bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Strip-Type Microthrottle Pump: Modeling, Design and Fabrication
Authors: Pečar Borut , Vrtačnik Danilo , Resnik Drago , Možek Matej , Aljančič Uroš , Dolžan Tine , Amon Slavko , Križaj Dejan
Published: March 2013

A novel design for a strip-type microthrottle pump with a rectangular actuator geometry is proposed, with more efficient chip surface consumption compared to existing micropumps with circular actuators. Due to the complex structure and operation of the proposed device, determination of detailed structural parameters is essential. Therefore, we developed an advanced, fully coupled 3D electro-fluid-solid mechanics simulation model in COMSOL that includes fluid inertial effects and a hyperelastic model for PDMS and no-slip boundary condition in fluid-wall interface. Numerical simulation resulted in accurate virtual prototyping of the proposed device only after inclusion of all mentioned effects. Here, we provide analysis of device operation at various frequencies which describes the basic pumping effects, role of excitation amplitude and backpressure and provides optimization of critical design parameters such as optimal position and height of the microthrottles. Micropump prototypes were then fabricated and characterized. Measured characteristics proved expected micropump operation, achieving maximal flow-rate 0.43 mL·min−1 and maximal backpressure 12.4 kPa at 300 V excitation. Good agreement between simulation and measurements on fabricated devices confirmed the correctness of the developed simulation model.
Coastal Innovation Paradox
Authors: Glavovic Bruce
Published: March 2013

Coasts are the primary habitat for humanity. Throughout history, coastal cities and towns have been a crucible for innovation. However, business and technological innovations imperil coastal communities, because prevailing practices are unsustainable. Consequently, coasts are the frontline in humanity’s endeavour to learn to live sustainably in the face of global change. Governance innovations have done little to stem the tide of unsustainable coastal activities. Paradoxically, innovation is necessary to navigate a way out of the vulnerability trap that past innovation has unwittingly set. This is the first of two articles that examine, in turn, the coastal innovation paradox and the coastal innovation imperative. This article explains the coastal problématique and innovation paradox. Then, the nature and dimensions of innovation are outlined. Notwithstanding wholesale innovations in governance and public sector management, the sustainability crisis is deepening. Why is it so difficult to mobilize effective collective action for coastal sustainability? Locating coastal management within the wider milieu of evolving and multi-layered governance helps to answer this question. Resolving the coastal innovation paradox necessitates coherent innovation across governance episodes, processes and cultures. The second article posits a transformative foundation of deliberative coastal governance to foster innovation and facilitate the transition to coastal sustainability.
Coastal Innovation Imperative
Authors: Glavovic Bruce
Published: March 2013

This is the second of two articles that explores the coastal innovation paradox and imperative. Paradoxically, innovation is necessary to escape the vulnerability trap created by past innovations that have degraded coastal ecosystems and imperil coastal livelihoods. The innovation imperative is to reframe and underpin business and technology with coherent governance innovations that lead to social transformation for coastal sustainability. How might coastal management help to facilitate this transition? It is argued that coastal management needs to be reconceptualised as a transformative practice of deliberative coastal governance. A foundation comprising four deliberative or process outcomes is posited. The point of departure is to build human and social capital through issue learning and improved democratic attitudes and skills. Attention then shifts to facilitating community-oriented action and improving institutional capacity and decision-making. Together, these endeavours enable improved community problem-solving. The ultimate process goal is to build more collaborative communities. Instituting transformative deliberative coastal governance will help to stimulate innovations that chart new sustainability pathways and help to resolve the coastal problems. This framework could be adapted and applied in other geographical settings.
Adapt or Perish: A Review of Planning Approaches for Adaptation under Deep Uncertainty
Authors: Walker Warren , Haasnoot Marjolijn , Kwakkel Jan
Published: March 2013

There is increasing interest in long-term plans that can adapt to changing situations under conditions of deep uncertainty. We argue that a sustainable plan should not only achieve economic, environmental, and social objectives, but should be robust and able to be adapted over time to (unforeseen) future conditions. Large numbers of papers dealing with robustness and adaptive plans have begun to appear, but the literature is fragmented. The papers appear in disparate journals, and deal with a wide variety of policy domains. This paper (1) describes and compares a family of related conceptual approaches to designing a sustainable plan, and (2) describes several computational tools supporting these approaches. The conceptual approaches all have their roots in an approach to long-term planning called Assumption-Based Planning. Guiding principles for the design of a sustainable adaptive plan are: explore a wide variety of relevant uncertainties, connect short-term targets to long-term goals over time, commit to short-term actions while keeping options open, and continuously monitor the world and take actions if necessary. A key computational tool across the conceptual approaches is a fast, simple (policy analysis) model that is used to make large numbers of runs, in order to explore the full range of uncertainties and to identify situations in which the plan would fail.
Sustainable Leadership: Leadership from the Heart. By Steen Hildebrandt and Michael Stubberup, Copenhagen Press, 2012; 280 Pages. Price $29.99, ISBN 978-87-7853-207-7
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: March 2013

We must develop a serious approach to the fact that emotions, thoughts, assessments, and decisions originate in the mind, and as such are firmly based in human beings. We sense, experience, and act on the basis of internal processes, but which criteria constitute the basis of these processes and how does the internal “control system”, which we all have, function? Moreover, we need to take a closer look at the ways in which the organic and sustainable mechanisms of our living organisms are optimized and explicated. Otto Scharmer calls this process going from ego-system-awareness to eco-system-awareness. These are some of the questions which are at the heart of this book.
Swedish Upper Secondary School Students’ Conceptions of Negative Environmental Impact and Pricing
Authors: Ignell Caroline , Davies Peter , Lundholm Cecilia
Published: March 2013

This study explores relationships between upper secondary school students’ understanding of prices and environmental impacts. The study uses responses from 110 students to problems in which they were asked to explain differences in prices and also to express and justify opinions on what should be the difference in prices. Very few students expressed an environmental dimension in their understanding of price. A few students suggested that environmental impact influenced price by raising demand for “Environmentally friendly products”. A few students suggested that ‘environmentally friendly products’ had higher prices because they were more costly to produce. We found no examples of students combining both lines of explanation. However, nearly half of the students believed that prices should reflect environmental effects, and this reasoning was divided between cases where the point was justified by a broad environmental motivation and cases where the point was justified in relation to incentives–to get consumers to act in a more environmentally friendly way.
Hydrogen-plasma-induced magnetocrystalline anisotropy ordering in self-assembled magnetic nanoparticle monolayers
Authors: Weddemann Alexander , Meyer Judith , Regtmeier Anna , Janzen Irina , Akemeier Dieter , Hütten Andreas
Published: March 2013

Self-assembled two-dimensional arrays of either 14 nm hcp-Co or 6 nm ε-Co particle components were treated by hydrogen plasma for various exposure times. A change of hysteretic sample behavior depending on the treatment duration is reported, which can be divided in two time scales: oxygen reduction increases the particle magnetization during the first 20 min, which is followed by an alteration of the magnetic response shape. The latter depends on the respective particle species. Based on the Landau–Lifshitz equations for a discrete set of magnetic moments, we propose a model that relates the change of the hysteresis loops to a dipole-driven ordering of the magnetocrystalline easy axes within the particle plane due to the high spatial aspect ratio of the system.
Efficient Cu-catalyzed base-free C–S coupling under conventional and microwave heating. A simple access to S-heterocycles and sulfides
Authors: Soria-Castro Silvia M , Peñéñory Alicia B
Published: March 2013

S-aryl thioacetates can be prepared by reaction of inexpensive potassium thioacetate with both electron-rich and electron-poor aryl iodides under a base-free copper/ligand catalytic system. CuI as copper source affords S-aryl thioacetates in good to excellent yields, by using 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand in toluene at 100 °C after 24 h. Under microwave irradiation the time was drastically reduced to 2 h. Both procedures are simple and involve a low-cost catalytic system. This methodology was also applied to the “one-pot” synthesis of target heterocycles, such as 3H-benzo[c][1,2]dithiol-3-one and 2-methylbenzothiazole, alkyl aryl sulfides, diaryl disulfides and asymmetric diaryl sulfides in good yields.
Presentation of Renal Disease in Children
Authors: Barakat Amin J.
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Review the modes of presentation of renal disease in children.

2.

Understand the role of the pediatrician in the management of children with renal disease.

3.

Outline the reasons for patient referral to the pediatric nephrologist.

Renal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children.
1–3
Chronic kidney disease stage 5, previously referred to as end-stage renal disease, occurs in about 9 to 10 children per 1 million annually.
Urinalysis Interpretation for Pediatricians
Authors: Kaplan Bernard S. , Pradhan Madhura
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Cost-effectively evaluate microscopic hematuria and proteinuria.

2.

Recognize important conditions associated with isolated microscopic hematuria.

3.

Review important conditions associated with asymptomatic proteinuria.

Urinalysis is usually a two-step process: the urine dipstick test is followed, if warranted, by using microscopy to examine the spun sediment from the specimen. Urine specimens are sent to diagnostic laboratories for analysis because microscopes are now rarely used by practitioners. This may result in lysis of cells and imprecision in reporting of casts; the practitioner may not know whether red blood cell casts are present because the type of cast is rarely commented on.
A Review of Guidelines for Urinary Tract Infections in Children Younger than 2 Years
Authors: Tullus Kjell
Published: March 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Review recent guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in children younger than 2 years.

2.

Review recent recommendations for imaging children with urinary tract infection.

3.

Understand rationale for recent treatment recommendations and prophylaxis of children with urinary tract infection.

The management of children with a febrile urinary tract infection seems like a simple topic. However, it is one of the most controversial areas in pediatrics, and over the past decade has seen major developments.
Your very first ESP text (wherein Chaucer explaineth the astrolabe)
Authors: Banks David
Published: March 2013

Treatise on the Astrolabe de Chaucer est un texte scientifique, mais il s’adresse à un enfant et doit être comparé uniquement à des textes similaires. Il comprend une description de l’astrolabe et son mode d’emploi. Chaucer utilise peu la métaphore grammaticale, mais un texte moderne comparable n’en utilise pas davantage. Il emploie quelques formes passives, mais avec des procédés différents de ceux d’un texte moderne. Il utilise des pronoms personnels mais pas de la même façon que le ferait un texte moderne. Son mode d’emploi a une forme syntaxique apparemment moderne, mais les procédés sont différents par rapport à un équivalent actuel.
Progression of choroidal metastasis of ovarian serous cystoadenocarcinoma after intravitreal bevacizumab treatment
Authors: Kuo Irene C. , Sambuelli Ruben H. , Bono Javier , Smith Ricardo J. , Reviglio Victor E.
Published: March 2013

A 57-year-old woman presented to her ophthalmologist because of rapid deterioration in vision. Dilated funduscopic examination of the right eye showed an elevated, yellow-orange choroidal mass temporal to the fovea; a complete retinal detachment was present in the left eye. The patient was referred to an oncologist. Computerized tomography of the brain, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis were obtained. They revealed an 11-mm mass in the right parietal lobe, a 30-mm mass in the left temporal lobe, 23-mm mass in the right kidney, and multiple nodules in both lungs. Supported by published experience with intravitreal bevacizumab for choroidal metastasis, the patient was injected into the vitreous through the pars plana of the left eye. The tumor mass did not show signs of regression and the visual acuity was unchanged. The patient suffered from end-state complications tumor metastasis and expired one month after the invitreal injection.
Why Old Testament prophecy is philosophically
Authors: Gericke Jacobus W.
Published: March 2013

Comparative philosophical perspectives on Old Testament predictive prophecy are rare. Yet whilst the Old Testament is not explicit in its views on the relation between God and time, its narratives do contain implicit metaphysical assumptions regarding the nature of divine foreknowledge. In this article the author listed a standard variety of possible perspectives on how one might construe the way in which YHWH as depicted in Genesis 15:12–16 was thought of with regard to his knowledge of the future, if any. Not opting for any particular view on the matter, especially given that most are anachronistic, the implications and problems of each are noted to show why Old Testament prophecy can also be philosophically interesting.
An African hermeneutic reading of Luke 9:18–22 in relation to conflict and leadership in pastoral ministry: The Cameroonian context
Authors: Nyiawung Mbengu D. , Van Eck Ernest
Published: March 2013

The practice of ministry is an intricate issue which involves the combination of individual efforts from diverse backgrounds. This diversity has been a breeding ground for conflict between the clergy and all the stakeholders involved in parish administration. This article attempted to highlight some of these conflicts, using the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon as a case study. The approach employed is an African hermeneutic reading of Luke 9:18–22 in which the clergy’s leadership has been likened to that of Jesus. The presence of many distracting agents did not perturb Jesus’ ministry instead, he remained focused. Conclusively, it is observed that the clergy often face conflict within the ministry because they ignore the fact that (1) they are expected to know their mission better than anyone else; (2) the diverse backgrounds of their followers are potential causes of conflict; and (3) there are several distracting agents within the ministry. In short, Jesus’ model of conflict management is recommended to the clergy for an effective pastoral ministry.
Construction of an artificial recombinant bicistronic plasmid DNA vaccine against porcine rotavirus
Authors: Cui Tingting , Xiong Jun , Wang Yongzhi , Wen Xintian , Huang Xiaobo , Huang Yong , Ma Xiaoping , Hu Zhongkai , Zhao Qin , Cao Sanjie
Published: March 2013

The attenuated Salmonella typhimurium χ4550 strain was used to harbour a reconstructed bicistronic DNA vaccine against porcine rotavirus, which carried the rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) and VP7 genes simultaneously. Using a balanced lethal system, the kanamycin resistance gene of expressing eukaryotic plasmids pVAX1 and pVAXD were replaced by the aspartate β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asd) gene. The NSP4 cleavage product (259–525) of rotavirus OSU strain and VP7 full-length genes were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then inserted into the eukaryotic single-expression plasmid, pVAX1-asd, and the eukaryotic dual-expression plasmid, pVAXD-asd, respectively. The recombinant plasmids pVAX1-asd-NSP4, pVAX1-asd-VP7 and pVAXD-asd-NSP4-VP7 were transformed into the attenuated S. typhimurium χ4550 strain by electrotransformation. An indirect immunofluorescence assay of the expressed COS-7 cell suggested that the recombinant S. typhimurium χ4550 strain was constructed successfully. The recombinant S. typhimurium χ4550 strain was orally administered to BALB/c mice. The group immunised with dual- expression plasmids produced a significantly higher level of serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) than the group immunised with single-expression plasmids. These results indicated that eukaryotic bicistronic plasmid DNA vaccines could be successfully constructed to enhance humoural, mucosal and cellular immune response against rotavirus infection.
Haemophilia amongst the descendants of Queen Victoria.
Authors: Retief Francois P. , Wessels André , Cilliers Johan F.G.
Published: March 2013

This study discusses the impact of ‘Victorian haemophilia’ on the royal houses of Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. Haemophilia as a molecular defect is explained and the clinical picture of the condition is indicated. Applicable therapeutic interventions also receive attention. Next, an historical review is provided of how ‘Victorian haemophilia’ spread from Queen Victoria (British monarch, 1837–1901) via some of her daughters to other members of the British royal family and also to the royal houses of Germany, Russia and Spain. Eleven confirmed cases of haemophilia amongst the descendants of Queen Victoria are mentioned, as well as three other possible cases. The effect of haemophilia on the course of history is also investigated.
A Case of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome Complicated by Appendicitis Conservatively Treated with Antibiotics
Authors: Kazama Itsuro , Nakajima Toshiyuki
Published: March 2013

A 27-year-old woman developed a low grade fever and increased vaginal discharge that persisted for 2 weeks. Intermittent abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant had been experienced over the previous few days. Due to her clinical manifestations and typical abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings, including hepatic capsular enhancement and hepatomegaly, a diagnosis of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome was made. The early empirical use of antibiotics, azithromycin and levofloxacin, partially improved her symptoms. However, the low grade fever persisted and additional abdominal pain developed in the right lower quadrant. Based on the radiological evidence of an enlarged appendix with wall thickening, a diagnosis of appendicitis was additionally made, which was thought to occur secondarily to the genital tract infection. Following the administration of antibiotics ceftriaxone and cefditoren pivoxil, her symptoms were completely resolved without the need for any surgical intervention. Here, we report the first case of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome complicated by appendicitis, which was conservatively managed with antibiotic treatment alone. In this case, the overgrowth of pathogens within the genital tract and their direct penetration into the appendix was thought to be responsible for the development of appendicitis.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma: A Report of a Case with a Blend of Atypical Features
Authors: Ibrahim Firyal A. , Omri Halima El , Taha Ruba Y. , Hijji Ibrahim Al , ElKhalifa Mohamad , Sabbagh Ahmad Al
Published: March 2013

Mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive B-cell neoplasm with special clinical and pathological characteristics. As the morphological variants of mantle cell lymphoma are currently acknowledged, a practical challenge for achieving the correct diagnosis is encountered especially when the cytogenetic/molecular data are not widely available. Here we describe a case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) presented with a blend of atypical clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic features that led to an incorrect diagnosis of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL).
Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinumL.)
Authors: Sharma Shivali , Upadhyaya H. D. , Gowda C. L. L. , Kumar Shiv , Singh Sube
Published: March 2013

Sharma, S., Upadhyaya, H. D., Gowda, C. L. L., Kumar, S. and Singh, S. 2013. Genetic analysis for seed size in three crosses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 387–395. Seed size (determined by 100-seed weight) is an important component of trade and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The present investigation was undertaken to study the possibility of maternal inheritance for seed size and to estimate relative importance of additive and non-additive gene effects on seed size in three chickpea crosses involving two desi (ICC 5002 and ICC 7672) and two kabuli (ICC 11255 and ICC 17109) genotypes. The study included parents, F1, F2, backcross generations, and their reciprocals. Differences in the reciprocal mean 100-seed weight of F1, F2, and backcross generations were not detected in any cross. No definite major gene segregation pattern was observed in the F2generation, and the continuous variation observed indicated quantitative inheritance. Generation mean analysis indicated the presence of additive gene effects controlling seed size in three crosses. Additive×additive type of non-allelic interactions were found significant in desi×kabuli crosses, ICC 5002×ICC 17109 and ICC 7672×ICC 11255. The selection and breeding procedure may be modified for maximum exploitation of the fixable additive×additive epistasis by delaying selection in later generations and by maintaining large populations prior to selection for maximum recombination of genes to occur.
Night-time warming affects N and P dynamics and productivity of winter wheat plants
Authors: Zhang Yaohong , Li Renying , Wang Yanling
Published: March 2013

Zhang, Y., Li, R. and Wang, Y. 2013. Night-time warming affects N and P dynamics and productivity of winter wheat plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 397–406. The daily night-time temperature has currently increased faster than the daily daytime temperature over much of the Earth's surface. To understand how night-time warming affects the dynamics of winter wheat performance, open-field experiments, in which temperatures were elevated by covering the plots at night with reflective curtains, were conducted in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons. The results show that, on average, night-time temperatures increased by 0.9°C under night-time covered (NC) treatment compared with the uncovered (CK). Plant total N accumulation was 17–43% higher in NC treatment than CK during the jointing, anthesis and ripening stages, whereas plant total P was affected by NC treatment depending on growing stage. Night-time covered treatment substantially decreased N translocation efficiency, leading to more N retained in plant stems during grain filling. Although P translocated to grain was 29–41% higher in NC plots than CK plots, NC treatment decreased post-anthesis P uptake by 27–41%, depending on the growing season, resulting in evident reduction of P harvest index and P utilization efficiency. When night-time temperature increased, grain yield was reduced by 6–25% due to a combination of decreased productive spikes, a lower number of kernels per spike and reduced weight of grain per kernel.
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to mixtures of herbicides and fungicides applied at different timings
Authors: Robinson Melody A. , Cowbrough Michael J. , Sikkema Peter H. , Tardif François J.
Published: March 2013

Robinson, M. A., Cowbrough, M. J., Sikkema, P. H. and Tardif, F. J. 2013. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to mixtures of herbicides and fungicides applied at different timings. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 491–501. Farmers commonly tank-mix herbicides and fungicides to reduce application costs. In the spring of 2008, there were reports of winter wheat injury with the application of herbicide–fungicide tank-mixes early in the growing season. This study was established to determine the tolerance of winter wheat to herbicide–fungicide mixtures as influenced by time of application. Field studies were conducted at four Ontario locations in 2009 and 2010 with three herbicides and four fungicides. Herbicide–fungicide tank-mixes were applied early, under cold conditions, and late at growth stage Zadoks 37–39. Dichlorprop/2,4-D mixed with tebuconazole caused up to 15% injury when applied early and up to 29% injury when applied late. Bromoxynil/MPCA mixed with tebuconazole injured wheat up to 15% when applied early but only 10% when applied late. Other herbicide and fungicide mixes caused a lower level of injury. Visible injury was transient and did not reduce winter wheat yields. The likelihood of tank-mixes causing injury was greater when they were applied late. The fungicide tebuconazole caused the highest level of injury when mixed with herbicides and injury was particularly high with dichlorprop/2,4-D.
Assessment of tolerance for reducing yield losses in field pea caused by Aphanomyces root rot
Authors: Conner R. L. , Chang K. F. , Hwang S. F. , Warkentin T. D. , McRae K. B.
Published: March 2013

Conner, R. L., Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Warkentin, T. D. and McRae, K. B. 2013. Assessment of tolerance for reducing yield losses in field pea caused by Aphanomyces root rot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 473–482. Aphanomyces root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs., is a serious disease of peas (Pisum sativum) that can severely reduce seed yield, and few effective control measures are available. The development of pea cultivars with tolerance or partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot is generally considered to be one of the best options to reduce yield loss. A 4-yr field study was conducted at disease-free sites and at an Aphanomyces root rot site to compare the responses of cultivars and lines in the presence and absence of Aphanomyces root rot, identify breeding lines with tolerance and to evaluate the effects of tolerance on plant growth, disease severity and yield. At the Aphanomyces root rot site, a second test was established in which the phosphite fungicide Phostrol™ was applied as a soil drench treatment to the pea cultivars and lines. Aphanomyces root rot reduced seedling emergence, biomass production and yield in the susceptible pea genotypes. However, line 00-2067 consistently produced relatively high yields at all the field sites. At the Aphanomyces root rot site, yield was closely associated with plant vigour and shoot weight. Small, but significant, differences (P<0.05) in disease severity were observed between susceptible cultivars and tolerant lines indicating that the lines producing high yields at the Aphanomyces root rot site are tolerant rather than partially resistant. The root/shoot weight ratio was very low in the tolerant lines, indicating that even though their root systems were reduced and severely damaged by root rot, they were still able to produce high yields under favourable conditions for the disease. Drench application of the fungicide Phostrol™ did not significantly reduce root rot severity or improve the performance of any of the pea cultivars or lines.
AAC Gateway hard red winter wheat
Authors: Graf R. J. , Beres B. L. , Randhawa H. S. , Gaudet D. A. , Badea A. , Laroche A. , Eudes F. , Pandeya R. S.
Published: March 2013

Graf, R. J., Beres, B. L., Randhawa, H. S., Gaudet, D. A., Badea, A., Laroche, A., Eudes, F. and Pandeya, R. S. 2013. AAC Gateway hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 541–548. AACGateway is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Winter (CWRW) wheat. Evaluated relative toCDCOsprey,ACBellatrix, Radiant, and CDC Buteo in the Western Winter Wheat Cooperative Registration trials from 2009 to 2011, AAC Gateway exhibited high grain yield, good winter survival, short straw of excellent strength, high grain protein concentration, and resistant to intermediate responses to stem rust, leaf rust, stripe rust and fusarium head blight. This combination of desirable traits makes AAC Gateway well-suited for production across western Canada. End-use suitability analysis indicated improvements in protein concentration, amylograph viscosity, dough rheology, loaf volume, and lower protein loss on milling.
Cerveza barley
Authors: Legge W. G. , Tucker J. R. , Bizimungu B. , Fetch T. G. , Haber S. , Menzies J. G. , Noll J. S. , Tekauz A. , Turkington T. K. , Savard M. E. , Choo T. M.
Published: March 2013

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Bizimungu, B., Fetch Jr., T. G., Haber, S., Menzies, J. G., Noll, J. S., Tekauz, A., Turkington, T. K., Savard, M. E. and Choo, T. M. 2013. Cerveza barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 557–564. Ceveza is a doubled-haploid hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada, Quebec, and the Maritimes. Developed from the cross TR251/Newdale//TR253/Newdale made in 1998, Cerveza was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test (2006–2007) and the Collaborative Malting Barley Trials (2007–2008) conducted by the malting and brewing industry before being registered in 2010. Cerveza was also evaluated in Quebec and the Maritimes in 2007–2009. Cerveza's desirable combination of agronomic traits, disease resistance and malting quality, particularly high grain yield and malt extract, should make it a useful cultivar for producers and the malting and brewing industry.
The f-Chromatic Index of a Graph Whose f-Core Has Maximum Degree 2
Authors: Akbari S. , Chavooshi M. , Ghanbari M. , Zare S.
Published: March 2013

Let G be a graph. The minimum number of colors needed to color the edges of G is called the chromatic index of G and is denoted by χ'(G). It is well known that , for any graph G, where Δ(G) denotes the maximum degree of G. A graph G is said to be class 1 if x'(G) = Δ(G) and class 2 if χ'(G) = Δ(G)+1. Also, GΔ is the induced subgraph on all vertices of degree Δ(G). Let f : V(G) → ℕ be a function. An f-coloring of a graph G is a coloring of the edges of E(G) such that each color appears at each vertex v ∊ V(G) at most f (v) times. The minimum number of colors needed to f-color G is called the f-chromatic index of G and is denoted by χ'f (G). It was shown that for every graph , where . A graph G is said to be f -class 1 , and f -class 2, otherwise. Also, GΔf is the induced subgraph of G on . Hilton and Zhao showed that if G has maximum degree two and G is class 2, then G is critical, GΔ is a disjoint union of cycles and δ(G) = Δ(G)–1, where δ(G) denotes the minimum degree of G, respectively. In this paper, we generalize this theorem to f -coloring of graphs. Also, we determine the f -chromatic index of a connected graph G with |GΔf| ≤ 4.
The Orthonormal Dilation Property for Abstract Parseval Wavelet Frames
Authors: Currey B. , Mayeli A.
Published: March 2013

In this work we introduce a class of discrete groups containing subgroups of abstract translations and dilations, respectively. A variety of wavelet systems can appear as π(Γ)ψ , where π is a unitary representation of a wavelet group and Γ is the abstract pseudo-lattice Γ. We prove a sufficent condition in order that a Parseval frame π(Γ) ψ can be dilated to an orthonormal basis of the form τ (Γ) ψ, where τ is a super-representation of π. For a subclass of groups that includes the case where the translation subgroup is Heisenberg, we show that this condition always holds, and we cite familiar examples as applications.
Inverse Scattering for the Stationary Wave Equation with a Friction Term in Two Dimensions
Authors: Watanabe Michiyuki
Published: March 2013

We consider the inverse scattering problem for the two dimensional stationary wave equation with a friction term. We prove that the friction coefficient is uniquely reconstructed from the scattering amplitude at a fixed low energy. A reconstruction procedure to identify the friction coefficient is also given. The method for the inverse scattering problem is based on the reduction argument reducing it to that of the inverse boundary value problem. We use the

\overline{\partial}

-method for a

3\times 3

first order elliptic system to give the reconstruction procedure.
Quantum Recurrence Relation and Its Generating Functions
Authors: Nakanishi Noboru
Published: March 2013

A homogeneous linear recurrence relation with constant coefficients is extended to the case in which the relevant quantities are not necessarily commutative with each other. Two kinds of its generating functions are explicitly given, and a relation between them is established. This result is essentially nothing but the reduction to a common (symmetric) denominator for a sum of fractions of non-commutative quantities.
Probabilistic Representation and Fall-Off of Bound States of Relativistic Schrödinger Operators with Spin 1/2
Authors: Hiroshima Fumio , Ichinose Takashi , Lőrinczi József
Published: March 2013

A Feynman–Kac type formula for relativistic Schrödinger operators with unbounded vector potential and spin 1=2 is given in terms of a three-component process consisting of a Brownian motion, a Poisson process and a subordinator. This formula is obtained for unbounded magnetic fields and magnetic fields with zeros. From this formula an energy comparison inequality is derived. Spatial decay of bound states is established separately for growing and for decaying potentials by using martingale methods.
Mori Contractions of Maximal Length
Authors: Höring Andreas , Novelli Carla
Published: March 2013

We prove a relative version of the theorem of Cho, Miyaoka and Shepherd-Barron: a Mori fibre space of maximal length is birational to a projective bundle.
Weyl Groups Associated with Affine Reflection Systems of Type $A_1$ (Coxeter Type Defining Relations)
Authors: Azam Saeid , Nikouei Mohammad
Published: March 2013

We offer a presentation for the Weyl group of an affine reflection system

R

of type

A_1

as well as a presentation for the so called
hyperbolic
Weyl group associated with an affine reflection system of type

A_1

. Applying these presentations to extended affine Weyl groups, and using a description of the center of the hyperbolic Weyl group, we also give a new finite presentation for an extended ane Weyl group of type

A_1

. Our presentation for the (hyperbolic) Weyl group of an affine reflection system of type

A_1

is the first nontrivial presentation given in this generality, and can be considered as a model for other types.
Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake: Correlations between and within Adults in a Longitudinal Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Woolcott Christy G. , Dishman Rod K. , Motl Robert W. , Matthai Caroline Horwath , Nigg Claudio R.
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

To determine if changes in physical activity were associated with changes in fruit and vegetable intake.

Design.

Prospective cohort.

Setting.

Hawaii.

Subjects.

Seven hundred adults (18+ years) sampled from the general population.

Measures.

Computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; the National Cancer Institute's Fruit and Vegetable Screener.

Analysis.

Between-individual correlations of each individual's mean physical activity and mean fruit and vegetable intake were estimated with Pearson correlations. Correlations of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake within individuals over time were calculated from analysis of covariance models to factor out the variation between individuals.

Results.

Individuals with a higher mean physical activity duration tended to eat more fruits and vegetables (r =.30, p < .0001). Within individuals, no average correlation between physical activity and intake of fruit and vegetables was observed over time (r =.03). The variation was great in that some individuals, these behaviors changed simultaneously, but in others, they did not.

Conclusion.

Although individuals who are more physically active tend to eat more fruits and vegetables (i.e., there is a weak correlation between individuals), on average, individuals do not simultaneously change these behaviors. Implications are that health behaviors may not covary, or that intervention is necessary to bring about covariation in health behaviors. The great variation from individual to individual in the extent to which these two behaviors covaried needs to be studied to determine if the individual tendency for behaviors to covary could be measured and used to individually tailor multiple behavior interventions.
Pilot Evaluation of a Media Literacy Program for Tobacco Prevention Targeting Early Adolescents Shows Mixed Results
Authors: Kaestle Christine E. , Chen Yvonnes , Estabrooks Paul A. , Zoellner Jamie , Bigby Brandon
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the impact of media literacy for tobacco prevention for youth delivered through a community site.

Design.

A randomized pretest-posttest evaluation design with matched-contact treatment and control conditions.

Setting.

The pilot study was delivered through the YMCA in a lower-income suburban and rural area of Southwest Virginia, a region long tied, both economically and culturally, to the tobacco industry.

Subjects.

Children ages 8 to 14 (76% white, 58% female) participated in the study (n = 38).

Intervention.

The intervention was an antismoking media literacy program (five 1-hour lessons) compared with a matched-contact creative writing control program.

Measures.

General media literacy, three domains of tobacco-specific media literacy (“authors and audiences,” “messages and meanings,” and “representation and reality”), tobacco attitudes, and future expectations were assessed.

Analysis.

Multiple regression modeling assessed the impact of the intervention, controlling for pretest measures, age, and sex.

Results.

General media literacy and tobacco-specific “authors and audiences” media literacy improved significantly for treatment compared with control (p < .05); results for other tobacco-specific media literacy measures and for tobacco attitudes were not significant. Future expectations of smoking increased significantly for treatment participants ages 10 and younger (p < .05).

Conclusion.

Mixed results indicated that improvements in media literacy are accompanied by an increase in future expectations to smoke for younger children.
Associations between Education and Personal Income with Body Mass Index among Australian Women Residing in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods
Authors: Williams Lauren K. , Andrianopoulos Nick , Cleland Verity , Crawford David , Ball Kylie
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

The aims of the current study were to (1) determine the association between personal income and body mass index (BMI) and between individual education and BMI, and (2) examine the association between education and BMI across strata of personal income among women.

Design.

The design of the study was a quantitative analysis of data from self-report questionnaires.

Setting.

The study setting was socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods in Victoria, Australia.

Subjects.

The study included 4065 nonpregnant women (ages 18–45 years) living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

Measures.

The study used a self report questionnaire measuring sociodemographic characteristics known to be associated with BMI.

Analysis.

Multiple linear regressions with imputation were used to assess the association between education level, personal income, and BMI, while controlling for covariates.

Results.

Mean (SD) observed BMI was 26.0 (6.1) kg/m2. Compared with women with low education, women with medium (b = −0.81; 95% confidence interval, −1.30 to −0.27; p = .004) and high (b = −1.71; 95% confidence interval, −2.34 to −1.09; p < .001) education had statistically significantly lower BMI values. No differences in BMI were observed between income categories. Stratified analyses suggested that the education-BMI association may be stronger in low-income than higher-income women.

Conclusion.

Our data show that among women living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, high education level rather than personal income may be protective against overweight/obesity. High personal income, however, may buffer the effects of low education on BMI. Obesity prevention efforts should target women with amplified disadvantage.
Behavioral Mediators of the Association between Neighborhood Environment and Weight Status in Nigerian Adults
Authors: Oyeyemi Adewale L. , Deforche Benedicte , Sallis James F. , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse , Van Dyck Delfien
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

Neighborhood built environments are related to obesity and physical activity (PA), but inconsistently to sedentary behaviors. This study investigated the mediating effects of PA and sedentary time on the associations of neighborhood environmental factors and body mass index (BMI) among Nigerian adults.

Design.

The study design was cross-sectional.

Setting.

The study setting was metropolitan Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Subjects.

Nigerian adults (n = 1411) were randomly selected from diverse neighborhoods and had complete data (43.1% women, 33.8% overweight or obese).

Measures.

PA, sedentary time, and 16 perceived neighborhood environmental factors were measured using Nigerian adaptations of validated international questionnaires. Outcomes were measured BMI and interviewer-led self-reports of moderate to vigorous PA, walking, total PA, and sitting time.

Analysis.

The product-of-coefficient test using generalized linear models was used to assess the mediating effects of outcomes on the associations between environmental factors and BMI.

Results.

Walking and total PA significantly mediated the association between BMI and perception of higher residential density (αβ = –.025 and –.037, respectively), absence of garbage (αβ = –.046 and –.076, respectively), and more safety from crime at night (αβ = –.044 and –.083, respectively). In addition, walking, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA significantly mediated the association between BMI and perception of better aesthetics (αβ = –.035, –.022, and –.071, respectively). Sedentary time was not a significant mediator of any associations between environmental factors and BMI.

Conclusion.

The association of several neighborhood environmental variables with BMI was partially mediated by PA in Nigerian adults. Including questions on specific types of sedentary behaviors in future prospective studies may improve understanding of the relative influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on obesity control and prevention among sub-Saharan African adults.
Social Influences on Smoking in American Workers: The Role of the Presence of Smokers in the Workplace and in the Home
Authors: Holahan Carole K. , Holahan Charles J. , Li Xiaoyin , Jung Sooin
Published: March 2013

Purpose.

To examine the relationship between the presence of smokers in the workplace and smokers in the home and current smoking status among employed men and women.

Design.

Analysis of data from the second wave of the nationally representative Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (2004–2006).

Subjects.

Sample of 627 currently employed men and women, aged 34 to 82 (M = 51), who had been regular cigarette smokers at some time.

Measures.

Survey items indexing presence of smokers in the respondents' immediate work area and home and their current smoking status.

Analysis.

Multiple logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, gender, education, race, and job type.

Results.

Examined together, smokers in the workplace (OR = 2.83) and smokers in the home (OR = 6.09) were uniquely associated with current smoking status. Moreover, smokers in the home reduced the association between smokers in the workplace and current smoking. The presence of smokers in the workplace was associated with a more than fourfold increase in current smoking among respondents with no smokers in the home, but was unrelated to current smoking among respondents with smokers in the home.

Conclusions.

Failure to consider the presence of smokers in the home significantly limits the potential impact of workplace smoking interventions.
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide source areas observed from space: assessment of regional enhancements and trends
Authors: Schneising O. , Heymann J. , Buchwitz M. , Reuter M. , Bovensmann H. , Burrows J. P.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Urban areas, which are home to the majority of today's world population, are responsible for more than two-thirds of the global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Given the ongoing demographic growth and rising energy consumption in metropolitan regions particularly in the developing world, urban-based emissions are expected to further increase in the future. As a consequence, monitoring and independent verification of reported anthropogenic emissions is becoming more and more important. It is demonstrated using SCIAMACHY nadir measurements that anthropogenic CO2 emissions can be detected from space and that emission trends might be tracked using satellite observations. This is promising with regard to future satellite missions with high spatial resolution and wide swath imaging capability aiming at constraining anthropogenic emissions down to the point-source scale. By subtracting retrieved background values from those retrieved over urban areas we find significant CO2 enhancements for several anthropogenic source regions, namely 1.3 ± 0.7 ppm for the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region and the Benelux, 1.1 ± 0.5 ppm for the East Coast of the United States, and 2.4 ± 0.9 ppm for the Yangtze River Delta. The order of magnitude of the enhancements is in agreement with what is expected for anthropogenic CO2 signals. The larger standard deviation of the retrieved Yangtze River Delta enhancement is due to a distinct positive trend of 0.3 ± 0.2 ppm yr−1, which is quantitatively consistent with anthropogenic emissions from the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) in terms of percentual increase per year. Potential contributions to the retrieved CO2 enhancement by several error sources, e.g. aerosols, albedo, and residual biospheric signals due to heterogeneous seasonal sampling, are discussed and can be ruled out to a large extent.