bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awakening the Synthesizer Knob: Gestural Perspectives
Authors: Jense Arvid , Eggen Berry
Published: October 2015

While being the primary mode of interaction with mainstream digital musical instruments, the knob has been greatly overlooked in its potential for innovation. In this paper, we aim to open up the thinking about new possibilities for the knob. Based on an analysis of the background of the knob and the relevant theory on interaction, three directives are formulated to guide the design of a new breed of knobs. Six prototypes are tested through an AttrakDiff questionnaire and Discourse Analysis. It is shown that the proposed new breed of knobs has stronger hedonic qualities than knobs of mainstream digital musical instruments, though the pragmatic quality appears lower. The strongest improvement is seen in stimulation, an important factor in enticing investment to play, and as such, more expressive control. Through using three directives, a new generation of knobs can be made that would improve the expressive affordances of digital musical instruments.
Bioactive Hydantoin Alkaloids from the Red Sea Marine Sponge Hemimycale arabica
Authors: Youssef Diaa , Shaala Lamiaa , Alshali Khalid
Published: October 2015

In the course of our continuing efforts to identify bioactive secondary metabolites from Red Sea marine invertebrates, we have investigated the sponge Hemimycale arabica. The antimicrobial fraction of an organic extract of the sponge afforded two new hydantoin alkaloids, hemimycalins A and B (2 and 3), together with the previously reported compound (Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (1). The structures of the compounds were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) studies and high-resolution mass spectral determinations. Hemimycalins A (2) and B (3) represent the first examples of the natural N-alkylated hydantoins from the sponge Hemimycale arabica. Compounds 1–3 displayed variable antimicrobial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans. In addition, compound 1 displayed moderate antiproliferative activity against the human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell line. These findings provide further insight into the chemical diversity as well as the biological activity of this class of compounds.
Isolation and Analysis of the Cppsy Gene and Promoter from Chlorella protothecoides CS-41
Authors: Li Meiya , Cui Yan , Gan Zhibing , Shi Chunlei , Shi Xianming
Published: October 2015

Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to form phytoene, the first colorless carotene in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. So it is regarded as the crucial enzyme for carotenoid production, and has unsurprisingly been involved in genetic engineering studies of carotenoid production. In this study, the psy gene from Chlorella protothecoides CS-41, designated Cppsy, was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length DNA was 2488 bp, and the corresponding cDNA was 1143 bp, which encoded 380 amino acids. Computational analysis suggested that this protein belongs to the Isoprenoid_Biosyn_C1 superfamily. It contained the consensus sequence, including three predicted substrate-Mg2+ binding sites. The Cppsy gene promoter was also cloned and characterized. Analysis revealed several candidate motifs for the promoter, which exhibited light- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-responsive characteristics, as well as some typical domains universally discovered in promoter sequences, such as the TATA-box and CAAT-box. Light- and MeJA treatment showed that the Cppsy expression level was significantly enhanced by light and MeJA. These results provide a basis for genetically modifying the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in C. protothecoides.
Effect of Cold Rolling on the Hydrogen Desorption Behavior of Binary Metal Hydride Powders under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Da Silva Dupim Ivaldete , Ferreira Santos Sydney , Huot Jacques
Published: October 2015

In this paper we report that cold rolling could drastically improve hydrogen desorption kinetics under microwave irradiation. Samples of metal hydride powders (TiH2, ZrH2, and MgH2) in as-received conditions and after cold rolling were microwave irradiated in a vacuum using a simple experimental setup. After irradiation, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction in other to evaluate the effectiveness of microwave heating. The diffraction patterns indicated that only MgH2 could be fully decomposed (dehydrided) in the as received state. TiH2 was only partially decomposed while no decomposition was observed for ZrH2. However, cold rolling the hydride powders prior to microwave heating led to a significant improvement of hydride decomposition, resulting in the complete dehydriding of TiH2 and extensive dehydriding of ZrH2. These results clearly indicated the positive effects of cold rolling on the microwave assisted desorption of the investigated binary hydrides.
Modeling and Simulation of Optimal Resource Management during the Diurnal Cycle in Emiliania huxleyi by Genome-Scale Reconstruction and an Extended Flux Balance Analysis Approach
Authors: Knies David , Wittmüß Philipp , Appel Sebastian , Sawodny Oliver , Ederer Michael , Feuer Ronny
Published: October 2015

The coccolithophorid unicellular alga Emiliania huxleyi is known to form large blooms, which have a strong effect on the marine carbon cycle. As a photosynthetic organism, it is subjected to a circadian rhythm due to the changing light conditions throughout the day. For a better understanding of the metabolic processes under these periodically-changing environmental conditions, a genome-scale model based on a genome reconstruction of the E. huxleyi strain CCMP 1516 was created. It comprises 410 reactions and 363 metabolites. Biomass composition is variable based on the differentiation into functional biomass components and storage metabolites. The model is analyzed with a flux balance analysis approach called diurnal flux balance analysis (diuFBA) that was designed for organisms with a circadian rhythm. It allows storage metabolites to accumulate or be consumed over the diurnal cycle, while keeping the structure of a classical FBA problem. A feature of this approach is that the production and consumption of storage metabolites is not defined externally via the biomass composition, but the result of optimal resource management adapted to the diurnally-changing environmental conditions. The model in combination with this approach is able to simulate the variable biomass composition during the diurnal cycle in proximity to literature data.
Multifunctional Platform with CMOS-Compatible Tungsten Microhotplate for Pirani, Temperature, and Gas Sensor
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yu  Jun
Published: October 2015

A multifunctional platform based on the microhotplate was developed for applications including a Pirani vacuum gauge, temperature, and gas sensor. It consisted of a tungsten microhotplate and an on-chip operational amplifier. The platform was fabricated in a standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. A tungsten plug in standard CMOS process was specially designed as the serpentine resistor for the microhotplate, acting as both heater and thermister. With the sacrificial layer technology, the microhotplate was suspended over the silicon substrate with a 340 nm gap. The on-chip operational amplifier provided a bias current for the microhotplate. This platform has been used to develop different kinds of sensors. The first one was a Pirani vacuum gauge ranging from 1-1 to 105 Pa. The second one was a temperature sensor ranging from -20 to 70 °C. The third one was a thermal-conductivity gas sensor, which could distinguish gases with different thermal conductivities in constant gas pressure and environment temperature. In the fourth application, with extra fabrication processes including the deposition of gas-sensitive film, the platform was used as a metal-oxide gas sensor for the detection of gas concentration.
A Double Emulsion-Based, Plastic-Glass Hybrid Microfluidic Platform for Protein Crystallization
Authors: Zhu Deyong , Zhou Xiaohu , Zheng Bo
Published: October 2015

This paper reports the design and construction of a plastic-glass hybrid microfluidic platform for performing protein crystallization trials in nanoliter double emulsions. The double emulsion-based protein crystallization trials were implemented with both the vapor-diffusion method and microbatch method by controlling the diffusion of water between the inner and outer phases and by eliminating water evaporation. Double emulsions, whose inner and outer environments can be easily adjusted, can provide ideal conditions to explore protein crystallization with the advantages of a convection-free environment and a homogeneous interface. The property of the water-oil interface was demonstrated to be a critical factor for nucleation, and appropriate surfactants should be chosen to prevent protein adsorption at the interface. The results from the volume effect study showed a trend of fewer crystals and longer incubation time when the protein solution volume became smaller, suggesting that the nucleation in protein crystallization process can be controlled by changing the volume of protein solutions. Finally, sparse matrix screening was achieved using the double emulsion-based microbatch method. The double emulsion-based approach for protein crystallization is a promising tool for enhancing the crystal quality by controlling the nucleation process.
Influence of the Drum Position Parameters and the Ranging Arm Thickness on the Coal Loading Performance
Authors: Gao Kuidong , Du Changlong , Dong Jianghui , Zeng Qingliang
Published: October 2015

The poor coal loading performance of a shearer drum primarily restricts the widespread application of the shearer and affects the mining efficiency in thin seam mining. The coal loading performance of the shearer drum is influenced by several factors, such as geographical environment, drum structural parameters, and motion parameters. In addition to the above factors, in the actual production, the coal loading performance of the shearer drum is also affected significantly by the drum position parameters and the structural parameters of the connected equipment, e.g., the thickness of the ranging arm. The influence of the parameters on the coal loading performance of the shearer drum was studied using a three-dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM) simulation in the current study, and the trends of the influential parameters were obtained. Therefore, the results of this study can provide technical guidance for thin seam shearer structural design, associated equipment selection, and mining technology selection, thus improving the mining efficiency and reducing the labor cost.
Association between Dietary Vitamin A Intake and the Risk of Glioma: Evidence from a Meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Wen , Zhong Xian , Xu Lingmin , Han Weidong
Published: October 2015

The results from epidemiological studies between dietary vitamin A intake and glioma risk is not consistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to confirm the exact relationship between them. PubMed and Web of Knowledge were used to search the relevant articles up to May 2015. Pooled relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)was calculated using random-effect model. Egger’s test was used to assess the small-study effect. At the end, seven articles with eight case-control studies involving 1841 glioma cases and 4123 participants were included. Our study indicated that highest category of dietary vitamin A intake was significantly associated with reduced risk of glioma (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62–0.98, p = 0.014, I2 = 54.9%). Egger’s test did not find any publication bias. In conclusion, our study indicated that higher category of dietary vitamin A intake could reduce the glioma risk. However, we could not do a dose-response analysis for vitamin A intake with glioma risk due to the limited data in each reported individual article. Due to this limitation, further studies with detailed dose, cases and person-years for each category is wanted to assess this dose-response association.
Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin
Authors: Boets Eef , Deroover Lise , Houben Els , Vermeulen Karen , Gomand Sara , Delcour Jan , Verbeke Kristin
Published: October 2015

Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are produced during bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the human colon. In this study, we applied a stable-isotope dilution method to quantify the in vivo colonic production of SCFA in healthy humans after consumption of inulin. Twelve healthy subjects performed a test day during which a primed continuous intravenous infusion with [1-13C]acetate, [1-13C]propionate and [1-13C]butyrate (12, 1.2 and 0.6 μmol·kg−1·min−1, respectively) was applied. They consumed 15 g of inulin with a standard breakfast. Breath and blood samples were collected at regular times during the day over a 12 h period. The endogenous rate of appearance of acetate, propionate, and butyrate was 13.3 ± 4.8, 0.27 ± 0.09, and 0.28 ± 0.12 μmol·kg−1·min−1, respectively. Colonic inulin fermentation was estimated to be 137 ± 75 mmol acetate, 11 ± 9 mmol propionate, and 20 ± 17 mmol butyrate over 12 h, assuming that 40%, 10%, and 5% of colonic derived acetate, propionate, and butyrate enter the systemic circulation. In conclusion, inulin is mainly fermented into acetate and, to lesser extents, into butyrate and propionate. Stable isotope technology allows quantifying the production of the three main SCFA in vivo and proved to be a practical tool to investigate the extent and pattern of SCFA production.
Monitoring the Impacts of Severe Drought on Southern California Chaparral Species using Hyperspectral and Thermal Infrared Imagery
Authors: Coates Austin , Dennison Philip , Roberts Dar , Roth Keely
Published: October 2015

Airborne hyperspectral and thermal infrared imagery acquired in 2013 and 2014, the second and third years of a severe drought in California, were used to assess drought impacts on dominant plant species. A relative green vegetation fraction (RGVF) calculated from 2013–2014 Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data using linear spectral unmixing revealed seasonal and multi-year changes relative to a pre-drought 2011 reference AVIRIS image. Deeply rooted tree species and tree species found in mesic areas showed the least change in RGVF. Coastal sage scrub species demonstrated the highest seasonal variability, as well as a longer-term decline in RGVF. Ceanothus species were apparently least well-adapted to long-term drought among chaparral species, showing persistent declines in RGVF over 2013 and 2014. Declining RGVF was associated with higher land surface temperature retrieved from MODIS-ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) data. Combined collection of hyperspectral and thermal infrared imagery may offer new opportunities for mapping and monitoring drought impacts on ecosystems.
Comparative Analysis of Material Criteria in Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Tools and Urban Design Guidelines: Cases of the UK, the US, Japan, and Korea
Authors: Yoon Jungwon , Park Jiyoung
Published: October 2015

Sustainability assessment tools have been developed for building-scale sustainability since the 1990s. Several systems, such as BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology), LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency), are widely used and have been upgraded and adapted to large-scale development. BREEAM Communities, LEED Neighborhood Development and CASBEE for Urban Development have been implemented in the UK, the USA and Japan, respectively. As the notion of sustainable urban design has gained more significance, city governments have set their own guidelines for sustainable standards in urban design based on studies of sustainability assessment tools. This study focused on a comparative analysis of the material criteria embedded for sustainable urban design in BREEAM Communities, LEED-ND (Neighborhood Development) and CASBEE-UD (Urban Development), and the urban design guidelines recently issued in multiple cities, including London, New York, Tokyo, and Seoul. The top master plans and the supplementary guidelines were analyzed to investigate the detailed material criteria. The study examined the differences in the material assessment criteria, evaluation parameters, and descriptions of the neighborhood sustainability assessment tools and the urban design guidelines. The material criteria was investigated and discussed to summarize the current features and weaknesses as balanced material assessments for sustainable urban development.
A Hypothesis for Self-Organization and Symmetry Reduction in the Synchronization of Organ-Level Contractions in the Human Uterus during Labor
Authors: Banney David , Young Roger , Paul Jonathan , Imtiaz Mohammad , Smith Roger
Published: October 2015

We present a hypothesis for a mechanism involving self-organization of small functional units that leads to organ-level synchronization of uterine contractions in human labor. This view is in contrast to the long-held presumption that the synchronized behavior of the uterus is subject to well-defined internal organization (as is found in the heart) that exists prior to the onset of labor. The contractile units of the uterus are myocytes, which contract in response to both mechanical stretch and electrical stimulation. Throughout pregnancy progesterone maintains quiescence by suppression of “contraction-associated proteins” (CAPs). At the end of pregnancy a functional withdrawal of progesterone and an increasingly estrogenic environment leads to an increase in the production of CAPs. One CAP of particular importance is connexin 43, which creates gap junctions between the myocytes that cause them to become electrically coupled. The electrical connectivity between myocytes, combined with an increase in intrauterine pressure at the end of pregnancy shifts the uterus towards an increasingly unstable critical point, characterized by irregular, uncoordinated contractions. We propose that synchronous, coordinated contractions emerge from this critical point through a process of self-organization, and that the search for a uterine pacemaker has been unfruitful for the sole reason that it is non-existent.
Nanotoxicology and Metalloestrogens: Possible Involvement in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wallace David
Published: October 2015

As the use of nanotechnology has expanded, an increased number of metallic oxides have been manufactured, yet toxicology testing has lagged significantly. Metals used in nano-products include titanium, silicon, aluminum, silver, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, antimony, gold, etc. Even the noble metals, platinum and cerium, have been used as a treatment for cancer, but the toxicity of these metals is still unknown. Significant advances have been made in our understanding and treatment of breast cancer, yet millions of women will experience invasive breast cancer in their lifetime. The pathogenesis of breast cancer can involve multiple factors; (1) genetic; (2) environmental; and (3) lifestyle-related factors. This review focuses on exposure to highly toxic metals, (“metalloestrogens” or “endocrine disruptors”) that are used as the metallic foundation for nanoparticle production and are found in a variety of consumer products such as cosmetics, household items, and processed foods, etc. The linkage between well-understood metalloestrogens such as cadmium, the use of these metals in the production of nanoparticles, and the relationship between their potential estrogenic effects and the development of breast cancer will be explored. This will underscore the need for additional testing of materials used in nano-products. Clearly, a significant amount of work needs to be done to further our understanding of these metals and their potential role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Indolic Uremic Solutes Enhance Procoagulant Activity of Red Blood Cells through Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microparticle Release
Authors: Gao Chunyan , Ji Shuting , Dong Weijun , Qi Yushan , Song Wen , Cui Debin , Shi Jialan
Published: October 2015

Increased accumulation of indolic uremic solutes in the blood of uremic patients contributes to the risk of thrombotic events. Red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant blood cells in circulation, may be a privileged target of these solutes. However, the effect of uremic solutes indoxyl sulfate (IS) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on procoagulant activity (PCA) of erythrocyte is unclear. Here, RBCs from healthy adults were treated with IS and IAA (mean and maximal concentrations reported in uremic patients). Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure of RBCs and their microparticles (MPs) release were labeled with Alexa Fluor 488-lactadherin and detected by flow cytometer. Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]) with Fluo 3/AM was analyzed by flow cytometer. PCA was assessed by clotting time and purified coagulation complex assays. We found that PS exposure, MPs generation, and consequent PCA of RBCs at mean concentrations of IS and IAA enhanced and peaked in maximal uremic concentrations. Moreover, 128 nM lactadherin, a PS inhibitor, inhibited over 90% PCA of RBCs and RMPs. Eryptosis or damage, by indolic uremic solutes was due to, at least partially, the increase of cytosolic [Ca2+]. Our results suggest that RBC eryptosis in uremic solutes IS and IAA plays an important role in thrombus formation through releasing RMPs and exposing PS. Lactadherin acts as an efficient anticoagulant in this process.
An Hourly Streamflow Forecasting Model Coupled with an Enforced Learning Strategy
Authors: Wu Ming-Chang , Lin Gwo-Fong
Published: October 2015

Floods, one of the most significant natural hazards, often result in loss of life and property. Accurate hourly streamflow forecasting is always a key issue in hydrology for flood hazard mitigation. To improve the performance of hourly streamflow forecasting, a methodology concerning the development of neural network (NN) based models with an enforced learning strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, four different NNs, namely back propagation network (BPN), radial basis function network (RBFN), self-organizing map (SOM), and support vector machine (SVM), are used to construct streamflow forecasting models. Through the cross-validation test, NN-based models with superior performance in streamflow forecasting are detected. Then, an enforced learning strategy is developed to further improve the performance of the superior NN-based models, i.e., SOM and SVM in this study. Finally, the proposed flow forecasting model is obtained. Actual applications are conducted to demonstrate the potential of the proposed model. Moreover, comparison between the NN-based models with and without the enforced learning strategy is performed to evaluate the effect of the enforced learning strategy on model performance. The results indicate that the NN-based models with the enforced learning strategy indeed improve the accuracy of hourly streamflow forecasting. Hence, the presented methodology is expected to be helpful for developing improved NN-based streamflow forecasting models.
Postpollination discrimination between self and outcross pollen covaries with the mating system of a self‐compatible flowering plant
Authors: Cruzan Mitchell B. , Barrett Spencer C. H.
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Variation in the mating system of hermaphroditic plant populations is determined by interactions between genetic and environmental factors operating via both pre‐ and postmating processes. Models predicting the maintenance of intermediate outcrossing rates in animal‐pollinated plants often assume that the mating system is primarily controlled by floral morphology and pollinator availability, but rarely has the influence of postpollination processes on variation in outcrossing been examined.

METHODS:

We investigated the influence of stylar discrimination between illegitimate and legitimate pollen‐tube growth and the pollen‐load capacity of stigmas on mating‐system variation in the annual, tristylous species Eichhornia paniculata using controlled crosses and genetic markers. This species exhibits an exceptionally broad range of outcrossing rates in natural populations.

KEY RESULTS:

There was significant variation among populations in the pollen‐load capacity of stigmas and the ability of styles to discriminate between illegitimate vs. legitimate pollen. There was strong correspondence between stylar‐discrimination ability and variation in outcrossing rate among populations and style morphs. The combination of stigmatic pollen‐load capacity and stylar discrimination explained more than 80% of the variation in outcrossing rates among populations.

CONCLUSIONS:

The finding that stigmatic pollen‐load capacity and stylar‐discrimination ability contributed significantly to explaining the wide range of outcrossing rates in E. paniculata suggests that postpollination mechanisms play an important role in governing mating patterns in this species. The difference in levels of stylar discrimination between outcrossing and selfing populations may reflect a trade‐off between selection for increased outcrossing and greater reproductive assurance.
Patterns of among‐ and within‐species variation in heterospecific pollen receipt: The importance of ecological generalization
Authors: Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo , Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Jankowiak Anneka , Kohler Clare , Meindl George A. , Navarro‐Fernández Carmen M. , Parra‐Tabla Víctor , Ashman Tia‐Lynn , Alonso Conchita
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Coflowering plants are at risk for receiving pollen from heterospecifics as well as conspecifics, yet evidence shows wide variation in the degree that heterospecific pollen transfer occurs. Evaluation of patterns and correlates of among‐ and within‐species variation in heterospecific pollen (HP) receipt is key to understanding its importance for floral evolution and species coexistence; however, the rarity of deeply sampled multispecies comparisons has precluded such an evaluation.

METHODS:

We evaluated patterns of among‐ and within‐species variation in HP load size and diversity in 19 species across three distinct plant communities. We assessed the importance of phenotypic specialization (floral phenotype), ecological specialization (contemporary visitor assemblage), and conspecific flower density as determinants of among‐species variation. We present hypotheses for different accrual patterns of HP within species based on the evenness and quality of floral visitors and evaluated these by characterizing the relationship between conspecific pollen (CP) and HP receipt.

KEY RESULTS:

We found that within‐species variation in HP receipt was greater than among‐species and among‐communities variation. Among species, ecological generalization emerged as the strongest driver of variation in HP receipt irrespective of phenotypic specialization. Within‐species variation in HP load size and diversity was predicted most often from two CP‐HP relationships (linear or exponentially decreasing), suggesting that two distinct types of plant–pollinator interactions prevail.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results give important insights into the potential drivers of among‐ and within‐species variation in HP receipt. They also highlight the value of explorations of patterns at the intraspecific level, which can ultimately shed light on plant‐pollinator‐mediated selection in diverse plant communities.
Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome‐scale data set
Authors: Stull Gregory W. , Duno de Stefano Rodrigo , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S.
Published: October 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Major relationships within Lamiidae, an asterid clade with ∼40000 species, have largely eluded resolution despite two decades of intensive study. The phylogenetic positions of Icacinaceae and other early‐diverging lamiid clades (Garryales, Metteniusaceae, and Oncothecaceae) have been particularly problematic, hindering classification and impeding our understanding of early lamiid (and euasterid) character evolution.

METHODS:

To resolve basal lamiid phylogeny, we sequenced 50 plastid genomes using the Illumina sequencing platform and combined these with available asterid plastome sequence data for more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses.

KEY RESULTS:

Our analyses resolved basal lamiid relationships with strong support, including the circumscription and phylogenetic position of the enigmatic Icacinaceae. This greatly improved basal lamiid phylogeny offers insight into character evolution and facilitates an updated classification for this clade, which we present here, including phylogenetic definitions for 10 new or converted clade names. We also offer recommendations for applying this classification to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) system, including the recognition of a reduced Icacinaceae, an expanded Metteniusaceae, and two orders new to APG: Icacinales (Icacinaceae + Oncothecaceae) and Metteniusales (Metteniusaceae).

CONCLUSIONS:

The lamiids possibly radiated from an ancestry of tropical trees with inconspicuous flowers and large, drupaceous fruits, given that these morphological characters are distributed across a grade of lineages (Icacinaceae, Oncothecaceae, Metteniusaceae) subtending the core lamiid clade (Boraginales, Gentianales, Lamiales, Solanales, Vahlia). Furthermore, the presence of similar morphological features among members of Aquifoliales suggests these characters might be ancestral for the Gentianidae (euasterids) as a whole.
REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS USING BACTERIAL BIO-FLOCCULANTS OF BACILLUS SP. AND PSEUDOMONAS SP.
Authors: AZZAM Ahmed M. , TAWFIK Ahmed
Published: October 2015

Bio-flocculants produced by Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were evaluated as flocculating agents for the removal of Cu (II), Pb (II) and Cd (II) from chemical and textile wastewater industries. Both bio-flocculants were very effective for removal of heavy metals at a dosage not exceeding 0.1 mg/ml. However, the removal efficiency of heavy metals was dependant on initial concentration and type of bio-flocculants. 84.0% of Cu2+ and 99.5% of Pb2+ were removed from industrial wastewater using Bacillus sp. Bio-flocculant resulting residual values of 28.5 and 1.13μg/l respectively in the treated effluent. Lower removal efficiencies of 70.4% for Cu2+ and 97.8% for Pb2+ occurred using Pseudomonas sp. bioflocculant. Nevertheless, Pseudomonas sp. bio-flocculant achieved a substantially higher removal efficiency of Cd2+ (93.5%) as compared to 72.9% using Bacillus sp. Based on these results bio-flocculants are considered as a viable alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals.
Структура на пациенти лекувани во Единица за интензивна коронарна нега на Одделение за интерна медицина –ЈЗУ Општа болница Куманово во период од 2009-2013 година
Authors: Анчевски Томица
Published: October 2015

ОСНОВА: Главната функција на коронарната единица е достапност на телеметрија или континуирано следење  на  срцевиот  ритам  и  крвниот  притисок  преку  електрокардиографија  и  мерење  на  крвиот притисок на интервали. Единицата за интензивна коронарна нега (ЕИКН) при Одделението за интерна медицина –Општа болница Куманово почна со работа од 1998 година.
ЦЕЛ:Да се прикаже бројот на пациентите кои биле на обсервација (до 24 часа) и хоспитализација (над 24 часа) во Единицата за интензивна коронарна нега, причините за обсервација и хоспитализација, нивниот  третман,  застапеност  според  полот,  возраста  како  иисходот  од  обсервацијата  и хоспитализација во периодот од 5 години (од 2009 до 2013 година).
МАТЕРИЈАЛ И МЕТОДИ:Во ретроспективната студијата без користени податоци од дневникот кој се води за пациентите во Единица за интензивна коронарна нега при Одделението за интерна медицина –Општа болница Куманово и истории за болеста од пациентите.
РЕЗУЛТАТИ:Вкупно беа анализирани 4677 пациенти во периодот од 2009 до 2013 година. Во тој период  обсервирани  3668 пациенти,  хоспитализирани  1009  пациенти,  упатени  на  терциерна здравствена заштита (ЈЗУ Универзитетска клиника за кардиологија и останати клиники во Скопје) 278 пациенти и летално завршиле 277 пациенти.
ЗАКЛУЧОЦИ:Во најголем процент се застапени пациенти со атријален фибрилофлатер (од 16% до 26%), коронарна артериска болест, нестабилна и стабилна ангина пекторис (од 15% до 20%), малигни вредности на крвниот притисок (од 11 % до 17%), потоа пациенти со и пулмоналниот едем (од 6% до 16%).  Според  анализиранитеподатоци  за  работата  на  еикн  можеме  да  заклучиме  дека  со отпочнувањето на работата на оваа единица значително се подобри лекувањето и излекувањето на критично  болни  пациенти  со  срцево  страдање.  Од  студијата  се  извлекува  да  секоја  година  се зголемува  бројот  на  пациенти  кои  се  обсервирани  и  хоспитализирани  во  ЕИКН,  како  и  бројот  на пациенти кои бараат третман на терциерна здравствена заштита на клиники во Скопје.
L’obstétrique aujourd’hui nouvelles demandes, nouvelles contraintes
Authors: Subtil Damien
Published: October 2015

Si, depuis quelques décennies, l’obstétrique a été d’un apport incontestable pour sauver la vie des mères, cet apport demeure aujourd’hui encore très inégalement réparti. Dans les pays développés comme la France, de nouvelles demandes émergent concernant l’accouchement, parfois contradictoires. À partir de l’exemple du pôle maternité du CHRU de Lille, l’auteur montre comment les grandes maternités d’aujourd’hui s’efforcent de concilier sécurité et humanité, dans un contexte financier contraint.
La césarienne : plaidoyer pour un accompagnement
Authors: Bianchi Isabelle
Published: October 2015

Le besoin d’accompagnement humain autour de la naissance est très fort. Concernant l’accouchement par césarienne, il est urgent de combattre les idées reçues en proposant aux couples une écoute, de l’information, un accompagnement avant, pendant et après la naissance. Dans certains cas, il s’agira aussi de redonner confiance aux mères en leur capacité à accoucher par voie basse. Association d’usagers, « Césarine » témoigne du vécu des femmes confrontées à la naissance par césarienne, qui ne trouvent pas toujours autour d’elles le soutien et l’information nécessaires.
Les ambiguïtés de langage comme support de l’appropriation du changement par le personnel : le cas du groupe hospitalier mutualiste
Authors: Urasadettan Jennifer
Published: October 2015

Le modèle dominant en gestion analyse la production langagière (projets d’entreprise, bibles) comme une ressource stratégique. Cependant, cette conception fait l’impasse sur l’ambiguïté de langage, appréhendée négativement. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer dans quelle mesure en contexte de changement organisationnel, les ambiguïtés de langage émanant de la direction, peuvent permettre son appropriation par le personnel.
Le gestionnaire de carrière ressuscité ?
Authors: Ventolini Séverine , Mercier Samuel
Published: October 2015

L’évolution des contrats psychologiques et la prise en main de leur carrière par les individus questionnent la place de la gestion des carrières au sein des organisations. Cet article propose de l’appréhender à travers l’évolution du métier de gestionnaire des carrières, dans une approche prospective. Les résultats montrent que loin d’avoir disparu, le gestionnaire des carrières doit accompagner les mutations de l’entreprise, et relever de nouveaux enjeux.
Déficience et psychothérapie
Authors: Belot Rose-Angélique , Sanahuja Maria de la Almudena
Published: October 2015

Dans la clinique du handicap, les difficultés d’élaboration psychique du sujet sont majeures. Elles se traduisent par des failles du système de représentation et l’émergence d’affects souvent intolérables pour la psyché, parfois indicibles. Confrontés à cette clinique, les thérapeutes doivent non seulement prendre en compte ces particularités mais aussi savoir s’y ajuster pour permettre au processus thérapeutique de survenir. En amont du déploiement de la pensée, de puissants mécanismes de défense gênent souvent le sujet dans ses capacités d’expression, d’élaboration psychique et de symbolisation. Aussi, un certain nombre de pré-requis sont indispensables en termes de sécurité interne et de sentiment de continuité d’existence. Ces aspects sont particulièrement mobilisés et présents dans l’instauration du cadre et l’efficacité ultérieure du processus psychothérapeutique. A travers la présentation clinique détaillée de Lara, nous étudierons quels sont les préalables indispensables à la mise en place d’une psychothérapie, comment les éléments du cadre thérapeutique et institutionnel interviennent en amont pour que puissent réussir la mobilisation de la vie psychique et le travail d’élaboration ultérieur attendu.
The Desirability and Feasibilityof Restorative Justice
Authors: McGeer Victoria , Pettit Philip
Published: October 2015

Cet article met en avant deux arguments. Le premier est une justification philosophique pour l’introduction de réformes pénales qui reposent sur l’idée de justice restaurative. On avance cet argument sur la base d’une conception néo-républicaine de la liberté. Le second argument est que, contrairement aux apparences, ces réformes sont compatibles avec ce que les recherches en psychologie tendent à montrer au sujet de nos dispositions pénales moralement évoluées. Les réformes restauratives ne sont pas, par conséquent, des propositions psychologiquement irréalisables.
Deliberative Republican Hybridity Through Restorative Justice
Authors: Braithwaite John
Published: October 2015

La théorie républicaine a été, pour la plupart, le produit du travail normatif mené en philosophie politique et des recherches conduites dans l’historiographie de la gouvernance occidentale depuis la période romaine. Cet article tente de contribuer à la tradition républicaine en puisant dans la recherche empirique en matière de justice pénale et de justice restaurative et en mettant l’accent sur des expériences de gouvernance non occidentales. Ces expériences empiriques sont notamment utilisées pour décentrer la gouvernance législative et exécutive comme les lieux par excellence de l’élaboration de la démocratie. Les domaines judiciaire et éducationnel sont encore plus importants lorsqu’il est question de fournir aux citoyens des opportunités pour apprendre à devenir des individus démocratiques. Ce processus d’apprentissage est conçu comme un art d’innover des agencements hybrides entre la démocratie délibérative et celle de contestation. Cette innovation est requise pour répondre à l’émergence de nouvelles technologies de domination qui menacent la démocratie républicaine.
Punitive Restoration: Rehabilitating Restorative Justice
Authors: Brooks Thom
Published: October 2015

La justice restaurative représente une approche de plus en plus répandue en matière pénale pour les chercheurs universitaires et pour les responsables politiques et s’avère être une alternative efficace et efficiente aux sanctions pénales plus traditionnelles. L’argument de cet article est que la justice restaurative est excessivement limitée : d’une part, par son application circonscrite à certains types d’infracteurs et certaines catégories d’infractions et, d’autre part, du fait qu’elle est perçue comme trop laxiste par l’opinion publique. On considère que ce double problème peut être résolu en incluant une gamme plus punitive de sanctions pénales que j’appelle la restauration punitive. Celle-ci est susceptible d’élargir les possibilités d’application de la justice restaurative sans réduire le niveau de confiance publique et en favorisant l’inclusion de la justice restaurative dans le système de justice pénale.
The Conundrum of Economics: Uncompromising Empiricism alongside Blind Faith in the "Magic" of the "Invisible Hand"
Authors: Manokha Ivan
Published: October 2015

L’objet de cet article est de rendre compte d’un paradoxe manifeste qui a, ces dernières années, caractérisé le champs des études économiques, en particulier celui des études macroéconomiques : d’un côté, l’accent très fort mis sur l’observation et l’expérimentation empiriques d’hypothèses portant sur les fondements de la méthode scientifique et les critères de validation du savoir ; de l’autre, l’utilisation prépondérante de la notion d’Adam Smith de « main invisible » et de la manière dont celle-ci exercerait sa « magie ». Cet article situe l’usage du concept de Smith par les économistes contemporains dans le contexte du développement historique de la pensée économique, et plus précisément celui de la transformation de l’économie politique en une économie « pure », vidée de toute référence à des questions non-économiques, et construites dans la lignée de la physique (newtonienne) classique. L’argument qui y est développé consiste à montrer que l’emploi massif du terme de « main invisible » s’explique par l’incapacité de la discipline, contrainte par sa propre définition de la scientificité, à théoriser de façon adéquate les processus structurels autrement que dans des termes méthodologiquement individualistes ou réductionnistes, déniant de ce fait tout statut ontologique légitime à des phénomènes nonobservables. Aussi la « main invisible » d’Adam Smith jouerait-elle le même rôle dans le champs de la macroéconomie que le deus ex machine du « commissaire-priseur » imaginaire de Walras dans celui de la microéconomie : il s’agit d’une tentative pour conforter l’affirmation selon laquelle les marché libres conduiront nécessairement à une distribution des ressources équilibrée et optimale, dans le sens donné par Vilfredo Pareto, ce que la discipline, familière des phénomènes sociaux et non pas naturels, est visiblement incapable de prouver scientifiquement.
The Economics of Motivated Beliefs
Authors: Bénabou Roland
Published: October 2015

Je présente les idées et résultats principaux émanant des travaux récents qui visent à incorporer les croyances motivées dans le champ de l’Économie, que ce soit au niveau individuel (excès de confiance, déni de réalité, aveuglement délibéré) ou social (pensée de groupe, moral d’équipe, exubérance et crises des marchés financiers). Pour ce faire, je développe un modèle flexible permettant d’unifier cette ligne de recherche, et confronte systématiquement ses principales hypothèses et prédictions à l’évidence empirique et expérimentale.
The Structure of Fines in the Light of Political Competition
Authors: Langlais Éric , Obidzinski Marie
Published: October 2015

Comment justifier que des infractions à la legislation sur l’environnement (protection des habitats naturels) ou aux lois antitrust (collusion) soient associées à des amendes fondées sur l’estimation des dommages, pendant que d’autres types d’infractions (défaut de permits ; cartels) sont punis per se ? Cet article analyse les déterminants des politiques publiques d’enforcement de la loi lorsque les citoyens votent pour le niveau des amendes et leur timing. Nous nous intéressons aux situations où il y désaccord entre les citoyens et les autorités publiques quand à l’évaluation du dommage social attendu qui résultent de certaines activités. Nous montrons qu’un équilibre avec enforcement fort (niveau de dissuasion élevé) émerge lorsque les citoyens anticipent un dommage social élevé. Inversement, un équilibre avec enforcement faible emerge lorsque les citoyens anticipent un dommage social peu important. De plus, les citoyens votent pour un régime de sanctions fondées sur les comportements (respectivement sur les dommages) observés lorsqu’ils anticipent un dommage social plus faible (respectivement plus élevé) que l’autorité publique.
Energy spectra of the tungsten ion 4s24pN, 4s24N–14d and 4s4pN+1 configurations
Authors: Bogdanovich Pavel , Karpuškienė Rasa , Kisielius Romualdas
Published: October 2015

The ab initio quasirelativistic Hartree–Fock approximation was used to determine spectroscopic parameters for the multicharged tungsten ions with an open 4p shell. The configuration interaction method based on the transformed radial orbitals was applied to include the electron-correlation effects. The relativistic effects were taken into account in the Breit–Pauli approximation for the quasirelativistic Hartree–Fock radial orbitals. The complete energy level spectra were calculated for the 4s24pN, 4s24pN–14d and 4s4pN+1 configurations of the tungsten ions from W43+ to W38+.
Spectrally tunable light source based on a digital micromirror device for retinal image contrast enhancement
Authors: Bartczak Piotr , Čerāne Daiga , Fält Pauli , Ylitepsa Pasi , Hietanen Elina , Penttinen Niko , Laaksonen Lauri , Lensu Lasse , Hauta-Kasari Markku , Uusitalo Hannu
Published: October 2015

Different optical methods for retinal imaging provide a significant improvement for image analysis and help with data interpretation. The use of tunable light sources, which have been optimized for contrast enhancement of various retinal features or lesions in retinal images, could simplify the eye fundus examination through enhanced image quality. In this study, we have developed and described a research prototype which consists of a spectrally tunable light source based on a digital micromirror device which is further coupled to a fundus camera. The overall aim of this construction was to generate illuminations optimized for enhanced retinal image feature visibility. The optimized illumination conditions were compared to traditional red-free imaging and the measurements were executed for an artificial eye followed by in vivo measurements of the eyes of three volunteers. In all cases, the retinal image contrast was observed to improve compared to the traditional red-free imaging. Depending on the observed retinal feature, the perceptual improvements in the contrast varied from a few percent to nearly 70 percent.
Taking a critical look at holographic critical matter
Authors: Khveshchenko Dmitri V.
Published: October 2015

Despite a recent urry of applications of the broadly defined (‘non-AdS/non-CFT’) holographic correspondence to a variety of condensed matter problems, the status of this intriguing, yet highly speculative, approach remains largely undetermined. Here we expose a number of potential inconsistencies between the previously made holographic predictions and advocate for a compelling need to systematically contrast the latter against the results of alternate, more conventional, approaches as well as experimental data. It is also proposed to expand the list of computed observables and utilize the general relations between them as a further means of bringing the formal holographic approach into a closer contact with the physical realm.
Las poblaciones Nor-pirenaicas de Megabunus diadema (Fabricius, 1779) (Aracnidos: Opiliones) se caracterizan por una proporción de machos altamente sesgada
Authors: D’Amico F. , Danflous S.
Published: October 2015

Megabunus diadema (Fabricius 1779) es una especie de opilión Atlántica y Europea, caracterizada por una distribución discontinua desde Escandinavia a la Península Ibérica. La singularidad biológica de la especie se encuentra en el modo de reproducción, la partenogénesis facultativa, hasta ahora considerada como asexual. De hecho, hasta el momento se han observado muy pocos individuos masculinos en el campo.
Los resultados de este estudio muestran, sobre una amplia muestra (741 individuos sexuados), que la proporción de sexo masculino es muy superior a lo conocido hasta ahora (65%). Localmente este porcentaje puede variar entre 0 y 100% (mediana del 75,5% para los machos). Los resultados muestran que la proporción de sexos depende de la altitud y del ciclo fenológico: la proporción de machos disminuye con la altitud y aumenta gradualmente durante la primavera hasta llegar a una meseta en verano. Para describir las poblaciones dominadas localmente por individuos masculinos y proporcionar nueva información sobre los patrones espaciales y temporales de la proporción de sexos en poblaciones adultas, cuestionamos el modo de reproducción actualmente admitido de la especie que podría ser normalmente sexual, al menos localmente, en lugar de asexual.
Se proporciona, por primera vez, un mapa de distribución de la especie en la vertiente norte de los Pirineos. Nuestro estudio también complementa el estudio publicado recientemente por Merino-Sáinz et al. (2013) sobre su distribución en la vertiente sur de los Pirineos y en el resto de la Península Ibérica.