bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kampf der Hefen – Wie ein natürliches Killertoxin dabei hilft, tRNA‐Modifikationen zu untersuchen
Authors: Kaduhr Lars , Hawer Harmen
Published: August 2020

Um in der Natur einen Wachstumsvorteil gegenüber anderen Hefen zu erlangen, produzieren manche Milchhefen ein Killertoxin namens Zymocin. Im Labor kann isoliertes Zymocin verwendet werden, um das Wachstumsverhalten verschiedener Hefen in Anwesenheit des Toxins zu untersuchen. Aber wie kommt es, dass manche Hefen sensitiv und andere resistent auf das Toxin reagieren, und was hat das eigentlich mit tRNAs zu tun?
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Bronsema Viola
Published: August 2020

Wissenschaft & Gesellschaft

Access and Benefit Sharing

German Nagoya Protocol HUB

Rechenschaft

Jahresbericht 2019

Landesverbände

Karl von Frisch‐Preise 2020

Bundesdelegiertenkonferenz 2020
Die Analyse‐Paralyse
Authors: Hauk Andrea
Published: August 2020

Fehlentscheidungen sind menschlich. Wir aber lassen in unserer neuen Serie „Management‐Fallstricke“ einmal die Tiere zu Wort kommen. In Form von Fabeln vermittelt unsere Autorin Andrea Hauk in anschaulicher Weise typische Denkfehler, die auf allen Managementebenen zu Hause sind. Vielleicht sind Sie ja selbst auch schon einmal in die eine oder andere Falle getappt?
Sisal: Eine Naturfaser im Aufwind
Authors: Rösemann Ulrich
Published: August 2020

Lange Jahre wurde Sisal als Naturfaser vernachlässigt und verschwand fast gänzlich vom Markt. Mit dem Trend zu mehr Ökologie widerfährt ihr jetzt ein Comeback. Die Faser stammt von der Agave sisaliana (Abbildung 1), eine der dreihundert Arten umfassenden Agaven aus der Familie der Spargelgewächse. Ursprünglich in den Trockengebieten des mexikanischen Hochlandes beheimatet erhielt sie ihren Namen von der kleinen Hafenstadt Sisal, die 55 Kilometer nordwestlich von Mérida auf der Halbinsel Yukatan in Mexiko liegt. Mittlerweile gibt es in vielen subtropischen und tropischen Ländern wie Kenia, Tansania, Madagaskar und Brasilien große Anbaugebiete. Größter Produzent ist Brasilien mit einer Produktion von ca. 130.000 Tonnen im Jahr 2013.
A rational approach to improving titer in Escherichia coli‐based cell‐free protein synthesis reactions
Authors: Colant Noelle , Melinek Beatrice , Teneb Jaime , Goldrick Stephen , Rosenberg William , Frank Stefanie , Bracewell Daniel G.
Published: August 2020

Cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) is an established method for rapid recombinant protein production. Advantages like short synthesis times and an open reaction environment make CFPS a desirable platform for new and difficult‐to‐express products. Most recently, interest has grown in using the technology to make larger amounts of material. This has been driven through a variety of reasons from making site specific antibody drug conjugates, to emergency response, to the safe manufacture of toxic biological products. We therefore need robust methods to determine the appropriate reaction conditions for product expression in CFPS. Here we propose a process development strategy for Escherichia coli lysate‐based CFPS reactions that can be completed in as little as 48 hr. We observed the most dramatic increases in titer were due to the E. coli strain for the cell extract. Therefore, we recommend identifying a high‐producing cell extract for the product of interest as a first step. Next, we manipulated the plasmid concentration, amount of extract, temperature, concentrated reaction mix pH levels, and length of reaction. The influence of these process parameters on titer was evaluated through multivariate data analysis. The process parameters with the highest impact on titer were subsequently included in a design of experiments to determine the conditions that increased titer the most in the design space. This proposed process development strategy resulted in superfolder green fluorescent protein titers of 0.686 g/L, a 38% improvement on the standard operating conditions, and hepatitis B core antigen titers of 0.386 g/L, a 190% improvement.
Ferritinophagy is not required for colon cancer cell growth
Authors: Hasan Mazen , Reddy Sreedhar M. , Das Nupur K.
Published: August 2020

Ferritinophagy is a form of selective autophagy responsible for degrading intracellular ferritin, mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). NCOA4 plays significant roles in systemic iron homeostasis, and its disruption leads to simultaneous anemia and susceptibility to iron overload. The importance of iron colorectal cancer pathogenesis is well studied; however, the role of ferritinophagy in colon cancer cell growth has not been assessed. Disruption of ferritinophagy via NCOA4 knockout leads to only marginal differences in growth under basal and iron‐restricted conditions. Moreover, NCOA4 played no significant role in cell death induced by 5‐fluorouracil and erastin. Western blotting analysis for ferritin and transferrin receptor 1 found a dose‐dependent effect on expression in both proteins in wild‐type and NCOA4 knockout cell lines, but further investigation revealed no difference in growth response when treated at both high and low doses. Our data demonstrate a marginal role for ferritinophagy in growth both under normal and cytotoxic conditions in colon cancer cells, as well as a possible compensatory mechanism in colon cancer cells in response to ferroptosis induction.
Understanding and treating pediatric noncardiac chest pain
Authors: Jandasek Barbara
Published: August 2020

Experiences of pain, especially chest pain, can be not only uncomfortable but also frightening. Among children and adolescents, symptoms of chest pain are relatively common, affecting about one in 10 youth. Chest pain symptoms can vary widely in presentation, in terms of their quality, frequency, severity, and history. When presenting during childhood and adolescence, chest pain rarely signifies a cardiac or health problem. Identifiable causes of chest pain typically are related to underlying pulmonary or gastrointestinal conditions. Less than 5% of pediatric chest pain cases are estimated to be related to actual heart disease. The vast majority of cases of chest pain, estimated at 80% to 85%, are benign and are described as “idiopathic,” with an unknown cause. These cases are generally labeled as noncardiac chest pain (NCCP).
West Virginia ordered to allow father on Suboxone to adopt
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2020

If you are taking medication to treat addiction, the state cannot use that to ban you from adopting a child. That's the underlying message in a landmark ruling against the West Virginia Bureau of Children and Families (BCF) by the federal government. The case involved an adoptive father taking Suboxone.
Children need school, but under pandemic, how?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2020

Our deadline for this issue was mid‐July, so the best we can do is report on what was current then: a July 9 JAMA letter from Rita Rubin, “School Superintendents Confront COVID‐19—‘There Are No Good Options for Next Year,’” and recommendations from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) on how schools should open safely, if they do, during the pandemic.
Thermochemical Energy Storage Performances of Steel Slag‐Derived CaO‐Based Composites
Authors: Bai Shengbin , Zhou Yue , Chen Yuning , Wang Zhiqiang , Sun Jian , Zhao Chuanwen
Published: August 2020

Low‐cost and easily scaled‐up acidification is a potential synthesis approach to produce CaO‐based composites derived from steel slag for thermal energy storage/release via multicyclic calcination/carbonation. Acid concentration, acidification temperature, and acidification duration were comparatively investigated. The cyclic thermal energy storage/release properties of such composites are closely related to the acidification parameters, mainly attributed to the differences in the composition of the synthetic composites under different acidification conditions. The synergistic effect of the increased Ca and Mg content as well as the reduced content of Si and Fe within the composites contributes to improve their cyclic thermal energy storage/release performance.
Extraction of information about structural changes in a semisolid pharmaceutical formulation from near‐infrared and Raman images by multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares and ComDim
Authors: Mitsutake Hery , Neves Marina De Géa , Rutledge Douglas N. , Poppi Ronei Jesus , Breitkreitz Márcia Cristina
Published: August 2020

Solid dispersions are an interesting option to improve the solubility of Class II (high permeability, low water solubility) drugs of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System without the use of organic solvents. However, structural changes (polymorphism) may be present in both active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients, which require evaluation during pharmaceutical development. Thus, the aim of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of using Raman and near‐infrared (NIR) mapping associated with multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) and common components and specific weights analysis (CCSWA or ComDim) chemometric methods to assess the solid dispersions of atorvastatin calcium in Gelucire® 48/16 under controlled (3.0 ± 1.0°C, sealed flask) and accelerated (33.0 ± 1.0°C, 75% of relative humidity, open flask) aging conditions. MCR‐ALS allowed the identification of the amorphous and crystalline fractions of the drug within the solid dispersion, which is not easily achieved by traditional techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray diffraction, especially for semisolid formulations. ComDim results indicated that Raman seemed more sensitive to the presence of the API, whereas NIR was found to be more sensitive to alterations in the spectra of the excipient. The use of the ComDim method is not yet widespread in the pharmaceutical area; therefore, this paper shows its potential to support pharmaceutical development in preformulation stages for stability studies.
Destabilizing Alkaline Water with 3d‐Metal (Oxy)(Hydr)Oxides for Improved Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: You Bo , Qiao Shi Zhang
Published: August 2020

Alkaline water electrolysis enables the use of nonprecious metal‐based catalysts and therefore holds great promise for large‐scale generation of renewable hydrogen fuel, especially when driven by renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. However, the sluggish kinetics of the water adsorption and dissociation steps in the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) lower its energy conversion efficiency. Recent achievements have proved that 3d‐metal (oxy)(hydr)oxides can accelerate these two kinetic processes and thereby improve the activity of diverse HER electrocatalysts from experimental and theoretical points of view. Moreover, a positive role of strong coupling between HER catalysts and 3d‐metal (oxy)(hydr)oxides has been discovered recently. In this minireview, a compendious introduction to recent progress is provided, including experiments and theory. Remarks on the challenges and perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also provided.
Enantioselective Alkynylation of Isatins: A Combination of Metal Catalysis and Organocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Dan , Tang Pei , Tan Qiuyuan , Yang Zhao , He Ling , Zhang Min
Published: August 2020

An efficient and catalytic asymmetric alkynylation of isatins has been developed using a bifunctional amidophosphine‐urea/AgBF4 complex as the catalyst. By a combination of metal catalysis and organocatalysis, excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) and good yields are achieved. A wide range of both terminal alkynes and isatins are tolerated by this new catalyst system, providing access to structurally diverse propargylic alcohols with tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers in high efficiency.
Ultrathin Mn Doped Ni‐MOF Nanosheet Array for Highly Capacitive and Stable Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Zheng Dengchao , Wen Hao , Sun Xun , Guan Xin , Zhang Jie , Tian Wenli , Feng Hao , Wang Hongjing , Yao Yadong
Published: August 2020

In this study, we demonstrate that an Mn‐doped ultrathin Ni‐MOF nanosheet array on nickel foam (Mn0.1‐Ni‐MOF/NF) serves as a highly capacitive and stable supercapacitor positive electrode. The Mn0.1‐Ni‐MOF/NF shows an areal capacity of 6.48 C cm−2 (specific capacity C: 1178 C g−1) at 2 mA cm−2 in 6.0 m KOH, outperforming most reported MOF‐based materials. More importantly, it possesses excellent cycle stability to maintain 80.6 % capacity after 5000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor device utilizing Mn0.1‐Ni‐MOF/NF as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode attains a high energy density of 39.6 Wh kg−1 at 143.8 Wkg−1 power density with a capacitance retention of 83.6 % after 5000 cycles.
Control of Intermolecular Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Deoxyadenosine‐Based Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Le Hoang‐Ngoan , Brazard Johanna , Barnoin Guillaume , Vincent Steve , Michel Benoît Y. , Leonard Jérémie , Burger Alain
Published: August 2020

In this work, we report on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) reaction between a donor (adenine analogue) and an acceptor (3‐methoxychromone dye, 3MC) in the context of designing efficient fluorescent probes as DNA sensors. Firstly, Gibbs energy was investigated in disconnected donor–acceptor systems by Rehm‐Weller equation. The oxidation potential of the adenine derivative was responsible for exergonicity of the PET reaction in separated combinations. Then, the PET reaction in donor‐π‐acceptor conjugates was investigated using steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy, acid‐mediated PET inhibition and transient absorption techniques. In conjugated systems, PET is a favorable pathway of fluorescent quenching when an electron‐rich adenine analogue (d7A) was connected to the fluorophore (3MC). We found that formation of ground‐state complexes even at nm concentration range dominated the dye photophysics and generated poorly emissive species likely through intermolecular PET from d7A to 3MC. On the other hand, solution acidification disrupts complexation and turns on the dye emission. Bridging an electron‐poor adenine analogue with high oxidation potential (8 d7A) to 3MC presenting low reduction potential is another alternative to prevent complex formation and produce highly emissive monomer conjugates.
Acidity and Glutathione Dual‐Responsive Polydopamine‐Coated Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Chen Qi , Chen Yunna , Zhang Wenjing , Huang Qianqian , Hu Mengru , Peng Daiyin , Peng Can , Wang Lei , Chen Weidong
Published: August 2020

Controversial biodegradability and nonspecific pre‐drug leakage are major limitations for inorganic nanoparticles in cancer treatment. To solve these problems, we developed organic‐inorganic hybridized hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles with polydopamine modifications on the surface to simultaneously achieve enhanced biodegradability and controllable drug release. The morphology and chemical structure of the nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, N2adsorption‐desorption isotherms, TEM‐mapping and XPS. Moreover, the release behavior of nanoparticles under various pH conditions and the degradation behavior in the presence of GSH were evaluated. With effective controlled release, HMONs‐PTX@PDA were shown to significantly inhibit cancer cell proliferation and achieve antitumor effects in vivo through dual‐response release in the tumor microenvironment. Overall, this nanoplatform has significant potential to achieve tumor microenvironment‐responsive degradation and release to enhance tumor accumulation, which is very promising for cancer treatment.
Activating Effect of 3‐Benzylidene Oxindoles on AMPK: From Computer Simulation to High‐Content Screening
Authors: Novikova Daria S. , Grigoreva Tatyana A. , Ivanov Gleb S. , Melino Gerry , Barlev Nickolai A. , Tribulovich Vyacheslav G.
Published: August 2020

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is currently the subject of intensive study and active discussions. AMPK performs its functions both at the cellular level, providing the switch between energy‐consuming and energy‐producing processes, and at the whole body level, particularly, regulating certain aspects of higher nervous activity and behavior. Control of such a ‘main switch’ compensates dysfunctions and associated diseases. In the present paper, we studied the binding of 3‐benzylidene oxindoles to the kinase domain of the AMPK α‐subunit, which is thought to prevent its interaction with the autoinhibitory domain and thus result in the AMPK activation. For this purpose, we developed the cellular test system based on the AMPKAR plasmid, which implements the FRET effect, synthesized a number of 3‐benzylidene oxindole compounds and simulated their binding to various sites of the kinase domain. The most probable binding site for the studied compounds was established by the correlation of calculated and experimental data. The obtained results allow to analyze various classes of AMPK activators using virtual and high‐content screening.
Theory and algorithm of fire alarm coverage control in network
Authors: Li Mengjie , Liu Chao
Published: August 2020

Fire is a serious threat to human life and property, and effective prediction of fire can reduce the harm of fire to human. In the research of fire alarm automation, the fire alarm system based on wireless sensor network is a common method. When using wireless sensor to monitor the fire alarm information, it is necessary to ensure the safety coverage of the network in the monitoring area. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the network coverage in the fire alarm monitoring, which can ensure the effective work of the monitoring network, and good coverage control can reduce the energy consumption of the network and extend the service life of the network. Based on this, this paper designs a network coverage control algorithm based on multiobjective genetic algorithm optimization considering the coverage and energy consumption of wireless network. In this algorithm, the probability perception model is used to design the network coverage control model for the monitoring area with different coverage requirements, taking the maximum area coverage and the minimum network energy consumption rate as the optimization goal. Then the genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. In addition, because the multiobjective genetic algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution when solving the optimization problem, this paper introduces the cross and variation coefficients of self‐adaptive adjustment to improve the genetic algorithm. Through the simulation analysis, it is shown that when solving the multiobjective optimization problem, the introduction of self‐adaptive adjustment of cross and variation coefficients can well overcome the problem that genetic algorithm falls into the local optimal solution, whereas the network coverage control algorithm designed in this paper based on the multiobjective genetic algorithm optimization can achieve greater coverage and lower energy consumption. Compared with the network coverage control algorithm before optimization, the optimized algorithm improves greatly in coverage, network residual energy, and number of nodes, which can well extend the service life of wireless sensor network, and is conducive to the good application of wireless sensor in fire prediction.
Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary gland associated with lymphoid‐rich stroma. A diagnostic dilemma on cytology: Study of two cases
Authors: Mir Fatima , Rohra Prih , Aakash Nfn , Furlan Karina , Cheng Lin , Ghai Ritu , Reddy Vijaya , Gattuso Paolo
Published: August 2020

A lymphoid‐rich stroma is a common finding in salivary gland tumors. Several reports documented this association with acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). However, cytologic studies reporting this phenomenon are rare and mainly confined to sporadic single case reports. We present the cytologic features of two cases of ACCs of the parotid gland displaying a lymphoid‐rich background and discuss the cytologic differential diagnoses of this uncommon ACC variant.
The Caenorhabditis elegans proteasome subunit RPN‐12 is required for hermaphrodite germline sex determination and oocyte quality
Authors: Fernando Lourds M. , Elliot Jeandele , Allen Anna K.
Published: August 2020

Background

The proteasome is a multi‐subunit complex and a major proteolytic machinery in cells. Most subunits are essential for proteasome function, and depletion of individual subunits normally results in lethality. RPN‐12/Rpn12/PSMD8 is a lid subunit of the 19S regulatory particle (RP) of the 26S proteasome. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrated that RNAi depletion of RPN‐12 does not result in lethality. RPN‐12 has not been well studied in higher eukaryotes. In this study, we investigate the biological significance of RPN‐12 in C. elegans.

Results

We found that the null mutant rpn‐12(av93) did not cause major impairment of the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. Most rpn‐12(av93) hermaphrodites lack sperm leading to feminization of the germ line that can be partially rescued by mating to males. The lack of sperm phenotype can be suppressed by downregulation of TRA‐1, a player in the hermaphrodite germline sex determination pathway. Also, rpn‐12(av93) animals show significant nuclear accumulation of the meiotic kinase WEE‐1.3, a protein predominantly localized to the perinuclear region. Interestingly, chemical inhibition of the proteasome did not cause nuclear accumulation of WEE‐1.3.

Conclusions

RPN‐12 plays a previously unknown role in oogenesis and the germline sex determination pathway in C. elegans hermaphrodites.
Na3V2O2(PO4)2F Cathode for High‐Performance Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries with a Wide Workable Temperature Range
Authors: Li Jie , Du Guangyuan , Huang Tianbei , Zhang Fang , Xie Minghui , Qi Yuruo , Bao Shu-Juan , Xu Maowen
Published: August 2020

Solid‐state batteries have attracted significant attention due to their safety, but most studies focus on room‐temperature performance. Herein, the electrochemical performance of quasi‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) based on the perfluorosulfonate‐based polymer electrolyte (PFSA‐Na) and Na3V2O2(PO4)2F (NVOPF) cathode over a wide temperature range (from −25 to 65 °C) is investigated. The quasi‐solid‐state half‐cells (Na//PFSA‐Na//NVOPF@rGO) exhibit a long‐term cycle life (88.1% capacity retention at 4 C after 1000 cycles) at room temperature. A high discharge capacity can be maintained even at a low temperature of −25 °C and it can be restored to the original value when the temperature increases again to 25 °C. Meanwhile, full‐cells (hard carbon//PFSA‐Na//NVOPF@rGO) can also deliver stable cycling performance in a wide temperature range (−25, 25, and 65 °C).
Variability in infragravity wave processes during estuary artificial entrance openings
Authors: McSweeney Sarah L. , Stout Justin C. , Kennedy David M.
Published: August 2020

Intermittently open/closed estuaries (IOCE) are wave‐dominated estuaries with entrances that temporarily close to the ocean. Wave–current interactions play a major role in estuary entrance morphodynamics and influence the degree of energy transfer from the ocean into the lagoon. This study utilizes artificial entrance openings of multiple ICOE in Victoria, Australia, to capture continuous hydrodynamic and geomorphic data throughout the opening cycle. We illustrate that water level oscillations in the infragravity (IG) band) are present in the basin during open entrance conditions. IG waves were observed to propagate up to 1.8 km upstream of the mouth while the entrance was open. Our work identifies that changes in cross‐sectional area, bed depth at the berm position, and offshore wave height control the magnitude of IG waves within the estuary basin. IG wave magnitude is also tidally modulated and increases with high tides when the nearshore water level is higher. Late during the drainage phase, waves were observed to track the margins of the channel, away from the thalweg, and reach the basin. IG wave energy was highest immediately after the basin had ceased draining and while channel dimensions at the mouth were within 10% of their maximum value. As the entrance aggrades, IG wave magnitude decreases in the absence of energetic offshore wave conditions. We relate the changes in IG wave magnitude and frequency to a six‐stage conceptual model of the opening–closure sequence. Within the basin, IG wave energy, height and frequency were also consistently highest closer to the mouth and decreased with distance upstream. Our findings indicate that water level oscillations in the IG band are a persistent feature in IOCE and may be the norm rather than the exception in these systems. As IG waves were captured serendipitously as part of a larger field campaign, future work will focus on instrumenting IOCE to gain high‐resolution data to quantify IG wave processes during entrance openings. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Reduced-Volume Acute Lethality Toxicity Test for Hyalella azteca
Authors: Rodrigues Maegan R. , Frank Richard A. , Schissler Daniel M. , Deeth Lorna E. , Brown Lisa R. , Hedges Amanda M. , Dixon D. George , Hewitt L. Mark , Bartlett Adrienne J.
Published: August 2020

Effects-directed analysis (EDA) is used to identify the principal toxic components within a complex mixture using iterative steps of chemical fractionation guided by bioassay results. Bioassay selection can be limited in EDA because of the volume requirements for many standardized test methods, and therefore, a reduced-volume acute toxicity test that also provides whole-organism responses is beneficial. To address this need, a static, 7-d, water-only, reduced-volume method (50 mL, 10 organisms) was developed for Hyalella azteca that substantially decreases the volume requirements of standard-volume acute test exposures (200–500 mL of test solution, 15–20 organisms) while maintaining water quality and meeting control survival criteria. Standard- and reduced-volume methods were compared by conducting concurrent toxicity tests with 2 inorganic toxicants (KCl and CdCl2) and 2 organic mixtures of naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs) to evaluate test performance. There was no difference between methods when comparing the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) for KCl and both NAFC mixtures (p > 0.05). The LC50s for CdCl2 were statistically different (p = 0.0002); however, this was not considered biologically meaningful because the difference between LC50s was <2-fold. In conclusion, the reduced-volume H. azteca test method generated results comparable to standard-volume test methods and is suitable for use in situations where limited testing material is available, such as when conducting EDA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2221–2227. © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.
Erweiterte Anwendung der Barodesie für Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen
Authors: Bode Manuel , Medicus Gertraud , Fellin Wolfgang
Published: August 2020

In diesem Aufsatz werden erweiterte Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Barodesie bei Finite‐Elemente‐Berechnungen aufgezeigt. Dabei wird zum einen die Anwendung des Konzepts der intergranularen Dehnung zur Berücksichtigung der Steifigkeitserhöhung im Bereich kleiner Verzerrungen mit der dazugehörigen FE‐Implementierung vorgestellt. Durch die Verwendung der sog. asymptotischen State Boundary Surface (ASBS) der Barodesie können die Effekte des Überschreitens zulässiger Zustände mit der intergranularen Dehnung reduziert werden, womit eine realistischere Verformungsprognose möglich ist. Zum anderen wird ein verbesserter Ansatz zur Standsicherheitsberechnung mittels Parameterreduktion für die Barodesie präsentiert. Anhand einfacher FE‐Anwendungen werden die vorgestellten Erweiterungen verifiziert und deren Einfluss auf das Berechnungsergebnis untersucht.
Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the northern and central Great Xing'an Range, NE China: Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry
Authors: Zhang Guang‐liang , Xie Wei , Wen Shou‐qin , Gong En‐pu , Guo Rong‐rong , Tang Tie‐Qiao
Published: August 2020

In the northern and central Great Xing'an Range, there exist widespread Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks, of which the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting remain controversial. These rocks are composed of andesite, trachyandesite, basaltic andesite, and rhyolite. This study presents new data of zircon U–Pb dating, Hf isotopic composition, and whole‐rock geochemistry of the Late Jurassic intermediate‐mafic volcanic rocks within the northern Great Xing'an Range. In addition, the geochronological and geochemical data for the Late Mesozoic intermediate‐mafic rocks within the northern and central Great Xing'an Range are summarized for constraining the geochronological framework, petrogenesis, and geodynamic setting of the large‐scale Late Mesozoic volcanism in this region. The intermediate‐mafic volcanic rocks are enriched in large‐ion lithophiles and light rare earth elements and are depleted in high‐field‐strength elements such as Nb, Ta, and Ti, with positive εHf(t) values (+0.7 to +15.4). The data indicate that the volcanic rocks were derived from the partial melting of a mantle wedge that was modified by previously subducted slab‐derived fluids. These Late Mesozoic intermediate‐mafic volcanic rocks record a post‐collisional lithospheric extensional setting resulting from the closure of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean.
Moderately accelerated intensity‐modulated radiation therapy using simultaneous integrated boost: Practical reasons or evidence‐based choice? A critical appraisal of literature
Authors: De Felice Francesca , Bonomo Pierluigi , Sanguineti Giuseppe , Orlandi Ester
Published: August 2020

Concurrent chemo‐radiotherapy is the non‐surgical mainstay of treatment for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The following aspects have emerged as fundamental components of the combined approach: first, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is the minimum standard technical requirement, with level 1 evidence in support of its reduction of late treatment‐induced morbidity in comparison with 3D conformal radiotherapy. Second, cisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the preferred systemic agent to be associated with radiation, with 100 mg/m2 every 3 weeks deemed as the reference schedule. Because of significant progress in irradiation techniques achieved in last 15 years, the optimal fractionation schedule in modern radiation era remains controversial, especially for locally advanced disease. The purpose of this work was to perform a critical review on the value of moderately accelerated IMRT using simultaneous‐integrated boost (SIB) in HNSCC, aiming to provide insights on current clinical practice and directions for future research.
Financial contagion across G10 stock markets: A study during major crises
Authors: BenSaïda Ahmed , Litimi Houda
Published: August 2020

The multiple financial crises that occurred during the last two decades have stimulated scholars to investigate the cross‐market linkages and how shocks are transmitted across borders. Researchers usually examine financial contagion and its effects during a single period of study based on static models. This paper employs a regular vine copula specification to model the dependence dynamics across the G10 stock markets, by analysing the impacts during tranquillity periods and during each crisis episode studied apart. Empirical findings show significant differences in the connectedness, with distinctive shock transmission paths during every sub‐period. The results suggest a strong evidence of contagion during the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. However, during the market downturn of 2002, there was no significant contagion due to the lack of market integration then. Besides, in the aftermath of the Brexit vote, Eurozone members took measures to reduce possible shock transmission and eliminate contagion.
Wearable activity schedules to promote independence in young children
Authors: Jimenez‐Gomez Corina , Haggerty Katherine , Topçuoǧlu Başak
Published: August 2020

Activity schedules consist of a series of visual discriminative stimuli, arranged in booklets or binders, which function as prompts for appropriate behavior. Although activity schedules are useful, their typical presentation in binders can be cumbersome and stigmatizing, placing additional barriers for independence and inclusion. The purpose of the present studies was to evaluate the usefulness of a wearable activity schedule and determine whether prompts provided by it would be sufficient to support completion of a complex chain of behaviors by young children. In Experiment 1, the Octopus watch® provided prompts to children of typical development to complete a morning routine independently. In Experiment 2, the usefulness of the watch was evaluated in children with autism spectrum disorder engaged in play activities in a clinical setting. In both experiments, children reliably displayed a greater proportion of independent engagement in target behaviors when prompts were delivered by the watch compared to control conditions.
Synthesis of new series of thiazol‐(2(3H)‐ylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Berber Nurcan , Arslan Mustafa , Vural Fırat , Ergun Adem , Gençer Nahit , Arslan Oktay
Published: August 2020

Human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and II) are important metabolic enzymes. In this study, a new series of thiazol‐(2(3H)‐ylideneamino)benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and also some inhibition parameters including IC50 (hydratese) and inhibition constant values (Ki, esterase) were determined. All studied compounds exhibited potent inhibition against these enzymes. They inhibited carbonic anhydrases (CAs) with the IC50 values of 113 to 395.8 nM (Ki = 77.38‐319.59 nM) for hCA I and 91.9 to 516 nM (Ki = 62.79‐425.89 nM) for hCA II. Among the compounds, 5c was found to be the most active one (Ki: 77.38 nM) for hCA I and 5g was found for hCA II with the value of 62.79 nM.
Nonsuicidal self‐injury, difficulties in emotion regulation, negative urgency, and childhood invalidation: A study with outpatients with eating disorders
Authors: Vieira Ana I. , Moreira Célia S. , Rodrigues Tânia F. , Brandão Isabel , Timóteo Sertório , Nunes Patrícia , Gonçalves Sónia
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Among outpatients with eating disorders (ED), we compared participants without nonsuicidal self‐injury (non‐NSSI group), with NSSI over a year ago (past NSSI group) and with NSSI in the previous year (current NSSI group) regarding different variables, and examined whether difficulties in emotion regulation and negative urgency moderated the relationship between maternal/paternal invalidation and NSSI.

Method

The sample included 171 outpatients (94.2% female; Mage = 28.78, SDage = 11.19).

Results

Fifty‐four participants (31.6%) had NSSI in the previous year. This group showed higher eating pathology, difficulties in emotion regulation, negative urgency, and maternal/paternal invalidation than the non‐NSSI group. Analyses revealed an adequate fit to the data for the model that included moderating effects of emotional awareness and negative urgency in the relationship between maternal/paternal invalidation and increased likelihood of NSSI in the previous year.

Conclusions

Interventions for NSSI and ED should include emotion regulation, impulse control, and validation strategies.
An analysis of question style and type in official Finnish asylum interview transcripts
Authors: Skrifvars Jenny , Korkman Julia , Sui Veronica , van Veldhuizen Tanja , Antfolk Jan
Published: August 2020

Interviews with asylum seekers are an important part of investigating the applicant's need of international protection. Few studies have examined if the questions used in interviews allow detailed and accurate narratives. In the current study, we analysed question style, question type, and question order from interviews of 80 official asylum cases realised by Finnish state authorities in 2017–2018. In accordance with best practise, questions were predominantly asked in an information‐gathering style. However, four‐fifths of the questions were closed questions, and one‐tenth were open questions. The recommended question order was followed to a small degree. Possibilities on how to improve the quantity and the accuracy of the information elicited from the interviews are discussed. Future research should assess which type of questions that are most efficient in eliciting relevant information within the asylum context as well as investigating the accuracy of the interpretation.
Transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 within families with children in Greece: A study of 23 clusters
Authors: Maltezou Helena C. , Vorou Rengina , Papadima Kalliopi , Kossyvakis Athanasios , Spanakis Nikolaos , Gioula Georgia , Exindari Maria , Metallidis Symeon , Lourida Athanasia N. , Raftopoulos Vasilios , Froukala Elisavet , Martinez‐Gonzalez Beatriz , Mitsianis Athanasios , Roilides Emmanuel , Mentis Andreas , Tsakris Athanasios , Papa Anna
Published: August 2020

There is limited information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection clustering within families with children. We aimed to study the transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 within families with children in Greece. We studied 23 family clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Infection was diagnosed by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in respiratory specimens. The level of viral load was categorized as high, moderate, or low based on the cycle threshold values. There were 109 household members (66 adults and 43 children). The median attack rate per cluster was 60% (range: 33.4%‐100%). An adult member with COVID‐19 was the first case in 21 (91.3%) clusters. Transmission of infection occurred from an adult to a child in 19 clusters and/or from an adult to another adult in 12 clusters. There was no evidence of child‐to‐adult or child‐to‐child transmission. In total 68 household members (62.4%) tested positive. Children were more likely to have an asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 infection compared to adults (40% vs 10.5%; P = .021). In contrast, adults were more likely to develop a severe clinical course compared with children (8.8% vs 0%; P = .021). In addition, infected children were significantly more likely to have a low viral load while adults were more likely to have a moderate viral load (40.7% and 18.6% vs 13.8% and 51.7%, respectively; P = .016). In conclusion, while children become infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, they do not appear to transmit infection to others. Furthermore, children more frequently have an asymptomatic or mild course compared to adults. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of viral load on these findings.
On the changing relationship between North Pacific climate variability and synoptic activity over the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Elison Timm Oliver , Li Siyu , Liu Jiping , Beilman David W.
Published: August 2020

The teleconnection between tropical and extratropical climates in the North Pacific and continental regions of eastern Asia and western North America is known to vary on decadal to multidecadal time scales. In this study, the teleconnection pattern is studied with observational and reanalysis data products. The regional focus is set on the Hawaiian Islands in the central subtropical part of the North Pacific. By analysing correlations between regional climate indices and large‐scale climate modes during the years 1980 and 2014, it was found that the correlation between El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the synoptic weather activity over the Hawaiian Islands decreased over time. Composite analysis of the geopotential height anomalies and upper level winds suggest that the systematic shift in the North Pacific Jet (NPJ) position had an impact on the teleconnection between tropical Pacific SST and winter storm activity and precipitation variability in Hawai'i. The change in the correlations and in the NPJ structure coincides with a transition from the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) towards a neutral and weak negative state. This observation‐based study provides a central subtropical Pacific viewpoint in support of the growing body of research studies that have reported a major shift in the Pacific climate system during the mid‐1990s. The article further discusses the potential role of decadal‐scale changes in the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) phase in changing the strength of the ENSO teleconnection with synoptic activity over the Hawaiian Islands. The results of this study are relevant to paleoclimate interpretation of individual proxy records as well as for regional downscaling of future rainfall for the Hawaiian Islands.
Millennials are not all the same: Examining millennial craft brewery and winery visitors' social involvement, self‐image, and social return
Authors: Bachman Jarrett R. , Hull John S. , Haecker Sanja
Published: August 2020

The attraction of craft breweries and wineries for visitors to British Columbia (BC), Canada, has grown significantly in recent years, particularly within millennials. However, little research has been conducted. The present research surveyed millennial visitors across craft breweries and wineries in BC. A total of 359 usable surveys were collected. Results found that although craft brewery and winery visitors had similar demographics, significant differences were found in all three social factors measured. In addition, the conceptual relationships between social involvement and self‐image congruency, as well as social return, were significant. Recommendations and implications for researchers, marketers, and industry professionals are discussed.
Dermatologic Ultrasound in Primary Care: A New Modality of Teledermatology
Authors: Alfageme Fernando , Minguela Esther , Martínez Constanza , Salgüero Irene , Calvo Antonio , León Fernando , Álvarez Lourdes , de Vicente Olga , Panadero Francisco Javier , Salguero Oliver Luis , Roustán Gastón
Published: August 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to validate dermatologic ultrasound as a complementary teledermatologic imaging modality in primary and tertiary care centers.

Methods

Six primary care centers and 1 tertiary care dermatology department collaborated in the program. Images were sent through the institutional teledermatologic platform to the tertiary care dermatology department. At the reference hospital, ultrasound images and clinical data were received and registered by a physician trained in dermatologic ultrasound. An in‐person consultation was scheduled to confirm the teleultrasound diagnosis. The time of response by the tertiary center, quality and size of the teledermatologic image, and concordance with the in‐person diagnosis were assessed for each dermatologic lesion.

Results

A total of 147 teleultrasound consultations with 143 patients (93 women and 50 men; mean age ± SD, 47 ± 23 years) were evaluated between June 2018 and January 2019. Nine teleultrasound consultations (6.1%) were not valid. Discordance between teleultrasound and the in‐person diagnosis was evident in 6 of 138 cases (4.3%). Most cases corresponded to benign skin tumors (66.7%), followed by inflammatory skin lesions (15.9%), nonmelanoma skin lesions (13%), and other skin lesions (4.3%). All malignant tumors were detected (sensitivity, 100%), although 2 cases of benign lesions were telediagnosed as malignant (specificity, 97.8%). The positive and negative predictive values of a teleultrasound diagnosis of cutaneous malignancy were 90% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusions

Asynchronous primary care teleultrasound combined with dermatologic ultrasound training at tertiary centers is an effective teledermatologic modality.
Interchange and Overlap Among Four Adjacent Arctic Caribou Herds
Authors: Prichard Alexander K. , Parrett Lincoln S. , Lenart Elizabeth A. , Caikoski Jason R. , Joly Kyle , Person Brian T.
Published: August 2020

Barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) are distributed in herds that seasonally use specific geographic regions within an annual range, with varying levels of fidelity during different periods (e.g., calving, insect relief, wintering). As a result, caribou management is generally tailored to individual herds that often range across administrative boundaries. Herd ranges can shift over time, seasonal ranges of adjacent herds often overlap, herds merge, and there is often little genetic differentiation among adjacent herds. If substantial herd interchange occurs, it would have important management implications by influencing estimates of herd size, herd composition, and harvest rates. We compiled satellite telemetry data from 2003–2015 for 4 large arctic caribou herds to quantify herd interchange rates. We calculated a metric of herd interchange based on the relationship of caribou locations to typical weekly herd ranges (all yrs combined) and the distance to other radio‐collared caribou from each of the 4 herds (yr specific). Although herd membership cannot always be clearly defined based on location, this metric provides an objective measure of the strength of evidence of herd membership that can be used to make comparisons among herds and time periods. We also calculated herd overlap and quantified how it varied throughout the year. Herd interchange was rare in the 2 larger herds, generally occurring when caribou overwintered with an adjacent herd, whereas herd interchange from the 2 smaller herds was more frequent and could last longer than a year. Although sample sizes were limited, there were no clear patterns in herd interchange with year or annual herd size. The 2 smaller herds had large seasonal overlap with adjacent herds, suggesting that herd interchange may be related to spatiotemporal herd overlap and relative herd size. Our results can help managers understand herd interchange and overlap to make management decisions, interpret research results, and develop more accurate population models. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Boreal Caribou Can Coexist with Natural but Not Industrial Disturbances
Authors: Stewart Frances E. C. , Nowak J. Joshua , Micheletti Tatiane , McIntire Eliot J. B. , Schmiegelow Fiona K. A. , Cumming Steven G.
Published: August 2020

For species at risk, it is important that demographic models be consistent with our most recent knowledge because alternate model versions can have differing predictions for wildlife and natural resource management. To establish and maintain this consistency, we can compare predicted model values to current or past observations and demographic knowledge. When novel predictor information becomes available, testing for consistency between modeled and observed values ensures the best models are used for robust, evidence‐based, wildlife management. We combine novel information on the extent of historical disturbance regimes (industrial and fire) to an existing demographic model and predict historical and projected demographics of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Exploring 6 simulation experiments across 5 populations in Alberta, Canada, we identify the relative importance of industrial disturbance, fire, and population density to observed population size and growth rate. We confirm the onset of significant declines across all 5 populations began approximately 30 years ago, demonstrate these declines have been consistent, and conclude they are more likely due to industrial disturbance from the oil and gas sector within contemporary population ranges than historical fire regimes. These findings reinforce recent research on the cause of woodland caribou declines. Testing for consistency between observations and models prescribed for species recovery is paramount for assessing the cause of declines, projecting population trends, and refining recovery strategies for effective wildlife management. We provide a novel simulation method for conducting these tests. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.