bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiphase Symbiotic Engineered Elastic Ceramic‐Carbon Aerogels with Advanced Thermal Protection in Extreme Oxidative Environments
Authors: Chang Xinyi , Yang Yunfei , Cheng Xiaota , Yin Xia , Yu Jianyong , Liu Yi‐Tao , Ding Bin
Published: June 2024

Elastic aerogels can dissipate aerodynamic forces and thermal stresses by reversible slipping or deforming to avoid sudden failure caused by stress concentration, making them the most promising candidates for thermal protection in aerospace applications. However, existing elastic aerogels face difficulties achieving reliable protection above 1500 °C in aerobic environments due to their poor thermomechanical stability and significantly increased thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures. Here, a multiphase sequence and multiscale structural engineering strategy is proposed to synthesize mullite‐carbon hybrid nanofibrous aerogels. The heterogeneous symbiotic effect between components simultaneously inhibits ceramic crystalline coarsening and carbon thermal etching, thus ensuring the thermal stability of the nanofiber building blocks. Efficient load transfer and high interfacial thermal resistance at crystalline‐amorphous phase boundaries on the microscopic scale, coupled with mesoscale lamellar cellular and locally closed‐pore structures, achieve rapid stress dissipation and thermal energy attenuation in aerogels. This robust thermal protection material system is compatible with ultralight density (30 mg cm–3), reversible compression strain of 60%, extraordinary thermomechanical stability (up to 1600 °C in oxidative environments), and ultralow thermal conductivity (50.58 mW m–1 K–1 at 300 °C), offering new options and possibilities to cope with the harsh operating environments faced by space exploration.
Temporal Patterns of Angular Displacement of Endosomes: Insights into Motor Protein Exchange Dynamics
Authors: Jin Siwoo , Ahn Yongdeok , Park Jiseong , Park Minsoo , Lee Sang‐Chul , Lee Wonhee J. , Seo Daeha
Published: June 2024

The material transport system, facilitated by motor proteins, plays a vital role in maintaining a non‐equilibrium cellular state. However, understanding the temporal coordination of motor protein activity requires an advanced imaging technique capable of measuring 3D angular displacement in real‐time. In this study, a Fourier transform‐based plasmonic dark‐field microscope has been developed using anisotropic nanoparticles, enabling the prolonged and simultaneous observation of endosomal lateral and rotational motion. A sequence of discontinuous 3D angular displacements has been observed during the pause and run phases of transport. Notably, a serially correlated temporal pattern in the intermittent rotational events has been demonstrated during the tug‐of‐war mechanism, indicating Markovian switching between the exploitational and explorational modes of motor protein exchange prior to resuming movement. Alterations in transition frequency and the exploitation‐to‐exploration ratio upon dynein inhibitor treatment highlight the relationship between disrupted motor coordination and reduced endosomal transport efficiency. Collectively, these results suggest the importance of orchestrated temporal motor protein patterns for efficient cellular transport.
Photoprogrammed Multifunctional Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistor Arrays Based on Photosensitive Polymer‐Sorted Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Image Recognition
Authors: Sui Nianzi , Ji Yixi , Li Min , Zheng Fanyuan , Shao Shuangshuang , Li Jiaqi , Liu Zhaoxin , Wu Jinjian , Zhao Jianwen , Li Lain‐Jong
Published: June 2024

The development of neuromorphic optoelectronic systems opens up the possibility of the next generation of artificial vision. In this work, the novel broadband (from 365 to 940 nm) and multilevel storage optoelectronic synaptic thin‐film transistor (TFT) arrays are reported using the photosensitive conjugated polymer (poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorenyl‐2,7‐diyl)‐co‐(bithiophene)], F8T2) sorted semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) as channel materials. The broadband synaptic responses are inherited to absorption from both photosensitive F8T2 and sorted sc‐SWCNTs, and the excellent optoelectronic synaptic behaviors with 200 linearly increasing conductance states and long retention time > 103 s are attributed to the superior charge trapping at the AlOx dielectric layer grown by atomic layer deposition. Furthermore, the synaptic TFTs can achieve IOn/IOff ratios up to 106 and optoelectronic synaptic plasticity with the low power consumption (59 aJ per single pulse), which can simulate not only basic biological synaptic functions but also optical write and electrical erase, multilevel storage, and image recognition. Further, a novel Spiking Neural Network algorithm based on hardware characteristics is designed for the recognition task of Caltech 101 dataset and multiple features of the images are successfully extracted with higher accuracy (97.92%) of the recognition task from the multi‐frequency curves of the optoelectronic synaptic devices.
Lattice Strain Engineering on Metal‐Organic Frameworks by Ligand Doping to Boost the Electrocatalytic Biomass Valorization
Authors: Bai Wenjing , Wang Xuan , Xu Jianing , Liu Yongzhuang , Lou Yuhan , Sun Xinyue , Zhou Ao , Li Hao , Fu Gengtao , Dou Shuo , Yu Haipeng
Published: June 2024

As an efficient and environmental‐friendly strategy, electrocatalytic oxidation can realize biomass lignin valorization by cleaving its aryl ether bonds to produce value‐added chemicals. However, the complex and polymerized structure of lignin presents challenges in terms of reactant adsorption on the catalyst surface, which hinders further refinement. Herein, NiCo‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are employed as the electrocatalyst to enhance the adsorption of reactant molecules through π‐π interaction. More importantly, lattice strain is introduced into the MOFs via curved ligand doping, which enables tuning of the d‐band center of metal active sites to align with the reaction intermediates, leading to stronger adsorption and higher electrocatalytic activity toward bond cleavage within lignin model compounds and native lignin. When 2′‐phenoxyacetophenone is utilized as the model compound, high yields of phenol (76.3%) and acetophenone (21.7%) are achieved, and the conversion rate of the reactants reaches 97%. Following pre‐oxidation of extracted poplar lignin, >10 kinds of phenolic compounds are received using the as‐designed MOFs electrocatalyst, providing ≈12.48% of the monomer, including guaiacol, vanillin, eugenol, etc., and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid dominates all the products. This work presents a promising and deliberately designed electrocatalyst for realizing lignin valorization, making significant strides for the sustainability of this biomass resource.
Multicenter appraisal of comorbid TANGO2 deficiency disorder in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Owlett Laura D. , Zapanta Bianca , Sandkuhler Sarah E. , Ames Elizabeth G. , Hickey Scott E. , Mackenzie Samuel J. , Meisner Joshua K.
Published: June 2024

TANGO2 deficiency disorder (TDD) is a rare, autosomal recessive condition caused by pathogenic variants in TANGO2, a gene residing within the region commonly deleted in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Although patients with 22q11.2DS are at substantially higher risk for comorbid TDD, it remains underdiagnosed within 22q11.2DS, likely due to overlapping symptomatology and a lack of knowledge about TDD. Initiation of B‐vitamin supplementation may provide therapeutic benefit in TDD, highlighting the need for effective screening methods to improve diagnosis rates in this at‐risk group. In this retrospective, multicenter study, we evaluated two cohorts of patients with 22q11.2DS (total N = 435) for possible comorbid TDD using two different symptom‐based screening methods (free text‐mining and manual chart review versus manual chart review alone). The methodology of the cohort 1 screening method successfully identified a known 22q11.2DS patient with TDD. Combined, these two cohorts identified 21 living patients meeting the consensus recommendation for TANGO2 testing for suspected comorbid TDD. Of the nine patients undergoing TANGO2 sequencing with del/dup analysis, none were ultimately diagnosed with TDD. Of the 12 deaths in the suspected comorbid TDD cohort, some of these patients exhibited symptoms (rhabdomyolysis, cardiac arrhythmia, or metabolic crisis) suspicious of comorbid TDD contributing to their death. Collectively, these findings highlight the need for robust prospective screening tools for diagnosing comorbid TDD in patients with 22q11.2DS.
Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of New Indole Scaffolds
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meher Punam , Das Parijat , Bandi Vijayalakshmi , Bhaumik Prasenjit
Published: June 2024

A convenient and straightforward approach for the construction of angular and linear indole scaffolds from commercially available β‐tetralones through a sequential methylation/ allylation/ propargylation followed by ring closing metathesis (RCM)/ [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization and Fischer indolization (FI) sequence has been described. The dipropargyl derivatives were further investigated for Sonogashira cross‐coupling with iodo‐benzene and click chemistry with benzyle azide to synthesize diverse indole motifs. The [2+2+2] cyclotrimerized products were treated with 3,5‐dimethyl aniline to obtain the product that resembles the structure of Alectinib, an FDA approved drug for the treatment of cancer. The approach provides a series of indole derivatives in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group tolerance and hence these compounds are utilized for molecular docking studies which shows good results. All the compounds synthesized here are well characterized by NMR and HRMS data.
Strontium isotopes track female dispersal in Taï chimpanzees
Authors: Boucher Renee D. , Wittig Roman M. , Lemoine Sylvain R. T. , Maro Aleksey , Wang Xueye , Koch Paul L. , Oelze Vicky M.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are patrilocal, with males remaining in their natal community and females dispersing when they reach sexual maturity. However, the details of female chimpanzee dispersal, such as their possible origin, are difficult to assess, even in habituated communities. This study investigates the utility of 87Sr/86Sr analysis for (1) assessing Sr baseline differences between chimpanzee territories and (2) identifying the status (immigrant or natal) of females of unknown origin within the territories of five neighboring communities in Taï National Park (Côte d'Ivoire).

Materials and Methods

To create a local Sr isoscape for the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) study area, we sampled environmental samples from TCP‐established territories (n = 35). To assess dispersal patterns, 34 tooth enamel samples (one per individual) were selected from the Taï chimpanzee skeletal collection. 87Sr/86Sr analysis was performed on all 69 samples at the W.M. Keck Lab. The theoretical density and overlap of chimpanzee communities as well as generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to test each question.

Results

87Sr/86Sr ratios for natal male chimpanzees ranged from 0.71662 to 0.72187, which is well within the corresponding environmental baseline range of 0.70774–0.73460. The local Sr isoscapes fit was estimated with the root‐mean‐square error value, which was 0.0048 (22% of the whole 87Sr/86Sr data range). GLMMs identified significant differences in 87Sr/86Sr ratios between natal and unknown North community origin groups, suggesting that after 1980, females of unknown origin could be immigrants to North community (n = 7, z‐ratio = −4.08, p = 0.0001, power = 0.94).

Discussion

This study indicates that 87Sr/86This study indicates that 87Sr/86Sr analysis can successfully identify immigrant females in skeletal collections obtained from wild chimpanzee communities, enabling the tracking of female dispersal patterns historically. There are, however, significant limitations within the scope of this study, such as (1) the absence of reliable maps for the TCP study area, (2) limited capacity for environmental sampling, (3) small sample sizes, and (4) tooth formation in wild chimpanzees.
Unveiling Highly Sensitive Active Site in Atomically Dispersed Gold Catalysts for Enhanced Ethanol Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yang Ji , Zheng Juan , Dun Chaochao , Falling Lorenz J. , Zheng Qi , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Zhang Miao , Jaegers Nicholas R. , Asokan Chithra , Guo Jinghua , Salmeron Miquel , Prendergast David , Urban Jeffrey J. , Somorjai Gabor A. , Guo Yanbing , Su Ji
Published: June 2024

Developing a desirable ethanol dehydrogenation process necessitates a highly efficient and selective catalyst with low cost. Herein, we show that the “complex active site” consisting of atomically dispersed Au atoms with the neighboring oxygen vacancies (Vo) and undercoordinated cation on oxide supports can be prepared and display unique catalytic properties for ethanol dehydrogenation. The “complex active site” Au−Vo−Zr3+ on Au1/ZrO2 exhibits the highest H2 production rate, with above 37,964 mol H2 per mol Au per hour (385 g H2 
 h−1) at 350 °C, which is 3.32, 2.94 and 15.0 times higher than Au1/CeO2, Au1/TiO2, and Au1/Al2O3, respectively. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, we demonstrate the structural sensitivity of these complex sites by assessing their selectivity and activity in ethanol dehydrogenation. Our study sheds new light on the design and development of cost‐effective and highly efficient catalysts for ethanol dehydrogenation. Fundamentally, atomic‐level catalyst design by colocalizing catalytically active metal atoms forming a structure‐sensitive “complex site”, is a crucial way to advance from heterogeneous catalysis to molecular catalysis. Our study advanced the understanding of the structure sensitivity of the active site in atomically dispersed catalysts.
Construction of Benzoxazine‐linked One‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks Using the Mannich Reaction
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Liu Yikuan , Sheng Guan , Jiang Xinru , Kang Xing , Jiang Chao , Liu Yan , Zhu Yihan , Cui Yong
Published: June 2024

Covalent polymerization of organic molecules into crystalline one‐dimensional (1D) polymers is effective for achieving desired thermal, optical, and electrical properties, yet it remains a persistent synthetic challenge for their inherent tendency to adopt amorphous or semicrystalline phases. Here we report a strategy to synthesize crystalline 1D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composing quasi‐conjugated chains with benzoxazine linkages via the one‐pot Mannich reaction. Through [4+2] and [2+2] type Mannich condensation reactions, we fabricated stoichiometric and sub‐stoichiometric 1D covalent polymeric chains, respectively, using doubly and singly linked benzoxazine rings. The validity of their crystal structures has been directly visualized through state‐of‐the‐art cryogenic low‐dose electron microscopy techniques. Post‐synthetic functionalizations of them with a chiral MacMillan catalyst produce crystalline organic photocatalysts that demonstrated excellent catalytic and recyclable performance in light‐driven asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes, affording up to 94 % enantiomeric excess
Aluminum in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
Authors: Krämer Felix
Published: June 2024

This review article describes the development of the use of aluminum compounds in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) over the last 14 years. It also discusses the synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications of intermolecular, intramolecular and so‐called hidden FLPs with phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon Lewis bases. The intrinsically higher acidity of aluminum compounds compared to their boron analogs opens up different reaction pathways. The results are presented in a more or less chronological order. It is shown that Al FLPs react with a variety of polar and non‐polar substrates and form both stable adducts and reversibly activate bonds. Consequently, some catalytic applications of the title compounds were presented such as dimerization of alkynes, hydrogenation of tert‐butyl ethylene and imines, C−F bond activation, reduction of CO2, dehydrogenation of amine borane and transfer of ammonia. In addition, various Al FLPs were used as initiators in polymerization reactions.
Catalyst‐Free Dynamic Covalent C=C/C=N Metathesis Reaction for Associative Covalent Adaptable Networks
Authors: Li Pengyun , Jiang Xin , Gu Ruirui , Tian He , Qu Da‐Hui
Published: June 2024

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs), leveraging the dynamic exchange of covalent bonds, emerge as a promising material to address the challenge of irreversible cross‐linking in thermosetting polymers. In this work, we explore the introduction of a catalyst‐free and associative C=C/C=N metathesis reaction into thermosetting polyurethanes, creating CANs with superior stability, solvent resistance, and thermal/mechanical properties. By incorporating this dynamic exchange reaction, stress‐relaxation is significantly accelerated compared to imine‐bond‐only networks, with the rate adjustable by modifying substituents in the ortho position of the dynamic double bonds. The obtained plasticity enables recycle without altering the chemical structure or mechanical properties, and is also found to be vital for achieving shape memory functions with complex spatial structures. This metathesis reaction as a new dynamic crosslinker of polymer networks has the potential to accelerate the ongoing exploration of malleable and functional thermoset polymers.
Synthesis of All‐Benzene Multi‐Macrocyclic Nanocarbons by Post‐Functionalization of meta‐Cycloparaphenylenes
Authors: Gao Jia‐Nan , Bu An , Chen Yiming , Huang Mianling , Chen Zhi , Li Xiaopeng , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu , Cong Huan
Published: June 2024

Expanding the diversity of multi‐macrocyclic nanocarbons, particularly those with all‐benzene scaffolds, represents intriguing yet challenging synthetic tasks. Complementary to the existing synthetic approaches, here we report an efficient and modular post‐functionalization strategy that employs iridium‐catalyzed C−H borylation of the highly strained meta‐cycloparaphenylenes (mCPPs) and an mCPP‐derived catenane. Based on the functionalized macrocyclic synthons, a number of novel all‐benzene topological structures including linear and cyclic chains, polycatenane, and pretzelane have been successfully prepared and characterized, thereby showcasing the synthetic utility and potential of the post‐functionalization strategy.
Long‐term tracking reveals the influence of body size and habitat type on the home range of Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)
Authors: Normande Iran C. , Borges João Carlos G. , Attademo Fernanda L.N. , Deeks Emma , dos Santos Sebastião S. , Negrão Cristine P. , Silva Flávio José L. , Queiroz Nuno , Ladle Richard J. , Luna Fabia O. , Santos Robson G.
Published: June 2024

Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) are endangered coastal, marine, and riverine megaherbivores with high environmental plasticity, constrained by tidal and seasonal water level cycles that affect access to food and fresh water. Accurate quantification of the species' habitat requirements, typically achieved through home range (HR) estimation, is required to implement area‐based conservation initiatives. In this study, we used GPS tracking data from 38 wild and captive‐rehabilitated released manatees to estimate HR using autocorrelated kernel density estimators (AKDE) and average time speed. We investigated whether body size, habitat type, sex and behavioural group influence home range size due to energy requirements, resources availability, a scramble‐competitive polygyny mating system, and adaptation to the wild. Eighteen manatees exhibited range‐resident behaviour, with a mean 95% home range of 72.96 km2 (± 218.52) and a median of 10.69 km2. The mean daily speed was estimated to be 13.47 km/day (± 4.16). Home range and body size were positively correlated, consistent with HR allometry theory. Long‐term tracked individuals showed a trend of increasing HR over time. Only four released animals (17.4%) were range‐resident, suggesting that they may need additional time to establish a home range. Individuals using only the marine environment had larger home ranges compared to mixed (marine and estuarine) and estuarine environments, probably due to freshwater availability. Our study contributes to the understanding of the factors driving manatee movement and provides more accurate estimates of area requirements, which can inform the establishment and zoning of marine protected areas.
Evidence of the Electrochemical Ca2+ Intercalation in Anatase Nanotubes
Authors: Ceppetelli Andrea , Busato Matteo , Dilena Gabriele , Cavallo Carmen , Navarra Maria Assunta , D'Angelo Paola , Silvestri Laura , Reale Priscilla , Santoni Antonino , Stievano Lorenzo , Brutti Sergio
Published: June 2024

Here, we demonstrate the electrochemical intercalation of Ca2+ ions within the lattice of anatase nanotubes (a‐NTs) synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of TiO2/NaOH precursors followed by Na+/H+ ion exchange and H2O‐loss at high temperature in air. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of nanosized anatase, whereas transmission electron microscopy highlights the formation of nanotubular morphologies with an average diameter of 10 nm. TiO2 electrodes are able to deliver reversible specific capacities in aprotic batteries vs. calcium metal or in hybrid configurations vs. capacitive activated carbon using aprotic electrolytes (i. e., Ca(BH4)2 in tetrahydrofuran or Ca(TFSI)2 in dimethoxyethane, respectively). The electrochemical intercalation of Ca2+ ions into the anatase lattice is confirmed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in close comparison with Na+ and Li+ intercalations. Ca2+ incorporation leads to the partial amorphization of the TiO2 lattice despite the limited Ca/Ti ratio (i. e., 0.09) obtained in discharge. The analysis of the extended X‐ray absorption fine structure region allows the determination of the local structure of the incorporated Ca2+ ions and confirms that a disordered environment is obtained after the electrochemical reaction.
Nucleation Mechanisms of Electrodeposited Magnesium on Metal Substrates
Authors: Löw Mario , Maroni Fabio , Zaubitzer Steve , Dongmo Saustin , Marinaro Mario
Published: June 2024

Magnesium rechargeable batteries (RMBs) are a promising alternative to lithium‐based ones. However, a major challenge in their advance concerns the development of aprotic electrolytes from which magnesium can be electrodeposited with high efficiency and without the formation of dendrites. Of note, the mechanism of the magnesium electrodeposition from aprotic electrolytes remains largely unexplored. In this study, we propose a combined experimental and theoretical approach based on the Scharifker‐Hills (S−H) mathematical model for the potentiostatic transients to analyse the nucleation and growth of magnesium during electrodeposition in order to shed light on the nucleation process and increase battery safety and cycle lifetime. The model is used to investigate the electrodeposition of magnesium from a Magnesocene (MgCp2)‐based electrolyte onto metal current substrates such as copper, nickel, aluminium and stainless steel.
Understanding the impact of artificial intelligence on the justice of charitable giving: The moderating role of trust and regulatory orientation
Authors: Yang Chen , Yang Yi , Zhang Yuezi
Published: June 2024

The issue of distributive justice in charitable donations has become increasingly prominent. It not only weakens people's confidence in philanthropy but also their enthusiasm for participation. With the widespread use of artificial intelligence technology in donations, a key question arises: Can artificial intelligence inspire people to be more willing to donate by improving their perception of justice in donation distribution? This question is vital for charities but has yet to be answered. To address this gap, this research conducted five comprehensive studies to investigate the impact of AI decision‐makers on consumers' willingness to donate. The findings of Studies 1 and 2 consistently revealed that consumers perceive higher distributive justice in AI decision‐makers compared with humans, motivating increased participation in charitable donations. Study 3 examined two different experimental scenarios and found that this effect only occurs among consumers with lower trust in nonprofit organizations. Study 4 further explored the effect that is only present among prevention‐oriented consumers. These findings reveal how perceptions of distributive justice toward AI decision‐makers can facilitate public charitable giving and highlight the significance of this effect across different groups of consumers, providing invaluable insights for charitable organizations. This research not only fills the theoretical gap in the philanthropic field about the impact of artificial intelligence decision‐makers on donation distribution justice but also provides charitable organizations with artificial intelligence‐based donation promotion strategies.
Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of the Methanolic Extracts of Cirsium Monspessulanum (L.) Hill.
Authors: Kozyra Małgorzata , Biernasiuk Anna , Gryta Elżbieta , Kozyra Paweł , Malm Anna
Published: June 2024

The study of new plant species and the identification of their chemical composition may contribute to the discovery of a new breakthrough substances for pharmacotherapeutical applications. For the first time, we examined antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 70 % v/v methanolic extracts from inflorescences and roots of Cirsium monspessulanum (L.) Hill. obtained by the ASE method. In the (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) DPPH analysis, tested extract of inflorescences showed antioxidant activity with an EC50=0.223±0.0479 mg/mL, and (Cupric Ion Reducting Antioxidant Capacity) CUPRAC test assessed the antiradical activity on 14.95±0.13 mgTE/g and for roots the values were EC50=0.307±0.0554 mg/mL and 11.18±0.49 mgTE/g, respectively. Furthermore, extract from the inflorescences possessed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus with MIC=1.25 mg/mL for each. HPLC/ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS method identified 7 phenolic acids and 14 flavonoids in inflorescences extract and only 7 phenolic acids in roots extract. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first qualitative analysis of Cirsium monspessulanum (L.) Hill. and all substances were described for the first time.
Recent Advances in DNA Nanotechnology‐Based Sensing Platforms for Rapid Virus Detection
Authors: Dong Yuxiang , Guo Cheng , Wang Jialing , Ye Changqing , Min Qianhao
Published: June 2024

Several major viral pandemics in history have significantly impacted the public health of human beings. The COVID‐19 pandemic has further underscored the critical need for early detection and screening of infected individuals. However, current detection techniques are confronted with deficiencies in sensitivity and accuracy, restricting the capability of detecting trace amounts of viruses in human bodies and in the environments. The advent of DNA nanotechnology has opened up a feasible solution for rapid and sensitive virus determination. By harnessing the designability and addressability of DNA nanostructures, a range of rapid virus sensing platforms have been proposed. This review overviewed the recent progress, application, and prospect of DNA nanotechnology‐based rapid virus detection platforms. Furthermore, the challenges and developmental prospects in this field were discussed.
Prognostic impact of vasopressor test in transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair of secondary mitral regurgitation: The PETIT study
Authors: González‐Gutiérrez José Carlos , Benito‐González Tomas , Bosa‐Ojeda Francisco , Freixa‐Rofastes Xavier , Estevez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Pascual Isaac , Andraka‐Ikazuriaga Leire , Díez‐Gil José Luis , Urbano‐Carrillo Cristobal , Amat‐Santos Ignacio J.
Published: June 2024

Background

Vasopressor test (VPT) might be useful in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (MR) and left ventricular dysfunction (MITRA‐FR‐like patients) during transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair (TEER).

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of VPT.

Methods

MR treated with TEER were included in a multicenter prospective registry. VPT was used intraprocedurally in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and/or hypotension. The 1‐year echocardiographic and clinical outcomes were compared according to the use of VPT. The primary endpoint was a combination of mortality + heart failure (HF) readmission at 1‐year.

Results

A total of 1115 patients were included, mean age was 72.8 ± 10.5 years and 30.4% were women. VPT was performed in 128 subjects (11.5%), more often in critically ill patients with biventricular dysfunction. Postprocedurally the VPT group had greater rate of MR ≥ 2+ (46.9% vs. 31.7%, p = 0.003) despite greater number of devices (≥2 clips, 52% vs. 40.6 p = 0.008) and device repositioning or new clip in 12.5%. At 1‐year, the primary endpoint occurred more often in the VPT group (27.3% vs. 16.9%, p = 0.002) as well as all‐cause mortality (21.9% vs. 8.1%, p ≤ 0.001) but no differences existed in HF readmission rate (14.8% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.610), cardiovascular mortality (4.4% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.713) or residual MR ≥ 2+ (51.1% vs 51.7%, p = 0.371).

Conclusions

Dynamic evaluation of MR during TEER procedure through VPT was performed in patients with worse baseline risk who also presented higher all‐cause mortality at 1‐year follow‐up. However, 1‐year residual MR, cardiovascular mortality and HF readmission rate remained comparable suggesting that VPT might help in the management of MITRA‐FR‐like patients.
Hydrogenation with Dissolved Pt‐Complexes Homogenously Distributed in the Ionic Liquid or Enriched at the Gas/Ionic Liquid Interface
Authors: Antara Sharmin Khan , Hemmeter Daniel , Zhai Ziwen , Kremitzl Daniel , Maier Florian , Koller Thomas M. , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Haumann Marco
Published: June 2024

The use of homogeneous catalysts dissolved in ionic liquids (ILs) is an established field of research. Thin IL films containing dissolved catalyst complexes can be immobilized on solid porous supports, thereby creating a heterogenized catalyst material. Aiming at the deliberate positioning of such supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst, we carried out investigations of two very similar Pt‐complexes: depending on the ligand periphery, the first one is homogeneously dissolved in the IL while the second one strongly enriches at the gas/IL interface. To study these different locations within thick IL films of approximately 1 mm thickness, we investigated the hydrogenation of ethene in a continuous pool‐reactor setup. The two complexes dissolved in the IL [C4C1Im][PF6] showed different activity which can be attributed to their different locations. At 313 K and 0.62 MPa total pressure, the surface‐enriched complex was approximately two times more active. However, under these conditions the formation of Pt particles could be observed, with the surface‐enriched complex exhibiting a stronger tendency for particle formation compared to the one homogeneously distributed in the IL, as derived from XPS and light‐scattering measurements.
Elucidating the Mechanism of Efficient Eu(III) and Yb(III) Sensitisation from a Re(I) Tetrazolato Triangular Assembly
Authors: Wright Phillip J. , Pfrunder Michael C. , Etchells Isaac M. , Haghighatbin Mohammad A. , Raiteri Paolo , Ogden Mark I. , Stagni Stefano , Hogan Conor F. , Cameron Lee J. , Moore Evan G. , Massi Massimiliano
Published: June 2024

The reaction of Re(CO)5Br with deprotonated 1H‐(5‐(2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine)pyrid‐2‐yl)tetrazole yields a triangular assembly formed by tricarbonyl Re(I) vertices. Photophysical measurements reveal blue‐green emission with a maximum at 520 nm, 32 % quantum yield, and 2430 ns long‐lived excited state decay lifetime in deaerated dichloromethane solution. Coordination of lanthanoid ions to the terpyridine units red‐shifts the emission to 570 nm and also reveals efficient (90 %) and fast sensitisation of both Eu(III) and Yb(III) at room temperature, with a similar rate constant kET on the order of 107 s−1. Efficient sensitisation of Eu(III) from Re(I) is unprecedented, especially when considering the close proximity in energy between the donor and acceptor excited states. On the other hand, comparative measurements at 77 K reveal that energy transfer to Yb(III) is two orders of magnitude slower than that to Eu(III). A two‐step mechanism of sensitisation is therefore proposed, whereby the rate‐determining step is a thermally activated energy transfer step between the Re(I) centre and the terpyridine functionality, followed by rapid energy transfer to the respective Ln(III) excited states. At 77 K, the direct Re(I) to Eu(III) energy transfer seems to proceed via a ligand‐mediated superexchange Dexter‐type mechanism.
Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Xanthate Esters with Sulfur‐Containing and Selenium‐Containing Compounds: Synthesis of Unsymmetric Sulfides and Selenides
Authors: Han Jia‐Hui , Sheng Daopeng , Chen Yi‐Rong , Shuai Xiao‐Yue , Rao Weidong , Shen Shu‐Su , Wang Shun‐Yi
Published: June 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Unsymmetric sulfides and selenides have great applications in the pharmaceutical field. Herein, we describe the reductive coupling reaction of xanthate esters with sulfur‐containing and selenium‐containing compounds (thio(seleno)sulfonates and disulfides(selenides)) under the nickel‐catalyzed condition. It provides a mild and effective method for the synthesis of unsymmetric sulfides and selenides which has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high yields and a wide range of substrates.
Nickel and Molybdenum Composites Decorated Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalysts from Spent Coffee Grounds for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ge Xianlong , Zhang Chuan , Meng Minfeng , Song Yankai , Hu Shaohua , Gu Yingying
Published: June 2024

Biomass‐derived materials can help develop efficient, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective catalysts, thereby improving the sustainability of hydrogen production. Herein, we propose a simple method to produce nickel and molybdenum composites decorated spent coffee grounds (SCG) as an efficient catalyst, SCG(200)@NiMo, for electrocatalytic hydrogen production. The porous carbon supporter derived form SCG provided a larger surface, prevented aggregation during the high temperature pyrolysis, optimized the electronic structure by N and provided a reducing atmosphere for the oxides reduction to form heterojunctions. The sieved SCG showed obvious improvement of HER performance and enhanced conductivity and long‐term durability. The obtained SCG(200)@NiMo exhibits the highest electrochemical performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction process, as evidenced by the overpotential of only 127 mV at a current density of ɳ10 and 97.7 % catalytic activity retention even after 12 h of operation. This work may stimulate further exploration of efficient electrocatalysts derived from biomass.
Process improvement in thyroid fine needle aspiration: Standardizing number of smears for enhanced adequacy and diagnosis
Authors: Morse Patrick , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Spies Nicholas C. , Padmanabhan Vijayalakshmi
Published: June 2024

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe, cost‐effective diagnostic procedure used in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The number of thyroid FNAs has dramatically increased over the past few years. In the absence of standardized procedures regarding the number of needle passes needed for diagnosis and the lack of clarity on the use of conventional smears (CS) versus liquid‐based preparations (LBP), the demand of thyroid FNAs has led to increased workload on cytology laboratories, which can negatively affect patient safety. We implemented a standardized two needle passes for CS and collection of all needle rinses and additional pass material in CytoRich Red for ThinPrep LBP and compared the non‐diagnostic and diagnostic rates before and after this intervention. There were 290 pre‐intervention cases and 348 post‐intervention cases; of which, there were 17 (5.9%) non‐diagnostic cases of the pre‐intervention group and 27 (7.8) non‐diagnostic cases of the post‐intervention group. There was no statistically significant difference in non‐diagnostic and diagnostic rates before and after the change (p = 0.347 by two‐tailed Z test).
Field agrochemical exposure impacts locomotor activity in wild bumblebees
Authors: Strang Caroline G. , Rondeau Sabrina , Baert Nicolas , McArt Scott H. , Raine Nigel E. , Muth Felicity
Published: June 2024

Agricultural intensification has been identified as one of the key causes of global insect biodiversity losses. These losses have been further linked to the widespread use of agrochemicals associated with modern agricultural practices. Many of these chemicals are known to have negative sublethal effects on commercial pollinators, such as managed honeybees and bumblebees, but less is known about the impacts on wild bees. Laboratory‐based studies with commercial pollinators have consistently shown that pesticide exposure can impact bee behavior, with cascading effects on foraging performance, reproductive success, and pollination services. However, these studies typically assess only one chemical, neglecting the complexity of real‐world exposure to multiple agrochemicals and other stressors. In the summer of 2020, we collected wild‐foraging workers of the common eastern bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, from five squash (Cucurbita) agricultural sites (organic and conventional farms), selected to represent a range of agrochemical, including neonicotinoid insecticide, use. For each bee, we measured two behaviors relevant to foraging success and previously shown to be impacted by pesticide exposure: sucrose responsiveness and locomotor activity. Following behavioral testing, we used liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) chemical analysis to detect and quantify the presence of 92 agrochemicals in each bumblebee. Bees collected from our sites did not vary in pesticide exposure as expected. While we found a limited occurrence of neonicotinoids, two fungicides (azoxystrobin and difenoconazole) were detected at all sites, and the pesticide synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was present in all 123 bees. We found that bumblebees that contained higher levels of PBO were less active, and this effect was stronger for larger bumblebee workers. While PBO is unlikely to be the direct cause of the reduction in bee activity, it could be an indicator of exposure to pyrethroids and/or other insecticides that we were unable to directly quantify, but which PBO is frequently tank‐mixed with during pesticide applications on crops. We did not find a relationship between agrochemical exposure and bumblebee sucrose responsiveness. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a sublethal behavioral impact of agrochemical exposure on wild‐foraging bees.
Theoretical Mechanism Study of BH3‐Mediated Reduction of P‐Stereogenic Hydroxyalkylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Mattalia Jean‐Marc , Javierre Guilhem , Fortrie Rémy , Buono Gérard , Nava Paola , Hérault Damien
Published: June 2024

The BH3‐mediated reduction of P‐stereogenic hydroxyalkylphosphine oxides was investigated by Density Functional Theory calculations. By combining theoretical approaches with experimental observations, we explored two mechanisms that account for its stereospecificity, implying an inversion of the configuration at the phosphorus atom. One mechanism proceeds through a cyclic intermediate in which the coordination of borane to the oxygen atoms lowers the BH3.THF‐attack barrier. However, the free energy barrier for this combined process is too high for a reaction feasible at room temperature. The calculations rather support a second mechanism that proceeds through from the same cyclic intermediate and the in‐situ formation of BH4− as reducing agent.
Base‐Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐1‐one and Benzo[b][1,6]Naphthyridin‐1(2H)‐One Derivatives fromo‐Alkynyl Quinoline‐3‐carbonitriles and Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Sharma Shubham , Kumar Pandey Satyendra , Singh Virender
Published: June 2024

A KOtBu‐promoted robust strategy has been described for the regioselective synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4‐b]quinolin‐1‐one and naphthyridin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives fromo‐alkynylquinolinecarbonitriles in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds throughin situtransformation of the nitrile moiety into an amide group followed by the selective C−N bond formation through a5‐exo‐digor6‐endo‐digannulation reaction. Among the synthesized derivatives,6‐endo‐dignaphthyridin‐1(2H)‐ones displayed good photophysical properties. The present approach is superior to other established methodologies as it avoids use of transition metals and column chromatographic purification and affords the products in high yields. Additionally, the current methodology provides several additional advantages, such as one‐pot operation, high atom economy, broad substrate scope and a step‐economical process.
Isolation and characterization of two phages against emetic Bacillus cereus and their potential applications
Authors: Chen Bo , Huang Zhichao , Yuan Xiaoming , Li Chun , Wang Juan , Chen Moutong , Xue Liang , Zhang Jumei , Wu Qingping , Ding Yu
Published: June 2024

Bacillus cereus is a common foodborne pathogen capable of producing cereulide and enterotoxin. Consumption of food contaminated with cereulide can even result in fatality. Bacteriophages are increasingly being utilized as biocontrol agents to combat specific pathogens in a variety of food products. However, there are currently no lytic phages available to target cereulide‐producing B. cereus. This study aims to isolate and characterize two novel phages, DC1 and DC2, and assess their potential for use in food substrates. These two phages possessed the widest host range among the reported lytic phages that target B. cereus. The whole genome analysis demonstrated that DC1 and DC2 belonged to the Tsarbombavirus genus of the Bastillevirinae subfamily, which is part of the Herelleviridae family. The one‐step growth curve analysis revealed that DC1 had a latent period of 30 min and a burst size of approximately 39 PFU (plaque‐forming units) per cell. On the other hand, DC2 exhibited a shorter latent period of 15 min and a larger burst size of 124 PFU per cell. Both phages had a burst period of 30 min. Furthermore, DC1 and DC2 displayed excellent stability within a wide range of pH levels and temperatures. After undergoing a brief phage‐soaking treatment, DC1 and DC2 effectively reduced the bacterial count in spiked food samples. Additionally, they inhibited the formation of biofilms and degraded already‐formed biofilms. Collectively, DC1 and DC2 exhibit great potential as biocontrol agents for the prevention and control of B. cereus contamination in foods.
Remyelination‐oriented clemastine treatment attenuates neuropathies of optic nerve and retina in glaucoma
Authors: Liu Kun , Yang Yujian , Wu Zhonghao , Sun Chunhui , Su Yixun , Huang Nanxin , Wu Haoqian , Yi Chenju , Ye Jian , Xiao Lan , Niu Jianqin
Published: June 2024

As one of the top causes of blindness worldwide, glaucoma leads to diverse optic neuropathies such as degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is widely accepted that the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor in human glaucoma, and reduction of IOP level is the principally most well‐known method to prevent cell death of RGCs. However, clinical studies show that lowering IOP fails to prevent RGC degeneration in the progression of glaucoma. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of glaucoma pathological process is required for developing new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we provide functional and histological evidence showing that optic nerve defects occurred before retina damage in an ocular hypertension glaucoma mouse model, in which oligodendroglial lineage cells were responsible for the subsequent neuropathology. By treatment with clemastine, an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved first‐generation antihistamine medicine, we demonstrate that the optic nerve and retina damages were attenuated via promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and enhancing remyelination. Taken together, our results reveal the timeline of the optic neuropathies in glaucoma and highlight the potential role of oligodendroglial lineage cells playing in its treatment. Clemastine may be used in future clinical applications for demyelination‐associated glaucoma.
Do responsible practices lead to higher firm productivity? Evidence from Europe
Authors: Piserà Stefano , Gandullia Luca , Girardone Claudia
Published: June 2024

This study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in its environmental, social and governance (ESG) dimensions on firm productivity. We analyze a data set comprising 448 non‐financial firms operating in 15 European countries during the period 2002–2018 and find compelling evidence indicating that both the overall ESG scores and their individual sub‐pillars, are positively associated with total factor productivity (TFP). To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ multiple analytical approaches to address potential endogeneity and selection biases. Our evidence demonstrates that the link between ESG and TFP link becomes more pronounced during economic slowdowns, particularly in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that firms' environmental performance plays a pivotal role in driving this relationship. To validate this outcome, we employ a quasi‐natural experiment, focused on the adoption of the international climate change treaty, the 2015 ‘Paris Agreement’. Overall, our results offer valuable insights for policymakers and regulators and confirm that involvement in sustainability practices within the non‐financial sector not only yields societal benefits but also bolsters firm‐level productivity.
An interpretable deep learning Bayesian optimized random forest framework for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease in structural magnetic resonance images
Authors: Toumi Sihem Nour Elhouda , Belkhamsa Noureddine , Cherfa Yazid , Bouzouad Assia Cherfa
Published: June 2024

As one of the fastest‐growing neurological disorders, Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative, cardinally motor ailment. Associated with the late onset of symptoms and often misdiagnosed, it inflicts massive life handicaps. To aid in its early detection, the research community is seeking alternative in‐vivo biomarkers, mainly in the field of neuroimaging. This study aimed to build a computer‐aided diagnosis system to distinguish between healthy controls (HC) and early Parkinsonian patients (PD). Our classification paradigm encompasses a Convolutional Neural Network built from scratch to extract discriminatory features, followed by a Bayesian‐optimized Random Forest classifier (CNN_RF). We trained and validated our customized model on the MRI images of 178 PD and 124 HC, taken from the benchmark Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) dataset, as well as their brain tissue segments and Jacobian determinant maps. The classification was evaluated using seven performance metrics. For visual interpretation, we employed Grad‐CAM to generate saliency maps. Our findings demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method, as it outperformed deep‐tuned ResNet18, VGG16, and SqueezeNet, implemented for comparison. Furthermore, it resulted in 98.9% accuracy, 98.6% specificity, 99.0% precision, 99.5% F1‐score, a 97.7% Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and an AUC of 99.6% for the classification of fused gray matter and Jacobian map features. This indicates that the tailored CNN_RF possesses superior adaptability to identify intrinsic characteristics linked to the disease, as highlighted in the salient maps showcasing pertinent regions in the striatum, thalamus, frontal, temporal, and insular cortices for Parkinson's disease classification. Moreover, it offers a single modality and cost‐effective CAD, which could pave the way for a feasible early PD diagnosis. As data availability and AI robustness increase, PD diagnosis will no longer be a challenging task in the future.