bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First Identification and Genomic Characterization of NADC34-Like PRRSV Strains Isolated from MLV-Vaccinated Pigs in Korea
Authors: Kim Seung-Chai , Kim Hwan-Ju , Moon Sung-Hyun , Cho Ho-Seong , Kim Won-Il
Published: April 2023

NADC34-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) are emerging globally. Although lineage 1 PRRSVs are emerging in Korea, NADC34-like PRRSV strains have not been detected to date. This study reports the isolation of the first NADC34-like PRRSV strains from samples of MLV-vaccinated animals on a Korean farm with a severe PRRS outbreak causing high mortality and abortion rates in July 2022. Three PRRSV strains with a whole genome length of 15,088 bp were isolated from the outbreaks, and their phylogenetic, recombination properties, and in vitro growth kinetics were evaluated comprehensively. These Korean strains clustered with those of American and Chinese sublineage 1.5 (NADC34-like strains), according to phylogenetic analyses based on the ORF5 gene and the whole genome. All three complete genome sequences originated from recombination between the RespPRRS MLV and NADC34-like strains, according to recombination analysis. Full-length Nsp2 sequence alignment indicated that all three isolates had a continuous deletion in 100 aa, which was similar to that of the IA/2014/NADC34. Based on phylogenetic analysis and the Nsp2 deletion pattern, the isolates are identified as NADC34-like PRRSV. Growth kinetic analysis based on primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and MARC-145 cells has revealed that Korean NADC34-like PRRSV strains had better replication ability in primary PAMs than other Korean lineage 1 viruses or the reference strain VR2332, implying higher pathogenicity in pigs. Considering the fact that NADC34-like PRRSV strains were detected in MLV-vaccinated animals on a farm in the area of the highest pig population density in Korea, additional vaccine failure cases and the spread of the virus could be detected in the near future. Collectively, these results aid in comprehending the current epidemic state of PRRSVs in Korea and highlight the need for continuous surveillance.
Supplementary Fig. S8 from Single-Cell Spatial Analysis Identifies Regulators of Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells
Authors: Mirzaei Reza , D'Mello Charlotte , Liu Marina , Nikolic Ana , Kumar Mehul , Visser Frank , Bose Pinaki , Gallo Marco , Yong V. Wee
Published: April 2023

Additional analysis of in vitro proliferative effects of biglycan.
Supplementary Fig. S6 from Single-Cell Spatial Analysis Identifies Regulators of Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells
Authors: Mirzaei Reza , D'Mello Charlotte , Liu Marina , Nikolic Ana , Kumar Mehul , Visser Frank , Bose Pinaki , Gallo Marco , Yong V. Wee
Published: April 2023

Additional analysis of human GBM specimens for biglycan and BTICs.
Investigation of PARP Inhibitor Resistance Based on Serially Collected Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With BRCA-Mutated Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Kim Yoo-Na , Shim Yeeun , Seo Jieun , Choi Zisun , Lee Yong Jae , Shin Saeam , Kim Sang Wun , Kim Sunghoon , Choi Jong Rak , Lee Jung-Yun , Lee Seung-Tae
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Patient-specific molecular alterations leading to PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance are relatively unexplored. In this study, we analyzed serially collected circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patients with BRCA1/2 mutations who received PARPis to investigate the resistance mechanisms and their significance in postprogression treatment response and survival.

Experimental Design:

Patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2018 and December 2021 (NCT05458973). Whole-blood samples were obtained before PARPi administration and serially every 3 months until progression. ctDNA was extracted from the samples and sequenced with a 531-gene panel; gene sets for each resistance mechanism were curated.

Results:

Fifty-four patients were included in this analysis. Mutation profiles of genes in pre-PARPi samples indicating a high tumor mutational burden and alterations in genes associated with replication fork stabilization and drug efflux were associated with poor progression-free survival on PARPis. BRCA hypomorphism and reversion were found in 1 and 3 patients, respectively. Among 29 patients with matched samples, mutational heterogeneity increased postprogression on PARPis, showing at least one postspecific mutation in 89.7% of the patients. These mutations indicate non-exclusive acquired resistance mechanisms—homologous recombination repair restoration (28%), replication fork stability (34%), upregulated survival pathway (41%), target loss (10%), and drug efflux (3%). We observed poor progression-free survival with subsequent chemotherapy in patients with homologous recombination repair restoration (P = 0.003) and those with the simultaneous involvement of two or more resistance mechanisms (P = 0.040).

Conclusions:

Analysis of serial ctDNAs highlighted multiple acquired resistance mechanisms, providing valuable insights for improving postprogression treatment and survival.
Supplementary Table 2 from Li–Fraumeni Syndrome–Associated Dimer-Forming Mutant p53 Promotes Transactivation-Independent Mitochondrial Cell Death
Authors: Choe Joshua H. , Kawase Tatsuya , Xu An , Guzman Asja , Obradovic Aleksandar Z. , Low-Calle Ana Maria , Alaghebandan Bita , Raghavan Ananya , Long Kaitlin , Hwang Paul M. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Zhu Yan , Zhao Ruiying , Lee Dung-Fang , Katz Chen , Prives Carol
Published: April 2023

Characteristics of LFS patients' fibroblasts and derivatives
Supplementary Data 2 from Li–Fraumeni Syndrome–Associated Dimer-Forming Mutant p53 Promotes Transactivation-Independent Mitochondrial Cell Death
Authors: Choe Joshua H. , Kawase Tatsuya , Xu An , Guzman Asja , Obradovic Aleksandar Z. , Low-Calle Ana Maria , Alaghebandan Bita , Raghavan Ananya , Long Kaitlin , Hwang Paul M. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Zhu Yan , Zhao Ruiying , Lee Dung-Fang , Katz Chen , Prives Carol
Published: April 2023

Differentially expressed genes in U2OS cells varying in p53 allelic status combined from two independent RNA library preparations
Data from A View on Drug Development for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Reynolds Andrew R. , Moschetta Michele , Yohannes Alula R. , Walcott Farzana , Ashford Marianne , Szucs Zoltan , Sarbajna Tina , Hadfield James , Harrison Eden , Challis Benjamin G. , Hernandez Amaya Gasco , Schiavon Gaia , Germa Caroline , Zorenyi Gyorgy , Crean Barry , Galbraith Susan
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Despite some notable successes, there are still relatively few agents approved for cancer prevention. Here we review progress thus far in the development of medicines for cancer prevention, and we outline some key concepts that could further enable or accelerate drug development for cancer prevention in the future. These are summarized under six key themes: (i) unmet clinical need, (ii) patient identification, (iii) risk stratification, (iv) pharmacological intervention, (v) clinical trials, and (vi) health care policy. These concepts, if successfully realized, may help to increase the number of medicines available for cancer prevention.
Significance:
The huge potential public health benefits of preventing cancer, combined with recent advances in the availability of novel early detection technologies and new treatment modalities, has caused us to revisit the opportunities and challenges associated with developing medicines to prevent cancer. Here we review progress in the field of developing medicines to prevent cancer to date, and we present a series of ideas that might help in the development of more medicines to prevent cancer in the future.
Data from Li–Fraumeni Syndrome–Associated Dimer-Forming Mutant p53 Promotes Transactivation-Independent Mitochondrial Cell Death
Authors: Choe Joshua H. , Kawase Tatsuya , Xu An , Guzman Asja , Obradovic Aleksandar Z. , Low-Calle Ana Maria , Alaghebandan Bita , Raghavan Ananya , Long Kaitlin , Hwang Paul M. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Zhu Yan , Zhao Ruiying , Lee Dung-Fang , Katz Chen , Prives Carol
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cancer-relevant mutations in the oligomerization domain (OD) of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, unlike those in the DNA binding domain, have not been well elucidated. Here, we characterized the germline OD mutant p53(A347D), which occurs in cancer-prone Li–Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) patients. Unlike wild-type p53, mutant p53(A347D) cannot form tetramers and exists as a hyperstable dimeric protein. Further, p53(A347D) cannot bind or transactivate the majority of canonical p53 target genes. Isogenic cell lines harboring either p53(A347D) or no p53 yield comparable tumorigenic properties, yet p53(A347D) displays remarkable neomorphic activities. Cells bearing p53(A347D) possess a distinct transcriptional profile and undergo metabolic reprogramming. Further, p53(A347D) induces striking mitochondrial network aberration and associates with mitochondria to drive apoptotic cell death upon topoisomerase II inhibition in the absence of transcription. Thus, dimer-forming p53 demonstrates both loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) properties compared with the wild-type form of the protein.
Significance:
A mutant p53 (A347D), which can only form dimers, is associated with increased cancer susceptibility in LFS individuals. We found that this mutant wields a double-edged sword, driving tumorigenesis through LOF while gaining enhanced apoptogenic activity as a new GOF, thereby yielding a potential vulnerability to select therapeutic approaches.

See related commentary by Stieg et al., p. 1046.

See related article by Gencel-Augusto et al., p. 1230.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027
Global Shift in Alternative Splicing and Therapeutic Susceptibilities in Leukemia Driven by METTL3 Overexpression
Authors: Janin Maxime , Esteller Manel
Published: April 2023

Mutations in splicing factors are commonly observed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); however, other mechanisms can also contribute to the dysregulation of alternative splicing. One example is the overexpression of the m6A RNA methyltransferase METTL3, that by depositing the epitranscriptomic mark in spliceosome transcripts leads to aberrant splicing, but at the same time creates vulnerability to METTL3 inhibitors.

See related article by Wu et al., p. 228 (8) .
iPSC Models of Leukemia Come of Age
Authors: Doulatov Sergei
Published: April 2023

In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Kotini and colleagues present a strategy for large-scale reprogramming of primary human acute myeloid leukemias (AML) to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). They show that the hematopoietic differentiation of AML iPSCs gives rise to transplantable leukemias with remarkable molecular similarity to the original patients’ AML, providing new models and insights into the disease.

See related article by Kotini et al., p. 318 (7) .
Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Stem Cell Research in Alzheimer’s Disease from 2004 to 2022
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhu Yi , Qin Lan-Fang , Xu Zhi-Guo , Gao Xi-Ren , Liu Chong-Bin , Xu Guo-Tong , Chen Yi-Zhu
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Stem cell-based regenerative medicine has provided an excellent opportunity to investigate therapeutic strategies and innovative treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is an absence of visual overviews to assess the published literature systematically. Methods: In this review, the bibliometric approach was used to estimate the searched data on stem cell research in AD from 2004 to 2022, and we also utilized CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to evaluate the contributions and co-occurrence relationships of different countries/regions, institutes, journals, and authors as well as to discover research hot spots and encouraging future trends in this field. Results: From 2004 to 2022, a total of 3,428 publications were retrieved. The number of publications and citations on stem cell research in AD has increased dramatically in the last nearly 20 years, especially since 2016. North America and Asia were the top 2 highest output regions. The leading country in terms of publications and access to collaborative networks was the USA. Centrality analysis revealed that the UCL (0.05) was at the core of the network. The Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (n = 102, 2.98%) was the most productive academic journal. The analyses of keyword burst detection indicated that exosomes, risk factors, and drug delivery only had burst recently. Citations and co-citation achievements clarified that cluster #0 induced pluripotent stem cells, #2 mesenchymal stem cells, #3 microglia, and #6 adult hippocampal neurogenesis persisted to recent time. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive guide for clinicians and scholars working in this field. These analysis and results hope to provide useful information and references for future understanding of the challenges behind translating underlying stem cell biology into novel clinical therapeutic potential in AD.
Infliximab-induzierte unspezifische interstitielle Pneumonitis bei einem Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa
Authors: Nasir Syed Alishan , Patel Ronak , Wojkiewicz Steven , Scatena Robyn
Published: April 2023

Infliximab gehört zur Familie der Tumornekrosefaktor (TNF)-alpha-Inhibitoren und hat seit seiner Entwicklung die Behandlung von rheumatischen Erkrankungen und chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) revolutioniert. Insbesondere bei CED hat sich gezeigt, dass es zu einer symptomatischen, endoskopischen und histologischen Remission führt. Die Behandlung mit Infliximab ist daher eine der am häufigsten eingesetzten Therapien bei mittelschweren bis schweren CED. Häufige Nebenwirkungen sind Infektionen durch Immunsuppression, Zytopenien und Hepatotoxizität, aber auch interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen (ILD) wurden in seltenen Fällen als Folge der Einnahme von Inflixiamb berichtet. Wir stellen den Fall eines Patienten mit Colitis ulcerosa (CU) vor, der mit Infliximab eine Remission erreichte, aber nach etwa 2 Jahren mit Infusionen Anzeichen einer unspezifischen interstitiellen Pneumonitis (UIP) entwickelte. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen wurden durchgeführt, um Infektionen, gemischte Bindegewebserkrankungen und Hypersensitivitätspneumonitis auszuschließen. Obwohl die Lungenbiopsie nach wie vor der Goldstandard für die Diagnose von UIP ist, reichten die klinischen, laborchemischen und radiologischen Befunde aus, um die Diagnose zu stellen. Der Beginn einer empirischen Therapie mit hochdosierten Steroiden und das Absetzen der Infliximab-Infusionen zeigten eine Verbesserung des respiratorischen Status und eine Rückbildung der pulmonalen Befunde. Dieser Fall unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, die unerwünschten Wirkungen von Infliximab auf den Lungenstatus von CED-Patienten zu erkennen, da die Infliximab-vermittelte ILD keinem bestimmten Zeitplan folgt. Da die Atemfunktion nach einer beliebigen Anzahl von Infusionen beeinträchtigt sein kann, ist es wichtig, die Atembeschwerden der Patienten zu erkennen und unverzüglich eine Untersuchung und Bewertung dieser seltenen Komplikation einzuleiten.
Caregiver Involvement and Concerns with Care of Residents of Assisted Living before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hoben Matthias , Li Wenshan , Dampf Hana , Hogan David B. , Corbett Kyle , Chamberlain Stephanie A. , McGrail Kim , Griffith Lauren E. , Gruneir Andrea , Lane Natasha E. , Baumbusch Jennifer , Maxwell Colleen
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Family/friend caregivers play an essential role in promoting the physical and mental health of older adults in need of care – especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and especially in assisted living (AL) homes, where resident care needs are similarly complex as in long-term care homes but fewer staffing resources and services are available. However, little research is available on caregiver involvement and concerns with care of AL residents prior to and during waves 1 and 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study addressed this important knowledge gap. Methods: This prospective cohort study used baseline and follow-up online surveys with primary caregivers to AL residents in Western Canada who were 65 years or older and had lived in the AL home for at least 3 months before Mar 1, 2020. Surveys assessed the following outcomes in the 3 months prior to and during waves 1 and 2 of the pandemic: sociodemographics, 5 ways of visiting or communicating with residents, involvement in 16 care tasks, concerns with 9 resident physical/mental health conditions, perceived lack of resident access to 7 care services, and whether caregivers felt well informed and involved with resident care. Results: Based on 386 caregiver responses, in-person visits dropped significantly in wave 1 of the pandemic and so did caregiver involvement in nearly all care tasks. While these rates increased in wave 2, most did not return to pre-pandemic levels. Correspondingly, caregiver concerns (already high before the pandemic) substantially increased in wave 1 and stayed high in wave 2. These were particularly elevated among caregivers who did not feel well informed/involved with resident care. Conclusions: Restricted in-person visiting disrupted resident care and was associated with worse perceptions of resident health and well-being. Continued caregiver involvement in resident care and communication with caregivers even during lockdowns is key to mitigating these issues.
Clinical Validation of the Comprehensive Complication Index in a Pancreaticoduodenectomy Cohort
Authors: Cai Zhenghua , Yang Yifei , Han Yuqing , Fu Xu , Mao Liang , Qiu Yudong
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Although the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) is the most widely utilized method for quantifying surgical complications, it fails to properly capture all events. To address this, the comprehensive complication index (CCI) was introduced. The purpose of this study was to compare the CCI and CDC as predictors of postoperative length of stay (PLOS) and total hospitalization costs in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods: Data were collected from February 2018 to February 2021. Complications were graded on the CDC scale and the CCI was calculated for each patient. The correlations between CDC and CCI with PLOS and hospitalization costs were compared. Linear analyses were performed to identify factors associated with PLOS and costs. Results: 291 patients were enrolled with an average age of 61.2 years. 286 of them developed postoperative complications at CDC grade 1 (17.8%), 2 (59.9%), 3a (13.4%), 3b (4.5%), 4 (2.1%), and 5 (0.6%). Median CCI of the study cohort was 30.8. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed the CDC and CCI were significantly correlated with PLOS and hospitalization costs, but the CCI showed a stronger correlation with PLOS (+0.552 day of stay for each additional CCI point; CCI: ρ = 0.663 vs. CDC: ρ = 0.581; p = 0.036). There were no significant differences in the correlations between total hospitalization costs and the CDC or CCI (CCI: ρ = 0.566 vs. CDC: ρ = 0.565; p = 0.78). Conclusion: CCI is an accurate tool for quantifying morbidities after PD and shows a stronger correlation with PLOS compared with the CDC.
SOURCES OF RESISTANCE AND TRICHOME ANALYSIS OF PHILIPPINE INDIGENOUS Hoya SPECIES AGAINST THE MILKWEED APHID, Aphis nerii Boyer De Fonscolombe (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Cortaga Cris
Published: April 2023

The Philippines is one of the centers of diversity of Hoya and an extensive collection of indigenous species are conserved at the Institute of Plant Breeding, University of the Philippines Los Baños. In maintaining these Hoya species inside the screenhouse, the major insect pest noted to attack the plants is the milkweed aphid, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe. Thus, Hoyas were evaluated for resistance against this insect pest. Among the 45 Hoya species evaluated, 11 showed promising results wherein no aphid infestation was consistently observed during the three evaluation trials. These are H. aurigueana, H. carnosa, H. coriacea, H. diversifolia, H. greenii, H. imperialis, H. madulidii, H. obscura, H. odorata, H. paziae, and H. pubicalyx. As the first line of plants defense against herbivory, we sampled four resistant (H. madulidii, H. pubicalyx, H. carnosa, and H. obscura) and two susceptible (H. buotii and H. meliflua) species for analysis of their trichome traits. The mean trichome length was longest in H. carnosa (0.38mm), followed by H. madulidii (0.33mm), and lastly, H.  pubicalyx and H. obscura (0.15mm). Mean trichome density (at 1.64mm2 microscopic field) was highest in H. madulidii (54.45), followed by H. pubicalyx (7.5), and lastly, H. carnosa (3.55) and H. obscura (3.45). In contrast, no trichome was observed in the susceptible species H. buotii and H. meliflua. Hence, trichomes are one of the important resistance traits of Hoya against the milkweed aphid. To our knowledge, this is the first report on resistance evaluation in Hoya and the role of its trichomes against the milkweed aphid. The results of this study can aide in the management of milkweed aphids and in developing improved Hoya cultivars with resistance to insects such as milkweed aphids.
Biochemical analysis of oxidative stress and purinergic system in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hardt Bruna Laís , Oliveira Bianca Devens , Ribeiro Maiara Vanusa Guedes , Bizuti Matheus Ribeiro , Mânica Aline , Pitilin Érica de Brito , Bagatini Margarete Dulce , Resende e Silva Débora Tavares
Published: April 2023

Background: Pregnancy is characterized as a physiological period with greater sensitivity to insulin resistance and changes in oxidative stress. Purinergic signaling is directly related to diabetes, as this condition modifies the concentration of extracellular ATP and the level of degradation of ATP to adenosine. Objective: Analyze oxidative stress and the purinergic system in pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and compare them with low-risk pregnant women (LR). Materials and methods: The research was of a quantitative approach of an experimental nature. The study was carried out at the Clínica da Mulher, which serves high-risk pregnant women, and at the Family Health Centers, which serves low-risk pregnant women, both located in Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results: From the analysis, it was observed that oxidative stress was increased in pregnant women in LR compared to pregnant women with GDM by increasing the concentration of TBARS and reducing the concentration of Carbonyl Protein in pregnant women with LR. Regarding the purinergic system, there was a significant decrease in the hydrolysis of the nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP in pregnant women with GDM, and a significant increase in the hydrolysis of ADA, also in pregnant women with GDM. Conclusion: Therefore, pregnant women with GDM have less oxidative stress compared to pregnant women in LR concerning TBARS and Carbonyl Protein markers, thus allowing a greater antioxidant defense mechanism. Furthermore, concerning the purinergic system, there is an increase in the activity of ADA, which is directly related to the immunosuppression process, a necessary condition for the protection of the fetus during the gestational period.
Análise da situação vacinal contra Papilomavírus humano entre estudantes de medicina de uma universidade pública federal
Authors: Drumond Denise Gasparetti , Toledo Laura Melo Werneck de , Martins Marcella Barroso Marques , Dias Zínia Maria Mendes
Published: April 2023

OBJETIVO: Analisar a situação vacinal contra o papilomavírus humano entre estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, que visa identificar e analisar as características e variáveis que se relacionam com a situação vacinal contra o papilomavírus humano de discentes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários online padronizados. RESULTADOS: Entre os participantes, 176 (49,2%) alegaram serem vacinados contra o vírus e receberam, no mínimo, uma dose da vacina. Dentre os pesquisados, 74 (20,7%) estudantes declararam terem tomado 3 doses, enquanto 89 (24,9%) tomaram 2 e 13 (3,6%) tomaram apenas 1 dose. Com relação aos vacinados na faixa etária abrangida pela rede pública, 62 (17,3%) são do sexo feminino (9-14 anos) e 12 (3,4%) são do sexo masculino (11-14 anos). Sobre os discentes que já apresentaram alguma lesão pelo vírus, 66,66% não foram vacinados. CONCLUSÃO: Com o presente estudo, foi possível evidenciar que, assim como ocorre com a população brasileira em geral, a situação vacinal contra o papilomavírus humano entre estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora está aquém do esperado. O principal motivo relatado para a não vacinação foi não fazer parte da faixa etária incluída na vacinação da rede pública. Constatou-se também que a prevalência de lesão por Papilomavírus Humano em vacinados foi menor que nos não vacinados, enfatizando a necessidade da vacina para prevenção de lesões causadas pelo vírus.
Comportamento alimentar de adultos no início da pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Gulá Paula Victoria Sozza Silva , Possani Tatiane , Almeida Sebastião de Sousa , Braga Costa Telma Maria , Laus Maria Fernanda
Published: April 2023

Introdução: Dificuldades de acesso aos alimentos e o distanciamento social desencadearam mais ansiedade, estresse e consumo de alimentos de baixo custo e ultraprocessados. Objetivo: Investigar as mudanças no comportamento alimentar e a relação deste com os aspectos socioeconômicos. Método: Estudo realizado virtualmente entre maio e junho de 2020 com 949 adultos, com questionários de dados socioeconômicos, mudanças no comportamento alimentar, frequência do consumo alimentar e o TFEQ-21. A análise foi realizada de forma descritiva e o TFEQ-21 de acordo com os escores de cada fator. A relação entre as variáveis foi analisada pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados: 63% consideraram cozinhar mais alimentos, 41% e 38% referiram maior possibilidade comer com companhia e com tranquilidade, respectivamente. Além disso, 38,6% reduziram compra de fast-food, mas 43,2% aumentaram o consumo alimentar e 41,8% o consumo de doces. Em mulheres, quanto maior o IMC, maior alimentação emocional e restrição cognitiva (p<0,001). Nestas, o comer emocional era maior se não possuíam filhos nem ensino superior (p<0,001), e a restrição era maior com a atividade física, não possuir relacionamento estável, ter filhos (p<0,001), emprego e ensino superior (p<0,05). Nos homens, o comer emocional se relacionou ao maior IMC (p<0,05) e ambas variáveis estavam relacionados à atividade física (p<0,001). Conclusão: Mudanças como cozinhar mais, reduzir fast-food, comer com tranquilidade e com companhia foram observadas comparados a antes da pandemia. Nota-se que nas mulheres há maior relação da restrição e do comer emocional com diversos aspectos do contexto social e econômico.
Association of Home Monitoring and Unanticipated Interstage Readmissions in Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Shustak Rachel J. , Faerber Jennifer A. , Stagg Alyson , Hehir David A. , Natarajan Shobha S. , Preminger Tamar J. , Szwast Anita , Rome Jonathan J. , Giglia Therese M. , Ravishankar Chitra , Mercer‐Rosa Laura , Gardner Monique M.
Published: April 2023

Background

The impact of home monitoring on unanticipated interstage readmissions in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome has not been previously studied. We sought to examine the association of our institution's Infant Single Ventricle Management and Monitoring Program (ISVMP) with readmission frequency, cumulative readmission days, and readmission illness severity and to identify patient‐level risk factors for readmission.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective single‐center cohort study comparing infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome enrolled in ISVMP (December 2010–December 2019) to historical controls (January 2007–November 2010). The primary outcome was number of readmissions per interstage days. Secondary outcomes were cumulative interstage readmission days and occurrence of severe readmissions. Inverse probability weighted and multivariable generalized linear models were used to examine the association between ISVMP and the outcomes. We compared 198 infants in the ISVMP to 128 historical controls. Infants in the ISVMP had more than double the risk of interstage readmission compared with controls (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.50–3.78];
P
=0.0003). There was no difference in cumulative interstage readmission days (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.69–1.50];
P
=0.90); however, infants in the ISVMP were less likely to have severe readmissions (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.11–0.68];
P
=0.005). Other factors independently associated with number of readmissions included residing closer to our center, younger gestational age, genetic syndrome, and discharge on exclusive enteral feeds.

Conclusions

Infants in the ISVMP had more frequent readmissions but comparable readmission days and fewer severe unanticipated readmissions. These findings suggest that home monitoring can reduce interstage morbidity without increasing readmission days.
Shallow Suberitida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Peru
Authors: CÓNDOR-LUJÁN BÁSLAVI , ARTEAGA ALVARO , POLO CHRISTIAN , ARROYO YESSENIA , WILLENZ PHILIPPE , HAJDU EDUARDO
Published: April 2023

This study describes 81 specimens belonging to Suberitida, collected during the projects Esponjas del Perú (ESPER), Esponjas da América do Sul (EsponjAS) and Semilla UCSUR 2019 (Demospongiae) along the coast of Peru, down to 30 m depth. Using morphological analyses, eight species were identified, one of which is new to science: Halichondria (H.) cristata, H. (H.) prostrata, Hymeniacidon perlevis, Johannesia reticulosa, Plicatellopsis expansa, Suberites aff. latus, Terpios cf. granulosus and Suberites inti sp. nov. Halichondria (H.) cristata, originally from Tierra del Fuego (SW Atlantic), was found widely distributed along the coast of Peru (06° S–14° S). The Magellanican H. (H.) prostrata and the formerly Chilean endemic P. expansa are extended up to Central Peru (12° S). Hymeniacidon perlevis, which presents a highly variable morphology (colour, shape, and spicule size), is firstly reported from the SE Pacific and its continuous occurrence in Peru (04° S–17° S) should be monitored given its supposed invasive potential. Johannesia reticulosa, previously known from Chile (20° S) and southern Peru (13° S), was found further north (11° S). Suberites latus and T. granulosus were originally recorded far-off from the Peruvian coast, in British Columbia and Hawaii, respectively. Thus, the occurrences of Suberites aff. latus and Terpios cf. granulosus are unexpected and should receive special attention in future molecular studies assessing their taxonomical status. Suberites inti sp. nov. characterised by its skeleton with ectosomal bouquets and multispicular choanosomal tracts, and two categories of straight tylostyles, is provisionally endemic to Paracas (13° S). With these results, the number of shallow Suberitida from Peru increases from 2 to 9. However, this number might rise as sampling in deeper environments could bring descriptions of new records.
Career Building Among Formerly Incarcerated College Graduates
Authors: Fox Roberta , Rodriguez Jesse , Joseph Rigaud , Anderson Annika
Published: April 2023

The California State University (CSU) Project Rebound is a re-entry program that provides educational, social, financial, and case management to formerly incarcerated college students with the goal of helping them become successful post-incarceration and post-graduation. This exploratory study examines successful career-building strategies reported by formerly incarcerated college graduates (FICG) who participated in a CSU-sponsored re-entry program. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 alumni of a specific Project Rebound program ( N = 13). Results from thematic analysis revealed five major themes depicting the post-graduation employment trajectory of FICG, the challenges that are unique to FICG, and strategies for improving career success among this population. Implications of the findings for theory, research, practice, and policy are discussed.
Prevalence and patterns of mobile device usage among physicians in clinical practice: A systematic review
Authors: Kraushaar Judith , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine
Published: April 2023

Mobile devices and corresponding applications (apps) offer a unique potential for clinical work improvement. Healthcare employees already use them for a variety of clinical purposes. Even though their use might affect patients’ health and data security, they have rarely found their way into organizational knowledge management strategies. We present the current state of research regarding the prevalence, patterns, and trends of smartphone and tablet usage among physicians in clinical practice. Five electronic databases were searched for quantitative studies. The extracted data were systematically analyzed and visualized in boxplots. The results show an increasing prevalence of smartphones and medical apps in clinical practice, especially among junior physicians. Current applications can be subdivided into four categories: Communication and Organization, Documentation and Monitoring, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Decision Support, and Education. Among them, there is a large number of applications with a direct impact on physicians’ clinical actions and therefore on patients’ health and data security. In consequence, healthcare organizations should systematically integrate mobile devices and apps into their knowledge management strategies, including a modern IT infrastructure and training courses. Further studies are necessary to identify organizational and external factors that support an efficient mobile device usage during clinical practice.
The contribution of theta and delta to feedback processing in children with developmental language disorder
Authors: Gul Asiya , Baron Lauren S. , Arbel Yael
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The study aimed at evaluating feedback processing at the electrophysiological level and its relation to learning in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) to further advance our understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms of feedback-based learning in children with this disorder.

Method

A feedback-based probabilistic learning task required children to classify novel cartoon animals into two categories that differ on five binary features, the probabilistic combination of which determined classification. The learning outcomes’ variance in relation to time- and time–frequency measures of feedback processing were examined and compared between 20 children with developmental language disorder and 25 age-matched children with typical language development.

Results

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) performed poorer on the task when compared with their age-matched peers with typical language development (TD). The electrophysiological data in the time domain indicated no differences in the processing of positive and negative feedback among children with DLD. However, the time–frequency analysis revealed a strong theta activity in response to negative feedback in this group, suggesting an initial distinction between positive and negative feedback that was not captured by the ERP data. In the TD group,deltaactivity played a major role in shaping the FRN and P3a and was found to predict test performance.Deltadid not contribute to the FRN and P3a in the DLD group. Additionally, theta anddeltaactivities were not associated with the learning outcomes of children with DLD.

Conclusion

Thetaactivity, which is associated with the initial processing of feedback at the level of the anterior cingulate cortex, was detected in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) but was not associated with their learning outcomes.Deltaactivity, which is assumed to be generated by the striatum and to be linked to elaborate processing of outcomes and adjustment of future actions, contributed to processing and learning outcomes of children with typical language development but not of children with DLD. The results provide evidence for atypical striatum-based feedback processing in children with DLD.
In-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a retrospective study under the China chest pain center (standard center) treatment system
Authors: Huang Luyao , Zhang Jing , Huang Qing , Cui Ruiqing , Chen Jian
Published: April 2023

Background

Patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are at high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) despite timely treatment. This study aimed to investigate the independent predictors and their predictive value of in-hospital MACE after primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI under the China chest pain center (standard center) treatment system.

Methods

We performed a single-center, retrospective study of 151 patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI. All patients were treated under the China chest pain center (standard center) treatment system. The data collected included general data, vital signs, auxiliary examination results, data related to interventional therapy, and various treatment delays. The primary endpoint was the in-hospital MACE defined as the composite of all-cause death, stroke, nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction, new-onset heart failure, and malignant arrhythmias.

Results

In-hospital MACE occurred in 71 of 151 patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), serum creatinine (sCr), multivessel coronary artery disease, and Killip class III/IV were risk factors for in-hospital MACE, whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were protective factors, with eGFR, LVEF, cTnI, SBP, and Killip class III/IV being independent predictors of in-hospital MACE. The prediction model had good discrimination with an area under the curve = 0. 778 (95%CI: 0.690–0.865). Good calibration and clinical utility were observed through the calibration and decision curves, respectively.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that eGFR, LVEF, cTnI, SBP, and Killip class III/IV independently predict in-hospital MACE after primary PCI in patients with acute STEMI, and the prediction model constructed based on the above factors could be useful for individual risk assessment and early management guidance.
Challenges with the use of Xpert HPV as a screening tool for oral HPV among people living with HIV (PLHIV): experiences from Pune, India
Authors: Admase Abigail , Joshi Samir , Borse Rohidas , Deshpande Prasad , Kulkarni Vandana , Khaire Samir , Thakur Rahul , Chavan Amol , Nimkar Smita , Mave Vidya , Marbaniang Ivan
Published: April 2023

Background

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at higher risk for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancers compared to the general population. Xpert HPV test is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of rapid HPV detection. Performing the assay requires minimal intervention by laboratory personnel. Its use could improve oropharyngeal cancer screening among PLHIV living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited diagnostic capacities. However, Xpert HPV performance for oral samples has not been evaluated. Here, we describe our experience with Xpert HPV and compare its results with traditional PCR, for oral samples.

Methods

Oral samples from 429 PLHIV receiving care at a tertiary care hospital affiliated antiretroviral therapy center in Pune, India were used. Samples were collected either after a 30s oral rinse and gargle (n = 335) or in combination with cytobrush scraping of the oral mucosa (n = 91). Unsuccessful tests were those that generated an invalid or error result on Xpert HPV. Successful tests were those that generated a positive or negative result. Kappa statistic was used to compare concordance between Xpert HPV and traditional real-time PCR results.

Results

There were 29.8% (n = 127) unsuccessful tests, of which 78.7% (n = 100) were invalid and 21.3% (n = 27) were error results. Adding cytobrush scraping to oral rinse as a collection procedure did not significantly reduce the proportion of unsuccessful tests (p = 0.9). For successful tests, HPV positivity on Xpert was 0.3% (n = 1/299). Kappa statistic was 0.11, indicating poor agreement between Xpert HPV and traditional PCR results.

Conclusions

Presently, Xpert HPV appears to have limited use for oral HPV detection among PLHIV using oral samples. More research to improve the diagnostic capabilities of Xpert HPV for oral samples among PLHIV is needed.
A descriptive analysis of the coverage of newborn care services among women who delivered in health facilities in 17 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Wan Siyuan , Jin Baiming , Kpordoxah Mary Rachael , Issah Abdul-Nasir , Yeboah Daudi , Aballo Jevaise , Boah Michael
Published: April 2023

Background

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has seen an increase in facility-based births over the years. However, the region has the world’s highest newborn mortality rate (42% in 2019). Quality care around the time of birth can avert these deaths. This study examined the newborn care interventions given to women who gave birth in health facilities in 17 countries in SSA.

Methods

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted. We used data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in 17 sub-Saharan African countries. We analysed a weighted sample of 226,706 women aged 15–49 years who gave birth in the five years preceding the surveys. We described the coverage of nine newborn care services, namely weighing at birth, breastfeeding initiation within 1 h after birth, skin-to-skin contact, temperature measurement, cord examination, counselling on newborn danger signs, counselling on breastfeeding, breastfeeding observation, and child health assessment before discharge.

Results

Overall, 72.0% (95% CI: 71.1, 72.8) of births occurred in health facilities, ranging from 40.0% (95% CI: 38.0, 42.1) in Nigeria to 96.3% (95% CI: 95.4, 97.1) in South Africa. Weighing at birth was the most common intervention (91.4%), followed by health checks before discharge (81%). The other interventions, including those given immediately at birth (breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact), had suboptimal coverage. For instance, 66% of newborns were breastfed within 1 h after birth, and 56% had immediate skin-to-skin contact. Service coverage varied considerably by country and healthcare provider type.

Conclusions

The majority of the examined services, namely early breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, cord examination, temperature measurement, counselling on newborn danger signs, breastfeeding observation, and counselling on breastfeeding, were found to have suboptimal coverage. Even though many pregnant women in SSA give birth in healthcare facilities, some newborns do not always get the care they need to be healthy and live. This is a missed chance to improve newborn health and survival around the time of birth.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers in a highly affected region in Brazil
Authors: Cohen Mírian , Cruz Luciane Nascimento , Cardoso Ricardo Bertoglio , Albuquerque Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de , Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos , de Souza Wayner Vieira , Ludermir Ana Bernarda , de Carvalho Maria Rosimery , da Silva Vicente Julianne Damiana , Viegas Filho Marcelo Paulino , Cortes Fanny Julia Mireille , de Siqueira Silva Marina Teixeira , Almeida Carla Menezes Cavalcante , Lima Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa , Veras Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena , Kendall Carl , Kerr Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo , Martelli Celina Maria Turchi , Camey Suzi Alves
Published: April 2023

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in low and middle-income countries, which had to face additional political, social, and economic challenges. We thus aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health outcomes and the associated factors in HCWs treating COVID-19 patients in one of the most affected regions in Brazil.

Methods

We used the Respondent-Driven Sampling method to assess the risks of COVID-19 infection and symptoms of mental disorders in nurses, nursing technicians, and physicians who worked on the frontline in the metropolitan region of Recife. 865 healthcare workers completed a survey regarding sociodemographic data, work-related risks, and symptoms of mental disorders - SRQ-20 for common mental disorders (CMD); AUDIT-C for problematic alcohol use; GAD-7 for anxiety; PHQ-9 for depression; PCL-5 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gile’s successive sampling estimator was used to produce the weighted estimates by professional category. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to analyze factors associated with a positive screening for CMD. We will present the results of a cross-sectional analysis of the mental health outcomes after the first peak of COVID-19 – from August 2020 to February 2021.

Results

The prevalence ratios for a positive screening for CMD were 34.9% (95% CI: 27.8–41.9) in nurses, 28.6% (95% CI: 21.3–36.0) in physicians, and 26.6% (95% CI: 16.8–36.5) in nursing technicians. Nurses presented a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (23%). Positive screening for problematic alcohol use (10.5 to14.0%), anxiety (10.4 to 13.3%), and PTSD (3.3 to 4.4%) were similar between the professional categories. The main factors associated with CMD in nurses and physicians were related to an intrinsic susceptibility to mental illness, such as previous or family history of psychiatric disorder, and female sex. Among nurse technicians, work-related factors, such as accidents with biological material, presented the strongest association with CMD.

Conclusion

The mental health of HCWs fighting COVID-19 in Recife was severely affected. It is crucial that healthcare services provide adequate working conditions and psychological support, investing in programs to promote and protect HCWs mental health.
The characteristics of the urogenital fascia in the retrorectal space based on male cadaveric dissection and its clinical application
Authors: Li Yi , Ma Yan-Bing , Xiao Yang , Shi Guang-Cun , Zhao Ya-Min , Zhou Jin-Song , Tong Cong , Liu Rui-Ting , Yan Li-Kun
Published: April 2023

Background

The architecture of retrorectal fasciae is complex, as determined by different anatomical concepts. The aim of this study was to examine the anatomical characteristics of the inferomedial extension of the urogenital fascia (UGF) involving the pelvis to explore its relationship with the adjacent fasciae. Furthermore, we have expounded on the clinical application of UGF.

Method

For our study, we examined 20 adult male pelvic specimens fixed in formalin, including 2 entire pelvic specimens and 18 semipelvic specimens. Our department has performed 466 laparoscopic rectal cancer procedures since January 2020. We reviewed the surgical videos involving UGF preservation and analyzed the anatomy of the UGF.

Results

The bilateral hypogastric nerves ran between the visceral and parietal layers of the UGF. The visceral fascia migrated ventrally at the fourth sacral vertebra, which formed the rectosacral fascia together with the fascia propria of the rectum; the parietal layer continually extended to the pelvic diaphragm, terminating at the levator ani muscle. At the third to fourth sacral vertebra level, the two layers constituted the lateral ligaments.

Conclusion

The double layers of the UGF are vital structures for comprehending the posterior fascia relationship of the rectum. The upper segment between the fascia propria of the rectum and the visceral layer has no evident nerves or blood vessels and is regarded as the " holy plane” for the operation.