bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrospective assessment of HDR brachytherapy dose calculation methods in locally advanced cervical cancer patients: AcurosBV vs. AAPM TG43 formalism
Authors: Radcliffe Billie Ann , Kim Yongbok , Raffi Julie , Ayala‐Peacock Diandra N. , Stephens Sarah J. , Chino Junzo , Meltsner Sheridan , Craciunescu Oana
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This retrospective analysis was completed to investigate the use of a model‐based dose calculation algorithm (MBDCA) AcurosBV, for use in HDR BT treatments for locally advanced cervical cancer treated with tandem and ovoid applicators with interstitial needles.

Methods

A cohort of 32 patients receiving post‐EBRT HDR brachytherapy boost with a prescription dose of 5.5 Gy × 5 fractions to the high‐risk clinical target volume (CTVHR) were selected for this study. For standard TG43 dose calculation, applicators were manually digitized on the planning images, while for AcurosBV calculations, solid renderings of Titanium Fletcher Suite Delclos (FSD) applicators included in BrachyVision were matched to those used clinically and Ti needles were manually digitized. The dose was recalculated using Varian's AcurosBV 13.5 and dose‐to‐medium‐in‐medium (Dm,m) was reported. EQD2 values for targets and organs at risk were compared between dose calculation formalisms. D90% and D98% values were reported for the high and intermediate‐risk CTVs, and values were reported for OARs including bladder, rectum, sigmoid, bowel, and vagina. Due to variability within the patient cohort, the dosimetric impact of AcurosBV was investigated corresponding to planning image modality (CT vs. CBCT), presence of Ti needles, and contrast within vaginal balloons used to stabilize implants. AcurosBV showed lower dosimetric values for all plans compared to TG43.

Results

The average ± standard deviation of dosimetric reduction in D90% was 4.33 ± 0.09% for CTVHR and 4.12 ± 0.09% for CTVIR. The reduction to OARs was: 4.99 ± 0.15% for bladder, 7.87 ± 0.16% for rectum, 5.79 ± 0.17% for sigmoid, 6.91 ± 0.14% for bowel, and 4.55 ± 0.14% for vagina.

Conclusions

AcurosBV should be utilized for HDR BT GYN cases, treated with tandem and ovoid applicators, with high degrees of heterogeneity and calculated in tandem with TG43.
Ultrahigh Capacitive Energy Storage in a Heterogeneous Nanolayered Composite
Authors: Li Xinhui , Chen Xiaoxiao , Wang Jian , Zhen Xin , Lei Chunyu , Shen Zhonghui , Zhang Xin , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: October 2024

Ferroelectric polymers with robust electrical polarization have been extensively investigated for capacitive energy storage. However, their inherent ferroelectric hysteresis loss limits the discharged energy density and compromises energy efficiency. Here, a heterogeneous nanolayered composite of ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) and Al2O3 is presented, which effectively mitigates ferroelectric hysteresis loss while maintaining high polarization and enhanced breakdown strength. Phase‐field simulations indicate that the polarization behaviors of the heterogeneous layered structure are jointly influenced by the thickness and dielectric constant of each component, which balances the electrical energy and Landau energy within the heterogeneous system. Guided by the theoretical simulations, optimized polarization behaviors are achieved with a significant reduction in remnant polarization and ferroelectric loss in the P(VDF‐TrFE)/Al2O3 composites through careful control of P(VDF‐TrFE) thickness at nanometer scale. Moreover, the presence of multiple interfaces in the layered composites leads to a remarkable enhancement in polarization and breakdown strength. Consequently, an ultrahigh energy density of about 108 J cm−3 is achieved with a high charge–discharge efficiency of exceeding 80%. This work not only presents a straightforward approach to modify the polarization behaviors of ferroelectric polymers but also demonstrates a promising strategy for developing high‐energy‐density polymer nanocomposites.
Electronic Confinement‐Restrained MnNa·${\mathrm{Mn}}_{{\mathrm{Na}}}^{\mathrm{\cdot}}$ Anti‐Site Defects in Sodium‐Rich Phosphates Toward Multi‐Electron Transfer and High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Zhang Heng , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Heng Yong‐Li , Liu Yan , Yang Jia‐Lin , Zheng Shuo‐Hang , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: October 2024

Sodium (Na) super‐ionic conductor structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3 (NMTP) cathodes have garnered interest owing to their cost‐effectiveness and high operating voltages. However, the voltage hysteresis phenomenon triggered by anti‐site defects (‐ASD), namely, the occupation of Mn2+ in the Na2 vacancies in NMTP, leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and low energy efficiency. This study employs an innovative electronic confinement‐restrained strategy to achieve the regulation of ‐ASD. Partial replacement of titanium (Ti) with electron‐rich vanadium (V) favors strong electronic interactions with Mn2+, restraining Mn2+ migration. The results suggest that this strategy can significantly increase the vacancy formation energy and migration energy barrier of manganese (Mn), thus inhibiting ‐ASD formation. As proof of this concept, an Na‐rich Na3.5MnTi0.5V0.5(PO4)3 (NMTVP) material is designed, wherein the electronic interaction enhanced the redox activity and achieved more Na+ storage under high‐voltage. The NMTVP cathode delivered a reversible specific capacity of up to 182.7 mAh g−1 and output an excellent specific energy of 513.8 Wh kg−1, corresponding to ≈3.2 electron transfer processes, wherein the energy efficiency increased by 35.5% at 30 C. Through the confinement effect of electron interactions, this strategy provides novel perspectives for the exploitation and breakthrough of high‐energy‐density cathode materials in Na‐ion batteries.
An Oriented Diffusion Strategy to Configure All‐Region Ultrahigh‐Density Metal Single Atoms for High‐Capacity Sodium Storage
Authors: Ai Lishen , Zhao Zongbin , Song Xuedan , Tang Yongchao , Li Yong , Wang Xuzhen , Bi Honghui , Yuan Yanbing , Qiu Jieshan
Published: October 2024

Single‐atom metals (SAMs), despite being promising for high‐utilization catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage, usually suffer from limited catalytic performance caused by low metal loading. Herein, via an oriented diffusion strategy, all‐region ultrahigh‐loading (18.9 wt.%) Sn‐SAMs over carbon nanorings matrix (Sn‐SAMs@CNR) are initially achieved based on the transformation of a g‐C3N4@SnO2@polydopamine ring‐like nested structure. The formation process of Sn‐SAMs involves a critical conversion from oxygen‐coordination (SnO2) to nitrogen‐coordination (Sn‐N4) and simultaneous anti‐Osterwalder ripening promoted under spatial confinement. Notably, the g‐C3N4‐derived N‐containing gaseous intermediates dynamically drive the oriented diffusion (inside‐out diffusion) of Sn‐SAMs across the carbon nanorings, realizing an all‐region ultrahigh loading of SAMs throughout the carbon matrix. This strategy is also applied to other metal materials (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Sb), and features excellent universality. When applied as the anode for sodium‐ion batteries, experimental analyses and theoretical calculations demonstrate that high‐loading Sn‐N4 active sites significantly optimize electron density distribution and improve reaction kinetics. Consequently, Sn‐SAMs@CNR exhibits outstanding durability of 364 mAh g−1   even after 5000 cycles with an impressively low (0.00068%) capacity decay per cycle. This work opens up a universally new avenue for all‐region ultrahigh loading of SAMs to carbon matrix for high‐performance energy storage.
Effect of Epoxy Conductive Adhesive on Film Deformation During the Thermoforming Process for In‐Mold Electronic Devices
Authors: Arias‐García Francisco Ituriel , Lozano‐Hernandez Nekane , Ruldua Maria Lluisa Maspoch , Baig Enric Fontdecaba
Published: October 2024

In‐Mold Electronics (IME) is an innovative technology that allows the creation of 3D‐shaped electronic surfaces by combining printed electronics and In‐Mold Decoration (IMD). During the manufacturing process, the materials that integrate these devices, such as adhesive, must endure the transformation conditions of thermoforming. However, the adhesive rigidity may influence the deformation of the film during this process. In this study, both printed and hybridized samples are compared regarding their stretching and thickness reduction during the thermoforming process. The results indicate that the deformation of the hybridized samples differs from the printed ones, resulting in less stretching in areas near the adhesive, with stretching increasing as it steps away from where it is deposited. Thickness values are also affected, being greater around the adhesive and decreasing farther away. Therefore, the presence of the adhesive significantly impacts the behavior of the film during processing, a factor that must be considered in the design of IME devices to maximize the number of functional devices.
Reprogrammable 3D Shapes from 1D Metamaterial
Authors: Ben‐Abu Ezra , Zigelman Anna , Veksler Yaron , Givli Sefi , Filipov Evgueni , Lipson Hod , Gat Amir D.
Published: October 2024

Three billion years of evolution have produced a vast variety of protein molecules, whose functions are directly dependent on their ability to assume and maintain specific shapes. Proteins are defined by the sequence and chemical characteristics of their amino acids, which dictate their 3D shape and function, ranging from enzymatic activity to immune responses. Here, we explore a synthetic form of linear structure that can be bent in a programmable way into various specific 3D shapes inspired by the way functional proteins are defined using genetic codes. This synthetic structure is based on non‐circular multistable corrugated tubes, which can be fabricated at various length scales and cross‐sectional shapes, thus enabling the modification of their properties. Additionally, the cross‐section shape can be rewritten multiple times, allowing for the repair of structural damage and the rewriting of the properties of the structure's multi‐stability. A numerical model is used to describe the bending energy landscape of different cross‐sections. The proposed reprogrammable 3D shapes of a rewritable 1D metamaterial are promising candidates for futuristic robotic systems, complex deployable structures, catheter devices, and energy absorption and harvesting.
NIR‐II Anti‐Stokes Luminescence Nanocrystals with 1710 nm Excitation for in vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Chen Zi‐Han , Yun Baofeng , Hou Yanran , Wang Xiaohan , Wang Xusheng , Xu Jing , Jiang Li , Han Ting , Zhang Hongxin , Zhang Fan
Published: October 2024

Anti‐Stokes luminescence (ASL) based on lanthanide nanocrystals holds immense promise for in vivo optical imaging and bio‐detection, which benefits from filtered autofluorescence. However, the current longest emission and excitation wavelengths of lanthanide ASL system were shorter than 1200 nm and 1532 nm, respectively, which limited tissue penetration depth and caused low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of in vivo imaging due to tissue scattering and water absorption. In this work, we extended the excitation wavelength to 1710 nm with the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) emission up to 1650 nm through a novel ASL nanocrystal LiYF4 : 10 %Tm@LiYF4 : 70 %Er@LiYF4. Compared with 1532 nm excited ASL nanoprobes, the 1710 nm excited nanocrystals could improve in vivo imaging SNR by 12.72 folds. Based on this excellent imaging performance of the proposed ASL nanoprobes, three‐channel in vivo dynamic multiplexed imaging was achieved, which quantitatively revealed metabolic rates of intestinal dynamics and liver enrichment under anesthetized and awake states. This innovative ASL nanoprobes and dynamic multiplexed imaging technology would be conducive to optimizing dosing regimen and treatment plans across various physiological conditions.
Chemically Stable Diazo Peptides as Selective Probes of Cysteine Proteases in Living Cells
Authors: Wahl Juliane , Ahsanullah  , Zupan Hana , Gottschalk Franziska , Nerlich Andreas , Arkona Christoph , Hocke Andreas C. , Keller Bettina G. , Rademann Jörg
Published: October 2024

Diazo peptides have been described earlier, however, due to their high reactivity have not been broadly used until today. Here, we report the preparation, properties, and applications of chemically stable internal diazo peptides. Peptidyl phosphoranylidene‐esters and amides were found to react with triflyl azide primarily to novel 3,4‐disubstituted triazolyl‐peptides. Nonaflyl azide instead furnished diazo peptides, which are chemically stable from pH 1–14 as amides and from pH 1–8 as esters. Thus, diazo peptides prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis were stable to final deprotection with 95 % trifluoroacetic acid. Diazo peptides with the recognition sequence of caspase‐3 were identified as specific, covalent, and irreversible inhibitors of this enzyme at low nanomolar concentrations. A fluorescent diazo peptide entered living cells enabling microscopic imaging and quantification of apoptotic cells via flow cytometry. Thus, internal diazo peptides constitute a novel class of activity‐based probes and enzyme inhibitors useful in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry.
Supramolecular Interfacial Assembly: Integrating Supramolecular Hosts into Polymeric Membranes through an Aqueous Interface
Authors: Fang Fang , Liu Peiren , Lin Weibin , Alimi Lukman O. , Moosa Basem , Maltseva Elizaveta , Khashab Niveen M.
Published: October 2024

Efficient incorporation of macrocycles in polymeric membranes can impart the overall matrix with new properties for a range of cutting‐edge applications. Here, we introduce a Supramolecular Interfacial Assembly (SIA) method for the fabrication of polymeric membranes featuring embedded macrocycles. Through harnessing the quasi‐liquid nature of the concentrated polymer solution, SIA orchestrates the homogeneous spreading of macrocycles in an aqueous layer on its surface, leading to the creation of an interface between “water/water” phases, subsequently forming a cross‐linked membrane driven by supramolecular electrostatic interactions. Remarkably, compared to the traditional interfacial polymerization, SIA adheres to a “green” paradigm without the need for organic solvents. The resultant composite membrane exhibits superior performance in organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), owing to the precise molecular sieving property provided by the macrocycles with well‐defined permanent cavities. This fabrication method holds great promise for the innovative design and production of composite membranes that seamlessly integrates macrocycles with conventional polymers, which can greatly impact the design and preparation of advanced membrane materials in the future.
Electrospun Mesoporous Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ‐ CNT ‐ Hollow Carbon Ternary Composite Nanofibers as High Performance Electrodes for Advanced Symmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Sudheendra Budhiraju Venkata , Runkana Venkataramana , Sharma Ashutosh , Sivakumar Sri
Published: October 2024

Spinel ferrites have attracted considerable interest in energy storage systems due to their unique magnetic, electrical and catalytic properties. However, they suffer from poor electronic conductivity and low specific capacity. We have addressed this limitation by synthesizing composite hollow carbon nanofibers (HCNF) embedded with nanostructured Nickel Zinc Ferrite (NZF) and Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT), through coaxial electrospinning. These ternary composite nanofibers NZF‐CNT‐HCNF have a high specific capacity of 833 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and have a capacity retention of 90 % after 3000 cycles. Their performance is much better than pure NZF fibers (180 C g−1) or hollow carbon nanofibers (96 C g−1), suggesting synergy between various constituents of the composite. A symmetric supercapacitor fabricated from NZF‐CNT‐HCNF composite nanofibers (30 % NZF) has a high specific capacity of 302 C g−1 (302 A g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1 and has a capacity retention of 95 % after 5000 cycles. At the same current density, the device has a high energy density of 39 Whkg−1 and power density of 1000 Wkg−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. This performance can be attributed to the high specific surface area (776 m2 g−1), mesoporosity (pore size ~4 nm), interconnectedness of the nanofibers and high electrical conductivity of CNTs. These fibers can be used as light‐weight high performance electrode materials in advanced energy storage devices.
Rapid Degradation of Dye Effluents with A SnS Catalyst: A Sustainable Approach Using Natural Light Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Bhatia Geetanjali , Jagirdar Balaji R.
Published: October 2024

Dye degradation presents a persistent challenge in addressing water pollution. While several methods, including adsorption, biodegradation, and advanced oxidation processes, have been extensively explored, photocatalysis remains one of the most effective techniques. Conventional photocatalytic dye degradation processes often rely on expensive light sources and are time‐intensive. Herein, we synthesized a SnS catalyst by the solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) method, using Sn foil and sulfur powder. The catalyst exhibited remarkable performance, achieving complete degradation of methylene blue within 2 minutes under ambient room light, without the need for any external light source. Similar degradation efficiency was achieved for methyl orange. To evaluate the role of light for the degradation, control experiments were conducted in the dark using methylene blue as a model dye. Although the degradation rate was slightly reduced, the catalyst still facilitated dye degradation in the absence of light. Additionally, the catalytic performance was tested with four other dyes under natural light, all of which yielded promising results, demonstrating the versatility and effectiveness of the SnS catalyst in dye degradation. This work highlights the potential of the SnS catalyst for efficient and rapid dye degradation under both light and dark conditions, offering an energy‐efficient solution for wastewater treatment.
Are Recommendation Systems Annoying? An Empirical Study of Assessing the Impacts of AI Characteristics on Technology Well‐Being
Authors: Wang Zi , Yuan Ruizhi , Li Boying
Published: October 2024

Recommendation systems—that is, a class of machine learning algorithm tools that filter vendors' offerings based on customer data and automatically recommend or generate personalized predictions—are empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) technology and embedded with AI characteristics; but the potential consequences for customer well‐being are greatly overlooked. Hence, this research investigates the impact of AI characteristics on technology well‐being (self‐efficacy, technology satisfaction, emotional dissonance, and autonomy) through two mechanisms: intuitiveness versus intrusiveness. A literature review which conceptualizes AI characteristics and technology well‐being in the recommendation system context is followed by a US‐based survey approach which shows that higher levels of information optimization, predictability, human likeness, and customizability lead to higher levels of intuitiveness, whereas only information optimization and human likeness leads to increased intrusiveness. However, both intuitiveness and intrusiveness are found to promote technology well‐being in the context of a recommendation system, especially for those more vulnerable individuals who respond positively to intrusiveness. Hence, the conclusion is “the recommendations are not always annoying,” whereby the relationships between AI characteristics and technology well‐being are significantly influenced by perceived intrusiveness. These findings help business practitioners to identify how consumers perceive and engage different AI characteristics, and therefore could better take care of technology well‐being while boosting AI development.
Multidrug Resistance Reversed by Maleimide Interactions. A Biological and Synthetic Overview for an Emerging Field
Authors: Hernández‐Velázquez Edson D. , Granados‐López Angelica J. , López Jesús Adrián , Solorio‐Alvarado César R.
Published: October 2024

Multidrug Resistance (MDR) can be considered one of the most frightening adaptation types in bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and eukaryotic cells. It allows the organisms to survive the attack of many drugs used in the daily basis. This forces the development of new and more complex, highly specific drugs to fight diseases. Given the high usage of medicaments, poor variation in active chemical cores, and self‐medication, the appearance of MDR is more frequent each time, and has been established as a serious medical and social problem. Over the years it has been possible the identification of several genes and proteins responsible for MDR and with that the development of blockers of them to reach MDR reversion and try to avoid a global problem. These mechanisms also have been observed in cancer cells, and several calcium channel blockers have been successful in MDR reversion, and the maleimide can be found included in them. In this review, we explore particularly the tree main proteins involved in cancer chemoresistance, MRP1 (encoded by ABCC1), BCRP (encoded by ABCG2) and P‐gp (encoded by ABCB1). The participation of P‐gp is remarkably important, and several aspects of its regulations are discussed. Additionally, we address the history, mechanisms, reversion efforts, and we specifically focused on the maleimide synthesis as MDR‐reversers in co‐administration, as well as on how their biological applications are imperative to expand the available information and explore a very plausible MDR reversion source.
The unlikely combination: Anderson–Fabry disease and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II in a pediatric patient
Authors: Elsherif Yasmine , Ibrahim Ismail A. , Elsherif Omar , Abukhadijah Hana J.
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

Anderson‐Fabry disease, a rare X‐linked lysosomal disorder, and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) Type II, an autosomal recessive condition, both have distinct inheritance patterns. Their co‐occurrence is extremely rare, never been reported before. Therefore, screening is crucial for early management, and families should seek genetic counseling for children showing unusual presentations.

Anderson‐Fabry disease (AFD) is a rare condition, characterized by a lysosomal storage disorder affecting lipid storage. It manifests in two forms: classic (early‐onset) and nonclassic (late‐onset). Conversely, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) is a rare blood disorder caused by ineffective erythropoiesis, which results in the production of abnormal erythroblasts during the maturation of red blood cells, with CDA type II being the most frequent type. Both disorders have well‐understood pathophysiologies, yet they are genetically distinct. AFD is inherited in an X‐linked manner, whereas CDA type II follows an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Although both AFD and CDA type II have been reported separately in the literature. The co‐existence for both AFD and CDA type II has not been reported. We describe a 10‐year‐old boy, with both which is believed to be the first documented case.
Exploring the Utility of Cell‐Penetrating Peptides as Vehicles for the Delivery of Distinct Antimalarial Drug Cargoes
Authors: Gare Caitlin L. , Palombi Isabella R. , White Andrew M. , Chavchich Marina , Edstein Michael D. , Lock Aaron , Avery Vicky M. , Craik David J. , McMorran Brendan J. , Lawrence Nicole , Malins Lara R.
Published: October 2024

The devastating impact of malaria includes significant mortality and illness worldwide. Increasing resistance of the causative parasite, Plasmodium, to existing antimalarial drugs underscores a need for additional compounds with distinct modes of action in the therapeutic development pipeline. Here we showcase peptide‐drug conjugates (PDCs) as an attractive compound class, in which therapeutic or lead antimalarials are chemically conjugated to cell‐penetrating peptides. This approach aims to enhance selective uptake into Plasmodium‐infected red blood cells and impart additional cytotoxic actions on the intraerythrocytic parasite, thereby enabling targeted drug delivery and dual modes of action. We describe the development of PDCs featuring four compounds with antimalarial activity—primaquine, artesunate, tafenoquine and methotrexate—conjugated to three cell‐penetrating peptide scaffolds with varied antiplasmodial activity, including active and inactive analogues of platelet factor 4 derived internalization peptide (PDIP), and a cyclic polyarginine peptide. Development of this diverse set of PDCs featured distinct and adaptable conjugation strategies, to produce conjugates with in vitro antiplasmodial activities ranging from low nanomolar to low micromolar potencies according to the drug cargo and bioactivity of the partner peptide. Overall, this study establishes a strategic and methodological framework for the further development of dual mode of action peptide‐drug antimalarial therapeutics.
Cocaine‐ and Amphetamine‐Regulated Transcript Peptide in the Central Nervous System of the Gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii: Molecular Characterization, Neuroanatomical Organization, and Regulation by Neuropeptide Y
Authors: Singh Omprakash , Basu Sumela , Srivastava Abhinav , Pradhan Dipti R. , Dandapat Pallabi , Bathrachalam Chandramohan , Singru Praful S.
Published: October 2024

Neuropeptide cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART) is widely expressed in the brains of teleosts, amphibians, birds, and mammals and has emerged as a conserved regulator of energy balance across these vertebrate phyla. However, as yet, there is no information on CART in the reptilian brain. We characterized the cDNA encoding CART and mapped CART‐containing elements in the brain of gecko, Hemidactylus leschenaultii (hl) using a specific anti‐CART antiserum. We report a 683‐bp hlcart transcript containing a 336‐bp open reading frame, which encodes a putative 111‐amino acid hl‐preproCART. The 89‐amino acid hl‐proCART generated from hl‐preproCART produced two putative bioactive hl‐CART‐peptides. These bioactive CART‐peptides were > 93% similar with those in rats/humans. Although reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) detected hlcart‐transcript in the brain, CART‐containing neurons/fibers were widely distributed in the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon, spinal cord, and retina. The mitral cells in olfactory bulb, neurons in the paraventricular, periventricular, arcuate (Arc), Edinger–Westphal, and brainstem nuclei were intensely CART‐positive. In view of antagonistic roles of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and CART in energy balance in the framework of mammalian hypothalamus, we probed CART–NPY interaction in the hypothalamus of H. leschenaultii. Double immunofluorescence showed a dense NPY‐innervation of Arc CART neurons. Ex vivo hypothalamic slices treated with NPY/NPY‐Y1‐receptor agonist significantly reduced hlcart‐mRNA levels in the Arc‐containing tissues and CART‐ir in the dorsal‐Arc. However, CART‐ir in ventral‐Arc was unaffected. NPY via Y1‐receptors may regulate energy balance by inhibiting dArc CART neurons. This study on CART in a reptilian brain fills the current void in literature and underscores the conserved feature of the neuropeptide across the entire vertebrate phyla.
Inter‐Strain Differences in the Lumbar Spinal Cord Anatomy and Neuromorphology: Wistar Versus Dark Agouti Rats
Authors: Veshchitskii Aleksandr , Shkorbatova Polina , Efimova Evgeniya , Merkulyeva Natalia
Published: October 2024

Rat strains differ in physiology, behavior, and recovery after central nervous system injury. To assess these differences, we compared the gross and local anatomy and neuromorphology of the lumbar spinal cord of the Wistar and Dark Agouti (DA) strains. The key findings include (i) distinct spatial relationships between vertebrae and spinal segments in the two strains; (ii) Wistar rats have larger volumes of spinal cord gray and white matter; (iii) DA rats have smaller total neuronal populations, thus indicating an expectation of smaller local neuronal populations; (iv) this expectation was confirmed for interneurons expressing calbindin 28 kDa. But contrary to expectations, (v) DA rats had more numerous populations of the interneurons expressing parvalbumin and a population of α‐motoneurons. Consequently, these strains displayed divergent ratios in specific spinal neuronal populations. Researchers should consider these inter‐strain differences when comparing data across different strains.
Smooth asymptotics for collapsing Calabi–Yau metrics
Authors: Hein Hans‐Joachim , Tosatti Valentino
Published: October 2024

We prove that Calabi–Yau metrics on compact Calabi–Yau manifolds whose Kähler classes shrink the fibers of a holomorphic fibration have a priori estimates of all orders away from the singular fibers. To this end, we prove an asymptotic expansion of these metrics in terms of powers of the fiber diameter, with ‐order remainders that satisfy uniform ‐estimates with respect to a collapsing family of background metrics. The constants in these estimates are uniform not only in the sense that they are independent of the fiber diameter, but also in the sense that they only depend on the constant in the estimate for known from previous work of the second‐named author. For , the new estimates are proved by blowup and contradiction, and each additional term of the expansion arises as the obstruction to proving a uniform bound on one additional derivative of the remainder.
How to motivate adolescents: Treatment can be scary
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2024

Motivation has long been considered key to sending adolescents with mental or substance use disorders in the direction of recovery. But how do you motivate an adolescent, to whom motivational approaches may feel like a call to battle — or even worse, an excuse for running away? Lauren Sbarbaro, Ph.D., a psychologist licensed in alcohol and drug treatment who trained at Hazelden, shared some insights with attendees at the Cape Cod Symposium on Addictive Disorders (CCSAD) in Hyannis, Massachusetts in September.
Crumb bums? Context dependence in ecosystem services supplied by common urban animals
Authors: Swartz Timothy M. , Blaney Alison R. , Behm Jocelyn E.
Published: October 2024

Bolstering the supply of animal‐mediated ecosystem services is an emerging priority in human‐altered landscapes. Such services are driven not only by environmental factors that shape communities of species that provide the service but also by the ecological context that affects the behavior of these species. In this study, we used a field experiment to investigate an ecosystem service that depends on resource use behavior—the removal of littered food waste by birds and squirrels in urban green spaces. We first explore how landscape‐scale urbanization affects the composition of the litter‐removing species community. We then examine two facets of waste removal provisioning—the amount of food removed and the speed of removal—and how they vary across ecological contexts represented by green space type (picnic areas, urban parks, and forest preserves), bird and squirrel abundance, number of people, amount of existing litter, and weather conditions. We found that although landscape‐scale urbanization affected the composition of species within green spaces, service provisioning was context‐dependent. Littered food removal services were provided at higher rates in park and picnic sites than in forest preserves and the abundance of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) was a main driver of littered food removal services. Where squirrels were abundant, more food was removed, and food removal began and was completed more quickly. When squirrel abundance is accounted for, removal from picnic areas is higher than park sites, indicating context dependence in this service is likely driven by squirrel behavioral responses to ambient food waste levels in these habitats. This study highlights the role of common urban species in providing a valuable ecosystem service and the importance of ecological context in its supply. Efforts to account for animal‐mediated ecosystem services in human‐altered landscapes should address the potential for services to be driven by a single species and context‐dependent factors that influence behavior.
Using Environmental DNA to Detect and Identify Sweetpotato Whitefly Bemisia argentifolii and Twospotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae in Greenhouse‐Grown Tomato Plants
Authors: Lee‐Rodriguez Jonathan , Ranger Christopher M. , Leach Ashley , Michel Andrew , Reding Michael E. , Canas Luis
Published: October 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) consists of genetic material shed by living organisms, including those that are deceased, offering a unique opportunity to detect and identify terrestrial insect pests without requiring visual identification. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, are notorious for causing crop losses through virus transmission and direct feeding. Our study aimed to: (1) assess the effectiveness of B. argentifolii literature‐based PCR primers compared to newly developed primers for eDNA amplification, (2) evaluate the sensitivity of conventional PCR (cPCR) and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting eDNA of B. argentifolii and T. urticae, (3) establish a rapid eDNA processing methodology using the LGC Biosearch Technologies QuickExtract DNA extraction kit and the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit, and (4) test the specificity of the developed primers against non‐target species. B. argentifolii and T. urticae were confined to tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum) using clip cages for 24 h, after which eDNA was collected from leaf surfaces using a water spray method, filtered, and processed for DNA amplification. While literature‐based primers showed sufficient sensitivity, their specificity for eDNA applications was inadequate, prompting the design of novel PCR primers for both pest species. Positive eDNA detection was achieved with both amplification methods, with qPCR proving more reliable than cPCR due to the latter's inconsistent performance with positive control samples. We also introduced a rapid eDNA processing approach using the QuickExtract DNA extraction kit, contrasting it with the more conventional Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. We believe that our findings are the first step toward the practical use of eDNA as a highly sensitive, early detection technique.
Baroreflex activation therapy in advanced heart failure: A long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Wang Dong , Mueller‐Leisse Johanna , Hillmann Henrike A.K. , Eiringhaus Jörg , Berliner Dominik , Karfoul Nizar , Schmitto Jan D. , Ruhparwar Arjang , Bauersachs Johann , Duncker David
Published: October 2024

Aims

Baroreceptor activation therapy (BAT) is a promising new treatment strategy for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It provides symptomatic relief, improvement in left ventricular function and reduction of cardiac biomarkers. Data regarding the long‐term effect of BAT on HFrEF are scarce. This retrospective, monocentric study aimed to assess long‐term outcome in patients who underwent BAT.

Methods

Patients with HFrEF who received BAT at Hannover Medical School between 2014 and 2023 were followed until the latest available follow‐up. Symptom burden, echocardiography and laboratory testing were assessed before BAT implantation and in subsequent follow‐ups.

Results

Twenty‐three patients (mean age 66 ± 10 years, 83% male) with HFrEF were included in the study. Aetiology of heart failure was ischaemic in 70%. The majority of patients (96%) suffered from New York Heart Association (NYHA) III with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 23 ± 8% and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) of 2463 ± 2922 pg/mL. A complication occurred in one patient during BAT implantation (4%). The mean follow‐up was 3 ± 2 (max. 7.5) years. BAT reduced NYHA classification in 12 patients (52%) after 1 year, of which one patient remained in ameliorated NYHA for 7.5 years. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed significant improvement in LVEF by 9 ± 9% after 1 year (P < 0.001) and by 11 ± 9% (P = 0.005) after 2 years. In addition, BAT mildly reduced NT‐proBNP in the first 2 years [non‐significantly after 1 year by 396 ± 1006 pg/mL and significantly after 2 years by 566 ± 651 pg/mL (P = 0.039)]. Seven patients reaching the recommended replacement time underwent device exchange. Four patients died during observation time.

Conclusions

BAT resulted in a substantial reduction in NYHA classification and improvement in LVEF that lasted over long‐term follow‐up in many patients. NT‐proBNP level decreased interim in long‐term follow‐up. These findings highlight the long‐term efficacy and potential benefits of BAT as a therapeutic intervention for patients with HFrEF.
A spike is a spike: On the universality of spike features in four epilepsy models
Authors: Sargsyan Armen , Casillas‐Espinosa Pablo M. , Melkonian Dmitri , O'Brien Terence J. , van Luijtelaar Gilles
Published: October 2024

Objective

Frequency properties of the EEG characteristics of different seizure types including absence seizures have been described for various rodent models of epilepsy. However, little attention has been paid to the frequency properties of individual spike–wave complexes (SWCs), the constituting elements characterizing the different generalized seizure types. Knowledge of their properties is not only important for understanding the mechanisms underlying seizure generation but also for the identification of epileptiform activity in various seizure types. Here, we compared the frequency properties of SWCs in different epilepsy models.

Methods

A software package was designed and used for the extraction and frequency analysis of SWCs from long‐term EEG of four spontaneously seizing, chronic epilepsy models: a post‐status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy, a lateral fluid percussion injury model of post‐traumatic epilepsy, and two genetic models of absence epilepsy—GAERS and rats of the WAG/Rij strain. The SWCs within the generalized seizures were separated into fast (three‐phasic spike) and slow (mostly containing the wave) components. Eight animals from each model were used (32 recordings, 104 510 SWCs in total). A limitation of our study is that the recordings were hardware‐filtered (high‐pass), which could affect the frequency composition of the EEG.

Results

We found that the three‐phasic spike component was similar in all animal models both in time and frequency domains, their amplitude spectra showed a single expressed peak at 18–20 Hz. The slow component showed a much larger variability across the rat models.

Significance

Despite differences in the morphology of the epileptiform activity in different models, the frequency composition of the spike component of single SWCs is identical and does not depend on the particular epilepsy model. This fact may be used for the development of universal algorithms for seizure detection applicable to different rat models of epilepsy.

Plain Language Summary

There is a large variety between people with epilepsy regarding the clinical manifestations and the electroencephalographic (EEG) phenomena accompanying the epileptic seizures. Here, we show that one of the EEG signs of epilepsy, an epileptic spike, is universal, since it has the same shape and frequency characteristics in different animal models of generalized epilepsies, despite differences in recording sites and location.
Preparation of Cu‐MOF/Bi2WO6 Binary Composites by the Solvothermal Method: Its Characterization and Application as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Tomar Sneha , Singh V. K.
Published: October 2024

In this research, the synthesis of a binary composite was conducted by combining Cu‐MOF and Bi2WO6. The resulting composite, denoted as CuBW, was systematically prepared with varying weight percentages: CuBW20, CuBW50, and CuBW80. To assess the properties of the composites, multiple characterization techniques were employed, including FTIR, XRD, FESEM‐Elemental Mapping, BET‐BJH, TEM, HRTEM‐SAED, and XPS. The composites were subjected to electrochemical testing utilizing a three‐electrode system, with 3 M KOH serving as the electrolyte. Through the electrochemical study, various parameters were evaluated and subsequently compared to determine any differences or similarities among the different compositions. CuBW80 exhibits superior performance with a specific capacity of 1137 F g−1, specific energy of 11 Wh kg−1, and specific power of 4000 W kg−1 at an operating current density of 0.5 A g−1. In the cyclic stability test, CuBW80 demonstrated superior performance by retaining approximately 83% of its initial specific capacitance over 10000 cycles. This further highlights its resilience and durability, reinforcing its suitability for extended and reliable use in energy storage applications.
Building Resilient Food Security Against Global Crisis: New Evidence From China
Authors: Chen Zuanxu , Zhang Marina , Dong Rebecca Kechen , Wang Shengpeng
Published: October 2024

The existing literature addresses the importance of food system disruptions and the risk of the global food crisis. However, there is insufficient understanding of response strategies and their effectiveness evaluations. This study offers a comprehensive introduction to China's food security policies and evaluates their effectiveness in enhancing the nation's risk resistance capability. Utilizing the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), we evaluated China's provincial food security resilience (FSR) from 2003 to 2020 and adopted the ArcGIS platform to map spatiotemporal trends. Our findings reveal significant improvements in FSR nationwide, with a notable average annual growth rate of 1%–5%. However, regional disparities persist, with higher resilience observed in eastern provinces compared to the west. The study emphasizes the effectiveness of China's food security policies, which have synergistically enhanced grain production, agricultural mechanization, and farmers’ economic conditions. The article offers policy recommendations aimed at bolstering China's FSR and challenges with global implications. Our study contributes to the broader discourse on global food security by offering a nuanced understanding of the effectiveness of policy interventions in a major agricultural economy.
Red cell distribution width and mean platelet volume detection in patients with endometrial cancer and endometrial hyperplasia
Authors: Rafiei Sorouri Zahra , Kabodmehri Roya , Milani Forozan , Parvari Parmoon
Published: October 2024

Background

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy in women in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing annually. Due to the availability and cost‐effectiveness of serum markers of red cell distribution width (RDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV), we decided to investigate these two important markers in patients with endometrial cancer and assess their role in diagnosing the tumor and differentiate it from endometrial hyperplasia and other causes of bleeding.

Methods

This is a case‐control study that examined the data of patients who were referred to Al‐Zahra Hospital during 2022–2023 with complaints of abnormal bleeding and underwent diagnostic curettage. Based on the pathology findings, the patients were divided into 3 groups, including endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and control. The clinical characteristics and results of MPV and RDW were compared in these three groups. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. was used for data analysis.

Results

In this study, 87 women were examined in three groups endometrial cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, and control with a mean age of 52.70 ± 11.63 years. The results showed that the endometrial cancer group, had higher gravida, underlying disease, history of radiation therapy, anticoagulant therapy, blood transfusion, surgery, and family history of cancer (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the endometrial cancer group had lower menstrual age and history of using contraceptives than other groups (p < 0.05). In addition, in this study, the results indicated that the levels of MPV and RDW in the endometrial cancer group were significantly higher than in the endometrial hyperplasia and control groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Since MPV and RDW are cheap and accessible and can be easily obtained from complete blood count panels, they can be used as suitable diagnostic markers for endometrial cancer. However, conducting comprehensive multicenter prospective studies with a larger sample size can be helpful.
Antibodies to specific domains of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 and its relationship with protection from severe malarial anemia: A prospective study among Ghanaian children
Authors: Nkansah Charles , Osei‐Boakye Felix , Abbam Gabriel , Appiah Samuel K. , Derigubah Charles A. , Bani Simon B. , Daud Samira , Alhassan Emmanuel K. , Adjei Isaac , Appiah‐Kubi Emmanuel , Koduah Anastasia , Boakye Bright , Abdulai Samsiyatu , Anass Neena I. , Serwaa Dorcas , Ukwah Boniface N. , Usanga Victor U. , Chukwurah Ejike F.
Published: October 2024

Background

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein‐1 (PfEMP‐1) is important in malaria pathogenicity as it mediates Pf‐infected erythrocytes cytoadherence to host endothelial microvasculature receptors. Naturally acquired antibodies against specific PfEMP‐1 antigens may be beneficial in clinical malaria protection. This study determined antibodies to DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains of PfEMP‐1 in children with P. falciparum malaria in Tamale, Ghana.

Methods

Sixty P. falciparum‐infected children, and 30 controls, aged 1–12 years were recruited for this case‐control study from April to July 2023 in Northern Ghana. Participants with uncomplicated malaria had asexual P. falciparum in peripheral blood and Hb ≥ 5.0 g/dL, and severe malaria was diagnosed when participants had Hb < 5.0 g/dL in addition to asexual P. falciparum in peripheral blood. Blood cell indices were measured using hematology analyzer, and IgG antibodies to DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains of PfEMP‐1 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.

Results

The prevalence of PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies among P. falciparum‐infected children and the uninfected group was 65.0% and 6.7%, respectively. PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies were present in 83.3% of uncomplicated malaria cases, and 46.7% in severe malaria subjects. Plasma levels of PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies were elevated in participants with uncomplicated malaria compared to those with severe malaria (p < 0.001). Hemoglobin, RBC, HCT, and platelet were significantly lower among P. falciparum‐infected children without PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies than among those with the antibodies. Prevalence of anemia among children with PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies and those without the antibodies were 74.4% and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies to DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains observed in participants with uncomplicated malaria, and the relationship between PfEMP‐1 IgG antibodies and blood cell parameters could indicate that the antibodies may be related to effective erythropoietic response in P. falciparum malaria. Immune antibodies against DBLα2, CIDRα1, DBLβ12, and DBLγ6 domains of PfEMP‐1 may suppress the deteriorating effects of PfEMP‐1 antigens and provide immune protection against severe malarial anemia in children.