bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keragaman Fenotipik Buah dan Daya Perkecambahan Benih Swietenia macrophylla King. dari Beberapa Populasi di Indonesia
Authors: - Mashudi , Adinugraha Hamdan Adma , Setiadi Dedi , Susanto Mudji
Published: September 2017

Mahoni daun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla King) merupakan salah satu jenis yang banyak dikembangkan pada hutan tanaman maupun hutan rakyat. Meskipun jenis ini bukan jenis asli Indonesia tapi dilaporkan memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi morfologi buah dan benih S. macrophylla serta daya perkecambahannya dari beberapa populasi di Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan asal populasi dan pohon induk sebagai perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya variasi antar populasi dan pohon induk pada karakter berat buah, panjang buah, diameter buah, jumlah biji dalam satu buah serta daya berkecambahnya kecuali jumlah benih per kilogram. Rerata berat buah setiap populasi berkisar antara 275-385 g, panjang buah 12-15 cm, diameter buah 7-9 cm, jumlah biji per buah 59-64 butir, dan daya berkecambah 44-96%. Rerata berat buah per pohon induk berkisar antara 153-490 g, panjang buah 10-20 cm, diameter buah 6-10 cm, dan jumlah biji per buah 52-69 butir. Fenotipik buah S. macrophylla beragam antar populasi dengan daya erkecambah benih terbaik ditunjukkan oleh populasi Lombok Tengah dan Banjar sebesar 86-96%.Kata kunci: daya berkecambah; keragaman fenotipik; morfologi buah; Swietenia macrophylla Variation of Fruits Phenotipic and Seeds Germination of Swietenia macrophylla King. Taken from Several Populations in IndonesiaAbstractBroad leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) is one of popular species developed in the state forest plantations and smallholder forest. Although it is not native in Indonesia, but the species has high genetic diversity. This study was conducted to determine the morphological variation of fruits, seeds, and also seeds germination of broad leaf mahogany from several populations in Java and West Nusa Tenggara. The research was arranged in completely randomized design with native populations and parent trees as treatments. The results showed significant variations between the populations and parent trees on fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds in the fruit, and seeds germination rate except the number of seeds per kilogram. The average per population of fruit weight ranged from 275 to 385 g, fruit lengths from 12 to 15 cm, fruit diameter from 7 to 9 cm, the number of seeds per fruit 59 to 64 grains and 44 - 96 % of seeds germination rate. The average per parent trees of fruit weight ranged from 153 to 490 g, fruit lengths from 10 to 20 cm, fruit diameter from 6 to 10 cm, and the number of seeds per fruit 52 to 69 grains. Fruit phenotipic of S. macrophylla varies between populations with the best seed germination indicated by the populations of Central Lombok, Bantul and Banjar amounted to 86-96%.
Is Chronic Dialysis the Right Hard Renal End Point To Evaluate Renoprotective Drug Effects?
Authors: Weldegiorgis Misghina , de Zeeuw Dick , Dwyer Jamie P. , Mol Peter , Heerspink Hiddo J.L.
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives

RRT and doubling of serum creatinine are considered the objective hard end points in nephrology intervention trials. Because both are assumed to reflect changes in the filtration capacity of the kidney, drug effects, if present, are attributed to kidney protection. However, decisions to start RRT are not only on the basis of filtration capacity of the kidney, but also on other factors. We therefore compared the time to RRT with the time to a fixed eGFR threshold and assessed the effect of the renoprotective drug irbesartan on both components.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Post hoc analysis of two clinical trials, the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT) and Reduction of End points in Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan Trial, in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. The time to a predefined eGFR level of 11 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (eGFR11), calculated by within-patient linear regression, was compared with the time to RRT or sustained serum creatinine ≥6 mg/dl.

Results

A large difference was observed in the median time to RRT (779 days) compared with eGFR11 (678 days; P=0.01). We also observed a large variation in the difference between the time to RRT and eGFR11. In IDNT, the hazard ratio for the effect of irbesartan on the serum creatinine ≥6.0 mg/dl end point was 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.39 to 0.91; P=0.02), whereas it was smaller for the RRT end point (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 1.07; P=0.12).

Conclusions

This study shows a difference in the time to RRT and a fixed eGFR threshold, and shows that the effect of an angiotensin receptor blocker on a filtration-based end point versus RRT varies. This implies that evaluating renoprotective effects of drugs with a combined RRT and doubling of serum creatinine end point may result in evaluating other effects beyond renoprotection alone. Future trials should consider registering all parameters that lead to RRT decisions.
Of Color Lines and Race Lines: John Marshall Harlan, W.E.B. Du Bois, and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in a Colorblind Regime
Authors: Hutchison Phillip
Published: September 2017

The life of the first Justice Harlan has been the subject of myriad studies, largely inspired by his declaration “Our Constitution is color-blind,” which appeared in his storied dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson. This article interrogates unaddressed angles of his dissent that, when given proper attention, can deliver fruitful insights into his intentions behind the colorblind metaphor. The focus is primarily trained upon Harlan’s concept of the “race line,” which he referenced twice in his dissent. Placing this “race line” up against the colorblind Constitution will reveal that he purposed to keep whites educationally and financially dominant “for all time” by means of (colorblind) legal racial equality. The article delves further into the race line by juxtaposing it with W.E.B. Du Bois’s notion of the “color line,” which was voiced at the same moment of Plessy.
IMPROVEMENT OF MICROMERITIC, COMPRESSIBILITY AND SOLUBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF LINEZOLID BY CRYSTALLO-CO-AGGLOMERATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Kadam Atul M. , Patil Shitalkumar S.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The purpose of current study was to improve physicochemical properties such as micrometric, compressibility and solubility of linezolid (LNZ) by preparing crystallo-co-agglomerates (CCA) in the presence of polymer for the enhancement of overall physicochemical performance.Methods: The process of agglomeration involves the use of dichloromethane (DCM) as a good solvent and chloroform as bridging liquid were used to prepare agglomerates. Agglomerates were characterised in the solid state using several techniques such as Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRPD) The agglomerates obtained were evaluated for micrometric, mechanical, deformation, compressibility and drug release properties.Results: It was found that micrometric properties and dissolution characteristics of agglomerates were significantly improved than that of pure linezolid. Solubility was found to be increased than pure linezolid. The solubility of crystallo co-agglomerates was found an increase in 5 fold 3 fold and 3.7 fold for PVPK30 (0.5%), PVPK30 (0.25%) and PVPK30 (0.75%) respectively. The angle of repose for all batches was found between 22 ° to 30 °Carrs index was between 12.27±0.6 to 18.73±0.4 and Hausners ratio Near to 1, indicated good flow ability of agglomerates. The time required for drug release over a period of 60 min, is as LA1>LA2>LA3. LA3 shows fast drug release than LA1 and LA2, due to solubilization of drug due to more concentration of PVPK30 and less concentration of talc.Conclusion: Based on the above results, it was revealed that CCA of linezolid prepared with DCM and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose)/PEG (Polyethylene glycol)/PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone) K30 exhibited improved micrometric properties, compressibility and in addition to improving solubility and dissolution rate.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BAMIFYLLINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Ravisankar Panchumarthy , Sulthana Shaheem , Thanuja Inturi Mary , Chowdary A. Dihitha , Vyshnavi J.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The objective of the current study was to develop and validate a novel RP-HPLC method for determination of bamifylline hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: Chromatographic separation was conducted on Agilent technologies-1260 series with the G1311C quaternary pump, eclipse XDB C18 column (4.6 mm i.d. X 250 mm, 5 µm particle sizes) and equipped with photodiode array detector G1315D. Mobile phase consisted of methanol and acetonitrile were mixed in the ratio of 90:10 v/v, was used at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection wavelength was set at 263 nm.Results: The retention time for bamifylline hydrochloride was found to be 2.913 min. The calibration was linear (r2= 0.9996) in the concentration range of 2-10 µg/ml. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were found to be 0.4825 μg/ml and 1.4621 µg/ml respectively. Recovery of bamifylline hydrochloride in tablet formulation was observed in the range of 99.6-99.8 %. Percentage assay of bamifylline hydrochloride (Bamifix) was found to be 99.4 % w/w.Conclusion: Thus the novel proposed method for bamifylline hydrochloride was found to be feasible for the estimation of bamifylline hydrochloride in bulk as well as a pharmaceutical dosage form.
DEVELOPMENT AND STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR DAPAGLIFLOZIN IN API AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Verma Mitali V. , Patel Chirag J. , Patel M. M.
Published: September 2017

Objective: To develop precise, accurate and reproducible stability assay method by RP-HPLC for estimation of dapagliflozin in API and pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: The adequate separation was carried using agilent C18 (4.6 ml (millimeter)*150,5 µm (micromiter), mixture of acetonitrile: di-potassium hydrogen phosphate with pH-6.5 adjusted with OPA (40:60 %v/v) as a mobile phase with the flow rate of 1 ml/min (milliliter/minute) and the effluent was monitored at 222 nm (nanometer) using photo diode array detector. The retention time of dapagliflozin API and dapagliflozin tablet were 3.160 min (minute) and 3.067 min (minute) respectively.Results: Linearity for dapagliflozin was found in the range of 50-150µg/ml (microgram/milliliter) (R2 = 0.99) respectively. The accuracy of the present method was evaluated at 50 %, 100% and 150%. The % recoveries of dapagliflozin API and tablet were found to be in the range of 99.00–99.99 % and 98.50–99.99 % respectively. Precision studies were carried out and the relative standard deviation values were less than two. The method was found to be robust.Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be specific, accurate, precise and robust can be used for estimation of dapagliflozin in API and Pharmaceutical dosage form.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING MEDICINAL PLANT ACALYPHA INDICA LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS APPLICATION AS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT AGAINST FOODBORNE PATHOGENS
Authors: Menon Soumya , Agarwal Happy , Kumar S. Rajesh , Kumar S. Venkat
Published: September 2017

Objective: In the present study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by traditionally used medicinal plant Acalypha indica, which was characterized using various advanced tools, and its antioxidant as well as antimicrobial properties, was studied against food pathogens.Methods: The synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles from the leaf extracts were monitored with the characterization of silver nanoparticles with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optimized time for the synthesis of nanoparticles was 3 h, followed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface emission microscopy analysis (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDX). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, while antifungal activity was performed against food pathogens by measuring the zone of inhibition values (ZOI).Results: The Ag nanoparticle produced, have an average particle size of 34 nm with a spherical shape, analyzed from the XRD studies, and size was confirmed with the SEM and TEM analysis. The FTIR analysis gave information about the possible compounds adsorbed on the surface of the Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles had good reducing power than the standard and the IC50 value for Ag nanoparticles was 5 mg/ml, while the standard taken had an IC50 value of nearly 6-7 mg/ml. The fungal strain A. fumigates showed ZOI of 133% at 75 µl of concentration proving that Ag nanoparticles can act effectively against this strain when compared to other strains even at low concentrations.Conclusion: The produced Ag nanoparticles can be used for its therapeutic purposes and for large-scale synthesis in food industries for food preservation or packaging.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION APIXABAN IN BULK AND TABLETS
Authors: Jain Hemant K. , Nikam Vishal K.
Published: September 2017

Objective: To develop a simple and sensitive, high-performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for the quantitative estimation of apixaban in bulk and tablets.Methods: Sample of apixaban was applied on silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates under pure nitrogen stream by linomat TLC applicator. Separation was carried out by using toluene, methanol and diethylamine as a mobile phase in a ratio of 16:3:1 v/v/v. Developed TLC plates were scanned by camag TLC scanner and detection was carried out at 288 nm.Results: Rf value of apixaban was found to be 0.4. The linearity was found from 50 to 350 ng/spot. The mean percentage recovery was found to be 85.66with % RSD of 0.79.Conclusion: The present study represents first HPTLC method that deals with the estimation of apixaban. Validation results indicated that the developed method is simple, rapid, accurate, specific, sensitive and precise. The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline by studying various validation parameters like accuracy, precision, specificity, assay, LOD and LOQ. It can be concluded that the method can be used in routine analysis of apixaban in tablet dosage form.
MODIFIED QUANTIFICATION THROUGH HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS FOR CANAGLIFLOZIN AND METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLETS USING ECOFRIENDLY GREEN SOLVENTS
Authors: Trivedi Aditya , Dixit Noopur , Jhade D. N.
Published: September 2017

Objective: An accurate, precise, specific modified High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of canagliflozin and metformin in bulk and dosage forms.Methods: A C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm; 5 µm Phenomenex) was used with mobile phase containing 0.05% v/v triethylamine (pH 6.5): acetonitrile (45:55% v/v) at 20 °C and isocratic pump was used for elution. The flow rate was maintained at 1.2 ml/min and eluents were monitored at 215 nm which is evaluated by sharp peak.Results: The retention times of canagliflozin and metformin were 3.4 min and 12.7 min respectively and showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 40-200 µg/ml of Canagliflozin have found a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and 10-50 µg/ml of Metformin with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The average percent recoveries were found to be 98.60% and 98.90% respectively for Canagliflozin and Metformin. The developed method follows all the validation parameters like accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation and solution stability.Conclusion: The proposed method was found to provide faster retention time with sharp resolution with linearity at a lowest concentration as compared to previous methods and this method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and successfully applied to the simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin and metformin in bulk and dosage forms. There was no such novel method for simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin and metformin. Hence the developed method is suitable for industrial analysis of Canagliflozin and metformin with eco-friendly,green and less expensive solvents
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF HYDROQUINONE IN BULK, MARKETED CREAM AND PREAPARED NLC FORMULATION
Authors: Kaur Sukhjinder , Kaur Taranjit , Kaur Gurdeep , Verma Shivani
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop a simple, rapid, accurate and economical UV-visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydroquinone (HQ) in its pure form, marketed formulation as well as in the prepared nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) systems and to validate the developed method.Methods: HQ was estimated at UV maxima of 289.6 nm in pH 5.5 phosphate buffer using UV-Visible double beam spectrophotometer. Following the guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), the method was validated for various analytical parameters like linearity, precision, and accuracy robustness, ruggedness, limit of detection, quantification limit, and formulation analysis.Results: The obtained results of the analysis were validated statistically. Recovery studies were performed to confirm the accuracy of the proposed method. In the developed method, linearity over the concentration range of 5-40 μg/ml of HQ was observed with the correlation coefficient of 0.998 and found in good agreement with Beer Lambert’s law. The precision (intra-day and inter-day) of the method was found within official RCD limits (RSD<2%).Conclusion: The sensitivity of the method was assessed by determining the limit of detection and limit of quantification. It could be concluded from the results obtained that the purposed method for estimation of HQ in pure form, in the marketed ointment and in the prepared NLC-formulation was simple, rapid, accurate, precise and economical. It can be used successfully in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and for the routine laboratory analysis.
RADITYA ISWANDANA, KURNIA SARI SETIO PUTRI, RANDIKA DWIPUTRA, TRYAS YANUARI, SANTI PURNA SARI, JOSHITA DJAJADISASTRA
Authors: Iswandana Raditya , Putri Kurnia Sari Setio , Dwiputra Randika , Yanuari Tryas , Sari Santi Purna , Djajadisastra Joshita
Published: September 2017

Objective: Drug delivery to the colon via oral route can be directly treated a variety of diseases in the colon, such as fibrosis. Tetrandrine is a drug that has anti-fibrosis effects. In this study, chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) beads containing tetrandrine was made and evaluated for in vitro release profile and in vivo targeted test.Methods: Chitosan-TPP tetrandrine beads were prepared by ionic gelation method with variation in sodium tripolyphosphate concentration: 3% (Formula 1), 4% (Formula 2), and 5% (Formula 3). All formulae were characterized for its morphology, particle size, moisture content, process efficiency, entrapment efficiency, thermal character, crystallinity, and swelling. Then, the best formula was coated with HPMCP HP-55, CAP, Eudragit L100-55, or Eudragit L100 prior to drug release profile in vitro and in vivo test.Results: Beads from all formulae had an average size: 920.50±0.04 µm, 942.21±0.08 µm, and 1085.95±0.03 µm; Water content: 7.28±0.003%, 5.64±0.005%, and 6.84±0.004%; Process efficiency: 29.70%, 28.96%, and 29.70%; Entrapment efficiency: 16.20±0.63%, 17.02±0.37%, and 20.42±0.70% for Formula 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition, the results of in vitro cumulative drug release were 67.36%, 76.04%, 83.12%, 83.21%, 40.16%, 37.98%, 45.86%, 41.71% for Formula 3A-3H, respectively.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Formula 3D (CAP 15%) was chosen as a formulation with the best in vitro profile. Moreover, the in vivo targeted test showed that Formula 3D was able to deliver the beads to the intestine compared to the control beads.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY SIMAROUBAGLAUCA AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: Chandrappa C. P. , Chandrasekar N. , Govindappa M. , Shanbhag Chaitra , Singh Uttam Kumar , Masarghal Jayashri
Published: September 2017

Objective: The present study outline the plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using leaf extract Simaroubaglauca, which act as both reducing and stabilizing agent.Methods: Formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by primarily by Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction studies revealed the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscopy was carried out to determine the mean particle size, as well as the morphology of the NPs and the composition of elements, was studied with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS).Results: The silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a mean size of 23 nm. The EDS showed strong optical absorption peak at 3keV and it was confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The synthesised AgNPs further utilized for the evaluation of antibacterial activity and shown significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and Klebsiella pneumonia at 50 µg/ml and 100µg/ml concentrations.Conclusion: The synthesised silver nanoparticles have been characterised by UV-vis, SEM-EDAX and XRD to determine the sizes and shapes of the silver nanoparticles.
STABILITY INDICATING HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF VILAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Athavia Birva A. , Dedania Zarna R. , Dedania Ronak R. , Swamy S. M. Vijayendra , Prajapati Chetana B.
Published: September 2017

Objective: The aim and objective of this study was to develop and validate Stability Indicating HPLC method for determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride.Methods: The method was carried out on a Phenomenex, C18 (250x4.6 mm, 5 µm) Column using a mixture of Acetonitrile: Water (50:50v/v), pH adjusted to 3.3 with Glacial Acetic Acid for separation. The flow rate was adjusted at 1 ml/min and Detection was carried out at 240 nm.Results: The retention time of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be 2.3 min. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the range 25-75µg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2=0.996). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 4.78µg/ml and 14.48µg/ml respectively. The % recovery of vilazodone hydrochloride was found to be in the range of 98.21±0.08 % to 99.07±0.64%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of vilazodone hydrochloride in marketed tablet formulation.Vilazodone Hydrochloride was subjected to forced degradation under Acidic, Alkaline, Oxidation, Dry Heat and Photolytic degradation conditions. Vilazodone hydrochloride showed 3.12% degradation under acidic condition, 4.78% under alkaline condition, 7.8% under oxidation condition, 3.53% under dry heat condition and 4.9% under photolytic condition.Acid degradation impurity was identified and characterised by LC-MS/MS was found to be 1-(4-Penten-1-yl) piperazine having molecular weight 154.253 (m/z 155.08) and Molecular Formula C9H18N2.Conclusion: A simple, precise, rapid and accurate Stability Indicating HPLC method has been developed and validated for the determination of Vilazodone Hydrochloride in presence of its degradation products as per the ICH Guidelines.
DEVELOPMENT OF BILAYER TABLETS FOR IMMEDIATE AND CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ALLICIN
Authors: Das Manoj Kr. , Sahu Bhanu P. , Hazarika Jahan Nur Rahman
Published: September 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate bilayer tablet for the immediate and controlled release of Allicin (Garlic Extract) for effective treatment of Hypertension.Methods: The immediate release layer was prepared by using super disintegrants-sodium starch glycolate and binder used xantham gum and the sustained release layer was prepared by using hydrophilic polymer like HPMC K 100 and PVP. Before preparation of the tablets, all the pre-formulation parameters were checked and the tablet of Allicin were prepared by direct compression method and was evaluated for physical characteristics like hardness, weight variation, drug content and friability. In vitro release of drug was performed USP type II dissolution test apparatus using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) as dissolution media and dissolution was continued for 8 hrs for the sustained release layer.Results: It was found that all the formulations were within the limit of the standard. The drug release of the tablet was in the range of 66%-83% in 8 h.Conclusion: It was concluded that the F4 formulation showed the optimum result as a bilayer tablet for the effective treatment of hypertension.
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GELATIN: A FUNCTIONAL BIOPOLYMER
Authors: Das Merina Paul , R. Suguna P. , Prasad Karpuram , Jv Vijaylakshmi , M Renuka
Published: September 2017

Objective: Gelatin is widely used biopolymer in various industries due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability properties. In the present study, gelatin was extracted from fish wastes, as an alternative source.Methods: This biopolymer was extracted from the scales of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. After extraction, the proximate analysis and physico-chemical analysis of the fish scale gelatin were carried out. This functional polymer was also characterized using different analytical methods, such as UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the evaluation of crystalline and surface morphology, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural determination.Results: The scales of L. rohita yield 24% (dry weight basis) of gelatin, indicating this fish species as potential source of gelatin. The proximate analysis determined was low moisture content (4.2%), ash (1.4%) and high protein (90%) content. The result of the study confirms the effectiveness of extraction method used.Conclusion: The fish scales of L. rohita are found to be a sustainable and renewable source of gelatin with desirable functionalities and it is the best alternative for mammalian gelatin in food and other industries.
EFFECT OF VARMAM THERAPY IN SANTHU VATHAM (OSTEO ARTHRITIS–KNEE JOINT)-A SINGLE CASE STUDY
Authors: R. Meena , S. Natarajan , C. Anbarasi , D. Muralidass S.
Published: September 2017

Santhu vatham is a vatha disease mentioned in the Siddha text book Yugi vaidhya chindhamani. The clinical features can be equated to osteo arthritis of knee joint. Varmam therapy is one of the external therapies mentioned in Siddha literature. A 68 y old male from chennai reported to the varmam, narambiyal matrum enbumurivu OPD of Siddha Central Research Institute (SCRI) on 2.5.2015 with chief complaints of pain and swelling in both knee joints since 5 y. He was given varmam therapy. Varma points are points where the pranan, ie, vital energy of our body is concentrated (residing). The treatment is given for 45 d for once in 2 d for 15 min. The pain was assessed using visual analogue score before and after treatment. The pain was markedly reduced after treatment. The range of movements of the knee joint was also improved.
COMPUTATIONAL IDENTIFICATION OF PUTATIVE DRUG TARGETS IN MALASSEZIA GLOBOSA BY SUBTRACTIVE GENOMICS AND PROTEIN CLUSTER NETWORK APPROACH
Authors: Subhashini Ramakrishnan , Jeyam Muthusamy
Published: September 2017

Objective: Yeast commonly causes superficial mycoses similar to the dermatophytes. Superficial mycoses were reported with an estimated incidence of ∼140,000,000 cases/year worldwide and most frequently caused by Malassezia globosa and Malassezia furfur. Treatment available for these conditions is limited and with side effects. Moreover, termination of the treatment may result in the reoccurrence of the disease. The objective of this research was to identify the putative drug targets using computational approaches.Methods: The analysis of genome sequence improves the understanding of diseases which leads to better treatment. Comparison of the genome of the pathogen with the host at the molecular level is suitable for performing the sequence based prediction of protein-protein interaction network, which also forms the basis of drug target identification leading to the discovery of new drugs for the improved treatment.Results: Out of 100 pathways of M. globosa, 95 were common to the host and 5 were unique to the pathogen. Total common and unique targets from common pathways are 1704 and 300, respectively. A unique target from unique pathways and 147 from common pathways were non-homologous targets. From this, 46 targets were screened out as essential and processed in the next phase to identify the clustered targets which resulted with three clusters based on their biological role and subcellular location.Conclusion: In this study, putative drug targets were identified in M. globosa using in silico approaches of subtractive genomics and cluster network which will help in the next level of drug discovery such as lead identification for the novel targets.
PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT, AND TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ANTHELMINTIC PLANTS OF NORTH-EAST INDIA
Authors: Swargiary Ananta , Nath Purobi , Basumatary Bihung , Brahma Dulur
Published: September 2017

Objective: Cynodon dactylon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Elaeocarpus floribundus and Acorus calamus are anthelmintic medicinal plants of north-east India. Due to its pharmacological properties, the present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and heavy metal content of the plants.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, proteins, and carbohydrates following standard protocols. The antioxidant potential of plants was studied by phosphomolybdate, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The heavy metal content was estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer 3110).Results: The result showed that the alcoholic extracts of the plant sample contain high quantity of proteins, carbohydrates, phenolics, and flavonoids. Antioxidant assays revealed appreciable free radical scavenging potential. The total antioxidant activity was highest in E. floribundus (62.48±1.53 µg/mg extract) while C. dactylon showed lowest (34.00±0.32 µg/mg extract). Similarly, DPPH and FRAP study also showed high in E. floribundus and lowest in H. rosa-sinensis and A. calamus. Elemental analysis of the plant extracts showed a high content of Mn in all the plants while Co was found to be lowest. The tested plants showed low levels of toxic elements.Conclusion: The high quantity of nutritional content and antioxidant property suggest that plants may be a good source of phytomedicine. Less quantity of toxic elements offers an opportunity to explore the medicinal application of the plants. However, further study needs to be carried out to know its mode of action.
Time-local unraveling of non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equations
Authors: Tilloy Antoine
Published: September 2017

Non-Markovian stochastic Schrödinger equations (NMSSE) are important tools in quantum mechanics, from the theory of open systems to foundations. Yet, in general, they are but formal objects: their solution can be computed numerically only in some specific cases or perturbatively. This article is focused on the NMSSE themselves rather than on the open-system evolution they unravel and aims at making them less abstract. Namely, we propose to write the stochastic realizations of linear NMSSE as averages over the solutions of an auxiliary equation with an additional random field. Our method yields a non-perturbative numerical simulation algorithm for generic linear NMSSE that can be made arbitrarily accurate for reasonably short times. For isotropic complex noises, the method extends from linear to non-linear NMSSE and allows to sample the solutions of norm-preserving NMSSE directly.
O que é uma linha de fuga? Consideração a partir do conto “A terceira margem do rio”, de Guimarães Rosa
Authors: Silva Moraes Daniel , Jardim Alex Fabiano
Published: September 2017

A proposta do texto é analisar o conto "A terceira margem do rio", de João Guimarães Rosa, publicado em 1962 no livro Primeiras estórias. Problematizamos o conto a partir de uma conversação com a filosofia de Gilles Deleuze, em especial o conceito de linhas de fuga. Para Deleuze, ‘fugir’ é um ato que nos conduz a um novo modo de vida. Enquanto ato de coragem, ‘fugir’ possui o sentido de romper com o que é estabelecido. Dessa maneira, podemos pensar o ato do pai que abandona absolutamente tudo e se implica com o rio como a desterritorialização maior e mais radical. Uma sorte de delírio que faz com que um homem simples traia seu próprio tempo e história; desvia seu rosto dos antigos códigos, abandonando aquilo que o "prendia à terra", para experimentar um outro devir.
Interpretar? Deslocar, multiplicar (Nietzsche, Foucault e o sentido em Deleuze)
Authors: Costa Malufe Annita
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo discorre acerca das mudanças no conceito de sentido efetuadas por alguns pensamentos filosóficos que se deram na esteira da revolução operada por Friedrich Nietzsche; enfocaremos aqui sobretudo as filosofias de Michel Foucault e Gilles Deleuze, a partir da ideia, proposta por Foucault, de uma “hermenêutica moderna”. O objetivo é destacar a problematização do ato de interpretar, tendo no horizonte os deslocamentos que essas novas posturas diante do sentido acarretam para a leitura crítica do texto literário no contemporâneo.
Two souls, two subjects: are the interests of body and soul the same?
Authors: Пивоев Василий , Pivoev Vasilii
Published: September 2017

Who is the originator of sin, the body or the soul? Does the body present the subject or only the obedient object of the soul manipulation? Does the body have its own interests that do not coincide with the goals and meanings of human life? From what point of view and in what respect does the body consider being subject? The essence of the person is associated with two unequal actors, whose interests may differ and even be opposite. Time and the rhythms of existence can also be different, since the body spends more energy than the soul, and time is a waste of energy. The deeds of the body are deterministic ("the selfish gene"), whereas the behavior of the soul does not always have any connection with reason. The distinction between the two entities allows expressing the assumption that man has two souls. One soul (ego) belongs to the body and is associated with the genetic information of the parents, the other connects to the body of the baby in the womb, coming from another, spiritual world. The soul is mortal, and the soul of the spirit after the body death leaves it and continues to exist in another world, waiting for a new incarnation.
On the essential characteristics of the phenomenon of giftedness
Authors: Ивлева Марина , Ivleva Marina
Published: September 2017

The article poses and solves the problem of a general methodological character, topical for modern psychological knowledge - the conceptual design of the notion of giftedness. The solution of this problem will allow to create an integral system of investigation of the phenomenon of giftedness, which could adequately reflect its qualitative uniqueness. The hypothesis of the research was that the task could be solved by using a number of cognitive procedures, in particular, such as analyzing the conceptual apparatus, identifying the boundaries of the phenomenon of giftedness, and highlighting the basic approaches to its cognition. The chosen hybrid methodology that includes elements of logical and semantic analysis, made it possible to establish that the notion of giftedness reflects, on the one hand, not a fully theoretically reflected understanding of the essential characteristics of giftedness, and, on the other hand, established in the psychology numerous and diverse ideas about this phenomenon. Due to the existence of a number of related concepts, the boundaries of the concept analyzed in the article appear to be blurred, which makes the task of detailed analysis of the semantic structure of giftedness significant, while giftedness itself consists of the list of defining characteristics proposed by the author. This approach has a serious heuristic potential, allows us to identify the reasons for the diversity of approaches to the study of giftedness as an integrated system, and thus significantly expand the possibilities of its cognition. The approaches identified in the research result in different interpretations of giftedness, its nature and structure. This fact confirmed the assumption that the existence of a huge number of theories of giftedness is a consequence of not only diverse manifestations of the phenomenon of giftedness. We should talk about the differences between the philosophical foundations of these approaches.
Percurso de formação inicial e continuada: projetos interdisciplinares realizados no PIBID (Initial and continued training course: interdisciplinary projects done in PIBID)
Authors: Frison Lourdes Maria Bragagnolo , Leite Vanessa Caldeira , Ribeiro Barcellos Cátia Simone
Published: September 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo explicitar a complexa dinâmica da construção dos projetos interdisciplinares desenvolvidos em escolas municipais, com foco nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental da Educação Básica, realizados por bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). As ações interdisciplinares foram planejadas semanalmente, sob a orientação de um coordenador de área nas escolas em que o Pibid atua, com a presença dos supervisores e alunos bolsistas do Pibid de iniciação à docência pertencentes a diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Como metodologia foram realizadas visitas in loco nas escolas, durante as quais coletamos dados com o grupo interdisciplinar, realizamos observações sobre o processo de elaboração do projeto e coletamos avaliações do que já fora realizado, além de pesquisar os relatórios elaborados pelos grupos. Constatamos que muitas foram as diferenças e similaridades entre os grupos organizados em cada escola, bem como, as dificuldades e obstáculos encontrados ao longo do processo. Inferimos que o trabalho coletivo, sob a lógica interdisciplinar, tem causado grande impacto na formação inicial, promovendo um novo olhar sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem.
Projeto PIDIB e “ser” professor: um processo construtivo (PIBID project and “to be” a teacher: a constructive process)
Authors: Souza Viviane Cristina Pavanetti de , Cunha Virginia Mara Prospero da , Felicio Camila Fornaciari , Faria Jose Ronivan de
Published: September 2017

PIBID é um programa criado com objetivo de incentivar a formação docente para a educação básica,buscando oportunizar o aprendizado do SER professor oportunizando aos alunos de licenciatura experiências praticas por meio da atuação em projetos nas escolas da rede publicas contando com o auxilio de um professor coordenador. Deste modo o programa busca elevar a qualidade da formação inicial de professores nos cursos de licenciatura e mobilizar professores da rede pública de ensino como conformadores dos futuros docentes. Portanto o PIBID está diretamente ligado ao SER professor, quando se fala das experiências, aprendizado e oportunidades. O presente estudo possui como objetivo verificar qual significado do SER professor para os alunos do ultimo anode licenciatura do curso educação física que participam do PIBID. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, a amostra foi composta de 23 alunos. Como instrumento, foi aplicado um questionário. Após os questionários respondidos, foram feitas as análises dos dados e tabulados em formas de gráficos buscando apoio na literatura. Os resultados obtidos foram semelhantes aos da literatura, no qual existe uma ligação direta ao objetivo do programa PIBID que é aformação de professor.
O Pibid pedagogia na formação inicial e contínua de professores: considerações a partir dos diários de campo (The PIBID pedagogy in the initial and continuous education of teachers: considerations from the field diaries)
Authors: De Sá Gomes Novaes Thais , Da Silva Cabral Carolinne , Dos Santos Gabriella Maria
Published: September 2017

O Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) é uma política pública educacional para aperfeiçoamento e valorização da formação de professores. Tal programa se concretiza na inserção de estudantes de licenciaturas no contexto de escolas públicas em que, orientados por um coordenador e um supervisor, participam das situações diárias da escola, desenvolvendo atividades didático-pedagógicas. A presente investigação apresenta como tema a relação entre as ações do Pibid e a formação inicial e contínua de professores para atuação profissional na docência. A questão que norteou a investigação é: qual o impacto do Pibid na formação inicial e contínua dos participantes do programa? Para tanto, foram analisados os diários de campo – registro realizado pelas bolsistas durante a permanência no mesmo – a fim de identificar depoimentos que materializassem as contribuições do programa na formação docente. A pesquisa, configurou-se como qualitativa e de fonte documental. Apesar de o Pibid ser um programa extracurricular que não compreende a totalidade dos estudantes de licenciatura, os dados obtidos permitem inferir que ele representa uma importante ação governamental no sentido de melhorar a qualidade da formação de professores e, consequentemente, da educação.
PIBID-diversidade: construção de bases epistemológicas na formação de professores indígenas (PIBID-diversity: construction of epistemological bases in the formation of indigenous teachers)
Authors: Nazareno Elias
Published: September 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar parte dos resultados alcançados pelo Pibid-Diversidade da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) entre os anos de 2011 e 2017. Por meio da abordagem intercultural crítica e da decolonialidade, a articulação entre o Estágio e os Projetos Extraescolares do Curso de Educação Intercultural Indígena (CEII) mostrou-se como uma estratégia acertada em relação aos seguintes objetivos: possibilitar a construção de uma Educação Escolar Indígena diferenciada; permitir a aproximação de diferentes formas de saber, a Ocidental e a Indígena; auxiliar na conformação dos Projetos Políticos Pedagógicos (PPPs), das matrizes curriculares e de novas práticas pedagógicas decoloniais nas escolas indígenas. O Pibid-Diversidade foi fundamental no fomento desses objetivos.
Um Olhar para os Portfólios produzidos pelo PIBID/UNIFEI (A look at portfolios produced in PIBID/INIFEI)
Authors: Cunha Cibele Faria , Marcatto Flávia Sueli Fabiani
Published: September 2017

Este texto apresenta algumas considerações sobre assuntos abordados no decorrer de uma pesquisa de mestrado concluída, na qual foram investigados vestígios de reflexão e de autoria que poderiam estar presentes (ou não) nos portfólios produzidos no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) da Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI). Com o suporte teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso construiu-se o dispositivo analítico que levou em consideração os ditos, não-ditos e silêncios, e as formações ideológicas e discursivas que permearam os discursos. O corpus da pesquisa compôs-se de recortes de reflexão dos bolsistas de Iniciação à Docência (ID) dos subprojetos do Pibid-UNIFEI, nos anos de 2014 e 2015, quando de suas vivências nas atividades proporcionadas pelo programa, extraídos dos portfólios. Com suporte teórico dos estudos de alguns pesquisadores como Nadal, Alves e Papi (2004), Araújo (2007), Silva e Sá-Chaves (2008), Amâncio (2011), Assolini (2003) e Orlandi (2005, 2010, 2011) entre outros, pode-se concluir que o uso dos portfólios pode tanto dar voz aos sujeitos que estão no processo de formação, proporcionando situações de reflexão e de assunção da posição-autor, como podem perpetuar discursos autoritários e por vezes calar vozes.
Pibid e Prodocência: diálogos (trans)formadores da profissão docente (Pibid and Prodocência: teaching profession (trans)forming dialogues)
Authors: Carvalho Christina Vargas Miranda , Silva Luciana Aparecida Siqueira , Oliveira Natalia Carvalhaes de , Carvalho Rodolfo
Published: September 2017

O presente artigo versa sobre as experiências formativas do Prodocência e do Pibid no âmbito do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, abordando aspectos desde sua implantação na referida Instituição de Ensino Superior até o cenário atual dos programas. Assim sendo, o Prodocência e o Pibid propõem o planejamento coletivo e a capacitação de todos os envolvidos numa perspectiva interdisciplinar como eixo norteador das atividades, promovendo a consolidação e fortalecimento das licenciaturas num âmbito institucional. Ademais, propiciam discussões e reflexões acerca do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, por meio de um arcabouço teórico que sustenta e mobiliza diferentes concepções e práticas educativas. É possível afirmar que o Prodocência e o Pibid constituem-se como espaços híbridos na formação docente, à medida que promovem a articulação entre a teoria e a prática, bem como aproximam as escolas da educação básica e as instituições de ensino superior. Nesse sentido, as proposições, intervenções e reflexões ocasionadas por ambos programas, favorecem a melhoria da qualidade dos cursos nesse locus de formação de professores, contemplando a tríade: ensino, pesquisa e extensão.
Osallistava riskiviestintä erimielisyyden kamppailuareenalla: Tapausesimerkkinä langattoman viestintätekniikan säteily
Authors: Rönkä Anu-Liisa
Published: September 2017

Tutkimus osallistuu tiedeviestinnästä käytävään teoreettiseen keskusteluun pohtimalla osallistavan riskiviestinnän toteuttamisen edellytyksiä ristiriitaisen tiedon leimaamassa, viestinnällisesti hankalaksi osoittautuneessa riskitapauksessa. Tapausesimerkkinä on keskustelu langattoman viestintätekniikan säteilyn mahdollisista haitallisista terveysvaikutuksista, käytännössä esimerkiksi matkapuhelimen käytön mahdollisista vaaroista – aihe josta on käyty ristiriitaista julkista keskustelua 1990-luvulta lähtien. Esimerkkitapausta analysoidaan Ortwin Rennin riskitapausten luokittelua hyödyntäen. Analyysin perusteella kyseessä on epävarma ja epäselvä riskitapaus, jonka viestintää tulisi toteuttaa laaja-alaisen osallistavuuden periaatteen mukaisesti. Asiantuntijat kuitenkin hahmottavat viestinnän ennen kaikkea tiedon siirron näkökulmasta ja viestinnän vuorovaikutteinen puoli jää asiantuntijapuheessa taka-alalle. Aineisto osoittaa myös, että asiantuntijat pitävät asian viestintää ongelmallisena julkisuuteen raportoidun ristiriitaisen tiedon takia. Johtopäätöksissä pohditaan, miten merkittäviä erimielisyyksiä sisältävää tieteellistä kysymystä voisi käsitellä aidomman osallistavan prosessin aikaansaamiseksi.
Algunas notas sobre el romancero "Ramillete de Flores"
Authors: Montesinos José F.
Published: September 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Hans Oster, Die Hervorhebung im Spanischen. [Tesis doctoral de Zürich]. Buchdruckerei Fluntern, Zürich, 1951. 199 págs.
Authors: Krüger Fritz
Published: September 2017

Se reseñó: Die Hervorhebung im Spanischen. [Tesis doctoral de Zürich].
Castigos e documentos para bien vivir ordenados por el rey don Sancho IV. Edición por Agapito Rey. Indiana University Publications, Humanities Series No. 24, 1952; 229 págs.
Authors: Corominas Juan
Published: September 2017

Se reseñó el libro: Castigos e documentos para bien vivir ordenados por el rey don Sancho IV.
Alusiones geográficas en términos de la técnica y del mercado
Authors: Bertoldi Vittorio
Published: September 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
Designaciones de rasgos físicos personales en el habla de la ciudad de México
Authors: Frenk Margit
Published: September 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.
En torno a dos palabras salmantinas: "bica", "antruejo"
Authors: Krüger Fritz
Published: September 2017

En este número no se incluyeron resúmenes ni palabras clave.