bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARIMA based Value Estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Amidi A.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Due to the widespread inaccuracy of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) data, it is essential to ensure that the data is as complete, clean and precise as possible. To address data gaps and replace erroneous data, temporal correlation modelling can be applied, which takes advantage of temporal correlation and is also energy efficient. In this research, the suitability of adapting the ARIMA model into a WSN context is scrutinized, as technological requirements demand special considerations. The necessity of applying a smoothing technique is explored and the selection of an appropriate method is determined. Additionally, the available options with regards to ARIMA set-up are discussed, in terms of achieving accurate and energy friendly predictions. The effect of sufficient historical data and the importance of predictions’ life span on the estimation accuracy are additionally investigated. Finally, an adaptive, online and energy efficient system is proposed for maintaining the accuracy of the model that simultaneously detects outliers and events as well as substitutes any missing or erroneous data with estimated values.
STRIPING NOISE REMOVAL OF IMAGES ACQUIRED BY CBERS 2 CCD CAMERA SENSOR
Authors: Amraei E. , Mobasheri M. R.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. CCD Camera is a multi-spectral sensor that is carried by CBERS 2 satellite. Imaging technique in this sensor is push broom. In images acquired by the CCD Camera, some vertical striping noise can be seen. This is due to the detectors mismatch, inter detector variability, improper calibration of detectors and low signal-to-noise ratio. These noises are more profound in images acquired from the homogeneous surfaces, which are processed at level 2. However, the existence of these noises render the interpretation of the data and extracting information from these images difficult. In this work, spatial moment matching method is proposed to modify these images. In this method, the statistical moments such as mean and standard deviation of columns in each band are used to balance the statistical specifications of the detector array to those of reference values. After the removal of the noise, some periodic diagonal stripes remain in the image where their removal by using the aforementioned method seems impossible. Therefore, to omit them, frequency domain Butterworth notch filter was applied. Finally to evaluate the results, the image statistical moments such as the mean and standard deviation were deployed. The study proves the effectiveness of the method in noise removal.
PREDICTION OF PM2.5 CONCENTRATIONS USING TEMPERATURE INVERSION EFFECTS BASED ON AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Bahari R. A. , Abbaspour R. A. , Pahlavani P.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Today, air pollutant is a big challenge for busy and big cities due to its direct effect on both human health and the environment. Tehran, as the capital city of Iran, concludes 12 million people and is one of the most polluted cities in Iran. According to the reports, the main cause of Tehran's pollution is particle matters. The main factors affecting the density and distribution of pollution in Tehran are topography, traffic, and meteorological parameters including wind speed and direction, environment temperature, cloud cover, relative humidity, the sunshine overs a day, the rainfall, pressure, and temperature inversion. To help the urban management of Tehran, in this paper, a novel method is proposed to predicted PM2.5 concentration for upcoming 72 hours. The results show that the proposed model has high capability in predicting PM2.5 concentration and the achieved statistic coefficient of determination (R2) was equal to 0.61–0.79, which indicates the goodness of fit of our proposed model supports the prediction of PM2.5 concentration.
Evaluation of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle in CMIP5 models
Authors: Song Z. Y. , Liu H. L. , Wang C. Z. , Zhang L. P. , Qiao F. L.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) has the largest amplitude in the tropical oceans, but it is poorly represented in the coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3). In this study, 18 models from CMIP5 are evaluated in terms of their capability of simulating the SST annual cycle in the EEP. Fourteen models are able to simulate the annual cycle fairly well, which suggests that the performances of CGCMs have been improved. The results of multi-model ensemble (MME) mean show that CMIP5 CGCMs can capture the annual cycle signal in the EEP with a correlation coefficient up to 0.9. Moreover, the CMIP5 models can simulate the westward propagation character of the EEP SST – in particular, EEP region 1 (EP1) near the eastern coast leading EEP region 2 (EP2) near the central equatorial Pacific by 1 to 2 months in spring. However, the models fail to reproduce the in-phase SST relationship between EP1 and EP2 in August and September. For amplitude simulations, the model SST in EP1 shows weaker seasonal variation than the observations due to the large warm SST biases from the southeastern tropical Pacific in the boreal autumn. In EP2, the simulated SST amplitudes are nearly the same as the observations while there is the presence of a quasi-constant cold bias associated with poor cold tongue simulation in the CGCMs. To improve CGCM simulation of a realistic SST seasonal cycle, local and remote SST biases that exist in both CMIP3 and CMIP5 CGCMs must be resolved at least for simulating the SSTs in the central equatorial Pacific and the southeastern tropical Pacific.
Core body temperature is not a reliable parameter to follow the reproductive cycle in female marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Drummer C. , König J. , Eildermann K. , Fuchs E. , Behr R. , Hoffmann K.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Marmosets represent an attractive and widely used animal species in biomedical research, and the routine monitoring of female reproductive cycles is often mandatory in the fields of reproductive biology and stem cell research. Today, the established method for the reliable detection of ovulation is the determination of progesterone concentrations from blood samples. This method is based on relatively frequent handling and blood collections; therefore, less invasive alternatives would help to reduce stress on the animals. Here, we investigated whether the core body temperature of marmosets would show a correlation with cycle-dependent hormonal fluctuations, as has been described for humans and other primate species. In particular, the objective was to investigate whether the telemetric recording of core body temperature could replace progesterone measurements as a reliable, less invasive method for the detection of ovulation in these animals. Here we show that the core body temperature parameters in female marmosets were characterized by frequent variations, but they were not related to particular days or phases during the reproductive cycle. Therefore, the recording of core body temperature in our controlled standard experimental setting is not an appropriate method to monitor the reproductive cycle in female marmosets, and cannot replace serum progesterone measurement as a state-of-the-art method.
Three-phase numerical model for subsurface hydrology in permafrost-affected regions (PFLOTRAN-ICE v1.0)
Authors: Karra S. , Painter S. L. , Lichtner P. C.
Published: October 2014

Abstract. Degradation of near-surface permafrost due to changes in the climate is expected to impact the hydrological, ecological and biogeochemical responses of the Arctic tundra. From a hydrological perspective, it is important to understand the movement of the various phases of water (gas, liquid and ice) during the freezing and thawing of near-surface soils. We present a new non-isothermal, single-component (water), three-phase formulation that treats air as an inactive component. This single component model works well and produces similar results to a more complete and computationally demanding two-component (air, water) formulation, and is able to reproduce results of previously published laboratory experiments. A proof-of-concept implementation in the massively parallel subsurface flow and reactive transport code PFLOTRAN is summarized, and parallel performance of that implementation is demonstrated. When water vapor diffusion is considered, a large effect on soil moisture dynamics is seen, which is due to dependence of thermal conductivity on ice content. A large three-dimensional simulation (with around 6 million degrees of freedom) of seasonal freezing and thawing is also presented.
Microscopic Rocks and Expansive Empires: Investigating Inca Ceramics
from Cuzco, Peru
Authors: Ixer Rob , Lunt Sara , Sillar Bill , Thompson Patrick
Published: October 2014

High quality polychrome ceramics are an iconic aspect of Inca material culture.
This ‘Cuzco Inca’ pottery appears suddenly in the archaeological
record: but it draws upon technological and stylistic aspects of earlier local
pottery and we discuss the specifics of how these pre-Inca traits were combined
to form the distinctive new state ceramics. Using ceramic petrography, the
dominant fabric of Cuzco Inca pottery is compared with those of two pre-Inca
wares, Killke and Lucre. Andesite temper, identified in the Lucre and Cuzco Inca
fabrics, is compared with samples of andesite from local geological outcrops.
This suggests that Lucre pottery was made using similar materials to Cuzco Inca
and was a technological precursor. Because these materials and technological
knowledge would only have become available to the Inca after their conquest of
the Lucre cultural area, this ceramic evidence has important implications for
our understanding of Imperial expansion and state intervention in
craft-production.
POLASTMA—The Polish National Programme of Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Asthma
Authors: Kuna Piotr , Kupczyk Maciej , Kupryś -Lipińska Izabela
Published: October 2014

Asthma represents a growing health, social, and economic issue as it affects a considerable part of the population, adversely affecting patients’ quality of life, while its chronic character and severity of symptoms impair family life. It has been estimated that 12% of the population of Poland (4.5 million) suffer from asthma and 16% report wheezes (5.7 million). In order to improve asthma care and patient outcomes, evidence-based recommendations must not only be developed, but also disseminated and implemented at a national and local level, which is key for integration into clinical practice. For these reasons, the Polish Society of Allergology (PSA) has decided to undertake actions, leading to some improvement of the epidemiological situation in Poland. The Polish National Programme of Early Diagnosis and Therapy of Asthma has been developed. This initiative is a response to the demand for medical care improvement in patients with asthma. Its goals include early diagnosis of asthma and improved control in the course of the disease, a reduction in the number of subjects with asthma-associated disability for work, an increased use of anti-inflammatory agents vs. rescue medications, a reduced number of patients with severe, uncontrolled bronchial asthma and prevention of complications of the disease and of adverse effects of applied therapy, an increase in social awareness regarding the bulk of problems associated with asthma, and reduction of the total costs of the care of patients suffering from asthma. Details regarding programme assumptions, goals, target groups, and modes of implementation are described in the document.
Russian emigration in the Balkans: The problem of understanding and cultural interaction
Authors: Antanasievič Irina
Published: October 2014

The problem of understanding and cultural interaction on the -example of the Russian emigration, which happened after the revolution in Yugoslavia will be considered in the analysis of behavioral models and analysis of everyday culture, in forms that are fixed on the pages of Russian satirical magazine.
Logical empiricism and the principle of verifiability
Authors: Zečević Svetlana
Published: October 2014

This paper represents an encounter and dialogue between philosophy of language and analytic philosophy. The main aim is to present the logical empiricism of the milieu of its creation in the Vienna -Circle. Exhibited are significant points of known members of the Vienna Circle, not only on the logical empiricism as a theory and movement, but also considers its close link with the principle of verifiability, the purpose of which we list and explain the variations of the definition of verificationism as the basis of logical empiricism. In the Vienna Circle we distinguish several streams with respect of the definition of the principles of verification, and one of them proposed formulation of this principles as a theory of meaning which also require a complete verification. The second stream is leaning to the formulation of criteria for determining the meaning and they put their focus on incomplete verification. Having both pozitions in mind we are able to make distinction between criteria of adequacy and -criteria of utilitarty of the principle of verifiability. This fact implies that it is vital to determine the necessary conditions of adequacy of the principle of verifiability, which primarily reflectes in the preservation of empiricism where the main terms used in the formulation must be clear, non-ambiguous and operational.
DSM-5: Overview of methodological procedure
Authors: Jović Vladimir
Published: October 2014

Contemporary classifications of mental disorders were used to bring back psychiatry and psychopathology to the biomedical model. After more than thirty years, syndromal approach to nozography is called into question regarding it's philosophical and methodological aspects. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the -methodological approach in the creation of classification of mental disorders since DSM-III, over a several principles: first of all it is proclaimed 'atheoretical approach' to classification, which is applied during creation of so-called 'operationalized' criteria for disorders, followed with 'nomothetic approach', which was presented as the only legitimate means to draw conclusions about mental disorders. The outcome of this methodological procedure can be followed through its outcomes: measures of reliability and validity of nozological categories, as well as issue of psychiatric co-morbidity, which can be seen as an artifact of the methodological process.
Shakespeare's history plays: Glorification or subversion of the dominant ideology?
Authors: Kostić Milena
Published: October 2014

Due to prioritizing Machiavellian power-craving aspirations over the inner voice of conscience, the majority of Shakespeare's rulers from the history plays suffers from the tragic 'dissociation of -sensibility' (Eliot 1921: 64, 66). Since the process of giving priority to public obligations instead to private inclinations is easily detected in the contemporary political scene, especially in the form of the imposed choice between legalism and morality, valuable ideas of the 20th century humanist critics (Kantorowicz, Rubenstein, Bauman, -Eliade, Hamvas) are problematized in the paper. Their contemporary insights have been combined with the humanist philosophical and ethic tradition in the works of Ovid, Ficino, Mirandola, Bruno, More. The Renaissance spokesperson of this humanist tradition was Shakespeare; through the chronological survey of his history plays, the paper aims at revealing the author's criticism of the dominant Tudor ideology and neccessity for its subversion. Thus, the attitude presented by the representatives of the new historicist critical school, particularly Stephen Greenblatt, that the renaissance social institutions shaped, restricted and controlled an individual's conduct, whereby every attempt at subverting the dominant system was doomed to failure, is strongly criticized. The importance of 'the -historical sense' (Eliot 1963: 34), the concept relying on the permanent bond between the past and present, for the sake of creating a more humane future, has been recognized in Shakespeare's history plays, apart from the already mentioned 20th century humanist thinkers, also by the presentist critics at the beginning of the 21st -century, particularly Hughes Grady and Terence Hawkes (2007), who tirelessly claim, like Jan Kott before them (1990), that Shakespeare is our contemporary.
The (re)shaping of South Park's humor through literary references
Authors: Pajović Stefan
Published: October 2014

The paper examines the complex relationship between a lauded American animated sitcom South Park on the one side, and literature, especially satire, on the other side. Upon asserting the bond between literature and popular culture, numerous references presented in the show are pointed out, namely the stance the authors take on literature and the act of reading, the types and subtypes of humor exhibited, and topicality. Finally, using the writing of Mikhail Bakhtin, South Park itself is treated as literature as its type of humor is a continuation of an age-old literary tradition of laughter. The conclusion asserts this as it is revealed that South Park owes much of its popularity to the literary aspect of the humor exhibited in the show.
The causes for the foundation of the Diocese of Zvečan
Authors: Janjić Dragana
Published: October 2014

The short duration of the Diocese of Zvečan is to be explained with economic and political circumstances in Serbia, first of all with the development of mining, which doesn't mean that other reasons of -political nature, as conquests of king Milutin, didn't have their influence. As strategically important stronghold, in the context of -economic strengthening and long-lasting conflict between kings Dragutin and Milutin, the transfer of pontifical center in the fortified city of Zvečan does nod exclude the possibility that the nearness of the mine of Trepča and sudden growth of mining exploatation and trade, also meant that hierarch of Zvečan became Milutin's man of trust in supervising and protection of king's material resources.
Housing condition and nesting experience do not affect the Time to Integrate to Nest Test (TINT)
Authors: Rock ML , Karas AZ , Gallo MS , Pritchett-Corning K , Gaskill BN
Published: October 2014

Managing and assessing well-being in laboratory mice (Mus musculus) is both challenging and necessary. Assessments intended to detect negative welfare states in mice are usually performed via observation of animals in the home cage, but a substantial amount of time and skill may be required to detect subtle behavioural changes. The Time to Integrate to Nest Test (TINT) is a simple, cageside assessment tool that identifies the presence or absence of a highly motivated normal behaviour in mice. The test is conducted by adding a small amount of new nesting material to a mouse cage. A positive outcome is achieved when this new material is integrated into the home nest within 10 min. This study examined whether housing condition or nesting experience affects TINT outcome. Single or group housing did not influence the TINT outcome, but a significant difference in latency to integration was found; singly housed mice took longer than group-housed mice to integrate TINT substrate. Mice which were raised naïve to nesting material had no significant delays when tested. However, experience with the TINT procedure showed increased speed to incorporate the testing substrate, indicating that previous experience to the paradigm prior to experimental testing may be necessary. These findings help to define the expected outcomes of the TINT, better positioning it for use as an assessment tool in varied research settings.
The major welfare problems of dairy cows in French commercial farms: an epidemiological approach
Authors: de Boyer des Roches A , Veissier I , Coignard M , Bareille N , Guatteo R , Capdeville J , Gilot-Fromont E , Mounier L
Published: October 2014

Animal welfare enhancement requires that problems are reliably identified and ranked in order to prioritise corrective actions. Welfare problems vary with the conditions in which animals are maintained. The objectives were to highlight major welfare problems for dairy cows on farms in France, and find out how farm characteristics (housing and milking systems, breed) could impact specific welfare aspects on these farms. We conducted a cross-sectional survey on 131 French dairy farms. We used the Welfare Quality® protocol, which addresses all aspects of welfare, and yields scores for principles and criteria that represent how well farms meet welfare requirements (from 0 for a very adverse situation to 100 for an excellent one). We used descriptive statistics to highlight low welfare scores, and variance analyses to compare farms.Mostfarms were found ‘Acceptable’ according to the Welfare Quality® classification. Principles scores for Health, Feeding and Behaviour ranged from 33 to 39. The median score for eight of the welfare criteria was below 50 (‘Pain’, ‘Integument alterations’, ‘Diseases’, ‘Comfort around resting’, ‘Social behaviours’, ‘Human-animal relationship’, ‘Positive emotional state’, ‘Hunger’), while the median score was above 50 for the four other criteria (‘Thirst’, ‘Lameness’, ‘Expression of other behaviours’, ‘Ease of movement’). The scores varied widely between farms, within and between systems. Farms with cubicles obtained lower scores for ‘Comfort around resting’, ‘Injuries’; farms with Holstein cows obtained lower scores for ‘Hunger’; farms using an automatic milking system obtained lower scores for ‘Expression of other behaviours’ and ‘Diseases’ in Holstein herds. This survey yields information on bottlenecks in dairy cow welfare with all dimensions of welfare considered together. The results can be used by stakeholders to prioritise corrective actions in welfare plans, focusing either on the whole population of farms or on farms with characteristics that are at high risk for specific welfare problems.
Assessment of key parameters for gunshot used on cattle: a pilot study on shot placement and effects of diverse ammunition on isolated cattle heads
Authors: Schiffer KJ , Retz SK , Richter U , Algers B , Hensel O
Published: October 2014

There have been many improvements regarding transport conditions, pre-slaughter handling, and captive-bolt stunning of cattle at commercial abattoirs, but many challenges still exist. Animals unaccustomed to human-animal contact, such as free-range beef cattle, may be especially difficult to handle on the day of slaughter. Shifting of the slaughter process from the abattoir to the animals’ familiar environment could improve animal welfare at slaughter. In 2011, the German government passed an amendment allowing farmers to slaughter free-range cattle, on-farm, using a rifle. A proper stun is vital when employing this method but neither sufficient practical experience nor scientific knowledge are in place to allow this. Thus, this study aimed to examine shot placement and the effect of diverse ammunition by means of shooting at cattle heads, post mortem, with a rifle. Impact was assessed using brain tissue damage observed from skull dissections. Placing the shot frontally at the forehead resulted in severe brain damage significantly more frequently than targeting laterally. A precise frontal shot, utilising both large and small bore calibres, caused severe brain damage that would almost certainly have led to immediate unconsciousness and death. One of the small bore calibres caused minimal brain damage apart from the trajectory. However, this was the only calibre not passing straight through. Due to the fact that the bullet remains within the skull, thus transferring all of its energy to the skull and brain, the impact of this calibre on the brain would also be expected to be rapidly fatal. A projectile that does not exit the skull would also be advantageous as regards safety.
La clara oscuridad de Kierkegaard para el pensamiento moderno
Authors: Herrera Asunción
Published: October 2014

El objetivo principal del siguiente artículo será mostrar por qué es necesario un pensamiento como el de Kierkegaard en los tiempos actuales. Para alcanzar tal fin, este artículo se estructurará en cuatro partes. En una primera parte explicaré las características peculiares del pensamiento de Sören Kierkegaard, a saber, lo que significa ser un pensador atribulado, postmetafísico y religioso. En una segunda parte me detendré en cómo leer a Kierkegaard; para ello me centraré en el papel que la pseudonimia y la comunicación indirecta ocupan en la obra del filósofo danés. En un tercer apartado, analizaré la teoría de la individuación del llamado Sócrates del Norte. Y, por último, mostraré cómo el pensamiento actual necesita de varios de los componentes expuestos en las secciones anteriores: se necesita pensar desde lo atribulado y postmetafísico al mismo tiempo que podríamos reivindicar una teoría de la individuación de corte kierkegaardiana.
¿Una imagen dualista en el De Anima de Aristóteles?
Authors: Mittelmann Jorge
Published: October 2014

El artículo aborda una contradicción aparente en la caracterización aristotélica del alma, que podría perjudicarla seriamente. Aun cuando este definiens suele considerarse como una formulación no-dualista de las funciones vitales, fundada en una aproximación hilemórfica a los seres vivientes, Aristóteles continúa refiriéndose al cuerpo en términos instrumentales y lo caracteriza, de modo consistente, como una herramienta del alma. Se argumenta que este modo filosófico de expresión debe tomarse en serio, y que no puede descartarse como un mero rasgo estilístico o como un residuo teórico de los días en que Aristóteles frecuentaba la Academia. Mediante el examen de la recepción neoplatónica y peripatética de la analogía del alma con un tripulante, el artículo concluye que la consideración de los cuerpos orgánicos como “instrumentos” no implica compromisos ontológicos indeseados con almas individuales concebidas como sus usuarios.
Wittgenstein. Arte y filosofía, por Julián Marrades (ed.)
Authors: Mateu i Alonso Joan David
Published: October 2014

Els estudis sobre la filosofia de Wittgenstein darrerament han posat de manifest la potència del seu pensament sobre qüestions morals, estètiques i, fins i tot, polítiques, a més dels problemes lògics, lingüístics o epistemològics que va plantejar. Les qüestions estètiques van ocupar bona part del seu treball en filosofia i, com mostren els treballs recollits en aquest volum, la vinculació entre el pensament filosòfic de Wittgenstein, les qüestions estètiques i la seua pròpia biografia és tan estreta que cal considerar-la com un dels pòrtics d’entrada que ens permeten endinsar-nos en l’univers de la filosofia wittgensteiniana.
Presentació. Conferències de José Gaos el 1938 a la Universitat de València
Authors: Martínez Bisbal Josep
Published: October 2014

Presentació de la conferència “Prosopopeya del filosofo”, pronunciada per José Gaos a València l’any 1938. Amb expressió provocadora i irònica, hi és present el nucli i alguns dels elements importants i constants de la seua proposta, potser exposada per primera vegada a debat públic.
GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors regulate depression-like behavior and are critical for the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine
Authors: Miller Oliver H , Yang Lingling , Wang Chih-Chieh , Hargroder Elizabeth A , Zhang Yihui , Delpire Eric , Hall Benjamin J
Published: October 2014

A single, low dose of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine produces rapid antidepressant actions in treatment-resistant depressed patients. Understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying this will lead to new therapies for treating major depression. NMDARs are heteromultimeric complexes formed through association of two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits. We show that in vivo deletion of GluN2B, only from principal cortical neurons, mimics and occludes ketamine's actions on depression-like behavior and excitatory synaptic transmission. Furthermore, ketamine-induced increases in mTOR activation and synaptic protein synthesis were mimicked and occluded in 2BΔCtx mice. We show here that cortical GluN2B-containing NMDARs are uniquely activated by ambient glutamate to regulate levels of excitatory synaptic transmission. Together these data predict a novel cellular mechanism that explains ketamine's rapid antidepressant actions. In this model, basal glutamatergic neurotransmission sensed by cortical GluN2B-containing NMDARs regulates excitatory synaptic strength in PFC determining basal levels of depression-like behavior.
Oral Antibiotics and Risk of Serious Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Lee Erika Y. , Gomes Tara , Drucker Aaron M. , Daneman Nick , Asaf Ayesha , Wu Fangyun , Piguet Vincent , Juurlink David N.
Published: August 2024

Importance

Serious cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) are potentially life-threatening drug hypersensitivity reactions involving the skin and internal organs. Antibiotics are a recognized cause of these reactions, but no studies have compared relative risks across antibiotic classes.

Objectives

To explore the risk of serious cADRs associated with commonly prescribed oral antibiotics, and to characterize outcomes of patients hospitalized for them.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Nested case-control study using population-based linked administrative datasets among adults aged 66 years or older who received at least 1 oral antibiotic between 2002 and 2022 in Ontario, Canada. Cases were those who had an emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization for serious cADRs within 60 days of the prescription, and each case was matched with up to 4 controls who did not.

Exposure

Various classes of oral antibiotics.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Conditional logistic regression estimate of the association between different classes of oral antibiotics and serious cADRs, using macrolides as the reference group.

Results

During the 20-year study period, we identified 21 758 older adults (median age, 75 years; 64.1% female) who had an ED visit or hospitalization for serious cADRs following antibiotic therapy and 87 025 matched controls who did not. In the primary analysis, sulfonamide antibiotics (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.9; 95% CI, 2.7-3.1) and cephalosporins (aOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.5-2.8) were most strongly associated with serious cADRs relative to macrolides. Additional associations were evident with nitrofurantoin (aOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 2.1-2.4), penicillins (aOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.5), and fluoroquinolones (aOR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.4). The crude rate of ED visits or hospitalization for cADRs was highest for cephalosporins (4.92 per 1000 prescriptions; 95% CI, 4.86-4.99) and sulfonamide antibiotics (3.22 per 1000 prescriptions; 95% CI, 3.15-3.28). Among the 2852 case patients hospitalized for cADRs, the median length of stay was 6 days (IQR, 3-13 days), 9.6% required transfer to a critical care unit, and 5.3% died in the hospital.

Conclusion and Relevance

Commonly prescribed oral antibiotics are associated with an increased risk of serious cADRs compared with macrolides, with sulfonamides and cephalosporins carrying the highest risk. Prescribers should preferentially use lower-risk antibiotics when clinically appropriate.
Self-Harm and Suicide Rates Before and After an Early Intervention Program for Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Chai Yi , Tang Jennifer Yee-Man , Ma Dennis Chak Fai , Luo Hao , Chan Sherry Kit Wa
Published: August 2024

Importance

Evidence on the association of early intervention services (EISs) with self-harm and suicide among patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) at older than 25 years is lacking.

Objective

To examine changes in self-harm and suicide rates among patients with FES before and after the implementation of an EIS program.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study conducted among 37 040 patients aged 15 to 64 years with FES between January 1, 2001, and March 31, 2020, used electronic medical records from the Hong Kong Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System. All patients were followed up from the first diagnosis of schizophrenia (the index date) until the date of their death or the end of the study period (March 31, 2021), whichever came first. Statistical analysis was performed from July to November 2023.

Exposure

The EIS extended the Early Assessment Service for Young People With Early Psychosis (EASY) program from patients aged 15 to 25 years to those aged 15 to 64 years (EASY Plus). The exposure was the implementation of the EASY Plus program in April 2011. The exposure period was defined as between April 2012 and March 2021 for the 1-year-time-lag analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes were monthly rates of self-harm and suicide among patients with FES before and after the implementation of the EASY Plus program. Interrupted time series analysis was used for the main analysis.

Results

This study included 37 040 patients with FES (mean [SD] age at onset, 39 [12] years; 82.6% older than 25 years; 53.0% female patients). The 1-year-time-lag analysis found an immediate decrease in self-harm rates among patients aged 26 to 44 years (rate ratio [RR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.59-1.00]) and 45 to 64 years (RR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.49-1.00]) and among male patients (RR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.56-0.91]). A significant long-term decrease in self-harm rates was found for all patients with FES (patients aged 15-25 years: RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-1.00]; patients aged 26-44 years: RR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97-0.99]; patients aged 45-64 years: RR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98]). Suicide rates decreased immediately after the implementation of the EASY Plus program among patients aged 15 to 25 years (RR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.14-0.77]) and 26 to 44 years (RR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.20-0.73]). Compared with the counterfactual scenario, the EASY Plus program might have led to 6302 fewer self-harm episodes among patients aged 26 to 44 years.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study of the EASY Plus program suggests that the extended EIS was associated with reduced self-harm and suicide rates among all patients with FES, including those older than 25 years. These findings emphasize the importance of developing tailored interventions for patients across all age ranges to maximize the benefits of EISs.
Cryopreservation of Immune Cells: Recent Progress and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Qi Kejun , Jia Danqi , Zhou Shengxi , Zhang Kun , Guan Fangxia , Yao Minghao , Sui Xiaojie
Published: August 2024

Cryopreservation of immune cells is considered as a key enabling technology for adoptive cellular immunotherapy. However, current immune cell cryopreservation technologies face the challenges with poor biocompatibility of cryoprotection materials, low efficiency, and impaired post‐thaw function, limiting their clinical translation. This review briefly introduces the adoptive cellular immunotherapy and the approved immune cell‐based products, which involve T cells, natural killer cells and etc. The cryodamage mechanisms to these immune cells during cryopreservation process are described, including ice formation related mechanical and osmotic injuries, cryoprotectant induced toxic injuries, and other biochemical injuries. Meanwhile, the recent advances in the cryopreservation medium and freeze‐thaw protocol for several representative immune cell type are summarized. Furthermore, the remaining challenges regarding on the cryoprotection materials, freeze‐thaw protocol, and post‐thaw functionality evaluation of current cryopreservation technologies are discussed. Finally, the future perspectives are proposed toward advancing highly efficient cryopreservation of immune cells.
Upgraded Structure and Application of Coal‐Based Graphitic Carbons Through Flash Joule Heating
Authors: Zhu Sheng , Guan Chong , Wu Yating , Ni Jiangfeng , Han Gaoyi
Published: August 2024

Facilitating the transition and new application of fossil energy sources are crucial to attaining carbon neutrality. Conversion of coals into graphitic carbons represents an effective route to achieve their high‐value utilization, while this process always involves corrosive/toxic chemical reagents and time‐intensive heating treatment. Here, this work reports a green, rapid, and efficient flash Joule heating (FJH) technique to produce high‐quality carbons from diverse coals within 1 s. The surface groups, defects, and graphitization degree of the resultant carbon materials are controlled during the instantaneous thermal shock process, and the relationships between the coal structures and the product properties are established. The results suggest that the anthracite with high coalification degree tends to form highly graphitic carbons at a peak temperature of ≈3300 K, presenting higher rate capability (79.1% capacity retention at 30 A g–1) and low relaxation time constant (τ0 = 0.27 s) toward capacitive energy storage. Besides, the flash carbon materials derived from lignite and bituminous coal with low coal rank show better capacitive performance with capacity above 80 F g–1 at 1 A g–1. This study evidences that the FJH technology holds great potential to steer coals into valuable carbon materials.
Planar Expansion Enhances Horizontal Orientation of Multi‐Resonance TADF Emitter Toward Highly Efficient Narrowband Blue OLEDs
Authors: Xue Zhuixing , Chen Guohao , Chen Zhanxiang , Luo Wenbo , Li Nengquan , Huang Zhongyan , Yang Chuluo
Published: August 2024

Multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) materials are of vital importance for ultra‐high‐definition displays. However, developing molecular design tactics for blue MR‐TADF emitters that simultaneously achieve good TADF properties, narrowband emission, and ideal molecular orientation remains challenging. Here, an effective approach to enhance the electroluminescent (EL) performance of MR‐TADF emitter by enlarging the molecular planar through a peripheral decoration strategy is presented. The resulting proof‐of‐concept emitter, 3QCzBN, not only exhibits a blue emission with a narrow full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 22 nm, but also a remarkable photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 98%. Together with the accelerated reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes and nearly perfect horizontal ratios of emitting dipole orientation (Θ//) of 98% compared to its parent MR molecule, the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on 3QCzBN demonstrate blue emission with good color purity and an outstanding maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 34.8% with low efficiency roll‐off.
Asymmetric Coordination of Heterogeneous Fe‐Se Dual‐atom Sites Boosts CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Li Zhao , Zhu Zhaozhao , Wang Junjie , Lin Yingxi , Li Wei , Chen Yuanming , Niu Xiaobin , Qi Xueqiang , Wang John , Chen Jun Song , Wu Rui
Published: August 2024

Dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) with two adjacent atomic centers can operate together, offering complementary or synergistic effects or both, outperforming single‐atom catalysts (SACs). However, their rational design and precise synthesis remain significant challenges. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe and Se dual atomic sites are reported with asymmetric coordination supported on porous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (Fe/Se─N─C), engineered for highly efficient CO2 electroreduction. The asymmetrically coordinated catalyst achieves an impressive CO Faradaic efficiency of 95.6% at −0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. When assembled in a gas diffusion electrode, Fe/Se─N─C exhibits an exceptionally high CO partial current density of 272 mA cm‒2 in flow‐cell. Furthermore, Fe/Se─N─C‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA) presents a remarkable 99% faradaic efficiency for CO2‐to‐CO conversion at an industrial‐level current density of 250 mA cm−2. Both in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations prove that the electronic hybridization effect induced by asymmetrically coordinated Fe‐Se dual sites effectively regulates the adsorption/desorption kinetic process of key intermediates on the active centers, breaks the linear scaling relationship between COOH* and CO* intermediates, and enhances the activation of CO2 and the desorption of CO.
Potential Water Collection From Air by Chloride Perovskites
Authors: Ren Lizhi , Cao Jinguo , Liu Siwen , Jin Bowen , Song Xin , Zong Huiyi , Qian Jin , Wang Shimin , Yang Dong , Wang Kai , Wu Congcong
Published: August 2024

Directly capturing water from the air has become a compelling strategy to secure water resources. Yet, challenges persist with sorption‐based hygroscopic materials, such as inadequate water adsorption efficiency, material degradation post‐adsorption, and the need for energy input during water collection. This study introduces an alternative category of sorbent materials potentially for atmospheric water harvesting—metal chloride perovskites—that exhibit spontaneous water vapor adsorption and liquid water collection. This water uptake capability stems from the uncoordinated polar ions that form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, while the cubic lattice imparts a solid framework ensuring structural stability and inhibiting hydrolysis. The methylammonium lead chloride perovskite pellets exhibit efficient water collection performance, with a record absorption rate of 0.841 L m−2 h−1 and a total water collection of 3.675 L m−2 within a 7‐h cycle. This initiative attempts to provide a new material class candidate for the potential application of passive atmospheric water harvesting.
Rational Modulation of Interface Microenvironment and Design of the Flow Electrolyzer for COx Electroreduction to Alcohol
Authors: Chen Jiayi , Peng Xianyun , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lu Jianguo , Lei Lecheng , Hou Yang
Published: August 2024

The electrocatalytic reduction of COx (including CO2 and CO) into value‐added fuels and chemicals, particularly multi‐carbon (C2+) alcohols, presents a significant opportunity to close the manmade carbon cycle and support sustainable energy systems. The catalytic performance of electrochemical reduction reactions of CO2 and CO (COxRR) is strongly correlated with the local microenvironments, the flow electrolyzer, and the catalysis approaches with flow electrolyzers, which contribute to the kinetic and thermodynamic landscape of the reaction, ultimately determining the efficiency and selectivity of the COxRR toward desired reduction products. However, controllable microenvironment construction, rationally designed flow electrolyzers, and matchable flow electrolyzers derived catalysis approaches chosen for improving COxRR‐to‐alcohol performance still face challenges. Building upon the foundation laid by previous research, this review article will provide an in‐depth summary of the regulation of the catalytic reaction interface microenvironment, the design of flow electrolyzers, and the development of derived stepwise catalysis approaches with the flow electrolyzers, which provide a comprehensive and strategic approach to enhancing the COxRR process for alcohol production, offering valuable insights and innovative solutions that can significantly impact the field of COxRR conversion to alcohol and contribute to the development of more sustainable chemical production methods.
Magneto‐Optical Bi‐Substituted Yttrium and Terbium Iron Garnets for On‐Chip Crystallization via Microheaters
Authors: Hayashi Kensuke , Dao Khoi Phuong , Gross Miela J. , Ranno Luigi , Sia Jia Xu Brian , Fakhrul Takian , Du Qingyang , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Hu Juejun , Ross Caroline A.
Published: August 2024

Ferrimagnetic iron garnets enable magnetic and magneto‐optical functionality in silicon photonics and electronics. However, garnets require high‐temperature processing for crystallization which can degrade other devices on the wafer. Here bismuth‐substituted yttrium and terbium iron garnet (Bi‐YIG and Bi‐TbIG) films are demonstrated with good magneto‐optical performance and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) crystallized by a microheater built on a Si chip or by rapid thermal annealing. The Bi‐TbIG film crystallizes on Si at 873 K without a seed layer and exhibits good magneto‐optical properties with Faraday rotation (FR) of −1700 deg cm−1. The Bi‐YIG film also crystallizes on Si and fused SiO2 at 873 K without a seed layer. Rapidly cooled films exhibit PMA due to the tensile stress caused by the thermal expansion mismatch with the substrates, increasing the magnetoelastic anisotropy by 4 kJ m−3 versus slow‐cooled films. Annealing in the air for 15 s using the microheater yields fully crystallized Bi‐TbIG on the Si chip.
Anisotropic Third Harmonic Generation in 2D Tin Sulfide
Authors: Maragkakis George Miltos , Psilodimitrakopoulos Sotiris , Mouchliadis Leonidas , Sarkar Abdus Salam , Lemonis Andreas , Kioseoglou George , Stratakis Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

The in‐plane anisotropic properties of 2D group IV monochalcogenides offer an additional degree of freedom which can be advantageous in optoelectronic applications. Here, it is demonstrated that the third harmonic generation (THG) produced by ultrathin tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is in‐plane anisotropic with respect to the direction of the excitation linear polarization. The polarization‐resolved THG (P‐THG) measurements are described with a nonlinear optics model, which accounts for the orthorhombic crystal structure of the 2D SnS. The relative magnitudes of the χ(3) tensor components are calculated by recording and simultaneously fitting two orthogonal polarization components of the P‐THG signals. Furthermore, the “THG anisotropy ratio” is introduced, which compares the THG intensity produced when the excitation linear polarization is along the armchair crystallographic direction, with the case when it is along the zigzag direction. The experimental findings provide quantitative information on the anisotropic nature of the THG process in various SnS flakes. Nonlinear anisotropic 2D materials can be used in future optoelectronic devices, where anisotropic polarization sensitivity is required. Having an optical tool that quantitatively probes the effect of the in‐plane anisotropy among different 2D materials, could be of considerable importance for evaluating the performance of such materials and devices.
Active Control of Bound States in the Continuum in Toroidal Metasurfaces
Authors: Kovalev Fedor V. , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. , Basharin Alexey A. , Toepfer Hannes , Shadrivov Ilya V.
Published: August 2024

The remarkable properties of toroidal metasurfaces, featuring ultrahigh‐Q bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonances and nonradiating anapole modes, have garnered significant attention. The active manipulation of quasi‐BIC resonance characteristics offers substantial potential for advancing tunable metasurfaces. This study explores explicitly the application of vanadium dioxide, a phase change material widely used in active photonics and room‐temperature bolometric detectors, to control quasi‐BIC resonances in toroidal metasurfaces. The phase change transition of vanadium dioxide occurs in a narrow temperature range, providing a large variation in material resistivity. Through heating thin film patches of vanadium dioxide integrated into a metasurface comprising gold split‐ring resonators on a sapphire substrate, remarkable control over the amplitude and frequency of quasi‐BIC resonances is achieved due to their high sensitivity to losses present in the system. Breaking the symmetry of meta‐atoms reveals enhanced tunability. The predicted maximum change in the quasi‐BIC resonance amplitude reaches 14 dB with a temperature variation of ≈10 °C.
Light‐Induced Iodine‐Catalyzed Dealkylative Synthesis of Enaminones
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Wang Luyao , Zhou Yufeng , Guo Fenke , Yang Tao , Xiong Heng‐Ying , Wang Teng , Zhang Guangwu
Published: August 2024

Light mediated iodine‐catalyzed synthesis of enaminones through C−N bond cleavage has been described. In addition to substituted ynones, diverse substituted acyclic tertiary amines, and cyclic tertiary amines were also reactive under standard conditions. Selected transformations of the coupling adduct demonstrated the latent utility of this protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies were also conducted.