bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Internal Cognitive Factors on Social Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Kazmi Syed Mazahir , Hammad Ali , Ahmed Arslan , Zulfiqar Salman
Published: January 2019

This aim of the study is to recognize the social entrepreneurial intention among youth who are the business undergraduate, graduate and professional students in Pakistan and China using the theory of planned behavior. 355 respondents from business Pakistani and Chinses universities using 54 item questionnaire. Systematized random sampling was employed to collect data. 72% (N = 256) of the respondents were male, and 28% (N = 98) were female, and most of the respondent's age range between 20 to 35 of age. To measure the intention and attitude of youth towards social entrepreneurship using emotional intelligence and moral obligation with Theory of planned behavior. The result demonstrates that the hypothesized research model of study describes 46% of the variance, which explains social entrepreneurship intention. Results indicate that emotional Intelligence a significant relationship with self-efficacy and attitude where it has a positive relationship with social norms but is not significant. Conversely, the moral obligation has a significant positive relationship with attitude, self-efficacy and social norms which leads towards social entrepreneurship. Research study focuses and contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature using new antecedents using emotional intelligence and moral obligation to measure the development of social entrepreneurial intention.
Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria
Authors: Ikhatua Jude Ohi , Ibadin Peter Okoeguale
Published: January 2019

Today, countries, especially the developing ones rebase their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to determine their economic strength. Nigeria as an acclaimed giant in Africa cannot but continuously examine variables which may impact the economy. It is in this light that this study was intended to investigate the Determinants of Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria. To achieve this, secondary data, as time series data, covering a period of 1980 to 2015, were used and sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Annual Abstract from the Office of the National Bureau of Statistics and the Federal Inland Revenue Service, both in Nigeria. The dependent variable of Tax Revenue Effort (TTAXeff) was regressed on macro independent variables of Agricultural Sector Productivity(AGRICSP), Manufacturing Sector Productivity (MANSP), Tourism Sector Productivity(TOURSP), Telecommunication Sector Productivity(TELCOMSP), Capital Flight(CAPFR), Trade Openness (TOPEN) and Human Capital Development(HCD). The study adopted a longitudinal research design and used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to evaluate the models. The findings revealed that Agricultural Sector Productivity, Tourism Sector Productivity, Trade Openness and Human Capital Development had significant and positive effects on Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria. The Manufacturing Sector Productivity, Telecommunication Sector Productivity and Capital Flight had significant but negative effects on Tax Revenue Effort in Nigeria. There is however the need to consistently ensure better performance of tax efforts in the country through strict and meticulous enforcement of tax rules and tax administrations procedures in the country.
M/M/1 Model With Unreliable Service and a Working Vacation
Authors: Patterson Joshua , Korzeniowski Andrzej
Published: January 2019

We derive an explicit closed form of the stationary distribution of an M/M/1 queue with unreliable service and a working vacation. We also show that the work in (Patterson & Korzeniowski, 2018) can be obtained as a special case of this model. Future work remains to be done; specifically, it may be possible to use the explicit stationary distribution given here to decompose the queue length into the sum of independent random variables. Consequently, it may then be possible to utilize Little’s Law (Little, 1961) to decompose the customer waiting time as well.
On the Existence, Uniqueness and Application of the Finite Difference Method for Solving Robin Elliptic Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Nguimbi Germain , Ngoma Diogène Vianney Pongui , Mabonzo Vital Delmas , Madzou Bienaime Bervi Bamvi , Kokolo Melchior Josièrne Jupy
Published: January 2019

This paper refers to mathematical modelling and numerical analysis. The analysis to be presented through this paper deals with Robin’s problem which boundary equation is a linear combination of Dirichlet and Neumann-type boundary condi-tions. For this purpose we proved the existence and uniqueness of the solution. It is worth noting that the implementation of numerical simulations depends on the type of problem since it requires a search for explicit solution. Consequently, the motivation exists in this paper for choosing a classical method of variation of constants and employing a finite difference method to find the exact and numerical solutions, respectively so that numerical simulations were implemented in Scilab.
Armed On-board Protection of Italian Ships: From an Apparent Hybrid Model to a Regulated Rise of Private Contractors
Authors: Bevilacqua Giorgia
Published: January 2019

Armed On-board Protection of Italian Ships: From an Apparent Hybrid Model to a Regulated Rise of Private Contractors

The sharp increase of piracy attacks in the last two decades was followed by a parallel increase of demand in the maritime security sector. A plenty of flag States around the world have started to authorize the deployment of armed security guards, either military or private, aboard commercial ships. In 2011, Italy also introduced the possibility of embarking armed security services to protect Italian flagged ships sailing in dangerous international waters. Like the other flag States’ legal systems, the newly adopted Italian legislation aims to preserve the domestic shipping industry which was particularly disrupted by modern-day pirates. On the other hand, the doubling of approaches of the Italian legal and regulatory framework, initially privileging military personnel and then opting for the private solution, took the author to investigate the main relevant features of the Italian model of regulation and to analyze the recent developments of the domestic legal practice on counterpiracy armed security services, focusing on the role that customary and treaty obligations of international law played for the realization at national level of on-board armed protection of Italian ships. The use of lethal force at sea and the relationship between the shipmaster and the security guards will receive specific attention in this article.
Radzieckie desantowo-transportowe atomowe okręty podwodne
Authors: kmdr dr Witold KUSTRA mgr Beata MIŚNIK ,
Published: January 2019

Artykuł jest poświęcony problematyce radzieckich atomowych okrętów podwodnych
specjalnego przeznaczenia. Przedstawiono w nim charakterystykę tych okrętów oraz
porównano ich możliwości i parametry taktyczno-techniczne.
Azja Centralna – rosnący w siłę dostawca surowców energetycznych
Authors: KOCHANEK dr Ewelina
Published: January 2019

Ogromne zasoby surowców naturalnych, zwłaszcza pożądanych w dzisiejszym świecie
surowców energetycznych (ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego), sprawiły, że światowe
potęgi gospodarcze skierowały swoją uwagę w kierunku Azji Centralnej. Z roku na
rok zainteresowanie tym regionem wzrasta wobec perspektywy uczynienia z tamtejszych
surowców dodatkowego obok rosyjskiego źródła zaopatrzenia, przede wszystkim
dla Chin czy UE, ale również dla rozwijających się w szybkim tempie Indii.
Po rozpadzie ZSRR młode republiki środkowoazjatyckie, mimo że niepodległe,
były jednocześnie słabe gospodarczo i dodatkowo targane konfliktami wewnętrznymi.
Z tego względu ich związki z Rosją były, i w wielu wypadkach pozostają, w dalszym
ciągu niezwykle silne. Powiązania ze wschodnim mocarstwem widoczne są
w głównej mierze w gospodarce.
Uzależnienie od rosyjskich produktów, które zalewają rynki państw regionu powoduje
obniżanie wartości rodzimej produkcji, a utrzymywanie kontroli nad systemem
przesyłu kopalin, m.in. do Unii Europejskiej, prowadzi do braku możliwości
dywersyfikacji odbiorców surowców energetycznych, tym samym przynosząc niskie
wpływy z ich sprzedaży. Silniejsze kraje regionu, takie jak: Kazachstan, Turkmenistan
czy Uzbekistan, dokonują redefinicji swojej polityki eksportowej. Rosyjski monopol
surowcowy i transportowy został przełamany przez wkroczenie do regionu Chin, któ-
re oferują szeroki strumień kredytów na niezbędne do rozwoju inwestycje, zwłaszcza
w przestarzały sektor energetyczny. Chińczycy przekształcają lokalne gospodarki
w swoje bazy surowcowe, gdyż importują ponad połowę turkmeńskiego gazu, kazachską
ropę naftową, poszukują węglowodorów we wszystkich republikach regionu
i zarządzają kopalniami złota w Tadżykistanie.
4PL LOGISTICS OPERATOR IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN
Authors: DYCZKOWSKA Joanna
Published: January 2019

These days, an increase is being observed in the number of 4PL operators on the
market of logistics service providers. The purpose of the article is to present the role
of the logistics operator in the management of the supply chain of companies on the
territory of Poland as well as the kinds of services provided by these companies.
The methods used herein include an analysis of literature, a method of selected case
studies and indirect measurements. The analysis was based on four logistics operators
with the largest incomes on the Polish market: Raben Group, Schenker Sp. z o.o., FM
logistics and DPD Polska Sp. z o.o.
Population Diversity and Role in the Socioeconomic Development of Domestic Buffaloes of Rural Areas of District Haripur, KPK Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Saira , Khan Muhammad Fiaz , Rehman Aqsa
Published: January 2019

This study conducted as a type of survey in a time period duration of 6 month that starts from the end of the march to the end of September total of the 1000 houses were visited from each of the selected villages of Haripur Pakistan along with 100 dairy farms study carried out by the questionnaires and by the direct meeting with the keepers of buffalos. Four villages were selected where the highest population of buffaloes were found in Syria maira. The farm buffalos were kept mostly for the purpose of selling the milk Results showed that the most of the areas the buffalo keeping is for the purpose of selling the milk wile in other where the selling rate is not found they keep them for their own food and milk purposes. It facilitate their economic status to rise as a part time job. Government should take steps to rise there stander.
Radiografía Económico-Financiera de las pequeñas empresas familiares españolas
Authors: Terrón Ibáñez Sara , Gómez-Miranda María Elena , Miras Rodríguez María del Mar , Rodríguez Ariza Lázaro
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between small Spanish companies according to their family or non-family nature, in terms of their main economic and financial indicators. The study data analysed correspond to the years 2003, 2007 and 2013, which enabled us to examine whether the characteristics observed and any differences between these companies persisted during a period featuring three different economic scenarios. The study sample was composed of 21,192 small family firms and 4,449 small non-family firms.

The results obtained show that, regardless of the national economic situation, there were statistically significant differences between the two types of companies for certain economic and financial indicators. We conclude that the family nature of a company has a negative impact on productivity, the number of employees and levels of investment and turnover. Moreover, family firms face higher costs of external financing than do non-family businesses.

En el presente trabajo se analiza, en primer lugar, si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las pequeñas empresas familiares y no familiares españolas en relación a sus principales indicadores económico-financieros. Se estudian datos referidos a los años 2003, 2007 y 2013, lo que nos permite analizar si las posibles diferencias se mantienen en tres escenarios económicos distintos, para 21192 pequeñas empresas familiares y 4449 pequeñas empresas no familiares.

Las conclusiones obtenidas demuestran que, con independencia de la situación económica nacional, entre ambos tipos de empresas se han detectado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el valor determinados indicadores económico-financieros. Concluimos que es el carácter familiar de las organizaciones el factor que afecta negativamente a la productividad de las organizaciones, al número de trabajadores, a la inversión y a la cifra de negocios. En cuanto al coste de la financiación ajena, las empresas familiares presentan valores más elevados que las empresas no familiares.
LUBRICATION LEVELS INFLUENCE ON CARBON FIBER-TITANIUM HYBRID STACKS DRILLING APPLYING MQL (MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION): PROCESS MONITORING
Authors: FERNANDEZ PEREZ JUAN , CANTERO GUISANDEZ JOSÉ LUIS , DÍAZ ÁLVAREZ JOSÉ , MIGUELEZ HENAR
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of MQL (minimum quantity lubrication) lubrication level on hybrid stacks (Ti/CFRP/Ti) drilling process with diamond coated carbide tools. Spindle and feed motor power consumptions have been monitored which provides valuable information about the operation in real time which can be used to control and optimize the machining process and allows the implementation of 4.0 industry concepts. Furthermore, tool wear has been characterized and hole quality assessed.
The tests were done with two lubrication levels with the same machining centers, tools, materials and cutting conditions as in the drilling processes of aeronautical components.
With the fresh tool, the power consumptions were very similar for both MQL levels considered. Along the carbon fiber layers, the increase of cutting power with tool wear was higher for the test done with the lower MQL level. However, during Ti layers drilling, the increase of power was smaller for the lower MQL level, probably due to a higher titanium adhesion which modifies the chip formation process and a higher influence of the thermal softening effect on the workpiece.
By using a reduced MQL level it was found a smaller tool wear. However, the quality of the holes was similar for the both lubrication levels tested.

Keywords: MQL, hybrid stacks drilling, hole quality, tool wear, monitoring
On a question of Sadullaev concerning boundary relative extremal functions
Authors: Djire Ibrahim K. , Wiegerinck Jan
Published: January 2019

We study the relation between certain alternative definitions of the boundary relative extremal function. For various domains we give an affirmative answer to the question of Sadullaev whether these extremal functions are equal.
Evaluando los stakeholders de la Economía del Bien Común
Authors: Mora Rodríguez Alejandro , López Monllor Carlos , Hilliard Ivan
Published: January 2019

La Economía del Bien Común (EBC) propone medir el éxito de una organización en función de cómo trata en sus relaciones a sus distintos stakeholders: proveedores, financiadores, trabajadores, clientes y entorno social. La importancia o peso relativo de cada stakeholder en la organización variará con el tiempo, dependiendo de las circunstancias y prácticas que se lleven a cabo en cada momento concreto. Este artículo presenta tres metodologías para cuantificar este peso relativo de cada stakeholder en la organización. Cada metodología se fundamenta en una magnitud, o una unidad de medida de la relación stakeholder-organización, diferente. Estas magnitudes, que son precios de mercado, horas de trabajo, y horas de trabajo ajustadas medioambientalmente, son las que definen lo que significa “aportar” en la relación establecida entre la organización y el stakeholder. Para el precio de mercado la aportación viene definida por el coste de la relación y se mide en dinero; para las horas de trabajo la aportación es la parte de vida dedicada, aportada a la relación, y se mide en horas; las horas de trabajo ajustadas medioambientalmente ajusta las horas de trabajo mediante un corrector medioambiental. Además, en esta publicación se presenta una novedosa forma de estudiar la importancia de cada uno de los proveedores de cada uno de los eslabones de las cadenas de aprovisionamiento de la organización.
Scientific possibilities in associating microbiome to specific diseases and its bioinformatic and experimental challenges
Authors: Ng Wenfa
Published: January 2019

Microbes play important roles in human health and disease either as individual species or as a consortium. While medical microbiology has traditionally associated a single species with a specific disease, recent knowledge of the diversity of microbes present at different sites of the body has opened our eyes to the dynamic interactions between species, and how community interactions amongst microbes could potentiate disease. More importantly, clinical manifestations of disease symptoms have been hypothesized to arise from cross-interactions between metabolites and signalling molecules secreted by microbes not in direct communication with each other. Such myriad and entangled interactions raise important questions on clinicians and researchers’ quest to understand the aetiologies of disease and underpinnings of their progression. Doing so require profiling the microbes present and their community structure, to which mass spectrometry metabolomics could lend a lens. Nevertheless, how do we associate specific diseases to one or two microbiome which may be at different body sites? Do we have the analytical and bioinformatic toolkit to do so? A review paper in Nature (“Microbiome-wide association studies link dynamic microbial consortia to disease”) seek to illuminate this question. But from the clinical perspective, is associating a microbiome to a specific disease useful, particularly for multifactorial diseases such as metabolic syndrome? To a limited extent, the answer is yes, for it provides an initial direction towards understanding the molecular mechanisms at play in disease manifestations as well as the complex interplay between microbe and host in pathological processes. At a deeper level, however, dynamic changes in microbiome community composition and structure with changing environmental conditions and host physiology meant that tracing the specific steps important to disease processes might be more fruitfully accomplished through the bottom-up approach rather than the top-down methodology inherent in microbiome profiling. Specifically, sets of molecular processes are likely impacted in complex diseases which translate to dysfunctional enzymes, or metabolic pathways and signalling cascades in overdrive. Teasing the complex web of metabolic cum signalling pathways apart in seeking to understand the specific molecular effectors important in disease necessitates a combination of molecular biology and biochemistry techniques coupled with contemporary discovery tools in omics. Such information would provide downstream leads for therapeutic development, which microbiome-wide association studies lend a first pointer. Collectively, associating a microbiome to specific disease states provide a list of candidate microbes that could be aetiological agents of disease, from which further biochemical and molecular biology investigations would uncover the underlying disease mechanisms.
Effect of breed, grazing system and concentrate supplementation on fattening performance, carcass value and meat quality of steers
Authors: Schmutz M. , Weindl P. , Carrasco S. , Bellof G. , Schmidt E.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the influence of breed, grazing system and concentrate level on fattening performance, carcass value and meat quality of steers.Ninety-six German Simmental and German Holstein steers were fattened using two different grazing systems: continuous grazing system (CGS) and rotational grazing system (RGS). They were supplemented with medium (M) or low (L) concentrate levels. The trial period involved 22 months divided into four phases: phase 1 (indoor), 2 (grazing), 3 (indoor vs. outdoor) and 4 (grazing). In phases 1 and 3 the animals were offered grass silage ad libitum. All animals were supplied with concentrate during phase 1. In phases 3 and 4 the animals were supplied with M or L. Group M consumed a total of 275 kg and group L 191 kg concentrate per steer.German Simmental steers were significantly superior in all essential parameters of the fattening performance and the carcass value (e.g. final weight: 631 kg vs. 608 kg). German Holstein steers showed better meat quality (intramuscular fat content, tenderness, meat colour) than German Simmental steers. The impact of the grazing system was only for a few parameters (carcass weight, dressing percentage and fat colour). The CGS showed higher grazing yield and higher content of nutrients than the RGS, as a consequence, CGS steers presented heavier carcass weight than RGS steers. Concentrate levels had no effects on the evaluated parameters.
Effect of breed and age on beef carcass quality, fatness and fatty acid composition
Authors: Kelava Ugarković N. , Ivanković A. , Konjačić M.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The aim of this research was to determine differences in beef carcass fatness and in the fatty acid composition of muscle and adipose tissue of three different breeds slaughtered at the age of 14 months and 19 months. The breed significantly affected the muscle fat content, carcass subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and fatty acid composition of the muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue. Different age at slaughter had no significant effect on analysed traits. The muscle tissue of the Herefords contained a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of C14 : 0 and C16 : 0 fatty acids and fewer long-chain fatty acids than the Simmentals and Charolais. The subcutaneous fat tissue of the Simmentals contained a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of PUFA, PUFA/SFA ratio and n-6 fatty acids. When fed with a high-energy diet, the Herefords proved to have the most fattened carcasses and the highest content of saturated fatty acids in the muscle. Changes in the diet of feedlot cattle should result in a more favourable fatty acid composition.
A database for efficient storage and management of multi panel SNP data
Authors: Groeneveld E. , Truong C. V. C.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The fast development of high throughput genotyping has opened up new possibilities in genetics while at the same time producing immense data handling issues. A system design and proof of concept implementation are presented which provides efficient data storage and manipulation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes in a relational database. A new strategy using SNP and individual selection vectors allows us to view SNP data as matrices or sets. These genotype sets provide an easy way to handle original and derived data, the latter at basically no storage costs. Due to its vector based database storage, data imports and exports are much faster than those of other SNP databases. In the proof of concept implementation, the compressed storage scheme reduces disk space requirements by a factor of around 300. Furthermore, this design scales linearly with number of individuals and SNPs involved. The procedure supports panels of different sizes. This allows a straight forward management of different panel sizes in the same population as it occurs in animal breeding programs when higher density panels replace previous lower density versions.
Effect of different phytases on the performance, nutrient retention and tibia composition in broiler chickens
Authors: Ptak A. , Józefiak D. , Kierończyk B. , Rawski M. , Żyła K. , Świątkiewicz S.
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The effect of different phytases on the performance response, nutrient utilization and tibia characteristics of chickens was investigated. The five pelleted diets were the following: positive control (PC) with added monocalcium phosphate; negative control (NC) formulated with equivalency values of phytase for Ca and digestible P; and three further diets where different phytases were individually added to the NC diet at 500 FTU/kg. The phytases were derived either from Aspergillus (phytase I), or E. coli (phytases II and III). Compared to PC, the performance parameters, as well as apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn), mineral retention, bone breaking force and tibia mineral content were suppressed by the reduction of dietary Ca and digestible P. All phytases enhanced the overall body weight gains and feed conversion ratio in comparison with NC, but none outperformed PC. Only phytase II improved AMEn compared to NC and PC group. However only phytase I outperformed NC group in terms of mineral retention and P retention was higher than phytase II and III. No significant differences were observed in fat digestibility and N retention. Bone strength among phytases did not differ and all improved this parameter compared to the NC diet. However, even though all phytases enhanced tibia minerals content, the improvement was less pronounced with phytase III. Moreover, the differences in all analysed tibia minerals between phytase III and II were significant suggesting that even among 6-phytases derived from and expressed in the same organism, different efficacy or mode of action can occur.
CaImAn an open source tool for scalable calcium imaging data analysis
Authors: Giovannucci Andrea , Friedrich Johannes , Gunn Pat , Kalfon Jérémie , Brown Brandon L , Koay Sue Ann , Taxidis Jiannis , Najafi Farzaneh , Gauthier Jeffrey L , Zhou Pengcheng , Khakh Baljit S , Tank David W , Chklovskii Dmitri B , Pnevmatikakis Eftychios A
Published: January 2019

Advances in fluorescence microscopy enable monitoring larger brain areas in-vivo with finer time resolution. The resulting data rates require reproducible analysis pipelines that are reliable, fully automated, and scalable to datasets generated over the course of months. We present CaImAn, an open-source library for calcium imaging data analysis. CaImAn provides automatic and scalable methods to address problems common to pre-processing, including motion correction, neural activity identification, and registration across different sessions of data collection. It does this while requiring minimal user intervention, with good scalability on computers ranging from laptops to high-performance computing clusters. CaImAn is suitable for two-photon and one-photon imaging, and also enables real-time analysis on streaming data. To benchmark the performance of CaImAn we collected and combined a corpus of manual annotations from multiple labelers on nine mouse two-photon datasets. We demonstrate that CaImAn achieves near-human performance in detecting locations of active neurons.
Insights into AMS/PCAT transporters from biochemical and structural characterization of a double Glycine motif protease
Authors: Bobeica Silvia C , Dong Shi-Hui , Huo Liujie , Mazo Nuria , McLaughlin Martin I , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Nair Satish K , van der Donk Wilfred A
Published: January 2019

The secretion of peptides and proteins is essential for survival and ecological adaptation of bacteria. Dual-functional ATP-binding cassette transporters export antimicrobial or quorum signaling peptides in Gram-positive bacteria. Their substrates contain a leader sequence that is excised by an N-terminal peptidase C39 domain at a double Gly motif. We characterized the protease domain (LahT150) of a transporter from a lanthipeptide biosynthetic operon in Lachnospiraceae and demonstrate that this protease can remove the leader peptide from a diverse set of peptides. The 2.0 Å resolution crystal structure of the protease domain in complex with a covalently bound leader peptide demonstrates the basis for substrate recognition across the entire class of such transporters. The structural data also provide a model for understanding the role of leader peptide recognition in the translocation cycle, and the function of degenerate, non-functional C39-like domains (CLD) in substrate recruitment in toxin exporters in Gram-negative bacteria.
High resolution cryo-EM structure of the helical RNA-bound Hantaan virus nucleocapsid reveals its assembly mechanisms
Authors: Arragain Benoît , Reguera Juan , Desfosses Ambroise , Gutsche Irina , Schoehn Guy , Malet Hélène
Published: January 2019

Negative-strand RNA viruses condense their genome into helical nucleocapsids that constitute essential templates for viral replication and transcription. The intrinsic flexibility of nucleocapsids usually prevents their full-length structural characterisation at high resolution. Here, we describe purification of full-length recombinant metastable helical nucleocapsid of Hantaan virus (Hantaviridae family, Bunyavirales order) and determine its structure at 3.3 Å resolution by cryo-electron microscopy. The structure reveals the mechanisms of helical multimerisation via sub-domain exchanges between protomers and highlights nucleotide positions in a continuous positively charged groove compatible with viral genome binding. It uncovers key sites for future structure-based design of antivirals that are currently lacking to counteract life-threatening hantavirus infections. The structure also suggests a model of nucleoprotein-polymerase interaction that would enable replication and transcription solely upon local disruption of the nucleocapsid.
Comparative genomics of 16Microbacteriumspp. that tolerate multiple heavy metals and antibiotics
Authors: Learman Deric R. , Ahmad Zahra , Brookshier Allison , Henson Michael W. , Hewitt Victoria , Lis Amanda , Morrison Cody , Robinson Autumn , Todaro Emily , Wologo Ethan , Wynne Sydney , Alm Elizabeth W. , Kourtev Peter S.
Published: January 2019

A total of 16 different strains ofMicrobacteriumspp. were isolated from contaminated soil and enriched on the carcinogen, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. The majority of the isolates (11 of the 16) were able to tolerate concentrations (0.1 mM) of cobalt, cadmium, and nickel, in addition to Cr(VI) (0.5–20 mM). Interestingly, these bacteria were also able to tolerate three different antibiotics (ranges: ampicillin 0–16 μg ml−1, chloramphenicol 0–24 μg ml−1, and vancomycin 0–24 μg ml−1). To gain genetic insight into these tolerance pathways, the genomes of these isolates were assembled and annotated. The genomes of these isolates not only have some shared genes (core genome) but also have a large amount of variability. The genomes also contained an annotated Cr(VI) reductase (chrR) that could be related to Cr(VI) reduction. Further, various heavy metal tolerance (e.g., Co/Zn/Cd efflux system) and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, which provide insight into the isolates’ ability to tolerate metals and antibiotics. Overall, these isolates showed a wide range of tolerances to heavy metals and antibiotics and genetic diversity, which was likely required of this population to thrive in a contaminated environment.
DOCUMENTOS DIGITAIS E DIREITOS AUTORAIS: reflexões na Biblioteca Digital Paulo Freire
Authors: Soares de Sousa Santos Rayane , Gusmão de Góes Brennand Edna
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo analisa o processo de digitalização e disponibilização de documentos digitais no ambiente online realizado pela Biblioteca Digital Paulo Freire (BDPF), observando sua relação com a lei de direitos autorais. Adota como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da Lei de Direitos Autorais, utilizando a técnica do estudo de caso. Constrói uma retrospectiva desta lei até os dias de hoje, quando esta é afetada pela disseminação massiva de documentos e informações na internet. Revela o desafio enfrentado pela BDPF na disponibilização de um acervo concernente ao educador Paulo Freire. Apresenta a existência de políticas que respeitem a lei dos direitos autorais na digitalização do acervo da biblioteca, investigando como é realizado este processo. Apresenta, ainda, algumas das contribuições da BDPF como democratizadora do acesso à informação.
TRANSFORMACAO SOCIAL, EDUCACAO EMANCIPATÓRIA E ESCOLA PÚBLICA
Authors: Rodrigues Rubens Luiz
Published: January 2019

O argumento aqui desenvolvido busca reforçar a ideia de que o conceito de classe social adquire, no contexto das relações específicas da sociedade capitalista, um sentido inerentemente articulado à igualdade substantiva, que, por sua vez, constitui-se como um princípio para a construção da pluralidade cultural. A democratização da educação escolar pública vincula-se à apropriação do conhecimento historicamente negado à classe trabalhadora. Superar os mecanismos de subordinação constitui-se em ação central para um processo que se paute na valorização do trabalho e na emancipação humana. É nessa condição que a escola pública pode contribuir para um projeto de transformação social.

Palavras-chave: transformação, educação, escola
A EDUCAÇÃO EFICIENTE COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA O ALÍVIO DA POBREZA
Authors: Zanardini João Batista
Published: January 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o papel que uma determinada proposição educacional adquire, após os anos 1990, como estratégia para o alívio da pobreza. Tomamos para análise o papel preponderante que o Banco Mundial assume nesse sentido, na proposição de políticas sociais consoante a chamada reestruturação produtiva embasando sua “preocupação” com o alívio da pobreza por meio do incremento da produtividade dos pobres. Remete-se aí à importância da avaliação educacional, pois o grau de eficiência da educação “mede-se” pelos resultados nos testes avaliativos em larga escala, no sentido de incrementar a produtividade dos pobres, concretizada em sua capacidade de trabalhar.
LUDWIG FEUERBACH E O FIM DA FILOSOFIA CLÁSSICA ALEMÃ
Authors: Engels Friedrick
Published: January 2019

Texto clássico do debate marxista sobre a teoria do conhecimento e a história da ciência. Contribui para a exposição do socialismo científico e para a explicação do marxismo como teoria científica mais avançada.
MARXISMO, EDUCAÇÃO E EMANCIPAÇÃO DO PROLETARIADO
Authors: Freitas Francisco Máuri de Carvalho
Published: January 2019

No presente estudo sobre a emancipação humana, encimado na tradição marxista-leninista, inicio meu intento trazendo à lume o pensamento anarco-sindicalista de Bartolomeo Vanzetti e Nicola Sacco que, em abril de 1927, foram condenados à morte, nos Estados Unidos, pelo “crime” de serem anarquistas e sindicalistas. Em seguida procuro rastreando nas obras de Marx, Engels e Lenin, os elementos fundantes da verdadeira, objetiva e concreta emancipação humana que não pode ser compreendida recortada/descolada da emancipação política como sua forma final no interior da ordem mundana existente. Em síntese, é mister reportar, na contramão do senso comum dos acadêmicos, que (1) a educação deverá ser considerada como fator coadjuvante na construção da emancipação e (2) e a revolução a porta de entrada à construção do socialismo como transição à edificação da sociedade comunista.
EDUCAÇÃO E EMANCIPAÇÃO: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Schlesener Anita Helena
Published: January 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar aspectos das teorias de Marx, Lukács e Gramsci, para examinar a concepção de alienação/reificação e salientar a dimensão política da educação. A escola é uma das instituições de formação da consciência, com perspectivas de formação crítica. O presente artigo examina os limites do sistema escolar na função de possibilitar as condições de emancipação no contexto estrutural da sociedade capitalista.
OS ASPECTOS FUNDANTES DO FILME HISTÓRIA DAS COISAS
Authors: Magalhães Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Bezerra Augusto Cezar Perego , Badaró Luiz Fernando , Souza Yann Ferreira Roudrigues
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de analisar os aspectos fundantes do filme História das Coisas. Essa obra trata da produção de mercadorias numa sociedade regida pelo capital. Tivemos como fundamentos metodológicos os pressupostos de Georges Lukács (1978) para identificar a singularidade, a particularidade e a universalidade dessa obra cinematográfica. Concluímos que o filme revela de forma realista a aparência do capital com precisão. Todavia o desconhecimento dos aspectos fundantes da economia política que rege o capital fez com que ele tivesse um desfecho acreditando na possibilidade de reformar o capital. Fato o qual segundo Istvám Mészáros (2002) é ontologicamente impossível.
EDUCAÇÃO e EMANCIPAÇÃO
Authors: Nagel Lizia Helena
Published: January 2019

A Germinal que dedica este v. 5 n. 1, precipuamente, ao tema Emancipação, apresenta a entrevista realizada com a Professora Lízia Helena Nagel sobre o tema central de Educação e Emancipação. Estudiosa e militante dos temas que interessam aos educadores comprometidos com as mudanças do atual modo de existência, a Professora Lízia faz, ao longo da entrevista, reflexões importantes sobre os limites da liberdade no modo de produção capitalista, como: emancipação política, direitos cívicos no seio do neoliberalismo e movimento da pós-modernidade, também sobre a atualidade do marxismo. Aponta com agudeza mazelas humanas engendradas pelo modo de produção: discursos sobre a injustiça da escravidão negra e silêncio sobre a atual escravidão branca; doença, medicalização e educação em sociedade da liberdade farmacêutica; pós-modernismo nas universidades e as consequências práticas sociais de tais proposições, temas a serem debatidos, analisados e suas práticas superadas.
"O NOVO IMPERIALISMO", DE DAVID HARVEY
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Eduardo Rebuá
Published: January 2019

O trabalho em questão corresponde a uma resenha de um dos livros mais importantes do geógrafo estadunidense, David Harvey: "O novo imperialismo", de 2005.

David Harvey, geógrafo estadunidense que se reivindica como um “materialista histórico-geográfico” é um dos maiores nomes da atualidade no que se refere ao estudo do imperialismo, sobretudo o imperialismo dos EUA. Em O novo imperialismo, o autor busca analisar o capitalismo de hoje buscando compreender qual o papel (e os objetivos) de um “novo” imperialismo nas atuais condições econômicas, políticas e sociais. A partir de Hannah Arendt, critica a definição leniniana de imperialismo como última etapa do capitalismo, compreendendo-o como “o primeiro estágio do domínio político da burguesia” (Harvey, 2005, p. 107).

O objetivo principal de Harvey é investigar as forças motrizes das ações dos EUA exercidas nos últimos anos, tendo como referencial de análise dois vetores: a lógica territorial e a lógica capitalista de poder (que não existem sem contradição, ou seja, é extremamente difícil combinar estas duas lógicas). Analisando dialeticamente as duas lógicas, o autor vai defender que embora diferentes e contraditórias, elas se “entrelaçam de formas complexas e por vezes contraditórias” (p. 34) e seus efeitos são distintos em cada lugar.
A UNIVERSIDADE, A RELIGIÃO E AS EMPRESAS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A LEGITIMAÇÃO RELIGIOSA DA LÓGICA DO CAPITAL NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Guindani Evandro Ricardo , Koga Yáscara Michele Neves
Published: January 2019

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: ";Garamond";,";serif";; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Este trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa em nível de doutorado que investigou como a universidade contribui para legitimar a lógica do capital, por meio da pesquisa em ciências da religião. Foram analisadas 07 dissertações produzidas em duas universidades brasileiras. Embora focalizando a constituição desta temática na atualidade, não perdemos de vista o quanto, desde o medievo, a teologia foi utilizada pela nobreza e pelo clero, precedendo ou anunciando a atual forma de apropriação desse conhecimento pela classe hegemônica. Detectamos no contexto atual uma retomada ou o estreitamento da relação entre a religião e mercado com mediação da Universidade, agora, não mais a serviço da nobreza e do clero, mas dos empresários.
Highly Stretchable Carbon Nanotube Fibers with Tunable and Stable Light Emission
Authors: Sun Yuping , Li Shuhui , Shang Yuanyuan , Hou Siyu , Chang Shulong , Shi Enzheng , Cao Anyuan
Published: January 2019

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess intriguing photoluminescence properties, and CNT fibers emit strong incandescent light thus act as macroscopic light sources. So far, straight‐shaped CNT fibers are a focus of study and their emission properties are elucidated. Here, the authors show that helical‐shaped single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) fibers produce uniform and stable incandescent light along the entire fiber under moderate voltages, and the emission intensity is tailored over a wide range by the applied voltage and the elongation of the fiber (up to ≈70% strain), and in a reversible way during mechanical deformation. Their highly stretchable SWNT fibers with tunable light emission have promising applications in emerging research areas such as wearable electronics and high‐performance optoelectronic fiber systems.
Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Yang Lijun , Shui Jianglan , Du Lei , Shao Yuyan , Liu Jun , Dai Liming , Hu Zheng
Published: January 2019

Replacing precious platinum with earth‐abundant materials for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells has been the objective worldwide for several decades. In the last 10 years, the fastest‐growing branch in this area has been carbon‐based metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts. Great progress has been made in promoting the performance and understanding the underlying fundamentals. Here, a comprehensive review of this field is presented by emphasizing the emerging issues including the predictive design and controllable construction of porous structures and doping configurations, mechanistic understanding from the model catalysts, integrated experimental and theoretical studies, and performance evaluation in full cells. Centering on these topics, the most up‐to‐date results are presented, along with remarks and perspectives for the future development of carbon‐based metal‐free ORR electrocatalysts.
Hollow Functional Materials Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks: Synthetic Strategies, Conversion Mechanisms, and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Cai Ze‐Xing , Wang Zhong‐Li , Kim Jeonghun , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: January 2019

Hollow materials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), by virtue of their controllable configuration, composition, porosity, and specific surface area, have shown fascinating physicochemical properties and widespread applications, especially in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Here, the recent advances in the controllable synthesis are discussed, mainly focusing on the conversion mechanisms from MOFs to hollow‐structured materials. The synthetic strategies of MOF‐derived hollow‐structured materials are broadly sorted into two categories: the controllable synthesis of hollow MOFs and subsequent pyrolysis into functional materials, and the controllable conversion of solid MOFs with predesigned composition and morphology into hollow structures. Based on the formation processes of hollow MOFs and the conversion processes of solid MOFs, the synthetic strategies are further conceptually grouped into six categories: template‐mediated assembly, stepped dissolution–regrowth, selective chemical etching, interfacial ion exchange, heterogeneous contraction, and self‐catalytic pyrolysis. By analyzing and discussing 14 types of reaction processes in detail, a systematic mechanism of conversion from MOFs to hollow‐structured materials is exhibited. Afterward, the applications of these hollow structures as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, hybrid supercapacitors, and electrocatalysis are presented. Finally, an outlook on the emergent challenges and future developments in terms of their controllable fabrications and electrochemical applications is further discussed.
Diluted Oxide Interfaces with Tunable Ground States
Authors: Gan Yulin , Christensen Dennis Valbjørn , Zhang Yu , Zhang Hongrui , Krishnan Dileep , Zhong Zhicheng , Niu Wei , Carrad Damon James , Norrman Kion , von Soosten Merlin , Jespersen Thomas Sand , Shen Baogen , Gauquelin Nicolas , Verbeeck Johan , Sun Jirong , Pryds Nini , Chen Yunzhong
Published: January 2019

The metallic interface between two oxide insulators, such as LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO), provides new opportunities for electronics and spintronics. However, due to the presence of multiple orbital populations, tailoring the interfacial properties such as the ground state and metal‐insulator transitions remains challenging. Here, an unforeseen tunability of the phase diagram of LAO/STO is reported by alloying LAO with a ferromagnetic LaMnO3 insulator without forming lattice disorder and at the same time without changing the polarity of the system. By increasing the Mn‐doping level, x, of LaAl1−xMnxO3/STO (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), the interface undergoes a Lifshitz transition at x = 0.225 across a critical carrier density of nc = 2.8 × 1013 cm−2, where a peak TSC ≈255 mK of superconducting transition temperature is observed. Moreover, the LaAl1−xMnxO3 turns ferromagnetic at x ≥ 0.25. Remarkably, at x = 0.3, where the metallic interface is populated by only dxy electrons and just before it becomes insulating, a same device with both signatures of superconductivity and clear anomalous Hall effect (7.6 × 1012 cm−2 < ns ≤ 1.1 × 1013 cm−2) is achieved reproducibly. This provides a unique and effective way to tailor oxide interfaces for designing on‐demand electronic and spintronic devices.
Hydrophilic, Red‐Emitting, and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter for Time‐Resolved Luminescence Imaging by Mitochondrion‐Induced Aggregation in Living Cells
Authors: Ni Fan , Zhu Zece , Tong Xiao , Zeng Weixuan , An Kebin , Wei Danqing , Gong Shaolong , Zhao Qiang , Zhou Xiang , Yang Chuluo
Published: January 2019

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have provided new strategies for time‐resolved luminescence imaging (TRLI); however, the development of hydrophilic TADF luminophores for specific imaging in cells remains a substantial challenge. In this study, a mitochondria‐induced aggregation strategy for TRLI is proposed with the design and utilization of the hydrophilic TADF luminophore ((10‐(1,3‐dioxo‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐6‐yl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridin‐2‐yl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (NID‐TPP). Using a nonconjugated linker to introduce a triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) group into the 6‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)‐2‐phenyl‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinoline‐1,3(2H)‐dione (NID) TADF luminophore preserves the TADF emission of NID‐TPP. NID‐TPP shows clear aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence enhancement behavior, which provides a practical strategy for long‐lived delayed fluorescence emission in an oxygen‐containing environment. Finally, the designed mitochondrion‐targeting TPP+ group in NID‐TPP induces the adequate accumulation of NID‐TPP and results in the first reported TADF‐based time‐resolved luminescence imaging and two‐photon imaging of mitochondria in living cells.
Abnormal bone mineral content and density in people with tetrasomy 18p
Authors: Moreira Alvaro , Das Hrishikesh , Hasi‐Zogaj Minire , Soileau Bridgette , Hill Annice , Bruder Jan M. , Hale Daniel E. , Cody Jannine D.
Published: January 2019

Tetrasomy 18p is a rare chromosomal abnormality, resulting from an additional iso‐chromosome composed of two copies of the short arm. It is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, neuromuscular dysfunction, and developmental delay. The Chromosome 18 Clinical Research Center has established the largest cohort of individuals with this rare genetic condition. Here, we describe a case series of 21 individuals with tetrasomy 18p who have a previously unreported clinical finding: low bone mineral density. Most individuals met criteria for low bone density despite being relatively young (mean age of 21 years). Clinicians providing care to individuals affected by Tetrasomy 18p should be aware of their increased risk for decreased bone density and pathological fractures.