bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A theory’s time perspectives: contributing to a theory’s inadequacy
Authors: Wheeler Christopher James
Published: July 2023

Theories can either have something to say about the future or provide foundations for making judgments about the future. In either case, however, a theory remains inadequate for obtaining insights about the future which no amount of advancements in information access and quality or methodologies can overcome. This article suggests that inadequacy persists and cannot be completely overcome because of the long-term and short-term time perspectives embedded within a theory. Using illustrative examples of time perspectives from Morgenthau’s theory of international politics, this article illustrates and analyses how long-term and short-term time perspectives within a theory delimit claims or judgments about the future made within or derived from a theory. Subsequently, readers gain insights on how to conceptualise long-term and short-term time perspectives, methods for identifying and differentiating between time perspectives within a theory and the distinct work time perspectives perform within a theory when multiple time perspectives are present.
Reconstructing neoclassical realism: a transitive approach
Authors: Vasileiadis Panos
Published: July 2023

Neoclassical Realism’s (NCR) theoretical relevance is on the line. The structural realist variant of the paradigm, tasked to explain why states react inefficiently to systemic stimuli is threatened with triviality by being assigned to explain a few cases of deviance. This is given the usual lack of ability on the part of those stimuli to point to a single optimal state response. In acknowledgement of the permissiveness of systemic stimuli, a second generation of NCR scholarship has proposed the development of a general theory of explaining foreign policy as the joint result of the limits imposed by them and the function of non-systemic factors – ideas and domestic politics – in selecting outcomes from within those limits. But this endeavour has been charged with the ‘crime’ of striping NCR of its theoretical distinctiveness, based on the argument that both types of causes are prima facie symmetrical. Accepting the view that NCR faces such an impasse, this article points towards a third pathway, termed transitive NCR. What is proposed under the latter is the longitudinal study of policy trends and patterns as the outcome of the transitive interplay between systemic and non-systemic factors; that is, the careful study of the ways in which systemic factors activate a number of non-systemic causal mechanisms, leading to the explained trends and patterns. In this way, the paradigm acquires distinctiveness and sufficient explanatory breadth while building bridges with other paradigms committed to the multicausal study of long-time periods.
The moderated mediation role of the extension in the relationship between union density and bargaining coverage
Authors: Görmüş Ayhan
Published: July 2023

In some developed countries with lower union density, bargaining coverage becomes almost universal through the extension of a collective agreement beyond union members to non-unionised employees. However, such extensions are criticised for creating a negative incentive for union membership, undermining the independence of unions vis-a-vis the state and distorting competition in the market. The current study presents a moderated mediation analysis to examine the relationship between union density and bargaining coverage through the bargaining level, using data from the OECD/AIAS’s ICTWSS. Empirical results confirm that the extension has a positive moderated mediation impact on the link between union density and bargaining coverage with an indirect effect of bargaining level. Also, the conditional direct effect of the extension negatively interacts with the association between union density and bargaining coverage, while the conditional indirect effect of the extension positively moderates their relationship through the centralised bargaining level.
Book review: Philippe Cullet, Sujith Koonan and Lovleen Bhullar (Eds), The Right to Sanitation in India: Critical Perspectives
Authors: Swaroop Kanthi
Published: July 2023

Philippe Cullet, Sujith Koonan and Lovleen Bhullar (Eds), The Right to Sanitation in India: Critical Perspectives (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2019), xxvi + 435 pp.
Book review: Kudret Bulbul, Md. Nazmul Islam & Md. Sajid Khan (Eds), Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Myanmar: Ethnic Conflict and Resolution
Authors: Ali Md Niamot
Published: July 2023

Kudret Bulbul, Md. Nazmul Islam & Md. Sajid Khan (Eds), Rohingya Refugee Crisis in Myanmar: Ethnic Conflict and Resolution (Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022), 450 pp.
Book review: Vivek Chhibber, Confronting Capitalism: How the World Works and How to Change It
Authors: Lone Shahid Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Vivek Chhibber, Confronting Capitalism: How the World Works and How to Change It (London: Verso, 2022), ix + 176 pp.
‘Life became slow down’: A descriptive qualitative study of the experiences of cancer-related fatigue amongst people with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Li Huiyuan , Ng Marques Shek Nam , Jin Xiaohuan , Wong Cho Lee
Published: July 2023

Background:

Cancer-related fatigue is a complex multidimensional concept. However, little is known about the experience of cancer-related fatigue in people with advanced lung cancer. How they emotionally react to and cope with the experience of cancer-related fatigue according to cultural influences has not been extensively explored.

Aim:

To explore the experience of cancer-related fatigue, its impacts and emotional reactions to and coping strategies for cancer-related fatigue amongst people with advanced lung cancer in China.

Design:

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive qualitative study with face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using content analysis.

Setting/participants:

Twenty-one people with advanced lung cancer who experienced cancer-related fatigue were recruited in a hospital setting.

Results:

Four themes were identified: multifaceted experiences of cancer-related fatigue, impacts of cancer-related fatigue, negative perceptions of cancer-related fatigue and avoiding cancer-related fatigue. The multifaceted experience of cancer-related fatigue had physical, psychological and social impacts along the cancer trajectory. Informants regarded it as a sign of a ‘bad ending’, searched for root causes and had negative attitudes towards role changes. Avoiding coping strategies included not discussing cancer-related fatigue, refusing encouragement and support, hiding feelings, withdrawing from social life and attempting to control cancer-related fatigue.

Conclusion:

The findings provide insights into the lack of flexibility of people with advanced lung cancer to adapt to the multidimensional experience of cancer-related fatigue. The reactions and coping towards cancer-related fatigue are profoundly influenced by Chinese culture. Developing psychological interventions based on the cultural background are highly recommended to cultivate the ability to cope flexibly with stressful events and live a meaningful cancer life.
Psilocybin’s effects on cognition and creativity: A scoping review
Authors: Bonnieux Justin N , VanderZwaag Baeleigh , Premji Zahra , Garcia-Romeu Albert , Garcia-Barrera Mauricio A
Published: July 2023

Background:

Research on psilocybin has become increasingly popular during the current psychedelic renaissance, which began in the early 1990s. Psilocybin’s effects on mental health are promising and there are ongoing efforts to investigate its clinical implementation and its effects on cognition.

Aims:

The purpose of this study is to report trends in publications, methods, and findings from research examining the effects of psilocybin on cognition and creativity in adults.

Methods:

We conducted an Open Science Framework preregistered scoping review, guided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, on literature pertaining to psilocybin’s effects on cognition and creativity.

Results/outcomes:

In the 42 included studies, psilocybin was primarily administered orally (83%) in a bodyweight-adjusted manner (74%) to healthy participants (90%). Of the few studies that explicitly reported safety outcomes (26%), only one reported serious adverse reactions. During the acute phase post-intake (i.e., minutes to hours), macrodoses tended to impair cognitive performance and creativity, whereas microdoses tended toward creative enhancement. The few macrodosing studies that included post-acute measures (i.e., 1–85 days) reported primarily null but some positive effects.

Conclusions/interpretation:

This scoping review identified a time-based variation of psilocybin macrodosing effects on cognition and creativity, in which impairment may be observed early post-intake but withdraw over time, and some positive effects may emerge afterward. These findings are limited by methodological concerns and inadequate assessment of long-term effects. We therefore recommend that future psilocybin research be conducted according to existing guidelines and include well-validated measures of cognition and creativity at multiple timepoints.
Butacote: A Six-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Gastric Intolerance to other Medications
Authors: Cardoe N , Fowler P D
Published: July 2023

A double-blind study in thirty patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed no difference in the effectiveness of Butazolidin and Butacote. A two-year open study in 103 patients, most with gastric intolerance to anti-rheumatic drugs, demonstrated that the majority were able to tolerate Butacote, that side-effects were likely to occur early, but that patients with peptic ulceration did not do well.

Forty patients who were still taking Butacote at the end of the two-year study are reviewed after a treatment period of more than six years. Seven are still on treatment and eleven were able to stop because the disease went into remission. In nine patients a change of treatment was needed because symptoms were not controlled, but this was only after prolonged periods of treatment with Butacote, all but one for more than three years. Eight patients developed gastro-intestinal upset, but tolerated this for long periods before changing treatment. Only one had gastro-intestinal bleeding, and this was from a hiatus hernia. There were no significant haematological abnormalities.

From the total of 103 patients with rhematoid arthritis, mainly selected because of gastro-intestinal intolerance to other drugs, only nineteen had to stop treatment because of gastro-intestinal upset. Thirty-three changed treatment because of unsatisfactory therapeutic effect, but, over a long period of treatment, sixteen patients were able to continue treatment until the disease went into remission, and a further seven patients are still on treatment, with satisfactory tolerance and symptom control, the longest having been on treatment for more than eight years.

In view of the particular problems of long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, particularly in patients with known gastric intolerance, this is considered to be a significant and highly satisfactory response.
A Controlled Comparative Trial of Butacote and Fenclofenac in the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Thompson M , Akyol M S
Published: July 2023

A double-blind crossover trial of fenclofenac was undertaken to compare the short-term effects of phenylbutazone (Butacote) therapy with fenclofenac therapy (1200 mg daily) in 23 patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis. The patients were randomly allocated to each of the test drugs for a period of two weeks, following wash-out periods of paracetamol for four days. The results favoured Butacote therapy in a dosage of 300 mg daily in the expressed preferences of both the patients and the physicians conducting the trial. Butacote was also better tolerated, as no severe side-effects occurred during treatment, whereas five patients developed a widespread rash during the period of fenclofenac therapy. No significant differences were seen between the two drugs in terms of clinical measurements of pain, morning stiffness, spinal movements, chest expansion, and abduction of the hips. Butacote was shown to cause some significant depletion of haemoglobin level, probably due to water retention, and Butacote also reduced the serum urate level to a significant degree.
A Struggle for Hegemonic Feminisation in Six Feminist Foreign Policies Or, How Social Hierarchies Work in World Politics
Authors: Zhukova Ekatherina
Published: July 2023

This article looks at how six states that adopted feminist foreign policies (FFPs) – Sweden, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Mexico and Spain – relate to each other, using an analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with diplomats and public officials from the six states. It connects the literature on social hierarchies in world politics with scholarship on identities in foreign policy and on masculinities in global politics, concluding that FFPs do not create solidarity but instead lead adopting states to engage in competition with each other. The article develops a concept of hegemonic feminisation to argue that competition between FFP states becomes possible because these states symbolically rank and evaluate each other based on their perceived performance on gender equality. More specifically, it is demonstrated that ranking and evaluation takes place through references to each state’s progress on gender equality before and after the adoption of FFP and to geographies of progress at home and abroad. The article argues that while this stratification of states leads to the emergence of multiple versions of hegemonic feminisation, these versions reproduce the civilisational distinctions between the Global North and the Global South. It concludes with the implications of hegemonic feminisation for the possibility of states becoming feminist.

Une lutte pour la féminisation hégémonique dans six politiques étrangères féministes: Ou comment les hiérarchies sociales fonctionnent dans la politique mondiale
Predictors of General Deviance in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Paat Yok-Fong , Hope Trina L. , Zamora Hector , Hernandez Eddie
Published: July 2023

This study examined predictors of individual general deviance (i.e., substance use, risk-taking, property crime, and interpersonal conflict/violence) within the context of COVID-19, focusing on the role of prior deviance, opportunities for crime, and levels of COVID-19- related stress. Our study showed that while some predictors relating to opportunity and strain were predictive of general deviance during the pandemic, few maintained statistical significance once controls for deviant behavior before the pandemic were included in the analyses, indicating the importance of within-individual behavioral stability over time. Further, respondents who participated in deviance prior to the pandemic were more likely to engage in other forms of criminal and high-risk activities during the pandemic. The close connections between criminal and high-risk behavior may imply that even if overall crime rates decreased during the pandemic, within-person behavioral patterns remained stable.
Outcomes Following Combined Posterior Labral and SLAP Repair in Military Patients Younger Than 35 Years
Authors: Green Clare K. , Scanaliato John P. , Sandler Alexis B. , Czajkowski Hunter , Childs Benjamin R. , Fink Walter A. , Dunn John C. , Parnes Nata
Published: July 2023

Background:

Members of the military are known to experience disproportionately high rates of both glenohumeral instability and superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears when compared with civilian populations. Although the outcomes after simultaneous repair of Bankart and SLAP lesions have been well described, there is a paucity of literature available regarding the operative management of posterior instability with concomitant superior labral pathology.

Purpose:

To compare outcomes of combined arthroscopic posterior labral and SLAP repair with those of isolated posterior labral repair.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All consecutive patients younger than 35 years who underwent arthroscopic posterior labral repair from January 2011 to December 2016 with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were identified. From this cohort of eligible patients, all individuals who had undergone combined SLAP and posterior labral repair (SLAP cohort) versus posterior labral repair alone (instability cohort) were then identified. Outcome measures including the visual analog scale score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Rowe instability score, and range of motion were collected pre- and postoperatively and scores were compared between groups.

Results:

In total, 83 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. All patients were active-duty military at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up was 93.79 ± 18.06 months in the instability group and 91.24 ± 18.02 months in the SLAP group ( P = .5228). Preoperative SANE and ASES scores were significantly worse in the SLAP group. Both groups experienced statistically significant improvements in outcome scores postoperatively ( P < .0001 for all), and there were no significant differences in any outcome scores or range of motion between groups. In total, 39 patients in the instability cohort and 37 in the SLAP cohort returned to preinjury levels of work (92.86% vs 90.24%, respectively; P = .7126), and 38 instability patients and 35 SLAP patients returned to preinjury levels of sporting activity (90.48% vs 85.37%, respectively; P = .5195). Two patients in the instability group and 4 patients in the SLAP group were medically discharged from the military (4.76% vs 9.76%; P = .4326), and 2 patients in each cohort had experienced treatment failure at the final follow-up (4.76% vs 4.88%; P > .9999).

Conclusion:

Combined posterior labral and SLAP repair led to statistically and clinically significant increases in outcome scores and high rates of return to active-duty military service that did not differ significantly from the results after isolated posterior labral repair. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous repair is a viable treatment option for the management of combined lesions in active-duty military patients <35 years of age.
Examining the Effect of the Task-Technology Fit of Game Mechanisms on Learning Outcomes in Online Gamification Platforms
Authors: Wang Wei-Tsong , Kartika Sari Mega
Published: July 2023

The designs of gamification platforms are diverse and constantly evolving. Excessive use of various game mechanisms in learning platforms can distract from the learning process. However, the fit of game mechanisms is still uncertain. Thus, this study investigates the effect of achieving fit when implementing game mechanisms on learning outcomes by applying the well-known task-technology fit theory (TTF). TTF is frequently employed to improve fit between tasks to be completed and the technology applied. The findings indicate that achieving gamification fit can reduce the cognitive load of students and result in enhanced learning performance in terms of learning outcomes. Data collected from 266 participants were analyzed using the technique of the partial least squares to validate the developed research model. The findings of this study can aid educators and educational technology designers in identifying the design mechanisms and characteristics that can be used to ensure design fit on gamification platforms.
Reflection on visioning as a leadership practice
Authors: Noman Mohammad
Published: July 2023

This reflective essay argues that public school principals in China and Southeast Asia often demonstrate an inadequate understanding of their visioning responsibilities. They overlook the importance of creating a unique school vision that is tailored to their contextual requirements. Setting direction through a clear vision for the school is one of the four core leadership practices and has been extensively explored around the world. By drawing on personal reflection, this essay highlights the imperative for school principals from the regions to actively participate in developing a school vision that is contextually responsive for their school and also aligns with the guidelines of the department of education. Using three personal examples, it underscores the crucial role that visioning plays in a school's success and the indispensability of stakeholder's involvement in the visioning process.
Spreading the News: Donor Response to Disclosures About Nonprofit Fraud
Authors: Harris Erica E. , Petrovits Christine M. , Yetman Michelle Higgins
Published: July 2023

Even the most conscientious nonprofit organizations can fall victim to fraud. We examine how a nonprofit organization’s Form 990 disclosures and media coverage about an asset diversion influence subsequent donor support. Consistent with a loss in trust, we observe a decrease in donations following a diversion. This decrease is amplified when the diversion is reported in the news. We also find that donations decline more when organizations do not provide transparent disclosures and when losses are higher but only if the diversion receives media coverage. Finally, our results indicate that donors punish organizations less when they report higher recoveries and governance improvements. This study describes mechanisms though which news coverage enhances donor oversight. The media can: (a) directly inform some donors, (b) prompt some donors to obtain further information, and (c) motivate organizations to provide higher-quality disclosure.
Managerial Resourcefulness and Leadership in Small Firms During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Şahin Faruk
Published: July 2023

This study explores the influence of managerial resourcefulness (affective, intellectual and action-oriented competencies) of the owner-manager of small firms on employee outcomes, including the perception of leadership effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader. Owner-manager of small firms ( n = 49) completed a questionnaire with a managerial resourcefulness scale, and their employees ( n = 193) completed a questionnaire with the scales of perception of leadership effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader. Hierarchical linear modelling analyses were used to test the study hypotheses. The results indicated that affective and intellectual competencies are significantly and positively associated with both employee perception of leadership effectiveness and satisfaction with the leader. However, action-oriented competence is significantly and positively associated with employees’ perception of leadership effectiveness but is not related to satisfaction with leaders. The results of this study imply that management resourcefulness is a useful foundation to examine a variety of critical organizational and human outcomes.
Story-Telling, Well-Organized, or Solution-Focused Meeting? Investigation of Behavior-Based Group Profiles and Performance
Authors: Allen Joseph A. , Lehmann-Willenbrock Nale
Published: July 2023

Insights into the behavioral profile of groups during meetings help us understand why some groups outperform others on meeting and work tasks. The presented studies investigate behavior-based group profiles in meetings and their relation to group performance. A total of 101 problem-solving meetings took place in two studies in a laboratory setting; data were coded using the act4teams coding scheme and analyzed using INTERACT software. The findings indicate there are four distinct group profile clusters: story-telling, well-organized networking, solution-focused, and problem-focused profiles. These behavior-based group profiles were meaningfully and differentially linked to group performance in the context of a meeting task.
A Text-Based Measure of Transactive Memory System Strength
Authors: Kush Jonathan , Aven Brandy , Argote Linda
Published: July 2023

We develop a method to assess the three indicators of transactive memory systems (TMS)—specialization, credibility, and coordination—through computer-aided text analysis. First, human coders assessed group transcripts for phrases representative of these indicators. From those phrases, we identified words that occurred frequently to develop a dictionary of TMS indicators. In total, we analyzed 262 groups composed of 1,091 individuals. Both the human-coded and dictionary-based assessments of TMS indicators are significantly related to a popular survey-based assessment of TMS. Our approach could be used to advance understanding of TMS by analyzing it in contexts where administering surveys is not feasible.
Video Conferencing Peer Support and Rarer Forms of Dementia: An Exploration of Family Carers’ Positive Experiences
Authors: Rapley Jessica M. , Camic Paul M. , Brotherhood Emilie , Crutch Sebastian James , Harding Emma ,   on behalf of the Rare Dementia Support (RDS) Impact Study team
Published: July 2023

Little is known regarding the nuanced experiences of family carers for people living with rare dementias (PLWRD), with no known literature exploring their positive experiences of caring discussed within peer support group settings. This article explores family carers of PLWRD’s positive experiences reported in video conferencing peer support groups. Six peer support group sessions involving a total of nine participants were qualitatively analysed using thematic analysis, guided by the conceptual framework of positive aspects of caring (CFPAC) (Carbonneau et al., 2010). Six themes were identified: (1) Protecting, maintaining, enjoying and finding strength in their relationship with the PLWRD; (2) Using tools and resources in response to challenges; (3) Positive impact of interactions and others’ responses to the dementia; (4) Overcoming barriers to taking a break while maintaining their wellbeing, (5) Maintaining positive outlooks and showing psychological resilience in adversity; and (6) Attributing meaning to the caring role. This article highlights family carers of PLWRD’s positive psychological, physical and social resources, balanced against the challenges of caring and maintaining their wellbeing, and identifies ways of promoting family carers’ positive caring experiences and resources within healthcare and supportive settings.
An Exploration of How Mathematics Coaches Make Their Own Professional Learning Available to Teachers
Authors: Saclarides Evthokia S. , Kane Britnie D.
Published: July 2023

Mathematics coaches are often positioned as important mediators between district administrators and teachers regarding messages about ambitious and equitable instruction. Despite this, little research has sought to unpack the connection between what coaches learn at professional development and how they make their learning available to teachers. In this study, we partnered with one district administrator and four mathematics coaches and conducted 15 semi-structured interviews to better understand how these coaches made their professional learning available to teachers. Mathematics coaches emphasized using various structures and resources when making their professional learning available to teachers. Participants also highlighted challenges they encountered when striving to make their learning available. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Mental Health, and Unemployment: Year One of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Moore Brittanie C. , Clements Caroline , Turton Emma
Published: July 2023

We assessed the impact of mental health and participant and partner unemployment on physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV). Data were collected within 1 month of individual state Covid-19 mandates (Time I) and 2 months after mandates eased (Time II). Sexual IPV was highest when both partners were unemployed for reasons other than Covid-19 while physical IPV was highest when both partners were unemployed due to Covid-19. Physical IPV victims reported more depression and somatization at Time II than at Time I. Nonvictims did not. There were no differences in IPV prevalence during and after restrictions. Clinical and policy implications are discussed.
Differences Between High and Low Performing Police Agencies in Clearing Robberies, Aggravated Assaults, and Burglaries: Findings From an Eight-Agency Case Study
Authors: Lum Cynthia , Wellford Charles , Scott Thomas , Vovak Heather , Scherer Jacqueline A. , Goodier Michael
Published: July 2023

This eight-agency case study analyzes the characteristics of four high-and four low-performing police agencies, as measured by their long-term crime clearance rates. High and low performers were identified through a systematic assessment of 30 years of clearance rates of robberies, aggravated assaults, burglaries, and homicides for the largest 100 police departments in the United States. Researchers then conducted in-depth case studies of eight of these agencies—four of the highest and four of the lowest ranking in terms of their investigative practices. Comparisons of high-and low-performing agencies reveal differences in organizational structure; leadership and resources; selection, training, and performance review for investigators; case assignment and investigative processes; and community interactions. These findings provide direct guidance to agencies seeking to strengthen their investigative organization and practices.
Peripheral intravenous therapy infiltration/extravasation (PIVIE) risks and the potential for earlier notification of events using a novel sensor technology in a neonatal population
Authors: van Rens Matheus FPT , Vijlbrief Daniel , Braun Sophie , Hugill Kevin , van Loon Fredericus HJ , van de Hoogen Agnes
Published: July 2023

Background:

Intravenous (IV) therapy using short peripheral IV catheters (PIVC) is commonplace with neonatal patients. However, this therapy is associated with high complication rates including the leakage of infused fluids from the vasculature into the surrounding tissues; a condition referred to as, peripheral IV infiltration/extravasation (PIVIE).

Objective:

The quality improvement project aimed to identify the prevalence of known risk factors for PIVIE in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and explore the feasibility of using novel optical sensor technology to aid in earlier detection of PIVIE events.

Methods:

The plan, do, study, act (PDSA) model of quality improvement (QI) was used to provide a systematic framework to identify PIVIE risks and evaluate the potential utility of continuous PIVC monitoring using the ivWatch model 400® system. The site was provided with eight monitoring systems and consumables. Hospital staff were supported with theoretical education and bedside training about the system operations and best use practices.

Results:

In total 113 PIVIE’s (graded II–IV) were recorded from 3476 PIVCs, representing an incidence of 3.25%. Lower birth weight and gestational age were statistically significant factors for increased risk of PIVIE ( p = 0.004); all other known risk factors did not reach statistical significance. Piloting the ivWatch with 21 PIVCs using high-risk vesicant solutions over a total of 523.9 h (21.83 days) detected 11 PIVIEs (graded I–II). System sensitivity reached 100%; 11 out of 11 PIVIEs were detected by the ivWatch before clinician confirmation.

Conclusions:

Prevailing risk factors for PIVIE in the unit were comparable to those published. Continuous infusion site monitoring using the ivWatch suggests this technology offers the potential to detect PIVIE events earlier than relying on intermittent observation alone (i.e. the current standard of care). However, large-scale study with neonatal populations is required to ensure the technology is optimally configured to meet their needs.
Reflections on good practice in evaluating Violence Reduction Units: Experiences from across England and Wales
Authors: Caulfield Laura , Quigg Zara , Adams-Quackenbush Nicole , Timpson Hannah , Wilson Sophie
Published: July 2023

Internationally, interpersonal violence places huge burdens on the health, wellbeing and prosperity of society. In response to a notable increase in serious knife crime, in 2019, the UK Government awarded £35 million for the establishment of 18 Violence Reduction Units (VRUs) across England and Wales. There has been limited evaluation of community-level approaches for violence, with almost no published literature on the impact of VRUs. The article presents the approaches and experiences of two interdisciplinary teams of researchers from public health, psychology, criminology, and systems change, working as evaluators of four VRUs in England and Wales. The article describes the value of adopting a whole-system approach to evaluations, outlines good practice in evaluating VRUs, and elicits challenges to developing and embedding evaluation within complex systems.
Talking ‘Bout Better outcomes for Adolescent Depression: Youth and Caregiver Perspectives on an Integrated Care Pathway for Depression
Authors: Gajaria Amy , Greenblatt Andrea , Prebeg Matthew , Relihan Jacqueline , Peter Szatmari  , Courtney Darren B
Published: July 2023

Background

Depression is a common condition among adolescents, with rates continuing to rise. A gap exists between evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of depression and clinical practice. Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) can help address this gap, but to date no study has examined how young people and their caregivers experience ICPs and whether these pathways are an acceptable form of care. This study used focus groups with adolescents, caregivers, and service providers to examine experiences of an ICP.

Methods

Six individual interviews with service providers, four focus groups with youth, and two focus groups with caregivers were completed. Data was analyzed consistent with Braun & Clarke’s Thematic Analysis Framework within an interpretivist paradigm.

Results and Conclusion

The study demonstrated that ICPs are acceptable to youth and their caregivers and that ICPs facilitate shared decision making between youth/caregivers and care providers. Findings also indicated that youth are willing to engage with ICPs particularly when there is a trusted clinician involved who helps interpret and tailor the ICP to the young person’s experience. Further questions include how to best integrate these into the overall system and how to further tailor these pathways to support youth with diagnostic complexity and treatment resistance.
Biomimetic electrospinning for fabrication of poly(lactic acid)/graphite oxide/poly(dopamine) nanofiber membrane
Authors: Zhu Ting , Zhao Lei , Qian Manyu , Yu Danni , He Jihuan , Jiang Weiqing , Wang Jun , Wang Shuqiang
Published: July 2023

As a new preparation process of nanofibers, electrospinning technology developed by bionic spider spinning can further improve the molecular structure and mechanical properties of nanofibers, and obtain nanofibers and base membrane products with better mechanical properties. The spider spinning needs minimal energy consumption though it has a very long liquid transport tube. Because spider silk has high mechanical properties and wide industrial applications, so a kind of new biomimetic electrospinning technology which harnessed a very long spiral-needle was proposed. Then poly(lactic acid)PLA/graphite oxide(GO)/dopamine (DA) nanofiber membrane was fabricated by the new biomimetic electrospinning technology. The results showed that compared with the pure PLA nanofiber membranes, the average pore size of PLA/GO porous nanofiber membranes decreased, the total number of pores increased, and the fracture strength and elongation at break increased. At the same time, the spun nanofibers were also more uniform. The pore size distribution of nanofiber was more dense after adding DA, and the fracture strength and elongation at break of nanofiber increased, while the nanofiber was also more even. After adding DA, the fracture strength was greatly increased and the elongation at break was similar to that of pure PLA nanofiber. The nanofiber membrane was obtained after oxidative polymerization of DA into poly(dopamine) (PDA), a layer of nanofiber membrane was attached to the surface of nanofiber. The performance of PLA/GO/PDA nanofiber membranes prepared based on PLA/GO/DA nanofiber membranes was superior to that of PLA/GO/PDA nanofiber membranes prepared based on PLA/GO nanofiber membranes, and its adsorption rate after 24 h was as high as 98.81%.
Factors affecting educational leader wellbeing: Sources of stress and self-care
Authors: Doyle Fosco Sebrina L , Brown Melia A , Schussler Deborah L
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this mixed-methods research is to understand leader stressors, the impacts of stress, self-care strategies used to mitigate stress, and gender-related differences. Research Methods: School and district leaders in a suburban school district in the northeastern United States ( n = 33) completed a mixed-methods survey. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately. Data were compared and integrated, then interpreted to understand educational leaders’ experiences. Findings: Leaders reported high levels of role-related stress from external pressures, responsibilities related to managing others, interactions with families, and job-related concerns. Impacts of this stress were multifaceted and found to spill over to home. Female leaders were more likely to report stress from concern for the well-being of others and from interactions with teachers and staff. To mitigate effects of stress, leaders engaged in cognitive, emotional, occupational, spiritual, and physical self-care. Female leaders were more likely to report occupational self-care and social support seeking. Implications for Research and Practice: This research suggests that districts should invest in providing mentorship, professional learning communities, and professional development focused on well-being to support educational leaders. More research is needed on individual and school-level characteristics that may influence leader experiences of stress and engagement in self-care.
The current status of prostate cancer treatment and PSMA theranostics
Authors: Uemura Motohide , Watabe Tadashi , Hoshi Seiji , Tanji Ryo , Yaginuma Kei , Kojima Yoshiyuki
Published: July 2023

In the treatment of cancer, understanding the disease status, or accurate staging, is extremely important, and various imaging techniques are used. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, and scintigrams are commonly used for solid tumors, and advances in these technologies have improved the accuracy of diagnosis. In the clinical practice of prostate cancer, CT and bone scans have been considered especially important for detecting metastases. Nowadays, CT and bone scans are called conventional methods because positron emission tomography (PET), especially prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)/PET, is extremely sensitive in detecting metastases. Advances in functional imaging, such as PET, are advancing the diagnosis of cancer by allowing information to be added to the morphological diagnosis. Furthermore, PSMA is known to be upregulated depending on the malignancy of the prostate cancer grade and resistance to therapy. Therefore, it is often highly expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with poor prognosis, and its therapeutic application has been attempted for around two decades. PSMA theranostics refers to a type of cancer treatment that combines both diagnosis and therapy using a PSMA. The theranostic approach uses a radioactive substance attached to a molecule that targets PSMA protein on cancer cells. This molecule is injected into the patient’s bloodstream and can be used for both imaging the cancer cells with a PET scan (PSMA PET imaging) and delivering radiation directly to the cancer cells (PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy), with the aim of minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Recently, in an international phase III trial, the impact of 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy was studied in patients with advanced PSMA-positive metastatic CRPC who had previously been treated with specific inhibitors and regimens. The trial revealed that 177Lu-PSMA-617 significantly extended both progression-free survival and overall survival compared to standard care alone. Although there was a higher incidence of grade 3 or above adverse events with 177Lu-PSMA-617, it did not negatively impact the patients’ quality of life. PSMA theranostics is currently being studied and used primarily for the treatment of prostate cancer, but it has the potential to be applied to other types of cancers as well.
Economic Evaluations of mHealth Interventions for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Tornvall Ida , Kenny Danelle , Wubishet Befikadu Legesse , Russell Anthony , Menon Anish , Comans Tracy
Published: July 2023

Background:

There is plenty of evidence supporting the clinical benefits of mHealth interventions for type 2 diabetes, but despite often being promoted as cost-effective or cost-saving, there is still limited research to support such claims. The objective of this review was to summarize and critically analyze the current body of economic evaluation (EE) studies for mHealth interventions for type 2 diabetes.

Methods:

Using a comprehensive search strategy, five databases were searched for full and partial EE studies for mHealth interventions for type 2 diabetes from January 2007 to March 2022. “mHealth” was defined as any intervention that used a mobile device with cellular technology to collect and/or provide data or information for the management of type 2 diabetes. The CHEERS 2022 checklist was used to appraise the reporting of the full EEs.

Results:

Twelve studies were included in the review; nine full and three partial evaluations. Text messages smartphone applications were the most common mHealth features. The majority of interventions also included a Bluetooth-connected medical device, eg, glucose or blood pressure monitors. All studies reported their intervention to be cost-effective or cost-saving, however, most studies’ reporting were of moderate quality with a median CHEERS score of 59%.

Conclusion:

The current literature indicates that mHealth interventions for type 2 diabetes can be cost-saving or cost-effective, however, the quality of the reporting can be substantially improved. Heterogeneity makes it difficult to compare study outcomes, and the failure to report on key items leaves insufficient information for decision-makers to consider.
Young Age and Concomitant or Prior Bony Realignment Procedures are Associated with Decreased Risk of Failure of Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Knee: A Nationwide Database Study
Authors: Byrne Rory A. , Albright J. Alex , Reiad Timothy A. , Katz Luca , Cusano Joseph , Daniels Alan H. , Owens Brett D.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a restorative surgical option for large, full-thickness chondral or osteochondral defects in the knee. Variability in outcomes reporting has led to a broad range of graft survival rates. Using rate of salvage surgery following OCA as a failure metric, the purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence and risk factors for failure in a nationwide cohort.

Design

The M151Ortho PearlDiver database was queried for patients aged 20 to 59 who underwent primary OCA between 2010 and 2020. Patients with prior cartilage procedures or arthroplasty were excluded. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to characterize cumulative rate of salvage surgery, defined as any patient subsequently undergoing revision OCA, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), osteochondral autograft transfer system (OATS), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the effect of several variables on odds of salvage surgery.

Results

Around 6,391 patients met inclusion criteria. Cumulative 5-year salvage rate was 1.71%, with 68.8% in the first 2 years. Age 20 to 29 and concomitant or prior bony realignment procedures were associated with significantly decreased rate of salvage surgery (age—adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.99, P = 0.046; realignment—aOR = 0.24, 95% CI, 0.04-0.75, P = 0.046).

Conclusions

In the largest OCA cohort studied to date, less than 2% of patients required salvage surgery. Young age and bony realignment were protective. These findings suggest that OCA in the knee is a durable cartilage-restoration procedure, especially in young patients with corrected alignment.
A primer on common supplements and dietary measures used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Minhas Hadi J , Papamichael Konstantinos , Cheifetz Adam S. , Gianotti Robert J.
Published: July 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestines. The pathophysiology of IBD, namely Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex interplay between environmental, genetic, and immune factors. Physicians and patients often seek complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) as primary and supplementary treatment modalities. CAMs in IBD span a wide range of plants, herbs, pre/probiotics, and include formulations, such as cannabis, curcumin, fish oil, and De Simone Formulation. Dietary measures are also used to improve symptoms by attempting to target trigger foods and reducing inflammation. Examples include the specific carbohydrate diet, the Mediterranean diet, and a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides as well as polyols (FODMAP). We examine and review the most common complementary supplements and diets used by patients with IBD.
Basic Research Protocol: Exome Sequencing in Adults With Loin Pain Hematuria Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sharma Aditi , Lanktree Matthew B. , Liskowich Sarah , Dokouhaki Pouneh , Prasad Bhanu
Published: July 2023

Background:

Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a poorly understood clinical syndrome characterized by hematuria and either unilateral or bilateral severe kidney pain in the absence of identifiable urological disease. Loin pain hematuria syndrome imposes a significant health and economic impact with a loss of productivity and quality of life in a young population. Owing to an incomplete understanding of its pathophysiology, treatment has been limited to nonspecific pain management. Nearly 60 years after its initial description, we are no further ahead in understanding the molecular pathways involved in LPHS.

Objective:

To outline the study design for exome sequencing in adults with LPHS and their families.

Methods:

In this single-center case series, 24 patients with LPHS and 2 additional first-degree family members per participant will be recruited. DNA extracted from venous blood samples will undergo exome sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System at 100× depth and will be assessed for pathogenic variants in genes associated with hematuria (number of genes in: glomerular endothelium [n = 10] and basement membrane [n = 8]), and pain pathways (number of genes in: pain transduction [n = 17], conduction [n = 8], synaptic transmission [n = 37], and modulation [n = 27]). We will further examine identified potentially pathogenic variants that co-segregate with LPHS features among affected families.

Conclusions:

This pilot study may identify new directions for an investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying LPHS.