bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Temporal Cues in Voluntary Stream Segregation for Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Paredes-Gallardo Andreu , Madsen Sara M. K. , Dau Torsten , Marozeau Jeremy
Published: May 2018

The role of temporal cues in sequential stream segregation was investigated in cochlear implant (CI) listeners using a delay detection task composed of a sequence of bursts of pulses (B) on a single electrode interleaved with a second sequence (A) presented on the same electrode with a different pulse rate. In half of the trials, a delay was added to the last burst of the otherwise regular B sequence and the listeners were asked to detect this delay. As a jitter was added to the period between consecutive A bursts, time judgments between the A and B sequences provided an unreliable cue to perform the task. Thus, the segregation of the A and B sequences should improve performance. The pulse rate difference and the duration of the sequences were varied between trials. The performance in the detection task improved by increasing both the pulse rate differences and the sequence duration. This suggests that CI listeners can use pulse rate differences to segregate sequential sounds and that a segregated percept builds up over time. In addition, the contribution of place versus temporal cues for voluntary stream segregation was assessed by combining the results from this study with those from our previous study, where the same paradigm was used to determine the role of place cues on stream segregation. Pitch height differences between the A and the B sounds accounted for the results from both studies, suggesting that stream segregation is related to the salience of the perceptual difference between the sounds.
To B or not to B? The Journey of “Coding Autism” Toward the B Corp Certification
Authors: Ballesteros-Sola Maria , Stickney Morgan , Trejo Yvette
Published: May 2018

This case is based on Coding Autism, a limited liability company founded in April 2017 and located in Westlake Village (California). The case features the decision process followed by the cofounder, Oliver Thornton regarding the opportunity to seek B Corp certification. B Corp is a certification granted by the nonprofit B Lab founded in Philadelphia in 2006 that recognizes for-profit organizations for meeting the “highest standards of verified social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability and aspire to use the power of markets to solve social and environmental problems.” The case describes the social issue, the start-up, and the social entrepreneur’s background as well as his rationale and analysis finally to become a certified B Corp. The case introduces the students to the social issue of unemployment among young adults within the Autistic spectrum. It also explains what a B Corp is, the process to become certified, the B Impact Assessment, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of seeking the certification. It also describes the differences between the B Corp certification and the relatively new legal status, the benefit corporation. This case sheds light on a critical question relevant for social entrepreneurship students, scholars, and sustainable business practitioners.
Bim regulates the survival and suppressive capability of CD8+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells during murine GVHD
Authors: Agle Kimberle , Vincent Benjamin G. , Piper Clint , Belle Ludovic , Zhou Vivian , Shlomchik Warren , Serody Jonathan S. , Drobyski William R.
Published: May 2018

Key Points

CD8+ Tregs possess a proapoptotic phenotype when compared with CD4+ Tregs, which is characterized by an inversion of the Bim/Mcl-1 ratio. Absence of Bim in adoptively transferred CD8+ Tregs results in augmented in vivo survival and superior protection from GVHD.
A gene signature that distinguishes conventional and leukemic nonnodal mantle cell lymphoma helps predict outcome
Authors: Clot Guillem , Jares Pedro , Giné Eva , Navarro Alba , Royo Cristina , Pinyol Magda , Martín-Garcia David , Demajo Santiago , Espinet Blanca , Salar Antonio , Ferrer Ana , Muntañola Ana , Aymerich Marta , Rauert-Wunderlich Hilka , Jaffe Elaine S. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Delabie Jan , López-Guillermo Armando , Ott German , Wright George W. , Staudt Louis M. , Rosenwald Andreas , Scott David W. , Rimsza Lisa M. , Beà Sílvia , Campo Elías
Published: May 2018

Key Points

A new molecular assay identifies conventional and leukemic nonnodal MCL with differing clinicobiological features. The integration of the novel assay with genetic alterations identifies subsets of MCL patients with different management and outcome.
Pulmonary function tests as outcomes for systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease
Authors: Caron Melissa , Hoa Sabrina , Hudson Marie , Schwartzman Kevin , Steele Russell
Published: May 2018

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We performed a systematic review to characterise the use and validation of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) as surrogate markers for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) progression.

Five electronic databases were searched to identify all relevant studies. Included studies either used at least one PFT measure as a longitudinal outcome for SSc-ILD progression (i.e.outcome studies) and/or reported at least one classical measure of validity for the PFTs in SSc-ILD (i.e.validation studies).

This systematic review included 169 outcome studies and 50 validation studies. Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was cumulatively the most commonly used outcome until 2010 when it was surpassed by forced vital capacity (FVC). FVC (% predicted) was the primary endpoint in 70.4% of studies, compared to 11.3% for % predictedDLCO. Only five studies specifically aimed to validate the PFTs: two concluded thatDLCOwas the best measure of SSc-ILD extent, while the others did not favour any PFT. These studies also showed respectable validity measures for total lung capacity (TLC).

Despite the current preference for FVC, available evidence suggests thatDLCOand TLC should not yet be discounted as potential surrogate markers for SSc-ILD progression.
How long is enough? Identification of product dry-time as a primary driver of alcohol-based hand rub efficacy
Authors: Suchomel Miranda , Leslie Rachel A. , Parker Albert E. , Macinga David R.
Published: May 2018

Background

The World Health Organization has called for the development of improved methodologies to evaluate alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) efficacy, including evaluation at “short application times and volumes that reflect actual use in healthcare facilities”. The objective of this study was to investigate variables influencing ABHR efficacy, under test conditions reflective of clinical use.

Methods

The test product (60% V/V 2-propanol) was evaluated according to a modified EN 1500 methodology, where application volumes of 1 mL, 2 mL, and 3 mL were rubbed until dry. Statistical analyses were performed to investigate the relative influences of product volume, hand size, and product dry-time on efficacy, and hand size and hand contamination on product dry-time.

Results

Mean log10 reduction factors (SD) were 1.99 (0.66), 2.96 (0.84) and 3.28 (0.96); and mean dry-times (SD) were 24 s (7 s), 50 s (14 s), and 67 s (20 s) at application volumes of 1 mL, 2 mL, and 3 mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.030). When data were examined at the individual volunteer level, there was a statistically significant correlation between dry-time and log reduction factor (p < 0.0001), independent of application volume. There was also a statistically significant correlation between hand surface area and dry-times (p = 0.047), but no correlation between hand surface area and efficacy (p = 0.698).

Conclusions

When keeping other variables such as alcohol type and concentration constant, product dry-time appears to be the primary driver of ABHR efficacy suggesting that dosing should be customized to each individual and focus on achieving a product dry-time delivering adequate efficacy.
Consumer responses to company disclosure of socially responsible efforts
Authors: Lee Hyun-Hwa , Lee Minsun , Ma Yoon Jin
Published: May 2018

Since the California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (CTSCA) was enacted, many large apparel retailers are required to post a corporate social responsibility statement on their website regarding their practices. The present study applies the CTSCA to the shopping context for evaluating consumer responses. A factorial experimental study using a scenario method was designed to explore the aims of this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two scenarios regarding either an apparel company’s website being compliant with the CTSCA, or an apparel company not have a disclosure on its website and therefore in violation of the CTSCA. A total of 716 responses were used in data analysis. The results show that there were significant effects of the presence of CTSCA on retailers’ website on consumer responses, after controlling consumer characteristics of socially responsible consumption behavior. That is, respondents in the study perceived that presenting the public statement in compliance with the CTSCA on a company’s website was more persuasive in decision making, promoted trust and enhanced usage and purchase intentions. The findings of the study suggest academic and marketing implications.
Treatment-resistant depression and peripheral C-reactive protein
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R. , Cavanagh Jonathan , de Boer Peter , Mondelli Valeria , Jones Declan N.C. , Drevets Wayne C. , Cowen Philip J. , Harrison Neil A. , Pointon Linda , Pariante Carmine M. , Bullmore Edward T.
Published: May 2018

Background

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a candidate biomarker for major depressive disorder (MDD), but it is unclear how peripheral CRP levels relate to the heterogeneous clinical phenotypes of the disorder.

Aim

To explore CRP in MDD and its phenotypic associations.

Method

We recruited 102 treatment-resistant patients with MDD currently experiencing depression, 48 treatment-responsive patients with MDD not currently experiencing depression, 48 patients with depression who were not receiving medication and 54 healthy volunteers. High-sensitivity CRP in peripheral venous blood, body mass index (BMI) and questionnaire assessments of depression, anxiety and childhood trauma were measured. Group differences in CRP were estimated, and partial least squares (PLS) analysis explored the relationships between CRP and specific clinical phenotypes.

Results

Compared with healthy volunteers, BMI-corrected CRP was significantly elevated in the treatment-resistant group (P = 0.007; Cohen's d = 0.47); but not significantly so in the treatment-responsive (d = 0.29) and untreated (d = 0.18) groups. PLS yielded an optimal two-factor solution that accounted for 34.7% of variation in clinical measures and for 36.0% of variation in CRP. Clinical phenotypes most strongly associated with CRP and heavily weighted on the first PLS component were vegetative depressive symptoms, BMI, state anxiety and feeling unloved as a child or wishing for a different childhood.

Conclusions

CRP was elevated in patients with MDD, and more so in treatment-resistant patients. Other phenotypes associated with elevated CRP included childhood adversity and specific depressive and anxious symptoms. We suggest that patients with MDD stratified for proinflammatory biomarkers, like CRP, have a distinctive clinical profile that might be responsive to second-line treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.

Declaration of interest

S.R.C. consults for Cambridge Cognition and Shire; and his input in this project was funded by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship (110049/Z/15/Z). E.T.B. is employed half time by the University of Cambridge and half time by GlaxoSmithKline; he holds stock in GlaxoSmithKline. In the past 3 years, P.J.C. has served on an advisory board for Lundbeck. N.A.H. consults for GlaxoSmithKline. P.d.B., D.N.C.J. and W.C.D. are employees of Janssen Research & Development, LLC., of Johnson & Johnson, and hold stock in Johnson & Johnson. The other authors report no financial disclosures or potential conflicts of interest.
Final Overall Survival Analysis From a Study Comparing First-Line Crizotinib Versus Chemotherapy in ALK-Mutation-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Solomon Benjamin J. , Kim Dong-Wan , Wu Yi-Long , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Mekhail Tarek , Felip Enriqueta , Cappuzzo Federico , Paolini Jolanda , Usari Tiziana , Tang Yiyun , Wilner Keith D. , Blackhall Fiona , Mok Tony S.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The phase III PROFILE 1014 trial compared crizotinib with chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) –positive advanced nonsquamous non–small-cell lung cancer. Here, we report the final overall survival (OS) results.

Patients and Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral crizotinib 250 mg twice daily (n = 172) or intravenous pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or carboplatin (area under the concentration–time curve of 5 to 6 mg·mL/min) every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles (n = 171). Crossover to crizotinib was permitted after disease progression. OS was analyzed using a stratified log-rank test and a prespecified rank-preserving structural failure time model to account for crossover.

Results

Median follow-up duration for OS was approximately 46 months for both arms. In the chemotherapy arm, 144 patients (84.2%) received crizotinib in subsequent lines. Hazard ratio for OS was 0.760 (95% CI, 0.548 to 1.053; two-sided P = .0978). Median OS was not reached (NR) with crizotinib (95% CI, 45.8 months to NR) and 47.5 months with chemotherapy (95% CI, 32.2 months to NR). Survival probability at 4 years was 56.6% (95% CI, 48.3% to 64.1%) with crizotinib and 49.1% (95% CI, 40.5% to 57.1%) with chemotherapy. After crossover adjustment, there was an improvement in OS that favored crizotinib (hazard ratio, 0.346; 95% bootstrap CI, 0.081 to 0.718). The longest OS was observed in crizotinib-treated patients who received a subsequent ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor. No new safety signals were identified.

Conclusion

The final analysis of the PROFILE 1014 study provides a new benchmark for OS in patients with ALK-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer and highlights the benefit of crizotinib for prolonging survival in this patient population.
Cyberbullying among College Students: A Look at Its Prevalence at a U.S. Catholic University
Authors: Webber May A. , Ovedovitz Albert C.
Published: May 2018

The intention of this study was to make a positive contribution to the scant literature on cyberbullying at the post-secondary level. Participants were 187 undergraduate students matriculated at a large U.S. Northeastern metropolitan Roman Catholic university. The focus of the study was on the prevalence of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration at the university. Eight students (4.3%) indicated that they were victims of cyberbullying at the university level; a total of 14 (7.5%) students acknowledged having participated in bullying at that level. A significant finding had to do with the comfort level of students in reporting cyberbullying. A comparison of the results of our study to those of the only other study of cyberbullying conducted at an institution of higher learning with the same religious affiliation revealed similar results.
Accepting Research: Teachers' Representations of Participation in Educational Research Projects
Authors: Richard Vincent , Bélanger Michel
Published: May 2018

Collecting data among participants belonging to a group, community or organization is a crucial step in social research. However, generally speaking, in the social sciences, the issue of access to the research field has not been widely or systematically studied and remains under-theorized. The goal of this study is to draw the participants’ perspective on the question of accepting research into their classrooms and participating in it, an object that has usually been overlooked in studies on research field access. This article presents the results of a qualitative, exploratory study aimed at documenting teachers’ representations relating to whether or not they wish to participate in research projects, when requested to do so by researchers. The analysis brought out a system comprising five categories of representations relating to participation or non-participation in an educational research project. These representations are related to 1) the teacher’s daily tasks; 2) the teacher's professional development; 3) the teacher's professional identity and professional ideal; 4) the institutional and collegial context; and 5) the teacher's responsibility toward students. We discuss these categories and their implications for further research. 
Assessment of Socialization and Sports-Socialization Processes of University Students Studying in Different Sports Branches
Authors: Albayrak Ahmet Yilmaz , Bayrakdaroglu Yesim
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this research is to assess the sports and socialization of the students studying in different sports branches in Gumushane University. “Socialization- Sports and Socialization Scale” developed by Sahan was used in this research. A total of 742 students composed of 316 females and 426 males studying in Gumushane University participated in this survey modelled research. Data obtained were evaluated in SPSS package program. Reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.896. T-Test, Kruskall Wallis and Anova were used in statistical assessment of data. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis was used to determine whether there was a significant relation between socialization and sports-socialization scores and the causal relations between two variables were tested with simple linear regression analysis. The study was analyzed in terms of certain variables and it was concluded that the variables of gender, age, place of residence and type of sports done by the participants didn’t make a difference on sports-socialization and socialization scores. It is also observed that there is a positive and significant relation between the variables of socialization and sports-socialization (r= .624, p<.01). In other words, it can be stated that the higher the socialization scores of the participants are, the higher their sports-socialization scores become, accordingly.  
Relaciones entre la filosofía de Hume y la ética de la ley natural
Authors: Arancibia C. Fernando
Published: May 2018

La filosofía de D. Hume ha sido tradicionalmente vinculada con el positivismo y con el subjetivismo moral. Si bien es innegable su explicita influencia en estas escuelas de pensamiento, ello no obsta a la existencia efectiva de relaciones de armonía entre propuestas tradicionalmente opuestas a la filosofía humeana. En el presente trabajo se presentarán sus convergencias con la ética de la ley natural, particularmente la desarrollada por la llamada New Natural LawTheory. Se argumentará el vínculo a partir de (a) la importancia de la vida común, (b) de la experiencia y (c) del rol de la filosofía en el comportamiento humano.
De vuelta al fin de la historia. Una interpretación ética de la condición posthistórica en Alexandre Kojève
Authors: Farrés Juste Oriol
Published: May 2018

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar e interpretar la teoría del fin de la historia en Alexandre Kojève. El contexto de esta investigación se basa fundamentalmente en la nota a pie de la página añadida por Kojève en la segunda edición (1968) de su libro Introduction à la lecture de Hegel. Esta nota a pie de página ha dado lugar a intensos debates e interrogantes filosóficos importantes. En ella, se toma como paradigma el esnobismo japonés como alternativa a la animalización definitiva del hombre posthistórico. En el trabajo, concretamente, se valorará la rectificación kojeviana sobre el fin de la historia a la luz de la obra de Kojève en su conjunto, sus debates con autores de su tiempo y las referencias a la tradición filosófica. Todo ello con la finalidad de desentrañar las implicaciones éticas de la supervivencia de lo humano en el fin de la historia y su relación con los planteamientos postmetafísicos contemporáneos.
The Design of ACE (Aluminum Corrosion and Electrolysis) Reactor and Its Performance to Produce Hydrogen from Beverage Cans
Authors: Zikri Ahmad , . Erlinawati , Trisnaliani Lety , Wulandari Daya
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe reaction of aluminum (Al) with an alkaline solution in producing hydrogen gas has been known for a long time. This aluminum corrosion reaction has a major obstacle in the passivation phenomenon, a formation of aluminum oxide coating on the metal surface that prevents aluminum from collapsing. Integration of electric current to the potassium hydroxide solution could result in electrolysis of water which increases the production of hydrogen. This process was carried out continuously in an ACE (aluminum corrosion and electrolysis) reactor of water. This reactor design enabled to produce hydrogen and oxygen in separating chamber. The use of 10 g of cans, 0.02 M gallium, 12 VDC, and 0.8 M KOH obtained the maximum production rate of hydrogen 162.58 ml/s with a purity of 79.83%. Keywords: aluminum corrosion; hydrogen; water electrolysis
Encapsulation Rutin with Chitosan-NATPP Using Coaservation Method
Authors: Cahyono Bambang , Suzery Meiny , Hadiyanto H , Bela Pratiwi Sestri
Published: May 2018

Abstract This study aims to make microparticles of rutin compounds at various concentrations with NaTPP-chitosan as matrix. Encapsulation is done by coaservation method. The success of encapsulation was identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis, the efficiency of encapsulation (EE) and loading capacity (LC) was obtained at 62,43-94,36 and 1,73% -32,1%, at rutine concentration 0,625-11,25 mM. The success of rutin encapsulation is demonstrated by the rutin characteristics of the product seen with the presence of peaks of aromatic rings, indicating the presence of rutin compounds contained in the chitosan matrix. SEM analysis shows rough and porous surface morphology in microcapsules. The rutin release profile of the microcapsules is described as two phase processes, burst release at the initial discharge in the first 30 min followed by slow release. At the highest LC (11.25 mM concentration), it provides greater discharge rates for both synthetic fluid simulations 77.53 ± 3.59% and 78.76 ± 4.00% after 3h of discharge. The controlled release data showed high discharge rates at acidic pH than alkaline pH. Keywords: Rutin, encapsulation, citosan, coaservation
Tourists’ perceived value of wildlife tourism product at Lake Nakuru National Park, Kenya
Authors: Ariya George , Sitati Noah , Wishitemi Bob
Published: May 2018

Although literature has documented many destination attributes that determine attractiveness of tourism destination, the magnitude and strength of each attribute has not been explored, especially in relation to a single wildlife tourism product. This study provides an insight into the level of tourists’ perceived value on wildlife resource attributes at Lake Nakuru National Park in Kenya, with a further comparison between the international and domestic tourists. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and collected primary data using self-administered structured questionnaires. A total of 402 respondents duly completed the questionnaires, which were disseminated through simple random sampling. Data was analysed descriptively and through independent sample T-test. The results showed that unique wildlife attractions were most valued by tourists (M = 2.26, SD = 0.99), followed by the variety of attractions (M = 2.53, SD = 1.08) and their abundance (M = 2.59, SD = 1.19) respectively. Majority of international tourists highly valued the attributes [M = 2.30, SD = 0.88; t(400) = 4.18, p < 0.001] as compared to the domestic tourists (M = 2.67, SD = 0.88), but with a small magnitude (η = 0.04). The study provides an insight that tourists value the park because of its uniqueness due to a variety of wildlife attractions. As park ecological challenges persist, park managers may re-brand the park by creating more emphasis on other key wildlife products like rhinos in order to maintain visitor value and satisfaction in the future.
Agreement with locatives in Kinyarwanda: a comparative analysis
Authors: Zeller Jochen , Ngoboka J. Paul
Published: May 2018

In Bantu languages such as Chichewa or Herero, locatives can function as subjects and show noun class agreement (in class 16, 17 or 18) with predicates and modifiers. In contrast, (preverbal) locatives in Sotho-Tswana and Nguni have been analysed as prepositional adjuncts, which cannot agree. Our paper compares locatives in Kinyarwanda (JD61) with locatives in these other Bantu languages and demonstrates that the Kinyarwanda locative system is essentially of the Chichewa/Herero type. We show that Kinyarwanda locatives are nominal in nature, can act as subjects, and agree with predicates and modifiers. However, even though Kinyarwanda has four locative noun classes (16, 17, 18 and 25), there is only one locative agreement marker (class 16ha-), which indiscriminately appears with all locatives, regardless of their noun class. We explain this fact by arguing that noun class features in Kinyarwanda do not participate in locative agreement; instead, the invariant class 16 marker expresses agreement with a generic feature [location] associated with all locatives. We offer a syntactic analysis of this peculiar aspect of Kinyarwanda locative agreement, and we propose a parameter that accounts for the relevant difference between Kinyarwanda and Chichewa/Herero-type Bantu languages.
War Elephants and Early Tanks: A Transepochal Comparison of Ancient and Modern Warfare
Authors: Searle Alaric
Published: May 2018

Although scholars have in the past dismissed the claim that war elephants were the »tanks of the ancient world«, a closer examination of the similarities between the two weapons reveals some remarkable parallels. In fact, a comparison shows that many of the counter-measures in anti-elephant warfare in antiquity had parallels in anti-tank warfare in the Great War. More importantly, the upward spiral of increased weapon power, followed by defensive countermeasures, then an increase in the protective armour added to the »weapons system«, is a process which can be observed in the evolution of both war elephants and early tanks. The comparison raises questions about the dominant narrative in the history of the tank, largely instigated by J. F. C. Fuller, namely, that its invention represented a revolution in the history of warfare since it spelled the transition from animal and human muscular power to machine power. This article seeks to explain why Fuller always avoided drawing comparisons between war elephants and tanks; and, it argues that specific types of military phenomena can be identified which recur in different historical epochs.
The crystal structure of acridin-10-ium2-carboxybenzoate, C21H15NO4
Authors: Fennig Kornelia , Sikorski Artur
Published: May 2018

C21H15NO4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.2223(3) Å, b = 9.1850(4) Å, c = 25.2304(10) Å, β = 92.604(3)°, V = 1671.97(11) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0498, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1205, T = 295(2) K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 5-formyl-3,4-dimethylpyrrole-2-carboxylate–1-(propan-2-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide (1/1), C14H22N4O3S
Authors: Wang Wan-Wan , Zong Hai-Tao , Wu Wei-Na
Published: May 2018

C13H17N3OS, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 6.9906(9) Å, b = 8.0075(11) Å, c = 16.057(2) Å, α = 81.822(2)°, β = 89.151(2)°, γ = 70.735(2)°, V = 839.4(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0444, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1299, T = 296(2) K.
Evaluation of Safety and Successfulness of the Coil Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Lukic Snezana , Mijailovic Milan , Kovacevic Vojin , Opancina Valentina
Published: May 2018

Intracranial aneurisms are ongoing problem for neurosurgeons and especially for interventional neuroradiologists due to its morbidity and mortality. The method of choice for treatment of the unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms is endovascular coiling on account of its minimal invasiveness and high effectiveness. The aim of our study was to evaluate the safety and successfulness of endovascular coiling procedure in unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Our study was designed as case series and consisted of patients older than 18 years, who underwent endovascular coiling of unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms and follow-up examination 6 months after the interventional procedure. The procedures were performed from December 2010 to December 2016, by experienced interventional neuroradilogists (more than 400 performed embolizations each) at the Department for Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinical Center Kragujevac, Serbia.

There were 681 patients (average age 47.5 ± 11.2 years) treated with endovascular coiling, out of them 324 (234 females, 90 males) had unruptured intracranial aneurysm and 357 (138 females, 219 males) had ruptured intracranial aneurysm. In our series, total complication rate was 11.71 %. Analysis of the results after first endovascular procedure has shown that complete aneurysm occlusion was accomplished in 546 patients (80.3%), near-complete in 81 patients (11.8%), and incomplete in 54 patients (7.9 %).

Our results were satisfying regarding the procedure’s success, safety, outcomes and study material. However, further technical development of the materials and constant training of the interventional radiologists, are a necessity in order to improve treatment outcomes and patients’ benefit.
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from four Asteraceae plants grown in Egypt
Authors: Bandeira Reidel Rose Vanessa , Nardoni Simona , Mancianti Francesca , Anedda Claudia , El Gendy Abd El-Nasser G. , Omer Elsayed A. , Pistelli Luisa
Published: May 2018

The objective of the present paper was the assessment of the chemical composition of the essential oils from four Asteraceae species with a considerable food, medicinal, and agricultural value, collected in Egypt, together with their in vitro inhibitory activity against molds and yeasts. The essential oil of Launaea cornuta flowers was also evaluated for the first time, but because of its very low yield (<0.01%), no antifungal test was performed.
Effect of yeast extract addition to a mineral salts medium containing hydrolyzed plant xylan on fungal pullulan production
Authors: Kennedy II Daniel E. , West Thomas P.
Published: May 2018

The ability of the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 to produce pullulan from yeast extract-supplemented xylan hydrolysates of the prairie grass prairie cordgrass was examined relative to polysaccharide and cell biomass production, yield, and pullulan content of the polysaccharide. A pullulan concentration of 11.2 g L−1 and yield of 0.79 g g−1 was produced by ATCC 42023 when grown for 168 h at 30°C on the phosphate-buffered hydrolysate supplemented with yeast extract. The highest biomass level being 8.8 g L−1 was produced by ATCC 42023 after 168 h on a yeast extract-supplemented, hydrolysate-containing complete medium lacking sodium chloride. The highest pullulan content of the polysaccharide produced by ATCC 42023 after 168 h on the hydrolysate medium supplemented with yeast extract and ammonium sulfate was 70%. The findings indicate that a polysaccharide with a high pullulan content can be produced at a relatively high yield by the fungus grown on a yeast extract-supplemented xylan hydrolysate, suggesting that pullulan could be produced using a biomass-based process.
“Termites in the Temple”: Fundamentalism and Anti-Liberal Politics in the Post–World War II South
Authors: Fones-Wolf Elizabeth , Fones-Wolf Ken
Published: May 2018

From 1946 to 1950, East Tennessee was embroiled in a bitter campaign over the radio preacher and evangelist, J. Harold Smith. More than a curiosity, this confrontation helps us understand a much broader struggle that cut deeply through American society in the post-World War II era. It was a conflict that grew out of a conservative political effort to roll back the New Deal, the union-led regime of collective bargaining, and the tide of modernist religion. These issues overlapped with concerns about African-American equality and the Soviet Union’s threat to the nation’s security. Although recent scholarship has revealed the symbiotic relationship between postwar evangelicalism and free-enterprise ideology, we know little about how and why that message resonated for many middling and working-class individuals. Fortunately, supporters of Smith’s radio program wrote thousands of letters that illuminate what normally anonymous people were thinking about God, society, and politics in the postwar years.

In this paper, we use the events in Knoxville as a window into the broader contest over religion and politics in postwar America. Smith’s struggle in Knoxville occurred during an especially tumultuous time in the South. As such, it reveals one regional context for the unsettling political changes and religious conflicts that were occurring nationally. Finally, a study of the responses of Smith’s supporters affords a rare opportunity to analyze one base of postwar fundamentalism and what drew them to the politics and theology of men like J. Harold Smith.
Photography and the Western Worker
Authors: Macfarlane Ellen
Published: May 2018

This essay argues that the Western Worker, a West Coast newspaper published by the Communist Party U.S.A., and social-justice photographers employed photographic strategies during the 1930s farm labor conflicts that both influenced uses of photography in mainstream newspapers, and shifted public sympathies to the side of embattled food workers.
Recycling the Glory of Byzantium
Authors: Tchekhanovets Yana
Published: May 2018

The article is dedicated to one of the less studied aspects of the Byzantine–Early Islamic period transition: the recycling of valuable materials—marble and bronze—as reflected in the archaeological findings discovered during the salvage excavations at the Givati Parking Lot site in Jerusalem. In the course of the work, a portion of one of the major streets of Byzantine Jerusalem was exposed, which once served as an important pilgrimage route of the city. During the Umayyad period the street was severely damaged, and the entire area was turned into an industrial zone. Of special interest are the raw materials used in the industrial installations discovered during the excavations. These include precious imported marble veneers and fragments of liturgical furniture, which had been used as raw material for lime production in a large limekiln constructed on the original course of the Byzantine street; and scraps of bronze fragments of liturgical vessels, some decorated with crosses, which were discovered together with metal slags, pottery crucibles, and fragments of production waste, all testifying to the presence of a small-scale metallurgical workshop at the site.
Key Transport and Ammonia Recycling Genes Involved in Aphid Symbiosis Respond to Host-Plant Specialization
Authors: Kim Dohyup , Minhas Bushra F , Li-Byarlay Hongmei , Hansen Allison K
Published: May 2018

Microbes are known to influence insect-plant interactions; however, it is unclear if host-plant diet influences the regulation of nutritional insect symbioses. The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, requires its nutritional endosymbiont, Buchnera, for the production of essential amino acids. We hypothesize that key aphid genes that regulate the nutritional symbioses respond to host-plant diet when aphids feed on a specialized (alfalfa) compared to a universal host-plant diet (fava), which vary in amino acid profiles. Using RNA-Seq and whole genome bisulfite sequencing, we measured gene expression and DNA methylation profiles for such genes when aphids fed on either their specialized or universal host-plant diets. Our results reveal that when aphids feed on their specialized host-plant they significantly up-regulate and/or hypo-methylate key aphid genes in bacteriocytes related to the amino acid metabolism, including glutamine synthetase in the GOGAT cycle that recycles ammonia into glutamine and the glutamine transporter ApGLNT1. Moreover, regardless of what host-plant aphids feed on we observed significant up-regulation and differential methylation of key genes involved in the amino acid metabolism and the glycine/serine metabolism, a metabolic program observed in proliferating cancer cells potentially to combat oxidative stress. Based on our results, we suggest that this regulatory response of key symbiosis genes in bacteriocytes allows aphids to feed on a suboptimal host-plant that they specialize on.
HermesTransposon Mutagenesis Shows [URE3] Prion Pathology Prevented by a Ubiquitin-Targeting Protein: Evidence for Carbon/Nitrogen Assimilation Cross Talk and a Second Function for Ure2p inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Edskes Herman K , Mukhamedova Maryam , Edskes Bouke K , Wickner Reed B
Published: May 2018

[URE3] is an amyloid-based prion of Ure2p, a regulator of nitrogen catabolism. While most “variants” of the [URE3] prion are toxic, mild variants that only slightly slow growth are more widely studied. The existence of several antiprion systems suggests that some components may be protecting cells from potential detrimental effects of mild [URE3] variants. Our extensive Hermes transposon mutagenesis showed that disruption of YLR352W dramatically slows the growth of [URE3-1] strains. Ylr352wp is an F-box protein, directing selection of substrates for ubiquitination by a “cullin”-containing E3 ligase. For efficient ubiquitylation, cullin-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligases must be NEDDylated, modified by a ubiquitin-related peptide called NEDD8 (Rub1p in yeast). Indeed, we find that disruption of NEDDylation-related genes RUB1, ULA1, UBA3, and UBC12 is also counterselected in our screen. We find that like ylr352wΔ [URE3] strains, ylr352wΔ ure2Δ strains do not grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. Overexpression of Hap4p, a transcription factor stimulating expression of mitochondrial proteins, or mutation of GLN1, encoding glutamine synthetase, allows growth of ylr352w∆ [URE3] strains on glycerol media. Supplying proline as a nitrogen source shuts off the nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) function of Ure2p, but does not slow growth of ylr352wΔ strains, suggesting a distinct function of Ure2p in carbon catabolism. Also, gln1 mutations impair NCR, but actually relieve the growth defect of ylr352wΔ [URE3] and ylr352wΔ ure2Δ strains, again showing that loss of NCR is not producing the growth defect and suggesting that Ure2p has another function. YLR352W largely protects cells from the deleterious effects of otherwise mild [URE3] variants or of a ure2 mutation (the latter a rarer event), and we name it LUG1 (lets [URE3]/ure2 grow).
(In)Segurança alimentar de famílias residentes em um município do interior da Paraíba, brasil
Authors: Figueroa Pedraza Dixis , Alves Bezerra Thaíse , Dantas Rocha Ana Carolina , Santos da Fonsêca Almeida Gama Jacqueline
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de insegurança alimentar entre famílias residentes no município de Queimadas e sua associação com as características socioeconômicas e demográficas.Métodos Estudo transversal, envolvendo 204 famílias residentes no município de Queimadas, interior da Paraíba, atendidas em serviços públicos de atenção básica à saúde e com crianças pequenas no núcleo familiar. A segurança alimentar foi avaliada pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Foi estudada a associação da insegurança alimentar com as características socioeconômicas e demográficas das famílias, usando modelo de regressão logística.Resultados A aplicação da escala revelou que 65,4 % das famílias sofriam com insegurança alimentar, sendo 8,4 % leve; 18,5 % moderada e 38,5 % grave. Maiores prevalências de insegurança alimentar foram encontradas nas famílias não beneficiárias de programa social e com precariedade em condições relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental (sem sanitário no domicílio, sem descarga no sanitário, consumo de água não tratada, escoamento sanitário a céu aberto).Conclusões Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que mais da metade das famílias atendidas em serviços públicos de atenção básica à saúde e com crianças pequenas residentes na cidade de Queimadas vive em estado de insegurança alimentar e que as características socioeconômicas são determinantes importantes desse estado.
Mudanças na atividade física de universitários: associação com informações sobre saúde e acesso a locais para prática
Authors: Oliveira Cristiano De Souza , Gordia Alex Pinheiro , Quadros Teresa Maria Bianchini de
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Evaluar cambios en el nivel de actividad física (NAF) de estudiantes durante los dos primeros años de graduacióny su asociación con el acceso a informaciones sobre salud y locales para práctica de actividad física.Métodos Participaron del estudio, universitarios que ingresaron en la Universidad Federal del Recôncavo de Bahia enel año 2010 y fueron acompañados durante los dos primeros años de la graduación. Los factores socioeconómicos,demográficos, masa corporal, estatura, información sobre salud y acceso a lugares para práctica de actividad físicafueron evaluados por el auto relato. El NAF fue medido a través del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física(IPAQ) y clasificado con base en los criterios del Comité de Investigaciones sobre el IPAQ. Para el análisis estadísticose recurrió a la prueba Chi cuadrado y prueba de McNemar (p<0,05).Resultados La muestra que participó de todo el período de seguimiento fue compuesta por 92 universitarios (64,1 %del sexo femenino). La proporción de universitarios insuficientemente activos aumentó del 7,6 % al 12,0 % durantelos dos primeros años de graduación, sin embargo este cambio no fue significativo (p>0,05). Los universitarios queno recibieron información sobre el cuidado de la salud durante la graduación fueron más probables para permanecer/tornarse insuficientemente activos (p<0,001). No hubo asociación entre el NAF y el acceso a lugares para prácticade actividad física (p>0,05).Conclusión Hubo tendencia a aumentar la proporción de universitarios insuficientemente activos durante la enseñanzasuperior. Las políticas dirigidas a la capacitación de los estudiantes sobre cuidados a la salud en las Universidades puedenauxiliar en el aumento de la práctica de actividad física, contribuyendo a la mejora de la salud de los universitarios.
Riesgo y nivel de actividad física en adultos, en un programa de estilos de vida saludables en Popayán
Authors: Vernaza Pinzón Paola , Villaquiran-Hurtado Andres , Paz-Peña Clara I. , Ledezma Betsy M.
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Caracterizar el riesgo y el nivel de actividad física de los participantes de un programa de hábitos y estilos de vida saludables en el municipio de Popayán, durante el primer semestre de 2015.Métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en la población adulta que participa en un programa de promoción de la Salud de la Gobernación del Cauca que acoge una población de 500 usuarios de las comunas 1 y 3. La información se colectó a través del cuestionario IPAQ, además de estratificar el riesgo para la práctica de ejercicio físico con el cuestionario PAR-Q.Resultados Los resultados arrojan una prevalencia de 18,3 % para actividad física vigorosa y moderada, el grupo poblacional que mayor porcentaje de actividad física realizo fue el adulto joven (18-35 años), el 64 % de la población se encuentran en riesgo alto para la práctica de ejercicio físico.Conclusiones Los resultados obtenidos estratifican a la mayoría de la población en alto riesgo para la práctica de ejercicio físico y confirman bajos niveles de actividad física entre moderada y vigorosa, pero dejan entrever la importancia de la realización de evaluaciones previas a la vinculación a programas de ejercicio físico, como medidas de seguridad, control y seguimiento del estado de salud en los usuarios.
Concentraciones de ácido úrico y proteína c reactiva ultrasensible con el síndrome metabólico
Authors: Roldan Menco Consuelo , Diaz Perez Anderson , Barrios Zorayda , Pinto-Aragón Elvis E
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico según el ATPIII y su relación con la concentración de ácido úrico y proteína C reactiva, en personas de 45 a 60 años de edad del barrio Getsemaní de la ciudad de Cartagena.Materiales y Métodos Tipo de estudio observacional, descriptivo-correlaciónal. Población de 802 habitantes del barrio Getsemaní de la ciudad de Cartagena. Se analizaron 302 habitantes de una muestra aleatoria con un 95 % de nivel de confianza y 5 % de nivel de error. Se aplicaron los criterios diagnósticos de ATP III, el instrumento aplicado contó con datos básicos acerca del contexto general (aspectos social, demográficos, económicos, antecedentes familiares, actividad laboral y sus características físicas: peso, perímetro de cintura, toma de presión sanguínea, cálculo del IMC), así como pruebas diagnósticas entre las que se cuenta: Glicemia, colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDLc, LDLc, ácido úrico, proteína C reactiva ultrasensible.Resultados La población susceptible de síndrome metabólico con una prevalencia del 18 %. El factor del síndrome metabólico más prevalente fue la obesidad abdominal con un 85 %, seguido del aumento de triglicéridos en un 76 %.Conclusión Al aplicar los criterios del ATP III la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico se consideró alta. No se observó asociación significativa de los valores de con la posibilidad de desarrollar síndrome metabólico tanto en hombres como en mujeres, pero los resultados del ácido úrico se encontraron correlacionados en el grupo de mujeres susceptibles de padecer SM con un valor de p=0,0022.
Intestinal parasites among employees of restaurants and cafeterias in an ancient city of Brazil
Authors: Brauer Alline Mikaele Nunes Wildemberg , Da Silva Janaína Costa , De Souza Anelise Andrade , De Souza Marco Antônio Andrade
Published: May 2018

Objetivo Investigar la frecuencia de parásitos intestinales en empleados de restaurantes y cafeterías ubicadas en el Centro Comercial de São Mateus, Espírito Santo, una de las ciudades más antiguas de Brasil.Materiales y Métodos Entre agosto de 2013 y febrero de 2014, 42 muestras fecales fueron recolectadas y analizadas por el método de Sedimentación Espontánea en el Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos de la Universidad Federal de Espírito Santo, campus de São Mateus.Resultados Los resultados fueron positivos en el 19 % de las muestras, y el comensal más frecuente fue Entamoeba coli (75 %), seguido de los parásitos Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (37,5 %) y Giardia lamblia (12,5 %).Conclusión Se sugiere la necesidad de adoptar medidas de educación sanitaria para la ciudad de São Mateus, dando charlas permanentes sobre orientación sanitaria y realizando exámenes parasitológicos. Estas acciones contribuirán a la mejora de las condiciones de salud de la población.
Anchoring bias in face-to-face Time-Trade-Off valuations of health states
Authors: García Molina Mario , Chicaíza Becerra Liliana Alejandra
Published: May 2018

Objetivos Comprobar si se presenta anclaje (un sesgo cognitivo) en las valoraciones de estados de salud por Time-Trade-Off realizadas en entrevistas en persona.Métodos 147 sujetos colombianos (111 hombres, 36 mujeres) valoraron five estados de salud EQ-5D mejores que la muerte en una entrevista personal. Los sujetos se asignaron aleatoriamente a dos puntos de partida distintos.Resultados El test de Shapiro-Wilk descartó normalidad de las distribuciones. Las pruebas no paramétricas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y Wilconson-Mann-Whitney mostraron que el anclaje era significativo en cuatro de los cinco estados de salud. Un punto de partida más alto aumentaba el valor obtenido en un 15 %-188 %. El tamaño del anclaje no era uniforme en los distintos estados de salud.Conclusiones El anclaje puede sesgar las valoraciones por Time Trade-Off realizadas en entrevistas. El efecto es lo suficientemente alto como para hacerlo relevante en términos de política.