bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of Craniofacial and Dental Osteogenesis Imperfecta manifestations on Oral Health-related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Pantoja Leticia L Quirino , Carvalho Mariana Candida Vaz , Yamaguti Paulo Marcio , Castro Luiz Claudio , Paula Lilian Marly , Acevedo Ana Carolina
Published: June 2023

Objective: Craniofacial and oral manifestations of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) can affect the functioning of the stomatognathic system and impact the patient’s quality of life. The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between craniofacial and oral manifestations and the Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of OI children and adolescents. Material and
Methods: A total of 30 OI patients aged 8 to 14 years old followed up at the Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases were enrolled the research. OHRQoL was assessed using the of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ) for 8 to 10-year-olds (CPQ) and for 11 to 14-year-olds (CPQ11-14). The relationship between the OHRQoL index and its assessment domains, OI types, and the presence of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), class III malocclusion and dental agenesis were evaluated.
Results: The median CPQ score of patients was 5 and there w no significant difference on OHRQoL between children and adolescents, nor associated with the disease severity or the presence of DI. The oral manifestations evaluated did not directly impact the patients’ OHRQoL.
Conclusions: The study demonstrated that perception of OHRQoL is similar for both adolescents and children. The oral symptom was the most relevant domain for the index among patients aged 8 to 14 years while the well-being was the most impacted.
Clinical Relevance: The detailed assessment of OHRQoL in OI patients helps in the development of more qualified treatment strategies focused on the factors with the greatest impact on the patient's life.
An Efficient African Buffalo Optimization Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem Using Fuzzy Matrix
Authors: Algaphari Ghaleb H. , Salem Asma'a Hassan
Published: June 2023

African Buffalo Optimization, as a novel evolutionary computing technique, has succeeded in many continuous problems, but research on discrete problems especially combinatorial optimization problem has been done little. In this paper, a modified African Buffalo Optimization (ABO) algorithm was proposed to solve a typical combinatorial optimization problem: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which is a well-known NP-hard problem. Fuzzy Matrices were used to represent the Location and speed of the Buffaloes in ABO and the operators in the original ABO formulas were redefined. Then the algorithm was tested with concrete examples in TSPLIB, experiment shows that the algorithm can achieve good results.
Estimates of Population-level Palliative Care Needs in the UK: Pre-Pandemic and During the Pandemic
Authors: Fantoni Erin Raquel , Wynne Natasha , Finucane Anne M.
Published: June 2023

Background: Existing estimates of palliative care need were produced before the COVID-19 pandemic and estimates across the UK nations had methodological differences. We aim to produce updated, population-level estimates of palliative care need for each of the four UK nations and explore how these changed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study design was a descriptive analysis of routine data. We used a well-established, diagnosis-based methodology which produced minimal estimates of palliative care based on underlying causes of death, intermediate estimates using underlying and contributory causes of death, and maximal estimates which excluded unexpected causes of death. Additional estimates were produced which incorporated deaths involving COVID-19. These methods were applied to official mortality statistics from England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland for the years 2017 to 2021.
Results: Results were similar across all nations. From 2017-19 for the UK in total, palliative care need was estimated at ~74% (minimal), ~90% (intermediate) and ~96% (maximal) of total deaths, which was broadly consistent with previous studies. In the pandemic years, 2020-21, the minimal estimates remained stable in terms of number of people in need but dropped significantly in terms of proportion of deaths associated with palliative care need (to ~66%) due to the overall increase in mortality and large number of deaths from COVID-19 during the pandemic. The intermediate (~90%) and maximal (~96%) estimates showed an increase in the number of people in need but remained stable in proportion of deaths. When deaths involving COVID-19 were treated as deaths associated with palliative needs, the minimal estimate increased to 77% and intermediate estimates increased to 92%.
Conclusions: In each of the nation of the UK, most people who die will have palliative care needs. Excluding deaths from COVID-19 from population-level estimates of palliative care need risks under-estimating true levels of need in the population, particularly for estimation methodologies that look exclusively at underlying cause mortality data. Future studies which estimate, explore trends in and project population-level palliative care need should explicitly consider how deaths from COVID-19 are factored in.
Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability and Addressing Salinization in the Coastal Region of Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam: An Enhanced DRASTIC Model Approach
Authors: Au Nguyen Hai , Vy Tat Hong Minh , Thuy Hoang Thi Thanh
Published: June 2023

For coastal areas, groundwater aquifers' salinization has intensified due to multiple reasons, e.g., climate changes, continuous groundwater exploitation, and other anthropogenic activities. In Ba Ria – Vung Tau province, the Pleistocene aquifer is an essential source of water supply for drinking, agriculture, and industrial purposes. Thus, a groundwater vulnerability assessment was required. The objective of the study is to estimate groundwater vulnerability against salinization by applying the overlay index model DRASTIC (Depth of water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone, and hydraulic Conductivity) together with geographic information system (GIS). The modified DRASTIC models were applied to improve the consistency of the conventional model with the actual conditions of the study area. The total dissolved solid (TDS) data collected from 31 monitoring boreholes was applied to validate the groundwater vulnerability assessments. The results show that around 0.97%, 84.94%, and 14.09% of areas fall under low, moderate, and high vulnerable zones, respectively. They also confirm the seaward-increasing tendency of vulnerability. The study demonstrates that optimizing a conventional DRASTIC model through Entropy weight modification and integrating the land use layer in the original DRASTIC (DRASTIC-EN-LU) model had the best performance. Among the intrinsic factors, D, I, and LU are the most sensitive parameters in the study area. The accurate assessment of groundwater vulnerability is necessary for control and prevention in the province of Ba Ria-Vung Tau. Findings of this study can help authorities of Ba Ria-Vung Tau province in groundwater protection and decision-making with regards to salinization.
Therioaphis trifolii saliva: a key factor in aphid survival and plant-defense
Authors: Zhu Kaihui , McNeill Mark R. , Zhang Neng , Zhang Daogang , Cai Ni , Liu Rong , Che Wunan , Ullah Hidayat , Tu Xiongbing , Zhang Zehua
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to investigate how Therioaphis trifolii (Monell), a major aphid pest of Medicago sativa, copes with its host’s biochemical defenses. The research involved comparing susceptible and resistant aphid strains on two M. sativa cultivars. Aphid populations were reared separately for several generations on a resistant cultivar (cv. Zhongmu No.1) and a susceptible cultivar (cv. WL343), resulting in R- and S-aphid lines, respectively. The study found that the survival rate of R-aphids on the aphid-resistant Zhongmu No.1 cultivar was significantly higher than that of S-aphids (P=0.039). However, there was no significant difference in the survival of both aphid lines on WL343 (P=0.139). This suggests that when S-aphids and R-aphids infest the host plant, their salivary regulatory capacity on plant defense differs, leading to differences in viability. Further investigation found that treating leaves with saliva collected from aphids reared on cv. Zhongmu No.1 (R-saliva) decreased the repellency and toxicity to aphids subsequently feeding on these plants. In addition, compared with S-aphid infecting and S-saliva leaf infiltration treatment, R-aphid infecting and R-saliva infiltration treatment can activate the SA (Salicylic Acid) signal pathway but inhibit the JA (Jasmonic Acid) signal pathway. This improves the suitability of aphids to the host plant. It is speculated that R-aphids can activate the host plant’s SA pathway and inhibit the JA pathway by secreting S-saliva, thereby reducing the host plant’s defense ability and improving the plant’s fitness. Conversely, S-aphids would activate the JA pathway and inhibit the SA pathway. Overall, these results provide essential support for understanding the regulation of plant defense mechanisms.
An efficient and robust GNSS/LEO joint orbit determination method based on regional ground control sources
Authors: She Haonan , Huang Guanwen , Wang Le , Qin Zhiwei , Xie Shichao , Lai Wen
Published: June 2023

The precise orbit determination (POD) for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) generally relies on numerous ground-based observations and heavily depends on the geometry of ground stations. Joint orbit determination (JOD) of GNSS satellites and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can largely compensate for the limitations of ground station geometry. In the common JOD, the POD of LEO satellite is mainly processed by the reduced-dynamic approach. However, this approach involves complex calculations and is susceptible to disruptions caused by orbit maneuvering. Therefore, a simplified JOD method is designed that employs kinematic approach to determine the LEO satellites orbit. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the orbit and clock offset of GPS satellites and LEO satellites are jointly estimated utilizing the eight regional ground stations. Eight LEO satellites, including GRACE-C, GRACE-D, SWARM-A, SWARM-B, SWARM-C, SENTINEL-3A, SENTINEL-3B, and JASON-3, are chosen for JOD with GPS satellites. Kinematic POD (KPOD) and reduced-dynamic POD (RDPOD) are employed to determine the LEO orbits in the JOD. The comprehensive performance of JOD using different methods for LEO POD is analyzed in terms of GPS orbit accuracy, GPS clock efficiency, LEO orbit accuracy, and computation time. The results show that applying both KPOD and RDPOD methods for LEO satellites led to a substantial improvement in the quality of GPS orbit and clock offset. The adoption of RDPOD yields superior enhancement and results in higher accuracy of the LEO orbits. However, the overall computation is time-consuming and the performance of JOD declines significantly when LEO satellites undergo orbital maneuvers. Alternatively, when employing KPOD, although the accuracy of the LEO orbits in the JOD is comparatively lower, it offers a substantial reduction in the overall network computation time compared to RDPOD. Moreover, the simplified JOD mode based on LEO KPOD is nearly unaffected by orbital maneuvers of LEO satellites, presenting unique advantages in practical data processing.
Towards a Partial Order Graph for Interactive Pharmacophore Exploration: Extraction of Pharmacophores Activity Delta
Authors: Lehembre Etienne , Giovannini Johanna , Geslin Damien , Lepailleur Alban , Lamotte Jean-Luc , Auber David , Ouali Abdelkader , Cremilleux Bruno , Zimmermann Albrecht , Cuissart Bertrand , Bureau Ronan
Published: June 2023

This paper describes an original approach for extracting outstanding pharmacophores, named PADs (for Pharmacophore Activity Delta), from a chemogenomic dataset (BCR-ABL in our case). This involves building both a partial order graph (POG) and a condensed POG as a first step to finally land on PADs to be assessed. A pharmacophore is a PAD if its quality deviates at least δ standard deviations from the mean of the quality (growth rate value) of its siblings. From 1479 molecules, 377 PADs were extracted. PADs were summarized afterwards by 130 representative PADs with the MMRFS technique. To analyze these PADs, a pharmacophore network was derived, leading to different areas associated with active and inactive molecules. A discussion of some representative key areas is carried out, pointing out some structure–activity relationships (SARs). Cross-validation studies were also carried out with a potential selection of the most stable PADs for SARs.
Exogenous market changes analysis using artificial options volatility
Authors: Maciak Matus , Vitali Sebastiano
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on market changes due to exogenous effects. The standard implied volatility is shown to be insufficient for a proper detection and analysis of this type of risk. This is mainly because such changes are usually dominated by endogenous effects coming from a specific trading mechanism or a natural market dynamics. A unique methodological approach based on artificial options that always have a constant (over time) maturity is proposed and explicitly defined. The key principle is to use interpolated volatilities that can effectively eliminate instabilities due to the natural market dynamics while the changes caused by the exogenous causes stay preserved. Formal statistical tests for distinguishing significant effects are proposed under different theoretical and practical scenarios. Statistical theory, computational and algorithmic details, and comprehensive empirical comparisons together with a real data illustration are all presented in the paper.
Semi-Decentralized Control of Multi-Robot System for Autonomous Navigation via Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Lee Youngjoon , Kim Gyeonghwan , Nam Changjoo
Published: June 2023

We consider the navigation problem of multiple mobile robots in a continuous space populated with obstacles. Conventionally, this problem is formulated as multi-robot path planning (MRPP) to generate collision-free paths for all robots. However, MRPP is computationally intractable owing to the involvement of multiple robots in the continuous space resulting in infinite states and actions. Also, the paths from MRPP algorithms need to consider kinematic constraints and dynamics of the robots, further complicating the planning problem. We propose an alternative approach to MRPP for improved run-time efficiency through multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) that learns to control the robots directly rather than computing the paths. Our MARL agent receives the information about the environment and generates control inputs to the wheels of the robots. Trained in a simulated environment with three robots and obstacles, each robot gathers the episode trajectories, consisting of observations, actions, rewards through exploring the environment where each robot perceives each other as dynamic obstacles. These trajectories train a homogeneous semi-decentralized policy that incorporates observations of the two nearest robots. The policy can be deployed to more robots, as each only requires the information about nearby robots. Without path computation or kinodynamic constraints, our method efficiently navigates a robot team in an end-to-end manner. Extensive experiments demonstrate its ability to generalize across environments with varying goal locations and obstacle layouts. Also, our method has shown to be capable of navigating more robots without additional training.
Synthesis of new 2-pyridinone and 2-iminochromene derivatives bearing biologically active pyrrole moiety as expected antibacterial and antifungal agents
Authors: Al-Harbi Reem A. K. , Sh Marwa A. M. , Abbas Samir Y.
Published: June 2023

As attempt to cope the microbial drug-resistance, new derivatives of 2-pyridinone and 2-iminochromene with biologically active pyrrole core were designed and synthesized. The 2-pyridone derivatives were synthesized via ring closure of 2-cyano-N'-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide by 1,3-dicarbonyl compound (acetylacetone) or arylidene malononitriles. The 2-iminochromene derivatives were obtained via the cyclocondensation reaction of cyanoacetamide by o-hydroxy aldehyde derivatives to furnish chromene derivatives. The antibacterial and antifungal activities for the synthesized compounds were investigated. All of the 2-pyridinone and 2-iminochromene derivatives showed moderate activity toward both of G -ve and G + ve bacteria (S. aureus).
Assessment of the influence of the chemical and fractional composition of nepheline sludge on the strength properties of sludge soils
Authors: Силецкий В.В.
Published: June 2023

Вопрос расширения спектра дорожно-строительных материалов, применяемых на лесных дорогах, является одним из наиболее критических в Российской Федерации. Данный факт связан как с экологическим и экономическим аспектом, так и с широкой географией страны. Значительная часть лесных массивов находится в зоне вечной мерзлоты, что требует наличия материалов с более высокими эксплуатационными характеристиками. В исследовании рассматривается вопрос применения нефелинового шлама как альтернативного минерального вяжущего с целью повышения физико-механических характеристик материала для строительства лесных дорог. Проведены рентгенофазовый, химический, гранулометрический анализ материала, а также исследование влияния фракционного состава нефелинового шлама на физико-механические показатели материала. Представленные в исследовании материалы соответствуют ГОСТ по своим физико-механическим характеристикам.

The issue of expanding the range of road-building materials used on forest roads is one of the most critical in the Russian Federation. This fact is connected with both the environmental and economic aspects, as well as with the wide geography of the country. A significant part of the forests are located in the permafrost zone, which requires the availability of materials with higher performance characteristics. The study considers the use of nepheline sludge as an alternative mineral binder in order to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material for the construction of forest roads. X-ray phase, chemical, granulometric analysis of the material was carried out, as well as the study of the effect of the fractional composition of nepheline sludge on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material. The materials presented in the study comply with standard in terms of their physical and mechanical characteristics.
Paleolakes of Eastern Africa: Zeolites, Clay Minerals, and Climate
Authors: McHenry Lindsay J. , Foerster Verena , Gebregiorgis Daniel
Published: June 2023

The eastern branch of the East African Rift System hosts many shallow modern lakes and paleolakes, which can be sensitive recorders of changing climate conditions (complicated by tectonics) during the past few million years. However, many of such lakes are saline–alkaline (salty and high pH), and these conditions do not easily preserve pollen and other biologically derived paleoclimate indicators. Fortunately, some preserved minerals that formed in these extreme environments reflect subtle shifts in lake water chemistry (controlled by changes in climate conditions) and therefore provide a continuous record of local and regional climate change. We present two different mineral proxies (zeolites and clays) from two different paleolake basins (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, and Chew Bahir, Ethiopia) as examples.
A cidade como espaço de aprendizagem: Da cultura ao turismo - o patrimônio de Bom Princípio
Authors: Schuster Bruna Elisa , Schlemmer Eliane
Published: June 2023

O artigo apresenta o percurso do qual emergiu a pesquisa A CIDADE COMO ESPAÇO DE APRENDIZAGEM e, um dos primeiros territórios que se configurou o projeto de aprendizagem denominado Da cultura ao turismo: o patrimônio de Bom Princípio, desenvolvido por estudantes de sexto ano de uma escola pública do município de Bom Princípio – RS.  O problema que deu origem à pesquisa é assim expresso: Como os games e a gamificação podem contribuir para a construção de situações de aprendizagem e práticas pedagógicas que se apropriem da cidade como espaço para promover a educação cidadã, expressando um novo tipo de ecologia social, pós-urbana e atópica? O objetivo principal consistiu em compreender a contribuição dos games e da gamificação para o desenvolvimento de metodologias e práticas pedagógicas que possibilitassem transcender o espaço físico das escolas de educação básica para a cidade, tendo em vista a educação cidadã. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, nos apropriamos do método cartográfico de pesquisa-intervenção. Como resultado, a pesquisa forneceu elementos que nos permitiram compreender que a partir da problematização do tempo presente, a apropriação de elementos de jogos, suportados pela aprendizagem inventiva, o reconhecimento atento da/pela cidade, transcendendo, dessa forma, o espaço físico da escola para a cidade, a qual para além de se constituir no espaço geográfico, se amplia no digital. Isso provocou uma ampliação na compreensão do habitar, do ensinar e do aprender, potencializando a Educação Cidadã. Esses elementos contribuíram ainda para a sistematização do que Schlemmer (2018) denominou metodologia inventiva Projeto de Aprendizagem Gamificado.
Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions of Protonated Pumiliotoxin (+)-251D and Allopumiliotoxin (+)-267A in ESI-MS/MS
Authors: Minder Basil , Mendonça Jacqueline , Grant Taran , Lopes Norberto
Published: June 2023

In recent years, there has been great interest in understanding the chemistry of natural products from different organisms and their role in ecological processes. Some species of frogs sequester and metabolize dietary alkaloids obtained primarily from mites and ants as chemical defense. Most of these studies have employed gas chromatography techniques coupled with mass spectrometry, which restricts the possibility of observing more polar metabolites. In the case of pumiliotoxin (+)-251D and allopumiliotoxin (+)-267A, the fragmentation mechanisms in electrospray ionization systems with collision-induced fragmentation are undescribed. The present study aims to elucidate the fragmentation pathways of these two toxins. For this purpose, we used direct infusion of toxins in a time-of-flight hyphenated quadrupole electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/ MS) system. Different collision energies were applied, and the data rationalized from the concepts of reaction mechanisms. The joint analysis allowed to present a robust map of fragmentation opening perspectives for their application in studies of the occurrence of new polar analogues.
The United States, Iran’s Revolution, and the USSR Communist Phantom: The Linchpins that Triggered the Emergence of the Moroccan “Modern” Armed Forces from 1979 to 1982?
Authors: Teixeira Jorge
Published: June 2023

The ghost of the USSR was one of the most important weapons used throughout the Cold War. This phantom made the US act almost immediately, helping his allies or to outmanoeuvring his political opponents. In the case of Iran, it made the US try to solve a deep social/economic problem by showering Iran with military and economic aid, which would prove to be fatal.Moroccan king Hassan II, an expert and savvy political manipulator, would use his position as a US proxy agent to manoeuvre in the shadows within the Arab-speaking world and Africa. This position came to be in full effect when Morocco invaded Western Sahara, with the confidence that it would be a short affair. This proved to be difficult, almost impossible, as a short war became a long one. However, when in 1979, Iran, a stable political ally of the US, plummeted there were a shift in the US politics. The very public rhetoric branding Polisario as a communist agent proved to be a stepping stone into reverting an almost lost war into a stalemate. The US, not wanting a replication of what happened in Iran to happen in Morocco, changed its policies. Polisario was now seen as a threat to the Moroccan Regime. Therefore, trying to prevent possible proxy problems such as internal un-ruling and uprises that could lead to the fall of the kingdom, the US used the Iranian solution: military and economic aid.
Pentecôtisme et sida. Illustration des relations entre religion et santé à la lumière de trois Églises dans deux townships sud-africains: entre métamorphoses et ambivalence
Authors: Dubarry Thibaut
Published: June 2023

Le présent article propose une réflexion sur la dialectique entre religion et santé. Plus précisément, cette anthropologie religieuse se focalisera sur trois Églises pentecôtistes, ce, dans deux townships sud-africains – et, les relations qu’elles entretiennent par rapport aux séropositifs et à l’épidé-mie. On analysera, partant, comment les croyants et leurs proches vivent leur foi en temps de sida.
Classification of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Bagavutdin I. Gogurchunov , Dagestan State University, Gogurchunov Bagavutdin I. , Dadaeva Milana Dzh. ,   Milana Dzh. Dadaeva, Dagestan State University
Published: June 2023

Основной целью данной статьи является комплексный анализ полномочий Президента Российской Федерации. В целом актуальность исследования обусловлена, с одной стороны, важностью роли главы государства в системе государственной власти, а с другой – произошедшими изменениями в структуре полномочий Президента РФ после реформы 2020 года. Во вводной части статьи обозначаются основные проблемные аспекты института полномочий Президента РФ. Далее проводится краткий анализ разных подходов к классификации полномочий Президента Российской Федерации, представленных в юридической литературе. После этого авторы кратко рассмотрели полномочия главы государства по от-дельности и затем предприняли попытку привести собственный вариант классификации его полномочий. В завершение сделаны обобщающие выводы. The main purpose of this article is a comprehensive analysis of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation. In general, the relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the importance of the role of the head of state in the system of state power, and on the other hand, to the changes in the structure of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation after the 2020 reform. The introductory part of the article outlines the main problematic aspects of the institution of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation. The follow-ing is a brief analysis of different approaches to the classification of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation, presented in the legal literature. After that, the author briefly reviewed the powers of the head of state separately and then attempted to give his own version of the classification of his powers. In conclusion, generalizing conclusions are made.
Constitutional foundations of ecologization of agrarian legislation
Authors:   Ksenia A. Selivanova All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Selivanova Ksenia A.
Published: June 2023

Экологизация аграрного законодательства оценивается автором как актуальная задача современного развития. Методологически экологизация аграрного законодательства, наряду с развитием эффективного экологического и природоресурсного законодательства, непосредственно обусловлена нормой Конституции РФ, согласно которой земля и другие природные ресурсы являются основой жизни и деятельности общества. В основу исследования положен экосистемный подход к исследованию регулирования экологических отношений применительно к аграрной сфере. The ecologization of agricultural legislation is assessed by the author as an urgent task of modern development. Methodologically ecologization of agricultural legislation, along with the development of effective ecological and natural resources legislation, is directly conditioned by the rule of the Russian Constitution according to which land and other natural resources are the foundation of society's life and activities. The study is based on an ecosystem approach to ecological legal regulation of public relations in the agricultural sector.
Inovasi Digital dalam Pelaksanaan Penggunaan Aplikasi SISKEUDES
Authors: Nadaa Debrina , Priyanti Evi
Published: June 2023

Aplikasi SISKEUDES merupakan aplikasi sistem pengelola keuangan yang dirancang Kementerian Dalam Negeri bersama Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri (Permendagri) No. 113 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa. Inovasi digital ini berguna memudahkan kinerja aparat desa dalam proses pelaporan keuangan desa. Namun dalam penggunaannya aplikasi SISKEUDES ini masih menjadi tantangan bagi aparat Desa Karang Mukti, yang mana Desa Karang Mukti termasuk sebagai percontohan Desa Digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi penggunaan aplikasi SISKEUDES di Desa Karang Mukti. Dalam menganalisis, peneliti menggunakan teori Implementasi Kebijakan dari Charles O. Jones untuk dapat menjelaskan lebih rinci terkait permasalahan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus, serta wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci, yakni; Kepala Desa; Kepala Bidang Perencanaan Desa; dan Kepala Bidang Keuangan Desa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kurangnya kesiapan sumber daya manusia dalam organisasi di Desa Karang Mukti; (2) Pengarahan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah pusat dan daerah dirasa kurang; (3) Penerapan aplikasi SISKEUDES di Desa Karang Mukti masih sering kali terkendala baik secara teknis maupun karena jaringan Desa yang cukup sulit. Dengan demikian, penerapan aplikasi SISKEUDES masih belum bisa dikatakan sudah efektif. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi bahan pertimbangan untuk evaluasi kembali para pembuat kebijakan dalam mengatasi pelaksanaan pengelolaan keuangan berbasis digital kepada setiap Desa.
Políticas de Ciência e da Língua, Publicação Científica e Rankings Académicos
Authors: Martins Moisés de Lemos , Pires Helena
Published: June 2023

O campo científico conheceu um desenvolvimento exponencial no último meio século. Em Portugal, foi sobretudo nas últimas duas décadas que se registou a intensificação das atividades de investigação em todas as áreas. Não obstante o aumento significativo de resultados, as políticas para a ciência suscitam hoje inquietações, que sugerem uma reflexão profunda sobre as opções estratégicas das instituições de decisão e gestão. Hoje, são desafios que exigem discussão pública a insuficiência do financiamento, os padrões de qualidade e a sobrevalorização de métricas, assim como os sistemas de avaliação e os rankings, da mesma forma que a hegemonia do inglês como língua de produção de conhecimento e do modelo empírico por oposição à teoria e ao pensamento crítico, e ainda os horizontes de carreira do investigador. Políticas de Ciência e da Língua, Publicação Científica e Rankings Académicos reúne contributos de um debate, que ocorreu em 2021, ano do 20.º aniversário do Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Sociedade, que procurou identificar e problematizar estas questões. É, por isso, um convite a uma leitura desassossegada e interpelativa sobre os (des)caminhos da ciência.
Estudio de alternativas para el desarrollo agropecuario del distrito de riego del Zulia y sus zonas de influencia con proyección competitiva y sostenible
Authors:   Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Mosquera (Colombia),   Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Bogotá (Colombia),   Asociación de Usuarios del Distrito de Adecuación de tierras de gran escala del rio Zulia, (Venezuela)
Published: June 2023

Folleto divulgativo acerca del distrito de riego de la zona de influencia, que permite identifcar las alternativas de producción agropecuaria competitiva y sostenible para la planificación del distrito de riego del Zulia y su área de influencia.
AGROSAVIA Mary variedad mejorada de papa para hojuelas y consumo en fresco
Authors: Moreno Mendoza José Dílmer , Cerón Lasso María del Socorro , Sánchez León Germán David , Preciado Monguí Ingrid Marcela , Martínez Morales John Alexánder
Published: June 2023

AGROSAVIA Mary es una variedad de papa de Colombia para el consumo en fresco y el procesamiento en hojuelas y bastones, que presenta tolerancia estable a la enfermedad de la gota Phytophthora infestans. En este plegable se encuentran los detalles de sus características (de planta y agronómicas y las recomendaciones para el manejo de la variedad.
Parasitismo natural de Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Sobre Melittia cucurbitae (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) en el Caribe Seco colombiano
Authors: Sánchez Doria Tatiana , Rubiano Rodríguez José Antonio , Montes Rodriguez José Mauricio
Published: June 2023

El orden de insectos que proporciona mayor número de parasitoides es el Hymenoptera y dentro de este, la familia Braconidae, representando la segunda familia de mayor riqueza taxonómica del orden Hymenoptera. El último conteo de su diversidad mundial arrojó un total de 19.434 especies válidas y 40.000 especies estimadas, distribuidas por diversas regiones del mundo, por lo cual son utilizados frecuentemente en programas de control biológico de diversas plagas agrícolas y forestales. En los sistemas productivos es frecuente encontrar que las plagas son controladas por sus enemigos naturales. Melittia cucurbitae es una plaga limitante en ahuyama debido a que su control es difícil de lograr una vez que las larvas penetran los tallos, produciendo así el debilitamiento y quiebre de las plantas hasta causar la pudrición y finalmente la muerte. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el porcentaje de parasitismo natural de Apanteles sp. sobre larvas de Melittia cucurbitae.
Biomass accumulation response of cassava (Manihot esculenta C.) to NPK fertilization and biofertilizers in two soil types under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Pérez Pazos Jazmín , Luna Castellanos Lily , Burbano Figueroa Oscar
Published: June 2023

Cassava is one of the agricultural products of importance to food security in most developing countries. 50% of national production is concentrated in the Caribbean region, however, yields are low, as a consequence of the poor level of technification of the crop (MADR, 2006). The validation of practices associated with fertilization and the use of beneficial microorganisms is one of the alternatives to be included in the integrated management strategies of the crop.
Extractive Clinical Question-Answering With Multianswer and Multifocus Questions: Data Set Development and Evaluation Study
Authors: Moon Sungrim , He Huan , Jia Heling , Liu Hongfang , Fan Jungwei Wilfred
Published: June 2023

Background

Extractive question-answering (EQA) is a useful natural language processing (NLP) application for answering patient-specific questions by locating answers in their clinical notes. Realistic clinical EQA can yield multiple answers to a single question and multiple focus points in 1 question, which are lacking in existing data sets for the development of artificial intelligence solutions.

Objective

This study aimed to create a data set for developing and evaluating clinical EQA systems that can handle natural multianswer and multifocus questions.

Methods

We leveraged the annotated relations from the 2018 National NLP Clinical Challenges corpus to generate an EQA data set. Specifically, the 1-to-N, M-to-1, and M-to-N drug-reason relations were included to form the multianswer and multifocus question-answering entries, which represent more complex and natural challenges in addition to the basic 1-drug-1-reason cases. A baseline solution was developed and tested on the data set.

Results

The derived RxWhyQA data set contains 96,939 QA entries. Among the answerable questions, 25% of them require multiple answers, and 2% of them ask about multiple drugs within 1 question. Frequent cues were observed around the answers in the text, and 90% of the drug and reason terms occurred within the same or an adjacent sentence. The baseline EQA solution achieved a best F1-score of 0.72 on the entire data set, and on specific subsets, it was 0.93 for the unanswerable questions, 0.48 for single-drug questions versus 0.60 for multidrug questions, and 0.54 for the single-answer questions versus 0.43 for multianswer questions.

Conclusions

The RxWhyQA data set can be used to train and evaluate systems that need to handle multianswer and multifocus questions. Specifically, multianswer EQA appears to be challenging and therefore warrants more investment in research. We created and shared a clinical EQA data set with multianswer and multifocus questions that would channel future research efforts toward more realistic scenarios.
Changes in Learning From Social Feedback After Web-Based Interpretation Bias Modification: Secondary Analysis of a Digital Mental Health Intervention Among Individuals With High Social Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Beltzer Miranda L , Daniel Katharine E , Daros Alexander R , Teachman Bethany A
Published: June 2023

Background

Biases in social reinforcement learning, or the process of learning to predict and optimize behavior based on rewards and punishments in the social environment, may underlie and maintain some negative cognitive biases that are characteristic of social anxiety. However, little is known about how cognitive and behavioral interventions may change social reinforcement learning in individuals who are anxious.

Objective

This study assessed whether a scalable, web-based cognitive bias modification for interpretations (CBM-I) intervention changed social reinforcement learning biases in participants with high social anxiety symptoms. This study focused on 2 types of social reinforcement learning relevant to social anxiety: learning about other people and learning about one’s own social performance.

Methods

Participants (N=106) completed 2 laboratory sessions, separated by 5 weeks of ecological momentary assessment tracking emotion regulation strategy use and affect. Approximately half (n=51, 48.1%) of the participants completed up to 6 brief daily sessions of CBM-I in week 3. Participants completed a task that assessed social reinforcement learning about other people in both laboratory sessions and a task that assessed social reinforcement learning about one’s own social performance in the second session. Behavioral data from these tasks were computationally modeled using Q-learning and analyzed using mixed effects models.

Results

After the CBM-I intervention, participants updated their beliefs about others more slowly (P=.04; Cohen d=−0.29) but used what they learned to make more accurate decisions (P=.005; Cohen d=0.20), choosing rewarding faces more frequently. These effects were not observed among participants who did not complete the CBM-I intervention. Participants who completed the CBM-I intervention also showed less-biased updating about their social performance than participants who did not complete the CBM-I intervention, learning similarly from positive and negative feedback and from feedback on items related to poor versus good social performance. Regardless of the intervention condition, participants at session 2 versus session 1 updated their expectancies about others more from rewarding (P=.003; Cohen d=0.43) and less from punishing outcomes (P=.001; Cohen d=−0.47), and they became more accurate at learning to avoid punishing faces (P=.001; Cohen d=0.20).

Conclusions

Taken together, our results provide initial evidence that there may be some beneficial effects of both the CBM-I intervention and self-tracking of emotion regulation on social reinforcement learning in individuals who are socially anxious, although replication will be important.
Application of Machine Learning Prediction of Individual SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection Status to the French Serosurveillance Survey From March 2020 to 2022: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bougeard Stéphanie , Huneau-Salaun Adeline , Attia Mikael , Richard Jean-Baptiste , Demeret Caroline , Platon Johnny , Allain Virginie , Le Vu Stéphane , Goyard Sophie , Gillon Véronique , Bernard-Stoecklin Sibylle , Crescenzo-Chaigne Bernadette , Jones Gabrielle , Rose Nicolas , van der Werf Sylvie , Lantz Olivier , Rose Thierry , Noël Harold
Published: June 2023

Background

The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the French population was estimated with a representative, repeated cross-sectional survey based on residual sera from routine blood testing. These data contained no information on infection or vaccination status, thus limiting the ability to detail changes observed in the immunity level of the population over time.

Objective

Our aim is to predict the infected or vaccinated status of individuals in the French serosurveillance survey based only on the results of serological assays. Reference data on longitudinal serological profiles of seronegative, infected, and vaccinated individuals from another French cohort were used to build the predictive model.

Methods

A model of individual vaccination or infection status with respect to SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a machine learning procedure was proposed based on 3 complementary serological assays. This model was applied to the French nationwide serosurveillance survey from March 2020 to March 2022 to estimate the proportions of the population that were negative, infected, vaccinated, or infected and vaccinated.

Results

From February 2021 to March 2022, the estimated percentage of infected and unvaccinated individuals in France increased from 7.5% to 16.8%. During this period, the estimated percentage increased from 3.6% to 45.2% for vaccinated and uninfected individuals and from 2.1% to 29.1% for vaccinated and infected individuals. The decrease in the seronegative population can be largely attributed to vaccination.

Conclusions

Combining results from the serosurveillance survey with more complete data from another longitudinal cohort completes the information retrieved from serosurveillance while keeping its protocol simple and easy to implement.
Possibilities and Challenges of Delivering Health-Related Small Group Interventions Online: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Preuhs Katharina , Klein Velderman Mariska , van Empelen Pepijn
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic required the transition of health-related face-to-face group interventions to an online setting. While it seems that group outcomes can be realized in an online setting, less is known about resulting potential challenges (and advantages) and how these can be overcome.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this article is to explore what challenges and advantages may arise when providing health-related small group interventions in an online setting and how to overcome these challenges.

METHODS

Scopus and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant literature. Effect studies, meta-analyses, literature reviews, theoretical frameworks, and research reports relating to synchronous, face-to-face, health-related small group interventions, online group interventions, and video teleconferencing group interventions were identified and screened. Findings relating to potential challenges and corresponding strategies are described. In addition, potential advantages of online group settings were explored. Relevant insights were gathered until saturation of results relating to the research questions was reached.

RESULTS

The literature indicated several aspects that require extra attention and preparation in the online group setting. These include the delivery of nonverbal communication and affect regulation, as well as the build-up of group cohesion and therapeutic alliance, which seem more challenging online. Yet there are strategies to overcome these challenges, such as metacommunication, collecting participant feedback, and providing guidance concerning technical accessibility. In addition, the online setting provides opportunities to reinforce group identity, such as by allowing independence and the ability to create homogeneous groups.

CONCLUSIONS

While online, health-related small group interventions offer a considerable number of possibilities and benefits compared to face-to-face groups, there are also potential drawbacks to consider, which, if anticipated, can be to a great extent overcome.
Neural Summarization of Electronic Health Records (Preprint)
Authors: Pal Koyena , Bahrainian Seyed Ali , Mercurio Laura , Eickhoff Carsten
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Electronic Health Record (EHR) summarization is the process of condensing and extracting relevant information from EHRs to provide key patient health details in a concise manner. Such summaries are helpful in improving healthcare efficiency and decision-making for healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVE

Hospital discharge documentation is among the most essential, yet time-consuming documents written by medical practitioners. The objective of this study was to automatically generate hospital discharge summaries using neural network summarization models. In particular, we studied various data preparation and neural network training techniques that generate discharge summaries.

METHODS

Using nursing notes and discharge summaries from the MIMIC-III dataset, we studied the viability of the automatic generation of various sections of a discharge summary using four state-of-the-art neural network summarization models (BART, T5, Longformer and FLAN-T5).

RESULTS

Our experiments indicated that training environments including nursing notes as the source, and discrete sections of the discharge summary as the target output (e.g. “History of Present Illness”) improve language model efficiency and text quality. According to our findings, the fine-tuned BART model improved its ROUGE F1 score by 43.6% against its standard off-the-shelf version. We also found that fine-tuning the baseline BART model with other setups caused different degrees of improvement (up to 80% relative improvement). We also observed that a fine-tuned T5 generally achieves higher ROUGE F1 scores than other fine-tuned models and a fine-tuned FLAN-T5 achieves the highest ROUGE score overall, i.e., 45.6.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the general viability of the automatic generation of parts of the discharge summary; a key step in reducing the clerical burden on healthcare providers. For majority of the fine-tuned language models, summarizing discharge summary report sections separately outperformed the summarization the entire report quantitatively. On the other hand, fine-tuning language models that were previously instruction fine-tuned showed better performance in summarizing entire reports. This study concludes that a focused dataset designed for the automatic generation of discharge summaries by a language model can produce coherent Discharge Summary sections.
Authors’ Reply to: Additional Considerations for US Residency Selection After Pass/Fail USMLE Step 1. Comment on “The US Residency Selection Process After the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Pass/Fail Change: Overview for Applicants and Educators” (Preprint)
Authors: Ozair Ahmad , Bhat Vivek , Detchou Donald K E
Published: June 2023

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