bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of The Ancient Amaranth (Amaranthus) Grain in Traditional Turkish Cuisine
Authors: Onur Merve , Sezgin Aybuke Ceyhun
Published: December 2024

With its culinary use dating back more than six thousand years, amaranth is known as the ancient grain and the food of the future. Recently recommended for consumption by FAO/WHO, the amaranth plant is a prominent, “forgotten,” functional food that can be used in human nutrition because of its drought-resistant cultivation, gluten-free, and protein and fiber-enriched content. This study evaluates amaranth's botanical character, functional properties, impacts on health, preparation-cooking methods, and use in local and traditional Turkish cuisines. Numerous studies have indicated the association between amaranth’s chemical composition and its anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, gluten-intolerance, and cholesterol-lowering properties, and its assistance with intestinal flora and protein digestibility. Manifold dishes can be made using amaranth seeds and flour in traditional cuisines. Raw and cooked amaranth grains are used in rice, soup, and breakfast cereal. In the food industry, it is a crucial grain alternative to various bakery products, such as bread, pasta, cookies, manti, noodles, biscuits, and crackers, made from amaranth flour. There is a need for alternative recipes to increase the use of amaranth in the kitchen. In this context, it is thought that awareness should be increased by applying it to recipes that can replace semolina and bulgur in traditional cuisines. For this purpose, this study aims to increase the consumption of the ancient grain amaranth by including it in recipes in traditional Turkish cuisine.
The Effect of Irrigation on Crop Yield Change in Some Cereals in Drought Conditions Determined Using SPI and PNI: Ankara Province Example
Authors: Özocak Murat
Published: December 2024

In this study, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Percent of Normal Index (PNI) values were found in order to determine the drought conditions between 2012-2020 in Ankara province. Drought severity interpretations were made according to the index values obtained and these values were evaluated together with some grain yields grown in the region. Separate regression analysis was performed between the different drought index values obtained within the scope of the study and the irrigated and dry agricultural yield values of wheat, barley and triticale. According to the index values calculated between 2012 and 2020 according to the SPI method, drought conditions are generally close to normal in the region. According to the PNI values, it was determined that 2013 had mildly dry conditions and other years had near-normal drought conditions. According to both indices, a drought close to normal was observed during the research period. In the regression analysis made according to wheat, barley and triticale yields, the highest linearity was obtained in barley, and values close to barley were found in triticale. Wheat is the cereal with the lowest linearity. The regression coefficients obtained as 0.4294 for barley, 0.3331 for triticale, and 0.0502 for wheat were found to be 0.0584 for SPI and 0.0013 for PNI. According to the results obtained, it can be said that statistically linearity is in barley and triticale. In average yields, an increase of 47% in wheat, 55% in barley and 34% in triticale was observed with irrigation. In order to ensure sustainable grain cultivation in drought conditions, it is recommended to expand modern irrigation practices in coordination with drought analysis studies and to increase scientific studies on this subject.
Seasonal Distribution of Births in Anatolian Buffaloes and Effects of the Season on Some Milk and Reproductive Traits of Cows and Growth Traits of Calves
Authors: Erdem Hüseyin , Okuyucu İbrahim Cihangir , Atasever Savaş
Published: December 2024

The aims of this study were i) to evaluate the seasonal changes in births of Anatolian buffaloes, ii) to examine the changes of some milk [lactation milk yield (LMY) and lactation length (LL)] and fertility [first calving age (FCA) and calving interval (CI)] according to seasons and iii) to investigate the effects of seasons on the growth traits of calves [birth weight (BW0), live weight at 6 mo (LW6) and live weight at 12 mo (LW12)]. A total of 8614 to 15605 yield records were evaluated including milk yield and fertility traits of buffalo cows and growth traits of calves between 2012 and 2023. The mean temperature, relative humidity, the duration of sunshine, and temperature humidity index (THI) values were calculated for these years. While the highest birth rate was observed in the summer season (34.27%), the lowest birth rate was determined in the winter season (11.99%). The BW0, LW6 and LW12, LMY, LL, FCA, and CI values of the calves were determined as 30.8±0.04 kg, 107.6±0.23 kg, 172.6±0.27 kg, 994.7±2.05 kg, 262.6±0.22 d 1175.5±3.46 d and 561.7±1.84 d, respectively. Except for CI, all characteristics were significantly affected by seasonal changes (P<0.001). The growth traits of the calves born in autumn were higher than the other seasons. The LMY values in spring and winter were higher than those determined in the different seasons. Also, the highest FCA was obtained in heifers born in the winter. It was concluded that the season could affect both some fertility and milk yield characteristics of buffalo cows and the growth performance of calves.
Examining Heavy Metal Transfer from Soil to Bread
Authors: Yılmaz Mustafa
Published: December 2024

For Turkish society, bread has been an indispensable part of the kitchen and daily life throughout history. Due to its high consumption in Turkish society, it plays an important role in terms of both health and nutritional habits. Contamination from the soil where wheat is planted to the bread making process is of great importance for health. In this study, the amounts of heavy metals such as aluminum, copper, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron, lead and cadmium in the soil of an agricultural land, in flour obtained from wheat grown there and in bread made from this flour were investigated using ICP-MS. The average levels of Al, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Fe, Pb and As in soil samples were 120.46, 12.23, 44.9, 93.46, 10.83, 2.06, 196.87, 1.96 and 0.21 mg/kg, respectively. In flour samples, these levels were 17.20, 2.03, 28.93, 26.3, 3.37, 0.09, 30.93, 1.37 and 0.03 mg/kg, respectively. In bread samples, 11.27, 0.77, 8.27, 18.63, 0.4, 0.02, 12.76, 0.04 and 0.001 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained show that high metal levels in the soil are also found in bread. This indicates that heavy metal levels in bread may pose health risks in long-term consumption. Especially levels of aluminum, nickel, chromium and cadmium metals can cause serious health problems. Therefore, it is important to reduce heavy metal contamination in agriculture and production processes and to conduct regular inspections. Compliance with maximum limits set by health authorities and regulatory agencies is also critical for public health.
Combining Pasture- and Animal-Based Factors to Predict Herbage or Dry Matter Intake of Lambs Grazing on Cocksfoot, Meadow Fescue and Tall Fescue Pastures
Authors: Akdağ Ahmet , Ocak Nuh , Aydın İbrahim
Published: December 2024

In this study, it was aimed to establish the correlations between actual dry matter intake (DMI) and some animal (body weight, (BW)) and pasture (crude protein (CP); neutral detergent fiber (NDF); in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD); dry matter yield (DMY); herbage allowance (HA); herbage mass (HM); metabolizable energy (ME); relative forage quality (RFQ); total digestible nutrients (TDN)) based factors to formulate precise regression equations for DMI prediction. For this purpose, data (n = 36, 2 years × 3 blocks × 6 data collection) were utilized for two grazing seasons (2020–2021) on cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) mixed pastures with Karayaka male lambs at an average age of 2 months for 60 days in each season. Positive correlations were determined between DMI and BW (0.777), HA (0.814), DMY (0.844), and NDF (0.609), while DMI had negative correlations with IVDMD (-0.738), RFQ (-0.357), CP (-0.209), TDN (-0.177) and ME (-0.039). In addition, animal and pasture–based factors were evaluated by principal component analysis to determine the in–cooperating variables in variance. As a result, equations were developed by using parameters with high correlation coefficient and the best–fit 3 equations for predicting DMI of lambs grazing cocksfoot, meadow fescue and tall fescue pastures: (I) -1224.09 + 39.90BW (kg) + 33.69HA (kg DM/ kg BW) + 8.22NDF (% of DM), r2=0.815, II) -701.47 + 18.96BW (kg) + 673.61DMY (kg/ per square meters) + 8.19NDF (% of DM), r2=0.807, III) -325.32 + 43.49HA (kg DM/kg BW)-2.21IVDMD (%) + 8.57NDF (%), r2=0.786).
Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Cheeses in Türkiye: A Review
Authors: Ötün Barış
Published: December 2024

Milk and dairy products mostly contain mycotoxins such as aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin M2, ochratoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, trichothecene, zearalenone, patulin. Mycotoxins in cheese are produced by certain types of fungi. These either directly contaminate the cheese or feed, or indirectly contaminate the milk used in cheese production. Aflatoxin, causes serious impacts on human and animal health, thus costs the world economy billions of dollars. The first legal regulation regarding aflatoxin M1 in Turkiye came into force in 1990. Subsequently, various legislations were published in 1997, 2002, 2008, 2011 and 2023. In this study, 60 publications were examined that investigate the presence of aflatoxin M1 in various cheeses in Turkiye in the last 50 years (1973-2023). In the studies, aflatoxin M1 was detected in almost all cheeses, and only a few were found in rates exceeding the Turkish Legal Limits. Researchers stated different limits for aflatoxin M1 in cheese. To minimize the presence of aflatoxin M1, the following recommendations should be considered. Developing new detection methods, enacting new legal regulations, increasing the frequency of legal inspections, improving the production, transportation and storage conditions of milk and dairy products, improving feed quality, increasing awareness of the health effects of aflatoxin M1.
Comparison of ocular posterior segment parameters in the pediatric population with migraine without aura and tension-type headache
Authors: Kıvrak Ulviye , Köle Mehmet Tolga , Kandemir İbrahim , Kaytan İsmail
Published: December 2024

Background. This study aims to compare the posterior ocular structure parameters in children with migraine without aura (MWA), tension-type headache (TTH), and a healthy control group.
Methods. The study included 31 patients with MWA, 29 patients with TTH, and 38 healthy controls between 6 and 18 years of age. For all participants, the detailed eye examination and measurements including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), macular vessel densities and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCTA), were obtained from the patient files.
Results. The mean age was 12.1±3.3 years in MWA patients, 12.4±2.8 years in TTH patients, and 11.9±3.8 years in the healthy controls (p=0.844). Among the groups, the mean pRNFL thickness, CMT, and SCT values were lowest in the MWA group. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.621, p=0.854 and p=0.201, respectively). The mean and four-quadrant (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal) pRNFL thicknesses, the CMT, and the SCT were not statistically significant between the groups (p=0.621, p=0.500, p=0.186, p=0.565, p=0.744, p=0.854 and p=0.201, respectively). The macular vascular densities were lower in MWA patients than in the other two groups, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups only in the nasal quadrant of the deep retinal capillary plexus (p = 0.014). There were also no statistically significant differences between the groups in the superficial and deep FAZ area parameters (p=0.652 and p=0.985).
Conclusion. This study suggested that differential diagnosis between MWA and TTH can be difficult in childhood, as these conditions, which can present with ocular symptoms, may also be characterized by changes in posterior segment parameters. Long-term studies incorporating OCT-A in larger patient populations may provide valuable insights into retinal changes associated with these two distinct headache spectrums.
Study on Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Trace amount of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in some Cough Syrups in Vietnam
Authors: Thien Dau Dang , Nga Le Thi , Tam Nguyen Thi , Lam Chu Thi Thanh , Trang Tran Thi Quynh , Giang Dinh Thi Truong
Published: December 2024

The optimal measurement parameters of differential pulse  anodic stripping voltammetry method  (DP-ASV) to simultaneously determine the trace amount of the four elements Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu have been studied, including the sweep rate, pulse amplitude, drop size of mercury, initial purge, equilibration time. The analytical procedure was applied to determine Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in 12 cough syrup samples in Viet Nam, including 6 functional food samples and 6 medicinal samples. The quantitative echnique  used was standard addition and the applicability of quantitative elements in self - made samples was studied. Cough syrup analysis samples were digested using the wet ashing method in microwave oven. Research results show that there are no regular differences in elements content between medicinal cough syrup samples and functional food samples, except for functional food samples TP08 which has Pb content and the syrup medicine sample TH03 which has Cu content many times higher than other types. However, the content of the studied elements is within the allowable limits according to curent regulations (QCVN 8-2:2011/BYT; 46/2007/QĐ-BYT, WHO). The method has low detection limits and limit of quantification with ppb level, the relative standard deviations (% RSD) of repeated measurements  are less than 3%, and recovery reflects the accuracy of the analytical method for elements ranging from 61.0 % to 87.5 %, which meets AOAC requirements for trace.
Differences in the humanistic thoughts of Lu Xin and Leo Tolstoy
Authors: Yang Liu
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the humanistic spirit of Tolstoy and Lu Xin. This study explores the differences between the Chinese writer and the Russian writer Lu Xin in the humanitarian spirit in the unique historical, traditional and cultural traditions of both sides. The object of the study is to compare the two main aspects of the humanistic spirit of Lu Xin and Tolstoy; a detailed analysis and comparison are made. The article analyzes the different views of the two writers on the subject of love in the humanitarian spirit, whether it is equal love or love for the weak, as well as different ways to combat evil, whether to use tolerant love to influence or to use violent means to calm down, and, finally, it is important to analyze the foresight and lagging humanitarian ideals. In this article, the research methods are cultural-historical, comparative-historical, and structural. This article uses text analysis, comparative research, and historical analysis to place Lu Xin and Tolstoy in a specific historical context and to conduct a comparative analysis of their humanitarian spirit by analyzing the works of Tolstoy and Lu Xin. The innovation of the article lies in the fact that the researcher compared two humanitarian ways of implementing "bloodthirsty revenge" and "not using violence to resist evil," analyzed differences in efficiency, reality and ideality, and discussed their ideological roots. The humanitarian ideals of Lu Xin and Tolstoy were analyzed. The outstanding contribution of the researcher is a detailed comparison of the differences in the humanitarian spiritual thoughts of the two writers from different points of view. The author's special contribution to this research topic is to place the two ideological giants in a specific historical context in order to compare their humanitarian thoughts, highlighting the humanitarian concerns contained in their criticism and denial. An in-depth analysis of the connotations of the concepts of "love for the weak" and "humanity" is carried out, and the arguments are combined with specific works by the two writers to make the comparison more convincing.
Totemic representations in the Yakut genealogical traditions: images and plots of local communities (based on documented genealogy)
Authors: Vinokurov Aleksandr Danilovich
Published: December 2024

The subject of the research is the study of totemic representations in the Yakut genealogical traditions. Purpose: to present a comprehensive description of totemic representations in the historical and genealogical aspect, including the study of the features of totemic beliefs, the definition of the relationship of tribal structure and totemism among the Yakuts. The research's source base is represented by a wide range of published and unpublished documents. Unpublished materials have been identified in the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The methodological basis of the research was formed by the basic principles of historical science - the principle of historicism and the principle of objectivity. The main research methods used were both historical (historical-comparative, historical-typological, historical-systemic, source analysis, anthroponymic analysis) and general scientific (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, analogies, deduction). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, based on the involvement of a wide range of sources and folklore materials, an attempt has been made to study totemic representations in the Yakut genealogical traditions. The main result of the study is a list of Yakut clans based on the "tribe-paternal clan-minor clan" model. Totems are systematized and classified within the framework of the above model. As a result of the work, databases on the genera of the Yakut, Vilyuysky and Olekminsky districts were created and registered in the FIPS. Based on the results of the work, it was concluded that further research is necessary due to the presence of a large number of unpublished documents. The research materials can be used in the process of teaching historical subjects, developing textbooks, conducting individual and generalizing research on the history of Yakutia.
International legal characteristics of the concept of «nuclear safety»
Authors: Haraman Ekaterina Egorovna
Published: December 2024

The issue of ensuring nuclear safety has remained important for many decades. The use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, as well as the creation of nuclear weapons, have created new opportunities for human development in various fields, but at the same time it has become a potential source of global disasters that can pose a threat not only to national but also to international organizations. international security. The object of the research is the social relations that arise in the field of safety in the use of atomic energy. The subject of the work is the norms of international law, as well as the norms of Russian legislation regulating safety issues in the field of atomic energy use. The purpose of the article is to study the international legal and essential characteristics of the concept of nuclear safety. Systematic and formal legal scientific approaches were applied in the article to conduct the research and comprehensively disclose its subject. The research methodology includes methods such as analysis, synthesis, and the comparative legal method. The study presents the main international treaties related to nuclear safety issues, as well as the main regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation governing the issue under consideration. The author analyzes the opinions of scientists on this issue contained in the legal literature. Based on the results of the study, the author formulated the following conclusions: 1) issues related to ensuring nuclear safety have not lost their importance at present, but they still remain relevant; 2) the concept of "nuclear safety" is not contained in any international regulatory legal act, as well as in the legislation of the Russian Federation; 3) there is a need to legislate a generally accepted definition. the concepts of "nuclear safety". The article presents the author's definition of nuclear safety.
Classification of soybean varieties from the VIR collection by economically valuable traits using the clustering method
Authors:   Omsk Agricultural Research Center, Omelianyuk L.V. , Yashchenko Yu.I. ,   Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center, Asanov A.M. ,   Omsk Agricultural Scientific Center
Published: December 2024

The studies were carry out in 2021–2023 at the Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center in the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk Region. This article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of 63 collection samples of soybeans from the All-Russian Insti-tute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR) of various ecological and geographical origins: from Russia (30 pcs.), Ukraine (7 pcs.), Po-land (7 pcs.), the Republic of Belarus (6 pcs.), Sweden (4 pcs.), Canada (3 pcs.). We used the VIR methodology (2018) for field tests, accounts and observations. The statistical data processing was carried out according to the B.A. Dospekhov's manual by (1985) using the Microsoft Excel application package. The clustering data was performed by the un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) using standard GNU Octave functions for 14 economically valuable features: plant height and attachment of lower beans, the number of productive branches, nodes, beans and seeds per plant; seed weight per plant and weight of 1000 seeds; proportion of protein and fat in seeds; field germination, plant survival; seed yield per 1 m2; duration of the growing season. We identified six clusters differing by degree of severity of the economically valuable parameters. The most numerous were the first three clusters, which included 15, 22, and 16 samples, respectively. Varieties from the third cluster are sources of early maturity (96 days), but they are the shortest-stemmed (59.3 cm) with insufficiently high attachment of the lower beans (9.1 cm) and low-yielding (204.2 g/m2). Samples from the smallest fourth and fifth clusters, two and three pieces, respectively, are of the greatest interest for breeding to increase yield: Persona and Garmoniya (All-Russian Research Insti-tute of Soybeans, Russia), Anthracite (Ukraine). With yields ranging from 352 to 361 g/m2 (significantly higher than the standard variety Sibiriada), they had optimal stem height (more than 82 cm) and attach-ment height of the lower beans (11–12 cm).
An improved method for determining glucosinolate content in Brassicaceаe oil crops
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Efimenko S.G. , Efimenko S.K. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: December 2024

For more than 40 years, at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops there has been carried out extensive breeding work with winter and spring varieties of rapeseed and turnip rape with the aim of developing non-erucic and low-glucosinolate (“type 00”) varieties. For evaluation of breeding material for glucosinolate content in rapeseed seeds we used modified method of Osik N.S. The purpose of our research is comparative analysis of existing methods for determination of glucosinolate content in seeds and search for the most simple, precise and productive method allowing efficient breeding work with oil crops of Brassicaсeae family. The research was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry on samples of rapeseed grown in 2022–2024 in conditions of the central zone of Krasnodar region. The total content of glucosinolates was evaluated by the presented method in comparison with methodical instructions of 1988 by Demyanchuk G.T. and by HPLC method. The comparative analysis of existing methods for determination of glucosinolate content in rapeseed seeds showed comparable values of test results, the differences of which were within the reasonable errors. The presented method for determination of the total glucosinolate content in seeds showed adequate repeatability on a spectrophotometer B-1200 and a shaker of the vortex type. The equations of calculation of glucosinolates content depending on optical density of complex solution of glucosinolates with sodium tetrachloropalladate (II) in µmol/g of seeds were obtained. The improved methodology is the simplest, sufficiently precise and productive, which allows effective breeding work with oil crops of the Brassicaceae family.
The assessment of parent material for oil flax breeding in the central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Simagin A.D. , Simagina A.S. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Vertikova E.A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Zakharova S.A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Barnashova E.K. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy
Published: December 2024

In 2022 and 2023, at the field experimental station of the Russian State Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, we evaluated some varieties of oil flax for the adaptability to climatic conditions of the central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. During the study, the yield, elements of the crop structure, the safety of plants to harvest, as well as the content of oil, protein, and fiber in seeds were evaluated. In addition, the possibility of dual usage of the samples was evaluated too. According to the results of the study, the coefficients of variation for some signs were calculated. The highest yield was shown by the variety LM-98 in 2023 (19.78 kg/ha). In terms of oil content, the varieties varied slightly (the coefficient of variation was 0.79). The variety Raduga varied slightly by oil yield (СV% = 3.73), since its yield was the most stable over the years (14.37 quintal/ha in 2022 and 14.48 quintal/ha in 2023). In terms of plants safety to harvest, the varieties Raduga, Rucheek, and LM-98 varied slightly, while the variation of the variety RFN was 25.10 over the years, which may be due to its affection by fungal diseases in 2022. In terms of technical length, all varieties varied on average, since 2023 turned out to be quite arid and flax lacked moisture during the rapid growth phase. We recommended to use the variety LM-98 as the parent material for the breeding of highly productive varieties of oil flax in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone.
ПРОКСИ-ЗОНДИРОВАНИЕ КАЖУЩЕЙСЯ ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНОСТИ ПОЧВЫ ИНДУКЦИОННЫМ РЕФЛЕКТОМЕТРОМ EM38mk2: АНАЛИЗ И КАРТИРОВАНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ДЛЯ ЦЕЛЕЙ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННО-ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННОГО ДОЖДЕВАНИЯ
Authors: Зейлигер А.М. , Ермолаева О.С. , Колганов Д.А. , Затинацкий С.В.
Published: December 2024

В настоящей статье представлены результаты сеанса пространственного прокси-зондирования кажущейся электропроводности почвенного покрова с использованием индукционного рефлектометра EM38mk2 (Geonics Ltd, Канада) с двумя антеннами, а также анализ данных и построение результирующих картограмм. Сеанс пространственного прокси-зондирования был проведен 23.07.2023 г. на южной части орошаемого посева сои площадью 39,2 га (УНПО «Поволжье» Вавиловского университета, Энгельсский район, Саратовская область). В результате проведенного сеанса зондирования был получен структурированный набор записей, включающий время измерений, значения кажущейся электропроводности двух слоев (0–120 см и 0–45 см), а также географические координаты. На основе указанных записей были сформированы наборы геоданных измерений кажущейся электропроводности (КЭП) обоих слоев, а также разности результатов их одномоментных измерений. Обработка полученных геодатасетов включала статистический и пространственный анализ, при этом результаты первого из них позволили выявить близость значений средних и медиан каждого из трех геодатасетов. Пространственный анализ проводился с использованием картограмм всех трех геодатасетов, построенных с помощью пространственной интерполяции. В результате были выделены три типа зон, приуроченных к характерным элементам мезорельефа, с различными типами водного режима почвенного покрова.
ДЕТЕКТИРОВАНИЕ ПОСЕВОВ ОЗИМЫХ КУЛЬТУР ПО СПУТНИКОВЫМ ДАННЫМ: ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Савин И.Ю. , Кучер О.Д.
Published: December 2024

Спутниковый мониторинг площадей посевов сельскохозяйственных культур на больших территориях является одной из основных целей сельскохозяйственного мониторинга, однако оценка качества получаемых данных проводится редко. Целью исследований была оценка качества результатов определения площадей посевов озимых культур по спутниковым данным сервиса ВЕГА-ScienceИнститута космических исследований РАН (ИКИ РАН) на примере двух муниципальных районов Тульской области. Проводилось сравнение масок посевов озимых, созданных ИКИ РАН, масок, полученных на основе визуального дешифрирования по данным спутников Landsat, и данных официальной статистики Роскомстата для Веневского и Ясногорского районов за период 2012–2023 гг. Сравнение показало, что данные ИКИ РАН отклоняются от данных официальной статистики для каждого района в среднем на 32,7%, а в отдельные годы – на 70–80%. Это значительно ограничивает использование данных подходов в качестве независимого и надежного источника информации о площадях посевов на уровне районов и областей. Данные визуально полученных масок отклоняются в среднем на 13,6–17,7%, а в отдельные годы – на 20–30%. Еще более существенное уменьшение величины ошибки можно ожидать при появлении спутниковых данных более высокого спектрального и пространственного разрешения, при дополнительных исследованиях спектральной отражательной способности почв и посевов, а также при более полном учете специфики фенологического развития и агротехники возделывания культур.
МЕЛИОРАТИВНАЯ НЕУСТРОЕННОСТЬ ОСУШЕННЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ В НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ЗОНЕ РОССИИ: ПРИЧИНЫ И НАУЧНЫЕ ЗАДАЧИ
Authors: Штыков В.И. , Янко Ю.Г. , Пономарев А.Б. , Чесноков Ю.В.
Published: December 2024

В статье представлены статистические данные о состоянии осушительных систем и мелиорированных земель. В настоящее время большая часть осушительных систем не обеспечивает нормативный режим осушения, нуждается в капитальном ремонте или реконструкции. Отказ от государственной поддержки программ развития сельского хозяйства в Нечерноземной зоне в конечном итоге привел к снижению плодородия почв, связанному с уменьшением содержания гумуса и питательных веществ, а также их водопроницаемости. Часть ранее окультуренных земель без использования зарастает. Также при проектировании систем не были учтены изменения климата, которые наблюдаются в настоящее время. В статье перечислены причины переувлажнения полей, связанные с типом грунтов подпахотного слоя, кольматированием элементов дренажных систем, а также с различными неисправностями. Для улучшения ситуации предлагается несколько направлений научной и опытно-конструкторской разработки. Во-первых, продемонстрировано, что существует высокоэффективная даже в сложных условиях дренажная система – двухъярусный дренаж. Она разработана СевНИИГиМ в предреформенные годы и на опытных участках превзошла аналоги как в отношении урожайности культур, так слоя дренажного стока. Во-вторых, указывается, что целесообразно разрабатывать автоматизированные осушительно-увлажнительно-вентилируемые системы. Также упоминаются некоторые другие известные решения, реализация которых послужит усовершенствованию мелиоративных систем.
ЭЛЕКТРОДИНАМИКА КОНТУРА С ТОКОМ
Authors: РАМАЗАНОВ И М.
Published: December 2024

Работа посвящена поиску эффективных методов решения уравнений Максвелла в применении к инженерной практике. Уравнение решено с применением теоремы Ампера. Теорема, по сути, являвшейся гипотезой, поскольку доказана не была, в работе доказана, с применением Закона Био и Савара. Предсказанная в Теореме «интенсивность магнита» определена, как вихревое поле, индуцированное вращающимся в контуре с током зарядом. Вычислено её (интенсивности) значение. Показано, что «интенсивность» имеет постоянное значение внутри плоского контура с током и обращается в нуль вне контура. Построено тензорное (электромагнитного поля) дифференциальное уравнение второго порядка, что позволило привести решение уравнения Максвелла к хорошо разработанной системе Нютоновских потенциалов. Результаты работы позволили найти иную, более наглядную форму подобия уравнений электродинамики и гидродинамики.

The work is devoted to the search for effective methods for solving Maxwell's equations as applied to engineering practice. When solving problems, Ampere's theorem was applied. The theorem, which was essentially a hypothesis, since it had not been proven, was proven in the work using the Biot and Savart Law. The "magnet intensity" predicted in the Theorem is defined as the vortex field induced by a charge rotating in a circuit with current. Its (intensity) value is calculated. It is shown that the "intensity" has a constant value inside a flat contour with current and vanishes outside the contour. A solution to Maxwell's equations is proposed using the results obtained. A tensor (of electromagnetic field) differential equation of the second order is constructed, which leads to the solution of Maxwell's equation to a well-developed system of Newtonian potentials. The results of the work made it possible to find a different, more visual form, similar to the samples of electrodynamics and hydrodynamics.
О децентрализованном решении задачи одновременного прибытия автономных мобильных объектов к финальной точке с использованием анализа больших данных
Authors: Черноиваненко И.А. , Кравец О.Я.
Published: December 2024

Необходимость перехода к более совершенным методам управления при использовании обычного автономного мобильного объекта (АМО) для контроля одновременного прибытия возникает ввиду чрезмерного отклонения. Инновационным решением данной проблемы является использование децентрализованного метода управления для контроля одновременного прибытия АМО к финальной точке, который основан на анализе больших данных. Было предложено решение для объединения децентрализованной информации посредством использования фильтрации, на основе которой осуществляется управление децентрализованной координацией формирований. В статье представлены основные характеристики АМО, показаны параметры объединения информации о АМО, описано децентрализованное координационное управление формированием и произведено вычисление оптимального пути и скорости сходимости для децентрализованного управления, а также учтены ограничения на задержку связи. Было проведено экспериментальное исследование ошибок в направлении х предлагаемым методом и сравнение с ошибками в эксперименте без использования данного метода управления. Также представлены графики сравнения скорости сходимости. Результаты эксперимента показали, что децентрализованный метод управления оказывает значительное влияние на определение цели АМО и сходимость ошибок. Благодаря предлагаемому подходу удалось повысить эффективность управления и снизить ошибки, тем самым, доказана целесообразность использования данного метода управления.

The need to switch to more advanced control methods when using a conventional autonomous mobile facility (AMO) to control simultaneous arrivals arises due to excessive deviation. An innovative solution to this problem is the use of a decentralized management method to control the simultaneous arrival of the AMO to the final point, which is based on the analysis of big data. A solution was proposed to combine decentralized information through the use of filtering, on the basis of which the decentralized coordination of formations is managed. The article presents the main characteristics of AMO, shows the parameters of combining information about AMO, describes decentralized coordination management of formation and calculates the optimal path and convergence rate for decentralized management, and also takes into account restrictions on communication delay. An experimental study of errors in the x direction by the proposed method was carried out and compared with errors in the experiment without using this control method. Graphs comparing the convergence rate are also presented. The results of the experiment showed that the decentralized management method has a significant impact on the definition of the aim of AMO and the convergence of errors. Thanks to the proposed approach, it was possible to increase the efficiency of management and reduce errors, thereby proving the expediency of using this management method.
КОМПЛЕКСНЫЕ ЦЕНТРЫ В СИСТЕМЕ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Карпикова И.С. , Комарова Д.С.
Published: December 2024

В статье обозначены роль и функции комплексных центров как наиболее значимого звена системы социального обслуживания населения. Представлены результаты экспертного опроса руководителей и ведущих специалистов 7 комплексных центров социального обслуживания населения Иркутской области. На основе анализа статистических данных и результатов опроса определены основные тенденции, проблемы деятельности комплексных центров и возможные направления их решения.
РАЗРАБОТКА КОНСТРУКЦИИ КОЛОННОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ ДИСТИЛЛЯЦИИ МИСЦЕЛЛЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРИНЦИПОВ ИНТЕНСИФИКАЦИИ
Authors: ЛИСИЦЫН А.Н. , ФЕДОРОВ А.В. , ВОЛКОВ С.М. , ФЕДОРОВ А.А. , НОВОСЕЛОВ А.Г.
Published: December 2024

Создание отечественных машин и аппаратов для переработки сельскохозяйственного сырья – акту- альная проблема в условиях импортозамещения. Для дистилляции мисцеллы в маслоэкстракционном производст- ве требуются высокопроизводительные и энергоэффективные системы, которые должны обладать потенциалом модернизации. Эту задачу можно решить, выполняя теоретические и экспериментальные исследования для раз- работки как отдельных фрагментов дистилляции, так и установки в целом. На основе системного анализа гидро- динамических и тепломассообменных процессов, а также опыта передовых технических решений в дистилляции мисцеллы маслоэкстракционного производства выбрана конфигурация многоступенчатого колонного аппарата. Новизной предлагаемой конструкции является организация практически непрерывного кипения мисцеллы на всех ступенях дистилляции, обработка мисцеллы в гравитационно стекающих пленках на наружной поверхности обогре- ваемых труб, максимальная рекуперация теплоносителя и эффективный расчетный барботаж высококонцентриро- ванной мисцеллы перегретым водяным паром. Создана гибкая методика определения геометрических и режимных параметров узлов. Выполнен расчет конструкции колонного аппарата при производительности 9 т/ч подсолнечно- го масла. Колонная компоновка системы дистилляции по сравнению с многокорпусной позволяет уменьшить ме- таллоемкость оборудования и дает возможность более рационально использовать производственные площади.

The creation of domestic machines and apparatuses for processing agricultural raw materials is an urgent problem in the context of import substitution. For the distillation of miscella in oil extraction production, high-performance and energy- effi cient systems, which must have the potential for modernization, are required. This task can be solved by performing theoretical and experimental research to develop both individual distillation fragments and the installation as a whole. Based on a system analysis of hydrodynamic and heat and mass transfer processes and the experience of modern technical developments in the distillation of miscella in oil extraction production, a confi guration of a multi-stage column apparatus has been proposed. The novelty of the proposed construction is the organization of almost continuous boiling of miscella at all stages of distillation, processing of miscella in gravitational fl owing fi lms on the outer surface of heated pipes, maximum recovery of the coolant and effective calculated bubbling of highly concentrated miscella with superheated water vapor. A methodology for determining the geometric and operating parameters of its components is presented. The design of the column apparatus at a capacity of 9 t/h of sunfl ower oil was calculated. The column layout of the distillation system, compared with a multi-body one, reduces the metal consumption of equipment and makes it possible to use production areas more effi ciently.
АНАЛИЗ РЫНКА БАТОНЧИКОВ ДЛЯ ДЕТСКОГО ПИТАНИЯ
Authors: ВЛАСОВА К.В. , КОЗЛОВА В.А. , АРТЕМОВА Е.Н. , ПАШКОВИЧ Е.В. , БАЛУЕВА Е.С.
Published: December 2024

В настоящее время одним из перспективных направлений пищевой промышленности является произ- водство батончиков для детского питания с натуральными ингредиентами высокого качества и безопасности. Целью данной работы было выявление наиболее доступного и безопасного вида батончиков для детского питания. Объ- ектами исследования были 8 образцов батончиков, приобретенных на маркетплейсе Ozon: «Береж», «ФрутоНяня», Nestle Nesquik, Fleur Alpine, Gerber, «Bitey Квадры» и «Фрутончики». Дан анализ стран-производителей, состава, срока годности и стоимости батончиков. Выявлены наиболее качественные образцы батончиков по следующим показателям: натуральность состава; сбалансированность белков, жиров и углеводов; калорийность; срок годно- сти; привлекательность упаковки. Проведен анализ соотношения цены и качества с помощью балльной оценки ка- чественных характеристик, расчета интегрального показателя качества и корреляционно-регрессионного анализа. Установлено, что лучшим является батончик «Береж» за счет сбалансированности показателей «цена» и «качест- во». Корреляционно-регрессионный анализ показал, что более качественные батончики имеют более низкую цену.

Currently, one of the promising areas of the food industry is the production of baby food bars with natural ingredients of high quality and safety. The purpose of this work was to identify the most affordable and safe type of baby food bars. The objects of the study were 8 samples of bars purchased on the Ozon marketplace: Berezh, Frutonyanya, Nestle Nesquik, Fleur Alpine, Gerber, Bitey Kvadra and Frutonchiki. An analysis of the manufacturing countries, composition, shelf life and cost of the bars is given. The highest quality samples of bars are identifi ed according to the following indicators: natural composition; balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates; calorie content; shelf life; attractiveness of packaging. An analysis of the price-quality ratio was carried out using a scoring assessment of quality characteristics, calculation of the integral quality indicator and correlation and regression analysis. It was found that the Berezh bar is the best due to the balance of the price and quality indicators. Correlation and regression analysis showed that higher quality bars have a lower price.
تنظيمات الطلبة الجزائريين بالمشرق العربي وإسهامها في الثورة التحريرية (1954-1962)
Authors: ليتيم عيسى
Published: December 2024

كان من بين أهداف جبهة التحرير الجزائرية التأكيد على الهوية العربية للكفاح الذي يخوضه الشعب الجزائري، وهي مهمة تحملتها الحركة الطلابية في المشرق العربي، بتأسيس تنظيمات لها، في كل من سوريا ومصر والعراق، والكويت، كانت بمثابة السفير الدائم للجزائر لدى هذه الأنظمة  والشعوب ،ومن جهتها أظهرت هذه الأخيرة استعدادا فطريا لدعم الثورة الجزائرية، بفتح مدارسها لتثقيف الإنسان الجزائري وتعليمه أسس الحرب الحديثة، وساهمت النخب الجزائرية المتخرجة من هذه  المداس والكليات في دعم هياكل الثورة في جوانبها السياسية والعسكرية، وترسيخ الانتماء الإيديولوجي لحركة التحرر الجزائرية، بأبعادها العربية والإسلامية
Histological and Histomorphomitrical Evaluation of Rabbit Oral Cavity Wound Healing by Feeding Absorbable Amino Acid
Authors: Manar Abd Alrazaq Hassan
Published: December 2024

Background: Traumatic oral ulcer is well-circumscribed, depressed lesion with an epithelial defect that is covered by a fibrin clot, resulting in a yellow-white appearance, occurs due to chemical, mechanical or thermal injury to oral mucosal end with painful erosion. Amino acids are necessary for wound healing because they promote the growth of connective tissue as well as the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts.
Objective: evaluation the effect of systemic application of amino acid collection (oral intake) in treatment of traumatic oral ulceration over selected time by histological and histomorophometric assessment of soft tissue healing.
Patients and Methods: 20 adult male rabbits that weight about 700-900 Kg and age about (6-8) months where used in this experimental study. The traumatic ulcer created with (8mm) diameter, and (1mm) by surgical round diamond bur in the right cheek mucosa, then divided the groups  in two groups,10  rabbits for control group that left healed normally , and 10 rabbits for experimental group that daily used  mixture of amino acids systemically through mixing with water for one month. The animals were sacrificed along 3 and 7 days healing periods and the species examined histologically after histological preparation of the traumatic ulcer.
Results: Histological and histomorphometeric findings showed decreased inflammation, accelerated reepithelization of ulcer surface, better angiogenesis, and promoted remodeling of the extracellular matrix resulting with enhanced tissue maturation and complete healing in all study groups than in the control group.
Conclusion: the chemical medicament that represented by systemic application of amino acid effective in accelerating the healing of traumatized ulcers in experimental group than that in control group by accelerated cell proliferation and mucosa reepithelization.
Keywords: Traumatic ulcers, amino acid, reepithelization.
FORECASTING THE VOLUME OF TRADE TURNOVER OF THE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SERVICES BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE EAEU COUNTRIES
Authors: Tsvil Mariya , Demyanenko V. , Safronova V.
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the statistical analysis of the volume of trade turnover of transport and logistics services of the EAEU member countries. Econometric models have been built for forecasting purposes on the basis of the quarterly data from the first quarter of 2020 to the second quarter of 2024 on the export and import of transport and logistics services of Russia with the EAEU countries. The quality assessment of the models has been carried out and the forecast has been made for the third quarter of 2024
RISKS AND THREATS OF SPECULATION IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET
Authors: Shumilina Vera , Sidorenko Elena , Buravleva Alexandra
Published: December 2024

The article examines the risks and threats associated with speculative activity in the financial market. The authors analyze various types of speculation, including currency, stock and commodity. The main focus is on the negative consequences of speculation, such as increased volatility, the formation of price bubbles and the provocation of financial crises. The article also discusses regulatory methods aimed at reducing the risks associated with speculation and ways to protect investors from its negative consequences