bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga Dan Pembiayaan Terhadap Likuiditas Bank NTB Syariah
Authors: Fitriani Alda , Azizoma Rusman
Published: September 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of financing and third party funds on the Liquidity of Sharia NTB Bank. This type of research is quantitative research using secondary data from the financial statements of Sharia NTB Bank and analyzed and processed using SPSS. After the tests carried out by the researchers, the results showed that individually Third Party Funds had a significant positive effect on the Liquidity of Sharia NTB Bank and Financing also had a significant influence but had the opposite direction (Negative) on the Liquidity of Sharia NTB Bank. Meanwhile, simultaneously Third Party Funds and Financing together have a significant effect on the Liquidity of Sharia NTB Bank. This study provides significant academic contributions by offering empirical insights into the liquidity management of Islamic banks, specifically within Sharia NTB Bank.
Analisis Kelayakan Nasabah Pembiayaan Qardhul Hasan di Koperasi Syariah Baituttamkin Lombok Barat
Authors: Wahidayani Wahidayani , Saadatirrohmi Siti Ahdina
Published: September 2024

This study aims to describe the feasibility analysis of customers receiving qardhul hasan financing during the covid-19 pandemic and the obstacles faced in assessing the feasibility of customers at the Baituttamkin Sharia Cooperative Kediri Unit. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. In the method of data collection using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing, while for the validity of the data using the credibility test, transferability test, dependability test, confirmability test.
The results of the study prove that the feasibility analysis of customers in the Baituttamkin Islamic cooperative unit Kediri does not all apply the 5C and 7P principles but rather prioritizes the character side. Good character will affect all sides of the 5C or 7P principles by prioritizing the assessment of the character aspect is a very appropriate step because character will affect everything that is in a person. Good character, making other aspects such as capacity, capital, collateral, and condition of the customer's economy will have a positive impact from that character.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH DALAM PENINGKATAN DANA RITEL KONSUMER (Studi pada KSPPS Karya Mandiri Jerowaru)
Authors: Oktaviani Intan , Sanurdi Sanurdi , Bonang Dahlia
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this study is to find out how the strategy and effectiveness of the implementation of marketing of murabahah financing products carried out by KSPPS Karya Mandiri Jerowaru. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques, namely observation techniques, interviews and documentation. The subject of this study was the chairman of the board and field employees of  KSPPS Karya Mandiri. The results of this study show that the marketing strategy of murabahah financing products is to use a marketing mix and is quite effective.
Penerapan Pengelolaan Sumut Mobile dalam Menarik Minat Nasabah Bank Sumut Cabang Syariah Padangsidimpuan
Authors: Siregar Seftia Fadillah , Yarham Muhammad
Published: September 2024

The presence of mobile nowadays makes financial management very easy and if we use it correctly we will experience enormous benefits. This can be seen by the Mobile Banking System which can help organized financial management, so that financial problems do not accour. Apart from that, using Mobile Banking can also make it easier to check account mutations, from which you can calculate how much funds you need. Apart from that, in checking mutations, there is also a processo fevaluating the result of budget recording within a certain period of time. So you will know about the budgets that have been set, such as with North Sumatera Mobile or Mobile Banking at Bank North Sumatera Syariah.
Розмиті осциляційні спектри у діелектричних матеріалах
Authors: Поплавко Юрій Михайлович , Татарчук Дмитро Дмитрович , Діденко Юрій Вікторович , Чипегін Дмитро
Published: September 2024

Діелектрична спектроскопія широко використовується для дослідження електронних матеріалів. При обробці експериментальних даних для отримання параметрів досліджуваного матеріалу часто використовують релаксаційні моделі. Проте, при дослідженні композиційних матеріалів з резонансними компонентами, кристалів і полікристалів, структура яких є багатодоменною або характеризується високою ангармонічністю, перевагу слід віддавати осциляторним моделям. У статті детально розглянуто модель діелектричного дисперсійного осцилятора. Особливу увагу приділено випадку осцилятора з надвеликим загасанням. Визначено, що головною ознакою резонансної дисперсії є наявність мінімуму в частотної залежності дійсної частини діелектричної проникності.
Nutritional Screening and Assessment in Mexican Outpatient Cancer Patients
Authors: Cervantes-Guevara Gabino , Chavez Karla Veronica , Vazquez-Lopez Blanca Ernestina , Herrera-Ponce Zayda Vanessa , Magaña-de la Vega Lisset Citlali , Fuentes-Orozco Clotilde , Gonzalez-Ojeda Alejandro , Hernandez-Corona Diana Mercedes , Gonzalez-Heredia Tonatiuh , Méndez-del Villar Miriam , Corona-Meraz Fernada Isadora , Guzman-Ornelas Milton Omar , Gomez-Cabral Linda Paola , Gonzalez-Duarte Jose Alberto , Rendon-Serrano Fernanda Monserrat , Chavez-Tostado Mariana
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Malnutrition is a common issue among cancer patients, leading to adverse outcomes and reduced survival rates; therefore, nutritional screening and assessment are essential. Our study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the GLIM criteria to assess malnutrition and to compare the performance of various nutritional screening tests in evaluating nutritional risk. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on outpatient oncologic patients. Malnutrition was assessed using PG-SGA and GLIM criteria. Nutritional screening was performed using NRS-2002, MUST, MST, and NUTRISCORE. Anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, cancer medical records and descriptive data were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 396 patients were involved. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 37.4% according to GLIM criteria and in 25.8% according to PG-SGA (p<0.001). The agreement between GLIM criteria and PG-SGA was substantial (ƙ= 0.63). The diagnostic performance of PG-SGA showed a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96.3%, whereas the GLIM criteria demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 91.2%. Both tools had a significant association with low dynamometry and low BMI (p<0.001). Nutritional risk was identified in 22.7% of the patients using NRS-2002, 25.8% with MUST, 26.5% with MST, and 12.9% with NUTRISCORE. The highest agreement among the nutritional screening tests was observed between MUST and PG-SGA (ƙ =0.64). Conclusions: GLIM criteria detected a higher prevalence of malnutrition compared to PG-SGA; however, PG-SGA demonstrated higher sensitivity and specificity. Both significantly agree with low dynamometry and low BMI. Among the nutritional screening tests, MUST and PG-SGA showed the highest agreement.
Exploring the Role of Communication Asset Mapping (CAM) as a Strategy to Promote Hereditary Cancer Risk Assessment Information Within African American Communities
Authors: Lumpkins Crystal Y. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Miller Lynn R , Cooper Evelyn , Smith Margaret , Nelson Katie , Lumpkins Garry , Peltzer Jill , Adsul Prajakta , Wray Ricardo
Published: September 2024

Objective: African Americans (AA) carry the largest burden for almost every type of cancer in the US and are also more likely to die from cancer. Approximately 10% of cancers can be explained by a hereditary factor and detected earlier. Many AA however have inequitable access to hereditary cancer risk assessment (HCRA) tools and information, further exacerbating cancer disparities. Innovative communication strategies to promote community-based HCRA information have promise to bridge AA to optimal primary cancer screening. The current pilot study followed a participatory process where researchers engaged with a Community Advisory Board (CAB) to explore how Communication Asset Mapping could assist Lay Health Advisors with dissemination of evidence-based HCRA information within AA faith communities. Methods: The research team and CAB conducted exploratory community group discussions with residents (N=21) guided by Communication Infrastructure Theory, and a community-engaged mapping process to inform the development of a Communication Asset Mapping (CAM) dissemination strategy. Results: Themes included: (1) Optimal locations (e.g. community centers) within identified networks (specified neighborhood networks) should have representatives who are trusted ambassadors to assist with HCRA information dissemination; (2) Trusted community member voices should fully represent the trusted network; and (3) Well-known and frequented geographic locations should be a true representation of participants’ neighborhoods for creating a robust health information network concerning HCRA. Conclusion: CAB and community residents appreciated the engagement process however, felt the impact was limited due to missing community voices within their neighborhoods to identify communication assets within the network for optimal HCRA information dissemination. CAM therefore is an important public health strategy in identification of trusted networks. The strategy was also helpful in pinpointing people who are critical communicators of emerging health information akin to HCRA.
Biofilm Formation and Anti-Inflammatory Response of a Probiotic Blend
Authors: Gallina Nicholas L.F. , Tardi Nicole I , Li Xilin , Cai Alvin , Horn Mandy , Applegate Bruce , Reddivari Lavanya , Bhunia Arun K.
Published: September 2024

Gut dysbiosis and an inflamed bowel are growing concerns in mammals, including dogs. Probiotic supplements have been used to restore the natural microbial community and improve gastrointestinal health. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial activities, and immunological responses of probiotics are crucial to improving gut health. Thus, we tested a commercial probiotic blend (LabMAX-3), a canine kibble additive comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticasibacillus casei, and Enterococcus faecium for their ability to inactivate common enteric pathogens; their ability to form biofilms, epithelial cell adhesion and anti-inflammatory response on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. Probiotic LabMAX-3 blend, or individual isolates, showed a strong inhibitory effect against Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni. LabMAX-3 formed biofilms comparable to Staphylococcus aureus. LabMAX-3 adhesion to the MDCK cell line (with or without lipopolysaccharide, LPS) pretreatment showed comparable adhesion and biofilm formation (p < 0.05) to L. casei ATCC 334 used as a control. LabMAX-3 had no cytotoxic effects on the MDCK cell line during 1 h exposure. The IL-10 and TNFα ratio of LabMAX-3, compared to the L. casei control, showed a significant increase (p < 0.05), indicating a more pronounced anti-inflammatory response. The data show that LabMAX-3, a canine kibble supplement, can improve gastrointestinal health.
Synthesis of Novel Fe-CNs-P/S Carbon Materials for Sustainable Water Treatment: Activation of Persulfate for Efficient TC Degradation
Authors: Zhang Huali , Zhang Kanghui , Liu Qin , Shi Tongshan , Cui Jiaheng , Li Jinxiu
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel Fe-CNs-P/S carbon composite material, synthesized by doping elements P and S into NH2-MIL-101 (Fe) using carbonization method. The material's application in sustainable water treatment was evaluated, focusing on its effectiveness in activating persulfate for pollutant degradation. The research thoroughly investigates the synthesis process, structural characteristics, and performance in degrading pollutants. Results indicate that Fe-CNs-P/S-5 with 50% P and S co-doping is higher than that of other samples, where the degradation rate of TC in 30min is as high as 98.11% under the optimum conditions, that is temperature at 25 ℃, 0.05 g/L of catalyst concentration, and 0.2 g/L of PMS concentration. The composite material demonstrates robust versatility and stability, maintaining high degradation efficiency across multiple organic pollutants, with no significant reduction in catalytic performance after four cycles. Furthermore, the free radical quenching experiments displays that the singlet oxygen 1O2 is the main active species. It is demonstrated that the doping of P and S play a role in the enhancement of PMS activation over the Fe-CNs-P/S catalyst. This material demonstrates remarkable efficacy in treating a range of organic contaminants and exhibits excellent reusability, presenting a promising approach for enhancing sustainability in water treatment applications.
Applications and Competitive Advantages of Data Mining and Business Intelligence in SMEs Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tsiu Shao , Ngobeni Mfanelo , Mathabela Lesley , Thango Bonginkosi
Published: September 2024

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face unique challenges that can be effectively addressed through the adoption of data mining and business intelligence (BI) tools. This systematic literature review scrutinizes the deployment and efficacy of BI and data mining technologies across SME sectors, assessing their impact on operational efficiency, strategic decision-making, and market competitiveness. Therefore, drawing from a methodologically rigorous analysis of 93 scholarly articles published between 2014 and 2024, the review elucidates the evolving landscape of BI tools and techniques that have shaped SME practices. It reveals that advanced analytics such as predictive modeling and machine learning are increasingly being adopted, though significant gaps remain, particularly shaped by economic factors. The utilization of BI and data mining enhances decision-making processes and enables SMEs to adapt effectively to market dynamics. Despite these advancements, SMEs encounter barriers such as technological complexity, high implementation costs, and substantial skills gaps, impeding effective utilization. Our review, grounded in the analysis of business intelligence tools used indicates that dashboards (31.18%) and clustering techniques (10.75%) are predominantly utilized, highlighting their strategic importance in operational settings. However, a considerable number of studies (66.67%) do not specify the BI tools or data mining techniques employed, pointing to a need for more detailed methodological transparency in future research. The predominant focus on the ICT and manufacturing sectors underscores the industrial context sector specific applicability of these technologies, with ICT accounting for 45.16% and manufacturing 22.58% of the studies. We advocate for targeted educational programs, development of user-friendly and cost-effective BI solutions, and strategic partnerships to facilitate knowledge transfer and technological empowerment in SMEs. Empirical research validating the impacts of BI and data mining on SME performance is crucial, providing a directional pathway for future academic inquiries and policy formulation.
Chondroitin Sulphate and Proteinoids in Neuron Models
Authors: Mougkogiannis Panagiotis , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: September 2024

This study examines the relationship between chondroitin sulphate, proteinoids, and computational neuron models, with a specific emphasis on the Izhikevich neuron model. We investigate the effect of chondroitin sulphate-proteinoid complexes on the behaviour and dynamics of simulated neurons. Through the use of computational simulations, we provide evidence that these biomolecular components have the power to regulate the responsiveness of neurons, the patterns of their firing, and the ability of their synapses to change within the Izhikevich architecture. The findings suggest that the interactions between chondroitin sulphate and proteinoid cause notable alterations in the dynamics of membrane potential and the timing of spikes. We detect adjustments in the features of neuronal responses, such as shifts in the thresholds for firing, alterations in spike frequency adaptation, and changes to bursting patterns. The findings indicate that chondroitin sulphate and proteinoids may have a role in precisely adjusting neuronal information processing and network behaviour. This study offers new and valuable information about the complex connection between the many components of the extracellular matrix, protein-based structures, and the functioning of neurons. In addition, our analysis of the proteinoid-chondroitine system using game theory uncovers a significant Prisoner’s Dilemma scenario. The system’s inclination towards defection, due to the appeal of cheating and the significant penalty for cooperation, with a mean voltage of −9.19 mV, indicates that defective behaviors may prevail in the long-term dynamics of these neuronal interactions.
Roseto Revisited: Fact or Fiction
Authors: Adhikari Samrachana , Ogedegbe Olugbenga , Devinsky Orrin
Published: September 2024

Objective: A 1964 study challenged the consensus that saturated fat consumption increased the risk for myocardial infarction (MI). Roseto Pennsylvania, an Italian-American enclave of 1600 people, had similar rates of cigarette smoking, obesity and higher saturated fat consumption as neighboring towns, but far lower MI death rates. More than 50 years later, it remains uncertain if Roseto’s residents had better heart health than the average American and if so, what factors were responsible. Methods: We compared MI deaths in Roseto and neighboring towns to the Framingham Heart Study cohort matched for age and sex. Results: We found no evidence that MI deaths were lower in Roseto, PA than in Framingham, MA when controlling for age and sex. While the role of social support in health is uncontested, methodological issues, confounding factors and biases challenge the validity of the Roseto study. Conclusions: The dramatically lower MI and MI mortality rates among males in Roseto reflects biases in sampling and comparison populations, which also impacted the contrasting Diet-Heart hypothesis that saturated fats cause heart disease. Although social support enhances health outcomes, the Roseto study neither supported nor refuted this connection.
Multi-modal Data Fusion and Deep Ensemble Learning for Accurate Crop Yield Prediction
Authors: Yewle Akshay Dagadu , Karakus Oktay
Published: September 2024

This research centres on advancing the utilisation of a novel Deep Ensemble model called RicEns-Net for predicting crop yields through sophisticated multi-modal data engineering. Initially, data for the study were acquired from Ernst \& Young (EY), a prominent global technology and management consulting firm, as part of their annual data science challenge (EY Open Science Challenge 2023). The predictive models leverage multi-modal data by integrating radar and optical-type remote sensing data alongside meteorological data to create supplementary features essential for predicting crop yield. The primary data features are derived from spectral indices extracted from Sentinel 2 satellites, while more advanced features are generated through combinations and interactions of these fundamental features. Furthermore, data from Sentinel 1 and 3, along with meteorological measurements such as surface temperature and rainfall, account for the intricate natural factors influencing crop yield, creating a comprehensive set of data features based on existing research. To tackle the complexity introduced by numerous data features, extensive data engineering was conducted to identify the most predictive features among 100+ and mitigate the "curse of dimensionality," resulting in 15 features from 5 different modalities. The proposed RicEns-Net comprises multiple machine learning algorithms in a deep ensemble approach to leverage the best features of each of these techniques, achieving optimal performance. The proposed model achieves an MAE value of 341 kg/Ha for prediction, surpassing the performance of the EY Open Science Challenge 2023 winner models and state-of-the-art deep/machine learning approaches.
Chemical Markers in Italian Propolis: Chrysin, Galangin and Cape as Indicators of Geographic Origin
Authors: Miraldi Elisabetta , Cappellucci Giorgio , Baini Giulia , Pistone Elia Silvia , Allodi Marika , Costantino Gabriele , Spaggiari Chiara , Biagi Marco
Published: September 2024

The knowledge in chemical composition of propolis is crucial for understanding the characteristics of products of different origin, but also for quality control and regulatory purposes. To date, offical monographs or official analyses that allow to evaluate propolis in a proper way have not yet been released. This study focuses on the characterization of twenty-seven Italian propolis and the identification of chemical markers that define its geographical provenance. Total polyphenol (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) content, alongside the quantification of pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), were identified as as potential markers. Additionally, DPPH assays was conducted to evaluate antiradicalic activity of propolis samples. Our findings demonstrated that TP, TF and pinocembrin differed in propolis of different origin, especially in samples from the islands. However, the quantification of the sum of chrysin and galangin and CAP provided a clear distinction of the geographical origin of the propolis samples. In contrast, the DPPH assay did not prove useful for this purpose, as most results were similar and, therefore, not significant. This study lays the groundwork for future research on propolis. These findings could contribute to the development of more refined methods for distinguishing propolis origins, enhancing the understanding, valuation and quality control of this natural product in various applications.
Analizying Forecasting Errors in 3PL Activity: A Case Study on Distribution Channels Using Stl Decomposition
Authors: Wolny Maciej , Kmiecik Mariusz
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Decomposition analysis of forecasting errors relating to time series generated by a 3PL logistics operator for ten distribution channels operated by the logistics operator.

Design / methodology / approach:
The studies were focused on the analysis of 10 distribution channels operated by the 3PL logistics operator who used a forecasting tool based on a modified ARIMA algorithm to prepare forecasts. In this paper, R environment was used. The studies focused on the visual analysis of forecasting error series, on the analysis of the basic parameters of the error time series distributions, on the analysis of STL decomposition and statistical tests relating to trend and seasonality.

Findings:
The forecasting error analysis indicates that there are different patterns and characteristics of errors for individual channels. The statistical test results for various channels display significant differences between forecast groups in some cases. This suggests that the forecasting tool can be more accurate for some than for other channels.

Research limitations:
Logistic operations are usually based on numerous variables which may influence forecast quality. Moreover, the absence of any information on the forecasting models and input data used may prevent complete understanding of error sources.

Value of the paper:
The studies described in this paper emphasized valuable conclusions which can be drawn from the analysis of time series forecasting errors in the context of logistic operations. The findings indicated the need for an adapted approach to forecasting for each and every channel, the importance of improving the forecasting tool and the potential to optimize the forecast accuracy by focusing on the trend and seasonality. For this reason, the analysis is an important input into the theory and practice relating to demand forecasting by logistics operators in distribution networks. The studies contribute to the works related to demand forecasting by logistics operators.
Effect of De-Husking on Nutritional and Antioxidant Quality of Nigerian Millet Varieties
Authors: Mode Abduljalil Muhammad , Magaji Umar Faruk , Yahaya Salisu Yusuf , Zaki Nuhu Ginom , Dandare Shamsudeen Umar
Published: September 2024

Millet is a staple food in Northern Nigeria, widely used for the preparation of various millet-based dishes. However, traditional processing methods, such as de-husking, can significantly affect the grain's nutritional and antioxidant properties. This study evaluates the antioxidant composition and nutritional value of four millet varieties cultivated in Northern Nigeria, with a particular focus on the impact of de-husking on these parameters. Our analysis encompasses the proximate composition, phytochemical content, antioxidant vitamins, mineral elements, amino acid profile, and antioxidant activities of the millet samples. The findings reveal that all millet varieties contain significant levels of antioxidant compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamins, although their concentrations varied due to genetic differences and environmental factors. Notably, in the mineral composition, higher (p
Inertinite Reflectance in Relation to Combustion Temperature
Authors: Gao Di , Chen Di , Cui Chi , Fu XueBo , Yang JunJiao , Zhao Shilong , Wang ZhenZhi
Published: September 2024

Inertinite, a product of wildfire, holds important information on global temperature change. The relationship between its reflectance and temperature has been widely used to identify wildfire events in paleo-sedimentary environments, but the currently used equations relating inertinite reflectance and combustion temperature are subject to large errors. Therefore, to clarify the relationship between inertinite reflectance and combustion temperature further, we systematically analyzed the changes in inertinite reflectance under different combustion durations based on literature data. The results confirmed that inertinite reflectance is related to combustion duration. Disregarding combustion duration, the combustion equation is T=267.52+110.19*Ro(R²=0.91), where T is the combustion temperature, Ro% is the measured inertinite reflectance, and R² is the correlation coefficient. Under a combustion duration of 1 hour, the equation is T=273.57+113.89*Ro(R²=0.91), and under a combustion duration longer than 4 hours, the equation is T=232.91+110.6*Ro(R²=0.94). These three equations not only account for the temporal factor but are also more precise than the commonly used formula. This study provides a scientific basis for research on paleo-wildfire.
Biomimetic Elastomeric Conductive Coatings for the iCub Robotic Skin and the Hannes Prosthetic Hand
Authors: Forestier Emilie , Boccardo Nicolo , Dussoni Simeone , Canepa Michele , Maggiali Marco , Bayer Ilker S.
Published: September 2024

A biobased and conductive ink composed of elastomeric vinyl acetate-vinyl laurate copolymer (PVAc-VL) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) has been developed to create stretchable and flexible tactile devices (taxels) for robotics and prosthetics applications. The ink can be sprayed onto elastomeric surfaces (Ecoflex) to produce an electronic skin for applications such as the iCub robot and the Hannes prosthetic hand. Electron microscopy analysis confirms good dispersion of the CNF within the ink, and the ink remains conductive even after 150 mechanical cycles of stretching up to 25% and unloading. Compression tests up to 50% deformation show a small influence on the coating, and stretching cycles allow for rearrangement of the CNF, improving the electrical behaviour due to mechanical energy dissipation. The measured electrical performance exhibits a twofold increase in the R/R0 ratio, succeeded by a rapid decline (recovery), and eventually stabilizes near the initial value, indicating enhanced electronic performance.
Improved Urban Impervious Surface Mapping Using Multi-Sensor Feature Fusion: A Cross-City Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Nasar , Almutlaq Fahad , Huq Md. Enamul , Bathrellos George D. , Javed Akib , Islam Fakhrul , Skilodimou Hariklia D.
Published: September 2024

The study put forward a data fusion approach for urban remote sensing that combines SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) and optical satellite data. By integrating datasets from different sensors and spatial-temporal scales, the technique aims to extract more accurate information. The fusion approach utilizes two methods: feature-based fusion, where relevant features are extracted and fused, and simple layer stacking (SLS), where the original datasets are directly stacked as multiple layers. This study extracted features using SAR textures (using Sentinel-1) and modified indices (using Landsat-8), and then classified these features using an XGBoost algorithm implemented in Python and Google Earth Engine. Researchers examined five cities, each representing a distinct climatic zone and urban dynamic: Cape Town, Guangzhou, Los Angeles, Mumbai, and Osaka. An accuracy assessment was conducted using random validation points, achieving an overall accuracy of 89.5% using the proposed MSFI method. A comparison was also performed with three well-known global products. The proposed approach, outperformed all three global products achived 89% accuracy while ESA (84%), ESRI (81%) and Dynamic World (82%). Additionally, Land surface temperature analysis was accomplished to investigate the relationship between extracted UIS and Land Surface Temperature (LST) across selected cities to show the practical use of proposed MSFI method. Los Angeles, a warm temperate city, showed the highest LST among all five cities. The datasets, along with the GEE and Python codes, are available at https://github.com/mnasarahmad/sls.
PERFUSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: NEW HORIZONS IN DIAGNOSING DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS
Authors:   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov, DJURAEVA NIGORA M. , IBADOV RAVSHAN A. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov, IBRAGIMOV SARDOR Kh. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov, ABDUKHALIMOVA KHANUM V. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov, AKILOVA GULNARA K. ,   Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov
Published: September 2024

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, the most common disease of the pancreas is acute pancreatitis, which can lead to the development of pancreatic necrosis. In this regard, early diagnosis and assessment of the pancreatic necrosis risk development are of paramount importance for choosing adequate treatment approaches and improving outcomes for patients. Radiological research methods have become the “gold” standard in clinical practice for the primary diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography has traditionally been used to visualize the pancreas and assess the extent of inflammation and necrotic changes. However, standard computed tomography has limitations in assessing tissue perfusion, which is an important aspect of the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Perfusion computed tomography of the pancreas has become a colossal breakthrough in radiation imaging, has become widespread as a method that allows the quantitative assessment of blood supply to the pancreas, including information about microcirculation, and it can be used for the early detection of ischemic changes that precede tissue necrosis in the pancreas. Aim. To study the capabilities of perfusion computed tomography and computed tomography angiography of the pancreas for evaluating the area of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis, with the aim of improving diagnosis and planning treatment measures to minimize the consequences and increase patient survival. Materials and Methods. A single-center examination was carried out on 42 patients (18 women, 24 men, mean age 38±2 years) with suspected acute pancreatitis. All patients underwent perfusion computed tomography within the first 3 days; over the next 3-5 days, computed tomography angiography of the pancreas was performed with bolus intravenous contrast to confirm the development of necrotic changes. Results and Discussion. After performing perfusion computed tomography within the first 3 days from the onset of symptoms, areas of ischemic damage to the pancreas tissue were identified in 16 (38.1%) out of 42 patients. After computed tomography angiography, the development of necrotic changes was confirmed in 7 patients (16.7%). The localization of the necrosis zone detected in computed tomography coincided with the ischemic zones on the color hemodynamic maps of perfusion computed tomography.
IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS, ONCOGENESIS, AND PROSPECTS FOR THERAPY AND VACCINE PREVENTION OF HIV INFECTION
Authors:   Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, MOSKALEV ALEXANDR V. , GUMILEVSKY BORIS YU. ,   Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, ZHESTKOV ALEXANDR V. ,   Samara State Medical University, ZOLOTOV MAKSIM O. ,   Samara State Medical University, FALALEEVA EVGENIYA A. ,   Samara State Medical University, RESHETNIKOVA VALENTINA P. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Features of the immunopathogenesis of infection associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a decrease in the virus reproduction rate against the background of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Aim of the study is to summarize new literature data on the features of immunopathogenesis, complications and prospects for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. Materials and Methods. Modern scientific literature sources for the years 2010–2022 were studied, dealing with the features of immunopathogenesis, tumor-associated complications, and concomitant opportunistic infections in HIV infection. Results and Discussion. In infected patients with no etiotropic treatment, the expression of interferon-stimulated genes remains elevated throughout the course of the infection. The main proteins of the host cell are shown that bind to the proteins of the capsid of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase cyclophilin A, cleavage and polyadenylation factor 6, components of the nucleus pores. The effect provided by each host cell protein on the protein-nucleic complex stability varies and depends on the nature of the target cell. Mutants of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, in which the protein-nucleic complex is not completely covered by the capsid coat, are defective for reproduction. During adaptation, such strains acquired the ability to evade neutralization by the tetherin proteins and myxovirus resistance. Moreover, at all stages of infection, immunoglobulin subtypes G1 play a dominant role, causing antibody-dependent cellular and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The mechanisms of oncogenesis caused by the human immunodeficiency virus are different than those in other retroviral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus kills target cells and does not contribute to their unlimited proliferation typical of oncogenesis. Uncontrolled proliferation, by any mechanism, can lead to chromosomal changes necessary for cell transformation and to malignant neoplasms. Conclusions. The prospects of modern biotechnology are associated with the possibilities of direct gene editing, with the help of which CD4 + T cells and hematopoietic stem cells are modified and become HIV-I infection resistant. The viral genome can be inactivated by directly targeting HIV-1 LTR sequences for cleavage. Other approaches to the development of promising antiretroviral therapy are also being considered.
CARDIORENOMETABOLIC CONTINUUM IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, REBROVSKAYA MARIA M.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Introduction. The cardiorenometabolic continuum represents the current concept of the patient’s health status, from the action of risk factors to clinical manifestation in the form of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic disorders. Elder patients require special attention, given the presence of comorbidity (including cerebrovascular diseases), gerontological syndromes, and polypharmacy, which leads to unfavorable prognosis. The study of cardiorenometabolic continuum and cerebrovascular pathology interactions becomes especially relevant to optimizing the prevention of, timely diagnosis of, and patient-oriented approaches to the management of comorbid patients. Aim of the study was to discuss the cardiorenometabolic continuum problem relevance in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Materials and Methods. When analyzing sources of domestic and foreign literature, keywords were used, such as “cardiorenometabolic continuum,” “renal continuum,” “cerebrovascular diseases,” “kidney-brain axis,” “acute cerebrovascular accidents,” and “metabolic syndrome.” The “Scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU” search engine was used to analyze Russian- language sources of literature, while PubMed and Scopus databases were used to search for English-language sources. Results and Discussion. Cardiorenometabolic continuum determines the ongoing dynamics of changes occurring in the body. In turn, cerebrovascular diseases are considered as an important aspect of the cardiovascular component in forming the cardiorenometabolic continuum. Renal disorder is one of the components of the cardiorenometabolic continuum and of special interest due to its insufficient and untimely diagnoses in comorbid patients. In recent years, the problem of kidney-brain interactions has been actively discussed in the scientific community, and therefore, many epidemiological studies appear. Kidneys and brain have common anatomical and functional characteristics, making them vulnerable to similar vascular risk factors, which has led to developing the kidney-brain axis concept. A special feature in determining the strategy in patients with cerebrovascular pathology and impaired renal function is their elder and senile age that requires a distinction between the concepts of temporal ageing and of pathology, as well as the patient-oriented approach. Conclusions. Managing comorbid patients with cerebrovascular diseases with regard to cardiorenometabolic continuum involves the management of risk factors; monitoring of persons having one of the continuum components; therapy aimed at cardio- and nephroprotection; improved control of concomitant diseases; and the achievement of target levels of blood pressure and lipid and glycemic profile in accordance with the categories of high and very high cardiovascular risks.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF GLYCEMIC LEVELS ON THE RENAL FUNCTION BY THE ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (ESSE-RF2 STUDY DATA)
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, VIKTOROVA INNA A. , MOISEEVA MARINA V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, KUTSIN IVAN YU. ,   Omsk State Medical University, SHIRLINA NATALYA G. ,   Omsk State Medical University, BILEVICH OLGA A. ,   Omsk State Medical University, STASENKO VLADIMIR L. ,   Omsk State Medical University, IVANOVA DARYA S. ,   Omsk State Medical University, PETRENKO MARINA V. ,   Omsk State Medical University
Published: September 2024

Introduction. More than one third of people (aged 60 and above) have signs of chronic kidney disease, which requires monitoring of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) due to the low-symptomatic course of earlier (C1-C3A) stages of chronic kidney disease. The relevant issue is: What fasting plasma glucose levels reflect the prediabetes stage more accurately and earlier damage to target organs, specifically kidneys. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the eGFR and the glycemic levels in a representative sample of the Omsk Region (ESSE-RF2 study). Materials and Methods. A random population sample was analyzed in the Omsk Region (n=1506), aged 25-64. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated using the CKD-EPI formula for the year 2021. The test subjects are divided into four groups by glucose levels: The levels of 5.6 to 6.0 mmol/l were in 176 people (1); 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/l in 100 people (2); 7.0 mmol/l and more in 86 people (3); and under 5.6 mmol/l in 1,144 people (4). Data distribution was evaluated according to the Shapiro-Wilk criterion, the statistical significance was assessed using the Welch ANOVA approach, and differences in groups were evaluated using the Tukey test. Results and Discussion. In Welch ANOVA, the F-statistic was 27.3 at p<0.05 – statistically significant differences were detected in the estimated glomerular filtration rates among the groups depending on glycemia. Differences in the estimated glomerular filtration rates relate to the normoglycemia group compared to the three hyperglycemia groups, starting from 5.6 mmol/l. Test Tukey revealed a statistically significant decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rates among the three groups in terms of glycemia, compared with the normoglycemia group: 4-3, 4-2, and 4-1. When comparing groups 2-3 and 1-2 in pairs, there were no differences in the degree of changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rates based on glucose levels. Discussing a high filtration level – above 120 ml/min/1.7 m2 by the estimated glomerular filtration rate in 1.16–2.84% of individuals with various levels of hyperglycemia suggests renal hyperfiltration as the earliest stage of renal dysfunction. Conclusions. Statistical data analysis emphasizes the relationship between changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate in hyperglycemia, starting with the plasma glucose level of 5.6 mmol/l or higher. The criterion of fasting hyperglycemia starting from 6.1 mmol/l is overstated, since that of hyperglycemia starting from 5.6 mmol/l reflects kidney damage more accurately.
DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, MAMEDOV ALI N. , ABITOVA ALINA A. ,   Kazan State Medical University, AMIROV NAIL B. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Dietary therapy is one of the primary and essential methods of non-drug therapy. In this regard, the diet should correspond to energy and physiological needs of the body. However, not all dietary practices are available due to the limited choice of the food basket due to the climate in Russia. Aim. Based on the analysis of the product range of the most common diets used to treat cardiovascular pathology, to develop dietary recommendations relevant to the climatic conditions in Central Russia. Materials and Methods. Domestic and foreign literary sources were analyzed, containing information on nutritional support in the clinic of internal diseases over the past 10 years. The literature was searched in the eLibrary, Cyberleninka, and PubMed databases by the following keywords: diet, cardiovascular diseases, diet therapy, pathology. Results and Discussion. Currently, various dietary patterns are gaining popularity. We analyzed the product range of the leading diets, including the Mediterranean and Scandinavian types of nutrition, as well as the paleolithic diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. Conclusions. The dietary nutrition patterns presented in this study comply with the healthy diet guidelines, but they have some modifications. The effectiveness of the dietary practices proposed is demonstrated by research results and meta-analysis data. Therefore, based on the analysis of the product range of the above-mentioned diets, dietary recommendations were developed that correspond to the climatic conditions of Central Russia.
CARDIOVASCULAR AND KIDNEY ASSESSMENT IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN YOUNG ADULTS
Authors:   South Ural State Medical University, PANKOVA EKATERINA D. , CHULKOV VASILIY S. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, CHULKOV VLADISLAV S. ,   South Ural State Medical University, KATSYNA ALEXEY R. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University,, KARTYSHEVA KSENIA Y. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, KAZANSKAYA ADEL A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, EKTOVA NATALIA A. ,   South Ural State Medical University, GAVRILOVA ELENA S. ,   South Ural State Medical University
Published: September 2024

Aim. The aim of the study is to assess the structural and functional state of the heart and kidneys with cardiometabolic risk factors in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young adults. Materials and Methods. The case-control study included 100 young people divided into two groups: Group 1 (“cases”) – people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 50) and Group 2 (“controls”) – people without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 50). All the probands underwent a clinical examination, a questionnaire, laboratory and instrumental examination, including an assessment of the body composition using bioelectric impedance, and ultrasound examination of kidneys and liver. Results and Discussion. The body composition of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had a higher value of total (27.3 [20.3-36.5] vs. 14.8 [10.7-19.8] kg, p<0.001) and visceral fat (12.5 [9-17] vs. 6.0 [4-9] kg, p<0.001). Albumin levels in the morning urine (23 [19-41] vs. 21 [10-26] mg/day, p=0.005) and albumin-creatinine ratio (2.5 [1.8-3.3] vs. 1.9 [0.7-2.6] mg/mmol, p=0.005) were higher in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group than in the control group. In the group with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the albumin-creatinine ratio had correlated positively with the total (r=0.312; p=0.027) and visceral fat (r=0.325; p=0.021), body mass index (r=0.337; p=0.017), and the waist/hip circumference ratio (r=0.465; p<0.001). Conclusions. The most pronounced pathological alterations in heart, such as left ventricle myocardium remodeling and hypertrophy, in vessels, such as thickening of the intima-media complex and detection of atherosclerotic plaques, and in kidneys, such as an elevated albumin-creatinine ratio in the early morning urine sample, were detected in young adults with non–alcoholic fatty liver disease. The values of the albumin-creatinine ratio had moderate positive linear correlations with the content of total and visceral fat, body mass index, and waist/hip circumference ratio.