bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ACCOUNTABILITY, A TRANSPARÊNCIA PÚBLICA E O DIREITO HUMANO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Devides José Eduardo Costa , Da Silveira Daniel Barile
Published: September 2017

Os direitos humanos representam todos os direitos inerentes à existência humana digna, sendo, um deles, o desenvolvimento. Salienta-se que este direito não possui apenas vertente econômica, pois engloba outros fatores como cultura, política, meio ambiente etc. Assim, este trabalho analisou o direito humano ao desenvolvimento e concluiu que o accountability e a transparência pública são meios que visam à promoção do seu fim. Para isto, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base no método indutivo a partir de investigações de cunho qualitativo.
(AUTO)REGULAÇÃO DO MERCADO, DIREITO CONCORRENCIAL E ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DO DIREITO: É POSSÍVEL UMA CONCORRÊNCIA PERFEITA?
Authors: Cavalcanti Mariana Oliveira De Melo , Catão Adrualdo De Lima
Published: September 2017

Partindo da estreita relação entre mercado, direito e economia, o artigo se propõe a utilizar a Análise Econômica do Direito a fim de avaliar os fundamentos das normas antitruste em cotejo com a natureza da concorrência. Entendendo o mercado como processo dinâmico, questiona as bases teóricas do Direito Concorrencial e enfoca as consequências nocivas da intervenção estatal na tutela concorrencial, minando a autorregulação como força endógena e produzindo distorções por meio da criação de um ambiente artificial de negócios.
DA CONFORMAÇÃO DA MAXIMIZAÇÃO DO BEM-ESTAR AO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO
Authors: Gomes Felipe Lôbo
Published: September 2017

O texto expõe as várias facetas do Direito Fundamental ao Desenvolvimento Econômico para depois propor elementos para uma profunda revisão estrutural e conceitual diante das novas necessidades dos indivíduos, de um mundo globalizado e dos influxos desta nova visão na conformação do Estado. Para tanto, utiliza-se do instrumental teórico da análise econômica do direito e do princípio da eficiência com vistas a rever os paradigmas clássicos diante de um prisma constitucional e que vá muito além desta geração, transcendendo seus efeitos com enfoquenuma visão sustentável do Estado.
PENSAMENTO ECONÔMICO HETERODOXO E A QUESTÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA VALORIZAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS
Authors: Silva Matheus Fernando de Arruda , Misailidis Mirta Gladys Lerena Manzo de Misailidis
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo faz uma abordagem exploratóriadainfluência do pensamento econômico heterodoxo e sua preocupação com o desenvolvimento no Brasil e demais países latino-americanos, relacionando-o a valorização de direitos fundamentais. Para tanto, foi abordado a contribuição da CEPAL, da teoria da dependência e da teoria do capitalismo tardio. Nosso principal intuito é contribuir no fomento da ciência jurídica em âmbito acadêmico por meio de diálogo transdisciplinar especialmente entre o Direito e a Economia. A metodologia utilizada foi a dialética em vertente jurídico-sociológica.
FRAGILIDADES DAS DEMOCRACIAS NA AMÉRICA LATINA: UMA ANÁLISE EMPÍRICA
Authors: Albuquerque Armando
Published: September 2017

A terceira onda de democratização repercutiu na América Latina e proporcionou uma série de mudanças nas suas instituições políticas. Este artigo visa tratar da democracia e as suas fragilidades na América Latina após a ‘terceira onda’. Para tanto, ele assume a definição empírica de democracia fornecida pela organização não governamental Freedom House e mensura a democracia a partir da categoria de liberdade e das suas duas dimensões: os direitos políticos e as liberdades civis. Finalmente, com base nos indicadores e índices fornecidos pelo relatório Freedom in the World (2014), passa-se à análise comparada da democracia em 18 países latino-americanos, apontando as suas principais fragilidades que contribuem fortemente para a não consolidação dos regimes democráticos na região.
Evaluating the Impact of Performance Funding in Ohio and Tennessee
Authors: Hillman Nicholas W. , Hicklin Fryar Alisa , Crespín-Trujillo Valerie
Published: September 2017

Today, 35 states use performance-based funding models tying appropriations directly to educational outcomes. Financial incentives should induce colleges to improve performance, but there are several well-documented reasons why this is unlikely to occur. We examine how two of the most robust performance funding states—Tennessee and Ohio—responded to the policy. Using a difference-in-differences design, findings point to null and negative effects where colleges responded by producing fewer associate’s degrees or not increasing bachelor’s degree productivity. The only positive and robust effects were found among Tennessee community colleges that responded by producing significantly more certificates. Findings are consistent with performance management literature, where policy impacts are often muted or limited to a narrow range of outcomes.
The steady-state crystal size of deforming ice
Authors: Jacka T.H. , Jun Li
Published: September 2017

Previous studies have established that, together with the development of a preferred crystal-orientation fabric in ice undergoing creep deformation to high strains, there also develops a tertiary equilibrium crystal size, i.e. the crystal size, rather than affecting the creep rate, is a result of the deformation to large strains.

Equilibrium crystal size is considered here as a “balance” between crystal growth with time as a function of temperature and crystal change as a result of temperature dependent deformation. The temperature effects in these two processes (Arrhenius relation) are similar and consideration of the activation energies for the two processes indicates that it may be appropriate to cancel them, yielding a dependence of equilibrium crystal size on stress alone. The results from laboratory experiments of steady-state crystal size plotted as a function of stress support the above proposition.

The possibility of using the relationships between steady-state crystal size and deviatoric stress as a polar ice-mass piezometer is discussed.
Effects of temperature and pressure on the transformation rate from air bubbles to air-hydrate crystals in ice sheets
Authors: Uchida Tsutomu , Hondoh Takeo , Mae Shinji , Duval Paul , Lipenkov Volodya Ya
Published: September 2017

Experimental investigations on the formation and growth processes of air-hydrate crystals were carried out to determine the transformation process of air bubbles into air-hydrate crystals in deep ice sheets. The microscopic observations revealed that the transformation began at the boundary between a bubble and ice. Faster transformation occurred along the boundary and, subsequently, the transformation progressed towards the center of the bubble at a lower rate. Each transformation rate increased with pressure and also with temperature. The activation energy of the transformation was about 0.52 eV for the primary transformation process and about 0.90 eV for subsequent processes. These results indicate that the rate determining the process of transformation is mainly supplementation of water molecules to the transformation site. An estimation of the transformation period of an air bubble into an air-hydrate crystal in a deep ice sheet reveals that it is about one thousandth of the time period of the transition zone, where both air-hydrates and air bubbles exist
Ice thickness, bed topography and basal-reflection strengths from radar sounding, Upstream B, West Antarctica
Authors: Novick A.N. , Bentley C.R. , Lord N.
Published: September 2017

Radar profiling in the area around Upstream B camp (82.5° S, 128.7° W) was performed during the austral 1991−92 summer. About 150 km of lines covering 80 km2 along The Ohio State University strain grid were profiled. The high density of data along the profiling lines allowed us to use median filtering schemes to remove or decrease interference from near-surface diffractors. Bed and surface elevations are poorly correlated. Hydraulic-head gradients suggest ponding of water in some places and drainage from others. Reflection amplitudes vary over a range of about 24 dB, partly because of scattering by crevasses, but partly also because of real differences in bed reflection.
Accumulation variation in eastern Kemp Land, Antarctica
Authors: Goodwin Ian D. , Higham Martin , Allison Ian , Jaiwen Ren
Published: September 2017

The spatial pattern of accumulation rate for eastern Kemp Land in the elevation range 1850-2700 m is presented together with observations of the physical parameters of snow temperature, average microwave emissivity (19 GHz, H polarization), distribution of depth hoar and firn-crystal diameter. The broad accumulation pattern in the region was found to be significantly low when compared to other coastal areas of East Antarctica such as Wilkes Land. The low accumulation regime is attributed to low atmospheric moisture transport and low penetration of synoptic cyclonic systems on to the coastal slopes. In the absence of high coastal precipitation, the accumulation rate is determined predominantly by surface snow redistribution processes. Attempts to determine accumulation-rate time series using visible layer, δ18O isotope and electrical conductivity stratigraphies were unsuccessful due to the relatively low coastal accumulation rates (less than 280 kg m-2a-1) and the complex modification of precipitation by redistribution processes.δ18O variations of seemingly cyclic nature observed throughout the cores were interpreted as a product of the snow-dune building and erosion processes, together with general redistribution of snows by the surface wind field, under the influence of mesoscale topographic roughness
Recent survey of brine infiltration in McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Morse D. L. , Waddington E. D.
Published: September 2017

The brine infiltration zone of Mc Murdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, has been extensively studied by previous authors. Brine percolates inland laterally from the ice front, opposite to the direction of ice-shelf motion. Inland propagation of brine pulses following ice-shelf break-outs appears to be the primary brine-infiltration mechanism. During the 1992-93 field season, we used radio-echo sounding to resurvey the inland limit of the brine-infiltration zone. The boundary had been similarly mapped in 1977. We observed that since the earlier survey, one 7km section his retreated seaward by approximately 800 m while another 5 km section is unchanged. These displacements are consistent with the earlier hypothesis that brine infiltration occurs by the influx of brine pulses
Detailed elevation map of Ice Stream C, Antarctica, using satellite imagery and airborne radar
Authors: Bidschadler R.A. , Vornberger P.L.
Published: September 2017

Surface elevations collected by airborne radar arc interpolated between flight lines using Landsat I'M image data to produce a detailed digital elevation model of a part of Ice Stream C, West Antarctica. The photodinometric method developed is general and allows the derivation of surface elevation along any line parallel to the solar illumination from a single known elevation on that line. Accuracies of the derived elevations are improved with additional elevation control that permits an empirical determination of parameters in the photoclinometric equation accounting for albedo and atmospheric scattering. Elevation errors increase approximately linearly with the integration distance. An explicit relationship is derived that shows the image brightness is insensitive to the cross-Sun component of small surface slopes typical of ice sheets. The greatest impediment to the accuracy of this technique is the radiance resolution of the sensor which limits the signal-to-noise ratio of the image data and can mask variations in albedo that are falsely converted to variations in surface slope.
Flow regime of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, Antarctica: structural evidence from Landsat imagery
Authors: Hambrey Michael J. , Dowdeswell Julian A.
Published: September 2017

High-resolution visible and near-infrared satellite imagery provides a means of investigating the structural glaciology, and in turn the dynamics, of large ice masses. The Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system is one of the largest ice drainage basins in Antarctica and has previously yielded conflicting evidence concerning its dynamic behaviour: either that the system has a propensity for surging or that it has a constant flow regime. Digital manipulation of Landsat imagery allows analysis of the structure of the glacier system, showing longitudinal foliation, medial moraines and crevasse patterns that provide no evidence of surging behavior during the residence time of ice in the glacier system.
Holocene temperature variations inferred from Antarctic ice cores
Authors: Ciais P. , Jouzel J. , Petit J. R. , Lipenkov V. , White J. W. C.
Published: September 2017

We have reconstructed temperature changes over the past 15 000 years from ice-core data in Antarctica. We used measurements of the D/H isotope ratio in ice as a proxy of temperature for central sites (Vostok, Dome C and Komsomolskaya; as well as coastal sites (D47, D15 and D10). First, we examined the dating of each core and built up a common temporal framework for the ensemble of the data. Secondly, we addressed the problem of inferring small-amplitude temperature fluctuations from the isotope data, in the light of noise-generating mechanisms involved in snow deposition. Temperature was reconstructed so as to minimize distortion created by the sampling of ice cores in the field. The seven ice cores studied yield an average temperature curve which can be put in perspective with nearby paleoclimatic records. The early Holocene experienced climates warmer than today by 1-2°C. The late Holocene period shows more discernible, shorter-duration, temperature fluctuations, superimposed on a fairly stable "base-line" temperature.
Reliability-based Support Optimization of Rockbolt Reinforcement around Tunnels in Rock Masses
Authors: Zhao Hongbo , Ru Zhongliang , Zhu Changxing
Published: September 2017

Traditionally, the design of tunnels is based on determinate parameter values. In practice, both the performance and safety of tunnels are affected by numerous uncertainties: for example,it is difficult for engineers to predict uncertainties in geological conditions and rock mass properties. The purpose of reliability-based optimization (RBO) is to find a balanced design that is not only economical but also reliable in the presence of uncertainty. In the past few decades, numerous reliability optimization techniques have been proposed for taking uncertainty into account in the design of engineering structures. In the present study, the first-order reliability method (FORM) was used to compute the reliability index using Excel Solver. The least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) approach was adopted to build a relationship between reliability index and design variables,and the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm was employed for the reliability-based optimization. A proposed LSSVM/ABC-based reliability optimization method was applied to the case of a tunnel with rockbolt reinforcement. The mechanical parameters of the rock mass, in-situ stress and internal pressure were considered as the random variables. The reliability index of tunnel was analysed. The length, distance out of plane and the number of rockbolts were determined and optimized considering the uncertainty based on RBO. The proposed method improved the efficiency of RBO while maintaining high accuracy. The results showed that the proposed method not only meets the design accuracy, but also improves the efficiency of reliability-based optimization.
Delmer Daves’ 3:10 to Yuma: Aesthetics, Reception, and Cultural Significance
Authors: Pheasant-Kelly Fran
Published: September 2017

Fran Pheasant-Kelly argues for the status of Delmer Daves as an exemplary filmmaker by offering an in-depth analysis of 3:10 to Yuma. She considers the film in relation to its aesthetics, critical reception, and cultural significance, illuminating Daves’ involvement throughout. Whilst acknowledging the film as one among several significant Westerns Daves directed, her primary focus remains on 3:10 to Yuma as she tried to explain its cultural significance. Overall, her analysis examines the film’s textual aspects, archival material in respect of its critical reception, and its historical contexts. In so doing, she deeply enriches our understanding of the film’s significance in relation to the Hollywood Western genre as a whole.
The Origins of the New Statistical Account of Scotland
Authors: Hill Ian
Published: September 2017

This article examines the background and beginnings of the New Statistical Account of Scotland (NSA) of 1834–45. 1 It developed out of a lengthy involvement with the Statistical Accounts of Scotland online service and a growing frustration at the extent to which the NSA has been overshadowed by its famous forebear, the First or Old Statistical Account (OSA) of 1791–9. 2 While these publications were separate ventures, this article suggests that they were also interlinked. In particular, it argues that Sir John Sinclair of Ulbster, the father of the statistical accounts, was effectively excluded from participation in the NSA by the society for the benefit of the children of the Kirk against a background of deteriorating relations following the failure of the OSA. It goes on to explain the development of the NSA in terms of the Society's growing experience in the Edinburgh publishing world and its need for additional income, including for its recently-founded daughters fund. In the process it looks at the roles played by the originators of the NSA and at its comparative nature. A final section examines the possible motives of William Blackwood & Co for publishing the NSA but argues that the authority of the general assembly was equally important for enabling completion of the project.
‘Bottom dog men’: Disability, Social Welfare and Advocacy in the Scottish Coalfields in the Interwar Years, 1918–1939
Authors: Turner Angela , McIvor Arthur
Published: September 2017

This article connects with and builds on recent research on workmen's compensation and disability focussing on the Scottish coalfields between the wars. It draws upon a range of primary sources including coal company accident books, court cases and trade union records to analyse efforts to define and redefine disability, examining the language deployed and the agency of workers and their advocates. It is argued here that the workmen's compensation system associated disability with restricted functionality relating to work tasks and work environments. Disability became more visible and more closely monitored and this was a notably contested and adversarial terrain in Scotland in the Depression, where employers, workers and their collective organisations increasingly deployed medical expertise to support their cases regarding working and disabled bodies. In Scotland, the miners' trade unions emerged as key advocates for the disabled.
Remarkable functions of sn-3 hydroxy and phosphocholine groups in 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolipids to induce clockwise (+)-helicity around the 1,2-diacyl moiety: Evidence from conformation analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Nishida Yoshihiro , Yuan Mengfei , Fukuda Kazuo , Fujisawa Kaito , Dohi Hirofumi , Uzawa Hirotaka
Published: September 2017

Cell-membrane glycerolipids exhibit a common structural backbone of asymmetric 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol bearing polar head groups in the sn-3 position. In this study, the possible effects of sn-3 head groups on the helical conformational property around the 1,2-diacyl moiety in the solution state were examined. 1H NMR Karplus relation studies were carried out using a series of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerols bearing different sn-3 substituents (namely palmitoyl, benzyl, hydrogen, and phosphates). The 1H NMR analysis indicated that the helical property around the 1,2-diacyl moiety is considerably affected by these sn-3 substituents. The sn-3 hydroxy group induced a unique helical property, which was considerably dependent on the solvents used. In CDCl3 solution, three staggered conformers, namely gt(+), gg(−) and tg, were randomized, while in more polar solvents, the gt(+) conformer with (+)-helicity was amplified at the expense of gg(−) and tg conformers. The sn-3 phosphocholine in phosphatidylcholine exhibited a greater effect on the gt(+) conformer, which was independent of the solvents used. From the 1H NMR analysis, the helical conformational properties around the 1,2-diacyl moiety conformed to a simple empirical rule, which permitted the proposal of a conformational diagram for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerols in the solution states.
ALMA Observations of Dust Polarization and Molecular Line Emission from the Class 0 Protostellar Source Serpens SMM1
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Girart Josep M. , Tychoniec Łukasz , Rao Ramprasad , Cortés Paulo C. , Pokhrel Riwaj , Zhang Qizhou , Houde Martin , Dunham Michael M. , Kristensen Lars E. , Lai Shih-Ping , Li Zhi-Yun , Plambeck Richard L.
Published: September 2017

We present high angular resolution dust polarization and molecular line observations carried out with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) toward the Class 0 protostar Serpens SMM1. By complementing these observations with new polarization observations from the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and archival data from the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescopes (JCMT), we can compare the magnetic field orientations at different spatial scales. We find major changes in the magnetic field orientation between large (∼0.1 pc) scales—where the magnetic field is oriented E–W, perpendicular to the major axis of the dusty filament where SMM1 is embedded—and the intermediate and small scales probed by CARMA (∼1000 au resolution), the SMA (∼350 au resolution), and ALMA (∼140 au resolution). The ALMA maps reveal that the redshifted lobe of the bipolar outflow is shaping the magnetic field in SMM1 on the southeast side of the source; however, on the northwestern side and elsewhere in the source, low-velocity shocks may be causing the observed chaotic magnetic field pattern. High-spatial-resolution continuum and spectral-line observations also reveal a tight (∼130 au) protobinary system in SMM1-b, the eastern component of which is launching an extremely high-velocity, one-sided jet visible in both

) and

); however, that jet does not appear to be shaping the magnetic field. These observations show that with the sensitivity and resolution of ALMA, we can now begin to understand the role that feedback (e.g., from protostellar outflows) plays in shaping the magnetic field in very young, star-forming sources like SMM1.
Relativistic Shear Flow between Electron–Ion and Electron–Positron Plasmas and Astrophysical Applications
Authors: Liang Edison , Fu Wen , Böttcher Markus
Published: September 2017

We present particle-in-cell simulation results of relativistic shear boundary layers between electron–ion and electron–positron plasmas and discuss their potential applications to astrophysics. Specifically, we find that in the case of a fast electron–positron spine surrounded by a slow-moving or stationary electron–ion sheath, lepton acceleration proceeds in a highly anisotropic manner due to electromagnetic fields created at the shear interface. While the highest-energy leptons still produce a beaming pattern (as seen in the quasi-stationary frame of the sheath) of order 1/Γ, where Γ is the bulk Lorentz factor of the spine, for lower-energy particles, the beaming is much less pronounced. This is in stark contrast to the case of pure electron–ion shear layers, in which anisotropic particle acceleration leads to significantly narrower beaming patterns than 1/Γ for the highest-energy particles. In either case, shear-layer acceleration is expected to produce strongly angle-dependent lepton (hence, emanating radiation) spectra, with a significantly harder spectrum in the forward direction than viewed from larger off-axis angles, much beyond the regular Doppler boosting effect from a co-moving isotropic lepton distribution. This may solve the problem of the need for high (and apparently arbitrarily chosen) minimum Lorentz factors of radiating electrons, often plaguing current blazar and GRB jet modeling efforts.
Do Residents Need All Their Medications? A Cross-Sectional Survey of RNs' Views on Deprescribing and the Role of Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Ailabouni Nagham , Tordoff June , Mangin Dee , Nishtala Prasad S.
Published: September 2017

A cross-sectional survey was mailed to 307 RNs of a nationally representative sample of residential aged care facilities to investigate their views and perceptions on medication use and deprescribing in older adults. Questions were grouped according to each stage of the medication use process, and a dedicated section to explore nurses' views on deprescribing was included. Ninety-one questionnaires were received, yielding a 29.6% response rate. Respondents highlighted several challenges including achieving medication reconciliation for new residents, access to physicians to admit patients in a timely fashion, and issues pertaining to lack of clear medical information transcribing when transferring patients between health care settings. More than one half (67.4%) of nurses agreed or strongly agreed that deprescribing implemented with the help of a clinical pharmacist would be beneficial to residents and could improve medication adherence (44%), benefit residents' quality of life (50.5%), and reduce the length of time spent by nurses on medication administration (35.2%). Increased awareness regarding polypharmacy and potential deprescribing benefits is necessary to improve appropriate prescribing and medication use. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(10), 13–20.]
Two new scree plant communities in the Triglav Mountains (Julian Alps, Slovenia) / Dve novi rastlinski združbi melišč v Triglavskem pogorju (Julijske Alpe, Slovenija)
Authors: Dakskobler Igor , Zupan Branko
Published: September 2017

In the Triglav Mountains, mainly on the slopes and plateaus to the west of Mt. Triglav (Glava v Zaplanji, Vrh Zelenic) we found new localities of three rare species of Slovenian flora, Crepis terglouensis, Cerastium uniflorum and Geum reptans, and made a phytosociological inventory of their sites. Based on comparisons with similar communities within which they occur elsewhere in the Eastern and Southeastern Alps we described two new associations, Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae (alliance Thlaspion rotundifolii) and Saxifrago carniolicae-Cerastietum uniflorae (alliance Arabidion caeruleae).  Key words: Alpine flora, phytosociology, synsystematics, Crepis terglouensis, Cerastium uniflorum, Geum reptans, Triglav National Park, Slovenia V Triglavskem pogorju, predvsem na pobočjih in planotah zahodno od Triglava (Glava v Zaplanji, Vrh Zelenic) smo našli nova nahajališča treh redkih vrst v flori Sloveniji, Crepis terglouensis, Cerastium uniflorum in Geum reptans in fitocenološko popisali njihova rastišča. Na podlagi primerjav s podobnimi združbami, v katerih uspevajo omenjene vrste drugod v Vzhodnih in Jugovzhodnih Alpah, smo opisali dve novi asociaciji Crepido terglouensis-Potentilletum nitidae (zveza Thlaspion rotundifolii) in Saxifrago carniolicae-Cerastietum uniflorae (zveza Arabidion caeruleae). Ključne besede: alpska flora, fitocenologija, sinsistematika, Crepis terglouensis, Cerastium uniflorum, Geum reptans, Triglavski narodni park, Slovenija
Fosilni ribji zobje iz najdišč med Trbovljami in Laškim / Fossil fish teeth from sites between Trbovlje and Laško, Slovenia
Authors: Mikuž Vasja , Šoster Aleš , Ulaga Špela
Published: September 2017

V prispevku so obravnavani ribji zobje oziroma njihove krone iz miocenskih plasti Centralne Paratetide, ki izdanjajo na območju med krajema Trbovlje in Laško oziroma na ozemlju med rekama Savo in Savinjo. Ugotovljeni so primerki štirih rodov hrustančnic Carcharias, Carcharoides, Cosmopolitodus in Carcharhinus ter dveh rodov kostnic Diplodus in Pagrus.Ključne besede: ribe, miocen, Centralna Paratetida, Trbovlje – Laško, Slovenija In this contribution we are dealing with fish remains found in Miocene beds in the area between Trbovlje and Laško. The fossil material consists of fish teeth, belonging to fossil shark genera Carcharias, Carcharoides, Cosmopolitodus and Carcharhinus and of two kinds of bony fish belonging to genera Diplodus and Pagrus.Key words: fishes, Miocene, Central Paratethys, Trbovlje – Laško, Slovenia
Razširjenost lišajev iz skupine Lobaria s. lat. v Sloveniji / Distribution of lichens from the Lobaria s. lat. group in Slovenia
Authors: Mrak Tanja
Published: September 2017

V Sloveniji iz skupine Lobaria s. lat. zasledimo najdbe petih vrst, in sicer Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in Lobaria linita (Ach.) Rabenh., Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl. ter Ricasolia virens (With.) H.H. Blom. & Třnsberg in Ricasolia amplissima (Scop.) De Not. Epifitske vrste iz skupine Lobaria s. lat. se pojavljajo v združbi Lobarion, ki je zelo občutljiva na gozdarske posege in zračno onesnaženje. Za naštete vrste smo pregledali zgodovinske in sodobne vire, in izrisali njihove karte razširjenosti. Hkrati smo pregledali, na katerih substratih uspevajo ter v katerih habitatih oz. združbah. Preverili smo status teh vrst v bližnjih evropskih državah, kjer je lihenologija bolje razvita. Naštete vrste so v Sloveniji vezane na območja z veliko količino padavin, največ najdb  je z območja alpsko-dinarske pregrade. Za vse vrste, razen za navadnega pljučarja (L. pulmonaria), smo uspeli najti zelo majhno število navedb. Status populacij vrst ni znan. Izpostavili smo možne dejavnike, ki ogrožajo obstoj vrst iz skupine Lobaria s. lat. v Sloveniji. Ključne besede: lihenizirane glive, epifitski lišaji, karte razširjenosti, Lobaria In Slovenia, findings of five species from the Lobaria s.lat. group of lichens are recorded, namely Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. and Lobaria linita (Ach.) Rabenh., Lobarina scrobiculata (Scop.) Nyl., Ricasolia virens (With.) H. H. Blom. & Tønsberg and Ricasolia amplissima (Scop.) De Not. Epiphytic species from the Lobaria s. lat. group occur in Lobarion community, which is very sensitive to forestry interventions and air pollution. For these species, the historical and contemporary sources were investigated and distribution maps produced. At the same time, it was examined which substrates, habitats and forest communities are preferred by the species. The status of these species in neighbouring lichenologically better developed European countries, was checked. Listed species are related to areas of high mean annual precipitation areas in Slovenia, most of the finds are from the area of the Alpine-Dinaric barrier. For all species except for L. pulmonaria, we managed to find a very small number of entries. The status of populations is unknown. The potential factors that threaten the existence of species from the group Lobaria s. lat. in Slovenia are highlighted.Keywords: lichenized fungi, epiphytic lichens, distribution maps, Lobaria
Cultivable bacterial microbiota from choanae of free-living birds captured in Slovenia / Kultivabilna bakterijska mikrobiota iz sapišč prosto¬živečih ptic, ujetih v Sloveniji
Authors: Škaraban Jure , Matjašič Tjaša , Janžekovič Franc , Wilharm Gottfried , Trček Janja
Published: September 2017

We have analysed the structure of cultivable choanal microbiota from free-living birds in relation to bird diet, its richness and the relative number of opportunistic bacteria acquired from the environment. For this purpose, we have taken choanal swabs from 25 free-living birds representing 13 different bird species captured in Slovenia. From the grown cultures, 98 bacterial colonies were isolated and their 16S rRNA genes sequenced. Most of the bacteria belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria (52 %), Proteobacteria (31 %), Firmicutes (15 %) and Bacteroidetes (4 %). Thirty-two percent of sampled birds were colonized by known human opportunists and 44 % of birds by at least one known plant pathogen. Hierarchical clustering of the analyzed microbiota grouped the birds according to their predominant diet. The richness of choanal microbiota from birds feeding mainly on insects was poorer compared to the birds feeding on diverse animal and plant material. The study has shown that the free-living birds carry an important reservoir of opportunistic human and plant pathogenic bacteria in their upper respiratory tract. To get a deeper insight into its composition, a bigger pool of birds will have to be analyzed in the future.Keywords: birds, microbiota, choanae, pathogenic bacteria, diet Sestavo kultivabilne bakterijske mikrobiote v sapiščih prostoživečih ptic smo analizirali z vidika vpliva prehrane, bogatosti mikrobiote in prisotnosti oportunističnih bakterij. Petindvajsetim prostoživečim pticam, ki so bile ujete v Sloveniji in so pripadale 13 vrstam, smo odvzeli bris sapišča. Po nacepitvi brisov na mikrobiološka gojišča in gojenju, smo izolirali 98 bakterijskih kolonij in jim določili nukleotidno zaporedje gena za 16S rRNK.  Večina izoliranih bakterij je pripadala deblu Actinobacteria (52 %), Proteobacteria (31 %), Firmicutes (15 %) in Bacteroidetes (4 %). Pri približno eni tretjini ptic (32 %) smo iz sapišča izolirali vsaj eno oportunistično bakterijsko vrsto, ki lahko povzroča okužbe pri ljudeh. Pri slabi polovici ptic (44 %) pa smo v sapišču našli vsaj eno bakterijsko vrsto, ki lahko okuži rastline. Z metodo hierarhičnega združevanja smo pokazali, da imajo ptice s podobno prehrano, podobno bakterijsko mikrobioto sapišč. Ptice, ki se prehranjujejo pretežno z žuželkami so imele manj bogato mikrobioto kot ptice, ki se prehranjujejo z bolj raznoliko živalsko in rastlinsko hrano. Raziskava je tudi pokazala, da so zgornja dihala prostoživečih ptic pomemben rezervoar oportunističnih bakterij, ki lahko okužijo ljudi in rastline. Da bi dobili globji vpogled v sestavo mikrobiote zgornjih dihal, bi v prihodnosti morali povečati število analiziranih ptic.Ključne besede: ptice, mikrobiota, sapišče, patogene bakterije, prehrana
Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) ectomycorrhiza across its areal – a review approach / Ektomikorizni simbionti bele jelke (Abies alba Mill.) na naravnem območju razširjenosti – pregled
Authors: Unuk Tina , Grebenc Tine
Published: September 2017

Silver fir is a long-living ecologically valuable and indigenous conifer species. In temperate forests it is considered as a ˝stabilization tree species˝. Currently, knowledge of silver fir ectomycorrhiza community is manly based on morphological-anatomical description of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their fruiting bodies. Only recently few studies were published in which authors identified ectomycorrhizal symbionts of silver fir with an aid of molecular (DNA-based) markers. We analysed the silver fir ectomycorrhiza diversity and species richness from different geographic areas and stand types. From all together nine original studies we calculated average species richness as well as a Bray-Curtis similarity index. The highest species diversity was observed in studies where a combination of morphological-anatomical and molecular approaches were used for identification. Bray-Curtis similarity index indicated highest dissimilarity of the southern sites comparing to other areas. We correlated the observed outcome to differences in soil conditions, climate, and only basic identification approach.Keywords: Silver fir, ectomycorrhiza, literature review, community composition, site conditions, species diversity, species richness Bela jelka je vednozelena drevesna vrsta, ki ima v naravnih gozdovih ekološko pomembno vlogo, saj velja za stabilizacijsko drevesno vrsto. Podatki o ektomikoriznih simbiontih bele jelke pretežno temeljijo na morfološko-anatomskih opisih ektomikoriznih gliv in njihovih trosnjakov. Šele v zadnjih letih je bilo objavljenih nekaj študij, v katerih so avtorji združbo ektomikoriznih gliv bele jelke analizirali z molekularnimi pristopi. V preglednem članku smo analizirali rezultate pestrosti ektomikorize bele jelke z devet lokacij in preračunali povprečne vrednostmi vrstne pestrosti ter Bray-Curtisov indeks podobnosti združb. Največjo vrstno pestrost smo ugotovili za vzhodni del areala bele jelke. Poleg ugodnih rastiščnih razmer k temu predvidoma doprinesejo tudi kombinacija uporabljenih metod za identifikacijo. Bray-Curtisov indeks podobnosti združb kaže, da med zastopanimi regijami znotraj areala (centralna, vzhodna in južna) po vrstni sestavi najbolj odstopajo rastišča v južnem arealu bele jelke. Odstopanja vrstne sestave lahko povežemo z razlikami v pH tal, s tipom tal in s toplejšo, za belo jelko manj primerno klimo.Ključne besede: bela jelka, ekomikoriza, pregledni članek, združba ektomikorize na jelki, rastišči pogoji, bogastvo vrst, vrstna pestrost
Erupciones hidromagmáticas en el volcanismo cuaternario de Olot (Girona)
Authors: Martí J. , Mallarach J. Mª
Published: September 2017

En el presente trabajo se pone de manifiesto la importancia del volcanismo explosivo en el marco del volcanismo cuaternario de Girona, especialmente en la zona de Olot donde se concentran los episodios más recientes. Se han reconocido catorce edificios volcánicos que presentan alguna fase explosiva freatomagmática o freática durante su evolución. La actividad hidromagmática da lugar a una amplia diversidad de depósitos piroclásticos, cuyo estudio ha permitido distinguir varias secuencias eruptivas entre estos volcanes. Las diferencias en el comportamiento explosivo de unos volcanes a otros son debidas fundamentalmente a las distintas formas de interacción agua/magma en cada volcán, las cuales están determinadas por la estructura geológica de los últimos centenares de metros de la corteza y, especialmente, por las características hidrogeológicos del terreno.
Estudio sedimentológico de las facies Buntsandstein en el extremo NW de la Rama Castellana de la Cordillera Ibérica (prov. de Soria)
Authors: Matesanz Yagüe J.
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio sedimentológico en tres unidades litoestratigráficas de la sucesión del Buntsandstein. Los afloramientos considerados se encuentran en la zona comprendida entre Cuevas de Ayllón y Retortillo de Soria (Prov. de Soria). Cada una de estas unidades ha sido caracterizada por un conjunto de asociaciones de facies.
La unidad T-1.2 se interpreta como un sistema fluvial de baja sinuosidad asociado, al menos en lo que respecta a los tramos basales e intermedios de la misma, con un sistema de abanicos aluviales, relacionados con la Falla de Somolinos.
La unidad T-1.3 corresponde a un sistema fluvial de baja sinuosidad, con carga de fondo constituida principalmente por gravas. Hacia el E., esta unidad pasa lateralmente a areniscas.
La unidad T-1.4 ha sido dividida en tres etapas, que corresponden, de base a techo, a medios fluviales de baja, alta y baja sinuosidad respectivamente.
El Calloviense de los Ibérides (dominio Ibérico, España). Síntesis bioestratigráfica
Authors: Sequeiros L. , Meléndez G.
Published: September 2017

Se han estudiado más de 60 perfiles geológicos de edad Calloviense en los Ibérides (entre Burgos y Alicante). El Calloviense de Ricla (Zaragoza) se toma como esquema bioestratigráfico de referencia, documentándose casi todas las zonas y subzonas y muchos de los biohorizontes del Calloviense de la Mesogea. Los demás perfiles se describen sumariamente en relación al elegido como referencia, destacando su escasa potencia y la falta de Calloviense superior y frecuentemente de Calloviense medio.
How Quickly Do Fish Communities Recover From Boat Electrofishing in Large Lakes?
Authors: Smith Bradley J. , Simpkins Darin G. , Strakosh Timothy R.
Published: September 2017

For specific sampling questions researchers may need to target ideal habitats concurrently and collect reliable fish community data, but unfortunately, we know little about the recovery rate of fish communities in areas recently subjected to electrofishing. In small systems, electrofishing can quickly deplete a sample area but this effect is unlikely at larger spatial scales. We conducted an experiment to identify how quickly fish communities recover from electrofishing in Green Bay, an embayment of Lake Michigan. We conducted electrofishing at 31 sites that were randomly assigned to be resampled at 0.25, 1, 3, 6, 24, or 48 h postrelease of marked fish. We marked all fish ≥ 150 mm and released them at their capture site. We found no differences in catch per unit effort, mean total length, species richness, Shannon's diversity, or Shannon's evenness between marking and recapture runs for any length of recovery duration between electrofishing runs. We recaptured only one of 349 marked fish in the site where it was released. Recapture of five fish in areas outside where they were released was unrelated to recovery duration between electrofishing events. In large, open systems like Green Bay, we found that disturbances caused by electrofishing are temporary (< 15 min) and suspect that any fish removed are quickly replaced by new immigrants to the study area. Due to high turbidity in this eutrophic–hypereutrophic system, we suspect that electrofishing efficiency was low; therefore resampling had the potential benefit of collecting individuals missed during marking runs. We conclude that fish communities in large lakes recover quickly following electrofishing and sites can be sampled concurrently within the same day and provide similar, or additional, fish community information.
Rediscovering Virtual Reality in the Education of Architectural Design: The immersive simulation of spatial experiences
Authors: Angulo Antonieta
Published: September 2017

The paper describes current research efforts in the College of Architecture and Planning (CAP) at Ball State University seeking to assess and make creative use of the instructional potential of immersive simulation implemented in virtual reality (VR) environments. We have conducted graduate and undergraduate design studios using the CAP VR Environment, which is a fully implemented VR environment equipped with a Head-Mounted-Display (HMD) system complete with spatial tracking capabilities. Through these implementations we have contributed to the validation of the use of the CAP VR Environment in design studios and have started to develop teaching/learning methodologies for effectively using this immersive VR environment for aiding novice students in the design of architectural spatial experiences. Assuming that only tools that allow us to simulate presence through time may effectively aid the design of spatial experiences, the CAP VR Environment has been used as such a tool for simulating and testing the effectiveness of architectural spatial experiences. The paper describes the learning outcomes in the application of the CAP VR Environment within the studio setting and the level of satisfaction of the students. It also addresses the potential for future research in the use of immersive VR tools.
Designing “pre-reflective” architecture
Authors: Jelić Andrea
Published: September 2017

The essence of the neurophenomenological “twist” in architecture resides in its particular strength for a more concrete approach to the issue of architectural experience in its multi-sensorial richness. By placing human experience at the centre of architectural design – acknowledging the phenomenal body as the only genuine architectural subject – this specific union of the latest neuroscientific research with the extensive phenomenological legacy can offer valuable insights for interpreting our embodiment and how we relate with our architectural environment. Accordingly, the notion of “pre-reflective” architecture emphasizes the fundamentally embodied and largely pre-conscious interdependence of architectural spaces and our perceptual experience. In a nutshell, the neurophenomenological investigations of architecture aim to identify and approximate the conditions of embodied experience of architecture, while revealing that a purely conceptual engagement with architectural spaces is only a misconception. Also, it raises awareness of the embodied nature of the design process itself, and the need to be attentive to the discordance between the architectural tools for design and representation, designed on the basis of a physical-mathematical conception of space, and the spatiality of the phenomenal world in which we live.
Effect of Radiation on MHD Free Convective Flow over a Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Baag S. , Mishra S.R. , Nayak B. , Acharya M.R.
Published: September 2017

In this analysis, effects of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation on an electrically conducting boundary layer flow, heat and mass transfer of a fluid through a porous medium over a stretching sheet in the presence of heat source/sink is considered. The symmetry groups admitted by the corresponding boundary value problem are obtained by using symmetric transformations. These transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations of the governing equations into self-similar non-linear ordinary differential equations. These transformed ODEs are solved by employing Runge-Kutta fourth order with shooting method. Numerical results obtained for different thermo-physical parameters characterizes the flow phenomena are drawn graphically and effects of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed. Numerical computation for skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also obtained and presented in Tables.
Entropy Generation Analysis of Buoyancy Effect on Hydromagnetic Poiseuille Flow with Internal Heat Generation
Authors: Opanuga Abiodun A. , Okagbue Hilary I. , Agboola Olasumbo O. , Imaga Ogbu F.
Published: September 2017

This paper presents the entropy generation analysis of buoyancy effect with internal heat generation on a viscous incompressible non-Newtonian hydromagnetic Poiseuille flow through vertical isothermal walls. The solution of the non-linear boundary value problems obtained from the governing equations is constructed via the rapidly convergent semi-analytical technique of Adomian decomposition. Graphs and table are presented to analyse the effects of some parameters on fluid motion, temperature, entropy generation and irreversibility ratio.
Simulation of Non Newtonian Power-Law Fluid Flows and Mixed Convection Heat Transfer inside of Curved Duct
Authors: Fayçal Bouzit , Laidoudi Houssem , Bouzit Mohamed
Published: September 2017

A two-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out to understand the combined effects of thermal buoyancy strength and rheological flow behavior of non Newtonian power-law fluids on laminar flow and heat transfer rate through a 180° curved duct. The governing equations including the full Navier-Stokes, the continuity and the energy are solved using the commercial code ANSYS-CFX. The numerical results are presented and discussed for the range of conditions as: Re = 40 to 1000, Ri = 0 to 1 and n = 0.4 to 1.2 for fixed value of Prandt number of Pr = 1. In order to analyze the obtained results, the representative streamlines and isotherm patterns are presented. The average Nusselt number of the inner and outer walls of duct is computed to determine the role of Reynolds number, Richardson number and power-law index on flow and heat transfer. It is found that increase in Richardson number creates alternative vortices on duct walls. Moreover, the alternative vortices enhance the heat transfer rate for shear thinning, Newtonian and shear thickening fluids.