bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderate vagal withdrawal in 3.5‐year‐old children is associated with optimal performance on executive function tasks
Authors: Marcovitch Stuart , Leigh Janet , Calkins Susan D. , Leerks Esther M. , O'Brien Marion , Blankson A. Nayena
Published: May 2010

Vagal tone (measured via respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) and vagal withdrawal (measured by decreases in RSA) have been identified as physiological measures of self‐regulation, but little is known how they may relate to the regulation of cognitive activity as measured through executive function (EF) tasks. We expected that baseline measures of vagal tone, thought to be an indicator of attention, would correlate with EF performance. We also predicted that vagal withdrawal would allow for the reorientation of attention that is needed to succeed on EF tasks, but too much withdrawal would be detrimental. RSA measured at baseline was indeed related to EF performance in 220 3.5‐year‐old children, and those who exhibited a moderate decrease in RSA during the EF tasks outperformed children whose RSA decreased by too little or too much. These findings implicate vagal tone withdrawal as a psychophysiological measure of higher cognitive processes, most likely substantiated through increases in the levels of focused attention. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 603–608, 2010.
A preliminary study of cortisol reactivity and behavior problems in young children born premature
Authors: Bagner Daniel M. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Vohr Betty R. , Lester Barry M.
Published: May 2010

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between cortisol reactivity and comorbid internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among children born premature. Children between the ages of 18 and 60 months who were born <37 weeks gestation and presented with clinically significant externalizing behavior problems were included. Children were categorized based on those who mounted a cortisol response to a stressor and those who did not mount a cortisol response. Children demonstrating the cortisol response were reported to have more problems with attention, emotional reactivity, anxiety, and depression based on maternal report and displayed higher rates of negative verbalizations during a mother–child interaction than children without a cortisol response. These results extend the findings of the relation between cortisol reactivity and comorbid internalizing and externalizing behavior problems to a sample of children born premature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 574–582, 2010.
Ontogeny of spatial working memory in the subterranean rodentctenomys talarum
Authors: Schleich Cristian E.
Published: May 2010

While several works analyzed the spatial learning and memory capacities in adults of subterranean rodents, no study was done examining the development of these cognitive processes in pups of any of those species. Therefore, the development of spatial working memory in the South American subterranean rodentCtenomys talarumwas investigated by analyzing the pups' spatial performance in a delayed alternation task. When a short delay of 1 min was interposed between runs in the Y‐maze, 20‐day‐old pups made more errors than 40‐ and 60‐day‐old pups. When longer intervals (10 min) were elapsed between runs, younger pups made approximately twice as many errors as the ones committed by 60‐day‐old pups, showing the age‐dependent development of spatial working memory in this species of subterranean rodent. Increased space use byC. talarumpups, caused first by the appearance of independent exploratory behavior and later by the need of leaving maternal territory and construct a new burrow system, showed some correspondence with the improvements in the pups' spatial working memory performance, suggesting for the importance of this cognitive capacity in developing pups for which spatial learning and memory constitute essential abilities for survival and fitness. Dev. Psychobiol. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 592–597, 2010.
Amplification and diffusion of manual preference from lateralized practice in children
Authors: Teixeira Luis Augusto , da Silva Renato Passos Pereira , de Freitas Sylvia Lúcia
Published: May 2010

The effect of lateralized practice on manual preference was investigated in right‐handed children. Probing tasks required reaching and grasping a pencil at distinct eccentricities in the right and left hemifields (simple), and its transportation and insertion into a small hole (complex). During practice, the children experienced manipulative tasks different from that used for probing, using the left hand only. Results showed that before practice the children used almost exclusively the right hand in the right hemifield and at the midline position. Following lateralized practice frequency of use of the left hand increased in most lateral positions. A more evident effect of lateralized practice on shift of manual preference was detected in the complex task. Implications for lateralization of behavior in a developmental timescale are discussed on the basis of the proposition of amplification and diffusion of manual preference from lateralized practice. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 723–730, 2010.
Canonical Wnt signaling modulates Tbx1, Eya1, and Six1 expression, restricting neurogenesis in the otic vesicle
Authors: Freyer Laina , Morrow Bernice E.
Published: May 2010

To understand the mechanism by which canonical Wnt signaling sets boundaries for pattern formation in the otic vesicle (OV), we examined Tbx1 and Eya1‐Six1 downstream of activated β‐catenin. Tbx1, the gene for velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), is essential for inner ear development where it promotes Bmp4 and Otx1 expression and restricts neurogenesis. Using floxed β‐catenin gain‐of‐function (GOF) and loss‐of‐function (LOF) alleles, we found Tbx1 expression was down‐regulated and maintained/enhanced in the two mouse mutants, respectively. Bmp4 was ectopically expressed and Otx1 was lost in β‐catenin GOF mutants. Normally, inactivation of Tbx1 causes expanded neurogenesis, but expression of NeuroD was down‐regulated in β‐catenin GOF mutants. To explain this paradox, Eya1 and Six1, genes for branchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) syndrome were down‐regulated in the OV of β‐catenin GOF mutants independently of Tbx1. Overall, this work helps explain the mechanism by which Wnt signaling modulates transcription factors required for neurogenesis and patterning of the OV. Developmental Dynamics 239:1708–1722, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular dynamics of epithelial clefting during branching morphogenesis of the mouse submandibular gland
Authors: Kadoya Yuichi , Yamashina Shohei
Published: May 2010

We cultured the rudimental submandibular gland (SMG) of mice with a non–cell‐permeable fluorescent tracer, and observed cell behavior during epithelial branching morphogenesis using confocal time‐lapse microscopy. We traced movements of individual cells as shadowgraph movies. Individual epithelial cells migrated dynamically but erratically. The epithelial cleft extended by wiggling and separated a cluster of cells into two buds during branching. We examined the ultrastructure of the clefts in SMG rudiments treated with the laminin peptide A5G77f, which induces epithelial clefting. A short cytoplasmic shelf with a core of microfilaments was found at the deep end of the cleft. We propose that epithelial clefting involves a dynamic movement of cells at the base of the cleft, and the formation of a shelf within a cleft cell. The shelf might form a matrix attachment point at the base of the cleft with a core of microfilaments driving cleft elongation. Developmental Dynamics 239:1739–1747, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Specific mesenchymal/epithelial induction of olfactory receptor, vomeronasal, and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons
Authors: Rawson N.E. , Lischka F. W. , Yee K.K. , Peters A.Z. , Tucker E.S. , Meechan D.W. , Zirlinger M. , Maynard T.M. , Burd G.B. , Dulac C. , Pevny L. , LaMantia A.‐S.
Published: May 2010

We asked whether specific mesenchymal/epithelial (M/E) induction generates olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), vomeronasal neurons (VRNs), and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the major neuron classes associated with the olfactory epithelium (OE). To assess specificity of M/E‐mediated neurogenesis, we compared the influence of frontonasal mesenchyme on frontonasal epithelium, which becomes the OE, with that of the forelimb bud. Despite differences in position, morphogenetic and cytogenic capacity, both mesenchymal tissues support neurogenesis, expression of several signaling molecules and neurogenic transcription factors in the frontonasal epithelium. Only frontonasal mesenchyme, however, supports OE‐specific patterning and activity of a subset of signals and factors associated with OE differentiation. Moreover, only appropriate pairing of frontonasal epithelial and mesenchymal partners yields ORNs, VRNs, and GnRH neurons. Accordingly, the position and molecular identity of specialized frontonasal epithelia and mesenchyme early in gestation and subsequent inductive interactions specify the genesis and differentiation of peripheral chemosensory and neuroendocrine neurons. Developmental Dynamics 239:1723–1738, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental atlas of the early first trimester human embryo
Authors: Yamada Shigehito , Samtani Rajeev R. , Lee Elaine S. , Lockett Elizabeth , Uwabe Chigako , Shiota Kohei , Anderson Stasia A. , Lo Cecilia W.
Published: May 2010

Rapid advances in medical imaging are facilitating the clinical assessment of first‐trimester human embryos at increasingly earlier stages. To obtain data on early human development, we used magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and episcopic fluorescence capture (EFIC) to acquire digital images of human embryos spanning the time of dynamic tissue remodeling and organogenesis (Carnegie stages 13 to 23). These imaging data sets are readily resectioned digitally in arbitrary planes, suitable for rapid high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) observation. Using these imaging datasets, a web‐accessible digital Human Embryo Atlas (http://apps.devbio.pitt.edu/humanatlas/) was created containing serial 2D images of human embryos in three standard histological planes: sagittal, frontal, and transverse. In addition, annotations and 3D reconstructions were generated for visualizing different anatomical structures. Overall, this Human Embryo Atlas is a unique resource that provides morphologic data of human developmental anatomy that can accelerate basic research investigations into developmental mechanisms that underlie human congenital anomalies. Developmental Dynamics 239:1585–1595, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene transfer by electroporation into hemogenic endothelium in the avian embryo
Authors: Rosselló Catalina Ana , Torres Miguel
Published: May 2010

Hematopoiesis is the dynamic process whereby blood cells are continuously produced in an organism. Blood cell production is sustained by a population of self‐renewing multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) throughout the life of an organism. Cells with definitive HSC properties appear in the mid‐gestation embryo as dense clusters of cells budding from the floor of the aorta, and that of the vitelline and umbilical arteries in the aorta‐gonads‐mesonephros region. Attempts to genetically modify the aortic floor from which these HSCs arise have been unsuccessful in the mouse, since the regulation of gene expression in the hemogenic endothelium is largely unknown. Here we report the implementation of gene transfer by electroporation into dorsal aortic endothelial cells in the chick embryo. This approach provides a quick and reproducible method of generating gain/loss‐of‐function models to investigate the function of genes involved in HSC birth. Developmental Dynamics 239:1748–1754, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stress for maintaining memory: HSP70 as a mobile messenger for innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Chen Taoyong , Cao Xuetao
Published: May 2010

HSP are abundant and conserved proteins present in all cells. Upon temperature shock or other stress stimuli, HSP are synthesized intracellularly, which may protect cells from protein denaturation or from death. Although HSP are synthesized intracellularly, HSP can also be mobilized to the plasma membrane or even be released under stress conditions. Elucidating the roles of cell surface and extracellular HSP in immune regulation has attracted much attention in recent years. Extracellularly, HSP can serve a cytokine function to initiate both innate and adaptive immunity through activation of APC. HSP serves also a chaperone function and facilitates presentation of antigen peptide to T cells. Similarly, cell surface HSP may activate APC and promote antigen presentation through cell–cell contact. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that cell surface HSP70 on DC induced by stress can upregulate membrane‐associated IL‐15, which in turn promotes the proliferation of CD4+CD45RA memory T cells. Moreover, a DC‐CD4+ T‐cell interacting circuit formed by CD40L on T cells and CD40 on DC is proposed to play a role in the maintenance of memory homeostasis. This study has widened our view of HSP in adaptive immunity as well as their classical functions such as APC activator and antigen carrier.
Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones by Ruthenium Complexes Bearing Benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands
Authors: Gürbüz Nevin , Yaşar Sedat , Özcan Emine Özge , Özdemir İsmail , Çetinkaya Bekir
Published: May 2010

A series of benzimidazolium ligand precursors were metalated with [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 to give ruthenium(II) N‐heterocyclic carbene complexes. All compounds were fully characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The new benzimidazol‐2‐ylidene complexes have been found to be effective catalysis for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones by using 2‐propanol as the hydrogen source in the presence of KOH.
Lithiation of a Cyclen‐Derived (NNNN) Macrocycle and Its Reaction with n‐Butyllithium
Authors: Standfuss Sabine , Spaniol Thomas P. , Okuda Jun
Published: May 2010

Cyclic polyamine 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane, (Me3TACD)H (1), was metalated with n‐butyllithium in pentane to give [Li2(Me3TACD)2] (2). The structure of this compound is dimeric in the solid state as shown by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. With an excess of nBuLi, nBuLi is incorporated into the product. Depending on the stoichiometry, the compounds [Li3(nBu)(Me3TACD)2] (3) or [Li4(nBu)2(Me3TACD)2] (4) are formed. As shown by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, both molecular structures show a ladder motif. (Me3TACD)H reacted with NaI/Na2CO3 in acetonitrile to give benzene‐soluble [NaI(Me3TACD)H] (5).
A TRLFS Study on the Complexation of CmIII and EuIII with 2,6‐Bis(5,6‐dipropyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3‐yl)pyridine in Water/Methanol Mixture
Authors: Trumm Sascha , Panak Petra J. , Geist Andreas , Fanghänel Thomas
Published: May 2010

The complexation of CmIII and EuIII with 2,6‐bis(5,6‐dipropyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐3‐yl)pyridine (nPr‐BTP) in water/methanol solution is studied. 1:3 complexes [M(nPr‐BTP)3]3+ form from the solvated metal ions upon addition of ligand. The conditional stability constants are log K = 14.4 and log K = 11.9. For both metal ions the complexation reaction is both enthalpy and entropy driven. ΔH is 10.1 kJ/mol more negative than ΔH, whereas the entropy difference is small. The difference in ΔG between the formation of the CmIII and EuIII complexes is in good agreement with nPr‐BTP's selectivity in liquid‐liquid extraction.
2,2,4,6,7‐Pentamethyl‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐5‐methyl (Pbfm) as an Alternative to the Trityl Group for the Side‐Chain Protection of Cysteine and Asparagine/Glutamine
Authors: Garcia Oscar , Bofill Josep M. , Nicolas Ernesto , Albericio Fernando
Published: May 2010

The benzyl derivative of the Pbf group, which is the most commonly used side‐chain protecting group for Arg, has been proposed for the protection of the side chains of Cys, Asp, and Glu. In the three cases, the new protecting group (Pbfm) was removed with a high concentration of TFA during the cleavage and global deprotection step. In addition, the Pbfm group can be removed from the Cys residue by using very dilute TFA solutions. Furthermore, when Cys is protected with the Pbfm group, it can be removed by oxidative treatment, thereby directly rendering the disulfide bridge on the solid phase.
Dynamics and Hydration Properties of Small Antifreeze‐Like Glycopeptides Containing Non‐Natural Amino Acids
Authors: Corzana Francisco , Busto Jesús H. , García de Luis Marisa , Fernández‐Tejada Alberto , Rodríguez Fernando , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Avenoza Alberto , Peregrina Jesús M.
Published: May 2010

Novel studies on the synthesis and conformation in aqueous solution of three antifreeze‐like glycopeptides containing the sequence Xaa(α‐GalNAc)‐Ala‐Ala, with Xaa being threonine (Thr) or the non‐natural amino acids α‐methylserine (MeSer) or α‐methylthreonine (MeThr), are reported. The study has combined NMR experiments with molecular dynamics simulations. Whereas the Thr derivative is rather rigid in solution and exhibits an extended conformation for the backbone, the non‐natural glycopeptides are fairly flexible and show random coil structures for the peptide sequence. On the other hand, only those glycopeptides with a methyl group at Cβ of the underlying amino acid show perpendicular orientation of the sugar with respect to the peptide moiety. This structural feature, together with the rigidity of the Thr‐containing glycopeptide, makes this system unique to structure the water molecules of its first hydration shell. In addition, despite its chemical similarity, the different observed conformational behaviors of all these molecules, as well as the differences in their dynamics and hydration properties, make them suitable systems to shed light on the key factors that govern antifreeze activity.
Defective human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus in asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Takenouchi Hiroyuki , Umeki Kazumi , Sasaki Daisuke , Yamamoto Ikuo , Nomura Hajime , Takajo Ichiro , Ueno Shiro , Umekita Kunihiko , Kamihira Shimeru , Morishita Kazuhiro , Okayama Akihiko
Published: May 2010

Few studies have specifically examined defective provirus in asymptomatic human T‐lymphotropic virus Type 1 (HTLV‐1) carriers and its relation to proviral DNA loads (PVLs). To assess the significance of defective provirus in asymptomatic carriers, we examined PVLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 208 asymptomatic HTLV‐1 carriers. The mean PVLs determined using primers for the pol region were less than that for the pX region in these carriers. Analysis of seven carriers with high PVLs for the pX region but lower PVLs for the pol region showed that four had single nucleotide polymorphisms of proviral genomes for the pol region and three had HTLV‐1‐infected cells with defective provirus. Three carriers with defective provirus showed high PVLs at their initial screens, and PVLs increased after a 10‐ to 12‐year interval in two carriers. Southern blot assay showed clonal expansion of HTLV‐1‐infected cells, and the predominant clones changed during the observation period. These data suggest that although HTLV‐1‐infected cells with defective provirus may have a growth advantage, the predominant clones of HTLV‐1‐infected cells do not always survive for many years in asymptomatic carriers.
Effects on titanium implant surfaces of chemical agents used for the treatment of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Ungvári Krisztina , Pelsöczi István K. , Kormos Bernadett , Oszkó Albert , Rakonczay Zoltán , Kemény Lajos , Radnai Márta , Nagy Katalin , Fazekas András , Turzó Kinga
Published: May 2010

The treatment of peri‐implantitis, which causes tissue deterioration surrounding osseointegrated implants, involves surface decontamination and cleaning. However, chemical cleaning agents may alter the structure of implant surfaces. We investigated three such cleaning solutions. Commercially pure (grade 4) machined titanium discs (CAMLOG Biotechnologies AG, Switzerland) were treated with 3% H2O2 (5 min), saturated citric acid (pH = 1) (1 min) or chlorhexidine gel (5 min), and their surface properties were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Human epithelial cell attachment (24‐h observation) and proliferation (72‐h observation) were investigated via dimethylthiazolyl‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein content assays. AFM revealed no significant difference in roughness of the three treated surfaces. XPS confirmed the constant presence of typical surface elements and an intact TiO2 layer on each surface. The XPS peaks after chlorhexidine gel treatment demonstrated CO and/or CO bond formation, due to chlorhexidine digluconate infiltrating the surface. MTT and BCA assays indicated similar epithelial cell attachments in the three groups; epithelial cell proliferation being significantly higher after H2O2 than after chlorhexidine gel treatment (not shown by BCA assays). These agents do not harm the Ti surface. Cleaning with H2O2 slightly enhances human epithelial cell growth, in contrast to chlorhexidine gel. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
Characterization of micropatterned nanofibrous scaffolds for neural network activity readout for high‐throughput screening
Authors: Wang Lina , Kisaalita William S.
Published: May 2010

Micropatterns were fabricated in nanofibrous poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA) films by laser micromachining and the resulting scaffolds were characterized with respect to architecture, thermal, mechanical, and mass transport properties. Also, human neural stem cells were successfully cultured in these micropatterned nanofibrous scaffolds (MNFSs). The scaffolds were incorporated in high‐density well plates (e.g., 96‐well plates), creating a platform for high‐throughput screening of drugs with physiologically more relevant networked neural cultures. Through mathematical modeling of the transport of model stimulants, the feasibility of stimulating neural networks cultured in MNFSs was demonstrated. More work is needed to establish biological network activity–MNFS architecture relationships. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010.
The increased expression of receptor activator of nuclear‐κB ligand (RANKL) of multiple myeloma bone marrow stromal cells is inhibited by the bisphosphonate ibandronate
Authors: Fernández Mireya , Pino Ana M , Figueroa Paula , Rodríguez Juan P
Published: May 2010

The receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappaB ligand (RANKL) and interleukin‐1beta are osteoclast activating factors which are abnormally expressed in bone marrow stromal cells and plasma cells of multiple myeloma patients. In this work we analyzed RANKL expression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells and the effect of the bisphosphonate ibandronate on RANKL expression after IL‐1beta activation of ERK pathway. Mesenchymal stromal cells were obtained from bone marrow iliac aspirates from multiple myeloma patients at stages II/III and non‐osteoporotics control donors; these cells were maintained under long‐term culture conditions. Cells were cultured in the presence or the absence of 5 ng/ml IL‐1beta and/or 5 µM ibandronate, during selected periods. mRNA for RANKL and protein levels were assayed by RT‐PCR and Western blot, respectively. Human bone marrow stromal cell line HS‐5 was used for assessing IL 1beta‐ and ibandronate‐ERK phosphorylation responses. Multiple myeloma mesenchymal stromal cells differentiate from control cells by increased basal RANKL expression. IL‐1beta up regulated RANKL expression showed dependent on activated MEK/ERK pathway. Finally, the bisphosphonate ibandronate, that hindered activation of the MEK/ERK pathway significantly inhibited both basal and IL‐1beta dependent RANKL expression by cells. Results indicate that RANKL expression involves the MEK/ERK pathway in multiple myeloma mesenchymal stromal cells, and that early obstruction of this path, such as that achieved with ibandronate, significantly deters RANKL protein expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 130–137, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Roles of GRP78 in physiology and cancer
Authors: Zhang Lu‐Hua , Zhang Xiang
Published: May 2010

As one member of 70 kDa heat shock proteins, glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) participates in protein folding, transportation and degradation. This sort of capacity can be enhanced by stresses under which GRP78 is induced rapidly. Unlike its homologues, GRP78 presents multifaceted subcellular position: When ER retention, it serves as the switch of unfolded protein response; When mitochondrial binding, it directly interacts with apoptotic executors; When cell surface residing, it recognizes extracellular ligands, transducing proliferative signals, especially in certain tumors. The close correlation between GRP78 and neoplasm provides us further insight into the event of carcinogenesis and cancer cell chemoresistance, indicating its prognostic predicting significance and validating potential therapeutics for clinical usage, especially because its small molecular inhibitors are emerging quickly these years. What's more, GRP78‐related signaling may be helpful for clearer understanding of its biological mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1299–1305, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taiwan cobra phospholipase A2 elicits posttranscriptional up‐regulation of ADAM17 in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hsin , Chen Ku‐Chung , Chiou Yi‐Ling , Lin Shinne‐Ren , Chang Long‐Sen
Published: May 2010

Taiwan cobra phospholipase A2 (PLA2) treatment promoted proADAM17 processing into mature ADAM17 in human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells. The abolishment of catalytic activity caused a drastic drop in the PLA2 ability to induce ADAM17 maturation, and lysophosphatidylcholine treatment mimicked the effect of PLA2. ADAM17 activity measurement, ADAM17 cell surface levels, TNFR2 ectodomain shedding, and ADAM17 mRNA transcription supported that posttranscriptional up‐regulation of ADAM17 occurred in PLA2‐treated SK‐N‐SH cells. PLA2 treatment induced p38 MAPK activation and ERK inactivation. p38 MAPK activation suppression by SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) abolished posttranscriptional up‐regulation of ADAM17 in PLA2‐treated cells, while treatment with U0126 (MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor) increased ADAM17 maturation in SK‐N‐SH cells. Constitutively active MEK1 expression abrogated PLA2‐induced ADAM17 maturation. Taken together, our data indicate that PLA2‐evoked p38 MAPK activation and ERK inactivation are involved in ADAM17 posttranscriptional up‐regulation, and suggest that the action of PLA2 is catalytic activity‐dependent. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 148–157, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional control of DNA methyltransferase 3B is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Mei Chuanzhong , Sun Lidong , Liu Yonglei , Yang Yong , Cai Xiumei , Liu Mingzhu , Yao Wantong , Wang Can , Li Xin , Wang Liying , Li Zengxia , Shi Yinghong , Qiu Shuangjian , Fan Jia , Zha Xiliang
Published: May 2010

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are essential for maintenance of aberrant methylation in cancer cells and play important roles in the development of cancers. Unregulated activation of PI3K/Akt pathway is a prominent feature of many human cancers including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In present study, we found that DNMT3B mRNA and protein levels were decreased in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in HCC cell lines with LY294002 treatment. However, we detected that LY294002 treatment did not induce increase of the degradation of DNMT3B protein using protein decay assay. Moreover we found that Akt induced alteration of the expression of DNMT3B in cells transfected with myristylated variants of Akt2 or cells transfected with small interfering RNA respectively. Based on DNMT3B promoter dual‐luciferase reporter assay, we found PI3K pathway regulates DNMT3B expression at transcriptional level. And DNMT3B mRNA decay analysis suggested that down‐regulation of DNMT3B by LY294002 is also post‐transcriptional control. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LY294002 down‐regulated HuR expression in a time‐dependent manner in BEL‐7404. In summary, we have, for the first time, demonstrate that PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the expression of DNMT3B at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels, which is particularly important to understand the effects of PI3K/Akt and DNMT3B on hepatocarcinogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 158–167, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UV light killing efficacy of fluorescent protein‐expressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kimura Hiroaki , Lee Claudia , Hayashi Katsuhiro , Yamauchi Kensuke , Yamamoto Norio , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Tomita Katsuro , Bouvet Michael , Hoffman Robert M.
Published: May 2010

We investigated the cell‐killing efficacy of UV light on cancer cells expressing GFP in the nucleus and RFP in the cytoplasm (dual‐color cells). After exposure to various doses of UVA, UVB, or UVC, apoptotic and viable cells were quantitated under fluorescence microscopy using dual‐color 143B human osteosarcoma cells, HT‐1080 human fibrosarcoma cells, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), and XPA‐1 human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. UV‐induced cancer cell death was wave‐length and dose dependent, as well as cell‐line dependent. After UVA exposure, most cells were viable even when the UV dose was increased up to 200 J/m2. With UVB irradiation, cell death was observed with irradiation at 50 J/m2. For UVC, as little as 25 J/m2 UVC irradiation killed approximately 70% of the 143B dual‐color cells. This dose of UVB or UVA had almost no effect on the cancer cells. UV‐induced cancer cell death varied among the cell lines. Cell death began about 4 h after irradiation and continued until 10 h after irradiation. UVC exposure also suppressed cancer cell growth in nude mice in a model of minimal residual cancer (MRC). No apparent side effects of UVC exposure were observed. This study opens up the possibility of UVC treatment for MRC after surgical resection. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1439–1446, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin modifies expression and nuclear/cytosolic localization of bovine herpesvirus 1 immediate‐early protein (bICP0) during infection
Authors: Fiorito Filomena , Marfè Gabriella , Granato Giovanna E. , Ciarcia Roberto , De Blasio Emma , Tafani Marco , Florio Salvatore , De Martino Luisa , Muzi Gianmarco , Pagnini Ugo , Giordano Antonio
Published: May 2010

Our previous studies have demonstrated that 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) increases Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV‐1) replication through a dose‐dependent increase in cytopathy and increased viral titer. Furthermore, TCDD was able to trigger BHV‐1‐induced apoptosis by up‐regulating the activation of initiator caspases 8 and 9, as well as of effector caspase 3. Since TCDD activates caspase 3 after 4 h of infection, we have hypothesized an involvement of BHV‐1 infected cell protein 0 (bICP0) in this process. Such protein, the major transcriptional regulatory protein of BHV‐1, has been shown to indirectly induce caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. In order to elucidate the role of bICP0 in this apoptotic pathway, here we have analyzed the effects of TCDD on bICP0 expression. Following infection of bovine cells with BHV‐1, we detected apoptotic features already at 12 h after infection, only in TCDD exposed groups. Furthermore, in the presence of different doses of TCDD, we observed a time‐dependent modulation and increase of bICP0 gene expression levels, as revealed by RT‐PCR analysis. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry revealed that TCDD induced an increase of bICP0 protein levels in a dose‐dependent manner, compared to unexposed groups. Moreover, Western blot analysis of nuclear and cytosolic fractions of infected cells revealed that TCDD anticipated the presence of bICP0 protein in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, both the increase of replication of BHV‐1 and anticipation of BHV‐1‐induced apoptosis could be the result of a relationship between TCDD and bICP0. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 333–342, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5 during N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide‐induced neuronal differentiation of ARPE‐19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells: Regulation by CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein
Authors: Samuel William , Kutty R. Krishnan , Vijayasarathy Camasamudram , Pascual Iranzu , Duncan Todd , Redmond T. Michael
Published: May 2010

Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐binding protein‐5 (IGFBP5), an important member of the IGF axis involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation, acts by modulating IGF signaling and also by IGF‐independent mechanisms. We identified IGFBP5 by microarray analysis as a gene differentially regulated during N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR)‐induced neuronal differentiation of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. IGFBP5 is expressed in human RPE cells, and its expression, mRNA as well as protein, is greatly decreased during the 4HPR‐induced neuronal differentiation. Exogenous IGFBP5 does not block the neuronal differentiation indicating that IGFBP5 down‐regulation may not be a prerequisite for the neuronal differentiation. IGFBP5 down‐regulation, similar to neuronal differentiation, is mediated by the MAPK pathway since U0126, an inhibitor of MEK1/2, effectively blocked it. The overexpression of transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein‐β (C/EBPβ) inhibited the 4HPR‐induced down‐regulation of IGFBP5 expression and the neuronal differentiation of RPE cells. Interestingly, the binding of C/EBPβ to the IGFBP5 promoter was decreased by the 4HPR treatment as indicated by gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Further, the deletion of C/EBP response element from IGFBP5 promoter markedly decreased the basal promoter activity and abolished its responsiveness to 4HPR treatment in reporter assays, suggesting that the expression of IGFBP5 is regulated by C/EBP. Thus, our results clearly demonstrate that the IGFBP5 expression is down‐regulated during 4HPR‐induced neuronal differentiation of human RPE cells through a MAPK signal transduction pathway involving C/EBPβ. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 827–836, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Divergent molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic functions of macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 in cancer
Authors: Mimeault Murielle , Batra Surinder K.
Published: May 2010

Multifunctional macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1, MIC‐1, is a member of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily that plays key roles in the prenatal development and regulation of the cellular responses to stress signals and inflammation and tissue repair after acute injuries in adult life. The stringent control of the MIC‐1 expression, secretion, and functions involves complex regulatory mechanisms and the interplay of other growth factor signaling networks that control the cell behavior. The deregulation of MIC‐1 expression and signaling pathways has been associated with diverse human diseases and cancer progression. The MIC‐1 expression levels substantially increase in cancer cells, serum, and/or cerebrospinal fluid during the progression of diverse human aggressive cancers, such as intracranial brain tumors, melanoma, and lung, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, and breast epithelial cancers. Of clinical interest, an enhanced MIC‐1 expression has been positively correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival. Secreted MIC‐1 cytokine, like the TGF‐β prototypic member of the superfamily, may provide pleiotropic roles in the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. In particular, MIC‐1 may contribute to the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastases, and treatment resistance of cancer cells as well as tumor‐induced anorexia and weight loss in the late stages of cancer. Thus, secreted MIC‐1 cytokine constitutes a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target of great clinical interest for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods and/or cancer treatment against numerous metastatic, recurrent, and lethal cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 626–635, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of imidazolin‐2‐ones by rearrangement of N‐carbamoyliminium salts derived from 4‐hydroxyimidazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Hough T. L.
Published: May 2010

The action of trifluoroacetic acid on 4‐hydroxyimidazolidin‐2‐ones 9a,b,c induces the formation of N‐carbamoyliminium salts 10a,b,c which rearrange to imidazolin‐2‐ones 11a,b,c. The reactions proceed in high yield at ambient temperatures.
Synthesis and spectral properties of 4‐(ortho‐R‐benzylideneamine)‐5‐[2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethenyl]‐3‐methylisoxazole
Authors: Eduardo Cortés C. , Eduardo Cortés R. , Martínez Roberto , Avila Gustavo , Sandoval Arturo
Published: May 2010

The preparation of several 5,4‐disubstituted 3‐methylisoxazoles is described. The structure of all products was corroborated by ir, 1H‐nmr and mass spectrometry.
Sels de n‐alcoxypyridinium porteurs d'une fonction cetone dans leur chaine alcoxyle: Synthese et reactivite vis‐à‐vis d'amines secondaires
Authors: Sliwa Henri , Randria‐Raharimanana Clarisse
Published: May 2010

La réaction de l' α‐bromo isobutyrophénone sur les N‐oxydes de pyridine, de γ‐ et de β‐picoline, en présence de nitrate d'argent, conduit à des sels de N‐alcoxy pyridinium et picolinium porteurs d'une fonction cétone dans leur chaĉne alcoxyle. Soumis à l'action de la pyrrolidine ces sels sont convertis en ω‐pyrrolidino butadiènyl‐4 isoxazolinols‐3 substitués ou non par un groupe méthyle dans leur chaĉne butadiénique. La réaction precède selon un mécanisme PARC‐ANRO (Proton Abstraction, Ring Closure — Addition of a Nucleophile, Ring Opening) comme le confirme l'isolement du sel d'isoxazolinopyridinium intermédiaire issu de la premiere phase de cette séquence. Cette conversion hétérocyclique, qui peut constituer une nouvelle approche de la synthése de dérives terpénoïdes, est concurrencée, dans le cas du sel dérivé du N‐oxyde de β‐picoline, par une nouvelle fragmentation alcoxylogue du mode A de la classification de Katritzky.
The syntheses of 5‐amino‐3‐t‐butylisothiazole and 3‐amino‐5‐t‐butylisothiazole
Authors: Hackler Ronald E. , Burow Kenneth W. , Kaster Sylvester V. , Wickiser David I.
Published: May 2010

A general synthesis of 3‐amino‐3‐alkylpropenenitriles is described. These intermediates are further transformed to 5‐amino‐3‐alkylisothiazoles. Also described is the synthesis of the novel isomer, 3‐amino‐5‐t‐butyl‐isothiazole.
Benzotriazol‐1‐ylmethylammonium salts synthesis and reactivity
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Hughes Craig V. , Rachwal Stanislaw
Published: May 2010

Benzotriazol‐1‐ylmethylamines on treatment with alkylating agents afford benzotriazol‐1‐ylmethylammoni‐um salts, also available from reactions of chloromethylbenzotriazole with tertiary amines. In deuterated solvents under basic conditions the methylene protons of these salts exchange with deuterium. At elevated temperatures, an alkyl group substituent migrated from the ammonium center to the benzotriazolyl N‐3. Reactions of the salts with Grignard reagents afforded various products arising from substitution of the ammonium moiety and/or from attack on the benzotriazolyl N‐3 or on the benzenoid ring.
A facile synthesis of 6‐alkoxy‐2,4‐diaryl‐5‐cyanopyridine
Authors: Al‐Arab Mohammad M.
Published: May 2010

A new synthesis of substituted pyridine is reported. The base catalyzed reaction of substituted chalcones with malononitrile using sodium ethoxide in ethanol at room temperature afforded 2,4‐diaryl‐5‐cyano‐6‐ethoxypyridine. Similarly, 2,4‐diaryl‐5‐cyano‐6‐methoxypyridine have been prepared in presence of sodium methoxide in methanol as a catalyst.
A general method for the preparation of 2‐substituted‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids
Authors: Kiely John S. , Huang Suchin , Lesheski Lawrence E.
Published: May 2010

A general method for preparing 2‐substituted‐4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acids and 2‐substituted‐4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acids as new analogs in the quinolone class of antiinfectives has been developed. The reaction of a Grignard reagent in the presence of copper(I) iodide with the 4‐oxo‐3‐quinolinecar‐boxylic acid esters and 4‐oxo‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid esters yields the desired 2‐substituent. Re‐introduction of the 2,3‐double bond is effected by phenylselenation of the 3‐position, oxidation to the selen‐oxide, and in situ syn‐elimisation. Depending on the degree of steric crowding between the 2‐substituent and the 3‐carboxylic acid group, hydrolysis of the ester to the carboxylic acid could be carried out under acidic or basic conditions.
Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. Part 22. Pyrrolo[3,4‐d]‐1,2,3‐triazines: A new ring system as potential antineoplastic agent
Authors: Dattolo Gaetano , Cirrincione Girolamo , Almerico Anna Maria , Aiello Enrico
Published: May 2010

Diazotization of the 3‐aminopyrrole‐4‐carboxamides 6a,b under different conditions directly led to the new ring system pyrrolo[3,4‐d]‐1,2,3‐triazine in excellent yields through an intramolecular coupling reaction. In all the cases it was impossible to isolate the intermediate 3‐diazopyrroles.
Dimroth rearrangement of 5‐hydrazino‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles
Authors: L'Abbé Gerrit , Vanderstede Els
Published: May 2010

The reversible isomerization of 5‐hydrazino‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles and 1‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,3‐triazoles has been established for an ester function at the 4‐position (4a ⇌ 5a). Thus, 4a was isolated by reacting 3a with two equivalents of hydrazine, whereas 5a resulted when an excess of hydrazine was used. Acid treatment of 5a yielded 4a again, and its hydrazone 8 was obtained from 5a and benzaldehyde. Compound 5a was also converted into the derivatives 6a, 7, 9 and 10a‐c. The less reactive 5‐chloro‐1,2,3‐thiadiazoles 3b,c afforded the bis‐heterocycles 6b,c on heating with hydrazine.
Synthesis of 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylene‐2,2,10‐trimethyl‐2,3‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐b]‐acridin‐5(10H)‐one, a new synthetic analog of noracronycine
Authors: Reisch Johannes , Kamal G. M. , Gunaherath B.
Published: May 2010

A new tetracyclic acridinone, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylene‐2,2,10‐trimethyl‐2,3‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐b]acridin‐5(10H)‐one (1), has been synthesized. The linear orientation of the furan ring was confirmed by an nOe experiment.
2,6‐Dihydroxy‐4H‐pyridazino[3,4,5‐de]quinazoline: A new ring system
Authors: Combs Donald W. , Rampulla Marianne S.
Published: May 2010

The synthesis and spectral properties of 2,6‐dihydroxy‐4H‐pyridazino[3,4,5‐de]quinazoline 1 are described. This compound represents the first member of a new tetraazatricyclic ring system and exhibits biological activity.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—synthesis of compounds labelled with long‐lived isotopes Session 1: Monday, June 15, 2009
Authors: Hesk David , Derdau Volker
Published: May 2010

Abstract: This session outlined methods useful for the synthesis of intermediates labeled with carbon‐13, carbon‐14 or tritium. Additional papers described the utilization of carbon‐14 and tritium intermediates in the synthesis of labelled compounds for use in the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural agents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—WBA‐drug discovery and development Session 12, Tuesday, June 16, 2009
Authors: Whitby Brian , Solon Eric
Published: May 2010

Abstract: A survey of QWBA, using current methodologies was given followed by a discussion of possible future advances in using this technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—Wiley Young Scientist Awards Session 10, Tuesday, June 16, 2009
Authors: Jones Larry , Salter Rhys
Published: May 2010

Addresses by the three of the four Wiley Young Scientist Award winners are highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of hazelnut oil in extra‐virgin olive oil by analysis of polar components by micro‐solid phase extraction based on hydrophilic liquid chromatography and MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry
Authors: Calvano Cosima D. , Aresta Antonella , Zambonin Carlo G.
Published: May 2010

The oil polar fraction may have a great potential for the characterization of vegetable oils and for the individuation of adulterations. In particular, adulteration of extra‐virgin olive oil (EVOO) with hazelnut oil (HO) is one of the most difficult ones to detect due to the similar composition as regards triacylglycerol, total sterol and fatty acid profile. A new micro‐solid phase extraction (µ‐SPE) procedure based on hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) micro‐columns was developed for the selective extraction and enrichment of polar compounds from EVOO and HO before matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐ToF‐MS) analysis. The method permits a simple and fast qualitative analysis of the polar fraction of the oils under study; furthermore, some peaks (such as the m/z ions 496.39, 520.46 and 522.47) were found to be present only in HO, indicating that they could be diagnostic for the presence of HO in EVOO. In order to verify the potential of the method for the individuation of this adulteration, EVOO was progressively adulterated with variable quantities of HO, subjected to the HILIC enrichment and finally to MALDI‐ToF‐MS analysis; the detection of adulteration was possible up to the level of 5%. Eventually, diagnostic polar compounds were identified as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (16 : 0/0 : 0), LPC (18 : 2/0 : 0), LPC (18 : 1/0 : 0) by means of capillary liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐quadrupole‐ToF‐MS (CapLC‐ESI‐Q‐ToF‐MS) analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopy monitoring of the cellular activities of a tissue‐engineered ex vivo produced oral mucosal equivalent
Authors: Lo Wen‐Liang , Lai Jian‐Yun , Feinberg Stephen E. , Izumi Kenji , Kao Shou‐Yen , Chang Che‐Shoa , Lin Alan , Chiang Huihua Kenny
Published: May 2010

To ensure quality control and assurance in tissue engineering, noninvasive, real‐time and aseptic evaluation of cell‐based devices is required before product release. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was applied to monitor the cellular activities of an oral mucosa equivalent (EVPOME) produced ex vivo from cultured autogenous oral keratinocytes and acellular dermis—AlloDerm. Raman spectra showed a positive correlation of the peak area ratio of amide I (1655 cm−1)/phenylalanine (1004 cm−1) with a negative linear regression (R2 > 0.95) according to the number of cultured days, especially on the 14thand 21st day. This work demonstrates the successful application of Raman spectroscopy for quantitatively monitoring and evaluating the maturity of EVPOME. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of liquid phase deposition prepared phosphonate grafted silica nanoparticle‐deposited capillaries in the enrichment of phosphopeptides
Authors: Wu Jian‐Hong , Zhao Yong , Li Ting , Xu Cong , Xiao Kuang , Feng Yu‐Qi , Guo Lin
Published: May 2010

In our current work, we describe how open tubular‐immobilized metal‐ion affinity chromatography (OT‐IMAC) capillary columns connected to a solid phase microextraction (in‐tube SPME) device can be used for the enrichment of phosphopeptides. A phosphonate modified silica nanoparticle (NP)‐deposited capillary was prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD), and used for the immobilization of Fe3+, Zr4+ or Ti4+. The enrichment capacities of three different OT‐IMAC capillary columns were compared by using tryptically digested α‐casein as sample. The improved extraction efficiency in our technique was demonstrated by comparing to a directly modified capillary, and a comparison of phosphopeptide extraction from simple and complex samples was tested for both modes. Our results show that the NP‐IMAC‐Zr4+ capillary column can be used to selectively isolate phosphopeptides from real samples, and can enrich for β‐casein phosphopeptides from concentrations as low as 1.7×10−9 M.