bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning away from epistemic violence by capturing a lived experience of the other
Authors: Gut Arkadiusz , Wilczewski Michał
Published: June 2020

We agree with Held’s (2020) arguments for establishing a research practice that prevents numerous forms of othering in mainstream psychological research, which is essentially derived from omitting concepts embedded in the lived experience of the other. However, we believe those arguments are not yet sufficient for fulfilling the true potential of such research practice. In this discussion, we focus on accessing a lived experience of the other as a means of preventing epistemic violence that contributes to the oppression of othered people. We suggest that researchers broaden their psychological perspective that detaches concepts and theories from personal experience. To truly meet the other, the narrative approach offers promising potential, as it captures an individual’s lived experience and subjective perspective. Finally, we stress the pivotal role of social interaction in concept and folk theory formation, which is necessary to implement Held’s postulations for Indigenous psychology.
Epistemic violence, relativism, and objectivity
Authors: Schultz William
Published: June 2020

Held (2020) provides an admirable overview of the importance of and challenges associated with epistemic violence. However, likely due to length restraints, she did not attend to an important consideration related to her discussion of epistemic violence: that objective knowledge is not possible. The view that objective knowledge is not possible can be interpreted as a species of relativism. This commentary connects discussions of epistemic violence to an ancient argument against relativism, arguing that those concerned with epistemic violence ought to also be concerned with the potentially dangerous belief that relativism is true.
Criteria for evaluating risk prediction of multiple outcomes
Authors: Dudbridge Frank
Published: June 2020

Risk prediction models have been developed in many contexts to classify individuals according to a single outcome, such as risk of a disease. Emerging “-omic” biomarkers provide panels of features that can simultaneously predict multiple outcomes from a single biological sample, creating issues of multiplicity reminiscent of exploratory hypothesis testing. Here I propose definitions of some basic criteria for evaluating prediction models of multiple outcomes. I define calibration in the multivariate setting and then distinguish between outcome-wise and individual-wise prediction, and within the latter between joint and panel-wise prediction. I give examples such as screening and early detection in which different senses of prediction may be more appropriate. In each case I propose definitions of sensitivity, specificity, concordance, positive and negative predictive value and relative utility. I link the definitions through a multivariate probit model, showing that the accuracy of a multivariate prediction model can be summarised by its covariance with a liability vector. I illustrate the concepts on a biomarker panel for early detection of eight cancers, and on polygenic risk scores for six common diseases.
A Descriptive Analysis of College Students’ Experiences of Female-Perpetrated Sexual Assault
Authors: Gambardella Gianna , Benz Madeline , Hines Denise A. , Palm Reed Kathleen M.
Published: June 2020

The current study sought to explore the experiences of college students who have experienced female-perpetrated sexual assault, and to compare their experiences to those of students assaulted by male perpetrators. A total of 11,165 college students across 11 years completed an online, anonymous survey measuring self-reports of sexual violence, context surrounding their victimization, help-seeking, and well-being. Of the students surveyed, 531 students reported experiencing sexual assault and identified both their own gender and the gender of their perpetrator, and 14% reported having experienced female-perpetrated sexual assault. Victims of female perpetrators were more likely to report their perpetrator being an (ex)intimate partner and less likely to be a stranger. Victims of female perpetrators were also more likely to report that their victimization involved their own drug use. Overall, victims of female-perpetrated sexual assault were less likely to tell anyone about their victimization, or to report to on- or off-campus resources. Finally, our findings suggest that victims of female perpetrators have comparable well-being to victims of male perpetrators. These finding contribute to the overall understanding of female-perpetrated sexual assault.
Female Sex Offenders in Ireland: Examining the Response of the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Leahy Susan
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on the Irish criminal justice system’s response to female sex offending. As in other jurisdictions, very little attention has been paid to female sexual offending in Ireland. However, sexual offenses involving female offenders are occurring and are increasingly being detected and prosecuted. The article provides an overview of female sex offending in Ireland, offering a discussion of available prevalence statistics and an analysis of Irish cases where women have been convicted of sexual offenses. It is argued that, in light of the fact that women are clearly being convicted of sexual offenses in Ireland, it is timely to question whether current laws and policies on sexual offenses and offenders are equipped to deal with female offenders and what types of reforms are likely to be necessary to effectively respond to this category of sexual offending. The potential for reform is considered with reference to three key stages of the criminal justice process: (a) reporting and detection; (b) prosecution and punishment; and (c) treatment and rehabilitation.
Development of variable preload system for machine tool spindle using giant magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D actuator
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyeon , Lee Choon-Man
Published: June 2020

Applying a bearing preload of machine tool spindle produces positive effects, including increased stiffness, rotation noise reduction, increase in shaft precision, position adjustment during operation, and prevention of rolling element resonance and rotating slip, along with a significant extension of the bearing lifespan. A variable preload technique is a method that improves the bearing performance by appropriately varying the preload applied to the bearing according to the spindle rotation speed and machining condition. In this study, a novel variable preload method utilizing a Terfenol-D actuator has greater power and more displacement and force than those of other transducer materials such as piezo elements or nickel alloys. Terfenol-D has greater power and more displacement and more force. A prototype of a spindle for the variable preload system using Terfenol-D was fabricated, and the axial force and displacement of the bearing were measured during a running experiment. In order to assess whether the proposed variable preload device can effectively apply preloading to the bearing, a comparative analysis was conducted between the theoretical and empirically obtained values of the bearing axial direction displacement. Through the comparative analysis, the real applicability of the proposed structure was confirmed.
The Factors That Promote Vaccine Hesitancy, Rejection, or Delay in Parents
Authors: Majid Umair , Ahmad Mobeen
Published: June 2020

Vaccines are some of the most cost-effective public health interventions for reducing disease burden and mortality. However, in recent years, health systems have faced a growing challenge with increasing number of parents who choose not to vaccinate their children. This decision has important implications for the health of communities worldwide, and despite a considerable amount of research that reinforces vaccine effectiveness and safety, there is uncertainty surrounding the factors that may encourage vaccine hesitancy in parents. In this interpretive review of 34 qualitative studies, we examine the factors that bolster vaccine hesitancy, rejection, and delay, and identify the overlaps and relationships between these factors. We depict our findings using the metaphor of a gear train where each gear represents one of seven factors: previous experiences; “natural” and “organic” living; perceptions of other parents; experiences interacting with health care providers; information sources, challenges, and preferences; distrust in health system players; and mandatory vaccine policies.
Clinical Care of Bone Health in Patients on the Immune Tolerance Induction’s Protocols With an Immunosuppressive Agent for Inhibitor Eradication in Hemophilia
Authors: Rezaieyazdi Zahra , Mansouritorghabeh Hassan
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, the development of factor VIII and IX inhibitors in patients with hemophilia is considered as the most challenging in the treatment of hemophilia. Immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy is an approach for eradication of inhibitors. Some ITI protocols are routinely in use for the eradication of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia. Moreover, such a therapeutic regimen may facilitate the tendency to reduced bone density in patients with inhibitor. This study scheduled to investigate whether that predisposing role of ITI protocols with an immunosuppressive agent has considered or not. By a literature review, published ITI protocols in hemophilia with inhibitors were evaluated. Among them, 51 papers found and studied thoroughly. None of them had performed the bone mineral examination in patients with hemophilia and inhibitor under treatment. Since there are 2 coexisting facilitating factors in these protocols, considering the bone mineral density study for patients with inhibitor who are undergoing ITI protocols with an immunosuppressive agent is recommended.
The Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio Is Associated With Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Zhang Da-Peng , Mao Xiao-Feng , Wu Ting-Ting , Chen You , Hou Xian-Geng , Yang Yi , Ma Xiang , Zhang Jin-Ying , Ma Yi-Tong , Xie Xiang , Zheng Ying-Ying
Published: June 2020

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease, and serum fibrinogen and albumin are 2 important factors in systemic inflammation. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the fibrinogen–albumin ratio (FAR) and outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). All patients were from the Clinical Outcomes and Risk Factors of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI (CORFCHD-PCI) study, which is a retrospective cohort study (Identifier: ChiCTR-ORC-16010153) that includes a total of 6050 patients with CAD after PCI from January 2008 to December 2016. A total of 5829 patients with CAD after PCI were recruited in the present study. They were divided into 2 groups according to the FAR cutoff value, which was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve, a low group (FAR < 0.095, n = 3811), and a high group (FAR ≥ 0.095, n = 2018). The average follow-up time was 35.9 ± 22.6 months. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that FAR was independently correlated with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.432 [1.134-1.808], P = .003), cardiac mortality (adjusted HR = 1.579 [1.218-2.047], P = .001), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (adjusted HR = 1.296 [1.125-1.494], P < .001), major adverse cardiac events (adjusted HR = 1.357 [1.170-1.572], P < .001), and heart failure (adjusted HR = 1.540 [1.135-2.091], P = .006). The present study indicated that the FAR was associated with adverse outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent PCI.
A sky-hook sliding mode semiactive control for commercial truck seat suspension
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Yong , Zhu Chengwei , Wu Jinbo , Zhuang Ye
Published: June 2020

A semiactive seat suspension control method is proposed in this study and applied to attenuate the vibration of the commercial truck seat for enhancing its ride comfort. The semiactive seat suspension system with a magnetorheological damper behaves with undesirable nonlinear properties. The proposed controller is a typical nonlinear controller, which takes the ideal sky-hook controller as the reference model and forces the tracking error vector. The controller has achieved great performance of attenuating vibration and is robust to parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The relaxation oscillation phenomenon and convergence were also analyzed by the contribution of the phase portrait. As the phase portrait depicted, the sky-hook controller, a weakly nonlinear system, could be approximated by the equivalent linear approximate model. However, the proposed controller, the sky-hook sliding mode controller, is a strongly nonlinear system, which could not be linearized by the regular perturbation theory, and the criterion is given by the phase portrait. The experiment results showed good agreement with the simulation results, and some other matters encountered were also analyzed in the process of application.
The relationship between patient age and residual refractive error after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate-to-high hyperopia
Authors: Biscevic Alma , Bohac Maja , Ahmedbegovic-Pjano Melisa , Pidro Ajla , Bejdic Nita , Patel Sudi
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

To determine if the manifest sphero-cylindrical residual refractive error, at various time points over a 12-month postop period after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) was associated with patient age at time of surgery.

Methods:

Patients with moderate to high hyperopia (3.00–7.00 DS) and astigmatism ⩽2 DC underwent LASIK using Wavelight Allegretto Eye Q (400 Hz). Treatments were centered on corneal vertex, flaps were made with Moria M2 mechanical microkeratome. Pre-and postoperative uncorrected and corrected distant visual acuity, best corrected spherical equivalent (SEQ) were measured. Measurements were taken at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery. Target refraction was emmetropia. Total of 161 patients were treated. In binocular cases, data from the right eyes were included for analysis. In this article, we report on refraction data only. Raw data were subjected to several permutations to elicit any links between refractive outcomes and patient age.

Results:

The key findings were as follows y = postop SEQ (diopters), x = patient age (years), ln( x) = natural logarithm of patient age: At 1 month, y =  x[0.049 −0.011.ln( x)] ( R = −0.205, p = 0.001, n = 161). At 3 months, y =  x[0.077 −0.017.ln( x)] ( R = −0.355, p < 0.001, n = 161). At 6 months, y =  x[0.088 −0.020.ln( x)] ( R = −0.382, p < 0.001, n = 161). At 12 months, y =  x[0.093 −0.021.ln( x)] ( R = −0.409, p < 0.001, n = 161). There was no significant association between x and y at 1 week ( p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Residual postop refractive error after LASIK for hyperopia has a logarithmic association with patient age at time of surgery. In younger patients there is tendency toward undercorrection, the opposite occurs in older patients and this persists 1 year after treatment.
Hygienic Practices and Structural Conditions of the Food Processing Premises Were the Main Drivers of Microbiological Quality of Edible Ice Products in Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam 2019
Authors: Tuyet Hanh Tran Thi , Hanh Mac Huy
Published: June 2020

Background:

Ice is used in large quantities as refreshment in alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages, especially in summer time. Contamination of edible ice products with pathogens is a public health concern in various countries, including Vietnam. This study aimed to assess the food safety conditions, the quality of edible ice products and related factors at manufacturing premises in Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam in 2019.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Food safety assessment was carried out in all 45 ice producing premises in the province and 79 ice samples were collected and analyzed microbiologically. In-depth interviews were conducted with 2 food safety management staff, 4 owners of premises, and 4 workers.

Results:

Only 22.4% (18/79) and 37.8% (30/79) of the premises met requirement for food safety conditions and microbiological food safety requirements, respectively. Half of the ice samples, 51.9% (41/79), were contaminated, 49.4% (39/79) with Escherichia coli and 12.7% (10/79) with total coliforms. Streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were not detected. The major risks were material, odds ratio (OR) = 4.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002-17.6), structural challenges in the facilities, OR = 4.3 (95% CI: 1.13-16.7), broken floors or difficulty in cleaning, OR = 5.4 (95% CI: 1.26-22.9), and poor staff hygiene practices, OR = 19.5 (95% CI: 4.2-91.1). Workers lacked knowledge and appropriate practices to prevent microbial contamination of ice products.

Conclusions:

The food safety conditions and the quality of ice cubes at manufacturing premises in Binh Phuoc Province were not acceptable. Hygiene deficiencies in ice producing and handling processes, inadequate knowledge of staff, inadequate food safety management practices, and hygiene conditions of the premises were important factors in producing contaminated ice products. We recommend more staff training and crediting the staff when performing adequate practices, paying attention to broken floors or difficulty in cleaning, structural deficiency, and ensuring regular monitoring of premises. This study adds a special interest to ensure food safety conditions at ice producing premises to prevent microbial contamination of the products.
Difficult distinctions in anti-discrimination law: Disfigurement, appearance and disability
Authors: Saunders Hannah
Published: June 2020

The Equality Act 2010 provides that someone with a severe disfigurement may fall within the protected characteristic of disability. However, the parameters of the severe disfigurement provision remain uncertain. These parameters are under particular tension from the related concepts of appearance and disability, which partially overlap with disfigurement. This article argues that ‘disfigurement’ should be read as encompassing a broader range of appearance-altering conditions than has yet been recognised. Legal protection should extend beyond conditions such as scarring to include other visible differences. The personal, relative nature of disfigurement should also be recognised; disfigurement should not be viewed as a universal standard irrespective of context, but as a measure of the extent to which a particular person’s appearance is affected by an impairment. Resolving the underlying tension between the concepts of disability and appearance is key not just to addressing disfigurement but also other visible, stigmatised conditions, including obesity.
Procedural justice perceptions in the mediation of discrimination reports by a national equality body
Authors: Van de Graaf Cathérine
Published: June 2020

National equality bodies (NEBs) must provide independent assistance to victims of discrimination in complaints about discrimination. As the EU Directive 2000/43/EC only introduced a minimum programme, there is great variety in design at the national level. In this article, the focus lies on the out-of-court approach of the Belgian NEB (Unia) which is founded on dialogue with the involved parties. Based on semi-directive interviews with 18 persons who reported discrimination and hate speech, the factors that contribute to their satisfaction with the assistance procedure of the NEB are explored. This satisfaction is approached from a socio-psychological perspective based on the relational model of procedural justice which implies that people care about a fair procedure because of the message it conveys to them about their relationship with the entity enacting the procedure. As established in prior research on informal dispute resolution, it was found that the quality of their interaction with the staff members at the NEB played a great role in the assessment of the procedure.
Religious coping and psychosocial adjustment in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Burgess B Edwin , Gresham Bria Leigh , Mrug Sylvie , Bray Leigh Ann , Leon Kevin Jay , Troxler Robert Bradley
Published: June 2020

The role of religious coping (RC) in psychosocial outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with cystic fibrosis has not been addressed. Multivariate regressions evaluated the effects of baseline RC on depressive and anxiety symptoms and HRQoL at 3-month follow-up in 123 adult cystic fibrosis patients. Higher positive RC attenuated the effects of perceived stress on greater depressive and anxiety symptoms. Negative RC predicted less vitality and social HRQoL, as well as more digestion symptoms. Positive RC may buffer the impact of stress on patients’ psychological distress, whereas negative RC may contribute to lower health-related quality of life.
Multidimensional green brand equity: A cross-cultural scale development and validation study
Authors: Ishaq Muhammad Ishtiaq
Published: June 2020

A plethora of studies indicate that brand equity is an intangible asset that played a vital role in increasing overall performance and customer preferences. The next logical questions would be the following: “How can a firm offer eco-friendly brands?” and “How can one measure green brand equity?” The purpose of this research is to propose an original, unique, and validated scale to measure multidimensional green brand equity for both products and services in a cross-cultural context. This study used a multistep scale development research design, and collected data from 980 consumers of telecommunication and home appliances industries in Pakistan and Italy. The six-dimensional green brand equity scale consists of social influence, sustainability, perceived quality, brand awareness, brand association, and brand leadership. As the green brand equity scale was invariant across Pakistan and Italy, researchers can test this scale both conceptually in the research and theoretically in the corporate environment.
Feminist participatory action research with men to prevent intimate partner violence
Authors: Lorenzetti Liza , Walsh Christine A
Published: June 2020

Employing Reid and Frisby’s feminist participatory action research model (FPAR) as a guide, men from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds worked with women leaders to take action on the issue of intimate partner violence. Engaging with four interconnected phases, the research team adopted shared roles of leadership which led to 29 collective actions. Through trust-building dialogues, we interrogated issues related to masculinity, gender equity, anti-racism, and decolonization. A “collective cultures approach” to men’s violence prevention work was articulated and a grassroots movement emerged. As white women situated in both academic and community spaces, we discuss knowledges, actions, and learnings from this FPAR process, underscoring the tensions and contradictions of employing FPAR in real-life contexts. The importance and limitations of inter-relational reflexivity and power accountability are emphasized as a core tenet of FPAR.
Duration of Perioperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Patients
Authors: Bandali Aiman , Bias Tiffany E. , Lee Dong Heun , Malat Gregory
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

According to clinical guidelines, there are no differences in early infection rates when utilizing antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens beyond 24 hours. We shortened the prophylaxis regimen from 72 to 24 hours in liver transplant recipients due to rising rates of resistance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the difference in posttransplant outcomes, following the protocol change.

Design:

We reviewed adult patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation between June 2013 and December 2015. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts: 24 and 72 hours. Patients were excluded if donor cultures were positive. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence and time to posttransplant infections. The secondary objectives included analysis of total and intensive care unit length of stay and rates of Clostridioides difficile infection.

Results:

Forty-four patients were included, 20 in the 72-hour and 24 in the 24-hour cohorts. The incidence of post-OLT infection (30% vs 8%, P = .115, 95% CI: −1% to 45%) was higher in the 72-hour cohort. Total (21 vs 14, P = .332, 95% CI: −4% to 28%) and intensive care unit LOS (11 vs 6, P = .201, 95% CI, −5% to 31%) were longer in the 72-hour group. No difference was observed in the incidence of CDI (15% vs 13%, P = 1.000).

Discussion:

There was no increase in posttransplant infections in the 24-hour cohort. Shorter antibiotic exposure may be associated with a reduction in length of stay and be favorable in this patient population.
Going Digital in Ethnography: Navigating the Ethical Tensions and Productive Possibilities
Authors: Lester Jessica Nina
Published: June 2020

Over the last few decades, ethnographers have begun to orient to the digital world as both a site of new data and a domain of study itself. Alongside new technologies has come a host of emergent ethical dilemmas. In this methodological paper, I describe some of the ethical challenges and productive possibilities of going digital when engaged in ethnographic research. Drawing upon the theory of affordances, I discuss the ongoing ethical debate around what counts as public versus private, as well as the closely related concerns regarding treating online data as texts versus that which is generated by human subjects. I also examine some of the potential affordances of going digital, including the possibility of leveraging digital spaces to expand representation and engage citizen researchers. Throughout, I draw upon empirical examples from a virtual ethnography focused on the everyday life of a woman who identifies as autistic.
A Comparison Between Diabetic Foot Classifications WIfI, Saint Elian, and Texas: Description of Wounds and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Carro Gabriela Verónica , Saurral Ruben , Carlucci Elsa , Gette Fernando , Llanos María de los Ángeles , Amato Pablo Salvador
Published: June 2020

Several wound classification systems are used to assess diabetic foot wounds. The recommendations for their use depend on the authors and foot associations. In this study, we compared Saint Elian score system, WIfI classification and Texas in 101 patients with foot wounds, and we followed them for a median of 149 days, finding differences both in the assigned risk and in the association with major amputation and wound healing. Saint Elian and WIfI scores match when Saint Elian is low or high risk but not when it is moderate. WIfI stages correlate with major amputation and wound healing. Saint Elian III correlates with major amputation. Prevalence of major amputations was 41% for WIfI 4 and 83% for Saint Elian III. WIfI 1 and 2 and Saint Elian I had a rate of wound healing of 80% to 85%. Stages 1 and 2 of WIfI score behave similar with regard to wound healing, 82% and 80% ( P = .71), and major amputation, 0% and 10% ( P = .68). Stages I and II of Saint Elian have the same rates of major amputation, 0% and 8% ( P = .66), but not of wound healing, 85% and 51% ( P < .05). The optimal cut point for detecting major amputation in Saint Elian is 18, with a sensitivity of 90.9 and specificity of 84.9, but there is no recommended cut point for wound healing. These classifications are validated for their use in diabetic foot wounds and to assess amputation risk, helping physicians make decisions and talk to the patients about prognosis.
Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Risk Factors Among Patients With Wound Infections at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest, Ethiopia
Authors: Shimekaw Masresha , Tigabu Abiye , Tessema Belay
Published: June 2020

Wound infections are associated with morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to assess bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and risk factors among wound infection suspected patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 201 participants at Debre Markos referral hospital from January to May 2019. Sociodemographic data were collected using pre-designed questionnaire and swabs from different types of wounds were collected, and inoculated onto mannitol salt agar, blood and MacConkey agar plate for isolation and identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done using modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. Out of 201 swabs analyzed, 72.6% were culture positive and 10.9% of them had co-infections, and 162 bacterial isolates obtained from 146 swab samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated which accounted for 32.1% of isolates followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 15.4%. The susceptibility patterns of ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ceftriaxone were 77.8%, 69.1%, and 68.5%, respectively. The MDR rate of gram positive and gram negative isolates were 69.7% and 82.3%, respectively. Anatomically located wounds near a site of potential contamination, inadequate management of moisture, exudate or edema, mechanism of wound production, presence of predisposing condition and being urban in residence significantly associated with wound infections. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were the predominant causes of wound infections. Ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and ceftriaxone were the most effective antimicrobials. Periodic surveillance of isolates involved in wound infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility is recommended for effective management of patients.
Discovery of a Selective 6-Hydroxy-1, 4-Diazepan-2-one Containing Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor by Virtual Screening and MM-GBSA Rescoring
Authors: Zhou You , Hu Yanyu , Lu Xin , Yang Hongyu , Li Qihang , Du Chenxi , Chen Yao , Hong Kwon Ho , Sun Haopeng
Published: June 2020

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities through the death of central neuronal cells. In this study, structure-based virtual screens of 2 central nervous system-targeted libraries followed by molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area rescoring were performed to discover novel, selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors, which are one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for the treatments in late-stage AD. Satisfyingly, compound 5 was identified as a highly selective low micromolar inhibitor of BChE (BChE IC50 = 1.4 μM). The binding mode prediction and kinetic analysis were performed to obtain detailed information about compound 5. Besides, a preliminary structure–activity relationship investigation of compound 5 was carried out for further development of the series. The present results provided a valuable chemical template with a novel scaffold for the development of selective BChE inhibitors.
Assessing the Cardiovascular Health Status and Knowledge Level of College Students
Authors: Rekar Sydney L. , Dean Caress A. , Radhakrishnan Swathi , Zhang Diana
Published: June 2020

Background. Statistics show that the cardiovascular health (CVH) of young Michigan residents is problematic, yet little is known about the CVH of Michigan’s college students. This study sought to (1) estimate the prevalence of ideal levels of CVH metrics among college students, (2) assess their CVH knowledge, and (3) examine the association between students’ CVH knowledge level and sociodemographics on their CVH behaviors. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was administered online from August 2017 to April 2018. The survey included questions related to students’ demographic characteristics, CVH behaviors, presence of CVH factors, and knowledge of ideal levels for CVH metrics. The study included 341 Oakland University students aged 20 to 40 years. Descriptive statistics estimated students’ CVH status and knowledge of CVH measures. Generalized ordinal logistic regression analyses examined the association between students’ CVH knowledge level and sociodemographic characteristics on their CVH behaviors. All analyses were performed using STATA MP14. Results. More than 87% of the participants did not have an ideal body mass index level. Students’ CVH knowledge score significantly decreased (odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.67-0.96) with each increase in the number of non-ideal CVH behaviors performed. Conclusions. Michigan college students may benefit from lifestyle interventions that improve their knowledge of CVH and promote ideal CVH behaviors.
Psychosociocultural Contributors to Maladaptive Eating Behaviors in African American Youth: Recommendations and Future Directions
Authors: Hampton-Anderson Joya N. , Craighead Linda W.
Published: June 2020

Childhood overweight and obesity disproportionately affects African Americans, and these children benefit less from standard pediatric weight management treatment programs compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Maladaptive eating behavior has been identified as a behavioral contributor to obesity and is also associated with the development of nonrestrictive eating disorders over time. Unique psychosociocultural factors have been identified that may promote higher risk for maladaptive eating behaviors in African American children beyond the effects of economic disparity. To best treat this group, it is important for practitioners to have a thorough understanding of these factors. We review several of these considerations and describe ways they may interact to contribute to the subsequent development of maladaptive eating behaviors and increased weight. Recommendations are made regarding how attention to these factors could be incorporated into current pediatric weight management treatments to better serve this population via a patient-centered care approach. Future directions will also be discussed.
Coordinated path-following control for networked unmanned surface vehicles
Authors: Chen Dong-Liang , Liu Guo-Ping , Zhang Ru-Bo , Qu Xingru
Published: June 2020

In this article, the coordinated path-following control problem for networked unmanned surface vehicles is investigated. The communication network brings time delays and packet dropouts to the fleet, which will have negative effects on the control performance of the fleet. To attenuate the negative effects, a novel networked predictive control scheme is proposed. By introducing the predictive error into the control scheme, the proposed control strategy admits some advantages compared with existing networked predictive control strategies, for example, a degree of robustness to disturbances, lower requirements for the computing capacity of the onboard processors, high flexibility in controller design, and so on. Conditions that guarantee the control performance of the overall system are derived in the theoretical analysis. At last, experiments on hovercraft test beds are implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
A modified YOLOv3 detection method for vision-based water surface garbage capture robot
Authors: Li Xiali , Tian Manjun , Kong Shihan , Wu Licheng , Yu Junzhi
Published: June 2020

To tackle the water surface pollution problem, a vision-based water surface garbage capture robot has been developed in our lab. In this article, we present a modified you only look once v3-based garbage detection method, allowing real-time and high-precision object detection in dynamic aquatic environments. More specifically, to improve the real-time detection performance, the detection scales of you only look once v3 are simplified from 3 to 2. Besides, to guarantee the accuracy of detection, the anchor boxes of our training data set are reclustered for replacing some of the original you only look once v3 prior anchor boxes that are not appropriate to our data set. By virtue of the proposed detection method, the capture robot has the capability of cleaning floating garbage in the field. Experimental results demonstrate that both detection speed and accuracy of the modified you only look once v3 are better than those of other object detection algorithms. The obtained results provide valuable insight into the high-speed detection and grasping of dynamic objects in complex aquatic environments autonomously and intelligently.
The Multiverse of Methods: Extending the Multiverse Analysis to Address Data-Collection Decisions
Authors: Harder Jenna A.
Published: June 2020

When analyzing data, researchers may have multiple reasonable options for the many decisions they must make about the data—for example, how to code a variable or which participants to exclude. Therefore, there exists a multiverse of possible data sets. A classic multiverse analysis involves performing a given analysis on every potential data set in this multiverse to examine how each data decision affects the results. However, a limitation of the multiverse analysis is that it addresses only data cleaning and analytic decisions, yet researcher decisions that affect results also happen at the data-collection stage. I propose an adaptation of the multiverse method in which the multiverse of data sets is composed of real data sets from studies varying in data-collection methods of interest. I walk through an example analysis applying the approach to 19 studies on shooting decisions to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach and conclude with a further discussion of the limitations and applications of this method.
A Comparison of Two Neurobiological Models of Fear and Anxiety: A “Construct Validity” Application?
Authors: Schaffner Kenneth F.
Published: June 2020

The main focus of this article is on an application of “construct validity,” although it is better thought of as a construct-progressivity assessment (CPA) for reasons developed in the article and related to the concepts of “truth” and “validity” in science. The specific example presented involves the recent LeDoux and Pine two-system model (TSM) and the more traditional fear-center model (FCM), two important constructs in even broader debates in recent fear research. The focal point of the TSM–FCM dispute is arguably the contrasting interpretation of four empirical “findings” that are summarized in a section on findings of this article and then explored later in depth as “empirical arguments.” This notion of an empirical argument is closely related to Kane’s “argument-based” analysis of construct validity. In addition, it is essential to describe and then apply what are called “epistemic values” to the TSM–FCM example. The CPA in the present article ultimately tilts in favor of the TSM and against the FCM, on empirical as well as on more general epistemic-value grounds, with the caveat that any CPA is temporally contingent and may reach a different conclusion later, depending on future instruments and advances.
Recyclable and reusable PdCl2(PPh3)2/PEG-400/H2O system for the hydrophenylation of alkynes with sodium tetraphenylborate
Authors: Liu Rong , Zhang Tingli , Huang Bin , Cai Mingzhong
Published: June 2020

A stable and efficient PdCl2(PPh3)2/PEG-400/H2O catalytic system for the hydrophenylation reaction of alkynes has been developed. In the presence of 3 mol% PdCl2(PPh3)2 and 2 equiv. of HOAc, the hydrophenylation of both terminal and internal alkynes with sodium tetraphenylborate proceeded smoothly in a mixture of PEG-400 and water at room temperature or 50 °C to afford a variety of phenyl-substituted alkenes in moderate to high yields. The isolation of the products was easily performed by extraction with petroleum ether, and the PdCl2(PPh3)2/PEG-400/H2O system could be readily recycled and reused six times without apparent loss of catalytic activity.
Probing the pore structure of hierarchical EU-1 zeolites by adsorption of large molecules and through catalytic reaction
Authors: Guo Zaibin , Hao Wenming , Ma Jinghong , Li Ruifeng
Published: June 2020

The adsorption of toluene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and the catalytic transformation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene are applied as probing approaches to characterize the pore system of hierarchical EU-1 zeolites prepared using organofunctionalized fumed silica as the silicon source. The adsorption and diffusion of toluene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene are significantly improved in the hierarchical EU-1 zeolites compared with the conventional microporous EU-1 zeolite. The adsorption kinetics of toluene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene suggested that introducing mesopores significantly increases the rate of adsorption and improved the diffusion of large molecules. In the catalytic transformation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, the conversion of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene on the hierarchical EU-1 zeolites is doubled compared with the conventional microporous EU-1 zeolite, due to the improved diffusion of bulky molecules and enhanced accessibility of active sites in the hierarchical EU-1 structure. Although isomerization is the main reaction, differences are observed in the product ratios of isomerization to disproportionation between the hierarchical EU-1 zeolites and the microporous counterpart with different times on stream. The transformation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene over the hierarchical EU-1 zeolites has a higher isomerization to disproportionation ratio than that over the microporous EU-1 zeolite; this is due to the increased mesoporosity.
Circulating biomarkers for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Beudeker Boris J. B. , Boonstra Andre
Published: June 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC patients face a dismal prognosis because symptoms usually appear in an advanced stage of disease. The detection of early stage HCC allows for curative surgical treatment and therefore saves lives. Specific non-invasive or diagnostic markers for HCC may represent a valuable tool for detecting these tumors at an early stage. The clinically most established serological biomarker alpha-fetoprotein shows only limited diagnostic performance, however novel candidate biomarkers and biomarker panels for detecting HCC at early stages of development are being studied. In this review we will discuss the findings of these studies.
Mobile communicating place and place-inscribed communicative mobilities: Shaping alternative consumer cultures in mobile media communication
Authors: Xie Zhuoxiao
Published: June 2020

This study aims to update notions of how the practical elements of mobile communication (i.e., microcoordination and synchronization) alter the interconnectedness between places and mobilities. Based on ethnographic research on personal shoppers’ mobile purchasing practices between mainland China and Hong Kong (HK), this article argues that mobile communication, as a social practice, extends relational places in cross-border shopping, on the one hand, and transforms the performances of mobilities that are used to anchor the spatial identities of shoppers and localities for consumption, on the other. Shoppers’ mobile communication practices create variable interactions between mobilities and places, manifested as mobile communicating place and place-inscribed communicative mobilities. The consumer cultures of HK personal shopping are anchored by the multiplicity of places and shifting mobilities of people, data, and objects. Mobile communication in/of HK is a medium through which people from the mainland can consume the symbolic space and “localness” of HK, embodying the “spatial selves” of personal shoppers through digital expressions of mobilities. Shoppers produce place-inscribed communicative mobilities of themselves and of commodities in HK through differing synchronization and coordination patterns in two places (Tsim Sha Tsui and Sheung Shui), based on the fact that the former is an international and local-brand tourist center and the latter has risen as a new “parallel trading hub” for cross-border consumption.
The medial femoral condyle free flap: An excellent option for difficult cases: case series
Authors: Quintero Jorge I , Childs Dylan , Moreno Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

The use of the medial femoral condyle free flap is a versatile option for the treatment of upper extremity non unions and reconstructive procedures associated with bone loss or osteonecrosis. The benefit of this type of flap is the viability of the bone which favors primary ossification and increases bone density. Vascularized free bone flaps are especially useful for the treatment of recalcitrant nonunions, or nonunions that have failed three or more treatments to obtain consolidation. We present a case series of three patients treated with medial femoral condyle free flap for reconstruction of the upper extremity of different etiologies at the level of the distal humerus, distal radius and distal phalanx of the thumb.
A case study of three patients with mucopolysaccharidoses in Hue Central Hospital
Authors: Kiem Hao Tran , Diem Chi Nguyen Thi , Hong Duc Nguyen Thi , Kim Hoa Nguyen Thi
Published: June 2020

Mucopolysaccharidosis is a group of rare metabolic disorders characterized by a deficiency of enzymes in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. The incomplete degradation process leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes of various tissues, which interferes with cell function. We report three cases that were classified as Hurler—Mucopolysaccharidosis I, Morquio—Mucopolysaccharidosis IV A, and Maroteaux–Lamy—Mucopolysaccharidosis VI. Clinical presentations of these cases vary, depending on each type of enzyme defect. All the patients appeared healthy at birth, and symptoms appear at around 1 or 2 years. Clinical features, radiological findings, and especially enzyme assays have allowed us to establish a definitive diagnosis in these cases. These cases highlight that abnormal clinical symptoms, such as growth failure, coarse facial features, and joint problems, are key points for further investigation relating to mucopolysaccharidosis disease. However, in low- and middle-income countries, it is difficult to have a definitive diagnosis of one of the mucopolysaccharidoses due to lacking enzyme assays.
Tiered Governance and Demonetization: The Shifting Terms of Labor and Compensation in the Platform Economy
Authors: Caplan Robyn , Gillespie Tarleton
Published: June 2020

Social media platforms have profoundly transformed cultural production, in part by restructuring the terms by which culture is distributed and paid for. In this article, we examine the YouTube Partner Program and the controversies around the “demonetization” of videos, to understand these arrangements and what happens when they shift beneath creators’ feet. We use the testimony of YouTubers, provided in their own videos, to understand how creators square the contradiction between YouTube’s increasingly cautious rules regarding “advertiser-friendly” content, its shifting financial and algorithmic incentive structure, and its stated values as an open platform of expression. We examine YouTube’s tiered governance strategy, in which different users are offered different sets of rules, different material resources, and different procedural protections when content is demonetized. And we examine how, especially when the details of that tiered governance are ambiguous or poorly conveyed, creators develop their own theories for why their content has been demonetized—which can provide some creators a tactical opportunity to advance politically motivated accusations of bias against the platform.