bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lower cerebral arterial blood flow is associated with greater serum neurofilament light chain levels in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Jakimovski Dejan , Gibney Brianna L. , Marr Karen , Ramasamy Deepa P. , Dwyer Michael G. , Bergsland Niels , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Ramanathan Murali , Zivadinov Robert
Published: November 2022

Background: Hypoperfusion, vascular pathology, and cardiovascular risk factors are associated with disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS).1,2 In particular, the total cerebral arterial blood flow (CABF), measured as a sum of all arterial flow in the neck, was associated with the cognitive performance of MS patients.3

Objective: To assess relationships between CABF and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), as neuronal damage biomarker with good prognostic value and treatment responsiveness.4 If the cerebrovascular changes are an independent pathophysiological factor in MS, a relationship should remain significant after controlling for common MS-based disease measures (i.e., T2 lesion volume and brain volume).

Materials and methods: Total CABF was measured in 137 patients (86 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)/relapsing-remitting (RR) and 51 progressive MS (PMS)) and 48 healthy controls (HCs) using Doppler ultrasound. sNfL was quantitated using a single molecule assay (Simoa). Three point zero T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination allowed quantification of T2 lesion and whole-brain volume (WBV). Multiple linear regression models determined the sNfL associated with CABF after correction for demographic and MRI-derived variables.

Results: After adjustment for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), total CABF remained statistically significant and model comparisons showed that CABF explained additional 2.6% of the sNfL variance (β=-0.167, p=0.044). (Table 1) CABF also remained significant in a step-wise regression model (β=0.18, p=0.034) upon the inclusion of T2 lesion burden and WBV effects. The explained sNfL variance improved from 17.4%, 22.7% with the presence of at least 2 CVD variable and 25.8% with both CVD and CABF predictors. Lastly, the disease-modifying therapy was not kept in the final model as an independent predictor of sNfL. Patients in the lowest CABF quartile (CABF≤761 mL/min) had significantly higher sNfL (34.6 pg/mL versus 23.9 pg/mL, adjusted-p=0.042) when compared to the highest quartile (CABF≥1130 mL/min).

Conclusions: Lower CABF is associated with increased sNfL in MS patients, highlighting direct and independent relationship between cerebral hypoperfusion and axonal pathology. This relationship remained significant in the CIS/RRMS after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI effects.
Eagle jugular syndrome: a morphometric computed study on styloid process orientation
Authors: Mantovani Giorgio , De Bonis Pasquale , Cavallo Michele Alessandro , Zamboni Paolo , Scerrati Alba
Published: November 2022

Cerebral venous drainage impairment is related to a wide spectrum of pathologies, both acute or chronic. Among the most intriguing and less explained there are those caused by a long-lasting compression on internal jugular vein (IJV), mono or bilaterally. Recently, a jugular variant of the Eagle syndrome has been described,1,2 in which an elongated styloid process, coming from the mastoid tip down through the neck, compresses the IJV (more frequently J3) in its passage on the C1 anterior arch. Interestingly, those patients often complaint of typical symptoms of intracranial hypertension, such as headache (not frequent in classic Eagle syndrome), tinnitus, dizziness. They also seem to have an increased risk of perimesencephalic hemorrhages. Conceptually, it is not the styloid process length in itself to determine the compression, but rather its spatial orientation. We could therefore expect to find patients suffering from Eagle jugular syndrome who present normal or short styloid process, but in close proximity to C1. To test this hypothesis, we are developing a novel software to analyze 3-D spatial orientation of styloid process in patient with a previously diagnosed Eagle jugular syndrome compared to healthy controls. Methods We collected cervical computed tomography angiography (CTA) images from 8 patients with EJS confirmed by venous angiography at our institution, and a control group of 7 random patients, homogenous for sex and age. A blind operator created with a dedicated pre-existing software3, an editable 3-D model (.stl file) of the 3 main region of interest (ROI), namely: right styloid, left styloid, C1 anterior arch. Starting from this dataset, our software, written using the open-source package management system Anaconda4 ver. 2-2.4.0, compares all the possible couples of points between each styloid process and the C1 arch, detecting the minimum and maximum distance. Then, it provides the mean spatial orientation of the process respect the CT-axis: x-axis (from left to right), y-axis (from occiput to nose) and z-axis (cranio-caudal). Results By now we included 15 patients (8 cases, 7 controls), homogeneous for sex and age. Preliminary data (Table 1), although not statistically significant yet, seems to indicate that Eagle jugular patients effectively have a more vertical styloid process, meaning an angle between styloid and y-axis greater than controls, rather than a longer one. Conclusions Our preliminary results could confirm that spatial orientation is more important in Eagle jugular patients than styloid process length. This study is currently ongoing and we planned to enroll at least 20 subjects for each arm. At the same time, we are collecting data from patients with carotic variant of Eagle syndrome, to better characterize morphometric structure of styloid in various subset of this pathology.
Cyclic inner functions in growth classes and applications to approximation problems
Authors: Malman Bartosz
Published: November 2022

It is well known that for any inner function
$\theta $
defined in the unit disk
$\mathbb {D}$
, the following two conditions: (i) there exists a sequence of polynomials
$\{p_n\}_n$
such that
$\lim _{n \to \infty } \theta (z) p_n(z) = 1$
for all
$z \in \mathbb {D}$
and (ii)
$\sup _n \| \theta p_n \|_\infty < \infty $
, are incompatible, i.e., cannot be satisfied simultaneously. However, it is also known that if we relax the second condition to allow for arbitrarily slow growth of the sequence
$\{ \theta (z) p_n(z)\}_n$
as
$|z| \to 1$
, then condition (i) can be met for some singular inner function. We discuss certain consequences of this fact which are related to the rate of decay of Taylor coefficients and moduli of continuity of functions in model spaces
$K_\theta $
. In particular, we establish a variant of a result of Khavinson and Dyakonov on nonexistence of functions with certain smoothness properties in
$K_\theta $
, and we show that the classical Aleksandrov theorem on density of continuous functions in
$K_\theta $
is essentially optimal. We consider also the same questions in the context of de Branges–Rovnyak spaces
$\mathcal {H}(b)$
and show that the corresponding approximation result also is optimal.
Radio crossmedia y radio híbrida: la nueva forma de informarse y entretenerse en el escenario digital
Authors: Balsebre-Torroja Armand , Ortiz-Sobrino Miguel-Ángel , Soengas-Pérez Xosé
Published: November 2022

Introducción: Internet ha transformado el escenario mediático y la radio digital es un ejemplo de cómo han afectado los cambios a las estructuras de los diferentes soportes. Desde finales del siglo XX la radio digital convive con la radio por ondas, pero cada vez tienen más presencia las emisiones online. Metodología: Se ha realizado una profunda revisión bibliográfica y de informes de expertos (RAJAR), incluida una observación de la oferta de principales cadenas radiofónicas y la audiencia según el EGM. Resultados: El nuevo escenario, que tiene una dimensión multimedia y transmedia, se caracteriza por unos formatos, lenguajes y contenidos muy diferentes a los tradicionales, acordes con las exigencias de una audiencia cada vez más fragmentada. Los dispositivos móviles han permitido acercarse a nuevos sectores de la audiencia para dar respuesta a los nuevos hábitos de consumo gracias al streaming y al podcasting, que modificaron las formas de acceso a los contenidos. Este contexto multiplataforma, es necesario redefinir qué es radio, algo sobre lo que no existe un consenso en el mundo académico, científico y profesional.   La audiencia está inmersa en un proceso de cambio constante y los contenidos tienen que adaptarse a las necesidades de los usuarios (crossmedia). Conclusiones y discusión: Los nuevos hábitos de escucha que genera la convergencia mediática exigen repensar la forma de medir el consumo radiofónico, tanto en las emisoras convencionales como en las plataformas online, para conocer con precisión las necesidades de los ciudadanos y darles una respuesta adecuada. Y también urge adaptar los perfiles profesionales a la realidad actual.
Ukraine and NATO: Problems, Challenges, Prospects
Authors: Mansur Olga , Netreba Oksana , Bilgin Johan , Yardim Idlir , Ulusay Nihal
Published: November 2022

Since the beginning of Ukraine's independence, namely on 24 August 1991, there has been a lively debate among social and legal theorists and practitioners alike as to the advisability of Ukraine joining NATO. However, this issue became particularly relevant after February 24 2022, when the Russian Federation launched a full-scale war against Ukraine, and of course, it remains on the agenda until now, as it concerns guarantees of national security and independence of the state. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to identify current problems, challenges, and prospects related to the process of Ukraine's accession to NATO. To achieve this goal, the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, and historical methods were used in the study. As a result, it was found that Ukraine's accession to NATO is a priority for its future development and security. The paper managed to analyse the main Euro-Atlantic prospects for Ukraine, the most important of which at the moment is the protection of its territory by other member countries of the alliance. The analysed modern challenges allowed the authors to establish that in the conditions of the current Russian-Ukrainian war, the Ukrainian authorities implemented a number of measures aimed at developing the military-political industry, in particular, they abandoned the non-aligned position, approved the updated national security strategy of Ukraine, and most importantly approved the Euro-Atlantic direction of Ukraine's development in the Constitution of Ukraine. In conclusion, it was possible to reveal not only the priority of Ukraine's accession to NATO, but also to investigate the practical means and tools that are already being used to implement this process. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that its results can be used both by theorists for an in-depth investigation of this topic, and by practitioners, in particular by legislators, in the development of new laws and regulations related to the Euro-Atlantic process
Effects of Different Methods and Genomic Relationship Matrices on Reliabilities of Genomic Selection in Dairy Cattle
Authors: KASAKOLU Anıl , KONCAGÜL Seyrani
Published: November 2022

Since genomic prediction is widely used in dairy cattle, we aimed to evaluate the performance of pedigree based (ABLUP), SNP based (GBLUP) and single-step GBLUP (ss-GBLUP) methods with different sets of information in terms of reliability of genomic prediction. Four different methods were evaluated: (Method 1) ABLUP with all available phenotypes and pedigree; (Method 2) GBLUP with SNP genotypes and phenotypes of genotyped cows; (Method 3) single-step GBLUP with SNP genotypes, phenotypes of genotyped cows and all pedigree and (Method 4) single-step GBLUP with SNP genotypes, all phenotypes of both genotyped and nongenotyped cows and all pedigree. SNP based methods also used different genomic relationship matrices (GRMs) formed by different approaches: vanRaden, Astle, Yang and Endelman. The simulated dataset replicates a common dairy cattle population.

A significant increase in reliability of prediction was observed in ss-GBLUP with all phenotypes and pedigree beside genotyped cows. This increase was apparent for both first lactation milk yield (LMY) and milk fat percentage (Fat%). Combining all available information with ss-GBLUP gave about 1.6 and 1.2 times higher reliabilities for LMY and Fat%, respectively, compared to those obtained from the other three methods.
Analyses of Operational and Economic Conditions in Selected Dairy Farms
Authors: DAĞTEKİN Metin , KİC Pavel , DEMİREL Bahadır , GÜRDİL Gürkan
Published: November 2022

Dairy farms are an essential component of livestock production in Türkiye. This article aims to show the current situation on these dairy farms and incredibly show the technical and operational conditions in milking technology. We researched 32 dairy farms with 6 to 681 lactating dairy cows. The milking technology on these farms corresponds to the usual structure of milking equipment on Turkish dairy farms. It includes bucket milking, pipe-line milking systems, tandem milking parlour, herringbone milking parlours and side-by-side milking parlours. To analyse the current situation, we used a calculation on the model, with evaluation criteria: the total time required for milking and the final direct specific costs. Evaluation of existing milking systems showed the possibilities of reducing human labour costs by optimizing the work activities. Larger farms characterize by more progressive milking technology, higher milk yields, and lower specific costs.
A Rare Case of a Dermoid Cyst in the Right Temporal Region of the Head: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors:   General Practitioner, Bendan Regional Hospital, Pekalongan, Indonesia, Widiono Evan
Published: November 2022

Background: Dermoid cyst is a tumour mass that is often encountered in daily clinical practice. Histological examination showed a layer of keratinized squamous epithelium. Dermoid cysts in the craniofacial region comprise about 7 percent of all dermoids. This case report will review a 21-year-old patient with a right temporal dermoid cyst.Case report: A 21-year-old man came to the emergency department of Bendan Hospital, complaining of a lump on the right side of his head, the lump had been there since the patient was child, then it grew. Non-contrast CT scan of the head showing the impression of a lipoma on the scalp of the right occipital region. When the patient underwent excision of the tumour and histopathological examination of the tissue was performed, the result was a dermoid cyst.Discussion: Dermoid cyst is known as a benign congenital tumour that grows early. Research prefers to use a direct approach to the patient, given that proper scar management is part of the follow-up Conclusion: Dermoid cysts have until recently been considered a congenital lesion, but not all of them can be diagnosed at birth.
Antidiabetic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Bannufera Mangii Roots and Mannufera Jangii Leaves on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors:   Department of Sciences, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi., Manga Abubakar Hauwa , Jangebe Ladan Mukhtar ,   Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyyo University, Sokoto, Mansur Lawal ,   Umar Muhammed Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyyo University, Sokoto
Published: November 2022

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death world over, with no known scientifically proved cure so far. The present study evaluated the serum glucose lowering potentials of aqueous extracts of Bannufera mangii roots and Mannufera jangii leaves on alloxan induced diabetic rats. The most potent extract was further studied for its effects on serum insulin. Administration of 80 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate have significantly increased blood glucose level and affect the serum insulin and lipid profile as well as oxidative stress makers. Treatments of diabetic rats with 300mg/kg body weight of the two extracts and conventional antidiabetic drug showed significant reduction in blood glucose levels by 35.2%, 59.2% and 67.0% for B. mangii, M. jangii and metformin respectively. The remarkable antihyperglycaemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidants and non-toxic (at 3000 mg/kg) potentials exhibited by M. jangii, validates its traditional use as an antidiabetic plant. Therefore, the plant has demonstrated a potential as another source of alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Understanding the Acceptance Intention for Consumers toward Using E-VAT (Value-Added Tax) Refund System
Authors:   Department of Business Administration, I-Shou University, Taiwan, Chen Yue-Yang
Published: November 2022

Electronic tax or value-added tax (VAT) refund system is a computerized tax administration system that is especially designed to handle general tax administration from registration, assessment, filing returns and processing of claims and refunds. This study was conducted with the aim to develop a model of factors influencing the intention to use the electronic value-added return tax refund system and the impact of these factors on the intention toward using the system. It provides solutions to encourage enterprises to use when the system is officially deployed. Specifically, this research tried to predict the intention of the taxpayer's interest in using the electronic value added tax refund system by applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This research takes the taxpayers in Dong Nai tax department in Vietnam as the samples with total of 196 respondents. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which consists of two stages: the measurement model (measurement model) and the structural model. The research finds that the perceive ease of use has a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness, attitude, and intention to use electronic value added tax refund system. In addition, the path from perceived usefulness to attitude and to intention are also supported. Finally, the path from attitude to intention is also supported.
Muhammed Abdulhalim Abdullah'ın Romanlarında Âyet ve Hadis Bağlamında Metinlerarasılık
Authors: BAYRAM Encümen , PİŞGİN Yasin
Published: November 2022

Muhammed Abdulhalim Abdullah, Modern Arap romanının teşekkülünde önemli bir yere sahiptir. O, Arap romanını tercüme ve uyarlamalarla bina etmeye çalışan I. kuşak Arap edebiyatçılarından sonra gelen ve Arap romanını asıl kimliğine kavuşturan II. kuşak edebiyatçılar arasında yer alır. Abdullah, Mısır’ın kırsalındaki olayları özümsemiş ve bunu eserlerinde ustaca aksiyona dönüştürmüş bir yazardır. Onun yazarlığının mihenk taşını, çocukluğunun geçtiği kırsaldaki yaşam belirler. Abdullah’ın dinî ve millî duygularla inşa ettiği roman kahramanının dili, fasih Arapçadır. Nitekim onun alelade bir roman figüratifini fasih dilde konuşturması bazen eleştirilse de bu üslubun hâkim çevrelerce kabulü zor olmamıştır. Abdullah, bu üslubunu oluştururken çoğu zaman Kur’ân âyetlerine ve hadislere başvurur. O, kültürel mirasından getirdiği şiir, darb-ı mesel ve hikâye gibi pek çok edebî malzemeyi romanlarında kullanır. Abdullah, özellikle de âyet ve hadisleri ustaca işler. İşte biz, bu çalışmamızda modern zamanda roman literatürüne girmiş metinlerarasılık bağlamında Muhammed Abdulhalim Abdullah’ın bazı romanlarındaki âyet ve hadisleri nasıl işlediğini tespit etmeye çalışacağız.
Na fábrica de quimeras
Authors: Butturi Junior Atilio
Published: November 2022

Resenha de
 
 
SANT’ ANNA, D. B. A cabeça do pai. São Paulo: Todavia, 2022.
Portrait
Authors: D'Alessio Silvana
Published: November 2022

The chapter assembles the information that surfaces in seventeenthcentury
sources, about, above all, Masaniello’s own history. We see his
hard life, his bad experiences and the extreme poverty in which he
lived. We also learn his pastimes, his life in the Neapolitan taverns close
to the Market. The plebeian youngster, long before the revolt, was keen
to risk his life not only to have the gabelle lifted, but also to “do right by
the canaglia, the popolo” and to relieve his city, burdened by its defeatism
and general habit of just bumbling forward, catch-as-catch-can.
Epilogue
Authors: D'Alessio Silvana
Published: November 2022

The viceroy convinces secretary Vitale to betray Masaniello, but soon
has Vitale killed. Capopopolo, sensing danger, tries to flee. The city
buzzes with talk of Masaniello and of his alarming condition. Genoino
is terrified, as he learns that the plebeian chief would have his head.
Many sources later claim that Genoino connived with the viceroy in
the plan to have Masaniello killed. The representatives of the People
convene, voting not for death but for withdrawal from obedience, as
Masaniello is ‘ill’, but their resolution fails to scotch the lethal plan
put in motion some days earlier by the viceroy and some around him.
Masaniello’s panicky final speech, flight, and savage decapitation.
To Show or Not to Show? Marcantonio
Raimondi and the Representation of
Female Pubic Hair
Authors: Richter Mandy
Published: November 2022

In the visual arts of Early Modern period, female pubic hair was mostly considered
indecorous, troublesome, or even indecent because it highlighted one’s most
intimate parts. In treatises and medical literature of that period, it was perceived,
as body hair in general, as a vehicle for the expulsion of the body’s own excretions.
In addition to these rather unbecoming connotations, this article will address and
propose more positive ideas surrounding a particular set of depictions of pubic hair
that referenced a specific artistic model. I will show that Marcantonio Raimondi’s
application of pubic hair to some of his female nudes, the Venus Wringing her
Hair, Young Man Protected by Fortune, and Mars, Venus, and Cupid, all created
between 1506 and 1508, becomes a highly significant detail that should be seen
in connection with his imitation and emulation of Albrecht Dürer. Marcantonio’s
different approaches to pubic hair indicate also its potential as a field of artistic
experimentation.
Wound: On Caravaggio’s Martyrdom of
Saint Ursula
Authors: Cornea Bogdan
Published: November 2022

Chapter One examines Caravaggio’s Martyrdom of Saint Ursula by focusing on
the peculiar staging of the wound and its relation to the radical transformation
of her body. By interrogating Caravaggio’s manipulation of time and pictorial
narrative, the chapter emphasizes the fragmentation at play within the painting
to draw an ontological distinction between the figure of the saint and the rest of
the depicted figures. The chapter argues that the hidden violence of the wound
sets forth a process of corporeal becoming that transforms the figure of the saint
into an icon – a distinct sacred image of a living martyr that has already departed
the world of the living to become an other-worldly image of divine redemption.
Orosius, Barbarians, and the Christian Success Story
Authors: Kahlos Maijastina
Published: November 2022

In the course of the fourth and fifth centuries, Christian writers developed
an interpretatio Christiana of the history of humankind. In Orosius’s
construction of the past, this understanding was framed as the success
story of Christianity. In his Histories Against the Pagans, Orosius perceived
history as guided by divine providence. Consequently, the appearance
of Christianity in the Roman Empire was held to be part of God’s divine
plan for humankind. Christian success stories provided justification for
the Christian church(es) in the past, present, and future. For his part,
Orosius followed the ethos of the earlier Christian narratives in which the
(alleged or real) triumph of the religious group functioned as legitimation
of its being right. This chapter examines how the figures of barbarians
function in Orosius’s narrative of Christian triumph.
Consideraciones sobre la temporalidad
en las Vitae Sanctorum visigóticas
Authors: Castillo Maldonado Pedro
Published: November 2022

This chapter addresses a detailed analysis of the temporality present in
the hagiographic literature of Late Antiquite Hispania and specifically
in the bio-hagiographies of the Visigoth period, a production that is not
very abundant in comparative terms with that of other geographical
areas, but of great interest. By means of the same one it is evidenced
that these compositions use a certainly historical time frame, common
characteristic to all biographical narration, but by means of artifices and
a story of topical character they manage to transmit to their readers/
listeners an idealised temporal building and, above all, providentialist,
always presided over by the divine intervention and its agents, the holy
men, constant protagonists of salvific acts.
Relato de Experiência Seção Educação e Lazer – A atuação da monitoria em disciplinas práticas da graduação em Educação Física no ensino remoto durante a pandemia: um relato de experiência na disciplina Recreação e Lazer
Authors: Silva Maiara Larissa Pereira da , Lima Débora Maria de , Santos Mylli Ketwlly Ferreira dos , Pinheiro Isabeli Lins
Published: November 2022

Este trabalho é um relato de experiência da atuação da monitoria acadêmica na disciplina de Recreação e Lazer da graduação em Educação Física da UFPE no ensino remoto durante a pandemia. Este momento de distanciamento social requerido pela pandemia da Covid-19 culminou na adaptação das aulas para o formato remoto de ensino, com o objetivo de minimizar prejuízos na formação acadêmica. Com base neste cenário, na disciplina de Recreação e Lazer, foi necessário reformular todo o planejamento de ensino e desenvolver dinâmicas lúdicas compatíveis com as aulas práticas neste novo formato de ensino. A experiência da monitoria evidencia bastante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, no qual o conhecimento não é unilateral, ocorre sempre uma troca de saberes que culmina por somar bastante na formação profissional de todos os presentes: professor, monitor e estudantes. Proporciona experiências e aprendizados únicos, em que juntos, professor e monitor, discutem sobre os conteúdos para posteriormente elaborar atividades lúdicas que sejam construtivas com toda a sala e estrutura disponível no ensino remoto.
Cost-Based Evaluation of INA – CBG's Rates in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus Inpatient at Royal Prima Public Hospital Medan
Authors: Sri Astuti Marpaung Febri , Girsang Ermi , Eliza Putri Lubis Yolanda
Published: November 2022

RSU Royal Prima Medan applies the Indonesian Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) system as a payment system for health services for JKN-BPJS patients. This study describes the implementation of the INA-CBGs system in inpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The population of this study are people who play a role in calculating BPJS financing at RSU Royal Prima Medan. The sample used in this study amounted to 4 informants consisting of 1 informant in the BPJS patient register section, 1 Head informant in the BPJS financing calculation section, and 2 staff informants in the BPJS financing calculation section. Data analysis using the Triagulation method. The results showed that the majority of Type II DM patients at RSU Royal Prima Medan were > 50 years old, as many as 29 patients with a percentage of 85.3%, and 15 patients for male and 19 female patients. The implementation of the INA – CBG's system at RSU Royal Prima Medan for inpatients with Type II DM is in accordance with the procedure, the obstacles faced by officers such as when entering data where there are still many writings from doctors that are difficult to understand, the tariff for INA – CBG's packages for Type II DM patients Hospitalization at RSU Royal Prima Medan is adjusted to the patient's condition and to assess the success of implementing the INA – CBG's system at RSU Royal Prima Medan for inpatients with Type II DM as seen from the hospital's income where during the implementation of the INA-CBGs system the hospital did not experience losses, even hospital revenue exceeds the target to be achieved.
Test the Potential of Macadamia Nut Oil (Macadamia F. Muell) As Sunscreen in Cream Preparations In Vitro
Authors: Ulandari Natasia Yessy , Wahyuni Nasution Sri , Suci Tri
Published: November 2022

Background:  Sunlight has a beneficial effect by activating provitamin D3 found in the epidermis of the skin to become vitamin D3. However, excessive sun exposure can also have detrimental effects, especially on the skin. Macadamia nut oil contains vitamin E (tocotrienols and tocopherols) which are natural antioxidants. Macadamia nut oil also contains linoleic acid which is great for softening the skin, regenerating skin cells, moisturizing the skin, and is a natural anti-inflammatory. and helps restore skin barrier function and reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Objectives: To determine whether there is a sunscreen potential from macadamia nut oil, the difference in the SPF value is significant between cream preparations with the addition of macadamia nut oil in various concentrations and to determine the sunscreen category of each macadamia nut oil formulation. Methods: This research was carried out experimentally, including the preparation of macadamia nut oil lotion, pH test, irritation test, and in vitro determination of the SPF (sun protection factor) number using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The addition of macadamia nut oil combined with oxybenzone and octylmetoxycinamate in cream preparations has an average SPF value of F1 (blank) of 9.97; F2 (blank + 2% oxybenzone + 5% octyl methoxycinamate) of 23.14; F3 (1% macadamia nut oil) of 29.39; F4 (5% macadamia nut oil) of 32.99; and F5 (10% macadamia nut oil) of 37.59. The addition of macadamia nut oil in various concentrations gave a significant difference in increasing the SPF value between each formula combined with oxybenzone and octylmetoxycinamate. Conclusion: The addition of macadamia nut oil can increase the effectiveness of the combination oxybenzone and octylmetoxycinamate sunscreen in cream preparations.
Re-evaluating cloud chamber constraints on depositional ice growth in cirrus clouds – Part 1: Model description and sensitivity tests
Authors: Lamb Kara D. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Clouser Benjamin W. , Moyer Elisabeth J. , Sarkozy Laszlo , Ebert Volker , Möhler Ottmar , Saathoff Harald
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Ice growth from vapor deposition is an important process for the evolution of cirrus clouds, but the physics of depositional ice growth at the low temperatures (<235 K) characteristic of the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere is not well understood. Surface attachment kinetics, generally parameterized as a deposition coefficient αD, are expected to limit growth rates in certain cases, but significant discrepancies between experimental measurements have not been satisfactorily explained. Experiments on single ice crystals have previously indicated the deposition coefficient is a function of temperature and supersaturation, consistent with growth mechanisms controlled by the crystal’s surface characteristics. Here we use observations from cloud chamber experiments in the AIDA Aerosol and Cloud Chamber to evaluate surface kinetic models in realistic cirrus conditions involving rapidly changing temperature, pressure, and ice supersaturation, so that depositional ice growth may evolve from diffusion-limited to surface kinetics-limited over the course of a single experiment. In part 1, we describe the adaptation of a Lagrangian parcel model with the Diffusion Surface Kinetics Ice Crystal Evolution (DiSKICE) model (Zhang and Harrington, 2014) to the AIDA Chamber experiments. We compare the observed ice water content and saturation ratios to that derived under varying assumptions for ice surface growth mechanisms for experiments simulating ice clouds between 180 and 235 K and pressures between 150 and 300 hPa. We found that both heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation experiments at higher temperatures (> 205 K) could generally be modeled consistently with either a constant deposition coefficient or with the DiSKICE model assuming growth via abundant surface dislocations. Lower temperature experiments showed more significant deviations from any depositional growth model, with different ice growth rates for heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation experiments.
Machine-learning-based downscaling of modelled climate change impacts on groundwater table depth
Authors: Schneider Raphael , Koch Julian , Troldborg Lars , Henriksen Hans Jørgen , Stisen Simon
Published: November 2022

Abstract. There is an urgent demand for assessments of climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle at high spatial resolutions. In particular, the impacts on shallow groundwater levels, which can lead to both flooding and drought, have major implications for agriculture, adaptation, and urban planning. Predicting such hydrological impacts is typically performed using physically based hydrological models (HMs). However, such models are computationally expensive, especially at high spatial resolutions. This study is based on the Danish national groundwater model, set up as a
distributed, integrated surface–subsurface model at a 500 m horizontal
resolution. Recently, a version at a higher resolution of 100 m was created, amongst others, to better represent the uppermost groundwater table and to meet end-user demands for water management and climate adaptation. However, the increase in resolution of the hydrological model also increases computational bottleneck. To evaluate climate change impacts, a large ensemble of climate models was run with the 500 m hydrological model, while performing the same ensemble run with the 100 m resolution nationwide model was deemed infeasible. The desired outputs at the 100 m resolution were produced by developing a novel, hybrid downscaling method based on machine learning (ML). Hydrological models for five subcatchments, covering around 9 % of Denmark and selected to represent a range of hydrogeological settings, were run at 100 m resolutions with forcings from a reduced ensemble of climate models. Random forest (RF) algorithms were established using the simulated climate change impacts (future – present) on water table depth at 100 m resolution from those submodels as training data. The trained downscaling algorithms were then applied to create nationwide
maps of climate-change-induced impacts on the shallow groundwater table at 100 m resolutions. These downscaled maps were successfully validated against results from a validation submodel at a 100 m resolution excluded from training the algorithms, and compared to the impact signals from the 500 m HM across Denmark. The suggested downscaling algorithm also opens for the spatial downscaling
of other model outputs. It has the potential for further applications where, for example, computational limitations inhibit running distributed
HMs at fine resolutions.
Glacial lake outburst flood hazard under current and future conditions: worst-case scenarios in a transboundary Himalayan basin
Authors: Allen Simon K. , Sattar Ashim , King Owen , Zhang Guoqing , Bhattacharya Atanu , Yao Tandong , Bolch Tobias
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) are a major concern throughout High Mountain Asia, where societal impacts can extend far downstream. This is
particularly true for transboundary Himalayan basins, where risks are expected to further increase as new lakes develop. Given the need for
anticipatory approaches to disaster risk reduction, this study aims to demonstrate how the threat from a future lake can be feasibly assessed
alongside that of worst-case scenarios from current lakes, as well as how this information is relevant for disaster risk management. We have focused on two previously identified dangerous lakes (Galongco and Jialongco), comparing the timing and magnitude of simulated worst-case outburst events from these lakes both in the Tibetan town of Nyalam and downstream at the border with Nepal. In addition, a future scenario has been assessed, whereby an avalanche-triggered GLOF was simulated for a potential large new lake forming upstream of Nyalam. Results show that large (>20×106 m3) rock and/or ice avalanches could generate GLOF discharges at the border with Nepal that are more than 15 times larger than what has been observed previously or anticipated based on more gradual breach simulations. For all assessed lakes, warning times in Nyalam would be only 5–11 min and 30 min at the border. Recent remedial measures undertaken to lower the water level at Jialongco would have little influence on downstream impacts resulting from a very large-magnitude GLOF, particularly in Nyalam where there has been significant development of infrastructure directly within the high-intensity flood zone. Based on these findings, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk management is called for, combining early warning systems with effective land use zoning and programmes to build local response capacities. Such approaches would address the current drivers of GLOF risk in the basin while remaining robust in the face of worst-case, catastrophic outburst events that become more likely under a warming climate.
PEMBENTUKAN LINGKUNGAN BAHASA ARAB BERBASIS “BI’AH LUGHOWIYYAH” MAHASISWA PBA (PENDIDIKAN BAHASA ARAB) UHAMKA JAKARTA (STRATEGI DAN IMPLEMENTASI)
Authors: Rachmawati Miatin
Published: November 2022

Pembentukan Bi’ah Lughowiyyah Bahasa Arab sangat berkaitan erat dengan  sebuah pembelajaran bahasa Arab, khususnya pada pembelajaran maharat al-kalam (ketrampilan berbicara)  merupakan keterampilan pokok yang harus dikuasai oleh para pembelajar dan merupakan salah satu tujuan akhir pembelajaran bahasa Asing. Faktor  yang mendorong mahasiswa  untuk mempelajari bahasa Asing adalah mereka dapat berkomunikasi dengan penutur aslin Bahasa yang dipelajarinya, termasuk sebuah komunikasi lisan. Dan apabila diklasifikasi berdasarkan segi linguistik, keterampilan bahasa Arab  menjadi empat mahārāt atau keterampilan berbahasa, dan diantaranya adalah:  (1) Al-Istima’ (2) Al-Kalam (3) Al-Qiroah  dan (4) Al-Kitabah.. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui implementasi Pembentukan Lingkungan Bahasa Arab Berbasis  “Bi’ah Lughowiyyah” Mahasiswa PBA UHAMKA (strategi  dan implementasi)? Kemudian bagaimana Strategi seorang dosen dalam Pembentukan Lingkungan Bahasa Arab Berbasis  “Bi’ah Lughowiyyah” Mahasiswa PBA UHAMKA khususnya pada masa pandemic saat ini?  Hasil yang didapati dalam peenlitian ini adalah mereka menganggap Lingkungan Bahasa arab itu membosankan menurun menjadi 33%, dari yang awal sebanyak 67% yang menganggap bahwa pembentukan lingkungan Bahasa Arab sangat monoton dan membosankan sebanyak 47% mereka dari yang awalnya sebelum ada pembentukan Bahasa berbasis bi’ah lughowiyyah arobiyyah sebanyak 63%, sedangkan yang menganggap Lingkungan Bahasa Arab sebagai Bahasa komunikasi anak PBA dalam keseharian naik menjadi 68 % dari yang awalnya sebanyak 32%, kemudian  banyak mahasiswa PBA yang berpendapat untuk Selalu memprkatekkan Bi’ah lughowiyyah Bahasa Arab dalam keseharian meningkat menjadi 63% dari yang awalnya hanya sekitar 37%.  Untuk skema perkuliahanya ada beberapa tahap yang harus dilalui. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan Deskriptif grounded theory,,  maksudnya disini  adalah  menggambarkan  sejauh  mana implementasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab ketrampilan berbicara .Pembentukan Lingkungan Bahasa Arab Berbasis  “Bi’ah Lughowiyyah” Mahasiswa PBA UHAMKA
BORÇ YAPILANDIRMA SÖZLEŞMELERİNİN İTİRAZIN İPTALİ DAVASINA ETKİSİ
Authors: PEKSÖZ Vildan
Published: November 2022

Borç yapılandırmaları, ekonomik sıkıntı içerisindeki borçluların borçlarını ödemelerini sağlamaya yöneliktir. Bu sayede alacaklılar, yapılandırma plânına göre borçlarını tahsil etme imkânına sahip olurlar. Ancak yapılandırma aşamasındaki borçların bir kısmının, yapılandırmadan önce icra takibine konu edilmiş olması ihtimal dâhilindedir. İtirazın iptali davası açılmadan önce borç yapılandırılmış olabileceği gibi itirazın iptali davası açıldıktan sonra da yapılandırılabilir. Her iki durumda yapılandırma sözleşmesinin itirazın iptali davasına ne tür etkileri olacağı bu çalışmada tartışılmaktadır. Bu etkilere göre alacaklı veya borçlu lehine icra inkâr tazminatına karar verilmesinin mümkün olup olmadığı değerlendirilmektedir.
Stress and Coping among Perimenopausal Women
Authors: Bhatta Nirmala , Khatry Roshani
Published: November 2022

Introductions: Perimenopause is a transitional stage to menopause. Women may experience greater severity of perimenopausal symptoms associated with an increased level of stress. Experience of perimenopausal symptoms will have a direct effect on how women cope with stress.
Aim: To identify stress and coping among perimenopausal women.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at gynecological and female OPD of Patan Hospital, Lalitpur among 379 perimenopausal women by purposive sampling. Participants were interviewed using Modified Perceived Stress Scale to measure subjective stress perceptions and Modified Brief COPE Inventory to measure specific coping behavior. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, and chi-square were calculated for stress and coping. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between stress and coping.
Results: More than half 207 (54.62%) of the perimenopausal women experienced low, 134 (35.35%) experienced moderate, and only 38 (10.03%) experienced high stress level. Among them 334 (88.13%) used problem-focused, 324 (85.49%) used emotion-focused, and 310 (81.80%) used dysfunctional coping in high level. There were significantly weak negative correlation of stress with problem-focused (r = -.132, p = .010) and emotion-focused (r=-.248, p=0.00) coping.
Conclusion: More than half of the perimenopausal women experienced low stress. The mostly used coping method was problem-focused coping. Women going through perimenopause should be offered education and support for all aspects of this. Stress reduction interventional programs should be designed at community levels.

Keywords: coping, perimenopausal women, stress.
Cognitive Principles and Mechanisms of Text Understanding
Authors: Hasanova Nazakat Aslan
Published: November 2022

The rapid development of text linguistics, which marked the second half of the 20th century, is associated with a whole range of modifications of linguistic values, tasks and program settings. We can talk about the atmosphere of a certain "boom" around this area, which some linguists no longer consider an area, but the foundation, the basis of linguistics as a whole. In the modern interpretation of the text, researchers bring to the fore questions of the communicative plan, the tasks of the conditions for effective communication, which provides an unambiguous interpretation of the units of the created text, as well as the most complete understanding of the text by the recipient.
The relevance of this article lies in the prospects of the cognitive direction in linguistics, in particular the study of the cognitive foundations for understanding the text, since the text is not just the subject of an increasingly lively discussion by researchers working in various fields of the humanities. The text is becoming more and more one of the ways of representing linguistic communication as a process.

Keywords: text understanding, cognitive aspect, cognitive limitation, mechanisms for activity, background knowledge.
Forecasting the Nigeria Foreign Exchange, Leveraging on the Arima Model
Authors: O.T. Adeosun , I.I. Gbadamosi
Published: November 2022

This study seeks to build an appropriate model that will be used to forecast the US Dollar to the Nigerian Naira Exchange Rate. The exchange rate market is known to be unstable; this is due to the constant changes in the economic or market environment of countries. Therefore, forecasting the exchange rate accurately is very important in the economic decisions of countries and the organized private sector. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA model) is used as the basis of the time series analysis to forecast the US dollar to Naira Exchange Rate. We also test to check the stationarity condition of the variable using the time plot and Augmented Dickey Fuller. Data used for this study was derived from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) spanning from 2002 to 2022. After model estimation, identification and diagnostic, results show that ARIMA (1, 1, 1) remains a better model to forecast the US dollar to Naira Exchange Rate.
Unrelated parallel machine scheduling with machine processing cost
Authors: Safarzadeh Hamid , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan
Published: November 2022

In practical scheduling problems, some factors such as depreciation cost, green costs like the amount of energy consumption or carbon emission, other resources consumption, raw material cost, etc., are not explicitly related to the machine processing times. Most of these factors can be generally considered as machine costs. Considering the machine cost as another objective alongside the other classical time-driven decision objectives can be an attractive work in scheduling problems. However, this subject has not been discussed thoroughly in the literature for the case the machines have fixed processing costs. This paper investigates a general unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with the machine processing cost. In this problem, it is assumed that processing a job on a machine incurs a particular cost in addition to processing time. The considered objectives are the makespan and the total cost, which are minimized simultaneously to obtain Pareto optimal solutions. The efficacy of the mathematical programming approach to solve the considered problem is evaluated rigorously in this paper. In this respect, a multiobjective solution procedure is proposed to generate a set of appropriate Pareto solutions for the decision-maker based on the mathematical programming approach. In this procedure, the ϵ-constraint method is first used to convert the bi-objective optimization problem into single-objective problems by transferring the makespan to the set of constraints. Then, the single-objective problems are solved using the CPLEX software. Moreover, some strategies are also used to reduce the solution time of the problem. At the end of the paper, comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed multiobjective solution procedure. A vast range of problem sizes is selected for the test problems, up to 50 machines and 500 jobs. Furthermore, some rigorous analyses are performed to significantly restrict the patterns of generating processing time and cost parameters for the problem instances. The experimental results demonstrate the mathematical programming solution approach's efficacy in solving the problem. It is observed that even for large-scale problems, a diverse set of uniformly distributed Pareto solutions can be generated in a reasonable time with the gaps from the optimality less than 0.03 most of the time.
A Preliminary Study on the Estimation of Phenol content and Extent of Pollution in water bodies near the Plywood Industrial Area, Perumbavoor, Ernakulum (Dist), Kerala, India
Authors: S. Dileesh
Published: November 2022

The Phenol content of two separate water bodies into which effluent is discharged from Plywood Industrial area, Perumbavoor, Ernakulam(Dist), Kerala, India, was analyzed using colourimetric methods by converting phenols and cresols present in the water bodies into red coloured Deoxy- P- Benzoquinonyl B- Resorsalylimine or 5- Methyl – 1,2- Benzoquinonyl B- Resorsalylimine respectively. The Phenol content in water sample- It was found be slightly higher than that of water sample- I. The values obtained were much higher than that of the lethal concentration for aquatic animals and very much harmful to human beings.