bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the properties of maleated poly(lactic acid) and its effect on poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanofiber composites
Authors: Ghasemi Somayeh , Behrooz Rabi , Ghasemi Ismail
Published: October 2017

In this research, maleated poly(lactic acid) (PLA-g-MA) was manufactured by different levels of maleic anhydride (MAH). Also PLA-g-MA effects as a compatibilizer were investigated on PLA/cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composites. The grafting reaction was performed in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator at constant level (0.2 phr) via reactive extrusion. Furthermore, the effects of four different levels of MAH (1–4 phr) were studied on the physical properties of PLA grafted films. We used the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and titration methods for confirmation of the grafting process. Based on the titration method, the greatest amount of yield was gained by 4 phr of MAH in grafting. Contact angle analysis shows that increasing the amount of MAH led to a decrease in the contact angle of films. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and % crystallinity were decreased by increasing MAH content. PLA-g-MA was added to the composites in two levels of 3% and 5% in total. CNF was used at a constant level of 5%. The thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were determined as a function of PLA-g-MA content using thermogravimetric analysis, heat distortion temperature (HDT) and tensile testing. All the prepared nanocomposite materials showed improvement in the mechanical and thermal properties compared to neat PLA.
Dielectric and thermal properties of magnesium oxide/poly(aryl ether ketone) nanocomposites
Authors: Pattanshetti Virappa Virupaxappa , Shashidhara G.M. , Veena Mysore Guruswamy
Published: October 2017

In the present study, dielectric and thermal properties of poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK)-nanocomposites with varying weight percentage of magnesium oxide (MgO) have been reported. The thermal properties of PAEK/MgO nanocomposites were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis and thermal conductivity. Transmission electron microscopy of the developed nanocomposites shows agglomerate-free dispersion of MgO nanoparticles in PAEK matrix. From the dielectric properties, dielectric constant of 13 was achieved for 10 wt% PAEK/MgO nanocomposite at 230°C. Further, minimum tan δ and maximum volume resistivity were found for 10 wt% PAEK/MgO nanocomposite. Data from thermal studies indicate that the incorporation of MgO into PAEK significantly enhanced the glass transition temperature and slightly deteriorated the thermal stability, char yield, and flame-retardant properties. Also, highest thermal conductivity and lowest coefficient of thermal expansion were achieved at 10 wt% of the MgO content. An excellent combination of both dielectric and thermal properties of the PAEK/MgO nanocomposites developed in the present study finds its potential application in microelectronics and electrical insulation in power equipments.
Experimental investigation and analysis on the wear properties of glass fiber and CNT reinforced hybrid polymer composites
Authors: Venkatesan M. , Palanikumar K. , Boopathy S. Rajendra
Published: October 2017

The aviation, automobile, and consumer products industry requires long-life, durable, lightweight high-performance polymer matrix composites. Polymer fiber reinforced materials possess low weight and high specific quality along with high specific stiffness. The addition of carbon nanoparticles in the composites improves their mechanical properties, including wear enhancement, which leads to the utilization of these composites in different fields. The present work investigates the wear performance of glass fiber and carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced hybrid polymer composites. Dry sliding tests for wear were conducted using a pin-on-disc wear tester by varying the load and speed. The worn surfaces were examined by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The result shows that the increase in volume percentage of CNTs in glass fiber reinforced polymer composites decreases the wear rate. The result also clearly states that the coefficient of friction increases with an increase in the CNT percentage.
Effect of oxygen plasma treatment on tensile strength of date palm fibers and their interfacial adhesion with epoxy matrix
Authors: Gholami Maryam , Ahmadi Mohammad Saleh , Tavanaie Mohammad Ali , Khajeh Mehrizi Mohammad
Published: October 2017

In recent years, natural fibers have received much attention from various industrial applications. As these fibers are lightweight, nonabrasive, low cost, ecofriendly and biodegradable, they can be sometimes considered as alternatives to synthetic fibers in lightweight composite structures. In this work, date palm fibers (DPFs) were treated by oxygen plasma at various plasma discharge power and exposure time. The effects of plasma treatment on tensile strength of DPF and interfacial adhesion between DPF and epoxy were determined by single fiber tensile test and microbond test, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphologies of DPFs before and after the plasma treatment. The functional groups on the surface were studied by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (ATR-FTIR). Decrease in hemicellulose and lignin content of DPF was indicated in ATR-FTIR spectra of the treated sample with plasma treatment. The results show that plasma treatment cleans the fiber surface and increases the surface roughness by etching effect. Moreover, fiber surface modification significantly improves tensile properties of DPFs and interfacial shear stress (IFSS) of fiber/matrix. However, the effects of plasma power and exposure time on tensile properties and IFSS values of DPFs are not found significant. Moreover, Weibull statistics show that plasma treatment could not decrease the variability in fiber strength due to the nature of fibers.
Noradrenergic Regulation of Central Amygdala in Aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer
Authors: Campese Vincent D. , Soroeta Jose M. , Vazey Elena M. , Aston-Jones Gary , LeDoux Joseph E. , Sears Robert M.
Published: October 2017

The neural mechanisms through which a Pavlovian conditioned stimulus (CS) elicits innate defense responses are well understood. But a Pavlovian CS can also invigorate ongoing instrumental responding, as shown by studies of aversive Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). While the neural circuitry of appetitive PIT has been studied extensively, little is known about the brain mechanisms of aversive PIT. We recently showed the central amygdala (CeA) is essential for aversive PIT. In the current studies, using pharmacology and designer receptors in rodents, we demonstrate that noradrenergic (NE) activity negatively regulates PIT via brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) activity and LC projections to CeA. Our results provide evidence for a novel pathway through which response modulation occurs between brainstem neuromodulatory systems and CeA to invigorate adaptive behavior in the face of threat.
Protein Kinase A Deregulation in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Impairs Working Memory in Murine Oligophrenin-1 Deficiency
Authors: Zhang Chun-Lei , Aime Mattia , Laheranne Emilie , Houbaert Xander , El Oussini Hajer , Martin Christelle , Lepleux Marilyn , Normand Elisabeth , Chelly Jamel , Herzog Etienne , Billuart Pierre , Humeau Yann
Published: October 2017

Classical and systems genetics have identified wide networks of genes associated with cognitive and neurodevelopmental diseases. In parallel to deciphering the role of each of these genes in neuronal or synaptic function, evaluating the response of neuronal and molecular networks to gene loss of function could reveal some pathophysiological mechanisms potentially accessible to nongenetic therapies. Loss of function of the Rho-GAP oligophrenin-1 is associated with cognitive impairments in both human and mouse. Upregulation of both PKA and ROCK has been reported inOphn1−/ymice, but it remains unclear whether kinase hyperactivity contributes to the behavioral phenotypes. In this study, we thoroughly characterized a prominent perseveration phenotype displayed byOphn1-deficient mice using a Y-maze spatial working memory (SWM) test. We report thatOphn1deficiency in the mouse generated severe cognitive impairments, characterized by both a high occurrence of perseverative behaviors and a lack of deliberation during the SWM test.In vivoandin vitropharmacological experiments suggest that PKA dysregulation in the mPFC underlies cognitive dysfunction inOphn1-deficient mice, as assessed using a delayed spatial alternation task results. Functionally, mPFC neuronal networks appeared to be affected in a PKA-dependent manner, whereas hippocampal-PFC projections involved in SWM were not affected inOphn1−/ymice. Thus, we propose that discrete gene mutations in intellectual disability might generate “secondary” pathophysiological mechanisms, which are prone to become pharmacological targets for curative strategies in adult patients.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere we report thatOphn1deficiency generates severe impairments in performance at spatial working memory tests, characterized by a high occurrence of perseverative behaviors and a lack of decision making. This cognitive deficit is consecutive to PKA deregulation in the mPFC that preventsOphn1KO mice to exploit a correctly acquired rule. Functionally, mPFC neuronal networks appear to be affected in a PKA-dependent manner, whereas behaviorally important hippocampal projections were preserved by the mutation. Thus, we propose that discrete gene mutations in intellectual disability can generate “secondary” pathophysiological mechanisms prone to become pharmacological targets for curative strategies in adults.
Distinctive Modulation of Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Mediated by Dopamine and Acetylcholine Receptors
Authors: Shin Jung Hoon , Adrover Martin F. , Alvarez Veronica A.
Published: October 2017

Nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell shows unique dopamine (DA) signalsin vivoand plays a unique role in DA-dependent behaviors such as reward-motivated learning and the response to drugs of abuse. A disynaptic mechanism for DA release was reported and shown to require synchronized firing of cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and activation of nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) in DA neuron (DAN) axons. The properties of this disynaptic mechanism of DA transmission are not well understood in the NAc shell. In this study,in vitrofast-scan cyclic voltammetry was used to examine the modulation of DA transmission evoked by CINs firing in the shell of mice and compared with other striatal regions. We found that DA signals in the shell displayed significant degree of summation in response to train stimulation of CINs, contrary to core and dorsal striatum. The summation was amplified by a D2-like receptor antagonist and experiments with mice with targeted deletion of D2 receptors to DANs or CINs revealed that D2 receptors in CINs mediate a fast inhibition observed within 100 ms of the first pulse, whereas D2 autoreceptors in DAN terminals are engaged in a slower inhibition that peaks at ∼500 ms. ACh also contributes to the use-dependent inhibition of DA release through muscarinic receptors only in the shell, where higher activity of acetylcholinesterase minimizes nAChR desensitization and promotes summation. These findings show that DA signals are modulated differentially by endogenous DA and ACh in the shell, which may underlie the unique features of shell DA signalsin vivo.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present study reports that dopamine (DA) release evoked by activation of cholinergic interneurons displays a high degree of summation in the shell and shows unique modulation by endogenous DA and acetylcholine. Desensitization of nicotinic receptors, which is a prevailing mechanism for use-dependent inhibition in the nucleus accumbens core and dorsal striatum, is also minimal in the shell in part due to elevated acetylcholinesterase activity. This distinctive modulation of DA transmission in the shell may have functional implications in the acquisition of reward-motivated behaviors and reward seeking.
Dissociation of Self-Motion and Object Motion by Linear Population Decoding That Approximates Marginalization
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Angelaki Dora E. , DeAngelis Gregory C.
Published: October 2017

We use visual image motion to judge the movement of objects, as well as our own movements through the environment. Generally, image motion components caused by object motion and self-motion are confounded in the retinal image. Thus, to estimate heading, the brain would ideally marginalize out the effects of object motion (or vice versa), but little is known about how this is accomplished neurally. Behavioral studies suggest that vestibular signals play a role in dissociating object motion and self-motion, and recent computational work suggests that a linear decoder can approximate marginalization by taking advantage of diverse multisensory representations. By measuring responses of MSTd neurons in two male rhesus monkeys and by applying a recently-developed method to approximate marginalization by linear population decoding, we tested the hypothesis that vestibular signals help to dissociate self-motion and object motion. We show that vestibular signals stabilize tuning for heading in neurons with congruent visual and vestibular heading preferences, whereas they stabilize tuning for object motion in neurons with discrepant preferences. Thus, vestibular signals enhance the separability of joint tuning for object motion and self-motion. We further show that a linear decoder, designed to approximate marginalization, allows the population to represent either self-motion or object motion with good accuracy. Decoder weights are broadly consistent with a readout strategy, suggested by recent computational work, in which responses are decoded according to the vestibular preferences of multisensory neurons. These results demonstrate, at both single neuron and population levels, that vestibular signals help to dissociate self-motion and object motion.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe brain often needs to estimate one property of a changing environment while ignoring others. This can be difficult because multiple properties of the environment may be confounded in sensory signals. The brain can solve this problem by marginalizing over irrelevant properties to estimate the property-of-interest. We explore this problem in the context of self-motion and object motion, which are inherently confounded in the retinal image. We examine how diversity in a population of multisensory neurons may be exploited to decode self-motion and object motion from the population activity of neurons in macaque area MSTd.
Membrane scission driven by the PROPPIN Atg18
Authors: Gopaldass Navin , Fauvet Bruno , Lashuel Hilal , Roux Aurélien , Mayer Andreas
Published: October 2017

Sorting, transport, and autophagic degradation of proteins in endosomes and lysosomes, as well as the division of these organelles, depend on scission of membrane‐bound tubulo‐vesicular carriers. How scission occurs is poorly understood, but family proteins bind these membranes. Here, we show that the yeast PROPPIN Atg18 carries membrane scission activity. Purified Atg18 drives tubulation and scission of giant unilamellar vesicles. Upon membrane contact, Atg18 folds its unstructured CD loop into an amphipathic α‐helix that inserts into the bilayer. This allows the protein to engage its two lipid binding sites for PI3P and PI(3,5)P2. PI(3,5)P2 induces Atg18 oligomerization, which should concentrate lipid‐inserted α‐helices in the outer membrane leaflet and drive membrane tubulation and scission. The scission activity of Atg18 is compatible with its known roles in endo‐lysosomal protein trafficking, autophagosome biogenesis, and vacuole fission. Key features required for membrane tubulation and scission by Atg18 are shared by other PROPPINs, suggesting that membrane scission may be a generic function of this protein family.
Clinical relevance of androgen receptor alterations in prostate cancer
Authors: Jernberg Emma , Bergh Anders , Wikström Pernilla
Published: October 2017

Prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, despite continuously improved treatment strategies. Patients with metastatic disease are treated by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) that with time results in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) usually established as metastases within bone tissue. The androgen receptor (AR) transcription factor is the main driver of CRPC development and of acquired resistance to drugs given for treatment of CRPC, while a minority of patients have CRPC that is non-AR driven. Molecular mechanisms behind epithelial AR reactivation in CRPC include AR gene amplification and overexpression, AR mutations, expression of constitutively active AR variants, intra-tumoural and adrenal androgen synthesis and promiscuous AR activation by other factors. This review will summarize AR alterations of clinical relevance for patients with CRPC, with focus on constitutively active AR variants, their possible association with AR amplification and structural rearrangements as well as their ability to predict patient resistance to AR targeting drugs. The review will also discuss AR signalling in the tumour microenvironment and its possible relevance for metastatic growth and therapy.
Comparative analysis of activins A and B in the adult mouse epididymis and vas deferens
Authors: Wijayarathna Rukmali , de Kretser David M , Sreenivasan Rajini , Ludlow Helen , Middendorff Ralf , Meinhardt Andreas , Loveland Kate L , Hedger Mark P
Published: October 2017

Activin A regulates testicular and epididymal development, but the role of activin B in the epididymis and vas deferens is unknown. Mouse models with reduced activin A (Inhba+/−andInhbaBK/+), or its complete absence (InhbaBK/BK), were investigated to identify specific roles of activins in the male reproductive tract. In 8-week-oldInhba+/−mice, serum activin A decreased by 70%, with a 50% reduction of gene expression and protein in the testis, epididymis and vas deferens. Activin B and the activin-binding protein, follistatin, were similar to wild-type. Testis weights were slightly reduced inInhba+/−mice, but the epididymis and vas deferens were normal, while the mice were fertile. Activin A was decreased by 70% in the serum, testis, epididymis and vas deferens ofInhbaBK/+mice and was undetectable inInhbaBK/BKmice, but activin B and follistatin levels were similar to wild-type. In 6-week-oldInhbaBK/BKmice, testis weights were 60% lower and epididymal weights were 50% lower than in eitherInhbaBK/+or wild-type mice. The cauda epididymal epithelium showed infoldings and less intra-luminal sperm, similar to 3.5-week-old wild-type mice, but at 8 weeks, no structural differences in the testis or epididymis were noted betweenInhbaBK/BKand wild-type mice. Thus,Inhbbcan compensate forInhbain regulating epididymal morphology, although testis and epididymal maturation is delayed in mice lackingInhba. Crucially, reduction or absence of activin A, at least in the presence of normal activin B levels, does not lead to major defects in the adult epididymis or vas deferens.
The Efficacy of Palifermin on Oral Mucositis and acute GVHD after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancy Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis study
Authors: Payandeh Mehrdad , Sadeghi Masoud , Ramezani Mazaher , Reza Mozaffari Hamid
Published: October 2017

Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common side effects after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and palifermin is used for prophylactic use to prevent OM. We conducted a meta-analysis study that evaluates the efficacy of palifermin on OM after HSCT in hematologic malignancy patients. Databases of PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for English-language publications were searched for finding the relevant studies. The RevMan 5.3 software with random-effects models (odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) was used for to estimate of the efficacy of palifermin in palifermin group compared with control group. Begg's and Egger's tests were used for assessment of bias between the studies. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis study. The results of the meta-analyses showed that there were significant differences in OM (grade 1-4) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.17; 95%CI= 0.10,0.29; p <0.00001], OM (grade 2-4) [OR= 0.11; 95%CI= 0.05,0.24; p <0.00001], OM (grade 3-4) [OR= 0.22; 95%CI= 0.15,0.33; p <0.00001], after auto-HSCT for OM (grade 1-4) [OR= 0.13; 95%CI= 0.04, 0.35; p <0.0001], OM (grade 2-4) [OR= 0.03; 95%CI= 0.00, 0.21; p =0.0006] or OM (grade 3-4) [OR= 0.25; 95%CI= 0.13, 0.48; p <0.0001],  after allo-HSCT for OM (grade 1-4) [OR= 0.23; 95%CI= 0.11, 0.51; p =0.0002], OM (grade 2-4) [OR= 0.14; 95%CI= 0.03, 0.74; p =0.012] or OM (grade 3-4) [OR= 0.19; 95%CI= 0.08, 0.46; p =0.0002] and fever [OR=0.51; 95%CI=0.29, 0.87; p = 0.01], but there were no significant differences in acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) grades, infection and blood stream infection between two groups. The meta-analysis showed that palifermin was associated with reductions in the incidence and severity of OM and also was effective and safe on OM after allo- or auto-HSCT, but did not seem to effect on the incidence and severity of aGVHD.
 
Peer Review Details

Peer review method: Single-Blind (Peer-reviewers: 02) Peer-review policy
Plagiarism software screening?: Yes
Date of Original Submission: 01 September 2017
Date accepted: 02 October 2017
Peer reviewers approved by: Dr. Lili Hami
Editor who approved publication: Dr. Phuc Van Pham
Cognitive Principles and CALL Grammar Instruction: A Mind-Centered, Input Approach
Authors: Collentine Joseph
Published: October 2017

Cognitive learning theories increasingly inform the creation and design of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) materials. Recent discussions have explored the potential benefits of underscoring CALL materials with socio-cognitive learning theories such as situated cognition (Salaberry 1996; Renié & Chanier, 1995). However, Reynolds, Sinatra, and Jetton (1996) remind educators that there are principally two types of learning theories, both of which enjoy empirical verification: experience-centered theories, like situated cognition, and mind-centered ones, such as those theories that recognize the importance of providing learners with comprehensible input (e.g., Krashen, 1982). Even if Krashen's theory of comprehensible input is empirically untenable, it is important to keep in mind that no documented cases of successful foreign language acquisition exist without exposure to some sort of comprehensible input (Long, 1990). Thus, CALL materials designers and educators should continue to explore mind-centered theories. Drawing on the latest advances in our understanding of the interaction between internal cognitive processes and foreign language learning--specifically, VanPatten's (1993) Processing Instruction framework--this author outlines principles with which CALL educators can design effective input-oriented tasks targeting grammar instruction. The article concludes with the presentation of a prototype CALL application implementing these principles.
Personality Type, Tolerance of Ambiguity, and Vocabulary Retention in CALL
Authors: Grace Caroline
Published: October 2017

Several studies have shown a correlation between learning strategies and personality and that certain personality types have varying degrees of tolerance of ambiguity. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of lexical ambiguity in CALL (operationally defined as whether or not the CALL context provides first-language sentence-level translations as a means for verifying meaning) on beginning second language learners. Specifically, it attempts to determine whether learners' personality types--as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator--have an effect on the retention of second language vocabulary independently of the translation issue and in an ambiguous CALL context. Analyses of vocabulary retention tests show that students of all personality types learned and retained a significant amount of vocabulary when verification of meaning was provided through the first language regardless of their tolerance for ambiguity. This case did not obtain for all types in a more ambiguous context. Findings support the need for beginning vocabulary learning software which renders meaning clearly while promoting deep processing.
Error Analysis in Japanese Writing and Its Implementation in a Computer Assisted Language Learning System on the World Wide Web
Authors: Yang Jie Chi , Akahori Kanji
Published: October 2017

This article deals with the implementation of error analysis for a Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) program using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. This program can be used for learning the passive voice in Japanese on any World Wide Web (WWW) browser. To estimate the range of possible types of errors in Japanese passive constructions, a survey of errors made by foreign students was conducted. The software uses standard NLP tools such as morpheme and syntax analyzers, plus newly developed error analysis and feedback processing components. The program enables learners to type in sentences freely, detects their errors, and displays appropriate feedback messages to guide learners to correct their errors themselves. Evaluation of the program showed that it can obtain a high degree of accuracy and instructional effectiveness.
Cluster Analysis Identifies Distinct Pathogenetic Patterns in C3 Glomerulopathies/Immune Complex–Mediated Membranoproliferative GN
Authors: Iatropoulos Paraskevas , Daina Erica , Curreri Manuela , Piras Rossella , Valoti Elisabetta , Mele Caterina , Bresin Elena , Gamba Sara , Alberti Marta , Breno Matteo , Perna Annalisa , Bettoni Serena , Sabadini Ettore , Murer Luisa , Vivarelli Marina , Noris Marina , Remuzzi Giuseppe ,   for the Registry of Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis/C3 Glomerulopathy
Published: October 2017

Membranoproliferative GN (MPGN) was recently reclassified as alternative pathway complement–mediated C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and immune complex–mediated membranoproliferative GN (IC-MPGN). However, genetic and acquired alternative pathway abnormalities are also observed in IC-MPGN. Here, we explored the presence of distinct disease entities characterized by specific pathophysiologic mechanisms. We performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering, a data-driven statistical approach, on histologic, genetic, and clinical data and data regarding serum/plasma complement parameters from 173 patients with C3G/IC-MPGN. This approach divided patients into four clusters, indicating the existence of four different pathogenetic patterns. Specifically, this analysis separated patients with fluid-phase complement activation (clusters 1–3) who had low serum C3 levels and a high prevalence of genetic and acquired alternative pathway abnormalities from patients with solid-phase complement activation (cluster 4) who had normal or mildly altered serum C3, late disease onset, and poor renal survival. In patients with fluid-phase complement activation, those in clusters 1 and 2 had massive activation of the alternative pathway, including activation of the terminal pathway, and the highest prevalence of subendothelial deposits, but those in cluster 2 had additional activation of the classic pathway and the highest prevalence of nephrotic syndrome at disease onset. Patients in cluster 3 had prevalent activation of C3 convertase and highly electron-dense intramembranous deposits. In addition, we provide a simple algorithm to assign patients with C3G/IC-MPGN to specific clusters. These distinct clusters may facilitate clarification of disease etiology, improve risk assessment for ESRD, and pave the way for personalized treatment.
Genotyping the ADAMTS5-P (Pfizer) mouse strain v1
Authors: Hemmeryckx Bianca , Bauters Dries , Roger Lijnen H.
Published: October 2017

ADAMTS5, the main aggrecanase, is a protein that seems to play a functional role in the development of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) and browning of WAT. These published observations were made using the ADAMTS5-P mice originally generated by Pﬁzer, in collaboration with Lexicon Genetics (The Woodlands, TX, USA).
Pengembangan Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Berbasis Web Dalam Penentuan Pemenang Tender Menggunakan Metode Bayes dan Group Technology
Authors: Latif Lita Asyriati , Abbas Said Hi , Jamil Mohamad
Published: October 2017

Tujuan dilaksanakannya tender adalah untuk memberikan kesempatan yang sama kepada pelaku usaha agar dapat ikut menawarkan harga dan kualitas yang bersaing. Sehingga pada akhirnya dalam pelaksanaan proses tender tersebut akan didapatkan harga yang termurah dengan kualitas yang terbaik. Dalam proses pelelangan sampai dengan proses penetapan pemenang lelang sering menimbulkan permasalahan menggunakan cara serta tahapan konvensional,  hal ini sangat tidak efektif melihat dari tahapan proses yang di lakukan sangat memakan waktu sehingga waktu terbuang sia-sia. Dengan adanya kelemahan proses pengadaan barang/jasa tersebut maka dalam penelitain ini akan dilakukan implementasi metode bayes dan group technolgy dalam sistem pendukun keputusan dalam penentuan pemenang tender proyek pemerintah 
Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital
Authors: Guntoory Indira , Tamaraba Narasinga R. , Nambaru Lakshmana R. , Kalavakuri Alina S.
Published: October 2017

Background: Vaginal discharge is the commonest reproductive tract infection among rural women in many community based studies in India. Recent evidence shows that the association between vaginal discharge and reproductive tract infection is weak. Psychosocial factors also contribute to vaginal discharge. So, the problem of vaginal discharge can be best understood not only in the biomedical perspective but also in the socio-cultural perspective. Proper understanding of this problem helps in initiating appropriate medical education programmes and framing health policies. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, the socio demographic factors associated with it, women’s perceptions of vaginal discharge and their treatment seeking behaviour.Methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MIMS, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. Women with the complaint of vaginal discharge were interviewed with a pretested questionnaire and sociodemographic details, details of obstetric history and contraceptive practices, personal and menstrual hygiene were noted. Statistical analysis of the significance of association of different variables was done.Results: The prevalence of vaginal discharge was found to be 28.99%. Its prevalence was found to be more in the younger age group, illiterate, women belonging to lower socioeconomic status and those who were married at less than 18 years of age. History of induced abortion, home deliveries, permanent method of sterilization, availability of toilet facility at home were significantly associated with vaginal discharge. Lower abdominal pain, dysuria and backache were the most prevalent co-morbidities with vaginal discharge.Conclusions: Improvement of the literacy rate, economic status and women’s empowerment will help to mitigate the problem of vaginal discharge.
Does mild hyperglycemia in 75gm Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) affect outcome in pregnant women?
Authors: J. Karthiga Prabhu , M. Muthulakshmi
Published: October 2017

Background: Glucose tolerance in pregnancy is fundamentally linked to fetal growth. The relationship between maternal glycemia and adverse outcomes is a continuous process, with no distinct cut off point for increased risk. The objective of the study is to find out whether mild hyperglycemia in 2 hour 75 gm Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) affects maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnant women.Methods: This case control study was conducted in SRM Medical College during a 10-month period. Mild hyperglycemia was diagnosed when the - 2hour non- fasting 75gm GTT was between 120-139 mg/dl and Controls were women with 2hour nonfasting 75gm GTT <120mg/dl. Maternal and neonatal parameters were noted and the results were compared.Results: During the study period 142 delivered women had mild hyperglycemia, of which 10 patients on subsequent blood sugar monitoring required insulin for blood sugar control. There was significant family history of diabetes in women with mild hyperglycemia when compared to controls. There was no significant difference in incidence of hypertension, hypothyroidism, preterm delivery and caesarean section between the two groups. LGA (Large for gestational age babies) (p=0.001) and serum triglyceride levels (p=0.04) were significantly more in women with mild hyperglycemia when compared to controls.Conclusions: Mild hyperglycemia during pregnancy should not be ignored and periodic blood sugar monitoring should be done to improve maternal and fetal outcome.
Evaluation of eosinophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio versus C-reactive protein levels in patients with sepsis
Authors: Khajuria Rahul , Jamwal Vinu , K. Gupta Anil , Gupta Abhinav
Published: October 2017

Background: One major problem encountered in the intensive care unit is differentiating the inflammatory response from an infective process. Clinical and standard laboratory tests are not very helpful because most critically ill patients develop some degree of inflammatory response, whether or not they have sepsis. Numerous biomarkers have been evaluated to predict mortality in critically ill patients, although none have proved entirely useful. Objective of the study was to evaluate eosinophil count and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio with C-reactive protein levels in patients with sepsis.Methods: 71 patients >18 years of age of either sex with a diagnosis of sepsis were enrolled in this one-year observational study. Patients were classified according to the criteria of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine into sepsis group (n=50) and no sepsis group (n=21). Sepsis group were further divided into subgroups: sepsis (n=19), severe sepsis (n=16) and septic shock (n=15). Absolute eosinophil cell, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts for first 4 consecutive days and then on alternate days up to one week were also noted down. C-reactive protein levels on day 3 were also noted down.Results: In the sepsis group, mean eosinophil count was significantly (p<0.0001) low, mean neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio was significantly (p<0.0001) high, mean CRP count was significantly (p=0.019) more as compared to that of no sepsis group. Among 16 mortalities, significant (p<0.05) decrease was noted in mean eosinophil count from day 3 onwards in patients of sepsis and septic shock subgroups. Mean N/L ratio showed no significant difference in patients of sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock. Mean CRP count showed significant (p<0.05) increase in severe sepsis patients and mean Apache II score showed significant (p<0.05) deterioration in patients of septic shock.Conclusions: Neutrophil/lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) came out as better independent biomarker of sepsis in critically ill patients with infection admitted in intensive care unit. Diagnostic performance was better in these two diagnostic markers as compared to CRP marker. NLCR presented with sensitivity of 89.58%, AEC with 82.35% and CRP with 80.77%. Outcomes of NLCR and AEC were quick, easy and economical in establishing diagnosis of sepsis.
Assessment of infection control practice in private dental hospital
Authors: Yadav Bipin Kumar , Rai Ambesh Kumar , Agarwal Savita , Yadav Bindu
Published: October 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the awareness and practice of infection control procedures among dental surgeons in the private dental hospital.Methods: This is an observational study conducted among thirty dental surgeons working in a private dental hospital in Gwalior, (M.P.) to evaluate the management policies and procedures associated with infection control and instrument decontamination. The doctors were indirectly interviewed by self-administered questionnaire consisted of twenty-one questions regarding the availability of infection control materials, use of personal protective devices, techniques of hand washing, sterilization methods, control of aerosols, status of immunization, asking about medical history, routine documentation of needle-prick injuries, methods of waste segregation etc. The study group was selected regardless of sex, age and field of expertise. This study was done in two weeks and in this time frame self-administered, pre-structured questionnaire was offered to professionals.Results: In this study it was found that although 95% of doctor’s wear gloves but only 6.6% doctors use protective eyewear and 3.3% use gowns for protection. The most of the doctor’s use soap bars for hand washing which is also not a good infection control practice method. There are only 10% doctors who use high-volume-evacuator but most of the time available evacuator is not in working state. Not a single doctor used rubber dam. Out of thirty 74% use gluteraldehyde, 67% use sodium hypochlorite, 54% use phenolic compounds as a surface disinfectant. Most of the doctors use non-sterilized hand pieces, burs, impression trays etc.Conclusions: The infection control actions implemented by dental surgeons were far from ideal. Efforts are needed to improve attitudes, encourage implementation, raise awareness, promote regular updating courses and motivate dental professionals in the correct and routine use of infection control measures. Apart from this, it is also important to improve the hospital management system.
Acute pulmonary oedema in chronic dialysis patients, causes, clinical course and outcome admitted into emergency department
Authors: P. A. Jimnaz , Abdul Kharim Ajmal
Published: October 2017

Background: Chronic dialysis (CD) patient are at increased risk of multiple organ dysfunction. Recent study, estimated that 2% of CD patients require intensive care unit (ICU) admission every year. Acute Pulmonary Oedema is major cause for ICU admissions, objective of the study is to determine the cause, clinical course and outcome of APO in CD patients admitted in Intensive Care Units under Emergency Department.Methods: Prospective and observational study conducted for 1 year in our institute, a tertiary care centre, was done on chronic dialysis(CD) who presented with Acute pulmonary oedema(APO) for determine cause for APO, severity of outcome by APACHE II and sofa score. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel spread sheet and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive analysis and chi square test was done.Results: Study included 100 CD patients. Main etiologic factor of CKD was T2DM 56%. Etiology of APO in this study showed as 34% are due to excessive interdialytic weight gain. Only 4 patients were assessed by SOFA score and high sofa score no patients had expired. Study showed survived patients got mean APACHE II score of 24±3.4 and expired patients got mean APACHE II score of 32.9±2.5, with a significant P value <0.001.Conclusions: Main etiology of APO in CD patients were excessive interdialytic weight gain 34 %. APACHE II score as outcome predictors. APACHE II score of more than 30 have poor outcome
Outcome analysis of vacuum assisted closure therapy in patients with open wounds
Authors: Jain Ravi Kant , Mohammad Danish , Mahajan Pranav , Sheikh Tanveer , Rege Awyay
Published: October 2017

Background: Vacuum assisted Closure (VAC) of wound is a recent trend and proven method of fast and better healing of wounds. The basic concept is the removal of blood and serous collection from the wound site with negative pressure and promoting the healing process rapidly by altering the local microcellular environment.The objective of the study was to show the efficacy of healing process in open wounds treated by VAC method of dressing.

Methods: In this prospective study, total of 50 patients with upper and lower limbs non-healing open wounds were recruited. Before the application of VAC, surgical debridement was performed to remove all the devitalized necrotic tissues and the wound was packed with povodine iodine. Prior to and at the end of VAC dressing, wound dimensions were noted.

Results: Patients mean age was 46.72±7.63 years and out of which 42 patients (84%) were males and 8 patients (16%) were females. All patients had suffered an acute trauma. VAC therapy was applied through continuous or intermittent suction on wounds and dressing were changed every second or third day. After application of VAC therapy all wounds showed improvement, which were indicated by presence of healthy granulation tissue, absence of necrotic tissue and subsequent wound closure.

Conclusions: VAC dressing in an open wound is an efficient and safe adjunct to treat severe infections and may be a good alternative to treat the open wounds in selected patients. Short time intervals between VAC changes and short course of therapy result in good patient acceptance. This method is recommended for all the types of non-healing wounds management.
An evaluation of functional outcome following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis in fractures of the distal tibia
Authors: Subash Yeshwanth , S. Prabhu Manickam , R. Ravikrishna , S. Priyadarshini , Naidu Gunalan K.
Published: October 2017

Background: Management of fractures of the distal tibia remains a challenging proposition due to the fact that the major part of the bone is in a subcutaneous location and the blood supply is quite precarious. Conventional forms of osteosynthesis are associated with high rates of infection and nonunion. Due to extensive soft tissue stripping, the vascularity is compromised and often results in poor wound healing and tends to compromise fracture healing as well. Closed reduction with minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) addresses these issues and has emerged as a viable treatment option with minimal complications. The aim of this study was to assess the functional outcome MIPO using locking compression plates (LCP).

Methods: 32 patients with distal tibial fractures treated by MIPO technique with LCP fixation were studied from January 2012 to January 2014 and were followed up for a period of 2 years.

Results: All the fractures in our series united well at the end of 6 months with mean time to radiological evidence of callus formation at 10 weeks and the mean time to fracture union was 20 weeks. There were 2 cases with varus angulation in our series and no cases with implant failure. There were 3 patients with superficial skin infections and no cases of deep infection.

Conclusions: We conclude that MIPO with LCP is an effective treatment option for distal tibial fractures avoiding all the complications associated with other forms of internal fixation. We strongly recommend its usage in these types of complex injuries.
Let the Game Begin: Ergodic as an Approach for Video Game Translation
Authors: Purnama SF. Lukfianka Sanjaya , Purnomo SF. Luthfie Arguby , Nugrahani Dyah
Published: October 2017

This paper attempts to propose ergodic as an approach for video game translation. The word approach here refers to an approach for translation products and to an approach for the translation process. The steps to formulate ergodic as an approach are first, Aarseth’sergodic literature is reviewed to elicit a basis for comprehension toward its relationship with video games and video game translation Secondly, taking the translation of Electronic Arts’Need for Speed: Own the City, Midway’s Mortal Kombat: Unchained, and Konami’s Metal Gear Solid, ergodic based approach for video game translation is formulated. The formulation signifies that ergodic, as an approach for video game translation, revolves around the treatment of video games as a cybertext from which scriptons, textons, and traversal functions as the configurative mechanism influence the selection of translation strategies and the transferability of variables and traversal function, game aesthetics, and ludus and narrative of the games. The challenges countered when treating video games as a cybertext are the necessities for the translators to convey anamorphosis, mechanical and narrative hidden meaning of the analyzed frame, to consider the textonomy of the games, and at the same time to concern on GILT (Globalization, Internationalization, Localization, and Translation).KeywordsErgodic ; Translation Approach; Video Game Translation ; Textonomy; Anamorphosis
Exploring the risk behaviour of learners in a South African private Christian secondary school
Authors: Gresse Annelie , Seaman Jayne
Published: October 2017

Adolescent learners tend to express their independence by engaging in risky health behaviour inclusive of poor eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to assess whether adolescents attending a religious school that maintains strict discipline are less likely to engage in risky behaviour. Learners attending a private Christian school were asked to complete a health risk behavioural questionnaire, which measured attitudes toward eating habits, alcohol and drug use, participation in exercise and sexual activity, smoking habits and adherence to Christian values. The sample group consisted of 117 study participants distributed across all high school Grades. On balance, these learners were more conservative than others attending secular schools and most reported healthy eating habits; 92.3% consumed dairy products, 64.1% consumed more than two fruits and 81.2% more than two vegetables per day. More than 78% exercised regularly. Only 10.2% consumed alcohol, 3.4% smoked and 5.2% used recreational drugs. Of all learners, 93.2% indicated their Christian values as having a moderating impact on their lifestyle. The study concludes with the recommendation to investigate ways in which the strategies employed by this Christian school could be promoted to other schools given the finding that Christian values translate into positive health outcomes amongst adolescents. As it seems that the strict Christian education of these learners leads to less risky health behaviour, ways in which to promote this school’s strategies to other schools could be investigated.
Opsomming
Tienerleerders sal dikwels hul onafhanklikheid in die vorm van onveilige gesondheidsgedrag soos byvoorbeeld swak eetgewoontes, rook and alkoholgebruik uitdruk. Die doelstelling van die studie was om te bepaal of ‘n skool se streng dissipline, wat klem lê op Christelike beginsels, ‘n invloed het op die voorkoming van onveilige gesondheidsgedrag. Alle leerders van ‘n private Christelike hoërskool is versoek om vrywillig ‘n vraelys wat hulle gedrag en houding aangaande eetgewoontes, alkohol- en dwelmgebruik, oefening, seksuele aktiwiteit, rook en Christelike waardes te bepaal. Die steekproefgrootte was 117 en het leerders van alle Grade (8 – 12) ingesluit. Die resultate dui daarop dat hierdie leerders meer konserwatief is as leerders in ander studies. Die meeste het gesonde eetgewoontes gehad; 92.3% gebruik suiwelprodukte, 64.1% eet meer as twee vrugte en 81/2% eet meer as twee groente per dag. Meer as 78% oefen gereeld. Net 10.2% gebruik alkohol, 3.4% rook en 5.2% het al dwelmmiddels gebruik. Van al die leerders het 93.2% geglo dat hulle Christellike waardes ‘n invloed op hulle leefstyl het. Dit wil dus voorkom of die streng Christelike opvoeding van hierdie leerders tot minder onveilige gesondheidsgedrag lei en maniere om die skool se doelwitte by ander skole bekend te stel, behoort ondersoek te word.