bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child Nutritional Status and Household Patterns in South Africa
Authors:   University of Pretoria, Bomela Nolunkcwe
Published: October 2021

About 25% of all children under 5 years in South Africa are severely malnourished. The objective of this study was to assess the comparative effect of person-related and household characteristics on nutritional status of children <5years old in South Africa before 1994 realization of democracy. A secondary analysis of 4 027 children under 5 years from the 1993 Living Standards and Measurement Survey (LSMS) conducted by the Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit (SALDRU) in South Africa was performed. Only children with plausible Z-scores (n = 4 027) were selected for subsequent analyses. The influence of person-related and household related characteristics on the nutritional status of children were assessed, taking into account variables such as, gender of household head, de jure and de facto household head, relationship of child to household head, size of household, type of toilet facility and type of dwelling. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS/PC + ) was used for the analysis. Chronic malnutrition and underweight were significantly pronounced in children from households with de jure household heads (P<0.05). However, chronic malnutrition was markedly prevalent among children from male- headed households. Thus, the presence of the de facto household head and the gender of the head of the household are important in determining nutrition outcomes. Furthermore, children of the head of the household had better nutritional status (P<0.05) than the grandchildren and other children in the household. Both person related and household related variables were significantly associated with malnutrition, but at varied levels. Household expenditure, particularly on the basic needs of life, is the most frequently used measure of socio-economic status in nutritional analysis studies. Expenditure is considered as precisely representing the household’s reserves that influence the health status of its members. In the absence of variables used for measuring household expenditure proxy variables are used. The proxy variables (type of dwelling, household size, water source, and toilet location) for economic status of households seem to influence nutritional status more directly while the person related variables seem to indirectly influence nutritional status.
​Genetic Diversity for Seed Yield and its Components in Clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub]
Authors: Makwana Hina M. , Patel P.R. , Patel D.G.
Published: October 2021

Background: Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] (2n=2x=14) is an under exploited legume belonging to family fabaceae. Clusterbean is a versatile legume crop cultivated mostly as animal feed, green manure green leaves as fodder, vegetable and cover crop. Clusterbean is a drought resistant, hardy, deep rooted annual legume crop. D2 statistics provides a measure of magnitude for divergence between two genotypes under comparison. For broadening the genetic base of cultivars, the genetic diversity present in cultivated and wild relatives must be explored. Generally, diverse germplasms are expected to give high hybrid vigor and hence, it necessitates studying genetic divergence among the existing varieties and genotypes for the identification of parents for hybridization programme. Methods: The present investigation was undertaken to study genetic variability in clusterbean [Cymopsis tetragonaloba (L.) Taub] with using a set of 40 genotypes at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2019 in randomized block design with four replications. Mahalanobis (1928) D2 statistic was used for assessing the genetic divergence between different populations. Grouping of the genotypes in different clusters was done by using Tocher’s method. The inter-cluster distance was calculated by measuring the distance between clusters I and cluster II, between clusters I and cluster III, between clusters II and cluster III and so on. Likewise, one by one cluster was taken and their distances from other clusters were calculated. Result: The genetic diversity analysis revealed the formation of nine clusters suggested the presence of considerable genetic diversity among the 40 genotypes. The clustering pattern indicated that geographic diversity was not associated with genetic diversity. The analysis of per cent contribution of various characters towards the expression of total genetic divergence indicated that, the number of branches per plant followed by gum content, days to maturity, days to flowering contributed maximum towards total genetic divergence. On the basis of inter cluster distances, cluster IX was found to be more divergent. Therefore, it was concluded that the genotypes belonging to these cluster should be inter crossed in order to generate more variability.
Metode Enhanced Trinomial Pada Aproksimasi Numerik Pada Barrier Options Pricing
Authors: Asnawi Muhammmad Hasan , Aziz Abdul
Published: October 2021

Barrier options pricing sering digunakan dalam jual beli saham karena memiliki harga yang lebih murah dari harga saham plain vanilla option. Dengan menggunakan metode trinomial, didapatkan tiga kemungkinan nilai pergerakan saham yaitu nilai saham naik, turun, dan tetap. Nilai parameter-parameter dari metode trinomial diperoleh dengan menentukan nilai peluang tetapnya . Selanjutnya dicari nilai peluang naik dan turunnya dengan menyamakan ekspektasi diskrit dengan kontinu dan menyamakan variansi diskrit dengan kontinu.Metode enhanced trinomial merupakan metode trinomial yang nilai sahamnya didekati menggunakan nilai upper dan lower barrier dengan rumus enhanced numerical. Sehingga didapatkan nilai opsi saham yang lebih kecil daripada metode trinomial standar. Oleh karena itu, dengan metode enhanced trinomial nilai opsi saham yang lebih cepat konvergen. hal ini dibuktikan dari simulasi yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini
Temas selectos de matemáticas discretas
Authors: Falconi Magaña Francisco
Published: October 2021

Este libro no pretende ser un compendio de nuevos conocimientos matemáticos. Es en realidad una colección de conceptos conocidos en las Matemáticas Discretas, presentados de manera sencilla, con el fin de que los alumnos puedan entenderlos con más facilidad y, al mismo tiempo, revisarlos cuantas veces sea necesario, sin tropezar con los escollos comunes propiciados por el exceso de formalismo matemático, que se puede evitar en muchos casos sin menoscabo del rigor y la precisión.
HISTORIA DE LA ESCUELA DE MEDICINA HUMANA: De sus orígenes a su consolidación
Authors: Priego Álvarez Heberto Romeo
Published: October 2021

Más que una narrativa histórica omnisciente, este libro pretende recuperar evidencias y testimonios a partir de los actos y relaciones sociales que giran en torno a la creación y evolución de la Escuela de Medicina Humana de la actual Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, a 60 años de su fundación. Los testimonios obtenidos de los principales actores (docentes, autoridades, alumnos y administrativos), complementados con la revisión del material bibliohemerográfico existente, constituyen la fuente básica de la información. Las vivencias y sentires de estos personajes son el principal aporte que se pudo obtener y que sin duda, dan al lector la posibilidad de ubicarse en el contexto, recuperando anécdotas y situaciones específicas.
Grandes corporativos de la Fracción Monterrey
Authors: Pérez Sánchez Beatriz
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta obra es conocer la composición y el poder económico así como el papel de las grandes corporaciones de la fracción Monterrey en el crecimiento y desarrollo del capitalismo en México, a través del análisis de las características y estrategias competitivas que les han permitido ser empresas líderes y ubicar la élite empresarial que la comanda.
Guía ambiental de los museos de Tabasco
Authors: Beauregard Solís Graciela
Published: October 2021

Esta guía se propone como una herramienta útil para los profesores de diversas materias en diversos niveles educativos. A partir del concepto de patrimonio cultural y su relación con los museos ofrece una historia y clasificación de los recintos en Tabasco, junto a un panorama general de las culturas prehispánicas y el ambiente del estado. Las actividades que propone se basan en la experiencia docente de los autores y en el modelo pedagógico constructivista. Para su aplicación, se incluyen hojas educativas para el profesor, mismas que pueden ser modificadas y adecuadas, dependiendo de los estilos de aprendizaje y grado académico de los estudiantes. Con el apoyo de este material, entre otras muchas cosas es posible aprovechar los recursos de los museos como medio de enseñanza activa para fomentar el desarrollo de la alfabetización sensorial, la capacidad de análisis y la elaboración de propuestas a favor de la solución de problemas ambientales.
El sector del turismo en Tabasco: Análisis operativo y perspectiva de la oferta y la demanda
Authors: Guzmán Salas Andrés
Published: October 2021

La industria turística muestra que es un sector económico importante en el mundo. El año 2002 fue histórico, superó la barrera de los 700 millones de visitas internacionales en el ámbito mundial. El turismo ha soportado los cambios cruciales, por ejemplo, la región Asia-Pacífico hizo retroceder a las Américas del segundo hacia el tercer lugar. De hecho, la recepción de Estados Unidos tuvo un gran efecto en esta segunda región con una disminución en el número de arribos. México pertenece a la región de las Américas y es parte de los diez destinos turísticos más importantes del mundo, se sitúa en el séptimo lugar dentro del rango mundial (Organización Mundial del Turismo [wto], 2005a). Es famoso por el turismo de playa y arqueológico, atrae visitantes de diferentes partes del mundo que buscan en México maravillosos sitios turísticos como las pirámides y los centros balnearios.
Evaluación de liderazgo y las funciones directivas en las escuelas telesecundarias de Tabasco
Authors: Aquino Zuñiga Silvia Patricia
Published: October 2021

Este trabajo se enfoca en avaluar el liderazgo y funciones directivas en escuelas telesecundarias del Estado de Tabasco. La obra presenta una ruptura con los tradicionales modelos de acercamiento a la dirección de escuelas desde la administración y el liderazgo como apoyo de comprensión. Este cambio de apreciación invita a comprender la dirección de escuelas desde una perspectiva más compleja. El estudio propone y analiza que, entre otras cosas, la dirección en la entidad es mayormente femenina, con formación promedio de licenciatura y con intereses centrales en la permanencia en el servicio. Estas condiciones se traducen en una dirección con durabilidad en la función y con arraigo a las comunidades donde desarrollan su labor y, sin embargo, con pocas posibilidades de seguirse desarrollando profesionalmente y con bajas expectativas de movilidad dentro de la estructura educativa.
El llamado del feminismo y el género: disciplinas, academia, activismo y olas
Authors: Arciga Zavala Blanca Estela
Published: October 2021

El presente libro explora las voces que problematizan lo positivo y posiblemente lo negativo del feminismo mediante un recorrido teórico-conceptual de su teoría, caracterizando las complejas raíces del mismo junto con las del género. Se toma como punto de partida algunos de sus principios disciplinarios, esto es a través de enclaves teoréticos como son; la historia, la filosofía y la antropología, y su complicada relación con la dimensión activista. No se pretende desplazar las conocidas narrativas de las olas feministas, sino mostrarlas en términos de una red conceptual que ayuda a dar soporte y nitidez a los discursos. A través de sus capítulos se plantea una red conceptual explicativa del feminismo y del género, tratando de alcanzar y de dar lugar a las nuevas generaciones y a las no tan nuevas. Que lleve a la posibilidad de vislumbrar que el feminismo es un instrumento útil para acercarse a ese proceso de autoconciencia tan deseado y buscado por las feministas de la segunda ola, y darle al género el lugar que le corresponde más allá de un concepto de moneda de cambio dentro de las políticas públicas, en nuestros contextos.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF (E)-3-(3-(4-OXO-4H-CHROMEN-3-YL)ACRYLOYL) 2H-CHROMEN-2-ONE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Shatokhin S. S. , Tuskaev V. A. , Gagieva S. Ch. , Pozdnyakov D. I. , Oganesyan E. T.
Published: October 2021

The aimis based on the results of thein silicoprediction, to obtain and characterize a number of (E)-3-(3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives, and also to study their antioxidant activity.

Materials and methods.The synthesis of the target compounds was carried out by condensation of substituted 3-formylchromones and 3-acetylcoumarins under the acid catalysis conditions.1H NMR spectra were recorded on the instruments of Bruker Avance-400 (400 MHz) and Bruker Avance-300 (300 MHz) in the solutions of CDCl3or DMSO-d6. Mass spectra (ESI) were obtained on a Finnigan LCQ Advantage mass spectrometer (USA). The melting points of the compounds were determined on a PTP (M) instrument. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out on the basis of a density functional theory using the Gaussian 09 program using the B3LYP/6-311G (d, p) method, as well as using the Way2Drug (PASS Online) online service. The antiradical activity of the compounds was studied by the DPPH test, and the chelating properties were assessed by theo-phenanthroline method.

Results.15 derivatives of (E)-3-(3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one have been obtained and characterized. The calculations based on the density functional theory showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital exhibiting electron-donating properties is localized on the propenone fragment, which confirms the likelihood of the manifestation of antiradical properties. According to the prediction of the probable spectrum of the biological activity, the obtained compounds are more likely to exhibit their direct antioxidant activity. According to the results of thein vitrostudy of the antioxidant activity, it was found out that compounds 1-15 are the most active in relation to the DPPH radical, which confirms the obtained prognostic data.

Conclusion.Thus, based on thein silicoprediction data, 15 derivatives of (E)-3-(3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one have been obtained and characterized, for which the method antioxidant activity has been studiedin vitro. It was found out that compounds 1-15 exhibit the antiradical activity to a large extent.
Efficiency of correction of cytokine component in local immunity in the treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis associated with herpes infection
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Aisaeva B.M. , Dikke G.B. ,   F.I.Inozemtsev Academy of Medical Education, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Abusueva Z.A. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Khashaeva T.Kh. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The risk of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and recurrence rate increase in the presence of herpesviruses, which is associated with changes in local immune response. Objective. To determine the effect of exogenous cytokines on the cytokine component in local immunity and its efficacy in the treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (RBV) associated with herpesvirus infection. Patients and methods. Eighty women of reproductive age with RBV and herpesvirus infection were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 40) received Clindamycin and a complex of exogenous cytokines (Superlymph®), group II – Clindamycin and placebo. The biocenosis and cytokine levels in vaginal discharge were examined. Results. Recovery occurred in 95% (38/40) of patients in group I versus 77.5% (31/40) of those using placebo; p = 0.05, OR = 5.52 (95% CI: 1.11–27.43). The recurrence rate for 12 months was 12.6% (5/40) versus 33.5% (13/40), respectively, p = 0.01, with a 3-fold decrease in the risk of recurrence (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.09–0.93). There was the restoration of vaginal biocenosis and the decrease in viral release and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels by an average of 1.5 times (p < 0.001) compared with baseline values in patients who received Superlymph®. Conclusion. The complex of exogenous cytokines contributes to the normalization of cytokine component in local immune status and vaginal microbiota and to the decrease in recurrence rate of BV associated with herpesvirus infection. Key words: herpes infection, immunomodulatory therapy, recurrent bacterial vaginosis, Superlymph, cytokines
Systematic analysis of experimental and clinical pharmacology of micronized progesterone preparations
Authors:   Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federarion, Gromova O.A. , Torshin I.Yu. ,   Institute of Pharmacoinformatics, Federal Research Center “Informatics and Management”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federarion, Tetruashvili N.K. ,   National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I.Kulakov, Moscow, Russian Federation, Limanova O.A. ,   Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Micronization of progesterone is necessary for improving the pharmacokinetic properties of progestin preparations that increase the chances of favorable pregnancy outcomes and are essential for hormone replacement therapy. A computer analysis of 637 publications on micronized progesterone (MP) made it possible to systematize the results of studies (1) on the pharmacokinetics of MP preparations, (2) the use of MP in therapy for hot flashes, (3) the effect of MP on the central nervous system, (4) the normolipidemic properties of MP, (5) the use of MP to maintain pregnancy and (6) to improve the efficiency of reproductive technologies. Key words: safety issues, micronized progesterone, pregnancy maintenance, Prajisan, pharmacoanalytics
Densidad y uso de hábitat de la pava caucana (Penelope perspicax) en los Farallones de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Valencia Velasco Juan David , Estela Felipe A. , Fierro-Calderón Eliana , Valenzuela Leonor , Osorio-Domínguez Daniel
Published: October 2021

La pava caucana (Penelope perspicax) es un ave endémica de las laderas del valle geográfico del río Cauca en Colombia, considerada en peligro de extinción. La pérdida de hábitat y la cacería han sido sus principales amenazas, lo que ha generado la reducción y aislamiento de sus poblaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la densidad poblacional en una localidad en los Farallones de Cali y desarrollar modelos de ocupación, para evaluar factores que expliquen el uso de hábitat de la especie. Obtuvimos una densidad de 9 ind.km-2, el valor más bajo de los estimados disponibles para la especie; además, encontramos una relación estrecha entre el área de cobertura boscosa y el uso del hábitat de la especie. Los resultados indican la necesidad de conservar los remanentes de bosque y mantener la conectividad, ya que a pesar de que la especie puede utilizar gran variedad de hábitats, la probabilidad de uso aumenta en relación a las áreas disponibles de bosque. Recomendamos que se aumenten los esfuerzos de muestreo en este núcleo poblacional, asegurando variabilidad temporal y espacial, con el fin de contar con mejor información para su manejo en este núcleo.
Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Ekonomi Pembangunan
Authors:   Detak Prapanca, Febriansah Rizky Eka
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala anugerah dan rahmat-Nya, sehingga Buku Ajar Pengantar Ekonomi Pembangunan jilid 1 untuk Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Buku Ajar Pengantar Ekonomi Pembangunan jilid 1 ini terdiri dari 6 Bab Materi Perkuliahan, yang merupakan satu kesatuan materi yang dipelajari oleh mahasiswa secara menyeluruh dan tak terpisahkan selama setengah semester/ pertemuan sebelum UTS karena merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh dalam Capaian Kompetensi dari Pengantar Ekonomi Pembangunan di Rencana Pembelajaran Semester . Tujuan diterbitkan buku ajar ini untuk membantu mahasiswa agar dapat menguasai konsep dan perspektif pembangunan ekonomi dalam manajemen dan bisnis secara mudah, dan utuh. Di samping itu pula, buku ajar ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan bagi dosen yang mengampu mata kuliah Pengantar Ekonomi Pembangunan. Isi modul ini memuat 5 komponen utama yaitu; Pendahuluan, Penyajian Materi, Rangkuman, Latihan dan Daftar Pustaka. Buku Ajar Pengantar Ekonomi Pembangunan jilid 1 Ekonomi dan Bisnis ini diterbitkan oleh Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo (UMSIDA) Press untuk kalangan sendiri. Buku Ajar ini merupakan buku terbitan edisi pertama yang tentunya masih butuh disempurnakan. Oleh karena itu, saran dan masukan oleh para pengguna sangat kami harapkan untuk kesempurnaan isi buku ajar ini di masa yang akan datang.
Buku Ajar Potret Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia
Authors:   Imam Fauji, Fahyuni Eni Fariyatul ,   Istikomah
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, sehingga Buku Ajar Potret Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia ini dapat disusun dengan baik meskipun perlu penyempurnaan lebih lanjut. Potret Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia ini dikhususkan untuk pegangan Mahasiswa Magister Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo. Potret Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia merupakan salah satu sumber yang sangat berpotensi dalam menentukan sukses dan kelancaran progam pendidikan serta merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam manajemen pengelolaan pendidikan. Dengan selesainya penulisan buku ajar ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah memberikan bahan-bahan tulisan baik langsung maupun tidak langsung.
Influence of Grain Size Transition on Flow and Solute Transport through 3D Layered Porous Media
Authors: Dou Zhi , Zhang Xueyi , Wang Jinguo , Chen Zhou , Wei Yunbo , Zhou Zhifang
Published: October 2021

Soils and other geologic porous media often have contrasting grain size layers associated with a grain size transition zone between layers. However, this transition zone is generally simplified to a plane of zero thickness for modeling assumption, and its influence has always been neglected in previous studies. In this study, an approach combining a deposition process and a random packing process was developed to generate 3D porous media without and with consideration of the transition zone. The direct numerical models for solving the flow and concentration fields were implemented to investigate the influence of the grain size transition on flow and solute transport. Our results showed that although the transition zone occupied 13.6% of the entire layered porous medium, it had little influence on the distribution of flow velocity at the scale of the entire layered porous medium. However, the transition zone had a significant influence on the local flow field, which was associated with the increased spatial variability of velocity and the varied distribution of flow velocity. This varied local flow field could increase the solute residence time and delay the breakthrough time for solute transport. Although using both the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the mobile and immobile (MIM) models to fit the breakthrough curves (BTCs) for solute transport through layered porous media resulted in trivial errors, the ADE model failed to capture the influence induced by the local flow field, especially the influence of the transition zone. In contrast, the MIM model was shown to be able to capture the influence of the transition on solute transport. It was found that the mass transfer rate α, a parameter of the MIM model, was significantly improved by the presence of the transition zone, while it decreased as the transition zone fraction increased. Our study emphasized that the transition zone can vary the local flow field at the pore scale, while it has little influence on the hydraulic properties (e.g., hydraulic conductivity) of the macroscale flow field. However, the local flow field varied by the transition zone has a significant influence on solute transport.
Proppant and Fracture Height Measurement from Forgotten Vertical Well Diagnostics
Authors: Squires Christopher Lawrence
Published: October 2021

This paper reviews the diagnostic data from vertical wells where operators targeted Burkett, Hamilton and Marcellus Shales and other deeper unconventional shale or tight gas reservoirs with vertical wells between the years 2006-2013. The learnings are then translated for their applicability in horizontal development wells. Its purpose is to deliver a better perception of fracture geometry and interactions between payzones that are separated by potential fracture barriers.

Multiple vertical wells employed the use of diagnostics in the form of proppant tracer, production logging and post-fracture temperature surveys to provide an improved understanding of hydraulic fracture and propped fracture height and the formations that serve as hydraulic fracture barriers. Completions variables such as treating rates, proppant volumes, perforation designs and frac fluid systems are examined to determine how they relate to propped fracture height growth.

In the majority of the logs reviewed, the proppant was contained to the perforated interval or just above and below. Some wells did have extensive proppant height growth. However, in most of those cases, the propped fracture height was the result of poor cement bonding, multiple fractured intervals growing towards one another and frac plug failures. As expected, hydraulic fracture height is typically significantly higher than the proppant height. Few vertical wells showed evidence of proppant connecting the Marcellus and Burkett zones. Formations acting as fracture barriers did not respond to many of the completions variables. Large treatment volumes, up to 500,000 lbs or more of proppant in a single stage, are often contained to propped fracture heights of less than 50 ft.

Few vertical unconventional wells are currently drilled now that most economic Marcellus fairways are well into their development phase. Vertical wells and their learnings are often forgotten with the many personnel and role changes, acquisitions, mergers and other fast paced changes in the industry over the last decade. The purpose of this paper is to reintroduce the valuable and still relevant vital information from these forgotten vertical wells.
On Improving Algorithm Efficiency of Gas-Kick Simulations toward Automated Influx Management: A Robertson Differential-Algebraic-Equation Problem Approach
Authors: Wei Chen , Chen Yuanhang
Published: October 2021

Improved numerical efficiency in simulating wellbore gas-influx behaviors is essential for realizing real-time model-prediction-based gas-influx management in wells equipped with managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) systems. Currently, most solution algorithms for high-fidelity multiphase-flow models are highly time consuming and are not suitable for real-time decision making and control. In the application of model-predictive controllers (MPCs), long calculation time can lead to large overshoots and low control efficiency.

This paper presents a drift-flux-model (DFM)-based gas-influx simulator with a novel numerical scheme for improved computational efficiency. The solution algorithm to a Robertson problem as differential algebraic equations (DAEs) was used as the numerical scheme to solve the control equations of the DFM in this study. The numerical stability and computational efficiency of this numerical scheme and the widely used flux-splitting methods are compared and analyzed. Results show that the Robertson DAE problem approach significantly reduces the total number of arithmetic operations and the computational time compared with the hybrid advection-upstream-splitting method (AUSMV) while maintaining the same prediction accuracy. According to the “Big-O notation” analysis, the Robertson DAE approach shows a lower-order growth of computational complexity, proving its good potential in enhancing numerical efficiency, especially when handling simulations with larger scales. The validation of both the numerical schemes for the solution of the DFM was performed using measured data from a test well drilled with water-based mud (WBM).

This study offers a novel numerical solution to the DFM that can significantly reduce the computational time required for gas-kick simulation while maintaining high prediction accuracy. This approach enables the application of high-fidelity two-phase-flow models in model-prediction-based decision making and automated influx management with MPD systems.
Numerical Study on Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fractures Using a Pseudo-3D Model for Multilayered Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Xi , Yang Lifeng , Weng Dingwei , Wang Zhen , Jeffrey Robert G.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we incorporated a kinematic proppant transport model for spherical suspensions in hydraulic fractures developed by Dontsov and Peirce (2014) in a pseudo-3D hydraulic-fracture simulator for multilayered rocks to capture a different proppant transport speed than fluid flow and abridged fracture channel by highly concentrated suspensions. For pressure-driven proppant transport, the bridges made of compact proppant particles can lead to both proppant distribution discontinuity and increased fracture aperture and height because of the higher pressure. The model is applied to growth of a fracture from a vertical well, which can contain thin-bedded intervals and more than one opened hydraulic-fracture interval, because the fracture plane extends in height through layers with contrasts in stress and material properties. Three numerical examples demonstrate that a loss of vertical connectivity can occur among multiple fracture sections, and proppant particles are transported along the more compliant layers. The proppant migration within a narrow fracture in a thin soft rock layer can result in bridging and formation of a proppant plug that strongly limits fluid speed. This generates an increase of injection pressure associated with fracture screenout, and these screenout events can emerge at different places along the fracture. Next, because of the lack of pretreatment geomechanical data, the values of layer stress and leakoff coefficient are adjusted for a field case so that the varying bottomhole pressure and fracture length are in line with the field measurements. This paper provides a useful illustration for hydraulic-fracturing treatments with proppant transport affected by and interacting with reservoir lithological complexities.
Synthesis, Characterization and USW Sensor of PEO/PMMA/PVP Doped with Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Obaid Karar Abdali
Published: October 2021

Piezoelectric phenomena is very important for various applications such as ultrasound waves (USW) sensor and pressure sensors. The raw materials from polyethylene oxide (PEO), Poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) polymer blends were doped with 0.02,0.04 and 0.06 wt% from zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles (NPs) as a nanocomposites (NCs). The resultant films were prepared by dry casting method. The optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to satisfied from the SiO2NPs diffusion in the blend. The SiO2NPs were good diffused inside the blend with some weak aggregation happened in the high content of NPs. The composite films were diagnosed by FTIR. The USW properties were measured for k1 spaceman with various frequencies (25,30,…,45) MHz. The USW coefficients were clearly effected by the frequency varied. The resulted composite film was succeeded to be used as USW sensor, also these findings could help to realize these new NCs as promising materials for wide applications, such as backlight, car glass and UV filters.
Genetic Diversity of Toxigenic Fusarium Verticillioidesassociated with Maize Grains in India
Authors: Navale Vishwambar , Vankudoth KoteswaraRao
Published: October 2021

Genetic diversity of Fusarium species associated with maize grains were analyzed from ten states of India. Fusarium verticillioides (88.52%), F. coffeatum (6.55%), F. foetens (3.27%) and F. euwallaceae (1.63%) were recovered from the maize samples. A phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF1-α) gene sequence formed five evolutionary lineages (EL) that showed both inter- and intra-species variability. A In-vitro pathogenicity study confirms that among the 61 strains, 51% exhibited high to moderate virulence to the maize, and produced one or more mycotoxins. The genetic diversity of F. verticillioides were evaluated using Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprints. The ISSR fingerprints (AG)8C and (AG)8G shown 252 and 368 microsatellites sites, respectively, in the genome of F. verticillioides. The (AG)8C fingerprints differentiated the pathogenic and non-pathogenic clustering of F. verticillioides. However, Simpson’s (SID), and Shannon’s (H) index showed a wide range of diversity within the F. verticillioides. The pleomorphic nature of these strains role in host pathogen interactions and adoptive potential to develop disease to crop plants. Toxigenic potential of F. verticillioides was evaluated for the presence of FUM1and FUM13 genes involved in fumonisins B1 (FB1) biosynthesis, and further confirmed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed 91% strains were FB1 producers. The current finding demonstrated that most F. vertcillioides strains showed a wide range of genetic diversity with varied toxigenic and pathogenic potentials. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an effective resistant breeding program in maize, and further monitoring is necessary for the post-harvest losses of grains.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis Based on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Sharifrazi Danial , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Izadi Navid Hoseini , Roshanzamir Mohamad , Shoeibi Afshin , Khozeimeh Fahime , Sani Fariba Alizadeh , Sani Zahra Alizadeh , Hussain Sadiq , Harlapur Chandrashekhar , Gorriz Juan M. , Khosravi Abbas , Nahavandi Saeid , Sarrafzadegan Nizal , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
Published: October 2021

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) can lead to serious cardiac problems. HCM is often diagnosed by an expert using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images obtained from patients. In this research, we aimed to develop a deep learning technique to automate HCM diagnosis. CMR images of 37421 healthy and 21846 HCM patients were obtained during two years. Images obtained from female patients form 53% of the collected dataset. The mean and standard deviation of the dataset patients’ age are 48.2 and 19.5 years, respectively. Three experts inspected images and determined whether a case has HCM or not. New data augmentation was used to generate new images by employing color filtering on the existing ones. To classify the augmented images, we used a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time CNN is used for HCM diagnosis. We designed our CNN from scratch to reach acceptable diagnosis accuracy. Comparing the designed algorithm output with the experts’ opinions, the method could achieve accuracy of 95.23%, recall of 97.90%, and specificity of 93.06% on the original dataset. The same performance metrics for the designed algorithm on the augmented dataset were 98.53%, 98.70%, and 95.21%, respectively. We have also experimented with different optimizers (e.g. Adadelta and Adagrad) and other data augmentation methods (e.g. height shift and rotation) to further evaluate the proposed method. Using our data augmentation method, accuracy of 98.53% were achieved which is higher than the best accuracy (95.83%) obtained by the other data augmentation methods which have been evaluated. The upper bound on difference between true error rate and empirical error rate of the proposed method has also been provided in order to present better performance analysis. The advantages of employing the proposed method are elimination of contrast agent and its complications, decreased CMR examination time, lower costs for patients and cardiac imaging centers.
Preparation and Assessment of Nanocomposites Based on Natural Rubber Latex Reinforced With Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Gamma Rays Shielding Applications
Authors: Abdeldaym A. , Elhady M. A.
Published: October 2021

Reinforcement of the flexible shielding properties of natural rubber (NRL) was achieved through various content Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared from a simple solution using mixing method. Thereafter, a host of evaluative tests, using different techniques were carried to check the structural, morphological, mechanical and electrical conformity of the MWCNTs in the natural rubber matrix. More notably, the results from the x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the nanocomposites have been successfully prepared, making them fitting to impact significant improvement on the mechanical strength of the matrix. The evaluation of the formation of MWCNT networks in the matrix, which gives insight into the nanocomposites' electrical conductivity, also showed agreeable results as the linear attenuation coefficients (l) and half-value thickness (HVT) for NRL/MWCNTs nanocomposite films were investigated . Thus, from the foregoing series of results, it can be concluded that nanocomposite films offer promising radiation-shielding properties.
The Effect of Urban Redevelopment Induced Displacement and Resettlement on Social Capital in Ethiopia
Authors: Alene Endalew Terefe
Published: October 2021

City transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa by its nature require massive physical space to accommodate urban development. Accordingly, urban redevelopment program is taken place in many old inner-city settlements to increase the supply of land for commercial and residential development. To this end, these practice often lead to displacement of residents from their original location which in turn affects their livelihoods. The trend and situation of urban development program in Ethiopia and Gondar city is no exception. To this end, this paper assess the effects of urban redevelopment induced displacement and resettlement on social capital in Gondar city. To achieve the objective of the research, a questionnaire survey covering 147 displaced households with interview and field observation was carried out. The findings highlight that, though resettlement has positive effects to the people, the displaced households in Gondar city were lost their neighborhood ties and social networks such as Idir, Equb, Mahiber and Senbetie in their new location. In addition, they also endures several adverse impacts on their basic infrastructure facilities. Therefore, government should understand the social capital impacts in both pre and post relocation phases to improve and strength the displaced households social networks and relationships throughout the entire resettlement process.
Natural ACTH Relieves Acute Inflammation of Gout by Changing the Function of Macrophages
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhao Li , Liu Jiyu , Cao Lin , Zhao Tianyi , Yu Yiyun , Xuan Dandan , Wan Weiguo , Zou Hejian , Xue Yu
Published: October 2021

Objective: Gout is a common arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals. Macrophage is crucial in the process of monosodium urate (MSU) -induced inflammation. Although it has been reported that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in nature can be used to cure urarthritis, the mechanism concerning macrophage is still not clear. This study aims to explore how natural ACTH can alleviate urarthritis through functional changes in macrophage. Methods: We analysed the variations in VAS pain scores of five patients, knowing the time of action, and detecting the level of cortisol and ACTH in patients 24 hours after the application of ACTH. The effect of natural ACTH on joint inflammation and the level of cortisol in blood in mouse model was evaluated by studies in vivo. In vitro studies we evaluated the effect of natural ACTH on macrophage and revealed different functions of ACTH and dexamethasone on macrophage in the transcriptional level. Results: In patients with acute gout, natural ACTH can quickly alleviate pain and has no effect on the level of cortisol and ACTH. Natural ACTH is able to ease the swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by arthritis, without changing the level of cortisol. Besides, natural ACTH in vitro can alleviate acute gouty inflammation by regulating phagocytosis and polarization of macrophage, which also exert different effects on the transcription of some related genes.Conclusion: Natural ACTH is able to alleviate acute gouty inflammation by regulating macrophage, and this effect differs from that of dexamethasone in the transcriptional level.
The roles of S100B , IL-1β and IL-2 as neuroinflammation biomarkers in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Shen Zhongxia , Cui Lijun , Ren Lie , Yuan Yonggui , Shen Xinhua
Published: October 2021

Introduction: S100B is a neurotrophic factor regulates neuronal growth and plasticity via activating astrocytes and microglia through production of neuro-inflammatory molecules like interleukin (IL)-1β involved in many mental disorders, few studies have combined S100B and cytokines to explore their roles as neuro-inflammatory biomarkers in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods: Serum S100B and cytokines (IL-1β , IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10) of 108 untreated GAD cases and 123 healthy controls were determined by enzyme linked-immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and then compared, while Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores were measured to evaluate anxiety severity. Results: The serum S100B and IL-1β, IL-2 levels of GAD cases were lower than HC significantly (P<0.001), the IL-4 level of GAD were higher than HC (P<0.001), while IL-10 had no significant difference between two groups (P=0.215). The ROC area of S100B, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-4 in diagnosis of GAD was (0.740 ± 0.032) , (0.900 ± 0.021) , (0.920 ± 0.018) and (0.696 ± 0.037) , all of them suggested a good predicting value (P < 0.001) , while the ROC area of IL-10 was (0.544 ± 0.038) (P = 0.251). The sensitivity of S-100B, IL-1β, IL-2 in diagnosis of GAD was 73.1%, 80.6%, 85.2%, while the specificity was 61.0%, 86.2%, 80.5%. The combination ROC area of S100B, IL-1β , IL-2 and IL-4 was (0.985 ± 0.006)(P < 0.001). Serum S100B was positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-4 (P <0.05)., while was negatively with HAMA scores (P <0.001). Conclusion: The serum S-100B, IL-1β, IL-2 levels of GAD were down-regulated while IL-4 was up-regulated, both IL-2 and IL-4 had a good diagnosis value in GAD separately while the combination of S100B and cytokines had a better diagnosis value which means the neuro-inflammation in GAD is a network regulated by many factors.
In Silico Insights of Tunable Small Molecules With Regulatory Activity of Acid Sphingomyelinase-Protein Kinase Cδ Interaction
Authors: Vadlamudi Yellamandayya , M Kannan , C Thirunavukkarasu , Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
Published: October 2021

Acid sphingomyelinase demonstrates a housekeeping role and plays a key role in maintaining membrane turnover through sphingolipid metabolism. While deficiency of ASM housekeeping function leading to a lysosomal storage disorder, activation and translocation of ASM leads to AD pathology. Phosphorylation of ASM by PKCδ is critical for translocation of ASM to the plasma membrane. However, several strategies have been developed for the treatment of patients with AD, limitations of treatments and occurrence of AD by alternative signaling pathways become hurdle to the mortality of patients. In the present study, we report the interface of ASM- PKCδ interactions by performing molecular modeling, docking and dynamics simulation analysis. By considering the interacting site of ASM with PKCδ as an allosteric site, we screened a large number of small molecules by virtual screening and identified four lead molecules that show high binding affinity and interacting mode with residues of ASM that are critical to making interaction with PKCδ. The proven role of ASM in apoptosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and the existing functionality of leads in these diseases, together with strengthens the lead compounds, ZINC85551993, ZINC71928291, ZINC71773625 and ZINC85432419 as allosteric inhibitors for ASM. We believe that the lead molecules could be potential allosteric modulators for the translocation of ASM.
Tolerance and Physiological Responses in Two Populations of Harmel Plant to Silver Stress, A Suitable Candidate for Accumulation of Ag
Authors: Mahdavian Kobra
Published: October 2021

By studying harmel plants in Ag metal-contaminated mineral areas, it was found that harmel plants can accumulate Ag metal, so the present study aimed to investigate the effects of Ag exposure (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 mgL− 1 Ag) to harmel seedlings. Two populations (metallicolous and non-metallicolous) were compared about Ag tolerance, Ag accumulation, translocation factor (TF), photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity and, non-enzyme metabolite. At first, harmel plants were studied for their ability to accumulate silver metal in a silver metal-contaminated mineral area. Also, the results of hydroponic culture showed that the increase of Ag concentrations in the nutrient solution reduced root length, shoot length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and, total soluble sugars in both populations, but the accumulation is more pronounced in metallicolous populations than non-metallicolous. In response to this, the antioxidant activities were increased under Ag exposure, and sharp in the metallicolous population. In conclusion, the above results show that harmel seems a suitable candidate for Ag-accumulation; and these findings support the use of harmel as an acceptable species for cultivation in soils that are contaminated with Ag and strategies to minimize the toxicity of Ag in plants.
Integrating the analysis of transcriptome-wide association study and gene expression profile to identify genes associated with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Xu Jiawen , Si Haibo , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Zhang Shaoyun , Shen Bin
Published: October 2021

Background

Spondyloarthritis(SpA) is a group of multi-factorial bone diseases influenced by genetic factors, environment and lifestyles. However, the genetic and pathogenic mechanism of SpA is still elusive.
Methods

Firstly, the tissue-specific transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) of SpA was performed by utilizing the genome-wide association study (GWAS, including 3966 SpA patients and 452264 controls) summary data and gene expression weights of the whole blood and skeletal muscle. Secondly, the SpA-associated genes identified by TWAS were further compared with the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) detected by gene expression profile of SpA acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO, accession number:GSE58667). Finally, FUMA and Metascape tools were used to conduct gene functional enrichment and annotation analysis.
Results

TWAS detected 28 significant genes associated with SpA both in the whole blood and skeletal muscle, such as CTNNAL1 (PSM=0.0304, PWB=0.0096). Further comparing with gene expression profile of SpA, we identified 20 candidate genes which overlapped in TWAS, such as MCM4 (PTWAS=0.0132, PDEG=0.0275), KIAA1109 (PTWAS=0.0371,PDEG=0.0467). The enrichment analysis of the genes identified by TWAS detected 93 significant GO terms 33 and KEGG pathways, such as mitochondrion organization (GO:0007005, log10(P)= -4.29) and axon guidance(hsa04360, log10(P)= -4.26).
Conclusion

We identified multiple candidate genes genetically related to SpA. Our study may provide some novel clues for the further study of the genetic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of SpA.