bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Analysis of Phenolic Acid Composition of Phlomis syriaca
Authors: Kepekçi Remziye Aysun , Pehlivan Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Phlomis genus is one of the genera of Lamiacea family with various pharmaceutical activity. Although phythochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of most of the Phlomis genus are well documented, there is a scarce of research on Phlomis syriaca. This study was performed to reveal phenolic acids of P. syriaca inorder to encourage more studies based on its phytochemicals to elucidate the pharmacalogical activity of this plant. Total phenolic compound amount of P. syriaca was detected as 48.46 ± 4.30 μg GAEs/mg extract according to Folin– Ciocalteu method. An HPLC method was developed to quantify the amounts of nine phenolic compounds in the methanol extract of P.syriaca. The developed analytical system led to the separation, identification and the quantification of nine phenolic compounds most frequently found in plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The phenolic acids with determined concentrations in descending order were as follows, respectively; p-coumaric acid (5.334 mg/L), caffeic acid (2.367 mg/L), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1.978 mg/L), ferulic acid (1. 052 mg/L), chlorogenic acid (0.581 mg/L), rosmarinic acid (0.546 mg/L), protocautechic acid (0.287 mg/L), gallic acid (0.186 mg/L). cinamic acid (0.064 mg/L).
Bronchopulmonary Complications of Nasogastric tube Placement
Authors: Schreiber Jens , Hachenberg Thomas , Föllner Sebastian , Riedel Sandra
Published: November 2022

Importance: Nasogastric tube (NGT) placement can cause severe thoracic and non-thoracic complications, which can cause severe morbidity and mortality. The knowledge of predisposing factors is crucial for prevention of these complications. Design: We report on three different cases of severe complication of NGT placement, which have not yet been described. Results: In the first case, intrathoracic malposition of a NGT in a sliding gastric hiatus herniation and repeated insufflations of air for localization control resulted in compression and laceration of the lungs with massive pulmonary hemorrhage. In the second, there was a perforation of both the esophagus and the membranous part of the trachea from the gullet site by a guidewire-containing NGT. In the third case, severe pleuropulmonary complications occurred after short-term intrabronchial malposition. Conclusions: These cases are intended to encourage vigilance to reasons and the clinical course of thoracic complications of NGT placement. Predisposing factors and preventive measures are discussed.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with HIV Status Disclosure among Pregnant and Lactating Women on Antiretroviral Treatment after Rollout of Option B Plus in Urban Moshi Tanzania
Authors: Oshosen Martha , Sabasaba Amon , Ngocho James Samwel , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil
Published: November 2022

Objective: At the first antenatal visit, HIV counseling and testing are offered to all pregnant women in Tanzania. HIV-infected women are encouraged to disclose their status to the partner. The objective of this study was to determine prevalence and factors associated with HIV status disclosure among pregnant and lactating women on antiretroviral therapy after rollout of Option B plus in urban Moshi.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2015. Participants were recruited from 4 health facilities in urban Moshi. All HIV-infected women aged 18 years and above attending Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) clinic were invited to participate. However, pregnant women who receive their test results on the day of enrollment were excluded. The interviews were conducted in Kiswahili language using an interview schedule.

Results: A total of 167 HIV-positive pregnant and lactating women were enrolled in this study. Overall, the prevalence of HIV status disclosure was 74.9%. Most women were married 121 (72.5%) and had primary education 96 (57.5%). Factors that were significantly associated with HIV status disclosure to partner are disclosure counselling (APR=2.11; 95% IC: 1.58-2.84), knowing partner's HIV status (APR=2.16; 95% CI: 1.61- 2.90) and living together with their partner (APR=2.17; 95% IC: 1.61-3.03).

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of HIV status disclosure to partner. Knowing partner’s status was significantly associated with disclosure. Partner involvement and disclosure counseling is key in HIV disclosure.
Functional Aspects and Physiotherapy Education in Home Between Intra- and Extra-Capsular Femoral Fractures of Hospitalized Elderly
Authors: Lanzotti Humberto , Armond Jane de Eston , Ribeiro Ana Paula
Published: November 2022

Objective: To verify the intra- and extra-capsular femoral fracture, the degree of dysfunction that the elderly patient presents in the postoperative period, and the care they receive at hospital discharge. Design/Setting: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted elderly patients hospitalized for proximal femoral fractures who received clinical and surgical care in a public hospital. Participants: Twenty-five elderly patients with femoral fractures: intra capsular (GFI; n=11) and extra-capsular (GFE; n=14). Main Outcome Measures: Questionnaire to the postoperative clinical aspects was performed. The angle joint of the lower limbs was determined by goniometer and the foot functionality by Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire. The pain was evaluated using the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and muscle strength by the force scale. Results: A greater female predominance was observed for GFI group. Regarding home guidelines, both groups of fractures did not present reports by the health professionals involved. The range of motion remained reduced for hip adduction and ankle dorsiflexion in GFE group. The GFI group reduced flexion and extension knee and the functionality of the feet. Conclusions: It can be concluded that proximal femoral fractures intra- and extra-capsular, differ according to gender, with a female predominance of intra-capsular fractures. As well, regarding the range of joint motion, the extra-capsular fractures resulted in reductions in hip adduction and ankle dorsiflexion compared to intra-capsular fractures, which presented reductions in knee flexion and extension. Regardless of the type of fracture, there was no home guidance after the surgical procedure.
The Perspectives on Barriers and Facilitators in Communication by the Healthcare Professionals and Older Healthcare Users: The Role of Health Literacy
Authors: Efthymiou Areti , Rovithis Michael , Kalaitzaki Argyroula
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Older people are the basic users of health services. However, studies have shown that they have relatively low health literacy (HL) levels which results in many negative health outcomes. HL is a major challenge in public healthcare systems and an important determinant of optimised health outcomes and better quality of life for older people. On the other hand, professionals lack knowledge and skills to identify older people’s HL level and therefore, the delivery of care may be insufficient.

The study aimed to report the perspectives on the barriers and facilitators in communication during the medical encounter by both the healthcare professionals and older healthcare users.

Method: A qualitative study design was applied. One group with seven healthcare professionals and another one with five people over 60 years old discussed about HL knowledge and their experiences (attitudes and behaviors, barriers, and facilitators) of the healthcare professional -patient interaction. The focus groups took place virtually and were coordinated by the senior author. The discussions were analysed using the content analysis method.

Results: Communication facilitators during the healthcare professional-patient interaction as reported by the healthcare professionals included: the need to trust and collaborate with the older people, patients’ specific characteristics (high level of education, psychological resilience and good judgmental), carers’ participation, the use of clear language and a person-centred approach. Communication barriers were considered the older people’s rigid beliefs about their lifestyle, the age-related cognitive, psychological, and sensory deficits, the function, and the structure of the healthcare system (e.g., professionals’ excessive workload). On the other hand, older people mentioned the importance of being prepared to ask questions during the medical encounter, being respected and included in the decision-making process.

Conclusion: Easy-to-use Health Literacy training tools adapted to healthcare professionals’ everyday needs are considered necessary to improve the professionals-patients interaction, enhance their communication skills and promote the person-centred care within the framework of the Greek National Healthcare System. The integration of the tools as part of the training courses could prepare healthcare professionals with the enhanced the HL skills needed to improve the quality of care they provide and reduce the cost of care in general.
The “Well-Dressed Snake Personality”: An Insight into Narcissistic/Psychopathic Personalities
Authors: Orsolini Laura , Cicolini Angelica , Salvi Virginio , Volpe Umberto
Published: November 2022

How many kinds of malevolent characters are out there? In line with Paulhus and Williams (2002) the answer is three, namely the Dark Triad of Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Dark traits (DT) are associated with emotional deficits, exploitation, immoral strategic thinking, and risky behaviors. All three traits have been largely investigated mainly during the last decades. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the available literature regarding the characteristics of personality traits associated with the DT, by focusing on the main consequences of the DT from a psychopathological and psychiatric perspective. Studies found a strong association between DT traits and several types of negative psychosocial outcomes such as substance use, sexual promiscuity, aggression, and crime. Nevertheless, there is specific literature showing the advantages of scoring high DT traits, for example the assumption of positions of authority over other people, and the expression of low levels of social anxiety. Although the literature mainly focuses on the consequences that DT traits may have for society in general, there is a lack of studies investigating the personal repercussions, in the psychopathological and/or psychiatric dimensions in those individuals scoring high DT traits. Therefore, further research is needed to clarify how the different personality dark traits may interact with each other and modulate not only the individual’s life choices but also how and whether DT traits may predispose or not to the onset of a specific psychiatric disorder.
Modal analysis of transverse Anderson localization based on the imaginary distance BPM
Authors: Niu Jiangfeng , Du Liuge , Gao Feng , Zhao Jia
Published: November 2022

The transverse Anderson localization (TAL) can always be observed in one-dimensional (1D) disordered systems as long as the transverse dimension is significantly larger than the localization length. This paper presents a detailed modal analysis in one particular realization of the 1D disordered optical waveguides with wavelength-scale feature size based on the imaginary distance beam propagation method (BPM). The localized modes are independent of the physical properties of the external excitation. Additionally, we investigate how the boundaries of disordered waveguides affect the localized modes, which are only related to the design parameters such as feature size, refractive index contrast, and fill-fraction. Finally, we explore the impact of the design parameters on the average localized mode width in the 1D disordered waveguides.
Endometriosis and pregnancy: The illusion of recovery
Authors: Veyrié Axel , Netter Antoine , Carcopino Xavier , Miquel Laura , Agostini Aubert , Courbiere Blandine
Published: November 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the feelings and experiences of infertile women with deep infiltrating endometriosis during and after a first pregnancy achieved by in-vitro fertilization (IVF). We conducted a qualitative monocentric study between May and November 2020. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with infertile women with deep infiltrating endometriosis who achieved a first pregnancy by IVF and delivered at least two years prior to the interview. Data analysis was performed using an inductive approach to identify recurrent categories and themes. Fifteen interviews were conducted to reach data saturation. Pregnancy appeared to improve all components of the experience of endometriosis that were explored (psychological and physical well-being, social relationships, professional life, and sexuality). This improvement was only temporary and all symptoms and negative aspects of the women’s quality of life reappeared after a variable period.
Makeup increases attractiveness in male faces
Authors: Batres Carlota , Robinson Hannah
Published: November 2022

Makeup is commonly attributed with increasing attractiveness in female faces, but this effect has not been investigated in male faces. We therefore sought to examine whether the positive effect of makeup on attractiveness can be extended to male faces. Twenty men were photographed facing forward, under constant camera and lighting conditions, with neutral expressions, and closed mouths. Each man was photographed twice: once without any cosmetics applied and another time with subtle cosmetics applied by a professional makeup artist. Two hundred participants then rated those 40 images on attractiveness. The male faces were rated as higher in attractiveness when presented wearing makeup, compared to when presented not wearing makeup. This was true for both male and female raters, and whether analyzing the data using a by-participant or a by-face analysis. These results provide the first empirical evidence that makeup increases attractiveness in male faces. Following work on female faces, future research should examine the effect of makeup on several other traits in male faces. The market for male cosmetics products is growing and evolving and this study serves as an initial step in understanding the effect of makeup on the perceptions of male faces.
Research on the emissions from industrial products exported from Guangdong Province—an input-output model analysis
Authors: Du Yu-Xia , Li Ming-Jie , Huang Jun-Jie
Published: November 2022

This study uses an input-output model to analyze the wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste emissions in Guangdong’s industrial exports from 2004 to 2015; the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is used to analyze the factors influencing such pollution. The results reveal that embodied emissions of waste gas and solid waste in Guangdong’s export trade are increasing, while the increase in wastewater emissions is not apparent. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is used to analyze the influencing factors of pollution, specifically, the structural, scale, and technical effects. We discovered that emissions of the top five industries account for about 80% of total emissions and the wastewater emissions’ technical effect has more impact; however, it is difficult for this technical effect in terms of embodied waste gas and solid waste to offset the scale and structural effects’ impacts. Moreover, the trends and factors influencing various industries’ pollution emissions differ. This study proposes that when the government carries out environmental pollution control measures, they should consider the embodied pollution caused by products from foreign trade and focus on treating industries with severe pollution. Simultaneously, the pollution controlling measures of different industries should also vary.
Hospitalization among vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection after dose sparing strategies in Libya: A cohort study
Authors: Abdelhamid Mohamed Hadi Mohamed , Almsellati Iman Amin , Annajar Badereddin B. , Abdulhamid Alaa.H , Alemam Hafsa , Etikar Mohammed
Published: November 2022

SARS-CoV-2 infection is widely spread over people, from youth to the elderly. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is an essential preventive measure to help end the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A multi-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients in Libya who had received single-dose licensed three different types of vaccines (Oxford/AstraZeneca, CoronaVac, or Sputnik-V) and were admitted to healthcare centers with SARS-CoV-2 infection from 30th April to 15th July 2021. In this study, the number of people infected with SARS-COV-2 and the mortality rate from daily reports issued by the National Centers for Disease Control of Libya (NCDC) were collected. Approximately 445000 single doses of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine were administered in Libya from April to July 2021. In corresponding, 39996 people were infected during this period. It has been found that among the people who did not receive any vaccine, the number of patients infected by SARS-COV-2 and admitted to the healthcare centers, and died was (N = 3176 patients (7.94%), and 266 (7.10%) respectively). Compared to 43 (0.10%) of those admitted to healthcare centers who had taken a single dose from one of the licensed vaccines, of which 8 patients (0.02%) died during this period. The documented 23 patients were those who admitted to healthcare centers and got vaccinated with the CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccine. Fourteen patients received Oxford/AstraZeneca. Only 2 patients received the Sputnik V vaccine. Of the breakthrough infection cases reviewed, 8 patients died. No deaths due to breakthrough infection among Sputnik V vaccinated patients were reported. In conclusion, a single dose of the three different types of the vaccine has significantly reduced virus interpersonal transmission and also showed a decrease in the mortality rate until the tenth week in Libya. The present study demonstrates the extent of the remarkable success of the early rollout of the coronavirus national vaccination campaign.
Factors that characterize oleotourists in the province of Córdoba
Authors: Cava Jimenez José Antonio , Millán Vázquez de la Torre Mª Genoveva , Dancausa Millán Mª Genoveva
Published: November 2022

Oleotourism (olive oil tourism) is a new form of gastronomic tourism that satisfies increasingly challenging tourist demand, especially in the wake of the pandemic and for tourists who seek not only quality food products but also a safe environment to enjoy their chosen activity. Córdoba is a province in southern Spain where olives play a very important role, accounting for 50% of its cultivated area, and whose agricultural activity can be complemented with tourism due to its 189 oil mills that can welcome visitors for oil tasting. However, this type of tourism is not seeing an expected boom. This research analyzes, through a varimax analysis, the factors that attract and drive oleotourists as well as the components of such tourism. As a result, four principal components related to tourists and tourism offers were obtained, finding a high degree of satisfaction of oleotourist with the routes explored as well as a lack of knowledge of this type of tourism in international markets.
Current practice and barriers in the implementation of ultrasound-based assessment of muscle mass in Japan: A nationwide, web-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Nawata Keishi , Nakanishi Nobuto , Inoue Shigeaki , Liu Keibun , Nozoe Masafumi , Ono Yuko , Yamada Isamu , Katsukawa Hajime , Kotani Joji
Published: November 2022

Muscle mass is an important factor for surviving an illness. Ultrasound has gained increased attention as a muscle mass assessment method because of its noninvasiveness and portability. However, data on the frequency of ultrasound-based muscle mass assessment are limited, and there are some barriers to its implementation. Hence, a web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on healthcare providers in Japan, which comprised four parts: 1) participant characteristics; 2) general muscle mass assessment; 3) ultrasound-based muscle mass assessment; and 4) the necessity of, interest in, and barriers to its implementation. Necessity and interest were assessed using an 11-point Likert scale, whereas barriers were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, in which “Strongly agree” and “Agree” were counted for the analysis. Of the 1,058 responders, 1,026 participants, comprising 282 physicians, 489 physical therapists, 84 occupational therapists, 120 nurses, and 51 dieticians, were included in the analysis. In total, 93% of the participants were familiar with general muscle mass assessment, and 64% had conducted it. Ultrasound-based muscle mass assessment was performed by 21% of the participants. Necessity and interest scored 7 (6–8) and 8 (7–10), respectively for ultrasound-based muscle mass assessment. The barriers to its implementation included lack of relevant education (84%), limited staff (61%), and absence of fixed protocol (61%). Regardless of the necessity of and interest in ultrasound-based muscle mass assessment, it was only conducted by one-fifth of the healthcare providers, and the most important barrier to its implementation was lack of education.
Retinal layer segmentation in a cohort of healthy children via optical coherence tomography
Authors: Runge Anna-Katharina , Remlinger Jana , Abegg Mathias , Ferrazzini Thomas , Brügger Dominik , Weigt-Usinger Katharina , Lücke Thomas , Gold Ralf , Salmen Anke
Published: November 2022

Background

High-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows the detection of macular pathology and involvement of the optic nerve in a wide spectrum of diseases. For the differentiation of diseased and healthy status, normal values of retinal layer segmentation are critical. Yet, normative values mostly cover adult populations with only sparse data for paediatric cohorts. We present data of retinal layer characteristics via OCT in a healthy paediatric cohort.

Methods

This prospective cross-sectional study screened 75 healthy children (male = 42, female = 33, range 4–17 years) without visual problems. OCT was performed with a peripapillary ring and macula scan protocol to determine paediatric normative values for routine parameters (peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL), total macular volume (TMV), macular retinal thickness (RT)). The macula scan (6mm grid) was segmented using the device-inherent automated segmentation software (Heidelberg Eye Explorer) for retinal layers: RNFL, ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL) in 9 segments each and mean of the 9 segments.

Results

We obtained OCT data of 72 children with mean age 12.49 years (standard deviation, SD, 2.18; minimum 3.93). Mean global pRNFL was 102.20 μm (SD 8.24), mean TMV 8.81 mm3 (0.30) and mean RT (all segments) 318.22 μm (10.19). Segmented macular retinal layer thicknesses (mean of all segments) were: RNFL 27.67 μm (2.14), GCL 41.94 μm (2.50), IPL 34.97 μm (2.10), INL 35.18 μm (2.15), OPL 29.06 μm (2.24), ONL 68.35 μm (6.20).

Conclusion

The OCT is a useful non-invasive imaging technique for the examination of the retina in children with short duration, high imaging resolution and no known adverse effects. Normative values may serve as a comparator for different neuropaediatric disorders and are first presented with this study using an up-to-date and standardized OCT imaging technique.
Stable through the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a longitudinal telephone interview study in psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Kertzscher Lisa , Baldofski Sabrina , Kohls Elisabeth , Schomerus Georg , Rummel-Kluge Christine
Published: November 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with far-reaching changes all over the world. Health care systems were and are also affected. Little is known about the impact of these changes and the duration of the pandemic on people with mental disorders. The aim of this longitudinal follow-up study was to investigate the mental health status, medical care provision, and attitudes towards the pandemic of these people at the end of the second pandemic lockdown in Germany in 2021, and to compare these findings with the results of 2020.

Methods

People with mental disorders currently receiving treatment in the psychiatric outpatient department of the University Hospital Leipzig, Germany, were asked about depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), self-reported medical care provision, attitudes and social and emotional aspects of the pandemic (social support [ESSI], perceived stress [PSS-4], loneliness [UCLA-3-LS], and resilience [BRS]) using structured telephone interviews.

Results

In total,N= 75 participants who had already participated in the first survey in 2020 took part in the follow-up telephone interviews. The most frequent clinician-rated diagnoses were attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n= 21; 28.0%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (n= 16; 21.3%). In comparison to 2020, a significantly higher proportion of participants reported no problems in receiving medical care provision. Compared to the previous year, the resilience of the participants had significantly decreased. Depressive symptoms, social support, perceived stress, and loneliness remained stable. Significantly more participants felt restricted by the pandemic-related government measures in 2021 than in 2020.

Conclusions

This study highlights the importance for continued efforts to maintain stable medical care provision for people with mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, as except for a decrease in resilience, mental health status remained stable. Nonetheless there is still a need for continued treatment to stabilise and improve this status.
Understanding the relationship between apathy, cognition and functional outcome in schizophrenia: The significance of an ecological assessment
Authors: Ramos-Mastache Daniela , Mondragón-Maya Alejandra , Liemburg Edith J. , Enriquez-Geppert Stefanie , Goerlich Katharina S. , Rosel-Vales Mauricio , Pérez-Ferrara David , Jansari Ashok S. , Aleman Andre
Published: November 2022

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in understanding the role apathy plays in mediating the relationship between cognitive impairment and functional outcome. In general, most studies measure cognition with traditional cognitive tests that give explicit instructions and guide the participants toward generating a response. However, given that apathy is defined by a decrease in self-initiated behavior, it is crucial to evaluate cognition with ecological tasks that do not explicitly direct the patient´s motivation to generate behaviors to assess the actual effect. This study investigated whether an ecological cognitive assessment (the Jansari Executive Function Assessment, JEF©) would uniquely contribute to the relationship between cognition, apathy, and functional outcome in schizophrenia. The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), neuropsychological tests and the JEF© were administered to 20 patients with schizophrenia. Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analysis were performed to test the associations between the variables of interest. Results showed that JEF© explained a significant portion of the variance in AES (25%). In addition, apathy explained 36% of the variance in functional outcome. However, AES did not mediate between cognition and functional outcome. Our results highlight the importance of assessing cognition with tasks that require integration of cognitive functions needed for real life demands.
Is there a weekend effect in emergency surgery for colorectal carcinoma? Analysis from the German StuDoQ registry
Authors: Anger Friedrich , Lichthardt Sven , Haubitz Imme , Wagner Johanna , Löb Stefan , Buhr Heinz Johannes , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Wiegering Armin
Published: November 2022

Background

Higher postoperative mortality has been observed among patients who received emergency colorectal surgery on the weekend compared to during the week. The aim of this study was to determine whether the weekday of emergency surgery affects the 30-day mortality and postoperative course in emergency colorectal surgery.

Methods

Prospectively acquired data from the 2010–2017 German StuDoQ|Colorectal surgery registries were analysed. Differences in 30-day mortality, transfer and length of stay (MTL30) (primary endpoints), postoperative complications, length of stay and pathological results of resected specimens (secondary endpoints) were assessed. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for postoperative outcome.

Results

In total, 1,174 patients were included in the analysis. Major postoperative complications and the need for reoperation were observed more frequently for emergency colorectal surgery performed during the week compared to the weekend (23.01 vs. 15.28%, p = 0.036 and 17.96% vs. 11.11%, p = 0.040, respectively). In contrast, patients who received emergency surgery on the weekend presented with significantly higher UICC tumour stages (UICC III 44.06 vs. 34.15%, p = 0.020) compared to patients with emergency colorectal surgery on a weekday. Emergency surgery performed during the week was an independent risk factor for the development of severe postoperative complications (OR 1.69 [1.04–2.74], p = 0.033) and need for reoperation (OR 1.79 [1.02–3.05], p = 0.041) in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

Emergency surgery for colorectal carcinoma in Germany is performed with equal postoperative MTL30 and mortality throughout the entire week. However, emergency surgery during the week seems to be associated with a higher rate of severe postoperative complications and reoperation.
Uptake and effects of psychological first aid training for healthcare workers’ wellbeing in nursing homes: A UK national survey
Authors: Schoultz Mariyana , McGrogan Claire , Beattie Michelle , Macaden Leah , Carolan Clare , Dickens Geoffrey L.
Published: November 2022

Aims

Psychological First Aid is a brief intervention based on international guidance from the World Health Organisation. Free to access online training in the intervention was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK. We aimed to determine the uptake of Psychological First Aid training among healthcare workers in care homes in the UK and to assess its effects on their wellbeing.

Design

This was a sequential mixed methods design.

Methods

Healthcare workers (nurses and carers) working in care homes in the UK were surveyed about their uptake of Psychological First Aid, their stress, coping efficacy and the key concepts of Psychological First Aid (safety, calmness, hopefulness, connectedness, and accomplishment). Those that completed the Psychological First Aid training were asked to share their experiences via qualitative survey. Data collection was conducted between June and October 2021. Analyses included descriptive statistics and regression analysis. A six step thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data.

Results

388 participants responded to the survey. The uptake of Psychological First Aid training was 37 (9.5%). Psychological first aid was a significant predictor for coping efficacy (β = 17.54, p = .001). Participants with a physical or mental health condition experienced higher stress and lower coping regardless of PFA training. Four themes were identified from the qualitative analysis: self-awareness and growth, relationships with others, overcoming stress and accessibility.

Conclusion

While this study suggests some benefits to healthcare workers in care home settings undergoing PFA the poor uptake of the training warrants further investigation.

Impact

Care home staff need psychological support. This gap remains as few completed PFA training. This is the first study in UK and worldwide to look at the effects of psychological first aid on stress and coping in this population and it warrants further investigation.
„Alkalmas ideig gyötörte”
Authors: Varga Mónika
Published: November 2022

A beszélői bizonytalanságot és nyomatékosítást jelölő elemek, más néven pragmatikai markerek története az ómagyar korszak utáni időszakokra nézve feltárás alatt van. Az egyes elemek funkcióinak alakulása, átjárhatósága is kutatásokat igényel. Jelen tanulmány célja néhány pragmatikai marker kontextusfüggő átértékelődésének bemutatása 16–18. századi adatok alapján. A tárgyalt elemek olyan funkciókban (is) használatosak a vizsgált korszakban, amelyek eltérnek a napjainkban jellemzőktől (részben az első ismert jelentéseiktől is különbözve). A változások érintik az evidencialitás (szinte ~ szintén: hedge → intenzifikáló; azt tud booster, de az így jelölt esemény nem valósul meg), valamint a polaritás (alkalmas) kérdéskörét. Az elemzés a Történeti magánéleti korpusz mellett a korszak további forrásait is tekintetbe veszi, felvetve, hogy a tárgyalt markerek mutatnak-e valamiféle regiszter szerinti különbségeket a tárgyalt újabb funkciók kapcsán.
ANALYSIS OF GENUS SPECIFIC PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PLANTS OF THE GENUS RHODIOLA SPP. IN A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
Authors: Lyozina Alona Vladimirovna , Terninko Inna Ivanovna , Generalova Yuliya Eduardovna , Dzhaborova Sakhoba Salomudinovna
Published: November 2022

Plants of the genus Rhodiola (Crasulaceae) are actively used in folk medicine around the world. The most studied representative of this genus is Rhodiola rosea L., which is an official species in the Russian Federation. But in the folk medicine of Russia and China, other species of the genus Rhodiola are also used. Thus, in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch et Mey is very popular., in Central Asia - Rhodiola heterodonta (Hook. f. & Thomson) Boriss. To introduce these species of the genus Rhodiola into official medicine, it is necessary to determine marker compounds and select standardization criteria. The purpose of this work was to study phenolic alcohols and their glycosides, established as genus specific, in Rhodiola quadrifida and Rhodiola heterodonta in comparison with Rhodiola rosea by high performance thin layer and liquid chromatography. It has been established that rosarin is characteristic only for R. rosea, while salidroside and tyrosol quantitatively prevail in R. heterodonta and R. quadrifida. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that the differences in the chromatographic profile of the studied species can be used to confirm the identity, and the identified compounds can be used to standardize the indicated Rhodiola species.
REGRESSION ANALYSIS IN DEVELOPMENT OF PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETER-MINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM DANDELION ROOTS OF MEDICINAL
Authors: Dyakova Nina Alekseyevna
Published: November 2022

The roots of the dandelion drug (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg) are rich in chemical composition and contain water-soluble polysaccharides based on inulin. The aim of the study is to select optimal parameters of ultrasonic extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides from dandelion roots based on regression analysis. For the experiment, raw materials purchased from one of the pharmacies in the city of Voronezh were used. A sample of raw materials (1.0 g) was placed in an ultrasonic bath "Grad 40-35," which allows maintaining the necessary temperature and frequency of ultrasound with a given duration of time. one-year old, as well as in industrial production of water-soluble polysaccharides from this kind of raw material. Then, 10 (15 or 20) ml of purified water purified from impurities at a temperature of 60 °C to 80 °C was measured with a measuring flask and extracted from 10 to 20 min with a multiplicity of 1 to 3, and after each of the multiple studies, the same raw material was further filtered with a new solvent. The initial conditions and the data obtained during the experiments made it possible to present the regression model in the form of a linear multiple regression equation, which can be used with sufficient accuracy in prediction and analysis. The adequacy of the model was confirmed by testing hypotheses against Pearson's x2 criterion. The correlation coefficient derived from the values of the regression coefficient and the mean square deviation was used in determining the tightness of the overall relationship between the source and the obtained data. In addition, a detailed study of a sample of those variables whose priority was not clearly expressed was carried out by processing when fixing their values. The most important conditions for extraction of dandelion roots for obtaining the most stable performance should be considered: extraction temperature – 80 °C; extraction multiplicity – 3, ultrasound frequency – 35 kHz, extraction time – 40 min, ratio of raw material and extractant – 1 g per 10 ml, at the same time, grinding of raw material can vary from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm.
THE STUDY OF NETTLE HERB (URTICA DIOICA L.) GROWING IN SOME AREAS OF THE EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND SIBERIA
Authors: Isaykina Nadezdha Valentinovna , Kolomiyets Natal'ya Eduardovna , Abramets Natal'ya Yur'yevna , Marin Andrey Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2022

The report presents the results of the study of the chemical composition of nettle herb, 40%, 70% extracts, and extracts of polyphenolic complexes (PPC). Nettle herb were collected by the authors in June-July 2007–2020 in the territories of Tomsk, Kemerovo, Kursk, Novosibirsk, Moscow, Kirov, Tver regions, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai; Altai Republic. Extracts, polyphenolic and polysaccharide complexes were obtained from the herb. The studies was conducted using PC, TLC, UV-spectroscopy, HPLC, titrimetry, neutron activation. Reverse-phase HPLC were carried out on a chromatograph «Dionex Ultimate 3000» with UV-detector in the wave length range from 254 to 330 nm. Separation was performed by a column with reversed-phase sorbent «Restek Pinnacle IIC18» (150×4.6 mm, particle size 5 µm), flow rate of mobile phase is 1 ml/min; temperature is 20 °C, mobile phase (50 ml of acetonitrile, 50 ml of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) were carried out on. The study showed that nettle herb, 40%, 70% extracts and PPC contain phenolic compounds: phenolcarbonic acids, flavonoids, catechins, tannins; vitamin C and pigments. Baicalein, chrysoeriol, scutellarin identified for the first time. One of the dominant groups is hydroxycinnamic acids. The composition of flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids, catechins, hydroxycinnamic acids, including chlorogenic acid, chlorophyll, the sum of phenolic compounds, catechins are similar in 70% extract and its PPC. Additional information was obtained on the elements contained in nettle herb and its extracts.
USE OF ELDER (SAMBUCUS NIGRA L.) IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY: STATE AND FURTHER PROSPECTS. OVER-VIEW
Authors: Burak Leonid Cheslavovich
Published: November 2022

A steady trend towards a healthy lifestyle contributes to a significant increase in consumer demand for natural food products for functional and preventive purposes. Such products have a balanced chemical composition, provide a balanced diet, promote health, improve physical and mental performance, increase the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences. In order to meet the needs of the consumer, the food industry develops new food products and makes changes to the recipes of traditional products. Over the past decades, many natural sources of raw materials have been explored that can significantly increase the nutritional value of food products and fully replace synthetic food additives. Numerous studies confirm that black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has high antioxidant activity and is a good source of many important biologically active compounds. Therefore, in many countries, elderberry is used in the food industry as a raw material and food additive. The high content of anthocyanins, as well as other polyphenols and vitamins in elderberry, confirms that it can be used not only as a dye, but also as an antioxidant. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds in elderberry, its use in food production as a raw material component will allow obtaining functional products with a high antioxidant capacity. However, it is necessary to study and correctly use the required amount of elderberry additive and the technology of adding elderberries to food in order to ensure a positive effect on the nutritional and technological properties of the finished food product, without worsening the organoleptic characteristics of food products. The purpose of this article is to review the main biologically active compounds present in elderberry, as well as its potential use in the food industry.
APPLICATION OF RICE PAD (ORYZA SATIVA) AS A SORPTION MATERIAL TO REMOVE POLLUTANTS FROM AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kushnir Aleksey Alekseyevich , Sypko Kseniya Sergeyevna , Gubin Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Sizo Kseniya Olegovna , Sukhanov Pavel Tikhonovich
Published: November 2022

The use of rice husk (the waste in the production of seeded rice (Oryza sativa) as a sorption material for the removal of pollutants of various classes – inorganic (Cr, Ni, Co, Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Zn) and organic substances (synthetic and natural dyes, phenols, antibiotics, polycyclic aromatic compounds, humic acids, pesticides, chitosan) from aqueous media is generalized. The literature data on the structure of seeded rice, the volume of its cultivation, the chemical composition, and some components of rice husk are given.

The methods of physical and chemical (the use of inorganic acids, salts, and alkalis) are described activation, as well as modification of rice husks using surfactants, Fe3O4 nanoparticles, functional agents, and monomers (polymerization reactions). Quantitative characteristics of the absorption of various pollutants (recoveries, equilibrium limit sorption) are given. The influence of pH, temperature, the concentration of pollutants, phase contact time, volume, and mass of rice husk on sorption and removal of pollutants from aqueous media is shown. Possible sorption mechanisms, kinetic and sorption models are described. It is revealed that the isotherms of the sorption of pollutants in most cases are most adequately described by Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the kinetics of the process is a pseudo-second-order model.
STUDY OF ISOTHERMS OF WATER VAPOR SORPTION FOR HYDROPHILIC POLYMERS
Authors: Ioelovich Michael Yacob
Published: November 2022

Various models and equations of water vapor (WV) sorption for hydrophilic polymers were considered. However, these models often do not correspond to the sorption mechanism. This study is based on the thermodynamics in binary systems and the Van Krevelen method of polar group contributions in the sorption of WV. Moreover, it was shown that the mechanism of WV sorption by various hydrophilic polymers is the absorption of water molecules in the volume of amorphous domains of these polymers. As a result, a universal physicochemical equation was proposed allowing adequately to describe the sorption isotherms of WV by amorphous hydrophilic polymers knowing only the chemical formulas of repeating units of these polymers. To calcu-late the sorption isotherms for semicrystalline polymer samples, it is necessary to use an additional parameter, namely the degree of amorphicity (Y). The adequacy of the derived equation was verified for samples of cellulose and other natural polysaccharides, as well as for samples of synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide-6, and polycaprolactone having various Y-values. The verification showed that the experimental isotherms are almost identical to the isotherms calculated by the universal equation.
"TURN TO THE EAST" AND TRENDS OF MODERN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: SIBERIAN VECTOR
Authors: Erokhina Elena A.
Published: November 2022

The change in foreign policy targets raises the question of a “turn to the East,” which requires a reassessment of the role of the Siberian macroregion in domestic geopolitics. The leading long-term factors in overcoming geopolitical risks affecting the stable development of Russian society and the qualitative transformation of its institutions are the harmonization of the mobilization and innovation components of modernization and the success of integration projects in the Eurasian space. The main conclusions of the study are ascertaining the need for (1) state support for the development of innovative processes that allow leveling the disproportions of regional development and strengthening the potential of the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation (case study of the Academgorodok 2.0 project), and (2) reorientation to cross-border cooperation within the framework of integration projects (case of "Greater Eurasia"). Raising the status of Siberia in strategic planning thus turns out to be an integral part of the reflection of the “turn to the East”.
INTERNATIONAL DIMENSION OF GENDER EQUALITY: SOCIAL AND LEGAL RESEARCH
Authors: Golovinov Alexandre V. , Golovinova Yuliya V.
Published: November 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of acts adopted by the United Nations in the field of women's rights and combating gender asymmetry. The authors emphasize that the activities of the UN contribute to the development of the gender dimension of social policy and the legal provision of equal status for both sexes. Representatives of the UN have repeatedly recorded trouble in the "women's issue". At this time, in particular, almost total illiteracy of the female population was recorded. This circumstance was regarded as a brake and a shear obstacle in the matter of emancipation. Appealing to the tools of gender sociology, in particular to the concept of a new gender order, it is shown that at present a special role in ensuring women's rights is played by a specially established in 2010 structural unit under the auspices of the United Nations - UN Women. With the goal of improving the status of women, this entity is guided by the principle that gender equality is at the heart of the human rights and human values ​​of the United Nations.
FACTORS OF NON-MIGRATION AS AN ELEMENT OF MIGRATION PROCESSES MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mishchuk Svetlana N.
Published: November 2022

Based on the provisions of migrants’ aspirations/abilities model, it is offered to use the main elements of migration scheme to examine non-migration mechanism. A scheme of migration action is presented on the basis of migration factors analysis. In addition to taking into account migration factors the authors offer to estimate factors having impact on non-migrants, that is, the population not participating in migration processes. Revealing the reasons for population "immobility" can expand the list of possible measures and tools to regulate migration activity or population immobility. It is suggested to extend the scheme of the migration mechanism based on the typology of non-migrants, including voluntary and obedient non-migrants. Voluntary and obedient non-migrants are groups of people who do not want to migrate. These groups are connected with "needs" block in the scheme of migration process mechanism. Although their needs do not pass to "migration conditions" block. The scheme of migration action mechanism corresponds to the scheme of migration inaction for two groups of the above non-migrants. The difference is in the result and namely in the lack of migration. The suggested approach for estimating the factors of migration and non-migration can be relevant to analyze the situation in regions with high migration activity, as well as in the regions with a declining outflow of population.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: November 2022
Authors: Shoreibah Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Article Title: Longitudinal associations of risk factors and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cured Hepatitis C virus infection.