bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distally Based Peroneus Brevis Muscle Flap for Soft Tissue Reconstruction in Lower Third of Leg: A Case Series
Authors: Rao Tanvi , Victor Jonathan , Vijay J , Lingam PP
Published: August 2022

Covering soft tissue defects in the distal part of leg and ankle is difficult. Most of the flaps used in reconstructing these defects are bulky and aesthetically unpleasing. The peroneus brevis muscle flap is ideal for covering these defects and providing an aesthetically better outcome. Peroneus brevis is a muscle located in the lateral compartment of the leg. It can be used for covering defects over the ankle and distal part of the leg without causing loss of function. This study was done to assess the surgical technique and clinical outcomes in the use of this muscle flap. This case series presents the authors’ experience of six cases of distally based peroneus brevis muscle flap. Three of the six patients were found to have superficial flap necrosis. Two of these three was treated with debridement and Split Skin Grafting (SSG) while one was managed conservatively with daily dressings. This flap is simple, easy to rise and useful in covering small defects of 3-4 cm width in the distal part of the leg and ankle. The donor site to be closed primarily leaving behind only a thin linear scar. Overtime the flap thins down and gives good cosmetic results. Donor site morbidity is minimal as the peroneus longus muscle is preserved and thus the function of the foot (plantar flexion and foot eversion) is intact. The distally based peroneus brevis flap is a reliable flap for covering defects over the distal one third of the leg, the upper half of the medial and lateral malleoli and the posterior aspect of the heel.
Long-standing Renal Hydatid Cyst Mimicking an Angiomyolipoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Fernandes Ellerhea Shalom , Kamle Deepak Madhukar
Published: August 2022

Primary hydatid cyst of the kidney is very rare and accounts for 1-4% of all hydatid disease. Authors hereby reports an unusual case of an isolated, long-standing renal hydatid cyst, mimicking an angiomyolipoma on imaging. A 72-year-old female, from a rural area, presented with pain in the right flank since two years. She also complained of mild fever off and on, since one year. A 10×10 cm, non tender lump was palpated in the right flank. Ultrasonography and computerised tomography showed a large rightsided renal mass measuring 10 cms and a diagnosis of angiomyolipoma was rendered. A right sided open/simple nephrectomy was done. The kidney was large, cystic, firm and was sent for histopathological examination. On gross examination, a large, unilocular, thick- walled, cystic lesion was seen. Cut-surface showed heterogeneous, creamy coloured necrotic contents, with few nodular gelatinous masses. On microscopy, characteristic acellular, laminated structure of the ectocyst of Echinococcus granulosus was seen. Extensive calcification and ossification of the cyst wall with bone marrow production was also seen. Contents of the cyst were necrotic and no daughter cysts were seen. Adipose tissue of the bone marrow was mistaken on imaging for the lipomatous component of an angiomyolipoma. Isolated renal hydatid cyst is very uncommon and though active hydatid cysts do have characteristic radiological findings, they can be misdiagnosed as a benign renal tumours. Renal cysts or abscesses. Old cases show degenerative changes as well as calcification and are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Surgical treatment of renal hydatid cyst depends on the size, number of cysts, exact intrarenal location and residual renal function.
Seroprevalence and Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Leptospirosis in Acute Febrile Illness Cases at a Medical College in Amritsar, Punjab, India
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Singh Kanwardeep , Oberoi Loveena , Sidhu Shailpreet Kaur , Singh Amandeep
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonotic disease; it occurs worldwide but is most common in tropical and subtropical countries. It is usually underreported due to a lack of awareness, atypical presentations and lack of diagnostic facilities, especially in a resource-limited setting like India. Knowing the local prevalence of such infections is of utmost importance for appropriate control and management. Aim: To estimate the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among suspected Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) cases and to assess the clinicoepidemiological profile of leptospirosis cases presented at Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India. A total of 360 clinically suspected AFI cases were enrolled in the study. The demographic and clinical profile of the cases was taken on a semistructured predesigned proforma. Blood sample was collected from the patients, and an Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was done for diagnosis. Data analysis was done using International Business Machines (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical package for windows. Results: Out of 360 AFI cases suspected of leptospirosis, 62 (17.2%) were positive for leptospirosis IgM ELISA. The majority of AFI cases and leptospirosis cases belonged to the 21-40 years age group followed by the 41-60 years age group. Seroprevalence was found to be higher in males (20.8%) as compared to females (12.7%). Maximum seroprevalence (20.1%) was seen during the monsoon season followed by the autumn, summer and winter season. The association between risk exposure to risk factors and leptospirosis seroprevalence was found to be statistically significant (p=0.034). Fever, myalgia, headache, nausea/vomiting, icterus and hepatomegaly were common clinical features observed in leptospirosis cases. Conclusion: Leptospirosis has rapidly emerged to become the major cause of AFI in many parts of India. High seroprevalence of leptospirosis was reported among undifferentiated AFI cases in the present study. A programmatic approach towards the prevention, control and management of these emerging diseases in Punjab is highly recommended.
PERAN LITERASI DALAM PENINGKATAN SUMBER DAYA GURU DI SDN SE-KEPANEWON CANGKRINGAN, DIY
Authors: Pradana Bartolomeu Galih Visnhu , Mayasari Agatha , Pratama Yohanes Mario
Published: August 2022

Tiap masyarakat mempunyai hak yang sama untuk memperoleh pendidikan yang berkualitas. Kualitas pembelajaran tidaklah statis, melainkan dinamis dengan mendorong persyaratan hasil belajar pada kemajuan sains dan teknologi untuk membentuk pengembangan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Yogyakarta merupakan sebuah kota yang dijuluki sebagai Kota Pelajar, akan tetapi masih banyak permasalahan pendidikan yang dikeluhkan khususnya terkait hak belajar siswa. Memastikan setiap anak memperoleh hak akses pendidikan berkualitas di lingkungan yang aman masih menjadi tugas yang belum sepenuhnya selesai. Penurunan kualitas Pendidikan di Yogyakarta pun diungkap oleh Kepala Dinas Pendidikan, Pemuda dan Olahraga Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta di masa pandemi ini, sehingga menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab berbagai pihak untuk meningkatkan sistem dan kualitas pendidikan. Pada era pendidikan 4.0, diskusi tentang literasi sangatlah mendesak, terutama di tingkat sekolah sebagai fondasi dalam mengubah kualitas pendidikan untuk membangun dan mengoptimalkan implementasi literasi baru, yaitu literasi data, teknologi, dan manusia. Implementasi literasi bermanfaat bagi pendidik untuk profesional dalam berperan aktif meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan keterampilan. Para pendidik yang berkompeten akan mampu membimbing, menciptakan pengelolaan kelas, dan mendorong proses interaksi dengan situasi yang lebih efektif untuk mencapai tingkat optimal pada hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini, sejalan dengan keadaan kendala yang dialami SDN se-Kapanewon Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam pengembangan sumber daya guru dan peningkatan literasi. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Tim Fakultas Bisnis dan Ekonomika Universitas Atma Jaya, diadakan penyuluhan dan pendampingan pengembangan sumber daya manusia dan literasi untuk membantu pendidikan sekolah dasar di SDN se-Kapanewon Cangkringan dalam memperkuat kembali komitmen terhadap misi pendidikan dan membantu mengembangkan pengelolaan sumber daya manusia SDN se-Kapanewon Cangkringan, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
IMPLEMENTASI SENI MURAL KREATIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN BAGI JEMAAT GKJW SUKUN MALANG
Authors: Dektisa Andrian , Sutanto Ryan , Eklessia Mega
Published: August 2022

Mural digunakan sebagai objek Abdimas yang bertujuan sebagai penanda visual kualitas pelayanan dalam aktivitas bergereja di GKJW jemaat Sukun Malang. Jemaat di GKJW itu bertekad membangun kembali sarana dan prasarana yang digunakan untuk pelayanan, salah satunya TK Gracia dan SD Kristen Ngaglik, yang ‘terbengkalai’ selama bertahun-tahun. Prodi Desain Komunikasi Visual UK Petra diminta untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut dengan giat bersama warga jemaat melukis mural di TK dan SD itu. Aktivitas itu dilakukan dengan melukis tembok bangunan TK dan SD seluas 25 meter, melibatkan dosen, mahasiswa dan warga gereja. Implementasi seni mural yang menggerakkan warga gereja tersebut juga menjadi aktivitas warga GKJW jemaat Sukun dalam Bulan Kesaksian dan Pelayanan Gereja selama Mei sampai Juni 2022. Perancangan menggunakan cara kualitatif yakni metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara dengan pengelola lembaga, dan FGD dengan panitia pembangunan/master plan. Mural dilukis pada tujuh spot tembok yang terdapat di dalam dan luar sekolah. Metode analisis data menggunakan 5W1H sehingga dibuatlah solusi abdimas berupa lukisan mural. Evaluasi pada mural di TK Gracia dan SDK YBPK Ngaglik Malang itu dilakukan menggunakan cara kualitatif kepada stakeholder dengan hasil yang mengindikasikan kepuasan yang sangat baik atas elaborasi karya tiga entitas (dosen-mahasiswa-warga gereja) dan juga pada kualitas karya mural itu sendiri.
A mathematical model captures the role of adenyl cyclase Cyr1 and guanidine exchange factor Ira2 in creating a growth‐to‐hyphal bistable switch in Candida albicans
Authors: Sriram K
Published: August 2022

Recent biochemical experiments have indicated that in Candida albicans, a commensal fungal pathogen, the Ras signaling pathway plays a significant role in the yeast‐to‐hyphal transition; specifically, two enzymes in this pathway, Adenyl Cyclase Cyr1 and GTPase activating protein Ira2, facilitate this transition, in the presence of energy sensor ATP. However, the precise mechanism by which protein interactions between Ira2 and Cyr1 and the energy sensor ATP result in the yeast‐to‐hyphal transition and create a switch‐like process are unknown. We propose a new set of biochemical reaction steps that captures all the essential interactions between Ira2, Cyr1, and ATP in the Ras pathway. With the help of chemical reaction network theory, we demonstrate that this set of biochemical reaction steps results in bistability. Further, bifurcation analysis of the differential equations based on this set of reaction steps supports the existence of a bistable switch, and this switch may act as a checkpoint mechanism for the promotion of growth‐to‐hyphal transition in C. albicans.
Recent Progress in Hole‐Transporting Layers of Conventional Organic Solar Cells with p–i–n Structure
Authors: Zhang Xuning , Zhang Hong , Li Yanxun , Zafar Saud‐uz , Yang Shuo , Chen Jianhui , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2022

Recently, organic solar cells (OSCs) have received rapid boosts in the power conversion efficiency (PCE), due to progresses in materials and device engineering. Several groups have reported champion PCEs over 19% in single‐junction, ternary, and tandem OSCs. In addition to the concentrated focus on the new design of OSC active materials, buffer layer materials, used for the interface layer providing the functionalities of interface charge transport and collection in OSCs, are of critical importance for the optimization of PCE. Compared with the electron transport layers (ETL), the hole transport layers (HTLs) have received less attention and are still dominated by the commercial material poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which has limitations for the efficiency and OSC device stability enhancement. In this Review, the recent progress in HTL materials, including the modifications for PEDOT:PSS, alternative HTL materials based on polymers and inorganic oxide materials, etc, is summarized. This review also provides a summative prospect aiming to help scientists apprehend the current possibilities and challenges in this field.
Ag‐Refined Kesterite in Superstrate Solar Cell Configuration with 9.7% Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Wang Zhuoran , Wang Yongjie , Taghipour Nima , Peng Lucheng , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: August 2022

Thin‐film photovoltaic materials offer a sustainable solution to the current environmental and energy challenges, among which kesterite or Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 is of particular interest due to its earth‐abundant, non‐toxic nature, and realization of rapid efficiency improvement in earlier 2010s. In contrast to the majority of research on kesterite solar cells that relies on the substrate configuration, this study is pioneering in applying superstrate configuration to tackle the surface incompatibility challenges as well as the use of Cd‐based buffer layers encountered in the substrate configuration – issues that act as barriers in the deployment of this photovoltaic technology. By applying a Ag‐refining step on an ultrathin (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 with TiO2 buffer layer, a Cd‐free superstrate kesterite solar cell with efficiency of 9.7% – a record high efficiency in its class is reported. This refining step is crucial in increasing the ratio of Ag/(Cu+Ag) to 40%–60%, overcoming the limit of 35% set by efficient substrate devices. The promoted grain growth and improved charge transport kinetics (i.e., enhanced lifetime/extraction and reduced trap states) ultimately contribute to the boost of performance. Critical device/semiconductor characteristics reveal a majorly depleted absorber but with high density of back surface defects identified as the main limiting factor in device performance.
Scalable Robust Superamphiphobic Coatings Enabled by Self‐Similar Structure, Protective Micro‐Skeleton, and Adhesive for Practical Anti‐Icing of High‐Voltage Transmission Tower
Authors: Wei Jinfei , Li Bucheng , Tian Ning , Zhang Jiaojiao , Liang Weidong , Zhang Junping
Published: August 2022

Superamphiphobic coatings have wide application prospects in various fields, but suffer from low mechanical robustness. Although some strategies have been reported to solve the issue, it is still challenging for large‐scale preparation of robust superamphiphobic coatings via facile approaches. Here, a universal preparation method of mechanically robust superamphiphobic coatings by spraying a suspension containing silica nanoparticles decorated with perfluorodecyl polysiloxane and adhesive microparticles on various substrates have been reported. Phase separation of the adhesive avoids embedding of the nanoparticles in the adhesive by forming the nanoparticles@microparticles structure and meanwhile generates a reentrant tri‐tier hierachical micro‐/micro‐/nanostructure. Phase separation determines micromorphology, chemical composition, superamphiphobicity, and mechanical robustness of the coatings. Consequently, the coatings show excellent static and dynamic superamphiphobicity. Moreover, the coatings show excellent mechanical robustness because of the combined effects of the self‐similar structure, protective micro‐skeleton, and adhesive. Furthermore, scalable preparation of the suspension and the superamphiphobic coatings have been achieved. The coatings can significantly delay the water freezing time and thus show good passive anti‐icing performance on the 1000 kV high‐voltage transmission tower. It is believed that the robust superamphiphobic coatings have great application potential, as the method is simple and scalable.
Large Room Temperature Anomalous Transverse Thermoelectric Effect in Kagome Antiferromagnet YMn6Sn6
Authors: Roychowdhury Subhajit , Ochs Andrew M. , Guin Satya N. , Samanta Kartik , Noky Jonathan , Shekhar Chandra , Vergniory Maia G. , Goldberger Joshua E. , Felser Claudia
Published: August 2022

Kagome magnets possess several novel nontrivial topological features owing to the strong correlation between topology and magnetism that extends to their applications in the field of thermoelectricity. Conventional thermoelectric (TE) devices use the Seebeck effect to convert heat into electrical energy. In contrast, transverse thermoelectric devices based on the Nernst effect are attracting recent attention due to their unique transverse geometry, which uses a single material to eliminate the need for a multitude of electrical connections compared to conventional TE devices. Here, a large anomalous transverse thermoelectric effect of ≈2 µV K−1 at room temperature in a kagome antiferromagnet YMn6Sn6 single crystal is obtained. The obtained value is larger than that of state‐of‐the‐art canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials and comparable with ferromagnetic systems. The large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) can be attributed to the net Berry curvature near the Fermi level. Furthermore, the ANE of the AFM YMn6Sn6 exceeds the magnetization scaling relationship of conventional ferromagnets. The results clearly illustrate that AFM material YMn6Sn6 is an ideal topological material for room‐temperature transverse thermoelectric applications.
Enhanced Bending Resistance and Efficiency of Flexible PSCs Derived from Self‐Healing and Passivation Double Function of a Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Lei Yue , Li Haimin , Liu Xingchong , Wang Hanyu , Ni Yafei , Gong Xiaoli , Zou Wenjing , Tang Yanling , Liu Shuqian
Published: August 2022

Flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) show promising applications because of their lightweight and flexible properties. However, f‐PSCs still suffer from low efficiencies and poor stabilities. Here, vinyl tri (2‐methoxyethoxy) silane (VTMES) is introduced between perovskite and hole transport layer. The oxydic silane coupling agent effectively suppresses PbI2 formation in perovskite by forming PbO bonding, which greatly improves perovskite phase. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) results demonstrate that p‐type doping is formed in the modified device, which effectively inhibits carrier recombination. The silane coupling agent plays double role in the devices. On one hand, it greatly improves the bending resistance of f‐PSCs due to its excellent self‐healing properties, on the other hand, it obviously suppresses defects and restrains carrier recombination of the devices by facilitating perovskite grain growth. As a result, f‐PSCs with a champion efficiency of 17.01% increased from 15.28% are achieved with high reproducibility. Meanwhile, f‐PSCs present robust bending resistance. Optimal modified devices can maintain 92% of their initial efficiency after 3000 bending cycles, while the control one can only remain 55%. This work paves a new path for f‐PSCs to improve photovoltaic properties and bending resistance by oxydic silane coupling agents.
Rational Construction of Self‐Standing Layered Polyhedral Co3O4/CoS2 Heterostructure Materials Boosting Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Jing Shuang , Zhao Chunyan , Zhang Xiaojie , Kong Shuo , Lan Xiong , Ma Zhenping , Feng Hui , Gong Wenbin , Tian Konghu , Li Qiulong , Feng Yongbao
Published: August 2022

The increasing demands of electric vehicles and portable electronics have stimulated enhanced investigations on lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high capacity, increased rate capability, and long cycle stability. Transition metal oxides (TMOs) are regarded as the most promising anode materials for LIBs due to their higher theoretical capacity. However, the low conductivity and poor rate‐capability of the TMOs have seriously restricted their further development in the LIBs. Herein, layered polyhedral cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/cobalt disulifde (CoS2) with heterostructure is directly grown on carbon cloth (CC) via a facile hydrothermal method and one‐step sulfuration process for use as an anode. The heterostructures can effectively enhance the charge transfer capability due to the interfacial effect between Co3O4 and CoS2. Due to the decrease of the diffusion barrier on the nanocrystalline surface, the electrical conductivity of the material is significantly increased, the ionic diffusion resistance is significantly reduced, and the interface electron transfer increases. The Co3O4/CoS2//CC can deliver a high capacity (1545.8 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and outstanding cycling life (493 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles). This method provides a new idea and choice for the application of heterogeneous anode materials for LIBs.
Adipocyte‐Derived Exosomal MTTP Suppresses Ferroptosis and Promotes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiumo , Deng Ting , Zhang Hongdian , Zuo Duo , Zhu Qihang , Bai Ming , Liu Rui , Ning Tao , Zhang Le , Yu Zhentao , Zhang Haiyang , Ba Yi
Published: August 2022

Obesity is closely related to a poor prognosis in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), but the mechanisms remain unclear. Ferroptosis is a form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and iron dependency and is associated with the chemoresistance of tumors. Here, it is shown that adipose‐derived exosomes reduce ferroptosis susceptibility in CRC, thus promoting chemoresistance to oxaliplatin. It is found that microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression is increased in the plasma exosomes of CRC patients with a high body fat ratio, serving as an inhibitor of ferroptosis and reducing sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, the MTTP/proline‐rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1) complex inhibited zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 expression and upregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 and xCT, leading to a decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio and lipid ROS levels. Moreover, experiments are carried out in organoids, and a tumor implantation model is established in obese mice, demonstrating that the inhibition of MTTP increases the sensitivity to chemotherapy. The results reveal a novel intracellular signaling pathway mediated by adipose‐derived exosomes and suggest that treatments targeting secreted MTTP might reverse oxaliplatin resistance in CRC.
Food safety, reputation, and regulation
Authors: Bovay John
Published: August 2022

This article reviews the empirical economics literature on food safety, reputation, and regulation. Producers have strong private incentives to provide safe food, largely related to reputation, especially the negative demand effects seen in response to food‐safety problems. Mandatory disclosure of information about food safety can change demand and improve safety outcomes. Private incentives led producers and marketers to adopt private and collective standards for produce safety prior to the implementation of similar government regulations in the United States. Private and collective standards and government regulations all have distributional effects. The article concludes with some policy suggestions informed by the literature.
Sexual dimorphism and biomechanical loading in occipital bone morphological variation
Authors: Hoover Kara C. , Thomas Geoffrey P.
Published: August 2022

We explore the contribution of biological sex and biomechanical activity from subsistence to occipital bone variation. Previous studies have used occipital bone traits to determine biological sex and identify ancestry to differing degrees of success. Biomechanical stress from variation in subsistence and gender‐based divisions of labor could perhaps explain some of the noise in the signal for these grouping variables. To explore this possibility, we used metric (foramen magnum length and breadth, external occipital protuberance depth, lambda‐inion length, bicondylar breadth) and nonmetric traits (general occipital form, presence of a nuchal crest, and nuchal line count). We collected original data and mined published data for our analysis using skeletal collections of Native American hunter‐gatherers and horticulturalists, a historic military site, and contemporary study collections. We find that the foramen magnum area exhibits sexual dimorphism and is not influenced by subsistence, but the accuracy of sex estimation is only 71%, suggesting the chance of being correct at slightly more than two‐thirds. All traits exhibited sex‐based variation but only bicondylar breadth and lambda‐inion metrics exhibited subsistence‐based variation. Given the limited amount of variance explained by either sex or sex and subsistence, biomechanics may still play a role but not from the influence of subsistence practices in these datasets. Additional data from a wider array of skeletal samples, perhaps with known occupation, is warranted if we are to understand how occipital variation is shaped.
On the Reconstruction of the Scalar Mode of GW170817 in Scalar‐Tensor Gravity Theory
Authors: Gushima Yuya , Hayama Kazuhiro
Published: August 2022

In general metric theory of gravity, a gravitational wave is allowed to have up to six polarizations: two scalar and two vector modes in addition to tensor modes. In case the number of laser‐interferometric gravitational wave telescopes is larger than the number of polarizations of a gravitational wave, all the polarizations can be individually reconstructed. Since it depends on theories of gravity which polarizations the gravitational waves have, the investigation of polarizations is important for the test of theories of gravity. In order to test the scalar–tensor gravity theory, one of important alternative theories of gravity, the scalar mode of GW170817 observed by LIGO Livingstone, Hanford and Virgo is reconstructed without prior information about any tensor–scalar gravity theories. The upper limit of the scalar mode in term of the band‐limited root‐sum‐square of the amplitude is with the time window of 2 [s] and frequency window of ≈60–120 [Hz]. It is also studied how much the tensor modes are leaked into the reconstructed scalar mode, and it is found that the reconstructed scalar mode contains roughly 30% of energy leaked from the tensor modes.
Quality characteristics and volatile compounds of oil extracted from njangsa seed
Authors: Arrey Immaculate T. , Wyatt Victor T. , Nguyen Anh , Jones Kerby , Asare‐Okai Papa Nii , Tawiah Nii Adjetey , Ozbay Gulnihal , Besong Samuel A. , Aryee Alberta N. A.
Published: August 2022

Unconventional and underutilized plant oils are increasing popular and helping to meet demand for food, health and other industrial application. In recent years, the search for alternative sources that deliver healthful benefits, low‐environmental impact and ethical responsibility have become a priority to both scientists and industry. Oil from njangsa seed (Ricinodendron heudelotti) was recovered using four selected enzymes—hemicellulase, protease, pectinase, and amylase in an enzyme‐assisted aqueous extraction (EAE) and the recovery, quality indices and fatty acid composition was compared to solvent extraction using hexane (HE). Njangsa seed oil (NSO) recovered from the EAE ranged between 29 and 36% and were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than HE (46%), and the quality indices (free fatty acid, peroxide, para‐anisidine, and thiobarbituric acid values) were consistently lower and better than HE‐NSO. The fatty acid profile of EAE‐NSO was qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to HE‐NSO, with differences among the enzymes used. Alpha‐eleostearic acid was the most abundant fatty acid and was consistently ca 41% among the samples. Among the volatile compounds analyzed on the polar and nonpolar columns, 13 (2 alcohols, 9 aldehydes, and 2 esters) were detected in EAE‐NSO using hemicellulase, and 35 (4 aldehydes, 1 ester, and 30 hydrocarbons) in HE‐NSO. The most abundant flavor compounds identified were pentanal, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, 3‐methylpentane, (E,E)‐2,4‐nonadienal, (E)‐2‐heptenal, hexanal, 1‐butanol, and butanal. This study suggests that the amount, quality, and content of oil and volatile compounds in NSO can be influenced by the choice of extractant.
Synthesis of new copolyimides containing pyridine and morpholine groups for gas separation through molecular design and simulation
Authors: Ni Jing , Niu Hongchao , Lai Shiqing , Liu Chanjuan , Zhou Li , Wang Lichun , Huang Xiaohua
Published: August 2022

Through one‐step copolymerization of 4‐(4‐[1‐morpholinyl]phenyl)‐2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)pyridine (MPAP), 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), and (4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), a series of polyimides containing morpholine group, pyridine ring, fluorene “cardo” pendant and hexafluoroisopropyl group are obtained. The synthesized polyimides have good thermal stability, high transparency, outstanding hydrophobicity and excellent solubility in not only high‐boiling solvents but also low boiling‐point solvents. Furthermore, polyimide films have large molecular chain spacing, which is consistent with the free volume calculated by molecular simulation. Consequently, polyimide membranes display better gas permeability values of CO2 (up to 24.47 Barrer) and He (up to 45.04 Barrer), and good ideal gas selectivity values of CO2/N2 (up to 15.33 Barrer) and He/N2 (up to 23.89 Barrer), which also shows potential application of polyimide matrix materials in gas separation.
Optimization of process parameters for the preparation of continuous glass fiber‐reinforced Nylon 6 composites by vacuum bagging process
Authors: Dong Xianwen , Chen Ke , Xue Ping , Cui Yonghui , Jia Mingyin
Published: August 2022

Vacuum bagging (VB) technology has become an important method for low‐cost preparation of advanced composites materials. In this work, continuous glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide‐6 (GF/PA‐6) composites were successfully manufactured bt VB process, utilizing the anionic polymerization of caprolactam (a monomer of PA‐6). The effects of vacuum pressure, curing temperature, curing time on the monomer conversion, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by the self‐made experimental platform. The results indicated that the number of fiber layers affected the properties of products by affecting the thickness of composites. Vacuum pressure mainly affected the impregnation process of resin on fiber, and the product performance was the best at 1 bar. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites reached the highest when the curing temperature was 150°C and the curing time was 90 min, which were 273.92 MPa and 14.04 GPa respectively, while the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) was highest at 170°C, up to 42.73 MPa.
Chemically bonded PA‐PTFE‐oil compounds by reactive processing: Chemical, thermal, morphological, and mechanical analysis
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duong , Schmidt Thomas , Meißner Till , Malanin Mikhail , Uhlig Kai , Schlenstedt Kornelia , Schwarz Simona , Stommel Markus , Voit Brigitte , Gedan‐Smolka Michaela
Published: August 2022

In this research, the novel materials based on polyamide (PA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and olefinic oil molecules are produced as a solid lubricant in metal‐plastic sliding contacts or sacrificial elements in metal–metal sliding contacts. For these applications, high durability of the compound material combined with low wear is required for long‐term use under high friction and mechanical loads. Earlier studies of IPF have shown that chemical bonding between the polymer matrix and the solid lubricant is mandatory to meet these requirements. For this purpose, the compounds are fabricated by a novel two‐step reactive processing procedure based on radiation‐modified PTFE, which exhibits reactive‐functional groups (COOH) and persistent perfluoroalkyl‐(peroxy)‐radicals (COO·). The PA‐PTFE‐oil‐cb compound materials (cb: chemically bonded) are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) concerning breaking down behavior and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy with regards to the chemical covalent bonding state between the three components. Results of scanning electron microscopy investigations in correlation with DSC show that chemical bonding between PA and PTFE‐oil‐cb leads to a homogeneous distribution of solid lubricant particles in the three various PA matrices. Due to the chemical coupling, the compounds offer almost comparable or improved mechanical properties in the case of toughness compared to non‐modified PA.
Risk of osteoporosis in testicular germ cell tumour survivors: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Vrouwe Josephina P. M. , Hennus Pauline M. L. , Hamdy Neveen A. T. , Osanto Susanne , Willemse Peter‐Paul M.
Published: August 2022

Context

Testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) survivors are potentially at risk of developing osteoporosis, because of increased risk for disturbed bone remodelling associated with hypogonadism and anti‐cancer treatment. A number of studies show bone loss and increased fracture risk in TGCT survivors, but data are scarce. There are no clinical guidelines or recommendations issued to address skeletal health in this group of patients potentially at high risk for osteoporosis.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of available literature addressing bone health in TGCT patients. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify risk factors for bone loss and increased fracture risk.

Evidence Acquisition

Relevant databases, including MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library, including all English written comparative studies addressing bone health in TGCT patients, were searched up to December 2021 and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane ROBINS‐I tool.

Evidence Synthesis

Ten studies (eight cross‐sectional and two longitudinal), recruiting a total of 1997 unique TGCT patients, were identified and included in the analysis. Bone health was reported in various ways in different studies, and subgroups were defined heterogeneously, resulting in a widely varying prevalence of osteoporosis of up to 73.2% of patients. Six studies reported low BMD associated with higher luteinizing hormone levels and one study showed a correlation between follow up duration and bone loss.

Conclusions

TGCT survivors are at risk of developing osteoporosis and sustaining fragility fractures. Chemotherapy, pituitary‐gonadal axis dysfunction and ageing are key risk factors, although available data are scarce. With increasing survival of TGCT patients, a clear unmet need has been identified to systematically evaluate and monitor skeletal health in larger numbers of survivors in order to develop best clinical practice guidelines to manage the insidious but potentially preventable and treatable skeletal complications of TGCT.
Posterior circulation stroke due to intracranial artery disease in the Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Changqing , Li Zixiao , Liu Liping , Pu Yuehua , Zou Xinying , Yan Hongyi , Pan Yuesong , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun
Published: August 2022

Background

Little is known about the distribution of the intracranial arteries that are responsible for noncardiogenic posterior circulation stroke (PCS) in the Chinese population. Furthermore, few studies have compared the imaging manifestations and outcomes across PCS due to the disease of different intracranial arteries. Therefore, our aim was to demonstrate the distribution of the intracranial arteries that were responsible for noncardiogenic PCS and to compare the imaging manifestations and outcome across PCS due to the disease of different intracranial arteries.

Methods

We prospectively enrolled 690 patients from 22 Chinese centers with noncardiogenic PCS due to intracranial artery disease. Intracranial artery disease was classified as intracranial vertebral artery disease (IVAD) and intracranial nonvertebral artery disease (INVAD). Clinical‐radiologic patterns and outcomes were compared between IVAD and INVAD.

Results

INVAD was more frequent than IVAD. Compared to the INVAD group, the IVAD group more frequently had hypertension, coronary heart disease, multiple infarcts, border zone infarcts, territorial infarcts, small cortical infarcts, multilevel infarcts, multisector infarcts, and more often had severe stenosis of the responsible artery, more often presented with decreased alertness, gaze palsy, bilateral limb weakness, ataxia, dysphagia, diplopia, vertigo, and headache. In addition, the IVAD group had a higher National Institutes of Health stroke scale score and modified Rankin Scale score at discharge and more deaths and recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular disease within 1 year of onset. Multivariable Cox regression identified IVAD as an independent predictor of recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Conclusions

PCS due to INVAD was more common in the Chinese population. However, PCS due to IVAD had more serious clinical‐radiologic patterns and worse outcomes.
Carbon performance, financial performance and market value: The moderating effect of pay incentives
Authors: Adu Douglas A. , Flynn Antoinette , Grey Colette
Published: August 2022

We investigate the interrelationships among carbon performance, CEO Pay, executive compensation, financial performance and market value. Using data relating to non‐financial firms from UK FTSE 350 from 2009 to 2018, our findings are fourfold. First, our results suggest that actual carbon performance is negatively associated with financial performance and market value of firms. Second, we document that self‐reported carbon performance has no effect on financial performance. By contrast, we observe that self‐reported carbon reduction initiatives performance has positive impact on market value. Third, our results suggest that CEO Pay, and executive compensation have positive moderating effect on the association between self‐reported carbon performance and financial performance. In addition, we show that self‐reported carbon performance–market value nexus is positively moderated by CEO Pay and executive compensation. Fourth, we observe that CEO Pay, and executive compensation have no moderating impact on actual carbon performance–market value nexus. Our findings demonstrate that while firms appear to employ compensation incentives to symbolically enhance their self‐reported carbon performance, this does not result in actual carbon emission reduction. Our findings have key implications for policymakers.
Home‐based physical activity after treatment for esophageal cancer—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Anandavadivelan Poorna , Malberg Kalle , Vikstrom Karin , Nielsen Sandra , Holdar Ulrika , Johar Asif , Lagergren Pernilla
Published: August 2022

Background

The treatment of most esophageal cancer patients includes chemo(radio)therapy and extensive surgery, causing physical decline with loss of muscles. This trial aimed to test the hypothesis that a tailored home‐based physical activity (PA) intervention improves muscle strength and mass in patients having undergone curative treatment for esophageal cancer.

Methods

Patients operated for esophageal cancer 1 year earlier were included in a nationwide randomized controlled trial in Sweden in 2016–2020. The intervention group was randomized to a 12‐week home‐based exercise program, while the control group was encouraged to maintain routine daily PA. The primary outcomes were changes in maximal/average hand grip strength measured with hand grip dynamometer and lower extremity strength measured using 30‐second chair stand test and muscle mass measured using a portable bio‐impedance analysis monitor. Intention‐to‐treat analysis was used, and results were presented as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

Among 161 randomized patients, 134 completed the study, 64 in the intervention group and 70 in the control group. Compared with the control group (MD 2.73; 95% CI 1.75–3.71), patients in the intervention group (MD 4.48; 95% CI 3.18–5.80) had statistically significantly (p = 0.03) improved lower extremity strength. No differences were seen for hand grip strength or muscle mass.

Conclusion

A home‐based PA intervention 1 year after surgery for esophageal cancer improves lower extremity muscle strength.
Dynamic leader role modeling for self‐organizing crowd evacuation simulation
Authors: Wu Hui , Wang Changbo , He Gaoqi
Published: August 2022

The role of the leader in the self‐organizing crowd has a significant influence on the crowd evacuation when an emergency occurs. However, current crowd evacuation models either ignore the leadership characteristics of pedestrians or predefine an invariable leader identity. This article clearly distinguishes leaders from followers in a crowd and evaluates the impact of the leader's role on crowd evacuation under dynamic situations. First, the leadership model of the pedestrian is built based on the classic OCEAN personality parameters. Social dominance tendency is measured for more credibility. Then, the dynamic leader role model (DLRM) is proposed to describe the relationship between leaders and followers, considering the interaction among pedestrians during the evacuation. Finally, a novel crowd simulation algorithm based on the above DLRM is presented using the extended social force model. Various experiments in several typical scenarios verified that our proposed simulation model has better realism.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Migratory Inhibition and Docking Study of Indenopyrazolones as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Hosseini Nasab Narges , Han Yohan , Hassan Shah Fahad , Vanjare Balasaheb D. , Ja Kim Song
Published: August 2022

Some bioactive derivatives of indeno[1,2‐c]pyrazolones were synthesized through the reaction of phenylhydrazine, different aldehydes and indan‐1,2,3‐trione at room temperature in acetonitrile. Analytical and spectroscopic studies have confirmed the structural characteristics of the synthesized compounds. In addition, the target compounds were screened for thein‐vitroantiproliferative properties against the B16F10 melanoma cancer cell lines by the standard MTT assay. The effect on inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 was also checked to determine the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cell migratory properties of these compounds. The final compounds were also tested for their tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Among all compounds, screened for anticancer activity, three compounds4e,4fand4hreduced the cell proliferation significantly comparable to that of the positive standard drug erlotinib (IC50=418.9±1.54 μM) with IC50values ranging from 20.72–29.35 μM. The compounds4c–4hdecreased the COX‐2 expression whereas the MMP 2, 9 expressions were significantly reduced by4a,4band4h. This was confirmed by molecular docking studies, as4e,4fand4hdisplayed good interactions with the active site of BRAF protein. The compounds4b,4fand4hexhibited moderate tyrosinase inhibition effect as compared to α‐MSH. Collectively, compound4hcan be considered as a candidate for further optimization in the development of anticancer therapies based on the results of biological investigations in this study.
Magnetic resonance imaging image analysis of the therapeutic effect and neuroprotective effect of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease based on a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Zhou Chaoyang , Xiao Xiang , Chen Weihua , Jiang Yi , Zhu Ronglan , Xin Tao
Published: August 2022

In order to study the therapeutic neuroprotective effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD), based on the deep learning algorithm, this study combines with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image analysis technology to study the clinical efficacy of DBS in the surgical treatment of PD and the neuroprotective and neurological recovery effects after surgery. Establish a deep learning algorithm model based on MRI image analysis technology, comparison of UPDRS motor status assessment and the improvement of daily life ability before and after DBS surgery, evaluate the accuracy rate and the detection speed of the model. The models constructed in this study have an accuracy rate of more than 90% in the PD detection test, and the detection speed of the algorithm model under the condition of big data is between 60 and 200 ms. DBS significantly improve a series of clinical symptoms in patients with PD. The deep learning algorithm model based on MRI image analysis technology in this paper has a certain effect. DBS operation can improve the symptoms of PD, and has the effect of neuroprotection and neurological recovery.
Comparison of flexible endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging in determining the tumor height in rectal cancer
Authors: Basendowah Mohammed H. , Ezzat Mohammed A. , Khayyat Aseel H. , Alamri Eyad Saleh A. , Madani Turki A. , Alzahrani Anas H. , Bokhary Rana Y. , Badeeb Arwa O. , Hijazi Hussam A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Several modalities are available for the diagnosis of rectal cancer, including conventional gold standard rigid endoscopy and recent flexible endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each modality affects the management of these patients.

Aim

To compare the accuracy of flexible endoscopy and MRI in the measurement of tumor height in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods and Results

This study included 174 patients with rectal cancer who underwent flexible endoscopy and MRI for the measurement of tumor height. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, treatment, and histopathology were identified and collected. We evaluate intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot to test the agreement between the measurements. ICC were excellent with an ICC of 89% (95%CI 48%–99%). The mean ± standard deviation of the distance from the anal verge to the distal part of the tumor was 7.73 ± .47 for flexible endoscopy and 6.21 ± 0.39 for MRI, with mean difference of 1.52 (p ˂ .001). The accordance between the two modalities was not affected by sex, age, body mass index, histopathology, or metastasis.

Conclusion

Excellent agreement between flexible endoscopy and MRI was noted, and no factor was found to affect such concordance.
PKPD Modeling and Simulations to Support Biosimilar Development of Biphasic Insulin Aspart 30
Authors: Petrov Aleksandr V. , Zinnatulina Bella R. , Drai Roman V. , Karonova Tatiana L. , Koksharova Ekaterina O. , Dorotenko Artem R. , Makarenko Igor E.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents an analysis of data from a comparative study of biosimilarity in terms of pharmacokinetics and
pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp for reference and test biphasic
insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30). As a result of the study, one of the secondary pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints did not satisfy the classical criterion of 80%–125% (the lower limit for PD parameter area under the glucose infusion rate–time curve [] turned out to be 79.5%). The main hypothesis explaining this result is that the sample size is insufficient to conduct a PD test with 90% statistical power, since the sample size has been calculated based on the coefficient of variation (CV) of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. To test this hypothesis, population PKPD (popPKPD) modeling and subsequent simulations of the required number of PD profiles were used. Two popPKPD models were constructed (a one‐compartment double simultaneous absorption model for PK and an effect compartment Emax model for PD) to describe the PKPD data of reference and test insulins. As a result, using real data along with model‐based simulation data, a biosimilarity test for PD was performed, and the lower limit for became 82.6%, while the CV decreased from 31.7% to 24.1%. Thus, popPKPD modeling and simulations have been shown to be effective in interpreting and supporting the results of clinical biosimilarity trials.