bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parker Solar Probe Observations of Magnetic Reconnection Exhausts in Quiescent Plasmas near the Sun
Authors: Eriksson Stefan , Swisdak Marc , Mallet Alfred , Kruparova Oksana , Livi Roberto , Romeo Orlando , Bale Stuart D. , Kasper Justin C. , Larson Davin E. , Pulupa Marc
Published: April 2024

Parker Solar Probe observations are analyzed for the presence of reconnection exhausts across current sheets (CSs) within R < 0.26 au during encounters 4–11. Exhausts are observed with nearly equal probability at all radial distances with a preference for quiescent Tp < 0.80 MK plasmas typical of a slow-wind regime. High Tp > 0.80 MK plasmas of a fast wind characterized by significant transverse fluctuations rarely support exhausts irrespective of the CS width. Exhaust observations demonstrate the presence of local temperature gradients across several CSs with a higher-Tp plasma on locally closed fields and a lower-Tp plasma on locally open field lines for an interchange-type reconnection. A CS geometry analysis directly supports the property that X-lines bisect the magnetic field rotation θ-angle, whether the fields and plasmas are asymmetric or not, to maximize reconnection rates and available magnetic energy. The CS normal width d
cs distributions suggest that a multiscale reconnection process through nested layers of bifurcated CSs may be responsible for observed power-law distributions beyond the median d
cs ∼ 1000 km with an exponential d
cs distribution present for ion kinetic dissipation scales below this median. Magnetic field shear θ-angles are essentially identical at R < 0.26 and 1 au with medians at θ ∼ 55° near the Sun and θ ∼ 65° at 1 au. In contrast, the tangential flow shear distributions are different near and far from the Sun. A bimodal flow shear angle distribution is present near the Sun with strong shear flow magnitudes. This distribution is modified with radial distance toward a relatively flat distribution of weaker flow shear magnitudes.
Revisiting the Polarization of the Emission of the Internal Shock in the Jet of Blazars
Authors: Zhang Hao-Qiang , Lin Da-Bin , Liu Kuan , Liang En-Wei
Published: April 2024

Recent Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) observations of blazars tend to support the shock model for the X-ray emission, but report a low degree of polarization (Π ∼ 10%) in X-rays compared with the previous theoretical expectations in the shock model. In order to reconcile the theoretical expectations with observations, we revisit the polarization of the shock emission by considering different types of directions in the distribution of the shock-generated magnetic fields (sgMFs). Here,

with

along the shock normal direction is used to describe the direction in the distribution of sgMFs in the shock comoving frame. It is found that the polarization in the X-ray and radio emission for a general jet in blazars can be described as

and

, respectively. Correspondingly, one can have ζ
sg ∼ 1−1.5 according to IXPE observations. Besides the sgMFs, the magnetic fields generated by the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) (rmMFs) are supposed to be present in the jets. The direction of the rmMFs is mainly distributed along the shock normal in the simulations and thus

is adopted to describe the direction of the distribution in rmMFs. We find that rmMFs are likely to significantly affect the polarization properties at low-frequency emission, especially when the sgMFs decay rapidly. Based on contemporaneous radio and X-ray observations, we find that the emission of electrons in rmMFs makes a significant contribution to the low-frequency emission and the ordered background magnetic fields can be neglected.
Three-dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Periodic Variations of Ganymede’s Footprint
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhang Binzheng , Chen Junjie , Zheng Zhiqi , Yang Ziyi , Ye Shengyi , Cui Jun
Published: April 2024

Alfvénic power is generated through the interaction between the mini-magnetosphere of Ganymede and the corotating flow of the Jovian plasma, contributing to the formation of the Ganymede auroral footprint at Jupiter’s ionosphere. Using a three-dimensional, high-resolution global magnetohydrodynamic model of the Ganymede magnetosphere, we investigate the temporal variations of the Alfvénic power generated in the mini-magnetosphere of the moon under steady-state upstream conditions. Results show that (1) the Alfvénic power caused by the intermittent magnetic reconnections and the Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities is quasiperiodic, varying over time with the periods about 71–333 s, which are consistent with the 100 s timescale periodicities of the Ganymede footprint's emitted power; and (2) the magnitude of the Alfvénic power is smaller when Ganymede is inside the Jovian plasma sheet where the B

y
component is smaller, and larger when the moon is outside the plasma sheet where the B

y
component is larger.
Morphological Evolution of Disk Galaxies and Their Concentration, Asymmetry, and Clumpiness (CAS) Properties in Simulations across Toomre’s Q Parameter
Authors: Chantavat T. , Yuma S. , Malelohit P. , Worrakitpoonpon T.
Published: April 2024

We investigate the morphological and structural evolution of disk galaxies in simulations for a wide range of Toomre’s Q parameters. In addition to the inspection of conventional bar modes, we compute the concentration, asymmetry, and clumpiness (CAS) parameters to enlarge the understanding of the galaxy evolution. These parameters are widely employed to analyze the light distribution of the observed galaxies, but the adaptation to numerical simulations is not much considered. While the bar formation takes place in a considerable range of Q around 1, barred galaxies originating from Q > 1 and Q < 1 disks yield CAS values that differ significantly. Disks starting with Q < 1 develop clumps due to local gravitational instabilities along with the bar, and these clumps play a central role in enhancing the CAS values. This process is absent in the Q > 1 counterparts in which the evolution is dominated by linearly unstable two-armed modes that lead to lower CAS values. Likewise, unbarred galaxies that are obtainable from disks with Q far below and far above 1 exhibit greatly different CAS magnitudes. It turns out that the CAS parameters can serve as indicators of the initial kinematical state and the evolution history of a disk of any morphology. In addition, we find an alternative mechanism of the formation of the lopsided barred galaxy when Q ≲ 1. Bars that evolve in the midst of the clumps can spontaneously become lopsided at the end.
Changes in the list of over-the-counter drugs containing biologically active substances of plant origin which are intended to be applied among pediatric patients in Bulgaria
Authors: Hadzhieva Bozhidarka Radoslavova , Mihaylova Anna Atanasova , Dimitrov Milen Ventsislavov , Kilova Kristina Pavlova
Published: April 2024

Over-The-Counter (OTC) drugs constitute a large category found in pharmacies. They are intended to be applied among adult patients and infants as well. They are also used for prophylaxis.

The number of OTC drugs containing biologically active substances (BAS) of plant origin which are intended to be applied among children is insignificant. The changes in the list of OTC medicines which are applied among children mainly affect products influencing cold and flu symptoms. These medicines often contain decongestants which are considered to be the main reason for the emergence of a number of unwanted drug reactions. In addition, the list of OTC drugs has been supplemented with new medicines, most of which contain the same BAS of plant origin, but the product has been produced by a different manufacturer.
Mazus jiangshiense (Mazaceae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: Chen Yong-Bin , Chen Xin-Yan , Ma Liang , Zhao Zhuang , Chen Shi-Pin
Published: April 2024

Utilising both morphological and molecular analyses, this study unveils Mazus jiangshiensesp. nov., a novel addition to the Mazaceae family, discovered in Shaowu County, Fujian Province, China. The comprehensive description and illustrations provided here are a result of a meticulous exploration of its morphological features. While bearing a resemblance to M. gracilis, this new-found species is distinguished by three distinct characteristics: its stems are delicately soft, its leaves possess a membranous quality and the ovary is notably villous at the apex. Integration of molecular evidence, derived from the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrITS) and three plastid DNA sequences (rps16, rbcL and trnL-trnF), unequivocally supports the classification of M. jiangshiense as a distinct species. Notably, the molecular analysis positions it as a sister species to M. spicatus, underscoring the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Mazus. Our research not only introduces M. jiangshiense as a novel taxonomic entity, but also provides a nuanced understanding of its morphological differences and molecular affinities, enriching our comprehension of the diversity and evolutionary relationships of Mazaceae.
Description of a new species of the genus Cultellus Schumacher, 1817 (Bivalvia, Pharidae) from the South China Sea, based on integrative taxonomy
Authors: Yu Yanan , Jiao Yingyi , Zhang Junlong
Published: April 2024

The present study describes a new species within the genus Cultellus Schumacher, 1817 collected from the South China Sea. An integrative taxonomic approach incorporating morphological comparisons, geometric morphometrics and genetic analyses was used to identify and differentiate the new species. Cultellus exilissp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by its slender, fragile and translucent valves, curved posteroventral margins and relatively large protractor scars. The geometric morphometric analyses, based on outlines data, indicated that samples of Cultellus exilissp. nov. clustered together and were distinctly separated from other species. Multiple species delimitation results, based on the mitochondrial COI gene, support the separation of Cultellus exilissp. nov. from its related congeners. Phylogenetic analyses of a nuclear (28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) genes using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods revealed that the species belongs to the genus Cultellus. The superfamily Solenoidea Lamarck, 1809, which includes the families Solenidae Lamarck, 1809 and Pharidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856, exhibits closer affinity to the family Hiatellidae Gray, 1824 than to Solecurtidae d’Orbigny, 1846. Furthermore, we found that the genus Siliqua was clustered alongside the genera Ensiculus and Phaxas as a sister clade, which contradicts the current systematics of the subfamily within the family Pharidae. This work highlights the utility of integrative taxonomy for species identification, recognition and phylogenetic investigation.
Suisse. Les stratégies de contrôle de la main-d’œuvre migrante dans la logistique
Authors: Kalbermatter Jacqueline
Published: April 2024

Cet article discute de la centralité du contrôle de la main-d’œuvre migrante pour l’organisation du travail dans la logistique. Ce contrôle peut être considéré comme un type de contrôle négocié entre la direction et les travailleurs et travailleuses au niveau de l’organisation du processus de travail, mais dont l’objectif comprend également le contrôle des conditions de vie de la main-d’œuvre migrante. En prenant l’exemple de deux entreprises suisses ayant des formes d’organisation du travail différentes, l’article s’interroge sur les formes concrètes et spécifiques qu’y prend ce contrôle.
L’OSINT, une démarche utile pour la conformité ?
Authors: Lowenthal Jean-François , Ruffié Eric , El Harchi Assiya , Lenfant Frédéric
Published: April 2024

L’OSINT est à la mode. Et comme le sujet principal de l’OSINT est la collecte d’informations, il semble normal que les responsables compliance se posent la question de savoir s’ils doivent s’intéresser à l’OSINT. Pour réfléchir à cette question, commençons par bien définir ce que veut dire ce vilain néologisme.
Automatiser les contrôles réglementaires : un enjeu de conformité et d’éfficacité dans le contexte du commerce international
Authors: Paulus François
Published: April 2024

La crise sanitaire que nous traversons nous a rappelé à quel point nos économies modernes sont tributaires du transport international de marchandises en général et de la « maritimisation » des échanges internationaux en particulier, dans la mesure où 90 % de ce transport s'effectue par voie maritime. Le transport maritime de marchandises est donc une activité indispensable au fonctionnement de nos économies globalisées. Malheureusement, ces échanges maritimes sont également le théâtre d’une grande variété d’activités illicites.
Cryptoactifs : une réglementation progressive, une compliance indispensable
Authors: Quéméner Myriam
Published: April 2024

Le développement du numérique pose des défis nouveaux au monde de la finance classique, en particulier aux banques qui s’adaptent progressivement à l’inévitable digitalisation des échanges. Ainsi, le secteur des actifs numériques présente un certain nombre de risques en matière de lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux et le financement du terrorisme (LCB-FT). Ils font l’objet d’une réglementation progressive et doivent avoir aussi toute l’attention de la compliance.
Place de la souffrance psychique en soins palliatifs
Authors: Rochas Bruno
Published: April 2024

Résumé Quand l’angoisse est effectivement identifiée, on encouragerait à tenter de mieux la comprendre à travers les mots et le comportement du patient. Il s’agit pour cela de la replacer dans une histoire et avec une personnalité antérieure. Car l’angoisse, comme la douleur, est une expérience communément partagée, elle fait partie de la condition humaine. C’est bien un symptôme psychique particulier chez une personne particulière qui est à considérer.
Ce que le délire en fin de vie dit de l’angoisse de mort
Authors: Amar Stéphane
Published: April 2024

Résumé L’état confusionnel peut, selon nous, s’envisager dans une mise en perspective avec l’angoisse de mort. Soit qu’il traduise une tentative régressive de s’y soustraire dans une mise hors champ du système conscient-pré- conscient trop en prise avec la violence de la réalité extérieure, à l’instar de la régression opérée dans le rêve, soit au contraire qu’il signe un débordement du Moi par ladite angoisse.
Quelle place pour la souffrance psychique quand le soin est vital ?
Authors: Halbwachs Marie-Pierre , Hallonet Patrick , Sauvajon Pierre
Published: April 2024

Résumé C’est dans l’écart entre le soin effectif destiné au patient et l’étrangeté de ne pas le trouver là où on l’attend, que se loge fréquemment le malaise dans la relation de soin. Les interrogations d’une équipe concernant toute manifestation de proximité dans la relation de soin sont des exemples quotidiens de la mouvance du cadre. Dès lors, il s’agirait d’éclairer jusqu’à quelle limite le dispositif de soin est en mesure d’endurer et, si possible, de comprendre ce dérangement.
De l’athlète à la nation : vers une nouvelle géopolitique du sport
Authors: Aubin Lukas
Published: April 2024

Que nous dit le sport du monde ? Un méga-événement sportif comme les Jeux olympiques réunit plus de la moitié de l’humanité connectée. Outre cette médiatisation sans équivalent, le mouvement sportif génère environ 2 % du pib mondial annuel : un record. Dans ce contexte, le sport est devenu un instrument de puissance géopolitique. À l’heure de la désoccidentalisation des relations internationales et de l’affirmation d’un monde multipolaire, sommes-nous entrés dans une nouvelle ère de la géopolitique du sport ? Cet article propose de répondre à cette question à travers notamment le concept de « sportocratie » .
La place du traumatisme dans la thérapie familiale : une idée dérangeante, saugrenue ?
Authors: Dellucci Hélène , Philippe Isabelle , Silvestre Michel
Published: April 2024

Notre réflexion cherche à montrer comment la systémique et la psychotraumatologie s’enrichissent mutuellement pour une meilleure prise en charge autant des individus que des systèmes dans lesquels ils évoluent. Nous relevons l’importance primordiale du corps, celle des liens et de l’attachement, la nécessité de contextualiser le trauma, en incluant tant des données sociétales, statistiques, anthropologiques de santé publique qu’une perspective féministe. Nous postulons qu’il faut en même temps penser circularité et linéarité. Nous montrons concrètement comment s’opère une prise en charge psychotraumatique dans une perspective systémique en en clarifiant le vocabulaire et les concepts. Nous nous inscrivons autant dans une optique de détection, de traitement que de prévention.
Handicap à l’adolescence : du traumatisme familial au risque de rupture de filiation
Authors: Griot Marion , Poussin Marjorie
Published: April 2024

Handicap y adolescencia : traumas familiares y riesgo de ruptura filiativaun abrazo  – Sufriendo un trauma, la familia no solamente busca sobrevivir sino también renovarse con el fin de quedarse en un entorno seguro en el cual sus miembros encontraran las impulsiones necesarias a su doble necesidad de afiliación e individuacion. Como puede ocurrir este doble movimiento y como se mantiene en las familias en las cuales la discapacidad de un hijo resulto traumático ? La problemática de la ruptura temporal y mística que puede representar la discapacidad sera examinada a través del caso de Karine, encontrada en una institución especializada para adolescentes sufriendo de deficiencia motriz. Mediante la descripción de este caso clínico y de las contribuciones teóricas de la epistemología sistémica, veremos como pensar las familias que enfrentan la discapacidad y el papel de la institución y de los equipos multidisciplinarios en esas trayectorias atípicas.
Enhancing the Automated Detection of Implantable Collamer Lens Vault Using Generative Adversarial Networks and Synthetic Data on Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Assaf Jad F. , Yazbeck Hady , Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Arbelaez Juan , Bteich Yara , Arbelaez Maria Clara , Abou Mrad Anthony , Awwad Shady T.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the efficacy of incorporating Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and synthetic images in enhancing the performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automated estimation of Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) vault using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods:

This study was a retrospective evaluation using synthetic data and real patient images in a deep learning framework. Synthetic ICL AS-OCT scans were generated using GANs and a secondary image editing algorithm, creating approximately 100,000 synthetic images. These were used alongside real patient scans to train a CNN for estimating ICL vault distance. The model's performance was evaluated using statistical metrics such as mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (
R
2
) for the estimation of ICL vault distance.

Results:

The study analyzed 4,557 AS-OCT B-scans from 138 eyes of 103 patients for training. An independent, retrospectively collected dataset of 2,454 AS-OCT images from 88 eyes of 56 patients, used prospectively for evaluation, served as the test set. When trained solely on real images, the CNN achieved a MAPE of 15.31%, MAE of 44.68 µm, and RMSE of 63.3 µm. However, with the inclusion of GAN-generated and algorithmically edited synthetic images, the performance significantly improved, achieving a MAPE of 8.09%, MAE of 24.83 µm, and RMSE of 32.26 µm. The
R
2
value was +0.98, indicating a strong positive correlation between actual and predicted ICL vault distances (
P
< .01). No statistically significant difference was observed between measured and predicted vault values (
P
= .58).

Conclusions:

The integration of GAN-generated and edited synthetic images substantially enhanced ICL vault estimation, demonstrating the efficacy of GANs and synthetic data in enhancing OCT image analysis accuracy. This model not only shows potential for assisting postoperative ICL evaluations, but also for improving OCT automation when data paucity is an issue.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(4):e199–e207.]
Functional Approach to IOL Selection in Eyes With Combined Cataract and Keratoconus With an Option for Refractive Lens Exchange
Authors: Goebel Gunnar J. , Price David A. , Price Marianne O. , Price Francis W.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate spherical intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for cataracts in keratoconic eyes followed by optional refractive toric lens exchange to improve uncorrected visual acuity.

Methods:

This retrospective study evaluated cataract surgery outcomes in keratoconic eyes. Eyes treated with a spherical IOL targeted for -2.00 diopters (D) either achieved acceptable manifest refraction and desired exchange with a toric IOL (Group 1); achieved satisfactory manifest refraction and chose to use spectacles or contact lenses (Group 2); or did not achieve acceptable refraction and used contact lenses (Group 3). Group 4 had single-stage toric IOL implantation with plano target. Corrected and uncorrected distance visual acuity (CDVA and UDVA) and keratometry were analyzed.

Results:

Groups 1 to 4 had 18, 23, 18, and 26 eyes, respectively. A staged toric exchange resulted in significantly better (
P
= .02) UDVA (mean: 0.15 logMAR; 20/25 Snellen) than initial toric IOL implantation (0.24 logMAR; 20/30 Snellen). All toric IOL exchange eyes achieved 20/30 or better CDVA and 94% had 20/40 or better UDVA. Mean manifest cylinder significantly decreased from 3.39 D before lens exchange to 1.10 D postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Initial implantation of a spherical IOL in keratoconic eyes allows basing toric calculations on the manifest refraction, which may be more reliable than keratometry measurements in keratoconic eyes. UDVA after staged toric IOL exchange was significantly better than after initial toric IOL implantation. Importantly, by staging use of toric lenses, the authors avoided cases where patients required a rigid contact lens after a toric IOL was implanted.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(4):e207–e217.]
Effects of Topical 0.05% Cyclosporine A on Dry Eye Symptoms and Parameters Following Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Zhu Xiaofeng , Li Shanshan , Wang Min , Yao Wenbo , Huang Xinhui , Zhao Liquan
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of topical 0.05% cyclosporine A on Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and ocular surface parameters after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia.

Methods:

In this study, 151 patients who underwent SMILE were randomized into the control group (71 eyes) and the 0.05% cyclosporine A group (80 eyes). Both groups received standard treatment during the 1 month after SMILE. Over the next 3 months, The control group continued standard therapy (0.3% sodium hyaluronate) and the 0.05% cyclosporine A group received additional 0.05% cyclosporine A. OSDI total and subscale scores, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), tear lipid layer thickness (LLT), and tear meniscus height (TMH) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:

Compared to baseline, the OSDI scores significantly increased in both groups (
P
< .001). The 0.05% cyclosporine A group exhibited lower OSDI total scores after administering 0.05% cyclosporine A versus the control group (
P
= .026). At 1 month of follow-up, NIBUT, LLT, and TMH values significantly decreased in both groups compared to baseline (
P
< .05). The 0.05% cyclosporine A group exhibited higher NIBUT, LLT, and TMH versus the control group, returning to preoperative values after 2 months. Overall, the OSDI total score and NIBUT values during follow-up were not significantly different between the two groups; however, the LLT and TMH values were significantly different between the two groups (
P
< .001 and .041, respectively) by repeated measures analysis of variance.

Conclusions:

Topical 0.05% cyclosporine A was effective in relieving subjective dry eye symptoms and maintaining ocular surface stability in the early postoperative period of SMILE.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(4):e229–e238.]
Solution approximation of fractional boundary value problems and convergence analysis using AA-iterative scheme
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Ciobanescu Cristian , Asghar Muhammad Waseem , Omame Andrew
Published: April 2024

Addressing the boundary value problems of fractional-order differential equations hold significant importance due to their applications in various fields. The aim of this paper was to approximate solutions for a class of boundary value problems involving Caputo fractional-order differential equations employing the AA-iterative scheme. Moreover, the stability and data dependence results of the iterative scheme were given for a certain class of mappings. Finally, a numerical experiment was illustrated to support the results presented herein. The results presented in this paper extend and unify some well-known comparable results in the existing literature.
Stability results of a swelling porous-elastic system with two nonlinear variable exponent damping
Authors: Soufyane Abdelaziz , Al-Mahdi Adel M. , Al-Gharabli Mohammad M. , Kissami Imad , Zahri Mostafa
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a swelling soil system with two nonlinear dampings of variable exponent-type is considered. The stability analysis of this system is investigated and it is proved that the system is stable under a natural condition on the parameters of the system and the variable exponents. It is noticed that one variable damping is enough to achieve polynomial and exponential decay and the decay is not necessarily improved if the system has two variable dampings.
Africa's Contributions to Digital Technology
Authors: Musembi Patrick Makau
Published: April 2024

Historical literature shows that Africa is the cradle of mankind and has the world's oldest record of science and human technological achievements. The oldest stone tools in the world have been recorded in Eastern Africa, and later evidence for tool of technological production by humans' hominin ancestors was recorded in West, Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa. For example, some of the earliest inventions and African technology include hand axes, fishing hooks, bows and arrows, and even boats. Many of the African inventions in history pre-date the use of the written word by tens of thousands of years. These earliest technological advancements became the basis and foundations of the digital technologies the world experiences today.
Software Engineering Approach for Designing Apparel Business Data Analytics
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: April 2024

Apparel products are essential for any society, and its business operations are extensively competitive. The ability to optimize serving business processes while satisfying customer expectations has never been more critical than in today's globalized business world. Therefore, managing and channeling business operational data to work towards customer delight and generate healthy profits is essential to survive prosperously. Practitioners are highlighting the benefits of retail data analytics that are now being applied at every stage of the business process - tracking emerging popular products, forecasting sales, and future demand through predictive intelligence by using intelligent techniques. The chapter focuses on big data analytics software systems, their testing, and quality assurance-related issues in Hadoop, an open-source framework. It discusses challenges concerning massively parallel data generation from multiple sources, data characterization, software application quality factors, and some software testing mechanisms.
Transforming Medical Tourism Through an Integrated Business Intelligence Platform
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman Md. , Era Rabita Rahman , Awal Saira Binte , Sultana Israt , Thimmaiah Arjun , Sharma Amit Kumar , Sharma Jitendra
Published: April 2024

Medical tourism has evolved significantly, leveraging data-driven insights in its core operations. This chapter explores the impact of analytics, AI, and big data on patient care, destination selection, and industry dynamics. Personalized patient care is enhanced through data integration, tailoring services to individual needs, improving overall experiences, and treatment outcomes. This focuses on destination selection and industry competitiveness, data-driven decisions on treatment outcomes, cost-effectiveness, quality improvement, and patient satisfaction. The healthcare industry's holistic impact can be examined through data-driven acumens evolving business models, regulatory frameworks, and strategic alliances. Emphasizing the pivotal role of global medical tourism sector in delivering more patient-centric, efficient, and competitive medical tourism industry, showcasing its potential for positive global impacts on healthcare accessibility and quality. Valuable insights are offered for policymakers, healthcare providers, and industry stakeholders navigating the evolving landscape.
The Development of ChatGPT and Its Implications for the Future of Customer Service in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Talukder Mohammad Badruddoza , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2024

This chapter summarizes the function that artificial intelligence, especially ChatGPT, plays in providing help to customers in the hotel business. Implementing AI-driven solutions radically altered how hotels and other businesses in the hospitality industry communicated with their customers. Chatbots driven by AI models such as ChatGPT were used to address regular inquiries in hotel services. These chatbots helped around the clock, individualized recommendations, and supported several languages to communicate with the hotel customers. Integration with previously installed hotel management systems and ongoing development in response to patrons' comments were standard operating procedures in hospitality. However, it was noted that to deliver unique experiences for hotel guests, it was still necessary to strike a balance between AI and human interaction. The information presented in this chapter implies that artificial intelligence will play an increasingly important role in customer service within the hotel industry; nonetheless, human interaction will always be indispensable.
Challenges of the Digital Transformation
Authors: Gomes Jorge Vareda , Romão Mário Batista
Published: April 2024

At a global level, governments are implementing transformation projects and initiatives to respond to a changing society and as part of a drive for efficiency and cost savings. Considering the profile of digital transformation (DT) projects within the context of the Portuguese public administration (PA), the proposal for a framework was developed which contains a set of attributes and criteria to identify the feasibility and adequacy of the projects submitted for evaluation. The study identifies the set of characteristics, critical success factors, challenges, and difficulties of DT projects in this public administration context. A qualitative methodological approach was used, and a single case study strategy was applied. The proposed framework enables a better alignment of strategies, as well as an improved allocation of resources and the consequent improvement of the performance objectives defined by the PA.
Pilgrimage Creative Tourism
Authors: Talukder Mohammad Badruddoza , Kumar Sanjeev , Kaiser Fahmida , Mia Md. Nasir
Published: April 2024

This chapter investigates the possibility that creative tourism based on pilgrimage could serve as a driving force in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Bangladesh. By incorporating artistic components into pilgrimage experiences, this strategy not only improves the cultural and theological importance of the journey but also promotes economic growth, environmental conservation, and the empowerment of communities. The authors shed light on how pilgrimage sites can function as hubs for sustainable tourism development, thereby creating money for local communities, protecting cultural heritage, and fostering environmental stewardship. The authors employ secondary sources to compile the study. They examine techniques for collaboration between government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and local stakeholders to possible socio-economic gains. The results of this research highlight the transformative power of pilgrimage creative tourism in Bangladesh, furthering the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for developing sustainable tourism in the context of the global community.
Santals, Sal, and Forest Policy of Bangladesh
Authors: Roy Parimal Kumar , Wahab Haris Abd , Hamidi Mashitah Binti , Das Pias Kumar
Published: April 2024

This chapter reflects on the Ph.D. journey within the Santals of Bangladesh, followed by an ethnographic method at Birganj in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh formulated diverse forest policies, acts, and rules and either ratified or approved international treaties/documents to preserve, guide, and nurture the forests. However, when the author entered the remote Santals hamlet, they talked about their grief regarding the Sal Forest. Before starting the academic journey, the first author was born and developed in a village where the Indigenous research methodology was embedded informally in his mind as a consciousness part; moreover, as a student spent with Santals neighbours in the agri-field, school, colleges, and even the common playground in the countryside. As a result, it is decorated with field experiences and deals with the “capability approach” while the PhD candidate stayed in the research field for a long time and observed an intricate relationship between Santals and the international legal frameworks to ratify in Bangladesh.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) in Chatbot Design
Authors: Rajendran Rajesh Kanna , Priya T. Mohana , Chitrarasu Karthick
Published: April 2024

The creation and development of chatbots, which are the prevalent manifestations of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies in today's digital world, are built on Natural Language Processing (NLP), which serves as a cornerstone in the process. This chapter investigates the significant part that natural language processing (NLP) plays in determining the development and effectiveness of chatbots, beginning with their beginnings as personal virtual assistants and continuing through their seamless incorporation into messaging platforms and smart home gadgets. The study delves into the technological complexities and emphasizes the problems and improvements in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms and understanding (NLU) systems. These systems are essential in enabling chatbots to grasp context, decode user intent, and provide replies that are contextually appropriate in real time. In spite of the substantial progress that has been made, chatbots continue to struggle with constraints.
Exploring Student Perspectives on Service Learning
Authors: Valarmathi Sharon , Kareem Jacqueline , Tantia Veerta
Published: April 2024

Many students foresee that a service-learning course would help them to participate in the development of the community, addressing its real concerns. On the other hand, students anticipate individual growth in terms of personal, interpersonal, and societal skills. However, service-learning also throws up some concerns and challenges. Thus, it is very important for educational institutions to understand the challenges in the planning and execution phase and reap a positive impact from the service-learning course. A qualitative research technique is adopted and the responses are grouped into themes for better evaluation of the factors. The current research surveyed 290 respondents to understand students' expectations and benefits from service learning. It throws light on the challenges that need attention to harness its benefits. Addressing these issues and expectations would enhance students' engagement and elevate the benefits for all the stakeholders.
Transforming Business Education in India
Authors: Bala Rajni , Harnal Shilpi
Published: April 2024

AI tools in business education are becoming increasingly important as the world becomes more digitized. These resources can assist students in building the analytical, creative, and problem-solving skills necessary for success in the modern workplace. The advantages of using AI-driven educational solutions are numerous. They allow students to not only understand theoretical ideas but also get practical experience with real-world applications. Business schools must recognize the value of AI-driven education which equips students to become tech-savvy, adaptable professionals who are prepared to face the challenges of tomorrow's changing business environment. The study examines the benefits and challenges of incorporating AI tools into the business education curriculum in India. This chapter outlines the various AI tools relevant for business management students. The study sheds light on how different Indian business schools have included AI tools in their curricula. The study is useful for two stakeholders that are business management students and educational institutions.
Reverse Logistics Analysis
Authors: Venugopal Koppala
Published: April 2024

Logistics strategies involve practices backed up with certain strategies that can yield substantial growth in revenue and ecological preservation. Despite this potential, many small business units overlook the significance of reverse logistics, warranting further investigation. The research carried out by the authors assesses reverse logistics' impact on the enhancement of environmental and quality conditions of the small plants with a specific focus on the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh. Data collection involved both primary and secondary sources, targeting manufacturing sectors within the district through random sampling. Analysis comprised descriptive statistics to elucidate various aspects of reverse logistics, followed by ML applications with confusion matrix, ROC, PCA, and correlation, as well as the inferential statistics such as factor and regression analysis to identify significant variables with its impact. By exploring the untapped potential of reverse logistics, this study underscores its role in driving revenue growth and environmental sustainability.
A Literature Review of Marketing Intelligence and Its Theoretical Implication for Leveraging Business
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos
Published: April 2024

Marketing intelligence, or market intelligence, refers to gathering and analyzing information about the market, customers, competitors, and other relevant factors to make informed business decisions. Market intelligence helps businesses spot emerging trends, untapped markets, and potential business opportunities. When considering expansion into new geographic areas or market segments, marketing intelligence can provide valuable information about the potential demand, competition, and market conditions. This data helps businesses make informed decisions and reduce risks associated with expansion. Marketing intelligence provides valuable insights that inform long-term strategic planning. Businesses can develop data-driven strategies that align with market trends and customer demands, ensuring sustainable growth and profitability. Based on the above, it is intended to systematically review the bibliometric literature on how marketing intelligence can leverage business using the Scopus database by analyzing 96 academic and/or scientific documents.
AI Integration in E-Commerce Wishlists
Authors: Behare Nitesh , Behare Shubhada Nitesh , Waghulkar Shrikant
Published: April 2024

This chapter delves into the captivating intersection of AI and wishlists, exploring how e-commerce undergoes a transformative shift with innovative strategies and enhanced consumer experiences. A critical examination of existing literature unveils a multifaceted relationship between AI and wishlists, presenting a myriad of opportunities that redefine their function and shape consumer behavior. From personalized recommendations to predictive analytics, this chapter illuminates the profound impact AI integration has on consumer satisfaction and engagement. It also addresses challenges, emphasizing issues like data privacy and security. Serving as a comprehensive guide, this chapter navigates the intricate terrain of AI-infused wishlists, providing insights to revolutionize the e-commerce industry. By ensuring a robust, personalized, and secure shopping experience, the integration of AI in wishlists emerges as a pivotal force in reshaping consumer interactions.
Sustainable Agriculture With Special Emphasis on Risk Management
Authors: Kumbhar Vidya , Kumari Sneha , Kumar Pratyush , Parihar Kailash , Pillai Samaya Venkatesh
Published: April 2024

In India, agriculture is a source of employment to more than 50% of the population. Despite major strengths such as geographical location, diverse agro-climatic conditions, variety of soils, and agro-ecological congeniality, Indian farmers face diverse types of risks. Climate change is one the major risks confronting Indian farmers. Variations in climatic parameters such as rainfall, temperature, humidity, etc. result in a decrease in soil moisture and reduction in soil fertility. This has adversely affected crop productivity. History reflects that unpredictable climate change has affected the standard of living of Indian farmers. This gives rise to a strong need to study the risk management techniques of the Indian farmers. The chapter explores the diverse risks faced by Indian farmers and the risk management strategies adopted by them. The purpose of the research is to examine the different hazards that farmers encounter as well as risk management techniques. Primary data has been collected from 192 farmers in Maharashtra. Purposive sampling technique was used for collecting responses from the farmers. And an open-ended interview has also been conducted for another 30 farmers. The data was analysed using QDA miner software. The research shows how farmers deal with hazards using various ways and strategies. It can be advanced by looking into cutting-edge risk management strategies as well as potential enablers and obstacles associated with it.
Empowering Smallholder Farmers Through Community-Based Marketing Initiatives in Promoting Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Kaponda Tendai , Chiwaridzo Option Takunda
Published: April 2024

This review paints a nuanced picture of community-based marketing initiatives (CBMIs) in Zimbabwe, Malawi, and South Africa, highlighting their potential to empower smallholder farmers and contribute to sustainable agriculture. Diverse organisational structures, from centralised models offering efficiency to decentralised ones fostering ownership, provide pathways to market access, fair prices, and reduced dependence on intermediaries. Initiatives like Mbare Musika Market, Blantyre Farmers Market, and Farm in the Veld exemplify this potential, connecting farmers directly to consumers and promoting sustainable practices. Beyond economics, CBMIs foster knowledge sharing, community engagement, and a sense of ownership. This collaborative spirit empowers not just individuals but entire communities. However, challenges like fluctuating demand and regulatory hurdles persist. The road ahead requires continued research, investment, and support, but the potential rewards—thriving farmers, resilient communities, and a flourishing food system—make it a pursuit worth striving for.
CSR Goals and Managing Public Institutes in the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Tičar Bojan
Published: April 2024

Thema probandi of this chapter is how some necessary social-human rights are provided thru management decisions in the public institutes. Although the term CSR focuses primarily on the corporations, in this research, the authors believe that in a broad sense CSR also covers other similar organizations than only business corporations. Public institutes do not have a legal form of profit organizations (i.e., corporations or companies). Those are organizations as schools (primary schools., grammar schools, high schools), graduate and postgraduate institutes (public universities), public hospitals (general hospitals and clinical centres), research institutes, nursery or elderly homes, museums, theatres, public radio, and television, mandatory health insurance public institute and mandatory retirement insurance public institute. A lot of human rights are covered as social services provided by public institutes. The concept of bridging human rights in CSR emphasizes that public institutes must contribute positively to society.
Adoption of Blockchain in Critical Minerals Supply Chain Risk Management
Authors: Kudrenko Ivan
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of digital transformation, digital awareness, and supply chain risk management (SCRM) on the intention to employ blockchain technology in the US critical minerals industry. It examines the influence of digital transformation on supply chain resiliency and the adoption of blockchain by analyzing responses from 122 managers and professionals through structural equation modeling and partial least squares approaches. SCRM, perceived usefulness, and usability shape the intention to use blockchain, while digital transformation enhances supply chain resiliency. This research contributes to the existing literature by confirming the relevance of the technology acceptance model in blockchain adoption and by highlighting the importance of digital transformation in supply chain resiliency. Practically, it offers valuable insights for managers, emphasizing the role of SCRM in recognizing blockchain's benefits, the need for digital literacy and transformation to facilitate blockchain adoption, and the potential of blockchain to enhance supply chain operations.
Management Analysis Method of Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection in Financial Risk Assessment
Authors: Zhang Yongshan , Jiang Zhiyun , Peng Cong , Zhu Xiumei , Wang Gang
Published: April 2024

The significance of financial risk lies in its impact on economic stability and individual/institutional financial security. Effective risk management is crucial for market confidence and crisis prevention. Current methods for multivariate time series anomaly detection have limitations in adaptability and generalization. To address this, we propose an innovative approach integrating contrastive learning and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). We use geometric distribution masking for data augmentation to enhance dataset diversity. Within the GAN framework, we train a Transformer-based autoencoder to capture normal point distributions. We include contrastive loss in the discriminator to ensure robust generalization. Rigorous experiments on four real-world datasets show that our method effectively mitigates overfitting and outperforms state-of-the-art approaches. This enhances anomaly identification in risk management, paving the way for deep learning in finance, and offering insights for future research and practical use.
Noma Masquerading as Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A Case Report in an AIDS Patient
Authors: Kumar R. Mahesh , Marimallappa T. R. , Sreelakshmi M. S. , Kumar K. R. Ashok , Kumar B. Jambukeshwar , Supriyo Pal
Published: April 2024

Rationale:

Cancrum oris, also known as noma, is a rare and rapidly progressing gangrenous infection affecting the oral cavity, commonly seen in malnourished children. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic dilemma and management in a 54-year-old male human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient with oral ulceration clinically resembling squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Patient Concerns:

The patient had severe oral ulceration with pain and difficulty eating food.

Diagnosis:

Histopathological examination was misleading as it revealed features akin to early invasion of SCC. Immunohistochemistry findings were not in favour of SCC.

Treatment:

Antiretroviral therapy was started owing to the decreased CD4 cell count.

Outcomes:

Lesions began to show signs of healing on follow-up.

Take-Away Lessons:

This case aims to highlight the unique challenges of diagnosing and emphasises the importance of considering opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients presenting with oral ulcerations to prevent misdiagnosis and maltreatment.