bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication Patterns of Adolescents on Social Networks
Authors: Shcherbakova V.A.
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the features and specifics of social network communication of adolescents on the Internet. VKontakte, Instagram and Twitter, the most popular social networks among teenagers, are considered as a special social environment, which is an integral part of the daily communication of a modern teenager. In the theoretical base, the author relied on the concept of M. McLuhan, the dramatic sociology of I. Hoffman and the theory of network societies M. Castells. Based on the results of a qualitative study in the form of personal interviews with adolescents, the author creates a ‘profile’ of social networks in the understanding of adolescents: describes the distinctive characteristics of adolescents using social networks VKontakte, Instagram and Twitter as communication channels, the dynamics of the use of social networks for adolescents’ self-determination, were highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of having accounts on social networks from the point of view of adolescents.
Chinese Social Media Platforms and Microblogging in the Context of Public Diplomacy
Authors: Nadezhkina E.S.
Published: August 2020

The term “digital public diplomacy” that appeared in the 21st century owes much to the emergence and development of the concept of Web 2.0 (interactive communication on the Internet). The principle of network interaction, in which the system becomes better with an increase in the number of users and the creation of user-generated content, made it possible to create social media platforms where news and entertainment content is created and moderated by the user. Such platforms have become an expression of the opinions of various groups of people in many countries of the world, including China. The Chinese segment of the Internet is “closed”, and many popular Western services are blocked in it. Studying the structure of Chinese social media platforms and microblogging, as well as analyzing targeted content is necessary to understand China’s public opinion, choose the right message channels and receive feedback for promoting the country’s public diplomacy. This paper reveals the main Chinese social media platforms and microblogging and provides the assessment of their popularity, as well as possibility of analyzing China’s public opinion based on “listening” to social media platforms and microblogging.
Information and Image Policy of the Country in Cultural Paradigm
Authors: Simonov P.Yu.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this article is to identify and study the mechanisms of information and image policy that contribute to creating a positive image of the country; to reveal the role of information and image policy in the formation and promotion of national culture brands. The relevance of this article is due to the need to develop a scientifically based approach to the study of the country’s image from the standpoint of cultural studies, a complex discipline that is distinguished by its integrity and integrated attitude to the study of all cultural phenomena, taking into account the modern achievements of various branches of knowledge. Particular attention is paid to the concept of image in modern science. The theoretical basis was the provisions and concepts of classical works on cultural studies, the theory of mass and intercultural communication, the media, journalism, imageology, political science, sociology, marketing, psychology, philosophy, and ethnology. The article reflects the theory of the information society (D. Bell, M. Castells), the information space, information policy (I. Melyukhin, V. Popov), country branding (S. Anholt, W. Allins).
The Ruling Elite of Foreign Countries and Its Role in the Geopolitical Processes of Our Time
Authors: Grigoryan D.K. , Kritskaya A.A. , Arapetyan D.A. , Verenich I.G.
Published: August 2020

This study provides an overview of the geopolitical activity of the ruling elite in various countries of the world. One of the main and decisive actors that exist in the field of international politics are elites, primarily political ones. The article analyzes the mechanisms of influence of political and economic elites on the processes taking place in world politics and geopolitics. Political leaders of both the world’s leading States and countries whose geopolitical position is extremely important are considered. After all, they are the “leading locomotive” of any state on the planet. they are responsible for the choice of making certain political decisions that have a chain reaction of certain events not only within political- territorial entities, but also in interstate communications. The review of the ruling elites of the political and, in some cases, economic nature of some States of the world, States that have the greatest influence on global processes taking place on the planet, or are able, through their activities, to have a chain reaction effect on entire regions.
Humanization of Socium as an Imperative of Mediaspace Management
Authors: Buzin V.N.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the author shows the functional structure of the modern Russian network media space and outlines the main ways and opportunities for socio-humanistic management of it in the conditions of a modern dynamically complex society. The author proves that the existing forms of media space management ignore the possibility of creating a modern type of management as a civilized, rational and humanistic way for people to interact with their participation. It is also shown that management, which does not perform a humanistic function in society, turns into manipulation of people, into a technology for achieving any, including immoral and asocial goals. The analysis of the structure of the media space in terms of MASC 1 allowed the author to identify three possible macro-levels of managerial influence on the media space: content, media carriers, and audience. Besides, the research allowed the author to assert that a complex non-territorial media space of a reflexive type is currently being formed. The qualities of this type of media space are determined by the realities of the era of reflexive modernity.
Group Communication in City Planning Decisions (on the example urban projects of Moscow region)
Authors: Samoylova N.A. , Zhirkov O.A. , Belkin S.V.
Published: August 2020

The authors set out the basics of urban planning policy and represent the capabilities of modern information and communication tools for an integrated way of fixing the material and intangible world for urban planning purposes in the living environment (material and spatial environment). Namely, the possibilities of communication in the field of urban planning development carried out in the context of many circumstances cover federal, regional, municipal and corporate levels of management, while taking into account political, economic, social and technological relevant factors, as well as historical and national special aspects and urban planning typology of territories. The authors describe the operation of the developed computer program Decision Support Solutions (DSS) for evaluating decision options by interested participants in urban planning activities for various urban planning types of territories. The relevance of the article is driven by the need for practical use and legalization of the presented communicative interaction. This will facilitate the identification and solution of conflicts at the pre-project stage of urban planning, as should help to consider the requirements of consumers and their support for ongoing decisions and actions of public authorities at all levels.
Possible Barriers for Communication
Authors: Boykov V.S.
Published: August 2020

The famous American psychologist and philosopher Willie James claims that science has done many benefits to humanity because it erases or at least shifts the boundaries of understanding many social and natural phenomena, but it has done the least when it comes to overcoming the boundary between think of one and think of another. In fact, communicating with other people is a way for people to overcome the boundaries between themselves and others. Successful communication cannot take place if one person has control over the other or if there is no mutual respect and equality in the relationship itself. In the process of communication, participants encounter many factors that make communication difficult or unsuccessful, some related to the subjects of communication, others related to the climate in the organization, others due to lack of appropriate means of communication, and there are some, which are burdened by stereotypical prejudices, rigid opinions about individuals or situations, distorted notions, hostility to the interlocutor, lack of attention and interest on the part of the interlocutor, neglect of facts, incorrect choice of words – illogical expression. The wrong choice of communication strategies, as well as the habit created by man to draw conclusions based on inaccurate or superficial information are often an obstacle in communication.
Statistical mechanics of integrable quantum spin systems
Authors: Göhmann Frank
Published: August 2020

This script is based on the notes the author prepared to give a set
of six lectures at the Les Houches School ``Integrability
in Atomic and Condensed Matter Physics'' in the summer of 2018.
The responsibility for the selection of the material is partially
with the organisers, Jean-Sebastien Caux, Nikolai Kitanine,
Andreas Klümper and Robert Konik. The school had its focus on the
application of integrability based methods to problems in non-equilibrium
statistical mechanics. My lectures were meant to complement this
subject with background material on the equilibrium statistical mechanics
of quantum spin chains from a vertex model perspective. I was asked
to provide a minimal introduction to quantum spin systems including
notions like the reduced density matrix and correlation functions
of local observables. I was further asked to explain the graphical
language of vertex models and to introduce the concepts of the
Trotter decomposition and the quantum transfer matrix. This was
basically the contents of the first four lectures presented at the
school. In the remaining two lectures I started filling these notions
with life by deriving an integral representation of the free energy
per lattice site for the Heisenberg-Ising chain (alias XXZ model)
using techniques based on non-linear integral equations.

Up to small corrections the following sections 1-6 display the six
lectures almost literally. The only major change is that the
example of the XXZ chain has been moved from section 5 to 2.
During the school it was not really necessary to introduce the model,
since other speakers had explained it before. But for these notes
I thought it might be useful to introduce the main example rather
early. I also supplemented each lecture with a comment section which
contains additional references and material of the type that was
discussed informally with the participants.
Erzurum İlinde Eğitim Durumlarının ve Gelir Düzeylerinin Su Ürünleri Tüketimine Etkisi
Authors: ARSLAN Gökhan , AVCIOĞLU Ümit
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışma Erzurum ilinde yaşayan bireylerin gelir ve eğitim durumları dikkate alınarak su ürünleri tüketim alışkanlıklarının araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, 2019 yılı Kasım-Aralık aylarında Erzurum’da ikamet eden bireylere; gelir ve eğitim durumlarına göre tesadüfi olarak seçilen 102’si bayan, 78’i bay olmak üzere 180 katılımcı ile yüz yüze görüşülerek 15 sorudan oluşan anket yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gelir düzeyleri 0-1000 TL olan katılımcıların %91.4’ ü aylık 500 TL’ lik et tükettiklerini beyan ederken bunların %70.7’ si bu miktarın tamamını kırmızı ete harcamaktadır. Bu durum et tüketiminin beslenmedeki yerini anlamamız noktasında önemli bir veridir. Eğitim durumları ortaöğretim olan katılımcıların %7.1’lik kısmının aylık beslenme gideri 1501-2000 TL arasındayken. eğitim durumları lisansüstü olan katılımcılarda bu oran %57.1’dir. Balık fiyatları yarı oranda inse daha fazla balık tüketir misiniz? sorusuna katılımcıların %81.7’si evet cevabını vermiştir. Su ürünleri sektörü açısından önemli bir veri kaynağıdır. Gelir düzeyleri 8000 TL ve üzeri olan katılımcıların %28.6’sı haftada bir balık tüketirken, gelir düzeyleri 0-1000 TL olan katılımcılarda bu oran %3.4 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Gelir düzeyi arttıkça balık tüketim sıkılığının arttığı görülmüştür.
Arazi Sanatı Sanal Uygulaması ile Farkındalık Yaratma: Burdur Gölü Örneği
Authors: YILDIRIM Hatice , AŞIKKUTLU Hüseyin Samet , KAYA Latif Gürkan
Published: August 2020

Çalışma; Türkiye’de uzun yıllar içerisinde bilinçsiz su kullanımına, çevreye zararlı atıklar ile bu atıkların su kaynaklarına arıtılmadan verilmesine, göl sularının kirlenmesine ve su seviyesinin hızlı bir şekilde azalmasına dikkat çekmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, özellikle göl sularının çekilmesi ve su kirliliği üzerine farkındalık oluşturmak için arazi sanatı kullanılmıştır. Ülke genelinde kurumaya başlamış çok sayıda göl bulunmaktadır ve bu durum en çok Göller Yöresi’nde görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, su seviyesinin hızla azalmasının ve su kirliliğinin çok yoğun olarak görüldüğü Burdur Gölü çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Arazi sanatı önerilerinin oluşturulması için bir görsel tasarım programı çalışmanın gerçekleşmesinde araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, arazi sanatı sanal uygulaması ile Burdur Gölü ve benzer nitelikli alanlara dikkat çekilerek farkındalık yaratılması, ayrıca koruma-kullanma dengesi gözetilerek sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması hedeflenmiştir.
Combined Iodine, Iron and Zinc Biofortification of Tomato Fruit
Authors: ŞAHİN Özge
Published: August 2020

Deficiencies of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and iodine (I) are major malnutritional health problem in the devoloping countries. Biofortification of vegetables with I, Fe and Zn can become an alternative strategy of introducing these elements for human dietary intake. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of combined I (KIO3), Fe (FeSO4.7H2O) and Zn (ZnSO4.7H2O) supply on I, Fe and Zn concentrations of tomato plants, which is stem and leaf, and their fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Swanson). Tomato cultivar was grown in glasshouse conditions with four replications in 10 kg soil and 5% peat mixture. The treatments as contain: contol, each element applied at 10, 20 and 40 mg I-Fe-Zn kg-1, respectively. Concentrations of I, Fe and Zn and essential elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Mo, Cl, Si and Ni) as well as non-essential elements (Al, Co, Ti, Br, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cr, Sn, Sb, Te, Ge, Cs, Ce, Ga, Ta, Hf) were determined by Polarized Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorensence (PEDXRF). Effect of combined I-Fe-Zn treatments on fresh and dry weights of plant and fruit were found statistically important. Iron and Zn concentrations of fruits and plants were increased by combined I-Fe-Zn treatment except for Fe concentration in plant. Application of I-Fe-Zn were not significant effect on essential element concentrations in both plants and fruits, out of Ca, Na and Si concentrations in fruit. No influence of I-Fe-Zn treatment on the measured non-essential elements concentrations with the exception of plant Br concentration and fruit Sr concentration. This study revealed that combined I-Fe-Zn treatment can be used effectively for I, Fe and Zn biofortication of tomato fruits for the dietary intake for human.
Sebze Tohumu Dış Ticaret Rekabet Düzeyinin Porter’ın Elmas Modeliyle Analizi: Antalya İli Örneği
Authors: FİLİZ Abdülkadir , SAYIN Cengiz
Published: August 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Antalya İli örneğinde sebze tohumculuğu sektörünün küresel rekabet düzeyinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Araştırmanın ana kitlesini, Antalya İlinde sebze tohumculuğu dış ticareti yapan firmalardır. Araştırmanın verileri, sebze dış ticareti yapan 40 aktif firma ile yapılan yüz yüze anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Sekörün rekabet düzeyinin belirlenmesinde Porter’ın Elmas Modeli kullanılmıştır. Elmas Modelinde; girdi koşulları, talep koşulları, firma stratejisi, ilgili ve destekleyici sektörler olmak üzere dört ana belirleyici, devlet etkisi ve şans faktörü olmak üzere iki de yardımcı belirleyici faktör vardır. Bu belirleyicilere ait alt değişkenlerin cevapları, 5’li Likert ölçeğine göre oluşturulmuş sorularla ortaya konulmuştur. Elmas Modeli bulguları, sebze tohumculuğu sektörü küresel dış ticarette orta düzeyde rekabet gücüne sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
3-Boyutlu Minkowski Uzayında Bishop Çatısına Göre Sabit Eğrilikli Null Olmayan Regle Yüzeyler
Authors: TEKİN Cansu , AYDEMİR İsmail
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada, 3-boyutlu Minkowski uzayında Bishop çatısına göre null olmayan regle yüzeylerin Gauss ve ortalama eğrilikleri hesaplanmış ve regle yüzeylerin sabit Gauss ve ortalama eğriliğe sahip olmaları için gerekli koşullar elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca regle yüzeylerin açılabilir ve minimal olması için denklemlerinin hangi formda olması gerektiği gösterilmiştir. Buna ilaveten teğet vektör alanı tarafından üretilen sabit ortalama eğrilikli null olmayan regle yüzeylerin dayanak eğrisinin Bishop slant helis olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
A Multilevel Approach to Individual Readiness to Change
Authors: Desplaces David
Published: August 2020

This research seeks to expand our understanding of individual readiness to change and its antecedents. Antecedents to change are explored including both the objective and subjective context of change in an effort to clarify their significance and relationship with individual readiness to change and in determining the success of change. A theoretically sound and testable individual readiness model is presented including a brief discussion on how to go about testing each variables of the proposed model.
Enhancing the First-Year Experience for Business Students: Student Retention and Academic Success
Authors: Cox Pamela L. , Dunne Schmitt Elizabeth , Bobrowski Paula E. , Graham Glenn
Published: August 2020

This study examined the academic success and retention of first-year business students enrolled in a course designed to develop skills for academic success, provide a sense of community, ease the transition from high school to college, and provide a realistic preview of business school expectations. The course was designed to create the conditions regarded in the retention literature as critical in promoting academic success and persistence among first year students. Participating students were found to have lower academic disqualification rates, earn higher grade point averages, and continued their enrollment to the fall term of their second year at a higher rate.
Real-Time Forecasting of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Chinese Provinces: Machine Learning Approach Using Novel Digital Data and Estimates From Mechanistic Models
Authors: Liu Dianbo , Clemente Leonardo , Poirier Canelle , Ding Xiyu , Chinazzi Matteo , Davis Jessica , Vespignani Alessandro , Santillana Mauricio
Published: August 2020

Background

The inherent difficulty of identifying and monitoring emerging outbreaks caused by novel pathogens can lead to their rapid spread; and if left unchecked, they may become major public health threats to the planet. The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which has infected over 2,300,000 individuals and caused over 150,000 deaths, is an example of one of these catastrophic events.

Objective

We present a timely and novel methodology that combines disease estimates from mechanistic models and digital traces, via interpretable machine learning methodologies, to reliably forecast COVID-19 activity in Chinese provinces in real time.

Methods

Our method uses the following as inputs: (a) official health reports, (b) COVID-19–related internet search activity, (c) news media activity, and (d) daily forecasts of COVID-19 activity from a metapopulation mechanistic model. Our machine learning methodology uses a clustering technique that enables the exploitation of geospatial synchronicities of COVID-19 activity across Chinese provinces and a data augmentation technique to deal with the small number of historical disease observations characteristic of emerging outbreaks.

Results

Our model is able to produce stable and accurate forecasts 2 days ahead of the current time and outperforms a collection of baseline models in 27 out of 32 Chinese provinces.

Conclusions

Our methodology could be easily extended to other geographies currently affected by COVID-19 to aid decision makers with monitoring and possibly prevention.
Plausibility of Using a Checklist With YouTube to Facilitate the Discovery of Acute Low Back Pain Self-Management Content: Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zheluk Andrey , Maddock Jess
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Access to guideline-consistent effective care for acute low back pain (ALBP) is generally regarded as limited. Researchers have recognized the potential of YouTube as a clinical and patient education resource that may improve access to appropriate care. However, the heterogeneity of evaluation approaches and variable quality of health information have generally limited the potential of YouTube as a self-management intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to increase the understanding of ALBP content available on YouTube in 2020 and to establish the plausibility of using a simple checklist to facilitate the discovery of YouTube content consistent with current guidelines. We examined the following 4 research questions: how was the data set defined, what are the metadata characteristics of the videos in the data set, what is the information quality of ALBP YouTube videos, and what are the characteristics of the YouTube data set based on an ALBP self-management checklist?

METHODS

This was an exploratory, qualitative infodemiology study. We identified videos in our data set through YouTube search based on popular ALBP-relevant search terms identified through Google Trends for YouTube. We accessed YouTube metadata using the YouTube data tools developed by the University of Amsterdam. We used a modified Brief DISCERN checklist to examine the information quality. We developed a checklist based on the 2018 Lancet Low Back Pain guidelines to examine self-management content.

RESULTS

We analyzed a data set of 202 YouTube videos authored by chiropractors, physicians, physiotherapists, and instructors of yoga and other disciplines. We identified clear differences in the ALBP videos in our data set based on the authors’ disciplines. We found that the videos authored by each discipline strongly featured a specific intervention domain, that is, education, treatment, or exercise. We also found that videos authored by physicians were consistently coded with the highest ALBP self-management content scores than all other disciplines.

CONCLUSIONS

The results returned by YouTube in response to a search for back pain–related content were highly variable. We suggest that a simple checklist may facilitate the discovery of guideline-concordant ALBP self-management content on YouTube. Further research may identify the clinical contexts in which the use of an ALBP checklist with YouTube is feasible.
Evaluation of the Prevalence, Regional Phenotypic Variation, Comorbidities, Risk Factors, and Variations in Response to Different Therapeutic Modalities Among Indian Women: Proposal for the Indian Council of Medical Research–Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (ICMR–PCOS) Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ganie Mohd Ashraf , Chowdhury Subhankar , Suri Vanita , Joshi Beena , Bhattacharya Prasanta Kumar , Agrawal Sarita , Malhotra Neena , Sahay Rakesh , Rozati Roya , Jabbar Puthiyaveettil Khadar , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Sriwastva Mukesh , Wani Imtiyaz Ahmad , Singh Shalini , Sharma Radhey Shyam
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

There is scanty data in India on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from several small, undersized, convenience-based studies employing differing diagnostic criteria and reporting varied regional prevalence. It is difficult to draw clear-cut conclusions from these studies; therefore, the present multicentric, well-designed, large-scale representative countrywide epidemiological study on PCOS across India was conceived with the aim to generate the actual prevalence rates of PCOS in India with a total sample size of approximately 9000 individuals.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objectives of the study are to estimate the national prevalence of PCOS in India and the burden of comorbidities and to compare the variation in efficacy of standard therapeutic modalities for metabolic dysfunction in women with PCOS.

METHODS

This multicentric umbrella study consists of three different substudies. Substudy 1 will involve recruitment of women aged 18-40 years using a multistage sampling technique from randomly selected polling booths across urban and rural areas to estimate national prevalence, phenotypic variation, and risk factors among regions. Substudy 2 involves recruitment of subjects from the community pool of substudy 1 and the institutional pool for quantitation of comorbidities among women with PCOS. Substudy 3, an interventional part of the study, aims for comparison of variation in efficacies of common treatment modalities and will be conducted only at 2 centers. The eligible consenting women will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio into 2 arms through a blinding procedure. All these women will undergo clinical, biochemical, and hormonal assessment at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. The data generated will be analyzed using the reliable statistical software SPSS (version 26).

RESULTS

The study is ongoing and is likely to be completed by April 2022. The data will be compiled and analyzed, and the results of the study will be disseminated through publications.

CONCLUSIONS

The Indian Council of Medical Research–PCOS study is the first of its kind attempting to provide accurate and comprehensive data on prevalence of PCOS in India.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trials Registry–India CTRI/2018/11/016252; ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=26366

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/23437
Diabetology 4.0: Scoping Review of Novel Insights and Possibilities Offered by Digitalization (Preprint)
Authors: Eberle Claudia , Stichling Stefanie , Löhnert Maxine
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated morbidity worldwide justifies the need to create new approaches and strategies for diabetes therapy. Therefore, the ongoing digitalization offers novel opportunities in this field.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to provide an updated overview of available technologies, possibilities, and novel insights into diabetes therapy 4.0.

METHODS

A scoping review was carried out, and a literature search was performed using electronic databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science). The results were categorized according to the type of technology presented.

RESULTS

Different types of technology (eg, glucose monitoring systems, insulin pens, insulin pumps, closed-loop systems, mobile health apps, telemedicine, and electronic medical records) may help to improve diabetes treatment. These improvements primarily affect glycemic control. However, they may also help in increasing the autonomy and quality of life of people who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

CONCLUSIONS

Diabetes technologies have developed rapidly over the last few years and offer novel insights into diabetes therapy and a chance to improve and individualize diabetes treatment. Challenges that need to be addressed in the following years relate to data security, interoperability, and the development of standards.
Information Quality Frameworks for Digital Health Technologies: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Fadahunsi Kayode Philip , O'Connor Siobhan , Akinlua James Tosin , Wark Petra A , Gallagher Joseph , Carroll Christopher , Car Josip , Majeed Azeem , O'Donoghue John
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Digital health technologies (DHTs) generate a large volume of information used in health care for administrative, educational, research, and clinical purposes. The clinical use of digital information for diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic purposes has multiple patient safety problems, some of which result from poor information quality (IQ).

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review aims to synthesize an IQ framework that could be used to evaluate the extent to which digital health information is fit for clinical purposes.

METHODS

The review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, PsycINFO, Global Health, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Scopus, and HMIC (the Health Management Information Consortium) from inception until October 2019. Multidimensional IQ frameworks for assessing DHTs used in the clinical context by health care professionals were included. A thematic synthesis approach was used to synthesize the Clinical Information Quality (CLIQ) framework for digital health.

RESULTS

We identified 10 existing IQ frameworks from which we developed the CLIQ framework for digital health with 13 unique dimensions: accessibility, completeness, portability, security, timeliness, accuracy, interpretability, plausibility, provenance, relevance, conformance, consistency, and maintainability, which were categorized into 3 meaningful categories: availability, informativeness, and usability.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review highlights the importance of the IQ of DHTs and its relevance to patient safety. The CLIQ framework for digital health will be useful in evaluating and conceptualizing IQ issues associated with digital health, thus forestalling potential patient safety problems.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42018097142; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=97142

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024722
Artificial Intelligence Techniques That May Be Applied to Primary Care Data to Facilitate Earlier Diagnosis of Cancer: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Owain T , Calanzani Natalia , Saji Smiji , Duffy Stephen W , Emery Jon , Hamilton Willie , Singh Hardeep , de Wit Niek J , Walter Fiona M
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

More than 17 million people worldwide, including 360,000 people in the United Kingdom, were diagnosed with cancer in 2018. Cancer prognosis and disease burden are highly dependent on the disease stage at diagnosis. Most people diagnosed with cancer first present in primary care settings, where improved assessment of the (often vague) presenting symptoms of cancer could lead to earlier detection and improved outcomes for patients. There is accumulating evidence that artificial intelligence (AI) can assist clinicians in making better clinical decisions in some areas of health care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to systematically review AI techniques that may facilitate earlier diagnosis of cancer and could be applied to primary care electronic health record (EHR) data. The quality of the evidence, the phase of development the AI techniques have reached, the gaps that exist in the evidence, and the potential for use in primary care were evaluated.

METHODS

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases from January 01, 2000, to June 11, 2019, and included all studies providing evidence for the accuracy or effectiveness of applying AI techniques for the early detection of cancer, which may be applicable to primary care EHRs. We included all study designs in all settings and languages. These searches were extended through a scoping review of AI-based commercial technologies. The main outcomes assessed were measures of diagnostic accuracy for cancer.

RESULTS

We identified 10,456 studies; 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing the data of 3,862,910 patients. A total of 13 studies described the initial development and testing of AI algorithms, and 3 studies described the validation of an AI algorithm in independent data sets. One study was based on prospectively collected data; only 3 studies were based on primary care data. We found no data on implementation barriers or cost-effectiveness. Risk of bias assessment highlighted a wide range of study quality. The additional scoping review of commercial AI technologies identified 21 technologies, only 1 meeting our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was not undertaken because of the heterogeneity of AI modalities, data set characteristics, and outcome measures.

CONCLUSIONS

AI techniques have been applied to EHR-type data to facilitate early diagnosis of cancer, but their use in primary care settings is still at an early stage of maturity. Further evidence is needed on their performance using primary care data, implementation barriers, and cost-effectiveness before widespread adoption into routine primary care clinical practice can be recommended.

CLINICALTRIAL
Development and Validation of Unplanned Extubation Prediction Models Using Intensive Care Unit Data: Retrospective, Comparative, Machine Learning Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hur Sujeong , Min Ji Young , Yoo Junsang , Kim Kyunga , Chung Chi Ryang , Dykes Patricia C , Cha Won Chul
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Patient safety in the intensive care unit (ICU) is one of the most critical issues, and unplanned extubation (UE) is considered the most adverse event for patient safety. Prevention and early detection of such an event is an essential but difficult component of quality care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop and validate prediction models for UE in ICU patients using machine learning.

METHODS

This study was conducted in an academic tertiary hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The hospital had approximately 2000 inpatient beds and 120 ICU beds. As of January 2019, the hospital had approximately 9000 outpatients on a daily basis. The number of annual ICU admissions was approximately 10,000. We conducted a retrospective study between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. A total of 6914 extubation cases were included. We developed a UE prediction model using machine learning algorithms, which included random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM). For evaluating the model’s performance, we used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score were also determined for each model. For performance evaluation, we also used a calibration curve, the Brier score, and the integrated calibration index (ICI) to compare different models. The potential clinical usefulness of the best model at the best threshold was assessed through a net benefit approach using a decision curve.

RESULTS

Among the 6914 extubation cases, 248 underwent UE. In the UE group, there were more males than females, higher use of physical restraints, and fewer surgeries. The incidence of UE was higher during the night shift as compared to the planned extubation group. The rate of reintubation within 24 hours and hospital mortality were higher in the UE group. The UE prediction algorithm was developed, and the AUROC for RF was 0.787, for LR was 0.762, for ANN was 0.763, and for SVM was 0.740.

CONCLUSIONS

We successfully developed and validated machine learning–based prediction models to predict UE in ICU patients using electronic health record data. The best AUROC was 0.787 and the sensitivity was 0.949, which was obtained using the RF algorithm. The RF model was well-calibrated, and the Brier score and ICI were 0.129 and 0.048, respectively. The proposed prediction model uses widely available variables to limit the additional workload on the clinician. Further, this evaluation suggests that the model holds potential for clinical usefulness.
COVID-19 Symptom-Related Google Searches and Local COVID-19 Incidence in Spain: Correlational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jimenez Alberto Jimenez , Estevez-Reboredo Rosa M , Santed Miguel A , Ramos Victoria
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 is one of the biggest pandemics in human history, along with other disease pandemics, such as the H1N1 influenza A, bubonic plague, and smallpox pandemics. This study is a small contribution that tries to find contrasted formulas to alleviate global suffering and guarantee a more manageable future.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, a statistical approach was proposed to study the correlation between the incidence of COVID-19 in Spain and search data provided by Google Trends.

METHODS

We assessed the linear correlation between Google Trends search data and the data provided by the National Center of Epidemiology in Spain—which is dependent on the Instituto de Salud Carlos III—regarding the number of COVID-19 cases reported with a certain time lag. These data enabled the identification of anticipatory patterns.

RESULTS

In response to the ongoing outbreak, our results demonstrate that by using our correlation test, the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic can be predicted in Spain up to 11 days in advance.

CONCLUSIONS

During the epidemic, Google Trends offers the possibility to preempt health care decisions in real time by tracking people's concerns through their search patterns. This can be of great help given the critical, if not dramatic need for complementary monitoring approaches that work on a population level and inform public health decisions in real time. This study of Google search patterns, which was motivated by the fears of individuals in the face of a pandemic, can be useful in anticipating the development of the pandemic.
Barriers and Facilitators to Genetic Service Delivery Models: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Moultrie Rebecca , Toth Danielle , Haque Saira Naim
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Advances in diagnostics testing and treatment of genetic conditions have led to increased demand for genetic services in the United States. At the same time, there is a shortage of genetic services professionals. Thus, understanding the models of service delivery currently in use can help increase access and improve outcomes for individuals identified with genetic conditions.

OBJECTIVE

This review aims to provide an overview of barriers and facilitators to genetic service delivery models to inform future service delivery.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping literature review of the evidence to more fully understand barriers and facilitators around the provision of genetic services.

RESULTS

There were a number of challenges identified, including the limited number of genetics specialists, wait time for appointments, delivery of services by nongenetics providers, reimbursement, and licensure. The ways to address these challenges include the use of health information technology such as telehealth, group genetic counseling, provider-to-provider education, partnership models, and training; expanding genetic provider types; and embedding genetic counselors in clinical settings.

CONCLUSIONS

The literature review highlighted the need to expand access to genetic services. Ways to expand services include telehealth, technical assistance, and changing staffing models. In addition, using technology to improve knowledge among related professionals can help expand access.
Errors in Tracing Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Using a Maximum Likelihood Tree. Comment on “A Snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Availability up to April 2020 and its Implications: Data Analysis” (Preprint)
Authors: Forster Peter , Forster Lucy
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Letter
Questions to the Article of the Infection Rate of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: a Combined Analysis of Population Samples (Preprint)
Authors: WEI CHIEN
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The recent article published on July 22 in 2020 remains several questionable issues that are required to clarifications further, particularly for readers who hope to replicate Figure 1 from the data in Table 1. Although I reproduced a similar forest plot based on the effect ratios and their 95% confidence intervals(Cis) similar to Figure 1 in that article, no detailed information about the source of standard error(SE) for each country was seen and addressed. Others like the positive 95% Cis reflecting the negative Z values in the forest plot and the Q statistics used for examining the heterogeneity test are requied to interpretations and classifications. Most importantly, authors did not explain how to estimate the number of infected people in Wuhan, China, to be 143,000 ,significantly higher than the number of confirmed cases(=75,815 in Wuhan, China) that is required to provide the equations or methodologies in an article.
Effectiveness of Mobile App-Assisted Self-Care Interventions for Improving Patient Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and/or Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Kaifeng , Xie Zhenzhen , Or Calvin Kalun
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Mobile app-assisted self-care interventions are emerging promising tools to support self-care of patients with chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. The effectiveness of such interventions requires further exploration for more supporting evidence.

OBJECTIVE

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to examine the effectiveness of mobile app-assisted self-care interventions developed for type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension in improving patient outcomes.

METHODS

We followed the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines and searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and CINAHL Plus for relevant studies published between January 2007 and January 2019. Primary outcomes included changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Changes in other clinical-, behavioral-, knowledge-, and psychosocial-related outcomes were included as secondary outcomes. Primary outcomes and objective secondary outcomes that were reported in at least two trials were meta-analyzed; otherwise, a narrative synthesis was used for data analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 27 trials were identified and analyzed. For primary outcomes, the use of mobile app-assisted self-care interventions was associated with significant reductions in HbA1c levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.44, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.29; P<.001), SBP (SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.31 to −0.03, P=.02), and DBP (SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.30 to −0.03, P=.02). Subgroup analyses for primary outcomes showed that several intervention features were supportive of self-management, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and medication monitoring, communication with health care providers, automated feedback, personalized goal setting, reminders, education materials, and data visualization. In addition, 8 objective secondary outcomes were meta-analyzed, which showed that the interventions had significant lowering effects on fasting blood glucose levels and waist circumference. A total of 42 secondary outcomes were narratively synthesized, and mixed results were found.

CONCLUSIONS

Mobile app-assisted self-care interventions can be effective tools for managing blood glucose and blood pressure, likely because their use facilitates remote management of health issues and data, provision of personalized self-care recommendations, patient–care provider communication, and decision making. More studies are required to further determine which combinations of intervention features are most effective in improving the control of the diseases. Moreover, evidence regarding the effects of these interventions on the behavioral, knowledge, and psychosocial outcomes of patients is still scarce, which warrants further examination.
Calidad y demanda del servicio de hoteles de tres estrellas en la región petrolera de Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche
Authors: Martínez Luis David , Pérez Fernández Alberto , Caamal Cauich Ignacio
Published: August 2020

El objetivo de la investigación es evaluar la calidad del servicio y los factores que afectan la demanda de hoteles de tres estrellas en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche. La calidad del servicio se evaluó a partir del modelo Servqual y la demanda se analizó utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas. Los resultados muestran la dificultad de los hoteles para satisfacer a los huéspedes y que la calidad depende de los aspectos físicos del hotel y del trato personal. La elasticidad precio de la demanda es inelástica y el ingreso (remuneración) de los huéspedes tiene una relación inversa con la demanda de habitaciones. La investigación tiene como limitante que sólo estudia el mercado de hoteles desde un enfoque de demanda, pero aporta elementos para redefinir estrategias en empresas de servicios turísticos. Se concluye que un mercado seguro no siempre incentiva la mejora de la calidad; en algunos casos puede ser una limitante para la diversificación económica de una región.
Seguridad energética en México, Estados Unidos y Canadá, 1980-2016: centralidad del petróleo y la incorporación de temas ambientales
Authors: Rodríguez Peña Isabel , Puyana Mutis Alicia
Published: August 2020

El embargo petrolero de la Organización de Países Exportadores de Petróleo (OPEP) de octubre 1973 originó la concepción de seguridad energética (SE), enfocada en garantizar la oferta econó-mica de combustibles. Paulatinamente incluyó temas ambientales, de gobernanza y equidad e incrementó la complejidad del concepto, las políticas y los métodos de medición. Con un enfo-que de economía política, este artículo escruta esta trayectoria, selecciona las variables para construir tres índices de SE relacionados e independientes: seguridad petrolera (ÍSP), diversidad energética (ÍDE) y transición energética (ÍTE) y los aplica para el periodo 1980-2016 a Canadá, Estados Unidos y México, países con históricos vínculos sociales y económicos, incluida la ener-gía. Los resultados señalan la centralidad del petróleo en la SE y las bondades de construir índi-ces independientes para cada país y contexto considerados
Atado al sueño de ser adoptado por un país que no es el tuyo: la definición de dreamer desde la perspectiva de los jóvenes migrantes Tied
Authors: Vila Freyer Ana
Published: August 2020

Este artículo discute quiénes son los dreamers desde la perspectiva de los jóvenes migrantes asentados en México y en Estados Unidos. El trabajo se basa en una encuesta distribuida a tra-vés de SurveyMonkey entre jóvenes migrantes instalados en México y miembros de ocho gru-pos de dreamers y receptores del programa Acción Diferida para los Llegados en la Infancia (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals —DACA—) en Facebook en Estados Unidos entre mayo y agosto de 2018. A partir del análisis de las respuestas, derivamos tres hipótesis: primera, con-trario a lo esperado, los jóvenes no se asumen de manera homogénea como dreamers, ni otorgan el mismo contenido al concepto; segunda, este concepto encierra un sentido de pertenencia a Estados Unidos independientemente del lugar de residencia de los jóvenes, por lo que parece empalmar la pertenencia técnica a México con el sentido de pertenencia que deriva de la socia-lización en Estados Unidos. La tercera es que los jóvenes migrantes —sea en Estados Unidos o en México— se apropian o rechazan el concepto, por los puntos de referencia y mapas menta-les que construyen más allá de las definiciones legales que surgen de la Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act o del programa DACA, integrando comunidades de pertenencia que incluyen a los dos países.