bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PUTUSAN ULTRA PETITA DALAM TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NARKOTIKA
Authors: Hafizhah Azzahra  , Setiyono
Published: April 2024

The case that occurred on February 1st, 2019 involved a sale and purchase transaction of methamphetamine by Boiy Sairy alias Busairi Bin Tomin. The decision from the Panel of Judges of Situbondo District Court is different from the article charged by the public prosecutor in a single indictment. The defendant was charged with Article 112 of the Narcotics Law, while the judges gives a decision under Article 127 of the Narcotics Law. This research is normative and descriptive analytical legal research, using secondary data obtain through litearure studies and interviews. The data is analyzed qualitatively and conclusions are drawn using deductive understanding. The conclusion of the research is that the Judges use Article 127 while in the indictment and the facts of the trial and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court Decision No. 675 K/Pid/1987, the Defendant BS was proven to have abused Narcotics so that the Judge imposed a criminal sentence and this decision has permanent legal force so that it is valid in the eyes of the law.
PENANGKAPAN IKAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN PELEDAK DI WILAYAH PERAIRAN TAKA GARAS MAUMERE
Authors: Nur Fitriani  , Dyah Setyorini
Published: April 2024

Illegal fishing often use explosives. The Research’s problem is how the policies regarding fishing gear in Law on Fisheries and the Job Creation Law and how fishing carried out by the Kasdin using explosives in terms of the Law on Fisheries and the Job Creation Law (case study Decision Number 4/Pid.Sus-Prk/2020/PN Mme). The research conducted in normative and descriptive analytical legal research, using secondary data and primary and secondary legal materials. The data is analyzed qualitatively and conclusions drawn using deductive logic method. The conclusion is that the policy related to the prohibition of the use of bombs (chemical explosives) in fishing activities is regulated in Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries, Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 18 of 2021 and Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Maritime Affairs and Fishery. Based on the case in Decision Number 4/Pid.Sus-Prk/2020/PNMme, Kasdin violated Article 8 (1) of Law 45/2009 Concerning Fisheries, Article 7 (1) and (2) of Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 18 of 2021, Article 43 (1) Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Maritime Affairs and Fishery and can be categorized as illegal fishing using explosive.
KESEJAHTERAAN KESEHATAN ANAK PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI PANTI ASUHAN AMANAH ASSOMADIYAH
Authors: Intan Diana Fauziyah  , Wahyuni Retnowulandari
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to provide the health of foster children at the Amanah Assomadiyah orphanage during the Covid-19 pandemic and for Children at an age that is prone to being infected with Covid-19. The health of Indonesian children is something that must not be forgotten during this pandemic. Indonesian children's health is something that must be considered and maintained. The legal task is to ensure the welfare of children according to Law Number 4 of 1979 concerning Children’s Welfare. This research’s main problems: what are the fulfillment of the health of foster children at the Amanah Assomadiyah Orphanage during the Covid-19 pandemic and what are the efforts to fulfill the health of children during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Amanah Assomadiyah Orphanage that based on statutory regulations. The research conducted in normative and descriptive analytical legal research and the conclusions are drawn using deductive logic method. The conclusions of this research are that the fulfillment of children's health at the Amanah Assomadiyah orphanage was disrupted during the Covid-19 pandemic and The administrators of the Amanah Assomadiyah orphanage are basically unable to provide health service efforts and children's health needs.
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KESUSILAAN (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 722/PID.SUS/2020/PN.BKS)
Authors: Namira Kinanti  , Ermania Widjajanti Ermania
Published: April 2024

The sophistication of Information and Communication Technology and its various uses indicate an information society. A crime found in society is a crime of decency in ITE. The research’s problem: are the actions of perpetrators of the crime spreading immoral content using Whatsapp and Instagram are properly applying Article 45 (1) in conjunction with Article 27 (1) of ITE Law? and what is the punishment for the perpetrators that spreading immoral content on Whatsapp and Instagram? This research is a normative and descriptive analytical legal research, using secondary material, analyzed qualitatively and the conclusions drawn using deductive logic. The research’s author conclude that the actions taken by the perpetrators are in accordance with the ITE Law, namely the elements in Article 27 (1) in conjunction with Article 45 (1). However, according to the author, the Public Prosecutor’s charge can be accumulated with pornography, in the provisions of Article 4 (1) letter D of the Pornography Law. In this case there is a mixed of concursus realis criminal acts. There is a mixture of concursus realis criminal acts that apply to Article 65 of  Criminal Code as a basis for ballast crimes, the maximum criminal provisions plus one third are applied.
PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PELAKU PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA SECARA BERSAMA UNTUK DIRI SENDIRI
Authors: Bella Oktavia Hardimanto  , Rahmawan Dhany
Published: April 2024

The large number of narcotics abusers are imprisoned, causing prisons to become overcapacity. In addition, narcotics abusers should receive rehabilitation sentences because it is stated in the Narcotics Law, such as the case of Muhammad Wahyudi, who was legally guilty of committing Narcotics Abuse in Group I for himself. The research study is based on court decision number: 50/ Pid. Sus/2021/PN. Ktb. The research’s problems: are the actions of the defendant in Court Decision number: 50/Pid.Sus/2021/PN.Ktb in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws? The research conducted in normative and descriptive analytical legal research, the data and the data sources used in this research are statutory regulations, jurisprudence and legal doctrines that relevant to the case. The data are analyzed qualitatively and the conclusions are drawn using deductive understanding method. The conclusion from this research is that the abusers must receive punishment in the form of rehabilitation, not imprisonment, because it is guaranteed by the narcotics law and the judges must consider and pay attention to the authority and the obligations of the judge regulated in the narcotics law which are mandatory to provide rehabilitation.
EXPLORING PRONUNCIATION CHALLENGES: INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' PRODUCTION OF ENGLISH FRICATIVE SOUNDS
Authors: Luthfianda Sahira , Irawan Yusup , Rahayu Ratih , Hidayat Sarip
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study investigated the production of English alveolar and post-alveolar fricatives by 40 Indonesian university students who are not majoring in English study. The research instruments were a questionnaire, which was used to obtain information about the participants, and a word list, which was comprised of 16 English words with alveolar and post-alveolar fricatives and 9 tricky words. The results revealed two main findings. The first was that most Indonesian non-English major university students who participated in this research were not proficient in producing voiced post-alveolar fricative /ʒ/ which resulted in the substitution of the sound with /z/, /s/, and /ʃ/. The participants, however, were quite great at producing the voiceless post-alveolar fricative /ʃ/ and had no difficulty in producing alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/. The second was that the results indicated that the participants’ problems in pronouncing English fricatives were mainly attributed to native language interference, the absence of the target sound in the sound system of their native language, and limited knowledge of English phonetics. This research recommends that EFL teachers give a special portion of time to train their students to pronounce fricative sounds in English that do not exist in the students' native language and provide them with English sound phonetic knowledge. Both of these things are strongly believed to improve the students’ proficiency in English pronunciation.
MULTIMODAL CONTENT ANALYSIS OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS IN AN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK
Authors: Murtadho Muhammad Ali Arif , Eryansyah Eryansyah , Silvhiany Sary
Published: April 2024

English textbooks are a valuable tool for promoting the development of 21st century skills. Meanwhile, multimodal texts in textbooks are employed by authors to convey meaning through verbal and visual modes, thus necessitating the adoption of multimodal analysis as the most efficacious method for its elucidation. Regrettably, there exists a dearth of literature concerning the application of this approach for analyzing textbooks. To fill this gap, the study examined 21st century skills in an English textbook. This study used content analysis with multimodal social semiotic approach. The subject of the study was an English textbook “English for Nusantara” for the seventh-grade students. The result shown that critical thinking and problem-solving skill was the most frequent type. However, the study did not find any mention of media literacy, and there were only a few instances of economic literacy and global awareness. It is suggested that future revisions should include them. Moreover, English teachers are urged to actively participate in the process of textbook selection and augment the instructional materials with supplementary resources to mitigate any inadequacies of the textbook.
EVALUATING TOEFL PREDICTION TEST PROFICIENCY AMONG LECTURERS AND STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SAMUDRA
Authors: Bania Allif Syahputra
Published: April 2024

The TOEFL test to measure English language skills is an important determinant of educational success and admission to the university. The aim of study is to measure Toefl ability by lecturers and students at University of Samudra. This study used a test method with a quantitative-descriptive approach. With regard to the analysis of data from lecturers' TOEFL test results in various study programs, this study compared the scores for listening comprehension, reading comprehension and finally structure and written expression as well as showed the highest score, lowest scores and average scores obtained by the lecturers and students across disciplines. Meanwhile, analyzing data from the TOEFL test for students, this study demonstrated the highest, lowest and average scores of each study program in 5 faculties such as faculty of teacher training and education, faculty of engineering, faculty of law, faculty of agriculture, and faculty of economics. There were 16 lecturers who participated and 1.792 students. Finding found that the highest score of the lecturer's TPT test was 497 by P-15 from Accountancy. However, this highest score is not enough to pass doctoral studies with a minimum score of 500. So all lecturers must repeat the TPT test. Meanwhile, only Chemical and Technical Information managed to get an average score above 450 in order to meet the requirements of the thesis trial. Therefore, many lecturers and students did not pass the TPT test, so they repeated the TPT test.
SPEECH FUNCTION BY LECTURERS AND STUDENTS IN THE COMMUNICATION USING WHATSAPP:	SOCIOPRAGMATICS STUDY
Authors: Sudar Sudar
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study is to investigate the lecturers and students communication using the technology of social media. It is particularly WhatsApp.  Related to this issue, researcher would like to state some questions, namely; a, what are the types of speech function made by lecturers and students in the conducting their communication by using WhatsApp? b, what is the most dominant of speech function produced by lecturers and students? c, what are the meanings of speech function made by lecturers and students in their texting to each other using WhatsApp’s?  It is a qualitative descriptive research. There are one hundred and thirty four students and fifteen lecturers used as samples. To analyze the data, researcher used theory of speech function developed by Holmes, Janet, (2013) cited in, Wiliany, Megah, Iriyana, (2018). The findings revealed that there are four types of speech functions made by students and lecturers; namely; expressive, directive, referential, and phatic speech function. Students produced referential speech function the in the highest level. Furthermore, lecturers preferred to developed expressive and referential speech function equally. It was 81 utterances of directive speech function developed by lecturers. Students produced expressive speech function 211 utterances and lecturers produced117 utterances of expressive speech function. Referential speech function was the highest speech functions produced by students and lecturers. Students produced 232 utterances, and lecturers produced 195 utterances of referential speech function. Phatic speech function was higher produced by students produced by lecturers. The meaning of speech functions depends on the context of using speech function itself. Speech functions made by lecturers and students have different meanings. The facts students were always to create intimacy to the lecturers, and lecturers appreciated and respected the student’s texting. WhatsApp is useable to achieve students and lecturers’ academic purposes.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ VOICES ON SNBT ENGLISH LITERACY: A NARRATIVE INQUIRY APPROACH
Authors: Darmawan Iwan , Romadhon M Galuh Elga , Mustofa Mutmainnah
Published: April 2024

This research study examines the challenges encountered by high school students in Indonesia while acquiring English literacy skills for the National Selection Based on Test (SNBT) examination. The research uses a narrative inquiry methodology to gather qualitative data from two participants who come from diverse backgrounds. The researcher aims to gain a thorough understanding of the participants' experiences, perceptions, and challenges associated with the SNBT examination. Using open-ended questions and probing techniques, the researcher was able to identify recurring themes, patterns, and significant insights. Thematic analysis was employed to identify and analyze the main themes and sub-themes that emerged from the respondents' narratives. The findings of the research indicate that language, psychological, and environmental challenges were identified as the primary obstacles. The findings underscore the significance of catering the varied learning needs of students, including language support and personalized instruction. Moreover, offering explicit guidance on the format and requirements of the SNBT test can better prepare students for success. Additionally, integrating technology, such as online resource and tools, into the language curriculum can enhance engagement and provide valuable learning opportunities. These recommendations aim to empower students by equipping them with the necessary tools and support to navigate the challenges of English literacy acquisition and excel in the SNBT examination.
ADVANCING ESSAY WRITING WITH DIGLIT: APPLICATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A DIGITAL LITERACY TEACHING TOOL
Authors: Hidayati Istiqlailah Nurul , Dewanti Ratna , Rasyid Yumna , Putra Purnama
Published: April 2024

Writing an essay is still a challenge for students even for those at the university level. There are many difficulties they find when they try to write it. First, especially in non-English speaking countries, students lack vocabulary, they do not have ideas to write, they are still confused about the mechanics, and they find it difficult to organize the writing. Since the problems are complex, giving only the theories of writing to the students is not adequate. Teachers have to ‘arm’ the students with tools. There are many tools available today on the internet, yet not many students are able to use them correctly. They need guidance to use them in the correct way. This research aims at developing a digital teaching tool to assist students in writing an essay. The research is done by doing need analysis, designing the digital tool, and finally testing the designed teaching tool. The digital teaching tool is named as Diglit which stands for Digital Literacy. It is named so since the tool guides the students to use their literacy skills for constructing a better essay. The research employed ASSURE design to develop the teaching tool. At the end of the process, the tool is tested for its effectiveness using quasi experimental research and it is found out that there is an effect of the use of Diglit on the students’ writing skill. Hence, the result shows that the digital tool created from the research is able to help the students construct an essay.
INCORPORATING HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS INTO ENGLISH SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Rianti Riska , Aziz Zulfadli A , Aulia Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are considered as one of the 21st-century skills in education. One of the most efficient strategies to promote HOTS is through assessment. This study aims to find out the percentage of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) used in English teachers’ summative assessment in an Islamic junior high school in Banda Aceh. In this qualitative study, Anderson's (2001) taxonomy, which divided thinking skills into two categories: lower-order thinking skills (remembering, understanding, and applying) and higher-order thinking skills (analyzing, evaluating, creating) were applied. The object of this study was three documents of English teachers’ summative assessments containing 150 test items with 145 questions in multiple-choice form and 15 questions in essay form. The questions were listed on a checklist table and calculated into percentages that corresponded to each cognitive level. The result showed that HOTS obtained a lower distribution than LOTS in the English teachers’ summative assessments. Specifically, the percentage of HOTS was only 4.6% (7 questions) from 150 questions analyzed. In conclusion, most questions of English teachers’ summative assessment in the Islamic junior high school can be categorized mostly into Lower-Order Thinking Skills (LOTS). The findings suggest that teachers should be more conscious of HOTS implementation while creating questions. Ultimately, this will improve students’ critical and creative thinking as well as problem-solving.
EXPLORING PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT IN 4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: AN INTERACTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Salamah Siti , Zultiyanti Zultiyanti
Published: April 2024

Many studies of pragmatic acquisition in Indonesia have been carried out, but they are only limited to aspects of speech acts. For this reason, it is necessary to have an in-depth study related to aspects of acquiring pragmatics in children. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. This study aims to describe the main issues regarding pragmatic acquisition in children aged 4 years. The research data was obtained at ABA Nitikan Yogyakarta Kindergarten. As for the technique of data collection, it was done by observation method with recording and note-taking techniques. Data analysis uses the Miles Huberman flow model. The validity of the data is achieved by triangulation of methods and theories. Data triangulation was carried out by extracting data from three sources, namely in-depth observations in class, audio recordings of class interactions and reflective analysis of field notes. Theoretical triangulation is carried out by comparing the results of research data acquisition with relevant theoretical perspectives to avoid the researcher's individual bias on the resulting findings or conclusions. The results of a study of the acquisition of pragmatics in children show that 4 years old children in ABA Nitikan Yogyakarta Kindergarten have acquired the aspects of Joint Attention (JA) as much as 4%, Common Ground (CG) 9%, Convention and Contrast (CC) 11%, Feedback and Repair (FR) 9%, and Speech Act (SA) 67%.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE AND SPEECH ACTS IN "THE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMES": A STUDY ON DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
Authors: Bahing Bahing , Meilantina Mayang , Fadhly Fahrus Zaman
Published: April 2024

Abstract This study explores the intricacies of figurative language and speech acts within five selected short stories from "The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes." Through a qualitative analysis grounded in the theories of Austin and Searle for speech acts, and further supported by the descriptive insights of figurative language as discussed by Adiwangsa Sakinah (2023) and Ampa Quraisy (2018), this research aims to identify the dominant types of speech acts and the underlying meanings conveyed through figurative expressions. The methodology encompasses content analysis, with the researcher herself acting as the primary instrument, supplemented by digital tools for text examination. The findings reveal the prevalence of directive, expressive, and representative speech acts manifested in similes, metaphors, and metonyms, underscoring the significance of these linguistic features in enhancing the interpretative richness of literary texts. This study contributes to the broader discourse on linguistic analysis in literature, offering insights into the dynamic interplay between language form and function, and its educational implications in English Language and Arts curricula.
Desenvolvimento e validação de software de gerenciamento de leitos com interface ao Sistema Kanban
Authors: Silva Dhonell Oliveira da , Reis Soraia Costa , Soares Silvana Nascimento , Sousa Thaismária Alves de , Medeiros Felype Hanns Alves de , Lima Lilian Natália Ferreira de , Araújo Edson Ferreira de , Silva Gumercindo Leandro da , Chaves Rafael Oliveira
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar um software de gerenciamento de leitos cirúrgicos com interface ao Sistema Kanban. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa metodológica, estudo de avaliação de tecnologia, prospectivo, transversal, indutivo e observacional, conduzido por uma amostra de 11 (onze) médicos e enfermeiros. Os juízes avaliaram o software segundo os critérios de usabilidade, percepção de utilidade, facilidade de uso e utilidade percebida pelo software, por meio de questionário baseado no System Usability Scale - SUS e na Technology Acceptance Model - TAM, com pontuação de 0,912 no teste de Alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: A amostra apresenta a caracterização dos juízes segundo sua graduação, 64% possuem graduação em medicina e 36% possuem graduação em enfermagem. No conjunto, o software obteve um IVC de 0,92, para questões positivas, e IVC de 0,94 para questões negativas,concerne para o aspecto de usabilidade e facilidade; IVC de 0,97 para os aspectos de utilidade; e IVC 0,97 para os aspectos de interface e aplicabilidade do software. Conclusão: O software de gerenciamento de leitos hospitalares com interface com o Sistema Kanban mostrou-se como um sistema tecnológico útil, prático e bem aceito pelos médicos e enfermeiros, facilitando a gestão e gerenciamento dos leitos hospitalares.
Autotransplanted premolars for substituting traumatic maxillary central incisors in a Class II growing patient
Authors: Montesinos F Armando , Robles Didier Andrei , Nambo Diego
Published: April 2024

A 10-year-old young Hispanic male patient was referred to the Endodontics Department with the chief complaint of color change of maxillary central incisors. The parents reported trauma one year before and as a result root canal treatment; maxillary central incisors extractions were necessary due to poor prognosis, so he was referred to the Orthodontics Department to evaluate if the patient could be the candidate for orthodontic treatment, as he showed severe crowding. The patient had no medical conditions, and the pretreatment records showed a Class II skeletal relation and vertical pattern. Dental findings were mixed dentition, an Angle Class II molar relationship, moderate upper and lower anterior crowding, 4 mm of overbite, and 7 mm of overjet. The patient underwent autotransplantation of maxillary second premolars into the place of maxillary central incisors that needed to be extracted as stated by the endodontist (premolar extractions were needed to solve the orthodontic problems). The suggested position for the autotransplant teeth was not accomplished by the surgeon, so orthodontic forces were applied to the autotransplant teeth to the ideal position. At the end of orthodontic treatment, the autotransplanted teeth were restored by the prosthodontist. Therefore, the facial balance improved, and the final occlusal relationships were good. COVID-19 global lockdown was a challenging obstacle to overcome during treatment. This case report intends to highlight the potential benefits of tooth autotransplantation and to increase awareness of this treatment protocol.
Application of HVSR Method on Microtremor Data for Analysis of Earthquake Potential in Candipuro District, Lumajang, Indonesia
Authors: Yatini Y. , Kustanto Putra Abdurrohim , Paripurno Eko Teguh
Published: April 2024

The Earthquake of 6.1 magnitude occurred on April 10, 2021, in Lumajang district. One affected area suffered building losses, road damage, and casualties in Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency, East Java. Then the research was conducted to determine the strength of the soil against the potential earthquake by micro zoning the area in Candipuro District. This research uses the microtremor method with HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) analysis. Analysis of earthquake potential includes parameters of Ground Amplification (A0), Dominant Frequency (f0), Ground Vulnerability Index (Kg), and Ground Shear Strain (GSS).
The acquisition was completed with 16 measurement points in Supiturang Village with 500 meters between points using the Portable Seismograph TDS - 303. The results obtained in Supiturang Village have the results of the amplification value factor which is classified as medium-high (2.7 - 8.7), low dominant frequency value (0.5 - 1.4 Hz), medium-high soil susceptibility index (10 - 90), VS30 value which includes medium - hard soil (187.81 - 548.38) m/s, and GSS value which shows the response of cracks and soil subsidence to shaking (2 x 10-5 - 2 x 10-4).
Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Characteristics of the Hot Springs in the Wapsalit Area, Buru Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pinning Fathira , Haryanto Agus Didit , Hutabarat Johanes
Published: April 2024

Wapsalit is one of the geothermal areas that is located in Buru Regency, Maluku Province. Wapsalit area has several geothermal manifestations like hot springs, altered rocks, silica sinter and many more. This research aims to determine the characteristics and origin of the fluid in the research area. This research takes 5 samples of hot springs named FATH-1, FATH-2, FATH-3, FATH-4 and FATH-5. Based on the results of chemical analysis, it shows that the 5 samples belong to the bicarbonate fluid type. FATH-1, FATH-3 and FATH-5 belong to the partial equilibrium zone, FATH-2 and FATH-4 belong to the immature water zone.  Based on isotope 18O and D analysis, the 5 hot spring samples originated from meteoric water and the fluids interacting with the rocks before heading to the surface.
Identifying Dominant Structural Pattern of Semarang City Using Digital Elevation Model and Landsat 8-OLI Imagery
Authors: Hidayatillah Ahmad Syauqi , Nurcahyo Tri Apri , Muliawan Jody Bintara Pradiksa , Endarsih Alfyah Edina
Published: April 2024

Semarang City is an area in the northern part of Java Island, administratively the Capital of Central Java Province. Because Semarang City is the provincial capital, Semarang City has a relatively dense population. Geologically, the city of Semarang is an area that consists of various types of lithology and is traversed by various regional geological structures. In this case, understanding the existence and distribution of geological structures in the city of Semarang is essential, considering that geological structures are one of the controllers for natural disasters such as landslides and earthquakes. This study analyzed the existence and distribution of geological structures in the city of Semarang based on the lineaments observed from digital elevation models and satellite imagery. This study aims to identify the dominant structural pattern in Semarang City, determine the relationship between fault fracture density (FFD) with regional geological structure and lithology, and determine the fault zone area in Semarang City based on FFD & lineament analysis. The method used in this analysis is to process DEM data and Landsat 8-OLI imagery, then interpret the lineaments in the form of rosset diagrams and the density in the form of FFD maps. The results of the rosset diagram analysis show that Semarang City has various structural lineament patterns, namely: North–South, Northeast–Southwest, and Northwest–Southeast, with the North–South pattern as the dominant pattern. Based on the results of the lineament density distribution on the FFD map, it is known that the area traversed by the Semarang regional geological structure has a high lineament density value which is interpreted that the area is a weak zone with high structural intensity. From this study, it can also be seen that there is no significant relationship between the type of lithology and the density value on the FFD map. The distribution of lineament density is not affected by the type of lithology, except in the northern and northeastern parts of Semarang city, which consist of alluvium. Based on these results, it can be interpreted that the fault zone area is associated with areas that have high-density values on the FFD map. Distribution of the fault zone area of Semarang City is spreading over the Banyumanik, Gunungpati, and Mijen Districts, which are relatively in the southern and central parts of Semarang City.
Geochemistry of Igneous Rocks of Citirem Formation and Its Implications for the Tectonic Setting in Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark Area
Authors: Hafidhah Nurul Haq  , Rosana Mega Fatimah , Endyana Cipta , Nugraha Katon Sena Ajie , Alamsyah Irpan
Published: April 2024

The igneous rocks of the Citirem Formation in the Ciletuh – Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark area petrographically not only consist of basalt, but also andesite, dacite, and gabbro. The characteristics of basalts Citirem Formation are composed of plagioclase 43% – 58% and olivine, mostly have amygdaloidal and aphanitic textures. Andesites are composed of 45% – 65% plagioclase, absence of olivine, mostly aphanitic and trachytic, some have intergranular textures. Dacite comprises 50% plagioclase, 20% quartz, and the absence of olivine, and aphanitic, intersertal textures. Gabbros are composed of 62% plagioclase, 6% – 12% olivine, with phaneritic texture. Based on the plot of the major elements vs SiO2 diagram, MgO, FeOt (Fe2O3+FeO), CaO, and TiO2 show a negative correlation with SiO2. In comparison, Na2O and K2O show a positive correlation with SiO2. The lithology of igneous rocks of Citirem Formation are basalt, trachybasalt, basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, andesite, dacite and gabbro based on a plot of the Na2O+K2O vs SiO2 diagram for volcanic and plutonic rocks. The origin of magma type can be distinguished based on the plot of K2O vs SiO2 diagrams, the igneous rocks of Citirem Formation are divided into low-K, medium-K, high-K, and shoshonite magma series. Dacite STA 2, andesite STA 7, basaltic andesite STA 8, trachyandesite STA 10 and gabbro STA 14 are calc-alkaline based on triangular diagram Th-Hf-Ta-Zr-Nb. Gabbro STA 17 indicates IAT (island arc tholeiite), trachybasalt STA 19, basalt STA 20 and basaltic trachyandesite STA 27 are E-MORB, WPT (within plate tholeiitic), In contrast, trachybasalt STA 28 is WPA (within plate alkali). Primitive mantle long, NMORB-normalized REE patterns and chondrites-normalized show some rocks have distinctive patterns that have similarities with suprasubduction zone ophiolite rocks, MORB of Mirdita ophiolite, and some show similarities with patterns from OIB and E-MORB.
Analysis Effect of Density, Crowded and Socio-Economic on the Psychological Well-Being of Housewives
Authors: Febriyanti Eka , Saam Zulfan , Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2024

The level of psychological well-being is a form of mental health through the achievement of the individual's relationship with the surrounding environment, consisting of social interactions, personal relationships, and life satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of density, tightness, and socioeconomic status on the psychological well-being of housewives (IRT). The research method is correlated with a cross-sectional design and sampling technique using simple random sampling totaling 171 IRT. The place of research is in one of the coastal areas of Pekanbaru City, Riau. The questionnaire used is divided into 4, namely density, tightness, socio-economic, and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWB). The results of the study found that there were problems of density (62.6%), social congestion (5.3%), and space congestion (6.4%) as well as low economic problems (58.5%). The results of this study indicate that there is no relationship between density (p = 0.158) of crowding (p = 0.693) and socioeconomic (p = 0.777), with the level of psychological well-being (p > 0.05). The researcher suggests that further studies are needed on the factors that influence people living in densely populated areas based on the values ​​and culture they hold.
التكييف القانوني للمقاومة الفلسطينية بقطاع غزة في ضوء قواعد القانوني الدولي العام
Authors: دوغان محمد محمود
Published: April 2024

تعتبر المقاومة الفلسطينية عسكرية كانت ام مدنية في قطاع غزة محورية في الصراع الإسرائيلي الفلسطيني، ولها تأثير كبير على الوضع السياسي والأمني في المنطقة. اذ ان القطاع يتعرض لعدة حروب واعتداءات إسرائيلية، وترد المقاومة الفلسطينية بعملياتها المسلحة، مما يؤدي إلى تصعيد التوتر والعنف في المنطقة. تتبنى المقاومة الفلسطينية في قطاع غزة استراتيجية المقاومة المسلحة، وتستخدم عدة وسائل وتكتيكات في مواجهة الاحتلال الإسرائيلي. تشمل هذه الوسائل إطلاق الصواريخ والقذائف الصاروخية على الأراضي الإسرائيلية، وتنفيذ عمليات تفجيرية واستهداف قوات الاحتلال والمستوطنات الإسرائيلية، بالإضافة إلى استخدام الاحتجاجات الشعبية والتظاهرات والمسيرات كأدوات للتعبير عن المطالب والمقاومة. كل هذه الأمور دفعت الكيان الصهيوني الى اعتبار ان ما تقوم به المقاومة الفلسطينية بقطاع غزة هو اعمال إرهابية ليس لها غطاء او حماية دولية وبالتالي يجب محاسبة مرتكبيها امام القضاء الإسرائيلي ، وهذا مناف للواقع اذ اعتبرنا ان قطاع غزة هو ارض فلسطينية وان ما تقوم به المقاومة الفلسطينية هو ردا على الاعتداءات المتواصلة من جيش العدو الإسرائيلي. وهنا تكمن أهمية البحث عندما نعطي التكييف الصحيح للمقاومة الفلسطينية بقطاع غزة لكي تحظى بالحماية الدولية المتمثلة باتفاقيات جنيف وقواعد القانون الدولي واعتبار ان كل من يتم اعتقاله خلال الاعتداءات الإسرائيلية هو اسير حرب لان ما تقوم به المقاومة الفلسطينية بقطاع غزة هو تكريساً لحق الشعوب في الدفاع عن نفسها وحقها في تحرير المصير في ظل الاحتلال.
تأثير الوعي الريادي على المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في ضوء متطلبات برنامج التحول الوطني
Authors: الهذلي نجوى سمران عوض
Published: April 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى قياس أثر الوعي الريادي على المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في ضوء متطلبات برنامج التحول الوطني، اعتمدت الباحثة في هذه الدارسة على المنهج الوصفي المسحي من أجل الحصول على حقائق ومعلومات مرتبطة بمشكلة الدراسة وذلك بتقسيم وتحليل هذه البيانات لأغراض الدراسة، واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة لجمع البيانات والتي احتوت على اربع محاور، وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة في كافة أصحاب المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في المملكة العربية السعودية، وقد تم أخذ عينة عشوائية قصدية من أصحاب المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في منطقة مكة المكرمة، وكان عددهم (50)،  ومن اهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة ارتفاع مستوى الوعي الريادي في المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة، وأسهمت المبادرات في زيادة مساهمة المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة في الاقتصاد المحلي، وان توجه المملكة نحو ريادة الأعمال ساهم في زيادة الناتج المحلي ورفع الاقتصاد من خلال الوعي بضرورة ريادة الأعمال في ظل التطورات الحاصلة في العالم، وكان من أبرز التوصيات تحديد استراتيجية خاصة بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة تعكس خطة التنفيذ من قبل وزارتي التخطيط والشؤون الاجتماعية وفقاً للأهداف والطموحات.
حوكمة المؤسسات الوقفية ودورها في دعم مشروعات ريادة الأعمال بسلطنة عمان دراسة استقرائية تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: الحامدي خليفة محمد خليفة
Published: April 2024

لطالما كان القطاع الخيري ركنا أصيلا في مكونات البنية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية للدول الرائدة بجوار القطاع الحكومي والقطاع الخاص؛ حيث هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع أحد برز مكوناته وهي المؤسسات الوقفية في سلطنة عمان، ودور الحوكمة في رفع أدائها الإداري والمالي، وتعزيز استثماراتها وقدرتها على تقديم خدمة مجتمعية نوعية مستدامة تتمحور حول مستهدفات حديثة تفرضها المتغيرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية، لا سيما قطاع ريادة الأعمال، وقد اعتمد الباحث على المنهج  البنيوي الوظيفي من خلال أدوات الاستقراء ، والتحليل، و المقارنة، في تناوله لموضوع الدراسة؛ وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج كان من أبرزها: أن السلطنة تزخر بتراث وقفي نوعي متميز، وأنها ماضية في حوكمة المؤسسات الوقفية العامة والخاصة مع توافر الأطر التنظيمية والتشريعية؛ إلا أن الباحث لم يجد مؤسسة وقفية عامة أو خاصة بالسلطنة تكرّس إيراداتها نحو تعزيز اللبنات الأساسية لقطاع ريادة الأعمال؛ رغم التداعيات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية لأزمة الباحثين عن عمل؛ مع وجود نماذج متميزة في هذا القطاع في الإقليم الخليجي والعربي؛ الأمر الذي حدا بالباحث أن يوصي بضرورة تدخل القرار السياسي بأدواته التشريعية والاقتصادية والإدارية لتحويل هذا القطاع ليكون أحد أجنحة جهاز الاستثمار العماني، وضرورة إنشاء مؤسسة وقفية عامة، ومؤسسة وقفية خاصة تسخِّر إيراداتها نحو تعزيز وتنمية وتنويع المشاريع التنموية لقطاع ريادة الأعمال في سلطنة عمان.
Calculating Apparent pKa Values of Ionizable Lipids in Lipid Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamilton Nicholas B. , Arns Steve , Shelley Mee , Bechis Irene , Shelley John C.
Published: March 2024

Creating new ionizable lipids for use in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is an active field of research. One of the critical properties for selecting suitable ionizable lipids is the apparent pKa value of the lipid as formulated in an LNP. We have developed a structure-based, computational methodology for the prediction of the apparent pKa value of ionizable lipids within LNPs. This methodology has been validated for the three most successful ionizable lipids to date which are present in the mRNA LNP COVID-19 vaccines COMIRNATY® (Pfizer/BioNTech) and Spikevax® (Moderna), and the siRNA LNP therapeutic Onpattro® (Alnylam). The calculation was also applied to Lipid A, a variant of the ionizable lipid used in COMIRNATY®. We believe that this new technology permits systematic computational prescreening of ionizable lipids to select the most promising candidates for synthesis and experimental testing, accelerating the formulation improvement process and reducing costs.
Regioselective Preparation of Hetero-2,3-Diarylpropionic Acids
Authors: Hamilton Mason , Perrone Trina , Popp Brian
Published: April 2024

A stepwise copper-catalyzed boracarboxylation then palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling methodology was developed to access 2,3-diarylpropionic acid derivatives regioselectively by pre-setting the position of the carboxylic acid in the first catalytic reaction. This method provides a single regioisomer compared to the traditional hydrocarboxylation strategies that afford both regioisomers. Pharmaceutical potential was demonstrated in synthesizing a glucagon receptor antagonist drug in 3-steps (31% overall yield) from the commercially available 4-tert-butylstyrene.
Mechanisms and Site Selectivity of (Het)Ar–X Oxidative Addition to Pd(0) Are Controlled by Frontier Molecular Orbital Symmetry
Authors: Lu Jingru , Schley Nathan , Paci Irina , Leitch David
Published: April 2024

We report how the reaction mechanism and site-selectivity of 2-halopyridine oxidative addition to L2Pd(0) are both controlled by frontier molecular orbital symmetry. Comparing oxidative addition rates for pairs of 2-chloro-3-EDG-pyridines / 2-chloro-5-EDG-pyridines (EDG = electron-donating group: NH2, OMe and F) to Pd(PCy3)2 reveals the 3-EDG isomers undergo oxidative addition ~100 times faster than their 5-EDG counterparts (∆ΔG‡OA = 10.4-11.6 kJ mol-1). Experimental and computational mechanistic studies reveal that the LUMO symmetries of the substrates control the oxidative addition mechanism. For the 3-EDG derivatives, high LUMO orbital coefficients at the reactive C2 position, and antibonding LUMO symmetry through the C2=N bond of the pyridine lead to a nucleophilic displacement oxida-tive addition mechanism. Conversely, the LUMO of the 5-EDG derivatives has a node through the C5–C2 plane, lead-ing to minimal orbital contribution at the reactive carbon. The higher energy LUMO+1 has substantial density at C2, but minimal orbital density at the nitrogen. This leads to 5-EDG substrates undergoing a 3-centered insertion oxida-tive addition mechanism. These orbital symmetry effects also control site-selectivity for multihalogenated pyridines, which we investigate for both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. Incorporating simple fron-tier orbital based molecular descriptors to a quantitative multivariate linear model for oxidative addition leads to im-proved prediction accuracy for both relative rates and site-selectivity of substituted 2-halopyridine oxidative addition to L2Pd(0).
CuPbX3 and AgPbX3 Inorganic Perovskites for Solar cell Applications
Authors: Berhe Taame Abraha , Tsai Meng-Che , Su Wei-Nien , Hwang Bin g Joe
Published: April 2024

One of the possible solutions to the world’s rapidly increasing energy demand is the development of new Photovoltaic device and photoelectrochemical cells with improved light absorption. This requires development of new semiconductor materials which have appropriate bandgap to absorb a large part of the solar spectrum at the same time as being stable in both the ambient and aqueous environments. Here, to the best of our knowledge, we showed computational identification of relevant fully inorganic ternary perovskites materials based on electronic structure calculations for the first time. Our first principles calculations were based on DFT as implemented in the VASP program. The identification is based on an efficient and reliable way of calculating semiconductor band gaps. We found that these materials are suitable for solar cell purpose since their optical bandgap ranged from 1.54 – 2.33 eV-computational calculation and 1.42 -1.93 eV-experimentally determined, which is similar to the CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskites. The outcome of the identification includes new ABX3 type materials: CuPbI3, CuPbBr3, CuPbCl3 and AgPbX3, which warrant further experimental investigations. These materials are direct bandgap materials, which are suggested to absorb broad solar spectrum with distinct advantages in terms of its environmental stability.
Maintaining the Region of the Americas free of polio: best practices for incident management support teams
Authors: Emanuele Carlos A. , Jean Baptiste Anne E. , Chévez Ana E. , Magarinos Mirta , Antelo Maite V. , Arza Sonia , Cain Emilia , Rey-Benito Gloria , Velandia-Gonzalez Martha , Salas Daniel
Published: April 2024

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and its Member States have been leading the efforts to eradicate wild poliovirus in the Region of Americas since smallpox's successful elimination in 1971. The region became the first to be certified free of wild poliovirus in 1994. However, in July 2022, an unvaccinated patient with no recent travel history was diagnosed with poliomyelitis in the United States of America. In response to the emergence of a circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus in the United States, PAHO established the Polio Incident Management Support Team. This team has been coordinating response efforts, focusing on: coordination, planning, and monitoring; risk communication and community engagement; surveillance and case investigation; vaccination; and rapid response. In this paper, we identified and documented best practices observed following establishment of the Incident Management Support Team (September 2022–2023) through a comprehensive review and analysis of various data sources and country-specific data from the polio surveillance dashboard. The aim was to share these best practices, highlighting technical support and implementation of polio measures by Member States. Despite several challenges, the Americas region remains polio-free. Polio risk is declining, with a July 2023 assessment showing fewer countries at medium, high, and very high risk. This progress reflects improved immunization coverage, surveillance, containment, health determinants, and outbreak preparedness and response. The PAHO Polio Incident Management Support Team has played a key role in supporting these efforts.
Empowering cybersecurity: A deep dive into AI-driven security intelligence modelling
Authors: Rachit Garg , Jayanthila Devi
Published: April 2024

The term "cyber security" refers to the process of protecting computer networks from malicious online attacks or unauthorized access. Cyber security solutions are essential for organisations, enterprises, and governments due to the pervasive danger posed by cyber criminals. AI has immense potential as a viable solution for addressing this issue. By using the capabilities of artificial intelligence, security specialists can enhance their ability to protect susceptible networks and data from cyber assailants. This article provides an overview of the use of AI in the field of cyber security. AIdriven cyber security utilises AI and machine learning technology to enhance the safeguarding of computer systems and networks against cyber threats, including hacking, malware, phishing, and other types of assaults. AI-driven security solutions are specifically developed to automate the identification, examination, and handling of security breaches in real-time, thereby enhancing the efficiency and efficacy of cyber security. These systems provide the capability to process vast quantities of data, detect patterns and irregularities, and make prompt and precise choices, beyond the abilities of people alone. This enables organisations to proactively address emerging cyber risks.
Data retrieval in cancer documents using various weighting schemes
Authors: A. Nicholas Danie , Jayanthila Devi
Published: April 2024

In the realm of data retrieval, sparse vectors serve as a pivotal representation for both documents and queries, where each element in the vector denotes a word or phrase from a predefined lexicon. In this study, multiple scoring mechanisms are introduced aimed at discerning the significance of specific terms within the context of a document extracted from an extensive textual dataset. Among these techniques, the widely employed method revolves around inverse document frequency (IDF) or Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), which emphasizes terms unique to a given context. Additionally, the integration of BM25 complements TF-IDF, sustaining its prevalent usage. However, a notable limitation of these approaches lies in their reliance on near-perfect matches for document retrieval. To address this issue, researchers have devised latent semantic analysis (LSA), wherein documents are densely represented as low-dimensional vectors. Through rigorous testing within a simulated environment, findings indicate a superior level of accuracy compared to preceding methodologies.