bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collective dynamics in the presence of finite-width pulses
Authors: Afifurrahman  , Ullner Ekkehard , Politi Antonio
Published: April 2021

The idealization of neuronal pulses as δ-spikes is a convenient approach in neuroscience but can sometimes lead to erroneous conclusions. We investigate the effect of a finite pulse width on the dynamics of balanced neuronal networks. In particular, we study two populations of identical excitatory and inhibitory neurons in a random network of phase oscillators coupled through exponential pulses with different widths. We consider three coupling functions inspired by leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with delay and type I phase-response curves. By exploring the role of the pulse widths for different coupling strengths, we find a robust collective irregular dynamics, which collapses onto a fully synchronous regime if the inhibitory pulses are sufficiently wider than the excitatory ones. The transition to synchrony is accompanied by hysteretic phenomena (i.e., the co-existence of collective irregular and synchronous dynamics). Our numerical results are supported by a detailed scaling and stability analysis of the fully synchronous solution. A conjectured first-order phase transition emerging for δ-spikes is smoothed out for finite-width pulses.
Ab initio molecular dynamics on quantum computers
Authors: Fedorov Dmitry A. , Otten Matthew J. , Gray Stephen K. , Alexeev Yuri
Published: April 2021

Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) is a valuable technique for studying molecules and materials at finite temperatures where the nuclei evolve on potential energy surfaces obtained from accurate electronic structure calculations. In this work, we present an approach to running AIMD simulations on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ)-era quantum computers. The electronic energies are calculated on a quantum computer using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) method. Algorithms for computation of analytical gradients entirely on a quantum computer require quantum fault-tolerant hardware, which is beyond NISQ-era. Therefore, we compute the energy gradients numerically using finite differences, the Hellmann–Feynman theorem, and a correlated sampling technique. This method only requires additional classical calculations of electron integrals for each degree of freedom without any additional computations on a quantum computer beyond the initial VQE run. As a proof of concept, AIMD simulations are demonstrated for the H2 molecule on IBM quantum devices. In addition, we demonstrate the validity of the method for larger molecules using full configuration interaction wave functions. As quantum hardware and noise mitigation techniques continue to improve, the method can be utilized for studying larger molecular systems.
How adding a single methylene to dihydrofolate reductase can change its conformational dynamics
Authors: Penhallurick Ryan W. , Harold Alliyah , Durnal Maya D. , Ichiye Toshiko
Published: April 2021

Studies of the effects of pressure on proteins from piezophilic (pressure-loving) microbes compared with homologous proteins from mesophilic microbes have been relatively rare. Interestingly, such studies of dihydrofolate reductase show that a single-site mutation from an aspartic acid to a glutamic acid can reverse the pressure-dependent monotonic decrease in activity to that in a monotonic pressure-dependent activation. This residue is near the active site but is not thought to directly participate in the catalytic mechanism. Here, the ways that addition of one carbon to the entire protein could lead to such a profound difference in pressure effects are explored using molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that the glutamate changes the coupling between a helix and the β-sheet due to the extra flexibility of the side chain, which further changes correlated motions of other regions of the protein.
Analysis of low frequency noise in in situ fluorine-doped ZnSnO thin-film transistors
Authors: Yin Xuemei , Chen Yayi , Li Guoyuan , Zhong Wei , Deng Sunbin , Lu Lei , Li Guijun , Kwok Hoi Sing , Chen Rongsheng
Published: April 2021

We report on in situ fluorine-doped ZnSnO (ZTO:F) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated by co-sputtering. The low frequency noise (LFN) characteristics of ZTO:F TFTs under different annealing temperatures and FSnO (FTO) deposition powers are comparatively studied for the first time. The results show that ZTO:F TFTs have the best electrical and LFN characteristics under an FTO deposition power of 25 W and an annealing temperature of 350 °C, while the saturated field effect mobility was measured to be 14.0 cm2 V−1 s−1, the switching current ratio is over 109, and the Hooge parameter is about 10−2 without any passivation. ZTO:F TFTs without rare metals have the potential for low-cost and environmentally safe manufacturing.
Conformational preferences of diallylamine: A rotational spectroscopic and theoretical study
Authors: Silva Weslley G. D. P. , Daudet Gabrielle , Perez Sem , Thorwirth Sven , van Wijngaarden Jennifer
Published: April 2021

The conformational space of diallylamine (DAA) was investigated using rotational spectroscopy from 7 to 19 GHz aided by quantum chemical calculations. Extensive conformational searches using density functional theory B3LYP-D3(BJ) and the ab initio MP2 method with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set identified a total of 42 minima for DAA within ∼22 kJ mol−1. This reveals a strikingly rich conformational landscape for this secondary amine with two equivalent substituents. Experimentally, transitions belonging to four low energy conformers (I, II, III, and IV) were unequivocally assigned in the rotational spectrum, and their patterns were confirmed by the presence of the hyperfine structure owing to the 14N quadrupolar nucleus. The relative intensities of the observed transitions suggest a conformational energy ordering of I < II < III < IV. Natural bond orbital and non-covalent interaction calculations reveal that the geometric preferences for the observed conformers are governed by an interplay of subtle attractive interactions (including hyperconjugation involving the lone pair at nitrogen) and repulsive effects.
Individual error correction drives responsive self-assembly of army ant scaffolds
Authors: Lutz Matthew J. , Reid Chris R. , Lustri Christopher J. , Kao Albert B. , Garnier Simon , Couzin Iain D.
Published: April 2021

Significance

Human-designed infrastructures and networks relying on centralized or hierarchical control are susceptible to single-point catastrophic failure when disrupted. By contrast, most complex biological systems employ distributed control and can be more robust to perturbations. In field experiments with
Eciton burchellii
army ants, we show that scaffold structures, self-assembled by living ants, emerge in response to disrupted traffic on inclines, facilitating traffic flow and stemming losses of foragers and prey. Informed by our observations, we present a theoretical model based on proportional control and negative feedback, which may be relevant to many distributed systems in which group-level properties can be modified through individual error sensing and correction. The mechanism is simple, and ants only require information about their individual state.
Preexisting autoantibodies to type I IFNs underlie critical COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with APS-1
Authors: Bastard Paul , Orlova Elizaveta , Sozaeva Leila , Lévy Romain , James Alyssa , Schmitt Monica M. , Ochoa Sebastian , Kareva Maria , Rodina Yulia , Gervais Adrian , Le Voyer Tom , Rosain Jérémie , Philippot Quentin , Neehus Anna-Lena , Shaw Elana , Migaud Mélanie , Bizien Lucy , Ekwall Olov , Berg Stefan , Beccuti Guglielmo , Ghizzoni Lucia , Thiriez Gérard , Pavot Arthur , Goujard Cécile , Frémond Marie-Louise , Carter Edwin , Rothenbuhler Anya , Linglart Agnès , Mignot Brigite , Comte Aurélie , Cheikh Nathalie , Hermine Olivier , Breivik Lars , Husebye Eystein S. , Humbert Sébastien , Rohrlich Pierre , Coaquette Alain , Vuoto Fanny , Faure Karine , Mahlaoui Nizar , Kotnik Primož , Battelino Tadej , Trebušak Podkrajšek Katarina , Kisand Kai , Ferré Elise M.N. , DiMaggio Thomas , Rosen Lindsey B. , Burbelo Peter D. , McIntyre Martin , Kann Nelli Y. , Shcherbina Anna , Pavlova Maria , Kolodkina Anna , Holland Steven M. , Zhang Shen-Ying , Crow Yanick J. , Notarangelo Luigi D. , Su Helen C. , Abel Laurent , Anderson Mark S. , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Neven Bénédicte , Puel Anne , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Lionakis Michail S.
Published: April 2021

Patients with biallelic loss-of-function variants of AIRE suffer from autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type-1 (APS-1) and produce a broad range of autoantibodies (auto-Abs), including circulating auto-Abs neutralizing most type I interferons (IFNs). These auto-Abs were recently reported to account for at least 10% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in the general population. We report 22 APS-1 patients from 21 kindreds in seven countries, aged between 8 and 48 yr and infected with SARS-CoV-2 since February 2020. The 21 patients tested had auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α subtypes and/or IFN-ω; one had anti–IFN-β and another anti–IFN-ε, but none had anti–IFN-κ. Strikingly, 19 patients (86%) were hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, including 15 (68%) admitted to an intensive care unit, 11 (50%) who required mechanical ventilation, and four (18%) who died. Ambulatory disease in three patients (14%) was possibly accounted for by prior or early specific interventions. Preexisting auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in APS-1 patients confer a very high risk of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia at any age.
An n-th order Lagrangian forward model for large-scale structure
Authors: Schmidt Fabian
Published: April 2021

A forward model of matter and biased tracers at arbitrary
order in Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT) is presented. The
forward model contains the complete LPT displacement field at any
given order in perturbations, as well as all relevant bias operators
at that order and leading order in derivatives. The construction is
done for any expansion history and does not rely on the Einstein-de
Sitter approximation. A large subset of higher-derivative bias
operators is also included. As validation test, we compare the
nLPT-predicted matter density field and that from N-body
simulations using the same initial conditions. For simulations using
a cutoff in the initial conditions, we find subpercent agreement up
to scales of k ∼ 0.2 h
-1 Mpc. We also find subpercent agreement
with full simulations without cutoff, both for the power spectrum
and nonlinear σ8-inference, when allowing for the effective
sound speed. The application to biased tracers (halos) has already
been presented in a recent paper [1].
Research on the Development of Autonomous Race Cars And Impact on Self-driving Cars
Authors: Jiang Alexander
Published: April 2021

The rise of artificial intelligence has drawn attention to self-driving cars. Although a commercial autonomous vehicle still have not appeared on market, autonomous race cars are already fighting for the podium. One of the leading series is Roborace, a special series under FIA specifically to autonomous racing. Season alpha of the series was held in 2019 with two teams competing, Technical University of Munich and Arrival. Autonomous driving functionality contains a holistic software structure containing multiple individual driving functions. This paper analyzes the software employed by team TUM, a leader in autonomous racing software development, on their Devbot 2.0 racecar. The paper concludes the impact of autonomous racing on commercial self-driving cars along with a suggestion of what else can be done to further improve upon the concept.
Multi-UAV Task Assignment Based on Quantum Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yang Wang Zheng , Xin Yan
Published: April 2021

Multi UAV cooperation is an important application of multi UAV cooperation to complete complex tasks. In the aspect of multi UAV system coordination consists of some problems such as difficult to describe complex tasks, difficult to allocate load balancing, and difficult to model tasks. Therefore, making full use of all UAV resources and reasonable task modeling and task allocation to minimize the resource consumption of UAV system is the core problem of multi UAV cooperation. Task allocation is one of the important links of UAV cooperation, which has an important impact on the overall combat effectiveness of the system. This paper establishes the optimization model of multi UAV cooperative task allocation, and then designed a hybrid task allocation method. Quantum genetic algorithm is used for global task allocation in the initial state, and the grouping optimization strategy of hybrid frog leaping algorithm is used to greatly reduce the overall iteration times of the algorithm; the simulated annealing criterion is used to accept new solutions, which can better maintain the diversity of the population and help to jump out of the local extremum.
Optimization of machining parameters based on VERICUT three-axis milling
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Li Wei , Chen Xuerui
Published: April 2021

For the processing of complex parts, it is necessary to determine the optimal processing path and processing technology, in order to ensure its processing accuracy and processing efficiency. Because the complexity of parts, the application of equipment, the method of setting up the process have a direct impact on the processing effect, how to obtain the best processing effect and quality has become the problem that must be solved in the process of intelligent manufacturing. This paper introduces the method of obtaining the best machining parameters of complex parts by using VERICUT software. The experimental results show that the machining parameters obtained by this method can improve the efficiency and quality of machining complex parts by using CAM software. Through this way to complete the processing of complex parts for the complex parts processing technical personnel to provide a certain technical reference and reference role.
A Study of Enhancing Computational Thinking Skills through STEAM Robotics Activities
Authors: Phadung Muneeroh , Yokkhun Atcharaporn , Persoh Sulaiman
Published: April 2021

STEAM robotics activities are designed to be an enhancement on students’ computational thinking skills, which are claimed to be essential for the 21st century. The aims of this study were to examine the learning outcomes of secondary students’ computational thinking skills through the use of STEAM robotics activities, and to investigate the students’ satisfaction after the implementation of STEAM robotics activities. A quasi-experimental research design was deployed in this study. The research participants were 37 eleventh-grade students of Private Islamic Schools in Yala province, Thailand. A quiz with pre- and post-test and satisfaction questionnaires were employed as data. Descriptive statistics – including mean, standard deviation and a pair sample t-test – was used to analyse the collected data. The findings were that students’ learning outcomes indicated a significant improvement in their computational skills after the use of STEAM robotics activities as compared with before, with the statistical level of significance of 0.05. In response to the second research question, the overall satisfaction of the students after the use of such STEAM robotics activities was high (mean=4.01; SD=0.54).
Effects of resource-based learning strategy on the performance in biology of Grade 8 learners
Authors: Mota John Christopher T. , Alia Leemarc C.
Published: April 2021

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of Resource-Based Learning Strategy on the performance in Biology. Specifically, to find out the significant difference on the pretest and posttest scores in Biology of the learners. Experimental research design, the pretest posttest control group design was used. The study was conducted at Manticao National High School, Grade 8 learners section Faith and Generous. There were thirty-five randomly selected learners taught using Resource-Based Learning and thirty-five learners exposed to Lecture Method respectively. T-test revealed showed that there was no significant difference on the learners’ pretest scores of the two groups, since the p-value is 0.1474 which it is greater than 0.05. Moreover, there was a significant difference on the learners’ posttest scores in Biology when taught using Resource-Based Learning and Lecture Method as shown with the p-value of 0.0228 which is lesser than 0.05 level of significant. Paired T-test showed that there was a significant difference on the learners’ pretest and posttest scores in Biology when taught using Resource-Based Learning and Lecture Method. Resource-Based Learning strategy on enhancing learners’ performance in experimental group, as shown in the p-value of 5.18X1007 and Lecture Method has a p-value of 0.0005 and both p-value is less than 0.05 level of significance. This study concluded that Resource-Based Learning strategy can improve the learners ’ performance in Biology by the use of more resources that helps them dis cover further definitions, concepts and ideas and making their learnings more meaningful by sharing their ideas on what they have researched to the class and would help the learners developed their communication skills and to have a lifelong learning.
The Effect of Project-Based Learning in STEM on Students’ Scientific Reasoning
Authors: Koes-H S , Putri N D
Published: April 2021

Scientific reasoning is the ability to face competition in the 21st century, so students must have this ability. Project-based learning (PjBL) will train students to improve their scientific reasoning. This study aims to analyze the influence of PjBL in STEM on students’ scientific reasoning on fluid. This research was the quantitative method with the pretest/posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were 66 high school students of grade XI. Instruments for collecting data collection was the written test with a reliability coefficient of 0.87. The results of the study indicate that the scientific reasoning of students who are leaning through PjBL in STEM is higher than that of students who learn through regular learning. In designing the project, students also train to reason scientifically by considering the size of the products that are made to produce a product that can work well. However, the STEM integrated PjBL is still not optimal in improving aspects of probabilistic reasoning and controlling variables.
Effect of Learning by Design Approach in Teaching Physics
Authors: Magsayo J R , Buan A T , Lahoylahoy M E , Sialongo M T , Habagat R C
Published: April 2021

This paper analyses the effect of the implementation of a STEM lesson plan utilizing Learning by Design approach in teaching Newton’s Third Law of Motion. This study employed one group pretest-posttest research design. Pilot testing of the STEM Lesson was done to develop an enhance lesson activity. The enhance lesson activity was conducted to the 8th-grade students of a public school in one of the Junior High School in Iligan City using the PPITR (Present the scenario, Plan, Implement, Test and Revise) framework. The implementation of this lesson gives opportunity for the students to test and redesign their rocket output Result shows that high, average, and low ability students benefited the learning by design approach.
Developing early childhood students’ creative thinking ability in STEM Education
Authors: Somwaeng Achara
Published: April 2021

This research is a quasi-experimental research. The research aimed to compare the development of creative thinking of kindergarten 2 students before and after learning management according to STEM Education. The intervention of STEM education was developed in order to enhance the kindergarten 2 students to practice STEM knowledge related to their experiences. The intervention consists of 4 units including happy season, the wonderful trip, the colourful little butterflies, and soil-rock-sand as need resources for life. STEM education intervention was organized for 4 weeks. The sample was derived from group randomization. The sample consists of 30 Kindergarten 2 students, Phumvithaya School, Phu Khiao District, Chaiyaphum Province, 1st semester, academic year 2018. Students’ creative thinking was evaluated by the creative measurement form. Data analysis was to use frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and testing the t-results. The results revealed that students held mean score of post intervention creative thinking score (approximately 70 percentages) higher than mean score of prior intervention (approximately 50 percentages) at 0.05 statistical significantly. It indicates that the intervention of STEM education for kindergarten 2 could improve students’ creative thinking.
Enhancing mathematics achievement on solving linear equation for grade 7 students through technology integration under TPCK and SAMR model
Authors: Adulyasas Lilla , Saelee Vorrapot , Yahrah Nureeyah
Published: April 2021

The TPCK and the SAMR model play an important platform for classroom teaching through technology integration. This research aimed to develop the lesson plans on solving linear equation under the TPCK and the SAMR model for classroom teaching. The designed lessons include lessons created by Adobe Captivate 9 program, Plickers application, game on solving linear equation created by Construct 2 program, and Padlet application. Then studied on students’ mathematics achievement and attitude in teaching and learning on the activities created by the researchers through these technology integration. The samples were 30 grade 7 students of Satree Yala School, Muang district, Yala, Thailand who studied in the second semester of 2018 academic year selected by purposive technique. Pretest was given to the students followed by the lessons created by the researchers and posttest was given after completing teaching and learning. The research found that, students’ mathematics achievement on solving linear equation after learning was significantly greater than before learning at .05 significant level and students’ attitude towards learning was in the highest level.
Work immersion performance appraisal and evaluation of Grade 12 STEM students in science and technology-based industries
Authors: Acut Dharel P. , Curaraton Ethel P. , Latonio Guadalupe C. , Latonio Rhett Anthony C.
Published: April 2021

In the Philippines, youth unemployment continues to hinder meaningful economic development due to job-skills mismatch, lack of knowledge and skills training, and work experiences. To address the problem, Department of Education’s (DepEd) K to12 Program added two (2) years of Senior High School which is an advantage for students to develop relevant skills as early as high school. One of the goals of the K to 12 Basic Education Program is to develop the competencies, work ethic, and values relevant to pursuing further education and/or joining the world of work among learners. This study involved twenty-five (25) Grade 12 STEM strand students who were immersed in a science and technology-based industries. The work immersion lasted for eighty (80) hours where students performed different tasks assigned to them by the work immersion partner institution supervisors. The students’ performance appraisal and evaluation were evaluated by their respective supervisors. Results showed that most of the students were evaluated outstanding and that their performance exceeds the required standard. The positive learning gains suggest that work immersion enables the students to acquire and develop the skills of teamwork, communication, attendance and punctuality, productivity and resilience, initiative and proactivity, judgment and decision making, dependability and reliability, attitude, and professionalism. Moreover, the students perceived their experiences as an avenue to test themselves and apply what they have learned in a non-school scenario where they were not only able to apply their previous training but are also able to experience the social interactions in a work environment. Their experiences in science-based work immersion partner institutions developed many skills and values that would help them as they move from high school to real life.
The effects of problem based learning for enhancing science problem solving skills
Authors: Monsang P , Srikoon S , Wichaino N
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of traditional versus problem based learning on high school Science Problem Solving skill. Two class of students were recruited from three classes of grade 7 students at one school in Northern Thailand. Using Pretest – Posttest Control Group Design, Student were assigned to an experimental (N=33) and a control (N=33). The research instruments were 1) Two pedagogical of lesson plans by using Problem Based Learning and 5E Model 2) The Science Problem Solving skill test. which were included 20 items of the multiple choice test. The finding showed that students’ Science Problem Solving skill in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group.
Effects of research-based learning integrated with cognitive training for enhancing critical thinking skill
Authors: Apaivatin R , Srikoon S , Khemkhan A
Published: April 2021

The research aimed to 1) to develop the lesson plans using the research-based learning integrated with cognitive training for grade 9 students and 2) to compare the students’ critical thinking skill between being taught by researched-based learning integrated with cognitive training and by traditional teaching method. The research samples using in this experimental research were grade 9 students of Phayamengrai School, Chiang Rai, Thailand in the academic year 2019 consisting of two samples: the experimental group taught by using research-based learning integrated with cognitive training was 30 students and the control group was 30 students taught by using the traditional lesson, selected by using cluster random sampling. The research instruments were the eight lesson plans focusing on earth and space science spending teaching 12 hours with the high reliability coefficient of 0.86 and the critical thinking skill test with the validity of 0.808. The data were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation and the MANOVA. The finding was the students’ critical thinking skills between two groups were significantly different. Obviously, the students in the experiment condition improved slightly more than those in traditional condition.
Difficulties in implementing STEAM education model at the Northern mountainous preschool in Vietnam
Authors: Dinh Luong Thi
Published: April 2021

STEM education – an educational model of 4.0 era, is an educational trend considered an effective educational model recognized by developed countries in the world. However, to apply this model to Vietnam, it is necessary to pay attention to regional factors to choose which education model is appropriate for children, with the actual level of teachers and facilities condition. Localization is a very important thing before implementing a new spear model. In this report, the author wants to mention the difficulties encountered when implementing STEAM education model at preschool in mountainous areas of Northwest Vietnam with the characteristics of mainly ethnic minorities. We conducted a survey of 32 managers and 460 preschool teachers from 3 provinces of Son La, Dien Bien and Lai Chau to explore these difficulties. Thence, proposing to orient solutions to be able to deploy this educational model effectively.
Application level of STEM education in teaching school mathematics in Vietnam
Authors: Lam Bui Thi Hanh , Nam Nguyen Danh
Published: April 2021

The article presents the potentials of STEM education and the level of application STEM education in teaching mathematics at schools in Vietnam. Based on general education curiculumn, mathematics education curiculumn, teaching facililities at schools, we conducted a survey to investigate the real situation of STEM education in some schools and suggested some solutions for teaching mathematics in the classroom which connected to STEM education. The research results have shown three levels of teaching mathematics in STEM classroom. We have offered the procedure of teaching mathematics in the classroom and designed some STEM activities that integrated science, technology, engineering and mathematics knowledge. We have realized that our approach could be implemented in teaching mathematics at schools in the context of renovating general education curriculum in Vietnam.
Development of a do-it-yourself physics apparatus for STEM learning: standing wave generator
Authors: Malicoban Elesar V , Arboiz Kennette M , Malinog Marlon B , Magumpara Ralph R , Semilla J-Roel , Pamatong Lowell D
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to develop and investigate the efficiency of the DIY Standing Wave apparatus for STEM demonstration and laboratory in Grade 7 for the topic transverse waves under the K-12 curriculum. The efficiency of the apparatus was determined through successive experiments and the percentage error was compared to the Mechanical Wave Vibrator of the College of Science and Mathematics, MSU-IIT. The assessment on the DIY Standing Wave apparatus manual was the basis for the modification of the DIY Standing Wave apparatus and revision of the manual. Results revealed that there was no significant difference in the percentage error between the DIY Standing Wave apparatus and Mechanical Wave Vibrator. The DIY Standing Wave apparatus and the Mechanical Wave Vibrator had an average percentage error of less than ten percent, so the DIY Standing Wave apparatus was also efficient. The manual for the DIY Standing Wave Apparatus can guide teachers on what materials are needed and how to fabricate the apparatus. The manual was appropriate for the DIY Standing Wave apparatus and was intended for the in-service Physics teachers. The apparatus can be a tool for an effective STEM learning.
Development of a supplementary material on modes of heat transfer for STEM learning among grade 7 students
Authors: Malicoban Elesar V , Buco Ivy Marish S , Yaun Donna Alyza A , Mordeno Ivy Claire V , Lasta Neal Alfie Y
Published: April 2021

This study was conducted to develop a supplementary material on the modes of heat transfer for promoting STEM learning among grade 7 students. The supplementary material went through the following stages of development: identification of the topic, draft, evaluation by the thesis adviser and panel members, revision, final evaluation by the in-service teachers and preservice teachers, test for readability, and final revision. The developed supplementary material was found suited for the Grade 7 students by the use of the McLaughlin SMOG formula for the readability. Hence, the supplementary material is highly commendable as an instructional material and it can be a tool for promoting an effective STEM learning.
Development of a do-it-yourself (D.I.Y.) gel electrophoresis apparatus for Grade-12 STEM general biology students
Authors: Gamale Janne Noelle L. , Acut Dharel P. , Niere Karla Marie Frances P. , Silagan Gwen Stephany S. , Curaraton Ethel P. , Latonio Guadalupe C. , Latonio Rhett Anthony C. , Magsayo Joy R.
Published: April 2021

A hurdle to effective science education in schools is often the lack of teaching materials. Teaching science education in the 21st century requires direct visualization and manipulation with effective use and implementation for meaningful learning to occur, thus, unleashing students’ potential towards the lesson, boosting their engagement in learning, and applying the knowledge into skills. This study was carried out to develop a do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus. This study was conducted in Cebu Normal University, Philippines with nineteen (19) teachers from the Methods of Teaching Science and Instructional Trends and Issues Class who evaluated the apparatus in terms of usability and functionality. The respondents tested the Gel Electrophoresis apparatus by conducting the experiment and they evaluated the apparatus’ functionality and usability by using an evaluation sheet which is composed of eleven (11) usability questions, four (4) functionality questions. Suggestions were also asked to improve the said apparatus. After gathering data, the suggestions made by the respondents were incorporated which resulted to the improved D.I.Y. Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus. A manual with the procedures was also designed to further guide students and teachers on how to build the apparatus. With the findings and results obtained in the study, the respondents recommended the usage of the developed do-it-yourself gel electrophoresis apparatus in their respective classes and agreed that it is a good source of learning the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological technique. The apparatus was easy to set-up and is of low-cost. During experimentation, the apparatus yielded with a positive result – the separation of food dyes which follows the principle of gel electrophoresis. Moreover, the experiment encourages creativity and it helps with the understanding of the nature of DNA and the concept of gel electrophoresis as a 21st century biological skills.
Development of a do-it-yourself physics equipment in electromagnetism: brushless generator
Authors: Malicoban Elesar V , Belnas Ivan C , Marc P Uy Francis , Lahoylahoy Myrna E , Mordeno Ivy Claire V
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this study was to develop a DIY Physics equipment, brushless generator, to be used in demonstrating the concepts of electromagnetism. This study employed quantitative and qualitative methods in analyzing and interpreting data. The equipment and its illustrative paper were designed by the researchers. Rating sheets were used to assess the workability of the equipment and illustrative paper. Enhancements were made by the researchers to improve the workability of the equipment as well as the illustrative paper. The pre-service and in-service Physics teachers assessed the DIY Physics equipment as workable. The illustrative paper was appropriate to the in-service Physics teachers and DIY Physics equipment.
Supporting interdisciplinary instruction on science, mathematics and technology for Thai gifted students: centered on Raiwa lesson plan
Authors: Chatmaneerungcharoen S. , Sricharoen N.
Published: April 2021

This study focuses on teacher development through the continually action workshop of technology-enhanced integration STEM framework. The primary goal was the ambition to integrate active learning activity into national teacher training for gifted classrooms, which is provided by The Institution for the Promoting of Teaching Science and Technology—with teaching practice, aligned with professional development on teacher’s understanding of STEM activity. The study aims to identify how teachers develop their understanding of Raiwa-STEM activity, which is shown in their lesson plans. Therefore, the study focused on developing 900 in-service teachers who were science, mathematics and computer teachers that participated in this national teacher training. Data sources throughout the research project consisted of Lesson Plan Assessment, Semi-structure interviews, and document analysis. Interpretive framework was used to analyze the data. Research findings indicate that these research participants who were the teachers work closely with gifted students that have developed their understanding on the Raiwa-STEM activity. Collaboration work among teachers from different subjects encourages them to understand how the STEM activity looks like and how it transfers into an active classroom. After the teachers have experienced with Raiwa activities, they were assigned to develop their classroom implementations which were shown in their Raiwa-STEM lesson plans. From data analysis the teachers can design a connecting STEM lesson into student’s daily life, and create evaluation and assessment of the STEM classroom. The development of teachers’ understanding and practice is presented in their lesson plans that are produced during training. 75.90 % of the total STEM Lesson plans are of a good level. Moreover, the study also indicates the importance of co-working among teachers from different expertise areas in sub activities preparation that can build interdisciplinary connection of STEM concepts. Raiwa is an example of interdisciplinary instruction which can provide stud ents the use of technology-integrated knowledge and the potential of STEM-focused education to provide all students with the opportunities of STEM experience.
The Development of Teaching Model based-on Educational Neuroscience to Enhance Mathematics Achievement
Authors: Srikoon S
Published: April 2021

The purposes of this research were 1) to develop the teaching model based on Educational Neuroscience Approaches to enhance the mathematics achievement, and 2) to compare the mathematics achievements between the experimental group and the control group. The methodology of this study was the research and development consisting of three phases as follows; Phase I Synthesis a Prototype, Phase II Developing a Prototype, Phase III Testing a Prototype. Th e results of this study revealed that 1) the syntax of the teaching model including Convince, Construct, Connect, and Conversant or 4Con Teaching Model, 2) the mathematics achievement mean score of the teaching model was better than the 5E model’s. The findings contributed significantly to current knowledge on the effectiveness of the teaching model based on Educational Neuroscience Approaches to enhance student learning outcomes in terms of mathematics achievement.
How engineering notebook supporting Thai elementary student practice in STEM learning
Authors: Tientongdee S , Ficklin K
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the use of engineering notebooks to foster 5th grade Thai student engagement and the learning of engineering practices in STEM education. This study examines how students? engineering notebooks support student work during design challenges. Through educational ethnography and discourse analysis, transcripts of student talk and action were created and coded around the uses of engineering notebooks at three Thai elementary schools in Bangkok, Thailand. Our coding process identified two broad categories of roles for the notebooks: scaffold student activity and support practices of engineering design. The study showed the importance of prompts was to engage students in communicating, writing, drawing, and redesigning in the small group by having an engineering notebook as a tool to support their learning.
STEM education learning activity: making simple tool to produce analog rice
Authors: Koes-H Supriyono , Latifa Baiq Rizkia Ayu , Hasanati Alvi , Fitriana Agnes , Yuenyong Chokchai , Sutaphan Sukanya , Praipayom Napaphan
Published: April 2021

The paper will clarify STEM education learning activity of making simple tool to produce analong rice. The developed lesson plan is developed as collaboration among Physics, Chemistry and Biology teachers to address the issue on rice issue. The STEM education learning activity will be developed based on Sutaphan and Yuenyong [11] the context-based STEM education learning approach. The activity will start from identification of social issue of consumption of rice. The issue will engage students to develop projects for solutions. Consuming rice can trigger several types of diseases. Display the disease that will be suffered because of excessive consumption of rice. Starting from that thought, it would be very suitable if STEM was applied in the development of ideas related to making simple tools to produce analog rice. Through the context-based STEM education learning approach, students may motivate students to apply knowledge about physics, chemistry, and biology in order to design some technology prototypes or products through engineer design process. To design a tool for making simple analog rice, students may apply the principle of thermodynamics, classifying the nutritional content of the ingredients, and mixing the ingredients in terms of the tools. This paper may have implications for designing STEM education learning activities.
Teaching material and energy topics in Grade 5 science curriculum based on STEM education
Authors: Duc Luong Phuc , Hoa Dam Thi
Published: April 2021

STEM-oriented education is one of the inevitable trends of world education in order to improve the quality of human resources in the 4.0 industrial era. In this orientation, learners have many opportunities to apply their knowledge into practice, know how to apply and synthesize knowledge of science, technology, technology and mathematics to create products on demand within their ability. Currently, STEM education in Vietnam has gradually been applied to a number of subjects at all educational levels. Science curriculum in elementary schools has very suitable content in STEM orientation. In this study, we conduct a research on theoretical basis and design teaching process for some contents under the topic “Material and energy” in the science program of grade 5 oriented to STEM education which contributes to the improvement of teaching science subjects at elementary schools.
PLC model for science teacher development at the basic educational level
Authors: Wetwiriyasakul Phasarabet , Kaeomani Chachawee , Suwanmanee Silchai
Published: April 2021

This research involves the development of community to improve educational quality standard for Science teachers at the basic education institutions participating in the Chevron Enjoy Science. The aim is to study effective PLC elements contributing to the success of the selected educational models. Methodology included educational research process has been divided into three stages. These included 1) stage one is to study element factors, 2) stage two is to develop and to test PLC model suitable for the targeted PLC program, and 3) stage three is to analyze the effects of using the PLC model. The participants included 27 science teachers, 11 school administrators and 120 students from 11 school models. The research instruments consist of a) PLC Manual, b) Academic Quality Assessment Form, c) Science Classroom Observation Form, d) Model Satisfactory Questionnaires, and e) Science Classroom Management Survey. The content analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative studies; using median (x) and S.D. analysis. Findings revealed that the PLC developed the Science Classroom PLC model has been called “ATARE Model.” The ATARE Model represents five different stages including 1) Assessment of Needs (A); 2) Team Sharing (T); 3) Action (A); 4) Reflection (R); and 5) Evaluation (E). The ATARE Model has contributed to the success of science classroom pedagogical practices in the following issues. Firstly, the increase educational quality is in the “very much” response category with the statistical significance is at .05. The model science teachers were able to use the “active learning” strategy in conducting inquiry based scientific pedagogy in classroom through the friendly PLC atmosphere. Secondly, the educational school administrators were satisfied with the PLC model in the “very much” response rate. The students were motivated to learn science in the teamwork manner. Thirdly, students believe that the science teachers were able to create the friendly learning atmosphere for the classrooms.
Qualitative study on difficulties of non-physics majors teaching physics: basis for competency enhancement for teaching STEM
Authors: Malicoban Elesar V , Omra Juhainie S , Guinar Nasrima M , Acma Kristine Ann L , Go Geraldine P , Mordeno Ivy Claire V
Published: April 2021

This study, which aimed to investigate qualitatively the factors that contribute to the difficulties encountered by non-Physics majors teaching Physics, serve as the basis for competency enhancement for teaching STEM. The study was limited to thirty (30) non-Physics major teachers teaching Physics from nine (9) public and private schools in the coastal areas of Iligan City. Grounded Theory Methodology and Thematic Analysis were used in analyzing the data. The study found out that there are five (5) factors that contribute to the difficulties encountered by non-Physics majors in teaching Physics. These are: Facilities and Equipment; Sufficiency of Learning Materials and References; Teachers Readiness and Attitude towards teaching Physics; Learners’ Readiness and Attitude towards Physics; and Curriculum. Based on the findings, Reasons of Difficulty Theory was formulated. Non-Physics majors had difficulties in teaching Physics due to some factors which are embodied in the three (3) elements of this theory. These are Readiness, Resources, and Curriculum.
Competency model of designing competency assessment tool: A pilot study with Vietnamese science pre-service teacher
Authors: Tra Do Huong , Linh Nguyen Thi Dieu
Published: April 2021

Assessment in STEM education is a difficult activity. It requires teachers to have the competence of designing a competency assessment tool (CDCAT). This article proposes the model of CDCAT. The components and behavioral indicators of the CDCAT were proposed based on analyzing the thinking process when designing an assessment tool. The model was built through a rigorous multi-step research process that ensures the value and reliability of the model. The pilot of 53 science pre-service teachers also showed that the model has a guiding effect on the design of the assessment tool in teaching science.
Teachers’ views on implementing STEM education at secondary schools in Nam Dinh province
Authors: Thang Le Van
Published: April 2021

The goal of STEM education not only helps students master knowledge, but also aims at practical access through practical activities. Although the policy of introducing STEM education into the subject is available, teachers and educational administrators at the secondary schools still face many challenges in implementing STEM education in the subjects. Based on the main contents of the STEM education training materials of the Ministry of Education and Training, we designed a survey on the implementation of STEM education in secondary schools. The survey results from 150 teachers and educational administrators at secondary schools in Nam Dinh province indicate the advantages and challenges in implementing STEM education in schools, and also reflect the actual effectiveness of training courses, training materials for STEM education. Teachers’ opinions from the survey also suggest practical themes in order to implement STEM education efficiently.