bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1.9 Mb microdeletion of 21q22.11 within Braddock–Carey contiguous gene deletion syndrome region: Dissecting the phenotype
Authors: Izumi Kosuke , Brooks Susan S. , Feret Holly A. , Zackai Elaine H.
Published: May 2012

Braddock–Carey syndrome is characterized by Pierre Robin sequence, agenesis of the corpus callosum, facial dysmorphisms, developmental delay, and congenital thrombocytopenia. Recently, Braddock–Carey syndrome was demonstrated to be caused by chromosomal microdeletion in 21q22 including the RUNX1 gene, whose haploinsufficiency is responsible for thrombocytopenia phenotype. Therefore, the syndrome has emerged as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. Here, we describe an infant with Pierre Robin sequence, facial anomalies, congenital heart defects, hypotonia, and the absence of thrombocytopenia, who was found to have a 1.9 Mb microdeletion within the Braddock–Carey contiguous deletion syndrome region. This deletion spares the RUNX1 gene, narrowing the genomic region responsible for a part of the Braddock–Carey syndrome phenotype. Further studies are awaited to understand the role of the genes located within 21q22 in the pathogenesis of Braddock–Carey syndrome. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New World Monkey Nightmares: Science, Art, Use, and Abuse (?) in Platyrrhine Taxonomic Nomenclature
Authors: ROSENBERGER Alfred L.
Published: May 2012

The taxonomy and nomenclature of New World monkeys is becoming precariously unstable and impractical, plagued by revisions aimed at conforming to approaches that reject the Biological Species Concept for narrowly construed reasons and resulting in a hyperinflated taxonomy at species (often) and genus (sometimes) levels. This undermines a major goal of classification at the most basic taxonomic levels to ease communication and facilitate research. Since it is difficult to justify extensive changes in terminology without a deeply justified theoretical purpose or without showing what scientific benefits these alterations can bring, working primatologists need not accept this doctrinaire trend. Knowing as little as we do about what a species actually is, does not justify contorting the value of a species nomenclature so that it reflects nothing more than coat color, a node, or endpoint of a dendrogram. Am. J. Primatol. 74:692‐695, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of tooth enamel mechanical properties in primate dietary adaptation
Authors: Constantino Paul J. , Lee James J.‐W. , Gerbig Yvonne , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Talebi Mauricio , Lawn Brian R. , Lucas Peter W.
Published: May 2012

Primate teeth adapt to the physical properties of foods in a variety of ways including changes in occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and overall size. We conducted a comparative study of extant primates to examine whether their teeth also adapt to foods through variation in the mechanical properties of the enamel. Nanoindentation techniques were used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across tooth sections from the enamel‐dentin junction to the outer enamel surface in a broad sample of primates including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs. The measured data profiles feature considerable overlap among species, indicating a high degree of commonality in mechanical properties. These results suggest that differences in the load‐bearing capacity of primate molar teeth are more a function of morphology—particularly tooth size and enamel thickness—than of underlying mechanical properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:171–177, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platyrrhine incisors and diet
Authors: Deane Andrew
Published: May 2012

Despite the relatively large size of anthropoid incisors in relation to the remainder of the dental arcade, and their prominent role in the preprocessing of food prior to ingestion, comparatively little is known about the functional morphology of anthropoid incisor shape and crown curvature. The relationship between incisor allometry and diet is well documented for both platyrrhines and catarrhines; however, similar relationships between incisor shape and crown curvature have to date only been reported for living and fossil members of the superfamily Hominoidea. Given the limited taxonomic diversity among the extant members of that group, it is difficult to firmly establish the relative influence of phylogeny and dietary function in the governance of incisor crown curvature. Unlike hominoids, which are represented by only five living genera, extant platyrrhines are a more varied group that includes 16 ecologically diverse genera. In an effort to clarify the functional relationship between maxillary and mandibular incisor crown curvature and diet, this study uses high resolution polynomial curve fitting to quantify mesiodistal and cervicoincisal curvature for a taxonomically diverse platyrrhine sample (n = 133 individuals representing 18 taxa) with well documented dietary behavior. Results were consistent with prior analyses of hominoid incisor curvature and identify a significant and positive correlation between incisor crown curvature and diet such that increasing curvature is associated with a proportionate increase in frugivory. These results are independent confirmation of the results reported from a previous analysis of hominoid incisor curvature and provide new evidence to suggest that diet is the primary governing factor influencing anthropoid incisor curvature. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:249–261, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utilization of waste polystyrene and starch for superabsorbent composite preparation
Authors: Ismail Hanafi , Irani Maryam , Ahmad Zulkifli
Published: May 2012

A superabsorbent composed of waste polystyrene, starch, and acrylic acid was prepared through emulsion polymerization. The effects of major factors such as starch, acrylic acid, initiator, crosslinker, and bentonite contents and the neutralization degree of acrylic acid on water absorbency were investigated to obtain optimum conditions with high swelling capacity. The superabsorbent hydrogel was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR results confirmed that the grafting polymerization took place among the polystyrene, acrylic acid, starch, and bentonite. The introduction of bentonite particles into the polystyrene‐g‐poly (acrylic acid)‐co‐starch system could increase the water absorbency. The superabsorbent composite containing 3 wt % bentonite had the highest water absorbency (500 g/g in distilled water and 49 g/g in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Geometrical bowing and molecular orientation angle in biaxially stretched poly(ethylene terephthalate) films
Authors: Koerber Alois , Lund Roland , Langowski Horst‐Christian
Published: May 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate in greater detail the occurrence of geometrical bowing and the average molecular orientation direction in biaxially stretched and annealed film webs and to determine possible causes for these effects at a morphological level. This involved studying the temperature‐dependent behavior of annealed and nonannealed film webs and determining the geometrical bowing and average molecular orientation direction across the working width of the film. The average molecular orientation direction was measured offline using a polarimeter and also online using a novel online orientation sensor. It was shown that the geometrical bowing correlates directly with the amount of film shrinkage in machine direction which occurs during annealing in the transverse direction orienter. In addition, a possible explanation is given for the greater increase in the molecular orientation angle at the film edges compared with the geometrical bowing. Good agreement was found between online and offline measurement of the molecular orientation angle. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
The Fluorophore 4′,6‐Diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) Induces DNA Folding in Long Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Beccia Maria Rosa , Biver Tarita , Pardini Alberto , Spinelli Jacopo , Secco Fernando , Venturini Marcella , Busto Vázquez Natalia , Lopez Cornejo Maria Pilar , Martin Herrera Victoria Isabel , Prado Gotor Rafael
Published: May 2012

DAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) is a widely used fluorescent dye, whose complicated binding features to DNAs and RNAs have been the object of debates and are still not fully understood. In this study, different approaches were employed, including binding equilibrium measurements (spectrofluorometry), melting experiments (spectrophotometry), viscometric measurements, circular dichroism, and T‐jump kinetic analyses; all data concur in shedding light on the complex mechanistic aspects of the binding mode of DAPI to natural DNA. Conditions are found that induce the mode of the DAPI/DNA interaction to change from groove binding to intercalation. Moreover, it is observed, for the first time, that DAPI is able to induce the formation of a rather compact polymer–dye adduct under particular conditions. The results suggest that this form is a folded or coiled DNA structure stabilized by DAPI dye bridges.
An Electron‐Deficient Porphyrin Tape
Authors: Mori Hirotaka , Tanaka Takayuki , Aratani Naoki , Lee Byung Sun , Kim Pyosang , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: May 2012

Hexakis(pentafluorophenyl)‐substituted meso–meso‐linked ZnII–diporphyrin (9), which was prepared by the acid‐catalyzed cross‐condensation of 1,1,2,2‐tetrapyrroethane (5) with dipyrromethane dicarbinol (6), was converted into meso–meso,β‐β,β‐β triply linked ZnII–diporphyrin 3 by oxidation with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and Sc(OTf)3. Beside the red‐shifted absorption spectrum and split first oxidation potential that are common to the triply‐linked ZnII–diporphyrins, diporphyrin 3 exhibited considerably improved chemical stability owing to a lowered HOMO and good solubility in common organic solvents. The two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross‐section and S1‐state lifetime of compound 3 were 1700 GM and 3.3 ps, respectively.
Application of principal component analysis to determine the key structural features contributing to iron superoxide dismutase thermostability
Authors: Ding Yanrui , Cai Yujie , Han Yonggang , Zhao Bingqiang , Zhu Lei
Published: May 2012

Iron superoxide dismutase (Fe‐SOD) is predominantly found in bacteria and mitochondria. The thermal stability of Fe‐SOD from different sources can vary dramatically. We have studied the influence of structural parameters on Fe‐SOD thermostability by principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that an increased α‐helical and turn content, an increased α‐helix and loop length, an increase in the number of main‐main chains and charged‐uncharged hydrogen bonds, a decrease in the 310‐helix content, and a decreased β‐strand and loop length are all important factors for Fe‐SOD thermostability. Interestingly, the use of charged residues to form salt bridges is tendentious in thermophilic Fe‐SOD. Negatively charged Arg and positively charged Glu are efficiently used to form salt bridges. The cooperative action of the exposed area, the hydrogen bonds, and the secondary structure plays a crucial role in resisting high temperatures, which demonstrates that the increased stability of thermophilic Fe‐SOD is provided by several structural factors acting together. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:864–872, 2012.
User‐guided volumetric approximation using swept sphere volumes for physically based animation
Authors: Bae Myungsoo , Kim Jinwook , Kim Young J.
Published: May 2012

We present an efficient, user‐guided volumetric approximation algorithm, specifically designed for physically based animation. Our method combines automatic and interactive segmentation methods to give users an intuitive and easy way to approximate 3D meshes. Our approach first constructs the simplified medial axis transform of the input mesh object, and segments the medial axis into parts in terms of swept sphere volumes using a region growing method. Then, we decompose the object surface into regions based on the mapping between the segmented medial axis and the object surface. Each segmented region is approximated with a swept sphere volume. These decomposed surface regions can be interactively refined further by splitting and/or merging using a sketch‐based input. Experimental results show that our approach produces good volumetric approximation results for different types of object shapes. Moreover, rigid‐body dynamics simulation based on our volumetric approximation provides a visually pleasing result. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of Iterative Carbohydrate Transfer to Polysaccharide Catalyzed by Chondroitin Polymerase on a Highly Sensitive Flow‐Type 27 MHz Quartz‐Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Mori Toshiaki , Kodera Takayuki , Yoshimine Hiroshi , Kakuta Yoshimitsu , Sugiura Nobuo , Kimata Koji , Okahata Yoshio
Published: May 2012

Using a highly sensitive flow‐type 27 MHz quartz crystal microbalance, we could detect a small mass change during stepwise and alternating one‐sugar transfer of glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to an acceptor, catalyzed by chondroitin polymerase from Escherichia coli strain K4 (K4CP), and analyze the elongation mechanism of K4CP. K4CP was found to bind strongly to a chondroitin acceptor (Kd=0.97 μM). Although the binding affinity and the catalytic rate constant for each monomer were considerably different, the apparent catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) was similar (6.3×104 M−1 s−1 for GlcA transfer and 3.4×104 M−1 s−1 for the GalNAc transfer). This is reasonable for the smooth alternating elongation of GlcA and GalNAc on the acceptor. This is the first study to report the determination of kinetic parameters for enzymatic, alternated, sugar elongation.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion‐Induced Solid Solution Electrochemical Behavior in Iron Tavorite Phosphates.
Authors: Ellis Brian L. , Nazar Linda F.
Published: May 2012

LiFePO4(OH)0.4F0.6 is hydrothermally prepared from mixtures of FePO4, LiF, and H2O (autoclave, 200 °C, 16 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Cs3(O3)2 (O2)·NH3: The First Mixed Alkali Metal Ozonide Superoxide.
Authors: Nuss Hanne , Jansen Martin
Published: May 2012

The title compound is synthesized by reaction of CsO2, CsO3, and trace amounts of NH4Cl in liquid ammonia (200 K, 14 d, 33% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Addition of Capping Groups to the Phosphomolybdate Keggin Anion [PMo12O40]3‐ by Mild, Non‐Aqueous Reductive Aggregation.
Authors: Bakri Ridla , Booth Andrew , Harle Gavin , Middleton Paul S. , Wills Corinne , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. , Errington R. John
Published: May 2012

Controlled reductive assembly of capped Keggin‐type polyoxometalates is achieved by mild, non‐aqueous reduction of [PMo12O40]3‐ with sodium‐mercury amalgam in the presence of metal halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by Iron Chloride Hexahydrate/TEMPO in the Presence of Silica Gel.
Authors: Wang Lianyue , Li Jun , Lv Ying , Zhao Gongda , Gao Shuang
Published: May 2012

A simple and efficient catalyst system is used for the oxidation of benzylic alcohols in the presence of silica gel using molecular oxygen as terminal oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Switch of Reaction Pathway Induced by Solid Support and Ultrasound.
Authors: Doan Tan L. H. , Le Thach N.
Published: May 2012

The reaction of benzyl bromide with toluene in the presence of KCN and Lewis acid Al2O3 proceeds via Friedel—Crafts pathway to give a regioisomeric mixture of o‐ and p‐benzyltoluene (III)/(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of δ‐Bromo γ,δ‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds via Palladium‐Catalyzed Bromoalkylation of Alkynoates.
Authors: Wen Yanmei , Huang Liangbin , Jiang Huanfeng , Chen Huoji
Published: May 2012

The new, regio‐ and stereoselective method produces δ‐bromo γ,δ‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds as versatile building blocks.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Trifluoromethylation of Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Zhang Ke , Qiu Xiao‐Long , Huang Yangen , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: May 2012

Two competitive methods to prepare trifluoromethylated aromatic alkynes are developed using Ag2CO3 or molecular oxygen as oxidants.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of α‐Amino Esters by a Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Steurer Marianne , Jensen Kim L. , Worgull Dennis , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: May 2012

The method involves an asymmetric [3 + 2]‐cycloaddition reaction between (Z)‐olefinic azlactones (I) and ethyl buta‐2,3‐dienoate (II), in situ ring opening of the lactone and esterification.
ChemInform Abstract: Spinel Cobalt Oxide Catalyzed Controlled Hydration of Aromatic Nitriles.
Authors: Gangarajula Yuvaraj , Gopal Buvaneswari
Published: May 2012

The title catalyst efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of benzonitrile and its derivatives to the corresponding amides in high yields and with excellent selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Synthesis of (Z)‐2‐Chloro‐1,3‐diarylpropen‐1‐ones by Vilsmeier Reagent (Bis‐(trichloromethyl) carbonate/DMF).
Authors: Weng Yi Yi. , Li Jian Jun , Su Wei Ke
Published: May 2012

Treatment of epoxides (I) with Vilsmeier reagent generated from triphosgene and DMF results in the selective formation of (Z)‐2‐chloro‐propenones (II) (14 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of C3 Symmetric Functionalized Sumanenes.
Authors: Higashibayashi Shuhei , Nasir Baig R. B. , Morita Yuki , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: May 2012

A protocol for the selective preparation of C3 symmetric triformylsumanene (VII), a versatile intermediate for various substituted sumanenes, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Devinylation of N‐Vinylpyrroles Using Mercury(II) Acetate.
Authors: Schmidt E. Yu. , Vasil'tsov A. M. , Zorina N. V. , Ivanov A. V. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Trofimov B. A.
Published: May 2012

A known devinylation method is revised according to the assumed mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Approach for the Synthesis of N‐Substituted Isoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Ordonez Mario , Tibhe Gaurao D. , Zamudio‐Medina Angel , Viveros‐Ceballos Jose Luis
Published: May 2012

A three‐component reaction of o‐formylbenzoic acid, primary amines and dimethyl phosphite constitutes an efficient synthesis of isoindolinone phosphonates, which readily undergo dephosphorylation with LiAlH4.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclization of trans‐1,2,3‐Triphenylcyclopropane Using Nitrous Acid.
Authors: Gazzaeva R. A. , Fedotov A. N. , Mochalov S. S.
Published: May 2012

The reaction of trans‐1,2,3‐triphenylcyclopropane (I) with one equivalent of nitrous acid provides access to the expected isoxazoline (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic [2 + 2] and [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Allenoates with Cyclic Ketimines.
Authors: Chen Xiang‐Yu , Lin Ruo‐Chen , Ye Song
Published: May 2012

The Lewis base‐catalyzed cycloadditions of allenoates (II) and cyclic ketimines (I) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol‐Mediated Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazole under Catalyst‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Nandre Kamalakar P. , Salunke Jagdish K. , Nandre Jitendra P. , Patil Vijay S. , Borse Amul U. , Bhosale Sidhanath V.
Published: May 2012

The cycloaddition of aromatic and benzylic nitriles with sodium azide is conveniently achieved in glycerol to give the tetrazoles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of 11‐Fluoro‐11H‐indeno[1,2‐c]quinolines via a Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of 2‐Alkynylbromobenzenes, 2‐Alkynylanilines, and N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide.
Authors: Pan Xiaolin , Luo Yong , Liu Gang , Pu Shouzhi , Wu Jie
Published: May 2012

The reaction works with high chemoselectivity and diversity can be easily introduced.
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Aryl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridines and 1‐Aryl‐5‐methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolines Using Phenyliodine Bis(trifluoroacetate) or Iodobenzene Diacetate.
Authors: Kumar P.
Published: May 2012

Iodosobenzene bis(trifluoroacetate)‐mediated cyclization of pyridyl‐ (I) and quinolinylhydrazones (III) proceeds by simple grinding under neat conditions within a few minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines and Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]pyridines by Ring Closure of 3‐Acylpyridine N‐Oxide Tosylhydrazones.
Authors: Lominac William J. , D'Angelo Megan L. , Smith Mark D. , Ollison Darius A. , Hanna James M. Jr.
Published: May 2012

Reaction conditions for the cyclization of (Z)‐hydrazones (I) are optimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Naphthyridone Derivatives Containing Mono/Difluoro‐methyloxime Pyrrolidine Scaffolds.
Authors: Lv Kai , Liu Ming‐Liang , Feng Lian‐Shun , Sun Lan‐Ying , Sun Ye‐Xin , Wei Zeng‐Quan , Guo Hui‐Quan
Published: May 2012

New pyrrolidine derivatives (VII) as well as novel naphthyridones (XI) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoroethanol as a Metal‐Free, Homogeneous, and Recyclable Medium for the Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidones.
Authors: Rashmi S. V. , Sandhya N. C. , Raghava B. , Kumara M. N. , Mantelingu K. , Rangappa K. S.
Published: May 2012

Trifluoroethanol acts as solvent and reaction mediator at the same time, hence no further activator is required.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Domino Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinazoline‐4‐amines in One‐Pot by Activating an sp3 C—H Bond in a Nonmetal Catalytic Oxidation System.
Authors: Zeng Li‐Yan , Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun
Published: May 2012

A one‐pot iodine‐catalyzed amination of benzoxazine diones (I) and (V) with aromatic amines (II), followed by TBHP‐mediated oxidative cyclization with benzylic amines (III), provides access towards title quinazolinamines (IV) and (VI) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Variant of the ANRORC Rearrangement of [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines and Pyrimido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole.
Authors: Potapov A. Yu. , Romanov P. S. , Shikhaliev Kh. S. , Polunin E. V. , Firgang S. I.
Published: May 2012

The alkaline hydrolysis reaction of esters (I) and (III) proceeds with ANRORC rearrangement to give methyl ketones (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Highly Atom‐Economic Approach to Biaryl‐Containing Medium‐Ring Bislactones
Authors: Wu Dongdong , Wang Lei , Xu Kai , Song Jia , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Xu Jianhua , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2012

using a photocycloaddition/photooxidation approach
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Oxa‐Michael Addition to Diethyl Vinylphosphonate under Mild Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Baszczynski Ondrej , Jansa Petr , Dracinsky Martin , Kaiser Martin Maxmilian , Spacek Petr , Janeba Zlatko
Published: May 2012

Vinylphosphonate (II) is added to secondary and sterically hindered primary alcohols under optimized conditions to give the corresponding 2‐(alkoxy)ethylphosphonates, including biologically active compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG—SO3H Catalyzed Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Reddy C. Devendranath , et al. et al.
Published: May 2012

The one‐pot, three‐component reaction of (pyridinyl)benzaldehyde (I) with primary amines (II) and triethyl phosphite (III) is carried out in the presence of polyethylene glycol sulfonic acid as a recyclable catalyst under mild conditions to provide a new structurally diversified set of α‐aminophosphonates (IV) which is evaluated for their anti‐tumor activity on human leukemia and colon carcinoma cells together with non‐cancerous human embryonic kidney cells.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐Triazole D‐Ribose Derivatives: Design, Synthesis and Antitumoral Evaluation.
Authors: Avanzo Romina E. , Anesini Claudia , Fascio Mirta L. , Errea Maria I. , D'Accorso Norma B.
Published: May 2012

Antitumoral screening shows moderate antiproliferative activity against T cell lymphoma cell lines for several triazole D‐ribose derivatives, e.g. compounds (III), (V), and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Compounds of Fluorocomplexes of p‐Elements with Crown and Azacrown Ethers: Synthesis, Transformations and Crystal Structures
Authors: Gelmboldt Vladimir O. , Ganin Eduard V. , Fonari Marina S.
Published: May 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photogenerated Avenues in Macromolecules Containing Re(I), Ru(II), Os(II), and Ir(III) Metal Complexes of Pyridine‐Based Ligands
Authors: Happ Bobby , Winter Andreas , Hager Martin D. , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: May 2012

Review: 223 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments on Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions in Water
Authors: Chaturvedi Devdutt , Barua Nabin C.
Published: May 2012

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienes by Wittig and Related Phosphorus‐, Silicon‐, or Sulfur‐Based Reactions
Authors: Abell A. D. , Edmonds M. K.
Published: May 2012

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Solid‐State Properties of Salts
Authors: Giron Danielle , Grant David J. W.
Published: May 2012

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamides and Related Functional Groups as Nucleophilic Components in Ring‐Forming Processes Catalyzed by Electrophilic Metal Salts
Authors: Dake Gregory R.
Published: May 2012

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Haloetherification of Ene‐ and Diene‐Acetals: Asymmetric Synthesis Involving Chiral Oxonium Ion Intermediates
Authors: Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: May 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Gold Catalysis in Fine Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Cui Xinjiang , Shi Feng , Deng Youquan
Published: May 2012

Review: 437 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpene/Steroid Glycoconjugates: Natural Occurrence, Synthesis and Biological Activities
Authors: Schwarz Stefan , Xavier Nuno M. , Csuk Rene , Rauter Amelia P.
Published: May 2012

Review: 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Key to Xenobiotic Carotenoids
Authors: Sliwka Hans‐Richard , Partali Vassilia
Published: May 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzopyrrole Derivatives as Effective Anion Receptors in Highly Competitive Solvents
Authors: Jurczak Janusz , Chmielewski Michal J. , Dydio Pawel , Lichosyt Dawid , Ulatowski Filip , Zielinski Tomasz
Published: May 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenoxide Elimination and [2,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Nishibayashi Yoshiaki , Uemura Sakae
Published: May 2012

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Imine Chemistry
Authors: Belowich Matthew E. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: May 2012

Review: 106 refs.
Determination of enantiomeric impurity in besifloxacin hydrochloride by chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization
Authors: Wang Zhangting , Wang Shengjia , Zhu Feng , Chen Zaixin , Yu Lushan , Zeng Su
Published: May 2012

Besifloxacin hydrochloride is a novel chiral broad‐spectrum fluoroquinolone developed for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. R‐besifloxacin hydrochloride is used in clinics as a consequence of its higher antibacterial activity. To establish an enantiomeric impurity determination method, some chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were screened. Besifloxacin enantiomers can be separated to a certain extent on Chiral CD‐Ph (Shiseido Co., Ltd., Japan), Chiral AGP, and Crownpak CR (+) (Daicel Chemical IND., Ltd., Japan). However, the selectivity and sensitivity were both unsatisfactory on these three CSPs. Therefore, Chiral AGP, Chiral CD‐Ph, and Crownpak CR (+) were not used in the enantiomeric impurity determination of besifloxacin hydrochloride. The separation of enantiomers of besifloxacin was further performed using a precolumn derivatization chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method. 2,3,4,6‐Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐beta‐D‐glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate was used as the derivatization reagent. Besifloxacin enantiomer derivates were well separated on a C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase that consisted of methanol‐KH2PO4 buffer solution (20 mM; pH 3.0) (50:50, v/v). Selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and robustness of this method were all satisfied with the method validation requirement. The method was suitable for the quality control of enantiomeric impurity in besifloxacin hydrochloride. Chirality 24:526–531, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new approach for joint modelling of longitudinal measurements and survival times with a cure fraction
Authors: Song Hui , Peng Yingwei , Tu Dongsheng
Published: May 2012

The joint analysis of longitudinal measurements and survival data is useful in clinical trials and other medical studies. In this paper, we consider a joint model which assumes a linear mixed$tt$model for longitudinal measurements and a promotion time cure model for survival data and links these two models through a latent variable. A semiparametric inference procedure with an EM algorithm implementation is developed for the parameters in the joint model. The proposed procedure is evaluated in a simulation study and applied to analyze the quality of life and time to recurrence data from a clinical trial on women with early breast cancer.The Canadian Journal of Statistics40: 207–224; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada
Tivantinib (ARQ 197), a selective inhibitor of MET, in patients with microphthalmia transcription factor–associated tumors
Authors: Wagner Andrew J. , Goldberg John M. , DuBois Steven G. , Choy Edwin , Rosen Lee , Pappo Alberto , Geller James , Judson Ian , Hogg David , Senzer Neil , Davis Ian J. , Chai Feng , Waghorne Carol , Schwartz Brian , Demetri George D.
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND:

Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF)‐associated (MiT) tumors are a family of rare malignancies, including alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS), clear cell sarcoma (CCS), and translocation‐associated renal cell carcinoma (tRCC) that have dysregulated expression of oncogenic MITF family proteins. The MET receptor tyrosine kinase gene is transcriptionally activated by MITF family proteins, making MET a potential therapeutic target for MiT tumors. This study assessed the activity of tivantinib (ARQ 197), a selective MET inhibitor, in patients with MiT‐associated tumors.

METHODS:

This multicenter, single‐arm, phase 2 trial enrolled patients with advanced MiT tumors. Patients initially received tivantinib 120 mg orally twice daily, then 360 mg twice daily per protocol amendment. The primary endpoint was overall response rate. Secondary endpoints included safety, progression‐free survival, pharmacokinetics, and correlative studies.

RESULTS:

A total of 47 patients (median age, 25 years; range, 11‐73 years) with ASPS (n = 27), CCS (n = 11), tRCC (n = 6), or other tumor types (n = 3) were enrolled. Common grade 3/4 drug‐related adverse events included anemia (4%) and neutropenia (4%). Three patients (6.4%) experienced 4 treatment‐related serious adverse events (grade 3 febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and deep vein thrombosis, and grade 4 thrombocytopenia). Best response was partial response in 1 CCS patient (2%) and stable disease in 28 patients (60%). Median progression‐free survival was 3.6 months (overall), 5.5 months (ASPS), and 1.9 months (CCS and tRCC). Baseline MET expression was strongly or focally positive in tumor samples from 14 of 19 patients (74%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Tivantinib was safe and tolerable in patients with MiT tumors, but antitumor activity was modest. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Driver mutations determine survival in smokers and never‐smokers with stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Paik Paul K. , Johnson Melissa L. , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Sima Camelia S. , Ang Daphne , Dogan Snjezana , Miller Vincent A. , Ladanyi Marc , Kris Mark G. , Riely Gregory J.
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND:

The authors previously demonstrated that never‐smokers with stage IIIB/IV nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lived 50% longer than former/current smokers. This observation persisted after adjusting for age, performance status, and sex. In this study, the authors hypothesized that smoking‐dependent differences in the distribution of driver mutations may explain differences in prognosis between these subgroups.

METHODS:

In total, 293 never‐smokers and 382 former/current smokers with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and v‐Ki‐ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations and rearrangements in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) between 2009 and 2010 were investigated. Clinical outcomes and patient characteristics were collected. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Group comparison was performed with log‐rank tests and Cox proportional hazards methods.

RESULTS:

Although the overall incidence of these mutations was nearly identical (55% never‐smokers vs 57% current/former smokers; P = .48), there were significant differences in the distribution of mutations between these groups for EGFR mutations (37% never‐smokers vs 14% former/current smokers; P < .0001), KRAS mutations (4% never‐smokers vs 43% former/current smokers; P < .0001), and ALK rearrangements (12% never‐smokers vs 2% former/current smokers; P < .0001). Among never‐smokers and former/current smokers, the prognosis differed significantly by genotype. Patients who had KRAS mutations had the poorest survival. Smoking status, however, had no influence on survival within each genotype.

CONCLUSIONS:

Never‐smokers and former/current smokers with lung adenocarcinomas were not homogeneous subgroups. Each was made up of individuals whose tumors had a unique distribution of driver mutations, which were associated with different prognoses, irrespective of smoking history. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Cytopathologic evaluation of the in situ margin in patients undergoing hepatectomy
Authors: Jones Natalie B. , Wakely Paul E. , Klemanski Dori L. , Al‐Saif Osama , Young Gregory , Frankel Wendy L. , Martin Edward W. , Bloomston Mark
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND:

Margin status is a predictor of outcome for patients with liver malignancies, although what constitutes a negative margin is controversial. Traditionally, the completeness of resection is estimated by surgical histopathology of the resected specimen margin, despite the in situ margin being potentially more important. The true margin is often altered by parenchymal transection techniques. The authors propose that cytologic assessment of the in situ margin is more specific for determining the true margin.

METHODS:

A total of 84 patients with primary or metastatic liver tumors who were undergoing surgical resection were enrolled in this prospective Institutional Review Board‐approved study. Specimen and in situ (patient) margins were assessed using a “scrape preparation” cytologic technique and compared with traditional surgical histopathology. Patients were followed for assessment of local disease recurrence.

RESULTS:

Follow‐up data were complete for 64 patients for a median of 37 months (range, 12 months‐56 months). Twenty patients were excluded because of perioperative death (6 patients; 7%) or a follow‐up of < 12 months. Seven patients (12.2%) had positive histopathologic specimen margins, but only 1 was found to be positive by cytology (1.8%). No in situ cytologically positive margins were identified along the cut edge of the liver remnant. The rate of intra‐ or extrahepatic recurrences was 56.7%, whereas the local recurrence rate was 1.8%. One patient with local recurrence demonstrated simultaneous intra‐ and extrahepatic disease recurrences and had negative margins by all methods of evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS:

To the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate that in situ margins can be assessed using cytopathology. This method is quick and can be universally applied. Given the difficulty of accurately assessing margins after hepatectomy, cytopathologic evaluation may be more reflective of the true margin. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Validity of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 Scale in an Acute Psychiatric Sample
Authors: Kertz Sarah , Bigda‐Peyton Joe , Bjorgvinsson Throstur
Published: May 2012

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric presentations; however, GAD has the lowest diagnostic reliability of the anxiety disorders and is poorly recognized in clinical practice. A more reliable assessment of GAD could lead to earlier detection and treatment of the disorder, which has an otherwise debilitating course and significant associated impairment. The 7‐item GAD Scale (GAD‐7) has shown promise as a measure with good clinical utility and strong psychometric properties in primary care and community settings but has yet to be assessed in acute psychiatric populations. This study examined the validity of the GAD‐7 in a sample of 232 patients enrolled in a partial hospital programme. Patients completed a diagnostic interview and a battery of self‐report measures before and after treatment. Findings suggest that the GAD‐7 has good internal consistency and good convergent validity with worry, anxiety, depression and stress, and the measure was sensitive to change over the course of a short intensive cognitive–behavioural therapy partial hospital programme. However, the confirmatory analysis failed to support the hypothesized unidimensional factor structure; and although the GAD‐7 demonstrated good sensitivity (.83), specificity was poor (.46) in identifying patients with GAD. Overall, the GAD‐7 appears to be a valid measure of generalized anxiety symptoms in this sample, on the basis of good internal consistency, convergent validity and sensitivity to change, but does not perform well as a screener for GAD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

The GAD‐7 Scale is an easy‐to‐score, self‐report measure of core generalized anxiety disorder symptoms.

The GAD‐7 Scale has good internal consistency and convergent validity with depression, anxiety, stress and worry, and is sensitive to change.

The GAD‐7 Scale appears to be a good measure of generalized anxiety symptoms in an acute psychiatric sample.

The GAD‐7 Scale does not perform well as a screener for GAD and should not be used to identify cases of GAD in acute psychiatric samples.
Research analysis of wireless localization with insufficient resources for next‐generation mobile communication networks
Authors: Cui Qimei , Zhang Xuefei
Published: May 2012

The paper proposes a cooperative group location (CGL) scheme to solve the ill‐conditioned location problem in mobile communication networks, which means that the mobile terminal (MT) has no sufficient signal resources from the networks to uniquely localize itself. On the basis of rigid graph theory, the unique solvability of the CGL scheme is completely proved in the theory in this paper. In CGL, it is assumed that the different MTs can directly communicate with each other in a peer‐to‐peer manner and form a terminal group (TG), which is propelled by some distinct characteristics of next‐generation wireless networks such as ubiquitous inter‐net and inter‐communicating, device‐to‐device connectivity, and so on. When each MT in a TG has no sufficient signal resources, the CGL scheme makes it possible to accurately locate all the MTs in the TG. Two CGL‐based location algorithms—improved Taylor‐series iteration location algorithm and search and positioning algorithm, are presented in this paper. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms have higher positioning accuracy over traditional geometric location methods in ill conditions. The CGL scheme can effectively enhance the robustness and precision of localization and provide a novel idea to the positioning of MTs in next‐generation mobile communication networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thinking about Arabs and Muslims makes Americans shoot faster: Effects of category accessibility on aggressive responses in a shooter paradigm
Authors: Mange Jessica , Chun Woo Young , Sharvit Keren , Belanger Jocelyn J.
Published: May 2012

Is the same person perceived as more dangerous if the perceiver is induced to think about Arab and Muslim categories versus no category? Using the shooter paradigm, this study investigated the effects of the accessibility of ethnic (Arab) versus religious (Muslim) categories versus no category on spontaneous aggressive responses toward a target with an ambiguous appearance. Results demonstrated that shooting reactions toward armed targets were faster than non‐shooting reactions toward unarmed targets, especially if the target was a man. Despite these main effects, participants made faster decisions to shoot an ambiguous armed target if primed with the category Arab or Muslim (versus no category priming). The findings indicate that the mere priming of these social categories is sufficient to facilitate aggressive responses, even if the targets themselves are ambiguous. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissolved organic matter reduces algal accumulation of methylmercury
Authors: Luengen Allison C. , Fisher Nicholas S. , Bergamaschi Brian A.
Published: May 2012

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) significantly decreased accumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) by the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana in laboratory experiments. Live diatom cells accumulated two to four times more MeHg than dead cells, indicating that accumulation may be partially an energy-requiring process. Methylmercury enrichment in diatoms relative to ambient water was measured by a volume concentration factor (VCF). Without added DOM, the maximum VCF was 32 × 104, and the average VCF (from 10 to 72 h) over all experiments was 12.6 × 104. At very low (1.5 mg/L) added DOM, VCFs dropped by approximately half. At very high (20 mg/L) added DOM, VCFs dropped 10-fold. Presumably, MeHg was bound to a variety of reduced sulfur sites on the DOM, making it unavailable for uptake. Diatoms accumulated significantly more MeHg when exposed to transphilic DOM extracts than hydrophobic ones. However, algal lysate, a labile type of DOM created by resuspending a marine diatom in freshwater, behaved similarly to a refractory DOM isolate from San Francisco Bay. Addition of 67 µM L-cysteine resulted in the largest drop in VCFs, to 0.28 × 104. Although the DOM composition influenced the availability of MeHg to some extent, total DOM concentration was the most important factor in determining algal bioaccumulation of MeHg. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1712–1719. © 2012 SETAC
Microglial activatory (immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif)‐ and inhibitory (immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motif)‐signaling receptors for recognition of the neuronal glycocalyx
Authors: Linnartz Bettina , Neumann Harald
Published: May 2012

Microglia sense intact or lesioned cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and respond accordingly. To fulfill this task, microglia express a whole set of recognition receptors. Fc receptors and DAP12 (TYROBP)‐associated receptors such as microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐2 (TREM2) and the complement receptor‐3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) trigger the immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif (ITAM)‐signaling cascade, resulting in microglial activation, migration, and phagocytosis. Those receptors are counter‐regulated by immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibition motif (ITIM)‐signaling receptors, such as sialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin superfamily lectins (Siglecs). Siglecs recognize the sialic acid cap of healthy neurons thus leading to an ITIM signaling that turns down microglial immune responses and phagocytosis. In contrast, desialylated neuronal processes are phagocytosed by microglial CR3 signaling via an adaptor protein containing an ITAM. Thus, the aberrant terminal glycosylation of neuronal surface glycoproteins and glycolipids could serve as a flag for microglia, which display a multitude of diverse carbohydrate‐binding receptors that monitor the neuronal physical condition and respond via their ITIM‐ or ITAM‐signaling cascade accordingly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at increased risk for postoperative cardiovascular events
Authors: VanWagner Lisa B. , Bhave Manali , Te Helen S. , Feinglass Joe , Alvarez Lisa , Rinella Mary E.
Published: May 2012

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to compare the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events between patients transplanted for NASH and alcohol (ETOH)-induced cirrhosis. This is a retrospective cohort study (August 1993 to March 2010) of 242 patients (115 NASH and 127 ETOH) with ≥12 months follow-up after liver transplantation (LT). Those with hepatocellular carcinoma or coexisting liver diseases were excluded. Kaplan-Meier's and Cox's proportional hazard analyses were conducted to compare survival. Logistic regression was used to calculate the likelihood of CV events, defined as death from any cardiac cause, myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, complete heart block, and/or stroke requiring hospitalization <1 year after LT. Patients in the NASH group were older (58.4 versus 53.3 years) and were more likely to be female (45% versus 18%;

P

< 0.001). They were more likely to be morbidly obese (32% versus 9%), have dyslipidemia (25% versus 6%), or have hypertension (53% versus 38%;

P

< 0.01). On multivariate analysis, NASH patients were more likely to have a CV event <1 year after LT, compared to ETOH patients, even after controlling for recipient age, sex, smoking status, pretransplant diabetes, CV disease, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (26% versus 8%; odds ratio = 4.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.91-8.90). The majority (70%) of events occurred in the perioperative period, and the occurrence of a CV event was associated with a 50% overall mortality. However, there were no differences in patient, graft, or CV mortality between groups.

Conclusions :

CV complications are common after LT, and NASH patients are at increased risk independent of traditional cardiac risk factors, though this did not affect overall mortality.
Dorsal hippocampus is necessary for novel learning but sufficient for subsequent similar learning
Authors: Wang Szu‐Han , Finnie Peter S.B. , Hardt Oliver , Nader Karim
Published: May 2012

Our current understanding of brain mechanisms involved in learning and memory has been derived largely from studies using experimentally naïve animals. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that not all identified mechanisms may generalize to subsequent learning. For example, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate glutamate (NMDA) receptors in the dorsal hippocampus are required for contextual fear conditioning in naïve animals but not in animals previously trained in a similar task. Here we investigated how animals learn contextual fear conditioning for a second time—a response which is not due to habituation or generalization. We found that dorsal hippocampus infusions of voltage‐dependent calcium channel blockers or the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist impaired the first, not the second contextual learning. Only manipulations of the entire hippocampus led to an impairment in second learning. Specifically, inactivation of either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus caused the remaining portion of the hippocampus to acquire and consolidate the second learning. Thus, dorsal hippocampus seems necessary for initial contextual fear conditioning, but either the dorsal or ventral hippocampus is sufficient for subsequent conditioning in a different context. Together, these findings suggest that prior training experiences can change how the hippocampus processes subsequent similar learning. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.