bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultura, sociedade e poder
Authors: Azevedo Marcela Ansaloni de , Lopes Thiago Wallace Rodrigues dos Santos , Gonçalves Lethicia Roberta Barros
Published: December 2023

Texto de apresentação do número 43.
A sobreposição de órgãos de controle e seus desafios à coordenação dos acordos substitutivos no Brasil
Authors: Araujo Valter Shuenquener de , Dionísio Pedro de Hollanda
Published: December 2023

RESUMO: O texto se propõe a analisar o cenário contemporâneo do direito administrativo sancionador em que a multiplicidade de órgãos de controle e de instâncias punitivas convive com o incentivo à consensualidade. Ao longo do texto, analisamos o recente giro teórico no sistema punitivo estatal, que passou a acreditar no consenso como alternativa mais eficiente e racional do que a rígida aplicação da sanção. Nesse diapasão, a articulação institucional deve ser reforçada, notadamente para evitar decisões conflitantes no âmbito das distintas esferas de controle e para fortalecer a função dissuasória do sistema sancionador estatal. Muito embora as instâncias punitivas sejam variadas, o infrator é um só e, por essa razão, espera do Estado, em um acordo substitutivo, uma resposta única e global para o ilícito praticado. A metodologia utilizada é a bibliográfica e o objetivo da pesquisa realizada é o de contribuir para a redução de conflitos entre os órgãos de controle e incrementar a segurança jurídica na celebração de acordos substitutivos.
O “NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO” E A EROSÃO DA JURIDICIDADE: SOBRE O PROBLEMA DA INDISTINÇÃO ENTRE PRINCIPLES E POLICIES
Authors: Machado Fábio Cardoso
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo se propõe a mostrar que as mais relevantes objeções da doutrina brasileira ao chamado “neoconstitucionalismo" são insuficientes, pois deixam de considerar o problema da indistinção entre princípios autenticamente jurídicos (principles) e objetivos políticos (policies), que é, afinal, a principal causa tanto da sobreposição das determinações normativas contidas nas regras por objetivos políticos quanto da preterição dos autênticos princípios jurídicos por intenções políticas que deveriam subordinar-se ao direito. Para cumprir este objetivo, realiza-se uma revisão bibliográfica das mais relevantes reações doutrinárias ao neoconstitucionalismo, devidas a Marcelo Neves e Humberto Ávila, mostrando que é necessário um esforço de recuperação do autêntico sentido jurídico dos principia iuris, para uma sua diferenciação das intenções e dos objetivos políticos proclamados, com forma jurídica, pela Constituição. Conclui-se que esta diferenciação é indispensável para que o Judiciário deixe de substituir-se às instâncias políticas, determinando, em seu lugar, o modo apropriado de realizar objetivos políticos e sociais.
A TRAGÉDIA AMBIENTAL DO BAIRRO RESIDENCIAL LOVE CANAL EM NOVA YORK
Authors: Burmann Alexandre , Burgel Caroline Ferri , Steinmetz Wilson Antônio
Published: December 2023

A poluição ambiental, decorrente do despejo de resíduos industriais, é a externalidade negativa que progride na mesma medida que o desenvolvimento econômico predatório. Ainda que a tecnologia e a ciência permaneçam em constante movimento para mediar conflitos oriundos desse contexto, o mundo tem testemunhado desastres ambientais relacionados à ação humana. Sob este viés, este texto realiza uma análise crítico-reflexiva a partir do estudo de caso do Love Canal para, então, examinar brevemente o instituto da responsabilidade civil por danos ambientais no estado americano e tecer comentários voltados à legislação ambiental brasileira, identificando medidas utilizadas nos EUA que possam ser adotadas pelo estado brasileiro para mediar os impactos ambientais decorrentes de contaminação por resíduos químicos. Apresenta-se um apanhado dos institutos da responsabilidade civil por danos ambientais no Brasil e Estados Unidos.
LITIGÂNCIA CLIMÁTICA – O CASO SHELL
Authors: Grau Neto Werner , Marchesin André
Published: December 2023

O propósito deste breve artigo é examinar os elementos trazidos ao debate, e especialmente as razões de decidir do caso Shell, caso emblemático de litígio climático, julgado em primeira instância no ano de 2021, na Holanda. A partir desses dados, traçaremos conexões com o direito brasileiro para perquirir acerca da possibilidade de que demandas de semelhante teor venham a ser promovidas no Brasil, finalizando por realizar rápido exame dos caminhos para efetivação do objetivo de redução das emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa.
Algebraic connections between Menger algebras and Menger hyperalgebras via regularity
Authors:   Chiang Mai University, Nongmanee Anak , Leeratanavalee Sorasak ,   Chiang Mai University
Published: December 2023

Menger hyperalgebras of rank n, where n is a fixed integer, can be regarded as a natural generalization of arbitrary semihypergroups. Based on this knowledge, an interesting question arises: what a generalization of regular semihypergroups is. In the article, we establish the notion of v-regular Menger hyperalgebras of rank n, which can be considered as an extension of regular semihypergroups. Furthermore, we study regularity of Menger hyperalgebras of rank n which are induced by some subsets of Menger algebras of rank n. In particular, we obtain sufficient conditions so that the Menger hyperalgebras of rank n are v-regular.
On a finite state representation of GL(n,Z)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Oliynyk Andriy , Prokhorchuk Veronika ,   Institute of Matematics of Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2023

It is examined finite state automorphisms of regular rooted trees constructed in [6] to represent groups GL(n,Z). The number of states of automorphisms that correspond to elementary matrices i computed. Using the representation of GL(2,Z) over an alphabet of size 4 a finite state representation of the freegroup of rank 2 over binary alphabet is constructed.
On the algebra of derivations of some low-dimensional Leibniz algebras
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Kurdachenko Leonid , Semko Mykola ,   State Tax University, Subbotin Igor ,   National University
Published: December 2023

Let L be an algebra over a field F with the binary operations + and [,]. Then L is called a left Leibniz algebra if it satisfies the left Leibniz identity [[a,b],c]=[a,[b,c]]−[b,[a,c]] for all a,b,c∈L. We study the algebras of derivations of nilpotent Leibniz algebras of low dimensions.
Changing faces: A case-based review of acromegaly
Authors: Mughal Rhyanna , Corsar K , Barker CS
Published: December 2023

Acromegaly is a rare and underdiagnosed acquired disorder. It is commonly caused by an underlying pituitary adenoma that often requires surgical excision. Diagnosis is normally preceded by ~5–10 years of excessive growth owing to hypersecretion of growth hormone. This can have long-term medical complications and result in a reduced life expectancy. Acromegalic patients present to a number of healthcare professionals prior to diagnosis, including general dental practitioners. As changes in occlusion are often a patient's primary concern prior to acromegaly diagnosis, it is important that all dentists are aware of the presentation and differential diagnoses of such disorders.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dentists should be aware of the initial presentation of acromegaly to facilitate early diagnosis.
Adults' perspectives of experiences and preferences for end-of-life care
Authors: Huang Ya-Ling , Wang Shou-Yu , Lin Chun-Chih , Thorberg Fred Arne , Wu Chiung-Jung (Jo)
Published: December 2023

Background:

Decisions about end-of-life care often raise clinical and ethical challenges, especially when the person's capacity to contribute in the decision making at the end of life is limited.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore Taiwanese adults' preferences associated with communication, healthcare planning, life-sustaining treatments and palliative care and experiences of end-of-life care.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 adults aged 20 years and above. The sampling approach was a convenience strategy in a community centre located in a metropolitan area in the Southern region of Taiwan. A qualitative content analysis approach was used to elicit key themes from the data.

Results:

Significant findings related to the two main themes of adults' experiences, including the observed distress of those who were dying and the distress experienced by the family. Other key findings pertain to personal preferences for end-of-life care, such as preferred end-of-life communication, preparing for the end-of-life and maintenance of quality of life.

Conclusions:

This exploratory study offers insight into 16 Taiwanese community-dwelling adults' views of preferences regarding end-of-life communication, preparation for the end of life and maintenance of quality of life, as well as their experiences of end-of-life care. A further exploration is suggested to elicit how personal end-of-life experiences shape individuals' health practices in advance care planning for end-of-life care.
Latest clinical research
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: December 2023

The latest studies of interest to primary care clinicians rounded up by Mark Greener
Diagnosis and management of diabetic kidney disease–Part 1
Authors: Morris David
Published: December 2023

This first of two articles seeks to explain the nature, classification and clinical implications of diabetic kidney disease. The importance of screening and monitoring is discussed. Practical information on avoidance of acute kidney injury and criteria for referral of diabetic kidney disease are covered. By David Morris
Diagnosing acute bacterial prostatitis in primary care
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: December 2023

Margaret Perry looks at what nurses need to know about this rare but dangerous condition
Clinical characteristics of Martorell hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcer
Authors: Karppinen Jesse JM , Kallio Milla , Lappalainen Katriina , Lagus Heli , Matikainen Niina , Isoherranen Kirsi
Published: December 2023

Objective:

We sought to characterise the clinical picture of Martorell hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcer (HYTILU) by describing the ulcer borders with three clinical features: ‘the red lipstick sign’; purple border; and livedo racemosa. We also aimed to characterise comorbidities and determinants of healing time.

Method:

A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2015–2020. We scrutinised ulcer photographs for relevant clinical signs. Data on comorbidities, medication and ulcer treatments, as well as method of diagnosis and healing time, were collected from patients' electronic medical records.

Results:

In total, 38 female patients and 31 male patients (mean age 73 years) were assessed, with a mean follow-up time of 174 days. The ‘red lipstick-like’ margin covered 0–50% of the ulcer margin in 56.5% of the ulcers, and 51–100% of the ulcer margin in 43.5% of the ulcers. Purple border or livedo racemosa was observed in 70.5% of the ulcers. All patients had hypertension and 52.2% of patients had type 2 diabetes. A heavy cardiovascular disease burden and frequent concomitant vascular pathologies were found. Infections requiring systemic antibiotics, ulcer size and duration of symptoms before diagnosis were strongly associated with healing time. We also found that use of systemic corticosteroids and severity of hypertension (measured by the number of antihypertensive medications used) delayed healing.

Conclusion:

Our data suggest that ‘the red lipstick sign’ could be a novel diagnostic feature in HYTILUs alongside purple border, livedo racemosa and necrotic/fibrinous ulcer bed. The results also elucidated HYTILU comorbidities, and showed that infections and delay in diagnosis impeded healing.
Exploring the Emotional Geographies of Teacher-to-Teacher and Teacher-to-Principal Interactions: Toward Educational Management Policy Formulation
Authors: Delos-Reyes Carmen C. , Batoon Emmanuel D.
Published: December 2023

This study addresses the emergence of unwarranted conflicts and raptured ties within teacher-to-principal and teacher-to-teacher interactions. It highlights the neglect of emotions in relationships, which has been a gap in this research. Unlike existing scholarly focus on cognitive and pragmatic aspects of relationships, this study explores emotional geographies. Its objective is to promote positive relationships between and among teachers and principals by examining emotionality in their political and professional geographies. Furthermore, it seeks to formulate a policy and develop a program that restores ruptured interactions. This research employed an exploratory sequential mixed method. The qualitative analysis involved thematic and reflexive analysis. Statistical methods, such as frequencies and percentages, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation coefficient, were employed for quantitative analysis. The findings identified both positive and negative behaviors in the political and professional geographies. The results of the interviews produced a four-quadrant chart. Positive behaviors were positioned in Quadrants I and IV, and negative behaviors in Quadrants II and III. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a moderate positive correlation in the interactions of teachers with the principal and interaction with colleagues in both political and professional geographies. This study concludes that addressing emotional geographies is crucial to repairing strained relationships between teachers and principals and among teachers. The formulation of educational management policies and programs is a vital step toward achieving this goal.
Supplemental information for "Integrating ACPF and SWAT to Assess Potential Phosphorous Loading Reductions to Lake Erie: A Case Study"
Authors: Yuan Yongping
Published: December 2023

Supplementary materials contain details of ACP opportunity plans designed using the ACPF tool for the Rock Creek watershed, additional details on SWAT model setup and parameterization, calibration and validation, and ACP representation for the Rock Creek watershed.
Deep Learning Based Hybrid Analysis of Malware Detection and Classification: A Recent Review
Authors: Hussain Syed Shuja , Razak Mohd Faizal Ab , Firdaus Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Globally extensive digital revolutions involved with every process related to human progress can easily create the critical issues in security aspects. This is promoted due to the important factors like financial crises and geographical connectivity in worse condition of the nations. By this fact, the authors are well motivated to present a precise literature on malware detection with deep learning approach. In this literature, the basic overview includes the nature of nature of malware detection i.e., static, dynamic, and hybrid approach. Another major component of this articles is the investigation of the backgrounds from recently published and highly cited state-of-the-arts on malware detection, prevention and prediction with deep learning frameworks. The technologies engaged in providing solutions are utilized from AI based frameworks like machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid frameworks. The main motivations to produce this article is to portrait clear pictures of the option challenging issues and corresponding solution for developing robust malware-free devices. In the lack of a robust malware-free devices, highly growing geographical and financial disputes at wide globes can be extensively provoked by malicious groups. Therefore, exceptionally high demand of the malware detection devices requires a very strong recommendation to ensure the security of a nation. In terms preventing and recovery, Zero-day threats can be handled by recent methodology used in deep learning. In the conclusion, we also explored and investigated the future patterns of malware and how deals with in upcoming years. Such review may extend towards the development of IoT based applications used many fields such as medical devices, home appliances, academic systems.
The Distribution and Engineering Properties of Interglacial Deposits in Cork City and Harbour
Authors: Curtis Stephen , Long Michael
Published: December 2023

A reassessment of existing data and additional testing on sediment core samples from one site was used to study the extent, nature, composition and engineering properties of the Quaternary interglacial deposits in an area of Cork city and harbour where many future developments are planned. A clear link is apparent between rockhead elevation and the presence of the interglacial deposits. Well-defined pockets of the deposit were proven. These are found mostly on the southern side of the Cork buried valley axis and increase in thickness to the north. The base of the interglacial deposits appears to mirror that of the rockhead and the western extent of the former coincides with a steep drop off in the latter. Much of the deposit encountered in commercial investigations is a thick relatively uniform silt/clay consistent with that described in previous studies. The sediment is predominantly silt sized, but its behaviour and engineering properties are consistent with those of a stiff clay. Sample disturbance effects were found to be significant and these likely result in an underestimation of the preconsolidation stress and the undrained shear strength of the material. Future work would benefit from the use of in-situ site investigation and geophysical techniques.
Pseudo-Civic not Civic: The Abundant Double Sigloi Struck by Pamphylian and Cilician Cities (ca 460–333 B.C.E.)
Authors: de Callataÿ François
Published: December 2023

Abstract: This paper considers all the monetary issues of large silver coins struck in the name of Greek cities between Lycia and Syria under Persian rule. It is argued that these apparently civic coinages were in fact pseudocivic, struck at a supra-civic level for the needs of the Persian army. Abstract: Cet article examine toutes les questions monétaires liées aux grandes pièces en argent frappées au nom des cités grecques situées entre la Lycie et la Syrie sous le règne perse. L'on soutient que ces monnaies en apparence civiques étaient en réalité pseudo-civiques, frappées à un niveau supra-civique pour les besoins de l'armée perse.
Mn4+/Eu3+ co-doped fluoride toward a blue light-excited optical fiber thermometer
Authors: Chen KongLan , Jia Shiyu , Zhang Chuang , Song Enhai , Shao Zifan , Zhou Yayun , Deng Tingting , Yu Ting
Published: December 2023

The ongoing development of ratiometric optical thermometry is mainly trapped in thermally coupled levels of rare-earth ions and inefficient ultraviolet excitation. Herein, a new-type multiple sharp line emitting, blue light-excited K2NaInF6:Mn4+, Eu3+ fluoride phosphor has been reported as a ratiometric thermometer. The f–f transition of Eu3+ paves a steady reference to a highly temperature sensitive Mn4+ d–d transition and enables high relative sensitivity of 1.65% K−1 at 573 K. An optical fiber thermometry on a household oven with a relative standard deviation of 0.11% surpasses the standard of precision measurement, showing great potential in practical application. This discovery offers a highly sensitive neotype blue light-excitable ratiometric temperature sensor, that is Mn4+-doped fluoride, promoting practical applications of optical thermometry.
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Curtis Susan , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri , Kwon Karen , Wills Stewart , Kirkland Alessia
Published: December 2023

Colorful radiative cooling / AI improves night vision / Imaging
turbulent flames / Tracing trade routes / Combating superbugs / The
road to GPT / Cornea repair / Industry news
Research and Industry News
Authors: Cartlidge Edwin , Curtis Susan , Daukantas Patricia , Kim Meeri
Published: December 2023

Low-cost ultrafast photography / Air-based Bragg grating / Detecting
postpartum hemorrhage / OAM polarization entanglement / Wearable
glucose sensor / Enhanced microcombs / Industry news
Use of suboptimal control arms in randomized clinical trials of investigational cancer drugs in China, 2016–2021: An observational study
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Chen Dingyi , Cheng Siyuan , Liang Zhizhou , Yang Lu , Li Qian , Bai Lin , Li Huangqianyu , Liu Wei , Shi Luwen , Guan Xiaodong
Published: December 2023

Background

The use of suboptimal controls in randomized trials of new cancer drugs can produce potentially unreliable clinical efficacy results over the current standard of care and expose patients to substandard therapy. We aim to investigate the proportion of randomized trials of investigational cancer drugs that used a suboptimal control arm and the number of trial participants at risk of exposure to suboptimal treatments in China. The association between the use of a suboptimal control and concluding statistical significance on the primary endpoint was also examined.

Methods and findings

This observational study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cancer drugs that were authorized by specific Chinese institutional review boards between 2016 and 2021, supporting investigational new drug applications of these drugs in China. The proportion of trials that used a suboptimal control arm and the total number of trial participants at risk of exposure to suboptimal treatments were calculated. In a randomized trial for a specific condition, a comparator was deemed suboptimal if it was not recommended by clinical guidelines published in priori or if there existed a regimen with a higher level of recommendation for the indication.

The final sample included 453 Phase II/III and Phase III randomized oncology trials. Overall, 60 trials (13.2%) adopted a suboptimal control arm. Among them, 58.3% (35/60) used comparators that were not recommended by a prior guideline for the indication. The cumulative number of trial participants at risk of exposure to suboptimal treatments totaled 18,610 by the end of 2021, contributing 15.1% to the total number of enrollees of all sampled RCTs in this study. After adjusting for the year of ethical approval, region of participant recruitment, line of therapy, and cancer site, second-line therapies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.7, 95%CI [1.2, 5.9]), adjuvant therapies (aOR = 8.9, 95% CI [3.4, 23.1]), maintenance therapies (aOR = 5.2, 95% CI [1.6, 17.0]), and trials recruiting participants in China only (aOR = 4.1, 95% CI [2.1, 8.0]) were more likely to adopt a suboptimal control. For the 105 trials with publicly available results, no statistically significant difference was observed between the use of a suboptimal control and concluding positive on the primary endpoint (100.0% [12/12] versus 83.9% [78/93], p = 0.208). The main limitation of this study is its reliance on clinical guidelines that could vary across cancer types and time in assessing the quality of the control groups.

Conclusions

In this study, over one-eighth of randomized trials of cancer drugs registered to apply for regulatory approval in China used a suboptimal comparator. Our results highlight the necessity to refine the design of randomized trials to generate optimal clinical evidence for new cancer therapies.
Evaluation of therapeutic effect of oral Ursodeoxycholic Acid on indirect hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates undergoing phototherapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zarkesh Marjaneh , Mahdipour Sadroddin , Aghili Safoora , Jafari Atefeh , Nouri Seyyedeh Azadeh Hoseini , Hassanzadeh Rad Afagh , Ghalandari Maryam , Tabrizi Manijeh
Published: December 2023

Introduction and aims

Phototherapy is the most common treatment modality of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of oral Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) on indirect hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates undergoing phototherapy.

Materials and methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 106 full-term neonates with jaundice who were admitted to the neonatal ward of 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht, Iran. The neonates were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (10 mg/kg UDCA+phototherapy) and control (phototherapy alone). Total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured at the time of admission, during first 12, 24, and 48 hours after admission and at the time of discharge. The duration of hospitalization and side effects were also assessed in both groups. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20 was used to analyze the data.

Results

Results showed that in the intervention group, 28 (52.8%) of neonates were boys with the mean age of 5.1±1.25 days. While, in the control group 29 (54.7%) of them were boys with the mean age of 5.19±2.26 days. Bilirubin levels in both groups decreased significantly after hospitalization (at 12, 24 and 48 hours) (P <0.001). The mean of bilirubin at 12, 24 and 48 hours in the intervention and control groups were 17.1, 13.2, 10.2 mg / dl and 17.1, 14.2 and 11.3 mg / dl, respectively. At the time of discharge, TSB in the former compared to the latter group was significantly reduced (7.74± 1.39 vs. 8.67±1.35) (P = 0.001). In addition, the duration of hospitalization was considerably shorter in the intervention compared to the control group (P = 0.038) and no side effects were observed.

Conclusions

Administering UDCA plus phototherapy reduced TSB and length of hospital stay with proper safety and efficacy. Therefore, it seems that this combination can be an appropriate treatment modality in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
Determinants of cervical cancer screening utilization among HIV-positive women, in public general hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2020: Case-control study
Authors: Gebremeskel Tsega Gebremichael , Gebretatios Merkeb Zeray
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. Evidence showes that, despite the magnitude and severity of cervical cancer, utilization of cervical cancer screening in the study area among HIV-positive women is low.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the determinants of cervical cancer screening utilizationamong HIV-positive women in general public hospitals in the central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia.

Method

This study was a facility-based unmatched case-control study conductedamong HIV-infected womenin public general hospitals in the central zone of Tigray. Cases were HIV infected women not screened for cervical cancer, and controls were HIV infected women screened for cervical cancer. A total of 800participants (400 cases and 400 controls) wereselected using systematic random sampling with a 1:1 case-to-control ratio.Data collection was done using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire and a medical record review.The determinants of cervical cancer screeningutilization were identified through binary logistic regression.

Result

Significant determinants of cervical cancer screening utilization among HIV-infected women in the central zone of Tigray werebeing in the age group of 18–30 [AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.98], living in rural areas [AOR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.26, 0.87], no formal education [AOR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.45] and primary education [AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.16,0.49], not working outside the home [AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.44], poor knowledge about cervical cancer [AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.44], and about cervical cancer screening [AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.28, 0.70], and unfavorable attitudes toward cervical cancer screening [AOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.79].

Conclusion

Being in the age group of 18–30, living in rural areas, lacking formal education or havingonly primary level education, not working outside of the home, having poor knowledge of cervical cancer and screening,and having unfavourable attitudestowards cervical cancer screeningare significant determinat factors in cervical cancer screening utilization among HIV-infected women in the central zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. Considering such factors during the design of policies and programs could enhance the utilization of cervical cancer screening in the region.
Suppression of pathogens in properly refrigerated raw milk
Authors: Coleman M. E. , Oscar T. P. , Negley T. L. , Stephenson M. M.
Published: December 2023

Conflicting claims exist regarding pathogen growth in raw milk. A small pilot study was designed to provide definitive data on trends for pathogen growth and decline in raw bovine milk hygienically produced for direct human consumption. An independent laboratory conducted the study, monitoring growth and decline of pathogens inoculated into raw milk. Raw milk samples were inoculated with foodborne pathogens (Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella) at lower (<162 colony forming units (CFU) per mL) and higher levels (<8,300 CFU/mL). Samples were stored at 4.4°C and quantified over time after inoculation (days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 14) by standard culture-based methods. Statistical analysis of trends using the Mann-Kendall Trend Test and Analysis of Variance were conducted for 48 time series observations. Evidence of pathogen growth was documented for L. monocytogenes in 8 of 12 replicates (P = 0.001 to P = 0.028). Analysis of variance confirmed significant increases for L. monocytogenes at both initial levels in week 2. No evidence of growth was documented over 14 days for the three pathogens predominantly associated with raw milk outbreaks in the US (Campylobacter, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella). Further research is needed to characterize parameters for pathogen growth and decline to support re-assessment of risks that were based on incorrect assumptions about interactions of pathogens with the raw milk microbiota.
Identification of genes regulated by lipids from seaweed Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) involved in the improvement of hepatic steatosis: Insights from RNA-Seq analysis in obese db/db mice
Authors: Iizasa Sayaka , Nagao Koji , Tsuge Keisuke , Nagano Yukio , Yanagita Teruyoshi
Published: December 2023

Hepatic steatosis is an early stage in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and can lead to the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Identification of dietary components that can alleviate hepatic steatosis is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for NAFLD. Recently, we demonstrated the impact of lipids extracted from the marine red alga Susabinori (Pyropia yezoensis) in a murine model of type 2-diabete (db/db). We found that Susabinori lipids (SNL), abundant in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-containing polar lipids, protected against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. To understand the specific genes or biological pathways underlying the effects of SNL, we conducted RNA-Seq analysis of the hepatic transcriptome. By performing comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes between normal mice and db/db mice consuming a control diet, as well as SNL-fed db/db mice, we identified the 15 SNL-dependent up-regulated genes that were down-regulated in db/db mice but up-regulated by SNL feeding. Gene ontology and pathway analysis on these 15 genes demonstrated a significant association with the metabolisms of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA). Furthermore, we observed alterations in the expression levels of monoacylglycerol lipase (Magl) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (Fabp4) in the SNL-fed db/db mice, both of which are implicated in AA and LA metabolism. Additionally, the livers of SNL-fed db/db mice exhibited reduced levels of AA and LA, but a high accumulation of EPA. In conclusion, the SNL diet might affect the metabolisms of AA and LA, which contribute to the improvement of hepatic steatosis. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of SNL.
Early Neolithic pastoral land use at Alsónyék-Bátaszék, Hungary (Starčevo culture): New insights from stable isotope ratios
Authors: Blanz Magdalena , Balasse Marie , Frémondeau Delphine , Gál Erika , Osztás Anett , Biller Anna Zs. , Nyerges Éva Á. , Fiorillo Denis , Bánffy Eszter , Ivanova Maria
Published: December 2023

The earliest introduction of livestock (cattle, goats, sheep, pigs) into the Carpathian Basin was an important step towards farming expansion into continental Europe. This spread beyond the environments of the southern Balkans was accompanied by a reduction in the spectrum of cultivated crops, changes in the relative representation of different domestic animals, and, most likely, adaptations of husbandry practices. How the earliest farmers in the Carpathian Basin kept their domestic stock is still understudied. We explored early animal management and land use strategies at the Starčevo settlement at Alsónyék-Bátaszék, Hungary (Early Neolithic, ca. 5800–5600 cal BC). Settled at the intersection of wide alluvial plains, waterlogged meadows and marshes to the east, and forested hills to the west, early farmers at Alsónyék had a wide variety of options for nourishing their livestock. We performed stable isotope ratio analysis of bone collagen (n = 99; δ13C, δ15N) and tooth enamel (nteeth = 28, sequentially sampled for δ13C and δ18O) from wild and domestic animals to locate them in the landscape and investigate herding practices on a seasonal scale. The bone collagen isotope ratios mostly indicate feeding in open environments. However, results from the sequential analysis of cattle and sheep enamel suggest diverse dietary strategies for winters, including consumption of forest resources, consumption of summer hay and grazing in an open environment. Most pigs appear to have had herbivorous diets, but several individuals likely supplemented their diet with animal protein. Stable isotope ratio results from the Lengyel phase at Alsónyék (ca. 4800–4300 cal BC) suggest more access to animal protein for pigs, and feeding in more open areas by wild boar, red deer and cattle compared to the Starčevo phase. This study’s results demonstrate considerable variability in early animal husbandry practices at Alsónyék.
‘Boys will be boys?’: Submissive masculinity and sexual harassment in the gay tourism industry
Authors: Hadjisolomou Anastasios , Walters Kyla , Nickson Dennis , Baum Tom
Published: December 2023

This article considers the intersection of sexual harassment and internal hegemonic masculinity in assessing the experiences of men working in the gay tourism industry in Spain. It reports data from 36 interviews with managers and employers in a range of organizations primarily catering for gay, male customers. Consideration of the experiences of men working in the gay tourism industry allows for an understanding of how they navigate the near-constant sexual harassment they experience from customers and how these experiences can be located within contemporary debates about masculinity. The article introduces the concept of ‘submissive masculinity’ to explain how the sexual harassment suffered by the men working in this context is normalized and accepted, despite being unwanted, contributing to the vulnerability and subordination of men experiencing sexual harassment from other men.
Ritual Care: How the Akha Take Care of Their Small Kids?
Authors: Wang Ruijing
Published: December 2023

This article draws on long-term fieldwork materials to explore a cosmological approach to the process of childcare among the Akha, an ethnic minority community in southwest of China. The article introduces the Akha definition of childhood in relation to their cosmology, showing how cosmological forces are vital to a child’s survival and health, and how this perception shapes villagers’ childcare practices. Children are viewed as creatures of both the human world and the ghost world, and human parents have to fight with ghosts to protect the life of their children. Two pairs of gods and goddesses of children pose additional threats to children’s survival and health, but they also bestow blessings and protection at ritual and daily occasions. Meanwhile, because children are born with souls, they might fall sick if their souls are scared away. Finally, there are two hostile beings associated with neighbouring ethnic groups that cause disease, or even death, to vulnerable children. To protect children from all these multiple life-threatening cosmological forces, Akha villagers have developed several ritual care practices such as daily caring acts, protective talisman, and healing rituals. These practices are meant to deal with cosmological forces, and as such, they transcend more secular dimensions of bodily and emotional care (including biomedicalized forms of care), thus broadening the meaning and the scope of what is conventionally understood to be included in the work of care by social scientists and medical professionals who approach the subject with a strictly secular paradigm.
Human rights and secularism in conflict with Hindutva: the Water controversy
Authors: Singh Amit
Published: December 2023

This article analyses tension between human rights (including secularism) and Hindutva, the Hindu nationalists’ discourse. Particular focus is put on women’s rights and the right to freedom of expression and dissent in India using the film Water and the controversy associated with it in the north Indian district of Varanasi in 2000. Firstly, the relation between human rights, secularism and Hindutva/Hindu nationalism is discussed conceptually. This is followed by a discussion of the narratives of Hindutva’s followers in Varanasi and their involvement in the controversy surrounding the film Water. Extracts from interviews of Hindu nationalists are included to illustrate this tension. The article concludes by claiming that Hindutva is an antithetical to secularism and human rights.
Fisiologia do riso segundo Aristóteles
Authors: Ramos Gall Felipe
Published: December 2023

Aristóteles é o autor da famosa afirmação de que o ser humano é o único animal que ri. Entretanto, ao menos em sua obra supérstite, ele não oferece nenhuma explicação para o porquê disso, limitando-se a usar o riso a título de exemplo para outras funções fisiológicas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste artigo é, a partir dessas asserções esparsas sobre o riso, propor uma hipótese explicativa deste fenômeno segundo o modo de pensar aristotélico.
Alceste com autoria partilhada: Eurípides e Saramago no Festea XXIII
Authors: Liz Carlos
Published: December 2023

A peça Alceste de Eurípides integrou a programação do FESTEA XXIII numa versão de Daniela Pereira e Carlos Jesus, com o intrigante título Que fazer com Alceste? A Eurípides junta-se Saramago e o seu livro As Intermitências da Morte, numa combinação surpreendente no plano da dramaturgia e da encenação. Esta notícia inclui uma referência a anteriores representações de Alceste em Portugal.
A epígrafe latina como elemento didático (XL)
Authors: D'Encarnação José
Published: December 2023

Prossegue-se no intuito de mostrar como a análise cuidada de uma epígrafe romana pode fornecer informações válidas do ponto de vista da vivência cultural nessa época. Se um texto escrito se destinava, então, ao público seu contemporâneo, um texto gravado visava o presente e o futuro. Utiliza-se como exemplo o uso, a partir do séc. III, nas dedicatórias imperiais da fórmula devotus numini maiestatique eius, «por devoção ao seu númen e majestade». Se, a princípio, constituiu ato de mera adulação, passou a ser uma devoção consagrada, que os novos tempos preconizavam. Um formulário que a Igreja Católica não hesitaria em adoptar.
El Regietheater y Calixto Bieito en el veinte aniversario de su Don Giovanni
Authors: Martín Sánchez David
Published: December 2023

La ópera es un género musical en el que tanto el director de la orquesta como el director escénico tienen que trabajar conjuntamente para crear un resultado final que variará de unas producciones a otras. Si bien el director de orquesta y los cantantes tienen una partitura que recoge de manera precisa lo que deben interpretar, el director escénico disfruta de una mayor libertad a la hora de realizar su interpretación. Precisamente esa posibilidad creativa que tiene en sus manos es lo que explica la existencia del término Regietheater (teatro del director), el cual considera que su aportación es tan importante como el texto y la música, aunque puede llegar a transformar la obra original, por lo que debe tener presente la Werktreue o fidelidad a la misma.
En el presente artículo, nos proponemos analizar el balance entre Regietheater y Werktreue en la producción de la ópera Don Giovanni de Mozart realizada por Calixto Bieito en Barcelona hace ahora veinte años. Para ello, en primer lugar, partiremos del origen y las críticas al Regietheater, así como de la Werktreue como concepto opuesto. A continuación, comentaremos las principales características y críticas hacia las producciones de Bieito. Finalmente, abordaremos su versión de Don Giovanni, comentando el planteamiento, la repercusión y el equilibrio entre el respeto al libreto y la adaptación a un contexto histórico posterior.
Al rescate de la tradición: una propuesta didáctica para el área de música mediante el juego popular
Authors: Muñoz García Marta
Published: December 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objeto de estudio la revalorización y transmisión de la música de los juegos populares de la Región de Murcia de los años 1944 a 1960. Para ello, se va a implantar una unidad didáctica basada en la música de los juegos populares.

Esta unidad didáctica se pondrá en práctica en un colegio público de la ciudad de Murcia. Está destinada a tres sesiones de 60 minutos con una clase de 4. º de primaria de 25 alumnos. Principalmente, se va a utilizar una metodología participativa en la que el alumnado adquiera un papel activo durante todas las sesiones. Se fomentará también el respeto y valoración al patrimonio musical y el trabajo grupal con lo que se pretende favorecer las habilidades sociales, la cooperación, la convivencia y la responsabilidad individual.

Tras la realización de la unidad, a través de los instrumentos de evaluación se ha comprobado que la mayoría de los estudiantes han sido capaces de realizar de manera correcta todas las actividades propuestas, consiguiendo así que se cumplan los objetivos planteados inicialmente.
Musicoterapia para niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Pérez Guirado José Alberto
Published: December 2023

La musicoterapia es una técnica con la cual podemos abordar prácticamente todo tipo de personas que tienen algún tipo de trastorno, ya sea de nacimiento o adquirido durante su vida. En este caso vamos a utilizar la musicoterapia enfocada para el autismo, en concreto para la edad escolar, de 6 a 12 años. Lo que pretenderemos hacer con estos alumnos es conseguir el máximo rendimiento de sus destrezas, sentimientos y demás, pues son niños que no responden a estímulos, no saben expresar sus sentimientos adecuadamente, no desarrollan por sí solos la motricidad de forma correcta, tienen serios problemas para comunicarse, etc. La metodología se basará en el estudio documental para acceder a paralelismos que hagan posible una interpretación certera en el plano educativo. Se discute sobre los modelos de respuesta a estímulos, pasando por el máximo desarrollo de la motricidad y el desarrollo de la competencia verbal, intentando observar el mejor modo para la expresión de sentimientos de la persona afectada.
Collaborative Approaches for Sustainable Design A Conversation with Sofie Pelsmakers
Authors: Sousa Santos Rafael
Published: December 2023

In 2008, in a series of articles titled Changing Practices, Sofie Pelsmakers argued that as a profession and as individual architects, we need to reframe our role in design to meet the challenges of a changing world. To achieve this, we must understand how to measure the impact of design, which she refers to as "design validation", and using this data to inform new designs. Moreover, it involves the ability to draw upon the knowledge of others, requiring architects to collaborate with professionals such as material scientists, building physicists, chemical engineers, ecologists, in order to address design problems as a team. This will challenge us to assume roles that are significantly distinct from those associated with conventional architects. In this conversation, we will discuss with Sofie Pelsmakers on how addressing sustainable design processes-whether in professional practice, education, or research-inevitably entails the adoption of collaborative approaches. This involves recognizing the competencies of architectural training, but also its limitations and, therefore, the need for co-creation with communities and across disciplines. It also involves a critical stance toward education, moving away from a model centered on individual design skills and the praise of great master architects. Instead, it fosters a learning environment of dialogue with students, cultivating empathy and inclusivity, as well as tackling conflicting interests. In doing so, this approach significantly influences their broader worldview. This will lead us to rethink some of the established values, as well as the very idea of creativity and beauty. It's a SUPER architecture that Sofie Pelsmakers proposes to us: an architecture capable of undoing past damages and minimizing harm, but also creating positive impacts, developed through interdisciplinary exchange and collaboration.
Patronage as Collaboration Dante Bini's Villas in Sardinia
Authors: Bonomo Michela
Published: December 2023

In 1970 on the rugged coast of Costa Paradiso on the Italian island of Sardinia, the encounter between one of the most renowned Italian film directors, Michelangelo Antonioni, and an Architect with an engineering vision, Dante Bini, produced a holiday villa that was defined by Rem Koolhaas as »[..] one of the best buildings of the last hundred years [..]« 1. The reason for its exceptionality can be understood at first glance only by considering its shape, a semi-sphere, resulting from inflating concrete and not needing any internal structural partitions, the reason for which it was renamed La Cupola, dome in Italian. The main argument of this article is that the collaboration between Antonioni and Bini was instrumental in the creation of La Cupola, and led to a surprising hybridization of architectural language within and beyond this building. This building is the starting point to tell the story of the other villas designed and built by the same architect, in the same years, in the same region, exactly by means of Antonioni's patronage. These can be understood in fact as the products of specific economic and political conditions which had an impact on architectural production in Italy of the Postwar period.
Alice Desclaux, Aïssa Diarra, Sandrine Musso – Guérir en Afrique. Promesses et transformations
Authors: Vernerey-Kopp Géraldine
Published: December 2023

Recensé : Alice Desclaux, Aïssa Diarra, Sandrine Musso (dir.), Guérir en Afrique. Promesses et transformations, Paris, L’Harmattan, 2021, 370 p. (« Anthropologies & Médecine »).
Scholars and Literati at the University of Pisa (1343–1800)
Authors: Gualandris Tifenn , Vitale Mara
Published: December 2023

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the University of Pisa from its inception in 1343 to 1800.