bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accurate and safe pulse oximeter use
Authors: Martlı Emine Pınar , Ünlüsoy Dinçer Nigar
Published: March 2020

Today, tools, the product of biomedical technology, are routinely used in healthcare practices. Accurate and effective use of these devices which provide convenience for practice and assessment of patient will provide reliable results about the patient. The use of technological devices has become widespread in nursing practice areas. Pulse oximeter, which is a technological tool, is used for the measurement of oxygen saturation which is considered among the vital signs of nursing practice. Errors made during the use of the pulse oximeter which enables the patient to be followed effectively can lead to incorrect measurements and false progress of the patient's follow-up and treatment process. It is very important for nurses to know the use of pulse oximeter devices which have become more common in recent years and the factors affecting the reliability of oxygen saturation values measured in pulse oximeter in terms of medical treatment, nursing care and patient safety. In this review, factors that may affect the reliability of the measurement of oxygen saturation with pulse oximeter and related patient safety measurements are discussed.  ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Günümüzde sağlık bakım uygulamalarında teknolojik cihazlar rutin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Uygulamada ve hastanın değerlendirilmesinde kolaylık sağlayan bu cihazlarının doğru ve etkin bir şekilde kullanılması hasta hakkında güvenilir sonuçlar sağlayacaktır. Hemşirelik uygulama alanlarında da teknolojik cihazların kullanımı yaygınlaşmıştır. Temel hemşirelik uygulamaları içerisinde yer alan yaşamsal bulguların değerlendirilmesi açısından oldukça önemli olan oksijen satürasyonunun ölçümü için teknolojik bir araç olan pulse oksimetre cihazı kullanılmaktadır. Hastanın etkin bir şekilde takip edilmesini sağlayan pulse oksimetre cihazının kullanımı sırasında yapılan hatalar, yanlış ölçüm sonuçlarına ve bu doğrultuda hastanın takip ve tedavi sürecinin yanlış ilerlemesine sebep olabilmektedir. Hemşirelerin, son yıllarda kullanımı giderek yaygın hale gelen pulse oksimetre cihazlarının kullanımını ve pulse oksimetrede ölçülen oksijen satürasyonu değerinin güvenilirliğini etkileyen faktörleri bilmesi tıbbi tedavi, hemşirelik bakımı ve hasta güvenliği açısından oldukça önemlidir.  Bu derlemede, pulse oksimetre ile oksijen satürasyon ölçümü sırasında ölçümün güvenilirliğini etkileyebilecek faktörler ve bunlara yönelik hasta güvenliği önlemleri ele alınmıştır.
Life-Cycle Assessment on Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery in Hybrid Vehicles: Comparison between Regenerated and New Battery
Authors: Wang Shuoyao , Yu Jeongsoo
Published: March 2020

To reduce air pollution and avoid petroleum exhaustion problem, many advanced countries, especially Japan installed Hybrid Vehicles (HV). As the use of HV popularizes around the world, there will be a huge amount of End-of-Life HV in the near future, and the proper treatment of these End-of-Life HVs, especially the waste NiMH (Nickel-Metal Hydride) batteries, will become a serious problem. Currently, the recycling of NiMH battery is gaining substantial attention. However, instead of recycling waste NiMH batteries directly, regenerating and reusing a used NiMH battery for a secondhand HV will largely reduce waste battery generation and demand for new NiMH battery. However, the environmental impact of regenerating and reusing a waste NiMH battery was not clear and has not been compared with the situation when using a brand-new NiMH battery. The purpose of this research is to compare the environmental performance (CO2 emission) of regenerated NiMH battery and brand-new NiMH battery in an HV from their production to usage stage and to discuss the validity of using a regenerated NiMH in Japan and in other countries using the Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. This research analyzed the composition of a NiMH battery and the CO2 emission during the manufacture, transportation, regeneration and usage process of a NiMH battery. The data used in this research was collected from reports and data published by the government of Japan, vehicle makers and previous studies. Original field survey and interview research on battery regeneration operators were also performed. The result showed that there is not a big difference in environmental effect. Moreover, by doing so, a huge amount of resource will be saved from battery manufacturing process while reducing waste generation. It is recommended that waste NiMH battery should be regenerated and reused in HV instead of being recycled directly in the future.
The Early Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire: Measuring Intuitive Theories of Parenting and Child Development
Authors: Hembacher Emily , Frank Michael C.
Published: March 2020

Parenting behaviors and decisions play an important role in determining children’s early environment. Are these behaviors driven by an intuitive theory of parenting – a coherent set of beliefs about child development and parent-child relationships? In exploratory work, we asked adults on Amazon Mechanical Turk to endorse a set of propositions about parenting and conducted exploratory factor analyses of their responses. Three distinct factors appeared in responses: an Affection and Attachment factor, an Early Learning factor, and a Rules and Respect factor. In an iterative process, we created a scale of items with subscales designed to measure these factors, which we call the Early Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (EPAQ). We next conducted two studies with groups of parents (on Mechanical Turk and from the membership of a local museum) to estimate the validity of the new scale. We asked whether agreement with each subscale varied based on demographic factors and whether intuitive theories predicted self-reported parenting behaviors. The EPAQ provides an instrument to assess attitudes about parenting and child development, facilitating investigation of and intervention on parenting behaviors.
Asymptomatic Left Ventricle Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Sara Jaskanwal D , Toya Takumi , Taher Riad , Lerman Amir , Gersh Bernard , Anavekar Nandan S
Published: March 2020

Heart failure is a common debilitating illness, associated with significant morbidity and mortality, rehospitalisation and societal costs. Current guidelines and position statements emphasise the management of patients with overt symptomatic disease, but the increasing prevalence of congestive heart failure underscores the need to identify and manage patients with early left ventricular dysfunction prior to symptom onset. Asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ALVSD), classified as stage B heart failure, is defined as depressed left ventricular systolic function in the absence of clinical heart failure. Early initiation of therapies in patients with presumed ALVSD has been shown to lead to better outcomes. In this article, the authors clarify issues surrounding the definition and natural history of ALVSD, outline clinical tools that may be of value in identifying patients with ALVSD and highlight potential opportunities for future investigations to better address aspects of our understanding of this complex syndrome.
Arm and hand function in hemodialysis patients. A cross sectional analytical study
Authors: Nisihara Renato Mitsunori , Fonseca Danielle , Kavilhuka Jessica , Tenorio Paulo , Skare Thelma
Published: March 2020

Aims: To investigate the arm and hand function in hemodialysis patients.Methods: Upper limb function using validated questionnaires such as Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), Cochin and Boston were applied to 57 chronic renal failure patients on hemodialysis and 60 healthy controls. Epidemiological data, data on pain and paresthesia in the upper limb and handgrip strength were obtained.Results: The three questionnaires showed worse performance of upper limb function in chronic renal failure patients than controls: DASH questionnaire with P = 0.05; Cochin questionnaire with P = 0.0004 and Boston questionnaire with P = 0.03. The questionnaire scores were affected by presence of pain (P = 0.05 for DASH and < 0.0001 for Boston questionnaires) and paresthesia (DASH with P = 0.003; Cochin with P = 0.01 and Boston questionnaire with P < 0.0001). Handgripstrength was lower in hemodialysis patients when compared with controls (P = 0.02) but did not affect the performance of any of the studied questionnaires.Conclusions: Upper limb function is impaired in hemodialysis patients and the main associations found were with pain and paresthesia.
Introduced Prophysaon andersonii (J.G. Cooper, 1872) in Quebec, Canada: first record of Prophysaon (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Arionoidea) in eastern North America, confirmed by partial-COI gene sequence
Authors: Nicolai Annegret , Forsyth Robert G.
Published: March 2020

We report for the first time the terrestrial slug Prophysaon andersonii (J.G. Cooper, 1872) from Quebec, Canada. Two specimens were collected in Parc national du Bic. The identification was determined by the external morphology and partial-COI gene sequence data. The genus Prophysaon is endemic to western North America, and the new record indisputably represents an introduction. No species of Prophysaon has, until now, been noticed in North America from outside its native range.
Phenotypic and genetic parameters of milk yield traits in first-calf heifers of Holstein-Friesian breed
Authors: Popovac Mladen , Miletić Aleksandar , Raguž Nikola , Beskorovajni Radmila , Stanojević Dragan , Radivojević Mihailo , Mićić Nenad , Đurić Nenad
Published: March 2020

The objective of this paper was to study variability, heritability and correlation of the three production traits in 1409 first-calf heifers of Holstein-Friesian breed; including the determination of the quantity of milk during lactation (ML), the quantity of milk fat during lactation (MM) and the quantity of protein during lactation (PR). According to the obtained results it could be concluded that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001) between ML, MM and PR regarding the effect of season of the first calving and the length of the first lactation. In addition, there were also significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.001) between ML and PR with respect to the effect of farm on which animals were raised, while on MM variability the year and age at first calving had a significant effect (P<0.05). A share of Holstein genes and the ration which animals were fed had no effect (P>0.05) on variability of any of the examined traits, while the farm on which animals were raised had no effect (P>0.05) on MM, and year and age at first calving did not demonstrate (P>0.05) statistically significant effect on ML and PR. By applying the animal model, based on the use of kinship matrix which involved 3867 animals, by help of REML methodology following heritability coefficients were evaluated: ML h2= 0.25; MM h2= 0.40; PR h2= 0.37. Coefficients determined for genetic and phenotypic correlations indicated existence of complete and positive correlations between these traits the interval of values being from rg = 0.96 between ML and MM to rg = 1.00 between ML and PR.
Potensi Lazisnu dalam Meningkatkan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Kota Sorong Papua Barat
Authors: Hamzah Hamzah , Umrah St
Published: March 2020

One of the worship in Islam is the implementation of zakat, infaq and Shadaqah (ZIS). On the other hand, ZIS is also an effective solution in empowering the social economy. This study aims to elaborate the potential and socio-economic assistance of the community conducted by LAZISNU Sorong. The research method uses descriptive qualitative research with NU leaders, LAZISNU Sorong managers and beneficiary communities as informants in the study. Data collected by observation, interview and documentation. The Miles and Huberman model analysis technique is used as an analysis tool. The results of this study show that the number of Nahdiyin (member of Nahdlatul ulama) residents and a solid and competent management team is a potential in the development of LAZIZNU. There are 4 models of excellent programs that continue to be carried out, including: NUSmart, NUPrenuer, NUSkill, and NUCare as pillars of improving the social economy of the community. In addition, the activation of the District Level NU Deputy Council, and the establishment of new branches and UPZIS can reach muzaqqi and munfiq in the interior into an effort in institutional optimization.
STRINGING US ALONG
Authors: Otto Sue K. , Pusack James P.
Published: March 2020

The art of computer programming for computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in foreign languages is not well understood. In order to stimulate exchange of experiences and techniques in this area, we present a discussion of programming in two major sections, plus an introductory section (Section I)., Section II describes an introductory programming course designed specifically for foreign language teachers. We hope it can serve as a model for similar courses at many institutions. Indirectly, it also offers the autodidactic some hints on ways to focus self-study. Section III tackles more advanced questions related to the manipulation of text in foreign language CAI.
SINGLE FRAME VIDEO FOR LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
Authors: DeBloois Michael
Published: March 2020

Everybody is excited about the use of interactive videodisc for language instruction. There is good reason to be optimistic because this medium offers much of what we have been waiting for since the benefits of using audio-visual materials in teaching languages were first recognized.
TECHNOLOGY AND LANGUAGE LEARNING AT BYU
Authors: Hendricks Harold , Bennion Junius L. , Larson Jerry
Published: March 2020

This article summarizes the efforts to apply high technology to the teaching and learning of languages at Brigham Young University. These efforts are largely centered around three separate departments. These are: 1) The Learning Resource Center which in addition to the normally expected audio and visual equipment, courseware and other resources also offers courses on the TICCIT Computer System; 2) the David O. McKay Institute of Education which did pioneer research work in the area of videodiscs and associated technology; 3) and the Humanities Learning Resource Center which offers several facilities for the benefit of the language student and which provides an Apple Language Lab for those students.
COMPUTER-ASSISTED TEXT-ANALYSIS FOR ESL STUDENTS
Authors: Reid Joy , Lindstrom, Peggy , McCaffrey Maggie , Larson Doug
Published: March 2020

Our very limited objectives for this project were to determine (a) whether or not international students learning English could learn to use computer equipment and (b) whether or not those students felt that the time invested was worthwhile, both in terms of their writing skills and in terms of the cultural experience. Additionally, we hoped to see whether working with the computer system would mitigate three significant problems ESL writers have in writingAmerican academic prose.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND THE NEW TECHNOLOGY
Authors: McCurdy Dave
Published: March 2020

Congressman Dave McCurdy describes challenges with learning foreign languages and coping with new technology.
CARPE DIEM
Authors: Kenny Minnie
Published: March 2020

This address was given on 24 January, 1984, at a Banquet in conjunction with the 1984 CALICO-sponsored Advances in Computerized Education (ACE) Symposium held in Baltimore, Maryland.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING ON SPANS USING THE RESONANCE REGIONS OF THE POWER SPECTRUM DENSITY (RR-PSD)
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Quang
Published: March 2020

This article proposes a new method which can be used to evaluate the mechanical responses of damage detection in spans. This method can monitor the stiffness degradation of spans over  time. This monitoring processes will be conducted at different measuring points on spans, on different spans at the same or different measuring periods. The obtained results show that the change of acreage in the resonance regions of the power spectrum density has brought many positive preliminary outcomes in evaluating the quality of projects during their operational period. The study also shows that the change of acreage in the resonance regions allows us to identify the dangerous points on different spans of a bridge.
EFFECT OF SLIDING AND HAMMERING CONTACT FOR CRACK GENERATION AND FRACTURE TOUGHNESSS IN SCRATCH TEST
Authors: Vu Hoa Cong
Published: March 2020

Scratch test is one of widely used, fast, and effective methods to obtain the critical loads that are related to adhesion properties of coating. The contact situation in a scratch tester is the combination of the hammering and sliding contact. Due to the increasing load of the stylus over an elastic-plastic zone, the surface defect will occur and lead to the creation of some first visible angular cracks in the coating. As a result, this phenomenon will affect to the crack generation and failure mechanism. A three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) for describing the stress-strain behavior under stylus loading was built to get the explain the effect of contact forces for the fracture mechanism.
Obstetric and perinatal care units functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Di Renzo Gian Carlo , Makatsariya Alexander D. , Tsibizova Valentina I. , Capanna Federica , Rasero Bartha , Komlichenko Eduard V. , Pervunina Tatiana M. , Khizroeva Jamilya Kh. , Bitsadze Victoria O. , Shkoda Andrei S.
Published: March 2020

The rapid spread of COVID-19 and the large number of cases put a significant burden on the health systems of any developed country. Specialists in natural disasters and military medicine should be involved in the provision of medical care and observance of anti-epidemic measures. In some countries, including Italy, they were involved only after the situation was dramatically worsening with many clinical units and hospitals overloaded by infected patients. To curb the spread of COVID-19, most countries declared a state of emergency, and unprecedented measures have been taken to strengthen quarantine in suspected or positive symptomatic subjects. Nevertheless, the crisis associated with the unexpectedly global scale and tragedy of the pandemic and the inconsistency of actions of both society and individuals and specialized medical services, lead to insufficient effectiveness of the measures taken in a number of regions. In the present day, it is vital for every person to change its mindset ― relying on personal responsibility to comply with all recommendations of quarantine and anti-epidemic measures, and to reorganize departments and resources of medical institutions at all levels in order to withstand the spread of infection and at the same time provide all those in need with the necessary and appropriate medical care. Particular attention should be paid to the obstetric care service, given that even in normal times, the obstetric hospital is an area of increased responsibility for the life and health of mother and child and future mankind. Fulfillment of existing orders, instructions of national and regional committees, international and national protocols and clinical protocols should undoubtedly lead to a positive result, but this requires additional training of medical personnel at all levels. The purpose of this review is to propose quick key strategies for reassessing the maternity and neonatal wards/ hospitals based on the experience of health systems and organizations which faced the spread of this new coronavirus; this advice may be applied along with binding tight instructions in obstetric hospitals in order to proactively respond to a likely wave of growth in COVID-19.
Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life of Parenteral Nutrition for Patients with Advanced Cancer Cachexia: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bouleuc Carole , Anota Amélie , Cornet Cécile , Grodard Ghislain , Thiery-Vuillemin Antoine , Dubroeucq Olivier , Crétineau Nathalie , Frasie Véronique , Gamblin Vincent , Chvetzoff Gisèle , Favier Laure , Tournigand Christophe , Grach Marie-Christine , Raynard Bruno , Salas Sébastien , Capodano Géraldine , Pazart Lionel , Aubry Régis
Published: March 2020

Background

Malnutrition worsens health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the prognosis of patients with advanced cancer. This study aimed to assess the clinical benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN) over oral feeding (OF) for patients with advanced cancer cachexia and without intestinal impairment.

Material and Methods

In this prospective multicentric randomized controlled study, patients with advanced cancer and malnutrition were randomly assigned to optimized nutritional care with or without supplemental PN. Zelen's method was used for randomization to facilitate inclusions. Nutritional and performance status and HRQoL using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C15-PAL questionnaire were evaluated at baseline and monthly until death. Primary endpoint was HRQoL deterioration-free survival (DFS) defined as a definitive deterioration of ≥10 points compared with baseline, or death.

Results

Among the 148 randomized patients, 48 patients were in the experimental arm with PN, 63 patients were in the control arm with OF only, and 37 patients were not included because of early withdrawal or refused consent. In an intent to treat analysis, there was no difference in HRQoL DFS between the PN arm or OF arm for the three targeted dimensions: global health (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.94; p = .18), physical functioning (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.06–2.35; p = .024), and fatigue (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.80–1.77; p = .40); there was a negative trend for overall survival among patients in the PN arm. In as treated analysis, serious adverse events (mainly infectious) were more frequent in the PN arm than in the OF arm (p = .01).

Conclusion

PN improved neither HRQoL nor survival and induced more serious adverse events than OF among patients with advanced cancer and malnutrition. Clinical trial identification number. NCT02151214

Implications for Practice

This clinical trial showed that parenteral nutrition improved neither quality of life nor survival and generated more serious adverse events than oral feeding only among patients with advanced cancer cachexia and no intestinal impairment. Parenteral nutrition should not be prescribed for patients with advanced cancer, cachexia, and no intestinal failure when life expectancy is shorter than 3 months. Further studies are needed to assess the useful period with a potential benefit of artificial nutrition for patients with advanced cancer.
Assessment of the 2014 structural collapse of Batalha dos Guararapes viaduct, Brazil
Authors: Pereira Sebastião Salvador Real , Carvalho Hermes , Mendes Victor Roberto Verga , Montenegro Pedro Aires
Published: March 2020

The urban viaduct Olimpio Mourão Filho in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, also known as Batalha dos Guararapes viaduct, partly collapsed while under construction in July 2014, killing two people. The 375 m structure consists of seven box-section spans that were concreted on-site and prestressed with post-tensioned cables. A week after the end of the central part shoring was removed, a central column and two adjacent spans collapsed onto the road below, killing two people. No additional loads had been applied from the beginning of the shoring removal until the collapse. This paper describes the viaduct project and analyses the reasons that led to the collapse. The collapsed column was supported by ten 0·8 m dia. piles. The failure occurred abruptly and was caused by insufficient longitudinal reinforcement of the pile cap block. At the time of the collapse, the column load was fully transferred to the two central piles, driving them 7·5 m into the ground and leading to the viaduct collapse.
Influence of reinforcement type on the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Stroński Przemysław , Błażejewski Wojciech , Socha Tomasz , Denisiewicz Arkadiusz , Kula Krzysztof , Lesiuk Grzegorz , Correia José A F O
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the results of comparative strength tests on reinforced concrete beams with two different types of reinforcement. The test beams had glass-fibre-reinforced-polymer reinforcing bars with transversal stirrups, while the control beams used conventional steel reinforcement. Both groups were prepared with appropriate geometric parameters and dimensions to enable meaningful comparison. The research was based on the standards, technical approvals, recommendations and strength data of manufacturers. A four-point bending strength test was performed after 28 d to determine the stiffness and bending load capacity of the beams. The class of concrete prepared on cubic cubes was also determined to confirm the design assumptions. The obtained measurements were used to assess the suitability of individual material combinations for practical applications.
A fatigue damage evaluation using local damage parameters for an offshore structure
Authors: Mourão António , Correia José A. F. O. , Ávila Bianca Vieira , de Oliveira Camila Cordeiro , Ferradosa Tiago , Carvalho Hermes , Castro José Miguel , De Jesus Abílio M. P.
Published: March 2020

The fatigue design of offshore structures normally uses wave and wind fatigue loading. Currently, fatigue analyses for fatigue damage accumulation assessments of this type of structure are based on signal–noise (S–N) curves for welded structural components, the hot-spot stress approach and the Palmgren–Miner law – according to design codes. Fatigue analyses in design codes and/or recommended practices are supported by global structural analysis. In this paper, a global–local fatigue methodology applied to an offshore jacket-type platform using a local approach through the notch strain damage parameter is proposed. The local approach is based on Neuber's rule combined with the Ramberg–Osgood description. Then, the Coffin–Manson strain–life relation together with the Palmgren–Miner linear damage rule are used to evaluate the fatigue damage accumulation for the critical tubular welded joint. For application of Neuber's rule, the stress concentration factor values are calculated, according to Efthymiou's analytical equations, for the connection under consideration. The proposed methodology is compared with the simplified fatigue analysis presented in the Det Norske Veritas (Norway) and Germanischer Lloyd (Germany) DNVGL-RP-C203 recommendations. These analyses were performed using wave loads from the scatter diagram collected in the North Sea, which were computed through the fifth-order Stokes wave theory and the Morrison formula.
Influence of the bonding of rebar dowel with adhesive on wood–concrete composite specimens
Authors: Molina Julio Cesar , Oliveira Carolina Aparecida Barros , Christoforo André Luís , Bôas Daniel Villas , Calil Junior Carlito
Published: March 2020

Ensuring the quality of the connector used in wood–concrete composite systems is a critical factor affecting the performance of the system. The main objective of this research was to study the strength and stiffness of wood–concrete composite specimens with two types of rebar dowel connectors: fixed to the wood (solid timber) using epoxy adhesive and by pre-drilling on smaller diameter holes in the wood (without the use of adhesive). In the composition of the test specimens, rebar dowels of 12·7 mm dia. were used. The strength and stiffness of the connectors were determined by double shear tests, performed on composite specimens. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results obtained and regression models were proposed for estimating the stiffness parameters of the connections. The connectors glued with epoxy adhesive provided better strength and stiffness for the composite specimens when compared to the connectors fixed to the wood by pre-drilling. The differences between the strength and stiffness of the connection systems analysed were statistically significant. The regression models proposed presented a good approximation for the estimation of the Kser and Ku slip moduli of the composite specimens analysed.
KAFKA, METAMORFOZ VE EMEĞİN YABANCILAŞMASI
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Serdar , ÇİPE BİLGE
Published: March 2020

Franz Kafka kendisinin de sürekli yaşadığı “yabancılaşma” duygusunu en iyi anlatan yazarlardan birisidir. Yazar hikâye ve romanlarında bu olguya oldukça geniş yer vermiştir. Yabancılaşma kavramı birçok disiplin tarafından tanımlanan geniş ve tartışmalı bir kavramdır. Özellikle son yıllarda sosyolojinin çalışma alanına giren kavram, Karl Marx tarafından iktisat sosyolojisi içerisinde incelenen bir konu olmuştur. Modern hayatta birey üretirken tükenen ve dört aşamalı yabancılaşma yaşayan bir varlık haline gelmektedir. Marx bu duruma “yabancılaşmış emek” tanımı yapmaktadır. Birey önce üretim yaparak kendini gerçekleştirirken ürettiği nesnenin elinden alınması ile ilk yabancılaşma aşamasını yaşar. Çünkü insan ürettiği nesneyi kontrol eden durumda iken son noktada kontrol edilen bir meta haline dönüşmüştür. Daha sonra bireyin kendi içinde ikilem yaşaması, yani kapitalist sistemin tüketim ve üretim dayatmalarına karşılık öz itibari ile bu durumu reddetmesi ikinci aşama yabancılaşma yaşatmaktadır. Bu aşamadan sonra birey diğer insanlara yabancılaşmaya başlar. Nihayetinde kendi türüne yabancılaşan birey toplum tarafından dışlanır ve sistem dışına itilir. Kafka’nın metamorfozdaki kahramanı Gregor Samsa’nın yaşadığı yabancılaşma bu dört aşamanın son safhasını derin bir şekilde anlatmaktadır. Kafka hikâyenin kahramanını fiziksel bir dönüşüm ile anlatırken bu aşamaya getiren durumları satır aralarına tek tek yerleştirmiştir. Metamorfoz Türkçe ’ye “Dönüşüm” “Değişim” olarak geçmiştir. Bu çalışma, adı geçen eserinsosyo-ekonomik anlamda tahlil edilmesi üzerine kaleme alınmıştır. Hikâye içerisinde geçen birçok vakada gerek Kafka’nın yazdığı dönemin toplumsal durumunu, gerekse Gregor Samsa özelinde aile yapılarını görmek mümkündür. Dolayısı ile yabancılaşma kavramının iktisadi anlamda karşılığı ve bu anlamın birey hayatında hangi noktalara temas ettiği çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır.
SELÇUKLU DAMADI EBÛ KÂLÎCÂR TACÜLMÜLÛK HEZÂRESB VE FAALİYETLERİ
Authors: TOKUŞ Ömer
Published: March 2020

Selçuklular Dandanakan Savaşı’ndan sonra batıya doğru ilerleyişlerini hızlandırarak on yıldan az bir sürede Anadolu kapılarına ve Bilâd-ı Şâm’a kadar ulaşmışlardır. Söz konusu fetih hareketleri esnasında hâkim oldukları şehirlerin yönetimini belirli yükümlülükleri yerine getirmeleri şartıyla eski yöneticilere bırakmışlardır. Bu şekilde hâkimiyet alanları içinde otoritelerini güçlendirmiş hem de mevcut yöneticilerin tecrübe ve kabiliyetlerinden istifade etmişlerdir. Basra Körfezi kıyısında İran ve Irak toprakları içinde bulunan Hûzistân, Vâsıt, Basra, Şîrâz ve Errâcân gibi şehirlerin idaresi de Hezâresb b. Bengîr adında mahalli bir idarecinin hâkimiyeti altında bulunuyordu. Tuğrul Bey, 447 (1055) yılında Bağdat’a geldikten sonra mezkûr şehirlerin idaresini eskiden olduğu gibi Hezâresb’e bırakmıştır. Selçukluların hâkim oldukları coğrafyadaki siyasî ve idarî yapılarını ve hâkimiyetlerini kolaylaştıran amilleri anlayabilmek için, Selçuklu ordusunda komutanlık yapan mahalli idarecilerin rolünü tespit etmek elzemdir. Bu çalışmada Selçukluların İran ve Irak coğrafyalarında gerçekleştirdikleri fetihlerde bulunan, fetihler esnasında gösterdiği kahramanlık ve sadakatten dolayı Tuğrul Bey ve Alp Arslan dönemlerinde taltif edilen Hezâresb b. Bengîr adlı Selçuklu komutanının faaliyetleri ve Selçuklular ile münasebetleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Selçuklu fetihlerinde yer alan mahalli emîrlerin faaliyetlerini tespit etmenin Selçuklu hâkimiyetinin fethedilen şehirlerdeki devamlılığı hakkında ipuçları verebileceği kanaatindeyiz.
KRİZ İLETİŞİMİNDE DUYGULAR VE KÜLTÜR: KARMA BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: KILINÇ Özgür , BAYÇU Sevil
Published: March 2020

Kriz türü ve kriz tepki stratejisi bir kurumun yöneldiği kriz iletişimi pratiklerini şekillendiren unsurlar arasındadır. Kurumların bir kriz durumunda ne söylediğini ve ne yaptığını belirten kriz iletişimi kültür ve duygu yapıları ile ilişkilidir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmanın amacı kriz türünün ve tepki stratejilerinin duygular ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisini incelemek ve kriz iletişimi alanını kültürün boyutlarından biri olan “belirsizlikten kaçınma” boyutu bağlamında değerlendirmektir. Belirtilen amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada ilk olarak 2x2 faktörlü gruplar arası faktöryel bir desen tasarlanmıştır. Odak grup görüşme tekniği ile toplanan nitel veriler ise tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Satın alma niyetinin, kriz türü açısından anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği fakat kriz tepki stratejisine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Çeşitli duyguların ise hem kriz türü hem de tepki stratejisi açısından anlamlı bir farklılık sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Nitel verilerin analizi sonucunda ise toplam beş tema ortaya çıkmıştır.
KILIK DEĞİŞTİRMENİN EN MAKBUL HÂLİ: ERKEKSİ KADIN VERSUS KADINSI ERKEK
Authors: OKTAY Gülçin
Published: March 2020

Kılık değiştirme, tarihî geçmişe sahip önemli bir kavramdır ve genellikle erkeklerin karşı cinsin kıyafetlerini giymesi ve davranışsal özelliklerini sergilemesi olarak tanımlanır. Oysaki tarihî örnekler üzerinden gidildiğinde kılık değiştirmenin sadece tek bir cins ile sınırlandırılamayacak bir eylem olduğu ve çeşitli nedenlerle tercih edildiği ortaya çıkar. Geç dönem Osmanlı metinlerinde de kılık değiştirme, olay örgüsünün önemli bir parçası olarak toplumsal yapının, cinsel kimliğin ve modernleşme süreçlerinin anlaşılmasında bir araçtır. Bu makale de öncelikle kadınların kılık değiştirmelerini T. Abdi’nin Sergüzeşt-i Kalyopi, Ahmet Mithat Efendi’nin Dürdâne Hanım, Namık Kemal’in Vatan Yahut Silistre ve Ömer Seyfettin’in Yalnız Efe adlı eserlerindeki kadın karakterler üzerinden ele alacak ve kadınların, daha da ötesinde anlatıcının bu eyleme yüklediği anlamı çözümlemeye çalışacaktır. Aynı zamanda kılık değiştirme ya da ona yakın değişimler, Samipaşazâde Sezai’nin Taaşşuk-ı Talat ve Fıtnat, Ahmet Mithat Efendi’nin Felâtun Bey ile Râkım Efendi, Recaizâde Mahmut Ekrem’in Araba Sevdası, Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar’ın Şık romanlarındaki erkek karakterler üzerinden de örneklendirilecektir. Bu sayede toplumsal cinsiyet kodlarının “nasıl” işlediği ve buna bağlı olarak modernleşmenin cinsiyet üzerinden “ne şekilde” algılandığı ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Son tahlilde kılık değiştirmenin ya da ona yakın değişimlerin toplum, anlatıcılar ve yazar tarafından değerlendirilme süreci “korku”, “ahlâk kaygısı” ve “değişim arzusu” çerçevesinde düşünülecektir.
AĞIR VASITA SÜRÜCÜLERİNİN GÜVENLİ SÜRÜŞLERİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER: BİR DERLEME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: TEKEŞ Burcu , ŞENER Özgür
Published: March 2020

Ağır vasıta sürücüleri, kullandıkları aracın özellikleri, zorlu çalışma koşulları ve bu koşullara bağlı çeşitli faktörler sebebiyle hem diğer araç sürücülerinden hem de diğer profesyonel sürücülerden ayrılmaktadırlar. Kullanılan aracın büyüklüğü ve ağırlığı, olası bir kaza anında hem can kaybı riskini arttırmakta hem de ilgili diğer olumsuz sonuçların şiddetini arttırabilmektedir. Bu sebeple ağır vasıta sürücüleri trafik güvenliği açısından özellikle ele alınması gereken bir gruptur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ağır vasıta sürücülerinin güvenli sürüşlerini etkileyen bu faktörleri derleyerek, genel bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Trafik güvenliği açısından bakıldığında, ağır vasıta sürücülerinin sürüşleri üzerinde etkisi olan birçok faktör olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada yapılan literatür taramasında bu faktörler, demografik etmenler, çalışma koşulları, sürücü yorgunluğu, alkol ve madde kullanımı, fiziksel şartlar ve ergonomi, fiziksel sağlık ve psikolojik faktörler olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de ağır vasıta sürücüleri ile ilgili yapılan çok az sayıda çalışma olduğu dikkati çekmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmanın, Türkiye’de ağır vasıta sürücülerinin mevcut durumları hakkında bilgi vermesi ve ileride yapılacak olan çalışmalara ışık tutması hedeflenmektedir.
ÖRGÜTSEL DESTEK, SOSYAL BAĞLILIK VE DÜNYAYA İLİŞKİN VARSAYIMLARIN TRAVMA SONRASI BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNDE ACININ DÖNÜŞTÜRÜCÜ GÜCÜNÜN ROLÜ: POZİTİF PSİKOLOJİ BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: BOLAT Tamer , BOLAT Oya İnci , TAŞTAN Seçil
Published: March 2020

Bu çalışmada, travma sonrası büyüme (TSB) kavramının örgütsel, bağlamsal ve psikososyal öncelleri ele alınmıştır. Yapılan literatür incelemesi sonucunda, örgütsel ve bağlamsal değişkenler olarak örgütsel destek ve sosyal bağlılık algısının, psikososyal değişkenler olarak da dünyaya ilişkin varsayımlar ve acının dönüştürücü gücünün TSB’yi anlamlı ve olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği varsayılmıştır. Kuramsal çerçevede önerilmiş olan hipotetik ilişkilerin test edilmesi için yapılan araştırma sonucunda, algılanan örgütsel desteğin, sosyal bağlılığın ve dünyaya ilişkin varsayımların TSB’nun anlamlı birer yordayıcısı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulguların, önceki kuramsal ve görgül çalışma sonuçları ile uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, acının dönüştürücü gücünün, bireylerin algıladıkları örgütsel destek ve dünyaya ilişkin varsayımlarının TSB düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisinde düzenleyici rolü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal bağlılık algısının TSB ile olan ilişkisinde ise acının dönüştürücü gücünün düzenleyici etkisi anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, önceki kuramsal ve görgül çalışmalar ışığında değerlendirilmiş ve çalışmanın kuramsal ve uygulamaya yönelik doğurguları tartışılmıştır.
Условно объективный цвет и оценка возможности хромостратиграфической корреляции верхних морен Ярославского Поволжья
Authors: Кiselev Dmitriy N. , Krapivina Anastasiya S.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Цвет морен является хорошим стратиграфическим маркером, поэтому его диагностика требует описания на основе количественного подхода. Тем не менее, в практике литостратиграфической корреляции морен используется только субъективный цвет, что увеличивает вероятность ошибочной датировки четвертичных слоев. Поэтому разработка и использование новой колориметрической методологии являются весьма востребованными в практике литостратиграфических исследований. Методика: С помощью относительного колориметрического анализа разработана методика определения объективного цвета морены и хромостратиграфической корреляции осадочных толщ. На примере верхних морен Ярославского Поволжья условно днепровского и московского возрастов, по 16 разрезам, показаны масштаб и границы изменчивости их цветовых параметров и корреляционный потенциал объективного цвета. Результаты и обсуждение: Наибольшее диагностическое значение для определения стратиграфического типа морены имеют яркость, насыщенность и характер связи цветовых параметров. Изучение проб из опорных разрезов с двумя моренными горизонтами (Долгополка и Рыкуша) показало одинаковый масштаб различий московской и днепровской морен по параметрам объективного цвета. Условно московская морена отличается от условно днепровской в Ярославском Поволжье большим сдвигом цветового тона в красную область и повышенной яркостью, в то время как насыщенность статистически не отличается, или незакономерно изменяется географически. Распределение цветов отложений из разрезов с одним моренным горизонтом является дискретным, при этом цветовое расстояние между двумя моренами по средним величинам совпадает с разницей цвета между двумя моренами в опорных разрезах. Заключение: Точность диагностики относительного возраста морен по объективному цвету и, соответственно, хромостратиграфической корреляции морен из разрезов с единственным сохранившимся моренным горизонтом, по имеющемуся материалу составляет около 90%. Это позволяет рассматривать метод определения объективного цвета перспективным для решения проблемы увязки моренных горизонтов в пределах локального региона.
Первые данные о синаккреционном умереннобарическом метаморфизме на западной окраине Сибирского кратона (Енисейский кряж)
Authors: Козлов Павел Сергеевич , Likhanov Igor I. , Khiller Vera V.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Тектоническая эволюция окраин Сибирского кратона имеет важное значение для глобальных палеогеографических реконструкций, особенно в отношении сложной геологической истории Центральной Азии. Енисейский кряж, представляющий собой древний покровно-складчатый ороген на западной границе Сибирского кратона, является частью Центрально-Азиатского орогенного пояса (ЦАCП) и ключевой структурой для понимания докембрийской тектонической эволюции Сибирского кратона и роста земной коры в ЦАCП. Аккреционно-коллизионные процессы в неопротерозойской истории этого региона генетически и пространственно связаны со становлением Палеоазиатского океана (ПАО). Проблемы связи террейнов Енисейского кряжа с развитием ПАО и их последующей аккреции к Сибирскому кратону во многом еще далеки от окончательного решения, что повышает интерес к особенностям развития аккреционно-субдукционных структур в зонах перехода палеоокеан–континент. В статье обсуждаются вопросы генетической связи тектоники и метаморфизма с аккреционно-коллизионными процессами на конвергентной границе плит на западной окраине Сибирского кратона. Методика: Выполнено петролого-геохимическое и геохронологическое изучение гранат-ставролит-кианитовых бластомилонитов гаревского метаморфического комплекса Енисейского кряжа. Результаты и обсуждение: На ранней стадии (630–610 млн лет) сформировались метакомплексы близкие по составу к парным метаморфическим поясам, характеризующиеся сопряженным проявлением глаукофансланцевого HP/LT метаморфизма (8–10 кбар/400–450oС) и зонального LP/HT метаморфизма низких давлений андалузит-силлиманитового типа (3.4–3.6 кбар/435–450oС). В ходе последующих (610–590 млн лет) аккреционно-коллизионных деформационных процессов они испытали динамометаморфизм при (6.3–6.6 кбар/570–600oС) с образованием более высокобарических тектонитов шовной зоны. Заключение: Установлено полициклическое развитие процессов формирования этих пород на конвергентной границе «палеоконтинент-палеоокеан» в интервале времени 630–590 млн лет.
Эпохи корообразования в кайнозое Воронежской антеклизы
Authors: Dmitriev Dmitriy A. , Zhabin Aleksandr V. , Sviridov Vladislav A.
Published: March 2020

Введение: Кайнозойские образования Воронежской антеклизы, мощностью до 100 м, доступны для исследования в обнажениях на склонах речных долин, балок, оврагов и керну неглубоких скважин. Они представлены песчано-глинистыми породами различного генезиса. Для палеогена характерны морские отложения, неогена – аллювиальные и озерные. Четвертичные образования, наиболее представительные по генетическим типам пород, сложены аллювиальными, речными террасовыми, ледниковыми отложениями и покровными суглинками. В истории кайнозоя Воронежской антеклизы выделяются три эпохи корообразования – палеоценовая, олигоцен-миоценовая и позднечетвертичная. С отложениями каждой из них связаны определѐнные полезные ископаемые. Наиболее ценное – кремнисто-цеолитное сырьѐ приурочено к последней из них. В статье обсуждаются вопросы связи климата, рельефа поверхности, типа пород с минеральным составом корвыветривания. Даѐтся генетическая интерпретация образования минералов в гипергенных процессах. Методика: Исследование минерального состава пород, составляющих как самих кор выветривания, так и вмещающих их отложений проводилось рентгеноструктурным и электронномикроскопическим методами анализа. Результаты и обсуждение: Палеоценовая эпоха представлена корой выветривания линейно-площадного типа, залегающей на закарстованной поверхности отложений верхнего мела. Еѐ формирование происходило в условиях тѐплого и влажного субтропического климата (не исключено, что и тропического, по наличию гиббсита в некоторых разрезах). Олигоцен-миоценовая – выявляется по «зрелым» коррелятным породам в верхах олигоцена и низах миоцена, представленных континентальной шапкинской толщей. Каолинитовый состав еѐ нижней части и монтмориллонитовой – верхней, представляют как бы перевернутый разрез коры выветривания. Еѐ формирование проходило в менее благоприятном для выветривания климате из-за меньших температур и влажности, что выразилось в сокращении мощности элювия. В позднечетвертичную эпоху на рассматриваемой территории формировался современный рельеф в условиях умеренного климата. На легко разлагающихся мел-мергельных породах образовалась своеобразная кремнистая КВ, широко развитая под четвертичными отложениями в западной и центральной частях антеклизы. При медленной инфильтрации кислыми поверхностными водами, карбонат кальция замещается кремнезѐмом. Одновременно с этим происходит разрушение кристаллических структур минералов, неустойчивых в кислой среде. Заключение: По стратиграфическим несогласиям и минеральным ассоциациям, подтверждены, выделенные ранее три эпохи корообразования. С рассмотренными КВ связан ряд полезных ископаемых. К ним относятся микроэлементы пород хоперского горизонта, керамические глины и мономинеральные кварцевые пески олигоцен-миоценового возраста. Но наиболее ценным является цеолит-кремнистое сырьѐ, которое используется во многих отраслях народного хозяйства.
К 90-летию профессора Аллы Яковлевны Смирновой
Authors: Bocharov Viktor L. , Babkina Ol'ga A. , Strogonova Lyudmila N.
Published: March 2020

хроника
A Model of Pedometer Determined Physical Activity in Primary School Children
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Bodnarchuk Olena
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to create a model of interaction between steps/day counts regarding genders, seasons of a year, and days of week.
Material and Methods. Totally 74 of 4-th grade pupils (38 boys and 36 girls) from three primary schools in the industrial city were involved into the pedometer investigation. All the students were good healthy, and they participated in the schools’ lessons of physical education according to the common program. Pedometer determined physical activity was measured during a day using fitness tracker band. The measurements were done during one academic year using three full weeks (a week in autumn, winter, and spring). ANOVA was used to determine differences between samples grouped according days of weeks.
Results. A strong significant difference between counts of steps during days of week for boys (p = 0.006) and smaller for girls (p = 0.052) were discovered with corresponding parts in the total variation (62.5 and 46.0 %). The same significant differences were discovered between mean counts in seasons (p = 0.053, 0.037) with corresponding parts in the total variation (14.5, 22.8 %). Rather significant variations of interaction between days of week and mean season results took place for boys (23.0%) as well for girls (31.1 %).
Conclusions. During evaluation of physical activity in children based on steps/day counts, interaction between gender, season, and day of week should be taken into consideration.
Potential of New Technologies in Providing Efficiency of Pedagogical Control in Physical Education
Authors: Koryahin Victor , Blavt Oksana , Vanivska Oleksandra , Stadnyk Volodymyr
Published: March 2020

The study objective is to substantiate and implement modern electronic automated monitoring systems to improve the testing of speed-strength abilities in the process of physical education.
Materials and methods. To solve the research tasks used the methods of comparing and contrasting are used and analysis, synthesis, abstraction, formalization and technical modeling.
Results. The developed capacitive sensor device for control of speed-power abilities is presented. The device is built on a combination of modern nanotechnology and microprocessor systems. As part of the device, the array of active electrodes with digital output registers an input signal from a marker placed on the monitoring object and whose position changes during the exercise. Then the digital signal through the interface and the communication line, goes to the signal converter, where it is processed and wireless transmission devices signal goes to the personal computer, where the result of the exercise is displayed.
Conclusions. Use in pedagogical control of the physical education process of the developed device provides reliable objective test data with little loss of time to ensure the quality of control.