bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of a Buccal Space Mass: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Karatzanis Alexander , Velegrakis Stylianos , Liva Georgia , Kyrmizakis Dionysios , Prokopakis Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Background. Buccal space tumors constitute rare pathologies with significant histological diversity. They may pose serious diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for the head and neck surgeon. Methods. A case of buccal space tumor diagnosed and treated in a tertiary center is presented. Clinical presentation, imaging, and surgical approach are discussed, followed by review of the literature. Results. A 79-year-old male patient with a slowly growing painless mass on the right cheek presented to a head and neck reference center. Imaging revealed a tumor of the right buccal space with nonspecific characteristics. Imaging studies revealed extended infiltration of the masseter muscle as well as the anterior border of the parotid gland. FNA biopsy was performed but was nondiagnostic. The decision of surgical excision with a modified parotidectomy incision was taken. The lesion was completely excised with preservation of neighboring facial nerve branches and ipsilateral Stensen’s duct. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological examination showed CLL/Lymphoma, and the patient was referred to the hematology department for staging and further management. Conclusion. Differential diagnosis of buccal space masses is very diverse. Despite challenges in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, these entities may be managed surgically with minimal morbidity.
Improving Grain Micronutrient Content of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) through Agronomic Biofortification to Alleviate the Hidden Hunger
Authors: Melash Anteneh Agezew , Mengistu Dejene Kassahun
Published: December 2020

Improvement of durum wheat grain quality through agronomic biofortification becomes a priority research area and an effective route to combat malnutrition. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of micronutrient application to different varieties of durum wheat and seeding rate on final harvest grain quality under different growing locations. The treatments were arranged in split-split plot design where the varieties were assigned in the main plot, micronutrients into the subplots, and seeding rate into the sub-subplots. Each variety was sown at four levels of seeding rates and treated with ZnSO₄ and FeSO4 applied foliarly, both at a rate of 25 Kg ha−1 during flowering. Micronutrients were applied in the form of ZnSO₄ 7H2O and FeSO₄ 7H2O. The study confirmed that application of 25 Kg ha−1 ZnSO₄-containing fertilizer has increased mineral content from 33.04 mg Kg−1 to 56.73 mg kg−1. The tested durum wheat varieties significantly differ in their capacity to accumulate grain Zn and Fe concentrations. Higher amount of Zn (20 mg kg−1) and Fe (10 mg kg−1) were accumulated by the landrace 208304 than by Asassa, an improved commercial variety. Increasing seeding rate from 100–175 Kg ha−1 has reduced grain Zn and Fe concentrations. Grain mineral concentration was significantly lower at the Mekelle location than at the Melfa location. It can be concluded that foliar application of ZnSO₄ and FeSO4 to the landrace, acc.208304, combined with 125 Kg seeds ha−1 can produce better Zn and Fe denser durum wheat grain. This will help to combat the hidden hunger, especially in resource poor countries, where fortified foods are limited in access and unaffordable by small-scale farmers.
Panax Notoginseng Saponins Prevent Bone Loss by Promoting Angiogenesis in an Osteoporotic Mouse Model
Authors: Hu Hao , Chen Yan , Zou Zhiyuan , Li Liangping , Wei Fuxin , Liu Chun , Ling Zemin , Zou Xuenong
Published: December 2020

With the aging of the population and the extension of life expectancy, osteoporosis is becoming a global epidemic. Although there are several drugs used to treat osteoporosis in clinical practice, such as parathyroid hormone or bisphosphonates, they all have some serious side effects. Therefore, a safer drug is called for osteoporosis, especially for the prevention in the early stage of the disease, not only the treatment in the later stage. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used as anti‐ischemic drug due to its function on improving vascular circulation. In order to verify whether Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) could be used to prevent osteoporosis, ovariectomy (OVX) was induced in female C57BL/C6J mice, followed by orally administration with 40 mg/kg/d, 80 mg/kg/d, and 160 mg/kg/d of three different dosages of PNS for 9 weeks. Serum biochemical analysis, micro‐CT, histological evaluation, and immunostaining of markers of osteogenesis and angiogenesis were performed in the sham, osteoporotic (OVX), and treatment (OVX+PNS) groups. Micro‐CT and histological evaluation showed that compared to sham group, the bone mass of OVX group reduced significantly, while it was significantly restored in the moderate‐dose PNS (40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) treatment groups. The expression of CD31 and osteocalcin (OCN) in the bone tissue of treatment group also increased, suggesting that PNS activated osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which subsequently increased the bone mass. These results confirmed the potential function of PNS on the prevention of osteoporosis. However, in the high dose of PNS (160 mg/kg) group, the antiosteoportic effect had been eliminated, which also suggested the importance of proper dose of PNS for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Fallacies and Possible Remedies of the SYNTAX Score
Authors: He Yong-Ming , Shen Li , Ge Jun-Bo
Published: December 2020

Quite a few studies have revealed the clinical values regarding the outcome predictions in the cohort of the Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial and decision-making with the SYNTAX score. The Evaluation of Xience Everolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left-Main Revascularization (EXCEL) and Nordic-Baltic-British left main revascularization (NOBLE) studies are the largest international randomized studies so far, comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in the treatment of left main coronary artery disease. Unfortunately, both studies failed to validate the value of the SYNTAX score in the selection of revascularization strategies for patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD).. This scenario prompted us to reconsider the inherent fallacies of the SYNTAX score in its derivation. We pointed out eight fallacies for the SYNTAX score in this paper. A recently developed Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) score, available at http://www.catletscore.com, a novel angiographic scoring system, could be the remedies for the SYNTAX score.
Cauda Canis: Variation of a Tinel’s Sign for a Sciatic Nerve Tumor
Authors: George Keith , Burke Shane , Arkun Knarik , Riesenburger Ron
Published: December 2020

A patient with a prior history of intradural schwannoma and disc herniation presented with radicular pain after being hit in the thigh by a dog’s tail. She was worked up and found to have a tumor of her right sciatic nerve. The tumor was resected and histology was consistent with schwannoma. The dog’s tail acted as a Tinel’s sign maneuver and led to timely identification of her peripheral nerve tumor. Peripheral nerve schwannomas can present in unusual forms, and Tinel’s maneuver may be a useful tool in diagnosis.
LSTM-Based Traffic Load Balancing and Resource Allocation for an Edge System
Authors: Dlamini Thembelihle , Vilakati Sifiso
Published: December 2020

The massive deployment of small cell Base Stations (SBSs) empowered with computing capabilities presents one of the most ingenious solutions adopted for 5G cellular networks towards meeting the foreseen data explosion and the ultralow latency demanded by mobile applications. This empowerment of SBSs with Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) has emerged as a tentative solution to overcome the latency demands and bandwidth consumption required by mobile applications at the network edge. The MEC paradigm offers a limited amount of resources to support computation, thus mandating the use of intelligence mechanisms for resource allocation. The use of green energy for powering the network apparatuses (e.g., Base Stations (BSs), MEC servers) has attracted attention towards minimizing the carbon footprint and network operational costs. However, due to their high intermittency and unpredictability, the adoption of learning methods is a requisite. Towards intelligent edge system management, this paper proposes a Green-based Edge Network Management (GENM) algorithm, which is an online edge system management algorithm for enabling green-based load balancing in BSs and energy savings within the MEC server. The main goal is to minimize the overall energy consumption and guarantee the Quality of Service (QoS) within the network. To achieve this, the GENM algorithm performs dynamic management of BSs, autoscaling and reconfiguration of the computing resources, and on/off switching of the fast tunable laser drivers coupled with location-aware traffic scheduling in the MEC server. The obtained simulation results validate our analysis and demonstrate the superior performance of GENM compared to a benchmark algorithm.
The Effect of Multiple Autoclave Sterilization on the Cyclic Fatigue of Three Heat‐Treated Nickel‐Titanium Rotary Files: EdgeFile X7, Vortex Blue, and TRUShape
Authors: Sharroufna Reham , Mashyakhy Mohammed
Published: December 2020

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of repeated autoclave sterilization on the cyclic fatigue resistance of heat‐treated NiTi rotary endodontic instruments. Materials and Methods. Three NiTi rotary endodontic instruments (EdgeFile X7, EFX7 0.30/0.4; Vortex Blue, VB 0.30/0.4; and TRUShape, TS 0.30/0.6) were selected. Each group (n = 24 each) was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 12 each): sterilized instruments and nonsterilized instruments. The sterilized instruments were subjected to 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization. Twelve instruments from each different subgroups were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program (P < 0.05). Results. Sterilized and nonsterilized EFX7 files showed the highest NCF compared with other file subgroups. Comparing the results between sterilized and nonsterilized instruments for each type of files, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) only between sterilized and nonsterilized EFX7 files (1198 versus 755 NCF). The other instruments did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) in the mean NCF as a result of sterilization cycles (VB, 606 versus 568 NCF; TS, 487 versus 442 NCF). Conclusion. Repeated cycles of autoclave sterilization increased the NCF of the new heat‐treated files, with EFX7 showing statistically significant superior results compared with other files tested.
Identify Molecular Mechanisms of Jiangzhi Decoction on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhi Yin , Ye Ying , Zhang Miao , Ma Xing , Tie Hongyun , Ma Xiaokun , Zheng Ni , Xia Wei , Song Yanan
Published: December 2020

Background. Jiangzhi Decoction (JZD), a traditional herb mixture, has shown significant clinical efficacy against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics bring difficulty in deciphering its pharmacological mechanisms. Our study is aimed at identifying the core molecular mechanisms of JZD against NAFLD. Methods. The active ingredients were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID). The targets of those ingredients were identified using ChemMapper database based on 3D structure similarity. NAFLD‐related genes were searched from DisGeNET database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we performed protein‐protein interaction (PPI) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, and constructed pathway networks of “herbs‐active ingredients‐candidate targets” and identified the core molecular mechanisms and key active ingredients in the network. Also, molecular docking was carried out to predict the ligands of candidate targets using SwissDock. Finally, the human hepatic L02 cell line was used to establish the NAFLD model in vitro. The effect and key molecules were validated by Oil Red O staining, biochemical assays, and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Results. We found 147 active ingredients in JZD, 1285 targets of active ingredients, 401 NAFLD‐related genes, and 59 overlapped candidate targets of JZD against NAFLD. 22 core targets were obtained by PPI analysis. Finally, nuclear receptor transcription and lipid metabolism regulation were found as the core molecular mechanisms of JZD against NAFLD by functional enrichment analysis. The candidate targets PPARα and LXRα were both docked with hyperin as the most favorable interaction, and HNF4α was docked with linolenic acid ethyl ester. According to in vitro experiments, it was found that JZD had an inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and regulatory effects on cholesterol and triglycerides. Compared with OA group, the mRNA expression levels of PPARα and HNF4α were significantly upregulated in JZD group (P < 0.05), and LXRα was significantly downregulated (P < 0.001). Conclusion. JZD might alleviate hepatocyte steatosis by regulating some key molecules related to nuclear receptor transcription and lipid metabolism, such as PPARα, LXRα, and HNF4α. Our study will provide the scientific evidences of the clinical efficacy of JZD against NAFLD.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infection among Establishment-Based Female Sex Workers in Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemariam Shewangizaw , Nigusse Aderajew , Kebede Alemi
Published: December 2020

Introduction. In spite of the fact that female sex workers being regarded as core transmitters of sexually transmitted infections to the general population, previous studies undertaken around STIs in Ethiopia fail to consider this segment of the population. Hence, the present study investigated the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of STIs and the risk factors among FSWs in Adama Town, Ethiopia. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01, 2017, to April 30, 2017, in Adama Town. Three hundred ninety female sex workers were selected from 120 licensed drinking establishments by using simple random sampling technique. The interviewer-administered structured tool was used to collect data. Data were entered using EPI data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the outcome variable. Result. Among the requested 423 female sex workers, 390 willingly responded to the interviewer-administered structured questionnaires making a response rate of 92.2%. One hundred thirty-nine (35.6%, 95% CI (33.8%–37.4%) of the female sex workers reported one or more STI symptoms. Several risk factors were identified including inconsistent condom use with a nonpaying client (AOR = 5.43, 95% CI: 2.73, 10.80), alcohol use before sex (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.35, 4.30), longer duration of sex work (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.26, 4.08), and having poor knowledge of STIs (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.31, 4.54). Conclusion. Self-reported symptom of STI among female sex workers in Adama Town is relatively high when compared with previous studies. Hence, health education programs should address the issue of inconsistent condom use with nonpaying clients, alcohol consumption before sex, and knowledge of STIs, with a particular emphasis on those female sex workers who stayed longer in the business.
Ensemble Framework of Deep CNNs for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection
Authors: Jinfeng Gao , Qummar Sehrish , Junming Zhang , Ruxian Yao , Khan Fiaz Gul
Published: December 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease that damages the blood vessels of the eye. DR causes blurred vision or it may lead to blindness if it is not detected in early stages. DR has five stages, i.e., 0 normal, 1 mild, 2 moderate, 3 severe, and 4 PDR. Conventionally, many hand-on projects of computer vision have been applied to detect DR but cannot code the intricate underlying features. Therefore, they result in poor classification of DR stages, particularly for early stages. In this research, two deep CNN models were proposed with an ensemble technique to detect all the stages of DR by using balanced and imbalanced datasets. The models were trained with Kaggle dataset on a high-end Graphical Processing data. Balanced dataset was used to train both models, and we test these models with balanced and imbalanced datasets. The result shows that the proposed models detect all the stages of DR unlike the current methods and perform better compared to state-of-the-art methods on the same Kaggle dataset.
Evaluation of Reducing Ability and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit Pomace Extracts by Spectrophotometric and Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Vasyliev Georgii S. , Vorobyova Victoria I. , Linyucheva Olga V.
Published: December 2020

The component profiles of apricot, grape, and black currant pomace extracts have been analyzed using HPLC coupled to diode-array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). The predominant components in grape, apricot, and black currant pomace extracts were phenolic acids and flavonols. The redox behavior of apricot, black currant, and grape pomace water extracts was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry. Also, individual substances mainly present in the extracts were analyzed. The results of electrochemical testing were compared to traditional chemical techniques of potassium ferricyanide reduction (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum assay, and fair agreement was established. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays were applied in order to estimate antioxidant activity. The reducing power of the grape extract was found to be higher than that of the apricot and black currant extracts in both potassium ferricyanide reduction (FRAP) and phosphomolybdenum methods.
A Case of a Nonpetrous Cholesterol Granuloma Presenting as a Temporal Mass
Authors: Reeve Nathaniel , Kahane Jacob , Ng Matthew
Published: December 2020

Objective. A case of a skull base cholesterol granuloma (CG) of the squamosal temporal bone. This is the first ever reported case of CG in a well-pneumatized squamous temporal bone. Design. Case report and review of the literature. Discussion. CG is a cystic mass typically found in the petrous apex and occasionally in the paranasal sinuses and orbit. Experience with the treatment of these expansile and inflammatory processes has largely been garnered from those occurring in the petrous apex, where they are surgically drained, via a transtympanic, transmastoid, or middle fossa approach. We report a case of cholesterol granuloma situated in the temporal fossa presenting as a temporal mass. The accessible location of this particular lesion made it amenable to total excision, avoiding the need for surgical drainage and possibility for recurrence. Conclusion. This case supports the theory of pathogenesis of such lesions typically occurring where pneumatized air spaces interface with bone marrow, in this case, where the reaches of pneumatized cells in the squamous portion of the temporal bone meet diploic bone.
Effects of Symmetric and Asymmetric Nonlinearity on the Dynamics of a Third-Order Autonomous Duffing–Holmes Oscillator
Authors: Doubla Isaac Sami , Kengne Jacques , Wafo Tekam Raoul Blaise , Tabekoueng Njitacke Zeric , Sanjong Dagang Clotaire Thierry
Published: December 2020

A generalized third-order autonomous Duffing–Holmes system is proposed and deeply investigated. The proposed system is obtained by adding a parametric quadratic termmx2to the cubic nonlinear term−x3of an existing third-order autonomous Duffing–Holmes system. This modification allows the system to feature smoothly adjustable nonlinearity, symmetry, and nontrivial equilibria. A particular attention is given to the effects of symmetric and asymmetric nonlinearity on the dynamics of the system. For the specific case ofm=0, the system is symmetric and interesting phenomena are observed, namely, coexistence of symmetric bifurcations, presence of parallel branches, and the coexistence of four (periodic-chaotic) and six (periodic) symmetric attractors. Form≠0, the system loses its symmetry. This favors the emergence of other behaviors, such as the coexistence of asymmetric bifurcations, involving the coexistence of several asymmetric attractors (periodic-periodic or periodic-chaotic). All these phenomena have been numerically highlighted using nonlinear dynamic tools (bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, time series, frequency spectra, Poincaré section, cross sections of the attraction basins, etc.) and an analog computer of the system. In fact, PSpice simulations of the latter confirm numerical results. Moreover, amplitude control and synchronization strategies are also provided in order to promote the exploitation of the proposed system in engineering.
Anton Ghon and His Colleagues and Their Studies of the Primary Focus and Complex of Tuberculosis Infection and Their Relevance for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Donald Peter R. , Diacon Andreas H. , Thee Stephanie
Published: December 2020

Anton Ghon is well known in the field of childhood tuberculosis, and the tuberculosis primary focus and complex are frequently called the Ghon focus and complex; this is largely the result of the wide publication of the English translation of his monograph “Der primäre Lungenherd bei der Tuberkulose der Kinder.” Ghon’s studies are frequently quoted, but precise details of his monograph are neglected, his results often misquoted, and his later publications virtually unknown. This review highlights aspects of Ghon’s anatomical pathology studies in children and adults not necessarily dying of tuberculosis but with signs of tuberculosis infection. Ghon found a single primary tuberculosis focus in approximately 80% of tuberculosis-infected children situated close to the pleura in two-thirds of cases. Cavitation of the focus was common, and lymphatic spread involved lymph nodes in the abdomen and neck in many children. Studies amongst adults and children frequently found the healed primary tuberculosis focus to be completely calcified without histological signs of tuberculosis activity; however, particularly in the presence of pulmonary tuberculosis, histological signs of tuberculosis activity were often found in the lymph nodes of the angulus venosus, despite apparent healing with extensive calcification. Both earlier studies and more recent investigations, with molecular biological tools, unavailable to Ghon and earlier researchers, have confirmed the presence of viable mycobacteria in apparently normal or healed thoracic nodes and also found molecular biological indications of viable mycobacteria in these nodes. As suggested by Ghon, lympho-haematogenous spread of tuberculosis may be more common than is usually appreciated.
Five Decades of Enucleations for Uveal Melanoma in One Center: More Tumors with High Risk Factors, No Improvement in Survival over Time
Authors: Roelofsen Christine D.M. , Wierenga Annemijn P.A. , van Duinen Sjoerd , Verdijk Robert M. , Bleeker Jaco , Marinkovic Marina , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Jager Martine J.
Published: December 2020

Background: In order to improve medical care for uveal melanoma (UM) patients, we need to monitor disease and survival to guide our research efforts. We analyzed the data of UM patients who underwent an enucleation at the Leiden University Medical Center over the last five decades and investigated trends in patient and tumor characteristics and survival. Methods: Data were collected from charts and pathology reports from all patients who underwent an enucleation for UM between 1973 and 2019 (n = 1,212), of which 1,066 were primary enucleations; data were analyzed according to five time periods: 1973–1979 (n = 209), 1980–1989 (n = 148), 1990–1999 (n = 174), 2000–2009 (n = 280), and 2010–2019 (n = 401). Results: Over time, mean patient age at the time of enucleation for UM increased from 54.9 to 64.7 years (p < 0.001), more tumors showed histopathological involvement of the ciliary body (p < 0.001), and were classified in a high TNM/AJCC class (p < 0.001). Overall, the 5- and 10-year UM-related survival rates were 0.68 and 0.59, respectively. Over time, survival showed no change in patients with tumors in AJCC stages I or III, with recently a slightly worse survival in stage II UM (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Between 1973 and 2019, we found similar rates of UM-related survival following enucleation, although we noticed a strong increase in more unfavorable patient and tumor characteristics over time, such as an older age and larger tumor size. The lack of improvement indicates that more research should take place to develop adjuvant treatments to prevent metastases and efficient treatments once metastases develop.
Bronchiectasis in Severe Asthma: Does It Make a Difference?
Authors: Bendien Sarah Alice , van Loon-Kooij Stephanie , Kramer Gerdien , Huijgen Willemijn , Altenburg Josje , Ten Brinke Anneke , Maitland-van der Zee Anke-Hilse
Published: December 2020

Background: Asthma and bronchiectasis are 2 heterogeneous diseases that frequently coexist, particularly in severe asthma. Recognition of this co-diagnosis may importantly affect treatment decisions and outcome. Previous studies in asthma with bronchiectasis show inconsistent outcomes, probably due to the heterogeneity of the included asthma cohorts. Objectives: We hypothesized that bronchiectasis contributes to asthma severity and that patients with severe asthma and bronchiectasis present with distinct characteristics resulting in different treatable traits. In addition, we explored whether bronchiectasis in severe asthma is more common in a specific phenotype. Methods: This is a single-center study consecutively including patients with severe asthma from a tertiary referral center. Severe asthma was diagnosed according to the ATS/ERS guidelines. Asthma and infectious exacerbations were defined by the attending specialist as respiratory symptoms requiring treatment with systemic steroids or antibiotics, respectively. Two independent blinded radiologists evaluated each CT. Results: 19% of patients with severe asthma showed bronchiectasis on CT. Patients with bronchiectasis had a lower FEV1% predicted (p = 0.02) and FEV1/FVC (p = 0.004) and more infectious exacerbations (p = 0.003) compared to patients without bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is more common in patients with a longer duration of asthma, sensitization to A. fumigatus or a positive sputum culture. Sputum cultures of patients with severe asthma and bronchiectasis revealed more P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia, H. parainfluenzae, and A. fumigates compared to the non-bronchiectasis group. The adult-onset, eosinophilic asthma phenotype showed the highest prevalence of bronchiectasis (29.4%). Conclusions: Patients with severe asthma and coexisting bronchiectasis were found to represent a distinct group, in terms of disease severity, microbiology, and asthma phenotype. Performing (HR)CT and sputum cultures can help to identify these patients. These results can possibly contribute to early recognition and targeted treatment of this patient group.
Modelo de ensino-aprendizagem híbrido de alemão no Brasil: uma tendência contemporânea desafiadora?
Authors: Garcia André Luiz Ming , Redel Elisângela , Martiny Franciele Maria
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma pesquisa sobre crenças discentes a partir de dois cursos híbridos de alemão como língua estrangeira realizados por uma instituição de ensino de língua e cultura alemãs na cidade de São Paulo. Como arcabouço teórico, buscou-se apoio sobretudo em Barcelos (2001) e Almeida Filho (2013), entre outros autores dedicados às temáticas deste artigo. A metodologia de pesquisa apresenta análises qualitativas e quantitativas, baseadas em aplicação de questionário na perspectiva da Linguística Aplicada, focalizando as crenças dos estudantes a respeito do ensino a distância (modalidade EaD) antes e após a sua participação nos cursos. Constatamos que a busca por uma maior flexibilidade espaço-temporal e por uma redução nos custos de cursos tradicionais na modalidade exclusivamente presencial são fatores que motivaram a maior parte dos participantes da pesquisa a optarem pela modalidade EaD. Além disso, verificamos que parte da insatisfação com tal modalidade registrada dos entrevistados se deve a deficiências que eles identificaram na estrutura dos cursos e do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, sendo que a plataforma utilizada nem sempre oferece recursos suficientes para desenvolver a necessária autonomia do alunado. Tal cenário reflete a problematização do uso das tecnologias em prol do desenvolvimento adequado do ensino a distância, bem como a necessidade de formação docente a fim de que seja possível encarar os novos desafios para o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas na modalidade híbrida.
Zeitgeist: Modelando um projeto editorial com interface digital
Authors: Oliveira Paulo , Ledel Leandro
Published: December 2020

Apresentam-se aqui as linhas-mestres de um modelo para projeto editorial de materiais didáticos destinados ao ensino de alemão em contextos universitários no Brasil. Contemplam-se o ponto de vista editorial, questões técnicas ligadas ao uso de tecnologia digital e uma concepção de ensino-aprendizagem que dê conta de uma justificação teórica do modelo apresentado.
Mudando o ritmo das aulas de alemão como língua adicional por meio de músicas e mídias digitais
Authors: Aquino Marceli Cherchiglia
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de discutir e descrever estratégias didáticas durante a realização de um projeto de música em uma disciplina de língua alemã como língua adicional (LA) em contexto universitário. Tendo em vista a importância da inclusão de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) no ensino de LAs, bem como da promoção do pensamento crítico-reflexivo, focado nos interesses e necessidades da(o)s aluna(o)s de Letras, o projeto de música foi realizado na plataforma Kahoot. Concluímos que as atividades contribuíram para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em língua alemã, assim como para uma participação mais ativa e crítica por parte da(o)s estudantes.
A sinonímia entre as construções com os verbos-suporte bringen e kommen: um estudo com base na teoria da metáfora conceptual
Authors: Pereira Marina Sundfeld
Published: December 2020

As construções com verbo-suporte (CVS) são ligações verbo-nominais com um significado único, por exemplo, zu Ende bringen e ins Gespräch kommen. Os verbos-suporte bringen e kommen podem formar CVS com os mesmos substantivos, de maneira que a CVS com bringen na voz passiva e com kommen sejam sinônimas. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as diferenças de significado entre essas duas CVS sinônimas que emergem da sintaxe através das metáforas conceptuais PROXIMIDADE É FORÇA DE EFEITO e MAIS FORMA É MAIS CONTEÚDO (LAKOFF; JOHNSON 1980). Para tanto, analisamos os dados da dissertação de mestrado de Pereira (2017), cujos corpora foram obtidos no Sistema de Gerenciamento e Análise de Corpora (Cosmas II). Concluímos que diferenças sutis de significado entre CVS formadas com ambos os verbos emergem das metáforas conceptuais citadas e que ambas permitem que a voz passiva de bringen carregue mais significado que a CVS com kommen, a saber, o agente implícito. Além disso, as CVS também sofrem influência das metáforas conceptuais UMA AÇÃO É UM LOCAL e UMA AÇÃO É UM OBJETO.
Tradições discursivas: de seu status linguístico-teórico e sua dinâmica
Authors: Costa Alessandra Castilho Ferreira
Published: December 2020

Reconsiderando a tripartição coseriana do linguístico (em um nível universal, do falar em geral; um histórico, das línguas particulares; um individual, dos discursos produzidos em situações específicas), o romanista alemão Peter Koch propõe o acréscimo, no nível histórico, duma historicidade dos textos ou das tradições discursivas, constituindo regras distintas das regras da língua. Neste estudo programático de 1997, publicado na série ScriptOralia da editora Narr (Tübingen, Alemanha), o autor define o conceito de tradição discursiva; delimita seu campo teórico, postulando quatro campos linguísticos, referentemente, a atividade do falar (universal), as línguas particulares (histórico), as regras do discurso ou tradições discursivas (histórico) e o discurso (individual); discute ainda suas implicações para as fronteiras entre Linguística Textual e Linguística Variacional, universais da comunicação e gêneros textuais e intertextualidade e interdiscursividade; ademais, apresenta seu proveito para a Literatura e Linguística, os estudos de oralidade e história da língua. Por fim, descreve a dinâmica de sua formação e transformação pelos processos de diferenciação, mistura, convergência e desaparecimento. O objetivo da presente tradução é tornar acessível ao público brasileiro esta obra de referência sobre a noção de tradição discursiva, que exerce decisiva influência tanto na Romanística alemã quanto em recentes pesquisas históricas do Português Brasileiro.
O emprego do aplicativo móvel Duolingo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alemão como língua estrangeira em contexto de ensino presencial universitário
Authors: Melo Telma de Macedo
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo retrata uma experiência com uso do aplicativo móvel Duolingo no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de alemão como língua estrangeira em contexto de ensino presencial universitário e discute o emprego do App como recurso complementar para aumentar o contato dos aprendizes com o idioma e expandir o vocabulário. A pesquisa empírica parte dahipótese de que por ser um recurso gratuito, interativo, gamificado e que permite acesso ilimitado aos conteúdos, o aplicativo móvel Duolingo pode contribuir com a regularidade do contato com a língua e consequentemente ampliar o vocabulário dos aprendizes. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizamos os relatórios individuais de atividade, os quais foram gerados pela Plataforma Duolingo para Escolas. A pesquisa contribui para esclarecer as questões que se colocam acerca da utilização dos aplicativos móveis no ensino de língua estrangeira. Os resultados encontrados apontam que Duolingo é uma ferramenta que pode ser empregada para complementar o ensino presencial de alemão, auxiliando no processo de aquisição de vocabulário. O trabalho aponta para a importância dos Apps como ferramentas de apoio ao processo de aprendizagem de alemão e deixa claro a adesão massiva dos aprendizes ao uso de Apps como recurso complementar ao ensino presencial.
Engenharia de Cardápio
Authors: Gularte Cássio da Luz , Cardoso Jaqueline de Fátima
Published: December 2020

Engenharia de cardápio é uma ferramenta gerencial para análise das relações entre preço de venda e popularidade dos itens componentes do cardápio, ao longo de um período de tempo, em negócios do setor de alimentação fora do lar. O propósito é melhorar o cardápio existente, quanto à rentabilidade e atratividade. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de aplicar e analisar a engenharia de cardápio em um restaurante à la carte, a fim de mostrar a importância dessa ferramenta como instrumento para apoio à decisão estratégica no setor de alimentação fora do lar. O estudo propõe utilizar a engenharia de cardápio de acordo com o protocolo de Smith-Kasavana, a fim de demonstrar a aplicabilidade desse instrumento de apoio às decisões dos gestores do setor, em especial de micro e pequenas empresas. Foi estabelecido um passo a passo para aplicação da ferramenta em uma pequena empresa e a partir da análise dos dados foram recomendadas ações estratégicas genéricas aplicáveis a estabelecimentos do setor de alimentação fora do lar. Esta pesquisa contribuiu para a gestão de estabelecimentos do setor de alimentos e bebidas, demonstrando a aplicação do método, bem como os resultados que geram indicações de ações promocionais e estratégicas que irão, ao longo do tempo, proporcionar resultados melhores aos estabelecimentos.
Transver os estudos brasileiros: quem estuda quem e como?
Authors: Paixão Fernando , Gouveia Inês , Suarez Galvão Luciana
Published: December 2020

Editorial da Revista do IEB n. 77
Feminismo brasileiro como luta e epistemologia
Authors: Heitor Gleyce Kelly
Published: December 2020

Pensamento feminista brasileiro: formação e contexto foi organizado por Heloisa Buarque de Hollanda no intuito de oferecer referências e repertórios para a atual geração de pesquisadoras, pesquisadores e ativistas que se identificam com a pesquisa e a luta feminista. Soma-se a uma série de outros livros, de sua autoria, nos quais os debates nacionais e internacionais – históricos e emergentes – são mapeados, pondo em relação os diálogos e os esforços por legitimação dos estudos sobre as mulheres e sua dimensão epistemológica. Neste texto apresentaremos alguns aspectos do livro, acentuando como as escolhas da autora são justificadas e entrecortadas pelo ambiente de (auto)formação que caracteriza o seu encontro e agência frente ao desenvolvimento e difusão desse pensamento.
Educação, currículo e diferenças: uma análise dos povos indígenas na educação escolar do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Leal Sanderson Pereira , Silva Walter Guedes da
Published: December 2020

Este artigo é fundamentado em pesquisa realizada sobre o currículo da educação escolar do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e tem como objetivo analisar como os conteúdos relacionados às culturas e histórias dos povos indígenas, instituídos pela Lei n. 11.645/08, são apresentados no Referencial Curricular para o Ensino Médio (RCEM) na área de ciências humanas. Com a implantação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (LDB) e a criação da Lei n. 11.645, de 2008, novos desafios surgiram aos profissionais da educação básica. O não cumprimento dessas leis pode prejudicar a construção de uma postura crítica dos professores e estudantes sobre os conhecimentos que tratam dos povos indígenas que lutam pela sobrevivência de suas histórias, culturas e direitos diante do histórico contato interétnico de preconceito e de violência por parte dos não indígenas
Male residency of Sunda Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi (Cuvier, 1823) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in a peat swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo
Authors: Pallemaerts Lynn , Adul  , Kulu Ici P. , Jeffers Karen Anne , Macdonald David W. , Cheyne Susan Mary
Published: December 2020

The Sunda Clouded Leopard Neofelis diardi is the apex predator on the island of Borneo, yet little is known of its ecology.  We document the length of residency of male Sunda Clouded Leopards in Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo.  Over 10 years, camera trap data have been obtained in the Sebangau peat swamp forest in a study area of ~ 105km2.  We identified 11 individuals (eight males, one female, and two with unknown sex), from 152 notionally independent photographs.  On average, males remained in the study area for 39.3 months (SE 8.3), or 3.3 years (SE 0.7), ranging from less than a month of residency up to 71 months.  Females were infrequently recorded, possibly as a result of human disturbance and/or high male densities.  Our results reveal that even a 10-year dataset is inadequate to answer some basic ecological questions, emphasising the importance of long-term monitoring of this species.
Abstract P115: Atrial Fibrillation And The Risk Of Subsequent Fracture
Authors: Sherer Jason , Huang Qiuxi , Kiel Douglas , Benjamin Emelia J , Trinquart Ludovic
Published: December 2020

Background:
There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and the risk of subsequent fractures.

Methods:
We included participants aged 45 years or older from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring, Third Generation, New Offspring Spouse, Omni 1, and Omni 2 cohorts. We prespecified analyzing index age 65 years as our primary analysis; we repeated analyses for index age 45, 55, and 75 years. The primary outcome was any bone fracture, except finger, toe, foot, skull, and facial fractures. We assessed the association between time-varying AF and subsequent fractures by an illness-death model that accounted for the competing risk of death. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, alcohol intake, and prior fracture.

Results:
We included 3,403 participants (mean age of 68 years, 53.3% female) in the analysis at index age 65 years and above. In all, 525 (15%) participants developed incident fractures during follow-up. The HR between AF and subsequent fracture was 1.36 95%CI (1.05-1.77). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex (HR 1.63, 95%CI 1.05-2.23 in men; HR 1.22, 95%CI 0.84-1.76; interaction p value 0.27). Results were consistent at other index ages.

Conclusion:
AF was associated with increased risk of incident fracture in the community-based Framingham Heart Study.
Abstract P129: Biomarkers of Hyperglycemia With All-cause Mortality in Older Adults With and Without Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Rooney Mary R , Tang Olive , Pankow James S , Selvin Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
HbA1c is central to diagnosis and management of diabetes. However, our understanding of the associations of HbA1c with clinical outcomes is based primarily on studies of middle-aged adults.

Objective:
To characterize the associations between HbA1c and mortality among older adults with and without diabetes. We compared the HbA1c-mortality associations with those for alternative glycemic markers (fructosamine and glycated albumin).

Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of 6370 participants (32% with diagnosed diabetes, mean age 76, 59% female, 23% black) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, baseline visit 5 (2011-13). We used Cox regression models to examine the association of each glycemic biomarker (modeled as a linear spline) with all-cause mortality through 2017, stratified by diagnosed diabetes. Model discrimination was tested using c-statistics.

Results:
There were 1022 deaths over 6 years of follow-up. In persons with diabetes, there was a J-shaped association between HbA1c and mortality (
Figure
). Associations were largely similar for fructosamine and glycated albumin. Among persons without diabetes, HbA1c was not strongly associated with mortality, but confidence intervals were wide for HbA1c <5.0% and ≥6.5% (undiagnosed diabetes); whereas, higher levels of fructosamine and glycated albumin were associated with an elevated mortality risk. Associations were similar before and after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. The addition of individual glycemic markers to the models modestly improved discrimination in both persons with and without diabetes. C-statistics were similar when the glycemic markers were added individually to the diabetes-stratified models (Figure).

Conclusions:
Among older adults, HbA1c and other glycemic markers tend to have similar associations with mortality. HbA1c, fructosamine, and glycated albumin, including low levels, may reflect common markers of risk in older adults, particularly in those with diabetes.
Abstract P141: A Novel GWAS Locus Influences Microvascular Response to Acute Psychological Stress
Authors: Almuwaqqat Zakaria , Liu Chang , Kim Jeong Hwan , Hui Qin , Hammadah Muhammad , Alkhoder Ayman , Islam Shabatun , Lima Bruno B , Bremner James , Raggi Paolo , Mehta Anurag , Shah Amit J , Sun Yan , Vaccarino Viola , QUYYUMI Arshed A
Published: December 2020

Background:
Excessive peripheral microvascular constriction during acute psychological stress, measured using peripheral arterial tonometry reflects similar changes in coronary blood flow and is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The ratio of digital pulse wave amplitude during stress compared to rest (sPAT) is used to estimate the degree of microvascular response to stress. We sought to determine if genetic factors contribute to the degree of microvascular constriction during mental stress.

Methods:
A total of 642 post-MI and stable CAD subjects from two prospective cohort studies underwent mental stress testing with a standardized public speaking stressor. Digital pulse wave amplitude was continuously measured using PAT and the stress/rest PAT ratio (sPAT) of pulse wave amplitude during mental stress/baseline was calculated. Genotyping was performed using Illumina’s Multi-Ethnic Genotyping Array (MEGA) platform and imputed to the 1000 Genome reference panel. Race stratified genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of sPAT were conducted using linear regression of additive genetic mode adjusted for age, sex and population stratification in the two cohorts. A trans-ethnic meta-analysis integrated the four sets GWAS results.

Results:
Mean age was 63±9; 65% male, 35% Black. We identified two SNPs in linkage disequilibrium on chr4:185503564 and chr4:185491706 rs13353812 (with 35% and 28% allele frequency, respectively) that were associated with greater sPAT ratio (
P
= 1.42E-08). The mean sPAT ratio during mental stress for subjects with none, one and two AT insertion alleles of SNP chr4:185503564 were 0.67, 0.76 and 0.93, respectively, an average of 12% (P < 0.001), per allele. Results were similar for G insertion alleles of SNP rs13353812. The nearest gene of the sPAT-associated locus is
CASP3
which encodes caspase, an essential protein for apoptosis signaling and brain and hematopoietic stem cell development.

Conclusion:
We have identified a genetic basis for stress-induced vasomotion. Presence of the chr4:185503564 allele is associated with less vasoconstriction during mental stress, and thus may be protective against long term cardiovascular risk. These findings need further exploration.