bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Local Antiglycan Antibody Responses to Skin Stage and Migratory Schistosomula of Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Smit Cornelis H. , Kies Christiaan L. , McWilliam Hamish E. G. , Meeusen Els N. T. , Hokke Cornelis H. , van Diepen Angela
Published: October 2015

Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease affecting over 230 million people worldwide. Although effective drug treatment is available, reinfections are common, and development of immunity is slow. Most antibodies raised during schistosome infection are directed against glycans, some of which are thought to be protective. Developing schistosomula are considered most vulnerable to immune attack, and better understanding of local antibody responses raised against glycans expressed by this life stage might reveal possible glycan vaccine candidates for future vaccine research. We used antibody-secreting cell (ASC) probes to characterize local antiglycan antibody responses against migratingSchistosoma japonicumschistosomula in different tissues of rats. Analysis by shotgunSchistosomaglycan microarray resulted in the identification of antiglycan antibody response patterns that reflected the migratory pathway of schistosomula. Antibodies raised by skin lymph node (LN) ASC probes mainly targeted N-glycans with terminal mannose residues, Galβ1-4GlcNAc (LacNAc) and Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LeX). Also, responses to antigenic and schistosome-specific glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans containing highly fucosylated GalNAcβ1-4(GlcNAcβ1)nstretches that are believed to be present at the parasite's surface constitutively upon transformation were found. Antibody targets recognized by lung LN ASC probes were mainly N-glycans presenting GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (LDN) and GlcNAc motifs. Surprisingly, antibodies against highly antigenic multifucosylated motifs of GSL glycans were not observed in lung LN ASC probes, indicating that these antigens are not expressed in lung stage schistosomula or are not appropriately exposed to induce immune responses locally. The local antiglycan responses observed in this study highlight the stage- and tissue-specific expression of antigenic parasite glycans and provide insights into glycan targets possibly involved in resistance toS. japonicuminfection.
Edwardsiella tarda EscE (Orf13 Protein) Is a Type III Secretion System-Secreted Protein That Is Required for the Injection of Effectors, Secretion of Translocators, and Pathogenesis in Fish
Authors: Lu Jin Fang , Wang Wei Na , Wang Gai Ling , Zhang He , Zhou Ying , Gao Zhi Peng , Nie Pin , Xie Hai Xia
Published: October 2015

The type III secretion system (T3SS) of
Edwardsiella tarda
is crucial for its intracellular survival and pathogenesis in fish. The
orf13
gene (
escE
) of
E. tarda
is located 84 nucleotides (nt) upstream of
esrC
in the T3SS gene cluster. We found that EscE is secreted and translocated in a T3SS-dependent manner and that amino acids 2 to 15 in the N terminus were required for a completely functional T3SS in
E. tarda
. Deletion of
escE
abolished the secretion of T3SS translocators, as well as the secretion and translocation of T3SS effectors, but did not influence their intracellular protein levels in
E. tarda
. Complementation of the
escE
mutant with a secretion-incompetent EscE derivative restored the secretion of translocators and effectors. Interestingly, the effectors that were secreted and translocated were positively correlated with the EscE protein level in
E. tarda
. The
escE
mutant was attenuated in the blue gourami fish infection model, as its 50% lethal dose (LD
50
) increased to 4 times that of the wild type. The survival rate of the
escE
mutant-strain-infected fish was 69%, which was much higher than that of the fish infected with the wild-type bacteria (6%). Overall, EscE represents a secreted T3SS regulator that controls effector injection and translocator secretion, thus contributing to
E. tarda
pathogenesis in fish. The homology of EscE within the T3SSs of other bacterial species suggests that the mechanism of secretion and translocation control used by
E. tarda
may be commonly used by other bacterial pathogens.
Fever in the returning traveller: the importance of sensitivity
Authors: Philip K E J , Baddeley R , Jenkins M , Bovill B
Published: October 2015

We report the case of a 28-year-old man, presenting with episodes of fever and rigours, having recently returned from Cameroon and Uganda. Initial investigations for malaria were negative, and the patient was sent home without a clear diagnosis. Subsequent review of the blood film revealed the presence ofPlasmodium ovale. This case highlights the importance of repeated and careful inspection of blood films, given the relatively low sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests inP. ovaleinfection. It also illustrates the importance of the travel history in the diagnosis of malaria.
Naughty knot: a case of nasogastric tube knotting
Authors: Ravind Rahul , Prameela Chelakkot G , Gurram Bharath Chandra , Dinesh Makuny
Published: October 2015

Nasogastric intubation is a common procedure for enteral nutritional support in medical practice. Random spontaneous true knot formation in the tube is rarely encountered and is a cause of unanticipated trauma. This is a case of a true knot formation diagnosed with fluoroscopy and managed without untoward trauma.
Are mothers always right? When acute meningitis is something more
Authors: Gomes Catarina , Romão Patrícia , Miguens Jose , Mouzinho Ana
Published: October 2015

A 22-month-old girl with a history of a congenital occipital cutaneous cyst was brought to the paediatric emergency department for lethargy and occipital headache. She had been discharged 5 days before for acute meningitis without bacterial isolates. At physical observation, she presented with irritability and neck hyperextension, with negative meningeal signs. CT scan revealed a vermian cyst and hydrocephalus. She was submitted to neurosurgery with removal of an infected midline dermoid cyst with a fistulous track to the skin. Surgery was successful and without complications. During follow-up, the child was asymptomatic with normal psychomotor development.
Association of acquired thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura in a patient with pernicious anaemia
Authors: Podder Sidhertha , Cervates Jose , Dey Bimalangshu R
Published: October 2015

Pernicious anaemia is an autoimmune disease caused by intrinsic factor antibody; it leads to vitamin B12deficiency and is marked by ineffective erythropoiesis. Haematological features reveal macrocytosis, hyperchromasia and hypersegmented neutrophils. Schistocytes are typically seen in microangiopathy, such as in thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura (TTP)/haemolytic uraemic syndrome or disseminated intravascular haemolysis (DIC). We report a case of a patient with severe anaemia who presented to the emergency room. Peripheral smear revealed macrocytosis, hypersegmented neutrophils and marked schistocytosis. The patient also had high reticulocyte count with high serum lactate dehydrogenase, elevated D-dimer, low fibrinogen and low haptoglobin. Vitamin B12level came back low and the presence of intrinsic factor antibody confirmed pernicious anaemia. ADAMTS13 level was noted to be mildly reduced, which raised the suspicion of the association of acquired TTP with pernicious anaemia. Acquired TTP is another autoimmune disorder and its association with pernicious anaemia needs further evaluation.
Area-Efficient PUF-Based Key Generation on System-on-Chips with FPGAs
Authors: Gehrer Stefan , Sigl Georg
Published: October 2015

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are an innovative way to generate device unique keys using uncontrollable production tolerances. In this work, we present a method to use PUFs on modern FPGA-based system-on-chips (SoCs). The processor system part of the SoC is used to configure the FPGA part. We propose a reconfigurable PUF design that can be changed by using the partial reconfiguration (PR) feature of modern FPGAs. Multiple ring oscillator PUF (RO PUF) designs are loaded on the same logic blocks of the FPGA in order to make use of different resources, i.e., sources of entropy, on the FPGA. Their frequencies are read out individually and the differences between neighbored oscillators are used to generate a bit response. The responses of each design can be concatenated to a larger response vector that can be used to generate a cryptographic key. We present an implementation that is able to decrease the needed resources by 87.5% on a Xilinx Zynq.
New estimates for the Hardy constants of multipolar Schrödinger operators
Authors: Cazacu Cristian
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we study the optimization problem [Formula: see text] in a suitable functional space [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the multi-singular potential given by [Formula: see text] and all the singular poles [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], arise either in the interior or at the boundary of a smooth open domain [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], respectively.

For a bounded domain [Formula: see text] containing all the singularities in the interior, we prove that [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] (it is known from [C. Cazacu and E. Zuazua, Improved multipolar hardy inequalities, in Studies in Phase Space Analysis with Application to PDEs, Progress in Nonlinear Differential Equations and Their Applications, Vol. 84 (Birkhäuser, New York, 2013), pp. 37–52] that [Formula: see text].

In the situation when all the poles are located on the boundary, we show that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is either a ball, the exterior of a ball or a half-space. Our results do not depend on the distances between the poles. In addition, in the case of boundary singularities we obtain that [Formula: see text] is attained in [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is a ball and [Formula: see text]. Besides, [Formula: see text] is attained in [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] is the exterior of a ball with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] whereas in the case of a half-space [Formula: see text] is attained in [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text].

We also analyze the critical constants in the so-called weak Hardy inequality which characterizes the range of [Formula: see text] ensuring the existence of a lower bound for the spectrum of the Schrödinger operator [Formula: see text]. In the context of both interior and boundary singularities, we show that the critical constants in the weak Hardy inequality are [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively.
BONE BIOMECHANICAL MODELING BASED ON CELLULAR STRUCTURE: METHODS AND EVALUATION
Authors: WANG MONAN , WANG SHUFENG , AN XIANJUN
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study is to establish a biomechanical model of bone on the basis of cellular structure and then to evaluate its accuracy for the clinical application. The thighbone of swine was scanned by computed tomography (CT). The resulting sectional images were input into MIMICS10.01 to generate a three-dimensional geometric model. A biomechanical model of bone was built on the basis of cellular structure, and calculations of the model were implemented in MATLAB with the finite element method. With this cellular mechanics model, axial compression load was simulated, and load–axial and load–transverse strain at the measurement points were detected. To evaluate the model, a mechanics model derived from an empirical formula was simulated under the same conditions, and an actual biomechanical experiment was also conducted. The simulated results obtained from the two models were then compared with the test results, indicating that the simulated results for the cellular model were closer to the test results than those for the empirical mechanics model. Therefore, the proposed cellular mechanics model shows advantages in accuracy and scope of application for bone modeling.
ON THE CONTROL OF TUMOR GROWTH VIA TYPE-1 AND INTERVAL TYPE-2 FUZZY LOGIC
Authors: GHOLAMI SHAHRZAD , ALASTY ARIA , SALARIEH HASSAN , HOSSEINIAN-SARAJEHLOU MEHDI
Published: October 2015

This paper deals with growth control of cancer cells population using type-1 and interval type-2 fuzzy logic. A type-1 fuzzy controller is designed in order to reduce the population of cancer cells, adjust the drug dosage in a manner that allows normal cells re-grow in treatment period and maintain the maximum drug delivery rate and plasma concentration of drug in an appropriate range. Two different approaches are studied. One deals with reducing the number of cancer cells without any concern about the rate of decreasing, and the other takes the rate of malignant cells damage into consideration. Due to the fact that uncertainty is an inherent part of real systems and affects controller efficacy, employing new methods of design such as interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems for handling uncertainties may be efficacious. Influence of noise on the system is investigated and the effect of altering free parameters of design is studied. Using an interval type-2 controller can diminish the effects of incomplete and uncertain information about the system, environmental noises, instrumentation errors, etc. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods on tumor growth control.
APPLICATION OF DRUG DELIVERY IN MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS PERISTALTIC BLOOD FLOW OF NANOFLUID IN A NON-UNIFORM CHANNEL
Authors: ABBAS M. ALI , BAI Y. Q. , RASHIDI M. M. , BHATTI M. M.
Published: October 2015

In this paper, we have studied the application of drug delivery in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) peristaltic blood flow of nanofluid in a non-uniform channel. The governing equation of motion and nanoparticles are modeled under the consideration of creeping flow and long wavelength. The resulting non-linear coupled differential equation is solved with the help of perturbation. Numerical Integration has been used to obtain the results for pressure rise and friction forces. The impact of various pertinent parameters on temperature profile, concentration profile such as density Grashof number, thermal Grashof number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter and MHD is demonstrated mathematically and graphically. The present analysis is also applicable for three-dimensional profile.
A Class of Bistochastic Positive Optimal Maps in Md(ℂ)
Authors: Rutkowski Adam , Sarbicki Gniewomir , Chruściński Dariusz
Published: October 2015

We provide a straightforward generalization of a positive map in [Formula: see text] considered recently by Miller and Olkiewicz [5]. It is proved that these maps are optimal and indecomposable. As a byproduct we provide a class of PPT entangled states in [Formula: see text].
On Functionally Commutative Quantum Systems
Authors: Kamizawa Takeo
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a method to solve functionally commutative time-dependent linear homogeneous differential equation is discussed. We apply this technique to solve some dynamical quantum problems.
Image denoising via Bayesian estimation of local variance with Maxwell density prior
Authors: Kittisuwan Pichid
Published: October 2015

The need for efficient image denoising methods has grown with the massive production of digital images and movies of all kinds. The distortion of images by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is common during its processing and transmission. This paper is concerned with dual-tree complex wavelet-based image denoising using Bayesian techniques. Indeed, one of the cruxes of the Bayesian image denoising algorithms is to estimate the local variance of the image. Here, we employ maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation to calculate local observed variance with Maxwell density prior for local observed variance and Gaussian distribution for noisy wavelet coefficients. Evidently, our selection of prior distribution is motivated by analytical and computational tractability. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields good denoising results.
Up-conversion and near infrared luminescence in Y2O3: Er3+, Yb3+ transparent ceramics
Authors: Li Liang , Zhang Xi-Yan , Bai Zhao-Hui , Dong Wei-Li , Shi Hui , Xue Qing-Xue
Published: October 2015

Er[Formula: see text]/Yb[Formula: see text] co-doped Y2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering method. The Y2O3: Er[Formula: see text]:Yb[Formula: see text] nonopowders were prepared by co-precipitation method in advance. The morphology of powders and ceramics as investigated. The powders exhibited well dispersive condition with 100[Formula: see text]nm in diameter. The compactness of ceramics increased obviously with the increasing temperature. No pore was found in the ceramic sintered at [Formula: see text]C. The ceramic samples showed intense near infrared luminescence peaking at 1535[Formula: see text]nm under the excitation of 980[Formula: see text]nm lasers, assigned to the [Formula: see text] transition of Er[Formula: see text]. The intense up-conversion emissions were observed under the excitation of 980[Formula: see text]nm and 1550[Formula: see text]nm lasers.
On reachability in graphs with obstacles
Authors: Agarwal Udit , Kapoor Kalpesh
Published: October 2015

Given a graph, [Formula: see text], a configuration of [Formula: see text] represents that there is a robot at a vertex and obstacles at some other vertices. The remaining vertices of [Formula: see text] not having the robot or an obstacle are said to be empty. The robot or an obstacle can be moved from its place to an adjacent vertex if it is empty. We give two definitions of reachability and show that they are equivalent in case of undirected graphs. We give an [Formula: see text] time algorithm for computing the minimum value of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-reachability in undirected graphs. However, we show that the two notions of reachability are different in case of directed graphs. We present a linear time algorithm for computing the minimum value of [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]-reachability in directed trees.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Iron — A Review
Authors: Chui C. P. , Liu Wenqing , Xu Yongbing , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2015

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a technique of atomistic simulation which has facilitated scientific discovery of interactions among particles since its advent in the late 1950s. Its merit lies in incorporating statistical mechanics to allow for examination of varying atomic configurations at finite temperatures. Its contributions to materials science from modeling pure metal properties to designing nanowires is also remarkable. This review paper focuses on the progress of MD in understanding the behavior of iron — in pure metal form, in alloys, and in composite nanomaterials. It also discusses the interatomic potentials and the integration algorithms used for simulating iron in the literature. Furthermore, it reveals the current progress of MD in simulating iron by exhibiting some results in the literature. Finally, the review paper briefly mentions the development of the hardware and software tools for such large-scale computations.
User Identification Across Social Media
Authors: Zafarani Reza , Tang Lei , Liu Huan
Published: October 2015

People use various social media sites for different purposes. The information on each site is often partial. When sources of complementary information are integrated, a better profile of a user can be built. This profile can help improve online services such as advertising across sites. To integrate these sources of information, it is necessary to identify individuals across social media sites. This paper aims to address the cross-media user identification problem. We provide evidence on the existence of a mapping among identities of individuals across social media sites, study the feasibility of finding this mapping, and illustrate and develop means for finding this mapping. Our studies show that effective approaches that exploit information redundancies due to users’ unique behavioral patterns can be utilized to find such a mapping. This study paves the way for analysis and mining across social networking sites, and facilitates the creation of novel online services across sites. In particular, recommending friends and advertising across networks, analyzing information diffusion across sites, and studying specific user behavior such as user migration across sites in social media are one of the many areas that can benefit from the results of this study.
Context-Aware Recommendation Using Role-Based Trust Network
Authors: Hong Liang , Zou Lei , Zeng Cheng , Zhang Luming , Wang Jian , Tian Jilei
Published: October 2015

Recommender systems have been studied comprehensively in both academic and industrial fields over the past decade. As user interests can be affected by context at any time and any place in mobile scenarios, rich context information becomes more and more important for personalized context-aware recommendations. Although existing context-aware recommender systems can make context-aware recommendations to some extent, they suffer several inherent weaknesses: (1) Users’ context-aware interests are not modeled realistically, which reduces the recommendation quality; (2) Current context-aware recommender systems ignore trust relations among users. Trust relations are actually context-aware and associated with certain aspects (i.e., categories of items) in mobile scenarios. In this article, we define a term
role
to model common context-aware interests among a group of users. We propose an efficient role mining algorithm to mine roles from a “user-context-behavior” matrix, and a role-based trust model to calculate context-aware trust value between two users. During online recommendation, given a user
u
in a context
c
, an efficient weighted set similarity query (WSSQ) algorithm is designed to build
u
’s
role-based trust network
in context
c
. Finally, we make recommendations to
u
based on
u
’s role-based trust network by considering both context-aware roles and trust relations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our recommendation approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in both effectiveness and efficiency.
On Learning Prediction Models for Tourists Paths
Authors: Muntean Cristina Ioana , Nardini Franco Maria , Silvestri Fabrizio , Baraglia Ranieri
Published: October 2015

In this article, we tackle the problem of predicting the “next” geographical position of a tourist, given her history (i.e., the prediction is done accordingly to the tourist’s current trail) by means of supervised learning techniques, namely Gradient Boosted Regression Trees and Ranking SVM. The learning is done on the basis of an object space represented by a 68-dimension feature vector specifically designed for tourism-related data. Furthermore, we propose a thorough comparison of several methods that are considered state-of-the-art in recommender and trail prediction systems for tourism, as well as a popularity baseline. Experiments show that the methods we propose consistently outperform the baselines and provide strong evidence of the performance and robustness of our solutions.
A Bayesian Perspective on Locality Sensitive Hashing with Extensions for Kernel Methods
Authors: Chakrabarti Aniket , Satuluri Venu , Srivathsan Atreya , Parthasarathy Srinivasan
Published: October 2015

Given a collection of objects and an associated similarity measure, the all-pairs similarity search problem asks us to find all pairs of objects with similarity greater than a certain user-specified threshold. In order to reduce the number of candidates to search, locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) based indexing methods are very effective. However, most such methods only use LSH for the first phase of similarity search—that is, efficient indexing for candidate generation. In this article, we present
BayesLSH
, a principled Bayesian algorithm for the subsequent phase of similarity search—performing candidate pruning and similarity estimation using LSH. A simpler variant,
BayesLSH-Lite
, which calculates similarities exactly, is also presented. Our algorithms are able to quickly prune away a large majority of the false positive candidate pairs, leading to significant speedups over baseline approaches. For BayesLSH, we also provide probabilistic guarantees on the quality of the output, both in terms of accuracy and recall. Finally, the quality of BayesLSH’s output can be easily tuned and does not require any manual setting of the number of hashes to use for similarity estimation, unlike standard approaches. For two state-of-the-art candidate generation algorithms, AllPairs and LSH, BayesLSH enables significant speedups, typically in the range 2 × --20 × for a wide variety of datasets.

We also extend the BayesLSH algorithm for kernel methods—in which the similarity between two data objects is defined by a kernel function. Since the embedding of data points in the transformed kernel space is unknown, algorithms such as AllPairs which rely on building inverted index structure for fast similarity search do not work with kernel functions. Exhaustive search across all possible pairs is also not an option since the dataset can be huge and computing the kernel values for each pair can be prohibitive. We propose
K-BayesLSH
an all-pairs similarity search problem for kernel functions. K-BayesLSH leverages a recently proposed idea—
kernelized locality sensitive hashing
(KLSH)—for hash bit computation and candidate generation, and uses the aforementioned BayesLSH idea for candidate pruning and similarity estimation. We ran a broad spectrum of experiments on a variety of datasets drawn from different domains and with distinct kernels and find a speedup of 2 × --7 × over vanilla KLSH.
A Survey on Trust Modeling
Authors: Cho Jin-Hee , Chan Kevin , Adali Sibel
Published: October 2015

The concept of trust and/or trust management has received considerable attention in engineering research communities as trust is perceived as the basis for decision making in many contexts and the motivation for maintaining long-term relationships based on cooperation and collaboration. Even if substantial research effort has been dedicated to addressing trust-based mechanisms or trust metrics (or computation) in diverse contexts, prior work has not clearly solved the issue of how to model and quantify trust with sufficient detail and context-based adequateness. The issue of trust quantification has become more complicated as we have the need to derive trust from complex, composite networks that may involve four distinct layers of communication protocols, information exchange, social interactions, and cognitive motivations. In addition, the diverse application domains require different aspects of trust for decision making such as emotional, logical, and relational trust. This survey aims to outline the foundations of trust models for applications in these contexts in terms of the concept of trust, trust assessment, trust constructs, trust scales, trust properties, trust formulation, and applications of trust. We discuss how different components of trust can be mapped to different layers of a complex, composite network; applicability of trust metrics and models; research challenges; and future work directions.
Thinking Like a Vertex
Authors: McCune Robert Ryan , Weninger Tim , Madey Greg
Published: October 2015

The vertex-centric programming model is an established computational paradigm recently incorporated into distributed processing frameworks to address challenges in large-scale graph processing. Billion-node graphs that exceed the memory capacity of commodity machines are not well supported by popular Big Data tools like MapReduce, which are notoriously poor performing for iterative graph algorithms such as PageRank. In response, a new type of framework challenges one to “think like a vertex” (TLAV) and implements user-defined programs from the perspective of a vertex rather than a graph. Such an approach improves locality, demonstrates linear scalability, and provides a natural way to express and compute many iterative graph algorithms. These frameworks are simple to program and widely applicable but, like an operating system, are composed of several intricate, interdependent components, of which a thorough understanding is necessary in order to elicit top performance at scale. To this end, the first comprehensive survey of TLAV frameworks is presented. In this survey, the vertex-centric approach to graph processing is overviewed, TLAV frameworks are deconstructed into four main components and respectively analyzed, and TLAV implementations are reviewed and categorized.
Power‐Interrogated Refractive Index Sensor Using Long Period Grating in Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Jiang X. L. , Gu Z. T. , Zheng L.
Published: October 2015

We reported a long period grating (LPG) written in specially designed photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for refractive index (RI) sensing by interrogating the transmitted light power. The outermost ring of clad holes of the PCF is enlarged where the analyte is filled. We showed that the leakage loss of the clad mode increases with the RI in the larger holes. By numerically analyzing the complex couple mode equations for the core mode and the first clad mode, we found the depth of attenuation band in the transmitted spectra and the total transmitted power is sensitive to the leakage loss of the clad mode or the RI in the larger holes. We also demonstrated that the transmitted power is sensitive to the RI even less than that of the silica, which just avoids the limitation that the transmitted light power of LPG in conventional fiber is only sensitive to the RI of the external media higher than that of fiber clad.
Energy-Efficient Layered Video Multicast over OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Systems
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Li Shengyu , Xu Yue , Feng Zhiyong , Lin Jiaru
Published: October 2015

An energy-efficient layered video multicast (LVM) scheme for “bandwidth-hungry” video services is studied in OFDM-based cognitive radio (CR) systems, where the video data is encoded into a base layer and several enhancement layers with the former intended for all subscribers to guarantee the basic quality of reconstructed video and the latter aiming at the quality improvement for the promising users with good channel conditions. Moreover, in order to balance user experience maximization and power consumption minimization, a novel performance metricenergy utility(EU) is proposed to measure the sum achieved quality of reconstructed video at all subscribers when unit transmit power is consumed. Our objective is to maximize the system EU by jointly optimizing the intersession/interlayer subcarrier assignment and subsequent power allocation. For this purpose, we first perform subcarrier assignment for base layer and enhancement layers using greedy algorithm and then present an optimal power allocation algorithm to maximize the achievable EU using fractional programming. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can adaptively capture the state variations of licensed spectrum and dynamically adjust the video transmission to exploit the scarce spectrum and energy resources adequately. Meanwhile, the system EU obtained in our algorithms is greatly improved over traditional spectrum efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) optimization models.
Convalescing Cluster Configuration Using a Superlative Framework
Authors: Sabitha R. , Karthik S.
Published: October 2015

Competent data mining methods are vital to discover knowledge from databases which are built as a result of enormous growth of data. Various techniques of data mining are applied to obtain knowledge from these databases. Data clustering is one such descriptive data mining technique which guides in partitioning data objects into disjoint segments. K‐means algorithm is a versatile algorithm among the various approaches used in data clustering. The algorithm and its diverse adaptation methods suffer certain problems in their performance. To overcome these issues a superlative algorithm has been proposed in this paper to perform data clustering. The specific feature of the proposed algorithm is discretizing the dataset, thereby improving the accuracy of clustering, and also adopting the binary search initialization method to generate cluster centroids. The generated centroids are fed as input to K‐means approach which iteratively segments the data objects into respective clusters. The clustered results are measured for accuracy and validity. Experiments conducted by testing the approach on datasets from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository evidently show that the accuracy and validity measure is higher than the other two approaches, namely, simple K‐means and Binary Search method. Thus, the proposed approach proves that discretization process will improve the efficacy of descriptive data mining tasks.
Physiological and Neural Adaptations to Eccentric Exercise: Mechanisms and Considerations for Training
Authors: Hedayatpour Nosratollah , Falla Deborah
Published: October 2015

Eccentric exercise is characterized by initial unfavorable effects such as subcellular muscle damage, pain, reduced fiber excitability, and initial muscle weakness. However, stretch combined with overload, as in eccentric contractions, is an effective stimulus for inducing physiological and neural adaptations to training. Eccentric exercise-induced adaptations include muscle hypertrophy, increased cortical activity, and changes in motor unit behavior, all of which contribute to improved muscle function. In this brief review, neuromuscular adaptations to different forms of exercise are reviewed, the positive training effects of eccentric exercise are presented, and the implications for training are considered.
Intraoperative Hemorrhage and Postoperative Sequelae after Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy to Treat Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: Chen Chun-Ming , Lai Steven , Chen Ker-Kong , Lee Huey-Er
Published: October 2015

Objective.To investigate the factors affecting intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative sequelae after orthognathic surgery.Materials and Methods.Eighty patients with mandibular prognathism underwent surgical mandibular setback with intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO). The correlation between the blood loss volume and postoperative VAS with the gender, age, and operating time was assessed using thet-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The correlation between the magnitude of mandibular setback with the presence of TMJ clicking symptoms and lip sensation was also assessed.Results.The mean operating time and blood loss volume for men and women were 249.52 min and 229.39 min, and 104.03 mL and 86.12 mL, respectively. The mean VAS in men and women was 3.21 and 2.93, and 1.79 and 1.32 on the first and second postoperative days. There is no gender difference in the operating time, blood loss, VAS, TMJ symptoms, and lip numbness. The magnitude of mandibular setback was not correlated with immediate and long-term postoperative lip numbness.Conclusion.There are no gender differences in the intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative sequelae (pain, lip numbness, and TMJ symptoms). In addition, neither symptom was significantly correlated with the amount of mandibular setback.
A Case of Pneumococcal Peritonitis after Caesarean Section in a Healthy Woman
Authors: Kourounis Georgios , Panayiotou Yiannis , Tabet Patrick Paul , Richards Brian David Wensley , Petrou Athanasios , Loizou Marios
Published: October 2015

Pneumococcal peritonitis is prevalent in children and adults with comorbidities but extremely rare in healthy adults. Here we describe a case of pneumococcal peritonitis in a previously healthy woman with no known risk factors who presented with constipation, abdominal pain, and distention. Her only past medical history was an uncomplicated C-section two months prior to presentation. A laparotomy revealed a pneumococcal peritonitis without visible source of infection. The patient remained hospitalized until completion of antibiotic regimen with Ceftriaxone and resolution of symptoms. This report adds to the small body of evidence showing possible pneumococcal peritonitis in healthy young adults.
Efficient and Specific Detection ofSalmonellain Food Samples Using astn-Based Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method
Authors: Srisawat Mevaree , Panbangred Watanalai
Published: October 2015

TheSalmonellaenterotoxin (stn) gene exhibits high homology amongS. entericaserovars andS. bongori. A set of 6 specific primers targeting thestngene were designed for detection ofSalmonellaspp. using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method. The primers amplified target sequences in all 102 strains of 87 serovars ofSalmonellatested and no products were detected in 57 non-Salmonellastrains. The detection limit in pure cultures was 5 fg DNA/reaction when amplified at 65°C for 25 min. The LAMP assay could detectSalmonellain artificially contaminated food samples as low as 220 cells/g of food without a preenrichment step. However, the sensitivity was increased 100-fold (~2 cells/g) following 5 hr preenrichment at 35°C. The LAMP technique, with a preenrichment step for 5 and 16 hr, was shown to give 100% specificity with food samples compared to the reference culture method in which 67 out of 90 food samples gave positive results. Different food matrixes did not interfere with LAMP detection which employed a simple boiling method for DNA template preparation. The results indicate that the LAMP method, targeting thestngene, has great potential for detection ofSalmonellain food samples with both high specificity and high sensitivity.
The Distortion Theorems for Harmonic Mappings with Analytic Parts Convex or Starlike Functions of Orderβ
Authors: Zhu Mengkun , Huang Xinzhong
Published: October 2015

Some sharp estimates of coefficients, distortion, and growth for harmonic mappings with analytic parts convex or starlike functions of orderβare obtained. We also give area estimates and covering theorems. Our main results generalise those of Klimek and Michalski.
Perspectives in Intraoperative Diagnostics of Human Gliomas
Authors: Tyurikova O. , Dembitskaya Y. , Yashin K. , Mishchenko M. , Vedunova M. , Medyanik I. , Kazantsev V.
Published: October 2015

Amongst large a variety of oncological diseases, malignant gliomas represent one of the most severe types of tumors. They are also the most common type of the brain tumors and account for over half of the astrocytic tumors. According to different sources, the average life expectancy of patients with various glioblastomas varies between 10 and 12 months and that of patients with anaplastic astrocytic tumors between 20 and 24 months. Therefore, studies of the physiology of transformed glial cells are critical for the development of treatment methods. Modern medical approaches offer complex procedures, including the microsurgical tumor removal, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, supplemented with photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy. The most radical of them is surgical resection, which allows removing the largest part of the tumor, reduces the intracranial hypertension, and minimizes the degree of neurological deficit. However, complete removal of the tumor remains impossible. The main limitations are insufficient visualization of glioma boundaries, due to its infiltrative growth, and the necessity to preserve healthy tissue. This review is devoted to the description of advantages and disadvantages of modern intraoperative diagnostics of human gliomas and highlights potential perspectives for development of their treatment.
A Novel Thermodynamic Model and Temperature Control Method of Laser Soldering Systems
Authors: Chen Zhihua , He Cheng , Zheng Ying , Shi Xiaolong , Song Tao
Published: October 2015

Laser technology is vital in production of precision electronic components and has been widely used in modern industry. In laser soldering systems, accurate temperature control remains a challenging problem, since the temperature is highly sensitive to laser power and thermodynamic parameters of solder joints. In this paper, a good solution is proposed to solve the problem by controlling the temperature based on a novel thermodynamic model. In the model, many of the major factors are taken into account, such as laser energy, flux influence, and solder joints with different parameters. Aimed at the thermodynamic process and the influence of solder fluxes, a mixed mode control method is used to track the designed target temperature curve; this method can produce a solder joint with good quality. As a result, a model-based feed-forward and proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) mixed control method is developed. In practice, the proposed method is verified to have a wider product capability and production size; and a rate of good products of 99.94% is achieved with consuming approximately half of the energy comparing with manual soldering and constant laser power soldering.
Genome-Wide Identification of Genes Probably Relevant to the Uniqueness of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis) and Its Cultivars
Authors: Wei Yan , Jing Wang , Youxiang Zhou , Mingming Zhao , Yan Gong , Hua Ding , Lijun Peng , Dingjin Hu
Published: October 2015

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular beverage all over the world and a number of studies have focused on the genetic uniqueness of tea and its cultivars. However, molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena are largely undefined. In this report, based on expression data available from public databases, we performed a series of analyses to identify genes probably relevant to the uniqueness ofC. sinensisand two of its cultivars (LJ43 and ZH2). Evolutionary analyses showed that the evolutionary rates of genes involved in the pathways were not significantly different amongC. sinensis,C. oleifera, andC. azalea. Interestingly, a number of gene families, including genes involved in the pathways synthesizing iconic secondary metabolites of tea plant, were significantly upregulated, expressed inC. sinensis(LJ43) when compared toC. azalea, and this may partially explain its higher content of flavonoid, theanine, and caffeine. Further investigation showed that nonsynonymous mutations may partially contribute to the differences between the two cultivars ofC. sinensis, such as the chlorina and higher contents of amino acids in ZH2. Genes identified as candidates are probably relevant to the uniqueness ofC. sinensisand its cultivars should be good candidates for subsequent functional analyses and marker-assisted breeding.
A Study on Toxic Acidic Vapor Removal Behaviors of Continuously Nanostructured Copper/Nickel‐Coated Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Kim Byung-Joo , Bae Kyong-Min , Lee Hye-Min , Kang Shin-Jae , Park Soo-Jin
Published: October 2015

Nanostructured copper (Cu)/nickel‐ (Ni‐) coated nanoporous carbon sheets (NCS) were prepared to improve the toxic acidic vapor (hydrogen chloride, HCl) removal efficiency of NCS using a continuous bimetal electroplating method at various metal content ratios. The surface morphology and nanostructure of Cu/Ni‐NCS were observed by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. N2/77 K adsorption isotherms were investigated using the Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller equation. HCl vapor removal efficiency was confirmed using two types of detection techniques: a gas detecting tube for low concentrations and gas chromatography for high concentrations. HCl removal efficiency was improved mainly in the copresence of nanostructured Cu/Ni clusters compared to the efficiencies of the as‐received and single‐metal‐plated NCS. In particular, the removal efficiency of Cu/Ni‐3 was increased by 270% compared to that of as‐received sample, but Cu/Ni‐5 showed lower efficiency than Cu/Ni‐3, indicating that suitable metal composition on NCS can accelerate HCl removal behaviors of the NCS.
The Role of Oxidative Stress-Induced Epigenetic Alterations in Amyloid-βProduction in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zuo Li , Hemmelgarn Benjamin T. , Chuang Chia-Chen , Best Thomas M.
Published: October 2015

An increasing number of studies have proposed a strong correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress (OS) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With over five million people diagnosed in the United States alone, AD is the most common type of dementia worldwide. AD includes progressive neurodegeneration, followed by memory loss and reduced cognitive ability. Characterized by the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques as a hallmark, the connection between ROS and AD is compelling. Analyzing the ROS response of essential proteins in the amyloidogenic pathway, such as amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase (BACE1), along with influential signaling programs of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), has helped visualize the path between OS and Aβoverproduction. In this review, attention will be paid to significant advances in the area of OS, epigenetics, and their influence on Aβplaque assembly. Additionally, we aim to discuss available treatment options for AD that include antioxidant supplements, Asian traditional medicines, metal-protein-attenuating compounds, and histone modifying inhibitors.
Economic Analysis of Wind Turbine Installation in Taiwan
Authors: Ling Jeeng-Min , Lublertlop Kunkerati
Published: October 2015

The wind speed characteristics are analyzed statistically based on a long-term hourly data record to evaluate the proper wind energy potential. The annual average wind speed and wind power density are investigated and compared by some significant indices, wind energy output and capacity factor, to show the variations of proper wind turbine specifications of installation in different locations of Taiwan. The minimum cost of wind energy is used to assess the economical feasibility for turbine installation in Taiwan. Great variations occur in the simulation results in both of the cost of energy and capacity factor. The detailed statistical analysis should be conducted to ensure the successful operation after wind turbine installations.
A Novel Korean Red Ginseng Compound Gintonin Inhibited Inflammation by MAPK and NF-κB Pathways and Recovered the Levels of mir-34a and mir-93 in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Saba Evelyn , Jeon Bo Ra , Jeong Da-Hye , Lee Kija , Goo Youn-Kyoung , Kwak Dongmi , Kim Suk , Roh Seong-Soo , Kim Sung Dae , Nah Seung-Yeol , Rhee Man Hee
Published: October 2015

The beneficial health promoting effects of ginseng from vitalizing the body to enhancing long life have been well explored very rapidly in the past few years. Up till now many ginsenosides have been discovered for their marvelous therapeutic effects. However during past three years, a novel ginseng compound has been discovered, called gintonin, that differs from other ginsenosides on the basis of its signal transduction and chemical nature. Gintonin has been widely studied for its anti-Alzheimer’s disease activities and other neuropathies. However, its anti-inflammatory activity remained unexplored. In our study we have reported for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of gintonin on RAW 264.7 cells. We found that gintonin potently suppresses the nitric oxide production without any cytotoxicity at given doses and also efficiently suppressed the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, it mediaes its signal transduction via MAPK and NF-κB pathways and revives the levels of mir-34a and mir-93. These findings are valuable for the anti-inflammatory effects of this new compound with particular reference to microRNA involvement in the ginseng family.