bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images de marque? Les illustrations du Cabinet des fées aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles
Authors: Hensher Jonathan
Published: December 2015

Cet essai considère une série d’éditions parues entre 1823 et 1864 qui reprennent le titre du célèbre recueil illustré de contes de fées, Le Cabinet des fées (1785‐89). En examinant le caractère matériel de ces éditions peu connues, et surtout celui de leurs illustrations, on peut retracer le développement du marché de livres pour enfants en cette période et élargir notre vision de l’illustration des contes au‐delà des éditions plus célèbres qui ont jusque‐là accaparé l’attention des chercheurs. Les changements stylistiques et thématiques (dans la vision du « passé » féerique, la tendance orientaliste, la représentation du fantastique) entraînés par des développements culturels ainsi que techniques, différencient l’illustration de ces éditions de la production antérieure. Pourtant, on constate aussi une forte tendance « nostalgique » dans nombre de ces illustrations, qui reprennent les modes visuels du XVIIe siècle et avant, même si elles ne montrent que très rarement l’influence des célèbres illustrations de Marillier pour l’édition de 1785.
‘Where is the Prince?’ Unlocking Doré’s Illustration of Perrault’s Cinderella
Authors: Sitzia Emilie
Published: December 2015

This article proposes to consider illustrations as “intersemiotic translation” from words into images. Using this methodology, illustrations give particular insights into the reception and interpretation of Perrault’s fairy tales in a specific cultural, social and political environment. The question then becomes what do Doré’s illustrations say about the reception of Perrault’s fairy tales in 19th‐century France?
Between Attraction and Narration: Early Film Adaptations of Fairy Tales
Authors: Verstraten Peter
Published: December 2015

Adaptations of fairy tales were particularly popular in the years of early cinema. In the period preceding the year 1903 films consisted of a series of animated tableaux since filmmakers had difficulties in telling a coherent story. Allusions to a well‐known tale could then function as a guide for the spectator. At the same time, filmmakers were fond of experimenting with cinematic tricks, such as stop‐motion techniques and superimpositions. The fairy tale offers a legitimate backdrop for these tricks and these film adaptations even display an excess of the marvelous at the cost of the actual story itself.
Sarah Moon, conte et photographie : réactiver le conte merveilleux par la vidéo créative
Authors: Ziolko Caroline
Published: December 2015

Quatre contes, d’après Hans Christian Andersen et Charles Perrault, écrits et illustrés par Sarah Moon, révèlent comment le photographique – photo et vidéo – et l’interrelation texte‐image construisent un imaginaire fictionnel actualisé. Ces contes soulignent l’intérêt et les possibilités qu’offre une démarche plasticienne d’auteur pour transposer et réactiver les trames narratives de contes merveilleux plus que centenaires à partir de problématiques contemporaines.
AFRICAN WOMEN WRITERS : CONFIGURING CHANGE AT THE INTERFACE OF POLITICS AND FICTION
Authors: Griffiths Claire H.
Published: December 2015

This article explores the space between politics and literature occupied by feminist writers in Francophone Africa. In the social realist novel, these writers have established an arena in which to engage in the politics of gender, modernity and change in Francophone sub‐Saharan Africa and articulate a culturally‐located discourse of development. The reception of this literary genre in its locality helps reposition the discourse of gender and development within the region, offering a culturally‐embedded voice in the gender and development debate that has been marginalised in the framing of the international development agenda for Africa over the past half century.
MULTICULTURALISME DENSE OU VIOLENCE MASSIVE: QUATRE SCÉNARIOS POSSIBLES
Authors: Benessaieh Afef
Published: December 2015

Devant leur pluralisation ethnoculturelle augmentant chaque jour davantage, les États peuvent recourir à quatre principaux modes d’action: l’asssimilation qui est une forme d’exclusion dans ses formes les plus violentes (monoculturalisme); la différenciation altérisante (interculturalisme); l’institutionalisation de type pluraliste (multiculturalisme); et l’intégration à caractère relationnaliste

(transculturalisme). À partir du cas canadien, ce texte propose principalement de mieux définir ces grandes approches à la gestion contemporaine du pluralisme ethnique, suggérant notamment d’entrevoir le transculturalisme comme une forme de « multiculturalisme dense » donnant une

direction normative à ce qui autrement peut demeurer un cadre surtout légaliste qu’il s’agirait donc de mieux approfondir.
Des hommes de Laurent Mauvignier : un roman de filiation ?
Authors: Van Montfrans Manet
Published: December 2015

Des hommes de Laurent Mauvignier est centré sur deux cousins, qui après avoir fait leur service militaire en Algérie, entre 1960 et 1962, sont rentrés dans leur village, marqués à vie par leurs expériences de la guerre. Un incident amène l’un d’eux, narrateur dans la majeure partie du récit, à reconstruire la vie de l’autre, sombré dans la déchéance, et à se remémorer peu à peu leur passé commun. On pourrait considérer ce texte comme « un roman de filiation » même s´il résiste, par le dispositif narratif mis en place par Mauvignier, à cette catégorie générique.
Laurent Mauvignier, des hommes : qu’est-ce qu’un bon page turner ?
Authors: Chaudier Stéphane
Published: December 2015

À quelles conditions peut-on écrire un « vrai bon roman » sur la guerre d'Algérie, en évitant les pièges de la moraline, du jugement a posteriori ou de l'étouffante documentation ? Dans Des hommes, Mauvignier choisit de ressaisir « les événements » au niveau des hommes simples qu'ils ont brûlés vif. Il met en scène des consciences sans phrases, des corps et des sensibilités déchirées.
Far From the Whirlwind: Christian Ethics and the Classical Tradition in Genlis’ Pedagogy
Authors: Parfitt Alexandra
Published: December 2015

Les tensions entre les idéaux gréco-romains et les normes catholiques étaient un enjeu clé de l’enseignement des aristocrates au dix-septième et au dix-huitième siècles. En grande partie absente de la pédagogie féminine, cette problématique est reprise par Genlis à cause de la présence des textes grecs et latins dans la pédagogie d’Adèle et Théodore. Genlis résout ce paradoxe en manipulant l’environnement physique de l’élève. Or l’incorporation de certains aspects de la culture monastique permet à l’élève de démontrer une discipline individuelle distinctive, une discipline qui justifie le rang aristocrate de l’élève. Cette exploration de l’espace pédagogique de Genlis recadre sa pédagogie dans son contexte culturel, intellectuel et théologique.
The political thought of Madame de Genlis: Rousseau’s Royalist Legacy
Authors: Armenteros Carolina
Published: December 2015

Little is known about the political thought of Félicité de Genlis (1746-1830) beyond the fact that she became a royalist after the French Revolution. A wealth of clues to her politics, how-ever, is contained in the story of the Arcadia of Lagaraye in Adèle et Théodore, ou lettres sur l’éducation (1782). The figure of Lagaraye’s Legislator, in particular, shows that Genlis’ politi-cal thought is principally concerned with the emotional administration of political societies, and that it is so in ways that are both reminiscent and highly critical of the political preoccu-pations of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78). This essay examines the contrasts and corre-spondences between Lagaraye and the Arcadia of Clarens in Rousseau’s Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse (1762). It argues that although Genlis was a severe opponent of Rousseau’s ideas, she was also a covert adherent of his political philosophy who used it as a springboard to devel-op her own, unique form of monarchism.
FRAGMENT ROMANESQUE D’UNE HISTOIRE DE LA CRITIQUE : le Swann de Paul de Man
Authors: Perrier Guillaume
Published: December 2015

Le commentaire de Paul de Man consacré à un extrait de Du côté de chez Swann est marqué par le vocabulaire technique et les préoccupations textualistes du structuralisme et de la déconstruction. Les catégories rhétoriques y sont privilégiées de manière presque exclusive, au détriment des catégories existentielles que le critique employait auparavant.  Le présent article, au terme d’un travail de contextualisation du texte critique, met en évidence ses enjeux existentiels sous-jacents, en lien avec ceux du texte de Proust.
À LA RECHERCHE DE L'ORIGINE : l'Écriture du souvenir dans Le salon du Wurtemberg de Pascal Quignard et le projet proustien
Authors: Froehlicher Clément
Published: December 2015

Si la Recherche est convoquée sur le mode de la citation implicite et du pastiche dans le roman de Pascal Quignard Le salon du Wurtemberg, celui-ci ne s'inscrit pas dans la lignée du projet proustien, voire s'y oppose : la recherche du narrateur se présente comme une quête impossible de l'origine et non comme un déploiement du passé; à l'écriture de la vocation s'oppose l'écriture comme « symptôme ». Cette intertextualité paradoxale, que nous pouvons lire comme une possibilité particulière – hors de l'exercice d'admiration – de se référer à Proust dans la contemporanéité, nous permet d'éclairer, en retour, la poétique de Quignard.
Royalist medievalisms in the age of revolution : From Robert de Lézardière to Chateaubriand, 1792-1831
Authors: Armenteros Carolina
Published: December 2015

This essay examines the histories of the French monarchy composed by French royalists of the period 1787-1831 with a threefold aim: to develop a model of how French royalist medievalisms evolved from Revolution to Restoration; to investigate whether the French Revolution altered perceptions of the Middle Ages; and to elaborate a theory of the relationship between medievalism and politics. The exercise is especially revelatory when studying periods of severe press censorship like the one that occupies us, and political groups inimical – like our monarchists – to the theoretical expression of political ideals.
Medievalism in a minority language : Frédéric Mistral’s Wish-Fulfillment Provençal Past
Authors: Calin William
Published: December 2015

Frédéric Mistral is the only figure in the Felibrige to have devoted a significant portion of his oeuvre to the Middle Ages. This essay offers a new reading of his two works situated in the Middle Ages – the romance Nerto (1884), and the drama La Rèino Jano (Queen Joanna) (1890). It argues that as a belated Romantic, Mistral repudiates the evils of modernity. His medievalism reflects and gives voice to his own political vision whereby the contemporary situation is displaced into a wish-fulfillment fourteenth century, in which France is conspicuous by its absence.
Formal poetry in France in the middle ages [1946] Translated by Jeff Rider
Authors: Guiette Robert
Published: December 2015

This is the first ever English-language translation of a lecture delivered by the Belgian medievalist Robert Guiette, then working at the University of Ghent, at the beginning of 1946. Entitled “D’une poésie formelle en France au Moyen Age”, this was one of Guiette’s most influential pieces, and presented his ideas – that announced Zumthor’s some decades later – about a medieval poetry based on a formal esthetic.
Medievalism and medieval theatre : About Adam
Authors: Dominguez Véronique
Published: December 2015

Exploring the relation between medieval studies and medievalism, this article focuses on theatre in Europe and France. What are the relations between a scholarly knowledge of medieval theatre and the various reconstructions of medieval theatre to be found on the twentieth-century stage? To answer this question, this article studies different types of productions, from Gustave Cohen’s Jeu d’Adam et Eve staged at the Sorbonne in 1935 to the York Mysteries adapted in England in the 1950s and 1980s, as well as some modern texts that adapt or integrate medieval theatre, from Brecht to Novarina. It concludes by proposing a renewed approach to medieval theatre, especially from an editorial point of view.
Crossdressing medieval troubadours, Castile to Brazil : Cristóbal de Castillejo (d. 1550) and Augusto de Campos (b. 1931)
Authors: Rosenstein Roy
Published: December 2015

Starting out from a reading of Cristóbal de Castillejo's sixteenth-century sonnet referencing the medieval Occitan troubadours, "Garcilaso y Boscán, siendo llegados", this article reflects on cultural and temporal translations of medieval troubadour lyric. In the second part, it examines in more detail Augusto de Campos's modern Brazilian translations or "transcreations" of Arnaut Daniel's works – the only complete poetic translation in any language of his works.
Apollinaire et le détournement de l’arsenal militaire : la vitesse comme vecteur amoureux
Authors: Cuillé Lionel
Published: December 2015

Apollinaire’s metaphorical appropriation of the military arsenal can be understood in light of F.T. Marinetti’s speculations on speed, an aesthetic notion integral to Italian Futurism. Apollinaire’s regiment employed the gun of ’75, considered to be a technological phenomenon whose velocity would permit a rapid victory over Germany.  This vector of speed became the vehicle of a new poetics.  Certain Calligrammes can be read as devices that the poet-gunner reconfigures in order to subvert the opposition between the ideal feminine and lust, two temptations that Marinetti proposes to exorcise through the magic of speed.Dr. Cuillé would like to thank Webster University for the Faculty Research Grant he received in 2014.
Touched by surrealism : Reflections on a New Sensory Approach to Literature
Authors: Devos Piet
Published: December 2015

In this paper, I discuss a new sensory approach to literature. Literature might be studied in order to trace the perceptual effects of cultural, political and technological transformations. First, I develop a historicizing method, which maps the sensory practices and discourses of a certain period and analyzes their appropriation in contemporary literature. Next, I demonstrate the fruitfulness of this approach by taking Surrealism as a case study, focusing on the role of touch or "haptics" in the works of Benjamin Péret. The concluding remarks will serve to hint at the new routes of research which this sensory approach discloses.
Le canular littéraire, ou hoax : Déconstruire pour mieux reconstruire de nouveaux paradigmes interprétatifs ?
Authors: Sitbon Clara
Published: December 2015

Readers and critics, especially in France, have always frowned upon the literary hoax, notably because of its lack of seriousness and its playful aspect. When literary hoaxes are examined, it is always indirectly, through their creator. Yet, if we try to analyze it autonomously, it appears possible to draw new interpretive possibilities. The literary hoax, through its intrinsically deconstructive nature, could indeed appear as new interpretive tool inasmuch as it reveals the complex layers that shape the function of the author.
Portfolio
Authors: Mongin Nathalie
Published: December 2015

Sélection de photos et de documents provenant des archives Dekobra, sélection faite par Madame Nathalie Mongin
A cream pie with rat poison. La Madone in the Netherlands
Authors: Van Boven Erica , Sanders Mathijs
Published: December 2015

Shortly after the publication of La Madone des sleepings in 1925, Maurice Dekobra became a household name among Dutch readers and critics. By mapping the critical reception of Dekobra’s novel in the Netherlands, this article explores the attitudes of Dutch journalists and critics towards popular French literature during the interwar period. Which conceptions of literature and culture were involved and which institutional interests were at stake? What does the reception of Dekobra reveal about the conditions of the Dutch literary field?
Molecular characterisation of CGMS, maintainer and inbred lines and diversity analysis in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Petchiammal K. Indira , Muthiah A. R. , Jayamani P.
Published: December 2015

The present study was initiated with forty microsatellite markers for studying the molecular genetic diversity in 28 pigeonpea genotypes (6 CGMS lines of A1, A2 and A4 sources, their maintainer lines and 16 inbred lines) utilised as the parental material for the synthesis of F1 hybrids. The level of polymorphism was too low and only 45 per cent markers were polymorphic. A total of 65 alleles were produced and the number of alleles produced ranged from two to six. The mean PIC value of 40 SSR primers was 0.147 and the primer CcM2977 produced the highest PIC value of 0.787 followed by CcM1770 (0.565). The primers viz., CcM0039 and CcM2463 were polymorphic between CGMS and inbred lines and the primer CcM2977 was polymorphic among the different sources of CGMS lines. The UPGMA clustering and Neighbour-joining analyses grouped all the CGMS lines and respective maintainer lines in a single cluster and the inbred lines as two separate clusters. Among the inbred lines ICPL 11966, ICPL11947 and ICPL11950 were distinctly grouped in one cluster and other 13 inbred lines were clustered separately. Polymorphic markers viz.,CcM2977 and CcM1770 were used to confirm the hybrids of the crosses viz., ICPA 2043 x LRG 41 and ICPA 2043 x IC 33725. The present study revealed that SSR markers are highly informative for exploiting the molecular diversity prevailing among the parental lines and could be utilized for further pigeonpea improvement at genomic level.
Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for late season drought tolerance
Authors: Pavithradevi S. , Manivannan N. , Varman P. Vindhiya , Ganesamurthy K.
Published: December 2015

Fifty genotypes of groundnut including released varieties and advanced breeding lines were used to assess th drought tolerance. These genotypes were evaluated both in managed drought stress (DS) and non stress (NS) situations during post rainy season (Jan- April), 2011 at Oilseeds Farm, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The drought stress was imposed by withholding irrigation after 60 days after sowing for t drought stress trial. Observations were recorded for pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant on random chosen five plants per entry per replication. The data were subjected to ANOVA and drought tolerance parameter viz., drought susceptibility index (DSI) for pod yield per plant and kernel yield per plant. The results indicated that genotypes differed significantly for pod and kernel yield per plant. Among the genotypes, 7 and 6 genotypes were observed as highly drought tolerant based on pod and kernel yield per plant respectively. A total of 6 and 9 genotypes recorded as highly susceptible to drought for pod and kernel yield per plant respectively. Among these genotypes, each three drought tolerant (ICGV 91114, K1375 and ICGV 02125) and drought susceptible (ICGV 01279, ICGV 98170 and ICGV 98175) genotypes were selected for hybridization programme to develop mapping populations.
Effects of location and planting time on physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of soybean seed
Authors: Goyal Reeti , Sharma Sucheta , Gill B. S.
Published: December 2015

In the present study, twenty soybean genotypes were grown at two different growing locations viz. Ludhiana and Gurdaspur in Punjab, India and planting times viz. June and July in the year 2010 with the objective to study the effect of growing environments on physical and biochemical characteristics of soybean genotypes. All the genotypes exhibited higher protein, total sugars and sucrose content while significantly lower mean seed weight, volume, swelling and hydration capacities in July planting than in June planting both at Ludhiana and Gurdaspur. Genotypic (G), Locational (L), Planting time (T), GxL and GxT variations were highly significant for these characteristics. The results reported here show that physical and nutritional characteristics of soybean seeds can be altered by different environmental conditions and this information can be useful to select soybean genotypes for large scale cultivation in Punjab state of northwestern India.
The optimum foliar zinc source and level for improving Zn content in seed of chickpea
Authors: Kayan Nihal , Gulmezoglu Nurdilek , Kaya Mehmet Demir
Published: December 2015

The comparative effect of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% Zn levels of zinc chelate (Zn-EDTA; 8% Zn) and zinc sulfate (23% Zn) applied as foliar sprays for assuaging zinc deficiency of chickpea cv. Gökçe was evaluated under field condition. The sprays were applied on the plants before blooming stage during 2012 and 2013 growing seasons and seed yield, yield components like plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, hundred seed weight, harvest index and mineral concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and iron) in seeds were investigated. Plant height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, hundred seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were investigated. The results showed that increased zinc doses caused an increase in Zn content of seed, while seed yield was not affected similarly. In general, plant height, pod number and seed number per plant increased by the application of zinc. Lower dose of Zn-EDTA and higher dose of ZnSO4 gave higher yield components. Seed weight, harvest index and seed yield were not significantly influenced by Zn sources and doses; however, mineral concentration of seeds enhanced when Zn doses were increased. It was concluded that foliar application of zinc resulted in an increase in seed mineral contents rather than seed yield of chickpea. The dose of 0.6% with Zn-EDTA was the optimum combination for Zn enrichment in seed of chickpea.
Screening of deshi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germplasm resistant to Botrytis Gray Mold in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid M. H. , Shahadat M. K. , Hasnat M. R. , Kashem M. A. , Rafii M. Y. , Latif M. A.
Published: December 2015

An experiment was carried out at the Pulse Research Sub-Station (PRSS), Madaripur, Bangladesh during three consecutive years of 2008-2009, 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 to screen out the suitable high yielding chickpea varieties that are resistant to Botrytis Gray Mold (BGM) under artificial inoculated condition. Twenty four deshi chickpea lines/varieties collected from ICARDA, Syria along with one check variety BARIchhola-5 were used under this experiment. Plant debris and suspension of Botrytis cinerea inocula were applied at the flowering stage. The BGM disease severity of 25 chickpea genotypes showed wide range of disease reaction at flowering stage, pod formation stage and maturity stage. Finally three germplasms showed highly resistant (HR) reaction and 22 lines showed resistant (R) reaction to Botrytis cinerea.
Women In Action: Challenges Facing Women Entrepreneurs In The Gauteng Province Of South Africa
Authors: Chinomona Elizabeth , Maziriri Eugine Tafadzwa
Published: December 2015

In today’s post-modern era, the role of women entrepreneurs in economic development is inevitable and women are willing to take action in business and contribute to the nation’s growth. Women are stepping up to own and run businesses in numbers that would have been hard to imagine a mere few decades ago. However, women entrepreneurs face a wide variety of challenges both in starting and in growing their business ventures. The objective of this paper is to investigate the challenges women entrepreneurs face in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Exploring the challenges that women entrepreneurs face in South Africa, is of paramount interest to potential women entrepreneurs, researchers, the government of South Africa and other stakeholders. The paper used a qualitative research design using in-depth interviews and focus groups. The findings were that the challenges were identified as impediments to women entrepreneurs, which comprises lack of education and training, lack of access to finance, gender discrimination, negative attitudes and inadequate resources. Recommendations were made to women entrepreneurs, to the government of South Africa and other stakeholders. Lastly, limitations of this paper as well as future research directions were enunciated clearly.
Strategic Technology Management As A Causality To South African Company Performance
Authors: Pelser Theuns G.
Published: December 2015

Cutting edge technology management goes beyond basic research and development (R&D). Increasingly, corporate strategists are making a more precise distinction between “technology” and “technology management.” The main purpose of this study was to develop an empirically derived classification system (taxonomy) for sustaining industry leadership, through the relationships that exist between technology and innovation strategy, technology management and company performance. A non-probability, judgment sample of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) were taken. Seminal research studies were used to identify a set of technology strategy, technology management and innovation strategy dimensions. Four distinct technology factors obtained with the analysis, were proved to positively influence the company performance dimensions and were classified as Control Market Planning, Product Development Intensity, R&D Commitment and Technology Focus factors. As a result a conceptual model has been developed to demonstrate the integrated properties of this new proposed taxonomy of technology and innovation. The results show that strategic technology management choices can significantly affect company performance.
A MOOC on Approaches to Machine Translation
Authors: Ruiz Costa-jussà Marta , Formiga Lluis , Torrillas Oriol , Petit Jordi , Rodríguez Fonollosa José Adrián
Published: December 2015

This paper describes the design, development and analysis of a MOOC entitled “Approaches to Machine Translation: rule-based, statistical and hybrid” providing lessons learnt on conclusions to be take into account in the future. The course was developed within a Canvas platform, used by recognized European universities. The course contains video-lectures, quizzes and laboratory assignments. Evaluation is done across on-line quizzes, programming assignments (PAs) evaluated by means of a specific code evaluation and peer-to-peer strategies. This MOOC allows to introduce people from various areas to the Machine Translation theory and practice. It also allows to internationally publisize different tools developed at the Universitat Polit`ecnica de Catalunya.
Opportunities and Threats of the MOOC Movement for Higher Education: The European Perspective
Authors: Schuwer Robert , Gil Jaurena Ines , Aydin Cengiz Hakan , Costello Eamon , Dalsgaard Christian , Brown Mark , Jansen Darco , Teixeira Antonio
Published: December 2015

The Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) movement is the latest ‘big thing’ in Open and Distance Learning (ODL) which threatens to transform Higher Education. Both opportunities and threats are extensively discussed in literature, comprising issues on opening up education for the whole world, pedagogy and online versus campus education. Most of the literature focus on the origin of the MOOC movement in the US. The specific context of Europe with on the one hand autonomous countries and educational systems and on the other hand cross-border cooperation and regulations through the European Union differs from the US context. This specific context can influence the way in which the MOOC movement affect education in Europe, both reusing MOOCs from other continents (US) as publishing MOOCs, on a European platform or outside of Europe. In the context of the EU funded HOME project, a research was conducted to identify opportunities and threats of the MOOC movement on the European institutions of higher education. Three sources of data were gathered and analysed. Opportunities and threats were categorized in two levels. The macro level comprises issues related to the higher education system, European context, historical period and institutional level. The micro level covers aspects related to faculty, professors and courses, thus to the operational level. The main opportunities mentioned were the ECTS system as being a sound base for formal recognition of accomplishments in MOOCs, the tendency to cooperate between institutions, stimulated by EU funded programs and the many innovative pedagogical models used in MOOCs published in Europe. The main threats mentioned were a lacking implementation of the ECTS system, hindering bridging non/formal and formal education and too much regulation, hindering experimenting and innovation.
Theories and Applications of Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) : The Case for Hybrid Design
Authors: Anders Abram
Published: December 2015

Initial research on learning in massive open online courses (MOOCs) primarily focused participation patterns and participant experiences. More recently, research has addressed learning theories and offered case studies of different pedagogical designs for MOOCs. Based on a meta-analysis and synthesis of the research literature, this study develops a conceptual model of prominent theories and applications of MOOCs. It proposes a continuum of MOOC learning design that consolidates previous theories into a tripartite scheme corresponding to primary types of MOOCs including content-based, community/tasked-based, and network-based applications. A series of MOOC hybrids are analyzed to demonstrate the value of this model while also clarifying appropriate applications and significant design challenges for MOOCs.
Effect of feed pattern of landfill leachate on water reduction in constructed wetland in Southeast Asia
Authors: Ogata Yuka , Ishigaki Tomonori , Ebie Yoshitaka , Sutthasil Noppharit , Chiemchaisri Chart , Yamada Masato
Published: December 2015

To improve landfill management in Southeast Asia, reduction of landfill leachate volume with low cost and easy operation is required. The present study attempted to utilize constructed wetland (CW) for reduction of landfill leachate by evapotranspiration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of operation and season on evapotranspiration of CW applied to landfill leachate treatment in tropical regions. The pilot-scale CW planted with cattail was constructed in Sainoi landfill site, Thailand. CW could siginificantly reduce the leachate volume by the evapotranspiration in daytime than nighttime. Frequent inflow of horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) during daytime resulted in active evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration of CW in HSSF with high frequency of inflow showed the similar that in free water surface (FWS). Throughout the year including both rainy and dry seasons, evapotranspiration of CW were significantly higher than the evaporation volume which is regarded as water reduction by existing landfill leachate treatment, i.e. stabilization pond. CW should be served as the techonology for appropriate management of landfill leachate in Southeast Asia.
Climate change adaptation; innovative tools and strategies in Delta City Rotterdam
Authors: Dircke P. , Molenaar A.
Published: December 2015

In 2025 the majority of the world population will live in flood prone delta cities. Delta City Rotterdam, with one of the biggest ports in the world, is dealing with the consequences of climate change in a very pro-active and smart way, turning challenges into opportunities. The RCP Rotterdam Climate Proof program aims at making the city completely climate resilient by 2025, by building multifunctional flood protection and innovative water storage for urban drain water. But also by kicking-off a Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy RAS, by using new smart technologies like Apps and serious gaming, and by redeveloping and revitalizing its old city ports areas with attractive waterfronts. At these waterfronts, where education of future generations is combined with innovative and sustainable development of businesses, best practices are showcased to make the city more attractive, to add economic value and to create resilient communities. This knowledge and experience is shared with other delta and coastal cities in the world, in the ‘Connecting Delta Cities’ global network, and with the Rockefeller Foundation 100 Resilient Cities initiative. This article explains that dealing with climate change in a pro-active and smart way creates opportunities for attractive, resilient and economically strong delta cities of the future.
Onsite management of tanker ships' rinse water by means of a compact bioreactor
Authors: Capodaglio A. G. , Callegari A.
Published: December 2015

An innovative aerobic bioreactor, the Biomass Concentrator Reactor (BCR), initially developed for resilient pollutants (e.g. MTBE) removal from groundwaters was tested to remove organic contaminants from tanker ships' rinse waters collected at the dedicated treatment facility in an Italian Port. The size and reduced operational requirements of this process unit would make it an ideal means of disposing such contaminated matrix directly onboard a vessel. The results obtained in this study are encouraging both for the quality of the obtained effluents and for the limited operational costs and complexity.
Real-time applications in accurate monitoring of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: possibilities and benefits to the management and the public
Authors: Loisa O. , Kääriä J. , Saario J. , Niemi J. , Laaksonlaita J. , Sarvala J.
Published: December 2015

Due to the eutrophication of water bodies, large and intense phytoplankton blooms, most commonly associated to cyanobacteria, have been increasingly reported. Cyanobacteria blooms can cause negative socioeconomic effects or even pose a serious risk to human and animal health. To minimize possible harmful effects, the authorities need to monitor and report the bloom situations to the public. The standard laboratory methods for quantifying phytoplankton biomass are accurate, but have flaws in practical management use: specialized expertise is required, and they are time-consuming. We have tested practical solutions to monitor cyanobacteria nearly real-time by using probes measuring phycocyanin fluorescence, which can be used as a proxy for cyanobacteria biomass. In the basic application, a fluorescence probe is mounted in a datalogger monitoring station in the field and the results calibrated to cyanobacteria concentration are transferred via GSM to a web page available to the authorities and the public. To indicate the risk levels of cyanobacteria concentration to the public we have used a 3-scale ‘traffic light’ system. The automated monitoring station applications used in our studies, with nearly real-time web results, are an applicable and relatively low-cost method to monitor sensitive sites like water intakes, aquaculture and recreational areas.
Understanding how people innovate for emergency sanitation: A case study of a local NGO
Authors: Thye Y. P. , Effendi A. J. , Soewondo P. , Brdjanovic D. , Setiadi T.
Published: December 2015

Emergency sanitation technologies make up some of the most significant gaps in the water, sanitation and hygiene sector. Major initiatives to address identified gaps may be characterised as donor-funded, top-down processes driven by international or European-based non-governmental organisations. However, local organisations also innovate. To better understand how local organisations innovate for emergency sanitation, the paper presents a case study of an Indonesian NGO who had developed a toilet for use in emergencies. The NGO developed the toilet by modifying an existing non-emergency toilet. The process was unstructured and informal. When testing ideas, for instance, the NGO used their own methods rather than referring to testing protocols recognised by the industry. The NGO surveyed end users, but the respondents did not come from post-disaster settings. Compared to designs developed through international initiatives, the NGO's design deviated somewhat from internationally recognised standards, for instance, the size of the latrine slab. The paper also discusses differences between the way local and international organisations develop emergency sanitation products. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages in terms of methodology and access to resources and expertise. Therefore, there are potential benefits to the different organisations working more closely.
Qualitative evaluation of small scale municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) in South India
Authors: Suneethi S. , Keerthiga G. , Soundhar R. , Kanmani M. , Boobalan T. , Krithika D. , Philip Ligy
Published: December 2015

Decentralized wastewater treatment system (DEWATS) are widely used for the treatment of wastewater originating from residences, institutes and municipalities, specifically in South India. Most of these STPs are denounced owing to failures on several fronts including design, operation and maintenance, installation and monitoring. A comprehensive review and evaluation of STPs was timely, in order to derive sound conclusions and recommendations for future wastewater management strategies. The objective of the present study was to conduct an independent evaluation of already existing decentralized STPs in South India. The technologies assessed were Aerated lagoon (AL), Extended aeration (EA), Anaerobic filter/Vortex put forward by Centre for Scientific Research (CSR VORTEX), Constructed Wetland (DEWATS others), Membrane bioreactor (MBR) and Moving bed Biofilm reactor (MBBR). Among the various technologies evaluated, MBR exhibited the highest total COD, BOD and solids removal efficiency. Pathogen count was lowest in MBR, followed by MBBR and AL. Nutrient removal in terms of ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was highest in DEWATS. Effective hours of continuous operation enabled improved plant performance. In case of natural treatment technology such as DEWATS, energy requirement is quite low, whereas conventional treatment technologies such as EA necessitate considerably high demand of energy, requiring few personnel to operate the system. Innovative high cell density systems such as MBBR and MBR entail significant power consumption and elaborate maintenance, requiring large number of skilled professionals. The major reasons for failure of STPs were related to mechanical, electrical and labour problems. Regular monitoring and maintenance is required with due diligence in all the treatment technologies for proper functioning.
Consultative multi-criteria decision making process for drought security
Authors: Mukheibir Pierre , Cole Cathy , Drinkwater Kate , Abeysuriya Kumi
Published: December 2015

Water businesses have always sought to plan for drought-resilient urban water supply systems, especially in areas with extreme climate variability. The recently completed Lower Hunter Water Plan was developed to support population and business growth, and ensure reliable water supplies in drought. As well as introducing Water Wise Rules to encourage water conservation in normal conditions, the plan identified a portfolio (or combination) of drought response measures to be deployed progressively in a drought as water storage levels drop. The keys to the success of the Plan were thorough consultation with stakeholders, and collaborative analysis facilitating transparent evaluation of trade-offs among options and portfolios. A multi-criteria decision analysis process guided the assessment of the drought response options against both quantitative and qualitative criteria, and the assembly and analysis of portfolios. The process integrated the assessment of social and environmental criteria with cost effectiveness analysis, along with analysis of contextual uncertainties and risks, to determine the resilience of the options under different scenarios. The outcome was a portfolio of drought response options that best met the weighted criteria and satisfied their objectives.
Experiences with hybrid constructed wetland and pond system for polytypic wastewater treatment
Authors: Zhang Ying , Du Jianqiang , Xing Beiyan , Geller Gunther , Rustige Heribert
Published: December 2015

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are some of the most popular extensive treatment technologies, which have been applied in many regions throughout the world. Subsurface horizontal flow wetlands (HFs) and vertical flow wetlands (VFs) are often used in wastewater treatment alone with low efficiency, but hybrid constructed wetlands (HCWs) can improve efficiency. This paper introduces the technological structure of an HCW in the case of tertiary treatment of industrial wastewater in Changshu Advanced Materials Industrial Park (CAMIP) and decentralized wastewater treatment projects on Lotus Island in eastern China.
Complete solids retention activated sludge process
Authors: Amanatidou E. , Samiotis G. , Trikoilidou E. , Pekridis G. , Tsikritzis L.
Published: December 2015

In a slaughterhouse's full-scale extended aeration activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), operating under complete solids retention time, the evolution of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration, food to micro-organisms ratio (F/M) and substrate utilization rate (SUR) were studied for over a year. Biomass growth phases in correlation to sludge biological and morphological characteristics were studied. Three distinguished growth phases were observed during the 425 days of monitoring. The imposed operational conditions led the process to extended biomass starvation conditions, minimum F/M, minimum SUR and predator species growth. MLSS and MLVSS reached a stabilization phase (plateau phase) where almost zero sludge accumulation was observed. The concept of degradation of the considered non-biodegradable particulate compounds in influent and in biomass (cell debris) was also studied. Comparison of evolution of observed sludge yields (Yobs) in the WWTP with Yobs predictions by activated sludge models verified the degradation concept for the considered non-biodegradable compounds. Control of the sedimentation process was achieved, by predicting the solids loading rate critical point using state point analysis and stirred/unstirred settling velocity tests and by applying a high return activated sludge rate. The nitrogen gas related sedimentation problems were taken into consideration.
Stand-Alone Sale of a Free Gift: Is it Effective to Accentuate Promotion Value?
Authors: Kim Hee Jin , Koo Jieun
Published: December 2015

Offering a free gift when a purchase is made is one of the most pervasive marketing practices. We investigated whether making the product offered as a free gift also available for sale by itself (i.e., a stand-alone sale of the gift product) accentuated the customer's perception of
the value of the promotion. Previous research on value anchoring and adjustment predicted that a stand-alone sale of a gift would increase the promotion value, whereas the opposite was predicted in the scarcity perception literature. We conducted 3 empirical studies with 330 undergraduate
students in Korea, and the results supported the scarcity hypothesis: The availability of a stand-alone sale decreased the perceived scarcity of a free gift which, in turn, reduced the value of the promotional offer and discouraged our participants from joining the promotion program. Our findings
suggest that the effectiveness of a free gift promotion is enhanced when the gift is not available as a stand-alone product.
Factors Influencing Cart Abandonment in the Online Shopping Process
Authors: Xu Yin , Huang Jin-Song
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a model of why and how cart abandonment occurs in the online shopping process. An online survey of 210 people was conducted via the online shopping website of a communication company in China. The results demonstrate that cart abandonment was directly and positively
influenced by organization and research of the products within the cart as well as by comparison with external websites, and was directly and negatively influenced by payment intention. Both perceived cost and perceived risk had an indirect effect on cart abandonment through the mediator of
organization and research of products within the cart. Perceived transaction inconvenience did not influence cart abandonment either directly or indirectly. The results imply that cart abandonment is dependent on the shopping processes, and that organization and research of products within
the cart is a key variable that impacts cart abandonment.
Concurrent Use of an In-vehicle Navigation System and a Smartphone Navigation Application
Authors: Wang Lin , Ju Da Young
Published: December 2015

In general, it is potentially dangerous for people to use several digital devices while driving because this may cause mental overload. However, it is now common for drivers to use both a smartphone navigation application (app) and an in-vehicle navigation system. We investigated the
behavior of 41 drivers who used both navigation systems, and determined their reason for using, and mode of use of these. Results showed that the majority of participants used a mobile phone app as their primary navigation system and the in-vehicle navigation system as the secondary system.
They often kept the in-vehicle navigation system turned on, to use as backup in certain situations, such as the loss of battery power for their smartphone or the need to receive a phone call. Practical implications are discussed.
Organizational Commitment, Work Engagement, Person–Supervisor Fit, and Turnover Intention: A Total Effect Moderation Model
Authors: Zhang Jun-cheng , Ling Wen-quan , Zhang Zhao-yi , Xie Jun
Published: December 2015

We conceptualized work engagement as a mediator and person–supervisor fit as a moderator for understanding the impact mechanism of organizational commitment on turnover intention. With survey data collected from a sample of 512 building engineers in Taiwan, we tested the total
effect moderation model that we proposed in this study via a path analysis procedure using a parametric bootstrap method. Results indicated that work engagement partially mediated the negative effect of organizational commitment on turnover intention, and that the negative relationship between
organizational commitment and turnover intention became weaker when person–supervisor fit was closer. Implications for management theory and practice are discussed.
Psychometric Properties of a Korean Version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire
Authors: Kim Bun-Ok , Cho Sungkun
Published: December 2015

The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) was developed to measure excessive attachment to the literal content of human thought that makes healthy psychological flexibility difficult or impossible. In this study our aim was to examine the psychometric properties of a Korean version of
the CFQ (K-CFQ). Our participants were 410 students (n = 209 for sample 1, n = 201 for sample 2) at a university located in Daejeon, South Korea. Exploratory factor analysis provided support for the same unifactor structure for the measure that had been validated for the original
CFQ. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the adequacy of the unifactor structure of the K-CFQ. The K-CFQ was significantly negatively correlated with psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and quality of life among our participant group and significantly positively correlated with anxiety
and depression. Our results supported the reliability and construct and criterion validity of the K-CFQ for assessing cognitive fusion in a Korean college sample.