bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Technologies – Are We in Danger of Humanizing Machines and Dehumanizing Humans?
Authors: Marszałek-Kotzur Izabela
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to introduce some of the problems arising from the rapid development and raising the status of machines and the increasing disregard for human rights in the context of the use of cognitive technologies. Cognitive technologies are highly acclaimed and are being introduced into almost all aspects of life, especially in business. The article asks the question of whether the use of these technologies leads to a gradual humanization of machines while dehumanizing humans. The article is purely theoretical and based on a literature study of selected bibliographic items. On the basis of the analyzed texts an attempt was made to introduce the concept of artificial intelligence, cognitive technologies and algorithms. It also attempts to diagnose the state of work on the regulation of the legal situation related to the development of artificial intelligence and cognitive technologies, as well as the status of robots. The philosophical concept of dehumanization and its selected examples are also outlined. The discussion leads to the conclusion that the pace of development of cognitive technologies, overtaking the human ability to comprehend them, poses a threat of machines getting out of human control.
Ethical and Ecological Dilemmas of Environmental Protection
Authors: Zozuľak Ján , Zozuľaková Viera
Published: July 2022

The article analyses the problems (dilemmas) in approach to the environmental protection and management. EU has declared the plan for the Great Reset of global economy and environmental politics. The idea is not new, but the approach is expected to be completely different. While the EU leaders set the strategy of centralisation, there are strong claims for opposite way – decentralisation. The second dilemma we analyse in our article is the problem of European Commission massive support of green investments (including using of renewable sources of energy and focus of environmental protection), especially after lockdowns connected with covid pandemic which meets with the strong negative position of those economical circles which see such types of initiatives as green shooting to the economy. Terra Carta as an integral part of Sustainable Markets Initiative was launched in 2020. The third dilemma we pay our attention is connected with the efficiency of new environmental taxes. The article focuses also on the good practice as can be seen in environmental protection management efforts and green solutions for using and saving energy resources. As an examples we assess the projects supporting use of renewable energy in Africa (e.g. Lights for Africa), Cradle to Cradle Program (C2C) and we go back to the Come2CoM. The whole is analysed in the context of corporate social responsibility.
Stator Winding Fault Detection of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on the Short-Time Fourier Transform
Authors: Pietrzak Przemysław , Wolkiewicz Marcin
Published: July 2022

In modern drive systems, the high-efficient permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have become one of the most substantial components. Nevertheless, such machines are exposed to various types of faults. Hence, on-line condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of PMSMs have become necessary. One of the most common PMSM faults is the stator winding fault. Due to the destructive character of this failure, it is necessary to use fault diagnostic methods that allow fault detection at its early stage. The article presents the results of experimental studies obtained from fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analyses of the stator phase current, stator phase current envelope and stator phase current space vector module. The superiority of the proposed method over the classical approach based on the stator current analysis using FFT is highlighted. The proposed solution is experimentally verified under various motor operating conditions. The application of STFT analysis discussed so far in the literature has been limited to the fault diagnosis of induction motors and the narrow range of the analysed motor operating conditions. Moreover, there are no works in the field of motor diagnostics dealing with STFT analysis for stator windings based on the stator current envelope and the stator current space vector module.
Young People and Covid-19 Pandemic in Our Country
Authors: Zorcec Tatjana , Pop-Jordanova Nada
Published: July 2022

The current COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant mental health consequences across the world. Even though healthcare workers provide psychological services, the mental health of the overall population often is cause for concern. Psychosocial stressors of the population play a critical role in impacting both the spread of the disease and the occurrence of emotional distress and psychological disorder, during and after an infectious disease outbreak.

The inability to plan, to anticipate future events, and to exert control, at least partially, over external variables inevitably generate stress and tension. Subsequently, this condition can generate more or less discomfort depending on the subjective evaluation of the individual, an evaluation which is influenced by the individual’s stable personality traits. In fact, subjective experiences are never unique: stimuli endowed with the same stressful power do not necessarily cause these reactions in different individuals, while stressful conditions of varying degrees can induce the same response in different people.

The aim of this research was to evaluate some aspects of mental health using answers related to this pandemic of a group young people, selected by chance.

Results showed important changes in quality of life, insecurity, changes in mood and behaviour as well as not optimistic view for the future life.

Discussion confirmed similar finding about young people opinions from other counties.

Additionally, some mediating measures are proposed.
Intra and Postoperative Advantages of Laparoscopy in the Treatment of Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Nikolovski Andrej , Ulusoy Cemal
Published: July 2022

Aim: To determine and define the advantages of the laparoscopic appendectomy in the treatment of complicated appendicitis by comparing it with the open appendectomy.

Material and Methods: In this prospective interventional clinical study we compared the intraoperative data and the postoperative outcome of 77 patients presented with complicated appendicitis, operated with open and laparoscopic appendectomy within a period of 20 months. One surgeon performed all of the laparoscopic procedures and two other senior surgeons performed the open procedures.

Results: Operative time was shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.033). Conversion rate was 2.3%. Overall postoperative morbidity was 25.97%. There was one operative revision due to postoperative small bowel obstruction in the laparoscopic group. Appendicular stump leakage occurred in one patient in the open group. One intra-abdominal abscess occurred in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.38). Wound infection occurred only in the open group (p = 0.018). Length of stay was shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.0052). One patient from the laparoscopic group was readmitted.

Conclusions: Laparoscopy is a reliable method in the treatment of complicated appendicitis. It offers a shorter operative time, low conversion rate, an acceptable rate of major postoperative complications and a shorter length of stay.
Comparative, Single-Dose, 2-Way Cross-Over Bioavailability Study of Two Olanzapine 10 Mg Tablet Formulations in Healthy Volunteers Under Fasting Conditions
Authors: Atanasovska Emilija , Jakjovski Krume , Pavlovska Kristina , Gjorgjievska Kalina , Zafirov Dimche , Zendelovska Dragica , Petrushevska Marija , Labachevski Nikola
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is approved across Europe, the USA, and in many other countries for oral treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes in patients with bipolar disorder as well as for maintenance therapy to prevent recurrence in responders. The objective of the present study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of two 10 mg tablet formulations of Olanzapine following a single oral dose in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions, as per the European Medicine Agency (EMA) guidelines to grant marketing authorization.

Methods: This study was a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequences, single-dose, cross-over design with a washout period of 14 days. Both the test and the reference products were administered as 10 mg tablets with 240 mL of water after an overnight fast in each study period. A total of twenty blood samples were collected before dosing and within 144 hours after drug administration. Adverse events were monitored, recorded, and evaluated by investigators throughout the study.

Results: Of the 24 healthy adult male subjects enrolled, all of them completed both study periods. The geometric mean ratio 90% confidence intervals (CI) for fasting Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-infinity were 94.83-113.71%, 95.04-105.69% and 95.94-107.00%, respectively. The 90% CI for the ratios of the three primary pharmacokinetic parameters (using log-transformed data) were within the range of 80-125%, meeting the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence.

Conclusions: The generic Olanzapine was bioequivalent to the reference formulation. It was well tolerated and provides an acceptable alternative to the reference drug.
Alström Syndrome with Early Vision and Hearing Impairement
Authors: Beqiri-Jashari Ardiana , Janchevska Aleksandra , Ahmeti Irfan , Doksimovski Filip , Cipanovska Marija , Teov Bojan , Stefanovska Emilija Sukarova , Plaseska-Karanfilska Dijana , Gucev Zoran
Published: July 2022

Alström syndrome (ALMS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple organ involvement, including progressive cone-rod dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, childhood obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathogenic variants in the ALMS1 gene are the known cause for the occurrence of this devastating condition.

Here we report on a 12 year old boy referred to the University Clinic with early signs of impaired hearing and vision, obesity, and scoliosis. Central vision was first affected, followed by peripheral vision. In addition, his weight began increasing after the age of two years, reaching 78 kg at a height of 157 cm (BMI 31.64). No polydactyly was present. His mental development was normal in spite of his hearing and vision impairments. There was acanthosis nigricans on the neck. ECG and the cardiac ultrasound were normal. At the age of 12 years, his testicles are 12 ml and his pubertal status is P2 A2. OGTT revealed impaired glucose tolerance with elevated insulin concentrations 121ulU/mL (reference range 2,00-29,1 ulU/mL). Renal function was unaffected, liver functions were normal. Uric acid and lipids were within normal plasma concentrations. A Whole Exome Sequencing was performed and a homozygous ALMS1 pathogenic, frameshift gene variant (LRG_741t1(ALMS1):c.4156dup; p.Thr1386AsnfsTer15) was determined as the cause of the disease. Both parents were carriers for the variant. The absence of mental retardation and polydactyly differentiates Alström and Bardet-Biedle syndrome.
The Art of Dying: Making a Will in Old English and Its Sociolinguistic Context
Authors: Timofeeva Olga
Published: July 2022

This paper explores the potential of legal documents for the study of the sociology of Old English. It gives a rationale for the use of legal genres, or charters, and introduces research databases and tools that may elucidate the interconnections between practitioners of legal Old English and their linguistic practices. A series of short case studies on wills illustrates what legal genres tell us about the correlation between linguistic variation, supralocalisation, and change and such variables as archive and gender.
Necropol Gazigulu – Late Bronze–Early Iron Ages Site of the Khojaly-Gedabey Archaeological Culture in Bassin of Tovuzchay River
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), Najafov Shamil N.
Published: July 2022

Large-scale rescue archaeological excavations were taken during construction of Gazigulu reservoir in western part of Azerbaijan Republic in Tovuz district of Azerbaijan in 2007-2009. Necropolis of the Late Bronze – Early Iron Ages (second part II – beginning I millenniums BC) was studied there. The site belonged to Khojaly-Gedabey archaeological culture. Gazigulu necropolis is situated at the plain, at the left bank of Tovuzchay River (the right inflow of Kura River). In total 18 burials were excavated at Gazigulu necropolis including 16 burials, which were identified as the graves with stone floors mound, another two burials were simple earth graves. The skeletons were buried in crouched / strong crouched position at left or right sides. Archaeological materials mainly,consist from the different types of ceramic vessels, metal wares and adornment. According to the author's definition, the Gazigulu burial rite was identical to the common burial traditions of population of the region during the period under study.
The Post-Petrogrom in the System of the Medievel Ugrian Cultures of the Ural-Volga Region
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazakov Evgeniy P.
Published: July 2022

As a result of many years of investigations Kazan and other archaeologists have identified and studied archaeological sites bounded up with written monuments of the Middle Ages. Among them there are the undoubted discoveries – the complexes of the Ugric cultures: Nevolino, Lomovatovo, Vanvizdino, Polom, post-Petrogrom, Chiyalik. Rich and, in many ways, unexpected data allowed us to take a different look at defining historical processes in the north-east Europe and their dating. This article presents a brief description of the post-Petrogrom culture that existed since the end of the 11th century and till the Golden Horde period. This culture made a significant contribution to the ethnic genesis of the Finno-Ugric peoples of northeastern Europe.
History of the Syganak Irrigation
Authors:   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University, Murgabayev Sagynbay S. , Maldybekova Lazzat D. ,   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University, Bakhtybaev Mels M. ,   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University, Zhetybaev Kopzhasar M. ,   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University, Gursoy M. ,   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University, Sizdikov Bagdaulet S. ,   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University
Published: July 2022

When studying medieval cities, along with the complex issues, including the structure, defense system, localization of cities according to written sources, identifying economic districts, is the study of the ancient irrigation system. Although the city of Syganak is mentioned in Arabic and Persian sources of the 10th century, we can find data on the irrigation system of the city in the work of the 16th century “Mikhman-name-iy” by Bukhara Fazlallah ibn Ruzbikhan. The waqf letters discovered by V.V. Bartold mention rivers near the city of Syganak and canals drawn from the Syrdarya. Data on the irrigation of Syganak are contained in the “Book of the Big Drawing”, “Drawing Book of Siberia” by S. Remezov. In Soviet times, E.I. Ageeva and G.I. Patsevich, V.N. Groshev drew attention to the issues of the irrigation system of Syganak. S. Zholdasbaev, who studied the city of Syganak for many years, paid special attention to the origin of the name of the canal Tuman aryk, derived from the Syr Darya. In this article, the authors drew attention to a controversial issue related to the location of the medieval city of Syganak. In some sources, the city is located on the right bank, in others – on the left bank of the Syrdarya River. Some researchers, relying on these sources, suggest that another city, Syganak, is mentioned in written sources. Our field studies have shown that the Syr Darya had several old channels in the vicinity of the city of Syganak. The discovery of these channels confirms that at one time the city was located on the left bank of the Syr Darya. The Sarysu and Shu rivers from Central Kazakhstan and Semirechye at the northwestern end of Karatau flowed into these old channels. Also, in the course of research along the ancient canals, several medieval cities and settlements of the cities of the Syr Darya were identified. The article provides information about ditches, derived from the Syr Darya, also provides data on the rivers originating in the southern part of Karatau, about their ancient names. The authors reveal that the toponymic names of Kyrash, Toktamys, Kelte-Shalkiya, Arystandy, Mynbulak found in vakuf charters have retained their names to this day.
“Cultural Premıses” in Kultobe City
Authors:   State archaeological museum-reserve «Otyrar», Akylbek Serik Sh. , Gursoy M. ,   International Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Turkish-Kazakh University
Published: July 2022

The article examines the premises uncovered as a result of archaeological excavations at the Kultobe settlement located in the city of Turkestan in 2019. In the center of these rooms there are foci with a hole (in some foci, vessels are inserted into the holes). Such foci in previous studies have been characterized as “foci-altars”. Generally speaking, premises similar to those of Kultobe were excavated at the sites of the Otrar oasis by K.M. Baipakov, which he designated as "cult premises". There are similar premises in the excavations of E.A. Smagulov at the settlement of Karatobe. The main goal of the article is to classify the hearth-altars in the places of worship of the Kultobe settlement and to make a comparative analysis. Similar premises in the archaeology of Central Asia are associated with the Zoroastrianism of Iran. One of the objectives of this article is to give a new interpretation of "cult premises" taking into account the already existing different opinions and to put new data into scientific circulation. In the process of preparing the article, the following scientific methods were used: comparative analysis, systematization and classification of sources. First, archaeological research was carried out at the site of Kultobe. The excavated premises have been carefully documented. For the comparative analysis, archival materials specialized literatures were used. In the process of working with the sources, it was concluded that the previous opinions about the belonging of the premises with "hearth-altars" to the Zoroastrian cult are subject to revision. The authors’ interpretation is based on the leading role of hearth and fire in Kazakh society.
Comprehension processes on question-answering activities: A think-aloud study
Authors: Máñez Sáez Ignacio , Vidal-Abarca Eduardo , Magliano Joseph
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Students often answer questions from available expository texts for assessment and learning purposes. These activities require readers to activate not only meaning-making processes (e.g., paraphrases or elaborations), but also metacognitive operations (e.g., monitoring readers’ own comprehension or self-regulating reading behaviors) in order to successfully use textual information to meet the task demands. The aim of the study was to explore the meaning-making processes readers activate while answering questions and using textual information at hand, and how they monitor and control the processing of these tasks.
Method. Forty eighth graders read two expository texts and answered ten multiple-choice comprehension questions per text. For each question, participants were forced to select the relevant pieces of textual information to provide the correct answer. Further, participants thought aloud in one of the texts, whereas they performed the task in silence in the other. This reading scenario served to collect valuable data on the reader’s question-answering process. The task was administered individually on a computer-based environment, which allowed recording the students’ reading behavior online.
Results. Results showed processing differences between the two recursive steps of question-answering. While reading the question readers mainly restated information and focused on monitoring the comprehension of the questions and their correspondence with the alternatives. However, they tended to paraphrase and assess textual relevance when searching the text. The study also reveals that think-aloud methodology affected these processes and outcomes differently.
Discussion and Conclusion. This study advances on our knowledge of cognitive and metacognitive processes involved in answering questions from an available text, a task extensively used to measure reading literacy skills as well as for learning purposes in academic settings. It shows how readers activate meaning-making processes while reading questions and searching the text for task-relevant information, and how they monitor the question-answering process. The study also reveals that think-aloud methodology may affect these processes differently. Apart from advancing our theoretical knowledge, our study also has important practical applications for the assessment of reading literacy skills.
Predictores de la somnolencia, satisfacción con los estudios y el cansancio emocional en estudiantes con altas capacidades intelectuales durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Tello-Castro Wendy , Morales-García Wilter C. , Turpo-Chaparro Josué E. , Huancahuire-Vega Salomón , Ruiz Mamani Percy G.
Published: July 2022

Introducción. Los cambios repentinos en la modalidad educativa escolar a causa de la pandemia COVID-19 y el aislamiento social han afectado el estilo de vida, salud mental y emocional, y la percepción de su formación académica en los estudiantes con altas capacidades intelectuales. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las variables predictoras de la somnolencia, satisfacción con los estudios y cansancio emocional en estudiantes con altas capacidades intelectuales durante la pandemia COVID-19.
Método. Este estudio involucró a 409 estudiantes de tercero a quinto grado de secundaria con altas capacidades intelectuales y que reciben una educación especial gratuita asociada al talento y alto rendimiento (COAR). Las edades oscilaron entre 14 y 17 años (M = 15.26, DE = .89). Se utilizó la Escala Breve de Satisfacción con los Estudios (EBSE), Escala de Cansancio Emocional (ECE), Escala de Hábitos de Alimentación y Actividad Física (EHAAF), Índice de Pittsburgh, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2) y la Escala Corta de Somnolencia de Epworth (ESE). Se calcularon estadísticos descriptivos y se evaluó la normalidad de las variables. Además, se analizó un modelo predictivo en base a los índices de bondad de ajuste usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los análisis se realizaron a través de los programas estadisticos SPSS 24.0 y Amos 24.0.
Resultados. El análisis descriptivo arrojó coeficientes de asimetría y curtosis adecuados. Los análisis muestran que todas las variables se correlacionan significativamente (p < 0.01). Así mismo, el modelo predictivo de la somnolencia, satisfacción con los estudios y el cansancio emocional presenta adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste (X2 = 7.427, gl = 6, p = .283, X2/gl = 1.238, TLI = 0.994, CFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.024 and SRMR = 0.186).
Conclusión. En este estudio se presenta un modelo predictivo de la somnolencia, satisfacción con los estudios y el cansancio emocional en estudiantes con altas capacidades intelectuales durante la pandemia por el COVID-19. Se concluye que la actividad física, hábitos alimentarios y la calidad de sueño son predictores de la somnolencia y, a su vez, la ansiedad generalizada, la actividad física y la calidad de sueño predicen el cansancio emocional, que es también un predictor de la satisfacción con los estudios.
E-learning Visual Design Elements of User Experience Perspective
Authors: Alshaykha Ali Mustafa Ali
Published: July 2022

The visual elements play an essential role in E-learning utilisations that impact the effectiveness of the learning users. That requires highlighting the effect of new elements of E-learning on the learning outcomes of students as well as users. The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to identify the most relevant studies on the subject. This paper investigates empirical identification and examines both E-learning text and non-text related to the category of visual materials. The user experience design perspective covers literature surveys, interviews, and questionnaires. Research has been done on the types and functions of the visual elements of E-learning. Therefore, based on the existing E-learning Levin visual model elements, including "organisational", "descriptive", "interpretative", "deformable", "decorative", and "social", distinguish the correlation degree of each element with learning content and persistence. The result shows better user satisfaction enhancement and promotion of E-learning's learning effectiveness and persistence. In addition, from the perspective of user experience, it is found that social elements are the potential needs of users, and sociality is one of the characteristics of digital learning.
Lithostratigraphy of the Bumbeni Complex and its associated subdivisions, South Africa
Authors: Ncume M. , Hicks N. , Hoyer L. , Bristow J.W. , Botha G.A.
Published: July 2022

The Bumbeni Complex represents an Early Cretaceous volcanic complex that developed at the southern termination of the Lebombo mountain range in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The volcano-sedimentary complex intrudes and disconformably overlies the Lebombo Group of the Karoo Large Igneous Province. The volcano-stratigraphy is defined by an assemblage of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks as well as late stage quartz-syenite intrusions. Based on current geological and geophysical studies the complex is considered to represent the remnants of a collapsed cauldron structure. The stratigraphic succession is intricate and laterally discontinuous, comprising mafic and felsic lava flows, welded and non-welded tuffs, ignimbrites, lahar deposits, rhyolite domes and dykes and coarse-grained syenitic rocks. Rhyolite dome formation and collapse, and associated plinian eruptions and column collapse, were largely responsible for the variety of volcaniclastic rocks, including classic air-fall tuff deposits. The complex forms part of a northeast trending volcanic basement lineament known as the Bumbeni Ridge defined by aeromagnetic data.
The petrogenesis and emplacement mechanism of layered ultramafic-mafic complexes of the Barberton Greenstone Belt: Insights from the Stolzburg Complex, South Africa
Authors: Tau M.M. , Bolhar R. , Wilson A.H. , Anhaeusser C.R.
Published: July 2022

Ultramaﬁc-maﬁc layered complexes are important but not-well studied components of Archaean granitoid-greenstone terranes. In the vicinity of the Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), at least 27 such complexes are intimately associated with the supracrustal succession. The petrogenesis of one of these layered bodies, the Stolzburg Complex (SC), is explored, together with its relationship to the surrounding Barberton volcanic succession.

Previous models for the origin of Barberton layered complexes proposed a variety of mechanisms, such as single chamber subvolcanic sills, ponded lavas, and alpine-type tectonites. In contrast, the present work suggests that emplacement mostly occurred as sheeted sills of crystal slurries into the country rocks. Unlike the subvolcanic sills model, whereby each complex grew through repetitive magma injection and differentiation in a single chamber, the preferred model regards the layered bodies as ‘stacks’ of discrete intrusions, where each magmatic unit represents a distinct sill. Through comparison of trace element geochemistry (i.e., trace element ratios and patterns), the Lower and Upper divisions of the SC are inferred to be petrogenetically related, but compositionally distinct from the enveloping Nelshoogte volcanic rocks. The trace element geochemistry of the Lower and Upper divisions of the complex is indistinguishable. While the SC ultramaﬁc rocks display an Al-undepleted character, Nelshoogte metavolcanics can be classiﬁed as Al-depleted komatiites and komatiitic basalts.
The industrial-grade hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil biodiesel application in a diesel engine: combustion, harmful pollutants, and performance characteristics
Authors: Yilbaşi Zeki , Yesilyurt Murat Kadir , Yaman Hayri , Arslan Mevlut
Published: July 2022

The core focus of the present investigation is regarding biodiesel production from industrial hemp seed oil applying single-stage homogenous catalyzed transesterification process obtaining high yield of methyl ester. The engine tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, unmodified diesel engine operating with hemp seed oil methyl ester as well as its blends with conventional diesel fuel. The experimental findings of the test fuels were compared with those from diesel. The results pointed out that the performance and combustion behaviors of biodiesel fuels are just about in line with those of diesel fuel propensity. The specific fuel consumption for 5% biodiesel blend (0.291 kg/kW h), 10% biodiesel blend (0.305 kg/kW h), and 20% biodiesel blend (0.312 kg/kW h) blends at full load was closer to diesel (0.275 kg/kW h). In the meantime, the thermal efficiency for biodiesel was found to be at the range of 15.98–24.97% and it was slightly lower than that of diesel (18.10–29.85%) at the working loads. On the other hand, the harmful pollutant characteristics of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke opacity for biodiesel and its blends were observed to be lower in comparison with diesel during the trials. However, the oxides of nitrogen emissions for biodiesel were monitored to be as 6.85–15.40 g/kW h which was remarkably higher than that of diesel (4.71–8.63 g/kW h). Besides that, the combustion behaviors of biodiesel and its blends with diesel showed much the same followed those of diesel. Namely, the duration of ignition delay of biodiesel–diesel blends was shorter than that of diesel fuel because of the higher cetane number specification of the methyl ester. The highest gas pressures inside the cylinder as well as the rates of the heat release of biodiesel including test fuels are lower in contrast to the diesel due to the shorter ignition delay. It could be concluded that the utilization of biodiesel produced from industrial hemp seed oil in the diesel engine up to 20% (by vol.) will decrease the consumption of diesel and environmental pollution, especially in developing countries.
A prescrição de anti-hipertensivos no serviço de emergência: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Kullak João Henrique , Barbosa Bruno de Oliveira , Reis Bruno Cezario Costa
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o padrão das prescrições dos anti-hipertensivos na emergência, relacionando com a variação da pressão arterial e a idade dos indivíduos, avaliando a existência de prescrições inadequadas. Métodos: A abordagem deste trabalho é uma revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando as bases de dados National Library of Medicine, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Directory of Open Access Journals. Os descritores utilizados foram “Antihypertensive”, “Emergency Medical Services” e “Treatment”. Os critérios de inclusão foram ensaios clínicos, randomizados, não randomizados, estudos de caso-controle, estudo de coorte, livre acesso, publicados em inglês, português, espanhol e no intervalo de 2012 a 2022. Resultados: Os 19 artigos selecionados, foram avaliados os anti-hipertensivos prescritos nos serviços de emergência e construído um quadro comparativo, na qual é composta pelo número de indivíduos abordados nos estudos, ano de publicação, principais prescrições, principal variação da pressão arterial a receber tais prescrições e faixa etária. Considerações finais: Dessa forma, o anti-hipertensivo mais prescrito foi o Captopril na variação pressórica de 140x90 mmHg em maiores de 18 anos, resultando em prescrições adequadas.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence 7 Scale Tamil Translation and Validation among Breast Cancer Survivors in India
Authors: Nandakumar Devi , Veeriah Surendran , Krishnamurthy Arvind , Veluswami Sridevi , Ananthi Balasubramanian
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is one of the most widely reported conditions among cancer survivors. The present study aims to translate and validate FCR7 scale into regional language tamil among breast cancer survivors (BCSv).

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study comprising a sample of 106 breast cancer survivors was carried out. FCR 7 scale, functional assessment of cancer therapy-B (FACT-B) and impact of event scale-R (IES-R) were used for establishing reliability and validity. Translation of the FCR7-T scale was done from English into Tamil following the international guidelines and a field study was performed.

Results:

The test-retest reliability was established for FCR 7 Tamil with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96 and ICC value of 0.910. On Spearman’s correlation, an inverse relationship was found between FCR7 and FACT-B (r = −0.259 and P = 0.01). The survivors with high FCR reported poorer quality of life.

Conclusion:

The Tamil version of the FCR7 tool is highly sensitive for measuring FCR.
PENERAPAN KODE ETIK JURNALIS TELEVISI INDONESIA PADA PROGRAM BERITA KRIMINAL DI RIAU TELEVISI
Authors: Rusdiyanto Rusdiyanto , Cahyadi Yan , Siregar Helly Aroza
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze whether the criminal news broadcast on the Detak Riau News program on Riau Television was in accordance with the The Ethics Code of Indonesian Television Journalist. The method used is quantitative content analysis by analyzing the coding results and then describing it descriptively. The results of the study indicated that the criminal news in a complete and actual category.Iin general the criminal news program did not show sadistic shows, although there were still some news that broadcast sadism, but the percentage was small. This criminal news program can be said to have met the ethics of the politeness aspect of the news that displays vulgar impressions and break the human rights, although there were news that still display minimal clothing and violence, but with a small percentage. Furthermore, in terms of the identity of the perpetrators and suspects in immoral news, this criminal news program had fully complied with the code of ethics.
La traduction turque du Cours de linguistique générale de F. de Saussure par B. Vardar: une version exemplaire d’un maître-traducteur
Authors: Öztürk Kasar Sündüz
Published: July 2022

Le Cours de linguistique générale de F. de Saussure a été traduit en turc sous letitre de Genel dilbilim dersleri par B. Vardar (1934-1989) et publié en deux tomesen 1976 et 1978. Au moment où Vardar a entrepris cette traduction, il n’y avait pasde terminologie de linguistique établie en turc. De plus, la linguistique en tant quediscipline de recherche n’existait pratiquement pas en Turquie. Dès lors, ce projetde traduction apparaissait à cette date comme un vrai défi. Mais Vardar était l’unedes rares personnes en mesure de mener à bien cette entreprise difficile. Pour satraduction du Cours, il a d’abord fait des travaux terminologiques; il a produit undictionnaire raisonné de termes linguistiques. À part le Cours de Saussure, Vardar atraduit d’autres textes théoriques de linguistique. Ces traductions nécessitaient uneréflexion sur l’activité traduisante; ce qui a mené Vardar à conceptualiser son expériencede traducteur en termes de linguiste. Pour Vardar, l’un des plus grands problèmesde la traduction est l’entropie. Il affirme que dans n’importe quelle traduction,aussi bonne soit-elle, l’entropie s’avère inévitable et il incombe au traducteurde la réduire au minimum. Or, sa traduction du Cours nous montre que le texte turcne diminue en rien le texte français, au contraire, par son profond savoir, Vardarcontribue à l’original de plusieurs façons. En somme, la traduction turque du Coursa constitué la terminologie linguistique turque qui n’existait pas auparavant et aassuré l’institutionnalisation de la linguistique en tant que discipline de rechercheen Turquie.
Caractérisation typologique de l’espéranto comme langue naturelle
Authors: Koutny Ilona
Published: July 2022

Pour caractériser typologiquement l’espéranto et trouver sa place parmi les langues naturelles, il faut l’étudier selon les différents critères utilisés pour caractériser les langues ethniques et le comparer avec la palette des langues naturelles. On trouve dans la base de données WALS de nombreux critères relevant des différents niveaux linguistiques. Une analyse statistique de l’espéranto à l’aide des critères de WALS est importante et intéressante, même si elle ne permet pas de situer l’espéranto de façon définitive au sein des langues existantes. La présente étude vise à apporter des réponses quant à la caractérisation typologique de l’espéranto grâce à l’analyse de plusieurs critères sélectionnés relevant de la phonétique (système sonore et combinaison des sons), de la syntaxe (expression des relations syntaxiques, accord, ordre des mots), de la morphologie (composition des morphèmes et leur combinaison productive), de la sémantique (combinabilité sémantique des significations, segmentation sémantique du monde au moyen des mots, expression des couleurs) et de la pragmatique. Après avoir montré les traits européens et spécifiques de l’espéranto, elle conclura que, même s’il n’est pas une langue moyenne du point de vue statistique, l’espéranto possède des caractéristiques qui le rendent accessible internationalement.
Paramedesidem : Quinte-Curce VII, 3.6
Authors: Rapin Claude
Published: July 2022

Parmi les innombrables travaux consacrés à Alexandre le Grand, la géographie historique occupe une place relativement marginale. Les philologues et historiens n’ont eu que rarement l’occasion d’explorer eux-mêmes de bout en bout les routes suivies par Alexandre, ses généraux et leurs adversaires dans les satrapies proches et lointaines de l’empire achéménide. Hormis quelques localités régulièrement réidentifiées, le savoir géographique repose pour l’essentiel sur les hypothèses des historiens du XIXe siècle, à une époque où l’arrière-pays asiatique était encore peu connu. Le cas de l’Asie centrale est dans ce contexte d’autant plus significatif que la découverte de son territoire n’a été longtemps l’apanage que des voyageurs les plus intrépides, tant du côté de l’Afghanistan qui ne s’est véritablement ouvert aux étrangers qu’à partir du second quart du XXe siècle, que du côté de l’ancien Turkestan russe que les Soviétiques ont transformé en forteresse impénétrable jusque dans les années 1980. De ce fait, dans les manuels traitant de l’époque hellénistique les cartes générales de la route orientale d’Alexandre, notamment depuis l’Iran, présentent depuis plus d’un siècle un tracé pratiquement inchangé, même s’il est en grande partie incorrect.
Avant-propos
Authors: Py Bernard
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Focalisation et antifocus
Authors: Bearth Thomas
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Konfirmandenunterricht... tout de même! Les procédés de transcodage en conversation bilingue et exolingue
Authors: Oesch-Serra Cecilia
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Corpus oraux et édition : quelle transcription pour quelle lecture?
Authors: Rittaud-Hutinet Chantal
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
Gestion interactive et complexification du discours : les séquences narratives en conversation exolingue
Authors: Oesch-Serra Cecilia
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
bilinguisme et le biculturalisme
Authors: Grosjean François
Published: July 2022

[Ce texte n'a pas de résumé].
L'accès au lexique de code-switchs chez le bilingue: effets de la densité et du contexte
Authors: Leuenberger Markus
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
erreurs d'utilisation des temps anglais par les francophones: ébauche d'un vérificateur Prolog
Authors: Tschumi Corinne
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Using automata to detect and correct errors in the written English of French-speakers
Authors: Kübler Natalie
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Quelques notions utiles à la sémantique des descripteurs nominaux
Authors: Berrendonner Alain
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Anaphores après SN complexes: quels objets de discours?
Authors: Chanet Catherine
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Déterminant zéro et anaphore
Authors: Reichler-Béguelin Marie-José
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Construction des objets de discours et catégorisation: une approche des processus de référenciation
Authors: Mondada Lorenza , Dubois Danièle
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
distinction bien fragile: écrit/oral
Authors: Gadet François
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
lecture à d'autres: un oral public à partir de l'écrit
Authors: Dolz Joaquim , Dufour Janine , Haller Sylvie , Schneuwly Bernard
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Représentations sur les pratiques sociales de l'écrit et apprentissage de la lecture
Authors: Weck Geneviève de , Niederberger Nathalie
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
énigmes d'un accès au langage écrit bloqué chez un enfant migrant
Authors: Rosenbaum Francine , Evard Stéphanie
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Représentations sociales et politique linguistique. Le cas du Val d'Aoste.
Authors: Cavalli Marisa
Published: July 2022

[Se référer au PDF pour le résumé].
Pour une terminologie grammaticale européennne. Défense et illustration
Authors: Willems Dominique
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we want to defend the necessity and to illustrate the possibility of a harmonization of the grammatical terminology in Europe. The grammatical metalanguage shows considerable divergences from one language to another. The sources of this heterogeneity are manyfold but a new reflection on the function and minimal requirements of a grammatical terminology should make it possible to elaborate at least a nucleus of common terminology for the wordclasses and grammatical functions in the European languages. We illustrate this point with four concrete examples: the noun phrase, the object complements, the clause types and the invariable wordclasses.
«De la phrase aux énoncés»: bilan et perspectives
Authors: Béguelin Marie-José
Published: July 2022

This short article presents the genesis and the main lines of a collective work meant for French teachers and to be published under the title De la phrase aux énoncés. Grammaire scolaire et descriptions linguistiques (Bruxelles, De Boeck-Duculot, coll. Savoirs en pratique, April 2000). This book puts forward an inventory of school grammars and sets propositions to solve a certain number of problematical issues. The matter of verbal complements is treated among others: several typologies actually compete and tests of identification used in class often fail to work as discriminating functions. Interlinguistic viewpoint – as long as it is introduced with care and caution – seems therefore to be a possible way to lead to a more satisfying didactic approach.
Pour une approche transversale de l’enseignement des langues
Authors: Balma Pierre-Alain
Published: July 2022

Is the attempt to have a coherent terminology in language teaching a priority? And if so, according to which linguistic model or theory?
It seems clear that a harmonized terminology could be of a great help to learn one or more foreign languages. However, this question of terminology is only the tip of the iceberg; what is more important is to help learners developing a capacity of reflecting and comparing various languages, an ability to self-build their own metalanguage, allowing them a transversal approach of the studied languages.
This is the direction in which the Interlanguage Study Group of the Cycle d’Orientation in Geneva has worked; first in comparing the expression of time in French, German and English, then in elaborating didactic activities in the form of sequential tasks to help students develop a better awareness of both similarities and differences between languages.
diversité des langues: un outil pour mieux comprendre la grammaire?
Authors: Pietro Jean-François de
Published: July 2022

Approaches such as Language Awareness, which appeared in Great Britain in the 1980’s, are now being developed in many countries. This approach suggests a new way of viewing considerations about language (links between spoken and written language, relations between languages, the working of languages and of other communication systems...), while integrating all languages existing in a school class: classroom language, other languages taught, immigrant languages.
Linguistic variety is far from being an obstacle to teaching. It is justified and it becomes a major subject in class as well as a source of students’ elaboration of language knowledge and the source of a widened language culture. Linguistic variety is also a starting point of the development of metalinguistic abilities useful to learning processes and of a new viewing of stereotypes and prejudices often observed against linguistic differences.
The author first remarks on the present situation of teaching, then he points out possible contributions of such processes to the field of grammar. He mainly discusses issues concerning the notion of gender and he puts forward a few activities that can be conducted with pupils of different school grades. In conclusion, he tries and shows how proposals suggested in such a frame work can fit into a curriculum (following a project developed in the French part of Switzerland) and he develops some arguments for a widened concept of grammar from a linguistic point of view.
Rééducation de la dysgraphie chez l’adulte: présentation d’une méthode visuo-orthographique et présentation de cas avec pathologie acquise et développementale
Authors: Colombo-Thuillard Françoise , Bobillier Maude
Published: July 2022

After having recalled cognitive models for interpreting writing disorders following cerebral lesions of the dominant hemisphere by adults, we propose a qualitative analysis of written productions; we will then present a therapeutic method based on a visual imagery strategy, devised by de Partz and collaborators in 1992, and specifically aimed at the remediation of surface dysgraphia.
We present the results of two patients who were treated by this method: the first patient presented an acquired impairment consecutive to a vascular lesion, the second was treated as an adult for a developmental disorder. Finally, we will discuss the application conditions and its limits. We shall also consider some of the differences that could be linked to the mode of acquisition of these disorders.