bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fragrance Analysis of Two Scented Hippeastrum Species
Authors: Meerow Alan W. , Reed Stewart T. , Dunn Christopher , Schnell Elena
Published: January 2018

We report the analysis of floral fragrance volatiles from two scented amaryllis species, Hippeastrum brasilianum and Hippeastrum parodii. Whereas the headspace of H. brasilianum is dominated by a large peak of (Z)-β-ocimene (88% of total peak area), H. parodii has two large peaks comprising 78%, identified as eucalyptol (1,8-cineole, 30%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (48%). The two species also differ in other constituent compounds. Overall, H. parodii, although producing less total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has a more diverse bouquet. This species also exhibits an inverse pattern of emission between eucalyptol and β-ocimene, both daily and across the 4-day period from anthesis to senescence of the flower. We compare our results with reports for a complex amaryllis hybrid and a bat-pollinated species, Hippeastrum calyptratum. The hybrid had a very different complement of emissions. The bat-pollinated species shared some of the same constituent volatiles as H. brasilianum and H. parodii, but at lower percentages, and emitted a more diverse assortment of compounds. We conclude that both H. brasilianum and H. parodii attract lepidopteran pollinators but suggest that H. parodii may also attract other insects. We briefly discuss floral fragrance from the perspective of breeding amaryllis.
THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM OF YAMATO RULER – EMPEROR HOMUDA IN KIBI REGION
Authors: Surowen D. A.
Published: January 2018

The current paper features the reasons and the content of the administrative-territorial reform introduced by Yamato ruler – emperor Homuda (Ōjin, 390 – late 414 / early 415 AD [of the corrected chronology]) in 411 AD [of the corrected chronology] in Kibi area (in western Honshu). The article contains the data obtained about the administrative-territorial units he organized and the local governors he appointed. It has been revealed that the elderly emperor delegated the rule to his three sons and retreated to Kibi area, which was the homeland of his younger wife E-hime. Upon his arrival, emperor Homuda undertook an administrative-territorial reform for the benefit of the hereditary owners of these lands, i.e. the Mitomo-wake clan. He established districts (Jap. agata) and appointed the “lords of districts” (Jap. agata-nushi). Besides, he appointed the “rulers of regions” (Jap. kuni-no miyatsuko) in the regions (Jap. kuni) of Bizen and Bicchū (in Near and Central Kibi). This reform resulted in the fact that emperor’s cousins-in-laws from his younger wife’s side rose to power in the regions (Jap. kuni) and in the newly- created districts (Jap. agata) of Near and Central Kibi.
LONGITUDE STUDY OF CONSTRUCTIVE FATHERHOOD STRATEGIES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Borisenko Yu. V.
Published: January 2018

The article represents the definition, characteristics and theoretical approaches and psychological basis to constructive fatherhood strategies development. The specifics of the constructive fatherhood strategies development are analyzed in the connection with the life experience and family conditions of the man from an early age. The paper features such components of fatherhood strategies as gender role acceptance, characteristics of the spheres of life goals and sense-bearing and that of personality maturity. It provides the results of a 12-year longitudinal study of the psychological training of responsible fatherhood. The article also represents an analysis of immediate and delayed (about ten years after the training) results of psychological courses for men with no children at the moment of the training. The conclusion is that responsible fatherhood courses for male adolescents have a positive longtime (10 years +) effects.
AGE PECULIARITIES OF REPRESENTATION FORMATION IN SCHOOLCHILDREN AND UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Peskov V. P.
Published: January 2018

The research uses the method of cross sections to identify the current trends in the development of representations among schoolchildren and undergraduate students. The article is an attempt to answer the following question: what is the role of individual features of representation, certain individually changeable integral features of performance at various stages of school and university education? It features the results of the study of the integral characteristics (brightness-clearness, controllability and liveliness), taking into account age and different modalities of representation. This study reveals the contribution of each of the integral features of representation throughout the period of study by highlighting age-related peculiarities of formation of representations in pupils and students. The study has identified two distinct phases, characterized by different dynamics of representation formation, the school period and the higher education period. The first one displays the following features: a decrease in liveliness and a simultaneous increase in brightness-clearness, controllability, and ability to representations brightness-clearness. The second period shows an increase in liveliness and simultaneous decrease in brightness-clearness, controllability and ability to representations of the brightness-sharpness of representations.
BIOGRAPHY OF SURGEON B. I. FUKS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SOVIET ERA HISTORY
Authors: Genina E. S. , Fuks B. B.
Published: January 2018

The authors of this article aimed at reconstructing the biography of B. I. Fuks in the context of the history of the Soviet era and its most important events. Boris Ilyich (Ber Eljich) Fuks (1897–1973) was a Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, a surgeon, the founder of Novokuznetsk Surgical School. His scientific and pedagogical activity was primarily connected with the Tomsk State University and the State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, consistently located in Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Stalinsk (Novokuznetsk). The research is based on the documents found in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the State Archives of Tomsk Region, the State Archives of Kemerovo Region, the State Archives of Kemerovo Region in Novokuznetsk, and the Archives of Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors, and some publications in the central and local periodicals. The documents from the personal archive and memoirs of B. B. Fuks, the son of B. I. Fuks (Boston, USA), made up a separate important set of sources.
COLLECTION OF ILLEGAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE CENTER FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY AT THE STATE PUBLIC HISTORICAL LIBRARY: DOCUMENTATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE RSDRP OF PRIMORYE (1906–1909)
Authors: Makarchuk S. V. , Zvyagin S. P.
Published: January 2018

The documentation, proceeding from social-democratic organizations of Primorye during the revolution of 1905–1907 is considered and political reaction, presented in the Collection of Illegal Publications of the Center for Social and Political History (CSPI) at the State Public Historical Library (GPIB). Documentary collections of the library are equated to archival collections and are an important component of the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation, and the documentation contained in them, as a rule, belongs to the category of particularly valuable or unique. The Center for Social and Political History of the State Public Historical Library contains in its collection illegal publications of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), including publications of local organizations and groups. Primorye organizations include 13 documents, which are charters, cash reports, conference resolutions, mandates to deputies, reports on the status and activities, political proclamations. Most of the documents come from the Vladivostok organization of the RSDLP – officially approved by the leading organization of the Primorsky district of the RSDLP, which included all the Social Democratic groups of the Primorsky region. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the organizational structure, status and activities of the organizations of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the Primorsky region of the Amur governor general-governorate and to determine the functional role and significance of the historical documentation presented in the department of the rare book of the CSPI, according to the surviving historical sources. Being historical sources and performing a retrospective function, during the period of its operation the collection documents carried social, political, ideological, and regulatory functions. Their importance for studying the social and political movement in the Far East, Siberia and the country as a whole can not be overestimated.
HISTORY OF DEPORTATION OF THE CHECHEN AND INGUSH PEOPLES TO THE KOKCHETAV REGION ACCORDING TO THE KAZAKHSTAN ARCHIVAL MATERIALS
Authors: Mamaeva G. Е.
Published: January 2018

The current paper uses the sources of the State Archives of Kokshetau, the State Archive of Akmola region (Kokshetau) and the Archive of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) to cover the history of the deportation of the Chechen and the Ingush peoples to Kazakhstan. These are mainly reports, notes, various correspondence, which contain information about the process of resettlement, the economic and domestic and labor arrangements of the socalled special settlers from the North Caucasus. The identified sources of archives give the author an opportunity to recreate the history of the resettlement and the economic accommodation of the special settlers – the Chechens and the Ingush – from the North Caucasus to the territory of the Kokchetau region in the Kazakh SSR. The information obtained has allowed the author to analyze the economic, socioeconomic, cultural structure of the special settlers and, thus, to consider the formation of the Chechen and the Ingush Diasporas on the territory of Kazakhstan. The author introduces a large number of previously unpublished archival materials into scientific use. The use of archival documents allowed the author to disclose various aspects of the issue under consideration.
POLAND AND THE EASTERN PACT
Authors: Morozov S. V.
Published: January 2018

The article features the activities of the Soviet and the Polish governments aimed at creating the so-called Eastern Pact in 1933 – the spring of 1935. The archives of Soviet intelligence declassified in the 2000s show that while the Soviet government fought for the pact, the governments of Poland, Germany and Japan were secretly preparing to conduct a policy of aggression against the USSR as early as in 1935; the secret sponsor and mastermind behind the plan was representatives of the British ruling circles. The major figures of the group were the head of the Bank of England M. Norman and the head of the House of Lords and the Minister of War, Lord Hailsham. By the spring of 1935, the Soviet political authorities already possessed all the information of strategic importance, which allowed them to take the necessary action. In March 1935, the Chinese Eastern Railway was sold, in April they publicized the secret Polish-German treaty signed on 25 February, 1934; on 2 May the Franco-Soviet treaty of mutual assistance was signed, and a similar treaty with Czechoslovakia was concluded on 16 May. Thus, the minor collective security system was established, which would put an end to the plans of Berlin, Tokyo and Warsaw to unleash their anti-Soviet intervention before the end of 1935.
Serviços ambientais e o Delta do Jacuí
Authors: MUNHOZ Eliezer Silveira , CHRISTMANN Jeissiquele Conter , LIMA Júlia Bolognesi de , LIMBERGER Daniela Cristina Hass
Published: January 2018

Serviços ambientais são os benefícios que as pessoas obtêm dos ecossistemas, cujas características fundamentais são as conexões mantidas com as funções, processos e estruturas dos ecossistemas que os originam.  O Delta do Jacuí é um conjunto hidrográfico, que forma o arquipélago composto por 30 ilhas e áreas continentais, canais, pântanos e charcos do Rio Grande do Sul, vizinho de Porto Alegre, cumpre importantes funções ecológicas que melhoram a vida na cidade.
Epífitos vasculares do refúgio de vida silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos
Authors: MATOS Josy Zarur de , SINGER Rosana Farias , SENNA Rosana Moreno , RAMOS Ricardo Aranha , CARNEIRO Andréia Maranhão
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho visa conhecer a riqueza de epífitos vasculares do Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Banhado dos Pachecos. Utilizando o método de Caminhamento adaptado foram inventariadas duas áreas com formações distintas: mata paludosa e mata de restinga. As plantas observadas foram fotografadas e identificadas. No total foram encontradas 35 espécies pertencentes a 20 gêneros e seis famílias. A família Orchidaceae foi a mais diversa, com 13 espécies, seguida por Bromeliaceae, com nove espécies, Cactaceae e Polypodiaceae com quatro, Piperaceae com três e Dryopteridaceae com duas. A mata de restinga apresentou maior número de espécies (26), enquanto que na mata paludosa foram encontradas 22. O levantamento florístico apontou um considerável número de espécies epifíticas o que demonstra a importância ambiental do RVS Banhado dos Pachecos para a manutenção dos ecossistemas que contemplam a sinúsia epifítica.
Biuletyn biblijny
Authors: Strzałkowska (red.) Barbara
Published: January 2018

biuletyn
Biuletyn teologii laikatu
Authors: Parzyszek (red.) Czesław
Published: January 2018

biuletyn
HLA-G in Amerindians: Epidemiology and Worldwide Population Comparison
Authors: Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Enriquez-de-Salamanca Mercedes , Palacio-Gruber Jose , Juarez Ignacio , Muñiz Ester , Nieto Jorge , Campos Cristina , Martin-Villa Jose Manuel
Published: January 2018

Background:

HLA-G molecules are immunosuppressive and avoid fetal rejection by giving negative signals to maternal immune system from fetal trophoblast cell surface. HLA-G genes have been associated to different pathologies: Spontaneous abortions, autoimmunity, tumor progression, transplant rejection and infection. In addition, different World populations show remarkable different HLA-G allele frequencies in the allele that does not produce a full HLA-G molecule (HLA-G*05N); this allele is almost absent in studied Amerindians.

Objectives:

The aim is to study HLA-A.-B,-DRB1 and –G alleles and extended haplotypes in Amerindians for the first time. This may be useful to asses HLA-G epidemiology, association to disease and Preventive Medicine in Amerindians.

Methods:

HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 have been typed by using standard automatic protocols. HLA-G alleles have been detected by direct HLA-G exon 2, exon 3 and exon 4 DNA sequencing. Computer calculations have been done by specific standard methods.

Results:

HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 and –G extended haplotypes have been calculated in Amerindians for the first time. Also, their HLA-G frequencies have been compared with worldwide populations.

Conclusion:

Low frequencies of null HLA-G*01:05N allele are found in Amerindians. The extended haplotypes with this allele bear other typical Amerindian HLA-DRB1 alleles and its origin is discussed. HLA-G allele frequency profile is closer to that of Europeans than to that of Far East Asians. Our findings are useful to Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology associated to Fertility and HLA-G associated pathology and transplantation.
Emphasizing the use of literature as an effectual technique for teaching Language: A Study
Authors: Begum Abhibunnisha
Published: January 2018

This paper aims at emphasizing the use of literature as an effectual technique for teaching both basic language skills (i.e. reading, writing, listening and speaking) and language areas (i.e. and vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation). Reasons for using literary texts in foreign language that is English and the main criteria for selecting apposite literary texts in foreign language classes are hassled as the only language in which all subjects travel is English. Moreover the teaching of language skill’s benefits is obtained through altered genres of literature (i.e. poetry, short fiction, drama and novel). Literature in a language classroom provides adequate space for the learners to observe, validate and mirror themselves.
The purpose of using literature in a language classroom is to formulate the class interactive and it can be assured that an interactive class can apparently develop communicative competence of the learners and remain an enduring impact on their mind. Such a class can develop the decisive thinking abilities of the learners and at the same time preserve a learner centre environment. The use of literature is to focus on the positive contributions of a literary text as it exposes the learner to different registers, types of language use. Literature plays an important role in the English programs of many non-English speaking countries. However, there are some problems encountered by language teachers within the area of teaching English through literature. First, there are very few pedagogically-designed suitable materials that can be used by language teachers in a language classroom. Second, there is a lack of groundwork in the area of literature teaching in TESL / TEFL programs. Third, there is the nonexistence of clear-cut objectives defining the role of literature in ESL /EFL. The teacher has a significant role in teaching English through literature. Literature is not only a device for developing the written and oral skills of the students in the intention language but also is a window opening into the culture of the target language, building up a cultural proficiency in students.
Assessing the Quality of Websites Relating to Complementary and Integrative Health: A Review of Five Domains (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Annie T , Taylor-Swanson Lisa , Buie Ronald W. , Park Albert , Conway Mike
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

In recent years, we have seen both an increase in the utilization of complementary and integrative health (CIH) care, and an increase in information-seeking behavior focused on complementary and integrative health. Thus, understanding the quality of CIH information that is available on the Internet is an imperative. Though there have been a limited number of studies that have evaluated the quality of websites providing information about specific CIH-related topics, a broad evaluation of CIH websites has yet to be conducted.

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to fill that gap. We set out to perform an assessment of website quality in five CIH domains: acupuncture, homeopathy, massage, reiki and yoga. Our research had three main aims: 1) to evaluate the quality of these websites; 2) to evaluate characteristics of websites which may affect readers’ perceptions of websites, specifically message content, structural features, and presentation style; and 3) to investigate the extent to which harms, benefits and purposes of use are stated on websites.

METHODS

This study employed a systematic search strategy to identify websites in each of the target domains to be evaluated. The websites were then classified by type, and a set of checklists focusing on quality, message content, structural features, and presentation style were used to evaluate the websites. Lastly, we performed content analysis to identify harms, benefits, and perceived purposes of use.

RESULTS

There were similarities across domains in terms of their overall quality and their message content. Across all domains, a high proportion of websites received a score of 2 on ownership, currency, interactivity and navigability. Scores were more variable with respect to authorship, balanced presentation of information and the use of sources of information. However, there were differences in terms of their structural features and presentation style. Acupuncture and reiki sites tended to include more external links, and yoga, fewer. The presence of physical locations was more common among homeopathy and massage websites. Additionally, there was variation across domains in the extent to which the websites contained domain-specific terminology. Websites tended to provide a large list of potential benefits, while reporting of harms was scarce.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a need to emphasize inclusion of authorship attribution, balanced presentation of information, and source attribution in online CIH information. There is also a need to better understand how individuals may interact with CIH websites, and to develop tools to assist people to interpret the CIH-related information that they encounter.
THE EFFICACY OF AN INFUSION OF BINAHONG LEAVES (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) STEENIS) AGAINST WILD STRAIN BLACK-PIGMENTED BACTERIA
Authors: Wijaya Vivian , Maharani Elizabeth Shinta , Gunawan Harun Asyiq , Puspitawati Ria
Published: January 2018

Objective: Black-pigmented bacteria represent one of the most prominent causes of chronic periodontitis. The objective of this study is to investigate the in vitro antibacterial effect of an infusion of binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) against black-pigmented bacteria.Methods: The black-pigmented bacteria were isolated from the periodontal pocket of a patient with chronic periodontitis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by means of a dilution test using 105 cfu/ml of bacteria cultured on Brucella broth containing blood and kanamycin, which was exposed to a 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 65%, 80%, and 95% infusion of binahong leaves and then incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. In the blank disc diffusion test, a 50%, 65%, 80%, 95%, and 100% infusion was dripped onto a paper disc placed at the center of a Brucella agar bacterial culture and then incubated for 24 h.Results: The MIC and MBC of the binahong leaf infusion were >65% and 80%, respectively, while the antibacterial activity was not correlated with the duration of the exposure to the infusion. The diffusion test showed that an increased concentration of the infusion resulted in an increased diameter of the inhibition zone that ranged from 0.42 mm (50% infusion) to 1.42 mm (100% infusion).Conclusion: Binahong leaves infusion has potential efficacy against black-pigmented bacteria
ROSELLE CALYX ETHANOL EXTRACT STIMULATES ORAL MUCOSAL WOUND HEALING
Authors: At Sarwono , Df Suniarti
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aim to analyze the effect of the roselle calyx ethanol extract on oral mucosal wound healing.Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 month, 150 g) were housed under standard temperature conditions (20–22°C). Punch biopsy wounds were inflicted on the inferior labial mucosal membrane of rats. All treatments (normal saline; 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide; and 3.75%, 7.5%, and 15% roselle calyx ethanol extract) were applied 2 times daily. Wounded areas were observed after 8 days of treatment. The specimen of the wounded area was prepared and microscopic slides were analyzed under a light microscope.Results: The histological features of the groups treated with TA and 7.5% roselle calyx ethanol extract showed a similar formation of the epidermis layer and no lymphocytic infiltration of the lamina propria.Conclusion: The application of 7.5% roselle calyx ethanol extract could stimulate oral mucosal wound healing.
EFFECT OF 12.5% VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (COCOS NUCIFERA) MOUTHWASH ON PLAQUE INDEX OF FIXED PROSTHETIC DENTURE USERS
Authors: Saputra Leo , Gita Farisza , Dewi Ratna Sari
Published: January 2018

Objective: To find out the difference in the plaque index scores of FPD users before and after using a 12.5% VCO mouthwash.Methods: The plaque index measurement of an abutment tooth was taken on 40 subjects with FPD in both test and control groups. Subjects used a 12.5% VCO mouthwash or aquades twice a day for 4 days after brushing their teeth. Statistical analysis of the measurement result of the plaque index scores before and after using the coconut oil mouthwash was done using the Wilcoxon test.Results: There is a statistically significant difference in the plaque index scores of FPD users before and after using the 12.5% VCO mouthwash with a statistically significant decrease in plaque index scores among restoration margin locations and tooth brushing habits, but not among age and gender groups.Conclusion: Using a 12.5% VCO mouthwash may decrease the plaque index of fixed prosthetic denture users.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF 0.1% CHLORINE DIOXIDE ON ACTINOMYCES SP. AS AN AGENT OF BLACK STAIN
Authors: Eunike Maria Clarissa , Fauziah Eva , Suharsini Margaretha
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects of 0.1% chlorine dioxide and 0.1% chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the bacterial viability of Actinomyces sp. as an agent of black stain.Methods: The authors conducted a clinical trial involving 16 children ages 6–11 with at least 8 black-stained teeth. Subjects were randomized into 2 groups and instructed to rinse with chlorine dioxide or chlorhexidine mouthrinse twice daily. At baseline and after 7 days, samples of black stain plaque were collected, and Actinomyces sp. was cultured. Its bacterial viability was evaluated using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay.Results: After 7 days, Actinomyces sp. viability was remarkably reduced in both groups, and there was a significantly higher reduction in viability in the 0.1% chlorine dioxide group than there was in the 0.1% chlorhexidine group.Conclusion: Mouthrinse containing 0.1% chlorine dioxide has a greater antibacterial effect against Actinomyces sp. than mouthrinse containing 0.1% chlorhexidine.
THE EFFECT OF THE POP-UP BOOK AKU DAN GIGIKU ON PULSE RATE IN CHILDREN AGED 4–6 YEARS
Authors: Citrawuni Meutia D , Suharsini Margaretha , Fauziah Eva , Adriani Kusuma P
Published: January 2018

Objective: Anxiety is regarded as a major problem in children undergoing dental treatment. One of the physiological responses to anxiety is an increased pulse rate. Young children respond aggressively to anxiety and are in need of psychological intervention. Pop-up books can be used as an instrument to improve their interest and to help them understand the substance of dental health education.The objective of this study was to utilize pulse rate measurements to investigate the intervention of a pop-up book in reducing anxiety. A total of 78 children aged 4–6 years were divided into two groups: An intervention group with the pop-up book Aku dan Gigiku and a control group without intervention. The pulse rates of both groups were measured. This study comprised an experimental clinical research design. The independent t-test was used to measure comparisons of decreased pulse rate between the two groups.Result: The result showed that there was a statistically significant difference in decreased pulse rate with and without the intervention of the pop-up book Aku dan Gigiku. Pop-up books are often used as an educational medium for children because they present interesting illustrations and are easy to understand.Conclusion: As a medium of dental health education, pop-up books can contribute significantly to reducing anxiety in children.
CORRELATION BETWEEN ANXIETY IN MOTHERS AND CHILDREN WITH SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS BEFORE DENTAL TREATMENT
Authors: Sovaria Margaretha , Shofiyah Eka S , Rizal Mochamad F , Budiardjo Sarworini B
Published: January 2018

Objective: Mothers have very important roles in their children’s development. Their instinctive love develops strong emotional connections with their children, especially when their children have sensory impairments (SI). Feelings experienced by mothers, such as anxiety toward dental treatment, can affect their children’s emotions. Salivary alpha amylase (sAA) has been proposed as a biomarker of stress due to its sensitivity to changes in the body, such as dental anxiety. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between sAA levels in mothers and children with SI before dental treatment.Methods: Measurement of sAA from sixty pairs of children with SI and their mothers was taken together in the waiting room before the children’s dental treatment. Spearman’s analysis was used to find the correlation between their sAA levels.Results: In this study, sAA levels in mothers accompanying their children with SI correlated significantly with their children’s sAA levels (r=0.533; p<0.002).Conclusions: The correlation between dental anxiety in mothers and children with SI before dental treatment was found to be significant.Practical Implications: Anxiety toward dental care is a phenomenon that frequently arises in children. Mothers, the main influencers of their children’s development, are thought to be one cause of high anxiety in children. Children with special needs are at a higher risk for developing dental problems. Therefore, an understanding of these children’s levels of anxiety can be used by pediatric dentists to improve dental care.
PREPARATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF LACIDIPINE ORAL LIQUID SOLID TABLET AS AN APPROACH OF SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE ENHANCEMENT
Authors: Rajab Nawal Ayash
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to prepare a new liquid-solid tablet to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of a poor water soluble calcium channel blocker lacidipine.Methods: Firstly, solubility study of lacidipine in different media of water-miscible non-volatile solvents as tween 20, tween 80, propylene glycol, liquid paraffin, PEG200, PEG400, and PEG600 was investigated to select the most suitable solvent. A mathematical model was applied to calculate the appropriate amount of carrier and coating material.Four liquid-solid tablets of 6 mg lacidipine were prepared by dissolving the drug in the previously chosen water miscible non-volatile solvents, then a binary mixture of the carrier (Avicel PH 102) and coating material (Aerosil 200) at a ratio of 45:1 was used in all preparation since it gave the optimal flow property. Croscarmellose and magnesium stearate were incorporated in all prepared formulas as super disintegrant and lubricant respectively. On the other hand, directly compressed lacidipine tablet of the same previous composition without the addition of any non-volatile solvent was prepared for comparism study. Both characterizations of powder mixture and post-compression tablet evaluations were done. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were investigated for the pure drug, physical mixture, and selected liquid-solid tablet to exclude any drug-excipients interaction.Results: The obtained results indicated that PEG 200 was the most suitable solvent with lacidipine solubility of 2.81 mg/ml. Flowability of all the prepared formulas was found to be within the specification limits. The liquid-solid tablet formula with PEG 200 at 10% w/w lacidipine was the most suitable one in the term of disintegration time (21±0.2 second), 100% of drug release within 10 min, and with accepted other tablet properties.DSC thermograms for both physical mixture of selected liquisolid system and its tablets illustrated the formation of lacidipine amorphous solid solution. The absence of chemical interaction between drug and other formula components was confirmed by remaining all characteristic peaks of lacidipine in all investigated FTIR spectra.Conclusion: Liquid-solid tablet was considered as a promising system to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of poor-water soluble lacidipine.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF BROMOCRIPTINE MESYLATE AS FAST DISSOLVING ORAL FILM
Authors: Tamer Manar Adnan , Hammid Shaimaa Nazar Abd-al , Ahmed Balqis
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and in vitro evaluate fast dissolving oral film of practically insoluble bromocriptine mesylate to enhance its solubility and to improve its oral bioavailability by avoiding first pass effect as well as to produce an immediate release action of the drug from the film for an efficient management of diabetes mellitus type II in addition to an improvement of the patient compliance to this patient-friendly dosage form.Methods: The films were prepared by the solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of grades (E3, E5, E15), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pectin and gelatin as film-forming polymers in addition to polyethene glycol 400 (PEG400), propylene glycol (PG) and glycerin were used as a plasticizer. Poloxamer 407 was used as a surfactant, sodium saccharin as a sweetening agent, citric acid as a saliva stimulating agent, vanilla as a flavouring agent and crospovidone as a super disintegrant. The prepared films then tested for physical characterization, thickness, weight uniformity, mechanical characteristics (folding endurance, tensile strength, percent elongation and Young's modulus), surface pH, in vitro disintegration time, drug content and an in vitro drug release.Results: Films were found to be satisfactory when evaluated for physical characterization, thickness, weight uniformity, mechanical tests, in vitro disintegration time, folding endurance, drug content and an in vitro drug release. The surface pH of all the films was found to be neutral or minor change. Films in vitro drug release studies were also done using USP dissolution apparatus type II (paddle type). The in vitro drug release profile in the optimized formulation F14 was gave 86.8 % of drug released at 2 min. The optimized formulation F14 was also showed satisfactory pH (6.2±0.2), drug content (99.2±0.5%), the disintegration time of 9.2±0.1 seconds and the time needed for 80% of medication to be released (T80 %) was 1.35 minute.Conclusion: The bromocriptine mesylate fast dissolving oral film was formulated. The given film disintegrates within nine seconds which release the drug rapidly and gives an action.
SOLID STATE CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL PHYSICAL INTERACTION (PARACETAMOL-CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE)
Authors: Sopyan Iyan , Sari Intan Mutiara , K. Insan Sunan
Published: January 2018

Objective: Interactions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as well as pharmaceutical excipients don’t occur in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Base on structures of paracetamol (PCT) and chlorphenamine maleate (CTM), its combination is possible to give a physical interaction in the solid state. This study was conducted to investigate the physical interaction of PCT and CTM in the solid state.Methods: Characterization used the polarization microscope, solubility test, powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) to observe peak shifting in 2Ɵ angle, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to examine wavenumber shifting.Results: Results of solubility exhibited an increased solubility percentage with increasing concentration. Polarization microscope analysis presented a combination of crystal morphology after the two substances were mixed in an equimolar ratio. The result of melting point determination of each pure substance was 172 °C for PCT, 132 °C for CTM, and 170 °C for the mixture of the two substances in various ratios. Diffractogram showed the shifting at angle 2Ɵ: 20.715, 19.355-23.500 and 21.840, 26.455-20.330 for concentration ratio of PCT: CTM in (132:0.5) and (330:1) respectively and any change in the functional group was observed from infrared spectrum.Conclusion: All evaluation of PCT and CTM in the solid state has exhibited the interaction in solid condition.
THE ENHANCEMENT EFFECT OF CASTOR OIL ON THE PERMEABILITY OF FLURBIPROFEN AS TRANSDERMAL GEL
Authors: Alaayedi Maryam , Mahmood Hasanain , Saeed Ashti
Published: January 2018

Objective: The object of this study was to improve flurbiprofen permeability transdermally using castor oil as penetration enhancer.Methods: Castor oil with different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) was used in this study as a natural enhancer to improve flurbiprofen permeation transdermally as a gel. The formulated gel of the drug was evaluated for several physicochemical characteristics. The in vitro release and permeability studies for the drug were performed using Franz cell diffusion apparatus across the synthetic membrane. Korsmeyer Pappas kinetic model was used to study the release mechanism of flurbiprofen from the gel.Results: The results demonstrated that castor oil was safe with no skin irritation and the formulas were stable over time. Castor oil was significantly effective in increasing the percent of flurbiprofen permeability from 46%±2.9 for the gel without enhancer to 95%±2 for the gel with 5% castor oil and increasing its penetration is directly related to the oil concentration. Two mechanisms for the drug release from the gel were involved, which are non-Fickian (anomalous) and super case II transport.Conclusion: Flurbiprofen gel was prepared and evaluated successfully for an in vitro parameters with a good permeation across a synthetic membrane. The results demonstrated that castor oil had an effective enhancement for permeation of flurbiprofen.
Gestión de redes y asociaciones de internacionalización de la educación superior en el mundo
Authors: Aponte María Claudia , Ramírez María del Pilar
Published: January 2018

Las redes y las asociaciones para la internacionalización de la educación superior, se han constituido en espacios para liderar la incorporación e integración de las universidades en el mundo, y procurar así la negociación conjunta con gobiernos locales, generar investigaciones sobre internacionalización y globalización, agenciar el financiamiento para programas nacionales de movilidad y de nuevas iniciativas. El presente artículo recoge los resultados de la investigación denominada “Gestión de Redes y Asociaciones de Internacionalización de la Educación Superior en el mundo”, que surge del interés de analizar de manera comparativa los modelos de gestión y las prácticas de redes o asociaciones de internacionalización en la educación superior, con el propósito de mejorar la gestión del Nodo Occidente de la Red Colombiana para la Internacionalización de la Educación Superior (RCI).
Perfil lector de los estudiantes de Secundaria de la República Dominicana
Authors: Espaillat Cristina Amiama , Ruiz Cristina Mayor
Published: January 2018

La Educación Secundaria en la República Dominicana se puede convertir en un obstáculo para que sus ciudadanos se inserten de forma competitiva en la economía global, y tengan, en general, una vida de bienestar personal. La lectura es un requisito imprescindible para asegurar el desarrollo de las personas y la igualdad de oportunidades. Partiendo de esa mirada, fue pensada y realizada esta investigación, la cual, describe el perfil lector del estudiante de secundaria y propone orientaciones para su mejora. Para la misma, se tomó una muestra de 382 estudiantes a nivel nacional, y se aplicaron tres instrumentos: ColeP, basado en los textos liberados de PISA; Escala de Fluidez Lectora Adaptada, y un cuestionario de Práctica Lectora. El resultado principal es que un mínimo porcentaje de los estudiantes son considerados “lectores”, de los cuáles, la mayoría pertenece al sector privado, a pesar que casi todos los estudiantes del sector público tienen acceso a recursos tecnológicos y han realizado, al menos, un curso del nivel inicial, lo que hace necesario repensar las estrategias de intervención focalizando las características de cada centro educativo.
O EFEITO DA ARRECADAÇÃO tributária E DO PIB NO ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO SOCIOECONÔMICO (IDESE) DOS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Gaieski Ronaldo João , Grando Tadeu , Martins Vanessa De Quadros , Corrêa Suelen , Brunozi Junior Antônio Carlos
Published: January 2018

O maior desafio para todo e qualquer governante é proporcionar o bem-estar da população, atendendo suas necessidades por meio da adequada gestão dos recursos públicos. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar se o nível de arrecadação e o PIB interferem no Índice de Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostra foi constituída por 496 municípios gaúchos, com 2.480 observações referentes ao período entre 2009 e 2013. Configurou-se, para a investigação do objetivo central do estudo, uma análise de regressão linear múltipla pelo método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários, com dados em painel com efeitos aleatórios. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que o nível de arrecadação e o PIB afetam positivamente o IDESE. Quanto à arrecadação, pode-se inferir que a cada 1% de crescimento no nível arrecadado tem-se 0,11% de melhora no IDESE. Para o PIB, a cada 1% de crescimento no PIB do município, ocorre uma melhoria de 0,06% no IDESE. Com isso, percebe-se que os municípios que mais arrecadam e que possuem maior riqueza proporcionam aos seus cidadãos uma maior qualidade de vida, por meio da oferta de melhores serviços públicos, beneficiando a população.
”Stop – ro på – tænk!”. Normativitet og selvkontrol i statens arbejde med børn og indsatte
Authors: Pedersen Oline , Laursen Julie
Published: January 2018

Artiklen undersøger de krav til individet, der ligger i de adfærdsregulerende programmer, der bruges i så forskellige institutionelle kontekster som danske fængsler og danske børnehaver og børnehaveklasser. Det kendetegner begge felter, at der i stigende grad anvendes programmer, der har til formål at ændre eller bearbejde henholdsvis de indsatte og børnenes adfærd, tanker og selvforståelser. Det er disse nye krav vi gerne vil undersøge nærmere, både i forhold til at forstå hvad kravene til borgernes selv er, og i forhold til at vise, hvordan kravene realiseres, således er det både indhold og metoder, der er vores fokus. Ved at se nærmere på program-praksis får vi således et vindue ind til, hvad den decentrale aktivistiske stat kræver af borgernes sociale kompetencer. Dette subjekt har (selv)kontrol, sociale og emotionelle kompetencer, situationsfornemmelse og kan verbalisere deres følelser på en afmålt og afbalanceret facon. Disse mål risikere at ekskludere såvel børn som indsatte, der har vanskeligheder med at leve op til dem.

ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Oline Pedersen and Julie Laursen: ”Stop, relax and think”: Norms and Self-Control in Working with Children and Prisoners

This article examines manual-based, behavioural programmes in institutions such as children’s day-care centres, schools and the Danish prison service. It studies the demands for the individual that are expressed in these. Despite their many differences, these institutions have at least one thing in common; the use of manual-based behavioural programmes. These programmes strive to change the prisoners’ and children’s behaviour, thoughts and self-understandings by teaching them pro-social skills and verbalisation of emotions. By examining these aims in practice, we are able to point to some wider implications and more general trends including the emphasis placed on the importance of self-control, emotional and social competencies, and the importance of a good sense of propriety and not the least the ability to objectify one’s emotions. We argue that there is a risk of excluding both children and prisoners who fail to live up to these many-facetted and subtle goals.

Keywords: children, prisoners, manual-based programs, verbalisation and objectification of emotions, pro-social skills.
Studi Kelayakan Pekerjaan Pemilihan Zona Produksi dan Squeeze off Cementing pada Sumur MY05
Authors: Novri Novrianti
Published: January 2018

Meningkatnya water cut pada sumur MY05 menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan produksi minyak. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, perlu dilakukan pekerjaan squeeze off pada zona perforasi yang mempunyai kontribusi produksi minyak yang rendah dan potensi produksi air yang tinggi. Setelah pekerjaan squeeze off selesai, selanjut dapat dilakukan pekerjaan shot top perforation (STP) untuk membuka zona produksi supaya produksi minyak dapat produksi. Pemilihan lapisan sand 1440’ sebagai target perkerjaan squeeze off dan STP berdasarkan jumlah cadangan minyak yang tersisa (remaining oil reserve). Selain itu studi keekonomian juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui  tingkat kelayakan proyek. Hasil kedua pekerjaan tersebut mengindikasikan adanya peningkatan produksi minyak sebesar 405 BOPD dan berkurang nya nilai water cut menjadi 76%. Hasil analisa keekonomian menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan tersebut sangat ekonomis untuk dilakukan.
Nekotorye tekstologiceskie osobenosti petnickogo (Lepavinskogo) psaltyrja
Authors: Karacorova Ivona
Published: January 2018

Stat'ja posvjascena redakcionnoj prinadleznosti rukopisnoj Petnicskoj
(Lepavinskoj) psaltyri, perepisannoj d'jakom Nikoloj v 1488 g. v Petnice. V
rezul'tate tekstologiceskih sopostavlenij s rukopisnymi psaltyrjami raznyh
redakcij bylo ustanovleno, cto rassmatrivaemyj tekst prinadlezit k afonskoj
redakcii slavjanskoj Psaltyri, sozdannoj v svjatogorskih monastyrjah v XIV veke.
Privedeny sootvetstvujuscie dokazatel'stva - diagnosticeskie leksiceskie
zameny, bol'sinstvo kotoryhproizvedeno s cel'ju bolee tocnoj peredaci
greceskogo originala, a takze grammaticeskie zameny, preimuscestvenno sredi
glagolov: posledovatel'naja zamena form aorista perfektnymi formami, propusk
vspomagatel'nogo glagola ?byti?. Rassmatrivajutsja takze osobennosti zagolovkov
psalmov v Petnicskoj psaltyri, kak i harakternye dlja spiskov XIV i XV vv.
marginal'nye cifrovye oboznacenija. V stat'e udeleno vnimanie istorii Psaltyri
kak knigi v evrejskom i hristianskom bogosluzenii.
Traduzioni dall’italiano di Joakim Vujic (I parte)
Authors: Djuric Zeljko
Published: January 2018

Nel lontano 1802, a Trieste, dove ha raggiunto la comunit? serba che guidata
dall?illustre scrittore Dositej Obradovic cercava di assorbire la cultura
razionalistica europe per trapiantarla poi, almeno in parte, nell? tesssuto
della cultura serba, Joakim Vujic studia le lingue straniere (italiano,
francese, inghlese) e appena compiuto con successo i primi passi si mette a
tradurre un romanzo italiano che gli ? venuto sotto mano: per esercitarsi
nella lingua e per offrire al pubblico serbo un testo divertente e utile. Si
tratta del romanzo di Antonio Piazza intitolato Il vero amore o sia la
storia amorosa d?Irene ? Filandro, un testo linguisticamente complicato, non
lontano, per stile, dalla tradizione del romanzo barocco italiano. Nella
situazione culturale quando la lingua serba stava vivendo il periodo della
sua lenta ed incerta maturazione, Joakim Vujic, nel tradurre, ha
continuamente dovuto fare le scelte tra le soluzioni del serbo slavo, la
lingua del ceto intellettuale, e del serbo volgare che in quel periodo si
faceva strada per entrare nella letteratura. Il nostro lavoro cerca di
descrivere e di analizzare il suo coraggioso tentativo.
Stojan Jovanovic - a state cadet and the author of French grammar
Authors: Popovic Radomir
Published: January 2018

Stojan Jovanovic, called by the name of Cukic by his contemporaries, is
mainly known as a leader of Katanska buna (The Rebellion of Katanas) in 1844.
The subject of this paper is Jovanovic?s education in Serbia and Vienna. A
thesis statement is that Stojan Jovanovic, Filip Hristic, and Anastas
Jovanovic have enjoyed the favor and support of the Obrenovic family, to whom
they have been loyal in return. Stojan Jovanovic belonged to the first
generation of students who've graduated from all schools existing in Serbia
during Prince Milos?s reign - he has finished the primary school in Belgrade,
the High School, i.e. the Kragujevac Gymnasium in 1836, and has attended the
Military Academy in Pozarevac, Belgrade and Kragujevac between 1837 and 1838.
In 1839. Jovanovic was appointed to the first group of state cadets who were
sent to study in Vienna. This generation of students was in many ways similar
to the one that attended the Belgrade Higher School (1808 - 1813). Jovanovic
stayed in Vienna for three years. For the first two years he has learned
French and German, preparing for the Law school. He has enrolled at the
Vienna University in the winter of 1841, and passed three exams by the end of
the school year. Several times he has asked the Ministry of education in
Belgrade to send him to study in Paris, but he was denied. On the initiative
of the emissary of the Serbian government, Jovan Sterija Popovic, Jovanovic
and other cadets have been withdrawn from the studies in Vienna. Between
1842. and 1844. Jovanovic has taken part in three rebellions against the
regime of Ustavobranitelji (the Defenders of the Constitution). In the summer
of 1844. in Vienna, Jovanovic has printed a manual for learning French,
French Grammar. Although it is a compilation, the manual is significant since
it has brought contemporary methods of learning French language to Serbian
readers. The papers end with a well founded presumption, based on the yet
unknown document, that Stojan Jovanovic has survived the Katanska buna in
1844.