bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДИК БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА ДОХОДОВ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ В ВИДЕ БЕЗВОЗМЕЗДНО ПОСТУПИВШИХ ОСНОВНЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Authors: Маталыцкая Светлана Константиновна , Голуб Лариса Константиновна
Published: September 2019

Цель: исследование проблем, возникающих при отражении в бухгалтерском учете безвозмездно поступивших основных средств, вопросов, связанных с моментом определения доходов от безвозмездного поступления основных средств, определение периода отражения их в учете и организации налогового учета в целях исчисления налога на прибыль. Обсуждение: порядка отражения в бухгалтерском учете безвозмездного поступления основных средств, начисления амортизации по ним, переоценка безвозмездно полученного объекта, определения факта признания доходов от безвозмездного поступлении основных средств, возникновения временных разниц, отражения в бухгалтерском учете начисления отложенного налогового актива и его погашения по мере начисления амортизации, организации налогового учета по операциям, связанным с безвозмездным поступлением основных средств, исчисление налога на прибыль. Результаты: развитие методик бухгалтерского учета безвозмездно поступивших основных средств, определение момента признания доходов от безвозмездного поступления по факту поступления основного средства или ввода его в эксплуатацию как дохода от инвестиционной деятельности, определение налогооблагаемой базы исчисления налога на прибыль.
A Brief Analysis of Subtitle Translation of Documentary Wild China from the Perspective of Eco-translatology
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Rouqi
Published: September 2019

Based on the principle of truth, the documentary exchanges knowledge and conveys emotions. The documentary Wild China has received strong attention from domestic and foreign audiences since its launch on National Geographic. However, due to the differences between Chinese and Western cultures, most Chinese viewers need subtitle translation to have a better understanding of this documentary. Unlike the subtitle translation of films and TV plays, the content of the documentary has strong professionalism and knowledge. Thus, documentary subtitle translation requirements are also higher than those of films and TV plays. Meanwhile, it is necessary to discuss the subtitle translation of documentaries. Ecological translation was first proposed by Professor Hu Gengshen. In the past ten years, many remarkable research results have been achieved. Taking ecological translation as the theoretical support, this paper chooses the subtitle translation of the documentary Wild China (CCTV) as the research object, and combines the theoretical discussion and the case analysis to focus on the translator’s “adaptation” and “selection” in the linguistic, cultural and communicative dimensions, thus verifying the guiding significance of eco-translatology to the subtitle translation of the documentary and supplementing the theoretical research perspective of subtitle translation of the documentary.
A Survey of the Inadequacies of Oral English Teaching in Developing Areas of Zhejiang Province
Authors: Xiong Wei
Published: September 2019

Affected by exam-oriented education, many teachers and students pay more attention to written knowledge in the process of English learning in junior high schools in Zhejiang Province. Students’ ability of oral English is not as good as written expression, especially in areas where economic development is relatively slow. This paper aims to find out the factors that affect the oral communication ability of junior high school students in Zhoushan through the field investigation of Ningbo and Zhoushan. It can provide direction and reference for improving students' oral English ability in economically underdeveloped areas in the future.
Monoklonal antikorlardan bevacizumab'ın deneysel inflamatuar ağrı modelinde antianjiyogenik etkisi
Authors: YAMAN Selma , ÇUKADAR Nursima , BARAN Furkan , UYANIK Fatih Burak , KILINÇ Metin , MERT Tufan
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, deneysel inflamatuar modelinde (Carrageenan kullanılarak meydana getirilen) sistemik (intraperitoneal: IP) ve lokal (intraplantar: IPL) olarak uygulanan bevacizumab’ın muhtemel anti-nosiseptif, anti-inflamatuar ve anti-ödem etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Sağlıklı ve Carrageenan (CAR) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen inflamatuar ağrılı sıçanların duysal fonksiyonları termal plantar test (hiperaljezi için), dinamik plantar estesiometre (allodini için) kullanılarak, farklı dozlarda bevacizumab’ın sistemik veya lokal anti-hipernosiseptif etkileri, pençe kütleleri ölçülerek de anti-ödem etkileri değerlendirildi. Biyokimyasal analizler için sıçan pençelerinden alınan örnekler kullanıldı.Bulgular: Kontrol olarak kullanılan sağlıklı sıçanlarda lokal (intraplantar: IPL) veya sistemik (intraperitoneal: IP) bevacizumab uygulamasının nörobiyofizik testlerde termal latans veya mekanik eşik parametrelerinde herhangi bir değişime neden olmadığı görüldü. CAR uygulaması mekanik eşik ve termal latans parametresinde düşüşlere ve pençe kütlesinde artışa neden oldu. Sonuç: Çalışmalarımızda, bevacizumab’ın özellikle sistemik uygulamalarının daha fazla anti-hiperaljezik ve anti-allodinik etkiler gösterebileceği belirlendi. CAR uygulaması sonrası ortaya çıkan hiperaljezi, ağrılı bir uyaranın kullanıldığı termal latans ölçümleriyle belirlendi. Ortaya çıkan hiperaljezi, sistemik bevacizumab tarafından etkili bir şekilde uzun süreli baskılandı.
The War on Drugs ideology in Brazil
Authors: Costa Pedro Henrique Antunes da , Mendes Kíssila Teixeira
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem como objeto a Guerra às Drogas (GD) no Brasil contemporâneo, almejando analisar as ideologias que lhe constituem, bem como seu caráter ideológico. Trata-se de um exercício teórico e analítico, resgatando produções sobre o tema num viés crítico e se baseando de pressupostos, conceitos e autores da tradição marxista. Constatamos que, ao se utilizar de ideologias, a GD é também ideológica, nos fazendo acreditar que visa combater um mal (as drogas), escondendo objetivos socioculturais, políticos e econômicos. Não se trata de mera ignorância ou projeto falido, que não deu certo frente ao seu suposto objetivo (eliminar determinadas substâncias e seu uso). Pelo contrário, é um projeto eficaz naquilo que se propõe - a manutenção da desigualdade, o controle e extermínio de parte da população -, assim como uma racionalidade bem engendrada e que se nutre de outras, oriundas da própria dinâmica social, como o antagonismo de classe e racismo estruturais.
Effects of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger scaffold applied to rat alveolar bone sockets on osteoclasts, osteoblasts and the trabecular bone area
Authors: Naini Amiyatun , Sudiana I Ketut , Rubianto Mohammad , Kresnoadi Utari , Latief Faurier Dzar Eljabbar
Published: September 2019

Background: Damage to bone tissue resulting from tooth extraction will cause alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, a material for preserving alveolar sockets capable of maintaining bone is required. Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) is a bio-ceramic material that can be used as an alternative material for alveolar socket preservation. The porous and rough surface of HAGP renders it a good medium for osteoblast cells to penetrate and attach themselves to. In general, bone mass is regulated through a remodeling process consisting of two phases, namely; bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Purpose: This research aims to identify the effects of HAGP scaffold application on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as on the width of trabecular bone area in the alveolar sockets of rats. Methods: This research used Posttest Only Control Group Design. There were three research groups, namely: a group with 2.5% HAGP scaffold, a group with 5% HAGP scaffold and a group with 10% HAGP scaffold. The number of samples in each group was six. HAGP scaffold at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% was then mixed with PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The Wistar rats were anesthetized intra-muscularly with 100 mg/ml of ketamine and 20 mg/ml of xylazine base at a ratio of 1:1 with a dose of 0.08-0.2 ml/kgBB. Extraction of the left mandibular incisor was performed before 0.1 ml preservation of HAGP scaffold + PEG material was introduced into the extraction sockets and suturing was performed. 7 days after preparation of the rat bone tissue, an Hematoxilin Eosin staining process was conducted in order that observation under a microscope could be performed. Results: There were significant differences in both the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts between the 2.5% HAGP group, the 5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group (p = 0.000). Similarly, significant differences in the width of the trabecular bone area existed between the 5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group, as well as between the 2.5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group (p=0.000). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the width of the trabecular bone area between the 2.5% HAGP group and the 5% HAGP group. Conclusion: The application of HAGP scaffold can reduce osteoclasts, increase osteoblasts and extend the trabecular area in the alveolar bone sockets of rats.
MAKING SINGLE COMPLETE DENTURES FOR THE MATERIAL WITH TUBER MAXILLA CASE LARGE
Authors: Kusdarjanti Endang , Setyowati Okti , Zseni Febriana
Published: September 2019

Background: single complete denture is complete denture where its antagonist there tooth original good in part or else entirely. Besides that on case this there bulge tuber maxilla more big of the normal size of course only will complicate at the stage of preparation of teeth and also take effect on retention, stability, and comfort. Objective: to discuss about technique manufacture single complete denture with a large tuber maxilla. Review of literature: Single complete denture is a complete denture in which the antagonistic teeth can be either partial or whole natural teeth. Whereas complete denture is a complete maxillary and mandibular denture that is used if both jaws do not have natural teeth. To get good inclination and occlusal surface can do with Swenson technique and Yurkstas technique which is use a compensating curve template to determine the occlusal views of Wilson’s curve and spee curve. Conclusion: in the making single complete denture, moment preparation tooth there difficulty because have a big maxilla and need a lot of grinding on dental elements and additions anasir second premolar teeth for get aesthetic and functional is good, too take effect to retention and stability.
THE POLITENESS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT ON TV ONE (PRAGMATIC APPROACH)
Authors: Syah Nur Aini , Djatmika D. , Sumarlam S.
Published: September 2019

This study aims to find out the types of directive speech act and politeness strategies used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TVOne. The method used in this article is descriptive method which describe the data systematically, factually, and accurately. The uninvolved conversation observation technique was used in collecting data in which this means that the present writer does not involve in the dialogues. Meanwhile, for data analysis technique, the present writer used pragmatic competence-in-dividing. The main theory of this article is the pragmatic theory of Searle’s Speech Act and Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategy. The results indicate that the types of directive speech act of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat program are to please, to request, to ask, to order, to invite, to forbid, to convince, to obligate, to show, to hope, to want, to warn, to advise, and to request. In addition, the politeness strategies are bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record. The politeness of directive speech acts supports the effectiveness of talk show because of some factors such as types of directive speech act and politeness strategy.

 Keywords: pragmatics, directive speech act, politeness strategy, talk show
Tecnologias cívicas na interface entre direito e inteligência artificial: Operação Serenata de Amor para gostosuras ou travessuras?
Authors: Nohara Irene Patrícia , Colombo Bruna Armonas
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a intersecção entre os conceitos do direito ao acesso à informação pública, governo eletrônico e transparência pública como insumos necessários ao estabelecimento de uma cidadania atuante capaz de exercer ativamente o controle social. Para tanto, analisa o case “Operação Serenata de Amor”, que promoveu o uso de tecnologias cívicas, notadamente a inteligência artificial, para trazer à luz informações licitamente divulgadas, porém escondidas do grande público, no que diz respeito a utilização da Cota para o Exercício da Atividade de Parlamentar. Espera-se, a partir do estudo de caso, demonstrar que não basta a disponibilização da informação, mas, para o controle social da res publica operar de forma mais efetiva, faz-se necessário alinhar as potencialidades do governo eletrônico com os recursos de inteligência artificial, divulgação e programação estratégica.
Do Clerkship Schemes effectively improve Pharmacy Students’ Understanding of and Attitudes Regarding Pharmaceutical Care?——A pre-post Study in China Pharmaceutical University
Authors: Huang Yuankai , Yao Dongning , Zhang WeiWei , Wang Yitao , Yao Wenbing
Published: September 2019

Background Clerkship is potentially an effective measure of improving the pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care. This research aimed to validate whether clerkship schemes in China effectively improve pharmacy students’ understanding of and attitudes toward PC, and discuss on how to improve the clerkship schemes for better quality.
Methods A pre-post and self-administrated questionnaire survey among three continuous years of students was conducted to measure Chinese fifth-year clinical pharmacy students’ differences in understanding of pharmaceutical care and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care before and after their clerkship schemes. Statistical analysis was conducted on the retrieved data.
Results 602 respondents completed the post-part survey (drop rate= 1.8%). Correct rates of all statements regarding students’ understanding of pharmaceutical care were generally increased, but the rates of respondents holding correct understanding of the primary goal of pharmaceutical care (71.9% to 85.0%), the necessity of drug information support in pharmaceutical care (77.1% to 87.5%) and the patients’ role and duty when receiving pharmaceutical care (66.1% to 70.6%) were unsatisfactory before the clerkship and the improvement was not significant. Most statements regarding students’ attitudes toward pharmaceutical care were improved in general. However, rates of respondents holding negative attitudes toward students performing pharmaceutical care during their clerkship (3.7% to 7.5%) and choosing pharmaceutical care provider as their career after clerkship schemes (10.8% to 14.8%) had increased after the clerkship schemes.
Conclusion Clerkship generally improves clinical pharmacy students' understanding of and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care, yet adjustments are also required in some contents of the clerkship for further improvements in its outcomes.
Braden Scale for Assessing Pneumonia After Acute Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Ding Yunlong , Yan Yazhou , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yanrong , Gu Zhiqun , Tang Ping , Liu Yan
Published: September 2019

Background

The prevention of pneumonia is critical for patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). The six subscales in the Braden Scale seem to be related to the occurrence of pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the Braden Scale to predict the occurrence of pneumonia after AIS.Methods

We studied a series of consecutive patients with AIS who were admitted to the hospital. The cohort was subdivided into pneumonia and no pneumonia groups. The scores on the Braden Scale, demographic characteristics and clinical characteristics were obtained and analysed by statistical comparisons between the two groups. We investigated the predictive validity of the Braden Scale by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results

A total of 414 patients with AIS were included in this study. Of those 414 patients, 57 (13.8%) patients fulfilled the criteria for post-stroke pneumonia. There were significant differences in age and histories of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dysphagia and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score between the two groups, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in the pneumonia group was significantly higher than that in the no pneumonia group ( P <0.01). The mean score on the Braden Scale in the pneumonia group was significantly lower than that in the no pneumonia group ( P < 0.01). The six subscale scores on the Braden Scale were all significantly different between the two groups. The area under the curve (AUC) for the Braden Scale for the prediction of pneumonia after AIS was 0.883 (95% CI = 0.828-0.937). With 18 points as the cutoff point, the sensitivity was 83.2%, and the specificity was 84.2%.Conclusion

The Braden Scale with 18 points as the cutoff point is likely a valid clinical grading scale for predicting pneumonia after AIS at presentation. Further studies on the association of the Braden Scale score with stroke outcomes are needed.
Repeated High Blood Pressure At 6 And 11 Years At The Pelotas 2004 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Guttier Marilia Cruz , Barcelos Raquel Siqueira , Ferreira Rodrigo Wiltgen , Bortolotto Caroline Cardozo , Dartora William , Schmidt Mari Inês , Matijasevich Alicia , Tovo-Rodrigues Luciana , Santos Iná S.
Published: September 2019

Background: We evaluated the prevalence and the factors associated with repeated high systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 6- and 11-year follow-ups of children from the Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort.
Methods: All live births to mothers living in the urban area of Pelotas were enrolled in the cohort. Blood pressure (BP) values were transformed into Z-scores by sex, age, and height. High SBP and DBP were defined as repeated systolic and diastolic BP Z-scores on the ≥95 th percentile at the two follow-ups. Prevalence (95% confidence interval) of repeated high SBP, DBP, and both (SDBP) were calculated. Associations with maternal and child characteristics were explored in crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses. Results: A total of 3,182 cohort participants were analyzed. Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP and SDBP was 1.7% (1.2-2.1%), 2.3% (1.8-2.9%) and 1.2% (0.9-1.6%), respectively. Repeated high SBP was associated with males, gestational diabetes mellitus (2.92; 1.13-7.58) and obesity at 11 years (2.44; 1.29-4.59); while repeated high DBP was associated with females, family history of hypertension from both sides (3.95; 1.59-9.85) and gestational age <34 weeks (4.08; 1.52-10.96). Repeated high SDBP was not associated with any of the characteristics investigated . Conclusion: Prevalence of repeated high SBP, DBP, and SDBP were within the expected distribution at the population level. Nonetheless, gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, family history of hypertension, and prematurity increased the risk of repeated high blood pressure measured at two occasions five years apart.
Surgical Configurations of the Pectoralis Major flap for Reconstruction of Sternoclavicular Defects: A Systematic Review and New Classification of Described Techniques
Authors: Opoku-Agyeman Jude , Matera David , Simone Jamee
Published: September 2019

Objectives : The pectoralis major flap has been considered the workhorse flap for chest and sternoclavicular defect reconstruction. There have been many configurations of the pectoralis major flap reported in the literature for use in reconstruction sternoclavicular defects either involving bone, soft tissue elements, or both. This study reviews the different configurations of the pectoralis major flap for sternoclavicular defect reconstruction and provides the first ever classification for these techniques. We also provide an algorithm for the selection of these flap variants for sternoclavicular defect reconstruction
Methods : EMBASE, Cochrane library, Ovid medicine and PubMed databases were searched from its inception to August of 2019. We included all studies describing surgical management of sternoclavicular defects. The studies were reviewed, and the different configurations of the pectoralis major flap used for sternoclavicular defect reconstruction were cataloged. We then proposed a new classification system for these procedures.
Results : The study included 6 articles published in the English language that provided a descriptive procedure for the use of pectoralis major flap in the reconstruction of sternoclavicular defects. The procedures were classified into three broad categories. In Type 1, the whole pectoris muscle is used. In Type 2, the pectoralis muscle is split and either advanced medially (type 2a) or rotated (type 2b) to fill the defect. In type 3, the clavicular portion of the pectoralis is islandized on a pedicle, either the thoracoacromial artery (type 3a) or the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery (type 3b).
Conclusion: There are multiple configurations of the pectoralis flap reported in the English language literature for the reconstruction of sternoclavicular defects . Our classification system, The Opoku Classification will help surgeons select the appropriate configuration of the pectoralis major flap for sternoclavicular joint defect reconstruction based on size of defect, the status of the vascular anatomy, and acceptability of upper extremity disability. It will also help facilitate communication when describing the different configurations of the pectoralis major flap for reconstruction of sternoclavicular joint defects.
Accumulate evidence for IP-10 in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Qiu Xia , Xiong Tao , Su Xiaojuan , Qu Yi , Ge Long , Yue Yan , Zeng Yan , Li Wenxing , Hu Peng , Mu Dezhi
Published: September 2019

Backgrounds: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a major health and economic burden. Accurate PTB detection is an important step to eliminating TB globally. I nterferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) has been reported as a potential diagnostic marker for PTB since 2007. In this study, a meta-analysis approach was used to assess diagnostic value of IP-10 for PTB.
Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for studies published in English up to February 2019. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), the area under the curve (AUC) and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve were estimated by the HSROC model and random effect model.
Results: Eighteen studies including 2836 total participants met our inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of IP-10 for PTB detection were 86%, 88%, 7.00, and 0.16, respectively. The pooled DOR was 43.01, indicating a very powerful discriminatory ability of IP-10. The AUC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95), showed the accuracy of IP-10 was good. Meta-regression showed that there was no heterogeneity with respect to TB burden, study design type, age, IP-10 assay method, IP-10 condition and HIV-infection status.
Conclusions: Our results showed that IP-10 is a promising marker for differentiating PTB from non-TB.
Vasculogenic mimicry as a poor diagnostic and prognostic indicator in patients with malignant‎ melanoma: A ‎systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhenhua , Imani Saber , Shasaltaneh Marzieh Dehghan , Hosseinifard Hossein , Linglin Zou , Fan Yu , Wen QingLian
Published: September 2019

Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a brand-new tumor microvascular model of non-endothelial cells, has been proposed as an important therapeutic target in malignant melanoma (MM). We performed a systematic review to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of VM for overall survival of MM patients.
Methods: Using QUADAS-2 tool, the quality of the included studies was evaluated. Diagnostic capacity of VM variables were pooled by Meta-Disc software in term of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC).
Results: A retrospective observational study was conducted based on ‎ten studies including 978 clinically melanoma patients with proportion (P). VM+ melanoma cells were associated with poor prognosis in 38% of MM group (P = 0.35, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-0.42, p-value < 0.001 ). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66-0.71), respectively. Furthermore, the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 2.56 (95% CI: 1.94-3.93), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07-0.42), and 17.75 (95% CI: 5.30-59.44), respectively. Also, the AUC of SROC was 0.63, indicating high conserving of VM as a biomarker‎. Importantly, subgroup results suggested that VM+ tumor was a significantly accurate prognostic biomarker when diagnosed by CD31-/PAS+ staining methods in Asian MM samples ( p-value < 0.001 ).
Conclusions: Our findings support the potential of VM+ tumor as a promising prognostic biomarker and emphasize on an effective adjuvant therapeutic strategy in prognosis of Asian MM patients..
RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY OF PATIENTS WITH CEFTRIAXONE RESISTANT E. COLI BACTEREMIA RECEIVING CARBAPENEM VERSUS BETA LACTAM/BETA LACTAMASE INHIBITOR THERAPY
Authors: Nasir Nosheen , Ahmed Sara , Razi Samrah , Awan Safia , Mahmood Faisal
Published: September 2019

Objective:
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae predominantly E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia have limited treatment options and high mortality. The objective was to determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality particularly treatment with Carbapenem versus Beta lactam/beta lactamase combination (BL/BLI) in patients with Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients with sepsis and monomicrobial Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia were enrolled. Factors associated with mortality in patients were determined using logistic regression analysis.
Results:
Mortality rate was 37% in those empirically treated with carbapenem compared to 20% treated with BL/BLI combination therapy (p-value: 0.012) and was 21% in those treated with a carbapenem compared to 13% in patients definitively treated with BL/BLI combination therapy (p-value: 0.152). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only Pitt bacteremia score of ≥ four was significantly associated with mortality (OR: 7.7 CI: 2.6-22.8) while a urinary source of bacteremia was protective (OR: 0.26 CI: 0.11-0.58).
In-hospital mortality in patients with Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia did not differ in patients treated with either a carbapenem or BL/BLI combination. However, Pitt bacteremia score of ≥ 4 was strongly associated with mortality.
Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Associated Factors among Adult Tuberculosis Patients Attending Public Health Institutions in Dire Dawa and Harar Cities, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ayana Tegegn Mulatu , Roba Kedir Teji , Mabalhin Myrla Obejero
Published: September 2019

Background
In developing countries the prevalence of psychological distress was higher among tuberculosis patients. Patients with tuberculosis infection were more prone to psychological distress than peoples without tuberculosis. However, little studies were conducted in on psychological distress among tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia, particularly in Eastern Ethiopian public health institution.
Methods
Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted. Based on the TB burden, four hospitals and six health centers were selected from Dire Dawa and Harar cities. Socio-demographic factors, psychological distress, TB related stigma experience, and alcohol use data were collected by face to face interview while TB and HIV related variables collected from TB registration book. All TB patients from the first month of TB treatment initiation through 6 were consecutively interviewed by trained data collectors from January to February 2018. The collected data were entered into Epi Data Version 3.1 software and exported into SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression was carried out. All variables with P-value ≤ 0.25 were taken into the multivariate model. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were estimated, and variables with P-value less than 0.05 in the final model were taken as significant predictors of psychological distress. distress.
Results
The prevalence of psychological distress among tuberculosis in this study population was 63.3% (95% CI: 58.1, 68.1). Being from rural residence (AOR: 1. 98; 95% CI: 1.01,3.86), co-infection TB- HIV (AOR: 2.15; 95% CI:1.02, 4.56), presence of at least one chronic disease (AOR:3.04; 95% CI:1.59,5.79), experience of stigma (AOR: 1.71; 95% CI:1.01, 2.90), Pulmonary and MDR-TB (AOR:2.53; 95% CI:1.50,4.28) and smoking cigarette (AOR:2.53; 95% CI:1.06,6.03) were associated with psychological distress.
Conclusion
In this study, almost two-thirds of the tuberculosis patients had psychological distress. Chronic disease morbidity, HIV-TB co-infection and experienced TB related stigma were associated with psychological distress. Attention should be given to chronic diseases including HIV/AIDS diagnosis and referring to chronic disease units to prevent the impact on mental health. Consideration should be given for psychological distress and linking moderate to severe form of the disease to the Psychiatric clinics to hinder its effects.
Evaluating Overall Survival and Competing Risks of Survival in Patients With Early Stage Breast Cancer Using a Comprehensive Nomogram
Authors: Xu Yanbo , Liu Hong , Cao Qi-Hua , Ji Jia-Li , Dong Rong-Rong , Xu Dong
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPatients with early stage breast cancer (BC) live long but accompany with competing comorbidities. This study aims to estimate the impact of cancer and non-cancer causes of death in early stage BC patients, and further quantify the survival differences. MethodsPatients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2016 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were enrolled in the study. Cumulative incidence function (CIF) for cause-specific death and other causes of death were estimated, and the differences were tested by Gray’s test. Nomogram for estimating 3-, 4-, and 5-year overall survival, cancer-specific survival and other-cause-specific survival was established based on Cox regression analysis and Fine and Gray’s competing risk analysis. The discriminative ability, calibration and precision of the nomogram was evaluated and compared using C statistics, calibration plots and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Results196304 eligible patients with early-stage BC patients were enrolled in this study. Prolonged overall survival (OS) was associated with younger age, well differentiation, smaller tumor size, Luminal subtype and presence of surgery ( p <0.001). For competing events, Fine and Gray's competing risk analysis was used to validate the predictors: i ncreasing age, poorer differentiation, larger tumor size, triple negative subtype, HER2 enriched subtype and absence of surgery for cancer-specific mortality (CSM); and increasing age, larger tumor size and absence of surgery for other-cause-specific mortality (OCSM). The established nomogram was well calibrated, and displayed good discrimination in both training cohort and validation cohort by calibration plots (Figure 4), with a concordance index of 0.801 (95% CI, 0.795-0.806; p =0.003) for OS prediction; 0.830 (95% CI, 0.824-0.836; p =0.003) for CSM prediction and 0.806 (95% CI, 0.798-0.814; p =0.004) for OCSM prediction. Furthermore, the AUC values for predicting survival and death were: OS, 80.2% (3-year), 79.5% (4-year), and 78.7% (5-year); CSM, 83.0% (3-year), 81.7% (4-year), and 80.3% (5-year); OCSM 81.3% (3-year), 80.8% (4-year), and 81.7% (5-year) (Figure 5). ConclusionsWe evaluated OS and CIF of cancer-specific death and other-cause-specific death in patients with early stage BC based on Cox regression analysis and Fine and Gray’s competing risk analysis and developed the first comprehensive prognostic nomogram.
Hospital contacts due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and neoplasms among seafarers compared to farmers: a Danish register-based cohort study
Authors: Herttua Kimmo , Nielsen Jesper Bo
Published: September 2019

Background Seafaring has an occupational environment with many health risks. On the other hand, regular medical examinations are mandatory to get permission for working onboard. The present study examined incidence of neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Danish seafarers compared with farmers, as a relevant land-based trade.Methods The participants were all seafarers or farmers aged 18-65 years at the baseline and residing in Denmark. Two cohorts with baselines in 2002 (n=56,216) and 2012 (n=42,000) were linked to records from Danish health registers. We calculated incident rates and the hazard ratios of hospital contacts using Cox regression models separately for men and women.Results In all disease categories, the risk for hospital contact was higher among male seafarers compared with male farmers. The adjusted hazard ratios for the 2012 cohort for neoplasms, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.58), 1.16 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.32), and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.28 to 1.78), respectively. Among female seafarers, the hazard ratio for the 2012 cohort for respiratory diseases was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.18 to 2.10), but for cardiovascular diseases 0.73 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.99). Between the 2002 and 2012 cohort, the incident rates and differences decreased in cardiovascular diseases and increased in neoplasms and respiratory diseases, particularly in men.Conclusions Findings of this register-based cohort study suggest that, regardless of mandatory and regular medical examinations, seafaring is associated with a substantially increased risk of respiratory diseases in both sexes, and neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases among men.
Setting up a nurse-led model of care for management of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in a high HIV prevalence context in rural Zimbabwe: a descriptive study
Authors: Frieden Marthe Marie , Zamba Blessing , Mukumbi Nisbert , Mafaune Patron Titsha , Makumbe Brian , Irungu Elizabeth , Moneti Virginia , Isaakidis Petros , Garone Daniela , Prasai Madhu Janina
Published: September 2019

Background In light of the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases on health systems in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, context adapted cost effective service delivery models are now required as a matter of urgency. Multiple models have thus been trialled across Africa with varying degrees of success. Zimbabwe is a low-income country with unique socio-economic challenges but similar dual disease burden of infectious chronic diseases such as HIV and non-communicable diseases. We aim to describe the experience of setting up and organising a nurse-led Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Hypertension (HTN) model of care in a rural context of a low-income country from July 2016 to June 2019.Methods A descriptive study based on a conceptual framework successfully applied in the roll-out of antiretroviral therapy in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Attempting to mirror the HIV experience, we describe the key enablers in the design and implementation of the model: decentralization of services, integration of care, simplification of management guidelines, mentoring and task-sharing, provision of affordable medicines, quality assured laboratory support, patient empowerment, a dedicated monitoring and evaluation system, and a robust referral system.Results 11 out of 51 health facilities were selected in Chipinge district, of which nine were primary health care (PHC) clinics and two were hospitals. DM/HTN services were set up and integrated into the general out-patient department or pre-existing HIV clinics. In one hospital, an integrated chronic care clinic was established. Through structured intensive mentoring, including simplified protocols, nurses in seven PHC facilities and one hospital developed sufficient knowledge and skills to diagnose, initiate treatment and monitor DM/HTN patients. Overall, more than 3000 patients were registered in a dedicated recording system and offered education. Free medication with differentiated periodic refills and regular monitoring of blood pressure and/or blood glucose with the use of glycosylated haemoglobin were provided.Conclusion Our experience shows that it is feasible to implement nurse-led decentralized integrated DM/HTN care in a high HIV prevalence rural, low-income context. Developing a context-adapted efficient model of care is a dynamic process.
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on cognitive function among non-demented African American and Latino older adults in the USA: A scoping review
Authors: Shaw Ashley , Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Valdivieso-Mora Esmeralda , McGee Jerrihlyn L. , Vaduvathiriyan Prasanna , Vidoni Eric D.
Published: September 2019

Objective African Americans and Latinos/Hispanics have a higher prevalence of dementia compared to non-Latino Whites. This scoping review aims to synthesize non-pharmaceutical interventions to delay or slow age-related cognitive decline among cognitively healthy African American and Latino older adults.Design A literature search was performed in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science between January 2000 – May 2019. Relevant cited references and grey literature were also reviewed. Four independent reviewers evaluated 1,181 abstracts, and full-article screening was subsequently performed for 145 articles. The scoping review consisted of eight studies, which were evaluated according to peer-reviewed original manuscript, non-pharmaceutical intervention, cognitive function as an outcome, separate reporting of results for African American and Latino individuals, minimum age of 40, and conducted in the United States. A total of 8 studies were considered eligible and were analyzed in the present scoping review.Results Eight studies were identified. Four studies focused on African Americans and four focused on Latino individuals. Through the analysis, results indicated cognitive training-focused interventions were effective in improving memory, executive function, reasoning, visuospatial, psychological function, and speed among African Americans. Exercise interventions were effective in improving cognition among Latino individuals.Conclusion This scoping review identified effective non-pharmaceutical interventions among African American and Latino individuals. Effective interventions focused on cognitive training alone for African Americans and exercise combined with group educational sessions for Latino individuals. Future research should explore developing culturally appropriate non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce disparities and to enhance cognition among older African American and Latino individuals.
Healthy lifestyle consultation based on traditional Chinese medicine versus routine patient education in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss after failure of systemic therapy: Study protocol for a clinical randomised trial
Authors: Fei Yingping , Zheng Yun , Lai Dan , Zhong Ping , Lu Jing-zhe , Li Gang , Liu Peng
Published: September 2019

Background: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is an important cause of deafness. Despite the advances in systemic therapy, some cases of ISSNHL are untreated, because the exact ISSNHL aetiology is unclear . Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treating diseases for thousands of years and is popular and widely practic ed in Asia. TCM includes guidance on healthy lifestyle. In recent decades, the relationship between lifestyle and disease has been emphasised. Moreover, an unhealthy lifestyle may lead to illnesses . Thus, this study aims to compare the efficacy of lifestyle modification based on TCM with the usual consultation of ISSNHL after failure of a 2 weeks systemic therapy to provide a scientific basis for clinical decisions.

Methods: This study is a clinical randomised trial that involves 56 patients diagnosed with ISSNHL but with incomplete recovery after initial management (at least 2 weeks routine Western medical treatment). The study is performed in accordance with the sudden hearing loss clinical guideline of the American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery , which is published in 2012 . Participants are randomly distributed into two groups, namely, the healthy lifestyle modification group based on TCM and the control group (1:1 ratio). Patient follow-up lasted for 3 months. The primary outcome measure is the effective rate of hearing improvement, which is defined as the proportion of patients with at least 15 dB improvement in the average thresholds by the hearing loss frequency . The secondary outcome measures are the improvements in word recognition score, tinnitus handicap inventory for tinnitus and visual analogue scale for ear blockage and dizziness. Assessments are made at baseline after lifestyle modification for 1 and 3 months.

Discussion: The efficacy of healthy lifestyle modification based on a TCM programme for patients with ISSNHL with incomplete recovery after failure of initial systemic therapy is determined in this trial. Positive results provide clinica l evidence on the effects of TCM - based healthy lifestyle, which could be recommended as salvage therapy for patients with ISSNHL.
A novel miniature transposon-like element discovered in the coding sequence of a gene that encodes for 5-formyltetrahydrofolate in wheat
Authors: Domb Katherine , Keidar-Friedman Danielle , Kashkush Khalil
Published: September 2019

Background: Transposable elements (TEs) comprise over 80% of the wheat genome and usually possess unique features for specific super-families and families. However, the role of TEs in wheat evolution and reshaping the wheat genome remains largely unclear. Results: In this study, we discovered a miniature (307 bp in length) TE-like sequence in exon 6 of a gene that encodes for 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, in two accessions of wild emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) and has interfered with the gene translation by creating a shorter reading frame as a result of a stop codon. The sequence that was termed Mariam, does not show any structural similarity to known TEs. It does not possess terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) that would allow us to assign this element to one of the TIR DNA super-families, and it does not possess characteristic features of SINE, such as a Pol-III promotor or a poly-A tail. In-silico analysis of five publicly available genome drafts of Triticum and Aegilops species revealed that Mariam element appears in a very low copy number (1- 3 insertions) in diploid wheat species and ~12 insertions in tetraploid and hexaploidy wheat species. In addition, Mariam element was found to be unique to wheat, as it was not found in other plant genomes. The dynamic nature of Mariam in the wheat genome was assessed by site-specific PCR analysis and revealed that it retained activity in wild emmer populations in a population-specific manner.
Conclusions: This study provides additional insight into the evolutionary impact of TEs in wheat.
Olmesartan Associated Enteropathy: Usefulness of Video Capsule Endoscopy in a Case With Doubtful Upper Endoscopic/Histological Picture
Authors: Abbruzzi Francesco , Loconte Ilaria , Carparelli Sonia , Ierardi Enzo , Di Leo Alfredo , Principi Mariabeatrice
Published: September 2019

Background:

Olmesartan, an antihypertensive drug, may be associated with a severe
“sprue-like enteropathy”.

Objectives:

To report a case of Olmesartan enteropathy demonstrated by video capsule endoscopy
distally from the second duodenum along with the whole small bowel before and after drug withdrawal.

Case Presentation:

A 81-years-old man was referred for asthenia, chronic watery diarrhea and anasarca
(ascites, pleural effusion and edemas of superior and inferior limb). The only comorbidity was
hypertension treated with Olmesartan. All causes of infective and inflammatory chronic diarrhea
were investigated and excluded. Upper endoscopy was normal; histological examination of the second
portion of the duodenum showed moderate and patchy infiltration of lymphocytes at mucosal
and intra-epithelial level with intermittent partial villous atrophy. The possibility of adverse drug
reaction, estimated by Naranjo scale, showed a score of 7, indicating a strong probability. Olmesartan
was then withdrawn. However, because of severe clinical general condition, we preferred to corroborate
our diagnostic work-up by a non-invasive investigation, i.e. video capsule endoscopy,
which showed jejunal and ileal mucosal alterations (mosaic pattern, diffuse hyperemia, severe edema,
consequent apparent reduced lumen, diffuse thickening of intestinal folds, multiple erosions,
patchy lymphangectasia). After 14 days, the resolution of anasarcatic state and hydroelectrolytic
imbalances was observed. Nine months later, small-bowel video-capsule demonstrated mild mucosal
hyperaemia and mosaic pattern.

Conclusions:

Our case could give new insights in the field of Olmesartan associated enteropathy by
highlighting the possibility of distally main lesion location and, therefore, the usefulness of video
capsule endoscopy in the presence of doubtful diagnostic features.
Antioxidant and Anti-Hyaluronidase Activities of Dragon Fruit Peel Extract and Kaempferol-3-O-Rutinoside
Authors: Liana Liana , Rizal Rizal , Widowati Wahyu , Fioni Fioni , Akbar Khainir , Fachrial Edy , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich
Published: September 2019

Aging is a natural process in human life and is triggered by the presence of free radicals (ROS). The use of antioxidants from natural ingredients is one of the breakthroughs to overcome aging and counteract the harmful effects caused by the free radicals. This study aimed to determine and compare the antioxidant activity of H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase inhibition of red dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) and kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside (KOR) compounds. Dragon fruit peel extract (DFPE) is obtained through extraction by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The design of this study included antioxidant and anti-aging activity assay of EKBN and KOR at the series concentration of 15.63; 31.25; 62.50; 125; 250; 500 Âµg/mL through H2O2 scavenging, as well as the DFPE and KOR hyaluronidase inhibition assay at the series concentration of 5.21; 10.42; 20.83; 41.7; 83.33; 166.67 Âµg/mL. EKBN shows that the average activity of H2O2 scavenging is lower than KOR. In addition, the IC50 values of KOR for H2O2 scavenging is lower (351.46Â±2.30ug/mL) than DFPE (409.64Â±23.17ug/mL). While, KOR also has higher values of inhibitory activity than of the DFPE. However, the IC50 value of KOR for hyaluronidase inhibition activity was 84.07Â±10.46Âµg/mL, equivalent to the IC50 value of DFPE (85.32Â±10.24Âµg/mL). The presence of antioxidant and anti-aging activity in the EKBN is probably caused by betalain and the KOR compound itself contained in red dragon fruit. The results of the paired-samples T-test on antioxidant activity and anti-aging of DFPE and KOR showed non-significant difference. Thus, DFPE has an equivalent antioxidant and anti-aging through H2O2 scavenging and hyaluronidase activity as possessed by the KOR compound.