bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Selection and Identification of Osteoporosis Risk Factors in Women to Improve Their Healthcare
Authors: Zahid Faisal Maqbool , Faisal Shahla , Kamal Shahid , Shahzad Khawar , Iram Seemi , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Rasheed Abid , Hagan John Elvis
Published: July 2023

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. The focus of this case‐control study was to identify significant socioeconomic risk factors of osteoporosis in Pakistani women and examine how the risk increases for different levels of risk factors. A case‐control study was conducted from November 2018 to August 2019 in two main hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Multiple logistic regression was used to explore the significant risk factors of osteoporosis and how the risk increases in cases (cases = 120) as compared to the control group (controls = 120) in the presence of these risk factors. The mean age ± standard deviation for cases and controls was 59.62 ± 10.75 and 54.27 ± 10.09, respectively. The minimum and maximum ages were 36 and 80 years, respectively. In addition to age, bone fracture, family history, regular physical activity, family size, use of meat, type of birth, breastfeeding, premature menopause, loss of appetite, and use of anticoagulants were significant risk factors with p‐values less than 0.05. The risk prediction model with significant risk factors was a good fit with a p‐value of 0.28, corresponding to the Hosmer–Lemeshow test value (χ2 = 9.78). This parsimonious model with Cox–Snell R2 = 0.50 (with a maximum value = 0.75) and Nagelkerke R2 = 0.66 showed an AUC of 0.924 as compared to the full model with all risk factors under study that exhibited an AUC of 0.949.
Data from The MDM2–p53 Antagonist Brigimadlin (BI 907828) in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors: Results of a Phase Ia, First-in-Human, Dose-Escalation Study
Authors: LoRusso Patricia , Yamamoto Noboru , Patel Manish R. , Laurie Scott A. , Bauer Todd M. , Geng Junxian , Davenport Teffany , Teufel Michael , Li Jian , Lahmar Mehdi , Gounder Mrinal M.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Brigimadlin (BI 907828) is an oral MDM2–p53 antagonist that has shown encouraging antitumor activity in vivo. We present phase Ia results from an open-label, first-in-human, phase Ia/Ib study investigating brigimadlin in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT03449381). Fifty-four patients received escalating doses of brigimadlin on day 1 of 21-day cycles (D1q3w) or days 1 and 8 of 28-day cycles (D1D8q4w). Based on dose-limiting toxicities during cycle 1, the maximum tolerated dose was selected as 60 mg for D1q3w and 45 mg for D1D8q4w. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were nausea (74.1%) and vomiting (51.9%); the most common grade ≥3 TRAEs were thrombocytopenia (25.9%) and neutropenia (24.1%). As evidence of target engagement, time- and dose-dependent increases in growth differentiation factor 15 levels were seen. Preliminary efficacy was encouraging (11.1% overall response and 74.1% disease control rates), particularly in patients with well-differentiated or dedifferentiated liposarcoma (100% and 75% disease control rates, respectively).
Significance:
We report phase Ia data indicating that the oral MDM2–p53 antagonist brigimadlin has a manageable safety profile and shows encouraging signs of efficacy in patients with solid tumors, particularly those with MDM2-amplified advanced/metastatic well-differentiated or dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Further clinical investigation of brigimadlin is ongoing.
Data from β-catenin drives butyrophilin-like molecule loss and γδ T-cell exclusion in colon cancer
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyasu , Kilbey Anna , Casa Rodriguez Nuria , Lawlor Amy , Georgakopoulou Anastasia , Hayman Hannah , Yin Swe Kyi Lai , Nordin Anna , Cantù Claudio , Vantourout Pierre , Ridgway Rachel A. , Byrne Ryan M. , Chen Lei , Verzi Michael P. , Gay David M. , Gil Vazquez Ester , Belnoue-Davis Hayley L. , Gilroy Kathryn , Kostner Anne Helene , Kersten Christian , Thuwajit Chanitra , Andersen Ditte K. , Wiesheu Robert , Jandke Anett , Blyth Karen , Roseweir Antonia K. , Leedham Simon J. , Dunne Philip D. , Edwards Joanne , Hayday Adrian , Sansom Owen J. , Coffelt Seth B.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) expressing γδ T-cell receptors (γδTCRs) play key roles in elimination of colon cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which progressing cancer cells evade immunosurveillance by these innate T cells are unknown. Here, we investigated how loss of the Apc tumor suppressor in gut tissue could enable nascent cancer cells to escape immunosurveillance by cytotoxic γδIELs. In contrast with healthy intestinal or colonic tissue, we found that γδIELs were largely absent from the microenvironment of both mouse and human tumors, and that butyrophilin-like (BTNL) molecules, which can critically regulate γδIEL through direct γδTCR interactions, were also downregulated in tumors. We then demonstrated that β-catenin activation through loss of Apc rapidly suppressed expression of the mRNA encoding the HNF4A and HNF4G transcription factors, preventing their binding to promoter regions of Btnl genes. Re-expression of BTNL1 and BTNL6 in cancer cells increased γδIEL survival and activation in co-culture assays but failed to augment their cancer-killing ability in vitro or their recruitment to orthotopic tumors. However, inhibition of β-catenin signaling via genetic deletion of Bcl9/Bcl9l in either Apc-deficient or mutant β-catenin mouse models restored Hnf4a, Hnf4g, and Btnl gene expression and γδ T-cell infiltration into tumors. These observations highlight an immune-evasion mechanism specific to WNT-driven colon cancer cells that disrupts γδIEL immunosurveillance and furthers cancer progression.
Data from β-Catenin Drives Butyrophilin-like Molecule Loss and γδ T-cell Exclusion in Colon Cancer
Authors: Suzuki Toshiyasu , Kilbey Anna , Casa-Rodríguez Nuria , Lawlor Amy , Georgakopoulou Anastasia , Hayman Hannah , Yin Swe Kyi Lai , Nordin Anna , Cantù Claudio , Vantourout Pierre , Ridgway Rachel A. , Byrne Ryan M. , Chen Lei , Verzi Michael P. , Gay David M. , Gil Vázquez Ester , Belnoue-Davis Hayley L. , Gilroy Kathryn , Køstner Anne Helene , Kersten Christian , Thuwajit Chanitra , Andersen Ditte K. , Wiesheu Robert , Jandke Anett , Blyth Karen , Roseweir Antonia K. , Leedham Simon J. , Dunne Philip D. , Edwards Joanne , Hayday Adrian , Sansom Owen J. , Coffelt Seth B.
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) expressing γδ T-cell receptors (γδTCR) play key roles in elimination of colon cancer. However, the precise mechanisms by which progressing cancer cells evade immunosurveillance by these innate T cells are unknown. Here, we investigated how loss of the Apc tumor suppressor in gut tissue could enable nascent cancer cells to escape immunosurveillance by cytotoxic γδIELs. In contrast with healthy intestinal or colonic tissue, we found that γδIELs were largely absent from the microenvironment of both mouse and human tumors, and that butyrophilin-like (BTNL) molecules, which can critically regulate γδIEL through direct γδTCR interactions, were also downregulated in tumors. We then demonstrated that β-catenin activation through loss of Apc rapidly suppressed expression of the mRNA encoding the HNF4A and HNF4G transcription factors, preventing their binding to promoter regions of Btnl genes. Reexpression of BTNL1 and BTNL6 in cancer cells increased γδIEL survival and activation in coculture assays but failed to augment their cancer-killing ability in vitro or their recruitment to orthotopic tumors. However, inhibition of β-catenin signaling via genetic deletion of Bcl9/Bcl9L in either Apc-deficient or mutant β-catenin mouse models restored Hnf4a, Hnf4g, and Btnl gene expression and γδ T-cell infiltration into tumors. These observations highlight an immune-evasion mechanism specific to WNT-driven colon cancer cells that disrupts γδIEL immunosurveillance and furthers cancer progression.
Value-Based Payment for Clinicians Treating Cardiovascular Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Sandhu Alexander T. , Heidenreich Paul A. , Borden William , Farmer Steven A. , Ho P. Michael , Hammond Gmerice , Johnson Janay C. , Wadhera Rishi K. , Wasfy Jason H. , Biga Cathie , Takahashi Edwin , Misra Khamal D. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Advocacy Coordinating Committee
Published: July 2023

Clinician payment is transitioning from fee-for-service to value-based payment, with reimbursement tied to health care quality and cost. However, the overarching goals of value-based payment—to improve health care quality, lower costs, or both—have been largely unmet. This policy statement reviews the current state of value-based payment and provides recommended best practices for future design and implementation. The policy statement is divided into sections that detail different aspects of value-based payment: (1) key program design features (patient population, quality measurement, cost measurement, and risk adjustment), (2) the role of equity during design and evaluation, (3) adjustment of payment, and (4) program implementation and evaluation. Each section introduces the topic, describes important considerations, and lists examples from existing programs. Each section includes recommended best practices for future program design. The policy statement highlights 4 key themes for successful value-based payment. First, programs should carefully weigh the incentives between lowering cost and improving quality of care and ensure that there is adequate focus on quality of care. Second, the expansion of value-based payment should be a tool for improving equity, which is central to quality of care and should be a focal point of program design and evaluation. Third, value-based payment should continue to move away from fee for service toward more flexible funding that allows clinicians to focus resources on the interventions that best help patients. Last, successful programs should find ways to channel clinicians’ intrinsic motivation to improve their performance and the care for their patients. These principles should guide the future development of clinician value-based payment models.
Quantitative and Qualitative Exploration of the Effect of a Wearable Item on Non-Organic Virtual Limb Embodiment and User Behavior in Immersive Environments
Authors: Gorisse Geoffrey , Brousse Audrey , Richir Simon , Christmann Olivier
Published: July 2023

This experiment was designed to investigate the potential contribution to the sense of embodiment of a wristband worn by the participants in both real and virtual environments. In addition, two virtual limb models were compared following a mixed between-within subjects design: an organic hand and a non-organic prosthesis matching the proposed task. Quantitative results revealed no significant effect of the wristband, while post-experiment semistructured interviews revealed that the wristband fostered the identification with the virtual limbs for several participants, but that it might be conditioned by interindividual differences. Ownership scores were significantly higher with the virtual hand. However, participants experienced a very high sense of agency with both conditions despite the lack of finger tracking when controlling the prosthesis. Agency was positively correlated with participants' perceived change in their body schema when embodying the prosthesis. Subjective and objective measures demonstrated that participants were less hesitant and that more collisions were recorded at higher speeds against potentially threatening objects with the non-organic prosthesis.
Intermodel Biases of the Western North Pacific Monsoon Trough in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Feng Xiaofang , Wu Liguang , Wang Chao
Published: July 2023

The impact of climate change on tropical cyclone (TC) activity is often assessed by various downscaling approaches, statistical–dynamical frameworks, and high-resolution global climate models using the projected changes of environmental factors. Uncertainty in simulating and projecting TC-relevant, large-scale circulation is closely linked to the projection of TC activity in a warming climate. Based on the model output in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), this study examines the intermodel biases in simulating the western North Pacific monsoon trough (MT), which is one of the most important large-scale circulation systems for TC activity, especially TC formation. It is found that most CMIP6 models can successfully simulate the climatological mean structure of the MT, although considerable biases remain in its exact location and its simulated historical changes. The mean latitude of the simulated MT spreads between 10° and 20°N, with noticeable differences in its orientation. The multimodel ensemble mean indicates that the MT exhibits no significant long-term zonal and poleward shifts in the future scenarios, consistent with the projection in the selected models in which the simulated MT resembles the observed spatiotemporal characteristics of the counterpart. Further analysis suggests that the intermodel bias in the simulated MT location is closely related to the east–west contrast of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Pacific. More attention is required on improving the simulation of the basinwide SST distribution and its associated MT to reduce the uncertainty in predicting the future location of TC formation.
Benchmarking the Observed Best Predictor
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rohosen , Jiang Jiming
Published: July 2023

We propose two methods for benchmarking the observed best predictor (OBP; Jiang et al.[ 1 ]) in small area estimation under the Fay-Herriot model. Furthermore, we propose two methods for estimating the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of the benchmarked OBP. Theoretical and empirical properties of the benchmarked OBP as well as its MSPE estimators are studied. A real-data example is considered.

AMS Subject Classification: 62J05
Political Attitudes and Disease Threat: Regional Pathogen Stress Is Associated With Conservative Ideology Only for Older Individuals
Authors: Brown Gordon D. A. , Walasek Lukasz , Mullett Timothy L. , Quispe-Torreblanca Edika G. , Fincher Corey L. , Kosinski Michal , Stillwell David
Published: July 2023

What environmental factors are associated with individual differences in political ideology, and do such associations change over time? We examine whether reductions in pathogen prevalence in U.S. states over the past 60 years are associated with reduced associations between parasite stress and conservatism. We report a positive association between infection levels and conservative ideology in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. However, this correlation reduces from the 1980s onwards. These results suggest that the ecological influence of infectious diseases may be larger for older people who grew up (or whose parents grew up) during earlier time periods. We test this hypothesis by analyzing the political affiliation of 45,000 Facebook users, and find a positive association between self-reported political affiliation and regional pathogen stress for older (>40 years) but not younger individuals. It is concluded that the influence of environmental pathogen stress on ideology may have reduced over time.
Tracheal resection and primary reconstruction on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Banskota Samridhi , Khullar Onkar , Fernandez Felix , Sanchetti Manu , Force Seth D , Daneshmand Mani , Javidfar Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

Cross-table ventilation during tracheal resection via posterolateral thoracotomy presents a technical challenge. With the ubiquity of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO), there is now a safe and feasible alternative for intraoperative respiratory support. Airway surgery on ECMO avoids prolonged periods of apnea or single lung ventilation, allowing patients with poor lung function to undergo surgery. Image-guided femoro-femoral cannulation using a low-dose heparin protocol minimizes the risk of bleeding while uncluttering the surgical field. By eliminating the need to constantly reposition the endotracheal tube, visualization is improved, and the rhythm of the case is maintained, which can shorten the anastomotic time. Here, we present a case where venovenous ECMO and total intravenous anesthesia were used to completely support a patient undergoing major tracheal surgery without the need for cross-table ventilation.
In the Shadow of Administrative Decentralization: The Impact of Devolution on Subnational Service Provision
Authors: Li Yiran , Chen Shuo , Peng Yaohui
Published: July 2023

Decentralization is often regarded as a panacea for achieving good governance. Yet few studies have explored how devolution (to subnational governments) affects policy agendas. In this article, we investigate how devolution affects two aspects of public service provision—economic growth and environmental protection based on the experience of China. The results show that the devolution simultaneously promotes local economic development and damages the environment. These mixed effects can be attributed to the administrative mechanism of the interaction between devolution and the distribution of government attention, which is more concerned with outcomes that can be observed in the short run rather than the long run. Our results highlight the complexity of governance and demonstrate the architecture for an effective policy framework design.
Technology 3.0: Police Officers’ Perceptions Towards Technology Shifts
Authors: Aviram Neomi Frisch , Correa Catarina , Oliviera Roberto
Published: July 2023

Police units worldwide are going through a three-generational technological shift: from “street” to “screen” to “system” technologies. This paper focuses on how these digital shifts shape police officers’ perceptions. First, concerning the change from “street” to “screen” police, it focuses on how it changes police officers’ perceptions of discretion and burnout. The shift from “screen” to “system” policy focuses on how perceptions towards “screen” technologies shape the receptivity of “system” technologies. We address these questions using a mixed-method approach to analyze Brazilian police officers’ shift from the Military Police to the Environmental Military Police. Findings suggest that changing from “street” to “screen” police reduces burnout and limited discretion among police officers. Moreover, usefulness in achieving professional goals and perceptions of monitoring via “screen” technology predict receptivity to “system” technology. We conclude that street-level bureaucrats’ perceptions of technological shifts are essential to acknowledge when planning and implementing such changes.
Does Ridehailing Use Affect Vehicle Ownership or Vice Versa? An Exploratory Investigation of the Relationship Using a Latent Market Segmentation Approach
Authors: Batur Irfan , Dirks Abbie C. , Mondal Aupal , Bhat Chandra R. , Pendyala Ram M.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents an examination of the interrelationship between household vehicle ownership and ridehailing use frequency. Both variables constitute important mobility choices with significant implications for the future of transport. Although it is generally known that these two behavioral phenomena are inversely related to one another, the direction of causality is rather ambiguous. Do vehicle ownership levels affect ridehailing use frequency, or does the adoption and use of ridehailing services affect vehicle ownership? If ridehailing services affect vehicle ownership, then it is plausible that a future of mobility-as-a-service would be characterized by lower levels of vehicle ownership. To explore the degree to which these causal relationships are prevalent in the population, a joint latent segmentation model system was formulated and estimated on a survey data set collected in four automobile-oriented metropolitan areas of the United States. The latent segmentation model system recognized that the causal structures driving the mobility choices of individuals were not directly observable. Model estimation results showed that 58% of the survey sample followed the causal structure in which ridehailing use frequency affected vehicle ownership. This finding suggests that there is considerable structural heterogeneity in the population with respect to causal structures and that ridehailing use does indeed hold considerable promise to effect changes in private vehicle ownership in the future.
Analysis of Pedestrians’ Road Crossing Behavior, in Social Groups
Authors: Barón Leidy , Faria Susana , Sousa Emanuel , Freitas Elisabete
Published: July 2023

A significant percentage of pedestrians walk in social groups (friends, families, or acquaintances who walk together). Although patterns generated by social interactions among group members have been shown to affect crowd dynamics, studies on the effect of social interactions at different crossing phases under low pedestrian density are limited. This study aims to comprehensively examine the influence of size and sex composition on pedestrians’ behaviors when walking alone and with friends in different phases before, during, and after the road crossing. For this, experiences were carried out with controlled small groups of friends (varying size and sex composition) at three unsignalized crosswalks with low pedestrian density. The average speed and distance between the young pedestrians in six segments of the trajectories (two in each phase), extracted from video recordings, were analyzed with linear mixed models. Results show that pedestrians reduce their speed when approaching the curb, they accelerate while on the crosswalk, and reduce again when they reach the other side. In all phases, the average speed of the groups was lower than the single pedestrians, and the females’ groups walked slower than the males, except during the crossing, where no sex-related differences were found. On the contrary, before the crossing, the distance increased and decreased from the second segment in the crosswalk. The smallest distance was observed between the female groups and dyads. These findings have relevant implications for research on pedestrian behavior, helping to better understand the complexity of pedestrian dynamics and improve pedestrian safety.
The impact of Covid-19 on Moroccan students’ learning habits, mental health, and physical health (ENSA Fez as a case study)
Authors: Khoumssi Khawla , Achahbar Asmae
Published: July 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic, announced by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 as universal, brought about drastic sanitary measures all along with a thorough lockdown in spring 2020. People’s daily life was affected and ostensible behavioral changes were noticed. The objective of this research is to diagnose the impact of the pandemic on university students (ENSA Fez), how the lockdown affected their lifestyle, their education (distant learning, connectivity problems, withdrawal from course attendance), and mental/physical health deterioration (stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, lack of physical activity). To attain our objective, we resorted to a survey of 250 engineering students from École Nationale des Sciences Appliquées - Fez (ENSAF) who testified on changes in manners, mental/physical health, and emergency remote education–related problems. Data were statistically analyzed, and the results revealed regressions in physical activity and frequently disrupted bedtimes. We concluded that most engineering apprentices suffered from psychological stressors and endured physical health disorders that affected their lifestyle and well-being, all of which have negatively affected their competence and performance. Consequently, our recommendations are related to providing coaches to assess students suffering from health disorders, using innovative teaching methods to increase the motivation and engagement among students via online platforms and affording technical assistance.
Canada’s primary care crisis: Federal government response
Authors: Flood Colleen M. , Thomas Bryan , McGibbon Ella
Published: July 2023

Primary healthcare in Canada is in crisis. One in six Canadians lack a regular family physician and less than half of Canadians are able to see a primary care provider on the same or next day. The consequences are significant in terms of the stress and anxiety foisted upon Canadians in need of care, including limited diagnoses and referrals for potentially life-threatening conditions. This article explores options for the federal government to take a more hands-on role responding to the present crisis that are constitutionally compliant: investments in virtual care; additional funding for primary care tied to a strengthened condition of reasonable access within the Canada Health Act; a federally-funded direct incentive scheme to lure back providers who have left due to burnout; and the establishment of a commission for access and quality in primary care.
High Prevalence of Collagenopathies in Preterm- and Term-Born Children With Periventricular Venous Hemorrhagic Infarction
Authors: Ilves Norman , Pajusalu Sander , Kahre Tiina , Laugesaar Rael , Šamarina Ustina , Loorits Dagmar , Kool Pille , Ilves Pilvi
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic risk factors in term-born children with antenatal periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), presumed antenatal periventricular venous infarction and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction in preterm neonates.

Methods

Genetic analysis and magnetic resonance imaging were performed in 85 children: term-born children (≥36 gestational weeks) with antenatal periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (n = 6) or presumed antenatal (n = 40) periventricular venous infarction and preterm children (<36 gestational weeks) with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (n = 39). Genetic testing was performed using exome or large gene panel (n = 6700 genes) sequencing.

Results

Pathogenic variants associated with stroke were found in 11 of 85 (12.9%) children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction/periventricular venous infarction. Among the pathogenic variants, COL4A1/A2 and COL5A1 variants were found in 7 of 11 (63%) children. Additionally, 2 children had pathogenic variants associated with coagulopathy, whereas 2 other children had other variants associated with stroke. Children with collagenopathies had significantly more often bilateral multifocal stroke with severe white matter loss and diffuse hyperintensities in the white matter, moderate to severe hydrocephalus, moderate to severe decrease in size of the ipsilesional basal ganglia and thalamus compared to children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction/periventricular venous infarction without genetic changes in the studied genes ( P ≤ .01). Severe motor deficit and epilepsy developed more often in children with collagenopathies compared to children without genetic variants ( P = .0013, odds ratio [OR] = 233, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.8-531; and P = .025, OR = 7.3, 95% CI: 1.3-41, respectively).

Conclusions

Children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction/periventricular venous infarction have high prevalence of pathogenic variants in collagene genes ( COL4A1/A2 and COL5A1). Genetic testing should be considered for all children with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction/periventricular venous infarction; COL4A1/A2 and COL5A1/A2 genes should be investigated first.
Numerical analysis of catalyst particle deposition characteristics in a flue gas turbine with an improved particle motion and deposition model
Authors: Cai Liuxi , Yao Jiawei , Hou Yanfang , wang Shunsen , Li Yun , Feng Zhenping
Published: July 2023

To more accurately understand and predict the deposition behavior of catalyst particles in the flue gas turbine cascade, test and numerical combined study is performed in this paper. Based on the systematic analysis of the deposition process and physical mechanism of the catalyst particles, the traditional DRW model, critical velocity particle deposition model and removal model were corrected with the user defined function custom function and validated with the actual deposition morphology. On this basis, the effects of the particle Stokes number and flue gas parameters on the particle deposition characteristics of the flue gas turbine cascade were detailed investigated. The results show that the revised DRW model, critical velocity and removal model can more accurately predict the deposition location and deposition rate of particles in the turbine cascade. With the increase in the Stokes number of particles, the average particle impact rate on the blade surface gradually increased, while the average deposition rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The average deposition rate of particles in the rotor blade surface is roughly twice as high as that in the stator surface. With the increase of the flue gas expansion ratio, the deposition rate of particles less than 3 μm gradually increases, while the deposition rate of particles greater than 3 μm tends to decrease. In addition, the change in the flue gas expansion ratio has no obvious effect on the particle deposition distribution in different size ranges.
A Bayesian multivariate spatial approach for illness-death survival models
Authors: Llopis-Cardona Fran , Armero Carmen , Sanfélix-Gimeno Gabriel
Published: July 2023

Illness-death models are a class of stochastic models inside the multi-state framework. In those models, individuals are allowed to move over time between different states related to illness and death. They are of special interest when working with non-terminal diseases, as they not only consider the competing risk of death but also allow us to study the progression from illness to death. The intensity of each transition can be modelled including both fixed and random effects of covariates. In particular, spatially structured random effects or their multivariate versions can be used to assess spatial differences between regions and among transitions. We propose a Bayesian methodological framework based on an illness-death model with a multivariate Leroux prior for the random effects. We apply this model to a cohort study regarding progression after an osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly patients. From this spatial illness-death model, we assess the geographical variation in risks, cumulative incidences and transition probabilities related to recurrent hip fracture and death. Bayesian inference is done via the integrated nested Laplace approximation.
Ethical Challenges to the Self-care of Nurses during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Manookian Arpi , Nayeri Nahid Dehghan , Dashti Seemin , Shahmari Mehraban
Published: July 2023

Background

The emerging working conditions triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic have imposed numerous ethical challenges on the nurses, which, in turn, can negatively impact the nurses’ physical and mental health, and thus their work performance through intensifying negative emotions and psychological pressures.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to highlight the nurses’ perceptions of the ethical challenges that they faced regarding their self-care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research design

A qualitative, descriptive study with a content analysis approach.

Participants and research context

The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 19 nurses working in the COVID-19 wards of two university-affiliated hospitals. These nurses were selected using a purposive sampling method and the data were analyzed using a content analysis approach.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the TUMS Research Council Ethics Committee under the code: IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1399.594. In addition, it is based on the participants’ informed consent and confidentiality.

Findings

Two themes and five sub-themes were identified, including ethical conflicts (the conflict between self-care and comprehensive patient care, prioritization of life, and inadequate care) and inequalities (intra- and inter-professional inequalities).

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated that the nurses’ care is a prerequisite for the patients’ care. Considering that the ethical challenges faced by nurses are related to unacceptable working conditions, organizational support, and lack of access to facilities such as personal protective equipment, it seems essential to support nurses and provide adequate working conditions to provide patients with quality care.
Interventions for youth suicide and suicide-related behaviour: An update to a systematic review
Authors: Bailey Eleanor , Robinson Jo , Witt Katrina
Published: July 2023

Objective

To update our 2018 review with the latest evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent youth suicide and suicide-related behaviour.

Method

In keeping with our 2018 review, Embase, PsycInfo, and Medline were searched using relevant key words. Included trials were RCTs evaluating the impact of an intervention or approach designed to prevent or reduce youth suicide and suicide-related behaviour. Key data were extracted, and results synthesised narratively.

Results

Thirty RCTs were included across clinical ( n = 13), educational ( n = 8), and community settings ( n = 9). No trials were conducted in workplace or primary care settings, or with indigenous populations, and few trials involved partnerships with young people. There were some concerns or a high risk of bias for most trials.

Conclusion

While a relatively large number of RCTs have been published in recent years, knowledge gaps remain. Further high-quality RCTs are needed, including those focussing on vulnerable population groups. Meaningful consumer involvement and a stronger emphasis on implementation are also recommended.
Relationships Between Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, Mindfulness, and Self-Compassion in Victim Advocates
Authors: Szoke Daniel , Lancaster Cynthia , Hazlett-Stevens Holly
Published: July 2023

Victim advocates experience burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS) in response to their exposure to trauma at work. Mindful awareness may serve as a protective factor against these negative outcomes. The current study examined a sample of 133 victim advocates from across the country to better understand and predict STS and burnout. Higher mindful awareness was found to be associated with lower STS and burnout, even when controlling for other best-known predictors. Self-compassion partially mediated these relationships. These findings support further research exploring the effects of mindful awareness training for victim advocates to reduce STS and burnout.
A theory of coupled strain-gradient plasticity with species transport at small deformations
Authors: Borokinni Adebowale S
Published: July 2023

This work presents a mechanical isotropic rate-independent theory for plastically deformed materials coupled with species transport. The mass and virtual power balances are natural ingredients used in this work to obtain appropriate local balance laws for species transport, macroscopic, and microscopic forces. The second law of thermodynamics is another key tool used to obtain thermodynamically consistent constitutive relations for the species flux and microscopic stresses. The free energy is approximated as a quadratic form and used to obtain the energetic microscopic stresses as linear combinations of their respective energy conjugates and the species densities. Rate-independent Mises flow rule is deduced in terms of accumulated plastic strain and species density. Furthermore, variational formulation for the coupled theory is obtained as a variational inequality.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry: Developing a Framework for Future Research
Authors: Dogru Tarik , Line Nathan , Mody Makarand , Hanks Lydia , Abbott Je’Anna , Acikgoz Fulya , Assaf Albert , Bakir Selim , Berbekova Adiyukh , Bilgihan Anil , Dalton Alec , Erkmen Ezgi , Geronasso Mahala , Gomez Dale , Graves Sue , Iskender Ali , Ivanov Stanislav , Kizildag Murat , Lee Minwoo , Lee Woojin , Luckett John , McGinley Sean , Okumus Fevzi , Onder Irem , Ozdemir Ozgur , Park Hyekyung , Sharma Abhinav , Suess Courtney , Uysal Muzaffer , Zhang Tingting
Published: July 2023

Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) offers important opportunities for the hospitality and tourism (HT) industry in the context of operations, design, marketing, destination management, human resources, revenue management, accounting and finance, strategic management, and beyond. However, the implementation of GAI in HT contexts comes with ethical, legal, social, and economic considerations that require careful reflection by HT firms. The purpose of this study is to offer a critical examination of the effects of GAI applications across a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the HT industry, in an effort to integrate practical and academic insights and foresights and drive academic research forward. Through the contributions of a purposeful selection of scholars, educators, and industry-practitioners, along the tenets of the stakeholder theory of the firm, this study highlights the potential challenges and opportunities of GAI and considers how academics can navigate the (research) complexities of this rapidly evolving technological phenomenon.
Postscript: On the moral case for solidarity with Ukraine: A reply
Authors: Kögler Hans-Herbert
Published: July 2023

This Postscript is a summative reply to the many rich and engaging contributions which support, complement, strengthen, advance, further develop and refine, but also critique and question, and at rare times misread, simplify and distort, central tenets of my lead article in this special issue. To best address the most important themes, I briefly rehearse the aim and relevance of the moral argument, show how it normatively guides political support for Ukraine and address the relation between morality and law. I will then turn to the two normative visions at stake in this war, to assess the analysis and status of Dugin’s Eurasian ideology, to finally take up the claim for principle-based negotiations to achieve a state of ceasefire and, eventually, lasting peace.
Ways to get a more balanced gender representation in addiction journals’ management and workforce
Authors: Babor Thomas , Tsiboukli Anna , Hellman Matilda , Bahji Anees
Published: July 2023

Although the scientific community, particularly academic publishing, claims to be gender-neutral and based on meritocracy, it mirrors other parts of modern society, wherein residual gender imbalances and implicit and explicit gender biases are reproduced. In this report, we address gender imbalances (in particular, the overrepresentation of men) in the editorial workforce of academic journals as barriers to women's promotion and career progression in addiction science. We also consider potential gender-related elements and biases in the peer-review and editorial decision-making processes, which may result in women's lower publication rates, thereby creating another gender-related barrier to women's promotion, career progression and academic recognition. Establishing a more balanced gender representation in addiction publishing will require the adoption of the SAGER guidelines and the development of Gender Equality Plans for addiction specialty journals. Finally, although our focus concerns gender, the organisational mechanisms identified here also affect other types of heterogeneity and intersectional thinking.
Process-structure-property modeling for postbuild heat treatment of powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Liu Jianxin , Yang Xinyu , Chai Xingzai , Boccardo Adrian , Chen Yefeng , Wang Xiaowei , Leen Seán B , Gong Jianming
Published: July 2023

Postbuild heat treatment is an important component in optimized manufacturing processing for laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) Ti-6Al-4V. The development of predictive modeling, based on the understanding of the relationships between process parameters, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties, is a potentially key ingredient in this optimization process. In this paper, a process-structure-property (PSP) model is developed to predict the effect of postbuild heat treatment on yield strength, which is a key tensile property for PBF-LB Ti-6Al-4V. The process-structure part is developed with a focus on the prediction of solid-state phase transformation, especially dissolution of martensite during the heating phase. Subsequent tensile properties are quantified by a microstructure-sensitive yield strength model based on the predicted microstructure variables. The integrated PSP model is validated via experimentally measured phase fraction, α lath width and monotonic tensile tests on PBF-LB Ti-6Al-4V with different heat treatment temperatures, for identification of optimal process parameters.
We need a field of educational ethics
Authors: Levinson Meira
Published: July 2023

During the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-makers faced numerous ethical questions in biomedical science, public health, educational policy, and education practice. Bioethicists were key partners in informing decision-making in their areas of expertise; educational ethicists, on the other hand, had to fight our way to the table if we got in the building at all. How did bioethics go from non-existent as a field in 1960 to ubiquitous a half-century later, and how could normative work in and about education make the same leap? This article uses bioethics as a foil to argue for why we need a new field of educational ethics, what such a field could accomplish, and how it might do so. It describes the kinds of problems that bioethics was created to address and the different roles that bioethicists play. The article argues that edethicists can and should address the same kinds of problems as well as play similar scholarly, clinical, and policy-oriented roles.
Detection of Single Cancer Cell Multidrug Resistance With Single Cell Bioanalyzer
Authors: Cai Jun , Fan Xing-Xing , Li Run-Ze , Lin Hong , Li Min , Song Qi , Xie Chun , Wong Gregory , Liu Sam Ting-Chung , Cao Ya-Bing , Leung Elaine Lai-Han
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Despite the development of various cancer treatment methods, chemotherapy remains the most common approach for treating cancer. The risk of tumors acquiring resistance to chemotherapy remains a significant hurdle to the successful treatment of various types of cancer. Therefore, overcoming or predicting multidrug resistance in clinical treatment is essential. The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an important component of liquid biopsy and the diagnosis of cancer. This study aims to test the feasibility of single-cell bioanalyzer (SCB) and microfluidic chip technology in identifying patients with cancer resistant to chemotherapy and propose new methods to provide clinicians with new choices. Methods: In this study, we used rapidly isolated viable CTCs from the patient blood samples method combined with SCB technology and a novel microfluidic chip, to predict whether patients with cancer are resistant to chemotherapy. SCB and microfluidic chip were used to select single CTCs, and the accumulation of chemotherapy drug was fluorescently measured in real time on these cells in the absence and presence of permeability-glycoprotein inhibitors. Results: Initially, we successfully isolated viable CTCs from the blood samples of patients. Additionally, the present study accurately predicted the response of 4 lung cancer patients to chemotherapeutic drugs. In addition, the CTCs of 17 patients with breast cancer diagnosed at Zhuhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were assessed. The results indicated that 9 patients were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs, 8 patients were resistant to a certain degree, and only 1 was completely resistant to chemotherapy. Conclusion: The present study indicated that the SCB technology could be used as a prognostic assay to evaluate the CTCs response to available drugs and guide physicians to treatment options that are most likely to be effective.
Revision Surgery is Possible in Patients With Previous Bovine Pericardium Inferior Vena Cava Reconstruction: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Risbey Charles , Khoma Oleksandr , Shin Joo-Shik , Sandroussi Charbel
Published: July 2023

There is a paucity of research investigating revision surgery for patients with previous inferior vena cava (IVC) reconstruction using bovine pericardium (BP). To the best of our knowledge, no reports of redo procedures have been published in the medical literature. We describe two cases of redo surgery in patients with previous IVC reconstructions using BP following disease recurrence. The first case underwent resection of the BP graft with a second IVC reconstruction using BP, the second case underwent resection of the BP graft without reconstruction due to extensive thromboses. Neither case experienced perioperative complication or morbidity following their redo procedure, and previous IVC reconstruction with BP did not present significant intraoperative technical challenges. One case showed evidence of endothelialisation of the excised BP graft, however, it was not possible to definitively conclude if endothelialisation was present in the second case. Overall, these cases demonstrate that previous IVC reconstruction using BP should not be considered an absolute contraindication for redo surgery in the context of disease recurrence.
Thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: An individual participant-level meta-analysis
Authors: Shahjouei Shima , Bavarsad Shahripour Reza , Dumitrascu Oana M
Published: July 2023

Background:

Whether thrombolysis improves outcomes in non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (naCRAO) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the rate of visual recovery after intra-venous thrombolysis (IVT) or intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or urokinase among patients with naCRAO and explore the parameters affecting the final visual acuity (VA).

Aim:

We systematically searched six databases. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and VA of ⩾20/100 were used to quantify visual recovery. To explore the role of other factors on visual recovery, we defined two models for studies with aggregated data (designs 1 and 2) and 16 models for individual participant data (IPD, models 1–16).

Summary of Review:

We included data from 771 patients out of 72 publications in nine languages. Visual improvement for ⩾0.3 logMAR was reported in 74.3% of patients who received IVT-tPA within 4.5 h (CI: 60.9–86.0%; unadjusted rate: 73.2%) and 60.0% of those who received IAT-tPA within 24 h (CI: 49.1–70.5%; unadjusted rate: 59.6%). VA of ⩾20/100 was observed among 39.0% of patients after IVT-tPA within 4.5 h and 21.9% of those with IAT-tPA within 24 h. IPD models highlighted the association between improved visual outcomes and VA at presentation, at least 2 weeks follow-up before reporting the final VA, antiplatelet therapy, and shorter symptom onset to thrombolysis window.

Conclusion:

Early thrombolytic therapy with tPA is associated with enhanced visual recovery in naCRAO. Future studies should refine the optimum time window for thrombolysis in naCRAO.