bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of transition of the strategy from glucosecentricity to organoprotection when prescribing antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the perimenapause
Authors: Smirnov V. V. , Semenova Yu. B. , Shapovalova A. B. , Matveeva N. N. , Zubarev V. A.
Published: November 2023

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases associated with these conditions remain one of the largest global health problems. According to statistics, at least 90 % of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are obese or at least overweight (BMI > 25). Very often, the cause of death in this cohort of patients is the development of a cardiovascular catastrophe. Currently, there is a gradual rejection of the exclusively glucose-centric concept of type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy in favor of an organoprotective one. In this article, we examined the possibility of using various groups of incretinomimetics (DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists) in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in perimenopause, and comparing their effects with traditional metformin therapy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of non – insulin antidiabetic drugs from the class of incretinomimetics on risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in perimenopause.

Object and methods. A dynamic examination of three groups of patients was carried out. The first group (n = 22) received therapy with the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide, the second group (n = 30) metformin therapy and the third (n = 19) with the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin. All patients, in addition to general clinical examination, assessment of the dynamics of weight loss and insulin resistance, underwent a dynamic study of triglyceride levels, low – density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as markers of general inflammation – C-reactive protein and interleukin-6.

Results. The results of the study showed that semaglutide and metformin were equally effective in reducing body weight, but metformin and linagliptin did not significantly affect the level of atherogenic fractions of the lipidogram, unlike semaglutide. Nevertheless, both semaglutide, linagliptin, and metformin reduced the level of markers of general inflammation.

Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to discern a certain cardioprotective potential not only in agonists of GLP-1, but also in representatives of the class of DPP-4 inhibitors, which requires further research.
Occupational risk factors impact on the reproductive system of female flight attendants in civil aviation (literature review)
Authors: Dmitrenko A. R. , Timoshkova Yu. L. , Kurmanbaev T. E.
Published: November 2023

The review article discusses the issues of studying occupational factors on the reproductive health of female flight attendants. The purpose of the study is to identify a correlation between reproductive health disorders of flight attendants and flight factors. Literature data from the Fundamental Library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov, online sci-hub library «CyberLeninka», e-library and PubMed was analyzed and systematized. Such professional factors as: ionizing radiation, physical stress in flight, work in a plantigrade position, disturbance of the regime of working, resting time and eating patterns, constant change of climatic zones, desynchronosis, – were identified. An analysis of the literature has shown that a number of issues related to flight factors and women's health remain poorly understood. It is advisable to study in detail the flight factors: vibration, noise, acceleration, hypoxia, pressure drops, and their impact on the reproductive system of female specialists working in aviation.
Current methods of modeling depression in animals and approaches to the study of their efficiency in biomedical research (review of the problem)
Authors: Gromova D. S. , Popova N. R. , Pavlova O. N. , Myakisheva Yu. V. , Pavlenko S. I.
Published: November 2023

Depressive disorders are one of the leading problems of modern health care. Their prevalence in the world ranges from 4.4 to 20 % of the population, and in Russia the incidence of depression reaches 20 %. The study of depressive disorders is relevant not only from the point of view of psychiatry and behavioral therapy, but also occupies a leading place in neurological practice, since more than a quarter of the population with chronic neurological diseases suffer from depression. Currently, most basic biomedical research on depressive disorders is carried out using laboratory animals. However, the protocols for experimental modeling and analysis of behavioral patterns are very diverse, which creates certain difficulties in planning research. This review is aimed at describing, analyzing, comparing and systematizing possible approaches to creating experimental models of depression in animals, and also contains criteria for model validation and a description of behavioral tests to assess anxiety-depressive disorders.
Features of bioelectric brain activity in people with different level of situational anxiety when performing non-verbal tasks
Authors: Pavlenko S. I. , Gromova D. S. , Vedyasova O. A. , Kovalev A. M. , Budaev A. I.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study: to analyze the parameters of the electroencephalogram in individuals with different levels of anxiety when performing non-verbal tasks.

Object and methods. The study was conducted on 20 female students, aged 18 to 22 years. All studies were carried out on a voluntary basis, confirmed in writing, in compliance with bioethical standards governing the conduct of observations on humans. The level of situational anxiety was determined using the Spielberg-Khanin test.The spectral power of the electroencephalogram rhythms was recorded using the NVX 36 digital DC EEG neurovisor using a cap with a set of electrodes that were placed on the head of the subjects according to the international 10–20 system. The EEG recording lasted 1–2 minutes before and during the performance of nonverbal tasks. As non-verbal tasks, the subjects were asked to complete the Portsus maze test and the Cattell intellectual test. The results obtained were statistically processed. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. All data obtained are presented as arithmetic means ± standard errors of the mean, as well as changes in average values in %.

Research results. It was found that the dynamics of EEG parameters in the performance of nonverbal tasks in students depends on the level of their situational anxiety. In persons with a low level of situational anxiety, when performing nonverbal tasks, an increase in the spectral power of the EEG parameters of beta2 and gamma waves in the frontal, parietal, occipital, and central leads is observed.In subjects with an average level of anxiety in the conditions of performing non-verbal tasks, the EEG parameters of beta2 and gamma waves in the frontal, occipital, and parietal leads noticeably increased. Persons with a high level of anxiety are characterized by an increase in the spectral power of alpha, beta2 and gamma rhythms in the frontal, central, parietal and occipital leads.
Cellular Response to an Act of Surviving Drives Tumor Evolution and Tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhang Yuntian
Published: November 2023

Tumor heterogeneity is a major obstacle to achieving consistent outcomes in cancer therapy. We offer a novel perspective on tumor heterogeneity, informed by an advanced understanding of tumor evolution. We understand any cells, or any organism, will inherently respond with specific capacities when faced with adversity. Our concepts, which extend beyond canonical views, posit that tumor evolution is driven by cellular responses to survival challenges. The disease is driven by a rudimentary action taken by any organism when confronted with adversity - a cellular response to generate specific capacities to overcome the threat - the responses that utilize advantageous genetic mutations and other cellular contents to attain these capacities and further drive the disease. The disease is initiated by a cellular response to survival challenges and the ongoing development of hallmark cancer capabilities, as cells endeavor to obtain a competitive advantage, results in increased molecular disarray, observed as tumor heterogeneity. When the evolutionary drive for survival is impeded by therapeutic inhibition of critical genes, cell death occurs, a phenomenon termed oncogene addiction. Drawing from the same idea that cells responding to survival challenges, we recognize the increasing primitiveness of cancer during its progress stems from the innate cellular response to the demand for regeneration under sustained cellular damage. This necessitates a regression to a more primitive state purposed to renew progeny, unleashing a hitherto undiscerned cellular capacity. Taken together, the ideas explored herein pave the way for novel cancer therapies and the betterment of human health.
Recognition of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor by Specific S100 Proteins
Authors: Kazakov Alexey S. , Rastrygina Victoria A. , Vologzhannikova Alisa A. , Zemskova Marina Y. , Bobrova Lolita A. , Deryusheva Evgenia I. , Permyakova Maria E. , Sokolov Andrey S. , Litus Ekaterina A. , Shevelyova Marina P. , Uversky Vladimir N. , Permyakov Eugene A. , Permyakov Sergei E.
Published: November 2023

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic myelopoietic growth factor and proinflammatory cytokine, clinically used for multiple indications and serving as a promising target for treatment of many disorders, including cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, asthma, COVID-19. We have previously shown that dimeric Ca2+-bound forms of S100A6 and S100P proteins, members of the multifunctional S100 protein family, are specific to GM-CSF. To probe selectivity of these interactions, the affinity of recombinant human GM-CSF to dimeric Ca2+-loaded forms of 18 recombinant human S100 proteins was studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Of them, only S100A4 protein specifically binds to GM-CSF with equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd, values of 0.3-2 μM, as confirmed by intrinsic fluorescence and chemical crosslinking data. Calcium removal prevents S100A4 binding to GM-CSF, whereas monomerization of S100A4/A6/P proteins disrupts S100A4/A6 interaction with GM-CSF and induces a slight decrease in S100P affinity for GM-CSF. Structural modelling indicates the presence in the GM-CSF molecule of a conserved S100A4/A6/P-binding site, consisting of the residues from its termini, helices I and III, some of which are involved in the interaction with GM-CSF receptors. The predicted involvement of the ‘hinge’ region and F89 residue of S100P in GM-CSF recognition was confirmed by mutagenesis. Examination of S100A4/A6/P ability to affect GM-CSF signaling showed that S100A4/A6 inhibit GM-CSF/S100-induced suppression of viability of monocytic THP-1 cells. The ability of the S100 proteins to modulate GM-CSF activity is relevant to progression of various neoplasms and other diseases, according to bioinformatics analysis. The direct regulation of GM-CSF signaling by extracellular forms of the S100 proteins should be taken into account in the clinical use of GM-CSF and development of the therapeutic interventions targeting GM-CSF or its receptors.
Clinical and Microbiological Impact of Implementing a Decision Support Algorithm Through Microbiologic Rapid Diagnosis in Critically Ill Patients. An Epidemiological Retrospective Pre/Post Intervention Study
Authors: Rodriguez Alejandro H , Gomez Frederic , Sarvisé Carolina , Gutierrez Cristina , Galofre-Giralt Montserrat , Guerrero-Torres María Dolores , Pardo-Granell Sergio , Benavent-Bofill Clara , Trefler Sandra , Berrueta Julen , Canadell Laura , Claverias Laura , Esteve-Pitarch Erika , Olona Montserrat , García-Pardo Graciano , Teixido Xavier , Bordonado Laura , Sans-Mateu María Teresa , Bodí María
Published: November 2023

Background: Data on the benefits of rapid microbiological testing on antimicrobial consumption (AC) and antimicrobial resistance patterns(ARP) are scarce. We evaluated the impact of a protocol based on rapid techniques on AC and ARP in intensive care (ICU) patients. Methods: Retrospective pre(2018) and post-intervention(2019-21) study in ICU patients. A rapid diagnostic algorithm was applied from 2019 in patients with lower respiratory tract infection. Incidence of nosocomial infection, ARP, and AC as DDD(defined daily dose) were monitored. Results: A total of 3635 patients were included, 987(pre-intervention) and 2648(post-intervention). A median age was 60 years, 64% male, with APACHE II of 19 points and SOFA of 3 points. Overall ICU mortality of 17.2% without differences between the periods. An increase in the number of infections was observed in the post-intervention period(44.5% vs 17.9%, p<0.01), especially due to an increase in ventilator-associated pneumonia(44.6% vs 25%,p<0.001). AC decreased from 128.7 DDD in 2018 to 66.0 DDD in 2021(Rate Ratio=0.51). A recovery of P.aeruginosa susceptibility of 23% for Piperacillin/tazobactam and 31% for Meropenem was observed. Conclusion: The implementation of an algorithm based on rapid microbiological diagnostic techniques allowed a significant reduction in AC and ARP without affecting the prognosis of critically ill patients.
Molecular Landscape of Borderline Ovarian Tumors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sadłecki Paweł , Walentowicz-Sadłecka Małgorzata
Published: November 2023

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) show intriguing characteristics distinguishing them from other ovarian tumors. This unique type of non-invasive neoplasms is characterized by atypical growth of epithelial cells, nuclear atypia, and a moderate-level mitotic activity that places BOTs between benign tumors and invasive cancers. Similar to invasive carcinomas, BOTs can be categorized into six histological subtypes based on the type of epithelial cells present. The most prevalent subtypes are serous and mucinous BOTs, whereas endometrioid, clear cell, seromucinous, and borderline Brenner tumors are diagnosed less often. Noticeably, molecular changes found in BOTs can vary on a case-by-case basis, which warrants further research on the molecular landscape of these tumors. Identifying carcinogenic mutations through molecular analysis and developing targeted therapies represent significant advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian malignancies.

A growing body of evidence indicates that BOTs often remain clinically dormant for extended periods before a molecular trigger initiates increased cell replication, potentially leading to carcinoma development or recurrence. Continued research in this area is crucial for improving risk assessment and developing personalized treatment approaches. While molecular studies have contributed significantly to our understanding of BOT pathogenesis, substantial research is still required to elucidate the relationship between ovarian neoplasms and extraneous disease, identify accurate prognostic indicators, and develop targeted therapeutic approaches. The aim of the present systematic review was to analyze the spectrum of molecular changes found in BOTs and discuss their significance in the context of the overall therapeutic approach.
“DrownSafe” Project: Could Puppets Be an Effective Tool to Teach Drowning Prevention?
Authors: Peixoto-Pino Lucía , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Paz-García Begoña , Varela-Casal Cristina , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Gómez-Silva Adrián , Rico-Diaz Javier , Rodríguez-Núñez Antonio
Published: November 2023

Drowning remains a prominent global pediatric health concern, necessitating preventive measures such as educational initiatives for children and caregivers. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and educational effectiveness of an interactive puppet show centered on water safety for children and parents. A 30-minute original theater performance, featuring two actors and three puppets (a girl, a crab, and a lifeguard), was conducted. Subsequently, 185 children (aged 4 to 8) and their 160 parents (134 mothers and 26 fathers) participated in this quasi-experimental study. Pre- and post-show tests were administered to evaluate knowledge and behaviors in aquatic environments. Prior to the puppet show, 78% of children exhibited basic aquatic competency. Only 33% considered swimming alone risky. Following the intervention, 81.6% of children changed their perception of the risks of solo beach activities, showing improved knowledge of emergency number activation (from 63.2% to 98.9%, p<0.001). The intervention increased parents' intention to visit lifeguard-patrolled beaches and improved their CPR knowledge for drowning victims by 58.8%. In conclusion, a drowning prevention puppet show positively impacts children and parents, potentially enhancing safety behaviors during water-related leisure activities, warranting consideration as part of comprehensive drowning prevention strategies.
Transcriptional Reprogramming of Candida tropicalis in Response to Isoespintanol Treatment
Authors: Contreras Martínez Orfa Inés , Angulo Ortíz Alberto , Santafé Patiño Gilmar , Aviña-Padilla Katia , Velasco María Camila , Yasnot-Acosta Maria F.
Published: November 2023

Candida tropicalis, an opportunistic pathogen, ranks among the primary culprits of invasive candidiasis, a condition notorious for its resistance to conventional antifungal drugs. The urgency to combat these drug-resistant infections has spurred the quest for novel therapeutic compounds, with a particular focus on those of natural origin. In this study, we set out to evaluate the impact of Isoespintanol (ISO), a monoterpene derived from Oxandra xylopioides, on the transcriptome of C. tropicalis. Leveraging transcriptomics, our research aimed to unravel the intricate transcriptional changes induced by ISO within this pathogen. Our differential gene expression analysis unveiled 186 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to ISO, with a striking 85% of these genes experiencing upregulation. These findings shed light on the multifaceted nature of ISO's influence on C. tropicalis, spanning a spectrum of physiological, structural, and metabolic adaptations. The upregulated DEGs predominantly pertained to crucial processes, including ergosterol biosynthesis, protein folding, response to DNA damage, cell wall integrity, mitochondrial activity modulation, and cellular responses to organic compounds. Simultaneously, 27 genes were observed to be repressed, affecting functions such as cytoplasmic translation, DNA damage checkpoints, membrane proteins, as well as metabolic pathways like trans-methylation, trans-sulfuration, and trans-propylamine. These results underscore the complexity of ISO's antifungal mechanism, suggesting that it targets multiple vital pathways within C. tropicalis. Such complexity potentially reduces the likelihood of the pathogen developing rapid resistance to ISO, making it an attractive candidate for further exploration as a therapeutic agent. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive overview of the transcriptional responses of C. tropicalis to ISO exposure. The identified molecular targets and pathways offer promising avenues for future research and the development of innovative antifungal therapies to combat infections caused by this pathogenic yeast.
Intranasally Delivered Adenoviral Vector Protects Chickens against Newcastle Disease Virus: Vaccine Manufacturing and Stability Assessments for Liquid and Lyophilized Formulations
Authors: Farnós Omar , Martins Fernandes Paes Barbara Cristina , Getachew Belayneh , Rourou Samia , Chaaban Amani , Gelaye Esayas , Kamen Amine A.
Published: November 2023

Newcastle Disease (ND) remains a critical disease affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries, repeated outbreaks have a major impact on local economies and food security. Recently, we developed an adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding the Fusion protein from an Ethiopian isolate of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). The adenoviral vector was designed and a manufacturing process developed in the context of the Livestock Vaccine Innovation Fund initia-tive funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. The industrial-ly-relevant recombinant vaccine technology platform is being transferred to the National Veteri-nary Institute (Ethiopia) for veterinary applications. Here, we demonstrate that the instillation of the adenoviral vector through the nasal cavity can confer protection to chickens against a lethal challenge with NDV. A manufacturing process using HEK293 suspension cells cultured in stirred-tank bioreactor for the vaccine production is proposed. Taking into consideration supply chain limitations, options for serum-free media selection have been evaluated. A streamlined downstream process including a filtration, an ultrafiltration and a concentration step was de-veloped. With high volumetric yields (infectious titers up to 5 x 109 TCID50/mL) in the culture su-pernatant, the final formulations were prepared at 1010 TCID50/mL, either in liquid or lyophi-lized forms. The liquid formulation was suitable and safe for mucosal vaccination and was sta-ble for 1 week at 37˚C. Both liquid and lyophilized formulations were stable after 6 months of storage at 4˚C. Overall, a manufacturing process for adenovirus vectored vaccine was developed and protective doses were determined using a convenient route of delivery. Formulation and storage conditions were established, and quality control protocols were implemented.
Psychosocial Work Conditions as Determinants of Well-Being in Jamaican Police Officers: The Mediating Role of Perceived Job Stress and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Nelson Kenisha , Smith Andrew P
Published: November 2023

Policing is considered a high-stress occupation due to the demanding nature of the job. Addressing police stress requires a detailed understanding of how psychosocial risk factors influence various aspects of their well-being. Moreover, an analysis of the direct effects of work conditions and the mediating effects of cognitive appraisals is also warranted. Using the Demands-Resources-Individual Effects (DRIVE) model of work-related stress [19], this study investigated the direct effects of work conditions on well-being and also examined the intermediate role of perceived job stress and job satisfaction in the relationship between work conditions and well-being. Five hundred and seventy-eight police officers from the Jamaica Constabulary Force (J.C.F.) completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regressions and the Hayes Process tool for mediation analysis. Both perceived job stress and satisfaction mediated the relationship between work conditions and general physical health. Perceived job stress was an indirect pathway through which work conditions influenced psychological distress, whereas job satisfaction was not a significant mediator. In contrast, job satisfaction mediated the relationship between work conditions and positive well-being, but perceived job stress did not. These findings provide significant evidence for periodically monitoring and auditing perceptions of stress and job satisfaction as they are likely precursors to subsequent health problems.
Microbial Therapy and Breast Cancer Management: Exploring Mechanisms, Clinical Efficacy, and Integration Within the One Health Approach
Authors: Filippou Charalampos , Themistocleous Sophie C. , Marangos Giorgos , Panayiotou Yiannis , Fyrilla Maria , Kousparou Christina A. , Pana Zoi-Dorothea , Tsioutis Constantinos , Johnson Elizabeth O. , Yiallouris Andreas
Published: November 2023

This comprehensive review elucidates the profound relationship between the human microbiome and breast cancer managrement. Recent findings highlight the significance of microbial alterations in tissues, such as the gut and the breast, and their role in influencing breast cancer risk, development, progression, and treatment outcomes. We delve into how the gut microbiome can modulate systemic inflammatory responses and estrogen levels, thereby impacting cancer initiation and therapeutic drug efficacy. Furthermore, we explore the unique microbial diversity within breast tissue, indicating potential imbalances brought about by cancer and highlighting specific microbes as promising therapeutic targets. Emphasizing a holistic One Health approach, this review underscores the importance of integrating insights from human, animal, and environmental health to gain a deeper understanding of the complex microbe-cancer interplay. As the field advances, strategic manipulation of the microbiome and its metabolites presents innovative prospects for enhancing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. However, rigorous clinical trials remain essential to confirm the potential of microbiota-based interventions in breast cancer management.
Measuring Household Perception and Adaptation to Drought Occurrence: A Heckman Model Approach
Authors: Abdulahi Abduselam , Chauke PK , Karthika P
Published: November 2023

Drought is a long period of unusually low rainfall and can have serious effects on people's lives. It is caused by various factors such as climate change, deforestation, and the overuse of water re-sources. In the Somali region of Ethiopia, Kebri Dehar is the most at risk and most likely to have a drought. The lack of rainfall and high temperatures in Kebri Dehar have led to drought. Man-aging drought is the most challenging and complex problem. The purpose of this study is to as-sess household perception of drought hazards occurrence and adaptation. Additionally, the study aims to design a drought resilience mechanism matrix to mitigate its impact on the local commu-nity. This study used the Heckman two-stage model, which is useful in measuring drought per-ception as it accounts for potential selection bias and allows for the identification of factors that influence individuals' perceptions of drought. Gender, severity of drought, water shortage, tem-perature, drought frequency, and long dry season all have a positive effect on adaptation of resil-ience mechanisms to drought hazards, while food availability and rainfall have a negative effect. It is important for governments and individuals to act to mitigate the effects of the drought. Ef-forts to address the issue require a multi-participation approach that involves household, com-munity, and institutional level participation is needed for adopting drought resilience mecha-nisms.
Effects of Organic Metabolites of Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryote on Corrosion of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Li Jinrong , Yu Zhenhua , Zhang Ruiyong , Mathivanan Krishnamurthy , Duan Jizhou , Hou Baorong , Zhang Jie
Published: November 2023

The effects of organic metabolites produced by a sulfate-reducing prokaryote (SRP) in seawater on the anode corrosion process of magnesium alloy were analyzed by open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization curve, and other electrochemical methods, combined with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the product film produced by magnesium alloy anode corrosion was not dense, and the surface of the magnesium anode substrate was exposed during the corrosion process. The corrosion of magnesium anode matrix was accelerated by the simulation of different organic metabolites including mannose, glucuronic acid, and glucose. Thus, the synergistic effect of various metabolites produced by SRP in the corrosion process of magnesium alloy may be considered in future studies.
Comparative Characterisation of Proliferation and Apoptosis of Colonic Epithelium after Electron Irradiation with 2 GY and 25 GY
Authors: Demyashkin Grigory , Karakaeva Elza , Saakian Susanna , Tarusova Natalia , Guseinova Amina , Vays Anita , Gotovtsev Konstantin , Atiakshin Dmitri , Shegay Peter , Kaprin Andrey D.
Published: November 2023

Development of new techniques of multimodal treatment, diagnostics of various neoplasms and improvement of these techniques can significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with carcinomas of the colon and abdominal cavity organs, since prevention of various side effects of radiation therapy is one of the main problems of oncological care. Electron irradiation is one of the most promising types of radiation therapy. There are no data on proliferation and apoptosis of the colon epithelium after irradiation with electrons, especially in different modes (single and summary).
Aim of the study: Morphological evaluation of apoptosis and proliferation of colonic epithelium after local irradiation with electrons at doses 2 Gy and 25 Gy.
Materials and methods. Colon fragments from sexually mature Wistar rats (n=50, body weight 200 ± 10 g) were divided into three groups: I - control (n = 10); II - experimental group (n = 20; local single electron irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy), III - experimental group (n=30), local fractional irradiation with electrons at a total dose of 25 Gy. They were studied by light microscopy using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies to Ki-67 and Cas3. Morphological disorders were accompanied by increased expression of pro-apoptotic molecules (caspase-3), and the period of regeneration by proliferative marker (Ki-67).
Conclusions: Local fractional irradiation of the colon with electrons at a dose of 2 Gy and 25 Gy resulted in minor changes in the epithelium, a decrease in the number of goblet cells, but with preservation of regenerative potential, mild degenerative-dystrophic lesions. Intestinal crypts were damaged, leading to a decrease in Ki-67 and an increase in the number of caspase-3-positive epitheliocytes.
A Literature Review of BIM Definitions: Narrow and Broad Views
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej Szymon
Published: November 2023

In the scientific community, it is difficult to find a consensus on defining BIM. Just as the acronym BIM is developed in different ways, it is also understood in different ways. Depending on its understanding, different definitions emerge. It is defined differently by organizations and standards, still differently by academics. Many years of academic discourse on the subject have failed to produce a solution. Despite the fact that the acronym BIM has already done its work for the construction industry, it still stirs up excitement. There is still no clear definition, as the view of BIM varies from one perspective to another. This article attempts to sort out the definitions cited so far by important organizations and key academics. The review was based on deep literature study has attempted to be inclusive and consistent. The question still remains open: do we need a single, correct definition of BIM? The aim of the article is to try to answer this question, open up a renewed discussion and come to a satisfactory consensus. BIM can be identified with an activity, product or system. The article breaks down the definitions of BIM, identifies six key attributes of BIM, presents the evolution of the understanding of BIM and proposes new definitions in a narrow and broad approach.
Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martin Jackline Lyimo , Lukole Eliud , Messenger Louisa A. , Aziz Tatu , Mallya Elizabeth , Bernard Edmund , Matowo Nancy S. , Mosha Jacklin Franklin , Rowland Mark W. , Mosha Franklin W. , Manjurano Alphaxard , Protopopoff Natacha
Published: November 2023

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction of malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of these LLINs, especially when nets become holed and the insecticide decays. Three classes of dual active ingredient (AI) LLINs, have been assessed for their physical durability as follows: 1) Royal Guard®, combining pyriproxyfen, which is known to disrupt female reproduction and fertility of eggs, and a pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin; 2) Interceptor® G2, two adulticides with differing modes of action; chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin; 3) OlysetTM Plus incorporates permethrin (pyrethroid) and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide, to enhance the potency of pyrethroid insecticides; all nets were compared to standard pyrethroid only net (Interceptor®). About 40,000 nets of each type were distributed in February 2019 to different villages in Misungwi. A total of 3072 LLINs were followed at 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 months to assess survivorship and fabric integrity in a community setting. The median functional survival were less than three years with Interceptor®, Interceptor® G2 and Royal Guard® having 1.9 year each and 0.9 years for OlysetTM Plus . After 36 months, 90% of OlysetTM Plus and Royal Guard® and 87% of Interceptor® G2 were no longer present (thrown away) in the households due to wear and tear, compared to 79% for standard Interceptor®. Short life spans of all assessed LLINs were driven by material of the net, rather than social economic status and housing material. All dual AI LLINs have a poor textile durability with OlysetTM Plus being the worst of the three.
Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 1): Historical Perspective, Invasive Species, and Emerging Infectious Diseases
Authors: Jimenez Isabel , Vega-Mariño Patricio , Villacres Tamia , Houck Emma
Published: November 2023

The Galápagos archipelago is a vast reservoir of terrestrial and marine biodiversity, owing in large part to its relatively recent volcanic genesis and colonization by humans. This unique ecological system is particularly susceptible to human, animal, and environmental impacts. Climate change, globalization, and the blurring of human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces are poised to bring new threats and challenges to the region. A One Health perspective that simultaneously considers human, animal, and environmental health is imperative in assessing and mitigating the challenges facing the Galápagos Islands.In Part I of this review, we provide the historical context for biodiversity in the archipelago; discuss the role of invasive species in habitat destruction, fragmentation, and competition with endemic species; and summarize the established and emerging infectious disease threats. We also discuss the imperative to implement research, surveillance, and preventative measures to identify and manage future threats from a One Health perspective, with a specific emphasis on implications for wildlife health. In Part II, we outline the socioeconomic context of life in the Galápagos Islands, evaluate the current and predicted effects of climate change, and discuss direct anthropogenic factors affecting Galápagos biodiversity, such as tourism, fishing, pollution, and the illegal wildlife trade. We also examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. Throughout this two-part review, we build a cohesive picture of One Health in the Galápagos Islands by integrating past work, current needs, and emerging threats. We also consider overarching goals for conservation, ecosystem management, and socioeconomic sustainability that have been previously defined by both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and we identify discrete, implementable, and interdisciplinary recommendations that will facilitate achievement of those goals.
Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 2): Climate Change, Anthropogenic Activities, and Socioeconomic Sustainability
Authors: Vega-Mariño Patricio , Jimenez Isabel , Villacres Tamia , Houck Emma
Published: November 2023

The Galápagos archipelago is a vast reservoir of terrestrial and marine biodiversity and is particularly susceptible to human, animal, and environmental impacts. Climate change, globalization, and the blurring of human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces are poised to bring new threats and challenges to the region. A One Health perspective that simultaneously considers human, animal, and environmental health is imperative in assessing and mitigating the challenges facing the Galápagos Islands. Many challenges facing biodiversity in the Galápagos Islands can ultimately be linked to anthropogenic factors. In Part I of this review, we reviewed the impacts of invasive species and identified infectious diseases of importance. In Part II of this review, we discuss the impacts of climate change and ocean acidification, and highlight the effects of several direct human activities, including tourism, overfishing, pollution, land use, and human-wildlife conflict. We also review the socioeconomic and political context of the Galápagos Islands, including current challenges in water and energy use, sanitation, and economic stability. We examine the importance of investment in local development for building resiliency and sustainability in the archipelago. Finally, we discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. Throughout this two-part review, we build a cohesive picture of One Health in the Galápagos Islands by integrating past work, current needs, and emerging threats. We also consider overarching goals for conservation, ecosystem management, and socioeconomic sustainability that have been previously defined by both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and identify discrete, implementable, and interdisciplinary recommendations that will facilitate achievement of those goals.
Quasi-static Test Study on the End Nodes of a New Type of Seismic Stairs
Authors: Yao Yuan , Pan Yue , Tan Meijing , Dong Fenghui , Peng Yu
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of China's economy, construction industrialization has become the main development trend of China's construction industry, and the convenient, efficient, environmental protection has become the new fashion, therefore the application of prefabricated building is more and more common. Stair serves as the weak link in prefab type building, the connecting node has an important influence on its failure. In this paper, pseudo-static tests are carried out on the joints in different forms of ladder holes to study the mechanical properties of flexible hinge points filled with flexible materials, and the hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and bearing capacity of each specimen are analyzed. The test results show that the flexible hinge can give full play to its flexible characteristics to ease the stress of ladder beam, pin bolt reinforcement and ladder hole, and the bearing capacity of flexible hinge points is moderate, which can not only mitigate the inclined bracing effect under the action of small and medium earthquakes, but also ensure the stair does not fall off under the action of large earthquakes. Through the experiment comparison, the ladder hole adopts node form 2, which can give full play to the advantage of flexible material.
A Simple Solution for the Proton Radius Puzzle
Authors: Perkovic Nikola
Published: November 2023

In this brief paper we will propose a new equation for the proton charge radius. We will base our new equation on the Trinhammer-Bohr formula which states that the proton charge radius is directly proportional to the proton Compton wavelength. We will then propose a new equation for the proton Compton wavelength which is inversely proportional to the Rydberg constant and directly proportional to the running value of the fine structure constant on the protonic scale. This will define the proton charge radius only by the effective value of the fine structure constant and the Rydberg constant. This new equation also disproves the old value of the proton charge radius 0.877(50) which was measured by using electron-proton scattering and further solidifies the newer and smaller values 0.8414(19) provided by NIST.
Reducing Energy Consumption in CubeSat Missions: The Integrated Antenna Approach
Authors: Ibrayev Gulama-Garip Alisher , Meirambekuly Nursultan , Karibayev Beibit , Namazbayev Timur , Orynbassar Sabyrzhan , Sukhenko Anna , Temirbayev Amirkhan , Zhauyt Algazy
Published: November 2023

One of the future challenges of increasing the harnessed solar power is efficiency using of CubeSat sides. One of the approaches is using integrated antenna systems with solar panels or payloads. This study proposes a new approach to the use of integrated antenna systems in remote sensing missions. In this approach, due to the integration of antenna system with payload (in our case, with camera), it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the power generation. Calculations are carried out for cases when the antenna system are integrated with the optical system (α = 0°), which implies that they use one plane, in the second case they are spaced at an angle of α = 90° and in the third case when they are directed to opposite sides (α =180°). In the case of α = 0°, where the camera and antenna module are aligned co-axially, there is no energy expenditure for CubeSat orientation. However, in the other two cases, energy is required for rotation and maintenance of the specified orientation throughout the entire duration of the satellite's flight over the ground station, amounting to 111.99 mW when α = 90° and 44.33 mW when α = 180°.
Qualitative Characterization of Lead-Acid Batteries Fabricated by Different Technological Procedures. An Eis Approach
Authors: Bruj Olivia , Calborean Adrian
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy techniques were applied in this work to 9 lead-acid battery prototypes fabricated industrially, divided on three type/technology packages. Frequency dependent impedance changes were interpreted during successive charge/discharge cycles on two distinct stages: 1) immediately after fabrication; and 2) after a controlled aging procedure to 50% Depth of Discharge, following industrial standards. By investigating their State of Health behaviour vs electrical response, three methods were employed, namely the (Q-Q0) total charge analysis, the decay values of Constant Phase Element in the equivalent Randles circuits, and the resonance frequency of the circuit. A direct correlation has been found for prediction of the best performant batteries in each package, thus allowing a qualitative analysis capable to provide the decay of the battery State of Health. We emphasized which parameters are directly connected with their lifetime performance in both stages, and by consequence, which type/technology battery prototype emphasize the best performance. Based on this methodology, the industrial producers can further establish the quality of the novel batteries in terms of performance vs lifespan, allowing them to validate the novel technological innovations implemented in the current prototypes.
A Novel Deep-learning based Approach for Time Series Forecasting using SARIMA, Neural Prophet and Fb Prophet
Authors: Albeladi Khulood , Zafar Bassam , Mueen Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Today, there is a time series analysis that has gained significant popularity across various industries to provide effective solutions for any specific challenges. Artificial intelligence logic is generally used to solve time-series problems with the help of various frameworks that are available for the development of AI-based applications. Currently, there is a significant framework in Python that is driven by its comprehensive libraries and their practical implementations. Time series analysis can be built with the help of some specific models that give results to differentiate the efficiency and domains of great work. This paper focuses on three diverse libraries of Python to predict the Gulf stock exchange market. These libraries are prediction models that are helpful in predicting future values. These models utilized include SARIMA (Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average), Neural Prophet Model, and Fb Prophet model. Each model is trained using the provided datasets, which are followed by evaluation parameters such as MSE, RMSE, recall, MDAPE, accuracy, precision, etc. The main purpose of using these three models for stock market prediction is to find the better-suited models. In the past few decades, the stock market industry has seemed to have promising growth after 2022 onwards. This paper will help us make a significant decision about model usage for addressing such complex challenges. Especially, the research findings indicate that all three models demonstrate in different domains. SARIMA can perform well in overall prediction tasks, while the Prophet model works great with smaller datasets that contain seasonality trends.
Climate Change Habitat Model Forecasts for Eight Owl Species in the Southwestern U.S.
Authors: Cartron Jean-Luc E. , Triepke F. Jack , Stahlecker Dale W. , Arsenault David P. , Ganey Joseph L. , Hathcock Charles D , Thompson Hunter K. , Cartron Matthieu C. , Calhoun And Kenneth C.
Published: November 2023

High-resolution forecasting of vegetation type shifts may prove essential for anticipating and mitigating the impacts of future climate change on bird populations. Here, we used the US Forest Service Ecological Response Unit (ERU) classification to develop and assess vegetation-based breeding habitat profiles for eight owl species occurring in foothills and mountains of the southwestern US. Shifts in mapped habitat were forecast using an ecosystem vulnerability model based on the pre-1990 climate envelopes of ERUs and the A1B moderate IPCC emission scenario of future climate. For five of the eight owl species, regional breeding habitat extent was projected to decline by at least 60% by 2090. Three species, the boreal owl (Aegolius funereus; at the trailing edge of its distribution), flammulated owl (Psiloscops flammeolus), and northern pygmy-owl (Glaucidium gnoma) were projected to experience the steepest habitat-loss rates, or 85%, 85%, and 76%, respectively. Projected vegetation shifts overlaid with well-documented flammulated owl breeding populations showed complete or near complete loss of habitat by 2090 in areas of montane forest currently supporting dense aggregations of owl territories. Generalist or lower-elevation owl species were predicted to be less impacted, while for the whiskered screech-owl (Megascops trichopsis), the contraction of current habitat was nearly offset by a projected northward expansion. In general, the results of this study suggest high exposure to climate change impacts for upper-elevation forest owls of semi-arid southwestern North America. Long distance migration and low natal philopatry may prove important to some montane owl populations for adapting to regional loss of habitat.
The Dysferlinopathies Conundrum: Clinical Spectra, Disease Mechanism and Genetic Approaches for Treatments
Authors: Anwar Saeed , Yokota And Toshifumi
Published: November 2023

Dysferlinopathies comprise a spectrum of muscular dystrophies characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration due to mutations in the DYSF gene, which encodes the dysferlin protein critical for muscle membrane repair. This review delves into the clinical spectra of dysferlinopathies, their molecular mechanisms, and the spectrum of emerging therapeutic strategies. We explore the phenotypic heterogeneity of dysferlinopathies, highlight the incomplete understanding of genotype-phenotype correlations, and discuss the implications of various DYSF mutations. Furthermore, we examine the utility of animal models in elucidating disease mechanisms and the potential of symptomatic, pharmacological, molecular, and genetic therapies in mitigating the disease's progression. We also consider the roles of diet and metabolism in managing dysferlinopathies, as well as the impact of clinical trials on treatment paradigms. By culminating the complexities inherent in dysferlinopathies, this article emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary approaches, precision medicine, and extensive collaboration in research and clinical trial design to advance our understanding and treatment of these challenging disorders.