bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Region-specific changes in brain glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid across the migraine attack in children and adolescents
Authors: Cho Lydia Y. , Bell Tiffany K. , Craddock Lindsay , Godfrey Kate J. , Hershey Andrew D. , Kuziek Jonathan , Stokoe Mehak , Millar Kayla , Orr Serena L. , Harris Ashley D.
Published: June 2024

In patients with migraine, an excitation–inhibition imbalance that fluctuates relative to attack onset has been proposed to contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of migraine, but this has yet to be explored in children and adolescents. This prospective, observational, cohort study examined glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels across the phases of a migraine attack and interictally in children and adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Macromolecule-suppressed GABA (sensorimotor cortex and thalamus) and glutamate (occipital cortex, sensorimotor cortex, and thalamus) were measured in children and adolescents (10-17 years) with a migraine diagnosis with or without aura 4 times over 2 weeks. Linear mixed-effects models examined changes in glutamate and GABA during the 72 hours leading up to, and after the onset of an attack. We found significant region-specific changes in glutamate and GABA. Specifically, sensorimotor GABA significantly increased leading up to the headache phase, whereas glutamate significantly decreased following the headache onset in the occipital cortex and the thalamus. Post hoc analyses examined the 24 hours leading up to or following the onset of the headache phase. In the 24 hours before the headache onset, sensorimotor glutamate, occipital glutamate, and thalamic GABA decreased. In the 24 hours post headache onset, sensorimotor glutamate continued to decrease. Our results suggest changes in glutamate and GABA that are consistent with the thalamocortical dysrhythmia hypothesis. These findings provide insight into developmental migraine pathophysiology and may open future avenues for treatment targets specific to children and adolescents.
Bowel Management in the Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Plante Elizabeth , Rhudy Lori
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: Neurogenic bowel and bladder are well-known complications of spinal cord injury. During the acute phase of recovery from spinal cord injury, spinal shock occurs, resulting in loss of reflexes and peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract. These impairments can result in complications in the gastrointestinal tract and, secondarily, the respiratory system due to the distention of the abdomen. Current guidelines for bowel management target the chronic phase of spinal cord injury after a diagnosis of neurogenic bowel dysfunction can be made. METHODS: The purpose of this literature review was to determine evidence-based recommendations for bowel management during the acute phase of spinal cord injury. A systematic search using the databases CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest was used to identify relevant evidence. RESULTS: The available evidence is based on expert consensus, is dated, and tends to be based on studies conducted during the chronic phase of injury. Careful assessment of the symptoms of bowel dysfunction would indicate that during the acute phase of spinal cord injury, spinal shock causes a patient to experience an areflexive bowel pattern where bowel motility is limited and reflexes are absent. Management of areflexive bowel includes establishment of a daily bowel program including manual removal of stool. To improve emptying of stool, factors such as rectal and oral medications, fluid, fiber, and activity may be adjusted according to need. CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence focused specifically on bowel management in the acute phase of spinal cord injury. Bowel management is complex and multifaceted and needs to be individualized to the patient as well as frequently reevaluated with changes in condition. Further research is needed to evaluate outcomes for bowel management in the acute phase of spinal cord injury to promote best practices.
What Works? Fostering Inclusivity in Physician Assistant/Associate Education: The Retention, Outreach, Alignment, and Diversity (ROAD) Framework
Authors: Bester Vanessa , Dorough Ramona , Burwell Nicole , Suzuki Sumihiro , Kayingo Gerald , Bradley-Guidry Carolyn
Published: June 2024

Introduction

There are well-known strategies to increase diversity in health professions education, evidence is sparse on how such strategies are practically implemented and longitudinally sustained. This study investigated the most widely used strategies across physician assistant/associate (PA) educational programs that have consistently demonstrated the ability to graduate racial and ethnic underrepresented students.

Methods

Following a grounded theory, qualitative interviews were conducted with 41 nationally accredited PA programs identified as top performers in consistently graduating racial and ethnic underrepresented students. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a program representative focused on ascertaining the characteristics and strategies attributable to the successful recruitment and retention of underrepresented PA matriculants. The interviews comprehensively explored program resources, efforts, and practices. Transcripts were coded, and themes were identified.

Results

The study revealed 4 overarching themes: (1) Pathways from the Community to the Program and Into Healthcare; (2) Dedication to Student Retention and Support; (3) Commitment to Diverse and Inclusive Learning Environments; and (4) Alignment of Mission, Inclusive Action, and Improving Diversity Outcomes. Based on these emerging themes, we propose a new diversity framework that hinges on Retention, Outreach, Alignment, and Diversity (ROAD Framework). This framework seeks to explain the overarching goals, high-impact behaviors, and actionable steps that can be effectively implemented across PA education to facilitate further diversification.

Discussion

This study illuminated on What Works to foster diversity in PA programs. By embracing and implementing the ROAD Framework, institutions can effectively address the persistent issue of underrepresentation and contribute to cultivating a more inclusive and representative healthcare workforce.
Comparison of laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal malignancy in obese patients: a propensity score-weighted cohort study
Authors: Hsu Yu-Jen , Yu Yen-Lin , Jhuang Jing-Rong , You Jeng-Fu , Liao Chun-Kai , Tsai Wen-Sy , Pan Yi-Ping , Chern Yih-Jong
Published: June 2024

Background:

Insufficient evidence exists to ascertain the long-term prognosis in patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic surgery versus open surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods:

Employing an institutional database from 2009 to 2019, we assessed individuals with a BMI of greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 who underwent surgery for primary stage I–III colorectal adenocarcinoma. The authors used propensity score-weighted analysis to compare short-term and oncologic outcomes between laparoscopic and open surgical approaches.

Results:

This study enrolled 473 patients (open vs. laparoscopic surgery: 220 vs. 253; median follow-up period, 60 months). The laparoscopy group showed a significantly longer operative time (252 vs. 212 min), a higher anastomotic-leakage rate (5.14% vs. 0.91%), and a greater proportion of Clavien–Dindo class greater than III complications (5.93% vs. 1.82%). The open group showed a higher wound infection rate (7.27% vs. 3.16%) and a higher readmission rate (6.36% vs. 2.37%). After propensity score weighting, laparoscopy was inferior to open surgery in terms of long-term overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.43), disease-free survival (1.39), and recurrence rate (21.1% vs. 14.5%). In the subgroup analysis, female patients, older individuals, stage III patients, patients with rectal cancer, and those who underwent surgery after 2014 showed inferior long-term outcomes after laparoscopy.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery for patients with obesity requires significant caution. Despite good short-term outcomes, this procedure is associated with hidden risks and poor long-term prognoses. In female patients, older individuals, stage III patients, patients with rectal cancer, and those treated in the late surgery era subgroups, caution is advised when performing laparoscopic surgery.
Long-term outcomes and risk factors for early bacterial infection after pediatric liver transplantation: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Sun Xicheng , Sun Xiaowei , Zhou Tao , Li Peiying , Wang Bingran , Pan Qi , Zhou Aiwei , Qian Yongbing , Liu Yongbo , Liu Yuan , Xia Qiang
Published: June 2024

Background:

Liver transplantation (LT) is the most efficient treatment for pediatric patients with end-stage liver diseases, while bacterial infection is the leading reason for post-transplant mortality. The present study is to explore the outcomes and risk factors of early bacterial infection (within 1 months) after pediatric LT.

Methods:

In this prospective cohort study, 1316 pediatric recipients [median (IQR) age: 9.1 (6.3–28.0) months; male: 48.0%; median (IQR) follow-up time: 40.6 (29.1–51.4) months] who received LT from September 2018 to April 2022 were included. Bacterial culture samples such as sputum, abdominal drainage, blood, and so on were collected when recipients were presented with infective symptoms. Kaplan–Meier analysis was applied to estimate the long-term survival rates and logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors. To explore the role of pretransplant rectal swab culture (RSC) in reducing post-transplant bacterial infection rate, 188 infant LT recipients [median (IQR) age: 6.8 (5.5–8.1) months; male: 50.5%] from May 2022 to September 2023 were included. Log-binomial regression was used to measure the association of pretransplant RSC screening and post-transplant bacterial infection. The ‘Expectation Maximization’ algorithm was used to impute the missing data.

Results:

Bacterial infection was the primary cause for early (38.9%) and overall mortality (35.6%) after pediatric LT. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed inferior 1-year and 5-year survival rates for recipients with post-transplant bacterial infection (92.6 vs. 97.1%, 91.8 vs. 96.4%, respectively; P<0.001). Among all detected bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. (34.3%) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (43.2%) were the dominant species and multidrug resistant organisms, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that infant recipients [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01–2.20], male recipients (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI: 1.08–1.89), high graft-to-recipient weight ratio (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI: 1.17–2.30), positive post-transplant RSC (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04–2.02) and nasopharyngeal swab culture (aOR 2.46; 95% CI: 1.72–3.52) were independent risk factors for early bacterial infection. Furthermore, RSC screening and antibiotic prophylaxis before transplantation could result in a relatively lower post-transplant infection rate, albeit without statistical significance (adjusted RR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.25–1.16).

Conclusion:

In this cohort study, post-transplant bacterial infection resulted in an inferior long-term patient survival rate. The five identified independent risk factors for post-transplant bacterial infection could guide the prophylaxis strategy of post-transplant bacterial infection in the future. Additionally, pretransplant RSC might decrease post-transplant bacterial infection rate.
Intensive locoregional therapy before liver transplantation for colorectal cancer liver metastasis: A novel pretransplant protocol
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Fujiki Masato , Schlegel Andrea , Uysal Melis , Sobotka Anastasia , Whitsett Linganna Maureen , Modaresi Esfeh Jamak , Kamath Suneel , Khalil Mazhar , Pita Alejandro , Kim Jae-Keun , Kwon David C.H. , Miller Charles , Hashimoto Koji , Aucejo Federico
Published: June 2024

We describe a novel pre-liver transplant (LT) approach in colorectal liver metastasis, allowing for improved monitoring of tumor biology and reduction of disease burden before committing a patient to transplantation. Patients undergoing LT for colorectal liver metastasis at Cleveland Clinic were included. The described protocol involves intensive locoregional therapy with systemic chemotherapy, aiming to reach minimal disease burden revealed by positron emission tomography scan and carcinoembryonic Ag. Patients with no detectable disease or irreversible treatment-induced liver injury undergo transplant. Nine patients received liver transplant out of 27 who were evaluated (33.3%). The median follow-up was 700 days. Seven patients (77.8%) received a living donor LT. Five had no detectable disease, and 4 had treatment-induced cirrhosis. Pretransplant management included chemotherapy (n = 9) +/− bevacizumab (n = 6) and/or anti-EGFR (n = 6). The median number of pre-LT cycles of chemotherapy was 16 (range 10–40). Liver-directed therapy included Yttrium-90 (n = 5), ablation (n = 4), resection (n = 4), and hepatic artery infusion pump (n = 3). Three patients recurred after LT. Actuarial 1- and 2-year recurrence-free survival were 75% (n = 6/8) and 60% (n = 3/5). Recurrence occurred in the lungs (n = 1), liver graft (n = 1), and lungs+para-aortic nodes (n = 1). Patients with pre-LT detectable disease had reduced RFS (p = 0.04). All patients with recurrence had histologically viable tumors in the liver explant. Patients treated in our protocol (n = 16) demonstrated improved survival versus those who were not candidates (n = 11) regardless of transplant status (p = 0.01). A protocol defined by aggressive pretransplant liver-directed treatment and transplant for patients with the undetectable disease or treatment-induced liver injury may help prevent tumor recurrence.
The Impact of Acute Exercise on Hemostasis and Angiogenesis Mediators in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Chan Chris H. H. , Passmore Margaret R. , Tronstad Oystein , Seale Helen , Bouquet Mahe , White Nicole , Teruya Jun , Hogan Airlie , Platts David , Chan Wandy , Dashwood Alexander M. , McGiffin David C. , Maiorana Andrew J. , Hayward Christopher S. , Simmonds Michael J. , Tansley Geoff D. , Suen Jacky Y. , Fraser John F. , Meyns Bart , Fresiello Libera , Jacobs Steven
Published: June 2024

Impaired primary hemostasis and dysregulated angiogenesis, known as a two-hit hypothesis, are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). Exercise is known to influence hemostasis and angiogenesis in healthy individuals; however, little is known about the effect in patients with CF-LVADs. The objective of this prospective observational study was to determine whether acute exercise modulates two-hit hypothesis mediators associated with GI bleeding in patients with a CF-LVAD. Twenty-two patients with CF-LVADs performed acute exercise either on a cycle ergometer for approximately 10 minutes or on a treadmill for 30 minutes. Blood samples were taken pre- and post-exercise to analyze hemostatic and angiogenic biomarkers. Acute exercise resulted in an increased platelet count (p < 0.00001) and platelet function (induced by adenosine diphosphate, p = 0.0087; TRAP-6, p = 0.0005; ristocetin, p = 0.0009). Additionally, high-molecular-weight vWF multimers (p < 0.00001), vWF collagen-binding activity (p = 0.0012), factor VIII (p = 0.034), angiopoietin-1 (p = 0.0026), and vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.0041) all increased after acute exercise. This pilot work demonstrates that acute exercise modulated two-hit hypothesis mediators associated with GI bleeding in patients with CF-LVADs.
Do Common Risk Adjustment Methods Do Their Job Well If Center Effects Are Correlated With the Center-Specific Mean Values of Patient Characteristics?
Authors: Vach Werner , Wehberg Sonja , Luta George
Published: June 2024

Background:

Direct and indirect standardization are well-established approaches to performing risk adjustment when comparing outcomes between healthcare providers. However, it is an open question whether they work well when there is an association between the center effects and the distributions of the patient characteristics in these centers.

Objectives and Methods:

We try to shed further light on the impact of such an association. We construct an artificial case study with a single covariate, in which centers can be classified as performing above, on, or below average, and the center effects correlate with center-specific mean values of a patient characteristic, as a consequence of differential quality improvement. Based on this case study, direct standardization and indirect standardization—based on marginal as well as conditional models—are compared with respect to systematic differences between their results.

Results:

Systematic differences between the methods were observed. All methods produced results that partially reflect differences in mean age across the centers. This may mask the classification as above, on, or below average. The differences could be explained by an inspection of the parameter estimates in the models fitted.

Conclusions:

In case of correlations of center effects with center-specific mean values of a covariate, different risk adjustment methods can produce systematically differing results. This suggests the routine use of sensitivity analyses. Center effects in a conditional model need not reflect the position of a center above or below average, questioning its use in defining the truth. Further empirical investigations are necessary to judge the practical relevance of these findings.
Lived experiences of COVID-19 disease: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Fereidouni Zhila , Karimi Zohreh , Mirshah Elham , Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki Sahar , Amrollah majdabadi Zahra , Behnammoghadam Mohammad , Mirzaee Mohammad saeed
Published: June 2024

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, various aspects of human life were changed around the world. The present study aimed to provide a systematic review of the available evidence on lived experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This is a systematic review of the meta-synthesis type. Evidence from studies from 2019 to 2021 was used. Keywords of lived experiences, experiences, people, nation, patients, community, COVID-19, corona, and corona disease were searched in PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles. A qualitative meta-synthesis was performed by a researcher based on a three-step meta-synthesis method described by Thomas and colleagues. MAXQDA 10 was used for data analysis. The present study is based on the guidelines for Enhancing transparency in reporting the meta-synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ). The reliability of this study had a Kappa coefficient of 0.660 with a consistency rate of 98.766%.

Results:

Finally, the data from 11 articles were analyzed. The main and sub-themes obtained in this study included negative aspects (chaos, hustle associated, dualities, bad body, value decay, seclusion, psychological challenges) as well as positive aspects (opportunities arising from the individual, family, and social stability).

Conclusion:

Problems of life during COVID-19 should be considered as part of the COVID-19 pandemic care program. Individual assessments should normally be considered in a public health crisis. It is recommended to conduct serious, in-depth, and practical research in this field.
Surgical management for hepatocellular carcinoma with concurrent portal vein tumour thrombus and bile duct tumour thrombus: a case report
Authors: Pham Anh The , Duc Vu Trung , Nguyen Thinh Duy , Truong Cuong Manh , Pham Anh Viet , Quang Vu Toan
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with concurrent portal vein tumour thrombus (PVTT) and bile duct tumour thrombus (BDTT) is sporadic and presents a puzzle to management with miserable prognostic.

Case presentation:

The authors reported a case of HCC in the right liver with PVTT involving the right portal vein and BDTT developing in the common bile duct, detected in a 43-year-old man. The patient was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium and obstructive jaundice. Imaging studies showed a large mass in the right liver with invasion of the first branch of the portal vein and dilated intrahepatic bilateral bile ducts. A liver biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Right hepatectomy plus thrombectomy en bloc with extrahepatic bile duct resection was performed. Subsequently, the patient received a postoperative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) 1 month after surgery.

Discussion:

In the present case, the authors were not aiming for curative treatment by aggressive management but for palliative treatment. At the time of diagnosis, the tumour had already invaded the portal bifurcation. Hepatectomy plus thrombectomy en bloc with resection of common bile duct can remove biliary obstruction caused by BDTT, optimize portal flow by eliminating PVTT, and reduce the tumour burden, consequently improving the quality of life and liver function. Then, PA-TACE takes care of microfoci left behind by the surgery, which may prolong survival time.

Conclusion:

An aggressive therapeutic strategy should be considered in exceptional cases for resectable HCC with PVTT and obstructive BDTT. However, the follow-up period remains limited. A longer duration of observation is necessary to definitively assess the surgery’s impact on patient’s recurrence and survival time.
Management of chylothorax after retrocrural lymphadectomy in a patient with ovarian cancer: a case report
Authors: Wu Qingyun , Huo Yanqin , Zhang Fang , Gao Fufeng , Wu Jianlei , Chen Liang
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

With the widespread use of positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT), a significantly greater proportion of patients with advanced ovarian cancer (OC) are now diagnosed with superior renal-vein lymph node metastases involving retrocrural and mediastinal nodes. To the authors’ knowledge, retrocrural lymphadenectomy has not yet been reported in patients with OC. The authors performed retrocrural lymph node resection in a patient with ovarian cancer.

Case presentation:

A 64-year-old woman with ovarian cancer who had not undergone surgery upon initial diagnosis was admitted to the authors’ hospital because tumour markers increased during bevacizumab maintenance therapy. PET/CT imaging revealed adnexal masses and multiple metastases in pelvic, para-aortic, retrocrural, and mediastinal lymph nodes. Reduction surgery was performed, and retrocrural lymph nodes were excised. However, the patient’s postoperative course was complicated by a chylothorax. Because of the failure of conservative treatment, interventional embolization was performed, but failed to obstruct lymphatic vessels. The patient underwent reoperation. A fistula was located where Hem-o-lock clips penetrated the pleura, clearly indicating the injury site, which was then sutured and embedded in the surrounding diaphragmatic tissue and filled with gel sponge. The patient recovered from chylous leakage postoperatively. She later underwent chemotherapy and targeted maintenance therapy.

Clinical discussion:

The authors may have injured the communicating branch of the thoracic duct posterior to the diaphragm during the first operation and did not ligate it. The accumulated chylous fluid finally penetrated through the weak point on the pleura and led to chylothorax 3 days later. If conservative treatment or interventional embolization are unsuccessful, surgical treatment should be selected in time.

Conclusion:

The location of the retrocrural lymph node at the anastomosis of the chylous cistern and the thoracic duct may pose a significant risk of chylous leakage as a complication of lymphadenectomy. Full exposure of the surgical field and thorough ligation of the lymphatic vessels may lead to successful superior renal-vein lymphadenectomy.
Unveiling the neuro-cognitive paradigm: a new approach to the treatment of anxiety: a comprehensive review
Authors: Jahangiri Shima , Naeim Mahdi , Majidnia Mahboobeh , Mostafavi Maryam , Imannezhad Shima , Mohammadi Yasaman
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore the neuro-cognitive paradigm in anxiety diseases by integrating neurobiological and cognitive perspectives. The ideal was to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between neural and cognitive processes in anxiety and its counteraccusations for treatment. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, examining studies that delved into the neurobiological supplements and cognitive impulses in anxiety. The findings revealed the involvement of brain regions similar to the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus in anxiety diseases, along with dysregulation in neurotransmitter systems. Cognitive impulses, including attentional bias towards trouble, interpretation bias, and memory impulses, were constantly observed in individuals with anxiety. The results stressed the bidirectional relationship between neurobiology and cognition, demonstrating that neurobiological factors impact cognitive processes, and cognitive factors modulate neural exertion. Integrated interventions targeting both neurobiological and cognitive factors showed a pledge in treating anxiety diseases. The study linked gaps in the literature and emphasized the significance of considering artistic factors and developing individualized treatment approaches. Overall, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of anxiety diseases and informs unborn exploration and clinical practice.
Primary bladder B-cell lymphoma: a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Dominic Jerry Lorren , Ganduboina Rohit , Dutta Palak , Gubran Khalid , Toussaint Michael Lord , Isrow Derek Michael
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

Primary bladder lymphoma accounts for a mere fraction of vesical tumours and extranodal lymphomas, which mostly affect women. IGH-BCL2 translocation, which occurs in 80–100% of Western follicular variants but only 60% in Asian communities, must be studied to determine its effects on prognosis and treatment. This study analyses and compares relevant literature and data for the authors’ case report.

Case presentation:

The authors report a 69-year-old Caucasian female with one gross haematuria episode and no smoking history. Computed tomography (CT) showed a bilateral massive intraluminal mass left ureterovesical junction, hydronephrosis, and hydroureter.

Clinical discussion:

Following the removal of a massive transurethral urinary bladder tumour, histological examination revealed lymphoma cells positive for IRTA and LMO2 but negative for IGH-BCL2. After these analyses, the patient received 3 weeks of 30 Gy/15 f IMRT/IGRT. Comparisons were made to previous case reports’ histopathology.

Conclusion:

The current case report emphasizes the rarity of primary bladder lymphoma and the absence of the IGH-BCL2 fusion gene. Following the successful administration of 30 Gy of radiation therapy, the patient’s prognosis improved. The report emphasizes clinical vigilance and timely management while also urging further investigation.
Obturator hernia: a persisting clinical diagnostic challenge – a case report
Authors: Bhujel Sushim , Adhikari Sanjit , Pant Prashant , Pandey Anish , Baral Bishant R. , Chhetri Suchit T.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The presentation of a strangulated obturator hernia is rare, with it accounting for less than 0.04% of all hernias. Delay in presentation and diagnosis results in complications like bowel ischemia, necrosis, perforation, and peritonitis, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality.

Case presentation:

The authors report the case of an 85-year-old multiparous woman who presented with a 3-day history of abdominal pain and vomiting. Upon examination, she exhibited hypotension, altered sensorium, and a distended abdomen with visible peristalsis. An abdominal pelvic computed tomography scan confirmed the diagnosis of ‘intestinal obstruction secondary to an incarcerated obturator hernia’. Subsequently, a lower midline laparotomy was performed, successfully reducing the bowel and repairing the hernial orifice. The patient was discharged on the fourth postoperative day, and there has been no hernia recurrence as of her 3-month follow-up.

Discussion:

The presentation of a strangulated obturator hernia can be elusive. During clinical examination, both the Howship–Romberg sign and the Hannington-Kiffs sign tests may be negative. Laparoscopic obturator hernia repair has been shown to reduce hospital stay and morbidity. A midline laparotomy has the advantage of easy manual reduction, minimizing bowel trauma, accurately accessing the bowel, and facilitating bowel resection.

Conclusion:

Obturator hernias constitute rare subtypes of abdominal hernias. They typically occur in older women, and patients often present with poor functional status and multiple comorbidities. The clinical diagnostic tests are uncertain, even in patients with a high index of suspicion. Timely diagnosis and appropriate surgical management are crucial for a favorable outcome.
Hirayama disease successfully treated by posterior fixation: a case report
Authors: Kayastha Sabik R. , Pandey Archana , Pandey Abhishek , Keshari Suraj , Pandey Ajit
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

Hirayama disease is a rare form of motor neuron amyotrophy that usually presents with weakness and atrophy of the distal upper extremities in young males. It is believed that it is caused by spinal cord compression during neck flexion because of the widening of the posterior extradural space. This case has been brought to attention due to its extraordinary rarity, serving as an educational tool for medical professionals and to advocate for surgical intervention when deemed necessary.

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of a young male in his 20s who was diagnosed with Hirayama disease, had weakness and atrophy in both of his upper limbs, and has been successfully treated by posterior fixation at C4, C5, and C6 with lateral mass screws.

Clinical discussion:

The majority of cases stabilize after 2–3 years of progression; therefore, cervical collars are generally sufficient for therapy. However, in certain serious cases with progression even after that time, surgical intervention is an option. Because this is such an uncommon incidence, surgical therapy has not been explored and is controversial.

Conclusion:

The use of posterior fixation at C4, C5, and C6 with lateral mass screws as a therapy for Hirayama disease may be regarded as a successful approach.
Tigecycline-induced pancreatitis in a patient with recurrent malignancy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Arafat Hasan , Sadaqa Dana , Sabateen Ali
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

Drug-induced pancreatitis is an important health issue that makes a minority of causes of acute pancreatitis. Tigecycline-induced pancreatitis is a rare condition with poorly understood mechanism and has a small incident compared to other causes of pancreatitis

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of a 39-year-old female patient with acute pancreatitis. Tigecycline was the suspected culprit by exclusion. The patient was managed by keeping her nill per os, rehydration, pain management and discontinuation of the drug. The patient improved gradually.

Clinical discussion:

Tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis is a rare but known complication that is mostly seen in patients with chronic renal insufficiency combined with high dose of administration. Onset is usually within 14 days of initiation. Discontinuation of the drug is the most effective intervention in addition to supportive management.

Conclusion:

Acute pancreatitis should be suspected in any patient presenting with vomiting, abdominal pain and acidosis while on tigecycline. Monitoring of amylase and lipase can be beneficial especially in those with chronic renal insufficiency or those receiving a high dose.
Gallbladder fossa lymphangioma encasing the common bile duct: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Samidoust Pirouz , Moayerifar Maziar , Gholipour Mahboobeh , Poursadrolah Selvana , Zamani Athar , Moayerifar Mani
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Lymphangiomas are rare low-flow lymphatic vessel malformations mostly diagnosed in childhood. Among the abdominal lymphangiomas, the gallbladder lymphangioma is a rare presentation, and only a few cases have been reported till date, of which majority were cystic lymphangiomas.

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of a 48-year-old female with abdominal pain and normal physical examination and laboratory findings. On the performed imaging, a multiloculated cystic lesion, located in the gallbladder fossa, was found. The patient underwent open cholecystectomy, and surprisingly, the cyst extended to the common bile duct, which was separated cautiously. The cyst was resected, and the histopathological findings confirmed cystic lymphangioma.

Conclusion:

The cystic lymphangioma of the gallbladder can be asymptomatic, although most of the literature has reported abdominal pain. The diagnosis of lymphangioma is complicated, especially when intra-cystic hemorrhage happens. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are usually performed. The surgical excision of the cyst and the gallbladder is the treatment of choice. Although bile duct involvement is extremely rare, it should be considered during the surgery.
A case of multiple myeloma misdiagnosed as seronegative rheumatoid arthritis: a rare case report
Authors: Kudsi Maysoun , Drie Tasneem , Haidar Ghina , Hodaifa Yara , Tarcha Raghad
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell proliferation producing large numbers of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Typical MM symptoms include anemia, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and renal failure. Atypical presentations like joint involvement were rarely reported in the literature and may cause significant delays in treatment and adverse outcomes.

Case presentation:

The authors report a case of a 54-year-old female who presented with symmetrical polyarthritis and was misdiagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The diagnosis of MM was made after failing many treatments of rheumatoid arthritis and with further laboratory tests and procedures.

Conclusion:

This rare manifestation of MM carries a diagnostic challenge and causes a significant delay in treating such patients. Here, the authors report this unusual initial presentation with a review of several cases in the literature describing similar presentations.
Deciphering the molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA HIF1A-AS1 regulating pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jiaxin , Sun Yifeng , Ma Jiahui , Guo Xiang
Published: June 2024

Background:

HIF1A-AS1, an antisense transcript of HIF1α gene, is a 652-bp LncRNA that is globally expressed in multiple tissues of animals. Recent evidence indicated that HIF1A-AS1 was involved in tumorigenesis of several types of cancer. However, the role of lncRNA in PC has not been reported, and the molecular mechanism remains elusive.

Results:

In order to investigate the role of HIF1A-AS1 in PC, it was overexpressed in some PC cell lines (PANC-1, PATU8988 and SW1990), and a series of experiments including cell viability detection, flow cytometry, transwell migration, clone formation and wound healing were performed. Functionally, the results indicated that overexpression of HIF1A-AS1 could greatly inhibit proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis of PC cells. Moreover, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) quantitative proteomics analysis was implemented to explore the underlying mechanism and the results indicated that OE of HIF1A-AS1 globally affected the expression levels of multiple proteins associated with metabolism of cancer. At last, the network analysis revealed that most of these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were integrated and severed essential roles in regulatory function. In view of this, we guessed HIF1A-AS1 overexpression induced the dysfunction of metabolism and disordered proteins’ translation, which may account for its excellent tumour suppressor effect.

Conclusions:

HIF1A-AS1 altered the cell function of PC cell lines via affecting the expression of numerous proteins. In summary, HIF1A-AS1 may exhibit a potential therapeutic effect on PC, and our study provided useful information in this filed.
Primary spinal oligodendroglioma with intracranial extension: a case report
Authors: Bashour George , Ismaiel Nahar , Ebrahim Yousef , Ibrahim Manar , Deeb Tala , Khatab Karam , Ali Mohammad S. , Alshehabi Zuheir
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Primary spinal cord oligodendrogliomas (PSO) are sporadic tumors that arise from oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They can affect adults and children and make up about 2% of all intramedullary (IM) spinal tumors. Here, the authors present the second case in the literature of a primary spinal oligodendroglioma with intracranial extension.

Presentation:

A 28-year-old right-handed female presented to our emergency room severely malaised with left-sided hemiparesis, numbness, tingling, and urinary retention with positive Babinski and negative Hoffmann. MRI showed a widespread heterogeneous mass extending from the medulla to C7 with syringomyelia inferior to the mass. The mass was removed surgically, and her neurological condition improved rapidly. The gross, pathological exams, and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of oligodendroglioma.

Discussion:

Up until 2017, there have been 60 documented cases of PSO in the literature and we have found two more cases in our search between 2017 and 2023. Also, there has been only one case recorded with an intracranial extension, making our case the 63rd PSO case and the second one with cranial extension.

Conclusion:

The golden standard for imaging is MRI. Surgical excision is the main treatment in the literature. Single-stage laminectomy showed promising results and surgical resection was the critical intervention to which the patient responded. This matches what was stated in the literature that surgery is the primary mode of treatment in PSO patients.
A rare hemoglobinopathy duo: Hb Adana×Hb SEA in a 1-year-old patient – a case report and a brief literature review
Authors: Faheem Youmna , Baroudi Mustafa M. , Emad Al Saddik Samia , John Steffi , Hafez Wael
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

Alpha thalassemia, resulting from nondeletional mutations, typically presents a more severe clinical manifestation compared to deletional mutations. Severe outcomes, such as hydrops fetalis, are associated with two specific nondeletional mutations. Therefore, DNA-based investigation is crucial for suspected carriers exhibiting subtle hematological abnormalities to facilitate proper diagnosis and effective family counseling.

Case presentation:

In this report, the authors describe a phenotypically normal 1-year-old girl with a rare and unique alpha-thalassemia genotype due to the presence of Hb Adana, a nondeletional alpha-chain mutation compounded with Hb SEA, an alpha-globin gene deletion.

Clinical discussion:

Mutations determine the clinical manifestations of alpha-thalassemia. DNA testing is recommended for suspected carriers with relatively small hematological abnormalities, for precise diagnosis and family counseling. To provide clinicians with a reference for diagnostic assessment, the authors established a genotype-phenotype correlations based on reported cases of Hb Adana following an exhaustive literature review. Being interested in determining which ethnicities and genotypes are associated with a higher risk of complications, including hydrops fetalis and transfusion dependence, the authors formalized a diagnostic evaluation guide and a guide for early screening to improve outcomes.

Conclusion:

Precise genetic evaluation is important for the diagnosis of alpha thalassemia. Hematologists play a critical role in managing these disorders, understanding genotype-phenotype correlations, and highlighting the significance of genetic counseling for high-risk patients. Extensive studies on these various genophenotypes are required to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of such medical conditions and advocate preventative strategies.
A rare variation of common hepatic artery identified during pancreaticoduodenectomy: a case report and literature review from Syria
Authors: Saiouf Yaman , Nayouf Oubai , Aldairi Omar , Durra Ahmad , Alshiekh Ali , Alkurdi Muhammad Fadi , Hamed Hamoud
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

It is common for the liver to be supplied blood by a hepatic artery branching off the coeliac trunk. Occasionally, a replaced common hepatic artery (RCHA), emerges from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), can supply the liver in 1.5–4.0% of cases. Computed tomography (CT) angiography is a highly accurate method for identifying arterial anomalies, which may remain undetected until the time of surgery, leading to unexpected complications.

Case presentation:

A 53-year-old male exhibiting symptoms of decreased appetite, weight loss, vomiting, and altered sclera, urine, and stool colour, underwent a contrast-enhanced CT scan revealing biliary tract dilatation and pancreatic abnormalities, leading to a pancreaticoduodenectomy. During the surgery, an uncommon arterial finding—CHA from SMA—was noted. Pancreatic cancer was confirmed. The patient was discharged a week post-surgery without issues, emphasizing perioperative care progress.

Discussion:

The authors’ study focused on the detection conditions of the same hepatic artery anomaly in eight cases reported between 2017 and 2023. In two of them the anomaly was discovered in cadaver by routine autopsy. In three cases, this variation was identified before the surgery, but in three other cases it wasn’t detected until the surgical procedure. In the authors’ case, due to multiple reasons, the anomaly remained undetectable until the surgery.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the importance of thorough preoperative evaluation to grasp vascular variations for better patient care. Also, a noteworthy observation in our case is that the surgeon identified an expanded hepatic vessel, prompting further investigation into this anomaly.
Insights into calcific aortic valve stenosis: a comprehensive overview of the disease and advancing treatment strategies
Authors: Jain Hritvik , Goyal Aman , Khan Abeer T.M.A. , Khan Noor U. , Jain Jyoti , Chopra Shrey , Sulaiman Samia A. , Reddy Murali Mohan , Patel Kush , Khullar Kaarvi , Daoud Mohamed , Sohail Amir H.
Published: June 2024

Aortic valve stenosis is a disease characterized by thickening and narrowing of the aortic valve (AV), most commonly due to calcification, which leads to left ventricular outflow obstruction called calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). CAVD presents as a progressive clinical syndrome with cardiorespiratory symptoms, often with rapid deterioration. The modern-day pathophysiology of CAVD involves a complex interplay of genetic factors, chronic inflammation, lipid deposition, and valve calcification, with early CAVD stages resembling atherosclerosis. Various imaging modalities have been used to evaluate CAVD, with a recent trend of using advanced imaging to measure numerous AV parameters, such as peak jet velocity. Significant improvements in mortality have been achieved with transcatheter AV repair, but numerous therapeutics and modalities are being researched to delay the progression of CAVD. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of CAVD, explore recent developments, and provide insights into future treatments with various novel modalities.
Massive cystic falcine meningioma presented with slight symptoms: a case report
Authors: Hassan Mostafa , Salman Iyas , Salman Ali , Tofan Sameer , Salman Issam
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumors while their presence with cysts is relatively low. In general, large ones usually present with severe symptoms and have a high recurrence rate even after total resection which is also difficult.

Case presentation:

The authors present a case of an elderly patient with a large Falcine meningioma associated with peritumoral cysts. The patient presented with mild symptoms despite the tumor’s significant size. Imaging studies revealed a large mass in the falcine region with peritumoral cysts. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor, which was completed without complications.

Clinical discussion:

The atypical presentation of this large Falcine meningioma with peritumoral cysts highlights the variability in clinical manifestations of these tumors. Despite the tumor’s size and the presence of peritumoral cysts, the patient experienced mild symptoms and recovered after relatively easy surgery challenging conventional expectations.

Conclusion:

The successful outcome of this case demonstrates that even large meningiomas can present with mild symptoms. Medical practitioners should not always link the tumor size to the severity of symptoms, recurrence rate, and complexity of surgery.
Isolated visceral manifestation of Buerger’s disease presenting as intestinal obstruction: a case report
Authors: Rana Ramesh , Bhattacharya Satyadeep , Bhattacharya Baishali , Ghimire Ram K. , Joshi Neeraj
Published: June 2024

Introduction and importance:

Buerger’s disease is an uncommon segmental nonatherosclerotic vasculitis essentially affecting small to medium-sized arteries and veins of upper and lower extremities and can lead to limb amputation. Visceral vessel involvement is quite rare accounting for 2% of cases presenting with acute abdomen due to mesenteric ischemia. Moreover, isolated visceral involvement is even rare.

Case presentation:

A 42-year-old gentleman, a chronic smoker, presented with abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting and loose stool of 2 months duration. Magnetic resonance enterography revealed segmental circumferential wall thickening with stricture in the mid part of the jejunum with lymphadenopathy features of possible inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease). Furthermore, intraoperative surgical findings were also suggestive of Crohn’s disease. However, histologic findings were consistent with thromboangiitis obliterans.

Discussion:

Thromboangiitis obliterans can present with inflammatory vascular lesions without necrosis in the early stage to varying degrees of recanalisation, gangrene, and amputation in the late stage. It rarely involves the brain, heart, and abdominal viscera. The visceral involvement may be in the form of intestinal obstruction or mesenteric ischemia or can mimic Crohn’s in a background of smoking.

Conclusion:

This case report will help to learn more about the rarer intestinal presentation of intestinal Buerger’s disease. It can present with features of bowel ischemia, obstruction or Crohn’s. So, histology would play a pivotal role in differentiating the diagnostic dilemma.