bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Legal security of tailings in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Zhusupov Bolotbek , Mirzaeva Aigul , Orozbaeva Aynura
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Interaction between universities and forestry enterprises for the development university ecosystems in Russia
Authors: Kravchenko Pavel , Burtsev Daniil , Gavrilyuk Elena , Izotova Anna , Litvinova Natalia
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Risk management and the formation of stress tolerance in the organization of entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Mushketova Natalia , Shokhnekh Anna , Zakharchenko Flor , Marusinina Elena
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: The role of environmental education in formation of environmental literacy of society
Authors: Ushakov Dmitry , Olexiva Victoria
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Economic, mathematical and statistical modeling of perennial plantations in Chui region amid climate change
Authors: Belekuulu Esenbek , Chortombaev Ulan , Baisalova Zhanyl , Shergaziev Uranbek , Ibragimov Nurbek , Nazarbekova Emilia
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Prospects for the development of agribusiness in conditions of economic instability
Authors: Borisova Liudmila , Sorokina Yulia
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Immersive technologies in the national strategy for greening tourism activities
Authors: Vasyuta Eugenia , Davtyan Anna , Podolskaya Tatiana , Bryukhanova Natalia , Ushakov Denis
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Immersive technologies as a promising mechanism to reduce the negative impact on natural and cultural tourist sites
Authors: Vasyuta Eugenia , Faizullina Galiya , Podolskaya Tatiana , Bryukhanova Natalia , Ushakov Denis
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Social risks and population resilience: Sociological assessment
Authors: Makarova Mariya , Pyshmintseva Olga
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Russian-Kazakh border: Sustainability and typology by ethnic, historical and natural characteristics
Authors: Sokolov Aleksandr , Rudneva Oksana
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Regional aspects of migration and urbanization in the USSR/Russia in the 20th–21st centuries (using the example of the Penza region)
Authors: Sukhova Olga , Inozemtsev Ivan
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
RETRACTED: Sustainable urban development: Environmental improvement of Moscow
Authors: Magera Tatiana , Ermilov Nikolay
Published: July 2024

See the retraction notice BIO Web of Conferences 116, 00001 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411600001
Use of machine learning in determining Gmax from bender element tests
Authors: Xu Wenzhang , Le Truong
Published: July 2024

The use of bender element is one of the most popular methods of determining shear wave velocity, and hence elastic shear modulus due to its relatively straightforward experimental set-up. While several analysis methods have been proposed, manual interpretation using the first arrival continues to be favoured owing to its simplicity. This paper presents a novel automated program for determining the shear wave velocity and associated maximum shear modulus. The proposed new method involves the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to predict the most probable shear wave velocity using a range of input frequencies as the inputs. Estimates made by the trained CNN are compared to values determined using more traditional interpretation methods (first-arrival, cross-correlation and frequency domain). The program is able to autonomously determining the shear modulus in the three principal orientations (Gvh, Ghv, and Ghh) at a range of stress levels. The shear modulus determined using the range of techniques showed great agreement. Statistical analysis of the determined shear modulus regression of over 0.99 between interpretations made using first arrival and that estimated using the new CNN approach.
An innovative experimental device for characterizing the responses of monopiles subjected to complex lateral loading
Authors: Zhang Zitao , Wang Wei , Zhang Xuedong , Yu Guangming , Hu Jing
Published: July 2024

Offshore wind turbines are usually founded on monopiles. During the operation period, the structure is subjected to complex lateral loading from wind, wave and current. The soils surrounding those monopiles may deform with increasing the number of loading cycles, leading to tilting of the whole structure; hence, it is vital to carry out physical model tests to examine the long-term performance of monopiles. This study proposes an innovative experimental setup for centrifuge modelling of the response of monopiles under complex lateral loading. Hydraulic actuators are adopted to apply lateral loads on model pile, and electrohydraulic servo-valves and associated controllers are used to achieve a closed loop position or load control. A carefully designed spherical hinge and load bars are used to connect the model pile and actuator shafts. This enables that the pile can rotate freely and can move vertically freely. A centrifuge test on a winged monopole subjected to perpendicular lateral loading was carried out at 100g. The experimental results shed light on pile responses in the cyclic loading and constant loading directions.
Least-Squares evaluation of DMT dissipation test data – some preliminary results
Authors: Imre Emőke , Marchetti Diego , Juhasz Miklos , Bates Lachlan , Fityus Stephen
Published: July 2024

The Flex method does not work if the DMTA total stress dissipation curve is non-monotonic or has no inflexion point. To overcome the problems, various versions of a mathematically precise DMTA total stress dissipation test evaluation method are suggested to be considered. These versions can be classified (i) on the basis of the measured data, as only total stress-based and both total stress and pore water pressure-based methods, (ii) on the basis of the dimension of the model, as oedometer, cylindrical and spherical coupled consolidation models, (iii) as linear models or models with relaxation. In this paper some DMTA dissipation tests made at test sites in Szeged and Ballina test sites are evaluated and the c values identified with various methods are started to be compared. According to the first results, an evaluation method, based on the oedometer relaxation test model and both total stress and pore water pressure data, provided c values about 3 times larger than the Flex method (and could be used to evaluate non-monotonic data). The use of pore water data – generated or measured as C readings – decreased the parameter error.
Shear wave velocities to monitor curing evolution of soils treated with alkali activated binders
Authors: Rios Sara , Caetano Isabela , Pinheiro Claver , Viana da Fonseca António
Published: July 2024

The use of alkali activated binders for soil improvement has been significantly increased in the past decade indicating a significant interest in the use of alternative low carbon binders. The optimisation and preliminary characterisation of the mixtures is usually addressed with destructive tests to evaluate strength such as unconfined compression strength tests. Although important and necessary, these tests require a significant number of specimens, especially when monitoring the strength evolution with time due to curing. Seismic wave velocity measurements, in particular S wave velocities, allow a fast evaluation of the elastic shear stiffness with time avoiding specimens’ failure. This is even more important in soils stabilised with alkali activated binders, since its strength and stiffness evolution with time is generally very long, keeping increasing far beyond the 28 days mark usually assumed in soils improved with Portland cement. In this paper, the evolution of the elastic stiffness with time for different soils treated with alkali activated binders is presented. The compilation of the results for different soils and mixtures, allowed a clear definition of the typical trend and range.
An interpretation of thermo-mechanical behaviour of peat under 1-D compression
Authors: Kochi Taishi , Nishimura Satoshi , Yamazoe Nobutaka
Published: July 2024

The one-dimensional thermo-mechanical behaviour of two peats was investigated through consolidation tests, including incremental loadings and constant-rate-of-strain loadings, under a variety of temperature-stress conditions. As an appropriate expression of highly compressible materials, the natural strain was employed instead of conventional engineering strain, which eliminates the apparent stress dependency of the compression index and the coefficient of secondary compression. Test results suggest the applicability of an isotach approach to the two peats used in this study. The temperature dependency of the coefficient of secondary compression defined with natural strain, λ*α, is very small. All the results summarized on the effective stress-strain plane show that there exists a unique Normal Compression Line (NCL) corresponding to each combination of temperature and strain rate. The NCLs are parallel to each other. Finally, in an attempt to construct a constitutive model, the temperature dependency of the NCL was quantified by introducing a constant, λ*T. By using the two parameters, λ*α and λ*T, which describe the strain rate- and temperature-dependent characteristics, respectively, a 1-D thermo-mechanical behaviour observed in this study will be modelled in a simple manner.
Utilization of Waste Materials in Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns
Authors: Krishnasamy Mohanraj Erode , Loganathan Ravisankar Kanjikovil , Kaliappan Selvi
Published: July 2024

The idea of this particular study is to utilize waste materials in an effective manner so as to give strength to tubular sections. Steel-Concrete composite construction has emerged as one of the fastest methods of construction in India. The inherent advantage of the steel-concrete composite section lies in that the two principal elements-the steel and the concrete are normally used in a manner so that full potential of both may be realized and the best utilization of their respective properties can be made. In this paper, an attempt was made with steel tubular columns in-filled with plain concrete, partial replacement of fine aggregate by fly ash & quarry dust and coarse aggregate by rubber, slag from steel industry, granite and construction & demolition (C&D) debris concrete. The column specimens are to be tested under axial compression to investigate the effects of waste materials. The effects of steel tube dimensions and the strength of concrete are examined. 24 specimens were tested with strength of concrete as 20 MPa and D/t ratio 23.65. The columns were 113.5 mm outer dimension and 4.8 mm in thickness are 300, 600 & 900 mm in length. The test results are to be compared with the values predicted by Eurocode4, Australian Standards and American Codes and new theoretical models will be suggested for the design. From the test results it was observed that the load carrying capacity of steel tubular columns filled with various waste materials concrete is greater than the conventional concrete.
Reform des Kapitels 32 (Laboratoriumsmedizin) im einheitlichen Bewertungsmaßstab (EBM)
Authors: Kappert Günther , Koscielny Jürgen , Sucker Christoph
Published: July 2024

Am 11.04.2024 hat die Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung neue Kostenpauschalen für die Labordiagnostik und eine Anpassung des laborärztlichen Honorars veröffentlich; dies ist im Internet einsehbar (https://www.kbv.de/html/1150_68777.php).
Breaking – ein Szene-Tanzstil wird olympisch
Authors: Lindner Sophie Manuela
Published: July 2024

Breakdance repräsentiert das tänzerische Element der Hip-Hop-Kulturbewegung und wird im August 2024 das erste Mal als Disziplin bei den Olympischen Spielen in Paris vertreten sein. Doch woher kommt Breaking? Welche Anforderungen bringt es mit sich? Und was sind die typischen Verletzungsmuster? Sophie Manuela Lindner kann diese Fragen beantworten, denn sie ist selbst Breakerin.
Women’s mental health during late pregnancy: A survey conducted in
Shandong Province, China
Authors: Li Yijie , Yu Huihui , Shen Kaifang , Long Jing
Published: July 2024

Background  The study aimed to investigate the general mental health
status and its associated factors in women during late pregnancy. The objective
was to provide a scientific basis for developing psychological interventions
tailored to this specific population.

Methods  The research was conducted from May 2021 to July 2022, involving
the recruitment of 200 women attending maternal and child health clinics for
their late-pregnancy checkups. Data collection was carried out using a
comprehensive approach, involving several validated tools. The participants
completed a general demographic and sociological questionnaire along with four
standardized psychological assessment scales: the 12-item General Health
Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS-8), the Generalized
Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7), and the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire
(PHQ-9). A total of 200 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis.

Results  The study revealed that the overall prevalence of positive
detection of general mental health problems in women during late pregnancy was
11%. Significant differences were observed in the positive detection rate of
general mental health status based on various factors such as the quality of
relationships with husbands, pregnancy intentions, insomnia, anxiety, and
depression (p<0.01). Furthermore, participants with general mental health
problems displayed notably higher scores on the AIS-8, PHQ-9, and GAD-7 scales
compared to those without such problems (p<0.01). Regression analysis
indicated that pregnancy intention and PHQ-9 scores were influential factors
affecting the general mental health of women during late pregnancy
(p<0.05).

Conclusion  The study highlights high rates of general mental health
problems during late pregnancy, with unplanned pregnancy and elevated depression
scores as key risk factors. Regular mental health screening and targeted
interventions are essential to support women during this critical period and
enhance the well-being of both mothers and babies.
Development of a Machine Learning–Enabled Virtual Reality Tool for Preoperative Planning of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Gudapati Varun , Chen Alexander , Meyer Scott , Jay Kuo Chung-Chieh , Ding Yichen , Hsiai Tzung K. , Wang Marilene
Published: July 2024

Objectives Virtual reality (VR) is an increasingly valuable teaching tool, but current simulators are not typically clinically scalable due to their reliance on inefficient manual segmentation. The objective of this project was to leverage a high-throughput and accurate machine learning method to automate data preparation for a patient-specific VR simulator used to explore preoperative sinus anatomy.

Methods An endoscopic VR simulator was designed in Unity to enable interactive exploration of sinus anatomy. The Saak transform, a data-efficient machine learning method, was adapted to accurately segment sinus computed tomography (CT) scans using minimal training data, and the resulting data were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) patient-specific models that could be explored in the simulator.

Results Using minimal training data, the Saak transform–based machine learning method offers accurate soft-tissue segmentation. When explored with an endoscope in the VR simulator, the anatomical models generated by the algorithm accurately capture key sinus structures and showcase patient-specific variability in anatomy.

Conclusion By offering an automatic means of preparing VR models from a patient's raw CT scans, this pipeline takes a key step toward clinical scalability. In addition to preoperative planning, this system also enables virtual endoscopy—a tool that is particularly useful in the COVID-19 era. As VR technology inevitably continues to develop, such a foundation will help ensure that future innovations remain clinically accessible.
Trans-Disc Aspiration of Anterior Cervical Cysts
Authors: Ebrahim Zahier , Gretschel Armin , van der Horst Alex , Vlok Adriaan J.
Published: July 2024

Background Spinal arachnoid cysts are rare entities occurring mainly in the cervical and thoracic spine. The majority of these lesions are treated through posterior approaches with laminectomy or laminotomy. We present trans-disc and trans-vertebral aspiration of anterior cervical arachnoid cysts as an alternative therapeutic approach.

Methods We present three cases and four procedures where anterior cervical arachnoid cysts were treated through an anterior trans-discal or trans-vertebral approach. A standard Smith–Robertson approach was used to expose the appropriate level in the cervical spine. A 22-gauge spinal needle is passed through the intervertebral disc or a 3-mm channel created in the midline of the vertebral body. This is performed under fluoroscopic guidance.

Results Three out of the four procedures resulted in complete clinical resolution at a 6-month follow-up. One patient required a repeat aspiration for a recurrent cyst at a level lower than the previous procedure. One patient had an initial improvement post-procedure followed by a functional decline within the first 5 postoperative days. Our assessment was that the cyst was re-filled and this was confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A standard posterior approach was used to excise the cyst with a good clinical result. Overall, no morbidity was suffered from the anterior approach.

Conclusion We believe this approach is a safe alternative to posterior intradural approaches. MRI scanning is advised at 6 months or earlier if clinical improvement is not demonstrated.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on the Outcome of Glioblastoma
Authors: Armocida Daniele , D'Angelo Luca , Pietro Raffaella De , Chiarello Giuseppina , Jiang Tingting , Rizzo Francesca , Garbossa Diego , Frati Alessandro , Marampon Francesco , Santoro Antonio
Published: July 2024

Background Rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020 led to an indirect effect on non-COVID patients. Since neuro-oncology cases are unique and brain tumors need a specific therapeutic protocol at proper doses and at the right times, the effects of the pandemic on health care services for patients with glioblastomas (GBs) and their impact on overall survival (OS) and quality of life are not yet known.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 142 GB patients who underwent surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy before and after the lockdown period, aiming to determine the differences in access to care, treatment modality, and adjuvant therapies, and how the lockdown changed the prognosis.

Results The number of procedures performed for GB during the pandemic was comparable to that of the prepandemic period, and patients received standard care. There was a significant difference in the volume of lesions measured at diagnosis with a decreased number of “accidental” diagnoses and expression of a reduced use by the patient for a checkup or follow-up examinations. Patients expressed a significantly lower performance index in the lockdown period with longer progression-free survival (PFS) in the face of a comparable mean time to OS.

Conclusion Patients treated surgically for GB during the pandemic period had a more pronounced and earlier reduction in performance status than patients treated during the same period the year before. This appears to be primarily due to lower levels of care in the rehabilitation centers and more frequent discontinuation of adjuvant care.
Age, but not education, affects social decision-making in the ultimatum game paradigm
Authors: Cassimiro Luciana , Cecchini Mario Amore , Cipolli Gabriela Cabett , Yassuda Mônica Sanches
Published: July 2024

Background Social decision-making (SDM) is often studied through gaming paradigms, in which participants allocate resources among themselves and others based on predefined rules. In an adapted version of the ultimatum game (UG), SDM behavior was modulated in response to the degree of fairness of monetary offers and the social context of opponents, designed to generate either prosocial or punishing behaviors.

Objective To investigate whether SDM evaluated by the UG is affected by age and schooling, as it is relevant to know whether sociodemographic variables may bias UG results.

Methods A total of 131 healthy adults participated: 35 young university students and 96 participants in Universidade de São Paulo's USP 60+ program (formerly known as Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade, a program for people aged ≥ 60 years to attend university). The sample was divided into 3 age groups (17–22, 60–69, and 70–79 years) and 3 schooling groups (4–8, 9–11, and ≥ 12 years of schooling).

Results Age and schooling did not affect performance in fair monetary offers. Differences were observed in the unfair conditions. The oldest group (70–79 years) accepted less frequently the baseline unfair offers (without social context), when compared with the 17–22 and the 60–69 years groups (17–22 = 60–69 > 70–79). Regarding the prosocial unfair and punishing unfair conditions, older adults accepted such offers more frequently (17–22 < 60–69 = 70–79). Schooling effects were not observed.

Conclusion In the context of SDM, older adults may show prosocial behaviors more frequently than younger adults. The findings suggest performance in the UG is affected by age, but not by schooling.
Ureaplasma urealyticum as a Cause of Ventriculitis in an Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant
Authors: Meers Garrit K. , Heep Axel , Huber Julia , Gräber Sandra , Lange Matthias
Published: July 2024

Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) has rarely been described as a cause of ventriculitis in preterm infants. We report a preterm infant in whom Uu was detected in the tracheal secretion. Concurrent intraventricular hemorrhage III° with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus occurred, necessitating the bilateral insertion of ventriculostomy access devices for treatment. Persisting high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and pleocytosis in the otherwise clinically unremarkable neonate subsequently led to the targeted detection of Uu in the CSF. Normalization of CSF parameters occurred only after prolonged intravenous and oral macrolide therapy.
Variable science mapping as literature review method
Authors: Tomczyk Przemyslaw , Brüggemann Philipp , Paul Justin
Published: July 2024

This study investigates a novel mapping approach for the systematic analysis of empirical research, termed Variable Science Mapping (VSM). This approach enhances the current capabilities of Systematic Literature Reviews (SLRs) by incorporating variables and their interrelationships, surpassing traditional methods, such as Science Mapping (SM), which primarily analyze keywords, citations, and authorship. We present a step-by-step conceptual protocol for implementing the VSM approach. Subsequently, the strengths and limitations of VSM compared to SM are examined across 12 SLR stages. To this end, we assess the actual usage of SM for each stage based on an analysis of 63 papers employing the SM approach. Additionally, expert interviews are conducted to evaluate the utility of both SM and VSM across identical analytical stages. Notably, a distinct alignment emerged between the outcomes of the SLR and expert assessments pertaining to SM. The findings reveal VSM’s favorable ratings in eight out of 12 stages. Equivalence in expert ratings between SM and VSM surfaced in one stage, while SM was deemed more beneficial in three stages. This nuanced evaluation underscores the contextual strengths and limitations of both approaches. The implications extend to both scientific and managerial domains, offering valuable insights into the prospective advancements in SLRs. In conclusion, this analysis not only sheds light on the potential advantages of VSM but also serves as a foundation for guiding future research methodologies to widen capabilities among different SLR stages.
Exploring the role of interaction in older-adult service innovation: insights from the testing stage
Authors: Chin Ya-Lan , Wu Feng-Shang , Liu Jian-Bing , Li Yan , Wang Jin
Published: July 2024

In the context of global aging trends, service innovation targeting older adults is becoming increasingly crucial. Because the traditional focus areas of service innovation have predominantly been design and implementation, a significant gap in the existing literature overlooks the criticality of the testing phase. This oversight is particularly notable in relation to the unique attributes of the older adult population and their interaction dynamics with technology teams in service innovation. To bridge this lacuna, this study introduces a comprehensive framework, meticulously crafted for the testing stage of service innovation tailored to older adults. To validate this framework, a rigorous, four-year empirical research project was undertaken with one of the foremost service providers for older adults in Beijing. The findings robustly support the efficacy of the proposed framework, revealing the indispensable role of the testing phase in ensuring service innovations are aptly aligned with the needs and preferences of the aging demographic. This research enriches the discourse in service innovation, thus underscoring the imperative to integrate the testing phase as a fundamental component in the holistic approach aimed at catering effectively to an aging population.
Topological phonons and thermal conductivity of two-dimensional Dirac semimetal PtN4C2
Authors: Hu Ya , Ding Xianyong , Jin Xin , Wang Rui , Yang Xiaolong , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2024

PtN4C2 is a recently predicted two-dimensional (2D) Dirac semimetal exhibiting significant topological quantum spin and valley Hall effects. Herein, we explore its topological phonon states and thermal transport properties from first-principles calculations. In terms of symmetry arguments, we predict the existence of multiple topologically protected phononic Dirac points in the frequency range of 0–20 THz, which are evidenced by the relevant irreducible representations and calculated nontrivial edge states on the (100) surface. In addition, anharmonic phonon renormalization is found to play a significant role in determining the phonon spectrum, especially for the out-of-plane flexural acoustic (ZA) branch. Moreover, we explicitly consider three-phonon scattering, four-phonon scattering, and phonon renormalization to predict the lattice thermal conductivity κl of PtN4C2, by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. With the incorporation of four-phonon scattering, we predict that the intrinsic κl is 68 W/mK at room temperature, which is reduced by about 45% as compared to the value obtained by only including three-phonon scattering. This reduction is found to arise mainly from the ZA phonons, whose contribution to κl is significantly suppressed by four-phonon scattering, due to the restriction of the mirror symmetry-induced selection rules on three-phonon processes. We also unveil that the presence of Dirac points steepens the surrounding phonon dispersion and thus greatly increases the phonon group velocities, thereby making a considerable contribution to κl. This work establishes a thorough understanding of intrinsic topological phonons and thermal transport in PtN4C2 and highlights the importance of phonon renormalization and higher-order anharmonicity in determining the phonon transport properties of 2D materials.
Enhanced spin pumping in heterostructures of coupled ferrimagnetic garnets
Authors: Swain Anupama , Rathore Kshitij Singh , Gupta Pushpendra , Mishra Abhisek , Lee Yong Heng , Lim Jinho , Hoffmann Axel , Mahendiran Ramanathan , Bedanta Subhankar
Published: July 2024

Spin pumping has significant implications for spintronics, providing a mechanism to manipulate and transport spins for information processing. Understanding and harnessing spin currents through spin pumping is critical for the development of efficient spintronic devices. The use of a magnetic insulator with low damping enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in crucial experiments such as spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and spin pumping. A magnetic insulator coupled with a heavy metal or quantum material offers a more straightforward model system, especially when investigating spin-charge interconversion processes to greater accuracy. This simplicity arises from the absence of unwanted effects caused by conduction electrons unlike in ferromagnetic metals. Here, we investigate the spin pumping in coupled ferrimagnetic (FiM) Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/Tm3Fe5O12 (TmIG) bilayers combined with heavy-metal (Pt) using the inverse spin Hall effect. It is observed that magnon transmission occurs at both of the FiMs FMR positions. The enhancement of spin pumping voltage (Vsp) in the FiM garnet heterostructures is observed. The plausible reason might be the interfacial exchange coupling between FiMs. The modulation of Vsp is achieved by tuning the bilayer structure. Further, the spin mixing conductance for these coupled systems is found to be ≈1018 m−2. Our findings describe a coupled FiM system for the investigation of magnon coupling providing opportunities for magnonic devices.
Influence of oxygen pressure on the ferroelectricity of pulsed laser deposition fabricated epitaxial Y-doped HfO2
Authors: Huang Jia-hao , Yang Lei , Wei Lu-qi , Wang Tao , Fan Wen-cheng , Qu Ke , Guan Zhao , Chen Bin-bin , Xiang Ping-hua , Duan Chun-gang , Zhong Ni
Published: July 2024

Ferroelectric properties of hafnium-based thin films have gained significant interest, yet the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the emergence of the ferroelectric phase continue to be inadequately investigated. In contrast with polycrystalline films fabricated by atomic layer deposition or sputter methods, which possess uncertainty in polarization orientation, epitaxial ferroelectric HfO2-based materials are less investigated, especially for factors such as electric field and oxygen vacancy, which are proposed and examined for their potential impacts on phase stability. In this study, Y-doped hafnium oxide (HYO) ferroelectric epitaxial films were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition, with variations in oxygen pressure during the deposition process. Structural and electrical analyses of HYO epitaxial ferroelectric films prepared under differing oxygen pressures revealed a correlation between the ferroelectric properties of the films and the oxygen content. An optimal selection of oxygen pressure was found to be conducive to the formation of HYO epitaxial ferroelectric films, presenting a promising avenue for future ferroelectric memory applications.
Direct and inverse magnetocaloric effects in magnetostrictive GdMn2Ge2 with field-induced metamagnetic transition
Authors: Li Canglong , Li Zhaohu , Yang Wenqian , Tian Zhaoming , Qiu Yang , Hua Junfan , Huang Shuai
Published: July 2024

Heavy rare-earth-based ternary intermetallic compounds with the formula RT2X2 have drawn great interest because of their multiple magnetic transitions and various magnetic structures. Here, anisotropic magnetic behaviors, magnetocaloric effects (MCEs), and magnetostriction effects in single-crystalline GdMn2Ge2 are studied in two different directions. Experiments show a magnetic transition characterized by a sudden decrease in magnetization for μ0H//a and a sharp increase for μ0H//c at Tt. The transition is driven by lower temperatures for μ0H//a, contrasting that for μ0H//c with an increase in the magnetic field. An inverse MCE is observed for μ0H//a with a maximum magnetic entropy change (−ΔSMmax) of −7.4 J kg−1 K−1 (μ0ΔH = 6 T), while a direct MCE is obtained for μ0H//c with an −ΔSMmax of 8.0 J kg−1 K−1 under the same magnetic field change. Moreover, a remarkable field-induced metamagnetic transition and a magnetostriction effect are observed simultaneously at Tt, indicating strong magneto-lattice coupling. The T-μ0H phase diagrams are constructed based on the magnetic properties. The coexistence of direct and inverse MCEs is discussed and is due to the spin-flop of Mn and anisotropic magnetic properties under magnetic fields in different directions.
Ferromagnetic InMoTe3 monolayer with strain-modulated magnetic interactions and Curie temperature
Authors: Dai Songli , Tian Zean , Qian Guolin , Liu Yutao
Published: July 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors with high Curie temperature (TC) and magnetic tunability have garnered significant research interest owing to their immense potential in the realm of spintronic devices. Herein, 2D Ising ferromagnetic semiconductor InMoTe3 monolayer with robust ferromagnetic coupling and TC above room temperature is predicted. Additionally, it has been shown that biaxial strain can notably affect the magnetic interactions and TC of InMoTe3 monolayer. The findings in this study suggest that InMoTe3 monolayer holds promise as a candidate for spintronic device applications, thereby encouraging further theoretical and experimental investigations in this field.
Powder x-ray diffraction analysis with machine learning for organic-semiconductor crystal-structure determination
Authors: Niitsu Naoyuki , Mitani Masato , Ishii Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Nobuhiko , Hirose Kenji , Watanabe Shun , Okamoto Toshihiro , Takeya Jun
Published: July 2024

The crystal structure of organic semiconductors is an important factor that dominates various electronic properties, including charge transport properties. However, compared with the crystal structures of inorganic semiconductors, those of organic semiconductors are difficult to determine by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Our proposed machine-learning (neural-network) technique can determine the diffraction peaks buried in noise and make deconvolution of the overlapped peaks of organic semiconductors, resulting in crystal-structure determination by the Rietveld analysis. As a demonstration, we apply the method to a few high-mobility organic semiconductors and confirm that the method is potentially useful for analyzing the crystal structure of organic semiconductors. The present method is also expected to be applicable to the determination of complex crystal structures in addition to organic semiconductors.
Computational modeling of the physical features that influence breast cancer invasion into adipose tissue
Authors: Zheng Yitong , Wang Dong , Beeghly Garrett , Fischbach Claudia , Shattuck Mark D. , O'Hern Corey S.
Published: July 2024

Breast cancer invasion into adipose tissue strongly influences disease progression and metastasis. The degree of cancer cell invasion into adipose tissue depends on both biochemical signaling and the mechanical properties of cancer cells, adipocytes, and other key components of adipose tissue. We model breast cancer invasion into adipose tissue using discrete element method simulations of active, cohesive spherical particles (cancer cells) invading into confluent packings of deformable polyhedra (adipocytes). We quantify the degree of invasion by calculating the interfacial area At between cancer cells and adipocytes. We determine the long-time value of At vs the activity and strength of the cohesion between cancer cells, as well as the mechanical properties of the adipocytes and extracellular matrix in which adipocytes are embedded. We show that the degree of invasion collapses onto a master curve as a function of the dimensionless energy scale Ec, which grows linearly with the cancer cell velocity persistence time and fluctuations, is inversely proportional to the system pressure, and is offset by the cancer cell cohesive energy. When Ec>1, cancer cells will invade the adipose tissue, whereas for Ec<1, cancer cells and adipocytes remain de-mixed. We also show that At decreases when the adipocytes are constrained by the ECM by an amount that depends on the spatial heterogeneity of the adipose tissue.
Oscillating flow around a circular cylindrical post confined between two parallel plates
Authors: Bárcenas-Luque A. J. , Moral-Pulido F. , Gutiérrez-Montes C. , Coenen W. , Martínez-Bazán C.
Published: July 2024

This work is motivated by the interest in determining the effect of the micro-anatomy of the spinal subarachnoid space (SSAS) on the cerebrospinal fluid flow. To that aim, we model the nerve roots in the SSAS by circular posts of radius a, confined between two parallel plates separated by a distance 2h and subjected to an oscillatory flow of angular frequency ω. First, we analyze the asymptotic limit of small values of the dimensionless stroke length of the oscillatory flow, for a harmonic waveform, varying the aspect ratio of the post λ=h/a and the Womersley number Wo=(a2ω/ν)1/2. For low values of Wo, the time-averaged steady flow exhibits symmetric recirculating vortices attached to the wall of the post whose size decreases as Wo increases. However, for values of Wo larger than a critical one, Woc(λ), which depends on λ, a second, outer vortex is also formed. The dependence of Woc(λ) has been quantified in the range 0.5<λ<∞, showing a decrease in Woc with λ. The analysis has been corroborated experimentally for λ = 2, and varying Wo, the stroke length as well as the wave form of the oscillating flow. Imposing an anharmonic oscillating flow shows that the fort-and-aft symmetry of the steady flow is broken, with the formation of two vortices of different size when WoWoc. Finally, the study is experimentally extended considering an array of equally spaced posts, separated a semi-distance d=2a aligned with the flow. Qualitatively, the steady flow patterns induced for ℓ=d/a=2 are similar to those for ℓ→∞, although the presence of the nearby posts confines the recirculating vortices and delays the flow transition, increasing Woc(λ).
Wake interference effects on flow-induced vibration of flexible membrane wings
Authors: Li Guojun , Jaiman Rajeev Kumar , Lei Biao , Liu Hongzhong
Published: July 2024

This work investigates the effect of wake interference on the nonlinear coupled dynamics and aerodynamic performance of flexible membrane wings at a moderate Reynolds number. A high-fidelity computational aeroelastic framework is employed to simulate the flow-induced vibration of flexible membrane wings in response to unsteady vortex wake flows produced by an upstream stationary circular cylinder. The coupled dynamics of the downstream membrane are investigated at different gap ratios, aeroelastic numbers, and offset distances. The variations in flow features, membrane responses, and frequency characteristics are analyzed to understand the wake interference effect on membrane aeroelasticity. The results indicate that the aerodynamic performance and flight stability of the downstream membrane are degraded under the wake interference effect. Four distinct flow regimes are classified for the cylinder–membrane configuration, namely (i) single body flow, (ii) co-shedding I, (iii) co-shedding II, and (iv) detached vortex-dominated vibration, respectively. The mode transition is found to build new frequency synchronization between the flexible membrane and its own surrounding flows, or the wake flows of the cylinder, to adjust the aerodynamic performance and membrane vibration. This study sheds new light on membrane aeroelasticity in response to wake flows and enhances understanding of the fluid–membrane coupling mechanism. These findings can facilitate the development of next-generation bio-inspired drones that have high flight efficiency and robust flight stability in gusty flows.
Application of meshless generalized finite difference method (GFDM) in single-phase coupled heat and mass transfer problem in three-dimensional porous media
Authors: Zhang Qirui , Zhan Wentao , Liu Yuyang , Zhao Hui , Xu Kangning , Rao Xiang
Published: July 2024

This paper achieves effective and precise meshless modeling of three-dimensional (3D) single-phase coupled heat and mass transfer problems based on the generalized finite difference method (GFDM). It utilizes the Taylor formula and the weighted least squares method in the node influence domains to derive a generalized finite difference scheme for spatial derivatives of pressure and temperature. Consequently, a sequential coupled discrete scheme for the pressure diffusion equation and heat convection–conduction equation is formulated, resulting in the determination of pressure and temperature. An example conducts sensitivity analysis with different schemes of node collocation and different radius of influence domains. The calculation results demonstrate that this method exhibits good convergence. Two 3D model examples with regular and irregular boundaries illustrate the advantages of the GFDM in handling complex geometric problems within the computational domain, showcasing its superior flexibility and simplicity. This paper demonstrates the significant potential of GFDM in addressing complex geometric multi-physics field coupling challenges, offering innovative ideas for geothermal resource development, groundwater management, and thermal recovery in oil and gas reservoirs.
Coherent phonons in incommensurate LaVS3 crystal
Authors: Weis M. , Lejman M. , Faure J. , Phuoc V. Ta , Cario L. , Boschetto D.
Published: July 2024

In this Letter, we investigate coherent phonon dynamics in the incommensurate LaVS3 crystal by femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Two coherent phonon modes are systematically observed in the transient reflectivity, centered at 1.8 and 2.85 THz, respectively, while a third mode centered at 4.5 THz is observed only at high pump fluence. The experimental results obtained at two different polarization configurations as well as a comparison with recent theoretical results allow to assign the two main modes to the interlayer shearing mode and to an intralayer mode, respectively. Two possible assignments are discussed for the third mode, by invoking a possible emergence of nonlinear phonon processes.
Flow field reconstruction from sparse sensor measurements with physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad Yasin , Shiri Yousef
Published: July 2024

In the realm of experimental fluid mechanics, accurately reconstructing high-resolution flow fields is notably challenging due to often sparse and incomplete data across time and space domains. This is exacerbated by the limitations of current experimental tools and methods, which leave critical areas without measurable data. This research suggests a feasible solution to this problem by employing an inverse physics-informed neural network (PINN) to merge available sparse data with physical laws. The method's efficacy is demonstrated using flow around a cylinder as a case study, with three distinct training sets. One was the sparse velocity data from a domain, and the other two datasets were limited velocity data obtained from the domain boundaries and sensors around the cylinder wall. The coefficient of determination (R2) coefficient and mean squared error (RMSE) metrics, indicative of model performance, have been determined for the velocity components of all models. For the 28 sensors model, the R2 value stands at 0.996 with an associated RMSE of 0.0251 for the u component, while for the v component, the R2 value registers at 0.969, accompanied by an RMSE of 0.0169. The outcomes indicate that the method can successfully recreate the actual velocity field with considerable precision with more than 28 sensors around the cylinder, highlighting PINN's potential as an effective data assimilation technique for experimental fluid mechanics.
Coupling molecular density functional theory with converged selected configuration interaction methods to study excited states in aqueous solution
Authors: Labat Maxime , Giner Emmanuel , Jeanmairet Guillaume
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the first implementation of a coupling between advanced wavefunction theories and molecular density functional theory (MDFT). This method enables the modeling of solvent effect into quantum mechanical (QM) calculations by incorporating an electrostatic potential generated by solvent charges into the electronic Hamiltonian. Solvent charges are deduced from the spatially and angularly dependent solvent particle density. Such a density is obtained through the minimization of the functional associated with the molecular mechanics (MM) Hamiltonian describing the interaction between the fluid particles. The introduced QM/MDFT framework belongs to QM/MM family of methods, but its originality lies in the use of MDFT as the MM solver, offering two main advantages. First, its functional formulation makes it competitive with respect to sampling-based molecular mechanics. Second, it preserves a molecular-level description lost in macroscopic continuum approaches. The excited state properties of water and formaldehyde molecules solvated into water have been computed at the selected configuration interaction (SCI) level. The excitation energies and dipole moments have been compared with experimental data and previous theoretical work. A key finding is that using the Hartree–Fock method to describe the solute allows for predicting the solvent charge around the ground state with sufficient precision for the subsequent SCI calculations of excited states. This significantly reduces the computational cost of the described procedure, paving the way for the study of more complex molecules.
Correlations versus noise in the NFT market
Authors: Wątorek Marcin , Szydło Paweł , Kwapień Jarosław , Drożdż Stanisław
Published: July 2024

The non-fungible token (NFT) market emerges as a recent trading innovation leveraging blockchain technology, mirroring the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market. The current study is based on the capitalization changes and transaction volumes across a large number of token collections on the Ethereum platform. In order to deepen the understanding of the market dynamics, the inter-collection dependencies are examined by using the multivariate formalism of detrended correlation coefficient and correlation matrix. It appears that correlation strength is lower here than that observed in previously studied markets. Consequently, the eigenvalue spectra of the correlation matrix more closely follow the Marchenko–Pastur distribution, still, some departures indicating the existence of correlations remain. The comparison of results obtained from the correlation matrix built from the Pearson coefficients and, independently, from the detrended cross-correlation coefficients suggests that the global correlations in the NFT market arise from higher frequency fluctuations. Corresponding minimal spanning trees for capitalization variability exhibit a scale-free character while, for the number of transactions, they are somewhat more decentralized.