bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporate Social Responsibilty: Exxonmobil's Form of Liability as a Foreign Investor of Mining Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Ar Raidah Salsabila Fakhriyyah
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Currently, the business sector that is being intensified by the Indonesian government is the mining sector which is aimed at increasing state revenue. The state revenue aims to prosper the people's welfare, which is guaranteed by the constitution of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which states that the land, water and natural resources in it are state control designated in the event that prosperity of the people. In developing the mining business sector, Indonesia needs cooperation from foreign investors to adequately fulfill various needs. In developing the mining business sector, Indonesia needs cooperation from foreign investors to adequately fulfill various needs. In developing the mining business sector, Indonesia needs cooperation from foreign investors to adequately fulfill various needs. Therefore, Indonesia is cooperating with a company from America, namely PT. ExxonMobil. However, in the implementation of their investment activities, there are many problems, especially with the communities around the mining area. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the form of PT. ExxonMobil's responsibility for investing in Indonesia using normative juridical research methods..
Four-Tier Multiple Choice Test Characterized by Local Wisdom Values for Analyzing Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Ni'mah Zuafatun , Fariyani Qisthi , Sudarmanto Agus
Published: September 2021

This study aims to develop a four-tier multiple choice test instrument characterized by the values of local wisdom to describe the characteristics of the instrument, determine the validity and reliability of the instrument, determine the characteristics of items, and analyze the critical thinking skills of class X students on Momentum and Impulse material. This research is Research and Development (R&D) and uses the Borg and Gall development model. The research methods used included interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. The four levels of the four-tier multiple choice test instrument consist of: multiple choice questions, answer confidence level, reason choice, and reason confidence level. Validity testing by the three validators obtained the result that the instrument developed was valid. Reliability testing shows that the developed question instrument is reliable with the acquisition of a value of 0.946. The test questions consist of 14 questions in the medium category and 7 questions in the difficult category. The difference in power index is 0.22 to 0.53 which consists of 11 good enough questions, 6 good questions, and 4 very good questions. Overall results of critical thinking skills of students 11.93% in the very critical category, 5.93% in the critical category, 12.2% in the less critical category type 1A (LC1A), 10.87% in the less critical category type 1B ( LC1B), 8.56% in the less critical category type 2A (LC2A), 9% in the less critical category type 2B (LC2B), and 41.36% in the non-critical category.
Biology Blog: Project-Based Learning in Pandemic Periode to Encourage Students’ Creativity
Authors: Nawawi Nawawi , Trisianawati Eka , Karim Abdul
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the biology blog project-based learning on the creativity of students and cognitive ability in the e-learning course, biology department program IKIP PGRI Pontianak. The method in this research was quasi-experimental. The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group design, using two groups. The instruments used are; student creativity test, creativity observation guidelines, cognitive test. The Wilcoxon test results showed a difference in the effectiveness of using project-based learning between the pretest-posttest control class and the pretest-posttest experimental class. Then at the project implementation stage, the results obtained that students have trained to be collaborative, independent, and creative in making a biology blog. Meanwhile, based on observations, students have been able to use flexibility skills in various ways to solve problems when creating biology blogs, integrating text, images, and videos into blogs. In addition, students use Elaboration skills to develop ideas and details of group assignments in more detail. Thus, this study can conclude that biology project-based learning effectively improved student creativity in making a biology blog.
Promoting Physics-Entrepreneurship Via Facebook: A Thematic Study
Authors: Suprapto Nadi , Hidaayatullaah Hasan Nuurul
Published: September 2021

This study addresses the use of Facebook (FB) as a media for promoting science’ product. By adopting the concept of entrepreneurship education, the study explored the role of FB in promoting science message through “Learning Shirt-theme”. A thematic study was conducted, involving a group of Indonesian undergraduate physics students (34 members) in FB namely “Learning Shirt” and the content of their sites as the entrepreneurs and 192 active members as the service users. The students pursued their study at a public university in Surabaya, Indonesia, which contributed to the group’s community. These groups of students established entrepreneurship activities and promoted their message of physics via FB. The role of the researcher is a tutor of the community. Data analyses were used, including a thematic and documentation analysis and supported by questionnaire analysis. The results of the study categorized the physics-shirt into five themes: the history of physics, derivation of the equation in physics, physics symbols and equations, physics values, and models in physics. The FB users’ understanding of physics themes were in a good category with an average score of 79.79. The trend of FB user’s positive response regarding ten expressions in the questionnaire was increased significantly in three weeks.
Asynchronous Learning: Its Effects on Academic Performance and Students’ Motivation In Science
Authors: Aque Annabeth , Barquilla Manuel , Buan Amelia , Bagaloyos Joy
Published: September 2021

The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of asynchronous learning to academic performance and students’ motivation towards Science. It is necessary since motivation serves as a foundation for better understanding of science concepts in an asynchronous setting. The respondents are 201 grade 11 students of Iligan Computer Institute (ICI) who are enrolled during the Academic Year 2020-2021. The ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model was used in the study for the development of asynchronous lesson on Genetic Engineering with Google Classroom as the online platform. The research utilized SMTSL (Students Motivation Towards Science Learning) questionnaire developed by Tuan, et al. (2005) composed of 35 questions encompassing six (6) domains of motivation namely, self-efficacy, active learning strategies, science learning value, performance goal, achievement goal and learning environment stimulation. Quantitative data together with qualitative analysis showed that students are moderately motivated towards science learning in an asynchronous environment. The highest identified domain is science learning value indicating that students find the relevance of science with daily life which makes them motivated to learn science even in a remote learning environment where there is no direct contact and supervision. In contrast, self-efficacy and performance goal are the least domains suggesting that students are least concerned with their own ability to perform well in science learning tasks and they do not compete with other students and get attention from the teacher. Using the researcher-made achievement test and performance task to measure their academic performance, 80% of the students belong to approaching proficiency, proficient and advanced groups showing that students did well in science in an asynchronous learning environment.  Moreover, students’ motivation was significantly correlated with science academic performance so science academic performance can be used as indirect evidence of students’ motivation. Based on these findings, it is recommended that curriculum experts and educators consider factors of motivation in revisiting the science curriculum in an asynchronous environment.
Evaluation Approach of Rock Brittleness Index for Fracturing Acidizing Based on Energy Evolution Theory and Damage Constitutive Relation
Authors: Jin Shaobo , Wang Xin , Wang Zhen , Mo Shaoyuan , Zhang Fengshou , Tang Jizhou
Published: September 2021

Acidizing, as an essential approach for well stimulation of sandstone or carbonate reservoirs, greatly affects the brittleness of the rock mass. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a scientific brittleness evaluation methodology for the acid-corroded rock. In this paper, firstly, a damage constitutive model considering the compression hardening process of the acid-corroded sandstone under uniaxial loading is established and verified. Then, the evolution formulae of the relevant mechanical and fitting parameters are derived, and the stress-strain curve of the sandstone subjected to acid corrosion with soaking time is predicted. Finally, a theoretical model for evaluating the brittleness index (BI) of the acid-corroded sandstone based on energy evolution theory and damage constitutive relation is proposed. Based on this model, the BI of the sandstone subjected to acid corrosion is calculated and analyzed, and the BI of the acid-corroded sandstone with the soaking time is predicted. Results show that the BI of the sandstone is negatively correlated with the soaking time, and the rate of descent of the BI decreases with the increment of the soaking time. In addition, the decline degree of the BI has a negative correlation with the pH value. On the other hand, the temperature (25°C, 50°C, and 75°C) has greater weakening effects on the BI compared with the impact of the pressure (5 MPa, 10 MPa, and 15 MPa). Besides, days 50 and 120 are two turning points where the decreasing rates of the BI change from rapid to slow and slow to almost constant, respectively. Furthermore, a coefficient (θ) is proposed to quantify the effect of the acid corrosion, and some suggestions are provided for the application of the acidizing treatment.
Utilizing High-Frequency In-Bit Sensor Data Improves Drillbit Design and Modelling
Authors: Krough Bradley , Corbitt Paul , Cazares Lucia , Masdea James , Scadden David
Published: September 2021

Modern drill bits designs have become more efficient using static modelling, and in more advanced cases, time-based dynamic modelling. These methods have created improved cutting structures that fail rock more effectively, however, at-bit vibrations are difficult to estimate because of the high-frequency nature of the vibration and its proximity to typical vibration sensors. In conventional applications, vibration is not measured near the bit. A solution to capture this data on conventional assemblies and use the data in an actual bit design is presented in this paper with subsequent performance and vibration results. The relative efficiency, bit dull grading, and vibration performance are compared across these designs and explored in depth.

This new generation of vibration tool fits inside the bit pin, enabling accurate at-bit vibration measurements by a suite of sensors. The tool includes a tri-axis accelerometer that measures lateral and axial acceleration, and gyro sensors to measure rpm and torsional acceleration. Together, these outputs combine with the rig surface data to have time- and depth-based vibration data in the context of the run. When used to quantify the dynamic model, this represents a modelling calibration that improves bit design performance. The lower-vibration environment created by the new bit design enables the operator to run increased parameters with a lower likelihood for measurement-while-drilling (MWD) failures, motor failures, and premature catastrophic bit failures leading to faster run times and less nonproductive time (NPT). These results also prove that meaningful bit design changes can take place more frequently than through traditional means, translating value to the operator in the form more successful BHA improvements and less drilling time.

Using the new in-bit sensor in a baseline design to start the design cycle, a baseline mechanical specific energy (MSE) and vibration model was developed foot-by-foot. The worst areas of vibration were seen as the bit became dull in the lower section of the drilling interval. A new dull bit model was created in parallel to capture this section of data. A new design was proposed to Whiting Petroleum to improve both sharp and dull efficiency and vibration, and subsequently run with sensor in an offset well.
Reservoir Simulation Studies for Planning Monitoring Schemes for CO2 Storage
Authors: Nikolakopoulos-Skelly Georgios , Giddins Marie Ann , Xu Rong , Ezeogu Chioma , Jackson Matthew
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we describe an approach to designing monitoring schemes for carbon dioxide sequestration in saline aquifers. Changes in key parameters are investigated over timescales of up to a thousand years. The study addresses movement of the CO2 plume, possible locations for observation wells and the period for which a storage location should be monitored.

For the initial sensitivity analysis, we use a simple homogeneous reservoir simulation model to understand how reservoir, operational and model parameters affect the amount of mobile CO2 remaining at different times over the storage period. The parameters with the greatest impact are taken forward to uncertainty studies, which are conducted on two reservoir models with more realistic geological characteristics: one with lateral extensive baffles and one with sand channels. For these cases, we investigate the movement of the CO2 plume and its arrival at possible locations for an observation well.

Results from the sensitivity analysis indicate that the most influential parameters are horizontal permeability, dipping angle, critical gas saturation, salinity, the period of injection and the capillary pressure curve. The results from the uncertainty studies indicate that for the two heterogeneous models, a reasonable monitoring period is in the range of 60 to 150 years and that the movement of the plume probably stops after approximately 100 years. The arrival time of CO2 at the observation well can be predicted with greater confidence when the well is in close proximity to the injector and in the direction in which CO2 will preferably move. A correlation analysis on the uncertain parameters shows that the main contributor affecting the amount of mobile CO2 is critical gas saturation, followed by dipping angle and the period of injection.

While previous studies focus on how different parameters affect immobilization of CO2, this study aims to develop a methodology to plan long-term monitoring of mobile CO2. Prediction of the expected plume movement can help to determine suitable observation well locations and reasonable timescales for the monitoring process.
Application of Laser and Plasma for Thermal Assisted Drilling in Carbonated Formations
Authors: Bazargan Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Employing novel drilling, and tunneling methods are active area of study since 1930s. In the present report, an Experimental study of the thermal impact of laser and plasma torch on carbonated rocks as part of thermal assisted drilling operation is presented. The experimental findings are then evaluated and verified by the Kirch's equations for stresses and strains around a cylindrical borehole. Since it is vital to carefully studying the wellbore stability in this type of drilling method, especially if it is associated with underbalanced drilling (UBD) and or Managed pressure drilling (MPD), further numerical investigations are carried out to highlight the necessary considerations in this regard.
Application of Long Endurance UAS for Top-Down Methane Emission Measurements of Oil and Gas Facilities in an Offshore Environment
Authors: Tavner Charles Alexander , Touzel Daniel Francis , Smith Brendan James
Published: September 2021

Oil & gas (O&G) operators are increasingly focused on decarbonization and reaching net-zero carbon emissions. The O&G industry seeks to minimise methane emissions. Verification of estimated emissions using top down measurement methods represents a critical component of this effort.

A novel approach to operationalizing top-down emissions surveys was developed and demonstrated, leveraging expertise in unmanned vehicle application, innovative methane emissions measurement technology, and an O&G industry collaborator. The inspection technique utilizes a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft to perform a remote offshore asset inspection while safely launching and recovering onshore. This method enables the collection of many tens of thousands individual point methane concentration measurements and affords the ability to resolve facility-level methane emissions and in conjunction with appropriate environmental conditions information, derive an accurate emission rate for an individual asset, while accounting for background fluctuation and potential upwind sources.The unmanned aircraft does not require any crew or equipment to be taken offshore or make modifications to the asset, thus allowing inspections to be performed with minimum impact to facility operations. This work overcame significant regulatory hurdles to fly long distance unmanned aircraft in congested airspace, developed detailed operational procedures and demonstrated the safety of the technique to both the O&G and aviation community, and the effectiveness of the measurement technology. The work demonstrated the suitability of the technique for operationalisation for routine measurement programmes.
Interaction of the TRIM46 / MUC1 locus with cigarette smoking may influence the risk of gout.
Authors: Fanning Niamh , Topless Ruth K , Phipps-Green Amanda , Pearson John F , Cadzow Murray , Major Tanya J , White Douglas H , Dalbeth Nicola , Merriman Tony , Stamp Lisa K
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Some studies suggest that current-smoking may be protective against gout and smoking cessation associated with higher incidence of gout. Our study assessed potential interactions between smoking, genetic variants and gout prevalence. Methods: Four loci (ABCG2, GCKR, TRIM46, HNF4G) with evidence of smoking-influenced associations with serum urate were tested for non-additive interaction with current-smoker or ex-smoker status that associates with gout in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) East and West Polynesian participants with (n=520) and without (n=629) gout. Results: Ex-smoker status was associated with higher prevalence of gout in people with East Polynesian but not West Polynesian ancestry. No association was detected between current smoking and gout. An interaction between TRIM46 (rs11264341) and ex-smoker status that associates with gout was observed in meta-analysis of NZ East and West Polynesians [ORInteraction= 0.58 (0.37-0.92)]. Never-smokers who were homozygous for the rs11264341 C-allele had higher odds of gout [OR= 2.43 (1.27; 4.64)], but not never-smoker heterozygotes [1.20 (0.73; 1.97]. The C allele was not associated with gout in ex-smokers [0.73 (0.36-1.47)]. No interactions involving current-smoker status were detected.Conclusions: We provide evidence for a non-additive interaction between TRIM46 (rs11264341) and ex-smoker status that associated with gout prevalence. MUC1, which encodes a transmembrane mucin in the lungs affected by cigarette smoke, is a possible candidate gene at this locus. No interaction involving current-smoker status was observed raising uncertainties about the relevance of an interaction specific to ex-smokers.
Why Patients Do Not Comply With Headache Diaries?
Authors: Borbinha Cláudia , Martins Isabel Pavão
Published: September 2021

Background/ObjectiveHeadache calendars are part of good clinical practice in headache clinics. However, patients’ compliance is rather variable. We aim to identify factors associated with poor compliance.MethodsConsecutive patients observed in follow-up visits of a tertiary headache center were divided into two groups; with a fullfilled calendar (Calendar compliers, CC) and without calendar (Calendar noncompliers, CNC). Incomplete /forgotten records were excluded. Demographic and clinical variables were compared, and CNC were asked the reasons for not filling the calendar. ResultsFrom 93 patients (45.6±13.3 years, on average; 83 females), the majority with migraine (96.8%), 61.3% were CC. CNC were more likely to have medication overuse (34.5% vs. 12.3%, p=0.01) and had a tendency to be paid workers (79.3% vs. 52.6%, p=0.05) compared to CC.Most CC considered calendars useful to improve doctors and patients knowledge about headaches.ConclusionsAlthough these results need to be evaluated in other contexts, they suggest that patients with medication overuse have a more denial attitute towards headache records and may need additional reinforcement.
A Preliminary Assessment of Coastal Vulnerability For Ngazidja Island, Comoros Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Mahamoud Avouca , Gzam Maher , Mohamed Nadjim Ahmed , Hamada Soulé Hamidou , Montacer Mabrouk
Published: September 2021

In previous studies, an emphasis on the particular vulnerability of small island states to future sea-level rise and the intensity of increasing storm surges has been discussed. This preliminary assessment develops a Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) along the 202 km long coastline of Ngazidja Island (formerly Grande Comore, Comoros Archipelago), using fieldwork, remote sensing, and geographic information system tools (GIS). The CVI considers five structural variables: (a) geology, (b) geomorphology, (c) topography, (d) shoreline change, and (e) shoreline exposure). It also considers three physical process variables: (f) relative sea-level rise, (g) significant wave height, and (h) mean tide range). The land-use variable was added in this analysis to highlight the human asset exposure in the surrounding areas. Each variable was ranked based on local physical and hydrodynamic conditions and their vulnerability contribution to sea-level rise. The CVI was computed in 270 sections. According to the vulnerability index, approximately 57.5% of the coastline is under low and moderate vulnerability. High and very-high vulnerabilities refer specifically to beaches and shores with old volcanic lava flows located mainly in the northern, northeastern, and southeastern parts of the island, approximately 42.5% of the coastline. The lowest value of CVI is 9.2 on high, rocky cliffs and the highest value is 160 on beaches. This vulnerability partition along the coastline is consistent with in situ indicators of coastal erosion and flooding. In a sea-level rise context, it is of prime importance to integrate coastal vulnerability maps with planning and sustainable management of the coastal zone.
Predictors of Extra-Pulmonary Metastatic Disease in Patients with Recurrent Lung Cancer
Authors: Grey Tyler M , Alabousi Abdullah , Alabousi Mostafa , Haider Ehsan A
Published: September 2021

Background: Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Its poor prognosis is associated with late detection and high recurrence rates. We aimed to determine if certain imaging characteristics of lung cancer recurrence were predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of all patients at our institution with lung cancer recurrence detected on post-treatment imaging between January 2014-October 2019. Research ethics board approval was obtained. Included patients underwent pre-treatment imaging, surgical resection, and post-treatment imaging. Imaging characteristics and pathological findings of the pulmonary lesions were analyzed. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess for potential predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease. The variables evaluated were age, gender, original and recurrent lesion size and imaging characteristics, recurrence location, presence of chest wall or mediastinal invasion, lymphadenopathy, and malignancy subtype. Results: 76 patients were included (33 males; mean age 70.9, standard deviation [SD] 7.7). The primary lesions were adenocarcinoma (N=50), squamous cell carcinoma (N=21), and other (N=5). The mean time to recurrence was 24.3 months (SD=18.8) from date of surgical excision. The two significant predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease were: having >1 recurrent lesion (odds ratio [OR], 8.1; p=0.004), and the presence of suspicious lymphadenopathy at the time of recurrence (OR, 14.1; p<0.001).Conclusion: In lung cancer recurrence, the presence of >1 recurrent lesion and suspicious lymphadenopathy at the time of recurrence were significant predictors of extra-pulmonary metastatic disease. These findings may help guide the risk stratification and management of patients with recurrent lung cancer.
The Effect of Farming Environment on Asthma; Time Dependent or Universal?
Authors: Madsen Marie Kjær , Schlünssen Vivi , Svanes Cecilie , Johannessen Ane , Jõgi Niels Oskar , Holm Mathias , Janson Christer , Pereira-Vega Antonio , Lowe Adrian J. , Franklin Karl A. , Malinovschi Andrei , Sigsgaard Torben , Abramson Michael J. , Bertelsen Randi , Oudin Anna , Gislason Thorarinn , Timm Signe
Published: September 2021

Background: The increasing prevalence of asthma is linked to westernization and urbanization. Farm environments have been associated with a lower risk of asthma development. However, this may not be universal, as the association differs across birth cohorts and farming methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of farm upbringing with asthma in different generations and at different times in history. Methods: The study population consisted of three generations: 13,868 subjects participating in the ECRHS in 2010, their 9,638 parents, and their 8,885 offspring participating in RHINESSA in 2013. Information on place of upbringing and self-reported ever asthma was provided via questionnaires. Logistic regression was performed including subgroup analysis stratified by generation and birthyear into ten-year-intervals. Results: The prevalence of asthma increased from 8% among grandparents to 13% among parents and to 18% among offspring. An overall analysis showed an inverse association of farm upbringing on the risk of asthma (OR=0.64; 95%CI 0.55-0.74). Subgroup analysis stratified into ten-year-intervals showed a tendency towards a more pronounced inverse association between growing up on a farm and asthma among subjects born in the 1940s (0.74; 0.48-1.12), 1950s (0.70; 0.54-0.90) and 1960s (0.70; 0.52-0.93). For subjects born in 1970 and thereafter this association appeared less consistent.Conclusion: While growing up on a farm was associated with a reduced risk of developing asthma in participants born between 1945-1999, this was mainly driven by generations born from 1945 to 1973.
A Case of Pasteurella Multocida Pneumonia, Bacteremia, and Septic Shock
Authors: Tang Wesley , Das Sulagna , Galbraith James
Published: September 2021

Pasteurella multocida is a ubiquitous organism found in the oropharynx of healthy domestic animals, especially dogs and cats. It is most known as a human pathogen, reported after animal bite incidents. In atraumatic infections, Pasteurella has been associated with patients in an immunocompromised state, such as those with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, patients with known cirrhosis, or those with preexisting cavitary pulmonary lesions. It is rare to isolate Pasteurella in an immunocompetent patient without known trauma. Here, we present a case of Pasteurella multocida pneumonia, bacteremia, and septic shock in an individual without a history of an animal bite, with a review of relevant literature.
Clinical Outcomes After Treatment With Direct Antiviral Agents: Beyond The Virological Response in Patients With Previous HCV-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: PAGEAUX Georges-Philippe , NZINGA Clovis LUSIVIKA , GANNE Nathalie , SAMUEL Didier , DORIVAL Céline , ZOULIM Fabien , CAGNOT Carole , DECAENS Thomas , THABUT Dominique , ASSELAH Tarik , MATHURIN Philippe , HABERSETZER François , BRONOWICKI Jean-Pierre , GUYADER Dominique , ROSA Isabelle , LEROY Vincent , CHAZOUILLERES Olivier , DE LEDINGHEN Victor , BOURLIERE Marc , CAUSSE Xavier , CALES Paul , METIVIER Sophie , LOUSTAUD-RATTI Véronique , RIACHI Ghassan , ALRIC Laurent , GELU-SIMEON Moana , MINELLO Anne , GOURNAY Jérôme , GEIST Claire , TRAN Albert , ABERGEL Armand , PORTAL Isabelle , D’ALTEROCHE Louis , RAFFI François , FONTAINE Hélène , CARRAT Fabrice , POL Stanislas
Published: September 2021

Background
In HCV-infected patients with advanced liver disease, the direct antiviral agents (DAAS)-associated clinical benefits remain debated. We compared the clinical outcome of patients with a previous history of decompensated cirrhosis following treatment or not with DAAs from the French ANRS CO22 HEPATHER cohort.
Methods
We identified HCV patients who had experienced an episode of decompensated cirrhosis. Study outcomes were all-cause mortality, liver-related or non-liver-related deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation. Secondary study outcomes were sustained virological response (SVR) and its clinical benefits
Results
559 patients met the identification criteria, of which 483 received DAA and 76 remained untreated after inclusion in the cohort. The median follow-up time was 39·7 (IQR: 22·7–51) months. After adjustment for multivariate analysis, exposure to DAAs was associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality (HR 0·45, 95% CI 0·24–0·84, p = 0·01) and non-liver-related death (HR 0·26, 95% CI 0·08–0·82, p = 0·02), and was not associated with liver-related death, decrease in hepatocellular carcinoma and need for liver transplantation. The SVR was 88%. According to adjusted multivariable analysis, SVR achievement was associated with a decrease in all-cause mortality (HR 0·29, 95% CI 0·15–0·54, p < 0·0001), liver-related mortality (HR 0·40, 95% CI 0·17–0·96, p = 0·04), non-liver-related mortality (HR 0·17, 95% CI 0·06–0·49, p = 0.001), liver transplantation (HR 0·17, 95% CI 0·05–0·54, p = 0.003), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR 0·52, 95% CI 0·29–0·93, p = 0·03).
Conclusion
Treatment with DAAS is associated with reduced risk for mortality. Thus, DAA treatment should be considered for any patient with HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis.
A 3D Printing Personalized Percutaneous Nephroscope Puncture Guide Plate in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Keyu Gao , Shuaishuai Li , raj Ashok , Shuofeng Li , Shuai Liu , Yuan Zhang , Haitao Zhu , Junqi Wang
Published: September 2021

Objective Using CTU, combined with 3D printing technology, digital design, the development of individualized PCNL) puncture guides, preliminary discussion of its feasibility for PCNL puncture positioning.Methods Twenty-two patients with renal calculi who underwent PCNL in the hospital of Xuzhou Medical University in 2017-2018, including 10 experimental groups, used 3D printing technology to make guides (puncture guides); simulated punctures in vitro, after clearing the needle angle, PCNL was performed in 10 patients and PCNL in 12 patients in the control group. The accuracy of puncture positioning, puncture time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between the two groups.Results In the experimental group, 10 patients had good puncture guide plate and the patient's skin. The puncture needle was puncture under the guidance of the guide plate and verified by the color Doppler. The 1 needle puncture was successful 100.00% (10/10), the positioning of the needle point, the depth of the puncture. The angles were consistent with the preoperative design. The success rate of 12 cases of color Doppler ultrasound in the control group was 75.00% (9/12). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The amount of hemorrhage was (7.78±0.94) min and (49.31±6.43) mL, respectively. The control group was (9.04±1.09) min and (60.08±12.18) mL, respectively. The two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion 3D printing personalized percutaneous nephrolithotomy guide can improve the accuracy of PCNL renal puncture channel positioning, shorten the puncture time and reduce intraoperative blood loss, and provide a new method for PCNL renal puncture positioning, which is worthy of further clinical exploration.
A Novel Methodology for Simultaneous Minimization of Manufacturing Objectives in Tolerance Allocation of Complex Assembly
Authors: Nagarajan Lenin , Mahalingam Siva Kumar , S Ayyappan , Natarajan Eswara Prasath
Published: September 2021

A novel methodology is presented in this work to minimize the manufacturing objectives, namely tolerance cost and machining time for allocating optimum tolerance to the components of complex assemblies with considering the proper process and machine selections from the given alternatives. A methodology that provides a two-step solution is developed for this work. First, a heuristic approach is applied to determine the best machine for each process, and then a combined Whale optimization algorithm with a univariate search method is used to allocate optimum tolerances with the best process selection for each sub-stage/operation. The efficiency of the proposed novel methodology is validated by solving two typical tolerance allocation problems of complex assemblies: a wheel mounting assembly and a knuckle joint assembly. Compared with previous approaches, the proposed methodology showed a considerable reduction in tolerance cost and machining time in relatively less computation time.
Molecular Detection of Brucella spp. in Ruminant Herds in Greece
Authors: Katsiolis Aristomenis , Papanikolaou Eleni , Stournara Athanasia , Giakkoupi Panagiota , Papadogiannakis Emmanouil , Zdragas Antonios , Giadinis Nektarios , Petridou Evanthia
Published: September 2021

Brucellosis is a worldwide distributed infectious disease. Ruminants and other animal species (swine, dogs, equids etc), as well as wild mammals can be affected. The disease can be transmitted to humans through the food chain or by direct contact with infected animals. Because of the relatively high economic burden due to abortions within a herd, significant efforts have been employed and hence the disease in most European countries has been eradicated. Accordingly, Greece applies both control and eradication programs concerning small ruminants (sheep and goats) and bovines depending on the geographical area. Current challenges in the standard antibody-based laboratory methods used for Brucella detection are the failure to differentiate antibodies against the wild strain from the ones against the vaccine strain Rev1 and antibodies against B. melitensis from those against B. abortus. The aim of the study was to modify previously published protocols based on PCR analysis and to generate a new diagnostic tool able to confirm the doubtful results delivered from serology and mainly to do easier and more reliable the detection of Brucella. For this reason, 264 samples derived from 191 ruminants of the farm and divided in 2 groups (male/female) were examined with a modified DNA extraction and PCR protocol. Molecular examination revealed the presence of Brucella spp. in 39 out of 264 samples (derived from 30 animals). In addition, Brucella spp. was detected in infected tissues derived from testicles, inguinal lymph nodes, fetal liver and fetal stomach content molecular detection of than other infected tissues.
The Empirical Research on the Impact of Pro-Environmental Factors on the Financing Cost of Green Bond
Authors: Zhang Chunlian , Liu Ziming , Zeng Yuqing , Yang Ou
Published: September 2021

Green bonds are an important part of green finance and a significant financing method for enterprises to make socially responsible investments. This thesis analyzes the impact of pro-environmental factors on the financing cost of green bonds by the data of green bonds issued from 2016 to 2020. The results show that the better the environmental performance of the issuer's region, the lower the financing cost of green bonds, and the third-party certification reduces the financing cost of green bonds. Further research shows that high pollution areas and high pollution industries enhance the punitive role of environmental pollution financing. Regional environmental performance mainly affects the financing cost of green bonds through tax suppression mechanism and credit penalty mechanism, while third-party certification affects the financing cost of green bonds through tax relief mechanism and financing channel mechanism. This paper provides empirical evidence and policy inspiration for reducing the financing cost of issuing green bonds and promoting the perfection of the green bond system.
Seismic Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Principal Component Analysis And Support Vector Machine
Authors: Xu Ziyao , Che Ailan , Cao Yanbo , Zhang Fanghao
Published: September 2021

Seismic landslides are dangerous natural hazards, causing immense damage in terms of human lives and property. Susceptibility assessment of earthquake triggered landslide is the scientific premise and theoretical basis of disaster emergency management of engineering. The aim of this study is to applied the seismic landslide susceptibility model to Dayong Expressway in Chenghai area prone to frequent earthquakes. Support vector machine is used to establish the assessment model based on the data of 716 landslides caused by Ludian Ms6.5 earthquake in 2014. To improve the universality of the assessment model in different regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) is used for reducing the dimension of landslide conditioning factors and weaking difference of the regional characteristics between historical earthquake regions with Dayong expressway area. To applied the SVM model for seismic landslide susceptibility in Dayong Expressway region where the conditioning factors information is similar to Ludian area. Gutenberg-Richter model and Dieterich model are used to assume an earthquake in Chenghai area for landslide susceptibility assessment. Inverse distance weight (IDW) method is used for assessing the landslide risk class of Dayong Expressway. The results show that the “Very high” landslide susceptibility class account for 0.63% of Chenghai area. The seismic landslide has the most obvious impact on the middle 13 km section of Dayong expressway and this section account for 8.9% is defined as high-risk class. The study verifies the practicability of the seismic landslide susceptibility model based on machine learning and provides constructive reference for the susceptibility assessment of engineering facilities under earthquake.
The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Amaranthus Tricolor L. Under Cadmium Stress
Authors: Baniasadi Fatemeh , Arghavani Masoud , Saffari Vahid Reza , Mansouri Mehdi
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to appraise the crosstalk between sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as a source of nitric oxide (NO), and cadmium (Cd) toxicity on growth and physiological traits in Amaranth tricolor L. by using different multivariate statistical methods. The results showed that growth-related traits of A. tricolor were significantly reduced (p<0.05) under Cd stress. Contrarily, Cd treatments increased lipid peroxidation and reduced total protein content. Delving on the results of SNP application showed the suitability of its medium level (100 µM) on increasing the growth-related traits and also plant tolerance to Cd stress via lowering the lipid peroxidation and radical molecules production due to the higher activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Increasing the amount of Cd in roots and shoots, as the results of Cd treatment, reduced the growth and production of A. tricolor plants by high rates (over 50% in 60 mg kg-1 Cd level) indicating its susceptibility to high Cd toxicity. Contrarily, treating plants with NO showed no effect on shoot Cd content, while it significantly increased Cd allocation in the root, which might be attributable to the protective effect of NO on Cd toxicity by trapping Cd in the root. Subsequently, the application of a medium level of SNP (around 100 µM) is recommendable for A. tricolor plant to overcome the negative impacts of Cd toxicity.
Assessment of Aerosol Generating Events During the Nasopharyngeal Swabbing for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
Authors: Cismaru Cosmin-Andrei , Chira Sergiu , Cismaru Gabriel-Laurentiu , Nutu Andreea-Mihaela , Netea Mihai-Gheorghe , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana
Published: September 2021

Background: A variety of medical procedures are classified as aerosol generating. However there is no consensus on whether some procedures such as nasopharyngeal swabbing can generate aerosols. During specimen collection, the contact of the nasopharyngeal swab with the respiratory mucosa often triggers defense reflexes such as sneezing and coughing, which generate airborne particles. The accumulation and persistence of a viral load from infectious aerosols for hours after their generation can represent a threat for increased spread of infection. Methods: Prospective observational cohort study in individuals tested for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 from July to October 2020. Participants were evaluated for the occurrence of aerosol generating events (AGEs) triggered by the nasopharyngeal swabbing. We used descriptive statistics to analyze the data set and the chi-square test for AGE comparison between sexes. Results: Among 1239 individuals, we reported 264 in which AGEs were triggered by the specimen collection. 97 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, of which 20 presented AGEs. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of AGEs by age, but significant differences have been identified between sex and the occurrence of AGEs both in the SARS-CoV-2 negative and SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Conclusions: The risk of coughing or sneezing triggered by the nasopharyngeal swabbing was high among tested individuals. Testing facilities should ensure adequate availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) for the testing personnel, ensure appropriate ventilation of the rooms, and develop additional strategies to limit the risk of contamination of other participants to the testing session from potentially infectious and persistent aerosols.
Research on Health Evaluation and Operation and Maintenance Decision of Intelligent Distribution Network Based on Health Index Theory
Authors: yang yang
Published: September 2021

To solve the problems of dynamic state evaluation of large-scale distribution equipment and complex and changeable smart grid, and realize efficient planning, operation and maintenance. Based on the existing literature, this paper explores the distribution network health index theory and distribution network operation and maintenance strategy. The distribution network planning method based on health index is studied. Based on the existing power system research indexes, the suitable intelligent grid evaluation indexes are selected from the aspects of safety, economy, reliability and environmental protection, and an index system for comprehensive evaluation of smart distribution network health is selected. The critical characteristics of distribution network are classified, the indexes are established and the distribution network health grades are divided by analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method. In this paper, the evaluation method is used to calculate the health index, classify the health degree and generate the health degree image for seven lines in a 110kv substation in oil field. According to the optimal operation and maintenance strategy of distribution network based on health index theory, it provides a reliable basis for distribution network planning, construction, operation and maintenance.
Risk Factors for Early Seizure After Revascularization in Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Niu Hongchuan , Tan Cunxin , Jin Kehan , Duan Ran , Shi Guangchao , Wang Rong
Published: September 2021

Background
To investigate the risk factors of early seizure after revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).
Methods
A total of 298 patients with MMD diagnosed in our hospital from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. We summarized the characteristics of seizure after revascularization in patients with MMD and analyzed the predictors of early postoperative seizure.
Results
We identified 15 patients with MMD who developed seizures within 1 week after revascularization. According to logistic regression analysis, age (OR:1.04, 95% CI 0.998–1.086; P = 0.060), and infarct side (OR:1.92, 95% CI 0.856–4.290; P = 0.113) were not significantly associated with incident early seizure. Postoperative infarction (OR:12.89, 95% CI 4.198–39.525; P = 0.000) and preoperative cerebral infarction (OR:4.08, 95% CI 1.267–13.119; P = 0.018) were confirmed as risk factors for early seizure.
Conclusions
We believe that history of preoperative infarction and new infarction are independent risk factors of early seizure in patients with MMD after revascularization.
Lessons Learnt From Typhoons Fitow and In-Fa: Implications for Improving Urban Flood Resilience in Asian Coastal Cities
Authors: Chan Faith , Gu Xinbing , Qi Yunfei , Thadani Dimple R. , Chen David Yongqin , Lu Xiaohui , Li Lei , Griffiths James , Zhu Fangfang , Li Jianfeng , Chen Wendy Y.
Published: September 2021

Frequent typhoons are significantly affecting the coastal cities via intensive rainstorms, tidal surges and strong wind. Natural factors such as climate change and global sea-level rise come alongside anthropogenic factors such as rapid urbanisation and land use/land cover change leading to detrimental consequences such as urban floods. This short communication offers various lessons learnt by Ningbo municipality from two strong typhoons that hit the city directly, namely “Fitow” in 2013 and “In-Fa” in 2021. On the one hand, the usage of “Big Data” and “Social Media” for bettering “Preparation” and “Prevention” reduced flood impacts significantly. On the other hand, the implementation of “Flood Insurance” speed up the “Recovery” processes. The successful “Preparation”, “Response” and “Recovery” helped Ningbo to enhance its flood resilience, and thus substantial impacts of injuries, household damages and associated economic loss were avoided. These three key terms should be heeded in typhoon/flood governance in which various stakeholders are involved with, and be incorporated into the city’s long-term strategic development plans to merge with the climate actions towards 2030s and beyond. This will be vitally important in reducing climatic hazards and improving coastal flood resilience under the future climatic uncertainties in Asian coastal cities. (196 words)