bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise do Registro e Gestão de Marcas da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
Authors: Rocha Clarice Monteiro , Silva Paula Tereza de Souza e
Published: July 2022

Este artigo analisou o processo de registro e de gestão das marcas da Embrapa por meio do levantamento do histórico de proteção no Brasil e do exterior, identificando os processos e os critérios internos para efetivação de tais registros. Para isso, foram realizados um estudo de caso, com levantamento documental, entrevistas e busca de dados na base do INPI referentes às marcas ligadas ao CNPJ da Embrapa de 1970 até maio de 2021. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a Instituição vem ampliando a proteção dos seus ativos marcários, com 522 processos no INPI, sendo a maioria em vigor, possuindo ainda a tendência de resguardar as marcas em mais de uma classe. Em 2021, a Embrapa atualizou o seu documento orientador referente à criação e gestão de marcas, buscando uma maior organização do processo interno, bem como a promoção desse ativo como instrumento de negócio.
Mapeamento Tecnológico de Bebidas Fermentadas Funcionais com Cacau
Authors: Rodrigues Leticia de Alencar Pereira , Leal Ingrid Lessa , Hodel Katharine Valéria Saraiva , Góes Gisele Beatriz Teles
Published: July 2022

Os produtos à base de cacau são classificados como altamente energéticos, estimulantes e antioxidantes devido ao alto teor de gordura e compostos bioativos. Por conta disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o potencial para o desenvolvimento de novas bebidas fermentadas funcionais contendo cacau por meio do levantamento de patentes. Para isso, uma pesquisa foi realizada a partir da combinação de palavras-chave com o Código Internacional de Patentes (CIP) no banco de dados do Derwent (DWPI). O ano de 2019 demonstrou o maior registro de publicações, ampliando as buscas de produtos com efeitos funcionais para a saúde. A Organização Mundial da Propriedade Intelectual (OMPI) e o Escritório Europeu de Patentes (EP) possuem a maior quantidade de proteção patentária, os quais incluem registros em diferentes países. Além disso, observou-se que grande parte dos documentos de patentes encontra-se relacionada a compostos em pó para aplicação em produtos farmacêuticos, nutracêuticos ou bebidas.
Patentes e Inovação: estudo de caso em um hospital
Authors: König Emanuele , Bohn Patrícia Raquel , Mendes Marcelo Kratz , Dewes Mariana de Freitas
Published: July 2022

Este artigo consiste em um estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa, que tem como objetivo analisar as patentes solicitadas e concedidas a uma organização líder em inovação em serviços médicos hospitalares no Brasil. O caso a ser estudado foi selecionado considerando a primeira colocação no ranking Prêmio Valor Inovação Brasil 2020, na categoria “serviços médicos”: Sociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Hospital Albert Einstein. Os dados foram coletados a partir da busca por pedidos de patentes, tendo como titular o Einstein, entre os anos de 2016 e 2021, nas bases Google Patents e Espacenet. Foram verificados 17 pedidos de patentes, com maior incidência de inovações abertas, incrementais, de processo e produto, em patentes de invenção, e sem parecer definitivo expedido no Brasil. O estudo apresenta potencial interesse para a área de inovação em saúde e para o desenvolvimento do olhar crítico para questões de propriedade intelectual e soluções inovadoras.
QUAIS CORPOS MERECEM EXISTIR?
Authors: Silva Lucas Bittencourt
Published: July 2022

A sexualidade humana vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço na sociedade contemporânea. Diante disso, é preciso debater sobre uma minoria sexual da qual ainda pouco se fala: as pessoas intersexo. A intersexualidade é a condição corporal dos indivíduos que nascem com uma genitália ambígua, ou seja, com características masculinas e femininas simultaneamente. Para tratar do tema, aborda-se a intersexualidade sobre uma tripla perspectiva: médica, sociológica e jurídica. Adota-se a pesquisa básica e exploratória, o método dedutivo e a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental de jurisprudência. Como resultados principais, tem-se que: para a Medicina, a intersexualidade é uma patologia que deve ser cirurgicamente tratada; para as Ciências Sociais, conforme os estudos de Foucault e Butler, a patologização da genitália ambígua é uma técnica da biolítica para a manutenção do binarismo e o controle do sexo/gênero; para o Direito, a cirurgia “normalizadora” viola vários direitos da criança intersexo, em especial a dignidade da pessoa humana, melhor interesse da criança, autonomia corporal e direito à saúde. Conclui-se, portanto, que todos os corpos merecem existir em seu âmbito biológico, social e jurídico.
LGBTFOBIA EM FOCO
Authors: Vasconcelos Rangel Luana , Da Silva Marusa Bocafoli
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar de que forma o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos (SIDH) atua como um instrumento de contestação frente a violência exercida pelo Estado Brasileiro às pessoas LGBTQIA+. A violência sexual, moral, física e a exclusão contra essa parte da população são latentes. A LGBTfobia está presente em todo o mundo, no entanto se configura uma prática que fere os Direitos Humanos desses indivíduos. Desse modo, por meio de um apanhado histórico da atuação do SIDH e da apresentação e análise de alguns casos concretos, objetiva-se apresentar a evolução da ação de órgãos especializados para garantir a efetivação e o desenvolvimento de acordos e recomendações acerca da temática dos direitos humanos da população LGBTQIA+.
FAMÍLIA E A SEXUALIDADE NO DIREITO
Authors: MATOS ALEXANDRA GOMES DOS SANTOS
Published: July 2022

O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em analisar, criticamente, como a legislação brasileira tem dispensado tratamento aos diversos tipos de família, ressaltando a relevância da educação para que se efetive uma sociedade democrática, enquanto viabilizadora do letramento vernacular. Para tanto, o primeiro objetivo específico é apresentar a crônica “Pegue o remo companheira”, de Café (2019), com enfoque no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), propondo que o aluno se reconheça enquanto sujeito de direitos e deveres, via efetivação do letramento vernacular, propulsor da consciência cidadã. O segundo, por seu turno, apresenta os tipos de família, considerando a pluralidade social do Brasil, assim como relacionando-os à forma como o direito e a realidade se manifestam no território brasileiro. Por fim, o terceiro objetivo específico analisa a inércia legislativa do Congresso Nacional, fazendo evidenciar como o conceito de família tem mais considerado o direito patrimonial do que o da pessoa humana. Na pesquisa bibliográfica, com coleta qualitativa de dados, verifica-se como o preconceito aos homoafetivos e a todos aqueles circunscritos em famílias, contrárias à concepção “tradicional”, tem se mantido no Brasil, sob o invólucro de um Estado Democrático de Direito.
PLENO ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA DE MENINAS E MULHERES À EDUCAÇÃO ENQUANTO MECANISMO FUNDAMENTAL À EFETIVA CONSTRUÇÃO DE EQUIDADE DE GÊNERO
Authors: Dias da Motta Ivan , Coêlho de Séllos-Knoerr Viviane , De Lourdes Araújo Maria
Published: July 2022

Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa que teve por objeto a análise das condições em que o pleno acesso e permanência das meninas e mulheres à educação, pode repercutir na condição emancipatória destas, pela construção efetiva de equidade de gênero em todos os cenários sociais. Analisa o direito social à educação a partir do contexto histórico da exclusão da mulher do acesso ao ensino, e os reflexos desta opção política no cenário atual em que a mulher não tem reconhecida a sua emancipação, apesar de tal garantia constar expressamente consolidada no texto constitucional. Almeja fomentar novas discussões, inspirar opções políticas e práticas pedagógicas que caminhem no sentido da construção de uma nova cultura de paridade de direitos entre homens e mulheres.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Cunha Leandro Reinaldo da
Published: July 2022

Apresentação
GENOCÍDIO TRANS
Authors: Cunha Leandro Reinaldo da
Published: July 2022

Editorial.
A ROS‐Responsive Liposomal Composite Hydrogel Integrating Improved Mitochondrial Function and Pro‐Angiogenesis for Efficient Treatment of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Lei Cai , Liu Hongbing , Jiang Mingchao , Zhou Zongtao , Zhao Yuqi , Yu Cui‐Yun , Wei Hua
Published: July 2022

Mitochondrial dysfunction of cardiomyocytes (CMs) has been identified as a significant pathogenesis of early myocardial infarction (MI). However, only a few agents or strategies have been developed to improve mitochondrial dysfunction for the effective MI treatment. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive PAMB‐G‐TK/4‐arm‐PEG‐SG hydrogel is developed for localized drug‐loaded liposome delivery. Notably, the liposomes contain both elamipretide (SS‐31) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), where SS‐31 acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative damage and S1P as a signaling molecule for activating angiogenesis. Liposome‐encapsulated PAMB‐G‐TK/4‐arm‐PEG‐SG hydrogels demonstrate myocardium‐like mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, and ROS‐sensitive release of SS‐31 and S1P‐loaded liposomes. Further liposomal release of SS‐31, which can target cytochrome c in the mitochondrial inner membrane of damaged CMs, inhibits pathological ROS production, improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, S1P released from the liposome induces endothelial cell angiogenesis by activating the S1PR1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In a rat MI model, the resulting liposomal composite hydrogel improves cardiac function by scavenging excess ROS, improving mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoting angiogenesis. This study reports for the first time a liposomal composite hydrogel that can directly target mitochondria of damaged CMs for a feedback‐regulated release of encapsulated liposomes to consume the overproduced pathological ROS for improved CM activity and enhanced MI treatment.
Nano‐Kirigami Structures and Branched Nanowires Fabricated by Focused Ion Beam‐Induced Milling, Bending, and Deposition
Authors: Xia Deying , Notte John
Published: July 2022

3D nanostructures hold the key to building custom devices with special and flexible functionalities. Ion beam‐induced bending and folding are used for the fabrication of 3D nanostructures from prepared 2D nano‐patterned membranes. Tensile and compressive stresses can be introduced within the layers of a thin membrane under ion beam irradiation to manipulate and control the formation of nano‐kirigamis. Both localized and broader ion beam irradiation can be used to induce bending in the membrane with remarkable control of the bending angle and direction. In this work, an approach to fabricate nano‐kirigamis with focused ion beams (FIBs) is developed. First, helium or neon ion beams are used to mill 2D patterns into the planar membrane with good accuracy, nanoscale, and less damage. Subsequently, gallium ion beam is used to broadly and uniformly irradiate the patterned region to induce out‐of‐plane bending to form nano‐kirigamis. Both upward and downward bending are observed for different thicknesses of membranes. The bending angle is easily controlled by varying the irradiation dosage. Moreover, with FIB‐induced deposition, nanopillars, or nanowires (NWs) can be grown on the membrane before or after bending. Various complex 3D nanostructures and branched NWs can be fabricated using this approach.
Violet Phosphorus Quantum Dots as Distinguishable Environmental Biosensors
Authors: Zhao Rongzheng , Liu Shuhao , Zhao Xuewen , Cheng Yonghong , Zhang Jinying
Published: July 2022

A molecular probe is demonstrated to be an effective semi‐invasive technique to measure the local environments of biomaterials. Environmental probes based on fluorescence intensity and lifetime are well studied as temperature sensors. However, usually both fluorescence intensity and lifetime of reported molecular probes depend on various local environments, such as temperature, pH, and ionic strength. It is a big challenge to distinguish the specific environmental effects on the fluorescence. Herein, the violet phosphorus quantum dots (VPQDs) are demonstrated to be effective fluorescence molecular probes to distinguish temperature or pH environment variation. The fluorescence intensity and bandwidth of VPQDs are demonstrated to be linearly correlated to a wide range of temperatures (283–363 K), while the fluorescence lifetime of VPQDs is demonstrated to be temperature‐independent. However, the fluorescence lifetime is demonstrated to be linearly correlated to pH value. Additionally, good water dispersibility, superior photo‐ and thermal stability, and excellent reversibility are also obtained by VPQDs. More importantly, the high sensitivity of fluorescence intensity to temperature instead of pH environments and the high sensitivity of fluorescence lifetime to pH environments instead of temperature allow VPQDs to be distinguishable biosensors to temperature and pH environments.
Measurement of Parachute Canopy Textile Deformation Using Mechanically Invisible Stretchable Lightguides
Authors: Jo Jeyeon , Xu Artemis , Mishra Anand Kumar , Bai Hedan , Derkevorkian Armen , Rabinovitch Jason , Park Huiju , Shepherd Robert F.
Published: July 2022

Conventional strain gauges are not designed for accurate measurement over the large range of deformations possible in compliant textiles. The thin, lightweight, and flexible nature of textiles also makes it challenging to attach strain gauges in a way that does not affect the mechanical properties. In this manuscript, soft, highly extensible fibers that propagate light (i.e., stretchable lightguides) are stitched as a strain gauge to map the deformation of a nylon parachute textile under tension. When under load, these fiber optic strain gauges propagate less light, and this strain‐induced light modulation is used to accurately (absolute error≈2.93%; Std. Dev.: 3.02%) measure strain in the <30% range before these textiles fail. This system has directionality; strain in parallel to the sensor results in little light attenuation while perpendicular loading shows high sensitivity (Gauge factor⊥≈24.8 and Gauge factor||≈0.05 at the first 1% strain). Structural and optical simulations are coupled to demonstrate that load transfer on the fiber optic by the stitchwork is the dominating cause of signal modulation. To further validate the hypotheses, digital image correlation was used under dynamic loading conditions to show that these sensors do not significantly affect the mechanical properties.
Recent Advances toward Wearable Sweat Monitoring Systems
Authors: Shen Hao , Xue Liwei , Ma Youwen , Huang Haibo , Chen Liguo
Published: July 2022

Wearable biosensors are playing an increasingly important role in society. Compared with traditional wearable biosensors for detecting blood pressure, blood oxygen, or pulse conditions, which can only access information from the physical level, biosensors for testing body fluids can provide more details on health conditions through the analysis of biochemical criteria. Sweat secreted from glands distributed throughout the body contains abundant biochemical information and is an indicator of the physical conditions. Because of the noninvasive and safe sampling method, wearable sweat monitoring systems have the potential to realize long‐term and wearable detection. In this review, the current situation of wearable sweat monitoring systems is summarized from three critical parts: the sweat collection method, the sweat analysis method, and the energy supply. Finally, based on the existing drawbacks of wearable sweat monitoring systems in previous studies, the authors creatively propose droplet‐based detection, triboelectric nanogenerator‐based detection, and self‐powered systems as new directions for future research. The proposed approaches are expected to promote the commercialization process of wearable sweat monitoring systems.
Epitaxial Growth of Vertically Aligned Antimony Selenide Nanorod Arrays for Heterostructure Based Self‐Powered Photodetector
Authors: Cao Yu , Qu Peng , Wang Changgang , Zhou Jing , Li Minghao , Yu Xiaoming , Yu Xuan , Pang Jinbo , Zhou Weijia , Liu Hong , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: July 2022

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) has garnered significant attention with its extraordinary optical and optoelectronic properties for optical and optoelectronic devices such as broadband photodetectors. The trends emerge in the synthesis of Sb2Se3 over a semiconducting substrate for the direct formation of heterostructures, which facilitate a pn junction for self‐powered photodetector. 1D Sb2Se3 nanorods are preferred to boost the charge carrier transport along the longitudinal direction as well as the optical absorption by light trapping. Great challenges remain for the vertical growth of nanorods. In this work, the precisely vertical alignment of Sb2Se3 nanorod arrays has been achieved in an epitaxial growth manner by selecting a lattice‐matching substrate, namely, boron‐doped ZnO (110) surface. The directly grown boron‐doped ZnO/Sb2Se3 nanorod arrays heterostructure leads to a high‐performance broadband photodetector. Eventually, the device demonstrates extraordinary figure‐of‐merit parameters, i.e., responsivity, on/off ratio, and specific detectivity. Furthermore, device simulation predicts the theoretical limit of the photodetector performances on the condition of suppressed defect density of the Sb2Se3. These results may shed light on the investigation of controlled growth of low‐dimensional materials, self‐powered photodetectors, and related optic and optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Ligand‐Exchange in Solid Quantum Dots Film Enables Stacked White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Hong Zhiwei , Zou Yatao , Li Yajuan , Cai Lei , Chen Zhewei , Zang Jiaqing , Bai Guilin , Li Ya , Chen Jiangyu , Wu Yanfei , Jiang Conghui , Song Tao , Sun Baoquan
Published: July 2022

Solution‐processed white quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (WQLEDs) hold great promise for lighting and backlight applications. Stacked blue/green/red quantum dots (QDs) films as an emitting layer through the layer‐by‐layer deposition offer a simple way to realize WQLEDs. However, the redissolution issue rising from the deposition of the adjacent QDs layers prevents the fabrication of high‐quality multilayer emissive layers. Here, a ligand exchange strategy is developed to improve the solvent‐resistance of the QDs films by exposing the QDs films in a trace acid environment. The dissociated hydrions from the acid protonate the aliphatic ligands and desorb them away from QDs’ surface, leaving space for inorganic ions to anchor onto the QDs’ surface. Importantly, the trace acid does not destroy the morphological properties of QDs films and reserves their initial photoluminescence efficiency. In addition, the charge transporting ability of the QDs is enhanced on account of the replaced inorganic ligands. As result, the stacked WQLEDs display pure white emission with Commission International de I'Eclairage coordinates of (0.34, 0.33), and impressive external quantum efficiency of 9.1% has been demonstrated. This solid‐phase ligands exchange strategy provides an alternative way to engineer the surface of QDs for efficient optoelectronics.
Bio‐Inspired Hierarchical Chiral Metamaterials: Near‐Field Coupling and Decoupling Effects Modulating Microwave‐Stealth Properties
Authors: Shi Yupeng , Duan Yuping , Huang Lingxi , Pang Huifang , Ma Xinran , Liu Xiaoji , Li Zerui
Published: July 2022

Polarization conversion of chiral ordered structures can achieve effective electromagnetic attenuation through flexible field rotation. However, the mechanism of near‐field coupling generation on which it depends remains unclear, hindering the development of chiral wave‐absorbing materials. In this work, a beetle‐inspired ordered structure, which is a kind of chiral metamaterials (CMMs) consisting of high entropy alloy (HEA) electromagnetic dissipative unit and media‐layer, is rationally designed. Such CMMs show that the coupling and decoupling effects can achieve dynamic conversion between linearly polarized waves and circularly polarized waves, and the mechanisms analyzed and verified by simulation models confirm that as a universal method. The fabricated biomimetic metamaterials show desirable absorption with effective absorption bandwidth of 4.48 GHz at 2 mm interlayer medium thickness (≥75% absorptivity, reflection loss ≤ −6 dB) and minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −53.6 dB. Moreover, pasting the flexible CMMs conformally on conventional coating surfaces can boost microwave‐invisible capacity, whose absorption bandwidth with RL lower than −6 dB increases to 5.18 GHz over HEA coating. In short, this work elucidates the mechanism of chiral near‐field coupling and provides a novel solution principle and methodology for using CMMs in wave‐absorbing materials.
Light‐Triggered Hypoxia‐Responsive Nanoscale Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Antitumor Treatment
Authors: Yang Guangbao , Bindra Anivind Kaur , Phua Soo Zeng Fiona , Liu Jiawei , Wu Hongwei , Wang Dongdong , Qian Cheng , Liu Guofeng , Zhao Yanli
Published: July 2022

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a noninvasive therapeutic tool, can result in a high level of hypoxia in tumors. Herein, hypoxia‐responsive nanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (UiO‐AZB) are prepared, which contain an azo group in its organic linker. After modifying the surface of UiO‐AZB with chlorin e6 (Ce6)‐conjugated human serum albumin (HSA), tirapazamine (TPZ) is employed as a hypoxia‐activated prodrug to be encapsulated into UiO‐AZB. The obtained nanosystem (UiO‐AZB/HC‐TPZ) can efficiently produce singlet oxygen under 660 nm light irradiation and cause severe hypoxia in tumors. This process in turn triggers the degradation of the frameworks and controllable release of activated TPZ for chemotherapy, finally leading to improved antitumor treatment through combinational PDT and hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy. This research demonstrates a distinctive treatment strategy, that is, using a simple stimulus (light irradiation) to trigger a series of activities (PDT, disintegration of UiO‐AZB structure, activation of TPZ, and controllable release) for realizing an effective treatment of tumors.
Near‐Infrared OLEDs Based on Functional Pyrazinyl Azolate Os(II) Phosphors and Deuteration
Authors: Peng Xiaomei , Yeh Chia‐Hsiu , Wang Sheng Fu , Yan Jie , Gan Shifeng , Su Shi‐Jian , Zhou Xiuwen , Zhang Ye‐Xin , Chi Yun
Published: July 2022

Near‐infrared (NIR) emitting Os(II) complexes [Os(L1)2(PPhMe2)2] (tz1), [Os(L2)2(PPhMe2)2] (tz2), and [Os(L3)2(PPhMe2)2] (tz3), bearing dual (1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐yl)pyrazine chromophoric chelates, are successfully developed. These pyrazine chelates tzn (n = 1, 2, 3) differ by the location and number of 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl appendage(s) on pyrazine, and the associated Os(II) complexes exhibit bathochromic shifted emission, higher quantum yield, and increased radiative lifetime in comparison to parent complex [Os(fprtz)2(PMe2Ph)2] (tz0). Moreover, partially deuterated pyrazine chelate L1‐d is prepared using post‐synthetic deuteration, from which the Os(II) complex tz1 shows a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 12.2% in co‐doped 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)biphenyl (CBP) thin film at 3 wt%. Further, the partially deuterated tz1‐d exhibits a notable increase in PLQY to 17.8% upon co‐deposited into CBP thin film, confirming the influence of C‐H(D) stretching vibrations on the non‐radiative transition processes. Finally, tz1‐d is demonstrated to be suitable in the fabrication of efficient NIR organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), from which max. external quantum efficiency of 3.77% and max. radiance of 24.1 W sr‐1 m‐2 are recorded for emission with peak maximum at 776 nm. These experiments confirm the suppression of C–H vibration caused quenching by deuteration, which should be broadly applicable to the OLED emitters, especially in the NIR region.
Energy‐Saving Pathways for Thermoelectric Nanomaterial Synthesis: Hydrothermal/Solvothermal, Microwave‐Assisted, Solution‐Based, and Powder Processing
Authors: Nandihalli Nagaraj , Gregory Duncan H. , Mori Takao
Published: July 2022

The pillars of Green Chemistry necessitate the development of new chemical methodologies and processes that can benefit chemical synthesis in terms of energy efficiency, conservation of resources, product selectivity, operational simplicity and, crucially, health, safety, and environmental impact. Implementation of green principles whenever possible can spur the growth of benign scientific technologies by considering environmental, economical, and societal sustainability in parallel. These principles seem especially important in the context of the manufacture of materials for sustainable energy and environmental applications. In this review, the production of energy conversion materials is taken as an exemplar, by examining the recent growth in the energy‐efficient synthesis of thermoelectric nanomaterials for use in devices for thermal energy harvesting. Specifically, “soft chemistry” techniques such as solution‐based, solvothermal, microwave‐assisted, and mechanochemical (ball‐milling) methods as viable and sustainable alternatives to processes performed at high temperature and/or pressure are focused. How some of these new approaches are also considered to thermoelectric materials fabrication can influence the properties and performance of the nanomaterials so‐produced and the prospects of developing such techniques further.
SHF Acts as a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Glioblastoma Multiforme by Disrupting STAT3 Dimerization
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Huang Zixuan , Ji Li , Chen Cheng , Wan Quan , Xin Yu , Pu Zhening , Li Koukou , Jiao Jiantong , Yin Ying , Hu Yaling , Gong Lingli , Zhang Rui , Yang Xusheng , Fang Xiangming , Wang Mei , Zhang Bo , Shao Junfei , Zou Jian
Published: July 2022

Sustained activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a critical contributor in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, thus making it an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Here, SH2 domain‐containing adapter protein F (SHF) is identified as a tumor suppressor in glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and its negative regulation of STAT3 activity is characterized. Mechanically, SHF selectively binds and inhibits acetylated STAT3 dimerization without affecting STAT3 phosphorylation or acetylation. Additionally, by blocking STAT3‐DNMT1 (DNA Methyltransferase 1) interaction, SHF relieves methylation of tumor suppressor genes. The SH2 domain is documented to be essential for SHF's actions on STAT3, and almost entirely replaces the functions of SHF on STAT3 independently. Moreover, the peptide C16 a peptide derived from the STAT3‐binding sites of SHF inhibits STAT3 dimerization and STAT3/DNMT1 interaction, and achieves remarkable growth inhibition in GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings strongly identify targeting of the SHF/STAT3 interaction as a promising strategy for developing an optimal STAT3 inhibitor and provide early evidence of the potential clinical efficacy of STAT3 inhibitors such as C16 in GBM.
Solution Processable Direct Bandgap Copper‐Silver‐Bismuth Iodide Photovoltaics: Compositional Control of Dimensionality and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Pai Narendra , Chatti Manjunath , Fürer Sebastian O. , Scully Andrew D. , Raga Sonia R. , Rai Nitish , Tan Boer , Chesman Anthony S. R. , Xu Zhou , Rietwyk Kevin J. , Reddy Saripally Sudhaker , Hora Yvonne , Sepalage Gaveshana A. , Glück Nadja , Lira‐Cantú Monica , Bach Udo , Simonov Alexandr N.
Published: July 2022

The search for lead‐free alternatives to lead‐halide perovskite photovoltaic materials resulted in the discovery of copper(I)‐silver(I)‐bismuth(III) halides exhibiting promising properties for optoelectronic applications. The present work demonstrates a solution‐based synthesis of uniform CuxAgBiI4+x thin films and scrutinizes the effects of x on the phase composition, dimensionality, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performance. Formation of pure 3D CuAgBiI5 at x = 1, 2D Cu2AgBiI6 at x = 2, and a mix of the two at 1 < x < 2 is demonstrated. Despite lower structural dimensionality, Cu2AgBiI6 has broader optical absorption with a direct bandgap of 1.89 ± 0.05 eV, a valence band level at ‐5.25 eV, improved carrier lifetime, and higher recombination resistance as compared to CuAgBiI5. These differences are mirrored in the power conversion efficiencies of the CuAgBiI5 and Cu2AgBiI6 solar cells under 1 sun of 1.01 ± 0.06% and 2.39 ± 0.05%, respectively. The latter value is the highest reported for this class of materials owing to the favorable film morphology provided by the hot‐casting method. Future performance improvements might emerge from the optimization of the Cu2AgBiI6 layer thickness to match the carrier diffusion length of ≈40–50 nm. Nonencapsulated Cu2AgBiI6 solar cells display storage stability over 240 days.
Supply chain disruptions and containerized agricultural exports from California ports
Authors: Carter Colin A. , Steinbach Sandro , Zhuang Xiting
Published: July 2022

We study the trade effects of the 2021 supply chain disruptions on containerized agricultural exports from California ports. Our event studies show that port congestion and container shortages reduced agricultural exports by 22% from May to November 2021. The export losses exceed $3.2 billion and vary substantially across commodity groups, with California tree nut producers facing the brunt of the financial repercussions. California agriculture's losses surpass those from the 2018 China–US trade war by far. The export disruptions mirror the fact that California ports are among the least efficient globally.
Concentration polarization on surface patterned membranes
Authors: Shang Chuning , Xia Jianzhong , Sun Lili , Lipscomb G. Glenn , Zhang Sui
Published: July 2022

Surface pattern is a promising approach to enhance membrane performance while contradictory results have been reported on its impact on concentration polarization. Here, we provide an experimental and modeling study of the concentration polarization on patterned membranes by varying pattern size, solute size, surface hydrophilicity, and membrane orientation. Interesting trends were observed when comparing different membrane orientations, where relative concentration polarization degree (CPD) was found depend on molecular weight. Salts and small organic molecules encountered more severe CPD in the transverse mode, while molecules larger than a threshold value showed a different trend. Such threshold molecular weight increased at larger pattern size. Simulation results were consistent with experimental observations, and revealed the critical role of diffusivity on such phenomena. Results also showed more severe concentration polarization on patterned membranes in both parallel and transverse modes in most cases, compared to smooth membrane.
Greetings among female chimpanzees in Mahale, Tanzania
Authors: Nakamura Michio
Published: July 2022

Greeting behaviors have been reported in several primate species, although their forms and context may vary across species. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) greet each other in various ways when they meet; however, many recent studies of greetings in chimpanzees have mostly focused on pant grunt vocalizations, which are often viewed as equivalent to submissive signals. As most greetings in chimpanzees are directed toward adult males, either from other males or females, relatively few studies have focused on female–female greetings. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to describe the greetings (not limited to pant grunts) between chimpanzee females in the Mahale Mountains National Park based on long‐term observational data. I observed 405 female–female greeting events (10.9 instances per 100 observation hours [obsn. h]) between 1994 and 2018, of which 242 were pant grunts (6.5 instances per 100 obsn. h); 42.3% of greetings were nonaudible, such as tactile or gestural greetings. Most pant grunts were directed toward older females; females under 20 years of age were generally responsible for this trend, as they were the most frequent greeters among females and tended to perform pant grunts toward older females. Nonetheless, among females 20 years of age or older, pant grunts from an older to a younger female were not rare (37%). Compared to previous studies in Mahale, pant grunts between females were an order of magnitude less than those directed toward males. There may also be a large difference in the frequencies of female–female pant grunts across study sites, which may be attributed to differences in female gregariousness.
Aufwertung organischer Verbindungen durch Kopplung von Elektrooxidation und Wasserstoffentwicklung
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Li Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang
Published: July 2022

Die elektrokatalytische Wasserspaltung gilt als die nachhaltigste und sauberste Technologie zur Produktion von H2. Leider wird die Effizienz durch die träge Kinetik der Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (OER) an der Anode stark eingeschränkt. Im Gegensatz zur OER ist die Elektrooxidation organischer Stoffe (EOO) thermodynamisch und kinetisch günstiger. Daher hat sich die Kopplung der EOO mit der Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion (HER) als Alternative herauskristallisiert, weil dabei die katalytische Effizienz für die H2‐Produktion erheblich verbessert werden kann. Gleichzeitig können hochwertige organische Verbindungen an der Anode durch Verbesserung der Elektrooxidation erzeugt werden. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die aktuellsten Fortschritte und Meilensteine, die bereits bei der Kopplung der EOO mit der HER erzielt wurden, vorgestellt. Der Fokus liegt auf dem Design des Anodenkatalysators, dem Verständnis des Reaktionsmechanismus und der Konstruktion des Elektrolyseurs. Darüber hinaus werden Herausforderungen und Perspektiven in Bezug auf die künftige Entwicklung dieser innovativen Technologie aufgezeigt.
γ‐Fe2O3@Cu3Al‐LDH/HEPES a novel heterogeneous amphoteric catalyst for synthesis of annulated pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines
Authors: Ghobakhloo Farzaneh , Azarifar Davood , Mohammadi Masoud , Ghaemi Masoumeh
Published: July 2022

An efficient synthetic method for the heterogenization of bifunctional zwitterionic HEPES catalyst on LDH modified γ‐Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed to create a novel polar catalytic environment for tandem catalysis. The efficiency of the resulted acid/base bifunctional catalyst (γ‐Fe2O3@Cu3Al‐LDH/HEPES) was investigated in Biginelli‐like synthesis of biologically active pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines via the cyclocondensation of 3‐methyl, 1‐phenyl‐H1‐pyrazole‐5‐ol with various aromatic aldehydes and urea derivatives in a mixture of water and ethanol (1:1) under reflux conditions. Besides, the desired products were reached with high conversions and powerful reusability. Utilization of simple and mild reaction conditions, hybrid bifunctional catalytic groups, short reaction time, green and safe solvent, high catalytic performance and good recyclability, easy purification of the products, and simple magnetically work‐up make this methodology an interesting and effective option in the Biginelli reaction.
Polypyrrole and cotton fabric‐based flexible micro‐supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Jiawei , Zhang Linsheng , Xing Chenyang , Jia Gaopeng , Lu Zhenqian , Tian Qiang , Zhang Shaohui , Lv Jingchun
Published: July 2022

With the development of wearable electronic devices, there has been extensive research interest in portable energy supply systems. In this study, traditional cotton fabrics are finished with a water repellent coating and a single‐sided polyurethane (PU) coating to impart hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic lightweight cotton fabric can float on the surface of the pyrrole polymerization system solution. With increasing polymerization time, the pyrrole continues to polymerize and deposit on the side in contact with the fabric, resulting in a one‐sided conductive fabric. The highest doping level was obtained for the polypyrrole (PPy) coating for polymerization time of 12 h. For PPy coating thickness of 18 μm, the square resistance was as low as 220 Ω/sq. The PPy‐12 fabric electrode showed excellent electrochemical performance and cycling stability. An interdigitated pattern was etched on the surface of the one‐sided conductive fabric (PPy‐12) using a N, N‐dimethylformamide solution. Fabric micro‐supercapacitors were obtained by assembling with a H2SO4/PVA gel electrolyte. The fabric micro‐supercapacitor exhibited good flexibility and electrochemical energy storage properties. For current density of 0.08 mA/cm2 and power density of 19.1 μW/cm2, the energy density of the device was 0.09 μWh/cm2. After 3000 cycles, the micro‐supercapacitor retained approximately 85% of the capacitance. Thus, fabric‐based flexible micro‐supercapacitors have excellent application potential in the field of energy storage.
Green nanocomposite made from carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced with four types of cellulose nanomaterials of wheat straw
Authors: Ghalehno Mohammad Dahmardeh , Yousefi Hossein
Published: July 2022

In this study, four types of cellulose nanomaterials obtained from wheat straw including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNFs), mechanical‐driven cellulose nanofibers (MCNFs) and lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) were first produced and then separately added to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with different mixing ratio of 1, 3, and 6 wt% to make nanocomposite. Pure CMC film and cellulose microfibers (CFs) reinforced composite were also fabricated. BET test showed that TCNFs and CFs had the highest (124 m2/g) and lowest (3.6 m2/g) specific surface area, respectively. FE‐SEM confirmed that TCNFs and CFs presented the thinnest (8 ± 4 nm) and the thickest (24 ± 7 μm) fibers. The nanocomposite containing TCNFs had a transparency of 56%, while CF‐CMC composite showed the lowest one (18%). After the addition of cellulose nanomaterials the XRD peaks of nanocomposites became narrower and shifted partly to the right side compared to that of pure CMC. The highest and lowest water vapor permeability values obtained for rod‐like CNC reinforced nanocomposite and pure CMC film, respectively. The nanocomposite containing 6 wt% TCNFs showed the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus. Cellulose nanomaterials positively affected on the strain at break of the nanocomposites.
Predatory fish exploitation and relative abundance in a data‐poor region from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, inferred from artisanal fishery interview surveys and baited remote underwater video systems
Authors: Cáceres Camila , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Luna‐Acosta Andrea , Herrera Hans , Zarza Esteban , Heithaus Michael R.
Published: July 2022

Artisanal fisheries are socially and economically important along the Caribbean coast of Colombia. These fisheries remain poorly characterized, making it difficult to estimate their potential impact, especially on non‐targeted catch such as elasmobranchs.

A rapid assessment framework was used to investigate the exploitation, use, and relative abundance of elasmobranchs and predatory teleosts in a region along the Caribbean coast of Colombia. In‐person structured interview surveys (n = 188) were conducted during the autumn of 2016 at eight fishing towns around Cartagena and the islands of the Natural National Park (NNP) Corales del Rosario and San Bernardo. Baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVS) (n = 200) deployed at four reefs were used to assess the relative abundance of elasmobranchs and other predatory teleosts.

Fishers reported capturing eight shark and five ray taxa. Although 99% of fishers indicated that they did not target sharks, 83% reported keeping the catches to sell, eat, or both. Similarly, 81% of fishers did not target rays, but 90% reported retaining catches. Most fishers (84%) perceived a decline of sharks in the coastal waters since they started fishing, compared with 41% reporting batoid declines. BRUVS data support the perceptions of elasmobranch declines. Elasmobranch abundances were very low and no difference was detected between protected and unprotected reefs. Results were similar for teleost taxa, but there were higher abundances inside one marine protected area (MPA) that had high enforcement.

Taken together, the data suggest considerable degradation of not only elasmobranch populations but also predatory fish populations of coral reef habitats in a region of the Colombian Caribbean. Furthermore, artisanal fishers continue to exploit coral reef resources inside MPAs unless there is strong enforcement. Enforcement can be difficult with limited resources, and therefore community‐based conservation methods may be more effective. Engagement with the local fishing community may help to reduce existing tensions and improve compliance.
Molecular dynamics studies reveal structural and functional features of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein
Authors: Pipitò Ludovico , Rujan Roxana‐Maria , Reynolds Christopher A. , Deganutti Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is responsible for the COVID‐19 pandemic the world experience since 2019. The protein responsible for the first steps of cell invasion, the spike protein, has probably received the most attention in light of its central role during infection. Computational approaches are among the tools employed by the scientific community in the enormous effort to study this new affliction. One of these methods, namely molecular dynamics (MD), has been used to characterize the function of the spike protein at the atomic level and unveil its structural features from a dynamic perspective. In this review, we focus on these main findings, including spike protein flexibility, rare S protein conformational changes, cryptic epitopes, the role of glycans, drug repurposing, and the effect of spike protein variants.
Aluminum oxide and ethylene bis(diphenylphosphine)‐incorporated poly(imide) separators for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Cheon Jaemun , Park Sang Heon , Kim Youngkwon , Yim Taeeun
Published: July 2022

Although poly(imide)‐based separators have received great attention as an alternative separator for lithium‐ion batteries, there are serious restrictions because their porous structures enable a great amount of current to leak internally. In this work, we report a one‐step coating process for the structures of poly(imide) (PI)‐based separators that effectively closes their pores. To close the large pores on a PI separator, nanosized aluminum oxide as a coating precursor and the free radical scavenging agent ethylene bis(diphenylphosphine) were co‐incorporated into the PI separator. Screening tests confirmed that ethylene bis(diphenylphosphine) (EPP) can effectively scavenge free radical species via chemical reaction and that incorporating Al2O3–EPP composites closed pores of the PI separators. Regarding electrochemical performance, the cell cycled with a PI separator that incorporated Al2O3–EPP exhibited stable cycling, while the cell cycled with a bare PI separator showed failure. These results indicate that incorporating Al2O3–EPP material effectively increases both safety and electrochemical performance. The Al2O3–EPP composites are incorporated onto the PI separator via dip‐coating process in order to improve electrochemical properties of PI separator. The cell cycled with the Al2O3–EPP incorporated PI separator exhibits stable cycling behavior because Al2O3–EPP composites effectively prevent internal short circuit in the cell.
CT‐determined low skeletal muscle mass predicts worse overall survival of gastric cancer in patients with cachexia
Authors: Wan Qianyi , Wang Zhetao , Zhao Rui , Tu Tingting , Shen Xiaoding , Shen Yuhou , Li Tao , Chen Yi , Song Yinghan
Published: July 2022

Background

There were controversies for the association between computed tomography (CT)‐determined low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and overall survival (OS) in gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we investigated whether cachexia could be a potential confounding variable for this issue.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the patients of GC in our institution between July 2016 and January 2021. Preoperative SMM was determined by analyzing the skeletal muscle index of L3 with abdominal CT, and the cut‐offs for low SMM were defined as <52.4 (men) and < 38.5 cm2/m2 (women), respectively. Overall survival (OS) was the primary endpoint.

Results

Of the 255 included GC patients, 117 (46%) were classified as having low SMM. Those with low SMM were associated with a higher level of circulating interleukin 6 and C reactive protein but a lower level of albumin than those of normal SMM. The univariate analysis showed that low SMM, tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, body mass index (BMI), postoperative chemotherapy, and cachexia were significantly associated with OS, while in the multivariate analysis, only low SMM and TNM stage were significantly associated with OS. Kaplan–Meier survival curves with log‐rank tests indicated that low SMM significantly predicted worse OS of GC. After grouping by cachexia, the low SMM significantly predicted worse OS in patients with cachexia instead of those without cachexia.

Conclusions

CT‐determined low SMM predicts worse OS of GC in patients with cachexia instead of those without cachexia, and greater attention should be paid to such patients with synchronous low SMM and cachexia.
Investigating clients' experiences of walk and talk counselling
Authors: Newman Erica , Gabriel Lynne
Published: July 2022

Background

The use of “walk and talk” counselling has recently increased due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, concurrent with an increased awareness of the benefits of the outdoors, nature and exercise on mental health. Walk and talk counselling is relatively new and seemingly easy to incorporate for everyday counsellors. However, there is limited previous research on this form of counselling.

Aim

This study aimed to investigate how the client experiences walk and talk counselling in a natural outdoor environment.

Method

To evaluate the client's lived experience of walk and talk counselling, online semi‐structured interviews with five adult participants in the United Kingdom (UK) were analysed using the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) method.

Findings

The general outlook on walk and talk was positive. There was a feeling of informality, and a relational equalising element, but these aspects did not appear to detract from the professional relationship. There was an appreciation of nature, although there was an element of not noticing it. Timing was more fluid, and there were positive and negative aspects of the outdoor walking.

Limitations

A small sample size limits the wider application of these findings.

Implications

Further research is required to support further guidelines and training for practitioners. Implications for practice include the consideration of client preferences and a more fluid approach to contracting, a need for increased awareness of physical and psychological safety and a consideration of the relational dynamic when walking outdoors.

Conclusion

Walk and talk is a viable alternative to indoor counselling. It proved useful in a pandemic and for clients who would not consider indoor counselling.