bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Drought Tolerant Rice Breeding Lines of an Elite Indian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety Improved White Ponni through Molecular Breeding
Authors: Prisca Seeli F. D. , Manonmani S. , Raveendran M. , Jeyakumar P. , Pushpam R.
Published: January 2022

Changes in climatic conditions especially unpredictable drought occurrences are challenging for food security. The present investigation was carried out to improve the grain yield in Improved White Ponni (IWP) rice under reproductive stage drought stress. This variety is well known for its grain quality. Physiological changes, grain yield and related traits under drought were evaluated in the advanced breeding lines of Improved White Ponni X Apo containing qDTY 3.1. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Rice, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural university, Coimbatore during 2020. Two superior backcross inbred lines of IWP X Apo, donor parent and recipient parent were raised under water stress in rain out shelter as well as in well irrigated conditions in replications. Soil moisture content was reduced to 12.7% in drought field showing the stress severity. Physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content and relative water content, Yield and related traits such as days to fifty percent flowering, productive tillers, spikelet fertility, grain yield and grain weight were recorded in the BILs and parents during flowering stages. Reduction was observed in all these traits under water stress. However, in comparison with IWP (94.6%) which lacks qDTY 3.1, BILs with qDTY 3.1 showed less reduction in grain yield (63%) and other traits. Earliness was also observed in qDTY 3.1 containing BILs under drought stress (BILs - 106 days, IWP-117 days) and controlled conditions (BILs- 83 days, IWP-107 days) when compared to IWP. Grain quality estimates in the BILs showed similarity to IWP. These BILs need to be evaluated further for confirmation of drought tolerance and they are effective resources for utilisation in drought breeding programmes.
Microbial Profile and Detection of Bio-catalytic Enzymes from Bacterial Derivatives in Selected Agrowastes
Authors: Adenikinju Gladys Oluwafisayo , Arotupin Daniel Juwon , Olusayo Awojobi Kehinde
Published: January 2022

The bio-catalytic enzyme potential of microbial consortium in selected agrowastes was evaluated in this study. Bio-wastes possess renewable resources of biomass and represents potentially-valuable sources due to their low cost, environmental friendly and sustainable nature. The isolation, enumeration and biochemistry of bacteria and fungi from agrowastes were conducted via standard microbiological techniques. Screening of agrowaste substrates for enzyme synthesis was conducted via plate assay method. Potato peels had the highest bacterial count of 3.85×104 CFU/ml as maize husk had the highest fungal load of 6.55×104 SFU/ml while wheat shaft had the lowest fungal load of 1.5×104 SFU/ml. Acinetobacter baumanii, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium were among bacterial consortium significantly enumerated. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutins, Candida albicans and Geotrichum candidum were yeasts characterized from the fermented agrowastes while Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, A. flavus constitute some of the mould consortium enumerated. Amylase and cellulase content of the agrowaste substrates increased after fermentation while protease and pectinase content of all the agrowastes remained unchanged after the fermentation process. Acinetobacter baumanii, Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium, B. subtilis and G. candidum were positive for amylase, protease, cellulase and pectinase production. Penicillium chrysogenum and Microsporum canis were negative for the enzyme production. The findings of this study demonstrated the enzymatic-production potential of Bacillus species associated with agrowastes because they exhibited higher enzyme production.
Impact of Physician and Patient Education on Type 2 Diabetes Outcome in Primary Health Care Units, Al-Gharbiyah Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Kamal Khalil Hadeer Magdy , Esheba Noha Elsayed , Mohammad Wael Farrag , Sayed Ahmed Laila Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to multiple complications that include macrovascular and microvascular complications. Proper management will result in decreased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Physicians and patients’ education on diabetes outcome in primary health care units, Al-Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt.

Methods: The study was carried out on primary health care physicians and their assigned patients in Al-Gharbiyah Governorate from October 2015 till October 2017. Study was carried-out in 2 phases. Phase 1 (Physician's phase): A sum of forty of primary health care physicians working in primary health care were recruited in the study. Phase 2 (Patient's phase): Those 200 patients were engaged in an educational program for self-management of diabetes using IDF (International Diabetes Federation) education maps.

Results: Knowledge and attitude of physicians were significantly higher after completion of educational program than Baseline. The mean Body mass index (BMI), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)and Glycated HaemoglobinHbA1cafter 1 year and after 6 months were significantly lower than before and after 1 year than after 6 months. The number of patients who have exercised activities after 1 year and after 6 months were significantly higher than before and after 1 year than after 6 months.

Conclusions: The educational program applied in this study led to significant improvement of physician’s knowledge and attitude which helps in providing better care of diabetic patients. The educational program applied in this study led to significant improvement of diabetic patients’ lifestyle and outcome, which will subsequently lead to reduction in diabetic complications.
Comparison of the Immunoglobulin Levels in Maternal and Cord Blood and Influence of Parity on Maternal Immunoglobulin Concentration in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ojeka S. O. , Zabbey V. Z.
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study was carried out to compare the immunoglobulin levels in maternal and cord blood and to find out if parity has any effect on the immunoglobulin concentration of the maternal blood.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, between June 2018 and September 2019.

Methodology: A total of 25 paired maternal and cord serum was used for the study. About 5ml of venous blood was collected from mothers immediately after delivery and cord blood was also collected after the cord has been cut and the clamp released slightly to allow blood flow into a plain bottle. The serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were measured using Turbidimetric immunoassay method. 

Results: The mean IgA, IgM and IgG levels in maternal blood were 163.20 ± 13.35mg/dl, 88.16 ± 7.74 mg/dl and 351.60 ± 36.83 mg/dl respectively while their corresponding levels in the cord blood were 12.00±1.00mg/dl, 19.36 ± 1.67 and 300.60 ± 27.83 mg/dl respectively. The version 20.0 of the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel 2012 for the statistical analysis were employed for analyzing the various sets of data.

The Mean, standard errors of mean and ranges were determined for the different parameters for the two groups of subjects. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the variations between the subjects. The P-value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant. The IgA and IgM showed significant variation in maternal and cord blood (P<0.05) while IgG showed no significant variation (P>0.05). Also, parity had no significant correlation with immunoglobulin concentration (P>0.05).

Conclusion: IgA and IgM concentrations were found to be significantly higher in maternal blood than in the cord blood, IgG showed no significant variation. There is a significant variation.
Overview of Opportunities and Challenges of Solar Photovoltaic Promotion in Uganda
Authors: Alinda Kassim , S. Geoffrey Mutumba , S. Adaramola Muyiwa
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges of solar photovoltaic (PV) promotion in Uganda. The study followed a review approach of relevant scientific, technical and government papers. The review indicated that, for Uganda, rising energy demand and access, need to reduce carbon footprint, lack of grid extension to rural communities, and improved livelihoods by productive uses of solar PV systems, emerge as key drivers for solar energy uses in this country. However, the study found that high initial investment cost, inadequate research and development, lack of human capacity and training, lack of information and public awareness, and quality control of products are the main challenges facing mass adoption of this technology. Furthermore, this study fosters the understanding of solar energy uses and provides policy recommendations that could mitigate these challenges, in a least developed country  Uganda.
Case Report on Sacro-Coccygeal Teratoma in 5 Year Old Girl: A Case Report of Late Presentation
Authors: Rewatkar Priyanka , Shambharkar Madhuri
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The Sacro-coccygeal teratoma is rare tumour that appears near the distal end of the tailbone in new-borns (coccyx). It's the most common congenital tumour, and it can appear at any time throughout pregnancy. It occurs in about 1/35000 to 1/40000 of all live births. Female new-borns are more likely to have this birth defect than male ones. Sacro-coccygeal teratoma can cause critical disturbance in defecation function of infant although this disease is extremely rare benign tumour. Appropriate early recognition can prevent progression to this devastating outcome. In this case report, we present a Sacro-coccygeal teratoma originating from gluteal region. The case is used to highlight important nursing management, clinical consideration and how to prevent further complications. We describe a Case of Sacro-coccygeal teratoma in 5 year girl child presenting with increased gluteal swelling of 15 days duration. In addition she had difficulty in passing stool and urine and also difficulty in sitting.
Study on the Plasmid and Genomic DNA Stability of DH5α Host System
Authors: Vengili Laxmisai Dixitha , Sago Phavethra , Kuncha Yaswanth Kumar Reddy , Kolli Venkata Suneela , Varugu Lasya Sri , Mandadapu Sree Lakshmi , Veeravilli Suryanarayana , Vemuri Praveen Kumar
Published: January 2022

Plasmids are extremely valuable as a source of DNA and for use in biotechnology. Our research goal was to develop plasmids with extremely high copy numbers for lab-scale plasmid preparations. Using the beverage method simplifies the process of obtaining a large quantity of plasmid DNA for various applications. Diet Coke as a beverage demonstrated that DNA recovery is highly adequate. Diet Sting with EcoRI and BamHI enzymes was used to detect restriction digestion with high sensitivity. However, for lab-scale preparative work, our findings show that plasmid yield can be significantly increased by using standard growth procedures and commonly used growth media.
Epidemiology and Management of Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , AlOrainy Walid Hajaj , Daghriri Abdullah Mohammed , Alotaibi Khalid Mohammed , Alanazi Afnan Hamdan Owayn , Alkhathlan Husam Abdulaziz , Alsaaedi Raghad Abdullah , Alamoudi Najd Adnan , Talib Faisal Abdulmohsen Bin , Al Ali Muzaynah Abdullah , Alowaidi Mohammed Abdullatif , Alshammari Naif salem H , Mujarribi Laila Mohammed , Almalki Rayan Saad Ahmed , Oraijah Afnan Abdullah Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is characterised by increased serum or plasma bilirubin (unconjugated) levels that exceed the laboratory's reference range. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, is the most common cause of jaundice in newborns. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is caused by bilirubin metabolism dysregulation, which includes increased synthesis, reduced hepatic absorption, and decreased bilirubin conjugation. Gilbert syndrome (type 1 and 2), Crigler-Najjar syndromes (type 1 and 2), and hereditary illnesses producing hemolytic anaemia are all examples of inherited conditions that can cause unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a sporadic condition, Gilbert syndrome is more common yet less dangerous symptom. Using phototherapy and plasmapheresis, the major goal of treatment is to lower the amount of unconjugated bilirubin. Intensive phototherapy is the basis of management of Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1. Combined with plasmapheresis and in some cases liver transplantation may be required.
An Audit on HIV Infection
Authors: Kamble Anmol
Published: January 2022

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which stores its genetic information in single-stranded RNA and which causes AIDS and HIV Infection. In Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome the patient's immune system collapses, and the patient may be prone to infecting bacteria, viruses, and fungi. HIV may be transmitted through body fluids of infected patient body fluids including blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. CD4 Cells, T-cells, and macrophages get infected by the human immunodeficiency virus HIV. This Infection results in low levels of T cells by programmed cell death of T cells which is associated with antimicrobial response during inflammation.

The manifestations of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are due to opportunistic infection caused by other microorganisms naturally managed by person immune systems damaged by HIV infection. The rate of HIV transmission decreases with the condoms; it gives a comparable level of assurance. Human Immunodeficiency Virus transmission can be prevented among health care workers by wearing necessary personal protective equipment. The universal body fluid and blood precautions should be followed for all such invasive procedures. Face shields, gloves, and gowns are meant to be worn whenever performing invasive procedures. Laboratory workers should use safety cabins for handling specimens or doing lab procedures. Mouth pipetting should be avoided, and Automatic pipetting tools should be used. The work surfaces of the Laboratory ought to be cleaned with suitable disinfectant after spilling of sample. If the laboratory machine or devices are ,infected, they should be sterilized or cleaned with Disinfect before to fixing. After finishing laboratory testing or work, the laboratory workers should remove their protective equipment, wash their hands, and leave their protective equipment in the Laboratory.
A Brief Study on Trichomonas Vaginalis
Authors: Vijay R. , Deb Mrinangka
Published: January 2022

In today's modern world women face too many challenges in front of them and in an country like India. There is still old system in which women can’t work. They are kept at home and indulged in household activities and their dreams don’t matter. they are not aware of the changes in their own body due to complete negligence or illiteracy. India is still one of the most illiterate countries in the world and its economy is still very low and beyond advancement.  India is a developing country and nowadays people are starting to get aware about problems of women. Now in today's society women are allowed to work and they are not kept at their household but are given an opportunity as equals. But still there are many places in India which are not aware about problems faced by women and they don’t know how to help them and we have to provide them education about their own healthy bodily practices. Women in the modern and ancient world were affected by many such diseases which causes harm not only to them but also to their young ones if untreated. In the modern culture, now a days a new trend of having multiple sexual partners have become common and therefore, due to unsafe and unprotected sex practices and poor awareness, a lot of diseases has been transmitted worldwide to both genders. Trichomoniasis vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted disease in women caused by a parasite which transmitted during unsafe and unprotected during sexual practices.
The Comparison of Trichoscopic Findings in Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) and Chronic Telogen Effluvium (CTE) in Female Patients
Authors: Jawade Sugat , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarsh Lata , Jawade Swapna
Published: January 2022

Background: Chronic hair loss is a major complaint in middle-aged females. It is sometime difficult to differentiate between female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) in female patients. Trichoscopy is a non-invasive technique that can help to distinguish between FPHL and CTE.

Aims: To compare the trichoscopic findings in female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) in female patients.

Materials and Methods: It is a cross sectional prospective comparative study carried out in the department of dermatology, Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra. Adult female patients with ages ranging from 30 to 60 years old complaining of diffuse hair loss were included in the study. Patients with scarring alopecia were excluded from the study.  Patients were divided into two groups consisting of 20 patients in each group. Group A and B included patients with FPHL and CTE respectively. Trichoscan (SIF hair analysis system) was performed on frontal region of the scalp.

Results: Hair diameter variability was significantly seen in FPHL.  Hair diameter was reduced in FPHL (0.045) as compared to chronic telogen effluvium (0.063) with statistical difference between them. Hair density was significantly reduced in FPHL (32 ± 12.24) as compared to CTE (60.66 ± 18.12). Vellus hair density was significantly more in FPHL (22.4 ± 14.3) as compared to chronic telogen effluvium (7.73 ± 6.71). Single hair unit was more in FPHL (65 ± 17.08) as compared to chronic telogen effluvium. Density of yellow dots is more significantly observed in female pattern hair loss as compared to chronic telogen effluvium.

Conclusion: Trichoscopic features based on hair shaft diameter, hair follicular density, vellus hairs, yellow dots and variability in hair shaft diameter can easily help to distinguish female pattern hair loss from chronic telogen effluvium. This differentiation can help dermatologists to plan better and specific management of hair loss in female patients.
Benign Paroxysmal Postural Vertigo (BPPV): A Review
Authors: Lakhani Arju Fatema B. , Katariya Sakshi K. , Gaurkar Sagar
Published: January 2022

Background: Benign paroxysmal postural vertigo is considered as the most frequent cause of vertigo worldwide because of which various times patient suffers the most dreaded complication which is not just because of vertigo but is due to the loss of balance during activities (such as driving and crossing the road,even while climbing up the stairs) and which is often misdiagnosed as a neurologic condition which further worsen the prognosis. This can be avoided by a simple OPD based manoeuver (series of movements) as a diagnostic procedure in most cases. Once diagnosed another series of movements (manoeuver) can be performed to afford symptomatic relief.

Objective: To create a complete systematic review of the prevalent reason of dizziness  i.e. benign paroxysmal postural vertigo (BPPV) along with its historic background, diagnostic modality (associated with various manoeuvers ). Also, alternative methods of management considering their success rate and prognosis associated with precautions and primary measures (I.e prevention or decrease of risk factors, precautions and even to educate the patient about the disease.

Methodology: This article is reviewed from data taken from various articles found on various search engines like Google Scholars , PubMed , Research Gate along with the data taken from various books on he respective topics. Also,  the data searched from various search engines using the terms like BPPV, Vertigo, VOR, Dix - Hallpike Maneuver, Posterior Semicircular Canal, Superior Semicircular Canal.

Conclusion : BPPV is a simple disorder that can be misdiagnosed if the history is not taken properly or examination is not done correctly, it can severely affect the patients day to day activity and can be a very problematic condition if the attack is precipitated while activities like driving  or  crossing the road, or even climbing,which can lead to dreaded complications. Henceforth it is a great topic of concern to resolve this disease which can be usually resolved by a simple OPD based management and can bring a great difference in the patient’s life for GOOD.
Effect of Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training Device on Inspiratory Muscle Strength in Upper Abdominal Surgery Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Arya Neha , Vardhan Vishnu
Published: January 2022

Background: Surgical care plays a crucial role in the treatment of a wide spectrum of ailments, as well as in the relief of human suffering. Gastrectomy, pancreatectomy, hepatic resection, cholecystectomy, and splenectomy were among the upper abdominal surgeries performed. The maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) is an important metric for assessing the strength of the inspiratory muscles. Respiratory muscle training device increase the capacity for activity, strength, and endurance of respiratory muscles. Pressure Threshold IMT devices are typically spring-loaded handheld devices that is obstructed at various intensities. As a result, the current study aims to show the effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training in patients undergoing Upper Abdominal Surgery. Materials and Methods: On Day 1, maximal inspiratory pressure (PI Max) was measured by a Hand held pressure manometer before intervention. Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training device was administered on Day 1, and continued for one week two sessions per day. Post treatment maximum inspiratory pressure. (PImax) was measured. Each session lasted 15 minutes, including breaks.

Conclusion: The study concluded that Threshold inspiratory muscle training device shows improvement in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure in upper abdominal surgery patient.
A Literature Review on Prevalence and Causes of Childhood Blindness in India
Authors: Gupta Prachi , Kalode Vishal
Published: January 2022

Target of vision 2020- right to sight is to control blindness. Blindness in children affects their psychological and social growth. Various research were done on community and in blind school to know about the prevalence and causes of blindness in children. Total five- community based studies were done for knowing about the prevalence of blindness that also includes two refractive error studies for the children below 16 years of age in India. Result of data collected from blind school showed that blindness in children shifted from corneal causes to whole globe abnormalities.

Blindness in children has different impact in different region based upon the socioeconomic development of that region, primary health care centre present in that region and also the eye care services provided to the people. The strategies to control blindness should be region specific. Solution has to be drafted based on regional challenges, in such a way that it helps to cure the blindness and also help to reduce the chances of blindness in future. Prevention strategies is targeted towards proper and timely immunization, control of Vit A deficiency by providing healthy and balanced diet and to educate people about the outcome of blindness and also providing tertiary level care to treat the causes. No available data is present to know about the causes and incidence of blindness in children. Rehabilitation programme done on community level help to identify the incidence and causes of blindness in children present in India.

In this article we have discussed about childhood blindness, prevalence of childhood blindness, causes of childhood blindness, prevention of childhood blindness, control of childhood blindness, programmes running for childhood blindness. Refractive error such as myopia leads to blindness in children. School going children are at increase risk for developing blindness due to refractive error that is not corrected. Control of blindness in children is very important because a child suffer more years from blindness than adults. Around 1.4 million are affected by childhood blindness globally. Per year approx 500000 children are affected and became blind. The cause that is most common and in fact single for childhood blindness worldwide is vit A deficiency. By the year 2020, WHO has took the initiative to eliminate blindness. Some of the factors that can help are good nutrition to child, taking proper care of mother and child, proper immunization of mother and child, health education etc.
The Association of Anemia with Vitamin D Deficiency among Patients Visiting King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Muath , Alharbi Raed , Aloyuni Saleh , Choudhary Ranjay , Alturaiki Wael , Banawas Saeed , Alshehri Bader , Alaidarous Mohammed A.
Published: January 2022

Aims: To assess the association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia among patients visiting King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: We reviewed the medical records of 120 patients (median age, male 37.44 [±17.86] and female 43.22 [±16.23] years; range 1–96 years) who attended the King Khalid General Hospital laboratory in Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia, between January 2019 and January 2020. The laboratory data included the following parameters: complete blood count (Hb, MCV, MCHC, MCH, Hct, WBC, RBC, and Plt) and vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels.

Results: The chi-squared analysis showed that moderate anemia was highest among the participants who had vitamin D levels >30 ng/ml and less than 20 ng/ml, with a prevalence rate of 5% (n=6) for each category. Mild anemia was prevalent among 4.12% (n=5) of the participants with vitamin D levels <20 ng/ml. Finally, there were significant associations between parameters including age, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, hematocrit, vitamin D, and anemia. In addition, the odds ratio results indicated that mild vitamin D deficiency was associated with the degree of anemia, ranging from mild to moderate (OR=1.63 to 1.92). Moderate vitamin D deficiency was associated with the degree of anemia, ranging from mild to moderate (OR=1.76 to 1.97). The results confirmed a negative association between normal vitamin D values and the degree of anemia.

Conclusion: There is a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and anemia among patients visiting King Khalid General Hospital in Majmaah City, Saudi Arabia.
Review of Role of Telomerase in the Management of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ranjan Anisha , Tidake Pravin
Published: January 2022

Age related macular degeneration is degenerative disorder, which is more prevalent in the Western, developed countries but can become a major threat in India as well. It affects the macula and leads to the senescence of retinal pigment epithelium. Most commonly affected is the central vision as macula is involved in central vision. On Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) reduction in retinal epithelium can be seen along with accumulation of blood in the sub retinal space due to haemorrhage in the wet type of ARMD. It is a multifactorial disease and some of the major risk factors of this disease include sunlight exposure i.e. production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), smoking, blue iris etc. It is more commonly seen in females and in Caucasians. It is of two major types which include the dry type (85%) and the remaining wet type. Wet type is characterised by neovascularisation whereas the dry type shown the presence of drusens and hyperpigmentation of the retina on examination. Clinical features of this disease include gradual loss of vision, but in wet type due to fragile vessels there occurs haemorrhage which can lead to sudden loss of vision. ARMD can be prevented by introduction of telomerase in the treatment line. Telomerases help in increasing the life span of RPE, thereby delaying the senescence of the retinal cells. Other treatment modalities also include the administration of lutein, xeathanthine, various antioxidants and anti-VEGF (vascular endothelium growth factor) medication. All these measures together can help in reducing the number of cases of ARMD and providing a better vision to the older population to increase the quality of life.
A Comprehensive Review on – Acalypha indica Linn.
Authors: Kumar M. Surendra , Bhuvaneshwari S. , Santhoshkumar M. , Arunnesh A. , Ameen M. Mohamed , Sathiyapriya K. , Astalakshmi N.
Published: January 2022

Medicinal plants possess high therapeutic values. It can act as remedies for various human diseases and ailments. Acalypha indica is an herbaceous annual plant which belongs to the family euphorbiaceae. Euphorbiaceae is a large family of flowering plants. The Euphorbiaceae consist of monoecious or dioecious, herbs, shrubs, vines, or trees. Latex is present in some major groups. Acalypha indica commonly called as kuppaimeni. It is mostly found in the backyards of houses and waste places throughout the India. This herb has wide range of therapeutic purposes and have nutritional properties. The plant widely used to treat various diseases like antibacterial, antifungal, acaricidal effects etc. This review article provides an insight into wide-range of information on the phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of this species.
Analysis of Dynamic Efficacy Profile of Corneal Cross-Linking: Role of Oxygen and Rate Constants in Type-I and II Processes
Authors: Lin Jui-Teng , Lee Yi-Ze
Published: January 2022

Purpose: To explore (theoretically) the key parameters and their influence on the time profiles of photosensitizer (riboflavin), free radicals, singlet oxygen, oxygen and the efficacy of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in both type-I and oxygen-mediated type-II mechanisms, specially the role of oxygen and the initiator regeneration.

Study Design: Numerical solutions of the rate equation of CXL.

Place and Duration of Study: New Taipei City, Taiwan, between October, 2021 and November, 2021.

Methodology: Coupled kinetic equations are derived and numerically solved under the quasi-steady state condition for the 2-pathway mechanisms of CXL. The key parameters explored include (bI, V, Q', K, K',Q,P) and their influence on the time profiles of photosensitizer (riboflavin, C), radicals (R), singlet oxygen(S), oxygen (X) and efficacy (E), parameters of (K,K',Q) define the relative strength of type-I and type-II process. The oxygen depletion profile, X(t), and the associated singlet oxygen, S(t), depend on the parameters of V, Q' and the initial value of oxygen. The coupling strength given by (bI) governs almost all profiles, where b is an effective absorption parameter and I is the UV light intensity.

Results: Our numerical method for CXL dynamic profiles demonstrated the following important features: (i) Type-I and type-II co exit in CXL, in the presence of oxygen. However, there is no type-II when oxygen is depleted or in a condition without oxygen. (ii) Type-I with bimolecular termination, the radical R(t) is a function of [K'(bIgC)]0.5, leading to the steady-state efficacy given by a scaling law of 1/(bI)0.5, in contract to that of type-II which is almost independent to the light intensity. (iii) The depletion rate (2 to 5 minutes) of X(t) is much faster than that of C(t) (10 to 20 minutes), (iv) The pure type-II profile, has a transition point from straight line to saturating curve and matches the depletion point of singlet oxygen S(t). (v) Improved CXL efficacy of type-I and type-II may be achieved by external supply of photoinitiator (riboflavin) and oxygen, respectively.
Scalable Growth of Organic Single‐Crystal Films via an Orientation Filter Funnel for High‐Performance Transistors with Excellent Uniformity
Authors: Deng Wei , Lei Hemeng , Zhang Xiujuan , Sheng Fangming , Shi Jialin , Zhang Xiali , Liu Xinyue , Grigorian Souren , Zhang Xiaohong , Jie Jiansheng
Published: January 2022

Organic single‐crystal films (OSCFs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for the development of new‐generation organic single‐crystal electronics. However, crystallization of organic films is normally governed by stochastic nucleation and incoherent growth, posing a formidable challenge to grow large‐sized OSCFs. Here, an “orientation filter funnel” concept is presented for the scalable growth of OSCFs with well‐aligned, singly orientated crystals. By rationally designing solvent wetting/dewetting patterns on the substrate, this approach can produce seed crystals with the same crystallographic orientation and then maintain epitaxial growth of these crystals, enabling the formation of large‐area OSCFs. As a result, this unique concept for crystal growth not only enhances the average mobility of organic film by 4.5‐fold but also improves its uniformity of electrical properties, with a low mobility variable coefficient of 9.8%, the new lowest record among organic devices. The method offers a general and scalable route to produce OSCFs toward real‐word electronic applications.
Global‐Oriented Strategy for Searching Ultrastrength Martensitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Hu Xiaobing , Zhao Jiajun , Li Junjie , Wang Zhijun , Chen Yiming , Wang Jincheng
Published: January 2022

An intelligent alloy design strategy integrating machine learning and adaptive sampling is proposed and successfully applied to an example of martensitic stainless steel. Short iterative experiments prove the feasibility of this strategy in quickly finding new alloys with hardness higher than that of the current best and reasonably augmenting training data to create a high‐confidence prediction model. A credible relationship between the composition and hardness is demonstrated by the proposed model and the most promising candidate in the designed space is identified. In contrast to the traditional approaches, this strategy can meet the goal of global quest as it offers the advantages of flexibility, reliability, and efficiency. The suggested strategy can be extended to guide the experimental design of other materials.
High‐Performance and Reliable White Organic Light‐Emitting Fibers for Truly Wearable Textile Displays
Authors: Hwang Yong Ha , Noh Byeongju , Lee Junwoo , Lee Ho Seung , Park Yongjin , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: January 2022

Light‐emitting fibers have been intensively developed for the realization of textile displays and various lighting applications, as promising free‐form electronics with outstanding interconnectivity. These advances in the fiber displays have been made possible by the successful implementation of the core technologies of conventional displays, including high optoelectronic performance and essential elements, in the fiber form‐factor. However, although white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs), as a fundamental core technology of displays, are essential for realizing full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting, fiber‐based WOLEDs are still challenging due to structural issues and the lack of approaches to implementing WOLEDs on fiber. Herein, the first fiber WOLED is reported, exhibiting high optoelectronic performance and a reliable color index, comparable to those of conventional planar WOLEDs. As key features, it is found that WOLEDs can be successfully introduced on a cylindrical fiber using a dip‐coatable single white‐emission layer based on simulation and optimization of the white spectra. Furthermore, to ensure durability from usage, the fiber WOLED is encapsulated by an Al2O3/elastomer bilayer, showing stable operation under repetitive bending and pressure, and in water. This pioneering work is believed to provide building blocks for realizing complete textile display technologies by complementing the lack of the core technology.
Glass‐Crystallized Luminescence Translucent Ceramics toward High‐Performance Broadband NIR LEDs
Authors: Zheng Guojun , Xiao Wenge , Wu Jianhong , Liu Xiaofeng , Masai Hirokazu , Qiu Jianrong
Published: January 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) are newly emergent broadband light sources for miniaturizing optical systems like spectrometers. However, traditional converters with NIR phosphors encapsulated by organic resins suffer from low external quantum efficiency (EQE), strong thermal quenching as well as low thermal conductivity, thus limiting the device efficiency and output power. Through pressureless crystallization from the designed aluminosilicate glasses, here broadband Near‐infrared (NIR) emitting translucent ceramics are developed with high EQE (59.5%) and excellent thermal stability (<10% intensity loss and negligible variation of emission profile at 150 °C) to serve as all‐inorganic visible‐to‐NIR converters. A high‐performance NIR phosphor‐converted light emitting diodes is further demonstrated with a record NIR photoelectric efficiency (output power) of 21.2% (62.6 mW) at 100 mA and a luminescence saturation threshold up to 184 W cm−2. The results can substantially expand the applications of pc‐LEDs, and may open up new opportunity to design efficient broadband emitting materials.
Microwave Properties of 2D CMOS Compatible Co‐Planar Waveguides Made from Phosphorus Dopant Monolayers in Silicon
Authors: Chapman Gemma , Votsi Haris , Stock Taylor J. Z. , Clowes Steven K. , Curson Neil J. , Aaen Peter H. , Murdin Ben N.
Published: January 2022

Low‐dimensional microwave interconnects have important applications for nanoscale electronics, from complementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) to silicon quantum technologies. Graphene is naturally nanoscale and has already demonstrated attractive electronic properties, however its application to electronics is limited by available fabrication techniques and CMOS incompatibility. Here, the characteristics of transmission lines made from silicon doped with phosphorus are investigated using phosphine monolayer doping. S‐parameter measurements are performed between 4–26 GHz from room temperature down to 4.5 K. At 20 GHz, the measured monolayer transmission line characteristics consist of an attenuation constant of 40 dB mm−1and a characteristic impedance of 600 Ω. The results indicate that Si:P monolayers are a viable candidate for microwave transmission and that they have a.c. properties similar to graphene, with the additional benefit of extremely precise, reliable, stable, and inherently CMOS compatible fabrication.
Significantly Enhanced Power Generation from Extremely Low‐Intensity Magnetic Field via a Clamped‐Clamped Magneto‐Mechano‐Electric Generator
Authors: Chu Zhaoqiang , Sun Zechen , Wang Bo , Song Kaixin , Wang Jiazeng , Gao Junqi , Dong Shuxiang
Published: January 2022

A magneto‐mechano‐electric (MME) generator that can harvest ambient magnetic noise plays a significant role in powering Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks. However, it is still a challenge to capture sufficient energy and continuously drive IoT nodes from extremely low‐intensity magnetic noise below 1 Oe. To circumvent the close dependence of the resonant frequency on the magnetic proof mass in conventional MME generators, a new clamped‐clamped (C‐C) MME generator is proposed, that allows a much heavier magnetic mass to be attached at the beam center. Under weak magnetic fields of 0.48 and 0.96 Oe at 50 Hz, optimized output powers of 370 and 970 μWRMS, respectively are achieved, which shows an enhancement of ≈120% over that of cantilevered MME generators. The underlying mechanics are theoretically revealed by comparing the lumped parameters with a cantilevered MME generator and by calculating their deflection gain. Finally, it is demonstrated that the harvested energy from the proposed C‐C MME generator from a 0.48 Oe magnetic field at 50 Hz is sufficient to continuously drive an IoT sensor without any additional intervals for recharging. It is believed that this work will open new possibilities for designing MME generators suitable for weak field energy harvesting.
Inverse Vulcanization of Norbornenylsilanes: Soluble Polymers with Controllable Molecular Properties via Siloxane Bonds
Authors: Scheiger Johannes M. , Hoffmann Maxi , Falkenstein Patricia , Wang Zhenwu , Rutschmann Mark , Scheiger Valentin W. , Grimm Alexander , Urbschat Klara , Sengpiel Tobias , Matysik Jörg , Wilhelm Manfred , Levkin Pavel A. , Theato Patrick
Published: January 2022

The inverse vulcanization produces high sulfur content polymers from alkenes and elemental sulfur. Control over properties such as the molar mass or the solubility of polymers is not well established, and existing strategies lack predictability or require large variations of the composition. Systematic design principles are sought to allow for a targeted design of materials. Herein, we report on the inverse vulcanization of norbornenylsilanes (NBS), with a different number of hydrolysable groups at the silicon atom. Inverse vulcanization of mixtures of NBS followed by polycondensation yielded soluble high sulfur content copolymers (50 wt % S) with controllable weight average molar mass (MW), polydispersity (Đ), glass transition temperature (TG), or zero‐shear viscosity (η0). Polycondensation was conducted in the melt with HCl as a catalyst, abolishing the need for a solvent. Purification by precipitation afforded polymers with a greatly reduced amount of low molar mass species.
Studies on DNA binding, cleavage, molecular docking, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes ofo‐vanillin and fluorobenzamine Schiff base ligand
Authors: Kavitha Bengi , Sravanthi Maddikayala , Saritha Reddy Pulimamidi
Published: January 2022

The ligand [2‐((2‐fluorophenylimino)methyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol] and its metal complexes [Cr(HL)2] (1), [Fe(HL)2] (2), [Co(HL)2] (3) and [Cu(HL)2] (4) are synthesized. Characterization of the complexes by sophisticated analytical techniques revealed the geometry around central metal ion to be octahedral for1,2and3complexes and complex4with square planar geometry. Kinetic parameters of the complexes were estimated by the Coats–Redfern method, and the complexes were found to be thermally stable. DNA binding affinity of these metal complexes was explored by means of fluorescence, UV–visible and viscosity studies, and the studies suggested intercalative mode.KbandKSVvalues were determined from the absorption and fluorescence studies for the synthesized complexes. Nuclease studies in the presence of H2O2were performed usingpUC19supercoiled DNA. Docking studies were done using human DNA topoisomerase‐I (DNA topo I) receptor protein. Biological studies revealed higher activity for complexes than the ligand, and in vitro antitumour studies showed that complexes3and4possess potential inhibitory efficiency with an IC50of 48.79 ± 0.7 and 39.74 ± 1.6 μg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Argus labs, and geometry optimization is performed. Molecular orbital calculations of the ligand and complexes are computed using the reasonably accurate parametric model PM3 method 16–19.
Catalytic activity of Ru‐N4 doped vacancy fullerenes (Ru‐N4‐C54 and Ru‐N4‐C64) for oxygen reduction and CO oxidation: A density functional theory investigation
Authors: Yang Siwei , Cheng Yaxuan , Liu Huiling , Huang Xuri
Published: January 2022

In this work, the catalytic activity of Ru‐N4 doped fullerenes (Ru‐N4‐C54 and Ru‐N4‐C64) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and CO oxidation reaction (COOR) has been systematically investigated from thermodynamics and kinetics by density functional theory (DFT). For ORR, DFT results display that Ru‐N4‐C54 and Ru‐N4‐C64 have satisfactory catalytic behavior both thermodynamically and kinetically. The relative energy curves show that the entire four‐electron process of the most favorable ORR path on Ru‐N4‐C54 and Ru‐N4‐C64 are exothermic, and the activation energies of the rate‐limiting step are 0.60 and 0.40 eV, respectively, which are lower than the calculated value 0.79 eV for Pt (111). For COOR, DFT results reveal that Ru‐N4‐C64 has better catalytic property both thermodynamically and kinetically. The relative energy curve shows that the entire COOR process of the preferred Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) mechanism on Ru‐N4‐C64 is exothermic, and the activation energy of the rate‐limiting step is 0.93 eV. Therefore, two hopeful ORR catalysts (Ru‐N4‐C54 and Ru‐N4‐C64) with performance comparable to Pt (111) and one promising COOR catalyst (Ru‐N4‐C64) are identified.
Proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine myoblasts using Chlorella vulgaris extract for sustainable production of cultured meat
Authors: Okamoto Yuta , Haraguchi Yuji , Yoshida Azumi , Takahashi Hironobu , Yamanaka Kumiko , Sawamura Naoya , Asahi Toru , Shimizu Tatsuya
Published: January 2022

Recently, cultured meat obtained from livestock‐derived cells is being considered as a sustainable food source that reduces the use of natural resources. This study aimed to show that nutrients extracted from Chlorella vulgaris were beneficial in the culture of primary bovine myoblasts (PBMs), a major cell source for cultured meat production. Nutrients (glucose, amino acids, and vitamins) present in the animal‐cell culture media were effectively recovered from C. vulgaris using acid hydrolysis treatment. On culture in nutrient‐free inorganic salt solution, cell death was induced in most PBMs after 6 days of cultivation. However, the addition of C. vulgaris extract (CVE) significantly improved PBM viability, which was comparable to the viability in conventional culture medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium). Furthermore, by adding horse serum to induce differentiation, the formation of myotubes was confirmed when CVE were used. Together, the results showed that CVE could be used as an alternative to the conventional culture medium for PBMs. These findings will not only lower the environmental risks associated with the establishment of this eco‐friendly cell culture system, but also highlight microalgae as a potent nutrient source that can replace conventional grain‐dependent nutrient sources.
The Apparently Unreactive Substrate Facilitates the Electron Transfer for Dioxygen Activation in Rieske Dioxygenases
Authors: Csizi Katja‐Sophia , Eckert Lina , Brunken Christoph , Hofstetter Thomas B. , Reiher Markus
Published: January 2022

Rieske dioxygenases belong to the non‐heme iron family of oxygenases and catalyze important cis‐dihydroxylation as well as O‐/N‐dealkylation and oxidative cyclization reactions for a wide range of substrates. The lack of substrate coordination at the non‐heme ferrous iron center, however, makes it particularly challenging to delineate the role of the substrate for productive
activation. Here, we studied the role of the substrate in the key elementary reaction leading to
activation from a theoretical perspective by systematically considering (i) the 6‐coordinate to 5‐coordinate conversion of the non‐heme FeII upon abstraction of a water ligand, (ii) binding of
, and (iii) transfer of an electron from the Rieske cluster. We systematically evaluated the spin‐state‐dependent reaction energies and structural effects at the active site for all combinations of the three elementary processes in the presence and absence of substrate using naphthalene dioxygenase as a prototypical Rieske dioxygenase. We find that reaction energies for the generation of a coordination vacancy at the non‐heme Fe
center through thermoneutral H2O reorientation and exothermic
binding prior to Rieske cluster oxidation are largely insensitive to the presence of naphthalene and do not lead to formation of any of the known reactive Fe‐oxygen species. By contrast, the role of the substrate becomes evident after Rieske cluster oxidation and exclusively for the 6‐coordinate non‐heme Fe
sites in that the additional electron is found at the substrate instead of at the iron and oxygen atoms. Our results imply an allosteric control of the substrate on Rieske dioxygenase reactivity to happen prior to changes at the non‐heme Fe
in agreement with a strategy that avoids unproductive
activation.