bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Nanoplatforms Based on Photosensitizers and Metal/Covalent Organic Frameworks for Improved Photodynamic Therapy Nano-Delivery Systems
Authors: Magadla Aviwe
Published: December 2024

Researchers have extensively investigated photosensitiser (PS) derivatives for various applications due to their superior photophysical and electrochemical properties. However, inherent problems, such as instability and self-quenching under physiological conditions, limit their biological applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent two relatively new material types. These materials have high surface areas and permanent porosity, and they show a tremendous deal of potential for applications like these. This review summarises key synthesis processes and highlights recent advancements in integrating PS-based COF and MOF nanocarriers for biomedical applications while addressing potential obstacles and prospects.
h-Index Determination
Authors: Ruiz Jaruiz
Published: December 2024

The h-index is probably the more popular method of evaluation of the impact of academic research-ers, and several modifications, related indexes or criticisms have been proposed. Also, h-indexes should only be compared for researchers in a same research field, but it is frequently used for com-paring researchers in different fields, greatly in private situations. Here I show in a simple way that when considering the deep significance of individual citation weight, the h-index is self-inconsistent. The calculation procedure for the h-index does not consider the true weight of individual citations, nor the change in the number of published documents and citations per year with time. Thus, an im-portant way of evaluating academic researchers is greatly relying on a index with a inaccurate defini-tion. On the other hand, the relative value of the h-indexes of two researchers working in different science fields is proportional to the square root of the ratio of respective field sizes, and therefore they should not be directly compared.
The Impact of City-Led Neighborhood Action on Coproduction of Neighborhood Quality and Safety in Buffalo, NY
Authors: Robb Katharine , Uribe Pablo A. , Dickens Eleanor , Marcoux Ashley , Creighton Jessica , de Jong Jorrit
Published: December 2024

Creating and sustaining safe, healthy urban environments requires active collaboration between residents and local governments. Public safety and the upkeep of public spaces depends, in large part, on residents’ reports of crime and service needs. However, in underserved areas, factors such as urban decay, inadequate public services, and concentrated disadvantage have weakened these cooperative dynamics. This breakdown can exacerbate underreporting of crime and service needs and deepen neighborhood inequalities. In Buffalo, NY, the city-led initiative "Clean Sweeps" works to reduce neighborhood disparities through rapid beautification and community outreach in targeted city blocks. The program aims to improve quality of life by reducing crime and blight while fostering greater community engagement. In an analysis of data from 77,955 matched properties (published elsewhere) we found that residents were more likely to report drug-related crimes (via 911) and blight-related service needs (via 311) compared to untreated properties in the 6 months following a Clean Sweep. In this study, we analyze data from 21 interviews with city staff and 4 focus groups with residents to explore how interventions in the social and physical environment of neighborhoods, like the Clean Sweep innovation, can influence residents’ willingness to coproduce with local government. We identify improved responsiveness, trust, and self-efficacy as key mechanisms impacting residents' reporting behavior. The findings show how relatively simple environmental interventions paired with outreach can help create safer, healthier neighborhoods.
Mapping Coverage, Function, Spatial Configuration and Typology of Forests and Trees of Latium Region, Central Italy
Authors: di Cristofaro Marco , Moresi Federico Valerio , Maesano Mauro , Portoghesi Luigi , Munafò Michele , De Fioravante Paolo , Tonti Daniela , Ottaviano Marco , Marchetti Marco , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe
Published: December 2024

Among LULC products, tree cover maps are crucial tools to assess forest functionality and ecosystem services (ES), and implement sustainable forest management. Advances in remote sensing technologies continue improving maps’ accuracy, detail and proficiency. This study focuses on a novel high resolution tree cover mapping of Latium region, central Italy, emphasizing spatial configuration, function and typology. Regional forests and trees covers 44.2% of Latium. Forests in mountain areas represent 38.3% of the regional mountain surfaces. Covering 469,593 ha, trees in hilly and floodplain areas plays a crucial role for biodiversity, environmental risks and other ES. We distinguished between forests, which comprise 96.9% of tree cover, and TOF, which contribute to ecological connectivity and landscape resilience. Although representing 2% of the total tree cover, urban forests are vital for climate and urban air quality. Major forest categories of Latium include Turkey oak, Temperate broadleaf, Beech, Downy oak and Holm oak forests. Proposed methodology was found to be reliable for similar purposes. Study has successfully demonstrated the feasibility of producing reliable and cost-effective regional forest maps using open-source data. The regular release of such data should enable rapid map updates, promoting their use for monitoring purposes.
Valence Variability Induced in SrMoO₃ Perovskite by Mn Doping: Evaluation of a New Family of Anodes for Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Sanchez de Bustamante Lucía , Silva Santos Romualdo , Martinez Jose Luis , Fernández-Diaz Maria Teresa , Aguadero Ainara , Alonso José Antonio
Published: December 2024

We report on a series of SrMo1-xMnxO3-δ perovskite oxides designed as potential anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). These materials were synthesized using a citrate method, yielding scheelite-type precursors with nominal SrMo1-xMnxO4 compositions, which were further reduced to obtain the active perovskite oxides. Their structural evolution was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD). These techniques provided insights into the crystallographic changes upon Mn doping, revealing key factors influencing ionic conductivity. Whereas the oxidized scheelite precursors are tetragonal, space group I41/a, the reduced perovskite specimens are cubic, space group Pm-3m, and show the conspicuous absence of oxygen vacancies, even at the highest temperature of 800ºC. The transport properties were analyzed through electrical conductivity measurements, exhibiting a metallic-like behavior. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dilatometry give insights into the thermal stability and expansion behavior, essential for SOFC operation. Test single SOFC were built in an electrolyte-supported configuration, on LSGM pellets of 300m thickness, assessing the performance of the title materials as anodes. This work emphasizes the critical relationship between the crystal structure and its electrochemical behavior, providing a deeper understanding of how doping strategies can optimize fuel cell performance.
Enhancing Catalytic Performance with Ni Foam-Coated Porous Ni Particles via 1-Butene Hydrogenation
Authors: Park Dahee , Koo Hye Young , Kim Yuchan
Published: December 2024

The efficient hydrogenation of 1-butene is an industrially significant reaction for producing fuels and value-added chemicals. However, achieving high catalytic efficiency and stability remains challenging, particularly for cost-effective materials, such as Ni. In this study, we developed a porous Ni-coated Ni foam catalyst by electrostatic spray deposition to address these challenges. The catalyst exhibited a turnover frequency approximately ten times higher than that of either porous Ni or Ni foam alone. This enhancement was attributed to the formation of interfacial active sites, which facilitated improved reactant adsorption and activation during hydrogenation. The electrostatic spray deposition technique ensured a uniform and controlled coating, enabling pre-cise engineering of the catalyst structure and interface. The post-deposition heat treatment was further optimized to enhance structural integrity and catalytic performance. This study highlights the importance of interface engineering and structural optimization in catalyst design and pro-vides valuable insights into the development of efficient Ni-based catalysts for industrial hy-drogenation applications. These findings emphasize the potential of electrostatic spray deposition as a versatile method for fabricating advanced catalytic systems.
Enhancing Adolescent Well-Being: Sleep, Nutrition, Substance Use, Leisure Activities, and Community Strategies for Effective Public Health Interventions
Authors: Zafra-Agea José Antonio , Vilafranca-Cartagena Mireia , García-Gutiérrez Daniel , Ramírez-Baraldes Estel·la , Portabella Serra Anna , Colillas-Malet Ester , García-Salido Cristina
Published: December 2024

Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes that influence adolescents' health and behavior. This study analyzes self-perceived health, mood, sleep patterns, substance use, dietary habits, and leisure activities among 120 adolescents aged 14 to 17 in a municipality in Barcelona. Results revealed that 82.6% of girls had consumed al-cohol compared to 56.9% of boys (p = 0.003), and 42.15% of girls reported having smoked at least once versus 19.83% of boys (p < 0.001). Physical inactivity was reported by 17.4% of girls compared to 11.8% of boys, highlighting barriers to participation. Regarding sleep patterns, a significant variation was observed in the 8.5-hour category (p = 0.0090). Breakfast skipping was more common among girls (33.3%) than boys (21.6%). These findings underscore the im-portance of integrating gender-sensitive public health strategies to address disparities in sub-stance use, physical activity, and dietary habits while promoting sleep hygiene and holistic adolescent well-being through municipal and community-based initiatives.
Forest Cover and Above Ground Carbon Stock Dynamics Assessment and Mapping over Middle Awash River Basin, Ethiopia: Implications for Climate Change Resilience
Authors: Bedada Bereket Abera
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study is to investigate the temporal variation of forest cover and carbon stock change within the Middle Awash River Basin in Ethiopia, focusing on the years 1995, 2010, and 2023. The study utilized multi-temporal Landsat imagery and Google Earth Engine cloud API platform and employed the Random Forest Algorithm for LULC classification. The above-ground carbon stock in the present study was computed from total forest cover of the basin. The results indicate a significant decline in forest cover within the Basin, which decreased from 1,521.88 km² in 1995 to 1,174.10 km² in 2010 and further to 825.20 km² by 2023. Alongside this reduction, total wood volume and dry matter biomass also experienced declines, with wood volume falling from 876.28 m³ to 676.03 m³, and then to 475.14 m³, while dry matter biomass decreased from 376.80 tons to 290.69 tons, and finally to 204.31 tons. These trends highlight a troubling reduction in carbon stock and an increase in carbon dioxide emissions. Overall, the gradual decline in carbon stocks and the loss of forest cover within the basin highlight the urgent need to implement effective conservation strategies aimed at restoring and safeguarding the remaining forest ecosystems.
PolyDeep Advance 1: Clinical Validation of a Computer-Aided Detection System for Colorectal Polyp Detection with a Second Observer Design
Authors: Davila-Piñón Pedro , Pedrido Teresa , Díez-Martín Astrid Irene , Herrero Jesús , Puga Manuel , Rivas Laura , Sánchez Eloy , Zarraquiños Sara , Pin Noel , Vega Pablo , Soto Santiago , Remedios David , Domínguez-Carbajales Rubén , Fdez-Riverola Florentino , Nogueira-Rodríguez Alba , Glez-Peña Daniel , Reboiro-Jato Miguel , López-Fernández Hugo , Cubiella Joaquín
Published: December 2024

Background: PolyDeep is a computer-aided detection and characterization system that has demonstrated a high diagnostic yield for in vitro detection of colorectal polyps. Our objective is to compare the diagnostic performance of expert endoscopists and PolyDeep for colorectal polyp detection. Methods: PolyDeep Advance 1 (NCT05514301) is an unicentric diagnostic test study with a second observer design. Endoscopists performed the colonoscopy blinded to PolyDeep. The main endpoint was the sensitivity for colorectal polyp (adenoma, serrated or hyperplastic lesion) detection. The secondary endpoints were the diagnostic performance for diminutive lesions (≤5 mm), neoplasia (adenoma, serrated lesion) and adenoma detection. Results: We included 205 patients (55.1% male, 63.0 ± 6.2 years of age) referred to colonoscopy (positive faecal immunochemical occult blood test = 60.5%, surveillance colonoscopy = 39.5%). We excluded 8 patients due to incomplete colonoscopy. Endoscopists detected 384 lesions, of which 39 were not detected by PolyDeep. In contrast, PolyDeep predicted 410 possible additional lesions, 26 of these predictions confirmed by endoscopists as lesions, resulting in a potential 6.8% detection increase with respect to the 384 lesions detected by the endoscopists. In total, 410 lesions were detected, 20 were not retrieved, 5 were colorectal adenocarcinoma, 343 were colorectal polyps (231 adenomas, 39 serrated and 73 hyperplastic polyps), 42 were normal mucosa and 289 were ≤5mm. We did not find statistically significant differences between endoscopists and PolyDeep for colorectal polyp detection (Sensitivity = 94.2%, 91.5%, p = 0.2; Specificity = 9.5%, 14.3%, p = 0.7), diminutive lesions (Sensitivity = 92.3%,89.5%, p = 0.4; Specificity = 9.8%, 14.6%, p = 0.7), neoplasia (Sensitivity = 95.2%, 92.9%, p = 0.3; Specificity = 9.6%, 13.9%, p = 0.4) and adenoma detection (Sensitivity = 94.4%, 92.6%, p = 0.5; Specificity = 7.2%, 11.8%, p = 0.2). Conclusion: Expert endoscopists and PolyDeep have similar diagnostic performance for colorectal polyp detection.
Supramolecular Assemblies and Anticancer Activities of Aminopyidine-Based Polynuclear and Mononuclear Co(II) Benzoates: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Dutta Kamal K. , Baishya Trishnajyoti , Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Barceló-Oliver Miquel , Verma Akalesh Kumar , Das Jumi , Bhattacharyya Manjit K.
Published: December 2024

Two new Co(II) coordination compounds viz. [Co(H2O)(bz)2(μ-3-Ampy)2]n (1) and [Co(4-Mebz)2(2-Ampy)2] (2) (where; bz = benzoate, 4-Mebz = 4-Methylbenzoate and Ampy = Aminopyridine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental (CHN), electronic spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, inferring that compound 1 crystallizes as a 3-Ampy bridged Co(II) coordination polymer; whereas, compound 2 crystallizes as mononuclear Co(II) compound. Compound 1 unfolds the presence of N‒H∙∙∙O, C‒H∙∙∙O, O‒H∙∙∙O, C‒H∙∙∙N and aromatic π∙∙∙π interactions; while for compound 2, N‒H∙∙∙O, C‒H∙∙∙O, C‒H∙∙∙C and C‒H∙∙∙π interactions are observed. Both the compounds showcase scarcely reported chelate ring interactions involving the benzoate moiety (chelate ring∙∙∙π in 1 and N‒H∙∙∙chelate ring in 2). We have also carried out theoretical studies comprising of combined QTAIM/NCI plot analysis, DFT energy calculation and MEP surface analysis to analyze the non-covalent interactions present in the crystal structures. As per QTAIM parameters, the predominance of π-stacking interactions over hydrogen bonds in stabilizing the assembly in compound 1 is affirmed. Likewise, in compound 2, both hydrogen bonding (HBs) and C–H···π interactions are deemed pivotal in stabilizing the dimeric assemblies. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against Dalton’s lymphoma (DL) malignant cancer cell lines using cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays which showcases higher cytoxicity of compound 1 (IC50 = 28 μM) over compound 2 (IC50 = 34 μM). Additionally, molecular docking study investigates the structure activity relationship of these compounds and to understand the molecular behavior after treatment.
BUB1 Inhibition Induces Ferroptosis in Triple- Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Sriramulu Sushmitha , Thoidingjam Shivani , Brown Stephen L. , Siddiqui Farzan , Movsas Benjamin , Nyati Shyam
Published: December 2024

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype with limited effective treatments available, including targeted therapies, often leading to poor prognosis. Mitotic checkpoint kinase BUB1 is frequently overexpressed in TNBC and correlates with poor survival outcomes suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. This study explores the cytotoxicity of TNBC cells to BUB1 inhibition, alone or in combination with radiation and demonstrates that ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death, has a role.
Methods: TNBC cell lines (SUM159, MDA-MB-231, and BT-549) were treated with a BUB1 inhibitor BAY1816032 (BUB1i) alone or in combination with the ferroptosis activator RSL3 with or without 4 Gy irradiation. Cell viability assays were conducted to assess treatment effects, and qPCR analyses measured expression of key ferroptosis markers including ACSL4 and PTGS2, and GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression. Ferroptosis specificity was confirmed through co-treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (F-1).
Results: In all TNBC cell lines studied, BUB1 inhibition significantly induced ferroptosis, marked by increased expression of ACSL4 and PTGS2 and decreased expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11. The combination of BUB1i with RSL3 further amplified these ferroptosis markers, suggesting at least an additive effect, which was not present with the combination of BUB1i and radiation. Co-treatment with Ferrostatin-1 reversed the expression of ferroptosis markers, suggesting that BUB1i mediated cell death may involve ferroptosis signaling in TNBC cell lines.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BUB1 inhibition may independently induce ferroptosis in TNBC cell lines which is enhanced when combined with a ferroptosis activator. Further research is warranted to delineate molecular mechanism of BUB1 mediated ferroptosis in TNBC.
Production of Olive Oils Rich in Phenolic Compounds from Pastes Acidified with Food-Grade Organic Acids
Authors: Peralta Raúl , Vidal Alfonso M. , Espínola Francisco , Ocaña-Moral María Teresa , Moya Manuel
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the impact of acidification on olive pastes to improve the extraction of olive oil rich in bioactive phenolic compounds, a potential new functional food. Food-grade organic acids, specifically citric, ascorbic, and acetic acid were added prior to malaxation to modulate enzymatic activity during oil extraction. A randomized experimental design was carried out using acetic, ascorbic and citric acids, and three different doses of each of them. Three replicates of each acid and dose were randomly performed, plus the control trials carried out without using acids. The use of acids does not alter the extraction efficiency of the olive oil, nor does it modify the quality parameters regulated for extra virgin olive oils. They have the highest content of phenolic compounds, 37% more than control oils. In these oils, the secoiridoids group represents 79.4% of the total phenols, and of these, more than 50% is oleacein (237.58 ± 9.18 mg/kg). The high oleacein content increases the antioxidant capacity by up to 50% (433.63 ± 38.32 mg Trolox/kg) compared to control oils. An antioxidant capacity of 4.0 µmol Trolox/mg oleacein has been determined. 1% ascorbic acid improves the content of volatile compounds of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway and reduces the ethanol content compared to control oils.
Factors Modulating the Occurrence of the Selective-Value Effect in Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)
Authors: D'Onofrio Alessandra , Gastaldi Serena , Addessi Elsa
Published: December 2024

During foraging decisions, animals often perform irrational choices. The selective-value effect is the lack of preference for an option consisting of one high-preferred item plus one less-preferred item, compared to a single high-preferred item. A similar bias is the less-is-better effect, in which individuals prefer a single high-preferred item rather than an option including both a high-preferred item and a less-preferred one. Here, we investigated the occurrence of these decisional biases in twelve capuchins monkeys (Sapajus spp.) by exploring, for the first time in this species, both the role of the relative value of the high- vs. less-preferred food and the length of the intertrial interval. Overall, capuchins performed rational choices, as they preferred the mixed over the single option. However, at the individual level, some capuchins showed the selective-value effect. According with previous findings in apes, both the relative value of the high- vs. less-preferred food and the length of the intertrial interval modulated capuchins’ preference for the mixed option. This study sheds further light on the factors affecting violations of rationality in primate food choices, suggesting that these decisions might reflect cognitive adaptations for optimizing sensory feedback and/or nutrient intake rather than being just irrational.
Anion-Directed Assembly of a Bimetallic Pd/Ag Nanocluster: Synthesis, Characterization, and HER Activity
Authors: Ni Yu-Rong , T P Rugma , Pillay Michael Nivendran , Chiu Tzu-Hao , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu Chen-Wei
Published: December 2024

Palladium-doped silver nanoclusters (NCs) have been highlighted for their unique physico-chemical properties and potential applications in catalysis, optics, and electronics. Anion-directed synthesis offers a powerful route to control the morphology and properties of these NCs. Herein, we report a novel Pd-doped Ag NC, [Pd(H)Ag13(S){S2P(OiPr)2}10] (PdHAg13S), synthesized through the inclusion of sulfide and hydride anions. This NC features a unique linear S-Pd-H axis enclosed in a 4-5-4 stacked arrangement of silver atoms. The distinctive hydride environment was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, and the total structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and supported by computational studies. Mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed the assigned composition. This unique con-struct exhibits promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Our findings highlight the potential of anion-directed synthesis for creating novel bimetallic NCs with tailored structures and catalytic properties.
Do You Speak The Mighty Triad? (Poetry, Mathematics and Music) Innovative Teaching of Mathematics
Authors: A Mageed Dr Ismail
Published: December 2024

A mathematical technique to demonstrate that poetry, music, and arithmetic are indeed interconnected is undertaken in this paper. By using a mathematical approach, the proof will be logically sound and therefore believable. The current reserach explores how the three might be used in tandem in a classroom environment to help students learn after demonstrating their interconnectedness. Critical thinking and problem-solving abilities would develop as a result of the promotion of multidisciplinary ways and thinking. Examining our data from the three and have a look at their definitions. A poem is a work of writing in which the words are carefully arranged and selected for their beauty and tone. A collection of poems is called poetry. Music: The temporal arrangement of sounds using timbre, rhythm, harmony, and melody. Maths is a discipline that studies the logic of amount, shape, and order. The word "arrangement," which unites the three, makes it clear that they are related to one another. Thus, we have established their relationship. The transitive property, which states that if a ̴ b and b ̴ c, then a ̴ c, is the most effective method for demonstrating the relationship between three elements. Where " ̴ " stands for "related to." Since we are aware of the link and the approach we will take to prove it, let's start the process methodically, just like we would with a mathematical issue. This process is particularly useful when attempting to demonstrate the relationship between the three mathematically. The study of the logic of shapes, quantities, and arrangements is known as mathematics. Most potentially, some emerging open problems are provided. The paper ends with some concluding remarks combined with futuristic research pathways.
Styrax spp: Habitat, Phenology, Phytochemicals, Biological Activity and Applications
Authors: Paparella Antonello , Serio Annalisa , Shaltiel-Harpaz Liora , Bharadwaj Revuru , Kongala Prasada Rao , Ibdah Mwafaq
Published: December 2024

Styrax is the largest genus of the family Styracaceae, with about 130 species distributed across America, Europe, and Southeast Asia. The oleo-resin of these woody shrubs, called Styrax benzoin, has a long tradition of use as incense and in therapeutics, which is stimulating research and industrial applications. Many studies have been carried out on the biological activity of different Styrax species, but only a few reviews have been published, mainly focused on traditional uses in folk medicine. This review gathers updated and valuable information on the distribution and phenology of Styrax spp., considering their phytochemicals, biological activity, and current and possible applications in medicine, animal feeding, energy production, and the food industry. Overall, Styrax obassia and Styrax japonicus are the most studied, but Styrax officinalis has been thoroughly investigated for its phytochemicals. Recent literature highlights promising applications in oncology and as an energy crop. The data described in this review could be useful to upgrade the quantity and quality of Styrax benzoin, as well as to expand the knowledge on emerging applications, for example in the development of active packaging for the food industry.
Problematic TikTok Use and Its Association with Poor Sleep: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Greek Young Adults
Authors: Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Moisoglou Ioannis , Gallos Parisis , Katsiroumpa Zoe , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Tsiachri Maria , Galanis Petros
Published: December 2024

Background: TikTok use is constantly increasing, especially among young adults. Alt-hough there is a negative association between problematic TikTok use and users’ health, no study until recently has investigated the association between TikTok use and poor sleep. Thus, our aim was to evaluate TikTok use among young adults and its asso-ciation with poor sleep. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Greece. Our sample included 361 adults aged 18-35 years old. We employed a convenience sample through social media. We used the TikTok Addiction Scale (TTAS) to measure levels of TikTok use among our participants. Results: Mean time of TikTok use was 2.4 hours (SD; 1.6), while mean TTAS score was 2.3 (SD; 0.7). The 11.6% of the participants are problematic TikTok users. We found a negative correlation between the duration of night sleep and levels of TikTok addiction. Also, we found a positive correlation be-tween sleepiness in work/class and levels of TikTok addiction. Furthermore, younger ages were correlated to increased levels of TikTok addiction and time on TikTok. Levels of TikTok addiction were higher among females. Conclusions: We found that higher levels of TikTok addiction and TikTok use were correlated with reduced duration of night sleep, and increased sleepiness in work/class.
Digital Assessment of Banana Weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) Resistance as Compared with Expert Visual Assessment
Authors: Nakato Gloria Valentine , Mwanje Gerald , Tusubira Jeremy Francis , Nabende Joyce Nakatumba , Kanaabi Reagan Samuel , Serebe Charles , Shah Trushar , Swennen Rony , Brown Allan
Published: December 2024

Accurately assessing weevil damage is critical when evaluating banana germplasm to identify genotypes resistant to the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus), for use as elite parents in the banana breeding pipeline or evaluating breeding products. Visual observation remains the most common phenotyping approach but limited by individual bias. This study investigated the potential of image analyses as precise and objective alternatives for assessing weevil damage on the banana corm. Phenotyping trials were set up as partially replicated (P-rep) designs with 22 tissue culture-generated genotypes raised in pots and infested with banana weevils. At termination, the percentage score of weevil damage to the corms was evaluated by visual observation and image analysis using ImageJ and machine learning. In total, 370 high-quality images were assessed for weevil damage using ImageJ and machine learning. On average, damage scores from visual observation were 5.52% and 3.88% higher than ImageJ and machine learning respectively. There was a proportional trend with visual observation agreeing closely to image analyses for smaller scores and but less for larger scores. The results show that both ImageJ and machine learning exhibited a strong level of agreement and are interchangeable with consistent, reliable, and repeatable measurements. In conclusion, to avoid individual bias and subjectivity arising from visual observation, we recommend the use of either ImageJ or machine learning when scoring weevil damage in the banana corm.
Soaking in Carcinogens: Are we Keeping Ourselves Safe in Flood Response?
Authors: Glassey Steve
Published: December 2024

This article explores the potential increased cancer risk for flood rescue personnel exposed to contaminated floodwaters, focusing on challenges in warm climates like Australia. It highlights the dilemma of using protective equipment that can lead to hyperthermia and discusses the gap in presumptive legislation for flood rescue operators. The study emphasises the increasing frequency of flooding due to climate change and identifies research gaps, including the need for longitudinal studies and suitable protective equipment. Policy implications include expanding presumptive legislation, investing in protective equipment research, enhancing training programmes, improving monitoring systems, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration to address this overlooked occupational health concern in the face of changing environmental emergencies.
Modelling of Copper Melted Movement in the Process Equipment of the South-Wire – 2000 Line
Authors: Kazhikenova Saule , Makasheva Astra , Shaltakov Sagyndyk , Shaikhova Gulnazira , Kasymova Laila
Published: December 2024

Some fundamental questions of dynamics of incompressible fluid described by Navier-Stokes equa-tions are considered in the article. Special attention is paid to the problems of computational charac-ter. Stationary as well as unsteady flow of incompressible fluid is considered. The finite element method is used in the algorithm. It is based on a modification of the Navier-Stokes equations. Mixed boundary value problems for non-evolutionary equations are also considered, and various boundary and initial conditions for the numerical solution of hydrodynamic equations are presented. A physi-cal and mathematical model of the hydrodynamics of melts is compiled. A computer modelling method is developed to investigate the structural and physical properties of molten systems. A com-puter program for the numerical solution of the equations of hydrodynamics of metallic melts taking into account transport coefficients, in particular volume and shear viscosities, has been compiled. The program has been tested for the solution of the Poisson equation. An algorithm for building a physi-cal and mathematical model of nonlinear equations of incompressible molten systems has been de-veloped. An algorithm for constructing the distribution of flow velocities of molten systems and inte-gration of hydrodynamic equations on the basis of numerical experiments has been developed, which makes it possible to predict the technological parameters of casting metallic melts.
Out-of-Plane Equilibria in the Restricted Eight-Body Problem: Dynamics and Stability
Authors: Isakova Ainazik
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the out-of-plane equilibrium points in the circular restricted eight-body problem, focusing on the influence of a radiating central primary surrounded by six peripheral primaries in circular motion. Two symmetrical equilibrium points are identified along the z-axis, existing within the radiation factor range -6 < q < 0. At the critical radiation qc=-3/√2 , these points align exactly on the z-axis at a distance equal to the orbital radius of the peripheral primaries. Through linear stability analysis, it is demonstrated that these equilibrium points are inherently unstable across the entire range of radiation factors. The study also examines periodic orbits around the equilibrium points for specific values of qqq, providing valuable insights into the complex dynamical behavior of such systems. These findings enhance the understanding of celestial mechanics in multi-body systems affected by radiation and gravitational forces.
Classification of Drones Using Millimeter-Wave Radar: A Comparative Analysis of Algorithms under Noisy Conditions
Authors: Larrat Mauro , Sales Claudomiro
Published: December 2024

This work investigates the performance of different machine learning algorithms in the detection and identification of drones based on radar data from a 60 GHz millimeter-wave sensor. These signals are collected from a bionic bird and two drones, namely DJI Mavic and DJI Phantom 3 Pro, which were represented in complex form to hold amplitude and phase information. First benchmarks used four algorithms, namely LSTM, GRU, CNN, and Transformer, evaluated on noisy data. The main emphasis is on the assessment of algorithm robustness under noisy conditions, including artificial noise types like white noise, Pareto noise, impulsive noise, and multi-path interference. As expected, the Transformer outperformed other algorithms in accuracy, even on noisy data. However, certain noise contexts, especially Pareto noise, showed weaknesses in the effectiveness of the Transformer. For this purpose, we propose a Multimodal Transformer that incorporates more statistical features-skewness and kurtosis-in addition to amplitude and phase data. This resulted in a great improvement in the accuracy of detection, even under difficult noise conditions. Our results demonstrate the importance of noise in processing radar signals and the benefits afforded by a multimodal presentation of data in the problem of detecting UAVs and birds. The presented work sets up a benchmark for state-of-the-art machine learning methodologies for radar-based detection systems, providing valuable insight into methods of increasing the robustness of algorithms to environmental noise.
How Actin Polymerization and Myosin II-Mediated Tension Regulate Focal Adhesion Dynamics in Motile Cells
Authors: Kovaleva Anastasia V. , Solomatina Evgeniya , Tlegenova Madina , Saidova Aleena , Vorobjev Ivan A.
Published: December 2024

Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi-protein structures mediating interaction between cells and extracellular matrix. The formation and maturation of FAs depend on intracellular tension generated through the of actin filaments interacting with phosphorylated myosin II. Using live cell and confocal microscopy we evaluated the regulation of FA dynamics by actin polymerization and myosin II-mediated tension in motile cells. Our findings confirm that while partial inhibition of myosin II, through ROCK kinase or myosin II light chain kinase (MLCK) inhibitors, leads to the gradual shrinkage but increased stability of FAs, complete inhibition of myosin II phosphorylation results in disassembly of existing FAs followed by the formation of new small FAs at the cell edges. These FAs are rather stable, supported by cortical actin structures. Partial inhibition of actin polymerization with nanomolar doses of latrunculin B or cytochalasin D results in the similar effect, while complete inhibition leads to the rapid and irreversible disassembly of FAs and shrinkage of cell lamella. Overall, our results show that small FAs, which are normally short-living structures at the advancing cell edge, could be stabilized and persist, driven only by partial actin polymerization. These insights highlight the role of the interplay between actin and myosin in maintaining FA formation and dynamics.
Fractional Calculus of Piecewise Continuous Functions
Authors: Ortigueira Manuel Duarte
Published: December 2024

The fractional derivative computation of piecewise continuous functions is treated with generality. It is shown why some applications give incorrect results and why Caputo derivative give strange results. Some examples are described.
Integrated Serosurveillance of Infectious Diseases Using Multiplex Bead Assays: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ward Selina Rachael , Lawford Harriet , Sartorius Benn , Lau Colleen L
Published: December 2024

Integrated serological surveillance involves testing for antibodies to multiple pathogens (or species) simultaneously and can be achieved using multiplex bead assays (MBA). This systematic review aims to describe: pathogens studied using MBA; the operational implementation of MBA, and how data generated was synthesised. In November and December 2023, four databases were searched for studies utilising MBA for integrated surveillance of infectious diseases. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data regarding study settings and population, methodology, seroprevalence results, and operational implementation elements. Overall, 4,765 studies were identified; 47 were eligible for inclusion, of which 43% investigated multiple malaria species, and 17% for concurrent surveillance of malaria and other infectious diseases (including lymphatic filariasis and tetanus). Only seven studies were found where integrated serosurveillance was the primary objective. Synthesis of data varied and included investigation of age-specific seroprevalence (n=25), risk factor analysis (n=15), and spatial analysis of disease prevalence (n=8). This review demonstrated that the use of MBA for integrated surveillance of multiple pathogens is gaining traction; however, more research and capabilities in lower- and middle-income countries are needed to optimise and standardise sample collection, survey implementation, and analysis and interpretation of results.
Invariance analysis for determining the classical solutions, optimal system, and conserved vectors of generalized higher-dimensional Ablowitz-Kaup- Newell-Segur equation in theoretical physics
Authors: Adeyemo Oke Davies
Published: December 2024

In the world of evolution equations, higher dimensional nonlinear partial differential equation has attracted a vast attention for investigation due to the fact that, it models various interesting physical phenomena existent in, fluids dynamics (theoretical physics), other nonlinear sciences and engineering. In the wake of this, analytical examination of a nonlinear generalized Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur water wave equation arising from theoretical physics is the given consideration in this article. Leveraging on the robust Lie group theoretic approach, applied to differential equations, one investigates the understudy equation in a detailed form with a view to securing various results of interest. Thus, in executing these, one first computes a seven-dimensional Lie algebra L7 associated to the nonlinear generalized Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur water wave equation in a stepwise structure. Sequel to this, one parameter groups of transformation associated to L7, is studied. Additionally, commutation relations and adjoint representations of the Lie algebra are tabularly explicated. A detailed computation of a one dimensional optimal system associated to L7 is furnished. Thereafter, various obtained sub-algebras are invoked in effectuating reductions of the model under examination to ordinary differential equations, so that diverse pertinent exact solutions are attained. The success in this regard entrenched solutions like trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic and hyperbolic functions. Besides, algebraic solutions among which arbitrary functions exist and quadrature are found. Sound knowledge of these results are further engendered by numerically simulating them. Wave structures of diverse interests are achieved. Furthermore, conservation laws of the equation are calculated via conserved vectors theorem by Ibragimov using the related formal Lagrangian to the model.
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Shaikh Taha , Nguyen Darren , Dugal Jasmine K. , DiCaro Michael V. , Yee Brianna , Houshmand Nazanin , Lei KaChon , Namazi Ali
Published: December 2024

Although arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) has been a well-described entity, the condition still remains a growing topic in research. Clinically, ARVC is structurally distinguished by right ventricular dilation due to increased adiposity and fibrosis in the ventricular walls, and it manifests as cardiac arrhythmias ranging from nonsustained ventricular tachycardia to sudden cardiac death. Its prevalence has been estimated to range between 1 in every 1000-5000 people, with its large range being attributed to the variability in genetic penetrance from asymptomatic to significant burden. It is even suggested that the prevalence is underestimated, as the presence of genotypic mutations does not always lead to clinical manifestations that would facilitate diagnosis. Additionally, while set criteria have been in place since the 1990s, newer understanding of this condition and advancements in cardiac technology have prompted multiple revisions in the diagnostic criteria for ARVC. Known and newer discoveries of gene variants predisposing patients to ARVC have led to established screening techniques while providing insight into genetic counseling and management. This review will cover important information regarding the genetics and pathophysiology of ARVC. It will also focus on clinical presentation, ARVC diagnostic criteria, electrophysiological findings, including electrocardiogram characteristics, and imaging findings from cardiac MRI, 2D, and 3D echocardiogram. Current management options—including anti-arrhythmic medications, device indications, and ablation techniques—and the effectiveness of treatment will also be reviewed.
Multiphoton Tomography in Cosmetic Research
Authors: König Karsten , König Aisada
Published: December 2024

Background: Multiphoton tomography (MPT) is a femtosecond laser imaging technique that enables high-resolution virtual biopsies of human skin. It provides a non-invasive method for analyzing cellular metabolism, structural changes, and responses to cosmetic products, providing insights into cell-cosmetic interactions. This review explores the principles, historical development, and key applications of MPT in cosmetic research.
Methods: The latest MPT device combines five modalities: (i) two-photon fluorescence: visualizes cells, elastin, and cosmetic ingredients; (ii) second harmonic generation (SHG): maps the collagen network; (iii) fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM): differentiate eumelanin from pheomelanin and evaluates the impact of cosmetics on cellular metabolic activity (iv) reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM): images cell membranes and cosmetic particles, and (v) white LED imaging for dermoscopy.
Results: MPT enables in-depth examination of extracellular matrix changes, cellular metabolism, and melanin production. It identifies skin responses to cosmetic products and tracks the intratissue distribution of sunscreen nanoparticles, nano- and microplastics, and other cosmetic components. Quantitative measurements, such as the elastin-to-collagen ratio, provide insights into anti-aging effects.
Conclusions: MPT is a powerful in vivo imaging tool for the cosmetic industry. Its superior resolution and metabolic information facilitate the evaluation of product efficacy and support the development of personalized skincare solutions.
From Complexity to Simplicity: Advancements in Large Language Model Compression
Authors: Junaid Abdur Rashid , Callixtus Idowu
Published: December 2024

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) has brought transformative advancements to natural language processing (NLP), enabling unprecedented performance in tasks such as machine translation, text generation, and conversational AI. However, the immense computational demands, memory requirements, and energy consumption of these models pose significant challenges for real-world deployment, particularly on resource-constrained devices and systems. Knowledge distillation has emerged as a pivotal technique for addressing these challenges, providing a framework for transferring knowledge from large, complex teacher models to smaller, efficient student models.This survey presents a comprehensive review of knowledge distillation methods tailored to LLMs, highlighting key advancements, applications, and unresolved challenges. We explore traditional distillation strategies, including logit matching and feature alignment, alongside contemporary approaches such as task-specific adaptations, attention map transfer, and progressive layer-by-layer distillation. Additionally, the integration of knowledge distillation with complementary compression techniques, such as quantization, pruning, and low-rank factorization, is examined, demonstrating their synergistic potential in optimizing LLMs for practical use.Applications of knowledge distillation span diverse domains, including edge computing, real-time systems, and fine-tuning for specialized tasks. The technique has facilitated the democratization of LLMs, enabling accessibility for organizations with limited computational resources. Despite these successes, challenges such as the efficient distillation of emergent behaviors, generalization in low-resource domains, and scalability for ultra-large teacher models remain significant barriers. Furthermore, the environmental impact and ethical considerations associated with LLM compression and deployment underscore the need for responsible innovation.Future directions in knowledge distillation research include the development of dynamic and adaptive distillation frameworks, automated processes leveraging neural architecture search, and benchmarks tailored to evaluate distillation outcomes comprehensively. By addressing these challenges, knowledge distillation can further enhance the efficiency, scalability, and inclusivity of LLMs, shaping the next generation of NLP systems.