bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newsvendor Demand Chasing Revisited
Authors: Lau Nelson , Bearden J. Neil
Published: December 2012

Existing research on newsvendor behavior asserts that individuals engage in demand chasing—adjusting their order quantities towards prior demand. Several metrics have been used to identify this heuristic. By simulation, current metrics are shown to yield excessive false positives, indicating demand chasing when the true order generating process is independent of prior demand. A simple correlation measure does not suffer from this problem and is proposed here as an alternative to some of the more commonly used measures.

This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Drug Monographs: Carfilzomib and Pertuzumab
Authors: Butler Taylor W. , Waddell J. Aubrey , Solimando Dominic A.
Published: December 2012

The complexity of cancer chemotherapy requires pharmacists be familiar with the complicated regimens and highly toxic agents used. This column reviews various issues related to preparation, dispensing, and administration of antineoplastic therapy, and the agents, both commercially available and investigational, used to treat malignant diseases.
Review of Intravenous Selenium Infusions for the Critically III Patient
Authors: Haygood Rebecca J. , Dickerson Roland N. , Brown Rex O.
Published: December 2012

Attempts to improve mortality for patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and septic shock continue to challenge health care professionals. This review will explore how the antioxidant, and possibly pro-oxidant, properties of selenium may benefit critically ill patients. Literature examining improvements in clinical outcomes from intravenous (IV) selenium infusion therapy will be discussed. Although there is not an overwhelming amount of knowledge about IV selenium and its effect on morbidity and mortality, this review will outline recent research evaluating the use of IV selenium infusions and its potential to decrease morbidity and mortality for different critically ill patient populations.
Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy
Authors: Russett Flint
Published: December 2012

Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest regarding a broad scope of topics are abstracted monthly.
Intrinsic versus Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Coronary Atherosclerosis: A Generational Comparison Model for Testing Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Angheloiu George O. , van de Poll Sweder W.E. , Georgakoudi Irene , Motz Jason T. , Haka Abigail S. , Podrez Eugene , Fitzmaurice Maryann , Dasari Ramachandra R. , Feld Michael S. , Kramer John R.
Published: December 2012

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (IFS) have been used experimentally for diagnosing coronary atherosclerosis. In this study, we demonstrated the diagnostic superiority of IFS at 342-nm excitation (IFS342) versus LIF (LIF342) and described a protocol for head-to-head comparison of old (LIF) versus new (IFS) generations of similar diagnostic methods, labeled as “generational comparison model“. IFS342 and LIF342 were modeled with basis spectra of media, fibrous caps, and superficial foam cells and of their correspondent chemicals (elastin, collagen, and lipoproteins). The average accuracy and receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of IFS342 in single-, double-, and triple-parameter diagnostic algorithm iterations, geared toward identifying 84 atherosclerotic specimens from a group of 117 coronary segments, was 90% ± 1% and 0.87 ± 0.025, superior to LIF342 (84% ± 3% and 0.84 ± 0.016; P = 0.0002 and 0.02, respectively) in a generational comparison model.
Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy to the Study of the Modification of Epoxidized Sunflower Oil by Acrylation
Authors: Irinislimane Ratiba , Belhaneche-Bensemra Naima
Published: December 2012

Commercial sunflower oil was epoxidized at the laboratory-scale. The epoxidized sunflower oil (ESFO) was modified following the acrylation reaction. Modification was carried out simultaneously using acrylic acid (AA) and triethylamine (TEA). To optimize the reaction conditions, the effects of four temperatures (40, 60, 80, and 100 °C), the ESFO:AA (100:100) ratio, and 0.2% TEA were investigated. The rate of conversion was analyzed with both FT-IR and titration of the oxirane ring. After that, the temperature with the highest conversion was selected and used throughout for all modification reactions. Then, four ratios (100:100, 100:90, 100:80, and 100:75) of ESFO:AA were analyzed at four different concentrations of TEA (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%) to determine the best estimate for both the ESFO:AA ratio and the catalyst concentration. Conversion rate was analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy by measuring the concentrations of ester, carbonyl, and alcohol groups. Moreover, oxirane***ring concentration was estimated using the titration method (with gentian violet as indicator) and FT-IR spectroscopy (epoxy ring absorptions at 1270 cm−1 and 877 cm−1). Based on conversion yield, the optimum ESFO:AA ratio corresponds to 100:80; the best temperature reaction was at 60 °C, and the best TEA concentration was 0.2%. The critical amounts of reactants needed to reach maximum conversion were established. The final acid value of the acrylated ESFO after washing (pH = 7) was 2.1 mg potassium hydroxide (KOH) g−1. All results show that FT-IR spectroscopy is a simple, low-cost, rapid method for investigating the kinetics of a reaction.
Quantitative Analysis of Entacapone Isomers Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Ratkaj Marina , Biljan Tomislav , Miljanić Snežana
Published: December 2012

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and partial least squares (PLS) regression have been applied for the quantification of entacapone isomers E and Z in solution. Nine mixtures of isomers Z and E in ethanol ranging from 0% to 100% w/w were analyzed, for a total entacapone concentration of 1 times 10−3 mol L−1. Upon deposition onto commercially available Klarite® gold plates, highly intense and reproducible SERS spectra were obtained from the entacapone isomers. Based on the spectral measurements, a two-component PLS model for correlation of predicted and real content of the isomers mixtures was developed. Root-meansquare error of the predicted composition was found to be 8% of isomer Z in the isomers mixture, corresponding to the absolute concentration of 8 times 10−5 mol L−1 of isomer Z in solution.
Enhanced Mid-Infrared Chemical Imaging (IRCI) Detection of DNA Microarrays
Authors: Schoen Brianna , Mossoba Magdi M. , Chizhikov Vladimir , Rashid Anis , Martinez-Diaz Karen , Al-Khaldi Sufian F.
Published: December 2012

We report on the optimization of a recently proposed mid-infrared chemical imaging (IRCI) detection method for the analysis of DNA microarrays. The improved protocol allowed for a ten-fold reduction in the time needed to generate a mosaic image of an entire microarray and the production of IR images with high contrast that would facilitate data analysis and interpretation. Advantages of using this protocol were evaluated by applying it to the analysis of four virulence genes in the genomes of 19 strains of the food bacterial pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica.
Predicting the Cost and Pace of Pharmacogenomic Advances: An Evidence-Based Study
Authors: Arnaout Ramy , Buck Thomas P , Roulette Paulvalery , Sukhatme Vikas P
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND

Adverse outcomes associated with prescription drug use are common and costly. Many adverse outcomes can be avoided through pharmacogenomics: choosing and dosing of existing drugs according to a person's genomic variants. Finding and validating associations between outcomes and genomic variants and developing guidelines for avoiding drug-related adverse outcomes will require further research; however, no data-driven estimates yet exist for the time or money required for completing this research.

METHODS

We identified examples of associations between adverse outcomes and genomic variants. We used these examples to estimate the time and money required to identify and confirm other associations, including the cost of failures, and to develop and validate pharmacogenomic dosing guidelines for them. We built a Monte Carlo model to estimate the time and financial costs required to cut the overall rate of drug-related adverse outcomes by meaningful amounts. We analyzed the model's predictions for a broad range of assumptions.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Our model projected that the development of guidelines capable of cutting overall drug-related adverse outcomes by 25%–50% with current approaches will require investment of single-digit billions of dollars and take 20 years. The model forecasts a pump-priming phase of 5–7 years, which would require expenditures of hundreds of millions of dollars, with little apparent return on investment. The single most important parameter was the extent to which genomic variants cause adverse outcomes. The size of the labor force was not a limiting factor. A “50 000 Pharmacogenomes Project” could speed progress. Our approach provides a template for other areas of genomic research.
Transformation from Comic to 2D, Then the 3D Approach: Character Representation of Old Master Q
Authors: Leung Ann
Published: December 2012

Old Master Q is one of the most significant idols which existed for more than 40 years since its first publication in a newspaper in 1961. Old Master Q is not a superhero figure but he is remarkably famous among Chinese nationals in Chinese communities across Asia and North America.
This paper studies the transformation and development of this character from comic strips, to a cartoon personage, and finally, the high-end 3D computer generated character.
Issues of Decolonization: Two Essay Documentaries by Evans Chan
Authors: Williams Tony
Published: December 2012

2007 saw the tenth anniversary of Hong Kong's return to Mainland China following a century and a half of British rule. For China, the restoration was a matter of national pride. But the inhabitants had little say in the manner of their return. This article discusses the representation
of national identity in Journey to Beijing and Adeus Macau.
Nobuo Nakagawa: Master Director of Horror Films
Authors: Black Art
Published: December 2012

For this article, I will focus on a director who made his reputation largely in the fields of horror and crime films, and whose work has been largely overlooked in the west, despite a fanatical cult following among hardcore J-cinema addicts. Nobuo Nakagawa has been called Japan's first
and greatest horror director. Among the 97 films he directed are several acknowledged classics. Yet his name is entirely absent from all but a handful of English-language books on Japanese film history.
The making of ‘ Oh Monster!’
Authors: Crickmay Chris , Kilsgaard Ellen
Published: December 2012

'Oh Monster!' is a dance/theatre/visual art performance piece created jointly by dance artist Ellen Kilsgaard and visual artist Chris Crickmay, who both also perform within it. Starting as a performance research project and then developing into an actual piece, first a solo and then
a duet, it has been developed intermittently over a period of four years and performed in a series of showings of work-in-progress in the United Kingdom and more recently in Copenhagen. In giving an account of this particular piece and how it was made, the article comments generally on collaboration,
on working across art forms, on working methods in devising, and on the aesthetics of relationship in performance. It also looks in some detail at the use of objects as part of a performance landscape. Underlying all this are ideas about perception, embodiment and image. Taken together these
concern the ways in which we relate to the world and make meaning within a performance practice.
The dancing-place: Towards a geocultural and geohistorical theory of performance space
Authors: Gotman Kélina
Published: December 2012

Adapted from cultural geography, the dramaturgical notion of the 'dancing-place' denotes an affective sense of place in regard to a performance site implicating past and present, history and historicity, and relations of hosting and home. The notion furthers dramaturgical thinking about
site specificity and lieux and milieux de mémoire to describe dramaturgies of relational history and geographical as well as kinetic returns. From Granada and Grozny to Wall Street, analysis of the dancing-place takes affective moments into account to offer new ways of thinking about
how we make and watch dance, in the streets as onstage.
The ‘struggle’ of the subject: Productive ambiguity in Jonathan Burrows’ choreography
Authors: Domm Daniela Perazzo
Published: December 2012

In this article notions of continuity and coherence are discussed in relation to Jonathan Burrows' choreographic work, with the aim to problematize their meanings in relation to contemporary artistic practices. Looking at intimate references and personal content of Burrows' work, I
explore how representation and signification are constructed and operate in his dance, with a particular focus on three examples from his repertoire: Hymns (1988), The Stop Quartet (1996) and The Quiet Dance (2005). These works are emblematic of the productive contradictions inherent in Burrows'
choreographic methods and of the ways in which subjectivity is shaped by the dialogue resulting from the interpersonal and interdisciplinary relationships around which the pieces are constructed. The analysis I propose is based on my observation of the dance material as well as on several
personal conversations with Burrows, and draws on postmodern theory, post-structuralist discourse and intertextual methodologies of dance analysis.
Museum Expansion in the Twenty-First Century: Abu Dhabi
Authors: McClellan Andrew
Published: December 2012

The government of Abu Dhabi, in partnership with powerful western institutions, has embarked on a breathtaking scheme to build four world-class museums and a perform-ing art centre as cornerstones of the development of a new culture-leisure-tourism com-plex on Saadiyat Island. The sudden
rise of the Persian Gulf states as hubs of global art and museum development has attracted the attention, not to say skepticism, of the art world. This article explores the political and economic motives and historical context behind the projects as well as some of the challenges they face
in the years to come.
Art drawing and learning: Meaning making as pedagogical approach in Master’s graduate classes
Authors: Chiang Linda H.
Published: December 2012

This article argues that drawing may be used to retrieve prospective teachers' meta cognition and allow them to be constructive teachers. Participants in this enquiry are 57 teacher candidates from a Master of Arts in Teaching programme in Southern California. This pedagogical process
required teacher candidates to apply cognitive concepts in creative and reflective drawings. Through these drawings the participants retrieved their previous experiences and knowledge by filling spaces to express their experience and thinking. Cognitive development U-shaped curve and Aesthetic
development theories were applied to discuss participants' artistic development. This enquiry shows that pedagogical practice allows those teacher candidates to use cognitive theories in drawing. It also provides participants creative ways to understand themselves and their future students.
Reactor Dosimetry: 14th International Symposium
Authors: Vehar David W. , Selby Douglas L. , Sparks Mary Helen
Published: December 2012

Description

Fifty-seven peer-reviewed papers provide an extensive examination of timely topics in the field of Reactor Dosimetry. Also, two keynote papers address: the energy future and structural materials for innovative nuclear systems.

Topics cover
Effects of Climbing Fiber Driven Inhibition on Purkinje Neuron Spiking
Authors: Mathews Paul J. , Lee Ka Hung , Peng Zechun , Houser Carolyn R. , Otis Thomas S.
Published: December 2012

Climbing fiber (CF) input to the cerebellum is thought to instruct associative motor memory formation through its effects on multiple sites within the cerebellar circuit. We used adeno-associated viral delivery of channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) to inferior olivary neurons to selectively express ChR2 in CFs, achieving nearly complete transfection of CFs in the caudal cerebellar lobules of rats. As expected, optical stimulation of ChR2-expressing CFs generates complex spike responses in individual Purkinje neurons (PNs); in addition we found that such stimulation recruits a network of inhibitory interneurons in the molecular layer. This CF-driven disynaptic inhibition prolongs the postcomplex spike pause observed when spontaneously firing PNs receive direct CF input; such inhibition also elicits pauses in spontaneously firing PNs not receiving direct CF input. Baseline firing rates of PNs are strongly suppressed by low-frequency (2 Hz) stimulation of CFs, and this suppression is partly relieved by blocking synaptic inhibition. We conclude that CF-driven, disynaptic inhibition has a major influence on PN excitability and contributes to the widely observed negative correlation between complex and simple spike rates. Because they receive input from many CFs, molecular layer interneurons are well positioned to detect the spatiotemporal patterns of CF activity believed to encode error signals. Together, our findings suggest that such inhibition may bind together groups of Purkinje neurons to provide instructive signals to downstream sites in the cerebellar circuit.
Episodic Reinstatement in the Medial Temporal Lobe
Authors: Staresina Bernhard P. , Henson Richard N. A. , Kriegeskorte Nikolaus , Alink Arjen
Published: December 2012

The essence of episodic memory is our ability to reexperience past events in great detail, even in the absence of external stimulus cues. Does the phenomenological reinstatement of past experiences go along with reinstating unique neural representations in the brain? And if so, how is this accomplished by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a brain region intimately linked to episodic memory? Computational models suggest that such reinstatement (also termed “pattern completion”) in cortical regions is mediated by the hippocampus, a key region of the MTL. Although recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrated reinstatement of coarse item properties like stimulus category or task context across different brain regions, it has not yet been shown whether reinstatement can be observed at the level of individual, discrete events—arguably the defining feature of episodic memory—nor whether MTL structures like the hippocampus support this “true episodic” reinstatement. Here we show that neural activity patterns for unique word-scene combinations encountered during encoding are reinstated in human parahippocampal cortex (PhC) during retrieval. Critically, this reinstatement occurs when word-scene combinations are successfully recollected (even though the original scene is not visually presented) and does not encompass other stimulus domains (such as word-color associations). Finally, the degree of PhC reinstatement across retrieval events correlated with hippocampal activity, consistent with a role of the hippocampus in coordinating pattern completion in cortical regions.
Expertus – experientia – experimentum. Neue Wege der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis im Spätmittelalter
Authors: Sarnowsky Jürgen
Published: December 2012

Experience played a key role in the natural science of the later Middle Ages. Both the terms “experience” and “experiment” can be found in medieval texts. However, the latter was mainly used as a synonym and there is only a slight allusion to the concept of experiments in the modern sense. In their arguments, medieval authors rather referred to day-to-day experience, to phenomena which were evident from simple observation. The medieval Latin meaning of expertus (or its close equivalent experimentator) was thus closely related to the notion of everyday experience. An expert was someone who had a wide experience of natural phenomena and who always sought to extend his knowledge. During the later Middle Ages, this aspect slowly gained in importance (despite the fact that written authorities and the textbooks of natural philosophy remained dominant), thus opening up new ways of thinking, which finally led to the Scientific Revolution.
Kraftmikroskopie durch Einzelpunktantastung an Strukturkanten
Authors: Hüser Dorothee , Häßler-Grohne Wolfgang , Katzer Klaus-Dieter , Hunecken Jens , Fuß Hans-Achim , Bosse Harald
Published: December 2012

Im Zuge der immer höheren Integrationsdichte in der Halbleiterindustrie steigt der Bedarf, Strukturen mit Auflösungen im Sub-Nanometerbereich messen zu können. Grundlage für unterschiedliche optische und elektronenmikroskopische Verfahren zur Strukturbreitenmessung ist die Quantifizierung von Geometrieparametern an Kantenübergängen durch sondenmikroskopische Abtastung der Oberfläche. Dieser Artikel beschreibt ein Verfahren Strukturkanten mittels Einzelpunktantastung mit Kraftmikroskopen abzutasten. Wesen dieser Strategie ist, die Sonde aus zur lokalen Oberflächenneigung passender Richtung antasten zu lassen. Dies liefert die Möglichkeit, Steigung und Verrundung der Kante sowie den Kantenfuß zu ermitteln.
The robust {C(=O)OH···N(py)} heterosynthon persists in co-crystals formed between anthranilic acid and molecules with amide/pyridyl functionality
Authors: Arman Hadi Hadi , Miller Tyler , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: December 2012

Co-crystals formed between anthranilic acid and each of N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide (1) and N,N′-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)oxalamide (2) have been formed from solutions containing 2:1 stoichiometric quantities of the reagents. In isomeric 1 and 2, the oxaläamide groups have both amide and pyridyl groups capable for forming hydrogen bonding interactions with the äcomponents of anthranilic acid. However, it is the {C(=O)OH···N(py)} heterosynthon that persists in both crystal structures pointing to the robustness of this synthon when both carboxylic acids and pyridyl groups are found in co-crystals. In 1, amine-H···O (oxalamide) and amide-H···N(amine) hydrogen bonds lead to layers that stack along the c-axis via C—H···O (carbonyl) interactions. In 2, the amine-H···O(oxalamide) hydrogen bonds lead to layers which are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by amide-N—H···O2 (carbonyl) interactions.
Slush on the Mizzentops, Butter in the Hold: Food on American Clipper Ships
Authors: beahrs andrew
Published: December 2012

In the early years of the Gold Rush, the food carried by clipper ships sustained and shaped San Francisco. At first, clippers that could reach the city in less than a hundred days helped to save the burgeoning community of tents and shanties from hunger. Later, they Americanized its cuisine—and made fabulous profits—by carrying butter, hams, whiskey, and other Eastern staples to restaurants built in the holds of abandoned ships.

The food served to sailors was often less exalted than that carried in the holds just below their feet, with simple dry biscuit and dry salted beef relieved only by the boiled puddings of flour and apples known as duff. The crews themselves were remarkably diverse, with Lascars and Scandinavians served dried peas and greasy “scouse” by African American or Chinese cooks who prepared meals in tiny, freestanding deckhouses.

In later years, the clippers' influence on American food reversed itself, as they carried humble guano to rejuvenate depleted eastern agricultural land. But in their prime, the clippers were a unique confluence of necessity, engineering excellence, and beauty, as valued for the sight of their towering moonraker sails as for the food they carried.
A Kodava Wedding
Authors: kamicheril rohan
Published: December 2012

The Kodavas have traditionally lived in the Kodagu precinct of the southern Indian state of Karnataka. Their mode of dress, rituals, and physical appearance differ in many ways from that of many of their other neighbors in the south. Traditionally a community that subsisted on farming (rice and later coffee, among other crops), many of the ceremonies of the Kodavas revolve around the harvest calendar. Their wedding rituals, in particular, provide a fascinating look into the agricultural underpinnings of this unique group of people. This article documents the details of a two-day wedding ceremony held outside Madikeri, the capital of Kodagu, with a special emphasis on the culinary traditions on display.
Melancholy and Mourning: Black Banquets and Funerary Feasts
Authors: levi jane
Published: December 2012

The article investigates a range of lavishly staged banquets evoking death and funerary rituals in history and fiction, comparing them with actual funerary practices involving food. Examples discussed range from the ancient world (Greece, Rome, Egypt) to Renaissance Italy, early modern Britain, and eighteenth and nineteenth century Britain and France. By exploring the symbols of food and dining as entertainment and ritual, it contrasts the elaborate melancholy of the black banquet with the cathartic effectiveness of the funeral feast, and assesses the heightened impact of the borrowing of funerary symbols for entertainment in periods where such rites had a much more prominent role in daily life. It concludes that whereas the funeral feast has a constructive contribution to make to the process of mourning, the black banquet is little more than a gratifyingly macabre—if entertaining—indulgence.
Melodrama, Two Ways
Authors: Wang Dan
Published: December 2012

The word “melodrama” has accumulated a vast range of uses and definitions. It is the name given to the technique of combining words and music (as in the nineteenth-century musical genre); it is also used to name a mode of expressivity that is exaggerated, excessive, sentimental. These definitions appear unrelated, yet the melodramatic mode also seems to emerge frequently in musical contexts, such as opera and film—raising the question of whether the joining of words and music as such already tends toward, or attracts, a melodramatic impulse. This article first sketches the features of the melodramatic mode as they are described in writing on theater, film, and the novel before turning to a close reading of Richard Strauss's Enoch Arden, op. 38, a melodrama for speaker and piano. I aim to show that not only the themes of Enoch Arden's narrative but also the form of its narration, the meaningfulness it draws from the facts or conditions of narration as such, provide its claim to the melodramatic mode.
The Language of an Unknown Country: Intratextuality in Proust's In Search of Lost Time
Authors: Perley Naomi
Published: December 2012

One of the pivotal scenes of Proust's novel In Search of Lost Time takes place during a performance of the fictional composer Vinteuil's Septet in Mme Verdurin's salon. The narrator and protagonist of the novel, Marcel, finds himself caught off-guard by the beauty of Vinteuil's Septet; he hears in the Septet a calling to the true life of an artist and vows to begin work on his own masterpiece. As he listens to the Septet, Marcel struggles with the concept of artistic individuality. He tries to discern the similarities and differences between the phrases of Vinteuil's Septet and the same composer's Violin Sonata. Marcel comes to the conclusion that it is not superficial or intellectual similarities between two works by the same composer that really count, but rather some underlying substance that can only be “felt as the result of a direct impression.”

The aesthetic philosophy embodied in these thoughts is not only applicable to Marcel's appreciation of the Septet. It also provides a lens through which we can come to terms with Proust's twenty-page-long description of the Septet, and it allows us to situate this passage meaningfully within In Search of Lost Time. The Septet scene is one of the most deeply intratextual passages of the novel. But just as Marcel gives pride of place to the “profound similarities” between Vinteuil's compositions over musicologists' “analogies ingeniously discovered by reasoning,” so too can the reader distinguish between more superficial connections between the Septet and earlier scenes, and subtler references that bind the novel together on a deeper level.
Idea and Actualization: Bruno Maderna's Adaptation of Friedrich Hölderlin's Hyperion
Authors: Wetters Brent
Published: December 2012

Among characterizations of the Darmstadt Summer Courses, none is more pervasive than the assertion that Darmstadt represented an intense Modernism, in particular a form of Modernism diametrically opposed to the excesses of Romanticism. But if Darmstadt is to be understood as a response to Romanticism, what are we to make of the ascendancy of Friedrich Hölderlin, a key figure in German Romanticism, as a source for texts? Hölderlin's texts have been a perennial favorite for Darmstadt composers since its inception, but Bruno Maderna undertook the most ambitious use of Hölderlin's works during the period from 1960 to 1969. Maderna's Hyperion, a collection of works based on Hölderlin's writings, amounted to no less than a rethinking of the Modernist project—one that does not shrink from its roots in Romanticism. Like the epistolary novel on which it is based, its idea is only approached through an interchangeable series of fragments, thereby engaging Romantic ideals of the work. Maderna's Hyperion continually awaits its completion through performance.
Successive Multisite Peripheral Nerve Catheters for Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I
Authors: Martin David P. , Bhalla Tarun , Rehman Saif , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: December 2012

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I is a painful and disabling syndrome that is accompanied by physical changes in the affected extremity. It generally occurs after trauma, manifesting as pain that is out of proportion to the inciting event. Treatment of the disorder is difficult, with many patients being refractory to multiple pharmacologic regimens. Regional anesthetic techniques, including neuraxial blockade, sympathetic blockade, Bier block, or peripheral nerve catheters, have been used with varying degrees of success. We describe, for the first time, the use of multiple peripheral nerve catheters to treat CRPS type I in a 10-year-old girl when multimodal pharmacologic regimens failed. At separate times, a peripheral nerve catheter was placed to treat CRPS of the distal left lower extremity as well as the right upper extremity. The goal of this therapy was to relieve pain and thereby allow the reinitiation of intensive physical therapy. A continuous infusion of 0.1% ropivacaine was infused via the catheters for ∼60 hours. The patient was subsequently able to participate in physical therapy as well as activities of daily living with improved eating, sleeping, and mood. Although many therapeutic modalities have been tried in CRPS type I, given the debilitating nature of the disorder and the variable response to therapy, new and alternative therapeutic interventions, such as continuous peripheral nerve catheters, are needed.
A Randomized Trial of Stylets for Intubating Newborn Infants
Authors: Kamlin C. Omar F. , O’Connell Liam A.F. , Morley Colin J. , Dawson Jennifer A. , Donath Susan M. , O’Donnell Colm P.F. , Davis Peter G.
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:

Endotracheal intubation of newborn infants is a common and potentially lifesaving procedure but a skill that trainees find difficult. Despite widespread use, no data are available on whether the use of a stylet (introducer) improves success rates. We aimed to determine whether pediatric trainees were more successful at neonatal orotracheal intubation when a stylet was used.

METHODS:

An unblinded randomized controlled trial conducted between July 2006 and January 2009 at a tertiary perinatal center, the Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Eligible participants were newborn infants in the delivery room or NICU requiring endotracheal intubation for respiratory support. Infants were intubated by pediatric residents or fellows. Infants were randomized to have the procedure performed by using either an endotracheal tube alone or with a stylet. Successful intubation at the first attempt assessed by colorimetric detection of expired carbon dioxide was the primary outcome.

RESULTS:

Three hundred two intubations were performed in 232 infants (residents performed 75%, fellows 25%). Intubation was successful in 57% of the stylet group and 53% of the no stylet group (P = .47); odds ratio 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.75–1.86). There were no differences in the duration of attempts or in the rate of upper airway trauma between the 2 groups. These results were consistent across subgroups of infants based on birth weight, gestational age, and site of intubation (delivery room or NICU).

CONCLUSIONS:

Using an endotracheal stylet did not significantly improve the success rate of pediatric trainees at neonatal orotracheal intubation.
Medical Home Quality and Readmission Risk for Children Hospitalized With Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Auger Katherine A. , Kahn Robert S. , Davis Matthew M. , Beck Andrew F. , Simmons Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:

The medical home likely has a positive effect on outpatient outcomes for children with asthma. However, no information is available regarding the impact of medical home quality on health care utilization after hospitalizations. We sought to explore the relationship between medical home quality and readmission risk in children hospitalized for asthma exacerbations.

METHODS:

We enrolled 601 children, aged 1 to 16 years, hospitalized for an acute asthma exacerbation at a single pediatric facility that captures >85% of all asthma admissions in an 8-county area. Caregivers completed the Parent’s Perception of Primary Care (P3C), a Likert-based, validated survey. The P3C yields a total score of medical home quality and 6 subscale scores assessing continuity, access, contextual knowledge, comprehensiveness, communication, and coordination. Asthma readmission events were prospectively collected via billing data. Hazards of readmission were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards adjusting for chronic asthma severity and key measures of socioeconomic status.

RESULTS:

Overall P3C score was not associated with readmission. Among the subscale comparisons, only children with lowest access had a statistically increased readmission risk compared with children with the best access. Subgroup analysis revealed that children with private insurance and good access had the lowest rates of readmission within a year compared with other combinations of insurance and access.

CONCLUSIONS:

Among measured aspects of medical home in a cohort of hospitalized children with asthma, having poor access to a medical home was the only measure associated with increased readmission. Improving physician access for children with asthma may lower hospital readmission.
Climate governance in an international system under conservative hegemony: the role of major powers
Authors: Viola Eduardo , Franchini Matías , Ribeiro Thaís Lemos
Published: December 2012

In the last five years, climate change has been established as a central civilizational driver of our time. As a result of this development, the most diversified social processes - as well as the fields of science which study them - have had their dynamics altered. In International Relations, this double challenge could be explained as follows: 1) in empirical terms, climate change imposes a deepening of cooperation levels on the international community, considering the global common character of the atmosphere; and 2) to International Relations as a discipline, climate change demands from the scientific community a conceptual review of the categories designed to approach the development of global climate governance. The goal of this article is to discuss in both conceptual and empirical terms the structure of global climate change governance, through an exploratory research, aiming at identifying the key elements that allow understanding its dynamics. To do so, we rely on the concept of climate powers. This discussion is grounded in the following framework: we now live in an international system under conservative hegemony that is unable to properly respond to the problems of interdependence, among which - and mainly -, the climate issue.
Estudo nutricional da canafístula (II): eficiência nutricional em função da adubação com nitrogênio e fósforo
Authors: Souza Natália Hilgert de , Marchetti Marlene Estevão , Carnevali Thiago de Oliveira , Ramos Diovany Doffinger , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Silva Eulene Francisco da
Published: December 2012

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito de doses combinadas de N e P no conteúdo de nutrientes, bem como na eficiência nutricional de mudas de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium Spreng. Taub.), em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O experimento foi desenvolvido em vasos de 4 dm³, com os tratamentos dispostos em fatorial 4x4, sendo quatro doses de N - fonte ureia (0; 20,82; 41,64; e 62,46 mg kg-1 de N) e quatro doses de P - fonte superfosfato triplo (0; 41,72; 83,72; e 125,16 mg kg-1 de P2O5), em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições. As maiores doses de N e P proporcionaram maior acúmulo de macronutrientes tanto na parte aérea quanto na raiz, enquanto nos micronutrientes esse efeito foi ocasionado somente pelo P. A espécie apresentou alto requerimento nutricional quanto ao N, utilizou mais eficientemente o P, e o aporte de nutrientes é maior na parte aérea das mudas.
Estudo do crescimento de espécies de árvores semidecíduas em uma área ciliar revegetada
Authors: Sampaio Melina Teles França , Polo Marcelo , Barbosa Wilson
Published: December 2012

Este trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar o crescimento das espécies e identificar o seu padrão de crescimento e discutir sobre a eficiência do método em relação ao processo de restauração vegetal. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado 32 meses após o plantio das mudas. Para a amostragem foi empregado o método de amostragem de área fixa com parcelas, sendo utilizadas cinco áreas amostrais, que foram selecionadas de modo a abranger toda a extensão reflorestada, contendo 200 indivíduos/área amostral. Foram realizadas, em todas as plantas amostradas do estrato arbóreo com altura superior a 1 m, medições de altura e de diâmetro. Os dados foram analisados como delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC) e submetidos à análise de variância, seguida do teste de Scott & Knott a 5% de significância, utilizando-se o programa SISVAR. Por fim, concluiu-se que espécies pioneiras ou que apresentam ciclo de vida curto são consideradas ideais para a implantação na fase inicial do reflorestamento, devido ao seu rápido crescimento. Entretanto, devem ter seu manejo associado a espécies não pioneiras ou perenes.
Dispersão, distribuição espacial e estratificação vertical da comunidade arbórea em um fragmento florestal no Planalto Catarinense
Authors: Negrini Marcelo , Aguiar Manoela Drews de , Vieira Cenir Teodoro , Silva Ana Carolina da , Higuchi Pedro
Published: December 2012

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as estratégias de dispersão de propágulos, a distribuição espacial e a estratificação vertical de espécies arbóreas em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista em Lages, SC. Para amostragem da vegetação arbórea, foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 400 m² (20 m x 20 m) e todos os indivíduos arbóreos dentro das parcelas com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP, medido a 1,30 m do solo) maior ou igual a 5 cm foram identificados e tiveram sua altura estimada. Para complementar a lista florística, foram feitos caminhamentos aleatórios no fragmento objetivando identificar espécies arbóreas não amostradas nas parcelas. As espécies foram classificadas segundo: i) a sua síndrome de dispersão em zoocórica, anemocórica ou autocórica; ii) o padrão de distribuição espacial dos indivíduos, considerando-se a distribuição aleatória, agregada e uniforme; iii) a posição no estrato vertical da floresta, como sendo dos estratos superior, intermediário ou inferior. Do total de 87 espécies amostradas, 80,5% foram classificadas como zoocóricas, 16,1% como anemocóricas e 3,4% como autocóricas. Verificou-se a predominância de espécies com distribuição espacial aleatória e pertencente ao estrato superior, com altura superior ou igual a 12,45 m. Os resultados indicam a importância da fauna silvestre para a manutenção do funcionamento ecológico do fragmento estudado, uma vez que a maior parte das espécies são zoocóricas. O conhecimento desses atributos das populações arbóreas pode subsidiar estratégias de conservação e manejo de fragmentos florestais na região, uma vez que permite conhecer melhor a ecologia das espécies.
Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region
Authors: Silva Paulo Sérgio Lima e , Holanda Alexandre Emanuel Régis , Paiva Haroldo Nogueira de , Oliveira Fábio Henrique Tavares de , Oliveira Odaci Fernandes de
Published: December 2012

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH.
Dinâmica do herbicida metribuzin aplicado sobre palha de cana-de-açúcar (Saccarum officinarum)
Authors: Rossi C.V.S , Velini E.D , Luchini L.C , Negrisoli E , Correa M.R , Pivetta J.P , Costa A.G.F , Silva F.M.L
Published: December 2012

O herbicida metribuzin é recomendado para o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura de cana-de-açúcar. Entretanto, seu comportamento em áreas com colheita mecânica, que deixa grande quantidade de palha sobre o solo, não é bem conhecido. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a dinâmica do herbicida metribuzin aplicado sobre diferentes quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar, períodos e intensidades de chuvas após a aplicação. Foram realizados três ensaios para avaliar a dinâmica do metribuzin aplicado sobre a palha de cana-de-açúcar. No primeiro, foi avaliada a interceptação do herbicida por 0, 1, 2,5, 5, 7,5, 10, 15 e 20 t de palha de cana-de-açúcar por hectare. No segundo, avaliou-se a lixiviação do metribuzin em 5, 10, 15 e 20 t de palha por hectare sob simulação de chuva de 2,5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, 50 e 100 mm, um dia após a aplicação (DAA). No terceiro, foi avaliado o efeito dos intervalos de tempo entre a aplicação do herbicida e a primeira chuva na lixiviação do metribuzin (0, 1, 7, 14 e 28 dias) em 10 t de palha por hectare, em função das mesmas precipitações simuladas no segundo ensaio. Os resultados obtidos no segundo e terceiro ensaios foram ajustados pelo modelo de Mitscherlich. A quantificação do herbicida foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A quantidade de metribuzin que transpõe as diferentes quantidades de palha com simulação acumulada de 100 mm de chuva é diferenciada, sendo maior para 5 t ha-1 e menor para quantidades maiores, até 20 t ha-1. A simulação média de chuvas equivalentes a de 20 a 30 mm iniciais é suficiente para promover uma transposição maior que 99% do metribuzin. Este herbicida é retido quando aplicado sobre a palha de cana-de-açúcar e permanece por períodos de até 28 DAA sem chuva.
Estudos traducionais de neuropsiquiatria e esquizofrenia: modelos animais genéticos e de neurodesenvolvimento
Authors: Gottschalk Michael G. , Sarnyai Zóltan , Guest Paul C. , Harris Laura W. , Bahn Sabine
Published: December 2012

Sintomas psiquiátricos são subjetivos por natureza e tendem a se sobrepor entre diferentes desordens. Sendo assim, a criação de modelos de uma desordem neuropsiquiátrica encontra desafios pela falta de conhecimento dos fundamentos da fisiopatologia e diagnósticos precisos. Modelos animais são usados para testar hipóteses de etiologia e para representar a condição humana tão próximo quanto possível para aumentar nosso entendimento da doença e avaliar novos alvos para a descoberta de drogas. Nesta revisão, modelos animais genéticos e de neurodesenvolvimento de esquizofrenia são discutidos com respeito a achados comportamentais e neurofisiológicos e sua associação com a condição clínica. Somente modelos animais específicos de esquizofrenia podem, em último caso, levar a novas abordagens diagnósticas e descoberta de drogas. Argumentamos que biomarcadores moleculares são importantes para aumentar a tradução de animais a humanos, já que faltam a especificidade e a fidelidade necessárias às leituras comportamentais para avaliar sintomas psiquiátricos humanos.
Inovação educacional em pequeno município: o caso Fundação Casa Grande (Nova Olinda, CE, Brasil)
Authors: Ghanem Elie
Published: December 2012

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo de caso de inovação educacional na atuação da Organização Não Governamental Fundação Casa Grande - Memorial do Homem Kariri junto a crianças e jovens do município de Nova Olinda, CE, Brasil. O principal problema da pesquisa que este artigo visa apresentar é: que fatores se conjugam na geração de ações de inovação educacional? A hipótese examinada pela pesquisa foi a de que fatores salientes que se conjugam na geração de ações de inovação são o tempo de experiência profissional de educadores(as), a estabilidade de sua equipe, o nível de qualificação e a atuação mobilizadora de líderes da Organização. São descritos os objetivos e características da atuação da Organização e são apontadas as características de líderes, agentes e equipes. Conclui que a hipótese levantada foi confirmada.