bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Mélioïdose à la Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes
Authors: Nouvel Jacques , Dodin A. , Demontoy M.-C. , Chové M.-A.
Published: March 2018

Le bacille de Whitmore, agent de la mélioïdose, a été isolé de quelques animaux sauvages de la Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes au Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris.

Une étude clinique, anatomo-pathologique, bactériologique et sérologique de l’infection est décrite.

Le rôle éventuel de l’importation d'animaux sauvages est évoqué, mais la présence du bacille de Whitmore a pu être décelée en quelques points du territoire français en l’absence d’animaux d’origine tropicale.
La qualité juridique des fonctions de vétérinaire sanitaire, à la lumière de la jurisprudence du Conseil d’Etat et de la Cour de Cassation
Authors: Mornet Paul
Published: March 2018

Les vétérinaires sanitaires sont des agents d’un service public départemental : le service des épizooties, et les missions qu'ils remplissent dans le cadre de ce service ont le caractère de «fonctions publiques » au sens de l’article 258 du Code pénal.

C’est dans des «conditions de subordination vis-à-vis de l’Etat • qu’ils exécutent des opérations de prophylaxie collective subventionnée, mais sans que leur ait été reconnue la qualité de «citoyen chargé d’un ministère de service public» au sens de l’article R. 40-2 ° du Code pénal.
Détection de l’antigène viral de la peste porcine classique dans certains processus néoplasiques malins lymphoréticulaires humains
Authors: Siri Ana-Maria , Bermudez Reina , Perez-Abella F. , Vignale R. , Ferrari M.
Published: March 2018

Les auteurs révèlent, par la méthode des anticorps fluorescents, la présence de l’antigène viral, correspondant à la peste porcine classique, dans des maladies lymphoprolifératives humaines.
Mise au point d’une méthode quantitative d’étude de l’absorption digestive chez le porc : applications à quelques problèmes nutritionnels concrets
Authors: Rérat Alain
Published: March 2018

Une méthode directe d'étude de l’absorption digestive a été mise au point chez le porc, méthode qui permet d'établir la cinétique d’apparition des nutriments dans la veine porte et leur nature. Cette méthode est basée sur la mesure de la différence porto-artérielle de concentration sanguine des nutriments concernés, et l'enregistrement simultané du débit de sang dans la veine porte, tout au long de la période post-prandiale. Cette méthode a été appliquée à la résolu¬ tion de quelques problèmes nutritionnels. Ces études ont porté sur l’absorption des matières azotées d'origine endogène, les bilans d'absorption comparés d’acides aminés d'origine industrielle ou provenant de protéines alimentaires, sur la part prise par la sécrétion exocrine du pancréas dans la digestion des protéines et des glucides et enfin sur la cinétique de digestion et les formes d'absorption des divers glucides alimentaires.
Rhinopneumonie à virus des équidés. Une forme atypique chez le cheval de course
Authors: Lesaffre R. , Benazet P. , Virat J.
Published: March 2018

Des phénomènes de paraplégie sont apparus brusquement sur des chevaux de pur sang à l’entraînement ; le laboratoire a établi la présence du virus Herpes equi 1.
Réactions d’immunité cellulaire non spécifique du veau, lors d’infection par le virus de la rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine
Authors: Le Jan C.
Published: March 2018

IBR virus losses his infectiosity, when incubated in vitro with calf lymphocytes ; these lymphocytes inhibit the development of cytopathic effect on bovine cell cultures infected with IBR virus. This non specific phenomenon was noted with lymphocytes originated from immunised calves as from newborn, colostrum deprived calf. It may take place, in vivo, for virus persistence and viral multiplication without clinical manifestations.
Le vétérinaire et l’expérimentation animale
Authors: Bertrand M.
Published: March 2018

The veterinarian is more concerned than any biologist by animal experimentation : as protector of animals against sufference, as controller of legislative, ethics and sanitary measures, as specialist of animat pathology and as biologist conscious of numerous parameters that an experimental protocol has to subdue upon a living model. The author analyses these different aspects.
Chimiotypes et antibiotypes des coliformes d’une ferme de Basse-Normandie à septicémie des veaux. Conséquences pratiques
Authors: Jacquet Jean , Chikhi A.
Published: March 2018

More than 1 650 coliforms strains from a farm where a catastrophic diarrhoea took place among calves, have been determined biochimically during four years. The role of dominant types of E. coli has been shown. The Situation has been improved by innoculation of the mothers at the seventh month and by newly-born calves taking the colostrum. Antibiotics distinguish vigorously the multiple resistant strains which are passed by plasmids.
Identification du Moedi dans l'Est de la France
Authors: Cottereau Philippe , Laval Arlette , Jeanpert A.
Published: March 2018

Une pneumonie progressive chronique du mouton a été récemment identifiée dans le département de la Moselle. Son apparition a coïncidé avec l'introduction de moutons de race Texel provenant de Hollande. L’étude des symptômes et des lésions, la recherche des anticorps dans le sérum des moutons a permis de l’identifier à la «Zwoegerziekte» ou «Maedi» décrite pour la première fois, en Islande, en 1948.
Données récentes concernant la mammomonogamose en Amérique et aux Antilles
Authors: Euzéby Jacques , Graber M. , Gevrey J. , Mejia A.
Published: March 2018

Les auteurs font le point de la situation actuelle, caractérisée par l’extension du foyer Caraïbe de Mammomonogamose bovine à Cuba, au Guatemala et au Mexique, et par l’existence d'une très forte aire d'endémicité chez l’homme, en Martinique ; chez l'homme, la localisation des parasites est essentiellement bronchique.

Les études entreprises en vue d’élucider le cycle évolutif du parasite Mammomonogamus nasicola aux Antilles sont restées infructueuses.
Réponses cellulaires du veau lors d’infection par le virus de la rhinotrachéite infectieuse
Authors: Lejan Ch , Salmon Henri
Published: March 2018

Le veau de 8 j infecté par voie intra-nasale avec du virus de l’IBR présente dans son sang des lymphocytes qui réagissent lors d’un contact in vitro avec le virus inactivé : d’une part par une augmentation de leur synthèse d’ADN (révélée par le test d’incorporation de thymidine), d’autre part par la capacité qu’ont certains d’entre eux de former des rosettes thermostables avec des hématies de mouton.

On met en évidence une cinétique de la sensibilisation du lymphocytes au virus infectant : cette réactivité apparaît au 7e j pour disparaître vers le 14e j après l’inoculation.
Systèmes informatiques et phénomènes biomédicaux
Authors: Barrairon E. P.
Published: March 2018

Les calculateurs électroniques sont susceptibles d'apporter des possibilités nouvelles dans l’interprétation des phénomènes bio-médicaux.

Le processus général d’utilisation est le suivant :

Phénomènes —► capteurs —► données analogiques —► convertisseurs —► données numériques —► calculateurs —► résultats.

Les exemples cités sont la tomodensitométrie, l'échographie ultrasonore, des méthodes rapides d'analyse microbiologique. Des systèmes informatiques plus performants et moins onéreux devraient connaître une large diffusion dont la Médecine vétérinaire pourrait bénéficier.
Résistance des souris immunisées, avec des Brucella tuées, contre une épreuve intra-veineuse, intrapéritonéale ou sous-cutanée de Brucella abortus
Authors: Pardon Pierre , Marly J.
Published: March 2018

Des souris sont immunisées par une injection sous-cutanée de 108 Brucella abortus inactivées par la chaleur, puis éprouvées 1 mois après par 9 x 104 B. abortus viables injectées par voie veineuse, péritonéale ou sous-cutanée plantaire. Le devenir des Brucella d’épreuve chez les souris immunisées est comparé à celui observé chez des souris témoins. Seule la voie sous-cutanée plantaire permet une étude quantitative aisée des phases régionale et générale de la dissémination des Brucella.
Application d’une technique d’immunofluorescence au diagnostic sérologique de la Chlamydiose des petits ruminants
Authors: Russo R. , Vitu C. , Lambert M. , Giauffret A.
Published: March 2018

A fluorescent antibody test, suitable for the sérodiagnostic of caprine and ovine chlamydiosis is proposed ; the antigen used is prepared with cell cultures infected by a Chlamydia strain. This test, the specificity of which is good, must be useful for immunological purposes.
Superstition et conséquences écologiques lointaines
Authors: Rossi Paul
Published: March 2018

According to an superstition, an intestinal pebble (Bézoard) was a miraculous and wonderful medicament, against almost every diseases peste, cancer, bronchitis (and son on). The price of the medicament being very height, the poor animal was hunted and destroyed in France, Italy, Austria, Bayern, Switzerland.
Stérilisation des champs opératoires en non tissé par le glutaraldéhyde
Authors: Lesaffre R.
Published: March 2018

The glutaraldéhyde, buffered with sodium bicarbonate, used at a 2 p. 100 solution, is a good steriliser for operative fields, in unweaved material, as well as surgical instruments optic material, and rubber. The lasting of immersion is 6 mn. Drying is performed by using a common wringer.
Optimal Design of Galvanic Corrosion Protection Systems for Offshore Wind Turbine Support Structures
Authors: Sarhadi Ali , Abrahamsen Asger Bech , Stolpe Mathias
Published: March 2018

The current work addresses a mass/cost-optimization procedure for galvanic anode cathodic protection systems based on both cathodic protection (CP) standards and numerical simulation. An approach is developed for optimizing the number and dimensions of the galvanic anodes, distributing the optimized anodes on the support structure, and finally evaluating the protective potential on the structure during the lifetime by using finite element (FE) software. An algorithm based on sequential quadratic programming is used for optimizing the number and dimensions of the anodes. Both simplified and detailed models are suggested for calculating the protective potential on the structure. The simplified model is selected based on its advantages in terms of calculation time and compatibility with DNV standard data. A time-dependent FE model is used to take into account the electrical isolation degradation of the structure coating as well as the mass reduction of the anodes during the CP lifetime. The performance of the proposed optimization process is examined on a mono bucket inspired (with some simplifications) by the Dogger Bank metrological mast in England. The optimized designs for different coating and anode types are compared and the best designs in terms of both cost and protective potential during the lifetime are suggested. The achieved results show that the proposed optimization procedure can reduce the cost of the CP system around 70% compared to the original non-optimized CP design of the Dogger Bank metrological mast. Furthermore, evaluating the time-evolution performance of the CP systems can reduce their lifetime uncertainty.
Conservadurismo y orientación política, ¿su relación es similar en Latinoamérica y Occidente?
Authors: Solano Silva Dante
Published: March 2018

El estudio examina las relaciones entre la orientación política y las dimensiones psicológicas del conservadurismo (Resistencia al cambio y Aceptación de la desigualdad) en 6 países occidentales y 8 latinoamericanos. La orientación política es medida a través de dos indicadores - el posicionamiento de izquierda-derecha y las actitudes hacia la igualdad de ingresos -, y el conservadurismo es medido a través de los valores relacionados a la Conservación y a la Auto-promoción. Los resultados señalan que ambas dimensiones del conservadurismo se relacionan de manera consistente a la orientación política en culturas occidentales, mientras que en Latinoamérica no se encuentra un patrón claro de asociación. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de la evidencia transcultural en psicología política.
Cavitons and spontaneous hot flow anomalies in a hybrid-Vlasov global magnetospheric simulation
Authors: Blanco-Cano Xochitl , Battarbee Markus , Turc Lucile , Dimmock Andrew P. , Kilpua Emilia K. J. , Hoilijoki Sanni , Ganse Urs , Sibeck David G. , Cassak Paul A. , Fear Robert C. , Jarvinen Riku , Juusola Liisa , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Vainio Rami , Palmroth Minna
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this paper we present the first identification of foreshock cavitons and the formation of spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) with the Vlasiator global magnetospheric hybrid-Vlasov simulation code. In agreement with previous studies we show that cavitons evolve into SHFAs. In the presented run, this occurs very near the bow shock. We report on SHFAs surviving the shock crossing into the downstream region, and show that the interaction of SHFAs with the bow shock can lead to the formation of a magnetosheath cavity, previously identified in observations and simulations. We report on the first identification of long-term local weakening and erosion of the bow shock, associated with a region of increased foreshock SHFA and caviton formation, and repeated shock crossings by them. We show that SHFAs are linked to an increase in suprathermal particle pitch-angles spreads. The realistic length scales in our simulation allow us to present a statistical study of global caviton and SHFA size distributions, and their comparable size distributions support the theory that SHFAs are formed from cavitons. Virtual spacecraft observations are shown to be in good agreement with observational studies.
Tripolar electric field Structure in guide field magnetic reconnection
Authors: Fu Song , Huang Shiyong , Zhou Meng , Ni Binbin , Deng Xiaohua
Published: March 2018

Abstract. It has been shown that the guide field substantially
modifies the structure of the reconnection layer. For instance, the Hall
magnetic and electric fields are distorted in guide field reconnection
compared to reconnection without guide fields (i.e., anti-parallel
reconnection). In this paper, we performed 2.5-D electromagnetic full
particle simulation to study the electric field structures in magnetic
reconnection under different initial guide fields (Bg).
Once the amplitude of a guide field exceeds 0.3 times the asymptotic magnetic
field B0, the traditional bipolar Hall electric field is clearly
replaced by a tripolar electric field, which consists of a newly emerged
electric field and the bipolar Hall electric field. The newly emerged
electric field is a convective electric field about one ion inertial length
away from the neutral sheet. It arises from the disappearance of the Hall
electric field due to the substantial modification of the magnetic field and
electric current by the imposed guide field. The peak magnitude of this new
electric field increases linearly with the increment of guide field strength.
Possible applications of these results to space observations are also
discussed. Keywords. Space plasma physics (magnetic reconnection)
Distribution and drivers of symbiotic and free-living diazotrophic cyanobacteria in the western tropical South Pacific
Authors: Stenegren Marcus , Caputo Andrea , Berg Carlo , Bonnet Sophie , Foster Rachel A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The abundance and distribution of cyanobacterial diazotrophs were quantified
in two regions (Melanesian archipelago, MA; and subtropical gyre, SG) of the
western tropical South Pacific using nifH quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qPCR) assays. UCYN-A1 and A2 host populations were quantified
using 18S rRNA qPCR assays including one newly developed assay. All
phylotypes were detected in the upper photic zone (0–50 m), with higher
abundances in the MA region. Trichodesmium and UCYN-B dominated and
ranged from 2.18 × 102 to 9.41 × 106 and
1.10 × 102 to 2.78 × 106 nifH copies
L−1, respectively. Het-1 (symbiont of Rhizosolenia diatoms) was
the next most abundant (1.40 × 101–1.74 × 105
nifH copies L−1) and co-occurred with het-2 and het-3. UCYN-A1
and A2 were the least abundant diazotrophs and were below detection (bd) in
63 and 79, respectively, of 120 samples. In addition, in up to 39 % of
samples in which UCYN-A1 and A2 were detected, their respective hosts were
bd.
Pairwise comparisons of the nifH abundances and various
environmental parameters supported two groups: a deep-dwelling group (45 m)
comprised of UCYN-A1 and A2 and a surface group (0–15 m) comprised of
Trichodesmium, het-1 and het-2. Temperature and photosynthetically
active radiation were positively correlated with the surface group, while
UCYN-A1 and A2 were positively correlated with depth, salinity, and oxygen.
Similarly, in a meta-analysis of 11 external datasets, all diazotrophs,
except UCYN-A were correlated with temperature. Combined, our results
indicate that conditions favoring the UCYN-A symbiosis differ from those of
diatom diazotroph associations and free-living cyanobacterial diazotrophs.
Deglacial carbon cycle changes observed in a compilation of 117 benthic δ13C time series (20–6 ka)
Authors: Peterson Carlye , Lisiecki Lorraine
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present a compilation of 117 time series δ13C records from Cibicides wuellerstorfi spanning the last deglaciation (20–6 kyr) and well-suited for reconstructing large-scale carbon cycle changes, especially for comparison with isotope-enabled carbon cycle models. The age models for the δ13C records are derived from regional planktic radiocarbon compilations (Stern and Lisiecki, 2014). The δ13C records were stacked in nine different regions and then combined using volume-weighted averages to create intermediate, deep, and global δ13C stacks. These benthic δ13C stacks are used to reconstruct mean changes in the size of the terrestrial biosphere and deep ocean carbon storage. The timing of change in global mean δ13C is interpreted to indicate terrestrial biosphere expansion from 19–6 ka. The δ13C gradient between the intermediate and deep ocean, which we interpret as a proxy for deep ocean carbon storage, matches the pattern of atmospheric CO2 change observed in ice core records. The presence of signals associated with the terrestrial biosphere and atmospheric CO2 indicates that the compiled δ13C records have sufficient spatial coverage and time resolution to accurately reconstruct large-scale carbon cycle changes during the glacial termination.
On the suitability of the Thorpe-Mason model for Calculating
Sublimation of Saltating Snow
Authors: Sharma Varun , Comola Francesco , Lehning Michael
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Thorpe and Mason (TM) model for calculating the mass lost from a sublimating snow grain is the basis of all existing small and large-scale estimates of drifting snow sublimation and the associated snow mass balance of polar and alpine regions. We revisit this model to test its validity for calculating sublimation from saltating snow grains. It is shown that numerical solutions of the unsteady mass and heat balance equations of an individual snow grain reconcile well with the steady-state solution of the TM model, albeit after a transient regime. Using large-eddy simulations (LES), it is found that the residence time of a typical saltating particle is shorter than the period of the transient regime, implying that using the steady state solution might be erroneous. For scenarios with equal air and surface temperatures, these errors range from 26 % for low-wind low-saturation conditions to 38 % for high-wind high-saturation conditions. With a small temperature perturbation of 1 K between the air and the snow surface, the errors due to the TM model are already as high as 100 % with errors increasing for larger temperature perturbations.
International Perspectives on Designing Professional Practice Doctorates Book Review
Authors: Hawkins Jacqueline
Published: March 2018

This review demonstrates how Dr. Valerie Storey and her colleagues have helped to enlighten the activities of CPED member institutions by providing a global perspective on the EdD.  Discussion links the various facets of the book to historical, structural, operational, and evaluative aspects of our future design work.  Takeaways from the review are provided for those of us who are leading the reclamation and transformation of the education doctorate.
Using Action Research as a Signature Pedagogy to Develop EdD Students’ Inquiry as Practice Abilities
Authors: Buss Ray R.
Published: March 2018

In this essay, I describe the role of action research (AR) in developing inquiry as practice among students in a CPED-guided EdD program. The essay is focused on issues such as (a) the need for developing inquiry as practice skills; (b) a rationale for using AR to develop inquiry skills; and (c) developing inquiry as practice through cycles of AR. I provide a rich, detailed description about how our faculty members have used it to develop students’ inquiry skills. The essay concludes with an examination of the challenges of using AR and a summary of its merits to prepare students’ inquiry as practice orientations and skills.
Entre magie et séduction. Une exposition d’art naïf au Musée d’art naïf, Magog, Québec
Authors: Streicher Anglade Corinne
Published: March 2018

Rapport d'exposition d'art haïtien au musée Magog, 2017,  par la commissaire, Corinne Streicher Anglade; avec un historique des collections de cet art et une indication de ses symbolismes
Islamic versus Conventional Banks Performance during the Financial Crisis: Application to the UAE
Authors: Tlemsani Issam , Nuaimi Amani Al
Published: March 2018

This research examines the financial crisis’s impact on banks’ performances in the UAE. Comparisons of the performance of Islamic and conventional banks pre/post the financial crisis are used to establish whether Islamic banks can better absorb a financial shock. This is achieved by analytical and comparative analysis using a set of profitability, liquidity, leverage, market share, and growth rate ratios for the period 2005 - 2011 for both Islamic and conventional banks in the UAE. Ten banks; four Islamic and six conventional were the data set for this research. Six hypotheses were formed to test the effect of crises on the banks. These hypotheses are tested through the banks financial ratios.The research finding provides insight into the impact of the financial crisis on the performance of both Islamic and conventional banks in the UAE.
Uma década de audiências públicas no Supremo Tribunal Federal (2007-2017)
Authors: Leal Fernando , Herdy Rachel , Massadas Júlia
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo oferece um balanço dos últimos dez anos de audiências públicas no Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil. Argumenta-se que, durante esse tempo, o instituto foi utilizado de maneira incoerente e inconsistente. A incoerência diz respeito especialmente à tentativa de atribuir ao instituto das audiências públicas a função de legitimidade democrática. Essa associação entre audiência pública e democracia pode ser criticada com base em razões normativas, referentes ao direito positivo, e conceituais. A inconsistência, por sua vez, está relacionada à operacionalização desparametrizada do instituto. Essa segunda conclusão será argumentada com a ajuda de um conjunto de análises majoritariamente quantitativas.
Effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei raised in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae
Authors: Brito Luis O. , Junior Leonidas C. , Abreu Jéssika L. , Severi William , Moraes Laenne B. S. , Galvez Alfredo O.
Published: March 2018

A trial was conducted for 42 days to evaluate the effects of two commercial feeds with high and low crude protein content on the performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultivated in an integrated biofloc system with the seaweed Gracilaria birdiae. The experiment had a 2 × 2 factorial design (a biofloc monoculture or an integrated system with 32% (low) or 40% (high) crude protein content) with the following treatments: IS32 (an integrated system using low protein commercial feed); IS40 (an integrated system using high protein commercial feed); M32 (a monoculture system using low protein commercial feed); and M40 (a monoculture system using high protein commercial feed), all in triplicate. Shrimp individuals (0.23 ± 0.04 g) were stocked at a density of 500 shrimp/m3 and no water exchange was carried out during the experimental period. No significant influence (p > 0.05) was found to be caused by the integrated system or the crude protein levels on water quality. However, a significant influence (p < 0.05) was found for final weight (3.21–4.12 g), weight gain (2.97–3.89 g), yield (1.39–1.96 kg/m3) and feed conversion ratio (1.47–1.74). Growth was similar in IS32, M40 and IS40, indicating that crude protein levels can be reduced with no adverse effect on shrimp performance variables in integrated biofloc systems with G. birdiae.
Toezicht in de Wiv 2017
Authors: Hagens Mireille
Published: March 2018

Oversight in the Intelligence and Security Services Act 2017

The new Intelligence and Security Services Act 2017 has generated a lot of criticism in The Netherlands. Although the act was adopted in parliament in July 2017, the implementation will take place in May 2018. Beforehand an advisory referendum will give the public the opportunity to express their opinion on the new act: the modernisation of the investigatory powers of the services and the strengthening of the necessary safeguards and oversight mechanisms. Both have met with their share of criticism. In this paper the focus is on the enhanced oversight mechanism. It is argued that although different choices could have been made regarding the organisation of oversight, the new system fulfills the requirements set by the European Court of Human Rights. The real question is whether the new act provides for effective and strong oversight in practice to ensure a proper balance between national security and privacy protection in this digital era. The opportunities and challenges are explored.
De ingetrokken 403-verklaring van Shell: een tactische zet?
Authors: van Dooren E.A.
Published: March 2018

De ingetrokken 403-verklaring van Shell: een tactische zet?

De afgelopen tijd berichtten de media uitgebreid over het feit dat Shell haar 403-verklaring ten aanzien van groepsmaatschappij NAM had ingetrokken. In deze column onderzoekt de auteur de (mogelijke) motieven van Shell om deze verklaring in te trekken, en wat dit betekent voor de positie van Shell met betrekking tot de aardbevingsschade in Groningen.
The Translation Crowd
Authors: Cronin Michael
Published: March 2018

Over the last few decades, translation studies have evolved from the linguistic turn of the 1960s and 1970s to the cultural turn of the 1980s and 1990s to the technological turn taken today. A quick review of the historical basis for today's approach reveals its core concept, ubiquitous computing, as well as its implications for how content should be treated and the consequences for the next generation of students. Prosumption, post-print literacy and pluri-subjectivity are key concepts to understanding the future of the discipline.
Traducir EUROPA: un caso práctico de gestión multilingüe de un sitio web
Authors: Nogueira Carlos
Published: March 2018

Aquest article fa referència a la importància del multilingüisme en les institucions de la UE i a la política de comunicació europea a través d'Internet; descriu també el funcionament de la unitat de traducció web, creada específicament a la Comissió Europea per editar i traduir els textos destinats al portal Europa. Inclou una part sobre el treball d'edició dels textos originals i una altra dedicada al punt de vista del traductor.
Localization and writing for a new medium: a review of digital style guides
Authors: Jiménez-Crespo Miguel A.
Published: March 2018

Over the last two decades, an increasing number of publications have described the differences between print and screen writing, both from prescriptive and empirical perspectives. These recommendations are of paramount importance to localizers, as the ability to adjust their writing style to different mediums, genres and communicative situations is one of the essential skills these professionals should acquire. This paper offers a review of recommendations in web and software writing style guides in order to provide a concise summary for localization professionals and trainees. The overview encompasses guidelines from language, localization type, company-specific style guides, and usability publications.
Anatomical investigation of root, stem and branch wood in 10-year-old Inga laurina in the context of anatomical adaptation to hydraulic and mechanical stresses
Authors: Longui Eduardo L. , Galão Ana T. D. , Rajput Kishore S. , de Melo Antônio C.G.
Published: March 2018

La madera varía entre las especies, desde la médula hasta la corteza, desde las raíces hasta la corona dentro de la misma planta, para garantizar la seguridad y la eficiencia hidráulica. La heterogeneidad de la madera de Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. es aquí investigada, siendo una especie que prospera bien en todos los bosques brasileños importantes. La madera de tallo de I. laurina poseía vasos estrechos; fibras de paredes gruesas; rayos más anchos, altos y en mayor frecuencia, características que proporcionan ajustes hidráulicos y mecánicos. Las fibras de paredes gruesas y menos parénquima, en comparación con la raíz, brindan la fuerza suficiente para apoyar la corona grande. Una mayor proporción de células de parénquima en las raíces da como resultado una gran capacidad de almacenamiento de almidón, que es importante para la recuperación de los brotes después del daño por fuego, común en el Cerrado.

Wood varies between species, from pith to bark, roots to crown within the same plant to ensure hydraulic safety and efficiency. Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd. is investigated herewith for the structural heterogeneity of the wood, since this species thrives well in all major forests of Brazil. I. laurina stem wood possessed narrow vessels; thick walled fibres; wider, taller and higher frequency of rays, features that provide hydraulic and mechanical adjustments. Thick walled fibres and less parenchyma as compared to root provide enough strength to stem to support the large crown. Higher proportion of parenchyma cells in roots results in a high storage capacity for starch, which is important for the shoot recovery after fire damage, common in the Cerrado.
УТИЦАЈ КЕТОПРОФЕНА НА БРОЈ НЕУТРОФИЛНИХ ГРАНУЛОЦИТА И ЛИМФОЦИТА У РАНОЈ ЛАКТАЦИЈИ КОД КРАВА
Authors: Ковачевић З. , Стојановић Д. , Белић Б. , Плавша Н. , Цинцовић М. , Давидов И. , Ердељан Михајло
Published: March 2018

Проналажење решења за смањење учесталости здравствених проблема иинфламације током периода ране лактације је важно. Кетопрофен се свакоднев-но користи у ветеринарској пракси против инфламације. Циљ студије је био дасе утврди утицај апликације кетопрофена на број неутрофилних гранулоцитаи лимфоцита у крви крава. Истраживање је спроведено на 30 крава. Огледнојгрупи је апликован кетопрофен у дози од 3 мг/кг т.м. Узорци крви су узети трипута. Примећено је смањење броја неутрофилних гранулоцита и лимфоцита укрви млечних крава током периода ране лактације којима је апликован кето-профен у односу на контролну групу што може бити последица антиинфлама-торног ефекта кетопрофена.
Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis from dental origin: Case report
Authors: Bravo José Humberto , Agudelo Andrés Mauricio , Cortés Armando , Matta Lorena
Published: March 2018

La mucormicosis es una infección aguda causada por hongos oportunistas pertenecientes al orden de los mucorales, que afecta principalmente a pacientes diabéticos e inmunosuprimidos.Se reporta el caso de un hombre diabético de 63 años de edad, que se extrajo una pieza dental por sus propios medios y, posteriormente, desarrolló una mucormicosis rino-órbito-cerebral con afección cutánea y palatina. La especie aislada mediante cultivos micológicos fue Rhizopus sp.
Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii in a late kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Nieto-Ríos John Fredy , Zuluaga-Quintero Mónica , Aristizábal-Alzate Arbey , Ocampo-Kohn Catalina , Serna-Higuita Lina María , Ramírez-Sánchez Isabel Cristina , Zuluaga-Valencia Gustavo Adolfo
Published: March 2018

La neumonitis por Pneumocystis jirovecii es una infección infrecuente en pacientes con trasplante de riñón, que se presenta de forma aguda y puede progresar rápidamente hasta la insuficiencia respiratoria y la muerte. El período de mayor riesgo es el de los primeros seis meses después del trasplante, y se asocia con las altas dosis de medicamentos inmunosupresores que reciben los pacientes. La condición también puede presentarse de manera tardía, asociada con la suspensión de la profilaxis con trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol.Se reportan dos casos de pacientes con trasplante renal que presentaron insuficiencia respiratoria hipoxémica grave por P. jirovecii pasados seis años del trasplante, y que fueron tratados con trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol y esteroides. Uno de los pacientes murió y el otro se recuperó sin que hubiera efectos en la función del injerto renal.
Detección y expresión de superantígenos y de resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos obtenidos de mujeres portadoras de Staphylococcus aureus que cuidan y alimentan niños
Authors: Guaca-González Yina Marcela , Flórez-Restrepo Gladys Fernanda , Moncayo-Ortíz José Ignacio , Santacruz-Ibarra Jorge , Álvarez-Aldana Adalucy
Published: March 2018

Introducción. Staphylococcus aureus coloniza mucosas y piel, y causa graves infecciones en el hombre y los animales. Es importante establecer el estatus de portadoras de cepas enterotoxigénicas de este microorganismo en manipuladoras de alimentos, con el fin de prevenir intoxicaciones alimentarias.Objetivo. Establecer las correlaciones entre los genes de enterotoxinas clásicas, el gen tsst-1, la producción de toxinas en cultivo y la resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos de S. aureus provenientes de manipuladoras de alimentos que cuidan niños en sus comunidades.Materiales y métodos. Se cultivaron muestras de las fosas nasales y las yemas de los dedos de las manos, y se identificó S. aureus empleando las pruebas de rutina y métodos automatizados. La extracción de ADN se hizo mediante el método de bromuro de cetil-trimetil-amonio (Cetyl-Trimethyl-Ammonium Bromide, CTAB) modificado. Para la detección de superantígenos se emplearon pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) simple y múltiple, y para la de toxinas, estuches comerciales.Resultados. Se encontró que el 22,0 % de los aislamientos correspondía a portadoras de S. aureus: 17,0 % en los aislamientos de fosas nasales; 5,0 % en los de las manos y 6,7 % simultáneamente en los dos sitios. La prevalencia de superantígenos fue de 73,7 %. El genotipo más frecuente fue el seatsst-1, con 10,0 %. La resistencia a un solo antibiótico fue de 74,7 % y, a cuatro antibióticos, de 3,2 %; de los aislamientos, el 93,7 % correspondía a cepas productoras de betalactamasas. La detección de genes clásicos y de tsst-1 mediante PCR fue de 48,4 % y la de toxinas en el sobrenadante, de 42,1 %,con una correlación de 95,7 %. Las mayores correlaciones se establecieron entre las toxinas TSST-1 (22/22) y SEA (17/18). La correlación del gen tsst-1 con la proteína y la resistencia fue de 100 %. Todos los aislamientos con el genotipo sea-tsst-1 t fueron resistentes y productores de las toxinas.Conclusión. La tasa de aislamientos de S. aureus toxigénicos y resistentes obtenidos de mujeres que cuidan y preparan alimentos para niños fue de más de 70 %, lo que demostró su gran virulencia y la consecuente necesidad de aplicar estrictamente las normas higiénicas y sanitarias vigentes para evitar el riesgo de intoxicación alimentaria.
The impact of different agroecological conditions on the nutritional composition of quinoa seeds
Authors: Reguera María , Conesa Carlos Manuel , Gil-Gómez Alejandro , Haros Claudia Mónika , Pérez-Casas Miguel Ángel , Briones-Labarca Vilbett , Bolaños Luis , Bonilla Ildefonso , Álvarez Rodrigo , Pinto Katherine , Mujica Ángel , Bascuñán-Godoy Luisa
Published: March 2018

Quinoa cultivation has been expanded around the world in the last decade and is considered an exceptional crop with the potential of contributing to food security worldwide. The exceptional nutritional value of quinoa seeds relies on their high protein content, their amino acid profile that includes a good balance of essential amino acids, the mineral composition and the presence of antioxidants and other important nutrients such as fiber or vitamins. Although several studies have pointed to the influence of different environmental stresses in certain nutritional components little attention has been paid to the effect of the agroecological context on the nutritional properties of the seeds what may strongly impact on the consumer food’s quality. Thus, aiming to evaluate the effect of the agroecological conditions on the nutritional profile of quinoa seeds we analyzed three quinoa cultivars (Salcedo-INIA, Titicaca and Regalona) at different locations (Spain, Peru and Chile). The results revealed that several nutritional parameters such as the amino acid profile, the protein content, the mineral composition and the phytate amount in the seeds depend on the location and cultivar while other parameters such as saponin or fiber were more stable across locations. Our results support the notion that nutritional characteristics of seeds may be determined by seed’s origin and further analysis are needed to define the exact mechanisms that control the changes in the seeds nutritional properties.
Immunological Basis of Symptomatology in Ocular Diseases
Authors: Awasthi Upma , Mohan Shalini
Published: March 2018

Hypersensitivity reactions are our own immune responses to various triggering factors. These immune responses result in different clinical presentations of various ocular diseases. Various cytokines, interleukins are responsible for a myriad of symptoms and thus our therapy should be targeted on specific immunological pathways. In this article we have summarized various ocular diseases with the causative immune pathways thus simplifying the underlying cause. This article will help in understanding why similar looking diseases may have requirement for different modalities of treatment or why similar medications may work in different ocular diseases.
Evaluation of Functional Outcome of Silicone Intubation on Patency of Lacrimal System in Canalicular Obstruction and Revision Surgeries
Authors: Joshi Rashmi , Maharia Sarita , Kochar Anju
Published: March 2018

Purpose:-

The purpose of the present study is to report authors’ experience of functional outcome of Silicone intubation on patency of lacrimal system in canalicular obstruction and revision surgeries.

Materials and Methods:-

This study was conducted at Sardar Patel Medical College from January 2015 to March 2017. A total of 32 cases were enrolled in this study. Twelve patients of canalicular block and 20 patients of various failed DCR techniques were recruited for the study. Two patients had failed DCR twice, and 18 patients had failed DCR once. Twelve of these previous failed DCR were endoscopic DCR, and 6 were external dacryocystorhinostomy (E-DCR). All cases were operated by a single surgeon using the same technique of intubation.

Results:-

In our study we found that Silicone intubation is an effective method for treating canalicular block and failed DCR. Silicone tube is soft, relatively inert, and flexible, causing minimal injury to the delicate canaliculi and nasal mucosa. It maintained duct patency by maintaining an opening.
The main outcome measures were the resolution of epiphora and the anatomical and functional successes by patency on follow up.

Conclusion:-

The success rates reported for silicone intubation range from 69% to 100% in various studies. The 94.5% success rate noted in the present study is entirely comparable to these previously reported results, with minimal complication.
Lenses in Glaucoma
Authors: Singh Aditi , Menon Meena
Published: March 2018

Lenses and mirrors have always been an integral part of an ophthalmologist’s armamentarium. Since time immemorial curious minds have been trying to peep inside the eye using various techniques, be it indentation of the limbus and using direct ophthalmoscope as done by Trantas1 or using contact lenses meant for correction of keratoconus, as done by Salzmann2 for viewing the anterior chamber angle. With the invention of slit lamp, microscopes and various lenses / mirrors which are much easier to handle, visualization of ocular structures have become quite easy. In glaucoma, these lenses/mirrors have come in handy for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of various conditions such as diagnosis of angle closure, performing peripheral iridotomy, laser trabeculoplasty and laser suterolysis, to name a few.
Essentials of Biostatistics
Authors: Bali Jatinder , Bali Renu T. , Gupta Y. K.
Published: March 2018

Statistics is that branch of science which deals with the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data. It is the study of the methods of collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, organization, summarizing and drawing conclusions from data. It has applications in everyday life because the access to data has increased tremendously. Medical students are frequently overwhelmed with numbers. However, to make sense of the ubiquitous journal clubs, recent advances and for making decisions in clinical practice it is essential to be conversant with the techniques, their interpretations and their limitations in statistics. This article briefly covers the ground zero and aims at removing the fear of the unknown.
A Rare Case Of Unilateral Adult Onset Coats’ Disease
Authors: Mahajan Sonam , Patel Ohm , Sharma Rahul , Kumar Vivek
Published: March 2018

Coats’ disease is typically seen in childhood and less commonly among adults. The Adult onset form is manifested by various findings typical of Coats’ disease which include the unilateral nature of the disease, male predominance, vascular telangiectasis, lipid exudation, macular edema, and areas of capillary nonperfusion with adjacent webs of filigree like capillaries. We hereby report a case of a 55 year old male who presented with a visual acuity of 6/6 in both the eyes. Fundus examination revealed localised superotemporal, midperipheral telangiectatic vessles surrounded by hard exudates with exudative retinal detachment in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed leakage from the telangiectatic vessels along with capillary non perfusion areas. A provisional diagnosis of Coats’ disease was made. The lesion responded well to focal laser photocoagulation.
The Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement
Authors: Vidari Giovanni , Chiodi Debora , Porta Alessio , Zanoni Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

The Meyer–Schuster rearrangement corresponds to a formal 1,3‐shift of a propargylic alcohol to afford the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compound via tautomerization of an allenol intermediate. The original acidic and harsh conditions have been replaced with mild and selective conditions that are compatible with a variety of functional and protecting groups. Commonly employed strategies include the activation of propargylic alcohols as esters, transition‐metal catalysis (e.g., gold complexes and oxometal complexes), and the C–H bond activation of terminal propargylic alcohols by transition‐metal insertion. The Meyer–Schuster rearrangement has been extended to all classes of propargylic alcohols and esters, including Csp‐heteroatom‐substituted alkynols, as well as to propargylic amine derivatives (i.e., the aza‐Meyer–Schuster rearrangement). Moreover, the rearrangement can be employed in inter‐ and intramolecular one‐pot consecutive reactions, wherein multiple carbon–carbon and/or carbon–heteroatom bonds are formed.

The Meyer–Schuster reaction exhibits a high atom economy, simple experimental procedures, and good‐to‐excellent product yields and stereoselectivities. Moreover, starting materials are easily accessible, and any toxic metals are employed in substoichiometric amounts. As such, the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement compares favorably with other standard protocols, such as the Wittig reaction, for the preparation of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and derivatives.

This review covers the literature since the identification of the reaction up to the end of 2020 and includes relevant references through November 2023. Both the mechanistic features and the regio‐ and stereoselectivity issues are discussed as they relate to the reaction conditions. The scope and limitations of the reaction are presented, as are a selection of synthetic applications, several general experimental procedures, and a comparison of the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement with other known methods. Finally, the tabular survey highlights the broad range of starting materials and products possible with the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement.
Cryo‐EM structures of the zinc transporters ZnT3 and ZnT4 provide insights into their transport mechanisms
Authors: Ishida Hanako , Yo Riri , Zhang Zhikuan , Shimizu Toshiyuki , Ohto Umeharu
Published: October 2024

Zinc transporters (ZnTs) act as H+/Zn2+ antiporters, crucial for zinc homeostasis. Brain‐specific ZnT3 expressed in synaptic vesicles transports Zn2+ from the cytosol into vesicles and is essential for neurotransmission, with ZnT3 dysfunction associated with neurological disorders. Ubiquitously expressed ZnT4 localized to lysosomes facilitates the Zn2+ efflux from the cytosol to lysosomes, mitigating the cell injury risk. Despite their importance, the structures and Zn2+ transport mechanisms remain unclear. We characterized the three‐dimensional structures of human ZnT3 (inward‐facing) and ZnT4 (outward‐facing) using cryo‐electron microscopy. By combining these structures, we assessed the conformational changes that could occur within the transmembrane domain during Zn2+ transport. Our results provide a structural basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the H+/Zn2+ exchange mechanisms exhibited by ZnTs.
Assembly of glioblastoma tumoroids and cerebral organoids: a 3Din vitro model for tumor cell invasion
Authors: Kim Jieun , Kim Rokhyun , Lee Wonseok , Kim Gyu Hyun , Jeon Seeun , Lee Yun Jin , Lee Jong Seok , Kim Kyung Hyun , Won Jae‐Kyung , Lee Woochan , Park Kyunghyuk , Kim Hyun Je , Im Sun‐Wha , Lee Kea Joo , Park Chul‐Kee , Kim Jong‐Il , Lee Ji Yeoun
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) has a fatal prognosis because of its aggressive and invasive characteristics. Understanding the mechanism of invasion necessitates an elucidation of the relationship between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. However, there has been a scarcity of suitable models to investigate this. In this study, we established a glioblastoma‐cerebral organoid assembloid (GCOA) model by co‐culturing patient‐derived GBM tumoroids and human cerebral organoids. Tumor cells from the tumoroids infiltrated the cerebral organoids, mimicking the invasive nature of the parental tumors. Using time‐lapse imaging, various invasion patterns of cancer cells within cerebral organoids resembling a normal tissue milieu were monitored. Both single‐ and collective‐cell invasion was captured in real‐time. We also confirmed the formation of an intercellular tumor network and tumor–normal‐cell interactions. Furthermore, the transcriptomic characterization of GCOAs revealed distinct features of invasive tumor cells. Overall, this study established the GCOA as a three‐dimensional (3D) in vitro assembloid model to investigate invasion mechanisms and interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment.