bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplemental Material: Metamorphism and geochronology of high-pressure mafic granulites (retrograded eclogites?) in East Cathaysia terrane of South China: Implications for Mesozoic tectonic evolution
Authors: Xia Yanfei , Yin Changqing , al. et
Published: June 2021

Supplemental tables contain the whole-rock and mineral compositions, PT estimates, zircon SIMS Th-U-Pb isotopic data and trace element data.
Fifteen-minute consultation: Cardiac murmurs in the Newborn Infant Physical Examination (NIPE)
Authors: Oswal Abhishek , Holman Jennifer
Published: June 2021

The finding of a cardiac murmur on the initial newborn examination is common but may be a source of anxiety for practitioners due to worries about missing critical congenital heart defects (CHDs). This article aims to provide an approach to this common finding, in particular, reviewing the evidence base behind features of the history, examination and subsequent non-specialist investigations which may increase the likelihood of CHDs. The aim of this structured approach is to give clinicians confidence in dealing with this common clinical finding, to be able to pick out those infants most at risk of having critical CHDs.
A rare case of atypical bone marrow sarcoidosis without pulmonary involvement in a Japanese woman
Authors: Iwata Maki , Kodama Tatsuya , Takeo Hiroaki , Mataki Norikazu
Published: June 2021

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin characterised by the presence of non-caseating granulomatous lesions. Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis with bone marrow involvement is rare and even more so without pulmonary involvement. Here, we describe a case of 69-year-old woman diagnosed as having bone marrow and hepatic sarcoidosis without pulmonary involvement based on18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography findings. She was successfully treated with systemic glucocorticoid therapy.
Fahr’s disease with an initial presentation of crescendo TIA
Authors: Smith Paul , Ng Kalun , Krishnan Kailash
Published: June 2021

A 51-year-old man presented with vertigo, slurred speech and left facial droop. He had been previously diagnosed with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and had a prior lacunar infarct. Imaging showed heavy symmetrical calcification in the globus pallidus, frontal white matter and cerebellar dentate nuclei/deep white matter. The imaging was pathognomonic for Fahr’s disease and diagnosis was confirmed when other secondary causes of hypercalcemia were excluded. Fahr’s disease is a rare, autosomal dominant, neurological condition characterised by primary brain calcification. Patients present with progressive neurological and psychiatric symptoms; commonly, Parkinsonian movement disorders, seizures, headaches, dysarthria, cognitive decline, psychosis and personality changes. There is an association with intracerebral ischaemic events. This case supports a growing body of anecdotal evidence of this association and is the first in which crescendo TIA may be the initial presentation of Fahr’s disease. Referral for genetic counselling and symptomatic relief for neurological symptoms are the main management strategies.
Clinicopathological features and outcomes of coexistent light chain cast nephropathy and light chain deposition disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Lin Zi-Shan , Zhang Xu , Li Dan-Yang , Yu Xiao-Juan , Qin Ai-Bo , Dong Yujun , Zhou Fu-De , Wang Suxia , Zhao Ming-Hui
Published: June 2021

Aims

A varying proportion of patients with multiple myeloma suffer from more than one type of kidney disease simultaneously, of which the most common pattern is coexistent light chain cast nephropathy and light chain deposition disease (LCCN+LCDD). We investigated clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of LCCN+LCDD in comparison with pure LCCN and pure LCDD.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 45 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients with pure LCCN (n=26), LCCN +LCDD (n=9) and pure LCDD (n=10) between 2000 and 2019 at Peking University First Hospital.

Results

Pathologically, patients with LCCN+LCDD were more likely to have λ light chain isotype and presented atypical features of LCDD including less nodular glomerulosclerosis and less deposit distribution than patients with pure LCDD. In clinical characteristics, patients with LCCN +LCDD and patients with pure LCCN shared similar features. The death-censored renal survival in patients with LCCN +LCDD was similar to patients with pure LCCN but worse than patients with pure LCDD, but the overall survival was much better than patients with LCCN alone and similar to patients with pure LCDD. For patients with pure LCCN, the independent predictor of death-censored renal survival was lactate dehydrogenase, and the independent predictors of overall survival were the mean number of casts and serum albumin.

Conclusions

Patients with LCCN+LCDD had similar renal outcome compared with patients with pure LCCN but the overall survival is much better. Thus, for patients with LCCN, especially those with λ restriction, pathologists should carefully evaluate the kidney specimens to exclude the possibility of combined LCDD.
Associations of longitudinal plasma p-tau181 and NfL with tau-PET, Aβ-PET and cognition
Authors: Rauchmann Boris Stephan , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Perneczky Robert
Published: June 2021

Objective

To explore if changes over time of plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181 and neurofilament light chain (NfL) predict future tau and amyloid β (Aβ) PET load and cognitive performance, we studied a subsample of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) neuroimaging cohort with longitudinal blood peptide assessments.

Methods

Eight hundred and sixty-five AD Neuroimaging Initiative participants were included. Using established AD cut-points for the cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Aβ42, total-tau and p-tau181, subjects were classified according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association research framework, grouping markers into those of Aβ deposition (A), tau pathology (T) and neurodegeneration (N). Analysis of variance was used to compare the plasma biomarker data between the ATN groups. The rate of change over time of p-tau181 and NfL was obtained from linear mixed effects models and compared between the ATN groups. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association of baseline plasma biomarker concentrations and rates of change with future PET tau and Aβ load and cognitive performance.

Results

P-tau181 and NfL plasma concentrations increased along the AD spectrum, but only NfL showed greater rates of change in AD patients versus controls. Cognitive performance was associated cross-sectionally with NfL in all subgroups, and with p-tau181 only in AD spectrum individuals. The baseline concentrations of both plasma markers predicted PET Aβ and tau load and cognitive performance. The rate of change of NfL predicted future PET tau and cognitive performance.

Conclusions

P-tau and NfL behave differently within the same individuals over time and may therefore offer complementary diagnostic information.

Trial registration number

NCT02854033, NCT01231971.
Effect of gallic acid on the reproduction of adolescent male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: Dai Xin , Sun Xiao-Feng , Wang Ai-Qin , Wei Wan-Hong , Yang Sheng-Mei
Published: June 2021

Gallic acid (GA), a phenol that is present in various plants, potentially contains antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GA on the reproduction of adolescent male Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861)). Antioxidant levels and apoptosis in the testis, as well as reproductive physiology, were evaluated in adolescent males treated with GA. The results showed that a low dose of GA enhanced relative epididymis mass and the sperm density in the epididymis, increased the mRNA levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in the testis, and reduced the percentages of abnormal and dead sperm. In addition, a low dose of GA significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased the level of malondialdehyde in the testis, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of the apoptosis-related gene, caspase-3. However, a high dose of GA sharply reduced the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules compared with a low dose. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GA treatment during puberty affects the reproductive responses of male Brandt’s voles in a dose-dependent manner by regulating antioxidant levels and apoptosis.
Band structure for relativistic charge carriers submitted to a helical magnetic field
Authors: Martínez D. , Reyes J. A. , Reyes G. , Avendaño C. G.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we consider a clockwise rotating magnetic field around the [Formula: see text]-axis and charge carriers which impinge normally to the [Formula: see text] plane. We obtained analytically the spectrum of the momentum operator [Formula: see text] and found the existence of a band structure from which the movement of these charge carries is filtered according to the spatial period of the magnetic field or its intensity. Also we exhibit the existence of three band gaps (one total or primary and two partials) whose width depends on the system parameters.
Geometrically Invariant NSCT–GPCET-Based Image Watermarking with Accurate Moment Calculation
Authors: Wang Wenbing , Liu Shengli , Feng Liu
Published: June 2021

Generic polar complex exponential transform (GPCET), as continuous orthogonal moment, has the advantages of computational simplicity, numerical stability, and resistance to geometric transforms, which make it suitable for watermarking. However, errors in kernel function discretization can degrade these advantages. To maximize the GPCET utilization in robust watermarking, this paper proposes a secondary grid-division (SGD)-based moment calculation method that divides each grid corresponding to one pixel into nonoverlapping subgrids and increases the number of sampling points. Using the accurate moment calculation method, a nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT)–GPCET-based watermarking scheme with resistance to image processing and geometrical attacks is proposed. In this scheme, the accurate moment calculation can reduce the numerical error and geometrical error of the traditional methods, which is verified by an image reconstruction comparison. Additionally, NSCT and accurate GPCET are utilized to achieve watermark stability. Subsequent experiments test the proposed watermarking scheme for its invisibility and robustness, and verify that the robustness of the proposed scheme outperforms that of other schemes when its level of invisibility is significantly higher.
A Cloud Computing-Based Approach for Efficient Processing of Massive Machine Tool Diagnosis Data
Authors: Li Heng , Zhang Xiaoyang , Tao Shuyin
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a cloud computing-based approach to efficiently process the massive data produced in intelligent machine tool diagnosis flow. By collecting and extracting the vibration, power and other useful system signals during the machining operation of machine tools, the cutting process samples and cutting gap samples of machine tools can be accurately segmented, in order to construct a set of signal samples that can effectively and completely characterize the level of tool wear. We propose a visual detection method that relies on local threshold segmentation to predict tool wear status. The machine tool image is divided into several small blocks, and each image block is segmented to obtain the segmentation threshold, which is defined as the local threshold of each block. Then, the detection method scans the whole image based on the maximum local threshold among all blocks. Considering the complicated flow of visual detection and the high volume of machine tool diagnosis data, we further propose a big data processing approach which is implemented on a cloud computing architecture. By modeling the workflow of the proposed visual detection method as a directed acyclic graph, we develop a scheduling model that aims at minimizing the execution time of massive tool diagnosis data processing with available cloud computing resources. A effective metaheuristic based on search strategy of artificial bee colony is developed to solve the formulation scheduling problem. Experimental results on a cloud-based system demonstrate that, the visual detection method enhances the accuracy of tool wear detection, and the cloud-based approach significantly reduces the execution time of tool diagnosis flow by means of distributed computing.
On a conjecture in Artin groups
Authors: Juhász Arye
Published: June 2021

It is conjectured that an irreducible Artin group which is of infinite type has trivial center. The conjecture is known to be true for two-dimensional Artin groups and for a few other types of Artin groups. In this work, we show that the conjecture holds true for Artin groups which satisfy a condition stronger than being of infinite type. We use small cancellation theory of relative presentations.
COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV) WHILE SITTING, HAND BIKING, WALKING, AND RUNNING
Authors: NAMAZI HAMIDREZA
Published: June 2021

Analysis of the variations of heart activity during different human activities is an important area of research in sport sciences. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluated the variations of heart activity for 23 subjects while sitting, hand biking, walking, and running. Since the obtained R-R time series (as the indicator of heart rate variability (HRV)) has a complex structure that contains information, we employed fractal dimension, sample entropy, and Shannon entropy for our analysis. According to the results, doing a harder activity causes a more significant alteration in the complexity and information content of HRV. The results of statistical analyses also verified the obtained results. Similar investigations can be conducted in case of other activities to evaluate the variations in heart activity in different conditions.
Fuzzy Reliability Appraisal Using Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Hesitant Fuzzy Element and Score Function
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Singh S. B.
Published: June 2021

Here, we appraise the reliability for numerous complex structures (series structure, parallel structure and bridge structure) using accuracy and score function under fuzzy environment. The main focus of this effort is to address an advanced technique for fuzzy reliability evaluation of various complex systems having different arrangements by treating reliability of the unit/component as an interval valued intuitionistic hesitant fuzzy element. This technique helps to handle uncertainty and hesitancy in multi-attribute group decision-making related issues, specially when information occurs in interval form in fuzzy set. A numerical illustration is also included to demonstrate the proposed technique.
Critical Success Factors in Adoption of Wearable Technology Devices for Seniors in Thailand
Authors: Srizongkhram Shayarath , Chiadamrong Navee , Shirahada Kunio
Published: June 2021

The adoption of wearable devices has been proposed as a promising approach to improve the well-being of senior in Thai care services. This study aims to find the critical success factors (CSFs) in adopting wearable technology from the stakeholder perspective. We collected data from total 27 participants from three groups of stakeholders: formal caregivers, informal caregivers, and seniors. Using the grounded theory approach, we found four types of CSFs and its variety in according to devices and stakeholders’ viewpoints. Based on the findings, this paper also discusses how to develop wearable devices to satisfy stakeholder requirements and improve their wellbeing.
Modeling the effectiveness of TV and social media advertisements on the dynamics of water-borne diseases
Authors: Lata Kusum , Misra A. K. , Takeuchi Y.
Published: June 2021

Cholera is a serious threat to the health of human-kind all over the world and its control is a problem of great concern. In this context, a nonlinear mathematical model to control the prevalence of cholera disease is proposed and analyzed by incorporating TV and social media advertisements as a dynamic variable. It is considered that TV and social media ads propagate the knowledge among the people regarding the severe effects of cholera disease on human health along with its precautionary measures. It is also assumed that the mode of transmission of cholera disease among susceptible individuals is due to consumption of contaminated drinking water containing it Vibrio cholerae. Moreover, the propagation of knowledge through TV and social media ads makes the people aware to adopt precautionary measures and also the aware people make some effectual efforts to washout the bacteria from the aquatic environment. Model analysis reveals that increase in the washout rate of bacteria due to aware individuals causes the stability switch. It is found that TV and social media ads have the potential to reduce the number of infectives in the region and thus control the cholera epidemic. Numerical simulation is performed for a particular set of parameter values to support the analytical findings.
Kappa-Carrageenan Crosslinked Magnetic Folic Acid-Conjugated Chitosan Nanocomposites for Arginase Encapsulation, Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Moradi Rahman , Mohammadzadeh Reza , Akbari Ali
Published: June 2021

In this study, the Aspergillus niger L-arginase was expressed in Pichia pastorise and immobilized on Kappa-carrageenan crosslinked magnetic folic acid-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles (magnetic-FA/CTS NPs). L-arginase gene was isolated and cloned in pGAPZ[Formula: see text]A plasmid and transformed in P. pastoris. The purified L-arginase was loaded on magnetic-FA/CTS NPs nanocomposites and the structure of the synthesized nano-carriers was investigated using SEM, FT-IR and DLS techniques. Prepared formulations showed high encapsulation efficiency (91.93%). In vitro release and cytotoxic studies were performed at different pH (pH of 4–8) and against Molt-4 cancer cell line, respectively.
Nanosized Gadoliniumorthoferrite-based Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Dopamine
Authors: Pramanik Susmita , Kumar Yogendra , Karmakar Parimal , Das Dipak Kumar
Published: June 2021

This work deals with the synthesis, characterization of gadolinium ferrite nanoparticles, and its use as an electrochemical sensor for detection of dopamine. For the synthesis of gadolinium ferrite nanoparticles (GdFeO3 NPs), the combustion technique was employed using gadolinium oxide and ferric nitrate as precursor materials with sugar and ethanolamine as fuel. The size, shape and morphology of nanomaterials were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite size of synthesized nanoparticles was found to be in the range of 40–45[Formula: see text]nm with a cubic crystal system. The electrochemical sensor, GdFeO3 NPs@graphite paste (GdFeO3/GP), was prepared by using synthesized nanomaterials and graphite powder by mixing in mortar in 1:4 ratio. cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were employed to assess the electrochemical properties of the developed sensor. The result indicated that the developed sensor possessed better sensing ability, where minimum detection limit of dopamine at GdFeO3/GP electrode was 700[Formula: see text]nM with linearity range from 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M to 160[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M.
ANNUAL AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND RAINFALL IN BANGLADESH, 1989–2018
Authors: DAS LIPON CHANDRA , ZHANG ZHIHUA
Published: June 2021

Based on temperature and rainfall recorded at 34 meteorological stations in Bangladesh during 1989–2018, the trends of yearly average maximum and minimum temperatures have been found to be increasing at the rates of 0.025∘C and 0.018∘C per year. Analysis of seasonal average maximum temperature showed increasing trend for all seasons except the late autumn season. The increasing trend was particularly significant for summer, rainy and autumn seasons. Seasonal average minimum temperature data also showed increasing trends for all seasons. The trend of yearly average rainfall has been found to be decreasing at a rate of 0.014[Formula: see text]mm per year in the same period; especially, for most of the meteorological stations the rainfall demonstrates an increasing trend for rainy season and a decreasing trend in the winter season. It means that in Bangladesh dry periods became drier and wet periods became wetter.
Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by snowmelt in a typical loess area in the Yining County, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Cui Yulong , Hu Junhong , Zheng Jun , Fu Gui , Xu Chong
Published: June 2021

Due to the unique climate and frequent human activities, the loess area in Yining County, Xinjiang, China experiences many landslides. In this study, the formation mechanisms and controlling factors of the landslides in a typical loess area in Yining were investigated, including two catastrophic landslides in 2017. Based on 0.6 m-resolution satellite images, the landslides in this area were identified using artificial visual interpretation methods. Nine influencing factors (elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, topographical position index, distance to a road, distance to a river, distance to a fault, rainfall and normalized difference vegetation index) were selected to assess the landslide susceptibility using a logistic regression (LR) model. Finally, the potential of the LR model for assessing landslide susceptibility was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The landslide susceptibility assessment results obtained from the LR model are consistent with the actual landslide distribution. The LR model provides a powerful method for assessing the landslide susceptibility in this area. The research methods and results can provide references for the prevention and mitigation of landslide disasters across the entire Yili Prefecture of China.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Role of water in destabilizing slopes collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/Role-of-water-in-destabilizing-slopes
Management of a Complex Dentoalveolar Traumatic Injury with Multiple Avulsions
Authors: Thakur Anita , Thakur Seema
Published: June 2021

Background. Dentoalveolar trauma is a major cause of tooth loss in children. Avulsion, luxation, crown, and root fracture are the injuries to primary and permanent dentition. The incidence of trauma for maxillary anterior teeth ranges for 4%-91%. Many case reports have been published regarding the treatment of trauma to anterior teeth; however, case reports comprising multiple avulsions including canines and premolars are rare in literature. Method. After mouth rinsing was done with 2% betadine solution, the luxated teeth numbers 31 and 42 were repositioned into the tooth socket and were secured with the composite resin-wire splint. Tooth number 32 was extracted because it was disarticulated from the socket, and the socket was disrupted because of the alveolar fracture. The maxillary avulsed teeth could not be reimplanted because of the alveolar socket damage which was due to the alveolar bone fracture. Results. The patient was reevaluated for the removable prosthesis in recall visits; the patient was well adapted to the appliance with no complaints regarding mastication and speech. The patient was advised to report periodically for further adjustments in the prosthesis and for radiographic evaluation. Conclusions. This case report includes proper history taking, diagnosis, and treatment of a complex dentoalveolar trauma along with short-term prosthetic rehabilitation for improvement of aesthetics, phonetics, and mastication of growing child.
A Data Mining-Based Analysis of Core Herbs on Different Patterns (Zheng) of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Qi Xiangjun , Guo Zehuai , Chen Qianying , Lan Wanning , Chen Zhuangzhong , Chen Wenmin , Lin Lizhu
Published: June 2021

Objective. To explore the role of Chinese prescriptions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and provide references for the application of herbs and prescriptions. Methods. Randomized and quasirandomized controlled clinical trials on Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of NSCLC were collected from seven databases to establish a database of prescriptions on NSCLC. Data-mining analyses were performed by RStudio (v4.0.3) software. Results. A total of 970 prescriptions were obtained from 945 included studies, involving 7 syndromes and 428 herbs. The main patterns of NSCLC included qi deficiency pattern, yin deficiency pattern, blood deficiency pattern, kidney deficiency pattern, heat toxin pattern, phlegm-dampness pattern, and blood stasis pattern. High-frequency herbs on NSCLC were Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome (Baizhu), Glycyrrhizae Radix Rhizome (Gancao), Poria (Fuling), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Hedyotidis Diffusae Herba (Baihuasheshecao), Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen), and Glehniae Radix (Beishashen). The properties of the herbs were mainly cold, warm, and mild. The flavors of the herbs were mainly sweet, bitter, and pungent. The main meridian tropisms were Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin, Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin, and Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming. Conclusion. Applying clearing and tonifying method by targeting the lung and spleen was the most frequently used therapy in the treatment of NSCLC. This study offered a glimpse of unique views of traditional Chinese medicine on NSCLC and may benefit the treatment of NSCLC.
Modulatory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01 on Mechanical Sensitivity in a Female Diet-Induced Obesity Model
Authors: Alipour Hiva , Gazerani Parisa , Heidari Mahmoud , Dardmeh Fereshteh
Published: June 2021

Obese animals and humans demonstrate higher sensitivity to pain stimuli. Among the endogenous factors prompting obesity, the intestinal microbiota has been proposed to influence responsiveness to pain. The beneficial effects of probiotics on obesity are well documented, whereas data on their analgesic efficacy is minimal. The protective effect of probiotics on nociception in diet-induced obese male mice has been previously demonstrated, but the sex differences in pain sensitivity and analgesic response do not allow for the generalization of these findings to the female gender. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the potential effects of oral probiotic supplementation on mechanical pain thresholds in female diet-induced obese mice compared with controls. Thirty-two adult female mice (

N
=
32

) were randomly divided into two groups receiving standard (normal-weight group; NW) or high-fat diet (diet-induced obesity; DIO). All rats received a single daily dose (1 × 109 CFU) of probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus PB01, DSM14870) for four weeks by gavage. Mechanical pain thresholds were recorded by an electronic von Frey device at baseline, at the end of weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 in both DIO and NW groups with and without consumption of probiotics. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of lipid profile and reproductive hormone levels. Bodyweight was considerably lower (

P
<
0.001

) in groups supplied with probiotics than groups without probiotics. Pressure pain threshold values showed a significant (

P
<
0.001

) increase (reduced pain sensitivity) following probiotic supplementation, proposing a modulatory effect of probiotics on mechanical sensory circuits and mechanical sensitivity, which might be a direct consequence of weight loss or an indirect result of the probiotics’ anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding the precise underlying mechanism for the effect of probiotics on weight loss and mechanical pain sensitivity seen in this study warrants further investigation.
Dynamic Simulation of Low‐Carbon Competitiveness from the Perspective of Circular Economy
Authors: Li Xing , Luo Fuzhou
Published: June 2021

In accordance with the requirements of the circular economy in Guangxi (of PRC) and the characteristics of the drivers of low‐carbon competitiveness in the regional construction industry, a causal flowchart of influencing factors of the low‐carbon competitiveness in the Guangxi construction industry is constructed, and a model based on system dynamics is established. After the entropy weight method is used to determine the variable weight, VENSIM PLE software is used to simulate the development trend of the low‐carbon competitiveness of the Guangxi construction industry. The simulation results of the promotion effect of various factors on the development of the low‐carbon competitiveness of the regional construction industry from 2010 to 2020 are obtained, and countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from the perspective of a circular economy.
Evaluating the Quality of Internet-Based Education in Colleges Using the Regression Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xuan
Published: June 2021

An efficient and effective mechanism is required for quality education in schools, colleges, and universities. After the pandemic worldwide, every organization worked online from home instead of on the site. The educational institutes started online classes using various platforms. The quality of education using online classes is affected by numerous factors, including hardware, software, and the internet. Therefore, in this paper, the quality evaluation of internet education using a regression algorithm is proposed. The proposed system optimizes the hardware design and functions of the client end of the internet education of colleges and universities. It determines the time response data sequence of the grey prediction model and ensures that the proposed scheme’s prediction accuracy is high. By adopting the logistic regression, the rules for the overall evaluation of the education quality are formulated. The database of the rules for the overall evaluation of the education quality of the internet of colleges and universities is generated. Experimental results show that the response time of the education quality evaluation system is about 1.3 sec. The probability of failure is very low than the existing literature.
Supergraph Topology Feature Index for Personalized Interesting Subgraph Query in Large Labeled Graphs
Authors: Shan Xiaohuan , Li Haihai , Jia Chunjie , Li Dong , Song Baoyan
Published: June 2021

Interesting subgraph query aims to find subgraphs that are isomorphic to the given query graph from a data graph and rank the subgraphs according to their interestingness scores. However, the existing subgraph query approaches are inefficient when dealing with large‐scale labeled data graph. This is caused by the following problems: (i) the existing work mainly focuses on unweighted query graphs, while ignoring the impact of query constraints on query results. (ii) Excessive number of subgraph candidates or complex joins between nodes in the subgraph candidates reduce the query efficiency. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an intelligent solution. Firstly, an Isotype Structure Graph Compression (ISGC) strategy is proposed to compress similar nodes in a graph to reduce the size of the graph and avoid unnecessary matching. Then, an auxiliary data structure Supergraph Topology Feature Index (STFIndex) is designed to replace the storage of the original data graph and improve the efficiency of an online query. After that, a partition method based on Edge Label Step Value (ELSV) is proposed to partition the index logically. In addition, a novel Top‐K interest subgraph query approach is proposed, which consists of the multidimensional filtering (MDF) strategy, upper bound value (UBV) (Size‐c) matching, and the optimizational join (QJ) method to filter out as many false subgraph candidates as possible to achieve fast joins. We conduct experiments on real and synthetic datasets. Experimental results show that the average performance of our approach is 1.35 higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches when the query graph is unweighted, and the average performance of our approach is 2.88 higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art approaches when the query graph is weighted.
Surface Defect Detection of Nonburr Cylinder Liner Based on Improved YOLOv4
Authors: Chen Yongbin , Fu Qinshen , Wang Guitang
Published: June 2021

Cylinder liner plays an important role in the internal combustion engine. The surface defects of cylinder liner will directly affect the safety and service life of the internal combustion engine. At present, the surface defect detection of cylinder liner mainly relies on manual visual inspection, which is easily affected by subjective factors of inspectors. Aiming at the bottleneck of traditional visual inspection technology in appearance inspection, this paper proposes a surface defect detection algorithm based on deep learning to realize defect location and classification. Based on the characteristics of the research object in this paper, the surface defect detection algorithm based on the improved YOLOv4 model is proposed, the model framework is constructed, and the data enhancement method and verification method are proposed. Experiments show that the proposed method can improve the detection accuracy and speed and can meet the requirements of the nonburr cylinder surface defect detection. At the same time, the method can be extended to other surface defect detection applications.
NC
-Smarandache Ruled Surface and
NW
-Smarandache Ruled Surface according to Alternative Moving Frame in

E

3
Authors: Ouarab Soukaina
Published: June 2021

In this study, original definitions of

NC
−

Smarandache ruled surface and

NW
−

Smarandache ruled surface according to the alternative moving frame are introduced in

E

3

. The main results of the study are presented in theorems that give necessary and sufficient conditions for those special surfaces to be developable and minimal. Finally, an example with illustrations is presented.
Model Predictive Control for an Aerial Tree‐Pruning Robot Based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
Authors: Xu Changliang , Yang Zhong , Xu Hao , Zhang Qiuyan , Zhou Dongsheng , Lu Kaiwen , Han Jiaming , Liao Luwei
Published: June 2021

Obstacles of some trees within the electric power transmission line channel are of great threat to the electricity supply. Nowadays, the tasks of clearing threatening tree branches are still mostly operated by hand and simple tools. In this article, an aerial tree‐pruning robot with a novel structure is designed to improve the pruning operation efficiency and enhance the safety of the staff. However, the long arm of the pruning tool results in much higher rotational inertia of the robot, which brings difficulties for the robot to remain stable. Therefore, a control scheme based on model predictive control is proposed for the aerial tree‐pruning robot and to deal with an uncertain system during the pruning operation period. One of the main contributions is that an ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers) algorithm that solves the constrained QP (quadratic programming) is adopted to implement the model predictive control on embedded computers with limited computational power. The dynamic model of the pruning robot is firstly presented. Then, the control scheme of MPC for the pruning robot is presented. Moreover, the QP problem of robot control is addressed with ADMM. Finally, simulation experiments of attitude tracking as well as the antidisturbances capability verification have been conducted. Results for the system of aerial tree‐pruning robot are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed attitude tracking control scheme using ADMM‐based MPC.
Changes in Key Mitochondrial Lipids Accompany Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in NAFLD
Authors: Durand Manon , Coué Marine , Croyal Mikaël , Moyon Thomas , Tesse Angela , Atger Florian , Ouguerram Khadija , Jacobi David
Published: June 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a dysmetabolic hepatic damage of increasing severity: simple fat accumulation (steatosis), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic fibrosis. Oxidative stress is considered an important factor in producing hepatocyte injury associated with NAFLD progression. Studies also suggest a link between the accumulation of specific hepatic lipid species, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the progression of NAFLD. However, it is unclear whether mitochondrial lipid modifications are involved in NAFLD progression. To gain insight into the relationship between mitochondrial lipids and disease progression through different stages of NAFLD, we performed lipidomic analyses on mouse livers at different stages of western diet‐induced NAFLD, with or without hepatic fibrosis. After organelle separation, we studied separately the mitochondrial and the “nonmitochondrial” hepatic lipidomes. We identified 719 lipid species from 16 lipid families. Remarkably, the western diet triggered time‐dependent changes in the mitochondrial lipidome, whereas the “nonmitochondrial” lipidome showed little difference with levels of hepatic steatosis or the presence of fibrosis. In mitochondria, the changes in the lipidome preceded hepatic fibrosis. In particular, two critical phospholipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) and cardiolipin (CL), displayed opposite responses in mitochondria. Decrease in CL and increase in PA were concurrent with an increase of coenzyme Q. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy superoxide spin trapping and Cu2+ measurement showed the progressive increase in oxidative stress in the liver. Overall, these results suggest mitochondrial lipid modifications could act as an early event in mitochondrial dysfunction and NAFLD progression.
Periodontal Disease and Breast Cancer Risk: Results from the Nurses' Health Study
Authors: Farhat Zeinab , Cadeau Claire , Eliassen A. Heather , Freudenheim Jo L.
Published: June 2021

Background:

While periodontal disease has been linked to increased cancer risk, studies regarding an association with breast cancer are limited.

Methods:

We examined the relationship between self-reported diagnosis of periodontal bone loss and incidence of breast cancer in a large, prospective cohort study, the Nurses' Health Study (1998–2014). We calculated HRs using Cox proportional hazards modeling, adjusting for risk factors common to both periodontal disease and breast cancer.

Results:

During 1,023,647 person-years of follow-up, 5,110 of breast cancer cases were reported. We observed no association between periodontal disease and overall breast cancer risk (HR, 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.10); the association was not modified by smoking status, or other breast cancer risk factors or by breast tumor subtypes.

Conclusions:

We did not observe any association between periodontal disease and breast cancer risk.

Impact:

Given inconsistent findings in the literature, further research with standardized clinical measures of periodontitis is warranted.
Why Are B-Scans in Some Blind Eyes with Large Intraocular Masses Misinterpreted?
Authors: Margo Curtis E.
Published: June 2021

B-scan ultrasounds on 3 patients whose eyes were filled with cellular masses (two uveal melanomas and one reactive fibrous granulomatous proliferation) performed by 4 experienced retinal specialists were misinterpretated as containing no tumor mass. A possible explanation for this potentially avoidable oversight is offered.
Routine Data Analyses for Estimating the Caries Treatment Experience of Children
Authors: Raedel Michael , Wagner Yvonne , Priess Heinz-Werner , Samietz Stefanie , Bohm Steffen , Walter Michael H.
Published: June 2021

Oral health surveys are considered the gold standard for assessing the caries experience of children. Analyses of routine data offer additional opportunities not yet fully explored. This study aimed at estimating the caries treatment experience by mining an insurance claims database. Comprehensive claims data sets were extracted from the data warehouse of a major health insurance company (BARMER, Germany). A surrogate variable for caries experience was formed that reflected the proportion of children without any former potentially caries-related treatment (filling, root canal treatment, and extraction) at ages from 1 to 14 years. The statistical calculations were based on Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. The evaluation for the permanent dentition comprised N = 593,330 children at 6 years and N = 114,568 at 12 years. At 12 years of age, 66.8% had not yet experienced potentially caries-related treatments. This value hints at a significantly higher caries experience at 12 years compared to available epidemiological data. For the deciduous dentition, the respective rates were 74.0% at 6 years and 45.8% at 10 years. Although various sources of bias have to be taken into account, the potential of routine data mining is evident. The approach is supplemental to oral health surveys. It can be useful in coming closer to reality when estimating the caries experience of children. From our results, we conclude that the oral health of up to 14-year-olds in Germany remains in urgent need of improvement.
Breeding site attendance and breeding success in Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae)
Authors: Boyle Cameron M. , Gourevitch Eleanor H. Z. , Downie J. Roger
Published: June 2021

Using a natural marker, we documented breeding site attendance patterns by males and females of the Trinidad Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa trinitatis. We followed attendance at a cluster of three isolated ponds over 53 and 56 consecutive nights in 2016 and 2019 respectively. Most females attended only once, but for those that attended more than once we calculated an inter-nesting interval (mean 27.6 days, N = 7). Males showed high pond fidelity, but some did attend at two of the ponds, always with a strong preference for one of them. Males showed three attendance patterns. A few attended on multiple consecutive nights (maximum, 19 nights); more were sporadic (one attended seven times over 46 nights with gaps of 15 and 19 days in the sequence); some attended only once (2016: 12, 2019: 15), but most were found to be present on multiple nights (2016: 38, 2019: 32). Our analysis suggested that these latter frogs were either newly recruited individuals or had been predated during the study. Our data show that rainfall has some influence on attendance. We found no relationship between male body condition and attendance pattern. In addition, there was no evidence that a particular male attendance pattern was optimal for breeding success.
Prevalence and Course of Depression During the First Year After Mild to Moderate Stroke
Authors: Dong Liming , Williams Linda S. , Brown Devin L. , Case Erin , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Lisabeth Lynda D.
Published: June 2021

Background

This study examined the prevalence and longitudinal course of depression during the first year after mild to moderate stroke.

Methods and Results

We identified patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score <16) and at least 1 depression assessment at 3, 6, or 12 months after stroke (n=648, 542, and 533, respectively) from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project (2014–2016). Latent transition analysis was used to examine temporal profiles of depressive symptoms assessed by the 8‐item Patient Health Questionnaire between 3 and 12 months after stroke. Mean age was 65.6 years, 49.4% were women, and 56.7% were Mexican Americans. The prevalence of depression after stroke was 35.3% at 3 months, decreased to 24.9% at 6 months, and remained stable at 25.7% at 12 months. Approximately half of the participants classified as having depression at 3 or 6 months showed clinical improvement at the next assessment. Subgroups with distinct patterns of depressive symptoms were identified, including mild/no symptoms, predominant sleep disturbance and fatigue symptoms, affective symptoms, and severe/all symptoms. A majority of participants with mild/no symptoms retained this symptom pattern over time. The probability of transitioning to mild/no symptoms was higher before 6 months compared with the later period, and severe symptoms were more likely to persist after 6 months compared with the earlier period.

Conclusions

The observed dynamics of depressive symptoms suggest that depression after stroke tends to persist after 6 months among patients with mild to moderate stroke and should be continually monitored and appropriately managed.
Risk Factors for Severe Primary Graft Dysfunction in Infants Following Heart Transplant
Authors: Singh Tajinder P. , Profita Elizabeth L. , Rycus Peter , Thiagarajan Ravi , Gauvreau Kimberlee
Published: June 2021

Background

Previous studies suggest that infant heart transplant (HT) recipients are at higher risk of developing severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD) than older children. We sought to identify risk factors for developing severe PGD in infant HT recipients.

Methods and Results

We identified all HT recipients aged <1 year in the United States during 1996 to 2015 using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database. We linked their data to ELSO (Extracorporeal Life Support Organization) registry data to identify those with severe PGD, defined by initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for PGD within 2 days following HT. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess risk factors for developing severe PGD. Of 1718 infants analyzed, 600 (35%) were <90 days old and 1079 (63%) had congenital heart disease. Overall, 134 (7.8%) developed severe PGD; 95 (71%) were initiated on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support on the day of HT, 34 (25%) the next day, and 5 (4%) the following day. In adjusted analysis, recipient congenital heart disease, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or biventricular assist device support at transplant, recipient blood type AB, donor‐recipient weight ratio <0.9, and graft ischemic time ≥4 hours were independently associated with developing severe PGD whereas left ventricular assist device support at HT was not. One‐year graft survival was 48% in infants with severe PGD versus 87% without severe PGD.

Conclusions

Infant HT recipients with severe PGD have poor graft survival. Although some recipient‐level risk factors are nonmodifiable, avoiding modifiable risk factors may mitigate further risk in infants at high risk of developing severe PGD.
The Work of Art in an Age of Mechanical Generation
Authors: Frank Steven J.
Published: June 2021

Can we define what it means to be “creative,” and, if so, can our definition drive artificial intelligence (AI) systems to feats of creativity indistinguishable from human efforts? The author considers this mixed question from technological and social perspectives. Beginning with an exploration of the value we attach to authenticity in works of art, the article considers the ability of AI to detect forgeries of renowned paintings and, in so doing, somehow reveal the quiddity of a work of art. The author concludes by considering whether evolving technical capability can revise traditional relationships among art, artist, and the market.
Representing Hierarchies of Visual Regard in Eye-Tracking Analysis
Authors: Han Eugene
Published: June 2021

The author developed a method for representing data from eye-tracking recordings: a form of graphical analysis that illustrates hierarchical densities of visual regard without obscuring the original pictorial stimulus. Across three different case studies, subjects’ fixation patterns were used to propagate Voronoi generating points. Integrating both fixation locations and their respective dwell times, randomized Gaussian distribution provided a technique to augment Voronoi generating seeds and enhance graphical resolution. Color pixel values were then used to fill in resultant Voronoi cells in relation to color values provided by the original stimulus. This analysis allowed for effective differentiation of viewing behaviors between different subjects, with emphasis on a subject’s attentional distribution rather than on graphic icons.