bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Lagare Adamou , Rajatonirina Soatiana , Testa Jean , Mamadou Saidou
Published: December 2020

Background: Influenza infection is a serious public health problem that causes an estimated 3 to 5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide every year. The epidemiology of influenza is well-documented in high- and middle-income countries, however minimal effort had been made to understand the epidemiology, burden and seasonality of influenza in Africa. This study aims to assess the state of knowledge of seasonal influenza epidemiology in Africa and identify potential data gaps for policy formulation following the 2009 pandemic.

Method: We reviewed articles from Africa published into four databases namely: MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Scientific Research Publishing from 2010 to 2019.

Results: We screened titles and abstracts of 2070 studies of which 311 were selected for full content evaluation and 199 studies were considered. Selected articles varied substantially on the basis of the topics they addressed covering the field of influenza surveillance (n=80); influenza risk factors and co-morbidities (n=15); influenza burden (n=37); influenza vaccina- tion (n=40); influenza and other respiratory pathogens (n=22) and influenza diagnosis (n=5).

Conclusion: Significant progress has been made since the last pandemic in understanding the influenza epidemiology in Africa. However, efforts still remain for most countries to have sufficient data to allow countries to prioritize strategies for influenza prevention and control.

Keywords: Influenza; epidemiology; review; Africa; post pandemic.
Self-reported halitosis and oral health related quality of life in adolescent students from a suburban community in Nigeria
Authors: Alade Omolola , Ajoloko Ebenezer , Dedeke Aderonke , Uti Omolara , Sofola Oyinkansola
Published: December 2020

Background: Halitosis is an important cause of impaired quality of life in adolescents. Little is known about the prevalence of self-reported halitosis in adolescents in Nigeria and the extent to which self-reported halitosis impairs their oral health related quality of life.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and impact of self-reported halitosis on the oral health related quality of life of adolescent students in a suburban community in Nigeria.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study. Pre-tested self-administered pro-forma was used to obtain the adolescents’ demographic data and their self-perception of halitosis. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was used to assess the adolescents’ OHRQoL. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the median OHIP-14 scores between adolescents who reported halitosis and those who did not. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital.

Results: A total of 361 adolescents aged 10 – 19 years (mean age 14.1 ± 1.79 years) took part in the study. Of these, 32.7% (n=118) had self-reported halitosis. The median OHIP-14 score among adolescents with self-reported halitosis was 3 (0-9) while those who did not report halitosis had a median OHIP-14 score of 0 (0 – 5). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Self-reported halitosis significantly impaired the oral health related quality of life of the adolescents.

Keywords: Halitosis; oral health; quality of life; adolescent.
Trace metal toxicity in some food items in three major markets in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA, Ogun State, Nigeria and associated health implications
Authors: Isaac Ayanda Opeyemi , Adetutu Bello Oluwakemi , Ifeanyichukwu Nwabuisi Oluwatosin
Published: December 2020

Background: Many of the markets in Nigeria are open, where foodstuffs are laid bare on flat trays and open baskets, direct- ly exposing them to environmental contaminants. This study aimed at determining whether some food items on sale around an industrialized area of Ogun State are contaminated with trace metals.

Methods: Seven different food items – Clarias gariepinus (roasted, fresh and smoked) Bos taurus (dried and fresh beef), zobo leaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were sampled from three major markets, namely: Lusada, Atan and Ota in Ado-Odo/Ota LGA of Ogun State. They were analyzed for Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, Manganese and Zinc using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.

Results: Cd was not detected in most of the food items across the markets. Pb, Ni and Mn were detected in very high con- centrations above the maximum allowable limits by international regulatory agencies. Zn was the only metal that was gen- erally below regulatory limits in food items across the three markets. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values were generally higher than values acceptable in food.

Conclusion: Some of the food items consumed in this area are not entirely safe from metal toxicity and this may have se- rious health consequences.

Keywords: Cadmium; food items; lead; Manganese; nickel; zinc.
VMMC clients’ perception of increased risk of HIV infection, circumcision preferred choice of method, providers’ socio-demographics and mode of service delivery
Authors: M Nanteza Barbara , H Gray Ronald , Serwadda David , Kennedy C , Makumbi Fredrick
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) is a scientifically proven HIV prevention intervention. Uganda, like many countries has been implementing VMMC for over 10 years but uptake is still low especially in northern Uganda. To attain 80% needed for public health impact, scale-up was recommended with many innovations implemented with sub-optimal results. This study therefore wanted to find out some of the correlates of VMMC uptake in Gulu district, northern Uganda.

Methods: Two studies were conducted separately but data was analyzed for this study. For the quantitative study, propor- tions and frequencies were used to measure perception of increased risk of HIV infection using age, gender, occupation, marital and circumcision status. Qualitative study provided data from FGDs, IDIs and KIIs were first transcribed in Acholi and then translated in English. Transcripts were uploaded in MAXDQA software for data management. A code book for emerging themes was developed.

Results: A total of 548 respondents were interviewed for the quantitative study, where two thirds (66%) of the participants perceived themselves to be at increased risk of HIV infection. For the qualitative study, 149 participants from 19 FGDs, 11 KIIs and 9 IDIs were interviewed. Data were analyzed thematically using both inductive and deductive approaches. Devices were preferred to conventional surgery while mobile services were preferred to static services. However, there were diver- gent views regarding circumcision service providers’ socio-demographics and these were influenced mainly by age, level of education and location.

Conclusion: People in Northern Uganda perceived themselves to be at an increased risk of HIV infection. They preferred devices to conventional surgery, mobile services to static services but had varying views about the socio-demographics of the service providers.

Keywords: Male circumcision; challenges; HIV prevention.
The THE INDONESIAN STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN VIRTUAL CLASS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sesriyani Lodya
Published: December 2020

As one of the keys to quality instructional process, students’ willingness to communicate deserves a place to observe especially when it was done by non-English department students when conducting instructional practices virtually during the Covid-19 outbreak. The present study aimed at investigating the students’ willingness to communicate during TOEFL preparation classes. The object of this study was 30 students of Economics Education Study Program in their second semester learning in a South-Tangerang based university, Indonesia. The students’ patterns in their willingness to communicate were examined using close observation within 3 consecutive meetings. Due to the pandemic outbreak of Covid-19, the instructional process was conducted virtually via Zoom platform. One lecturer acted as the instructor and one passive observant was given an access to record and observe the instructional practices.  This study revealed that the students’ willingness to communicate depends on the task type given by the lecturer. It indicated the significance of intelligible and feasible instruction in order that the students’ willingness to communicate improved.
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS EDMODO DI MAN LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Abdul Kadir
Published: December 2020

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of mathematics edmodo in learning. Effectiveness indicators used the research is the capability of teachers in managing learning, activity students in learning, response to the students learning and student learning. Type research descriptive used is the qualitative study. Population in this study student of class XII MAN Lhokseumawe and sample a student MIA 4 and MIA 1. Technique data collection in this research was sheets observation manage learning, sheets observation activity students, study results survey and tests. Data analysis technique used is a technique qualitative data analysis deskriftif. Based on the results of the analysis that their teachers data is collected in managing learning is good in categories. Student for learning activity also categorized in categories good. Response to positive lessons and the students student learning in categories in clasical is good. Thus it can be concluded that learning mathematics using edmodo effectively implemented i in MAN Lhokseumawe.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengggunan edmodo dalam pembelajaran matematika. Indikator efektivitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran, aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran, respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas XII MAN Lhokseumawe dan sampel adalah siswa kelas MIA 4 dan MIA 1. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi mengelola pembelajaran, lembar observasi aktivitas mahasiswa, angket dan tes hasil belajar. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis data kualitatif deskriftif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran tergolong dalam katagori baik. Aktivitas siswa selama pembelajaran juga tergolong dalam katagori baik. Respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran positif dan Ketuntasan belajar siswa secara tergolong dalam katagori baik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan edmodo efektif diterapkan di MAN Lhokseumawe.

Kata Kunci: Efektivitas Pembelajaran, Pembelajaran Matematika Edmodo
TIG Kaynağı Yapılan Alüminyum Bir Sac Parçanın Çarpılma Miktarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KARAGÖZ Tugay
Published: December 2020

Kaynaklı birleştirmeler sanayi uygulamalarında oldukça fazla uygulama alanlarına sahiptir. Kaynak kullanılarak imal edilen parçalarda birçok farklı kaynak yöntemi kullanılmaktadır ve bu yöntemlerin hepsinde ortak olarak ani bir ısı girdisi olmaktadır. Ani ısı girdisiyle beraber malzeme farklı gerilmelere maruz kalır ve bu gerilmelerin giderilememesi sebebiyle malzemede bir çarpılma(distorsiyon) görülür.

Bu çalışmada TIG-Argon kaynak yöntemiyle alın kaynağı yapılan bir alüminyum sac parçada değişen akım girdisi ile çarpılma arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Yapılan uygulamalar sonucunda parçalar üzerindeki çarpılma miktarları tespit edilerek aynı boyutlardaki parçalar için akım miktarına bağlı olarak çarpılma miktarının değişimi incelenmiştir.
Um enfoque humanizado de pobreza e a assistência social como política pública de direitos
Authors: Morais Corrêa Paloma
Published: December 2020

Embora a Organização das Nações Unidas tenha já declarado a ausência de hierarquia entre os direitos civis e políticos e os direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais, verdade é que estes últimos, até hoje, são de difícil responsabilização. Prova disso são as discussões acerca da classificação da pobreza como uma violação aos direitos humanos, argumento que também não está plenamente aceito pela doutrina, pelos governos ou pela sociedade. Adotando um enfoque de direitos humanos para o desenvolvimento, conforme ensinamentos de Amartya Sen e Peter Uvin, este artigo demonstrará que ações para fortalecer a autonomia do indivíduo são fundamentais na superação da pobreza, aqui definida, conforme conceituação da ONU, como um estado de múltiplas privações. Ao realizar uma investigação qualitativa doutrinária e documental, e partindo do exemplo da evolução da Assistência Social no Brasil como política pública de direitos, apresentam-se estratégias de combate à pobreza que apesar de não estarem diretamente relacionadas à garantia de renda, revelam-se estruturais na agenda pelo desenvolvimento. Através deste estudo, concluiu-se que políticas públicas focadas em possibilitar a emancipação social do indivíduo, para além de programas de garantia de renda mínima são tão ou mais fundamentais do que estes últimos no combate à desigualdade social.
O Direito de consulta dos povos indígenas: incidência dos direitos da informação e participação no licenciamento ambiental em terras indígenas
Authors: Santos Veras Nathália , Loureto Calheiros Iara , Amélia Cantanhede Sylvia
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo aborda a questão da garantia dos direitos à informação e participação no licenciamento ambiental em terras indígenas por meio do direito de consulta. Utilizandose da pesquisa qualitativa, do método dedutivo e dos procedimentos informados pelas pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, pretende-se discutir a importância do direito à consulta aos povos indígenas no processo de licenciamento como meio efetivo para assegurar os direitos à informação e participação, bem como seus direitos coletivos em geral. Não há consenso com relação à consulta às comunidades indígenas, vista, em geral, como não vinculante, o que acarreta a garantia apenas formal e não efetiva desse direito. Embora seja inviável defender uma vinculação absoluta ao resultado da consulta, esta tampouco pode ser vista apenas como um rito necessário ao licenciamento ambiental.
PEMUDA PEGAWAL DEMOKRASI: PENGENALAN PEACE JOURNALISM DALAM RANGKA MEWUJUDKAN KAMPANYE SEHAT KEPADA PEMILIH PEMULA
Authors: Witarti Denik Iswardani , Puspitasari Anggun , Fithriana Arin
Published: December 2020

Mendekati Pemilihan Daerah serentak 2020 maupun Pemilihan Umum 2024 di Indonesia, penyebaran berita palsu atau hoaks makin marak terjadi. Sedangkan, agar dapat memilih secara tepat, pemilih memerlukan informasi yang benar serta relevan tentang rekam jejak para kandidat dan program mereka. Karena itu, pemerintah dan masyarakat perlu bahu-membahu memerangi informasi yang sesat dan menyesatkan tersebut. Cara paling sederhana yang bisa dilakukan masyarakat adalah dengan tidak menyebarkan informasi apa pun sebelum memastikan kebenaran serta kredibilitas sumbernya. Jika masyarakat ingin menyebarkan informasi terkait dengan keunggulan politis calon yang dijunjungnya, masyarakat, khususnya pemilih pemula harus mengerti mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan umum mengenai berita positif jurnalistik yang bersifat damai (peace journalism) sehingga dapat menyebarkan berita yang tidak mengandung hoaks. Pemilih pemula merupakan bagian penting di dalam sebuah demokrasi. Pemuda di Indonesia harus mampu memegang peran strategis dengan kekuatan kelembagaannya. Pemilih pemula dapat menjadi unit kontrol sosial terhadap suatu demokrasi karena dinilai paling aktif dalam menyebarkan berita melalui media digital mengenai penyelenggaraan pilkada maupun pemilu. Dalam upaya untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai peace journalism kepada masyarakat, khususnya pemilih pemula, diperlukan sosialisasi mengenai peace journalism yang dikemas dalam diskusi interaktif. Salah satu metodenya adalah workshop fotografi. Dalam sosialisasi tersebut, pemilih pemula diperkenalkan dengan pentingnya menyebarkan berita dengan baik dan benar yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pembuatan konten sosial media yang menarik.
ANALISA PEMILIHAN PENGURUS DAN UNIT USAHA BUMDES DESA SUKA MAJU, KECAMATAN SUNGAI BETUNG, KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Siahaan Shanti Veronica br , Vuspitasari Benedhikta Kikky
Published: December 2020

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) merupakan lembaga usaha desa yang dikelola oleh masyarakat dan pemerintahan desa dalam upaya memperkuat perekonomian desa dan dibentuk berdasarkan kebutuhan dan potensi desa. BUMDes merupakan pilar kegiatan ekonomi di desa yang berfungsi sebagai lembaga sosial (social institution) dan komersial (commercial institution). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pemilihan pengurus dan jenis unit usaha BUMDes Karaje Agi Desa Suka Maju, Kecamatan Sungai Betung, Kabupaten Bengkayang, Kalimantan Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan narasumber yang dipilih secara purposeful sampling yaitu Kepala Desa, Penjabat Kepala Desa, dan pengurus inti BUMDes. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pemilihan pengurus dan jenis usaha BUMDes sangat dipengaruhi oleh dominasi Kepala Desa dimana pengurus BUMDes terpilih dinilai kurang memiliki jiwa wirausaha dan belum terpenuhinya persyaratan minimum pendidikan sebagaimana yang tertulis dalam Permendesa No.14 Tahun 2015 pasal 14. Selain itu pemilihan jenis usaha toko yang rencananya menjual alat tulis kantor, fotokopi dan jasa pengetikan belum dapat dijalankan karena sepenuhnya bergantung pada dana BUMDes yang belum kunjung diberikan kepada pengurus BUMDes. Hal ini menunjukkan rendahnya keurgenan usaha yang dipilih tersebut untuk segera diimplementasikan. Kepengurusan BUMDes yang sudah terbentuk sejak tahun 2017 masih sebatas di atas kertas karena belum ada kegiatan usaha yang dijalankan, dan akhirnya menimbulkan ketidakharmonisan hubungan antara Kepala Desa dan pengurus BUMDes yang berujung pada keinginan untuk penggantian kepengurusan. Oleh karena itu, desa perlu memiliki struktur badan usaha milik desa yang memiliki kompetensi dibidangnya yang merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan pelaksanaan BUMDes.
TRADITIONAL AND INDIGENOUS PRACTICES OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS AS IMMUNITY BOOSTERS BY FOLKLORE OF MANDI DISTRICT, HIMACHAL PRADESH
Authors: Sharma Ritu  , Goraya G.S  , Seth M.K
Published: December 2020

Himachal Pradesh being a hilly State is one of the top repositories of various herbal plants of medicinal aspects. District Mandi, popular as Varanasi of Hills, is one of the twelve districts, with great variations in elevation which provide a suitable habitat for the rich biodiversity of flora and fauna. The present paper aimed to document indigenous uses of some therapeutically significant plants which have been utilized by folklore to improve their immunity and to cure immunity-related diseases like cough, cold, and allergies. Indeed, even today when the Corona pandemic has influenced the whole world gravely, provincial fables of the State have kept themselves safe and have indicated their confidence on these plant assets which are being utilized by their predecessors for ages. Herein 21 species belonging to 17 families used as immunity boosters are compiled (8 herbs, 6 shrubs, 6 trees, 1 climber) used by folklore to enhance their immunity. Documentation of traditional knowledge is the need of the hour as it the base of the Naturopathy and Ayurveda. The documentation of the traditional medicinal knowledge will give another point of view to herbal drug researchers for extending and improving the utilization of botanical drugs and their therapeutic applications. Plant-based natural products offer an infinite source of compounds to help to design the pharmacologically important molecular products and novel drug discovery as well.
A REVIEW ON ROLE OF PANCHAMABHUTA IN GARBHA UTPATTI
Authors: Prathima  , Hadimane Sushmitha S
Published: December 2020

In present days of globalizations all are concentrated in finding basics of transformations or existence. The concept of Panchamahabhuta (five basic elements) has been scientifically explained in Ayurveda. Panchamahabhuta are important components of the body. It is the five basic constituents which exist in the universe and human beings; they are Akasha, Vayu, Agni, Jala and Prithvi. The union of Shukra (sperm) and Shonitha (ovum) and Atma (soul) in the Kukshi (uterus) is designated as Garbha (embryo). The five Mahabhuta (basic elements) play a important role in formation, development and maintenance of Garbha (embryo). The five elements refer to etheric, gaseous, radiant, fluid and solid states of matter. Mahabhutha plays an important role in Garbhautpatti (embryogenesis). It helps in separation and segregation of cell mass, nourishment, structural development etc. The present work is to study the concept of these five elements in embryogenesis.
AN OPEN CLINICAL STUDY EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF SHILAJITHU LOHA RASAYANA ON AFFLICTION OF BASTI MARMA (DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY) IN PATIENTS WITH PRAMEHA
Authors: Chinmaya  , Aniruddha saralaya  , Shrinivasa Acharya. G
Published: December 2020

Objectives of the study include answer to the research question or to the hypothesis framed. Present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Shilajithu loha rasayana in reducing the affliction of Basti marma in patients with Prameha/diabetic nephropathy, also to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Shilajithu loha rasayana in reducing the blood sugar level in patients suffering from affliction of Basti marma in Prameha/diabetic nephropathy. Design: Study Type: Interventional, Estimated enrolment: 30 participants, Allocation: Non-Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment, Primary Purpose: Treatment, Masking: Open Label. Participants: From October 2019 to January 2020, 30 patients of affliction of Basthi marma in Prameha/ diabetic nephropathy having symptoms of diabetic nephropathy (microalbuminuria, reduced eGFR, raised cystatin-c) with a minimum of 5yrs history of diabetes are taken up for the study. Intervention: Kosta shodhana on day 1: 20ml of Eranda taila added with equal amount of Shunthi kashaya is orally administered during early morning in empty stomach. Day 2 to 22: Shilajithu loha rasayana is orally administered half an hour before breakfast, in a dose of 12g with warm water. Patient was advised diabetic diet and to do brisk walking/jogging or light exercise for 45 minutes daily during the course of treatment. Results: Shilajithu loha rasayana was successful in improving renal functions by increasing the glomerular filtration rate and reducing cystatin-c in patients also was successful in reducing fasting blood sugar and symptoms of Prameha which was justified statistically with p value <0.001. Conclusion: Shilajithu loha rasayana was successful in increasing the renal function and reducing symptoms of Prameha.
A REVIEW ON ARSENIC POISONING AND ITS POST-MORTEM FINDINGS
Authors: Kirti Sharma  , S. R. Inchulkar  , Yuvraj Kaushik
Published: December 2020

Arsenic is a grey substance, which is insoluble in water and therefore cannot be absorbed from the alimentary canal. Arsenic is absorbed through all routes mainly by skin, inhalation and GIT mucosa. Arsenic causes toxicity by combining with sulphydryl enzymes and thus interfering with cell metabolism. Locally it causes irritation of the mucous membranes and remotely depression of the nervous system. Arsenic poisoning can be homicidal, suicidal, accidental, occupational, environmental, iatrogenic or un-iatrogenic. The character of post-mortem appearances depends very largely upon the quantity taken and period which has elapsed before death. Externally the body presents dehydrated, cyanosed, sunken eyeballs jaundiced in post-mortem findings. Rigor mortis lasts longer than usual. Internally red velvet stomach, petechial hemorrhages under the endocardium of the left ventricle, patchy fatty degenerative changes with jaundice in liver, rain drop skin pigmentation and mee’s line in nails findings seen in post-mortem.
A CLINICAL STUDY ON THE EFFICACY OF VASA PRATISARANEEYA TEEKSHNA KSHARA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ABHAYANTARA ARSHA/HAEMORRHOID
Authors: Himadri Mudgal  , P. Hemantha Kumar
Published: December 2020

Astamahagda, group of eight dreadful clinical conditions told in all Ayurvedic classics. Aacharya Sushruta enlisted Arsha in Astamahagada. Arsha is known as haemorrhoids in modern parlance. The altered lifestyle in this modern world is the leading cause in the incidence of Haemorrhoids (Arshas). Symptoms of internal haemorrhoids closely resemble to clinical features of Abhyantara Arshas. Aacharya Shusruta described four types of treatment modalities for the management of Arsha, they are Bheshaja Karma, Kshara Karma, Agni Karma and Shastra Karma. Kshara is one of the most essential methods that can be used safely. An attempt has been made in this study to test the effectiveness of Vasa Pratisaraneeya Teekshna Kshara in the management of Abhayantra Arsha. In this study, 15 patients suffering from Abhyantra Arsha were selected from OPD and IPD of the PG Department of Shalya Tantra, NIA, Jaipur. The data obtained have been statistically analyzed and it has been observed that Kshara Karma is effective in curing the disease, preventing recurrence and cost-effective Para-surgical procedure. The outcome of Kshara Karma interference is motivating.
REVIEW ON COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN ORAL HEALTH
Authors: Janakiram Chandrashekar , Balachandran Parvathy
Published: December 2020

Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a cluster of heterogeneous medical and health care systems, practices and products that can be used along with conventional medicine. This review article is about CAM system that is being used in oral health, challenges of such uses and the need for global regulations while using CAM products as medicines.

Discussion: These systems are integral part of culture. Ayurvedic therapies are used for alleviating various oral conditions. Herbal mouth rinses and dentifrices are used for plaque control which is the basic process in oral care. Though deficiency exists regarding reports of controlled studies of Homeopathic medicines in pain conditions, Homeopathy is effective in the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Last decade had witnessed an increasing interest in medicinal plants thereby promoting them as alternatives to standard conventional medicines.

These therapeutics are gaining importance in a global scale. Limited access to conventional oral care, lower costs and general belief of minimal toxicity enhances the use of Ayurveda, Herbal and Homeopathic medicines and therapies in oral diseases. Budgetary allocations for this traditional system care of different countries, designing research programs to focus on traditional medicines and implementation of laws for propagation of CAM systems reflects the global inclination towards this system of healthcare.

Conclusion: Considering the broadened scope of CAM therapeutics in dental healthcare, it is recommended that a dental professional be consulted prior to using these products in an attempt to reduce the probability of side effects or drug interactions.
A CRITICAL REVIEW ON NAYOPAYAM KWATHA- A UNIQUE AYURVEDIC FORMULATION FOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES
Authors: S.K. Veena  , V.S.Nithya  , V.C.Indulekha
Published: December 2020

Ayurvedic dosage forms are mostly poly herbal, which is more effective compared to the single herb therapies. Nayopayam kwatha (NK) is a widely prescribed polyherbal formulation for postnatal care, heart diseases and respiratory ailments. It is quoted in Ayurvedic textbooks viz; Vaidya Manorama and Arogyaraksha Kalpadruma. The formulation consists of Bala, Jeeraka and Nagara. The source plants are Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn as per AFI and Sida retusa Linn in Kerala), Jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum Linn) and Nagara (Zingiber officinale Rosc). A detailed literature review is conducted on NK to explore its probable mode of action in respiratory ailments. Pharmacological actions of each ingredients and proven pharmacological activities are included in this study. Ethno botanical variability is noticed in NK manufactured by different pharmaceutical agencies. Apart from this, it is having Ushna veerya, predominantly Katu rasa and Vatakaphaharatwa which in turn act against the respiratory ailments. Considering these all aspects, NK is a potent formulation used for respiratory infections and inflammations.
Apontamentos sobre o regionalismo e o estereótipo na construção do imaginário social nordestino
Authors: Filho Cláudio Almeida Silva
Published: December 2020

O estudo analisa a construção do imaginário social nordestino desenvolvendo uma investigação a respeito da contribuição do regionalismo e dos estereótipos em torno do Nordeste. Nesse sentido, o artigo busca compreender como os elementos – formação regional; racialização; preconceitos, etc. – que constituem esse imaginário produziram interpretações sobre a vida cotidiana vivenciada pelos nordestinos, portanto, a análise tem por objetivo construir uma discussão nas quais essas problemáticas sejam sociologicamente compreendidas de maneira crítica atentando para os fatores de construção da sociedade brasileira.
DA BIBLIOTECA GENERAL CORDEIRO DE FARIAS AO CENTRO DE CONHECIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E CULTURAL (C4):
Authors: Ferreira Jamylle de Almeida , Gomes Luiza das Neves , Da Silva Catia Antonia
Published: December 2020

Este artigo estabelece um diálogo entre o presente e o passado na construção da memória institucional, divulgando o acervo histórico da Escola Superior de Guerra (ESG) e possibilitando o acesso ao pensamento daqueles que influenciaram e foram influenciados pela doutrina desenvolvida e praticada na Escola. O acervo da Escola é composto por 7.455 documentos, entre eles trabalhos de final de curso, conferências e relatórios de viagens individuais e em grupos que retratam a visão e a cumplicidade costurada entre as elites civil e militar brasileiras para alcançar o desenvolvimento compatível com os interesses nacionais e colocar o Brasil lado a lado com as grandes potências do mundo, evidenciando o método adotado pela Escola. Em 2014, 93% dessa documentação foi desclassificada por uma Comissão de Análise própria, passando de reservado a ostensivo para atender à Lei de Acesso à Informação (LAI) 12.527/2011. Esses documentos foram disponibilizados ao público, depois de mais de 60 anos de acesso restrito. Neste trabalho, verifica-se que os esforços para preservar, organizar e disseminar o acervo da Escola culminou na criação do Centro de Conhecimento Científico e Cultural em 2015, junto com a necessidade de ampla divulgação dessas fontes que se apresentam como uma possibilidade ainda inexplorada de entender a história recente do Brasil
Policies and strategies implemented in Paraguay to control the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cabral María , Recalde Felipe , Conill Eleonor , Xavier Diego
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to
contribute to the discussion on the repercussions and
disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the
region’s health systems based on the description of
the epidemiological scenario, and the policies and
strategies implemented in Paraguay. Methodology:
This is a case study, a cross-sectional descriptive type.
The description was operationalized based on the
following dimensions of analysis: crisis management
model, governance, leadership, media, technological
solutions for surveillance, clinical and healthcare
management, care for health personnel, socio-sanitary
repercussions, complemented with the rapid review of
original articles, official documents, administrative
and epidemiological data, and gray literature obtained
from websites of national and international steering
organizations. Structured matrices were used to
organize the relevant information. Results: Health
policies were articulated with social policies and
solidarity initiatives, immediate suppression measures,
and reconfiguration of emergency care and specialized
level. The cumulative incidence rate in Paraguay
has reached 17 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, with a
high proportion of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic
patients. The protagonism of multiple health,
economic, scientific, and mass media actors was
decisive in activating intersectoral responses, with
the predominance of the National Health Authority’s
steering roles. Conclusion: Ethical and political
dilemmas demand a broad debate and analysis, due to
their impact and socio-health, political, and economic
consequences. They also constitute opportunities to
redesign strategies and measures to contain them in
the short, medium, and long term.
A Letter on Belt Conveyor System as a Mode of Transportation in Industry
Authors: Pati Monideepa , Majumdar Ujjayan
Published: December 2020

In any power plant coal obtained from the open pit mines should be transported to the plant for the production of power. Many means of transportations are available like truck, railways pipelines, Conveyor belts etc. For Industrial purpose material handling equipment are designed in a way such that material handling is easy, fast, less maintenance cost for the equipment, efficient, safe etc. This paper discusses how conveyor belt is a better mode of transportation in power plants than any other modes available. Provided with brief Discussion various parts of the conveyor belt, and also about some types of conveyor belts used in Power plants. There are many types of conveyer belts present that can be used as per the need of different power plants. Also provided with a proper safety design values for the safe and efficient working of the belt.
Discursos étnico-raciais: os olhares e os caminhos
Authors: Silva Marcos Antonio Batista da
Published: December 2020

Este artigo discute trajetórias de estudantes negros no ensino superior/pós-graduação na sociedade brasileira. Este artigo é derivado de tese de doutorado em Psicologia Social defendida na Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, à luz da teoria das relações étnico-raciais e desigualdades educacionais de autores contemporâneos. No campo metodológico utilizamos a hermenêutica de profundidade, proposta por J. B. Thompson (2011). As análises dos relatos possibilitam reflexões que oferecem elementos que ampliam a discussão sobre o tema das relações étnico-raciais, políticas públicas, família e educação, abrangendo desse modo, as dimensões objetivas, referente à desigualdade social; ética, referente às injustiças sociais; subjetiva, referente ao sofrimento ético-político produzido pela exclusão social.
ACQUISITION AND EXTRACTION OF DYNAMIC KNOWLEDGE USING D-ROUGH SET
Authors: Mishra Brojo Kishore , Das Susanta Kumar
Published: December 2020

Theory of knowledge has a long and rich history. Various aspects of knowledge are widely discussed issues at present, mainly by logicians and artificial intelligence (AI) researchers. It is one of the concepts, used to build intelligence system. Many soft computing tools are available for extraction, acquisition and validation of knowledge. Rough set is one such tool, mainly used for classification and extraction of knowledge. Rough Set Theory was proposed by Pawlak in 1982 as a tool for knowledge Extraction. However, when knowledge extraction is studied, we observed that most of the knowledge is static in nature. For analyzing Knowledge having dynamic in nature, Pawlak’s Rough Set Theory must be reconsidered. Dong Ya Li (et. al.) has already proposed the concept of dynamic Rough Set in 2007. We here, further analyze this concept and try to find out some more properties of it. Dynamic Rough Set (D-rough set) is a common form of Pawlak’s Rough Set as Pawlak’s rough set can be considered as a special case of D-rough set. Drough set is based on concepts, such as elementary transfer coefficient. D-rough set and D-Approximate set can be used for studying and analyzing dynamic knowledge. Further, we study and analyze the properties mentioned by Bussee. Grzymala-Busse has established some properties of approximation of classifications. These results are irreversible by nature. Pawlak has noted that these results of Busse establish that the two concepts, approximation of sets and approximation of families of sets (or classifications) are two different issues and that the equivalence classes of approximate classifications cannot be arbitrary sets. He has further stated that if we have positive example of each category in the approximate classification then we must have also negative examples of each category. In this paper, we have mentioned these aspects of the theorems of Busse and tried to study their properties, when D-rough and D-Approximate set has been incorporated. Lastly, we had provided the physical interpretation of each one of them.
Wireless Biometric Data Acquisition System
Authors: Kumari Sarita
Published: December 2020

This paper aims at creating a system that is capable of transmitting biometric data wirelessly over space. Specifically, it will be applied to measuring signals from the body, and sending it over air to a central processing unit, located elsewhere.
Optimal Regulator for AGC of Multi-Area Interconnected Power System with AC/DC Link
Authors: Ibraheem Ibraheem , Singh Omveer
Published: December 2020

In this paper Automatic Generation Control of multiarea interconnected power system consisting of reheat type turbines has been studied. As a consequence of continually load
fluctuation the frequency deviate over time and these transients are to be minimized to zero in terms of Area Control Error using optimal linear quadratic regulator. An optimal regulator has been designed to ascertain zero steady state frequency deviation
deviation under all operating conditions. The performance of the proposed optimal regulator with conventional integral regulator has been compared. The simulation results reveals that better control performance in terms of overshoot and settling time can
be obtained by optimal regulator. System is also studied with AC Tie-line only and DC Link parallel with AC Tie-line.
Privacidade e proteção de dados: por uma compreensão ampla do direito fundamental em face da sua multifuncionalidade
Authors: Saito Vitória Hiromi , Salgado Eneida Desiree
Published: December 2020

O artigo visa a analisar o direito à privacidade na contemporaneidade, momento em que as tecnologias de informação permitem o rastreamento constante dos indivíduos a partir de práticas onipresentes de coleta, processamento e mineração de dados pessoais. Sustenta-se que, se outrora a visão da privacidade como direito de ser deixado a sós era suficiente para garantir a sua tutela, o desenvolvimento tecnológico torna necessária a adoção de novos instrumentos jurídicos, na medida em que a proteção do direito à privacidade se torna progressivamente mais complexa. Adota-se a teoria da multifuncionalidade dos direitos fundamentais para explicar tal complexidade, a qual afirma que esses direitos abrangem um feixe de posições jurídicas jusfundamentais, impondo tanto deveres negativos de abstenção como deveres positivos de prestação, sendo que estes se subdividem em prestações fáticas e normativas, o que pode ser observado no contexto da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (Lei nº 13.709/2018). Conclui-se que proteger o direito à privacidade na era digital não significa pleitear o fim da coleta de dados pessoais, mas defender que tais práticas sejam realizadas em prol da transparência e da accountability, a fim de diminuir a assimetria entre os polos da relação informacional.
“Geografia Física Crítica”: Uma iniciativa louvável, mas de concretização enviesada
Authors: Lopes de Souza Marcelo
Published: December 2020

Resenha sobre o livro The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Physical Geography, Rebecca Lave et al. (orgs.). Londres, Palgrave, 2019, 628 pp., ISBN 978-3-319-71461-5.
GRITOS E SANGUE ENTRE PAREDES MUDAS: MEMÓRIA E SILENCIAMENTO DE LOCAIS TRAUMÁTICOS
Authors: Jeronimo Anairan , Almeida Carlos Henrique lopes de
Published: December 2020

Neste artigo analisamos o silenciamento que recai sobre a memória de locais traumáticos, em especial as representações dos locais de tortura perpetrada pelo Estado, reproduzidas em narrativas que evocam as lembranças de contextos ditatoriais no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo é refletir sobre as forças sociais que conduzem ao esquecimento desses locais e apontar formas de resistência a esse cenário. Tecemos uma leitura dos contos A mancha (2004), de Luís Fernando Veríssimo, e “A hospedaria” (2017), de Mariana Enríquez, para compreender como o contato com os locais traumáticos evoca memórias torturadas e como a literatura assume uma posição ética de resistência ao silenciamento dessas memórias.
O PROBLEMA DO HERÓI GETÚLIO VARGAS: O TEMPO DA ESCRITA E SEUS INTERESSES NA ATUALIZAÇÃO DE PERSONAGENS HISTÓRICOS
Authors: Mueller Izis Guimarães , Sousa Maria Aparecida Silva de
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo concentra-se na análise do texto dramático Dr. Getúlio, sua vida e sua glória, escrito por Dias Gomes e Ferreira Gullar, em 1968. Buscou-se discutir as relações entre historicidade, memória, política e produção artística, evidenciando como esses elementos se articulam na construção do sentido do texto. Articulamos proposições de estudiosos da dramaturgia brasileira, como Décio de Almeida Prado, Renata Pallottini, Anatol Rosenfeld e Sandra Pascolati, para identificar, na construção do texto, o caráter atribuído às personagens; as teorizações sistematizadas por Jacques Le Goff, Maurice Halbwachs e Levi Vigotski, quanto à dimensão social da memória e da subjetividade; e a trajetória de Gomes e Gullar, com atenção aos grupos com os quais eles se engajaram. Em diálogo com as proposições de Michel Foucault, para quem a autoria de um texto está marcada pelo contexto de sua enunciação, intentamos conhecer as circunstâncias que possibilitaram a construção do caráter desta rememoração e as relações discursivas deste texto com a temporalidade em que foi produzido. Assim, notou-se que o texto analisado caracteriza a personagem como um herói e, para isso, elimina as contradições do sujeito histórico. Vargas é representado como um político nacionalista, vítima do imperialismo, desconsiderando que ele próprio negociou com esse mesmo imperialismo, além de ter feito uso de medidas autoritárias e violentas em seus governos. Concluímos que o texto apresenta uma homenagem positiva à memória do ex-presidente, como estratégia de enfrentamento à Ditadura Civil Militar, e em consonância com a tradição intelectual de esquerda que lhes era contemporânea.
Determining cloud thermodynamic phase from the polarized Micro Pulse Lidar
Authors: Lewis Jasper R. , Campbell James R. , Stewart Sebastian A. , Tan Ivy , Welton Ellsworth J. , Lolli Simone
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A method to distinguish cloud thermodynamic phase from
polarized Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements is described. The method
employs a simple enumerative approach to classify cloud layers as either
liquid water, ice water, or mixed-phase clouds based on the linear volume
depolarization ratio and cloud top temperatures derived from Goddard Earth
Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), assimilated data. Two years of cloud retrievals from the Micro Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) site in Greenbelt, MD,
are used to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The fraction of
supercooled liquid water in the mixed-phase temperature regime (−37–0 ∘C) calculated using MPLNET data is compared
to similar calculations made using the spaceborne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with
Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, with
reasonable consistency.
Year-round record of near-surface ozone and O3 enhancement events (OEEs) at Dome A, East Antarctica
Authors: Ding Minghu , Tian Biao , Ashley Michael C. B. , Putero Davide , Zhu Zhenxi , Wang Lifan , Yang Shihai , Li Chuanjin , Xiao Cunde
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Dome A, the summit of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, is an area
challenging to access and is one of the harshest environments on Earth. Up
until recently, long-term automated observations from Dome A (DA) were only
possible with very low power instruments such as a basic meteorological
station. To evaluate the characteristics of near-surface O3, continuous
observations were carried out in 2016. Together with observations at the
Amundsen–Scott Station (South Pole – SP) and Zhongshan Station (ZS, on the
southeast coast of Prydz Bay), the seasonal and diurnal O3
variabilities were investigated. The results showed different patterns
between coastal and inland Antarctic areas that were characterized by high
concentrations in cold seasons and at night. The annual mean values at the
three stations (DA, SP and ZS) were 29.2±7.5, 29.9±5.0 and 24.1±5.8 ppb, respectively. We investigated the effect of
specific atmospheric processes on near-surface summer O3 variability,
when O3 enhancement events (OEEs) are systematically observed at DA
(average monthly frequency peaking at up to 64.5 % in December). As deduced
by a statistical selection methodology, these O3 enhancement events
(OEEs) are affected by significant interannual variability, both in their
average O3 values and in their frequency. To explain part of this
variability, we analyzed the OEEs as a function of specific atmospheric
processes: (i) the role of synoptic-scale air mass transport over the
Antarctic Plateau was explored using the Lagrangian back-trajectory analysis Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) method,
and (ii) the occurrence of “deep” stratospheric intrusion events was
investigated using the Lagrangian tool STEFLUX. The specific atmospheric
processes, including synoptic-scale air mass transport, were analyzed by the
HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis and the potential source contribution
function (PSCF) model. Short-range transport accounted for the O3
enhancement events (OEEs) during summer at DA, rather than efficient local
production, which is consistent with previous studies of inland Antarctica.
Moreover, the identification of recent (i.e., 4 d old) stratospheric-intrusion events by STEFLUX suggested that deep events only had a minor
influence (up to 1.1 % of the period, in August) on deep events
during the variability in near-surface summer O3 at DA. The deep
events during the polar night were significantly higher than those during
the polar day. This work provides unique data on ozone variation at DA and
expands our knowledge of such events in Antarctica. Data are available at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3923517 (Ding and Tian, 2020).