bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Executive Insights: Globalization—Scale versus Sensitivity
Authors: Sorrell Martin
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on a subject with far-reaching implications for every business: the future of the relationship between consumers and the brand. At present, the marketing professional is faced with an important, gradually emerging dilemma. At a time when the consumer/brand relationship is most valued—for in its understanding lies success and profitability in every market—this relationship is simultaneously under threat of being seriously weakened.
Educator Insights: International Marketing Blunders by American Firms in Japan—Some Lessons for Management
Authors: Knight Gary A.
Published: December 2018

This article investigates separate cases of marketing blunders committed by prominent multinationals in Japan. Examined are General Mills, Avon Cosmetics, Simmons Mattress, Procter and Gamble, General Motors, Ford Motor, and Chrysler. A pattern of fundamental blunders is revealed that is common to all. This pattern and the lessons it suggests for management are discussed in detail. Suggestions are offered on how marketing blunders can best be avoided, in general, by firms seeking to sell in international markets.
A Multi-Method Examination of Buyer-Seller Interactions among Japanese and American Businesspeople
Authors: Kamins Michael A. , Johnston Wesley J. , Graham John L.
Published: December 2018

Edward T. Hall (1976) and others have told us that status and role are more important considerations in Japan than in the United States. Specifically addressed in this study is the moderating effect of culture on the relationships between negotiators’ roles (buyer or seller) and their behaviors and outcomes. A laboratory negotiation simulation was conducted with more than 200 Japanese and American businesspeople as participants, and several of the simulated negotiations were videotaped for subsequent content and sociolinguistic analyses. The integration of findings supports Hall's notion that in Japan hierarchy is more important, and indeed, Japanese buyers receive greater deference from sellers.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Market Orientation: The Case of Thailand
Authors: Powpaka Samart
Published: December 2018

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in market orientation or the implementation of the marketing concept by marketing professionals. This study addresses the issue from the foreign manager's perspective—specifically, the conceptual model of factors affecting the manager's decision to adopt the orientation is proposed and empirically tested. Findings show that the foreign manager's intention to adopt the orientation is positively affected by attitude toward market orientation and attitude toward innovation in management orientation. Attitude toward market orientation is, in turn, affected by the manager's beliefs regarding the relative advantage of market orientation, market turbulence, competitive intensity, and attitude toward innovation in management orientation. Attitude toward innovation in management orientation is, on the other hand, positively affected by the manager's innovativeness and negatively affected by opinion leadership. Theoretical contributions, managerial implications, limitations, and future research directions are also discussed.
Perspectives: The Radical Shift to Global Executive Education—A Look Back from the Year 2007
Authors: Miller Myron M.
Published: December 2018

Exciting changes have occurred in the field of management and executive education in recent years—very likely the beginnings of a revolution in this field that is expected to continue into the next decade. Already we see the signs of a major shift toward a broad context for management and executive education—that is, global leadership and learning development. This change is being driven by the needs of companies that must operate in a highly competitive global environment. These companies increasingly recognize the need to develop leaders who are equally comfortable and effective working anywhere in the world.

This article is written from the vantage point of the year 2007 to provide a perspective of how this revolution might appear as we look back at the decade from 1997 to 2007.
Executive Insights: International Partnering—A Systematic Framework for Collaborating with Foreign Business Partners
Authors: Cavusgil S. Tamer
Published: December 2018

One consequence of market globalization has been the growing incidence of collaborative ventures among companies from different countries. Small and large, experienced and novice, companies increasingly are choosing partnerships as a way to compete in the global marketplace. Motives for international collaborative ventures are varied and complex, including a desire to leverage resources and assets, retain flexibility, reduce risks, gain speed, and capitalize on each partner's strengths. The systematic framework presented here can be used by managers as a practical, ten-step approach to establishing successful collaborative ventures. The article also discusses four major types of international business partnership—distributor agreements, licensing, franchising, and joint ventures, and highlights key success factors for each.

A major player in express package delivery, United Parcel Service (UPS) has been actively globalizing its operations for more than 20 years. The company first entered Canada and Germany and then other markets without a strategic plan or much commitment. The approach was simply enter markets one by one, set up operations, and wait for the market to develop. When available, UPS acquired an existing delivery company in order to get established more quickly.

In exploring entry into Japan, UPS encountered a significant challenge. While UPS is competent in distribution and logistic networking, it knew little about the Japanese market and quickly realized that it needed a partner with customs clearance expertise. In a market well known for nontariff trade barriers, UPS also required assistance in deciphering the complex legal, structural, and political environment. A local partner would provide specific market expertise and help UPS overcome entry barriers. Furthermore, with a legacy of losing money in overseas operations, UPS did not wish to risk much capital in Japan.

For these reasons, partnering with a qualified Japanese company made most sense. Yamato of Japan emerged as a prospective partner. It was experienced, had access to distribution channels, and was well capitalized. Interestingly, when UPS began negotiations, it inquired whether Yamato would be interested in a purchase. Yamato management asked the selling price of UPS—not exactly what UPS had in mind! As it turned out, there was a good fit and sufficient rationale for the two companies to establish a strategic alliance. UPS realized that a partnership with Yamato could not be a one-way street and arranged to bring packages back to the United States for delivery from Yamato. This opened up the market in both directions for each company. Teams of employees were exchanged to learn about organization and business processes, which provided valuable experience in making each company a truly global player.
Export Performance: A Conceptualization and Empirical Assessment
Authors: Shoham Aviv
Published: December 2018

Export performance has been a central construct in the study of export marketing. Several studies have attempted to identify organizational and managerial antecedents of export performance and assess the relative importance of these antecedents. However, despite these fruitful efforts, there is little agreement in the literature about a conceptual definition of export performance, as well as about its operational definition. This article follows up on two previous articles that dealt with export performance conceptually (Madsen 1987; Shoham 1991) and uses a similar, three-dimensional conceptualization of export performance. This conceptualization is explored empirically with data from 93 Israeli exporters. The data indicate that there are indeed three dimensions to export performance, though the structure of these dimensions is somewhat different from expectations.
The Importance of Networks in Export Promotion: Policy Issues
Authors: Welch Denice E. , Welch Lawrence S. , Young Louise C. , Wilkinson Ian F.
Published: December 2018

Although the field of networks has been the subject of extensive investigation, there has been little application to policy issues connected with the internationalization of companies. This is despite the emergence of so-called network schemes in many countries, which aim at building cooperative links between small companies to exploit wider market possibilities, including those in the global arena. This article, through the evaluation of a new export promotion scheme, specifically addresses the policy issues arising when networks are both the means to achieve international market outcomes and the outcomes themselves, that is, part of the foundation for ongoing international market penetration. Furthermore, it is argued that network outcomes should be included as part of the criteria for evaluating the success of export promotion schemes.
FLAG/FLAG-IDA regimen for children with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia in the era of targeted novel therapies
Authors: Mustafa Omima , Abdalla Khalid , AlAzmi Aeshah A , Elimam Naglla , Abrar Mohammed Burhan , Jastaniah Wasil
Published: December 2018

Background

Outcomes of relapsed/refractory childhood acute leukemia remain poor. We analyzed the safety/efficacy of fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor, with/without idarubicin (FLAG ± IDA) as salvage therapy compared with recent published results of novel therapies.

Methods

This retrospective study included children aged 1 to 15 years with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia who received FLAG ± IDA salvage therapy from January 2000 to December 2014. Patients with infant leukemia, mixed lineage leukemia, Philadelphia-positive acute leukemia, or secondary leukemia were excluded.

Result

Fifty patients were identified: 25 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 25 with acute myeloid leukemia. The median age at initiation of FLAG ± IDA was seven years. Site of relapse was the bone marrow in 29, isolated central nervous system in 11, and combined in 10 patients. FLAG ± IDA was used after first relapse in 68% and after multiple relapses in 32%. Complete remission was achieved in 34 (68%) patients. No variables predictive of complete remission were identified. Grade 3 or greater toxicity was observed in 96% and 6% died from toxicity. Toxicities included hematologic toxicity (96%), infection (52%), and enterocolitis (28%). Twenty-four of 50 (48%) patients achieved a sustained complete remission and survived to bone marrow transplantation. The five-year overall survival was 23.9% ± 6.9%. Patients achieving second complete remission and patients proceeding to bone marrow transplantation following second complete remission demonstrated significantly improved overall survival (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Despite a 68% complete remission rate using FLAG ± IDA, only 48% of patients survived to bone marrow transplantation. The regimen was associated with 96% toxicity and only one in four patients was alive at five years. This underscores the need to find more effective lower toxicity salvage regimens.
Effect of encapsulation on the stability and survivability of Enterococcus faecium in a non-dairy probiotic beverage
Authors: Azarkhavarani Parisa Rajaie , Ziaee Esmaeil , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hashem
Published: December 2018

The main objectives of this work were to study the survivability of five probiotic lactobacilli strains in sour cherry juice and citrate buffer with similar pH values (pH 3.5) during storage at 4 ℃ as well as to encapsulate the strain with the least survival in calcium alginate beads. Enterococcus faecium from probiotic strains in sour cherry juice exhibited the least survival; therefore, this strain was selected for studying the protective effect of microencapsulation in calcium alginate beads. Microencapsulated probiotic cells were incorporated into sour cherry juice and then exposed to harsh conditions (e.g. heat treatment, low pH, and simulated gastrointestinal fluids). Changes in the probiotic survivability, pH and titratable acidity of sour cherry juice were monitored during 60 d. D-values of free cells, calculated at 60, 70 and 80 ℃, were 4.87, 1.48 and 0.43 min, respectively; while, those of microencapsulated cells were 9.41, 3.73 and 1.26 min, respectively. The decrease in the number of free E. faecium after exposure to low pH values (e.g. 2.5, 2 and 1.5) was 2.81, 3.74 and 4.18 log CFU/mL, respectively. Freshly prepared and 30-d old microencapsulated cells, maintained at 4 ℃ in sour cherry juice, showed 1.31, 2.13, 2.37 and 2.19, 2.46, 3.26 log CFU/mL reduction after exposure to similar pH conditions, respectively. The number of free and encapsulated probiotic cells after incubation in simulated gastric and gastrointestinal fluids was 5.86 and 4.81 and 8.05 and 6.61 log CFU/mL, respectively. The sensory attributes of probiotic sour cherry juice samples containing encapsulated cells were better than those fortified with free probiotics.
Decision-Making Deficits in ADHD Are Not Related to Risk Seeking But to Suboptimal Decision-Making: Meta-Analytical and Novel Experimental Evidence
Authors: Dekkers Tycho J. , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Huizenga Hilde M. , Raber Hamutal , Shoham Rachel , Popma Arne , Pollak Yehuda
Published: December 2018

Objective: ADHD is related to decision-making deficits in real-life (e.g., substance abuse) and on experimental tasks (increased preference for risky options). In most tasks, risk and expected value are confounded (risky options have lowest expected value), making it impossible to disentangle risky from suboptimal (i.e., not choosing highest expected value) decision-making. We differentiated between risky and suboptimal decision-making in ADHD in two studies. Method and Results: First, on a multilevel meta-regression analysis ( k = 48, n_ADHD = 1,144, n_Control = 1,108), ADHD and controls differed if the risky option was suboptimal (ADHD choosing more risky/suboptimal), whereas groups performed similar if the risky option was not suboptimal. Second, an empirical study showed that adults with ADHD ( n = 40) made more suboptimal, but not more risky choices than controls ( n = 40). Conclusion: These results contribute to a growing body of evidence that decision-making deficits in ADHD are driven by suboptimal decision-making and not by risk seeking.
Impulsivity as an Endophenotype in ADHD: Negative Findings
Authors: Figueiredo Tiago , Fortes Dídia , Erthal Pilar , Bortolini Tiago , Segenreich Daniel , Malloy-Diniz Leandro , Mattos Paulo
Published: December 2018

Impulsivity has a strong genetic component and is considered an endophenotype in many psychiatric disorders. Impulsivity in adult ADHD has become a focus of interest more recently because of its suggested prominence in this age. Objective: This study aimed to access self-reported impulsivity levels in biological parents of ADHD offspring, according to their status: non-ADHD (controls), remitted, nonremitted. Method: Impulsivity levels of 155 parents of ADHD children were compared according to their status using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Results: The ADHD group presented the highest levels of impulsivity compared with all other groups. The remitted ADHD and control groups showed no significant differences in impulsivity levels. Conclusion: Impulsivity tended to remit alongside ADHD symptoms in remitters and to persist in those presenting with the residual form of adult ADHD suggesting it should not be considered as an endophenotype. Only the attentional dimension was impaired, cautioning against Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition ( DSM-5) impulsivity proposed criteria.
Within-Group Agreement (rWG): Two Theoretical Parameters and their Estimators
Authors: Newman Daniel A. , Sin Hock-Peng
Published: December 2018

When measuring group-level psychological properties (e.g., organizational climate, leadership, team motivation), researchers typically aggregate individual perceptions to represent the group. L. R. James provided the groundbreaking insight that, in order to justify aggregating individual perceptions to represent a group-level property, one must first establish that there exist shared perceptions—or shared psychological meaning—within the group. Here we label and describe two distinct theoretical parameters that can both be used to define within-group agreement: (a) [Formula: see text] (i.e., a parameter that defines within-group agreement as Individual True-Score Consensus), which arises from the theoretical work of L. R. James and colleagues in the 1970s, and (b) [Formula: see text] (i.e., a parameter that treats within-group agreement as a Group True-Score Reliability Analog), which forms the theoretical basis for the [Formula: see text] index. We extend the work of L. R. James by offering a systematic comparison of different estimators of the two within-group agreement parameters ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Recommendations are provided for estimating within-group agreement, to continue the legacy of justified measurement of group-level psychological properties.
Transjugular percutaneous endovascular treatment of dysfunctional hemodialysis access
Authors: Kim Jin Ho , Cho Sung Bum , Kim Yun Hwan , Chung Hwan Hoon , Lee Seung Hwa , Sung Deuk Jae
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the feasibility and the outcomes of transjugular percutaneous endovascular treatment of dysfunctional hemodialysis access in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods:

A total of 50 transjugular treatments in 38 patients with arteriovenous fistulas or arteriovenous grafts from September 2011 to May 2015 were included in this study. Medical records and angiographies were retrospectively reviewed. Success rate, patency rate, procedure time, and complications including internal jugular vein stenosis were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 50 sessions of transjugular treatments were performed in 38 patients. There were 31 native arteriovenous fistulas including 10 immature cases and 19 arteriovenous grafts. Among the 50 cases, technical success was achieved in 45 and clinical success was achieved in 44; 37 cases (74%) with multiple stenotic sites were treated by the transjugular approach without placement of cross-sheaths. The mean time from puncture of the internal jugular vein to first fistulography was 10 min, and the mean total procedure time was 64 min. The primary patency rate at 6 months was 77%, while the secondary patency rate at 6 months was 97%. Perforation occurred in two cases during conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty after failure of the transjugular approach. One dissection occurred during the transjugular approach. There was no newly developed internal jugular vein stenosis during a mean follow-up period of 19.3 months.

Conclusion:

For the treatment of dysfunctional or immature hemodialysis access, the transjugular approach is a feasible and effective option that avoids injury to the graft or draining vein, especially in immature fistulas.
Responsible gambling in practice: A case study of views and practices of Swedish oriented gambling companies
Authors: Forsström David , Cisneros Örnberg Jenny
Published: December 2018

The Swedish gambling market faces a major change in legislation that will allow foreign-based companies to apply for a gambling licence in Sweden. A key element in the new legislation are consumer protection measures. The Swedish gambling market is currently divided between licensed companies and non-Swedish-based companies providing online gambling services without a licence in Sweden. How these companies view their responsibility for preventing gambling-related harm and how prepared they are for the new regulations are important questions regarding the new Swedish gambling market.

Aims:

To compare and analyse the views and practices on problem gambling and responsible gambling (RG) measures among licensed and unlicensed gambling companies on the Swedish market.

Design/Methods/Data:

Eleven semi-structured interviews were carried out with responsible gambling managers who are members of either of the two Swedish industry associations. Content analysis was used to analyse the interviews.

Results:

Non-licensed companies have implemented behaviour tracking and monitoring of gamblers in a more extensive way than licensed companies. Both the licensed and the unlicensed companies conceptualise problem gambling in a similar manner and rely on informed choice in preventing gamblers from developing problems, seemingly arguing that offering responsible gambling measures on their website is enough.

Conclusions:

There are several similarities in how the two types of companies define problem gambling and responsible gambling. Both groups lack a critical perspective when discussing RG. There is a need for companies not only to provide RG measures, but to take an active role in preventing harm among gamblers. Future research should focus on exploring how companies work with RG after the legislative change.
The differences in the vibrational signals between male O. bicornis from three countries in Europe
Authors: Conrad Taina , Ayasse Manfred
Published: December 2018

Research into vibrational communication is becoming increasingly important as we discover more species using vibrational signals in different types of behavior. Males of the solitary red mason bee, Osmia bicornis, are known to use vibrations in female choice, where the females not only evaluate a male’s fitness through their vibrational signal but also use them to distinguish between males of different origins. This was shown conclusively via bioassays, in which females from Germany rejected English males unless they were imbued with an artificial German signal and vice versa. However, an investigation into which parameters of the signal might differ between species and populations has been lacking so far. We therefore recorded O. bicornis as well as O. cornuta males from Germany, England, and Denmark using a laser vibrometer and analyzed the recordings using the software Spike to measure frequency, modulation range, and average pulse duration in each signal. Our results clearly showed significant differences in the signal between O. bicornis and O. cornuta males in all three parameters measured. O. bicornis populations from Germany and Denmark surprisingly also differed significantly in frequency and modulation range, with England lying in between the two. We believe that the females probably use another signal parameter that we have not evaluated yet to make their mate choice. This leaves us with the question of why the observed signal parameters differ between Germany and Denmark. From our knowledge about the system to date, we believe that we are looking at the first steps of speciation in this system and further study could help us with new insights into evolutionary processes in the future.
Analyzing inter-state negotiations in the Eurozone crisis and beyond
Authors: Frieden Jeffry , Walter Stefanie
Published: December 2018

Analyzing international negotiations among the member states of the European Union raises a number of analytical issues, especially in unusual circumstances such as the Eurozone crisis. Our article discusses these issues in the light of existing theory and informed by the empirical analyses assembled in this special issue. ‘National preferences’ or ideal points of the governments involved are driven by their domestic socio-economic and political conditions and institutions, the dimensionality of the negotiations, and strategic considerations. We then discuss how national preferences, states’ bargaining power, the strategic and institutional bargaining context, and the bargaining dynamics jointly influence the bargaining outcome. Examples from European negotiations in the context of the Eurozone crisis illustrate both the complexity of the process and the value of serious, theoretically informed, empirical analysis.
Investigation of turbulence–chemistry interactions in a heavy-duty diesel engine with a representative interactive linear eddy model
Authors: Lackmann Tim , Nygren Andreas , Karlsson Anders , Oevermann Michael
Published: December 2018

Simulations of a heavy-duty diesel engine operated at high-load and low-load conditions were compared to each other, and experimental data in order to evaluate the influence of turbulence–chemistry interactions on heat release, pressure development, flame structure, and temperature development are quantified. A recently developed new combustion model for turbulent diffusion flames called representative interactive linear eddy model which features turbulence–chemistry interaction was compared to a well-stirred reactor model which neglects the influence of turbulent fluctuations on the mean reaction rate. All other aspects regarding the spray combustion simulation like spray break-up, chemical mechanism, and boundary conditions within the combustion chamber were kept the same in both simulations. In this article, representative interactive linear eddy model is extended with a progress variable, which enables the model to account for a flame lift-off and split injection, when it is used for diffusion combustion. In addition, the extended version of representative interactive linear eddy model offers the potential to treat partially premixed and premixed combustion as well. The well-stirred reactor model was tuned to match the experimental results, thus computed pressure and apparent heat release are in close agreement with the experimental data. Representative interactive linear eddy model was not tuned specifically for the case and thus the computed results for pressure and heat release are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. The computational results show that the interaction of the turbulent flow field and the chemistry reduce the peak temperatures and broaden up the turbulent flame structure. Since this is the first study of a real combustion engine (metal engine) with the newly developed model, representative interactive linear eddy model appears as a promising candidate for predictions of spray combustion in engines, especially in combustion regimes where turbulence–chemistry interaction plays an even more important role like, example given, in low-temperature combustion or combustion with local extinction and re-ignition.
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry analysis of diarylquinoline diastereomers: Drugs used for tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Domalain Virginie , Hubert-Roux Marie , Quéguiner Laurence , Fouque Dany JD , Arnoult Eric , Speybrouck David , Guillemont Jérôme , Afonso Carlos
Published: December 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection results in more than two million deaths per year and is the leading cause of mortality in people infected with HIV. A new structural class of antimycobacterials, the diarylquinolines, has been synthesized and is being highly effective against both M. tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. As diarylquinolines are biologically active only under their ( R,S) stereoisomeric form, it is essential to differentiate the stereoisomers ( R,S) and ( R,R). To achieve this, tandem mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry have been performed with 10 diarylquinoline diastereomers couples. In this study, we investigated cationization with alkali metal cations and several ion mobility drift gases in order to obtain diastereomer differentiations. We have shown that diastereomers of the diarylquinolines family can be differentiated separately by tandem mass spectrometry and in mixture by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. However, although the structure of each diastereomer is close, several behaviors could be observed concerning the cationization and the ion mobility spectrometry separation. The ion mobility spectrometry isomer separation efficiency is not easily predictable; it was however observed for all diastereomeric couples with a significant improvement of separation using alkali adducts compared to protonated molecules. With the use of drift gas with higher polarizability only an improvement of separation was obtained in a few cases. Finally, a good correlation of the experimental collision cross section (relative to three-dimensional structure of ions) and the theoretical collision cross section has been shown.
Science and semiotics: What’s the relationship?
Authors: Lawes Rachel
Published: December 2018

This article considers the relationship of semiotics to science. A history of semiotics is provided. Questions are addressed of whether semiotics is empirical and what is distinctive about semiotic approaches to the inbuilt challenges of science such as controlling for bias. These scientific matters are supplemented by a discussion of the use and purpose of art in semiotics. The second half of the article demonstrates semiotic technique by applying it to debates within the market research community over the scientific status of semiotics, behavioral economics, neuromarketing, and neuroscience. Provisional conclusions are drawn regarding the fate of new market research methods within these debates, and recommendations for further investigation are offered.
Marketing Brexit: An exploratory study of young voter engagement in relation to the EU referendum
Authors: Pich Christopher , Harvey John , Armannsdottir Guja , Poorrezaei Mojtaba , Branco-Illodo Ines , Kincaid Andrew
Published: December 2018

This article presents a study of young voter engagement in relation to the EU referendum—a democratic vote on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union. Using the marketing concept of engagement, we examine how young voters engaged cognitively, emotionally, and behaviorally with the referendum and its associated campaigns. A mixed-method study combining multiple-phase questionnaires, longitudinal social network analysis of Twitter, and sentiment analysis provides a rich empirical description of young voter engagement. The findings reveal that young voter engagement is multi-faceted and varies enormously across our sample, particularly for behavioral engagement online. We subsequently question the analytical relevance of the engagement construct for political marketing before developing a typology to classify young voters according to the variance and extent of their specific engagement profile, which we define as “Prototypical Engagement Persona.” We conclude the article by presenting an agenda for future research on young voter engagement.
Modal analysis of the laminar boundary layer instability and tonal noise of an airfoil at Reynolds number 150,000
Authors: Sanjose Marlene , Towne Aaron , Jaiswal Prateek , Moreau Stephane , Lele Sanjiva , Mann Adrien
Published: December 2018

A direct numerical simulation of the flow field around a controlled-diffusion airfoil within an anechoic wind-tunnel at [Formula: see text] incidence and a high Reynolds number of [Formula: see text] is performed for the first time using a lattice Boltzmann method. The simulation compares favorably with experimental measurements of wall-pressure, wake statistics, and far-field sound. The simulation noticeably captures experimentally observed high-amplitude acoustic tones that rise above a broadband hump. Both noise components are related to a breathing of a recirculation bubble formed around 65–70% of the chord, and to Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities in the separated shear layer that yield rollers that break down into turbulent vortices whose diffraction at the trailing edge produces a strong dipole acoustic field. A wavelet analysis of the wall-pressure signals combined with some flow visualization has shown that the flow statistics are dominated by intense events caused by intermittent, large and intense bursting rollers. Several modal analyses of these events are performed on both the wall-pressure fluctuations and the span averaged flow field in order to analyse the boundary layer instability which triggers the typical sharp tones over a broadband hump in airfoil noise. A suction side Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is observed to be coupled with a pressure side vortex shedding induced by the sudden transition to turbulence and the blunt trailing edge.
Burnout and Quality of Work Life Among Nurse Practitioners in Ventricular Assist Device Programs in the United States
Authors: Casida Jesus M. , Combs Pamela , Schroeder Sarah E. , Johnson Caty
Published: December 2018

Background:

A mixed-method study of role stress and work intensity among nurse practitioners (NPs) in mechanical circulatory support (MCS) programs in the United States reported a qualitative data related to burnout. We empirically investigated this phenomenon by pursuing the following specific aims: (1) describe levels of personal burnout (PB), work-related (WB) burnout, and client-related burnout (CB) and quality of work life (QOWL) among MCS-NPs; (2) determine the relationship between burnout and QOWL variables; and (3) identify which type of burnout is a predictor of QOWL.

Methods:

We employed an exploratory correlational research design. Demographics, work characteristics, and psychometrically robust measures of burnout and QOWL were completed by 47 MCS-NPs from various regions of the United States. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:

Higher levels of burnout (PB, WB, and CB) were associated with lower levels of QOWL ( r = −.52 to −.64, P < .001). Of the 3 types of burnout, WB burnout showed a significant predictor of QOWL ( R2 = .44, P < .01). Multiple regression models showed that a 1 point increase in mean score of WB would decrease a mean QOWL score by 0.64 after controlling the effect of PB and CB. Some dimensions of QOWL were associated with work/hospital characteristics ( r > −.30, P values <.05).

Conclusion:

Work-related burnout is negatively associated with low QOWL among NPs. Hospital/work environment was contributing factors to high burnout and low QOWL. Further research is needed to confirm the findings including the effect of burnout and QOWL on patient and ventricular assist device program outcomes.
Initial Validation of an Elementary Version of the Positive Family Support Strengths and Needs Assessment
Authors: Garbacz S. Andrew , Beattie Tiffany , Masser Julianne , DeGarmo Dave
Published: December 2018

The purpose of the present study was to conduct an initial validation of the Positive Family Support–Strengths and Needs Assessment (PFS-SaNA) for elementary school children. The PFS-SaNA is designed as a universal screener wherein parents report on common areas their children may need additional support. Parents of children attending one elementary school participated in two consecutive years. A total of 627 parents of elementary school children participated (Year 1 = 368, Year 2 = 259). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted across Years 1 and 2 and a replicability test compared item loadings from Year 1 and Year 2. Finally, evidence of external validity was examined. Results suggested the PFS-SaNA is unidimensional with findings indicating item loadings replicated from Year 1 to Year 2. Finally, evidence of external validity was found. Implications for the PFS-SaNA as a universal parent screener that can be embedded in a multiple gating risk management strategy in elementary school are discussed.
Texture Evolution in Hydroentangled Nonwovens
Authors: Berkalp O.B. , Pourdeyhimi B. , Seyam A.
Published: December 2018

We recently reported on a co-occurrence-based method for texture analysis. This paper uses this texture analysis method to examine the development of the texture during hydroentangling as a function process conditions. We report on the development of texture as a function of hydroentangling energy. Energy was varied by controlling the pressure and number of passes. All fabrics were produced using the same web on the same forming belt substrate. Our preliminary data indicate that the degree of texture definition increases as a function of pressure up to a point and then begins to deteriorate.
Influence of Processing Conditions on Melt Blown Web Structure: Part 1 – DCD
Authors: Bresee Randall R. , Qureshi Uzair A.
Published: December 2018

We begin an effort to quantitatively measure the influence of processing conditions on the detailed structure of commercial polypropylene melt blown (MB) webs. In this paper, we report the influence of die-to-collector distance (DCD) on fiber entanglement, fiber orientation and pore structure in webs. This enabled us to quantify the influence of DCD on web structure as well as achieve greater understanding of the commercial MB process.
Influence of Fiber Type on Fiberweb Properties in High-Speed Carding
Authors: Doguc N. B. , Seyam Abdelfattah M. , Oxenham William
Published: December 2018

The performance of four different fiber types processed at two different carding speeds of 85 and 120 m/min, under fixed operating conditions, was assessed. The totally novel approach of fixing the fiber diameter was used in the experiments. To serve this purpose, we designed four different fibers. In addition, we fixed the number of fibers per unit area of the carded web so as to create constant carding conditions for all experimental fibers. The fixed number of fibers per unit area was achieved by carding the same number of fibers per unit time for a given speed. We took samples from different parts of the card and analyzed them in order to enumerate the effect of fiber type on cardability. Fiberweb uniformity was regarded as a key parameter for assessing the cardability. Several other web and fiber parameters were measured in order to augment the understanding of the role of fiber type in high-speed carding. In general, data revealed that fiberweb uniformity did not significantly differ among fiber types at the two carding speeds 85 m/min and 120 m/min.
Meltblown Structures Formed by Robotic and Meltblowing Integrated System: The Influence of the Curvature of Collector on the Structural Properties of Meltblown Fiberwebs
Authors: Velu Yogeshwar K. , Seyam Abdelfattah M. , Ghosh Tushar K.
Published: December 2018

Meltblown nonwovens have been produced as 2D web structures for a variety of end uses. Investigation into the development of 3D structures, has led to the integration of meltblown and robotic technology to form the Robotic Fiber Assembly and Control System. The effect of curvature of the collecting surface on the structural properties of the webs such as the diameter and orientation distributions of the fibers and the pore size distribution on the webs has been investigated. The relative frequency of fibers oriented in the machine direction increased significantly when the curvature of the collecting surface increased, while the average pore size of the web decreases due to the increased orientation of fibers in the direction of collection.
An Examination of the Hydroentangling Process Variables
Authors: Seyam A. M. , Shiffler D. A.
Published: December 2018

Fabric response to hydroentangling process variables is usually presented as a plot of energy consumed / kg of fabric produced. This paper presents a simple mechanical model describing the transformation of a random fiber web into a hydroentangled fabric having a clearly defined cellular structure dependent on the forming wire. The model indicates that only a tiny fraction of the energy supplied by the entangling jets is consumed in the production of the fabric. Low speed hydroentangling data for nylon 66, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene terephthalate (PTT), and polypropylene (PP) fibers using very different forming wires indicate that force acting on the fiber, not energy, is the important variable.
Predictive Test Methods for Acrylic Thermoset Binders
Authors: Gap-pert Griffin , Nakatani Alan , Weinstein Barry
Published: December 2018

Safety and health concerns about the use of formaldehyde based thermosets has sparked investigation into alternative, safe thermoset binders. Predicting the performance of thermosetting binders in industrial nonwoven applications, such as the manufacturing of fiberglass building insulation, is key to the development of new, safe binder technology. Reliably predictive laboratory scale experiments facilitate rapid testing of small quantities of experimental binder formulations without the cost and inconvenience associated with full-scale plant trials. The challenge is to mimic key aspects of the industrial process on the laboratory scale. The gap between laboratory and manufacturing environment is exacerbated when making large changes in resin chemistry or formulation, for example, using acrylic thermoset resins such as TSET#1™, in place of phenol-formaldehyde resins. We have developed a battery of laboratory scale tests to assess acrylic thermosetting binders in a fiberglass insulation process. These methods focus on binder cure properties, binder-substrate interactions, or other processing aspects. Aspects of testing such as surrogate substrate materials, time-temperature history, and humid aging are discussed. Each method provides an insight to one aspect of binder performance, and, taken in aggregate, the data from these techniques can be used as a tool to predict binder performance on the plant scale.
Improving Strength and Quality of Epitendinous Repairs
Authors: Farinas Angel , Stephanides Michael , Schneeberger Steven , Pollins Alonda , Cardwell Nancy , Thayer Wesley P.
Published: December 2018

Background: Epitendinous sutures not only join the 2 severed tendon edges but also supply strength and support to the repair. Multiple techniques have been described, but none of them include another thread of suture. This could potentially increase the strength of the repair without affecting gliding. Methods: Caprine tendons were harvested, transected, and sutured with 6-0 Prolene. Four groups were created: single thread running (SR), single thread locking (SL), double thread running (DR), and double thread locking (DL). An Instron 5542 was used to pull the repaired tendons apart, and the energy at the break was calculated (gf/mm). For gliding resistance, we harvested a human A2 pulley. A pre- and postrepair value was obtained, and a ratio was elaborated. A single-factor analysis of variance and independent sample t tests were performed. Results: The SR group had a mean energy at break of 9339.71 ± 1630.212 gf/mm; the SL group, 9629.96 ± 1476.45 gf/mm; and the DR group, 9600.221 ± 976.087 gf/mm, with no statistical significance. The DL group was significantly higher at 14 740.664 ± 2596.586 gf/mm ( P < .05). When comparing SR with DL for gliding, SR had less than half of the resistance than DL (0.018 ± 0.004 and 0.049 ± 0.015 N/mm, respectively), with statistical significance ( P < .05). Conclusion: Using a single suture thread for running epitendinous repair is no different than locking with a single thread or using an extra thread in a running fashion. Performing a double suture thread with a locking technique is significantly stronger than the previously mentioned repairs, with the disadvantage of more resistance at the pulley.
Study on the variational-difference-based design and slow tool servo turning of progressive addition lenses
Authors: Kang Min , Yang Jun , Wang Xingsheng , Chen Xu
Published: December 2018

Nowadays, progressive addition lenses are widely applied to correct people’s vision disorders, but the design and machining of progressive addition lenses are still difficult. Generally, a progressive addition lens has a freeform front surface and a spherical back surface. In this article, the design of the front surface was simplified as a minimization problem of a functional, and the solution was obtained directly using a variational-difference method. After solving this problem, the description of the surface was discussed, and an evaluation method was proposed to analyze the fitting accuracy of Zernike polynomial method and B-spline interpolation method with different degrees. As a result, the progressive addition lens surface was constructed by the method with smaller fitting error. Moreover, a new generation algorithm of entrance parameters for tool path generation was put forward, which can reduce the interpolation error. The experimental results indicate that the design method was feasible and the machined surface quality was satisfactory using the proposed algorithm.
An adaptive approach to compensate seam tracking error in robotic welding process by a moving fixture
Authors: Ebrahimpour Reza , Fesharakifard Rasul , Rezaei Seyed Mehdi
Published: December 2018

Welding is one of the most common method of connecting parts. Welding methods and processes are very diverse. Welding can be of fusion or solid state types. Arc welding, which is classified as fusion method, is the most widespread method of welding, and it involves many processes. In gas metal arc welding or metal inert gas–metal active gas, the protection of the molten weld pool is carried out by a shielding gas and the filler metal is in the form of wire which is automatically fed to the molten weld pool. As a semi-metallic arc process, the gas metal arc welding is a very good process for robotic welding. In this article, to conduct the metal active gas welding torch, an auxiliary ball screw servomechanism is proposed to move under a welder robot to track the welded seam. This servomechanism acts as a moving fixture and operates separately from the robot. At last, a decentralized control method based on adaptive sliding mode is designed and implemented on the fixture to provide the desired motion. Experimental results demonstrate an appropriate accuracy of seam tracking and error compensation by the proposed method.
Distraction by deviant sounds during reading: An eye-movement study
Authors: Vasilev Martin R , Parmentier Fabrice BR , Angele Bernhard , Kirkby Julie A
Published: December 2018

Oddball studies have shown that sounds unexpectedly deviating from an otherwise repeated sequence capture attention away from the task at hand. While such distraction is typically regarded as potentially important in everyday life, previous work has so far not examined how deviant sounds affect performance on more complex daily tasks. In this study, we developed a new method to examine whether deviant sounds can disrupt reading performance by recording participants’ eye movements. Participants read single sentences in silence and while listening to task-irrelevant sounds. In the latter condition, a 50-ms sound was played contingent on the fixation of five target words in the sentence. On most occasions, the same tone was presented (standard sound), whereas on rare and unexpected occasions it was replaced by white noise (deviant sound). The deviant sound resulted in significantly longer fixation durations on the target words relative to the standard sound. A time-course analysis showed that the deviant sound began to affect fixation durations around 180 ms after fixation onset. Furthermore, deviance distraction was not modulated by the lexical frequency of target words. In summary, fixation durations on the target words were longer immediately after the presentation of the deviant sound, but there was no evidence that it interfered with the lexical processing of these words. The present results are in line with the recent proposition that deviant sounds yield a temporary motor suppression and suggest that deviant sounds likely inhibit the programming of the next saccade.