bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primitive Points in Rational Polygons
Authors: Bárány Imre , Martin Greg , Naslund Eric , Robins Sinai
Published: January 2020

Let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a star-shaped polygon in the plane, with rational vertices, containing the origin. The number of primitive lattice points in the dilate $t{\mathcal{A}}$ is asymptotically $\frac{6}{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{2}}\text{Area}(t{\mathcal{A}})$ as $t\rightarrow \infty$. We show that the error term is both $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{\pm }(t\sqrt{\log \log t})$ and $O(t(\log t)^{2/3}(\log \log t)^{4/3})$. Both bounds extend (to the above class of polygons) known results for the isosceles right triangle, which appear in the literature as bounds for the error term in the summatory function for Euler’s $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(n)$.
How to Measure Wellbeing in Outcomes-based Commissioning?
Authors: Tirronen Anniina , Stenvall Jari , Kinder Tony , Tienhaara Piia , Rossi Paula
Published: January 2020

Outcomes-based commissioning has been gaining ground for several years now. Criticism of outcomes-based commissioning usually concerns measuring. However, valid and reliable outcome measures are difficult to find. This study is a case study of the procurement made in the years of 2013 and 2014 in the city of Tampere, Finland. Data were collected in 2015 from the tendering documents and by interviewing 5 civil servants and 8 service providers who all took part in the procurement, and in 2016 from a workshop. Measuring outcomes can be cumbersome, especially when verifying a connection between services and outcomes. However, using surrogates for wellbeing alongside conventional quality and achievement indicators, can allow practitioners to establish whether the values held by the public are embedded in the public value created by a new service model. The paper suggests a new framework for use in tracking the migration of values into value.
Corporate Community Investment: A Strategic Approach
Authors: Bosetti Luisa
Published: January 2020

Companies have a broad responsibility towards all their stakeholders, including society at large. In particular, companies are expected to play a significant role in the socio-economic development of the communities where they operate. Many firms support the activity of non-profit and public organisations providing them with financial resources, in-kind donations and staff time. What in the past was simply considered as a philanthropic practice, today is planned, managed and monitored as a significant investment able to produce long-term benefits for both the community and the company. In this regard, corporate community investment requires a strategic approach to improve the relationship between company and society, enhance people’s well-being and create new business opportunities.
Stakeholder Relationships and Responsibilities: A New Perspective
Authors: Civera Chiara , Freeman R. Edward
Published: January 2020

The intensifying debate about stakeholder-oriented relational approaches replacing a pure economic-based perspective has contributed to new stakeholder thinking based on cooperative relationships and mutual and shared responsibilities. In this paper, we provide a new configuration of stakeholder relationships and responsibilities by first discussing three main antecedents of such a differentiated perspective: (a) the failure of the separation thesis; (b) the importance of stakeholder continuous engagement and joint value creation; and (c) the key role of creative imagination. Second, we use these antecedents to illustrate a multi-stakeholder value map that sheds light on the centrality of all stakeholders in a joint value creation emergent process. We posit that adopting such an approach might increase the value creation for all actors, whether directly or indirectly involved in specific multistakeholder alliances, and benefit the firm, the industry and the society from a larger perspective beyond one that is merely economic-based.
The mechanisms of conventional pollutants adsorption by modified granular steel slag
Authors: Wang Shaona , Yao Sijian , Du Kang , Yuan Rongfang , Chen Huilun , Wang Fei , Zhou Beihai
Published: January 2020

This study was performed to investigate the removal of phosphorus, nitrogen, ammonia and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from domestic wastewater using modified granular steel slag (GSS) as adsorbent. The modification methods include acid modification, alkalinity modification and thermal modification. The GSS modified at 800°C for 1 h was easier to hydrolyze Ca2+, which could promote the precipitation of phosphates and the ion exchange process of ammonia. Therefore, the adsorptive capacity of GSS for phosphates and ammonia could be significantly improved by the thermal treatment. The acid-modified GSS promoted the adsorption capacity of nitrates by increasing surface protonation, specific surface area and pore size. The highest nitrates adsorption capacity was obtained when GSS was immersed in 1 mol/L HCl solution for 24 h. The presence of nitrates inhibited the adsorption of phosphates by GSS because the adsorption of nitrates and phosphates by GSS depended largely on electrostatic attraction and intermolecular force, and the competition between them reduced the adsorption capacity. Ammonia can promote the hydrolysis of metal ions on the surface of GSS, increase the concentration of metal ions in solution and promote the formation of phosphate precipitation, but ammonia also competed with phosphate for active sites on the surface of GSS. The effect of ammonia nitrogen on phosphate adsorption was the result of the interaction of the two mechanisms. For domestic wastewater, the thermally modified GSS showed the best adsorption rate of total phosphorus and total nitrogen, and the acid-modified GSS had better adsorption capacity for organic matter. The thermally modified GSS had a good application effect in laboratory subsurface flow constructed wetlands.
The Book of Pockets
Authors: Gorea Adriana , Roelse Katya , Hall Martha L.
Published: January 2020

Whether fashionable or functional-or both-pockets are an important design detail that can enhance the aesthetic of your collection and improve the experience of the wearer. Whether it's for fashion design, construction, patternmaking or costume design, if you're looking to get the full picture on patch pockets, better command of the cargo, or more know-how on welts, this is your go-to resource.

The Book of Pockets includes:

- inspirational imagery, overlaid with fl at patterns or zoom-ins of the pocket detail

- comprehensive information on all things pocket, beginning with their long history and going all the way from workwear to activewear and couture

- practical advice through interviews with fashion designers, curators, and technology developers a Pocket Flat Sketch Library appendix for quick reference, and

- step-by-step construction tutorials, illustrated with flats throughout, showing you how to create nested pockets with gussets, invisible zipper patch pockets, cascading pockets, and more.

With consumers crying out for stylish, functional pockets, The Book of Pockets is the ultimate guide to help you successfully incorporate them into your designs.
Air quality and climate change, Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia Phase III (MICS-Asia III) – Part 2: aerosol radiative effects and aerosol feedbacks
Authors: Gao Meng , Han Zhiwei , Tao Zhining , Li Jiawei , Kang Jeong-Eon , Huang Kan , Dong Xinyi , Zhuang Bingliang , Li Shu , Ge Baozhu , Wu Qizhong , Lee Hyo-Jung , Kim Cheol-Hee , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Tijian , Chin Mian , Li Meng , Woo Jung-Hun , Zhang Qiang , Cheng Yafang , Wang Zifa , Carmichael Gregory R.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Topic 3 of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase III
examines how online coupled air quality models perform in simulating
wintertime haze events in the North China Plain region and evaluates the
importance of aerosol radiative feedbacks. This paper discusses the
estimates of aerosol radiative forcing, aerosol feedbacks, and possible
causes for the differences among the participating models. Over the
Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, the ensemble mean of estimated aerosol
direct radiative forcing (ADRF) at the top of atmosphere, inside the
atmosphere, and at the surface are −1.1, 7.7, and −8.8 W m−2 during
January 2010, respectively. Subdivisions of direct and indirect aerosol
radiative forcing confirm the dominant role of direct forcing. During severe
haze days (17–19 January 2010), the averaged reduction in near-surface
temperature for the BTH region can reach 0.3–1.6 ∘C. The
responses of wind speeds at 10 m (WS10) inferred from different models show
consistent declines in eastern China. For the BTH region, aerosol–radiation
feedback-induced daytime changes in PM2.5 concentrations during
severe haze days range from 6.0 to 12.9 µg m−3 (<6 %).
Sensitivity simulations indicate the important effect of aerosol mixing
states on the estimates of ADRF and aerosol feedbacks. Besides, black carbon (BC) exhibits
a large contribution to atmospheric heating and feedbacks although it accounts
for a small share of mass concentration of PM2.5.
Improvement in cloud retrievals from VIIRS through the use of infrared absorption channels constructed from VIIRS-CrIS data fusion
Authors: Li Yue , Baum Bryan A. , Heidinger Andrew K. , Menzel W. Paul , Weisz Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Retrieval of semitransparent ice cloud properties from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) satellite sensor on the Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20 platforms is challenging due to the absence of infrared (IR) water vapor and CO2 absorption channels. However, on these platforms, there is a companion sensor called the Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CrIS) that provides these spectral measurements, but at a lower spatial resolution (~ 15 km at nadir). To mitigate the lack of VIIRS spectral measurements in these IR absorption channels, recent studies suggest an approach to supplement VIIRS measurements by fusion of the imager and sounder data. In particular, Weisz et al. (2017) demonstrate a method to construct IR water vapor and CO2 absorption channel radiances for VIIRS at 750 m spatial resolution. Based on these constructed channels for both Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, this study evaluates three cloud properties – cloud mask, cloud thermodynamic phase, and cloud top height – through comparison to the CALIPSO/CALIOP V4-20 cloud layer products and MODIS Collection 6.1 cloud top products. Each of these cloud properties show improvement with the use of these constructed channel radiances. The major improvement for the cloud mask is found over polar regions, where the correct cloud detection percentage increases due to decrease in missed cloud and/or false detection. For cloud thermodynamic phase, the ice cloud fraction increases over non-polar regions and the combined liquid water and ice cloud discrimination improves in comparison with CALIPSO. The retrieved cloud top height for semitransparent ice clouds increases over non-polar regions and tends to be closer to the true CALIPSO/CALIOP cloud top height. Moreover, the uncertainty of cloud top height retrievals decreases globally for these clouds.
Effect of precipitation seasonality on annual oxygen isotopic composition in the area of spring persistent rain in southeastern China and its paleoclimatic implication
Authors: Zhang Haiwei , Cheng Hai , Cai Yanjun , Spötl Christoph , Sinha Ashish , Kathayat Gayatri , Li Hanying
Published: January 2020

Abstract. This study examines the seasonality of precipitation
amount and δ18O over the monsoon region of China (MRC). We
found that the precipitation amount associated with the East Asian summer
monsoon (EASM) in the spring persistent rain (SPR) region is equivalent to
that of the nonsummer monsoon (NSM). The latter contributes ∼50 % to amount-weighted annual δ18O values, in contrast with
other areas in the MRC, where the δ18O of annual precipitation
is dominated by EASM precipitation. Interannual relationships between the
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index, simulated δ18O data from IsoGSM, and seasonal
precipitation amount in the SPR region were also examined. We found that on
interannual timescales, the seasonality of precipitation amount (EASM ∕ NSM
ratio) was modulated by ENSO and primarily influences the variability of
amount-weighted annual precipitation δ18O values in the SPR
region, although integrated regional convection and moisture source and
transport distance may also play subordinate roles. During El Niño (La
Niña) phases, less (more) EASM and more (less) NSM precipitation leading
to lower (higher) EASM ∕ NSM precipitation amount ratios results in higher
(lower) amount-weighted annual precipitation δ18O values and,
consequently, in higher (lower) speleothem δ18O values.
Characterizing spatial differences in seasonal precipitation is, therefore,
key to correctly interpreting speleothem δ18O records from the
MRC.
The Neolithic greenstone industry of Chiomonte (northwestern Italy): mineralogy, petrography and archaeometric implications
Authors: Giustetto Roberto , Padovan Stefania , Barale Luca , Compagnoni Roberto
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The polished stone industry of Chiomonte (Piedmont
region, northwestern Italy), dating back to the middle to late Neolithic,
has been studied with a multi-analytical approach, including mineralogical,
petrographic and morpho-typological issues, with the aim of providing
information about the sources of the raw materials and determining
the function of this particular settlement in the prehistoric Western Alps. Most
of the lithic tools are made of sensu stricto greenstones (i.e.
“Na pyroxene rocks” and “Na pyroxene and garnet rocks”), though a large
number of serpentinite tools (25 %) also exist. The combined application of
X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), polarising microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) led to the detection of specific
mineral and chemical “markers”, pointing to the Chiomonte
tools likely having come from the Monviso area. However, other closer supply sources, e.g.
small meta-ophiolite units in the Orsiera–Rocciavré mountain range or in
the lower Susa valley, cannot be ruled out. The presence, on the many
retrieved roughouts and broken tools, of raw, yet unpolished surfaces
that are ascribable to pebbles and cobbles from alluvial or glacial deposits,
suggests that these rocks had been picked up from local “secondary” sources.
The abundance of roughouts and broken tools identifies Chiomonte as a
second-order manufacturing site, although it is still unclear whether such
an activity was restricted to serving local needs or if it contributed to the
circulation of greenstone implements on a wider scale.
Sensitivity of inverse glacial isostatic adjustment estimates over Antarctica
Authors: Willen Matthias O. , Horwath Martin , Schröder Ludwig , Groh Andreas , Ligtenberg Stefan R. M. , Kuipers Munneke Peter , van den Broeke Michiel R.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is a major source of uncertainty for ice and ocean mass balance estimates derived from satellite gravimetry. In Antarctica the gravimetric effect of cryospheric mass change and GIA are of the same order of magnitude. Inverse estimates from geodetic observations hold some promise for mass signal separation. Here, we investigate the combination of satellite gravimetry and altimetry and demonstrate that the choice of input data sets and processing methods will influence the resultant GIA inverse estimate. This includes the combination that spans the full GRACE record (April 2002–August 2016). Additionally, we show the variations that arise from combining the actual time series of the differing data sets. Using the inferred trends, we assess the spread of GIA solutions owing to (1) the choice of different degree-1 and C20 products, (2) viable candidate surface-elevation-change products derived from different altimetry missions corresponding to different time intervals, and (3) the uncertainties associated with firn process models. Decomposing the total-mass signal into the ice mass and the GIA components is strongly dependent on properly correcting for an apparent bias in regions of small signal. Here our ab initio solutions force the mean GIA and GRACE trend over the low precipitation zone of East Antarctica to be zero. Without applying this bias correction, the overall spread of total-mass change and GIA-related mass change using differing degree-1 and C20 products is 68 and 72 Gt a−1, respectively, for the same time period (March 2003–October 2009). The bias correction method collapses this spread to 6 and 5 Gt a−1, respectively. We characterize the firn process model uncertainty empirically by analysing differences between two alternative surface mass balance products. The differences propagate to a 10 Gt a−1 spread in debiased GIA-related mass change estimates. The choice of the altimetry product poses the largest uncertainty on debiased mass change estimates. The spread of debiased GIA-related mass change amounts to 15 Gt a−1 for the period from March 2003 to October 2009. We found a spread of 49 Gt a−1 comparing results for the periods April 2002–August 2016 and July 2010–August 2016. Our findings point out limitations associated with data quality, data processing, and correction for apparent biases.
Identification of blowing snow particles in images from a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera
Authors: Schaer Mathieu , Praz Christophe , Berne Alexis
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A new method to automatically discriminate between hydrometeors and blowing snow particles on Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC) images is introduced. The method uses four selected descriptors related to the image frequency, the number of particles detected per image, and their size and geometry to classify each individual image. The classification task is achieved with a two-component Gaussian mixture model fitted on a subset of representative images of each class from field campaigns in Antarctica and Davos, Switzerland. The performance is evaluated by labeling the subset of images on which the model was fitted. An overall accuracy and a Cohen kappa score of 99.4 % and 98.8 %, respectively, are achieved. In a second step, the probabilistic information is used to flag images composed of a mix of blowing snow particles and hydrometeors, which turns out to occur frequently. The percentage of images belonging to each class from an entire austral summer in Antarctica and during a winter in Davos, respectively, is presented. The capability to distinguish precipitation, blowing snow and a mix of those in MASC images is highly relevant to disentangle the complex interactions between wind, snowflakes and snowpack close to the surface.
Multicorporalidad frente a ocularcentrismo: de la ciudad ojo-individuo a la ciudad sensorial-participada.
Authors: Moya Laura , Bergua José Ángel , Ruíz Marcos
Published: January 2020

Algunos autores/as, como Jay (1988, 2003, 2007, 2008), Levin (1988, 1993) o Jenks (1995), han investigado acerca de la influencia del ocularcentrismo en la cultura occidental. Otros/as, como Pallasmaa (2006), han especificado esta influencia en el ámbito arquitectónico y urbanístico. Finalmente, a partir de la década de los ochenta, la antropología sensorial cuestionó el visualismo del pensamiento y cultura occidentales, haciendo hincapié en trascender este sesgo con el fin de conectar con la experiencia cultural de los sujetos no occidentales. Sin embargo, y atendiendo a los avances en esta última disciplina, las taxonomías de los sentidos en las culturas responden a un orden cultural y social determinado por la asignación de mayor o menor valor a nuestros sentidos. ¿Y si cuestionamos dicha taxonomía ocularcéntrica dentro de nuestra propia cultura occidental, valiéndonos de las experiencias de los cuerpos que resisten a dicha jerarquización? En este artículo se analiza cómo se gestó el ocularcentrismo en la Modernidad y cómo continúa siendo el principal paradigma en la construcción de las ciudades. Más tarde, atendiendo al desmontaje de dichas taxonomías de la mano de la antropología sensorial y utilizando la multiplicidad de tecnologías que en nuestro tiempo permiten la sinestesia e interdependencia de los sentidos, se presenta un proyecto multisensorial para habitar la ciudad. Este proyecto tiene por objetivo facilitar a los participantes habitar los espacios urbanos de maneras diversas, alejadas de las formas normalizadas de interacción.
Complejidades, responsabilidades e invenciones: construcciones de subjetividades y de derechos en el encuentro entre instituciones y jóvenes de sectores populares
Authors: Arias Ana Josefina , Di Leo Pablo Francisco
Published: January 2020

En este artículo presentamos resultados de una investigación social que analiza la relación entre jóvenes de los sectores populares y las instituciones que trabajan en el acceso y ejercicio de derechos. Para la construcción de datos, desarrollamos una estrategia metodológica cualitativa, realizando entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y no participante con jóvenes y referentes en seis instituciones y organizaciones sociales del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La cuestión de los derechos es un campo de construcción, una imagen de futuro, que también implica adaptarse permanentemente a nuevas tensiones en los límites y las prácticas institucionales, de acuerdo con unas formas singularizadas de relacionarse con las y los jóvenes. En las experiencias institucionales que analizamos coexisten: la preocupación por generar organizaciones “diferentes”; las estrategias de trabajo tensionadas por las voluntades y responsabilidades de sus agentes; las complejidades para adaptarse y, a la vez, transformar las subjetividades juveniles. Relaciones de reconocimiento, ternura, compromiso y confianza, que transforman las identidades individuales y colectivas, conviven con dificultades de diverso orden en lo cotidiano institucional.
Las personas mayores en el Estado de bienestar: las políticas sociales en Alemania y España. The elderly in Welfare State: social policies in Germany and Spain.
Authors: Amezcua-Aguilar Teresa , Alberich-Nistal Tomás , Sotomayor Morales Eva
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco de una investigación más amplia sobre las diferencias y semejanzas de la participación social de las personas mayores en Alemania y España. En este artículo nos aproximamos a la situación de las personas mayores en el marco del Estado de bienestar y a la cobertura que reciben de los sistemas de protección social, comparando las formas que los respectivos modelos de Estado de bienestar tienen de abordar los fenómenos emergentes del envejecimiento demográfico y la pobreza en la vejez, en el contexto de crisis global. Con un enfoque cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos de discusión, abordamos los diferentes discursos acerca de los roles de los actores sociales en los sistemas de protección de las personas mayores. Las conclusiones más relevantes apuntan a una convergencia de los modelos de Estado de bienestar alemán y español. La opinión mayoritaria considera que la sociedad civil debe tomar protagonismo en la sostenibilidad del Estado de bienestar, por lo que es necesario encontrar estrategias, dentro de la política social, que incentiven el compromiso social. Se plantean finalmente propuestas dirigidas a promover la participación e integración de las personas mayores.
Merging the E-journaling and the Workshop Methods to Reduce Prep-Year Students’ Writing Apprehension: An Experimental Study
Authors: Mohammed Osama , Othman Waleed , Kazeem Kayode Bakare
Published: January 2020

Preparatory (prep) year students presently encounter a significant disparity between prior to college English writing and the much superior level of competence needed for potential academic programs in Saudi Arabia. Study has verified the operational efficacy of the methods of e-journaling and writing workshop on alleviating writing apprehension but on a separate basis. This study represents an original contribution to knowledge through exploring the effects of merging these two outstanding methods. Accordingly, the degree to which this new method reduced Saudi prep-year students' writing apprehension was statistically examined. Tools included an instructional program and a writing apprehension test. The researcher applied the randomized control-group posttest-only design in the experiment. Students were randomly assigned to an experimental group, that studied the new program and a control group, that did not experience such treatment. At the end of the experiment, the two groups were post-tested using the writing apprehension test. Statistical treatment of the results was carried out, and the findings revealed that there is a statistically substantial difference between mean scores in favor of the experimental group students. This indicates that the integration of the e-journaling and the writing workshop methods has substantial effects on minimizing students’ writing apprehension as compared to the control group students. Further research is needed to develop new consistent methods of teaching writing that cope with and benefit from the current digital outbreak, especially in the Saudi, Arab and EFL foundation/prep-year contexts.
Why Are Larger Motor Carriers More Compliant with Safety Regulations?
Authors: Miller Jason
Published: January 2020

A common finding from both the regulatory compliance and motor-carrier safety literatures is that larger firms are more compliant with safety rules than smaller firms. However, complementary yet alternative explanations have been advanced to explain this empirical regularity. Some scholars argue larger firms' greater resource endowments allow them to make more investments to ensure safety compliance. Other scholars argue larger firms have more incentive to operate in compliance with safety rules because they have more brand equity at stake and are more exposed to regulatory enforcement. As these explanations suggest different policy implications, identifying findings uniquely consistent with one or both mechanisms is important to further efforts to improve carriers' safety compliance. This article leverages archival motor-carrier safety data and estimates different econometric models designed to isolate effects that are uniquely consistent with these alternative mechanisms. The results provide evidence uniquely consistent with each mechanism. This article concludes by explaining theoretical contributions, detailing managerial implications, and offering policy suggestions.
Measuring Sustainability Performance: A Green Supply Chain Index
Authors: Datta Pratim , Diffee Erica Nicholl
Published: January 2020

In an age of climatic shifts and environmental degradation, globalization and expanding supply chains are rapidly changing operational and market dynamics. Yet, how are green supply chains dimensioned as a combination of activities and practices? What phases of the supply chain can be most easily improved by adopting a green philosophy? If a company has not yet adopted a green philosophy, what stages of its supply chain can be most likely improved? This article proposes an industry framework to index and benchmark green “environmentally sustainable” supply chains. We use 21 managers and senior executives across 12 firms to derive and validate the index variables and parameters. Data from our observations and interviews allow us to derive the Green Supply Chain Index (GSCI). The comprehensive GSCI creates a baseline on which companies can measure their green supply chain performance. This article serves as a starting point for benchmarking organizational GSC initiatives and their downstream effects on organizational performance addressing requisite incentives and penalties. The index can serve as rudimentary templates for research and practices as we seek to decipher various operational and performance aspects that distinguish between green-washing and greening while offering greater scrutiny into a rapidly changing and environmentally-conscious world.
Error Analysis: Approaches to Written Texts of Turks Living in the Sydney
Authors: Altıparmak Yılmaz H. Merve , Demir Necati
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe the errors made by Turks living in Sydney, Australia in Turkish written texts. The mistakes identified in the texts were handled with the error analysis approach and evaluated according to their linguistic, cognitive processing, communicative, spelling and punctuation characteristics. Content analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study group consisted of forty-one people, aged between 10-25 years, living in Sydney, Australia in 2017. Participants were asked to create a text of at least 250 words by selecting any of the seven elective subjects in the written expression form. The texts were then examined one by one and the errors were analyzed under four headings: linguistic, cognitive processing, communicative, spelling and punctuation. As a result of the analyzed data in written expression texts, 951 linguistic and cognitive processing, 343 communicative, 230 spelling and 178 punctuation errors were detected. By analyzing the written texts under these headings, it is thought that the mistakes will be identified more easily and be beneficial for the language teaching process and everyone involved in this process, that the mistakes can be avoided more easily by focusing on more efficient and goal-oriented works and that they will save time.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: January 2020

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 13, No. 2, 2020.
Are Universities Ready to Recognize Open Online Learning?
Authors: Tereseviciene Margarita , Trepule Elena , Dauksiene Estela , Tamoliune Giedre , Costa Nilza
Published: January 2020

Fast development of technologies, changing needs of digital learners and other aspects of the digital era have had a major impact on universities and their learning management procedures. Access to information online, possibilities of open online learning and need to manage one’s time lead to the changed profile of today’s students and their need to recognize their prior knowledge or skills. This brings a challenge for universities to adapt their procedures of prior learning recognition. This research aims at identifying requirements for universities to recognize open online learning (OOL), focusing on the qualitative analysis of insights and experiences of experts who are knowledgeable and experienced in the field of OOL. Although OOL recognition procedures tend to be similar as in the recognition of other types of learning, the universities face external challenges, coming from labour market, as well as reserved, if not negative, attitudes towards openness and lack of trust in OOL by traditional universities, thus distinguishing the OOL recognition process as being far from accepted practices. The research findings highlight several prospective requirements for universities set to recognize OOL.
Competency Needs of Business Educators in Osun State Secondary Schools, Nigeria
Authors: Oyerinde David Oluseyi , Onajite Onnoh Godwin , Aina Adebayo Mattew
Published: January 2020

Competency is one of the essential elements in teaching. It also determines the effectiveness of teachers during the teaching and learning process and performance of students. The study therefore investigated the competency needs of business educators in Osun State with a view to know those competencies that are needed but not possessed. Descriptive research design of survey type was adopted for the study. The population was 613 business educators out of which 300 was sampled using simple and stratified random sampling techniques. A self-design 20-item questionnaire titled “Teachers’ Competency Assessment Questionnaire (TCAQ)” was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was constructed on 4-point scale. The instrument was validated by two experts. The reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach alpha and this yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.78. The research questions raised were answered using the means scores. Any item with a mean score greater than or equal to 2.50 suggests moderate possession, item with mean score ranging from 1.50 to 2.49 suggests fairly possession while item with mean score of 1.49 or below suggests not possession. Findings of the study revealed that out four competencies assessed, two were moderately possessed (planning of instruction and classroom instruction skills) one was fairly possessed (practical demonstration skills) while the remaining one was not possessed (ICT skills). It was recommended among others that government and relevant agencies need to organize series of training for business educators to acquire the needed skills.
Service Learning Programs with Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Dickerson Mark , Fall Randy , Helm-Stevens Roxanne
Published: January 2020

While prior research on service-learning has established the benefits for participating college and university students, more recent research has attempted to explore the value of service-learning projects for the recipients of the service-learning projects, typically public-school students. This study endeavors to extend this research to a special subset of this population by examining the outcome of a 6-week service-learning project in an alternative educational setting for juvenile offenders.

This service-learning project involved teams of four to five university business school students presenting a life skills curriculum to two classrooms of students who have been adjudicated through the juvenile courts. We administered an optional questionnaire to all participating students as a pretest and posttest, asking about their knowledge and skills in career readiness. We found statistically significant increases in ratings from pretest to posttest. Analyzed individually, all 28 items showed statistically significant improvements from pretest to posttest. Scales created from the items were also statistically significant, with the greatest change in items measuring Goals. We interpret these findings as an indication that adjudicated youth have a substantial need and interest in career information and training.
De toekomst is aan de surfende criminoloog
Authors: Maesschalck Jeroen
Published: January 2020

The criminologist of the future is a surfing criminologist

If, as criminologists, we really want to contribute to solutions for the great challenges of our time, we should be…surfing more. In a dynamic environment full of contradictions, we should be constantly in motion, moving left and right between different theoretical-normative perspectives as well as between methodological perspectives. This paper clarifies that surfing movement with some illustrations. It then proposes three goals for a criminological research agenda that should help us address the great challenges: actual (as opposed to superficial) relevance for practice, causal ambitions and multidisciplinarity. The paper concludes with some reflections about the organization and funding of criminological research.
Criminaliteit, digitalisering en de online sociale wereld: dezelfde processen in een nieuwe sociale context?
Authors: Weerman Frank
Published: January 2020

Crime, digitalisation and the online social world

This contribution reflects on the criminological meaning of the still ongoing trend of digitalisation. What does this mean for crime as a phenomenon and for the explanation of criminal behaviour? Not only did we see the emergence of new types of offending, also the context of crime has changed. In principle, the underlying explanatory processes can remain the same, but their application in the online world is complex and deserves further attention. Online social interactions are not only important for online crime, but also for traditional offenses. However, systematic research on how this actually takes place is scarce.
Les relacions entre l’escola i les famílies des d’una perspectiva democràtica: eixos d’anàlisi i propostes per a l’equitat
Authors: Collet-Sabé Jordi
Published: January 2020

La pregunta sobre quanta desigualtat pot suportar la democràcia emmarca l’anàlisi que l’article fa dels vincles entre docents i famílies a les escoles catalanes des de la doble perspectiva de la democràcia i de l’equitat. Partint d’aquests dos eixos d’estudi es recullen, especialment de la literatura internacional, alguns dels resultats que assenyalen com els vincles entre docents i famílies encara tenen clars marges de millora, tant en relació amb la democràcia com amb l’equitat. Algunes d’aquestes anàlisis es refereixen a dimensions com ara el govern de l’escola, el grau d’inclusió de les diverses famílies, l’atenció a les desigualtats de partida, etc. A la part final de l’article s’hi proposa, a partir dels principis d’inclusió, equitat, empoderament i aprofundiment democràtic, repensar l’escola, les seves pràctiques i el seu govern, per tal de transformar-los, efectivament, en espais que generin experiències i aprenentatges, tal com proposen autors com Biesta o Edelstein, en, sobre i per a la democràcia en unes condicions d’equitat.
El docente socioconstructivista: un héroe sin capa
Authors: Ribosa Jesús
Published: January 2020

El cambio de paradigma educativo requerido por la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento parte de la concepción socioconstructivista del aprendizaje. Aunque son muchos los autores que han hecho aportaciones al enfoque socioconstructivista, su concreción a nivel de aula y especialmente sus implicaciones en el perfil del docente aún quedan poco determinadas. Definir este perfil puede ayudar a los profesores a comprender cómo deben ser, qué conocimientos y habilidades necesitan y cómo pueden mejorar. El presente ensayo se propone concretar el perfil del enseñante para una educación de enfoque socioconstructivista, integrando las distintas aportaciones a través de una analogía con el arquetipo del héroe. El perfil del docente socioconstructivista que se propone aquí se ajusta a las dos características principales del héroe: el alto nivel de competencia y la acción moral. La analogía presentada en este ensayo no solo puede servir para que el maestro comprenda mejor el perfil del docente socioconstructivista, sino también para hacerle más consciente de su responsabilidad y de su poder para mejorar la educación y la sociedad.
Valores transmitidos en la formación inicial del profesorado
Authors: Díez-Gutiérrez Enrique-Javier
Published: January 2020

Este artículo refleja los resultados del proyecto de investigación ULE 2012-03 sobre los valores transmitidos en la formación inicial del profesorado. Esta formación está influida por los valores y las actitudes que los docentes universitarios transmiten a los estudiantes, ya sean explícitos o implícitos. Estos valores influirán en la práctica profesional de los futuros docentes y, a su vez, en los valores del alumnado al que formen. De ahí su importancia.Mediante la metodología de análisis crítico del discurso se han analizado las argumentaciones del profesorado y del alumnado que han participado en entrevistas y grupos de discusión, cuyos resultados se han triangulado con el análisis de las guías docentes de las asignaturas que imparten, de cara a comprender los nexos entre los distintos discursos hegemónicos y las ideas interiorizadas y naturalizadas.Los resultados muestran que los docentes universitarios tienden a reproducir, especialmente de forma implícita, valores y actitudes vinculados al discurso social dominante, marcado por un imaginario económico, social y mental neoliberal, a pesar de expresar de forma explícita el intento de ser críticos con el mismo. Por eso se considera que la universidad debería dedicar esfuerzos, mecanismos y recursos a analizar cuáles son los valores que está transmitiendo a las futuras generaciones de profesionales de la educación y si estos contribuyen a promover una formación que permita construir una sociedad más justa y mejor.
Presentación
Authors: Díaz-Vicario Anna
Published: January 2020

Presentación del volumen 56/1.
EXAMINATION OF ROUGH SURFACES WITH EDDY CURRENT METHOD
Authors: DZICZKOWSKI Leszek , BUCHACZ Andrzej
Published: January 2020

As the relationship between some important parameters of materials and their electric conductivity really exists, it makes it possible to use the eddy current method to measure conductivity of material in a non-destructive manner and then infer about the desired properties of materials, their continuous or non-continuous structure or some geometrical parameters. However, the substantial impact of surface condition demonstrated by examined materials onto test results is a significant drawback of the eddy current method. This is why, a new and innovative method for compensation of material surface roughness onto results of conductance measurements is proposed. The presented method is based on the double calibration process applied to the measuring kit of the conductometer and the measuring probe.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR 4WD VEHICLE MOVING ON CURVE
Authors: BAIER Andrzej , MYDLARZ Jerzy
Published: January 2020

Observation of the vehicles indicates that during acceleration on the curve the rear external wheel is the most loaded with vertical power. At the same time the front internal wheel is underloaded and even loses contact with the surface. The traditional drive line is not able to transfer the surplus power from the front internal wheel to the rear external one. In the new patented solution, wheels are connected diagonally to improve vehicle performance and safety. Initial investigations of the new drive line performed at first theoretically, then in the NX Motion Simulation environment, and finally by physical tests, confirmed the potential of the new solution. In addition, the article presents potential military applications of the diagonal drive line for the Power-pack configuration.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN EMPLOYING SELECTED HEURISTIC METHODS
Authors: KOZIOŁEK Sebastian , BOCHNIAK Patrycja , SMOLNICKI Tadeusz
Published: January 2020

The article presents the conceptual design methodology employing Synectics to build space design representation of a new system. This space is a set of parametric attributes. All of the attributes describe parametric value limits to define the technical specifications of an innovative system. Synectics is one of the heuristic methods applied in the process of basic and advanced knowledge acquisition to develop innovative concepts. In the paper conceptual design with the use of selected analogies is presented.
INFLUENCE OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ON DRIVING EFFORT NECESSARY TO DRIVE ROSOMAK APC
Authors: MOTRYCZ Grzegorz , STRYJEK Piotr
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the issues related to ensuring the right level of driving feel depending on vehicle emergency situations. For this reason the authors carried out some experimental tests in which attention was focused on depicting driving effort depending on emergency situations.
EVALUATION OF TRANSPORT CONDITIONS OF TROOPS IN HIGH-MOBILITY MULTIPURPOSE MILITARY VEHICLES ON THE BASIS OF ACCELEROMETRIC DATA
Authors: SMOLNICKI Tadeusz , JAMROZIAK Krzysztof , BOCIAN Mirosław , KOSOBUDZKI Mariusz
Published: January 2020

The issues of driving comfort with regard to military vehicles transporting troops with their equipment are relatively new in available articles and published studies. This paper contains some information related to the driving comfort in high-mobility multipurpose military vehicles operated by the Polish Army. The authors used a daily exposure factor A(8) to evaluate the driving comfort.
DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION AND REPAIR OF COMPOSITE ARMOUR
Authors: SZUDROWICZ Marek , ŚWIDERSKI Waldemar
Published: January 2020

Composite armour is a preferred solution against military and paramilitary threats at present. Composite armour has to be resistant against impacts of fragments and bullets as well as mines and grenades. Except visible external damage of composite armour, its internal damage is equally essential. An IR thermography non-destructive testing method was used to identify delamination areas in composite armour. The results of these tests are presented in the paper. The authors also discuss the possibilities of composite armour repair methods.
POLAND BETWEEN USSR (RUSSIA) AND FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (GERMANY) IN THE FIRST STAGE OF TRANSFORMATION (1989-1992). SELECTED PROBLEMS
Authors: KORDAS Jerzy , KUDŁASZYK Andrzej
Published: January 2020

The paper presents the first years of transformation in Polish policy referring to relations with USSR (Russia) and Federal Republic of Germany (Germany), after the year 1989.Radical reorientation of Polish foreign and commercial policy from east to west was described as well. The process was taking place smoothly not to disturb the course taken by Mikhail Gorbachev, which was supported by both Poland and the West. It rested on building bonds between Poland and Germany, which were introducing Poland to “stay for good” in the Western World. It was accompanied by building a brand new “security architecture” in Europe. It allowed to create in solely few years a foundation for durable presence of Poland in structures of the West for the first time within ages to such an extent.
THE GEOPOLITICAL ANALYSIS OF COMMUNICATIVE SYSTEM OF POLAND
Authors: FALKOWSKI Mariusz , MONDEL Antoni
Published: January 2020

The Authors of this article have presented a present state of communicative system as well as have prepared its characteristics in terms of geopolitical analysis. The text contains a description of communicative system, its analysis in terms of the meaning and influence on economic and political development of a country. It describes a need for changing its current state on the grounds of the inability to adjust new socio-economic and socio-political factors.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO DETERMINE CLASS OF VEHICLE LOAD
Authors: SKORUPKA Dariusz , DUCHACZEK Artur , KAMYK Zbigniew
Published: January 2020

The paper is an attempt to use artificial neural networks (ANN) in order to identify military load classification (MLC) of both wheeled and tracked vehicles in accordance with STANAG 2021 on the basis of the specific values of vehicle dimensions and its weight. In order to solve the problem, the authors used linear networks and a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Having analysed the MLC rating results obtained with the ANN, it has been concluded that they do not provide accuracy comparable to the one characterising analytical methods. The ANN proposed was incapable of analysing the MLC properly, in particular the MLC of those vehicles whose geometric characteristics were dissimilar to the hypothetical vehicles included in STANAG 2021 [4].
VALUES AND WORK SATISFACTION
Authors: SIUTA–STOLARSKA Beata , SIUTA-BRODZIŃSKA Matylda
Published: January 2020

In the paper the issues of work satisfaction as a part of life satisfaction were discussed. Research problem included link between terminal values, instrumental values or values connected with scientific fulfill and work satisfaction of university workers. Results of the conducted research showed, that work satisfaction is dependent from realizing terminal values in work. The more values person feels to realize, the more satisfied with the work he or she was and vice versa. Terminal values had more influence on work satisfaction than instrumental values or values connected with scientific fulfill. Analyzing the results helped to define plans of future research, showing the need to get to know causes of work satisfaction, including specific conditions of the examined profession.