bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IL1RN and KRT13 Expression in Bladder Cancer: Association with Pathologic Characteristics and Smoking Status
Authors: Worst Thomas S. , Reiner Verena , Gabriel Ute , Weiß Christel , Erben Philipp , Martini Thomas , Bolenz Christian
Published: July 2014

Purpose. To validate microarray data on cytokeratin 13 (KRT13) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) and to correlate our findings with pathologic characteristics and tobacco smoking.Methods. UCB tissue samples (n=109) and control samples (n=14) were obtained from transurethral resection and radical cystectomy specimens. Immunohistochemical staining of KRT13 and IL1RN was performed and semiquantitative expression scores were assessed. Smoking status was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Expression scores were correlated with pathologic characteristics (tumor stage and grade) and with smoking status.Results. Loss of KRT13 and IL1RN expression was observed in UCB tissue samples when compared to controls (P=0.007,P=0.008) in which KRT13 and IL1RN expression were high. IL1RN expression was significantly reduced in muscle-invasive tumors (P=0.003). In tissue samples of current smokers, a significant downregulation of IL1RN was found when compared to never smokers (P=0.013).Conclusion. Decreased expressions of KRT13 and IL1RN are common features of UCB and are associated with aggressive disease. Tobacco smoking may enhance the loss of IL1RN, indicating an overweight of proinflammatory mediators involved in UCB progression. Further validation of the influence of smoking on IL1RN expression is warranted.
Corrosion Behavior of A356-10 Vol.% SiC Composites Cast by Gravity and Squeeze Casting in H2SO4Solutions
Authors: Fattah-alhosseini A. , Ranjbaran M. , Vajdi Vahid S.
Published: July 2014

Corrosion behavior of A356-10 vol.% SiC composites cast by gravity and squeeze casting is evaluated. For this purpose, prepared samples were immersed in H2SO4solution for 2 hrs. at open circuit potential. Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to study the corrosion resistance of composites. The results showed that corrosion resistance of composites cast by squeeze casting is higher than that of the gravity cast composites. The micrographs of scanning electron microscope (SEM) clearly showed the squeeze casting composites exhibit a good dispersion/matrix interface when compared with composites produced by gravity casting.
A 3D Fingerprinting Positioning Method Based on Cellular Networks
Authors: Wang Yao-hui , Li Hu , Luo Xin-long , Sun Qi-ming , Liu Jin-nan
Published: July 2014

A new 3D fingerprinting positioning scheme based on cellular networks is proposed by using implicit information of the location around geographic environments. Compared with original fingerprint positioning scheme, singular measurement is processed at the beginning of the proposed scheme. The main improvement of our proposed scheme is to employ cell matching degree and choose the best reasonable fingerprint according to the correlation of its surrounding points. Additionally, in order to improve searching efficiency, a new searching window is introduced. Finally, compared with the maximum likelihood method and the weighted K nearest neighbors method, the promising numerical results are also presented.
Increased Growth Factors Play a Role in Wound Healing Promoted by Noninvasive Oxygen-Ozone Therapy in Diabetic Patients with Foot Ulcers
Authors: Zhang Jing , Guan Meiping , Xie Cuihua , Luo Xiangrong , Zhang Qian , Xue Yaoming
Published: July 2014

Management of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is a great challenge for clinicians. Although the oxygen-ozone treatment improves the diabetic outcome, there are few clinical trials to verify the efficacy and illuminate the underlying mechanisms of oxygen-ozone treatment on DFUs. In the present study, a total of 50 type 2 diabetic patients complicated with DFUs, Wagner stage 2~4, were randomized into control group treated by standard therapy only and ozone group treated by standard therapy plus oxygen-ozone treatment. The therapeutic effects were graded into 4 levels from grade 0 (no change) to grade 3 (wound healing). The wound sizes were measured at baseline and day 20, respectively. Tissue biopsies were performed at baseline and day 11. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) proteins in the pathologic specimens were determined by immunohistochemical examinations. The effective rate of ozone group was significantly higher than that of control group (92% versus 64%,P<0.05). The wound size reduction was significantly more in ozone group than in control group (P<0.001). After treatment, the expressions of VEGF, TGF-β, and PDGF proteins at day 11 were significantly higher in ozone group than in control group. Ozone therapy promotes the wound healing of DFUs via potential induction of VEGF, TGF-β, and PDGF at early stage of the treatment. (Clinical trial registry number isChiCTR-TRC-14004415).
Design and Assessment of a Virtual Underwater Multisensory Effects Reproducing Simulation System
Authors: Kim Cheol-Min , Youn Jae-Hong , Ji Yoo-Kang , Choi Dong-You
Published: July 2014

With current developments in virtual reality technology and advances in the marine industry, various virtual underwater simulation systems that help users to indirectly experience the marine environment via a variety of virtual contents are being developed. In general, underwater simulation systems that use virtual reality developed using three-dimensional graphics technology. Therefore, they are limited in terms of their ability to imbue users with a sense of immersion and presence. In addition, the expansion of the sensory range, with which users can actually experience various underwater environmental phenomena while they are in underwater simulations, is still insufficient. This paper proposes an immersive multisensory effect reproduction system that provides an improved sense of underwater reality for users. The results of comparative user evaluation tests conducted regarding the sense of reality imbued with our proposed system indicate that its sensory presence effect is superior to that of conventional systems.
Specific Growth Rate Determines the Sensitivity ofEscherichia colito Lactic Acid Stress: Implications for Predictive Microbiology
Authors: Lindqvist Roland , Barmark Gunilla
Published: July 2014

This study tested the hypothesis that sensitivity ofEscherichia colito lactic acid at concentrations relevant for fermented sausages (pH 4.6, 150 mM lactic acid,aw=0.92, temperature = 20 or 27°C) increases with increasing growth rate. ForE. colistrain 683 cultured in TSB in chemostat or batch, subsequent inactivation rates when exposed to lactic acid stress increased with increasing growth rate at harvest. A linear relationship between growth rate at harvest and inactivation rate was found to describe both batch and chemostat cultures. The maximum difference in T90, the estimated times for a one-log reduction, was 10 hours between bacteria harvested during the first 3 hours of batch culture, that is, at different growth rates. A 10-hour difference in T90would correspond to measuring inactivation at 33°C or 45°C instead of 37°C based on relationships between temperature and inactivation. At similar harvest growth rates, inactivation rates were lower for bacteria cultured at 37°C than at 15–20°C. As demonstrated forE. coli683, culture conditions leading to variable growth rates may contribute to variable lactic acid inactivation rates. Findings emphasize the use and reporting of standardised culture conditions and can have implications for the interpretation of data when developing inactivation models.
Mechanical Performance and Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of 3D Braided Composites Joints
Authors: Wu Yue , Nan Bo , Chen Liang
Published: July 2014

3D braided composite joints are the important components in CFRP truss, which have significant influence on the reliability and lightweight of structures. To investigate the mechanical performance of 3D braided composite joints, a numerical method based on the microscopic mechanics is put forward, the modeling technologies, including the material constants selection, element type, grid size, and the boundary conditions, are discussed in detail. Secondly, a method for determination of ultimate bearing capacity is established, which can consider the strength failure. Finally, the effect of load parameters, geometric parameters, and process parameters on the ultimate bearing capacity of joints is analyzed by the global sensitivity analysis method. The results show that the main pipe diameter thickness ratioγ, the main pipe diameterD, and the braided angleαare sensitive to the ultimate bearing capacityN.
A Simple Model to Assess the Probability of Invasion in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast Diagnosed by Needle Biopsy
Authors: Coufal Oldřich , Selingerová Iveta , Vrtělová Pavlína , Krsička Petr , Gabrielová Lucie , Fabian Pavel , Stískalová Kateřina , Schneiderová Monika , Poprach Alexandr , Justan Ivan
Published: July 2014

Objectives. The aim of the study was to develop a clinical prediction model for assessing the probability of having invasive cancer in the definitive surgical resection specimen in patients with biopsy diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, to facilitate decision making regarding axillary surgery.Methods. In 349 women with DCIS, predictors of invasion in the definitive resection specimen were identified. A model to predict the probability of invasion was developed and subsequently simplified to divide patients into two risk categories. The model’s performance was validated on another patient population.Results. Multivariate logistic regression revealed four independent predictors of invasion: (i) suspicious (micro)invasion in the biopsy specimen; (ii) visibility of the lesion on ultrasonography; (iii) size of the lesion on mammography >30 mm; (iv) clinical palpability of the lesion. The actual frequency of invasion in the high-risk patient group in the test and validation population was 52.6% and 48.3%, respectively; in the low-risk group it was 16.8% and 7.1%, respectively.Conclusion. The model proved to have good performance. In patients with a low probability of invasion, an axillary procedure can be omitted without a substantial risk of additional surgery.
Metoprolol Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokines and Atherosclerosis in ApoE−/−Mice
Authors: Ulleryd Marcus A. , Bernberg Evelina , Yang Li Jin , Bergström Göran M. L. , Johansson Maria E.
Published: July 2014

A few studies in animals and humans suggest that metoprolol (β1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist) may have a direct antiatherosclerotic effect. However, the mechanism behind this protective effect has not been established. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metoprolol on development of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/−mice and investigate its effect on the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Male ApoE−/−mice were treated with metoprolol (2.5 mg/kg/h) or saline for 11 weeks via osmotic minipumps. Atherosclerosis was assessed in thoracic aorta and aortic root. Total cholesterol levels and Th1/Th2 cytokines were analyzed in serum and macrophage content in lesions by immunohistochemistry. Metoprolol significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in thoracic aorta (P<0.05versus Control). Further, metoprolol reduced serum TNFαand the chemokine CXCL1 (P<0.01versus Control for both) as well as decreasing the macrophage content in the plaques (P<0.01versus Control). Total cholesterol levels were not affected. In this study we found that a moderate dose of metoprolol significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in thoracic aorta of ApoE−/−mice. Metoprolol also decreased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNFαand CXCL1 and macrophage content in the plaques, showing that metoprolol has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Drug Release Kinetics and Front Movement in Matrix Tablets Containing Diltiazem or Metoprolol/λ-Carrageenan Complexes
Authors: Bettini Ruggero , Bonferoni Maria Cristina , Colombo Paolo , Zanelotti Laura , Caramella Carla
Published: July 2014

In this work we investigated the moving boundaries and the associated drug release kinetics in matrix tablets prepared with two complexes betweenλ-carrageenan and two soluble model drugs, namely, diltiazem HCl and metoprolol tartrate aiming at clarifying the role played by drug/polymer interaction on the water uptake, swelling, drug dissolution, and drug release performance of the matrix. The two studied complexes released the drug with different mechanism indicating two different drug/polymer interaction strengths. The comparison between the drug release behaviour of the complexes and the relevant physical mixtures indicates that diltiazem gave rise to a less soluble and more stable complex with carrageenan than metoprolol. The less stable metoprolol complex afforded an erodible matrix, whereas the stronger interaction between diltiazem and carrageenan resulted in a poorly soluble, slowly dissolving matrix. It was concluded that the different stability of the studied complexes affords two distinct drug delivery systems: in the case of MTP, the dissociation of the complex, as a consequence of the interaction with water, affords a classical soluble matrix type delivery system; in the case of DTZ, the dissolving/diffusing species is the complex itself because of the very strong interaction between the drug and the polymer.
Isolation, Characterization, and Application of Nanocellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber as Nanocomposites
Authors: Lani N. S. , Ngadi N. , Johari A. , Jusoh M.
Published: July 2014

Nanocomposites, consisting of a polymeric matrix and nanosized elements as reinforcement, have attracted significant scientific attention because of their high mechanical performance. A large variety of nanocomposites have been prepared using bio‐based materials as a matrix and nanoreinforcement, so that it can reduce the dependence on nondegradable products and move to a sustainable materials basis. The objective of this study was to isolate nanocellulose from empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber and their reinforcing effect on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch blend films. A series of PVA/starch films with different content of nanocellulose were prepared by solution casting method. Nanocellulose fiber with diameters ranging from 4 to 15 nm has been successfully prepared. On the other hand, PVA/starch films reinforced with nanocellulose fiber possess significantly improved properties compared to unreinforced film. From the results, PVA/starch films with the addition of 5% (v/v) of nanocellulose exhibited best combination of properties. This nanocomposite was found to have tensile strength at about 5.694 MPa and elongation at break was 481.85%. In addition to good mechanical properties, this nanocomposite has good water resistance and biodegradability.
Sarcoidosis Incidentally Diagnosed: A Case Report
Authors: Kesici Besir , Toros Ahmet Burak , Bayraktar Levent , Dervisoglu Adem
Published: July 2014

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, granulomatous condition with unknown cause. Because most of the patients are free of clinical symptoms, sarcoidosis should be considered in differential diagnosis if noncaseous granuloma is noted in biopsies, performed for other reasons. With no clinical symptoms, our patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis upon identifying noncaseous granuloma in the lymph node biopsy material collected during the laparoscopic operation, performed for gallbladder polyp.
The Trajectory and the Related Physical and Social Determinants of Body Mass Index in Elementary School Children: Results from the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution Study
Authors: Lin Li-Ju , Chang Hsing-Yi , Luh Dih-Ling , Hurng Baai-Shyun , Yen Lee-Lan
Published: July 2014

This study explored developmental trajectory patterns of BMI and associated factors. Participants included 1,609 students who were followed from age 7 to 12 years. Data collection involved annual self-administered questionnaires and records of height and weight. An ecological model was used to identify the factors associated with BMI trajectories. Group-based trajectory models and multinomial logit models were used in the statistical analysis. There were gender differences in BMI trajectories. Among boys, four BMI trajectories were normal or slightly underweight, persistently normal weight, overweight becoming obese, and persistently obese. Among girls, four BMI trajectories were persistently slightly underweight, persistently normal weight, persistently overweight, and persistently obese. The mean BMI in each trajectory group demonstrated an upward trend over time. In boys, BMI trajectories were significantly associated with after-school exercise, academic performance, family interactions, overweight parents, and father’s education level. In girls, BMI trajectories were significantly associated with television viewing or computer use, family interactions, peer interactions, and overweight parents. Children under age 7 years who are already overweight or obese are an important target for interventions. The different factors associated with BMI trajectories can be used for targeting high risk groups.
Development of New Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Piracetam and Levetiracetam in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids: Application in Stability Studies
Authors: Siddiqui Farhan Ahmed , Sher Nawab , Shafi Nighat , Wafa Sial Alisha , Ahmad Mansoor , Mehjebeen  , Naseem Huma
Published: July 2014

RP-HPLC ultraviolet detection simultaneous quantification of piracetam and levetiracetam has been developed and validated. The chromatography was obtained on a Nucleosil C18 column of25 cm×0.46 cm, 10 μm, dimension. The mobile phase was a (70 : 30 v/v) mixture of 0.1 g/L of triethylamine and acetonitrile. Smooth flow of mobile phase at 1 mL/min was set and 205 nm wavelength was selected. Results were evaluated through statistical parameters which qualify the method reproducibility and selectivity for the quantification of piracetam, levetiracetam, and their impurities hence proving stability-indicating properties. The proposed method is significantly important, permitting the separation of the main constituent piracetam from levetiracetam. Linear behavior was observed between 20 ng/mL and 10000 ng/mL for both drugs. The proposed method was checked in bulk drugs, dosage formulations, physiological condition, and clinical investigations and excellent outcome was witnessed.
Emotion Recognition Pattern in Adolescent Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Aspan Nikoletta , Bozsik Csilla , Gadoros Julia , Nagy Peter , Inantsy-Pap Judit , Vida Peter , Halasz Jozsef
Published: July 2014

Background. Social and emotional deficits were recently considered as inherent features of individuals with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but only sporadic literature data exist on emotion recognition in adolescents with ADHD. The aim of the present study was to establish emotion recognition profile in adolescent boys with ADHD in comparison with control adolescents.Methods. Forty-four adolescent boys (13–16 years) participated in the study after informed consent; 22 boys had a clinical diagnosis of ADHD, while data were also assessed from 22 adolescent control boys matched for age and Raven IQ. Parent- and self-reported behavioral characteristics were assessed by the means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The recognition of six basic emotions was evaluated by the “Facial Expressions of Emotion-Stimuli and Tests.”Results. Compared to controls, adolescents with ADHD were more sensitive in the recognition of disgust and, worse in the recognition of fear and showed a tendency for impaired recognition of sadness. Hyperactivity measures showed an inverse correlation with fear recognition.Conclusion. Our data suggest that adolescent boys with ADHD have alterations in the recognition of specific emotions.
Thermal Cycling Life Prediction of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder Joint Using Type-I Censored Data
Authors: Mi Jinhua , Li Yan-Feng , Yang Yuan-Jian , Peng Weiwen , Huang Hong-Zhong
Published: July 2014

Because solder joint interconnections are the weaknesses of microelectronic packaging, their reliability has great influence on the reliability of the entire packaging structure. Based on an accelerated life test the reliability assessment and life prediction of lead-free solder joints using Weibull distribution are investigated. The type-I interval censored lifetime data were collected from a thermal cycling test, which was implemented on microelectronic packaging with lead-free ball grid array (BGA) and fine-pitch ball grid array (FBGA) interconnection structures. The number of cycles to failure of lead-free solder joints is predicted by using a modified Engelmaier fatigue life model and a type-I censored data processing method. Then, the Pan model is employed to calculate the acceleration factor of this test. A comparison of life predictions between the proposed method and the ones calculated directly by Matlab and Minitab is conducted to demonstrate the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. At last, failure analysis and microstructure evolution of lead-free solders are carried out to provide useful guidance for the regular maintenance, replacement of substructure, and subsequent processing of electronic products.
Acute and Long-Term Effects of Noise Exposure on the Neuronal Spontaneous Activity in Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus Brain Slices
Authors: Gröschel Moritz , Ryll Jana , Götze Romy , Ernst Arne , Basta Dietmar
Published: July 2014

Noise exposure leads to an immediate hearing loss and is followed by a long-lasting permanent threshold shift, accompanied by changes of cellular properties within the central auditory pathway. Electrophysiological recordings have demonstrated an upregulation of spontaneous neuronal activity. It is still discussed if the observed effects are related to changes of peripheral input or evoked within the central auditory system. The present study should describe the intrinsic temporal patterns of single-unit activity upon noise-induced hearing loss of the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus (DCN and VCN) and the inferior colliculus (IC) in adult mouse brain slices. Recordings showed a slight, but significant, elevation in spontaneous firing rates in DCN and VCN immediately after noise trauma, whereas no differences were found in IC. One week postexposure, neuronal responses remained unchanged compared to controls. At 14 days after noise trauma, intrinsic long-term hyperactivity in brain slices of the DCN and the IC was detected for the first time. Therefore, increase in spontaneous activity seems to develop within the period of two weeks, but not before day 7. The results give insight into the complex temporal neurophysiological alterations after noise trauma, leading to a better understanding of central mechanisms in noise-induced hearing loss.
Retracted: E-Learning Recommender Systems Based on Goal-Based Hybrid Filtering
Authors: Chughtai Muhammad Waseem , Selamat Ali , Ghani Imran , Jung Jason J.
Published: July 2014

This research work is based on the thesis contribution by proposing the goal-based hybrid filtering approach in e-learning recommender systems (eLearningRecSys). The proposed work has been used to analyze the personalized similarities between learner's profile preferences collaboratively. The proposed work consists of two hybridizations: the first hybridization has been made with content-based filtering and collaborative features to overcome the new-learners zero-rated profile recommendations issue; the second hybridization has been done with collaborative filtering and k-neighborhood scheme features to improve the average-learner's low-rated profile recommendations issue. Therefore, the proposed goal-based hybrid filtering approach that hybridized content-based filtering, collaborative filtering and k-neighborhood features simultaneously works on both types of learner's profiles recommendation issues in e-learning environments. The experiments in the proposed work are done using the famous “MovieLens” dataset, while the evaluation of experimental results has been performed with mean of precision 83.44% and mean of recall 85.22%, respectively. t-test result shows the probability difference value of 0.29 between the proposed hybrid approach and the evaluated literature work. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid recommender systems in e-learning scenarios.
Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Poultry Feed for Food-Producing Animals
Authors: Greco Mariana Vanesa , Franchi María Luisa , Rico Golba Silvia Laura , Pardo Alejandro Guillermo , Pose Graciela Noemí
Published: July 2014

Moulds are capable of reducing the nutritional value of feedstuff as well as elaborating several mycotoxins. Mycotoxin-contaminated feed has adverse effects on animal health and productivity. Also, mycotoxins may be carried over into meat and eggs when poultry are fed with contaminated feed. In a point prevalence study feedstuff used for poultry nutrition in Argentina was analyzed for fungal flora, natural incidence of selected mycotoxins, and nutritional quality. Ten mould genera were recovered, six of them known to be mycotoxigenic. More than 28 species were determined. Fumonisins were detected in all the samples (median 1,750 ppb). Forty-four out of 49 samples (90%) were contaminated with DON (median 222 ppb) and OTA (median 5 ppb). Also, 44 out of 49 samples were contaminated with aflatoxins (median 2.685 ppb), 42 samples (86%) with ZEA (median 50 ppb), and 38 samples (78%) with T2-toxin (median 50 ppb). Ninety percent of the samples had at least one type of nutritional deficiency. This study indicates the need for continuous assessment of the mycological status of animal feed production, in order to feed animals for optimal performance ensuring food safety.
Influence of Thread Pitch, Helix Angle, and Compactness on Micromotion of Immediately Loaded Implants in Three Types of Bone Quality: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ma Pan , Xiong Wei , Tan Baosheng , Geng Wei , Liu Jiaqiang , Li Weihong , Li Dehua
Published: July 2014

This study investigated the influence of thread pitch, helix angle, and compactness on micromotion in immediately loaded implants in bone of varying density (D2, D3, and D4). Five models of the three-dimensional finite element (0.8 mm pitch, 1.6 mm pitch, 2.4 mm pitch, double-threaded, and triple-threaded implants) in three types of bone were created using Pro/E, Hypermesh, and ABAQUS software. The study had three groups: Group 1, different pitches (Pitch Group); Group 2, same compactness but different helix angles (Angle Group); and Group 3, same helix angle but different compactness (Compact Group). Implant micromotion was assessed as the comprehensive relative displacement. We found that vertical relative displacement was affected by thread pitch, helix angle, and compactness. Under vertical loading, displacement was positively correlated with thread pitch and helix angle but negatively with compactness. Under horizontal loading in D2, the influence of pitch, helix angle, and compactness on implant stability was limited; however, in D3 and D4, the influence of pitch, helix angle, and compactness on implant stability is increased. The additional evidence was provided that trabecular bone density has less effect on implant micromotion than cortical bone thickness. Bone type amplifies the influence of thread pattern on displacement.
BCMab1, A Monoclonal Antibody against Aberrantly Glycosylated Integrin α3β1, Has Potent Antitumor Activity of Bladder Cancer In Vivo
Authors: Li Chong , Yang Zhao , Du Ying , Tang Haidong , Chen Jun , Hu Deqing , Fan Zusen
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To identify a novel biomarker for bladder cancer targeting therapy.

Experimental Design: The human bladder cancer cell line T24 cells were used as immunogen to generate mouse monoclonal antibodies. We screened and identified a specific antibody BCMab1 against bladder cancer. We examined BCMab1 antigen expression in the patients with bladder cancer through immunohistochemical staining and investigated the BCMab1 antigen association with clinical severity. We detected the antitumor activity of BCMab1 antibody and investigated its therapeutic efficacy by subcutaneous and orthotopic bladder cancer models.

Results: We developed a new monoclonal antibody BCMab1 against bladder cancer that specifically recognized the aberrantly glycosylated Integrin α3β1 epitope on bladder cancer cells. Expression of the BCMab1 antigen was consistent with clinical severity and prognosis of bladder cancer. The glycosyltransferase GALNT1 could contribute to aberrant glycosylation of Integrin α3. The aberrant glycosylation of integrin α3–activated integrin signaling to initiate FAK activation. BCMab1 could block Integrin engagement to inhibit its signaling leading to cell-cycle arrest. In addition, BCMab1 enhanced FcγR-dependent antitumor activity in vivo.

Conclusions: BCMab1 antigen is a new biomarker for bladder cancer. BCMab1 antibody exhibited potent antitumor activity against bladder cancer in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 20(15); 4001–13. ©2014 AACR.
Pharmacological Characteristics of the Inhibitory Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Vascular Contractions Studied in Rat Mesenteric Artery
Authors: Sato Kyosuke , Chino Daisuke , Sugimoto Taiki , Kanai Keisuke , Obara Keisuke , Miyauchi Seiji , Tanaka Yoshio
Published: July 2014

Background/Aims: Effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on blood vessel contractions to various constrictors were investigated in rat mesenteric artery and compared with those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and linoleic acid (LA). Methods: Tension changes in mesenteric ring segments were isometrically recorded. Results: On sustained contractions induced by a thromboxane A2 mimetic (U46619), DHA exerted a strong inhibitory effect. This inhibitory effect of DHA on U46619 appeared both in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded preparations. Although the inhibitory effect of DHA on prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α)-induced contractions was also significant, contractions to phenylephrine (PE) and high-KCI were not affected by DHA. As well as DHA, EPA strongly diminished U46619- and PGF2α-induced contractions without showing a substantial inhibition of PE- and high-KCl-induced contractions. By contrast, LA did not show any significant inhibitory effects on any contractions. The DHA-induced inhibitory actions exerted on U46619 and PGF2α also emerged if ring preparations were pretreated with this ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Conclusion: DHA and EPA are found to more pronouncedly inhibit prostanoid receptor-mediated contractions than other constrictor responses of the mesenteric artery via endothelium-independent mechanisms. These inhibitory effects of ω-3 PUFAs on prostanoid receptor-mediated contractions may partly underlie the mechanisms by which these ω-3 PUFAs elicit protective actions against circulatory disorders.
Aflatoxin Exposure May Not Play a Role in Liver Cancer Development in Mongolia
Authors: Popp Walter , Gantumur Tsagaan , Ross Birgit , Zorigt Khand , Davaadorj Duger , Rossburg Michael , Sowa Jan-Peter , Canbay Ali
Published: July 2014

Background/Aims: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Mongolia is growing at an alarming rate. Traditional dried food was suggested as the major reason for high HCC numbers, due to possible aflatoxin contamination during manufacturing. We thus aimed to measure aflatoxin concentrations in Mongolian food samples. Methods: Samples of traditional Mongolian food (‘aaruul', dried meat, and dried noodles; in total 11 samples) were collected and shipped to Germany. The food samples were analyzed for aflatoxins by extraction, immunoaffinity purification, and subsequent HPLC with fluorescence detection. Results: The traditional Mongolian food samples did not contain any detectable amounts of aflatoxin. Conclusion: Since Mongolian food does not contain aflatoxins, the cause for the increasing HCC incidence in Mongolia is probably due to a high prevalence of viral hepatitides. Further studies to identify the reason for this development are warranted.
Early Detection of Impending Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Urinary Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein
Authors: Gollin Gerald , Stadie Derek , Mayhew Jon , Slater Laurel , Asmerom Yayesh , Boskovic Danilo , Holden Megan , Angeles Danilyn
Published: July 2014

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is diagnosed after the development of feeding intolerance and characteristic physical and imaging findings. Earlier detection of a subclinical prodrome might allow for the institution of measures that could prevent or attenuate the severity of the disease. Objectives: We sought to determine whether urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (iFABPu) might be elevated prior to the first clinical manifestations of NEC. Methods: Urine was collected daily from 62 infants of a gestational age of 24-28 weeks. Based on clinical, imaging and operative findings, subjects were determined to have Bell stage 2 or 3 NEC. In all the subjects with NEC and in 21 age-matched controls, iFABPu was determined using an ELISA, and was expressed in terms of its ratio to urinary creatinine (Cr), i.e. iFABPu/Cru. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to define the predictive value of iFABPu/Cru for impending NEC in the days prior to the first clinical manifestations. Results: Five subjects developed NEC (stage 2: n = 3 and stage 3: n = 2). The day before the first clinical manifestation of NEC, a ROC curve showed that an iFABPu/Cru >10.2 pg/nmol predicted impending NEC with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95.6%. iFABPu/Cru did not predict NEC 2 days prior to the first sign of disease. Conclusions: An elevated iFABPu was a sensitive and specific predictor of impending NEC 1 day prior to the first clinical manifestations. iFABPu screening might identify infants at a high risk and allow for the institution of measures that could ameliorate or prevent NEC.
Pathology or Normal Variant: What Constitutes a Delay in Puberty?
Authors: Villanueva Carine , Argente Jesús
Published: July 2014

Puberty is a complex maturation process that begins during fetal life and persists until the acquisition of reproduction function. The fundamental event that activates puberty occurs in the hypothalamus. A complex neuron network stimulates GnRH secretion, which stimulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and then gonadal steroid secretion. Pubertal delay is defined as the presentation of clinical signs of puberty 2-2.5 SD later than in the normal population. Three major groups of etiopathogeneses are described: (1) hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, (2) hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, and (3) constitutional delay of puberty (CDP) - the most common cause of delayed puberty in boys. The differential diagnosis between CDP and isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism remains difficult. Mechanisms of pubertal timing are now better understood and genetic or epigenetic causes can explain some pubertal delays. However, there are still unexplained mechanisms. Treatment of delayed puberty is necessary to ensure full pubertal development for the adolescent and in case of hypogonadism, to restore fertility. Finally, precocious diagnosis of hypogonadism is primordial but can be difficult during childhood and in cases of partial hypogonadism. The study of genetic pubertal diseases or of different animal models could help to discover new diagnostic or therapeutic tools.
The Impact of Symptom Burden on Patient Quality of Life in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cella David , Nowinski Cindy J. , Frankfurt Olga
Published: July 2014

Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase are living longer on BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, placing emphasis on issues related to symptom burden and quality of life (QoL). Furthermore, the potential for adverse events with longer-term therapy may result in dose adjustments, treatment discontinuation, or nonadherence, all of which may negatively affect treatment efficacy and QoL. However, instruments to specifically measure the impact of symptom burden and treatment on health-related QoL in patients with CML have not been widely available until recently. The FACT-Leu is a validated tool that measures leukemia-specific and more general QoL concerns. Other tools specific to CML, including the MDASI-CML and the EORTC QLQ-CML24, are undergoing validation. Here, we describe TKI therapy-related symptom burden and its effect on adherence and treatment response, outline instruments to measure symptom burden and QoL in CML, and summarize the available clinical data on QoL of patients on TKI therapy. QoL is an aspect of CML disease management that will continue to gain prominence in the coming years. We believe that the instruments developed now will have a role in informing treatment decisions in routine practice and allowing clinicians to proactively address issues related to symptom burden and QoL.
Outcomes of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants Exposed to Maternal Clinical Chorioamnionitis: A Multicentre Study
Authors: García-Muñoz Rodrigo Fermín , Galán Henríquez Gloria , Figueras Aloy Josep , García-Alix Pérez Alfredo ,   SEN1500 Network
Published: July 2014

Background: Chorioamnionitis is a recognized risk factor of preterm delivery; however, controversy still persists concerning the relationship between maternal inflammation and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the incidence of clinical chorioamnionitis and its relationship to morbidity and mortality among very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of VLBW neonates ≤32 weeks' gestational age (GA) admitted to collaborating units in the Spanish SEN1500 Network between January 2008 and December 2011. Clinical chorioamnionitis was defined by obstetricians based on clinical findings, and neonatal outcomes were compared between exposed and non-exposed infants by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: During the study period, 11,464 VLBW newborns were admitted to our units and 10,026 were ≤32 weeks' GA. Among them, 8,330 (83.1%) had complete data and were included. Of these, 1,480 (17.8%) were exposed to maternal clinical chorioamnionitis. The incidence was higher at lower GA and, after adjusting for confounding factors, exposed infants had higher risks of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) (10.0 vs. 2.8%; aOR 3.102; 95% CI 2.306-4.173; p < 0.001) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (11.2 vs. 7.7%; aOR 1.300; 95% CI 1.021-1.655; p < 0.033), but lower risks of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (43.2 vs. 34.9%; aOR 0.831; 95% CI 0.711-0.971; p < 0.02) and late-onset bacterial sepsis (LONS) (36.6 vs. 32.5%; aOR 0.849; 95% CI 0.729-0.989; p < 0.035). There were no differences in mortality between the groups. Conclusions: The incidence of maternal clinical chorioamnionitis is inversely related to GA at delivery, and in VLBW infants ≤32 weeks' GA it is associated with higher risks of EONS and NEC, but lower risks of PDA and LONS. We did not found differences in survival.
The Effect of Shiga Toxin on Weibel-Palade Bodies in Primary Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Geelen Joyce , van den Biggelaar Maartje , Linssen Peter , van der Velden Thea , Mertens Koen , Monnens Leo
Published: July 2014

Background/Aims: Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome is associated with the presence of Shiga toxin (Stx1, Stx2 and several variants) in the circulation. The aim of this study is to examine the possible triggering effect of Stx1 on the exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPbs). Methods: Cultured human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) and glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs) were stimulated by thrombin and Stx1 in both static and flowing conditions. The amount of secreted von Willebrand factor (VWF) in the supernatant as well as the remaining intracellular fraction was determined. Results: In HUVECs and in 2 out of 4 GMVECs, the stimulation of Stx1 in flow at 1 dyne/cm2 resulted in a decrease of intracellular VWF. This is contrary to the results of Stx1 applied in static conditions. At a higher flow rate of 5 dyne/cm2, no effect in GMVECs was observed. Conclusion: Stx1 can contribute, via an effect on WPbs, to the exocytosis of WPbs in flow conditions in HUVECs and probably in GMVECs. This results in the release of VWF, suggesting an initiating role of the coagulation system in the pathogenesis.
Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomographic Findings of Choroidal Osteoma
Authors: Hayashi Yuki , Mitamura Yoshinori , Egawa Mariko , Semba Kentaro , Nagasawa Toshihiko
Published: July 2014

Purpose: To report the morphologic features of a choroidal osteoma using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Methods: Two eyes of two cases with a choroidal osteoma were studied using SS-OCT and FAF. Results: The location of the tumor was circumpapillary without macular involvement in case 1 and juxtapapillary with macular involvement in case 2. Both cases had a mixture of calcified and decalcified areas, and a concomitant choroidal neovascularization was found in case 2. The FAF images showed decreased autofluorescence in the central decalcified regions and relatively preserved fluorescence in marginal calcified regions in both cases. SS-OCT revealed a normal inner retina and an abnormal outer retina in both cases, and subretinal fluid in case 2. The calcified regions appeared sponge-like and were multilayered in case 2. A lamellar reflective pattern was observed in the decalcified regions in case 1, and hyperreflective mound-like areas were observed in both cases. SS-OCT demonstrated hyperreflective areas above Bruch's membrane accompanied by disruption of Bruch's membrane in case 1. The chorioscleral border was visible in both cases. Conclusions: The FAF pattern in the calcified and decalcified areas of the choroidal osteoma may correspond to the different stage of tumor evolution. The SS-OCT findings indicate that choroidal osteomas can have characteristic reflective patterns and alterations of the overlying retina.
Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District,
Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records
Authors: Fricke Ronald , Allen Gerald R. , Andréfouët Serge , Chen Wei-Jen , Hamel Mélanie A. , Laboute Pierre , Mana Ralph , Hui Tan Heok , Uyeno Daisuke
Published: July 2014

A checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District is presented, combining both previous and new records. After the recent PAPUA NIUGINI 2012 expedition, a total of 1337 species in 129 families have been recorded from the region. One species and one family is not native (Cichlidae: Oreochromis mossambicus), but has been introduced. The native fish fauna of Madang therefore consists of 1336 species in 128 families. The largest families are the Gobiidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Serranidae, Blenniidae, Chaetodontidae, Syngnathidae and Muraenidae, Scorpaenidae and Lutjanidae, Myctophidae, Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Holocentridae, Carangidae, Pomacanthidae and Tetraodontidae, and Caesionidae. A total of 820 fish species (61.4 % of the total marine and estuarine fish fauna) are recorded from Madang for the first time.     The fish fauna of Madang includes a total of 187 species of transitional waters and 1326 species in marine habitats. A total of 156 species of the marine or estuarine species also occurs in freshwater. Zoogeographically, 1271 species have a wide distribution range, most frequently a broad Indo-West Pacific distribution. Among the remaining species, only 8 are endemic to Madang District.     Anthropogenic threats to the fish fauna and habitats of Madang District include extensive fishing in Madang Lagoon, sometimes with destructive fishing practices; the discharge of untreated sewage of human settlements, mining and industrial developments into the lagoon and nearby oceanic habitats; and destruction of mangrove habitats by extensive construction work on the shores. These anthropogenic threats may call for conservation and monitoring measures in the near future.
Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Polarimetric Tornadic Debris Signatures
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. , Jauernic Sabrina T.
Published: July 2014

Nonmeteorological scatter, including debris lofted by tornadoes, may be detected using the polarimetric radar variables. For the 17 months from January 2012 to May 2013, radar data were examined for each tornado reported in the domain of an operational polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). Characteristics of the tornadic debris signature (TDS) were recorded when a signature was present. Approximately 16% of all tornadoes reported in Storm Data were associated with a debris signature, and this proportion is shown to vary regionally. Signatures were more frequently seen with tornadoes that were rated higher on the enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, with tornadoes causing higher reported total property damage, with tornadoes that were closer to the radar and thus intercepted by the beam at lower altitude, and associated with tornadoes with greater total pathlength. Tornadic debris signatures were most common in spring, when more strong tornadoes occur, and in autumn, when natural debris is more available. Debris-signature areal extent is shown to increase consistently with EF-scale rating and tornado longevity. Vertical extent of a TDS is shown to be greatest for strong, long-lived tornadoes with large radii of damaging wind. Land cover is also shown to exhibit some control over TDS characteristics—in particular, a large percentage of tornadoes with substantial track over urban land cover exhibited a TDS and do so very quickly after reported tornadogenesis, as compared with tornadoes over other land-cover classifications. TDS characteristics over grassland and cropland tended to be similar.
Social Media as Technologies of Accountability
Authors: Treem Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2014

This study extends recent work exploring the affordances of social media in organizations by considering how social media may also operate as technologies of accountability. This perspective adopts a performative view of social media use in organizations and recognizes that the technologies not only display communication to organizational members but also, in doing so, potentially increase the accountability of workers. Using a case study of the implementation of a social media system inside a financial services company, this work explores how workers view social media in terms of various forms of accountability. The findings reveal that prior to implementation of the social media system workers expressed concern about the accountability social media would create, and that the reluctance to face the accountability associated with communications led to low use of the social media system.