bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Other Non-Concreta
Authors: Leftow Brian
Published: April 2022

Chapter 15 considers whether Platonic possible worlds or Williamson’s framework of necessary but contingently concrete objects provide acceptable accounts of a perfect being’s possible existence in worlds in which it does not exist. It argues that if there are Platonic worlds, they are explanatorily prior to any contingent perfect being, and take over a role it should have, as the most basic level of reality. It suggests briefly that Williamson’s overall framework is implausible. It further shows that for Williamson, a contingently concrete being must be contingently perfect. The author has argued elsewhere that a perfect being must be necessarily perfect.
The Invention of Custom
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca
Published: April 2022

The concept of customary international law, although differently formulated, was already present in early modern European debates on natural law and the law of nations. However, no scholarly monograph has addressed the relationship between custom and the European natural law and ius gentium tradition. This is a book on this neglected story, and offers a solid conceptual framework to contextualize and understand the ‘problematic of custom’, namely how to identify its normative content. Natural law doctrines, and the different ways in which they help construct human reason, provided custom with such normative content. ‘Normative content’ here means a set of fundamental moral values that foundationally help identify the status of custom as either a fundamental feature or an original source of ius gentium. Thus, the book explores what cultural values and practices facilitated the emergence of custom and rendered it a source of the law of nations, and how they did so. Two crucial issues will be at the core of the book’s analysis: first, it will qualify the nature of the interrelation between natural law and ius gentium and explain why it matters in relation to our understanding of the idea of custom; second, it will claim that the process of custom’s formation as a source of law calls into question the role of the authority of history. The interpretation of the past through this approach can, thus, be described as one of ‘invention’.
A Literary History of Custom: Hugo Grotius
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca
Published: April 2022

This chapter will claim that Grotius seeks to reconceptualize the notion of custom as a fundamental feature of ius gentium precisely by challenging the notion of voluntarism as applied to custom and instead radicalizing its spontaneous, natural value. A crucial role in this process of reconceptualization is played by Grotius’ reading of Dio Chrysostom, whose oration On custom provides him with an integrated account of custom as a ‘normative argumentative practice’. ‘Custom as normative practice’ means conduct that is embedded in and at the same time emerges from a practice of judgment carrying normative value, because it is shared by a number of interrelated social participants. Thus, Grotius conceives of custom as consisting of arguments (drawn from both poetry and classical history) that only prove themselves convincing insofar as they are spontaneously used within a community of (international) actors.
Custom in Concentric Circles: Samuel Pufendorf’s Customary ius gentium Between Glory and State Interests
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca
Published: April 2022

Pufendorf introduces a significant conceptual innovation in debates on customary ius gentium. This innovation consists in the acknowledgment of the importance of pragmatic state-interest-based considerations in the international life of states. Pufendorf makes the political argument that consensus among nations is dependent on the existence of a systema civitatum: namely, a political agreement of sovereign entities accepting the creation of a league and devoting some of their sovereign power to the administration of their external affairs. Thus, the ‘system of states’ doctrine also sets the conditions for customary ius gentium to emerge as an independent source of law. Pufendorf seems to suggest that whereas these specific agreements regulate interstate relations in times of peace, custom arises as a specific legal regime applicable to warfare. Although they are not binding, it is convenient to respect customs of war because they enhance the glory and honour of a sovereign.
Conclusion
Authors: Iurlaro Francesca
Published: April 2022

The main argument of this book is that, to reconstruct the development of custom as a source of law, it is necessary to think of the law of nations (ius gentium) as a historical discipline. Its analysis shows that the ‘turn to history’ is not just a recent trend in international legal scholarship; ius gentium itself was deeply dependent on the use of historical methods (and on the different temporalities they relied upon) to create legal arguments and techniques. The study of custom makes no exception to this. Authors of the natural law tradition invented customary rules of ius gentium within an open a dialogue with the past, a repository of principles and legal arguments that only needed to be unearthed and appropriated in the present. Thus, to think of custom as a process of historical invention might also offer a significant contribution to contemporary understandings of customary international law. The analysis of the different strategies through which jurists of the past invented custom unravels its fictional nature as a legal concept, and it exposes the belief-system based on which such jurists imagined it.
Capitalizing the Colonies
Authors: Wendorf Richard
Published: April 2022

Books printed in London were exported to the American colonies in large numbers, far surpassing the number of books printed in Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. Texts printed in the American colonies and the early republic also followed the pattern of moving towards the new style of printing around 1765. The evolution of the text of the Declaration of Independence reveals the complexities of this movement, however, for this document was written by Thomas Jefferson in a radically modern fashion and then printed by John Dunlap in the old style. It has been argued that Benjamin Franklin was responsible for this change, but that cannot be proven. The creation of the Articles of Confederation and of the US Constitution involved similar tensions between the old style and the new. Another important colony, Ireland, also imported large numbers of English books while also supporting many native printers, particularly in Dublin. Dublin imprints also adopted the new style by 1765.
Historical Correlatives
Authors: Wendorf Richard
Published: April 2022

This chapter examines other eighteenth-century cultural phenomena that may be considered correlative to the modernization of printing conventions. There are four major examples: the publication of Samuel Johnson’s dictionary in 1755, which attempted to provide set definitions, spelling, and pronunciation for words in the English language; the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1752, which placed Britain in synch with time-keeping on the continent and facilitated commerce and travel; the regulation of painted, hanging shop signs in London and the imposition of house numbers in Westminster beginning in 1762; and the evolution of the English language and of English prose, culminating in a more elegant, refined, and “written” form of prose than earlier in the century.
Historical Explanations
Authors: Wendorf Richard
Published: April 2022

This chapter begins by considering two practical matters. First, was it more efficient, and therefore less expensive, for printers to set an author’s text by using fewer capital letters? The answer is that this was marginally true, but that fewer words and the elimination of the long “s” produced more savings. Second, were English printers influenced by the examples of French printing? The answer is possibly so, and several examples of comparative French and English texts are provided. Four forms of standardization are then addressed: weights and measures, linguistic changes, the nature of printing, and modern economic theory that uses typewriter keyboards as its focal point. The nature of historical change and of correlatives is discussed in the context of the work of Michael Oakeshott, with an emphasis on the usefulness of historical analogues. Finally, a synthesis is offered of recent theory devoted to the selection of historical materials, the relationships that obtain among them, patterns and coherences that may be revealed, and turning points when historical change may be said to occur. The key figures here are Hayden White and Raymond Williams. The book posits the desire during the second half of the eighteenth century for the rationalization of knowledge and of the formal means by which it was represented, and it then focuses on the discourses of refinement, improvement, and standardization.
The Simple Care of a Hopeful Heart
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Unlearning
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
The Two Views . . . Both Are Real
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
The Good and the Bad
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Only 2 Minutes??? No Way! Yes, Way!!!
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
During Tough Times . . . You Owe It to Yourself!
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Images of Goodness
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
“Little” Moments That Bring Tears of Joy to My Life . . . Even Now
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
A Very Dangerous Fear
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Eat the Food . . . Not the Menu!
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
“The Future Is Not What It Used to Be”
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
You’ve Got an Attitude!
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Personality Styles
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
What You Already Know . . . Is the Problem
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Isn’t It Nice to Understand?
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Standing in the Darkness
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
A Refreshing Place of My Own
Authors: Wicks Robert J.
Published: April 2022

One of the greatest gifts people can enjoy and share with others is a sense of one’s own inner peace, but people can’t share what they don’t have. This book offers a succinct list of essential elements for effectively mentoring oneself—especially during difficult times. They are designed to help shape the right attitude (clarity balanced with kindness) toward improving self-exploration and enhancing personal understanding. Following this, 50 brief lessons and illustrative stories are offered with the belief that it is not the amount of darkness in the world or people that is crucial; it is how people stand in that darkness (having a healthy perspective) that makes all the difference. The main topics include unlearning, preventing loss of emotional energy, self-forgiveness, toxic compassion, detachment, posttraumatic growth, the four types of friends needed in a strong interpersonal network, and inhabiting and modeling unpopular strengths. Underlying the contents and philosophy of the book is that vulnerability cannot, and should not, be ignored, avoided, or escaped. Instead, it needs to be psychologically inhabited with a spirit of humility because when one takes knowledge and adds humility, one gets wisdom. And, when one takes this very wisdom and adds it to compassion—including self-compassion—one gets the love that is at the heart of a rich and caring life.
Introduction
Authors: Carten Alma J.
Published: April 2022

The introductory chapter notes the substantive influence of W. E. B. DuBois on the academic culture of the School and his continuing influence on contemporary black thought leaders, identifies targeted audiences and the continuing relevance of social work programs housed in the historically black colleges and universities, and clarifies the definition of the Afrocentric perspective as used by contemporary scholars and its alignment with social work’s ecological strengths-based perspective. Important lessons are identified that can be learned from an examination of the School in promoting the humanistic goals of the social work profession in meeting the ongoing challenges of and illusive quest for a more perfect union in what is often a socially unjust societal context.
The Scientific Heritage
Authors: Carten Alma J.
Published: April 2022

Social work’s ongoing quest for professional status began with the 1915 Flexner Speech, and continued with a struggle to achieve balance between micro and macro practice interventions. The Social Work Grand Challenges, a national initiative of the Academy of Social Work and Social Research, promoted an emphasis on science to meet the challenges of the 21st century. Mary Richmond’s publications explicated the casework method, and the Pittsburgh Survey and The Philadelphia Negro were early efforts to use science to advance informed and planful approaches for understanding and developing evidence-based interventions for solving the pressing social ills of the times.
Embracing the Black Experience
Authors: Carten Alma J.
Published: April 2022

In establishing context, this chapter examines the ways in which the system of enslavement continues to influence economic and well-being outcomes for black Atlantans. Events covered include the emergence of “Sweet Auburn Avenue,” the death of Booker T. Washington, and the elevation of DuBois as the leading voice of the black community. Consequential national events were the WWII, Great Depression, FDR’s New Deal and push-back from Georgia officials against on progressive reforms of the FDR administration intended to improve the conditions of blacks. The School moved forward under the directorships of E. Franklin Frazier and Forrester B. Washington, both of whom brought a strong black perspective to curriculum development.
Enduring Legacy of Whitney M. Young Jr.
Authors: Carten Alma J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter overviews the life of Whitney M. Young Jr. from his early years in Kentucky to the time of his accidental downing death in Lagos, Nigeria. The content covers his early experience with the Urban League as a social work student and administrator, his contributions to social work education as dean of the Atlanta University School of Social Work, and his work as Director of the National Urban League and member of “Big Six” of the Civil Rights movement who planned the March on Washington. The chapter details his rise to international acclaim as a civil rights leader and presidential advisor.
Entering into the Millennium and Beyond
Authors: Carten Alma J.
Published: April 2022

With the 1988 consolidation that brought the BSW program that had been housed at Clark College to the School, and the 1983 addition of the PhD program, the School now awarded the social work degree at all levels of the BSW, MSW, and PhD. Curriculum renewal during this period saw a shift from a from the generalist approach to the advanced clinical concentration, becoming again like all other schools of social work, a change that was influenced as much by the Council on Social Work Education’s reaffirmation requirements as by professional trends favoring micro practice. The “Republican Revolution” and the enactment of 1996 welfare reform bill resulted in the abandonment of the safety net philosophy, even as poverty rates soared upward. The aftermath of the election of America’s first African American president dispelled then myth of America as a post racial society, with resurgence of hate groups operating under a banner of white nationalism and white supremacy.
This Happy, Free, and Flourishing Country
Authors: Morales R. Isabela
Published: April 2022

Edmund Townsend, his brother Samuel, and other relatives migrated from Virginia to northern Alabama in the early 1800s, among the first white settlers to occupy land ceded by and seized from Native American tribes. The brothers purchased vast swathes of land for cotton cultivation and participated in the domestic slave trade by buying large numbers of enslaved people and relocating them west to Alabama. Both Edmund and Samuel sexually exploited the enslaved women they owned, fathering enslaved, mixed-race children who were legally their property. As their wealth grew and they became members of the slave-owning elite, the Townsend brothers witnessed and participated in Alabama’s transformation from the country’s western frontier to its Cotton Kingdom.
Wahhabism and Salafism in Global Perspective
Authors: DeLong-Bas Natana J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter provides a comparative analysis of the commonalities, differences, and range of perspectives between and within Wahhabism and Salafism, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Wahhabism and Salafism are delineated as theological reformist (islah), creedal (ʿaqida), political, and legal orientations united by a singular claimed methodology of scripturally centered interpretation rooted in tawhid and daʿwa, with outcomes ranging from personal expressions of meaning and modes of performativity, such as manner of dress, to social and/or political resistance (jihad), which may or may not include accusations of takfir and potentially violence. While certain broadly universal trends or markers can be identified as “Wahhabi” or “Salafi,” there remain particularities of ideas, concepts, and orientations that reflect local contexts and dynamics, including expanding women’s participation in the construction and transmission of religious knowledge, identity, and authority as daʿiyat. “Wahhabi” and “Salafi” are therefore best understood as categories of orientation with fluid boundaries, rather than fixed identities.
From Dirʿiyya to Riyadh
Authors: Anzalone Christopher , Qadhi Yasir
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores the rise of the Salafi movement and the dynamics of its popularity among a growing number of Sunni Muslims, chief among these being the impact of the Islamic University of Medina in Saudi Arabia, the preeminent Salafi higher institution of learning. The chapter also examines the ways that the university and Saudi religious diplomacy and soft power projection are shaped not only by the kingdom’s national interests but also by local dynamics in different countries where indigenous Salafi communities have emerged. The relationship between Saudi Salafism and local Salafisms is not unidirectional, but rather involves a multidirectional exchange of influences and relations.
Salafi Publishing and Contestation over Orthodoxy and Leadership in Sunni Islam
Authors: Hammond Andrew
Published: April 2022

This chapter looks at Salafi publishing and its critical role in the intense contestation among Islamic trends throughout the twentieth century over defining the Sunni mainstream and establishing orthodoxy. It demonstrates how the discourse of Salafism was formed in the crucible of rivalry with Islamic modernism (the followers of Muhammad ʿAbduh), the Muslim Brotherhood, and conservative traditionalists (such as Zahid al-Kawthari), largely through the efforts of the Syrian cleric Nasir al-Din al-Albani, who established a clear standard of belief and practice under the designation “Salafi.” With its veneration of the creedal positions of Ibn Taymiyya and rejection of Muslim juridical culture, Salafism evolved its novel approach through the medium of modern print culture. Its activities were focused on, but not restricted to, Saudi Arabia, where Wahhabism’s esteem for Ibn Taymiyya created fertile ground for collaboration. The chapter closes by surveying Salafi literature, its message, and its global reach.
Saudi Influence in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Nasritdinov Emil , Myrzabaev Mametbek
Published: April 2022

Kyrgyzstan is a post-Soviet country with a relatively liberal policy on religion compared to its Central Asian neighbors. This chapter studies how Saudi Arabia was able to explore this relatively open environment and find its place among other religious influences in the country. Building on interviews with Kyrgyz experts on religious issues, representatives of Saudi foundations, representatives of groups receiving money from such foundations, religious scholars, and local religious practitioners who follow the Salafi doctrine, this chapter explores the varied ways in which Saudi Arabia has influenced the religious landscape of Kyrgyzstan. It aims to describe the history of Saudi engagement with the Kyrgyz state and local population, to review the mechanisms of engagement and demographics of affected groups, and to study the local perception of Saudis and Saudi daʿwa.
“Working for a Living in the Land of Allah”
Authors: Kibria Nazli , Mohammed Zakaria Sultan
Published: April 2022

This chapter considers the growth of Wahhabism in Bangladesh, a Muslim-majority country with strong countervailing historical traditions of Sufism and secular nationalism. Bangladesh is an important source of foreign workers for Saudi Arabia, and those who return home are widely viewed as agents of religious change who bring back Saudi religious practices to their home communities. Drawing on the qualitative accounts of less-skilled Bangladeshi labor migrants about their religious experiences in Saudi Arabia and after their return home, the authors find labor migration to be both an important and contested channel of Saudi influence. Depending on job histories, gender, and other differences, Saudi migration episodes shape the religious understandings and identities of Bangladeshis in varied ways. These differences are reflected in how migrants position themselves in the religious fields of their home communities in Bangladesh.
Les Mistons (1958)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

Truffaut’s first feature as an author is an 18-minute movie that can be read as a maquette of the films to come. Based on a short story, it uses the literary text into a voice-over. The narrative—five boys fascinated by a young woman—deals with the collusion between desire and death. A hymn to feminine grace and beauty, the film also points to the objectification of woman’s body. Shot-by-shot analysis: The boys spying on the heroin while she bathes in a river.
The 400 Blows (1959)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

In this directly autobiographical film, Truffaut transposes the real-life secret of his illegitimate birth by the maternal adultery. After a fateful encounter in the streets with his mother, who is embracing her lover, Antoine Doinel experiences a progressive familial and social exclusion declined in a pseudo naturalistic style. In fact, the story is carried along by the power of an exceptionally effective metaphoric vision inscribed in the visual components. Shot by shot analysis: While roaming the streets with his friend, Antoine Doinel sees his mother with her lover; she, too, sees him.
The Wild Child (1970)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

Based on historical documents, the film describes the attempts of Itard, a scientist played by Truffaut, to teach language to a wild child. It covers the semiological debate that was current in the 70s’ about the origins of language. The analysis follows the sober and condensed codification manifest in the film, which marks a turning point in Truffaut’s stylistic evolution. Shot by shot analysis: At night, from inside the house, Itard watches at night the child under the moon.
Day for Night (1973)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

Day for Night won an Oscar for Truffaut and marks the return of his films to box-office. It is the beginning of a new creative period that will produce a series of masterpieces. In Day for Night, Truffaut, in the role of a film director, confronts all the many difficulties of shooting a fiction film. The subtext is particularly rich and complex. Under the mask of a light comedy, Day for Night actually offers a profound meditation on creativity from the elation it can engender to its darker, more conflictual realities. Shot-by-shot analysis: The film director’s three dreams linking the creative impulse to delinquency and infirmity.
Small Change (1976)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

In this film, Truffaut captures the dynamics among a group of young children. The plot is structured around the complementary of two of them: a blond boy prone to love infatuations and another, dark-haired, who is abused. The style of the film can be read as bilingual and accessible to both children and adult viewers. As in The Wild Child the film explores the complexities of language and a large spectrum of modes of communications. Shot-by-shot analysis: The blond boy’s silent adoration of the mother of one of his schoolmates while she served him a Rabelaisian dinner.
Love on the Run (1979)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

The last film of the Doinel saga contains an 18 minute montage of excerpts from the whole series. These visual flashbacks confer a unique value to the narrative. Strangely enough, this light comedy contains a subplot dealing with the death of a child. This is one of Truffaut’s least favourite films. Shot-by-shot analysis: Antoine Doinel’s encounter with his mother’s lover from The 400 Blows. Their conversation offers a complex new image of Madame Doinel.
Confidentially Yours (1983)
Authors: Gillain Anne
Published: April 2022

A light comedy adapted from a detective novel by Charles Williams and shot in black and white, this film is packed with references to Truffaut’s previous works. The disjointed and whimsical narrative is also replete with visual and verbal puns. Once again the hero is locked in a cave while the female lead, played by Fanny Ardant, roams the street. The striking photography, décor and costumes are reminiscent of Hollywood classical films. Shot by shot analysis: In a scene full of disquieting elements that reveal the dark overtones of this comedy, Fanny Ardant discovers the hidden truth.