bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Controlled Delivery of Asiaticoside-Rich Centella asiatica Extracts with Wound Healing Potential
Authors: Witkowska Katarzyna , Paczkowska-Walendowska Magdalena , Plech Tomasz , Szymanowska Daria , Michniak-Kohn Bożena , Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Published: December 2023

Centella asiatica extract is a valued plant material with known anti-inflammatory and anti-microbiological properties. Using the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach, it was possible to obtain an optimized water/alcoholic extract from Centella asiatica, which allowed the preparation of the final material with biological activity in the wound healing process. Studies on the novel applications of Centella asiatica in conjunction with the multifunctional chitosan carrier have been motivated by the plant’s substantial pharmacological activity and the need to develop new and effective methods for the treatment of chronic wounds. The controlled release of asiaticoside was made possible by the use of chitosan as a carrier. Based on the findings of investigations using the PAMPA skin assay, which is a model imitating the permeability of actives through skin, this compound, characterized by sustained release from the chitosan delivery system, was identified as being well able to permeate biological membranes such as skin. Chitosan and the lyophilized extract of Centella asiatica worked synergistically to block hyaluronidase, exert efficient microbiological activity and take part in the wound healing process, as proven in an in vitro model. A formulation containing 3% extract with 3% medium-molecular-weight chitosan was indicated as a potentially new treatment with high compliance and effectiveness for patients. Optimization of the chitosan-based hydrogel preparation ensured the required rheological properties necessary for the release of the bioactive from the chitosan delivery system and demonstrated a satisfactory antimicrobial activity.
Increased H3K9me3 and F-Actin Reorganization in the Rapid Adaptive Response to Hypergravity in Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Wernlé Kendra , Thiel Cora S. , Ullrich Oliver
Published: December 2023

Our study explored the impact of hypergravity on human T cells, which experience additional acceleration forces beyond Earth’s gravity due to various factors, such as pulsatile blood flow, and technology, such as high-performance aircraft flights or spaceflights. We investigated the histone modifications Histone 3 lysine 4 and 9 trimethylation (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, respectively), as well as the structural and cytoskeletal organization of Jurkat T cells in response to hypergravity. Histone modifications play a crucial role in gene regulation, chromatin organization and DNA repair. In response to hypergravity, we found only minimal changes of H3K4me3 and a rapid increase in H3K9me3, which was sustained for up to 15 min and then returned to control levels after 1 h. Furthermore, rapid changes in F-actin fluorescence were observed within seconds of hypergravity exposure, indicating filament depolymerization and cytoskeletal restructuring, which subsequently recovered after 1 h of hypergravity. Our study demonstrated the rapid, dynamic and adaptive cellular response to hypergravity, particularly in terms of histone modifications and cytoskeletal changes. These responses are likely necessary for maintaining genome stability and structural integrity under hypergravity conditions as they are constantly occurring in the human body during blood cell circulation.
An In Vivo Dual-Observation Method to Monitor Tumor Mass and Tumor-Surface Blood Vessels for Developing Anti-Angiogenesis Agents against Submillimeter Tumors
Authors: Tachibana Tomoko , Oyama Tomoko Gowa , Yoshii Yukie , Hihara Fukiko , Igarashi Chika , Shinada Mitsuhiro , Matsumoto Hiroki , Higashi Tatsuya , Kishimoto Toshihiko , Taguchi Mitsumasa
Published: December 2023

Managing metastasis at the early stage and detecting and treating submillimeter tumors at early metastasis are crucial for improving cancer prognosis. Angiogenesis is a critical target for developing drugs to detect and inhibit submillimeter tumor growth; however, drug development remains challenging because there are no suitable models for observing the submillimeter tumor mass and the surrounding blood vessels in vivo. We have established a xenograft subcutaneous submillimeter tumor mouse model with HT-29-RFP by transplanting a single spheroid grown on radiation-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel microwells. Here, we developed an in vivo dual-observation method to observe the submillimeter tumor mass and tumor-surface blood vessels using this model. RFP was detected to observe the tumor mass, and a fluorescent angiography agent FITC-dextran was administered to observe blood vessels via stereoscopic fluorescence microscopy. The anti-angiogenesis agent regorafenib was used to confirm the usefulness of this method. This method effectively detected the submillimeter tumor mass and tumor-surface blood vessels in vivo. Regorafenib treatment revealed tumor growth inhibition and angiogenesis downregulation with reduced vascular extremities, segments, and meshes. Further, we confirmed that tumor-surface blood vessel areas monitored using in vivo dual-observation correlated with intratumoral blood vessel areas observed via fluorescence microscopy with frozen sections. In conclusion, this method would be useful in developing anti-angiogenesis agents against submillimeter tumors.
Mechanical Egg Activation and Rearing of First Instar Larvae of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae)
Authors: van der Merwe Elmarie , Slippers Bernard , Dittrich-Schröder Gudrun
Published: December 2023

Egg activation is a cellular transition of an arrested mature oocyte into a developing embryo through a coordinated series of events. Previous studies in Hymenoptera have indicated that mechanical pressure can induce egg activation. In this study, we developed the first egg activation protocol for the haplodiploid insect pest, Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), from two climatically different regions in South Africa to demonstrate the broad applicability of the method. In addition, activated eggs were exposed to three treatments involving water, pine sawdust, and the fungal symbiont of S. noctilio, Amylostereum areolatum (Russulales: Amylostereaceae), to determine if the symbiotic fungus is a requirement for egg development in an artificial laboratory environment, as the symbiotic fungus has been hypothesised to be necessary for egg and early larval development in a natural environment. A rearing protocol was developed for the first instar larvae using a modified Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) artificial diet. A significant difference between the mean survival rates of activated eggs from the two different regions was observed. Amylostereum areolatum was shown to be unnecessary for egg survival and adversely affected egg eclosion in an artificial laboratory environment. The maximum larval survival duration on the artificial diet was 92 days. The egg activation and rearing protocol developed in this study enables opportunities for research on the physiology, ecology, symbioses, and genetics of S. noctilio, which can be exploited for new genetic pest management strategies.
Case Series on Autosomal Recessive Non-Syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa Caused by POMGNT1 Mutations with a Report of a New Variant
Authors: Patel Ami , Cui Ruifeng , Odom James Vernon , Leys Monique
Published: December 2023

Recessive Protein O-linked-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1) mutations can cause early onset muscle–eye–brain disease but have also more recently been associated with non-syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa. In this case series, we describe three sisters affected by non-syndromic autosomal recessive POMGNT1 retinopathy with a report of a new variant. The three patients received care at West Virginia University Eye Institute, including full ophthalmic examination with additional fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual field testing. Diagnostic panel testing of 330 genes was also obtained. The proband was seen for cataract evaluation at age 42, and her fundus examination was suggestive of retinitis pigmentosa. Her oldest sister had been treated for acute anterior uveitis with retinal vasculitis. Another sister was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and peripheral retinal degeneration. Posterior subcapsular cataracts were diagnosed between age 42 and 55 in all three sisters, each with constricted fields with preserved central vision. We identified one pathogenic POMGNT1 variant (c.751 + 1G > A) and one likely pathogenic variant (c.1010T > C p.Ile337Thr) in all three sisters. A thorough family history and examination of the siblings with genotyping might have led to an earlier diagnosis of retinal inherited disease and avoidance of immunomodulatory treatment in the oldest sibling.
Understanding the Role of Mono and Ternary Alkali Metal Salts on CO2 Uptake of MgO Sorbents
Authors: Correia Patrícia , Pinheiro Carla I. C. , Teixeira Paula
Published: December 2023

CO2 uptake by MgO-based sorbents at intermediate temperatures is attractive for pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture applications. However, besides the high CO2 uptake potential of these materials (1.1 g CO2 g−1 sorbent), in practice, the realistic CO2 capture is far from that of the theorical values. In this work, the sol–gel method was used to synthetize unsupported and supported MgO sorbents (10% Ca− or 10% Ce− support, mol) that were impregnated with different fractions (15, 25, and 35; % mol) of a NaNO3 single salt or a ternary alkali salt (NaNO3, LiNO3 and KNO3 (18/30/52; % mol)). To understand the role of alkali metal salts (AMSs) in the MgO sorbents’ performance, the working and decomposition temperature ranges of AMS under different atmospheres (CO2 and air) were evaluated. The findings show that the CO2 uptake temperature range and maximum uptake (20–500 °C, CO2 atmosphere) of sorbents are correlated. The cyclic CO2 uptake of the most promising sorbents was tested along five carbonation–calcination cycles. For the first and fifth cycles, respectively, the 15 (Na, K, Li)-MgO sorbents showed the highest carrying capacity, i.e., 460–330 mg CO2 g−1 sorbent, while for the 15 (Na, K, Li)-MgO-Ca sorbents, it was 375–275 mg CO2 g−1. However, after the first cycle, the carbonation occurred faster for the 15 (Na, K, Li)-MgO-Ca sorbents, meaning that it can be a path to overpassing carbonation kinetics limitations of the MgO sorbent, making it viable for industrial applications.
Effect of Pre-Rolling on Microstructure and Fatigue Crack Propagation Resistance of a Third-Generation Al-Li Alloy
Authors: Liu Meng , Tao Xiaoyu , Di Zhiyu , Qin Mengli , Liu Zhiyi , Bai Song
Published: December 2023

The effect of pre-rolling on the microstructure and fatigue crack (FC) propagation resistance of the Al-Cu-Li alloy was studied using tensile testing, fatigue testing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that reducing the alloy thickness through pre-rolling by up to 12% enhanced both tensile strength and yield strength, albeit at the expense of reduced elongation. In addition, the FC growth rate decreased by up to 9% pre-rolling, reaching the minimum, while the application of additional mechanical stress during the pre-rolling increases this parameter. Deformations in the Al-Cu-Li alloy with less than a 9% thickness reduction were confined to the surface layer and did not extend to the central layer. This non-uniform deformation induced a compressive stress gradient in the thickness direction and led to an inhomogeneous distribution of T1 phase, resembling the structure generated by shot peening. The superior FC propagation resistance in the 9% pre-rolled alloy could be primarily attributed to the optimum balance of compressive residual stress and work hardening.
Synthesis of Manganese Oxide Sorbent for the Extraction of Lithium from Hydromineral Raw Materials
Authors: Karshyga Zaure , Yersaiynova Albina , Yessengaziyev Azamat , Orynbayev Bauyrzhan , Kvyatkovskaya Marina , Silachyov Igor
Published: December 2023

The article presents the research results for the synthesis of inorganic sorbents based on manganese oxide compounds. It shows the results of the lithium sorption from brines with the use of synthesized sorbents. The effect of temperature, the molar ratio of Li/Mn, and the duration for obtaining a lithium-manganese precursor and its acid treatment was studied. The sorption characteristics of the synthesized sorbents were studied. The effect of the ratio of the sorbent mass to the brine volume and the duration of the process on the sorption of lithium from brine were studied. In this case, the sorbent recovery of lithium was ~86%. A kinetic model of the lithium sorption from brine on a synthesized sorbent was determined. The kinetics of the lithium sorption was described by a pseudo-second-order model, which implies limiting the speed of the process due to a chemical reaction.
Numerical Investigation on Anti-Explosion Performance of Non-Metallic Annular Protective Structures
Authors: Bian Xiaobing , Yang Lei , Wang Tao , Huang Guangyan
Published: December 2023

Explosive shock wave protection is an important issue that urgently needs to be solved in the current military and public security safety fields. Non-metallic protective structures have the characteristics of being lightweight and having low secondary damage, making them an important research object in the field of equivalent protection. In this paper, the numerical simulation was performed to investigate the dynamic mechanical response of non-metallic annular protective structures under the internal blast, which were made by the continuous winding of PE fibers. The impact of various charges, the number of fiber layers, and polyurethane foam on the damage to protective structures was analyzed. The numerical results showed that 120 PE fiber layers could protect 50 g TNT equivalent explosives. However, solely increasing the thickness of fiber layers cannot effectively enhance the protection efficiency. By adding polyurethane foam in the inner layer, the stress acting on the fiber could be effectively reduced. A 30 mm thick polyurethane layer can reduce the equivalent stress of the fiber layer by 41.6%. This paper can provide some reference for the numerical simulations of non-metallic explosion protection structures.
Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Fugus-Based Biocarbons for Malachite Green and NO2 Removal
Authors: Bazan-Wozniak Aleksandra , Yagmur-Kabas Sultan , Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka , Pietrzak Robert
Published: December 2023

The aim of the current study was to produce biocarbons through the activation of carbon dioxide with the extraction residues of the fungus Inonotus obliquus. To achieve this goal, a microwave oven was used to apply three different activation temperatures: 500, 600, and 700 °C. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption was employed to determine the elemental composition, acid-base properties, and textural parameters of the resulting carbon adsorbents. Subsequently, the produced biocarbons were evaluated for their efficiency in removing malachite green and NO2. The adsorbent obtained by activation of the precursor in 700 °C had a specific surface area of 743 m2/g. In the aqueous malachite green solution, the highest measured sorption capacity was 176 mg/g. Conversely, under dry conditions, the sorption capacity for NO2 on this biocarbon was 21.4 mg/g, and under wet conditions, it was 40.9 mg/g. According to the experimental findings, surface biocarbons had equal-energy active sites that interacted with the dye molecules. A pseudo-second-order kinetics model yielded the most accurate results, indicating that the adsorption of malachite green was driven by chemisorption. Additionally, the study demonstrates a clear correlation between the adsorption capacity of the biocarbons and the pH level of the solution, as it increases proportionately.
The Effect of Microballoon Volume Fraction on the Elastic and Viscoelastic Properties of Hollow Microballoon-Filled Epoxy Composites
Authors: Chitrakar Rojer , Hossain Md Sakhawat , Nilufar Sabrina
Published: December 2023

This paper reports the study of hollow microballoon-filled epoxy composites also known as syntactic foams with various volume fractions of microballoons. Different mechanical and thermomechanical investigations were carried out to study the elastic and viscoelastic behavior of these foams. The density, void content, and microstructure of these materials were also studied for better characterization. In addition to the experimental testing, a representative 3D model of these syntactic foams was developed to further investigate their elastic behavior. The results indicate that changes in the volume percentage of the microballoons had a substantial impact on the elastic and viscoelastic behavior of these foams. These results will help in designing and optimizing custom-tailored syntactic foams for different engineering applications.
Investigation on Optical Absorption and Reflection of Carbon Nanotubes Mixed Copper Composites for Laser Sintering Process Improvement
Authors: Ayub Hasan , Khan Lehar Asip , McCarthy Eanna , Ahad Inam Ul , Fleischer Karsten , Brabazon Dermot
Published: December 2023

Selective laser sintering (SLS) of copper components manufactured via powder metallurgy is widely studied due to minimal material wastage. However, copper has poor optical absorption when exposed to infrared (IR) lasers, such as in laser-based additive manufacturing or laser surface processing. To address this issue, an innovative approach to enhance the optical absorption of copper powders during infrared laser sintering is presented in this study. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have several unique properties, including their high surface area, plasmonic response, excellent conductivity, and optical absorption properties. CNTs were mixed with copper powders at different weight percentages using an acoustic method. The resulting Cu-CNT compositions were fabricated into pellets. The Box-Behnken Design of Experiments methodology was used to optimize the IR laser processing conditions for sintering. Spectroscopic analysis was conducted to evaluate the reflection and thermal absorption of the IR wavelengths by the Cu-CNT composites. Density and hardness measurements were taken for the laser-sintered Cu-CNT pellets. The coating of copper powders with CNTs demonstrated enhanced optical absorption and correspondingly reduced reflection. Due to the enhanced optical absorption, increased control and sensitivity of the laser sintering process was achieved, which enabled improvement in the mechanical properties of strength, hardness, and density, while also enabling control over the composite thermal expansion coefficient. A maximum average hardness of 66.5 HV was observed. Indentation test results of the samples revealed maximum tangential and radial stresses of 0.148 MPa and 0.058 Mpa, respectively.
MEMS Electrostatically Driven Coupled Beam Filter Banks
Authors: Syms Richard , Bouchaala Adam
Published: December 2023

MEMS bandpass filters based on electrostatically driven, mechanically coupled beams with in-plane motion have been demonstrated up to the VHF band. Filters higher than second order with parallel plate drives have inherent tuning difficulties, which may be resolved by adding mass-loaded beams to the ends of the array. These beams deflect for DC voltages, and thus allow synchronized electrostatic tuning, but do not respond to in-band AC voltages and hence do not interfere with dynamic synchronization. Additional out-of-band responses may be damped, leaving the desired response. The principle is extended here to close-packed banks of filters, with adjacent arrays sharing mass-loaded beams that localize modes to sub-arrays. The operating principles are explained using a lumped element model (LEM) of the equations of motion in terms of resonant modes and the reflection of acoustic waves at discontinuities. Performance is simulated using the LEM and verified using the more realistic stiffness matrix method (SMM) for banks of up to eight filters. Similar or dissimilar filters may be combined in a compact arrangement, and the method may be extended to higher order resonances and alternative coupled resonator systems.
Modified Diatomaceous Earth in Heparin Recovery from Porcine Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Das Anushree , Khambhati Devang P. , Longoria Niko D. , Tabibi Alireza , Davachi Seyed Mohammad , Dimas Kayli , Laurencin Yulianna , Carmona Lesly , Avalos Pablo Zarate , Karimi Abdolmaleki Mahmood
Published: December 2023

Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is a naturally occurring anticoagulant that plays a vital role in various physiological processes. The remarkable structural complexity of heparin, consisting of repeating disaccharide units, makes it a crucial molecule for the development of commercial drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the development of cost-effective adsorbents specifically designed for the adsorption of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa. This advancement has been driven by the need for efficient and scalable methods to extract heparin from natural sources. In this study, we investigated the use of cationic ammonium-functionalized diatomaceous earth, featuring enhanced porosity, larger surface area, and higher thermal stability, to maximize the isolated heparin recovery. Our results showed that the higher cationic density and less bulky quaternary modified diatomaceous earth (QDADE) could adsorb up to 16.3 mg·g−1 (31%) of heparin from the real mucosa samples. Additionally, we explored the conditions of the adsorbent surface for recovery of the heparin molecule and optimized various factors, such as temperature and pH, to optimize the heparin uptake. This is the introductory account of the implementation of modified diatomaceous earth with quaternary amines for heparin capture.
Nitric Acid-Treated Blue Coke-Based Activated Carbon’s Structural Characteristics and Its Application in Hexavalent Chromium-Containing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Wang Wencheng , Wang Hua , Luoyang Yunxuan , Zhang Guotao , Gao Xuchun , Li Jian , Li Xia , He Miao
Published: December 2023

This study primarily focused on the efficient transformation of low-priced blue coke powder into a high-capacity adsorbent and aimed to address the pollution issue of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI))-laden wastewater and to facilitate the effective utilization of blue coke powder. A two-step method was utilized to fabricate a blue coke-based nitric acid-modified material (LCN), and the impact of nitric acid modification on the material’s structure and its efficacy in treating Cr (VI)-contaminated wastewater was evaluated. Our experimental results illustrated that, under identical conditions, LCN exhibited superior performance for Cr (VI) treatment compared to the method employing only potassium hydroxide (LCK). The specific surface area and pore volume of LCN were 1.39 and 1.36 times greater than those of LCK, respectively. Further chemical composition analysis revealed that the functional group structure on the LCN surface was more conducive to Cr (VI) adsorption. The highest amount of Cr (VI) that LCN could bind was measured at 181.962 mg/g at 318 K. This was mostly due to chemisorption, which is dominated by redox reactions. The Cr (VI) removal process by LCN was identified to be a spontaneous, exothermic, and entropy-increasing process. Several tests on recycling and reuse showed that LCN is a stable and effective chromium-containing wastewater adsorbent, showing that it could be used in many situations.
Neuroprotective Effects of Aldehyde-Reducing Composition in an LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kang Sora , Noh Youngjin , Oh Seung Jun , Yoon Hye Ji , Im Suyeol , Kwon Hung Taeck , Pak Youngmi Kim
Published: December 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease in which neuroinflammation and oxidative stress interact to contribute to pathogenesis. This study investigates the in vivo neuroprotective effects of a patented yeast extract lysate in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation model. The yeast extract lysate, named aldehyde-reducing composition (ARC), exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-aldehyde activities in vitro. Oral administration of ARC at 10 or 20 units/kg/day for 3 days prior to intraperitoneal injection of LPS (10 mg/kg) effectively preserved dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum by preventing LPS-induced cell death. ARC also normalized the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the SN, providing further evidence for its neuroprotective properties. In the liver, ARC downregulated the LPS-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines and reversed the LPS-induced decrease in antioxidant-related genes. These findings indicate that ARC exerts potent antioxidant, anti-aldehyde, and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, suggesting its potential as a disease-modifying agent for the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases, including Parkinson’s disease.
A Multivariate Analysis-Driven Workflow to Tackle Uncertainties in Miniaturized NIR Data
Authors: Gorla Giulia , Taborelli Paolo , Giussani Barbara
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on exploring and understanding measurement errors in analytical procedures involving miniaturized near-infrared instruments. Despite recent spreading in different application fields, there remains a lack of emphasis on the accuracy and reliability of these devices, which is a critical concern for accurate scientific outcomes. The study investigates multivariate measurement errors, revealing their complex nature and the influence that preprocessing techniques can have. The research introduces a possible workflow for practical error analysis in experiments involving diverse samples and instruments. Notably, it investigates how sample characteristics impact errors in the case of solid pills and tablets, typical pharmaceutical samples. ASCA was used for understanding critical instrumental factors and the potential and limitations of the method in the current application were discussed. The joint interpretation of multivariate error matrices and their resume through image histograms and K index are discussed in order to evaluate the impact of common preprocessing methods and to assess their influence on signals.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Gadolinium Oxyhydride (GdHO) Thin Films: Optical, Photocatalytic, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Kumar Kasi Vinoth , Andronic Luminita , Baba Elbruz Murat , Deribew Dargie , Mayandi Jeyanthinath , Moons Ellen , Karazhanov Smagul Zh.
Published: December 2023

Oxyhydrides of rare-earth metals (REMOHs) exhibit notable photochromic behaviors. Among these, yttrium oxyhydride (YHO) stands out for its impressive transparency and swift UV-responsive color change, positioning it as an optimal material for self-cleaning window applications. Although semiconductor photocatalysis holds potential solutions for critical environmental issues, optimizing the photocatalytic efficacy of photochromic substances has not been adequately addressed. This research advances the study of REMOHs, focusing on the properties of gadolinium oxyhydride (GdHO) both theoretically and experimentally. The electronic and structural characteristics of GdHO, vital for ceramic technology, are thoroughly examined. Explicitly determined work functions for GdH2, GdHO, and Gd2O3 stand at 3.4 eV, 3.0 eV, and 4.3 eV, respectively. Bader charge analysis showcases GdHO’s intricate bonding attributes, whereas its electron localization function majorly presents an ionic nature. The charge neutrality level is situated about 0.33 eV below the top valence band, highlighting these materials’ inclination for acceptor-dominant electrical conductivity. Remarkably, this research unveils GdHO films’ photocatalytic capabilities for the first time. Even with their restricted surface due to thinness, these films follow the Langmuir–Hinshelwood degradation kinetics, ensuring total degradation of methylene blue in a day. It was observed that GdHO’s work function diminishes with reduced deposition pressure, and UV exposure further decreases it by 0.2 eV—a change that reverts post-UV exposure. The persistent stability of GdHO films, hinting at feasible recyclability, enhances their potential efficiency, underlining their viability in practical applications. Overall, this study accentuates GdHO’s pivotal role in electronics and photocatalysis, representing a landmark advancement in the domain.
Liposomal and Liposomes-Film Systems as Carriers for Bioactives from Paeonia tenuifolia L. Petals: Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Potential
Authors: Čutović Natalija , Marković Tatjana , Carević Tamara , Stojković Dejan , Bugarski Branko , Jovanović Aleksandra A.
Published: December 2023

Paeonia tenuifolia L. (steppe peony) petal extract was proficiently encapsulated into liposomes and biopolymer films in the current work, both times utilizing a single-step procedure. The encapsulation efficiency, size of the particles, and index of polydispersity (PDI), as well as the ζ potential of the obtained liposomes were determined, whereas in the case of films, the test included moisture content and mechanical property assessment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to evaluate the chemical composition and existence of numerous interactions in the systems. All the obtained encapsulates were subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activity testing of the pathogens associated with human skin. The results indicated that the liposomes prepared using Phospholipon had the highest encapsulation efficiency (72.04%), making them the most favorable ones in the release study as well. The biological assays also revealed that Phospholipon was the most beneficial phospholipid mixture for the preparation of liposomes, whereas the film containing these liposomes did not have the ability to inhibit pathogen growth, making the double encapsulation of P. tenuifolia L. petal extract needless. These findings may be a first step toward the potential use of steppe peony extract-loaded films and liposomes in pharmaceutical and cosmetical industries.
4D Printing: The Development of Responsive Materials Using 3D-Printing Technology
Authors: Antezana Pablo Edmundo , Municoy Sofia , Ostapchuk Gabriel , Catalano Paolo Nicolás , Hardy John G. , Evelson Pablo Andrés , Orive Gorka , Desimone Martin Federico
Published: December 2023

Additive manufacturing, widely known as 3D printing, has revolutionized the production of biomaterials. While conventional 3D-printed structures are perceived as static, 4D printing introduces the ability to fabricate materials capable of self-transforming their configuration or function over time in response to external stimuli such as temperature, light, or electric field. This transformative technology has garnered significant attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential to address limitations associated with traditional therapies. Here, we delve into an in-depth review of 4D-printing systems, exploring their diverse biomedical applications and meticulously evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasize the novelty of this review paper by highlighting the latest advancements and emerging trends in 4D-printing technology, particularly in the context of biomedical applications.
Insight into the Role of Conductive Polypyrrole Coated on Rice Husk-Derived Nanosilica-Reduced Graphene Oxide as the Anodes: Electrochemical Improvement in Sustainable Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ratsameetammajak Natthakan , Autthawong Thanapat , Khunpakdee Kittiched , Haruta Mitsutaka , Chairuangsri Torranin , Sarakonsri Thapanee
Published: December 2023

Polypyrrole (PPy) is a type of conducting polymer that has garnered attention as a potential electrode material for sustainable energy storage devices. This is mostly attributed to its mechanical flexibility, ease of processing, and ecologically friendly nature. Here, a polypyrrole-coated rice husk-derived nanosilica-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (SiO2-rGO@PPy) as an anode material was developed by a simple composite technique followed by an in situ polymerization process. The architecture of reduced graphene oxide offers a larger electrode/electrolyte interface to promote charge-transfer reactions and provides sufficient space to buffer a large volume expansion of SiO2, maintaining the mechanical integrity of the overall electrode during the lithiation/delithiation process. Moreover, the conducting polymer coating not only improves the capacity of SiO2, but also suppresses the volume expansion and rapid capacity fading caused by serious pulverization. The present anode material shows a remarkable specific reversible capacity of 523 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 current density and exhibits exceptional discharge rate capability. The cycling stability at a current density of 100 mA g−1 shows 81.6% capacity retention and high Coulombic efficiency after 250 charge–discharge cycles. The study also pointed out that this method might be able to be used on a large scale in the lithium-ion battery industry, which could have a big effect on its long-term viability. Creating sustainable nanocomposites is an exciting area of research that could help solve some of the biggest problems with lithium-ion batteries, like how easy they are to make and how big they can be used in industry. This is because they are sustainable and have less of an impact on the environment.
Deep Learning for Combating Misinformation in Multicategorical Text Contents
Authors: Kozik Rafał , Mazurczyk Wojciech , Cabaj Krzysztof , Pawlicka Aleksandra , Pawlicki Marek , Choraś Michał
Published: December 2023

Currently, one can observe the evolution of social media networks. In particular, humans are faced with the fact that, often, the opinion of an expert is as important and significant as the opinion of a non-expert. It is possible to observe changes and processes in traditional media that reduce the role of a conventional ‘editorial office’, placing gradual emphasis on the remote work of journalists and forcing increasingly frequent use of online sources rather than actual reporting work. As a result, social media has become an element of state security, as disinformation and fake news produced by malicious actors can manipulate readers, creating unnecessary debate on topics organically irrelevant to society. This causes a cascading effect, fear of citizens, and eventually threats to the state’s security. Advanced data sensors and deep machine learning methods have great potential to enable the creation of effective tools for combating the fake news problem. However, these solutions often need better model generalization in the real world due to data deficits. In this paper, we propose an innovative solution involving a committee of classifiers in order to tackle the fake news detection challenge. In that regard, we introduce a diverse set of base models, each independently trained on sub-corpora with unique characteristics. In particular, we use multi-label text category classification, which helps formulate an ensemble. The experiments were conducted on six different benchmark datasets. The results are promising and open the field for further research.
Breaking the Fatigue Cycle: Investigating the Effect of Work-Rest Schedules on Muscle Fatigue in Material Handling Jobs
Authors: Beltran Martinez Karla , Nazarahari Milad , Rouhani Hossein
Published: December 2023

Muscle fatigue has proven to be a main factor in developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Taking small breaks or performing stretching routines during a work shift might reduce workers’ fatigue. Therefore, our objective was to explore how breaks and/or a stretching routine during a work shift could impact muscle fatigue and body kinematics that might subsequently impact the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risk during material handling jobs. We investigated muscle fatigue during a repetitive task performed without breaks, with breaks, and with a stretching routine during breaks. Muscle fatigue was detected using muscle activity (electromyography) and a validated kinematic score measured by wearable sensors. We observed a significant reduction in muscle fatigue between the different work–rest schedules (p < 0.01). Also, no significant difference was observed between the productivity of the three schedules. Based on these objective kinematic assessments, we concluded that taking small breaks during a work shift can significantly reduce muscle fatigue and potentially reduce its consequent risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders without negatively affecting productivity.
A Comparison Study between Traditional and Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Algorithms for Indoor Autonomous Navigation in Dynamic Scenarios
Authors: Arce Diego , Solano Jans , Beltrán Cesar
Published: December 2023

At the beginning of a project or research that involves the issue of autonomous navigation of mobile robots, a decision must be made about working with traditional control algorithms or algorithms based on artificial intelligence. This decision is not usually easy, as the computational capacity of the robot, the availability of information through its sensory systems and the characteristics of the environment must be taken into consideration. For this reason, this work focuses on a review of different autonomous-navigation algorithms applied to mobile robots, from which the most suitable ones have been identified for the cases in which the robot must navigate in dynamic environments. Based on the identified algorithms, a comparison of these traditional and DRL-based algorithms was made, using a robotic platform to evaluate their performance, identify their advantages and disadvantages and provide a recommendation for their use, according to the development requirements of the robot. The algorithms selected were DWA, TEB, CADRL and SAC, and the results show that—according to the application and the robot’s characteristics—it is recommended to use each of them, based on different conditions.
Wind Energy Harvesting with Vertically Aligned Piezoelectric Inverted Flags
Authors: Yang Kaidong , Cioncolini Andrea , Revell Alistair , Nabawy Mostafa R. A.
Published: December 2023

Wind-energy-harvesting generators based on inverted flag architecture are an attractive option to replace batteries in low-power wireless electronic devices and deploy-and-forget distributed sensors. This study examines two important aspects that have been overlooked in previous research: the interaction between an inverted flag and a neighboring solid boundary and the interaction among multiple contiguous inverted flags arranged in a vertical row. Systematic tests have been carried out with metal-only ‘baseline’ flags as well as a ‘harvester’ variant, i.e., the baseline metal flag covered with PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) piezoelectric polymer elements. In each case, dynamic response and power generation were measured and assessed. For baseline metal flags, the same qualitative trend is observed when the flag approaches an obstacle, whether this is a wall or another flag. As the gap distance reduces, the wind speed range at which flapping occurs gradually shrinks and shifts towards lower velocities. The increased damping introduced by attaching PVDF elements to the baseline metal flags led to a considerable narrowing of the flapping wind speed range, and the wall-to-flag or flag-to-flag interaction led to a power reduction of up to one order of magnitude compared to single flags. The present findings highlight the strong dependence of the power output on the flapping frequency, which decreases when the flag approaches a wall or other flags mounted onto the same pole. Minimum flag-to-flag and flag-to-wall spacing values are suggested for practical applications to avoid power reduction in multi-flag arrangements (2-3H and 1-2H respectively, where H is flag height).
Spatio-Temporal Anomaly Detection with Graph Networks for Data Quality Monitoring of the Hadron Calorimeter
Authors: Asres Mulugeta Weldezgina , Omlin Christian Walter , Wang Long , Yu David , Parygin Pavel , Dittmann Jay , Karapostoli Georgia , Seidel Markus , Venditti Rosamaria , Lambrecht Luka , Usai Emanuele , Ahmad Muhammad , Menendez Javier Fernandez , Maeshima Kaori ,   the CMS-HCAL Collaboration
Published: December 2023

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is a general-purpose detector for high-energy collision at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It employs an online data quality monitoring (DQM) system to promptly spot and diagnose particle data acquisition problems to avoid data quality loss. In this study, we present a semi-supervised spatio-temporal anomaly detection (AD) monitoring system for the physics particle reading channels of the Hadron Calorimeter (HCAL) of the CMS using three-dimensional digi-occupancy map data of the DQM. We propose the GraphSTAD system, which employs convolutional and graph neural networks to learn local spatial characteristics induced by particles traversing the detector and the global behavior owing to shared backend circuit connections and housing boxes of the channels, respectively. Recurrent neural networks capture the temporal evolution of the extracted spatial features. We validate the accuracy of the proposed AD system in capturing diverse channel fault types using the LHC collision data sets. The GraphSTAD system achieves production-level accuracy and is being integrated into the CMS core production system for real-time monitoring of the HCAL. We provide a quantitative performance comparison with alternative benchmark models to demonstrate the promising leverage of the presented system.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Lalu Wetland Based on Monte Carlo Simulation and ACPS-MLR
Authors: Yang Bo , Li Wei , Xiong Jian , Yang Jueyuan , Huang Ruiqing , Xie Pengcheng
Published: December 2023

Lalu wetland is the world’s largest plateau urban wetland. It was designated as a national-level nature reserve in China in 2004 and is often called “the lung of Lhasa”. It serves as a vital recreational area for urban residents. Concerns have arisen about the potential harm to human health due to heavy metals (HMs) in the wetland soil. This study assessed the ecological risk of HMs in Lalu wetland soil by using the potential ecological risk index and geo-accumulation index techniques. The findings showed that the Lalu wetland’s overall risk level is low risk. with Cd being the primary pollutant. Through the absolute principal component scores–multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model and Pearson correlation analysis, three sources of HMs were identified, including traffic sources, soil parent material sources, and geothermal sources, contributing 51.13%, 32.35%, and 16.52%, respectively. The results of the probabilistic health risk assessment based on Monte Carlo simulation indicate that non-carcinogenic risks are absent for both adults and children. However, acceptable carcinogenic risks are present. For adults, the main exposure mode is through dermal contact, while children are primarily exposed through ingestion. Children manifest a heightened vulnerability to these risks compared to adults, with As being the primary contributing element. The source-oriented health risk assessment (HRA) highlights geothermal sources as the primary contributors to health risks. The research results provide insights into the current status of HMs in Lalu wetland soil, offering a scientific basis for restricting and managing contamination by HMs in wetlands.
Development of a logical model for controlling the veneer drying process
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Forestry Engineering University named after S. M. Kirov, Department of Mathematical Methods in Management, Shifrin B. M. , Eliseev I. V. ,   St. Petersburg State Forestry Engineering University named after S. M. Kirov, Department of Mathematical Methods in Management
Published: December 2023

One of the ways to improve the quality and volume of woodworking products is to increase the level of automation of production, which requires a clear formalization of the description of the behavior of the corresponding technological processes. In the article, on the basis of automatic programming, a logical model of the automatic control system for drying veneer in a multi-zone conveyor belt has been developed, which allows to increase the safety and efficiency of the process.
The Main Trends in the Development of Agricultural Production in the World and Russia
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Economy of Agriculture, Moscow, Medvedeva N. A.
Published: December 2023

The article examines the trends in the production of the main types of agricultural products in the world based on the analysis of the OECD-FAO forecast for the next decade 2023–2032. According to this forecast, by 2032, world agricultural production in value terms will increase by 17 %. The strengthening of the role of developing countries in the production of agricultural products is the main trend in the development of world agricultural production, which is based on population growth, the need to ensure food security in connection with the sanctions policy of Western countries, which led to a change in trade relations and disruption of logistics supply chains of products. According to the OECD-FAO forecast, the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as the countries of Africa, will provide more than 70 % growth in crop production. Developing countries will account for about 60 % of livestock production by the end of the decade. The main growth factor will be an increase in crop yields and animaproductivity based on the intensification of production and an increase in the level of scientific and technological support for the industry. The article also examines the main trends in the development of production and consumption of agricultural products in Russia for the next decade and determines the level of self-sufficiency in basic food products, which Russia will reach by 2032.
Gestión escolar e inclusividad en una Institución Educativa en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao
Authors: Olaya Guerrero Julio César , Vásquez Ramos Segundo Pio , Villamares Hernández Ericka Janet , Luna Santos Juan Carlos , Vásquez Hernández Bari Rafael
Published: December 2023

La gestión escolar juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo de prácticas inclusivas en la educación. La gestión efectiva de la institución educativa permite la creación de un ambiente escolar inclusivo que valora y promueve la diversidad de sus estudiantes. Es así que este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la gestión escolar y las prácticas inclusivas en la educación. Se basó en un enfoque cuantitativo y se aplicaron dos cuestionarios a 72 docentes para medir su percepción sobre la gestión escolar y las prácticas inclusivas en la institución. Los resultados mostraron una correlación alta entre las variables gestión escolar y prácticas inclusivas, así como también una correlación alta entre las dimensiones organizacional, administrativa, pedagógica y comunitaria de la gestión escolar y la variable prácticas inclusivas. En conclusión, la gestión escolar y las prácticas inclusivas están estrechamente relacionadas y ambas son fundamentales para lograr una educación inclusiva y de calidad para todos los estudiantes.