bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instrumenty prawne ochrony klimatu przed uchwaleniem Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu (2019)
Authors: Ciechanowicz-McLean Janina
Published: December 2021

W 1992 r. podpisano w Rio de Janeiro, podczas konferencji określanej mianem „Szczytu Ziemi”, ramową konwencję w sprawie zmian klimatu, zwaną konwencją klimatyczną. Jest to pierwsza umowa międzynarodowa w całości poświęcona ochronie klimatu przed zmianami. Jej celem jest doprowadzenie do stabilizacji antropogenicznych gazów cieplarnianych w atmosferze oraz adaptacja do zmian klimatu. Wprowadzono tam wspólną, lecz zróżnicowaną odpowiedzialność państw za problemy związane ze zmianami klimatu. Wprowadzono też kilka zasad postępowania w tym zakresie, aby chronić klimat dla dobra obecnych i przyszłych pokoleń. Protokół z Kioto z 1997 r., mający charakter wykonawczy do konwencji klimatycznej, wzmocnił rolę prawa w przeciwdziałaniu zmianom klimatu, poprzez wprowadzenie instrumentów ekonomicznych, w tym handlu uprawnieniami do emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Konferencja Stron Konwencji Klimatycznej COP 21 w Paryżu w 2015 r. przyjęła projekt porozumienia klimatycznego, którego celem jest zatrzymanie do końca XXI w. wzrostu globalnego ocieplenia do 2°C poprzez m.in. kontrybucje narodowe dotyczące redukcji i pochłaniania CO2. Wprowadzona w 2019 r. koncepcja Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu w Unii Europejskiej zakłada nową zrównoważoną strategię na rzecz wzrostu gospodarczego, w której w 2050 r. nie będzie emisji netto gazów cieplarnianych, a wzrost gospodarczy zostanie oddzielony od wykorzystania zasobów. W europejskim prawie o klimacie nie proponuje się nowych instrumentów prawnych w tym przedmiocie poza tymi, które zostały już wprowadzone przez konwencję klimatyczną i porozumienie klimatyczne.
Effectiveness of the United Kingdom Soil Protection Laws in Protecting the Ecosystem Service of Carbon Sequestration Introduction
Authors: Demir Merve , Green Iain , Ginige Tilak
Published: December 2021

Carbon is crucial for life and exists in various reservoirs, such as plant tissues, soil organic matter, geology, and atmosphere. There is a direct relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere and rising temperatures. CO2 is removed from the atmosphere and stored in ecosystems. Carbon sequestration (CS) – the process of capturing and storing atmospheric CO2 – and expanding C storage of soils are appealing climate change (CC) responses. Agricultural soils are one of the largest C reservoirs and have potential for extended CS. Thus, protecting this ecosystem service (ES) we obtain from soils is crucial for addressing CC. Soil protection legislation should incorporate the significance of CS.

The key issues in the sphere of natural resources can only be addressed by utilizing natural sciences in legal arguments. Accordingly, this study begins with highlighting the importance of soils for CS from a natural science perspective. This study analyses soil protection laws in the UK by scrutinizing whether they eliminate pressures on agricultural soils in a way that protect CS. The findings of this study suggest that soil protection laws do not offer a satisfactory protection for CS. We conclude by discussing alternative approaches for protecting CS in an effective manner and reverse the current trends in ES protection.
Метод определения параметров утечек в трубопроводах на основе гидродинамических моделей
Authors: Bondar Denis V. , Zholobov Vladimir V. , Nadezhkin Oleg S.
Published: December 2021

It is known that on the basis of the pipeline non-stationary hydrodynamic model after identification of parameters included in it, it is possible to adequately reproduce the full-scale hydraulic characteristics of transported medium flow by resolving the primal problem of hydraulics, in particular, the primal problem of identifying leakage parameters. The numerical solution of the inverse problem, in contrast to the analytical solution, is usually reduced to a multiple solution of the primal problem. In the present work, the hydrodynamic mathematical model of a pipeline with two parameters that have been identified and fluid withdrawal in the set section is confined to differential equations of evolutionary type for medium cross-section pressure and mass flow. Based on the built partial analytical solutions of these equations, dependences have been obtained for calculation of pressure values in the oil pipeline operated in stationary mode with existing liquid withdrawal (leakage). Results of application of analytical solutions to the method of sensitivity functions in the inverse problem of identifying leakage parameters have been reviewed. Exact analytical solution (in implicit form) of the inverse problem has been obtained to make it possible to relate the location of the leak to readings of pressure sensors, to the pipeline and the transported fluid parameters.

Известно, что на основе нестационарной гидродинамической модели трубопровода после идентификации входящих в нее параметров можно адекватно воспроизводить натурные гидравлические характеристики потока транспортируемой среды путем решения прямой задачи гидравлики, в частности, прямой задачи об утечке, когда местоположение и расход отбора заданы. Численное решение обратной задачи, в отличие от аналитического обычно сводится к многократному решению прямой задачи. В предлагаемой работе гидродинамическая математическая модель трубопровода с двумя параметрами, прошедшими идентификацию, и отбором жидкости в заданном сечении сведена к дифференциальным уравнениям эволюционного типа для среднего по сечению давления и массового расхода. На основе частных аналитических решений данных уравнений получены зависимости для определения давления в работающем в стационарном режиме нефтепроводе при наличии отбора (утечки). Рассмотрены результаты применения аналитических решений к методу функций чувствительности в обратной задаче утечки. Получено точное аналитическое решение (в неявной форме) обратной задачи, позволяющее связать местоположение утечки с показаниями датчиков давления, характеристиками трубопровода и транспортируемой среды.
Математический алгоритм для обнаружения утечек малой интенсивности
Authors: Loginov Ivan N. , Korshunov Sergey A.
Published: December 2021

The operating principle of leak detection systems, based on registration of transported medium hydroacoustic fluctuations, appearing due to pipeline loss of containment, consists of identification of hydraulic impulse, originating in case of leakage, using acoustic dynamic pressure measuring sensors - hydrophones. However, during pumping at pipeline stationary operating mode hydrophones also register background noises, which can mask the leakage signal. To separate the useful leakage signal it is important to construct an algorithm that allows lowering the noise component of the signals. Within the scope of experimental research, two pairs of hydrophones were used, which were installed at the functioning main oil pipeline at a distance of 20 km of each other. The distance between the adjacent paired hydrophones was no more than 1 km. Leaks were imitated by draining the product (diesel fuel) in the middle of control section. Authors considered the methods of noisy signals filtration and possible methods of cleared signals processing to determine the leak parameters. Mathematical algorithm that allows minimizing the influence of signal noise by filtration and mutual hydrophone readings compensation was proposed. It is established, that the developed algorithm allows detecting the leakages of low intensity (up to 0.1 % of actual flow) in cases of stationary pipeline operating mode and pumping stop mode.

Принцип работы систем обнаружения утечек, основанных на регистрации гидроакустических колебаний транспортируемой среды, возникающих из-за разгерметизации трубопровода, состоит в идентификации гидравлического импульса, возникающего при образовании утечки, с помощью акустических датчиков измерения динамического давления – гидрофонов. Однако гидрофоны в процессе перекачки при стационарном режиме работы трубопровода регистрируют в том числе фоновые шумы, которые могут маскировать сигнал от утечки. Для выделения полезного сигнала утечки актуально построение алгоритма, позволяющего понизить шумовые составляющие сигналов. В рамках экспериментальных исследований использовались две пары гидрофонов, которые устанавливались на действующем магистральном нефтепродуктопроводе на расстоянии 20 км друг от друга. Расстояние между соседними гидрофонами в паре составляло не более 1 км. Утечки имитировались путем выполнения натурных сливов продукта (дизельного топлива) в середине контрольного участка. Авторами рассмотрены методы фильтрации зашумленных сигналов и возможные способы обработки очищенных сигналов с целью определения параметров утечки. Предложен математический алгоритм, позволяющий минимизировать влияние шумовых составляющих сигналов путем фильтрации и взаимной компенсации показаний пар гидрофонов. Установлено, что разработанный алгоритм позволяет обнаруживать утечки малой интенсивности (до 0,1 % от фактического расхода) в условиях стационарного режима работы трубопровода и режима остановленной перекачки.
Совершенствование методов планирования ремонтных работ на основе анализа надежности нефтепроводной системы
Authors: Belostotsky Mikhail A. , Korolenok Anatoly M.
Published: December 2021

The author presents the methodology for identifying risks in operation of main oil pipelines, which can be based upon in improvement of methods for planning overhauls of the main pipelines. A method for calculating reliability indicators of the system is reviewed, including analysis of the type distributions of the system elements failures pattern. The reliability of the system is determined by purely mathematical operations on the obtained distributions. Such an approach is typical for the system (structural, mathematical) theory of reliability, the key task thereof being the transition from the elements reliability indicators to the system reliability indicators. It is advisable to resolve the problems of calculating the actual reliability of a complex technical system taking for consideration the dependencies of its elements, based on the approach assuming that reliability of the elements and the system shall be calculated in the general multi-level simulation process wherein both physical and structural models are used. Physical models of elements reliability are used at lower levels, while structural models are used at higher ones.

Установлена своевременность и актуальность идентификации и формализации структурно-логических связей показателей эксплуатации линейной части магистральных нефтепроводов. Представлена методология идентификации рисков при эксплуатации магистральных нефтепроводов, которая может быть положена в основу совершенствования методов планирования их капитальных ремонтов. Рассмотрен метод для расчета показателей надежности технической системы, предусматривающий анализ типовых распределений отказов ее элементов. Надежность системы находится чисто математическими операциями над полученными распределениями. Подобный подход характерен для системной (структурной, математической) теории надежности, основной задачей которой является переход от показателей надежности элементов к показателям надежности системы. Задачи расчета реальной надежности сложной технической системы с учетом зависимостей ее элементов целесообразно решать на основе подхода, который состоит в том, что расчет надежности элементов и системы проводится в общем многоуровневом имитационном моделирующем процессе с применением физических и структурных моделей. Физические модели надежности элементов используются на низших уровнях, а структурные модели – на высших.
Effects of Health Policies on the COVID-19 Process
Authors: Sendur Ali , Cakir Zafer , Sozen Mehmet Enes
Published: December 2021

Aim: Many people around the world are still affected by coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. The high spread rate of the COVID-19 and the number of deaths make it more important than ever to understand the behavior of the disease. In this
work, the effects of health policies on the COVID-19 process is examined by taking into account various data. Material and Methods: Official articles, circulars issued by decision makers, Worldometer and Our World in Data websites
are used to study the effects of the health policies on the COVID-19 process from 10.03.2020 to 30.06.2021. The scenario in which the appropriate precautions were not taken by decision makers is also considered by simulating data
with the method of least squares. Results: It has been determined that the measures taken have positive effects with a delay of 12-15 days. We observe that the policies adopted for the COVID-19 process are effective in reducing
the number of cases and deaths. We note that there were increases in the number of cases after the removal of some measures. Overall, Turkey’s situation in terms of total case and mortality rates in COVID-19 process is better than
the average of some European and neighboring countries. Conclusion: The results shows that Turkey has quite disciplined and successful health policy to overcome coronavirus disease.
Heme Polymerization Inhibitory Activity And Phytochemical Screening Of Ethyl Acetate Fraction In Manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne) Stem
Authors: Arnida  , Siti Humairah Z.A  , Sutomo  , Fadlillahturrahmah
Published: December 2021

The native Indonesian plant that is empirically used as an antimalarial agent is manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne). This study aims to determine chemical compound and heme polymerization inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem based on IC50 value. The method identification of chemical compound used tube test, and the method of heme polymerization inhibitory activity was Basilico through in vitro method. The results of chemical compound identification of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, and anthraquinones. The average percentages of heme polymerization inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem from concentration 20; 10; 5; 2.5; 1.25; 0.625; 0.3125 mg / mL were 98.507; 97,872; 96,407; 93,560; 88,419; 80,680; and 45.467%.The averages of IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction and chloroquine diphosphate were 0.24 ± 0.018 mg/mL and 0.214 ± 0.012 mg/mL. This shows that the ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem has heme polymerization inhibitory activity. The result of the independent sample t-Test obtained the significance value of 0.111 (p more than 0.05) that there was no significant difference. It means that the ethyl acetate fraction of C. Tomentosa stem has heme polymerization inhibitory activity as well as chloroquine diphosphate. This suggests the potentiation of the methyl acetate fraction of the stem C. Tomentosa as anti-malarial.
Jamu Kunir Asem: Ethnomedicine Overview by Javanese Herbal Medicine Formers in Yogyakarta
Authors: Kurniawan Febri Yuda , Jalil Muhamad , Purwantoro Aziz , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Purnomo
Published: December 2021

Kunir asem is one of the traditional drinks that still survive in Javanese society. The young generation needs to be introduced to the heritage of traditional herbal medicine, so that its existence is maintained. Some people judge that herbal medicine is an ancient traditional drink and does not keep up with the times. The objectives of this study are: (1) Explain the study of etnobotany which make up turmeric acid; (2) Explain how the principle of the benefits of kunir asem is based on the understanding of the seller of herbs in the Province of Yogyakarta. This study uses a qualitative method. The research data was taken with documentation, interviews, and documentation. The research data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The conclusion of this study is that biopharmaca plants in kunir asem are turmeric and tamarind, and some are added spices in the form of brown sugar, lemongrass, cardamom, cloves, kedawung, lime, and cinnamon. Herb sellers reveal that kunir asem can promote haids, facilitate digestion, reduce stomach acid, as an antibiotic, fresh body, and eliminate acne.
Editorial
Authors: Waras Nurcholis
Published: December 2021

Puji dan syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan hidayahNya, Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Volume 6 No 1 tahun 2021 dapat diterbitkan. Jurnal Jamu Indonesia merupakan media untuk diseminasi hasil penelitian yang berkaitan dengan jamu di Indonesia. Jamu telah dikenal lama penduduk Indonesia sebagai salah satu pengobatan. Berbagai tanaman di Indonesia sangat berpotensi sebagai jamu. Penelitian tanaman obat dari bagian daun, batang, dan rimpang tanaman telah banyak dilakukan dan terus berkembang. 
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia pada Volume 6 No 1 Tahun 2021 terdiri atas 5 naskah yang termasuk ke dalam original artikel. Artikel pertama terkait aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi hem dan skrining fitokimia dari fraksi etil asetat batang manuran (Coptosapelta tomentosa Valeton ex K. Heyne). Artikel ke-dua mengkaji tinjauan etnomedisin oleh peramu jamu Jawa di Yogyakarta pada jamu kunir asam. Artikel ke-tiga terkait dengan pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap produktivitas piperin dari buah cabe jawa dan lada hitam. Artikel ke-empat melakukan kajian tentang penapisan fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan terhadap hasil perasan lengkuas merah dan lengkuas putih. Preparasi gelatin sapi berbasis tulang femur untuk aplikasi cangkang kapsul obat herbal melalui hidrolisis asam dan karakterisasinya merupakan artikel ke-lima.
Redaksi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh penulis atas partisipasinya dalam berbagi hasil penelitiannya melalui publikasi di Jurnal Jamu Indonesia. Redaksi juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada seluruh reviewer atas partisipasinya dalam meningkatkan kualitas tulisan naskah jurnal di edisi ini. Semua hasil karya tersebut akan diarsipkan sebagai dokumentasi berharga demi terjaganya informasi yang dapat menjadi sumber pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan di masa depan. Kontribusi publikasi peneliti-peneliti dan pejuang Jamu Indonesia terus kami harapkan untuk dapat disampaikan di dalam Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ini. Peningkatan kontribusi jumlah dan kualitas tulisan yang telah dan akan dimasukkan akan dapat membantu pengembangan jurnal ini, dan pada saatnya diharapkan juga dapat menjadikan Jurnal Jamu Indonesia menjadi referensi baik secara nasional, maupun internasional.Maret 2021Waras NurcholisWakil Ketua Dewan Redaksi
Pemetaan Bidang Ilmu Pada Skripsi Fakultas Ekologi Manusia Lulusan Tahun 2014-2018 Berdasarkan Standar Universal Decimal Classification
Authors: Ratnaningsih  , Atnah Aat
Published: December 2021

Ekologi manusia adalah studi yang mengkaji interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan. Sebagai bagian dari ekosistem, manusia merupakan makhluk hidup yang ekologik dominan. Kajian sosial akan penyebaran manusia dalam tata wilayah dipelajari dalam konteks ekologi manusia. Ekologi manusia menekankan penyebaran manusia dan variable sosialnya dalam tata ruang, sehingga kajiannya berkaitan dengan geografi. Saat ini semua kajian berkaitan dengan ekologi manusia, yaitu biologi, antropologi, ekonomi, teknologi, psikologi, hukum, pertanian, pendidikan, kesehatan masyarakat, filsafat, agama dan lain-lain.

Untuk mengetahui sebaran topik peminatan di bidang ekologi manusia maka dilakukan kajian. Kajian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Data yang dikaji semua berasal dari skripsi mahasiswa lulusan tahun 2014 – 2018 (lima tahun).  Selanjutnya data dikelompokan disesuaikan dengan pengelompokan bidang ilmu dengan standar Universal Decimal Classification. Tabel yang dihasilkan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil yang diharapkan dapat diketahui sebaran topik penelitian di bidang ekologi manusia, membuat pemetaan bidang ilmu berdasarkan hasil penelitian mahasiswa Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, serta nenghasilkan rekomendasi kepada pimpinan agar dapat mengarahkan mahasiswa untuk meneliti bidang bidang yang belum pernah diteliti
Management and outcome of spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yao Christian Hugues DOKPONOU  , Adil BELHACHMI  , Fernand Nathan IMOUMBY  , Alngar DJIMRABEYE  , Brahim El MOSTARCHID  , GAZZAZ Miloud
Published: December 2021

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas are rare and potentially disabling neurological emergencies. Its lead to devastating neurologic outcomes and most patient does not recover completely. The clinical presentation is diverse and includes a severe acute attack, radiating pain at the back, interscapular, or neurological deficits. We report a case of a young woman, 24-year-old, that was admitted to our department for sudden non-traumatic cervical spinal cord compression syndrome (Type A of the American Spinal Cord Injury Association “ASIA A”) including intense cervical back pain, sensory loss, and tetraplegia. Her past medical history was unremarkable. The MRI confirmed a cervical mass responsible for the spinal cord compression and the emergent surgical intervention allow us to evacuate acute C3-C7 hematoma. The patient never recovers from the neurologic deficit despite the emergent management of her case followed by functional musculoskeletal rehabilitation for two years.
Automatically identify COVID-19 and Pneumonia patients using Deep learning in Chest X-rays image
Authors: Haris Uddin Sharif  , Shaamim Udding Ahmed
Published: December 2021

At the end of 2019, a new kind of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) suffered worldwide and has become the pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19). The outbreak of this virus let to crisis around the world and kills millions of people globally. On March 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) declared it as pandemic disease. The first symptom of this virus is identical to flue and it destroys the human respiratory system. For the identification of this disease, the first key step is the screening of infected patients. The easiest and most popular approach for screening of the COVID-19 patients is chest X-ray images. In this study, our aim to automatically identify the COVID-19 and Pneumonia patients by the X-ray image of infected patient. To identify COVID19 and Pneumonia disease, the convolution Neural Network was training on publicly available dataset on GitHub and Kaggle. The model showed the 98% and 96% training accuracy for three and four classes respectively. The accuracy scores showed the robustness of both model and efficiently deployment for identification of COVID-19 patients.
COVID-19 infection complicated by priapism
Authors: Ilyass Laaribi  , Mehran Monchi
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 infections are accompanied by a high incidence of thromboembolic events. The infection is responsible for endothelial injury, with frequent presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies and a pro thrombotic state. All of these manifestations lead to localized thrombosis mainly in the lungs and much more rarely to arterial thrombosis. We report the case of a 67-year-old patient who presented to the emergency room for priapism complicating a Covid-19 infection.
Formation of an Expanded Criteria Base to Manage the Effectiveness of the Most Important Elements of Advanced Space Systems for Monitoring the Earth’s Gravitational Field
Authors:   Maksimov Research and Development Institute of Space Systems (NII KS) — a branch of Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, Azarenko L. G.
Published: December 2021

The article considers approaches to the formation of a criteria base to evaluate the effectiveness of the design of advanced space systems on the example of space systems for monitoring the Earth’s gravitational field. The main requirements for creating a criteria base are formulated. The definition of the criterion and generalized criterion of efficiency in relation to the elements of advanced space systems is given. General and specific criteria for the effectiveness of advanced space systems are considered depending on the purpose of a particular system (defense, civil, and multi-purpose).
Context and Pragmatics
Authors:   Shanxi University, China, Jiangli Su
Published: December 2021

By exploring the faces of context from the perspective of components, knowledge and cognition, this article concludes that context is at the core of pragmatic studies, which examines how context contributes to meaning and pragmatics will gain momentum when linguists and non-linguists tap into the field of context.
Ô nhiễm nhựa đại dương và Covid-19
Authors: Uyen Do Thi Hong , Linh Nguyen Diep , Hien Nguyen Thi Thu
Published: December 2021

Bài viết nói về ô nhiễm nhựa đại dương và tác động của đại dịch Covid-19 đến vấn đề này
Identifying Potential Barriers and Solutions to Patient Partner Compensation (Payment) in Research
Authors: Richards Dawn P. , Cobey Kelly Denise , Proulx Laurie , Dawson Shoba , de Wit Maarten , April Karine Toupin
Published: December 2021

Research that engages patients on the research team is often supported by grant funding from different organizations and, in some cases, principal investigators (who control the grant funding) provide patient partners with compensation (or payment) for their contributions. However, we have noted a gap in resources that identify and address barriers to compensating patient partners. In this paper, we present thoughts and experiences related to barriers to compensating patient partners with the goal of helping individuals identify and find solutions to these obstacles.Based on our experiences as individuals who live with chronic conditions and are patient partners, and those who are researchers who engage patient partners, we have identified eight barriers to compensating patient partners. We discuss each of these barriers: lack of awareness about patient partnership, institutional inflexibility, policy guidance from funders, compensation not prioritized in research budgets, leadership hesitancy to create a new system, culture of research teams, preconceived beliefs about the skills and abilities of patient partners, and expectations placed on patient partners. We demonstrate these barriers with real life examples and we offer some solutions. To further demonstrate these barriers, we ask readers to reflect on some scenarios that present realistic parallel situations to those that patient partners face. The intention is to illustrate, through empathy or putting yourself in someone else’s shoes, how we might all do better with respect to institutional barriers related to patient partner compensation. Last, we issue a call to action to share resources and identify actions to overcome these barriers so we can create a resource hub.
Promises and Pitfalls of Social Media Data Donations
Authors: van Driel Irene Ingeborg , Giachanou Anastasia , Pouwels J. Loes , Boeschoten Laura , Beyens Ine , Valkenburg Patti M.
Published: December 2021

Studies into the association of social media use with mental health are largely based on measures of time spent on social media. The small and inconsistent results in these studies may be due to a lack of explanatory power of time-based measures. Data Download Packages (DDPs), the archives of social media platforms that each user is allowed to download, provide a new and promising method to collect content-based information about social media use. In this study, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of DDPs based on an exploratory analysis of 110 Instagram DDPs gathered from 102 adolescents. DDPs provide tremendous opportunities to get insight in the frequency, range, and content of social media activities, from browsing to searching and posting. Yet, the method is also complex and laborious and demands numerous procedural and analytical choices and decisions. Moreover, due to several factors unique to social media interactions, automated content analysis may be challenging. We successively discuss the challenges and opportunities of collecting and analyzing DDPs to help future researchers in their consideration of whether and how to use DDPs.
Positive Thinking Schools: Projects From Teachers
Authors: Gür Çağla , Özbiler Şerife , Eser Başak , Göksu Hüseyin , Karasalih Şahin
Published: December 2021

This study was carried out within the scope of the Art of Happiness, Positive Thinking, and Subjective Well-Being Project. Within the scope of the project, 8-session pre-training was provided to teachers to inform them on the scope of positive thinking and in order to support their subjective well-being. Within the scope of positive thinking applications at schools, which formed the second stage of the project, teachers developed and applied their own projects at their schools. In the study, teachers' views on the scope of the projects they applied at schools and the project application process were analyzed. As the study design, the case study design was applied. The study group consisted of 28 voluntary teachers who received positive thinking training in the first stage of the project and were entitled to get a certificate of achievement. Within the scope of the study, teachers planned their projects and reported on the process. In addition, they kept researcher diaries regarding their applications and noted down their observations. In the research process, 28 teachers at 15 different schools developed and applied 17 different projects. The teachers' views were analyzed in the context of interviews, reports, and diaries. In the study, teachers' observations and evaluations regarding positive thinking education realized in the COVID-19 process were discussed.
SOSIOANTROPOLOGI GIZI DAN KESEHATAN_ST FATANA SURAHMAN
Authors: St fatana surahman
Published: December 2021

Gizi adalah suatu proses penggunaan makanan yang dikonsumsi melalui proses digesti,absorbsi, transportasi, penyimpanan, metabolisme dan pengeluaran zat-zat yang tidak digunakan untuk mempertahankan kehidupan. Pola asuh ibu memiliki peran dalam kejadian stunting pada balita karena asupan makanan pada balita sepenuhnya diatur oleh ibunya. Ibu dengan pola asuh baik akan cenderung memiliki balita dengan status gizi yang lebih baik daripada ibu dengan pola asuh yang kurang.Beberapa budaya yang terkait dengan masalah kesehatan (perawatan anak gizi kurang), tradisi perempuan madura khususnya di daerah pedesaan menikah usia muda, kebiasaan ini didasarkan adanya ikatan pertunangan bagi anak perempuan yang sudah memasuki usia menstruasi.
Motivasi & Kepemimpinan
Authors: Adelia
Published: December 2021

Kepemimpinan dan motivasi merupakan dua hal yang berbeda, meski memiliki tautan dalam konteks kerja dan interaksi antar-manusia organisasional. Keith Davis mengemukakan bahwa tanpa kepemimpinan, organisasi hanya merupakan kelompok manusia yang kacau, tidak teratur, dan tidak akan dapat melahirkan perilaku bertujuan. Kepemimpinan adalah faktor manusiawi yang mengikat suatu kelompok bersama dan memberinya motivasi menuju tujuan-tujuan tertentu, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Ini berarti antara kepemimpinan dengan motivasi memiliki ikatan yang kuat.
Integrated Dental Health Monitoring using Smart Tooth Brush and Application
Authors: Salikun  , Supriyana  , Suwarsono  , Kusmana Aan , Setiadi Yuwono
Published: December 2021

Dental and oral health is the main need of people, including to children. Since, about 60 – 90% of children are suffering from dental caries. The prevention of dental caries is an important part of conducting. The digitalization era has influenced the dental and oral health education. Tooth brushing is one way to keep dental and oral health. However, the proper tooth brushing has not been achieved by children. Our objective is to conduct dental and oral health programs for children by creating a smart tooth brush named TOMON (Tooth Monster Hunter) and an application of monitoring named SIMOGI (Sistem Monitoring Kesehatan Gigi / Dental Health Monitoring System). We undertook this study by planning the monitoring system. The monitoring system is divided into three parties: dental therapist, parent and children. Dental therapists and parents are collaborated to handle and educate children about proper tooth brushing. Second, is the analysis of the requirement. The analysis stage consists of application program content. The last is the prototyping stage. In the prototyping stage, the smart toothbrush TOMON and application SIMOGI were made. The results of the research are the smart toothbrush TOMON and SIMOGI application can be used for health promotion for the children.
The Coach-Athlete Relationship and School Experience as the Determinant of Sports-Specific Life Satisfaction
Authors: Somoğlu Mustafa Barış , YAZICI Ömer Faruk
Published: December 2021

The present study is aimed at determining coach athlete relationships, perceived school experiences and sports life satisfaction levels of athlete high school students and to examine the levels based on certain variables. The sample of the research consisted of a total of 306 students, 117 (38.2%) male and 189 (61.8%) female, who continued their education at different high schools in Trabzon in the 2019-2020. "Personal Information Form" designed by the researcher, “The Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q),” “The Sport-Specific Satisfaction with Life Scale (SSWLS)” and “Perceived School Experiences Scale (PSES)” were used as data collection tools in the research. In the statistical method of the study, descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation tests and regression tests were used. In the research findings, while there was a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the coach-athlete relationship and sportive life satisfaction according to gender, no significant difference was found in the perceived school experiences. A significant difference was found in all scales and sub-dimensions according to the status of playing in the school team. As a result, a high level of positive correlation was found between the coach-athlete relationship and sportive life satisfaction, and between perceived school experiences and sportive life satisfaction. In addition, another important result is that the coach-athlete relationship (51%) and school experiences (32%) have important roles in predicting the satisfaction with sportive life.
Going outdoors, neighbourhood satisfaction and mental health and wellbeing during a COVID-19 lockdown: A fixed-effects analysis
Authors: Stock Sarah , Bu Feifei , Fancourt Daisy , Mak Hei Wan
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic led to national lockdowns in countries around the world. Whilst lockdowns were shown to be effective in reducing the spread of disease, they were also associated with adverse effects on people’s mental health and wellbeing. Previous studies have suggested that time spent outside may have played a role in mitigating these negative effects, but research on this topic remains limited. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the longitudinal associations between going outdoors and people’s mental health and wellbeing during the first national lockdown (March-May 2020) in the UK. Data from 35,301 participants from the COVID-19 Social Study were analysed. Fixed effects regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between changes in going outdoors (the number of days spent outside) and changes in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, life satisfaction and loneliness. A range of household and neighbourhood moderators were examined. Results show that an increase in the number of days spent outside was associated with decreases in depressive and anxiety symptoms and an increase in life satisfaction. No longitudinal association was found with loneliness. Further analysis revealed some moderating effects of household and neighbourhood factors, including living arrangement, perceived walkability satisfaction, and satisfaction with green space/park within neighbourhood. Overall, our analyses showed a positive association between going outdoors and improved mental health and wellbeing during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK. Associations were more salient amongst people living with others, and those with greater satisfaction with their neighbourhood walkability and green spaces. These findings are important for formulating guidance for people to stay well at home during pandemics and for the on-going nature-based social prescribing scheme.
Reducing Anhedonia in Major Depressive Disorder with Future Event Specificity Training (FEST): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hallford David John , Rusanov Danielle , Yeow Joseph , Austin David W. , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Raes Filip
Published: December 2021

Objective: Improving future thinking may be one means to reduce anhedonia, particularly in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in which future thinking is impaired. The current study therefore examined whether enhancing future thinking is a viable method of reducing anhedonia in MDD. Methods: Participants (N=177; 80.8% women; M age=43.7, SD=11.8) with a current depressive episode including anhedonia and high symptom severity were randomized to a Future Event Specificity Training (FEST) program or wait-list control. Future thinking characteristics, anhedonia-related variables, and other clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, one- and three-month follow-up. Results: The FEST group showed significantly improved future thinking characteristics compared to the control group, as expected. Relative to the control group, FEST was also associated with a reduced likelihood of anhedonia (35.1% vs 61.1%, p = .015), improvements on other anhedonia-related variables such as anticipatory (d = 0.63, p = .004) and anticipated pleasure (d = 0.77, p < .001), and desirable clinical outcomes such as less people meeting criteria for MDD (37.8% vs 64.8%, p = .011), lower symptom severity (d = 0.41, p = .048), higher behavioural activation (d = 0.71, p = .001) and improved global functioning (d = 0.52, p = .017). Changes in future thinking characteristics were found to mediate the effect of FEST on anhedonia.Conclusions: Future thinking can be enhanced in MDD, and this leads to a substantially reduced likelihood of anhedonia, other significant clinical effects and functional gains. Future research might examine FEST’s effects on other diagnostic groups with anhedonia and the utility of FEST as an adjunct to other treatments.
The presence of irrelevant alternatives paradoxically increases confidence in perceptual decisions
Authors: Comay Nicolás A. , Della Bella Gabriel , Lamberti Pedro , Sigman Mariano , Solovey Guillermo , Barttfeld Pablo
Published: December 2021

Confidence in perceptual decisions is thought to reflect the probability of being correct. According to this view, confidence should be unaffected or minimally reduced by the presence of irrelevant alternatives. To test this prediction, we designed five experiments. In Experiment 1, participants had to identify the largest geometrical shape among two or three alternatives. In the three-alternative condition, one of the shapes was much smaller than the other two, being a clearly incorrect option. Counter-intuitively, confidence was higher when the irrelevant alternative was present, evidencing that confidence construction is more complex than previously thought. Four computational models were tested, only one of them accounting for the results. This model predicts that confidence increases monotonically with the number of irrelevant alternatives, a prediction we tested in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, we evaluated whether this effect replicated in a categorical task, but we did not find supporting evidence. Experiments 4 and 5 allowed us to discard stimuli presentation time as a factor driving the effect. Our findings suggest that confidence models cannot ignore the effect of multiple, possibly irrelevant alternatives to build a thorough understanding of confidence.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s development within the Greater Eurasian Partnership – Russian viewpoint
Authors: Kulintsev Yury V.
Published: December 2021

The author analyses new directions of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), examines the geopolitical reasons of their emergence, and identifies the role and place of the Organisation in the framework of the Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP).The author also presents the Development Strategy of the SCO until 2025 and identifies the areas of common interests with the GEP’s development ideas, which are focused on the economic and trade-related measures along with the issues of political interaction and cooperation in the field of social security. In conclusion the author claims, that SCO countries are acting as “drivers” of regional development and making a concerted effort to create the necessary conditions for ensuring sustainable social and economic development. The new development directions of the SCO demonstrate that the Organisation is able to adapt to new conditions of the changing world, while its participation in new formats of interaction is in demand among the countries of the Eurasian continent
Discussion paper on the European Administrative Space – Hungarian viewpoint
Authors: Torma András , Ritó Evelin
Published: December 2021

The EU Member States are characterised by long and varied institutional history, with different trajectories in their evolution. There is a complex system of relations between the institutions of the European Union and the authorities of the Member States, which are called as the European Administrative Space. This is a multidimensional concept, and it promotes intensive cooperation between administrative actors, and their activities from each level. The European Administrative Space is the area, in which increasingly integrated administrations jointly exercise power delegated to the EU in a system of shared sovereignty. This article explores the reasons for and the consequences of this development.
Counseling in the Already, Not Yet
Authors: French Haley
Published: December 2021

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this article reflects on the work of the Christian counselor through an eschatological lens, specifically exploring the notion of what it means to counsel in the “already, not yet.” The counseling process is presented as a place in which the dialectics of this eschatological tension are present and outworked. Pain and suffering are encountered and explored as the counselor stands in solidarity with the sufferer, and yet the Christian counselor also anticipates hope and the power of change in the present, particularly as ushered in by the eschatological Spirit of God. To this end, the author explores three practices, as undertaken by the counselor, that demonstrate a sensitivity and ability to minister effectively in the tension of the already, not yet—companioning, lament, and re-storying.
Kedudukan Kepala Desa Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 Jo Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pindana Korupsi
Authors: Syahban  , Hotma P. Sibuea  , Saimima Ika Dewi Sartika
Published: December 2021

Kedudukan Kepala Desa sebagai subjek hukum dalam undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 199 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang tindak pidana korupsi tidak ditemukan. Dalam undang-undang tersebut subjek hukum diatur dalam Pasal 1, meliputi, korporasi, penyelenggara negara, pegawai negeri sipil dan orang perseorangan. Kekosongan hukum dalam undang-undang tindak pidana korupsi tentu menjadi persoalan, jika kepala desa berbenturan dengan Pasal 5, 11, 12 dan 12 B. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah tentang; Kepala Desa memiliki status hukum sebagai pegawai negeri sipil atau penyelenggara negara. Status hukum Kepala Desa yang ideal dalam konteks undang-undang tindak pidana korupsi? Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Meneliti apakah kepala desa dapat dikategorikan sebagai pegawai negeri atau penyelenggara negara seperti dimaksud dalam  undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Kedua, untuk mengetahui status hukum yang ideal kepala desa dalam undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasana tindak pidana korupsi. Metode penelitian yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metoda penelitian yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut. Pertama, kedudukan Kepala Desa tidak dapat dikategorikan memiliki status hukum Pegawai Negeri atau Penyelenggara Negara seperti dimaksud  dalam undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi. Kedua, status hukum kepala desa yang ideal dalam hubungannya dengan undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi adalah sebagai penyelenggara negara. Saran yang dapat disampaikan sebagai berikut. Pertama, undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi tidak menjelaskan kedudukan hukum kepala desa, apakah  sebagai pegawai negeri atau penyelenggara negara. Maka, untuk mempertegas kedudukan hukum kepala desa tersebut perlu dilakukan revisi atau perubahan. Kedua, dalam revisi atau perubahan undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 jo undang-undang nomor 20 tahun 2001 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi perlu ditambah atau disisipkan satu ayat yang mengatur status kedudukan hukum kepala desa, yaitu sebagai penyelenggara negara.
International mobility and publication activity of early-career-researchers: What do statistics, bibliometrics and scientists themselves say?
Authors:   National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Nefedova A.I. , Volkova G.L. ,   National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Dyachenko E.L. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Kotsemir M.N. ,   National Research University – Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia, Spirina M.O. ,   AplusA, Leon, France
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of a research project on the international mobility of the young Russian scientists. This study is focused on the impact of education or work experience abroad on their future scientific careers, namely their publication activity. The project attempts to consider academic mobility not from the traditional point of view of “brain drain”, but from the perspective of “brain circulation” which sees mobility as a mechanism for the transfer of knowledge and a valuable source of innovation as well as a necessary element of training and development of human resources in science. The participation of the young Russian researchers in international mobility was shown with the help of data from several nationally representative sociological surveys. The original feature of this project consists is combining two different methodological approaches: both objective and subjective assessments were brought together in order to evaluate the impact of international mobility on the future publication activity of young researchers. The case study of one large Russian university was examined: a unique database combining both biographical data (open information from CV and publication activity indicators (data from Scopus)) of employees of this university was collected. In addition, the in-depth interviews were conducted to complement the analysis. According to the study, the involvement of young Russian scientists in international academic mobility over the past years has been low in comparison with other countries participating in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A positive relationship between the international mobility and scientific productivity of Russian scientists was revealed. As was shown, young researchers involved in international mobility not only publish more scientific article on average, but their papers are in fact published in higher ranking journals and are cited more often. Based on the materials of in-depth interviews, the specific mechanisms pushing a young researchers to upgrade their publication activity after or during their academic mobility were identified.