bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análisis cromosómico de ganado bovino puro y cruzado en el departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Faride Vargas Munar Diana Sandra , Mendoza Gil Jesús Antonio , Salazar Mercado Seir Antonio
Published: November 2021

El manejo reproductivo adecuado es fundamental para alcanzar índices óptimos en un sistema de producción de bovinos. Sin embargo, existen numerosas causas para la disminución de la fertilidad, como las de orden genético, que pueden afectar gravemente el sistema. Entre estas, las anormalidades cromosómicas causan baja fertilidad, debido principalmente a muerte temprana de embriones desbalanceados. Por tanto, es importante diagnosticar la presencia de estas anomalías en las unidades de producción ganaderas. Con el propósito de establecer la posible existencia de bovinos portadores de anormalidades cromosómicas en fincas de Norte de Santander, se tomaron muestras de sangre periférica a 31 bovinos puros y cruzados, pertenecientes a quince municipios del departamento. Se realizaron cultivos de linfocitos de sangre periférica, para obtener cromosomas; se analizaron 25 células de cada animal, en metafase, en un microscopio de luz convencional, para determinar el número cromosómico y la presencia de anormalidades cromosómicas. Enseguida, se estableció que, en su totalidad, los individuos analizados presentaron el número cromosómico nor- mal para la especie (2n=60) y en ninguno se visualizaron anomalías en el cariotipo. Asimismo, se evidenció la presencia de un cromosoma Y de tipo acrocéntrico en todos los machos analizados, cromosoma característico de las razas cebuinas. Este resultado confirma el tipo racial prevaleciente en Norte de Santander: cruces Bos taurus x Bos indicus.
Caracterización de semillas de tres especies de palmas y su relación con la depredación posdispersiva
Authors: Manjarres Hernández Elsa Helena
Published: November 2021

El éxito reproductivo de las plantas depende de la dispersión de sus semillas. Uno de los procesos que influye sobre esta dispersión es la depredación. En particular, la depredación posdispersión influye en la supervivencia y la distribución espacial de las plantas. En este trabajo se evaluó la relación de la depredación posdispersión de las semillas de tres palmas, Oenocarpus bataua, Euterpe precatoria y Socratea exorrhiza, con los patrones de denso-dependencia, el tamaño de las semillas y la germinación en un bosque del oriente colombiano. De cada especie de palma se seleccionaron tres individuos, en los que se recolectaron semillas de acuerdo con su patrón de agregación, cuarenta semillas agregadas y cuarenta semillas no agregadas. A las semillas se le determinó el peso, el diámetro, la germinación y la depredación. Se encontró que el tamaño de las semillas fue diferente en las tres especies de palmas, existe una correlación positiva entre el peso y el diámetro de las semillas, los porcentajes de depredación son de aproximadamente el 50 %, y una relación entre la germinación de las semillas y su depredación. Así, las dinámicas poblacionales de las palmas estudiadas se pueden asociar a características de sus semillas tales como tamaño, germinación, denso-dependencia y su capacidad de resistir a los depredadores.
Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Matrix Composites Reinforced with Fiberglass Fabric
Authors: Spasova Daniela , Argiro Yaroslav , Mechkarova Tatyana
Published: November 2021

The composites materials are increasingly displacing the traditional ones and are the most widely used of all groups of engineering materials. Polymer matrix composites have the greatest application and they are used for equipment operating in the sea-water environment and polymer pipes. In this article, the mechanical properties of six types of polymer matrix composites reinforced with fiberglass fabric are considered and analyzed. Two types of resin were used for the matrix – polyester resin and vinyl ester resin. The both types of matrices are reinforced with three different fiberglass fabric- monoaxial, biaxial and triaxial fiberglass. The investigated composites are obtained by mechanical pressing in the form of sixlayer panels. A comparative analysis of tensile strength and banding strength of the six types investigated composites was made. A macrofractographic analysis of the structure was also performed.
STEAM Education in the View of the Bulgarian Teacher
Authors: Topalska Radoslava
Published: November 2021

The reality we live in is constantly changing, modern technologies comprise all spheres of life, changing it irreversibly. These transformations require completely different knowledge, skills, and especially competencies with the modern human. To meet these needs adequately, the educational system is also changing - new approaches, methods, and technologies of teaching are being introduced. The purpose of the study, which found a place in this report, is to examine the teacher's position and opinion on the very popular STEAM training in the Republic of Bulgaria during the last two years.
Clear Cell Carcinoma Of The Ovary: An Experience From A Regional Cancer Centre In Odisha.
Authors: Nayak Dr. Bhagyalaxmi , Sukesh Dr. Neethu , Mohapatra Dr. Manoranjan , Mohapatra Dr. Janmejay , Kumar Padhy Dr.Ashok , Parija. Dr.Jita
Published: November 2021

Background: Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCCO) shows unique clinical features. There is a remarkable difference in incidence among different ethnic  populations. The reasons for these differences in incidence around the world are not known.
Aim and objectives: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with CCCO and to determine the impact of the stage of the disease and the extent of surgery on the prognosis of those patients.
Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of the cases of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary that were operated in the regional cancer centre, Cuttack, from January 2009 to December 2018, was performed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of the patients. 
Results: During this study period, the incidence of CCCO was found to be 1.92%. The most common age group was 40–50 years (mean age of 44.7 years). The most common modes of presentation were abdominal distention and pain in the abdomen. Most of the cases in this study belonged to stage III C (65%), making it the most common stage in this group. 20% of the patients within the study group were nulliparous and 35% were menopausal in status.40% of the tumours were >15 cm in size. Almost 28% were lymph node positive. None in stage I had positive lymph nodes. All the cases in stage III were positive for lymph nodes. So, in stage III, 38.5% were positive for lymph nodes. 17/20 had some form of chemotherapy, of which 45% had NACT. Survival curves differ significantly between the early and advanced stages of the disease. A trend of survival benefit is seen with complete cytoreduction.
Conclusion: There is a need for data regarding the incidence and specific clinicopathologic behaviour of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary in the Indian population. This is an attempt to compile the data from a single tertiary institute in eastern India over the past 10 years. This is a rare tumour and the chances of missing data are well accepted. The survival advantage of early-stage-diagnosed patients over late-stage patients is tremendous and hard to ignore. Combining the fact that clear cell carcinomas are associated with precancerous lesions like atypical endometriosis and atypical adenofibroma, there may be scope for screening. The mutational changes leading to malignancy in these precancerous lesions also need to be refined. As stated, complete cytoreduction is the key to survival advantage and the need for referral to a centre with proper expertise for the same needs to be emphasized.
Farklı Arazi Örtüsünün Arazi Degradasyonu Üzerine Etkileri: Çanakkale Çıplak Köyü Örneği
Authors: EVEREST Timuçin , SUNGUR Ali , PARLAK Mehmet , TEMEL Erdem , ÖZCAN Hasan
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışma, Çanakkale-Karamenderes ovasının fluviyal taşkın düzlüğü üzerinde oluşmuş ve benzer özelliklere sahip fakat farklı arazi örtüsünün bulunduğu üç farklı parselde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada arazi örtüsündeki değişimin toprakların fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri ve ağır metal içerikleri üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Amaç doğrultusunda 15 yıldır mısır tarımı yapılan arazi (P1), 7 yıldır mısır tarımı yapılan arazi (P2) ve münavebeli tarımın yapıldığı arazi (P3) olmak üzere üç farklı parsel seçilmiştir. Taksonomik incelemeler neticesinde (P1)’de önemli düzeyde sıkışma ve pulluk altı katmanının oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre (P1) profilinde hacim ağırlığında %12’lik artış yaşanırken, diğer parsellerde bu artışın %7,5 (P2) ve %8,6 (P3) olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçları ağır metallerin önemli derecede litolojiden etkilendiği fakat Cd ve kısmen Pb’nin antropojenik kaynaklardan etkilendiğine işaret etmiştir. Cd elementinin konsantrasyonları her üç parselde kritik değerlerin üzerinde bulunmuş ve toprakların Cd ile kontamine olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, Pb’nin birinci derece kaynağı litoloji olmakla beraber antropojenik kaynaklardan da (emisyonlar ve tarımsal üretimde kullanılan kimyasallar) etkilenmiş olabileceğini gösterilmiştir. Jeobirikim indeksine göre yapılan değerlendirmede bu sonuçları desteklemiştir. Sonuç olarak 15 yıl ard arda mısır tarımı yapılan parselde toprağın bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinde (özellikle sıkışma, Cd ve Pb içeriği) değişim olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Study of saving and investment pattern on sample farms households
Authors: Singh M. , Singh R. S. , Singh K. P.
Published: November 2021

The saving and investment pattern of different forms sample group was studied during 2014-16 and it was observed that large farm holders were able to save higher income than small farmers while lowest income group had negative savings. In respect of investment on different fixed assets, irrigation was on first priority, followed by purchase of milch animals, farms buildings and investment in land and its improvement. Investment on working capital amongst different cash inputs, hired human labourer accounted highest share (29.44 per cent), followed by manure & fertilizers (22.33 per cent), hired power tractor (16.96 per cent), irrigation (13.61 per cent) and seeds (13.50 per cent) to total cash inputs. Marginal farmers could not invest for nonfarm physical capital because of no savings with them. Small and large farmers groups invested in all the items in which it was highest in working capital (61.28 to 61.84 per cent), followed by investment in fixed capital (14.41 to 16.84 per cent), financial capital (12-14 per cent) and non-farm capital (7-12 per cent). The highest investment was made on working capital (69.02 per cent) by sample farmers. Current income was found to be the main source of finance in all income groups which accounted for 49.70 to 94.79 per cent share of the total investment followed by savings which shared for 40.10 to 49.12 per cent in total investment.
Creation of new tomato forms with fungal disease resistance genes based on marker selection
Authors: Shamshin I. N. , Grosheva E. V. , Maslova M. V. , Samoilova R. M.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. The presented studies are aimed at obtaining new forms of tomato with a complex of genes for resistance to fungal diseases in combination with a standard type of bush and dark coloring of fruits based on marker-mediated selection.Methodology. The biological objects of the study are varieties and hybrid forms of tomato from the collection of the Michurinsky SAU. Molecular genetic analysis was performed using the following methods. DNA extraction was carried out from young leaves using a kit for isolation of NC Sample NC manufactured by Agrodiagnostika LLC according to the manufacturer's protocol. Fermentas production kits were used for PCR. Identification of the cladosporosis resistance gene was Cf-19 performed using the DNA marker R7. The presence of a fusarious wilting resistance gene was determined by a I-2/5 marker. The amplification results were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis.Results. During the research, a collection of varieties and hybrid forms of tomato of the Michurinsky GAU was analyzed in order to identify genes for resistance to cladosporiosis Cf-19 and fusarium wilt I-2. A total of 52 genotypes were analyzed. It was found that most samples (41 samples) are characterized by a heterozygous state of the Cf-19 gene. All indeterminant and semi-determinant forms had both alleles. Of the 23 determinant forms presented in the collection, 10 had only one allele corresponding to recessive homozygote. Among all analyzed tomato genotypes, no dominant homozygous forms were noted. The study of the collection revealed several alleles of the I-2 gene. In total, four fragments corresponding to various alleles were amplified. A total of 50 resistant genotypes have been identified in the collection. Two alleys of the I-2 gene (633/693 bp) were identified in 42 tomato samples. Four varieties are homozygous in one allele (633 bp), which determines resistance. Three varieties have a second resistance allele (566 bp). One genotype has only an allele defining susceptibility (693 bp). On the basis of molecular analysis, as well as an assessment of the type of bush and fetal color, initial forms were selected with subsequent hybridization. 67 hybrid tomato plants were obtained. Evaluation of the presence of resistance genes showed that most of the resulting hybrids are resistant to cladosporiosis and fuzariosis. This is due to the presence of dominant alleles of Cf-19 and I-2 genes in a heterozygous state. Among the resulting hybrids, plants with a bark type of bush were identified. A total of 13 such plants were obtained.Conclusion. Thus, the work carried out allowed to obtain hybrid forms of tomato combine the signs of resistance to two pathogens of fungal diseases and the stem type of the bush. These forms are planned to be used in further selection work.
Creation of competitive varieties of melon and pumpkin with valuable economic trends
Authors: Kornilova M. S. , Kurunina D. P. , Varivoda G. V.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Trans-Volga region are considered favorable for melon growing and make it possible to obtain high-quality products. The purpose of the research was to create new competitive varieties and hybrids of melon and pumpkin.Materials and methods. The object of the research is new varieties of melon and butternut pumpkin created at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station. Melon cultivar Osen and pumpkin cv. Zhemchuzhina were used as standards. The methods of creation are intervarietal hybridization, individual and mass selection. During the growing season, appropriate observations and counts were carried out.Results. As a result of many years of breeding work at the Bykovskaya cucurbits selection experimental station, a melon cultivar 251 and a pumpkin cultivar 509 have been created. both producers and consumers. Therefore, the obtained varieties were evaluated for taste, yield, resistance to biological and abiofactors of the environment, dry matter content, fruit size, fruit and pulp color. During the comparative assessment of the accessions, it was determined that the new varieties of melon and pumpkin exceed the standards in terms of the main economically valuable traits. The average yield during the study, in the melon cultivar 251, exceeded the standard by 47.8%. In the pumpkin cultivar, the average yield for three years of research exceeded the standard by 69.6%. In terms of taste, the new melon variety was at the level of the standard, the cv. Osen. A variety of butternut pumpkin exceeded the standard in all quality indicators. The susceptibility to powdery mildew in the melon cultivar varied depending on the year of research. The melon sample showed resistance to anthracnose higher than the standard by 16.4 and 18.6%, over the years of study. In the pumpkin cultivar, resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose was higher than the standard, on average by 34.9% to powdery mildew and by 28.6% to anthracnose. Thus, new varieties of melon and pumpkin meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon industry, are resistant to environmental stress factors, common diseases, and have economically valuable traits.
Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo
Authors: Mastyaev I. S. , Agafonov A. F. , Krivenkov L. V.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding
Female flowering lines as the basis for new highly productive F1 zucchini hybrids
Authors: Kuzmin S. V.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. The modern marrow seed market shows the prospect of creating F1 hybrids that have the maximum return on a high-quality crop. For their successful selection, parental forms with a complex of economically valuable traits and a high combinational ability are required. The most important role is played by the female zucchini maternal lines of flowering type, which allow for hybrid seed production with free pollination and obtain high quality F1 hybrid seeds.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at of the Krymsk EBS VIR Branch (Russia, Krasnodar Region, Krymsk) in 2019-2021. Variety testing of lines and hybrids was carried out in the open field in the fields of selective crop rotation. The plot area was 5 m2, the experiment was repeated three times.Results. The general combinative ability of parental squash lines was studied, maternal forms with a positive GCA effect on early yield (F5 409-1, F5 409-2) and on total yield (F5 409-1) were identified. A preliminary variety testing of hybrid combinations was carried out in comparison with the standards F1 Belogor and F1 Pascal. The main economically valuable traits have been studied: early maturity, early and general yield, marketability, product attractiveness. F1 hybrids of zucchini were identified, obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female type of flowering F5 409-1, F5 409-2 in terms of yield (early above 17,7 t/ha and total above 46,7 t/ha), and marketability, more than 83,2%.Conclusions. The high productivity of F1 zucchini hybrids obtained on the basis of maternal forms of the female flowering type F5 409-1, F5 409-2 proves the promising nature of their use in breeding. As a result of two years of study, a hybrid F1 (409-1×305) was isolated, with a complex of economically valuable traits: early yield 19,6 t/ha, total yield 52,6 t/ha, marketability 84,3%, attractive appearance of fruits.
Study of Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary isolates in the planting of potatoes
Authors: Matsishina N. V. , Fisenko P. V. , Sobko O. A. , Kim I. V. , Volkov D. I. , Boginskaya N. G.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. One of the most common diseases of potatoes and other nightshade family species is late blight caused by a pathogenic oomycete of the Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. At least 100 species of phytophthora have been described in nature, affecting a wide range of plant species. The phytophthora population is heterogeneous and is represented by races, as well as different types of mating. This leads to a rapid adaptation of the pathogen and the emergence of new, more aggressive, and resistant races. Phytophthora is a parasite, the damage from which cannot be avoided within the organic farming framework. Therefore, it is particularly important to know the pathogenesis and racial composition of phytophthora in each individual region of Solanaceae cultivation.Research methodology. Differentiation and collection of material from the natural population were carried out using potato varieties with known R-genes in the genome. Isolation and introduction into the culture were carried out from leaves with the dampening chambers method, followed by cultivation on nutrient media. The pathogen was identified by microscopic analysis. Culture filtrates were obtained on the liquid nutritious medium, followed by liquid filtration and autoclaving. Phytotoxic activity was determined by the effect on the seedlings of the nightshade, grass, and pea families by the standard method. Molecular genetic analysis of the isolates was carried out by ISSR analysis; the primer, amplification mixture, and temperature profile of the reaction were selected according to the literature data; the calculation of genetic characteristics was carried out using POPGENE software packages.Results. Samples of seven Phytophthora infestans isolates were collected and introduced into culture. As a result of in vitro cultivation, morphological differences were revealed, expressed in the structure and color of the mycelium, the shape of the colonies, the nature of sporulation, the color of the reverse, and the medium under the colonies. The genetic differences of the natural phytophthora material introduced into the culture, collected from potato varieties with single resistance genes (R1, R3, R4), were revealed. Differences in the phytotoxic activity of the studied isolates' cultural filtrates were revealed. The isolated isolates demonstrate differentiation at the phenotypic, genetic and physiological levels, which allows us to speak about their belonging to races.
Formation of plants density and seed yield of soybean varieties in Altai Krai
Authors: Zharkova S. V. , Manylova O. V.
Published: November 2021

Relevance. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill is one of the most important protein- oilseed crops in world arable farming. An acute shortage of both food and feed protein is felt in many world’s countries. In this regard, the expansion of soybean seed production is relevant and is dictated by the need for import substitution of both food and feed soybean products.Materials and methods. In the research we studied the influence of two ecologically different cultivation zones: Priobskaya and Prialtaiskaya on the formation of plants density and seed yield of soybean. Three varieties Altom, Gratsia and Pripyat were taken as the objects of the research.Results. On average, over the years of research in full seedlings stage from 60 germinating seeds per square meter (600 thousand pieces/ha), in our experiment, about 56 plants were obtained per 1 m2 or 560 thousand plants per 1 hectare. This means that, on average, 93% of sown seeds give seedlings in field conditions. For harvesting after exposure of soybean crops to numerous biotic and abiotic factors, on average, there are about 52 plants per 1 m² or 520 thousand plants per 1 hectare, that is, 88% of the sown germinating seeds are saved for harvesting and give a yield. The maximum influence on the variability of plant density is exerted by vegetation conditions (years) – 37%. On average, over the years of the study, the maximum yield under Topchikha conditions was obtained in 2019 – 1.9 t/ha – in a year that was distinguished by not hot weather with sufficient rainfall during the growing season. Varieties Gratsia and Pripyat in Smolenskoye conditions significantly exceeded the standard in terms of yield in 2018 and 2020. On average, over the years of research, the Gratsia variety showed itself as more stable with Cv=11.3% in Topchikha conditions and Cv=9.8% in Smolenskoye conditions.
ЗОЛОТО В РУДАХ ЗОЛОТО-КОЛЧЕДАННОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЯ АБЫЗ (ЦЕНТРАЛЬНЫЙ КАЗАХСТАН)
Authors: Мазуров Алексей Карпович , Николаева Анастасия Николаевна , Рудмин Максим Андреевич , Якич Тамара Юрьевна , Рубан Алексей Сергеевич , Байболова Шынар Жуматаевна
Published: November 2021

Ссылка для цитирования:  Золото в рудах золото-колчеданного месторождения Абыз (Центральный Казахстан) /  А.К. Мазуров, А.Н. Николаева, М.А. Рудмин, Т.Ю. Якич, А.С. Рубан, Ш.Ж. Байболова // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 11. – С. 78-88

Актуальность исследования. В Чингиз-Тарбогатайской структурно-формационной зоне известно более 20 золото-колчеданных месторождений. Все месторождения объединяет одна проблема: при обогащении руд значительная часть золота переходит в «пиритный» концентрат и теряется вместе с «хвостами». В целях увеличения извлечения золота нами был детально изучен минеральный состав руд наиболее представительного золото-колчеданного месторождения Абыз. Установлено, что значительная часть золота на месторождении представлена минералом электрумом, который заполняет микротрещины в пирите и халькопирите.  При разработке технологической схемы извлечения золота, вероятно, данному факту не было уделено должного внимания, так как считалось, что золото в пирите представлено самородным золотом.  Цель: изучить текстурно-структурные особенности руд, а также установить минеральную форму нахождения золота в рудах месторождения Абыз и его связь с основными сульфидными минералами (пирит, халькопирит, галенит и сфалерит). Методы исследования включали изучение состава горных пород и руд с использованием минералогического, петрографического, минераграфического и геохимического анализов. Результаты. По структурно-текстурным свойствам на месторождении выделены вкрапленные и сплошные руды. Установлено, что основное количество золота, ассоциирующееся в основном с пиритом и редко халькопиритом, связано со сплошными рудами и представлено в минеральной форме. Золотая минерализация сопряжена с процессами березитизации; отложение минералов Au происходило в рудную стадию минералообразования и связано с золото-сульфидной и золото-теллуридной ассоциациями. Преобладающим минералом является электрум AgAu, в меньшей степени диагностируется самородное золото Au и единично обнаружен петцит Ag3AuTe2 с калаверитом AuTe2. Доминирующими минералами- концентраторами в рудах являются такие сульфиды, как пирит и халькопирит. Причину потери большей части золота в результате флотации можно объяснить тем фактором, что низкопробный золотосодержащий минерал электрум AgAu является господствующим.
Tensión creciente y Japón: Asia del Este en la década de 2010
Authors: Murakami Yusuke
Published: November 2021

Este artículo analiza la situación cada vez más tensa de Asia del Este en la década de 2010 y los desafíos del Japón frente a dicha situación. A más de treinta años de la caída del Muro de Berlín,el orden y el statu quo de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, han estado fuertemente desestabilizados tanto a escala global como en diversas partes del mundo. Asia del Este, dondese ubica Japón, es la región donde la mencionada dinámica mundial se ha presentado más agudamente, y en los últimos años, junto con el Medio Oriente, se ha convertido en un eventual «polvorín del mundo». Históricamente, Asia no ha alcanzado un nivel comparable al de Europa en lo concerniente a la institucionalización del orden regional entre los países componentes. El status quo precario de la posguerra ha sido convulsionado profundamente en este siglo. La incoherente posición diplomático-estratégica de Estados Unidos ha permitido el expansionismo de la China emergente, mientras Corea del Sur, cabeza de puente de la alianza diplomático-estratégica de la superpotencia en la región de la posguerra, se ha acercado más bien a China y Corea del Norte. Frente a la tensión continuamente creciente, Japón encara ahora más que nunca el desafío de romper la «inercia» de la posguerra para llegar a definir su rol político en la región y el mundo con miras a la construcción de un nuevo orden regional en mediano y largo plazo.
Biden y América Latina. Desafíos regionales para la política exterior estadounidense
Authors: Quispe Robles Javier Luciano
Published: November 2021

¿Cuáles son los desafíos que enfrenta la política exterior de Joe Biden en América Latina? El presidente nortemericano ha prometido abrir una nueva etapa en las relaciones con los países latinoamericanos luego de cuatro años de una política exterior unilateral e impredecible de Donald Trump. Sin embargo, existen procesos en marcha en América Latina que imponen condiciones importantes para la política exterior estadounidense: procesos de autocratización en varios países de la región, una política exterior autónoma y competitiva de parte de las potencias regionales latinoamericanas y la creciente presencia de China en la región. El artículo discute cómo estos procesos configuran la política regional latinoamericana y qué desafíos representan para la amplia agenda que tiene Biden para la región, que va desde asuntos ambientales, migración, corrupción, derechos humanos, entre otros. Para ilustrar el argumento, se analiza la relación de Estados Unidos con países particulares a la luz de acontecimientos recientes. Así, el artículo busca contribuir con la discusión sobre factores que inciden en la política exterior y en específico en la relación de Estados Unidos con América Latina.
Hidropolítica en las zonas áridas y semiáridas de los Andes de América del Sur
Authors: De Cossío Klüver Manuel
Published: November 2021

De acuerdo con el conocimiento convencional es probable que la competencia interestatal por acceder a las escasas fuentes de agua dulce planetarias se convierta en una de las principales preocupaciones de los gobiernos y la población mundial en las próximas décadas. De cumplirse esa predicción, se podrían incrementar las tensiones ya existentes entre los Estados cuando seañada una competencia más intensa por los recursos hídricos ubicados en sus fronteras.Estas tensiones se harían más agudas en zonas áridas o semiáridas, como los Andes y la costa del Pacífico Sur, en donde existe una escasez crónica de agua dulce al igual que estrés hídrico, donde el retroceso de los glaciares y las presiones que se ejercen sobre los limitados recursos hídricos existentes magnifican el panorama de escasez general y, por ende, la tensión hídrica. Este artículo es parte de un estudio sobre las tensiones hídricas emergentes del uso y gestión de recursos hídricos transfronterizos en zonas áridas y semiáridas, así como sobre su impacto en la seguridad de los Estados que comparten cursos de agua internacionales. En este texto se utilizará el caso del sistema hidrográfico del Silala, ubicado en la puna del desierto de Atacama, con la finalidad de analizar los factores políticos que podrían desencadenar conflictos hídricos, así como dificultar la adopción de acuerdos cooperativos.
La congelación de las líneas de base y de los límites marítimos de los Estados insulares en riesgo de perder la totalidad de sus respectivos territorios debido al aumento en el nivel del mar ocasionado por el cambio climático
Authors: Velásquez Barrionuevo Alejandro José
Published: November 2021

El presente artículo presenta la problemática actual del hundimiento de los espacios terrestres de determinados Estados insulares debido al aumento en el nivel del mar ocasionado por el cambio climático. Dicha problemática motivó la aprobación del tema «La elevación del nivel del mar en relación con el derecho internacional», en el programa de trabajo de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional de las Naciones Unidas, en particular respecto al ámbito de la condición de Estado. Se analizan las implicancias jurídicas del hundimiento total del espacio terrestre conforme al derecho internacional actual verificando que la final es la pérdida de la condición de Estado. A fin de dar solución a la problemática jurídica planteada, se propone la aplicación de una ficción jurídica por la cual se consideren congeladas las líneas de base de los Estados en riesgo, la cual ya fue presentada como una cuestión a estudiar en el ámbito antes mencionado por la Comisión de Derecho Internacional.
La intervención de terceros Estados ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia: identificando criterios jurisprudenciales para la aceptación o denegación de las solicitudes
Authors: Roca Calderón Josselyn
Published: November 2021

Existen tres supuestos posibles de intervención de terceros Estados en las controversias ante la Corte Internacional de Justicia. La intervención por interés de orden jurídico y la intervención por la interpretación de una convención se encuentran estipuladas en el Estatuto de la CIJ, pero la intervención por necesidad de consentimiento de una parte indispensable ha sido establecida en la jurisprudencia del referido tribunal. Dentro de este artículo se detallará cada supuesto, así como los lineamientos y/o criterios establecidos por la propia CIJ, los cuales han dotado de contenido a los conceptos establecidos en sus disposiciones, ya sea en el Estatuto o en su Reglamento. Para estos efectos, se analizará su jurisprudencia en casos con solicitudes de intervención a fin de identificar denominadores comunes en sus pronunciamientos.
Una crítica a la teoría de la acción comunicativa habermasiana desde las tesis postoperaistas
Authors: Gómez Villar Antonio
Published: November 2021

En este artículo revisamos la crítica postoperaista a la teoría de la acción comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas a la luz de los problemas políticos abiertos por el régimen de producción postfordista. Atenderemos a la lectura postoperaista y habermasiana de los Grundrisse de Marx, prestando especial atención al concepto de trabajo vivo; analizaremos en qué medida el potencial hermenéutico de la acción comunicativa queda anulado por el desplazamiento del problema del nivel ontológico al ético; y argumentaremos que la dualidad entre trabajo material y trabajo inmaterial presentada por el postoperaismo no reproduce el dualismo habermasiano entre acción comunicativa y acción instrumental.
La cosa que se traza a sí misma: límites y aporías del aparecer sensible desde la fenomenología temprana
Authors: Johnson Felipe
Published: November 2021

Este artículo se propone indagar la presencia de las cosas sensibles a la luz de los trabajos de la fenomenología temprana. Para ello se elaborará una reflexión desde las problemáticas que algunos pensadores del círculo de Gotinga esbozaron en el contexto de las tesis husserlianas referentes a la Abschattung. Así, distinguiremos entre las cosas y su trazo sensible, detectando las posibilidades de su mutua vinculación y desvinculación fenoménica. Por esta vía, se identificará una relación triple en la que la cosa empírica aparece, compuesta por las cualidades sensibles, las sensaciones del sujeto percipiente y su ubicación espacial, para examinar cuál de tales instancias explica el necesario vínculo entre trazo sensible y cosa como posibilidad de su aparecer efectivo en la realidad. Se concluirá que hay un ajuste a priori entre las cualidades y las propiedades cósicas que permitirá comprender la función presentativa del trazo sensible de las cosas.
Intersubjetividad, empatía y educación. Una aproximación fenomenológica
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz Rubén
Published: November 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir desde una perspectiva fenomenológica: a) las relaciones entre la intersubjetividad y el fenómeno de la educación; b) la empatía como base y fundamento de las relaciones intersubjetivas; y c) la importancia de la empatía para la educación. La tesis que se defenderá sostiene que todo proceso educativo de enseñanza-aprendizaje, sea en la escuela, sea en la familia o en la sociedad, necesita de la experiencia de los otros, cuestión posibilitada por la empatía. Esta experiencia está mediada por el cuerpo y se desarrolla en una dimensión intercultural, intersubjetiva e intercorpórea.
Hacia una reconstrucción liberalsocialista del contrato social: algunas consideraciones desde el enfoque de Norberto Bobbio
Authors: Valenzuela María
Published: November 2021

La noción de democracia se asocia tradicionalmente a la emergencia y consagración de principios tales como libertad e igualdad, en base a los cuales se otorga fundamento al Estado instituido por el contrato social. El artículo que sigue tiene por objetivo realizar una exploración de la noción de contrato social y la posibilidad de una re-elaboración del mismo en base a la reconciliación del ideario de igualdad y libertad como valores que subyacen a su formulación. Para ello, se realizará una revisión de las teorías del contractualismo clásico hasta rastrear sus huellas en el llamado contractualismo contemporáneo. Se analizarán a continuación, algunas posturas críticas en torno al contrato social y sus orígenes asentados en la tradición mercantilista y la teoría liberal del siglo XVII para, finalmente, intentar desarrollar la viabilidad de un pensamiento liberalsocialista hacia una nueva fundamentación del contrato social, a partir de los postulados del filósofo y jurista italiano Norberto Bobbio.
Mulheres transexuais e travestis negras: vulnerabilidade, preconceito e discriminação
Authors: Castro Siqueira Gabriel , Marrone Marcolino Alice , de Oliveira dos Santos Alessandro
Published: November 2021

Este texto discute experiências de preconceito e discriminação de mulheres transexuais e travestis negras e suas estratégias de enfrentamento. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo, com cinco participantes na faixa etária de 25 até 47 anos. Os resultados mostraram que a maior vulnerabilidade à violência de mulheres transexuais e travestis negras resulta de experiências de preconceito e discriminação racial e sexual, fazendo com que elas se sintam prejudicadas ao realizar sua transição de gênero e impedidas de viver plenamente as identidades que assumiram para si. O pertencimento religioso e a participação em coletivos auto-organizados são suas principais estratégias de enfrentamento para fortalecer a autoestima, elaborar as experiências de preconceito e discriminação e explorar suas possibilidades de feminilidade livremente. A criação ou aprimoramento de políticas que possam apoiar integralmente à saúde das mulheres transexuais e travestis, é fundamental para promover o bem viver dessa população e reduzir sua vulnerabilidade à violência.
El comercio internacional de armamento y las ventajas comparativas
Authors: Alonso Victoria
Published: November 2021

In this paper we try to explain how well trading models in general can be used for international arms trading. We will study the evolution of the main models throughout history in order to see in what ways they may be adequate to explain the security and defence material trading, mainly we will focus in the Heckscher-Ohlin model. In order to understand military equipment trading, we are going to analyze the industry’s composition, studying the cases of the main exporters and importers, and what motivates them to go one step further from the mere production of Goods, towards international trading, while taking into consideration the main ways of exporting a product and the regulations it may face.
Quantitative Analysis of Histidine Amino Acid as a Predictor of Ergothioneine in the Drying and Frying Process of White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Authors: Dayanti Dilla , Permatasari Windi , Khaerunnisa Icha , Winarni Sri
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackgrounds: White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is widely cultivated by Indonesian people due to its delicious and nutritious taste. Pleurotus ostreatus contains 18 amino acids that make up the body and antioxidants, including phenolic compounds and ergothioneine. Ergothioneine as a strong antioxidant is an amino acid derived from histidine which has sulfur groups such as cysteine and methionine. The increase in histidine indicates the activity of ergothioneine.Objectives: This study aims to determine the amino acid content of histidine as a predictor of ergothioneine amino acid in the drying and frying process of white oyster mushrooms.Methods: The extraction method used in this study was maceration with 90% ethanol for drying samples and 70% ethanol for frying samples analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Results: The results showed that the histidine content increased with the longer drying time, and decreased with the longer frying time. Drying with a variation of 2 days, 3 days, and 5 days were 674788,802 mg/L; 615302.747 mg/L; and 1946113,494 g / L respectively. Frying with a variation of 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes were 500435,148 mg / L; 232428,391 mg/L; and 0.000 mg / L. On the other hand, the methionine content decreased with the longer drying time, and increased with the longer frying time. Drying with a variation of 2 days, 3 days, and 5 days in a row were 6673,283mg/L; 6671,920 mg/L; and 1876,358 mg / L. Frying with a variation of 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 5 minutes were 2296,698 mg / L; 1243,911 mg/L; and 34764.534 mg/L.Conclusions: the study concludes that the content of histidine as the highest ergothioneine predictor is at drying for 5 days and frying for 2 days.
Sugar Intake and Cancer: A Literature Review
Authors: Dewi Nikmah Utami , Diana Rian
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTBackground: Cancer is the second leading cause of death after heart disease globally (total death 9.6 million). Cancer prevalence is increasing in Indonesia from 1.4 per 1000 people in 2013 to 1.79 per 1000 people in 2018. Diet is linked with cancer prognosis, particularly carbohydrate intake which stimulates insulin signals that can be potent mitogens.Purpose: This literature review aims to examine sugar intake and cancer incidence.Method: This literature review (traditional review) using the keywords “cancer”,” sugar”, “carbohydrate”, “insulin” and “hyperinsulinemia” in the Sciencedirect database and Google search engine. The inclusion criteria were peer-review articles or documents from credible national and international institutions, the literature uses English or Bahasa (Indonesian Language). The exclusion criteria were that the literature had similar content or redundant with other literature.Result: Sugar increases insulin resistance which enhances the levels of bioactive IGF-I that contribute to raising the risk of cancer. Prolonged hyperinsulinemia reduces the production of growth-promoting factors such as IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 which normally bind to and inhibit the action of IGF-I with resultant increases in the levels of free, bio-active IGF-I, and concomitant changes in the cellular environment that favor cancer development, proliferation, and metastatic cancer cells.Conclusion: The mechanism of insulin and IGF-1 stimulate and accelerate cancer cell proliferation may explain the relationship between sugar intake and cancer incidence. Adopting a balanced diet, changing or decreasing sugar intake with healthier food coupled with increased physical activity  reduces the risk of cancer.
Relations of Knowledge with Perceptions of Eligible Men About Vasectomy in Angsau Primary Health Care, Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan
Authors: Sindunata Natasha Bharat Sindunata , Laili Wahyuni  , Androniko Setiawan
Published: November 2021

Background: Indonesia’s Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in 2015 was still high around 305 over 100.000 population. South Kalimantan MMR’s in 2018 increase to 108 over 100.000 population. If not handled properly the increasing of MMR, it will not achieve the SDG's by 2030. The high MMR is caused by the large number of pregnancies and deliveries in Indonesia. One of the ways to prevent it, is by reducing the number of pregnancies and one of the most effective way is through the Family Planning (FP) program. Vasectomy is a method of operative contraception in men. Public perception of vasectomy is a complicated operation, so vasectomy is not an option.
Aim: Knowing the relations between knowledge and perceptions of eligible men on vasectomy
Method: This research is an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. The number of subjects used as many as 80 respondents who meet the feasibility of being included in this study. The chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05 was used for statistical analysis. Knowledge is considered good if it has a total score of more than 76 percent, and it is considered poor if it is less than equal to 76 percent. Positive perception if the respondent's mean score is less than the T score, and to be negative perception if the respondent's mean score is more than the T score.
Results: A total of 108 respondents were included in this study. There are 89 respondents or 82% who have good knowledge and 19 respondents or 18% who have bad knowledge about vasectomy. Negative perceptions were owned by 81 respondents or 75% while positive perceptions were only found in 27 respondents or 25%. Chi-square analysis showed that there was a significant relation between poor knowledge and negative perceptions with p<0.05.
Conclusion: Poor knowledge of vasectomy is associated with negative perceptions. This study shows lack of public knowledge about vasectomy, causing a negative stigma about vasectomy.
Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment on Informal Workers in Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra
Authors: Rahmadini Adisyah Fitrah , Andarini Desheila , Camelia Anita , Ermi Nurmalia , Lestari Mona
Published: November 2021

Introduction: One of the blacksmith industry centers in South Sumatra is in Limbang Jaya I, Ogan Ilir. Informal businesses such as blacksmiths are businesses that do not have operational standards in their work processes. Various risks from the work process can, therefore, arise, from injury to hearing loss. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out risk analysis in the work of blacksmith sector using Preliminary Hazard Analysis. Methods: This study used a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, hazard checklists, and PHA worksheets. There were 12 informants in this study consisting of 4 key informants and 8 blacksmith worker informants. Results: The results showed that the hazards identified based on the work process were physical hazards, chemical hazards, ergonomic hazards, and psychosocial hazards. The efforts could be made by performing audiometric checks on workers, working time arrangements, stretching before and after work, and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Conclusion: Based on the results of risk ranking, it is known that out of 34 lists of hazards that existed in the blacksmith's work process in Limbang Jaya 1 Village, there were 8 types of hazards included in the high risk group, 12 hazards included in the serious risk group, 12 hazards included in the medium risk group, and 2 hazards included in the low risk group.Keywords: blacksmith, preliminary hazard analysis, risk management