bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress study in a rectangular membrane fixed along the entire length of one side and in the corners of the opposite side
Authors: Горяйнов В.В. , Кузнецов С.Ф. , Никифорова О.Ю. , Рукин И.Г.
Published: February 2024

Построено точное решение задачи о прогибах прямоугольной мембраны, закрепленной по всей длине одной из ее сторон и на противоположной стороне только в угловых точках. Приводится анализ распределения напряжений в мембране, из которого следует, что изменение формы мембраны с квадратной на прямоугольную приводит к изменению количества точек с max и увеличению значения max.

An exact solution to the problem of deflections of a rectangular membrane fixed along the entire length of one of its sides and on the opposite side only at corner points is constructed. An analysis of the stress distribution in the membrane is presented, from which it follows that changing the shape of the membrane from square to rectangular leads to a change in the number of points with max and an increase in the value of max.
On the question of torsion of the ring sector
Authors: Миронов Б.Г. , Миронов Ю.Б.
Published: February 2024

В настоящей работе исследуются напряженное и деформированное состояния сектора кольца из идеального жесткопластического материала при деформации кручения. В работе [1] исследовано упругое, чисто пластическое и упруго-пластическое распределение напряжений при кручении стержней, основываясь на полубратном методе Сен-Венана. В [2] рассмотрены основные уравнения и граничные условия теории кручения идеально пластических стержней, определены напряженное и деформированное состояния стержней, найдены разрывные решения. Исследовано кручение различных стержней, сектора кругового кольца, стержней переменного сечения из идеального жестко-пластического материала. В [3] определены общие соотношения теории кручения стержней при одном виде анизотропии – трансляционной анизотропии. В работе [4] исследуется диссипативная функция теории трансляционной идеально пластической анизотропии при кручении. [5] посвящена изучению предельного состояния трансляционно анизотропных стержней при деформации кручении. В [6] исследуется кручение изотропного сектора толстостенной трубы. В работе [7], при условии нахождения стержня под действием внешнего давления, решена задача определения компонент деформации в случае кручения.

This work examines the tension and deformed state of a sector of a ring made of ideal rigid plastic material under torsional deformation. In [1], elastic, purely plastic and elastic-plastic distribution of stresses during torsion rods, based on the half-reverse Saint-Venant method. In [2] considered basic equations and boundary conditions of the theory of torsion of ideally plastic rods, the stressed and deformed states of the rods are determined, discontinuous solutions were found. The torsion of various rods, sectors has been studied circular ring, variable cross-section rods from an ideal rigid plastic material. In [4] the general relations of the theory are defined torsion of rods with one type of anisotropy - translational anisotropy. In work [3], the dissipative function of the theory of translational ideal plastic anisotropy in torsion. [5] is devoted to the study limit state of translationally anisotropic rods during deformation torsion. In [7], the torsion of the isotropic sector of a thick-walled pipes. In work [6], provided that the rod is under the influence of an external pressure, the problem of determining the deformation components in the case of torsion is solved.
Experimental measurements of glass transition temperature parameters in a structural element of a glass-metal composite
Authors: Барботько М.А. , Любимова О.Н. , Стрельцов А.А.
Published: February 2024

В работе рассматривается задача экспериментального определения термомеханических свойств композиционных материалов на основе стекло–металлических соединений. Проведено сравнение результатов экспериментальных исследований параметров стеклования для стеклянного сердечника, входящего в состав стекло-металлического соединения (стеклометаллокомпозит) и для материала, из которого выполнен данный сердечник. Особое внимание уделяется изменению линейного размера в интервале стеклования, в котором происходит резкое изменение термомеханических свойств стекла, и их влиянию на напряженнодеформируемое состояние в стекло-металлических соединениях.

The paper considers the problem of experimental determination of thermomechanical properties of composite materials based on glass-metal compounds. The features of glass deformation in the glass transition interval determine their stress-strain state in glass-metal compounds. The paper discusses the results of experimental studies of the glass transition parameters for the glass component in the glass-metal compound (in the form of a glass-metal composite rod) in comparison with the material from which the glass core is made. The effect of conjugate thermal deformation on technological and residual stresses in the glass-metal compound glass material is proved.
influence of mechanical characteristics of a layered composite on the critical value of the J-integral
Authors: Богачева В.Э.
Published: February 2024

Рассматривается упругое деформирование композита в состоянии плоской деформации. Пластина состоит из двух консолей, соединенных адгезионным слоем. Внешняя нагрузка обеспечивает нормальный разрыв слоя. Из общей вариационной постановки с учетом теории Миндлина—Рейсснера получена постановка в дифференциальном виде. Приведено аналитическое решение для диапазона толщин слоя, при которых характеристическое уравнение имеет комплексные корни. Исследуется влияние коэффициентов Пуассона консоли и слоя на распределение напряжений в адгезиве и значение J-интеграла.

The elastic deformation of a composite in a state of plane strain is considered. The plate consists of two consoles connected by an adhesive layer. External load ensures normal rupture of the layer. From the general variational formulation, taking into account the Mindlin—Reissner theory, a differential formulation was obtained. An analytical solution is given for the range of layer thicknesses for which the characteristic equation has complex roots. The influence of the Poisson’s ratios of the cantilever and layer on the stress distribution in the adhesive and the value of the J-integral is investigated.
Mapping Ecosystem Service: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Ibrahim Mosa , Karimi Hazhir , Mustafa Yaseen , Hassan Mohammad
Published: February 2024

The concept of ecosystem service (ES) was originally developed to illustrate the benefits that natural ecosystems generate for society and to raise awareness for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. In recent years, geographical information systems (GIS) have become a powerful tool for mapping (ES) within a landscape, which visualizes spatial and temporal patterns and changes in ecosystems and their services. Mapping (ES) is necessary for the progress of strategies that will guarantee their future supply and to support the policies in a more effective way. The comprehensive literature review was conducted using international databases such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, and Google Scholar. We used key terms including 'mapping','maps’, ‘ES or ecosystem service, ‘ecosystem functions’, ‘landscape functions’, ‘evaluation of ES’, and ‘assessment of services’.  To identify mapping ecosystem services and their challenges and opportunities. In total, 65 research papers were found first, of which 34 were selected for review. The most important challenges are insufficient generation of ES in the context of managed systems, the need to estimate associations among indicators of (ES) incomplete understanding of the nature of associations among services, and the lack of a general numerical outline to address these relations.
Submillimeter-wavelength Polarimetry of IRC+10216
Authors: Andersson B-G. , Karoly Janik , Bastien Pierre , Soam Archana , Coudé Simon , Tahani Mehrnoosh , Gordon Michael S. , Fox-Middleton Sydney
Published: February 2024

We present SCUBA-2/POL-2 850 μm polarimetric observations of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216. Both far-IR (FIR) and optical polarization data indicate grains aligned with their long axis in the radial direction relative to the central star. The 850 μm polarization does not show this simple structure. The 850 μm data are indicative, albeit not conclusive, of a magnetic dipole geometry. Assuming such a simple dipole geometry, the resulting 850 μm polarization geometry is consistent with both Zeeman observations and small-scale structure in the CSE. While there is significant spectral-line polarization contained within the SCUBA-2 850 μm passband for the source, it is unlikely that our broadband polarization results are dominated by line polarization. To explain the required grain alignment, grain mineralogy effects, due to either fossil silicate grains from the earlier oxygen-rich AGB phase of the star or due to the incorporation of ferromagnetic inclusions in the largest grains, may play a role. We argue that the most likely explanation is due to a new alignment mechanism wherein a charged grain, moving relative to the magnetic field, precesses around the induced electric field and therefore aligns with the magnetic field. This mechanism is particularly attractive as the optical, FIR, and submillimeter-wave polarization of the carbon dust can then be explained in a consistent way, differing simply due to the charge state of the grains.
AT2022cmc: A Tidal Disruption Event with a Two-component Jet in a Bondi-profile Circumnuclear Medium
Authors: Zhou Chang , Zhu Zi-Pei , Lei Wei-Hua , Fu Shao-Yu , Xie Wei , Xu Dong
Published: February 2024

A supermassive black hole can launch a relativistic jet when it violently disrupts a star that passes too close. Such jetted tidal disruption events (TDEs) are rare and unique tools to investigate quiescent supermassive black holes, jet physics, and circumnuclear environments at high redshift. The newly discovered TDE AT2022cmc (z ∼ 1.193), providing rich multiband (X-ray, UV, optical, submillimeter, and radio) data, has been interpreted as the fourth on-axis jetted TDE. In this work, we constrain the circumnuclear medium (CNM) density profile with both a closure relation test and detailed forward shock model fit with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach to the multiband (optical, submillimeter, and radio) data of AT2022cmc. We find that the CNM density profile of AT2022cmc is n ∝ R
−k
with k ∼ 1.68, implying a Bondi accretion in history. Furthermore, our model fit result suggests a two-component jet in AT2022cmc, indicating similar jet physics to well-studied jetted TDE Sw J1644+57.
Radio Pulsar B0950+08: Radiation in the Magnetosphere and Sparks above the Surface
Authors: Wang Zhengli , Lu Jiguang , Jiang Jinchen , Cao Shunshun , Lee Kejia , Liang Enwei , Shang Lunhua , Wang Weiyang , Xu Renxin , Zhu Weiwei
Published: February 2024

We observed the nearby radio pulsar B0950+08, which has a 100% duty cycle, using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope. We obtained the polarization profile for its entire rotation, which enabled us to investigate its magnetospheric radiation geometry and the sparking pattern of the polar cap. After we excluded part of the profile in which the linear polarization factor is low (≲30%) and potentially contaminated by jumps in position angle, the rest of the swing in polarization position angle fits a classical rotating vector model (RVM) well. The best-fit RVM indicates that the inclination angle, α, and the impact angle, β, of this pulsar, are 100.°5 and −33.°2, respectively, suggesting that the radio emission comes from two poles. We find that, in such RVM geometry, either the annular vacuum gap model or the core vacuum gap model would require that the radio emissions come from a high-altitude magnetosphere with heights from ∼0.25 R
LC to ∼0.56 R
LC, with R
LC being the light cylinder radius. Both the main and interpulses’ sparking points are located away from the magnetic pole, which could relate to the physical conditions on the pulsar surface.
Reconstruction of Electron Vortex in Space Plasmas
Authors: Yu L. , Huang S. Y. , Fu H. S. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Xiong Q. Y. , Lin R. T.
Published: February 2024

Space plasmas are turbulent and maintain different types of critical points or flow nulls. Electron vortex, as one type of flow null structure, is crucial in the energy cascade in turbulent plasmas. However, due to the limited time resolution of the spacecraft observations, one can never analyze the three-dimensional properties of the electron vortex. In the present study, with the advancement of the FOTE-V method and the unprecedented high-resolution measurements from four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, we successfully identify the electron vortex and then reconstruct its three-dimensional topology of the surrounding electron flow field. The results of the reconstruction show that the configuration of the electron vortex is elliptical. Comparison between the observation and reconstruction scales of the vortex indicates the reliable reconstruction of the flow velocity. Our study sheds light on the understanding of the topology and property of the electron vortex and its relationship with kinetic-scale magnetic holes.
A Theory for Neutron Star and Black Hole Kicks and Induced Spins
Authors: Burrows Adam , Wang Tianshu , Vartanyan David , Coleman Matthew S. B.
Published: February 2024

Using 20 long-term 3D core-collapse supernova simulations, we find that lower compactness progenitors that explode quasi-spherically due to the short delay to explosion experience smaller neutron star recoil kicks in the ∼100−200 km s−1 range, while higher compactness progenitors that explode later and more aspherically leave neutron stars with kicks in the ∼300−1000 km s−1 range. In addition, we find that these two classes are correlated with the gravitational mass of the neutron star. This correlation suggests that the survival of binary neutron star systems may in part be due to their lower kick speeds. We also find a correlation between the kick and both the mass dipole of the ejecta and the explosion energy. Furthermore, one channel of black hole birth leaves masses of ∼10 M
⊙, is not accompanied by a neutrino-driven explosion, and experiences small kicks. A second channel is through a vigorous explosion that leaves behind a black hole with a mass of ∼3.0 M
⊙ kicked to high speeds. We find that the induced spins of nascent neutron stars range from seconds to ∼10 ms, but do not yet see a significant spin/kick correlation for pulsars. We suggest that if an initial spin biases the explosion direction, a spin/kick correlation would be a common byproduct of the neutrino mechanism of core-collapse supernovae. Finally, the induced spin in explosive black hole formation is likely large and in the collapsar range. This new 3D model suite provides a greatly expanded perspective and appears to explain some observed pulsar properties by default.
How to classify forests? A case study from Central Europe
Authors: Willner Wolfgang
Published: February 2024

Aims: Inconsistent treatment of the vegetation layers is one of the main problems in the floristic classification of forests. In this study I investigate whether a classification based solely on woody species leads to units similar to the Braun-Blanquet system or to something completely different. Study area: Austria (Central Europe) and adjacent regions. Methods: 23,681 forest relevés from the Austrian Vegetation Database were classified using TWINSPAN. Spruce and pine plantations and stands with a cover of non-native woody species > 5% were excluded from the dataset. Only native tree and shrub species were used in the classification while herbs, dwarf shrubs, cryptogams and all records of woody species in the herb layer were omitted. Results: The TWINSPAN classification revealed elevation (i.e., climate) as the main floristic gradient in the data set. Within lowland communities, soil moisture was the dominant factor. The higher units of the Braun-Blanquet system were mostly well reproduced. Conclusions: The higher levels of the phytosociological forest classification (class, order, partly also alliance) can basically be defined by taking only the shrub and tree layer into account. However, all past and current classifications suffer from arbitrary exceptions to this rule. This leads to many inconsistencies and blurs the main biogeographical patterns within European forests. Here I argue that using the tree and shrub species for defining the higher levels and the understorey species for defining the lower ones is best suited to meet the properties that users would expect from a good forest classification.

Taxonomic reference: Fischer et al. (2008).

Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016) if not stated otherwise.

Abbreviations: EVC = EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 2016).
Two new species of the order Monhysterida (Nematoda) from the sea of China
Authors: Li Ting , Huang Yong , Huang Mian
Published: February 2024

Two new marine nematode species belonging to the order Monhysterida are described from the sea of China. Halomonhystera zhangisp. nov. is characterized by its relatively small body size; short anterior sensory setae; small, circular amphidial fovea located at the level of buccal cavity base; funnel-shaped buccal cavity; an excretory-secretory system with a large ventral gland and opening as a very narrow canal just posterior to the level of cephalic setae; slightly curved slender spicules with cephalated proximal end and tapered distal end; rod-like gubernaculum without apophysis; two papilliform precloacal supplements just in front of the cloaca; conico-cylindrical tail with two ventral papillae, each with a seta; and distance between the vulva and anus slightly longer than the tail length. This is the first new species of epiphytic nematode reported in China. The second new species, Stylotheristus flagellicaudatussp. nov., has a relatively shorter body and longer tail; striated cuticle; The anterior sensilla arranged in two circles, the first circle consisting of six inner labial setiform papillae (3–4 µm) and the second circle consisting of 16 long setae (12–19 µm); a transversely oval amphideal fovea; a well-developed muscle around the funnel-shaped buccal cavity; short spicules and a gubernaculum composed of a single piece; and precloacal supplements absent. An updated key to all species of Halomonhystera and pictorial key to all species of Stylotheristus are also given.
Sophie ou les balbutiements de la naissance d’une vie psychique
Authors: Detry Laurette
Published: February 2024

À travers les vicissitudes du début de vie mouvementée de Sophie, nous allons brièvement cheminer pendant les trois premières années de son existence à travers des observations cliniques liant vie quotidienne et soin psychique et le travail d’accompagnement d’une assistante familiale engagée. Le repérage des signes de souffrances psychiques d’un nourrisson est complexe. Cela nécessite un mode de traitement spécialisé qui tient compte d’un contexte de discontinuités majeures des soins essentiels ainsi que du niveau de maturation de l’enfant. Dans un premier temps, leur expression passe inaperçue par la difficulté à percevoir les réactions de détresse exprimées ou banalisées avec un tableau psychopathologique toujours variable.
« Il est quelle heure ? » Quand sonne l’heure du retour, entre perte de boussole et perte d’objet d’investissement
Authors: Descamp Lisa , Ropars Céline
Published: February 2024

Le placement d’un enfant à la naissance implique chez le tout-petit sa construction psychocorporelle dans l’intersubjectivité d’un premier lien suffisamment stable avec un autre adulte que ses parents. Parallèlement, son lien naissant à ses parents s’établit au plus près du possible de chacun d’eux. Lorsqu’une dysrythmie entre le temps de la justice et le temps de l’enfant s’installe dans la perspective d’un retour au domicile des parents, quels sont les effets psychocorporels chez le tout-petit. À quel point l’internalisation des premiers objets permet par la suite d’investir une figure d’attachement familiale de meilleure qualité ? Nous verrons comment Tom, cet enfant à « deux mères », s’est organisé dans sa construction subjective, lorsque le temps de l’introjection lui a manqué.
Du traumatisme de la guerre au traumatisme de la naissance
Authors: Szejer Myriam
Published: February 2024

La guerre, par la violence des situations qu’elle engendre, nous amène à repenser la question du traumatisme fondamental de la naissance qui fut l’objet d’une polémique importante entre Freud et Rank. C’est à la lumière de la clinique psychanalytique du tout-petit pratiquée dès les premiers jours de la vie et des traumatismes des bébés pris dans la tourmente de la guerre en Ukraine que je propose une relecture de ce traumatisme.
La mobilisation du « health belief model modifié » en communication publique peut-elle contribuer au changement de comportement en période de COVID-19 ?
Authors: Mbassi Jean-Claude , Nkene Ndeme Richard
Published: February 2024

Cet article analyse la façon dont la prise en compte de la confiance dans le « Health Belief Model » (HBM) pourrait induire l’adoption des comportements préconisés en matière de santé. Il envisage une application du HBM à la gestion de la pandémie COVID-19 au Cameroun. Les résultats montrent que toutes les relations postulées entre la communication persuasive et les variables du HBM et celles entre ces variables et le comportement de prévention sont vérifiées et que la confiance modère ces relations. L’originalité de cette recherche réside dans la prise en compte des variables rarement intégrées au HBM et de la confiance.
CSE : Des origines et des perspectives hétérogènes
Authors: Join-Lambert Odile , Lerais Frédéric
Published: February 2024

Les CE, qu’ils soient d’entreprises ou d’établissements privés ou publics, sont loin d’être homogènes. Leurs formules de gestion et de financement diffèrent fortement en fonction de la trajectoire suivie par les entreprises, allant du secteur privé au secteur public et nationalisé ou d’administrations à entreprises. Les nouvelles instances centralisées du CSE, issues d’une des ordonnances Travail de 2017, permettent-elles un fonctionnement autre qu’institutionnel et une réflexion collective sur leur mise en œuvre ? L’appropriation et les effets de cette réforme varient-ils selon la trajectoire publique ou privée des entreprises, ou plutôt en fonction d’autres critères comme la taille, le secteur ou encore le type de management ? La France, seul pays d’Europe à avoir intégré au sein des CSE des activités sociales et culturelles, a-t-elle d’autres spécificités, si on compare les modalités de financement et de consultation de ces dernières à celles d’autres pays ? Cet éditorial s’efforce de répondre à ces questions dans une revue de littérature puis dans la présentation des articles composant le numéro. La mise en œuvre de leur réforme s’est faite de manière hétérogène, de la création des CE jusqu’à nos jours. Et plusieurs articles montrent que c’est moins le statut public ou privé de l’entreprise qui compte que les relations entre organisations syndicales et professionnelles, distinctes en fonction du statut, de la taille, du secteur et du pays. Malgré cette hétérogénéité on constate globalement un affaiblissement du pouvoir de représentation des salariés ou des agents. Le numéro offre également des recherches portant sur différentes expériences en Grande-Bretagne, en Allemagne et aux États-Unis.
La création du comité social et économique : la fin brutale d’une expérience complexe
Authors: Freyssinet Jacques
Published: February 2024

Une ordonnance du 22 septembre 2017 fusionne les trois instances élues de représentation du personnel qui coexistaient dans les entreprises. Elles étaient le produit d’une histoire longue et accidentée. Alors que les syndicats y sont fortement attachés, le patronat déclenche, en 2014, une offensive radicale contre leur coexistence à l’occasion d’une négociation interprofessionnelle qui se termine par un échec. Durant cette période, le débat est nourri par la publication de rapports qui, très majoritairement, préconisent des fusions plus ou moins larges. Ces rapports restent longtemps sans suite ou n’inspirent que des réformes de faible ampleur. L’échec de la voie négociée et l’impact réduit des réformes partielles expliquent l’option des pouvoirs publics, en 2017, en faveur d’une solution impérative dans sa nature et brutale dans ses conséquences. Finalement ramenée pour l’essentiel à une « rationalisation », c’est-à-dire à une réduction des obligations et des coûts pour les entreprises et des moyens pour les élus du personnel, la réforme ignore les enjeux essentiels de la dynamique des modes de représentation du personnel dans l’entreprise.
Acteurs, alliances et politiques du comité d’établissement d’une société aéronautique publique (années 1940-années 1970)
Authors: Juilliet Clair
Published: February 2024

Dans l’aéronautique nationalisée, le comité d’établissement (CE) est un espace central des relations professionnelles et constitue l’un des versants les plus visibles de l’action syndicale. En raison d’un budget important notamment, il constitue un enjeu de contrôle pour les acteurs (direction et syndicats) et un espace où s’expriment et se déploient des politiques socio-économiques. Ces dernières peuvent varier en fonction des jeux d’acteurs qui y prennent corps et des contours donnés à la gestion de l’instance. En son sein, l’évolution des rapports entre les syndicats oscille entre concurrences et rivalités, coopérations et recomposition des alliances, etc. qui en colorent la construction tout autant que les activités, des années 1940 aux années 1970. À partir des archives du CE, d’archives syndicales et de l’entreprise, il s’agit dans cet article de comprendre comment les différents acteurs s’emparent de l’institution et d’analyser les politiques qui y sont menées, principalement dans le champ du social. Si le CE a été pensé par le législateur comme un espace de coopération entre les acteurs, il apparaît aussi comme le lieu d’expression de conceptions différentes quant à ses finalités et à ses pratiques, et ce, aussi bien pour la direction que pour ses membres élus.
Une entrée dans le droit commun : la mise en place des CSE à la RATP
Authors: Guillas-Cavan Kevin , Lerais Frédéric
Published: February 2024

Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial (EPIC), la RATP est dotée d’instances représentatives du personnel propres jusqu’aux ordonnances de 2017 qui marquent une rupture et la font entrer dans le droit commun. Cela n’entraîne toutefois ni une normalisation des instances qui sont structurées différemment du fait d’une dynamique sectorielle particulière ni une normalisation des pratiques de représentation du personnel qui demeurent marquées par la trajectoire historique des organisations syndicales et notamment leur densité. En effet, la transformation de l’EPIC en plusieurs sociétés anonymes dans le cadre de l’ouverture à la concurrence donne à la mise en place des CSE une coloration particulière puisqu’il s’agit d’anticiper une décentralisation des fonctions de direction à rebours de la centralisation généralement observée. En outre, dans un contexte où les organisations syndicales sont relativement développées, l’affaiblissement du pouvoir institutionnel lié à la mise en place du CSE à la RATP que nous constatons entraîne un report des stratégies syndicales sur le pouvoir organisationnel, ce qui se traduit par une certaine désinstitutionnalisation de la conflictualité.
Par-delà le clivage privé-public, une représentation syndicale déstabilisée par le passage au CSE
Authors: Béroud Sophie , Nizzoli Cristina
Published: February 2024

Cet article interroge les conditions de mise en place et surtout les modalités d’appropriation de la nouvelle instance de représentation fusionnée que constitue le comité social et économique (CSE). Il propose une approche comparée entre deux entreprises de transport urbain de voyageurs, l’une de statut public et l’autre de statut privé, qui ont cependant connu des évolutions comparables sur le plan managérial. Dans les deux cas, les syndicats ont bénéficié par le passé d’une assise forte rendue possible par une présence au quotidien sur le terrain et à une capacité à faire remonter des problèmes liés en particulier aux conditions de travail. Ils s’appuyaient pour cela sur le rôle des délégués du personnel et sur le Comité d’Hygiène, de Sécurité et des Conditions de Travail (CHSCT). La mise en place du CSE, en plus de réduire le nombre de mandats et les heures de délégation, est venue affaiblir ce maillage, créant, dans les deux cas, un malaise dans la représentation. L’étude montre que c’est le moins le statut de l’entreprise qui constitue ici une clef de lecture heuristique pour comprendre la situation, bien que les syndicats aient obtenu un accord plus favorable dans la régie publique que dans l’entreprise privée, que les nouvelles conditions et modalités de représentation liées au CSE dans des configurations de travail où la proximité demeure la base même de la représentation.
Les migrated archives ou l’art de cacher le passé colonial au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Hiribarren Vincent
Published: February 2024

Cet article examine la manière dont plus de 600 000 documents produits par les différentes administrations britanniques pendant l’époque coloniale ont été dissimulés au grand public et aux chercheur·e·s depuis les années 1940 jusqu’aux années 2000. Ces documents permettent-ils pour autant d’enrichir les connaissances sur la décolonisation de l’empire britannique ? Ils éclairent d’abord sur la manière dont l’histoire impériale du Royaume-Uni est et fut constamment réécrite par les politiciens, journalistes et historiens au début du xxi e siècle.
Chapitre 3. Inégalités dans le dépistage et la prévention du VIH/SIDA
Authors: Kêdoté Nonvignon Marius , Duguet Anne-Marie , Agbahoungba Joseph Giovanni , Gangbo Flore A.
Published: February 2024

Malgré les progrès dans le dépistage et le traitement du Virus de l’Immunodéficience Humaine (VIH), d’importants défis restent à relever dans les pays du Sud à cause de l’insuffisance des moyens et des infrastructures. Le nombre de personnes vivant avec le VIH qui ne connaissent pas leur statut sérologique a diminué dans le monde. Cependant, plusieurs obstacles existants constituent un frein pour de meilleurs résultats. Le contexte socioculturel en Afrique freine la connaissance et la compréhension de la maladie à l’origine des attitudes stigmatisantes, des réticences au dépistage et du faible accès au traitement. Des inégalités subsistent également à l’intérieur des pays du Nord, c’est le cas des Antilles françaises qui bénéficient de la politique de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA avec des résultats insuffisants par rapport à ceux de la métropole en France. C’est pourquoi, nous avons choisi de comparer la situation aux Antilles avec celle du Bénin, dans le contexte de la culture Africaine. Notre analyse fait l’état des lieux des enjeux et perspectives liés à l’accessibilité et à l’utilisation des soins de dépistage en Afrique subsaharienne et dans les Départements Français d’Amérique (DFA). Dans les deux cas, la crainte de la maladie, la stigmatisation, la peur du résultat positif au test de VIH et la crainte de divulgation du résultat du test limitent les actions préventives et de traitement en vue d’une lutte efficace contre le VIH. Un autre défi est celui de l’accessibilité aux tests et la connaissance de la maladie en fonction du genre, en Afrique subsaharienne les femmes sont plus susceptibles d’accepter un test de dépistage que les hommes. Certaines populations dont les adolescent(e)s et les homosexuels se trouvent en situation de vulnérabilité. La comparaison permet de relever des attitudes similaires et de proposer dans les deux pays des actions ou des recommandations qui ont apporté des résultats. Des stratégies novatrices et des programmes spécifiques actions ciblées doivent être mises en œuvre afin faire passer un cap dans la lutte contre l’épidémie de VIH.
Chapitre 7. L’aide médicale à mourir au Canada et les personnes vulnérables
Authors: Byk Christian
Published: February 2024

La Cour suprême du Canada ayant déclaré contraires à la Constitution les dispositions législatives prohibant l’aide à mourir parce qu’elles avaient une portée trop large, la loi du 17 mars 2021 a élargi ces conditions en reportant toutefois la date d’application au 17 mars 2023 pour les seuls malades mentaux. Devant les difficultés soulevées pour éviter une interprétation large des critères, pouvant ouvrir la voie à des demandes fondées sur la lassitude à lutter contre des situations socio-économiques difficiles, la loi du 9 mars 2023 a prorogé ce délai jusqu’au 17 mars 2024.
De l’élaboration de mesures d’adaptation aux changements climatiques. Gouvernance climatique en Ville de Lausanne ?
Authors: Jakob Fabien
Published: February 2024

Les stratégies d’adaptation visent à réduire la vulnérabilité des êtres vivants, des écosystèmes, des moyens de subsistance, des infrastructures, des biens économiques, sociaux et culturels, des activités, des services, etc., qui sont exposés à l’aléa climatique. Au regard de la multiplicité des paramètres à prendre en considération, de l’exposition différenciée à l’aléa climatique et des spécificités des vulnérabilités territoriales, les stratégies d’adaptation ne peuvent être que spécifiques au contexte local qu’il s’agit de préparer aux impacts des changements climatiques et cette spécificité est nécessairement contingente des personnes vivant sur le territoire concerné. Il existe ainsi un enjeu réel à coconstruire des stratégies d’adaptation en hybridant par le développement d’approches participatives les connaissances de scientifiques avec les connaissances locales qui permettent d’enrichir les analyses simplifiées des modèles en favorisant une meilleure compréhension des opportunités et des contraintes locales. Appréhendant les stratégies politiques et sociales de prise en charge des problèmes liés aux changements climatiques, cette étude se focalise sur les Assises du climat de la ville de Lausanne qui, dans leur format actuel, ne semblent pas constituer un espace de collaboration favorisant une activité d’apprentissage collectif, l’émergence de solutions et d’innovation qui permettrait, en transformant les manières de produire, de consommer, de se loger et de se déplacer, d’infléchir par une série d’ajustements incrémentaux la trajectoire du réchauffement en cours.
Effects of nitrogen reduction rates on grain yield and nitrogen utilization in a wheat-maize rotation system in yellow cinnamon soil
Authors: Du Jun , Wei Yi-chang , Shoukat Muhammad Rizwan , Wu Linyi , He Ai-ling , Liu Gao-yuan , Guo Zhong-yi , Laghari Yaseen
Published: February 2024

Excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application severely degrades soil and contaminates the atmosphere and water. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different N fertilizer strategies on wheat-summer corn rotation systems in yellow-brown soil areas. The experiment consisted of seven treatments: no N fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (FP), optimized fertilization (CF), reduced N rates of 10% (90% FP), 20% (80% FP), 30% (70% FP), and a combination of controlled release with conventional urea at 7:3 ratio (CRU). The results indicate that under the condition of 80% FP, both CF and CRU treatments can increase the yield of wheat and corn for two consecutive years. Compared with FP treatment, the wheat yield of CF and CRU treatments increased by 3.62–2.57% and maize yield by 3.53–1.85% with N fertilizer recovery rate (NRE) of crops by 46.2–37.8%. The agronomic N use efficiency (aNUE) under CF treatment increased by 35.4–37.7%, followed by CRU, which increased by 30.5–33.9%. Moreover, compared with FP treatment, both CF and CRU treatment increased the content of organic matter (OM), total N (TN), and hydrolyzed N (HN) in the topsoil layer, and 70% FP treatment significantly reduced the HN content. Both CF and CRU treatments significantly increased the NO3 concentrations in the 0–20 cm soil depth during the wheat and maize season at maturity stages and decreased the residual inorganic N below the plow layer (40–60 cm). During the corn season, the CF and CRU treatments significantly reduced the NO3 concentration in the 40–60 cm soil layer from seedling to jointing. Considering various factors, CRU treatment under 80% FP conditions would be the best fertilization measure for wheat-corn rotation in yellow-brown soil areas.
Nonlocal delay gives rise to vegetation patterns in a vegetation-sand model
Authors: Li Jichun , Guo Gaihui , Yuan Hailong
Published: February 2024

The vegetation pattern generated by aeolian sand movements is a typical type of vegetation patterns in arid and semi-arid areas. This paper presents a vegetation-sand model with nonlocal interaction characterized by an integral term with a kernel function. The instability of the Turing pattern was analyzed and the conditions of stable pattern occurrence were obtained. At the same time, the multiple scales method was applied to obtain the amplitude equations at the critical value of Turing bifurcation. The spatial distributions of vegetation under different delays were obtained by numerical simulation. The results revealed that the vegetation biomass increased as the interaction intensity decreased or as the nonlocal interaction distance increased. We demonstrated that the nonlocal interaction between vegetation and sand is a crucial mechanism for forming vegetation patterns, which provides a theoretical basis for preserving and restoring vegetation.
Susan Stebbing on Logical Positivism and Communication
Authors: Franco Paul L.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, I look at Susan Stebbing’s articles and reviews that critically engage logical positivism. These appeared before the publication of A. J. Ayer’s Language, Truth and Logic and helped shape the early British reception of logical positivism. I highlight Stebbing’s adoption of G. E. Moore’s tripartite distinction between knowing a proposition, understanding it, and giving an analysis of it and, in light of this distinction, her focus on whether the principle of verifiability can ground a plausible account of communication. Stebbing thinks not, and I reconstruct her reasons, as well as her own account of communication. In doing this, I relate her criticisms to her rejection of methodological solipsism and her dissatisfaction with the logical positivist treatment of statements about other minds and the past. I also argue that Stebbing’s work provides a bridge to later criticisms of logical positivism by ordinary language philosophers. Foregrounding Stebbing’s engagement with logical positivism, especially her focus on communication, paints a fuller picture of how the logical positivists came to be part of analytic philosophy despite having different concerns than many of the British philosophers engaging their work.
Situated researcher: a critical autoethnography on migrant researcher’s mobility, positionality, and agency
Authors: Chen Cai
Published: February 2024

Drawing on a critical autoethnography, this essay explores the lived experiences of a Chinese migrant researcher in Belgium and the influence of Belgium as a place of knowledge production on both the researcher and the research itself. First, it highlights the challenges of academic mobility in Europe experienced by migrant researchers in the face of the multiscalar mobility regimes, and underscores how geographic mobility intersects with social class. Second, it reveals the impact of the dual, even plural, scientific socialisation across borders on the self-refashioning and self-evaluation of researchers with migrant backgrounds. Last, the essay argues that the insider/outsider positions of researchers are not static but are constantly (re)shaped by their identities, social positions, and geographic locations – Belgium, in this case, as a place of study, residence, and knowledge production. It further emphasizes the agency of researchers in negotiating complex field relations. This essay contributes to a nuanced understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of migrant researchers in the Global North and sheds light on the role of the place of knowledge production in shaping their ways of doing research and being a researcher.
Revealing Green Finance Mobilization
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian
Published: February 2024

Fintech applications are examined as catalysts for revolutionizing green finance, showcasing their capacity to streamline processes, facilitate transparent transactions, and provide personalized investment options. The functionalities of these applications are dissected, emphasizing their role in mitigating barriers such as information asymmetry and inefficiencies in fund distribution. Blockchain's decentralized ledger system is analyzed for its ability to enhance trust and transparency in sustainable investment. It highlights successful implementations of blockchain in sustainable finance, illuminating its practical benefits in overcoming limitations like fraud risk and reducing administrative costs. This research delves into the transformative potential of integrating financial technology (FinTech) and blockchain in green finance. By transcending traditional barriers, these technologies not only enrich the functionalities of applications but also open new horizons for sustainable investment, paving the way for a more resilient and environmentally conscious financial future.
Aerodynamic Performance of a Hovering Cycloidal Rotor: A CFD Study with Experimental Validation
Authors: Gagnon Louis , Donners Leonard , Zimmer Florian , Keßler Manuel
Published: February 2024

A three‐dimensional (3D) unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes (URANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) toolkit for cycloidal rotors was developed and used to perform a parametric study. It included blade aspect ratio, side disks, pitch mechanism, blade camber, and
shaft size. The influence of the pitch rod length showed the importance of the lift distribution between the upstream and downstream parts of the rotor cylinder. The application of blade camber significantly affected thrust and power, while having a limited effect on efficiency. A similar
effect was obtained by varying the pitch rod lengths. The presence of a central axis in the rotor had a negligible effect on efficiency. The most significant impact on efficiency came from the side disks, which behaved similarly to winglets on fixed‐wing aircraft. However, changing
the aspect ratio of the blades showed a similar response to that of aircraft wings, but with a smaller effect, making it conceivable to fly a square-bladed cyclorotor without side disks. To verify the CFD model, a cycloidal rotor was also built using 3D printed parts and carbon fiber tubing.
It was then operated on a test rig where thrust and power were measured for speeds ranging from 408 to 2528 RPM. On the test bench, the blades were pitched with a uniform asymmetric mechanism. The maximum nose‐up pitch angle in upstream of the rotor axis was 34.8°. Due to its rotation
around the rotor and its pitching in the opposite direction, the maximum nose‐up pitch angle of the downstream blade was 38.6°. The obtained rotor thrust and power curves and the flow visualization around the rotor confirmed the validity of the CFD toolkit.
Cortical Changes of Dual Cognitive-Task Balance Training in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Chai Liangwei , Sun Ximei , Huang Qiuyu , Huang Tao , Guo Xiulan , Liu Hua
Published: February 2024

Context

Researchers have shown that patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have deficits in memory and attention allocation. This functional deficit affects lower extremity performance. Motor-cognitive dual-task training may improve lower limb dysfunction caused by central nervous system injury. Further study is needed to determine whether dual-task training is more favorable than single-task training for improving neuromuscular control in patients with CAI.

Objective

To compare the effects of balance-cognition dual-task training and balance single-task training on lower limb function and electroencephalography changes during static postural control in patients with CAI.

Design

Randomized clinical trial (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2300073875).

Setting

Rehabilitation training room.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 24 patients with CAI (age = 22.33 ± 2.43 years, height = 175.62 ± 7.7 cm, mass = 70.63 ± 14.59 kg) were block randomized into 2 groups.

Intervention(s)

Protocols were performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The single-task group underwent 1-legged static balance training with eyes open and closed and hopping balance training. The dual-task group underwent balance and cognitive training (backward-counting task).

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Cortical activity, proprioception, muscle onset time (difference between the muscle activation time and touchdown time), and dynamic balance were assessed before and after the interventions. We performed multivariate analyses of variance to identify main effects and interactions across groups and time. A post hoc Bonferroni test was performed for pairwise comparisons when interactions were present.

Results

All participants successfully completed the 6-week interventions. Proprioception, peroneus longus (PL) muscle onset time, and dynamic postural control improved after the interventions in both groups (P < .05). Dual-task training was superior to single-task training in improving joint position sense in plantar flexion, shortening PL muscle onset time, and altering cortical activity (P < .05).

Conclusions

A 6-week program of balance training or balance combined with cognitive training could improve the functional deficits associated with CAI. The dual-task training could also improve joint position sense in plantar flexion, PL muscle onset time, and cortical activity.
Development and Validation of Patient Information Leaflet for Schizophrenia
Authors: Deepak C. G. , Joel Juno Jerold , Bhat Shrinivasa Undaru
Published: February 2024

Context:

People with severe mental illnesses like schizophrenia demonstrate a high rate of therapeutic noncompliance in contrast to other forms of mental illnesses. Educating patients regarding the disease and treatment helps to overcome the barriers of their resistance toward the prescribed regimen. Numerous tools have been developed for educating patients and the most convenient and cost-effective form of educational tool is a leaflet.

Aims:

The study aims to develop and validate a patient information leaflet (PIL) for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

The PIL contents were generated from various sources of literature and discussion with several experts in the fields of psychiatry, dietetics, and pharmacy, followed by validation using the content validation index (CVI) method. The Flesch reading ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) formulas were employed to assess readability and evaluate layout and design, Baker-Able Leaflet Design (BALD) criteria were utilized.

Results:

The prepared draft PIL obtained CVI scores of 0.94 (relevance) and 0.84 (clarity), indicating good content validity. The readability scores 74.4 (FRE) and 4 (FKGL) denoted that the textual contents in the PIL are relatively easy to read by any person with an educational grade of four and above. The BALD scores of 29 (English) and 26 (Malayalam and Kannada) represent the PIL good layout and design.

Conclusion:

A draft PIL for patients with schizophrenia is prepared and validated. Further user-testing analysis is needed to evaluate the PIL’s efficiency in the target population.