bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ghost Plumes Hidden Beneath Earth’s Continents
Authors: Pilia Simone , Iaffaldano Giampiero , Davies D. Rhodri , Sossi Paolo , Whattam Scott , Hu Hao
Published: June 2024

Mantle plumes are hot, buoyant upwellings that rise from Earth’s core-mantle-boundary (CMB) at ~2891 km depth to its surface1. As they ascend towards the lithosphere – our planet’s rigid outermost shell – the decreasing pressure facilitates decompression melting, resulting in surface volcanism that shows no obvious association with plate boundaries1-3. This so-called hotspot volcanism, commonly identified in oceanic regions, occurs less frequently within continental interiors due to the presence of a thicker lithosphere, which limits plume ascent and associated decompression melting4. However, given challenges in resolving mantle plumes with geophysical imaging5,6, it remains uncertain whether limited continental volcanism implies few sub-continental mantle plumes. Here, we present inter-disciplinary evidence revealing the first clear example of an amagmatic “ghost” plume in eastern Oman – the Dani plume. Despite lacking present-day surface volcanism7,8, this plume is robustly imaged using P- and S-wave arrival-time residuals from distant earthquakes, recorded by a dense regional seismic network. The imaged low-velocity structure is overlain by positive present-day residual topography9,10, in a region enigmatically uplifted since the late Eocene11,12 (~40 Ma). Our analyses of kinematic reconstructions demonstrate that asthenospheric flow associated with the Dani plume modified Indian-plate motion in the late Eocene, allowing us to bound the likely arrival time of this plume beneath the lithosphere. Our findings imply that other “ghost” plumes likely exist on Earth, for example beneath amagmatic topographic swells on the African continent, whilst there is strong evidence for their existence in the recent geological past13,14,15,16. Besides offering an approach to identify hidden continental plumes, both at the present-day and via Earth’s geological record, our study suggests that CMB heat-flux estimates should be revised upwards, with implications for thermal and core evolution models.
Promotion of physical activity-related health competence using digital workplace-based health promotion: a pilot study for office workers
Authors: Oppermann Leonard , Dierks Marie-Luise
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Engaging in health-enhancing physical activity (HEPA) can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases, which is particularly important for office workers with sedentary lifestyles. Therefore, time- and location-independent interventions for increasing HEPA are necessary.
Methods: To achieve long-term changes in HEPA, interventions can be based on physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO). 48 office workers (83% female, 50 ± 8 years) completed an intervention consisted of bi-weekly exercise videos for five weeks, supplemented by PAHCO and anatomical education. The participants' HEPA levels were measured using the BSA-F questionnaire and a physical activity diary, with follow-up measurements at three months.
Results: There was a significant increase in PAHCO (p = .002), especially in control competence (p < .001), after the intervention and at follow-up. The other sub-competences also increased, but not significantly. HEPA decreased after the intervention and at follow-up, but the decrease was not statistically significant.
Discussion: The study indicates that the intervention can improve PAHCO in a real-world setting. However, its impact on actual HEPA levels is inconclusive, requiring further research with a more robust design and objective PA measures.
Virtual screening and molecular docking characterization of Isoxazole-based molecules as potential Hsp90 inhibitors: In silico insight
Authors: Aboalroub Adam A.
Published: June 2024

The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is chaperone machinery involved in the activity of hundreds of client proteins. Numerous Hsp90 clients have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Hsp90 becomes more prone to binding to drug-like small molecules in the cancer milieu. Hence, modulating the Hsp90 activity by such molecules is a promising and growing approach for cancer treatment. The isoxazole-based molecules like Luminespib have shown potent inhibitory effects against Hsp90 activity in myriad human tumor cell lines. In this work, the chemical structure of Luminespib was employed to identify new potential Hsp90 inhibitors using a collection of in silico methods. Screening the ZINC database displayed that thirty-six isoxazole-based molecules can function as Hsp90 inhibitors. The molecular docking simulation analysis demonstrated that eleven of these ZINC-compounds have binding energies ranging from -8.00 to -8.42 Kcal/mol, which implies a high binding affinity compared to Luminespib, with a binding energy of -7.95 Kcal/mol. These compounds bind to Hsp90 via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with crucial residues like Gly97, Asn51, and Lys58. Further optimization of these ZINC compounds could result in the discovery of potent anticancer agents targeting Hsp90.
Relations between daily stressful events, exertion, heart rate variability and thoracolumbar fascia deformability: An integrative single-case study on a sport climber
Authors: Brandl Andreas , Engel Raimung , Egner Christoph , Schleip Robert , Schubert Christian
Published: June 2024

Introduction The posture of performance-oriented sport climbers adapts, which probably promotes the development of low back pain (LBP). In addition to its contribution to performance, the thoracolumbar fascia is seen as a contributor to this process. Furthermore, fascial structures also stiffen in negative emotional conditions.
Purpose To investigate the relationship between training exertion, daily stressful events, the autonomic nervous system and the deformability of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLFD) under the conditions of a free-living sport climber.
Methods Over a 30-day period, the participant (50-year-old, performance-oriented) reported daily morning resting heart rate variability (HRV) and daily inventory of stressful events (DISE). TLFD was measured daily using ultrasound in a manual therapy clinic. A time series analysis was performed to detect possible time-delayed relationships between the variables.
Results Cluster analyses revealed two distinguishable HRV clusters (HRV1 and HRV2). Both clusters were correlated with TLFD and DISE. Higher HRV1 immediately caused lower TLFD. HRV1 parameters mediated the effect of DISE on a decrease in TLFD two days later. One HRV2 parameter mediated the effect of DISE on an increase in TLFD seven days later.
Conclusions HRV1 values, which probably indicate sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, are directly related to TLFD. Presumably, the SNS mediated the effect of DISE on a lower TLFD two days later, followed by a probably parasympathetically mediated supercompensation. Coaches and trainers should be aware of these mechanisms and consider monitoring during training to minimize potential additional risk factors for impaired performance and health.
Variants in the Kallikrein Gene Family and Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Gensemer Cortney , Beck Tyler , Guo Lilong , Petrucci Taylor , Morningstar Jordan , Kornblau Isabelle , Byerly Kathryn , Biggs Rachel , Weintraub Amy , Moore Kelsey , Koren Natalie , Daylor Victoria , Hastings Christina , Oberlies Emily , Zientara Ella R. , Devey Elsie , Dooley Sarah , Stayer Kristina , Fenner Roman , Singleton Katherine , Luzbetak Sofia , Bear Deatra , Byrd Rebecca , Weninger Julianna , Bistran Erika , Beeson Gyda , Kerns Joshua , Griggs Molly , Griggs Charlotte , Osterhaus Madalyn , Fleck Emily , Schnaudigel Jillian , Butler Shaina , Severance Sydney , Kendall Wiley , Delaney Joe R , Judge Daniel P. , Chen Peng , Yao Hai , Guz Jan , Awgulewitsch Alexander , Kautz Steven A. , Mukherjee Rupak , Price Robert , Henderson Fraser , Shapiro Steven , Francomano Clair A. , Kovacic Jason C , Lavallee Mark , Patel Sunil , Berrandou Takiy-Eddine , Slaugenhaupt Susan A. , Milan David , Kontorovich Amy R , Bouatia-Naji Nabila , Norris Russell A.
Published: June 2024

Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is a common heritable connective tissue disorder that lacks a known genetic etiology. To identify genetic contributions to hEDS, whole exome sequencing was performed on families and a cohort of sporadic hEDS patients. A missense variant in Kallikrein-15 (KLK15 p. Gly226Asp), segregated with disease in two families and genetic burden analyses of 197 sporadic hEDS patients revealed enrichment of variants within the Kallikrein gene family. To validate pathogenicity, the variant identified in familial studies was used to generate knock-in mice. Consistent with our clinical cohort, Klk15G224D/+ mice displayed structural and functional connective tissue defects within multiple organ systems. These findings support Kallikrein gene variants in the pathogenesis of hEDS and represent an important step towards earlier diagnosis and better clinical outcomes.
Bioinformatics Approach is Unraveling Potential Crosstalk between Cytomegalovirus and Epilepsy
Authors: Rashdi Salim Al , Al-Mahrami Nabras
Published: June 2024

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that is known to be associated with congenital disorders. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that occurs due to the inception of neurotransmitters. It is suggested that cytomegalovirus can affect epilepsy since it can reach the brain. This study aimed to investigate the molecular crosstalk between epilepsy and Cytomegalovirus infection using a bioinformatics approach.
Methods: We used gene expression datasets related to each condition retrieved from a public database. Differentially expressed gene analysis was performed for each dataset group separately. The common genes that were significantly expressed under both conditions were subjected to protein-to-protein network analysis and gene enrichment analysis.
Results: A total of 192 common genes were identified across the two conditions. The three genes CCL2, CD44, and CCL3 were defined as hub genes in protein-to-protein interaction networks with the highest centrality. This finding suggested the essential roles of these molecules in biological systems. Additionally, these genes are involved in inflammatory processing and the immune response.
Conclusion: We suggested that inflammatory chemokine molecules may participate in molecular crosstalk between CMV and epilepsy. Therefore, additionalinvestigations are required to demonstrate the role of each suggested molecule in this association.
Modern pharmacotherapy for cholestasis syndrome
Authors: Skvortsov V. V. , Eremenko A. A. , Vinogradova M. V.
Published: June 2024

Diseases of the hepatobiliary system today remain an urgent health problem worldwide. A significant percentage of gastroenterological patients are people suffering from cholestasis syndrome. In gastroenterology, there are a number of nosological forms accompanied by the development of cholestasis syndrome. This pathological condition has many etiological factors, but in general, the mechanisms of its formation for various reasons are largely similar. When working with this group of patients, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the clinical picture, which may vary depending on the etiology of the cholestatic syndrome. The fact of the economic burden in this pathology is also important, because sometimes it is necessary to resort to high-tech examination methods and expensive laboratory screening to perform high-quality differential diagnosis. As for the treatment of cholestatic syndrome, at the moment there are many drugs with different mechanisms of action, the predominant part of which, according to randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses, has proven effectiveness. In this article, based on literature sources taken from foreign and domestic databases, the etiology and pathogenesis of the development of cholestasis syndrome, the clinical picture and approaches to the diagnosis of this condition are considered. When considering the treatment of cholestatic syndrome, this article focuses on therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid drugs, in particular Ecurochol. A clinical case is also considered on the example of a patient with cholestasis syndrome who was prescribed treatment with Ecurochol and who showed positive dynamics due to improvements in the ultrasound picture of the abdominal organs.
Traits of the lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defence system in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Smirnova O. V. , Lagutinskaya D. V. , Kasparova I. E.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excess accumulation of fats in hepatocytes. An increasing percentage of adipose tissue is associated with chronic inflammation and developing oxidative stress. These pathological conditions can lead to the progression of steatosis to steatohepatitis with the further development of fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Aim. To evaluate the indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence factors in steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients with NAFLD.

Materials and methods. During the work, 116 patients with NAFLD were examined, of which 65 had steatosis, and 51 had steatohepatitis. The study of biochemical markers of metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates was performed on a Mindray BS-380 biochemical analyzer. The indicators of the LPO-AOD system (MDA, SOD, catalase, ceruloplasmin) were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical data processing was carried out in the STATISTICA and SPSS 26 programs using nonparametric tests.

Results. Patients with steatohepatitis had more severe dyslipidemia, blood triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and LDL were significantly higher (p > 0.05). Impaired cholesterol metabolism was reflected by a high atherogenic index of 3.46. In patients with steatosis, changes in the lipid profile were less pronounced. No disturbances in protein and carbohydrate metabolism were detected. Increased levels of liver markers were noted only in patients with steatohepatitis. The change in the balance in the LPO- AOD system was more pronounced in patients with steatohepatitis; they had a high level of MDA, a high concentration of catalase; in patients with steatosis, only a decrease in the level of MDA and an increase in the level of ceruloplasmin were noted.

Conclusion. Dyslipidemia, hepatocyte cytolysis and liver fibrosis are detected in patients with steatohepatitis. Disturbances in the LPO-AOD system have been identified in both forms of NAFLD, but in steatosis they are compensated. In steatohepatitis, disturbances in “LPO-AOD” in the form of an increase in pro-oxidants and a decrease in antioxidants cause the development of oxidative stress.
Polymorphism of apoptosis marker genes in the blood of indigenous people with gastric cancer in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Vasyutin A. V. , Smolnikova M. V. , Hirlig-ool S. Kh. , Kasparov E. V. , Tonkikh J. L.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Russia is among the leaders in incidence and mortality from gastric cancer (GC). The incidence of gastric cancer in the Republic of Tyva is especially abnormally high. Currently, there is interest in studying genetic factors in various types of cancer. But for GC, such research is not enough.

Aim. To study the polymorphism of the apoptosis marker genes CASP9 (rs1052576), TP53 (rs1042522), FAS/APO-1 (rs2234767) in the blood of indigenous people with GC in the Republic of Tyva.

Materials and methods. 107 Tuvinians were examined (47 people with GC and 60 persons in the control group). The diagnosis of GC was established on the basis of a comprehensive laboratory, instrumental and morphological examination by oncologists at the Republican Oncology Dispensary. Genotyping of polymorphisms rs1052576 CASP9, rs2234767 FAS/APO-1 and rs1042522 TP53 was carried out in all 47 patients with GC and in 60 people in the control group using the polymerase chain reaction method from DNA samples isolated from venous blood.

Results. In patients with GC, compared with healthy individuals, the mutant allele G (44.7% versus 27.5%; p = 0.01) and the homozygous genotype GG (23.4% versus 6.7%; p = 0.03) of polymorphism rs1042522 TP53, as well as mutant allele A (57.4% versus 32.5%; p < 0.001) and homozygous genotype AA (31.9% versus 15.0%; p = 0.05) of polymorphism rs2234767 FAS/ APO-1 were more often registered among indigenous inhabitants of the Republic of Tyva. The frequency of various genotypes and alleles of the polymorphism rs1052576 CASP9 did not differ significantly between patients with GC and healthy individuals.

Conclusion. Based on these results, it can be assumed that the A allele of rs2234767 FAS/APO-1 and the disruption of the anti-oncogenic function of the p53 protein produced by the G allele of rs1042522 TP53 are associated with GC and can be used as markers to determine increased risk in the population of indigenous residents of the Republic of Tyva.
The effect of targeted therapy on the quality of life of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and comorbid bronchial asthma
Authors: Korkmazov A. M. , Lengina M. A. , Korkmazov M. Yu. , Kornova N. V.
Published: June 2024

Introduction. The relevance of studying the possibility of using targeted therapy in the treatment of polypous rhinosinusitis in patients with comorbid bronchial asthma is due to the observed growth of the disease and the disclosure of new pathophysiological mechanisms of their development.

Aim. Based on the generalization of research results and the analysis of our own clinical observations, to improve the effectiveness of treatment and the quality of life of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis with a history of severe bronchial asthma, using genetically engineered biological therapy.

Materials and methods. The literature of the eLibrary databases is analyzed.RU RSCI, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science for the period 2011–2023. The inclusion of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment regimen for diseases that are difficult to treat with medication is based on the results of clinical studies and meta-analysis data. A study of the quality of life was conducted, according to the SF-36 Health Status Survey, 47 patients receiving targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies in medical and preventive institutions of the megalopolis.

Results. The assessment of the quality of life of patients with polypous rhinosinusitis and comorbid bronchial asthma confirmed the effectiveness of targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies. According to the SP-36 questionnaire, before treatment, the low-est scores were on the Role-Physical Functioning scales – 51.5 points and General Health – 49.1 points, respectively. At the 2nd and 16th weeks of treatment, gradually increasing positive dynamics was noted on all scales and by the end of the 52nd week of monoclonal antibody use, values as close to normal as possible were recorded in the Social Functioning, Role Emotional, Mental Health scales and amounted to 97.7; 98,3 and 98.7 points. The effectiveness of the treatment was confirmed by two clinical cases.

Conclusions. Knowledge of the immunological and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease allows us to open up significant prospects for diagnosis and treatment. Recommendations and drug selection should be consistently followed within the framework of the clinical recommendations of the relevant diseases. Strict consideration of the development of short-term and long-term risks of the use of genetically engineered biological therapy is necessary.
Türkiye'de Özel Sağlık Sigortası Şirketlerinin Prim Toplama Başarısında Enflasyonun Etkisi
Authors: Kara Oğuz
Published: June 2024

Devletin sunduğu sağlık hizmetlerinin yetersiz veya kapsamının sınırlı olduğu durumlarda tercih edilen özel sağlık sigortası, bireylerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişimini kolaylaştırmak ve mali risklerini azaltmak için önemli bir araçtır. Enflasyonist bir ortamda bireylerin özel sağlık sigortacılığına yönelimlerini belirlemek, sektördeki değişimleri anlamak açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de Özel Sağlık Sigortası hizmeti sunan şirketlerinin prim toplama düzeyinin enflasyondan hangi yönde ve ne oranda etkilendiğini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren 25 özel sağlık sigorta hizmeti veren işletmeyi kapsamaktadır. 2015-2023 dönemi aylık bazda enflasyon düzeyi ile sigorta şirketlerinin özel sağlık sigortası toplam pirim değerleri arasındaki ilişki ARDL eşbütünleşme metodolojisi kullanarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre özel sağlık sigortası ile TÜFE arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. TÜFE oranındaki artışların özel sağlık sigortası pirim değerlerini reel olarak arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Screening the presence of cyanotoxin in selected reservoirs in Sri Lanka and employing molecular markers as an advanced alert system
Authors: Liyanage Gayani Yasodara , Sadeepa Dilini , Manage Pathmalal
Published: June 2024

Establishing reliable and cost-effective tools to identify the occurrence of toxin-producing cyanobacteria could lead to an early warning system to prevent water consumption and recreational activities, especially for low-income agricultural countries. The current study utilised a two-method approach, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction, to enumerate commonly occurring cyanotoxins: microcystin (MC), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), nodularin (NOD), anatoxin-a (ANA-a), and saxitoxin (SAX), and to evaluate the presence of the genes responsible for producing these toxins. Water samples from 43 drinking, recreational and irrigational water bodies in Sri Lanka were collected between November 2019 and July 2020. Results indicated that 24 of the sampled water bodies contained at least one of the toxin-producing genes screened. Notably, the overall MC concentration detected for Beira Lake in Colombo, a recreational waterbody in the country's largest and most populous city, was 3.31 μg/L. Among the different cyanotoxins analysed, MC was found to be the most dominant (37%) in the collected water samples compared to CYN (10%), SAX (10%), NOD (10%), and ANA-a (10%). This is the first such study where molecular approaches were combined with immunological assays to provide an extensive survey highlighting an alarming level of contamination of cyanotoxins in intensively used water bodies.
Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in household greywater discharged into the environment in Burkina Faso's Sahel region
Authors: Compaoré Cheik Omar Tidiane , Maiga Ynoussa , Zongo Sandrine G. , Sawadogo Mamady , Nikiema Mahamadi , Mien Oumarou , Ouili Amidou S. , Mogmenga Iliassou , Ouattara Cheik Amadou Tidiane , Mihelcic James R. , Ouattara Aboubakar Sidiki
Published: June 2024

The prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. from greywater were investigated in Africa's Sahel region, Burkina Faso. A total of 36 and 56 isolates of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from greywater, respectively. From the Salmonella spp. isolates, resistance was most frequently observed against vancomycin (69%), ampicillin (61%), cefoxitin (42%), trimethoprine/sulfamethoxazole (36%), amoxicillin-clavunal acid (33%) and tetracycline (33%). For all Staphylococcus spp. isolates, the highest rate of resistance was against penicillin (55.36%) followed by oxacillin (48.21%) and clindamycin (30.36%). In addition, 75% of the isolated Salmonella spp. strains were resistant to at least two antibiotics of different families, while 30.35% of Staphylococcus spp. strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Overall, this is one of the first studies reporting the presence of MDR bacteria in untreated greywater discharged from domestic activities in Burkina Faso. Our results show that untreated greywater can contain bacteria resistant to antibiotics used in therapeutic care. Therefore, uncontrolled discharge of untreated greywater into the environment could lead to the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment and increase the risk of human exposure to antimicrobial resistance.
Wavelet–ANN hybrid model evaluation in seepage prediction in nonhomogeneous earthen dams
Authors: Fatehi-Nobarian Bahador , Fard Moradinia Sina
Published: June 2024

In this study, novel methods such as wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid models and artificial neural network models were used to predict seepage from the Zonouz earthen dam. The dataset consisted of 972 piezometric data points. Statistical fitting methods such as root mean squared error, determination coefficient, scatter plots, and data distribution diagrams were used to evaluate the results. The findings indicated that the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model was more accurate than the artificial neural network model. Specifically, during training, the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model had determination coefficients and root mean squared errors of 0.820, 0.680, 743.39, and 792.52, while the artificial neural network model had 0.700, 0.600, 426.39, and 131.45. Similarly, during validation, the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model had determination coefficients and root mean squared errors of 0.700, 0.600, 426.39, and 131.45, while the artificial neural network model had 0.823, 0.680, 743.39, and 792.52. Therefore, the wavelet–artificial neural network hybrid model can be proposed as a precise method for predicting seepage in earthen dams and is more accurate than the artificial neural network model. This study highlights the importance of preventing dam failures and using advanced modeling techniques for better predictions and preventive measures.
Numerical simulation of flow characteristics in nonprismatic compound channels
Authors: Kaushik Vijay , Kumar Munendra , Naik Bandita
Published: June 2024

The assessment of the flow characteristics of river systems is a very intricate undertaking in the development of hydraulic models for the purposes of flood control and floodplain management. Therefore, it is essential to use simulation models in order to calibrate and verify the experimental results. In this study, the Hydrologic Engineering Centre's – River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) is used to calibrate and validate the distribution of velocity and shear stress for different converging compound channels. Two separate flow regimes were assessed for validation based on experimental data obtained from converging compound channels with angles of θ = 5°, 9°, and 12.38°. The projected values for two relative depths (β = 0.15 and 0.20) exhibit a similar pattern of variation as the empirical observations and are marginally lower than the recorded values. This suggests that the HEC-RAS model accurately estimates the velocity and shear stress values. The disparity between the simulated and experimental outcomes shows a discrepancy of less than 10%. Hence, the implications of our results suggest that while dealing with nonprismatic rivers, it is advisable to take into account lower values. The used methodology and the outcomes focused on problem-solving might potentially inform the development of flood control infrastructure for nonprismatic watercourses.
Treatment of tetracycline in an aqueous solution with an iron–biochar/periodate system: Influencing factors and mechanisms
Authors: Xu Shuo , Wei Hongyan , Li Xuejiao , Chen Lizhu , Song Tiehong
Published: June 2024

In this study, a potassium ferrate (K2FeO4)-modified biochar (Fe–BC) was prepared and characterized. Afterwards, Fe–BC was applied to activated periodate (PI) to degrade tetracycline (TC), an antibiotic widely used in animal farming. The degradation effects of different systems on TC were compared and the influencing factors were investigated. In addition, several reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the Fe–BC/PI system were identified, and TC degradation pathways were analyzed. Moreover, the reuse performance of Fe–BC was evaluated. The results exhibited that the Fe–BC/PI system could remove almost 100% of TC under optimal conditions of [BC] = 1.09 g/L, initial [PI] = 3.29 g/L, and initial [TC] = 20.3 mg/L. Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, and humic acid inhibited TC degradation to varying degrees in the Fe–BC/PI system due to their quenching effects on ROS. TC was degraded into intermediates and even water and carbon dioxide by the synergistic effect of ROS generated and Fe on the BC surface. Fe–BC was reused four times, and the removal rate of TC was still maintained above 80%, indicating the stable nature of Fe–BC.
Computational Investigation of Novel Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of
AChE and GSK-3β for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Londhe Saurabh G. , Shenoy Mangala , Kini Suvarna G. , Walhekar Vinayak , Kumar Dileep
Published: June 2024

Background:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands out as one of the most devastating and
prevalent neurodegenerative disorders known today. Researchers have identified several enzymatic
targets associated with AD among which Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) are prominent ones. Unfortunately, the market offers very few drugs for
treating or managing AD, and none have shown significant efficacy against it.

Objectives:

To address this critical issue, the design and discovery of dual inhibitors will represent
a potential breakthrough in the fight against AD. In the pursuit of designing novel dual inhibitors,
we explored molecular docking and dynamics analyses of tacrine and amantadine uredio-linked
amide analogs such as GSK-3β and AChE dual inhibitors for curtailing AD. Tacrine and adamantine
are the FDA-approved drugs that were structurally modified to design and develop novel drug
candidates that may demonstrate concurrently dual selectivity towards GSK-3β and AChE.

Methods:

In the following study, molecular docking was executed by employing AutoDock Vina,
and molecular dynamics and ADMET predictions were made using Desmond, Qikprop modules
of Schrödinger.

Results:

Our findings revealed that compounds DST2 and DST11 exhibited remarkable molecular
interactions with active sites of GSK-3β and AChE, respectively. These compounds effectively interacted
with key amino acids, namely Lys85, Val135, Asp200, and Phe295, resulting in highly
favourable docking energies of -9.7 and -12.7 kcal/mol. Furthermore, through molecular dynamics
simulations spanning a trajectory of 100 ns, we confirmed the stability of ligands DST2 and
DST11 within the active cavities of GSK-3β and AChE. The compounds exhibiting the most
promising docking results also demonstrated excellent ADMET profiles. Notably, DST21 displayed
an outstanding human oral absorption rate of 76.358%, surpassing the absorption rates of
other molecules.

Conclusion:

Overall, our in-silico studies revealed that the designed molecules showed potential
as novel anti-Alzheimer agents capable of inhibiting both GSK-3β and AChE simultaneously. So,
in the future, the designing and development of dual inhibitors will harbinger a new era of drug design
in AD treatment.
A Narrative Overview of Coronavirus Infection: Clinical Signs and Symptoms, Viral Entry and Replication, Treatment Modalities, and Management
Authors: Chavda Vishal , Yadav Dhananjay , Parmar Harisinh , Brahmbhatt Raxit , Patel Bipin , Madhwani Kajal , Jain Meenu , Song Minseok , Patel Snehal
Published: June 2024

:

The global pandemic known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is causing morbidity
and mortality on a daily basis. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-
-2) virus has been around since December 2019 and has infected a high number of patients due to
its idiopathic pathophysiology and rapid transmission. COVID-19 is now deemed a newly identified
“syndrome” condition since it causes a variety of unpleasant symptoms and systemic side effects
following the pandemic. Simultaneously, it always becomes potentially hazardous when new
variants develop during evolution. Its random viral etiology prevents accurate and suitable therapy.
Despite the fact that multiple preclinical and research studies have been conducted to combat
this lethal virus, and various therapeutic targets have been identified, the precise course of therapy
remains uncertain. However, just a few drugs have shown efficacy in treating this viral infection
in its early stages. Currently, several medicines and vaccinations have been licensed following
clinical trial research, and many countries are competing to find the most potent and effective immunizations
against this highly transmissible illness. For this narrative review, we used PubMed,
Google Scholar, and Scopus to obtain epidemiological data, pre-clinical and clinical trial outcomes,
and recent therapeutic alternatives for treating COVID-19 viral infection. In this study, we
discussed the disease's origin, etiology, transmission, current advances in clinical diagnostic technologies,
different new therapeutic targets, pathophysiology, and future therapy options for this devastating
virus. Finally, this review delves further into the hype surrounding the SARS-CoV-2 illness,
as well as present and potential COVID-19 therapies.
The Provision of Quality Municipal Water Services to Communities in Nelson Mandela Bay
Authors:   Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Oyelana Akeem Adewale , Malandiswe Nteya , Jakoet-Salie Amina
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the barriers the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) faces in delivering quality water service. This paper employed a desktop research. Data were collected using secondary data. The data collected were analysed using thematically analysis. The study's findings show that the NMBM faces various barriers to providing adequate quality water service. The study noted severe backlog challenges, including, among others, the ageing infrastructure and financial constraints perpetuated by corruption. The study established that the NMBM does not supply quality water services to communities due to poor accountability and massive corruption in the NMBM. Therefore, this study recommends that municipalities recruit adequately-skilled personnel to run the NMBM’s water supply service affairs.
Insights Into Commune Council Leadership: Case of Decentralization Reform in Choueng Prey District, Cambodia
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Techo Sen School of Government and International Relations, University of Cambodia, Kosal Han , Yat Yen ,   Police Academy of Cambodia
Published: June 2024

Decentralization reform has been adopted by the Cambodian government since 2001, bringing the government and services closest to the people through the commune council, the lowest tier of subnational administration. The reform has contested local leadership to the premise of decentralization and local democracy based on good governance. To look into such a contest of a two-decade-long decentralization reform, this research aims to examine in-depth insights into the leadership capacity of the commune council in Cambodia upon the case of Choueng Prey district, Kampong Cham province. With the adoption of qualitative methodology along with score-based assessments, the results of this research uncovered the perspectives on local leadership. The results suggested that the current decentralization reforms need further reforms with stronger and more genuine political commitment of the government in return for local sustainable development and effective public service delivery. Evidentially, the leadership of the commune council has been identified to be relatively deficient due to the durable existence of a low education standard for the council candidates, the meagre structure of commune council management, and the privation of procedures for selecting and recruiting the council candidates. These are key focuses to results and discussion because they are believed to be fundamental drivers in shaping the quality of commune council leadership which is a cornerstone of this research.
Performance Management Implementation Challenges in South African Local Government: Evidence from KwaDukuza Local Municipality
Authors:   MANCOSA, Durban, South Africa, Mohangi Prashina , Nyika Farai
Published: June 2024

South African municipalities are mandated to provide accountable governance, ensure sustainable service delivery, promote economic and social development, provide a healthy and safe environment, and include communities in the affairs of local government, as contained in the country’s constitution. However, many municipalities are struggling to provide these services to their residents. Performance management is the tool that can contribute to solving service delivery challenges as the performance management contracts of all municipal employees are meant to be aligned to their Integrated Development Plans. This study investigates how performance management implementation challenges are negatively affecting the ability of KwaDukuza Local Municipality to deliver on their core mandate. The study uses a qualitative methodology with 14 semi-interviews of municipal managers and councillors. It finds that weak institutional capacity, low levels of accountability, poor implementation and poor communication of performance management practices are hindering the KwaDukuza Municipality. The authors recommend that the provincial government increases its support to the local municipality, increased managerial accountability and for managers to be capacitated to implement the performance management systems.
Research and Community Service Performance during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Performance Management Response (Study in a Public University)
Authors:   Department of Public Administration, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia, Muh Mohammad
Published: June 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic influenced various aspects of lives, such as in health, economy, and education sector. The conditions of these sectors attracted academics and practitioners, who in turn conducted research during the pandemic period. One interesting and rarely discussed aspect is the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the process and performance of university research and community service. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the process and performance of research and community service. This research was conducted at Brawijaya University using pragmatic evaluation methods and a survey research approach. The unit of analysis was institutions/units related to research and community service activities, for instance, BPPM, Study Centre, Research Groups, and Laboratories. The researcher distributed questionnaire through google form. Although only 52 people responded to the questionnaire, they represented each institution as the unit of analysis in this research. The research findings showed most of the respondents conveyed that Covid-19 pandemic had impact on the process and performance of the research and community services. As suggestion, research and community service management are required to make improvement and adjustment to ensure continuous process and performance.
Strategies for success: A theoretical model for implementing business intelligence systems to enhance organizational performance
Authors:   Business Intelligence Department, Business School, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan, Al-Maaitah Tamara Adel , Khalid Al Smadi ,   Business Intelligence Department, Business School, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan, Al-Junaidi Ala'a Mohammed Fadel ,   Business Intelligence Department, Business School, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan, Al Daabseh Tariq Khairo Issa ,   Business Intelligence Department, Business School, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan, Alnawafleh Ahmed ,   Business Administration Department, Business School, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan, Qatawneh Nour Abdulwahab ,   Management Information System, Business School, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan, Al-Maaitah Dirar Abdelaziz ,   Business and Accounting Department, Alburaimi University, Al Buraimi, Oman
Published: June 2024

The use of Business Intelligence Systems (BIS) has seen a significant rise worldwide in recent years, aiming to support organizations in navigating the competitive business environment. Despite this, many organizations struggle to fully benefit from BIS due to challenges in its implementation. A key reason identified for these challenges is the lack of effective measurement strategies. This paper seeks to provide a clear overview of business intelligence and the key factors that influence its successful implementation in organizations. Through a review of existing literature, the study identifies the most critical components necessary for the effective use of a business intelligence system. It proposes a theoretical model for evaluating BIS performance at the organizational level inspired by the Information System Performance Model. This model suggests that system quality, information quality, service quality, relationship quality, and process quality all play a vital role in enhancing perceived usefulness and user satisfaction, thereby leading to organizational benefits. By integrating insights from relevant literature, this paper offers a detailed understanding of how to assess the success of BIS within an organization. The findings highlight the positive impact of business intelligence systems on organizational performance and decision-making processes, aiding organizations in making informed decisions. This research is unique in that it presents a theoretical model for evaluating the success of BIS in organizations based on an extensive review of the literature. Additionally, it extends the application of the Information System Success Model to the domain of BIS for analyzing performance at the management level.
Caracterización Morfo agronómica de poblaciones de maíz criollo recolectados en la provincia de
Manabí, Ecuador
Authors: Murillo Arteaga Wilson Rafael , Sánchez-Mora Fernando David , Zambrano Zambrano Eddie Ely , Pérez-Almeida Iris Betzaida , Ruilova Narváez Favio Leonardo
Published: June 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar morfoagronómicamente 38 poblaciones de maíces criollos
provenientes de la Provincia de Manabí. En la época seca del año 2022, se establecieron parcelas de 8 m2 por
cada población de maíz criollo, con un distanciamiento de 0,30 m entre plantas y 0,80 m entre surcos; cada
surco de 5 m de longitud; en la Estación Experimental Portoviejo (EEP) del Instituto Nacional de
Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP). Se utilizaron 30 descriptores morfoagronómicos, 19 cuantitativos y
11 cualitativos. Se empleó la estadística descriptiva; análisis de clúster con el método de Ward y distancia de
Gower para realizar agrupamientos; el índice “D” de Engels, chi-cuadrado (χ2), coeficiente de Cramer (V) y
coeficiente de contingencia (P) para identificar los descriptores discriminantes. Se identificaron varias razas
de maíz criollo, incluyendo las razas Candela, Cubano, Tuxpeño, Tusilla y Uchima. Se observó una diversidad
genética significativa en las poblaciones estudiadas. El análisis de clúster mostró la formación de cuatro
grupos, donde las poblaciones de granos duros con mazorcas grandes y la de granos suaves con mazorcas
cortas fueron separadas en grupos diferentes. Las variables cuantitativas altura de la mazorca, longitud de
panoja, porcentaje de acame, número de granos por hilera y peso de la tusa registraron índices “D” de 0,75,
mostrándose como variables discriminantes en la formación de los grupos, mientras que las variables
cualitativas más discriminantes fueron el tipo de grano (χ2 = 49,09***, P= 0,742, V= 0,64), color de grano
(χ2= 51,955***, P= 0,75, V=0,64), disposición de hileras (χ2= 18,11*, P=0,56, V=0,39), y forma de la
superficie del grano (χ2 = 20,52*, P=0,58, V=0,41). Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de estas
poblaciones de maíz criollo como un valioso recurso genético para su conservación y el uso del cereal.
Palabras claves: Maíz criollo, diversidad genética, caracterización morfológica, agronómica, razas,
conservación, Manabí, Ecuador.
Protein and sugar contents, total antioxidant capacity, analgesic and antiulcer activities of quince fruit
extract
Authors: Djidel Saliha , Bouaziz Amel , Bentahar Assia , Barghout Nihed , Dahamna Saliha , khennouf Seddik
Published: June 2024

Cydonia oblonga belongs to the Rosaceae family, known in Algeria as sfarjel. It is a good source of secondary
metabolites with antidiabetic, antihemolytic and antiallergic effects. The present study was undertaken to
estimate total proteins and sugar contents and in vitro antioxidant, analgesic, and gastroprotective activities
of quince fruit ethanolic extract (QFEE). Proteins and sugar contents of QFEE were determined to be 0.06 ±
0.002 mg BSA E/ g of dry extract and 111.95±0.02 mg GE/g of dry extract, respectively. Using total
antioxidant capacity (TAC), QFEE demonstrated a critical antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of
0.39±0.008 mg/ml. Oral administration of QFEE at 200 and 600 mg/kg doses to rats gave a dose-dependent
gastroprotective effect in an ethanol model-induced ulcer, with protection percentages of 77.75 and 91.81 %,
respectively. The same doses of extract had analgesic activities against acetic acidinduced abdominal contraction. According to these findings, quince extract is an essential source of
antioxidant compounds that may have analgesic properties and shield the stomach from developing ulcers.
Keywords: Cydonia oblonga Mill, Sugar content, protein content, Antioxidant activity, Analgesic, Ulcer
Potencial efecto pleiotrópico de la Atorvastatina: inhibidor del crecimiento bacteriano, estudio in vitro
Authors: Yareta Yareta José , Aycachi-Centeno Lucely , Hurtado-Pérez Vasti , Laureano-Condori Stefani , Salazar-Granara Alberto , Marcos Carbajal Pool
Published: June 2024

El objetivo del estudio es determinar el efecto inhibitorio de Atorvastatina cálcica sobre el crecimiento bacteriano in vitro, el cual serviría para evidenciar un efecto pleiotrópico de este compuesto. Se realizó mediante la técnica de difusión en papel, en las que se enfrentaron a 3 cepas ATCC: Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa, Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus, con 6 repeticiones para cada una. El sistema de ensayo estuvo formado por concentraciones de Atorvastatina cálcica de 250 μg y 500 μg; también se utilizó control positivo: Aztreonam 30 μg, Trimetoprima/sulfametoxazol 25 μg y Cefoxitina 30 μg y control negativo etanol. Los datos fueron procesados en Stata v17. Los resultados mostraron halos de inhibición de 6 mm en las concentraciones de 250 μg y de 500 μg de Atorvastatina para todas las muestras experimentales. In vitro Atorvastatina a concentraciones de 250 μg y 500 μg, no presentó efecto inhibidor frente a las cepas bacte-rianas estudiadas.
Palabras clave: Antibacterianos, Atorvastatina, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pleiotrópico
The Effect of Environmental Pollution on Blood Components of Individuals in Different
Environmental Areas (Rural and Urban)
Authors: Mohammed AL-Shuraifi Raneen , Yonis Dallalbashi Zahra Izideen
Published: June 2024

Many chemicals and their harmful effects and diseases have been linked as causative agents of diseases. The
research included knowledge of the effect of continuous exposure to environmental pollutants on the blood
components of individuals living in Mosul (an urban area) and Al-Sheikhan district (a rural area). Eighty blood
samples were collected from males only, non-smokers, alcohol abusers and those free of chronic diseases.
Their ages ranged Between (21-55) years old; the samples were divided into two groups. The first group
included (40) blood samples from Mosul, while the second group included (40) samples from individuals from
the Al-Sheikhan district in the same age groups. The results showed a significant increase in Red Blood cell
count (RBCS), Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Packed Blood Cell Volume (PCV) in the group of males
living in the city of Mosul compared with the group of males living in the Al-Sheikhan district. In contrast,
the results showed a significant increase in White Blood cell count (WBCS), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
(ESR) and Platelet Count (PLT) in a group of males living in Al-Sheikhan district compared with a group of
males living in Mosul city.
Keywords: Environmental Areas, Environmental Pollution, Blood Components, Rural, Urban.