bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
College students' journey to wellness: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Journey to Wellness Scale
Authors: Li Annabel W. , Bardos Achilles N.
Published: September 2024

The mental health of college students in the United States has been a longstanding national concern, which has only been exacerbated by the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. The Journey to Wellness Scale (JWS) is a newly developed instrument grounded in empirical research in prevention, positive psychology, resilience, and social‐emotional learning, designed to measure psychological wellbeing in adults, including college students, across 10 dimensions: Adaptability, Initiative, Conscientiousness, Connectedness, Social Competence, Empathy, Optimism, Emotional Self‐Regulation, Mindfulness, and Self‐Efficacy. The JWS, a 60‐item self‐report instrument, requires participants to rate their endorsement of the items on a Likert‐type scale. The current study explored the adequacy of the JWS in measuring psychological wellness by confirmatory factor analysis with a sample of 722 college students. Results indicated that the JWS reliably captured the 10 dimensions and effectively measured overall psychological wellness. These findings support the JWS as a valid tool for assessing psychological wellness in the college student population. Future research directions and implications of the study were discussed.
Auxetic Metamaterial Model Made from Rotating Rectangles, Hexagons, and Triangles
Authors: Lim Teik‐Cheng
Published: September 2024

A perfectly auxetic 2D metamaterial model is described herein by means of interconnected rotating rigid units of three different shapes: hexagons, triangles, and rectangles. The in‐plane Young's modulus is obtained by matching the discrete elastic energy stored at the hinges during relative rotation of the rigid units with the overall elastic energy stored in the metamaterial's continuum equivalence. Results indicate that, in addition to the trivial effects from the rotational spring constant at the hinges, the in‐plane Young's modulus is highly influenced by the internal angle, followed by the relative size of the triangle with reference to the sizes of other rigid units. The effect from the rectangle aspect ratio presents the least influence. As such, there are several parameters to control the Young's modulus, from the coarse tuning by adjusting the internal angle to fine tuning by controlling the rectangle aspect ratio. The capability of the metamaterial's Young's modulus to be tuned from a spectrum of parameters that range from coarse to fine tuning permits this metamaterial's mechanical property to be precisely designed and manufactured in a cost‐effective manner.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of La‐CNT in the Adsorption of Aqueous Rhodamine B Dye Solutions
Authors: Sahoo Amit , Jena Priyambada , Behera Jasmine , Acharya Achyuta N.
Published: September 2024

Researchers have focused on exploring various types of nanomaterial‐based adsorbents, of which carbon nanotubes (CNT) are the most promising, to offset the harmful effects of waste water‐containing dyes on both human health and aquatic ecosystems.  A new, novel, efficient, rapid, and one‐pot synthetic route for synthesizing CNT has been attempted by using sodium perchlorate as a precursor at 300 °C for 3 h. Further, La‐CNT (lanthanum‐doped carbon nanotubes) has been synthesized. These materials were characterized through FTIR, FESEM, XRD, STA, EDS, and UV‐visible techniques, among others. Both materials were used as better suitable and efficient adsorbents to completely remove the toxic dye Rh‐B (Rhodamine B) (≈100% adsorption of dye) from aqueous solutions. The synthesized materials displayed lanthanum‐doped carbon nanotubes and aligned nanotubes, with lanthanum‐doped carbon buds present in La‐CNT. La‐CNT was found to be more thermally stable than CNT. Freundlich and Langmuir's isotherms were validated for the adsorption process, with pseudo‐second‐order kinetics being favored.
Pt@WS2 ‐an Extrinsic 2D Dilute Ferromagnetic Semiconductor Beyond Room Temperature
Authors: Chen Yu‐Xiang , Hsiao Kai‐Wen , Chin Hao‐Ting , Chen Ding‐Rui , Yen Zhi‐Long , Lan Yann‐Wen , Ting Chu‐Chi , Hofmann Mario , Chiang Cheng‐Tien , Chan Yang‐Hao , Vejpravová Jana Kalbáčová , Hsieh Ya‐Ping
Published: September 2024

Extrinsic dilute magnetic semiconductors achieve magnetic functionality through tailored interaction between a semiconducting matrix and a non‐magnetic dopant. The absence of intrinsic magnetic impurities makes this approach promising to investigate the newly emerging field of 2D dilute magnetic semiconductors. Here the first realization of an extrinsic 2D DMS in Pt‐doped WS2 is demonstrated. A bottom‐up synthesis approach yields a uniform and highly crystalline monolayer where platinum selectively occupies the tungsten sub‐lattice. The orbital overlap between W 4d and Pt 5d results in spin‐selective hybrid states that produce a strong valley‐Zeeman splitting. Combined experimental and theoretical results show that this interaction yields a sizable ferromagnetic response with a Curie temperature ≈375 K. These results open up a new route toward 2D magnetic properties through tailoring of atomic interactions for future applications in spintronics and magnetic nanoactuation.
Practicing intentional mentorship: An unfinished journey of a language teacher educator and her (future) mentees
Authors: Park Gloria , Salvadore Silvia Vaccino , Webb Marie , Tanghe Shannon , Lee Sarah Henderson
Published: September 2024

As a language teacher educator (LTE) at a Doctoral Universities ‐ High Research Activity (R2) institution, this invitation to document how the first author (Gloria) has come to (re)construct and (re)negotiate her identity as an LTE is both timely and necessary, as the academic year 2024–2025 marks her 17th year at her institution. In this conceptual feature article, she begins this narrativized journey as one way to reflect on who she is and who she has become as an LTE, and she has invited four of her former mentees (Silvia, Marie, Shannon, and Sarah) who have become her co‐authors and co‐editors in various publication opportunities. Using poetic and narrativized writing, Gloria and her mentees share snapshots of their reflections and reflexivity in working together to understand and define intentional mentoring practices. The authors conclude with their own definitions of intentional mentoring practice and invite the journal audience to collectively engage in our unfinished journey.
Beyond Classroom: Making a Difference in Diversity in Tech
Authors: Buhnova Barbora
Published: September 2024

Barbora Buhnova
Experiences Implementing and Deploying Anonymous Code Review
Authors: Dicker Jill , Murphy-Hill Emerson , Sarma Anita
Published: September 2024

Jill Dicker, Emerson Murphy-Hill, and Anita Sarma
Bringing Diversity in Software Engineering Education from the Middle East and Africa
Authors: Samarah Mohammad , Ocansey A. K. , Samarah Esaa Mohammad Sabti , Babalola Olufunmilola
Published: September 2024

Dr. Mohammad Samarah, Her Excellency Rev. Dr. A. K. Ocansey, Esaa Mohammad Sabti Samarah, Olufunmilola Babalola
Open Sourcing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Authors: Cheatham Demetris
Published: September 2024

Demetris Cheatham
Supersymmetric charge constraints on AdS black holes from free fields
Authors: Larsen Finn , Lee Siyul
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Supersymmetric AdS black hole solutions exist only when their angular momenta and charges satisfy a certain constraint that depends on the dimension. We show that these nonlinear relations on the conserved charges agree with a computation in the dual supersymmetric CFT in its free limit, with interactions entering only through a uniform rescaling of all charges. Our computations apply to the highly non-trivial charge constraints for AdS4, AdS5 and AdS7 black holes, and generalize an earlier one for the analogous constraint in AdS3. Our results suggest a microscopic understanding of AdS black holes beyond the scope of supersymmetric indices.
Erstdiagnose ALCAPA-Syndrom im Erwachsenenalter – seltene Ursache eines Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands
Authors: Urban Tim , Grundmann Sebastian , Klein Franziska , Wengenmayer Tobias , Müller-Peltzer Katharina , Busch Hans-Jörg
Published: September 2024

Ein 42-jähriger Patient wurde uns notärztlich in den Schockraum zugewiesen nach „return of spontaneous circulation“ (ROSC) bei außerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand mit Kammerflimmern als initialem Rhythmus. Als Ursache präsentierte sich in der CT-Bildgebung (Computertomographie) und Koronarangiographie die Erstdiagnose eines ALCAPA-Syndroms („anomalus left coronary artery origin from pulonary artery“). Es zeigte sich eine typische kaliberstarke rechtskoronare Versorgung des Herzens und ausgeprägte Kollateralisierung. Nach initialer Intensivtherapie erfolgte die operative Versorgung des Befunds. Der Patient konnte ohne neurologisches Defizit in gutem Allgemeinzustand entlassen werden.
Feasibility of manufacturing high-aspect-ratio hollow tubes of SS410 through wire-arc directed energy deposition
Authors: Singh Amritbir , Bedi Raman , Nath Tameshwer , Dommeti Satya Gowtam , Goel Saurav , Sekar Shiva
Published: September 2024

This study reports new observations from the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio hollow tubes of SS410 through wire-arc directed energy deposition (wire-arc DED) process. Characterisation work was performed on a single tube as a function of its build height. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1372 MPa and maximum yield strength (YS) of 980 MPa were achieved in the middle region of the tube. The highest UTS in the middle was attributed to the low delta ferrite content. The reduction of delta ferrite was found to be linked with the repetitive heating and cooling. In contrast, the top and bottom sections exhibit a substantial presence of delta ferrite, indicating that the cyclic effects were not considerable. Nevertheless, the presence of significant ductility in the bottom region of the component indicated the occurrence of tempering effects. This observation is further supported by the lower levels of local strain observed using KAM mapping. Overall, this work proposes a novel fabrication method for producing hollow sections with superior strength and ductile properties.
Probabilistic hazard analyses for a small island: methods for quantifying tephra fall hazard and appraising possible impacts on Ascension Island
Authors: Osman Sara , Crummy Julia , Thomas Mark , Carver Stephen
Published: September 2024

Proximal to the source, tephra fall can cause severe disruption, and populations of small volcanically active islands can be particularly susceptible. Volcanic hazard assessments draw on data from past events generated from historical observations and the geological record. However, on small volcanic islands, many eruptive deposits are under-represented or missing due to the bulk of tephra being deposited offshore and high erosion rates from weather and landslides. Ascension Island is such an island located in the South Atlantic, with geological evidence of mafic and felsic explosive volcanism. Limited tephra preservation makes it difficult to correlate explosive eruption deposits and constrains the frequency or magnitude of past eruptions. We therefore combined knowledge from the geological record together with eruptions from the analogous São Miguel island, Azores, to probabilistically model a range of possible future explosive eruption scenarios. We simulated felsic events from a single vent in the east of the island, and, as mafic volcanism has largely occurred from monogenetic vents, we accounted for uncertainty in future vent location by using a grid of equally probable source locations within the areas of most recent eruptive activity. We investigated the hazards and some potential impacts of short-lived explosive events where tephra fall deposits could cause significant damage and our results provide probabilities of tephra fall loads from modelled events exceeding threshold values for potential damage. For basaltic events with 6–10 km plume heights, we found a 50% probability that tephra fallout across the west side of the island would impact roads and the airport during a single explosive event, and if roofs cannot be cleared, three modelled explosive phases produced tephra loads that may be sufficient to cause roof collapse (≥ 100 kg m−2). For trachytic events, our results show a 50% probability of loads of 2–12 kg m−2 for a plume height of 6 km increasing to 898–3167 kg m−2 for a plume height of 19 km. Our results can assist in raising awareness of the potential impacts of tephra fall from short-lived explosive events on small islands.
The Tropical and Zonotopal Geometry of Periodic Timetables
Authors: Bortoletto Enrico , Lindner Niels , Masing Berenike
Published: September 2024

The Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP) is the standard mathematical tool for optimizing periodic timetables in public transport. A solution to a PESP instance consists of three parts: a periodic timetable, a periodic tension, and integer offset values. While the space of periodic tensions has received much attention in the past, we explore geometric properties of the other two components. The general aim of this paper is to establish novel connections between periodic timetabling and discrete geometry. Firstly, we study the space of feasible periodic timetables as a disjoint union of polytropes. These are polytopes that are convex both classically and in the sense of tropical geometry. We then study this decomposition and use it to outline a new heuristic for PESP, based on neighbourhood relations of the polytropes. Secondly, we recognize that the space of fractional cycle offsets is in fact a zonotope, and then study its zonotopal tilings. These are related to the hyperrectangle of fractional periodic tensions, as well as the polytropes of the periodic timetable space, and we detail their interplay. To conclude, we also use this new understanding to give tight lower bounds on the minimum width of an integral cycle basis.
Ischemic cardiac stromal fibroblast-derived protein mediators in the infarcted myocardium and transcriptomic profiling at single cell resolution
Authors: Cha Ed , Hong Sung Ho , Rai Taj , La Vy , Madabhushi Pranav , Teramoto Darren , Fung Cameron , Cheng Pauline , Chen Yu , Keklikian Angelo , Liu Jeffrey , Fang William , Thankam Finosh G.
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on screening the major secreted proteins by the ischemia-challenged cardiac stromal fibroblasts (CF), the assessment of their expression status and functional role in the post-ischemic left ventricle (LV) and in the ischemia-challenged CF culture and to phenotype CF at single cell resolution based on the positivity of the identified mediators. The expression level of CRSP2, HSP27, IL-8, Cofilin-1, and HSP90 in the LV tissues following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and myocardial infarction (MI) and CF cells followed the screening profile derived from the MS/MS findings. The histology data unveiled ECM disorganization, inflammation and fibrosis reflecting the ischemic pathology. CRSP2, HSP27, and HSP90 were significantly upregulated in the LV-CABG tissues with a concomitant reduction ion LV-MI whereas Cofilin-1, IL8, Nrf2, and Troponin I were downregulated in LV-CABG and increased in LV-MI. Similar trends were exhibited by ischemic CF. Single cell transcriptomics revealed multiple sub-phenotypes of CF based on their respective upregulation of CRSP2, HSP27, IL-8, Cofilin-1, HSP90, Troponin I and Nrf2 unveiling pathological and pro-healing phenotypes. Further investigations regarding the underlying signaling mechanisms and validation of sub-populations would offer novel translational avenues for the management of cardiac diseases.
Measurement of the Tension Loss in a Cable Traveling Over a Pulley, for Low-Speed Applications
Authors: Máté P. , Szekrényes A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Wire ropes or cables are widely used solutions for force transmission in several industrial applications. Their hysteretic behavior may significantly influence control accuracy or the force transmission’s efficiency. Cables traveling through sheaves can suffer a relatively high tension loss, which this article addresses.

Objective

This paper aims to present a simple measurement method for the tension loss in cables traveling over sheaves on bearings.

Methods

The presented measurement method uses a cable-pulley system with a spring installed at one cable end. The pulley is moved in a zig-zag pattern. The force is measured on both cable ends; this way, the tension loss can be determined as a function of the cable tension. The force was measured with S-type load cells, which are highly sensitive to off-axis loads; this problem can be overcome by proving that the force measurement has a proportional error, which can be eliminated from the frictional coefficient. The measurements are compared to two models from the literature; one approximates the power loss of a cable drive by calculating the work of the cable’s inner friction, and the other is a cable bending model, which is used to determine the hysteretic energy of the cyclic bending.

Results

The result of the measurement evaluation is a coefficient of tension loss that contains the loss coming from the cable bending and the bearing friction. Four cable types and a steel strip with negligible bending hysteresis were measured, the latter for control measurement. It is demonstrated that a significant part of the tension loss originates from the inner friction of the cable and that it is equal to the hysteretic energy of the cyclic bending.

Conclusion

The presented method provides a robust measurement for the tension loss factor in cables traveling over pulleys. It is proven that the off-axis loads cause a proportional error in the force measured by S-type load cells, and this measurement error can be eliminated from the tension loss factor. The results demonstrated that the presented models can be used to predict the tension loss in cables traveling over sheaves.
Integration of blockchain and life cycle assessment: a systematic literature review
Authors: Zhang Lyu , Fröhling Magnus
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Blockchain has the potential to bring numerous benefits to life cycle assessment (LCA), such as traceability, transparency, and accurate inventory data and assessment results. Consequently, there has been a gradual emergence of research focusing on the integration of blockchain and LCA in recent years. The aim of this study is to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive state of research on blockchain-LCA integration.

Methods

This study undertook a systematic review of published articles on blockchain-LCA integration, analyzing the papers indexed so far in the Web of Science and SCOPUS. Thirty-one articles were identified, on which a bibliometric analysis was carried out. Furthermore, this study extracted and synthesized the data for the themes of benefits, barriers, frameworks and models, and case studies, and conducted detailed analysis for each theme.

Results and discussion

The results indicated that the current state of research in this field is still in its early stages. Most articles proposed various potential benefits across different stages of the integration. However, the integration faced various technical, organizational, and system-related barriers. Only a limited number of articles presented frameworks, models, and case studies. Currently, there is a significant lack of case studies rooted in real-world data. Based on the results of the review, this study offered relevant suggestions for future development of the blockchain-LCA integration. Additionally, this study proposed a novel and practical generic framework to provide guidance for the continued advancement in this field.

Conclusion

This work reveals that the number of studies of blockchain-LCA integration is increasing, but this field is still in the early stages. Many potential benefits and barriers to the integration were proposed, but most of them lack validation within the existing research. In particular, there is a great need for real-world case studies.
A framework for developing a real-time lake phytoplankton forecasting system to support water quality management in the face of global change
Authors: Carey Cayelan C. , Calder Ryan S. D. , Figueiredo Renato J. , Gramacy Robert B. , Lofton Mary E. , Schreiber Madeline E. , Thomas R. Quinn
Published: September 2024

Phytoplankton blooms create harmful toxins, scums, and taste and odor compounds and thus pose a major risk to drinking water safety. Climate and land use change are increasing the frequency and severity of blooms, motivating the development of new approaches for preemptive, rather than reactive, water management. While several real-time phytoplankton forecasts have been developed to date, none are both automated and quantify uncertainty in their predictions, which is critical for manager use. In response to this need, we outline a framework for developing the first automated, real-time lake phytoplankton forecasting system that quantifies uncertainty, thereby enabling managers to adapt operations and mitigate blooms. Implementation of this system calls for new, integrated ecosystem and statistical models; automated cyberinfrastructure; effective decision support tools; and training for forecasters and decision makers. We provide a research agenda for the creation of this system, as well as recommendations for developing real-time phytoplankton forecasts to support management.
« Un container de papiers »
Authors: Banégas Richard , Cutolo Armando
Published: September 2024

Cet article explore les dynamiques historiques et politiques qui articulent l’identification, l’état civil et la citoyenneté en Côte d’Ivoire. Il s’intéresse à des communautés rurales déplacées de Haute-Volta dans les années 1930 et installées par le gouvernement colonial français dans des « villages coloniaux » autour de Bouaflé. Maintenus jusqu’aux années 1990 dans un statut ambigu d’étrangers immigrés, ces individus rencontrent aujourd’hui encore des difficultés pour obtenir des documents d’identité auprès de l’administration locale et demeurent, malgré leur naturalisation collective, dans un statut liminal d’exception juridique et politique. À la suite de la crise ivoirienne (2002-2011), la vieille question de la citoyenneté s’est vue reformulée en termes de « risque d’apatridie » par le gouvernement et les organisations internationales. L’article reconstitue l’histoire de la discrimination de ces personnes et de leur lutte pour obtenir des « papiers ». Il montre que ni la réforme de l’état civil ni celle de la biométrie n’ont radicalement modifié leur insécurité documentaire ou les vieux stéréotypes qui continuent à structurer les représentations de l’appartenance nationale. Les « autochtones » continuent ainsi de rattacher la citoyenneté des « villages voltaïques » à la mémoire historique de la gouvernance coloniale. Il s’avère finalement que les nouvelles technologies biométriques, bien que visant à dépolitiser la question de l’identification, sont loin de réduire les risques d’apatridie et pourraient même ouvrir la voie à sa consolidation numérique.
MRSA nasal screening predictive values assessment in patients with osteomyelitis
Authors: Stramel Stefanie , Buckley Valerie , Tran MaiCuc , Price Todd
Published: September 2024

Objective and Design:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal screening utilizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in patients with osteomyelitis.

Setting:

A multisite, retrospective adult chart review from March 2021 to June 2022 was conducted, with no interventions performed. Patients treated with anti-MRSA therapy for osteomyelitis, MRSA nares PCR collected within 48 hours of antibiotic initiation, and related cultures were evaluated.

Patients:

Adults with associated cultures were assessed for concordance with MRSA nares PCR screening results. The primary outcome was the diagnostic value of MRSA nares PCR assay screening for predicting MRSA osteomyelitis. An assessment of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) was performed. Key secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay and duration of anti-MRSA therapy.

Results:

One hundred seven patients with MRSA nares PCR sensitivities were included in this assessment. The PPV and NPV were determined to be 25% CI (10.08–49.79%) and 94.7% CI (91.29–96.87%), respectively. Median and interquartile range durations of anti-MRSA therapy were decreased in the MRSA PCR negative group at 5 (3–8) versus 6.5 (6–9.75) days (p = 0.03752).

Conclusion:

This research showed a high NPV (94.7%) and a low PPV (25%) that aligned with other studies evaluating MRSA nares PCR utilization in osteomyelitis. Additionally, despite no active intervention on the results, early de-escalation of inappropriate antibiotic therapy was observed.
Immediate-use steam sterilization and the effect on surgical site infection risk in an acute care facility
Authors: Crall Victoria D. , Lewis Casey L. , Risnear Avisha , Miller Jason , Sherer Joanne , Ayres Ashley M. , Snyder Graham M.
Published: September 2024

Immediate-use steam sterilization (IUSS) shortens the time of sterilization but may increase the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). Among 23,919 procedures with 416 (1.7%) procedures resulting in SSI, IUSS was associated with a 1.52 (95% CI, 1.10–2.11) times higher risk of SSI. IUSS should be minimized.
From concrete mixture to structural design—a holistic optimization procedure in the presence of uncertainties
Authors: Agrawal Atul , Tamsen Erik , Unger Jörg F. , Koutsourelakis Phaedon-Stelios
Published: September 2024

We propose a systematic design approach for the precast concrete industry to promote sustainable construction practices. By employing a holistic optimization procedure, we combine the concrete mixture design and structural simulations in a joint, forward workflow that we ultimately seek to invert. In this manner, new mixtures beyond standard ranges can be considered. Any design effort should account for the presence of uncertainties which can be aleatoric or epistemic as when data are used to calibrate physical models or identify models that fill missing links in the workflow. Inverting the causal relations established poses several challenges especially when these involve physics-based models which more often than not, do not provide derivatives/sensitivities or when design constraints are present. To this end, we advocate Variational Optimization, with proposed extensions and appropriately chosen heuristics to overcome the aforementioned challenges. The proposed approach to treat the design process as a workflow, learn the missing links from data/models, and finally perform global optimization using the workflow is transferable to several other materials, structural, and mechanical problems. In the present work, the efficacy of the method is exemplarily illustrated using the design of a precast concrete beam with the objective to minimize the global warming potential while satisfying a number of constraints associated with its load-bearing capacity after 28 days according to the Eurocode, the demolding time as computed by a complex nonlinear finite element model, and the maximum temperature during the hydration.
Market Failure, Information Asymmetries, and Monopoly Profits: The Barranquilla Railway and Pier Company in Colombia, 1888–1933
Authors: Primmer Andrew
Published: September 2024

This article presents a business history of the Barranquilla Railway and Pier Company (BRPC) and its impact on Colombia’s Caribbean region. It explores the company’s operations, profitability, shareholders, infrastructure development, and competition with other coastal railways for insights into the role of foreign capital in regional growth. The BRPC’s railway and port infrastructure connected the coastal city of Barranquilla with the Colombian interior, allowing the city to supplant Cartagena as the country’s principal international port. Statistical analysis reveals the railway’s remarkable profitability, which attracted transnational investors, who consolidated majority control. The company’s ability to leverage engineering expertise and capital underscored its strategic significance, yet its interests centered on protecting its transport monopoly. The railway’s lack of visibility in London and information asymmetries shaped investor perceptions. Extending the pier demonstrated BRPC’s role in accommodating rising export volumes during Colombia’s “despegue cafetero.” However, the railway faced obsolescence, as the government opened the obstructing Bocas de Ceniza sandbank and pursued railway nationalization. The railway’s redundancy, demographic shifts, and rise of Buenaventura underscore its eventual decline. This paper reveals the complex dynamics between foreign capital, infrastructure, and trade monopolies in shaping uneven development. It highlights the BRPC’s overlooked yet fundamental role in Colombia’s export economy and Barranquilla’s ascendancy.
Fire in Jamaica, 1831–32
Authors: Ogborn Miles
Published: September 2024

Fire is a material and social process that is different in different periods and places. This article examines the fires set during the largest, and last, uprising of the enslaved in Jamaica, which occurred in the island's western parishes after Christmas 1831. It argues that different sorts of fire were central to processes of production and everyday life under plantation slavery, and examines what the burnings of 1831–32 reveal about the fight against enslavement in the early nineteenth century. A close reading of the records of the trials that followed the uprising details the methods used to burn plantations; the decisions over what to burn and what to save; and the contested social and political relations involved in encouraging or extinguishing the flames. This demonstrates that fire was a material means of creative destruction for the rebels that turned the everyday practices of commodity production and coerced social reproduction against the plantation infrastructure; that destroying buildings by fire both denied and made claims on the land, and sought to remake the Jamaican landscape for other forms of inhabitation; and that the collectivities forged through fire were inevitably shaped by both shared endeavors and tensions within and between groups of plantation inhabitants facing an uncertain future. Overall, it seeks to understand the use of fire in the 1831–32 uprising to fight for freedom as part of a “politics of habitation.”
From managerialism to toxic leadership: The moderating effect of ethical climate in the healthcare sector
Authors: Bulutlar Fusun , Kamasak Rifat , Palalar Alkan Deniz , Ozbilgin Mustafa
Published: September 2024

A hegemonic neoliberal ideology dominates all areas of work in Turkey, including healthcare. Though neoliberalism has been studied extensively from the perspective of meaning, values, and processes, managerial and leadership behavior dynamics require further research. This study analyzes the relationship between managerialism, toxic leadership, and ethical climate in an industry swept up by untamed neoliberalism, particularly in a nation where employment and human rights are ceremoniously protected. Through an analysis of medical doctors working in 207 public and private university hospitals in Turkey, we explored the role of managerialism and four distinct ethical climate types, resulting in the emergence of toxic leadership behaviors during the global pandemic. We theorize the extent to which toxic leaders emerge from managerialism. We further explain why the hegemonic Turkish leadership culture thrives in toxic behaviors such as paternalism, fealty, ingratiation, nepotism, and cronyism in the context of neoliberal expansion.
Inoculum microbial mass is negatively related to microbial yield and positively to methane yield in vitro
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Klevenhusen Fenja , Sünder Angela , Clauss Marcus , Hummel Jürgen
Published: September 2024

Ruminal microbes catabolise feed carbohydrates mainly into SCFA, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2), with predictable relationships between fermentation end products and net microbial increase. We used a closed in vitro batch culture system, incubating grass and maize silages, and measured total gas production at 8 and 24 h, as well as the truly degraded substrate, the net production of SCFA, CH4, and microbial biomass at 24 h, and investigated the impact of silage type and inoculum microbial mass on fermentation direction. Net microbial yield was negatively correlated with total gas at 8 h (P < 0•001), but not at 24 h (P = 0•052), and negatively correlated with CH4 production (P < 0•001). Higher initial inoculum microbial mass was related to a lower net microbial yield (P < 0•001) but a higher CH4 production (P < 0•001). A significant difference between grass silage and maize silage was detected within the context of these relationships (P < 0•050). The metabolic hydrogen (2H) recovery was 102.8 ± 12.3 % for grass silages and 118.8 ± 13.3% for maize silages. Overall, grass silages favoured more substrate conversion to microbial biomass and less to fermentation end products than maize silage. Lower inoculum microbial mass facilitated more microbial growth and, because of the 2H sink by microbial synthesis, decreased CH4 production.
South(s) of the South(s): race, caporalato, and the ‘Southern Question’ renewed in contemporary Italian border-making
Authors: Neil Margaret Renata , Cerruti Federica M.
Published: September 2024

In contemporary Italy, media and public actors frame the exploitation of migrant agricultural labourers as the outcome of caporalato. This concept – translated as labour brokerage or gang mastery – connotes the violent treatment of workers and their exploitation by powerful individuals, who are today increasingly racialised and understood as being Black and immigrants. However, our fieldwork in Apulia and Sicily uncovered a more complicated picture. This article considers a variety of sources to explore how caporalato is constructed and to what effect. Our argument is that, though rooted in real dynamics, caporalato is also a reductive, sensationalised, and racialising framing device that transposes historic tenets of Italy's ‘Southern Question’ onto ‘othered’ migrant workers. It affects policy by creating categories of people who are made ‘illegal’ and ‘deportable’. In also reinforcing derogatory stereotypes about the Italian South, it makes visible further South(s) of the Italian South(s) – offering insight into how and where borders are created and what their effects are.
Does interstate conflict affect attitudes towards domestic minorities? Evidence from India
Authors: Clary Christopher , Lalwani Sameer , Siddiqui Niloufer , Sircar Neelanjan
Published: September 2024

In multiethnic societies, domestic minority groups are frequently associated with external adversaries. In such situations, external confrontations may potentially exacerbate internal ethnic conflict by increasing intolerance toward the domestic minority. Alternatively, they may result in rallying the public around a common superordinate national identity. We examine the case of India, which has a long-running rivalry with Muslim-majority Pakistan. Through a large (n = 7052) survey experiment, we find little evidence that a hypothetical crisis with Pakistan worsens attitudes toward India's large Muslim minority. Instead, we find that such a crisis may improve intergroup cohesion within India, improving tolerance towards Muslim minorities.
Cold-water coral Dendrophyllia ramea as a habitat-forming species in shallow coastal waters: its role in a vulnerable ecosystem and anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Estévez Rocío M. , Palacios Marina , Cervera Juan Lucas , González-Duarte Manuel M.
Published: September 2024

The importance of habitat-forming species, particularly cold-water corals like Dendrophyllia ramea, cannot be overstated as they provide crucial physical structures that offer shelter, food, and breeding habitat for a range of other species. We studied the spatial distribution and abundance of D. ramea, its associated species and the impact of human activities in a population of the Herradura, Granada in the western Mediterranean. Video transects were conducted at different depths, and epibiont samples were collected to describe the coral assemblage and the diversity of associated organisms. Dendrophyllia ramea presented high abundances at an unusually shallow depth in the Mediterranean, ranging from 30 to 48 m, despite typically being found between 50 and 500 m, with recordings indicating occurrences as deep as 1000 m, and hosting a high number of epibionts and macro-benthic organisms associated with coral reefs. Bryozoans showed a close relationship with D. ramea as they are important components of both the reef and the epibiont community. This study identified 63 new species and 15 new genera associated with cold-water corals. This study showed the importance of D. ramea as a nursery site, even for other habitat-forming species. The major threat to this community is human activity (fishing, littering and free anchoring), with the most abundant types of waste being rubber, glass/ceramics, and plastic polymers, and many fishing lines and nets damaging the corals. Overall, this study emphasises the urgent need to protect cold-water corals and their associated species and reduce the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems.
ENSO effect on trophic interactions of three top predators in adjacent waters to Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur
Authors: Hernández-Aparicio Amairani , Ortega-García Sofía , Tripp-Valdez Arturo , Jakes-Cota Ulianov , Moncayo-Estrada Rodrigo , Hernández-Briones Sergio A.
Published: September 2024

Trophic competition among top predators is also influenced by environmental variability. However, the magnitude of the changes in contrasting events such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is poorly studied. The stomach contents of striped marlin (Kajikia audax), blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), and dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) were analysed. We included the ENSO effect on the diet because we analysed organisms captured during 2010–2011 and 2014–2015, periods that, according to the Ocean Niño Index, were defined as the cold phase (CP) and warm phase (WP), respectively. Trophic diversity, feeding habits and strategy, trophic position (TP), trophic niche amplitude, and diet overlap were calculated. It was found that, despite a wide trophic spectrum, all three species were specialist predators in both phases. The most important prey species during both phases for striped marlin was Dosidicus gigas, while Auxis spp. was the most important prey of blue marlin. Dolphinfish fed mainly on Oxyporhamphus micropterus during the CP and Pleuroncodes planipes during the WP. Our results indicated that during both ENSO phases, all species maintained a trophic position similar to previous reports for the study area. However, for striped marlin, these differences were significant. Greater trophic competition was found during the CP (seven prey taxa shared) than in the WP (three prey taxa shared). These species often share the same environment, but their preference for feeding on different prey makes them occupy different trophic spaces, an aspect that allows their coexistence in time and space.
First sighting of Streptosyllis nunezi (Polychaeta: Syllidae) in the German Bight, SE North Sea
Authors: Ebbe Brigitte , Gusky Manuela , Beermann Jan , Heinicke Kathrin , Gutow Lars
Published: September 2024

Long-term marine monitoring programmes have provided numerous quantitative data on the composition of North Sea benthic communities and their changes over time, including species introductions. Particularly in the German Bight, the rapid environmental and hydrographical changes are promoting the spreading (usually anthropogenically mediated) of neobiota, with more than 150 species being registered to date. During routine seafloor monitoring, grab samples taken on the subtidal sandbank of the Borkum Reef Ground revealed the presence of the polychaete Streptosyllis nunezi in different years, a species previously unreported in the southern North Sea. In this paper, these individuals are described morphologically and the population status is discussed. Our finding demonstrates the importance of intensive and regular environmental monitoring programmes for the assessment of regional biodiversity and its potential changes.
From where I belong: using mitochondrial DNA analysis to investigate the origin of a white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) captured in Indonesian waters
Authors: O'Connell C. P. , Prasetyo A. P. , Stewart M. , Fahmi
Published: September 2024

In 2013 and 2019, two separate encounters with a white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) were documented within Indonesian waters. Of particular importance was ca. 6.0 m male C. carcharias that was captured in Lombok, Indonesia in 2013, where an upper lateral tooth was retained. Using the D-loop sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) associated with this captured white shark, the mtDNA was compared to the available mtDNA sequences in GenBank® associated with the Northwest Pacific and Australian (i.e. Southern-Western and Eastern) C. carcharias subpopulations to determine its point of origin. Results from the mtDNA analyses suggest that the point of origin for this captured C. carcharias is from one of the Australian subpopulations. When compared to primary literature, this migration presents a northerly range extension for this species; however, since it is unclear what Australian subpopulation this shark was from it is uncertain what subpopulation this range extension applies to. Although C. carcharias presence within Indonesian waters is likely a rare occurrence, being that Indonesia represents the largest shark fin exporter in the world, the utilization of these waters and potential unsustainable exploitation poses a definitive threat to this highly migratory top predator. Therefore, further research investigating the purpose and site fidelity of C. carcharias within these waters is critical to future multijurisdictional protection of this top predator.
Unpacking the contextualities of behavioural public policy: a case study of the Peruvian Nudge unit MineduLAB
Authors: Ñañez Paola , Decuypere Mathias , Hartong Sigrid
Published: September 2024

Governments around the world have increasingly adopted behavioural public policies, in which behavioural insights units (often designated as ‘Nudge units’) play an increasingly important role. Such units are typically assigned with implementing behavioural insights in various social policy fields. However, research on the contextual specificities of Nudge units is still scarce. This article addresses that gap by providing an in-depth qualitative study of MineduLAB, a Nudge unit active within the Peruvian Ministry of Education. Informed by an interpretive approach, our analysis shows that the behavioural insights that MineduLAB makes use of and develops, are enacted by a unique local interplay of three different dimensions: a political-financial, an epistemic community, and a sector-specific (here: educational) dimension. Moreover, our analysis of a Nudge unit in the Global South showcases both similarities (e.g. focus on behavioural evidence and experimentation) as well as differences (e.g. the challenge of corruption; the deployment of other vocabulary with regards to behavioural insights) with the predominantly Western Nudge units that are more commonly researched. Consequently, we argue that for a profound academic evaluation of behavioural public policy and the role of Nudge units herein, it is crucial to pay close attention to their contextuality and geographical diversity.
‘Deaf people are one, as they say’: Articulating ‘deaf space’ and deaf-hearing communication in a Ugandan market
Authors: Modern Julia
Published: September 2024

This article investigates visual communication practices among members of a disabled people's organisation (DPO) in a market in Uganda. Deaf members and many of the hearing members are proficient in Ugandan Sign Language (UgSL) and use it daily. I examine three communicative settings within the market, identifying varied modes of visual communication in use, ranging from loosely conventionalised multimodal improvisation to standard UgSL. Deaf stallholders value the varied forms of linguistic community accessed through these different modes, which are complementary rather than opposing, except at key moments of tension. By combining ‘deaf space’ theory with Silverstein's distinction between speech and language communities, I link the visual communication practices of deaf and hearing marketgoers to the varying forms of solidarity that underly linguistic communities. Deaf marketgoers creatively articulate different visual communication potentialities and the communities they arise from and index, including negotiating linguistic access through strategically opposing deaf and hearing communities. (Deaf space, sign language, language communities)*
TOWARDS AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF SUSTAINABILITY: RESOURCE PACKAGES AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT IN SPHAKIA, SOUTH-WEST CRETE
Authors: Nixon Lucia
Published: September 2024

Using evidence from the Sphakia Survey, a multiperiod archaeological project in south-west Crete, this article has two goals. The first is to contribute to a newly emerging field, the archaeology of sustainability. The investigation of sustainability in Sphakia uses five main kinds of evidence: environmental, archaeological/material, textual, oral, and patterns of activity that seem ‘difficult’ or ‘inconvenient’. Sphakia is a large area of highly dissected terrain with a wide altitudinal range – in many ways, a ‘tough’ landscape, where agropastoralism has been its main economy. The second goal is to introduce the concept of a Resource Package (RP), a combination of perceived resources in an area, as an analytical tool for landscape study. Evidence for identifying agropastoral RPs of various scales, used at a particular time, includes imports, such as pottery and obsidian, which can suggest exchange for a local resource or product; sacred sites; coins; texts and inscriptions; place-names and other toponyms; and maps. The concept of RPs can usefully be applied synchronically and diachronically to multiperiod projects like this, as well as more generally to other landscapes, ‘tough’ or not. Sustainable strategies (that is, maximising resources and RPs without exhausting them) were used in the Prehistoric, Graeco-Roman and Byzantine–Venetian–Turkish epochs in Sphakia; some may be relevant for the future.
‘Singing is my superpower’ experiences of Austrian males in school choral music
Authors: Freer Patrick K.
Published: September 2024

This study was of adolescent males about their musical self-perceptions and experiences in one Austrian school’s choral music programme. Participants who sang continuously in the school choir reported experiences consistent with flow theory. In contrast, participants who withdrew said that their school choral experiences lacked challenge levels commensurate with their interests and skills and that they wished for greater opportunities for autonomy and control. Participants who never sang in school choir lacked older male singing role models, an element consistent with the theory of possible selves. The study findings reflect those of previous research at The London Oratory. The article closes with implications for research and pedagogy.