bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving hydrogen evolution performance of Co:FeS2/CoS2 nano-heterostructure at elevated temperatures
Authors: Wang Ka , Song Haizeng , Lin Zixia , Gao Yuan , Wu Han , Yan Shancheng , Wang Jun , Shi Yi
Published: December 2019

Fabrication and improvement of high-efficient, durable, and earth-abundant non-precious metal hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts are particularly important in the production of clean energy hydrogen. In this study, we synthesized Co:FeS2/CoS2 nano-heterostructure
with superior hydrogen evolution performance by a typical one-step hydrothermal method. When the temperature of HER solution was raised from 0 °C to 60 °C, the overpotential for Co:FeS2/CoS2 nano-heterostructure at 10 cm–2 was reduced from 115
to 75 mV and its Tafel slope did not change significantly. Moreover, the overpotential for Co:FeS2/CoS2 nano-heterostructure increased by only 6 mV after 1000 cycles of CV at 60 °C. This work provides a strategy for preparing and improving the performance of non-precious
metal electrocatalysts to replace precious metal electrocatalysts.
Environment friendly qualitatively responsive ethyl cellulose films as smart food packaging
Authors: Yadav Neelam , Kaur Raminder
Published: December 2019

The present study assessed the applicability of pH indicators in the polymeric films that can be used as smart packaging in the food industries. The pH responsive films using Ethyl cellulose (EC) and azo indicators [i.e., Methyl Orange (MO) and Methyl Red (MR)] have been developed,
which have shown remarkable sensitivity towards the pH variation. After activation in different pH range, the colour variation was measured for each film with the CIE Lab methodology. A significant L * [the parameter L * represents the lightness of colours from 0 (dark)
to 100 (light), in CIELAB units] variation of EC-MO was seen ranging from 59 (at 0% acid) to 32 (at 60% acid) while for EC-MR, the variation in L * parameter was seen ranging from 89 (at 0% acid) to 32 (at 50% acid). These qualitatively responsive films were further tested for their
water absorption capacity and mechanical properties. The water absorption capacity of the EC film incorporated with indicators were observed to be low as compared to the EC-standard film. The incorporation of MO resulted in a regular increase in water absorption capacity range from 34.08–47.11
while the MR incorporated films showed an irregular increase from 41.13–42.13, during a 24 hrs interval. The film with MO also showed a good mechanical property when tested by a micro UTM. The peak load was observed at around 2.7 N. Necking was more observant in the EC film incorporated
with MO as compared to other samples, thus showing good plasticity.
Electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties of multi-layered polyvinyl chloride/multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposite
Authors: Aljaafari Abdullah , Ibrahim Sobhy S.
Published: December 2019

Electromagnetic shielding is one of the promising research areas that attract the interest of many researchers, especially researchers interested in polymer nanocomposite. In this work, the shielding efficiency and dynamic mechanical analysis for multi-layered samples are reviewed and
analyzed. The multi-layered samples were prepared using two sheets of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer loaded with multiwall carbon nanotubes over the electrical percolation threshold, and a MWCNTs buckypaper (MWCNTs BP) sheet between them. The three sheets were collected together by hot-press
technique to form a multi-layered nanocomposite sample. The shielding efficiency of single and double layers of PVC/MWCNTs sheets loaded by 5 wt.% MWCNTs, was very weak. The new structured (3 layered/multilayered) nanocomposite samples were prepared with different weight percent of MWCNTs
BP sheet (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%). The SE values over all the frequency range (450 MHz to about 2.0 GHz) are strongly depends on the weight percent of the MWCNTs BP. Shielding efficiency increased as the MWCNTs BP weight percent increased. Decreases the elastic modulus, storage modulus and
the coefficient of complex viscosity were found for a new set of samples contains 0.14, 0.27, 0.28 and 0.44 wt.% MWCNTs BP layers. This is due to the diffused MWCNTs from the mesh to polymer layers making the composite more brittle. The glass transition temperature determined from tanδ(f)
increased as MWCNTs BP content increases.
Analysis of digital light synthesis based flexible and rigid polyurethane for applications in automobile bumpers
Authors: Begum Sartaz , Ahmed Gulam Mohammed Sayeed , Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali
Published: December 2019

The current work presents the design of automobile bumper using two novel materials, Flexible Polyurethane and Rigid Polyurethane, which meets the desired functional requirements for better performance. Two different designs for automobile bumpers have been made and corresponding deformation
and stresses are investigated using Finite Element Analysis. The impact tests were carried out for two different materials of automobile bumpers. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy were done to characterize and compare the bumper materials with Rigid Polyurethane
fabricated by Digital Light Synthesis. Both Flexible Polyurethane and Rigid Polyurethane outperform the existing bumper materials in terms of the impact strength. Among the new materials investigated, Rigid Polyurethane displays less deflection and Von-mises stresses and hence it may be suitable
to replace the existing bumper materials in heavy vehicles with Rigid Polyurethane. The impact strength of Flexible Polyurethane is more than Rigid Polyurethane and hence this material may replace the existing materials in passenger cars.
Based on magnetic beads to develop the kit for extraction of high-quality cell-free DNA from blood of breast cancer patients
Authors: He Ziyu , Tang Congli , Chen Xiang , Liu Hongmei , Yang Gaojian , Xiao Ziqi , Li Wen , Deng Yan , Jin Lian , Chen Hong , Chen Zhu , Li Song
Published: December 2019

Early detection of breast cancer (BC) is very important to avoid mortality caused by it. It is concluded in recent studies that the DNA in patient's serum can be used as biomarker for cancer detection. Therefore, extracting high-quality DNA from patient's serum can achieve this goal.
In this work, we compared three methods (phenol-chloroform, column-based and magnetic beads) of extracting DNA from serum by means of purchased commercial kits and concluded that column-based kit is the best one to extract Cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Then we developed a new kit named PuriMag magnetic
beads kit to extract DNA from serum of BC patients. Further, we described the properties of this new kit including its recovery capacity and stability. We compared the extraction performances of PuriMag magnetic beads kit and column-based kit and concluded that PuriMag magnetic beads are a
better method to extract cfDNA. Surely PuriMag magnetic beads also suit automation and will be a useful method for fast, high-quality and automatic DNA extraction from serum.
Evaluating weld properties of conventional and swept friction stir spot welded 6061-T6 aluminium alloy
Authors: Suresh S. , Venkatesan K. , Natarajan Elango , Rajesh S. , Lim Wei Hong
Published: December 2019

6061-T6 aluminium alloy is a tempered grade aluminium material that is extensively used, particularly in space and automotive applications. The conventional and swept friction stir spot welding (FSSW) joints are prepared by varying tool rotational speed at four different levels. The
mechanical properties, microstructure and mode of failure in both types of FSSW are evaluated and reported. The high plastic deformation and fine grains influenced the increase in hardness of the weld joints based on the Hall-Petch equation. The highest lap shear strength of 5.31 kN is observed
in swept FSSW sample prepared at 1400 rpm. Interestingly, 1600 rpm decreased the lap shear strength due to insufficient friction between base metal and tool in the higher tool rotational speed. The minimum microhardness is noticed in heat-affected zone (HAZ) of both cases. Conventional FSSW
samples showed shear fracture, nugget pullout fracture and circumferential fracture under lap shear loading, whereas swept FSSW showed only the circumferential fracture.
Explaining Rainfall Accumulations over Several Days in the French Alps Using Low-Dimensional Atmospheric Predictors Based on Analogy
Authors: Blanchet Juliette , Creutin Jean-Dominique
Published: December 2019

We propose a new approach to explain multiday rainfall accumulation over a French Alpine watershed using large-scale atmospheric predictors based on analogy. The classical analogy framework associates a rainfall cumulative distribution function (CDF) with a given atmospheric situation from the precipitation accumulations yielded by the closest situations. The analogy may apply to single-day or multiday sequences of pressure fields. The proposed approach represents a paradigm shift in analogy. It relies on the similarity of the local topology mapping the pressure field sequences, somehow forgetting the pressure fields per se. This topology is summarized by the way the sequences of pressure fields resemble their neighbors (dimensional predictors) and how fast they evolve in time (dynamical predictors). Although some information—and hence predictability—is expected to be lost when compared with classical analogy, this approach provides new insight on the atmospheric features generating rainfall CDFs. We apply both approaches to geopotential heights over western Europe in view of assessing 3-day rainfall accumulations over the Isère River catchment at Grenoble, France. Results show that dimensional predictors are the most skillful features for predicting 3-day rainfall—bringing alone 60% of the predictability of the classical analogy approach—whereas the dynamical predictors are less explicative. These results open new directions of research that the classical analogy approach cannot handle. They show, for instance, that both dry sequences and strong rainfall sequences are associated with singular 500-hPa geopotential shapes acting as local attractors—a way of explaining the change in rainfall CDFs in a changing climate.
Sociology and the ethnography of human rights at mega-sport events
Authors: Næss Hans Erik
Published: December 2019

Sociology and human rights are sometimes perceived as Western liberal constructs. To do sociological studies of human rights in locations where both discipline and topic are contested, therefore, necessitates a sophisticated treatment of the relation between them if trustworthy results are to be generated. In order to do so, this article speculates on the potential of disciplinary development by assessing the conditions for doing sociological ethnography of mega-sport events. More specifically, it explores the ramifications of the International Olympic Committee’s Host City Contract from 2024 onwards. This contract requires the event bidder to actively engage in the protection of human rights. But how can we explore ethnographically the execution of this requirement? Rather than resuming ideas on a ‘syncretised’ sociology as a response to the burdens of methodological nationalism and Eurocentrism, this article uses the IOC contract as an example and lessons from the Fédération de Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) work on human rights to argue that there is an unexplored potential in improving sociological ethnographic research by adapting it to the specifics of a topic.
Cross Exposure: Narrative Healthcare and Dr. Katie Geneva Cannon’s Womanist Theology of the Cross
Authors: Taylor-Troutman Andrew
Published: December 2019

This essay begins with a brief meditation on the meaning of “Good” Friday, the Christian day of remembrance of the torturous death of Jesus, then shifts to apply the multiplicity of meanings of the term “exposure” to the appendix in Dr. Cannon’s book Katie’s Canon. Dr. Cannon’s intensely personal narrative about her childhood becomes an invitation for readers to consider their own life stories, as demonstrated by a case study from a Narrative Healthcare workshop. While womanist theology has identified problematic aspects in the tradition of Christian theology about the cross, the claim here is that “cross exposure” between the disciplines of womanist theology and Narrative Healthcare leads to understanding the cross as an act of “at-one-moment” by the Trinity, which allows individuals to affirm themselves in the larger story of redemption. This application of the interdisciplinary, collaborative nature of womanist studies is offered in memory of Dr. Cannon by a former student.
Association of Dysplastic Coronoid Process with Long-Face Morphology
Authors: Chen T. , Liu Z. , Xue C. , Tian W. , Bai D. , Chen Y.P.
Published: December 2019

Vertical malocclusion is a developmental condition, resulting from complex interactions among multiple etiological factors during the growth period. As a tricky dentofacial deformity clinically, long-face (LF) morphology is characterized by excessive vertical facial growth with severe disarrangement of jaws and teeth. Since the improvement of LF patients on facial profile and occlusion is often difficult and lacks long-term stability, it becomes important to unravel the etiology of LF pattern formation for early prevention and treatment. In the current studies, we identified a transgenic mouse model that exhibited a dysplastic coronoid process and LF morphology. Although the mutant mice exhibited jaw structures and occlusion comparable to controls at birth, they all acquired typical LF morphology with anterior open bite during postnatal growth, resembling clinical features of the selected skeletal class III patients. Since the coronoid process provides an insertion site for the temporalis attachment, we examined the initial development and differentiation of the temporalis and found identical results in both control and mutant mice before E17.5 when the temporal muscle makes attachment to the coronoid process. However, thereafter, we observed altered orientation and reduced size of the cross-sectional area of the temporalis in mutant mice, which persisted to the weaning stage. Biomechanical analysis and simulation modeling further support the idea that altered morphology of the coronoid process may impair the efficiency of the vertical temporalis contraction and appears to correlate with LF formation. Consistently, we present evidence that a dysplastic mandibular coronoid process was also seen in some human patients with skeletal III LF morphology. Taken together, the results presented in this study establish an association of the craniofacial bony structures with vertical patterning, which will have implications in earlier prediction for clinical precaution and intervention.
Dimeric Proanthocyanidins on the Stability of Dentin and Adhesive Biointerfaces
Authors: Leme-Kraus A.A. , Phansalkar R.S. , dos Reis M.C. , Aydin B. , Sousa A.B.S. , Alania Y. , McAlpine J. , Chen S.N. , Pauli G.F. , Bedran-Russo A.K.
Published: December 2019

A dentin biomodification strategy with selective proanthocyanidin (PAC)–enriched extracts reinforces dentin and dentin-resin interfaces. Enrichment of the extracts according to the degree of polymerization allows exploration of bioactive principles of PACs and structure-activity relationships. This study investigated the sustained dentin matrix biomodification and dentin-resin bioadhesion of 2 fractions consisting exclusively of B-type PAC dimers with or without a single galloyl motif (specifically, DIMERG and DIMERNG) and their precursor material, enriched grape seed extract (e-GSE; Vitis vinifera). The biomodification potential was determined by long-term evaluation of the apparent modulus of elasticity and collagen solubility (hydroxyproline release). Chemical characterization of the dentin matrix was performed by attenuated total reflectance–Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The bioadhesive properties were assessed by a microtensile bond strength test at different time points, and macro-hybrid layers were produced to verify the degree of conversion of the adhesive resin. Fractions consisting of DIMERG, DIMERNG, and their precursor, e-GSE, increased the modulus of elasticity at all time points and reduced collagen degradation. Specimens treated with DIMERNG remained stable throughout 12 mo of storage, whereas a significant drop in the modulus of elasticity was observed for the DIMERG and e-GSE groups at 6 mo. The fractions and precursor did not affect the degree of resin conversion at the hybrid layer. Changes in infrared resonances corresponding to collagen cross-links in the dentin matrix occurred for all treatments. Higher bond strength was observed for dentin treated with e-GSE as compared with DIMERG and DIMERNG; all biointerfaces remained stable after 12 mo. Nongalloylated PACs mediate stable dentin biomodification, which includes protective activity against collagen degradation and reinforcement of the anchoring dentin matrix. Collectively, PACs with a higher degree of oligomerization offer a robust bioadhesion between the hydrophilic dentin matrix and the hydrophobic adhesive.
Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: Updated recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology
Authors: Barnes Thomas RE , Drake Richard , Paton Carol , Cooper Stephen J , Deakin Bill , Ferrier I Nicol , Gregory Catherine J , Haddad Peter M , Howes Oliver D , Jones Ian , Joyce Eileen M , Lewis Shôn , Lingford-Hughes Anne , MacCabe James H , Owens David Cunningham , Patel Maxine X , Sinclair Julia MA , Stone James M , Talbot Peter S , Upthegrove Rachel , Wieck Angelika , Yung Alison R
Published: December 2019

These updated guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology replace the original version published in 2011. They address the scope and targets of pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia. A consensus meeting was held in 2017, involving experts in schizophrenia and its treatment. They were asked to review key areas and consider the strength of the evidence on the risk-benefit balance of pharmacological interventions and the clinical implications, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials where available, plus updates on current clinical practice. The guidelines cover the pharmacological management and treatment of schizophrenia across the various stages of the illness, including first-episode, relapse prevention, and illness that has proved refractory to standard treatment. It is hoped that the practice recommendations presented will support clinical decision making for practitioners, serve as a source of information for patients and carers, and inform quality improvement.
Dynamics of a three-parameter electromagnetic vibration energy harvester considering electromechanical coupling
Authors: Liu Haiping , Zhu Dongmei
Published: December 2019

The paper concerns the dynamic responses and vibration energy harvesting characteristics in an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester comprising three-parameter mechanical vibration subsystem. For completeness and comparison, a two-parameter vibration energy harvester is also presented. The analytical expressions of the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency responses of the inertial mass and the current in the electrical circuit are respectively derived by applying dimensionless method to the studied two- and three-parameter dynamic systems. Considering the effects of different types of ambient excitation, a single-frequency harmonic load and a periodic load are introduced into the analytical expressions on the dynamic performance of the vibration energy harvester. First of all, the influences of the designing parameters from the mechanical vibration subsystem and the electrical circuit subsystem on the vibration energy harvester are investigated. For evaluating the effects due to introducing the three-parameter mechanical vibration component, comparisons are made between two- and three-parameter vibration energy harvesters to convert the ambient excitations into electrical energy. And then, the expressions of the dimensionless average power which delivered into an electrical load under a single-frequency harmonic excitation or a periodic excitation are derived. The calculating results show that the energy conversion efficiency is enhanced significantly by changing the mechanical damping efficiency and the stiffness ratio for the three-parameter mechanical component of the energy harvester. At the same time, the average power of the three-parameter vibration energy harvester, which delivered into the electrical load, is also improved. However, the influences of the electrical circuit component on the ambient energy harvesting can be omitted when keeping the designing parameters of the mechanical part constant.
Dynamic Capability as the Epistemology of an Organization: A Social Venture Context
Authors: Roy Kaushik
Published: December 2019

In this article, I view the dynamic capabilities of a social venture by examining organizational spaces through the means of qualitative engagement. Through the explication of one such organizational space, the WCB Bank, dynamic capability is understood as inhering in the purpose, the constructed memory and selves of human actors in the organization, and the collective endeavours that make the organization through deliberative processes. Such a view of organizations, while transcending the nuance of resources, provides an idea of capability as emerging from the varied meanings that human actors make in organizations. An understanding of these meanings leads to comprehending dynamic capabilities as epistemological elements which lead to accessing the knowledge of the organization for the moment.
Radical right populist politics in Hungary: Reinventing the Magyars through sport
Authors: Molnar Gyozo , Whigham Stuart
Published: December 2019

Given the contemporary growth of ‘populist’ political parties and movements in a number of highly developed democratic states in Europe and North America, there has been a resurgence in academic interest around the various causes for the groundswell of support for political populism. Given this broader political context, this paper explores the interconnection between sport and populist politics in Hungary, with a particular emphasis on the appropriation of sport by ‘right-wing’ populist political actors. In particular, this paper will examine the politics–sport interconnection by discussing how the Prime Minister of Hungary, Victor Orbán, uses football, and sport more broadly, and the ways in which the Hungarian government have attempted to reinvent a strong nation and national identity through sport and related political populism. These attempts have been influenced by the interaction between forces of Westernisation and the country’s continuing post-communist transition, with the view to (re)inventing the Hungarian nation.
Victim, Police, and Prosecutorial Responses to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparative Approach
Authors: Lantz Brendan
Published: December 2019

Research on intimate partner violence (IPV) and the criminal justice response to such incidents is extensive, but the majority of this research has focused on IPV perpetrated by men against women in heterosexual partnerships. Yet, recent research has indicated that the prevalence of IPV among LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) individuals may be as high as or higher than that of the general population. At the same time, a significant body of research has examined police and prosecutorial responses to IPV; again, the overwhelming majority of this research has also focused on heterosexual partners. Following this, the current research uses National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data to create dyads of both opposite-sex (i.e., male–female and female–male) and same-sex partners (i.e., male–male and female–female) to investigate the joint relationship between sex, sexual orientation, and three different criminal justice outcomes: victim refusal to cooperate with police, police decision to arrest, and the prosecutorial decision to deny a case.
The Tradition of Christian Persecution
Authors: Williams D.H.
Published: December 2019

The church’s earliest identity was formed within the experience of persecution and suffering. As contemporary theology seeks to retrieve the ancient tradition, it must take into account these experiences which were regarded by the church as normative to its calling as God’s witness in the world.
The Providential Failure of Christianity: René Girard, Ivan Illich, and the Renewal of Apocalyptic Theology
Authors: Hughes Kevin L.
Published: December 2019

The article argues that René Girard and Ivan Illich, each in their distinctive ways, draw upon the dimensions of the Christian apocalyptic tradition that are often ignored, and that their retrievals of this tradition, specifically of its theology of Antichrist, open up once again the theology of history, an area of inquiry in Christian theology that we often dismiss or ignore, thus yielding the field and allowing the figure of Antichrist and the apocalyptic tradition to be taken up and deployed as weapons of mimetic destruction in just the ways our popular culture has come to fear. It is incumbent upon Christian theology to take up once again difficult questions in the theology of history, particularly in an apocalyptic key, and Ivan Illich and René Girard, neither of whom claimed to be a theologian, may be our “two witnesses,” our “Enoch and Elijah,” who help us to do just that.
Augustine’s Eschatological Vision: The Dynamism of Seeing and Seeking God in Heaven
Authors: Pierce Alexander H.
Published: December 2019

Many modern theologians interpret Augustine’s conception of the afterlife in contrast to that of Gregory of Nyssa as a static, passive, and individualistic vision of God that is utterly discontinuous with our present lives. I argue in this paper that upon closer analysis Augustine’s use of the commonly recognized concepts of peace, rest, joy, and vision is open to and even suggestive of a more dynamic afterlife and that attentiveness to his descriptions of heavenly praise and the society of angels or city of God and to his exegesis of Ps. 105:4 (“quaerite faciem eius semper”) reveals that Augustine understood heaven to be dynamic, active, and social, bearing a large degree of continuity with life in this world. Conducting this study of the ways Augustine imagines eternal life with God summons further study of his eschatology which moves beyond the reductive reading that has dominated the last century.
Candidate coethnicity, rural/urban divides, and partisanship in Africa
Authors: Harding Robin , Michelitch Kristin
Published: December 2019

Why do some citizens in new democracies attach to parties while others do not? We investigate the determinants of partisanship in Africa by theorizing the role of parties’ group mobilization tactics and testing our arguments alongside existing explanations from new democracies. First, using original data on candidate ethnicity, we evaluate a debate as to whether coethnicity with presidential and/or vice presidential candidates is associated with greater partisanship. Contrary to traditional wisdom, we find no continent-wide relationship—prominently studied cases (e.g. Kenya, Ghana) may be falsely overgeneralized. Second, we propose that partisanship is more likely among rural citizens. We find robust, continent-wide support for this relationship, which we show is partially driven by citizens’ links to traditional authorities, who often act as opinion leaders and/or brokers for parties. As in other new democracies, partisanship is positively associated with experience with multiparty democracy, the electoral cycle, age, male gender, and education.
Correcting for selective participation in cohort studies using auxiliary register data without identification of non-participants
Authors: Bonander Carl , Nilsson Anton , Bergström Göran M.L. , Björk Jonas , Strömberg Ulf
Published: December 2019

Aims: Selective participation may hamper the validity of population-based cohort studies. The resulting bias can be alleviated by linking auxiliary register data to both the participants and the non-participants of the study, estimating propensity scores for participation and correcting for participation based on these. However, registry holders may not be allowed to disclose sensitive data on (invited) non-participants. Our aim is to provide guidance on how adequate bias correction can be achieved by using auxiliary register data but without disclosing information that could be linked to the subset of non-participants. Methods: We show how existing methods can be used to estimate generalisation weights under various data disclosure scenarios where invited non-participants are indistinguishable from uninvited ones. We also demonstrate how the methods can be implemented using Nordic register data. Results: Inverse-probability-of-sampling weights estimated within a random sample of the target population in which the non-respondents are disclosed are equivalent in expectation to analogous weights in a scenario where the non-participants and uninvited individuals from the population are indistinguishable. To minimise the risk of disclosure when the entire population is invited to participate, investigators should instead consider inverse-odds-of-sampling weights, a method that has previously been suggested for transporting study results to external populations. Conclusions: Generalisation weights can be estimated from auxiliary register data without disclosing information on invited non-participants.
The Priority List: An Evidence-Based Approach to Selecting Patients for Chaplain Visits
Authors: Morrison Christopher M. , Alvarez Aaron
Published: December 2019

This paper examines three methods chaplains have historically used to identify patients they should see: rounding, referral, and protocol-based systems. Mercy Health is in the initial stages of adopting an expanded protocol-based system known as “the priority list.” Central to the idea is the proposal and testing of clinical indicators that patients would benefit from chaplain support. Practical steps are offered for other pastoral departments in the development, implementation, and interpretation of their own lists.
Providing Incentives to Youth Participants in Research: A Literature Review
Authors: Afkinich Jenny L. , Blachman-Demner Dara R.
Published: December 2019

The provision of financial incentives to youth involved in research remains an understudied and contentious issue. Although the practice is common and often accepted, a comprehensive understanding of the current status of the literature regarding the potential benefits and limitations is lacking. The primary question this article seeks to answer is as follows: “What are the concerns and best practices identified in the literature for the appropriate and ethical provision of incentives to children and adolescents?” Following a thorough review and screening process, 25 articles were selected and central themes were identified within them. Themes include the following: the wage-payment model, effectiveness for recruitment, effectiveness for retention, financial versus alternative incentives, coerciveness, influence on validity of results, and other ethical dilemmas. Gaps in the literature are discussed. Overall, the literature suggests financial incentives can be provided appropriately to children as long as necessary precautions are taken.
Endocan and Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Balta Sevket , Mikhailidis Dimitri P.
Published: December 2019

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) occurs early in the development of atherosclerosis. Predictors of vascular risk including obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension are associated with both vascular endothelial and ED. Endocan is a novel marker of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Raised endocan levels (usually measured by ELISA assays) were reported in some cardiovascular diseases and related conditions. Increased endocan levels may represent the endothelial and inflammatory components of the pathogenesis of ED and may, therefore, prove useful in clinical practice.
Literacies for a New Canon
Authors: Frank Cathrine O.
Published: December 2019

This commentary approaches the question of whether there is or should be a law and humanities canon through John Guillory’s analysis of canon formation as an adjunct to specific forms of literacy and their perceived social value within “school culture.” Returning to the law and literature movement, with a focus on literature, this essay contends that in order to determine what should be in a canon, law and humanities must first revisit its aims and objectives, link what it reads to pedagogical goals, and draw clearer connections between teaching and scholarship. As the field’s texts modernize and diversify, so too should the literacies students need to engage with them.
Diterpenoids From the Argentine and Malaysian Liverworts Anastrophyllum and Jungermannia Species
Authors: Nagashima Fumihiro , Asakawa Yoshinori
Published: December 2019

We are engaged in the ongoing investigation into the chemical constituents of liverworts in our search for novel compounds and biologically active substances. In the present study, two new rosane diterpenoids were isolated from the Argentine liverwort Anastrophyllum species, together with known aromadendrane sesqui- and rosane diterpenoids. Two new ent-kaurene and 4 ent-kaurene diterpenoids were isolated from the Malaysian liverwort Jungermannia species. Their structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and chemical transformation.
“Do not harm the trees!” Ecology, Empire, and Translation in the Book of Revelation
Authors: Perry Peter S.
Published: December 2019

The book of Revelation shows an unexpected interest in trees, and not only for their symbolic or anthropocentric value. Relevance theory helps compare various interpretive options an audience might consider. An audience’s understanding of the warning to “not harm the trees” will be affected by their awareness of the effects of storms, locust plagues, imperial deforestation, siege tactics, and prophetic use of these topics to expose the effects of human sin against creation. Paratextual aids in the translation of these passages will help modern audiences become more aware of these cognitive effects. Using different words to translate the Greek terms δένδρον (used to refer to earthly trees that other creatures are dependent on) and ξύλον (used for the symbolic “Tree” of Life) further emphasizes the earthly and ecological concern of the Seer’s visions.
An Ecocentric Reading of אמת‎, חסד‎, and דעת אלהים‎ in Hosea 4.1-6
Authors: Berekiah Olugbemiro O.
Published: December 2019

Many critics have blamed the current ecological crisis on an interpretation of the biblical text that legitimates human abuse of the earth’s resources, through a misconstruction of the human relationship with the rest of the created order. The Hebrew text of Hosea 4.1-6 documents a tacit knowledge of the consequence of human action on the ecosystem, evidence that has been eclipsed in various English translations due to the contextual gap between the text and the English recipient. This paper attempts a reconstruction of the Hebrew text, and undertakes a fresh translation that exposes the cosmological underpinnings of the text. The passage is then interpreted from an ecocentric perspective in a synchronic reading with other passages. This reveals an awareness of an intricate relationship among humanity, the earth, and non-human inhabitants of the earth, a relationship that Hosea describes with the terms אמת‎, חסד‎, and דעת אלהים‎.
Being “Rich towards God” in the Capitalocene: An Ecological/Economic Reading of Luke 12.13-34
Authors: Shepherd Andrew
Published: December 2019

In an age termed by some as the “Capitalocene,” Christianity and the biblical text are sources for developing alternative economic imaginations that respond to the contemporary ecological crisis. Noting the economic inequality and ecological destruction common to both first-century Palestine and twenty-first-century global capitalistic societies, this article draws upon world-ecology theory and offers an ecological-economic reading of the parable of the “rich fool” (Luke 12.13-34). I argue that the assumptions of neo-liberal economic ideology often determine our interpretation of this text. In contrast to the rich fool who lives beyond ecological limits and disconnects himself from his community, Jesus offers ravens and grasses as teachers of ecological wisdom: redefining “wealth” and what is required to be “rich towards God.” The article concludes by discussing how translation choices may assist readers to see the economic-ecological dimensions of this text.
Palaces of Ivory or Teeth (Ps 45.9): Carol Adams’s Absent Referent and Ecological Translation of the Psalms
Authors: Walker-Jones Arthur
Published: December 2019

In The Sexual Politics of Meat, Carol Adams develops a feminist-vegetarian theory of the absent referent. She argues that cultural imagery and semantics function to make moral consideration of the animal absent from the act of eating meat. For instance, the use of the word “meat” for nonhuman animals and “flesh” for humans helps humans deny that meat is the flesh of another sentient being that can suffer like humans and wants to live. When translators of the Hebrew Bible use “ivory” for Hebrew shen in Ps 45.8(9) rather than “teeth,” this makes the elephants who provided their tusks the absent referent and makes human identification with the suffering of those elephants less likely. This paper argues that translators need to understand absent referents in English in order to translate the book of Psalms adequately and ecologically.
Care coordination in two of Bogota’s public healthcare networks: A cross-sectional study among doctors
Authors: Gallego-Ardila Andrés Daniel , Pinzón-Rondón Ángela María , Mogollón-Pérez Amparo Susana , Cardozo Carol Ximena , Vargas Ingrid , Vázquez María-Luisa
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Care coordination is a priority concern for healthcare systems. In Colombia, there is a lack of information on the topic. This study analysed how doctors of two Bogotá’s public healthcare networks perceived coordination between healthcare levels and what factors are associated with their perception.

Methods

A cross-sectional study using the COORDENA-CO questionnaire to a sample of 363 doctors (network-1 = 181; network-2 = 182) in 2015. The questionnaire asks about types and dimensions of care coordination: information and clinical management, with items in a Likert scale, as well as conditions regarding health system, organisational and doctors’ conditions. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results

The doctors’ perception of a high level of coordination did not exceed 25.4%. On coordination of information, limited transfer of clinical information was found. Concerning clinical management, there were limited care coherence, deficits in patient follow-up and lengthy waiting times for specialised care. A high perception of coordination were associated with being female, being over 50 years old, being a specialist, having less than one year’s working experience, working less than 20 h per week at the centre, forming part of network-1, having time available for performing coordination tasks, having job satisfaction and not identifying limitations imposed by healthcare insurers.

Discussion

There was limited perception of coordination, in its different dimensions and types with some differences between networks. The results support the importance of guaranteeing job satisfaction, ensuring sufficient time to coordination-related activities and intervening in the restrictions imposed by healthcare insurers to improve care coordination.
Evaluating the relationship between psychometric intelligence and cognitive functions in paediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kapanci Tugba , Rostásy Kevin , Häusler Martin Georg , Geis Tobias , Schimmel Mareike , Elpers Christiane , Kreth Jonas H. , Thiels Charlotte , Troche Stefan J
Published: December 2019

Background

Processing speed is frequently reduced in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). Reduced processing speed can also lead to impaired working memory capacity (WMC) in adult MS patients. Less is known about the interplay of cognitive deficits in paediatric MS patients.

Objectives

In the present study, we investigated whether processing speed and WMC are reduced in paediatric MS patients compared with healthy controls and whether reduced processing speed and WMC might explain potential differences in psychometric intelligence between MS patients and healthy controls.

Methods

Twenty-one paediatric MS patients and 21 healthy controls completed a reaction time (RT) task, a working memory task, and Cattell’s Culture Fair Test (CFT20-R).

Results

Patients with MS had slower RT and lower intelligence scores than healthy controls. We could find no significant differences for WMC. An analysis of covariance revealed that group differences in intelligence could be partially explained by processing speed differences.

Conclusion

The results indicate that processing speed is a good marker for MS-related impaired efficiency and increased error-proneness of the central nervous system in higher-order cognition as required by Cattell’s CFT20-R.
Muslim brotherhood and the Jordanian state: Containment or fragmentation bets (1999–2018)?
Authors: Salameh Mohammed Torki Bani
Published: December 2019

The Jordanian state was established on both secular and religious conservative principles. The approval of the establishment of the Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan was on 19 November 1945, and it was consistent with these principles. Until 1989, the relationship between the Muslim Brotherhood and the regime varied between mutual symbiotic relations, based on mutual support between the parties, and hostile and meta-interactions. In 1989, the process towards democratization came as a testing phase for the ability of the Jordanian political system to coexist with the manifestations of political pluralism, especially with the Muslim Brotherhood, their containment and diminishing influence. The Jordanian political system preferred to limit the strength of the Muslim Brotherhood and to retreat from democratic transformation, while keeping the channels of communication effective between the system and the Muslim Brotherhood. When King Abdullah II came to power in 1999, the relationship between the Muslim Brotherhood and the Jordanian political system went through three main stages. During the stage of the transition from political to security side (1999–2003), the political file of the Muslim Brotherhood was delivered to the General Intelligence Department, which tried to limit the strength of the group and restrict their activities. In the second phase (2004–2008), a cold confrontation between the two parties took place, and the parliamentary and municipal elections were rigged to prevent their access to parliament, which ended in mistrust between the parties. In the third phase (2009–2018), the Muslim Brotherhood used the boycott policy to deal with the royal initiatives and election entitlements. The regime used the policy of fragmentation from inside the group, encouraging divisions within the group instead of directly confronting or banning it.
Sexual Trajectories During Adolescence and Adjustment in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Rossi Erika , Poulin François , Boislard Marie-Aude
Published: December 2019

This study examined how adolescents’ sexual trajectories are associated with achievement of emerging adulthood developmental tasks (educational attainment, full-time employment, romantic involvement) and psychosocial outcomes (problems with alcohol, depression, self-esteem). Trajectories (identified in a previous report by Rossi, Poulin, & Boislard) based on annual number of sexual partners from ages 16 to 22 (i.e., abstainers, low-increasing, medium-increasing, multiple partners’ trajectories) were compared on outcomes measured at age 22. Results showed that youths in the two less sexually active trajectories achieved higher levels of education than those in the two other trajectories, and females (but not males) in the multiple partners’ group reported more problems with alcohol than all other participants. The absence of significant differences in depression and self-esteem suggests that the impact of adolescent sexual trajectories on psychological outcomes might take longer to emerge.
A steep coronal graft bending angle is associated with bone tunnel enlargement of the posterolateral bundle after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Yanagisawa Shinya , Kimura Masashi , Hagiwara Keiichi , Ogoshi Atsuko , Yoneyama Tomotaka , Omae Hiroaki , Miyamoto Ryosuke , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: December 2019

Purpose:

The correlation between the graft bending angle (GBA) of the anteromedial bundle and posterolateral bundle after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and postoperative tunnel enlargement was evaluated.

Methods:

Two hundred fifty-eight patients (137 males, 121 females; mean age 27.3 years) who had undergone double-bundle ACLR were included. Computed tomographic scans of the operated knee were obtained at 2 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. The area of the tunnel aperture for femoral anteromedial tunnel (FAMT) and femoral posterolateral tunnel (FPLT) was measured; the area at 2 weeks after ACLR was subtracted from the area at 6 months after ACLR and then divided by the area at 2 weeks after ACLR. The femoral tunnel angles were obtained with Cobb angle measurements. The femoral tunnel angle in the coronal plane was measured relative to the tibial plateau (coronal GBA). On the median value, the patients were divided into two groups in each of FAMT and FPLT; those with a coronal GBA of FAMT of ≥27° were classified as group A, while those with a coronal GBA of <27° were classified as group B, those with a coronal GBA of FPLT of ≥23° were classified as group C, while those with a coronal GBA of<23° were classified as group D.

Results:

Group A included 129 knees, while group B included 129 knees. Groups A and B did not significantly differ regarding FAMT enlargement. Group C included 133 knees, while group D included 125 knees. The percentage of FPLT enlargement in group C was significantly smaller than that in group D ( p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

A steep coronal GBA of the FPLT after ACLR results in greater FPLT enlargement. The present findings suggest that surgeons should avoid creating a steep GBA of the FPLT in the outside-in technique.