bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTI-ANGIOGENIC THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA AND CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Анашкин  , Anashkin Aleksey , Жиборкин  , Zhiborkin Gleb , Бобыкин  , Bobykin Evgeniy , Коротких  , Korotkikh Sergey , Березин  , Berezin Aleksandr
Published: April 2017

Purpose of the study: to study the efficacy and safety of Ranibizumab in patients with pathologic myopia and choroidal neovascularization (CNV).22patients (22eyes) with myopic CNV were included in the study. Mean age was 54.0±14.4years, axial length – 28.25±1.9mm, follow-up – from 12 to 59months (mean follow-up – 26.9±13.8months). Ranibizumab was administered intravitreally according to the label in patients with active CNV confirmed by fluorescein angiography. The treatment was shown to have favorable early and long-term outcomes. For example, visual acuity increased (from 0.25 to 0.54; p<0.01), central retinal thickness decreased (from 335.8 to 273.25μm; p<0,05), subretinal neovascular membrane area decreased (from 1272 to 969μm; p<0.05). Clinically significant treatment complications were not observed.Conclusions: The study confirmed high efficacy and safety of anti-angiogenic therapy.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL PNEUMOTHORAX IN YOUNG PATIENTS WITH CAVERNOUS PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS MULTIDRUG AND EXTENSIVELY DRUG BACTERIAL RESISTANCE
Authors: Собкин  , Sobkin Aleksandr , Мишина  , Mishina Anastasiya , Осадчая  , Osadchaya Olga , Мишин  , Mishin Vladimir , Морозов  , Morozov Ilya , Петров  , Petrov Daniil
Published: April 2017

The article presents the results of clinical studies of the effectiveness of artificial pneumothorax in the treatment of 124patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis patients and extensively drug resistance. Clinical trials of the use of artificial pneumothorax in young patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis MDR and XDR MBT have proved its high efficiency and that it can be recommended for widespread clinical use. The indications for the use of artificial pneumothorax is a cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis with the release of MDR and XDR MBT with unformed or formed thin-walled cavity not larger than 4 cm in diameter. Pleuropulmonary adhesions revealed at primary application of artificial pneumothorax are the direct indications fpr surgical burn of adhesions. With the diameter of cavities up to 2cm the artificial pneumothorax treatment is applied for 6months and with cavities of 2–4cm in diameter – for 12months. Contraindications to the use of artificial pneumothorax are cavities in the lungs more than 4cm in diam-eter, massive pleural commissures, with the impossibility of their surgical burnout; specific lesion bronchial tubes and severe comorbidities (mental illness, organic lesions of the central nervous system, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic cardiovascular diseases in the stage of decompensation, congenital malformations of the heart and lungs, chest wall deformity). Treatment of patients with artificial pneumothorax cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis MDR and XDR pathogen can be recommended for use in stationary phase in TB facilities with thoracic surgery, where the implementation of operational burnout pleural commissures is possible.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTURBANCES IN NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH VIBRATION DISEASE IN THE POSTEXPOSURE PERIOD
Authors: Лахман  , Lakhman Oleg , Катаманова  , Katamanova Elena , Кулешова  , Kuleshova Marina , Русанова  , Rusanova Dina , Панков  , Pankov Vladimir
Published: April 2017

The article presents the results of the studies of the central and peripheral nervous systems, psychoemotional status of patients with vibration disease associated with exposure to the local vibration in the post-exposure period. The stud-ies were performed in patients with vibration disease (n=18) who do not work in the contact with the local vibration at present. The mean age of the patients was 50.7±5.4years, the mean length of service in the contact with local vibration –17.9±2.8years, the mean post-exposure period – 5.2±2.2years. 30male persons having no contact with industrial hazard were comprised the control group. Electroencephalography, electroneuromyography, recording of somatosensory evoked potentials were carried out and patients’ personality peculiarities were studied. The changes of the brain bioelectrical activity, disorders of the autonomic and afferent regulation of the cerebral level, dysfunc-tion in diencephalic structures, disorders of the subcortical and cortical structures of the central afferent pathways; demyelization of the peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities were set in patients with vibration disease in the post-exposure period. Psychological studies have shown that patients with vibration disease in the post-exposure period preserve such psychological peculiarities as neuroticism manifested with inner tension, nervousness and chronic feeling of discomfort; depressive tendencies being a sign of the existing distress, and anxious-hypochondriac features in the structure of personality traits. All of the above result in formation of stable uncompensated clinical conditions observed in patients with vibration disease caused by local vibration exposure, even after the termination of harmful production factors.
EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF MULTIFOCAL CORRECTION BY CONTACT LENS IN PATIENTS WITH PRESBYOPIA AND MYOPIA REFRACTION
Authors: Рогожникова  , Rogozhnikova Elena , Селиверстова  , Seliverstova Nataliya , Розанова  , Rozanova Olga
Published: April 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of multifocal contact lens correction in patients with presbyopia and myopic refractive error. The study involved 45patients with myopia ranging in age from 43 to 56years in conditions of habitual monofocal contact lens correction, a month after the selection and wearing multifocal contact lenses. Contact correction was carried out according to standard procedures taking into account the accuracy of contact lens fitting, with carrying out functional tests for the “dry eye” syndrome and evaluation of corneal epithelial thickness (Optovue, USA). The as-sessment of the following parameters of visual perception was made: far, near and middle distance (monocular and binocular) visual acuity, the spatial contrast sensitivity, stereovision (I & II Lang test), the area of binocular interaction field (binarymeter), the quality of vision (VF-14 test ). The use of multifocal contact lenses for the correction of presbyopia with the initial myopic refraction ensures high functional results at different distances. Patients with a myopic refraction, previously used contact lenses, easy pass to multifocal correction option. The greatest satisfaction by achieved vision noted in those patients who had achieved refraction (–)0.5diopters. In the selection of contact lenses in older patients the thickness of the corneal epithelium and tear film validity must be taken into account.
GRADED CRITERIA OF DIAGNOSTICS AND PREDICTION OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY OUTCOME
Authors: Злобина  , Zlobina Anna , Букина  , Bukina Vera , Щуко  , Shchuko Andrey , Щуко  , Shchuko Aleksey
Published: April 2017

Present concept of central serous chorioretinopathy classification does not reflect the true picture of the pathological process. The purpose of the study was the development of diagnostic criteria of central serous chorioretinopathy clinical forms and basing on that extend and optimize its classification with assessment of risk factors and prognosis of disease. Full ophthalmologic and somatic examination of 56men with central serous chorioretinopathy was made. Focal laser coagulation was performed in patients with fluorescein leakage and local injury of pigment epithelium by angiographic data (22patients). In the case of extended damage of pigment epithelium and diffuse leakage of fluorescein (23people) transpupillary thermotherapy of optical disk was conducted. Detailed expert evaluation of retinal changes by fluorescein angiographic data allowed dividing the patients into 3groups. The main criterion for the division was the damaged area of the pigment epithelium: group 1 – central serous chorioretinopathy with local injury of pigment epithelium (with leakage point); group 2 –central serous chorioretinopathy with extensive damage of pigment epithelium with diffuse leakage; group 3 –central serous chorioretinopathy with extensive damage of pigment epithelium combined with leakage point (recurrence of leakage).The results of our study brought us to the following conclusion. Development of new classification criteria of the disease allows to construct a more specific algorithm of therapeutic measures and to determine prognosis of central serous chorioretinopathy already at the stage of diagnostics.
DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR THE FORMATION OF GLAUCOMATOUS OPTIC NEUROPATHY AT THE VARIOUS STAGES OF THE DISEASE
Authors: Пятова  , Pyatova Yuliya , Юрьева  , Yureva Tatyana , Щуко  , Shchuko Andrey , Грищук  , Grishchuk Anastasiya
Published: April 2017

Purpose: to identify the most informative diagnostic criteria for the formation of glaucomatous optic neuropathy at various stages of the pathological process. Methods: 94people with early stages of glaucoma were examined using spectral optical tomography, chromatic meth-ods of perimetry, electroretinography and electrophysiological examination. The following main criteria for inclusion of patients in the study were identified: elevated levels of intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity not less than 0.6, similar in dimensions to the value of the optic nerve, which allowed comparing the results of research in these patients populations. Thus, through careful clinical analysis of data and assessment of excavation size of the optic nerve, using certain optical coherence tomography (OCT), all patients were divided into 3groups. To get an accurate representation of the formation features of glaucomatous neuropathy it was necessary to evaluate not only the structural changes of the retina and optic nerve, but also the changes of their functional activity in all groups. Results: The most important criterion for the structural changes of the retina in patients in the latent stage of the pathological process was the global indicator of the volume loss of ganglionic complex (GLV%). IOP decrease in this group of patients was accompanied by normalization criteria of central perimetry, PERG, which is indicating their functional transient depression on the background of elevated intraocular pressure. Decrease perimeter indices of all kinds of computer perimetry were observed in patients with more advanced stage of disease.
INFLUENCE OF OPTIC NERVE DRUSEN ON VISUAL FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ESSENTIAL ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Савина  , Savina Yuliya , Юрьева  , Yureva Tatyana , Щуко  , Shchuko Andrey , Самсонов  , Samsonov Dmitriy
Published: April 2017

The article presents data examination of children and male adolescents, aged 8 to 17years without eye pathologies, with primary hypertension diagnosis – established at the clinic of Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Re-production Problems. Examination results were: 42patients (84eyes) had primary hypertension with optic disc drusen, 8patients (16eyes) had primary hypertension without optic disc drusen.Characteristics of basic functional changes of patients ophthalmic status with and without optic disc drusen on the basis of data of visometry refractometry, keratometry, computer perimetry, ultrasonic ehobiometry. Doppler angio-graphic examination of ocular vessels, electroretinography (ERG) according to registration standards proposed by the International Society of Clinical electrophysiology of (ISCEV), visual-evoked potentials (VEP), biomicroscopy of the eye, fundus photo registration.To verify and differentiate the prominence of the optic disc drusen in cases of the prominence of stagnant disc with characteristic extension of perineural space, all patients underwent an ultrasound scan procedure of the eyeball. The study obtained data on early pre-clinical manifestations of hypertensive angiohorioretinopaty.The risk factors for the formation of drusen of the optic nerve were identified. We determined that the presence of drusen does not lead to the aggravation of the changes of the visual system, formed under the influence of high blood pressure, affecting only the indicators characterizing ischemic processes in the retina and the optic nerve, which is due to the influence of compression of drusen on glial tissue and the vascular wall.
PREVALENCE OF SMOKING IN ADULT POPULATION OF IRKUTSK
Authors: Максикова  , Maksikova Tatyana , Бабанская  , Babanskaya Evgeniya , Меньшикова  , Menshikova Larisa
Published: April 2017

Smoking is a significant risk factor of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Smoking prevalence is variable in different populations. A study of the prevalence of this risk factor allows to estimate its contribution to the development of cardiovascular pathology, to plan the necessary amount of medical care for people using tobacco, and to determine the effectiveness of prevention activities in the region. As a result of the study, smoking frequency in population of the Irkutsk region older 18years of age or over was established as 29.5%. The number of smokers increased with age, reaching maximum value of 38.6% in the group 30–39 years. Male smokers made maximum in the age group 30–39 years, women – in the age group of 18–19 years. The average age of smokers was 34 years, the one of nonsmokers – 43 years. The age difference was 9 years, and it was lower in the group of men than in the group of women (5 and 11 years, respectively). The number of the smoking men were 3 times larger, than women: 50.2% and 13.5%, respectively. Among persons with arterial hypertension, 22.1% were smoking with the maximum frequency of smoking in age groups from 20 to 49 years. These figures point to a considerable problem of smoking in the region.
USING REAL-TIME PCR FOR URGENT DETECTION AND PROPHYLAXIS OF TICK-BORNE INFECTIONS
Authors: Болотова  , Bolotova Natalie , Манзарова  , Manzarova Ellina , Хаснатинов  , Khasnatinov Maksim , Ляпунов  , Lyapunov Aleksandr , Данчинова  , Danchinova Galina
Published: April 2017

The urgent detection of tick-borne pathogens in attached ticks or in human blood followed by the prophylaxis of infection with specific immunoglobulin and/or antibiotics is one of the most reliable measures to prevent human disease. The aim of this work was to evaluate the usability of real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay in early detection of tick-borne infections. Using commercial RT-PCR assay (Amplisens, Russia) we studied 361 Ixodes persulcatus ticks, 33 Dermacentorsp. ticks and 448samples of human blood delivered by people attacked by ticks in Irkutsk region during 2013–2014 for presence of DNA/RNA of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B.b.s.l.), Anaplsma phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia chaffeensis/E.muris. The ELISA assay and direct microscopy were used to validate the detection of TBEV and B.b.s.l. respectively. The highest prevalence of tick-borne infections was observed for I.persulcatus ticks – 6,9; 23,8; 6,9; and 11,9% for TBEV, B.b.s.l., A.phagocytophillum and E.chaffeensis/E.muris respectively. The Dermacentorsp. ticks were less frequently infected with abovementioned pathogens – 3,0; 6,1; 3,0 and 9,1% respectively. The prevalence of infection in blood samples was lowest and comprised 2,5; 4,2; 2,2 and 4,5% respectively. Mixed infections were documented in 6,5% of ticks and 0,7% of human blood samples. The testing of blood samples in ELISA and testing of ticks in ELISA and direct microscopy corresponded to the results, obtained by RT-PCR. Thus, RT-PCR is valuable and reliable approach for urgent detection and prophylaxis of tick-borne infections.
LIVER TREMATODE INFECTION – OPISTHORCHIASIS AND CLONORCHIASIS: ACTUAL PROBLEMS AND PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS IN MODERN CLINICAL PRACTICE(REVIEW OF LITERATURE)
Authors: Грищенко  , Grishchenko Elena , Николаева  , Nikolaeva Nonna , Байкова  , Baykova Olga , Николаева  , Nikolaeva Lyudmila
Published: April 2017

The article highlights the importance of the problem of endemic liver trematode infection (opisthorchiasis and clonor-chiasis) and the principles of their diagnosis from the perspective of the clinician. Closely related pathogens (Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis) of these diseases are groupI carcinogens, promoting the develop-ment of cholangiocarcinoma of the liver, gallstones, pancreatitis and gastroduodenitis. Specific and early diagnosis of opisthorchiasis in humans is crucial for an appropriate and timely treatment. The basic method of diagnostics in the world clinical practice is a detectionof eggs in fecal samples. Once a fecal sample is available, the modified formalin-ether sedimentation technique, the modified thick Kato smear and with Kato–Katz are used. As a single examination does not necessarily provide diagnostic certainty, repeated examinations are necessary to improve diagnostic sensitiv-ity. Immunoassay is considered as an addition to parasitological examination. The ELISA shows the best performance among the serological tests. Molecular-genetic method (PCR and Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is ranked as the most promising. Due to their high specificity, such molecular diagnostic tests are likely to play an increas-ingly significant role in anthelminthic drug efficacy evaluations, the rigorous monitoring of reinfection patterns, and to investigate changes in the endemic range of the liver flukes.
POSSIBILITIES OF MODERN IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTICS OF OPTIC NERVE DRUSEN (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Кабанова  , Kabanova Evgeniya , Иойлева  , Ioyleva Elena , Котова  , Kotova Elena
Published: April 2017

With the introduction and development of new diagnostic techniques, the relevance of drusen of the optic nerve di-agnostics is increasing. Existing imaging techniques alone or in their various combinations cannot allow to confirm optic nerve drusen in all clinical cases. The diagnosis of optic nerve drusen causes some difficulties because of absence of clear diagnostic standards and classification. Since the advent of new ophthalmological methods of structural and topographic visual analysis evaluation, such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, Heidelberg retina tomography, videooculography, B-scan ultrasonography of the orbits and optic nerve, fluorescent angiography of the retina, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits, the diagnostics of optic nerve drusen becomes more informative. In this article we review the main current imaging techniques in the diagnostics of the optic nerve drusen.
Mechanism and Network Design with Private Negative Externalities
Authors: Belloni Alexandre , Deng Changrong , Pekeč Saša
Published: April 2017

A revenue-maximizing monopolist is selling a single indivisible good to buyers who face a loss if any of its rival buyers obtain it. The rivalry is modeled through a network, an arc between a pair of buyers indicates that a buyer considers another buyer its rival, and the magnitude of the loss is the private information of each buyer. This loss-exposure due to competitive considerations can be viewed as a negative externality. First, using a Myersonian approach we derive the monopolist’s optimal mechanism for any given network. Second, we show that revenues depend on the network structure. Thus, in applications where it is possible, the monopolist might consider designing not only the mechanism but also the network (if not fully, at least partially). Third, we provide and fully describe the solution to the monopolist’s market design problem; that is, the joint network and mechanism design problem. Specifically, despite the nonmonotone impact of additional competition on the monopolist’s revenues, we determine revenue-maximizing rivalry networks (which in turn induce optimal mechanisms) and show that they are independent of distributional assumptions on buyers’ independent private loss values, provided virtual values are bounded from zero. We achieve these results under different restrictions on the network structure and formation. When rivalry is symmetric, matchings are optimal (with at most one path on three vertices). Thus, a market with a fragmented network structure yields higher revenues for the monopolist than a market with a completely connected network structure. However, asymmetric competitive relationships among buyers generate higher revenues than symmetric ones. The optimal asymmetric networks are characterized by (i) every buyer having at least one rival and (ii) the existence of a buyer not considered a rival by anyone.

The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1585 .
A Decomposition Algorithm for the Consistent Traveling Salesman Problem with Vehicle Idling
Authors: Subramanyam Anirudh , Gounaris Chrysanthos E.
Published: April 2017

The consistent traveling salesman problem aims to identify minimum-cost routes to be followed by a single vehicle so as to provide a set of customers with service that adheres to arrival-time consistency across the multiple time periods of a planning horizon. In this paper, we address this problem via a new, exact algorithm that decomposes the problem into a sequence of single-period traveling salesman problems with time windows within a branch-and-bound search procedure. The new algorithm is highly competitive, as it is able to solve to guaranteed optimality instances with up to 100 customers requiring service over a five-period horizon, effectively doubling the size of instances that were solvable by the previous state of the art. Furthermore, and in contrast to all previous approaches, the new algorithm accounts for route duration limits, whenever applicable, as well as incorporates the flexibility for the vehicle to idle before providing service to a customer. We in fact show that, for the benchmark instances we considered, the cost of implementing consistent routes can be reduced significantly if the vehicle is allowed to idle en route, further motivating the need for algorithmic schemes to incorporate this realistic option.
Can paramedics avoid A&E departments with patients complaining of non-traumatic chest pain?
Authors: Best Pete
Published: April 2017

The ‘Paramedic Pathfinder’, a triage tool for paramedics, contains a discriminator for patients complaining of non-traumatic chest pain. The pathfinder advises all patients with non-traumatic chest pain to be taken to hospital. Given a background of large numbers of patients complaining of chest pain and the policy direction of UK ambulance services to treat patients closer to home, the inclusion of discriminator in the pathfinder can be challenged.

A greater understanding of ACS, university education for paramedics, bedside troponin measurement, ACS risk scoring, current NICE guidelines and rapid access chest pain clinics have been identified as enablers to remove the discriminator safely and assist paramedics in finding suitable alternatives to Accident and Emergency for certain patients.

Risk is an important factor in discussing chest pain and establishing the best pathway for patients. The enablers identified need further testing and development in the pre-hospital environment before they can be utilised.
Predicting the mental health outcomes for Ebola first responders
Authors: Kirby Adam , Hawkins Merissa , David R. Black , J. Eric Dietz
Published: April 2017

Purpose: The 2014 Ebola epidemic resulted in 26,683 cases and 11,022 deaths by May 6th, 2015. With first responders deploying from the United States to assist with the many challenges being faced in the field, they encountered a new set of traumatic events and situations that undoubtedly put them at risk for developing a mental disorder. Organizations must be prepared to provide mental health services for their employees and volunteers once they return.Approach: The authors questioned the potential prevalence of PTSD, ASD, and depression among returning first responders and which therapy method would be the most effective in terms of an individualâ€™s recovered or improved condition. This was done through the use of AnyLogicÂ® 7.0. An agent-based method to model the stress levels a first responder may experience while dealing with Ebola was used, where all responders begin in the healthy state and can develop mental health disorders. The therapy options tested were Cognitive Processing Therapy, Prolonged Exposure, and Group Based Exposure Therapy.Results: GBET for PTSD patients provided the most positive results in terms of condition recovery and improvement.Conclusion: The results showed evidence that the type of therapy used can drastically affect the individualâ€™s mental health outcome.
Rapid and Recent Evolution of LTR Retrotransposons Drives Rice Genome Evolution During the Speciation of AA-Genome Oryza Species
Authors: Zhang Qun-Jie , Gao Li-Zhi
Published: April 2017

The dynamics of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and their contribution to genome evolution during plant speciation have remained largely unanswered. Here, we perform a genome-wide comparison of all eight Oryza AA-genome species, and identify 3911 intact LTR retrotransposons classified into 790 families. The top 44 most abundant LTR retrotransposon families show patterns of rapid and distinct diversification since the species split over the last ∼4.8 MY (million years). Phylogenetic and read depth analyses of 11 representative retrotransposon families further provide a comprehensive evolutionary landscape of these changes. Compared with Ty1-copia, independent bursts of Ty3-gypsy retrotransposon expansions have occurred with the three largest showing signatures of lineage-specific evolution. The estimated insertion times of 2213 complete retrotransposons from the top 23 most abundant families reveal divergent life histories marked by speedy accumulation, decline, and extinction that differed radically between species. We hypothesize that this rapid evolution of LTR retrotransposons not only divergently shaped the architecture of rice genomes but also contributed to the process of speciation and diversification of rice.
Whole-Genome Sequence of the Metastatic PC3 and LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Seim Inge , Jeffery Penny L , Thomas Patrick B , Nelson Colleen C , Chopin Lisa K
Published: April 2017

The bone metastasis-derived PC3 and the lymph node metastasis-derived LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines are widely studied, having been described in thousands of publications over the last four decades. Here, we report short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and de novo assembly of PC3 (ATCC CRL-1435) and LNCaP (clone FGC; ATCC CRL-1740) at ∼70 × coverage. A known homozygous mutation in TP53 and homozygous loss of PTEN were robustly identified in the PC3 cell line, whereas the LNCaP cell line exhibited a larger number of putative inactivating somatic point and indel mutations (and in particular a loss of stop codon events). This study also provides preliminary evidence that loss of one or both copies of the tumor suppressor Capicua (CIC) contributes to primary tumor relapse and metastatic progression, potentially offering a treatment target for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Our work provides a resource for genetic, genomic, and biological studies employing two commonly-used prostate cancer cell lines.
Inferring Demographic History Using Two-Locus Statistics
Authors: Ragsdale Aaron P , Gutenkunst Ryan N
Published: April 2017

Population demographic history may be learned from contemporary genetic variation data. Methods based on aggregating the statistics of many single loci into an allele frequency spectrum (AFS) have proven powerful, but such methods ignore potentially informative patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between neighboring loci. To leverage such patterns, we developed a composite-likelihood framework for inferring demographic history from aggregated statistics of pairs of loci. Using this framework, we show that two-locus statistics are more sensitive to demographic history than single-locus statistics such as the AFS. In particular, two-locus statistics escape the notorious confounding of depth and duration of a bottleneck, and they provide a means to estimate effective population size based on the recombination rather than mutation rate. We applied our approach to a Zambian population of Drosophila melanogaster. Notably, using both single- and two-locus statistics, we inferred a substantially lower ancestral effective population size than previous works and did not infer a bottleneck history. Together, our results demonstrate the broad potential for two-locus statistics to enable powerful population genetic inference.
Change in the ownership policy paradigm in Poland: State control vs. privatisation
Authors: Kozarzewski Piotr , Bałtowski Maciej
Published: April 2017

The paper presents an analysis of the shift in the ownership policy of the Polish government in office since 2015 towards a more active role of the state and a more reluctant attitude towards privatisation. This shift reflects a general change in the paradigm of the role of the state towards the concept of the state as a strong market player, which includes the strengthening of its ownership functions. Among others, it has led to stalling the privatisation process and concentrating only on its fiscal goals. Possible factors causing this statist shift are divided into two dichotomic groups: the government’s good faith vs. the impact of rent-seeking interest groups and endogenous vs. exogenous factors. Our main conclusion is that despite similarities with the trends observed in some other countries, endogenous factors such as increasing capture of the state by rent-seeking groups, and not the exogenous ones, including the global financial crisis, contributed most to the growing statist trends in the Polish state’s ownership policy.
Intrapreneurs and entrepreneurs — Do they differ in Romania?
Authors: Dézsi-Benyovszki Annamária , Szabó Tünde Petra
Published: April 2017

This study focuses on the theory of planned behaviour in order to understand and to predict the entrepreneurial behaviour of Romanian early-stage entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs, identifying the main differences among them. We first present the individual level analysis of these new venture creators using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey database of Romania from 2011 to 2014, followed by the estimation of logistic regressions in order to test the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in predicting entrepreneurial behaviour. We aim to contribute to the understanding of differences in start-up activities by broadening the concept of start-up to include intrapreneurship as well. The findings of this study provide partial support of the theory of planned behaviour.
Determinants of the exports of Hungary: Trade theory and the gravity model
Authors: Erdey László , Pöstényi Andrea
Published: April 2017

The end of the Communist regime brought about great changes in the economies of Central and Eastern Europe; the restructuring of foreign trade was one of the biggest challenges for these countries. After the transition period, Hungary became a very open country, with its trade to GDP ratio around 1.5, while trading with more than 190 countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of exports between 1993–2014, with an emphasis on the impact of factor endowments. According to our results, economic size, common border, and free trade agreements had a statistically significant positive effect on exports, while the coefficient of distance had the expected negative sign. We measured factor endowments with several approaches and our results show that exports change in line with the Linder hypothesis, i.e. Hungary tends to trade more with countries having similar factor endowments, and thus its trade is based on differentiated products.
CEE’s export instability toward East Asian markets: Evidence from panel ARDL models
Authors: Tseng Shoiw-Mei
Published: April 2017

Exports play a significant role in the economic catching-up transition in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The East Asian market has emerged for CEE’s exports not only because of its dynamic economy, but also because of the European debt crisis, the political tension between Ukraine and Russia, and the recent threat of terrorism. This study utilises panel ARDL models to estimate the long-run and short-run relationships between export instability and commodity concentration and geographic concentration. The datasets cover the 2004–2014 period for the trade of all the CEE countries with 10 East Asian marketplaces. The results of the causal relationships show significance in the long-run, but not in the short-run. This study suggests that the CEE export policy toward East Asia is likely to consider the impact of trade concentrations on export instability.
PADAT PENEBARAN OPTIMAL PENDEDERAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DALAM HAPA DI TAMBAK TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Usman Usman , Mustafa Akhmad , Hanafi Adi , Pantjara Brata
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendepatkan padat penebaran optimal pada pendederenbandeng dalm tambak tanah gambut.Padat penebaran dicoba adalah 100, 200 dan 300 ekor/0,5 m3, dengen sistem hapa dan masing-masing diulang dua kali.
PENGARUH PENGEMASAN VAKUM DAN SUHU PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP DAYA AWET IKAN TONGKOL ASAP
Authors: Rieuwpassa Fredrik , Heruwati Endang Sri
Published: April 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian pengasepan ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) untuk melihatpengaruh pengemasan (vakum dan non-vakum) dan suhu penyimpanan (suhu kamar dan suhu rendah) terhadap daya awet ikan tongkol asap.
BUDIDAYA UDANG WINDU, Penaeus monodon PADA PADAT PENEBARAN BERBEDA DI TAMBAK TANAH GAMBUT
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Hanafi Adi , Pantjara Brata
Published: April 2017

Tanah gambut telah banyak dijadikan tambak, namun padat penebaran yang optimal untuk budidaya udang windu di tambak tanah gambut belum diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan mengetehui pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, produksi, dan rasio konversi pakan serta kualitas tanah dan air pada berbagai padat penebaran udang windu di tambak tanah gambut.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA KIMIA DAN BIOIOGI PERAIRAN DANAU TEMPE DI SEKITAR SOPPENG SEBAGAI DASAR TEKNIK PENGELOLAAN SUMMBER DAYA PERIKANAN TANGKAP
Authors: Wardoyo Supriyono Eko , Lriana Irin , Priono Bambang
Published: April 2017

Danau Tempe merupakan danau terbesar di Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan Wilayah perairan danau ini meliputi Kabupaten Vajo, Sidrap dan Soppeng. Sebenarnya Danau Tempe merupakan kesatuan dari tiga danau, yaitu Danau Tempe itu sendiri, danau Sidereng dan danau Buaya
POLYPHENOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOUR FRUITS NATIVE TO THE COAST OF CEARA UNDER DIFFERENT MATURATION STAGES
Authors: GONÇALVES NIGÉRIA PEREIRA , LUCENA ELISEU MARLÔNIO PEREIRA DE , BONILLA ORIEL HERRERA , SILVEIRA MÁRCIA RÉGIA SOUZA DA
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT This study aimed to quantify polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of four fruits native to the coast of Ceara under different maturation stages aiming their use for a healthier diet. Myrtle (Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC.) fruits were collected at the Botanical State Park of Ceara, in Caucaia-CE and guajiru (Chrisobalanus icaco L.), manipuça (Mouriri cearensis Huber) and murici-pitanga (Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss.) fruits were collected at the Botanical Garden of São Gonçalo, São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE. Fruits were collected and transported to the Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, being characterized, processed and frozen for chemical assessments at the Laboratory of Physiology and Postharvest Technology - Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical: polyphenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity. The ESTAT software was used for statistical analyses. The polyphenolic content had the highest and the lowest value for guajiru fruits with 480.73 and 10.90 mg/100 g, respectively and total antioxidant activity, the highest value was found for manipuça fruits, with 42.99 µM of Trolox/g of pulp and the lowest value for guajiru fruits, with 1.45 µM of Trolox/g of pulp. There was a significant correlation between polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activity obtained for guajiru fruits, which showed high correlation coefficient, R = -0.95 (P < 0.05).
STABILITY OF ANTHOCYANINS FROM AGROINDUSTRIAL RESIDUE OF ISABEL GRAPE GROWN IN SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL
Authors: BASTOS RAFAELLA DA SILVA , OLIVEIRA KARLLA KARINNE GOMES DE , MELO ENAYDE DE ALMEIDA , LIMA VERA LÚCIA ARROXELAS GALVÃO DE
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Grape by-products are promising and sustainable sources of anthocyanins. Considering the factors related to degradation of those pigments, spectrophotometric and kinetic analyzes were carried out with the aim to evaluate the light and heat stability of anthocyanins from Isabel grape residue. We found that the exposure to luminosity (80W; 2500 lux) and high temperature (= 70ºC) significantly affected the absorption and content of those compounds (p <0.05), whose the most stable condition was obtained at 50°C (t1/2: 37.7h; k: 1.84 x 10-2 h-1) and protected from light (t1/2: 3,320.6h; k: 2.09 x 10-4 h-1). Therefore, the anthocyanins from the agroindustrial residue of Isabel grape are an alternative of natural colorants for food that can be packaged in opaque packaging and not subjected to severe heat treatment during processing.
Uredospore density of Puccinia triticina races on infection efficiency in wheat
Authors: Turra Camila , Reis Erlei Melo , Barcellos Amarilis Labes
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Wheat leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina may lead to damage of up to 62%. This study aimed to test the effect of different uredospore concentrations on the infectious process of four physiological races. The races MFJ-MN, MFT-MT 4002 S, TPT-HT and TDP-HT were inoculated, when the first leaf was expanded in the seedling stage, on cultivars Ônix, Abalone, Morocco and Quartzo, respectively. The tested concentrations were 0.0; 5 x 103; 10 x 103; 20 x 103 and 40 x 103 uredospores/mL mineral oil (Soltrol). After inoculation, seedlings were kept in a growth chamber at 20°C ± 2, near 100% humidity, in the dark, for 20 hours. Fifteen days after inoculation, the density of uredia/leaf was evaluated. The concentration of 40 x 103 uredospores/mL resulted in a disease intensity that allows safe differentiation between susceptible and resistant cultivars in the seedling stage, without causing leaf senescence due to high uredinium density.
Controle biológico de antracnose em pós-colheita de banana “Maçã” com Saccharomyces spp.
Authors: Heling Anderson Luis , Kuhn Odair José , Stangarlin José Renato , Henkemeier Nicanor Pilarski , Coltro-Roncato Sidiane , Gonçalves Edilaine Della Valentina
Published: April 2017

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou analisar o controle biológico do Colletotrichum musae em bananas por meio de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Saccharomyces boulardii. Células de S. cerevisiae foram obtidas a partir do fermento de panificação Fleischmann®. Células de S. boulardii foram obtidas a partir do medicamento Floratil®. Utilizou-se um cacho de banana colhido de área orgânica, os frutos passaram por um processo de assepsia, em seguida foram tratados com células de S. cerevisiae, S. boulardii e ambas as leveduras na concentração de 2 g L-1, após 24 horas inoculou-se o C. musae em três pontos por fruto. Para avaliar-se o efeito da concentração de células no tratamento o processo foi repetido, tratando-se os frutos com concentrações de 0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4 e 8 g L-1 de S. cerevisiae e S. boulardii, avaliou-se a área lesionada, a cada 48 horas, por 14 dias. Também avaliou-se o halo de inibição e a produção de compostos voláteis, ambos in vitro, para analisar se há ocorrência de antagonismo. Observou-se que o tratamento com as leveduras reduz o progresso da doença, e que S. cerevisiae e S. boulardii apresentam maior eficiência na concentração de 5,5 e 6,3 g L-1, respectivamente, apresentando redução de 48% e 35% do progresso da doença, respectivamente. Observou-se a formação de halo de inibição e produção de compostos voláteis, indicando que estas leveduras atuam por meio de antagonismo. Deste modo, estas leveduras são potencias agentes de controle biológico do C. musae.
Reduction in the in vitro sensitivity oF Drechslera tritici-repentis, isolated from wheat, to strobilurin and triazole fungicides
Authors: Tonin Rosane Baldiga , Reis Erlei Melo , Avozani Aveline
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Reports of failure in the chemical control of wheat yellow leaf spot led to determination of the sensitivity of Drechslera tritici-repentis (Dtr) to the fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). The IC50 was obtained for strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin) and for triazoles (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole and tebuconazole), using five Dtr isolates. Seven concentrations of the fungicides were tested in the bioassay: 0.00; 0.01; 0.10; 1.00; 10:00 and 20.00 and 40.00 mg/L active ingredient (a.i.). Assays consisted of completely randomized design and four replicates. Each experiment was performed twice, using the average of the two tests for statistical analysis. The percentage inhibition data for conidial germination (QoIs) and for mycelial growth (DMIs) were subjected to logarithmic regression analysis, calculating the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) based on the generated equation. There was a reduction in the sensitivity of Dtr isolates to strobilurins. IC50 values ranged from 0.58 to > 40.00 mg/L. The lowest sensitivity of isolates was detected for azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin. Pyraclostrobin was most efficient, showing IC50 between 0.58 and 1.03 mg/L. The IC50 ranged from 0.35 to 1.37 mg/L for epoxiconazole, from 0.49 to 1.28 mg/L for propiconazole and from 1.41 to 2.34 mg/L for tebuconazole. Prothioconazole was most potent, showing IC50 between 0.09 and 0.21 mg/L. The hypothesis that the control failure can be attributed to the reduced Dtr sensitivity to the fungicides QoIs and DMIs was confirmed.
Trends in Extreme Climate Indices for Pará State, Brazil
Authors: Santos Carlos Antonio Costa dos , Oliveira Verônica Gabriella de
Published: April 2017

Abstract The present study aimed to analyze trends in air temperature and rainfall for 13 locations in the state of Pará using nonparametric tests. Daily data of maximum and minimum air temperatures and precipitation covering the period 1970-2006, collected by the Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) have been used. From the results obtained it was observed that the number of warm days and nights per year has increased, thereby providing a significant reduction in the number of cool days and nights in the state. Due to the high space-time variability of precipitation, few localities showed statistically significant trends for indices of extremes dependent on this variable. The days and nights in Belém have been hotter in the last two decades. Therefore, these results are important for future planning of public health and energy for the state of Para, which must adapt to future warming scenarios sectors.
An Analysis of the Energetics of Tropical and Extra-Tropical Regions for Warm ENSO Composite Episodes
Authors: Sátyro Zayra Christine , Veiga José
Published: April 2017

Abstract This study focuses on the quantification and evaluation of the effects of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) warm phases, using a composite of five intense El Niño episodes between 1979 – 2011 on the Energetic Lorenz Cycle for four distinct regions around the globe: 80° S – 5° N (region 1), 50° S – 5° N (region 2), 30° S – 5° N (region 3), and 30° S – 30° N (region 4), using Data from NCEP reanalysis-II. Briefly, the results showed that zonal terms of potential energy and kinetic energy were intensified, except for region 1, where zonal kinetic energy weakened. Through the analysis of the period in which higher energy production is observed, a strong communication between the available zonal potential and the zonal kinetic energy reservoirs can be identified. This communication weakened the modes linked to eddies of potential energy and kinetic energy, as well as in the other two baroclinic conversions terms. Furthermore, the results indicate that for all the regions, the system itself works to regain its stable condition.
Potassium nitrate on overcoming dormancy in Brachiaria humidicola ‘BRS Tupi’ seeds
Authors: Libório Cláudia Barrios de , Verzignassi Jaqueline Rosemeire , Fernandes Celso Dornelas , Valle Cacilda Borges do , Lima Natalia Dias , Monteiro Lenise Castilho
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT: In this study, the aim was to determine the influence of potassium nitrate, using different concentrations and immersion times on the dormancy of the seeds of Brachiaria humidicola cv. ‘BRS Tupi’. Four experiments were performed adopting a factorial scheme (5x3+1) in different seed lots, for different post-harvest storage durations, during which the seeds were immersed in potassium nitrate solutions of different specific concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1% KNO3), for three exposure periods (12, 24 and 48h), plus one control (untreated), in a completely randomized design. The characteristics assessed included the imbibition curve, germination, first count and germination rate, as well as viability confirmed by using tetrazolium test. From the findings it was evident that treatments involving 0.1; 0.3; 0.5 and 1% KNO3 or pure water, with a 12 hour-soaking period enabled the stored seeds to germinate well for a minimum of eight months post harvest. Root protrusion was observed 24 hours post seed imbibition, whereas for the untreated seeds, satisfactory germination was observed from at least 12 months post harvest and, in most of the lots, between 18 and 24 months.
NETWORK AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC DISEASES: UNDERSTANDING THE CHILD'S PERCEPTION
Authors: Silva Maria Elizabete de Amorim , Moura Flávia Moura de , Albuquerque Tarciane Marinho , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Collet Neusa
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the network and social support in the perception of children with chronic disease. Method qualitative research conducted with eight children with chronic disease, between November 2012 and June 2013 in a public hospital in Paraiba, Brazil. An adaptation of the drawing-story process with theme was used. The data were interpreted by thematic analysis. Results in some moments of life, the child receives different types of support that are offered by strengthened links that make up their social network. But this network has not always proven to be strengthened and able to provide the necessary support to adequately cope with the disease. Conclusion health professionals need to direct their focus on the child, listening to them and their singularities and helping to identify links in their social network which can provide them with the support they need to cope with chronic illness.