bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considérations sur la « branche cadette » du formalisme russe : Mixail Gasparov, Boris Jarxo, Gustav Špet
Authors: Avtonomova Natalia , Berelowitch Alexis , Depretto Catherine
Published: October 2018

La branche moscovite du formalisme russe est étudiée à partir de l’exemple des conceptions de Boris Jarxo (1889-1942) et des suites, tant pratiques que théoriques, que leur a données Mixail Gasparov (1935-2005). Gasparov, un des plus éminents spécialistes de philologie classique en Russie, traducteur et théoricien du vers, reprenait la distinction établie par Jarxo entre science et non-science en affirmant que la science n’était pas « une forme de la connaissance mais une forme d’exposition de cette dernière » : les idées peuvent naître d’une intuition ou d’une révélation, mais la tâche de la science est de répondre de l’exposé articulé des résultats de la connaissance, soumis au régime de la preuve et non de la conviction. Gasparov usait des principes de Jarxo comme d’une évidence. Or, selon un certain nombre d’historiens de la science, ces idées ont été empruntées par Jarxo à Gustav Špet (1879-1937). L’article examine la confrontation Špet / Jarxo, qui prend la forme d’oppositions du type science / création, science / art, recherche scientifique / art et même, sur un plan personnel, l’opposition affirmation / effacement de soi. L’article s’appuie sur la correspondance Mixail Gasparov-Nina Braginskaja et sur leur appréciation d’Ol’ga Frejdenberg ou de Mixail Baxtin.
Approche féministe et recherche en S.I. : une étude de MIS Quarterly
Authors: Morley Chantal
Published: October 2018

Depuis plusieurs dizaines d’années, dans différentes disciplines académiques (histoire, anthropologie, sociologie, sciences de l’éducation, sciences de gestion…), un ensemble de travaux interrogent la construction sociale des rôles de sexe et partagent, à des degrés divers, une approche de recherche que l’on peut appeler « approche féministe ». L’objectif de cet article est d’utiliser cette approche pour comprendre comment le féminin-masculin est pris en compte dans les recherches en systèmes d’information (SI), et plus précisément dans une revue phare, MIS Quarterly . Pour cela, nous avons d’abord fait une description des différentes dimensions d’une approche féministe. En utilisant ce cadre, nous avons analysé de façon systématique tous les articles où le terme gender apparaît, en ayant à l’esprit que le terme en anglais peut aussi bien renvoyer à une variable démographique qu’à une notion de genre, entendue comme une organisation sociale des relations entre femmes et hommes. Notre analyse montre l’apport potentiel d’une approche féministe pour de nombreuses recherches en SI. Elle introduit une exigence accrue de rigueur théorique, elle permet de pointer sur des résultats culturellement biaisés ou sur des failles dans les démonstrations proposées, et elle peut conduire à des résultats plus solides, plus riches et plus nuancés. Par ailleurs, elle met en lumière une responsabilité éventuelle des chercheur.es dans le maintien de stéréotypes et/ou le renforcement de normes ou relations de pouvoir qui structurent un système d’information ou son management. Enfin, elle peut ouvrir sur de nouvelles perspectives de recherche.
La grammaticalisation des formes itives et ventives en latin
Authors: Dalbera Joseph
Published: October 2018

Comme d’autres langues, le latin fait usage des verbes ire , « aller », et uenire , « venir », au-delà de leur valeur de mouvement, dans des emplois qui s’étendent depuis la simple métaphore jusqu’à une véritable auxiliation. Ces lexèmes verbaux entrent en effet dans le cadre de trois, voire de quatre cas de grammaticalisation, accomplie à des degrés très divers : ire  /  uenire + supin, l’infinitif futur passif ( amatum iri ), ire  /  uenire parmi les verbes conséquentiels, ou encore ire  /  uenire dans des emplois métalinguistiques. Cette étude vise à présenter un état des lieux de ces expressions latines qui intègrent ces lexèmes ire et uenire , afin d’en présenter la construction et le fonctionnement, d’en mesurer le degré de grammaticalisation et de souligner, le cas échéant, d’éventuels liens qui les unissent ou des survivances dans les langues romanes.
On the Semantics of the Temporal Auxiliary Verb Ir (“Go”) in Portuguese
Authors: Móia Telmo
Published: October 2018

Comme de nombreuses autres langues, le portugais utilise des verbes de mouvement – en particulier, ir ( aller ) et vir ( venir ) – comme auxiliaires temporels suite à des processus de grammaticalisation. Cet article a pour but d’étudier les propriétés sémantiques (principalement) du premier de ces verbes ( ir ) comme auxiliaire temporel exprimant des valeurs de futur – ou plutôt de postériorité – en se focalisant sur sa concurrence avec des temps verbaux traditionnels. Les principaux problèmes traités sont : sa coexistence fréquente avec des suffixes verbaux explicites de postériorité sans redondance perçue ; son utilisation dans des scénarios non passés et passés en compétition avec le futur synthétique et avec le conditionnel synthétique, ou passé imperfectif, respectivement ; son utilisation possible (quoique pas totalement standard) dans des structures exprimant une relation de localisation antérieure (en association avec des points de perspective futurs). L’analyse, qui repose sur des données de corpus combinées à des exemples construits illustratifs, montre que le processus de grammaticalisation qui affecte ir est en marche et demeure incomplet.
Lactobacillus paracasei K5 displays adhesion, anti-proliferative activity and apoptotic effects in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Chondrou P. , Karapetsas A. , Kiousi D.E. , Tsela D. , Tiptiri-Kourpeti A. , Anestopoulos I. , Kotsianidis I. , Bezirtzoglou E. , Pappa A. , Galanis A.
Published: October 2018

Lactobacillus paracasei K5 is a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strain, isolated recently from feta-type cheese. Its probiotic potential has been demonstrated in a series of established in vitro tests. Moreover, incorporation of L. paracasei K5 as starter culture offered organoleptic and technological advantages to novel fermented food products. In the present study, further investigation of the potential probiotic activity of L. paracasei K5 was performed and its mechanisms of action were investigated. Employing quantitative analysis and confocal, fluorescent microscopy the adhesion properties of the above strain were studied. L. paracasei K5 displayed efficient adherence capacity to Caco-2 colon cancer cells, similarly to the reference strains Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Moreover, treatment of Caco-2 cells with L. paracasei K5 inhibited cell proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner. The anti-proliferative effects appear to be mediated through induction of apoptosis via modulation of expression of specific Bcl-2 family proteins. These results elucidate the mechanisms of action of L. paracasei K5 and enhance its potential probiotic activity.
Dependents and Deviants
Authors: Hersey Leigh Nanney
Published: October 2018

Forty-two states have considered a mandatory vaccination for school-age girls, but the proposed legislation is most often met with hostility and it rarely succeeds. Using newspaper articles from Arizona, Colorado, the District of Columbia, Georgia, Texas, and Virginia during these legislative sessions, narrative analysis is used to find common themes in the debate, including a medical/clinical approach, “government to the rescue,” individual cost constraint/access issues, logical narrative, sexuality/morality issues, parental rights, vaccination ethics, skepticism, and negative assumptions toward African-American girls. Using Schneider and Ingram's social construction theory, further discussion points to a better understanding of the target populations of this public policy. In reviewing this health policy debate, it is suggested that considerations go beyond the perceived health benefits of the policy and spill over into the civil and social welfare rights of the legislation.
Business Within Ethical Marketing Education
Authors: Nunes Carmina S. , Estima Ana , Manso Judite
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to offer a new perspective on how business ethics, and more specifically ethical marketing, can be integrated into ethical education and the teaching of good practices, providing answers for different organizational ethical questions. The authors argue that ethical marketing currently plays a pivotal role in organizations, making it necessary to properly address issues from a moral point of view. Referring to elements related to the marketing area, such as the market itself, costumers, products, promotion, price, place, etc., the authors demonstrate that ethics and its purpose can add value to any organization. The sphere of ethical marketing has had extraordinary visibility, especially throughout the last decades, probably because of how they relate to the four marketing-mix P's. The authors argue that it is crucial to have a solid understanding of the significance of these principles.
Engaging Students and Communities Through Service Learning and Community-Academia Partnerships
Authors: Bardus Marco , Domegan Christine T. , Suggs L. Suzanne , Mikkelsen Bent Egberg
Published: October 2018

In this chapter, the authors present cases from four teaching marketing education experiences, based on community engagement and service learning principles. The cases address environmental and social issues (i.e., waste minimization [Lebanon], food consumption [Denmark], intellectual disability [Ireland], water consumption, and plastic waste reduction [Switzerland]). This chapter stems from discussions generated during a thematic workshop the authors organized at the 3rd European Social Marketing Conference, held in Espoo, Finland, on September 22, 2016. Through these cases, the authors aim to stimulate critical reflection on the role of service learning in the broader marketing education and on the intersection between education and profession.
New Course Design to Reply Uncertainty
Authors: Pantano Eleonora , Priporas Constantinos-Vasilios
Published: October 2018

The importance of students' preparedness to work immediately after university, industry demand of specific graduates, and current trends in marketing studies are pushing university to reconsider their traditional marketing programs by including more interdisciplinary perspectives, such as innovation and technology management. However, innovation theory is relatively new for marketing research, while studies on the extent to which marketing education should encompass innovation theory are still limited. Drawing upon the exploitation of the thresholds concepts, the chapter proposes a new approach to design an innovative course based on the integration of innovation theory with marketing management for postgraduate marketing students to address this challenge. These threshold concepts would emerge as the core concepts for synthesizing innovation theory and marketing management for supporting the development of the new marketing programs.
Service Learning
Authors: Martins Ana , Pereira Orlando Petiz , Martins Isabel
Published: October 2018

The chapter highlights the endogenous strengths that humans have of exposing society to sustainable change. At birth, humans bring with them a triptych code including, the social, emotional and spiritual, that needs to be further developed. Those non-cognitive skills that schooling should instill are possible via service learning education. Through education, individual citizens are enthused with harmonious cognitive and non-cognitive skills which are positive, inclusive, humane, in harmony with life and circumstances. In the current complex and uncertain economy, this education model is directed at social responsibility, social innovation, citizenship, personal and social commitment. Being holistic, multi-focused and dynamic, it brings together learning, service and the economy. This learning- teaching model aligns with an intellectual and humanized society; entails two simultaneous objectives, pedagogical and community collaboration; focuses on real circumstances, deals with community-identified needs, solidarity, cooperation, harmony and commitment.
Theoretical Perspective on Contemporary Leadership Styles
Authors: Kişi Nermin
Published: October 2018

Leaders can influence the behavior of their followers through the use of different leadership styles. Therefore, the leadership style is viewed as a key determinant of organizational effectiveness. In recent years, leadership trends are changing rapidly, and paradigm shifts in leadership are occurring all over the world. There has especially been a significant expansion of research on contemporary leadership styles. This chapter reviews the most popular and influential leadership styles currently used and present a comprehensive view of two leadership approaches. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the theoretical perspective of the transformational and relational leadership styles among contemporary leadership approaches. It is expected that research results will be a source for both educational and business contexts.
The Evolution of Corporate Divestment
Authors: Freitas da Silva Pedro Miguel , Moreira António Carrizo
Published: October 2018

When compared to other fields of research such as mergers and acquisitions, corporate divestment is under researched. There are at least three main reasons for this: the environment in which corporate divestment research has taken place has caused divestments to be understood as acquisition-driven rather than strategy-driven, the scope and distinct modes of divestment, and the difficulties in isolating the divestment phenomena. The objective of this chapter is to review the main theoretical approaches used in the study of divestment, to analyze their contribution to the field, and to discuss whether new approaches are needed in divestment research. Most studies of divestment are based on the concept that divestment is the outcome of poor unit performance, and the reversal of previous over-diversification and growth strategies that expanded the company size beyond optimal control. This chapter proposes four future lines of research into corporate divestment: the international business strategy, the network perspective, the stakeholders' perspective, and the institutional theory.
The Impact of Technological, Governance, and Political Capabilities on Firms' Performances Under Economic Turbulence
Authors: Altınçubuk Beste
Published: October 2018

Although there have been various studies exploring the effects of capabilities on firms' performances, it is not clear whether particular capabilities would create more competitive advantage for firms under recessionary periods compared to expansionary periods. The main focus in this chapter is to examine the impacts of technological, governance, and political capabilities on firms' performances under recessionary and expansionary periods. The aim of this chapter is to explore these effects by drawing upon resource-based theory, transaction cost theory, and resource dependence theory.
Learning Organizations
Authors: Özdemir Şefik
Published: October 2018

The main aim of this chapter is to contribute to the literature by providing detailed information on the learning organization. Therefore, the study will first provide general information on learning and learning organization concepts and examine the development of the learning organization. Then, it includes information on the basic skills of the learning organizations, the five disciplines of the learning organizations, the features of the learning organizations, the differences between the traditional and learning organizations, and the benefits that the learning organization.
Developing Assessment Literacy Through Assessing Classroom Tests
Authors: White Eddy
Published: October 2018

While the importance and lack of assessment literacy (AL) has been widely reported in the education and language teaching literature, tools and methods to help teachers actually develop competence in classroom assessment are much more limited. This chapter seeks to help fill that gap and provide tools and procedures for developing AL through teachers formatively assessing classroom tests developed (or adapted) by their peers. This chapter reports on a test review process developed by the author (and Assessment Coordinator) in an English center at an American university. It details a process started in 2012 and currently in use to review teacher-made tests in various programs. Importantly, the instruments and procedures themselves, as well as samples of their use, are provided and shared for possible use in developing AL in other contexts and programs. This report is unique in detailing a process of actually using formative assessment, by and for teachers, to help develop teacher's assessment competence.
Aligning Curriculum, Instruction, and Classroom Assessment in a University English Language Program
Authors: Hamstra Caitlin A. , Bell Amy
Published: October 2018

Curriculum, instruction, and classroom assessments should all be aligned with each other in order to promote student learning. By achieving alignment, classroom assessments become integrated into the curriculum and guide what and how teachers teach and what and how students learn. This chapter describes the case of how one university English language program improved curricular alignment through the use of teacher alignment forms for student learning outcomes (SLOs), level meetings, the use of test specifications, a peer review process for test development, an assessment handbook, and assessment workshops for teachers. These practices ensure explicit and documented alignment among their curriculum, instruction, and assessments.
Planning and Assessing Group (Video) Projects in Foreign Language Classes
Authors: Ecke Peter
Published: October 2018

This chapter provides suggestions for the planning, conduct, and assessment of group (video) projects in foreign language classes. It first outlines a rationale for the use of project work and discusses the benefits and challenges of incorporating group projects in foreign language classes. To illustrate how group projects may be implemented and assessed within a specific course, the chapter describes an intermediate-level content- and task-based foreign language course on fairy tales. It details how course objectives, tasks, and assessments are aligned and how a group video project, in which students plan, produce, and present their own (modern) fairy tale film, is integrated in the course. The proposed assessments are both process-based and product-based and include self-assessment, peer assessment, and assessment by the instructor. Forms and rubrics that are used by students and instructor to assess the process of participating in the project and the project's end product are presented so that they can be adapted easily by interested readers.
Ipsative Assessment of Essay Writing to Foster Reflection and Self-Awareness of Progress
Authors: Univio Diana Jazmin , Pérez Andrea del Pilar
Published: October 2018

Ipsative assessment to improve argumentative essay writing aimed at studying how an alternative type of assessment, which persuaded learners to reflect on the feedback received and involved them as active assessment participants, influenced the writing skill of 24 students from two Colombian universities. The queries addressed throughout the chapter were analyzing the way students structured their essays by means of the Ipsative feedback and the influence of the assessment approach on students at the self-management levels. Findings revealed that through Ipsative assessment students enhanced their argumentative essay writing as they grasped the structural and reflective nature of this skill. Furthermore, the comparison of various drafts allowed learners to reflect on their improvements at the same time they raised self-awareness of progress and the whole process took students to the realization that they were developing generic skills useful for academic discourse. This chapter was also concerned with the effects of Ipsative assessment on self-directedness and lifelong learning.
Addressing Grammar and Vocabulary Testing Challenges
Authors: Corrales Kathleen A. , Ariza Erica Ferrer , Paba Lourdes Rey
Published: October 2018

Making informed decisions on both vocabulary and grammar testing poses significant challenges to classroom test designers. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to present the results of a review of the vocabulary and grammar classroom testing conducted in a university EFL program and to propose a model for this kind of review. Some of the findings of this review revealed strengths, including a balanced combination of both written formal tests and performance assessments as well as an emphasis on form and meaning in grammar and context-dependent and independent items in vocabulary. Some of the areas of improvement include a limited use of item types in the tests and broad vocabulary and grammar descriptors in all the rubrics that do not indicate the specific vocabulary or grammar students are expected to use at the level. The model proposed can be used by other language teachers and programs to guide the review of their own vocabulary and grammar testing practices and develop a better understanding on how vocabulary and grammar can be more effectively tested.
Common Errors in Teacher-Made Test Design
Authors: Fields Michael
Published: October 2018

Teaching and test writing require different skill sets. While teachers are often required to create language tests, they often have inadequate training. This may lead to tests that lack validity and reliability, making tests unfair for test-takers. Tests may contain more general errors in their development, leading to construct underrepresentation or construct-irrelevant variance, decreasing reliability and validity of the entire test and rendering results meaningless. Well-designed tests may also contain items that are not well constructed, which may again lower overall validity and reliability. These item-related errors include word matches, testing single words, issues with phrasing, developing good sets and distractors, and testing outside the text (such as language in the item or math skills). Increasing awareness of these issues and improving teacher skills in test writing will ensure more fairness for students in decisions based on test results.
Using 3D Printers to Engage Students in Research
Authors: Flowers Jim
Published: October 2018

Is the primary purpose of a 3D printer to manufacture a product? Yes, but students and teachers can also use 3D printers to learn about and engage in research and experimentation. This could begin with product research and development, then expand to technical areas based on additive manufacturing technologies, the physical and mechanical properties of additive manufacturing materials, and the properties of 3D printed products. Student inquiry can take the form of formal or informal experimentation and observational studies. Although dedicated testing equipment can facilitate more demanding investigations, it is possible for quite a bit of experimentation to be done with little or no dedicated testing equipment. It is hoped that the reader will identify different educational experiences with experimentation that might fit their learners' needs and see 3D printers as tools for conducting and teaching about research, including product research and development and research into process engineering and materials.
Using OpenSCAD for Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Liziero André Rafael , Basniak Maria Ivete
Published: October 2018

Three-dimensional representations have been used in teaching for several decades. However, these representations were made primarily using materials available in the market. The use of 3D printers has extended the possibility of creating and printing these objects, enabling the printing of three-dimensional models using computer designs. These computational designs or 3D computational modeling are built employing various software programs, which require reflections and strategies during their production. In this chapter, the authors discuss the possibilities of using the OpenSCAD software 3D models for teaching mathematics.
Education for Citizenship and Social Studies in Japan
Authors: Delgado-Algarra Emilio José
Published: October 2018

History has shown the influence that the West had on the legislative bases of Japanese education. In the Meiji Era (1868-1912), based on the French model, Japan's first formal educational system was established. There are discrepancies among researchers to locate the beginning of civic studies; however, after the Allied occupation, with the promulgation of the Basic Act on Education of 1947, social studies was introduced into the curriculum. Revisions of the social studies guidance from 1947 to the present have maintained as a constant element the development of civic qualities, as well as references to competences and awareness for civil life from society, history, and geography. Regarding the teaching of history and memories, after an original sources review, it can be established three stages of internationalization of the controversy from internal disputes in the 50s – 60s to the authorization of revisionist textbooks from 2001 to the present. However, despite this, several researches conclude that, nowadays, asepsis predominates in history textbooks of majority use.
Civic and Citizenship Education in the European Context
Authors: Damiani Valeria , Losito Bruno
Published: October 2018

This chapter aims at illustrating and discussing relevant and recent initiatives implemented at European level in the field of civic and citizenship education, the findings of research carried out in this area by international and European organizations, and some possible developments to enhance and to strengthen civic and citizenship education at a school level. The focus is on school and on formal education. In the first part of the chapter, the main programs and initiatives promoted by the Council of Europe and by the European Union are illustrated. In the last part of the chapter, therefore, the initiatives related to the so called “competences for citizenship” and the implications of a competence-oriented approach in the field of CCE are examined.
Leave No Trace Urban Program
Authors: Luhrs Otto Francisco
Published: October 2018

Outdoor activities have been installed as a massive phenomenon. In them, people declare behaving—and generally comply—in a respectful way with the natural spaces they visit. However, when time is everyday in a city where the life of today's humanity mostly happens, the ecological ethics tends to be relativized under a myriad of justifications. Caring for wild areas while we are in them and then damaging them from our urban life is something that does not make sense, because cause-effect relationships in nature do not recognize political borders, nor between countries, nor less between urban and non-urban areas; they only recognize geographic borders, which are permeable to the circulation of energy, gases, liquids, matter, information, life, and death. This proposal is aimed at reversing this paradox, sustaining ethics and actions of planetary care present in wilderness areas in urban daily life.
Citizenship Education
Authors: Strandbrink Peter
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate salient approaches to citizenship and civic-normative education in liberal democratic life. The chapter argues that core technocratic assumptions about clarity, linearity, and predictability feeding into civic-educational deployment and change warrant critical attention. The chapter aims to shed new light on states' instinct to regard themselves and their value sets as seamless conceptual wholes. A range of ramifications of this typical approach are interrogated, in principle as well as in relation to Swedish civic-educational matrices. The chapter refines a heuristic model for unpacking citizenship and civic-normative education thinking in liberal democracy originally presented in an earlier work by the author. It is concluded that even as the enormous policy efforts that go into organizing and revamping public civic-normative education in response to new societal challenges have little chance of meeting governments' intentions; they may still be important since they are exerted in highly visible public spaces and domains.
Theorizing Young People's Perceptions of Their Citizenship Identity
Authors: Leighton Ralph , Nielsen Laila
Published: October 2018

The paradigm of social justice gives voice to those without the resources to deal with responsibilities imposed by a neoliberal agenda. The authors focus on pupils in Sweden and England, countries which have moved from a sense of communality to the growth of neoliberal societal individualism. To clarify real citizenship (rather than formal), they apply the concepts of intersectionality and of human capabilities in place of rights, which means that people adhere to numerous simultaneous collectivities and having the capability to do something requires more than an entitlement to it. While everyone might have the right to an education and to a dignified life, many live in powerlessness and in political, social, and economic exclusion. Sufficient human capabilities are required in order to receive the education necessary for citizenship in its real meaning, and the intersectional approach enables interrogation of factors that coalesce, rather than viewing in them in isolation.
Learning for Democratic Citizenship
Authors: Kristensen Niels Nørgård
Published: October 2018

This chapter investigates students' political learning by unfolding the dynamic patterns of political learning that can be explored among Scandinavian students. To serve this purpose, the following research question is forwarded: What dynamic patterns of political learning can be uncovered among various upper secondary students in relation to participation in political institutions? By the incorporation of theories of learning in the analytical approach, it is shown how students display a complex pattern of political attentiveness. School-based civics education programs to some extent seem to have failed to equip young people with the tools, knowledge, and experience needed for participation in political institutions. Research in this area has traditionally been interested in either the political awareness of youth or the sources of influence on the youth. However, there has not been a lot of interest in the various offsprings initiating the political engagement and political development. Summing up, some recommendations for citizenship education are forwarded.
Legal Considerations of Institutions Surrounding Student Activism
Authors: Sheffer Joshua D.
Published: October 2018

Student activism raises many legal issues for institutions. Many of these issues concern schools' attempts to control or respond to student activists, but institutions must also be wary of the legal implications of their actions and policies aimed at the targets of student activism. In a world of sometimes-competing rights, institutions must balance often-conflicting considerations surrounding student activism. These considerations are multiplied for institutions accepting government funding and even more so for public colleges and universities. This chapter presents a basic framework of the legal issues institutions face surrounding student activism, the current state of the law on those issues, and legal trends, in an effort to help institutions protect their students and themselves while harnessing the learning and development opportunities student activism presents.
Student Activism at the Urban Community College
Authors: Smith Everrett A.
Published: October 2018

Historically, activism has long been a vehicle for student voices to be heard on the American college campus. Specifically for community colleges, student activism dates back to the early 20th century, throughout the 60s, early 70s, and continues today. Most recently, there has been a wave of student protests at community colleges in urban settings, including El Centro College in Dallas, Texas, where a sniper eventually opened fire on on-duty police officers at a rally. Student activism at urban community colleges are plausibly more expected because of the many controversial issues that urban environments produce, including issues around race, gender, crime, and socio-economic inequities. This chapter explores student activism on the urban community college campus during periods of heightened unrest in the United States, and will include an examination of the paradigms that have influenced working with students during these experiences.
Student Athlete Activism in a Millennial World
Authors: Pope Myron L. , Smith Darnell , Pope Shanna
Published: October 2018

College student athletes are among the most recognized students in their communities, across the country, and in some cases around the world. Their voices hold a significant esteem, and they can impact many societal and political issues. Some have postulated that college student-athletes are hesitant to be a part of these politics, but during the past few years, many have taken stands through social media and through protests on their campuses that have been in opposition to the stances of their coaches, their university's administration, and their teammates. Many, however, challenge the role that student athletes have in these protests. This chapter will explore the history of student athlete activism and its developmental aspects, highlight the more recent instances of such activism, and finally discuss how university administration and others can support and be responsive to the concerns that are expressed by this unique set of students.
The Next Generation Sequencing Techniques and Application in Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: Hussain Afzal
Published: October 2018

Next-generation sequencing or massively parallel sequencing describe DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, or methylation sequencing, which shows its great impact on the life sciences. The recent advances of these parallel sequencing for the generation of huge amounts of data in a very short period of time as well as reducing the computing cost for the same. It plays a major role in the gene expression profiling, chromosome counting, finding out the epigenetic changes, and enabling the future of personalized medicine. Here the authors describe the NGS technologies and its application as well as applying different tools such as TopHat, Bowtie, Cufflinks, Cuffmerge, Cuffdiff for analyzing the high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data.
Optimizing Cloud Computing Costs of Services for Consumers
Authors: Weintraub Eli , Cohen Yuval
Published: October 2018

Cloud computing consumers wish to minimize their costs. Minimization depends on the technological infrastructure operated by providers. Cloud computing services are composed of services organized according to a hierarchy of software services, platforms, and infrastructures. Providers offer software services as bundles of services which include software, platform, and infrastructures. Bundling prevents customers from splitting their service purchases between different providers. Bundling policy is likely to change in the long run since it contradicts economic competition. This chapter assumes that in the future market forces will push providers to act in a free competitive market. The proposed model is aimed at the potential customer who wishes to find the optimal combination of service providers which minimizes his costs. The model suggests two possible strategies for implementation in organizations.
ICT Investments and Recovery of Troubled Economies
Authors: Papadopoulos Ioannis , Syropoulos Apostolos
Published: October 2018

The economy of any country can thrive, decline, or remain steady. A declining economy is a troubled one, and it is necessary to find ways to reverse its course. Naturally, there is no single recipe to put a troubled economy back on track, but innovation and technology always help an economy to boost itself. In particular, information and computer technology (ICT) and innovations are very relevant today since almost everything (people, companies, products, etc.) have a digital identity. Thus, investing in ICT can help a troubled economy to recover. More specifically, countries with deep fundamental problems like Greece can be benefited by a wide adoption of ICT.
Entrepreneurship as the Vantage Point
Authors: Kamakula Madhu Kishore Raghunath Raghunath , Patro Chandra Sekhar
Published: October 2018

Entrepreneurship is the impetus for development of any nation. Entrepreneurship is a revolution to ignite the minds of low spirited youth and would be considered as a means to revolutionize enterprises. Industrialization and entrepreneurship go on the same lines as the former created foundation for current modernized Indian enterprises. In today's world, entrepreneurship has become an act of inspiration which eventually has a compounding effect on society, benefiting mankind. India is going through a new phase where one is going to witnesses old wine in a new bottle (i.e., start-ups). The purpose of the chapter is to articulate the potential importance the word entrepreneurship holds and the tools of IT used in entrepreneurial development.
The Effect of Social Media Networking in the Travel Industry
Authors: Kavoura Androniki , Kefallonitis Efstathios
Published: October 2018

Many travelers have at least one account in one of the popular social media networking websites or applications (Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, Instagram). Airlines and travel agencies often encourage their customers to use their personal profile to (1) either interact with the company directly or (2) participate in online discussions with other users about that company. The use of social media for the purpose of interacting with travel industry companies and other travelers has created multiple online communities. The travel industry is using these online communities as a new advertising and communication channel to reach customers, thus serving both as a customer service and innovative marketing tool. The multidisciplinary nature of this chapter identifies under-researched areas and sheds new light in the way that connected passengers search for travel-related information. The authors explore how connected passengers develop a sense of belonging in social media networking websites.
Are Social Marketing Investments Used as a Tool for Voluntary Reporting or Disclosure?
Authors: Uysal Tugba Ucma , Kurt Ganite , Karabulut Ali Naci
Published: October 2018

The need to respond to a number of issues that are experienced due to increasing population at the global level and volume of production have resulted in the development of new corporate behavioral patterns of enterprises. It is possible to say that the process of change in question constitutes new milestones both in terms of reporting and marketing. The chapter emphasizes a social marketing and sustainability reporting that includes social sanctions per se which are based on voluntariness and which are being applied by enterprises to express themselves within the scope of daily business practices, and exemplifying cases are being presented regarding the utilization of social marketing investments of organizations in terms of voluntary reporting and disclosure.
Marketing and Marketing Plan for Information Services
Authors: Maravilhas Sérgio
Published: October 2018

Marketing is a social and economic process through which individuals and groups meet their needs and desires by creating and exchanging products among themselves. Initially, marketing was practiced by companies in selling sectors of products and services and did not seem to fit the noncommercial side. In recent decades, almost all types of organizations adopted the methods and practices of marketing, including information services. It is necessary to develop a program to properly plan all the actions and resources needed to achieve these objectives, and effectively control the deviations relative to them, allowing correcting the actions that do not get the expected results in order to constantly improve the system implemented. For this, it is necessary to devise a marketing plan that focuses on the planning of all activities and objectives we want to achieve and the means necessary to do so. The marketing plan is a strategic document that will serve to identify the position occupied in the market, set goals and how they will be achieved, and expected results.
Simulation experiments and validation for considering bus priority treatments in small cites: The case of Hawassa city, Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Robel , Teklu Bikila , Dananto Mihret
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the development of network and intersection simulation models using microsimulation tool, along with validation of the models is studied. The validated microscopic simulation models can be utilized for further evaluation of various traffic operational conditions, such as bus priority measures for improving bus service performance. Traffic planning should put emphasis on the promotion of public transport to ensure sustainability. In planning transport setups, computer models ensure the analysis of different alternative public transport options like bus priority treatments. Various traffic performance indicators like; headway, delay, queue length, travel speed and travel time were considered during the validation of the simulation models. The obtained results from the developed simulation experiments and the statistical comparison with the field traffic behavior assured that the models accurately represent the actual traffic nature with less than 10% margin of error. The simulation experiment results show that the City’s road corridors can accurately be created in microsimulation tools before conducting an impact analysis for alternative transportation strategies.Keywords: Microscopic simulation, microsimulation tool, public transport, traffic performance indicators, validation
Large simulated radiative effects of smoke in the south-east Atlantic
Authors: Gordon Hamish , Field Paul R. , Abel Steven J. , Dalvi Mohit , Grosvenor Daniel P. , Hill Adrian A. , Johnson Ben T. , Miltenberger Annette K. , Yoshioka Masaru , Carslaw Ken S.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. A 1200×1200 km2 area of the tropical South Atlantic Ocean near Ascension Island is studied with the HadGEM climate model at convection-permitting and global resolutions for a 10-day case study period in August 2016. During the simulation period, a plume of biomass burning smoke from Africa moves into the area and mixes into the clouds. At Ascension Island, this smoke episode was the strongest of the 2016 fire season.The region of interest is simulated at 4 km resolution, with no parameterised convection scheme. The simulations are driven by, and compared to, the global model. For the first time, the UK Chemistry and Aerosol model (UKCA) is included in a regional model with prognostic aerosol number concentrations advecting in from the global model at the boundaries of the region.Fire emissions increase the total aerosol burden by a factor of 3.7 and cloud droplet number concentrations by a factor of 3, which is consistent with MODIS observations. In the regional model, the inversion height is reduced by up to 200 m when smoke is included. The smoke also affects precipitation, to an extent which depends on the model microphysics. The microphysical and dynamical changes lead to an increase in liquid water path of 60 g m−2 relative to a simulation without smoke aerosol, when averaged over the polluted period. This increase is uncertain, and smaller in the global model. It is mostly due to radiatively driven dynamical changes rather than precipitation suppression by aerosol.Over the 5-day polluted period, the smoke has substantial direct radiative effects of +11.4 W m−2 in the regional model, a semi-direct effect of −30.5 W m−2 and an indirect effect of −10.1 W m−2. Our results show that the radiative effects are sensitive to the structure of the model (global versus regional) and the parameterization of rain autoconversion. Furthermore, we simulate a liquid water path that is biased high compared to satellite observations by 22 % on average, and this leads to high estimates of the domain-averaged aerosol direct effect and the effect of the aerosol on cloud albedo. With these caveats, we simulate a large net cooling across the region, of −27.6 W m−2.
First occurrence of Duboisia (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from Thailand
Authors: Nishioka Yuichiro , Vidthayanon Chavalit
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The first fossil record of Duboisia (Boselaphini, Bovidae) from Thailand confirms that this genus is no longer endemic to Java, Indonesia. The new fossil material is a calvarium with horn cores (older than the Middle Pleistocene) collected from a sandpit at Tha Chang, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, north-eastern Thailand. The present specimen is provisionally allocated to a species of Duboisia aff. D. santeng, which has weaker precornual ridges and anterior keels on the horn cores than D. santeng from Early and Middle Pleistocene deposits of Java, but these species share basic characteristics of horn cores as follows: the lower half inclined backwards; the upper half curved upwards; cross section rounded triangular, antero-posteriorly compressed, and with medial and lateral keels. Morphological similarities between D. aff. santeng and D. santeng support a strong faunal interchange between continental South East Asia and Java before the Middle Pleistocene, and suggest that the genus Duboisia diverged from the other genera of Boselaphini in the “Siva-Malayan” region.
Combining probability distributions of sea level variations and wave run-up to evaluate coastal flooding risks
Authors: Leijala Ulpu , Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Johansson Milla M. , Pellikka Havu , Laakso Lauri , Kahma Kimmo K.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Tools for estimating probabilities of flooding hazards caused by the
simultaneous effect of sea level and waves are needed for the secure planning
of densely populated coastal areas that are strongly vulnerable to climate
change. In this paper we present a method for combining location-specific
probability distributions of three different components: (1) long-term mean
sea level change, (2) short-term sea level variations and (3) wind-generated
waves. We apply the method at two locations in the Helsinki archipelago to
obtain total water level estimates representing the joint effect of the still
water level and the wave run-up for the present, 2050 and 2100. The
variability of the wave conditions between the study sites leads to a
difference in the safe building levels of up to 1 m. The rising mean
sea level in the Gulf of Finland and the uncertainty related to the
associated scenarios contribute notably to the total water levels for the
year 2100. A test with theoretical wave run-up distributions illustrates the
effect of the relative magnitude of the sea level variations and wave
conditions on the total water level. We also discuss our method's
applicability to other coastal regions.