bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sterven als symbolische performance van leiderschap: een kijk op de doodsbeschrijvingen van enkele elfde-eeuwse Lotharingische kloosterhervormers
Authors: Vanommeslaeghe Helena
Published: June 2017

Dying as symbolic performance of leadership : a view on the descriptions of the death of eleventh-century Lotharingian monastic reformers.

This article focuses on the symbolic context of how several reform abbots of eleventh-century Lotharingia shaped their process of dying. The narrative sources that describe their deaths on the one hand continued the tradition of hagiographical topoi and monastic models of the proper way to die. On the other hand, the sources emphasize that these abbots had a very particular view on the process of dying. Through significant acts, symbolic last words, the presence of individuals belonging to their network at their deathbed and the choice of the location of their tomb, these leaders tried to symbolically represent the most important aspects of their leadership, so that they could continue to influence their flocks after their demise. As a result of these attitudes, study of “ abbatial deaths” likely contributes to our understanding of reform ideology in this period.
Une légation au coeur des réseaux de la monarchie de Philippe II. La légation des Pays-Bas espagnols et de la Franche-Comté près le Saint-Siège au temps de l’agent Laurent du Blioul (1573-1598)
Authors: Régibeau Julien
Published: June 2017

Een gezantschap middenin de netwerken van de Monarchie van Filips II. Het gezantschap vanuit de Spaanse Nederlanden en de Franche-Comté te Rome ten tijde van agent Laurent du Blioul (1573-1598).

Het gezantschap vanuit de Nederlanden en de Franche-Comté te Rome ten tijde van agent Laurent du Blioul (1573-1598) heeft vrijwel nooit veel aandacht van de historici verdiend. De reden hiervan zou zijn schijnbare gebrek aan status zijn. Inderdaad is hij ondergeschikt aan de ambassadeur van Filips II te Rome, en de flexibiliteit van deze agent schijnt zwak. In dit artikel hebben we de instelling vanuit een sociologisch en politiek gezichtspunt bestudeerd, om zijn plaats in de Romeinse netwerken van de Monarchía te openbaren. Dit artikel toont aan dat de legatie helemaal niet gemarginaliseerd werd. Integendeel, de legatie was in staat de invloed van de monarchie op de stad uit te oefenen, te onderhouden en te doen toenemen door verschillende exogene middelen die ze ter beschikking hadden. Bijgevolg kan die instelling niet meer beschouwd worden als de weerspiegeling van het diplomatiek verval van de Nederlanden maar, integendeel, ligt ze in de lijn van een inlijving inherent aan de composite monarchy van Filips II.
Contribution à l’analyse des constructions mémorielles en histoire sociale : l’exemple des discours rapportés dans le monde syndical socialiste
Authors: Vanvelthem Lionel , Bettens Ludo
Published: June 2017

Contribution to the analyses of memory construction in social history : the discourse of socialist syndicalists in Liège.

This article analyses the interviews with thirteen members of the Liège syndicalist union Syndicat des employés, techniciens et cadres (SETCa). These oral sources, that served to reconstruct parts of the history of this syndicate in 2012, are used here from a completely different angle. Our goal is to gain insight in the construction of collective images of memories that are present in the discourse of this socialist syndicate. After having established the methodological framework, we focus on the discourse itself. A detailed analysis of the sources reveals different narrative frameworks through which the individual witness borrows words or opinions from voices that are not his own (but are the voices of laborers, employers etc.). It also reveals the frameworks through which the witness identifies himself with an allegedly homogeneous group (such as ‘ the socialists’ in the early 20th century). The article also tackles the way in which an individual represents his own role within a collective action.
Des maisons de louage pour la substentation (...) des pouvres creatures ? La politique immobilière de l’hôpital Comtesse à Lille (1467-1517)
Authors: Dietrich- Strobbe Irène
Published: June 2017

Hired Houses pour la substentation (…) des pouvres creatures ? The Real Estate Management of the Hôpital Comtesse (1467-1517)

In Lille in the second part of the 15th century and at the beginning of the 16th, the so-called hôpital Comtesse, founded in 1237 by Johanna van Constantinopel was the most powerful charitable house in town. A careful study of the accounts kept by the hôpital Comtesse from 1467 to 1517 reveals that this charitable institution owned between 43 and 63 houses. This was twice more than the houses owned by the Paris Hôtel-Dieu in the same period. In Lille, during the same period, there were fewer than 25 000 inhabitants. The aim of this article is not to make one more study over prices and wages in the Middle Ages thanks to the accounts for the construction of the hospital. My aim is to understand the mechanisms of the insertion of a charitable house in the economic and social tissue that surrounds it. In Lille, at the hôpital Comtesse, the articulation between charity and profitability was made thanks to the rigorous management of the property possessed by the institution. The investments made by the masters of the hospital transformed it into an important employer in the construction sector and, also, into a charitable owner. In fact, the goal of the masters was less to gain an immediate and monetized profit than to consolidate the social power of the institution. The accounts constitute a key to understanding the socio-topography of Lille and the way for the assistance – and not only the charity – to become an urban power.
What if the Fast Radio Bursts 110220 and 140514 Are from the Same Source?
Authors: Piro Anthony L. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah
Published: June 2017

The fast radio bursts (FRBs) 110220 and 140514 were detected at telescope pointing locations within 9 arcmin of each other over three years apart, both within the same 14.4 arcmin beam of the Parkes radio telescope. Nevertheless, they generally have not been considered to be from the same source because of a vastly different dispersion measure (DM) for the two bursts by over

. Here, we consider the hypothesis that these two FRBs are from the same neutron star embedded within a supernova remnant (SNR) that provides an evolving DM as the ejecta expands and becomes more diffuse. Using such a model and the observed DM change, it can be argued that the corresponding SN must have occurred within

years of FRB 110220. Furthermore, constraints can be placed on the SN ejecta mass and explosion energy, which appear to require a stripped-envelope (Type Ib/c) SN and/or a very energetic explosion. A third FRB from this location would be even more constraining, allowing the component of the DM due to the SNR to be separated from the unchanging DM components due to the host galaxy and intergalactic medium. In the future, if more FRBs are found to repeat, the sort of arguments presented here can be used to test the young neutron star progenitor hypothesis for FRBs.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Knee as an Outcome Measure in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: An OMERACT Reliability Study on MRI Scales
Authors: Hemke Robert , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Nusman Charlotte M. , van Rossum Marion A.J. , Maas Mario , Doria Andrea S.
Published: June 2017

Objective.

There is increasing evidence that early therapeutic intervention improves longterm joint outcome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Given the existence of highly effective treatments, there is an urgent need for reliable and accurate measures of disease activity and joint damage in JIA. Our objective was to assess the reliability of 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring methods: the Juvenile Arthritis MRI Scoring (JAMRIS) system and the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) consensus score, for evaluating disease status of the knee in patients with JIA.

Methods.

Four international readers independently scored an MRI dataset of 25 JIA patients with clinical knee involvement. Synovial thickening, joint effusion, bone marrow changes, cartilage lesions, bone erosions, and subchondral cysts were scored using the JAMRIS and IPSG systems. Further, synovial enhancement, infrapatellar fat pad heterogeneity, tendinopathy, and enthesopathy were scored. Interreader reliability was analyzed by using the generalized κ, ICC, and the smallest detectable difference (SDD).

Results.

ICC regarding interreader reliability ranged from 0.33 (95% CI 0.12–0.52, SDD = 0.29) for enthesopathy up to 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.97, SDD = 3.19) for synovial thickening. Good interreader reliability was found concerning joint effusion (ICC 0.93, 95% CI 0.89–0.95, SDD = 0.51), synovial enhancement (ICC 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.94, SDD = 9.85), and bone marrow changes (ICC 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.92, SDD = 10.94). Moderate to substantial reliability was found concerning cartilage lesions and bone erosions (ICC 0.55–0.72, SDD 1.41–13.65).

Conclusion.

The preliminary results are promising for most of the scored JAMRIS and IPSG items. However, further refinement of the scoring system is warranted for unsatisfactorily reliable items such as bone erosions, cartilage lesions, and enthesopathy.
L’identité et la fonction de Jean le témoin (Jn 1, 6)
Authors: Amphoux Christian-B.
Published: June 2017

La mention du nom de « Jean », en Jn 1, 6, superpose plusieurs significations : Jean le Baptiste est la plus immédiate et la plus reconnue ; mais le nom renvoie plus fondamentalement au dernier grand-prêtre légitime du temple de Jérusalem, Onias, déposé en - 175 ; et le nom est également la signature de l’auteur de l’évangile ou plus exactement de deux auteurs homonymes mentionnés par Papias dans son témoignage recueilli par Eusèbe de Césarée, dans son Histoire ecclésiastique. Autant de « témoins » superposés en un seul nom, qui sont l’occasion de mettre en évidence une des difficultés de l’écriture savante biblique.
Les enseignements sur l’astrologie d’Augustin d’Hippone et de Thomas d’Aquin dans la bulle Coeli et terrae de Sixte V
Authors: Verardi Donato
Published: June 2017

Cette étude est consacrée à la réception de l’enseignement sur l’astrologie d’Augustin d’Hippone et Thomas d’Aquin dans la bulle Coeli et terrae de Sixte V. Si Sixte V reprend des extraits entiers de la Somme de théologie , il en change radicalement le sens, préférant aux idées de Thomas d’Aquin les positions défendues neuf siècles auparavant par Augustin d’Hippone. Selon Sixte V, l’astrologie divinatoire, comme toute pratique de la nigromancie, est toujours le fruit d’une inspiration démoniaque, trompeuse pour ce qui concerne le domaine de la science et dangereuse pour le domaine religieux et moral.
Hybrid Sliding Mode Control Technology of Electric Vehicle Based on Wireless Sensor
Authors: Zheng Wenfang , Liu Jincui
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study is to solve defects of the existing control strategy long convergence time, sliding mode chattering and so on. For Sensorless Brushless DC motor control strategy, a modified extended Kalman state correction estimation scheme is proposed, and dual mode high-order non-singular terminal hybrid sliding mode control technology is put forward. TMS320F2812DSP core controller and CM200DY-12H inverter module and construction electric car core control module are established, and the program algorithm of the extended Kalman algorithm and hybrid sliding mode control is constructed. The results showed that the control system designed can suppress the system chattering, and the system has strong robustness, which has low requirement on the system model and can eliminate external disturbance input, showing outstanding performance in the convergence time and anti disturbance performance. In summary, a dual mode high-order non-singular terminal hybrid sliding mode control technology put forward is quite suitable for electric vehicle control system.
Patients’ Hand Washing and Reducing Hospital-Acquired Infection
Authors: Haverstick Stacy , Goodrich Cara , Freeman Regi , James Shandra , Kullar Rajkiran , Ahrens Melissa
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND

Hand hygiene is important to prevent hospital-acquired infections. Patients’ hand hygiene is just as important as hospital workers’ hand hygiene. Hospital-acquired infection rates remain a concern across health centers.

OBJECTIVES

To improve patients’ hand hygiene through the promotion and use of hand washing with soap and water, hand sanitizer, or both and improve patients’ education to reduce hospital-acquired infections.

METHODS

In August 2013, patients in a cardiothoracic postsurgical step-down unit were provided with individual bottles of hand sanitizer. Nurses and nursing technicians provided hand hygiene education to each patient. Patients completed a 6-question survey before the intervention, at hospital discharge and 1, 2, and 3 months after the intervention. Hospital-acquired infection data were tracked monthly by infection prevention staff.

RESULTS

Significant correlations were found between hand hygiene and rates of infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (P = .003) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (P = .01) after the intervention. After the implementation of hand hygiene interventions, rates of both infections declined significantly and patients reported more staff offering opportunities for and encouraging hand hygiene.

CONCLUSION

This quality improvement project demonstrates that increased hand hygiene compliance by patients can influence infection rates in an adult cardiothoracic step-down unit. The decreased infection rates and increased compliance with hand hygiene among the patients may be attributed to the implementation of patient education and the increased accessibility and use of hand sanitizer.
Women as managers in the health services
Authors: Berman Jocelyne Kane
Published: June 2017

Despite their numerical superiority women do not occupy positions o f power and authority in the health services generally. This is perceived as being due to a variety of factors which prevent women from realising their ful l potential as managers. In other parts of the world, as well as in South Africa, middle class white males have dominated health services, since medicine became a form al science, usurping the traditional role of women healers. Some research indicates that women are inclined to practice “feminine " management styles. It is suggested that the femine I masculine dichotomy is artificial and that qualities which ensure effective management should not be regarded as genderlinked. Leaders in the health services should strive for interdisciplinary, mixed-gender education and training at all levels. Identification and development of management potential in women health-care professionals, role-modelling and sponsor-mentor relationships should be encouraged to allow women to acquire the full range of management skills and to achieve positions of power and authority in the health services.
The masters degree in Departments of Nursing Science at South African Universities: types, growth and policy differences and similarities
Authors: Brink H.l.L
Published: June 2017

In this exploratory study nine masters programmes in nursing were surveyed to establish the types o f programmes available, the growth o f masters students over the years and the policies governing each programme. Data were collected by means o f a questionnaire developed by the investigator. From the findings it could be established that considerable variation existed in the type o f form o f degree offered, that growth was steady but slow and that both similarities and differences existed in the policies o f the departments. Several areas were identified for additional research.
Standards for the nursing care of the frail aged
Authors: Uys L.R. , Hunt B.N.
Published: June 2017

In this project standards for the nursing care of the institutional care of the frail aged were formulated and then validated by groups of nurses. An instrument was then designed to measure to what extent these standards are reached. The instrument was then tested for reliability and validity in a sample o f 12 institutions in the Eastern Cape and Natal.
Die Kerkwet en die Amp van Dienaar van die Woord
Authors: Pont A. D.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Die Owerheid in die Nuwe Testament en by die Refomatore
Authors: Mans C. J.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Conserving one earth -a look at world conservation
Authors: Vollmar F.
Published: June 2017

It is a great pleasure to join in this symposium held on the occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the National Parks Board of South Africa. I am deeply honoured to have been entrusted with presenting the Keynote Address to the symposium, which brings together those responsible for conservation in southern Africa, and I come here representing both the World Wildlife Fund and its sister organisation IUCN, the Interna- tional Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Having considered contents of the programme before us, I have felt it appropriate to talk on the subject of "Conserving One Earth". First I wish to look at our Earth as we find it today and then discuss the role of conservation both as a tool for wise development and in ensuring that wild things and wild places can continue to contribute to our quality of life.
Summary of the proceedings of the symposium "the state of nature conservation in southern Africa"
Authors: Martiny O.
Published: June 2017

Let me start by saying that the Symposium has, to a very large extent, been a report back from many departments and from many sections within and without the Republic of South Africa, and we are very grateful to the neighbouring States for the valuable contribution they made, in telling us what they are doing.
Apologies and acknowledgements
Authors: Knobel R.
Published: June 2017

Ladies and gentlemen: We have reached the end of our Symposium proceedings and allow me to have a final word.
References to Gauguin paintings in Somerset Maugham’s The moon and sixpence
Authors: Wright Laurence
Published: June 2017

It has not before been noticed that in describing works of art painted by his fictional anti-hero,Charles Strickland, in the novel The moon and sixpence, which is loosely based on the life of Paul Gauguin, Somerset Maugham drew on actual works by Gauguin in his verbal descriptions. Sometimes the references are to specific paintings, at others to phases in his work. For readers familiar with Gauguin’s artistic output, his writings on art and his biography, the effect of this insistent visual ‘quotation’ is to create a disturbing sense of aesthetic dissonance, in that it becomes difficult to accept the inarticulate, surly, impassioned but utterly grim and joyless figure of the fictional Charles Strickland as the source of these vivifying paintings, which possess their own real history and provenance. There is nothing in Strickland of Gauguin’s child-like zest for life, his exuberance, his fantasies, his extrovert willingness to explain his art to friends and the public through fascinating if deeply unreliable writings. The reader must either attempt to blot all knowledge of Gauguin and his art from consciousness, there by denying that Maugham is ‘quoting’ Gauguin’s oeuvre, or else submit to an intolerable level of fictional incredulity and disbelief.
Acute HIV: What is new and how do we treat?
Authors: Von Mollendorf Claire
Published: June 2017

Health care providers are faced with a number of challenges as regards Acute HIV infection. The first challenge is recognition as the acute retroviral symptoms mimic a number of other viral infections. The second challenge is treatment as there are a number of benefits and risks in treating early HIV both on an individual and public health level. This review hopes to address some of these questions.
Common mental disorders in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Thom Rita
Published: June 2017

no abstract available
Assessment and treatment of psychosis in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Jonsson G , Joska John A
Published: June 2017

No Abstract provided
CPD questionnaire
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

N/A
The role of South African traditional health practitioners in the treatment of HIV/AIDS; A study of their practices and use of herbal medicines
Authors: Walwyn David R , Maitshotlo Boitumelo
Published: June 2017

Background

A large proportion of HIV positive South Africans regularly consult Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) for their healthcare needs, despite some evidence of negative interactions with antiretrovirals (ARVs) and no published peer-reviewed clinical evidence for the efficacy of traditional medicines in the treatment of HIV. In this study, we investigated the dominant practices of THPs towards HIV positive patients and whether these practices have changed following widespread public awareness campaigns covering HIV and its treatment.

Method

The study used a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire in the home language of the interviewee. A total of 52 THPs from four provinces (Gauteng, Limpopo, Kwazulu Natal and Eastern Cape) were interviewed. 38% of the respondents were based in the rural areas, and 69% classified themselves as inyangas, with the remainder being sangomas.

Findings

All of the THPs in the survey offered treatment for HIV, although only 20% claimed to be able to cure the disease. 88% prepared their own medication, mostly from plant material, and sold their products as aqueous extracts in labelled bottles. None of these products had been systematically evaluated, and there was mostly no record keeping, either of the patient, or of the medicine itself. Quality control practices such as expiry dates, controlled storage conditions and batch records were totally unknown in our sample. Only 38% of the THPs had received training on HIV/AIDS although 75% believed that they were well informed about the disease. Our own assessment was that only 50% had a working knowledge of HIV; more disturbingly 37% believe that only traditional medicines should be used for the treatment of HIV and a further 50% believe that both traditional medicines and ARVs can be taken simultaneously.

Interpretation

Despite ongoing public educational campaigns on HIV, some of which have specifically targeted THPs, the care of HIV positive patients continues to be compromised by the traditional sector. Although some progress is evident, THP approaches to HIV treatment fails to conform to minimum standards proposed by the World Health Organisation and other organisations, and represents a considerable challenge to the integration of THPs with the biomedical sector, and with the antiretroviral treatment programme in South Africa.
Nonspecific radiographic manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection in 4 HIV-positive adults – diagnosis through transbronchial biopsy
Authors: Goodier Matthew , Rubin Grace
Published: June 2017

Case Study
Pattern of pericardial diseases in HIV-positive patients at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Umar , Adeoye P O , Adebo O A , Adegboye V O , Kesieme E B , Okonta E K
Published: June 2017

Rationale. Pericarditis has been reported as the most common cardiac complication of HIV disease, followed by pericardial effusion.

Methods. A retrospective review was conducted of all 68 patients treated for pericardial diseases between August 2003 and July 2008 at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. HIV-positive patients (N=42) were compared with those who were HIV negative (N=26).

Results. More male than female patients presented with pericardial disease, and the HIV-positive patients were younger than those who were HIV negative. Pericardial effusion was the commonest mode of presentation, accounting for 20 HIV-positive patients (47.7%) and 13 HIV-negative patients (50%). Pericardiostomy was the commonest surgical intervention performed in HIV-positive patients (N=15), while the majority of HIV-negative patients had pericardiocentesis.

Conclusion. Pericardial effusion was the commonest cardiac presentation in HIV-positive patients in our setting. We recommend that patients with pericardial effusion be investigated for HIV infection.
Why have socioeconomic explanations been favoured over cultural ones in explaining the extensive spread of HIV in South Africa?
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Zondo Sizwe , Colebunders Robert , Dlamini Sipho
Published: June 2017

The HIV prevalence in South Africa’s various racial/ethnic groups differs by more than an order of magnitude. These differences are determined not by the lifetime number of sexual partners, but by how these partnerships are more likely to be arranged concurrently in African communities. The available evidence demonstrates that neither HIV nor concurrency rates are determined by socio-economic factors. Rather, high concurrency rates are maintained by a culturally sanctioned tolerance of concurrency. Why then do socio-economic explanations trump cultural ones in the South African HIV aetiological literature? In this article, we explore how three factors (a belief in monogamy as a universal norm, HIV’s emergence in a time of the construction of non-racialism, and a simplified understanding of HIV epidemiology) have intersected to produce this bias and therefore continue to hinder the country’s HIV prevention efforts.
Levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and neopterin in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection
Authors: Bipath P , Viljoen M , Levay Peter F
Published: June 2017

Objectives. To compare the value of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and neopterin as indicators of immune deficiency, co-infection, efficacy of treatment, and disease progression, in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection.

Design. Cross-sectional, investigating baseline blood measurements and clinical observations in 82 HIV-positive patients divided into an antiretroviral treatment (ART) group and an ART-naïve group.

Setting. Secondary general hospital in Pretoria.

Results. Procalcitonin and CRP levels showed no significant differences between the ART and ART-naïve groups, and no correlations with CD4 counts or viral loads. CRP levels were significantly higher with TB co-infection (p
Control and non-progression of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa: A case and review
Authors: Patel P , Brooks M , Anabwani G , Tolle M A
Published: June 2017

Elite and viraemic controllers represent unique subsets of HIV-infected patients who may also be long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). LNTPs constitute an estimated 1 - 15% of the total HIV-positive population in the USA and Europe, but less is known about their epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa. Though the exact mechanisms for long-term non-progression appear to be numerous and are still under investigation, research on elite controllers may hold the key to new therapeutics and vaccine development. The clinical management of such patients can be challenging, as there are no standard guidelines for treatment, particularly in resource-limited settings. We describe the case of an HIV-infected Botswanan man who is likely an elite or viraemic controller.
Reflections on a decade of HIV in my life
Authors: Friend Chantél
Published: June 2017

-
The Hannan Crusaid Treatment Centre – early beginnings and lessons learnt
Authors: Kaplan Richard , Orrell Catherine , Lawn Stephen D , Bekker Linda-Gail , Wood Robin
Published: June 2017

-
Adult antiretroviral therapy guidelines 2014
Authors: Meintjes G.
Published: June 2017

These guidelines are intended as an update to those published in the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine in 2012. Since the release of the previous guidelines, the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in southern Africa has continued. Cohort studies from the region show excellent clinical outcomes; however, ART is still being initiated late (in advanced disease) in some patients, resulting in relatively high early mortality rates. New data on antiretroviral drugs have become available. Although currently few, there are patients in the region who are failing protease-inhibitor-based second-line regimens. To address this, guidelines on third-line therapy have been expanded.Please find a link to the update of this guideline: http://sajhivmed.org.za/index.php/hivmed/article/view/428
Antiretroviral therapy during the neonatal period
Authors: Nuttall James J.C.
Published: June 2017

No abstract available
The right to access to information
Authors: Klinck Elsabe
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Management of HIV/AIDS course
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Making sense of medical insurance in South Africa today
Authors: McDonald Leighton
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Funeral and estate planning for people living with HIV/AIDS: some preliminary points
Authors: Klinck Elsebe
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Botswana-Baylor children's Centre of Excellence
Authors: Lowenthal Elizabeth D. , Anabwani Gabriel M. , Jibril Haruna B. , Barr Beth , Rankopo Opelo M , Kline Mark W
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Trials and tribulations
Authors: Bekker Linda-Gail
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
Post-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2017

No abstract available.
An investigative study of the experiences of elderly people in a South African black township
Authors: Chigali G. M. , Marais M. , Mpofu R. M. B.
Published: June 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences which impact on aspects of the lives and sense of well-being of elderly people in a township in South Africa in order to make recommendations for future service delivery. A cross- sectional, qualitative survey was carried out in Mfuleni Township, a part of the Cape Metropolitan Region in the Western Cape.  Sixteen people of ages ranging from 60-82 years were conveniently selected from a group of elderly people who meet regularly at a community centre. Data were collected through focused  group discussions and unstructured interviews. Analysis of data revealed three main categories namely, psychological/ emotional, socio-economic and health, under which different themes emerged. The experiences of individuals in a given society may vary, but somehow, their basic rights tend to be universal as revealed by the literature. Loneliness and isolation, lack of recreation facilities, loss of dignity and respect, poor health services and lack of shelter are some of the experiences expressed by the elderly people in this sample. These experiences highlight the need for clearly stated policies andcommitment by governmental and non-governmental structures, appropriate health service strategies and improved socio-economic standards supported by properly researched data.
The vision of our scholarship:
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2017

A challenge for South African physiotherapy educators
Do experienced physiotherapists apply equal magnitude of force during a grade I central pa on the cervical spine?
Authors: Conradie M. , Smit E. , Louw M. , Prinsloo M. , Loubser L. , Wilsdorf A.
Published: June 2017

Background and purpose: Physiotherapists frequently use central posterior-anterior (PA) joint mobilization techniques for assessing and managing spinal disorders. Manual examination findings provide the basis for the selection of treatment techniques. From the literature it is evident that the level of reliability varies when physiotherapists perform different mobilization techniques. Repeatability of mobilization techniques is important for better physiotherapy management. The aim of the study was to determine whether experienced physiotherapists apply equal magnitude of force during a grade I central PA mobilisation technique on the cervical spine. Another aim was to determine the variation in the magnitude of forceapplied by each individual physiotherapist. Subjects: Sample of convenience, consisting of sixteen (n=16) selected qualified physiotherapists with experience inOrthopaedic Manual Therapy.Methods: A grade I central PA was performed on the Flexiforce TM sensors positioned on C6 of the same asymptomatic model to measure the applied magnitude of force. Two separate measurements, each lasting 30-seconds, were obtained.Results: The average maximum peak force applied by the majority of physiotherapists (87.5%) was between 10.95gand 72g. The difference in the forces applied for the two measurements ranged between 0.64g and 24.4g. The BlandAltman scatterplot determined the mean of the difference between measurement one and two, calculated for the group, was zero. When comparing the two measurements, little variation was noted in the forces applied, as well as the coefficient of variation for each physiotherapist.Conclusion and Discussion: Current results demonstrated good intra-therapist and moderate to good inter-therapist repeatability. Further research is required to generalize results.
An analysis of pedagogic research in physiotherapy education
Authors: Mothabeng D. J.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: The focus of this retrospective review paper is toexplore and analyse pedagogic research development in physiotherapy education in South Africa.Methods: A content analysis of publications by educators in the SA Journal of Physiotherapy between 1989 and 2003 was conducted to identify and classify the pedagogic articles. Further analysis of physiotherapy education articles was performed to determine the primary foci of the education research, using a three- dimensional pedagogic outcomes research framework.Data analysis: Descriptive statistics in terms of frequencies, means and percentages was used for the analysis. Results: The results revealed that most of the educators’ articles focused on clinical practice. Only 23% of the articles were about education and the majority of those were on clinical education (72%), with few articles on curriculum issues and teaching methods. Conclusion: The research focus of South African Physiotherapy educators is more on the clinical practice, and not on education. The importance of linking research, clinical practice and education cannot be overemphasized, hence the need to develop research in education.
Gender influence on balance performances in the elderly
Authors: Gbiri C. A. , Fabunmi A. A.
Published: June 2017

This study was carried out to investigate gender influence on balance performance of apparently healthy elderly using the Sharpened Romberg Test (SRT) for static balance and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) for dynamic balance assessments. One hundred and three (103) apparently healthy male and 100  apparently healthy female elderly subjects of age ranging from 60 to 74 years participated in this study. They had no history of neurologicaldeficits, postural hypotension, orthopaedics conditions or injury to the back and / or upper and lower extremities within the past five years.Descriptive statistics of range, means and standard deviation were used to analyze the physical characteristics and each of the two tests. The independent t-test was used to compare the balance performances in elderly males and females. The results showed that males performed significantly higher than females in FRT: ( 31.46 ± 12.34) and (24.00 ± 10.73) respectively. Males performed significantly higher than females in SRT in eyes opened (58.51 ± 4.43)and (56.58 ± 6.03) and eyes closed: (46.98 ± 14.89) and (42.59 ± 14.70) performances respectively.It was concluded that males performed significantly better than females in both static and dynamic balance performances.
Establishing the reliability of test procedures in order to investigate the effect of penetrating trunk trauma and prolonged mechanical ventilation on the recovery of adult survivors
Authors: Van Aswegen H. , Eales C. J. , Richards G. A.
Published: June 2017

Gunshot wounds and/or stab wounds to the trunk are injuries commonly seen in South African hospitals. Such injuries often necessitate exploratory surgical intervention to identify and treat injuries to the internal organs. These patients are managed in the intensive care unit and often undergo prolonged mechanical ventilation with immobilization that often results in some degree of muscle dysfunction. In order to monitor the recovery of adult survivors over a 6-month period after hospital discharge, validation ofthe six-minute walk test and hand-held dynamometry between datacollectors was necessary.Methods: Data was collected for the six-minute walk test andhand-held dynamometry by three data collectors.  Subsequently a correlation coefficient (Pearson product momentcorrelate) was calculated and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) performed to assess the degree of associationbetween the data.Results and Discussion: A strong positive correlation existed for data collected on the 6-minute walk test betweendata collectors 1, 2 and 3 with r ranging from 0.71 to 1  (p < 0.025 to p < 0.0005). The intra-class correlation (ICC)scores between data collectors ranged from 0.69 to 0.90 confirming this finding.  A weak to fair correlation existedbetween data collectors for dynamometry measurements of the triceps and quadriceps muscles. Intra-class correlationscores ranged from 0.11 to 0.71.Conclusion: A strongly positive inter-observer correlation existed for data sets for the six-minute walk test. A weakintra-observer correlation existed for data sets collected by data collectors for dynamometry however this improvedwith intervention. The degree of association between data sets for dynamometry should be assessed again during themain study.
Compressed air massage: repeated treatment causes less muscle oedema than a single treatment
Authors: Gregory M. A. , Mars M.
Published: June 2017

Compressed air massage is a new treatment modality that has been shown to cause skeletal muscle capillary dilation for up to 24 hours after a single treatment and significantly hastens healing of diabetic ulcers. This study compares the effect of one treatment of a single muscle group, with repeated treatments of several muscle groups. Methods: Four vervet monkeys underwent one, 15 min, treatment of compressed air massage at 1 Bar, to the tibialis anterior muscle and four animals received similar treatment to the whole lower leg on three consecutive days. The tibialis anterior of the treated and untreated limbs was biopsied immediately after the final treatment. Muscle fibre diameters were measured from 1µm thick toluidine blue stained resin embedded sections using light microscopy and computerized image analysis software. Results: For treatment of the whole lower limb, the mean fibre diameter increased by 6.0% from 47.31±13.4µm(95%CI:46.47-48.16) in control biopsies to 50.14±13.93µm (95%CI:49.26-51.02) in treated muscle (p<0.001).Treatment of a single muscle showed an increase in diameter of 11.3%, from 48.21±12.68µm (95%CI:47.31-49.11) to53.63+14.29µm (95%CI:52.61-54.66 (p<0.001). Treatment of a single muscle caused significantly more oedema thantreatment of the whole limb (p<0.001). Conclusions: Repeated treatment causes skeletal muscle oedema, and this appears to be dose related. Skeletal muscleoedema after three treatments is less than after a single treatment. Further studies on the use of compressed air massage on injured muscle are warranted.
The effect of choral music on emotions, immune parameters and lung function during physiotherapy treatment of pneumonia and bronchitis
Authors: Le Roux F. H. , Bouic P. J. D. , Bester R.
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Music, processed by the brain, has a strong impacton the emotions and health.  The Magnificat in D major of JS Bach communicates not only a positive emotion of happiness but also motivational behaviour. Infectious lung conditions are often associated with negative emotions which develop due to physiological changes. The hormonal action of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axes (HPA) could be negatively affected by emotions of anger and depression.  This will result in a disturbance of the mind-body inter-action.  Music therefore can exert a powerful influence on therapeutic benefits by changing the psychological status and the immune endocrine functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of music, during respiratory physiotherapy treatment on a) theemotional status, b) neuroendocrine responses, c) immune functions and d) lung functions of subjects with infected lung conditions.Method and Materials: Forty subjects attending physiotherapy treatment was selected according to set criteria and randomly assigned to an experimental and control group. The parameters (Profile Of Mood State [POMS]; CD4:CD8 cell ratios; Cortisol; the Cortisol: DHEA ratio; PF; FEV1; FVC and FEV1/FVC %) were measured on day 1before the treatment and on day 3 after the treatment.  Data were analysed with Statistica (Statsoft) using the RepeatedANOVA tests. Results: Results indicated that the intervention of music had a positive effect on the immunological parameter (CD4+:CD8+ cell ratios) and on the cortisol and cortisol:DHEA ratio levels.  At the same time the psychological  status as measured by Profile of Mood States (POMS scale) improved with a significant improvement in the lung functions.Conclusion: The research provided sufficient scientific evidence that music affects both the biomedical and psycho-somatic aspects of infectious lung conditions.
Socio-demographic characteristics of parents and emotional burden on discovery of disabilities of their children in a South African community
Authors: Useh U.
Published: June 2017

Objective: This study investigated the socio-demographic characteristicsof parents of children with disabilities in a South African community. Also studiedwere their emotional responses. Design and methodology: A social survey research and focus group designs wereemployed in this study to explore and describe parental emotions Participants: 174 parents of children with disabilities were randomly selected andinterviewed by this author and four research assistants at different locations in theVenda area of Limpopo Province of South Africa. Results: Out of the 174 parents interviewed 95 (54.6%) were parents of children with physical impairment (PCWPI),51 (29.3%) parents of children with hearing impairment (PCWHI) and 28 (16.1%) were parents of children with visual impairment (PCWVI).  Only 16 (9.2%) of the parents interviewed had tertiary education with a majority (121 (or 69.5%) of them unemployed. These unemployed parents solely relied on the monthly, government disabilitygrant of R620 (or US$89). Responses to grief, anger, shame were highest amongst PCWVI, while PCWPI were most worried (64.2%) and demonstrated the highest percentage emotions of fear (22.1%) and guilt (221.1%). The following percentage of emotions were expresses by parents with formal tertiary education, anger (44%), shame (37.5%), disbelief (25%), guilt (6.3%), worry (50%) and fear (25%). While participants with the highest income (over R1800or about US$257), expressed the following percentage of emotions: grief (70.6%), and disbelief (47.1%). Conclusion: Physiotherapist working with the disabled and their carers in the community within the concept of community based rehabilitation and social model of care would need to understand the characteristics and their emotional burden prior to assisting in creating an enabling environment and holistic empowering activities that wouldassist all.
Assesment, diagnosis and prognosis of bells palsy: a literature review
Authors: Alakram P. , Puckree T.
Published: June 2017

Facial (VII th cranial nerve) palsy is a condition that affects 1 in 5000 people worldwide. More recently it has appeared as one form of the  neural manifestations  of  infection  by  the Human  Immunodeficiency Virus. As such it is likely that this condition will feature more prominently in the caseload of physiotherapists.  Therefore the purpose of this paper is to present to physiotherapists existing knowledge on the diagnosis, objective assessment and prognosis of  facial palsy  through a  literature  review. All  available  primary  and  secondary  sources  of  literature  were  obtained through a search of Medline, Sabinet, PEDRO, the Cochrane library and a wide Google search. Objective ways of assessing Bells palsy and its recovery as  used  currently  by  the Belly Palsy Association  and  accepted  by  the American Academy  of Otolaryngology  and Head and Neck, are presented together with diagnosis and prognosis.
The reliability and validity of upper quadrant posture and two-dimensional range of motion measurement tools
Authors: Van Niekerk S. , Louw Q.
Published: June 2017

Measuring upper quadrant posture and movement is a challenge to researchers and clinicians. A  range of postural measurement tools is commonly used in the clinical setting and in research projects to evaluate postural align-ment, but information about the validity and reliability of these tools and thus as election of the optimal tool for a specific project is often uncertain. This reviewaims to make recommendations to clinicians and researchers regarding practical,valid and reliable tools to assess upper quadrant posture and range of motion.Electronic databases and key journals were searched. An adapted appraisal toolwas utilised to assess the methodology for each of the nine selected articles. Nine eligible articles reporting on thegoniometer, flexicurve and inclinometer were included. This review highlights the fact that a range of two-dimensional(2D) posture measurement tools are being used in clinical practice and research. Although the findings for the reliability and validity of the tools included in this review appear to be promising, strong recommendations are limited by the imprecision of the results. Thus, the primary issue hampering the recommendation for the most reliable and valid tool to use in the clinical or research setting is due to the limitations pertaining the analysis of the data, and the interpretation thereof.
Physiotherapy students’ experiences in implementing a health education programme
Authors: Frantz J.M.
Published: June 2017

The skills required to educate and train the public with the properskills needed to care for themselves through the use of lifestyle modifications arenow becoming an important issue in health professions education. Integration ofhealth promotion in physiotherapy practice has been recommended and implemented.A  qualitative design using open ended questions was used to determine the experiencesof third year physiotherapy students at a local university in the Western Cape inimplementing a health education programme relating to chronic diseases of lifestyle in schools. The evaluation wasconducted at the end of the 5 week intervention programme. The intervention programme focused on providing highschool learners with knowledge regarding risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle. The information for each question was recorded from each student’s response independently and coded according to similarities which finallytranslated into themes. The study highlighted that students needed more practical exposure to health education initia-tives within the clinical programme. It also created the awareness of the personal skills that students develop whenimplementing health education programmes. The implementation of health education programmes by physiotherapistsis a reality and the need to provide students with the relevant experience in various settings is essential.