bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Solution for Social Education - Free Open Source Software Teaching through E-Learning Framework
Authors: Aslam Shabnam Mohamed
Published: November 2021

E-learning is one of the predominant disciplines in the current era as every action of the normal human becomes online. Besides, E-learning pedagogy plays a major role in the Social Service paradigm in such a way that giving free education through the web on-demand. The work aims to focus on providing free online workshops and tutorials on software development tools to various other Universities, colleges, schools in and around Majmaa and Riyadh as part of community service to society. The users of the system are faculty, students of other Institutes and schools. The faculties and students who undergo the MUE-Learning can acquire the knowledge of currently available (FOSS) Free Open Source Software and how to use them to develop software applications. The framework includes the preparation of teaching-learning materials, online teaching, and student's assessments. The LMS tool Blackboard is embedded with the proposed framework to enable online teaching. Using the framework, the impact of FOSS education to the school and University students were measured through qualitative and quantitative parameters and proven that more than 75% of success in teaching Free-Open-Source-Technologies to variety of education institutes in and around Majmaa, KSA. Moreover, the comparison on the knowledge gathering in between male and female through different study modes synchronous and asynchronous teaching-learning was statistically tested and results are discussed. The approach meets the challenges of obtaining innovative and effective learning.
Managing the Russian Agro-Industrial Complex During the Pandemic in the Context of Digitalization
Authors: O.V. Vaganova , N.E. Solovjeva , R.M. Tamov
Published: November 2021

The article proves that the agro-industrial complex of Russia is a set of industries connected by economic relations in the field of agricultural production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of agricultural products. In the context of the pandemic, the sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex of any country can be significantly shaken, but the conducted study proved that these adverse conditions did not have a significant impact on the Russian agricultural complex. To develop fundamental science in the field of agriculture, the authors present a graphical interpretation of the interaction of factors that affect the performance of the agro-industrial complex, as well as propose a model of the management structure at the state level, based on the characteristic aspects of the agro-industrial complex management. One of the key factors in ensuring the profitability of agricultural enterprises is subsidies allocated from budgets of various levels. Therefore, the article pays great attention to legislative materials reflecting the financing of agricultural producers' activities.
Therapeutic maps for a sensor-based evaluation of deep brain stimulation programming
Authors: Bremm Rene Peter , Berthold Christophe , Krüger Rejko , Koch Klaus Peter , Gonçalves Jorge , Hertel Frank
Published: November 2021

Programming in deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a labour-intensive process for treating advanced motor symptoms. Specifically for patients with medication-refractory tremor in multiple sclerosis (MS). Wearable sensors are able to detect some manifestations of pathological signs, such as intention tremor in MS. However, methods are needed to visualise the response of tremor to DBS parameter changes in a clinical setting while patients perform the motor task finger-to-nose. To this end, we attended DBS programming sessions of a MS patient and intention tremor was effectively quantified by acceleration amplitude and frequency. A new method is introduced which results in the generation of therapeutic maps for a systematic review of the programming procedure in DBS. The maps visualise the combination of tremor acceleration power, clinical rating scores, total electrical energy delivered to the brain and possible side effects. Therapeutic maps have not yet been employed and could lead to a certain degree of standardisation for more objective decisions about DBS settings. The maps provide a base for future research on visualisation tools to assist physicians who frequently encounter patients for DBS therapy.
What does solid spelling reveal about cognition? Evidence from Middle Low German
Authors: Hübener Carlotta J.
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the diachronic evolution of lexically complex graphemic units in Middle Low German – sequences that once occurred written as one word, but from today’s perspective are considered separate linguistic units. Examples are enwolde ‘did not want’ or isset ‘is it’. This phenomenon has received little attention, although it gives direct insight into the word concept of German and its diachronic change. The central question is what favors the perception of multiple words as a unit. Data from the Reference Corpus Middle Low German/Low Rhenish (1200–1650) show that it is mainly function words that occur in lexically complex graphemic units. Moreover, this study shows that besides from prosodic patterns, agreement and government relations reinforce lexical sequences to be perceived as linguistic units.
Modeling and spectral analysis of high speed optical fiber communication with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
Authors: Galmecha Demissie Jobir , Hora Bekele Tesema , Singh Ram Sewak
Published: November 2021

Optical communication has emerged as the best solution to high-speed transmission systems due to its higher bandwidth and higher data rates. The higher data rates with simple transmitter and receiver modeling are one of the best solutions to design the spectrally efficient high-speed optical transmission system using different modulation techniques. In the recent past, optical communication networks have been specifically designed and optimized to support different communication standards increasing the capabilities of optic fiber, integrated waveguides, and related optical fiber hardware, and signal conditioning circuits. So, this research paper presents a study, modeling, simulation, and analysis of optical performance under different transmission systems which are considered in a practical high-speed design using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This can be done by using both coherent detection OFDM and direct detection OFDM to minimize dispersion effects in optical communication because OFDM is basic for modern technology to increase the data rate and increase the requirement of bandwidth in broadband services. Many optical fiber problems, such as chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are solved using OFDM. The performance analyses made in this work by using different parameters such as bit error rate (BER), optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), quality (Q) factor at different distance transmission by using different quadrature modulation such as 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, and 64-QAM to maintain the OSNR value, spectral efficiency, and the required data rates. The simulated results have shown that the coherent detection OFDM and direct detection OFDM with considered QAM provides the best value of BER and quality of the signal at a specific distance.
Identification of a novel mutation in the PHKA2 gene in a child with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Beyzaei Zahra , Ezgu Fatih , Imanieh Mohammad Hadi , Geramizadeh Bita
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by various enzyme deficiencies. GSD type IX α2, the most common subtype of GSD IX, is due to a deficiency of hepatic phosphorylase kinase. Herein we will report a novel mutation in this disease with an unusual presentation.

Case presentation

we describe a 3-year-old boy who suffered from hepatomegaly, fatty liver disease, and liver cirrhosis. The cause of cirrhosis at a young age was unknown based on the laboratory data and liver biopsy, so we performed a targeted-gene sequencing (TGS) covering 450 genes involved in inborn metabolic diseases consisting of glycogen storage disorders genes with hepatic involvement. He was found out to have a rare novel pathogenic variant in the PHKA2 gene.

Conclusions

This novel variant c.2226+2T > C expands the mutational spectrum of the PHKA2 gene. Also, severe liver damage (cirrhosis) in patients with GSD- IX α2 has rarely been reported, which needs further discussion. We hypothesize that unidentified PHKA2 variants may be a rare cause of childhood liver cirrhosis.
High-detectivity tin disulfide nanowire photodetectors with manipulation of localized ferroelectric polarization field
Authors: Zheng Dingshan , Wang Hailu , Chen Ruoling , Li Long , Guo Jiaxiang , Gu Yue , Zubair Muhammad M. , Yu Xiangxiang , Jiang Long , Zhu Desheng , Xiong Yan , Zhang Han , Yang Wen-Xing , Miao Jinshui
Published: November 2021

Tin sulfide semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been widely investigated for photodetection applications because of their good optical and electrical properties. Herein, we synthesized n-type SnS2 NWs and then fabricated SnS2 NW photodetectors with a ferroelectric polymer side-gate. The strong electric field induced by ferroelectric polymer can effectively suppress the dark current and improve the detectivity in SnS2 NW photodetectors. The photodetectors after polarization depletion exhibit a high photoconductive gain of 4.0 × 105 and a high responsivity of 2.1 × 105 A W−1. Compared with devices without polarization depletion, the detectivity of polarization-depleted photodetectors is improved by at least two orders of magnitude, and the highest detectivity is 1.3 × 1016 Jones. Further, the rise and fall time are 56 and 91 ms respectively, which are about tens of times faster than those without polarization depletion. The device also shows a good spectral response from ultraviolet to near-infrared. This study demonstrates that ferroelectric materials can enhance optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional semiconductors for high-performance photodetectors.
Dynamic aerosol and dynamic air-water interface curvature effects on a 2-Gbit/s free-space optical link using orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing
Authors: Song Haoqian , Zhang Runzhou , Hu Nanzhe , Zhou Huibin , Su Xinzhou , Song Hao , Zou Kaiheng , Pang Kai , Liu Cong , Park Daeyoung , Lynn Brittany , Gbur Greg , Dogariu Aristide , Watkins Richard J. , Miller Jerome K. , Johnson Eric , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: November 2021

When an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) beam propagates through the dynamic air–water interface, the aerosol above the water and the water surface curvature could induce various degradations (e.g., wavefront distortion, beam wandering, scattering, and absorption). Such time-varying degradations could affect the received intensity and phase profiles of the OAM beams, resulting in dynamic modal power loss and modal power coupling. We experimentally investigate the degradation for a single OAM beam under dynamic aerosol, dynamic curvature, and their comprehensive effects. Our results show the following: (i) with the increase of the aerosol strength (characterized by the attenuation coefficient) from ∼0 to ∼0.7–1.3 dB/cm over ∼7 cm, the power coupling ratio from OAM −1 to +2 increases by 4 dB, which might be due to the amplitude and phase distortion caused by spatially dependent scattering and absorption. (ii) With the increase of the curvature strength (characterized by the variance of curvature slope over time) from ∼0 to ∼2 × 10−5 rad2, the power coupling ratio from OAM −1 to +2 increases by 11 dB. This could be caused by both the wavefront distortion and the beam wandering. (iii) Under the comprehensive effect of aerosol (∼0.1–0.6 dB/cm) and curvature (∼6 × 10−7 rad2), there is an up to 2 dB higher modal power loss as compared with the single-effect cases. (iv) The received power on OAM −1 fluctuates in a range of ∼6 dB within a 220 ms measurement time under aerosol (∼0.1–0.6 dB/cm) and curvature (∼6 × 10−7 rad2) effects due to the dynamic degradations. We also demonstrate an OAM −1 and +2 multiplexed 2-Gbit/s on–off-keying link under dynamic aerosol and curvature effects. The results show a power penalty of ∼3 dB for the bit-error-rate at the 7% forward-error-correction limit under the comprehensive effect of aerosol (∼0.1–0.6 dB/cm) and curvature (∼6 × 10−7 rad2), compared with the no-effect case.
Interlaminar fracture toughness properties of hybrid glass fiber-reinforced composite interlayered with carbon nanotube using electrospray deposition
Authors: Mohd Sabri Fatin Nur Amirah , Zakaria Muhammad Razlan , Md Akil Hazizan , Abidin Mohd Shukur Zainol , Ab Rahman Aslina Anjang , Omar Mohd Firdaus
Published: November 2021

The electrospray deposition (ESD) method was used to deposit carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the surface of glass fiber (GF). The morphology of the hybrid CNTs-GF was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope, and the images indicated that the CNTs were uniformly and homogenously deposited onto the GF’s surface. Laminated composite based on GF and hybrid CNTs-GF were then fabricated via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The mode I interlaminar fracture toughness was measured using the double cantilever beam test method. The hybrid CNTs-GF showed a 34% increase in fracture toughness relative to the control sample. The mechanism of interlaminar fracture toughness enhancement was elucidated via fractography, where fiber bridging, adhesive and cohesive failures, hackles, and coarse matrix surface were observed along the crack pathways.
Analyse sémiotique de l’index de livre : Étude de la construction complexe et unique d’un paratexte
Authors: da Sylva Lyne
Published: November 2021

Le présent article décortique, avec une approche sémiotique, l’index que l’on retrouve à la fin d’un livre (back-of-the-book indexen anglais). L’objectif est double : faire ressortir les processus de signification en jeu dans l’index et reconnaître la création sémiotique réalisée par l’analyste documentaire. L’index est un assemblage de signes, soit les vedettes, les localisateurs ainsi que diverses caractéristiques de la représentation spatiale ; leur signifiant (mots, nombres) renvoie à leur signifié respectif (concept, localisation). L’index dans sa totalité représente un texte sémiotique, d’un genre spécifique, et dont l’interprétation repose non seulement sur les expressions linguistiques elles-mêmes, mais aussi sur la structure des entrées et sur les liens tissés avec les passages de l’ouvrage indexé. L’index peut paraître une structure objective, proposant une version épurée et stable du contenu d’un document. Or, l’analyse sémiotique proposée ici révélera d’une part la structure malléable de l’index et d’autre part l’interprétation flexible et la subjectivité injectées dans sa construction. Après une description plus approfondie du contexte et de la problématique, nous décrivons d’abord l’aspect formel de l’index, soit les signes impliqués et la manière dont ils sont agencés. Nous abordons ensuite l’aspect interprétatif de l’index, notamment les facteurs qui influencent son interprétation. Ceci nous amène à décrire en détail la structure logique de l’index. Cet exercice un peu scolaire d’un outil qui peut sembler familier permettra de mettre en lumière des jeux de signification normalement passés sous silence.
Instability in regime switching models
Authors: Chen Pu , Hsiao Chih-Ying , Semmler Willi
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we look at the instability of a self-exciting regime-switching autoregressive model, specifically regime-switching models that are locally stable in each of their regimes. It turns out that the local stability of each regime is insufficient to ensure the overall stability of the model. The instability’s mechanism is described, and a sufficient condition for the instability is provided.
TURKEY’s «SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP» WITH THE TALIBAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EU AND NATO
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Shumilin Alexander
Published: November 2021

The article focuses on two international political aspects of the radical changes in the situation in Afghanistan after the seizure of power there by the Taliban: the problem of legalizing the new government through its recognition by other states, first, and Ankara’s intensified efforts to establish «special relations» with the Taliban, second. The attempts of the latter to achieve their recognition on the world stage have at the moment not led to the desired result for them. Neither the «collective West», nor Russia, China and the countries of the Middle East and Central Asia are in a hurry to recognize the government of the group classified by the UN as a terrorist organization. At the same time, the threat of a humanitarian catastrophe in Afghanistan is becoming more and more obvious. The world community is looking for ways to provide assistance to the population of this country. At the same time, Russia (the «Moscow format») and Turkey have noticeably stepped up their diplomatic efforts. The article examines the main motives of Ankara, which, according to the author, perceives the problem of Afghanistan not only from the perspective of bilateral relations with it, but also in the broader context of rivalry between the leading states of the Middle East region. The author emphasizes that the Taliban and the Turkish leader RT Erdogan are linked by a common ideological platform – Islamism. At the same time, Erdogan seeks to present himself in the eyes of NATO partners as a mediator between the alliance and the Taliban government.
Predictive Feedback, Early Sensory Representations, and Fast Responses to Predicted Stimuli Depend on NMDA Receptors
Authors: Mohanta Sounak , Afrasiabi Mohsen , Casey Cameron P. , Tanabe Sean , Redinbaugh Michelle J. , Kambi Niranjan A. , Phillips Jessica M. , Polyakov Daniel , Filbey William , Austerweil Joseph L. , Sanders Robert D. , Saalmann Yuri B.
Published: November 2021

Learned associations between stimuli allow us to model the world and make predictions, crucial for efficient behavior (e.g., hearing a siren, we expect to see an ambulance and quickly make way). While there are theoretical and computational frameworks for prediction, the circuit and receptor-level mechanisms are unclear. Using high-density EEG, Bayesian modeling, and machine learning, we show that inferred “causal” relationships between stimuli and frontal alpha activity account for reaction times (a proxy for predictions) on a trial-by-trial basis in an audiovisual delayed match-to-sample task which elicited predictions. Predictive β feedback activated sensory representations in advance of predicted stimuli. Low-dose ketamine, an NMDAR blocker, but not the control drug dexmedetomidine, perturbed behavioral indices of predictions, their representation in higher-order cortex, feedback to posterior cortex, and pre-activation of sensory templates in higher-order sensory cortex. This study suggests that predictions depend on alpha activity in higher-order cortex, β feedback, and NMDARs, and ketamine blocks access to learned predictive information.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe learn the statistical regularities around us, creating associations between sensory stimuli. These associations can be exploited by generating predictions, which enable fast and efficient behavior. When predictions are perturbed, it can negatively influence perception and even contribute to psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Here we show that the frontal lobe generates predictions and sends them to posterior brain areas, to activate representations of predicted sensory stimuli before their appearance. Oscillations in neural activity (α and β waves) are vital for these predictive mechanisms. The drug ketamine blocks predictions and the underlying mechanisms. This suggests that the generation of predictions in the frontal lobe, and the feedback pre-activating sensory representations in advance of stimuli, depend on NMDARs.
Dal ragionamento alla persuasione: retorica dell'esempio e modelli argomentativi nel Filippo di Isocrate
Authors: Brunello Claudia
Published: November 2021

L'articolo indaga i procedimenti argomentativi su cui Isocrate fonda la propria efficacia persuasiva, ponendo particolare attenzione all'uso degli exempla storici. A questo scopo, il Filippo offre un caso di studio interessante per individuare le indicazioni di tipo metaletterario con cui l'autore introduce e descrive il proprio ragionamento. L'analisi permette così di osservare le tracce di una consapevolezza teorica antecedente alla Retorica ad Alessandro e alla trattatistica aristotelica. Il confronto con Aristotele soprattutto consente di misurare la distanza tra i due autori nella concettualizzazione dei processi argomentativi e di definire in termini più appropriati la collocazione di Isocrate nella storia della retorica antica.
Le Contre Timarque d'Eschine : prolégomènes à un Art rhétorique ?
Authors: Gotteland Sophie
Published: November 2021

Le Contre Timarque d'Eschine marque la première étape du conflit qui oppose l'orateur à son grand adversaire Démosthène devant les tribunaux d'Athènes. Ce plaidoyer, qui aboutit à la victoire d'Eschine, permet de mesurer toute l'habileté rhétorique de l'orateur et d'admirer, dans la pratique, l'argumentation qu'il développe, les preuves qu'il avance et les figures dont il use. Mais il contient également nombre d'indications théoriques sur la manière dont il convient, selon Eschine, d'élaborer un discours, qu'il s'agisse du contenu de ce discours en fonction du sujet abordé, du style dans lequel ce contenu doit être développé ou encore de l'action oratoire dans ses deux dimensions, la voix et le geste. Le Contre Timarque peut ainsi apparaître, dans une certaine mesure, comme l'ébauche d'un Art rhétorique.
Operación militar “socorro”
Authors: Taype Castillo Jaime Miguel
Published: November 2021

La tarde del 31 de mayo de 1970, un terremoto y alud desapareció la ciudad de Yungay, en Ancash. Este trágico suceso, al igual que una guerra, exigió la intervención de las Fuerzas Armadas del Perú a través de una operación militar para el rescate de los sobrevivientes, la remoción de escombros y la reconstrucción de las poblaciones afectadas. Esta investigación tiene por objetivo describir la intervención de los militares peruanos en acontecimientos no bélicos ni políticos, sino más bien en acciones de auxilio a la población afectada por los fenómenos de origen natural. Para ello se ha empleado principalmente fuentes castrenses, los mismos que brindan importante información pero que casi siempre pasan desapercibidos entre las investigaciones existentes sobre el tema.
Visibilizando a un actor político de la Guerra del Pacífico
Authors: Abanto Chani Julio
Published: November 2021

Manuel Velarde fue un importante político y militar que tuvo un importante protagonismo durante la Guerra del Pacífico (1879- 1884). Gracias a la información inédita proporcionada por diversas colecciones documentales, se reconstruye su participación política tras la caída de Lima (enero 1881), en especial durante los gobiernos de Francisco García Calderón, donde fue ministro de Gobierno, y Lizardo Montero (siendo jefe del ejército en el sur, ministro de Guerra y presidente del Consejo de Ministros) y que no había sido analizadas con mayor profundidad por la historiografía peruana. Asimismo, se pone en relieve el carácter de Velarde como articulador y operador político al alternar sus funciones como funcionario de gobierno con el fortalecimiento de las relaciones con otros personajes de las altas esferas políticas afines al civilismo (Camilo Carrillo en Arequipa, Francisco García Calderón en Chile y Manuel María del Valle en La Paz) y la alianza con Bolivia y el general Campero.
Un ensayo de prosopografía andina (Pongos y zoncitos)
Authors: Kapsoli Escudero Wilfredo
Published: November 2021

La Prosopografía es el estudio de los seres más excluidos de la sociedad. En este ensayo rescatamos la vida de Pongos y Zoncitos cuyas historias están olvidadas con sus sueños invisibles. Ellos con su sudor y sangre alimentaron la prosperidad de los gamonales (plantas parásitas que vivían a expensas de las cepas buenas). Los Pongos eran siervos de las haciendas ninguneados y excluidos socialmente. Los zoncitos son personajes enigmáticos que actúan como bufones para divertir a los patrones y sus allegados. Pongos y Zoncitos son también considerados como illas, es decir, deidades de la buena suerte y abundancia. Ellos testimonian su vida con metáforas y alegorías asociadas al tiempo y a la naturaleza. Tienen también sueños utópicos y que en algún momento el mundo se vuelva al revés.
Evaluación de la medulación de fibras de lanas y fibras especiales de algunas especies de animales
Authors: Berolatti Obando Giancarlo , Ruiz Mejía Lusmenia , Cabrera Bustamante Flor Alicia , Aliaga Gutiérrez Jorge , Quispe Bonilla Max David , Quispe Peña Edgar Carlos
Published: November 2021

Existen argumentos a favor de la reducción de la incidencia de medulación, a fin de realizar la mejora de las fibras desde el punto de vista de la producción y procesamiento textil, por lo que se requiere reforzar el conocimiento en torno a esta característica. Por tanto, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la incidencia y relación entre los tipos de medulación, así como determinar su relación con la finura en fibras de ovino, alpaca, llama, paco-vicuña y conejo Angora. Se tomaron muestras de lana y fibra (n=15 por especie animal) y adicionalmente 140 muestras de alpacas tuis macho de color blanco. Se determinó la media del diámetro de fibra (MDF) y los porcentajes de fibras meduladas (%FM) y no meduladas (%FNM), y en esta última se determinaron los porcentajes de fibras de medulación fragmentada, discontinua, continua y fuertemente medulada o tipo kemp. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las fibras de lana Merino presentaron pocas fibras meduladas, ocurriendo lo contrario en fibras de conejo Angora, mientras que las fibras de alpacas tuis, llamas y paco-vicuñas tuvieron porcentajes de medulación moderados (22-40%), encontrándose médulas aún en fibras muy finas. Se determinó una relación directa entre la MDF y el %FM en todos los tipos de fibras, a excepción de la lana de ovino. Se concluye que el %FM es una característica que debería disminuirse en llamas y alpacas y, por tanto, debiera ser considerado como criterio de selección en los programas de mejoramiento genético, pero solo en torno a reducir drásticamente la incidencia de fibras fuertemente meduladas.
Predicción de temperatura corporal usando termómetro infrarrojo en un hato de alpacas (Arequipa, Perú)
Authors: Eduardo V. Gabriela , Vilela V. Jorge
Published: November 2021

Se evaluó la temperatura infrarroja corporal de 50 alpacas en un hato de 155 alpacas Huacaya macho en el Centro de Desarrollo Alpaquero (CEDAT – Toccra) en Arequipa, Perú. Se utilizó un termómetro infrarrojo sobre las fosas nasales, zona interna de la oreja, zona media de la oreja y vientre y un termómetro rectal para medir la temperatura corporal, Además, se registró la temperatura ambiental. Se buscó determinar mediante regresión el mejor modelo predictivo de temperatura corporal en alpacas. Los modelos predictivos mostraron que las variables de temperatura de la zona de la oreja interna y temperatura ambiental dan una mejor predicción de la temperatura corporal en alpacas. Se concluye que es posible predecir la temperatura corporal usando termografía infrarroja.
Variaciones estacionales de parámetros reproductivos, calidad seminal y niveles de testosterona en carneros Highlander
Authors: Ojeda Fermoselle Pablo M. , Manes Jorgelina , Aller Juan F.
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el efecto de la estación del año (fotoperiodo) sobre la circunferencia escrotal (CE), peso testicular (PT), volumen testicular (VT), capacidad de servicio (CS), concentración plasmática de testosterona y características cuali-cuantitativas del semen fresco de carneros Highlander. El estudio se realizó en la pampa húmeda de Argentina (130 msnm) con seis carneros adultos (5-6 años). Se realizaron determinaciones mensuales de peso vivo, condición corporal, CE, PT [PT=0.5533 x (L) x (A)2], VT [VT=4/3 x (π) x (L/2) x (A/2)2], siendo L=longitud y A=ancho del testículo y testosterona plasmática. La prueba de CS se realizó dos veces por estación y la evaluación del semen dos veces por semana durante el mes central de cada estación. El análisis se hizo mediante modelos lineales mixtos para medidas repetidas en el tiempo (R Core Team). En verano (marzo) se observaron los mayores valores (media ± EE; p<0.05) de CE (34.2 ± 0.7 cm), PT (506.7 ± 21.2 g) y VT (479.7 ± 20.0 cm3). El número promedio de montas totales fue mayor (p<0.05) en invierno (15) respecto de la primavera (10) y el verano (8.5). La mayor concentración plasmática de testosterona (p<0.05) fue determinada en verano (enero=15.2 ± 4.3 ng/ml) y la menor en invierno (agosto=0.12 ± 0.1 ng/ml). En los eyaculados (n=192) se observó un menor volumen en primavera y verano (p<0.05). La motilidad espermática total (%), el vigor y la concentración espermática registraron una disminución significativa (p<0.05) en verano. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los porcentajes de motilidad individual progresiva y espermatozoides normales entre estaciones. Los resultados sugieren que los carneros Highlander presentan un mayor potencial reproductivo en la estación de otoño (fotoperiodo decreciente).
Efecto de marcadores genéticos moleculares en genes inducibles por hipoxia de bovinos criollos y Brown Swiss criados en los Andes de Perú
Authors: Gonzales Aparicio Gonzalo W. , Calderon Montes Marcos , Gutierrez Reynoso Gustavo A. , Ponce de Leon Bravo Federico Abel
Published: November 2021

Los genomas de 41 bovinos de cinco razas existentes en la base de datos del SRA-NCBI, fueron usados para identificar 17 polimorfismos de nucleótido simple (PNSs), los cuales generan mutaciones no sinónimas en 10 genes inducibles por hipoxia. De ese total, solo tres PNSs ubicados en las posiciones c.1081G>C, c.2089G>A y c.2101G>A de los exones 7 y 12 del gen EPAS1 tuvieron frecuencias alélicas diferentes entre bovinos cárnicos y lecheros (p<0.05). Basados en los resultados del análisis bioinformático de los genomas, se eligieron regiones exónicas de los genes EPAS1, NOS2, EPO y VEGFA, que fueron estudiadas en 60 muestras de ADN de bovinos criollos y Brown Swiss criados en la región altoandina (3213-4309 msnm). Los bovinos fueron agrupados por su concentración de hemoglobina (Hb) en Brown Swiss con Hb alta (BSHbA) (n=13), Brown Swiss con Hb baja (BSHbB) (n=11), criollos con Hb alta (CRHbA) (n=13) y criollos con Hb baja (CRHbB) (n=12); además se tuvo un grupo de Brown Swiss con mal de altura (BSMA) (n=11). Los amplicones generados fueron secuenciados con la metodología Sanger, identificándose 10 PNSs. No se encontraron asociaciones entre estos PNSs y los grupos considerados. Únicamente un PNS ubicado en la posición intrόnica Cr.19: 19403681T>C del gen NOS2 tuvo frecuencia diferente entre bovinos criollos y Brown Swiss (p<0.05); además dicho PNS se encontró ligado a otros dos que están ubicados en el exón 12 del mismo gen.
Los buitres, aves carroñeras del Viejo Mundo y Nuevo Mundo
Authors: Ospina S. Pedro , Ramírez V. Mercy , Maturrano H. Lenin
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo revisa la información existente sobre el grupo de aves denominado buitres, aves especializadas en la ingestión de carroña, distribuidas en casi todos los continentes y que tienen características físicas y comportamientos similares. El objetivo de la revisión es dar a conocer la problemática mundial y amenazas a las que es sometido este grupo de aves, principalmente por el efecto antrópico, pérdida de su hábitat natural, intoxicación por plomo, y envenenamiento provocado o accidental, entre otros factores, que han causado su desaparición en diversos países y los han colocado al borde de la extinción. Se revisa el estado actual de conservación y principales amenazas de los dos grandes grupos, buitres del Viejo y del Nuevo Mundo.
Diagnóstico post mortem de Fasciola hepatica en bovinos faenados en la planta de beneficio de Sogamoso (Boyacá, Colombia)
Authors: Ortiz-Pineda Melissa Camila , Archila-Barrera Omar Alexander , Bulla-Castañeda Diana María , Díaz-Anaya Adriana María , Giraldo Forero Julio Cesar , Garcia-Corredor Diego José , Pulido-Medellín Martín Orlando
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de distomatosis hepática en bovinos faenados en la planta de beneficio de Sogamoso (Boyacá, Colombia), y definir la técnica diagnóstica más efectiva para establecer la presencia del parásito. Se estableció un tamaño muestral de 343 individuos teniendo en cuenta la tasa de sacrificio mensual de la planta. Se tomaron muestras de heces, sangre y contenido biliar y se colectaron los parásitos adultos del ducto biliar. En el examen coproparasitológico se utilizó la técnica de Ritchie modificada, el contenido biliar fue analizado mediante sedimentación y para el diagnóstico serológico se implementó un ELISA in house estandarizado a partir de parásitos adultos de Fasciola hepatica. El 29.7% (102/343) de los individuos muestreados fueron positivos a la presencia de F. hepatica en por lo menos una de las técnicas empleadas. La evaluación post mortem presentó el valor más alto (19.8%; 68/343), seguido por el ELISA in house (13.7%; 47/343), detección de huevos en bilis (117%; 40/343) y la técnica coprológica (7.3%; 25/343).
Sequências didáticas
Authors: Sául Tamine Santos , Pereira Diuliana Nadalon
Published: November 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar as Sequências Didáticas – dinâmica metodológica de planejamento e implementação trimestral, de uma escola social, no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul – como uma perspectiva de trabalho coletivo por área do conhecimento, ressaltando a importância de abordar os conhecimentos a partir de situações-problemas e não de conceitos fragmentados e descontextualizados com a realidade dos(as) estudantes, o que poderá contribuir para o rompimento da educação bancária predominante no cenário brasileiro. Além disso, busca descrever a situação-problema, passo a passo, a partir da experiência das autoras no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Educação em Ciências em Diálogo, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul e da experiência como professoras de Ciências Naturais na escola em questão. A partir dessa reflexão sobre a práxis nesses espaçostempos avalia-se a importância de entender a situação-problema e ampliar os estudos nessa área para que se possa cada vez mais fortalecer a contextualização e a interdisciplinaridade nas áreas, necessárias para esse tipo de dinâmica metodológica/abordagem.
Round Towers of the Andalusi-Catalan Borders (8th–10th centuries)
Authors: Martí Ramon , Viladrich Mª Mercè
Published: November 2021

This article reviews the subject of early medieval fortifications in Catalonia. In particular, we focus on the free-standing round towers, a type of construction that presents many variants. Academic disputes abound as to their origins; some of them are ascribed to the Roman period, whereas others are thought to belong to the time of the Catalan Counts (from the middle of the 10th century until the middle of the 12th century). These towers are common in wide areas of al-Andalus, where their Islamic origin is usually not disputed. Here, we explore the oldest samples found in the territories of Catalonia, by cross-checking archaeological and monumental data with textual sources, in order to test the hypothesis of an Andalusi origin of these very early constructions. This study covers a large geographical area, more than 300 km straight along the Catalan coastline and neighbouring territories. On this stretch of land there were as many as three different frontiers in the period under study between the lands under Christian or Islamic rule. We discuss up to 50 towers, each one built with the purpose of surveillance and control of the territory. This mission reflects a strategy of defence, which makes sense in the Islamic era if the enemy is coming from the north. Furthermore, the successive borders are linked to different styles of towers, which show the transformation from the 8th to the 10th centuries. We identify some of their builders among the Arab governors of the period. Initially relatively low buildings, these towers took on a notably monumental character in the days of Sulayman al-A'rabi. During the 9th century, the Carolingian intrusions sparked a rapid change, with the construction of much higher towers with battlements on the roofs, such as the ones that are predominant in the area around the city of Tortosa at the beginning of the 10th century.
Mercaderes, artesanos y ulemas. Las ciudades de las Coras de Ilbira y Pechina en época Omeya, by Eneko López Martínez de Marigorta.
Authors: Salinas Elena
Published: November 2021

Mercaderes, artesanos y ulemas. Las ciudades de las Coras de Ilbira y Pechina en época Omeya, by Eneko López Martínez de Marigorta. Colección Arqueologías, Serie Medieval, 2020. 432pp., 23 maps, 32/39 figures. Pb. €50.00; eBook €17.00. ISBN-13: 9788491593560.
Who Designed Villa Planchart? Gio Ponti’s Architecture in Caracas: Between Influences and Contamination
Authors: Danesi Giorgio
Published: November 2021

In 1953, Armando and Anala Planchart asked the Italian architect Gio Ponti to realize a new house for them in Caracas. They did not know at the time that it would become one of the most iconic works of twentieth century architecture: “Can I be your Michelangelo?”1 Nevertheless, the correspondence between the architect and several of the individuals involved in its construction testifies to the multiple influences that can be recognized in the house. This makes it one of the clearest examples of building with the involvement of multiple authors.
A Landscape of Conflict: Speculators and Books in Early Modern London
Authors: Astengo Gregorio
Published: November 2021

This article examines the speculative building world of late seventeenth-century London, a context often associated with the birth of modern real estate culture. It examines existing literature on the subject, and identifies the economic and social conditions that converged in producing new paradigms of speculative construction, as well as the actors and instruments involved in its codification. Rather than through the design and authorial practices usually associated with architects, building was realized based on a constellation of conflicting and largely still unsystematized negotiations between the stakeholders, such as builders, landowners, investors, and lessees. This article discusses these paradigms, particularly in relation to a fundamental and overlooked genre of the operational publications produced to organize and codify professional roles and relationships in the business world. I ultimately argue that in order to make sense of our capitalist building culture, we should reconsider the contentious circumstances that produced it, as well as the knowledge base generated to normalize these circumstances.
El delirio de Lagos no es el de Nueva York: Rem Koolhaas y el protagonismo del autor-arquitecto en territorios conflictivos
Authors: Cano-Ciborro Victor
Published: November 2021

El arquitecto Rem Koolhaas, bajo el amparo de Harvard Project on the City, comenzó a estudiar a finales del siglo XX la ciudad nigeriana de Lagos, megaurbe que acabó designando como paradigma de la condición urbana en el siglo XXI. Ante semejante sentencia, basada en el análisis superficial y puramente formal de un contexto tremendamente conflictivo, el artículo hará visible ya no sólo las afirmaciones del propio Koolhaas, sino las críticas que han considerado dicha aproximación un ensimismamiento de la figura del arquitecto. Así, evidenciaremos cómo la autoridad de Koolhaas resulta contraproducente para la disciplina y práctica arquitectónica, ya que en Lagos sólo parece existir lo que el autor ha visto o percibido, invisibilizando tanto las múltiples y complejas dinámicas espaciales protagonizadas por los cuerpos subalternos –necesarias para entender la particularidad de la zona– como los trabajos previos de académicos, arquitectos o urbanistas interesados en la espacialidad del conflicto.
Mejor en equipo: Peter Harnden’s «Big Band Architecture»
Authors: Garnica Julio
Published: November 2021

Tras la II Guerra Mundial el arquitecto norteamericano Peter Harnden (1913-1971) dirige desde París la Oficina de Información del Plan Marshall, así como diferentes unidades del Gobierno de USA destinadas a promocionar la imagen de los Estados Unidos en plena Guerra Fría, organizando el trabajo de un numeroso equipo internacional de arquitectos, diseñadores y técnicos. En 1956 establece en Orgeval el estudio PGHA Associates, en el que pronto destaca el papel del arquitecto italiano Lanfranco Bombelli (1921-2008), con quien se encarga del diseño de los pabellones norteamericanos en Europa durante los años siguientes. A principios de los años sesenta deciden trasladarse a España, donde fundan Harnden&Bombelli, una firma en la que compaginan los encargos oficiales con la reforma y el proyecto de sofisticadas viviendas en la costa española, estableciendo un diálogo inédito y enriquecedor entre modernidad y tradición mediterránea. Siempre en equipo, el singular way of architecture de Harnden y Bombelli constituye un episodio poco conocido pero muy significativo del ejercicio profesional de la arquitectura moderna durante el siglo XX.
Wolność – prawda – sumienie. Antropologiczne uwarunkowania moralności w encyklice św. Jana Pawła II Veritatis splendor
Authors: Gryz Krzysztof
Published: November 2021

Ludzkie działanie jest podstawą budowania egzystencji zarówno w wymiarze indywidualnym jak i wszystkich społecznych relacji. U podstaw każdego działania, które podejmuje człowiek leżą trzy zasadnicze elementy, decydującego o tym, że mówimy o ludzkim działaniu, a nie tylko o zaistnieniu określonego skutku jako rezultat działania bezosobowej przyczyny. Tymi czynnikami, specyficznie ludzkimi, głęboko zakorzenionymi w naturze człowieka jako osoby, jest możliwość poznania prawdy, wolność wyboru i sumienie. Dlatego możemy mówić o egzystencjalnej strukturze człowieka.Właśnie dlatego, że działanie człowieka jest związane z możliwością poznania prawdy, nie tylko tej technicznej, opisującej świat przedmiotów, ale również prawdy mądrościowej, ujawniającej sens rzeczy, oraz zdolnością człowieka do dokonywania autonomicznych wyborów, kierując się kryterium aksjologicznym (dobra-zła), które ujawnia się najwyraźniej w doświadczeniu sumienia, człowiek jest za swoje działanie odpowiedzialny. Odpowiedzialność ta ma swoje konsekwencje nie tylko w wymiarze moralnym, ale także w wymiarze prawnym.
Javanese-Mataraman Muslim Obedience towards Religious and State Leaders in Performing Friday Prayers during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fauzi Agus Machfud , Maliha Novi Fitia , Mustofa Mustofa
Published: November 2021

The Javanese-Mataraman Muslims have an ambiguous attitude in responding to government policies and religious leaders in carrying out Friday prayers during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic, symbolically obeying not to do it. However, in reality, they still carry out Friday prayers. This article aims to find out the attitude of the community in making decisions on Friday prayers. They usually have an accommodative attitude in responding to the pros and cons of life problems. This article uses mixed methods with a snowball sampling technique to make it easier to find out the community’s attitudes using the dramaturgy approach since it had information about the informants’ front stage and backstage. The results of this study explain that they have obedience in the front stage. In contrast to the backstage, they perform Friday prayers even though the state and religion prohibit it. The dramaturgy is related to the religious understanding of the Javanese-Mataraman community, hampered by the rigid interpretation of the fiqh of worship, not to the knowledge of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.
Pancasila and Transnational Ideology in the Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah Perspective
Authors: Yasid Yasid , Zakiyah Makhshushi , Asra Moh.
Published: November 2021

This article seeks to explore the importance of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah as a theory to address the development of Islamic law in the contemporary world. Following the need to respond to modern challenges in Muslim society, the theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah needs to be worked out optimally so that the results of legal provisions do not shift from the primary objectives of the state and government formation. The fundamental goal is to create benefits for the nation and state. The trend of the emergence of nation-states with multi-ethnic, multi-racial, multi-cultural, even multi-religious populations demands the need for tools for sophisticated religious analysis such as the theory of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. In the context of a nation-state like Indonesia, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah can be used as a theoretical perspective to determine the legal standing of the debate about Pancasila and transnational ideology, which has recently been widely discussed in the community. Pancasila is an agreement of the Indonesian founding fathers to maintain the unity and integrity of the nation amidst the diversities. This article describes the role of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in the study of Islamic constitutional law, the dynamics of Islamic law, and the Pancasila as the ideology of the state.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF GRAFT FIXATION VARIANTS TO THE ANTERIOR MARGIN OF THE GLENOID PERFORMING LATARJET PROCEDURE
Authors: Golovakha Maxim , Kuznietsov Bohdan , Karpinsky Mykhaylo , Yaresko Oleksandr
Published: November 2021

Latarjet procedure is a common standard in the treatment of anterior and anterior-inferior shoulder instability with a significant glenoid defect. However, like any other surgical technique, it has a list of certain intra- and postoperative complications, including mistakes in the positioning of the bone block. A necessary guarantee of prevention and reduction of the frequency of possible complications associated with graft positioning is a well-performedpreoperative planning with an understanding of the biomechanical functioning of the shoulder joint with the translated bone block. Objective. According to the mathematical modelling we studied the changes that occur in the stress-strain state of the shoulder joint model depending on the options for graft fixation and may occur during the Latarjet procedure. Methods. To solve this problem, a finite element model of the shoulder was created. The simulationswere performed using the SolidWorks computer-aided design system. The following situations were simulated: variants of fixing screws relative to the plane of the articular surface of the glenoid (parallel to the plane, at an angle of 10° and 20°) and variants of graft fixation height at the anterior edge of the glenoid (at the lower edge of the glenoid, 10 mm and 20 mm upper edge). Calculations of the stress-strain state of the models were performed with the CosmosM software package. Results and conclusions. The presence of a bone graft fixed with metal screws at the area of the defect at the anterior edge of the glenoid, leads to an increase in stress levels in the bone elements of the model. Changes in the stress-strain state of the shoulder model also occur, depending on the angle of the screws that secure the graft. The highest stress level was determined when providing the fixing screws at an angle of 10°, the lowest — when providing the screws parallel to the articular surface of the glenoid. The stresses on the locking screws increased slightly with increasing angle of the screws. When studying the height of graft fixation, the most favorable option, in terms of stress distribution on the articular surface of the glenoid and fixing screws, is its location in the lower part of the anterior edge of the glenoid.