bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrographic Changes in Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) in Recent Decades Based on δ18O Profiles of Bivalve Shells
Authors: Torres Marta E. , Zima Daniela , Falkner Kelly K. , Macdonald Robie W. , O'Brien Mary , Schöne Bernd R. , Siferd Tim
Published: February 2014

Nares Strait is one of three main passages of the Canadian Archipelago that channel relatively fresh seawater from the Arctic Ocean through Baffin Bay to the Labrador Sea. Oxygen isotopic profiles along the growth axis of bivalve shells, collected live over the 5 – 30 m depth range from the Greenland and Ellesmere Island sides of the strait, were used to reconstruct changes in the hydrography of the region over the past century. The variability in oxygen isotope ratios is mainly attributed to variations in salinity and suggests that the northern end of Nares Strait has been experiencing an increase in freshwater runoff since the mid 1980s. The recent changes are most pronounced at the northern end of the strait and diminish toward the south, a pattern consistent with proximity to the apparently freshening Arctic Ocean source in the north and mixing with Baffin Bay waters as the water progresses southward. This increasing freshwater signal may reflect changes in circulation and ice formation that favor an increased flow of relatively fresh waters from the Arctic Ocean into Nares Strait. 
Ways to Help and Ways to Hinder: Governance for Effective Adaptation to an Uncertain Climate
Authors: Loring Philip A. , Gerlach S. Craig , Atkinson David E. , Murray Maribeth S.
Published: February 2014

This paper compares two case studies in Alaska, one on commercial fishers of the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands region and the other on moose hunters of Interior Alaska, to identify how governance arrangements and management strategies enhance or limit people’s ability to respond effectively to changing climatic and environmental conditions. The two groups face similar challenges regarding the impacts of a changing climate on wild fish and game, but they tell very different stories regarding how and under what conditions these impacts challenge their harvest activities. In both regions, people describe dramatic changes in weather, land, and seascape conditions, and distributions of fish and game. A key finding is that the “command-and-control” model of governance in the Alaska Interior, as implemented through state and federal management tools such as registration hunts and short open seasons, limits effective local responses to environmental conditions, while the more decentralized model of governance created by the Limited Access Privilege systems of the Bering Sea allows fishers great flexibility to respond. We discuss ways to implement aspects of a decentralized decision-making model in the Interior that would benefit hunters by increasing their adaptability and success, while also improving conservation outcomes. Our findings also demonstrate the usefulness of the diagnostic framework employed here for facilitating comparative crossregional analyses of natural resource use and management.
Community Perspectives on the Impact of Climate Change on Health in Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Healey G.K. , Magner K.M. , Ritter R. , Kamookak R. , Aningmiuq A. , Issaluk B. , Mackenzie K. , Allardyce L. , Stockdale A. , Moffit P.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore community perspectives on the most important ways that climate change is affecting the health of northern peoples. The study was conducted in Iqaluit, Nunavut, using a participatory action approach and the photovoice research method. Participants identified themes and patterns in the data and developed a visual model of the relationships between the themes identified. Five themes emerged from the data: the direct impacts of climate change on the health of individuals and communities, the transition from past climates to future climates, necessary adaptation to the changing climate in the North, the call to action (individual, regional, and national), and reflection on the past and changing knowledge systems. A climate change and health model was developed to illustrate the relationships between the themes. Participants in this study conceptualized health and climate change broadly. Participants believed that by engaging in a process of ongoing reflection, and by continually incorporating new knowledge and experiences into traditional knowledge systems, communities may be better able to adapt and cope with the challenges to health posed by climate change. 
Spatial Variability of the Dominant Climate Signal in Cassiope tetragona from Sites in Arctic Canada
Authors: Rayback Shelly A. , Lini Andrea , Henry Gregory H.R.
Published: February 2014

Our study investigates the nature of the climate signal in three populations of the Arctic dwarf-shrub Cassiope tetragona using dendrochronological and stable isotope analysis techniques. We present 15 new C. tetragona chronologies from three sites (Axel Heiberg, Bathurst, and Devon islands) in the eastern Canadian Arctic, of which three are the first continuous stable carbon isotope ratio (δ¹³C) time series developed for Arctic shrubs. Correlation and multivariate regression analyses revealed that multiple and different climate factors influenced the chronologies within and between the three sites. At the Axel Heiberg Island site, the dominant climatic influences over annual stem elongation were previous year (t-1) and current year (t) summer precipitation, while annual production of flower buds was influenced by (t) winter precipitation and spring temperature. At Bathurst Island, annual production of flower buds responded to (t-1) growing season sunshine hours and winter precipitation and to (t) late growing season temperature and moisture availability. Our analysis of the Axel Heiberg and Bathurst Island models revealed the positive influence on δ13C values of (t-1) winter temperature—and on Bathurst Island only, of (t-1) spring sunshine hours. The combined influence of these parameters on spring moisture availability suggests that the δ13C ratios varied in response to stomatal conductance. At Devon Island, the δ13C values varied in response to (t) and (t-1) spring and summer temperature and spring and fall solar radiation, which in turn influence the rate of photosynthesis. Our study supports the emerging hypothesis that Arctic shrubs are sensitive to climate. However, strong spatial variation in plant-climate response characterized our sampling sites. This variation may be linked to site sensitivity, or regional climate variability due to geographic and topographic differences, or both.  
Bowhead whales, and not right whales, were the primary target of 16th- to 17th-century Basque Whalers in the Western North Atlantic
Authors: McLeod B.A. , Brown M.W. , Moore M.J. , Stevens W. , Barkham S.H. , Barkham M. , White B.N.
Published: February 2014

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Basque whalers travelled annually to the Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence to hunt whales. The hunting that occurred during this period is of primary significance for the North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis (Müller, 1776), because it has been interpreted as the largest human-induced reduction of the western North Atlantic population, with ~12250–21 000 whales killed. It has been frequently reported that the Basques targeted two species in this region: the North Atlantic right whale and the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus L., 1758. To evaluate this hypothesis and the relative impact of this period of whaling on both species, we collected samples from 364 whale bones during a comprehensive search of Basque whaling ports from the 16th to the 17th century in the Strait of Belle Isle and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Bones were found and sampled at 10 of the 20 sites investigated. DNA was extracted from a subset (n = 218) of these samples. Analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome b region identified five whale species. The identification of only a single right whale bone and 203 bowhead whale bones from at least 72 individuals indicates that the bowhead whale was likely the principal target of the hunt. These results imply that this whaling had a much greater impact (in terms of numbers of whales removed) on the bowhead whale population than on the western North Atlantic right whale population.
Approaching Freshet beneath Landfast Ice in Kugmallit Bay on the Canadian Arctic Shelf: Evidence from Sensor and Ground Truth Data
Authors: Walker Tony R. , Grant Jon , Jarvis Peter
Published: February 2014

The Mackenzie River is the largest river in the North American Arctic. Its huge freshwater and sediment load impacts the Canadian Beaufort Shelf, transporting large quantities of sediment and associated organic carbon into the Arctic Ocean. The majority of this sediment transport occurs during the freshet peak flow season (May to June). Mackenzie River-Arctic Ocean coupling has been widely studied during open water seasons, but has rarely been investigated in shallow water under landfast ice in Kugmallit Bay with field-based surveys, except for those using remote sensing. We observed and measured sedimentation rates (51 g m-2 d-1) and the concentrations of chlorophyll a (mean 2.2 ?g L-1) and suspended particulate matter (8.5 mg L-1) and determined the sediment characteristics during early spring, before the breakup of landfast ice in Kugmallit Bay. We then compared these results with comparable data collected from the same site the previous summer. Comparison of organic quality in seston and trapped material demonstrated substantial seasonal differences. The subtle changes in biological and oceanographic variables beneath landfast ice that we measured using sensors and field sampling techniques suggest the onset of a spring melt occurring hundreds of kilometres farther south in the Mackenzie Basin.
Plastic scintillators for positron emission tomography obtained by the bulk polymerization method
Authors: Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Molenda Marcin , Moskal Paweł , Wieczorek Anna , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik Monika , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Gupta-Sharma Neha , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia
Published: February 2014

This paper describes three methods regarding the production of plastic scintillators. One method appears to be suitable for the manufacturing of plastic scintillators, revealing properties which fulfill the requirements of novel positron emission tomography scanners based on plastic scintillators. The key parameters of the manufacturing process are determined and discussed.
Study of the relationship between characteristics of aramid fibrids and mechanical property of aramid paper using DSC
Authors: Zhao Huifang , Zhu Yinbang , Sha Lizheng
Published: February 2014

Fiber classification of aramid fibrids was carried out using a Bauer-McNett fiber classifier, and the molecular weight and thermal properties of different sizes of aramid fibrids were determined with viscometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Aramid handsheets were made from different sizes of aramid fibrids and aramid short fibers, and the relationship between mechanical strength of aramid handsheets and thermal properties of aramid fibrids was examined. In addition, aramid papers from four different sources were also investigated to elucidate the relationship between their thermal properties and mechanical strength. It was found that aramid fibrids passing through 30-mesh screens and remaining on 50-mesh screens and aramid fibrids with narrower molecular weight distribution are suitable for the production of high-strength aramid papers. Lower crystallinity and wider molecular weight distribution are important contributors to the lower mechanical strength of domestic aramid paper when compared to that of Nomex paper.
Do Remittances Attract Foreign Direct Investment? An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Basnet Hem C. , Upadhyaya Kamal P.
Published: February 2014

Remittances are a major source of household income in many Asian, African, and Latin American countries. Households spend a significant portion of remittances on health and education. Given that human capital is one of the primary determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow, this study develops a model in which remittances are one of several determinants of the observed variation in FDI. The model is estimated using data from a group of 35 middle-income countries from Latin America, Asia–Pacific, and Africa. The estimated results ascribe no significance to remittances in explaining cross-country variation in FDI. However, geographically-disaggregated estimated results do establish a positive effect for African countries, no significant effect for Latin American countries, and a negative effect for the Asia–Pacific region.
Effect of specimen configuration on the measurement of off-axis logarithmic decrement of solid wood measured by longitudinal and flexural vibration tests
Authors: Yoshihara Hiroshi , Yoshinobu Masahiro
Published: February 2014

Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) lumber was tested in terms of off-axis modulus of elasticity (MOEoff-axis) and off-axis logarithmic decrement (λ
off-axis) by longitudinal and flexural vibration (VTlong and VTflex) methods. Similar to the results obtained in a previous study, these results indicate that the values of MOEoff-axis are dependent on the length-to-width ratio of specimens when the value of off-axis angle (θ) is approximately 15°. Although the λ
off-axis values are also dependent on the length-to-width ratio, the dependence is not pronounced over a specific range of θ. To measure the λ
off-axis value accurately, as well as the MOEoff-axis value, the specimen should be sufficiently slender.
Locally Efficient Estimation of Marginal Treatment Effects When Outcomes Are Correlated: Is the Prize Worth the Chase?
Authors: Stephens Alisa , Tchetgen Tchetgen Eric , De Gruttola Victor
Published: February 2014

Semiparametric methods have been developed to increase efficiency of inferences in randomized trials by incorporating baseline covariates. Locally efficient estimators of marginal treatment effects, which achieve minimum variance under an assumed model, are available for settings in which outcomes are independent. The value of the pursuit of locally efficient estimators in other settings, such as when outcomes are multivariate, is often debated. We derive and evaluate semiparametric locally efficient estimators of marginal mean treatment effects when outcomes are correlated; such outcomes occur in randomized studies with clustered or repeated-measures responses. The resulting estimating equations modify existing generalized estimating equations (GEE) by identifying the efficient score under a mean model for marginal effects when data contain baseline covariates. Locally efficient estimators are implemented for longitudinal data with continuous outcomes and clustered data with binary outcomes. Methods are illustrated through application to AIDS Clinical Trial Group Study 398, a longitudinal randomized clinical trial that compared the effects of various protease inhibitors in HIV-positive subjects who had experienced antiretroviral therapy failure. In addition, extensive simulation studies characterize settings in which locally efficient estimators result in efficiency gains over suboptimal estimators and assess their feasibility in practice.
Effect of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on the risk of developing pulmonary edema in preterm births
Authors: Xiao ChengWei , Gangal Mihnea , Abenhaim Haim A.
Published: February 2014

Objective: To evaluate the risk of developing pulmonary edema in women exposed to nifedipine, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), or both in a preterm setting.

Study design: We carried out a retrospective case-control study at a large tertiary care center from 2007 to 2012. Cases of pulmonary edema were age, and gestational age matched to controls at a ratio of 1 case to 4 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of nifedipine and/or MgSO4 on the development of pulmonary edema while controlling for predetermined confounding variables. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate additional risk factors of pulmonary edema.

Results: A total of 150 charts were reviewed (28 cases and 122 controls). Nifedipine did not increase the odds of developing pulmonary edema [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.22 (confidence interval (CI) 0.50, 3.01), P=0.67], whereas exposure to MgSO4, or both MgSO4 and nifedipine, significantly increased the risk of developing pulmonary edema [adjusted OR=3.91 (CI 1.44, 10.65), P=0.008 and adjusted OR=4.75 (CI 1.15, 19.71), P=0.032, respectively]. In the stratified analysis, this association persisted even in nonpreeclamptic women [nifedipine: adjusted OR=0.91 (CI 0.33, 2.52), P=0.852; MgSO4: adjusted OR=3.51 (CI 1.26, 9.76), P=0.016; both: adjusted OR=3.39 (0.76, 15.07), P=0.108]. Other independent risk factors for pulmonary edema were multi-fetal pregnancy, azithromycin, and erythromycin administration.

Conclusion: MgSO4 treatment is strongly associated with the development of pulmonary edema when used either as a tocolytic agent or for seizure prophylaxis. In light of the availability of safer alternatives, MgSO4 should be used for tocolysis only in cases whereby the benefits clearly outweigh the risks.
Optical and electrical mappings of surface plasmon cavity modes
Authors: Ye Fan , Merlo Juan M. , Burns Michael J. , Naughton Michael J.
Published: February 2014

Plasmonics is a rapidly expanding field, founded in physics but now with a growing number of applications in biology (biosensing), nanophotonics, photovoltaics, optical engineering and advanced information technology. Appearing as charge density oscillations along a metal surface, excited by electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), plasmons can propagate as surface plasmon polaritons, or can be confined as standing waves along an appropriately-prepared surface. Here, we review the latter manifestation, both their origins and the manners in which they are detected, the latter dominated by near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM/SNOM). We include discussion of the “plasmonic halo” effect recently observed by the authors, wherein cavity-confined plasmons are able to modulate optical transmission through step-gap nanostructures, yielding a novel form of color (wavelength) selection.
Hydrophobic property of hierarchical polymer surfaces fabricated by precision tooling machine
Authors: Chu Donghui , Nemoto Akihiro , Ito Hiroshi
Published: February 2014

Poly(methylmethacrylate) surfaces were patterned with micropillars and micro-micro hierarchical structures. Patterning was achieved by applying direct fabrication on polymer surfaces. The micro-manufacturing method has many advantages of precise control of dimensions, low cost, and short process time compared to other micro-manufacturing techniques of polymers. Fabricated structures were controlled accurately to <10% of the error range. Patterned micro-micro hierarchical polymer structures indicated a contact angle >130° without additional coatings. Furthermore, fabricated structures show good durability in terms of contamination and mechanical robustness for 2 months.
Fine particles characterization in residential homes located in different microenvironment of India
Authors: Taneja Ajay
Published: February 2014

Aerosol Spectrometer was used for monitoring the indoor and outdoor mass concentration of fine PM2.5, PM1.0, PM0.5 and PM0.25 in homes, located in urban, roadside and rural area of Agra city located in the north central part of India. For chemical characterization samples are collected with medium volume sampler on PTFE filters. The collected filters were extracted in an ultrasonic extractor for the determination of water soluble ions. Concentrations for F–, Cl–, NO3
–, and SO4
2
– were determined by ion chromatography. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba+, and Mg2+ determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The trends of particulate mass concentration indoors were rural>roadside>urban and for outdoors were roadside>rural>urban. PM2.5 concentration in our results exceeded WHO guidelines by 8–10 times for outdoor and by 7–9 times for the indoor environment during the collection period. Water soluble species ranged from 60% to 92% (Avg 72%, SD 13%) for PM2.5 total mass. The total sum of ionic concentrations in PM2.5 follow the same trend as that by mass concentration. The average I/O ratios are found to be higher in PM2.5 particles at rural and roadside sites indicating additional sources indoors at these sites.
Crystallization Behavior of Carbamazepine
Authors: Tröbs Lisa , Nguyen Thi Yen , Rump Doreen , Emmerling Franziska
Published: February 2014

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is known for its variety of anhydrous and hydrous
polymorphs. Herein, a thorough analysis of the crystallization
behavior of CBZ is presented. The influence of the solvent and the
concentration on the crystallization behavior under different
environmental conditions is investigated by combined in situ XRD and
Raman spectroscopy measurements. Crystallization studies conducted
via conventional crystallization in glass tubes and in
levitated droplets using an acoustic levitator indicate a dependence
of the crystallization process from solvent and surface.
Double Cation Formation from the Photo-Fragmentation of the closo-Carboranes
Authors: Liu Jing , Rühl Eckart , Hitchcock Adam P. , McIlroy David N. , Bozek John D. , Tyliszczak Tolek , Knop-Gericke Axel , Boag Neil M. , Dowben Peter A.
Published: February 2014

Time-of-flight mass analysis with multi-stop coincidence detection has
been used to study the multi-cation ionic fragmentation via
fission of three isomeric carborane icosahedral cage compounds
closo-1,2-orthocarborane, closo-1,7-metacarborane,
closo-1,12-paracarborane (C2B10H12) following
inner-shell excitation at or above the B 1s
regime. Photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO)
spectroscopy was used to study the dominant fission routes in the core
level excitation regime. Series of ion pairs are identified, where
asymmetric fission dominates, leading to ion pairs of different
mass. The fragmentation yields and charge separation mass spectra of
all three isomers are generally quite similar in that the ion pairs
(H+, Y+), (Y+, Y11
+), and (Y3
+,
Y9
+) dominate, where Y+ denotes the mass region from
B+ to CH+. Slight differences are observed at the B
1s-threshold, where the H+ and BH2
+/CH+ ion pairs
dominate for ortho- and meta-carborane, while (Y+, Y11
+)
ion pairs dominate the multi-photofragment ion yield of
paracarborane. These similarities and distinct differences in charge
separation are discussed by considering the energetics of these three
major species of ion pairs, as well as charge distributions in
closo-carboranes and charge distributions in the
carborane cage. It is shown that product formation via charge
separation is driven by electronic relaxation, so that the lowest energy products are not
necessarily formed.
InSb Czochralski Growth Single Crystals for InGaSb Substrates
Authors: Flores Mena J. E. , Ojeda R. Castillo , Reyes J. Díaz
Published: February 2014

The massive crystal growth of single crystal semiconductors materials has been of fundamental importance for the actual electronic devices industry. As a consequence of this one, we can obtain easily a large variety of low cost devices almost as made ones of silicon. Nowadays, the III-V semiconductors compounds and their alloys have been proved to be very important because of their optical properties and applications. It is the case of the elements In, Ga, As, Sb, which can be utilized for the fabrication of radiation sensors. In this work we present the results obtained from the ingots grown by the Czochralski method, using a growth system made in home. These results include anisotropic chemical attacks in order to reveal the crystallographic orientation and the possible polycrystallinity. Isotropic chemical attacks were made to evaluate the etch pit density. Metallographic pictures of the chemical attacks are presented in this work. Among the results of these measurements, the best samples presented in this work showed mobilities of 62.000 cm2/V*s at room temperature and 99.000 cm2/V*s at liquid nitrogen temperature. Typical pit density was 10,000/cm2. The Raman spectra present two dominant peaks associated at Transversal Optical (TO)- and Longitudinal Optical (LO)-InSb, the first vibrational mode is dominant due to the crystalline direction of the ingots and second one is associated to high defects density.
Adaptação cultural e propriedades psicométricas iniciais do instrumento DISABKIDS ® – Cystic Fibrosis Module – versão brasileira
Authors: Santos Danielle Maria de Souza Serio dos , Deon Keila Cristiane , Fegadolli Claudia , Reis Roberta Alvarenga , Torres Lidia Alice Gomes Monteiro Marin , Bullinger Monika , Santos Claudia Benedita dos
Published: February 2014

Este estudo objetivou adaptar culturalmente e descrever as propriedades psicométricas iniciais do instrumento de mensuração de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde DISABKIDS® − Cystic Fibrosis Module para crianças e adolescentes e seus pais/cuidadores. Estudo metodológico de desenvolvimento sequencial, incluindo 126 participantes em quatro estados brasileiros. Envolveu tradução e retrotradução dos itens, equivalência conceitual e semântica, validade de face e descrição das propriedades psicométricas iniciais relacionadas ao construto e fidedignidade . Para equivalência semântica da versão adaptada houve ajustes na redação de um item. O instrumento apresentou consistência interna satisfatória com valores de alfa de Cronbach entre 0,70 e 0,85, validade convergente com valores de correlação acima 0,40 em 85% dos itens e validade divergente com valores de ajuste superiores a 75%. A versão brasileira do DISABKIDS® - CFM certamente se constituirá em um instrumento válido e confiável para a mensuração da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com fibrose cística.
Diagnosticos de enfermagem em pacientes classificados nos niveis I e II de prioridade do Protocolo Manchester
Authors: Souza Cristiane Chaves de , Mata Luciana Regina Ferreira da , Carvalho Emilia Campos de , Chianca Tania Couto Machado
Published: February 2014

O estudo objetivou identificar possíveis diagnósticos de enfermagem em pacientes classificados nos níveis I e II de prioridade do protocolo Manchester. Trata-se de estudo descritivo retrospectivo, cuja amostra foi de 40 prontuários de pacientes classificados nos níveis I e II de prioridade. Para identificação dos diagnósticos de enfermagem dois especialistas analisaram sinais e sintomas registrados nos prontuários dos pacientes no momento da classificação de risco. No nível I de prioridade, os diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes foram: dor aguda (65,0%), padrão respiratório ineficaz (45,0%) e troca de gases prejudicada (40,0%). No nível II de prioridade foram: dor aguda (80,0%), náusea (10,0%) e risco de desequilíbrio eletrolítico (10,0%). Percebeu-se que a utilização do protocolo de Manchester favorece a identificação de características definidoras e fatores relacionados/fatores de risco que subsidiam a elaboração de diagnósticos de enfermagem na classificação de risco.
Adaptação transcultural e validação do World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire para enfermeiros brasileiros
Authors: Campos Monica Chiodi-Toscano de , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci , Santos Jair Licio Ferreira
Published: February 2014

Estudo com objetivo de adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ ) e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira para enfermeiros. O processo de adaptação seguiu o Protocolo de Tradução da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os dados para a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas foram coletados em um hospital público e de ensino de Ribeirão Preto em 2011. As propriedades psicométricas analisadas foram: validade de face e conteúdo (grupo de especialistas), confiabilidade pelo Alfa de Cronbach e estabilidade por teste-reteste. Na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, a consistência interna da versão adaptada do HPQ, o alfa de cronbach foi de 0,94 para a seção A e 0,86 para a seção B do instrumento. Na análise das concordâncias da estabilidade teste-reteste, as concordâncias foram positivas e estatisticamente significativas. Dessa forma, a versão adaptada do HPQ mostrou-se válida e confiável na amostra estudada.
Associação entre o apoio social e o perfil de cuidadores familiares de pacientes com incapacidades e dependência
Authors: Yamashita Cintia Hitomi , Amendola Fernanda , Gaspar Jaqueline Correia , Alvarenga Marcia Regina Martins , Oliveira Maria Amelia de Campos
Published: February 2014

Estudo descritivo, transversal, cujo objetivo foi analisar a associação entre as dimensões de apoio social e o perfil de cuidadores familiares de pacientes com dependência. Entrevistaram-se 110 cuidadores, utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, Social Network Index , Medical Outcomes Study e Índice de Barthel. Os testes U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram usados para comparar as dimensões de apoio social e as variáveis qualitativas, e a correlação de Spearman para as variáveis quantitativas. Cuidadores que não sabiam ler nunca haviam estudado apresentaram melhor percepção de apoio social em todas as dimensões, exceto na afetiva. Na dimensão interação positiva, aqueles que possuíam companheiro e negaram sobrecarga apresentaram média superior a dos demais grupos. O número de familiares e amigos apresentou correlação com todas as dimensões de apoio social. Os resultados indicam que a rede social é importante para a percepção de apoio.
Estoy sola: la experiencia de las enfermeras en el cuidado del usuario de alcohol y drogas
Authors: Ortega Lorena Bettancourt , Ventura Carla Arena
Published: February 2014

El propósito de este estudio es comprender cómo es ser enfermera vivenciando el cuidado de pacientes drogodependientes que ingresan al Servicio de Medicina de un hospital público de Chile. Se opta por un estudio de tipo cualitativo, de trayectoria fenomenológica, según el referencial de Martín Heidegger. La pregunta orientadora fue: ¿Cómo es cuidar a pacientes drogodependientes que ingresan en tu servicio? Los discursos de las enfermeras fueron interpretados bajo el referencial de Fenómeno Situado de Joel Martins. Después del análisis de las entrevistas, se identificó 3 temas que expresan el fenómeno: hablando del paciente drogodependiente, cuidando al paciente en un medio adverso, superando el miedo para cuidar. El estudio muestra la necesidad de capacitar al personal de salud en dependencia en alcohol y drogas para superar los preconceptos y mejorar el cuidado de estos pacientes.
A clinica como pratica arborifica e rizomorfica do trabalho em enfermagem cirurgica
Authors: Sousa Lenice Dutra de , Lunardi Filho Wilson Danilo , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Figueiredo Paula Pereira de
Published: February 2014

Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, na forma de um estudo de caso, em uma unidade de internação cirúrgica de um hospital universitário, que objetivou analisar o trabalho do enfermeiro sob a ótica da produção de cuidados em saúde e do exercício da clínica. Os sujeitos do estudo foram seis enfermeiros e foram realizadas observações não participantes, pesquisa documental e entrevistas em profundidade com posterior análise textual discursiva. Verificou-se que o trabalho da enfermagem é organizado segundo duas perspectivas interconectadas e interdependentes: a do modelo clínico, que compõe a estrutura-mestre de sua prática, e uma estrutura composta por elementos múltiplos e heterogêneos. O modelo clínico de assistência organiza-se como uma estrutura centrada que possibilita a resolutividade das necessidades biológicas e atua como base para a conexão de outros saberes e práticas que expandem o fazer do enfermeiro por meio de interligações com o ambiente.
Marxismo como referencial teorico-metodologico em saude coletiva: implicacoes para a revisao sistematica e sintese de evidencias
Authors: Soares Cassia Baldini , Campos Celia Maria Sivalli , Yonekura Tatiana
Published: February 2014

O objeto deste estudo é a incorporação em revisões sistemáticas de resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas na vertente marxista de produção do conhecimento, como evidências em saúde. Os objetivos são: rever os pressupostos do materialismo histórico e dialético (MHD) e discutir as implicações da dialética para a revisão da literatura e síntese de evidências. O MHD constitui um referencial potente para geração de conhecimento e transformação das políticas e práticas em saúde, a partir da explicação de que as contradições sociais estão na base do processo saúde-doença, construção teórica fundamental no campo da saúde coletiva. Atualmente observa-se considerável influência do paradigma crítico, de origem marxista, na construção do conhecimento em saúde. Pesquisas no paradigma crítico apresentam métodos complexos de apreensão do objeto, inerentes às diretrizes da dialética, oferecendo resultados que constituem evidências em saúde. Revisões sistemáticas devem enfrentar a dificuldade metodológica de integrar esses resultados plenamente ao cuidado em saúde.
Eficacia da limpeza ou desinfecao do meato urinario antes da cateterizacao urinaria: revisao sistematica
Authors: Cunha Madalena , Santos Eduardo , Andrade Ana , Jesus Rita , Aguiar Carlos , Marques Filipa , Enes Filipa , Santos Mafalda , Fernandes Raquel , Soares Sara
Published: February 2014

As infeções do trato urinário associadas à cateterização são muito frequentes no contexto comunitário e hospitalar. Existem atualmente várias recomendações para sua prevenção, contudo, quando abordado o soluto a utilizar no meato urinário previamente à algaliação continuam a persistir dúvidas. Assim, este estudo procurou determinar a eficácia da limpeza do meato urinário com água ou soro fisiológico comparativamente à sua assepsia por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise. Para isso foram seguidos os princípios propostos pelo Cochrane Handbook , a análise crítica realizada por dois investigadores e a análise estatística com recurso ao programa STATA 11.1. Podemos concluir que a limpeza ou desinfeção do meato urinário previamente à cateterização vesical não é estatisticamente significativa (OR=1,07, IC 95%=0,68-1,68, p=0,779), existindo alguma evidência de que a utilização de água/soro fisiológico reduz as taxas de ITU.
Governanca em enfermagem: revisao integrativa da literatura
Authors: Santos Jose Luis Guedes dos , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Andrade Selma Regina de , Mello Ana Lucia Schaefer Ferreira de , Lima Suzinara Beatriz Soares de , Pestana Aline Lima
Published: February 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e caracterizar os tipos de governança em enfermagem, destacando seu impacto na prática dos enfermeiros e no cuidado em saúde. Trata-se de revisão integrativa a partir das bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS e na biblioteca eletrônica SciELO, de 2007 a 2011, com os descritores Governança /Governance e Enfermagem/ Nursing, totalizando 25 artigos. Foram identificados três modelos de governança, estudados principalmente nos Estados Unidos e Inglaterra: governança compartilhada, governança clínica e governança pública. Entre os impactos desses modelos, destacam-se: melhoria da qualidade assistencial, maior autonomia profissional dos enfermeiros, melhoria da articulação entre os serviços de saúde e maior satisfação profissional entre enfermeiros. Pontua-se a necessidade da realização de estudos sobre a temática na América Latina, com o intuito de avaliar sua aplicabilidade em diferentes contextos.
Enfermeiro Clinico Especialista: um modelo de pratica avancada de enfermagem em oncologia pediatrica no Brasil
Authors: Dias Carla goncalves , Duarte Adriana Maria , Ibanez Adriane da Silva Santos , Rodrigues Daniela Bonfietti , Barros Daniele Porto , Soares Juliana dos Santos , Perin Juliana Pepe Marinho , Santos Nancy da Silva , Paiva Priscila Mendes , Gutierrez Maria Gaby Rivero de
Published: February 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de implantação do modelo de prática avançada de enfermagem por meio da incorporação do enfermeiro clínico especialista na composição do quadro de enfermagem. As autoras apresentam o conceito desse modelo e descrevem seu processo de implantação em uma instituição de referência no cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com câncer da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Na avaliação das enfermeiras clínicas especialistas, o principal resultado obtido com a adoção do modelo refere-se ao fortalecimento do papel do enfermeiro como profissional de referência para a articulação das diferentes demandas de cuidado à criança, ao adolescente e ao adulto jovem com câncer e sua família. Também destacam a satisfação dos usuários com o estreitamento da relação paciente, família e enfermeira clínica, em todas as etapas do processo de cuidar.
Simplified Method for the Seismic Design of Low-Rise, Shear Wall Base- Isolated Buildings
Authors: Tena-Colunga Arturo
Published: February 2014

A simplified method for the seismic design of low-rise, base-isolated shear wall structures is proposed in
MOC-2012. This simplified method is basically a hybrid method, where the design of the isolation system is a simpler
version for the static method available in US guidelines for the design of base-isolated structures and the design of the superstructure
essentially is an improved version of the simplified method for the seismic design of conventional low-rise
shear wall structures of Mexican seismic codes. The application of this method and its effectiveness to obtain safe designs
is illustrated with a practical example. It is anticipated this simple methodology would help promote the use of base isolation
in low-rise shear wall structures and reduce their vulnerability when subjected to strong earthquakes.
Sto godina Juznoslovenskog filologa
Authors: Piper Predrag
Published: February 2014

nema
Sto let dialektologii na stranicah "Juznoslavjanskogo filologa"
Authors: Remetic Slobodan
Published: February 2014

V rabote govoritsja o nepreryvnosti tradicii dialektologii v zurnale
?Juznoslavjanskij filolog? s dnja ego osnovanija do nastojascego vremeni. Na
stranicah avtoritetnogo izdanija predstavleny raboty razlicnogo profilja: ot
fundamenatl'nyh opisanij otdel'nyh tipov govorov do informacii o napecatannyh
v strane i za rubezom dialektologiceskih monografij i diskussij. Sredi
issledovanij, opublikovannyh na stranicah ?Juznoslavjanskogo filologa?,
preobladajut raboty, posvjascennye problematike stokavskogo dialektnogo
kompleksa, odnako pri ltom pecatalis' i mnogie raboty, posvjascennye
obsuzdeniju voprosov cakavskogo i kajkavskogo narecij. V ?Juznoslavjanskom
filologe? svoi trudy opublikovali nasi vidnye dialektologi: A. Belic, M.
Resetar, J. Vukovic, P. Ivic, M. Pesikan, D. Petrovic i dr.
Verbal grammar in the Russian explanatory dictionary
Authors: Apresjan Jurij
Published: February 2014

The subject of the present paper are interactions of the lexical senses of
Russian verbs (a) with the grammatical forms of aspect, tense, voice, mood
and the like and (b) with the meanings of certain grammemes (such as IMPERF)
in cases of their polysemy. An instance of the latter are constraints imposed
by the given lexical sense of a verb on the possibility of its use in certain
aspectual meanings (progressive, praesens historicum and the like). The focal
point of the paper are non-trivial, i.e. lexicalized interactions. Dictionary
is the only place where such interactions can be described exhaustively, yet
they are completely ignored in most authoritative explanatory dictionaries of
Russian. All such interactions are broken into two large groups ?
paradigmatic (like the ones pointed out in (a) and (b)) and syntagmatic. In
the latter group aspect turns out to be the most active grammatical category
capable of multifarious interactions with a number of syntactic phenomena,
especially with various syntactic forms of implementing the verb?s semantic
actants, and also with such contextual factors as modality, negation, and
parenthesis.
Application of lexical information in grammar: On the data of Czech verbs
Authors: Panevova Jarmila
Published: February 2014

The interplay between lexical information and the rules of grammar is
demonstrated by selected morphological and syntactic phenomena from the
domain of Czech verbs. The application of some grammatical rules is based on
the data stored in the lexicon. The information about valency is a
substantial part of a lexical entry and it contains a great deal of
supplementary information about this item. Systemic surface omissions of the
obligatory valency positions are indicated in the valency frame in the
lexicon (Sect. 2). Conditions for the choice of the formal expressions of the
valency members (e.g. conjunctions in content clauses, infinitive forms of
participants) depend on the features given in the corresponding lexical item
of their governing verb as well (Sect. 3 and 6). Two types of semantic
conversions are demonstrated in Section 4 with regard to the distinctions in
their valency frames. The relation of reciprocity is understood here as a
syntactic diathesis (Sect. 5). The introduction of the new types of
grammatical diatheses is discussed in Sect. 7: The morphologhy and syntax of
resultative, recipient and dispositional diatheses are described here
together with the requirements of the grammatical component regarding the
shape of lexical items of the verbs participating in these diathesis (Section
8).
Between grammar and dictionary: With special reference to Slovene verb
Authors: Zele Andreja
Published: February 2014

Slovene resources confirm that verbal aspect and aspectualness depend on the
morphological, lexical, syntactic, and other characteristics of a particular
language. Since verbal aspect is directly connected to the meaning of a
particular verb, as well as its structural and semantic-syntactic abilities,
it is considered to be an essential characteristic in terms of the language
system of every language. The specific features of aspectualness, especially
if we take into account its connectedness to a given language system, are
confirmed by various contrastive studies, which also place considerable
emphasis on a number of general aspectual characteristics that can be applied
to all languages. Within every language system, for example, the grammatical
(morphological), lexical, and syntactic aspectualness are distinguished from
one another, whereas in the case of a particular text, the relationship
between aspect, time, and mood cannot be overlooked. What remains central in
both current and future discussions is establishing the relationship between
aspectualness and temporality within a particular language or languages.
Cases of ?aspectual competitiveness?, related to the temporal structure of a
given sentence, have been noted in Slovene as well, especially in examples
like Sem ze vecerjal - Sem ze povecerjal (?I already had dinner - I already
finished my dinner?), Vedno smo k obstojecemu doprinesli tudi nekaj novega -
Vedno smo k obstojecemu doprinasali tudi nekaj novega (?We always contributed
something new to the existing condition - We always used to contribute
something new to the existing condition?), etc. That the behavior of the
imperfect may vary in the past and future is shown by examples like
Temperatura se je dvigovala ?visala, padala in spet visala? (The temperature
kept rising ?rising, falling, and rising again?), Temperatura se bo dvigovala
?vedno samo navzgor, brez nihanja? (The temperature will keep on rising ?it
will rise without falling?). It is also important how a particular dictionary
presents verbal valency as a developmental category. The most common is the
change from monovalent verbs to bivalent or governed verbs. When considering
the valency of non-deverbal nouns and adjectives, it must be noted that
especially in the case of nondeverbal adjectives, valency is the consequence
of the dynamic meaning of semantically similar verbs, which can replace
non-deverbal adjectives in a particular sentence.
Certain microsyntactic constructions in Russian which include the word cto as a constituent element
Authors: Iomdin L.L.
Published: February 2014

The paper reports a study of several Russian syntactic idioms in which one of
the lexical units is cto (a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun):
The study is focused on syntactic and combinatorial properties of these
linguistic entities and their meaning. The issues of adequate treatment of
these entities in natural language processing tasks are discussed. The main
difficulty here is reliable identification of these entities which could
distinguish them from cases where the constituent elements of the idioms
appear in the text independently of one another. A case study of one
polysemantic syntactic idioms is presented - tol?ko cto ?just; only? in
contradistinction to the polyseomous particle tol?ko ?just?.
O pragmaticeskoj nagruzke grammaticeskih edinic - na materiale morfologiceskih kategorij Bolgarskogo jazyka
Authors: Norman Boris
Published: February 2014

V stat'e issleduetsja ispol'zovanie grammaticeskih form (reprezentantov
morfologiceskih kategorij) dlja vyrazenija dopolnitel'nyh znacenij - takih,
kak simpatija, ironija, somnenie, nedoverie, voshiscenie, vozmuscenie i
t.p. Vse oni sostavljajut sferu jazykovoj pragmatiki. V kacestve ob''ekta
dlja nabljudenij vybrana grammaticeskaja sistema sovremennogo bolgarskogo
jazyka. Privodjatsja primery pragmaticeski obuslovlennogo upotreblenija form
vokativa, mnozestvennogo cisla, ostatkov padezej, razlicnyh glagol'nyh
vremen i naklonenij. Delaetsja vyvod, cto vse, cto v grammatike
variativno, ne nejtral'no, stilisticeski okraseno, imeet osobuju
obuslovlennost' licnostjami govorjascego i slusajuscego, a takze vse, cto
redko, - vse sostavljaet potencial'nuju sferu pragmatiki.
Fragments of the Slovenian linguistic picture of Serbia from the last decades of the XIXth century
Authors: Ivanova Najda
Published: February 2014

In recent article the role of the popular science book Bolgarija in Srbija
(1897), written by the Slovenian stenographer, journalist, translator,
pedagogist and writer Anton Bezensek (1854-1915), for the formation of
Slovenian stereotypical attitudes towards Serbia in the last decades of the
XXth century is examined. We analyze the principles of selection as well as
the mechanisms of using elements, belonging to both the language of obesrving
culture and the language of the observed one, for verbalizing the image of
the Other, which are related to the sociocultural discourse, the individual
and ideological orientation of the author, and last but not least, to the
tematic and genre-and-stylistic features of the text itself. In this context,
the necessity of systematic introduction of linguistic methods for exploring
the imagological categories and their implementation in different types of
text is emphasized.