bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Steady-State Fluorescence Spectroscopy System and a Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy System
Authors: Gutiérrez D. , Álvarez J. , Racedo F.
Published: June 2019

This document describes thoroughly the construction of two spectroscopic systems: One system for obtaining fluorescence spectra and another system for obtaining the fluorescence lifetime. The first system consists of obtaining the fluorescence spectrum and is constituted by a Czerny-Turner type monochromator, a photomultiplier tube (PMT), a system for modulating the excitation signal and a system for treating and filtering the fluorescent signal constituted by an electromechanical chopper, a lock-in amplifier and a fast response PMT; plus a set of lenses and a samples holder. The fluorescein dissolved in ethanol was used as a calibration standard, and an Nd:YAG laser source was used as a source of excitation, which emits in 532nm, of continuous wave and stable power in time adjustable by current. On the other hand, a fluorescence time-resolved system was developed. This system consists of obtaining the fluorescence lifetime of different samples under study from a Voltage curve Vs Time obtained from the system and showing the decay behavior of the phenomenon. This has a pulsed laser unit as a source of excitation, emitting at 532nm, 80mJof energy and with a pulse width of 4ns. For this system, two semiconductor photodiode detectors with fast response have been built; both with a response of temporary uptake above 1ns, thus providing obtaining fluorescence lifetime up to this value. Fluorescein was also used in this system as a standard sample, but in this case dissolved in a buffer-like solution; accompanied also by a brief study of the change in the average lifespan of fluorescence in function of the pH of the solution. The results obtained show that two automated systems, reproducible, accurate and of very low cost compared to the current ones, have been successfully implemented for the study of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
Investigation of laser wavelength effect on optical properties of graphene oxide colloidal nanostructures prepared by pulsed laser ablation
Authors: Duque Buitrago J. S. , Mesa Yandy A. M. , Riascos Landázuri H.
Published: June 2019

In this work we prepared graphene oxide nanostructures (GONE) in a liquid environment using pulsed laser ablation technique. We used for the synthesis Nd: YAG pulsed laser operatating at 1064 nm and 532 nm of wavelength, we study the effect of wavelength of the laser on the optical properties of Nanostructures (NE) synthesized. The aim was determining the optical bandgap and the characteristic peak related by bond transitions using the absorbance UV-Vis spectra. Both samples show high absorption in the ultraviolet region in the UV-Vis spectra. Using Tauc’s plot method we compute the bandgap energy for GONEs assuming indirect bandgap. In addition, we observe characteristic peak formation 1 hour after synthesized NPs at 256 nm for NPs prepared at 1064 nm and for NPs prepared at 532 nm the peak with less intensity is observed at a wavelength of 218 nm. The characteristic peak for both samples increase of intensity 24 hours after preparation.
UV-Vis spectroscopy of Mn-doped ZnO thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Riascos H. , Rosero C. , Avila-Torres Y.
Published: June 2019

Mn-doped zinc oxide (ZnMnO) is of increasing interest to the optoelectronic community for thin film sensors, transistors and solar cells applications. Considerable variability exists in the literature on the growth and doping of ZnMnO films, especially as a function of growth approach, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure. We fabricated ZnMnO thin films on silicon substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The deposition pressure and the substrate temperature were varied from 2.67 Pa to 26.67 Pa, and from room temperature to 600 °C, respectively. The targets were fabricated with a nominal composition of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.% Mn. The influence of the Mn composition, deposition pressure and the substrate temperature on optical properties of the ZnO films was investigated using ultraviolet– visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry. The optical band-gap of the films was evaluated in terms of the Kubelka-Munk function. The results show that the oxygen gas pressure has slightly affected the optical band-gap of the deposited films. Furthermore, the substrate temperature play significant role in the optical properties of the deposited ZnMnO thin films.
Implementation of the Operational Modal Analysis technique in a power transmission shaft
Authors: Sanchez H G , Nova F R , Gonzalez-Estrada O A
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we investigate the application of modal identification techniques used in civil structures, in which the excitation forces are not known, and extrapolate them to mechanical elements in operating conditions. A methodology is proposed to identify the modal parameters of a power transmission shaft under rotation. The methodology is based on the comparison of theoretical and experimental results. First, a simulation of the element under study is carried out, using a numerical model based on the Finite Element Method, to evaluate its theoretical dynamic characteristics. Then, an Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) is performed and the theoretical model is verified by comparing theoretical and experimental results. Moreover, an algorithm based on the non-parametric technique “Peak Pickin” of an Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is developed and, from the records of accelerations obtained in the bearings, we identify the modal parameters of the shaft. These results are compared with the theoretical values, calculated previously and, thus, verify the effectiveness of the implemented technique.
Analysis of synchronism and response velocity in instrumental assemblies for the observation of stellar occultations
Authors: Eduardo Salazar Manzano Luis , Parra Patiño Miguel Ángel , Salazar Manzano Miguel Ángel , Arias Santa Nathalia , Andrés Quintero Salazar Edwin
Published: June 2019

Currently the stellar occultation technique is one of the most effective methods for observing minor bodies of the Solar System. Due to the collaborative nature of these observations, precise synchronization and short response times are necessary in instrumental assemblies. This paper presents the development of a methodology that allows for the evaluation of the temporal performance of the detectors used in the observation of stellar occultations. The software “TimesCCam” was developed, which, when being photographed by astronomical cameras, graphically represents the parameters of exposure time, dead time, and jitter referenced to UTC. The process of alignment and focus is obtained, thanks to a structure built with movement in the three axes. The methodology was applied in the evaluation of STF-8300M, ST-2000XM and QHY174M-GPS cameras, using different driver software, synchronization methods, and exposure times. In real exposure times, insignificant variations were identified. Dependency was found between the dead times and the configurations used for the CCD cameras, and it was determined that the dead time and its instability in the ST-2000XM camera prevent its use for the observation of stellar occultations. The results show that the STF-8300M camera is convenient for the observation of asteroid occultations, while the QHY174M-GPS camera given its dead time and synchronization, is suitable for the observation of occultations by trans-Neptunian objects.
Implementation and evaluation of an effective computational method that promotes the conceptualization of Newton’s laws of motion
Authors: González J D , Escobar J H , Sánchez H , De la Hoz J , Beltrán J R , Arciniegas S M , Martínez L S
Published: June 2019

A computational method that contributes to the understanding and conceptualization of Newton’s laws of motion, through the use of a novel environment of virtual experimentation of physical systems, was implemented in the students of the Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences of the Universidad del Magdalena. This article investigates the level of learning achieved by implementing the physical experiences in the mechanical laboratory and the virtual laboratories developed in the Unity platform, which can be used by the user to work in web environment and mobile devices, when downloaded as an application in Google Play and App Store. Conceptual tests were administered to assess students comprehension before, during and after instruction. The results revealed that the experimental and virtual conditions were equally effective in promoting student’s understanding of the concepts in the domain of Newton’s laws of motion; therefore, virtual manipulation, at least in a context such as that of the present study, reveals an important method in the learning of physics.
Python script used as a simulator for the teaching of the electric field in electromagnetism course
Authors: Cristiano K. L. , Estupiñán A. , Triana D. A.
Published: June 2019

We present in this article a Python script, based on a methodology to obtain the electric field produced by n electric charges. This tool was implemented in courses of electromagnetism and its laboratory in three institutions of higher education. The aim of this work was to incorporate information and communication technologies (ICTs) at the physics subjects, in accordance with the programs promoted by the Colombian Ministry of Education. We wanted to connect the students with sensory experiences of the physical phenomena that allow them to improve their experience of learning of subjects traditionally studied through the board. Finally, in this work, an interactive computational code was obtained, in which the electric field of the discrete and continuous charge distributions can be calculated, for the classical problems that are shown in an electrical physics course.
Analysis of the effect of the variation geometric characteristics the basic cells in a metamaterial
Authors: Castro-Ladino J R , Ávila-Bernal A
Published: June 2019

The analysis of the impact of the variation of the substrate and the geometric characteristics of the cells basic that make up a metamaterial, as well as their frequency response, bandwidth and insertion losses level of the bandgap generated, is presented. A metamaterial in microstrip transmission line technology was simulated and manufactured on two dielectric substrates with different relative permittivity index, introducing electromagnetic band gap structures (EBG) in the ground plane. Five geometrical shapes were selected for the cells of the EBG structure. The response of the metamaterial is analyzed on the characteristics of the band gap, varying the lattice constant, the size and the geometry of the cells (defects) and the substrate used. The results obtained show that this type of devices can be used to measure the properties of elements by detecting the change of the refractive index of the metamaterial, with frequency selectivity. The study of these parameters is critical for the applications of metamaterials in filters, sensors and actuators, among others.
Cross-validation of a classification method applied in a database of sEMG contractions collected in a body interaction videogame
Authors: Montoya Vega M F , Henao O A
Published: June 2019

paper presents the evaluation and cross-validation of four pattern recognition classifiers, with the objective of finding the best one for classify surface electromyography (sEMG) signals combined with information extracted from videogame’s variables. The classifiers, a linear classifier, a quadratic classifier, a k-nearest-neighbor classifier, and a support vector machine, were computed on a data matrix created with the recorder signal collected from 12 subjects in a body interaction videogame that used a sEMG as a control strategy for upper limbs virtual rehabilitation. Although the classifiers of sEMG signal had a widespread study, there is not evidence of how to deal with the information of sEMG signals combined with game variables. The classification task is related with discern each subject as “good player” or “bad player”, looking to following the performance of the videogame’s users through the game sessions. A cross-validation of 10 iterations was computed, PCA and Relieff were used as feature extraction and selection methods. The evaluation was developed using the percentage of accuracy, defined as the well-predicted points. The best accuracy in the classification task was found using an SVM with a misclassification parameter of 400 and an RBF kernel regularization parameter of 60. Base on this result, the SVMs showed to be the appropriate classifier to be used on sEMG signal combined with videogame variables and should be implemented to follow the user’s performance.
Small additions of actived Biochar from palm oil shells to Portland cement mortar
Authors: Flórez E. , Acelas N. , Ramirez A.P. , Giraldo S. , Rodríguez B. , Correa E. , Echeverría F.
Published: June 2019

Biochar is a solid material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass in a limited oxygen environment. Portland cement-based products are the main construction materials. The manufacturing process of cement result in several harmful emissions, in particular CO2 emissions. In this work, biochar was produce from residues of palm oil shells stover at 700°C under a limited oxygen condition. Biochar small additions of 0.1, 0.33 and 0.5 % (w/w) were incorporated into Portland cement mortar samples. Mortar samples were made according to the Colombian earthquake-resistant standard. Early compression strength of samples were evaluated at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Mortar samples were subjected to an accelerated carbonation test using a carbonation chamber built for that purpose. Results shows that the early compression strength was altered since mortar with no biochar additions exhibit higher compression resistance that the ones exhibited by samples with small additions. Furthermore, this decreasing in the early compression strength is attributed to the presence of the surfactant used to incorporate the small amount of biochar into the cement matrix. Carbonation result shows that samples with small additions of biochar increases the measured carbonation depth.
Analysis of the intermediate layer work in the three-tier architecture “client-server” of automation engineering problems
Authors: Barabanova I A , Kravets O Ja , Tkalich S A , Mutin D I
Published: June 2019

The article describes a mathematical model of a three-tier client-server architecture. The importance of using an intermediate server (application server), which provides preliminary data processing, is shown. Analytical conditions are obtained under which a three-tier architecture is more efficient than a two-tier one. Methods are proposed for increasing the performance of client-server systems in the tasks of automating production processes.
Creation of the virtual exercise machine of the technological production with the use of OMEGALAND dynamic modelling environment
Authors: Gaynullin Rustem , Zatsarinnaya Yulia , Staroverova Nataliya
Published: June 2019

The paper considers creation of the virtual model of receiving normal butane from isobutene-butene fraction with use of an integrated environment of OMEGALAND dynamic model operation to study the characteristics of the set technological mode. In the research process function chart was chosen and the parameters defining the key quality indicators of technological process of receiving normal butane were determined. The inventory which will participate in the simulation model is picked up. “Visual Modeler” dynamic model operation software with the graphic module and the module of the database are chosen as a medium for technological process modelling. The virtual model of a column used in simulators for tutoring and training prompt actions of technicians is created. Calculations of the established condition of process are performed, the analysis of sources to check the model for compliance with a real object is carried out.
Wireless three-channel Holter monitoring system
Authors: Ivel V P , Gerasimova Y V , Moldakhmetov S S , Petrov P A , Gerasimov I A , Zainchkovskaya K V
Published: June 2019

The article describes the principles of construction of a wireless automated system of Holter monitoring of cardiac activity which is focused on the minimum power consumption for use at home. This article proposes the method of wireless transmission of electrocardiosignals based on the use of a dual-processor transmitting Wi-Fi device. It also presents the algorithms of wireless transmission of electrocardiosignals providing high reliability of the transmitted information and develops the structure of the Holter monitoring system in three deflections using the multiplexing method in the formation of such deflections. The proposed methods and algorithms shall provide high-quality and multi-day wireless transmission of electrocardiosignals with low energy consumption.
Doubly-fed inductor motor as the element of automatic control system
Authors: Bronov S , Nikulin N , Avlasko P , Volkov D , Stepanova E , Krivova D , Bisov A , Pichkovskiy A , Zaznobina N , Lomova N
Published: June 2019

The presented linearized model of the dual-fed motor allows to synthesize the controller. The are many possible control system structures as well as the synthesis methods. This enables to provide a variety of the electric drive characteristics to meet the specific requirements.
Optimizing modeling of complex-structured objects in the problem of improving the efficiency of their functioning
Authors: Lvovich Y , Tishukov B , Preobrazhenskiy A , Choporov O
Published: June 2019

The paper discusses the characteristics of objects with complex structure. The properties of the objects of the considered type are determined. The analysis of features of their management is carried out, the results of which are used to find the problems arising at their functioning. The methods of improving their efficiency are investigated basing of the results of optimization modeling. The paper gives the procedure for forming an optimization model of a complex structured object for the task, as well as a generalized scheme for finding its solution. On the basis of the proposed generalized scheme and properties of the studied type of objects, the development of adaptive algorithms for numerical optimization is carried out to increase the efficiency of the considered class of objects.
Import substitution in the industrial sector: analysis and facts
Authors: Novikov S V , Lastochkina V V , Solodova A D
Published: June 2019

Sanctions policy against Russia is one of the most pressing political and economic issues since 2014. This format of international relations, of course, created a number of problems, but also allowed to make a breakthrough in the domestic industrial sector. Import substitution has become the main vector of movement of almost all sectors of the Russian economy. Currently, there are more than 1,100 import substitution projects in Russia in critical industries, 342 of which have reached the stage of serial production, and more than 760 are still “at the final stage” of implementation.
Computer-aided approach to synthesis of the frequency dictionary on system analysis in electronic machinery, aviation and space industry
Authors: Kovalev I V , Piskorskaya S Yu , Karaseva M V , Voroshilova A A
Published: June 2019

The practical use of the multilingual adaptive - training technology contributes to the intensive accumulation of specialized foreign terminology by students who study one or more foreign languages for their professional purposes. Electronic frequency dictionaries, built on a multilingual principle, are the basic components for supporting the multilingual adaptive – training technology. The article considers the computer-aided approach to the analysis of Frequency Dictionary on System Analysis in the Electronic Machinery, Aviation and Space Industry.
Supplemental Folate and the Relationship Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Livebirth Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Gaskins Audrey J , Mínguez-Alarcón Lidia , Fong Kelvin C , Abu Awad Yara , Di Qian , Chavarro Jorge E , Ford Jennifer B , Coull Brent A , Schwartz Joel , Kloog Itai , Attaman Jill , Hauser Russ , Laden Francine
Published: June 2019

Traffic-related air pollution has been linked to higher risks of infertility and miscarriage. We evaluated whether folate intake modified the relationship between air pollution and livebirth among women using assisted reproductive technology (ART). Our study included 304 women (513 cycles) presenting to a fertility center in Boston, Massachusetts (2005–2015). Diet and supplements were assessed by food frequency questionnaire. Spatiotemporal models estimated residence-based daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone, fine particulate, and black carbon concentrations in the 3 months before ART. We used generalized linear mixed models with interaction terms to evaluate whether the associations between air pollutants and livebirth were modified by folate intake, adjusting for age, body mass index, race, smoking, education, infertility diagnosis, and ART cycle year. Supplemental folate intake significantly modified the association of NO2 exposure and livebirth (P = 0.01). Among women with supplemental folate intakes of <800 μg/day, the odds of livebirth were 24% (95% confidence interval: 2, 42) lower for every 20-parts-per-billion increase in NO2 exposure. There was no association among women with intakes of ≥800 μg/day. There was no effect modification of folate on the associations between other air pollutants and livebirth. High supplemental folate intake might protect against the adverse reproductive consequences of traffic-related air pollution.
Comparative floral structure and evolution in Galipeinae (Galipeeae: Rutaceae) and its implications at different systematic levels
Authors: El Ottra Juliana Hanna Leite , Demarco Diego , Pirani José Rubens
Published: June 2019

Galipeinae (Rutoideae) is the most species-rich subtribe of Rutaceae in the Neotropics. The taxonomy of Galipeinae is complex as molecular phylogenies demonstrate that rearrangements of genera are necessary to reach the monophyly of the subtribe. A few detailed studies have found variability in floral features, such as different patterns of organ fusion and symmetry, with potential systematic importance. However, this was shown for a limited number of taxa. This study aimed to provide a broader comparative account of the floral structure of Galipeinae and closely related taxa of Rutoideae. Some floral features, such as the cochlear aestivation of petals and a free zone of carpels, support the monophyly of Galipeinae without Adiscanthus. Other features, such as apocarpy, anacrostyly, antitropous ovules and zig-zag micropyles, also provide support for the affinity of Rutaceae in Sapindales. Furthermore, complex patterns of organ synorganization of Galipeinae are more diverse than previously shown, and are probably correlated to other features that are not found elsewhere in Sapindales. Finally, we identified homoplastic features that are also widespread in asterids, probably related to similar floral functions, such as variable patterns of monosymmetric tubular corollas, two fertile adaxial stamens with basal appendages of variable length and herkogamy.
Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) compared to conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal cancer: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Tagkalos E , Goense L , Hoppe-Lotichius M , Ruurda J P , Babic B , Hadzijusufovic E , Kneist W , van der Sluis P C , Lang H , van Hillegersberg R , Grimminger P P
Published: June 2019

Robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is increasingly being applied as treatment for esophageal cancer. In this study, the results of 50 RAMIE procedures were compared with 50 conventional minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) operations, which had been the standard treatment for esophageal cancer prior to the robotic era. Between April 2016 and March 2018, data of 100 consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma undergoing modified Ivor Lewis esophagectomy were prospectively collected. All operations were performed by the same surgeon using an identical intrathoracic anastomotic reconstruction technique with the same perioperative management and pain control regimen. Intra-operative and postoperative complications were graded according to definitions stated by the Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group. Data analysis was carried out with and without propensity score matching. Baseline characteristics did not show significant differences between the RAMIE and MIE group. Propensity score matching of the initial group of 100 patients resulted in two equal groups of 40 patients for each surgical approach. In the RAMIE group, the median total lymph node yield was 27 (range 13–84) compared to 23 in the MIE group (range 11–48), P = 0.053. Median intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 1 day (range 1–43) in the RAMIE group compared to 2 days (range 1–17) in the MIE group (P = 0.029). The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.581). In this propensity-matched study comparing RAMIE to MIE, ICU stay was significantly shorter in the RAMIE group. There was a trend in improved lymphadenectomy in RAMIE.
Challenging Monarchical Legacies in Edward III and Henry V
Authors: Lidster Amy
Published: June 2019

Tudor chronicles regularly presented Edward III and Henry V as exemplary English monarchs, celebrated for their famous military victories against the French. During the last two decades of the Elizabethan period, these monarchs featured in a variety of new texts: as part of a flurry of war manuals that explore the conduct and experience of war and in plays for the professional stages. Together, the war manuals and stage plays make up an important body of texts that reveal the intertwined popular appeal of Edward III and Henry V and their application to contemporary politics, including the state of ongoing military preparation and engagement that marked the end of the Elizabethan period. This article offers a contrastive analysis of the monarchs' representations in selected war manuals and in Shakespeare's Henry V and the apocryphal Edward III. It argues that, while the war manuals examine the legacies of Edward and Henry, they are less detailed and critical than the plays, which offer potential for radical deconstruction of monarchical authority. Mediating between celebration and criticism, the plays question two aspects that had been closely associated with the popular reputations of these monarchs: a model of kingship that relies significantly on the person of the monarch and the legitimacy and expediency of foreign conquests. As the most sustained, individual accounts of Edward III and Henry V from the last decade of the Elizabethan period, the stage plays form an important part of the historiographical tradition and evaluation of these monarchs.
Socioeconomic inequalities in suicide mortality in European urban areas before and during the economic recession
Authors: Borrell Carme , Palència Laia , Marí Dell’Olmo Marc , Morrisson Joana , Deboosere Patrick , Gotsens Mercè , Dzurova Dagmar , Costa Claudia , Lustigova Michala , Burstrom Bo , Rodríguez-Sanz Maica , Bosakova Lucia , Zengarini Nicolas , Katsouyanni Klea , Santana Paula
Published: June 2019

Background

Few studies have assessed the impact of the financial crisis on inequalities in suicide mortality in European urban areas. The objective of the study was to analyse the trend in area socioeconomic inequalities in suicide mortality in nine European urban areas before and after the beginning of the financial crisis.

Methods

This ecological study of trends was based on three periods, two before the economic crisis (2000–2003, 2004–2008) and one during the crisis (2009–2014). The units of analysis were the small areas of nine European cities or metropolitan areas, with a median population ranging from 271 (Turin) to 193 630 (Berlin). For each small area and sex, we analysed smoothed standardized mortality ratios of suicide mortality and their relationship with a socioeconomic deprivation index using a hierarchical Bayesian model.

Results

Among men, the relative risk (RR) comparing suicide mortality of the 95th percentile value of socioeconomic deprivation (severe deprivation) to its 5th percentile value (low deprivation) were higher than 1 in Stockholm and Lisbon in the three periods. In Barcelona, the RR was 2.06 (95% credible interval: 1.24–3.21) in the first period, decreasing in the other periods. No significant changes were observed across the periods. Among women, a positive significant association was identified only in Stockholm (RR around 2 in the three periods). There were no significant changes across the periods except in London with a RR of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.35–0.68) in the third period.

Conclusions

Area socioeconomic inequalities in suicide mortality did not change significantly after the onset of the crisis in the areas studied.
Determining spatial patterns in recreational catch data: a comparison of generalized additive mixed models and boosted regression trees
Authors: Navarro Matthew , Hailu Atakelty , Langlois Tim , Ryan Karina L , Kragt Marit E
Published: June 2019

Marine recreational fisheries (MRFs) are often highly spatially heterogenous, with effort concentrated into small areas, and fisheries spanning large environmental gradients. However, spatially resolved catch data is rarely collected in MRFs, preventing the study of spatial heterogeneity in catch. This study uses recreational catch reported in 10 × 10 nm blocks across eight degrees of latitude in Western Australia to map spatial predictions of the probability of a recreational catch on an average trip for two key species: West Australian dhufish (Glaucosoma hebraicum) and snapper (Chrysophrys auratus). Two spatial modelling techniques are compared for the analysis, generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and boosted regression trees (BRTs). We find that BRTs outperform GAMMs, but performance gains are small. We also find marked spatial variations in recreational catch probabilities: high catches of dhufish are found in the north of the study area, and low catches in the Perth Metropolitan area and in the south; snapper catches are highest in the north and low in the south. These patterns are used to identify important spatial processes in the fishery. The analysis also suggests that modelling approach (GAMMs or BRTs) has only a minor effect on outcomes of spatial catch analysis in MRFs.
Airgun blasts used in marine seismic surveys have limited effects on mortality, and no sublethal effects on behaviour or gene expression, in the copepod Calanus finmarchicus
Authors: Fields David M , Handegard Nils Olav , Dalen John , Eichner Christiane , Malde Ketil , Karlsen Ørjan , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Durif Caroline M F , Browman Howard I
Published: June 2019

Seismic surveys use airguns that emit low frequency high magnitude sound to detect subsea resources and to map seabed geology. The effect of seismic blasts on Calanus spp., a key food source for commercially important fish, was assessed in field experiments. Immediate mortality of copepods was significantly different from controls at distances of 5 m or less from the airguns. Mortality 1 week after the airgun blast was significantly higher—by 9% relative to controls—in the copepods placed 10 m from the airgun blast but was not significantly different from the controls at a distance of 20 m from the airgun blast. The increase in mortality—relative to controls—did not exceed 30% at any distance from the airgun blast. Only two genes changed in response to the airgun blast; however, their function is unknown. There were no sublethal effects of the seismic blasts on the escape performance or the sensory threshold needed to initiate an escape response at any of the distances from the airgun blast that were tested. Results from these experiments suggest that seismic blasts have limited effects on the mortality or escape response of Calanus sp. within 10 m of the blast and no measurable impact at greater distances.
A central limit theorem for Lp transportation cost on the real line with application to fairness assessment in machine learning
Authors: del Barrio Eustasio , Gordaliza Paula , Loubes Jean-Michel
Published: June 2019

We provide a central limit theorem for the Monge–Kantorovich distance between two empirical distributions with sizes $n$ and $m$, $\mathcal{W}_p(P_n,Q_m), \ p\geqslant 1,$ for observations on the real line. In the case $p>1$ our assumptions are sharp in terms of moments and smoothness. We prove results dealing with the choice of centring constants. We provide a consistent estimate of the asymptotic variance, which enables to build two sample tests and confidence intervals to certify the similarity between two distributions. These are then used to assess a new criterion of data set fairness in classification.
A Riemann–Hilbert Problem Approach to Infinite Gap Hill's Operators and the Korteweg–de Vries Equation
Authors: T-R McLaughlin Kenneth , Nabelek Patrik V
Published: June 2019

We formulate the inverse spectral theory of infinite gap Hill’s operators with bounded periodic potentials as a Riemann–Hilbert problem on a typically infinite collection of spectral bands and gaps. We establish a uniqueness theorem for this Riemann–Hilbert problem, which provides a new route to establishing unique determination of periodic potentials from spectral data. As the potentials evolve according to the Korteweg–de Vries Equation (KdV) equation, we use integrability to derive an associated Riemann–Hilbert problem with explicit time dependence. Basic principles from the theory of Riemann–Hilbert problems yield a new characterization of spectra for periodic potentials in terms of the existence of a solution to a scalar Riemann–Hilbert problem, and we derive a similar condition on the spectrum for the temporal periodicity for an evolution under the KdV equation.
Primary Resources, Secondary Labor: Natural Resources and Immigration Policy
Authors: Shin Adrian J
Published: June 2019

This article argues that substantial natural resource wealth leads to more restrictive low-skill immigration policy in advanced democracies. High-value natural resource production often crowds out labor-intensive firms that produce tradable goods. When these proimmigration business interests disappear due to deindustrialization, also known as the Dutch Disease, the proimmigration coalition weakens in domestic politics. Without strong business pressure for increased immigration, policy-makers close their doors to immigrants to accommodate anti-immigrant interests. Using a newly expanded dataset on immigration policy across twenty-four wealthy democracies, I find that oil-rich democracies are more likely to restrict low-skill immigration, especially when their economies are exposed to foreign competition in international trade. The results supplement the voter-based theories of immigration policy and contribute to an emerging literature on the political economy of natural resources and international migration.
Task Specialization in U.S. Cities from 1880 to 2000
Authors: Michaels Guy , Rauch Ferdinand , Redding Stephen J
Published: June 2019

We develop a new methodology for quantifying the tasks undertaken within occupations using over 3,000 verbs from more than 12,000 occupational descriptions in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOTs). Using micro data from the United States from 1880 to 2000, we find an increase in the employment share of interactive occupations within sectors over time that is larger in metro areas than nonmetro areas. We interpret these findings using a model in which reductions in transport and communication costs induce urban areas to specialize according to their comparative advantage in interactive tasks. We present suggestive evidence relating increases in employment in interactive occupations to improvements in transport and communication technologies. Our findings highlight a change in the nature of agglomeration over time toward an increased emphasis on human interaction.
Modal logic with non-deterministic semantics: Part I—Propositional case
Authors: Coniglio Marcelo E , Luis Fariñas Del Cerro , Newton Marques Peron
Published: June 2019

Dugundji proved in 1940 that most parts of standard modal systems cannot be characterized by a single finite deterministic matrix. In the eighties, Ivlev proposed a semantics of four-valued non-deterministic matrices (which he called quasi-matrices), in order to characterize a hierarchy of weak modal logics without the necessitation rule. In a previous paper, we extended some systems of Ivlev’s hierarchy, also proposing weaker six-valued systems in which the (T) axiom was replaced by the deontic (D) axiom. In this paper, we propose even weaker systems, by eliminating both axioms, which are characterized by eight-valued non-deterministic matrices. In addition, we prove completeness for those new systems. It is natural to ask if a characterization by finite ordinary (deterministic) logical matrices would be possible for all those Ivlev-like systems. We will show that finite deterministic matrices do not characterize any of them.
Art and real estate: German Federal Supreme Court balances moral rights and property rights
Authors: Gärtner Anette , Plagge Michael
Published: June 2019

German Federal Supreme Court (‘BGH’), Decisions of 21 February 2019, I ZR 87/17, BeckRS 2019, 5360–HHole (for Mannheim); I ZR 99/17, BeckRS 2019, 5358–PHaradise; I ZR 15/18, BeckRS 2019, 5361 – Brunneninstallation
Antibiotic Resistance Evolution Is Contingent on the Quorum-Sensing Response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Hernando-Amado Sara , Sanz-García Fernando , Martínez José Luis
Published: June 2019

Different works have explored independently the evolution toward antibiotic resistance and the role of eco-adaptive mutations in the adaptation to a new habitat (as the infected host) of bacterial pathogens. However, knowledge about the connection between both processes is still limited. We address this issue by comparing the evolutionary trajectories toward antibiotic resistance of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa lasR defective mutant and its parental wild-type strain, when growing in presence of two ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Quorum-sensing lasR defective mutants are selected in P. aeruginosa populations causing chronic infections. Further, we observed they are also selected in vitro as a first adaptation for growing in culture medium. By using experimental evolution and whole-genome sequencing, we found that the evolutionary trajectories of P. aeruginosa in presence of these antibiotics are different in lasR defective and in wild-type backgrounds, both at the phenotypic and the genotypic levels. Recreation of a set of mutants in both genomic backgrounds (either wild type or lasR defective) allowed us to determine the existence of negative epistatic interactions between lasR and antibiotic resistance determinants. These epistatic interactions could lead to mutual contingency in the evolution of antibiotic resistance when P. aeruginosa colonizes a new habitat in presence of antibiotics. If lasR mutants are selected first, this would constraint antibiotic resistance evolution. Conversely, when resistance mutations (at least those studied in the present work) are selected, lasR mutants may not be selected in presence of antibiotics. These results underlie the importance of contingency and epistatic interactions in modulating antibiotic resistance evolution.
Kinetic theory of discontinuous rheological phase transition for a dilute inertial suspension
Authors: Hayakawa Hisao , Takada Satoshi
Published: June 2019

A kinetic theory for a dilute inertial suspension under a simple shear is developed. With the aid of the corresponding Boltzmann equation, it is found that the flow curves (the relations between the stress and the strain rate) exhibit the crossovers from the Newtonian to the Bagnoldian for a granular suspension and from the Newtonian to a fluid having a viscosity proportional to the square of the shear rate for a suspension consisting of elastic particles, respectively. The existence of the negative slope in the flow curve directly leads to a discontinuous shear thickening (DST). This DST corresponds to the discontinuous transition of the kinetic temperature between a quenched state and an ignited state. The results of the event-driven Langevin simulation of hard spheres perfectly agree with the theoretical results without any fitting parameter. The introduction of an attractive interaction between particles is also another source of the DST in dilute suspensions. Namely, there are two discontinuous jumps in the flow curve if the suspension particles have the attractive interaction.
Zeroes of polynomials on definable hypersurfaces: pathologies exist, but they are rare
Authors: Basu Saugata , Lerario Antonio , Natarajan Abhiram
Published: June 2019

Given a sequence $\{Z_d\}_{d\in \mathbb{N}}$ of smooth and compact hypersurfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}$, we prove that (up to extracting subsequences) there exists a regular definable hypersurface $\Gamma \subset {\mathbb{R}}\textrm{P}^n$ such that each manifold $Z_d$ is diffeomorphic to a component of the zero set on $\Gamma$ of some polynomial of degree $d$. (This is in sharp contrast with the case when $\Gamma$ is semialgebraic, where for example the homological complexity of the zero set of a polynomial $p$ on $\Gamma$ is bounded by a polynomial in $\deg (p)$.) More precisely, given the above sequence of hypersurfaces, we construct a regular, compact, semianalytic hypersurface $\Gamma \subset {\mathbb{R}}\textrm{P}^{n}$ containing a subset $D$ homeomorphic to a disk, and a family of polynomials $\{p_m\}_{m\in \mathbb{N}}$ of degree $\deg (p_m)=d_m$ such that $(D, Z(p_m)\cap D)\sim ({\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}, Z_{d_m}),$ i.e. the zero set of $p_m$ in $D$ is isotopic to $Z_{d_m}$ in ${\mathbb{R}}^{n-1}$. This says that, up to extracting subsequences, the intersection of $\Gamma$ with a hypersurface of degree $d$ can be as complicated as we want. We call these ‘pathological examples’. In particular, we show that for every $0 \leq k \leq n-2$ and every sequence of natural numbers $a=\{a_d\}_{d\in \mathbb{N}}$ there is a regular, compact semianalytic hypersurface $\Gamma \subset {\mathbb{R}}\textrm{P}^n$, a subsequence $\{a_{d_m}\}_{m\in \mathbb{N}}$ and homogeneous polynomials $\{p_{m}\}_{m\in \mathbb{N}}$ of degree $\deg (p_m)=d_m$ such that (0.1)$$\begin{equation}b_k(\Gamma\cap Z(p_m))\geq a_{d_m}.\end{equation}$$ (Here $b_k$ denotes the $k$th Betti number.) This generalizes a result of Gwoździewicz et al. [13]. On the other hand, for a given definable $\Gamma$ we show that the Fubini–Study measure, in the Gaussian probability space of polynomials of degree $d$, of the set $\Sigma _{d_m,a, \Gamma }$ of polynomials verifying (0.1) is positive, but there exists a constant $c_\Gamma$ such that $$\begin{equation*}0<{\mathbb{P}}(\Sigma_{d_m, a, \Gamma})\leq \frac{c_{\Gamma} d_m^{\frac{n-1}{2}}}{a_{d_m}}.\end{equation*}$$ This shows that the set of ‘pathological examples’ has ‘small’ measure (the faster $a$ grows, the smaller the measure and pathologies are therefore rare). In fact we show that given $\Gamma$, for most polynomials a Bézout-type bound holds for the intersection $\Gamma \cap Z(p)$: for every $0\leq k\leq n-2$ and $t>0$: $$\begin{equation*}{\mathbb{P}}\left(\{b_k(\Gamma\cap Z(p))\geq t d^{n-1} \}\right)\leq \frac{c_\Gamma}{td^{\frac{n-1}{2}}}.\end{equation*}$$
PF403 NEGATIVE MR4.0 CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT‐FREE REMISSION
Authors: Cerveira N. , Diamond J. , Matos S. , Amorim M.L. , Coucelo M. , Bizarro S. , Simões A.T. , Pierdomenico F. , Lopes M. , Ribeiro L. , Carmo‐Fonseca M. , Guimarães J.E. , Almeida A. , Teixeira M.R.
Published: June 2019

Background:

In the last few years, several clinical discontinuation trials have demonstrated that 40–60% of chronic phase CML patients (CP‐CML) who have achieved a stable deep molecular response, can stop therapy without relapsing. However, there is no consensus as to whether or not the depth of the molecular response is a prognostic factor for treatment‐free remission (TFR), which is reflected in the discrepancy between the various guidelines and opinions of experts in the field regarding the optimal molecular response required, MR4.0 or MR4.5, for a TFR attempt.

Aims:

In this work, we hypothesize that a discrepancy in the classification of the level of molecular response between laboratories involved in clinical trials could introduce a bias in the evaluation of the prognostic impact of treatment‐free remission (TFR).

Methods:

In an attempt to clarify this issue, we stratified by molecular response a cohort of 1087 CML patients and compared our results with those of 200 patients enrolled in the EURO‐SKI trial.

Results:

We found that none of the patients classified as MR4.0 had detectable disease (0/169) (Figure 1A). In addition, the frequency of undetectable disease negative cases increased to 29% (61/211) and 65% (149/230) in the MR4.5 and MR5.0 groups, respectively (Figure 1A). By contrast, the frequency of MR4.0 with undetectable disease in the EURO‐SKI trial was 72% (49/68), decreasing to 56% (48/85) and 58% (25/43) in the MR4.5 and MR5.0 groups, respectively (Figure 1B).

Summary/Conclusion:

Our results suggest that (1) There may be a bias in patient stratification by molecular response in the EURO‐SKI trial, making it impractical to attempt any association between molecular response depth and TFR success, (2) we should reassess the current classification of MR4.0 to include only patients with detectable disease and (3) the minimum quality criteria for scoring molecular response when disease is undetectable should be raised, with samples with <32000 ABL1 or <77000 GUSB transcripts be considered as unevaluable for classification of DMR.

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