bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persaingan Sesama Pengusaha Batu Nisan Di Tanah Grogot Kabupaten Paser Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Mahrida Mahrida , Mattiro Syahlan , Nur Rahmat
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persaingan yang terjadi diantara pengusaha batu nisan di Tanah Grogot Kabupaten Paser Kalimantan Timur dancara pengusaha menarik perhatian konsumen di Tanah Grogot Kabupaten Paser Kalimantan Timur.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kualitatif. Sumber data dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria Pengusaha batu nisan yang memiliki usaha yang lebih maju, menggeluti usaha batu nisan lebih dari 15 tahun, mempunyai nama besar sebagai juragan pengusaha batu nisan, memproduksi Batu Nisan sebulan kurang lebih 50 batu nisan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis hasil penelitian ini menggunakan langkahlangkah reduksi data dan verifikasi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Persaingan sesama pengusaha batu nisan yang terjadi dalam hal produksi, bentuk dari motif batu nisan, ciri khas batu nisan. masing-masing pengusaha bersaing dalam hal memproduksi bentuk bentuk batu nisan semenarik mungkin dengan memperhatikan kualitasnya. (2) Cara pengusaha menarik perhatian konsumen dengan melakukan pembaharuan motif- motif batu nisan yang dijual disetiap toko batu nisan.lalu memperlengkap produk motif motif batu nisan yang menjadikan ciri khas mereka yang membedakan antara satu dengan yanglain.disarankan kepada para pengusaha agar terus mengembangkan diri dengan ide-ide kreativ menciptakan inovasi dan hal-hal baru serta memliki rasa semangat yang tinggi agar menjadi pengusaha yang unggul, selalu menciptakan perhubungan yang baik kepada pelanggan agar terciptanya rasa percaya. Dan disarankan kepada mahasiswa yang ingin meneliti tentang persaingan agar sebaiknya lebih mengarah ke strategi atau sesama pengusaha
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS HOTS MATERI PERSAMAAN LINEAR UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA SMP
Authors: Maisarah Siti , Ansori Hidayah , Budiarti Indah
Published: January 2024

Pendidikan di Indonesia sejak lama telah mengutamakan adanya pembelajaran yang mengedepankan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi atau yang dikenal sebagai HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills). Namun nyatanya, masih terdapat beberapa peserta didik yang kesulitan dalam hal menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan mencipta apabila diberikan masalah kontekstual atas berbasis HOTS khususnya pada pembelajaran matematika. Dengan demikian, menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran yang valid sehingga layak digunakan untuk melatih kemampuan peserta didik dalam mengatasi masalah berbasis HOTS adalah tujuan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4D yang mencakup empat tahapan yakni pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (development), dan penyebaran (dissemination). Namun, penelitian pengembangan ini hanya dilakukan sampai tahapan pengembangan yakni mengembangkan LKPD berbasis HOTS dan menguji kevalidannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan lembar instrumen kevalidan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Produk dikatakan valid jika berada pada tingkat kevalidan cukup valid atau sangat valid yang mana validasi dilakukan oleh dua orang validator ahli. Berdasarkan lembar validasi yang diisi oleh validator ahli diperoleh hasil uji kevalidan dengan rata-rata sebesar 80,36% dengan tingkat kevalidan LKPD yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria cukup valid.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN PESERTA DIDIK SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR BERKONTEKS LINGKUNGAN LAHAN BASAH BERDASARKAN TAHAPAN NEWMAN
Authors: Santi Nyoman Yohane , Fajriah Noor , Hidayanto Taufiq
Published: January 2024

Menyelesaikan soal bangun ruang sisi datar merupakan salah satu aspek yang tidah mudah untuk dilakukan oleh peserta didik karena harus dapat memahami konsep dasar dan mengetahui terlebih dahulu mengenai rumus bangun ruang sisi datar. Selain itu, karena soal yang diberikan juga berkonteks lingkungan lahan basah maka peserta didik juga harus memiliki kemampuan lain seperti memahami soal bahkan sampai menentukan langkah/proses pengerjaan untuk dapat mengerjakan soal yang diberikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis kesalahan yang dapat dilakukan peserta didik dalam menyelesaikan soal berkonteks lingkungan lahan basah materi bangun ruang sisi datar berdasarkan tahapan Newman. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif. Responden dalam penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas VIII D SMP Negeri 3 Banjarmasin. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan dianalisis menggunakan statistika deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jenis kesalahan yang termasuk kategori sangat tinggi terjadi pada kesalahan transformasi (transformation errors), kesalahan memahami (comprehension errors), kesalahan keterampilan proses (process skills errors), dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir (ecoding errors). Selanjutnya siswa tidak mengalami kesalahan pada kesalahan membaca (reading erros)
Selective Recovery of Scandium (Sc) from Sulfate Solution of Bauxite Residue Leaching by Puromet МТS9580 Ion-exchange Sorption
Authors: Napol’skikh Julia , Shoppert Andrei , Loginova Irina , Kirillov Sergey , Valeev Dmitry
Published: January 2024

Rare earth elements (REEs) and Sc are concentrated in aluminum production byproducts. The novel REEs recovery approach, which involves leaching by acid at a pH > 3 in the presence of MgSO4, results in the formation of a pregnant leach solution (PLS) with a low concentration of iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti) and a large quantity of valuable elements. The ion exchange method was acknowledged as the most favorable method used to separate the REEs from PLS. This work studies the application of chelating resin Puromet МТS9580 in the sorption recovery of Sc from sulfate solutions. To analyze the static Sc sorption data, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were used. The Langmuir isotherm model was the best fitted to the experimental data, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.983. The dynamic adsorption experiment was conducted using a PLS and a simulate solution without contaminants. Adsorption of Sc from the simulate solution was better fitted to the Thomas model with a Sc capacity greater than 7 mg mL–1. Because Ti had a gradual decrease in C/C0, which the Thomas model was unable to simulate, the modified dose-response (MDR) model fitted better with PLS. The NaHCO3 solution (200 g L–1) effectively desorbed Sc (>98 %) from simulated and PLS solutions after 1.5 h of stirring in a batch mode.
Investigation into Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Subsequently Added Floors and Modeling of Connecting Joints
Authors: Shala Alush Ramadan , Bleiziffer Jelena
Published: January 2024

The size of the population and the need for residential spaces are increasing. One possible solution is to add new floors to existing buildings. The positive aspects of such a solution with respect to its socio-economic impact and impact on the environment is that large amounts of carbon dioxide release will be avoided, waste and its treatment will be reduced, and agricultural land and green spaces will be preserved. However, adding floors to existing structures might be structurally challenging, especially in terms of the behavior under seismic actions. This paper presents a numerical study of a reinforced concrete frame in an old building to which new floors are subsequently added. The analysis shows that the frame does not behave as a whole with the old part of the structure, nor does it behave the same as if it were made with rigid joints compared to additional ones connected using hinge joints. The change from the corner (knee) joint to the external joint has its own effect on the distribution of internal forces in the structure as a whole and in the joint in particular.
Multi-Elemental Analysis of Hair and Fingernails by ED-XRF without Sample Grinding and Mineralization
Authors: Mierzyńska Zofia , Niemirska Maria , Zgonina Kacper , Bieńkowski Tomasz , Hryniów Krzysztof , Świder Paweł , Pawlak Katarzyna
Published: January 2024

This work compares the multi-element analysis of human hair and nails using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with an easy, fast, cheap, non-destructive method using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDX-RF). The ICP-MS-based method was more sensitive (over 30 elements could be quantified) and costly (requiring more time, sample, and chemicals). The EDX-based method required laboratory and certified reference materials made of hair for instrument calibration. It was less sensitive (16 elements could be quantified: S, Si, Ca, Br, Fe, Cu, Cr, Mg, Si, K, Mn, Ni, Zn, Se, Sr, Pb), but it allowed to replace troublesome grinding with the dissolution of keratin-based material with alkalic agent (tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAH) and formation of stable for days pellets. The method is simple, enables automation, and, due to the modification of wells in the autosampler of the EDX system by immersion of home-designed inserts, it requires smaller amounts of biological material and binder (down to 70 mg instead of 500 mg required by commercially available instrument) to perform analysis. It was concluded that the EDX-based method offers complementary selectivity and sensitivity to ICP-MS with the possibility of the reuse of the sample for further analysis.
{GdIII7} and {GdIII14} Clusters Based on Rhodamine 6G Ligand with Magnetocaloric Effect
Authors: Miao Lin , Liu Cai-Ming , Kou Hui-Zhong
Published: January 2024

Heptanuclear {GdIII7} (complex 1) and tetradecanuclear {GdIII14} (complex 2) have been synthesized using a Rhodamine 6G ligand HL (Rhodamine 6G salicylaldehyde hydrazone) and characterized. Complex 1 has a rare disc-shaped structure, where the central Gd ion was connected to the peripheral six GdIII ions via CH3O-/μ3-OH- bridges. Complex 2 has an unexpected three-layer double sandwich structure with a rare μ6-O2- ion in the center of the cluster. Magnetic studies revealed that complex 1 exhibits a magnetic entropy change of 17.4 J kg−1 K−1 at 3 K and 5 T. On the other hand, complex 2 shows a higher magnetic entropy change of 22.3 J kg−1 K−1 at 2 K and 5 T.
Inferencing Space Travel Pricing from Mathematics of General Relativity Theory and Accounting Equation
Authors: Peng Kang-Lin , Xue Xunyue , Yu Liqiong , Ren Yixin
Published: January 2024

Generalized relativity theory represents the equivalence between the spatial geometric tensor and the energy-momentum tensor, explaining the principles of gravity and the motion of matter in spacetime. In the accounting equation of the supply side, assets equal to liabilities plus owner's equity can be used to explain space travel pricing through mathematical axiomatic set theory. Space travel pricing creates the equity premium effect on value-added assets with a short-term accounting equation inequality, then responds to the supplier’s incremental equity through closing accounts in a fixed financial period. On the demand side, the consumption of space travel can be assumed as a value at risk (VoR) investment to attain the specific spacetime curvature. Spacetime market equilibrium is then achieved to construct the space travel pricing model. The methodology of econophysics and analogy method were applied to infer the space travel pricing between the general relativity theory and the accounting equation. Results show that space travel pricing remains the principle of market equilibrium but needs to be extended to the spacetime scale.
A Case Report of Postpartum Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hu Feng , Lai Qianyao , Wu Yuansheng , Li Shumei , Chen Lianglong
Published: January 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pathophysiological condition characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and elevated vascular resistance, which may ultimately result in cardiovascular failure and sudden cardiac death. In recent years, the occurrence of pregnancy complicated by pulmonary arterial hypertension has witnessed a notable increase, whereas the incidence of postpartum pulmonary arterial hypertension is comparatively rare. This study presents a case involving a 39-year-old female who exhibited severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, finally diagnosed as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, within 2 days postpartum. The diagnosis was made following a thorough clinical examination. This case report emphasizes the significance of promptly initiating targeted therapy as an initial step in effectively managing patients and the criticality of conducting a thorough assessment of multidisciplinary collaboration in postpartum management. Furthermore, the report has the potential to enhance awareness and education regarding the future management of similarly intricate conditions.
Safety Evaluation of Monoplace Hyperbaric Chamber and Clinical Characteristics of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: LEE Hee Young , KIM Hyun , LEE Yoonsuk , PAIK Jin Hui
Published: January 2024

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a well-established treatment for carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. HBOT is performed in a hyperbaric chamber, which increases the atmosphere absolute (ATA) and oxygen concentration in the chamber. To ensure patient safety during HBOT, a gas monitoring system is used to monitor the oxygen levels, ATA, and other parameters. This study aims to perform the safety evaluation of the monoplace hyperbaric chamber compared to a gas monitoring system in the treatment of CO poisoning. In addition, it examined the clinical characteristics of the patients diagnosed with CO poisoning who performed HBOT. In the safety evaluation of the monoplace chamber, it was compared the values of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), humidity, and temperature were measured in the hyperbaric chamber and gas monitoring system when operating at 2.0 ATA and 3.0 ATA. Moreover, in the clinical characteristics of patients with CO poisoning who performed HBOT, 1,006 patients were analyzed by using the data registry. Under the condition at 3.0 ATA, the average CO2 was higher in the hyperbaric chamber than in the gas monitoring system (p<0.001). Also, the average humidity was higher in the hyperbaric chamber than in the gas monitoring system (p=0.004). Under the condition at 2.0 ATA, the average humidity was higher in the hyperbaric chamber than in the gas monitoring system (p<0.001). Also, the average temperature was lower in the hyperbaric chamber than in the gas monitoring system (p<0.001). The mean age of the 1,006 CO poisoning patients who received HBOT was 44.93±19.78 years. According to the source of CO, 680 patients (67.6%) visited ER most commonly due to charcoal. The median maximal CO exposure time and time from rescue to ER were 4.0 hours and 3.09 hours, respectively. The median GCS score at the scene or ER was 15. According to the underlying comorbidities, psychiatric diseases (19.5%) were the most common, followed by hypertension (18.1%) and diabetes mellitus (11.5%). In the emergency room, some patients had appeared symptoms such as loss of consciousness (59.8%), shock (6.7%), or seizure (8.3%). The results of this study could be expected that HBOT can be effectively performed by monitoring the gas concentration change inside the hyperbaric chamber.
Antibacterial Difference of Plant Flavonoids to Gram-Negative and -Positive Bacteria
Authors: Yan Yu , Xia Xuexue , Fatima Aiman , Zhang Li , Yuan Ganjun , Lian Fengxian , Wang Yu
Published: January 2024

The antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids have increasingly paid a more attention to. In our previous works, the antimicrobial quantitative structure-activity relationship was established for plant flavonoids against gram-positive bacteria, and its major action site was confirmed as the cell membrane. To understand the antimicrobial difference of plant flavonoids to gram-negative and -positive bacteria, here the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of thirty-seven plant flavonoids to Escherichia coli were determined using microdilution broth method, and then the correlation between their lipophilic parameter ACD/LogP or LogD7.40 values and their MICs were analyzed. Combined with those correlations analyses from forty-six plant flavonoids reported, the results showed that there is also correlation between their LogP values and MICs to Gram-negative bacteria, while it is difficult to predict the MIC of plant flavonoids against gram-negative from their lipophilic parameters like against Gram-positive bacteria. Simultaneously, the antibacterial activities of plant flavonoids to Gram-negative bacteria are generally weak. After compared the character of regression curves established from plant flavonoids against gram-negative and -positive bacteria, it was found that the antibacterial activities of most plant flavonoids to Gram-negative bacteria are greater than to Gram-positive bacteria when their LogP values are less than about 3.0, but less than which when their LogP values are more than about 3.6. Moreover, different from mainly acting on the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria, there are probably multiple action modes of plant flavonoids against Gram-negative bacteria, and among them the cell membrane is also an important action.
Robust EMPC-Based Frequency Adaptive Grid Voltage Sensorless Control for an LCL-Filtered Grid-Connected Inverter
Authors: Kim Yubin , Tran Thuy Vi , Kim Kyeong-Hwa
Published: January 2024

A robust explicit model predictive control (EMPC)-based frequency adaptive grid voltage sensorless control is developed for a grid-connected inverter (GCI) via a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach under the model parameter uncertainties and non-ideal grid environment. The control scheme is achieved by an enhanced prediction model rather than the conventional prediction model provided by fixed parameters to maintain the quality of grid currents injected into the grid when the model parameters are varied. Furthermore, an LMI-based observer is integrated with the disturbance observer to improve the reference tracking performance and reject disturbances. The proposed observer is employed for the grid frequency adaptive control without need of grid voltage sensors. The proposed current controller and observer employ the LMI scheme to maintain a stable and robust operation of the GCI. The discrete-time frequency response and pole-zero map analyses are used to investigate system stability and robustness against parameter uncertainties. Comprehensive simulation, experimental results and analyses clearly demonstrate the robustness of the proposed control scheme under various adverse test conditions with unexpected grid and system uncertainties.
On the Existence of Neutrinos
Authors: Sanctuary Bryan
Published: January 2024

We change the symmetry of the Weak Force from SU(2) to the quaternion group $Q_8$, and discuss the solution of the Dirac equation under this group. We find that spin spacetime separates into two complementary spaces: a spin polarization spacetime of even parity states, and a spin coherence space, in the $S^3$ hypersphere, of odd parity coherent states. The former gives a 2D Dirac equation, that is a disc of polarization, and the latter gives a unit quaternion that spins the disc. Under the quaternion group, spin is a boson of spin 1 in free flight and a fermion of spin $\frac{1}{2}$ when measured. Immediately we find that a beta electron is a boson and this obviates the need for neutrinos.
Anticorrosion Protection of New Composite Coating for Cobalt Based Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Solution Obtained by Electrodeposition Methods
Authors: Branzoi Florina , Mihai Alexandru , Zaki Mohamed Yassine
Published: January 2024

In this work, electrochemical deposition (galvanostatic and potentiostatic) techniques were used to obtain of new composite polymer: 3-methylpyrrole - sodium dodecyl sulfate/poly 2-methythiophene (P3MPY-SDS/P2MT) coatings on cobalt -based alloy sample for anticorrosion protection. The sodium dodecyl sulfate as a dopant ion used in electropolymerization practice can have a relevant effect at the anticorrosion protection of the composite polymer layer by blocking the entry of aggressive ions. The cobalt -based alloy substrate had an important influence on the electrochemical performance of the composite coating and this together with the presence of the polymeric layer was achieved by simultaneously formation of a complex oxides ﬁlm and polymeric layers. The polymeric coatings were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) methods. The corrosion protection of P3MPY-SDS/P2MT coated cobalt based alloy has been explored by potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) procedures in1 M HCl medium. The corrosion establishment of P3MPY-SDS/P2MT covered cobalt based alloy was observed to be ~10 times less than that uncoated specimen and the effectiveness of these composite layers of this coating is above than 90%. The superior efficacy is achieved by the electrochemical polymerization of P3MPY-SDS/P2MT obtained at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1mA/cm2 current densities and at 0.9V and 1.0V potential applied and in molar ratio 5:1. Corrosion tests result indicated that P3MPY-SDS/P2MT coatings provide good corrosion protection of cobalt -based alloy in aggressive environments.
Doxcycline post-exposure prophylaxis: are we using the correct method to assess for effect on antimicrobial resistance?
Authors: Vanbaelen Thibaut , Gestels Zina , Abdellati Said , De Baetselier Irith , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba , Kenyon Chris
Published: January 2024

Most recent studies of doxycycline PEP have assessed doxycycline's effect on antimicrobial resistance by measuring the proportion of colonies of the target species with AMR as the outcome measure. In this study, we show that this method is insufficiently sensitive to detect shifts in MIC distribution.
Systematic Aetiological Assessment of Myocarditis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Michel Vincent , Lazaro Estibaliz , Fauthoux Thomas , Cetran Laura , Contin-Bordes Cécile , Blanco Patrick , Seguy Benjamin , Baudinet Thomas , Coste Pierre , Gerbaud Edouard
Published: January 2024

Background: Myocarditis is commonly diagnosed in the intensive care cardiology unit (ICCU). No current recommendation nor guideline aids aetiological assessment. Methods: From September 2021 to October 2023, 84 patients with acute myocarditis underwent thorough and systematic serum and blood cell panel evaluations to determine the most common causes of the myocarditis. Results: Of the 84 patients (median age 34 years, range 22–41 years, 79% male), 16 presented with complicated myocarditis. The systematic aetiological assessment revealed that 36% of patients were positive for lupus anticoagulant, 12% for antinuclear antibodies, 8% for anti-heart antibodies, and 12% for anti-striated muscle antibodies. Viral serology did not yield any significant results. After the aetiological assessment, one patient was diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory disorder (Still’s disease). T-cell subset analyses indicated that myocarditis severity tended to increase with the T-cell lymphopenia status. Conclusions: A comprehensive, systematic aetiological assessment was of limited value in terms of predicting the clinical or therapeutic outcomes in myocarditis patients presenting to the ICCU.
A Critical Examination of the Standard Cosmological Model: Toward a Modified Framework for Explaining Cosmic Structure Formation and Evolution
Authors: Nyagisera Robert , Wamalwa Dismas Simiyu , Rapando Benard , Awino Celine , Mageto Maxwell
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we examine a modified Friedmann model designed to explain cosmic structures and late-time accelerated expansion of the universe, grounded in the spatial distribution of luminous matter. Through comprehensive simulations of our universe, we observe a notable surge in the formation rate of galaxies at redshift z≈1, characterized by a peak expansion rate in cosmic structures formed at z ≈0.9, reaching its zenith at z ≈2. Subsequently, a transition occurs before the onset of dark matter-induced accelerated expansion. The acceleration of the universe stands as an entrenched and virtually model-independent theoretical tenet, resilient to the ongoing debate surrounding the enigma of dark energy. A distinctive redshift transition zone marks the shift from cosmic deceleration to accelerated expansion. The transition is proportional to matter density and contingent upon the geometry of the universe. The influence of the cosmological constant on the evolution of cosmic structures in the CDM paradigm appears insufficient in curtailing the efficiency of late-time structure formation compared to the observed values in the modified model
Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage Sorption Assessment on Bentonites from Patagonia (Argentina)
Authors: Rodríguez-Ameijide Vanina , Maggio Andrea , Pozo Manuel , Gómez Ma. Belén , Naranjo Pablo M , Roca-Jalil Ma. Eugenia
Published: January 2024

In the northern Patagonian region of Argentina, there exist some of the largest bentonite deposits. Four bentonite samples (B1, B2, B3, and B4) from two deposits were thoroughly characterized and evaluated as potential adsorbents of anthocyanins extracted from red cabbage. Anthocyanins (ACy) are natural colourants obtained from fruits and plants and have shown excellent antioxidant properties that have promising applications in health. The adsorption of ACy onto bentonites enhances their stability relative to that observed in aqueous solutions. Material characterization showed that three of the samples are sodium bentonites (Na-bentonites: B2, B3, and B4), while the fourth exhibits a large quantity of magnesium and calcium in its interlayer, classifying it as a Mg-Ca-Na-bentonite (B1). Na-bentonites demonstrated higher ACy adsorption capacities, occurring through cation exchange while Mg-Ca-Na-bentonite adsorption occurs by another kind of interaction and a cooperative adsorption mechanism, resulting in the lowest ACy adsorption. The highest adsorption capacity was for B3, characterized by the highest smectite content, cation exchange capacity, and proportion of monovalent cations in its interlayer. Under the conditions studied, sodium smectites proved to be capable of retaining red cabbage ACy, there by introducing a novel avenue for potential applications of regional materials with potential implications for health-related uses.
Experimental Evaluation of a MIMO Radar Performance for ADAS Application
Authors: Dios Federico , Torres-Benito Sergio , Lazaro Jose Antonio , Casas Josep Ramon , Pinazo Jorge , Lerín Adolfo
Published: January 2024

Among the sensors necessary to equip vehicles with an autonomous driving system, there is a tacit agreement that cameras and some type of radar would be essential. The ability of radar to spatially locate objects (pedestrians, other vehicles, street furniture and traffic signs) makes it the most economical complement to the cameras in the visible spectrum, in order to give the correct depth to scenes. From the echoes obtained by the radar, some data fusion algorithm will try to locate each object in its correct place within the space surrounding the vehicle. In any case, the usefulness of the radar will be determined by several performance parameters, such as its aver-age error in distance, the maximum errors and the number of echoes per second it can provide. In this work we have tested experimentally the AWR1843 MIMO radar from Texas Instruments to measure those parameters.
Improvement in the Hydrogen Storage Properties of MgH2 by Adding NaAlH4
Authors: Kwak Young Jun , Song Myoung Youp , Lee Ki-Tae
Published: January 2024

Milled MgH2, NaAlH4, MgH2–10NaAlH4, MgH2–30NaAlH4, MgH2–50NaAlH4, and MgH2–2Ni-10NaAlH4 samples were prepared by milling in hydrogen atmosphere (reactive mechanical milling, RMM). Decomposition temperatures of milled MgH2, NaAlH4, MgH2–10NaAlH4, and MgH2–30NaAlH4 were examined in a Sieverts-type hydrogen-absorption and release apparatus, in which the hydrogen pressures were kept constant during hydrogen absorption or release. As the content of NaAlH4 in the sample increased, the temperature at the highest peak in the ratio of increase in Hr to increase in T, dHr/dT, versus T curve decreased. The higher content of NaAlH4 is believed to have made effects of reactive mechanical milling stronger. Effects of the NaAlH4 content on the temperatures of intermediate reactions were studied for MgH2 – NaAlH4 composites. Phase formation in the cycled MgH2–50NaAlH4 were investigated. The hydrogen-storage properties of MgH2–30NaAlH4 were compared with those of Mg-based alloys in which oxide, halides, or fluoride was added.
Analysis of Distance and Environmental Impact on UAV Acoustic Detection
Authors: Tejera-Berengue Diana , Zhu-Zhou FangFang , Utrilla-Manso Manuel , Gil-Pita Roberto , Rosa-Zurera Manuel
Published: January 2024

This study explores the dependence of drone acoustic detection systems performance on distance, using learning machines with different complexities, from simple linear discriminants, to deep neural networks, such as YAMNet, which exploits transfer learning. Other machine learning systems studied are the multilayer perceptron, support vector machines and random forest. These methods have been evaluated with a meticulously selected database that includes a wide variety of drone and interference sounds, previously processed by array signal processing and affected by ambient noise.
Two strategies for training learning machines are considered. In the first one, they are trained with unattenuated signals, trying to preserve the information generated by the sound sources, but they are tested considering the attenuation with distance, achieving effective detection at distances up to 200 metres with some methods, especially linear discriminant. In all cases, the existence of interferences that hinder detection is considered. In the second strategy, the systems are trained and tested with attenuated signals as a function of distance. The effective detection range increases up to 300 metres for most methods and up to 500 metres for the YAMNet based detector. In addition, this second approach raises the possibility of developing specialised detectors for each distance range, thus significantly extending the effective detection range. These results underline the promising potential of acoustic detection of drones at various distances, encouraging further exploration in this research area.
Progress in Lewis Acid Template-Mediated Diels-Alder Reaction
Authors: Ishihara Jun
Published: January 2024

Synthesis of natural products with complicated architecture often requires segments having the functional groups that can be structurally transformed with the desired stereogenic centers. Bicyclic ?-lactones have a great potential for a suitable segment for natural product synthesis. However, the stereoselective construction of such functionalized bicyclic ?-lactones is not as straightforward as one might expect. On the other hand, the Lewis acid template-mediated Diels-Alder reaction is one of the most powerful and versatile methods for providing bicyclic ?-lactones with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. In this reaction, the Lewis acid template activates the dienophile as well as linking the diene and dienophile by a temporary tether. Therefore, Diels-Alder reaction smoothly proceeds in a stereocontrolled manner, allowing a simple access to bicyclic ?-lactone as a valuable building block for the synthesis of complicated natural products. In this review, some highlights of the Lewis acid-mediated Diels-Alder reaction, along with its application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds are discussed.
Assessment of Ecosystem Service Value and Social Costs of Carbon Emissions in Island Ecosystems: A Case Study of Zhoushan Archipelago
Authors: Zhou Qian , Gui Feng , Zhao Benxuan , Liu Jingyi , Cai Huiwen , Xu Kaida , Zhao Sheng
Published: January 2024

Addressing the contemporary challenges of mitigating and adapting to climate change, conserving biodiversity, and ensuring human well-being constitutes a central focus for humanity. These challenges, though often treated in isolation, are intricately interconnected, sharing common drivers. Current and future research emphasizes the pursuit of an integrated approach that minimizes trade-offs and fosters synergies among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The nexus between ecosystem service value (ESV) and the social cost of carbon (SCC) is pivotal in informing national and governmental decisions regarding human well-being and climate change mitigation and adaptation, respectively. This study employs the Zhoushan Archipelago as a case study, exploring ESV and SCC dynamics from 2010 to 2020. An in-depth analysis of spatial development characteristics and the temporal and spatial correlation between ESV and SCC is conducted. The findings reveal an increase in Zhoushan Archipelago's land area from 2010 to 2015, stabilizing thereafter, with construction land exhibiting the most notable proportional growth. Carbon emissions were observed during the study period, with forests identified as the primary carbon sink, followed by mudflat and waterbody, while construction land contributed significantly to carbon emissions. Notably, the SCC in Zhoushan Archipelago increased by 2452%, contrasting with a modest 1.5% decrease in ESV during the study period. Global spatial correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between ESV and SCC in Zhoushan Archipelago throughout the study period, validated by passing the P-value test. However, local spatial correlation analysis revealed a specific nature of the global spatial correlation between ESV and SCC in the island area. This nuanced understanding enhances our comprehension of the intricacies surrounding ESV and SCC dynamics, contributing valuable insights to the broader discourse on sustainable regional development, economic decarbonization, and human well-being improvement.
Advantages of the Utilization of Wide-Field OCT and Wide-Field OCT Angiography in Clinical Practice
Authors: Gawęcki Maciej , Kiciński Krzysztof
Published: January 2024

Wide-field (WF) retinal imaging is becoming a standard diagnostic tool for diseases involving the retinal periphery. Technological progress elicited the advent of wide-field optical coherence tomography (WF-OCT) and WF-OCT angiography (WF-OCTA) examinations. This review presents the results of studies that analyzed the implementation of these procedures in clinical practice and refers to them as traditional and ultra-wide-field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA). The PUBMED search was performed using the terms WF-OCT OR WF-OCTA OR UWF-FA AND the specific clinical entity, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), Coats disease, peripheral retinal telangiectasia, peripheral retinal degeneration, lattice degeneration, and posterior vitreous detachment. The analysis only included the studies in which the analyzed field of view for the OCT or OCTA exam was larger than 55 degrees. The evaluation of the extracted studies indicates that WF imaging with OCT and OCTA provides substantial information on retinal disorders involving the retinal periphery. Vascular diseases, such as DR or RVO, can be reliably evaluated using WF-OCTA with results superior to standard-field fluorescein angiography. Nevertheless, UWF-FA provides a larger field of view and still has advantages over WF-OCTA concerning the evaluation of areas of non-perfusion and peripheral neovascularization. Detailed information on the vascular morphology of peripheral changes should be obtained via WF-OCTA, not angiographic examinations. WF-OCT can serve as a valuable tool for the detection and evaluation of vitreoretinal traction, posterior vitreous detachment, and peripheral retinal degeneration, and guide therapeutic decisions on a patient’s eligibility for surgical procedures.
The Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post Stroke Dysphagia, A Case Report
Authors: Ginting Suska Lara , Hambarsari Yetty , Danuaji Rivan , Hamidi Baarid Luqman
Published: January 2024

Background: A 72-year-old male, experiencing dysphagia and left-sided weakness for six months post-stroke, encountered challenges such as coughing and choking during the consumption of liquids and soft foods, along with a prolonged meal-swallowing process. Bilateral thrombotic infarction and left lateralization were revealed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
Case: The Gugging Swallowing Screening Scale (GUSS) assessment demonstrated severe impairment with a total score of 7, persisting despite conventional physiotherapy attempts to improve swallowing function. Subsequently, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was implemented, involving high-intensity stimulation in the ipsilesional hemisphere and low-intensity stimulation in the contralesional hemisphere. Remarkably, one month post-rTMS, the patient displayed significant progress, evidenced by an improved GUSS score of 15, indicating enhanced swallowing function.
Discussion: This case emphasizes the positive impact of bilateral rTMS hemispheric stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia. The strategic application of high-intensity ipsilesional and low-intensity contralesional stimulation emerged as an effective intervention for alleviating swallowing difficulties. These findings highlight the potential of rTMS as an innovative therapeutic approach for persistent dysphagia following a stroke.
Diameter Measurement for Micro-Spheres via Coherent Scanning Interferometry with Reference to Gauge Block
Authors: Michihata Masaki , Kadoya Shotaro , Takahashi Satoru
Published: January 2024

This paper describes a diameter measurement method for micro-spheres via coherent scanning interferometry (CSI) with a gauge block as the reference. The CSI system measures the height difference between the sphere and gauge block surface from both the front and back sides; then, the diameter is calculated from the measured heights via CSI and the gauge block length. For the glass sphere measured in this study, the diameter was found to be 270.556 µm with an uncertainty of 0.16 µm (k=2). Interestingly, by selecting a gauge block that matches the sphere diameter, the measurement uncertainty remained virtually unchanged, even for different sphere diameters; the proposed method achieved a relative uncertainty of 10-3–10-4. By utilizing the calibrated reference and the highly sensitive CSI system, and based on the comparator principle, the proposed method enables accurate diameter measurement without requiring specific measurement instruments.
Experimental In-Situ Observatory on Brownian Motion Behavior of 105 nm Sized Silica Particles During Chemical Mechanical Polishing of 4H-SiC by an Evanescent Field
Authors: Permpatdechakul Thitipat , Khajornrungruang Panart , Suzuki Keisuke , Blattler Aran , Inthiam Jiraphan
Published: January 2024

The experimentally observing optical systems for on-machine measurement have been developed to study on nano-polishing phenomena during the chemical mechanical polishing process, which is a wet process in semiconductor manufacturing. The developed optical system employs an evanescent field to selectively enhance exclusively the observatory of phenomena occurring on the surface being polished, offering a lateral resolving power of approximately 400 nm, in the slurry concentration of up to 5 wt% based on the numerical aperture of the objective lens. In addition, there is also the observability of 105 nm and down to 55 nm-sized silica particles without requiring additive fluorescence agents in or around the nano-particles, even when these particles are moving on surfaces such as silica glass or hard materials (silicon carbide: 4H-SiC). Consequently, the motion behavior of nano-particles disjoining with polishing pad asperity was explored and discussed, in this paper. Experimental results revealed that the polishing pad spatially constrains the movement of particles between the pad and the substrate surface, guiding them toward the surface being polished. During pad sliding, fluidically dragged nano-particles exhibit slower movement than the polishing pad sliding speed while retaining the Brownian motion. Furthermore, 105 nm-sized silica particles did not continuously approach to attach onto the SiC surface; the nano-particles approached in steps with reduced Brownian motion in all directions before attaching. This behavior can be attributed to the effects of van der Waals attraction and electrostatic repulsion forces between the particle and the substrate surfaces.
Designing a Model Predictive Controller for Displacement Control of Axial Piston Pump
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Inada Ryo , Ito Kazuhisa
Published: January 2024

Variable displacement hydraulic pumps are widely used for energy efficiency, and they often have a mechanical feedback mechanism to ensure target tracking control performance and stability of tilt angle control. Furthermore, there are many examples which add electronic control to realize higher tracking control performance. However, in such cases, the control performance is significantly affected by the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical feedback mechanism, and this problem prevent its widespread use. Additionally, tilt angle control is susceptible to changes in dynamic characteristics and load pressure depending on the operating point, and there are constraints on the tilt angle. Hence, high control performance cannot be obtained without considering these nonlinearities. In this study, the variable displacement pump without mechanical feedback mechanism is focused on, and the objective of this study is to design a displacement control system for a hydraulic pump based on a model predictive control (MPC) that can consider various constraints on the design step. An adaptive system, which handles changes in dynamic characteristics and the effects of load pressure, is introduced. Additionally, the control performance of adaptive MPC is compared to adaptive model matching-based MPC with inverse optimization that can optimally design the weight matrices of the evaluation function without trial and error. Furthermore, in order to improve the transient response, a variable control input constraints are added in these two control systems. Experimental results of control performance have shown that the proposed method achieved a high tracking performance and short settling time, which confirmed the effectiveness of the variable control input constraints.
Fundamental Study of Press Molding Method for CFRP Preform Using a 3D Printer
Authors: Tanaka Hidetake , Nishimura Yuuki , Ikari Tatsuki , Yilmaz Emir
Published: January 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is a composite material with high specific strength and is applied to transportation and aviation equipment. However, conventional processing methods require large-scale production apparatus or a high level of dexterity that only comes with extensive experience which makes it difficult to achieve high processing efficiency. The objective of this study is to develop a novel method for forming thermos-plastic CFRP (CFRTP) preforms implementing a 3D printer for press molding. Applying this method offers the advantage that continuous carbon fibers can be formed on a free-form surface. It also reduces the manufacturing time and operator skill required. The goal of this research is to establish a method for molding a free-form surface composed of continuous fibers by employing a 3D-printed preform designed to match the unfolded polygonised diagram of the free-form surface. Previous research introduced an unfolding approach for converting a three-dimensional shape to a plane surface based on a computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system, enabling the generation of an unfolding diagram that maintains the continuity of fiber tow. Furthermore, the validity of unfolded diagram was confirmed by reproducing the objective three-dimensional shape from the unfolded diagram using thermos-setting CPRP (CFRTS) tow prepreg. In this study, the viability of the proposed molding process using CFRTP preform fabricated by a 3D printer was verified and an assessment of the formability of the molded parts was conducted.
Radio frequency heating of washable conductive textiles for bacteria and virus inactivation
Authors: Oh Ju Hyun , Martinez Aimee , Cao Huaixuan , George Garrett , Cobb Jared , Sharma Poonam , Fassero Lauren , Arole Kailash , Carr Mary , Lovell K. , Shukla Jayanti , Saed Mohammad , Tandon Ritesh , Marquart Mary , Moores Lee , Green Micah
Published: January 2024

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has increased the use of single-use medical fabrics such as surgical masks, respirators, and other personal protective equipment (PPE), which have faced worldwide supply chain shortages. Reusable PPE is desirable in light of such shortages; however, the use of reusable PPE is largely restricted by the difficulty of rapid sterilization. In this work, we demonstrate successful bacterial and viral inactivation through remote and rapid radio frequency (RF) heating of conductive textiles. The RF heating behavior of conductive polymer-coated fabrics was measured for several different fabrics and coating compositions. Next, to determine the robustness and repeatability of this heating response, we investigated the textile’s RF heating response after multiple detergent washes. Finally, we show a rapid reduction of bacteria and virus by RF heating our conductive fabric. 99.9% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was removed from our conductive fabrics after only 10 min of RF heating; human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was completely sterilized after 5 min of RF heating. These results demonstrate that RF heating conductive polymercoated fabrics offer new opportunities for applications of conductive textiles in the medical and/or electronic fields.
Automatic Edge App placement for personalized heart attack predictions
Authors: Upadrista Venkatesh , Nazir Sajid , Tianfield Huaglory
Published: January 2024

Edge computing brings data processing, analytics and storage closer to the source, but the major limitation of edge devices is that they have limited processing power and storage. Some have argued that cloud can be a solution to overcome the edge computing limitations. However, performing all tasks on the cloud introduces latency issues. Therefore, we need a solution that can use edge and cloud computing intelligently and interchangeable such that the merits of both can be utilized based on the specific scenario. Such a model has not been discussed in the literature so far which poses a very important limitation. We proposed a novel architecture that intelligently switches data processing between the cloud and edge just-in-time based on specific conditions i.e., if a healthcare scenario demands low latency data is processed at the edge otherwise data is automatically processed on the cloud. We illustrate this by creating an Automatic edge application to monitor high risk cardiovascular disease patients who are at the risk of heart attacks after a post-operative surgery. Low latency is very important while monitoring such patients and the application is built to automatically detect all such cases and performs heart attack predictions on the edge while other patients data is processing on the cloud. The experimental results have demonstrated that our application can automatically detect high risk cardiovascular disease patients and place their workloads on the edge which is a new and unique invention in the area of automated edge computing. We have also demonstrated that the data retrieval from the edge is 55% faster than the cloud thereby ensuring low latency with edge.