bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Cold Case Homicide Survivors’ Perceptions of and Relationships With Law Enforcement
Authors: Wellman Ashley P. , Meitl Michele Bisaccia
Published: January 2020

Given the nature of unsolved homicide, a complicated dynamic exists between survivors of cold case homicides and law enforcement personnel. The current study utilizes interviews with 24 survivors to explore the perceptions associated with this relationship. Employing a grounded theory framework, we find several themes depicted within these narratives that guide survivors’ overall perceptions of their relationship with law enforcement, including investigative and communication efforts. Results indicate that the survivors universally perceive original detectives were incompetent or ineffective in their original investigation, thus leading to the unsolved status of their case. Over time, secondary and current investigators were also perceived as unable to properly investigate, due to challenges such as insufficient evidence or simply not conducting a comprehensive examination of the case. Regardless of this negative view of police activity on the case, relationships were defined by the level and nature of communication survivors had with their detective. Families who felt listened to, included, and/or valued reported a positive relationship with police that allowed them to trust their case was in good hands. Participants who perceived communication to be secretive, misleading, or completely absent noted strained relationships and further disappointment. Survivors may adopt roles, such as investigator, spokesperson, or advocate, to help compensate for their perception that the case is not properly cared for by police. With regard to grief progress and health of cold case homicide survivors, it is possible treatment by law enforcement outweighs the significant of case resolution years after the homicide. Recommendations for more productive survivor/police interactions are included.
Factors That Protect Children From Community Violence: Applying the INSPIRE Model to a Sample of South African Children
Authors: Falconer N. Suzanne , Casale Marisa , Kuo Caroline , Nyberg Beverly J. , Hillis Susan D. , Cluver Lucie Dale
Published: January 2020

Community violence is a prevalent form of interpersonal violence in South Africa for children living in low-income areas. Trauma arising from violence exposure is of concern in contexts where access to treatment is often unattainable. As simultaneous multisectoral strategies show higher potential to counter interpersonal violence than single interventions, the World Health Organization with partners created INSPIRE. INSPIRE takes an integrated approach coordinated across formal and informal settings of civil and private society. Responding to research paucity on methods that counter community violence in LMIC settings, this study employed a cross-sectional correlational design consisting of a sample of 2,477 children aged 10 to 17 years from the Young Carers 2009–2010 study conducted in a low-income, HIV-endemic province of South Africa highly affected by community violence. Multiple logistic regressions assessed individual and dose associations between four INSPIRE-based violence prevention strategies—positive parenting, basic necessities, formal social support, and school structural support—and direct and indirect community violence outcomes. Three strategies had significant associations with community violence outcomes: necessities (direct p < .001; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = .57; indirect p < .01; AOR = .62), formal support (direct p < .05; AOR = .83; indirect p < .05; AOR = .73), and school support (direct p < .001; AOR = .53; indirect p < .001; AOR = .49). Combined interventions in direct and indirect community violence analyses demonstrated that children reporting a higher number of strategies were less likely to have experienced community violence. This outcome extends the results of longitudinal studies in South Africa highlighting social protection with care as a means to overcome structural deprivation strains, thereby reducing the likelihood of children’s exposure to community violence. Moreover, these findings uphold the INSPIRE model as an effective cross-sectoral approach to prevent and reduce the community violence that children experience.
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: A Case Series of Male Pediatric Patients
Authors: Moore Jessica , Fitzgerald Meagan , Owens Timothy , Slingsby Brett , Barron Christine , Goldberg Amy
Published: January 2020

Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is the commercial sexual exploitation of children (<18 years old) who are U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents, victimized within U.S. borders. There is limited knowledge and research in regard to male involvement in DMST outside the context of homelessness and runaway youth. To our knowledge, no research specifically examines at-risk or involved male youth from a larger dataset of youth who present to a child abuse outpatient medical clinic. The objective of the present case series was to describe the demographic, psychosocial, medical, and psychiatric characteristics of natal male participants (who did not identify as transgender) suspected of DMST involvement. Six medical records of male patients under the age of 18 who were referred to a child protection clinic for concern of DMST involvement between 8/1/13 and 12/31/18 were retrospectively reviewed. Our case series demonstrates that male participants present for concern of sex trafficking and have complex behavioral, medical, and psychiatric concerns similar to what has been identified in research focused on female victims. Therefore, testing (e.g., sexually transmitted infection (STI)/HIV testing, urine toxicology screening), DMST screening, and interventions (e.g., STI prophylaxis, referrals to mental health counselors) should be completed in male patients.
Women’s Developmental Networks and Career Satisfaction: Developmental Functions as a Mediator
Authors: Chang Jihyun , Baek Pyounggu , Kim Taesung
Published: January 2020

The current research empirically examined the developmental networks of female workers and how the network configurations influence their subjective career success, with particular attention to the gender and status composition of the network along with other network characteristics. Data from 427 female workers with a college degree or higher in the Republic of Korea were analyzed using egocentric network analysis and structural equation modeling methods. The findings suggested that (a) the network characteristics of intimacy and network size showed a direct positive effect on career satisfaction, while contact frequency and network range showed a direct negative effect; (b) intimacy, network size, and developers’ status indirectly affected career satisfaction mediated by the function of role modeling, while career support and psychosocial support played no mediating role between network characteristics and career satisfaction; and (c) women benefited from relationships with higher status developers, regardless of their gender, mainly through enhanced role modeling. Based on these, practical implications and recommendations for future research were presented.
Effect of tip clearance dimension on unsteadiness in a low-reaction aspirated transonic compressor rotor
Authors: Zhu Wei , Cai Le , Wang Songtao , Wang Zhongqi
Published: January 2020

A three-dimensional, multi-passage unsteady numerical study was conducted to enhance the understanding of unsteady flow phenomena in the tip region of highly loaded compressors. The first-stage rotor of a three-stage transonic low-reaction compressor was chosen as the computational model. Three different tip clearance sizes were calculated to demonstrate the effect of the tip clearance dimension on the unsteadiness in the rotor tip region. It was found that the unsteadiness existed at the vicinity of the stall point when the tip clearance size was larger than the design value. The unsteadiness in the tip region appeared as a “multi-passage structure” in the nine-passage unsteady simulation and it propagated along the circumferential direction. Tip leakage vortex breakdown was the source of unsteady flow behavior. Besides, special attention was paid to the difference between the conventional transonic rotor and the low-reaction rotor. The scale of the flow separation downstream of the shock wave was controllable for the low-reaction rotor even at near-stall conditions. The boundary layer would reattach to the blade surface due to local axial acceleration. Finally, attempts were made to study the stall mechanism of the low-reaction rotor.
Stability boundary analysis of highly flexible aircraft with control saturation and structural flexibility
Authors: Xu Liang , Lu Yuping , Chen Boyi , Shen Haidong , He Zhen
Published: January 2020

In this work, a method has been presented to analyze the influence of control saturation and structural flexibility on the stable radius of highly flexible aircraft. A dynamic model of aircraft is constructed followed by the analysis of kinetic characteristics. In this paper, the closed-loop stability boundary of highly flexible aircraft with open-loop instability is studied. The amplitude limit and bandwidth limit of the control signal are considered in the closed-loop stability boundary calculation. Our analysis shows that the boundary is related to the left eigenvector corresponding to the unstable poles and the amplitude constraint of the control signals. Stability of the boundary of feedback control system further reduces the limitation of the bandwidth of actuators. Focused on the phugoid instability of highly flexible aircraft, computational formulation of the closed-loop stable boundary is achieved. The Monte Carlo analysis has been employed to validate the stable region, under the LQR controller. Both the theory and simulations have nice correlations with each other which verify the stability of the closed-loop system, restricted by the open-loop system, and the influence of control signal bandwidth constraints.
Numerical simulation of aeroacoustic noise from landing gear and rectangular cavity
Authors: Guo Zhifei , Liu Peiqing , Zhang Jin , Guo Hao
Published: January 2020

This paper is aimed at researching the interaction between aeroacoustic noise radiated from a rectangular cavity (gear bay) and from landing gear. It is a complicated flow-induced noise problem, involving the nonlinear, unsteady evolution of the turbulent structure inside the airflow bypassing the landing gear and the cavity. The generation and radiation mechanism of aeroacoustic noise are also concerned. In fact, it is a problem about the nonlinear interaction between the vortices shedding from the boundary layer of bluff bodies and the cavity-limited shear layer. To simplify this issue, a two-wheel landing gear named LAGOON is chosen as the landing gear model. The unsteady flow field and aerodynamic noise from it is simulated by applying the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. Good agreement is achieved between the numerical simulation and wind tunnel measurements in terms of the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic results. According to the size of LAGOON, a simple rectangular cavity is designed as the landing gear bay. Both the cavity combined with LAGOON and the cavity alone are simulated and compared. The results show that under the blocking effect of a strut, most small pieces of vortices at the trailing edge of the cavity bottom would dissipate rather than move forward along with the backflow, leading to the correlation of cavity resonance being more contrasting and increasing its amplitude. The blockage effect induced by rear wall could also enhance the turbulence kinetic energy at the wake of the strut, thus increasing the low-frequency noise radiated from the strut and cavity.
Prevalence, incidence, and distribution of human papillomavirus types in female sex workers in Kenya
Authors: Sweet Kristen , Bosire Claire , Sanusi Busola , Sherrod Carly J , Kwatampora Jessie , Waweru Wairimu , Mugo Nelly , Kimani Joshua , Ting Jie , Clark Jennifer , Dittmer Dirk P , Smith Jennifer S
Published: January 2020

Female sex workers (FSWs) have a notably high risk of acquiring human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. Relatively few studies address the type-specific prevalence and incidence of HPV among FSWs in sub-Saharan Africa. FSWs (n = 348) attending the Korogocho clinic in Nairobi, Kenya participated from August 2009 to March 2011. HPV DNA was detected using the SPF10-LiPA25 PCR assay. Baseline prevalence of HPV infection and cervical dysplasia were calculated, stratified by HIV-serostatus. Incidence rate (IR) of infection was calculated as number of new infections from baseline over person-months among 160 HPV-negative participants with complete 12-month follow-up. Baseline HPV prevalence was 23.6% for any HPV and 20.4% for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) types. Most prevalent types were HPV52 (10.1%), HPV35 (2.3%), and HPV51 (2.3%). A quarter (24%) of participants were HIV-positive. HPV prevalence was higher in HIV-positive (32.1%) than HIV-negative (20.8%) participants. hrHPV prevalence was higher in HIV-positive (27.4%) than HIV-negative (18.2%) women. During follow-up, HPV IR was 31.4 (95% CI: 23.8–41.5) for any HPV and 24.2 (95% CI: 17.9–32.8) for hrHPV types. HPV52 had the highest IR (6.0; 95% CI: 6.5–10.3). Overall HPV and hrHPV prevalence were lower than expected, but both prevalence and incidence were higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative women.
Dying for the cause: The rationality of martyrs, suicide bombers and self-immolators
Authors: Greenland Andrew , Proulx Damon , Savage David A
Published: January 2020

This article explores the impact that belief in an infinite afterlife has on end-of-life decisions, specifically on those viewed at the extreme, such as martyrs, suicide bombers and self-immolators. We extend a simplified expected utility-based model to include variations of infinitely rewarding afterlife’s and explore how this may impact the expected utility and rationality of earthly actions and decisions of individuals when the expected utility payoff is infinite. We show that the decision process for suicide and euthanasia is closely linked to martyrs, suicide bombers and self-immolators, such that all these individuals make rational decisions to regards to the end of their own life.
Internationally Adopted Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate—Consonant Proficiency and Perceived Velopharyngeal Competence at the Age of 5
Authors: Larsson AnnaKarin , Miniscalco Carmela , Mark Hans , Schölin Johnna Sahlsten , Jönsson Radi , Persson Christina
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To compare consonant proficiency, consonant errors, and the perceived velopharyngeal (VP) competence in internationally adopted (IA) children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and nonadopted (NA) children with the same cleft–palate type at age 5.

Design:

Case–control study based on phonetic transcriptions of standardized speech recordings of 5-year-olds at a tertiary hospital.

Participants:

Twenty-five IA children were compared to 20 NA children. All consecutive patients at a cleft lip and palate center participated.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Consonant proficiency was measured using percentage consonants correct, percentage consonants correct–adjusted for age, percentage correct place, percentage correct manner, and consonant inventory. Cleft speech characteristics (CSCs), developmental speech characteristics (DSCs), and the perceived VP competence were also measured.

Results:

The IA children had significantly lower values for all consonant proficiency variables ( p < .05) and a smaller consonant inventory ( p = .001) compared to the NA children. The IA children had a higher frequency of CSCs (IA = 84%, NA = 50%, p < .05) and DSCs (IA = 92%, NA = 65%, p = .057), and twice as many IA children as NA children had perceived VP incompetence (IA = 52%, NA = 25%, p = .17).

Conclusions:

Severe speech disorder was more common in IA children than in NA children at age 5. Most importantly, the speech disorders seem to be not only cleft-related. More detailed speech assessments with a broader focus are needed for IA children with UCLP. Longitudinal studies are recommended to further investigate the impact of speech difficulties in IA children’s daily lives.
Parenting Stress in Turkish Mothers of Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Boztepe Handan , Çınar Sevil , Özgür, MD Fatma Figen
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To explore parenting stress and factors affecting the mothers of infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Turkey.

Design and Participants:

The study compared mothers of infants born with CL/P (n = 90) with mothers of healthy infants (n = 90). Mothers completed the data collection form, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Results:

Mothers of infants born with CL/P had higher mean parenting stress scores than the control mothers. A significant negative relationship was found between social support and parenting stress for mothers of infants born with CL/P but was not related for control mothers. Among mothers with an infant with CL/P, the mean parenting stress scores were higher for mothers preoperatively than mothers responding postoperatively. Among mothers with an infant with a cleft, higher stress was found for diagnosis after birth, not breastfeeding, feeding difficulties, lack of fathers’ support, perceived difficult infant temperament, blame, anger, and concern for the future.

Conclusion:

Parenting stress was higher and social support was lower for mothers of infants with a cleft. Treatment teams can design interventions aimed at factors related to stress, such as addressing feeding issues, teaching coping skills, and linking to social support.
The SNP rs560426 Within ABCA4-ARHGAP29 Locus and the Risk of Nonsyndromic Oral Clefts
Authors: Wu-Chou Yah-Huei , Chen Kuo-Ting Philip , Lu Yi-Chieh , Lin Yin-Ting , Chang Hsien-Fang , Lo Lun-Jou
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Nonsyndromic oral clefts are common birth defect with complex etiology. In the present study, we attempt to further validate the possible role for ABCA4 and ARHGAP29 in the susceptibility to nonsyndromic oral clefts.

Design:

We performed allelic transmission disequilibrium test analysis, on 10 eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and SNP haplotypes using the Family-Based Association Test.

Participants:

The study sample consisted of 334 case–parent trios of nonsyndromic oral clefts from Taiwanese population, separated into nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) groups.

Results:

We found only the SNP rs560426 within the ABCA4 gene showed strong association with NSCPO ( P = .03498; Permuted P = .05382). No association between other 9 selected SNPs in ABCA4-ARHGAP29 region and the risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts was found. For the haplotype analyses, we found only haplotype T-C (rs570926 and rs3789431) in ABCA4 block 2 showed significant association with nonsyndromic NSCL/P in these Taiwanese trios.

Conclusions:

We used a family-based analysis in 334 Taiwanese case–parent trios to validate the possible role for ABCA4 and ARHGAP29 in the susceptibility to nonsyndromic oral clefts. This study provides a new evidence for an association between the intron variant rs560426 within ABCA4 and nonsyndromic cleft palate which may contribute their regulatory role in craniofacial development.
Nonlinear vibration behavior of a carry current ferromagnetic beam plate under magnetic fields and thermal loads
Authors: Tahmasebi Elham , Ashrafi Khorasani Nariman , Imam Ali
Published: January 2020

In order to study the magnetoelastic instability and natural frequency of a ferromagnetic plate under a magnetic field, different magnetic force models are considered. In the present study, considering more realistic assumptions, new equations for the study of the vibrational behavior of ferromagnetic beam plates carrying the electric current in the magnetic field are presented by employing the theory of Eringen and Maxwell relations. Conclusively, the effects of magnetic traction and thermal fields created by electric current and eddy currents are taken into account. The coupled nonlinear differential equations of the system are separated by the Galerkin method and solved numerically. The numerical results are compared with the results in the literature, and the effect of different parameters on the vibration characteristics of the soft ferromagnetic beam plate is investigated. The results show that the components of the force that are created by magnetic tractions, as well as the assumption of thermal couplings, can significantly change the vibrational behavior of the plates. Also, by increasing the intensity of the electric current and the magnetic field, the amplitude of the oscillations of the plate is increased and instability occurs for certain values of these parameters in the system.
Symplectic analysis on orbit-attitude coupling dynamic problem of spatial rigid rod
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Yin Tingting , Zheng Wei , Deng Zichen
Published: January 2020

An orbit-attitude coupling dynamic model for the spatial rigid rod that is abstracted from the large-stiffness slender components widely used in spatial structures is established, and the symplectic method is used to estimate the validity of the dynamic model by analyzing the coupling dynamic behaviors of the rod in this work. Based on the Hamiltonian variational principle, the orbit-attitude dynamic model of the spatial rigid rod is proposed, and the canonical form of the model is presented first. Then, the symplectic Runge–Kutta method is developed, and the structure-preserving properties of the canonical form, including the conservation law of energy and conservative property in the phase space, are investigated to illustrate the validity of the numerical results obtained by the symplectic Runge–Kutta method subsequently. Finally, the effects of the nonspherical perturbations of the Earth on the coupling dynamic behaviors are investigated numerically. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the main orbit-attitude coupling dynamic behaviors of the spatial large-stiffness slender component excited by the nonspherical perturbation can be described by the proposed dynamic model ignoring the deformation as well as the transverse vibration of the slender component, which provides an approach for simplifying rapid dynamic analysis on the spatial large-stiffness slender component. In addition, the validity and the structure-preserving properties of the symplectic Runge–Kutta method for the orbit-attitude coupling dynamic problem of the spatial rigid rod are also illustrated.
Elaborative Reminiscing and Child Receptive Language in the Context of Maltreatment: The Moderating Role of Maternal Sensitivity
Authors: Fondren Kaitlin , Speidel Ruth , McDonnell Christina G. , Valentino Kristin
Published: January 2020

This study investigated whether the effect of maternal elaborative reminiscing on child language is moderated by maternal sensitivity and whether this association depends on children’s experience of maltreatment. A total of 236 mothers and their 3- to 7-year-old children (mean age = 5 years) were observed interacting with experimenter-provided toys in the lab and at home, and maternal sensitivity was coded from these interactions. Of that, 155 of the children had a history of maltreatment with the mother being named a perpetrator, and the remaining dyads were demographically matched with no history of maltreatment. Dyads were also asked to discuss four past emotional events, and these conversations were coded for maternal elaborative reminiscing. Children and mothers participated in an assessment of receptive language. Findings revealed an unqualified positive main effect of elaborative reminiscing on children’s receptive language in the nonmaltreating families. However, for maltreated children, elaborative reminiscing was only associated with higher child receptive language when mothers were also more sensitive. These findings indicate that, in the context of maltreatment, both elaborative reminiscing and more general aspects of the quality of the parent–child relationship are important for facilitating child receptive language.
Colorimetric aptasensor for detecting Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli in meat samples
Authors: Ledlod Sudarat , Areekit Supatra , Santiwatanakul Somchai , Chansiri Kosum
Published: January 2020

In this study, we successfully developed a simple and rapid method for simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli using gold nanoparticles and the aptamer aptasensor. We screened 25 specific DNA aptamer candidates against these pathogens using whole-cell Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment. Among them, Ap6 was selected due to its low energy minimization values of −12.25 and −27.67 kcal/mol derived from MFold and RNAFold analysis, respectively. The assay presented in this study allowed the visual colorimetric detection of labeled colloidal gold nanoparticles as well as determination of UV absorbance at 625 and 525 nm under optimized conditions. The detection limit of this aptasensor was as less as 105 CFU/ml. A random investigation of 50 meat samples, including ham and chicken sausages, collected from the local market revealed 96% accuracy, 96% specificity, and 100% sensitivity of the assay. The colorimetric aptasensor can accomplish one-step detection without pre-culture, DNA extraction, and amplification. Hence, it is an easy, rapid, specific, and qualitative assay that can be used as a point-of-care testing to directly detect multiplex foodborne pathogens.
Vibration analysis of the multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced doubly curved laminated composite shallow shell panels: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Subramani Mageshwaran , Ramamoorthy Manoharan
Published: January 2020

In this study, free and forced vibration analysis of the multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced doubly curved laminated composite shallow shell panels has been performed. The governing differential equation of motion of the doubly curved laminated composite shallow shell panel is formulated using higher order shear deformation theory with the Lagrangian approach. In a finite element formulation , the mathematical model is derived with a nine-node quadrilateral element considering seven degrees of freedom at each node. The efficiency of the present finite element model (FEM) is demonstrated and compared by validating the results with the available literature, and it is also compared with the experimental measurements of the cylindrical laminated composite shell panel with and without multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforcement. Material properties of the laminated composite structure with and without multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforcements are evaluated through the impulse excitation vibration test in accordance with the ASTM E1876-15. The influence of multi-walled carbon nanotube on the stiffness and structural integrity of the curved laminated composite shallow shell panels is also studied in terms of natural frequencies. Parametric analysis for the multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced doubly curved laminated composite shallow panel is performed to study the influence of radius of curvature, shell geometry, thickness ratio, aspect ratio, stacking sequence, and the boundary conditions on structural performance. The forced vibration behavior of the curved composite shallow shell panel is studied with the different geometry configuration, and the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotube in the transverse vibration response is also studied. It has been concluded that the rigidity and structural performance of the doubly curved laminated composite shell panels are enhanced with the reinforcement of multi-walled carbon nanotube.
Structure of the Mini-K-J and Its Utility for Measuring Fast Life History Traits in Japanese Undergraduate Students
Authors: Kiire Satoru
Published: January 2020

Life history theory is useful for taking an evolutionary approach to individual differences. An individual’s life history strategy (LHS), based on life history theory, can be measured using the Arizona Life History Battery or a part of it—the Mini-K—as the K-factor. In this study, I examined two research questions regarding the Japanese version of the Mini-K (i.e., Mini-K-J). First, I assessed the construct validity and invariance between sexes of the Mini-K-J because there existed issues with the factor structure of the original Mini-K. These issues were addressed in the original Mini-K, but not in the Japanese version. In particular, I examined whether the instrument consists of a single higher order factor (K-factor) and whether sex invariance exists in the factor structure, following Richardson et al. Second, I assessed criterion validity of the Mini-K-J. In particular, I examined whether the Mini-K-J could capture fast LHS traits in Japanese undergraduates because the Mini-K-J has been validated only using slow LHS traits. The results showed that (1) the Mini-K-J generated a single higher order factor (i.e., K-factor) and five first-order factors, (2) there existed sex invariance of the factor structure, and (3) the higher order K-factor mean might have a different meaning between sexes. These results predominately support Richardson et al. Further, the higher order K-factor of the Mini-K-J could capture fast LHS personality traits. These results suggest that the Mini-K-J would be useful for future studies related to LHS.
Effects of spirituality training on the moral sensitivity of nursing students: A clinical randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jalili Fereshteh , Saeidnejad Zahra , Aghajani Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Training nurses on spiritual principles and values helps to stimulate moral imagery and a deep understanding of moral problems in them. However, spirituality issue was not included in ethical educational content. There was still no interventional study on the effect of spirituality education on ethical sensitivity. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spirituality training on moral sensitivity of nursing students. A randomized controlled trial design was used. Data were collected by a moral sensitivity questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher, independent and paired t-test in SPSS 13v. This research was performed on 60 nursing students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2018. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group was under the spirituality group training in seven 60 min sessions. The control group was traditionally trained. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant in the moral sensitivity score ( p < 0.0001). A significant difference was observed between the mean of moral sensitivity score of the intervention group, before and after the training ( p < 0.001), while no significant change was observed in the control group, before and after the study ( p = 0.93). The spirituality education increased the moral sensitivity of nursing students. That provides a new perspective on the role and effect of spirituality education on the ethical sensitivity of nursing students.
Comparative Effectiveness of Endovascular Treatment Modalities for De Novo Femoropopliteal Lesions: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Zhihui , Lin Shaomang , Xiao Jianbin , Ai Wenjia , Wang Junwei , Li Yangyong , Li Qiang
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To report the results of a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing multiple endovascular treatments for de novo femoropopliteal lesions. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched on June 1, 2019, for prospective RCTs comparing 14 treatments [ie, atherectomy, brachytherapy, cryoplasty, cutting balloons, drug-coated balloons, bare nitinol stents, drug-eluting stents (DES), covered stents (CS), and combinations] in the treatment of de novo femoropopliteal lesions. Outcomes were technical success; binary restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 6, 12, and/or 24 months; and all-cause mortality at 12 months. Ultimately, 53 articles reporting on 45 studies (91 study arms; 5565 patients) were selected. For the technical success outcome, all types of stents, all balloons, and all atherectomy devices were aggregated in stent, balloon, and atherectomy technology groups, respectively. Results: In terms of technical success for aggregated treatment types, stent technology was the most effective treatment and was better than balloon and atherectomy technologies. In terms of binary restenosis, DES was the most effective single treatment at the 6- and 12-month follow-up and CS at the 24-month follow-up. Both DES and CS were better than the majority of other single treatments, including balloon angioplasty, cutting balloon, cryoplasty, directional atherectomy, and bare nitinol stent during all follow-up periods. In terms of TLR, DES was the second most effective single treatment and the most effective single treatment at the 6- and 12-month follow-up intervals; CS was the most effective single treatment at the 24-month follow-up. Both DES and CS were better than the majority of other single treatments. The 12-month all-cause mortality of both DES and CS were similar to other treatments, whereas cryoplasty seemed to be the least effective treatment with regard to binary restenosis and TLR. Conclusion: Both DES and CS had substantial advantages in terms of restenosis and TLR in femoropopliteal lesions and were similar to aggregate stent technology in terms of technical success. DES performed better within 12 months after operation and CS at ~24 months, but neither had much advantage in terms of mortality. In contrast, cryoplasty seemed to be a less effective treatment.
Impact of IVUS-Derived Vessel Size on Midterm Outcomes After Stent Implantation in Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Miki Kojiro , Fujii Kenichi , Tanaka Takamasa , Yanaka Koji , Yoshihara Nagataka , Nishimura Machiko , Sumiyoshi Akinori , Horimatsu Tetsuo , Imanaka Takahiro , Fukunaga Masashi , Akahori Hirokuni , Masuyama Tohru , Ishihara Masaharu
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To identify intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings that predict midterm stent patency in femoropopliteal (FP) lesions. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 335 de novo FP lesions in 274 consecutive patients (mean age 72.4±8.2 years; 210 men) who had IVUS assessment before and after successful stent implantation. The mean lesion length was 13.2±9.8 cm. The primary outcome was primary patency at 24 months, defined as freedom from major adverse limb event (MALE) and in-stent restenosis (ISR). MALE was defined as major amputation or any target lesion revascularization (TLR). ISR was defined by a peak systolic velocity ratio >2.4 by duplex ultrasonography. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of stent patency at 24 months; the results are presented as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold for prediction of stent patency at 24 months. Results: Over the 24-month follow-up, 18 (7%) patients died and 43 (15%) of 286 lesions were responsible for MALE (42 TLRs and 1 major amputation). Primary patency was estimated at 82.5% (95% CI 78.1% to 86.9%) at 12 months and 73.2% (95% CI 67.9% to 78.5%) at 24 months. Multivariable analysis revealed that longer lesion length (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p<0.01) was an independent predictor of declining patency, while cilostazol use (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.10 to 10.78, p=0.03) and increasing distal reference external elastic membrane (EEM) area (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37, p=0.03) were associated with midterm stent patency. ROC curve analysis identified a distal reference EEM area of 29.0 mm2 as the optimal cut-point for prediction of 24-month stent patency (area under the ROC curve 0.764). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 24-month primary patency were 83.7% (95% CI 78.3% to 89.2%) in lesions with a distal EEM area >29.0 mm2 vs 53.1% (95% CI 42.9% to 63.3%) in those with a distal EEM area ≤29.0 mm2 (p<0.001). Conclusion: In FP lesions with a larger distal vessel area estimated with IVUS, stent implantation can be considered as a reasonable treatment option, with the likelihood of acceptable midterm results.
Readiness assessment of information integration in a hospital using an analytic network process method for decision-making in a healthcare network
Authors: Lancharoen Soontorn , Suksawang Poonpong , Naenna Thanakorn
Published: January 2020

This study contributes to the promotion of healthcare information integration and readiness assessment of the factors impacted by quality improvement in hospital performance, which is beneficial for developing the healthcare industry because errors or integrated information can significantly affect the safety of patients and their confidence in the healthcare system. This research method is proposed to identify and confirm capability factors after readiness assessment with empirical testing, and the data were collected from hospitals in Thailand. An analytic network process was used as a tool for calculating and testing the readiness assessment of the integrated information results. The results show factor improvement of information integration and effects on the performance of hospitals in the healthcare industry. Three capability factors were found to have a significant impact on information integration and hospital performance. The model analysis suggests that the identified capability factors (organizational, group and individual) should be improved with regard to information integration, which is used to evaluate performance in the healthcare industry, and this risk assessment may be useful in other relevant industries.
The impact of neuroimaging advancement on neurocognitive evaluation in pediatric brain tumor survivors: A review
Authors: Fan Juan , Milosevic Ronald , Li Jiefei , Bai Jianjun , Zhang Yuqi
Published: January 2020

Pediatric brain tumors are a type of tumors that are commonly present in children and young adults. With the improvement of treatment, the quality of life, especially the cognitive functioning, is gaining increasingly more attention. Apart from cognitive evaluations, neuroimaging studies begin to play an important part in neurocognitive functioning investigation. In this way, the brain tissue changes caused by tumor variables (including tumor location and tumor size) and treatment variables (including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) can be detected by neuroimaging. Recent advancement of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional-MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), made great contributions to understanding cognitive dysfunction and quantifying the effects of tumor variables and treatment variables. In recent years, laminar-fMRI provided a potentially valuable tool for examining the exact origins of neural activity and cognitive function. On the other hand, molecular fMRI might guide diagnosis and treatment of brain disease in the future by using new biomarkers, and DTI can detect white matter changes and obtain some anatomically specific information.
The gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Meng Lanxia , Yuan Xin , Cao Xuebing , Zhang Zhentao
Published: January 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Its pathological markers include Lewy bodies and Lewy neuritis, which primarily affect the substantia nigra. However, in recent years, mounting evidence suggests that PD is a multifocal neurodegenerative process that influences several neuronal structures aside from the substantia nigra, one of which is the enteric nervous system. Many clinical studies have reported that patients with PD experience gastrointestinal dysfunction for many years before the onset of motor symptoms. Emerging evidence indicates that α-synuclein deposition may start in the enteric nervous system and then propagate to the central nervous system. The gut-brain axis plays an important role in PD pathogenesis. Recent evidence suggests that these interactions may be primarily affected by the intestinal microbiota. In this review, the authors discuss recent research, and illustrate how changes in the composition of the gut microbiota may trigger inflammation, thus contributing to neurodegeneration in PD.
Can Flu-Like Absenteeism in Kindergartens Be Reduced Through Hand Hygiene Training for Both Parents and Their Kindergarteners?
Authors: Or Peggy Pui-Lai , Ching Patricia Tai-Yin , Chung Joanne Wai-Yee
Published: January 2020

Background: Hand hygiene has been found as an effective method to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Parents, however, were found to have inadequate knowledge, reporting skills, and parenting practices related to seasonal influenza. The aim of our study was to investigate if there was any correlation between the flu infection among parents and their kindergarteners and ascertain the effectiveness of using hand hygiene interventions in kindergartens to lower kindergarteners’ absenteeism attributable to seasonal flu. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. Fifteen kindergartens were randomly selected from the kindergarten lists in different districts displayed on the Hong Kong government website. From these 15 kindergartens, parents and their kindergarteners were then randomly selected to participate in our hand hygiene program. To support the validity of the program, the WHO hand hygiene checklist was used to ensure sufficient coverage of the objectives. All kindergarteners attended 45-minute session for 4 weeks, while their parents attended a separate session lasting 1 hour. Parents monitored their kindergartners on a daily basis for any flu symptoms and kindergartens monitored their school attendance. Results: The study results showed that kindergarteners with strong parenting and proper hand hygiene compliance had fewer recorded signs and symptoms of flu-like illnesses. Our findings also showed that the kindergarteners’ absence rates in all participating kindergartens owing to flu decreased from 21.5% to 12% of the study period in 3 months. Conclusion: It was found that the flu infection rates of the parents and their kindergarteners were significantly correlated with P = .005. The awareness and personal hygiene skills of the parents and kindergarteners were both raised after the program. The findings in this study supported that positive parenting on hand hygiene can help reduce kindergarteners’ flu-like absenteeism.
Development of Communication and Sport in China Based on Mapping of Knowledge Information Visualization
Authors: Wei Yang , Zhang Huihong , Yin Hongsong
Published: January 2020

In China, since the beginning of the 21st century, the study of sports communication has gradually attracted the attention of the academic community, and a number of valuable achievements have emerged. The 2,863 articles that were published by core journals of sport communication from 1982 to 2018 and collected from the CNKI database were chosen as research objects. This article used CitespaceV software to analyze productivity, hot domains, and frontiers in China sport communication research by the methods of bibliometrics method, co-occurrence analysis, and word of frequency analysis. We aimed to grasp the dynamic process of China sport communication research development and provide a valuable reference for its theoretical research and practice. It was shown that first, sport communication researches in China started late but grew fast. Second, the research hotspot of sport communication was related to communication, culture, big data, network, and so on. Third, sport communication research was mainly carried out by universities of sport and communication schools of colleges and universities. Researches were centered around pluralistic, international, and technological aspects with “sport communication” as the focus in drawing experiences from the international sports communication and improve the Chinese sport communication. Rich knowledge and innovative ideas were needed to do the future researches.
Refractory Donor-Site Seroma Following DIEP Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Stephens Trina V. , Van Laeken Nancy , Macadam Sheina A.
Published: January 2020

Donor-site seroma formation is a complication of autologous breast reconstruction reported most commonly with the use of latissimus dorsi flaps. First-line treatment is percutaneous aspiration which leads to resolution in the majority of cases. Those that persist may progress to a chronic, refractory seroma, which can prove challenging in terms of treatment. The aim of this article is to provide an updated literature review of interventions for chronic donor-site seroma and present the case of a 65-year-old female with a recalcitrant abdominal seroma following deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. Literature review revealed a single article that reported 2 cases of persistent donor-site seroma after DIEP flap breast reconstruction. The patient presented here underwent repeat aspiration, drain placement, and multiple surgical procedures to achieve resolution. In total, the post-reconstruction seroma history of the patient extended over approximately 14 months. We conclude with evidence-based suggestions for chronic, donor-site seroma prevention and treatment.
Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma: diagnosis, progression, and correlation with functional tests
Authors: Triolo Giacinto , Rabiolo Alessandro
Published: January 2020

The present review will summarize the most updated findings with regards to optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucoma, highlighting their clinical use for detection and monitoring of the disease, and their correlation to functional tests (such as visual field) widely employed in the asset of modern glaucoma clinics.
Bispecific and split CAR T cells targeting CD13 and TIM3 eradicate acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: He Xin , Feng Zijie , Ma Jian , Ling Sunbin , Cao Yan , Gurung Buddha , Wu Yuan , Katona Bryson W. , O’Dwyer Kienan P. , Siegel Don L. , June Carl H. , Hua Xianxin
Published: January 2020

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have radically improved the treatment of B cell–derived malignancies by targeting CD19. The success has not yet expanded to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We developed a Sequentially Tumor-Selected Antibody and Antigen Retrieval (STAR) system to rapidly isolate multiple nanobodies (Nbs) that preferentially bind AML cells and empower CAR T cells with anti-AML efficacy. STAR-isolated Nb157 specifically bound CD13, which is highly expressed in AML cells, and CD13 CAR T cells potently eliminated AML in vitro and in vivo. CAR T cells bispecific for CD13 and TIM3, which are upregulated in AML leukemia stem cells, eradicated patient-derived AML, with much reduced toxicity to human bone marrow stem cells and peripheral myeloid cells in mouse models, highlighting a promising approach for developing effective AML CAR T cell therapy.