bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential for Using Acetic Acid Plus Pear Ester Combination Lures to Monitor Codling Moth in an SIT Program
Authors: Judd Gary
Published: November 2016

Studies were conducted in commercial apple orchards in British Columbia, Canada, to determine whether lures combining ethyl-(E,Z)-2,4-decadienoate, pear ester (PE), with either acetic acid (AA) or sex pheromone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone), might improve monitoring of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in an area-wide programme integrating sterile insect technology (SIT) and mating disruption (MD). Catches of sterile and wild codling moths were compared in apple orchards receiving weekly delivery of sterile moths (1:1 sex ratio) using white delta traps baited with either AA or PE alone, and in combination. Sterile and wild codling moths responded similarly to these kairomone lures. For each moth sex and type (sterile and wild), AA-PE lures were significantly more attractive than AA or PE alone. Bisexual catches with AA-PE lures were compared with those of commercial bisexual lures containing 3 mg of codlemone plus 3 mg of PE (Pherocon CM-DA Combo lure, Trécé Inc., Adair, OK, USA), and to catches of males with standard codlemone-loaded septa used in SIT (1 mg) and MD (10 mg) programmes, respectively. CM-DA lures caught the greatest number of sterile and wild male moths in orchards managed with SIT alone, or combined with MD, whereas AA-PE lures caught 2–3× more females than CM-DA lures under both management systems. Sterile to wild (S:W) ratios for male versus female moths in catches with AA-PE lures were equivalent, whereas in the same orchards, male S:W ratios were significantly greater than female S:W ratios when measured with CM-DA lures. Male S:W ratios measured with CM-DA lures were similar to those with codlemone lures. CM-DA and codlemone lures appear to overestimate S:W ratios as measured by AA-PE lures, probably by attracting relatively more sterile males from long range. Using AA-PE lures to monitor codling moths in an SIT programme removes fewer functional sterile males and reduces the need for trap maintenance compared with using codlemone lures. AA-PE lures allow detection of wild female moths that may measure damage potential more accurately than detection of wild males. The short-range activity of AA-PE lures compared with that of codlemone-based lures appears to improve the ability to measure S:W ratios and the impact of SIT on population control near the site where wild moths are trapped.
Polyketides with Immunosuppressive Activities from Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Penicillium sp. ZJ-SY2
Authors: Liu Hongju , Chen Senhua , Liu Weiyang , Liu Yayue , Huang Xishan , She Zhigang
Published: November 2016

Nine polyketides, including two new benzophenone derivatives, peniphenone (1) and methyl peniphenone (2), along with seven known xanthones (3–9) were obtained from mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. ZJ-SY2 isolated from the leaves of Sonneratia apetala. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D, and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1, 3, 5, and 7 showed potent immunosuppressive activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.9 to 9.3 μg/mL.
Evaluation of Multiple Diagnostic Indicators in Comparison to the Intestinal Biopsy as the Golden Standard in Diagnosing Celiac Disease in Children
Authors: Hollén Elisabet , Farnebäck Malin , Forslund Tony , Magnusson Karl-Eric , Sundqvist Tommy , Fälth-Magnusson Karin
Published: November 2016

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic small intestinal enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. The susceptibility is strongly associated with certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-genes, but efforts are being made in trying to find non-HLA genes that are predictive for the disease. The criteria for diagnosing CD were previously based primarily on histologic evaluation of small intestinal biopsies, but nowadays are often based only on blood tests and symptoms. In this context, we elucidated the accuracy of three diagnostic indicators for CD, alone or in combination. Genetic analyses of HLA-type and nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be associated with CD were performed in 177 children previously investigated for the suspicion of CD. CD was confirmed in 109 children, while 68 were considered non-celiacs. The antibodies and urinary nitrite/nitrate concentrations of all of them were measured. The combinations of all the variables used in the study would classify 93% of the study population in the correct diagnostic group. The single best predictors were antibodies (i.e., anti-endomysium immunoglobulin A (IgA) (EMA) and transglutaminase IgA (TGA)), followed by HLA-type and nitric oxide (NO)-metabolites. The nine SNPs used did not contribute to the right diagnoses. Although our control group consisted of children with mostly gastrointestinal symptoms, the presented methodology predicted a correct classification in more than 90% of the cases.
Phase Evolution of the AlxNbTiVZr (x = 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5) High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Yurchenko Nikita , Stepanov Nikita , Tikhonovsky Mikhail , Salishchev Gennady
Published: November 2016

AlxNbTiVZr (x = 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5) high entropy alloys were fabricated by vacuum arc melting and annealed at 1200 °C for 24 h. The NbTiVZr alloy had single body centered cubic (bcc) solid solution phase after annealing at 1200 °C, while, in the Al-containing alloys, C14 Laves and Zr2Al-type phases are found. The alloys were subjected to annealing at 800 °C and 1000 °C. It was shown that annealing temperature (800 °C or 1000 °C) weakly affected the produced phases but the Al content had pronounced effect on structure of the annealed alloys. The NbTiVZr alloy decomposed into bcc, Zr-rich hexagonal close-packed (hcp), and C15 Laves phases. In the Al0.5NbTiVZr alloy, the bcc matrix phase also decomposed into a mixture of bcc and C14 Laves phases. In the AlNbTiVZr alloy, annealing resulted in an increase of volume fraction of Zr2Al-type phase. Finally, in the Al1.5NbTiVZr alloy, formation of AlNb2-type phase was observed. The highest fraction of second phases appeared after annealing in the NbTiVZr alloy. It is demonstrated that the strong chemical affinity and high enthalpy of formation of intermetallic phases in Al-Zr atomic pair govern the intermetallic phase formation in the alloys at 1200 °C. Increase of volume fraction of second phases in the alloys due to annealing at 800 °C and 1000 °C is in proportion to the decrease of Zr concentration in the bcc matrix phase.
Self-Aligned Interdigitated Transducers for Acoustofluidics
Authors: Ma Zhichao , Teo Adrian , Tan Say , Ai Ye , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: November 2016

The surface acoustic wave (SAW) is effective for the manipulation of fluids and particles at microscale. The current approach of integrating interdigitated transducers (IDTs) for SAW generation into microfluidic channels involves complex and laborious microfabrication steps. These steps often require full access to clean room facilities and hours to align the transducers to the precise location. This work presents an affordable and innovative method for fabricating SAW-based microfluidic devices without the need for clean room facilities and alignment. The IDTs and microfluidic channels are fabricated using the same process and thus are precisely self-aligned in accordance with the device design. With the use of the developed fabrication approach, a few types of different SAW-based microfluidic devices have been fabricated and demonstrated for particle separation and active droplet generation.
Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors from Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the Growth, Flavonoid Accumulation and Antioxidant Property of Fagopyrum tataricum Sprout Cultures
Authors: Zhong Lingyun , Niu Bei , Tang Lin , Chen Fang , Zhao Gang , Zhao Jianglin
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four different fungal polysaccharides, named water-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (WPS), sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (SPS), hydrochloric-extracted mycelia polysaccharide (APS), and exo-polysaccharide (EPS) obtained from the endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Fat9 on the sprout growth, flavonoid accumulation, and antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat. Without visible changes in the appearance of the sprouts, the exogenous polysaccharide elicitors strongly stimulated sprout growth and flavonoid production, and the stimulation effect was closely related with the polysaccharide (PS) species and its treatment dosage. With application of 200 mg/L of EPS, 200 mg/L of APS, 150 mg/L of WPS, or 100 mg/L of SPS, the total rutin and quercetin yields of buckwheat sprouts were significantly increased to 41.70 mg/(100 sprouts), 41.52 mg/(100 sprouts), 35.88 mg/(100 sprouts), and 32.95 mg/(100 sprouts), respectively. This was about 1.11 to 1.40-fold compared to the control culture of 31.40 mg/(100 sprouts). Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of tartary buckwheat sprouts was also enhanced after treatment with the four PS elicitors. Furthermore, the present study revealed the polysaccharide elicitation that caused the accumulation of functional flavonoid by stimulating the phenylpropanoid pathway. The application of beneficial fungal polysaccharide elicitors may be an effective approach to improve the nutritional and functional characteristics of tartary buckwheat sprouts.
A Novel Lighting OLED Panel Design
Authors: Zhang Enyang , Xia Weigao , Yan Xiaojian
Published: November 2016

A novel OLED (organic light emitting diode) lighting panel, which uses a special layout design, can reduce the photolithography cycles and process costs and is more reliable. It only needs two steps of photolithography cycles, which include an ITO (InSnO compound transparent oxide) pattern and insulator pattern. There is no need for the metal bus pattern of the ordinary design. The OLED device structure is a type of red–green–blue (RGB)-stacked emitting layer that has a good color index and greater adjustability, which improves the performance of the device. This novel design has the same equipment and material requirement compared to the ordinary design, and it is very beneficial in terms of high volume and low-cost production. It uses a hyper driving method because the entire OLED lighting panel is divided into many sub-emitting units; if one of the sub-emitting units is burned out, it has no effect on the adjacent sub-emitting unit, so the reliability is markedly better than the ordinary design.
Gold Nanoparticles in Single-Cell Analysis for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Altunbek Mine , Kuku Gamze , Culha Mustafa
Published: November 2016

The need for new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of challenging diseases such as cancer, which often consists of a highly heterogeneous and complex population of cells, brought up the idea of analyzing single cells. The development of novel techniques to analyze single cells has been intensively studied to fully understand specific alternations inducing abnormalities in cellular function. One of the techniques used for single cell analysis is surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in which a noble metal nanoparticle is used to enhance Raman scattering. Due to its low toxicity and biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are commonly preferred as SERS substrates in single cell analysis. The intracellular uptake, localization and toxicity issues of AuNPs are the critical points for interpretation of data since the obtained SERS signals originate from molecules in close vicinity to AuNPs that are taken up by the cells. In this review, the AuNP–living cell interactions, cellular uptake and toxicity of AuNPs in relation to their physicochemical properties, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering from single cells are discussed.
Immobilization of Neutral Protease from Bacillus subtilis for Regioselective Hydrolysis of Acetylated Nucleosides: Application to Capecitabine Synthesis
Authors: Bavaro Teodora , Cattaneo Giulia , Serra Immacolata , Benucci Ilaria , Pregnolato Massimo , Terreni Marco
Published: November 2016

This paper describes the immobilization of the neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis and its application in the regioselective hydrolysis of acetylated nucleosides, including building blocks useful for the preparation of anticancer products. Regarding the immobilization study, different results have been obtained depending on the immobilization procedure. Epoxy hydrophobic carriers gave a poorly stable derivative that released almost 50% of the immobilized protein under the required reaction conditions. On the contrary, covalent immobilization on a differently activated hydrophilic carrier (agarose) resulted in very stable enzyme derivatives. In an attempt to explain the obtained enzyme immobilization results, the hypothetical localization of lysines on the enzyme surface was predicted in a 3D structure model of B. subtilis protease N built in silico by using the structure of Staphylococcus aureus metalloproteinase as the template. The immobilized enzyme shown a high regioselectivity in the hydrolysis of different peracetylated nucleosides. A stable enzyme derivative was obtained and successfully used in the development of efficient preparative bioprocesses for the hydrolysis of acetylated nucleosides, giving new intermediates for the synthesis of capecitabine in high yield.
In Vitro Chemopreventive Properties of Green Tea, Rooibos and Honeybush Extracts in Skin Cells
Authors: Magcwebeba Tandeka , Swart Pieter , Swanevelder Sonja , Joubert Elizabeth , Gelderblom Wentzel
Published: November 2016

The chemopreventive properties of the herbal teas rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) have been demonstrated on mouse skin in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The aim of the current study was to determine the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of rooibos and two Cyclopia species in different skin cells, using green tea (Camellia sinensis) as a benchmark. Extracts were also characterised for their major individual polyphenols by high performance liquid chromatography and spectroscopically for the total polyphenol (TP) groups. The methanol extract of rooibos, containing higher levels of polyphenols than its aqueous extract, displayed similar activity to green tea as it selectively targeted premalignant cells by inhibiting cell proliferation at lower concentrations whilst inducing apoptosis via membrane depolarisation at higher concentrations. Specific roles of the major rooibos dihydrochalcones and flavanol/proanthocyanidin-type (FLAVA) compounds are likely to be involved. The aqueous extracts of the Cyclopia species were more active against cell proliferation and at inducing apoptosis which was associated with a higher FLAVA content and a reduced TP/FLAVA ratio. In contrast, their methanol extracts exhibited a cytoprotective effect against apoptosis which was related to their monomeric xanthone and flavanone content. The underlying chemopreventive properties of green tea and the herbal teas appear to be associated with diverse and complex monomeric/polymeric polyphenolic cell interactions.
Research on the Relationships between Endogenous Biomarkers and Exogenous Toxic Substances of Acute Toxicity in Radix Aconiti
Authors: Zhou Haonan , Zhang Pengjie , Hou Zhiguo , Xie Jiabin , Wang Yuming , Yang Bin , Xu Yanyan , Li Yubo
Published: November 2016

Radix Aconiti, a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used throughout China for disease treatment due to its various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, and analgesic effects. However, improper use of Radix Aconiti often generated severe acute toxicity. Currently, research on the toxic substances of Radix Aconiti is not rare. In our previous study, acute toxic biomarkers of Radix Aconiti have been found. However, few studies were available to find the relationships between these endogenous biomarkers and exogenous toxic substances. Therefore, in this study, toxic substances of Radix Aconiti have been found using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Then, we used biochemical indicators as a bridge to find the relationships between biomarkers and toxic substances of Radix Aconiti through Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Finally, the CCA results showed that LysoPC(22:5) is related to 14-acetyl-talatisamine, mesaconitine, talatisamine and deoxyaconitine in varying degrees; l-acetylcarnitine is negatively correlated with deoxyaconitine and demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline; shikimic acid has a good correlation with karacoline, demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline and deoxyaconitine; and valine is correlated with talatisamine and deoxyaconitine. Research on these relationships provides an innovative way to interpret the toxic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and plays a positive role in the overall study of TCM toxicity.
Disability, Physical Inactivity, and Impaired Health-Related Quality of Life Are Not Different in Metabolically Healthy vs. Unhealthy Obese Subjects
Authors: Donini Lorenzo , Merola Gianluca , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Lubrano Carla , Gnessi Lucio , Mariani Stefania , Migliaccio Silvia , Lenzi Andrea
Published: November 2016

Background: Obesity represents a major health hazard, affecting morbidity, psychological status, physical functionality, quality of life, and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the differences between metabolically healthy (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy (MUO) obese subjects with regard to physical activity, disability, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). Methods: All subjects underwent a multidimensional evaluation, encompassing the assessment of body composition, metabolic biomarkers and inflammation, physical activity level (IPAQ questionnaire), disability (TSD-OC test), and HR-QoL (SF-36 questionnaire). MHO and MUO were defined based on the absence or the presence of the metabolic syndrome, respectively. Results: 253 subjects were included (54 men and 199 women; age: 51.7 ± 12.8 vs. 50.3 ± 11.7 years, p = 0.46; BMI: 38.1 ± 5.7 vs. 38.9 ± 6.7 kg/m2, p = 0.37). No significant difference was observed in body composition. There was no difference between MHO and MUO considering inflammation (hs-CRP: 6517.1 ± 11,409.9 vs. 5294.1 ± 5612.2 g/L; p = 0.37), physical inactivity (IPAQ score below 3000 METs-min/week in 77.6% of MHO vs. 80% of MUO subjects; p = 0.36), obesity-related disability (TSD-OC score > 33%, indicating a high level of obesity-related disability, in 20.2% of MHO vs. 26.5% of MUO subjects; p = 0.28), and the HR-QoL (SF-36 total score: 60 ± 20.8 vs. 62.8 ± 18.2, p = 0.27). Discussion and Conclusion: The metabolic comorbidity and the impairment of functional ability and psycho-social functioning may have a different timing in the natural history of obesity. Alterations in the physical activity level and mobility disabilities may precede the onset of metabolic abnormalities. (Trial registration 2369 prot 166/12—registered 23 February 2012; Amendment 223/14—registered 13 February 2014).
The Proteome of the Red Blood Cell: An Auspicious Source of New Insights into Membrane-Centered Regulation of Homeostasis
Authors: Bosman Giel
Published: November 2016

During the past decade, the hand-in-hand development of biotechnology and bioinformatics has enabled a view of the function of the red blood cell that surpasses the supply of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide. Comparative proteomic inventories have yielded new clues to the processes that regulate membrane–cytoskeleton interactions in health and disease, and to the ways by which red blood cells communicate with their environment. In addition, proteomic data have revealed the possibility that many, hitherto unsuspected, metabolic processes are active in the red blood cell cytoplasm. Recent metabolomic studies have confirmed and expanded this notion. Taken together, the presently available data point towards the red blood cell membrane as the hub at which all regulatory processes come together. Thus, alterations in the association of regulatory proteins with the cell membrane may be a sine qua non for the functional relevance of any postulated molecular mechanism. From this perspective, comparative proteomics centered on the red blood cell membrane constitute a powerful tool for the identification and elucidation of the physiologically and pathologically relevant pathways that regulate red blood cell homeostasis. Additionally, this perspective provides a focus for the interpretation of metabolomic studies, especially in the development of biomarkers in the blood.
Parameter Estimation in Stable Law
Authors: Krutto Annika
Published: November 2016

For general stable distribution, cumulant function based parameter estimators are proposed. Extensive simulation experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the estimates over the entire parameter space. An application to non-life insurance losses distribution is made.
Design of a Solar Tracking System Using the Brightest Region in the Sky Image Sensor
Authors: Wei Ching-Chuan , Song Yu-Chang , Chang Chia-Chi , Lin Chuan-Bi
Published: November 2016

Solar energy is certainly an energy source worth exploring and utilizing because of the environmental protection it offers. However, the conversion efficiency of solar energy is still low. If the photovoltaic panel perpendicularly tracks the sun, the solar energy conversion efficiency will be improved. In this article, we propose an innovative method to track the sun using an image sensor. In our method, it is logical to assume the points of the brightest region in the sky image representing the location of the sun. Then, the center of the brightest region is assumed to be the solar-center, and is mathematically calculated using an embedded processor (Raspberry Pi). Finally, the location information on the sun center is sent to the embedded processor to control two servo motors that are capable of moving both horizontally and vertically to track the sun. In comparison with the existing sun tracking methods using image sensors, such as the Hough transform method, our method based on the brightest region in the sky image remains accurate under conditions such as a sunny day and building shelter. The practical sun tracking system using our method was implemented and tested. The results reveal that the system successfully captured the real sun center in most weather conditions, and the servo motor system was able to direct the photovoltaic panel perpendicularly to the sun center. In addition, our system can be easily and practically integrated, and can operate in real-time.
Atmospheric Correction of Satellite GF-1/WFV Imagery and Quantitative Estimation of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Yangtze Estuary
Authors: Shang Pei , Shen Fang
Published: November 2016

The Multispectral Wide Field of View (WFV) camera on the Chinese GF-1 satellite, launched in 2013, has advantages of high spatial resolution (16 m), short revisit period (4 days) and wide scene swath (800 km) compared to the Landsat-8/OLI, which make it an ideal means of monitoring spatial-temporal changes of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) in large estuaries like the Yangtze Estuary. However, a lack of proper atmospheric correction methods has limited its application in water quality assessment. We propose an atmospheric correction method based on a look up table coupled by the atmosphere radiative transfer model (6S) and the water semi-empirical radiative transfer (SERT) model for inversion of water-leaving reflectance from GF-1 top-of-atmosphere radiance, and then retrieving SPM concentration from water-leaving radiance reflectance of the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent sea. Results are validated by the Landsat-8/OLI imagery together with autonomous fixed station data, and influences of human activities (e.g., waterway construction and shipping) on SPM distribution are analyzed.
A Concept of Water Usage Efficiency to Support Water Reduction in Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Sachidananda Madhu , Webb D. , Rahimifard Shahin
Published: November 2016

Increasing pressures on freshwater supplies, continuity of supply uncertainties, and costs linked to legislative compliance, such as for wastewater treatment, are driving water use reduction up the agenda of manufacturing businesses. A survey is presented of current analysis methods and tools generally available to industry to analyze environmental impact of, and to manage, water use. These include life cycle analysis, water footprinting, strategic planning, water auditing, and process integration. It is identified that the methods surveyed do not provide insight into the operational requirements from individual process steps for water, instead taking such requirements as a given. We argue that such understanding is required for a proactive approach to long-term water usage reduction, in which sustainability is taken into account at the design stage for both process and product. As a first step to achieving this, we propose a concept of water usage efficiency which can be used to evaluate current and proposed processes and products. Three measures of efficiency are defined, supported by a framework of a detailed categorization and representation of water flows within a production system. The calculation of the efficiency measures is illustrated using the example of a tomato sauce production line. Finally, the elements required to create a useable tool based on the efficiency measures are discussed.
Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Romero-Lankao Patricia , Gnatz Daniel , Wilhelmi Olga , Hayden Mary
Published: November 2016

Urbanization and urban areas are profoundly altering the relationship between society and the environment, and affecting cities’ sustainability and resilience in complex ways at alarming rates. Over the last decades, sustainability and resilience have become key concepts aimed at understanding existing urban dynamics and responding to the challenges of creating livable urban futures. Sustainability and resilience have also moved and are now core analytic and normative concepts for many scholars, transnational networks and urban communities of practice. Yet, even with this elevated scholarly attention, strategies for bridging between research and practice remain elusive, and efforts to understand and affect change towards more sustainable and resilient urban centers have often fallen short. This paper seeks to synthesize, from this issue’s papers and other strands of literature, the knowledge, theory and practice of urban sustainability and resilience. Specifically, we focus on what capacities urban actors draw on to create sustainability and resilience and how different definitions of these concepts intersect, complement, or contradict each other. We then examine the implications of those intersections and differences in the efforts by urban actors to enhance the capacity to change unsustainable trajectories and transform themselves, their communities, and their cities toward sustainable and resilient relationships with the environment.
Enhancing Innovative Capability and Sustainability of Saudi Firms
Authors: Al. Othman Fahad , Sohaib Osama
Published: November 2016

The Saudi Arabian government has recognised the need for an alternative path to national development in the form of a knowledge-based economy (KBE). One of the key drivers of a knowledge-based economy KBE is innovation. Therefore, to achieve this aim, it is important to understand the various factors affecting organisational innovation capability and sustainability. This empirical research study was conducted to provide a better understanding of the interrelationships among the key constructs, socio-technical factors, diffusion of innovation, and knowledge-sharing process towards Saudi organisational innovation capability. The results offer a number of implications, which are beneficial towards the adoption of the knowledge-based economy seeking to enhance the Saudi organisations towards enriching the organisational innovation capability and sustainability.
STRUCTURAL SHAKEDOWN: A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING THE RESIDUAL DISPLACEMENTS
Authors: LIEPA Liudas , BLAŽEVIČIUS Gediminas , MERKEVIČIŪTĖ Dovilė , ATKOČIŪNAS Juozas
Published: November 2016

A vector of residual forces of the ideally elastic-plastic structure at shakedown is obtained by solving the static analysis problem. A unique distribution of the residual forces is determined if the analysis is based on the minimum complementary deformation energy principle. However, the residual displacements developing in the shakedown process of ideally elastic-plastic structures under variable repeated loads can vary non-monotonically. Nevertheless mathematical models for the optimization problems of steel structures at shakedown must include the conditions for strength (safety) and stiffness (serviceability). Residual displacements determined by the plastic deformations are included in the stiffness conditions; therefore to improve the optimal solution it is necessary to determine upper and lower bounds of the residual displacement variations. This paper describes an improved methodology for estimating the variation bounds of the residual displacements at shakedown.
APPLICATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM IN ENGINEERING
Authors: SIDDIQUE Nazmul , ADELI Hojjat
Published: November 2016

Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a nature-inspired conceptual framework with roots in gravitational kinematics, a branch of physics that models the motion of masses moving under the influence of gravity. In a recent article the authors reviewed the principles of GSA. This article presents a review of applications of GSA in engineering including combinatorial optimization problems, economic load dispatch problem, economic and emission dispatch problem, optimal power flow problem, optimal reactive power dispatch problem, energy management system problem, clustering and classification problem, feature subset selection problem, parameter identification, training neural networks, traveling salesman problem, filter design and communication systems, unit commitment problem and multiobjective optimization problems.
Comment les élèves handicapés perçoivent-ils le collège ?
Authors: Sentenac Mariane , Pacoricona Dibia , Godeau Emmanuelle
Published: November 2016

Depuis la loi du 11 février 2005 pour l’égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées, la scolarisation des élèves handicapés en milieu ordinaire n’a cessé d’augmenter. Cet article s’intéresse ici au concept d’école inclusive en tant que lieu où tous les élèves se sentent acceptés, quels que soient leurs handicaps ou leurs difficultés. Les auteures examinent et discutent la perception du climat scolaire par les élèves handicapés scolarisés en classe ordinaire et en unité spécialisée (ULIS), ainsi que leur motivation pour l’école. Les données nuancent les résultats de l’inclusion.
Harceleurs et harcelés : des expressions du mal-être différentes
Authors: Godeau Emmanuelle , Catheline Nicole , de Matos Margarida Gaspar , Ehlinger Virginie
Published: November 2016

Le harcèlement entre pairs ne préoccupe la France que depuis une décennie, alors qu’il est décrit dans les pays scandinaves depuis les années 1980. Or ce phénomène n’est pas rare : 12,4 % des collégiens interrogés dans l’enquête HBSC en 2014 se déclarent victimes de brimades avérées à l’école, par messages ou commentaires sur les réseaux sociaux ou par photos. Le fait d’être victime de harcèlement est associé à l’altération de la santé mentale des collégiens dans le registre de l’internalisation (c’est-à-dire la somatisation du mal-être). En revanche, la santé mentale des harceleurs ne diffère pas de celle des collégiens non impliqués, toutes choses égales par ailleurs.
Les pratiques d’écrans chez les collégiens
Authors: Ngantcha Marcus , Janssen Éric , Godeau Emmanuelle , Spilka Stanislas
Published: November 2016

Les nouvelles technologies (ordinateur, smartphone, tablette et console de jeux...) se sont ajoutées à la télévision et permettent de plus en plus aux adolescents d’être connectés sur Internet qui leur donne accès à divers contenus en tout lieu et quasiment sans interruption. Cette contribution vise à mieux quantifier le temps que les collégiens passent devant les divers types d’écrans et à interroger d’éventuelles associations entre la durée d’exposition et certaines pratiques ou comportements.
Le Discours de la servitude volontaire d’un siècle à l’autre. Verticalité, horizontalité, intersubjectivité
Authors: Zawadzki Paul
Published: November 2016

Le Discours de la servitude volontaire , d’Étienne de La Boétie, a souvent été lu par les critiques du totalitarisme. Le renversement du regard qu’il opère est crucial pour penser nombre de phénomènes tragiques du siècle passé. Aujourd’hui, nous pensons que c’est du contraste entre : 1 ) la chaîne verticale de la tyrannie et ; 2 ) l’horizontalité de l’amitié politique que peut surgir une compréhension critique du politique pour la démocratie à construire. La première décrit un monde massifié qui fonctionne à l’instrumentalisation généralisée, sans communication ni confiance, au plus loin de l’esprit du don. La seconde trace les contours de la société politique des « tous uns » : un monde rendu humain par l’intersubjectivité, la connaissance, la reconnaissance et l’entre-connaissance.
Peuple émancipé ou peuple à régénérer : les débats du moment révolutionnaire (1789-1795)
Authors: Cohen Déborah
Published: November 2016

Le xviii e siècle pense l’émancipation comme une action reçue et subie par l’esclave, par le mineur, ou alors comme l’action réfléchie d’un sujet bourgeois dégagé de « cette minorité devenue une seconde nature » que le despotisme aurait forgé au peuple. Or la Révolution exige, pour sa survie même, que le peuple soit affranchi de ses anciennes adhésions : les mœurs doivent être conformes à la liberté nouvelle. Il faut donc résoudre cette contradiction : diriger le peuple incapable de s’autoproduire comme sujet politique, mais faire en sorte que ce pouvoir extérieur ne ressemble pas à la tyrannie.
Trois propositions pour fonder une entreprise convivialiste
Authors: Hatchuel Armand , Segrestin Blanche
Published: November 2016

Les entreprises sont devenues l’un des rouages fondamentaux des sociétés contemporaines. Instaurer une entreprise convivialiste constitue donc un préalable à toute société convivialiste. Cela suppose de se départir des cadres théoriques et juridiques qui n’ont pas mesuré les conséquences de la formation des entreprises modernes. Les doctrines dominantes ont occulté la formation des entreprises et continué de penser les acteurs économiques comme des marchands individuels. L’article formule trois propositions pour que l’entreprise soit reconnue comme un projet de création collectif qui ne se confonde pas avec la société commerciale, et pour que les cadres de droit soient adaptés en conséquence. Avec ces trois propositions, une inflexion profonde pourrait être donnée non seulement à l’histoire des entreprises, mais à l’histoire des sociétés, dont elles constituent une force déterminante.
La « loupe carcérale », miroir grossissant de la société française. Éléments de réflexion maussienne et convivialiste pour dépasser la crise actuelle du politique
Authors: Fixot Anne-Marie
Published: November 2016

Le problème de l’efficacité du système carcéral français et de son rôle dans les processus de sortie de la délinquance interroge les manières d’agir et de penser le vivre ensemble. Il questionne la dimension politique d’une société qui se veut démocratique mais se montre frileuse et se réclame sécuritaire. Contrairement au modèle récent finlandais, au succès indéniable, les initiatives françaises en faveur de la réinsertion sociale des personnes condamnées restent éparpillées et sans suite. Sans un changement radical de perspective, soutenue par une politique globale qui, comme en Finlande, ferait le pari de la confiance et de la générosité, c’est-à-dire se fonderait sur la reconnaissance de la valeur de chacun, de soi et de l’autre, il est à craindre que les prisons, ce côté « sombre » de notre système démocratique, restent emblématiques d’un échec du vivre ensemble politique tel que l’imaginait Marcel Mauss ou que l’espère le convivialisme.
De quelques 2050 possibles
Authors: Caillé Alain
Published: November 2016

À quoi pourrait ressembler 2050 ? Il y a trois grandes possibilités (sans compter leurs combinaisons) : 1. La radicalisation du néolibéralisme – qu’on peut analyser comme un totalitarisme à l’envers – et une explosion vertigineuse des inégalités. 2. Le retour des formes totalitaires du xx e siècle, juste customisées (comme avec Daech). Ces deux scénarios sont catastrophiques, moralement, socialement, politiquement, économiquement et écologiquement. 3. Le seul scénario qui évite la catastrophe est celui du convivialisme, i. e . de la lutte planétaire contre l’ hubris .
Le convivialisme, « contre-mouvement » du xxi e siècle
Authors: Fistetti Francesco
Published: November 2016

Cet article est l’avant-propos du livre de Franceso Fistetti, Convivialità. Una filosofia per il xxi e secolo (à paraître). Il décrit la thèse de cet essai, selon laquelle l’actuel « contre-mouvement » au capitalisme financier et spéculatif est tout à fait nouveau par rapport au capitalisme industriel, tayloriste et fordiste, du xx e siècle. Si les luttes du mouvement ouvrier d’alors ont produit un progrès normatif et élargi les droits de la citoyenneté aux classes subalternes, dont l’État social ou l’État providence ont été la configuration institutionnelle paradigmatique, de même les mouvements sociaux de résistance au capitalisme mondialisé doivent expérimenter des modes de construction d’une démocratie civique et de domestication ( embeddedness pour Polanyi) de la « bête sauvage » qu’est l’économie capitaliste financiarisée. Cela veut dire bâtir des espaces publics de communication et de mobilisation transnationaux inspirées par une grammaire morale nouvelle, dont l’impératif pratique fondamental est l’autolimitation des formes de vie qui seront donc frugales et conviviales.
Le destin de l’institution dans les sciences sociales
Authors: Laval Christian
Published: November 2016

L’interrogation sur les concepts qui pourraient servir à l’unification des sciences sociales, spécialement entre la sociologie et l’économie, ne peut manquer de rencontrer la notion d’institution. Si l’on en croit aussi bien Durkheim que Mauss, l’institution est le fait social premier. Cette définition de la sociologie comme « science de l’institution » n’a pas eu la postérité espérée. Peut-être tendait-elle trop à restreindre l’institution à l’institué, ce qui a favorisé une sociologie de la conformité. On constate surtout, dans la seconde moitié du xx e siècle, un chiasme entre une critique des institutions, du côté de la sociologie, et le recours fréquent et divers à la notion d’institution, du côté de l’économie. L’unité de la science sociale suppose de remettre au centre de l’analyse l’institution comme création historique dans tous les domaines de l’activité collective.
Comprendre ce que l’on voit
Authors: Raynal Henri
Published: November 2016

Capable de décrypter les lois physiques et de les utiliser dans ses appareils, l’homme est génial. L’histoire des inventions est passionnante. Son intérêt pédagogique est évident. D’autant plus que les lois mises à profit sont celles de la Totalité cosmique. Le génie humain est greffé sur celui de l’Univers. Nous avons laissé s’étioler l’étonnement, l’émerveillement. Réagissons (ne serait-ce qu’au bénéfice de l’enseignement). Rien n’est plus aisé : l’industrie s’est mise délibérément à l’école de la nature et s’inspire de ses extraordinaires trouvailles techniques.
Pertinence et limites de la raison utilitariste, sous le prisme de Paul Ricœur
Authors: Monteil Pierre-Olivier
Published: November 2016

Lecteur de la tradition utilitariste, Ricœur fait sien le principe de proportionnalité, lorsqu’il s’applique à la peine rapportée au délit. Mais ce souci doit être complété, selon lui, par celui de la réinsertion. Plus généralement, la logique de l’échange social doit corriger la réciprocité par la générosité. Quant à la visée du bonheur du plus grand nombre, chère à Bentham, Ricœur y voit un grand danger car elle conduit à justifier le malheur de la minorité.
Dispositif de cointerventions psycho thérapeutiques au sein d’une unité de soins pédopsychiatriques pluridisciplinaires, temps de rencontres et expérimentations
Authors: Odr Karim , Meynckens-Fourez Muriel
Published: November 2016

Cet article décrit les questions posées autour du dispositif de cointerventions psychothérapeutiques utilisé au sein d’une unité de soins pédopsychiatriques pluridisciplinaires tant au niveau du cadrage que de l’intervention et des places occupées lors des entretiens. Un nouveau dispositif est expérimenté et articule l’intervention de trois thérapeutes : « T. psy enfant », « T. éduc enfant/adulte » et « T. médicopsy adulte ». Pour illustrer ce dispositif, nous décrivons une situation clinique qui se déploie en 3 temps et faisons appel à un schéma qui montre le champ d’intervention de ces « 3 Ts » et le « système famille-réseau en thérapie » qui se situe à l’intersection de plusieurs systèmes : réseau primaire, réseau secondaire et unité de soins pédopsychiatriques.
What is the Place of Night-time in the Urban Policy of a French Intermediate City?
Authors: Mallet Sandra , Burger Céline
Published: November 2016

Metropolisation is a widespread phenomenon, defined by special mechanisms operating on spaces in cities of all sizes. The process reorganizes not only space but also time, particularly night-time. Public policies consider the city at night-time to be a new field of action for competition. Cities aim to develop innovative actions to make them more attractive at night. This paper analyses these actions and the transformation of the urban geography at night, focusing on intermediate cities – less explored than the biggest cities – by studying the case of a specific French city. The research shows how public policy-makers are struggling and have difficulty positioning their actions and establishing guidelines, producing a situation that raises questions, creates problems and limits innovation.
The Institutionalization of the Night: a Geography of Geneva’s Night Policies
Authors: Pieroni Raphaël
Published: November 2016

This paper is about the institution of the night as a public problem in Geneva. The main arguments can be summarized as follows. First, the urban night is a permanent construction, never stabilized, of a non-linear and contentious process of institution as a public problem. Secondly, this process produces more than the urban night as a space-time but also enables sets of practices and subjectivities. Institutional practices as well as from the civil society are produced through a complex process of what has been conceptualized as governmentality by Michel Foucault. Thirdly, night studies benefit from a geographical approach in terms of policy mobility. Night policies are circulating between cities through global microspaces such as public events, conferences, seminars and by way of experts, consultants and researchers. Consequently, their movements are the result of an uncertain topological process of relations. Finally, it is assumed that urban night could be part of what McCann proposed as an agenda for research into the spatial, social, and relational character of globally circulating urban (night) policies, (night) policy models, and (night) policy knowledge.
Symptômes du ressentiment chez quelques mémorialistes (1563-1598)
Authors: Fragonard Marie-Madeleine
Published: November 2016

Les mémorialistes témoignent du ressentiment persistant qui accompagne les édits de pacification des années 1563 à 1598. Non publiés à cette époque, ils reflètent le mécontentement de voir les édits favoriser leurs adversaires, croient-ils, et les divers moyens par lesquels une population peut traduire la permanence des agressivités détournées (insultes, émeutes, tracasseries juridiques, désignations diffamatoires), quelles que soient la date et les clauses d’oubli. Le peu de crédit apporté à la décision royale de coexistence pacifique ne construit, au delà des apparences disciplinées, que la perception d’une régression à ce qui était l’origine des conflits.
Une « politique de l’oubliance » ? Mémoire et oubli pendant les guerres de Religion (1550-1600)
Authors: Mellet Paul-Alexis , Foa Jérémie
Published: November 2016

Les guerres de Religion en France (1562-1598) mettent curieusement en cause la mémoire. En effet, chaque édit de pacification est l’occasion pour la couronne française d’imposer un « oubli » des guerres récentes entre catholiques et protestants. Cette « politique de l’oubliance », censée permettre une stabilité de chaque nouvelle paix, a cependant rencontré des obstacles : quelles sont les réticences qu’elle a suscitées ? Comment mesurer l’efficacité de ces mesures ? Comment les commissaires du roi chargés de vérifier l’application des édits s’y sont-ils pris pour imposer cet oubli ?
Modelling Propagation of Public Opinions on Microblogging Big Data Using Sentiment Analysis and Compartmental Models
Authors: Fang Youjia , Chen Xin , Song Zheng , Wang Tianzi , Cao Yang
Published: November 2016

Compartmental models have been used to model information diffusion on social media. However, there have been few studies on modelling positive and negative public opinions using compartmental models. This study aimed for using sentiment analysis and compartmental model to model the propagation of positive and negative opinions on microblogging big media. The authors studied the news propagation of seven popular social topics on China's Sina Weibo microblogging platform. Natural language processing and sentiment analysis were used to identify public opinions from microblogging big data. Then two existing (SIZ and SEIZ) models and a newly developed (SE2IZ) model were implemented to model the news propagation and evaluate the trends of public opinions on selected social topics. Simulation study was used to check model fitting performance. The results show that the new SE2IZ model has a better model fitting performance than existing models. This study sheds some new light on using social media for public opinion estimation and prediction.
IoT-Based Big Data
Authors: Rathore M. Mazhar , Paul Anand , Ahmad Awais , Jeon Gwanggil
Published: November 2016

Recently, a rapid growth in the population in urban regions demands the provision of services and infrastructure. These needs can be come up wit the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as sensors, actuators, smartphones and smart systems. This leans to building Smart City towards the next generation Super City planning. However, as thousands of IoT devices are interconnecting and communicating with each other over the Internet to establish smart systems, a huge amount of data, termed as Big Data, is being generated. It is a challenging task to integrate IoT services and to process Big Data in an efficient way when aimed at decision making for future Super City. Therefore, to meet such requirements, this paper presents an IoT-based system for next generation Super City planning using Big Data Analytics. Authors have proposed a complete system that includes various types of IoT-based smart systems like smart home, vehicular networking, weather and water system, smart parking, and surveillance objects, etc., for dada generation. An architecture is proposed that includes four tiers/layers i.e., 1) Bottom Tier-1, 2) Intermediate Tier-1, 3) Intermediate Tier 2, and 4) Top Tier that handle data generation and collections, communication, data administration and processing, and data interpretation, respectively. The system implementation model is presented from the generation and collection of data to the decision making. The proposed system is implemented using Hadoop ecosystem with MapReduce programming. The throughput and processing time results show that the proposed Super City planning system is more efficient and scalable.