bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consultancy Reflections on the Impact of Groupware
Authors: Smith Bryan , Dodds Bob
Published: May 2004

Looks back at developments in the European business environment over the
last ten years. Details some of the rapid changes, e.g. in use of
electronic information systems. Also describes the introduction of
advanced groupware systems and the differences in application across
national boundaries. Considers the issues of human relationships and
cultural change which underlie many of these differences.
The learning organization in review
Authors: Mumford Alan
Published: May 2004

Looks at, discussing in depth, a number of works based on the
learning organization. Compares, their strengths and weaknesses, and
uses them to illustrate the possibilities and dangers of the current
excitement regarding the learning organization. Concludes by redefining
the learning organization, suggesting that it is the final level in a
learning pyramid.
Management development and transformation in the Guernsey public sector
Authors: Robinson Graham , Hurley Chris
Published: May 2004

Describes a process of management learning and development involving over 100 senior public sector managers in the States of Guernsey and covering a period of six years. Details the programme’s content and action learning approach which had much in common with many other management development processes. However, highlights the fact that it involved the whole spectrum of public sector activity (from policy making, service purchasing and service providing to utilities trading) and that more than 20 chief executives and their senior management teams participated in the process, which makes it somewhat unusual. Reports that, in the wake of the programme, a fundamental shift in the “doing of management” would appear to have taken place, involving a willingness to share resources, to break out of silos and to experiment across previously well‐defended boundaries; and notes that it has also generated a healthy appetite for further learning.
Training in the implementation and use of electronic resources: a proposed curriculum for Vietnam
Authors: Anh Tran Lan
Published: May 2004

Based on extensive fieldwork in Vietnam and first‐hand knowledge of library science education in the country, the paper proposes a detailed library school curriculum in electronic information and electronic resources. Drawing heavily on the experience of developed countries, the paper develops a series of ten courses that together provide in‐depth training in all aspects and types of electronic resources. The paper discusses not only course content but also teachning methods, IT requirements to support teaching, and staffing.
Project 6 – A Different Space for Learning: Developing a
Learning Organization
Authors: Nichols Jan
Published: May 2004

Librarians, their academic colleagues, and students face many
challenges as a result of the increase in student numbers and the move
to student‐centred learning. At Bristol Business School (BBS), these
were addressed by a number of staff development projects. Project 6
researched the lecturer, the student and change. The project group
comprised members with varied backgrounds including the BBS subject
librarian. The research took the form of focus group discussions with
first‐year undergraduate business studies students. The results
suggested that the most important issue for them is leaving home; they
developed coping strategies to deal with overcrowding and lack of study
space; assignments and tests are the greatest motivators to student
learning. The research process and results of developing the learning
organization of Project 6 were demonstrated and disseminated via a BBS
workshop and a national conference at Bolton Business School. The
experience of Project 6 has been instrumental in effecting a culture
scheme within BBS as other learning sets now operate looking at specific
teaching and learning issues which recognize the primacy of the student
experience.
Automatic abstracting research
Authors: Johnson Frances
Published: May 2004

The prospect of automatically generating abstracts has attracted researchers for some time, but the promise of superseding the human effort has yet to be realized. Surveys the approaches and techniques developed with the view to showing why this is so. Particular emphasis is placed on the requirements for the production of abstracts, which effectively serve their intended function, to show the ways in which this has hampered research in the past. Suggests that progress of automatic abstracting research may come about via the integration of some of the techniques into computerized information retrieval systems. This will allow researchers to shift the aim from reproducing the conventional benefits of abstracts to accentuating the advantages to users of computerized representation of information in large textual databases.
What’s in a library? Or a bookshop?
Authors: Goodbody Jennifer , Campbell‐Preston Emma , Heaney Jennifer , Thomson Sandra
Published: May 2004

Includes four outstanding essays from the Scottish Schools Essay Competition, illustrating how children see libraries and bookshops, and improvements they would like to see made. Demonstrates not only good creative writing, but an awareness, on the part of the young, of what is currently available and what could become available for the library/bookshop user. Includes some criticism and some praise, particularly with regard to the modern library.
World Wide Web resources for English studies
Authors: Bottino James R. , Baker William
Published: May 2004

Presents an evaluative assessment of resources for English studies available on the World Wide Web. Suggests that the WWW will prove potentially most valuable to English studies, although currently in its initial stages of development.
Making sense of strategic management: towards a constructive guide
Authors: Moore Sarah
Published: May 2004

Presents a recently developed conceptual model of strategy in
organizations. Aims to examine three major levels at which top managers
are required to operate. Organizes related concepts under a new
paradigmatic umbrella. This portrays strategy as an iterative complex
process with some simple central components. Top managers need to be
aware of the context, content and process of strategy. Outlines and
explains a conceptual model which attempts to integrate and make sense
of the theory of strategy in a way which can be relatively easily used
by practitioners.
TDM grid: an effective tool for implementing strategic plans in
academic institutions
Authors: Korey George
Published: May 2004

Quality of academic institutions depends on how well academic
activity is integrated with the right process. This involves the
development of all administrative structures and efficiency of managing
the institution. Team decision‐making (TDM) grid will be of value in
strategic planning – through improvement of analysis of
activities, problems and decisions within the organizational structure.
The system eliminates work duplication and overlapping of
responsibilities and invites the interest and participation of faculty.
TDM grid can be of great assistance through decentralization of
authority and responsibility, elimination of confusion in the
preparation of a strategic plan, facilitation of information flow and
better motivation of the university community.
Beyond service quality in search of relationship values
Authors: Mattsson Jan
Published: May 2004

Notes relationship marketing’s need for an overarching theory, suggesting the use of a formal value construct to meet this need. Points out that a broad, generic theory of value is needed and suggests that humanistic philosophy provides such a theory. Looks at various factors such as the basic tenets of formal value and what lies beyond service quality research, suggesting an increased focus on relationships. Underlines the importance of value backgrounds in keeping transactions together as relationship entities.
Bonus for internal auditors – a case study
Authors: Wilde Edwin
Published: May 2004

A reward system for VAT inspectors was described in the March/April
1995 issue of Work Study. It worked well in practice and the
internal auditors of the same organization, who were involved in
assessing the quality of inspection, clamoured to have an incentive for
their own work. Management agreed and the consultants started this new
assignment.
Are men and women different at work
Authors: Margerison Charles , McCann Dick
Published: May 2004

The influx of women into the work‐force, particularly at the
supervisory and managerial levels, has had a major impact. However, do
women prefer to work in the same way or differently than men? As a
result of a study involving 8,287 men and 5,077 women in different
industries and countries we can see the similarities and the
differences.
Reinforcing our moral vision: examining the relationship between unethical behaviour and computer crime
Authors: Cardinali Richard
Published: May 2004

According to Senn few areas of social behaviour are as complex and contro‐versial as ethics.
Philosophers have been debating ethics for the past 3,000 years without
arriving at a consensus. But that is the good news. The bad news is that
everyday we witness grossly unethical behaviour on the part of a few
government officials and corporate executives, some of whom even seem to
take pride in their schemes. Many of the people involved get away with
their unethical behaviour.
Understanding the fundamentals for managing change
Authors: Mohanty R.P. , Yadav O.P.
Published: May 2004

Industrial and commercial organizations are socio‐technological systems: the social sub‐system is a prime factor in the achievement of growth through the introduction of technology. The efficient and effective utilization of the technological sub‐system depends on the leadership and decision making which underpins the organizational mission. The inter‐relationship between the technological and social sub‐systems is both an important part of, and directly affects, the culture of the organization. This culture changes over time ‐ in accordance with the demands of, and changing values of, society. In recent years, TQM has been a major influence on culture change in organizations ‐ such devices as quality circles, small group activities, continuous improvement projects, self‐managing teams, and total employee involvement programmes are aimed directly at raising the contribution of employees but are instrumental in the process of culture change, which is the primary focus of TQM. Discusses how an organization can bring about such change.
Flexible friends? Lone parents and retail employment
Authors: Nickson Dennis , Warhurst Chris , Lockyer Cliff , Dutton Eli
Published: May 2004

This paper considers a so far unappreciated sector of the labour market – lone parents. The number of lone parents has increased dramatically in recent years. Consideration of lone parents allows for a discussion of two key issues within the contemporary labour market: the attempts by government to increase the number of lone parents in work; and relatedly, governmental initiatives which have sought to reform the tax and benefit system to make work more attractive and also address the need for work‐life balance for parents. The paper considers these issues by reporting a small‐scale piece of research that sought to address the viability of the supermarket sector as a suitable employer for lone parents. The results suggest that the increasing numbers of students entering the labour market means that supermarkets are unlikely to consider lone parents as an important, discrete source of labour.
Prohibiting sexual harassment in the European Union
Authors: Gomes Glenn M. , Owens James M. , Morgan James F.
Published: May 2004

European Union policymakers have taken a courageous step toward outlawing sexual harassment as a form of gender‐based discrimination throughout the EU with the recent passage of the amended equal treatment directive. While the edict seeks to harmonize member states' laws regarding the equal participation of men and women in the labor market, a number of public policy issues will arise as individual member states formally implement the directive. This article begins by identifying the principal components of the directive. It then focuses on two likely areas of intense public policy debate: operationalizing the definition of “sexual harassment,” and protecting employers from liability under certain circumstances. Where appropriate, the article draws upon corollaries and parallels in US law that may provide guidance to policy makers on these issues. The article concludes by offering practical suggestions for employers who would like to take the initiative in creating workplace reforms consistent with the principles underlying the directive.
Job rotation in academic libraries: the situation in a Nigerian university library
Authors: Olorunsola Richard
Published: May 2004

Reports a study of staff opinion concerning job rotation at the University of Ilorin Library. Data were gathered using a questionnaire. It was found that the reaction to the possible introduction of job rotation was generally positive. It is suggested that the library manager should consider the introduction of a policy of job rotation policy in the library and indicates an approach that could be used when it is introduced.
The utilization of aid organizations in the development of information technology in developing countries
Authors: Nkereuwem Edet E.
Published: May 2004

Aid agencies have played a major role as sources of funding in assisting developing countries to implement projects involving information technology. In many developing countries large human and capital resources are now being committed to the development of information technology. The aid agencies conceived the development of the information technology infrastructure as a necessary adjunct to the overall development of the economy. The aid organizations have also gone a step further to help developing countries build their own capacity in information technology. Reports on the efforts initiated by leading aid agencies in funding projects aimed at the development of information technology, with special emphasis on information technology development in libraries in Africa. Suggests means as to how aid organizations can assist developing economies to develop information technology.
Information retrieval: from paper to electronic delivery
Authors: Robson David
Published: May 2004

Summarizes briefly the development of online bibliographic databases from their beginnings in the early 1970s to the present. Warns that most academic journal publishers have not changed their structures and overheads and that they must now co‐operate strategically with agents and libraries if they are not to be made redundant by the virtual library.
Marketing the public library service to the full‐time employed: future directions?
Authors: Wadley Andrea L. , Broady Judith E. , Hayward Tim E.
Published: May 2004

Develops an earlier discussion in which the authors argued that the public library service fails in a number of ways to provide an effective service to the full‐time employed. Suggests the characteristics of an effective service for such a market segment using the marketing mix framework. The methods examined concentrate on distribution systems which have the potential to minimize cost to the consumer and to maximize timeliness and convenience of location. Contends that such methods fall into three main categories: in‐house, outreach and remote access. Examines these three categories of service for their suitability, and considers funding, methods of publicity and the control processes necessary to continuity of service effectiveness.
Analysing business performance: counting the “soft” issues
Authors: Louise Claire
Published: May 2004

Management literature describes the “revolution” in business performance measurement which encourages the use of “soft” employee‐related measures, such as employee satisfaction, morale and commitment. Cultural issues have been identified as common stumbling blocks to progress in organizational change programmes, such as total quality management; hence, the use of measures in monitoring or inducing cultural change has great potential. Describes the results of a postal survey of the Times Top 500 companies carried out in early 1995, designed to probe issues such as the degree of use of these measures and associated benefits. The results, derived from 45 companies, reveal a significant gap between management theory and practice in this area. Few companies report innovative use of “soft” measures in the determination of business strategy, i.e. the “balanced scorecard” approach, which is attributed to the lack of evidence of “hard” (financial) benefits from companies successfully involved in this practice.
Cross‐cultural leadership dynamics in collectivism and high power distance settings
Authors: Schermerhorn John R. , Harris Bond Michael
Published: May 2004

Individualism‐collectivism and power distance are among the dimensions of national culture frequently discussed in the leadership literature and in executive development programmes. Examines cross‐cultural leadership implications of the likely interaction of collectivism and high power distance. Includes a call for more awareness of how collectivism and power distance may together influence workplace behaviour. Suggests that this awareness needs to be incorporated in cross‐cultural leadership training and research agendas.
Comments on Frederic M. Scherer’s “Heinrich von Stackelberg’s Marktform und Gleichgewicht”
Authors: Krause Günter
Published: May 2004

Reviews the international response to Marktform und Gleichgewicht, and questions the reactions of astonishment by some critics, including Scherer, concerning Stackelberg’s explanation of disequilibrium of certain market structures. Defends Stackelberg’s standpoint by considering the specific historical context. Looks at Cournot’s continuity thesis and challenges the assumption of analogous market configurations. Suggests that Stackelberg’s theoretical derivations may have been intended to provoke further scientific study.
Silhouette imaging for feeding and orienting parts
Authors: Calhoun James , Baird Randy
Published: May 2004

Discusses the use of silhouette imaging in correcting the feeding and
orienting of parts in assembly operations. Using sensors that can sense edge
points via data transitions, edge detecting algorithms can be employed to
orient parts or gauge discrimination. Outlines the advantages and
disadvantages of dealing with a binary image in relation to greyscale image
analysis. Examines the various sensor technologies that can be used to create
an article silhouette and looks at the benefit of using a backlit CCD array
system where the silhouette of a transparent or opaque article is
required.
Generic gripper—grabs your components
Authors: Bright G. , Martegoutte S.L.
Published: May 2004

Looks at a research project to design a generic robotic gripper able to
assemble a PC board with electronic components as efficiently as possible.
Discusses the concept of grouping electronic components into part families to
allow for the design of a generic gripper to manipulate a component from each
group. Outlines the design and operation of the gripper and the monitoring
of its performance. Concludes that the concept of a low cost, low maintenance
generic gripper compares favourably with specialized robotic
end‐effectors.
Deburring: a joint operation
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: May 2004

Explores the potential for the use of robotic techniques in the component finishing task. Features a joint project by the French CEA (atomic energy commission) and Stäubli and Seva which has just received government funding. Notes elements of the project such as the role of the man/machine interaction and reports positive conclusions to the deburring study.
Dimensional management versus tolerance assignment
Authors: Craig Mark
Published: May 2004

Looks at the advantages of dimensional management in improving quality and reducing cost through controlled variation and robost design as opposed to the more traditional tolerance assignment. Lists the limitations of tolerance assignment and details the six basic steps of the dimensional management process. Gives practical advice on how to undertake the process of dimensional management.
Interview with Janet Majilton, Collection Development Officer, Memphis Shelby County Public Library & Information Center
Authors: Cassell Kay Ann
Published: May 2004

Presents: Janet Majilton’s responses to questions covering her role and responsibilities as collection development officer; the County Public Library and Information Center’s relationship with branch libraries in respect of collection evelopment policies: retrospective purchasing; collections unique to the County Public Library; community responsiveness; the impact of new technology and the library’s collection assessment project.
Strategy and strategists in UK local government
Authors: Flynn Norman , Talbot Colin
Published: May 2004

Top‐down or outside‐in change methodologies are increasingly seen to be ineffective. Systems thinking suggests that change in organizations is a much less straightforward and more subtle phenomenon than previous models allow. Since the late 1970s and as organic metaphors have become used more, the concept of organizational learning has emerged as central to the issue. However, an understanding of how this may take place is still undeveloped. Recently technologies for whole systems development have emerged based on Weisbord′s dictum that for change or learning to occur we need to “get everybody into improving the whole”. Whole systems development can offer a way to realizing the learning organization. Provides a case study of whole systems development in action within Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council in the UK. Begins with a brief account of the ideas on which whole systems development is based and concludes with a commentary on the case study.
Technical Factors Influencing Decisions to Select Underpinning on Shrinkable Clay
Authors: Wilkin D. , Baggott R.
Published: May 2004

While the tendency for clay to shrink in dry weather and to damage buildings has been known for more than a century, the post‐war work of the Building Research Establishment and recent availability of insurance funds to pay for rectification of subsidence damage have led to a focus on this aspect of building failure, where millions of pounds are spent annually. At some point in each case a decision is made as to whether underpinning is required or not. Reports results of a survey of the technical factors which engineers consider when making a decision of whether to recommend underpinning. Analysis of the data indicated that only one factor, the quantity of damage, significantly influenced the under‐pinning decision.
“Repair” in Context
Authors: Williams Del W.
Published: May 2004

Lists various legal cases involving a landlord′s obligation to effect
repairs to property, such as: repair vs. renew; replacement; tenant′s
obligation to notify and/or contribute towards the cost of damage;
lessor′s and lessee′s obligations; “running repairs”, etc.
Piling Methods – Pros and Cons
Authors: Holland G.R.
Published: May 2004

Reviews piling methods and their possible effects, mainly during
construction, on adjacent structures, noting that piling falls into two
basic types: displacement, where the material is forced into the ground,
and replacement, where the ground is removed and replaced with concrete
or grout. Examines the merits and demerits of their various
applications.
Sick building syndrome – the real facts – what is
known, what can be done
Authors: Rooley Richard
Published: May 2004

Lists groups to be considered at the start of a building project in
order to improve internal air quality. Provides several symptoms of sick
building syndrome, as described by the World Health Organisation, and
details some regulations and certain recommendations as to the original
design. Considers some common indoor and outdoor pollutants, and
concludes that the workforce should contribute to a healthy environment
by reporting to management when dissatisfied.
Basic diagnostic chemical tests for building surveyors
Authors: Douglas James
Published: May 2004

A significant part of many building surveyors′ work is the
investigation of building defects. In many cases a proper diagnosis
cannot be made solely by visual means. Some building problems are
difficult to assess without the aid of instruments and further tests.
Outlines some of the main simple diagnostic chemical tests that building
surveyors may wish either to undertake themselves or to instruct
specialists to carry out as an aid to their diagnosis of defects.
Although such tests are indicative, they are usually sufficient to allow
a preliminary diagnosis in many building pathology cases.
Moisture beneath suspended timber floors
Authors: Harris D.J.
Published: May 2004

Suspended timber floors are probably the most common form of
construction for ground floors in existing British housing, although
they exist in only a small proportion of newly built houses. If moisture
builds up in the crawl space beneath the floor, wet or dry rot may
begin, leading to structural damage to the floor and foul smells
entering the living areas. The crawl space is ventilated by air bricks
to prevent this happening, but this is often inadequate, and many houses
suffer from damp conditions in the crawl space which are potentially
harmful. These can be alleviated by increasing the ventilation, but the
increased flow of cool outside air beneath the floor leads to higher
heat losses in winter. Examines the relationship between crawl space
ventilation rate and relative humidity.
Small urban spaces: part 6 ‐ pavings
Authors: Catt Richard
Published: May 2004

Looks at pavings and how they contribute to the character of villages, towns and cities. Surveys the history of pavings from Roman times, and discusses the different types of paving which can be found. Concludes with an outline of legal controls and planning policies.
Savings in the Cards
Authors: Coyle‐Camp Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2004

Cashless payment systems are rapidly taking over from cash in corporate
catering and vending. As major organizations like British Nuclear Fuels
(BNFL) and Manchester Airport have discovered, the removal of on‐site
cash handling systems can produce significant operational savings and
better service efficiencies. Reviews the cashless payments market and
the cost of cash management systems. Examines card applications
solutions at BNFL and Manchester Airport and typical system functions.
Reviews cashless system functions, card technologies and
“contactless” smart card systems in loyalty schemes. Looks at system
integration costs and multi‐application “one‐stop” card systems.
A Strategy for Facilities Management
Authors: Alexander Keith
Published: May 2004

Facilities management is rapidly developing as a discipline, vocation
and business service. A collaborative strategy is needed among leaders
in practice, education and research to ensure that the processes are
fully understood, knowledge and experience are shared and that
professional and ethical standards are established to provide the
benchmarks for effective practice. Early developments have been based on
a strong practical discipline. Investment in research and education is
now needed in order for the future to be built on a strong theoretical
foundation. Sets out an agenda for those involved in advancing the
discipline and promoting the facilities management message. The general
challenge is to gain influence, show a business lead and win respect and
authority. In organizations this involves setting the business agenda,
developing systems and developing people – to nurture leaders, improve
quality, and develop the knowledge and skills base – to secure the
future.
The future of the office building
Authors: Markland Martyn
Published: May 2004

Examines the origins of the office building and its broader
economic and cultural significance. Discusses how the new information
superhighway may affect the future of the office building. Asks whether
this information “revolution” can provide an economic,
cultural and socially‐acceptable alternative to the office. IT will
change the way people work and, as a result, their spacial requirements.
In this context it is claimed that organizations must examine their
property requirements as a matter of urgency. Considers what advice
property professionals should be giving to property purchasers,
developers and investors. Concludes that office buildings are likely to
continue to play a key role in the UK′s economy due to their importance
as a source of tax revenue and emphasizes their social importance as a
logical and convenient setting for individuals to interact.
Product Information Management
Authors: Rogers Danny
Published: May 2004

Presents a case study describing the implementation of a product
information management system, in an organization manufacturing complex
electronic telecommunications equipment. Describes how to measure the
benefits of the system in terms of reduced costs, accelerated new
product development and improved product quality. Emphasizes that
flexibility, configurability and an open architecture are essential
ingredients in a successful product information management solution.
Adding value to Web‐OPACs
Authors: Harmsen Bernd
Published: May 2004

Web‐OPACs not only offer simplified access to library holdings for end‐users but also enable librarians to add value to their catalogue data. One feature which has become almost a standard for new library software is including links to full‐text or multimedia documents corresponding to a particular citation. Other features which have not yet become common but will soon do so include: links to publishers, links to corporate sources, and links to journal titles. The latter usually provide tables of contents, and sometimes also offer direct access to full‐text documents for subscribers. Online database providers have acknowledged these new possibilities, librarians soon will. So when migrating library software to new products or new releases, such issues should be observed.
Reengineering name authority control
Authors: Snyman MMM , Jansen van Rensburg M.
Published: May 2004

This article describes a model for the standardisation of names in bibliographic databases. A prototype that was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the model is described. Lastly, the impact of implementing this model is investigated. It was found that the new model will revolutionise name authority control. The literature supports such a change. It was also found that the prototype developed verifies the technical feasibility of its implementation.
The corporate library on every desktop
Authors: Myles Sally
Published: May 2004

Looks at the development of Telecom New Zealand’s library Internet service. Considers design, philosophy and architecture of the system, before outlining content, retrieval modules, data mining and monitoring issues. Outlines future directions for consideration.
Digitisation of exam papers
Authors: Hampson Andrew , Pinfield Stephen , Upton Ian
Published: May 2004

This paper outlines the practical issues and key stages involved in digitising University of Birmingham exam papers, based on work undertaken as part of the BUILDER project. It emphasises that the main lesson to come out of delivering a Web‐based product consisting of over 1500 digitised exam papers is that the actual scanning is only one stage in a complex workflow process. This paper identifies the key elements in such a process to be feasibility study, digital imaging, IT infrastructure development and project management, and describes the decisions associated with each. It is noted that team working between library, computing and university administrative staff was essential in order to manage the workflow within each of the key elements. Since its launch in November 1998, the exam paper service has been heavily used and the availability of exam papers online now creates the potential for their integration into learning and teaching material within a hybrid library environment.
Optimal topologies of structures: homogenization, pseudo‐elastic approximation and the bubble‐method
Authors: Thierauf Georg
Published: May 2004

Presents a pseudo‐elastic approach to topological optimization. In comparison with the well‐known homogenization method for topological optimization it is not based on a micro‐cellular structure, but approximates the elastic properties directly. A characteristic difficulty of these methods is the birth of new inner boundaries: thinning out the material can be interpreted as reducing the density of a composite micro‐structure, but eventually this process can result in a bubble with zero‐density. Therefore, the bubble‐method is a valuable asset to topological optimization, which helps to overcome this difficulty.
Culture‐sensitive adaptation or global standardization – the duration‐of‐usage hypothesis
Authors: van Mesdag Martin
Published: May 2004

Seeks to identify the dimensions which are relevant in the shaping of strategies for international marketing; it thereby addresses business managers. Considers the extent to which the marketing mix can be standardized in various different configurations of international marketing. Presents seven postulations about international (and global) marketing and about the standardizability of the marketing mix; as regards the latter, it points to the vast differences in international standardizability between the various product (or service) categories. Offers a hypothesis about the reason for the huge differences in the internationalizability of products, labelled the “duration of usage” symptom. Ends by pointing out that occasionally there is scope for a “cross‐cultural leap” for products with unpromising antecedents within the hypothesis of the duration of usage symptom.
Market orientation and business performance: some evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Hung Ngai Jimmy , Ellis Paul
Published: May 2004

Recent studies conducted in the USA and the UK have shown evidence of a relationship between market orientation and company performance. The overall aim of the research reported in this paper was to build on this limited body of literature by considering the evidence from another, non‐Western, business environment, namely Hong Kong. In addition, this study sought to clarify the distinction, not often made in the literature, between a market‐ and a marketing‐orientation. Data from 73 textiles and garments manufacturers were collected using an instrument based on Narver and Slater’s (1990) scale. Consistent with previous findings in Western cultures, the results of this study are suggestive of a relationship between market orientation and company performance. However, surveyed firms exhibited a much higher marketing orientation suggesting that it is possible to be effective at implementing the marketing function without possessing a market‐oriented organisational culture.
Executive stereotyping between cultures: the British vs. German
manager
Authors: Cooper Cary L. , Kirkcaldy Bruce D.
Published: May 2004

German and British managers who were attending professional
training courses in management were required to rate managers from the
other country as to how they perceived them. The profiles were
significantly different, with British managers perceiving Germans as
more industrious, meticulous, structured, workaholic, while
simultaneously they were more guarded, humourless, arrogant, threatening
and rejecting. The profiles were unaffected by level of management or
age. Collapsing data and subjecting to a principal component factor
analysis led to three major factors being extracted, the first two of
which were bipolar dimensions ranging from rejecting to accepting, and
lethargic to hardworking. Germans were perceived as much higher on the
factors rejecting and hardworking. There were no differences between
cultures in their perception of managers along the third factor,
self‐sufficiency, the latter loaded on patriotism, self‐confidence and
self‐sufficiency. Discusses the implications of these results within the
framework of managerial stereotyping.
Ignorance is not bliss
Authors: Owen Jenny , Phillips Kay
Published: May 2004

Current government policy places great emphasis on increased collaboration between disciplines and professions within health care, as in public services across the board. To date, analyses of doctor‐manager relations have tended to focus on equipping doctors with management skills, once they have reached consultant level. In contrast, this paper evaluates a new management development initiative, designed to involve doctors and managers at an earlier career stage, and on an inter‐disciplinary basis. Interview and questionnaire responses indicate that specialist registrars and young managers share common values; however, they also acknowledge a high degree of mutual ignorance. Evaluation suggests that inter‐disciplinary programmes can provide a starting‐point for closer collaboration in practice; in conclusion, some options for sustaining this in the long term are identified.
Contingency relationships between entrepreneurship, export channel
structure and environment
Authors: Yeoh Poh‐Lin , Jeong Insik
Published: May 2004

For decades, export performance has generated interest among
researchers and public policy makers. However, despite extensive
investigations, export marketing is still lacking in
theoretically‐grounded conclusions. Attempts to overcome this limitation
by presenting a new theory‐based framework of export performance by
integrating the literature in exporting, entrepreneurship and
organization theory. On the basis of two entrepreneurship‐based
strategic postures, export performance is conceptualized as a function
of fit among firms′ strategic orientation, environment and export
channel structure. From a contingency perspective, argues that exporting
firms need to match or align their strategic orientation with their
external environment and export channel structure to achieve superior
export performance. Briefly discusses future research directions and
managerial implications.
Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programmes:
Authors: Garavan Thomas N. , O′Cinneide Barra
Published: May 2004

Considers six entrepreneurial education and training programmes and in
particular the development of high‐technology/knowledge‐based venture
entrepreneurs. Examines the design features of entrepreneurial
programmes and the outcomes which accrued in terms of new projects, new
ventures and employment. Suggests a number of predictive hypotheses.
Simulation of the hydrodynamic model of semiconductor devices by a finite element method
Authors: Fortin Michel , Yang Geng
Published: May 2004

Proposes a finite element method for numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic model of semiconductor devices. Presents some scaling factors and a variational formulation. Uses the P1 ‐ isoP2 element to discretize this formulation and the GMRES (Generalized Minimum RESidual) algorithm to solve the associated non‐linear system. Proposes an artificial viscous term to stabilize the non‐linear system. Gives a choice for an initial solution. Presents the numerical solutions for n+ ‐ n ‐ n+ diodes and 0.25μm gate length Si MESFETs. Calculates a shock wave at 300K. Observes velocity overshoot phenomenon and the effect of heat conduction term.
The effect of weather and temporal variations on calls for police service
Authors: Cohn Ellen G.
Published: May 2004

Examines the effect of weather and temporal factors on the total calls for service (CFS) at the Minneapolis Police Department. Aims at the eventual development of an instrument to predict short‐term variations in CFS over time ‐ a goal which at present is unique. Finds that CFS increase at times when individuals have less habitual routine activities, e.g. after dark; during vacation months. Suggests that temporal factors have much more impact than the weather. Points out some practical implications for the criminal justice system, e.g., future schedules can be adjusted for temporal variations, thus helping in the deployment of officers. Shows that accurate prediction of the overall number of CFS is possible when temporal and weather factors are used.
Securing public workstation by maintaining software centrally
Authors: Biever Erik J.
Published: May 2004

Considers the maintenance of secure public workstations through the use of a network server which centralizes software maintenance. Presents the experience of the libraries of the University of Minnesota. Looks at the security of the boot process, the methods of central software maintenance and server independence. Concludes that the future upgrade may complicate matters but the underlying principles should prove useful.
The changing role in a networked information environment
Authors: Lynch Clifford A.
Published: May 2004

Outlines the traditional issues surrounding authentication and authorization before charting the changing nature of the requirements for these services, as a fully networked information environment becomes a reality. Highlights some of the technical, organizational and policy issues which need to be addressed to create appropriate standards and infrastructure.
The impact of electronic information sources on collection development: a survey of current practice
Authors: Gene Norman O.
Published: May 2004

This study investigates the effects of electronic information sources on collection development in 15 academic libraries, primarily in the Midwest. A search of the literature and conference presentations also contributed to the findings. Areas studied included the materials budget, collection development policies, and licenses; identifying, evaluating, selecting, and developing the electronic sources collection; training subject specialists to use electronic resource tools; classifying electronic materials; and the changes in the role of the collection development librarian.
The nature of the beast: or the Aberdeen Bestiary on the World Wide Web
Authors: Beavan Iain , Arnott Michael , McLaren Colin
Published: May 2004

Discusses the transfer of the Aberdeen Bestiary (a 13th century manuscript) into digital format for access on the World Wide Web. Briefly covers the background to the project before outlining the reasons for choosing photoCD as the method of digitization. Considers some of the problems encountered during the project including design and delivery issues and future developments.
It‘s just a tool: fifteen years of personal computing
Authors: Crawford Walt
Published: May 2004

“You say you‘re ready to buy a personal computer for your library or your own personal use.” That‘s how this all began, back in 1984. Fifty articles and 15 years later, it‘s time to wrap it up. This is the final “Trailing Edge” and, for a while, the author‘s last article in Library Hi Tech. Waxing historical, Crawford looks back at how those old articles look from a distance. One key message is that, now as then, personal computers are tools. Sometimes fascinating, frequently frustrating, and oftentimes enabling tools, but tools nonetheless: not life, and not inherently revolutionary.
Library studies at the school of information
Authors: Olivia Frost C.
Published: May 2004

Library and Information Studies (LIS) remains an integral part of the newly chartered School of Information at the University of Michigan. Forging student, community‐based, and foundation partnerships, LIS faculty are helping to re‐define the role of information professionals in their research, teaching and services. Faculty are defining and practicing a new integrated discipline arising from the interactions among information, technology, and human systems. In collaboration with colleagues and students from disciplines including archives and records management, human computer interaction, public policy, psychology, computer science, and economics, LIS faculty are working to design a broad‐based curriculum and a common set of foundations courses for all masters students in the program. In this article, Frost, an LIS faculty member who has been with the school for over 20 years, reflects on how teaching and research in cataloging and organization of information have been revitalized through project‐based learning, collaboration with students and faculty from computer science and the arts, and community service to broaden the reach of cultural heritage materials.
Library technology centers and community building: Yale University Library Electronic Text Center
Authors: Goldenberg‐Hart Diane Y.
Published: May 2004

This article discusses the various communities that have contributed to the evolution of the Yale University Library Electronic Text Center (ETC). University groups currently benefiting from the ETC‘s services are discussed, as are those who potentially may benefit from ETC services in the future. Also considered are departments and organizations contributing to or influencing the center‘s services. A central theme of the article is the evolution of the ETC from a center for the support of electronic texts in the humanities, to an electronic resource center providing support in the creation of Web resources.
Emory electronic text projects: the role of the full‐text center in building partnerships
Authors: Spornick Charles D.
Published: May 2004

Emory‘s “full‐text” center has been engaged in a number of small‐scale digitization projects.In each of these projects the Beck Center has followed the “SGML Model.” Through these projects, we have forged partnerships with faculty, other library departments, other libraries, and our computing center. Since we continue to rely on others for determining the value of the texts that we have produced, we have acted more as an “electronic printer” than an “electronic press”. As a printer, we also have taken on the role of promoting the value and the usefulness of “full‐text” databases to our faculty and students. In this effort we have served as a demonstration project for the campus, pointing to the real possibilities that technology offers for research and study.
EL production support: the silver platter electronic reference library ‐ servers, clients and data
Authors: Dentinger Sue
Published: May 2004

Provides an overview of the support issues University of Wisconsin libraries have faced in running a SilverPlatter Electronic Reference Library database server for numerous resources. Focuses on the growing pains as size limitations were reached and the problem solving interaction and co‐ordination with the software vendor and resource supplier. Presents a model for future shared database support and considers new upgrades which have helped to address some issues.
Scanning behavior and environmental variation in the formulation of strategic responses to change
Authors: Lozada Héctor R. , Calantone Roger J.
Published: May 2004

Reassesses the relationships between managerial perceptions of movement and discontinuities in the environment, and managers’ abilities and proneness toward engaging in information‐gathering activities. Survey data from several organizations in different industries were collected to investigate the scanning behavior of managers. Finds empirical support for some of the relationships that were proposed. Explores possible explanations for the lack of support for several important relationships that have been advanced in the literature, and submits managerial implications and suggestions for future research based on the findings.
Publishing, economics, and the academy: faculty perspectives on the bottom line
Authors: Strauch Bruce , Hunt Caroline
Published: May 2004

Stresses that publishing and scholarship are not the same. This is why the economics of publishing ‐ both hardcopy and electronic ‐ was dealt with in detail at the Academy for Scholarly Publishing’s recent conference, held in Charleston, South Carolina. The Academy for Scholarly Publishing is doing its part to help academics wrestle with the complex problems of publishing in a fluid academic environment. Argues that most academics do not care about the economics of publishing; they want only to get their material published in a format that will make an impact on their profession. Even so, economic factors enter into the equation more and more.