bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MCDM-Based R&D Project Selection: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: de Souza Dalton Garcia Borges , dos Santos Erivelton Antonio , Soma Nei Yoshihiro , da Silva Carlos Eduardo Sanches
Published: October 2021

From small spin-offs deploying innovative software to big pharmaceutical complexes making vaccines, Research and Development (R&D) Project Portfolio Selection (PPS) is an essential strategic process for various companies. It was never easy to select a set of projects among many feasible possibilities, even for yesterday’s paces. However, the world is rapidly changing, and so is R&D PPS. The portfolio objectives excel profit in the same manner that model constraints go beyond budget limitations. In parallel, project selection approaches and solving algorithms followed the increase of computational power. Despite all those changes, the importance of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods and the decision criteria used for R&D PPS, there is still room for a systematic literature review (SLR) for the topic. Thus, this paper offers an SLR of the existing literature from the half-century, 1970, and onward MCDM-based R&D PPS performed in Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. We provide a comprehensive picture of this field, show how it is changing, and highlight standard practices and research opportunities in the area. We perform a broad classification of the MCDM methods, categorized by the nature of alternatives, types of integration approach, the MCDM method itself, and types of uncertainty, by the 66 studies in the SLR database. The portfolios’ classification obeys the application domain and the number of projects. We have also explored all the 263 criteria found in the literature by grouping them according to experts from five Brazilian R&D organizations that together manage portfolios valued around US$ 5 billion a year, accounting for 38% of all Brazilian annual expenditure in R&D projects. We also include a bibliometric analysis of the considered papers and research opportunities highlighted or not explored by researchers. Given the increasing number of decision-making approaches and new technologies available, we hope to provide guidance on the topic and promote knowledge production and growth concerning the usage of MCDM methods and decision criteria in R&D PPS.
Theoretical Research on Circular Economy and Sustainability Trade-Offs and Synergies
Authors: Morales Manuel E. , Batlles-delaFuente Ana , Cortés-García Francisco Joaquín , Belmonte-Ureña Luis Jesús
Published: October 2021

Circular economy (CE) and sustainability are interrelated, without being exchangeable. While sustainability tries to reconcile the management of productive resources with their increasing consumption, CE aims to make the productive process more efficient, reducing, reusing and recycling the results of the productive process as much as possible. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the systemic structure of interactions between sustainability and CE through the analysis of the existing literature from 2004 to 2021. For this purpose, a computational literature review and a content analysis of the main contributions of CE and sustainability, within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), were conducted. The results show that there is a positive impact of the synergy between CE strategies and certain SDGs. Specifically, the circular strategies that generate the greatest synergies have to do with preserving materials through recycling, downcycling, and the measurement of indicators or reference scenarios. This is what has led to the inclusion of these concepts in the formulation of policies and strategies, as their multidisciplinary nature allows them to have an impact on areas such as agriculture or innovation, which currently lack specific measures. Therefore, the knowledge derived from this study will contribute favorably to future decisions and actions to be considered, as there is still the potential to legislate in favor of an even more sustainable framework.
The Sustainable Development Path of the Gold Exploration and Mining of the Sanshan Island-Jiaojia Belt in Laizhou Bay: A DID-SVAR Approach
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Han Guoxiang , Yu Ran , Wen Zuhui , Xu Meng , Yang Yifu
Published: October 2021

Gold is a vital strategic resource, and it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining national financial security, enhancing currency guarantee capabilities, and serving as a country’s last means of payment. Gold plays an essential role in several fields that are vital to sustainable development. In 2020, an ultra-large-scale gold deposit spanning land and sea was discovered in Sanshan Island-Jiaojia Belt, Laizhou Bay, China. Its owner, Shandong Gold Group, also established Sanshan Island as a new ecological mine model. Applying a difference in differences-structural vector autoregression (DID-SVAR) approach, our research found that the whole biodiversity of Laizhou Bay decreased by 0.27% purely due to gold exploration in Sanshan Island-Jiaojia. In the long run, gold mining will have an apparent 2.9% adverse effect on marine products, and fishing for marine products will have a 2.1% adverse effect on marine products themselves.
The Synergy of Living and Water Wall in Indoor Environment—Case Study in City of Brno, Czech Republic
Authors: Cakyova Katarina , Vertal Marian , Vystrcil Jan , Nespesny Ondrej , Beckovsky David , Rubina Ales , Pencik Jan , Vranayova Zuzana
Published: October 2021

The indoor environment that surrounds us and the elements in it affect not only our mood but also the air quality. Vegetation elements are currently more popular, especially for their aesthetic value but also because of the fact that they affect the physical parameters of the indoor environment such as temperature and humidity. Water elements are a similar example. The presented paper combines these two elements to achieve the best possible level of thermal comfort. Experimental verification of the influence of the living wall on air temperature and humidity took place during the heating season in the city of Brno in the space of the university, while three scenarios were created: the effect of the living wall in a semi-open space, an enclosed space, and a space with a water wall with regulated water temperature. The potential of the water wall is determined based on experimental verification in laboratory conditions. The results show that the synergy of the living and water wall in the indoor space may eliminate the risk of too-low humidity during the heating season.
A Sine Cosine Algorithm-Based Fractional MPPT for Thermoelectric Generation System
Authors: Rezk Hegazy , Alhato Mohammed Mazen , Al-Dhaifallah Mujahed , Bouallègue Soufiene
Published: October 2021

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are equipment for transforming thermal power into electricity via the Seebeck effect. These modules have gained increasing interest in research fields related to sustainable energy. The harvested energy is mostly reliant on the differential temperature between the hot and cold areas of the TEGs. Hence, a reliable maximum power point tracker is necessary to operate TEGs too close to their maximum power point (MPP) under an operational and climate variation. In this paper, an optimized fractional incremental resistance tracker (OF-INRT) is suggested to enhance the output performance of a TEG. The introduced tracker is based on the fractional-order PIλDμ control concepts. The optimal parameters of the OF-INRT are determined using a population-based sine cosine algorithm (SCA). To confirm the optimality of the introduced SCA, experiments were conducted and the results compared with those of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) based techniques. The key goal of the suggested OF-INRT is to overcome the two main issues in conventional trackers, i.e., the slow dynamics of traditional incremental resistance trackers (INRT) and the high steady-state fluctuation around the MPP in the prevalent perturb and observe trackers (POTs). The main findings prove the superiority of the OF-INRT in comparison with the INRT and POT, for both dynamic and steady-state responses.
Research on Simulation Calculation of the Safety of Tight-Lock Coupler Curve Coupling
Authors: Zhang Hai , Zhang Chenyu , Lin Fengtao , Wang Xiugang , Fu Gengzhe
Published: October 2021

Once a train breaks down on a busy railway line, it will affect the whole traffic network. However, when a rescue locomotive is hooked up to the broken train for towing it to the next station, it is common that coupling dislocation occurs, which results in damages to couplers and the driver’s cab. To ensure the safety of the trains during the coupling, it becomes crucial to determine whether they can be linked safely and automatically under different line conditions. In this paper, position and pose of the rescue locomotive and the broken train on the line are calculated by geometric analytical calculation method, which determines the position relation of their couplers. Then a so-called “coupling characteristic triangle” was proposed to determine whether trains can be safely and automatically linked on the railway line. The triangles are constructed by the peak points of the couplers head of the front vehicle and the rear one and border lines of secure coupling area on the couplers. By judging the shape of the triangle, it can directly judge whether their couplers can be connected successfully. The method has been applied to check the safety of the trains during coupling on the Nanchang urban railway Line 4. The results show that the maximum swing angle of the coupler reaches 17.3957° in the straight–curve section with a radius of 325 m. At this time, coupling is most difficult, and trains need to be connected manually through the tractor; all the calculation results are verified in the actual line. By comparing different calculation methods for judging coupling safety, it is shown that the method proposed in this paper is accurate, efficient, and users can judge coupling safety more intuitively.
Insertion of Exogenous Genes within the ORF1a Coding Region of Porcine Astrovirus
Authors: Du Yanjie , Liu Teng , Qin Yifeng , Dong Qinting , Chen Ying , Ouyang Kang , Wei Zuzhang , Huang Weijian
Published: October 2021

A tagged or reporter astrovirus can be a valuable tool for the analysis of various aspects of the virus life cycle, and to aid in the development of genetically engineered astroviruses as vectors. Here, transposon-mediated insertion mutagenesis was used to insert a 15-nucleotide (nt) sequence into random sites of open reading frame 1a (ORF1a) based on an infectious full-length cDNA clone of porcine astrovirus (PAstV). Five sites in the predicted coiled-coil structures (CC), genome-linked protein (VPg), and hypervariable region (HVR) in ORF1a of the PAstV genome were identified that could tolerate random 15 nt insertions. Incorporation of the commonly used epitope tags, His, Flag, and HA, into four of the five insertion sites permitted the production of infectious viruses and allowed recognition by specifically tagged monoclonal antibodies. The results of immuno-fluorescent assays showed that Flag-tagged ORF1a protein overlapped partially with capsid and ORF2b proteins in the cytoplasm. Improved light-oxygen-voltage (iLOV) gene was also introduced at the insertion sites of CC, VPg, and HVR. Only one viable recombinant reporter PAstV expressing iLOV inserted in HVR was recovered. Biological analysis of the reporter virus showed that it displayed similar growth characteristics, and yet produced less infectious virus particles, when compared with the parental virus. The recombinant virus carrying the iLOV fused with the HVR of ORF1a protein maintained its stability and showed green fluorescence after 15 passages in cell cultures. The resultant fluorescently tagged virus could provide a promising tool for the rapid screening of antiviral drugs as well as allowing the visualization of PAstV infection and replication in living cells.
Structures and Functional Diversities of ASFV Proteins
Authors: Wang Guoguo , Xie Mengjia , Wu Wei , Chen Zhongzhou
Published: October 2021

African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative pathogen of the recent ASF epidemic, is a highly contagious double-stranded DNA virus. Its genome is in the range of 170~193 kbp and encodes 68 structural proteins and over 100 non-structural proteins. Its high pathogenicity strains cause nearly 100% mortality in swine. Consisting of four layers of protein shells and an inner genome, its structure is obviously more complicated than many other viruses, and its multi-layered structures play different kinds of roles in ASFV replication and survival. Each layer possesses many proteins, but very few of the proteins have been investigated at a structural level. Here, we concluded all the ASFV proteins whose structures were unveiled, and explained their functions from the view of structures. Those structures include ASFV AP endonuclease, dUTPases (E165R), pS273R protease, core shell proteins p15 and p35, non-structural proteins pA151R, pNP868R (RNA guanylyltransferase), major capsid protein p72 (gene B646L), Bcl-2-like protein A179L, histone-like protein pA104R, sulfhydryl oxidase pB119L, polymerase X and ligase. These novel structural features, diverse functions, and complex molecular mechanisms promote ASFV to escape the host immune system easily and make this large virus difficult to control.
Genotypic Variants of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Ukraine during the 2015/16 Influenza Season
Authors: Zolotarova Oksana , Fesenko Anna , Holubka Olga , Radchenko Larysa , Bortz Eric , Budzanivska Iryna , Mironenko Alla
Published: October 2021

Human type A influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09 have caused seasonal epidemics of influenza since the 2009–2010 pandemic. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses had a leading role in the severe epidemic season of 2015/16 in the Northern Hemisphere and caused a high incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Ukraine. Serious complications of influenza-associated severe ARI (SARI) were observed in the very young and individuals at increased risk, and 391 fatal cases occurred in the 2015/16 epidemic season. We analyzed the genetic changes in the genomes of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses isolated from SARI cases in Ukraine during the 2015/16 season. The viral hemagglutinin (HA) fell in H1 group 6B.1 for all but four isolates, with known mutations affecting glycosylation, the Sa antigenic site (S162N in all 6B.1 isolates), or virulence (D222G/N in two isolates). Other mutations occurred in antigenic site Ca (A141P and S236P), and a subgroup of four strains were in group 6B.2, with potential alterations to antigenicity in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in 2015/16 in Ukraine. A cluster of Ukrainian isolates exhibited novel D2E and N48S mutations in the RNA binding domain, and E125D in the effector domain, of immune evasion nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). The diverse spectrum of amino-acid substitutions in HA, NS1, and other viral proteins including nucleoprotein (NP) and the polymerase complex suggested the concurrent circulation of multiple lineages of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses in the human population in Ukraine, a country with low vaccination coverage, complicating public health measures against influenza.
Imaging Techniques for Detecting Prokaryotic Viruses in Environmental Samples
Authors: Turzynski Victoria , Monsees Indra , Moraru Cristina , Probst Alexander J.
Published: October 2021

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth with an estimate of 1031 viral particles across all ecosystems. Prokaryotic viruses—bacteriophages and archaeal viruses—influence global biogeochemical cycles by shaping microbial communities through predation, through the effect of horizontal gene transfer on the host genome evolution, and through manipulating the host cellular metabolism. Imaging techniques have played an important role in understanding the biology and lifestyle of prokaryotic viruses. Specifically, structure-resolving microscopy methods, for example, transmission electron microscopy, are commonly used for understanding viral morphology, ultrastructure, and host interaction. These methods have been applied mostly to cultivated phage–host pairs. However, recent advances in environmental genomics have demonstrated that the majority of viruses remain uncultivated, and thus microscopically uncharacterized. Although light- and structure-resolving microscopy of viruses from environmental samples is possible, quite often the link between the visualization and the genomic information of uncultivated prokaryotic viruses is missing. In this minireview, we summarize the current state of the art of imaging techniques available for characterizing viruses in environmental samples and discuss potential links between viral imaging and environmental genomics for shedding light on the morphology of uncultivated viruses and their lifestyles in Earth’s ecosystems.
Associations between general practice characteristics and chest X-ray rate: an observational study
Authors: Bradley Stephen H , Barclay Matthew , Cornwell Benjamin , Abel Gary A , Callister Matthew EJ , Gomez-Cano Mayam , Round Thomas , Shinkins Bethany , Neal Richard D
Published: October 2021

Background

Chest X-ray (CXR) is the first-line test for lung cancer in many settings. Previous research has suggested that higher utilisation of CXR is associated with improved outcomes.

Aim

To explore the associations between characteristics of general practices and frequency of investigation with CXR.

Design and setting

Retrospective observational study of English general practices.

Method

A database was constructed of English general practices containing number of CXRs requested and data on practices for 2018, including patient and staff demographics, smoking prevalence, deprivation, and patient satisfaction indicators. Mixed-effects Poisson modelling was used to account for variation because of chance and to estimate the amount of remaining variation that could be attributed to practice and population characteristics.

Results

There was substantial variation in GP CXR rates (median 34 per 1000 patients, interquartile range 26–43). Only 18% of between-practice variance in CXR rate was accounted for by recorded characteristics. Higher practice scores for continuity and communication skills, and higher proportions of smokers, Asian and mixed ethnic groups, and patients aged >65 years were associated with increased CXR rates. Higher patient satisfaction scores for access and greater proportions of male patients and patients of Black ethnicity were associated with lower CXR rates.

Conclusion

Substantial variation was found in CXR rates beyond that expected by chance, which could not be accounted for by practices’ recorded characteristics. As other research has indicated that increasing CXR rates can lead to earlier detection, supporting practices that currently investigate infrequently could be an effective strategy to improve lung cancer outcomes.
Null Distribution of the Test Statistic for Model Selection via Marginal Screening: Implications for Multivariate Regression Analysis
Authors: Rubanovich A. V. , Saenko V. A.
Published: October 2021

Marginal screening (MS) is the computationally simple and commonly used for the dimension reduction procedures. In it, a linear model is constructed for several top predictors, chosen according to the absolute value of marginal correlations with the dependent variable. Importantly, when kpredictors out of mprimary covariates are selected, the standard regression analysis may yield false-positive results if m>> k(Freedman's paradox). In this work, we provide analytical expressions describing null distribution of the test statistics for model selection via MS. Using the theory of order statistics, we show that under MS, the common F-statistic is distributed as a mean of ktop variables out of mindependent random variables having a 21χdistribution. Based on this finding, we estimated critical p-values for multiple regression models after MS, comparisons with which of those obtained in real studies will help researchers to avoid false-positive result. Analytical solutions obtained in the work are implemented in a free Excel spreadsheet program.
Reviewing Nachiketa’s Lyrics as a Protest against Diverse Malpractices: A Study from a Post-colonial Perspective
Authors: Mohammad Chishti Kazi Ehteshumes
Published: October 2021

Songs are not always a source of recreation that soothes one’s mind with beautifully romantic hearttouching sugar-quoted lyrics. Songs may also be angry in tone and harsh in voice, as is noticeable in many of the songs of Nachiketa Chakraborty. Likewise, the crucial period of Colonialism may be over, but a more critical period of Neocolonialism is now a dominating practice in the developing countries by rich and most developed countries, mostly through their political and economic strategies. The interesting thing is that power and resistance go side by side. Nachiketa’s melodious lyrics are the literary resistance to Neocolonial forces. Nachiketa is one of the few Kolkata-centric artists whose late post-90s modern Bengali songs have won the hearts of both West Bengal and Bangladeshi people. What is less noticeable during these three decades is that Nachiketa has a strong presence through vocal and melody, where his rebellious voice has not failed to criticize the government, political, religious, financial, or cultural institutions that indirectly represent Neocolonial ideologies like Capitalism, Globalization, and Cultural Imperialism. This article is going to excavate how Nachiketa has criticized different layers of malpractices prevailing in the diversified aspects of day to day life through his best known, surprisingly turbulent anti-imperial lyrical creations.
Evaluation of a pedagogical e-tool for promoting students’ well-being: The perspective of future prevention providers
Authors: Kossakowska Karolina , Zadworna Magdalena
Published: October 2021

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the digitally supported pedagogical tool for promoting students' well-being, developed during Erasmus+ project. The research includes the data from 59 fourth-year students in a five-year MA degree program in psychology (50 women and 9 men) aged 22–46 (M = 26.51, SD = 5.43). We used a survey questionnaire developed for the purposes of the study to assess the attractiveness and usefulness of the e-tool, the effectiveness of the different forms of communication used in the tool, and its overall strengths and weaknesses. The mean overall satisfaction with the tool was high. Among the factors contributing to the overall satisfaction with the tool, the content of the tool and the attractiveness of its message form was rated the highest. Online videos were considered to be the most effective form of communication used in the tool. The most appreciated features of the tool were the use of multimedia and remote resources and an attractive form; the weakest side of the tool, according to the respondents, turned out to be its appropriateness for the recipients’ developmental stage. Erasmus+ projects can develop valuable outcomes for school practice. They have also the potential for educating future staff working in various areas of psychological practice. Future psychologists and prevention providers should come into contact with the international nature of education, psychoeducation, and modern prophylaxis already during their studies.
Supporting school inclusion of students with disabilities and special educational needs - selected challenges and solutions
Authors: Plichta Piotr
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, a fairly widely accepted idea regarding education is that schools should provide an inclusive environment. However, the process of inclusion cannot be accomplished spontaneously. If such a process is not actively supported, it may contribute to the growth of intolerance, stereotypes, exclusion and school violence. If inclusive education is to become more than merely a slogan, it is necessary to provide support to all involved, including teachers. In light of the research, the self-assessment of teachers’ competencies in educating students with developmental disabilities and special educational needs is relatively low. The article describes possible challenges in making schools more inclusive environments and proposes possible means of supporting teachers in selected areas of inclusion.
Online Learning During the Pandemic in the Experience of Future Teachers
Authors: Chrost Marzena , Chrost Sławomir
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus pandemic caused a very critical situation on a global scale, which led to complete and forced isolation in social life and interpersonal communication. On an educational level, this has been a new and unexpected challenge, which has led to the use of a distance learning model. It is also a new experience for both students and teachers. This fact inspired an empirical study of my own, the aim of which was to find out students' opinions on this form of teaching in relation to their personal experience and the implementation of e-learning in academic practice.
Therefore, the main research problem was formulated as follows: What are the opinions of students on distance learning during the pandemic? In the empirical own research the method of diagnostic survey with questionnaire technique was applied, SWOT questionnaire was used.
The research was conducted in May/June 2020, at two selected universities. It was attended by 172 students of pedagogical faculties. The results obtained from the research indicate that distance learning has both specific positive and negative sides. However, the greater percentage distribution of the obtained data is in the aspect of weaknesses. Undoubtedly, there are still many activities that should be introduced into the practice and everyday academic education. Perhaps some creative solution would be to introduce only some elements of distance learning, which could contribute to better acquisition of digital and IT competences, and help in developing students' activity, self-discipline and independent learning.
Implementation of ethiodized oil for treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility.
Authors: Maksym Radosław Bernard
Published: October 2021

One of the leading health conditions associated with female infertility is endometriosis, which is the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is estimated that endometriosis can be demonstrated in up to half of infertile patients, but this does not mean that in all cases, it is the only cause that reduces fertility. Apart from the relatively rare case of endometriosis-induced anatomical changes that mechanically impede fertilization, the main effect is to modify the immune system by the secretion of soluble signaling factors by ectopic endometriotic lesions. The primary treatment of endometriosis in patients trying to become pregnant is radical excision of foci outside the uterus, which is associated with the normalization of immune system disorders and often leads to pregnancy. However, the significant technical complexity and the possibility of complications make the surgery a good solution, mainly for patients who, apart from infertility, pain is also an important factor. An important medical problem remains the development of methods that could eliminate disorders caused by endometriosis and, at the same time, could be used in patients with minor or moderate ailments and in patients with contraindications to surgery. At present, despite many approaches, there are no specific immunotherapy methods. It is interesting that for several decades, it has been reported that the examination of the patency of the Fallopian tubes has a beneficial effect on the possibility of pregnancy. Detailed analyzes have shown that this is not a common effect, but it mainly concerns patients with endometriosis and the use of etiodized oil contrast. In this group, there is a significant, five-fold increase in infertility. Therefore, every second previously infertile patient becomes pregnant within six months. A smaller but also distinct effect is observed in the case of idiopathic infertility. The impact is so significant that it can be used both for the practical treatment of patients as well as to understand the mechanisms underlying fertility disorders occurring in endometriosis. The data so far show that the immunotherapeutic effect of etiodized oil contrast is overwhelming. However, it is not entirely clear why the improvement is not achieved using other currently more popular water contrasts. The dissemination of perfusion of the uterine cavity and Fallopian tubes with the use of oil contrast seems to be a simple, safe and effective strategy that allows patients to offer patients alternative treatment methods and improve the final effectiveness and increase the pharmacoeconomics of treatment of endometriosis-related infertility.
The threat of coronavirus perceived by the mother and her experiences related to the pandemic versus her relationship with the child
Authors: Lachowska Bogusława
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has significantly changed people’s everyday lives, threatening the quality and even durability of intra-family relationships. The relationship between mother and child is particularly vulnerable to the disruptive impact of the pandemic. The article examines the relationship between mothers’ perceived threat of coronavirus and their pandemic experiences, and their relationships with their children. The analyses took into account the mediating role of parental stress and the following indicators of the mother-child relationship: mother’s perceived closeness with her child and mother-reported increase in the use of harsh parenting related to the pandemic. Method: The perceived threat of coronavirus and the pandemic experiences were assessed using scales based on the Coronavirus Experiences and Impacts Questionnaire (Conway, Woodard, & Zubrod, 2020). Parental stress was tested using the Polish version of The Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995), while the mother’s relationship with the child was measured using the Polish version of the scales developed by Chung, Lanier, and Wong (2020). The study involved 155 mothers who are in a relationship and have at least one child up to 12 years of age. Statistical analyses were performed using SEM structural equation modeling. Results: It was found that during the pandemic, mothers’ negative experiences related to the pandemic had a significant effect on mother-child relationships, which was associated with a greater increase in the use of harsh parenting as reported by mothers and a decrease in their perceived closeness with their children. This effect was mediated by parental stress. There was no significant correlation between the perceived threat of coronavirus and mother-child relations. Conclusions: The pandemic and the related difficult situations constitute a significant risk factor for child abuse and neglect in the group of mothers. This indicates the need to support mothers.
Physico-chemical properties, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of honey from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ismail Mukhtar , Abdallah Emad M. , Elsharkawy Eman R.
Published: October 2021

Wild honey is believed to have plentiful nutritional and health benefits. Numerous studies dealing with the characteristics and biological activities of honey have proved its biological activities. However, little is known about Saudi wild honey. In the current study, the physico-chemical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of five varieties of wild honey collected from different locations in Saudi Arabia were examined. Results showed that, the physico-chemical characteristics of all samples were in compliance with international standards. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis exhibited that fructose is the major sugar type in all examined wild honeys, which was found in highest concentration in flowers honey (46 g/100 g), whereas, the lowest fructose concentration was found in Ziziphus honey (36 g/100 g). All monofloral honey showed significant antioxidant activity. Alfalfa honey recorded the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Ziziphus honey, respectively. However, Tamarisk honey recorded the lowest antioxidant activity among honey samples. Honey's antibacterial activity against five microorganisms displayed differing degrees of inhibition. The overall findings indicated that no antifungal activity was seen against Candida albicans. The antibacterial examination of honey samples revealed non-significant activity against all tested bacteria, except with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA 1026, where the Acacia honey exhibited significant activity against this bacterium (p < 0.05), with a mean of inhibition zone of 12.0+0.0 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5%. The results of the other types of honey were statistically non-significant.
The “damned of inclusion”, or the normalization of the discourses and social processes of criminalisation of young adults in Portugal: a complex set of social, legal and criminal disruptions
Authors: Branco Patrícia , Pedroso João
Published: October 2021

Portugal, with circa 10 million inhabitants, has almost 800 young people, aged 16-24 years, serving prison sentences. The majority comes from low-income families living in sensitive urban areas of Lisbon and Oporto, with low levels of education, and many are Afro-Portuguese or come from African Portuguese-speaking countries. These young people are thus identified with the neighbourhoods where they live, portrayed as violent and problematic. The narratives from the actors of the justice system we interviewed suggest that such depiction results from a set of plural disruptions – social, legal, and institutional – leading to the selectivity and criminalisation of this group of young people. We thus call them the “damned of inclusion” since the plurality of exclusions affecting them hasn’t been addressed holistically by the social inclusion programs created in the last decades. Since these young men are “caught under the radar”, there seems to be a criminal reaction from the law, the judicial practices and the prison system – which turns into a normalizing response.
INDUKSI KALUS CENGKEH DARI EKSPAN DAUN MENGGUNAKAN 2,4-D SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Rasud Yulianti , Basri Zainuddin , Sahiri Nirwan
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Callus induction is one method of tissue culture which is done by stimulating cell division continuously from certain plant parts such as leaves, roots, stems, and so on by using growth regulators to form cell mass. The cell mass (callus) will then regenerate through organogenesis or embryogenesis to become a new plant. One of the growth regulators used for callus induction is 2,4-D. The aims of this experiments was to evaluate the best concentration of 2,4-D for callus induction of clove leaves. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with treatment tested was concentrations of 2,4-D, consisted of six levels, namely 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 2.5 ppm and 3.0 ppm. Results of this experiments indicated that the best medium composition for callus induction was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 ppm 2,4-D.  In the medium composition, the fastest callus formation, namely 6.00 weeks after culture and the percentage of callus formation reached 100% with the color and texture of the resulting callus white and crumb. Keyword : Callus Induction, Clove, 2,4-DABSTRAK Induksi kalus merupakan salah satu metode kultur jaringan yang dilakukan dengan jalan memacu pembelahan sel secara terus menerus dari bagian tanaman tertentu seperti daun, akar, batang, dan sebagainya dengan menggunakan zat pengatur tumbuh hingga terbentuk massa sel. Massa sel (kalus) tersebut selanjutnya akan beregenerasi melalui organogenesis ataupun embriogenesis hingga menjadi tanaman baru. Salah satu zat pengatur tumbuh yang digunakan untuk induksi kalus adalah 2,4-D. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi 2,4-D yang lebih baik untuk induksi kalus daun cengkeh.  Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah media MS yang ditambahkan berbagai konsentrasi 2,4-D yaitu 0,50 ppm, 1,5 ppm, 2 ppm, 2,5 ppm, dan 3 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi media yang terbaik untuk induksi kalus daun cengkeh adalah media MS yang ditambahkan 0,5 ppm 2,4-D.  Pada komposisi media tersebut diperoleh saat muncul kalus paling cepat, yaitu rata-rata 6,00 MST dengan persentase pembentukan kalus tertinggi mencapai 100% dengan warna dan tekstur kalus yang dihasilkan putih dan remah. Kata Kunci :  Induksi Kalus, Cengkeh, 2,4-D.
EKSPLORASI DAN KARAKTERISASI CENDAWAN TANAH PADA RIZOSFER SAWI
Authors: Pudjiwati Eko Hary , Sari Nur Faradila , Jamaludin Jamaludin
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTSoil fungis are one of the soil microbes that can be beneficial or detrimental to plants, so they play an important rolein agriculture. This study aims to determine the abundance and characterization of soil fungi in the rhizosphere ofmustard greens. Isolation and identification of soil fungus was carried out in the Pest and Disease Laboratory of theFaculty of Agriculture, University of Borneo Tarakan. The fungus was characterized macroscopically andmicroscopically, and the pathogenicity test, phosphate dissolution activity test, proteolytic activity test and chitinhydrolysis test were carried out. The results of the study obtained 34 fungus colonies. Based on the phenotypiccharacteristics there were 9 fungi isolates with different characteristics, 4 isolates from 9 isolates were non-pathogenic.In non-pathogenic fungi isolates, 2 genera were obtained, namely genus Phialophora sp. and Paecilomyces sp. Thereare non-pathogenic fungus isolates that have proteolytic activity and chitin hydrolysis so that it has the potential as abiological fertilizer and biological agentKeywords: Soil fungis, rhizosphere, characterization  ABSTRAK  Cendawan tanah merupakan salah satu mikrobia tanah yang dapat bersifat menguntungkan atau merugikan bagitanaman, sehingga berperan penting dalam bidang pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahandan karakterisasi cendawan tanah di daerah rizosfer sawi.  Isolasi dan identifikasi cendawan tanah dilakukan diLaboratorum Hama dan Penyakit Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Cendawan tanah dikarakterisasisecara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, dan dilakukan uji patogenesitas, uji aktivitas melarutkan fosfat, uji aktivitasproteolitik dan uji hidrolisis kitin. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 34 koloni cendawan. Berdasarkan karakteristik fenotipterdapat 9 isolat cendawan dengan karakteristik yang berbeda, 4 isolat dari 9 isolat bersifat non patogen.  Pada isolatcendawan yang non patogenik, diperoleh 2 genus yaitu genus Phialophora sp. dan Paecilomyces sp. Isolat cendawannon patogenik yang diperoleh ada yang memiliki  aktivitas proteolitik dan hidrolisis kitin sehingga berpotensi sebagaipupuk hayati dan agens hayati.  Kata kunci: Cendawan tanah, rizosfer, karakterisasi
PEWARISAN GEN KETAHANAN JAGUNG TERHADAP PENYAKIT BULAI (Peronosclerospora maydis)
Authors: Pudjiwati Eko Hary
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTResistance to downy mildew is influenced by the source of the inherited resistance genes or parents used in the breeding program. In assembling maize varieties resistant to downy mildew, it is important to know the number and action of genes related to downy mildew resistance. This study aims to determine the number and action of genes from three hybrid varieties, namely varieties P21, P3 and NK 33 which will be used as parents. Populations of F1 and F2 from three commercial varieties of corn hybrids were used as genetic material in this study. The results showed that resistance to P. maydis was controlled by two pairs of genes with double dominant epistasis gene action for P21 variety and recessive dominant epistasis gene action for P3 and NK33 varieties. The heritability prediction value of resistance character for the three varieties was low. The genetic progress of resistance characters in P21 and NK33 varieties was low, while P3 varieties had high genetic progress values. The P3 variety can be used as a source of resistance genes for the assembly of maize varieties that are resistant to downy mildew, and selection should be carried out in the next generation.Keywords: Corn, Downy Mildew, Inheritance, Heritability, ABSTRAKKetahanan terhadap penyakit bulai dipengaruhi oleh sumber gen yang mewariskan ketahanan atau tetua yang digunakan dalam program pemuliaan. Dalam perakitan varietas jagung tahan penyakit bulai informasi jumlah dan aksi gen terkait  ketahanan penyakit bulai penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah dan aksi gen dari tiga varietas hibrida yaitu varietas P21, P3 dan NK 33 yang akan digunakan sebagai tetua. Populasi F1 dan F2 dari tiga varietas hibrida jagung komersial digunakan sebagai materi genetik dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap P. maydis dikendalikan oleh dua pasang gen  dengan aksi gen epistasis dominan ganda untuk varietas P21 dan aksi gen epistasis dominan resesif untuk varietas P3 dan NK33. Nilai duga heritabilitas karakter ketahanan untuk ketiga varietas tergolong rendah.  Kemajuan genetik karakter ketahanan pada varietas P21 dan NK33 adalah rendah sedangkan varietas P3 mempunyai nilai kemajuan genetik tinggi. Varietas P3 dapat digunakan sebagai sumber gen ketahanan untuk perakitan varietas jagung yang tahan penyakit bulai, dan seleksi sebaiknya dilakukan pada generasi lanjut.Kata kunci: downy mildew, heritabilitas, jagung, pewarisan
Formulasi Sediaan Shampo Antiketombe Ekstrak Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc
Authors: Sari Amelia Sari , Hayati Rima Hayati
Published: October 2021

Ketombe merupakan suatu keadaan anomali pada kulit kepala dan salah satu penyebabnya ialah jamur Malssezia sp. Tanaman Jahe merupakan bahan alam yang mengandung senyawa antijamur, yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, triterpenoid dan steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi sediaan sampo antiketombe ekstrak rimpang jahe konsentrasi 3,13% dengan 2 basis yang berbeda dan evaluasi sediaan shampoo.  Basis Na CMC dan HPMC dapat diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan shampoo ekstrak jahe. Evaluasi sediaan shampoo dari organoleptis, tinggi busa, pH dan viskositas  sudah memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan SNI.Kata Kunci : Shampoo, Ekstrak Jahe, Na CMC, HPMCDandruff is an anomalous condition on the scalp and one of the causes is the fungus Malssezia sp. Ginger plants are natural ingredients that contain antifungal compounds, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids. The aim of this study was to make a formulation of anti-dandruff shampoo preparations of ginger rhizome concentration of 3.13% with 2 different bases and evaluation of shampoo preparation. Base Na CMC and HPMC can be formulated into preparations of ginger extract shampoo. Evaluation of shampoo preparations from organoleptic, foam height, pH and viscosity have met the requirements based on SNI.Keywords: Shampoo, ginger exract, Na CMC, HPMC
Analisis Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif Tanin Ekstrak Kulit Buah Delima Putih (Punica Granatum L.) Menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT)
Authors: Wahid Rahmat A Hi
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAKKulit buah delima putih (Punica granatum L.) diketahui mengandung tanin. Tanin merupakan senyawa polifenol yang dapat larut dalam air dan pelarut organik juga dapat mengendapkan protein. Tanin terdapat luas dalam tumbuhan dan digunakan untuk sarana proteksi serangan hewan, bakteri, jamur, serta dapat digunakan sebagai hepatoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara analisis tanin yang sesuai sehingga diperoleh kadar tanin dalam ekstrak kulit buah delima putih menggunakan metode Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT).Kulit buah delima putih diekstraksi dengan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi selama 5 hari. Pengujian kualitatif tanin dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan KCKT. Sedangkan pengujian kuantitatif tanin dengan KCKT menggunakan fase diam kolom C18 Octadesyl Silane (ODS) 25 cm x 4,6 mm, fase gerak asam fosfat 0,55% (v/v), kecepatan alir 1,5 mL/menit, elusi isokratik, dan menggunakan detektor spektrofotometer UV (λ 277 nm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan waktu retensi 25,0 menit. Linearitas diperoleh dengan memplotkan luas puncak kromatogram dan konsentrasi isolat menunjukkan korelasi yang baik (r =0,999) dengan persamaan regresi linear y = 645,6x. Kadar rata-rata tanin ekstrak etanol kulit buah delima putih yang ditetapkan dengan KCKT sebesar 2,01%. Dari hasil penelitian ini  dapat disimpulkan bahwa analisis kualitatif tanin dapat dilakukan dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan KCKT sedangkan analisis kuantitatif dapat dilakukan dengan KCKT.Kata kunci : Folin-Ciocalteu, KCKT, Kulit Buah Delima Putih (Punica granatum L.), Tanin.The peel of white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is known to contain tannins. These chemical are polyphenols that can be disolved in water in addition to organic solvent and protein. The aim of this study is to quantify and optimize the composition of tannin extracted from pomegranate peel extract by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The peel of white pomegranate is extracted by maceration method using 70% of ethanol liquid. HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu was used as qualitative analyze of tannins, and quantitative analyze by HPLC with Octadesyl Silane (ODS) 25 cm x 4,6 mm as stationary phase C18 column, phosphoric acid 0,55% (v/v) as mobile phase, the flow rate 1,5 mL/minute, isocratic elution and with spectrofotometer UV detector (λ 277 nm). Result showed that a retention time of 25.0 minute.Linearity obtained by plotting the peak area of chromatogram and the concentrate of isolate showed that good correlation (r=0,999) with the equality of linear regretion y = 645,6x. The average content of extract tannins ethanol the peel of white Pomegranate that determinated with HPLC is 2,01%. As a conclusion, the qualitative analyze of tannins can be used by Folin-Ciocalteu and HPLC methods, and quantitative analyze can be used by HPLC.Keywords: Folin-Ciocalteu, HPLC, Tannins, Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)