bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in cocaine self-administration by Wistar rats after predator odor exposure
Authors: Templeton Taylor J. , Diarra Siga , Gilpin Nicholas W.
Published: February 2023

Traumatic stress disorders are defined in part by persistent avoidance of trauma-related contexts. Our lab uses a preclinical model of traumatic stress using predator odor (i.e., bobcat urine) in which some but not all rats exhibit persistent avoidance of odor-paired stimuli, similar to what is seen in humans. Bobcat urine exposure increases alcohol consumption in male Avoider rats, but it has not been tested for its effects on intake of other drugs. Here, we tested the effect of bobcat urine exposure on cocaine self-administration in adult male and female Wistar rats. We did not observe any effect of bobcat urine exposure on cocaine self-administration in male or female rats. We observed that (1) female rats with long access (6 hours) to cocaine self-administer more cocaine than long-access males, (2) long-access males and females exhibit escalation of cocaine intake over time, (3) stressed rats gain less weight than unstressed rats following acute predator odor exposure, (4) baseline cocaine self-administration is predictive of subsequent cocaine self-administration. The results of this study may inform future work on predator odor effects on cocaine self-administration.
InjectionDesign: Plate Design with Optimized Stratified Block Randomization for Modern LC/GC-MS-Based Sample Preparation
Authors: Lu Miaoshan , Jiang Hengxuan , Wang Ruiming , An Shaowei , Wang Jiawei , Yu Changbin
Published: February 2023

Plate Design is a necessary and time-consuming operation for GC/LC-MS based sample preparation. The implementation of the inter-batch balancing algorithm and the intra-batch randomization algorithm can have a significant impact on the final analysis results. For researchers without programming skills, a stable and efficient online service for plate design is necessary. However, most exist products do not currently have online services, and are not optimized for GC/LC-MS instruments with custom injection capabilities. Here we describe InjectionDesign, a free online plate design service focus on GC/LC-MS-based multi-omics experiment design. It offers the ability to separate the position design from the sequence design, making the output more compatible with the requirements of a modern mass spectrometer-based laboratory. In addition, it has implemented an optimized block randomization algorithm, which can be better applied to sample stratification with block randomization for unbalanced distribution. It is easy to use, with built-in support for common instrument models and quick export to worksheet. InjectionDesign is an open-source project based on Java. Researchers can get the source code of the project from Github: https://github.com/CSi-Studio/InjectionDesign. A free web service is also provided: http://www.injection.design. | Demo Project: http://www.injection.design/#/project/detail?projectId=Test Keywords: InjectionDesign; Plate Design; Mass Spectrometry; Block Randomization; Stratified Balancing; Metabolomics; Proteomics; Web Service;
Comparing two topology transformer hysteresis models derived from DC hysteresis measurements
Authors: Albert Dennis , Domenig Lukas Daniel , Schachinger Philipp , Roppert Klaus , Renner Herwig
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of a direct current (DC) hysteresis measurement on power transformer terminals for the subsequent hysteresis model parametrization in transformer grey box topology models.

Design/methodology/approach

Two transformer topology models with two different hysteresis models are used together with a DC hysteresis measurement via the power transformer terminals to parameterize the hysteresis models by means of an optimization. The calculated current waveform with the derived model in the transformer no-load condition is compared to the measured no-load current waveforms to validate the model.

Findings

The proposed DC hysteresis measurement via the power transformer terminals is suitable to parametrize two hysteresis models implemented in transformer topology models to calculate the no-load current waveforms.

Originality/value

Different approaches for the measurement and utilization of transformer terminal measurements for the hysteresis model parametrization are discussed in literature. The transformer topology models, derived with the presented approach, are able to reproduce the transformer no-load current waveform with acceptable accuracy.
Local social network structure and promotion effectiveness in social commerce
Authors: Xu Huasi , Liu Yidi , Song Bingqing , Yin Xueyan , Li Xin
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Drawing on social network and information diffusion theories, the authors study the impact of the structural characteristics of a seller’s local social network on her promotion effectiveness in social commerce.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors define a local social network as one formed by a focal seller, her directly connected users and all links among these users. Using data from a large social commerce website in China, the authors build econometric models to investigate how the density, grouping and centralization of local social networks affect the number of likes received by products posted by sellers.

Findings

Local social networks with low density, grouping and centralization are associated with more likes on sellers’ posted products. The negative effects of grouping and centralization are reduced when density is high.

Originality/value

The paper deepens the understanding of the determinants of social commerce success from a network structure perspective. In particular, it draws attention to the role of sellers’ local social networks, forming a foundation for future research on social commerce.
Investigating the impact of body shape on garment fit
Authors: Chrimes Courtney , Boardman Rosy , McCormick Helen , Vignali Gianpaolo
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Body shape is a critical variable influencing consumers' garment choices (Zakaria, 2017), yet research investigating how UK females with varying body shapes evaluate and experience fit is limited. Moreover, while digital methods exist to classify female body shapes, application in a commercial setting is limited. To fill this gap within the literature, this study aims to understand the influence of body shape variation on garment fit evaluations of 30 UK females aged 18–34 years.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts a physical garment try-on session whereby 30 UK females aged 18–34 years were body-scanned and categorised into a body shape, using the Female Figure Identification Technique method. Participants verbalised their fit experiences during a physical try-on session through semi-structured interviews to gain a deeper understanding of individuals' fit appraisals.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that UK females who share the same body shape classification experience the same issues when appraising dress fit, challenging Makhanya and Mabuza (2020) who found that body shape does not influence apparel fit satisfaction. The results shed light on the importance of body shape during the fit appraisal process.

Research limitations/implications

Despite the contribution, future research to improve the limitations should be addressed. First, although it was necessary to investigate a UK demographic to address research gaps, the finding of this study cannot be generalised to the entire UK female population nor to other areas of the world. Hence, future research should overcome this limitation by extending this study further to other countries, cultures and ethnicities.

Practical implications

The findings of the present study shed light on the role of body shape in determining satisfactory clothing fit and how females' fit experiences will differ depending on their body shape classification. Thus, fashion retailers should use this insight to better inform their promotional strategies, not only making them more inclusive but also to help assist this particular consumer segment with their clothing decisions based on their body shape.

Originality/value

The present study provides an in-depth understanding of how females with the same body shape experience garment fit, contributing novel findings to the literature through a mixed-method inquiry previously lacking in this area, with a UK demographic which has not previously been explored.
The G20 and the Think 20 as new global education policy actors? Discursive analysis of roles and policy ideas
Authors: Matovich Ivan , Srivastava Prachi
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The Group of Twenty (G20) has substantial influence in global economic policy but has been peripheral in global education governance. There is intensification of education policy-relevant engagement within the Think 20 (T20), the “ideas bank” and official engagement group of the G20. The authors analyse the evolution of education as a policy domain within the T20, the ideas and discursive framing of education and global education policy “solutions” and assumptions about the G20 in education policy engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors view the T20 as an external actor that can mobilise policy-relevant ideas to G20 actors responsible for internal policy selection and translation. The analysis covers the period 2018–2021 when education became an explicit T20 policy area. The authors screened all 461 T20 policy briefs across all domains. Of these, 32 briefs and four final T20 Summit communiqués were reviewed using critical discourse analysis. Data were supplemented via organisational websites and tacit professional knowledge.

Findings

Three assumptions on the G20 as an actor prevailed: (1) policymaker, (2) policy shaper and (3) knowledge mobiliser. The framing ideas on education were linked to assumptions on drivers of education system reform as intertwined with, or to enable: (1) economic adaptation, (2) technical adaptation and (3) socio-political adaptation of individuals and societies.

Originality/value

Accelerated education engagement within the T20 and its direct reach to G20 leaders makes it, and the G20, analytically unique and new unexamined actors of potential influence. The authors conclude that the T20 is positioned as a unique actor, both that can mobilise education policy-relevant ideas to G20 leaders, and legitimised as the actor from which G20 leaders and policymakers should adopt ideas.
The role of music in social projects: an introduction to its well-being benefits
Authors: Odena Oscar
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the role of music in social projects.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper introduces the reader to the field of social music projects and why it is important.

Findings

Ongoing conflicts, inequalities and the use of orchestras and choirs for other-than-musical purposes, have all contributed to an increasing interest and adoption of music practices in social projects to support people’s inclusion and well-being, from both service providers and service users.

Research limitations/implications

This paper will look at research into music for social inclusion, with particular attention on benefits related to well-being and methodological innovations in this field.

Practical implications

The research examples will also consider the implications of various social music projects for the support of well-being of diverse groups of people.

Social implications

Different approaches and points of view will be considered in relation to their impact on inclusion and well-being.

Originality/value

Over the past 17 years, the author has developed an interest in the use of music and musical creativity for social purposes. The author has recently edited a book, published by Routledge, on music and social inclusion and feels it is an important topic for the Journal of Mental Health and Social Inclusion.
A hybrid ANN/PSO optimization of material composition and process parameters for enhancement of mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed sample
Authors: Seyedzavvar Mirsadegh
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to study the effects of inorganic CaCO3 nanoadditives in the polylactic acid (PLA) matrix and fused filament fabrication (FFF) process parameters on the mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed components.

Design/methodology/approach

The PLA filaments containing different levels of CaCO3 nanoparticles have been produced by mix-blending/extrusion process and were used to fabricate tensile and three-point bending test samples in FFF process under various sets of printing speed (PS), layer thickness (LT), filling ratio (FR) and printing pattern (PP) under a Taguchi L27 orthogonal array design. The quantified values of mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed samples in the uniaxial and the three-point bending experiments were modeled and optimized using a hybrid neural network/particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results of this hybrid scheme were used to specify the FFF process parameters and the concentration of nanoadditive in the matrix that result in the maximum mechanical properties of fabricated samples, individually and also in an accumulative response scheme. Diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests were conducted on a number of samples and the results were used to interpret the variations observed in the response variables of fabricated components against the FFF parameters and concentration of CaCO3 nanoadditives.

Findings

The results of optimization in an accumulative scheme showed that the samples of linear PP, fabricated at high PS, low LT and at 100% FR, while containing 0.64% of CaCO3 nanoadditives in the matrix, would possess the highest mechanical characteristics of 3D-printed PLA components.

Originality/value

FFF is a widely accepted additive manufacturing technique in production of different samples, from prototypes to the final products, in various sectors of industry. The incorporation of chopped fibers and nanoparticles has been introduced recently in a few articles to improve the mechanical characteristics of produced components in FFF technique. However, the effectiveness of such practice is strongly dependent on the extrusion parameters and composition of polymer matrix.
How do ESG practices create value for businesses? Research review and prospects
Authors: Wang Ni , Pan Haiying , Feng Yuze , Du Sixuan
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the impact mechanisms and weighting factors of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices on corporate value through bibliometric analysis and core interpretation of existing literature, further explore whether and under what conditions ESG practices contribute to the corporate value creation, and provide an outlook on future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

Bibliometric method is used to analyze literature co-citation, burst detection and keyword co-occurrence, and literature review method is used to condense important ideas from the existing literature.

Findings

Through the review, analysis and summary of the existing literature, this paper finds that the perspectives of risk, information and strategy reflect the key pathways through which ESG practices play a role in avoiding harm and creating value for companies directly or indirectly. Macro, meso and micro factors moderate the direction and extent of the impact. Moreover, considering the relationship between ESG performance and ESG disclosure is key to understanding some contradictory findings.

Research limitations/implications

The search terms limit the articles considered, and therefore, the research framework may be incomplete. Moreover, this article is primarily aimed at the research field and lacks guidance at the practical level.

Practical implications

This paper helps the academic community to deepen its understanding of ESG, moving beyond the question of whether ESG is linked to corporate value to further understand why and under what conditions ESG practices create value for firms.

Social implications

This paper has great practical significance in motivating companies to actively participate in ESG practices.

Originality/value

The theoretical framework in this paper reveals the black box between enterprise ESG practices and value creation, and clarifies the research boundary of “the relationship between ESG practices and value creation,” contributing to the future research in this field.
Multimorbidity warrants a proactive management of pregnancy in cancer survivors
Authors: van der Kooi A.‐L. L. F.
Published: February 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Desai et al., pp. 779–789 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17380.
Rapid CRISPR‐Cas13a genetic identification enables new opportunities for listed Chinook salmon management
Authors: Baerwald Melinda R. , Funk Emily C. , Goodbla Alisha M. , Campbell Matthew A. , Thompson Tasha , Meek Mariah H. , Schreier Andrea D.
Published: February 2023

Accurate taxonomic identification is foundational for effective species monitoring and management. When visual identifications are infeasible or inaccurate, genetic approaches provide a reliable alternative. However, these approaches are sometimes less viable (e.g., need for near real‐time results, remote locations, funding concerns, molecular inexperience). In these situations, CRISPR‐based genetic tools can fill an unoccupied niche between real‐time, inexpensive, but error‐prone visual identification and more expensive or time‐consuming, but accurate genetic identification for taxonomic units that are difficult or impossible to visually identify. Herein, we use genomic data to develop CRISPR‐based SHERLOCK assays capable of rapidly (<1 h), accurately (94%–98% concordance between phenotypic and genotypic assignments), and sensitively (detects 1–10 DNA copies/reaction) distinguishing ESA‐listed Chinook salmon runs (winter‐ and spring‐run) from each other and from unlisted runs (fall‐ and late fall‐run) in California's Central Valley. The assays can be field deployable with minimally invasive mucus swabbing negating the need for DNA extraction (decreasing costs and labour), minimal and inexpensive equipment needs, and minimal training to conduct following assay development. This study provides a powerful genetic approach for a species of conservation concern that benefits from near real‐time management decision‐making but also serves as a precedent for transforming how conservation scientists and managers view genetic identification going forward. Once developed, CRISPR‐based tools can provide accurate, sensitive, and rapid results, potentially without the prohibitive need for expensive specialty equipment or extensive molecular training. Further adoption of this technology will have widespread value for the monitoring and protection of our natural resources.
Effects of wearable physical activity tracking for breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Mingyue , Wu Keyang , Zhao Jiaxin , Hou Xiaohui , Chen Piao , Wang Bing
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Breast cancer is the most common cancer type worldwide, with its survivors often experiencing physical and psychosocial health problems. Wearable device use is an innovative and effective way to promote physical activity and improve health‐related outcomes in breast cancer survivors; however, the current evidence is unclear. We aimed to determine the effects of wearable devices on physical activity and health‐related outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify eligible studies from inception to September 2022. Additional relevant studies were obtained from the reference lists of the identified studies. Two reviewers independently screened the eligible studies, appraised the risk of bias, and extracted the data. Meta‐analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.3.

Findings

Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included. Physical activity tracking and pedometer‐based interventions improved moderate‐intensity physical activity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.46, p < 0.0001), moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (SMD = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.38–1.32, p = 0.0004), total physical activity (SMD = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.12–0.90, p = 0.01), quality of life (SMD = 0.17, 95%CI: 0.03–0.31, p = 0.01), physical function (SMD = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.04–0.38, p = 0.02), and mood state profiles (SMD = −0.58, 95%CI: −1.13 to 0.02, p = 0.04) in breast cancer survivors. However, the effects of low‐intensity physical activity, vigorous‐intensity physical activity, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality could not be ascertained.

Conclusions

Physical activity tracking and pedometer‐based interventions were effective in increasing physical activity and improving health‐related outcomes in breast cancer survivors.

Implications for nursing practice

This review offers availability of credible evidence supporting the potential usefulness and effectiveness of wearable physical activity trackers on physical activity and health‐related outcomes in breast cancer survivors.
Understanding the effect of cover crop use on prevented planting losses
Authors: Won Sunjae , Rejesus Roderick M. , Goodwin Barry K. , Aglasan Serkan
Published: February 2023

Cover cropping has the potential to improve resilience of agriculture to climate‐change‐induced extreme weather events. However, rigorous quantitative evidence on the resilience effect of cover crops is still lacking. Using a novel data set that combines satellite‐based cover crop information and county‐level crop insurance data, we examine the impact of planting cover crops on prevented‐planting‐related losses that are typically caused by heavy rainfall events. The US federal crop insurance program offers “prevented planting” coverage, which pays indemnities if insured growers are unable to plant their crop due to adverse weather. Linear fixed effects models, instrument‐based estimation methods, long‐difference models, and a number of other robustness checks are utilized in the empirical analysis to achieve the study objective. Our findings suggest that counties with higher cover crop adoption rates tend to have lower levels of crop insurance losses due to prevented planting. The resulting reduction in prevented planting risk also becomes larger with longer term, multiyear cover crop use. These results support the notion that cover crops improve soil conditions such that the likelihood and magnitude of prevented planting losses decrease. We posit that the ability of cover crops to handle excess moisture (i.e., through better water absorption and improved water infiltration in the soil) is the main factor in its ability to reduce prevented planting losses in the US Midwest.
Socionatures, Space, and Decolonisation: Amílcar Cabral's Praxis of Dialectics
Authors: deGrassi Aharon
Published: February 2023

The agronomic writings of influential theorist and independence leader Amílcar Cabral contain a hitherto underappreciated dialectical approach that is environmental, nonreductive, spatialised, nonteleological, and anticolonial, with significance for geographies that are simultaneously critical, physical, Southern, Black, African, and decolonial. Cabral's interests in socionatures—and especially colonialism and the state—emerged from childhood in colonial Cabo Verde. His undergraduate thesis examines dialectics of soil erosion and agrarian structures in Portugal, amidst his politicisation and anti‐colonial networking. He developed his dialectical approach spatially as he conducted Guinea‐Bissau's agricultural census and advanced beyond methodological nationalism and evolutionary stagism by emphasising colonial connections (colonial state mechanisation and export crops in African agrarian systems). These insights and concerns shaped and were shaped by his work on warehouses, Angolan plantations, and broader post‐1960 liberation struggles to suggest that a rural guerrilla strategy was possible and necessary in Guinea through dialectical engagements with diverse peasantries and international support.
Capnometry during neonatal transport—Mini review
Authors: Fucikova Hana , Blatny Jan , Stingl Jan , Miletin Jan
Published: February 2023

Aim

The aim of this review was to give an overview of available data on end‐tidal CO2 (etCO2) monitoring, also called capnometry, during neonatal transport.

Methods

Pubmed/MEDLINE database was searched using research question (capno* OR etCO2 OR detCO2 OR ([‘end tidal’ OR ‘end‐tidal’] AND [CO2 OR ‘carbon dioxide’]) AND (neonat* OR infant* OR newborn*) AND transport*). All articles relevant to the topic were reviewed and summarised.

Results

The lack of studies relevant to neonatal transport prompted us to extend the search to capnometry in a neonatal intensive care setting. The published studies are showing conflicting results. The different study populations, technologies used to measure etCO2, types of etCO2 sampling and the diverse sites of blood gas tests make the data unsuitable for systematic comparison.

Conclusion

Further research to obtain more data on capnometry during neonatal transport will be necessary to define precisely under what circumstances can end‐tidal monitoring of CO2 be reliably used in neonates during transport and also how to interpret the measured values.
Optimal placement of self‐fixating mesh in the rectus abdominis muscle for ventral hernia repair when using the enhanced‐view totally extraperitoneal Rives‐Stoppa technique
Authors: Tanioka Toshiro , Yatabe Yusuke , Saito Toshifumi , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Fujiwara Hisashi , Sato Yuya , Kawada Kenro , Haruki Shigeo , Tokunaga Masanori , Kinugasa Yusuke
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Laparoscopic retro‐muscular Rives‐Stoppa (RS) ventral hernia repair using the enhanced‐view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) technique (eTEP‐RS) is becoming common. Although self‐fixating mesh is useful with good fixation, some surgeons think the fixating surface must be oriented towards the rectus abdominis muscle for safety reasons in eTEP‐RS. Attaching the self‐fixating mesh to the rectus abdominis, the ceiling of the operative field, is challenging and time‐consuming.

Material and Surgical Technique

First, the self‐fixating mesh is folded in half with the fixation surface facing outwards. Second, we create a partition sheet and insert the sheet between the two arms of the folded mesh. The folded mesh is then inserted intracorporeally. We can unfold the mesh easily from one‐quarter width to half width on the rectus abdominis muscle because of the insertion of the partition sheet. Finally, the mesh is unfolded to full width, and the mesh placement is completed.

Discussion

The eTEP‐RS is still a new procedure and has not yet been standardized. However, our technique will increase the use of self‐fixating mesh and improve the outcomes of eTEP‐RS.
Vancomycin audit in the paediatric population: Patterns of use and appropriateness of therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Abdel Jalil Mariam , Khaled Farah , Qaryouti Farah , Abu Hammour Khawla , Alsous Mervat , Al‐Iede Montaha
Published: February 2023

Aims

This study aims to investigate prescribing and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) practices for vancomycin in paediatrics at the Jordan University Hospital and to determine the impact of inaccuracies in TDM data on dosing decisions.

Methods

Patterns of vancomycin prescriptions, appropriateness of vancomycin dosing, duration, TDM, and the accuracy of the recorded dosing/sampling times were determined prospectively based on prespecified criteria. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken using the mrgsolve‐package in R to assess the effect of inaccuracies in recording dosing/sampling times on subsequent dose adjustments.

Results

Four hundred forty‐two vancomycin courses were analysed. Vancomycin prescriptions were mainly empirical (77.4%). Initial vancomycin doses were appropriate in 73.1% of vancomycin courses. Prolonged use (>5 days) was found in 45.7% of admissions with negative cultures; this was related to the diagnosis of suspected sepsis unadjusted‐OR: 1.8 (1.1–2.9). TDM was appropriately ordered in 90.7% of concentrations. Discrepancies between the recorded and actual times were noted in 83.9% and 82.7% of audited times of dose administration and sample collection, respectively. Based on simulations, these discrepancies were predicted to result in inappropriate dose adjustment in 37.9% of patients.

Conclusions

Inappropriate empirical and prolonged vancomycin use and inaccuracies in recording dosing/sampling times are important areas of improvement in the current clinical practice.
Business ethics: Between Friedman and Freeman? A response to A Puzzle about Business Ethics
Authors: Hühn Matthias P.
Published: February 2023

The biggest research programme within business ethics is arguably Corporate Social Responsibility and all its related streams (Corporate Citizenship, Social Justice, etc.) While there seems to be widespread agreement that business ethics is situated between the amoral or even immoral view of Milton Friedman as explicated in his 1970 New York Times paper, and the moral view expounded by R. Edward Freeman, this essay challenges that view. Friedman, maybe owed to his flamboyant writing style and crude and purely rhetorical oversimplifications has been misinterpreted to advocate for managers to be completely amoral maximisers of profitability. This misinterpretation has become common wisdom, despite him clearly stating that the law and the moral standards of surrounding society must limit profit‐seeking behaviour. Freeman's stakeholder theory, on the other hand, is seen as being on the other end of the continuum, arguing for selflessness—another misinterpretation, as I argue with Ed Freeman's help. Instead, I suggest that both Friedman and Freeman represent the virtuous mean of the business ethics continuum and not its extremes because they both base their theories on the idea of the free and socially embedded individual. The two vicious ends of the continuum are inhabited by the unreal, atomised, completely a‐social and selfish individual on the one end, and by the equally unreal collectivised self‐less individual on the other. The mainstream in business ethics has declared the collective and selfless end to be the ideal that must guide practice and research. The selfish and the selfless strawmen have prevented a proper debate in business ethics for too long.
Biologically driven isotopic fractionations in bivalves: from palaeoenvironmental problem to palaeophysiological proxy
Authors: Curley Allison N. , Petersen Sierra V. , Edie Stewart M. , Guo Weifu
Published: February 2023

Traditional bulk stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) and clumped isotope (Δ47) records from bivalve shells provide invaluable histories of Earth's local and global climate change. However, biologically driven isotopic fractionations (BioDIFs) can overprint primary environmental signals in the shell. Here, we explore how conventional measurements of δ18O, δ13C, and Δ47 in bivalve shells can be re‐interpreted to investigate these physiological processes deliberately. Using intrashell Δ47 and δ18O alignment as a proxy for equilibrium state, we separately examine fractionations and/or disequilibrium occurring in the two major stages of the biomineralisation process: the secretion of the extrapallial fluid (EPF) and the precipitation of shell material from the EPF. We measured δ18O, δ13C, and Δ47 in fossil shells representing five genera (Lahillia, Dozyia, Eselaevitrigonia, Nordenskjoldia, and Cucullaea) from the Maastrichtian age [66–69 million years ago (Ma)] López de Bertodano Formation on Seymour Island, Antarctica. Material was sampled from both the outer and inner shell layers (OSL and ISL, respectively), which precipitate from separate EPF reservoirs. We find consistent δ18O values across the five taxa, indicating that the composition of the OSL can be a reliable palaeoclimate proxy. However, relative to the OSL baseline, ISLs of all taxa show BioDIFs in one or more isotopic parameters. We discuss/hypothesise potential origins of these BioDIFs by synthesising isotope systematics with the physiological processes underlying shell biomineralisation. We propose a generalised analytical and interpretive framework that maximises the amount of palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiological information that can be derived from the isotopic composition of fossil shell material, even in the presence of previously confounding ‘vital effects’. Applying this framework in deep time can expand the utility of δ18O, δ13C, and Δ47 measurements from proxies of past environments to proxies for certain biomineralisation strategies across space, time, and phylogeny among Bivalvia and other calcifying organisms.
Comparative microcomputed tomography and histological analysis of the effects of a horizontal platelet‐rich fibrin bone block on maxillary sinus augmentation: A preclinical in vivo study
Authors: Yu Shimin , Tian Yinping , Wei Yan , Feng Mengge , Li Sensen , Tong Guoyong , Yu Zhouqing , Wang Yunxiao , Miron Richard J. , Zhang Yufeng , Wang Yulan , Yang Zaibo
Published: February 2023

Background

While suggested to be effective in tissue regeneration, the effects of horizontal platelet‐rich fibrin (H‐PRF) bone block in sinus augmentation have not been verified in an animal model.

Methods

A total of 12 male New Zealand white rabbits that underwent sinus augmentation were divided into two groups: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) only and H‐PRF bone block. H‐PRF was prepared at 700 × g for 8 min using a horizontal centrifuge. The H‐PRF bone block was prepared by mixing 0.1 g DBBM with H‐PRF fragments and then adding liquid H‐PRF. Samples were collected after 4 and 8 weeks and analyzed using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) for vertical bone gain of the sinus, bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) percentage, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Then, histological analyses were performed to investigate new blood vessels, material residue, bone formation and osteoclasts.

Results

Higher vertical bone gain of the sinus floor, BV/TV percentage, Tb.Th, and Tb.N and lower Tb.Sp were found in the H‐PRF bone block group at both time points compared with the DBBM group. Higher amounts of new blood vessels and more osteoclasts were found in the H‐PRF bone block group than in the DBBM group at both time points, especially in the regions close to the bone plate. More new bone formation and less material residue were observed in the H‐PRF bone block group at 8 weeks.

Conclusions

H‐PRF bone block showed greater potential for sinus augmentation by promoting angiogenesis, bone formation and bone remodeling in a rabbit model.
Anti‐human leukocyte antigen and anti‐ABO antibodies after SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Nishida Hayato , Takai Satoshi , Ito Hiromi , Fukuhara Hiroki , Nawano Takaaki , Narisawa Takafumi , Kanno Hidenori , Yagi Mayu , Yamagishi Atsushi , Sakurai Toshihiko , Naito Sei , Tsuchiya Norihiko
Published: February 2023

Introduction

In this study, we evaluated whether SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccines induce anti‐human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies and anti‐ ABO blood type antibodies (ABOAb) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).

Methods

Sixty‐three adult KTRs with functioning grafts who received two doses of the SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine were enrolled in this cohort. Changes in anti‐ABO blood type immunoglobulin IgM and IgG antibody titers, flow panel reactive antibody (PRA), de novo donor‐specific anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibodies (DSA), and kidney allograft function before and after vaccination were evaluated.

Results

Only one patient experienced conversion from negative to positive flow PRA after vaccination. However, there was no DSA in single antigen flow‐bead assays. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in the eight DSA‐positive recipients did not significantly change before and after vaccination (p = .383), and no additional DSA was produced after vaccination in those patients. No significant elevation of ABOAb titer was observed for either IgM (p = .438) or IgG (p = .526) after vaccination. There was no significant deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after vaccination (p = .877) or elevation of the urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (p = .209) after vaccination. One episode of AMR was observed in addition to a preexisting acute cellular rejection.

Conclusions

The SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine did not induce anti‐HLA antibody or ABOAb production in KTRs.
China's Rural Industrialization and Agricultural Mechanization
Authors: Ma Xin , Huang Tao
Published: February 2023

Rural industrialization provides nonfarm employment opportunities and financial support for farmers and may be a non‐negligible cause of agricultural mechanization in China. However, there is a lack of empirical studies on this topic due to challenges in obtaining data and identifying causal relationships. In this paper, we use multiple data sources and construct an instrumental variable based on the number of handicraft production cooperatives in 1957 to test empirically the causal effect of rural industrialization on agricultural mechanization. The results show that rural industrialization contributes significantly and robustly to agricultural mechanization. A 10 percent increase in the average number of industrial enterprises per township was associated with a 1.05 percent increase in the agricultural machinery power per unit area of arable land. Both the demand effect and income effect played crucial roles in the interaction between these two phenomena.
Key informant perspectives on the enforcement of police‐imposed barring notices and prohibition orders in Western Australia
Authors: Farmer Clare , Miller Peter G.
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Individuals who engage in problematic behaviours within Australian night‐time entertainment precincts can be banned from entering certain locations. Bans are expected to deter recipients, and prospective recipients, from further inappropriate behaviours. The collective effect is intended to reduce crime and increase community safety within entertainment precincts. This article explores key informant perspectives regarding the enforcement of two patron banning mechanisms (police barring notices and prohibition orders) used across Western Australia.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with 54 participants, including licensees, venue staff, WA Police officers, ID scanner representatives, and Registered Training Organisations.

Results

Few participants opposed patron banning in principle, but most identified limitations within the current operation of both provisions. Concerns were expressed about the effectiveness of enforcement, linked to questions about the way in which banned patron information is currently shared and the practicalities of identifying recipients of bans. Suggestions included improved data‐sharing protocols and the wider use of ID scanners.

Discussion/Conclusion

With improvements to operational processes—particularly more effective sharing of banned patron data, and consideration of networked ID scanners—there is clear potential to improve the enforcement and increase the effectiveness of police barring notices and prohibition orders. This study is part of a wider project which has examined the use and effects of patron banning in WA. Additional findings are presented in further papers.
Taxes, subsidies and gender gaps in hours and wages
Authors: Duval‐Hernández Robert , Fang Lei , Rachel Ngai L.
Published: February 2023

Using microdata from 17 OECD countries, this paper documents a negative cross‐country correlation between gender gaps in market hours and wages. We find that the cross‐country differences in market hours are mostly accounted for by female market hours and the size of the sector that produces close substitutes to home production. We quantify the role played by taxes and family care subsidies on the two gender gaps in a multi‐sector model with home production. Higher taxes and lower subsidies reduce the marketization of home production, leading to lower market hours. The effect is largely on women because both home production and the production of its market substitutes are female‐intensive. The larger fall in female market hours reduces relative female labour supply, contributing to a higher female to male wage ratio.
Chloroform‐labile trace elements in soil via fumigation‐extraction: Steps towards the soil microbial ionome beyond C:N:P
Authors: Schwalb S. A. , Khan K. S. , Hemkemeyer M. , Heinze S. , Oskonbaeva Z. , Joergensen R. G. , Wichern F.
Published: February 2023

Secondary and trace elements may be limiting soil microbial functioning, albeit microbial demand and content remain largely unknown and methods for their in situ detection are limited. Thus, the objective of the present study was to take the first step towards the method development for the assessment of the soil microbial ionome, that is, the elemental composition of soil microbial communities. Chloroform (CHCl3) fumigation extraction was used for the detection of microbial CHCl3‐labile secondary and trace element concentrations in soils. The suitability of two extractants (NH4NO3, CaCl2) for the quantification of CHCl3‐labile concentrations of phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, sodium, and magnesium, as well as selenium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, silicon, barium, arsenic, and cadmium, were tested in six agricultural soils. Additionally, three soil to extractant ratios (1:5, 1:10, and 1:20) and two extraction durations, 1 or 2 h, were tested in a subset of two soils. Out of the two extractants tested, 0.01 M CaCl2was found to be the best‐suited extractant. For CaCl2, a soil‐to‐extractant ratio of 1:20 with an extraction time of 1 h was best for the majority of elements in the two soils tested. In a limited number of agricultural soils, we were able to show that CHCl3fumigation extraction can successfully be applied to the elements phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, vanadium, boron, silicon, and barium to yield a CHCl3‐labile element fraction. Conversion values to microbial biomass, accounting for elements contained in the cell envelope components, which are mostly not extractable, and to account for adsorption to soil colloids during extraction are yet to be determined in a larger variety of soils. To overcome some of the limitations of the fumigation extraction approach for secondary and trace elements, a pre‐extraction step may provide a suitable solution.
Bioconversion of retinol and its cell barrier function in human immortalized keratinocytes cells and artificial epidermis–dermis skin
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Eun , Kim Woo‐Hyun , Kim Sehyun , Na Yongjoo , Choi Joonho , Hong Yong‐deok , Park Won‐Seok , Shim Soon‐Mi
Published: February 2023

The current study aimed to characterize cellular uptake and bioconversion of retinol in fully differentiated human immortalized keratinocytes cells (HaCaT) and artificial skin by measuring the cell integrity of skin barriers, time‐dependent transport of retinol, and bioconversion to its metabolites. The expression of epidermal differentiation related genes including Keratin 1 (KRT1), Keratin 10 (KRT10), and Involucrin (IVL) significantly increased in differentiated HaCaT. TEER of HaCaT did not decrease after incubating retinol compared to control (p > 0.05), indicating that retinol tends to maintain strength and integrity of epidermal barrier. TEER of artificial skin decreased treatment of retinol for 2 h, but it was recovered after 4 h. During retinol transport, metabolite was eluted at 13.37 and 13.82 min of basal medium of both keratinocytes and artificial skin, which was identified as retinoic acid by product ion of m/z 283.47. Retinol appeared to be accumulated in keratinocytes, but its uptake tends to be reduced in a time‐dependent manner. Retinoic acid converted from retinol in keratinocytes was time dependently transported. In case of artificial skin, retinol was mostly found in apical at initial incubation time, but it was reduced during incubation for 24 h. Retinoic acid was time‐dependently found in a basal, which was converted via epidermis–dermis. Results from the current study suggest that topical application of retinol to human skin optimal concentration and time exposure could maintain epidermal barrier function and promote skin function due to its remarkable bioconversion to retinoic acid in the epidermis–dermis.
Unintended consequences of climate‐adaptive fisheries management targets
Authors: Szuwalski Cody S. , Hollowed Anne B. , Holsman Kirstin K. , Ianelli James N. , Legault Christopher M. , Melnychuk Michael C. , Ovando Dan , Punt Andre E.
Published: February 2023

Climate change is projected to affect the productivity of global fisheries. Management based on maximum sustainable yield (MSY) has been effective at eliminating overfishing in many regions. However, continuing to use yield‐maximizing targets under climate‐driven changes in productivity can result in higher anthropogenic pressure on populations subject to climate‐related stress than maintaining status quo management targets. We demonstrate this effect using a theoretical example and case studies from snow crab in the eastern Bering Sea and a global marine fisheries database. In these examples, the conservation gain (i.e. biomass in the ocean) of maintaining status quo management targets is larger than the small gain in harvest made through climate adaptation in MSY‐based management. The aggregate conservation gain of maintaining management targets increases as the harmful impacts of climate change on productivity worsen. Instead of climate‐adaptive MSY‐based targets, new management tools are needed to balance conservation and food production in ecosystems of populations displaying non‐stationary productivity.
Distinct responses and range shifts of lizard populations across an elevational gradient under climate change
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Wen , Ma Liang , Mi Chun‐Rong , Tao Shi‐Ang , Guo Fengyi , Du Wei‐Guo
Published: February 2023

Ongoing climate change has profoundly affected global biodiversity, but its impacts on populations across elevations remain understudied. Using mechanistic niche models incorporating species traits, we predicted ecophysiological responses (activity times, oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss) for lizard populations at high‐elevation (<3600 m asl) and extra‐high‐elevation (≥3600 m asl) under recent (1970–2000) and future (2081–2100) climates. Compared with their high‐elevation counterparts, lizards from extra‐high‐elevation are predicted to experience a greater increase in activity time and oxygen consumption. By integrating these ecophysiological responses into hybrid species distribution models (HSDMs), we were able to make the following predictions under two warming scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP5‐8.5). By 2081–2100, we predict that lizards at both high‐ and extra‐high‐elevation will shift upslope; lizards at extra‐high‐elevation will gain more and lose less habitat than will their high‐elevation congeners. We therefore advocate the conservation of high‐elevation species in the context of climate change, especially for those populations living close to their lower elevational range limits. In addition, by comparing the results from HSDMs and traditional species distribution models, we highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation and local adaptation in physiological traits along elevational gradients when forecasting species' future distributions under climate change.