bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Helicobacter pylori eradicated patients newly started on warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Jiang Fang , Ju Chengsheng , Guo Chuan‐Guo , Cheung Ka Shing , Li Bofei , Law Simon Y. K. , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Leung Wai K.
Published: May 2023

Background

To investigate risks of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in H. pylori‐eradicated patients newly started on warfarin or direct oral anti‐coagulants (DOACs).

Methods

We identified all patients who had previously received H. pylori eradication therapy or were found to have no H. pylori on endoscopy and were then newly started on warfarin or DOACs from a population‐based electronic healthcare database. Primary analysis was the risk of UGIB between warfarin and DOACs users in H. pylori‐eradicated patients. Secondary analysis included the UGIB risk between H. pylori‐eradicated and H. pylori‐negative patients who were newly started on warfarin or DOACs. The hazard ratio (HR) of UGIB was approximated by pooled logistic regression model incorporating the inverse propensity of treatment weightings with time‐varying covariables.

Results

Among H. pylori‐eradicated patients, DOACs had a significantly lower risk of UGIB (HR: 0.26, 95% CI 0.09–0.71) compared with warfarin. In particular, lower UGIB risks with DOACs were observed among older (≥65 years) patients, female, those without a history of UGIB or peptic ulcer, or ischemic heart disease, and non‐users of acid‐suppressive agents or aspirin. Secondary analysis showed no significant difference in UGIB risk between H. pylori‐eradicated and H. pylori‐negative patients newly started on warfarin (HR: 0.63,95% CI 0.33–1.19) or DOACs (HR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.45–4.22).

Conclusions

In H. pylori‐eradicated patients, new users of DOACs had a significantly lower risk of UGIB than new warfarin users. Furthermore, the risk of UGIB in new warfarin or DOACs users was comparable between H. pylori‐eradicated and H. pylori‐negative patients.
Income elasticity of demand and stock market beta
Authors: Bhadra Madhusmita , Kim Doyeon
Published: May 2023

Systematic risk, or beta, measures stock price variability in the overall stock market. A considerable body of literature focuses on estimating beta. To the best of our knowledge, there is, however, a lack of definitive research on the impact of income elasticity of demand on stock market beta. This study is the first to examine this relationship using 659 publicly traded firms from 47 industries in South Korea from 2001 to 2020. To estimate the value of the stock market beta, we employ an econometric model with a fixed effects‐two stage least squares approach and use industry concentration as an instrumental variable to deal with the endogeneity problem in the estimation. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the influence of income elasticity of demand on stock market beta.
BIOREALM—An ontology of comparative biogeography: New insights into the semantics of biodiversity conservation
Authors: Ung Visotheary , Buttigieg Pier Luigi
Published: May 2023

Aim

We aimed to apply ontological techniques to address semantic ambiguities in protected area and conservation informatics. By doing so, we aimed to create a coherent, machine‐actionable semantic representation of the biogeographic areas (which often overlap protected areas) to support more efficient and standardized informatics, supporting research and decision‐making. We present BIOREALM, the first informatic ontology for comparative biogeography.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Any taxon can be integrated in BIOREALM.

Methods

We convert a cladogram of biogeographic areas—generated by a process known as bioregionalization—into a series of ontological classes. Areas of endemism are treated as formal objects related by hierarchical relationships and constrained by a condition of monophyly. We use semantic web approaches to extend the Environment Ontology (ENVO) with classes for (often semantically confounded) biogeographic entities, including biogeographic areas, areas of endemism and endemic areas. We applied this approach to a bioregionalization of Australia as a case study. In all, 20 subregions which are part of the Austral Bioregionalisation Atlas have been selected for the study and integrated in BIOREALM.

Results

We have created an ontology—formatted in the Web Ontology Language and adhering to the practices of the Open Biomedical and Biological Ontology Foundry—which provides a rigorous, extensible and machine‐actionable framework that can improve biogeographic analyses and interoperability between systems. One main class and 20 individuals per class were implemented.

Main Conclusions

BIOREALM encodes a model‐theoretic view of endemism using semantic web approaches, offering new avenues to express and analyse biogeographic units. This approach offers a means to identify monophyletic biogeographic areas for conservation, based on specific combinations of monophyletic endemic taxa. Such an ontology provides knowledge representation solutions which supports interoperability along the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, thus fostering more consistent ecological informatics.
Tumour induction in BALB/c mice for imaging studies: An improved protocol
Authors: Amini Abolfazl , Mesbah Gholamreza , Tash Shamsabadi Fatemeh , Zeyghami Mohammad Ali , Safdari Yaghoub
Published: May 2023

Dealing with nude mice, which lack thymus and therefore are sensitive to unsterile conditions, needs special care and laboratory conditions. For preclinical studies, especially tumour imaging purposes, in which therapeutic properties of drugs or therapeutic compounds are not studied, mice with normal immune system can be a favourable alternative if they carry tumours of interest. In the current study, we introduce an optimized protocol for induction of human tumours in BALB/c mice for preclinical studies. Immune system of BALB/c mice was suppressed by administration of cyclosporine A (CsA), ketoconazole and cyclophosphamide. The tumours of MDA‐MB‐231, A‐431 and U‐87‐MG human cancer cells were induced by subcutaneous injection of the cells to the immunosuppressed mice. Tumour size was calculated weekly. Histopathological and metastatic analyses were performed using haematoxylin and eosin staining. The combination of the three drugs was found to suppress immune system and decrease the numbers of white blood cells, including lymphocytes. At the eighth week, tumours with a dimension of approximately 1400 mm3 developed. Large atypical nuclei with scant cytoplasm were found to exist using histopathological analysis. No metastasis was observed in the tumour‐bearing mice. A combination of CsA, ketoconazole and cyclophosphamide can be used to suppress the immune system in BALB/c mice and induce tumours with significant size.
Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing study of subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four different countries
Authors: Arredondo A. , Àlvarez G. , Isabal S. , Teughels W. , Laleman I. , Contreras M. J. , Isbej L. , Huapaya E. , Mendoza G. , Mor C. , Nart J. , Blanc V. , León R.
Published: May 2023

Aim

To investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach.

Materials and Methods

Subgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high‐throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles.

Results

In total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse.

Conclusions

Periodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and high‐effort coping in childhood: evidence of skin‐deep resilience
Authors: Ehrlich Katherine B. , Lyle Sarah M. , Corallo Kelsey L. , Brisson Julie M. , Wiggins Elizabeth R. , Yu Tianyi , Chen Edith , Miller Gregory E. , Brody Gene H.
Published: May 2023

Background

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for poor outcomes across development. Recent evidence suggests that, although psychosocial resilience among youth living in low‐SES households is common, such expressions of resilience may not extend to physical health. Questions remain about when these diverging mental and physical health trajectories emerge. The current study hypothesized that skin‐deep resilience – a pattern wherein socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to better mental health but worse physical health for individuals with John Henryism high‐effort coping – is already present in childhood.

Methods

Analyses focus on 165 Black and Latinx children (Mage = 11.5) who were free of chronic disease and able to complete study procedures. Guardians provided information about their SES. Children reported on their John Henryism high‐effort coping behaviors. They also provided reports of their depressed and anxious mood, which were combined into a composite of internalizing symptoms. Children's cardiometabolic risk was captured as a composite reflecting high levels of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Results

Among youth who reported using John Henryism high‐effort coping, SES risk was unrelated to internalizing symptoms and was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, for youth who did not engage in high‐effort coping, SES risk was positively associated with internalizing symptoms and was unrelated to cardiometabolic risk.

Conclusions

For youth with high‐effort coping tendencies, socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to cardiometabolic risk. Public health efforts to support at‐risk youth must consider both mental and physical health consequences associated with striving in challenging contexts.
Upadacitinib for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Stratified analysis from three randomized phase 3 trials by key baseline characteristics
Authors: Thyssen J. P. , Thaçi D. , Bieber T. , Gooderham M. , de Bruin‐Weller M. , Soong W. , Kabashima K. , Barbarot S. , Luna P. C. , Xu J. , Hu X. , Liu Y. , Raymundo E. M. , Calimlim B. M. , Nduaka C. , Gamelli A. , Simpson E. L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease with different clinical phenotypes based on factors such as age, race, comorbidities, and clinical signs and symptoms. The effect of these factors on therapeutic responses in AD has only been scarcely studied and not for upadacitinib. Currently, there is no biomarker predicting response to upadacitinib.

Objectives

Evaluate the efficacy of the oral Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib across patient subgroups (baseline demographics, disease characteristics and prior treatment) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.

Methods

Data from phase 3 studies (Measure Up 1, Measure Up 2 and AD Up) were utilized for this post hoc analysis. Adults and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD were randomized to receive once daily oral upadacitinib 15 mg, upadacitinib 30 mg or placebo; patients enrolled in the AD Up study received concomitant topical corticosteroids. Data from the Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2 studies were integrated.

Results

A total of 2584 patients were randomized. A consistently greater proportion of patients achieved at least 75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index, a 0 or 1 on the validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis, and improvement in itch (including an achievement of a reduction of ≥4; and score of 0/1 in Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale) with upadacitinib compared with placebo at Week 16, regardless of age, sex, race, body mass index, AD severity, body surface area involvement, history of atopic comorbidities or asthma, or previous exposure to systemic therapy or cyclosporin.

Conclusions

Upadacitinib had consistently high skin clearance rates and itch efficacy across subgroups of patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD through Week 16. These results support upadacitinib as a suitable treatment option in a variety of patients.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03569293 (Measure Up 1), NCT03607422 (Measure Up 2) and NCT03568318 (AD Up).
Problems with hierarchy and problems with tradition: The critique of male power in Afro‐Brazilian capoeira
Authors: González Varela Sergio
Published: May 2023

This article examines the critique of male power in Afro‐Brazilian capoeira. Capoeira is a practice that combines elements of music, dance, fight, and art. In the last twenty years, it has experienced unprecedented global expansion. Therefore, people in Brazil and abroad have begun questioning the hierarchies of power and knowledge that traditionally have structured groups around the figure of a mestre (a male leader). The article comparatively explores the tensions between the meaning of “tradition” and recent cultural innovations in capoeira groups. It focuses on women's importance in reconfiguring capoeira in the last ten years in Brazil and how they challenge a male‐centered perspective of this art through a resignification of history and cultural practice.
Painful temporomandibular disorders in Confucian‐heritage cultures: Their inter‐relationship with bodily pain, psychological well‐being and distress
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Lee Darren Zong Ru
Published: May 2023

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common and affect individuals negatively.

Objectives

This study investigated the inter‐relationship of painful TMDs with bodily pain, psychological well‐being and distress in young people from a Confucian‐heritage culture (CHC).

Methods

Adolescents/young adults were recruited from a polytechnic in Singapore. While the presence/severity of painful TMDs and bodily pain were established with the DC/TMD Pain Screener (TPS) and Maciel's Pain Inventory, psychological well‐being and distress were evaluated with the Scales of Psychological Well‐being‐18 (SPWB‐18) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4). Statistical explorations were conducted using chi‐square/Mann–Whitney U tests, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression analyses (α = .05).

Results

Among the 225 participants (mean age 20.1 ± 3.9 years) examined, 11.6% had painful TMDs and 68.9% experienced multisite bodily pain. Though painful TMDs were accompanied by a higher occurrence of multisite bodily pain, the overall/discrete number of bodily pain sites did not differ substantially between the ‘no TMD pain’ (NT) and ‘with TMD pain’ (WT) groups. Besides ear pain, differences in overall/discrete bodily pain scores were also insignificant. However, significant differences in environmental mastery, overall psychological distress, depression and anxiety subscale scores were discerned between the NT and WT groups. Psychological well‐being and distress were moderately and negatively correlated (rs = −.56). Multivariate analysis indicated that ear pain and psychological distress increased the prospect of painful TMDs.

Conclusion

The prevalence of multi‐site bodily pain was high in young people from CHCs irrespective of the painful TMDs’ presence of painful TMDs. Enhancing environmental mastery and relieving depression/anxiety may help manage TMD pain.
Genome‐wide variant analyses reveal new patterns of admixture and population structure in Australian dingoes
Authors: Cairns Kylie M. , Crowther Mathew S. , Parker Heidi G. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Letnic Mike
Published: May 2023

Admixture between species is a cause for concern in wildlife management. Canids are particularly vulnerable to interspecific hybridisation, and genetic admixture has shaped their evolutionary history. Microsatellite DNA testing, relying on a small number of genetic markers and geographically restricted reference populations, has identified extensive domestic dog admixture in Australian dingoes and driven conservation management policy. But there exists a concern that geographic variation in dingo genotypes could confound ancestry analyses that use a small number of genetic markers. Here, we apply genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping to a set of 402 wild and captive dingoes collected from across Australia and then carry out comparisons to domestic dogs. We then perform ancestry modelling and biogeographic analyses to characterise population structure in dingoes and investigate the extent of admixture between dingoes and dogs in different regions of the continent. We show that there are at least five distinct dingo populations across Australia. We observed limited evidence of dog admixture in wild dingoes. Our work challenges previous reports regarding the occurrence and extent of dog admixture in dingoes, as our ancestry analyses show that previous assessments severely overestimate the degree of domestic dog admixture in dingo populations, particularly in south‐eastern Australia. These findings strongly support the use of genome‐wide SNP genotyping as a refined method for wildlife managers and policymakers to assess and inform dingo management policy and legislation moving forwards.
Circadian and sex differences in post‐ischemic vasodilation and reactive hyperemia in young individuals and elderly with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro , Moghetti Paolo , Cevese Antonio , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Schena Federico , Tarperi Cantor
Published: May 2023

Objective

Cardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes. We assessed circadian variations and sex differences in vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) regulations following a brief bout of forearm ischemia.

Methods

Young healthy individuals (H18‐30) and elderly without (H50‐80) and with type 2 diabetes (T2DM50‐80) of both sexes were included. Forearm VC and BF, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline and following circulatory reperfusion were measured at 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.

Results

In the morning compared to evening, following reperfusion, the VC and BF increments were similar in H18‐30 (p>.71), but lower in H50‐80 (p<.001) and T2DM50‐80 (p<.01). VC and BF following circulatory reperfusion were higher in men than women in H18‐30 (p<.001), but similar between sexes in the older groups (p>.23).

Conclusions

Forearm vasodilation following reperfusion is attenuated in the morning in the elderly, impairing BF towards an ischemic area. Diabetes does not affect the circadian regulation of VC and BF, but that of MAP. There are sex differences in VC and BF at baseline and after circulatory reperfusion at a young age, being greater in men, which disappear with aging without being affected by diabetes.
Response to Letter to the Editor
Authors: Cajander Per , Omari Taher , Scheinin Harry , Scheinin Mika , Savilampi Johanna
Published: May 2023

It is crucial to consider the possible influence of anesthetic agents on esophageal function testing. Dexmedetomidine has been shown to affect primary peristalsis during esophageal manometry. In the two case reports presented by Toaz et al., secondary peristalsis during FLIP panometry was also affected. This may be attributed to an alternate pharmacodynamic effect, with a transient direct α2‐mediated effect on esophageal smooth muscle, associated with a high plasma concentration following bolus injection, prior to the onset of sympathetic inhibition.
Intestinal bacteria associated with irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue
Authors: El‐Salhy Magdy
Published: May 2023

The etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. Abnormal intestinal bacterial profiles and low bacterial diversity appear to play important roles in the pathophysiology of IBS. This narrative review was designed to present recent observations made relating to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which implicate possible roles of 11 intestinal bacteria in the pathophysiology of IBS. The intestinal abundances of nine of these bacteria increased after FMT in patients with IBS, and these increases were inversely correlated with IBS symptoms and fatigue severity. These bacteria wereAlistipesspp.,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Eubacterium biforme,Holdemanella biformis,Prevotellaspp.,Bacteroides stercoris,Parabacteroides johnsonii,Bacteroides zoogleoformans, andLactobacillusspp. The intestinal abundances of two bacteria were decreased in patients with IBS after FMT and were correlated with the severity of IBS symptoms and fatigue (Streptococcus thermophilusandCoprobacillus cateniformis). Ten of these bacteria are anaerobic and one (Streptococcus thermophilus) is facultative anaerobic. Several of these bacteria produce short‐chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, which is used as an energy source by large intestine epithelial cells. Moreover, it modulates the immune response and hypersensitivity of the large intestine and decreases intestinal cell permeability and intestinal motility. These bacteria could be used as probiotics to improve these conditions. Protein‐rich diets could increase the intestinal abundance ofAlistipes, and plant‐rich diet could increase the intestinal abundance ofPrevotellaspp., and consequently improve IBS and fatigue.
Abrupt and acclimation responses to changing temperature elicit divergent physiological effects in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Rehder Linda , Rost Björn , Rokitta Sebastian D.
Published: May 2023

Growth rates and other biomass traits of phytoplankton are strongly affected by temperature. We hypothesized that resulting phenotypes originate from deviating temperature sensitivities of underlying physiological processes.

We used membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry to assess photosynthetic and respiratory O2 and CO2 fluxes in response to abrupt temperature changes as well as after acclimation periods in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Abrupt temperature changes caused immediate over‐ or undershoots in most physiological processes, that is, photosynthetic oxygen release (), photosynthetic carbon uptake (), and respiratory oxygen release (). Over acclimation timescales, cells were, however, able to re‐adjust their physiology and revert to phenotypic ‘sweet spots’.

Respiratory CO2 release () was generally inhibited under high temperature and stimulated under low‐temperature settings, on abrupt as well as acclimation timescales. Such behavior may help mitochondria to stabilize plastidial ATP : NADPH ratios and thus maximize photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
3D‐printed temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined prosthesis: A prospective study
Authors: Zheng Jisi , Huo Liang , Jiao Zixian , Wei Xiang , Bu Lingtong , Jiang Wenbo , Luo Yi , Chen Minjie , Yang Chi
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The study aimed to introduce and evaluate a new customized temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined prosthesis with 3D printing fabrication.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective study including patients with temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined lesions. A 3D‐printed customized temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined prosthesis was implanted to repair the joint and jaw defect. Clinical follow‐up and radiographic examinations were taken to assess the clinical efficacy. The assessment indices were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

Eight patients were treated with the combined prosthesis and included in this study. All prostheses were accurately positioned and fixed without wound infection, prosthesis exposure, displacement, loosening, or fracture. All cases had no mass recurrence at the last follow‐up point. Pain, diet, mandibular function, lateral mandibular movement to the diseased side, and maximal interincisal opening showed significant improvements at every follow‐up point and went to a stable condition at 6 months after the operation. But the lateral movement to the non‐operated side was still limited following surgery.

Conclusion

The 3D‐printed combined prosthesis may be an alternative to other well‐established reconstructions for temporomandibular joint and mandible defects.
A cross‐sectional study on activity impairment in primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Yenissoy Yıldız , Altıngöz Elif Naz , Kapusuz Aysun , Abacar Kerem , Tatlı Imren , Türe‐Özdemir Filiz , Karacaylı Umit , Yay Meral , Direskeneli Haner , Fortune Farida , Inanc Nevsun , Mumcu Gonca
Published: May 2023

Objective

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to show relations between activity impairment and salivary gland involvement for patient empowerment in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).

Methods

In the study, 86 patients with pSS were included. The data were collected through clinical examinations and a questionnaire regarding Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), EULAR Sjogren's syndrome patient‐reported index (ESSPRI) and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14). Relations were analysed by using mediation and moderation analyses. In simple mediation analysis, an independent variable (X) influences outcome variable (Y) through a mediator variable (M) whereas a moderator variable (W) affects the direction of the relationship between the dependent (Y) and independent variables (X).

Results

Increases in ESSPRI‐Dryness score (X) (p = 0.0189) and OHIP‐14 score (M) (p = 0.0004) were associated with the poor WPAI activity impairment score (Y) in the first mediation analysis. The WPAI activity impairment score was mediated by the elevated ESSPRI‐Fatigue score (X) (p = 0.03641) and low U‐SFR (M) (p = 0.0000) in the second mediation analysis. In addition, ESSPRI‐Pain score (W) was the significant moderator for WPAI activity impairment (Y) in patients without hyposalivation in the moderation analysis (p = 0.0010).

Conclusion

WPAI activity impairment was affected by both ESSPRI‐Dryness with OHRQoL and ESSPRI‐Fatigue with SFR in glandular involvement.
Barriers and facilitators to skin hygiene care and emollient use in residential care homes: Instrument design and survey
Authors: Cowdell Fiona , Heague Megan , Dyson Judith
Published: May 2023

Background

The older person care home population is increasing. As skin ages, it becomes vulnerable to dryness, itching, cracks and tears. These are experienced by most older people, they impair quality of life and can lead skin breakdown, increased dependency, hospital stays and greater financial and human costs. Dryness, itching, cracks and tears can be prevented, but despite best practice guidance, concordance is suboptimal.

Objectives

(i) develop and test a theory‐based diagnostic instrument to accurately and prospectively assess barriers and facilitators and (ii) survey barriers and facilitators to care home staff in the delivery of skin hygiene care.

Methods

Instrument development and survey. Barriers and facilitators identified from the literature and pilot study were categorised in a Delphi survey of experts (n = 8) to the Theoretical Domains Framework. This model was tested in three rounds for face validity (n = 38), construct validity (n = 235) and test–retest reliability (n = 11). Barriers and facilitators were surveyed in Round 2 and reported in accordance with TRIPOD.

Results

A 29‐item valid and reliable instrument (SHELL‐CH) resulted (χ2/df = 1.539, RMSEA = 0.047, CFA = 0.872). Key barriers were delivering skin hygiene care to agitated or confused residents, pressure to rush or engage in other tasks from colleagues, being busy and the unrealistic expectations of relatives. Knowledge of skin hygiene care was a facilitator.

Conclusion

This study has international significance having identified barriers and facilitators to skin hygiene care including barriers previously unreported.
Survival, ventricular arrhythmia, and implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator usefulness in toxic cardiomyopathy due to substance abuse
Authors: Dognin Nicolas , Rimac Goran , Domain Guillaume , Cinq‐Mars Alexandre , Massot Montse , Turgeon Pierre Yves , Dubois‐Sénéchal Sacha‐Michelle , Bourgault Christine , Morin Joëlle , Bernier Mathieu , Beaudoin Jonathan , Laflamme Maxime , Charbonneau Eric , Strubé Camille , Voisine Pierre , Philippon François , Belzile David , Sénéchal Mario
Published: May 2023

Background

Toxic dilated cardiomyopathy (T‐DCM) due to substance abuse is now recognized as a potential cause of severe left ventricular dysfunction. The burden of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and the role of a prophylactic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) are not well documented in this population. We aim to assess the usefulness of ICD implantation in a T‐DCM cohort.

Methods

Patients younger than 65 years with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 35% followed at a tertiary center heart failure (HF) clinic between January 2003 and August 2019 were screened for inclusion. The diagnosis of T‐DCM was confirmed after excluding other etiologies, and substance abuse was established according to the DSM‐5 criteria. The composite primary endpoints were arrhythmic syncope, sudden cardiac death (SCD), or death of unknown cause. The secondary endpoints were the occurrence of sustained VA and/or appropriate therapies in ICD carriers.

Results

Thirty‐eight patients were identified, and an ICD was implanted in 19 (50%) of these patients, only one for secondary prevention. The primary outcome was similar between the two groups (ICD vs. non‐ICD; p = 1.00). After a mean follow‐up of 33 ± 36 months, only two VA episodes were reported in the ICD group. Three patients received inappropriate ICD therapies. One ICD implantation was complicated with cardiac tamponade. Twenty‐three patients (61%) had an LVEF ≥35% at 12 months.

Conclusion

VA are infrequent in the T‐DCM population. The prophylactic ICD benefit was not observed in our cohort. The ideal timing for potential prophylactic ICD implantation in this population needs further studies.
Capital appreciation bonds and the cost of borrowing
Authors: Moldogaziev Temirlan T. , Kriz Kenneth A.
Published: May 2023

A Capital Appreciation Bond (CAB) is a financial instrument that is most attractive as a resource‐flow management instrument. It bridges multiple fiscal years for jurisdictions experiencing rapid growth, potentially stretching for decades, but may also be used by localities experiencing fiscal distress. Using debt issuance data by independent school districts in Texas, who utilized almost all such bonds in the state, we present empirical evidence that CABs are associated with both the service and fiscal pressure factors. We further observe that, though the threat from CABs in terms of borrowing costs may have been exaggerated, enacting limits on debt repayment ratios (ratio of payment size at maturity to premium size) was likely the right legislative intervention.
Child emotion lability is associated with within‐task changes of autonomic activity during a mirror‐tracing task
Authors: Rawn Kyle P. , Keller Peggy S.
Published: May 2023

Adaptive biological and emotional stress responding are both critical for healthy human development. However, the complex associations between the two are not fully understood. The current study addresses this gap in research by studying associations of child emotion regulation and lability with within‐task changes in the biological stress response during a mirror‐tracing task. Participants were 59 families including two parents and a child between 5 and 12 years old (52.2% female). Parents reported on family demographics and completed the Emotion Regulation Checklist. Child skin conductance level (SCL) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were recorded during a baseline task and during a 3‐minute mirror‐tracing task. Within‐task patterns of SCL and RSA during the task were estimated with multilevel modeling (measures within persons). The emotion regulation subscale was unrelated to any facet of SCL/RSA time courses. However, lower emotion lability was related to SCL patterns that changed less during the task and were overall lower. For RSA, lower emotion lability was related to higher initial RSA that significantly decreased during the task. These findings suggest that higher child emotion lability may promote increased physiological arousal of target organs during challenging activities.
Elevated fibrinogen to pre‐albumin ratio predicts mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Xia Wenkai , Hua Xi , Sun Dong , Xie Xiangcheng , Kuang Meisi , Hu Hong
Published: May 2023

background

Fibrinogen to pre‐albumin ratio (FPR) is a promising predictor of mortality in various cancers. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of FPR to predict mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 324 incident PD patients form January 2011 to December 2020. Patients were stratified based on the optimal thresholds for FPR at baseline to predict overall and cardiovascular mortality during follow‐up. The association of FPR and all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier curve and Cox regression analysis.

Results

All patients were divided into three groups based on the optimal cutoff value of FPR. Higher FPR levels were strongly correlated with worse overall and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients. Compared with patients in the lowest FPR tertile (<14.3), those in the highest terile (≥18.8) had multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI confidence interval) of 3.37 (1.76–6.49) and 2.86 (1.31–6.23) for all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Significant differences in overall survival were observed across nearly all subgroups after stratification.

Conclusions

Patients with a high FPR had increased all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. FPR is a potential prognostic indicator in PD patients.
The effect of compulsory face mask policies on community mobility in Germany*
Authors: Kovacs Roxanne , Dunaiski Maurice , Tukiainen Janne
Published: May 2023

There is an ongoing debate about face masks being made compulsory in public spaces to contain COVID‐19. A key concern is that such policies could undermine efforts to maintain social distancing and reduce mobility. We provide first evidence on the impact of compulsory face mask policies on community mobility. We exploit the staggered implementation of policies by German states during the first wave of the pandemic and measure mobility using geo‐located smartphone data. We find that compulsory face mask policies led to a short‐term reduction in community mobility, with no significant medium‐term effects. We can rule out even small increases in mobility.
Skin antiaging effects of a multiple mechanisms hyaluronan complex
Authors: Chen Fan , Guo Xueping , Wu Yue
Published: May 2023

Objective

Intrinsic skin aging is an inevitable process with reduced extracellular matrix deposition and impaired mechanical integrity in the dermal‐epidermal junction (DEJ). Hyaluronan is one of the most promising natural ingredients. In this research, multiple mechanisms of a novel hyaluronan complex against intrinsic skin aging were revealed.

Method

Immunohistochemical analysis and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were employed to evaluate the effect of low‐molecular weight sodium hyaluronan, its acetylated derivative and HA complex on expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and type I collagen in normal human fibroblasts. Then, immunohistochemical analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining was carried out to evaluate identical effects of HA complex in reconstructed skin equivalents, as well as its benefits on histological structure and DEJ.

Result

In normal human dermal fibroblasts, the hyaluronan complex, which contains low‐molecular weight sodium hyaluronate and its acetylated derivative, has synergistic effects by increasing type I collagen expression. At the same time, MMP‐1 production was inhibited. This was confirmed in subsequent experiments with skin equivalent, and intriguingly, the hyaluronan complex was also found to increase the expression of two DEJ proteins.

Conclusion

The multimechanism hyaluronan complex in this proof‐of‐concept study exhibited skin antiaging effects in vitro through inhibiting the expression of MMP‐1 and enhancing type I collagen accumulation and the expression of DEJ proteins, which reveals new avenues for investigating more biological activities of various types of hyaluronan.
Vaccination and associated factors among tribal children of 1 year age in nine Indian districts: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kusuma Yadlapalli S. , Kumari Anjali , Rajbangshi Preety , Ganie Ashraf , Sarala R. , Kumar Dinesh , Kalaiselvi S. , Kanungo Srikanta , Jain Nutan , Singh Rajesh , Tiwari Satish Kumar , Gupta Shiv Dutt , Babu Bontha V.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To report on vaccination status by 12 months of age among tribal children from nine districts of India.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of 2631 tribal women having a child aged 12 months or below from nine Indian districts with a considerable proportion of the tribal population. Socio‐demographic details, reception of various vaccines by 12 months of age, mother's antenatal care utilisation and health system‐related details were collected through a pre‐tested, interviewer‐administered questionnaire from mothers. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with complete vaccination by 12 months of age.

Results

Only 52% of children were fully vaccinated by the age of 12 months among the tribal populations; 11% did not receive any vaccine, and 37% of the tribal children received some vaccines. The age‐appropriate vaccination was unsatisfactory as only 75% of the infants received all birth dose vaccines, and only 60.5% received all doses by 14 weeks. Only 73% were vaccinated against measles. Illness of the child, home births and communication gaps concerning vaccination were the main reasons for an infant not being vaccinated appropriately. Frequency of health worker's visits to the village, hospital birth, reception of advice on vaccination and educational status of the head of the households were significantly associated with full vaccination status.

Conclusion

A relatively low proportion of children were fully vaccinated among the tribal populations. Health systems factors, mainly the outreach services and advice by the health workers, were positively and significantly associated with a child being fully vaccinated by 12 months of age. Improving outreach services is crucial to improve vaccination coverage in tribal areas, and there is a need to address the social determinants in the long run.
Pyrophosphate as a novel anticoagulant for storage of whole blood: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Feth Maximilian , Hainline Robert V. , Barrera Gema , Meledeo Michael Adam , Ross Evan
Published: May 2023

Background

Citrate is the only anticoagulant currently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved for the long‐term storage of blood for transfusion. Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and may play a pro‐inflammatory role, suggesting that there may be an advantage to using alternative anticoagulants. Here, we examine the use of pyrophosphate as an anticoagulant.

Study design and methods

Whole blood samples from healthy donors were anticoagulated either with citrate–phosphate–adenine–dextrose (CPDA‐1) or our novel anticoagulant mixture pyrophosphate‐phosphate–adenine–dextrose (PPDA‐1). Samples were assessed for coagulation capacity by thromboelastography immediately after anticoagulation (T0) with and without recalcification, as well as 5 hours after anticoagulation (T1) with recalcification. Complete blood counts were taken at both timepoints. Flow cytometry to evaluate platelet activation as well as blood smears to evaluate cellular morphology were performed at T1.

Results

No clotting was detected in samples anticoagulated with either solution without recalcification. After recalcification, clotting function was restored in both groups. R‐Time in recalcified PPDA‐1 samples was shorter than in CPDA‐1 samples. A reduction in platelet count at T1 compared to T0 was observed in both groups. No significant platelet activation was observed in either group at T1. Blood smear indicated platelet clumping in PPDA‐1.

Conclusion

We have shown initial proof of concept that pyrophosphate functions as an anticoagulant at the dose used in this study, though there is an associated loss of platelets over time that may limit its usefulness for blood storage. Further dose optimization of pyrophosphate may limit or reduce the loss of platelets.
A relative version of the Turaev–Viro invariants and the volume of hyperbolic polyhedral 3‐manifolds
Authors: Yang Tian
Published: May 2023

We define a relative version of the Turaev–Viro invariants for an ideally triangulated compact 3‐manifold with nonempty boundary and a coloring on the edges, generalizing the Turaev–Viro invariants [36] of the manifold. We also propose the volume conjecture for these invariants whose asymptotic behavior is related to the volume of the manifold in the hyperbolic polyhedral metric [22, 23] with singular locus of the edges and cone angles determined by the coloring, and prove the conjecture in the case that the cone angles are sufficiently small. This suggests an approach of solving the volume conjecture for the Turaev–Viro invariants proposed by Chen–Yang [8] for hyperbolic 3‐manifolds with totally geodesic boundary.
Oncological and functional outcomes of transoral surgery compared with non-surgical management in small-volume oropharyngeal cancer: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Jeong Bora , Krishnan Giri , Foreman Andrew , Aromataris Edoardo
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to investigate oncological and functional outcomes following primary transoral surgery compared with non-surgical management in patients with small-volume (T1-2, N0-2) oropharyngeal cancer.

Introduction:

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is rising. Transoral surgery was introduced to provide a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with small-volume oropharyngeal cancer and to avoid the morbidity that results from open surgery and the potential acute and late toxicities of chemoradiotherapy.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will include all studies on adult patients with small-volume oropharyngeal cancer managed by transoral surgery or non-surgical management with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. All patients must have undergone treatment with curative intent. Participants who underwent palliative treatment will be excluded.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. Eligible study designs will include randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and prospective or retrospective cohort studies. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and multiple trial registries from 1972. Titles and abstracts will be reviewed, and full-text articles will be retrieved if they meet the inclusion criteria. All eligible studies will be critically appraised by 2 independent reviewers using the appropriate JBI tools for experimental and observational designs. Where possible, outcome data from studies will be pooled with statistical meta-analysis to compare both oncological and functional outcomes between the two groups. All time to event to data will be converted to a common metric for oncological outcomes. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach will be followed to assess the certainty of findings.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO 352509
Preclinical models of maternal asthma and progeny outcomes: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Robinson Joshua L. , Gatford Kathy L. , Clifton Vicki L. , Morrison Janna L. , Stark Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This scoping review will describe the methodology, phenotype, and characteristics of maternal asthma models used in preclinical studies and the outcomes that have been measured in the mother and progeny. The review This will identify gaps in knowledge of maternal and progeny outcomes following maternal asthma in pregnancy.

Introduction:

Maternal asthma affects up to 17% of pregnancies worldwide and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in mothers and babies, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, preterm birth, small for gestational age, nursery admission, and neonatal death. While the associations are well established, the mechanisms linking maternal asthma and adverse perinatal outcomes are largely unknown due to the difficulties of human mechanistic studies. The appropriate selection of animal models is vital to understanding the mechanisms underlying associations between human maternal asthma and adverse perinatal outcomes.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include primary studies published in English where outcomes have been studied in vivo in non-human mammalian species.

Methods:

This review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will search MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science to identify papers published before the end of 2022. Initial keywords will include pregnancy, gestation, asthma, and wheeze, as well as validated search strings to identify papers that describe animal models. Extracted data will include information on methods used to induce maternal asthma; asthmatic phenotypes and characteristics; and maternal, pregnancy, placental, and progeny outcomes. The characteristics of each study will be presented in summary tables and a core outcome list to assist researchers in developing, reporting, and comparing future animal studies of maternal asthma.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework osf.io/trwk5