bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Clinicopathological Features and IL6 Expression in Tumor Budding of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Uehara Takeshi , Sato Koichi , Iwaya Mai , Nakajima Tomoyuki , Tobe Yosuke , Nagaya Tadanobu , Kitazawa Masato , Ota Hiroyoshi
Published: June 2022

Purpose Interleukin-6 (IL6) is one of the main cytokines produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). IL6 is linked with cancer progression and poor prognosis by activating cancer cells and modifying the cancer microenvironment. However, little is known about the expression of IL6 in tumor budding (TB) and its association with TB in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Methods The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of IL6 in TB was examined using a tissue microarray consisting of 36 patient samples of TB in CA. IL6 mRNA was detected by RNAscope kit. Patients were stratified into negative and positive IL6 expression groups. Results IL6 expression was overwhelmingly observed in CAFs but was negligible in cancer cells. In the IL6-positive group in CAFs, TB grade was higher than in the IL6-negative group (P=0.0161). There was a significant difference in overall survival (OS) between CA cases in the IL6-positive group and the IL6-negative group (log rank test, P=0.0367). Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the IL6-negative group (OR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.05–0.96; P=0.0440) had better OS for CA than the IL6-positive group. Conclusions TB may be affected by IL6 expression, and IL6 expression in CAFs at TB may make IL6 an important prognostic marker.
FEATURES OF THE ADAPTATION OF THE IRISH NOBILITY, GENTRY AND LOWER SOCIAL ESTATE OF THE POPULATION IN LONDON SOCIETY AT THE END OF THE 17th – 18th CENTURIES
Authors: Лагошина Н.А.
Published: June 2022

В данной статье анализируется процесс адаптации ирландцев в Лондоне в конце XVII–XVIII вв. Ирландская диаспора отличалась своей пестротой и разнообразием. Анализ источников позволяет выявить особенности адаптации представителей знати, джентри и низших слоев ирландского населения, а также изучить факторы и степень ассимиляции, особенности менталитета и идентичности разных групп переселенцев. Выясняются причины эффективной ассимиляции ирландской аристократии и джентри в английском обществе, а также стратегии и механизмы взаимодействия, позволяющие им добиться успеха и занять высокие должности в мегаполисе. Показано, что неприятие лондонским обществом и устойчивые стереотипы способствовали усилению общинного самосознания и маргинализации неимущих ирландцев. Автор делает вывод о том, что лондонская среда и атмосфера в корпорациях повлияли на идентичность ирландских студентов-юристов, государственных деятелей и торговцев, обучение и опыт взаимодействия с иностранными студентами и партнерами способствовали формированию новой формы идентичности ирландцев метрополии

This article analyzes the process of adaptation of the Irish in London at the end of the 17th – 18th centuries. The Irish diaspora was distinguished by its diversity and diversity. The analysis of sources makes it possible to identify the features of adaptation of representatives of the nobility, gentry and the lower strata of the Irish population, as well as to study the factors and degree of assimilation, mentality and identity of different groups of settlers. The reasons for the effective assimilation of the Irish aristocracy and gentry in English society, as well as the strategies and mechanisms of interaction that allow them to succeed and take high positions in the metropolis, are clarified. It is shown that the rejection of the London society and persistent stereotypes contributed to the strengthening of communal self-awareness and the marginalization of the poor Irish. The author concludes that the London environment and atmosphere in corporations influenced the identity of Irish law students, statesmen and merchants, training and experience of interaction with foreign students and partners contributed to the formation of a new form of identity for the metropolitan Irish
FROM AN UGLY HUNCHBACK TO A BLUE-EYED HANDSOME MAN THE FORMATION OF A NEW VISUAL IMAGE OF RICHARD III IN THE 21st CENTURY
Authors: Ласкова Н.В.
Published: June 2022

Прослеживается устойчивость диаметрально противоположных представлений в массовом сознании и историографии о Ричарде III: от имиджа уродливого злодея, сформировавшегося в рамках «Тюдоровского мифа», до отстаиваемого «ричардианцами» образа оклеветанного тюдоровской пропагандой достойного и мужественного монарха. Отдельное внимание уделяется археологическим находкам в Лестере 2012 г. и вопросу о роли современных научных технологий, в частности, генетической идентификации, позволяющих усилить доказательную базу в затянувшемся на столетия «великом споре» о Ричарде III.

The paper traces the persistence of diametrically opposite views of Richard III in the mass consciousness and historiography: from the image of an ugly villain, formed as part of the “Tudor myth”, to the image of a dignified and courageous monarch slandered by the “Richardians”, defended by the Tudor propaganda. Particular attention is paid to the archaeological finds in Leicester in 2012 and the role of modern scientific technologies, in particular genetic identification, to strengthen the evidence in the “great controversy” about Richard III, which has been going on for centuries
Shallow trimers of two identical fermions and one particle in resonant regimes
Authors: Naidon Pascal , Pricoupenko Ludovic , Schmickler Christiane
Published: June 2022

We consider two identical fermions interacting in the p-wave channel.
Each fermion also interacts with another particle in the vicinity
of an s-wave resonance. We find that in addition to the Kartavtsev-Malykh
universal trimer states resulting from the s-wave particle-fermion
interaction, the fermion-fermion p-wave interaction induces one or
two shallow trimers in a large domain of the control parameters, including
a borromean regime where the ground-state trimer exists in the absence
of dimer at any mass ratio between the fermions and the particle.
A generic picture of the trimer spectrum emerges from this work in
terms of the low-energy parameters of the interactions.
Market and entrepreneurial orientations as predictors of small and medium enterprises’ performance in the COVID-19 era
Authors: O. Ighomereho Salome , T. Afolabi Sola , A. Agada Solomon , A. Ojo Afolabi
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic affected all sectors of the economy, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, it has been observed that while some SMEs succumb to the pandemic, others thrive. Therefore, the study investigates the influence of market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation as well as their dimensions on the performance of SMEs in the COVID-19 era. A cross-sectional research design was adopted in the study. The data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 385 SME owners and managers in Lagos State, Nigeria. 328 copies of the questionnaire, representing 85.1%, were retrieved and used for the analyses. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that entrepreneurial orientation and its dimensions significantly influenced SME performance. Innovativeness and pro-activeness positively influenced performance, while risk-taking negatively influenced performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that market orientation and its dimensions have no significant influence on SME performance during COVID-19. The insights from the findings will help SME owners and managers to run their operations in a challenging business environment. It will also help SME development agencies in their efforts to encourage SME growth and long-term viability.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors appreciate the SME owners and managers who served as respondents for the study.
The impact of financial development and corruption on foreign direct investment in developing countries
Authors: Lestari Diana , Lesmana Dadang , Azizil Yudaruddin Yanzil , Yudaruddin Rizky
Published: June 2022

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into developing countries play an important role in the dynamics of economic growth. Meanwhile, financial development (FDV) and corruption have been considered a determinant of FDI. Therefore, this study aims to assess the effect of FDV and corruption on FDI in developing countries. In addition, this study explores the combined impact of FDV and corruption on FDI. Furthermore, the data for 108 developing countries were collected from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank from 1993 to 2017. The results showed that FDV has a positive and significant effect on FDI, while corruption does not have a statistically significant impact. This demonstrates that FDV has contributed to the growth of foreign investment and the important sources of financing for developing countries. However, the interaction between FDV and corruption has a negative effect on FDI. This implies that FDV followed by an increase in corruption tends to reduce FDI inflows. These results encourage policymakers to address issues regarding the joint impact of FDV and corruption on FDI in developing countries.
AcknowledgmentThe authors would like to express their gratitude to three anonymous reviewers and seminar participants at Mulawarman University for their insightful comments.
The role of the university and post-graduation courses in improving health and life of quality of the society
Authors: Juliana Feltrin de Souza  , Leonardo Fernandes Cunha  , Eduardo Christiano Morais  , Eduardo Pizzatto  , Jessica Vavassori de Freitas  , Wellington Zaitter  , Flares Baratto-Filho
Published: June 2022

The relationship between health systems and higher education is of fundamental importance to establish oral health improvements for population. Currently, primary attention’s goal is to determine the quality of life of a given population through total denture rehabilitation. Thus the aim of this study was to report the integrated actions between the Health Secretary of the city of Curitiba and the University during the training in Total Denture of primary attention professionals. Fifty dental professional from nine sanitary districts of the city of Curitiba were enrolled in the training. The project comprised theoretical and practical classes during a period of five weeks, from June to July of 2013. More similar actions reinforce the university’s role in improving the quality of life of the population and the university integration with public service aiming at updating dental professionals.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane Cristina Kasprowicz
Published: June 2022

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Filling analysis of artificial lateral canals after main canal obturation through three different endodontic sealers
Authors: Tiago André Fontoura de Melo  , Denise Pereira Nunes  , Fernanda de Carvalho Modaffar Al-Alam  , Alexandre Azevedo Salles  , Renata Grazziotin Soares1
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the filling ability of lateral canals after main canal obturation through three different endodontic sealers. Material and methods: Thirty single-rooted pre-molars were used and, six lateral canals were constructed on proximal surfaces and arranged in pairs at 3, 5 and 7 mm from the apex. After chemo-mechanical preparation, with size #40 memory instrument, the teeth were randomly assigned to three experimental groups, according to the root canal sealer applied: Endofill® (group A), Sealer 26® (group B) and MTA Fillapex®(group C). In all groups, we used active lateral condensation technique with gutta-percha associated with sealer. After obturation, the teeth were radiographed at buccolingual direction and the images were digitized. The analysis of endodontic sealer plug near the lateral canals was performed by calculating the area through Image Tool®software. Results and Conclusion: The data were subjected to parametric (Anova), and nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) tests, with significance level of 5%. There was no difference among the tested sealers for filling the lateral canals. Concerning to the positions of lateral canals, no differences were also found among sealer types, except at 7 mm from the apex, where MTA Fillapex® showed a significantly greater filling than Sealer 26®.
Accuracy evaluation of three electronic apex locators in teeth with immature apices
Authors: Bruno Martini Guimarães  , Marcelo de Morais Vitoriano  , Claudio Maniglia-Ferreira  , Fabio de Almeida-Gomes  , Marina Angélica Marciano  , Clovis Monteiro Bramante  , Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
Published: June 2022

The aim of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX, iPex and YS-RZ-A apex locators in tooth with incomplete apices. Material and methods: Thirty human mandibular pre-molars without dental caries, fracture and with 1-3mm apical diameter and ¾ of root development stage were used. After coronal access, tooth length was determined with the visualization of a K-file, compatible with the root canal diameter, at the apex. To determine the root canal length using electronic methods, the teeth were included in alginate. The 30 teeth were measured with the three apex locators until achieving the apex foramen. During the measurement, the canals were inundated with 1% sodium hypochlorite. Statistical analysis was performed using Qui-square test (p < 0.05).Results: The Root ZX apex locator showed the higher accuracy (53.3%), with statistical difference in relation to iPex apex locator (33.3%) and YS-RZ-A apex locator (26.7%) (p < 0.05). Regarding the security limit of ±1 mm, the Root ZX apex locator did not show statistical difference in comparison with iPex apex locator (p > 0.05), but both were statistically different in relation to YS-RZ-A apex locator (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The results showed that all the studied apex locators were efficient in determining the root canal length in tooth with incomplete apex, considering the tolerance of ±1 mm. The Root ZX apex locator showed the highest accuracy with 100% of agreement.
Shear bond strength of brackets bonded with nanofilled flowable resins
Authors: Danielle Rodrigues Morais  , Alexa Helena Köhler Moresca  , Estela Maris Losso  , Alexandre Moro  , Ricardo Cesar Moresca  , Gisele Maria Correr
Published: June 2022

To evaluate the shear bond strength of brackets fixed with different materials (two light-cured nanofilled low-viscosity resins – Transbond Supreme LV and Flow Tain LV and two light-cured traditional resins – Transbond XT and Transbond Plus Color Change) after 10 min and 24 h, and to evaluate the type of failure. Material and methods: Eighty bovine incisors were selected and randomly divided into groups (n = 10) according to the material and fixation period. The brackets were bonded following the manufacturer's instructions and stored in deionized water at 37oC for 10 min or 24 h. After, the specimens were submitted to shear bond strength test at 0.5 mm/min and evaluated for adhesive remnant index (ARI). The data were submitted to Kruskal Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05) and the ARI scores to Chi-Square test. Results: There was a significant difference among the materials (p < 0.05) (after 10 min – Transbond XT > Transbond Plus Color Change > Transbond Supreme LV = Flow Tain LV and after 24 h – Transbond XT > Transbond Plus Color Change = Transbond Supreme LV =Flow Tain LV). There was no significant difference in resistance values between 10 min and 24 h, except for Transbond Plus Color Change. Most groups showed adhesive remaining adhered to the enamel (scores 2 and 3) without statistical significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The light-cured traditional resins showed higher resistance than the nanofilled materials. The period of fixation had no influence on the resistance for different materials, except for Transbond Plus Color Change.
Evaluation of graduate dental students’ knowledge on the therapeutic approach of dental avulsion
Authors: Tiago André Fontoura de Melo  , Cíntia Muniz Couto
Published: June 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge level of students graduate in Dentistry of São Leopoldo Mandic/SP – Porto Alegre/RS on the therapeutic approach in cases of dental avulsion. Material and methods: For this, we applied a questionnaire to graduate students. Of the 214 students enrolled at the institution, 159 (74%) answered the questions. Results and Conclusion: Through analysis of the responses, it could be observed that, while 99.37% of participants have already received instructions about the subject, there was significant variability of opinions. With the application of Chi-square test, at a significance level of 5%, it could be observed that there was no significant difference in responses regarding to the time of graduation. As for the type of splinting, the professionals who graduated between 5 to 10 years were associated with the use of semi-rigid splint and those who graduate after more than 10 years with the rigid splint.
Compound odontoma associated with dentigerous cyst in the anterior mandible – case report
Authors: Radamés Bezerra Melo  , Yuri Edward de Souza Damasceno  , Celio Armando Couto da Cunha Junior  , Igor Vasconcelos Pontes
Published: June 2022

The dentigerous cyst, also called a follicular cyst is an odontogenic cyst that develops in association with crown of an impacted tooth, predominantly in mandibular third molars of young patients. The Odontoma is a ectomesenquimal tumor of unknown origin that are more considered developmental malformations (harmatomas) than benign neoplasms. Occasionally, the dentigerous cyst is associated with odontoma. Objective: The article aims to report a case of surgical treatment of dentigerous cyst associated with compound odontoma and unerupted tooth in anterior region of the mandible. Case report: A male patient, 17 years of age, without systemic changes, was sent to the Center for Dental Specialties of Horizonte, Ceará, Brazil, specialty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, for diagnosis and treatment of oral lesions visualized after periapical radiographic examination to determine failed eruption of element 42. Observing the periapical radiograph it was possible to visualize radiopaque lesion suggestive of a compound odontoma and a cystic capsule in association with the element 42. A panoramic radiograph was requested and it was planned a surgical removal of odontoma with curettage of bone cavity and removing the cystic capsule and element 42. There were no significant postoperative complications, the suture removal was performed 7 days after surgery where it was possible to observe a good healing, no swelling and no paresthesia. Conclusion: The treatment of choice is surgical excision of the lesions with the tooth associated to the cyst, it should be performed with proper planning, avoiding injury to vital structures and should not be delayed in order to avoid possible occlusion sequelae.
Determination of final occlusal vertical dimension by cephalometric analysis
Authors: Eduardo Christiano Caregnatto Morais  , Bárbara Pick Ornaghi  , Ana Paula Sponchiado  , João César Zielak  , Rogério Goulart da Costa  , Marcio José Fraxino Bindo  , Edson Alves de Campos
Published: June 2022

Most of techniques for determining the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of edentulous patients are based on soft tissues references, which lead to measurement discrepancies. Objective: To propose a method to obtain the OVD of edentulous patients during the confection of complete dentures considering the lower facial height established by Ricketts (LFHr) or the lower facial height obtained from cephalometric analysis of dentulous patients (LFHd). Material and methods: The OVD of 11 edentulous patients was determined by the association of 3 clinical methods. On each patient’s bite plates a metallic ball was fixed and the patient was submitted to lateral radiographic to obtain the lower facial height (LFHe) from cephalometric analysis. Additionally, from 40 lateral cephalograms of dentulous patients the LFHd was obtained. After that, the distance between metallic balls (DMB, in mm) was calculated to verify the linear difference when LFHe was changed to LFHd or LFHr, which provided the amount of wax to be added or removed from the bite plates, establishing a new method of OVD determination. LFHe, LFHd and LFHr values were submitted to t e z statistical tests and DMB differences were analyzed by Student’s t-test (α=0.05). Results: LFHr (47.0±4.0o a) was statistically higher than LFHd (44.9±5.6o b) and LFHe (43.5±3.5o b). There was statistical difference on linear discrepancies calculated between the LFHe and LFHd (1.7±4.1mm a) or LFHr (4.2±4.1mm b). Conclusion: The use of the cephalometric analysis showed to be a useful auxiliary tool in determining the intermaxillary relationship. However, this method must be associated with different clinical methods of OVD determination and it is recommended that regional references are used to calculate the linear discrepancies.
In vitro effectiveness of different substances in decontamination of intracanal metallic post
Authors: Humberto Ramah Menezes de Matos  , Ana Karine Duarte Maia  , Cinthya Braga Alves Teixeira  , Fábio de Almeida Gomes  , Claudio Maniglia-Ferreira  , Márcia Maria de Negreiros Pinto Rocha  , Eduardo Diogo Gurgel Filho
Published: June 2022

The intracanal metallic post, for many years, was the most used intracanal retainer and the best choice to restore endodontically treated teeth, showing until today high rates of success scientifically proven, good adaptation at the configuration of the root canal and resistance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some chemical substances in the decontamination of these intracanal metallic posts. Material and methods: Twenty intracanal metallic posts were divided into 6 experimental groups and 1 control group with 3 specimens each. The groups were divided into G1 (apple cider vinegar), G2 (0.12% chlorhexidine liquid), G3 (2% chlorhexidine gel), G4 (70° ethyl alcohol), G5 (2.5% sodium hypochlorite), and G6 (2% glutaraldehyde). For the control group was used saline solution. Each intracanal metallic post was submerged in your respective substance for 3 minutes and subjected to a smear dried sterile gauze. Immediately after this procedure the specimens were individually placed into tubes containing culture medium broth Brain Heart Infusion (BHI). The set of tubes containing the intracanal metallic post submerged in BHI were taken to the dry out machine and kept there at 37ºC for 48 hours. Results: The tubes that showed turbidity of BHI broth were considered positive, or contaminated. Conclusion: The methodology used in this study showed that all the disinfectants substances utilized were effective in decontaminating of the metallic post.
Curing depth of a silorane-based resin composite
Authors: Guilherme Saintive Cardia  , Sérgio Kiyoshi Ishikiriama  , Ana Flávia Sanches Borges  , Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti  , Adilson Yoshio Furuse  , Paulo Afonso Silveira Francisconi
Published: June 2022

The silorane-based resin appears aiming to minimize the effects of polymerization shrinkage, but other properties must be studied. Objective: To evaluate the polymerization depth of two composites with different organic matrix. Material and methods:80 cylindrical specimens were prepared using a metallic matrix, with three layers (top, middle and bottom), 1 mm high and 5 mm in diameter. The specimens were divided into eight groups (n = 10) according to the composite resins: Filtek P90 (3M/ESPE); Filtek Z250 (3M/ESPE), light-cured with a LED device with different irradiance and times (600mW/cm2 x 40s, 1000mW/cm2 x 40s, 1000mW/cm2 x 20s; 1400mW/cm2 x 20s). The irradiance was controlled by placing plastic rings coupled to the device’s tip. Immediately after polymerization, the specimens’ layers were separated and five Knoop microhardness readings (initial hardness) were performed on each one of the four layers (0, 1, 2, and 3 mm). After 7 day storage in water at 37ºC, new readings were performed (final microhardness). The data were analyzed by four-way ANOVA (resin, energy density, depth and time) and Tukey test (α = 0.05). Results: The microhardness decreased with the depth increasing both in the initial and 7 day readings. The hardness increased with the highest power densities. The resin P90 had lower hardness values. Conclusion: The silorane-based resin showed Knoop microhardness values significant smaller than those of methacrylate-based resin in almost all evaluated parameters. However, both presented similar behaviors in relation to the curing depth.
Symptomatic mucous retention cysts of the maxillary sinus: case report
Authors: Eduardo Sanches Gonçales  , Andréia Guedes Barreto Gonçales  , Emanuelle da Silva Lima  , Julierme Ferreira Rocha  , José Wilson Noleto  , Eduardo Hochuli-Vieira
Published: June 2022

The retention mucous cyst of the maxillary sinus is a benign lesion that occurs in the interior of the maxillary sinus due ductal obstruction. In the majority of the cases it is asymptomatic, and discovered on routine radiographic examinations. However, in some cases, this cyst can become large and cause symptoms as paresthesia, sensitivity to palpation, chronic headache, nasal blockage, and dizziness. Conservative treatment is conduct in most cases. Symptomatic retention cysts are treated by enucleation or curettage. Objective and case report: This study aimed to report a clinical case of symptomatic mucous retention cyst accidentally discovered in a patient treated by surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Conclusion: The curettage of the cyst allowed for the regression of symptoms and at 12 months postoperatively the patient is free of symptoms and no signs of recurrence of lesion were noted.
Analysis of the time required for dissolving the pulp tissue according to different methods of sodium hypochlorite activation
Authors: Ana Luíza Leichtweis  , Tiago André Fontoura de Melo  , Gustavo Golgo Kunert
Published: June 2022

To analyze the time required to dissolute the pulp tissue under different methods of sodium hypochlorite activation. Material and methods: 30 bovine pulp fragments, with an approximate volume of 45 ± 5 mg were divided into three experimental groups (n = 10). In group 1, only the fragments were immersed in 15 ml of 2.5%sodium hypochlorite. In group 2, the irrigant was manually stirred with an endodontic instrument type K size 40. In group 3, we used the ultrasonic insert n.39, driven by ultrasound device Jet Sonic Total. The time required for total dissolution of bovine tissue was measured and recorded for statistical analysis. Results and Conclusion: According to analysis of variance (Anova), with p<0.05, Group 1 showed significantly higher dissolution time than Groups 2 and 3. Moreover, no difference between the use of ultrasound and manual activation of the irrigating solution was found.
Prevalence of oral diseases, socioeconomic indicators, and provision of dental services: exploring nexus
Authors: Marilisa Carneiro Leão Gabardo  , Carolina Dea Bruzamolin  , João Armando Brancher  , Samuel Jorge Moysés
Published: June 2022

A number of studies have associated prevalence of oral diseases, socioeconomic factors, and dental services in Brazil, and this study aimed to review, in narrative mode, the causal nexus between them. Literature review: The high prevalence of dental problems such as caries and periodontal disease is still found worldwide, despite the significant reduction. The impacts resulting from tooth loss are not limited to the physical condition, but also to the social aspects. The association between oral diseases and microbiological and hygiene factors is recognized, but deficient as explanatory power. The discussion of correlated factors, associated with the development of relevant oral diseases and marking existing inequities, must be expanded. Conclusion: The factors studied showed an involvement, indicating that inequities in oral health are striking in the Brazilian population, with serious consequences. Efforts are needed to control and modify this context.
Thermoplastic endodontic obturation – TC system: case report
Authors: Kauhanna Vianna de Oliveira  , Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho  , Beatriz Serrato Coelho  , Rodrigo Otavio Jatahy Ferreira do Amaral  , Bruno Marques da Silva  , Flares Baratto Filho  , Denise Piotto Leonardi
Published: June 2022

The TC system, developed in 2002, allows the endodontic filling by means of a non-conventional technique that uses gutta-percha at alpha phase, thermoplasticized in its own oven, placed into canal through a McSpadden compactor, without using a main cone. Objective: The aim of this case report was to show the TC system used for root canal filling. Case report: Three teeth of a patient was indicated for endodontic treatment, so TC system was used for the root filling. Conclusion: This technique showed to be effective for the root canal filling.
Updates on the Synthetic Strategies and Structure-Activity Relationship of
Anticonvulsant Benzothiazole and Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Chauhan Bharti , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Singh Himanshu , Yadav Ranjeet Kumar , Abdullah Mohd. Mustaqeem
Published: June 2022

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by periodic and unpredictable seizures
affecting the neurobiological, psychological, cognitive, economic, and social well-being of patients.
It is one of the causes of concern in developed as well as developing countries as currently marketed
drugs are not capable of providing protection against it. Although several heterocyclic moieties have been
frequently used as building blocks for the preparation of anticonvulsant drugs, more focused and consistent
research on the synthesis of potential molecules with less adverse effects is the need of the hour. It
can be concluded on the basis of available research reports that among several heterocyclic compounds,
benzo-fused five-membered heterocyclic moieties (benzothiazole and benzimidazole) have been utilized
far less than their great potential as building blocks for the synthesis of anticonvulsant drugs. Various
reports clearly established that the required pharmacophore model could be easily achieved through benzothiazole
and benzimidazole moieties as two hetero atoms and aryl rings are present in the structure. The
present study highlights various synthetic approaches for anticonvulsant benzothiazole and benzimidazole
derivatives with their structure-activity relationship studies in order to provide a trove of knowledge to
medicinal chemists for future research.
Usefulness of High-Resolution Computed Tomography in Early Diagnosis
of Patients with Suspected COVID-19
Authors: Zurita-Cruz Jessie , Ronzón-Ronzón Alma Angélica , Salinas Brenda Aida Acevedo , Chapol José Agustín Mata , Soto Valdez Dalia María , Sánchez Silvia Refugio , Martínez Briceida López , Parra-Ortega Israel
Published: June 2022

Background:

Diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly based on
molecular testing. General population studies have shown that chest Computed Tomography (CT)
can also be useful.

Objective:

The study aims to examine the usefulness of high-resolution chest CT for early diagnosis
of patients with suspected COVID-19.

Design And Setting:

This is a cross-sectional study from May 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, at the
COVID Hospital, Mexico City.

Methods:

This study examined the clinical, high-resolution chest CT imaging, and laboratory data
of 160 patients who were suspected to have COVID-19. Patients with positive Reverse Transcription-
Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing and those with negative RT-PCR testing but
clinical data compatible with COVID-19 and positive antibody testing were considered to have
COVID-19 (positive). Sensitivity and specificity of CT for diagnosis of COVID-19 were calculated.
p < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

Median age of 160 study patients was 58 years. The proportion of patients with groundglass
pattern was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in those without COVID
(65.1% versus 0%; P = 0.005). COVID-19 was ruled out in sixteen (11.1%). Only four of the 132
patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (3.0%) did not show CT alterations (p < 0.001). Sensitivity
and specificity of CT for COVID-19 diagnosis were 96.7% and 42.8%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Chest CT can identify patients with COVID-19, as characteristic disease patterns
are observed on CT in the early disease stage.
Mitoresilience: Hormesis, Psycho-physical Resilience, Mitochondria and
Heart Rate Variability as Relevant Interplaying Elements in Longevity
Medicine
Authors: Cavezzi Attilio , Colucci Roberto , d’Errico Giovanni
Published: June 2022

Psycho-biological resilience is considered one of the most important factors in the epigenetics
of aging. Cell senescence exhibits a series of possible biochemical derangements concerning
mitochondria, proteasome, genome and membranes. Research has shown that resilience can be
acquired through hormesis, a set of conservative and adaptive processes based on biphasic doseresponse
to specific mild stressors, such as fasting, intake of polyphenols, exercising, physical and
chemical stress and mental engagement. These stimuli were shown to elicit beneficial cellular metabolic
pathways, such as sirtuin activation, mechanistic target of rapamycin and insulin growth factor-
1 downregulation, nuclear related factor 2 upregulation and autophagy. The complex of these
resilience-building processes plays a documented role in longevity. Mitochondria are regarded as
one of the core actors of aging processes and represent the main target of hormetic approaches
[mitohormesis]; furthermore, the influence of the mind on mitochondria, and thus on the balance of
health and disease has been recently established, leading to the so-called mitochondria psychobiology.
Hence, psychologic and physical stress that reflects on these organelles may be regarded as a
relevant factor in cell senescence, and thus the proposed “mitoresilience“ denomination may be
pertinent within the biomedical science of aging. Finally, the quantification of individual resilience
is becoming increasingly important in aging science, and the investigation of the autonomic nervous
system through heart rate variability (HRV) proved to be a valid method to quantify this parameter.
In conclusion, an integrated approach targeting hormetic pathways to improve psychophysical
resilience (namely mitoresilience), supported by the monitoring of HRV, may represent a
valuable option in longevity medicine.
Parasitic Weeds of Jordan: Species, Hosts, Distribution and Management Part 2
Authors: Said Qasem Jamal Ragheb
Published: June 2022

This book introduces the most recent research findings on selected parasitic weeds that occur in Jordan and are also spread in Middle Eastern countries. It is a valuable source of information for researchers, students as well as farmers, giving readers a better understanding of these regional parasites and their unusual growth patterns. The book set consists of two volumes. The first volume includes information about genera which are typically known as root parasites. These genera are Orobanchaceae, Santalaceae, and Cynomoriaceae families. The second volume covers stem parasites of the Cuscutaceae, Loranthaceae and Viscaceae families. The detailed information presented in this set makes this an essential reference on weeds and parasitic plants in Jordan and Middle Eastern regions. Key Features: - Chapters cover the biology, ecology, distribution, economic significance, host ranges, and control methods of a variety of regional weeds in an organized way - It includes information on parasitic families, genera and species that are found in Jordanian flora and their hosts. - It also provides coloured photos of weeds - Presents the latest techniques for plant pest management - Provides references for further reading - Includes a glossary and appendix suitable for beginners.
Lantana Toxicity in Grazing Cattle
Authors: Govindaiah Kavitha , Biradar Rajashekar , Gupta Venkatesha M Dasappa , Munivenkatappa Byregowda S
Published: June 2022

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Aspectos generales del cultivo de café en Cundinamarca
Authors: Gómez Vargas Yolanda , Pedraza Rute Rafael Antonio , Gómez Latorre Douglas Andrés , Villagrán Munar Edwin Andrés , Numa Vergel Stephanie Johana , Santos Díaz Adriana Marcela , Ureña Sosa Diego Fernando , Gómez Rodríguez Katherine
Published: June 2022

Esta publicación le brinda al productor, en un lenguaje natural de fácil entendimiento, algunos aspectos clave para el cultivo de café. Está enfocado en temáticas como el clima, el uso de suelo, las plagas y las enfermedades, con conocimientos actualizados con el fin de mejorar las prácticas en su actividad productiva.
Aspectos generales del cultivo de caña de azúcar para la producción panelera en Cundinamarca
Authors: Rodríguez Giraldo Yeni , Numa Vergel Stephanie Johana , Pedraza Rute Rafael Antonio , Santos Díaz Adriana Marcela , Ureña Sosa Diego Fernando , Gómez Latorre Douglas Andrés , Villagrán Munar Edwin Andrés , Gómez Vargas Yolanda , Gómez Rodríguez Katherine
Published: June 2022

Esta publicación le brinda al productor, en un lenguaje natural de fácil entendimiento, algunos aspectos clave para el cultivo de caña panelera. Está enfocado en temáticas como el clima, el uso de suelo, las plagas y las enfermedades, con conocimientos actualizados con el fin de mejorar las prácticas en su actividad productiva.
Aspectos generales del cultivo de pastos en Cundinamarca
Authors: Navarrete Fernández Andrea , Pedraza Rute Rafael Antonio , Santos Díaz Adriana Marcela , Ureña Sosa Diego Fernando , Gómez Latorre Douglas Andrés , Gómez Rodríguez Katherine , Villagrán Munar Edwin Andrés , Numa Vergel Stephanie Johana , Gómez Vargas Yolanda
Published: June 2022

Esta publicación le brinda al productor, en un lenguaje natural de fácil entendimiento, algunos aspectos clave para el cultivo de pastos. Está enfocado en temáticas como el clima, el uso de suelo, las plagas y las enfermedades, con conocimientos actualizados con el fin de mejorar las prácticas en su actividad productiva.
Medication-Wide Association Study Using Electronic Health Record Data of Prescription Medication Exposure and Multifetal Pregnancies: Retrospective Study
Authors: Davidson Lena , Canelón Silvia P , Boland Mary Regina
Published: June 2022

Background

Medication-wide association studies (MWAS) have been applied to assess the risk of individual prescription use and a wide range of health outcomes, including cancer, acute myocardial infarction, acute liver failure, acute renal failure, and upper gastrointestinal ulcers. Current literature on the use of preconception and periconception medication and its association with the risk of multiple gestation pregnancies (eg, monozygotic and dizygotic) is largely based on assisted reproductive technology (ART) cohorts. However, among non-ART pregnancies, it is unknown whether other medications increase the risk of multifetal pregnancies.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the risk of multiple gestational births (eg, twins and triplets) following preconception and periconception exposure to prescription medications in patients who delivered at Penn Medicine.

Methods

We used electronic health record data between 2010 and 2017 on patients who delivered babies at Penn Medicine, a health care system in the Greater Philadelphia area. We explored 3 logistic regression models: model 1 (no adjustment); model 2 (adjustment for maternal age); and model 3—our final logistic regression model (adjustment for maternal age, ART use, and infertility diagnosis). In all models, multiple births (MBs) were our outcome of interest (binary outcome), and each medication was assessed separately as a binary variable. To assess our MWAS model performance, we defined ART medications as our gold standard, given that these medications are known to increase the risk of MB.

Results

Of the 63,334 distinct deliveries in our cohort, only 1877 pregnancies (2.96%) were prescribed any medication during the preconception and first trimester period. Of the 123 medications prescribed, we found 26 (21.1%) medications associated with MB (using nominal P values) and 10 (8.1%) medications associated with MB (using Bonferroni adjustment) in fully adjusted model 3. We found that our model 3 algorithm had an accuracy of 85% (using nominal P values) and 89% (using Bonferroni-adjusted P values).

Conclusions

Our work demonstrates the opportunities in applying the MWAS approach with electronic health record data to explore associations between preconception and periconception medication exposure and the risk of MB while identifying novel candidate medications for further study. Overall, we found 3 novel medications linked with MB that could be explored in further work; this demonstrates the potential of our method to be used for hypothesis generation.
Assessing Information Available for Health Professionals and Potential Participants on Lung Cancer Screening Program Websites: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Dodd Rachael H , Zhang Chenyue , Sharman Ashleigh R , Carlton Julie , Tang Ruijin , Rankin Nicole M
Published: June 2022

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated recommendations for lung cancer screening in 2021, adjusting the age of screening to 50 years (from 55 years) and reducing the number of pack-years used to estimate total firsthand cigarette smoke exposure to 20 (from 30). With many individuals using the internet to find health care information, it is important to understand what information is available for individuals contemplating lung cancer screening.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the eligibility criteria and information available on lung cancer screening program websites for both health professionals and potential screening participants.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 151 lung cancer screening program websites of academic (n=76) and community medical centers (n=75) in the United States with information for health professionals and potential screening participants was conducted in March 2021. Presentation of eligibility criteria for potential screening participants and presence of information available specific to health professionals about lung cancer screening were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included presentation of information about cost and smoking cessation, inclusion of an online risk assessment tool, mention of any clinical guidelines, and use of multimedia to present information.

Results

Eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening was included in nearly all 151 websites (n=142, 94%), as well as age range (n=139, 92.1%) and smoking history (n=141, 93.4%). Age was only consistent with the latest recommendations in 14.5% (n=22) of websites, and no websites had updated smoking history. Half the websites (n=76, 50.3%) mentioned screening costs as related to the type of insurance held. A total of 23 (15.2%) websites featured an online assessment tool to determine eligibility. The same proportion (n=23, 15.2%) hosted information specifically for health professionals. In total, 44 (29.1%) websites referred to smoking cessation, and 46 (30.5%) websites used multimedia to present information, such as short videos or podcasts.

Conclusions

Most websites of US lung cancer screening programs provide information about eligibility criteria, but this is not consistent and has not been updated across all websites following the latest USPSTF recommendations. Online resources require updating to present standardized information that is accessible for all.
Investigating the Potential for Clinical Decision Support in Sub-Saharan Africa With AFYA (Artificial Intelligence-Based Assessment of Health Symptoms in Tanzania): Protocol for a Prospective, Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Schmude Marcel , Salim Nahya , Azadzoy Hila , Bane Mustafa , Millen Elizabeth , O’Donnell Lisa , Bode Philipp , Türk Ewelina , Vaidya Ria , Gilbert Stephen
Published: June 2022

Background

Low- and middle-income countries face difficulties in providing adequate health care. One of the reasons is a shortage of qualified health workers. Diagnostic decision support systems are designed to aid clinicians in their work and have the potential to mitigate pressure on health care systems.

Objective

The Artificial Intelligence–Based Assessment of Health Symptoms in Tanzania (AFYA) study will evaluate the potential of an English-language artificial intelligence–based prototype diagnostic decision support system for mid-level health care practitioners in a low- or middle-income setting.

Methods

This is an observational, prospective clinical study conducted in a busy Tanzanian district hospital. In addition to usual care visits, study participants will consult a mid-level health care practitioner, who will use a prototype diagnostic decision support system, and a study physician. The accuracy and comprehensiveness of the differential diagnosis provided by the diagnostic decision support system will be evaluated against a gold-standard differential diagnosis provided by an expert panel.

Results

Patient recruitment started in October 2021. Participants were recruited directly in the waiting room of the outpatient clinic at the hospital. Data collection will conclude in May 2022. Data analysis is planned to be finished by the end of June 2022. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions

Most diagnostic decision support systems have been developed and evaluated in high-income countries, but there is great potential for these systems to improve the delivery of health care in low- and middle-income countries. The findings of this real-patient study will provide insights based on the performance and usability of a prototype diagnostic decision support system in low- or middle-income countries.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04958577; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04958577

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/34298
Understanding How and by Whom COVID-19 Misinformation is Spread on Social Media: Coding and Network Analyses
Authors: Zhao Yuehua , Zhu Sicheng , Wan Qiang , Li Tianyi , Zou Chun , Wang Hao , Deng Sanhong
Published: June 2022

Background

During global health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid spread of misinformation on social media has occurred. The misinformation associated with COVID-19 has been analyzed, but little attention has been paid to developing a comprehensive analytical framework to study its spread on social media.

Objective

We propose an elaboration likelihood model–based theoretical model to understand the persuasion process of COVID-19–related misinformation on social media.

Methods

The proposed model incorporates the central route feature (content feature) and peripheral features (including creator authority, social proof, and emotion). The central-level COVID-19–related misinformation feature includes five topics: medical information, social issues and people’s livelihoods, government response, epidemic spread, and international issues. First, we created a data set of COVID-19 pandemic–related misinformation based on fact-checking sources and a data set of posts that contained this misinformation on real-world social media. Based on the collected posts, we analyzed the dissemination patterns.

Results

Our data set included 11,450 misinformation posts, with medical misinformation as the largest category (n=5359, 46.80%). Moreover, the results suggest that both the least (4660/11,301, 41.24%) and most (2320/11,301, 20.53%) active users are prone to sharing misinformation. Further, posts related to international topics that have the greatest chance of producing a profound and lasting impact on social media exhibited the highest distribution depth (maximum depth=14) and width (maximum width=2355). Additionally, 97.00% (2364/2437) of the spread was characterized by radiation dissemination.

Conclusions

Our proposed model and findings could help to combat the spread of misinformation by detecting suspicious users and identifying propagation characteristics.