bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OSOBLIWOŚCI PODATKU VAT, ZWIĄZANE Z IMPORTEM TOWARÓW
Authors: Synowiec Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Import of goods is treated by Polish legislator in exceptional way. Polish Act on the goods and services tax contains the definition of import, which is the delivery of goods from another state to state’s territory. The phrase state’s territory on the bases of Polish Act means the territory of Po- land and the phrase another country means the European Union member state. Nevertheless, the same Act provides several exceptions to this princi- ple. As a result, it may turn out that despite the fact that imported goods are in fact from member state, the Act on the goods and services tax treats them as goods from another country. This standpoint has been also approved by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Generally, Polish Act on the goods and services tax required paying value added tax on imported goods. There are hardly any exceptions to this rule. The taxation of import is a principle and very often contributory causes are not relevant at all. As for legal subjects which potentially may be VAT tax- payers it must be said that Polish Act on the goods and services tax limited their range to legal person, organizational unit which has not got legal per- sonality and the self – employed. In case of import the range of potential VAT taxpayers is broader and it is usually connected with paying customs duty.
POTRZEBY PACJENTÓW PSYCHICZNIE CHORYCH
Authors: Łupiński Stanisław , Mizerska Krystyna , Grzeszczuk Witold
Published: February 2017

Mentally ill patients are influenced by the progress of their illness and the conditions they come across when being in hospital. Moreover, the pa- tient’s mental state is the key factor conditioning the course of treatment and the speed of recuperation. Therefore, when the patient is admitted to hospital it’s significant to provide him/her with the good care to compensate the seperation from one’s family and surroundings. It is highly important to ask for the patient’s habits and routines and to inform the family about the visiting hours and the possibility of enquiring about the patient’s condition. For this reasion, the hospital staff should create the atmosphere which satisfies the patient’s needs and which simultaneously has a positive impact on his/her psyche.
DYNAMIKA LUDNOŚCIOWA W POLSCE NA POCZĄTKU XXI W
Authors: Majkowski Wladyslaw
Published: February 2017

Demographers analyzing the dynamics in the world's population face two types of problems. For the past they did not posses accurate data on the number of people in the world or in any particular society. Proposed by them number are more of a conjecture than of a high degree of probability. The sci- entists do not have data on that matter. For the future, it does not mean that the present demographic trends observed over a particular period of time will last in the future. For example, based on the data from the early 60s of the last century some demographers predicted that in 2000 the Polish population may exceed the size of 46 million. This had not happened. Contrary, Polish Society of the dynamic demographically turned into aging and its fertility dropped down to the lowest in Europe and even in the world. Referring to that E. Frątczak observed. Changes that have occurred over the life of the family in the first half of the period of transition in Poland should be considered shock- ing when it comes to the scope, depth, and a short period of time in which these changes have been implemented. The most important factors of change seem to be: disseminated one-child model family, divorce, alternative styles of family life, lack of adequate policy.
NAUCZANIE JANA PAWŁA WIELKIEGO SKIEROWANE DO MŁODYCH CAŁEGO ŚWIATA
Authors: Łupiński Stanisław
Published: February 2017

John Paul the Great, during his teaching, addressed to the youth of the world a lot of special well-known words. He always had time and a good word for young people during meetings with the youth: the special is the Letter of the Young People in the World Parati simper; in addition, meetings within the World Youth Days and during his pilgrimage to the countries around the world, where he met with youth. The article presents the most meaningful events and words to the young of the whole world.
INFORMATION ECONOMY AS A NEW ECONOMIC SYSTEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
Authors: Hushko Serhii
Published: February 2017

The article deals with the information economy as a new economic system wherein information and knowledge are the main products. It is proved that a central component of  an  economic  system  is work  with  information  and  use of information systems in the process of management. The author substantiates the requirement for the  search  of new  approaches  to  the  solution  of  problems of development of institutional structures of information economy. At the same time a new economic system of the development of society is able to transform not only economic policy of separate countries but also lessen the value of underlying instruments of stereotyped economic policy on the whole.
THE INNOVATION POLICY OF UKRAINE: PRINCIPLES, CONDITIONS, CRITERIA
Authors: Pestova Tetyana
Published: February 2017

The article deals with effective state support instruments for intellectual resources development. Author evaluates the level of intellectual resources development in Ukraine and discloses the major problems arising during its application. The main concepts of the work were directed on the effective state policy recommendations, which would improve Ukrainian intellectual resources functioning.
THE MODELLING OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Kulishov Volodymyr
Published: February 2017

The  article  researches  degree  of  social  systems  openness  in  terms of modern globalization process, international economic cooperation, relationships establishment, the unavoidability of new progressive model of economic development transition, the emergence of a national economic innovation systems, the formation of innovation market, trends and problems of the innovative economy modelling, emergence of agglomerations and complexes, the role of clusters in the economic process.
SHAPING OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF THE CAREGIVERS OF ALZHEIMER’S PATIENTS
Authors: Korzekwa Piotr , Mizerska Krystyna , Kosior-Lara Adrianna
Published: February 2017

The aging of society will result in a dramatic increase of the age-related incidence and the effects of Alzheimer’s disease will be acutely felt not only by the patients but also by their families, carers and the whole population. The population of Poland is approximately 40 million. The aging process can be observed in Poland, the main reasons for that are: the declining birth rate and simultaneously the lengthening of the average human lifespan. During the discussion about medical, moral and social problems connected with the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Each of us sometimes forgets about something, for example, where we put the keys or if we turned off the gas or iron. One should start to worry when this happens very often, many times during the day. To discuss the care of patients with Alzheimer's disease the following information should be taken into consideration in order to know how to prepare the working conditions and environment for the caregivers.
THE MEANING OF LIFE OF PEOPLE ADVANCED IN YEARS
Authors: Łukasiewicz Jacek , Łukasik Rafał
Published: February 2017

The article concerns the problems of the sense of life and self-esteem in people in their late adulthood. The study was aimed at capturing the relationship between the sense of the meaning of life in people of late adulthood and their self- esteem. We then  analyzed  the  problem  of  whether  the  variable  of  the  place of residence of  the  respondents  (private  home  vs  home  with  social  assistance is a differentiating factor in their sense of the meaning of life and their level of self- esteem.  In  order  to  answer  the  questions  surveyed  using:  Questionnaire  about attitudes to life and the Rosenberg Self-Assessment Scale. The participants in this study group of 100 people in late adulthood, were divided into two groups of 50 people. In the first group were residents of private homes, in the other group, nursing home residents in Betania in Lublin. Studies have shown a significant relationship between the level of sense of life and the place of residence. It has been shown also that people living in a nursing home have a higher level of acceptance of death than those living in private houses.
KARDYNAŁ GERHARD LUDWIG MÜLLER, UBÓSTWO, ZE WSTĘPEM PAPIEŻA FRANCISZKA, WYDAWNICTWO KUL, LUBLIN 2014, S. 156
Authors: Szymańska Maria
Published: February 2017

Przedmiotem niniejszej wypowiedzi jest niezwykłe dzieło autorstwa Gerharda Ludwiga Müllera współczesnego filozofa, teologa, kapłana, arcybiskupa, wykładowcy teologii dogmatycznej na Wydziale Teologii Katolickiej Uniwersytetu Ludwika – Maksymiliana w Mona- chium, doctora honoris causa Uniwersytetu Katolickiego w Limie. Pełniącego równocześnie funkcję visiting profesora w wielu światowych uniwersytetach.
JOSEPH PILSUDSKI’S PLANS AND CONCEPTS OF THE ARMY
Authors: Odziemkowski Janusz
Published: February 2017

The ultimate goal of political and military engagements of Joseph Pilsudski was reviving the sovereign Polish Republic, which has not existed politically for 123 years. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, the future Head of State was confident that soon will break out in Europe an “universal war”, which will create favorable political situation for the cause of Poland buried by European diplomats in 1871, with the defeat of France in the war with Prussia which changed the balance of power on the Old Continent. He believed that a necessary condition for the use of this situation is the presence of Polish soldiers on the battlefields. Only then if the Poles will possess viable armed force their voice will be heard. Pilsudski insisted that armed struggle must be realistic. In planning purposes, one should not settle unrealistic aims or introduce forms of struggle inadequate to the forces and capabilities of the insurgent army. An armed uprising will have to face the enormous technical and numerical predominance of the enemy. According to J. Pilsudski there is only one external factor which can contribute to the defeat of tsar, otherwise a victorious struggle with Moscow would be impossible. This external factor is a war, which will reveal the weakness of the Russian state and undermine its foundations. This will be a favorable circumstance for regaining country’s independence. It will work, however, as long as the fight will be prepared in advance, and the uprising (revolution) will be commanded by trained staff. Joseph Pilsudski’s plan included military, politycal and economic joint action of the whole Polish sociiety; the aim was one: to restore independet Polish Republic.
CZESTOCHOWSKA OR OSTROBRAMSKA VIRGIN MARY… PILSUDSKI’S BOND WITH "THE LOVELY CITY"
Authors: Filipow Krzysztof
Published: February 2017

Life of the Marshal Joseph Pilsudski from his early years was associated with Vilnius – the capital of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Vilnius – his native soil. He was born in Zułow, a short distance from Vilnius and in Vilnius, as a young boy, he attended school. He lived there and later on, while living in Warsaw, visited the city many times, so when he fought for a free Poland before regaining her independence, as well as at the period of the sovereign Polish Republic. It was his will that his heart might be laid in his mother’s grave at the Vilnius cemetery – Rossa: mother and her son's heart. Ties of the Head of State with Vilnius were reflected in an atmosphere of family life, at school, while visiting beloved city, its military conquests and finally the wish to leave his heart to the Vilnius soil with the remains of his beloved mother. Marshal was the son of Lithuania and a great Polish patriot. For the homeland he probably has done more than anybody else.
KNOWLEDGE OF PATIENTS ON HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
Authors: Wanot Bartosz , Tysiąc-Miśta Monika , Biskupek-Wanot Agnieszka
Published: February 2017

Herpes simplex virus is a virus which is spread worldwide. It is estimated that up to 90% of human population is infected by it. Due to the ways of spreading (saliva, sexual intercourse) HSV infection is common in human population and constitutes a serious health problem. Knowing that this disease may manifest itself in many different ways leading to severe conditions like meningitis it is very important to educate the socie- ty about theses dangers. In order to investigate dental patients' knowledge about herpes a survey was conducted. 50 patients took part in the research. The ques- tions covered the following topics: What is the level of patients' knowledge about cold sores? Whether patients consult on herpes labialis with a doctor? If not, how do they expand their knowledge on this sub- ject? Did the patients observe an increased severity of disease in autumn and winter? How do the respondents treat herpes labialis? What is the degree of infectivity in families of people with herpes? The conducted study reviled that the majority of respondents showed a good and a very good level of knowledge about cold sores. Patients possessed their knowledge mainly through conversations with friends and family and Internet research. It was also found that in most cases patients apply proper treatment. That is why the treatment effects are satisfactory.
INITIAL AND LONG-RUN IPO RETURNS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Zasępa Piotr
Published: February 2017

Initial Public Offerings constitute one of the most important activities in corporate finance, bringing substantial amounts of new capi- tal to the corporate sector. Floating stock is a commonly used method for companies to gain new capital for new investments, to refinance their investments, or to adjust their debt/equity ratio. In this paper we will examine Central and Eastern Europe IPO in terms of initial and long-run returns. Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) is currently among the leading European stock markets in terms of initial public offerings. The IPO activi- ty on the Polish capital market contrasts sharply with the number of new listings performed in other Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) however all region is important in terms of capital market. The main goal of the paper is to examine IPOs and its underpricing in the period 2000- 2012 on the stock exchanges of Warsaw, Prague, Budapest, Bratislava, Ljubljana and Vienna.
PHARMACEUTICS IN THE MEDIA
Authors: Mackiewicz Sylwia , Wanot Bartosz
Published: February 2017

Pharmaceutical marketing is to draw the attention of the recipi- ent on the price, availability and positive effects that are associated with their use of the product. It is constructed so that the potential recipient feels satisfied. Easy access to pharmaceuticals, the popularity and prom- ise made by producers in the advertising slogans are the most important elements responsible for product recognition. After hearing the public opinion of society on pharmaceuticals in the media, it is important to analyze how the ads affect the subconscious customers, how often they buy medication and whether these satisfy the their expectations In the survey, respondents answered questions related to the use of pharmaceuticals. The survey was designed to determine what factors affect people when buying medical supplies. Also asked about the feelings and reactions of respondents that have them advertised pharmaceuticals. The research shows that respondents are reluctant to buy adver- tised measures which have not previously tested. During their choice they are primarily driven by personal experiences. The vast majority number of respondents are aware that the advertising purchase a particular phar- maceutical and despite their belief that it is worth to trust well – known medications, customers are inspired by advertising.
THE POSSIBILITY OF EXERCISING THE PROFESSION OF THE PUBLIC CONFIDENCE OUTSIDE THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORK IN LIGHT OF THE PROVISIONS OF ART.17ACT 1OF THE POLISH CONSTITUTION
Authors: Wiatrowski Jacek
Published: February 2017

The Constitution of the Republic of Poland does not put on the legislator of the duty of creating the councils of the professions of the public confidence, but in the case when the legislator uses this possibility, he has to appoint structures having all features of the proper professional self-governments of . That although regulation of art. 17 Act 1of The Polish Constitution leaves the autonomy in defining to the legislator, and stating which of them are the professions of the public confidence, the legislator should take into consideration the long-standing tradition and social expectations.
THE SAFETY OF THE FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKET – BANKS AND SHADOW BANKING
Authors: Misterska Monika , Wanot Bartosz , Kowalewski Mikołaj
Published: February 2017

In Poland the operations and activities of banks are subject to supervision of the Financial Supervices Authority. In Poland we have also Bank Guarantee Found. From 1-st January 2011 in the European Union, European System of Financial Supervision is functioning. Every states recognize the vital role of banks providing an environment conducive to the sustained development of the national economy. The fiduciary nature of banking that requires high standards of safety. In the article we pre- sented also differences between banks and shadow banking. Shadow banking, in fact, symbolizes one of the many failings of the financial sys- tem leading up to the crisis in many countries.
STUDENT INTERNSHIP OF DROHOBYCH STATE IVAN FRANKO PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY AND POLONIA UNIVERSITY IN CZESTOCHOWA – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Vynarchyk Mariya
Published: February 2017

Pedagogical practice is an integral part in the education system. This study focuses on a comparative analyzing of pedagogical practice in State Pedagogical University Ivan Franko in Drohobych and Polonia University in Częstochowa and belongs to the field of pedagogy. We explored the basic criteria of pedagogical practice in the education system: basic definitions, general provisions, objectives, learning outcomes, organization and holding period, forms of practice.
WORK AS A VALUE IN MAN’S LIFE. SELECTED ASPECTS
Authors: Bejma Urszula
Published: February 2017

In the life of every man there are values for which he lives and through which he achieves his aims. One of these values is undoubtedly a work that has a huge impact on the broader human development and at the same time determines the cooperation of people and social groups; in a word, it affects the whole of society. The role of work in human life is so significant that it affects man’s life in every stage of his career. The importance of work for the individual becomes most evident in the case of its loss and lack; an unemployed for a long time person is suffering, not only because of the lack of funds necessary for the maintenance and reducing the possibility of consumption, but also because of the deterioration in the quality of social contacts and family life.
IMPROVEMENT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNAL AUDITING OF THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Dmitrenko Maksim
Published: February 2017

To maintain the quality management system (QMS) of the company in working condition and continuously improvement its efficiency, auditors must continually improve and enhance all processes of the organization. In identifying priorities, optimization is consider an effective advantage of the internal audit. Internal audit - the main tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the quality management system. Standard ISO 9011 defines audit as a systematic, independent and documented process to obtain audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which audit criteria. The requirement to conduct internal audits of quality management system contained in p. 8.2.2 ISO 9001: 2011.
ACCOUNTING EXCHANGE PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS WITH IMPORT MATERIAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES FOR BUSINESS ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Izmaylov Yaroslav
Published: February 2017

Summarizes applicable laws and regulations of the national system of accounting record-keeping of foreign exchange settlement for imports of material and energy resources for economical activity of Ukrainian enterprises. Given a methods of determining the customs value of the imported commodity-material values provided for the election of independent companies-importers in the formation of accounting policy. Proposed procedure for accounting of purchase of foreign currency and determining exchange rate differences for application in the accounting practice of enterprises-importers. The recommended comprehensive approach to the accounting for the acquisition of enterprises-importers of the commodity-material values.
COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH SENILE DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE VERSUS PSYCHOPHYSICAL STRAIN OF THE CARERS
Authors: Mizerska Krystyna
Published: February 2017

The care provided for patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia is expensive. The patient requires a lot of healthcare products, medicines, rehabilitation equipment and paid protective services and nursing care. Care costs increase with the progression of the disease. Rest and respite from looking after the patient are the carer’s significant need. Despite the exhaustion caused by long-term care of the sick, the carer is often unaware of that need.
THE PROBLEMS OF POLISH AND COLOMBIAN IMMIGRANTS EXPERIENCED DURING THE PROCESS OF THEIR PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION TO THE HOST CULTURE IN USA
Authors: Jurjewicz Hubert
Published: February 2017

The cultural aspects of the problems of immigrants in the new country have gained much attention of acculturation researchers in the recent decade. This study analyzes the psychological and social adaptation issues of immigrants to the United States. The study focused its analysis towards Polish and Colombian immigrants. The conceptual framework of the study was based on Berry’s acculturation strategies and Ward’s dimensions of acculturation. The study employed a qualitative research design. Primary data collection instrument of the study was semi-structured interviews. There were 136 research participants living in Diocese of Paterson, New Jeresy with sixty eight from Polish origin and sixty eight from Colombian origin. The sampling method used was snowball sampling. The purpose was to investigate their problems from psychological perspectives as well as socio-cultural perspectives. The researcher analyzed the issues in the light of four acculturation strategies of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization. The researcher also analyzed the issues using the variables of psychological adaptation and socio-cultural adaptation. For psychological adaptation, the variables used were coping styles, life changes, social support, and personality. For socio-cultural adaptation, the variables used were length of stay, language fluency, and interaction with local people. There were some significant patterns found in the study. Participants who immigrated by choice were inclined towards assimilation, while those immigrated forcefully were inclined towards separation. Language proficiency in English was found as the biggest barrier in the acculturation process. The social support was positive if the cause of immigration was to join the family in the new country. It was negative if the cause of the immigration was better prospects. Families treated the immigrants as ignorant to the family and people also labeled them as unpatriotic. Time also plays an important role and the problems of acculturation reduce when the length of stay increases. Mixed trends were found in interaction with local people. Polish participants described their interactions as positive, while Colombian participants had concerns about it. Social policy implications of the research include measures in mental health and education.
L’ENSEIGNEMENT BILINGUE AU CONTEXTE DU CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE
Authors: Vynarchyk Mariya
Published: February 2017

This study focuses on the specifics of bilingual education in the context of the Council of Europe. The research is in the field of pedagogy that leads the pedagogical analysis of the relevant criteria in the ownership of two foreign languages in the education system.
CZY KARTA PRAW PODSTAWOWYCH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ JEST ZA OBRONĄ ŻYCIA ?
Authors: Podlecki Franciszek
Published: February 2017

Karta Praw Podstawowych Człowieka Unii Europejskiej jest dokumentem, który wychodzi naprzeciw działania człowieka, na polu spo-łeczno-gospodarczym. W szczególny sposób jest ona omawiana, a jednocze-śnie krytykowana, przez autorów, którzy dotykają spraw związanych z życiem ludzkim. Problem wolności w wyborach postaw ludzkich, jest często ukazy-wany i omawiany w różnych dokumentach państwowych i kościelnych. Życie jako wartość różnie we współczesnym świecie może być interpretowane. Istotą rzeczy uważam jest to, aby móc podejmować takie decyzje, które nio-słyby szacunek dla życia o momentu narodzin do naturalnej śmierci.
METODY BADANIA RELACJI MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH
Authors: Kukowski Mikołaj
Published: February 2017

Artykuł jest poświęcony metodologii badań relacji między-narodowych. Przedstawione w nim zostały różne nurty oraz koncepcje ich analizy. Szczególnie jednak opisano trzy najważniejsze z nich: podejście (neo)realistyczne, (neo)liberalne oraz konstruktywistyczne. Ambicją autora było dokładne omówienie ich wad i zalet przy ich zastosowaniu do naukowej analizy stosunków międzynarodowych.
SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE WITH LATINOS AND POLISH: BASED ON THE STUDY IN NEW JERSEY AND NEW YORK, USA
Authors: Jurjewicz Hubert
Published: February 2017

The tasks social workers are set when working with immigrants are not easy. They require extensive knowledge from the social worker concerning intercultural communication as well as legal and administrative procedures, which may apply to foreigners. A lot of centres ask certain questions, e.g. which techniques and methods are the most effective when working with immigrants; how to improve the state of knowledge of health care and access for foreigners to treatment in the United States; how to raise social workers’ awareness of the special needs of third-country citizens and of the consequences and risks resulting from the lack of intercultural competence. The paper presents the work of social workers with immigrants of Polish and Latin American origin based on the example of the states of New Jersey and New York in the USA. This paper is a part of a larger re-search project run by the author. For the purpose of the paper the most important elements concerning the topic are presented.
AWARENESS OF EDENTULOUS PATIENTS USING COMPLETE DENTURES IN THE FIELD OF ORAL HYGIENE AND HYGIENIZATION OF RESTORATIONS
Authors: Tysiąc-Miśta Monika , Białożyt Ewa , Nitsze Monika , Cieślik Magdalena
Published: February 2017

Today, preventative medicine is almost as important as treatment. In dentistry, it also has its justification. Frequency and intensity of dental caries are still at a high level, and the percentage of edentulism is not decreasing. Therefore, condition of health awareness in Poland is still insufficient. Many patients have a misjudged belief that with the loss of own teeth, oral hygiene is unrequired. It is worth noticing, so in order to investigate the awareness of edentulous patients using complete dentures in the field of oral hygiene and hygienization of restorations an anonymous survey was conducted in a group of 80 people. The questionnaire included ten short questions about the level of oral hygiene from before loss of teeth, frequency and methods of cleaning dentures, the length of wearing dentures during the day and storage of dentures. It also contained questions about the frequency of dental appointments and the presence of any pathological symptoms on oral mucous membrane. From the survey, we can draw conclusion that the hygiene of dental restorations and edentolous oral cavity continues to be unsatisfying. Patients do not receive any informations on the correct hygienization or they are transferred in a unintelligible way. Repeatedly, instructions given to patient are inconsistent, what discourages proper care for hygiene. Perhaps it is worth considering to define clear guidelines to hygienization for edentolous patients.
Architecture as system: Study of housing systems evolution
Authors: Rasul Hoshyar Qadir
Published: February 2017

Understanding architecture via the concept of system came after numerous, rapid and different developments upon all aspects of architecture, especially since the last third of past century till the present day.Some theories characterized architecture as the complex whole that based on the different relationships and interrelationships with different sciences, besides of the multiplicity and independency of internal components, it should be assigned into the world of integrated system.This study attempts to explain the phenomenon of architecture through the concept of (system), in order to include both its cognitive (the subject) - which is potential, and realistic presence (the object) -which is explicit. This study tries to explore both sides of the concept, in order to understand the architectural system -in one hand and determining its components -in the other hand.To find out how these systems which have been developed via some housing projects, as an integrated system; comprised by secondary sub-systems with clear limits, within the total system of the housing project. This study follows the inductive and descriptive approach as a methodology, depending on the related literatures and applied available theories in residential projects during different periods of time.The study aims to identify the systems and levels, set to reach a comprehensive understanding of the architectural system in general, and the evolutions of housing systems, in particular, benefiting from the rapid developments of this architectural style (Housing), which have been seen in many various levels too.
Encysted Hydrocele of Canal of Nück
Authors: Babakir-Mina Mohammed , Ahmed Mohialdeen Fadhil , Mohialdeen Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim
Published: February 2017

The canal of Nuck is analogous to a patent processus vaginalis in a male, which normally loses its communication to the peritoneal cavity within the first year of life. Failure of obliteration of this tract can result in a hydrocele. We present a case of 38 years old lady referred to our surgical unit from Gynecologist as left obstructed femoral hernia. A fluid filled sac (Encysted Hydrocele of Canal of Nück) with small indirect inguinal hernia.
Study of the Chemical and Sensory Properties of a Calcium–milk Coagulum
Authors: Al-Saadi Jasim M. S. , Siamand Rahela
Published: February 2017

The chemical and sensory properties of a calcium–milk coagulum which were prepared from heated skim milk were investigated. The yield of calcium milk coagulum was 18.16%, and this value was higher than the yield of soft cheese which was 10.6%. At zero degree of cold storage, the moisture, total solids, acidity, lactose, proteins and ash% in calcium milk coagulum were 66.6, 33.3, 0.14, 3.7, 26.9 and 1.7 % respectively, While these values in soft cheese were 72,27.9, 0.13, 3.5, 21.8 and 1.4 % respectively.Sensory evolution scores for flavour, holes, bitterness, appearance & colour of calcium milk coagulum at zero degree and after 28 days of storage at 7±1°C were higher than soft cheese, while texture and body scores were less than soft cheese. After 14 days storage at (7±1 °C) the total bacterial count, Coliform count and fungi count of the soft cheese sample was significantly higher than that in calcium milk coagulum.
Assessment of eating behaviour in obese children of Bangor city
Authors: Qasem Attallah O.
Published: February 2017

Obesity is a major health problem for people living in the UK, and it currently affects many children. The objectives of this study is to assess the psychometric measures of eating behaviour associated with obesity in primary school-aged children in the city of Bangor (North Wales, UK). Across-sectional survey of children’s eating behaviours and their relationship to obesity was done in four primary schools in the city of Bangor (North Wales, UK).The study utilized the method of cross-sectional survey of Wales’s children’s eating behaviour in association with obesity using two groups of children aged 7–8 years and 10–11 years through four junior schools in Bangor. It was assessed using the Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) and body composition was estimated using BMIs. Total of 153 children 81 were boys and 72 were girls. The statistical analysis used is based on multiple regression analysis with the dependent or predicted variable being BMI and the independent or predictor variables being food responsiveness, emotional under eating and exercise.It was found that exercise was significant at p value< 0.042 and negatively associated with BMI, which means that there is a significant difference between exercise and BMI. Two behavioural characteristics derived from the CEBQ which are food responsiveness and emotional under-eating. This is statistically significant at p value <0.01 and positively associated with BMI, show that increase food responsiveness and emotional under-eating is different with increases of BMI.The psychometric measures of children’s eating styles obtained from CEBQ showed that exercise change as above, with BMI; that is children who were rated as having more exercise were more likely to have a lower BMI.
The Effectiveness of Posturicular Fascial Flap as an Adjunct to Suture Otoplasty
Authors: Abdilkarim Dana Abdulmagid , Raheem Qader Ari , Ahmed Mohammed Salah
Published: February 2017

Mustardé technique of otoplasty is probably the most famous and practical among all otoplasty procedures especially in our centers. Yet it possesses the risk of suture extrusion, stitch granulomas and recurrence. Such complications have been reported, albeit few, yet they are bothersome to patients and their families. Placing tissues between the suture lines and the postauricular incision whether grafts or fascial flaps have been reported to reduce these complications.This study was set to evaluate the effectiveness of elevating a post-auricular fascial flap to cover the sutures in Mustardé and Furnas techniques for reducing the risk of suture extrusion and granulomas and possibly recurrence.Eleven patients with prominent ears (21 ears) fit our inclusion criteria. Nine of them were males and two females. They underwent suture otoplasty with post-auricular fascial flap in Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital in Sulaimania from December 2011 to July 2015. Their mean age was 15.5 years, with a mean follow-up period of 242 days (ranged from 66 days to 431 days. Polydioxanone suture was used in (6 ears), and polypropylene suture was used in (15 ears).We achieved 91% satisfaction rates among patients and their families (only one patient was unsatisfied). One patient developed partial recurrence of the middle half of antihelix in one side (4.7%). Another one developed bleeding that only needed pressure and change dressing in the left ear (4.7%).  Adding fascial flap to cover the sutures appears to be beneficial in preventing suture extrusions and granulomas and possibly recurrence by acting as another supporting layer.
Effects of Chemical Weapons on Cancer Development in Human
Authors: Muhammad Belal A.
Published: February 2017

Although use of chemical weapons has low probability, it can cause a large scale casualties among exposed people if it is used. These kind of weapons have been used by human being since ancient history. However, the first large scale usage started with World War I followed by World War II. Several regulations and guidelines have been set by different organizations such as North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to limit the usage of these weapons. However, till the present time the world is not free from the risk of these weapons on human life.While the effects of chemical weapons on certain human systems including respiratory and immune systems as well as the dermatological complications have been extensively studied, the relation between chemical weapons and cancer development has not been fully understood. This review addresses the definition and usage of chemical weapons in addition to the types of chemical agents used in their production. Evidences about the chemical weapons and cancer development have also been thoroughly discussed. In summary, it appears that data regarding carcinogenicity of chemical weapons in human are both limited and contradictory. Accordingly, any claim about the carcinogenic effects of these kind of weapons in the exposed victims need to be properly validated.
Morphological and morphometric study of Echinococcus granulosus (metacestode) in Sulaimani Province/ Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Hama Abdullah A. , Shareef Osama H.
Published: February 2017

Hydatid disease (echinococcosis) is a parasitic infection   caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus with the global distribution. This disease is endemic in Iraq and Kurdistan Region with no strategy and long-term control plan. The strain identification of this parasite is essential to improve both monitoring and prevention of the disease. For this reason, the present on the morphological characterization of the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from sheep, cattle, and human beings, was carried out in Sulaimani as an atempt to determine the polymorphism among echinococcus hooks isolated from diferent hosts. The morphometric of hooks were evaluated by (computerized morphometric) software. A significant difference was found in the blade length and width (guard) of the hook isolated from a different intermediate host of Echinococcus. This finding suggested that different strains of E. granulosus are responsible for animal and human infection in Kurdistan-Iraq.
Dactylogyrus dulkeiti Bychowsky, 1936 (Monogenea: Dactylogyride): first occurrence on the gills of Carassius auratus Linnaeus, 1758 from Dukan Lake in Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Younis S. , M. A. Abdullah Shamall
Published: February 2017

This study presents the first record of the monogenean parasite Dactylogyrus dulkeiti Bychowsky, 1936 on gill filaments of the crucian carp Carassius auratus in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Fifty two fishes were collected from Dukan Lake that is located in the northwest of Sulaimani City from April to the end of July 2015. The prevalence of this parasite was 7.69% and the mean of intensity was 8.5. The description and measurement of this parasite has been discussed in details in the current work. The aim of the studyis to indicate the parasitic fauna of an exotic species of fish that introduced in Dukan Lake in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
The Effectiveness of Amniotic Membrane as Skin Graft Fixator and Graft Take Accelerator, a Clinical Research Study
Authors: Abdilkarim Dana A , Qader Ari Raheem , M. Yonis Abdulsalaam
Published: February 2017

The amnion is a thin semi-transparent tissue forming the innermost layer of the fetal membrane. It has been claimed to be one of the most effective biological skin substitutes used in burn wounds, with efficiency of maintaining low bacteria count.This study was set to evaluate the effectiveness of amniotic membrane as skin graft fixator and graft take accelerator.This work is a prospective study carried out in Burns and Plastic Surgery Hospital in Sulaimani for period from 1st of April to end of August 2015 on convenient sample of 33 burned patients.Mean age of burned patients was 24±19 years, Most (93.9%) of burned patients were treated by covering raw area with meshed SSG and only two patients were treated by covering with sheet SSG. Most (90.9%) of burned patients who had treated with covered SSG had taken in comparison with non-covered SSG with amniotic membrane. Postoperative complications for skin areas treated with covered technique were 3; graft loss due to infection, graft loss due to shearing and graft loss due to hematoma.Amniotic membrane induces the graft take among burned skin and fastening the skin healing with fewer complications.
Evaluating e-Court Services Using the Usability Tests Model Case Study: Civil Court Case Management
Authors: Saeed Soran , Nawroly Sarkhell , Hama Rashid Hozan , Ali Nizar
Published: February 2017

Electronic Court (e-Court) is an Initiative to deliver services to citizens and court agencies (mainly lawyers). It enables citizen to view information and court agencies to access court services through online services. Its implementation has improved the efficiency of governance and court services in Sulaimani. However, it is the first evaluation study on the e-Court to reveal the facilities of the e-Court system using the Usability Test Model.This paper aims to evaluate the e-Court services in Sulaimani by using Usability test and analysis.  The Usability test model consists of four main parts which include effectiveness, efficiency, learnability and satisfaction. Effectiveness test; means whether a particular task can be done by users. Simply, test for efficiency; means doing the task fast without getting frustrated. Learnability test; focuses on the number of clicks to accomplish tasks and errors that participants make during the test, this can be used to measure learnability. Simply, all participants vote by rate to determine the level of satisfaction. Generally, satisfaction can be defined as to what extent it is enjoyable or pleasant.A specific test is conducted to get data then the data is analysed based on usability tests model. In the test; five different tasks are given to five users. All the tests are recorded. The test only applied to the civil court as a pilot due to all the courts work in the similar process.
ACCRUAL ACCOUNTING & FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR TO ENHANCE ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY (REFRAMING IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA)
Authors: Shonhadji Nanang
Published: February 2017

Implementation modified cash basis at public sector in Indonesia have adopted to implement accrual accounting and financial reporting as the basis for their reformed accounting policy. Public administration in Indonesia has changed dramatically since 1999. The country has gone through one of the fastest and most comprehensive devolution reforms ever seen. Managerial and financial responsibilities have been decentralized from central government, mostly to local government at the district level. Under accrual accounting, government  reports  financial flows in terms of an operating statement equivalent to a business profit and loss statement. If the budget operating balance is  zero,  then  this  year's  operating  expenses  are  being  fully  covered  by this  year's  revenue. Expenses are not  the  same  as  outlays so expenses  measure  this  year's  costs  of production, whereas  outlays  does  not. Prior to the introduction of accrual accounting, the Indonesian government have fiscal policy indicator which underlying cash balance. It was the cash budget balance which the local government. With the arrival of accrual accounting, however, the cash budget balance has been supplanted in this context. This helps us to compare the cash budget balance with fiscal balance. This phenomenon has been widely debated in public management circles, and within the academic literature. Many of these debates however, have been arid and narrowly technically focused. This paper reviews the harmonization process of Indonesian local public sector accounting suppose some main adjustments regarding and prepared exposures draft to harmonize this problem
PENGARUH KUALITAS SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA PENGRAJIN SENTRA INDUSTRI KECIL TENUN IKAT
Authors: Sitohang Sonang
Published: February 2017

This study aimed is  to analyze both simultaneously and partially the effect of the variable quality of human resources consisting of; technical skill, mental attitude, work discipline, work motivation, as well as between the four variables which are the dominant influence on the performance weaving ikad craftsmen small industries. Sampling technique use the census method. The number of respondents who were 52 of weaving craftsmen small industries in Lamongan.  Instrument tests using  validity and reliability test. Method of data analysis is a classic assumption test (normality test, multicollinearity, heteroskedastitas test), multiple regression analysis and hypothetical test (F test and t test) with significance level 5%. The test results shows either simultaneously or pasial, indicates that the variable quality of human resources consisting of technical skill, mental attitude, work discipline, work motivation, significant effect on performance. Meanwhile, the technical skill is the dominant variable affecting to the performance of weaving craftsmen small industries in Lamongan.
PENGARUH TIPE KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN: STUDI EMPIRIS DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Soejono Fransiska
Published: February 2017

This research is aimed to test the difference in financial performance between firms with various types of ownership (foreign, state, and private) on a sample of 206 firms listed in BEI between 1999-2006 period resulting 795 firm-year observations. ANCOVA model and multiple comparisons are used to test the hypothesis that private-owned firms have better financial performance than state-owned firms and foreign-owned firms have better financial performance than private-owned firms. Contrary with the hypothesis, the result shows that state-owned firms have a better financial performance than private-owned firms. The result also shows that foreign-owned firms have better financial performance than private-owned firms which support the hypothesis. There are some implications of these results. First, different type of ownership give different effect to firm’s financial performance. Second, government can consider foreign ownership in its privatization policy.
PENGUATAN EKONOMI LOKAL MELALUI E-READINESS BERBASIS ONE VILLAGE ONE PRODUCT (OVOP)
Authors: Muafi Muafi , Kusmantini Titik , Gusaptono Hendri
Published: February 2017

This research aims to test; (1) the influences of organizational eReadiness to success of development, (2) the influences of external eReadiness to success of development, (3) the influences of organizational eReadiness to eCommerce benefit, (4) the influences of external eReadiness to eCommerce benefit, and (5) the influences of succces development to eCommerce benefit. Survey method is applied in this research. The data primary and secondary data. The population is the entire SME (small medium entreprises) in Jarum village, Bayat sub district, Klaten regency in Central Java. The sample quantity is 31 SME (small medium entreprises). The technique of sample drawing used is method of purposive sampling. This research applies statistical technique of Partial Least Square (PLS). The conclusion of all the hyphoteses proposed are; (1) there are no influences of organizational eReadiness to success of development, (2) there are influences of external eReadiness to success of development, (3) there are no influences of organizational eReadiness to eCommerce benefit, (4) there are influences of external eReadiness to eCommerce benefit, and (5) there are influences of succces development to eCommerce benefit.