bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
925-P: Postprandial Glucose Control Using an Extended Bolus for High Fat High Protein (HFHP) Meals during Closed-Loop (CL) in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
Authors: EKHLASPOUR LAYA , HOSSEINIPOUR YASAMAN J. , BUCKINGHAM BRUCE A. , CENGIZ EDA
Published: June 2023

We investigated the impact of an extended bolus (EB) for a HFHP breakfast on postprandial glycemia in adolescents with T1D using the Control IQ (CIQ) system. In a randomized cross-over trial, following optimization, the participants with CIQ were asked to have identical standardized HFHP breakfasts (carbohydrate:51 g, fat:40 g, protein:54 g). Meal insulin bolus infusion began within 0.25 hrs of meal consumption (time 0). Eight adolescents (mean age 15.2 ± 1.7 yrs) were randomly assigned in blocks of two to the order in which they received the extended and standard insulin bolus (SB). Postprandial sensor glucose (SG) was measured for 5 hrs. The 5-hr incremental area under the curves (AUC) for SG was comparable for EB and SB (8913 and 10305 mg/dl/min, respectively). Peak SG value, time to peak SG, time in range SG (69.75% for SB vs. 71.7% for EB) and percent time >180 mg/dl were similar in both groups; however, the AUC for SG 2 hrs post meal onset and the rise in SG was significantly higher with EB (p= 0.02 and 0.03 respectively). Insulin use was not significantly different between arms. CL cannot fully compensate for a HFHP meal. However, SB appears to achieve better glycemic control than EB during the two hour postprandial period. Further studies with a larger sample size and larger and longer extended meal boluses may be needed to optimize pre-meal bolus dosing for HFHP meals.

Disclosure

L.Ekhlaspour: Consultant; Ypsomed AG, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Other Relationship; NIH - National Institutes of Health, Research Support; MannKind Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., JDRF, Speaker's Bureau; Insulet Corporation. Y.J.Hosseinipour: None. B.A.Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Consultant; Lilly, Research Support; Medtronic, Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc. E.Cengiz: Advisory Panel; Eli Lilly and Company, Adocia, Novo Nordisk, Arecor.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (1K23DK121942)
933-P: Glycemic Level and Glycemic Variability in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Functional Outcome at Discharge—A Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study
Authors: PREECHASUK LUKANA , RILSTONE SIAN K. , XI TANG WEN , MAN JACKIE , YANG MINGMING , ZHAO ERICA , HOQUE LILY , TUNCAY ELIF , WILDING PETER , HALSE OMID , BANERJEE SOMA , OLIVER NICK , HILL NEIL E.
Published: June 2023

Background: Glycemic variability (GV) has been associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. We aimed to study the association between GV and functional outcome (FO) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Method: Participants with AIS were enrolled and started blinded CGM (Dexcom G6) between Nov 2020 and Dec 2022. Glucose data from the first 72 hours after admission were analysed. Patients were classified into 3 groups based on change of FO (modified Rankin scale, MRS) at between admission and discharge. These included (i) remained independent (RI); (ii) deteriorated to dependent (DD); and (iii) remained dependent (RD).

Result: Sixty-seven patients (mean±SD age 72.1±13.7 years) were enrolled; 71.6% patients had no DM; 28.4% patients had DM. The median (IQR) NIHSS was 8 (3, 14), and 34.3% received reperfusion therapy. The percentage of patients with RI, DD, and RD was 25.4, 55.2, 19.4%. Patients with DD had older age, higher NIHSS at admission and at 24 hours after reperfusion therapy compared to those RI (Table). From CGM data, those with and without diabetes deteriorating to dependence had higher mean glucose and glucose SD than the group remaining independent at discharge.

Conclusion: Hyperglycemia and glucose SD are associated with deterioration of functional status at discharge after acute stroke.

Disclosure

L.Preechasuk: None. O.Halse: None. S.Banerjee: None. N.Oliver: Advisory Panel; Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic, Roche Diabetes Care, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic. N.E.Hill: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. S.K.Rilstone: None. W.Tang: None. J.Man: None. M.Yang: None. E.Zhao: None. L.Hoque: None. E.Tuncay: None. P.Wilding: None.
952-P: The Accuracy and Feasibility of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in COVID-19 Non-Critically Ill Hospitalized Patients—A Pilot Study
Authors: SAKJIRAPAPONG CHOOMPUNUJ , SIRINVARAVONG SIRINART , PREECHASUK LUKANA , THONGTANG NUNTAKORN
Published: June 2023

Background: Optimal glycemic control is associated with favorable outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Frequent capillary blood glucose (CBG) monitoring is difficult to perform. Using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system to assist glycemic care can reduce the exposure of healthcare personnel and PPE usage. However, data on the accuracy of CGM in this setting are limited.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of real-time CGM (rt-CGM) in non-ICU hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This is a single-center prospective study of non-ICU hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 infection who had hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy during admission. Medtronic Guardian Connect rt-CGM sensor and transmitter were placed on the patient’s abdomen. Paired CBG and sensor glucose values were analyzed for accuracy of CGM using mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and Clarke Error Grid Analysis (CEGA).

Results: Fifteen patients were enrolled. Mean age was 48.6 ± 17.9 years. Thirteen patients (86.7%) had pre-existing diabetes. Mean HbA1c was 10.6± 3.6%. Mean duration of CGM use was 6 ± 1.2 days and mean calibration was 2.6 ± 0.7 times/day. There were 253 paired CBG and CGM measurements. The overall MARD was 9.9 ± 9.3%. The lowest MARD was observed in the CBG range of 70-180 mg/dl (9.6 ± 9.0%). The percentages of glucose readings within ±15%/15 mg/dL, ±20%/20 mg/dL, and ±30%/30 mg/dL were 80.2%, 89.7%, and 95.3%, respectively. A total of 99.2% of the data points were in zone A and B of CEGA, and none were in zone E. Percent time in range on day 1 was 57.9 ± 22.9 and improved to 64.9 ± 18.1 in the last 72 hours of sensor wear. No adverse events from the CGM were observed. CGM reduced POC testing by 30%.

Conclusions: Rt-CGM use in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection demonstrates high accuracy and potentially improves glucose control, reduces the frequency of CBG testing, and preserves medical resources.

Disclosure

C.Sakjirapapong: None. S.Sirinvaravong: None. L.Preechasuk: None. N.Thongtang: None.

Funding

Specific League Funds (R016421005)
958-P: Feasibility of a Long-Term Implanted Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)
Authors: BUTLER ANTHONY , ROBINSON LESLEY , OBEYESEKERE VARUNI R. , JONES HANNAH , KONG YEE W. , YI YUAN CHENG , BERTSCH KRISTA , ROUTH TIMOTHY L. , MARTHA SANDRA L. , TAN JASON , O'NEAL DAVID N.
Published: June 2023

Aim: To generate pilot data regarding acceptance, safety, and function of a novel long-term CGM.

Methods: The investigational CGM (Eclipse 3, GlySens, San Diego, CA) was surgically inserted superficial to the rectus sheath in 8 type 1 diabetes adults (4 Female; Mean [SD] age 56 [7]; BMI 25 [3]). CGM data were masked to participants and processed retrospectively in simulated real-time with one capillary blood glucose calibration per day. Monthly visits evaluated: user acceptance by standardised questionnaire; health of implantation sites; safety by anti-glucose oxidase and anti-catalase antibodies; and performance benchmarked against YSI during standardised meal tests. Bluetooth communication between the sensor and an Apple iPhone was assessed continuously.

Results: One sensor was removed at 4 months (participant withdrawal) due to impacted implant environment. There were no SAE’s. User acceptance remained high for the study duration. (Figure 1) Antibody levels did not rise. The lag corrected (23.3minutes) MARD (Median [range]) of 12.4% (1401 paired readings) was stable from month 1 (13.1%) to month 10 (14.0%). CGM readings within 20/20% and 30/30% of YSI values were 85% and 96%, respectively. The App received 95% of sensor data within 10 minutes.

Conclusions: Our results provide initial data supporting participant acceptance, and safety of Eclipse 3. Further sensor refinement will reduce lag and improve performance.

Disclosure

A.Butler: Employee; GlySens Incorporated. J.Tan: None. D.N.O'neal: None. L.Robinson: None. V.R.Obeyesekere: None. H.Jones: None. Y.W.Kong: None. C.Yuan: None. K.Bertsch: Employee; GlySens Inc. T.L.Routh: Employee; GlySens Incorporated. S.L.Martha: Employee; GlySens Incorporated.
966-P: Machine Learning Applied to Digital Retinal Images to Predict Glycated Haemoglobin
Authors: PARKER VICTORIA E.R. , SVANGARD NILS , SELVERAJAH VIKNESH , WHITE TOM , ESTERLINE RUSSELL L. , SAND FREDRIK W. , MAJDANSKA MALGORZATA , KASZUBSKA KATARZYNA , MYRBÄCK TOVE
Published: June 2023

Background: Machine-learning (ML) applied to retinal images can be used to make predictions of age, gender, retinopathy diagnosis and HbA1c. We sought to evaluate this technology in a setting with more limited healthcare infrastructure.

Methods: Using UK Biobank data we used machine-learning to train models to predict HbA1c and DM diagnosis. We performed a prospective pilot study in Kenya with concurrent retinal image acquisition and HbA1c measurement. The primary endpoint was the proportion with completed and interpretable assessments. Exploratory measures evaluated the accuracy of machine-learning predictions.

Results: In total, 301 participants were enrolled; mean age was 51.1 years, 45% were female, 99% were Black-African and DM, obesity and hypertension were prevalent. Greater than 97% of assessments were completed and of sufficient quality for ML based analysis. Overall model predictions for HbA1c were comparable in accuracy to those obtained using UK Biobank data. For HbA1c prediction the model achieved 56% within 1% of the lab-based value; greater degrees of accuracy were achieved for diagnosis of DM and high specificity was observed at different thresholds of HbA1c.

Conclusions: Further development of this technology holds potential to provide additional disease relevant measures alongside retinal screening in regions with limited healthcare access.

Disclosure

V.E.R.Parker: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. N.Svangard: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. V.Selverajah: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. T.White: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. R.L.Esterline: Employee; AstraZeneca. F.W.Sand: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. M.Majdanska: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. K.Kaszubska: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca. T.Myrbäck: Employee; AstraZeneca, Stock/Shareholder; AstraZeneca.

Funding

AstraZeneca
994-P: Excess Medical Expenditures and Out-of-Pocket Costs Associated with COVID-19 among Medicare Beneficiaries with Diabetes
Authors: WANG YU , ZHANG PING , ZHOU XILIN , IMPERATORE GIUSEPPINA
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study is to estimate excess medical expenditures and out-of-pocket costs of covid-19 in Medicare Beneficiaries with diabetes. Data were from the 100% Medicare claims database among 10,692,964 beneficiaries enrolled in fee-for-service plans from 03/2020 to 02/2022. Persons with diabetes and covid-19 infection were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. A beneficiary with any covid-19-related claims at any time during the study period was defined as a covid-19 patient. We compared medical expenditures (total, inpatient, outpatient, prescription, others) and out-of-pocket costs (OOP) between diabetes beneficiaries with and without covid-19 during the 2-year period. Per capita spending and OOP were calculated as total medical expenditures divided by the number of patients by covid-19 status. Per capita medical expenditures in total and by service type and OOP in persons with or without covid-19 and excess expenditures associated with covid-19 are presented in the Table. covid-19 imposed a substantial financial burden on the health care system and persons with diabetes.

Disclosure

Y.Wang: None. P.Zhang: None. X.Zhou: None. G.Imperatore: None.
998-P: Changes in Health Care Utilization and Costs among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults with Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: ZHOU XILIN , LUNDEEN ELIZABETH A. , ROLKA DEBORAH B.
Published: June 2023

Using claims from IQVIA PharMetrics Plus, we examined changes in health care utilization and costs among commercially insured US adults (aged 18 to 64 years) with diabetes (identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes). Utilization consisted of inpatient, emergency room (ER), all outpatient, physician office, ambulatory surgery center (ASC) procedures, and telehealth visits. Both utilization and costs (total medical spending in 2021 US dollars) were measured per person by month. Changes in utilization and costs were examined for 22 months of the pandemic (03/2020-12/2021) and compared with the corresponding months in the pre-pandemic period (03/2018-12/2019). We found that overall the largest reduction in utilization during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period was in ASC procedures (-41.9%) (Table). The reduction in physician office visits persisted throughout 2021. We also found a 7-fold increase in telehealth visits compared to the pre-pandemic period. Per-person costs were reduced by 19.6% from 03/2020 to 05/2020, then increased by 2-3% in 2021 compared to the pre-pandemic period. Commercially insured adults reduced their use of health care services during the pandemic while increasing their use of telehealth visits. Although costs were lower in the first few months of the pandemic, they increased later in the pandemic.

Disclosure

X.Zhou: None. E.A.Lundeen: None. D.B.Rolka: None.
Factors Associated with Eczema Clinical Trial Awareness, Interest, and Participation in Adults
Authors: Grinich Erin E. , Thibau Isabelle J. , Latour Emile , Price Kyla N. , Loiselle Allison R. , Simpson Eric , Smith Begolka Wendy
Published: June 2023

Despite the need for improved eczema therapies and a rapid increase in available eczema clinical trials, participation remains low. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with clinical trial awareness, interest, and barriers to enrolment and participation. An online survey, administered 1 May to 6 June 2020 to adults (≥ 18 years) with eczema in the USA, was analysed. Among 800 patients included, mean age was 49.4 years, most respondents were female (78.1%), White (75.4%), non-Hispanic (91.4%), and geographically living in an urban/suburban area (Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC) 1–3, 90.8%). Only 9.7% of respondents reported previous participation in clinical trials, while 57.1% had considered participation and 33.2% never considered participation. Higher satisfaction with current eczema therapy, clinical trial literacy, and confidence in finding eczema trial information were all associated with clinical trial awareness, interest, and successful participation. Younger age and having atopic dermatitis were associated with increased awareness, while female gender was a barrier to interest and successful participation.
Fältstudie i yrkesutbildning
Authors: Runström Nilsson Petra
Published: June 2023

Fältstudier är ett vanligt inslag i olika yrkesutbildningar som ges vid svenska lärosäten. Trots detta är det svårt att finna en definition på vad en fältstudie är, vilken teoretisk grund den vilar på, hur den kan konstrueras och examineras. I den här artikeln presenteras Grossmans ramverk (2009) som en teoretisk grund att tänka kring i konstruerandet av fältstudier. 
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
Work-based learning activities and assignment (fältstudier) in vocational training
Work-based learning (WBL) activities and assignment (fältstudie) are common in vocational training, for example teacher education, police education and nursing programs. However, it is hard to find a common definition, a theoretical ground for the work-based learning (WBL) activities and how the WBL activities and assignment are constructed and evaluated. In this article Grossman’s framework (2009) is presented as one possible theoretical frame one can use when constructing a work-based learning activity and/or assignment.
Ideology, selective tradition, and naturalization in the music teacher education curriculum
Authors: Knudsen Jan Sverre , Onsrud Silje Valde
Published: June 2023

This article engages with critical discourse analysis to explore how ideological values are represented in the national guidelines for generalist music teacher education in Norway. These curriculum documents are understood as part of a selective tradition which serves to naturalize dominating values in teacher education institutions. The analysis engages with historical and current discourses of music preferences, values, and philosophies. The authors argue that the national guidelines largely contribute to upholding a certain school music ideology and a matching community of music educators. The theoretical thrust is based on writings on curriculum and ideology, hegemony, naturalization and selective tradition.
MENANAMKAN KARAKTER NILAI RELIGIUS UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KEPRIBADIAN YANG ISLAMI MELALUI PROGRAM IMTAQ TERHADAP SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN SERANG 3
Authors: Safaturrahmah Jihan
Published: June 2023

SDN Serang 3 is an elementary school that in instills the character of religious values in students. Evidenced by the existence of imtaq program activities such as holding dhuha prayers, cults, reciting juz amma, memorizing short letters. So that is the basis the researcher is also interested in conducting research at the elementary school with a focus on instilling the character of religious values to develop an Islamic personality through the imtaq program for students in class IV at Serang 3 elementary school. With sub focus 1) the implementation of instilling the character of religious values to develop an Islamic personality through the imtaq program for IV students at SDN Serang 3. 2) the strategy of instilling the character of religious values to develop an islamic personality through the imtaq program for IV students at SDN Serang 3. The purpose of this research is to describe instilling the character of religious values to develop an Islamic personality through the imtaq program in elementary school in this study were observation, and documentation. The results of the study show that instilling the character of religious values in students with imtaq program activities.
Pengaruh Harga, Kepercayaan, dan Promosi terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Pengguna E-commerce Tokopedia
Authors: Daiman Maria , Yulita Ima , Poerwanto Gregorius
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of price, trust, and promotion on purchasing decisions of Tokopedia e-commerce users. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. This study obtained data by distributing questionnaires via google form to 96 respondents. The test instruments used are validity and reliability tests. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression, F test and t test. Data processing using SPSS Statistics 23 Software. The results obtained from this study include 1) Price, trust, and promotion simultaneously affect purchasing decisions for e-commerce users of Tokopedia, 2) Price does not affect purchasing decisions on e-commerce users Tokopedia, 3) Trust has an effect on purchasing decisions for Tokopedia e-commerce users and 4) Promotion has an effect on purchasing decisions for Tokopedia e-commerce users.
Considerations about the measurement of electromagnetic emissions
Authors: M. Buzdugan
Published: June 2023

The main goal of the paper is to present procedures and analysis of the measurement that must be performed and the compulsory results to obtain compliance with conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions. After the introductory section which outlines generalities related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the second section focuses on the dichotomy between near-field and far-field, present in two important zones where electromagnetic phenomena are totally different, which however are not well enough highlighted in the specific EMC standards. The third section is devoted to emission measurements that must be performed in different electromagnetic environments and for different types of equipment depicted in the specific standards in force. As an example, the case of electromagnetic emissions produced by a household gas thermal power unit is presented.
Integration of renewable resources into the electricity energy matrix. Practical case applied to a small rural municipality
Authors: D. Dasí-Crespo  , C. Roldán-Blay  , G. Escrivá-Escrivá  , C. Roldán-Porta
Published: June 2023

Climate change is a global problem, which is being mitigated over the last decades. To this end, several regulations are being developed to make an energy transition towards renewable resources. In this framework, more and more energy communities are being created in Europe, with the aim of reducing energy consumption based on fossil fuels and promoting the use of renewable energies. This work proposes the design and management of renewable resources to introduce them into the energy matrix. This energy matrix based on renewable energies aims to cover the energy demand of a small rural municipality in the Valencian Community (Spain), for which the annual consumption is known. The results show the possibility of achieving a high percentage of self-consumption in rural municipalities, minimising dependence on the general electricity grid.
Experimental set-up to study power quality in single-phase split-phase distribution systems
Authors: I. Vicente  , A. Arrinda  , J.E. Rodríguez-Seco  , L. Piyasinghe
Published: June 2023

Power Quality (PQ) has been an important topic since the creation of distribution systems. The deployment of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) provided an important tool to measure the PQ of the electric power in the consumption points. One of the smallest secondary distribution systems in terms of power consumption is the single-phase split-phase system (120 V/240 V) that countries such as the United States, Canada, and some countries of central and south America have. Due to its size, this secondary distribution system is more prone to PQ issues. To that end, an experimental set-up was built by the authors so the distribution system from the Low Voltage (LV) transformer to the final appliances of the different houses was emulated. The aim is to capture the currents and voltages observed by the smart meter located at the entrance of the house and look for the different responses. A combination of real and dummy loads was installed in the set-up, so real noise could also be simulated. The set-up was totally automated by an industrial controller and relays, and it produced a very detailed dataset that could be used for multiple purposes.
Phase Identification in Smart Grids – Case Study
Authors: Lluc Crespí-Castañer  , Miquel Roca  , Josep Lluís Rosselló  , Lluís Juncosa  , Vicente Canals
Published: June 2023

A widespread problem of the electricity distribution system is determining to which phase a consumer is connected. Generally, utility companies did not recordthe distribution of the phases over time, which is essential to address the problem of unbalanced voltage distribution networks. In addition, manual phase identification is not feasible due to its high cost. The massive deployment of smart meters allowed periodic readings of energy consumption, voltage, current, etc. Out of this large amountof data, several techniques based on machine learning have emerged, addressing the problem of phase identification automatically while maintaining the existing infrastructure. Hence, phase identification is essential for developing smart-grid solutions. In the present work, we applied an unsupervised machine-learning technique that allows the classification of the time-voltage series recorded by the smart meters of a low-voltage three-phase radial distribution network located in the Balearic Islands (Spain). The results show that there is a correlation between the time series of the feeder voltage and the consumer meters. The proposed methodreached a 100% success ratein the case study. In addition, the results obtained open the way to deploy a new grid configuration to minimize the load imbalance.
Optimal Allocation of Curtailment Level of PV Power Output in Different Regions in Consideration of the Reduction in Aggregated PV Power
Authors: N. Harag  , C. T. Urabe  , T. Kato
Published: June 2023

Due to the extremely high penetration of photovoltaic power generation system (PV), the power output curtailment (Cr) of PV is necessary not only to maintain supply-demand balance but also to preserve enough capacity for the frequency control. Although the Cr level for the aggregated PV in the power system service area is determined in a day-ahead unit commitment (UC) scheduling, the Cr for individual PVwith different weather conditions should be allocated so that the fluctuation of aggregated PV power output is minimized. Assuming that the short-term forecasting of individual PVpower output fluctuations characteristics is available, the objective of this study is to propose methods for optimal short-term allocation of Cr level among each region. The proposed methods have proven their effectiveness in meeting the predetermined average PV power ouput as well as reducing the fluctuations of the overall system.
Analysis of market entry, restructuring and economic risks at energy companies – literature review
Authors: I. Vokony  , M. Csete Szalmáné
Published: June 2023

The entry of companies dealing with renewable energy sources into the market will be analyzed firstly, in addition to the companies dealing with fossil-based energy production, which are still strongly present. Here the game-theoretic stylization of the competition between two types of companies is in scope, while the incumbents determine the energy prices, and those entering the market can respond with quantitative adjustments. After that, the cyber security issues of the market-leading energy companies are under revision. Nowadays, due to the widespread use of computer control systems, a possible cyber-attack is a big risk for a power plant, as it can result in a complete system shutdown or, in the worst case, even irreparable damage. In light of these, risk networks are analyzed in three layers, reflecting normal and extreme market conditions. Ultimately, we will analyze the strategic steps of companies' restructuring and withdrawal. In the current economic situation, many dominant companies have a diversified portfolio, which on one hand promises beneficial profit opportunities and financial stability due to the parallel presence of diverse investment and production directions, but also makes it necessary to abandon the given route and to reallocate resources to another sector if necessary. Based on these points, by the end of the analysis, we will have a clearer picture of the struggle for market dominance of large energy companies and the steps necessary for success.
Real-time Simulation Framework for Validating Controllers of Virtual Synchronous Generators
Authors: M. M. R. Chowdhury  , L. Stranyóczky  , Z. Süt˝o
Published: June 2023

The utilization of active rectifiers as converters in the interface between AC and DC microgrids has become a prevalent practice owing to their capacity to facilitate bidirectional power flow. The contemporary methodology for the development of power converters includes the integration of real-time simulation steps for the validation of control schemes and the assurance of safe implementation with hardware. The present study proposes a methodology for developing a real-time Hardware-in-the Loop (HIL) simulation framework, which aims to facilitate the rapid prototyping of advanced control algorithms for an Active Front-End (AFE) rectifier, especially a Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) control strategy. This approach aims to enhance the dynamic performance and stability of low-inertia power systems by mimicking the behavior of a synchronous generator, thereby providing virtual inertia to the power system. The control schemes and the primary circuit models are designed and implemented utilizing Matlab/Simulink and are optimized for code generation.
Inverter Control Design for the optimal management of electrical Microgrids
Authors: J. R. Vázquez  , N. Magro  , R. S. Herrera  , A. D. Martin
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, the promotion of renewable energy sources is a necessity. Technically, the increase of the renewable penetration in the power system (PS) is a challenge. One solution for this problem is the use of self-controlled microgrids (smartgrid, SG). In this work, the design of an algorithm to optimal manage the SG energy through the power inverter control in the SG is presented. In general, a SG consists of renewable energy sources, electrical loads and storage systems. In an isolated SG (no connected to the power system), a DC/AC (direct current / alternating current) converter (power inverter, PInv) is necessary to provide an alternating voltage to supply the loads. If the SG is connected to the PS, the PInv is used to inject the active power from the renewable energy sources.
Optimal Placement of Heat Exchangers in a Carbon Capture-Based Ventilation System
Authors: J.P. Harrouz  , K. Ghali  , N. Ghaddar
Published: June 2023

Achieving acceptable air quality levels in indoor spaces by regulating the concentrations of H2O and CO2 is important for occupant health. Conventional techniques rely on supplying dehumidified outdoor air to dilute these species to within their healthy ranges. Typically, the outdoor air dehumidification is conducted using vapor compression cooling either as standalone systems or integrated with desiccant dehumidifiers. These methods are known to be energy intensive, especially in hot and humid climates. Ventilation systems using indoor air with adsorption-based CO2 capture are thus proposed. These systems use adsorbent packed beds to dehumidify and decarbonize the indoor air before it is sensibly cooled and supplied to the space. For energy efficient operation of these systems, heat recovery units are necessary. In this work, heat and mass balance models were developed and used to determine the optimal placement location of the heat recovery units. It was found that a heat exchanger preceding the decarbonization bed increased the MOFs capacity, resulting in 33 % lower mass requirements. This was accompanied by a reduction in the thermal and electrical energy consumption by 43.5 % and 25 %, respectively, with respect to the configuration where the heat exchanger was placed after both air treatment systems.
Use of Building Façade for Active Indoor Humidity Control
Authors: K. Ghali  , J.P. Harrouz  , N. Ghaddar
Published: June 2023

Regulating indoor humidity levels to healthy ranges is important to provide occupants with acceptable thermal comfort and air quality conditions. Conventional techniques relied on the supply of dehumidified outdoor air to dilute the indoor generated moisture. They use vapor compression cooling either as standalone system or integrated with desiccant dehumidifiers to generate the dry air. Such systems are energy intensive and require large footprint areas, especially in hot and humid climates. This work proposes thus an energy-efficient alternative where the indoor humidity is pumped directly from the space and discharged outdoors. This system integrates a metal organic framework-based dehumidifier with the building breathable façade. The dehumidifier dries the outdoor air that is used to ventilate the façade and create the necessary driving gradient for the moisture transfer, irrespective of the outdoor air conditions. Mathematical models are developed to evaluate the system performance for an office space located in the extreme hot and humid climate of Jeddah, KSA. The proposed system resulted in 89 % and 90 % reduction in the system size and energy consumption compared to conventional systems over the peak humidity month.
Analytical study of the absorber performance of a Hygroscopic cycle for low concentrations of LiBr solutions
Authors: Malena Potesta-González  , Roberto Martínez-Pére  , Andrés Meana-Fernández  , Juan M. González-Caballín Sánchez  , Francisco J. Rubio-Serrano  , Antonio J. Gutiérrez Trashorras
Published: June 2023

Nowadays, higher ambient temperatures and water scarcity, primarily due to climate change, represent a challenge for the refrigeration systems of traditional thermodynamic power cycles. The novel Hygroscopic Cycle Technology arises as a solution to mitigate those drawbacks by means of hygroscopic compounds, which lead to a condensation process by absorption in a mixing chamber, called absorber. Consequently, heat rejection can be achieved at higher cold sink temperatures in a closed loop, avoiding water consumption. In this work, the influence of the concentration of the hygroscopic salt LiBr in the condensation process inside the absorber, key element of the cycle, has been analyzed with EES software. The analysis is divided into very low (0% to 0.01%) and low (0.01% to 5%) concentrations of LiBr-H2O solutions. Absolute pressure at the absorber ranges between 3 kPa and 21 kPa. Results show that properties of very low concentration mixtures can be approximated to those of pure water, showing errors lower than 0.11%. As concentration rises from 0.01 to 5 % specific enthalpy decreases, leading to lower consumption of the refrigeration system of the cycle.
Very Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting Using a Hybrid LSTM-Markov Model Based on Corrected Wind Speed
Authors: A. Nuttapat Jittratorn  , B. Chao-Ming Huang  , C. Hong-Tzer Yang
Published: June 2023

A Markov chain (MC) model is a statistical method of predicting future outcomes using past experience. This study proposes a hybrid method that uses a long short-term memory (LSTM) and a MC method to produce very accurate short-term (10-min) forecasts for the power output from a wind turbine (WT). The proposed method has three stages. The first stage uses k-means clustering to partition the wind power data into several clusters. The second stage uses LSTM models to initially predict the wind power output for each cluster. The final stage uses a MC method to construct the transition probability matrix for every 10-mimute time period. Using the transition probability matrices, the final predicted value for the WT power output is estimated using the prediction results for each cluster in the LSTM. This article also suggests a wind speed correction approach to enhance the forecasted wind speed result achieved by applying the weather research and forecasting model in order to generate more accurate wind power forecasting results. The proposed method is tested using a 3.6 MW WT power generation system that is located in Changhua, Taiwan. The effectiveness of the proposed model is compared with support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), LSTM and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) methods.
Energy Consumption Optimisation of Emergency Shelters for Ukrainian War Refugees
Authors: Olena Rubanenko
Published: June 2023

The paper deals with optimisation of energy consumption of emergency shelters (tiny houses) for Ukrainian War refugees. Significant amount of Ukrainian citizens lost their homes or were forced to leave their properties. These refugees overcrowd the rest of the country and bring huge problems with accommodation and inclusion into existing communities. Accommodation in schools or gyms is just temporary solution with another unpleasant influence on the society. It is necessary to construct new quarters or communities using cheap but energy very efficient constructions. Several variants of tiny house with various equipment features and living or comfort standard are being discussed and compared. These studies are based on real project realised between Ukrainian non-government organisation Synergy and German development agency weChange. Main goal of this research is consumption optimisation of not particular single shelter but rather of large community of shelters containing hundreds or thousands units called shelter city. The tiny houses itself are designed according to passive solar systems standards and with accent to minimal purchasing costs and operational energy needs. Second important requirement is strong optimisation of shelter’s load chart to significantly decrease influence of the shelter city to power grid connection point. Both tasks are important because the Russian attack against Ukraine brings new tasks for power engineering sector. Electricity production, transmission, distribution and consumption must face new challenges. Nowadays more than 35 % of critical infrastructure is being damaged. Remaining infrastructure would be more overloaded, if new customers are connected without energy needs optimisation.
Implementation of Grid-Connected Wind Energy during Fault Analysis Using Moth Flame Optimization with Firebug Swarm Optimization
Authors: Prasad Kumar Bandahalli Mallappa  , Herminio Martínez-García  , Guillermo Velasco-Quesada
Published: June 2023

In modern trends, the voltage profile has become increasingly critical when incorporating wind turbine energy sources because of changes in fault ride-through capabilities throughout voltage reaction. Ripple, voltage magnitude changes,and injected harmonics due to conversion switches are power quality issues for grid-integrated doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) wind sources.
In this study, FACTS (flexible alternating current transmissionsystem) devices like the static VAR compensator (SVC), thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC), unified power flow controllers (UPFC), and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) are used to stabilise wind energy with DFIGs. The simulation test cases using MATLAB also analyse three lines to ground fault (LLL-G) of fault measures, which showed a 9 MW that transferred to utility grid. Therefore, it is suggested to inject or absorb reactive power to stabilise the system using moth flame optimization with firebug swarm optimization (MFO-FSO). The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed MFO-FSO based STATCOM devices outperform the current non-linear generalized predictive control based STATCOM, which only achieves 0.9815 per unit voltage stability, by achieving ahigher voltage profile of 0.9925 per unit voltage stability with a reactive power injection of 1.82 MVAR.
Alternative Uses of Hydroelectric Power Plants in a Decarbonized Energy Scenario
Authors: M. Remiro-Cinca  , L. Elorza-Uriarte  , G. Fernández  , L. Luengo-Baranguan  , D. Martínez-López  , N. Galán-Hernández
Published: June 2023

Drastic reduction of greenhouse gases emissions depends, among other factors, on a quick and efficient integration of renewable sources in the energy generation pool. In this context, hydropower nowadays represents the biggest share of the world renewable energy generation. However, in the case of European Union, many hydropower plants are about to reach their end-of-life stage and environmental regulations on the recovery of natural water flows require these plants to be dismantled. In the controversial scenario where the need to recover natural waterflows and the loss of a key source of green energy clash with each other, the objective of this work is to provide an exhaustive review of the different auxiliary services that hydropower plants can provide in the current and especially future decarbonized electricity paradigm. To this end, services such as participation in secondary and tertiary regulation markets, power purchase agreements, local energy communities, reduction of curtailments, renewable energy storage or contribution to physical inertia to the grid are analyzed and final conclusions are drawn.
STATCOM Effect on Voltage Profile of a Distributed Network Considering Two Different Measurement Positions
Authors: E.P. Simonetti  , S.P. Simonetti  , L.S. Ribeiro  , D.S.L. Simonetti
Published: June 2023

The voltageprofile of low voltage distribution systemsmust be in accordance to national regulations, usually given bya rangein which voltage needs to be.Along a day, usuallyvoltage fluctuates according to load characteristics, especiallypower level and power factor,and in some situations can overpass minimum acceptable values. This paper studies the influence of the power factor measurementpoint governing a D-STATCOM, over the feeder voltage profile.By simulation, it was saw that connecting the D-STATCOM at the end of the system, but correcting power factor saw by the initial pole, a better voltage compliance is obtained.
Preliminary Identification of the Dynamics of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Barge
Authors: I. Galeote  , S. Esteban  , M. Santos
Published: June 2023

Offshore wind turbines have become an increasingly attractive source of renewable energy because of their potential to access and utilize energy from deeper waters with more stable, stronger winds. The goal of this paper is to propose a mathematical model based on transfer functions to identify and study the behaviorof the six degrees of freedom of floating turbines.For this purpose, the system has been simulated with OpenFAST forspecific environmental conditions. Asubset of data hasbeen used to identify transfer functionsto obtain a control-oriented model. The model hasbeenprogressively validated, extending the preliminary proposed model. The scope and limitations of this methodology have been assessed, as well as the possibilities of extending the present work to include a more functional methodology oriented to system co-design.
The Effect of Universal Design for Learning on the Proficiency of English as a Foreign Language Students’ Acquisition of Reading and Vocabulary Skills
Authors: Zannan Alghamdy Rashed
Published: June 2023

A mixed-method study was conducted for six weeks during a preparatory year at Al-Baha University in Saudi Arabia to investigate the influence of Universal Design for Learning on the competency and proficiency of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students’ acquisition of reading and vocabulary skills. The participants were 45 male students from Al-Baha University’s preparatory year, aged 18–21. The participants were subjected to standardized interviews and English achievement tests to gather qualitative and quantitative data respectively. The study’s results showed significant statistical variances between the post-test scores and the average scores of the EFL students using the Universal Design for Learning and the traditional method to acquire reading and vocabulary skills. This shows that the use of UDL has a statistically significant impact on students’ competency and proficiency in acquiring English reading and vocabulary skills. The findings of this study also revealed that UDL serves all needs of learners, boosts their motivation to gain more English skills, assists the students to break the barriers between themselves and the teacher, makes positive relationships among all students, provides varieties of materials for teaching, and gives options for the assignments
Investigating the Impact of Classroom Language on Moroccan High School Students’ Motivation in EFL Classes
Authors: El Byad Ismail , Mouaziz Abdelkrim , Moumni Jaouad , El Biadi Maha
Published: June 2023

Classroom language constitutes a central feature in the success of the teaching-learning process. The way language is used by teachers contributes to either the motivation or demotivation of students. When teachers carefully select positive words while teaching, learners are more likely to feel engaged and active participants in the construction of knowledge. However, when instructors give no importance to their language, they unconsciously deprive their students of productive learning and decrease their level of motivation. The present study aims to investigate how language promoted by English language teachers affects Moroccan high school students’ motivation. This study is significant since it allows us to understand how language can play an essential role in the productivity of the teaching-learning process. To conduct this study, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were adopted through a questionnaire and an interview, respectively. This research was conducted in Moroccan high schools in the city of Guercif with both Moroccan high school teachers and students. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the respondents hold positive attitudes toward the way language is used by their teachers. They also stated that they are pretty aware of the critical effect that their teachers’ words have on their motivation. The results obtained led us to consider many suggestions and recommendations, among which we find the necessity of carrying out continuous research to study students’ needs and be able to respond to their multiple twenty-first-century needs.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers for Cerebral Palsy Using Bioinformatics Approaches
Authors: Mohd Joffry Suhaidah , C W Rosli Siti Aisyah , Mohamed Ruzianisra
Published: June 2023

Cerebral palsy has affected millions of people worldwide. There are many causes that contributed to this condition, and it might happen during maternal, prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal life. Epidemiological studies have shown that most of the causes of cerebral palsy are prior to labour. However, there is no cure for this condition, and the diagnosis is still lacking in many aspects. Early assessments and interventions are crucial because they can improve patients’ health and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to predict the potential biomarkers for cerebral palsy by using bioinformatics approaches. Two datasets, GSE31243 and GSE11686, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and GEO2R was performed to obtain the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enrichr, a gene set search engine was used to perform GO functional, enrichment analysis, functional annotations and KEGG pathway analysis for the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks was constructed through STRING database and visualised by Cytoscape software. In total, 450 DEGs and ten hub genes were identified including LPL, LIPE, ACSL1, MT1E, MT1G, MT1X, MT1H, FABP3, PLIN2 and MT2A. In conclusion, by using bioinformatics approaches, several DEGs related to cerebral palsy were screened and the hub genes identified are crucial in differentiating cerebral palsy from other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Sume de bani achitate cu titlu de indemnizație de detașare unor angajați care își desfășoară temporar activitatea pe teritoriul unui alt stat din Uniunea Europeană. Evaziune, abuz de drept sau optimizare fiscală?
Authors: Bugnar-Coldea Oana
Published: June 2023

Pornind de la o interesantă decizie a Curții de Apel Timișoara, în cuprinsul acestui material a fost analizată ipoteza în care un angajator achită anumite sume de bani angajaților care își desfășoară temporar activitatea pe teritoriul unui alt stat membru, cu titlu de diurnă. Astfel, au fost trecute în revistă argumentele invocate de Tribunalul Arad și Curtea de Apel Timișoara prin care s-a decis că se impune achitarea inculpatului, dar și argumentele judecătorului de la instanța de control judiciar care a formulat opinie separată. În continuare, starea de fapt a fost supusă propriei analize, scopul final al prezentului material fiind acela de a stabili dacă fapta imputată inculpatului a constituit infracțiune, abuz de drept sau optimizare fiscală.