bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influx of persons seeking international protection in Poland compared to other EU states during the EU migration crisis (2014–2016)
Authors: ADAMCZYK ANITA
Published: July 2018

Przedmiotem rozważań niniejszego artykułu są zagadnienia związane z kryzysem migracyjnym w UE w latach 2014–2016. W artykule została dokonana analiza ilościowa zjawiska uchodźctwa do państw UE, w tym i Polski. W artykule przedstawiono reakcję społeczeństw poszczególnych państw unijnych na napływ osób poszukujących ochrony międzynarodowej po 2014 roku oraz próby rozwiązania problemu imigracyjnego na poziomie UE. Uwypuklono w nim zjawisko napływu do Polski osób szukających schronienia oraz przeanalizowano pochodzenie i stan liczebny osób, które w badanym okresie otrzymały ochronę międzynarodową na podstawie różnych decyzji prawnych.
Stosunki Unia Europejska – Chiny w XXI wieku
Authors: FISZER JÓZEF M.
Published: July 2018

Nie ulega wątpliwości, że zarówno Unia Europejska, jak i Chiny odgrywają dziś – obok Stanów Zjednoczonych – główne role na arenie międzynarodowej. We wzajemnych relacjach mają status partnerów strategicznych i starają się rozwijać współpracę we wszystkich dziedzinach, ale też występują między nimi różnice zdań i stanowisk w wielu istotnych sprawach. Na łamach niniejszego artykułu próbuję pokazać przesłanki, szanse i zagrożenia dla obu tych aktorów na arenie międzynarodowej oraz ich wzajemne relacje dziś i w przyszłości. Ponadto próbuję zweryfikować kontrowersyjną – moim zdaniem – hipotezę, lansowaną przez wielu badaczy, a która zakłada, że wiek XXI będzie wiekiem Azji, czyli de facto Chin. Na temat współczesnych Chin i ich roli na arenie międzynarodowej oraz stosunków z Unią Europejską ukazało się już dużo publikacji na całym świecie, ale wciąż nie wiemy dokąd tak naprawdę Chiny zmierzają i czy Unia Europejska nie rozpadnie się w XXI wieku? Istnieją też wątpliwości odnośnie chińskiego „zwrotu w kierunku multilateralizmu”. Zdaniem niektórych badaczy, ma on całkowicie pozorny charakter i służy tylko do kamuflowania dalekosiężnych celów ChRL, czyli przejęcia przez nią kontroli nad światem w drugiej połowie XXI wieku.
Market protection policy of the European Union against imports from China
Authors: SKRZYPCZYŃSKA JOANNA
Published: July 2018

Celem artykułu jest analiza polityki handlowej Unii Europejskiej wobec Chin w kontekście zmian jakie są związane z wygaśnięciem okresu przejściowego członkostwa Chin w WTO, które nastąpiło w grudniu 2016 roku. Wygaśnięcie owego okresu przejściowego wymusza na Unii Europejskiej pewne zamiany zwłaszcza w postępowaniach antydumpingowych. Dla zrealizowania celu pracy przyjęto że przyznanie lub nie statusu gospodarki rynkowej Chinom jest przede wszystkim decyzją polityczną wymagającą uwzględniani sprzecznych interesów państw członkowskich UE.
A century after: the Norwegian language reform of 1917 revisited
Authors: Jahr Ernst Håkon
Published: July 2018

A century after: the Norwegian language reform of 1917 revisited
Nazwy osobowe żeńskie we współczesnym języku duńskim
Authors: Rajnik Eugeniusz
Published: July 2018

Nazwy osobowe żeńskie we współczesnym języku duńskim
Doctor-patient communication: towards an outline of medical English didactics
Authors: Wiertlewska Janina
Published: July 2018

Doctor-patient communication: towards an outline of medical English didactics
The balance between clinical and administrative leadership in forensic psychiatry
Authors: Dakers-Hayward Marilyn
Published: July 2018

Marylin Dakers-Hayward is the Clinical Director of the Forensic Psychiatry Program at St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton. This program has 5 units; one secure, one undesignated, two general and one assessment, for a total of 114 beds. The program also has a forensic outpatient clinic which includes forensic outpatient rehabilitation program, aggression clinic, and sexual behaviour clinic.
Successful Chest Radiograph Reduction by Using Quality Improvement Methodology for Children With Asthma
Authors: Watnick Caroline S. , Arnold Donald H. , Latuska Richard , O’Connor Michael , Johnson David P.
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Implementation of an asthma clinical practice guideline did not achieve desired chest radiograph (CXR) usage goals. We attempt to use quality improvement methodology to decrease the percentage of CXRs obtained for pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbations from 29.3% to <20% and to evaluate whether decreases in CXR use are associated with decreased antibiotic use.

METHODS:

We included all children ≥2 years old at our children’s hospital with primary billing codes for asthma from May 2013 to April 2017. A multidisciplinary team tested targeted interventions on the basis of 3 key drivers aimed at reducing CXRs. We used statistical process control charts to study measures. The primary measure was the percentage of patients with an acute asthma exacerbation who were undergoing a CXR. The secondary measure was percentage of patients receiving systemic antibiotics. Balancing measures were all-cause, 3-day return emergency department visits and the percentage of pneumonia and/or asthma codiagnosis encounters.

RESULTS:

We included 6680 consecutive patients with 1539 CXRs. Implementation of an asthma clinical practice guideline was associated with decreased CXR use from 29.3% to 23.0%. Targeted interventions were associated with further reduction to 16.0%. For subset analyses, CXR use decreased from 21.3% to 12.5% for treat-and-release patients and from 53.5% to 31.1% for admitted patients. Antibiotic use varied slightly without temporal association with interventions or CXR reduction. There were no adverse changes in balancing measures.

CONCLUSIONS:

Quality improvement methodology and targeted interventions are associated with a sustained reduction in CXR use in pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbations. Reduction of CXRs is not associated with decreased antibiotic use.
Radio Kraków jako medium cieszące się dużym zaufaniem społecznym – analiza serwisów informacyjnych
Authors: Cymanow-Sosin Klaudia
Published: July 2018

Artykuł jest próbą oceny jednej ze stacji regionalnych – Radia Kraków, pod kątem poziomu zaufania społecznego, jakim cieszy się ono w opinii odbiorców. Autorka wychodząc od analiz dostępnych publicznie sondaży opinii publicznej przechodzi do badań na podstawie własnego monitoringu przekazywanych na żywo serwisów informacyjnych w tym medium oraz interpretacji funkcjonujących na stronie radia treści, zawartych w zakładce Wiadomości. Celem jest określenie zasad, jakimi kierują się twórcy medium w procesie budowania relacji zewnętrznych z potencjalnymi i rzeczywistymi odbiorcami rozgłośni. Ocena poziomu jakości przygotowywanych informacji oraz reguł ich upubliczniania pozwala na korelację wyników własnych dociekań z tendencjami ogólnymi, zgodnie z którymi medium radiowe w dalszym ciągu cieszy się największym zaufaniem odbiorców, spośród wszystkich nadawców w przestrzeni komunikacji masowej – od prasy, poprzez media elektroniczne, aż po nowe media.
Seniorzy nauczycielami patriotyzmu
Authors: Małyska Aldona
Published: July 2018

Doświadczenie, znajomość historii i mądrość życiowa to największe zalety starości. Są one szczególnie znaczące w wychowaniu młodszego pokolenia, formowaniu go i przekazywaniu tradycji. W opracowaniu podjęto próbę przedstawienia znaczenia dziadków dla kształtowania postawy patriotycznej ich wnuków. Opisano patriotyzm, relacje międzypokoleniowe w rodzinie i oddziaływanie tradycji na wychowanie młodego pokolenia oraz zadania osób starszych z tym związane. W artykule przedstawiono także wyniki badań na ten temat przeprowadzone wśród studentów.
Religijność osób starszych w Polsce. Wyniki badań statystycznych
Authors: Ulman Paweł
Published: July 2018

Religijność osób starszych jest zjawiskiem powszechnym, szczególnie widocznym w Polsce. Ludzie starsi odnajdują w religii i jej praktykowaniu źródło swojego życia duchowego i fundament sensu życia. Zaspokajanie tych potrzeb osób starszych jest nie tylko wyrazem szacunku dla godności człowieka, ale jest zadaniem społecznym dla państwa, społeczeństwa, rodzin, wspólnot religijnych i Kościoła. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o poziom i zróżnicowanie religijności osób starszych w Polsce. Cel ten zostanie zrealizowany przy wykorzystaniu danych statystycznych pochodzących z badań polskiej statystyki publicznej oraz międzynarodowego badania European Social Survey. Badania te pozwalają odpowiedzieć tylko częściowo na sformułowane powyżej pytania badawcze.
Análise da Influência de Parâmetros de Soldagem em Características Microestruturais e Mecânicas de Juntas Soldadas de um Tubo de Aço API X70Q para Aplicação Sour Service
Authors: Paula Mariana Pessoa Medeiros de , Modenesi Paulo José , Trindade Vicente Braz
Published: July 2018

Resumo O aço X70 é um material que possui boa relação entre resistência mecânica e tenacidade, sendo um grau bastante utilizado em condução/transporte de óleo e gás. Com o objetivo de avaliar a soldabilidade deste material, características microestruturais e mecânicas foram avaliadas ao longo da seção transversal de juntas obtidas por soldagem pelos processos GTAW (raiz) e GMAW (preenchimento), de tubos sem costura de aço API 5L X70QS. Os segmentos de tubos, usinados em chanfro J, foram soldados com rotação circunferencial de modo a manter a posição de soldagem sempre plana, sendo utilizados neste estudo três valores para o aporte térmico. Corpos de prova foram confeccionados para ensaios de tração, dureza Vickers, impacto e análise química, além de caracterização metalográfica no metal de base e nas juntas soldadas. O grau X70QS obtido e soldado com diferentes aportes térmicos apresentou excelente comportamento mecânico e em especial, baixo dureza na região da ZTA.
Truncating Temporal Differences: On the Efficient Implementation of TD(lambda) for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Cichosz P.
Published: July 2018

Temporal difference (TD) methods constitute a class of methods for learning predictions in multi-step prediction problems, parameterized by a recency factor lambda. Currently the most important application of these methods is to temporal credit assignment in reinforcement learning. Well known reinforcement learning algorithms, such as AHC or Q-learning, may be viewed as instances of TD learning. This paper examines the issues of the efficient and general implementation of TD(lambda) for arbitrary lambda, for use with reinforcement learning algorithms optimizing the discounted sum of rewards. The traditional approach, based on eligibility traces, is argued to suffer from both inefficiency and lack of generality. The TTD (Truncated Temporal Differences) procedure is proposed as an alternative, that indeed only approximates TD(lambda), but requires very little computation per action and can be used with arbitrary function representation methods. The idea from which it is derived is fairly simple and not new, but probably unexplored so far. Encouraging experimental results are presented, suggesting that using lambda > 0 with the TTD procedure allows one to obtain a significant learning speedup at essentially the same cost as usual TD(0) learning.
Pac-learning Recursive Logic Programs: Negative Results
Authors: Cohen W. W.
Published: July 2018

In a companion paper it was shown that the class of constant-depth determinate k-ary recursive clauses is efficiently learnable. In this paper we present negative results showing that any natural generalization of this class is hard to learn in Valiant's model of pac-learnability. In particular, we show that the following program classes are cryptographically hard to learn: programs with an unbounded number of constant-depth linear recursive clauses; programs with one constant-depth determinate clause containing an unbounded number of recursive calls; and programs with one linear recursive clause of constant locality. These results immediately imply the non-learnability of any more general class of programs. We also show that learning a constant-depth determinate program with either two linear recursive clauses or one linear recursive clause and one non-recursive clause is as hard as learning boolean DNF. Together with positive results from the companion paper, these negative results establish a boundary of efficient learnability for recursive function-free clauses.
Practical Methods for Proving Termination of General Logic Programs
Authors: Marchiori E.
Published: July 2018

Termination of logic programs with negated body atoms (here called general logic programs) is an important topic. One reason is that many computational mechanisms used to process negated atoms, like Clark's negation as failure and Chan's constructive negation, are based on termination conditions. This paper introduces a methodology for proving termination of general logic programs w.r.t. the Prolog selection rule. The idea is to distinguish parts of the program depending on whether or not their termination depends on the selection rule. To this end, the notions of low-, weakly up-, and up-acceptable program are introduced. We use these notions to develop a methodology for proving termination of general logic programs, and show how interesting problems in non-monotonic reasoning can be formalized and implemented by means of terminating general logic programs.
Quantum Computing and Phase Transitions in Combinatorial Search
Authors: Hogg T.
Published: July 2018

We introduce an algorithm for combinatorial search on quantum computers that is capable of significantly concentrating amplitude into solutions for some NP search problems, on average. This is done by exploiting the same aspects of problem structure as used by classical backtrack methods to avoid unproductive search choices. This quantum algorithm is much more likely to find solutions than the simple direct use of quantum parallelism. Furthermore, empirical evaluation on small problems shows this quantum algorithm displays the same phase transition behavior, and at the same location, as seen in many previously studied classical search methods. Specifically, difficult problem instances are concentrated near the abrupt change from underconstrained to overconstrained problems.
Further Experimental Evidence against the Utility of Occam's Razor
Authors: Webb G. I.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents new experimental evidence against the utility of Occam's razor. A~systematic procedure is presented for post-processing decision trees produced by C4.5. This procedure was derived by rejecting Occam's razor and instead attending to the assumption that similar objects are likely to belong to the same class. It increases a decision tree's complexity without altering the performance of that tree on the training data from which it is inferred. The resulting more complex decision trees are demonstrated to have, on average, for a variety of common learning tasks, higher predictive accuracy than the less complex original decision trees. This result raises considerable doubt about the utility of Occam's razor as it is commonly applied in modern machine learning.
Mean Field Theory for Sigmoid Belief Networks
Authors: Saul L. K. , Jaakkola T. , Jordan M. I.
Published: July 2018

We develop a mean field theory for sigmoid belief networks based on ideas from statistical mechanics. Our mean field theory provides a tractable approximation to the true probability distribution in these networks; it also yields a lower bound on the likelihood of evidence. We demonstrate the utility of this framework on a benchmark problem in statistical pattern recognition---the classification of handwritten digits.
Improved Use of Continuous Attributes in C4.5
Authors: Quinlan J. R.
Published: July 2018

A reported weakness of C4.5 in domains with continuous attributes is addressed by modifying the formation and evaluation of tests on continuous attributes. An MDL-inspired penalty is applied to such tests, eliminating some of them from consideration and altering the relative desirability of all tests. Empirical trials show that the modifications lead to smaller decision trees with higher predictive accuracies. Results also confirm that a new version of C4.5 incorporating these changes is superior to recent approaches that use global discretization and that construct small trees with multi-interval splits.
Defining Relative Likelihood in Partially-Ordered Preferential Structures
Authors: Halpern J. Y.
Published: July 2018

Starting with a likelihood or preference order on worlds, we extend it to a likelihood ordering on sets of worlds in a natural way, and examine the resulting logic. Lewis earlier considered such a notion of relative likelihood in the context of studying counterfactuals, but he assumed a total preference order on worlds. Complications arise when examining partial orders that are not present for total orders. There are subtleties involving the exact approach to lifting the order on worlds to an order on sets of worlds. In addition, the axiomatization of the logic of relative likelihood in the case of partial orders gives insight into the connection between relative likelihood and default reasoning.
A Model Approximation Scheme for Planning in Partially Observable Stochastic Domains
Authors: Zhang N. L. , Liu W.
Published: July 2018

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a natural model for planning problems where effects of actions are nondeterministic and the state of the world is not completely observable. It is difficult to solve POMDPs exactly. This paper proposes a new approximation scheme. The basic idea is to transform a POMDP into another one where additional information is provided by an oracle. The oracle informs the planning agent that the current state of the world is in a certain region. The transformed POMDP is consequently said to be region observable. It is easier to solve than the original POMDP. We propose to solve the transformed POMDP and use its optimal policy to construct an approximate policy for the original POMDP. By controlling the amount of additional information that the oracle provides, it is possible to find a proper tradeoff between computational time and approximation quality. In terms of algorithmic contributions, we study in details how to exploit region observability in solving the transformed POMDP. To facilitate the study, we also propose a new exact algorithm for general POMDPs. The algorithm is conceptually simple and yet is significantly more efficient than all previous exact algorithms.
Tractability of Theory Patching
Authors: Argamon-Engelson S. , Koppel M.
Published: July 2018

In this paper we consider the problem of `theory patching', in which we are given a domain theory, some of whose components are indicated to be possibly flawed, and a set of labeled training examples for the domain concept. The theory patching problem is to revise only the indicated components of the theory, such that the resulting theory correctly classifies all the training examples. Theory patching is thus a type of theory revision in which revisions are made to individual components of the theory. Our concern in this paper is to determine for which classes of logical domain theories the theory patching problem is tractable. We consider both propositional and first-order domain theories, and show that the theory patching problem is equivalent to that of determining what information contained in a theory is `stable' regardless of what revisions might be performed to the theory. We show that determining stability is tractable if the input theory satisfies two conditions: that revisions to each theory component have monotonic effects on the classification of examples, and that theory components act independently in the classification of examples in the theory. We also show how the concepts introduced can be used to determine the soundness and completeness of particular theory patching algorithms.
When Gravity Fails: Local Search Topology
Authors: Frank J. , Cheeseman P. , Stutz J.
Published: July 2018

Local search algorithms for combinatorial search problems frequently encounter a sequence of states in which it is impossible to improve the value of the objective function; moves through these regions, called plateau moves, dominate the time spent in local search. We analyze and characterize plateaus for three different classes of randomly generated Boolean Satisfiability problems. We identify several interesting features of plateaus that impact the performance of local search algorithms. We show that local minima tend to be small but occasionally may be very large. We also show that local minima can be escaped without unsatisfying a large number of clauses, but that systematically searching for an escape route may be computationally expensive if the local minimum is large. We show that plateaus with exits, called benches, tend to be much larger than minima, and that some benches have very few exit states which local search can use to escape. We show that the solutions (i.e., global minima) of randomly generated problem instances form clusters, which behave similarly to local minima. We revisit several enhancements of local search algorithms and explain their performance in light of our results. Finally we discuss strategies for creating the next generation of local search algorithms.
Diplonema Genomic DNA isolation v1
Authors: not provided not provided
Published: July 2018

E-mail: binny@paru.cas.cz
PLANLI DAVRANIŞ TEORİSİ İLE WHISTLEBLOWING NİYETİNİN İNCELENMESİ: SAĞLIK SEKTÖRÜ ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: TURAN Bülent , İPÇİOĞLU İsa
Published: July 2018

Araştırmamızın amacı sağlık sektöründe çalışanların
whistleblowing'e yönelik niyetlerini Ajzen’in Planlı Davranış Teorisi (PDT) ile
açıklanıp açıklanamayacağını incelemektir. PDT, diğer birçok araştırmada niyet
ve onu etkileyen değişkenleri açıklamada başarılı olmuş, güvenilir bir
modeldir. Araştırma evrenini Bilecik ilinde yer alan sağlık sektörü çalışanları
oluştururken, tesadüfi örnekleme yoluyla elde edilen 122 anket formu örneklemi
oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, PDT'nin davranışa yönelik niyeti açıklamaya
yetkin bir model olduğu ve çalışanların dışsal yollardan ziyade içsel yolları
tercih ettikleri bulunmuştur. İçsel süreçler içinde de bağlı oldukları ilk
amiri bilgilendirmeyi tercih ettikleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Tutumun etkisi bütün
değişkenler üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlıdır fakat öznel norm ve
algılanan davranışsal kontrolün etkisi her zaman diğer değişkenlerde
istatistiki olarak anlamlı değildir. Yasal ya da etik olmayan bir durumla karşılaşan
çalışanlarının oranı %36 ve bunların da %41’inin bu durumu bildirdiği bulunmuştur.  Öznel norm açısından bakıldığında ise
çalışanların sosyal çevreleri ile iç çevrelerinden algıladıkları sosyal
baskının da farklı olduğu görülmüştür. Whistleblowerlar açısından ise, çalışanların
%60’ı bu kişileri kahraman olarak görmektedir.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İletişim Becerileri Algısı İle Kişilerarası İlişki Boyutları Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Sungur Sercan Ayhan
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin iletişim becerileri algısı ile kişilerarası
ilişki boyutları arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Araştırma grubu 2015-2016 bahar döneminde Ankara ilinde bir devlet
üniversitesinin iletişim fakültesinde eğitimini sürdüren (n=354) lisans
öğrencileridir. Katılımcılardan veriler 25 maddeden oluşan “İletişim Becerileri
Değerlendirme Ölçeği” ve 53 maddeden oluşan “Kişilerarası İlişki Boyutları
Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Kişilerarası İlişki Boyutları Ölçeği dört faktörlü
yapıda olup “onay bağımlılık”, “empati”, “başkalarına güven” ve “duygu
farkındalığı” boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Ölçeklerin her ikisi de 5’li Likert
tiptedir. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin cinsiyetlerine göre, onay bağımlılık,
empati, başkalarına güven, duygu farkındalığı ve iletişim becerileri algıları
toplam puan ortalamaları kadınların erkeklere göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek
olduğu görülmüştür (p<.05). İletişim becerileri değerlendirme ölçeği toplam
puanı ile onay bağımlılık, empati, başkalarına güven ve duygu farkındalığı
toplam puanları arasında anlamlı düzeyde doğrusal, aynı yönlü ve güçlü ilişki
olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır (p<.05). Yani bireylerin iletişim becerileri
değerlendirme puanları arttıkça onay bağımlılık, empati, başkalarına güven ve
duygu farkındalığı toplam puanlarının da arttığı söylenebilir.
Halkla 'İlişkiler'; Örgütlerin İlişki Yerleştirme Stratejileri ve İlişki Çıktıları Üzerine Ampirik Bulgular
Authors: İCİL TUNCER Aslı
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışma ilişki yönetimi teorisini ardalanına alarak, örgütlerle
kamuların ilişkilerinin yapısını çözümlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda ilişki yetiştirme stratejileri ve çıktılarına ilişkin ampirik
kanıtlar arayan çalışma halkla ilişkileri, kuramsal bağlarının koparılarak sadece uygulamaları
yöneten bir anlayışla değil, örgüt ve kamularla ilişkileri yetiştirecek
stratejilere ve ilişkilerin çıktılarına odaklanan bir yönle sunmaktadır. Çalışma
ilişkideki her iki tarafın algılarını alan araştırması ile  değerlendirmiş, örgütlerin ilişki yetiştirme
stratejilerinin etki büyüklükleri farklı olsa da ilişki çıktılarını etkilediği
sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca, örgütlerin ilişki çıktılarına ilişkin öngörüleri
ile kamuların algılamaları arasında önemli farklar bulunmaktadır.
Ticari Reklam ve Haksız Ticari Uygulamalar Yönetmeliği'nin 'Çocuklara Yönelik Reklamlar’' Başlıklı Maddesine Aykırılıktan Ceza Almış Reklamların Tüketicideki Algısı
Authors: Ceylan Levent , Baruönü Latif Özge , Örs Müge
Published: July 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Reklam Kurulu’nun “çocuklara yönelik reklamlar’ başlıklı maddesine
aykırılıktan ceza almış reklamlar odak grup çalışmasıyla ile incelenerek tüketicilerin
“yasaklı” olduğunu bilmeden, bu reklamlara maruz bırakılarak reklam hakkındaki
genel ve etik algıları ölçülmüştür. Tüketici açısından reklamın mesajı, hedef
kitlesi ve rahatsızlık edici boyutlarının sorgulandığı çalışmada, çocuklu
bireylerin, çocuk odaklı reklamlarda etik konulara daha hassasiyetle
yaklaştığı, etik hassasiyetinin artan eğitim düzeyiyle doğru orantılı olduğu ve
reklamda yer alan çocuğun yaşı küçüldükçe etik hassasiyetin daha çok arttığı
görülmüştür
Popülerleşme Sürecindeki Altkültür Temsilcilerinin Yaşadığı Çatışmalar: Joker Örneği
Authors: ÜNLÜ Sezen , ÜNÜGÜR Nasıf Ali , KIR Bilal
Published: July 2018

Sosyal bir varlık olan insan, gündelik
hayatta ve iş yaşamında diğer bireylerle etkileşim halindedir. Bireyler bu
etkileşime iletişim yoluyla dâhil olmaktadırlar; duygularını, düşüncelerini ve
isteklerini paylaşma eyleminde bulunurlar ve bu yolla kendilerini ve
diğerlerini değerlendirme olanağı bulurlar. İş yaşamı da sosyal bir sürecin
içinde gerçekleşmektedir. İster bireysel ister bir grup ya da takımın üyesi
olarak çalışma biçimine sahip olunsun, bireyler bireysel ve sosyal yönlerden
yani hem psikolojik hem de sosyolojik bir varlık olarak hayatlarını
sürdürmektedirler. Dolayısıyla iş yaşamındaki kazanımlar, değişimler, kaygılar,
hatalar, kayıplar, çatışmalar kısacası olan biten her şey, bireye psikolojik,
sosyolojik ve ekonomik olarak olumlu ya da olumsuz şekilde yansımaktadır.
Bireyler, iş yaşamı süresince değişen ve gerilim yaratan durumlara uyum sağlama
çabası göstermektedir; ancak çatışmalarla baş etme yöntemleri bireyden bireye
değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada temsil ettiği alt kültür popülerleşme sürecinde
olan alt kültür temsilcisinin yaşadığı çatışmaların düzeyleri, bireysel olarak
ve iş yaşamında ne tür çatışmalar yaşadığı, çatışmalar karşısındaki davranış
biçimi, yaşadığı çatışmaların olumlu veya olumsuz etkileri, çatışmaları yönetim
biçimi ve çözüp çözememe durumu üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile elde edilen veriler yorumlanarak amaca
ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. ﻿﻿
Kamu Spotlarının Etkililiği Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: BÜTÜN Mehmet , SELÇUK Murat , AKADAL Emre , GÜLSEÇEN Sevinç
Published: July 2018

Eğitim,
sağlık, toplumsal kalkınma ve kültürel mirasın korunması gibi alanlarda
hazırlanan kamu spotları, eğitici ve bilgilendirici niteliklere sahip
multimedya içeriklerden oluşmaktadır. Kamu spotları toplumsal bir faydanın
amaçlandığı alanlarda izleyicide ya da dinleyicide doğrudan bir düşünce veya
davranış ile ilgili değişimin gerçekleşmesini hedeflemektedir. Bu değişim; bir
konu hakkında farkındalığın arttırılması, yanlış bir algının değiştirilmesi,
kazandırılmak istenilen bir davranışın teşvik edilmesi, toplumsal birlikteliği
güçlendirilecek bir düşüncenin geliştirilmesi şeklinde gerçekleşebilmektedir.
Ülkemizde kamu kurumları, çeşitli vakıflar ve bazı özel kuruluşlar tarafından
farklı temaları konu edecek şekilde hazırlanan kamu spotları, radyo ve televizyonlar
aracılığıyla yayınlanmaktadır. Planlanma, hazırlanma ve yayınlanma aşamalarında
önemli bütçelerin ayrıldığı kamu spotlarının hedeflerine ne ölçüde ulaştıkları
önemli bir araştırma konusudur. Bu çalışma kapsamında Radyo Televizyon Üst
Kurumu (RTÜK) tarafından 2018 yılı içerisinde yayınlanması tavsiye edilen kamu
spotları arasından seçim yapılarak, seçilen kamu spotlarının hedeflenen kitlede
istenilen düşünce ya da davranış değişikliğini ne ölçüde gerçekleştirdiğinin
tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan kamu spotlarının
bazı algı ve düşünceleri değiştirmede etkili olduğu görülürken, bazı konularda
yetersiz kaldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca çalışmanın bulguları kamu spotlarının
hazırlanması sürecinde kurgu, görsel efektler, seslendirme, müzik, sadelik ve
anlaşılırlık, çarpıcı mesajlar gibi konuların üzerinde titizlikle çalışılması
gerektiğine işaret etmektedir.
Spectrum of ear, nose and throat disorders among children reporting to the out-patient department of a tertiary care center, Nepal
Authors: Chaudhari Bijay Kumar , Gautam Dipendra , Pantha Tridip Bahadur , K. C. Arun , Sharma Arati
Published: July 2018

Background: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) problems are more common in children than adults. The objective of this study was to know the occurrence of various ENT disorders among children reporting to the out-patient department of a tertiary care center and to see their associations with three age-groups.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Out-Patient Department of Ear, Nose and Throat from 2016 to 2017. All the patients of age group 0-16yrs were included in the study. Informed consent or ascent from the patients and permission from their parents were taken. Detailed history taking, clinical examinations and appropriate investigations were performed and recorded in a pre-formed proforma. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel format 2013 and statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20 version.  

Results: A total of 968 patients were examined, males 633(65.4%) and females 335(34.6%). The spectrum of ENT disorders reported were chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) 126 (13.0%), Otitis media with effusion (OME) 113 (11.7%), acute otitis media (AOM) 98 (10.1%), otomycosis with otitis externa 59 (6.1%), wax 36 (3.7%), foreign body ear (FB ear) 11 (1.1%), acute mastoiditis 22 (2.3%), acute rhinitis 35(3.6%), chronic sinusitis 33(3.4%), deviated nasal septum (DNS) 34 (3.5%), FB nose 21 (2.2%), vestibulitis with epistaxis 20 (2.1%), injury/trauma 11 (1.1%), tonsillitis 89 (9.2%), adenoid hypertrophy 71 (7.3%), acute pharyngitis 52 (5.4%), chronic pharyngitis 46 (4.7%), cervical lymphadenitis 37 (3.8%), FB esophagus 8 (0.8%) and laryngitis 12 (1.2%). CSOM was significantly associated with the age-groups 5-9 yrs whereas, AOM with 0-4 yrs. Adenoid hypertrophy was significantly associated with 0-4 yrs whereas, pharyngitis with 10-16 yrs.

Conclusions: Most common ENT disorders reported were ear disorders and second most common throat disorders. Significant associations were found between disorders and age-groups.
Gênero e memória: as representações do feminino e a Enciclopédia da Mulher (1950-1970) * Gender and memory: the representations of female gender and the Women Encyclopedia (1950-1970)
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Batista
Published: July 2018

O artigo trata do processo de rupturas e permanências que envolveu as representações do feminino entre as décadas de 1950 e 1970. Considerando as discussões de gênero enquanto categoria, os discursos e as estruturas de poder da sociedade e a influência da mídia impressa, discutimos a existência dos “manuais femininos” como produtos e produtores de memória que abarcam noções de identidade associados às práticas e representações culturais. Ao final, analisamos duas versões de um periódico destinado às mulheres: a Enciclopédia da Mulher de 1958 e a Nova Enciclopédia da Mulher de 1968.
Comparison of Health-Related Physical Fitness Levels of Girls in Day and Boarding Senior High Schools in Cape Coast
Authors: Nordzro Charity , Stephen Sorkpor Richmond , Tsorhe Bismark
Published: July 2018

The purpose of the study was to find out any differences in the health-related physical fitness levels of day and boarding girls in the SHS in Cape Coast, Ghana. The study employed the descriptive survey design involving One hundred and sixty (160) respondents who are SHS girls from Aggrey Memorial Senior High School and Ghana National College were used for the study. The Prudential Fitnessgram (2002) battery of tests was used to test the five components of health-related physical fitness of each subject for the study. The scores were processed and analyzed using the independent samples t-test and the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ). From the HFZ values and the t-test statistics results, there is an indication that the boarding girls were at higher risk in respect to the health related physical fitness components tested. The day girls were fitter in all the five health-related physical fitness components tested. This may be due to the fact that the nature and intensity levels of physical activities differ between the two groups. The comparatively poor health-related physical fitness condition of the girls in the boarding house is not good at all and needs an urgent, practical and comprehensive approach to deal with it, such as designing physical education, sporting and recreational activities to be interesting and attractive for students to participate.
Assessing the Influence of Planning on Selected Instructional Behaviours of Physical Education Students from University of Education, Winneba on Internship in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Nyavor Lawson Gordon , Sorkpor Richmond Stephen , Fiadzo Simon
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence planning have on selected instructional behaviours of a group of student-interns across two teaching conditions, one planned and one unplanned. Eight physical education student-interns from the Department of health, Physical education, Recreation and Sports of University of Education, Winneba taught two 30-minute lessons to Senior High School and College of Education students. Lesson plans were developed for the first lesson (planned condition) but not the second (unplanned condition). All lessons were videotaped and employed in the data analyses. Three data collection instruments were used for the analysis of selected teaching behaviours: (a) an event recording instrument for coding teacher verbal feedback statements, (b) the Qualitative Dimensions of Lesson Introduction, Task Presentation, and Lesson Closure (QDITC) system and an interview. The results suggest that planning has a positive influence on student-interns’ instructional behaviours. For teachers in training, it seems that planning is important to the employment of "effective" teaching behaviours in the interactive teaching environment.
Effect of tillage practices and fertilizer management on the growth and nitrogen efficiency in soybean
Authors: Roy Swapan Kumar , Cho Seong Woo , Kwon Soo Jeong , Yang Jong Ho , Bae Yeong Ju , Jung Hyun Jin , Kim Sook Jin , Chung Keun Yook , Woo Sun Hee
Published: July 2018

A field experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of tillage systems and fertilizer management on the growth and nutrient uptake in soybean. The plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of conventional tillage (CT) were much higher those observed for no-tillage (NT). The highest plant height (128.47 cm) was observed in CT with chemical fertilizer. The plant nitrate concentration was higher (2.29%) in NT with green manure than chemical fertilization. However, nitrogen increased steadily in all treatments, and the highest quantity of total nitrogen (476.7 Kg/ha) was observed in NT with green manure. The NO3-N content in the soil decreased gradually just after the vegetative stage. Tillage practices and additional fertilizer application was less effective on the uptake of N, P and K in soybean seeds as compared to NT with green manure. The results postulated that NT strategies with fertilizers might influence the growth characteristics and mineral uptake in soybean.
Saving the Sustainability of the European Union, Fighting Terrorism
Authors: D El Chami , M El Moujabber
Published: July 2018

Albeit the absence of an agreement on the definition, terrorism as studied in this literature has a complex nature and diverse factors that are involved. Furthermore, dealing with terrorism has become the centrepiece of foreign policies of many countries worldwide. The European Union has a long history of fighting terrorism. Yet, the current terrorism threats have shaken the bases of the Union. According to the authors’ assessment and evaluation, terrorism in Europe, in the aftermath of the Second World War, occurs due to the unsustainable foreign policies of the EU member states. To save the European Union and to fight terrorism, the authors suggest a framework based on four complementary headlines: i) Education, ii) Social justice and human rights, iii) Law enforcement, and iv) Sustainable common defence policy. A prerequisite to the success of this framework is a revision of the Europe-transatlantic relations to address the imbalance in the EU relations with USA.
Estrategias Metodológicas Cognitivas En El Desarrollo De La Destreza Auditiva En El Aprendizaje Del Idioma Inglés
Authors: López Edison Renato Ruiz , Amaguaya Patricia Pilar Moyota , Yerovi Enrique Jesús Guambo
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on examining the application of cognitive methodological strategies and the effective development of listening skill in the English teaching process of the fourth level students room D and E of the Language Center of the National University of Chimborazo. This research had a quasi-experimental design. It is bibliographical, and it has a field and social intervention. The level of research is explanatory, descriptive, and correlational. The population under study comprised of 63 university students whom were divided into control and experimental groups. Taking into account the fact that there is an imbalance in the training of the English language skills within the execution of the educational process, it was made as a theoretical basis for the research. Later, a test and a post-test were applied to the two groups of students. Here, the application of cognitive methodological strategies was experimented in order to verify the relationship between the two variables. It was concluded that the mentioned strategies promote the development of the listening skill, considered by the writers as fundamental in the teaching of the languages.
Seaports Administration in Nigeria: A Study of Apapa Port Complex
Authors: Ifeanyi Eleagu, Greene , Joseph Akonye, Enyioma
Published: July 2018

The administration of the seaports in Nigeria rests solely on the Nigeria Ports Authority (NPA). This means that, the Port Authority plays an important role in the economic and trade development of Nigeria. Nigeria Ports Authority operates under the supervision of the Federal Ministry of Transport with the responsibility of providing specific ports and harbour services for the country’s maritime industry. Presently, Nigerian Ports Authority controls eight (8) major ports excluding oil terminals with a cargo handling capacity of about 35 million tons per annum. However, this paper examined Nigeria ports authority in the effective and efficient port administration in Nigeria, using Apapa port complex as a case study. The paper also examined the role of port worker in achieving the Federal Government objectives in the establishment of sea ports in Nigeria. The paper equally looked at the developmental process of sea ports in Nigeria, as well as the reasons/need for the establishment of sea ports in Nigeria. The paper by extension looked at the setbacks faced by the Nigeria seaports in general and Apapa port in particular since its establishment. The general system theory was used as our theoretical framework of analysis. Based on the poor conditions and inadequate state of equipment at the port, the paper suggests that the Apapa port management in particular and the management of other sea ports in general should facilitate the procurement and maintenance of the functional equipment in the ports to enhance speedy cargo handling. In addition, more warehouses/storage facilities should be built to accommodate incoming and outgoing goods and services therein, among others.
Caractérisation Qualitative Et Quantitative De La Consommation De Différents Groupes D’aliments En Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yoboué Béhibolo Antoinette , Nogbou Arsène Landry Igor , Déré Kwadjo Anicet Luc , N’Goran-Aw Zita Essan Bla , Soro Doudjo , Tiahou Gnomblesson Georges , Assidjo Nogbou Emmanel
Published: July 2018

Qualitative and quantitative study of food is essential to highlight causes of nutritional problems in order to evaluate and propose relevant interventions. To achieve this objective, a transversal survey requiring tools to estimate the quantity of food consumed per person was carried out. 417 people were interviewed in seven districts of Côte d 'Ivoire. The results of the survey showed that the average individual dietary diversity score of the respondents was 4.4. Food groups daily consumed by nearly 50 % of the population are : spices, condiments, beverages (100%); fish and seafood (93.95%), oils and fats (93.83%), cereals (89.97%), roots and tubers (87.27%) and other vegetables (54.07%). Staple foods were consumed at an average of 450.00 ± 225.00 and 562.50 ± 290.50 g per meal per person. Rice (33.66 ± 6.06%) and cassava (23.09 ± 5.28%) were the most consumed staple foods. In sum, the choice of the type and quantity of staple foods to be consumed per individual should be guided by the activity perfomed, at the risk of increasing the morbidity and mortality rate related to metabolic diseases.
Le Haut Dadès: Un Site Montagnard De Grande Valeur Touristique
Authors: Aafir Mustapha , Sabiri Aboubakr
Published: July 2018

Dades is a unique valley, defined by a long green oasis covering the extended banks of Dades river with variety of trees that embellish and decorate the oasis excluding palm trees. Palm trees are not cultivated there as the weather is quite cold especially in winter. Dades is a melting pot in which variety of high-quality touristic attractions mingled and blended together to create irresistible glamor that pulls its visitors to fell in love with the area. These touristic attractions create fairly considerable natural and cultural heritage. Accordingly, the natural environment is well diversified (gorges, high mountains, sources, etc.), whilst, the cultural heritage is well built upon significant authentic cultural legacy (kasbahs, folklore, festivals, the religious cults and buildings, handicrafts and gastronomy). Indeed, tourism is the dynamic sector in the area. Since it benefits from various assets taking in account the richness of the cultural and natural heritage of this region, including the attractiveness of the architectural heritage, the specificity of the folklore, the finesse of the gastronomy, crafts, historic sites, and the diversity of the natural landscapes. All these potentials that are, in fact, a valuable heritage, must be integrated into the development strategy of the touristic products of DadesValley to reinforce its originality and enhance its attractiveness. In short, this article is a sort of a presentation of these characteristics with much focus on the general aspect of tourism in Dades and the useful elements for the development of a touristic mountainous area.
Modelo de Coordinación de Inventarios Colaborativos Soportado en un Enfoque Sociotécnico de Sistemas
Authors: Palacio-León Oscar , Barrios-León Marianna , Adarme-Jaimes Wilson
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo presenta un modelo alternativo de coordinación de inventarios para la integración vertical entre un proveedor un almacén con múltiples clientes y una familia de productos. La originalidad del modelo estriba en tres elementos principales. La primera es que el nivel de servicio ofrecido sigue un enfoque deductivo, utilizando a priori un marco matemático definido. La segunda es que la política de gestión de la disponibilidad de la unidad de carga eficiente está administrada por el proveedor. La tercera es que el diseño metodológico emplea un validador técnico-económico. En primer lugar, se realiza una revisión de la literatura para posicionar la investigación. A continuación, se presentan los principales elementos metodológicos usados, principalmente el procedimiento para valorar el impacto del enfoque sociotécnico de sistemas y perfeccionamiento del modelo AIU en que soporta el esquema de colaboración. Finalmente, los resultados de validación del modelo se presentan y discuten en forma crítica.
Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretiminde Alternatif Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Asma Mehmet , Çamlıyer Hüseyin , Soytürk Mümine , Balcı Tarık , Çamlıyer Hatice
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı, beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin
alternatif ölçme değerlendirme araç, yöntem ve yaklaşımlarını önemseme ve
kullanma düzeylerinin paydaş görüşleri eşliğinde incelenmesidir. Araştırma,
karma yöntemde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2016 – 2017
eğitim öğretim yılında Manisa ve İzmir illerinde görev yapan beden eğitimi
öğretmenleri (440 öğretmen; özel n=215, devlet n=225) oluşturmaktadır. Nicel
verilerin elde edilmesinde, Balcı ve Tekkaya’nın (2000) “Alternatif Ölçme
Değerlendirme Araçlarını Kullanma ve Önemseme Düzeyi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.
Veri analizinde, bağımsız gruplar için t test ve tek yönlü varyans analizi
kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin elde edilmesinde ise araştırmacılar tarafından
özel ve devlet okulu öğretmenleri ve akademisyenler için ayrı şekilde
geliştirilen ve 9’ar sorudan oluşan nitel görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Her
gruptan dörder kişi ile gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler
kayıt altına alınmış ve betimsel analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenmiştir. Ölçme
değerlendirme araçlarını kullanım sıklığı açısından en fazla gözlem en az ise Vee diyagramının ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Okul türüne göre,
ölçme araçlarını kullanım sıklığı açısından, özel okul öğretmenlerinin devlet
okulu öğretmenlerine göre alternatif ölçme araçlarını daha fazla tercih
ettikleri görülmüştür. Araştırmaya katılan devlet okulu öğretmenlerinin
alternatif ölçme araçları konusunda herhangi bir hizmet içi eğitim almadıkları;
özel okullarda ise bu konudaki eğitim faaliyetlerine önem verildiğini görüşme
sonuçlarına dayalı olarak söylemek mümkündür.
Pendampingan Pembuatan Bahan Ajar Berbasis Kurikulum 2013 Bagi Guru Administrasi Perkantoran
Authors: Nikmah Choirul , Pahlevi Triesninda , Puspasari Durinda , Puspasari Durinta , Susilowibowo Joni
Published: July 2018

Changing of Curriculum involves change of substance, implementation, and evaluation. Teacher must have better preparation to improve learning quality. Around 73% of school in Jombang, from elementary to high school, had applied curriculum of 2013. However, teacher faces difficulty to prepare teaching material since there are several new subjects that never been taught previously in Vocational High School for office administration department. Besides, there are many books based on curriculum of 2013 are not sold freely. Thus, to solve those problems, teacher training and mentoring to create teaching material based curriculum 2013 needs to be held. It uses training and mentoring method. The training aims to enhance teacher competency to create teaching material, in the form of module, based on curriculum of 2013. The training result is module based on curriculum of 2013. 

Keywords: Teaching material, Module, Curriculum of 2013, Training