bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the proximate and ultimate analyses and calorific value of coal blending between torrefied biomass from coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk and Semirara coal
Authors: Lomeda-De Mesa Rose Ann P. , Soriano Allan N. , Marquez Ariziel Ruth D. , Adornado Adonis P.
Published: May 2020

Biomass is an important source of energy for the rising energy demand in the Philippines, however it is still a huge untapped resource considering that the Philippines, being an agricultural country generates a huge amount of agricultural by-products and residues. In order to simultaneously reduce the amount of agricultural wastes and improve the quality of indigenous coal reserves in the country to support increasing electricity demand, the present study blends Semirara coal, a sub-bituminuous type of coal with torrefied coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk for establishment of recommended blending ratios. Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and calorific value were determined to characterize and understand the physical conditions and coal properties during combustion. Test results showed that blending Semirara coal with torrefied coconut (C. nucifera) husk by not less than 50% by weight would generally improve its quality in terms of its combustion properties thereby making these combinations of coal and biomass advantageous.
The study progress and application of dithionite reduction technology in the treatment of environmental pollutants
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Zhuoyue , Li Ji , Fu Caixia , Zhang Xiaolei
Published: May 2020

Environmental pollution has seriously influenced the human health and ecological security. As a strong reducing agent, dithionite has been gradually drawing the attention of researchers and engineers in the environmental field. Studies had been conducted by employing dithionite to treat the pollutants such as halogenated organic compounds, oxyacid salts, and heavy metals. However, few works were focusing on the dithionite reduction, especially the dithionite detection. This report aimed to review the characteristic of dithionite including the chemical properties and detection methods. The research progressing on the treatment of environmental pollutants by the reactive species generated from dithionite was also summarised. However, ultraviolet seemed to be the only choice of the dithionite activation methods, no matter what pollutant was to be degraded. Accordingly, the research, on the development of dithionite detection and activation methods, was prospected.
Ethylendiamine (EDA) loading on MOF-5 for enhanced carbon dioxide capture applications
Authors: Asghar Aisha , Iqbal Naseem , Noor Tayyaba , Khan Junaid
Published: May 2020

Reducing carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere presents greatest challenge in controlling global climate change. Each stage of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) strategy requires specialized materials. Metal–organic framework, being highly porous and crystalline materials are captivating vast scientific attention for exploring their potential in gas adsorption applications. This research work presents an attempt to synthesis post amine modified MOF materials for enhanced carbon dioxide capture applications. Thermogravimetic studies reveal that EDA MOF-5 is far more thermally stable then MOF-5; moreover synthesis can be performed successfully with recycled solvent (DMF). Carbon dioxide adsorption studies represents better carbon dioxide capture tendency for MOF-5 and EDA MOF-5 i.e., 5 mmol/g and 3.9 mmol/g respectively at 0°C.
Application of photocatalytic oxidation process using modified TiO2/PBS biocomposite film for dye removal
Authors: Suwannahong K , Kreetachat T , Wongcharee S
Published: May 2020

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) has been applying as one of the most recognizable biopolymers for fabrication as a biocomposite film for photocatalyst in the photocatalytic oxidation process. This research, the biocomposite film,was composed of PBS and TiO2 particles, which was used as a model substrate such thyltriethoxysilane in order to modify the photo-catalytic degradation efficiency of the TiO2 embedding throughout the PBS matrix. The results found that the photocatalytic activity efficiency of the TiO2 in the degradation of black dye in wastewater from the textile industry in photoreactor had occurred on the TiO2/PBS biocomposite film at a high amount of TiO2 in the PBS matrix.The physical properties and chemical structures of developed photocatalyst biocomposite films were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–visible absorption spectra and SEM analysis. The SEM images indicated the the presence of high homogeneity of the deposition of TiO2 on the PBS matrix along with the RD patterns exhibited of anatase form. In addition, the photocatalytic results showed that the capacity of black dye removal was 40%, 32% and 18% of 100 ADMI, 300 ADMI and 500 ADMI respectively.
Inanco a local wisdom in endemic fish species conservation in lake Poso
Authors: Theophilus  , Maubu Shadiq , Jihad  , Faisal Alwi Andi
Published: May 2020

Lake Poso is one of the ancient tectonic lakes in Central Sulawesi and is also the main habitat for several species of endemic fish that can only be found in this lake including bungu Poso Mugilogobius amadi (CR) and Buntingi half-duck Adrianichthys kruyti (CR). The threat of changes in catchment areas, pollution, geological phenomena, and overfishing make these endemic fish species very difficult to find. During the implementation of the Indonesian Bird Program with the Imunitas Association, one of the activities was the creation of a semi-natural habitat for fish and other aquatic animals, namely “inanco”. This concept departs from the traditional model but with a touch of modernization that is making rocks with aisles at the bottom of the lake and stacking the wood on it so as to allow for the development and protection and habitat of fish, Sogili (eels) and other aquatic animals and plants. This Inanco is made at a depth of 3-5 meters in a lake with good sunlight intensity and penetrates the bottom of the lake in accordance with hereditary knowledge. This concept was made for the preservation of Adrianichthys kruyti bunting fish, Bungu Mugilogobius sarasinorum, and several small fish species, shrimp and crabs and even snails. As a result, one of the species that is rarely found, Bungu Mugilogobius sarasinorum, is now beginning to be encountered frequently in Inanco locations around the mouth of the Meko and Salukai estuaries on the shores of Lake Poso. Further observation is needed on the impact of “Inanco” practices on endemic fish species in Lake Poso and the importance of identifying local wisdom for the conservation and conservation of endemic fish species in Lake Poso.
Impact of credit on agriculture and industrial processing
Authors: Anwar A I , Kurniaty  , Nurlita A , A K Fil’ardy Y
Published: May 2020

The study aims to analyze the impact of credit on GRDP in the potential economic sector in South Sulawesi Province, which was carried out with two research methods, namely the panel data linier regression method and simple linier regression. Sector credit data refers to the classification of economic sectors which have contributed to the largest GRDP. The data used is panel data from 2008 to 2017 in the Province of South Sulawesi. The results the study state that in general the potential economic sector credit has no significant effect on the GRDP of potential economic sectors in South Sulawesi Province. The increase or decrease in credit does not significantly influence the increase or decrease in the GRDP of potential economic sectors. However, this does not apply if partially analyzed between potential economic sector loans and potential economic sector GRDP in South Sulawesi Province from 2008 to 2017. Shows that the effect of credit on the GRDP of the four potential economic sectors (agriculture; industrial processing; trade; construction) each has a positive and significant effect. This shows that the banking sector in South Sulawesi Province in distributing loans is partially partial depending on the characteristics of banks in lending or in this case the bank does not specifically classify potential economic sectors or potential economic sectors in lending.
Biological analysis of adult rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus bloch, 1787) in seagrass and coral reef ecosystems at laikang bay, takalar regency
Authors: Parawansa B S , Ali S A , Nessa N , Rappe R A , Indar Y N
Published: May 2020

The rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a fish which has a high economic value also became one of the most popular types of fish consumed by the Takalar people up to Makassar City. The high market demand makes the effort to catch fishermen become greater so that the pressure on this species also becomes greater. therefore this research is needed to provide information in the preparation of comprehensive and systematic management strategies by policy makers to maintain the sustainability and sustainability of Siganus guttatus resources in the waters. The scope of this research includes information on rabbitfish habitat, abundance, feeding habits, sex ratio, and gonad maturity level (GML), as well as to compare the distribution pattern, gut content and GML in seagrass and coral reef ecosystems. This research was carried out from March to June 2017 in Laikang Bay, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Rabbitfish samples (N = 336) were collected, comprising 293 males and 43 females with the size ranges of 11.2 – 35.9 cm and 8.4 – 35.4 cm, respectively. GML ranged from I – V. The GML in coral reef ecosystem was generally higher than in seagrass. The GML and number of individuals from the coral reef ecosystem were: GML I (133 fish), GML II (84 fish), GML III (30 fish), GML IV (12 fish), GML V (8 fish); whereas from seagrass ecosystem, GML I (12 fish), GML II (11 fish), GML III (2 fish). Gut content analysis found 36 phytoplankton species; the taxa comprising the highest percentages were Thallassiothrix sp. (69.24%) in the coral reef ecosystem and Oscillatoria sp. (26.34 %) in seagrass.
Cultivation of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) doty ex silva using tissue–cultured seedlings in encircling tank culture system
Authors: Cahyani H , Hardianti  , Kurnia D P , Aslan L O M
Published: May 2020

The seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii, is the most widely cultivated commodity in Indonesia. The problem currently faced is seedling availability due annual seasonal variations such as heavy flooding This paper presents a study aimed at solving seedling scarcity: the first based on cultivating tissue-cultured seedlings in encircling tanks. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different initial weight on growth and carrageenan yield of K. alvarezii using tissue – cultured seedlings. This research was conducted from March to June 2019 in the Shrimp Hatchery, Kendari, Indonesia. This study applied three treatments based on different initial weight and five replications. The treatments were 5g, B: 10g and 15 g initial weights (IW). The results showed that the daily growth rate (DGR) of all treatments tended not to differ significantly but the DGR of 5-g IW tended to be higher than those of the other two treatments. The means of DGR were 3.76±0.54%/day, 3.30±0.46%/day, and 2.84±0.27%/day for 5-, 10-, and 15-g IW, respectively. Healthy rates of all treatments were 90.28%, 94.45% and 87.47% for 5-, 10- and 15-g IW. The ratio of fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW of 5-, 10-, and 15-g IW were 9.51:1, 9.54:1, and 9.56:1, respectively. The ratio showed no significant differences among treatments. Furthermore, for carrageenan yield, 15-g IW treatment showed the highest yield (37.05±2.18%), but had no significant differences from the other two treatments. Furthermore, all water quality parameters, temperature, salinity, DO, pH, nitrat, phosphate and turbidity were within the normal range for cultivating the seedlings. In conclusion, 5-g initial weight is a prominent weight suitable to be used in cultivating the seedlings in the encircling tank.
Effect of double rows plant system on plant growth, yield components and grain yield in prolific and non-prolific hybrid maize
Authors: Alimuddin S , Musa Y , Azrai M , Asrul L
Published: May 2020

Double row plant systems in corn plants theoretically can improve the efficiency of light interception in leaves, but their effect on grain yields is not consistent in each hybrid type. This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia (Balitsereal) Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. This study aimed to evaluate the response of yields of prolific and nonprolific hybrid corn types to the double row and single row planting systems. Experimental design using Randomized Group Design in divided plot design that was carried out with three replications. The main plot was variety Nasa-29, Bisi-2 (prolific), Bima-19 (nonprolific), while subplot was a double row and single row. The double row planting system did not have a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area index (ILD), but a significant positive effect was found on the number of grains per row of ears, number of ears per plant, and percentage of the weight of the second ear’s grains to the total yield and grain yield. In this study, the significant effect of double rows on each variety tested was not seen on all parameters tested. The double row planting system significantly increases the grain yield and the grain yield was consistent with the increase in the number of ear rows, the number of ear per plant and the percentage of grain weight of the second ears on yield, but not on plant height. The leaf area index achieved in this study may be one of the determinants of increased grain yield. A double row system can be considered as an alternative planting system, especially in the type of prolific hybrid corn to increase the contribution of two ears to grain yield.
Structural model design of the role of institutions in the development of cayenne agribusiness systems
Authors: Sutrisno A , Arsyad M , Rayhana  , Khaerunnisa  , Sulistyo A , Inten S , Nurlela  , Zulhafandi  , Rahajeng G Y , Adi A
Published: May 2020

The strategy of developing sustainable vegetable commodity in the future is not only directed at efforts to develop production in accordance with needs but strengthening institutional farmers is an important part to consider. The study aims to design a structural model of the role of institutions in the development of cayenne agribusiness systems. The study was conducted in Tarakan City, North Kalimantan as a small island of border area. Data collection is done by qualitative method. Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) data analysis techniques is used to analyze data or information about institutions that play a role in the development of cayenne agribusiness systems and structural models of the role of institutions in developing cayenne agribusiness systems. The results showed that, the structural model of the institution’s role in the development of the cayenne agribusiness system is based on key actors including the cooperative and SMEs, and the agricultural technology assessment center.
Selecting livelihood model of community in North Tuppabiring District, Pangkep Regency
Authors: Fakhriyyah Sitti , Harahab Nuddin , Purwanti Pudji
Published: May 2020

The study aimed to find out, the best alternative livelihoods in North Tuppabiring District, Pangkep Recency. The method used, the CFA analysis method, is the most dominant (best) livelihood model in the research location. The study uses four parameters, namely; desire, natural resources is measured by the number of raw materials available, human resources are measured by the amount of free time the fishermen and family members have, and market opportunities.the assessment uses a score of 1 to 5, namely 5 = strongly agree, 4 = agree, 3 = neutral, 2 = disagree, 1 = strongly disagree.The results of the study show that there are six alternative livelihoods, namely; preparation of dried fish, making Abon, making cakes, floating net cages, processing crabs and cultivating seaweed. Of the six alternative livelihoods (MPA), there are four MPAs that are feasible to develop, namely; making dried fish with a value of 0.586 MPA, making cakes 0.539 MPA, processing crab 0.720 MPA and cultivation of seaweed 0.507, while MPA which is not feasible to develop is the manufacture of Abon and floating net cages .the best MPA sequence is; the processing of crab crabs, making dried fish, baking and finally the cultivation of seaweed.
Competitiveness and SMEs production sustainability through the cleaner production (case study: SMEs of fish processing unit in Pinrang Regency, Indonesia)
Authors: Karim M , Salman D , Genisa J , Rahmadanih
Published: May 2020

The challenge for the success of SMEs in Indonesia is increasing competition that demands adaptation to environmental changes. In 2018 SMEs fish processing for boneless frozen milkfish in Pinrang Regency has a production capacity of 150 tons, potentially producing solid, liquid or gas waste. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential of SME’s fish processing waste and its utilization in supporting the sustainability of production. The study was conducted in Pinrang Regency from December 2018 to April 2019 with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection through field observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the potential of waste produced by 20-30 percent was used as food, feed and fertilizer products. The diversification of the main products into “fish meatballs” and “fish crackers” increases competitiveness and reduction of solid waste. Solid waste is also used to produce by-products in the form of “shredded milkfish” and “fishbone sticks”. SMEs fish processing has dynamically applied the concept of clean production in handling and utilizing waste. Waste management has reduced the impact on the SME’s fish processing environment. The implementation of clean production has increased production capacity, product diversification, guaranteed product quality, and the welfare of owners and workers. The strategy for handling and managing waste has optimized added value and supports the improvement of competitiveness and sustainability of production.
Social, economic and ecological benefits and farmers’ perception of agricultural waste processing in Banyuasin Regency
Authors: Yazid M , Pusfasari W , Wildayana E
Published: May 2020

The objectives of this study were to investigate and estimate the economic, social and ecological benefits of agricultural waste processing and to assess farmers’ perception on agricultural waste processing. This research was conducted in Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Survey data were collected from farmers selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The results showed that the economic benefits of agricultural waste processing were reducing production costs, increasing income of rice and maize farming, and improving the welfare of farmers. The social benefits were raising the nature of cooperation and triggering farmers to have broader knowledge by organizing associations to exchange the knowledge. Whereas, the ecological benefits were reducing air pollution caused by combustion of agricultural wastes, improving soil physical properties and restoring nutrients obtained from agricultural waste processing. The value of economic benefits estimated from agricultural waste processing to produce liquid bacterial fertilizer were 29.4% and 29.8% increase in income of rice farmers and maize farmers respectively. The overall score of perception of farmers applying agricultural waste processing was higher than those not applying.
The development of integrated agricultural system in improving the local community in Papua
Authors: Rahawarin B A M , Salman D , Demmallino E B
Published: May 2020

The Wapeko village area was targeted by investors because of its geographical location and natural resource wealth, but the lives of residents of the Wapeko village were almost 100% indigenous / local Papuans, their lives still mixed with a low level of education and economy. This research aimed (1) to analyze the implementation of the development program of the integrated agriculture system in Wapeko Village to achieve theaims of the program; (2) to analyze the achieved results in agriculture products and the incomes of the community through the development of the integrated agriculture system; (3) to develop alternative strategies in order to develop integrated farming systems in realizing a sustainable livelihood pattern of the local communities.The research was conducted in Wapeko Village Kurik Sub-District,he method used was a qualitative method which used quantitative instruments. The data collection was done using direct observation in the field and interviews with the respondents through question naires. The respondents involved 25 households of the local Papuans as well as the stakeholders who were directly involved in the program. The analysis of the revenue used the Farming analysis, and the Strategy analysis through SWOT method. The research results indicated that the collaboration program between Medco Foundation and Yasanto had an impact especially on the development of the Integrated Agriculture System (Sitandu) which was shown by the change in the pattern of the basic livelihood as well as the increase of the income of the local community.
The prospect of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea sp) agribusiness development in south Sulawesi Province
Authors: Asriani  , Made S , Tahang H
Published: May 2020

Sea Cucumber (Holothuroidea sp) is one of the fisheries commodities that has good prospects to be developed because of its high economic value and potentially promising market demand both in the local and international markets. Data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries throughout 2012-2016 shows the trend of sea cucumber exports has increased from 900-2000 tons/year. As for China, Singapore and Taiwan remain the main customers. Demand for sea cucumbers, especially for exports, has increased every year so that fishing and hunting in the sea take place more intensively causing a decrease in catches from the sea. Sea cucumbers can be processed into food and traded in various forms in the form of: food supplement products, cosmetic products, and medicinal products which are efficacious for the treatment of various diseases. In the Province, many are engaged in sea cucumbers by implementing the agribusiness system which is not yet optimal. The influence of internal and external factors and the need for sea cucumber development strategies. This study aims to determine the level of financial feasibility, the influence of internal and external factors, sea cucumber agribusiness development strategies. The study was conducted in South Sulawesi Province with locations in Barrang Lompo, Takalar, and Selayar, using survey methods with data collection techniques through direct observation, interviews and observations. Data were then analyzed using financial feasibility analysis, SWOT analysis, and QSPM analysis. The results showed that sea cucumber business is feasible to run, internal factors (strengths: high sea cucumber prices, weaknesses: use of fishing gear not in accordance with work safety standards) and external factors (high market potential opportunities, threats limited stock), Sea Cucumber has good prospects going forward with the Cultivation strategy, the application of processing technology, Optimizing business and market potential, Increasing capital cooperation.
Policy to increase revenue of fishermen community
Authors: Moento P A , Yusuf A P , Adam A F , Maturbongs E E , Tljlien A P , Yunus M
Published: May 2020

This research aimed to see the policy of increasing the income of fishermen in the community in Merauke district. The results of this research show that the fisheries Department of Merauke District in increasing the income of fishermen society has not been implemented properly and still very much to be raised by the fishermen community. Therefore, it is necessary that the business capital or loan capital to be donated to the production so that the results increase, then the arrest technique still using traditional tools, but there is also use modern technology, as well as motorboats To satellite imagery technology that can be used as tools such as GPS and other vessels, the Department of Fisheries carried out mentoring by providing guidance to fishermen in a technical way, to build in terms of Management, in terms of finance, as well as providing business opportunities and increasing the income of people and the region, to provide fishery human resources, especially fishermen groups, as well as providing the means and infrastructure of fishing, and Provide marketing system using several alternative that bias used, namely by marketing itself to the end consumer, to launch products to the consumer must have quality fish production and have competitiveness.
Effect of the type of transport packaging against the occurrence rate of rot disease on the Salak’s taper tip
Authors: Jamaludin  , Betaubun P
Published: May 2020

Salak pondoh (Salacca edulis Reinw.) has perishable properties. During the distribution the Salak is very susceptible to mechanical damage and makes it easier for the fungus Thielaviopsis paradoxa to grow. The amount of damage during transportation is influenced by the type of packaging used. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the packaging type used in transportation on the occurrence of rot disease on the Salak’s taper tip. The salak fruit in a bamboo basket, besek, and corrugated boxes in the amount of 38 kg, 30 kg, and 10 kg transported directly from Turi District, Sleman Regency to Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. Then stored and observed rate of incidence of taper tip disease every day for 6 days. The results showed the level of disease occurrence from day 2 to day 6 in storage has increased. The highest incidence of the disease is found in bamboo basket packaging and the lowest is in corrugated boxes.
Supply chain and gender relations in ornamental plants business CV. Malino Florist in South Sulawesi
Authors: Febrianti V , Salman D , Fachri M E
Published: May 2020

The research aims to find out the flow of ornamental plant supply chains within the company the efficiency of ornamental plant supply chains within the company the gender relations in the ornamental plant supply chain process within the company. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data is processed into three stages. First analysis of ornamental plant supply chains using three supply chain streams, supply chain performance is measured by the efficient use of time, cost, and income. Gender relations inequality and fairness analysis will be easier to see access and control. The results of this study indicate that the flow of products or goods involves the flow of physical products from suppliers to consumers through the chain, as well as product returns and service returns. Financial flow is a picture of the flow of money/capital that starts from the consumer as a buyer and then flows into the chain and will eventually reach the producer or company to be used as production costs. Information flows between CV. Malino Florist can be in the form of price, quality, good cultivation methods, and the amount of production. The flow of information flows reciprocally from the company to partners to consumers and vice versa, the total marketing costs incurred by the company CV. Malino Florist IDR 50,940,996 and get a total profit of IDR 55,159,004 with a R / C Ratio of 2.08, it can be seen that from the results of the R / C obtained, ornamental plant companies are categorized as efficient and profitable because the R / C Ratio obtained> 1 Ornamental plant distribution activities covers activities carried out by employees ranging from harvesting activities to transportation activities with an average of 2.5 or equal to 10 hours carried out once a week, in accordance with the basic concept of “Just In Time” in the supply chain. Access and control of resources in the ornamental plant business are controlled by one company member, the leader (male). The time spent working for men is greater than for women and there is a concentration of the role of women in domestic activities while external activities are controlled by men. The pattern of decision making in a dominant company is carried out by one company member, namely the leader (male).
Strategies for strengthening various models of cocoa marketing partnerships among farmers in the Polewali Mandar Regency, Western Sulawesi Province
Authors: Setiawan B , Rukmana D , Mahyuddin
Published: May 2020

The purpose e of this study is to analyze strategies for strengthening various partnership models for cocoa marketing. At the level of the farmers of Polewali Mandar district, the population of this study amounts to 75 farmers divided into 3 groups at the level of the existing partnership models (companies, cooperatives and traders), The analysis technique used consists in using a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) to formulate objectives in the form of strategic actions based on external facts and internal facts to determine the strategy. The results showed that the internal factors of this study were: 1) Availability of land for cocoa farms 2) High potential productivity 3) Infrastructure available. The weaknesses of this study are: 1) a minimum of capital contribution, 2) limited availability of technology 3) pest and disease attacks. External opportunities include: 1) strong market demand, 2) ease of market access, 3) opening up investment opportunities, threats from this study 1 land-use change 2) price volatility and 3) the extreme climate.
Survival and morphological performance of Black Tiger Shrimp larvae (Penaeus monodon) after immersion with extract of Sargum duplicatum
Authors: Pakidi C S , Anshary H , Zainuddin E N , Latama G , Tampangallo B R
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the survival and morphological performance of Black Tiger Shrimp after immersion with Sargassum duplicatum extract as well after a Vibrio harveyi challenge. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and 3 replicates each. Treatments consisted of immersions with S. Duplicatum extract (A) 600 ppm, (B) 700 ppm, (C) 800 ppm, and (D) control. Every unit contained 200 PL-4 shrimps. Shrimps were prior immersed into the extract for 15 minutes, then put into a plastic container for 7-day rearing. Survival and morphological performance (antennular, hepatopancreas, foregut, midgut, uropod, tail muscles, chromatophores, attachment, and stress) of larvae were observed at the end of the study. The challenge test was performed by an artificial infection with Vibrio harveyi. The results demonstrated no significant differences in immersion treatments on survival, yet it could indicate a non-toxic on 800 ppm of S. duplicatum for shrimp larvae. Hepatopancreas of shrimp S. duplicatum after the immersion was visibly better than not unless other observed organs that seemed no different. Further study is necessary for S. duplicatum extract in improving shrimp quality.
Analysis of Total Quality Management (TQM) of vegetable and fruit products at PanenMart Makassar company
Authors: Nurliah  , Mayuddin  , Munizu M
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) of vegetable and fruit products in PanenMart Makassar, based on the principles of total quality management (TQM) consisting of customer satisfaction, leadership, increased sustainability, respect for all people and fact based management. Informants were selected purposively, with a total of 11 respondents consisting of: Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Operation Officer (COO) and 9 employees involved in the procurement, sorting, grading, packaging and distribution processes. Data processing using a descriptive analysis method with a Likert Scale. The results of this study indicate that the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) applied by PanenMart Makassar company prioritizes customer satisfaction over other variables.
Impact of contract farming on price: a case study of red chili farmers in Magelang regency
Authors: Angreheni D , Darma R , Asrul L
Published: May 2020

Contract farming is a price control through the agreement of sale arrangement between farmer and firm taken before the starting of production process. Red chili price has a great fluctuation due seasonal production. The objective of the study is to analyze the influence factors red chili price on contract farming. The study compares the constraints on participation, and the impact to the price of red chili between contract and non-contract of farmers. The study carried out in Magelang District, Central Java Province on June to August 2019. Survey method was used with purposive sampling method to 45 respondent of non-contract farmers and 40 respondent for contract farmer. The data analysis used were statistical t-test and coefficient of variation. The results of the study indicated that farmer with contract farming has the minimum price of IDR 9000 per kg and increasing following market price, while the selling price of non-contract farming based on the market price which always fluctuated. Factors affect contract farmers are offering fixed price, and market guarantee while the non-contract farmers are least of information about contract farming. Contract farming should be promoted to sustain chili production and farmer income.
The effectiveness of rice field expansion program in increasing rice product in Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency
Authors: Elsion E A , Jamil M H , Betaubun P
Published: May 2020

The Program of Expansion Rice Fields on Rice Production in Current District Tanah Miring Regency of Merauke. This research aimed to describe the implementation of rice field expansion programs in increasing paddy production, analyze the effectiveness of the rice field expansion program in increasing paddy production, and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors of the effectiveness of race field expansion program. The research was conducted using descriptive qualitative and quantitative approach. The research location was Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency. The data collection was done using structural interviews through the questionnaires and the written documents. The 88 samples were chosen using the Slovin formula and the sampling probability approach. The data were analyzed using a descriptive quantitative and qualitative approach. The research results indicated that the implementation of the rice field expansion program in increasing paddy production had been run according to the regulation and the stated determination. The farmers’ evaluation concerning the effectiveness of the rice field expansion program in increasing the paddy production in Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency were categorized as effective and effective enough. Some of the supporting factors were the improvement of dikes and land management, quality of excellent seeds, good quality fertilizers addition of standard land addition and increase of land area, production increase, and the paddy farmers were able to innovate the technology about the wet rice cultivation. Besides, there were inhibiting factors, such as the dike sizes were not adjusted to the land the planting season was often changed the irrigation water was not available during the planting season, the weather has not been unpredicted the rice fields were not accompanied with the irrigating canals, and the lack of farming roads.
A note on Gobiidae from some rivers in Luwuk Banggai, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Gani A , Wuniarto E , Khartiono L D , Srinurmahningsi  , Mutalib Y , Nurjirana  , Herjayanto M , Satria D H , Adam M I , Jusmanto  , Bungalim M I , Adriany D T , Bakri A A , Subarkah M , Burhanuddin A I
Published: May 2020

Luwuk Banggai in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, is a part of Sulawesi Island in the Wallacea Region with many rivers. These rivers host a high diversity of aquatic species, but this diversity is poorly known. This calls for taxonomic exploration, in particular for the fishes belonging to the Order Gobioidei, commonly called gobies. This study aimed to identify gobies present in rivers Luwuk Banggai, both as a contribution to scientific knowledge on goby biodiversity and distribution and to inform the management of (hitherto unregulated) aquatic resources by the local government agencies involved. The establishment of effective, science-based management is especially important and urgent for those gobies which have economic potential, in particular as freshwater ornamental commodities. The study was conducted from January to July 2019 in several Luwuk Banggai rivers: Mendono River, Mendono Village; Koyoan River; Simpong River; Soho River; Biak River; Honduhon River; Matanyo River; and Salodik River. The specimens obtained (n = 203) were measured and identified based on species-specific characteristics. Species belonging to the Family Gobiidae were more abundant (161 individuals from 20 species) than those in the Family Eleotridae (42 individuals from 6 species). One species commonly found in these rivers was Lentipes mekonggaensis (30 individuals).
Mangrove area and vegetation condition resulting from the planting of mangroves in the Wallacea Region, Bone Bay, South Sulawesi
Authors: Mursalim A , Nurdin N , Supriad  , La Nafie Y , Selamat B , Tresnati J. , Tuwo A
Published: May 2020

Ecologically, the mangrove forest is a feeding and nursery ground for around 60% of fish that live in coastal fisheries; and economically, the mangrove forest is an important fishery area. The study aims to analyze the area and condition of vegetation from mangrove planting in the Wallacea Region, Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, namely in Sinjai District from 1999 to 2018, and from 2009 to 2018. The mangrove area was obtained from the processing of Landsat 7 satellite images ETM + in 1999 and 2009, as well as Landsat 8 OLI in 2018. The field survey was conducted on December 2018 to check changes in the area of mangrove distribution, and measure tree density and closure of mangrove canopies. There were three classifications of the mangrove distribution in mangrove plantation area, namely: (1) increasing mangrove areas with an additional of 25 to 145 Ha, (2) decreasing mangrove area with reduction 12 to 80 Ha; and (3) constant mangrove areas with an area of 74 to 249 ha. The condition of mangroves in District Sinjai Utara was relatively good and very dense, with a density of 0.29 trees per m2 and a canopy closure of 73.5%. Whereas in District East Sinjai, mangrove conditions are included in the good category with 0.42 trees per m2 and 79.8% canopy closure. Five species were found namely Avicennia alba, Avicennia Officinalis, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora mucronata, and Rhizophora stylosa mangrove species. Mangrove density ranges between 450 and 7000 trees /Ha. The lowest density was found at Station 11 with the category of rarely, while the highest density was found at Station 9 with the category of very dense.
Size at the maturity of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Is it an overfishing sign in Wallacea Region?
Authors: Yanti A , Tresnati J , Yasir I , Syafiuddin  , Rahmani P Y , Aprianto R , Tuwo A
Published: May 2020

As the largest trepang producer in the world, Indonesian trepang product still depends on wild catches. This wild catch could cause overfishing. In many fishing areas, sea cucumber populations have decreased to the point where they can be considered as a rare species. The wild catch could lead to a negative impact on size at maturity. Biologically, there are two types of reproductive strategies at marine organisms, i.e. ‘r-selection’ and ‘K-selection’. The ‘r-selection’ type was found in organisms that are dominantly controlled by their environmental factors and tend to reach physical maturation faster, while the ‘K-selection’ type was controlled more by biological factors, such as the presence of competitors. This study aims to analyze the size at the maturity of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra for different years to find out if the size at maturity can be used as a reference of the overfishing sign in the Wallacea region. The H. scabra or sandfishes were taken from the catches of fishermen at the Sub-district Liukang Tupabbiring Utara, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The Liukang Tupabbiring area is in the Spermonde Islands region, which is part of the Wallace line trajectory. Samplings were carried out for four years, from 2016 to 2019. The parameters measured were a total length (TL), total weight (TW), and gutted body weight (BW). The parameters observed were the color and stage of the gonad. The sizes at maturities were defined as the percentage of sexually mature, which were the sandfish with gonad stages of III, IV, and V. The study reveals that the size at maturity of sandfish was reached at a smaller size than previously reported. Biologically, smaller sizes at maturity could be a sign that sandfish has overfishing. As one organism whose biological organ structure was still primitive, Sea cucumber probably maintains the continuity of its generation by adapting reproductive strategy “r-selection type”.
Habitat, diversity, and abundance of waterbirds in lantebung mangrove ecotourism area, Makassar city
Authors: Purify A , Nurdin N , Maulany R I , Achmad A , Lanuru M
Published: May 2020

Waterbirds are a significant part of mangrove forests due to their ecological role in the ecosystem. However, land conversion, human disturbance, pollution, and other anthropogenic factors are continued to give pressure to the existence of waterbirds, especially in the urban mangrove area. Therefore, this study aims to identify waterbirds habitat types and analyze its abundance and diversity at Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism Area, Makassar City. Bird survey was done during three days, morning and afternoon, by walking along the peripheral of fish ponds and mudflats behind mangrove forest using binocular to identify waterbirds habitat types, kinds of species, and to count total individuals. The result shows there are four types of waterbirds habitat at Lantebung Mangrove Ecotourism Area, which are mangrove, mudflats, inactive fish ponds, and bushes. There are 18 species identified, with medium diversity (Shanon Weiner Diversity Index of 1.029), medium richness (Margalef Species Richness Index of 2.918), and stable species evenness (Hill Species Evenness Index of 0.356). Species with the highest abundance is Chadrius .sp with Relative Abundance Index 27%.
Utilization of orchids of Wallacea region and implication for conservation
Authors: Nurfadilah S
Published: May 2020

Orchids are characterized by attractive flowers and morphologically unique plants, thus, they are much appreciated as ornamental plants. Apart from as ornamental plants, orchids are known to have other uses; for food, vegetables, herbal medicines, cosmetics, and other uses. The present study aimed to reveal a wide range of utilization of orchids of the Wallacea region. There were 47 species of orchids of the Wallacea region belong to 32 genera that have been utilized in a wide range of uses, with one species that could have multiple uses. The utilization of orchids of the Wallacea region was for food (4 species), vegetable (1 species ), spices (1 species), herbal medicines (37 species), cosmetics (3 species), and other uses (7 species). Data on the utilization of orchids of the Wallacea region can support bioprospecting to find new bioresources for food alternatives, herbal medicines, and other useful products. In the utilization of orchids as bioresources, the conservation approach is highly recommended to ensure the long-term survival of the orchids and for the sustainable use of the orchids. Of these 47 orchid species that have been utilized, two species are endemic to the Wallacea region (Dendrobium facifeum and D. utile) that should receive priority setting in the conservation planning.
Youth potential in developing marine tourism and reducing destructive ecological changes on remote island
Authors: Oda Sukur , Jompa Jamaluddin , Duli Akin
Published: May 2020

The research aims to find out 1) the types of marine tourism found in Balobaloang Island, 2) the youth potentials found in Balobaloang Island. This research is mixed-method by using qualitative approaches and quantitative approaches with sequential exploratory models. Data were analysed by using analysis model 3 A (attraction, amenity, and accessibility) tourism product offering and Likert Scale Questionnaire, which was processed using descriptive statistics and in-depth interviews. The time of this study began April until July 2019 in Balobaloang Island, Pangkep Regency. Research results show 1) In terms of attractions there are 11 remote islands in the Balobaloang Village area, 5 inhabited islands and 6 uninhabited islands which are potential to be used as marine tourism such as mangroves, beaches, snorkeling, and diving spots, in terms of accessibility of the island is 14 hours from Makassar and 17 hours from Pangkep Regency even though the facilities and infrastructure available are still limited in this island. 2) Since 2014 until 2019 around 20,83% of youth aged 16-30 years from a total population of 240 young people work as employees on the tourism industry in tourist areas of Labuan Bajo, Lombok, Papua, and Bali. From the survey results of the youth potential of Balobaloang Island in the tourism sector, most of the 72% good potential. Tourist ship competencies have an appropriate score of 78%. Experience competencies have an appropriate score of 68%. Leadership competencies have a slightly appropriate score of 42%. Furthermore, Social competencies have an appropriate score of 60%.
Analysis of government development financing between Sukuk and Bonds
Authors: Alimuddin  , Putri N A , Nurleni
Published: May 2020

This study aims to examine the performance of government development financing sukuk/SBSN compared with bonds/SUN period 2014-2017. The method used is descriptive quantitative with secondary data. The data obtained were analyzed and concluded based on a predetermined framework. The results of the analysis based on the method of efficiency ratio, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Value at Risk (VaR) shown that SUN has high efficiency and high risk, while SBSN has low efficiency and low risk. Based on the analysis of the Efficient Portfolio Frontier shown that an efficient portfolio exists at risk level to 0.14% and profit rate up to 369.31% exist in the proportion of 60% SBSN financing and 40% SUN financing proportion, it means that the Sukuk financing portfolio was better rather than Bonds financing portfolio.
The planning of median road park arrangement to support the city’s green space (RTHK) at Brawijaya Highway City of Merauke
Authors: Leuwayan S , Rukmana D , Jamil M H
Published: May 2020

Taman Median Jalan is one form of green open space that extends in the form of lanes and is categorized into public green open spaces. Besides being beautiful, the median road can also function as a place of social interaction. This study aimed to know the existing conditions and problems in the median of the road, knowing the inhibiting factors and supporters of median road planning and make a median garden road design. The research using a survey approach with qualitative descriptive analysis. This study shows respondents’ desires about four important points. The intention was median garden arrangement mode is lane/path, plant type of squirrel palm tree, croton shrubs and ground cover type plants are moss rose. The discussion focuses on existing conditions, inhibiting and supporting factors and making designs. The application of design is made based on the highest percentage of respondents’ desires.