bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Hole Burning of Porphin-Cross-Linked Polymers
Authors: Maeda Masayuki , Sakoda Kazuaki
Published: February 2023

It is well known that porphin derivatives such as tetraphenylporphin (TPP) molecularly dispersed in organic polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) exhibit photochemical hole burning (PHB). In this kind of porphin/polymer system of simple dispersion type, large irreversible broadening of photochemical holes is observed even at extremely low temperatures around liquid helium temperature [1]. This broadening, or spectral diffusion, is caused by the energy shift of the electronic states of the porphin molecule brought about by the structural changes which take place in the organic amorphous polymer. The reduction of this spectral diffusion is one of the main subjects for the possible application of PHB to high-density optical memory. In the previous paper [1], we reported on the spectral diffusion in the copolymer of methylmethacrylate (MMA) and TPP derivative with four functional groups and showed that the spectral diffusion is suppressed by the covalent bonds formed between TPP and the host polymer. Besides, we reported that the hydrogen bonds formed in the host polymer also suppress the spectral diffusion, which was confirmed for the several porphin derivatives with ionic substituents dispersed in polyvinylalcohol (PVA), one of the most efficient hydrogen bonding polymers [2]. Then, we may expect still less spectral diffusion in such materials that have both the covalent bonds between TPP and the host polymer, and the hydrogen bonds in the latter. In this study, we will show that this anticipation is true.
Liquid Crystalline Materials for Photonics: Optical Switching by Means of Photochemical Phase Transition of Liquid-Crystalline Azobenzene Films
Authors: Ikeda Tomiki , Tsutsumi Osamu
Published: February 2023

Isothermal phase transition of liquid crystals (LCs) can be induced reversibly by photochemical reaction of guest molecules incorporated into the LC phase at concentrations of 1 ~ 5 mol%. Such photoresponsive molecules as azobenzene and spiropyran derivatives have been proved to be effective guest molecules to bring about the photochemical phase transition. 1-5 The mechanism of the photochemical phase transition is interpreted in terms of the change in the molecular shape of the guest molecules by the photochemical reaction. For example, trans-azobenzenes are rod-like shape, stabilizing the LC phase, while cis-azobenzenes are bent, destabilizing the LC phase. When the trans-azobenzene/nematic (N) LC mixtures are irradiated to cause trans-cis photoisomerization of the guest molecules, the LC phase of the mixtures is destabilized in accumulation of the cis form and the N to isotropic (I) phase transition temperature (tNI) is lowered. When tNI is lowered below the irradiation temperature, N-I phase transition of the guest/host mixture is induced isothermally. This process is reversible, and cis-trans back isomerization restores the initial N phase. Time-resolved measurements by the use of a pulsed laser have revealed that the photochemical N-I phase transition takes place in the time region of 50 ~ 200 ms for the nematic hosts of low-molecular-weight (LMW) as well as polymeric LCs.6,7 Propagation of perturbation in the form of the trans-cis isomerization of the guest molecules may require a relatively long time in the LC systems.
Single Lobe "Y" Coupled Laser Diode Arrays
Authors: Welch D. F. , Cross P. S. , Scifres D. R. , Streifer W. , Burnham R. D.
Published: February 2023

Many applications of laser diode arrays, such as optical recording and point-to-point communications, require a stable, near diffraction limited beam. Recently phased array lasers have been demonstrated in which the emitters are locked in-phase but the far field pattern is multi-lobed due to the relative emitter widths and spacing1,2. In this paper we present data on "Y" coupled laser arrays which include flared waveguide at the facet to enlarge the near field spot size of the individual emitters. The near field "fill factor" is greater than 80% resulting in a predominantly single lobe radiation pattern. Such a laser is reported to emit a stable beam up to 150 mW cw.
In-Phase Lasing in Diffraction-Coupled Semiconductor Laser Arrays
Authors: Wilcox J. Z. , Yang J. J. , Jansen M. , Ou S. S. , Sergant M. , Simmons W.
Published: February 2023

A diffraction-coupled array (DCA)1-3 consists of an array of parallel waveguides which interact through beam diffraction in a common laterally unguided section at one end. If the phase difference between light reflected from the far end of the unguided section and injected back into the waveguide of origin and into its nearest neighbor is 2π, the "in-phase" eigenmode is reinforced, which results in single-lobed far-field patterns. The design criteria are shown in Figure 1. However, the gain profile in the waveguide region of a DCA is spatially distributed such that it favors the "out-of-phase" eigenmode. In order to stabilize the in-phase operation, the adjacent reflections must not only be in-phase, but must also overcome the unfavorable effect of evanescent coupling. We present design criteria and quantity the trade-off between evanescent and diffraction coupling by the modal threshold gain analysis. Experimental observations of far-field patterns for DCAs of DH and LOC lasers are presented and compared with the criteria.
Thermal Effects in Gain-Guided Diode Laser Arrays
Authors: Hadley G. Ronald , Hohimer J. P. , Owyoung A.
Published: February 2023

In recent years, considerable effort has been directed towards the development of high-power gain-guided diode laser arrays.1 Modeling of these devices has proceeded mostly along the lines of coupled-mode theory,2 assuming near-threshold conditions so as to render the problem linear. Only very recently have self-consistent model appeared that do not rely on assumptions about inter-stripe coupling.3-6 The successes of these models include the simulation of beam steering of gain-guided arrays by injection locking,4 and the prediction of eigenmodes of these arrays of order higher than the number of stripes.5,6 We present here the results of calculations of the eigenmodes of a ten-stripe gain-guided diode laser array, performed with a numerical model which treats the array as a broad-area resonator.4 Our model includes the effects of electron diffusion in the active region, gain saturation, and index anti-guiding. We show that the addition of junction heating to the model has a profound effect on both the near- and far-field profiles of the eigenmodes and their modal gains. Indeed, junction heating effects are largely responsible for the appearance of high-order modes in the cw operation of gain-guided arrays.
Spatial Coherence Measurements in Laser Arrays and Broad Area Configuration Lasers
Authors: Salzman J. , Ribak E.
Published: February 2023

In the quest for a high power semiconductor laser, considerable effort has been devoted to the development of phase-locked injection laser arrays,(1-3) unstable resonator semiconductor laser;(4) gain tailored broad area lasers,(5) phase-locked controlled filament lasers(6) and even the simplest broad area laser has been revisited(7) Hereafter we will refer generally to all the above mentioned and similar laser geometries as broad-area-configurations (BAC).
Phase Noise in Semiconductor Lasers and its Reduction by Optical Feedback
Authors: Henry Charles H.
Published: February 2023

A theory of spontaneous emission noise is presented based on classical electromagnetic theory[1]. Unlike conventional theories of laser noise, this presentation is valid for open resonators. A local Langevin force is added to the wave equation to account for spontaneous emission. A general expression is found relating the diffusion coefficient of this force to the imaginary part of the dielectric function. The field of laser is found by solving the wave equation by the Green’s function method. The lasing mode is a resonant state associated with a pole in Green’s function. The Langevin rate equations for a Fabry-Perot laser with arbitrary facet reflectivities are derived. Optical feedback can be represented by a complex, frequency dependent, facet reflectivity r(ω)exp(iϕ(ω)). The effect of optical feedback is to reduce the adiabatic chirp by F and to reduce the Lorentzian linewidth by F2, where and τ is the round trip time in the laser cavity and α is the linewidth parameter[2].
Novel Optical Frequency Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers
Authors: Hjelme Dag Roar , Mickelson Alan Rolf , Hollberg L. , Dahmani B.
Published: February 2023

Stable single-frequency, narrow-linewidth, tunable lasers are required in applications such as coherent optical communications, optical fiber sensoring and spectroscopy. One can reduce the frequency drift of semiconductor lasers by locking to a Fabry-Perot interferometer using an automatic-frequency-control loop with feedback to the injection current [1] or temperature [2]. More recently very fast electronic feedback systems have achieved laser linewidth reduction as well as center frequency stabilization [3]. In addition, a variety of methods have been developed to reduce semiconductor laser linewidths by using optical techniques, including direct single-mirror optical feedback, optical injection locking and even optical feedback from fiber reference cavities [4].
Measurement of Radiative, Auger, and Shunt Currents In 1.3µm Buried Heterostructure Lasers
Authors: LaCourse J. , Chow T. , Olshansky R. , Powazinik W.
Published: February 2023

Measurement of the carrier lifetime is a useful technique for determining the radiative and nonradiative current components in diode lasers.1,2 This paper describes an improved technique which permits measurement of the carrier lifetime even at very low current densities, and reports the first measurements as a function of bias current in 1.3µm buried heterostructure lasers.
Large Monolithic Two-Dimensional Arrays of GaInAsP/InP Surface-Emitting Lasers*
Authors: Liau Z. L. , Walpole J. N.
Published: February 2023

We report a successful fabrication of a large monolithic two-dimensional array of GaInAsP/InP surface-emitting lasers, which has an overall size of 3 mm × 1 nim and contains a total of 112 lasers with good uniformity and high output power. This work represents perhaps the first demonstration of a large-scale monolithic integration of diode lasers. Moreover, the monolithic 2D arrays have a number of potential applications requiring very high output power, high energy-conversion efficiency and good output beam quality (when phase-locked).
Fabrication and Characterization of InP Fresnel Microlenses
Authors: Diadiuk V. , Walpole J.N. , Liau Z.L.
Published: February 2023

High-power applications for diode lasers have recently been of increasing interest. In particular, one- and two-dimensional laser arrays are being investigated for this purpose. Among the most promising approaches for achieving coherent operation of the lasers in these arrays is the use of an external cavity. Successful implementations of such a system have been reported recently [1,2,3]. Since diode lasers typically have a beam divergence of a few tens of degrees, collimating the laser outputs leads to greatly improved far-field patterns, which, in turn, translates into more power in the main lobe of the combined output. Achieving this collimation in the case of a diode laser array, with its small device-to-device distance, requires an array of similarly spaced microlenses with very short focal length, small diameter and small F number. In this paper, we describe the fabrication and performance of a Fresnel microlens array etched directly in InP wafers: these microlenses have been used successfully to collimate the output of GaInAsP/InP buried-heterostructure (BH) diode lasers [4].
High Power Laser with a Chemically Assisted Ion Beam Etched Mirror
Authors: Tihanyi P. , Wagner D. K. , Vollmer H. J. , Roza A. J. , Harding C. M. , Davis R. J. , Wolf E. D.
Published: February 2023

There has been considerable interest in the development of high performance lasers that can be integrated with other opto-electronic components on the same chip. Generally, this involves fabricating one of the laser mirrors by a technique other than by cleaving. Techniques that have been explored are reactive ion etching(1), hybrid wet and reactive ion etching and focused ion beam machining.
Diode Lasers with Cylindrical Mirror Facets and Reduced Beam Divergence
Authors: Walpole J. N. , Liau Z. L. , Missaggia L. J. , Yap D.
Published: February 2023

We have fabricated diode laser mirrors which are circularly curved in the junction plane. The curvature is designed to provide good reflective feedback and to simultaneously form an output lens which reduces the divergence of the output laser beam. The lenses were monolithically integrated with low-threshold (25 mA) cw buried-heterostructure (BH) devices. The lasers were fabricated in GaInAsP/lnP wafers grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and emit at wavelengths near 1.3 µm.
Thermal Analysis of Double-Heterostructure Lasers Using Finite Elements
Authors: Papannareddy R. , Ferguson W. , Butler J. K.
Published: February 2023

It is well known that the reliability of double-heterostructure lasers is strongly affected by the junction temperature rise in the active region. This paper presents numerical estimates of this temperature rise, and associated thermal resistance, of a zinc diffused, oxide-insulated, 6 µm wide AlGaAs stripe-geometry laser.
Index-Guided AIGaAs/GaAs Visible Graded Barrier Quantum Well Laser Diodes
Authors: Zmudzinski C. A. , Mawst L. J. , Givens M. E. , Emanuel M. A. , Coleman J. J.
Published: February 2023

The use of the graded barrier quantum well laser stucture to obtain low threshold current density devices has been well established.1,2 However, little work has been performed on the integration of this structure into index-guided devices, particularly in the visible region. Laser structures which rely exclusively on quantum size effects have been operated as laser diodes with emission wavelengths as short as 7040 Å for devices with 13 Å quantum wells.3 However, the growth of smaller well sizes to obtain higher energy emission is difficult to achieve. The use of all binary AlAs/GaAs quantum well structures eliminates difficulties assiciated with alloy clustering and allows high energy emission to be obtained without having to utilize extremely small quantum well widths.4 In these structures, short wavelength emission can be obtained, without the need for AlxGa1-xAs, exclusively from quantum size effects in relatively wide wells (Lz>20Å) due to the large AlAs potential barrier heights on either side of the quantum well.
Cataract services for all: Strategies for equitable access from a global modified Delphi process
Authors: Ramke Jacqueline , Silva Juan Carlos , Gichangi Michael , Ravilla Thulasiraj , Burn Helen , Buchan John C. , Welch Vivian , Gilbert Clare E. , Burton Matthew J. ,   The Cataract Access Study Group
Published: February 2023

Vision loss from cataract is unequally distributed, and there is very little evidence on how to overcome this inequity. This project aimed to engage multiple stakeholder groups to identify and prioritise (1) delivery strategies that improve access to cataract services for under-served groups and (2) population groups to target with these strategies across world regions. We recruited panellists knowledgeable about cataract services from eight world regions to complete a two-round online modified Delphi process. In Round 1, panellists answered open-ended questions about strategies to improve access to screening and surgery for cataract, and which population groups to target with these strategies. In Round 2, panellists ranked the strategies and groups to arrive at the final lists regionally and globally. 183 people completed both rounds (46% women). In total, 22 distinct population groups were identified. At the global level the priority groups for improving access to cataract services were people in rural/remote areas, with low socioeconomic status and low social support. South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa were the only regions in which panellists ranked women in the top 5 priority groups. Panellists identified 16 and 19 discreet strategies to improve access to screening and surgical services, respectively. These mostly addressed health system/supply side factors, including policy, human resources, financing and service delivery. We believe these results can serve eye health decision-makers, researchers and funders as a starting point for coordinated action to improve access to cataract services, particularly among population groups who have historically been left behind.
I trust my immunity more than your vaccines: “Appeal to nature” bias strongly predicts questionable health behaviors in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Žeželj Iris , Petrović Marija , Ivanović Anja , Kurčubić Predrag
Published: February 2023

Health care policies often rely on public cooperation, especially during a health crisis. However, a crisis is also a period of uncertainty and proliferation of health-related advice: while some people adhere to the official recommendations, others tend to avoid them and resort to non-evidence based, pseudoscientific practices. People prone to the latter are often the ones endorsing a set of epistemically suspect beliefs, with two being particularly relevant: conspiratorial pandemic-related beliefs, and the appeal to nature bias regarding COVID-19 (i.e., trusting natural immunity to fight the pandemic). These in turn are rooted in trust in different epistemic authorities, seen as mutually exclusive: trust in science and trust in the “wisdom of the common man”. Drawing from two nationally representative probability samples, we tested a model in which trust in science/wisdom of the common man predicted COVID-19 vaccination status (Study 1, N = 1001) or vaccination status alongside use of pseudoscientific health practices (Study 2, N = 1010), through COVID-19 conspiratorial beliefs and the appeal to nature bias regarding COVID-19. As expected, epistemically suspect beliefs were interrelated, related to vaccination status, and to both types of trust. Moreover, trust in science had both a direct and indirect effect on vaccination status through both types of epistemically suspect beliefs. Trust in the wisdom of the common man had only an indirect effect on vaccination status. Contrary to the way they are typically portrayed, the two types of trust were unrelated. These results were largely replicated in the second study, in which we added pseudoscientific practices as an outcome; trust in science and the wisdom of the common man contributed to their prediction only indirectly, through epistemically suspect beliefs. We offer recommendations on how to make use of different types of epistemic authorities and how to tackle unfounded beliefs in communication during a health crisis.
Three Sentences About Dance
Authors: Lukan Blaž
Published: February 2023

This article roams inside a territory of fragmented perspective(s); the author’s writing isn’t focused on dance with the aim to produce meanings based on some established totality, instead, uniqueness generates meanings unto itself, every single time. Blaž Lukan reviews artistic pieces of three individual dancers as authors in their own right: Mala Kline and Kaja Lorenci created the pieces Venera (Venus) and Stabat, while Andreja Podrzavnik performed an improvised event Posebna izdaja (Special Edition).
Dramaturgy as a more-than-human practice
Authors: Žeželj Tery
Published: February 2023

This article is built with excerpts from the MA thesis written in the program Contemporary Theatre, Dance, and Dramaturgy at Utrecht University titled ‘More-ThanHuman Practices: Feminist Ecological Potentials of Working With More-Than-Humans in the Performing Arts.’ The thesis was finished in August 2021 under the supervision of Konstantina Georgelou. The theoretical framework takes feminist discourse on water from Mielle Chandler and Astrida Neimanis’s article ‘Water and Gestationality: What Flows Beneath Ethics’ as a departure point to conceptualize more-than-human collaborations in the performing arts and to generate grounds for articulating ethics that enable responsivity to the entanglements with ‘natural others.’ This framework is intertwined with the discourse on dramaturgy to reapproach the practice of dramaturgy through collaborations and articulate it as a shared practice and collective thinking that emerges from the relations between diverse bodies. The text maps some of the main aspects and challenges posed by co-working with more-than-humans by drawing on the two longer artistic practices and researches, Rooted Hauntology Lab by Ingrid Vranken, potted plants, and ghosts, and Cosmologies of Attention and Spectatorship, practice-based research by Julia Willms and Andrea Božić in collaboration with the Moon.
For a political ecology of theatre
Authors: Ruhsam Martina
Published: February 2023

This essay is a reflection on the ecological potential of artistic performances developed and performed in a time of ecological crises. By discussing two recent performances – Climatic Dances by Amanda Piña and To See Climate (Change) by René Alejandro Huari Mateus in co-authorship with Romuald Krężel – the author discloses the ecocritical dimension of these works and at the same time points out how the performing arts are entangled with the growth/productivist ideology upon which the capitalist economy with its ecological unconscious is based. If artistic work is to become more ecological, this implies more sustainable modes of working.
The privatization of guilt
Authors: Vasilev Yasen
Published: February 2023

This text that aims to speak about the paradoxes of artists travelling for work, was produced under the conditions it discusses. It is a product of travel, it is informed by travelling, and it is written while travelling. Notes were made at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, then revisited at various European airports, as well as during the breaks at a conference, and finished while under covid quarantine. A lot of the arguments and examples were accumulated over the course of the last several years in similar conditions, on the move, in conversations and talks, while attending festivals, residencies, and dance houses across Europe and beyond.
Effects of column damage on the reliability of reinforced concrete portal frames
Authors: Lakusic Stjepan
Published: February 2023

The reliability and behaviour of columns belonging to portal-reinforced concrete frames depend on many factors. This paper presents a parametric study of a reliability column in a non-linear domain, considering mechanical variability and targeting damaged areas of the reinforced concrete columns. In this study, an adaptive method for assessing the reliability of columns with respect to damage states is proposed. The method is an indirect coupling of the response surface and finite element model in the non-linear domain. The main goal of this study was to provide a structural engineer with a modelling approach for optimal and robust column design. The results of the present study show that the reliability of columns belonging to portal frames is closely related to the quality of the constituent materials (steel and concrete) and the type of load applied. The reliability of this type of column also decreases with increasing load and applied displacement and increases with increasing compressive strength and yield strength of the steel. The uncertainties associated with the structural models are considered, with their impact on structure reliability studied using a sensitivity analysis, which allows the proposed approach to make the best possible decision for a better design and, therefore, good behaviour under different parameters.
The Effect of Service Quality, Personal Selling, and Complaint Handling on Customer Retention of Sharia Bank Customers with Customer Satisfaction as Intervening Variable
Authors: Saprudin Endri , Albanna Hasan
Published: February 2023

Customer retention is an important element of any banking strategy in today's increasingly competitive environment. The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the effect of service quality, personal selling, and complaint handling on customer retention in Islamic bank customers in Indonesia with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. The population of this study was Islamic bank customers in Indonesia with sampling using a purposive sampling technique, the number of samples used in this study was 107 respondents. The data analysis technique used is SEM-PLS using Warp PLS version 7.0 as a data processing tool. The results of this study indicate that service quality, personal selling, and complaint handling have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction itself has a significant positive effect on customer retention, while the three independent variables have no significant effect directly on customer retention. Different results when service quality, personal selling, and complaint handling have a significant positive effect on customer retention after being mediated by customer satisfaction variables.
Sharia Review of Mutual Funds Selling Agents: A Case Study of Ajaib Applications
Authors: Fatoni Ahmad , Hidayat Roni , Nurhasanah Nining
Published: February 2023

Capital market companies are currently developing, one of which is the spread of Islamic mutual funds which is facilitated by technological advances, namely the availability of platforms to make it easier for the users. PT. Takjub Teknologi Indonesia is an agent selling mutual fund securities, which carries the Ajaib application for mutual fund transactions. Companies that act as intermediaries for investors and investment managers. The formulation of the research problem is: What is the role and perspective of the sharia application of Ajaib as an agent selling mutual fund securities? This study aims to determine the role of the Ajaib application and review it in Sharia studies. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. This research resulted in several points as follows: 1). The role of the Ajaib application has the main task of marketing the securities of Islamic mutual funds to investment managers. Supported by the function of investor complaints and operating standards in writing, 2). Based on the Sharia review of the role of the Ajaib application, it fulfills the pillars and requirements of the samsarah contract, is following the sharia maqashid, and meets the existing fikhiyah rules, and in its application, this application meets muamalah etiquette.
PEMODELAN MIXED GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION (MGWR) DENGAN JARAK EUCLIDEAN DAN JARAK MANHATTAN (STUDI KASUS : KEMATIAN BAYI NEONATAL DI JAWA TENGAH TAHUN 2018-2020)
Authors: Primasari Riszki Bella , Rusgiyono Agus , Ispriyanti Dwi
Published: February 2023

Neonatal is a condition of babies from birth to 28 days. Data on Indonesia's health profile in 2020 showed that 72% of the number of deaths of toddlers occurred during the neonatal period and Central Java became the highest province of cases. Factors that are suspected to influence are the number of low birth weight babies (X1), the number of obstetric complications (X2), the number of Puskesmas (X3), the number of Posyandu (X4), the number of exclusive breastfeeding babies 0-6 months (X5), the number of pediatricians (X6), the number of ambulance cars (X7). Linear regression modeling on the number of neonatal infant deaths in Central Java has a heteroskedasticity problem so that Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is used. The distances used are Euclidean and Manhattan as well as the weighting function using Exponential and Tricube Kernel with Fixed Bandwidth. GWR modeling shows that not all independent variables are local, so Mixed Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) is used. The results of the GWR analysis with both distances and the two variable weighting functions are not local, including X2, X5, and X7. MGWR distance Manhattan Fixed Tricube Kernel became the better model, as the AICC value was smaller.
KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI MENGGUNAKAN METODE SVM GRID SEARCH DAN SVM GENETIC ALGORITHM (GA)
Authors: Awalullaili Fithroh Oktavi , Ispriyanti Dwi , Widiharih Tatik
Published: February 2023

Hypertension is an abnormally high pressure that occurs inside the arteries. Hypertension increased by 8.3% from 2013 based on health research in 2018. Some of the factors that cause hypertension include gender, age, salt consumption, cigarette consumption, cholesterol levels and a family history of hypertension. The data in this study are data on normal and hypertensive patients at the Padangsari Health Center for the period of July – December 2021. This study will classify blood pressure with the aim of obtaining the results of the accuracy of the classification of the methods used. The method used in this study is a support vector machine (SVM). SVM is a well-known algorithm, producing optimal solutions to classification problems. SVM uses kernel functions for separable nonlinear data. The displacement kernels used in this study are linear and RBF. SVM has the disadvantage of determining the best parameters, to overcome these weaknesses developed the method of finding the best parameters. The search for the parameters of this study used grid search and genetic algorithm (GA).  Grid search has the advantage of producing parameters that are close to the optimal value, while GA has the advantage of being easy to find global optimum values. This study will compare the classification results of the SVM grid search and SVM GA methods. The results of this study obtained the method that has the best accuracy, namely SVM grid search using a radial base function (RBF) kernel with an accuracy of 89.22%.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA BACKPROPAGATION DAN OPTIMASI CONJUGATE GRADIENT UNTUK KLASIFIKASI HASIL TES LABORATORIUM
Authors: Rosaamalia Wahyu Tiara , Santoso Rukun , Suparti Suparti
Published: February 2023

A blood test is generally used to evaluate the condition of the blood and its components, conduct screening, and aid diagnosis. Blood tests in the laboratory are commonly used to deliberate whether a patient needs to be hospitalized or treated as an outpatient. Backpropagation algorithm was selected for its ability to solve complex problems. Conjugate gradient optimization is used because it facilitates faster solution search. An electronic medical record containing the results of patient laboratory examinations was obtained from Mendeley. The data was divided into training and testing with a 95:5 ratio, which was discovered to be the best ratio from the experiments. The best architecture was achieved by a combination of 10 neurons in the input layer, 16 neurons in the first hidden layer, 2 neurons in the second hidden layer, and a neuron in the output layer. Purelin is used as the activation function for both the first hidden and output layers, whereas the binary sigmoid is used for the second hidden layer. The analysis revealed that for 100 bootstraps in training data, the network worked with an average accuracy of 60.17% and a recall of 99.77%, while the accuracy results in testing data were 69.23%.
PENGGUNAAN SELEKSI FITUR CHI-SQUARE DAN ALGORITMA MULTINOMIAL NAÏVE BAYES UNTUK ANALISIS SENTIMEN PELANGGGAN TOKOPEDIA
Authors: Ernayanti Tri , Mustafid Mustafid , Rusgiyono Agus , Hakim Arief Rachman
Published: February 2023

E-commerce is a medium for online shopping that is popular among the public. Ease of access for all internet users and the completeness of products offered by e-commerce are new alternatives in meeting the needs of the community. This causes stiff competition in the e-commerce, so e-commerce need to carry out the right marketing strategy in order to compete in obtaining, retaining, and partnering with customers, one of which is by reviewing aspects of customer satisfaction. Tokopedia is an e-commerce buying and selling online that connects sellers and buyers throughout Indonesia for free. In this study, an analysis of Tokopedia's customer sentiment was carried out with the Multinomial Naïve Bayes classification. Algorithm Multinomial Nave Bayes is a model development of the Nave Bayes. The difference lies in the selection of data, if Naïve Bayes uses a Gaussian that is suitable for continue, while Multinomial Naïve Bayes is suitable for discrete data such as the number of words in a document. Multinomial Naïve Bayes is the simplest method of probability classification but is sensitive to feature selection, so the amount of data is determined by the results of Chi-Square.Multinomial Naïve Bayes is used to classify customer opinions that are positive and negative so that they can form customer satisfaction factors Tokopedia, while the Chi-Square used to measure the level of feature dependence with class (positive and negative) so as to eliminate disturbing features in the classification process. Classification performance results using Multinomial Naïve Bayes without Chi-Square obtained accuracy and kappa statistics of 88% and 75.95%, while using Chi-Square obtained accuracy and kappa statistics of 95% and 89.99%, respectively. This means that Multinomial Naïve Bayes has quite effective performance and results in analyzing Tokopedia customer satisfaction sentiment and the use of Chi-Square for feature selection can improve the accuracy of the classification process.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN PENERAPAN PPKM PADA TWITTER MENGGUNAKAN NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFIER DENGAN SELEKSI FITUR CHI-SQUARE
Authors: Ratiasasadara Pualam Wahyu , Sudarno Sudarno , Tarno Tarno
Published: February 2023

Dissemination of information related to the implementation of PPKM takes place very quickly, especially on social media networks. Positive and negative news certainly has an impact on public opinion or sentiment on the implementation of PPKM. In this study, the data used is public opinion on Twitter social media with the keyword "PPKM" from November 2, 2021 to November 8, 2021 and obtained data as many as 12,616 tweets which then deleted duplicate data to become 6,465 data. Data classification was performed using Naïve Bayes with Chi-Square feature selection and the data were classified into positive and negative classes. The results of the classification performance using Nave Bayes with Chi-Square feature selection obtained an accuracy of 80% which means that the Nave Bayes classification model with Chi-Square feature selection is quite effective in classifying public opinion on the implementation of PPKM. Keywords: PPKM, Twitter, Sentyment Analysis, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Featured Selection Chi-Square.
Effectiveness of the Teacher Resilience Distance Support Programme in Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia
Authors: Petrulyte Ala , Guogienė Virginija , Briška Ilze , Gajdošová Eva , Svence Guna
Published: February 2023

As society becomes more modern, the economic and social significance ofteleworking is increasing. This trend has been particularly accelerated by theCovid-19 pandemic. Teleworking, as distance education/learning, has also beenapplied in the education system. However, there are limitations to such work, oneof which is the loss of communication between teachers and students. Schooleducators are in need of emotional resources and resilience when workingremotely. There is a lack of targeted distance support programmes for teachers. Aimof the study. To investigate the effectiveness of the Teacher Distance ResilienceSupport Programme. Study participants. 161 teachers from different schools inLithuania, Latvia and Slovakia. Methodology. Feedback questionnaire for theTeacher Resilience Support Programme (Svence, 2022); supervision of the trainingprogramme and focus group. Results. Relatively high Cronbach alpha values for thequestionnaire modules were established. It was found that teachers in the wholesample have a positive perception of the effectiveness of the distance supporttraining programme. Statistically significant differences were found in evaluationsof individual modules submitted by teachers from Lithuania, Latvia, and Slovakia.The age and experience of teachers did not show statistically significant difference.Conclusions. Teachers in all the three countries have positive perceptions of theeffectiveness of the distance support programme based on the feedbackquestionnaire and the supervision and focus group. In order to strengthen theresilience of teachers who work distance, it is recommended that the remotesupport programme is applied in school communities and included in teachertraining studies.
The raw materials policy of the European Union for rare earth elements
Authors: Kamprowski Rafał
Published: February 2023

This article deals with one of the dimensions of the European Union’s raw materials policy, including rare earth elements (REE). The core and overarching goal of the raw materials policy implemented by a given entity is to ensure security in terms of raw materials. Taking into account the current geopolitical situation and the ongoing war in Ukraine, the main part of discussion regarding raw materials security focuses on issues related to the supply of energy sources, including gas or coal. Rare earth elements, however, remain on the side-lines of these considerations. Rare earth elements are the foundation of modern technological development in many areas and fields. Due to their role, they have been the object of political rivalry between the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America for at least twenty years. The question of the place and role of the European Union in this system remains open. The research intention of the considerations in this article is to indicate the role of REEs in the raw materials policy implemented by the European Union. The research shows that, despite the relatively late involvement of the European Union in the identification of key REEs and the development of their supply chain, a clear professionalisation of EU practices has been observed for several years. It is also indicated that among the most important challenges for the European Union’s raw materials policy are factors such as excessive dependence of the supply chain on the People’s Republic of China and difficulties in obtaining REEs within the territory of European Union member states.
Stan i perspektywy rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce – ocena wyzwań i szans wdrażania Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu w rolnictwie
Authors: Miecznikowska-Jerzak Justyna
Published: February 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie stanu obecnego rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce na tle innych państw członkowskich UE oraz wskazanie perspektyw rozwoju produkcji ekologicznej w kontekście promowanych w ramach Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu zmian w rolnictwie. W 2020 roku udział rolnictwa ekologicznego w powierzchni użytków rolnych w Polsce wyniósł 3,5% (przy średniej wynoszącej w UE 8,5%) zaś udział gospodarstw ekologicznych w ogóle gospodarstw rolnych liczył jedynie 1,4%. Od 2014 roku można zaobserwować w Polsce spadek zarówno powierzchni przeznaczonej pod ekologiczną produkcję, jak i liczby ekologicznych gospodarstw rolnych. Jest to trend odwrotny od tego jaki był oczekiwany oraz wspierany w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej. Przyjęta hipoteza badawcza zakłada, że trudności związane z ekologizacją produkcji rolnej są pochodną sytuacji gospodarczo-społecznej, w tym siły nabywczej konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej w Polsce oraz kondycji rolnictwa. W artykule wyjaśniono w oparciu o unijne i krajowe akty prawne zasady produkcji ekologicznej. Następnie omówiono i porównano sytuację produkcyjno-ekonomiczną gospodarstw ekologicznych w Polsce i w UE, korzystając z danych statystycznych z lat 2004–2020. Przeanalizowano unijne strategie i krajowe plany nawołujące do intensyfikacji działań na rzecz rolnictwa ekologicznego. W podsumowaniu wskazano mocne i słabe strony oraz wyzwania i szanse stające przed ekologicznym rolnictwem w Polsce.
Regresywna koncepcja Unii Europejskiej na przykładzie dyskursu prowadzonego przez Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
Authors: Ruszkowski Janusz
Published: February 2023

Celem podjętej analizy jest z jednej strony rekonstrukcja rozproszonych cech, założeń i myśli dotyczących zarówno obecnego stanu Unii Europejskiej, jak i jej przyszłego kształtu oraz miejsca Polski w tej organizacji, charakteryzujących dyskurs prowadzony przez PIS, a z drugiej strony próba wsparcia tych cech i założeń konkretnymi określeniami, desygnatami i znacznikami, które nie tylko są składową tego dyskursu, ale także tworzą pewien mniej lub bardziej logiczny zbiór twierdzeń definiujących i określających Unię Europejską oraz proces integracji europejskiej, które były używane przez prominentnych przedstawicieli tej partii politycznej.

Wiodącym teoretycznym systemem wyjaśniania jest poststrukturalizm, który w tak postawionym problemie badawczym daje możliwość zastosowania metody analizy dyskursu (discourse analysis) będącej zoperacjonalizowanym systemem oznaczania praktyki politycznej i realnego otoczenia politycznego, gdyż artykulacja konstytuuje przedmiot badań, a nie tylko go oznacza i wyjaśnia.
On the Road to the Membership of the European Communities. Political, Economic and Social Changes in Greece, Spain, Portugal discussed in the “Polityka” weekly magazine (1981–1987)
Authors: Barabasz Adam
Published: February 2023

The main aim of the article is to present the views and opinions of the editors of the Polityka weekly on the extension of the European integration process to Greece, Spain and Portugal in 1981–1987. The author’s intention is to present reactions of journalists writing for the opinion-forming weekly in Poland to the political, economic and social changes taking place in the southern European states. The article uses the historical method and the analysis of sources and press articles. The following methods also proved to be useful: institutional and legal, comparative, decision-making and behavioral.
Tadeusz Wallas, Beata Przybylska-Maszner, Maciej Walkowski (ed.), EU external actions in the contested global order, Wydawnictwo Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa, Poznań 2022, ss. 233.
Authors: Adamiszyn Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

Recenzja
Globalne aspiracje Unii Europejskiej a jej miejsce i rola w układzie sił
Authors: Adamczyk Natalia
Published: February 2023

Unia Europejska aspiruje do odgrywania coraz to większej roli nie tylko w regionie europejskiego sąsiedztwa, ale i na płaszczyźnie globalnej. Jest potęgą gospodarczą i kulturowo-cywilizacyjną, przy czym jej siłę generują najsilniejsze państwa członkowskie. Niestety prowadzenie wspólnej polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa, w tym zwłaszcza projekcja siły militarnej wciąż pozostają jej piętą achillesową. Niejednokrotnie bowiem państwom członkowskim z uwagi na odmienne interesy trudno jest wypracować wspólne stanowisko lub podjąć wspólne działania. Ponadto widoczna postępująca reorientacja obecnego liberalnego ładu międzynarodowego na niekorzyść demokratycznych państw Zachodu, osłabienie prawa międzynarodowego i instytucji wielostronnych, narastanie międzynarodowych sprzeczności i otwartych konfliktów w południowym i wschodnim sąsiedztwie, generuje dla UE szereg implikacji, których konsekwencje będą miały wpływ na ostateczny kształt ładu międzynarodowego i miejsca UE w tym systemie.
Strominger connection and pluriclosed metrics
Authors: Zhao Quanting , Zheng Fangyang
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we prove a conjecture raised by Angella, Otal, Ugarte and Villacampa recently, which states that if the Strominger connection (also known as Bismut connection) of a compact Hermitian manifold is Kähler-like, in the sense that its curvature tensor obeys all the symmetries of the curvature of a Kähler manifold, then the metric must be pluriclosed. What we actually showed is a bit more: for any given Hermitian manifold, the Strominger Kähler-like condition is equivalent to the pluriclosedness of the metric plus the parallelness of the torsion.
Diabetes disease prediction system using HNB classifier based on discretization method
Authors: Al-Hameli Bassam Abdo , Alsewari AbdulRahman A. , Basurra Shadi S. , Bhogal Jagdev , Ali Mohammed A. H.
Published: February 2023

Diagnosing diabetes early is critical as it helps patients live with the disease in a healthy way – through healthy eating, taking appropriate medical doses, and making patients more vigilant in their movements/activities to avoid wounds that are difficult to heal for diabetic patients. Data mining techniques are typically used to detect diabetes with high confidence to avoid misdiagnoses with other chronic diseases whose symptoms are similar to diabetes. Hidden Naïve Bayes is one of the algorithms for classification, which works under a data-mining model based on the assumption of conditional independence of the traditional Naïve Bayes. The results from this research study, which was conducted on the Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) dataset collection, show that the prediction accuracy of the HNB classifier achieved 82%. As a result, the discretization method increases the performance and accuracy of the HNB classifier.
The typological frequency of consonants is highly predictive of their order of acquisition in English
Authors: Everett Caleb , Schwartz Sophie
Published: February 2023

The order of acquisition of consonants by children is impacted by both language-specific and species-wide factors. The latter factors also help to motivate the crosslinguistic commonness of some consonants. Here we explore the extent of overlap between crosslinguistic commonness and order of acquisition. We test how well the typological commonness of consonants is predictive of their order of acquisition in English, and vice versa, helping to shed light on the extent to which general cognitive and physical factors are explanatory vis-à-vis the acquisition of specific consonant types. We utilize several different sources to demonstrate that typological frequency and order of acquisition are indeed highly mutually predictive. We rely on acquisition data from English. We demonstrate that the crosslinguistic usage of a consonant is a better predictor of its order of acquisition than the language-specific factors tested.
Analysis of the working mechanism and detection sensitivity of a flash detector
Authors: Tian Hui , Sun Yanan , Ni Jinping , Wang Fan
Published: February 2023

Flash detectors are mainly used to detect the brief light flashing when projectiles are launched or exploded in the air. They can output trigger pulse signals in real time to start a test instrument and carry out data collection. Because flash detectors cannot work reliably under strong background light radiation, this work studied the flash detector mechanism. The influence of background light radiance, lens aperture, and detection distance on the effective signal was analyzed, a mathematical model of detection sensitivity based on the background radiation brightness control was proposed, a mathematical formula of the detection distance of the flash detector was deduced, and the optimal working conditions were obtained. The researched model was verified by simulation analysis and actual test experiments, in the same external circumstances, the limit detection distance of the optimal aperture compared to the maximum aperture increased by 20%, and the effective signal voltage amplitude was twice the amplitude at the maximum aperture, and the results showed the correctness of the analysis. The proposed detection sensitivity model can be applied for a dynamic photoelectric detection instrument, which broadens its potential application in the engineering field.