bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐92: A Fast Response Time FFS‐LCD with Novel Electrode Design
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Lin Wenpeng , Yang Yan , Zhu Lan , Lan Chenping , Zhong Caijiao , Yang Xianyan
Published: August 2023

In this paper, an FFS LCD is developed which contains ITO3 electrode other than the ITO2 pixel electrode, and the ITO3 electrode has a separate timing signal. This configuration can optimize response time by increasing the electric field strength of LC cell. In addition, the transmittance for the LCD using novel electrode design is also improved compared to conventional LCD. This electrode design will have opportunities for applications in the field of gaming and virtual reality displays.
P‐29: Noise reduction and defect detection algorithm in white‐light scanning interferometry for display panel inspection
Authors: Cho Sanghoon , Jung Seungyeop , Song Myeongho
Published: August 2023

White‐light scanning interferometry (WSI) has been widely used for the inspection of various display panels by 3D surface imaging from the micrometer scale to the nanometer scale. However, WSI often fails to sense light reflected from towering defects due to diffused reflection, represented by near‐zero heights, called black spot (b‐spot). It is challenging to detect the b‐spot defect especially in display pad area with varying heights. In addition, vibration of WSI facility hinders a defect spot due to harsh noise amplification. To resolve the issues, we proposed a novel and efficient image processing algorithm which consists of five steps. The first step is image denoising by median filtering with rectangle kernels. The second is pad area preprocessing to avoid misdetection. The third is to identify the presence of b‐spot defect using curvature of 1D projection array of an image. The fourth is defect detection through minimum value finding method. The last is Laplace fitting to infer the height of towering b‐spot defect. We conducted an experimental study using WSI raw data of defective display panels to evaluate the defect detection rate and the reliability of inferred height. We also calculated the correlation between the inferred height by Laplace fitting and measured height by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a gold standard. We have shown that the proposed method can effectively detect a towering b‐spot defect position with much improved detection rate and infer the height with high precision.
P‐31: Research on Improvement of White High Reflectivity Ink Process
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wang Xiao , Gao Liang , Zhai Ming , Sun Haiwei
Published: August 2023

The UV curing rate of the ink film was improved by adjusting the exposure wavelength and energy parameters. At the same time, the edge morphology of white ink window was improved from positive trapezoid to inverted trapezoid.
P‐36: The impact of packaging film on the uniformity of mini LED display
Authors: Jin Liang-Liang , Yang Ze-Zhou , Zhao Le , Zhang Qing-Kai , Li Yue-Qiao , Ma Ruo-Yu , Gao Bo , Chen Zhen-Zhang , Tian Chao , Sun Hai-Wei
Published: August 2023

The impact of packaging film has been discussed for the uniformity of mini LED screen. It is found that the variation of transmittance of the packaging film should be controlled in a limited range which is about 5% to ensure the uniformity of mini LED display at side viewing angle.
P‐41: Experimental Study of Intrinsic Melting Mechanism and Behavior During Laser Annealing of Si Films
Authors: Lisenko Nikita , Shen Bonan , Park Jayoung , Song Ruobing , Im James S.
Published: August 2023

To experimentally investigate the intrinsic nature of how melting initiates and propagates in laser annealing processes involving polycrystalline thin films, polycrystalline Si obtained by ELA was planarized and then single‐pulse irradiated at various energy densities. AFM analysis of the irradiated films reveals definitively that melting initiates predominantly at grain‐boundary vertices and junctions. Important implications for ELA and SBA (Spot‐Beam‐ Annealing) methods are discussed.
P‐24: A Novel OLED Full Display Technology with High Image Quality
Authors: Wang Benlian , Long Yue , Zheng Hai , Hu Ming , Qiu Haijun
Published: August 2023

This paper introduces in detail the development process of full screen camera technology and products in the past two years, carefully compares the TFT inside method represented by Samsung Fold3 product and the TFT outside method represented by ZTE Axon30 product, and proposes the FDC (Full Display with Camera) technology developed by BOE that has been used in ZTE Axon40 product. Compared with the one‐ to‐multi array technology launched by Visionox, BOE's one‐to‐one driving method realized by TFT compression design is optimal in both display quality and photographing, which can be really called full screen technology.
P‐75: Development of Medium and Large Size Active Bistable State Dual&Four Color Cholesteric LCDs †
Authors: WANG Hui , XUE Yang , LIU Yanni , YUAN Yin , WANG Sheng , CHEN Junsheng , HU Jingyong , DENG Liguang , LEE SeungKyu , XUE Hailin
Published: August 2023

Compared with cholesteric display technology, which is mainly a passive driver under 5inch, this paper report one 7.5inch actively driven bistable display device. We use cyan cholesteric liquid crystal reflecting 528nm light and red ink to achieve red & white dual color display. In order to enrich the display information, one red (660nm) cell and one cyan (528nm) cell are fitted with pixel precision, and black ink is printed on the bottom, control the status of the two cells respectively, so as to achieve red, cyan, black, and white four color display. In addition, we optimized drive mode, and update traditional two‐stage drive to three‐stage drive, which improved the stability of the LCD FC state and the image quality of the display device, especially at high and low temperatures. In this paper, red&white dual color and four color display technologies are the first in the LCD industry.
P‐78: An Adhesion Reinforced Structure for TFE of Flexible OLED Display
Authors: Wang Tao , Sun Tao , Hong Rui , Liu Libin , Liu Zheng , Shi Shiming , Wang Dawei
Published: August 2023

A design of adhesion reinforced structures was introduced in this study. It was made of negative photoresist and played the role of anti‐peeling. It had a parallel linear shape in the plane and an inverted trapezoidal shape in the section. When bending at 1mm bending radius, the reinforced structure delayed the occurrence of bending failure and limited crack propagation. The promotion of 180°peeling force was over 1000%. Furthermore, it improved pulling force by 16.8% and crush‐resistant by 7.5%. No pixel shrinkage and dark spots appeared when stored in an environment of 85% humidity and at 85 ℃ over 500 hours.
P‐96: Importance of Data Structure Change by Applying Domain Knowledge in Industrial Tabular Data
Authors: Hwang Jinha , Lee Sanghee
Published: August 2023

Recently, AI has penetrated various fields in industrial settings. For example, the display industry is also actively researching AI applications, and the most advanced field is using inspection data. A measurement sensor from a processing facility or data from an inspection facility is used to detect defects at the display manufacturing site. However, in the case of raw material defects, the effects of minor defects can accumulate and cause abnormalities in subsequent processes, which are very difficult to detect. In this case, the accumulated data is analyzed, but there is no exact standard, and there is a limit to subjective judgment by the inspector. To solve this issue, we applied DBSCAN clustering, clustering the X and Y axes individually, coordinates with binning, and normalization as the preprocessing method to maximize the discriminative power of the defect. Moreover, for the final defect detection, an AI structure that detects defects was completed using a structure that combines DBSCAN and Isolation Forest. We minimized detection errors by using the clustering function of DBSCAN as a noise removal effect. As a result, it was possible to develop and mass‐produce ML with an F1 score of 0.998 for defect detection, which was difficult to automate in the past. AI performed this comparison, objectifying the existing engineer's resource‐based work and shortening the progress time.
P‐97: Applying a generative model to improve TFT measurement capacity performance
Authors: Park Kyongtae , Khim Taeyoung
Published: August 2023

AMOLED is based on current driving, so the current characteristics of TFT IV(current per voltage) have much influence. Now, as the technology of AMOLED is expanded to HOP(hybrid of Oxide and Polysilicon TFT) and UPC(Under Panel Camera), polysilicon and oxide TFT are used in combination, and TFTs of various sizes must be used at the same time. So, first, it is attempted to reduce the IV measurement points and improve them with the known interpolation method. However, there is a limit to accurate prediction due to the non‐linear characteristics of TFT and noise measurement in the off region of TFT.

In this paper, we applied an asymmetric neural network structure to overcome this limitation of reduction decoding. To do this, we developed an asymmetric autoencoder to decode or reconstruct TFT IV data from small sampled IV measurements (14~35%). Then, to overcome the error estimation of generating many errors in the surrounding interpolation because noise is included in the TFT off region, a function of partially removing noise only in the off region is introduced. In addition, to overcome the performance decrease problem due to the minimal amount of abnormal data, which should be accurately predicted in a situation close to abnormal, generative models were applied to overcome it. The IV information to be generated was encoded using a pretrained large language model to reduce the dimensionality and converted into text, which was then trained on the distillate GPT‐2 model and used as a generative model. In the general interpolation method, the performance decreases as the number of measurement samples are reduced; the method proposed in this paper maintains its performance even if the sampling is under 20%. This means that it is adequate to restore only a small portion of information using the latent space information that has learned the TFT IV saturation and linear mode characteristics. This is applied to mass production by increasing the measurement capability without additional equipment investment.
P‐100: Consistent Low‐Light Image Restoration for Under‐Display Camera
Authors: Wu Shao-Chun , Lin Cheng-Wu , Shih Ming-Chia , Hsieh Chih-Yung , Yang Chiu-Lien
Published: August 2023

Under‐display camera (UDC) allows viewers to interact with the camera and watch the display at the same time. This paper introduces the UDC for Mini‐LED/Micro‐LED displays embedding the camera by drilling a pinhole between LED dies. Based on such an application, the main issues of UDC images are low‐light and noise. We propose a CNN‐based image restoration approach to enhance brightness and remove noise. Moreover, the input of the proposed neural network uses three consecutive frames to reduce the temporal flickering of videos. The processing speed on GPU can reach 1080p@30fps, which is feasible for real‐time streaming applications.
P‐57: Spatial Display System Based on Cylindrical Lens Technology
Authors: Ma Xitong , Wu Congrui , Tang Xiaojun , Li Xin , Duan Ran , Zhao Xingxing , Zhou Xing , Zhang Ziyue
Published: August 2023

Compared with traditional two‐dimensional displays, three‐dimensional displays can bring users a more realistic visual experience. In recent years, with the development of naked eye 3D technology, users can completely get rid of the shackles of glasses and experience stereoscopic visual effects more freely. The 3D display technology based on the cylindrical lens is a vital technology branch in the field of stereoscopic display. The lens light splitting and eye tracking technology are used to ensure that the image taken into the human eye at any viewing angle has correct parallax, thus giving people a three‐dimensional feeling. BOE has accumulated numerous technologies in the display field, especially in the fields of high‐resolution display and new display. This paper focuses on the space reality display system independently developed by BOE.
P‐145: Late‐News Poster: Integral Imaging 3D Display Based on Top‐hat Diffusing Screen
Authors: Zhang Han-Le , Liu Yi-Jian , Ma Xiao-Li , Xing Yan , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: August 2023

We propose an integral imaging 3D display based on top‐hat diffusing screen. The integral imaging 3D display consists of a 2D display, a micro‐lens array, and a top‐hat diffusing screen. The top‐hat diffusing screen is composed of multiple elemental lenses with different pitches. The light rays pass through the top‐hat diffusing screen to form a regular light spot, and the light intensity distribution of the light spot is top‐hat type. This can make the 3D image smooth and natural. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed integral imaging 3D display.
P‐146: Late‐News Poster: Real‐time Facial Communication Systems Using Light Field Display with Point‐Cloud Representation
Authors: Fukano Koichiro , Kudo Takaaki , Yura Toshiki , Murakami Tetsuya , Takaki Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

Point‐cloud representation is combined with the near virtual‐ image mode light field display to construct the facial communication system, which can operate in real‐time. A one‐way person‐to‐person communication system was demonstrated. Furthermore, a subjective evaluation was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
P‐46: RGB Pixel Aging in OLED Displays
Authors: Kam Kevin , Yu Tiantong , Kymissis Ioannis
Published: August 2023

The effects of single‐color RGB pixel aging on SDR organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays were studied using TVs aged over the course of 1200 hours. The results of aging show large amounts of image retention through a reduction of luminance up to a maximum of 5 nits. The difference in anti‐aging compensation was observed and discussed between different brands of commercial displays.
P‐71: Inkjet‐Printed Quantum Dots Photoresist Light Converting Layer and Photolithography Pixel Patterning for Micro‐Displays
Authors: Jang Tyng-Woei , Lin Chen-Te , Chen Hsueh-Shih
Published: August 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) can be employed as color conversion layers (CCLs) in LCDs or LEDs displays due to their excellent optical properties. In this work, we prepared the red quantum dots photoresist (QD‐PR) ink for fabricating the CCLs for micro‐LED displays through photo‐patterning process. Conventional photolithography process usually wastes up to 90% of materials applied while the spin‐coating process. In order to reduce the materials loss, we introduced inkjet‐printing (IJP) technique to fabricate the QDs CCLs, which allows drop‐on‐demand (DOD) material deposition. The CCLs prepared by IJP and further patterned by photolithography is demonstrated, with the pattern line width of 25 μm and the light conversion efficiency (LCE) of 41.37% at the thickness of 2 μm. The use of IJP technology for fabricating films resulted in an average material saving of 89.5% compared to the spin‐coated method.
P‐160: Late‐News Poster: One‐Pot Synthesis Method for Monodisperse and Stable In(Zn)P Quantum Dots
Authors: Jo Joon Hee , Heo Ho Seok , Yun Chaemin , Baek Seungho , Lee Kangtaek
Published: August 2023

We present a simple method of synthesizing monodisperse and stable In(Zn)P quantum dots (QDs) by tuning the intermediate meta‐stable particles called magic‐sized clusters' (MSC) surface with ZnCl2. Destabilized MSCs easily dissociated into monomers for nucleation and growth of QDs.
P‐165: Implementation of Three‐Color White Electroluminescence Emission Utilizing Perovskite Nanocrystals and Organic Emitters
Authors: Kwon Hyukmin , Park Sunwoo , Lee Hayoon , Park Minjin , Park Jongwook
Published: August 2023

In the present study, we report for the first‐time three‐color white‐light emission with high brightness from white‐emitting PeQD organic light‐emitting diodes (WPeQD‐OLEDs) fabricated using a PeQD material and organic emitters. A WPeQD‐OLED bilayer was prepared by depositing a blue‐emitting organic layer on top of a CsPb(Br/I)3 QD layer mixed with N9,N10‐Bis(4‐(tert‐butyl) phenyl)‐N9,N10‐Di‐o‐Tolylanthracene‐9,10‐Diamine (p‐Tb‐o‐Me‐TAD), which were spin‐coated as red and green emitters, respectively. In the WPeQD‐OLED device, charge carriers were distributed by an 9‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐10‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)anthracene (α,β‐ADN) blue‐emitting host material with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital level. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of the WPeQD‐OLEDs showed EL maximum peaks at 460, 527, and 640 nm; the CIE color coordinates of the emitted light were (0.33, 0.40). The EL results confirmed that the maximum luminance was 49,000 cd m ‐2 and the maximum luminance efficiency and power efficiency were 4.48 cd A‐1 and 2.16 lm W ‐1.
P‐8: Synthesis of Superior‐Performance InGaZnO Based on Ideal Reaction of Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition†
Authors: Kim Yoon-Seo , Oh Hye-Jin , Kim Junghwan , Lim Jun Hyung , Park Jin-Seong
Published: August 2023

Based on moderating the reaction energy of plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), we fabricated a superior‐performance InGaZnO transistor with the ultra‐high field effect mobility over 100 cm2/Vs, absolute threshold voltage under 0.5 V, and subthreshold swing lower than 100 mV/decade. This study will be powerful basic of synthesizing the ALD‐based oxide semiconductor for scaling down such as 3D integration applications.
P‐155: Late‐News Poster: Low Voltage Operation a‐IGZO Thin Film Transistor Using by Thermal Oxidation Metal Oxide Insulator
Authors: Yu Eun Seong , Kim Seung Gyun , Kim Min Seong , Lee Jong Mo , Bae Byung Seong
Published: August 2023

We developed oxide thin‐film transistor using the tantalum oxide grown by thermal oxidation for the low voltage operation. Thermal oxidation was performed after the deposition of tantalum by sputtering as a gate electrode. The thermal grown tantalum oxide was analyzed by XPS. a‐IGZO TFT using a thermally grown tantalum oxide gate insulator operated at less than 2 V and compared it with aluminum oxide deposited by ALD.
Can't Buy Me Love: Gift‐Giving Among Members of Criminal Organizations
Authors: Bar‐Lev Shirly , Morag Michal
Published: August 2023

This paper problematizes gift relations in criminal organizations. It adopts a symbolic interaction perspective to focus scholarly attention on the way in which actants skillfully maneuver within the social expectations inherent in gift‐giving relations. The study is based on insights from twenty interviews with ex‐convicts and ten interviews with police officers or associates, and an in‐depth analysis of memoirs, police reports, and newspaper articles. Our study expands the scope of symbolic interactionism by considering how the exchange of gifts and favors is emotionally stylized to achieve both social and operative goals. We aim to carefully deconstruct the performance of gift‐giving and favor exchange in Israeli crime organizations, to understand how it is orchestrated to elicit genuine feelings among givers and recipients, as well as to control the use of violence. Finally, we identify gift‐giving as a double‐edged sword designed to lure recruits into a network of binding obligations, only to form a durable system of credit and debt wherein any transgressions are strictly punished.
Antiviral potentials of garlic (Allium sativum) in poultry production: A mini review
Authors: Adjei‐Mensah Benjamin , Quaye Bernard , Opoku Obed , Atuahene Comfort Charity
Published: August 2023

Poultry enterprise is challenged with high economic losses due to viral infections. The outbreak of such infections, including Newcastle disease, avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease, could undermine poultry performance leading to decreased meat and egg production. The potency of vaccines in recent times has dropped with the rise in the virulence of antigens, which can interrupt vaccination defence. Natural herbs and phytochemicals have been extensively recommended because of their vast advantageous effects. Garlic and its bioactive organo‐sulphur compounds have been proven to have antiviral, immunomodulatory and other pharmaceutical properties. Remarkable effects in poultry include a decrease in viral loads, an increase in antibody titres, lessening inflammatory cytokines and augmenting antiviral gene expression; however, methods of preparation, the dose of bioactive compounds and proportions administered may cause disparities in different reports. Therefore, this review highlights the potential of garlic against viral diseases, immunomodulatory, toxicity and pathological status in embryonated chicken eggs and poultry.
Universal chaotic dynamics from Krylov space
Authors: Erdmenger Johanna , Jian Shao-Kai , Xian Zhuo-Yu
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Krylov complexity measures the spread of the wavefunction in the Krylov basis, which is constructed using the Hamiltonian and an initial state. We investigate the evolution of the maximally entangled state in the Krylov basis for both chaotic and non-chaotic systems. For this purpose, we derive an Ehrenfest theorem for the Krylov complexity, which reveals its close relation to the spectrum. Our findings suggest that neither the linear growth nor the saturation of Krylov complexity is necessarily associated with chaos. However, for chaotic systems, we observe a universal rise-slope-ramp-plateau behavior in the transition probability from the initial state to one of the Krylov basis states. Moreover, a long ramp in the transition probability is a signal for spectral rigidity, characterizing quantum chaos. Also, this ramp is directly responsible for the late-time peak of Krylov complexity observed in the literature. On the other hand, for non-chaotic systems, this long ramp is absent. Therefore, our results help to clarify which features of the wave function time evolution in Krylov space characterize chaos. We exemplify this by considering the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model with two-body or four-body interactions.
Supersymmetric baryogenesis in a hybrid inflation model
Authors: Gunji Yoshihiro , Ishiwata Koji , Yoshida Takahiro
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We study baryogenesis in a hybrid inflation model which is embedded to the minimal supersymmetric model with right-handed neutrinos. Inflation is induced by a linear combination of the right-handed sneutrinos and its decay reheats the universe. The decay products are stored in conserved numbers, which are transported under the interactions in equilibrium as the temperature drops down. We find that at least a few percent of the initial lepton asymmetry is left under the strong wash-out due to the lighter right-handed (s)neutrinos. To account for the observed baryon number and the active neutrino masses after a successful inflation, the inflaton mass and the Majorana mass scale should be 1013 GeV and $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(109–1010) GeV, respectively.
Towards a classification of holographic multi-partite entanglement measures
Authors: Gadde Abhijit , Krishna Vineeth , Sharma Trakshu
Published: August 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we systematically study the measures of multi-partite entanglement with the aim of constructing those measures that can be computed in probe approximation in the holographic dual. We classify and count general measures as invariants of local unitary transformations. After formulating these measures in terms of permutation group elements, we derive conditions that a probe measure should satisfy and find a large class of solutions. These solutions are generalizations of the multi-entropy introduced in [1]. We derive their holographic dual with the assumption that the replica symmetry is unbroken in the bulk and check our prescription with explicit computations in 2d CFTs. Analogous to the multi-entropy, the holographic dual of these measures is given by the weighted area of the minimal brane-web but with branes having differing tensions. We discuss the replica symmetry assumption and also how the already known entanglement measures, such as entanglement negativity and reflected entropy fit in our framework.
When ℤ2 one-form symmetry leads to non-invertible axial symmetries
Authors: Argurio Riccardo , Vandepopeliere Romain
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We study non-abelian gauge theories with fermions in a representation such that the surviving electric 1-form symmetry is ℤ2. This includes SU(N) gauge theories with matter in the (anti)symmetric and N even, and USp(2N) with a Weyl fermion in the adjoint, i.e. $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SYM. We study the mixed ’t Hooft anomaly between the discrete axial symmetry and the 1-form symmetry and show that when it is non-trivial, it leads to non-invertible symmetries upon gauging the ℤ2. The TQFT dressing the non-invertible symmetry defects is universal to all the cases we study, namely it is always a U(1)2 CS theory coupled to the ℤ2 2-form gauge field. We uncover a pattern where the presence or not of non-invertible defects depends on the rank of the gauge group.
De Finetti Theorems for Quantum Conditional Probability Distributions with Symmetry
Authors: Jandura Sven , Tan Ernest Y.-Z.
Published: August 2023

The aim of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is to study protocols that allow the generation of a secret shared key between two parties under minimal assumptions on the devices that produce the key. These devices are merely modeled as black boxes and mathematically described as conditional probability distributions. A major obstacle in the analysis of DIQKD protocols is the huge space of possible black box behaviors. De Finetti theorems can help to overcome this problem by reducing the analysis to black boxes that have an iid structure. Here we show two new de Finetti theorems that relate conditional probability distributions in the quantum set to de Finetti distributions (convex combinations of iid distributions) that are themselves in the quantum set. We also show how one of these de Finetti theorems can be used to enforce some restrictions onto the attacker of a DIQKD protocol. Finally we observe that some desirable strengthenings of this restriction, for instance to collective attacks only, are not straightforwardly possible.
Application of atmospheric pressure field desorption for the analysis of anionic surfactants in commercial detergents
Authors: Gross Jürgen H.
Published: August 2023

Recent work has shown that field desorption (FD) and field ionization (FI) using activated field emitters may be performed at atmospheric pressure, too. While some limitations apply to atmospheric pressure field desorption (APFD) mass spectrometry (MS), the method can deliver both positive and negative even electron ions of highly polar or ionic compounds. Furthermore, APFD even permits the generation of positive molecular ions of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Here, an application of negative-ion APFD for the analysis of anionic surfactants contained in commercial detergent products for body care, household, and technical uses is presented. The samples include liquid soaps and shower gels, dishwashing liquids, and cooling lubricants. Surfactant solutions in methanol/water or pure methanol at 2–10 µl ml−1 were deposited on commercial 13-µm activated tungsten emitters. The emitters were positioned in front of the atmospheric pressure interface of a Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer by means of a slightly modified nano-electrospray ionization (nanoESI) source. The entrance electrode of the interface was set to positive high voltage with respect to the emitter at ground potential. Under these conditions, negative-ion desorption was achieved. The surfactant anions, organic sulfates and organic sulfonates, were characterized by accurate mass-based formula assignments, and in part, by tandem mass spectrometry. The negative-ion APFD spectra were compared to results by negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) either obtained using the FT-ICR mass spectrometer or by using a trapped ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight (TIMS-Q-TOF) instrument when product ions of low m/z needed to be detected in tandem MS.

Graphical Abstract
Infra-patellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem cells maintain their chondrogenic differentiation potential after arthroscopic harvest with blood-product supplementation
Authors: Neubauer Markus , Otahal Alexander , Kuten Olga , Sherman Seth Lawrence , Moser Lukas , Kramer Karina , DeLuna Andrea , Neugebauer Johannes , Dammerer Dietmar , Muellner Thomas , Nehrer Stefan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Mesenchymal stem cells/medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) possess therapeutic potential and are used in regenerative orthopaedics. The infra-patellar fat pad (IFP) is partially resected during knee arthroscopy (KASC) and contains MSCs. Heat, irrigation, and mechanical stress during KASC may decrease MSC’s therapeutic potential. This study assessed MSCs’ regenerative potential after arthroscopic IFP harvest and potential effects of two blood products (BP) (platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyperacute serum (HAS)) on MSCs’ viability and chondrogenic differentiation capacity.

Methods

IFP was arthroscopically harvested, isolated, and counted (n = 5). Flow cytometry was used to assess cell viability via staining with annexin V/7-AAD and stemness markers via staining for CD90, CD73, and CD105. MSCs were incubated with blood products, and metabolic activity was determined via an XTT assay. Deposition of cartilage extracellular matrix was determined in histologic sections of chondrogenically differentiated 3D pellet cultures via staining with Alcian Blue. Expression of cartilage-specific genes (SOX9, MMP3/13, ACAN, COL1/2) was analyzed via quantitative PCR.

Results

MSC isolation from IFP yielded 2.66*106 ± 1.49*106 viable cells from 2.7 (0.748) g of tissue. MSC markers (CD 90/105/73) were successfully detected and annexin V staining showed 81.5% viable cells. XTT showed increased metabolic activity. Within the BP groups, this increase was significant (days 0–14, p < 0.05). PCR showed expression of cartilage-specific genes in each group. COL2 (p < 0.01) as well as ACAN (p < 0.001) expression levels were significantly higher in the HAS group. Histology showed successful differentiation.

Conclusion

Arthroscopic harvest of IFP-MSCs yields sufficient cells with maintained regenerative potential and viability. Blood products further enhance MSCs’ viability.
On the geometry of elementary flux modes
Authors: Wieder Frederik , Henk Martin , Bockmayr Alexander
Published: August 2023

Elementary flux modes (EFMs) play a prominent role in the constraint-based analysis of metabolic networks. They correspond to minimal functional units of the metabolic network at steady-state and as such have been studied for almost 30 years. The set of all EFMs in a metabolic network tends to be very large and may have exponential size in the number of reactions. Hence, there is a need to elucidate the structure of this set. Here we focus on geometric properties of EFMs. We analyze the distribution of EFMs in the face lattice of the steady-state flux cone of the metabolic network and show that EFMs in the relative interior of the cone occur only in very special cases. We introduce the concept of degree of an EFM as a measure how elementary it is and study the decomposition of flux vectors and EFMs depending on their degree. Geometric analysis can help to better understand the structure of the set of EFMs, which is important from both the mathematical and the biological viewpoint.
A mathematical representation of the reactive scope model
Authors: Wright Justin , Buch Kelly , Beattie Ursula K. , Gormally Brenna M. G. , Romero L. Michael , Fefferman Nina
Published: August 2023

Researchers have long sought to understand and predict an animal’s response to stressful stimuli. Since the introduction of the concept of homeostasis, a variety of model frameworks have been proposed to describe what is necessary for an animal to remain within this stable physiological state and the ramifications of leaving it. Romero et al. (Horm Behav 55(3):375–389, 2009) introduced the reactive scope model to provide a novel conceptual framework for the stress response that assumes an animal’s ability to tolerate a stressful stimulus may degrade over time in response to the stimulus. We provide a mathematical formulation for the reactive scope model using a system of ordinary differential equations and show that this model is capable of recreating existing experimental data. We also provide an experimental method that may be used to verify the model as well as several potential additions to the model. If future experimentation provides the necessary data to estimate the model’s parameters, the model presented here may be used to make quantitative predictions about physiological mediator levels during a stress response and predict the onset of homeostatic overload.
The collateral map: prediction of lesion growth and penumbra after acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke
Authors: Yi Jin Seok , Ki Hee Jong , Jeon Yoo Sung , Park Jeong Jin , Lee Taek-Jun , Kwak Jin Tae , Lee Sang Bong , Lee Hyung Jin , Kim In Seong , Kim Joo Hyun , Lee Ji Sung , Roh Hong Gee , Kim Hyun Jeong
Published: August 2023

Objectives

This study evaluated the collateral map’s ability to predict lesion growth and penumbra after acute anterior circulation ischemic strokes.

Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of selected data from a prospectively collected database. The lesion growth ratio was the ratio of the follow-up lesion volume to the baseline lesion volume on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The time-to-maximum (Tmax)/DWI ratio was the ratio of the baseline Tmax  > 6 s volume to the baseline lesion volume. The collateral ratio was the ratio of the hypoperfused lesion volume of the phase_FU (phase with the hypoperfused lesions most approximate to the follow-up DWI lesion) to the hypoperfused lesion volume of the phase_baseline of the collateral map. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent predictors of lesion growth. The concordance correlation coefficients of Tmax/DWI ratio and collateral ratio for lesion growth ratio were analyzed.

Results

Fifty-two patients, including twenty-six males (mean age, 74 years), were included. Intermediate (OR, 1234.5; p < 0.001) and poor collateral perfusion grades (OR, 664.7; p = 0.006) were independently associated with lesion growth. Phase_FUs were immediately preceded phases of the phase_baselines in intermediate or poor collateral perfusion grades. The concordance correlation coefficients of the Tmax/DWI ratio and collateral ratio for the lesion growth ratio were 0.28 (95% CI, 0.17–0.38) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.92), respectively.

Conclusion

Precise prediction of lesion growth and penumbra can be possible using collateral maps, allowing for personalized application of recanalization treatments. Further studies are needed to generalize the findings of this study.

Clinical relevance statement

Precise prediction of lesion growth and penumbra can be possible using collateral maps, allowing for personalized application of recanalization treatments.

Key Points

• Cell viability in cerebral ischemia due to proximal arterial steno-occlusion mainly depends on the collateral circulation.

• The collateral map shows salvageable brain extent, which can survive by recanalization treatments after acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke.

• Precise estimation of salvageable brain makes it possible to make patient-specific treatment decision.
Global Change in Agricultural Flash Drought over the 21st Century
Authors: Black Emily
Published: August 2023

Agricultural flash droughts are high-impact phenomena, characterized by rapid soil moisture dry down. The ensuing dry conditions can persist for weeks to months, with detrimental effects on natural ecosystems and crop cultivation. Increases in the frequency of these rare events in a future warmer climate would have significant societal impact. This study uses an ensemble of 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) models to investigate the projected change in agricultural flash drought during the 21st century. Comparison across geographical regions and climatic zones indicates that individual events are preceded by anomalously low relative humidity and precipitation, with long-term trends governed by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. As a result of these processes, the frequency of both upper-level and root-zone flash drought is projected to more than double in the mid- and high latitudes over the 21st century, with hot spots developing in the temperate regions of Europe, and humid regions of South America, Europe, and southern Africa.
Delegation ärztlicher Leistungen an rheumatologische Fachassistenten
Authors: Hoeper Juliana Rachel , Schuch Florian , Steffens-Korbanka Patricia , Gauler Georg , Welcker Martin , Wendler Jörg , von Hinüber Ulrich , Meyer Sara Eileen , Schwarting Andreas , Zeidler Jan , Witte Torsten , Meyer-Olson Dirk , Hoeper Kirsten
Published: August 2023

Hintergrund

Bei 80 % der Patienten mit einer rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) tritt mindestens eine Komorbidität auf. Neben kardiovaskulären Komorbiditäten sind psychische Erkrankungen häufig. Die Prävalenz von Depression und Angst ist bei Betroffenen höher als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Ein Screening auf Komorbidität ist hoch relevant. Die Unterversorgung im fachärztlichen Bereich lässt dies kaum zu. Die Implementierung einer Visite durch die rheumatologische Fachassistenz (RFA) bietet Potenzial, die Versorgung zu verbessern und der Unterversorgung zu begegnen.

Fragestellung

Ziel ist, Auswirkungen einer teambasierten Versorgung auf den Verlauf von Depression und Angst bei Patienten mit einer seropositiven RA im Krankheitsschub zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden

Es handelt sich um eine multizentrische, pragmatische, randomisierte, kontrollierte Studie über 1 Jahr mit 224 Patienten. Nach Baseline folgen 5 Visiten. In der Interventionsgruppe (IG) fanden 3 zunächst bei der RFA statt. Depression, Angst und Behandlungszufriedenheit werden genauer betrachtet.

Ergebnisse

In der IG hat sich die ängstliche Symptomatik über 12 Monate signifikant verbessert (p = 0,036). Auch die Anteile der Patienten mit Ängstlichkeit verändern sich signifikant in der Interventionsgruppe (p < 0,001), während es in der Kontrollgruppe im Vergleich zwischen Baseline und Monat 12 zu keiner Veränderung kam. Die Werte der Depressionsskala unterschieden sich nicht signifikant (p = 0,866). Bei der Dimension „Information“ des Zufriedenheitsfragebogens haben sich die Patienten in der IG nach 6 (p = 0,013) und 12 Monaten (p = 0,003) signifikant besser informiert gefühlt.

Diskussion

Ein positiver Effekt der teambasierten Versorgung auf den Verlauf von Depression und Angst bei Patienten mit einer seropositiven RA im Krankheitsschub konnte gezeigt werden.
Digital live imaging of intraoperative electrocochleography during cochlear implantation: the first 50 patients
Authors: Höing Benedikt , Eichler Theda , Juelly Viktoria , Meyer Moritz , Jung Lea , Waschkies Laura , Lang Stephan , Arweiler-Harbeck Diana
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Real-time visualization of intraoperative electrocochleography (ECochG) potentials via a digital microscope during cochlear implantation can provide direct feedback during electrode insertion. The aim of this prospective, randomized study of 50 patients was to obtain long-term data with a focus on residual hearing preservation and speech understanding.

Material and methods

Cochlear implantations were performed in 50 patients (26 female, 24 male) with residual hearing using a digital microscope. Patients were randomized into two groups. Intraoperative ECochG potentials were either displayed directly in the surgeon’s field of view (picture-in-picture display, PiP) or not directly in the field of view (without picture-in-picture display, without PiP). Residual hearing preservation and speech comprehension were recorded within a 1-year follow-up period, compared between groups (PiP versus without PiP) and to a control group of 26 patients implanted without ECochG.

Results

Mean insertion time was significantly longer in the picture-in-picture group (p = 0.025). Residual hearing preservation after 6 weeks at 250 Hz was significantly better in the picture-in-picture group (p = 0.017). After one year, 76% of patients showed residual hearing in the picture-in-picture group (62% without picture-in-picture technique, p = n.s.). Use of the picture-in-picture technique resulted in better long-term pure tone residual hearing preservation at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz. Speech intelligibility improved by 46% in the picture-in-picture group (38% without picture-in-picture).

Discussion

This study is the first to describe long-term results in a large cohort of cochlear implant patients in whom digital visualization of intraoperative ECochG was used. Our results show that visualization of intraoperative ECochG has a positive effect on residual hearing preservation.
Quantification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root colonization in wheat, tomato, and leek using absolute qPCR
Authors: Corona Ramírez Andrea , Symanczik Sarah , Gallusser Tabea , Bodenhausen Natacha
Published: August 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbioses with most terrestrial plants and are known to have a positive effect on plant growth and health. Different methodologies have been developed to assess the AMF-plant symbiosis. The most applied method, which involves staining of roots and microscopic observation of the AMF structures, is tedious and time-consuming and the results are highly dependent on the observer. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify AMF root colonization represents a reliable, high-throughput technique that allows the assessment of numerous samples. Quantification with qPCR can be performed through two methods: relative quantification and absolute quantification. In relative quantification, the target gene is normalized with a reference gene. On the other hand, absolute quantification involves the use of a standard curve, for which template DNA is serially diluted. In a previous paper, we validated the primer pair AMG1F and AM1 for a relative quantification approach to assess AMF root colonization in Petunia. Here, we tested the same primers with an absolute quantification approach and compared the results with the traditional microscopy method. We evaluated the qPCR method with three different crops, namely, wheat (cv. Colmetta and Wiwa), tomato, and leek. We observed a strong correlation between microscopy and qPCR for Colmetta (r = 0.90, p < 0.001), Wiwa (r = 0.94, p < 0.001), and tomato (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), but no correlation for leek (r = 0.27, p = 0.268). This highlights the importance of testing the primer pair for each specific crop.
Developmental dynamics of homoarginine, ADMA and SDMA plasma levels from birth to adolescence
Authors: Baach Florence , Meyer Boglarka , Oh Jun , Lezius Susanne , Böger Rainer , Schwedhelm Edzard , Choe Chi-un , Neu Axel
Published: August 2023

Guanidino compounds such as dimethylarginines (SDMA, ADMA) and L-homoarginine ((L-)hArg) can interfere with bioavailability and function of the main NO-donor L-arginine (L-Arg). High ADMA and SDMA but low L-hArg concentrations have been associated with cardio- and cerebrovascular events and mortality in adults. The role of guanidino compounds in paediatric patients remains less clear. We, therefore, compared guanidino compound levels in plasma samples of 57 individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 141 individuals without CKD from the age of 0 to 17 years, including patients with different comorbidities by correlation and regression analyses. We found highest hArg, SDMA and ADMA concentrations in neonates (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001 for all). From the age of 1 year on, hArg levels increased, whereas SDMA und ADMA levels further decreased in children. SDMA and ADMA are higher in children with CKD independent of GFR (mean factor 1.92 and 1.38, respectively, p < 0.001 for both), and SDMA is strongly correlated with creatinine concentration in children with CKD (Spearman’s rho 0.74, p < 0.001). We provide guanidino compound levels in a large sample covering all paediatric age groups for the first time. Our data can be used to assess the role of guanidino compounds such as hArg in disease states, i.e. cerebro- and cardiovascular disorders in childhood and adolescence.
Critical State Characterization of New Zealand East Coast Sand for Numerical Modeling
Authors: Bolarinwa Ademola , Kalatehjari Roohollah , Rashid Ahmad Safuan A.
Published: August 2023

This paper outlines the findings of a laboratory-based and numerical study to investigate the undrained flow failure behavior of East Coast Sand (ECS). ECS is a commonly encountered coastal deposit from the upper North Island of New Zealand. The study focused on establishing the undrained strength characteristics of ECS under static, triaxial compressive loading conditions, and at confining pressures in the range of typical engineering interest and for a range of soil densities considered in loosely deposited sands. The research objectives of establishing the basic soil properties and the intrinsic advanced geomechanical properties specific to ECS from Auckland were achieved through laboratory experiments and matching numerical simulations with an advanced critical-state compatible soil constitutive model (Norsand). The current work examined five different aspects of the ECS undrained behavior under static loads. It was shown that loosely deposited ECS within mean effective stresses ranging between 50 and 200 kPa was highly susceptible to expensive flow failures of structures built on or with them. The obtained approximate peak undrained shear strengths before failure and critical states were 29 kPa, 84 kPa, 130 kPa, and 200 kPa for test confining stresses of 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 200 kPa, and 300 kPa, respectively. Similarly, the corresponding excess pore water pressures were 48 kPa, 98 kPa, 200 kPa, and 240 kPa, respectively. The above results proved that the soil’s effective and confining stress are key determinants of the soil’s undrained shear strength characteristics which was consistent with the existing literature.
Conservation genetics of the steno-endemic Chorthippus lacustris (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: Toli Elisavet-Aspasia , Zacharopoulou Panoraia , Bounas Anastasios , Kati Vassiliki , Sotiropoulos Konstantinos
Published: August 2023

Invertebrate populations are amongst the most widespread species, inhabiting a variety of habitats, however there is limited conservation effort due to the scarce knowledge on their population genetics. Here, we assess levels of genetic diversity and population structure of the Epirus dancing grasshopper (Chorthippus lacustris), a steno-endemic species, located in Northwest Greece, exhibiting a fragmented distribution. By utilizing two mitochondrial genes and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), we detected moderate to high levels of genetic diversity of the focal populations. Haplotype network analysis revealed the existence of private haplotypes with low genetic differentiation suggesting a sudden expansion of the species in the study area with subsequent isolations on suitable habitats. Despite the low genetic differentiation between the studied populations, our data further suggest a subtle subdivision of the populations and the existence of three genetic clusters. Implications for insect conservation: Our study is the first to provide insights into the population genetics of the steno-endemic grasshopper C. lacustris, highlighting the importance of preserving focal populations. The species inhabits areas subject to high changes in land use and fragmentation. We argue that the preservation and management of suitable habitats is essential for the viability of the grasshopper populations.