bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reply to “Comment on ‘The 373 B.C. Helike (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) Earthquake and Tsunami, Revisited’ by ” by Dora Katsonopoulou and Ioannis Koukouvelas
Authors: Stiros Stathis C.
Published: April 2022

This reply is a response to a comment criticizing a recent article proposing a new scenario for the 373 B.C. earthquake, derived from ancient texts. This earthquake and a following tsunami are reported to have destroyed Helike and Boura, two ancient Greek towns, which then were found submerged into the Gulf of Corinth, punished by Poseidon, an ancient Greek god. The comment contested the new scenario that these ancient texts reflect a later legend, of Roman times. The comment is unsubstantiated, because (1) ruins of the two towns, invisible till recently, have been found in archaeological excavations, without any signs of a marine regression, while no significant marine regression is derived from sedimentological data; (2) Helike and Boura were town–states consisting of smaller villages, located at elevations above 20 and 500 m, respectively, and their subsidence into the sea was impossible; (3) ancient authors writing shortly after 373 B.C. ignore the loss of Helike and Boura; and (4) ancient texts reporting the loss are much later, of Roman times (>200 yr after 373 B.C.), and they reflect a local legend and manipulated or forged ancient texts, for example by pseudo-Aristotle. The scenario proposed in Seismological Research Letters represents the only realistic explanation for the ancient texts referring to the 373 B.C. earthquake.
Enacting Relationality: Remembering the Land in Land Acknowledgments
Authors: Beckmann Sydney , Wilson Khrystyne
Published: April 2022

Recently, as performing land acknowledgments within activist and academic communities grows in popularity, scholars are beginning to critically engage with their purpose and production. While the development of these discussions in university settings demonstrates a beneficial turn toward working with and interest in Indigenous communities, as well as the academy’s recognition of its complicity in ongoing settler colonization, it is important to reflect on these practices now, at this moment. Exploring recent critiques of land acknowledgments, we demonstrate that contemporary land acknowledgments maintain Western conceptions of land by focusing on the people as if they are divorced from it. This article argues, utilizing the peoplehood matrix, that land and people are inexorably linked in Indigenous ontologies, in an equal relationship, yet the form of current land acknowledgments often separates the people from their land in conformity with Western ideas of land ownership and history. We maintain that it is crucial in creating and performing land acknowledgments to remember the relationality between Indigenous peoples and the land.
En búsqueda de acuerdos sobre los fines pedagógicos que han de regir en la Educación Física
Authors: Hortigüela-Alcalá David , Pérez-Pueyo Ángel , Hernando-Garijo Alejandra
Published: April 2022

Actualmente son numerosos los desacuerdos en torno a la enseñanza de la Educación Física (EF), incluso hacia sus intenciones, finalidades y funciones. Esta variedad de enfoques, en muchos casos opuestos, se agudiza notoriamente por la influencia de las redes sociales. La búsqueda del “like” y el halago inmediato deriva en un reduccionismo de la materia, más mediatizado por la ocurrencia de la actividad concreta que por la evidencia científica. Esto, junto a otros factores, limita que la asignatura goce del prestigio social y curricular que merece. El objetivo del presente artículo es intentar arrojar luz sobre los principios fundamentales que han de estructurar la enseñanza de la EF. A través de la revisión de la literatura, se presentan diez elementos clave: 1.- Plantear propuestas con coherencia pedagógica; 2.  - Crear una identidad corporal dentro de la cultura de la actividad física y el deporte; 3.- Generar un clima social positivo en el aula; 4.- Trabajar la inclusión y romper estereotipos; 5.- Utilizar los modelos pedagógicos; 6.- Aplicar la evaluación formativa y compartida; 7.- Evidenciar el aprendizaje generado; 8.- Fomentar la autorregulación; 9.- Promover la transferibilidad del aprendizaje; 10.- Conocer/transformar el entorno y el servicio a la comunidad. El texto, sin ninguna pretensión de sentar cátedra, busca la reflexión pausada y profunda del profesorado de EF, un colectivo de gran dinamismo, potente y con infinidad de posibilidades para conseguir que la asignatura siga creciendo y evolucionando.
Water Quality Assessment of Some Fish Landing Sites of Beki River, of Barpeta, Assam, India
Authors:   the Barnagar college, Barpeta, Assam, India, Goswami Pallabi , Singha Siddhartha
Published: April 2022

Water quality monitoring and assessment has become a critical issue because it affects human and aquatic life. In recent years Beki River of Assam, India have encountered serious threats which includes sand mining, use of fertilizers on the river banks, uncontrolled fishing that have altered the water quality of the river specially in the fish landing sites. These have caused significant reduction in abundance of the fresh water fishes in the region. This study identifies the parameters that are responsible for decreasing the water quality in the six fish landing sites of the river. The study shows low pH of the river water indicating its acidity nature. Decrease in Dissolved oxygen (DO) during the monsoon in Dumnigh at, Sapakama and Madulijar suggested poor quality of water indicating the slow rate of photosynthesis by phytoplankton present in the Beki River. The concentration of Iron in Gobardhana, Sapakama and Dumnigh at during post monsoon was higher than the maximum limit of 0.3 mg/l. Concentration of nitrate was found to be higher than the limit of 45 mg/l in all the landing sites except for Gobardhana due to application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers in the agricultural farm in the river bank. Concentration of manganese, arsenic and lead was found to be higher than the maximum limit in the fish landing sites. The spatial variations of the major ions reflects the influence of various anthropogenic and lithology’s activities in the river system.
Comparing the Effects of SPOC and Face-to-Face Courses and Factors Influencing the Effects
Authors:   the Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China, Han Jining , Shi Jiayi
Published: April 2022

Distance education has been widely used in universities due to the outbreak of Covid-19. SPOCs (Small Private Online Courses) have high enrollment and completion rates in higher education due to their ability to provide students with personalized deep learning. This study aims to investigate the learning effect of SPOCs and further explores the reasons that affect its effectiveness. The study found that: a) there is a certain difference in the learning effect between SPOCs and face-to-face courses; b) the learning effect in SPOCs can be effectively improved by enhancing the interest in learning, and c) the teacher’s internal and external assistance can significantly improve the learning effect. The study suggested that the “Hard-Pure” SPOCs needs more detailed course design, enhancing students’ motivations and learning interests in SPOC courses, and strengthening teachers’ assistance to students in and out of class.
Cross-sectional study to analyse the pattern of smartphone usage among adolescents in urban slum of a metropolitan city
Authors: Qureshi Kamran , Thore Pooja , Rajan Sneha
Published: April 2022

Background: Adolescents are defined as young people between the ages of 10 to 19 years. Smartphone is a term used to distinguish mobile phone with advanced features from basic feature phones. Modern smartphones currently include all the features of a laptop, including web browsing, Wi-Fi and 3rd-party apps etc. Indian teens are currently driving the smartphone market in India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in an urban slum of a metropolitan city.100 adolescents aged between 10 to 19 years were assessed using pre-structured questionnaire and prior informed parental consent and assent were taken. The questionnaire included questions about socio-demographic profile and questions pertaining to the use of smartphones in relation to time and frequency and regarding use of internet and games on the phone by the adolescents.Results: Among the 100 participants, mean age was 14.29 years. 93% of the participants were using smartphones, 48.4% were using smartphones since 1 to 3 years and 46.2% used phones between 1 to 3 hours daily. 96.7% used internet on the phone, 72.04% participants have social media accounts and 64.5% played games on phones. The most relevant smartphone function was social networking.Conclusions: Results show increasing dependency of adolescents on smartphones. Although smartphones offer several conveniences in our life, we need to be aware of the negative effects of smartphone use, the most concerning aspect being smartphone addiction.
Menstrual synchrony-a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study among girls living in a hostel
Authors: Britto D. Rock , Karthikeyan K. , Rizvana A. M. Shagirunisha , Andrea Daphy , Bruntha R. , Chithruba K. S.
Published: April 2022

Background: Menstrual synchrony is also known as the Mc Clintock effect when a person who attained menarche come in physical contact with another person who menstruates, the pheromones influence each other so that eventually, the monthly cycles lineup. To assess the synchrony (frequency of coincidence) of menstrual cycles among hostel girls.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 121 hostel girls in Tamil Nadu during February 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data participant’s age, synchronization of the menstrual cycle, the experience of synchrony common among roommates /friends other than roommates, regularity of periods, number of days of bleeding, intake of pills to delay/regularize periods, coinciding symptoms during menses. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel and analysed using SPSS version 16 software. The descriptive analysis was analysed using frequencies, mean, standard deviation and proportions.Results: Among 121 hostel girls, the mean (SD) age was 20.20 (1.31) years. The 86 (71.1%) girls get their menses during the same time. The 58.7% experience synchrony more common among roommates whereas 41.3% experience it with friends other than roommates.Conclusions: High proportion of the participants reported menstrual synchrony among them. Future research is needed to prove these hypotheses under the influence of pheromones. This paves the way to study the role of pheromones in other physiological mechanisms.
Cooperación público-privada para la exportación de limones desde Argentina y cítricos desde Uruguay
Authors: Bisang Roberto , Lachman Jeremías , López Andrés , Pereyra Martin , Tacsir Ezequiel
Published: April 2022

El cluster de limones en Argentina y de cítricos en Uruguay ilustra dos casos de cómo la coordinación entre los privados y la cooperación de estos con el sector público son centrales para la inserción exitosa en las cadenas globales de valor. Los mercados internacionales agroalimentarios, cada vez más segmentados en materia de calidad y con exigencias constantemente renovadas en aspectos de sanidad vegetal e inocuidad, requieren la implementación de sistemas de trazabilidad confiables y de certificaciones de buenas prácticas. Esta situación demanda la alineación de diversos actores detrás de un interés común incluyendo a las empresas privadas, los organismos de sanidad vegetal, instituciones de ciencia y tecnología, entre otros. Los clusters acá estudiados ejemplifican cómo estos desafíos pueden ser alcanzados. A su vez, estos logros no solo se tradujeron en oportunidades de exportación, generación de empleo, atracción a la inversión extranjera directa (o apertura de filiales en otros países por parte de una de las empresas locales), sino que también la posibilidad a pequeños productores a apalancarse en estas sinergias y crecer. Tanto en el caso argentino como uruguayo se presentan casos de grupos de pequeños productores que pudieron conformar plataformas de exportación de forma asociada y llegar así de forma directa a los exigentes mercados internacionales. Asimismo, se expone el caso de algunos de los mayores players de estos países, así como también la relación establecida por estos con pequeños agricultores proveedores de fruta.
Agtech: startups y nuevas tecnologías digitales para el sector agropecuario: los casos de Argentina y Uruguay
Authors: Bisang Roberto , Lachman Jeremías , López Andrés , Pereyra Martin , Tacsir Ezequiel
Published: April 2022

En la última década el sector agropecuario fue testigo de un incipiente cambio radical a partir de la creciente utilización de tecnologías de base digital. Esta tendencia global se replicó en los casos de Argentina y Uruguay. Además de hacer más eficientes (y en la etapa primaria más amigables con el medio ambiente) las tareas llevadas a cabo en diversos eslabones de la cadena desde la producción a campo, pasando por la industrialización, hasta la comercialización-, este paradigma emergente, usualmente conocido como Agtech, derivó en nuevas oportunidades para el escalamiento/upgrading en cadenas globales de valor. Los startups de este sector suelen utilizar tecnologías disruptivas e.g. Big Data, Inteligencia Artificial, etc.- para brindar sus servicios, los cuales son provistos a través de medios digitales e.g. aplicaciones móviles, páginas web, etc-. En particular, en este trabajo identificamos una serie de emprendimientos de base digital en Argentina y Uruguay que, a partir de las capacidades del equipo fundador y la interacción con otros actores del ecosistema e.g. usuarios, incubadoras y aceleradoras, fondos de inversión y organismos de ciencia y técnica-, encontraron en el sector Agtech importantes oportunidades de expansión, no solo en los mercados locales, sino también en terceros países. Estos espacios de apoyo fueron centrales para que los emprendedores puedan identificar oportunidades de negocio, obtener financiamiento, desarrollar y validar las tecnologías, así como también, en algunos casos, encontrar vías para escalar sus empresas a escala internacional. Por último, en el trabajo identificamos diversos obstáculos que estarían limitando las posibilidades de crecimiento de este sector y, en esta dirección, realizamos una serie de propuestas para el diseño e implementación de políticas públicas.
Encriptación de información mediante procesamiento óptico
Authors: Barrera-Ramírez John Fredy
Published: April 2022

En esta contribución se discuten los avances más significativos en el campo de la encriptación de información mediante procesamiento óptico con énfasis en los adelantos en la reducción y la eliminación del ruido. Se hace la descripción teórica de un sistema de encriptación compacto y se presentan los resultados de su implementación experimental. Además, se demuestra que la inclusión de contenedores de información personalizados permite la protección de la información y su recuperación libre de ruido, evidenciando el potencial del sistema de seguridad compacto. Por último, se presentan las perspectivas en el área de investigación.
Towards Comparison and Real Time Implementation of Path Planning Methods for 2R Planar Manipulator with Obstacles Avoidance
Authors: Muhammed Mustafa Laith , Humaidi Amjad Jaleel , Flaieh Enass Hassan
Published: April 2022

The main requirement of parametric path planning techniques in robot manipulators is to create continuous, smooth, and easy-to-modify path such as to move the end-effector from start point to destination point. To meet these requirements, the rational Bezier and NURBS algorithms have been proposed for path planning of 2R manipulator in environment with known and static obstacles. In this study, a comparison in terms of path length and time consumption of algorithm has been conducted to show the superior of one method to another. Based on numerical simulation, it has been shown that the rational Bezier algorithm generates shorter path and takes less time to complete the path planning task as compared to NURBS method. In addition, this study presented the design of real-time set-up based on Arduino UNO microcontroller and micro-stepping actuators. It has been shown that the experimental results could successfully verify the numerical results for both proposed path planning methods for different configuration of obstacles.
Numerical Investigation of Conjugate Heat Transfer Between Spherical Solid Body and Fluid
Authors: Eleiwi Muhammad Asmail , Rashid Farhan Lafta , Khalaf Abbas Fadhil , Tuama Sohaib Abdulrahman
Published: April 2022

Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) happens often in engineering environments, involving convection as well as conduction in a fluid flow and a rigid body in contact with each other. Although the analytical solutions for the problems of the individual convection and conduction are surprisingly simple, solving the combined conjugate heat transfer problem is much more difficult. The CHT of a fluid (air) flowing past an unbounded sphere is the subject of this research. ANSYS Fluent V.16.0 is employed to solve the governing equations using a finite volume system, assuming axisymmetric, no normal convection, and steady physical properties. Heat is generated at a consistent and uniform rate by the sphere. The results demonstrated that as the air temperature rises, so does the temperature distribution. The temperature distribution will be reduced as the rate of air flow is raised. Also, the distribution of temperature will rise as the sphere heat flux increases. The flow rate distribution will increase as the air flow rate rises. The distribution of pressure will rise as the rate of air flow raises.
The determination of haemagglutinin influenza antibodies in the Polish population in the epidemic season 2020/2021 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Niedzielak Małgorzata , Hallmann Ewelina , Kondratiuk Katarzyna , Szymański Karol , Kolondra Adam , Poznańska Anna , Brydak Lidia
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to prove the level of antibodies against haemagglutinin in the sera of people from seven age groups in the epidemic season 2020/2021 in Poland to determine the differentiation of the antibody level and the protection rate depending on age. The level of anti-haemagglutinin antibodies was established by haemagglutinin inhibition test (HAI). A total of 700 randomly selected sera from people belonging to 7 different age groups were tested. The results confirmed the presence of antibodies against the following influenza antigens: A/Guangdong-Maonan/SWL1536/2019 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)-like virus, B/Washington/02/2019 (B/Victoria lineage)-like virus and B/Phuket/3073/2013 (B/Yamagata lineage)-like virus. The level of haemagglutinin antibodies varied between the studied age groups, with the highest values in the 5–9 age group and the lowest in the 0–4 age group. It was also proven that the protection rate was the highest for the A/Hong Kong/2671/2019(H3N2)-like virus antigen, which exceeded the protection level in the 5 age groups. Considering the very low percentage of people vaccinated in the epidemic season 2020/2021 in Poland, which amounted to only 6.1%, the results should be interpreted as the immune system’s response to an infection with influenza virus.
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
Authors: Albert Richard , Zaiden Benvindo Juliano , Jiménez Ramírez Milton César , Villalonga Cristian
Published: April 2022

Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications.
Estado Abierto en México y uso de sistemas tecnológicos para la lucha contra la corrupción
Authors: Moyado Flores Socorro
Published: April 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es contribuir a la discusión sobre la conformación de un Estado abierto digital, promovido en México durante las últimas décadas, a través de la regulación de la transparencia, el derecho de acceso a la información pública y los controles anticorrupción. Este análisis cualitativo, descriptivo y documental permite comprender los alcances de los principales cambios legislativos realizados y la Política Nacional Anticorrupción; la importancia de la integración de un Estado Abierto que comprende al gobierno, el parlamento y la justicia abiertos como nuevo paradigma para la lucha contra la corrupción, así como el papel que juegan los sistemas tecnológicos digitales en este proceso. Se argumenta, con información fundamentada, que este entramado institucional y tecnológico desarrollado, es aún insuficiente para avalar la existencia de un Estado Abierto que atienda de forma integral el fenómeno de la corrupción, ya que los actos irregulares continúan manifestándose en los tres poderes.
El tráfico y la trata de personas desde la concepción pluralista del Estado ecuatoriano: especial referencia al pueblo Kichwa Otavalo
Authors: Mila Maldonado Frank Luis , Subía Cabrera Andrea Carolina , Cifuentes Ruiz Danny Gilberto
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo de investigación se basa en un análisis del tráfico y la trata de personas desde la concepción pluralista del Estado ecuatoriano, con especial referencia al pueblo Kichwa Otavalo. En tal sentido, se analizó lo relativo al nuevo régimen constitucional de la movilidad humana, conforme a todos los derechos y principios que enaltecen la dignidad humana en todos los temas de movilidad. De igual manera, se determinaron el alcance jurídico del Estado plurinacional y las distintas manifestaciones de conductas inscritas en los fenómenos del tráfico y la trata de personas en el contexto Kichwa Otavalo. Por último, se abordó la problemática existente en el Estado ecuatoriano respecto de la manifestación de diversas conductas propias de costumbres, prácticas y usos de las diferentes comunidades que erigen el pluralismo jurídico, las cuales se pueden corresponder con conductas de tráfico y trata de personas; sin embargo, desde la óptica pluralista, en las aludidas comunidades dichas conductas son aceptadas, pero no reconocidas como parte de su cultura. En tal sentido, se realiza un análisis de la referida problemática, considerando el tratamiento universal otorgado al tráfico y a la trata de personas como prácticas contrarias a los derechos humanos, si bien conservando la realidad nacional del Estado plurinacional ecuatoriano, desde la óptica de dos casos concretos conocidos tanto por la justicia ordinaria como por la justicia indígena.
Otras miradas sobre los derechos de acceso en asuntos ambientales a partir de los contenidos de la Constitución Ecológica de Colombia
Authors: Vásquez Santamaría Jorge Eduardo , Restrepo Múnera Carolina , Arcila Salazar Beatriz Elena
Published: April 2022

Con una metodología cualitativa, con enfoque histórico hermenéutico y un análisis crítico sobre fuentes de tipo documental que sigue el sendero afirmación ejemplo-conclusión, el artículo aborda varias de las particularidades de los derechos de acceso en asuntos ambientales a la luz de la Constitución Ecológica. Tomando como punto de referencia el principio 10 de la Declaración de Río de Janeiro de 1992, en una primera parte se emprende el reconocimiento de los contenidos y finalidades de los instrumentos internacionales previos y posteriores a la Declaración en los cuales fueron incluidos los derechos de acceso como contenidos para la realización del desarrollo sostenible; reflexión a partir de la cual se examina el posible poder vinculante de esos contenidos bajo la figura del bloque de constitucionalidad. Tomando como escenario de análisis a la Constitución Ecológica, en una segunda parte se sustentan las particularidades que definen a los derechos de acceso en el ordenamiento jurídico, incluyendo el acceso como una potestad jurídica independiente e interdependiente de los derechos a los que se busca acceder; se analizan los desafíos del derecho de acceso a la información, se exponen los altibajos del derecho de acceso a la participación y se presentan los avances del derecho de acceso a la justicia en asuntos ambientales.
Procesy kształtujące przestrzeń turystyczną
Authors: Włodarczyk Bogdan
Published: April 2022

Artykuł jest próbą nazwania i zdefiniowania procesów wpływających na przekształcenia przestrzeni geograficznej i doprowadzających w efekcie do powstania lub zaniku szeroko rozumianej przestrzeni turystycznej. Do procesów tych zaliczono restrukturyzację (w tym modernizację i rewitalizację) oraz degradację. Wszystkie wymienione procesy omówione zostały w kontekście aktualnej fazy rozwoju przestrzeni turystycznej. Nieco więcej uwagi poświęcono degradacji, która dopiero od niedawna postrzegana jest jako proces mogący doprowadzić do powstania przestrzeni będących przedmiotem zainteresowania turystów.
Macrophage cytotoxic activity and its role in the tumor pathogenesis
Authors: Kovaleva Olga V. , Podlesnaya Polina A. , Gratchev Alexei N.
Published: April 2022

Macrophages, natural killers and T cells play the central role in tumor cells destruction. The purpose of this review is to summarize the state-of-the-art perspectives of the interplay between tumor cells and tumor stroma leading both to the formation of a macrophage population incapable of effective antitumor activity and to the selection of tumor cells resistant to macrophage cytotoxicity. Macrophages are highly versatile cells that can both stimulate the inflammatory response (type 1 macrophages, M1) and suppress it (type 2 macrophages, M2). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered the main regulator of the antitumor immune response and usually have anti-inflammatory properties, that is, they belong to M2 type. Tumor cells are able to affect macrophages, "reprogramming" them to perform an immunosuppressive function. In addition, TAMs stimulate angiogenesis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix necessary for metastasis. Recently, more and more studies have been published describing a mixed TAMs phenotype with characteristics of both M2 and M1. M1 is characterized by production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, bactericidal and cytotoxic activity. M1 can destroy tumor cells both directly and indirectly by attracting other cells. Despite the mechanisms of direct cytotoxic activity are quite variable, their effectiveness is largely dependent on the properties of a particular tumor. The cytotoxic activity of macrophages is a powerful factor that inhibits tumor initiation and progression. However, in some cases, it is not sufficient to control the tumor process. Activation of the cytotoxic activity of TAMs is one of the strategies to use macrophages for cancer treatment. Understanding the mechanisms of macrophage cytotoxic activity and specific patterns of its manifestation in a tumor environment is of critical importance for better effectiveness of existing cancer treatments and development of promising methods for tumor immunotherapy.
OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF AUTONOMOUS PHOTO-DIESEL POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH DC BUS
Authors: Лукутин Борис Владимирович , Муравьев Дмитрий Игоревич
Published: April 2022

Link for citation: Lukutin B.V., Muravyev D.I. Optimization of operational control of autonomous photo-diesel power supply system with DC bus. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2022, vol. 333, no. 4, рр. 224-235. In Rus.

The relevance. An increase in the contribution of renewable energy sources to the generation of the autonomous hybrid energy industry is important in order to reduce the environmental impact of diesel generator plants and decrease operating costs in the production of electrical energy in smart microgrids with distributed generation, including so-called «green» generation. This issue has the highest relevance for cell towers of mobile communication, rotational residential camps, meteorological stations and other remote consumers, the rated capacity of which is tens to hundreds of kW. Objective: the development of computer models for optimizing the management of the operational staff and modes of an autonomous photo-diesel power supply system with a DC bus, so as to make it possible to minimize the operating time of a diesel generator plant by increasing the contribution of the photovoltaic plant at optimal technical and economic indicators. The use of a DC bus for the electricity integration from distributed energy sources is considered promising in reducing the number of hours of inefficient operation of a diesel generator plant, which will make it possible to save diesel fuel and extend the life expectancy of the diesel generator. Novelty. This work expands the known options for modeling and optimizing the modes of a standalone hybrid DC power plant in terms of using an objective function with appropriate restrictions, adapting models of power equipment for the intended purposes of modeling, presenting the structure of a feasibility study based on commercially available characteristics of the elements of the power supply system. Methods. The study entails the development of computer models of the intelligent control architecture of a standalone hybrid power plant including a photovoltaic plant, a diesel generator plant, an electric energy storage system, a remote consumer, as well as auxiliary converter devices. Modeling of control processes is implemented in the Stateflow library, as well as by using the language syntax of the Matlab high-level package, the capabilities of which are acceptable for the intended purposes. Results. The analysis of the results shows that DC PV-diesel power supply systems can be cost-effective in all scenarios that include different types of batteries while for systems without power storage, DC distribution is often not cost-effective. The results will be of interest to specialists developing or operating standalone power supply systems and organizations planning to upgrade existing diesel power plants.
Medium-Scale Farming as a Policy Tool for Agricultural Commercialisation and Small-Scale Farms Transformation in Nigeria
Authors: Muyanga Milu , Jayne Thomas S. , Aromolaran Adebayo B. , Liverpool-Tasie Lenis Saweda O. , Adelaja Adesoji , Awokuse Titus , Omotilewa Oluwatoba J. , George Justin , Issa Fadlullah O. , Obayelu Abiodun E.
Published: April 2022

Recent evidence suggests that the changing structure of land ownership in sub-Saharan Africa is one of the major new trends affecting African agri-food systems. Research in several African countries shows a rapid rise of medium-scale farms (MSFs) of 5–50ha. MSFs have become an important force for increasing agricultural production, particularly in countries with significant unutilised arable land and potential for area expansion, such as Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zambia. Most African countries’ national agricultural investment plans and policy strategies officially regard the smallholder farming sector as the main vehicle for achieving agricultural growth, food security, and poverty reduction objectives. However, many governments have adopted land and financial policies that implicitly encourage the rise of emergent MSFs. Given the documented rise in MSFs in many African countries, the APRA Nigeria Work Stream 1 team developed a research agenda focused on understanding the potentially complex ways in which these farms affect the productivity and commercialisation potential of small-scale farms (SSFs). We investigated the characteristics of MSFs, the processes that produces them, their relative importance in the agricultural commercialisation process, the relationship between farm scale and productivity, and whether MSFs influence the behaviour and welfare of the millions of SSF households around them. Our findings are based on two years of survey data on MSFs and nearby SSFs in 2019 and 2021 in Ogun and Kaduna states. This policy brief summarises our main findings, drawing upon several APRA-supported reports.
Viewing the Consumerism of China's Today's Society With Marxist Consumption --- Take Loan Consumption as an Example
Authors: Tian Kuankuan , Zeng Qing
Published: April 2022

Since the second industrial revolution, technological innovation has promoted manufacturing and commodity circulation, as well as social development, leading traditional society into modern development. The social relationship and structure of traditional society are in the high-speed circulation of commodities and currency. Disintegration, the development of industry reframes and stereotypes modern society. However, with the rapid economic development, the relationship between production and consumption in today's society is distorted. Consumerism prevails, and the relationship between production and consumption cannot be balanced, which has become the biggest obstacle to establishing a correct consumption concept in my country. On the basis of expounding Marx's concept of consumption, the article analyzes the causes of consumerism and the ways to resist the concept of overdraft consumption in today's society, in order to promote the optimization of industrial structure and consumption structure.
On the Legal Regulation Dilemma of Network Platform Using Big Data to Infringe Citizens' Privacy——From the Perspective of Big Data Murder
Authors: Lan Junyu , Zhou Xin
Published: April 2022

With the popularization of computers and smart phones, the number of Internet users in China is increasing, and network technology is also developing. The resulting big data and related technologies have brought a series of economic benefits. However, there are some network platforms that only seek profits and ignore business ethics. They use big data to kill users.There are different opinions on the concept of big data in China. However, there is no doubt that the network platform using big data murder seriously violates the privacy of consumers, and causes consumers to suffer property losses, resulting in adverse social impact.Although there are many laws to protect citizens' privacy in our country, there is still a dilemma of legal regulation for the infringement of citizens' privacy by network platform and the use of big data. The reason is that big data as a new technology, the original law inevitably lags behind; moreover, due to its high technical requirements, ordinary citizens have great difficulties in perception and proof of big data familiarity killing due to information asymmetry.
"Hindrance" and "Love" Pay Attention to the Theme Poster Design of Alexithymia
Authors: Ma Yuhan
Published: April 2022

In social life, people's emotional communication lies in communication. Loss of communication ability will make people's emotional indifference, and make more people suffer from the difficulties caused by alexithymia. Aexithymia is characterized by the inability to identify, distinguish, and express certain emotions of oneself or others. The emergence of this disease will affect people's lives. Therefore, through the design of the theme posters, more people can pay attention to alexithymia and call on people to increase emotional communication. So that people can live healthier lives in their social lives.
On the Predicament and Future Reform Path of the Dispute Settlement System of the WTO
Authors: Liu Jiaying
Published: April 2022

The dispute settlement system of the WTO has made great contributions to international trade, but its defects are becoming more and more obvious after practical development. Coupled with the obstruction of some members to the normal operation of the dispute settlement system of the WTO, the Appellate Body is now lockout, and the WTO is in a deep crisis. The emergence of MPIA alleviates this crisis to a certain extent and has certain feasibility at the same time. However, MPIA cannot be used as a long-term solution to the dilemma of the WTO. Therefore, it is still necessary to explore the future reform of the dispute settlement system of the WTO.
The Development of Rationality in Economics
Authors: Lü Rongxia , Hao Fei
Published: April 2022

The concept of rationality first originated from philosophy and later evolved into rationality in economics, and then rationality has been the basic assumption of mainstream economics. With the development of economics and the integration of multiple disciplines, the concept of rationality in economics has been expanded and evolved, and different economic schools have put forward their own concepts of rationality. Classical and neoclassical economics advocate the complete rationality based on the hypothesis of "economic man"; later, behavioral economics and other schools have questioned the complete rationality, and they have proposed bounded rationality or irrationality; in fact, some other scholars have also proposed some other concepts of rationality, such as “evolutionary rationality”, “reasoned scrutiny  rationality”, “cognitive rationality” and so on, which have made the concept of rationality in economics develop continuously. This paper briefly reviews the sources of the concept of rationality, the concept of rationality in traditional economics, the theory of bounded rationality and the other theories of rationality, in order to clarify the abstract concept of rationality.
Consideration on the Path of Non- original Database Rights Protection
Authors: Li Yilong
Published: April 2022

In the current civil and commercial cases involving disputes over the ownership of data, judges tend to use the Anti-unfair Competition Law to regulate and protect the property rights and interests of databases. However, due to the limited scope of adjustment, incomprehensive protection, and other defects of the Anti-unfair Competition Law, the Anti-unfair Competition Law is not sufficient to regulate database rights and interests. In response, the Western countries have adopted special Database Protection Directive which has been transformed into a special protection for databases. There is also a new model of protection under patent laws. In the era of the booming development of big data, the problem of database rights and interests protection urgently needs a more comprehensive legislative solution.
Novel Recurrence Relations for Volumes and Surfaces of N-Balls, Regular N-Simplices, and N-Orthoplices in Integer Dimensions
Authors: Łukaszyk Szymon
Published: April 2022

New recurrence relations for n-balls, regular n-simplices, and n-orthoplices in integer dimensions are submitted. They remove indefiniteness present in known formulas. In negative, integer dimensions volumes of n-balls are zero if n is even, positive if n = -4k - 1, and negative if n = -4k - 3, for natural k. Volumes and surfaces of n-cubes inscribed in n-balls in negative dimensions are complex, wherein for negative, integer dimensions they are associated with integral powers of the imaginary unit. The relations show that the constant of π is absent in 0 and 1 integer dimensions. It is shown that self-dual n-simplices are undefined for n < -1, while n-orthoplices reduce to the empty set for n ≤ -1. Out of three regular, convex polytopes (and n-balls) present in all non-negative dimensions, only n-orthoplices, n-cubes and n-balls are defined in negative dimensions.
An Electro–Microbial Process to Uncouple Food Production from Photosynthesis for Application in Space Exploration
Authors: Bell Philip J.L. , Paras Ferdinand E. , Mandarakas Sophia , Arcenal Psyche , Robinson-Cast Sinead , Grobler Anna S. , Attfield Paul V.
Published: April 2022

Here we propose the concept of an electro–microbial route to uncouple food production from photosynthesis, thereby enabling production of nutritious food in space without the need to grow plant-based crops. In the proposed process, carbon dioxide is fixed into ethanol using either chemical catalysis or microbial carbon fixation, and the ethanol created is used as a carbon source for yeast to synthesize food for human or animal consumption. The process depends upon technologies that can utilize electrical energy to fix carbon into ethanol and uses an optimized strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce high quality, food grade single cell protein using only ethanol, urea, phosphate, and inorganic salts as inputs. Unlike crops using photosynthesis that require months to mature and are challenging to grow under the conditions found in space, the electro–microbial process could generate significant quantities of food on demand with potentially high yields and productivities. In this paper we explore the potential of the proposed process to provide food on demand in space, but it should be noted that this novel approach to food production has many valuable terrestrial applications too. For example, enabling food production in climatically challenged environments including turning deserts into food bowls, or utilizing surplus electricity generated from large-scale renewable power sources.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Annona Genus
Authors: Al Kazman Bassam Salem M. , Hanrahan Jane Rouse
Published: April 2022

In 1789, the Annonaceae family was cataloged by de Jussieu. It encompasses tropical and subtropical plants which are widespread in distribution across various continents such as Asia, South and Central America, Australia and Africa. The genus of Annona is one of the 120 genera of the Annonaceae family and contains more than 119 species of trees and shrubs. The majority of these species are found in tropical America with more than 105 species (26 of them are endemic). Due to its edible fruits and medicinal properties, Annona is the most important genus of Annonaceae family. Despite Annona having many species, only limited species of this family are economically important such as A. squamosa L. (sugar apple), A. cherimola Mill. (Cherimoya), A. muricata L. (guanabana or soursop), A. atemoya Mabb. (atemoya), a hybrid between A. cherimola and A. squamosa, A. reticulata L. (custard apple), A. glabra L. (pond-apple) and A. macroprophyllata Donn. Sm. (ilama). Phytochemically, several classes of secondary metabolites such as acetogenins, essential oils, alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids have been described in this genus. A variety of pharmacological activities have been reported from various parts of Annona species specially leaves and seeds including applications against antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory.
Using Virtual Choreographies to Identify Office Users’ Behaviour-Change Priorities with Greater Impact Potential on Energy Consumption
Authors: Cassola Fernando , Morgado Leonel , Coelho António , Paredes Hugo , Barbosa António , Tavares Helga , Soares Filipe
Published: April 2022

Reducing office buildings’ energy consumption can contribute significantly towards carbon reduction commitments since it represents 10% of total energy consumption. Major components are lighting (40% of consumption), electrical equipment (35%), and heating and central cooling systems (25\%). Occupants’ behaviours impact these energy consumption components, with solid evidence on the role of individual behaviours. In this work, we propose a methodology that uses virtual choreographies to identify and prioritize behaviour-change interventions towards office users based on the potential impact on energy consumption. The data shows that some behaviours with significant consumption have little potential for behavioural change impact, while other behaviours hold substantial potential for lowering energy consumption via behavioural change.
Analytical Time-Dependent Shape Factor for Counter-Current Imbibition in Fractal Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Mei Lan , Wei Wei , Cai Jianchao , Meng Qingbang
Published: April 2022

The fluid exchange behavior for counter-current imbibition in fractured reservoirs can be quantitatively characterized by the transfer function in numerical simulation. The time-dependent shape factor (TDSF) in the transfer function is one of the main factors controlling fluid transport, which directly affects the result of ultimate oil recovery prediction. In practice, fractured reservoirs with different microscopic pore structures often have varied flow laws under the same flow conditions. However, the current TDSFs proposed for counter-current imbibition assume that the microscopic pore structure has no impact on the fluid inter-porosity flow behavior, which is inconsistent with the actual situation. In this work, the fractal theory is used to establish the TDSF of counter-current imbibition, which is related to the microscopic pore structure. First, the analytical solutions of average water saturation and imbibition rate are obtained under different conditions related to the maximum pore diameter and tortuosity fractal dimension of the matrix. The validity of the new analytical solution for strong water-wet and moderate water-wet reservoirs is ascertained by a single-porosity model and experimental data. Subsequently, the proposed analytical solution is applied to the two-phase transfer function to develop the new TDSF for counter-current imbibition, and the sensitivity analysis is carried out. The results demonstrate that the unsteady-state duration of the TDSF is proportional to the characteristic length and tortuosity fractal dimension of the matrix, and it is negatively proportional to the maximum pore diameter of the matrix. The influence of the characteristic length, tortuosity fractal dimension, and maximum pore diameter of the matrix on a constant shape factor (SF) under quasi-steady-state is exactly the opposite. This work provides an enhanced clarification of the fluid exchange behavior of counter-current imbibition in strong water-wet and moderate water-wet fractured reservoirs.