bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Adverse Event Ascertainment in Clinical Trials for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Miller Tamara P. , Li Yimei , Kavcic Marko , Troxel Andrea B. , Huang Yuan-Shun V. , Sung Lillian , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert , Hall Matt , Daves Marla H. , Horton Terzah M. , Pulsipher Michael A. , Pollard Jessica A. , Bagatell Rochelle , Seif Alix E. , Fisher Brian T. , Luger Selina , Gamis Alan S. , Adamson Peter C. , Aplenc Richard
Published: February 2016

Purpose

Reporting of adverse events (AEs) in clinical trials is critical to understanding treatment safety, but data on AE accuracy are limited. This study sought to determine the accuracy of AE reporting for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia clinical trials and to test whether an external electronic data source can improve reporting.

Methods

Reported AEs were evaluated on two trials, Children’s Oncology Group AAML03P1 and AAML0531 arm B, with identical chemotherapy regimens but with different toxicity reporting requirements. Chart review for 12 AEs for patients enrolled in AAML0531 at 14 hospitals was the gold standard. The sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPV) of the AAML0531 AE report and AEs detected by review of Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) billing and microbiology data were compared with chart data.

Results

Select AE rates from AAML03P1 and AAML0531 arm B differed significantly and correlated with the targeted toxicities of each trial. Chart abstraction was performed on 204 patients (758 courses) on AAML0531. AE report sensitivity was < 50% for eight AEs, but PPV was > 75% for six AEs. AE reports for viridans group streptococcal bacteremia, a targeted toxicity on AAML0531, had a sensitivity of 78.3% and PPV of 98.1%. PHIS billing data had higher sensitivity (> 50% for nine AEs), but lower PPV (< 75% for 10 AEs). Viridans group streptococcal detection using PHIS microbiology data had high sensitivity (92.3%) and PPV (97.3%).

Conclusion

The current system of AE reporting for cooperative oncology group clinical trials in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia underestimates AE rates. The high sensitivity and PPV of PHIS microbiology data suggest that using external data sources may improve the accuracy of AE reporting.
Staged-Volume Radiosurgery of Large Arteriovenous Malformations Improves Outcome by Reducing the Rate of Adverse Radiation Effects
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Grainger Alison , Hodgson Timothy J. , Rowe Jeremy G. , Coley Stuart C. , Kemeny Andras A. , Radatz Matthias W.R.
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND: The treatment of large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains challenging. Recently, staged-volume radiosurgery (SVRS) has become an option.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of SVRS on large AVMs with our historical, single-stage radiosurgery (SSRS) series.

METHODS: We have been prospectively collecting data of patients treated by SVRS since 2007. There were 84 patients who had a median age of 37 years (range, 9-62 years) who were treated until July 2013. The outcomes of 76 of those who had follow-ups available were analyzed and compared with the outcomes of 122 patients treated with the best SSRS technique.

RESULTS: There were 21.5% of AVMs that were deep seated, and 44% presented with hemorrhage resulting in 45% fixed neurological deficit. There were 14% of patients who had undergone embolization before radiosurgery. The median nidus treatment volume was 19.7 cm3 (6.65-68.7) and 17.5 Gy (13-22.5) prescription isodose was given. Of the 44 lesions having radiological follow-up at 4 years, 61.4% were completely obliterated. Previous embolization (50% with and 63% without) and higher Spetzler-Martin grades appeared to be the negative factors in successful obliteration, but treatment volume was not. Within 3 years after radiosurgery, the annual bleed rates of unruptured and previously ruptured AVMs were 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively. Three bleeds were fatal and 2 resulted in significant modified Rankin scale 3 morbidity. These rates differ little from SSRS. Temporary adverse radiation effects (AREs) did not change significantly, but permanent AREs dropped from 15% to 6.5% (P = .03) compared with SSRS.

CONCLUSION: Obliteration and hemorrhage rates of large AVMs treated by SVRS are similar to historical SSRS. However, SVRS offers a lower rate of AREs.
Dynamic Sampling Allocation and Design Selection
Authors: Peng Yijie , Chen Chun-Hung , Fu Michael C. , Hu Jian-Qiang
Published: February 2016

We formulate the statistical selection problem in a general dynamic framework comprising fully sequential sampling allocation and optimal design selection. Because the traditional probability of correct selection measure is not sufficient to capture both aspects in this more general framework, we introduce the integrated probability of correct selection to better characterize the objective. As a result, the usual selection policy of choosing the design with the largest sample mean as the estimate of the best is no longer necessarily optimal. Rather, the optimal selection policy is to choose the design that maximizes the posterior integrated probability of correct selection, which is a function of the posterior mean and the correlation structure induced by the posterior variance. Because determining the optimal selection policy is generally intractable, we also devise an approximation scheme to efficiently approximate the optimal selection policy. For the allocation policy, we study an asymptotic policy called general Bayesian budget allocation, which is comprised of a sampling statistic and a sequential rule. The optimal computing budget allocation algorithm can be interpreted as a special case of the asymptotical sampling statistics. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the potential performance improvements, especially in small sample behavior.
Managing nappy rash: An update
Authors: Moffat Polly
Published: February 2016

Nappy rash is a form of irritant contact dermatitis that is confined to the nappy area ( Scheinfeld, 2005 ). It is common for prolonged nappy rash to become infected with Candida albicans or other bacteria, for which a variety of treatments can be prescribed. The causes of nappy rash are disputed in the literature but there is evidence to show that several factors are implicated in its development, including regular use of nappies, and prolonged contact between the skin and urine and faeces ( Philipp et al, 1997 ). Health visitors can advise parents on prevention and treatment of nappy rash when it occurs and this article will present tips for management and sources of further information.
Bath time: More than good clean fun
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: February 2016

Bath time offers a multimodal sensory environment, including interactions with other people, that seems to encourage an infant's social, cognitive and behavioural development. The unique anatomical pathway of olfaction means that it can influence mood, memory and the ability to use new information. Furthermore, numerous studies from several species suggest that tactile stimulation may improve cognitive, behavioural, motor and social development. Bath time offers an ideal opportunity to expose a child to a wide range of tactile stimuli. However, many parents do not seem to appreciate the potential opportunity offered by bath time to strengthen their bond with their infant and bolster their child's development.
A good death: lessons learnt from an antipodean model
Authors: Blades Sandra
Published: February 2016

With an increasingly ageing population, more and more people face end of life in a care home. Sandra Blades discusses the findings of a study visit to Australia, the lessons learnt there and how these can be adapted and applied to care in the UK
Faces sailing by: ‘Junk Theory’ and racialized bodies in the Sutherland Shire
Authors: Trimboli Daniella
Published: February 2016

This article explores how the arts-for-social change company, Big hART, responded to the Cronulla riots in Western Sydney, Australia. The riots were instigated on 4 December 2005 following an altercation between three Anglo-Australian lifeguards and a group of men identified as being of Lebanese background. Big hART’s creative response, ‘Junk Theory’, involved the collaboration of youth from diverse cultural groups in the Sutherland Shire and resulted in a moving-media installation that projected digital stories onto the sails of a junk boat. With its message, ‘It’s harder to hurt someone when you know their story’, the work raises important questions regarding diversity, social cohesion and the corporeal force of community-based art. My critique of this work is the starting point for my interest in the material – and often subtle – ways that racialized bodies come to be produced through multiculturalism discourse. I want to add to the contemporary scholarship account of a tension between theoretical/political multiculturalism and its everyday engagements, by utilizing Judith Butler’s theory of performativity to examine the multicultural body in both public and creative space. The article uses performativity to consider how it is that certain bodies came to be seen as beyond the limits of not only the Cronulla beach, but humanness itself. It then considers how the same theory makes way for slippages, which, if harnessed, may be used to deconstruct the racialized body in everyday art forms.
Stereotypes: Perceptions of the ‘other’ in Second Generation
Authors: Peart Kirandeep Kaur
Published: February 2016

The South Asian stereotype has been presented on British television through programmes such as Mind Your Language (LWT/ITV, 1977–79) and It Ain’t Half Hot Mum (BBC Television, 1974–1981). This article traces the journey of the South Asian stereotype from the racist undertones presented in British television comedies of the 1970s to the British Asian comedy show Goodness Gracious Me! (BBC Television, 1998–2000) that used the stereotype to gain a sense of ownership and represent British and South Asian identity through a South Asian lens. In recognising the South Asian presence on British television, it has been identified that the traditional stereotype has shifted from the marginalised depiction of the ‘other’ to a representation of the British-Asian subject as an integral part of multicultural Britain. Using the television drama Second Generation, an illustration of how British-Asian female identity no longer relies on previous South Asian stereotypes has been made, demanding a new way of seeing and gaining cultural understanding.
‘Cruelty Brought Thee Orchids’ (and irony) – The covert social satire of Cradle of Filth
Authors: Hay Alexander
Published: February 2016

Cradle of Filth has certainly received considerable commercial and critical success, but one area neglected by commentators is the essentially satirical and ironic tone underpinning their work. Indeed, there are obvious parallels between the band’s music, lyrics and public image
and elements of extreme satire, from the Roman period, with its combination of physical disgust and horror, to the studied brutality of modern British satirical cartoons. The conclusion is that the band is both more subversive and politically aware than may have been realized by many, including
its fans.
Conference Review
Authors: Yavuz M. Selim
Published: February 2016

Modern Heavy Metal: Markets, Practices and Cultures, Helsinki, Finland, 8–12 June 2015
Book Reviews
Authors: Buckingham Brooker
Published: February 2016

Floating Tomb: Black Metal Theory, Nicola Masciandaro and Edia Connole (2015) Milan: Mimesis International, 295 pp., ISBN: 9788869770081, p/bk, £19

Bergmetal: Oro-Emblems of The Musical Beyond, Lieut. Nab Saheb of Kashmir and Denys X. Albaris, O. S. L. (2014) Austin/New York,
USA: Hworde, 88 pp., ISBN: 9781494907204, p/bk, £6.44
Almafuerte: Metal pesado argento and its construction of Argentinian nationalism
Authors: Calvo Manuela Belén
Published: February 2016

This article analyses the tension between the local and the global in metal pesado argento of Almafuerte, the most massive band in the metal scene of Argentina. This group reinforces their local identity through their dialogue with tango and folklore, the emblematic music genres of
this country. Metal pesado argento, as a bricolage of genres and metal, can be seen as contradictory and controversial. Here these aspects are studied in relation to a particular type of nationalism and its historical context, and as a feature of global metal code. Three dimensions of Almafuerte’s
production – sonic, visual and verbal – are analysed and discussed against the theoretical framework that accounts for the production of music and culture in the context of globalization, with particular emphasis on processes of mundialization as well as on the semiotic of culture
and the notion of semiosphere. Both theories make it possible to engage in a dialogue without hierarchical levels.
Accept(ing) the other (Metallic[a]) hypermasculine image: Case studies towards an alternative understanding of hypermasculinity in the aesthetics of 1980s heavy metal
Authors: Heritage Gareth
Published: February 2016

Machismo and other thematic representations of masculinity have informed much of the scholarly research into 1980s heavy metal’s aesthetics. Although some studies have provided more substantial insights than others, the discourse has largely been shaped by scholars who criticize
1980s heavy metal because of its (hypermasculine) thematization of sexism and misogyny. However, on closer inspection hypermasculinity manifests itself in 1980s heavy metal’s aesthetics in more ways than simply through sexist and misogynist themes, but these have largely been ignored
by the discourse. As a way of bringing 1980s heavy metal’s hypermasculine aesthetic into sharper focus, this article garners a closer look at how hypermasculinity was used as an important idiomatic hallmark. It provides examples of bands, songs and albums with ‘alternative hypermasculine’
aesthetics, and elucidates how other macho themed subtexts were just as important as sexism and misogyny in defining the genre. It also argues for a paradigm shift in how scholars evaluate 1980s heavy metal’s hypermasculine aesthetics in general. This article will be of interest to scholars
of critical musicology, cultural studies, decade studies, gender studies, historiography and metal music studies.
Still Glowing Strong: Review (Denmark)
Authors: Jessen Anna Elisabeth
Published: February 2016

Still Glowing Strong is Norwegian Sindre Leganger’s tender story of an old man, Harald, who thinks he has invented an everlasting battery that could save the world. The problem is that no one has the time to look at it – his wife in particular. But as Leganger and the old man’s grandson take an interest, this short but remarkable feature reveals much about our finite lives and the eternal starry sky above us, about being stubborn, being optimistic and about hope. Leganger illustrates Zola’s dictum, that “art is a corner of reality seen through a temperament”. He plays three roles: Narrator, as we hear it mixed from the studio in the feature; Reporter as we hear Sindre asking his questions and commenting in Harald’s home; and Author. The author is not heard; the author is the person composing by editing. Enjoy the language, the story, and the composition.
NRK (Norwegian Radio) is known for technically well produced features where you can hear that time has been used in the studio for the finest editing, the best recordings of narration and an elegant mix. This feature is so well produced that it is very easy to listen to. But the strength of the feature is its clear focus, this "corner of reality", as Zola puts it. We as the listeners stay with Harald and his project all the way; we follow him, his wife Borghild, and the grandson, to the testing of the everlasting battery. After hearing this feature, we as listeners, are touched by its quiet strength.
A Kiss - Review
Authors: Jokiranta Miyuki
Published: February 2016

A Kiss is a quick six-minute dip in the shared psyche of Kaitlin and her former lover, Kyle, who after three years of being separated, now find themselves in Kaitlin’s bedroom on a sun-drenched afternoon, in the air a question - will they kiss? Kaitlin’s work chooses microcosmic worlds to enlarge to a point where each thought, each intention, even each stage of an action is given the time to unfold, offering up intimate portraits of character. Paradoxically, greater insight comes from the momentary than something attempting to be more exhaustive. Such a brief account precludes detailed explanation but creates a closeness fed by imagination. She employs audio’s ability to create liminal spaces where fantastic worlds unfurl. This is the theatre of A Kiss, in which the story’s events are narrated by the interior voices of both Kaitlin and Kyle and buoyed by non-literal sound design. The effect is a kind of suspended consciousness, with a miasmic ability to undermine certainty, for how can any two people experience the same truth? Silence sits at the heart of the piece, the moment before the kiss and the moment directly after, when the implications of the kiss are unknown, highlighting through absence acute moments of uncertainty. A listener seeking resolution will not find it. What they will find is something much closer to reality, life as a palindrome formed from the colliding trajectories that are love, lust, attraction and nostalgia. What seems to be a simple story shaped around a kiss gently teases out the nebulous nature of truth.
Impact of Barn Orientation on Insolation and Temperature of Stalls Surface
Authors: Angrecka Sabina , Herbut Piotr
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of free-stall barn orientation relative to cardinal points on the insolation area and on the surface temperature of selected stalls in the summer period. The results of the experimental research were subjected to model analysis of the distribution of area of insolation into a barn. The studies showed that the surface of insolated stalls is heated to a temperature of 40°C, and in extreme cases up to 58°C. Taking into account the body temperature of cows (38–39°C), it can be concluded that the heat transfer from animals’ body to the environment, and thus the possibility of their cooling, were difficult. This is confirmed by observations of the behaviour of cows obtained from the video monitoring. Large differences were found in thermal conditions in the southern and northern stall areas, which in the midday hours were up to 10°C. The impact of clouds occurring during observations, included in the studies, contributed to the reduction of temperature of the stalls surface. During hot weather, short, ten-minute appearance of clouds, caused a decrease of the temperature of stalls surface by approx. 2.5°C. On this basis, it can be concluded that the use of shadings in building environment in the noon hours could limit the heating up of stalls and thus contribute to improving the living conditions of cows in barn.
The Internal Security Package and Its Potential Impact on the EU–Turkey Relations within the Scope of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
Authors: Oğuşgil Vahap Atilla
Published: February 2016

Being one of the core values of the European Union, human rights have been centrally located in the European Union-Turkey relations especially since the country gained the candidate status in 1999. In human rights practices, the actor who comes to the forefront most on behalf of the state against the citizens whose rights must be protected is the police force. Therefore, the security practices enforced by the police form a huge part of human rights practices in the state and thus play a decisive role in Turkey’s relations with the Union. This article presents an evaluation of the so-called ‘internal security package’, which has just passed into law, and its potential impact on European Union-Turkey relations. The package includes specific amendments regarding the police duties and authorities, which unarguably affect human rights practices in the country. As the Union lacks a uniform norm relating to the security practices the package in question contains, the answer to the question will be sought by screening two sources: EU progress reports on Turkey and relevant ECtHR decisions, which provide definite judgements regarding the threats and risks posed by the package under discussion.
Preparation of Chitosan based Nanofibers: Optimization and Modeling
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham K. , Sivakumar V.
Published: February 2016

The main objective of the present study is to prepare a chitosan based nanofiber and model the electrospinning process using response surface methodology (RSM). The electrospinning parameters such as collector distance, polymer solution concentration and applied voltage were optimized by using three-variable-three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD). Based on RSM analysis, second order polynomial equation was formed and it indicated good correspondence between experimental and predicted values. 3D response surface plots were used to study the individual and interactive effects of process variables on chitosan based nanofiber diameter. The optimum process conditions for the minimum chitosan based nanofiber diameter (0.3 µm) were found to be collector distance of 12 cm, polymer solution concentration of 25% and applied voltage of 6 kV.
A DDoS Attacks Detection Based on Conditional Heteroscedastic Time Series Models
Authors: Andrysiak Tomasz , Saganowski Łukasz , Maszewski Mirosław , Grad Piotr
Published: February 2016

Dynamic development of various systems providing safety and protection to network infrastructure from novel, unknown attacks is currently an intensively explored and developed domain. In the present article there is presented an attempt to redress the problem by variability estimation with the use of conditional variation. The predictions of this variability were based on the estimated conditional heteroscedastic statistical models ARCH, GARCH and FIGARCH. The method used for estimating the parameters of the exploited models was determined by calculating maximum likelihood function. With the use of compromise between conciseness of representation and the size of estimation error there has been selected as a sparingly parameterized form of models. In order to detect an attack-/anomaly in the network traffic there were used differences between the actual network traffic and the estimated model of the traffic. The presented research confirmed efficacy of the described method and cogency of the choice of statistical models.
Detection of QR-Codes in Digital Images Based on Histogram Similarity
Authors: Ciążyński Karol , Fabijańska Anna
Published: February 2016

This paper considers the problem of QR codes detection in digital images. In particular, the approach for detection of QR codes is proposed. The approach is based on histogram correlation between the reference image of QR code and the input image. In particular the input image is firstly divided into blocks. These are next used to build binary map of regions similar and dissimilar in terms of histogram to the image of QR code. On the binary map the morphological operations are next applied in order to remove outliers and identify the QR code. The results of applying the introduced approach to various images are presented and discussed. Different lighting conditions, image resolutions and orientations of QR codes are considered.
Analysis of Application of Distributed Multi-Node, Multi-GPU Heterogeneous System for Acceleration of Image Reconstruction in Electrical Capacitance Tomography
Authors: Majchrowicz Michał , Kapusta Paweł , Jackowska-Strumiłło Lidia , Sankowski Dominik
Published: February 2016

3D ECT provides a lot of challenging computational issues that have been reported in the past by many researchers. Image reconstruction using deterministic methods requires execution of many basic operations of linear algebra, such as matrix transposition, multiplication, addition and subtraction. In order to reach real-time reconstruction a 3D ECT computational subsystem has to be able to transform capacitance data into image in fractions of seconds. By assuming, that many of the computations can be performed in parallel using modern, fast graphics processor and by altering the algorithms time to achieve high quality image reconstruction will be shortened significantly. The research conducted while analysing ECT algorithms has also shown that, although dynamic development of GPU computational capabilities and its recent application for image reconstruction in ECT has significantly improved calculations time, in modern systems a single GPU is not enough to perform many tasks. Distributed Multi-GPU solutions can reduce reconstruction time to only a fraction of what was possible on pure CPU systems. Nevertheless performed tests clearly illustrate the need for developing a new distributed platform, which would be able to fully utilize the potential of the hardware. It has to take into account specific nature of computations in Multi-GPU systems.
The Manhattan Project, the first electronic computer and the Monte Carlo method
Authors: Benov Dobriyan M.
Published: February 2016

The background of the Monte Carlo method is connected with two very important events in the modern human history: the World War Two and the building of first electronic computers. For that reason, we will try to synthesize the most important facts of those events that have relation to the development of the method in order to produce a clearer picture of the origination of the Monte Carlo method of stochastic sampling. The research covers the period from 1930 to 1959.
Contesting neoliberal governance. The case of Romanian Roma
Authors: Anghel Ionuț-Marian
Published: February 2016

The article delineates the shifting forms of minority governance that took shape after 1989 in solving Roma related affairs and its ambiguous effects on the ground. I argue that, after 1989, the new social and public policies adopted a more neoliberal trend in solving Romani affairs through processes of decentralization, public-private partnerships and mobilization of civil society (Roma) organizations as key tools for empowering and social inclusion of Romani communities, abandoning old governmental programs focused on discipline, control and policing. However, as we will see in the Romanian case, these processes and policies had ambiguous effects and often have gone together with a diminishing of democratic accountability and control of Roma related affairs by state/public institutions and with the devolution of responsibilities to non-governmental and human rights organizations, Roma representatives from public institutions and communities themselves (see also van Baar 2011a).
Human-induced changes in the soil cover at the mouth of the Vistula River Cross-Cut (northern Poland)
Authors: Hulisz Piotr , Michalski Adam , Dąbrowski Michał , Kusza Grzegorz , Łéczyński Leszek
Published: February 2016

The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of human activity on the soil formation at the mouth of the Vistula Cross-Cut (northern Poland). The detailed research was conducted in the test area (about 500 ha) for which the soil map was created. The three major soil belts were distinguished, grouping the soils formed on marine, aeolian and technogenic sediments, deposited both naturally and anthropogenically as a result of the hydrotechnical works. Initial soils, arenosols, gleysols, brackish marsh soils and industrial soils predominate across the study area. Most of them were characterized by high spatial diversity and multi-layering. Their properties reflected varied dynamics of the local environment on both sides of the river channel, greatly enhanced by the human activity. Based of the obtained results, some proposals concerning arenosols, marsh soils and industrial soils for the Polish Soil Classification (2011) were presented.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Scarre Chris
Published: February 2016

It is not often that Egyptology features in US presidential campaigns, but such was the case back in November when Republican candidate Ben Carson asserted that the pyramids of Egypt were built not for burials but as grain stores. He had held this view for some time, apparently ascertaining it from the biblical narrative that tells how Joseph was sold into slavery in Egypt, rose to be the pharaoh's right-hand man and built grain stores in the seven years of plenty to prepare for the seven lean years to follow (Genesis 41). Whether or not there is some historical truth behind that story, a leap of faith of an entirely different order is required to believe that the pyramids were the grain stores in question. Carson's theory has been widely—and quite properly—dismissed, and one could well ask, does it matter? But surely it must. Ignorance of the past among politicians, and the public at large, is not encouraging, and if they take so little notice of evidence from archaeology, will they do any better elsewhere?
Many Diseases, One Model of Care?
Authors: Albreht Tit , Dyakova Mariana , Schellevis François G. , Van den Broucke Stephan
Published: February 2016

Patients with multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) have complex and extensive health and social care needs that are not well served by current silo-based models of care. A lack of integration between care providers often leads to fragmented, incomplete, and ineffective care, leaving many patients overwhelmed and unable to navigate their way towards better health outcomes. In planning for the future, healthcare policies and models of care are required that cater for the complex needs of patients with multimorbidity and that deliver coordinated care that is patient-centred and focused on disease prevention, multidisciplinary teamwork and shared decision-making, and on empowering patients to self-manage. Salient lessons can be learnt from the work undertaken at a European and national level to develop care models in cancer and diabetes – two complex and often co-occurring conditions requiring coordinated long-term care. Innovative work is also underway in many European countries aimed at improving the integration of care for people with multimorbidity, resulting in more efficient and cost-effective health outcomes. This article reviews some of the most innovative programmes that have been initiated across and within Europe with the aim of improving the way care is delivered to people with complex and multiple long-term conditions. This work provides a foundation upon which to build better, more effective models of care for people with multimorbidity.
EJE PRIZE 2016: Mechanisms of oestrogen receptor (ER) gene regulation in breast cancer
Authors: Carroll J S
Published: February 2016

Most breast cancers are driven by a transcription factor called oestrogen receptor (ER). Understanding the mechanisms of ER activity in breast cancer has been a major research interest and recent genomic advances have revealed extraordinary insights into how ER mediates gene transcription and what occurs during endocrine resistance. This review discusses our current understanding on ER activity, with an emphasis on several evolving, but important areas of ER biology.
THE USE OF BIOCERAMICS IN ENDODONTICS - LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Jitaru Stefan , Hodisan Ioana , Timis Lucia , Lucian Anamaria , Bud Marius
Published: February 2016

Background and aim. Bioceramics are ceramic compounds obtained both in situ and in vivo, by various chemical processes.  Bioceramics exhibit excellent biocompatibility due to their similarity with biological materials, like hydroxyapatite. Bioceramics and multi-substituted hydroxyapatite or similar compounds have the ability to induce a regenerative response in the organism.The aim of this paper is to make a literature review on the main bioceramic materials currently used in endodontics and on their specific characteristics.Methods. We conducted a search in the international databases (PubMed), to identify publications in the last 10 years, using the following key words: "bioceramics endodontics", "bioceramic endodontic cement", "bioceramic sealer" and "direct pulp capping bioceramic".Results. Commonly used endodontic sealers (e.g., containing zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide and a resin) have a long tradition in scientific research and clinical use in endodontics. For specific cases, like root resorptions, perforations, apexification, and retrograde fillings, new biocompatible materials were developed in order to improve the clinical outcome: ProRooT MTA (Dentsply Company,Germany); Biodentine (Septodont, France); Endosequence BC sealer (Brassler, SUA); Bioaggregate (IBC, Canada); Generex A (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, USA).Conclusion. The studies are generally in favor of bioceramic materials even if there are not many products available on the market for endodontic use. As more products are launched and more research is performed regarding these materials, we will provide more reliable data on clinical outcome.
Kapłańska droga księdza prałata Stanisława Indyka
Authors: Kupiec Tomasz
Published: February 2016

Życie ks. Stanisława Indyka stanowi dla kapłanów przykład realizacji powołania, a dla wiernych świeckich jest wyraźnym drogowskazem w drodze do Boga. Po otrzymaniu święceń kapłańskich pracował jako wikariusz i katecheta. Następnie pełnił posługę ojca duchownego i prefekta w Seminarium Duchownym w Tarnowie. W trudnych czasach wojny i okupacji otaczał pasterską troską swoich parafian w Tarnowie-Mościcach. Zorganizował ośrodek tajnego nauczania, rozwijał pomoc charytatywną oraz budował nowy kościół parafialny. Wytężona praca duszpasterska odbiła się na jego zdrowiu. Przeżył 80 lat, służąc z oddaniem Bogu i ludziom.
Growth and nutrient accumulation in mycorrhized papaya seedlings cultivated in a phosphorus-fertilized substrate
Authors: Almeida Dácio Jerônimo de , Pereira Walter Esfrain , Alexandre Patrícia da Silva , Nunes Járisson Cavalcante , Ferreira Wagner de Melo
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT The indiscriminate use of mineral fertilizers in papaya orchards has increased production costs, and the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a promising alternative to reduce such expenses. Therefore, the present research aimed at studying the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on dry matter and nutrient accumulation in Sunrise Solo papaya seedlings, by applying doses of P2O5 (triple superphosphate) that are harmful to the symbiosis. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment and was set up in a randomized block design with four replications, and consisted of four P2O5 doses (0, 672, 1386 and 2100 mg dm-3), three mycorrhizal fungi species (Gigaspora margarita, Entrophospora colombiana and Scutellospora heterogama) and the control treatment (mycorrhiza-free). Shoot and root dry matter as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in leaf and root tissues were assessed. Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted a 30% increase in shoot dry matter in relation to the control treatment. Mycorrhizal fungi promoted increases in leaf and root nitrogen content up to 672 mg dm-3 P2O5. Inoculation of E. colombiana favored the highest gains in root and shoot dry matter. P2O5 fertilization increased foliar and root phosphorus content.
Assessing the dynamics of terms of trade in a model of cumulative causation and structural change
Authors: ARAUJO RICARDO AZEVEDO
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT The motivation for this paper stems from the steady decline in the share of consumer expenditures on goods produced in the global south, coupled with the (empirically ambiguous) Singer/Prebisch hypothesis that this can be explained by a secular decline in the southern terms of trade. Drawing on these sources of inspiration, the paper sets out to study the dynamics of the terms of trade using a multi-sector growth model based on the principle of cumulative causation. The upshot is a North-South model of growth and trade in which the evolution of the terms of trade depends on differential rates of productivity growth in different sectors of the economy - and in which terms of trade dynamics may not be the best guide as to whether or not there is an uneven development problem.
Boulevard to broken dreams, Part 1: the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon, and the World Bank's environmental and indigenous peoples' norms
Authors: WADE ROBERT H.
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Before the mid 1980s the World Bank conceived "nature" as something to be "conquered" and "environment" as a source of resources for "development". By the late 1980s the Bank incorporated norms of environmental sustainability and indigenous peoples' protection into its mandate, and other development-oriented IOs followed. This two-part paper describes how a fight over the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon - inside the Bank, between the Bank and NGOs supported by the US Congress, and between the Bank and the government of Brazil -helped to generate the far-reaching change of policy norms. The first part describes how the project was designed as an innovation in sustainable development in rainforests; and how it provoked a firestorm inside the Bank as it moved towards project approval.
Judicialização da questão social e a banalização da interdição de pessoas com transtornos mentais
Authors: Barison Mônica Santos , Gonçalves Rafael Soares
Published: February 2016

Resumo: O artigo analisa o protagonismo do Poder Judiciário no enfrentamento da questão social, no bojo dos processos de interdição de pessoas com transtornos mentais. A judicialização da questão social se dá a partir da transferência de responsabilidades do Poder Executivo para o Judiciário no que se refere à garantia de direitos sociais, levada a cabo no processo de interdição, o que acaba privando os interditados do gozo dos direitos civis e políticos. Tal procedimento revela, sob uma nova roupagem, a face conservadora e coercitiva do Estado.
Dificuldades para alimentação saudável entre usuários da atenção básica em saúde e fatores associados
Authors: Lindemann Ivana Loraine , Oliveira Riceli Rodeghiero , Mendoza-Sassi Raúl Andres
Published: February 2016

Resumo Estudo transversal de base de serviços de saúde sobre a prevalência de percepção dificuldades para ter uma alimentação saudável, seus fatores associados e seus motivos, em uma amostra de 1.246 adultos e idosos usuários da atenção básica. A prevalência de percepção dificuldades foi de 31,1% (IC95 28,5-33,6) e os fatores associados foram sexo feminino (RP = 1,69; IC95 1,28-2,25), idade adulta (RP = 1,33; IC95 1,11-1,59), renda, sendo o maior efeito no quintil mais elevado (RP = 0,63; IC95 0,47-0,83), maior número de doenças crônicas autorreferidas (RP = 1,31; IC95 1,03-1,67), insegurança alimentar (RP = 2,28; IC95 1,93-2,69), não recebimento de orientação alimentar (RP = 0,75; 0,63-0,89) e hábito de não ler rótulos de alimentos (RP = 1,42; 1,08-1,86). Dentre os que tinham dificuldades, os motivos mencionados foram custo elevado dos alimentos considerados saudáveis (57,6%), força de vontade insuficiente (49,4%), necessidade de abrir mão de alimentos considerados não saudáveis (41,6%), falta de tempo (35,7%) e conhecimento insuficiente (31,3%). Os resultados evidenciam a importância do conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde acerca das dificuldades dos usuários e da necessidade de adequação das ações de promoção da alimentação saudável, a fim de evitar condutas padronizadas.
Salud mental en la comunidad en situaciones de desastre. Una revisión de los modelos de abordaje en la comunidad
Authors: Abeldaño Roberto Ariel , Fernández Ruth
Published: February 2016

Resumen Resumen Se realizó un trabajo de revisión de literatura de tipo narrativo, con el objetivo de explorar los modelos de intervención psicosocial en situaciones de desastre. Se incluyeron documentos rescatados a través de PubMed, SciELO, GoogleScholar, y Medline entre los años 1980-2014 en idioma español, inglés y francés. Además se efectuaron búsquedas en sitios web de organizaciones internacionales y gubernamentales para recopilar información relacionada a documentos que reportaban experiencias y resultados. Se identificaron 4 tipos de intervenciones psicosociales en situaciones de desastre: las basadas en el tiempo, las centradas en un tipo de desastre específico, las intervenciones por esferas o niveles de acción y las centradas en las personas. Los modelos de abordaje analizados contaron con diferencias y similitudes, a partir de la concepción teórica del desastre y de la visión integral del fenómeno. Se resalta la necesidad de generar y apoyar programas donde el empoderamiento y la participación comunitaria sean el eje de las intervenciones psicosociales.
Percepção da população brasileira sobre a assistência prestada pelo médico. Brasil, 2013
Authors: Szwarcwald Célia Landman , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de , Almeida Wanessa da Silva , Malta Deborah Carvalho
Published: February 2016

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a percepção dos usuários sobre a consulta médica, utilizando as informações da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013. Entre os que se consultaram com médico nos últimos 12 meses, foram analisados 12 aspectos relacionados aos serviços de saúde e à consulta médica, segundo o local de atendimento (público/privado). Por meio de regressão logística multivariada, foram estabelecidos os fatores associados à insatisfação com o atendimento recebido. Para a redução de dimensionalidade dos aspectos avaliados, utilizou-se análise de componentes principais. A PNS revelou que 74,2% se consultou com médico. Entre as diferenças por local de atendimento, destacaram-se a forma de obtenção da consulta, o tipo de médico, o tempo de espera, e o motivo da consulta. Os escores medianos se concentraram em 80 (bom), com exceção do tempo de espera entre os usuários do SUS. Proporções de avaliação muito boa foram, porém, maiores entre os usuários do setor privado. O atendimento por médicos generalistas foi significativamente associado à insatisfação. Apesar da avaliação positiva em ambos os setores, público e privado, a configuração das Unidades da Federação no plano formado pelos dois eixos principais seguiu um padrão de marcantes desigualdades regionais.
Fatores associados à discriminação percebida nos serviços de saúde do Brasil: resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013
Authors: Boccolini Cristiano Siqueira , Boccolini Patricia de Moraes Mello , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Ferreira Arthur Pate de Souza , Szwarcwald Célia Landmann
Published: February 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores associados à discriminação percebida nos serviços de saúde do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico de base populacional com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013, a qual teve desenho complexo de amostra em três estágios. Foi selecionado um indivíduo de cada domicílio amostrado com 18 anos ou mais de idade (n = 62.202). O desfecho foi a percepção de discriminação por médicos ou profissionais de saúde sofrida nos serviços de saúde. Foi estimado um modelo de regressão logística, ajustado por fatores de confundimento. A discriminação foi relatada por 10,5% da população brasileira, sendo a falta de dinheiro (5,7%) e classe social (5,6%) as mais frequentemente apontadas. O modelo ajustado evidenciou que mulheres, indivíduos com ensino fundamental incompleto, não brancos, e sem plano de saúde privado tiveram maior chance de se sentir discriminados. Enfim, um décimo da população brasileira relatou sentir-se discriminada nos serviços de saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de regulamentação e amplo debate sobre as leis brasileiras que garantem acesso universal e igualitário aos serviços públicos e privados de saúde.
Sampling plan for using a motorized penetrometer in soil compaction evaluation
Authors: Storck Lindolfo , Kobata Sarha G. K. , Brum Betania , Soares André B. , Modolo Alcir J. , Assmann Tangriani S.
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the size of blocks of observations of resistance to penetration, obtained by a motorized digital penetrometer, and the number of blocks with semi-amplitude of the confidence interval between 5 and 20% of the mean penetration resistance, for different soil depth ranges and cone diameters. Data were collected in two contrasting plots of a crop-livestock integration experiment, located in Abelardo Luz, SC, Brazil. Ten blocks were delimited and the resistance to penetration was determined in 20 points spaced by 20 cm, using a motorized digital soil penetrometer. To estimate the mean of resistance to penetration, 12 blocks of four points per experimental plot should be used for a semi-amplitude of the confidence interval equal to 10% of the mean (1 - p = 0.95). Twenty random points may be sampled to estimate mean of penetration resistance for a semiamplitude confidence interval of 10% of the man (1 - p = 0.95). The sample size for the layer of 0-10 cm is larger than in the deeper layers (0-20, 0-30 and 0-40 cm) and smaller for cones with larger diameter.
A economia das firmas cooperadas e a análise antitruste*
Authors: Esteves Luiz A.
Published: February 2016

Resumo A literatura econômica tem despendido décadas de esforço analítico para fornecer evidências teóricas e empíricas acerca das diferenças de comportamento entre as firmas gerenciadas pelo capital (firmas capitalistas convencionais) e firmas gerenciadas pelo trabalho (inclui as cooperativas e associações de profissionais), principalmente no que diz respeito aos seus objetivos. As firmas capitalistas convencionais objetivam a maximização dos lucros, enquanto que as firmas cooperadas objetivam a estabilidade do emprego e do produto. A política antitruste tem replicado o mesmo tratamento despendido às firmas capitalistas convencionais para os casos envolvendo as firmas cooperadas. Tal decisão pode aumentar a probabilidade de ocorrências de erros do tipo I e do tipo II. Esse problema se torna menor quando os casos envolvem "falsas cooperativas". Em termos de política pública, a conclusão do presente artigo é de que uma concentração ou coordenação entre cooperados de fato ou profissionais não é, per se, condição necessária e suficiente para causar dano concorrencial. As especificidades destes tipos de organizações demandam análise específica e a aplicação da regra da razão. Finalmente, o artigo fornece uma proposta de filtro para distinção entre firmas cooperadas de fato e de cartéis disfarçados de cooperativas.
Dinâmica Espaço-temporal de Focos de Calor em Duas Terras Indígenas do Estado de Mato Grosso: uma Abordagem Geoespacial sobre a Dinâmica do Uso do Fogo por Xavantes e Bororos
Authors: Abreu Fabio de Almeida , Souza Josiane do Socorro Aguiar
Published: February 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo foi, com suporte de geotecnologias, estudar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos focos de calor detectados pelos sensores a bordo dos satélites NOAA-12 e NOAA-15 entre os anos de 2005 e 2010, em uma região do leste de Mato Grosso. Observou-se que nas terras indígenas Merure, pertencentes à etnia Bororo, e São Marcos, pertencentes à etnia Xavante, os focos de calor apresentaram padrões distintos, o que pode ser atribuído a diferentes formas de utilização do fogo por essas etnias. Comparando-se os focos nas três áreas, Bororo, Xavante e entorno, notou-se que na terra indígena dos Bororos, existe maior concentração e densidade de focos de calor próximo às rodovias existentes em seu interior. Para a terra indígena dos Xavantes, apesar da existência de uma rodovia em seu interior, os focos de calor se distribuem de forma dispersa por todo o território. A prática da caça com a utilização do fogo pelos Xavantes exerce forte influência nessa distribuição de focos.