bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetry Breaking of Counter-Propagating Light in a Nonlinear Resonator
Authors: Del Bino Leonardo , Silver Jonathan M. , Stebbings Sarah L. , Del'Haye Pascal
Published: February 2017

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a concept of fundamental importance in many areas of physics, underpinning such diverse phenomena as ferromagnetism, superconductivity, superfluidity and the Higgs mechanism. Here we demonstrate nonreciprocity and spontaneous symmetry breaking between counter-propagating light in dielectric microresonators. The symmetry breaking corresponds to a resonance frequency splitting that allows only one of two counter-propagating (but otherwise identical) states of light to circulate in the resonator. Equivalently, this effect can be seen as the collapse of standing waves and transition to travelling waves within the resonator. We present theoretical calculations to show that the symmetry breaking is induced by Kerr-nonlinearity-mediated interaction between the counter-propagating light. Our findings pave the way for a variety of applications including optically controllable circulators and isolators, all-optical switching, nonlinear-enhanced rotation sensing, optical flip-flops for photonic memories as well as exceptionally sensitive power and refractive index sensors.
Impact of bounded noise on the formation and instability of spiral wave in a 2D Lattice of neurons
Authors: Yao Yuangen , Deng Haiyou , Yi Ming , Ma Jun
Published: February 2017

Spiral waves in the neocortex may provide a spatial framework to organize cortical oscillations, thus help signal communication. However, noise influences spiral wave. Many previous theoretical studies about noise mainly focus on unbounded Gaussian noise, which contradicts that a real physical quantity is always bounded. Furthermore, non-Gaussian noise is also important for dynamical behaviors of excitable media. Nevertheless, there are no results concerning the effect of bounded noise on spiral wave till now. Based on Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model subjected to bounded noise with the form of Asin[ωt + σW(t)], the influences of bounded noise on the formation and instability of spiral wave in a two-dimensional (2D) square lattice of neurons are investigated in detail by separately adjusting the intensity σ, amplitude A, and frequency f of bounded noise. It is found that the increased intensity σ can facilitate the formation of spiral wave while the increased amplitude A tends to destroy spiral wave. Furthermore, frequency of bounded noise has the effect of facilitation or inhibition on pattern synchronization. Interestingly, for the appropriate intensity, amplitude and frequency can separately induce resonance-like phenomenon.
Glial GLT-1 blockade in infralimbic cortex as a new strategy to evoke rapid antidepressant-like effects in rats
Authors: Gasull-Camós J , Tarrés-Gatius M , Artigas F , Castañé A
Published: February 2017

Ketamine and deep brain stimulation produce rapid antidepressant effects in humans and rodents. An increased AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) signaling in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been suggested to mediate these responses. However, little research has addressed the direct effects of enhancing glutamate tone or AMPA-R stimulation in mPFC subdivisions. The current study investigates the behavioral and neurochemical consequences of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) blockade or s-AMPA microinfusion in the infralimbic (IL) and prelimbic (PrL) cortex. Owing to the connectivity between the mPFC and raphe nuclei, the role of serotonin is also explored. The bilateral microinfusion of the depolarizing agent veratridine into IL -but not PrL- of rats evoked immediate antidepressant-like responses. The same regional selectivity was observed after microinfusion of dihydrokainic acid (DHK), a selective inhibitor of GLT-1, present in astrocytes. The DHK-evoked antidepressant-like responses appear to be mediated by an AMPA-R-driven enhancement of serotonergic activity, as (i) they were prevented by NBQX 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide disodium salt) and mimicked by s-AMPA; (ii) DHK and s-AMPA elevated similarly extracellular glutamate in IL and PrL, although extracellular 5-HT and c-fos expression in the midbrain dorsal raphe increased only when these agents were applied in IL; and (iii) DHK antidepressant-like responses were prevented by 5-HT synthesis inhibition and mimicked by citalopram microinfusion in IL. These results indicate that an acute increase of glutamatergic neurotransmission selectively in IL triggers immediate antidepressant-like responses in rats, likely mediated by the activation of IL–raphe pathways, which then results in a fast increase of serotonergic activity.
Calcium phosphate nanoparticles prepared from infusion fluids for stem cell transfection: process optimization and cytotoxicity analysis
Authors: Shubhra Quazi T. H. , Oyane Ayako , Araki Hiroko , Nakamura Maki , Tsurushima Hideo
Published: February 2017

The preparation of calcium phosphate nanoparticles from infusion fluids for gene delivery to stem cells and CHO-K1 cells is reported.
Magnetic microkayaks: propulsion of microrods precessing near a surface by kilohertz frequency, rotating magnetic fields
Authors: Mair L. O. , Evans E. E. , Nacev A. , Stepanov P. Y. , Hilaman R. , Chowdhury S. , Jafari S. , Wang W. , Shapiro B. , Weinberg I. N.
Published: February 2017

Rotating microrods magnetized nearly orthogonally to their long axes are actuated near a solid surface, demonstrating precession akin to a kayaker's paddle.
13-93 bioactive glass/alginate composite scaffolds 3D printed under mild conditions for bone regeneration
Authors: Luo Guilin , Ma Yufei , Cui Xu , Jiang Lixin , Wu Mingming , Hu Yang , Luo Yanfeng , Pan Haobo , Ruan Changshun
Published: February 2017

Composite scaffolds of type 13-93 bioactive glass (13-93 BG) and sodium alginate (SA), denoted 13-93 BG/SA, in mass ratios of 0 : 4, 1 : 4, 2 : 4 and 4 : 4 were prepared for bone regeneration by 3D printing under mild conditions.
Effect of hydroxyapatite particle size on the formation of chloropyromorphite in anglesite–hydroxyapatite suspensions
Authors: Wang Yu , Dong Xiaoqing , Cui Jing , Wei Zhenggui , Wang Xiaohong
Published: February 2017

As the HAP particle size was decreased, the surfaces of the undissolved HAPs were coated by newly formed chloropyromorphite at a higher pH value, and particularly at a high P : Pb ratio, indicating that HAP particle size was a rate-limiting factor.
Screening for Cu–S based thermoelectric materials using crystal structure features
Authors: Zhang Rui-zhi , Chen Kan , Du Baoli , Reece Michael J.
Published: February 2017

Using high throughput screening, thirteen compounds were identified as promising thermoelectric materials and two of them were successfully fabricated.
Confined condensation synthesis and magnetic properties of layered copper hydroxide frameworks
Authors: Park Seong-Hun , Jung Myung-Hwa , Lee Yong-Jung , Huh Young-Duk
Published: February 2017

We present a confined condensation technique for the fabrication of layered copper hydroxide frameworks from lamellar copper-organic assemblies with long alkyl chains through the selective introduction of hydroxo bridging ligands.
DNP-enhanced ultrawideline 207Pb solid-state NMR spectroscopy: an application to cultural heritage science
Authors: Kobayashi Takeshi , Perras Frédéric A. , Murphy Anna , Yao Yao , Catalano Jaclyn , Centeno Silvia A. , Dybowski Cecil , Zumbulyadis Nicholas , Pruski Marek
Published: February 2017

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is used to enhance the (ultra)wideline 207Pb solid-state NMR spectra of lead compounds of relevance in the preservation of cultural heritage objects.
Synthesis of 2-aryloxy butenoates by copper-catalysed allylic C–H carboxylation of allyl aryl ethers with carbon dioxide
Authors: Ueno Atsushi , Takimoto Masanori , Hou Zhaomin
Published: February 2017

2-Aryloxy butenoates were efficiently synthesized by deprotonative alumination of ally aryl ethers and subsequent Cu-catalysed carboxylation with CO2.
Investigation of luminescence and structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles, synthesized with different precursors
Authors: Kumar Jangir Lokesh , Kumari Yogita , Kumar Anil , Kumar Manoj , Awasthi Kamlendra
Published: February 2017

Luminescence and structural properties of ZnO nanoparticles.
Al-Based porous coordination polymer derived nanoporous carbon for immobilization of glucose oxidase and its application in glucose/O2 biofuel cell and biosensor
Authors: Kang Zepeng , Jiao Kailong , Peng Ruiyun , Hu Zongqian , Jiao Shuqiang
Published: February 2017

Herein, we report the first example of using the Al-based porous coordination polymers (Al-PCP) as a template for preparation of nanoporous carbon through a two-step carbonized method.
A reversible fluorescence nanoswitch based on dynamic covalent B–O bonds using functional carbon quantum dots and its application for α-glucosidase activity monitoring
Authors: Ao Hang , Feng Hui , Huang Xiaolu , Zhao Meizhi , Qian Zhaosheng
Published: February 2017

A reversible fluorescence nanoswitch based on dynamic covalent B–O bonds that responds to the external stimulus of pH was developed, and further utilized to monitor α-glucosidase activity.
On‐metal UHF‐RFID passive tags based on complementary split‐ring resonators
Authors: Zuffanelli Simone , Zamora Gerard , Paredes Ferran , Aguila Pau , Martin Ferran , Bonache Jordi
Published: February 2017

The use of complementary split‐ring resonators (CSRRs) as radiating elements in low‐profile on‐metal ultra‐high‐frequency radio‐frequency identification (UHF‐RFID) tags is explored in this study. First, the radiation properties of the edge‐coupled and the non‐bianisotropic (NB‐CSRR) versions of the CSRR are studied. The tag design strategy is then discussed in detail. On that basis, a compact (λ0/7 × λ0/7) low‐profile (1.27mm) tag prototype based on the non‐bianisotropic version of the CSRR (NB‐CSRR) antenna is designed and manufactured to operate in the North‐American UHF‐RFID band. The experimental results validate the theoretical and simulated behaviour, and exhibit a maximum read range of 6.8m.
Improved quasi‐analytic method for transient analysis of electrically large conducting targets illuminated by a complex source beam
Authors: Gao Min , Yang Feng , Yan Fei , Cui Xuewu , Zhou Longjian
Published: February 2017

A novel method based on time‐domain physical optics (TDPO) is proposed to determine the transient response of electrically large conducting targets which are modelled with triangular facets. TD complex source beam (TDCSB) is used to illuminate the complex target. Different from plane wave, the propagation direction of CSB is not a line in real space. A fast shadowing technique based on Z‐buffer algorithm is presented to determine the shadowed area of PO when TDCSB is adopted. Analytic time transform is utilised to investigate the analytic step response of a complex target. With an appropriate transform, the two‐dimensional (2D) integral of TDPO can be reduced to 1D which is independent of electrical size. Since the tedious and time‐consuming numerical integration in the conventional TDPO is avoided, this method has a significant superiority in terms of speed. Numerical results are showed in this study to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Dual‐band electrically coupled loop antenna for implant applications
Authors: Akbarpour Alireza , Chamaani Somayyeh
Published: February 2017

Recent low power implant to off‐body communication systems uses both medical implant communication services (MICS) and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. In these systems, MICS band and ISM band (2.45 GHz) are dedicated for data transmission and wake‐up signal, respectively. This dual band operation which incredibly extends the life time of battery forces designers to use dual band antennas in both implant and off‐body sides. In this study, a dual band implant electrically coupled loop antenna is proposed. This antenna as dual of planar inverted‐F antenna is a magnetic antenna with inherently low near zone electric field and therefore produces low specific absorption rate (SAR) inside the body. The antenna is miniaturised using a lumped capacitor. In spite of small size of 5 × 5 × 3 mm3, the simulated 1 g average SAR is smaller than reported dual band implant antennas in both frequency bands and makes the proposed antenna a good candidate for implant applications.
Recent omics technologies and their emerging applications for personalised medicine
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyuk , Kim Young‐Sook , Son Nam‐Il , Kang Chan‐Koo , Kim Ah‐Ram
Published: February 2017

A major objective of ‘omics’ technologies is to understand genetic causality of complex traits of human diseases. High‐throughput omics technologies and their application to medicine open up remarkable opportunities for realising optimised medical treatment for individuals. Because many major breakthrough and discoveries in this field have been driven by the development of new omics technologies, in this review, the authors aim to provide an in‐depth description of their underlying principles as a foundation of developing another new omics technology, and to introduce their emerging applications for personalised medicine. The systems biology approach is then introduced as a future direction towards actionable personalised medicine.
Frequency regularities of acoustic modes and multi-colour mode identification in rapidly rotating stars
Authors: Reese D. R. , Lignières F. , Ballot J. , Dupret M.-A. , Barban C. , van ’t Veer-Menneret C. , MacGregor K. B.
Published: February 2017

Context. Mode identification has remained a major obstacle in the interpretation of pulsation spectra in rapidly rotating stars. This has motivated recent work on calculating realistic multi-colour mode visibilities in this type of star.

Aims. We would like to test mode identification methods and seismic diagnostics in rapidly rotating stars, using oscillation spectra that are based on these new theoretical predictions.

Methods. We investigate the auto-correlation function and Fourier transform of theoretically calculated frequency spectra, in which modes are selected according to their visibilities. Given that intrinsic mode amplitudes are determined by non-linear saturation and cannot currently be theoretically predicted, we experimented with various ad-hoc prescriptions for setting the mode amplitudes, including using random values. Furthermore, we analyse the ratios between mode amplitudes observed in different photometric bands to see up to what extent they can identify modes.

Results. When non-random intrinsic mode amplitudes are used, our results show that it is possible to extract a mean value for the large frequency separation or half its value and, sometimes, twice the rotation rate, from the auto-correlation of the frequency spectra. Furthermore, the Fourier transforms are mostly sensitive to the large frequency separation or half its value. The combination of the two methods may therefore measure and distinguish the two types of separations. When the intrinsic mode amplitudes include random factors, which seems more representative of real stars, the results are far less favourable. It is only when the large separation or half its value coincides with twice the rotation rate, that it might be possible to detect the signature of a frequency regularity. We also find that amplitude ratios are a good way of grouping together modes with similar characteristics. By analysing the frequencies of these groups, it is possible to constrain mode identification, as well as determine the large frequency separation and the rotation rate.
Is Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (Jeune's Syndrome) Deadly and Should We Insist on Treating It? Reconstructive Surgery “On Demand”
Authors: Drebov Rosen , Katsarov Atanas , Gagov Emiliyan , Atanasova Nia , Penev Zlatin , Iliev Alexander
Published: February 2017

Our aim is to present the treatment of one of the skeletal manifestations of Jeune's syndrome (JS), the hypoplastic chest, which can result in thoracic insufficiency syndrome and present “on-demand” stage surgical technique using mandible locking plate system for the fixation of ribs. The diagnosis “Jeune's syndrome” was presented clinically in a 3-month-old girl from a family in which the first child died of JS at the age of 18 months. After close follow-up for several months and preoperative planning, we decided to make reconstructive chest operation with atypical use of a double-angled mandible locking plate for fixation. The plate was shaped as a “crown” to ensure the three dimension stability, from the dorsal part of the most curved ribs (paravertebrally) to the sternum after the resection of this area. Operation was done at the period of worsened breathing. For nearly 1 year, the rib cage preserved its stability and the child was in good condition. During the next 3 months, the upper part of the deformation started to grow inward fast. Second operation was “on demand,” and the implants used were mandible locking plates curved anterolaterally to effectuate extension of the rib cage and the sternum. In both the reconstructive operations, we spared the rectus and pectoral muscles and achieved good enlargement of the thoracic volume. The postoperative period is smooth and the child is active, without complications. We believe that in the future, the treatment should be “on demand” according to the course of the illness and the results of the follow-up examinations and adequate to the progress of chest wall deformity.
Percutaneous Full Endoscopic Treatment of Bertolotti Syndrome: A Report of Three Cases with Technical Note
Authors: Paudel Byapak , Jang Jee , Choi Jeong , Chung Sung , Lee Jung , Kim Jeong , Oh Seong , Jang Il , Kim Hyeun-Sung
Published: February 2017

Background Bertolotti syndrome is characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar vertebra. Most of the time it is asymptomatic, but when it is symptomatic it is associated with low back pain, radiating leg pain, or both. There is no consensus regarding management of this pathology. Open to minimal invasive tubular resection techniques are described in the literature, but a full endoscopic resection technique has not yet been described. Endoscopic technique is a less invasive target-oriented iliolumbar ligament preserving technique. We report our percutaneous full endoscopic technique for the treatment of symptomatic Bertolotti syndrome.

Method We have treated three symptomatic cases of Bertolotti syndrome with the percutaneous endoscopic technique. We review the feasibility of this technique and the outcomes.

Result Full endoscopic resection of Bertolotti syndrome is feasible and safe with comparable good outcomes and the added benefits of minimal invasive surgery.

Conclusion We believe this novel percutaneous full endoscopic technique will yield good results in the hands of expert endoscopic spine surgeons and can be an alternative treatment method in cases of symptomatic Bertolotti syndrome. To our knowledge this is the first report of percutaneous full endoscopic treatment of Bertolotti syndrome in the world.
Cromolyn Sodium Attenuates Paraquat-Induced Lung Injury by Modulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Harchegani Amir Larki , Hemmati Ali Asghar , Nili-Ahmadabadi Amir , Darabi Borhan , Shabib Somayeh
Published: February 2017

The current study aimed to investigate the effects of Cromolyn Sodium (CS) on proinflammatory cytokines in Paraquat (PQ)-induced lung damage in rat. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1 and 2 received nebulized vehicle and CS (8 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive weeks, respectively. Group 3 was treated with single oral dose of PQ (40 mg/kg). Groups 4 and 5 were PQ groups which received nebulized CS (6 and 8 mg/kg/day, respectively) from 1 week before to 2 weeks after PQ administration. Finally, the animals were scarified and the changes of hydroxyproline (HP) and histology were evaluated in lung tissue. In addition, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 levels were determined in serum samples. The results showed that lung HP level as well as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8 were significantly lower in the CS treated rats as compared to PQ group. The best response, however, was observed with the 8 mg/kg of CS as confirmed by histology findings. This study suggests that CS may prevent progression of PQ-induced lung damage by decreasing of inflammatory cytokines.
Coarse-grained simulations of cis- and trans-polybutadiene: A bottom-up approach
Authors: Lemarchand Claire A. , Couty Marc , Rousseau Bernard
Published: February 2017

We apply the dissipative particle dynamics strategy proposed by Hijón et al. [Faraday Discuss. 144, 301–322 (2010)] and based on an exact derivation of the generalized Langevin equation to cis- and trans-1,4-polybutadiene. We prove that it is able to reproduce not only the structural but also the dynamical properties of these polymers without any fitting parameter. A systematic study of the effect of the level of coarse-graining is done on cis-1,4-polybutadiene. We show that as the level of coarse-graining increases, the dynamical properties are better and better reproduced while the structural properties deviate more and more from those calculated in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We suggest two reasons for this behavior: the Markovian approximation is better satisfied as the level of coarse-graining increases, while the pair-wise approximation neglects important contributions due to the relative orientation of the beads at large levels of coarse-graining. Finally, we highlight a possible limit of the Markovian approximation: the fact that in constrained simulations, in which the centers-of-mass of the beads are kept constant, the bead rotational dynamics become extremely slow.
Controlled formation of nanostructures on MoS2 layers by focused laser irradiation
Authors: Rani Renu , Dimple  , Jena Nityasagar , Kundu Anirban , Sarkar Abir De , Hazra Kiran Shankar
Published: February 2017

MoS2 nanostructures, i.e., nanoribbons, nano-mesh, etc., may open different prospect of applications in nano-electronic and opto-electronic devices and sensors. However, the fabrication of these complicated nanostructures can be executed by using standard nano-patterning techniques such as lithography, printing, etc. Nevertheless, these standard techniques involve affluent multistep processes to optimize scalability, form factors and accuracy in the feature size. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of unique nano-structures on MoS2, such as nano-ribbons and nano-mesh, by a simple one-step process of direct laser writing using 532 nm low power focused laser. The minimum power required to etch a MoS2 layer for a 532 nm laser is found to be ∼6.95 mW and the minimum void size observed is ∼300 nm, which is very close to the diffraction limit of the laser used. Both the experimental and computational results have shown that the voids induced by laser etching always take a hexagonal or triangular shape, which can be used to define crystal orientation of the MoS2 flake. Investigation shows that the periphery of hexagonal voids lies on S atoms, whereas for triangular voids, it lies on Mo atoms of the MoS2 crystal. In-depth AFM and Raman analysis show that the etching rate is tunable by controlling the laser power and the exposure time.
Spin waves in the fcc lattice antiferromagnet: competing interactions, frustration, and instabilities in the Hubbard model
Authors: Singh Avinash , Mohapatra Shubhajyoti , Ziman Timothy , Chatterji Tapan
Published: February 2017

Spin waves in the type-III ordered antiferromagnetic state of the frustrated t-t′ Hubbard model on the face-centred-cubic (fcc) lattice are calculated to investigate finite-U-induced competing interaction and frustration effects on magnetic excitations and instabilities. Particularly strong competing interactions generated due to the interplay of fcc lattice geometry and magnetic order result in significant spin wave softening. The calculated spin wave dispersion is found to be in qualitative agreement with the measured spin wave dispersion in the pyrite mineral MnS2 obtained from inelastic neutron scattering experiments. Instabilities to other magnetic orders (type I, type II, spiral, non-collinear), as signalled by spin wave energies turning negative, are also discussed.
Greater bilby burrows: important structures for a range of species in an arid environment
Authors: Hofstede Lucas , Dziminski Martin A.
Published: February 2017

Greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis) have been described as ecosystem engineers and their burrows are significant structures across an often featureless and harsh arid landscape. Remote cameras were deployed at bilby burrows to determine whether bilby burrows were important structures for other species. Cameras detected two mammal species, brush-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus blythi) and spinifex hopping mice (Notomys alexis), permanently occupying bilby burrows, and a further two species, short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus acanthion) and sand goannas (Varanus gouldii), regularly using bilby burrows for shelter. An additional suite of 16 mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian and invertebrate species were detected interacting with bilby burrows. There was no difference in the number of species using disused or occupied bilby burrows, indicating that even disused bilby burrows are important structures for other species. We show that bilby burrows are used by a range of species and are analogous to the traditional, mostly North American, and commonly provided text book examples of the gopher tortoise and kangaroo rat. The disappearance of bilbies across at least 80% of their former range and thus the disappearance of their burrows as important structural resources in a harsh, arid environment may have had important consequences for a range of species.
Henipaviruses: bat-borne paramyxoviruses
Authors: Edwards Sarah , Marsh Glenn A
Published: February 2017

Found on every continent except Antarctica, bats are one of the most abundant, diverse and geographically widespread vertebrates globally, making up approximately 20% of all known extant mammal species1,2. Noted for being the only mammal with the ability of powered flight, bats constitute the order Chiroptera (from the Ancient Greek meaning ‘hand wing’), which is further divided into two suborders: Megachiroptera known as megabats or flying foxes, and Microchiroptera comprising of echolocating microbats1,3.
Hunters' preferences and willingness to pay for driven hunts in southern Europe
Authors: Soliño Mario , Farizo Begoña A. , Campos Pablo
Published: February 2017

Context
Driven hunts exemplify the most representative form of big-game hunting in southern Europe.

Aims
We analysed hunter preferences for driven hunts and the marginal willingness to pay for their characteristics.

Methods
We conducted a discrete-choice experiment for driven hunts, taking into account the number of deer that could be hunted, the possibility of free-range wild-boar hunting, the presence of trophies, and other characteristics of driven hunts, such as congestion and travel time.

Key results
The highest influential driven-hunt characteristic on the utility of big-game hunters is the presence of trophy specimens, whereas for the small-game hunter it would be free-range wild-boar hunting.

Conclusions
Small-game hunters are reluctant to participate in the big-game market because of cultural factors and not because of budgetary restrictions.

Implications
Wildlife management and marketing of driven hunts can be improved taking into account the hunter preferences.
The attributive versus final distinction and the manifestation of “main clause phenomena” in Japanese and Korean noun modifying clause constructions
Authors: Horie Kaoru
Published: February 2017

This paper compares Japanese and Korean noun-modifying clause constructions (NMCCs) in terms of the extent to which they accommodate ‘main clause phenomena’. Specifically, Japanese NMCCs allow for address-politeness suffixes to occur, and for quoted speech to be manifested with minimal linking devices. These main clause phenomena are disallowed within Korean NMCCs. We argue that the greater tolerance toward main clause phenomena in Japanese NMCCs than in Korean counterparts is crucially related to a prominent morpho-syntactic difference between the two languages, i.e. the virtual absence (Japanese) versus systematic presence (Korean) of the distinction between attributive and sentence-final forms. The attributive-final distinction in Japanese was obliterated around the sixteenth century.
Noun-modifying clause constructions in Sino-Tibetan languages
Authors: LaPolla Randy J.
Published: February 2017

After a short background introduction on Sino-Tibetan noun modifying clause constructions generally, this paper demonstrates, using naturally occurring data, that the Mandarin pre-head noun-modifying clausal construction is grammatically unlike a relative clause construction, as normally conceived, even though it can be used to restrict the identification of the referent of the head noun, but is grammatically a noun-noun compound, and, like noun compounds, exhibits grammatically unrestricted association between the head and the modifier. The pragmatics of how the relation between the modifier and the head is understood is also briefly discussed.
Noun-modifying constructions in Marathi
Authors: Hook Peter Edwin , Pardeshi Prashant
Published: February 2017

We provide a detailed description of the types of noun-modifying constructions in Marathi whose counterparts in Japanese are considered to be structurally comparable and one type of. We show that in Marathi, while one type of relative construction and one type of noun-complement clause are formally distinct, there are other types that are identical in form, as in Japanese. Furthermore, the same noun-modifying construction in Marathi has yet other functions (among them are “gapless” relativization and disembedded or insubordinate predication) that are characteristic of their counterparts in Japanese. The data reported in our chapter is taken from published and online sources.
Impact of a Brief Addiction Medicine Training Experience on Knowledge Self-Assessment among Medical Learners
Authors: Klimas Jan , Ahamad Keith , Fairgrieve Christoper , McLean Mark , Mead Annabel , Nolan Seonaid , Wood Evan
Published: February 2017

Background: Implementation of evidence-based approaches to the treatment of various substance use disorders is needed to tackle the existing epidemic of substance use and related harms. Most clinicians, however, lack knowledge and practical experience with these approaches. Given this deficit, the authors examined the impact of an inpatient elective in addiction medicine amongst medical trainees on addiction-related knowledge and medical management. Methods: Trainees who completed an elective with a hospital-based Addiction Medicine Consult Team (AMCT) in Vancouver, Canada, from May 2015 to May 2016, completed a 9-item self-evaluation scale before and immediately after the elective. Results: A total of 48 participants completed both pre and post AMCT elective surveys. On average, participants were 28 years old (interquartile range [IQR] = 27–29) and contributed 20 days (IQR = 13–27) of clinical service. Knowledge of addiction medicine increased significantly post elective (mean difference [MD] = 8.63, standard deviation [SD] = 18.44; P = .002). The most and the least improved areas of knowledge were relapse prevention and substance use screening, respectively. Conclusions: Completion of a clinical elective with a hospital-based AMCT appears to improve medical trainees’ addiction-related knowledge. Further evaluation and expansion of addiction medicine education is warranted to develop the next generation of skilled addiction care providers.
Enhanced the hydrophobic surface and the photo-activity of TiO2-SiO2 composites
Authors: Wahyuni S , Prasetya A T
Published: February 2017

The aim of this research is to develop nanomaterials for coating applications. This research studied the effect of various TiO2-SiO2 composites in acrylic paint to enhance the hydrophobic properties of the substrate. Titanium dioxide containing silica in the range 20–35 mol% has been synthesized using sol–gel route. The XRD’s spectra show that increasing SiO2 content in the composite, decreasing its crystalline properties but increasing the surface area. TiO2-SiO2 composite was dispersed in acrylic paint in 2% composition by weight. The largest contact angle was 70, which produced by the substrate coated with TS-35-modified acrylic paint. This study also investigated the enhanced photo-activity of TiO2-SiO2 modified with poly-aniline. The XRD spectra show that the treatment does not change the crystal structure of TiO2. The photo-activity of the composite was evaluated by degradation of Rhodamine-B with visible light. The best performance of the degradation process was handled by the composite treated with 0.1mL anilines per gram of TiO2-SiO2 composite (TSP-A). On the other side, the contact angle 70 has not shown an excellent hydrophobic activity. However, the AFM spectra showed that nanoroughness has started to form on the surface of acrylic paint modified with TiO2-SiO2 than acrylic alone.
Tianshanbeilu and the Isotopic Millet Road: reviewing the late Neolithic/Bronze Age radiation of human millet consumption from north China to Europe
Authors: Wang Tingting , Wei Dong , Chang Xien , Yu Zhiyong , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Changsui , Hu Yaowu , Fuller Benjamin T
Published: February 2017

The westward expansion of human millet consumption from north China has important implications for understanding early interactions between the East and West. However, few studies have focused on the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the vast geographical area directly linking the ancient cultures of the Eurasian Steppe and the Gansu Corridor of China. In this study, we present the largest isotopic investigation of Bronze Age China (n = 110) on material from the key site of Tianshanbeilu, in eastern Xinjiang. The large range of δ13C values (–17.6‰ to –7.2‰; –15.5 ± 1.2‰) provides direct evidence of unique dietary diversity and consumption of significant C4 resources (millets). The high δ15N results (10.3‰ to 16.7‰; 14.7 ± 0.8‰) likely reflect sheep/goat and wild game consumption and the arid climate of the Taklamakan Desert. Radiocarbon dates from four individuals indicate Tianshanbeilu was in use between 1940 and 1215 cal bc. The Tianshanbeilu results are then analysed with respect to 52 Bronze Age sites from across Eurasia, to investigate the spread and chronology of significant human millet consumption and human migration. This isotopic survey finds novel evidence that the second millennium bc was a dynamic period, with significant dietary interconnectivity occurring between north China, Central Asia and Siberia. Further, we argue that this ‘Isotopic Millet Road’ extended all the way to the Mediterranean and Central Europe, and conclude that these C4 dietary signatures of millet consumption reflect early links (migration and/or resource transfer) between the Bronze Age inhabitants of modern-day China and Europe.
Bilateral Blebs Secondary to Spontaneous Scleral Perforations
Authors: Fernández López Ester , Poon Alexander , Huhtanen Andrew , Lindsay Richard , Green Catherine
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To report an unusual case of bilateral spontaneous scleral perforations.

Methods:

A 34-year-old woman presented with bilateral conjunctival blebs and decreased vision in both eyes. There was no history of ocular trauma or surgery and no previous ophthalmic or systemic conditions that may have contributed to the scleral perforations.

Results:

Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in both eyes and intraocular pressures were 6 mm Hg in the right and 5 mm Hg in the left. There was associated bilateral hypotonous maculopathy confirmed with optical coherence tomography. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed bilateral inferonasal conjunctival blebs in otherwise normal anterior segments. Ultrasound biomicroscopy suggested an opening between the anterior chambers and subconjunctival spaces of both eyes. The patient underwent sequential repair of the perforations with sclerocorneal patch grafts. Intraoperatively crescentic perforating scleral clefts were noted in both eyes, with abnormal and friable surrounding tissue. Histopathology revealed degeneration of the sclera with absence of normal lamellar collagenous architecture and structure. At 9 months postoperative for each eye, the best-corrected visual acuity had improved to 20/20 on both eyes and intraocular pressures were 20 mm Hg on the right and 10 mm Hg on the left. Macular anatomy and thickness were restored in both eyes.

Conclusions:

Spontaneous scleral perforations without prior history of trauma or surgery is extremely rare. The underlying cause in our patient is hypothesized to be a coloboma with spontaneous perforation given its location and histopathology. If symptomatic it can successfully be repaired with a patch graft.
The Varying Roles of Nurses During Interfacility Care Transitions
Authors: Jeffs Lianne , Saragosa Marianne , Law Madelyn , Kuluski Kerry , Espin Sherry , Parker Heidi , Collins Kristen
Published: February 2017

This study explored health care professionals' perceptions and experiences associated with the role of point-of-care nurses during care transitions from an acute care hospital to a rehabilitation setting to being discharged home. We used a qualitative exploratory design and semistructured interviews. Content analysis revealed 3 themes that point to the ambiguity related to the roles that nurses enact with older patients during care transitions. We suggest ways to better support nurses to engage in quality care transitions.
Implementation of Interdisciplinary Rapid Rounds in Observation Units
Authors: Ryan Lindsey , Scott Stephanie , Fields Willa
Published: February 2017

Lack of collaboration and communication can lead to medical errors, increased length of stay, and diminished patient satisfaction. The purpose of this project was to improve nurse efficiency, interdisciplinary communication and collaboration, and patient satisfaction with the discharge process through Rapid Rounds. The results demonstrated that interdisciplinary communication and collaboration improved coordination of care, as evidenced by improved Press Ganey percentile rankings for readiness for discharge and speed of the discharge process, increased pharmaceutical interventions, and fewer phone calls to physicians.
Suppression of scattering for small dielectric particles: anapole mode and invisibility
Authors: Luk'yanchuk Boris , Paniagua-Domínguez Ramón , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Kivshar Yuri S.
Published: February 2017

We reveal that an isotropic, homogeneous, subwavelength particle with high refractive index can produce ultra-small total scattering. This effect, which follows from the inhibition of the electric dipole radiation, can be identified as a Fano resonance in the scattering efficiency and is associated with the excitation of an anapole mode in the particle. This anapole mode is non-radiative and emerges from the destructive interference of electric and toroidal dipoles. The invisibility effect could be useful for the design of highly transparent optical materials.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘New horizons for nanophotonics’.
Strong coupling in hybrid metal–dielectric nanoresonators
Authors: Decker M. , Pertsch T. , Staude I.
Published: February 2017

We study resonant photonic–plasmonic coupling between a gold dipole nanoantenna and a silicon nanodisc supporting electric and magnetic dipolar Mie-type resonances. Specifically, we consider two different cases for the mode structure of the silicon nanodisc, namely spectrally separate and spectrally matching electric and magnetic dipolar Mie-type resonances. In the latter case, the dielectric nanoparticle scatters the far fields of a unidirectional Huygens’ source. Our results reveal an anticrossing of the plasmonic dipole resonance and the magnetic Mie-type dipole resonance of the silicon nanodisc, accompanied by a clear signature of photonic–plasmonic mode hybridization in the corresponding mode profiles. These characteristics show that strong coupling is established between the two different resonant systems in the hybrid nanostructure. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that in comparison with purely metallic or dielectric nanostructures, hybrid metal–dielectric nanoresonators offer higher flexibility in tailoring the fractions of light which are transmitted, absorbed and reflected by the nanostructure over a broad range of parameters without changing its material composition. As a special case, highly asymmetric reflection and absorption properties can be achieved.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘New horizons for nanophotonics’.
Coupled dipole approximation across the Γ-point in a finite-sized nanoparticle array
Authors: Martikainen J.-P. , Moilanen A. J. , Törmä P.
Published: February 2017

We study the response of a finite-sized nanoparticle array to an incident field in the vicinity of the Γ-point of the lattice. Using the coupled dipole approximation, we find that the dipole distributions can be strongly inhomogeneous and that strong modulations appear as the energy is above the Γ-point. We highlight how this is reflected in real-space extinction efficiencies as well as in radiation patterns from the finite-sized array.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘New horizons for nanophotonics’.
Spatial Variation of Soil Moisture and its Effect on Lint Yield in a Deficit Irrigated Cotton Field
Authors: Wen Yujin
Published: February 2017

As the population increases in Southwest Texas in recent years, the urban water demand is drastically increasing. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is expected to be one of the potential water management practice for saving water while maintaining crop yield. A field experiment was conducted at the AgriLIFE Research center in Uvalde in summer 2008 to examine the water saving potential. Seven irrigation schemes and four varieties were assigned to the experimental field to test their effects on lint yield. As the spatial correlation of the soil moisture/ soil water content were suspected, a spatial analysis on lint yield and soil water content was conducted. The analysis results showed that: 1) The soil water contents showed spatial correlations, while the lint yield did not. 2) The relationship between lint yield and soil water content can be described by linear model better than spatial autocorrelation model. 3) The variogram fit of the soil water content showed a completed curve; the contour map generated using ordinary kriging illustrated the irrigation schemes effect well, and gradient effect was suspected. The variogram of the lint yield could not be fitted by a completed curve, which indicated that the sample field was not large enough to determine the variance function. Further study is needed to determine the slope effect on soil water content, and to improve the contour map precision of the lint yield.
Using eDNA to Detect the Distribution and Density of Invasive Crayfish in the Honghe-Hani Rice Terrace World Heritage Site
Authors: Cai Wang , Ma Zhuxin , Yang Chunyan , Wang Lin , Wang Wenzhi , Zhao Guigang , Geng Yupeng , Yu Douglas W.
Published: February 2017

The Honghe-Hani landscape in China is a UNESCO World Natural Heritage site due to the beauty of its thousands of rice terraces, but these structures are in danger from the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Crayfish dig nest holes, which collapse terrace walls and destroy rice production. Under the current control strategy, farmers self-report crayfish and are issued pesticide, but this strategy is not expected to eradicate the crayfish nor to prevent their spread since farmers are not able to detect small numbers of crayfish. Thus, we tested whether environmental DNA (eDNA) from paddy-water samples could provide a sensitive detection method. In an aquarium experiment, Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) successfully detected crayfish, even at a simulated density of one crayfish per average-sized paddy (with one false negative). In a field test, we tested eDNA and bottle traps against direct counts of crayfish. eDNA successfully detected crayfish in all 25 paddies where crayfish were observed and in none of the 7 paddies where crayfish were absent. Bottle-trapping was successful in only 68% of the crayfish-present paddies. eDNA concentrations also correlated positively with crayfish counts. In sum, these results suggest that single samples of eDNA are able to detect small crayfish populations, but not perfectly. Thus, we conclude that a program of repeated eDNA sampling is now feasible and likely reliable for measuring crayfish geographic range and for detecting new invasion fronts in the Honghe Hani landscape, which would inform regional control efforts and help to prevent the further spread of this invasive crayfish.
A general and powerful stage-wise testing procedure for differential expression and differential transcript usage
Authors: Van den Berge Koen , Soneson Charlotte , Robinson Mark D. , Clement Lieven
Published: February 2017

Background

Reductions in sequencing cost and innovations in expression quantification have prompted an emergence of RNA-seq studies with complex designs and data analysis at transcript resolution. These applications involve multiple hypotheses per gene, leading to challenging multiple testing problems. Conventional approaches provide separate top-lists for every contrast and false discovery rate (FDR) control at individual hypothesis level. Hence, they fail to establish proper gene-level error control, which compromises downstream validation experiments. Tests that aggregate individual hypotheses are more powerful and provide gene-level FDR control, but in the RNA-seq literature no methods are available for post-hoc analysis of individual hypotheses.

Results

We introduce a two-stage procedure that leverages the increased power of aggregated hypothesis tests while maintaining high biological resolution by post-hoc analysis of genes passing the screening hypothesis. Our method is evaluated on simulated and real RNA-seq experiments. It provides gene-level FDR control in studies with complex designs while boosting power for interaction effects without compromising the discovery of main effects. In a differential transcript usage/expression context, stage-wise testing gains power by aggregating hypotheses at the gene level, while providing transcript-level assessment of genes passing the screening stage. Finally, a prostate cancer case study highlights the relevance of combining gene with transcript level results.

Conclusion

Stage-wise testing is a general paradigm that can be adopted whenever individual hypotheses can be aggregated. In our context, it achieves an optimal middle ground between biological resolution and statistical power while providing gene-level FDR control, which is beneficial for downstream biological interpretation and validation.
Can the location of a trophectoderm biopsy contribute to human blastocyst development ?
Authors: Takano Tomoe , Funabiki Miyako , Taguchi Sagiri , Saji Fumie , Amano Namiko , Young Louise Kate , Nakamura Yoshitaka
Published: February 2017

The influence of the location of a trophectoderm biopsy in human blastocysts on the development of those blastocysts has not yet been investigated. In our prospective study (n=92), our multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that blastocoel development was influenced by the location of the trophectoderm biopsy (p=0.049) and by the type of human blastocyst used (fresh or thawed) (p=0.037), regardless of the patient’s age (p=0.507) and the number of days for the human blastocyst in the pretrophectoderm biopsy (p=0.239). Therefore, when a trophectoderm biopsy is close to the inner cell mass (ICM) in human blastocysts, it improves the progress of blastocoel development.

Clinical evidence suggests that the progress of blastocoel development is a predictor of clinical outcomes after single blastocyst transfer. Therefore, when the trophectoderm biopsy is done from near the ICM, improvement of clinical outcomes after single blastocyst transfer may be expected.