bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İhale Usulü ve Sözleşme Türünün Yapım İşi Sözleşme Bedeline Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KOCAMAN Ezgi , KURU Merve , ÇALIŞ Gülben
Published: April 2019

Yapım işlerinde
sözleşme bedeli kamu harcamaları içinde büyük öneme sahiptir ve dolayısıyla en
düşük bedelli sözleşmenin ihale sürecinde sağlanması gerekmektedir. Ancak,
yapım işi sözleşme bedelinin ihale usullerinden ve/veya sözleşme türünden
etkilenip etkilenmediği konusunda açıklık yoktur. Bu çalışma, (1) sözleşme
bedeli ve ihale usulü (2) sözleşme bedeli ve sözleşme türü (3) sözleşme
bedeli/yaklaşık maliyet oranı ve ihale usulü arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması
amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda 2007 ve 2017 yılları arasında gerçekleşen yapım
işleri verileri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ihale usulü ve sözleşme türünün
sözleşme bedelleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkisi olduğunu
göstermektedir. Ayrıca, pazarlık usulü ihale türü, sözleşme bedeli/yaklaşık
maliyet oranında istatistiksel olarak farka neden olmaktadır.
A Realidade das Decisões sobre Liberdade de Expressão, Honra e Imagem no STF e no STJ
Authors: Hartmann Ivar
Published: April 2019

O problema da previsibilidade com relação ao que é lícito expressar segundo um sistema jurídico vigente está diretamente vinculado ao chilling effect. O custo para a sociedade da existência de menos opinião sendo expressada em razão da incerteza sobre se o autor será punido mais tarde ou não. Ou seja, não se trata apenas da função de produção de precedentes para dar previsibilidade sobre como o STF e o STJ protegem a liberdade de expressão, honra e imagem, mas também de gerar material autoritativo que aumente as chances do uso de precedentes operacionalizáveis nas instâncias inferiores. O estudo busca responder a pergunta: quais as condições de qualidade da atuação do STF e STJ? O problema de pesquisa é subdividido em quatro: i) com que frequência os tribunais decidem sobre o assunto?; ii) qual o timing das decisões?; iii) as decisões são tomadas em situações que permitam a análise atenta e completa dos fatos e questões jurídicas do caso?; e iv) as decisões são tomadas pelo STF e STJ como órgão colegiado pleno ou fracionário, conforme a previsão constitucional? Os resultados indicam que os tribunais superiores lidam com carga de trabalho que inviabiliza qualquer chance de uma análise do direito infraconstitucional ou constitucional aplicado ao caso concreto. As condições nas quais trabalham os ministros impedem a qualidade da prestação. Os tribunais não decidem como colegiado e transformaram-se em um conjunto de decisões monocráticas.
The simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and HIV-infection
Authors: Yudin A. L , Afanaseva N. I , Blazhko V. D , Myasnikov Dmitriy A. , Yumatova E. A
Published: April 2019

The clinical and roentgenologic manifestations of tuberculosis in cases of its detection simultaneously with HIV-infection are considered. The physician is to be guided by different techniques of radiologic diagnostics because of low rate of bacteria isolation for timely detection of HIV-combined tuberculosis. In case of simultaneous detection of HIV-infection and activation of endogenous tuberculosis infection with development of tuberculosis in the same individual, the infection with HIV-infection occurs as a primary one. The specific inflammation develops against the background of immunodeficiency induced by HIV-infection. This occurrence can take place both at the stage of primary manifestations of HIV-infection (stage II) and late stage (stage of secondary diseases).
The prevalence of mental disorders among women serving a sentence in penal colony
Authors: Bardenshteyn Leonid M. , Shaklein K. N
Published: April 2019

The article presents new data concerning prevalence of mental disorders among female convicts. the clinical epidemiological technique was applied to sampling of 1054 women serving a sentence in penal colony. The results of studies demonstrated that factually every second woman suffers of problems of mental health. The conclusion is made that this occurrence is related to specifics of conditions of imprisonment and also with number of biological, social, environmental, psychological factors that favor development of mental pathology in severe penitentiary conditions.
The parallel comparative study of metabolism of fatty acids in erythrocytes and other tissues under experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mikaelyan Nina P. , Nguen Z. Kh , Komarov O. S , Mikaelyan K. A
Published: April 2019

The parallel study of impact of Streptozotocin diabetes mellitus on level of lipids and content of fatty acids in blood, in homogenates of skin, liver and muscular tissue in conditions of oxidative stress demonstrated that in rats at early period of development of diabetes mellitus alongside with hypertriglyceridimia and hypercholesterolimia, significant alterations are observed in content of fatty acids of blood and homogenates of analyzed tissues. The alterations are accompanied with peroxidation of lipids and decreasing of activity of enzymes-antioxidants and also decreasing of degree of utilization of glucose by erythrocytes. under experimental diabetes mellitus significant increasing of saturated fatty acids, especially palmitic fatty acid, results in decreasing of level of mono unsaturated fatty acids (at the expense of oleic fatty acids) that significantly differs of corresponding spectrum in patients with diabetes mellitus. The results of study also testify that already at early stages of development of diabetes mellitus alterations in pool of fatty acids of erythrocytes and homogenates of liver, skin and cardiac muscle similar (with slightly differences) and in all analyzed tissues disorders of fatty acids metabolism are characterized by atherosclerotic direction.
The evaluation of effectiveness of public selective control in the system of counteraction to turnover of nonstandard medications
Authors: Bidarova Fatima N.
Published: April 2019

The developing activity of Roszdravnadzor concerning implementation of its powers serves as a serious obstacle for intrusion of falsified counterfeit and of poor quality medications into Russian market. However, support of population of Russia with high quality medications continues to be a serious and until now unresolvable problem for public authorities. The study was carried out to evaluate the actual system of measures concerning public controlling quality of medications. The system is implemented by Roszdravnadzor and its territorial boards in all federal okrugs following by selective sampling of medications. The study included data from the web-sites of Minzdrav of Russia, Minzdrav of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alaniya, Roszdravnadzor, The Republican center of control and certification of medications (hereinafter referred to as the Republican center). The techniques of repetition-free sampling was applied in sociological survey. The total of processed questionnaires amounted to 20. The study was carried out in the North ossetia state medical academy during 201402016 conjointly with the Republican center. The particular shortcomings of actual practice of implementation of state selective control of quality of medications were investigated. The necessity of further enhancement of the system of state control and surveillance at actual stage of development of administrative reform is reasoned. It is proved that at the regional level a new concept of coordination of interdependent structures is needed concerning territorial boards of Roszdravnadzor, the Russian Federation subjects' departments of licensing and regional expertise organizations on issues of quality of pharmaceutical production. The conclusion is drawn that the normative legal base requires further development. The core issues are organization and implementation of controlling compliance of medications in circulation with established obligatory requirements to quality, including in the course of selected control of quality of medications. The development of conceptual apparatus is needed for comprehension and interpretation of processes related to implementation of selective control of quality of medications.
THE DISORDER OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION OF HEART UNDER FIBRILLATION OF ATRIA
Authors: Baymukhanov A. M , Khamnagadaev I. A , Gendlin G. E , Nikitin I. G
Published: April 2019

In spite of significant increasing of number of patients with disorders of diastolic function of heart and fibrillation of atria, understanding of mechanisms of their development and modes of treatment is still to be reached. The present review presents Actual view of the role of diastolic dysfunction of heart in development and progression of fibrillation of atria, including possibilities of its adjustment after interventional treatment.
THE ROLE OF SYMPATHICOTONIC REACTIVITY OF ORGANISM AND GROWTH FACTORS IN PATHOGENESIS OF SYNDROME OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY
Authors: Lukyanova D. M , Smolnova Tatyana Yu.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of study. To explore input of vegetative nervous system, fatty tissue as endocrine organ and further inter-tissue interactions in pathogenesis of syndrome of polycystic ovary.The material and methods. The analysis of publication data concerning prevalence of syndrome of polycystic ovary in women with normal body mass and obesity and also about involvement of neural regulation, molecular genetic and biochemical mechanisms in development of syndrome of polycystic ovary. The results. The publication data is presented concerning effect of sympathic adrenal system on fatty tissue and ovary under syndrome of polycystic ovary. The characteristics of synthesis of growth factors are considered including their effect on development of insulin resistance resulting in subsequent hyperinsulinemia in female patients with the given syndrome.The conclusion. The syndrome of polycystic ovary is a wildly prevalent multi-factorial pathology conditioned by both genetic and environmental factors. The particular role in pathogenesis of this syndrome play alterations of vegetative regulation, carbohydrate metabolism and steroidogenesis. The review presents data concerning effect of totality of growth factors and sympathic innervation of development of clinical manifestations of the syndrome of polycystic ovary.
THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN AN ACTUAL OUT-PATIENT PRACTICE
Authors: Andreeva O. Yu , Melekhov Aleksandr V. , Gendlin G. E , Nikitin I. G
Published: April 2019

The arterial hypertension is considered as a serious disease both in Russia and many other countries. The level of target arterial pressure is reached far from in all patients receiving hypotensive therapy. The article presents the data concerning efficiency of hypotensive therapy applied to 144 patients. Their level of arterial pressure was evaluated during its office measurement and day monitoring. The group comprised out-patients observed in polyclinics of one of the Moscow okrugs and in departmental polyclinic of Moscow oblast. to all patients’ evaluation of compliance was applied considering gender, age and type of professional activity. The analysis established that in actual clinical practice the target values of arterial pressure are reached in 22%-50% of patients receiving hypotensive therapy. The level of arterial pressure in young people and patients of older age factually had no difference. The high compliance to applied treatment was established only in one third of patients. The target level of arterial pressure was reached only in one third of young patients. Therefore, in today's actual clinical practice a successful treatment of arterial hypertension remains ineffective as 17 years ago.
THE COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME
Authors: Damulin Igor V. , Galaeva A. A
Published: April 2019

The article considers clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and therapy of complex regional pain syndrome. The historical reference on this issue is provided. The description of clinical case of complex regional pain syndrome with positive effect against the background of applied therapy is presented. It is emphasized that besides complications related to monitoring of this category of patients, the presented case is an evidence of inadequate studying of pathogenesis of complex regional pain syndrome. The pathophysiologic concepts explaining development of complex regional pain syndrome are presented: activation of neurogenous inflammatory alterations, development of pathologic sympathetic afferent links and neuroplastic alterations in central nervous system. The focus is made on mal-adaptive character of neuroplastic alterations of sensory and motor cortex. The results of modern neuro-visual methods of study are analyzed permitting to look from a new perspective on origin of clinical disorders in this condition. The significance of disorders of cerebral links in case of complex regional pain syndrome. These results are based on analysis of functional links («connectom in rest»), temporarily and space characteristics of which are altered in presence of chronic pain. The conclusion is made that the very impact of functional links altered under complex regional pain syndrome provides possibilities for new methods of treatment of this state.
THE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL SATURATION INDEX AS A TECHNIQUE OF HEALTH STATUS CONTROL
Authors: Turkina T. I , Shcherbo S. N , Kiseleva E. V , Savina M. I , Vaganov P. D
Published: April 2019

For the first time, the method of ozonization permitted to determine standard values of level of unsaturation in healthy people. The samples for analysis can be isolated from blood plasma or blood serum, cellular membranes, tissues, exudates, female milk. To analyze 0.05 ml of plasma of blood serum and 200 000 cells are more than enough. The method has high sensitivity (1%), selectivity and performance (0.5-3.0 min per single analysis). The method permits to establish risk groups under mass examination of population, to forecast course and development of disease, to detect onset of latent period or complication, to control efficiency of the chosen scheme of treatment.
THE CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETIC PARALLELS OF PERI-OPERATIONAL ANTIBIOTICS PREVENTION IN ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Authors: Larichev Andrey B. , Babadzhanyan A. R , Fomin A. N , Kryuchkov V. B , Efremov K. N , Smirnova A. V
Published: April 2019

The purpose of study is to evaluate features of pharmacokinetics and efficiency of cefoperazone as a mean of peri-operational antibiotic prevention under surgical treatment of ventral hernia. Material and methods. The results of herniotomy and meshed endoprosthesis replacement were analyzed in 459 patients who, 20 minutes before the operation, received intravenous bolus injection of 1 g of cefoperazone with purpose of preventing wound infection. The pharmacokinetics of medication was analyzed according developed technique of capillary electrophoresis using device KAPEL-105M («Lumex», St. Petersburg). The analysis was applied to blood, urine and tissues of wound (skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, aponeurosis, muscle, peritoneum) taken after 20, 40 and 60 minutes after injection of cefoperazone. The results. The first stage of study established that content of cefoperazone in subcutaneous fat is as much as possible approximated to its concentration in blood and it is 2-3 times higher in peritoneum. At the 60th minute a higher level of cefoperazone is observed in all tissues except subcutaneous cellular tissue though it is most stable there. At that, wound complications are established in 9 (1.95%) patients, including 2 (0,44%) patients шт the form of seroma. Discussion. In case of intravenous injection cefoperazone is distributed in tissues in the way that up to 60th minute of study, a significant decreasing of medication level (p
THE PLASMA FLOWS IN SURGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Shulutko A. M , Osmanov Elkhan G. , Chanturiya M. O , Macharadze A. D
Published: April 2019

Nowadays, the various techniques of thermal energy are applied for dissection and coagulation of biological tissues in surgery. The plasma surgery technology is on of the leading one among them. Multiple publications concerning application of plasma flows testify the following advantages: bloodless dissection of tissues, hemostasis and sterilization of wound surface, making of optimal conditions for subsequent regeneration of tissue substrate, especially due to stimulating effect of molecules of exogenous nitrogen oxide (II) of air plasma jet. On the basis of publication data, the analysis is applied to efficiency of the given technology, features of plasma physical effect in various regimen, possibilities of combined application of this technology with other physical chemical methods. The article presents in details historical aspects of development of plasma technology in Russia, types of plasma installations, specific thermal alterations of organs and tissues after plasma processing in surgical regimen. The method was successfully approved in abdominal and thoracic surgery, operative gynecology, stomatology and oncology. However, plasma technology is mostly called-for in contaminated surgery. This technology, in combination with surgical processing, provides efficient elimination of necrotizing masses and pathogenic flora; thorough hemostasis with formation of mechanically isolating scab as a barrier for in-hospital infection. The fast settlement of inflammatory occurrences in the very wound and in tissues of para-vulnar zone and also stimulating effect on regeneration processes testify positive effect of sanation with various plasma flows in treatment regimen.
THE BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER TYPE II
Authors: Bardenshteyn Leonid M. , Osipova N. N , Slavgorodsky Ya. M , Beglyankin N. I , Aleshkina G. A , Turansky M. M
Published: April 2019

The article presents review of modern publications concerning studies of bipolar affective disorder type II. The materials are summing up concerning national and international studies of characteristics of clinical course of depressions and hypo-maniacal states within the framework of bipolar affective disorder type II, problems of differential diagnostic of bipolar affective disorder within spectrum of affective pathology. The significance of studying of pre-morbid background in case of bipolar affective disorder type II, co-morbid states for prognosis of course of disease is demonstrated. The screening, diagnostic and estimated scales and questionnaires are considered including principles of their application as an add-on to actual international diagnostic systems ICD-10, DSM-IV-TR, DSM-V.
A STUDY OF THE MEDICO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MORBIDITY AMONG ADULTS AND CHILDREN IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Polunin Valеriy S. , Al-Sabunchi Abdul Majid Ali , Korolik V. V , Buslayeva G. N
Published: April 2019

For morbidity is assessed the health of the population, which influence the socio-economic conditions and lifestyle factors, conditions and external factors Wednesday, biological conditions and factors, conditions and factors of the system and service health care. In Russia regularly examines the details of medico-demographic aspects of population health, but the necessary activities to enhance the health of the population of the countries of the Middle East hampered by various problems. Purpose - a study of the medico-social aspects of morbidity among adults and children in the Arab countries of the Middle East. Materials and methods. The research of health status of the population and the influence of socio-hygienic factors in Yemen, Iraq and Syria during the period of 2005-2010, studied modern informational materials on this issue. Results-the health status of the population of Yemen, Iraq and Syria is under the constant influence of the complex socio-hygienic factors mostly negative for the high morbidity of population, the low availability of medical assistance and health literacy, poor living conditions, material income. The first 5 places in the structure of morbidity of the population occupy: andnfekcionnye and parasitic diseases (28.3%), diseases of bodies of digestion (26.1%), respiratory (13.7%), circulatory (12.3%), injuries ( 3.6%), accounting for 83.5% of pathology. Total morbidity adult and children population of the countries surveyed the first three places are occupied by respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and diseases of the digestive system. Almost half of the urban population have daccess to primary health services in the countries studied, the inhabitants of the village-only every fourth. This process in the period from 2011 to 2017 years worsened in connection with military actions. Correction of the prevailing situation is possible only with the establishment of peace and the use of preventive recommendations.
ASSESSMENT OF ACTUAL TERMS OF REGISTRATION EXAMINATION OF MEDICINES FOR 2011-2018
Authors: Olefir Yu. V , Koshechkin Konstantin A. , Romanov B. K
Published: April 2019

The key issue in discussing the possibility of entering the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation are aspects of the fulfillment of state registration expertise procedures. Estimation of the timing of its implementation suggests a change in the efficiency of the entire system for regulating the circulation of medicines. A reduction in the total actual period from the receipt of the first application for registration of a drug to the receipt of a positive opinion from 340 to 311 calendar days on average was established. At the same time, the number of negative opinions decreased from 52% to 7%. On the basis of the obtained data, it was concluded that there is a general tendency to accelerate the release of new drugs to the market.
ABNORMALITY IN LEARNING ON THE MODEL OF PARKINSON-LIKE SYNDROME: THE CORRECTABILITY BY THYMUS PEPTIDES
Authors: Korolev A. G , Novoseletskaya A. V , Kiseleva N. M
Published: April 2019

In recent times the question of the bidirectional interactions of the neuroendocrine and immune systems is studied quite actively, its mechanisms offer the opportunity to allow for optimization the therapy of several diseases, including Parkinson’s disease. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of peptide drugs derived from the body’s immune system, the thymus, for the avoidance test conditioning, both in health and in the model of Parkinson-like syndrome. The work was performed on 80 male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g. The injection of thymosin fraction 5 and thymalin to animals corrects clinical traits and behavioral dysfunctions caused by the singular injection of the neurotoxin. It also facilitates conditioned active evasion response in rats, which is especially noticeable at the early stages of memory footprint formation.
NONCLINICAL STUDIES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY DERIVED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS - THEORY AND PRACTICE SPECIFICITY
Authors: Samsonov Mikhail Yu. , Dmitrieva A. A , Konopleva G. E , Shipaeva E. V , Barbashov S. F , Lavrovsky Ya. V
Published: April 2019

Nonclinical studies of biotechnology-derived medicinal products are discussed in the article in terms of new original fusion protein RPH-104 - high potency IL-1β signal pathway antagonist. Specificity of biotherapeutics is connected to complexity of molecules. Efficacy, pharmacokinetic and toxicity nonclinical studies of the biotherapeutics are conducted using relevant species taking into consideration potent immunogenicity. Cytotoxic reactions risk assessment is also important. Accurate nonclinical studies planning can help to obtain sufficient information about potential target organs for toxicity, reversibility of toxic effects and determine safety parameters. According to ethical principles in vivo studies can be optimized using modern in silico analysis, computer modelling and in vitro testing.
Enhancing purchase intention through marketing activities and brand equity: An exploration of local brand coffee bar in Thailand
Authors: Surikhan Urairat , Panyapan Waratthaporn , Kamkankaew Pongsiri , Thanitbenjasith Phithagorn , Limpiangkanan Patcharaporn , Kaewma Kanlaya
Published: April 2019

Due to marketing activities, brand equity is the important marketing thought for academic and entrepreneur practices. Creating an appropriate brand equity management has been indicated significant topic for small and medium enterprises. Along with local brand coffee bar in Thailand, with the growing competitive, the customer of local brand coffee bar behaves like a high switching brand and a low brand loyalty. This quantitative study examines significance of marketing activities and brand equity dimension, such as brand awareness, brand association, brand perceived quality and brand loyalty, to enhance purchase intention in local brand coffee bar in Thailand. The customers of local brand coffee bar are attended to collect data in Chiang Mai, which is the one largest city in Thailand. For supporting the research, hypothesis was employed by the structural equation modelling. The results argue that marketing activities and brand awareness have a high strong combined enhance on purchase intention. Keywords: Brand equity, service marketing mixed, purchace intention, local brand, coffee bar.
Correlates of Perceived Job Performance Among Employed Adults With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rumrill Phillip D. , Roessler Richard , Li Jian , Bishop Malachy , Inge Katherine J.
Published: April 2019

Background

The expectation to remain in the labor force is a powerful indicator of long-term employment outcomes for people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and it is determined in part by perceived current job performance.

Objective

This study identified correlates of perceived job performance among working adults with MS.

Method

Participants included 611 members of nine National Multiple Sclerosis Society chapters representing 21 states and Washington, DC. Participants were employed, and primarily female (81%), older (average age of 48 years), and White (77%).

Results

Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that males, Whites, people without or with low levels of cognitive impairment, and those who reported stronger job/person matches and higher levels of job satisfaction were more likely than other participants to positively evaluate their own job performance. The aggregated predictors explained 20% of the variability in participants’ job performance self-ratings.

Implications

Findings show the complexity in predicting how satisfied employed people with MS are with their overall job performance, which in turn shapes their expectations and intentions about staying in or disengaging from the workforce. The implications of the findings for rehabilitation counseling interventions and for identifying adults with MS who would benefit from early intervention are discussed.
THE PECULIAR FORMATION OF THE WATER REGIME IN SODDY-PODZOLIC SOIL IN DIFFERENT POSITIONS OF SOIL CATENA
Authors: Muromtsev N. A. , Anisimov K. B.
Published: April 2019

Under consideration is the dynamics of moisture reserves and soil water potential in different parts of the catena represented by soddy-podzolic slightly gleyed soil. Peculiar features in the development of moisture reserves have been identified in different elevated positions of this catena and their transformation in time depending on the weather conditions. It is shown that the dynamics of soil water potential in dependence on the depth of the soil profile and time well agrees with the peculiar changes in moisture reserves.
THE INFLUENCE OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON SOIL DEGRADATION AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY IN THE CRIMEA
Authors: Pashtetsky V. S. , Zhenchenko K. G. , Prikhodko A. V.
Published: April 2019

The information of the impact of adverse natural phenomena related with the high temperature regime, deficit of precipitation and strong winds on the soil erosion, growth and yield of the crop. The status of shelterbelt, their ecological significance and the role of melioration and soil protection tillage systems in the Republic of Crimea are discussed.
Criteria for identification of the form and functional properties of the soil profile in georadiolocated studies by using georadar “Loza-B”
Authors: Voronin A. Ya.
Published: April 2019

The valuable criteria for identification of the soil profile form and its some functional properties are considered as determined by interpretation of radarograms in the course of georadiolocated profiling of different territories using the geophysical device “Loza-B”. Apart from a standard set of procedures for digital processing of radarograms and constructing a temporary profile of changes in the reflected impulse amplitude along the direction of its sounding and transformation with depth, it is suggested to use the information on changing the dynamic characteristics of the wave field in homogenous media. This information involves the data about splash of the wave field, determination of diffraction points (synphasic axes) corresponding to horizons and objects under study, calculation of the frequency characteristics for distribution of reflected signals in the soil profile. A simple homogenous layer has a periodical sequence of picks in the amplitude spectrum within the depth of this layer. Changes in the thickness of the soil horizon are calculated by analyzing the local values of amplitude maximum of reflected impulses in the radarogram. The procedure of soil verification based upon the comparison of real soil profiles with standard ones within the framework of a definite classifier is conducted by statistic methods for calculating the polynomial functions of trend values of the signal amplitude according to its duration. The statistical processing includes calculation of average values, standard deviations and the distribution frequency of signal amplitude connected with the layer thickness and the amount of signal oscillations. The indices of Furie’s spectral transformation (frequency, period, spectral density) along with trend characteristics of polynomial modulations are considered as the major criteria for the two-staged identification of soils. In spite of attractive pattern of Furie’s spectral transformation the calculation of trend models should be testified by data obtained for soil profiles in field.
The Classification of Soils and Agriculture
Authors: Savin I. Yu.
Published: April 2019

In the most of the cases, the practical use of knowledge about the soils is actualized by the use of the soil maps. The soil maps reflect the spatial inhomogeneities of soils in terms of accepted classification of soils. The prop on the basic classifications of soils leads to impossibility of the obtaining of the part of the properties of soils on the basis of traditional soil maps. However, these properties are important for the solving of agricultural tasks. The material composition, and also the processes occurring within the soils determine the plant growth, agrotechnics of their cultivation, and also terms, quantity, and quality of fertilizers, which are needed to be implemented for the soil. In other words, the classification of soils should be substantive and process for its use in agriculture. Taking into account actual state of the soil science, the special classification of soils may be replaced by geographic informational system, created for the purposes of agriculture. This system will contain the collected and linked together information about the spatial variation of separate important agronomic properties. It will also contain such data, which are necessary for geo-informational modeling of actual processes, occurring within the soil. Such computer system may serve as the basis for the assessment of soil quality for the purposes of one or another type of desirable land use, and also, for modeling of economic and ecologic efficiency of the land use. Only those properties which are necessarily should be taken into account in terms of the particular type of the use may be included into the assessment under each of the land use type.
The Organic Matter Pool, Composition and Transformation in Soils of Middle Siberia
Authors: Chuprova V. V.
Published: April 2019

The structure and agrogenic transformation of organic substance in chernozems of Middle Siberia are considered (within Krasnoyarsk Krai, Khakassia and Tuva). The comparative-geographic, comparative-analytical and stationary observation methods are used in this work. These investigations are based on ideas of academician I.V. Tyurin, who had a Krasnoyarsk period in his creative work. All of the forms of humic compounds of chernozem type are presented in the studied soils. The mineralized (transformed) pool of organic matter in chernozems (19-28 t C/ha) is characterized by set of the plant residues, microbial biomass and a mobile humus. The entrance of plant residues into the soil of a graminae-fallow-hoed crop rotation makes 3.32 t C/ha per year, graminae-grass - 3.89 C/ha per year. The contribution of living roots reaches 40-70% of year stocks of the plant residues. The entrance of additional portions of "fresh" plant material with straw and green manure increases the mineralized pool of the organic matter and its decomposition intensity. The amount of microbial biomass in an arable layer of chernozems fluctuates from 1.5 to 3.0 t C/ha. The decomposition of plant residues occurs at k = 0.37-0.44. The share of a mobile humus (water- and alkaline-soluble compounds) as a part of the mineralized chernozems OM reaches 69-77%. The seasonal variability of mobile humus concentration is determined by the unequal rate of plants death, the entrance into the soil and decomposition of plant residues, different intensity of their transformation in neoformed humic substances. Losses of humus mobile compounds in soils of Krasnoyarsk Krai (0.23 t C/ha per year) contain about 7% of his expenses on the forming of net primary production and are compensated here by a neoformed humus at 91%, in soils of Khakassia - at 34%, Tuva - only at 16%.
Índice bruto de sustentabilidade dos municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Recena Aydos Leonardo , Figueiredo Neto Leonardo Francisco
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho apresenta o Índice Bruto de Sustentabilidade dos municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul, elaborado segundo variáveis relacionadas à estrutura político-administrativa, instrumentos e ações desenvolvidas em prol da preservação ambiental. Os dados foram obtidos na Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais (MUNIC), feita pelo IBGE em 2013. Os resultados apontam que diversos municípios estão muito aquém do ideal no que se refere à estrutura político-administrativa e a ações voltadas à preservação do meio ambiente.
Innovation ecosystems and measures aimed at environmental sustainability: Cidade Pedra Branca case study
Authors: Aguiar Dutra Ana Regina , Silva Evellyn Sperber , Cubas Anelise Leal Vieira
Published: April 2019

The proposal described herein is aimed at technological innovation, with a focus on product sustainability. The object of this study was six companies from the innovation ecosystem Cidade Pedra Branca, which sought to identify socio-environmental actions that also have the goal of generating significant results in economic terms. We concluded that, in general, the companies in Cidade Pedra Branca are committed to achieving social, environmental, and economic sustainability.
Likelihood of Auditor Switching: Evidence for Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Hadri , Farida Diana
Published: April 2019

This research aims to analyze factors determining the likelihood of auditor switching. The populations in this study were manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2015-2017. The type of data collected in this research was secondary data. The data analysis used in this research were 133 selected companies after applying purposive sampling method. The methods of data analysis were descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and generalized linear model (GLM). The results of this research indicated that the variables of financial distress, profitability, Certified Public Accountant (CPA) reputation and management change are significantly determinants of the likelihood of auditor switching. The paper further discusses and interprets the finding of the study.
Motivating Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients to Engage in Regular Physical Activity: A Multi-Component Intervention Derived from the Concept of Photovoice
Authors: Leung Angela Y. M. , Chau Pui Hing , Leung Isaac S. H. , Tse Michael , Wong Perick Lai Choi , Tam Wai Ming , Leung Doris Y. P.
Published: April 2019

Aims: A community-based multi-component intervention (increasing awareness of the importance of physical activity in chronic illness management through reading comic books, training regarding warm-up stretching exercises, identifying facilitators and barriers to exercise through photosharing, supporting self-reflection and development of action plans) was developed to promote physical activity (PA) among patients with diabetes and hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention on health behaviour (walking) and health outcomes. Design: A non-randomized controlled trial with waitlisted control and pre- and post-measures. Setting: Community centres for the elderly. Participants: A total of 204 older adults with diabetes and/or hypertension were recruited. They were assigned to either the intervention group (IG) or waitlisted to the control group (CG). Intervention: Under the supervision of a nurse, six weekly group meetings were arranged in community centres for the elderly in which the participants freely exchanged their views regarding the barriers and facilitators of regular physical activity. Participants were encouraged to take photos in their neighbourhood or at home and brought these photos to share at the group meetings. The photos showed both the barriers and the facilitators to PA. In the last meeting, each participant worked out a plan to perform PA in the coming four weeks. Measures: PA referred to the number of steps taken per day and it was measured by a Garmin Accelerometer at baseline, Week 6 and Week 10. Other measures included the nine-item Self-Efficacy Scale for Exercise - Chinese version (SEE-C), the 23-item Chinese Barriers to Exercise Scale and Senior Fitness Tests. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) models compared the outcomes over time between IG and CG. Results: A statistically significant difference in the changes in the average number of steps taken daily between the two groups at Week 10 (mean difference = 965.4; 95% confidence interval: 92.2, 1838.6, p = 0.030) was observed, although the difference at Week 6 was non-significant (mean difference = 777.6; 95% confidence interval: −35.3, 1590.5, p = 0.061). IG participants also showed significant improvements in lower body strength (mean difference = 0.967; 95% confidence interval: 0.029, 1.904, p = 0.043) and lower limb flexibility (mean difference = 2.068; 95% confidence interval: 0.404, 3.731, p = 0.015) at Week 10 compared to CG participants. Conclusion: This multi-component intervention improved the participants’ physical activity level and physical fitness, particularly in lower limb flexibility and body strength.
Visual Light Leak in High-Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Hole: A Photon-Electron Theory for Living Tissue for Explaining Myopia
Authors: Lee Alex
Published: April 2019

The exact etiology of myopia remains elusive. The author proposes the particle property of photon in living tissue and the photon-electron theory in living tissue, if the frequency of the photon beyond the threshold, the photon has enough energy to strike the electron away and forms a hole of a diameter in photon diameter scale in living tissue include the eye.The visual light which passes through the radiation hole in the eye cannot be refracted on the macula. Longer time of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation will cause more holes and a larger radius of holes, which lead to high myopia, this is in accordance with the investigation results that high myopic eyes have macular holes (micron scale). According to the particle property of the photon model, the eye elongated by the striking of high-frequency photons.
Towards Sustainable Ethical Culture in Family Owned Businesses
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rahatullah
Published: April 2019

Building an ethical culture is challenging and a basic requirement of the companies to embed transparency in their systems, creating a positive image; serving the internal and external communities. This paper based on detailed interviews of 12 family owned businesses over a period of 16 months explores how these companies build the ethical culture, identifying the ethical culture sustainability triggers, challenges and role of religion in such practices. The values, culture, community and social norms are identified as major ingredients of a sustainable ethical culture development and implementation of the ethical policies and procedures require institutional and structural mechanisms for effectiveness in family owned businesses. The findings at numerous occasions are in contrast to the literature, whereas, in other instances are similar. The religion, society, family image, the entrepreneurs themselves and their family members play a vital role. Non-interference in private matters of the employees, whistle blowing, code of ethics, training and awareness creation and a number of other factors play a leading role in ethical culture development in family businesses.  
Monitoring Soil Moisture Drought over Northern High Latitudes from Space
Authors: Blyverket Jostein , Hamer Paul D. , Schneider Philipp , Albergel Clément , Lahoz William A.
Published: April 2019

Mapping drought from space using, e.g., surface soil moisture (SSM), has become viable in the last decade. However, state of the art SSM retrieval products suffer from very poor coverage over northern latitudes. In this study, we propose an innovative drought indicator with a wider spatial and temporal coverage than that obtained from satellite SSM retrievals. We evaluate passive microwave brightness temperature observations from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite as a surrogate drought metric, and introduce a Standardized Brightness Temperature Index (STBI). The STBI is validated against drought indices from a land surface data assimilation system (LDAS-Monde), two satellite dervied SSM indices and a standardized precipitation index. Finally, we evaluate the STBI against the before mentioned drought indices in a case study of the 2018 Nordic drought. The STBI is found to be superior to the drought index created from satellite derived SSM in both spatial and temporal coverage over the Nordic region. Our results indicate that when compared to drought indices from precipitation data and a land data assimilation system, the STBI is able to capture the 2018 drought onset, severity and extent. Thus, the STBI index could provide additional information for drought monitoring in regions where the SSM retrieval problem is difficult.
Respiratory Variations in Electrocardiographic R-Wave Amplitude during Acute Hypovolemia Induced by Inferior Vena Cava Clamping in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation
Authors: Park Hee-Sun , Kim Sun-Hoon , Park Yong-Seok , Thiele Robert H , Shin Won-Jung , Hwang Gyu-Sam
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze whether the respiratory variation in ECG standard lead II R-wave amplitude (ΔRDII) could be used to assess intravascular volume status following inferior vena cava (IVC) clamping. This clamping causes an acute decrease in cardiac output during liver transplantation (LT). We retrospectively compared ΔRDII and related variables before and after IVC clamping in 34 recipients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to derive a cutoff value of ΔRDII for predicting pulse pressure variation (PPV). After IVC clamping, cardiac output significantly decreased while ΔRDII significantly increased (P = 0.002). The cutoff value of ΔRDII for predicting a PPV >13% was 16.9% (AUC: 0.685) with a sensitivity of 57.9% and specificity of 77.6% (95% confidence interval 0.561 – 0.793, P = 0.015). Frequency analysis of ECG also significantly increased in the respiratory frequency band (P = 0.016). Although significant changes in ΔRDII during vena cava clamping were found at norepinephrine doses < 0.1 μg/kg/min (P = 0.014), such changes were not significant at norepinephrine doses > 0.1 μg/kg/minP = 0.093). ΔRDII could be a noninvasive dynamic parameter in LT recipients presenting with hemodynamic fluctuation. Based on our data, we recommended cautious interpretation of ΔRDII may be requisite according to vasopressor administration status.
EFFECT OF HEATSINK FIN AND THERMAL INSULATORS ON OUTPUT OF THERMOELECTRIC POWER OF HEAT OF MOTORCYCLE EXHAUST GAS
Authors: Perwira Wisnu Yoga , Wardani Nyenyep Sri , Bugis Husin
Published: April 2019

Thermoelectric can be utilized to convert exhaust heat into electricity. This study aims to determine the effect of heatsink height and thermal insulation on electric power generated from thermal powered thermoelectric plants. This research is using an experimental method. The technically of data analysis is descriptive comparative. In this research were used 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm heatsink fin. Thermal insulator materials are glass wool and aluminum foil. Electrical power obtained from multiplication of electrical voltage and electric current. The data analysis was indicated the increasing electrical power with increasing heatsink fin height. The higher power is accomplished by using heatsink fin 30mm at 0.56-watt power output, and the smaller power is obtained by using heatsink fin 10mm at 0.32-watt power output. The results of thermal insulation testing indicate that there is an increase in electrical power when the use of thermal insulator. Data analysis were reported the most significant strength is obtained on the use of 30 mm heatsink with an isolator of 0.76 watts, and the smallest power is obtained on the use of high heatsink 10 mm without thermal insulator is 0.32 watts. The results of this study indicate that the heatsink fins height and thermal insulators affect the power generated by thermoelectric power plants.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POE2WE MODEL USING SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN LINEAR LEARNING IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Nana Nana
Published: April 2019

Abstract: This research aimed to find out and to analyze the difference between the students receiving learning using the scientific approach with POE2WE model and those receiving PBL learning model, and to find out the model effectiveness of Physical learning in Senior High Schools. The sample of research was the students of Senior High Schools in Ciamis Regency taken randomly (using a random sampling technique). The research method employed was a comparative study conducted in several schools in Ciamis Regency becoming the model of the 2013 curriculum application in the school year of 2013/2014 in the Linear Movement Material of Tenth Grade. To collect the data, several research instruments were used: pre-test and post-test, student questionnaire, observation on the implementation of POE2WE model learning and interview to get the teachers’ response. The data were analyzed using the t-test to see the difference of normalized gain in two groups. The result of research showed that there was a significant difference the students receiving learning using a scientific approach with POE2WE model and those receiving PBL learning model. The data showed that the mean scores of pretest and posttest for the learning using POE2WE model and the one using the PBL model were 42.50 and 29.93, respectively and there was an increase in the mean class learning outcome with N-gain = 0.8 (high category) for POE2WE model and N-gain = 0.5 (medium category) for the PBL model. The effectiveness test obtained Sign value (2-tailed) (0.000) < α (0.05) meaning that POE2WE model was more effective than the PBL model.