bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A National Swedish Twin-Sibling Study of Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , PirouziFard MirNabi , Lönn Sara , Edwards Alexis C. , Maes Hermine H. , Lichtenstein Paul , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: August 2016

The relationship between the genetic and environmental risk factors for alcohol use disorders (AUD) detected in Swedish medical, pharmacy, and criminal registries has not been hitherto examined. Prior twin studies have varied with regard to the detection of shared environmental effects and sex differences in the etiology of AUD. In this report, structural equation modeling in OpenMx was applied to (1) the three types of alcohol registration in a population-based sample of male–male twins and reared-together full and half siblings (total 208,810 pairs), and (2) AUD, as a single diagnosis, in male–male, female–female, and opposite-sex (OS) twins and reared-together full and half siblings (total 787,916 pairs). An independent pathway model fit best to the three forms of registration and indicated that between 70% and 92% of the genetic and 63% and 98% of the shared environmental effects were shared in common with the remainder unique to each form of AUD registration. Criminal registration had the largest proportion of unique genetic and environmental factors. The best fit model for AUD estimated the heritability to be 22% and 57%, respectively, in females and males. Both shared (12% vs. 6%) and special twin environment (29% vs. 2%) were substantially more important in females versus males. In conclusion, AUD ascertained from medical, pharmacy, and criminal Swedish registries largely share the same genetic and environmental risk factors. Large sex differences in the etiology of AUD were seen in this sample, with substantially stronger familial environmental and weaker genetic effects in females versus males.
What Steers Antarctica's Largest Current?
Authors: Branscombe Alexandra
Published: August 2016

Scientists have observed that pressure from current-seafloor encounters drives the direction of the massive Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Southern Ocean.
AGU Expands into Geohealth, Starting with New Journal
Authors: McEntee Chris
Published: August 2016

The journal GeoHealth, to be launched by the American Geophysical Union and Wiley, will disseminate research relating Earth and environmental sciences to human, agricultural, and environmental health.
Does Water Vapor from Volcanic Eruptions Cause Climate Warming?
Authors: Branscombe Alexandra
Published: August 2016

By studying past volcanic eruptions, scientists find that the amount of water vapor reaching the stratosphere during moderately explosive eruptions may not be contributing to the greenhouse effect.
Prospective studies of infectious mononucleosis in university students
Authors: Grimm Jennifer M , Schmeling David O , Dunmire Samantha K , Knight Jennifer A , Mullan Beth D , Ed Julie A , Brundage Richard C , Hogquist Kristin A , Balfour Henry H
Published: August 2016

We performed an intensive prospective study designed to obtain as much data as possible on the incubation and early illness periods of primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Undergraduate students who lacked EBV antibody and oral EBV DNA (EBV‐naive) were seen every 2 weeks during their freshman year. Clinical and behavioral data, oral washes and venous blood were obtained. EBV antibodies were quantified by enzyme immunoassay and viral loads by PCR. During a median 8 months of observation, 14/85 subjects experienced primary EBV infections (24 cases/100 person‐years). The only significant risk factor for acquisition of EBV infection was deep kissing (P=0.02). Eleven subjects had infectious mononucleosis with a median duration of 21 days. Two subjects were hospitalized. Infections were initially identified in 12 subjects by finding EBV DNA in oral cells before onset of symptoms and in 2 subjects by symptom reporting. EBV DNA and viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM and gp350 IgG antibodies were present in the blood before onset of illness. To provide a more robust evaluation of primary EBV infection in undergraduate university students, we combined data on risk factors and antibody responses from this and an earlier study that used the exact same clinical and laboratory methods. The observation that the only significant risk factor for acquisition of EBV infection was deep kissing was confirmed. Most importantly, higher amounts of gp350 antibody correlated significantly with a lower severity of infectious mononucleosis (P<0.0001), which strengthens the rationale for a gp350‐based prophylactic EBV vaccine.
Microbe–microbe interactions trigger Mn(II)-oxidizing gene expression
Authors: Liang Jinsong , Bai Yaohui , Men Yujie , Qu Jiuhui
Published: August 2016

Manganese (Mn) is an important metal in geochemical cycles. Some microorganisms can oxidize Mn(II) to Mn oxides, which can, in turn, affect the global cycles of other elements by strong sorption and oxidation effects. Microbe–microbe interactions have important roles in a number of biological processes. However, how microbial interactions affect Mn(II) oxidation still remains unknown. Here, we investigated the interactions between two bacteria (Arthrobacter sp. and Sphingopyxis sp.) in a co-culture, which exhibited Mn(II)-oxidizing activity, although neither were able to oxidize Mn(II) in isolation. We demonstrated that the Mn(II)-oxidizing activity in co-culture was most likely induced via contact-dependent interactions. The expressed Mn(II)-oxidizing protein in the co-culture was purified and identified as a bilirubin oxidase belonging to strain Arthrobacter. Full sequencing of the bilirubin oxidase-encoding gene (boxA) was performed. The Mn(II)-oxidizing protein and the transcripts of boxA were detected in the co-culture, but not in either of the isolated cultures. This indicate that boxA was silent in Arthrobacter monoculture, and was activated in response to presence of Sphingopyxis in the co-culture. Further, transcriptomic analysis by RNA-Seq, extracellular superoxide detection and cell density quantification by flow cytometry indicate induction of boxA gene expression in Arthrobacter was co-incident with a stress response triggered by co-cultivation with Sphingopyxis. Our findings suggest the potential roles of microbial physiological responses to stress induced by other microbes in Mn(II) oxidation and extracellular superoxide production.
Superior room-temperature ductility of typically brittle quasicrystals at small sizes
Authors: Zou Yu , Kuczera Pawel , Sologubenko Alla , Sumigawa Takashi , Kitamura Takayuki , Steurer Walter , Spolenak Ralph
Published: August 2016

The discovery of quasicrystals three decades ago unveiled a class of matter that exhibits long-range order but lacks translational periodicity. Owing to their unique structures, quasicrystals possess many unusual properties. However, a well-known bottleneck that impedes their widespread application is their intrinsic brittleness: plastic deformation has been found to only be possible at high temperatures or under hydrostatic pressures, and their deformation mechanism at low temperatures is still unclear. Here, we report that typically brittle quasicrystals can exhibit remarkable ductility of over 50% strains and high strengths of ∼4.5 GPa at room temperature and sub-micrometer scales. In contrast to the generally accepted dominant deformation mechanism in quasicrystals—dislocation climb, our observation suggests that dislocation glide may govern plasticity under high-stress and low-temperature conditions. The ability to plastically deform quasicrystals at room temperature should lead to an improved understanding of their deformation mechanism and application in small-scale devices.
Intermediate stages of electrochemical oxidation of single-crystalline platinum revealed by in situ Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Huang Yi-Fan , Kooyman Patricia J. , Koper Marc T. M.
Published: August 2016

Understanding the atomistic details of how platinum surfaces are oxidized under electrochemical conditions is of importance for many electrochemical devices such as fuel cells and electrolysers. Here we use in situ shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to identify the intermediate stages of the electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) and Pt(100) single crystals in perchloric acid. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to assist in assigning the experimental Raman bands by simulating the vibrational frequencies of possible intermediates and products. The perchlorate anion is suggested to interact with hydroxyl phase formed on the surface. Peroxo-like and superoxo-like two-dimensional (2D) surface oxides and amorphous 3D α-PtO2 are sequentially formed during the anodic polarization. Our measurements elucidate the process of the electrochemical oxidation of platinum single crystals by providing evidence for the structure-sensitive formation of a 2D platinum-(su)peroxide phase. These results may contribute towards a fundamental understanding of the mechanism of degradation of platinum electrocatalysts.
Subcompartmentalization by cross-membranes during early growth of Streptomyces hyphae
Authors: Yagüe Paula , Willemse Joost , Koning Roman I. , Rioseras Beatriz , López-García María T. , Gonzalez-Quiñonez Nathaly , Lopez-Iglesias Carmen , Shliaha Pavel V. , Rogowska-Wrzesinska Adelina , Koster Abraham J. , Jensen Ole N. , van Wezel Gilles P. , Manteca Ángel
Published: August 2016

Bacteria of the genusStreptomycesare a model system for bacterial multicellularity. Their mycelial life style involves the formation of long multinucleated hyphae during vegetative growth, with occasional cross-walls separating long compartments. Reproduction occurs by specialized aerial hyphae, which differentiate into chains of uninucleoid spores. While the tubulin-like FtsZ protein is required for the formation of all peptidoglycan-based septa inStreptomyces, canonical divisome-dependent cell division only occurs during sporulation. Here we report extensive subcompartmentalization in young vegetative hyphae ofStreptomyces coelicolor, whereby 1 μm compartments are formed by nucleic acid stain-impermeable barriers. These barriers possess the permeability properties of membranes and at least some of them are cross-membranes without detectable peptidoglycan. Z-ladders form during the early growth, but cross-membrane formation does not depend on FtsZ. Thus, a new level of hyphal organization is presented involving unprecedented high-frequency compartmentalization, which changes the old dogma thatStreptomycesvegetative hyphae have scarce compartmentalization.
Enhancement of Rydberg-mediated single-photon nonlinearities by electrically tuned Förster resonances
Authors: Gorniaczyk H. , Tresp C. , Bienias P. , Paris-Mandoki A. , Li W. , Mirgorodskiy I. , Büchler H. P. , Lesanovsky I. , Hofferberth S.
Published: August 2016

Mapping the strong interaction between Rydberg atoms onto single photons via electromagnetically induced transparency enables manipulation of light at the single-photon level and few-photon devices such as all-optical switches and transistors operated by individual photons. Here we demonstrate experimentally that Stark-tuned Förster resonances can substantially increase this effective interaction between individual photons. This technique boosts the gain of a single-photon transistor to over 100, enhances the non-destructive detection of single Rydberg atoms to a fidelity beyond 0.8, and enables high-precision spectroscopy on Rydberg pair states. On top, we achieve a gain larger than 2 with gate photon read-out after the transistor operation. Theory models for Rydberg polariton propagation on Förster resonance and for the projection of the stored spin-wave yield excellent agreement to our data and successfully identify the main decoherence mechanism of the Rydberg transistor, paving the way towards photonic quantum gates.
Structural manipulation and tailoring of dielectric properties in SrTi1−xFexTaxO3 perovskites: Design of new lead free relaxors
Authors: Shukla R. , Patwe S. J. , Deshpande S. K. , Achary S. N. , Krishna P. S. R. , Shinde A. B. , Gopalakrishnan J. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: August 2016

We report composition dependent structure evolution from SrTiO3 to SrFe0.5Ta0.5O3 by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of SrTi1−2xFexTaxO3 (0.00 ≤ × ≤ 0.50) compositions. Structural studies reveal cubic (Pm3m) perovskite-type structure of the parent SrTiO3 for x up to 0.075 and cation disordered orthorhombic (Pbnm) perovskite-type structure for x ≥ 0.33. A biphasic region consisting of a mixture of cubic and orthorhombic structures is found in the range for 0.10 ≤ × ≤ 0.25. Dielectric studies reveal transformation from a normal dielectric to relaxor like properties with increasing Fe3+ and Ta5+ concentration. Dielectric response is maximum at x = 0.33 in the series. The results establish a protocol for designing new lead-free relaxor materials based on the co-substitution of Fe3+ and Ta5+ for Ti4+ in SrTiO3. A complex interplay of strain effects arising from distribution of cations at the octahedral sites of the perovskite structure controls the dielectric properties.
ERAP1-ERAP2 dimers trim MHC I-bound precursor peptides; implications for understanding peptide editing
Authors: Chen Hanna , Li Lenong , Weimershaus Mirjana , Evnouchidou Irini , van Endert Peter , Bouvier Marlene
Published: August 2016

The processing of MHC class I antigenic precursor peptides by the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) and ERAP2 is an important event in the cell biology of antigen presentation. To date, the molecular context by which the ERAP enzymes trim precursor peptides, and how ERAPs shape peptide repertoires, remain open questions. Using ERAP1 and ERAP2 heterodimers (ERAP1/2), and N-terminally extended model and natural peptides in their free and HLA-B*0801-bound forms, we characterized the mode of action of ERAPs. We provide evidence that ERAP1/2 can trim MHC I-bound precursor peptides to their correct and final lengths, albeit more slowly than the corresponding free precursors. Trimming of MHC I-bound precursors by ERAP1/2 increases the conformational stability of MHC I/peptide complexes. From the data, we propose a molecular mechanistic model of ERAP1/2 as peptide editors. Overall, our study provides new findings on a significant issue of the ERAP-mediated processing pathway of MHC class I antigens.
High-pressure X-ray diffraction, Raman and computational studies of MgCl2 up to 1 Mbar: Extensive pressure stability of the β-MgCl2 layered structure
Authors: Stavrou Elissaios , Yao Yansun , Zaug Joseph M. , Bastea Sorin , Kalkan Bora , Konôpková Zuzana , Kunz Martin
Published: August 2016

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) with the rhombohedral layered CdCl2-type structure (α-MgCl2) has been studied experimentally using synchrotron angle-dispersive powder x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy using a diamond-anvil cell up to 100 GPa at room temperature and theoretically using first-principles density functional calculations. The results reveal a pressure-induced second-order structural phase transition to a hexagonal layered CdI2-type structure (β-MgCl2) at 0.7 GPa: the stacking sequence of the Cl anions are altered resulting in a reduction of the c-axis length. Theoretical calculations confirm this phase transition sequence and the calculated transition pressure is in excellent agreement with the experiment. Lattice dynamics calculations also reproduce the experimental Raman spectra measured for the ambient and high-pressure phase. According to our experimental results MgCl2remains in a 2D layered phase up to 100 GPa and further, the 6-fold coordination of Mg cations is retained. Theoretical calculations of relative enthalpy suggest that this extensive pressure stability is due to a low enthalpy of the layered structure ruling out kinetic barrier effects. This observation is unusual, as it contradicts with the general structural behavior of highly compressed AB2compounds.
Correction: Corrigendum: Hydrothermal growth of VO2 nanoplate thermochromic films on glass with high visible transmittance
Authors: Zhang Jiasong , Li Jingbo , Chen Pengwan , Rehman Fida , Jiang Yijie , Cao Maosheng , Zhao Yongjie , Jin Haibo
Published: August 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 27898; published online: 14 June 2016; updated: 12 August 2016. In this Article, the scale bars are omitted from Figures 1a,c,d and 2a. The correct Figures 1 and 2 appear below.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Oxidation of Cu-Au Alloy Surfaces: Effect of Bulk Au Concentration
Authors: Okada Michio , Tsuda Yasutaka , Oka Kohei , Kojima Kazuki , Diño Wilson Agerico , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Kasai Hideaki
Published: August 2016

We report results of our experimental and theoretical studies on the oxidation of Cu-Au alloy surfaces, viz., Cu3Au(111), CuAu(111) and Au3Cu(111), using hyperthermal O2 molecular beam (HOMB). We observed strong Au segregation to the top layer of the corresponding clean (111) surfaces. This forms a protective layer that hinders further oxidation into the bulk. The higher the concentration of Au in the protective layer formed, the higher the protective efficacy. As a result, of the three Cu-Au surfaces studied, Au3Cu(111) is the most stable against dissociative adsorption of O2, even with HOMB. We also found that this protective property breaks down for oxidations occurring at temperatures above 300 K.
Aβ Induces Excitotoxicity Mediated by APC/C-Cdh1 Depletion That Can Be Prevented by Glutaminase Inhibition Promoting Neuronal Survival
Authors: Fuchsberger T. , Martínez-Bellver S. , Giraldo E. , Teruel-Martí V. , Lloret A. , Viña J.
Published: August 2016

The E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is activated by the fizzy-related protein homolog/CDC20-like protein 1 (cdh1) in post-mitotic neurons. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of APC/C-Cdh1 is involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show in neurons that oligomers of amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide related to Alzheimer’s disease, cause proteasome-dependent degradation of cdh1. This leads to a subsequent increase in glutaminase (a degradation target of APC/C-Cdh1), which causes an elevation of glutamate levels and further intraneuronal Ca2+ dysregulation, resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Glutaminase inhibition prevents glutamate excitotoxicity and apoptosis in Aβ treated neurons. Furthermore, glutamate also decreases cdh1 and leads to accumulation of glutaminase, suggesting that there may be a positive feedback loop of cdh1 inactivation. We confirmed the main findings in vivo using microinjection of either Aβ or glutamate in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus. We show here for the first time in vivo that both Aβ and glutamate cause nuclear exclusion of cdh1 and an increase in glutaminase. These results show that maintaining normal APC/C-Cdh1 activity may be a useful target in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
A new survivin tracer tracks, delocalizes and captures endogenous survivin at different subcellular locations and in distinct organelles
Authors: Beghein Els , Van Audenhove Isabel , Zwaenepoel Olivier , Verhelle Adriaan , De Ganck Ariane , Gettemans Jan
Published: August 2016

Survivin, the smallest member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, plays a central role during mitosis and exerts a cytoprotective function. Survivin is highly expressed in most cancer types and contributes to multiple facets of carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying its highly diverse functions need to be extensively explored, which is crucial for rational design of future personalized therapeutics. In this study, we have generated an alpaca survivin nanobody (SVVNb8) that binds with low nanomolar affinity to its target. When expressed as an intrabody in HeLa cells, SVVNb8 faithfully tracks survivin during different phases of mitosis without interfering with survivin function. Furthermore, coupling SVVNb8 with a subcellular delocalization tag efficiently redirects endogenous survivin towards the nucleus, the cytoplasm, peroxisomes and even to the intermembrane space of mitochondria where it presumably interacts with resident mitochondrial survivin. Based on our findings, we believe that SVVNb8 is an excellent instrument to further elucidate survivin biology and topography and can serve as a model system to investigate mitochondrial and peroxisomal (survivin) protein import.
The neuronal mechanisms underlying improvement of impulsivity in ADHD by theta/beta neurofeedback
Authors: Bluschke Annet , Broschwitz Felicia , Kohl Simon , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian
Published: August 2016

Neurofeedback is increasingly recognized as an intervention to treat core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite the large number of studies having been carried out to evaluate its effectiveness, it is widely elusive what neuronal mechanisms related to the core symptoms of ADHD are modulated by neurofeedback. 19 children with ADHD undergoing 8 weeks of theta/beta neurofeedback and 17 waiting list controls performed a Go/Nogo task in a pre-post design. We used neurophysiological measures combining high-density EEG recording with source localization analyses using sLORETA. Compared to the waiting list ADHD control group, impulsive behaviour measured was reduced after neurofeedback treatment. The effects of neurofeedback were very specific for situations requiring inhibitory control over responses. The neurophysiological data shows that processes of perceptual gating, attentional selection and resource allocation processes were not affected by neurofeedback. Rather, neurofeedback effects seem to be based on the modulation of response inhibition processes in medial frontal cortices. The study shows that specific neuronal mechanisms underlying impulsivity are modulated by theta/beta neurofeedback in ADHD. The applied neurofeedback protocol could be particularly suitable to address inhibitory control. The study validates assumed functional neuroanatomical target regions of an established neurofeedback protocol on a neurophysiological level.
An impaired metabolic response to hydrostatic pressure explains Alcanivorax borkumensis recorded distribution in the deep marine water column
Authors: Scoma Alberto , Barbato Marta , Borin Sara , Daffonchio Daniele , Boon Nico
Published: August 2016

Alcanivorax borkumensis is an ubiquitous model organism for hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, which dominates polluted surface waters. Its negligible presence in oil-contaminated deep waters (as observed during the Deepwater Horizon accident) raises the hypothesis that it may lack adaptive mechanisms to hydrostatic pressure (HP). The type strain SK2 was tested under 0.1, 5 and 10 MPa (corresponding to surface water, 500 and 1000 m depth, respectively). While 5 MPa essentially inactivated SK2, further increase to 10 MPa triggered some resistance mechanism, as indicated by higher total and intact cell numbers. Under 10 MPa, SK2 upregulated the synthetic pathway of the osmolyte ectoine, whose concentration increased from 0.45 to 4.71 fmoles cell−1. Central biosynthetic pathways such as cell replication, glyoxylate and Krebs cycles, amino acids metabolism and fatty acids biosynthesis, but not β-oxidation, were upregulated or unaffected at 10 MPa, although total cell number was remarkably lower with respect to 0.1 MPa. Concomitantly, expression of more than 50% of SK2 genes was downregulated, including genes related to ATP generation, respiration and protein translation. Thus, A. borkumensis lacks proper adaptation to HP but activates resistance mechanisms. These consist in poorly efficient biosynthetic rather than energy-yielding degradation-related pathways, and suggest that HP does represent a major driver for its distribution at deep-sea.
Novel pH-Sensitive Cyclic Peptides
Authors: Weerakkody Dhammika , Moshnikova Anna , El-Sayed Naglaa Salem , Adochite Ramona-Cosmina , Slaybaugh Gregory , Golijanin Jovana , Tiwari Rakesh K. , Andreev Oleg A. , Parang Keykavous , Reshetnyak Yana K.
Published: August 2016

A series of cyclic peptides containing a number of tryptophan (W) and glutamic acid (E) residues were synthesized and evaluated as pH-sensitive agents for targeting of acidic tissue and pH-dependent cytoplasmic delivery of molecules. Biophysical studies revealed the molecular mechanism of peptides action and localization within the lipid bilayer of the membrane at high and low pHs. The symmetric, c[(WE)4WC] and asymmetric, c[E4W5C], cyclic peptides translocated amanitin, a polar cargo molecule of similar size, across the lipid bilayer and induced cell death in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner. Fluorescently-labelled peptides were evaluated for targeting of acidic 4T1 mammary tumors in mice. The highest tumor to muscle ratio (5.6) was established for asymmetric cyclic peptide, c[E4W5C], at 24 hours after intravenous administration. pH-insensitive cyclic peptide c[R4W5C], where glutamic acid residues (E) were replaced by positively charged arginine residues (R), did not exhibit tumor targeting. We have introduced a novel class of cyclic peptides, which can be utilized as a new pH-sensitive tool in investigation or targeting of acidic tissue.
A Horn-fed Frequency Scanning Holographic Antenna Based on Generalized Law of Reflection
Authors: Liu Dawei , Cheng Bo , Pan Xiaotian , Qiao Lifang
Published: August 2016

A new method of designing horn-fed frequency scanning holographic antenna is proposed. The artificial surface design of holographic antenna is based on generalized law of reflection. The input admittance is utilized to construct the interference pattern of the surface which is intervened by the excitation wave and the required radiation wave. The scalar admittance unit cell which is composed of sub-wavelength metallic patch on grounded dielectric substrate is implemented to design artificial surface and the simulation results are just as expected that the antenna can scan the beam as the frequency changes. Furthermore, a cross shaped patch printed on grounded dielectric unit cells is used to reduce the designing complexity of tensor admittance surface. At last, a frequency scanning holographic antenna with tensor admittance surface with ability of changing linear polarization excitation wave to left-hand circular polarization (LCP) radiation wave is designed and fabricated. The full-wave simulation and experimental results show well agreement and confirm the method proposed.
Responses of Waveform-Selective Absorbing Metasurfaces to Oblique Waves at the Same Frequency
Authors: Wakatsuchi Hiroki , Gao Fei , Yagitani Satoshi , Sievenpiper Daniel F.
Published: August 2016

Conventional materials vary their electromagnetic properties in response to the frequency of an incoming wave, but these responses generally remain unchanged at the same frequency unless nonlinearity is involved. Waveform-selective metasurfaces, recently developed by integrating several circuit elements with planar subwavelength periodic structures, allowed us to distinguish different waves even at the same frequency depending on how long the waves continued, namely, on their pulse widths. These materials were thus expected to give us an additional degree of freedom to control electromagnetic waves. However, all the past studies were demonstrated with waves at a normal angle only, although in reality electromagnetic waves scatter from various structures or boundaries and therefore illuminate the metasurfaces at oblique angles. Here we study angular dependences of waveform-selective metasurfaces both numerically and experimentally. We demonstrate that, if designed properly, capacitor-based waveform-selective metasurfaces more effectively absorb short pulses than continuous waves (CWs) for a wide range of the incident angle, while inductor-based metasurfaces absorb CWs more strongly. Our study is expected to be usefully exploited for applying the concept of waveform selectivity to a wide range of existing microwave devices to expand their functionalities or performances in response to pulse width as a new capability.
Elimination of microglia improves cognitive function following cranial irradiation
Authors: Acharya Munjal M. , Green Kim N. , Allen Barrett D. , Najafi Allison R. , Syage Amber , Minasyan Harutyun , Le Mi T. , Kawashita Takumi , Giedzinski Erich , Parihar Vipan K. , West Brian L. , Baulch Janet E. , Limoli Charles L.
Published: August 2016

Cranial irradiation for the treatment of brain cancer elicits progressive and severe cognitive dysfunction that is associated with significant neuropathology. Radiation injury in the CNS has been linked to persistent microglial activation, and we find upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes even 6 weeks after irradiation. We hypothesize that depletion of microglia in the irradiated brain would have a neuroprotective effect. Adult mice received acute head only irradiation (9 Gy) and were administered a dietary inhibitor (PLX5622) of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) to deplete microglia post-irradiation. Cohorts of mice maintained on a normal and PLX5662 diet were analyzed for cognitive changes using a battery of behavioral tasks 4–6 weeks later. PLX5622 treatment caused a rapid and near complete elimination of microglia in the brain within 3 days of treatment. Irradiation of animals given a normal diet caused characteristic behavioral deficits designed to test medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal learning and memory and caused increased microglial activation. Animals receiving the PLX5622 diet exhibited no radiation-induced cognitive deficits, and exhibited near complete loss of IBA-1 and CD68 positive microglia in the mPFC and hippocampus. Our data demonstrate that elimination of microglia through CSF1R inhibition can ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive deficits in mice.
Morphine decreases the pro-angiogenic interaction between breast cancer cells and macrophages in vitro
Authors: Khabbazi Samira , Nassar Zeyad D. , Goumon Yannick , Parat Marie-Odile
Published: August 2016

Interactions between the various cell types that constitute a solid tumour are essential to the biology of the tumour. We evaluated the effect of morphine on the proangiogenic interaction taking place between macrophages and breast cancer cells in vitro. The conditioned medium (CM) from breast cancer cells co-cultured with macrophages elicited endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation. This effect was inhibited if the co-culture occurred in the presence of morphine. The CM from breast cancer cells or macrophages grown individually, whether or not prepared in the presence of morphine, was ineffective in stimulating EC proliferation or tube formation. Using a mouse antibody array, we identified several angiogenesis-regulating factors differentially expressed in the CM of co-cultured cells prepared in the presence or absence of morphine, amongst which interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. VEGF was induced in both cell types by the co-culture and this was prevented by morphine in a non-naloxone reversible fashion. The effect of CM from co-cultured cells on endothelial tube formation, but not proliferation, was prevented by anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody. Our results indicate that morphine prevents, in part via modulating VEGF-A expression, the pro-angiogenic interaction between macrophages and breast cancer cells.
First Comprehensive Proteome Analyses of Lysine Acetylation and Succinylation in Seedling Leaves of Brachypodium distachyon L.
Authors: Zhen Shoumin , Deng Xiong , Wang Jian , Zhu Gengrui , Cao Hui , Yuan Linlin , Yan Yueming
Published: August 2016

Protein acetylation and succinylation are the most crucial protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) involved in the regulation of plant growth and development. In this study, we present the first lysine-acetylation and lysine-succinylation proteome analysis of seedling leaves in Brachypodium distachyon L (Bd). Using high accuracy nano LC-MS/MS combined with affinity purification, we identified a total of 636 lysine-acetylated sites in 353 proteins and 605 lysine-succinylated sites in 262 proteins. These proteins participated in many biology processes, with various molecular functions. In particular, 119 proteins and 115 sites were found to be both acetylated and succinylated, simultaneously. Among the 353 acetylated proteins, 148 had acetylation orthologs in Oryza sativa L., Arabidopsis thaliana, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and Glycine max L. Among the 262 succinylated proteins, 170 of them were found to have homologous proteins in Oryza sativa L., Escherichia coli, Sacchayromyces cerevisiae, or Homo sapiens. Motif-X analysis of the acetylated and succinylated sites identified two new acetylated motifs (K---K and K-I-K) and twelve significantly enriched succinylated motifs for the first time, which could serve as possible binding loci for future studies in plants. Our comprehensive dataset provides a promising starting point for further functional analysis of acetylation and succinylation in Bd and other plant species.
Qualitative sensing of mechanical damage by a fluorogenic “click” reaction
Authors: Döhler Diana , Rana Sravendra , Rupp Harald , Bergmann Henrik , Behzadi Shahed , Crespy Daniel , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: August 2016

A simple and unique damage-sensing tool mediated by a Cu(i)-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is reported, where a fluorogenic “click”-reaction highlights physical damage by a strong fluorescence increase accompanied by in situ monitoring of localized self-healing.
A Au(i)-catalyzed hydrogen bond-directed tandem strategy to synthesize indeno-chromen-4-one and indeno-quinolin-4-one derivatives
Authors: Jiang Chongguo , Xiong Zhiling , Jin Shengfei , Gao Peng , Tang Yingzhan , Wang Yanshi , Du Chuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Liu Yang , Lin Bin , Liu Yongxiang , Cheng Maosheng
Published: August 2016

A gold-catalyzed hydrogen bond-directed tandem cyclization strategy to synthesize indeno-chromen-4-one and indeno-quinolin-4-one derivatives has been developed.
Metal-free C–H sulfonamidation of pyrroles by visible light photoredox catalysis
Authors: Meyer Andreas Uwe , Berger Anna Lucia , König Burkhard
Published: August 2016

Blue light and catalytic amounts of an acridinium dye are sufficient for the C–H sulfamidation of pyrroles.
An oxygen-vacancy rich 3D novel hierarchical MoS2/BiOI/AgI ternary nanocomposite: enhanced photocatalytic activity through photogenerated electron shuttling in a Z-scheme manner
Authors: Jahurul Islam M. , Amaranatha Reddy D. , Han Noh Soo , Choi Jiha , Song Jae Kyu , Kim Tae Kyu
Published: August 2016

Herein, we propose the photocatalytic mechanism, involving a Z-scheme and oxygen vacancy states, for the MoS2/BiOI/AgI nanocomposite.
A multifunctional material of two-dimensional g-C4N3/graphene bilayer
Authors: Cui Jie , Liang Shuhua , Zhang Jianmin
Published: August 2016

Using first-principles calculations, we present a multifunctional material of g-C4N3/graphene bilayer with great potentials in the field of spintronics and photocatalysis.
Rutile to anatase phase transition induced by N doping in highly oriented TiO2 films
Authors: Breeson Andrew C. , Sankar Gopinathan , Goh Gregory Kia Liang , Palgrave Robert G.
Published: August 2016

Highly oriented TiO2 thin films were deposited onto Al2O3(0001), SrTiO3(001), and LaAlO3(001) substrates by spin coating a titanium alkoxide precursor solution followed by annealing.
Distinction of electron pathways at titanium oxide/liquid interfaces in photocatalytic processes and co-catalyst effects
Authors: Kuwahara Shota , Katayama Kenji
Published: August 2016

The combination of the transient grating method and max entropy analysis revealed three different electron dynamics in the photocatalytic processes of co-catalyst/TiO2, corresponding to intrinsic recombination and the decay of surface-trapped electrons and polarons.
The involvement of triplet receiver states in the ultrafast excited state processes of small esters
Authors: Stephansen A. B. , Larsen M. A. B. , Sølling T. I.
Published: August 2016

The photoinduced processes of methyl formate and methyl acetate have been probed by femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry and photoelectron spectroscopy experiments supported by quantum chemical calculations.
Shuttle inhibition by chemical adsorption of lithium polysulfides in B and N co-doped graphene for Li–S batteries
Authors: Li Fen , Su Yan , Zhao Jijun
Published: August 2016

The shuttle effect can be effectively depressed by the synergistic contribution of N⋯Li and B⋯S interactions.
Gd(iii) and Mn(ii) complexes for dynamic nuclear polarization: small molecular chelate polarizing agents and applications with site-directed spin labeling of proteins
Authors: Kaushik Monu , Bahrenberg Thorsten , Can Thach V. , Caporini Marc A. , Silvers Robert , Heiliger Jörg , Smith Albert A. , Schwalbe Harald , Griffin Robert G. , Corzilius Björn
Published: August 2016

Metal complexes based on Gd(iii) and Mn(ii) spin-labels can be utilized for dynamic nuclear polarization of 1H, 13C, and 15N.
Accurate prediction of bulk properties in hydrogen bonded liquids: amides as case studies
Authors: Macchiagodena Marina , Mancini Giordano , Pagliai Marco , Barone Vincenzo
Published: August 2016

Accurate tuning of polarization effects and generation of effective virtual sites allows bulk properties to be obtained in agreement with experimental values.
Influence of solvent polarity on the structure of drop-cast electroactive tetra(aniline)-surfactant thin films
Authors: Dane Thomas G. , Bartenstein Julia E. , Sironi Beatrice , Mills Benjamin M. , Alexander Bell O. , Emyr Macdonald J. , Arnold Thomas , Faul Charl F. J. , Briscoe Wuge H.
Published: August 2016

The structure of drop-cast thin films of an electroactive oligomer–surfactant complex can be tuned through variation of solvent polarity.
Characterization of step-edge barrier crossing of para-sexiphenyl on the ZnO (101̄0) surface
Authors: Palczynski Karol , Herrmann Philipp , Heimel Georg , Dzubiella Joachim
Published: August 2016

Mass transport processes of conjugated organic molecules (COMs) on inorganic surfaces are essential elements in thin film deposition for hybrid optoelectronic devices.
Solid–liquid equilibria of binary mixtures of fluorinated ionic liquids
Authors: Teles Ana Rita R. , Correia Helga , Maximo Guilherme J. , Rebelo Luís P. N. , Freire Mara G. , Pereiro Ana B. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: August 2016

Within ionic liquids, fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) present unique physico-chemical properties and potential applications in several fields.
Inorganic tin aluminophosphate nanocomposite for reductive separation of pertechnetate
Authors: Levitskaia Tatiana G. , Chatterjee Sayandev , Pence Natasha K. , Romero Jesus , Varga Tamas , Engelhard Mark H. , Du Yingge , Kovarik Libor , Arey Bruce W. , Bowden Mark E. , Walter Eric D.
Published: August 2016

Multifunctional Sn(ii/iv) based composite for highly selective reductive separation of Tc(vii) that undergo phase changes to accommodate the reduced Tc(iv).
Comparison of lipases for in vitro models of gastric digestion: lipolysis using two infant formulas as model substrates
Authors: Sassene P. J. , Fanø M. , Mu H. , Rades T. , Aquistapace S. , Schmitt B. , Cruz-Hernandez C. , Wooster T. J. , Müllertz A.
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to find a surrogate for Human Gastric Lipase (HGL), since the development of gastrointestinal lipolysis models are hampered by the lack of a lipase with similar digestive properties as HGL.
Synthesis of jet fuel range cycloalkanes with diacetone alcohol from lignocellulose
Authors: Chen Fang , Li Ning , Li Shanshan , Li Guangyi , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Wang Xiaodong , Zhang Tao
Published: August 2016

Jet fuel range cycloalkanes were synthesized in high carbon yield (∼76%) with diacetone alcohol which can be obtained from lignocellulose.
The intercell dynamics of T cells and dendritic cells in a lymph node-on-a-chip flow device
Authors: Moura Rosa Patrícia , Gopalakrishnan Nimi , Ibrahim Hany , Haug Markus , Halaas Øyvind
Published: August 2016

A microfluidic approach for analyzing and exploiting immune cell : cell contact communication in a lymph node-on-a-chip.
HOTTIP: a critical oncogenic long non-coding RNA in human cancers
Authors: Lian Yifan , Cai Zeling , Gong Huangbo , Xue Songling , Wu Dongdong , Wang Keming
Published: August 2016

We focus on the current knowledge of HOTTIP in various cancers and illustrate the corresponding mechanism and biological function of HOTTIP during tumor development.
Negative dissipation gradients in hysteretic materials
Authors: Jaafar Miriam , Iglesias-Freire Óscar , García-Mochales Pedro , Sáenz Juan José , Asenjo Agustina
Published: August 2016

Counter-intuitive monotonical reduction of energy dissipation is observed as the tip–sample distance decreases. The sensing of hysteretic processes by means of mechanical methods is reported.
Iodine-mediated regioselective synthesis of vinyl triflones from styrenes with CF3SO2Na
Authors: Hua Li-Na , Li Huan , Qing Feng-Ling , Huang Yangen , Xu Xiu-Hua
Published: August 2016

The iodine-mediated reaction of styrenes and CF3SO2Na proceeded regioselectively to give various potentially useful vinyl triflones.
A fluorescent acrylamide-type monomer bearing an environment-sensitive methoxybenzocoumarin structure for the development of functional polymeric sensors
Authors: Uchiyama Seiichi , Remón Patricia , Pischel Uwe , Kawamoto Kyoko , Gota Chie
Published: August 2016

A new fluorescent acrylamide-type monomer bearing a hydrogen bonding- and polarity-sensitive benzocoumarin fluorophore was synthesized. The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence lifetime of a model compound were measured in ten solvents with different hydrogen-bonding abilities and polarities to investigate the sensitivity of the fluorophore to the surrounding environment. These spectroscopic studies demonstrated that the fluorophore emits stronger fluorescence in more protic, polar environments. A fluorescent polymeric thermometer was prepared from N-isopropylacrylamide and the new fluorescent monomer, and it showed good functionality in aqueous solution (e.g., high sensitivity to temperature changes and high chemical stability), indicating the applicability of the herein developed fluorescent monomer for use in functional sensors.
Manipulating ligand–nanoparticle interactions and catalytic activity through organic-aqueous tunable solvent recovery
Authors: Reynolds S. R. , Markland K. A. , Rood J. , Leonard E. , Saunders S. R.
Published: August 2016

Tunable solvents are leveraged to recover dispersed, PVP-stabilized gold nanoparticles and to manipulate the amount of ligand passivating the surface thereby altering the catalytic activity.
The role of Ni doping on photoelectric gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanofibers to HCHO at room-temperature
Authors: Cui Jiabao , Jiang Jingjing , Shi Linqi , Zhao Fei , Wang Dejun , Lin Yanhong , Xie Tengfeng
Published: August 2016

Ni doping can significantly enhance the concentration of donors, and it is benefit for improving the response of the sensors to HCHO gas.
A triazine-phosphite polymeric ligand bearing cage-like P,N-ligation sites: an efficient ligand in the nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides and phenols
Authors: Panahi Farhad , Roozbin Fatemeh , Rahimi Sajjad , Moayyed Mohammadesmaeil , Valaei Aria , Iranpoor Nasser
Published: August 2016

A reusable polymeric material containing P,N-ligation sites was prepared by a facile one-step route for application in transition-metal catalysis as a reusable P,N-ligand.
Fidelity quantification of mercury(ii) ion via circumventing biothiols-induced sequestration in enzymatic amplification system
Authors: Zhao Yue , Liu Huaqing , Chen Feng , Bai Min , Zhao Yongxi
Published: August 2016

A fidelity quantification of mercury(ii) ion based on nucleic acids amplification is developedviacircumventing biothiols-induced sequestration.
Effect of oxygen functionalisation on the electrochemical behaviour of multiwall carbon nanotubes for alcohol oxidation reactions
Authors: Suryanto Bryan H. R. , Zhao Chuan
Published: August 2016

Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols observed at multiwall carbon nanotubes following simple surface oxidation process.
Synthesis of 1-azulenyl ketones by Brønsted acid mediated hydration of 1-azulenylalkynes
Authors: Shoji Taku , Tanaka Miwa , Araki Takanori , Takagaki Sho , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Ito Shunji
Published: August 2016

Preparation of 1-azulenyl ketones was achieved by metal-free hydration of 1-azulenylalkynes with trifluoroacetic acid in good to excellent yields. In the cases of the reaction of alkyne 1m, isocoumarin congener 4 was obtained in excellent yield.
Side-chain-type anion exchange membranes bearing pendant quaternary ammonium groups via flexible spacers for fuel cells
Authors: Lin Chen Xiao , Huang Xiao Ling , Guo Dong , Zhang Qiu Gen , Zhu Ai Mei , Ye Mei Ling , Liu Qing Lin
Published: August 2016

Highly conductive anion exchange membranes can be achieved by tuning the length of flexible spacer between backbone and quaternary ammonium groups.
Energy transfer in pendant perylene diimide copolymers
Authors: Davis Nathaniel J. L. K. , MacQueen Rowan W. , Roberts Derrick A. , Danos Andrew , Dehn Sabrina , Perrier Sébastien , Schmidt Timothy W.
Published: August 2016

We report the synthesis and characterisation of novel copolymers comprising asymmetric perylene diimide acrylate monomers.
Global metabolic changes induced by plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids following a human poisoning outbreak and in a mouse model
Authors: Robinson Oliver , Toledano Mireille B. , Sands Caroline , Beckonert Olaf , J. Want Elizabeth , Goldin Rob , Hauser Michael L. , Fenwick Alan , Thursz Mark R. , Coen Muireann
Published: August 2016

We identified common metabolic effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloid exposure in both humans, following food contamination, and in a mouse model.
Dementia-related Bri2 BRICHOS is a versatile molecular chaperone that efficiently inhibits Aβ42 toxicity in Drosophila
Authors: Poska Helen , Haslbeck Martin , Kurudenkandy Firoz Roshan , Hermansson Erik , Chen Gefei , Kostallas George , Abelein Axel , Biverstål Henrik , Crux Sophie , Fisahn André , Presto Jenny , Johansson Jan
Published: August 2016

Formation of fibrils of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) is suggested to play a central role in neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), for which no effective treatment exists. The BRICHOS domain is a part of several disease-related proproteins, the most studied ones being Bri2 associated with familial dementia and prosurfactant protein C (proSP-C) associated with lung amyloid. BRICHOS from proSP-C has been found to be an efficient inhibitor of Aβ aggregation and toxicity, but its lung-specific expression makes it unsuited to target in AD. Bri2 is expressed in the brain, affects processing of Aβ precursor protein, and increased levels of Bri2 are found in AD brain, but the specific role of its BRICHOS domain has not been studied in vivo. Here, we find that transgenic expression of the Bri2 BRICHOS domain in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS) or eyes efficiently inhibits Aβ42 toxicity. In the presence of Bri2 BRICHOS, Aβ42 is diffusely distributed throughout the mushroom bodies, a brain region involved in learning and memory, whereas Aβ42 expressed alone or together with proSP-C BRICHOS forms punctuate deposits outside the mushroom bodies. Recombinant Bri2 BRICHOS domain efficiently prevents Aβ42-induced reduction in γ-oscillations in hippocampal slices. Finally, Bri2 BRICHOS inhibits several steps in the Aβ42 fibrillation pathway and prevents aggregation of heat-denatured proteins, indicating that it is a more versatile chaperone than proSP-C BRICHOS. These findings suggest that Bri2 BRICHOS can be a physiologically relevant chaperone for Aβ in the CNS and needs to be further investigated for its potential in AD treatment.