bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Should Comprise the Subject Matter of the Arithmetic in the Elementary Schools and in What Grades Should Formal Arithmetic be Taught?
Authors: Wightman H. J.
Published: January 2021

The Lord, the school and society are responsible for the type of individuals that gets into the high schools, and after the Lord and society have done all that we can expect them to do for some time to come, there is left a much larger problem than simply to find the G.C.D. or the L.C.M. The child is an active thinking individual, if we do not suppress his activity and mechanize his thinking and convert him into a jumping-jack which responds only as the teacher pulls the strings and then apparently in a way that suggests need of lubrication. I have nothing but pity for the child who is allowed to think only through the ruts made by the juggernaut of mechanical teaching. Formal mental discipline, as interpreted by the Gradgrind martinet with its memoriter and rule-stuffing accompaniment, has been the fetish which has blocked the road for the development of childhood in mathematics for a long time.
Ideal Classroom
Authors: Morris Richard
Published: January 2021

The chief problem of education is not that of imparting knowledge; neither is it essentially the effort on the part of the student to acquire learning himself, although both of these activities are highly important, each supplementing the other, whether the legacy is from the teacher or the printed page. The possession of knowledge gives the possessor a leverage that should mean power if rightly and wisely employed. Similarly, the ability to acquire knowledge measures the mental acumen of the operator. But education, in the broadest sense, transcends both of these phases. The educational structure cannot be perfectly erected without these, and yet in so many instances it is far from perfection for the want of something additional. Environment plays a part, so does opportunity, so does vision, and driving motive.
The Unit Column vs. the Decimal Point: The Role of Place in Written Number
Authors: Loomis Hiram B.
Published: January 2021

The importance of place in written number is evident when we realize that it is our Arabic system of writing number with zero to indicate the empty place or column that enables pupils in our elementary schools to perform arithmetical operations that would trouble good mathematicians confined to the Roman system. In addition and subtraction we have practically been forced to realize the desirability of keeping units digits under units digits and tens digits under tens digits; and in bookkeeping we have paper ruled for this purpose. The objective of this article is to present the desirability of training pupils to use similar columns for all written work in arithmetic; to put every units digit in the units column, every tens digit in the tens column, every tenths digit in the tenths column etc.: and to do this in multiplication and division as well as in addition and subtraction. This will eliminate the problem of “pointing off,” for the decimal point will necessarily be between the units column and the tenths column for every number on the paper.
Ninth Year Mathematics
Authors: Carnahan Walter H.
Published: January 2021

Many a person whose experiences in high school mathematics, either as student or teacher, date back to the early years of this century longs for those good old days when ninth year mathematics meant the same thing to every one in all schools, namely algebra through quadratics. In those days, there were no doubts about the value of alegbra for every student in the ninth year, no questions raised about adjustment of subject matter to the needs and interests of students, and no suggestions for changed organization of subject matter in the interest of more effective learning.
School or Packing Mill
Authors: Norwood A. G.
Published: January 2021

Early in 1939 a conference was held in Washington to plan the naval air expansion program. When the picture was painted of air bases to be scattered over the face of the globe in undreamed-of numbers, carriers at sea multiplied by ten —no, by 100!!—the problem was clearly that of manning this air arm.
Review of Guidance Report—Commission on Post-War Plans
Authors: Krugman Morris
Published: January 2021

The guidance report of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics is a unique document in several ways. In the first place, it is the product of a professional organization whose members are both mathematicians and educators. This gives the report professional status in both areas. In the second place, it reverses the usual process by considering the vocations in which mathematics is employed, mathematics being the frame of reference. In most occupational studies, the occupation would be the focus, and the treatment of the subject matter incidental. The report is unique in other ways. It is written for high school students. Other reports have, of course, been written for high school students, but they have usually been watered-down, over-simplified affairs, with very little content and a great deal of inspiration. This report is heavily weighted with content; inspiration is not lacking, but is subtly interspersed.
Looking Again at the Mathematical Situation
Authors: Betz William
Published: January 2021

For nearly six decades there have been almost continuous efforts to reform mathematical instruction. A comprehensive account of these efforts will serve to bring out a number of significant facts.1 For example, from the very beginning this movement has had an international character. Moreover, in the world's leading countries it was sponsored by outstanding mathematicians and scientists. That is, the original impetus toward mathematical reform came from distinguished scholars connected with higher institutons of learning. And the issues which engaged their attention are as vital today as they were at the turn of the century. Among them may be mentioned the development of a continuous program extending from the kindergarten to the university; a persistent emphasis on such central themes as functional thinking or the study of relationships; the elimination of “inert ideas” and useless details; a genuine acquaintance with certain key concepts and methods of modern mathematics; a closer correlation of mathematics and science; the abandonment of purely mechanical drill in favor of real understanding and purposeful application; and, above all, a keen appreciation of the role of mathematics in the modern world.
The American Society for Engineering Education Committee on Secondary Schools
Authors: Armsby Henry H.
Published: January 2021

It should be unnecessary to say before a group of mathematics teachers that engineering educators are concerned with the kind of education our secondary schools are giving. Dean Steinberg has ably presented2 the importance of sound training in mathematics as a foundation for engineering education. I endorse his statement, but wish to add that the engineering schools are also vitally interested in the entire educational program of secondary school students, and in the quality of work they do, not only in their mathematics, but in all their subjects. Most of the progressive engineering colleges have for years attempted to improve and strengthen their relations with the secondary schools from which they draw students, chiefly by sincere efforts to furnish intelligent, authoritative, and objective guidance to secondary school students.
Interscholastic Academic Contests in Indiana
Authors: Anderson Mary F.
Published: January 2021

There are a few states in this country in which interscholastic academic competition takes on a bit of the excitement generally reserved for athletic and musical contests. Indiana is one of these. Latin and mathematics inter-high-school contests were established here many years ago by teachers’ organizations in the State and have persisted with continually increasing vigor. English has recently been added to the contest program and plans are under way for extending the fields of subject matter farther.
A Functional Program for Secondary Mathematics
Authors: Gager William A.
Published: January 2021

In your motoring have you ever had the experience of coming to a fork in the pavement, and, not being able to make up your mind which road to follow, selected the one that seemed the best to you, only to find later that it came to a dead end down around the curve? An occurence similar to this has been experienced by many of our ninth grade mathematics students over a period of many years.
New Jersey Representative—The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
Authors: Rogers Mary C.
Published: January 2021

At the early age of five, Mary C. Rogers expressed an intention to teach, from which she has never deviated. Her early professional training was received at the State Teachers College, Mansfield, Pennsylvania, where she graduated magna cum laude. She has done graduate work at Cornell University and the School of Education, New York University.
Miscellanea—Mathematical, Historical, Pedagogical
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: January 2021

Are you helping your students to “miss a boat”? You are if you have not realized the possibilities offered to your students by the Westinghouse Science Scholarships. The forty final contestants for the $1,000 worth of scholarships donated annually by the Westinghouse Electric Corporation are determined through a Science Talent Search administered by Science Service. One of the requirements for each competitor is that he write an essay on “My Scientific Project.” Four of the projects submitted by the 1949 finalists dealt with mathematical topics.
Miscellanea—Mathematical, Historical, Pedagogical
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: January 2021

In January of 1948 a new footnote, if not a new chapter, was added to the history of π.1 At this time John W. Wrench, Jr., of Washington, D. C., and D. F. Ferguson of Manchester, England, published jointly the corrected and checked value of π computed to 808 decimal places.2 This concludes a project begun by Dr. Ferguson in 1945 when he became interested in the • correctness of the unchecked 707 decimal place value first given by the Englishman William Shanks in 1873 and revised by Shanks himself in 1874.3
Imaginary Numbers
Authors: Cell John W.
Published: January 2021

If the men of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries could have foreseen the remarkable power of imaginary numbers, undoubtedly they would have coined some other name than the extremely unfortunate name they chose. But these numbers have been too long so named for established tradition to be changed. We can certainly eliminate the idea of unrealness of these numbers by hinting at some of their uses. In the succeeding paragraphs we shall give some problems and solutions in which imaginary numbers form an essential part of the solution. These problems are offered not to be studied in detail but to illustrate applications.
Applications
Authors: Myers Sheldon S.
Published: January 2021

Since this column was written before the first fall issue, the reader would not have had a chance to respond to our request for contributions. We hope to hear from many contributors to future columns. Last summer, a colleague of ours, Mr. Lyman Peck of the Ohio State University mathematics department, hearing of this department beforehand, submitted the following very practical and appropriate application of arithmetic series.
Comments on Computation with Approximate Numbers
Authors: Read Cecil B.
Published: January 2021

There are several excellent articles dealing with computation with approximate numbers. These vary from a very elementary treatment to rigorous proofs of the principles involved. It is assumed that the general ideas are rather well- known. For example, computation cannot increase the accuracy of the original data. Again there is distinction between the precision and accuracy of a measurement. The precision of an approximate number is determined by the size of the unit of measurement. The accuracy depends upon the number of significant digits involved.
Mathematics as a creative art
Authors: Bower Julia Wells
Published: January 2021

The human consciousness appears to he a duality. On the one hand it is ever creating, and on the other hand it is ever holding fast to that which it has created. These two activities belong, respectively, in the realm of art and in the realm of knowledge. For the purpose of discussion, let us define art as the emergence of new life-forms of the human consciousness, and knowledge as the more or less permanent system of invariants which the human consciousness retains.
The pupil discovers algebra
Authors: Lewis Eunice
Published: January 2021

You are walking down the street when a black cat crosses your path. You would like to alter that path if it weren't for the fact that you are an educated person and are not supposed to believe that black cats bring disaster. While you are thinking how you might unobtrusively alter your course, remember that there are ever so many other people in your situation who would like to avoid black cats in order to avert impending catastrophe. This, we recognize, is a superstition. It developed, no doubt, from coincidental misfortunes attending those whose paths had been crossed by a black cat. A generalization was made from these few experiences, hence the superstition was born.
The teaching of mathematics in Italian schools
Authors: Segre Beniamino
Published: January 2021

During the past century secondary education in Italy has frequently been subject to modification and, sometimes, even radical reform. At the end of World War II the Italian secondary schools were left in a serious plight as a result of the general situation of the country, the destruction of school buildings, and, above all, through the baneful effect of fascism. For these reasons the former minister Gonella recently put forward a new measure of reform, the details of which are now about to be discussed by Parliament. This reform would have the effect of reducing the number of teaching hours, of co-ordinating and lightening the chaotic and overloaded syllabi, and of adding civic education and character formation to the curriculum.
The arithmetic of growth
Authors: Trimble H. C.
Published: January 2021

Every junior high-school teacher knows how hard it is to instill the concept: The same per cent of different amounts yields different answers. Twenty per cent of 50 is 10; but 20 per cent of 60 is 12.
Devices for the Mathematics Classroom: The mathematical house
Authors: Bulmer Harold
Published: January 2021

The problem of developing instructional materials for junior high-school general mathematics classes is a difficult one. Because of the diversity of interests and previous training of the pupils who are normally enrolled in these classes it is hard to find topics which are sufficiently interesting and general in their appeal to meet the needs of a majority of the pupils found in these classes.
Affiliated Groups: Materials available for counseling in mathematics
Authors: Bernhard Ida May
Published: January 2021

“Why study mathematics?” “Should I study mathematics?” are questions teachers arc asked. Here are some helps of interest to mathematics teachers.
Issues in elementary and secondary school mathematics
Authors: Douglass Harl R.
Published: January 2021

The curriculum and our knowledge of how pupils learn cannot remain static. This is true for several reasons.
Vector representation of multiplication and division of complex numbers
Authors: Sornito Juan E.
Published: January 2021

One question raised by students in mathematics is how to represent multiplication and division of complex numbers by vectors in rectangular co-ordinates. The purpose of this brief paper is to present a simple explanation that can be given to students.
Devices for the Mathematics Classroom: Golden Section Compasses
Authors: Joseph Margaret
Published: January 2021

Suppose one desires to construct a rectangle which will have pleasing proportions. What should the ratio of the sides be? The ancient Greeks’ answer to this question was that the base and altitude should be in the same ratio as the two parts of a line segment divided in extreme and mean ratio. As the reader probably knows, this division is the famous Golden Section of a line segment, and the ratio in question is sometimes referred to as the golden ratio.
Historically Speaking,—: Complex numbers: an example of recurring themes in the development of mathematics—III
Authors: Jones Phillip S.
Published: January 2021

The third and last installment on the history of complex numbers. The first appeared in the February issue and the second in the April issue.
Mathematical Miscellanea: The Pythagorean theorem—proof number one thousand
Authors: Eaves J. C.
Published: January 2021

The writer has found students at various levels who had no clear understanding of the meaning of the Pythagorean theorem. This was brought out in a course, “The Fundamentals of Algebra,” given for in-service teachers, and the professor was immediately confronted with the task of presenting or submitting to these teachers some method of demonstration which would prove more effective than the ordinary approach. The following is one of the several proofs and demonstrations which resulted from this discussion.
The role of insight in the learning of mathematics
Authors: Fehr Howard F.
Published: January 2021

Insightful learning does not come about by telling the students how to solve problems. It comes about by making use of the heuristic method—giving hints and clues, examining solutions, and approaching a problem in many ways.
Improving the learning of mathematics
Authors: Kidd Kenneth P.
Published: January 2021

Probably every mathematics teacher has asked himself the question, “How can I bring about improvements in the teaching of mathematics?” An answer to this question presupposes a clear conception of the desirable outcomes of mathematics instruction. Let us assume that the test of competence in mathematics is the effective use of the skills and concepts of mathematics in problem situations which involve quantitative and spatial relationships.
Geometry of Four Dimensions
Authors: Manning Henry P.
Published: January 2021

I have selected a few theorems and will give the proofs of some of them in order that you may know how we study this geometry and just how simple it is.*
Mathematical Preparation Desired for High School Physics
Authors: Griswold Mr. Clifford S.
Published: January 2021

Physics teachers are not particularly united either in their method of teaching, in the selection of topics, in emphasis on the various parts of the topics, or even the object to be attained by their teaching, but there is one point on which they all agree: that the relation between mathematics and physics is very unsatisfactory.
Some Class Room Experiences in Teaching Geometry
Authors: Hopkins G. I.
Published: January 2021

As a sort of prelude I beg leave to offer a few thoughts suggested by an address to this association at the previous meeting wherein the utilitarian, or practical phase of the study of geometry was not only emphasized, but stoutly advocated, to the exclusion of the demonstrative.
Report of the Committee of Bibliography
Authors: Smith Eugene Randolph , Walter Roberts , Scoboria Clarence P. , Wilder George F.
Published: January 2021

The committee has written to the publishers of secondary school texts, the colleges, the national and state departments, and the associations of teachers of mathematics, inquiring as to their publications. The list of books accompanying this report has been prepared from the material sent in answer to these requests, and everything which might be of interest to a teacher of secondary mathematics was included unless it had already been listed in the “Bibliography of the Teaching of Mathematics” published by the United States Bureau of Education as Bulletin No. 503. Books omitted from the publishers’ latest catalogs are not included. It has not seemed necessary for the purpose of this report to index its various parts, as any title wanted can easily be found under its appropriate sub-head.
Arithmetic in High Schools
Authors: Smith David Eugene
Published: January 2021

Professor Smith said that it was not his purpose to advance a thesis upon the subject, but rather to speak of the pros and cons of the question.
Geometric Stereograms—A Device for Making Solid Geometry Tangible to the Average Student
Authors: Shenton Walter Francis
Published: January 2021

In all the gamut of mathematical studies there is not another subject which has given teachers so much concern as Solid Geometry. Time and thought and energy to the n-th power have been given to the preparation of the subject matter, and to the revision of the course so as to make it a logical successor to Plane Geometry, but after a class has been carefully taught by the best available methods it is almost heart-rending to see how many members of the class do not have even the fundamental ideas of space relation correctly fixed in their minds.
Discourse Can Create a Learning Culture
Authors: Curtis Kelly , Lindo Katrina , Jansen Amanda
Published: January 2021

When a ninth-grade teacher used discourse moves aligned with responding to students’ thinking and explicitly promoting productive dispositions, her students reported having positive experiences.
Las locuciones adjetivo-adverbiales en francés y en español, ¿problema fraseológico o lexicográfico?
Authors: Cruz Modesti Hélène
Published: January 2021

En el ámbito hispánico y francófono, se ha priorizado el estudio de las locuciones organizadas mediante un criterio sintáctico-funcional. Sin embargo, este criterio, en ocasiones, carece de fiabilidad, ya que ciertas unidades presentan la posibilidad de oscilación entre dos categorías gramaticales. Es el caso, entre otros, de ciertas locuciones con estructura de sintagma preposicional (en cruz, a ciegas, por defecto, de por vida, etc.), caracterizadas por una dualidad sintáctica que las lleva a comportarse como locuciones adjetivas o adverbiales. De este modo, nos planteamos si se trataría de locuciones que prototípicamente pertenecen a la categoría de adverbio o de adjetivo y que, eventualmente funcionarían como otra o, por el contratio, la creación de una clase locucional híbrida (adjetivo-adverbiales) es necesaria. Nos preguntamos también si la acuñación de esta nueva subclase de locuciones sería pertinente desde una perspectiva lexicográfica, en especial, bilingüe español-francés.  

In the Hispanic and Francophone sphere, researchers have prioritized the locutions studies using a syntactic-functional criterion. However, this criterion, sometimes, lacks reliability, because certain units present the possibility of oscillation between two grammatical categories. This is the case, among others, of certain locutions with a prepositional phrase structure (en cruz, a ciegas, por defecto, de por vida, etc.), characterized by a syntactic duality that leads them to behave as adjective or adverbial locution. In this way, we may reflect on whether these are locutions that prototypically belong to the category of adverb or adjective and that, eventually, would work like the other or, on the contrary, the creation of a hybrid locutionary class (adjective-adverbial) is necessary. We also consider if the coining of this new subclass of locutions would be pertinent from a lexicographical perspective, especially bilingual Spanish-French.
Pedro de Gracia Dei: un bosquejo biográfico
Authors: Mangas Navarro Natalia Anaís
Published: January 2021

La biografía de Pedro de Gracia Dei se caracteriza por presentar numerosos interrogantes, debido a los escasos datos que conocemos sobre el autor. Nos encontramos ante una figura que, aunque estuvo vinculado al entorno de los Reyes Católicos, las magnas crónicas que se realizaron sobre este reinado por parte de escritores ligados también a la corte no nos revelan información sobre él. Teniendo que prescindir, por tanto, de las fuentes históricas que podemos considerar más fiables para poder trazar un perfil aproximado de Gracia Dei, debemos acudir a otros documentos, así como establecer conjeturas a partir de las pocas noticias que el propio autor plasmó en su producción literaria. Resultarán también, de gran interés al respecto, las rúbricas de sus obras que se copiaron durante los siglos xvi, xvii e, incluso, xviii, si bien se caracterizan por haber generado más controversia aún sobre los posibles cargos que desempeñaría Gracia Dei a lo largo de su vida.

The biography of Pedro de Gracia Dei is characterized by numerous unanswered questions, due to scarce data we know about the author. We are dealing with a leading figure who, although he was linked to the Catholic Monarchs’s environment, the great chronicles that were made about this reign by writers also tied to the court do not reveal any information about him. We must therefore dispense with the historical sources that we may consider more reliable to be able to draw an approximate profile of Gracia Dei, and we must turn to other documents, as well as establish conjectures from the few news that the author himself captured in his literary production. The rubrics of his works that were copied during the 16th, 17th and even 18th centuries will also be of great interest in this regard, although they are characterized by having generated even more controversy about the possible positions that Gracia Dei would perform throughout his life.
Transmedia en la BBC: un modelo en el presente y para el futuro
Authors: López-Olano Carlos
Published: January 2021

El carácter modélico de la BBC abarca muchos campos y cualidades. Aparte de su carácter fundacional como medio de servicio público largamente imitado —principalmente en Europa— y a punto de cumplir el siglo de existencia, el ejemplo de la clásica radiotelevisión británica alcanza también a sus estrategias transmedia. El artículo traza una panorámica de la situación actual de la BBC transmedia, analizando una selección de programas emblemáticos de la Corporación, y prestando atención a los aspectos sobre esta cuestión en la nueva normativa que acaba de entrar en vigor acompañando la renovación del Royal Charter, que marcará los próximos once años de la Corporación. La conclusión es que los británicos han destacado en este campo no por programas especialmente innovadores, sino por unas estrategias bastante conservadoras, basadas en el contenido tradicional del discurso clásico de los programas televisivos, pero que sin embargo han conseguido un éxito y una penetración considerable a través de las nuevas plataformas. Respecto a su entramado legal, la casi centenaria BBC parece que está tomando las medidas adecuadas para afrontar el futuro con optimismo justificado, aunque con una cierta falta de concreción.
La divulgación de salud en la televisión pública: el caso de RTVE en 2016
Authors: Cano-Orón Lorena , Portalés Oliva Marta , Llorca-Abad Germán
Published: January 2021

La televisión es el principal medio al que los ciudadanos están expuestos para informarse sobre temas de ciencia y tecnología (FECYT, 2015). El servicio público radiotelevisivo es el ente, que, por ley, debe atender a las necesidades de información, cultura, educación y entretenimiento de la ciudadanía. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo conocer el tratamiento informativo y audiovisual de los programas especializados en salud de RTVE. La muestra cuenta con aquellos emitidos en 2016: La mañana (incluye Saber Vivir), Centro Médico, Esto es Vida y El Ojo Clínico. La metodología empleada es el estudio de caso: se elabora una triangulación a partir de una exploración descriptivo-analítica de los programas seleccionados, un cuestionario sobre la recepción informativa de los mismos y un análisis de contenido de una serie de episodios y, a su vez, de los tweets emitidos por sus respectivas cuentas durante el último mes. Las variables miden aspectos del tratamiento informativo y audiovisual de los programas, así como la funcionalidad, el tratamiento informativo de los tuits y el contenido extra que aportan. Los resultados presentan como rasgo común la conducción de la información a través de fuentes personales. Asimismo, destaca El Ojo Clínico y Esto es Vida por su tratamiento divulgativo, tanto en pantalla como en Twitter.
Innovación aplicada a la producción de contenidos transmedia en publicidad
Authors: Piquer Luis
Published: January 2021

Artículo para la sección Tribuna de adComunica.
El tira y afloja por el control de la información política
Authors: López Meri Amparo
Published: January 2021

Reseña Casero-Ripollés, Andreu y López-Rabadán, Pablo (eds.) (2016).Periodistas y políticos en España.Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
Emplazamiento de producto y videoclip musical: Análisis de videos musicales más visualizados en YouTube (2011-2015)
Authors: Marques Cuadra Soledad , Sedeño Valdellós Ana
Published: January 2021

El product placement o emplazamiento de producto, es conocido desde sus inicios por estar vinculado a las producciones cinematográficas y formatos televisivos. Más tardíamente, se ha integrado en otros mensajes audiovisuales. Desde el inicio de Internet, el product placement ha encontrado una nueva forma donde posicionarse a través de la plataforma de reproducción de vídeos YouTube, residiendo su éxito en su capacidad de ubicuidad. Desde el año 2010, el product placement ha experimentado un auge en vídeos musicales, adquiriendo características diferenciadas. En el siguiente trabajo se estudia el emplazamiento de producto en los 50 vídeos más visualizados en la plataforma YouTube, los diez de cada año, desde el 2011 al 2015. El análisis se realiza a través de diferentes criterios como el tipo de videoclip, la localización y el contexto de las marcas o el tipo de producto, entre otros. Las conclusiones apuntan a una disminución del número de marcas que apuestan por el videoclip musical, así como por una modificación en el tipo de videoclip hacia los de naturaleza mixta. Además, se identifican otra serie de modificaciones en las características del emplazamiento de producto en la muestra temporal analizada.
The Hippo pathway controls myofibril assembly and muscle fiber growth by regulating sarcomeric gene expression
Authors: Kaya-Çopur Aynur , Marchiano Fabio , Hein Marco Y , Alpern Daniel , Russeil Julie , Luis Nuno Miguel , Mann Matthias , Deplancke Bart , Habermann Bianca H , Schnorrer Frank
Published: January 2021

Skeletal muscles are composed of gigantic cells called muscle fibers, packed with force-producing myofibrils. During development, the size of individual muscle fibers must dramatically enlarge to match with skeletal growth. How muscle growth is coordinated with growth of the contractile apparatus is not understood. Here, we use the largeDrosophilaflight muscles to mechanistically decipher how muscle fiber growth is controlled. We find that regulated activity of core members of the Hippo pathway is required to support flight muscle growth. Interestingly, we identify Dlg5 and Slmap as regulators of the STRIPAK phosphatase, which negatively regulates Hippo to enable post-mitotic muscle growth. Mechanistically, we show that the Hippo pathway controls timing and levels of sarcomeric gene expression during development and thus regulates the key components that physically mediate muscle growth. Since Dlg5, STRIPAK and the Hippo pathway are conserved a similar mechanism may contribute to muscle or cardiomyocyte growth in humans.
Masking Level Difference: Performance of School Children Aged 7–12 Years
Authors: de Carvalho Nádia Giulian , Amaral Maria Isabel Ramos do , de Barros Vinicius Zuffo , Santos Maria Francisca Colella dos
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: In masking level difference (MLD), the masked detection threshold for a signal is determined as a function of the relative interaural differences between the signal and the masker. Study 1 analyzed the results of school-aged children with good school performance in the MLD test, and study 2 compared their results with those of a group of children with poor academic performance.Subjects and Methods: Study 1 was conducted with 47 school-aged children with good academic performance (GI) and study 2 was carried out with 32 school-aged children with poor academic performance (GII). The inclusion criteria adopted for both studies were hearing thresholds within normal limits in basic audiological evaluation. Study 1 also considered normal performance in the central auditory processing test battery and absence of auditory complaints and/or of attention, language or speech issues. The MLD test was administered with a pure pulsatile tone of 500 Hz, in a binaural mode and intensity of 50 dBSL, using a CD player and audiometer.Results: In study 1, no significant correlation was observed, considering the influence of the variables age and sex in relation to the results obtained in homophase (SoNo), antiphase (SπNo) and MLD threshold conditions. The final mean MLD threshold was 13.66 dB. In study 2, the variables did not influence the test performance either. There was a significant difference between test results in SπNo conditions of the two groups, while no differences were found both in SoNo conditions and the final result of MLD.Conclusions: In study 1, the cut-off criterion of school-aged children in the MLD test was 9.3 dB. The variables (sex and age) did not interfere with the MLD results. In study 2, school performance did not differ in the MLD results. GII group showed inferior results than GI group, only in SπNo condition.
Effect of Heat Transfer on Weighing Devices in Cone Calorimeter
Authors: Ryu Sanghoon , Jang Beomchan , Rie Dongho
Published: January 2021

A cone calorimeter for measuring fire properties is an equipment that radiates a constant radiant heat flux rate to the specimen and calculates the heat release rate by measuring oxygen consumption. It has been used mainly for the pyrolysis phenomenon of specimen-sized solid materials. However, in contrast to other measurement devices, the test methods of the relevant standards do not mention in detail the calibration methods or precautions for the effects of heat transfer on the weighing devices in a high-temperature fire environment with a conical heater. In this study, the heat transfer blockage confirmed improvement of the effective heat of 70%, combustion rate of 76%, heat release rate of 50%, smoke production rate of 34%, and other items. Improvements are proposed to produce more-accurate test results.
Thermal and dynamic mechanical behavior of epoxy composites reinforced with post‐consumed yerba mate
Authors: Neves Roberta Motta , Vanzetto Andrielen Braz , Lazzari Lídia Kunz , Zattera Ademir José
Published: January 2021

Yerba mate (YM) is widely consumed in Latin American countries, and its residues can be used as bio‐resources such as reinforced in epoxy composites. The present work aims to produce epoxy resin composites and evaluate the influence of post‐consumed YM as reinforcement. The concentrations of YM used were 5, 10, and 20% (wt/wt). Chemical, thermal, morphological, and dynamic mechanical behaviors were explored. The YM incorporation did not influence chemically on the epoxy structure and a pull‐out phenomenon was observed as YM content increased. The YM at lower concentrations (5 and 10%) led to higher values of activation energies calculated from model‐free isoconversional methods. On the other hand, the composite e/YM 20 wt% improved all dynamic‐mechanical properties. YM proved to be a suitable and cheap reinforcement for epoxy resin.
In(III)‐Catalyzed O‐Annulation of Cyclic Diazodicarbonyls with 2‐Naphthol, 6‐Quinolinol, β‐Tetralone, and 9‐Phenanthrol to Access Diverse Benzochromones
Authors: Maezono Shizuka Mei Bautista , Khanal Hari Datta , Chaudhary Priyanka , Park Ga Eul , Lee Yong Rok
Published: January 2021

In(III)‐Catalyzed O‐annulation of cyclic diazodicarbonyl compounds with 2‐naphthols, 6‐quinolinol, β‐tetralone, and 9‐phenanthrol is developed. This novel synthetic strategy paves a facile and desired access to diverse and functionalized benzochromones. This imperative protocol involves domino carbene generation, ketene formation through Wolff‐rearrangement, nucleophilic addition, H‐migration, intramolecular cyclization, and elimination of water.
The “Digital Facilitator”: An Extended Profile to Manage the Digital Transformation of Swiss Vocational Schools
Authors: Cattaneo Alberto A. P. , Bonini Luca , Rauseo Martina
Published: January 2021

Digital transformation requires the field of education to increasingly deal with the interplay between the teachers’ individual development of digital competence and institutional integration and adoption of digital technology. This is especially crucial in the vocational education context, which is closer to the world of work and, therefore, more sensitive to the disruptive changes of digitalisation. This chapter addresses this issue by proposing the result of a project that aimed to identify a new professional profile in the context of dual vocational education in Switzerland. The Digital Facilitator is a new term that refers to a teacher with advanced digital competency who is an expert in facilitating digital innovation adoption within educational institutions. Thus, it constitutes a possible concrete way to address the issue of integrating the individual and the organisational perspectives related to digital transformation. The profile is discussed by presenting an analysis of acknowledged existing frameworks and by considering the specificities of the context in which it was developed. The opportunities and challenges associated with introducing the profile are also critically addressed.
Quantum SU(2|1) supersymmetric ℂN Smorodinsky-Winternitz system
Authors: Ivanov Evgeny , Nersessian Armen , Sidorov Stepan
Published: January 2021

Abstract

We study quantum properties of SU(2|1) supersymmetric (deformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4, d = 1 supersymmetric) extension of the superintegrable Smorodinsky-Winternitz system on a complex Euclidian space ℂN. The full set of wave functions is constructed and the energy spectrum is calculated. It is shown that SU(2|1) supersymmetry implies the bosonic and fermionic states to belong to separate energy levels, thus exhibiting the “even-odd” splitting of the spectra. The superextended hidden symmetry operators are also defined and their action on SU(2|1) multiplets of the wave functions is given. An equivalent description of the same system in terms of superconformal SU(2|1, 1) quantum mechanics is considered and a new representation of the hidden symmetry generators in terms of the SU(2|1, 1) ones is found.
How to Solve Millionaires’ Problem with Two Kinds of Cards
Authors: Nakai Takeshi , Misawa Yuto , Tokushige Yuuki , Iwamoto Mitsugu , Ohta Kazuo
Published: January 2021

Card-based cryptography, introduced by den Boer aims to realize multiparty computation (MPC) by using physical cards. We propose several efficient card-based protocols for the millionaires’ problem by introducing a new operation called Private Permutation (PP) instead of the shuffle used in most of existing card-based cryptography. Shuffle is a useful randomization technique by exploiting the property of card shuffling, but it requires a strong assumption from the viewpoint of arithmetic MPC because shuffle assumes that public randomization is possible. On the other hand, private randomness can be used in PPs, which enables us to design card-based protocols taking ideas of arithmetic MPCs into account. Actually, we show that Yao’s millionaires’ protocol can be easily transformed into a card-based protocol by using PPs, which is not straightforward by using shuffles because Yao’s protocol uses private randomness. Furthermore, we propose entirely novel and efficient card-based millionaire protocols based on PPs by securely updating bitwise comparisons between two numbers, which unveil a power of PPs. As another interest of these protocols, we point out they have a deep connection to the well-known logical puzzle known as “The fork in the road.”
SFCA-II type Ca2.46Fe3+8.57 Fe2+0.52Al5.45O24 – an improved structural model for an iron-ore sinter phase
Authors: Kahlenberg Volker , Krüger Hannes , Tribus Martina , Anwander Benedikt
Published: January 2021

Single crystals of SFCA-II with composition Ca2.46Fe3+8.57Fe2+0.52Al5.45O24have been obtained from synthesis experiments in the temperature range between 1300 and 1200 °C. Diffraction experiments at ambient conditions yielded the following basic crystallographic data: space groupP$$ \overline{1} $$1¯,a = 10.3016(4) Å,b = 10.4656(4) Å,c = 17.9553(6) Å, α = 90.062(3), β = 89.977(3)°, γ = 109.510(3)°, V = 1824.66(12) Å3, Z = 4. Structure determination and subsequent least-squares refinements resulted in a residual of R(|F|) = 0.0349 for 7406 independent reflections and 773 parameters. Site occupancy refinements on the 35 octahedral (M) and tetrahedral (T) positions in the asymmetric unit were aided by crystallochemical considerations and the assumption of charge balance between the cations and anions. The derived formula compares well with the outcome of electron microprobe studies. The crystal structure of SFCA-II shows the typical features of the SFCA-family. It can be built from an alternating sequence of two different types of fundamental layers. For SFCA-II, they are oriented parallel to (100). Layer-type I is solely based on [MO6]-octahedra (M: Ca, Fe3+, Al) forming individual five polyhedra wide bands. Within a single band, the octahedra share common edges. Layer-type II, on the other hand, contains [MO6]-octahedra as well as [TO4]-tetrahedra (T: Al, Fe3+, Fe2+). By corner sharing each [MO6]-group is linked to two adjacent tetrahedra into [MT2O12]-clusters or “winged octahedra”. Linkage between neighboring strips of these moieties is provided by additional [TO4]-tetrahedra arranged invierersingle-chains. Our investigation rectifies previous studies on SFCA-II where wrong atomic coordinates have been published.
Survival after parotid gland metastases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Meyer Moritz Friedo , Wolber Philipp , Arolt Christoph , Wessel Maximilian , Quaas Alexander , Lang Stephan , Klussmann Jens Peter , Semrau Robert , Beutner Dirk
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Malignant tumours in the parotid gland can originate either from the gland itself or as a result of metastatic spread of other tumours, such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) of the head and neck area. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the clinical behaviour of primary as well as CSCC metastatic parotid cancers with special emphasis on therapy and oncologic outcome.

Methods

Clinical and histopathological data of 342 patients with parotid gland malignomas surgically treated in a tertiary referral centre between 1987 and 2015 were retrospectively assessed. Oncologic outcomes of all cases with CSCC metastasis of the parotid gland (n = 49) were compared to those of primary parotid gland carcinomas (n = 293).

Results

Mean age at diagnosis was 72.3 years for CSCC patients versus 56.8 years in patients with primary parotid carcinoma. A total of 83.7% of CSCC patients were male, compared to 48.8% in the group of primary carcinomas. Forty-five out of 49 CSCC patients underwent total parotidectomy and neck dissection (91.8%). A total of 93.9% out of all CSCC patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 32.6% in CSCC patients versus 77.2% in primary parotid carcinoma patients.

Conclusion

As compared to primary parotid cancers, we could show that patients suffering from CSCC metastases to the parotid gland presented with significantly higher age and worse survival.
Planning the Dewatering of a Tailings Storage Facility
Authors: Ruiz Eduardo , Huamaní Lizardo , Paucar Jairo , Larota Julio , Jiménez Carlos , Gallo Yuri
Published: January 2021

The San Rafael mine in southern Peru produces over 10% of the world’s tin. The decision was made to reprocess some of its oldest tailings, due to their volume and high tin concentrations. This tailing storage facility was partially saturated and required a dewatering process to allow mining. This paper describes the conducted activities for this dewatering, including basic engineering studies focused on hydrogeological characterization of the tailings, recommended tests and modelling to define a detailed engineering design, and developing an appropriate construction strategy. In addition, there were tasks associated with operating the dewatering system, infrastructure maintenance, and a real-time follow-up implementation program to monitor the desaturation. The system’s historical evolution, a year of dewatering, and the beginning of mining activities are reviewed.
Research on synthesis and self-healing properties of interpenetrating network hydrogels based on reversible covalent and reversible non-covalent bonds
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Wang Xiaofei , Shi Chuanying , Liu Yang , Wei Yanyan
Published: January 2021

First of all, we will provide a brief background on the self-healing hydrogels we produced which are suitable for the complex environment of nature. In this paper, disulfide bonds and acylhydrazone bonds can be combined in SH-WPU and hydrogen bonds existed in PAMAM. And the hydrogel can achieve self-healing under acid, alkaline, neutral or light environment.Self-healing for 1 h, 24 h and 48 h, the self-healing efficiency is 31.58%, 49.84% and 87.35% respectively. This effect achieved the desired effect and the repair effect is more obvious than previous research results. The hydrogels have potential applications in the field of biomaterials.
Electron spin resonance signal of human nails: increase after irradiation
Authors: Hirota Seiko , Gonzales Chryzel A. B. , Yasuda Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Ichiro , Toyoda Shin
Published: January 2021

We report the phenomenon whereby the electron spin resonance signal of human nails intensify after irradiation. Forty nail samples from three donors were divided into three groups (X-ray irradiated, γ-ray irradiated, and control). The extent of signal intensified after irradiation was proportional to the given dose under 11% humidity at 20 °C. This result seemed to contradict previous studies, reporting signal fading. Based on literature and our experimental results, we constructed a model taking both the decay and increase into consideration. Our investigation revealed that rapid deterioration in the signal intensity obscured the increase at humidity levels exceeding 40%.
Response-shift effects in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: estimating response-shift-adjusted scores using equating
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn E. , Stark Roland B. , Stucky Brian D. , Li Yuelin , Rapkin Bruce D.
Published: January 2021

Background

In our companion paper, random intercept models (RIMs) investigated response-shift effects in a clinical trial comparing Eculizumab to Placebo for people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). RIMs predicted Global Health using the EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale item (VAS) to encompass broad criteria that people might consider. The SF36™v2 mental and physical component scores (MCS and PCS) helped us detect response shift in VAS. Here, we sought to “back-translate” the VAS into the MCS/PCS scores that would have been observed if response shift had not been present.

Methods

This secondary analysis utilized NMOSD clinical trial data evaluating the impact of Eculizumab in preventing relapses (n = 143). Analyses began by equating raw scores from the VAS, MCS, and PCS, and computing scores that removed response-shift effects. Correlation analysis and descriptive displays provided a more comprehensive examination of response-shift effects.

Results

MCS and PCS crosswalks with VAS equated the scores that include and exclude response-shift effects. These two sets of scores had low shared variance for MCS for both groups, suggesting that corresponding mental health constructs were substantially different. The shared variance contrast for physical health was distinct only for the Placebo group. The larger MCS response-shift effects were found at end of study for Placebo only and were more prominent at extremes of the MCS score distribution.

Conclusions

Our results reveal notable treatment group differences in MCS but not PCS response shifts, which can explain null results detected in previous work. The method introduced herein provides a way to provide further information about response-shift effects in clinical trial data.