bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Self-Adaptive Wildfire Detection Algorithm with Two-Dimensional Otsu Optimization
Authors: Zhang Guoyong , Li Bo , Luo Jing , He Lifu
Published: August 2020

The gradual increase in wildfires has caused frequent trips and outages along electrical transmission lines, which is a serious threat to the operational stability of power grids. A self-adaptive wildfire detection algorithm has been developed and tested in this paper. Most of existing wildfire detection methods employed fixed thresholds to identify potential wildfire pixels while the background pixels were ignored. By calculating two-dimensional histogram of the brightness temperatures of mid-infrared channel, the threshold selection is self-adaptive and potential pixels containing scenes of fire can be distinguished automatically. Based on the two-dimensional Otsu method and contextual test algorithm, an improved wildfire detection algorithm that uses multitemporal Visible and Infrared Radiometer (VIRR) data is described. The wildfire detection results within three kilometers of electrical transmission lines demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which has accurate low-temperature wildfire detection ability.
Application of Model-Based Deep Learning Algorithm in Fault Diagnosis of Coal Mills
Authors: Jian Yifan , Qing Xianguo , Zhao Yang , He Liang , Qi Xiao
Published: August 2020

The coal mill is one of the important auxiliary engines in the coal-fired power station. Its operation status is directly related to the safe and steady operation of the units. In this paper, a model-based deep learning algorithm for fault diagnosis is proposed to effectively detect the operation state of coal mills. Based on the system mechanism model of coal mills, massive fault data are obtained by analyzing and simulating the different types of faults. Then, stacked autoencoders (SAEs) are established by combining the said data with the deep learning algorithm. The SAE model is trained by the fault data, which provide it with the learning and identification capability of the characteristics of faults. According to the simulation results, the accuracy of fault diagnosis of coal mills based on SAE is high at 98.97%. Finally, the proposed SAEs can well detect the fault in coal mills and generate the warnings in advance.
A New Reliability Rock Mass Classification Method Based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine Optimized by Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zheng S. , Jiang A. N. , Yang X. R. , Luo G. C.
Published: August 2020

Classification of the surrounding rock is the basis of tunnel design and construction. However, conventional classification methods do not allow dynamic tunnel construction adjustments because they are time‐consuming and do not consider the randomness of rock mass. This paper presents a new reliability rock mass classification method based on a least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) optimized by a bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA). The LSSVM is adopted to express the implicit relationship between classification indicators and rock mass grades, which is a response surface function for reliability evaluation. LSSVM parameters were optimized by the BFOA to form a hybrid BFOA‐LSSVM algorithm. Using geological prediction and rock strength resilience results as classification indicators, samples were developed to train the LSSVM model using the hybrid algorithm. The Monte Carlo sampling method of reliability classification was implemented and applied to the Suqiao tunnel at the Puyan highway in the Fujian province of China; the influence of parameters on the performance of the algorithm is discussed. The results indicate that the new method is feasible for tunnel engineering; it can improve the classification accuracy of surrounding rock exhibiting randomness, to provide an effective means of classifying surrounding rock in the dynamic design of tunnel construction.
Containerships Sailing Speed and Fleet Deployment Optimization under a Time-Based Differentiated Freight Rate Strategy
Authors: Yang Hualong , Xing Yuwei
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates the problem of containership sailing speed and fleet deployment optimization in an intercontinental liner shipping network. Under the consideration of the time value of container cargo, three kinds of impact of sailing speed changes on long legs of each liner route are analysed, and a time-based freight rate strategy is proposed. Then, the optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming. Its goal is to maximize the total profits of a container liner shipping. To find the optimal solution to the model and improve the efficiency of model solution, a discretization algorithm is proposed. Numerical results verify the applicability of the proposed model and the efficiency of the algorithm. In addition, the time-based freight rate strategy is able to achieve more profit compared to a fixed freight rate strategy.
Analysis of an M/PH/1 Retrial Queueing-Inventory System with Level Dependent Retrial Rate
Authors: Liu Zaiming , Luo Xuxiang , Wu Jinbiao
Published: August 2020

We analyze a queueing-inventory system which can model airline and railway reservation systems. An arriving customer to an idle server joins for service immediately with exactly one item from inventory at the moment of service completion if there are some on-hand inventory, or else he accesses to a buffer of varying size (the buffer capacity varies and equals to the number of the items in the inventory with maximum size S). When the buffer overflows, the customer joins an orbit of infinite capacity with probability p or is lost forever with probability 1−p. Arrivals form a Poisson process, and service time has phase type distribution. The time between any two successive retrials of the orbiting customer is exponentially distributed with parameter depending on the number of customers in the orbit. In addition, the items have a common life time with exponentially distributed. Cancellation of orders is possible before their expiry and intercancellation times are assumed to be exponentially distributed. The stability condition and steady-state probability vector have been studied by Neuts–Rao truncation method using the theory of Level Dependent Quasi-Birth-Death (LDQBD) processes. Several stationary performance measures are also computed. Furthermore, we provide numerical illustration of the system performance with variation in values of underlying parameters and analyze an optimization problem.
Claudin-1 Is a Valuable Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zuo Didi , Zhang Jiantao , Liu Tao , Li Chao , Ning Guang
Published: August 2020

Background. Claudin-1 plays an important part in maintaining the mucosal structures and physiological functions. Several studies showed a relationship between claudin-1 and colorectal cancer (CRC), but its prognostic significance is inconsistent. This meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value and clinical significance of claudin-1 in CRC. Materials and Methods. We retrieved eligible studies from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases before February 10, 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the correlation between claudin-1 and prognosis and clinical features. Heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q test and I-square (I2), while publication bias was evaluated by the Begg test and Egger test. Test sequence analysis (TSA) was used to estimate whether the included studies’ number is sufficient. The stability of the results was judged by sensitivity analysis. Metaregression was utilized to explore the possible covariance which may impact on heterogeneity among studies. Results. Eight studies incorporating 1704 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that the high expression of claudin-1 was associated with better overall survival (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28–0.76; P=0.002) and disease-free survival (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29–0.65; P=0.003) in CRC. In addition, we found that claudin-1 was related to the better tumor type (n=6; RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.49–0.73; P<0.00001), negative venous invasion (n=4; RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.95; P=0.001), and negative lymphatic invasion (n=4; RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92; P=0.0009). Conclusion. The increased claudin-1 expression in CRC is associated with better prognosis. In addition, claudin-1 was related to the better tumor type and the less venous invasion and lymphatic invasion.
How Much Hypertension is Attributed to Overweight, Obesity, and Hyperglycemia Using Adjusted Population Attributable Risk in Adults?
Authors: Babaee Ebrahim , Tehrani‐Banihashem Arash , Eshrati Babak , Purabdollah Majid , Nojomi Marzieh
Published: August 2020

Background. High blood pressure (HBP) is a proven risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. So, determining the extent of the contribution of the factors associated with HBP seems to be necessary. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate how much the prevalence of HBP attributed to obesity and high blood glucose (HBG). Methods. Data were collected from 7612 participants extracted from a screening program in 2018, in Iran, which was conducted on the subjects with the age of 30 years old and older to investigate the prevalence of HBP and their associated risk factors. To collect data, we used a standard checklist in terms of the WHO STEPS manual, and a stratified multistage sampling method was also applied. The adjusted population attributable risk of overweight, obesity, and HBG for HBP was calculated by the logistic regression model using the aflogit module. Results. Among the studied people, 7.4% of male and 10.8% of female subjects were hypertensive. The adjusted analysis showed that, in men, 27% and 41% and, among women, 19% and 37% of HBP prevalence rates were attributable to obesity (BMI ≥ 30) and fast blood sugar (FBS) (≥126), respectively. In people with both obesity and HBG, 59% of the prevalence rate of HBP in men and 46% of the prevalence in women were due to the abovementioned risk factors altogether. The results show that, if obesity and HBG were eliminated, the prevalence of HBP could be theoretically decreased from 7.4% to 5.4% and 4.3% in male subjects and from 10.8% to 8.7% and 6.8% in female subjects, respectively. Conclusions. Our findings indicate that how much the prevalence of HBP attributes to obesity and HBG in middle-age and older population. It seems that the prevention programs should be administered in the general population, and excess body weight prevention programs should also be implemented in childhood.
Damage Identification of a Steel Frame Based on Integration of Time Series and Neural Network under Varying Temperatures
Authors: Huang Minshui , Zhao Wei , Gu Jianfeng , Lei Yongzhi
Published: August 2020

The effect of varying temperatures is one of the most important challenges of vibration‐based damage identification due to its bigger effects on the structural response than the damage itself. This study presents a methodology incorporating the autoregressive (AR) time series model with two‐step artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify damage under temperature variations. AR coefficients, which are extracted by fitting the AR models to acceleration responses, are however sensitive to temperature changes, resulting in false diagnoses. Thus, two‐step ANN models with the inputs of difference in AR coefficients are utilized to compensate the detrimental temperature variations. Finite element (FE) models of a steel‐braced frame structure, simulating several damage scenarios with different damage locations and severities at fluctuating temperatures, are used to verify the effectiveness and reliability of this approach. Numerical results indicate that the proposed approach could successfully recognize, locate, and quantify damage by using output‐only vibration and temperature data regardless of varying temperatures and noise perturbations.
Excitation Function of Initial Temperature of Heavy Flavor Quarkonium Emission Source in High Energy Collisions
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Fu-Hu
Published: August 2020

The transverse momentum spectra of J/ψ, ψ2S, and YnS,n=1,2,3 produced in proton-proton p+p, proton-antiproton p+p¯, proton-lead p+Pb, gold-gold Au+Au, and lead-lead (Pb+Pb) collisions over a wide energy range are analyzed by the (two-component) Erlang distribution, the Hagedorn function (the inverse power-law), and the Tsallis-Levy function. The initial temperature is obtained from the color string percolation model from the fit by the (two-component) Erlang distribution in the framework of a multisource thermal model. The excitation functions of several parameters such as the mean transverse momentum and initial temperature increase from 39 GeV to 13 TeV, which is considered in this work. The mean transverse momentum and initial temperature decrease (increase slightly or do not change significantly) with the increase of rapidity (centrality). Meanwhile, the mean transverse momentum of YnS,n=1,2,3 is larger than that of J/ψ and ψ2S, and the initial temperature for YnS,n=1,2,3 emission is higher than that for J/ψ and ψ2S emission, which shows a mass-dependent behavior.
Music Distraction among Young Drivers: Analysis by Gender and Experience
Authors: Catalina Carlos A. , García-Herrero Susana , Cabrerizo Elvira , Herrera Sixto , García-Pineda Santiago , Mohamadi Fatemeh , Mariscal M. A.
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to quantify the probability of committing a speed infraction by young drivers and to investigate to what extent listening music could affect young drivers’ emotions as well as their driving performances at the wheel. To achieve this aim, employing Bayesian networks, the study analysed different music styles, in which they resulted in sample drivers’ speed infractions. Gender and drivers’ experiences at the wheel were the other factors, which were taken into account when interpreting the study results. Variables taken into account in this study included type of music whilst driving, gender of drivers, and drivers’ driving experiences. These variables further incorporated into the study of other telemetric variables including acceleration, number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the engine, brake, traffic, and other types of infractions other than speed, which were considered as dependent variables. A driving simulator was used, and different driving simulation studies were carried out with young people aged between 20 and 28 years. Each participant carried out three simulations by listening to different type of music in each journey. The study defined a conceptual model in which the data were analysed and evaluated mathematically through Bayesian networks. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of music on driving speed. Based on the different variables, the study further analysed the probability of speed infractions committed by drivers and their adequate speed. The range of frequency probabilities varied between 96.32% (which corresponds to experienced male drivers who do not listen to music) and 79.38% (which corresponds to less-experienced female drivers who listen to music), which resulted in their happiness or aggression.
Double Burden of Malnutrition among Female Adolescent Students in Bahir Dar City, Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Taklual Wubet , Baye Sewunet , Mekie Maru , Andualem Tesfaye
Published: August 2020

Background. Globally, nearly a third of the population suffers from at least one form of malnutrition. Both over‐ and undernutrition are a growing concern in developing countries particularly among female adolescents. This study was aimed at assessing nutritional status and associated factors among female adolescents in secondary schools of Bahir Dar City, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. A school‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in secondary schools of Bahir Dar City among 682 female adolescent students in 2019. A simple random sampling technique with proportional allocation was used to select study participants. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Underweight and overweight statuses of the participants were determined by using the WHO cutoff point. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the significance of association at a 95% confidence interval. P value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results. In this study, the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 15%, 8.4%, and 4.7%, respectively. Female adolescents found between age groups of 14‐16.5 years old (AOR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.03‐2.69), family size ≥ 4 (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.05‐4.99), participants who did not eat meat once per week (AOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.90‐2.82), and no onset of menarche (AOR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.21‐15.75) were found to be more likely underweight. In addition, adolescents with family monthly income above 6500 Ethiopian birr (AOR: 12.7, 95% CI: 2.47‐65.62), who ate meat two times and more per week (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.47‐9.14), and who ate fruit at least once a week (AOR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05‐0.78) were more likely to be overweight compared with counterparts. Conclusion and Recommendation. The prevalence of underweight and overweight was found to be high. Design evidence‐based adolescent nutritional intervention shall be emphasized by the government and other concerned bodies to avert the dual burden of malnutrition.
Some Properties of Double Roman Domination
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhou Xiaoqing
Published: August 2020

A double Roman dominating function on a graph G is a function f:VG⟶0,1,2,3 satisfying the conditions that every vertex u for which fu=0 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which fv=3 or two vertices v1 and v2 for which fv1=fv2=2 and every vertex u for which fu=1 is adjacent to at least one vertex v for which fv≥2. The weight of a double Roman dominating function f is the value fV=∑u∈Vfu. The minimum weight of a double Roman dominating function on a graph G is called the double Roman domination numberγdRG of G. A graph with γdRG=3γG is called a double Roman graph. In this paper, we study properties of double Roman domination in graphs. Moreover, we find a class of double Roman graphs and give characterizations of trees with γdRT=γRT+k for k=1,2.
Network Traffic Anomaly Detection Based on ML-ESN for Power Metering System
Authors: Zhang S. T. , Lin X. B. , Wu L. , Song Y. Q. , Liao N. D. , Liang Z. H.
Published: August 2020

Due to the diversity and complexity of power network system platforms, some traditional network traffic detection methods work well for small sample datasets. However, the network data detection of complex power metering system platforms has problems of low accuracy and high false-positive rate. In this paper, through a combination of exploration and feedback, a solution for power network traffic anomaly detection based on multilayer echo state network (ML-ESN) is proposed. This method first relies on the Pearson and Gini coefficient method to calculate the statistical distribution and correlation of network flow characteristics and then uses the ML-ESN method to classify the network attacks abnormally. Because the ML-ESN method abandons the backpropagation mechanism, the nonlinear fitting ability of the model is solved. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation test was conducted on the UNSW_NB15 network security dataset. The test results show that the average accuracy of this method is more than 97%, which is significantly better than single-layer echo state network, shallow BP neural network, and some traditional machine learning methods.
Slender Sheath/Guiding Catheter Combination vs. Sheathless Guiding Catheter for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the Two Devices
Authors: Isawa Tsuyoshi , Horie Kazunori , Honda Taku , Taguri Masataka , Tada Norio
Published: August 2020

A Glidesheath slender (Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) and a sheathless Eaucath guiding catheter (Asahi Intecc, Nagoya, Japan) are two major slender devices utilized in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the differences in access-site complications between these devices in PCI for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A total of 1108 consecutive patients who underwent transradial PCI for ACS were enrolled. Transradial PCI was performed using either a 7-Fr Glidesheath slender/7-Fr guiding catheter combination (Glidesheath group) or a 7.5-Fr sheathless guiding catheter (Sheathless group); 1 : 1 propensity score matching was performed, and 728 patients (364 in each group) were included in the propensity-matched population. In the matched patients, univariate analysis revealed that the Glidesheath group had less radial artery occlusion (RAO) at 30 days (Glidesheath: 1.4% vs. Sheathless: 4.1%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) =  0.12–0.91,

p
=
0.039

), whereas no significant between-group differences were observed in severe radial spasm (Glidesheath: 1.4% vs. Sheathless: 1.9%, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.23–2.22,

p
=
0.58

) or access-site major bleeding (Glidesheath: 1.4% vs. Sheathless: 1.6%, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.26–2.71,

p
=
1.00

). Multivariate analysis revealed that the choice for Glidesheath was significantly associated with less RAO (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.11–0.93,

p
=
0.036

). In conclusion, 7-Fr Glidesheath slender/7-Fr guiding catheter combination is obviously more advantageous than 7.5-Fr sheathless guiding catheters for decreased risk of RAO. The potential low risk of RAO in our findings supports the adoption of the 7-Fr Glidesheath slender sheath/7-Fr guiding catheter combination in transradial PCI for ACS.
The Choice of Nuclear Energy for Ghana as a Result of Development of Its Energy Production
Authors: Gyamfi Kwame , Birikorang Sylvester Attakorah , Ampomah-Amoako Emmanuel , Fletcher John Justice , Osei Bernard
Published: August 2020

Ghana thought of nuclear energy early in the 1960s but has not been able to realize this dream of generating electricity from nuclear power. Ghana’s electricity generation dates back to the Gold Coast era where the main source of electricity supply (isolated diesel generators) was owned by industrial establishments, municipalities, and other institutions. The electricity sector has developed over the years and has diversified its power generation development to take advantage of available and sustainable sources of energy, mainly hydro, natural gas, liquefied petroleum products, and renewables. These sources sought to increase the electricity production capacity in the country, but unfortunately, it has not been able to catch up with the rate of economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and rural electrification projects. This has led to Ghana’s persistent energy crisis, with inadequate and unpredictable power supply coupled with erratic and prolonged cuts of electricity to homes, industries, and businesses which is now colloquially referred to in the local parlance as “dumsor.” The Government of Ghana and key stakeholders have therefore decided to add nuclear energy to the energy mix of the country to complement the country’s two main energy sources being hydro and thermal electricity. The details of the developments in the electricity sector leading to the choice of nuclear energy as the best solution for Ghana have been outlined.
Intake of Dietary Fruit, Vegetables, and Fiber and Risk of Colorectal Cancer According to Molecular Subtypes: A Pooled Analysis of 9 Studies
Authors: Hidaka Akihisa , Harrison Tabitha A. , Cao Yin , Sakoda Lori C. , Barfield Richard , Giannakis Marios , Song Mingyang , Phipps Amanda I. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Zaidi Syed H. , Toland Amanda E. , Amitay Efrat L. , Berndt Sonja I. , Borozan Ivan , Chan Andrew T. , Gallinger Steven , Gunter Marc J. , Guinter Mark A. , Harlid Sophia , Hampel Heather , Jenkins Mark A. , Lin Yi , Moreno Victor , Newcomb Polly A. , Nishihara Reiko , Ogino Shuji , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Parfrey Patrick S. , Potter John D. , Slattery Martha L. , Steinfelder Robert S. , Um Caroline Y. , Wang Xiaoliang , Woods Michael O. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Hoffmeister Michael , Sun Wei , Hsu Li , Buchanan Daniel D. , Campbell Peter T. , Peters Ulrike
Published: August 2020

Protective associations of fruits, vegetables, and fiber intake with colorectal cancer risk have been shown in many, but not all epidemiologic studies. One possible reason for study heterogeneity is that dietary factors may have distinct effects by colorectal cancer molecular subtypes. Here, we investigate the association of fruit, vegetables, and fiber intake with four well-established colorectal cancer molecular subtypes separately and in combination. Nine observational studies including 9,592 cases with molecular subtypes for microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and somatic mutations in BRAF and KRAS genes, and 7,869 controls were analyzed. Both case-only logistic regression analyses and polytomous logistic regression analyses (with one control set and multiple case groups) were used. Higher fruit intake was associated with a trend toward decreased risk of BRAF-mutated tumors [OR 4th vs. 1st quartile = 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–1.04)] but not BRAF-wildtype tumors [1.09 (0.97–1.22); P difference as shown in case-only analysis = 0.02]. This difference was observed in case–control studies and not in cohort studies. Compared with controls, higher fiber intake showed negative association with colorectal cancer risk for cases with microsatellite stable/MSI-low, CIMP-negative, BRAF-wildtype, and KRAS-wildtype tumors (Ptrend range from 0.03 to 3.4e-03), which is consistent with the traditional adenoma-colorectal cancer pathway. These negative associations were stronger compared with MSI-high, CIMP-positive, BRAF-mutated, or KRAS-mutated tumors, but the differences were not statistically significant. These inverse associations for fruit and fiber intake may explain, in part, inconsistent findings between fruit or fiber intake and colorectal cancer risk that have previously been reported.

Significance:

These analyses by colorectal cancer molecular subtypes potentially explain the inconsistent findings between dietary fruit or fiber intake and overall colorectal cancer risk that have previously been reported.
Evolution of Genomic and T-cell Repertoire Heterogeneity of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Under Dasatinib Treatment
Authors: Chen Runzhe , Lee Won-Chul , Fujimoto Junya , Li Jun , Hu Xin , Mehran Reza , Rice David , Swisher Stephen G. , Sepesi Boris , Tran Hai T. , Chow Chi-Wan , Little Latasha D. , Gumbs Curtis , Haymaker Cara , Heymach John V. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Lee J. Jack , Futreal P. Andrew , Zhang Jianhua , Reuben Alexandre , Tsao Anne S. , Zhang Jianjun
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is considered an orphan disease with few treatment options. Despite multimodality therapy, the majority of MPMs recur and eventually become refractory to any systemic treatment. One potential mechanism underlying therapeutic resistance may be intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), making MPM challenging to eradicate. However, the ITH architecture of MPM and its clinical impact have not been well studied.

Experimental Design:

We delineated the immunogenomic ITH by multiregion whole-exome sequencing and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of 69 longitudinal MPM specimens from nine patients with resectable MPM, who were treated with dasatinib.

Results:

The median total mutation burden before dasatinib treatment was 0.65/Mb, similar with that of post-dasatinib treatment (0.62/Mb). The median proportion of mutations shared by any given pair of two tumor regions within the same tumors was 80% prior to and 83% post-dasatinib treatment indicating a relatively homogenous genomic landscape. T-cell clonality, a parameter indicating T-cell expansion and reactivity, was significantly increased in tumors after dasatinib treatment. Furthermore, on average, 82% of T-cell clones were restricted to individual tumor regions, with merely 6% of T-cell clones shared by all regions from the same tumors indicating profound TCR heterogeneity. Interestingly, patients with higher T-cell clonality and higher portion of T cells present across all tumor regions in post-dasatinib–treated tumors had significantly longer survival.

Conclusions:

Despite the homogeneous genomic landscape, the TCR repertoire is extremely heterogeneous in MPM. Dasatinib may potentially induce T-cell response leading to improved survival.
Blood Supply of Early Lung Adenocarcinomas in Mice and the Tumor-supplying Vessel Relationship: A Micro-CT Angiography Study
Authors: Deng Lin , Tang Hanzhou , Qiang Jinwei , Wang Jie , Xiao Shiman
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to investigate the blood supply of early lung adenocarcinomas in mice and the relationship between tumors and their supplying vessels by using micro-CT. An early lung adenocarcinoma model was established in 10 female mice with subcutaneous injections of a 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine solution. Micro-CT pulmonary and bronchial arteriography were performed to demonstrate the blood supply of early lung adenocarcinomas, especially the tumor–vessel relationships, and the findings were correlated with the pathology results. The quantitative and texture changes in the tumor-supplying vessels were analyzed. Micro-CT showed that the pulmonary artery was densely distributed in and around tumors in 141 (84%) of 167 early lung adenocarcinomas, the bronchial artery was not related to tumors, and there were four patterns of tumor–pulmonary artery relationships that correlated well with pathologic findings. Quantitative and texture analyses showed that the tumor size had positive correlations with vessel volume (VV), VV fraction (VVF), vessel thickness (VT), vessel number (VN), inverse difference moment, long run emphasis, gray level nonuniformity (GLN), and run length nonuniformity (RLN) and negative correlations with vessel separation (VS), inertia, and short run emphasis (SRE); the size of the solid component had positive correlations with VV, VVF, VT, VN, GLN, and RLN and negative correlations with VS, cluster shade, and SRE. This study concluded that early lung adenocarcinomas are mainly supplied by the pulmonary arteries in mice, and micro-CT angiography can clearly demonstrate the morphologic changes of pulmonary arteries and their relationships with tumors.
Managing Preterm Infants Born to COVID-19 Mothers: Evidence from a Retrospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Hu Xiaolin , Gao Jinzhi , Wei Ying , Chen Hui , Sun Xuan , Chen Juan , Luo Xiaoping , Chen Ling
Published: August 2020

Background: COVID-19 has spread rapidly over the world. Little is known about the outcomes of infections in pregnant women. The management and characteristics of preterm infants born to COVID-19 mothers need to be clarified. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, we describe the clinical courses of 6 preterm infants born to COVID-19 mothers, the management protocol, and related outcomes. Results: Six preterm infants were admitted to Tongji Hospital between January 23 and March 19, 2020. Gestational age ranged from 28+5 to 36+3 weeks. One late preterm infant was delivered early due to maternal dyspnea from COVID-19. Five infants were delivered by Caesarean section. None had perinatal asphyxia. Two infants required respiratory support due to respiratory distress syndrome and apnea of prematurity. All infants did not develop severe complications of prematurity and are negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing. Conclusion: With an expedited and adequate delivery protocol, less invasive treatment principle, and active infection precautious, we found a limited impact of COVID-19 mothers on preterm delivery and neonatal short-term outcomes. The risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is low in preterm infants born to COVID-19 mothers if appropriate management is implemented.
Distribuição ultraestrutural de colágeno tipo IV em feridas experimentais após tratamento com papaína
Authors: Brito Junior Lacy Cardoso De , Levy Ian Eliezer
Published: August 2020

Modelo do estudo: Experimental. Objetivo: Investigar a distribuição de fibras colágeno tipo IV, por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, em feridas experimentais tratadas com soluções de papaína. Metodologia: Ratos Wistar (n=18), machos, adultos, foram submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico para a retirada de seção quadrada de pele da região cervical, e posteriormente separados em dois grupos: Grupo I (n = 9), sem tratamento; e Grupo II (n = 9), tratado com soluções de papaína a 10% (até o 7º dia), 6% (do 8º ao 14º dia) e 4% (do 15º ao 21º dia). Todos os animais foram sacrificados com 7, 14 e 21 dias, e as áreas lesadas retiradas, lavadas em PBS e fixadas em 2,5% de glutaraldeo, 4% de formaldeio recém preparado, em solução tamponada contendo 60 mM Pipes, 20 mM Hepes, 10 mM etilenoglicol-bis- (B-aminoetiléter) - Ácido N, N, N'-tetraacético, KCl 70 mM e MgCl2 5 mM pH 7,2 por 1h; pós-fixadas em solução contendo tetróxido de ósmio a 1%, ferrocianeto a 0,8% e cloreto de cálcio a 5 mM; desidratados em acetona graduada e embebidos em Epon® para confecção de secções finas, coradas com acetato de uranilo e citrato de chumbo, e examinadas em microscópio electrônico de transmissão Zeiss LEO EM 906 (TEM). Resultados: A distribuição das fibras colágeno tipo IV das lesões tratadas com papaína (Grupo II), com 14 e 21 dias, mostraram-se mais organizadas que as fibras do Grupo I. Conclusões: A papaína mostrou-se um importante facilitador para organização de fibras colágeno tipo IV em feridas experimentais.
68 + 74 = 2020? O que resta de político no “teatro político”
Authors: Neveux Olivier
Published: August 2020

Conferência realizada dia 14 de dezembro de 2019 no ciclo de conversas “Teatro e Política” que aconteceu no Mira Fórum na cidade do Porto em Portugal
A culpa é da indústria concurseira?
Authors: Araujo Ana Luiza Gomes , Oliveira Kamila Pagel , Cardoso Gustavo Alves
Published: August 2020

A busca por cargos públicos no Brasil é crescente e o perfil dos ingressantes, de acordo com Castelar, Veloso, Ferreira e Soares (2010) se mostra consideravelmente homogêneo. Quanto aos motivos para ingresso, Albrecht e Krawulsky (2011) mostram que os principais são estabilidade, remuneração e carreira. Esses fatores sinalizam a existência de uma indústria concurseira, cada vez mais sólida e lucrativa, vista, frequentemente, como a principal causa de atração, para o serviço público, de profissionais que não possuem perfil adequado e não demonstram ethos público. Questiona-se: em que medida as características do atual modelo de recrutamento e seleção predominante no setor público fomentam essa indústria concurseira? O objetivo deste ensaio teórico consiste em analisar falhas do concurso público que incentivam a indústria concurseira, dando destaque para os seguintes pontos: o recrutamento e chamamento padrão de candidatos, a seleção incompleta e superficial, falhas no estágio probatório e a ausência de acompanhamento efetivo dos ingressantes.
A proteção de bem cultural imóvel no Brasil
Authors: Soares Aendria De Souza do Carmo Mota , Oliveira Caio César de , Nóbrega Izabel Vicente Izidoro da
Published: August 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a proteção e a promoção do patrimônio cultural de bem imóvel no Brasil, a partir da análise do tombamento em face da Teoria dos Jogos. Utilizando-se da estratégia metodológica da pesquisa teórica, por meio do procedimento de análise de conteúdo e da estratégia de abordagem descritiva, constatou-se que o tombamento é indispensável, pois ele é o instrumento protetivo constitucional e infraconstitu­-cionalmente determinado. Verificou-se que o comportamento estratégico dos agentes que compõem a relação jurídica subjacente é determinante para a preservação de bem cultural imóvel. Na análise da interlocução entre o tombamento e a Teoria dos Jogos, inferiu-se que a utilização dessa teoria pode representar uma importante contribuição para a efetiva proteção de bem cultural imóvel, tanto na perspectiva de proposições legislativas, quanto na concepção e execução de ações que atinjam além dos integrantes diretos da relação jurídica de tombamento a comunidade em geral.
O chamamento público da Lei nº 13.019/2014 e a regulamentação do inc. VI do art. 30 pelos Estados e pelo Distrito Federal
Authors: Alberti Lucas Marochi , Hamada Guilherme Henrique
Published: August 2020

A Lei nº 13.019/2014 estabeleceu um novo marco jurídico para as relações entre o Poder Público e o terceiro setor. Dentre suas inovações, definiu o que são Organizações da Sociedade Civil e estabeleceu, como regra geral, a realização de procedimento de chamamento público para seleção do parceiro. O presente artigo busca compreender, à luz da doutrina, o significado da expressão “prévio credenciamento”, prevista no inc. VI do art. 30 como hipótese de não realização do procedimento de chamamento público. Também visa descrever e comparar a regulamentação do dispositivo pelos Estado e pelo Distrito Federal analisando a hipótese legal e sua aplicação por estes entes federativos.
Plaque Regression and Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization With Intensive Lipid Elimination Regimen (PREMIER)
Authors: Banerjee Subhash , Luo Ping , Reda Domenic J. , Latif Faisal , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Armstrong Ehrin J. , Bagai Jayant , Abu-Fadel Mazen , Baskar Amutharani , Kamath Preeti , Lippe Daniel , Wei Yongliang , Scrymgeour Alexandra , Gleason Theresa C. , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are removed by extracorporeal filtration during LDL apheresis. It is mainly used in familial hyperlipidemia. The PREMIER trial (Plaque Regression and Progenitor Cell Mobilization With Intensive Lipid Elimination Regimen) evaluated LDL apheresis in nonfamilial hyperlipidemia acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:

We randomized 160 acute coronary syndrome patients at 4 Veterans Affairs centers within 72 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention to intensive lipid-lowering therapy (ILLT) comprising single LDL apheresis and statins versus standard medical therapy (SMT) with no LDL apheresis and statin therapy alone. Trial objectives constituted primary safety and primary efficacy end points and endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming unit mobilization in peripheral blood.

Results:

Mean LDL reduction at discharge was 53% in ILLT and 17% in SMT groups (
P
<0.0001) from baseline levels of 116.3±34.3 and 110.7±32 mg/dL (
P
=0.2979), respectively. The incidence of the primary safety end point of major peri-percutaneous coronary intervention adverse events was similar in both groups (ILLT, 3; SMT, 0). The primary efficacy end point, percentage change in total plaque volume at 90 days by intravascular ultrasound, on average decreased by 4.81% in the ILLT group and increased by 2.31% in the SMT group (difference of means, −7.13 [95% CI, −14.59 to 0.34];
P
=0.0611). The raw change in total plaque volume on average decreased more in the ILLT group than in the SMT group (−6.01 versus −0.95 mm
3
; difference of means, −5.06 [95% CI, −11.61 to 1.48];
P
=0.1286). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for participating sites, age, preexisting coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, baseline LDL levels, and baseline plaque burden. There was robust endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming unit mobilization from baseline to 90 days in the ILLT group (
P
=0.0015) but not in SMT (
P
=0.0844).

Conclusions:

PREMIER is the first randomized clinical trial to demonstrate safety and a trend for early coronary plaque regression with LDL apheresis in nonfamilial hyperlipidemia acute coronary syndrome patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01004406 and NCT02347098.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of 244 Cardiovascular Patients Suffering From Coronavirus Disease in Wuhan, China
Authors: Peng Yudong , Meng Kai , He Meian , Zhu Ruirui , Guan Hongquan , Ke Zihan , Leng Liang , Wang Xiang , Liu Bende , Hu Caiying , Ji Qingwei , Keerman Mulatibieke , Cheng Longxian , Wu Tangchun , Huang Kai , Zeng Qiutang
Published: August 2020

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has developed into a global outbreak. Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with COVID‐19 have different clinical characteristics and prognostic outcomes. This study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of patients with COVID‐19 with CVD, especially the critically ill patients.

Methods and Results

This study included 244 patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and CVD (hypertension, coronary heart disease, or heart failure). The patients were categorized into critical (n=36) and noncritical (n=208) groups according to the interim guidance of China’s National Health Commission. Clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were collected from the patients’ medical records and compared between the 2 groups. The average body mass index of patients was significantly higher in the critical group than in the noncritical group. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, and fibrinogen, and
d
‐dimer levels at admission were significantly increased in the critical group. The all‐cause mortality rate among cases of COVID‐19 combined with CVD was 19.26%; the proportion of coronary heart disease and heart failure was significantly higher in deceased patients than in recovered patients. High body mass index, previous history of coronary heart disease, lactic acid accumulation, and a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen were associated with death.

Conclusions

All‐cause mortality in patients with COVID‐19 with CVD in hospitals is high. The high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio may be a predictor of critical patients. Overweight/obesity combined with coronary heart disease, severe hypoxia, and lactic acid accumulation resulting from respiratory failure are related to poor outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2000029865.
Dendrochilum ignisiflorum (Coelogyninae, Arethuseae, Orchidaceae), a new species from Luzon Island, Philippines

Authors: TAMAYO MAVERICK N. , PRANADA MC ANDREW K. , BUSTAMANTE RENE ALFRED ANTON
Published: August 2020

Dendrochilum ignisiflorum is hereby described and illustrated as a new species of orchid endemic to Luzon Island, Philippines. The species resembles D. vanoverberghii by having petiolate leaves, channelled petioles, labellum of the same size, and the erect to suberect incurved column but distinct by the sub-globose or broadly ellipsoid pseudobulb, 3 distinct leaf veins, barely spreading flowers, lanceolate and revolute dorsal sepal, and the absence of callus in the labellum.
Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Boerhavia (Nyctaginaceae) in India

Authors: RAVICHANDRAN ARUN PRASANTH , SARDESAI MILIND M. , YADAV S. R.
Published: August 2020

Boerhavia coccinea (Nyctaginaceae) is recorded for the first time in India (Satara district, Maharashtra). The name B. procumbens, previously synonymized with B. diffusa, is here accepted for a distinguished species on the basis of nature of stem (color and hairiness), hairs on leaf margin, type of inflorescence and shape of the anthocarp. The current distribution of B. procumbens in India is also provided. A detailed description, as well as illustration, photographs, distribution and a morphological comparison among B. coccinea, B. crispa, B. procumbens, and B. diffusa are also given. Lectotypes of the names B. crispa and B. procumbens (deposited at K) are designated.
Lactuca anatolica (Asteraceae: Lactucinae), a new species from eastern Anatolia (Turkey)

Authors: BEHÇET LÜTFİ , YAPAR YAKUP
Published: August 2020

Lactuca anatolica is described as a new species from the province of Bingöl, and is known from only one locality. Its diagnostic characters are discussed, and taxonomic comments are presented. Lactuca anatolica is similar to L. leucoclada, L. orientalis subsp. nuristanica and L. orientalis subsp. orientalis but differs from these species in achenes, indumentum and leaves. Its achenes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data on ecology and IUCN conservation status of the new species are also presented. A distribution map of the new and related species is provided.
Studies on the related Neotropical genera Acrogymnia Malaise and Dacrogymnia, n. gen. (Hymenoptera: Argidae)
Authors: SMITH DAVID R. , MALAGÓN-ALDANA LEONARDO A.
Published: August 2020

Twenty species of Acrogymnia Malaise and five species of Dacrogymnia Smith & Malagón-Aldana, n. gen., both exclusively Neotropical genera, are treated. Acrogymnia occurs from Costa Rica south to Bolivia and southeastern Brazil and Dacrogymnia from southern Colombia to Argentina. The following species are included: Acrogymnia alagoas Smith, n. sp., A. blanki Smith, n. sp., A. brevis Smith, n. sp., A. chapada Smith, n. sp., A. clypea Smith, n. sp., A coxalis (Konow, 1906), A. deulufeuti Smith, n. sp., A. diamantinensis Malaise, 1955, A. fascia Smith, n. sp., A. krylita Smith, n. sp., A. listoni Smith, n. sp., A. lopesi Malaise, 1949, A. palama Smith, 1992, A. pauxilla (Konow, 1906), A. pereirai Smith & Malagón-Aldana, n. sp., A. pulla Smith, n. sp., A. pusilla (Malaise, 1937), A. rufina Malaise,1949, A. scutimacula Malaise, 1941, A. transtillata (Konow, 1906), Dacrogymnia acella (Smith, 1992), n. comb., D. imbogea (Smith,1981), n. comb., D. australis Smith, n. sp., D. fernandezi Smith & Malagón-Aldana, n. sp., and D. taegeri Smith, n. sp. An identification key for species is provided; however, association of sexes in Acrogymnia is still uncertain for several species.
Bin-Emulating Hail Melting in Three-Moment Bulk Microphysics
Authors: Mansell Edward R. , Dawson II Daniel T. , Straka Jerry M.
Published: August 2020

A three-moment bulk microphysics scheme is modified to treat melting in a size-dependent manner that emulates results from a spectral bin scheme. The three-moment bulk framework allows the distribution shape to change and accommodate some direct effects of melting on both the hail and raindrop size distributions. Reflectivity changes and shed raindrop sizes are calculated over discrete size ranges of the hail particle spectrum. Smaller ice particles are treated as melting into drops of the same mass, whereas large particles shed drops as they melt. As small ice particles are lost, the size spectrum naturally becomes narrower and the mean size of small hail can increase. Large hail with a narrow spectrum, however, can decrease in size from melting. A substantial effect is seen on the rain median volume diameter when small drops are shed from large melting hail. The NSSL bulk scheme is compared with bin microphysics in steady-state hail shafts and in a supercell storm case. It is also shown that melting (or any substantial removal of mass) induces gravitational size sorting in bulk microphysics to increase hail size despite the design of the process rates to maintain the mean size of the melting ice. This unintended side effect can be a correct behavior for small hail, but not for large hail with a narrow distribution, when mean hail size should decrease by melting.