bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformational isomerization: A novel mechanism to realize the AIE‐TADF behaviors
Authors: Wu Hao , Fan Xiao‐Chun , Wang Hui , Huang Feng , Xiong Xin , Shi Yi‐Zhong , Wang Kai , Yu Jia , Zhang Xiao‐Hong
Published: June 2022

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) features can overcome aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and emit intensely in aggregate states and thus have attracted enormous attention in the fields of high‐efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis, etc. However, their corresponding exact working mechanisms at the microscopic level are still far from clear. Herein, by carefully investigating the physical properties of our newly designed TADF material 6‐(10H‐spiro[acridine‐9,9′‐fluoren]‐10‐yl)nicotinonitrile in various states, we concluded that conformational isomerization plays an important role in realizing high photoluminescence quantum yields in its amorphous neat film state, in which the high‐lying quasi‐axial conformations with non‐TADF features and low‐lying quasi‐equal conformations with TADF characteristics serve as the host matrix and dopant, respectively, thus suppressing ACQ in disordered aggregate states. Our work not only offers a new possible microscopic mechanism by using conformational isomerization for the AIE‐TADF phenomenon but also provides a novel method for designing high‐efficiency AIE‐TADF emitters.
Approaches to managing work‐related fatigue to meet the needs of American workers and employers
Authors: Wong Imelda , Swanson Naomi
Published: June 2022

On September 13–14, 2019, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) hosted a national forum entitled “Working hours, sleep and fatigue: Meeting the needs of American workers and employers.” The purpose of this inaugural meeting was to discuss current evidence about the broad‐based risks and effective countermeasures related to working hours, sleep, and fatigue, with further considerations to tailor solutions for specific industries and worker populations. We aimed to identify the knowledge gaps and needs in this area and future directions for research. We also sought to identify similarities across industries with the goal of sharing lessons learned and successful mitigation strategies across sectors. Participants included an international representation of academics, scientists, government representatives, policymakers, industry leaders, occupational health and safety professionals, and labor representatives. A total of eight manuscripts were developed following stakeholder comments and forum discussions. Six focused on sector‐specific approaches (i.e., Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing; Healthcare & Social Assistance; Mining; Oil and Gas Extraction; Public Safety; Transportation, Warehousing & Utilities) to identify unique factors for fatigue‐risk and effective countermeasures. Two additional manuscripts addressed topic areas that cut across all industries (disproportionate risks, and economic evaluation). Findings from the Forum highlight that the identification of common risk factors across sectors allows for transfer of information, such as evidence for effective mitigation strategies, from sectors where fatigue risk has been more widely studied to those sectors where it has been less so. Further considerations should be made to improve knowledge translation activities by incorporating different languages and modes of dissemination such that information is accessible for all workers. Additionally, while economic evaluation can be an important decision‐making tool for organizational‐ and policy‐level activities, multi‐disciplinary approaches combining epidemiology and economics are needed to provide a more balanced approach to economic evaluation with considerations for societal impacts. Although fatigue risk management must be tailored to fit industries, organizations, and individuals, knowledge gained in this forum can be leveraged, modified, and adapted to address these variabilities. Our hope is to continue sharing lessons learned to encourage future innovative, multi‐disciplinary, cross‐industry collaborations that will meet the needs of workers and employers to mitigate the risks and losses related to workplace fatigue.
Differential underestimation of work‐related reinjury risk for older workers: Challenges to producing accurate rate estimates
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Fulton‐Kehoe Deborah , Hogg‐Johnson Sheilah
Published: June 2022

Background

Older workers are increasingly represented in the U.S. workforce, but frequently work part‐timeor intermittently, hindering accurate injury rate estimates. To reduce the impact of reporting barriers on rate comparisons, we focused on reinjury (both injury recurrence and new injury) among workers with a workers’ compensation claim, assessing: (1) reinjury risk for workers age 65+ versus <65; (2) importance of work‐time at‐risk measurement for rate estimates and comparisons; and (3) age distribution of potential risk factors.

Methods

Washington State workers’ compensation claims for a retrospective cohort of workers with work‐related permanent impairments were linked to state wage files. Reinjury rates were calculated for the cohort (N = 11,184) and a survey sample (N = 582), using both calendar time and full‐time equivalent (FTE)‐adjusted time. Risk differentials were assessed using rate ratios and adjusted survival models.

Results

The rate ratio for workers age 65+ (vs. <65) was 0.45 (p < 0.001) using calendar time, but 0.70 (p = 0.07) using FTE‐adjusted time. Survey‐based rates were 35.7 per 100 worker‐years for workers age 65+, versus 14.8 for <65. Workers age 65+ (vs. <65) were more likely to work <100% FTE, but were similar regarding job strain, their ability to handle physical job demands, and their comfort reporting unsafe conditions or injuries.

Conclusions

Accounting for work‐time at risk substantially improves age‐based reinjury comparisons. Although the marked elevation in self‐reported reinjury risk for older workers might be a small‐sample artifact (n = 34), workers age 65+ are likely at higher risk than previously appreciated. Ongoing workforce trends demand increased attention to injury surveillance and prevention for older workers.
Photocatalytic Carboxylation with CO2: A Review of Recent Studies
Authors: Huang Wei , Lin Junyue , Deng Fei , Zhong Hong
Published: June 2022

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main byproduct from the combustion of fossil fuels, the excessive emission into the atmosphere is regarded as primary causes for global warming and climate change. On the other hand, CO2 is also a readily available, non‐toxic, low‐cost C1 source, and widely used in synthetic chemistry to afford value carboxylic acids and derivatives by photocatalysis CO2 transformation under light irradiation. Herein, we present a summarization for the recent advances and achievements in the area of photocatalytic carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, organo(pseudo)halides, carbonyl compounds, tetraalkyl ammonium salt, and C(sp3) C−O bonds with CO2. We also discuss the mechanisms of such reactions, which will help us to comprehend the specific process of carboxylation. We hope the summary of these methods will further stimulate future research in this sought‐after area.
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, dementia, and memory performance among Caribbean Hispanic versus US populations
Authors: Llibre‐Guerra Jorge J. , Li Jing , Qian Yuting , Llibre‐Rodriguez Juan de Jesús , Jiménez‐Velázquez Ivonne Z. , Acosta Daisy , Salas Aquiles , Llibre‐Guerra Juan Carlos , Valvuerdi Adolfo , Harrati Amal , Weiss Jordan , Liu Mao‐Mei , Dow William H.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is considered the major susceptibility gene for developing Alzheimer's disease. However, the strength of this risk factor is not well established across diverse Hispanic populations.

Methods

We investigated the associations among APOE genotype, dementia prevalence, and memory performance (immediate and delayed recall scores) in Caribbean Hispanics (CH), African Americans (AA), Hispanic Americans (HA) and non‐Hispanic White Americans (NHW). Multivariable logistic regressions and negative binomial regressions were used to examine these associations by subsample.

Results

Our final dataset included 13,516 participants (5198 men, 8318 women) across all subsamples, with a mean age of 74.8 years. Prevalence of APOE ε4 allele was similar in CHs, HAs, and NHWs (21.8%–25.4%), but was substantially higher in AAs (33.6%; P < 0.001). APOE ε4 carriers had higher dementia prevalence across all groups.

Discussion

APOE ε4 was similarly associated with increased relative risk of dementia and lower memory performance in all subsamples.
ZnFe2O4@SiO2‐ascorbic acid: Green, magnetic, and versatile catalyst for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3‐d] pyrimidine‐8‐amine and quinazoline derivatives
Authors: Khanmohammadi‐Sarabi Farhad , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash , Aghavandi Hamid , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2022

In this research project, silica‐modified ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were prepared in a simple, short, and straightforward way. Subsequently, an efficient catalyst through immobilization of ascorbic acid on the surface of silica‐coated ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles has been produced. The physical and chemical properties of ZnFe2O4@SiO2‐ascorbic acid were considered by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses. The catalytic activity of described magnetic nanocatalyst was checked out for the synthesis of chromeno[2,3‐d] pyrimidine‐8‐amine and quinazolinone derivatives. The described catalyst was recovered and reused for five continuous cycles without considerable change in its catalytic activity.
The evo‐devo origins of the nasopharynx
Authors: Jankowski Roger
Published: June 2022

The process by which upper respiratory tract structures have changed over deep evolutionary time is, in part, reflected in the process of embryologic development. The nasopharynx in particular is a centrally located space bounded by components of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity, cranial base, soft palate, and Eustachian tube. The development of these components can be understood both in terms of embryologic structures such as the branchial arches and paraxial mesoderm and through fossil evidence dating as far back as the earliest agnathan fish of the Cambrian Period. Understanding both the evolution and development of these structures has been an immeasurable benefit to the otolaryngologist seeking to model disease etiology of both common and rare conditions. This discussion is a primer for those who may be unfamiliar with the central importance of the nasopharynx both in terms of our evolutionary history and early embryological development of vital cranial and upper respiratory tract structures.
Testing a theory‐driven factor structure of the autism‐spectrum quotient
Authors: Zhu Yiqin , Mu Wenting , Chirica Marianne G. , Berenbaum Howard
Published: June 2022

The Autism‐Spectrum Quotient (AQ) is a popular instrument used to assess the degree to which individuals exhibit features of autism spectrum conditions (ASC). The current study aimed to develop a theory‐driven factor structure of the AQ that would fit as well across samples as the 12 previously proposed factor structures, all of which, except for the original Baron‐Cohen model, had been developed on the basis of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) or principal component analysis. We first proposed a six‐factor solution: (1) social anhedonia; (2) interest in details/patterns; (3) imagination ability; (4) desire for predictability/routine; (5) social cognition; and (6) social discourse convention. We tested the six‐factor structure and made final item selections (27 items) with EFA using data from college students (n = 503). Then, we empirically tested alternative factor structure models in three other independent samples (ns = 503; 1263; 1641) using confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated that our model fit as well, if not better, than all of the other models across samples, regardless of parameter estimation methods and software packages. Overall, the theory‐driven replicable six‐factor structure that we report holds the potential to be used to measure the six domains of features that we identified in the AQ.

Lay Summary

Questionnaire measures of autism spectrum conditions have typically been used to measure approximately four broad dimensions. Our study suggests that the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient can be used to measure six more narrowly defined dimensions: social anhedonia, interest in details/patterns, imagination ability, desire for predictability/routine, social cognition, and social discourse convention. Additional work is needed to develop measures of a much wider variety of autism spectrum features.
Immuno‐probed multiwalled carbon nanotube surface for abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker analysis
Authors: Zhao Xuekai , Gopinath Subash C.B. , Zhao Weichao
Published: June 2022

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a medical complication, occurs when the aortic area becomes swollen and very large. It is mandatory to identify AAA to avoid the breakdown of aneurysms. C‐reactive protein (CRP) has been recognized as one of the biomarkers for identifying AAA due to the possibility of CRP produced in vascular tissue, which contributes to the formation of an aneurysm, and it is elevated in patients with a ruptured AAA. This research work was designed to develop an immunosensor on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐modified surface to quantify the CRP level. Anti‐CRP specificity was constructed on the MWCNT surface through a silane linker to interact with CRP. The detection limit of CRP was calculated as 100 pM with anR2(determination coefficient) value of 0.9855 (y= 2.3446x– 1.9922) on a linear regression graph. The dose‐dependent linear pattern was registered from 200 to 3000 pM and attained the saturation level during binding at 3000 pM. Furthermore, serum‐spiked CRP showed a clear increase in the current response, proving the specific recognition of CRP in biological samples. This designed biosensor identifies CRP at a lower level and can help diagnose AAA.
Health‐related quality of life after 50 years in individuals with thalidomide embryopathy: Evidence from a German cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Niecke Alexander , Peters Klaus M. , Alayli Adrienne , Lüngen Markus , Pfaff Holger , Albus Christian , Samel Christina
Published: June 2022

Background

As individuals with thalidomide embryopathy now reaching their 60's they undergo long‐term sequelae of their prenatal damage and experience a wide range of secondary health problems, in particular chronic musculoskeletal pain, movement restrictions, and mental disorders. These health problems are having a negative impact on their life circumstances and their health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the HRQOL in individuals with thalidomide embryopathy in comparison to individuals of the age‐adjusted general population in Germany with and without chronic disease conditions (primary outcome). And, further explore the influence of impairment patterns, pain stage, and mental disorders on physical and mental dimensions of HRQOL (secondary outcome).

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 202 individuals with thalidomide embryopathy from North Rhine‐Westphalia/Germany was conducted, which gathered information about physical examinations including a standardized determination of the pain stage, a structured psychological interview, and the HRQOL. The final dataset was 186 cases for primary outcome.

Results

Individuals with thalidomide embryopathy (50.6 years, 55.9% females) show a significantly reduced physical HRQOL comparison to the age‐adjusted German population with chronic diseases (physical component score; pcs: 33.4 vs. 45.3, p < .001). In addition, male individuals with thalidomide embryopathy show a significantly reduced mental HRQOL to their male counterparts in this comparison (mental component score; mcs: 45.0 vs. 50.0, p = .005). The subgroup analyses show that individuals with thalidomide embryopathy with quadruple impairment have a significantly lower physical HRQOL than those with hearing loss (pcs: 25.0 vs. 38.5; ci's not overlapping). Second, individuals with thalidomide embryopathy with severe compared to mild stages of pain have significantly poorer levels of physical and mental HRQOL (pcs: 25.8 vs. 37.7, ci not overlapping; mcs: 40.4 vs. 51.8, ci's not overlapping). And, individuals with thalidomide embryopathy without a mental disorder show a high mental HRQOL (mcs: 53.2), while in comparison to the total sample those with somatoform and personality disorders have a significantly reduced physical HRQOL (pcs: 27.5 and 24.8; both ci's not overlapping), and those with depressive disorders have a significant reduced mental HRQOL (mcs: 38.0 vs. 45.8, ci's not overlapping).

Conclusions

A longitudinal decreasing HRQOL in individuals with thalidomide embryopathy is known, as well as high prevalence of mental disorders and chronic pain syndromes. This study shows a strong association between these two influencing factors and a poor HRQOL.
Chromatin behavior in living cells: Lessons from single‐nucleosome imaging and tracking
Authors: Ide Satoru , Tamura Sachiko , Maeshima Kazuhiro
Published: June 2022

Eukaryotic genome DNA is wrapped around core histones and forms a nucleosome structure. Together with associated proteins and RNAs, these nucleosomes are organized three‐dimensionally in the cell as chromatin. Emerging evidence demonstrates that chromatin consists of rather irregular and variable nucleosome arrangements without the regular fiber structure and that its dynamic behavior plays a critical role in regulating various genome functions. Single‐nucleosome imaging is a promising method to investigate chromatin behavior in living cells. It reveals local chromatin motion, which reflects chromatin organization not observed in chemically fixed cells. The motion data is like a gold mine. Data analyses from many aspects bring us more and more information that contributes to better understanding of genome functions. In this review article, we describe imaging of single‐nucleosomes and their tracked behavior through oblique illumination microscopy. We also discuss applications of this technique, especially in elucidating nucleolar organization in living cells.
Characterization and application of a thermophilic Argonaute from archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens
Authors: Fang Mengjun , Xu Zhipeng , Huang Di , Naeem Muhammad , Zhu Xiangcheng , Xu Zhinan
Published: June 2022

Prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgos) play an important role in host defense against invading genetic elements. The functional diversities make pAgos very promising in development of novel nucleic acid manipulation tools and attract increasing attentions. Here, we reported the in vitro characterization of an Argonaute protein from archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens (TtrAgo) and its example of application in hepatitis B virus DNA detection. The results showed that TtrAgo functions as a programmable DNA endonuclease by utilizing both short 5′‐phosphorylated and 5′‐hydroxylated single‐stranded DNA guides, and presents high efficiency and accuracy at optimal temperatures ranging from 75°C to 95°C. In addition, TtrAgo also possesses stepwise cleavage activity like PfAgo (Pyrococcus furiosus) and chopping activity toward double‐stranded DNA similar to MjAgo (Methanocaldococcus jannaschii). This study increases our understanding of pAgos and expands the Ago‐based DNA detection toolbox.
Xanthan gum enhances peripheral blood CIK cells cytotoxicity in serum‐free medium
Authors: Huang Huimin , Gong Zizhen , Zhu Xuejun , Tan Wen‐song , Cai Haibo
Published: June 2022

As a water‐soluble macromolecule polysaccharide, xanthan gum (XG) has several biological activities, such as antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory function. However, the effect of XG on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytokines induced killer (CIK) cells is rarely studied. In this study, the effect of XG on CIK cells derived from peripheral blood was investigated by analyzing the expansion fold of total cells, phenotype, cytotoxicity, degranulation, and apoptosis in serum‐free medium. The results showed that the expansion fold of total cells with 100 μg/ml XG which molecule weight is 2.95 × 106 Da reached 4534.0 folds, significantly higher than that without XG (1299.0 folds, p < 0.05). The percentage of main effector cells‐CD3+CD56+ cells increased to 25.5% and the cytotoxic activity of CIK cells increased to 45.3%. The cell proportions of expression granzyme B and perforin that related to cytotoxicity in CIK cells reached 53.6% and 48.3%, respectively, significantly higher than 27.5% and 37.5% in the group without XG (p < 0.05). Collectively, XG could stimulate the ex vivo expansion of CIK cells and enhance the cytotoxicity of expanded CIK cells. The above results provide technical support for optimizing the expansion process of CIK cells ex vivo.
Hyaluronic acid filler injection for deep nasolabial folds: A novel intraoral approach
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho , Lee Jong‐Jin , Hur Hye‐Won , Bae Hyungkyu , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: June 2022

Hyaluronic acid filler injection is a minimally invasive procedure for facial rejuvenation that involves injecting filling materials to correct the volume or augment specific areas in the face. Deep nasolabial folds are a common concern in aging people. The simplest way to correct a deep nasolabial fold to rejuvenate the face is to inject Ristow's space with hyaluronic acid fillers. However, conventional injection methods, such as percutaneous injections using a needle, can cause severe complications, such as skin necrosis or blindness due to intravascular injections. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to introduce a safe technique for intraoral filler injections in deep nasolabial folds and review related anatomic features to evaluate the safety of this technique.
Candidate therapeutic agents in a newly established triple wild‐type mucosal melanoma cell line
Authors: Shi Chaoji , Gu Ziyue , Xu Shengming , Ju Houyu , Wu Yunteng , Han Yong , Li Jiayi , Li Chuwen , Wu Jing , Wang Lizhen , Li Jiang , Zhou Guoyu , Ye Weimin , Ren Guoxin , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zhou Rong
Published: June 2022

Background

Mucosal melanoma has characteristically distinct genetic features and typically poor prognosis. The lack of representative mucosal melanoma models, especially cell lines, has hindered translational research on this melanoma subtype. In this study, we aimed to establish and provide the biological properties, genomic features and the pharmacological profiles of a mucosal melanoma cell line that would contribute to the understanding and treatment optimization of molecularly‐defined mucosal melanoma subtype.

Methods

The sample was collected from a 67‐year‐old mucosal melanoma patient and processed into pieces for the establishment of cell line and patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model. The proliferation and tumorigenic property of cancer cells from different passages were evaluated, and whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on the original tumor, PDX, established cell line, and the matched blood to confirm the establishment and define the genomic features of this cell line. AmpliconArchitect was conducted to depict the architecture of amplified regions detected by WGS. High‐throughput drug screening (HTDS) assay including a total of 103 therapeutic agents was implemented on the established cell line, and selected candidate agents were validated in the corresponding PDX model.

Results

A mucosal melanoma cell line, MM9H‐1, was established which exhibited robust proliferation and tumorigenicity after more than 100 serial passages. Genomic analysis of MM9H‐1, corresponding PDX, and the original tumor showed genetic fidelity across genomes, and MM9H‐1 was defined as a triple wild‐type (TWT) melanoma subtype lacking well‐characterized “driver mutations”. Instead, the amplification of several oncogenes, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), melanocyte Inducing transcription factor (MITF) and INO80 complex ATPase subunit (INO80), via large‐scale genomic rearrangement potentially contributed to oncogenesis of MM9H‐1. Moreover, HTDS identified proteasome inhibitors, especially bortezomib, as promising therapeutic candidates for MM9H‐1, which was verified in the corresponding PDX model in vivo.

Conclusions

We established and characterized a new mucosal melanoma cell line, MM9H‐1, and defined this cell line as a TWT melanoma subtype lacking well‐characterized “driver mutations”. The MM9H‐1 cell line could be adopted as a unique model for the preclinical investigation of mucosal melanoma.
Comprehensive global collaboration in the care of 1182 pediatric oncology patients over 12 years: The Iraqi–Italian experience
Authors: Al‐Jadiry Mazin Faisal , Uccini Stefania , Testi Anna Maria , Moleti Maria Luisa , Alsaadawi Adil Rabeea , Al‐Darraji Amir Fadhil , Al‐Saeed Raghad Majid , Faraj Al‐Badri Safaa A. , Sabhan Ahmed Hatem , Ghali Hasanein Habeeb , Fadhil Samaher Abdulrazzaq , Abed Wisam Majeed , Ameen Najiha Ahmed , Abed Yasir Saadoon , Yousif Fawaz Salim , Abed Aseel Rashid , Hussein Hanadi Munaf , Shkara Ahmed Mudhafar , Piciocchi Alfonso , Mohamed Sara , Ruco Luigi , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Al‐Hadad Salma Abbas
Published: June 2022

Background

Iraq's health care system has gradually declined after several decades of wars, terrorism, and UN economic sanctions. The Oncology Unit at Children's Welfare Teaching Hospital (CWTH) in Baghdad was lacking basic facilities and support. To address this shortcoming, a humanitarian and educational partnership was established between CWTH and Sapienza University of Rome (SUR).

Methods

We investigated the outcomes of 80 online and 16 onsite educational sessions and 142 teleconsultation sessions from 2006 to 2014. We also determined the outcomes of pathology reviews by SUR of 1216 tissue specimens submitted by CWTH from 2007 until 2019 for second opinions. The primary outcomes were discordance, concordance, and changes among clinical diagnoses and pathology review findings. The measures included the frequency of teleconsultation and tele‐education sessions, the topics discussed in these sessions, and the number of pathology samples requiring second opinions.

Findings

A total of 500 cases were discussed via teleconsultations during the study period. The median patient age was 7 years (range, 24 days to 16·4 years), and the cases comprised 79 benign tumors, 299 leukemias, 120 lymphomas, and 97 solid tumors. The teleconsultation sessions yielded 27 diagnostic changes, 123 confirmed diagnoses, and 13 equivocal impacts. The pathology reviews by SUR were concordant for 996 (81·9%) cases, discordant for 186 (15·3%), and inconclusive for 34 (2·8%). The major cause of discordance was inadequate immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of discordance markedly decreased over time (from 40% to 10%). The cause of the improvement is multifactorial: training of two CWTH pathologists at SUR, better immunohistochemical staining, and the ongoing clinical and pathologic telemedicine activities. The partnership yielded 12 publications, six posters, and three oral presentations by CWTH investigators.

Interpretation

The exchange of knowledge and expertise across continental boundaries meaningfully improved the diagnoses and management of pediatric cancer at CWTH.
PDGF‐BB‐enriched collagen matrix to treat multiple gingival recessions with the tunneled coronally advanced flap
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Giannobile William V. , Tavelli Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

Background

With technological advancements in reconstructive periodontology, traditional protocols for the treatment of gingival recessions (GRs) can be challenged. This manuscript presents preliminary findings of a novel minimally‐invasive approach for the regenerative treatment of multiple adjacent GR defects.

Methods

Two healthy adults were treated as part of this study. Multiple adjacent GRs in both subjects (1 in the mandible, and 1 in the maxilla) were treated employing a tunneled coronally advanced flap (TCAF) design, with the application of a cross‐linked collagen matrix (CCM) that was enriched with recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) that was also applied on the prepared root surfaces. Clinical, ultrasonographic, esthetic, and patient‐reported outcomes were observed at approximately 6‐ and 18‐month time points.

Results

All sites healed uneventfully after the treatments. Complete root coverage was achieved and maintained throughout the follow‐up observations, from 6 to 18 months. Patients reported minimal discomfort and reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity at the augmented sites. The areas augmented with CCM + PDGF‐BB revealed an increased soft tissue thickness relative to baseline (pretreatment) measures, as well as reduction in the level of the facial bone dehiscences.

Conclusion

This article describes the success of two cases of a novel minimally invasive regenerative approach for the treatment of multiple adjacent GR defects by the TCAF, using a CCM loaded with PDGF‐BB. This approach offers potential as a minimally‐invasive method to repair multiple adjacent GRs.
A spatial augmented reality based circuit experiment and comparative study with the conventional one
Authors: Pan Zhigeng , Wang Zihan , Yuan Qingshu , Meng Qianyu , Liu Jiaxin , Shou Kailiang , Sun Xiaoyan
Published: June 2022

How to intuitively illustrate phenomena while retaining good operation experiences is a key issue in experimental learning. Virtual experiments with desktop environments, handheld devices, or headsets can show invisible phenomena for students. However, they are either visuo‐tactile inconsistent in space or with heavy physical burdens, causing bad experiences. A spatial augmented reality (SAR) based circuit experiment is developed. It allows students to interact with 3D (three dimensional) printed tangible objects without wearing any devices, having low physical burdens. Objects' poses are tracked using Microsoft Azure Kinect and inertial measurement unit. Virtual phenomena are projected onto the tangible objects and tabletop accordingly. Physical input and virtual output space are completely fused from students' view. It also offers efficient operation manners to students. A questionnaire comparing user experiences between the SAR and conventional experiment reveals that the former has a better learning experience.
Parallel‐branch network for 3D human pose and shape estimation in video
Authors: Wu Yuanhao , Wang Chenxing
Published: June 2022

Human pose and shape estimation have developed rapidly, where a skinned multi‐person linear (SMPL) approach performs excellent recently. However, the prior template of the human body in the SMPL model is fixed, thus a deviation may be resulted in the reconstructed body shape if a human body acts sharp movements such as sporting or dancing. To address this problem, we propose a parallel‐branch network including a designed spatial–temporal (ST) branch and a SMPL branch. The ST branch essentially performs the 2D‐to‐3D lifting for more accurate joint prediction, by the designed spatial transformer and temporal transformer. The 3D joints from the ST branch are used to supervise the 3D joints from the SMPL branch and further correct the deviation of the SMPL model. Experiments on some popular benchmarks like 3DPW and MPI‐INF‐3DHP show that our method has better performance than other methods with video input. Our code is available athttps://automation.seu.edu.cn/wcx/list.htm
Novel Hydrazono‐2‐Iminothiazolidin‐4‐Ones Based on a Monoterpenic Skeleton as Potential Antitumor Agents: Synthesis, DFT Studies, in Vitro Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Inducing Properties and Molecular Docking
Authors: Fawzi Mourad , Oubella Ali , El Mansouri Az‐Eddine , Bimoussa Abdoullah , Ketatni El Mostafa , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen , Ait Itto Moulay Youssef , Morjani Hamid , Auhmani Aziz
Published: June 2022

A series of novel 2‐iminothiazolidin‐4‐one analogs have been synthesized from limonaketone, and structurally characterized by HR‐MS, 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy techniques, and the structure of compound 4 was elucidated by XRD. The newly synthesized products were biologically evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines HT‐1080, A549, and MCF‐7. Thiazolidinones 9 and 10 were the most active compounds in HT‐1080 cell lines (IC50=15.85±1.75 and 16.13±1.55 μM, respectively). The apoptosis induction of the derivatives 9 and 10 were studied using annexin V staining, caspase‐3/7 activity and cell cycle analysis. Compound 10 showed the highest ability of apoptosis induction and caspase‐3/7 activation associated with S‐phase growth arrest in HT‐1080. Meanwhile, compound 9 has a moderate apoptotic effect and G0/G1‐phase arrest in the after‐mentioned cell. The molecular docking suggested that compounds 9 and 10 formed stable ligand‐caspase‐3 complexes. Besides, the presence of phenyl moiety in ligand 10 is responsible for the enhancement of the caspase‐3 activation by the apparition of two additional hydrogen bonds with Cys163 and Gln161amino acids.
The Role of Vacancies in a Ti2CTx MXene‐Derived Catalyst for Butane Oxidative Dehydrogenation
Authors: Ronda‐Lloret M. , Slot T. K. , van Leest N. P. , de Bruin B. , Sloof W. G. , Batyrev E. , Sepúlveda‐Escribano A. , Ramos‐Fernandez E. V. , Rothenberg G. , Shiju N. R.
Published: June 2022

MXenes are a new family of 2D carbides or nitrides that have attracted attention due to their layered structure, tunable surface groups and high electrical conductivity. Here, we report for the first time that the Ti2CTx MXene catalyses the selective oxidative dehydrogenation of n‐butane to butenes and 1,3‐butadiene. This catalyst showed higher intrinsic activity compared to a commercial TiC and TiO2 samples in terms of C4 olefin formation rate. We propose that the stabilisation of structural vacancies and the change in composition (from a carbide to a mixed phase oxide) in the MXene causes its higher catalytic activity. These vacancies can lead to a higher concentration of unpaired electrons in the MXene‐derived material, enhancing its nucleophilic properties and favouring the production of olefins.
Emerging leaders: Leadership development experiences of counselor education doctoral students
Authors: DeDiego Amanda C. , Chan Christian D. , Basma Dareen
Published: June 2022

Counselor educators often serve in leadership roles in professional organizations. These leadership activities often begin as graduate students through leadership development programs (e.g., Emerging Leaders) within professional counseling organizations. This basic interpretive qualitative study explored leadership development experiences of 24 counselor education doctoral students yielding themes informing leadership development.
Machine Learning Prediction of Structure‐Performance Relationship in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yang Li‐Cheng , Zhu Lu‐Jing , Zhang Shuo‐Qing , Hong Xin
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Data‐driven approach has emerged as a powerful strategy in the construction of structure‐performance relationships in organic synthesis. To close the gap between mechanistic understanding and synthetic prediction, we have made efforts to implement mechanistic knowledge in machine learning modelling of organic transformation, as a way to achieve accurate predictions of reactivity, regio‐ and stereoselectivity. We have constructed a comprehensive and balanced computational database for target radical transformations (arene C—H functionalization and HAT reaction), which laid the foundation for the reactivity and selectivity prediction. Furthermore, we found that the combination of computational statistics and physical organic descriptors offers a practical solution to build machine learning structure‐performance models for reactivity and regioselectivity. To allow machine learning modelling of stereoselectivity, a structured database of asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins was built, and we designed a chemical heuristics‐based hierarchical learning approach to effectively use the big data in the early stage of catalysis screening. Our studies reflect a tiny portion of the exciting developments of machine learning in organic chemistry. The synergy between mechanistic knowledge and machine learning will continue to generate a strong momentum to push the limit of reaction performance prediction in organic chemistry.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

Based on my study experience in Prof. Houk's lab and Prof. Nørskov's lab, my major idea since the beginning of my lab is to combine the key design principles of homogeneous catalysis (transition state model) and heterogeneous (scaling relationship) catalysis. This idea eventually evolved to our explorations of mechanism‐based machine learning in organic chemistry.

How do you supervise your students?

I try my best to give them enough space and freedom, so they can experience the joy in chemistry research.

What are your hobbies?

I enjoy science fiction movies and novels.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Chemistry has unlimited frontiers. Targeting a hardcore question, developing someone's own approach is the most important merit in fundamental scientific research.

How do you keep balance between research and family?

Work‐life balance is certainly one of the biggest challenges for junior faculty. I try to work in fragmented time, so I would be available for both my family and my students.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

My high‐school experience in Chemistry Olympiad has influenced me dramatically, which cultivated my independent learning ability to tackle new questions. This has helped me a lot throughout my career.
Metal‐Free Visible‐Light‐Induced Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition Reaction of Alkenes/Alkynes with ICH2CN
Authors: Pan Chunxiang , Meng Yunyan , Deng Yao , Zhou Bingjie , Chen Jingchao , He Zhenxiu , Sun Weiqing , Khan Ruhima , Fan Baomin
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

New blue‐light promoted methods for the addition of iodoacetonitrile (ICH2CN) to alkene/alkynes have been developed. The reaction led to the formation of cyanoalkylated products when conjugated alkene/styrene was used. In the case of alkynes and non‐conjugated alkenes, iodoalkylation takes place furnishing the corresponding alkenyl iodides and alkyl iodides, respectively. Notably, trans‐alkenyl iodides were obtained as the major product. A plausible reaction mechanism is also proposed.
Self‐assembly Behavior of Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Zhuoying , Peng Shaomin , Lin Fan , Wang Pengfei , Xing Guichuan , Yu Lin
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The self‐assembled metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystal superlattices have attracted many researchers due to their exceptional optical and electrical properties. The bottom‐up self‐assembly can be facile to generate ideal and periodic structures. The superlattices’ stability can be improved and the photoluminescence lifetime can be extended by an order of magnitude. However, due to lack of a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the internal interactions on self‐assembled processes now, superlattices cannot be obtained controllably and play full use of their advantages. Therefore, gaining a deep insight of interaction forces about self‐assemblies is the premise of designing and controlling the degree of self‐assembly so as to prepare ideal materials. In this review, the definitions and functions of driving forces including van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds are discussed. Subsequently, we aim to explore the dominant factors affecting the driving forces, which can make a difference in the process of MHP self‐assembly. Based on current researches, we emphasize on three aspects−the core of nanocrystals, surface ligands and solvents−to clarify their critical roles in controlling the driving forces. Finally, the outlooks and perspectives of how to facilitate the MHP self‐assembly and their application on blue light emitting diodes are discussed.
Modeling social network behavior spread based on group cohesion under uncertain environment
Authors: Li Weimin , Deng Zhibin , Zhou Xiaokang , Jin Qun , Sheng Bin
Published: June 2022

Behavior is autonomous, convergent, and uncertain, which brings challenges to the modeling of social network behavior spread. In this article, we propose a behavior spread model based on group cohesion under uncertain environments. First, for behavioral convergence, we define group cohesion to quantify the convergent effects of group. Second, based on the game theory to model the autonomy of behavior, according to the characteristics of the game payoffs changing with time and the depth of spread, and integrating group cohesion, a dynamic game payoffs calculation method is designed. Finally, aiming at the uncertainty of behavior, a group behavior spread model based on random utility theory is established. Experiments on multiple real social network behavior spread datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in modeling and predicting behavior spread processes under uncertain environments.
Incorporating Near‐Pseudocapacitance Insertion Ni/Co‐Based Hexacyanoferrate and Low‐Cost Metallic Zn for Aqueous K‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Ping , Huang Zhen , Zhang Wenwei , Liu Chang , Liu Gangyuan , Huang Meng , Xiao Yao , Luo Hongyu , Qu Zhuo , Dong Shijie , Xia Lu , Tang Han , An Qinyou
Published: June 2022

The limited availability of cathode materials with high specific capacity and significant cycling stability for aqueous K‐ion batteries (AKIBs) hinder their further development owing to the large radius of K+ (1.38 Å). Prussian blue and its analogs with a three‐dimensional frame structure possessing special energy storage mechanism are promising candidates as cathode materials for AKIBs. In this study, K0.2Ni0.68Co0.77Fe(CN)6 ⋅ 1.8H2O (KNCHCF) was prepared as a cathode material for AKIBs. Both the electrochemical activity of Co ions and the near‐pseudocapacitance intercalation of KNCHCF enhance K+ storage. Therefore, KNCHCF exhibits a superior capacity maintenance rate of 86 % after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 3.0 A g−1. The storage mechanism of K+ in AKIBs was revealed through ex situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Moreover, the assembled K−Zn hybrid battery showed good cycling stability with 93.1 % capacity maintenance at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles and a high energy density of 96.81 W h kg−1. Hence, KNCHCF may be a potential material for the development of AKIBs.
CD200 expression on Sezary cells: A valuable tool for flow cytometric assessment of peripheral blood T‐cell neoplasms
Authors: Shameli Afshin , Roshan Tariq M.
Published: June 2022

Background

CD200 (OX‐2) is a valuable marker in the diagnosis of B‐cell neoplasms and is commonly used in the screening panels for assessment of peripheral blood B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders. However, there is limited understanding about CD200 expression in T‐cell neoplasms. A previous study has shown that CD200 is expressed on the neoplastic cells of angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) by immunohistochemistry, but no study has evaluated CD200 expression in T‐cell neoplasms by flow cytometry.

Methods

We assessed CD200 expression in peripheral blood T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders by retrospective analysis of our institutional flow cytometry screening database over a 6‐year period.

Results

In addition to AITL, we identified CD200 expression in a significant number of mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome cases (58%, 19 of 33 samples), while most other T‐cell neoplasms were negative for CD200. These findings were confirmed by CD200 immunohistochemical staining of tissue specimens from our patient cohort.

Conclusions

CD200 is commonly expressed on circulating Sezary cells, a feature that can potentially improve the diagnostic value of flow cytometry for assessment of T‐cell neoplasms.
Petrographic and geochemical constraints on the formation of gravity‐defying speleothems
Authors: Immenhauser Adrian , Hoffmann Rene , Riechelmann Sylvia , Mueller Mathias , Scholz Dennis , Voigt Stefan , Niggemann Stefan , Buhl Dieter , Dornseif Maximilian , Platte Alexander
Published: June 2022

Cave carbonates, seemingly growing in defiance of gravity, have attracted the community's interest for more than a century. This paper focusses on ‘helictites’, contorted vermiform speleothems with central capillaries. Petrographic, crystallographic and geochemical data of calcitic and aragonitic helictites (recent to 347 ka) from three caves in Western Germany are placed in context with previous work. Aragonitic helictites from one site, the Windloch Cave, form exceptionally large and complex structures that share similarities with the celebrated helictite arrays in the Asperge Cave in France. Aragonitic and calcitic helictites differ significantly in their crystal fabrics and internal geometry. Calcitic helictites are best described as a composite crystal fabric consisting of fibrous mesocrystals. Aragonite helictites display a complex fabric of acicular to platy crystals, some of which show evidence for growth‐twinning and perhaps crystallisation via a monoclinal precursor stage. The micro‐tomographic characterisation of several orders of channels and their complex architecture raises important questions regarding fluid migration and helictite architecture. In terms of their isotope geochemistry, helictites are depleted in 13C to various degrees, isotope values that are controlled by the mixing of fluids and mineralogy‐related fractionation. Regarding their δ18O values, most helictites overlap with other calcitic and aragonitic speleothems. Previous models explaining the twisted morphology of helictites are discussed from the viewpoint of fluid migration and CO2 degassing rates, mineralogy and helictite petrography. For the complex aragonitic helicities documented here, the most likely mechanisms to explain the contorted growth forms include the internal capillary network combined with localised (sector) growth at the helictite tip. The morphologically simpler calcitic helictites are best explained by capillary and surface flow. Future work should include geomicrobiology to assess the significance of induced mineralisation and transmission electron microscopy analysis to more quantitatively assign crystallographic properties.
The alprazolam analogue 4′‐chloro deschloroalprazolam identified in seized capsules
Authors: Trigg Sheena , Wells Jason M. , McGann Jasmine , Bock Soeren , Holman Adam , Harrison Stephen M. , Goh Ching Yong , Moggach Stephen A. , Brown David H.
Published: June 2022

New designer benzodiazepines continue to be identified in the illicit drug market. In December 2021, eight capsules were submitted to ChemCentre for analysis. The samples were analysed by a range of analytical techniques including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS, low and high resolution), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, which identified the main component of the capsules to be 4′‐chloro deschloroalprazolam, a new designer benzodiazepine. Alarmingly, the mass spectral data for this alprazolam analogue were very similar to that of alprazolam, such that misidentification could be possible. A minor component of the capsules was also partially characterised, it is believed to be the synthetic precursor 4′‐chloro deschloronordiazepam. The information provided in this paper includes ways to discriminate these analogues from alprazolam and nordiazepam which will enable other laboratories to identify these new drugs.