bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large hemispheric difference in nucleation mode aerosol concentrations in the lowermost stratosphere at mid- and high latitudes
Authors: Williamson Christina J. , Kupc Agnieszka , Rollins Andrew , Kazil Jan , Froyd Karl D. , Ray Eric A. , Murphy Daniel M. , Schill Gregory P. , Peischl Jeff , Thompson Chelsea , Bourgeois Ilann , Ryerson Thomas B. , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Blake Donald R. , Bui Thao Paul V. , Dollner Maximilian , Weinzierl Bernadett , Brock Charles A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The details of aerosol processes and size distributions
in the stratosphere are important for both heterogeneous chemistry and
aerosol–radiation interactions. Using in situ, global-scale measurements of
the size distribution of particles with diameters > 3 nm from the
NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom), we identify a mode of aerosol
smaller than 12 nm in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) at mid- and high
latitudes. This mode is substantial only in the Northern Hemisphere (NH)
and was observed in all four seasons. We also observe elevated SO2, an
important precursor for new particle formation (NPF) and growth, in the NH
LMS. We use box modelling and thermodynamic calculations to show that NPF
can occur in the LMS conditions observed on ATom. Aircraft emissions are
shown as likely sources of this SO2, as well as a potential source of
nucleation mode particles directly emitted by or formed in the plume of the
engines. These nucleation mode particles have the potential to grow to
larger sizes and to coagulate with larger aerosol, affecting heterogeneous
chemistry and aerosol–radiation interactions. Understanding all sources and
characteristics of stratospheric aerosols is important in the context of
anthropogenic climate change as well as proposals for climate intervention
via stratospheric sulfur injection. This analysis not only adds to the,
currently sparse, observations of the global impact of aviation, but also
introduces another aspect of climate influence, namely a size distribution
shift of the background aerosol distribution in the LMS.
Urban organic aerosol composition in eastern China differs from north to south: molecular insight from a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) study
Authors: Wang Kai , Huang Ru-Jin , Brüggemann Martin , Zhang Yun , Yang Lu , Ni Haiyan , Guo Jie , Wang Meng , Han Jiajun , Bilde Merete , Glasius Marianne , Hoffmann Thorsten
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Air pollution by particulate matter in China affects human health, the
ecosystem and the climate. However, the chemical composition of particulate
aerosol, especially of the organic fraction, is still not well understood.
In this study, particulate aerosol samples with a diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) were collected in January 2014 in three cities located
in northeast, east and southeast China, namely Changchun, Shanghai and
Guangzhou. Organic aerosol (OA) in the PM2.5 samples was analyzed by an
ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) coupled to
a high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer in both negative mode (ESI-)
and positive mode electrospray ionization (ESI+). After non-target
screening including the assignment of molecular formulas, the compounds were
classified into five groups based on their elemental composition, i.e., CHO,
CHON, CHN, CHOS and CHONS. The CHO, CHON and CHN groups present the dominant
signal abundances of 81 %–99.7 % in the mass spectra and the majority of
these compounds were assigned to mono- and polyaromatics, suggesting that
anthropogenic emissions are a major source of urban OA in all three cities.
However, the chemical characteristics of these compounds varied between the
different cities. The degree of aromaticity and the number of polyaromatic
compounds were substantially higher in samples from Changchun, which could
be attributed to the large emissions from residential heating (i.e., coal
combustion) during wintertime in northeast China. Moreover, the ESI-
analysis showed higher H/C and O/C ratios for organic compounds in Shanghai
and Guangzhou compared to samples from Changchun, indicating that OA
undergoes more intense photochemical oxidation processes in lower-latitude
regions of China and/or is affected to a larger degree by biogenic sources.
The majority of sulfur-containing compounds (CHOS and CHONS) in all cities
were assigned to aliphatic compounds with low degrees of unsaturation and
aromaticity. Here again, samples from Shanghai and Guangzhou show a greater
chemical similarity but differ largely from those from Changchun. It should
be noted that the conclusions drawn in this study are mainly based on
comparison of molecular formulas weighted by peak abundance and thus are
associated with inherent uncertainties due to different ionization
efficiencies for different organic species.
tTEM20AAR: a benchmark geophysical data set for unconsolidated fluvioglacial sediments
Authors: Neven Alexis , Maurya Pradip Kumar , Christiansen Anders Vest , Renard Philippe
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Quaternary deposits are complex and heterogeneous. They contain some of the most abundant and extensively used aquifers. In order to improve the knowledge of the spatial heterogeneity of such deposits, we acquired a large (1500 ha) and dense (20 m spacing) time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) data set in the upper Aare Valley, Switzerland (available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4269887; Neven et al., 2020). TDEM is a fast and reliable method to measure the magnetic field directly related to the resistivity of the underground. In this paper, we present the inverted resistivity models derived from this acquisition. The depth of investigation ranges between 40 and 120 m, with an average data residual contained in the standard deviation of the data. These data can be used for many different purposes: from sedimentological interpretation of quaternary environments in alpine environments, geological and hydrogeological modeling, to benchmarking geophysical inversion techniques.
Social dilemmas and poor water quality in private water systems
Authors: Penny Gopal , Bolster Diogo , Müller Marc F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Private water supply systems consisting of a domestic well and septic system are used throughout the world where households lack access to public water supply and sewers. In residential areas with high housing density, septic contamination of private wells is common and associated with multiple health concerns. This situation can give rise to social dilemmas, where individual costs dis-incentivize homeowners from investing in enhanced septic systems that would reduce well contamination and bring communal benefits. We combine a stylized game-theoretical model with a probabilistic groundwater model to characterize how economic and hydrogeological conditions interact to produce misaligned incentives conducive to social dilemmas. The occurrence of social dilemmas depends on the relative costs of well contamination versus the cost of installing an enhanced septic treatment system, and the relative probabilities of cross-contamination versus self-contamination. The game reveals three three types of social dilemmas that occur in such systems, with each calling for distinct policy solutions. We demonstrate how the model can be applied to existing systems using a case study of St Joseph County, Indiana, where high nitrate contamination rates have raised public health concerns. This analysis represents a step towards identifying alternative policy solutions for a problem that has remained difficult to address for decades.
Extended Bloch–McConnell equations for mechanistic analysis of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance experiments on enzyme systems
Authors: Eykyn Thomas R. , Elliott Stuart J. , Kuchel Philip W.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We describe an approach to formulating the kinetic master
equations of the time evolution of NMR signals in reacting (bio)chemical
systems. Special focus is given to studies that employ signal enhancement
(hyperpolarization) methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization
(dDNP) and involving nuclear spin-bearing solutes that undergo reactions
mediated by enzymes and membrane transport proteins. We extend the work
given in a recent presentation on this topic (Kuchel and
Shishmarev, 2020) to now include enzymes with two or more substrates and
various enzyme reaction mechanisms as classified by Cleland, with particular
reference to non-first-order processes. Using this approach, we can address some pressing questions in the field from a theoretical standpoint. For
example, why does binding of a hyperpolarized substrate to an enzyme not cause
an appreciable loss of the signal from the substrate or product? Why does
the concentration of an unlabelled pool of substrate, for example 12C
lactate, cause an increase in the rate of exchange of the 13C-labelled pool? To what extent is the equilibrium position of the reaction perturbed
during administration of the substrate? The formalism gives a full
mechanistic understanding of the time courses derived and is of relevance to
ongoing clinical trials using these techniques.
Neogene kinematics of the Giudicarie Belt and eastern Southern Alpine orogenic front (northern Italy)
Authors: Verwater Vincent F. , Le Breton Eline , Handy Mark R. , Picotti Vincenzo , Jozi Najafabadi Azam , Haberland Christian
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into Europe led to major
modifications of the Alpine orogenic structures and style of deformation in
the Eastern and Southern Alps. The Giudicarie Belt is a prime example of
this, as it offsets the entire Alpine orogenic edifice; its activity has
been kinematically linked to strike-slip faulting and lateral extrusion of
the Eastern Alps. Remaining questions on the exact role of this
fold-and-thrust belt in the structure of the Alpine orogen at depth
necessitate a quantitative analysis of the shortening, kinematics, and depth
of decoupling beneath the Giudicarie Belt and adjacent parts of the Southern
Alps. Tectonic balancing of a network of seven cross sections through the
Giudicarie Belt parallel to the local NNW–SSE shortening direction reveals
that this belt comprises two kinematic domains that accommodated different
amounts of shortening during overlapping times. These two domains are
separated by the NW–SE-oriented strike-slip Trento-Cles–Schio-Vicenza
fault system, which offsets the Southern Alpine orogenic front in the south
and merges with the Northern Giudicarie Fault in the north. The SW kinematic
domain (Val Trompia sector) accommodated at least ∼ 18 km of
Late Oligocene to Early Miocene shortening. Since the Middle Miocene, this
domain experienced at least ∼ 12–22 km shortening, whereas the
NE kinematic domain accommodated at least ∼ 25–35 km
shortening. Together, these domains contributed an estimated minimum of
∼ 40–47 km of sinistral strike-slip motion along the Northern
Giudicarie Fault, implying that most offset of the Periadriatic Fault is due
to Late Oligocene to Neogene indentation of the Adriatic plate into the
Eastern Alps. Moreover, the faults linking the Giudicarie Belt with the
Northern Giudicarie Fault reach ∼ 15–20 km depth, indicating a
thick-skinned tectonic style of deformation. These fault detachments may
also connect at depth with a lower crustal Adriatic wedge that protruded
north of the Periadriatic Fault and are responsible for N–S shortening and
eastward, orogen-parallel escape of deeply exhumed units in the Tauern
Window. Finally, the E–W lateral variation of shortening across the
Giudicarie Belt indicates internal deformation and lateral variation in
strength of the Adriatic indenter related to Permian–Mesozoic tectonic
structures and paleogeographic zones.
Interannual variability in Transpolar Drift summer sea ice thickness and potential impact of Atlantification
Authors: Belter H. Jakob , Krumpen Thomas , von Albedyll Luisa , Alekseeva Tatiana A. , Birnbaum Gerit , Frolov Sergei V. , Hendricks Stefan , Herber Andreas , Polyakov Igor , Raphael Ian , Ricker Robert , Serovetnikov Sergei S. , Webster Melinda , Haas Christian
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Changes in Arctic sea ice thickness are the result of complex interactions of the dynamic and variable ice cover with atmosphere and ocean. Most of the sea ice exiting the Arctic Ocean does so through Fram Strait, which is why long-term measurements of ice thickness at the end of the Transpolar Drift provide insight into the integrated signals of thermodynamic and dynamic influences along the pathways of Arctic sea ice. We present an updated summer (July–August) time series of extensive ice thickness surveys carried out at the end of the Transpolar Drift between 2001 and 2020. Overall, we see a more than 20 % thinning of modal ice thickness since 2001. A comparison of this time series with first preliminary results from the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) shows that the modal summer thickness of the MOSAiC floe and its wider vicinity are consistent with measurements from previous years at the end of the Transpolar Drift. By combining this unique time series with the Lagrangian sea ice tracking tool, ICETrack, and a simple thermodynamic sea ice growth model, we link the observed interannual ice thickness variability north of Fram Strait to increased drift speeds along the Transpolar Drift and the consequential variations in sea ice age. We also show that the increased influence of upward-directed ocean heat flux in the eastern marginal ice zones, termed Atlantification, is not only responsible for sea ice thinning in and around the Laptev Sea but also that the induced thickness anomalies persist beyond the Russian shelves and are potentially still measurable at the end of the Transpolar Drift after more than a year. With a tendency towards an even faster Transpolar Drift, winter sea ice growth will have less time to compensate for the impact processes, such as Atlantification, have on sea ice thickness in the eastern marginal ice zone, which will increasingly be felt in other parts of the sea-ice-covered Arctic.
Brief communication: Do 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 °C matter for the future evolution of Alpine glaciers?
Authors: Compagno Loris , Eggs Sarah , Huss Matthias , Zekollari Harry , Farinotti Daniel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. With the Paris Agreement, the urgency of limiting ongoing anthropogenic climate change has been recognised. More recent discussions have focused on the difference of limiting the increase in global average temperatures below 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 ∘C compared to preindustrial levels. Here, we assess the impacts that such different scenarios would have on both the future evolution of glaciers in the European Alps and the water resources they provide. Our results show that even half-degree differences in global temperature targets have important implications for the changes predicted until 2100, and that – for the most optimistic scenarios – glaciers might start to partially recover, owing to possibly decreasing temperatures after the end of the 21st century.
Drainage of an ice-dammed lake through a supraglacial stream: hydraulics and thermodynamics
Authors: Ogier Christophe , Werder Mauro A. , Huss Matthias , Kull Isabelle , Hodel David , Farinotti Daniel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The glacier-dammed Lac des Faverges, located on Glacier de la Plaine Morte (Swiss Alps), drained annually as a glacier lake outburst flood since 2011. In 2018, the lake volume reached more than 2 × 106 m3 and the resulting flood caused damages to the infrastructure downstream. In 2019, a supraglacial channel was dug to artificially initiate a surface lake drainage, thus limiting the lake water volume and the corresponding hazard. The peak in lake discharge was successfully reduced by over 90 % compared to 2018. We conducted extensive field measurements of the lake-channel system during the 48-days drainage event of 2019 to characterize its hydraulics and thermodynamics. The derived Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, which characterizes the water flow resistance in the channel, ranges from 0.17 to 0.48. This broad range emphasizes the factor’s variability, and questions the choice of a constant friction factor in glacio-hydrological models. For the Nusselt number, which relates the channel-wall melt to the water temperature, we show that the classic, empirical Dittus-Boelter equation with the standard coefficients is not adequately representing our measurements, and we propose a suitable pair of coefficients to fit our observations. This hints at the need to continue the research into how heat transfer at the ice/water interface is described in the context of glacial hydraulics.
ABC-ANALYSIS AS A WAY TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF CURRENT ASSETS OF THE ENTERPRISE ON THE EXAMPLE OF LLC «FIC-ARIANT»
Authors: Novikov Vladislav Sergeevich , Zemtsova Elena Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the interpretations of the concept of «current assets» and on their basis a concept is drawn up, including the elements of the considered definitions. In the course of the work, the influence of the use of ABC analysis on the work of LLC «FIC-Ariant» was also considered.
ANALYSIS AND CLARIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «SALE OF MOVABLE PROPERTY» APPLICABLE TO OPERATION OF THE COMPANY LLC «REMEX»
Authors: Novikov Vladislav Sergeevich , Zemtsova Elena Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

This paper presents the author’s interpretation of the concept of «sale of movable property» applicable to the activities of a particular organization. In the course of the analysis, terms were identified that individually do not fit the requirements of the enterprise, but through synthesis a definition was formed that most fully suits the activities of the company.
PREVENTION ORGANIZATION ISSUES OFFENSES AMONG YOUTH – CONVICTED AND LIKE TO COMMIT SUICIDE
Authors: Usova Valeria Vladimirovna , Kirienko Kristina Nikolaevna , Polishchuk Alexandra Igorevna , Chapurko Tatiana Mikhailovna
Published: June 2021

The analysis of acts of suicide committed by persons held in correctional institutions and pre-trial detention centers given by the authors in the article testifies to the negative growth trend of this and the need to develop additional measures for their prevention. Within the framework of law enforcement activities, work on the prevention of offenses among young people is one of the priority areas of daily operational and service activities.
DETERMINING THE LEVEL OF PROFESSION IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE — A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROPEDEUTIC COURSE
Authors: Akayeva Hamsat Abasovna
Published: June 2021

The article says that the most important condition of making the course of leveling is the testing of knowledge of learners entering to high schools. The tests, presented for determining the level of learning foreign language, are made on the base of exact and contextual appropriate reproduction linguistic elements.
TEACHING RUSSIAN AND TURKISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Guseynova Terane
Published: June 2021

The presented article is devoted to the analysis of the main methods of teaching Russian and Turkish as a foreign language. The relevance of the work is justified by the need to develop new approaches in the study of foreign languages in connection with the development of the educational process and communication technologies.
USING OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Kulmagambetova S.S. , Shalabayeva A.A.
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the feasibility of introducing modern information and computer technologies, multimedia tools, and advanced techniques in the process of mastering a foreign language. The necessity of using innovative technologies in the practice of teaching foreign languages is analyzed.
Heparin Resistance in ECMO and the Role of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors: A Case Report
Authors: Malik Mohsyn Imran , Nepomuceno Dr. Roman , Nagpal Dr. Dave
Published: June 2021

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a potentially life-saving technology that can provide timely support to those failing to oxygenate their blood, either due to cardiac or respiratory related illnesses. However, ECMO also requires a careful hemostatic balance due to the thrombotic nature of the external circuit and the potential for bleeding events while anticoagulated. Current standard procedure for anticoagulating patients on ECMO is the use of unfractionated heparin. Despite its widespread use, many patients still face bleeding and/or clotting complications during their admission, some resulting in disastrous consequences. One possible etiology for this ineffectiveness is due to the mechanism by which heparin works via antithrombin (AT) and the AT deficiency of a critically ill patients. In this case study, we discuss the use of an alternative anticoagulant, a direct-thrombin inhibitor (DTI) in a patient cannulated to ECMO, which is independent of AT. The case study follows their course while on ECMO, focusing on relevant hemostatic measures. We further demonstrate the therapeutic potential for DTIs in place of UFH in ECMO patients, and the need for further research into anticoagulation strategies in critically ill patients.
RETOS COMUNES DE LAS INSPECCIONES DE EDUCACIÓN DE ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL
Authors: del Castillo Blanco Laura , Pereira Calçada Bercina , Henriques João
Published: June 2021

Las reuniones mantenidas entre los representantes del sindicato portugués SIEE (Sindicato de Inspetores de Educação e do Ensino) y el equipo responsable del área de Acción Exterior de USIE, a lo largo del primer tercio del año 2021, han permitido perfilar las realidades laborales y administrativas que determinan las líneas de acción sindical de ambas organizaciones en sus respectivos países. El proceso de conocimiento mutuo desarrollado durante los primeros meses del año ha sido acordado por ambos sindicatos, entendiéndose como paso necesariamente previo a la toma de decisiones sobre futuros acuerdos de cooperación y colaboración internacional. Este artículo es una muestra del trabajo conjunto que se ha venido desarrollando, y que sirve para poner el foco en elementos y aspectos en los que coinciden los respectivos contextos y sistemas de inspección y sobre los que previsiblemente se plantearán líneas de acción a nivel europeo.
PLANES DE MEJORA EN CENTROS EDUCATIVOS: DESARROLLO NORMATIVO EN ANDALUCÍA
Authors: Fernández Ferrer Gracia , López García Pablo
Published: June 2021

En el presente trabajo se plantea una revisión teórica de la finalidad de los Planes de Mejora de los centros educativos, enfocados en el marco educativo actual y conectados directamente con la cultura de evaluación de los centros educativos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía. Se configura una estrategia de cómo puede realizarse un cambio hacia la mejora, enmarcándola en la normativa vigente. Por último, se recoge el importante papel de la Inspección Educativa en los procesos de evaluación y mejora de los centros educativos, como elemento de calidad del sistema educativo, para favorecer el éxito educativo de todo el alumnado.
LOS PRINCIPIOS DEL DISEÑO UNIVERSAL DE APRENDIZAJE DEL ARTÍCULO 4.3 DE LA LOE, TRAS LAS MODIFICACIONES DE LA LEY ORGÁNICA 3/2020
Authors: Hontañón Talledo Alberto
Published: June 2021

Con la entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica 3/2020, de 29 de diciembre, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación, aparece en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, por primera vez en una ley orgánica de educación, la mención expresa a los principios del Diseño Universal de aprendizaje en el art. 4.3 de la LOE. Por este motivo, a lo largo del texto repasaremos su origen, su esencia, su significado y sus implicaciones en la organización y funcionamiento de los centros educativos.
Functional Imaging in Wounds: Imaging Modalities of Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Stratman Scott , Schneider Caralin , Lev-Tov Hadar , Kirsner Robert
Published: June 2021

Wound care is a multidisciplinary field with significant economic burden to our healthcare system. Not only does wound care cost the US healthcare system $20 billion annually, but wounds also remarkably impact the quality of life of patients; wounds pose significant risk of mortality, as the five-year mortality rate for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and ischemic ulcers is notably higher compared to commonly encountered cancers such as breast and prostate. Although it is important to measure how wounds may or may not be improving over time, the only relative “marker” for this is wound area measurement—area measurements can help providers determine if a wound is on a healing or non-healing trajectory. Because wound area measurements are currently the only readily available “gold standard” for predicting healing outcomes, there is a pressing need to understand how other relative biomarkers may play a role in wound healing. Currently, wound care centers across the nation employ various techniques to obtain wound area measurements; length and width of a wound can be measured with a ruler, but this carries a high amount of inter- and intrapersonal error as well as uncertainty. Acetate tracings could be used to limit the amount of error but do not account for depth, thereby making them inaccurate. Here, we discuss current imaging modalities and how they can serve to accurately measure wound size and serve as useful adjuncts in wound assessment. Moreover, new imaging modalities are also discussed and how up-and-coming technologies can provide important information on “biomarkers” for wound healing.
Results of using Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Score (TLICS) in Treatment of Thoracolumbar Fractures
Authors: Kabataş Serdar , Civelek Erdinç , Öztürk Erek , Savrunlu Eyüp Can , Kahraman Murat , Akyuva Yener , Çetin Ercan , Diren Furkan , Boyalı Osman , Özdemir Ömer
Published: June 2021

Aim: To compare short and long term pain intensity changes and long term loss of correction rates in patients who were treated either by kyphoplasty or posterior segmentation due to their TLICS and LSC scores, therefore evaluate the specificity of these classifications. Material and Methods: Medical records of 106 patients operated due to thoracolumbar compression or burst fracture in our clinics between years 2012 to 2015 have been evaluated retrospectively. The patients were evaluated with postoperative radiography (loss of reduction) and visual analogue scale (VAS) in their follow-ups. Results: The average stay on hospital was 6.53 ± 4.51 days in kyphoplasty group. The mean preoperative cobb angle was 10.76±11.67 degrees, which improved to 10.19±10.66 degrees at postoperative 1th month. Beside this, the mean preoperative VAS score was 7.93±0.68 then improved to 4.25±0.77 and 2.75 ± 1.43 at postoperative 6th, 12th month follow-ups respectively. There were 42 patients in instrumentation group. The mean hospitalization was 13.47±10.43 days. The mean preoperative cobb angle was 15.84±10.52 and it improved to 11.86±8.15 degrees at the postoperative 1th-month follow-up. The preoperative VAS scores of the patients improved from 7.71±0.71 to 4.09±0.79 and 4.26±1.23 at 6th and 12th month follow-ups. Conclusion: In long term follow up the kyphoplasty group showed more loss of correction however lesser VAS scores comparing to the instrumentation group. Although evaluating TLICS scores to kyphoplasty patients is still based on case reports in our series it was performed to 64 patients.
ERGO - EVALUATION OF URBAN BUS DRIVER’S WORKSTATIONS IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria, Ismaila Salami O. , Odunlami Samson A. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro, Nigeria, Kuye Sidikat I. ,   3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria, Musa Adekunle I. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta, Nigeria, Olayanju Adeniyi ,   5 Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Nigeria
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the ergonomic performance of drivers’ workstations in southwest Nigeria. Fifty urban buses selected from ten brands were investigated by direct measurement. The buses were mini-A and midi-B. Vertical and horizontal distances of the seat reference point to the pedal and steering wheel, with the seat dimensions were considered. The anthropometric dimensions of 150 male bus drivers were taken from South-west Nigeria. The results revealed that the values for driver’s seat height from the cabin floor, seat backrest height, seat shoulder level width and low back width were 44.00- 50.00cm, 53.00-58.15cm, 40.00-50.00cm and - 40.15cm respectively as against 39.15- 43.00cm, 38.75-49.49cm, 34.60-43.59cm and 45.73-53.25cm respectively in the urban bus workstations. It is concluded that the drivers’ workstations in the urban buses were not ergonomically fit for the bus drivers since the anthropometric dimension of the Nigerian male bus drivers were not considered in the designing of the buses.
EFFECTS OF NATURAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ON MICROBIAL SAFETY AND QUALITY OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Popescu Liliana
Published: June 2021

Dairy products are susceptible to contamination by foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms, which can result to a reduced shelf life of products as well as risks to the consumers’health. This determines the possible use of preservatives in the manufacturing process of dairy products. Consumers require healthy food, free of synthetic preservatives, looking for natural alternatives to ensure food safety. Just for this reason, natural ingredients are receiving increasing attention as substitutes for synthetic additives. Currently, research is focusing on the identification of natural antimicrobial agents, especially from plants such as fruits, vegetables, herbs and spices, as they contain significant amounts of compounds with antimicrobial activity. In addition, plants contain bioactive compounds, which could provide health benefits in preventing many diseases. This review aims to discuss the impact of natural antimicrobials on foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in products, the antimicrobial efficacy of plant extracts and essential oils and the impact of their incorporation on the sensory characteristics of dairy products such as yogurts, cheeses, butter and ghee.
PASTRIES WITH FUNCTIONAL SPIRULINA PLATENSIS INGREDIENTS
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Bantea-Zagareanu Valentina , Gurev Angela ,   Technical University of Moldova, Dragancea Veronica ,   Technical University of Moldova, Dodon Adelina ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The aim of the research is to develop new bakery products with increased functional value by adding ingredients from the biomass of Spirulina platensis. High quality wheat flour (P1), oatmeal (P2) and whole wheat flour (P3) sticks were formulated with the addition of 3% S2 preparation based on spirulina, thus increasing the bioavailability of the active components in microalgae. It was established that the addition of S2 preparation in sticks results in an increase in the total polyphenol content by 41.67% in the P2 samples of oatmeal sticks and by 56.17% in the P3 samples of whole wheat flour. The addition of S2 leads to a decrease in the content of reducing sugars by up to 2.56% in P1, by 2.50% in P2 and by 2.19% in P3 compared to the control. In sticks with the addition of S2, the fat content of cyanobacterial origin increases by almost 3.2% in sample P1, by 4.4% in P2 and by 6.0% in P3 compared to the control samples. The research results show that the use of the preparation based on Spirulina platensis contributes to increasing the nutritional value of flour products through the increased intake of amino acids, fatty acids of cyanobacterial origin, minerals, vitamins and bioactive substances, which are missing in conventional products, consumed daily. The S2 preparation based on microalgae, rich in pigments - chlorophylls, carotenes and phycocyanins with beneficial properties for health, could be used as a natural food dyes.
The Iron Age I–II Transition in the Northern Levant: An Emerging Consensus?
Authors: Harrison Timothy
Published: June 2021

The development of a refined, and widely accepted, chronological and cultural sequence has eluded the study of the Iron Age Northern Levant, despite more than a century of archaeological exploration and research. The renewed investigations at Tell Tayinat (ancient Kunulua), capital of the Neo-Hittite Kingdom of Palastin/Walastin and scene of large-scale excavations by the Syrian-Hittite Expedition in the 1930s, have resulted in a tightly constructed stratigraphic and chronological cultural sequence, or “local history,” for this period. This refined “Amuq Sequence” indicates a number of culturally and historically significant transitions, including the transition from the Iron Age I to the Iron Age II, ca. 900 BCE, and it offers the prospect of forging a consensus regarding the cultural and chronological periodization of the broader Iron Age Northern Levant and Southeast Anatolia.
The Continuity of the Canaanite Glyptic Tradition into the Iron Age I–IIA
Authors: Schroer Silvia
Published: June 2021

The article relates to several recognizable developments in the iconography of the Early Iron Age. It indicates that during the 11th and beginning of the 10th centuries BCE the dominant Egyptian influence was on the decline, and other traditions came to prominence: from the north, Syrian influences, and in some places sub-Mycenaean influences. The autochthonous Canaanite heritage experienced a revival, developing new themes and using new media.
New Evidence for the 10th Century BCE at Tel Gezer
Authors: Ortiz Steven , Wolff Samuel
Published: June 2021

Recent excavations at Tel Gezer have systematically revealed a broad exposure west of the Iron Age gate complex (popularly referred to as the “Solomonic Gate”). This report focuses on the occupation layers of the 10th century BCE (our Strata 8 and 7, dated by 14C and ceramic analyses). Stratum 8 represents a unique period of Gezer’s history when the city experienced a major shift in urban planning, as evidenced by a monumental administrative building and casemate fortifications that are associated with the Iron Age gate. This city was intensely destroyed, probably as a result of Sheshonq’s campaign. Stratum 7, which was also destroyed, exhibits a major shift to domestic quarters.
Региональные аспекты проектирования красных книг почв (на примере Кировской области)
Authors: Прокашев Алексей Михайлович , Есипова Татьяна Владимировна , Вартан Игорь Александрович , Соболева Елена Сергеевна
Published: June 2021

Проблемы охраны почвенного покрова в современный период носят многовекторную направленность. Рядом отечественных учёных в качестве одного из инструментов сбережения почвенного наследия обосновывается и реализуется идея создания красных книг почв, подобно аналогичным книгам растений и животных. Ввиду различия региональных условий и истории педогенеза, степени техногенного преобразования почвенного покрова России эта концепция нуждается в дальнейшем развитии с учётом специфики местных природных и социальных условий. Целью публикации является представление некоторых теоретико-методологических подходов общенаучного характера в их региональной интерпретации, актуальных для разработки красных книг почв. Выделены основные почвенные объекты в составе почвенного покрова Кировской области, отвечающие критериям зональных эталонов, редких, уникальных и исчезающих почв, перспективные для включения в данные природоохранные документы. В состав зональных эталонов включены подзолистые почвы средней тайги, дерново-подзолистые почвы южной тайги и серые (лесные) почвы смешанных лесов. Среди представителей раритетных почв первоочередное внимание уделено объектам с реликтовыми феноменами в виде остаточных – вторых гумусовых – и погребённых гумусовых горизонтов. В обеих группах в качестве основных рассматривались почвы, развитые на покровных суглинках – наиболее однородных и распространенных во всех подзонах региона материнских породах. Настоящие материалы могут представлять интерес для природоохранных служб в качестве руководящей научной информации по оптимизации региональных сетей охраняемых природных территорий за счёт включения в их состав новой – педогенной – категории объектов сбережения природного наследия в составе заказников, микро-заповедников, почвенных памятников природы.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge regarding Substance Abuse in Adolescents among teachers in selected PU Colleges at Bangalore with a view to develop a Video
Authors: Kumari Bindu , C.K Nisha , Manohari Manohari
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Substance abuse is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences Substance abuse is the use of psychoactive substance that poses significant hazards to health and interferes with social, occupational, psychological or physical functioning1. The teenage years are a critical window of vulnerability to substance uses disorder; because the brain is still developing and malleable, adolescents are high risk group to avoid the temptations of experimenting with drugs3. A survey shows that of all alcohol 21%, cannabis 3%, and opium 0.1% users are below the age of 18years. Overall 0.4% and 4.6% of total treatment seekers in various states were children5. According to a survey conducted by the Karnataka State Temperance Board, Bangalore, in 2012, about 30% of school and college students in Bangalore are drug addicts. WHO estimates that by 2020, based on the current trends, worldwide can expect 10 million deaths per year1. Materials and methods: The research design selected for this study was descriptive design. The setting selected was PU Colleges in Bangalore. 40 PU College teachers were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. A demographic proforma to collect the data and structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The current study reveals that out of 40 subjects, 75% of teacher’s had average knowledge and 17.5% good knowledge; subjects had knowledge regarding prevention and management 70%, and meaning/concept 65%. The study revealed statistically that there is no significant association between the knowledge and demographic variables of age, sex, marital status, qualification, designation and there is significant association with source of knowledge. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that the knowledge of teachers regarding substance abuse in adolescents is average. Has an outcome substance abuse video was developed as an educating the teachers and adolescents.
Prevalence of Social Phobia and Depression among Adolescent girls in selected schools in rural areas of Panipat, Haryana
Authors: Ruchika Ruchika , Rajamani Sathish
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: The term social phobia was first coined by Janet (1903) to describe the patient who feared being observed while speaking, playing, or writing, symptoms of shyness, social anxiety and social avoidance had been describe as early as the time of Hippocrates (1969). Aim: Against this background the following study aim of to determine the Prevalence of Social Phobia and Depression among Adolescent Girls. Materials and methods: This study is a Non - Experimental study. Sample size of was 120 adolescent girls. Sample was selected by using Non- Probability Convenience technique. Social phobia inventory (SPIN) and Beck depression inventory II (BDI II) on social phobia and depression among adolescent girls. Data analysis was done with the help by the mean of descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study finding reveals that majority of the subjects 77(64.2%) had very mild / no social phobia. Majority of the subjects in this study had moderate depression 54(45%). The chi – square value of social phobia and previous history of psychiatric illness was 6.386. The ‘P’ value is 0.041. which shows a statistically significant association. The correlation coefficient value between social phobia and depression was 0.264 which shows a mild positive correlation. Conclusion: The study concluded adolescent girls had depression more when compare with social phobia.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Menstrual difficulties among
Adolescent Girls
Authors: Luvina E Sheena , S. Jayasankari , Raju Leena L. , Ravichandran Ravichandran
Published: June 2021

Adolescence is a phase of changeover from childhood to adulthood. For a girl, adolescence is a blend of physical and psychological preparation to enrol into a safe motherhood1. Menstruation is a basic female physiological process, capable of affecting the several other metabolisms within the body2. This study was conducted to Assess the Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Menstrual Difficulties among Adolescent Girls in a Selected School at Puducherry. Pre experimental one group pretest post-test design was used in this study. 60 adolescent girls who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected by Purposive sampling technique. On day one clinical variables and level of menstrual distress was assessed using Modified Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire with previous month experience. Aerobic Exercise session was started from 5th day of the cycle up to 22nd day weekly 3 days for 30minutes in a common room. Post test conducted using Modified Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire on the 5th day of the cycle the following month to assess the effectiveness of Aerobic Exercises. The study findings revealed that, the median difference in Menstrual Distress level between pretest and posttest with Aerobic Exercises intervention was observed to be highly statistically significant (p value<.0.001) Findings of the study revealed that there was highly statistically significant difference in the level of Menstrual Distress before and after Aerobic Exercises. Hence the study concluded that Aerobic Exercises being one of non pharmacological method was very effective in decreasing the level of Menstrual Distress among adolescent girls.
Post Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Mahiba P. Jabalin
Published: June 2021

Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) also known as post exposure prevention is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring. Exposure to blood or body fluid prompts most people to seek immediate medical attention in an emergency department. These exposure have an associated risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus. Post exposure prophylaxis should be used only in emergency situation and must be started with in 72 hrs after a recent possible exposure to infection.
Minimization of the Electric Energy in Systems Using Ultra-High Density Magnetic Storage
Authors: Pakam Tchilabalo , Adanlété Adjanoh Assiongbon
Published: June 2021

We present an optimization of the thickness of the magnetic layers that serve to record the information of the daily need in order to minimize the useful electrical energy. The study provides details on the energy activation and distribution of the energy barriers in the samples of thickness . We find that distribution of the energy barriers , its distribution width , the real activation field   are lowest in the sample of thickness , hence this sample allows to use less electrical energy for information recording.
Technical Condition Management for a PV-Based Distributed Energy System
Authors: Schulz Sebastian , Reiff-Stephan Jörg
Published: June 2021

Distributed energy systems are a key success factor for the future and self-determined living in undeveloped or emerging regions. Education, culture and economic growth are significantly influenced by energy processes. In order to be able to use a built-up infrastructure, maintenance and condition control of the systems along their entire life cycle are indispensable. However, this can only be achieved if an independent technical condition management system can be established. Event-based data and warnings can be transmitted or retrieved at any time. Due to this, decisions can be made on the basis of the information obtained, which then lead to the maintenance of the targeted functional scope of the power systems. In the following paper, a TCM for pv-based distributed energy systems is presented. It consists of a low performance single board computer which can be connected to a cloud system with mobile communication and transmits essential data.
Short-Term Electricity Generation Forecasting Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case Study of the Benin Electricity Community (C.E.B)
Authors: Guenoupkati Agbassou , Salami Adekunlé Akim , Kodjo Mawugno Koffi , Napo Kossi
Published: June 2021

Time series forecasting in the energy sector is important to power utilities for decision making to ensure the sustainability and quality of electricity supply, and the stability of the power grid. Unfortunately, the presence of certain exogenous factors such as weather conditions, electricity price complicate the task using linear regression models that are becoming unsuitable. The search for a robust predictor would be an invaluable asset for electricity companies. To overcome this difficulty, Artificial Intelligence differs from these prediction methods through the Machine Learning algorithms which have been performing over the last decades in predicting time series on several levels. This work proposes the deployment of three univariate Machine Learning models: Support Vector Regression, Multi-Layer Perceptron, and the Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network to predict the electricity production of Benin Electricity Community. In order to validate the performance of these different methods, against the Autoregressive Integrated Mobile Average and Multiple Regression model, performance metrics were used. Overall, the results show that the Machine Learning models outperform the linear regression methods. Consequently, Machine Learning methods offer a perspective for short-term electric power generation forecasting of Benin Electricity Community sources.
Concept Towards Segmenting Arm Areas for Robot-Based Dermatological In Vivo Measurements
Authors: Szymanski Mateusz , Van de Sand Ron , Tauscher Esther , Rieckmann Olaf , Stolpmann Alexander
Published: June 2021

Dermatological in vivo measurements are used for various purposes, e.g. health care, development and testing of skin care products or claim support in marketing.  Especially for the last two purposes, in vivo measurements are extensive due to the quantity and repeatability of the measurement series. Furthermore, they are   performed manually and therefore represent a nonnegligible time and cost factor. A solution to this is the implementation of collaborative robotics for the  measurement execution. Due to various body shapes and surface conditions, common static control procedures are not applicable. To solve this problem, spatial  information obtained from a stereoscopic camera can be integrated into the robot control process. However, the designated measurement area has to be detected  and the spatial information processed. Therefore the authors propose a concept towards segmenting arm areas through a CNN-based object detector and their  further processing to perform robot-based in vivo measurements. The paper gives an overview of the utilization of RGB-D images in 2D object detectors and  describes the selection of a suitable model for the application. Furthermore the creation, annotation and augmentation of a custom dataset is presented.