bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-bipartite Leonard pairs
Authors: Nomura Kazumasa , Terwilliger Paul
Published: February 2024

Let $\mathbb{F}$ denote a field, and let $V$ denote a vector space over $\mathbb{F}$ with finite positive dimension. A Leonard pair on $V$ is an ordered pair of diagonalizable $\mathbb{F}$-linear maps $A: V \to V$ and $A^* : V \to V$ that each act on an eigenbasis for the other in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion. Let $A,A^*$ denote a Leonard pair on $V$. Let $\{v_i\}_{i=0}^d$ denote an eigenbasis for $A^*$ on which $A$ acts in an irreducible tridiagonal fashion. For $0 \leq i \leq d$, define an $\mathbb{F}$-linear map $E^*_i : V \to V$ such that $E^*_i v_i = v_i$ and $E^*_i v_j = 0$ if $j \neq i$ $(0 \leq j \leq d)$. The map $F = \sum_{i=0}^d E^*_i A E^*_i$ is called the flat part of $A$. The Leonard pair $A,A^*$ is bipartite whenever $F=0$. The Leonard pair $A,A^*$ is said to be near-bipartite whenever the pair $A-F, A^*$ is a Leonard pair on $V$. In this case, the Leonard pair $A-F, A^*$ is bipartite and called the bipartite contraction of $A,A^*$. Let $B,B^*$ denote a bipartite Leonard pair on $V$. By a near-bipartite expansion of $B,B^*$, we mean a near-bipartite Leonard pair on $V$ with bipartite contraction $B,B^*$. In the present paper, we have three goals. Assuming $\mathbb{F}$ is algebraically closed, (i) we classify up to isomorphism the near-bipartite Leonard pairs over $\mathbb{F}$; (ii) for each near-bipartite Leonard pair over $\mathbb{F}$ we describe its bipartite contraction; (iii) for each bipartite Leonard pair over $\mathbb{F}$ we describe its near-bipartite expansions. Our classification (i) is summarized as follows. We identify two families of Leonard pairs, said to have Krawtchouk type and dual $q$-Krawtchouk type. A Leonard pair of dual $q$-Krawtchouk type is said to be reinforced whenever $q^{2i} \neq -1$ for $1 \leq i \leq d-1$. A Leonard pair $A,A^*$ is said to be essentially bipartite whenever the flat part of $A$ is a scalar multiple of the identity. Assuming $\mathbb{F}$ is algebraically closed, we show that a Leonard pair $A,A^*$ over $\mathbb{F}$ with $d \geq 3$ is near-bipartite if and only if at least one of the following holds: (i) $A,A^*$ is essentially bipartite; (ii) $A,A^*$ has reinforced dual $q$-Krawtchouk type; and (iii) $A,A^*$ has Krawtchouk type.
“You Know Nothing Except How to Read Musical Notation!”: Rethinking the Use of Notation in Jinghu Accompaniment
Authors: Huan Li
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In the Peking opera ensemble, qinshi is the lead accompanist who plays the instrument jinghu . Traditional qinshi before the 1950s did not use notation in their performances. Few could read gongche notation. In training, they emulated melodies, memorized music, and improvised. Before the 1950s, published jinghu scores were notated in different systems. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, however, the institutionalization of traditional Peking opera training has accelerated the use of scores in cipher notation. This article examines the history of different notational systems in jinghu accompaniment, the problems of notating Peking opera rhythms, and qinshi attitudes toward notation. I argue that the pursuit of standard and fixed notation not only ignores the musical characteristics of Peking opera but also stifles performance creativity. I also argue that the mismatch between reading jinghu notation and performing jinghu accompaniment calls for a restoration of aural pedagogy in addition to notation in present-day training of qinshi . 摘要: 在京剧中，京胡是其主奏乐器，琴师是指拉京胡的乐师。二十世纪上半叶，尽 管有的传统琴师能识读工尺谱（传统中国乐谱的一种），但是他们中的大多数人并不 识字，并且，在日常训练和伴奏中，他们也不会使用乐谱。口传心授是传统琴师的训 练特点，包括了大量的模仿、记忆，和即兴伴奏。五十年代之前，几乎所有的京胡乐谱 都是由票友、京剧爱好者、以及音乐专业人士记谱并出版。然而，中华人民共和国成 立之后（1949），传统琴师的训练逐渐被纳入到戏曲学校的专业教育之下，这一体系 加快了由简谱翻译的京胡乐谱的使用。在这篇文章中，作者将追溯京胡伴奏使用乐谱 （由不同记谱法记谱）的历史，分析简谱在记录京剧音乐节奏中的局限性，以及琴师 对使用乐谱伴奏的不同观点。作者提出，京胡伴奏中把伴奏乐谱当作固定的乐谱不 仅忽视了京剧音乐的特点，也扼杀了伴奏者的创作力。对京胡伴奏中使用乐谱的争议 反映出琴师在看谱伴奏和无谱伴奏之间出现的错位现象。这一错位现象也呼吁在当 代琴师的训练中应该重视口传心授和看谱伴奏的两相结合的培养模式。
'Embodied Temporality': Travelling to the Bohemian Spas in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Hunter Jana
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Over the course of the nineteenth century, cities witnessed rapid changes with industrial and urban developments. However, every year, during the long summer months, spas offered their guests relaxation of mind and body, and the curative effects of mineral water. For a short period of time, modernity was made more liveable, more palatable. Carlsbad and Marienbad, two of Europe's most frequented spas, offered a space and state of spatial and temporal exceptionality. This article looks at nineteenth-century Austrian travel writing on the Bohemian spas and explores the time and temporality of the spa experiences, revealing how the temporalities of spa life affected mind and body and created a unique experience of 'embodied temporality'. From the delicate balance between the past and present in the spa environment to the strict daily regime impacting bodily time, the spas, it is argued, had their very own temporal signature. Im Laufe des 19. Jahrhunderts erlebten die Städte durch Industrialisierung und Wachstum radikale Veränderungen. Jedes Jahr während der langen Sommermonate luden Kurorte ihre Gäste ein, Körper und Geist durch die heilende Wirkung von Mineralwasser zu entspannen. Für eine kurze Zeit wurde die Moderne lebenswerter und erträglicher gemacht. Karlsbad und Marienbad gehörten zu den meistbesuchten Kurorten Mitteleuropas. Sowohl zeitlich als auch räumlich schufen sie einen Zustand der Exzeptionalität. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den österreichischen Reiseberichten des 19. Jahrhunderts zu den böhmischen Kurorten und untersucht Zeit und Zeitlichkeit der Kurerlebnisse. Er zeigt, wie die Zeiterfahrung des Kurort-Lebens eine Art 'verkörperter/körperlicher Zeitlichkeit' schuf. Vom empfindlichen Gleichgewicht zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart in der Kurort-Umwelt bis hin zum strengen Tagesablauf, der sich auf die körperliche Zeit auswirkt, besaßen Kurorte ihre ganz eigene zeitliche Signatur.
'Sehnsucht wonach?': Ernst Krenek's Reisebuch aus den österreichischen Alpen op. 62 as Travel Writing
Authors: Krobb Florian
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Ernst Krenek's Lied cycle is multi-medial travel writing. It enacts a search for meaning, and for the sites of meaning, in the truncated Austrian Republic of the post-First World War period marred by political disunity and cultural rupture. The article describes historical and genre-specific contexts, and explores the implications of multi-mediality for the formulation of a politicocultural position that responds to the debates and tensions of the day, centring on the fundamental question of culture's future direction. That position, the article proposes, is arrived at through the interplay of words and music and an acceptance of the contradictions between continuity and departure, and between loss and consolation. Ernst Kreneks Lied-Zyklus lässt sich als multimedialer Reisebericht lesen. In ihm unternimmt der Reisende, Komponist und Texter eine politische Sinnsuche— und eine Suche nach sinnstiftenden Orten in der geschrumpften Alpenrepublik Österreich ein Jahrzehnt nach dem Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges und Untergangs der Habsburg-Monarchie. Der Beitrag rekonstruiert historische und gattungsspezifische Kontexte und arbeitet die Bedeutung der Multimedialität für die Formulierung einer politisch-kulturellen Aussage heraus, die auf die Nachkriegssituation von Spaltung und kulturellen Richtungskämpfen reagiert. Es ist das Zusammenspiel von Text und Musik, von Missklang und Zusammenklang zwischen den und innerhalb der Medien, von Verlust und Neuanfang sowie von Kontinuität und Bruch, worin sich diese Aussage konkretisiert.
Utopia, Modernism, and Failure: On Franz Kafka’s Impossibilities
Authors: Balasopoulos Antonis
Published: February 2024

Abstract: With few exceptions, Franz Kafka’s work has been read as deeply dystopian. This essay undertakes an examination of Kafka’s references to the utopian imaginary, from his Diaries to the Zürau Notebooks, and from the story “Fellowship” to Amerika and “Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse Folk”, demonstrating that Kafka was both conscious of and interested in the rhetoric associated with utopian (or “intentional”) communities and in the parameters of utopia as a genre of writing. Rather than either advocating or rejecting utopia/nism, Kafka uses it as a means through which to develop, within his writing, a way of investigating the social and ideological problem of community—particularly acute for him as a multiply estranged European Jew—and the aesthetic problems of impossibility and failure.
Burrow Time: Allegorical Thought and the Apartheid Mind
Authors: Anand Rachit
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Does the allegorical frame of an early Coetzee novel like Life & Times of Michael K take the reader on a different course than the struggles against apartheid? Or is it the reader’s ethical responsibility to the text to suspend allegorical demands in favor of the “singularity of the event” of reading? This essay reconsiders these positions on the status of allegory in Coetzee’s fiction. It argues that the issues concerning allegory in this novel are a consequence of a gap between two modalities of time (i.e., “event time” and “historical time”). The function of this temporal gap in the realm of the fictive is further explored to determine how it propels a metonymic force that subverts the symbolic totality sought by the apartheid mind.
Economic Implications of the Climate Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act
Authors: Bistline John E. T. , Mehrotra Neil R. , Wolfram Catherine
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) represents the largest US federal response to climate change to date. We highlight the key climate provisions and assess the act's potential economic impacts. Substantially higher investments in clean energy and electric vehicles imply that fiscal costs may be larger than projected. However, even at the high end, IRA provisions remain cost-effective. The IRA has large impacts on power sector investments and electricity prices, lowering retail electricity rates and resulting in negative prices in some wholesale markets. We find small quantitative macroeconomic effects, including a small decline in headline inflation, but macroeconomic conditions—particularly higher interest rates and materials costs—may have substantial negative effects on clean energy investment. We show that the subsidy approach in the IRA has expansionary supply-side effects relative to a carbon tax but, in a representative-agent dynamic model, is preferable to a carbon tax only in the presence of a strong learning-by-doing externality. We also discuss the economics of the industrial policy aspects of the act as well as the distributional impacts and the possible incidence of the different tax credits in the IRA.
Challenges to Disinflation: The Brazilian Experience
Authors: Carvalho Carlos , Nechio Fernanda
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT: We review two previous bouts of high inflation and disinflation since Brazil adopted inflation targeting. In both episodes, fiscal sustainability concerns were present and inflation expectations became unanchored despite substantial monetary policy tightening. Disinflation and the reanchoring of expectations took time and proved costly, as both episodes entailed a recession. They required tight monetary policy combined with critical shifts toward structural economic reforms and sound fiscal policy. The ongoing episode features the same fiscal concerns and unanchored inflation expectations. This suggests the path ahead for disinflation will be challenging, unless policies change direction. We also speculate whether the Brazilian experience can provide insights for other countries.
The phonetic realization of laryngeal contrasts in Lili Wu Chinese: Evidence from tone-sandhi domain medial position
Authors: Shi Menghui , Bai Ziyi , Chen Yiya
Published: February 2024

摘要: 喉部特征的语音实现受韵律环境影响。本研究考察了黎里吴语塞音声 母三分特征在连调域词中位置上的语音实现。在单字及连调域词首位 置，黎里吴语以中古调类为条件(上去入)出现“送气分调”现象，即 送气声母后元音的基频( f0 )显著低于不送气声母后的，与浊声母后元 音的 f0 接近。实验结果显示，在连调域词中位置，“送气分调”现象 消失，取而代之的是类似上海话的典型的“首音节控制”连读变调模 式，不同声母条件下的 f0 趋同。但浊音起始时间(VOT)及第一、二谐 波差(H1*–H2*)能在一定程度上将不同声母区别开来。此外，前字音 高及后字音节结构都对塞音声母的语音实现有影响。这些结果一方面 体现了黎里吴语声母与声调的音系特征同语音实现之间的多样性；另 一方面也体现了音系规则与语音规则的复杂联系，进一步说明了实验 方法在探究汉语方言语音议题上的重要性。
Subject to Difference: Heterogeneity, Antagonism, and Coercion
Authors: Sheth Falguni A.
Published: February 2024

Abstract: In this article, I explore Namita Goswami’s Subjects That Matter . Goswami has laid out an extensive excavation of the variety, depth, and breadth of antagonistic encounters between the Western world and subaltern subjects. I am interested in Goswami’s take on the production of the unknowable women of color who are constructed either as good wives, animate objects without wills of their own, or transgressors of the genre of producing women of color as oppressed. I argue that the question of heterogeneity already assumes the very thing that is under question: to presuppose heterogeneity is already to presuppose its limit conditions—to already understand what difference looks like, which could preempt the possibility of infinite, or indefinite iterations. The irony is that we run the risk of assuming the very thing that we are trying not to presuppose, anticipate, or cordon off. Moreover, I question whether it is possible to encounter deep radical differences in any way other than antagonistically, since the unknown, from experience, is assumed to threaten.
Matters of Interest: Difference and Responsibility in Goswami’s Subjects That Matter
Authors: Ford Russell
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Namita Goswami’s book, Subjects That Matter: Philosophy, Feminism, and Postcolonial Theory , challenges its reader not only to attend to how one philosophizes about difference but also how one might philosophize differently. It is concerned with how we, now, practice philosophy as well as what we philosophize about. In this response, I raise a series of questions meant to challenge and expand Goswami’s work from the standpoint of someone rooted in the dominant framework of the Anglo-European academic discourse on difference. In raising these questions, I take myself to be attempting the very twisting free of conventional philosophizing that Subjects That Matter invites. Some of the most powerful discussions in Goswami’s book concern the issues of metaphysics, dialectics, and history. The questions raised here predominantly concern whether specifically “dialectical” non-identity is faithful to Goswami’s conception of a non-antagonistic understanding of difference. Relatedly, does the past-facing metaphysical concept of the Whole insinuate itself in philosophy in such a way as to preclude thinking in ways that go against the grain of the Eurocentric tradition? From this concern for the conceptual commitments of dialectics and its associated metaphysics arises the further concern of whether even a negative dialectics allows for sufficiently differential genealogies.
Evolutionary neuron-level transfer learning for QoT estimation in optical networks
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Gu Zhiqun , Zhang Jiawei , Ji Yuefeng
Published: February 2024

To ensure the reliability and efficiency of lightpath transmission in optical networks, it is essential to predict the quality of transmission (QoT) of the candidate lightpaths before their deployment. An artificial neural network (ANN) becomes a promising solution for QoT estimation of lightpaths, owing to its powerful data fitting capability and scalability. As a supervised learning model, an ANN requires a large set of training samples from lightpaths’ observations to ensure its accuracy. Unfortunately, the acquisition of the training samples is hindered by practical limitations, such as the shortage of monitorable lightpaths in the early stage of optical network deployment or/and the absence of optical performance monitors at partial network nodes. Therefore, how to obtain a high-precision QoT estimator with small-sized datasets is challenging. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary neuron-level transfer learning (ENTL) scheme for QoT estimation to improve the accuracy of the ANN model with small-sized datasets. In the ENTL-based QoT estimator, the minimal unit of knowledge transfer is the neuron of the ANN model, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to determine the trainable neurons and the frozen neurons, where the testing dataset generated by data augmentation assists the PSO algorithm to evaluate the feasible solutions. Simulation results show that the ENTL-based QoT estimator achieves higher accuracy than the traditional layer-level transfer learning (LTL)-based QoT estimator. And, when the ENTL-based QoT estimator is applied to optical network planning, it improves the reliability and throughput of optical networks compared with the LTL-based QoT estimator.
Fiber-Optic Microphone radar driven by dual-soliton-microcomb
Authors: He Xinyue , Chang Bing , Yang Ziyi , Wang Shangce , Tan Teng , Wu Yu , Yao Baicheng
Published: February 2024

Utilizing dual-soliton-microcomb source, we demonstrated the network integration of fiber-optic microphones, exhibiting a unique capability in 3D acoustic detection, with SNR of 65 dB, positioning accuracy of 2 cm and frame speed of 500 Hz.
FOS4CMS: More than a decade of uninterrupted FBG monitoring in the CMS Experiment at CERN
Authors: Fienga Francesco , Marrazzo Vincenzo Romano , Beni Noemi , Szillasi Zoltan , Irace Andrea , Zeuner Wolfram , Buontempo Salvatore , Breglio Giovanni
Published: February 2024

This paper provides an extensive overview of more than a decade of continuous data collected by the Fiber Optic Sensing for CMS (FOS4CMS) network, featuring over 1000 Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. These FBG sensors have been instrumental in monitoring temperature and strain within the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Their strategic placement allowed for observation of crucial components, including the central beam pipe, silicon tracker, RPC muon detectors, and the underground cavern. Operational since 2009, the monitoring system underwent expansions during LHC Long Shutdowns (LS1 and LS2) and upgrades for LHC Run3. Leveraging Wavelength Division Multiplexing, the FBG sensors demonstrated reliability, seamlessly integrating into the CMS Detector Control System. In summary, the presented data robustly affirm the resilience of FBG sensors in the challenging High Energy Physics environment, with the FOS4CMS system's uninterrupted 24/7 operation over a decade marking a significant milestone in the successful application of FBG technology within the CMS experiment at CERN.
Operando battery monitoring using plasmonic optical fibre sensors
Authors: Han Xile , Xue Xiaobin , Liu Fu , Guo Tuan
Published: February 2024

A promising approach based on an optical fibre plasmonic sensor capable of being inserted near the electrode surface of a working battery to monitor its state of charge (SOC) and electrochemical kinetics without disturbing its operation is demonstrated.
Distributed acoustic sensing based on optical frequency multiplexing phase OTDR
Authors: Wakisaka Yoshifumi , Takahashi Hiroshi , Iida Daisuke , Ishimaru Takahiro , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: February 2024

We present methods for improving the performance of phase-OTDR distributed acoustic sensing by using optical frequency-division-multiplexing. We show the principle as well as the results of a field test using a telecom fiber.
Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using a Dynamic Multimode Fibre Specklegram Sensor Enabled by Deep Learning
Authors: Sarkar Md Nazmul Islam , Nguyen Linh V. , Kilpatrick Adam D. , Lancaster David G. , Warren-Smith Stephen C.
Published: February 2024

Specklegrams can be highly sensitive to bending and movement. In this paper, we demonstrate a multimode fibre based specklegram sensor for noninvasive respiratory rate monitoring on a hospital mattress using deep learning.
Distributed Optical Phase-sensitive Reflectometry Based on Continuous FrFT-DC Signal
Authors: Hu Zihe , Zhao Can , Tang Ming
Published: February 2024

Abstract: We propose a phase-sensitive reflectometry using a continuous probe generated by fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) of a direct current signal. High-performance pulse compression is achieved by a single FrFT operation while significantly reducing computational complexity.
Simultaneous Separation and Identification of Mixed Events based on a Single CNN Framework in φ-OTDR
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Yang Guijiang , Wang Liang , Tang Ming , Liu Deming
Published: February 2024

Simultaneous separation and identification of mixed events have been demonstrated for the first time based on a single CNN framework in φ-OTDR sensing system. An average mixed-event identification accuracy of 96.0% has been achieved.
Distributed acoustic impedance sensor based on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and Aluminized coating optical fiber
Authors: Dong Yongkang , Ren Yuli , Jiang Taofei
Published: February 2024

Quasi-acoustic impedance matching of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering in aluminized coating optical fiber is demonstrated for the first time, achieving distributed identification of air and water around the fiber with a spatial resolution of 2 m.
Complex Domain Frequency-shift Demodulation in Phase-sensitive OTDR
Authors: Pu Zhengyu , He Haijun , Jiang Lin , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan
Published: February 2024

An effective complex-domain method is proposed to demodulate the frequency shift in phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry. Experimental results indicate a double improvement in sidelobe suppression ratio and 4-times acceleration in demodulation than the conventional method.
Deep Learning Enabled High-Speed and High-Accuracy Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Sensing
Authors: Peng Wei , Zhu Chen , Jie Ruimin , Liu Bo , Ma Lingmei , Rao Yunjiang
Published: February 2024

An efficient and effective approach to enhancing Raman-based distributed temperature sensing based on deep learning is demonstrated, showing significantly improved performance of an update rate of 0.01 s with a temperature uncertainty of 0.4°C.
Spectral Demodulation of Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating Based Sensor for Temperature, Salinity and Pressure Measurement Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Ziqi , Zhang Shengqi , Mei Yongchang , Hu Pengfei , Liu Zhengyong
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a temperature-salinity-pressure sensor based on titled fiber Bragg grating, using convolutional neural network for spectral demodulation instead of conventional wavelength detection. Prediction results exhibit an error of ~0.0547℃, ~0.6506‰, ~0.006MPa, respectively.
Blind Source Feature Extraction with Dual-LSTM in DAS Under Complicated Ground Burying Environments
Authors: Xu Chengyu , Lu Mingyang , Wang Xinlei , Liao Haibei , Wu Huijuan , Rao Yunjiang
Published: February 2024

A novel blind source feature extraction method with dual-LSTM is proposed for DAS used in complicated ground burying environments. The results demonstrate the ability to accurately extract the interested target signal in unknown mixing environments.
Evaluation of in-situ optical loss of copper-coated optical fiber under sub- and super-critical water
Authors: Matsuda Tetsushi , Kitaoka Satoshi , Nakahira Kenji , Ito Taishi , Kato Takeharu , Kasahara Junzo
Published: February 2024

A carbon/copper-coated optical fiber was exposed to hydrothermal environments. Hydrogen penetration occurred at the initial stage of exposure and resulted in the formation of an OH-related absorption peak in the optical loss spectrum.
Interrogation Scheme For Fiber Bragg Grating Temperature Sensors Using a Tunable VCSEL
Authors: Díaz-Palacios Valentina María , Cano C. Camilo , Riveros Oscar , Ospina-Mendivelso Nicolás , Triana Andrés , Varón-Durán Margarita
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an interrogation scheme utilizing a wide-wavelength scanning range VCSEL for Fiber Bragg Grating sensors. We characterized conventional and codified FBG sensors, assessing their sensitivity to temperature variations between 20° C-60°C.
Highly Stable Operation of EDF Laser-Based Sensor with Double-Pass Cascaded-Chirped LPG by Applying PM-Ring Cavity Configuration
Authors: Tanaka Satoshi , Fukushima Koken , Moronaga Nozomi , Okano Makoto , Wada Atsushi
Published: February 2024

In this paper, a highly stable Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser-based sensor is devised and demonstrated by applying a polarization-maintaining (PM) ring cavity configuration with PM-EDF amplifier (EDFA) to our previously proposed EDF-sigma laser (EDFσL)-based sensor. In this EDFσL configuration, a polarization-independent double-pass cascaded-chirped long-period fiber grating (C-CLPG) consists of a C-CLPG and a Faraday rotator mirror (FRM), and works as a reflective sensor section with a comb-like spectrum and allows for flexible sensor configurations. In addition, it has a function to compensate for birefringence fluctuations during sensing operations by introducing the FRM. In the experiment, the highly stable operation of oscillation output is successfully improved by comparing the PM-EDFσL with a previously proposed EDFσL, and a much more precise operation of the laser-based sensor is expected.
Acoustic Vibration Monitoring in Optical Fibers via Polarization Matrix Variation with Coherent Optical Communication and Sensing Integration
Authors: Zeng Tao , Li Wei , Hu Shan , He Qingyu , Pan Yinmei , Luo Ming , Liu Zhiqing , Xiao Xi
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes the Direct-Computation-Sensing Architecture for monitoring fiber vibrations and polarization state changes. By directly calculating the polarization matrix with training data, it offers superior accuracy and responsiveness compared to adaptive filter-based sensing architectures.
Spatial apodization of femtosecond laser inscribed fibre Bragg gratings with arbitrary profile
Authors: Kalli Kyriacos , Ioannou Andreas
Published: February 2024

The fabrication of plane-by-plane femtosecond (fs) laser apodized fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) are demonstrated via a fully customizable and controlled inscription that can realize any desired apodized profile, offering >30dB side lobe suppression ratio.
Improving Φ-OTDR Event Classification Performance with a Semi-Supervised Model
Authors: Li Yujiao , Yu Kuanglu
Published: February 2024

We design a semi-supervised model based on XM-ACAB for Φ-OTDR event classification. The accuracy for six types of events can reach up to 91.0% with a total of only 12 labeled samples in the experiment.
Fiber-optic temperature sensing probe using low-coherence light source
Authors: Toda Kanon , Otsubo Kenta , Noda Kohei , Lee Heeyoung , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: February 2024

We present a new approach for measuring fiber tip temperature using low-coherence Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry, which eliminates the need for an independent reference path and does not entail specific processing of the fiber tip.
Ultra-long-range Monitoring of Vibrations using Forward Transmission Polarimetric Method
Authors: Rao Xing , Chen George Y. , Broderick Neil G. R. , Brambilla Gilberto , Wang Yiping
Published: February 2024

We propose a new fiber-optic forward transmission method for long-range distributed vibration sensing. By detecting polarization rotation using dual-wavelength bidirectional operation, 121.5 km sensing range without optical amplification and 0.01 Hz vibration frequency were demonstrated.
High accuracy OFDR by coherence compensation method
Authors: Saitoh Takanori
Published: February 2024

We developed a new hardware-linearization type OFDR system that compensates for coherence degradation at an arbitrary position. The system compensates for coherence degradation due to propagation time difference over ±25 m centered at an arbitrary position, ranging from 0 to 150 m. The system can measure the strain distribution in real time at a measurement rate of 57 Hz.
Spatial Mode Demultiplexing of Femtoecond-Inscribed Fiber Bragg Grating in Multi-Mode Fibers for High Temperature Sensing
Authors: Quelene Jean-Baptiste , Le Guennic Tangi , Rigny Arnaud , Cotillard Romain , Labroille Guillaume , Laffont Guillaume
Published: February 2024

We report interrogation of one Fiber Bragg Grating sensor inscribed in Multi-Mode fiber with 45-mode spatial demultiplexer as well as monitoring of fifteen modes of nine different wavelength groups at temperatures steps up to 1000 °C.
Determining the Thermal Sensitivity of Optical Fibers Using High Order Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Lerner Alexandre , Cotillard Romain , Blanchet Thomas , Roussel Nicolas , Bouwmans Géraud , Laffont Guillaume
Published: February 2024

The broadband wavelength-comb like response of high order Fiber Bragg Gratings is used to determine the intrinsic thermal sensitivity of the optical fiber material up to 900°C.
Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature Distribution in a Four-Point Bending Test Using FBGs with Different GeO2 and B2O3 Doping
Authors: Uchida Mami , Hisada Shinsaku , Wada Daichi , Igawa Hirotaka , Murayama Hideaki
Published: February 2024

A simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature distribution was conducted using FBG fibers and ODFR, which were modified by doping GeO2 and B2O3 to change their refractive indices.
Frequency-Time 2D Correlation for SNR Improvement in Multifrequency Database Demodulation CP-ΦOTDR
Authors: Vidal-Moreno Pedro J. , Martins Hugo , Martin-Lopez Sonia , Gonzalez-Herraez Miguel
Published: February 2024

2D correlation enhances SNR of Rayleigh backscattering traces in Multi-Frequency Database Demodulation (MFDD)-CP-ΦOTDR time-frequency maps, avoiding temporal averaging and reducing initial calibration time. This brings the calibrated DAS closer to field measurements.
Experimental verification of modified theory on synthesis of optical coherence functions
Authors: Kiyozumi Takaki , Noda Kohei , Zhu Guangtao , Kato Hibiki , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: February 2024

Synthesis of optical coherence functions (SOCF) is a core technique for correlation- domain distributed sensing including optical correlation-domain reflectometry (OCDR). Here, we provide empirical evidence to reinforce the new OCDR theory based on beat spectra.
Perspective instrumentation for rotational motion investigation in seismology
Authors: Kurzych Anna T. , Jaroszewicz Leszek R. , Dudek Michał
Published: February 2024

The 3-axial Fibre-Optic Rotational Seismograph is presented. Its sensitivity (few nrad/s) makes the sensor suitable for rotational seismology research including verification of observed time delay between linear and rotational components of the seismic waves.
Measurement of Cyclic Uniaxial Transverse Deformation in an In-line Hollow Core Fiber Etalon
Authors: Sanchez-Gonzalez Arturo , Dauliat Romain , Jamier Raphael , Roy Philippe , Lopez-Amo Manuel , Perez-Herrera Rosa Ana
Published: February 2024

In this work the behavior of an in-line hollow core fiber etalon under cyclic uniaxial transverse deformation is analyzed. The results reflected elastic operation over wide ranges of deformation while maintaining a constant linear response.
Arbitrary wavelength range operation of plastic optical fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Mizuno Yosuke , Kalli Kyriacos , Motoishi Naoki , Noda Kohei , Theodosiou Antreas , Lee Heeyoung , Nakamura Kentaro , Soto Marcelo A.
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate that plastic optical fibers incorporating fiber Bragg gratings can result in reflection peaks in any wavelength range when exciting high-order propagation modes. This can enhance the design of sensing systems for specific applications.
Tandem Interferometer-Based Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensors Operating in Fluids
Authors: Lee Sungjae , Ryu Bowon , Kim Inho , Song Yong-Won
Published: February 2024

A robust optical fiber hydrogen sensor structured by consecutive interferometers is demonstrated being immunized against temperature and pressure fluctuation. Its dramatically enhanced sensitivity and reliability are verified in the fluids including air and transformer oil.
Photonic RF Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein using dual fiber combs
Authors: Miyamura Shogo , Oe Ryo , Nakahara Takuya , Taue Shuji , Tokizane Yu , Minamikawa Takeo , Kajisa Taira , Yasui Takeshi
Published: February 2024

One interesting feature of optical frequency comb (OFC) is a function of frequency conversion between region and electric regions. While such feature has been used for generation of correct electric signal in microwave or millimeter region, it can be further used for fiber biosensing; namely, biosensing OFC. In this paper, we demonstrated detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen based on a combination of dual fiber combs, an intracavity multi-mode-interference fiber sensor, and sensor surface modification of SARS-CoV-2 antibody.
Chromatic confocal metalens and scattering medium-based speckle pattern engineering for compact, low-cost distometers
Authors: Falak Przemyslaw , Chan Justin Ho-Tin , Williamson James , Henning Andrew , Martin Haydn , Jiang Xiangqian , Zahertar Shahrzad , Moog Bruno , Lee Timothy , Holmes Christopher , Brambilla Gilberto , Beresna Martynas
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a reconstructive distometer with 0.78 micron resolution and 2.5 cm cubic footprint, utilising an engineered metalens and laser-written scattering medium for tailored speckle pattern generation, benefiting from low-cost, compact size and high stability.
Effect of light source linewidth on spectral broadening in external-modulation BOCDR
Authors: Ozaki Kouta , Ochi Seiga , Noda Kohei , Lee Heeyoung , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: February 2024

We measure the relationship between laser linewidth and spectral broadening in Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) and show that a laser with a broader linewidth will not influence the system performance.
Radiation Response of High Order Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Blanchet T. , Sapaly B. , Magne S. , Roussel N. , Marin E. , Morana A. , Girard S. , Destouches C. , Cotillard R. , Laffont G.
Published: February 2024

High Order Fiber Bragg Gratings inscribed with fs-lasers by using the point-by-point technique are promising components for metrological purposes. In this study, we compare the radiation-induced Bragg wavelength shifts of low-diffraction-order (2) and high-diffraction-order (745) FBGs photo-written around 1550 nm at the FemtoBragg platform (CEA List) in uncoated Ge-doped and P-doped core fibers. Our interrogation setup allows us observing simultaneously 80 resonance peaks for the high order grating. We irradiated all the gratings up to 720 kGy(SiO2) dose under X-rays. We show that low- and high-order FBGs have the same radiation response. Moreover, the RI-BWS – and by extension, the core index variation – are wavelength-independent over the studied wavelength range, despite the growth of a strong radiation-induced attenuation.
Advancement and New Perspective of Fiber Optics for Biosensors and Biomedical Application
Authors: Molardi Carlo , Tosi Daniele
Published: February 2024

Optical fiber sensors show a huge potential in biomedical and biosensing applications. Distributing sensing combined to scattering level spatial multiplexing techniques permits a large amount of sensing points in small area or volume, often mandatory in biomedical field. Moreover, the capability of micro-fabricating the optical fiber, enlarge the possibility to sense refractive index and, with the proper functionalization, the fiber can become a powerful, sensitive, and inexpensive platform for Biosensing. Here we aim to depict a brief perspective and illustrate future development of optical fiber sensors in biosensing and biomedical areas.
Ultrahigh sensitivity fiber biosensor for C-reactive protein detection
Authors: Gao Qiao , Liu Bin , Hu Yingying , Liu Juan , Wan Shengpeng , Wu Tao , He Xing-Dao , Yuan Jinhui , Ghassemlooy Zabih , Farrell Gerald , Wu Qiang
Published: February 2024

In this work, we proposed a single mode - tapered four core - single mode microfiber interference sensor for detecting C-reactive protein (CRP). The biosensor could detect CRP solution with a concentration of 1 pg/mL (diluted with phosphate buffered saline) with an average wavelength shift of 0.57 nm.
Smart Microlasers for Self-detecting Exosomes from Cancer Spheroids
Authors: Wang Ziyihui , Fang Guocheng , Gao Zehang , Liao Yikai , Gong Chaoyang , Kim Munho , Chang Guo-En , Feng Shilun , Jiang Junfeng , Xu Tianhua , Liu Tiegen , Chen Yu-Cheng
Published: February 2024

By employing cavity energy transfer and coupling strong light-matter interactions on the interfaces, we have developed an approach of producing self-propelled whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microlasers to enhance subtle biological signals. An intelligent microlaser is achieved to reflect the abundance of extracellular biomarkers derived from 3D multicellular cancer spheroids in circulating biological fluids. This high-throughput method exhibited a great potential in biological detection, drug screening, and organ-on-chip applications.
Ultrafast Near Field Temperature Measurement Method Based on Micro-nano FBG Probe with TS-DFT
Authors: Liu Zhenmin , Chen Na , Li Shaoying , Liu Yong , Shang Yana , Chen Zhenyi , Pang Fufei , Wang Tingyun
Published: February 2024

This work provides a near-field temperature measurement method that uses a nanoscale-tipped fiber Bragg grating probe with time-stretch dispersive Fourier transform, which enables MHz temperature acquisition from hot spots.
Highly Sensitive and Temperature Insensitive Fiber Bragg Grating Based Liquid-Level Sensor
Authors: Paul Debabrata , Khijwania Sunil K.
Published: February 2024

A Fiber Bragg grating based temperature-insensitive, simple all optical liquid level sensor employing Archimedes’ law of buoyancy is reported. Sensor exhibits high sensitivity of 71.6 pm/cm with resolution of 0.014 cm with highly reversible response.
Investigation of guidelines for improving spatial resolution in direct-modulation BOCDR
Authors: Ochi Seiga , Ozaki Kouta , Noda Kohei , Lee Heeyoung , Nakamura Kentaro , Mizuno Yosuke
Published: February 2024

The spatial resolution of direct-modulation Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry is studied with respect to modulation amplitude and frequency. Results suggest that optimal resolution improvement is achieved by increasing modulation amplitude first, followed by frequency.
High-Resolution 3-cm Vibration and Strain Sensing Using OFDR and In-Line Interferometers
Authors: Leandro Daniel , Shi Muyu , Sanchez-Gonzalez Arturo , Nagata Ryosuke , Zhu Mengshi , Machijima Yuichi , Murayama Hideaki
Published: February 2024

Vibration with a 3-cm resolution has been measured using OFDR and an array of 20 in-line interferometers. These have a double purpose: simultaneously functioning as reflectors to detect vibration while operating as strain sensors.
Simultaneous Core Interrogation in Fiber Optic Shape Sensing via Rayleigh Signature-domain Multiplexing
Authors: Cappelletti Martina , Aitkulov Arman , Orsuti Daniele , Schenato Luca , Santagiustina Marco , Magarotto Mirko , Antonelli Cristian , Galtarossa Andrea , Mecozzi Antonio , Hayashi Tetsuya , Palmieri Luca
Published: February 2024

This paper analyzes a method for simultaneously measuring multi-core fiber cores, enabling higher acquisition rates in shape sensing. The performance of the method in terms of accuracy is assessed and compared with the Cramér-Rao lower bound.
Operation Tests of Railway Vehicles Based on DAS
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Xiong Zhigang , Ding Haotian , Liu Mingming , Zhu Zhigao , Rui Dongdong , Fan Jiajia , Chen Ye , Xu Fei
Published: February 2024

With the rapid development and continuous upgrading of rail transit in China, the monitoring of rail transit safety is an urgent issue to be solved. In this work, a distributed acoustic sensor system is used to monitor the trial operation status of railway vehicles before leaving the manufacturer, and monitor the acceleration, speed, running distance, engine operating status accurately, and other parameters during subway operation. The experimental data obtained in this work have important significance for future railway safety monitoring.
Junction Temperature Measurement in High Power Electronic Applications Using Fiber Bragg Grating-based Sensors
Authors: Isa Ridwanullahi , Abido Mohammad , Qureshi Khurram Karim
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes the use of optical fiber-based sensors for IGBT junction temperature measurement. A very high sensitivity of 9.3pm/°C was achieved by incorporating a thermal pad between the IGBT and FBG-based sensor.
Quasi-distributed Humidity Fiber Optic Sensor for Soil Moisture Measurement
Authors: Rodriguez-Rodriguez A. , Pradas J. , Bravo M. , Leandro D. , Lopez J. J. , Lopez-Amo M.
Published: February 2024

In this contribution, a method for quasi-distributed humidity sensing was demonstrated for moisture-front monitoring in soils by using polyimide coated optical array of FBG.
Zero drift of gyroscopy in variable temperature using high accuracy distributed strain of km-level fiber coil
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Yang Jun , Lin Yicheng , Lin Cuofu , Yuan Yonggui , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: February 2024

This article presents the effect of strain accuracy and spatial resolution on zero drift of fiber optic gyroscopy. The results indicate that strain of interturn information can improve the calculation accuracy of zero drift.
Improved liquid level sensor by using a multi-capillary structure
Authors: Vanegas-Tenezacaa Evelyn , Lopez-Amo Manuel , Dauliat Romain , Jamier Raphael , Roy Philippe
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a new optical fiber liquid level sensor based on two sections of capillary optical fibers spliced between single-mode fibers. Last section without coating is in contact with the liquid. A measurement range of 60 mm is obtained when the structure is monitored in reflection by using a FBGs interrogator.
The Formation Mechanism for Regenerated Fiber Bragg Grating Based on Non-uniform Crystallization
Authors: Lu Lin , Yang Yuanhong
Published: February 2024

The formation mechanism for regenerated fiber Bragg grating based on non-uniform crystallization was proposed and validated preliminarily. The regenerating process of seed gratings made with different materials, structures, and processes can be comprehensively explained.
Dynamic thermal effect in a hollow core microbottle resonator
Authors: Wang Zhe , Wang Zhuochen , Rout Anuradha , Jibon Rayhan Habib , Wu Qiang , Semenova Yuliya
Published: February 2024

Dynamic thermal wavelength shift in a hollow core microbottle resonator has been experimentally demonstrated. The thermal effect as a function of the power and sweep frequency of the tunable pump laser has been studied and analyzed.
Surface-deployed DAS measurement with triply helically wound fibers in an active seismic survey
Authors: Masaya Shogo , Naruse Ryohei , Kobayashi Yuki
Published: February 2024

This paper presents distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) with triply helically wound fibers to improve the quality of DAS data. We show the initial results of a field test to investigate the validity of this approach.
Kilometer-Long Stripping-Inscribing-Recoating (SIR) Sensing Fiber with Continuous Ultra-Weak Bragg Gratings
Authors: Han Zewen , Zeng Yongheng , Li Ao , Rao Yun-Jiang , Gong Yuan
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a striping-inscribing-recoating (SIR) method to fabricate kilometer-long backscattering-enhanced fiber for distributed sensing. Addressing the challenge of continuous low-loss stripping enables controllable grating inscription and flexible recoating for sensing in harsh environments.
Simulation and Characterization of Magneto-Plasmonic Properties of Ag/Fe Nanostructure in Optical Fibers
Authors: Carvalho João P. M. , Coelho Luís C. C. , Jorge P. A. S. , de Almeida J. M. M. M.
Published: February 2024

Thin films of Ag/Fe were deposited on the core of multimode optical fibers. The deposited film shows sensitivity to both refractive index and MF changes. Simulation work based on TMM formalism confirms experimental response.
Characterization of a Hetero-core Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Using Plasmon Resonance Coupling between Gold Nanoparticles and a Thin Gold Film
Authors: Kuwata Eiichi , Watannabe Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Michiko
Published: February 2024

A hetero-core fiber optic refractive index sensor with Au nanoparticles on Au thin film was proposed utilizing plasmon resonance coupling. We successfully demonstrated significantly improved sensitivity in the near infrared region.
White-light-driven fiber optic strain sensing based on Kalman filtering tracking and three-channel phase demodulation
Authors: Li Huicong , Lou Minggan , Tian Meng , Huang Wenzhu , Zhang Wentao
Published: February 2024

An ultra-simple and high-resolution white-light-driven fiber optic strain sensing system based on Kalman filter tracking and three-channel phase demodulation is proposed, and its strain resolution of 191 fε/√Hz@1 kHz is demonstrated.
Motion artifact removal in optical loss for Hetero-core Optical Fiber Cloth Sensors
Authors: Nakamura Sosuke , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishiyama Michiko , Koyama Yuya
Published: February 2024

We investigated a method to extract respiration information from optical loss with body motion artifact using a hetero-core optical fiber cloth sensor. Multiple sensors and FFT analysis enable the extraction of respiration components.
Dynamic strain sensing application with rapid OFDR for pavement health monitoring
Authors: Yoshimura Yuichi , Nasu Ayaka , Nagatani Hideki , Imai Michio , Tanimura Daiki , Ogu Ryota , Zhang Chao , Ito Fumihiko
Published: February 2024

Distributed optical fiber sensing based on rapid OFDR was demonstrated for pavement health monitoring. Strain response corresponding to the stiffness of the pavement structure was confirmed with a 10cm spatial resolution dynamic sensing.
A Novel Strain Sensor Based on Ultra-Weak FBG Sensing Array and Its Performance Test
Authors: Nan Qiuming , Li Sheng , Yue Lina
Published: February 2024

The paper proposes a novel strain sensor based on Ultra-Weak FBG sensing array for continuous strain field monitoring of engineering structure. Through test and engineering applications, its feasibility and advantages have been preliminarily verified.
Remote Interrogation of a Versatile and Hybrid Sensors Network using Power over Fiber
Authors: Rodriguez-Rodriguez A. , Venegas-Tenezaca E. , Bravo M. , Lopez-Amo M.
Published: February 2024

In this contribution, a multiplexed system for both electronic and all-fiber optic sensor network interrogation based in Power over Fiber is proposed.
“When a story gets a face…”: Visual elicitation of Serbian perspectives on Afghan refugee women’s maternity experiences in Serbia
Authors: SHARMA Esther , LABAN-SHARMAN Rebecca , JAVAZIAN Baharak , HOWARD Natasha , DUCLOS Diane
Published: February 2024

Serbia is a country through which many Afghans pass, en route to the European Union. Pregnancy and birth continues for Afghan women while journeying. This study aims to examine the understanding and attitudes of Serbian health professionals and members of women’s civil society organisations (CS0) about the perinatal experiences of Afghan women in Serbia, using a webcomic to elicit responses. A total of 38 respondents completed the questionnaire, including health professionals (n = 10), women’s CSO members (n = 6), and others (n = 10). The majority had little awareness of the experiences of Afghan women around the childbearing time and for most respondents, viewing the webcomic raised their awareness. Qualitative questionnaire data were analysed thematically, and four inductive themes developed: (1) maternal health provision as inadequate; (2) Afghan women face difficulties in Serbia; (3) solidarity with Afghan women; and (4) the webcomic raises awareness. Webcomics, as a visual modality, may play a valuable role in increasing empathy and awareness of refugee women’s perinatal experiences among citizens.