bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the optimal handling of uncertain pregnancy episodes in the CPRD GOLD Pregnancy Register: a methodological study using UK primary care data
Authors: Campbell Jennifer , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Thomas Sara , Williams Rachael , McDonald Helen I , Minassian Caroline
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To investigate why episodes of pregnancy identified from electronic health records may be incomplete or conflicting (overlapping), and provide guidance on how to handle them.

Setting

Pregnancy Register generated from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD UK primary care database.

Participants

Female patients with at least one pregnancy episode in the Register (01 January 1937−31 December 2017) which had no recorded outcome or conflicted with another episode.

Design

We identified multiple scenarios potentially explaining why uncertain episodes occur. Criteria were established and systematically applied to determine whether episodes had evidence of each scenario. Linked Hospital Episode Statistics were used to identify pregnancy events not captured in primary care.

Results

Of 5.8 million pregnancy episodes in the Register, 932 604 (16%) had no recorded outcome, and 478 341 (8.5%) conflicted with another episode (251 026 distinct conflicting pairs of episodes among 210 593 women). 826 146 (89%) of the episodes without outcome recorded in primary care and 215 577 (86%) of the conflicting pairs were consistent with one or more of our proposed scenarios. For 689 737 (74%) episodes with recorded outcome missing and 215 544 (86%) of the conflicting pairs (at least one episode), supportive evidence (eg, antenatal records, linked hospital records) suggested they were true and current pregnancies. Furthermore, 516 818 (55 %) and 160 936 (64%), respectively, were during research quality follow-up time. For a sizeable proportion of uncertain episode, there is evidence to suggest that historical outcomes being recorded by the general practitioner during an ongoing pregnancy may offer explanation (73 208 (29.2%) and 349 874 (37.5%)).

Conclusions

This work provides insight to users of the CPRD Pregnancy Register on why uncertain pregnancy episodes exist and indicates that most of these episodes are likely to be real pregnancies. Guidance is given to help researchers consider whether to include/exclude uncertain pregnancies from their studies, and how to tailor approaches to minimise underestimation and bias.
Toripalimab plus axitinib in patients with metastatic mucosal melanoma: 3-year survival update and biomarker analysis
Authors: Li Siming , Wu Xiaowen , Yan Xieqiao , Zhou Li , Chi Zhihong , Si Lu , Cui Chuanliang , Tang Bixia , Mao Lili , Lian Bin , Wang Xuan , Bai Xue , Dai Jie , Kong Yan , Tang Xiongwen , Feng Hui , Yao Sheng , Flaherty Keith T , Guo Jun , Sheng Xinan
Published: February 2022

Background

Mucosal melanoma is an aggressive melanoma subtype with poor response to antiprogrammed cell death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy. Axitinib in combination with toripalimab, a humanized IgG4 mAb against PD-1, showed a promising response rate in patients with metastatic mucosal melanoma (MM) in a phase Ib study. Here, we report the updated overall survival (OS), duration of response (DoR), and biomarker analysis results.

Methods

Patients with advanced MM received toripalimab 1 or 3 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks combined with axitinib 5 mg orally two times per day until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Tumor programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and gene expression profile (GEP) by messenger RNA sequencing were evaluated for correlation with survival.

Results

As of April 2, 2021, the median follow-up was 42.5 months. Among 29 chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic MM, the median OS was 20.7 months (95% CI 9.7 to 32.7 months); the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.5 months (95% CI 3.8 to 14.8 months); and the median DoR was 13.4 months (95% CI 5.5 to 20.6 months). The OS rates of 1, 2, and 3 years were 62.1%, 44.8%, and 31.0%, respectively. Biomarker analysis found that PD-L1 expression and TMB level were not associated with survival benefits. In contrast, a 12-GEP signature correlated with improved PFS (17.7 vs 5.7 months, p=0.0083) and OS (35.6 vs 17.6 months, p=0.039).

Conclusions

The 3-year survival update confirmed the antitumor activity and long-term survival benefit of the toripalimab plus axitinib combination in patients with advanced MM. The 12-gene GEP is of value in predicting the outcomes of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor and PD-1 blockade combination therapy, but requires further validation.

Trial registration numbers

NCT03086174.
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in relation to peripheral immune cell profiles among patients with multiple sclerosis receiving ocrelizumab
Authors: Räuber Saskia , Korsen Melanie , Huntemann Niklas , Rolfes Leoni , Müntefering Thomas , Dobelmann Vera , Hermann Alexander M , Kölsche Tristan , von Wnuck Lipinski Karin , Schroeter Christina B , Nelke Christopher , Regner-Nelke Liesa , Ingwersen Jens , Pawlitzki Marc , Teegen Bianca , Barnett Michael Harry , Hartung Hans-Peter , Aktas Orhan , Albrecht Philipp , Levkau Bodo , Melzer Nico , Ruck Tobias , Meuth Sven G , Kremer David
Published: February 2022

Background

Vaccination has proven to be effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission and severe disease courses. However, immunocompromised patients have not been included in clinical trials and real-world clinical data point to an attenuated immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving immunomodulatory therapies.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study including 59 ocrelizumab (OCR)-treated patients with MS who received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody titres, routine blood parameters and peripheral immune cell profiles were measured prior to the first (baseline) and at a median of 4 weeks after the second vaccine dose (follow-up). Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response and peripheral B cell subsets were analysed at follow-up. Finally, vaccination-related adverse events were assessed.

Results

After vaccination, we found anti-SARS-CoV-2(S) antibodies in 27.1% and a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response in 92.7% of MS cases. T cell-mediated interferon (IFN)-γ release was more pronounced in patients without anti-SARS-CoV-2(S) antibodies. Antibody titres positively correlated with peripheral B cell counts, time since last infusion and total IgM levels. They negatively correlated with the number of previous infusion cycles. Peripheral plasma cells were increased in antibody-positive patients. A positive correlation between T cell response and peripheral lymphocyte counts was observed. Moreover, IFN-γ release was negatively correlated with the time since the last infusion.

Conclusion

In OCR-treated patients with MS, the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is attenuated while the T cell response is preserved. However, it is still unclear whether T or B cell-mediated immunity is required for effective clinical protection. Nonetheless, given the long-lasting clinical effects of OCR, monitoring of peripheral B cell counts could facilitate individualised treatment regimens and might be used to identify the optimal time to vaccinate.
Optimization of thermal storage using different materials for cooking with solar power
Authors: Shaikh Mahad , Uzair Muhammad , Ahmad Raza Syed
Published: February 2022

Previous studies into the use of solar power have been limited to storage materials and general applications; however, our study focused on the use of solar power for food preparation (cooking) and the selection of materials for the major components (storage material, insulation, convective lid) of a thermal energy storage system to optimize the use of solar power for cooking when sunlight is absent, e.g., evening/night. Our study incorporated different materials for each component, considering system performance and the costs of materials as key evaluation parameters. Based on our results, we optimized the system using selected materials and then compared it with an experimental model used for validation. Solar salt was selected as the storage material, sugarcane fibers were used as insulation, and copper was used as the convective material for the lid of the cooking pot. The results showed that the optimized system was 38.8 % more efficient than the experimental model. Moreover, the materials we selected for the optimized system are inexpensive, increasing affordability and thus encouraging consumers to use this eco-friendly system.
Looking at linking numbers
Authors: Perko Kenneth A.
Published: February 2022

This paper applies the intuitive techniques of [ 9 ] to certain 3-colored knot diagrams, generating corresponding 3-fold branched covering spaces with predictable linking numbers between branch curves.
Analysis of Driver Behavior and Intervehicular Collision: A Data-Based Traffic Modeling and Simulation Approach
Authors: Zhao Lu , Farhi Nadir , Christoforou Zoi , Haddadou Nadia
Published: February 2022

The emergence of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) is expected to contribute to resolving traffic congestion and safety problems; however, it is inevitable that ICV safety issues in mixed traffic (involving ICVs and human driven vehicles) will be a critical challenge. The numerical simulation of scenarios involving a mix of different driving profiles is expected to be an important safety assessment tool in the process of testing and validating ICVs, especially regarding extreme scenarios, including car collisions, which are rarely captured in real-world datasets. In this study, we propose a novel approach for car collision generation in numerical simulations based on the assumption that car collision occurrences are mostly associated with certain specific driver profiles. Using a dataset provided by the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) project, NGSIM 101 dataset, we identify three different driver profiles: aggressive, inattentive, and normal drivers. We then replicate car collision occurrences by varying the percentages of these three driver profiles in the simulated environment, allowing us to establish a relationship between driver profiles and car collision occurrences. We also investigate the severity of car collisions and classify them with respect to the driver profiles of the cars involved in the collisions. Our approach of replicating car collision occurrences in numerical simulations will facilitate the testing and validation of ICVs in the future, especially regarding the testing of ICV functionalities in dealing with traffic accidents.
Effect of 3D Printing Technology in Proximal Femoral Osteotomy in Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Cao Jin , Gao Chao , Sun Jing Hua , Zheng Hua Jiang , Zhu Huan Ye , Zhong Zhao Ping , Zhou Long
Published: February 2022

Objective. To investigate the effect and safety of 3D printing technology in proximal femoral osteotomy in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Methods. 40 cases of children with developmental dysplasia of the hip treated by pelvic osteotomy combined with proximal femoral osteotomy at Ningbo No. 6 Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrieved and retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 20 cases received preoperative measurement and design assisted by 3D printing technology (the 3D printing group), and 20 cases received conventional preoperative measurement and design (the conventional group). Results. All patients were followed up for an average of 25 (12~36) months. During the follow-up, there were no complications such as infection, fracture of internal fixation, or malunion of osteotomy. Compared with the conventional group, the 3D printing group had a shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, and fewer intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopies (all

p
<
0.05

). In the last follow-up, the clinical efficacy was evaluated by the McKay standard: in the 3D printing group, 14 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good, and 1 case was fair. In the conventional group, 10 cases were excellent, 9 cases were good, and 1 case was fair (

Z
=
−
0.382

,

p
>
0.05

). Conclusion. Preoperative 3D printing of bilateral femur and other large physical models is accurate, which is ideal for the development of individual preoperative planning. Proximal femoral osteotomy using preoperative measurements and simulated surgical data improves the safety of the operation.
Visual Communication Design and Wireless Data Transmission Technology for Blockchain Big Data Information Presentation
Authors: Liu Guan-Chen , Ko Chih-Hsiang
Published: February 2022

The present work is aimed at solving the difficulty of BC big data information analysis and the defects of traditional BC platform visual interface (VI), such as nonstandard layout, unreasonable color use, unclear guidance, and increased user learning cost. Firstly, this paper expounds on BC technology, the related theory of information visualization (IV), and the IV design method of BC-generated big data. Secondly, by formulating the user experience design strategy, a big data visual information sharing platform (ISP) based on behavior experience (BE) is designed. Finally, the system performance is tested. The results show that (i) the proposed BE-based big data visual ISP has the basic functions of information query and module jump. The overall interface of the platform is simple and tidy, the information layout is reasonable, the presentation method is more intuitive, and the visual effect is better. (ii) The host throughput of each system module when processing business is greater than 100 times/s, and the success rate (SR) of event handling is greater than 99%. The average response time (RT) of terminal processing is less than 0.3 s, and the average RT of the terminal side is less than 0.4 s. The system’s central processing unit (CPU) occupancy rate (OR) shall be controlled below 30%. The memory OR shall be below 30%, both of which are lower than the standard value, and the system performance meets the standard. To sum up, the proposed ISP has basic functions and ensures good operation performance. It is suitable for the IV of BC-generated big data. The purpose is to provide important technical support for the IV of BC-generated big data and improve the efficiency of users’ data information acquisition and analysis.
U-Net: A Smart Application with Multidimensional Attention Network for Remote Sensing Images
Authors: Wang Yao , Kong Jiayuan , Zhang Hesheng
Published: February 2022

Building segmentation is an important step in urban planning and development. In this work, we propose a new deep learning model, namely Multidimension Attention U-Net (MDAU-Net), to accurately segment building pixels and nonbuilding pixels in remote sensing images. Furthermore, we introduce a novel Multidimension Modified Efficient Channel Attention (MD-MECA) model to enhance the network discriminative ability through considering the interdependence between feature maps. Through deepening the U-Net model to a seven-story structure, the ability to identify the building is enhanced. We apply MD-MECA to the “skip connections” in traditional U-Net, instead of simply copying the feature mapping of the contraction path to the matching extension path, to optimize the feature transfer more efficiently. The obtained results show that our proposed MDAU-Net framework achieves the most advanced performance on publicly available building data sets (i.e. the precision over the Massachusetts buildings data set and WHU data set are 97.04% and 95.68%, respectively). Furthermore, we observed that the proposed framework outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.
Minimal Doubly Resolving Sets of Some Classes of Convex Polytopes
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad , Alrowaili Dalal , Zahid Zohaib , Siddique Imran , Iampan Aiyared
Published: February 2022

Source localization is one of the most challenging problems in complex networks. Monitoring and controlling complex networks is of great interest for understanding different types of systems, such as biological, technological, and complex physical systems. Modern research has made great developments in identifying sensors through which we can monitor or control complex systems. For this task, we choose a set of sensors with the smallest possible size so that the source may be identified. The problem of locating the source of an epidemic in a network is equivalent to the problem of finding the minimal doubly resolving sets (MDRSs) in a network. In this paper, we calculate the minimal doubly resolving sets (MDRSs) of some classes of convex polytopes in order to compute their double metric dimension (DMD).
The lncRNA NEAT1/miRNA-766-5p/E2F3 Regulatory Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Zhu Xinshu , Jin Qiu , Lin Bo , Ji Runyuan
Published: February 2022

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. lncRNA NEAT1 has recently been identified as a carcinogenic regulator of multiple cancers; however, the role of NEAT1 on PCa is still poorly understood. Methods. Kaplan–Meier was conducted to determine the overall survival rate in PCa patients with aberrant NEAT1 levels. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to detect expressions of NEAT1 and miR-766-5p in tissues and cells. In addition, CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry analysis, wound healing, and transwell assay were conducted to determine cell proliferation, cell arrest, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The western blot assay was utilized to determine E2F3 and cell growth-related proteins. The relationship between NEAT1 and miR-766-5p or miR-766-5p and E2F3 was verified by correlation analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results. Here, we find that NEAT1 is overexpressed in PCa tissues and cell lines. Besides, silencing of NEAT1 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and promotes cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Further mechanistic studies find that NEAT1 sponges miR-766-5p, and miRNA-766-5p is negatively correlated with the expression of NEAT1. In addition, the functional experiment shows that upregulation of miRNA-766-5p inhibits PCa proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) is testified to be the downstream target gene of miRNA-766-5p. Finally, the rescue experiment revealed that miRNA-766-5p inhibition largely restores NEAT1 downregulation-mediated function on PCa progression, while E2F3 knockdown partly removes the effects of miRNA-766-5p inhibitor. Conclusions. In conclusion, NEAT1 facilitates PCa progression by targeting the miRNA-766-5p/E2F3 axis.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene rs1801133 and rs1801131 Polymorphisms and Essential Hypertension Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Fan Yingchao , Wu Liting , Zhuang Wenfang
Published: February 2022

Background. Essential hypertension (EH) is a common and multifactorial disorder that is likely to be influenced by multiple genes. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms influence MTHFR enzyme activity and plasma homocysteine concentration. In addition, variations in MTHFR functions likely play roles in the etiology of EH. Thus far, a large number of studies investigating the associations between the MTHFR polymorphisms and EH have provided controversial or inconclusive results. To better assess the purported relationship, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 52 published studies. Objective and Methods. Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the potential association between the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and EH. Results. Overall, 10712 patients and 11916 controls were involved; we observed significantly increased association between the MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism and EH risk (such as T vs. C:

OR
=
1.38

, 95%

CI
=
1.25
−
1.54

,

P
≤
0.001

), with similar results evident within race subgroups (such as Asian: T vs. C:

OR
=
1.47

, 95%

CI
=
1.30
−
1.67

,

P
≤
0.001

; compared to Chinese: T vs. C:

OR
=
1.54

, 95%

CI
=
1.33
−
1.79

,

P
≤
0.001

). Similar associations were also found in subgroups defined by the source of controls and genotype methods. To our regret, based on the limited studies, no association was detected for rs1801131 polymorphism. Conclusions. Our study provides evidence that the MTHFR rs1801133 null genotype may increase EH risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to evaluate this association in more detail.
Comparative Study of Lifting Surface and CFD Methods in the Simulation of Morphing Process of Folding Wing
Authors: Xu Hao , Han Jinglong , Xi Yong , Chen Guangshan , Cao Peng
Published: February 2022

A folding wing aircraft can autonomously change its configuration in flight to respond to different flying environments. Hinge moment during morphing process is an important basis for driving mechanism design and structural strength check, and its calculation depends on the simulation of the morphing process. Existing studies mostly use the simplified lifting surface method for aerodynamic modeling. In this paper, the CFD-based simulation method is studied, and the results are compared with those by the lifting surface method. First, the unsteady aerodynamic modeling method of the folding wing based on the CFD method is studied, an effective description method is given to define the wall mesh motion caused by wing folding and aileron deflection, and an unfolding–refolding strategy is proposed to improve the quality of the internal mesh in the case of large folding angles. Then, the CFD aerodynamic model is coupled through a developed coupling calculation program with the flexible multibody structure model for the simulation of a flight-morphing process. The comparison with the results of the lifting surface method shows that hinge moments obtained according to the two aerodynamic models are markedly different. Analysis of the difference shows that airfoil thickness considerably affects aerodynamic loading distributions and hinge moments of folding wing aircraft. The lifting surface method ignores airfoil thickness, which will cause large simulation errors in hinge moments.
Effect of Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia and Total Intravenous Anesthesia on Hemodynamics and Pregnancy Outcomes of Severe Preeclampsia Pregnant Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section
Authors: Wang Guangrong , Zhang Pengyu , Li Minghui , Wu Xiujuan , Li Hua
Published: February 2022

Objective. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on hemodynamics and pregnancy outcomes of severe preeclampsia pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section. Methods. 126 patients with severe preeclampsia admitted to Zhangqiu District People’s Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 63) and control group (n = 63). After undergoing cesarean section, the patients in the experimental group received CSEA, while those in the control group were given TIVA. After that, the effect of different anesthesia methods on the hemodynamics and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women was compared. Results. There were no significant differences in age, BMI value, weight, height, gestational weeks, SBP, DBP, and residence between the two groups (P > 0.05). The operation duration, the onset time of anesthesia, and delivery time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with less intraoperative blood loss in the experimental group than that in the control group (P < 0.001). In both groups, MAP and SpO2 during delivery were significantly lower than those before anesthesia, and HR was significantly higher than that before anesthesia (P < 0.001). In the experimental group, MAP and HR during delivery were significantly lower than those in the control group, and SpO2 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). The total effective rate of anesthesia in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The Apgar scoring of the newborns in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001), and the total incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. CSEA is a reliable anesthesia method for improving the hemodynamics indicators in pregnant patients with severe preeclampsia; such strategy greatly increases the Apgar score of newborns and shortens the anesthesia onset time. Further research will be conducive to establishing a better anesthesia plan for such patients.
Study on Backfill Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Source Location under Uniaxial Compressive
Authors: Shi Caixing , Wu Yicheng , Guo Lijie , Zhao Yue , Xu Wenyuan
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the acoustic emission (AE) characteristic of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) under uniaxial compressive loading. A classified tailings material source from Wushan Copper Mine was used to prepare cylindrical CTB samples. This study used an SLB10 loading machine for the uniaxial compressive test. A PCI‐2 acoustic wave system was attached to the CTB specimen to measure the acoustic emission during loading. Overall, the backfill specimen’s uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is 3.58 MPa. The failure modes of the CTB sample could be divided into five stages, including the pore microfracture compacting stage (stage‐a), linear elastic deformation stage (stage‐b), yield deformation stage (stage‐c), failure stage (stage‐d), and residual stage (stage‐e). At each stage, the AE characteristic parameters such as the hits per second (HPS), the cumulative number of impacts, energy rate, and total energy vary a lot, which indicates the AE parameter reflects the internal failure evolution of the CTB sample. In stage‐a, no apparent AE behavior was measured. In Stage‐b, there is no evident macroscopic change in the specimen, while the AE parameters steadily and continuously increase. During stage‐c, the number of AE impacts grows sharply, the energy rate increases significantly, and changes suddenly. The cumulative number of AE impacts is 31.3% in stage‐d, and the cumulative energy rate is 49.4%, which is the most active stage of acoustic emission activities. The specimen has prominent crack propagation and bifurcation phenomena. In stage‐d, the CTB sample was destroyed entirely, and the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission were significantly reduced. Finally, multiple regression analysis methods are introduced into the time difference positioning method to locate the AE source. The positioning results show that the technique can better invert the close relationship between the damage and destruction of the CTB and the generation and penetration of the internal cracks and describe it to a certain extent. The failure surface of the filler specimen has an excellent guiding value for the analysis of the interior failure characteristics of the sample.
Study on the Application of Doxorubicin-Loaded Magnetic Nanodrugs in Targeted Therapy of Liver Cancer
Authors: Wang Lei , Liang Liping , Shi Shuzhen , Wang Chao
Published: February 2022

Doxorubicin (DOX) has been widely recognized as effective in anticancer therapy; however, the additional organ toxicity and low targeting of DOX in antitumor activity remains unaddressed. The aim of this study was to use the drug carrier dextran/polylactic acid (DEX/PLA) and paramagnetic Fe3O4 to improve the targeting of DOX in liver cancer treatment while reducing its potential organ toxicity. Our experimental results show that the combination drug (Fe3O4@DEX/PLA-DOX) exhibits strong hepatocarcinogenic inhibition and low cytotoxicity and that this modified drug provides a better option for clinical liver cancer treatment.
Effects of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids Pollution on the Permeability and Microstructure of In-Filed and Laboratory Soaked Contaminated Clay Soils
Authors: Gao Yanbin , Liu Jiadan
Published: February 2022

The fact that the permeability and microstructure properties of clay will be changed by NAPL (Nonaqueous Phase Liquids) pollution draws high attention in the study of the interaction between NAPL and contaminated soil. Through in-field contaminated clay soils from vinyl chloride and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane-contaminated site in Shanghai, the variation of the content of vinyl chloride and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane pollutants in clay with depth was obtained. The change of plasticity, permeability, and microstructure properties of the clay samples contaminated by vinyl chloride and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane were investigated in detail. The measured test results were compared with the uncontaminated clay and indoor soaked contaminated clay samples by TCE (Trichloroethylene). The test results showed that the microstructure characteristics of clay were changed under the influence of the content of TCE, vinyl chloride, and 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane. The total porosity, accumulative pore volume, and the content of the macroporosity percentage of clay soils showed an increasing trend. The flocculation structure of contaminated clay samples was observed, but there were no overhead pores and connected cracks. Volatile organic pollutants were detected in both field and indoor contaminated clay samples. The plastic limit and liquid limit of each layer of contaminated samples decreased slightly, the plastic index did not change significantly, and the pore ratio and permeability coefficient increased gently. At the same time, the clay shrinkage was aggravated by TCE pollution, and cracks appeared on the surface of soil samples. However, no connected cracks were formed. Test results indicated that the self-developed improved permeability test device can be used to test the permeability coefficient of clay samples with shrinkage and to crack by NAPL pollution. The permeability coefficient showed an increasing trend, though the increase was not at the level of magnitude.
Prognosis Evaluation of MRI Combined with Magnetic Resonance Myelography on Lumbar Disc Herniation after Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy
Authors: Jiang Yi , Zuo Rujun , Yuan Shuai , Li Jian , Liu Chang , Zhang Jiexun , Ma Ming , Li Dasheng , Hai Yong
Published: February 2022

Objective. This study sets out to investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with magnetic resonance myelography (MRM) in patients after percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) and to evaluate its value in postoperative rehabilitation. Methods. The clinical date of 96 patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) after PTED was retrospectively analyzed. The enrolled patients were divided into MRI group (

n
=
32

) and MRI + MRM group (

n
=
64

) according to whether MRM was performed. The nerve root sleeve (morphology, deformation) and dural indentation, intervertebral space height (ISH), intervertebral space angle (ISA), degree of pain (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)), vertebral function (Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA)), and long-term recurrence were compared between the two groups. Results. Compared with the MRI group, the MRI + MRM group better displayed nerve root morphology, sheath sleeve deformation, and dural indentation. Both MRI and MRI + MRM showed ISH and ISA changes well. Compared with the MRI group, the MRI + MRM group had a significantly lower VAS score for lumbar and leg pain, a significantly higher JOA score, and a significantly lower 2-year recurrence rate. Conclusion. MRM combined with MRI is more beneficial to improve the prognosis of LDH patients after PTED.
Efficient Deep Learning Approach for Computational Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Networks
Authors: Cheng Xiaoliang , Liu Jingchun , Jin Zhigang
Published: February 2022

The fifth-generation mobile communication technology is broadly characterised by extremely high data rate, low latency, massive network capacity, and ultrahigh reliability. However, owing to the explosive increase in mobile devices and data, it faces challenges, such as data traffic, high energy consumption, and communication delays. In this study, multiaccess edge computing (previously known as mobile edge computing) is investigated to reduce energy consumption and delay. The mathematical model of multidimensional variable programming is established by combining the offloading scheme and bandwidth allocation to ensure that the computing task of wireless devices (WDs) can be reasonably offloaded to an edge server. However, traditional analysis tools are limited by computational dimensions, which make it difficult to solve the problem efficiently, especially for large-scale WDs. In this study, a novel offloading algorithm known as energy-efficient deep learning-based offloading is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses a new type of deep learning model: multiple-parallel deep neural network. The generated offloading schemes are stored in shared memory, and the optimal scheme is generated by continuous training. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can generate near-optimal offloading schemes efficiently and accurately.
[Retracted] Research on International Law Data Integrity Guarantee Based on Antiterrorism Prediction Algorithm
Authors: Ru Qing Huang
Published: February 2022

In order to improve the quality of international law data, this paper designs a method to ensure the integrity of international law data based on an antiterrorism prediction algorithm. On the basis of introducing random function and deep learning technology, the prediction model set is split through the trusted seed model, the model selection is completed through iterative optimization, and then new terrorism‐related factors are added to obtain the new prediction model set, so as to complete the antiterrorism data prediction. Based on the antiterrorism prediction data obtained by the above process, on the basis of identifying incomplete data, the antiterrorism data integrity guarantee method in international law database is designed through the process of determining data integrity operation parameters, eliminating worthless feature items, processing noise dimension reduction, and adding feature series of data integrity. Experimental results show that the frequency range and data sensitivity of international law data can be optimized by using this method, the audit process of data integrity is less time consuming, and the data integrity after processing can reach 0.967.
The Influence of Different Types of Diabetes on Vascular Complications
Authors: Wei Jiahua , Tian Jiaxing , Tang Cheng , Fang Xinyi , Miao Runyu , Wu Haoran , Wang Xiuge , Tong Xiaolin
Published: February 2022

The final outcome of diabetes is chronic complications, of which vascular complications are the most serious, which is the main cause of death for diabetic patients and the direct cause of the increase in the cost of diabetes. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the main types of diabetes, and their pathogenesis is completely different. Type 1 diabetes is caused by genetics and immunity to destroy a large number of β cells, and insulin secretion is absolutely insufficient, which is more prone to microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is dominated by insulin resistance, leading to atherosclerosis, which is more likely to progress to macrovascular complications. This article explores the pathogenesis of two types of diabetes, analyzes the pathogenesis of different vascular complications, and tries to explain the different trends in the progression of different types of diabetes to vascular complications, in order to better prevent diabetes and its vascular complications.
Judgement of the Clinical Value of Spiral CT Three-Dimensional Reconstruction in the Diagnosis of Lumbar Degenerative Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Zhe , Ju Zhi Qing , Wang Tian Cheng , Xin Li Li
Published: February 2022

With the aging of the population, there are more and more degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine that accompany osteoporosis. Lumbar degenerative osteoporosis has also become fragile and high in incidence, which has also attracted the attention of experts and scientists in related fields. Degeneration of the lumbar spine often causes pain in the waist and surrounding patients and even affects their life safety. The lesions such as the shoulders and lower back often show varying degrees of softening or induration in the fracture line or osteoporosis will directly produce adverse reactions to joint activities and then cause the development and deterioration of various complications. At present, spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology has been widely used in the field of medical imaging and has played a very important role in the diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. Therefore, combined with three-dimensional reconstruction of spiral CT, this paper discusses its clinical value in the diagnosis of lumbar degenerative osteoporosis. In this experiment, in order to understand the image results after three-dimensional reconstruction, five groups of cases were selected for testing. The test items include the whole lesion site, vertebral imaging, soft tissue lesion site, and lumbar lesion site. In addition, in order to understand the clinical value of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of lumbar degenerative osteoporosis, this technique was compared and tested with other imaging methods. The selected imaging methods include X-ray, CT, and MRI. The test items include sensitivity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. To explore the clinical value of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction in the diagnosis of lumbar degenerative osteoporosis, from the experimental results, the relevant image clarity and accuracy of the five groups of cases are high, the image quality after three-dimensional reconstruction is good, and the clarity and accuracy are high. In addition, the sensitivity and accuracy of spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction are higher than those of other imaging methods. It has great clinical value in the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar degenerative osteoporosis.
AI-Based Equipment Optimization of the Design on Intelligent Education Curriculum System
Authors: Peng Tu , Luo Yipin , Liu Yanjin
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence-related technologies, especially the use of big data, an intelligent world is coming. In the era of intelligence, the traditional trading teaching work model is no longer adaptable. If it wants to survive the new wave of technological development, it must carry out a self-revolution in science and technology. This article aims to study the improvement and optimization of the current college education curriculum system by artificial intelligence equipment under the use of big data technology. To this end, this paper proposes a clustering algorithm for data analysis. Through the improvement of the clustering algorithm and using it in the reform of the education system of colleges and universities, the relevant education data is calculated with high performance and fed back to the teacher to improve the teaching method. At the same time, experiments are designed to analyze the performance of the algorithm and the feasibility of the teaching mode. The experimental analysis results in this paper show that the improved data analysis clustering algorithm has improved the data analysis ability in the teaching process by 37%, and the use of big data has increased the teaching quality score of colleges and universities by nearly 1 point. It can well promote the popularization of education informatization in the country and the improvement of teaching quality.
The Mental Health Evaluation System of College Students Based on Data Mining
Authors: Li Peng
Published: February 2022

In order to solve the problems of high misevaluation rate and low work efficiency in the current mental health evaluation process of college students, a mental health evaluation system based on data mining algorithms is proposed. First, analyze the research status of college students’ mental health evaluation and data mining algorithms and build a mental health evaluation system framework; then, collect college students’ mental health questionnaire data, use the Apriori algorithm based on a three-dimensional matrix to analyze and classify, traverse each attribute of each transaction in the two-dimensional matrix, and directly obtain the frequent item set, frequent binomial set, and frequent three-item set by reading the three-dimensional attribute matrix and the mental health evaluation data to obtain mental health intelligent evaluation results. Finally, specific simulation experiments are used to analyze the feasibility and superiority of the mental health intelligent evaluation system. The results show that the system in the article overcomes the shortcomings of the current mental health intelligent evaluation system, improves the accuracy of mental health intelligent evaluation, improves the efficiency of mental health intelligent evaluation, and the system is more stable, which can meet the actual requirements of current college students’ mental health evaluation.
An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Evaluating the Success Rate of Prosthetic Restorations on Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Fathi Amirhossein , Ebadian Behnaz , Dezaki Sara Nasrollahi , Mardasi Nahal , Mosharraf Ramin , Isler Sabire , Tabatabaei Shiva Sadat
Published: February 2022

Statement of the Problem. Various direct and prosthetic restorations are clinically used to restore endodontically treated teeth. However, determining the most successful and reliable treatment to restore endodontically treated teeth is affected by numerous elements and still unclear for most clinicians. Therefore, this umbrella review study assessed the systematic/meta-analytic reviews (S/M-R) regarding the success rate of prosthetic restorations in endodontically treated teeth. Materials and Methods. The electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases until November 2020, regardless of language limitations. The inclusion criterion was as follows: S/M-R regarding prosthetic restorations in endodontically treated teeth. Three qualified researchers evaluated the inclusion criteria and bias risk. The fourth investigator was referred to when facing any doubtfulness. Results. From 43 achieved S/M-R, 14 studies were selected for this inquiry. Primary extracted information included success rate, survival rate, and postendodontic failure rate. Five S/M-R had a moderate risk of bias, and nine S/M-R had a low risk of bias and were considered strong clinical evidence in this examination. According to the low-risk reports, the success rate of fiber posts was higher than that of metal posts; the rate of root fracture in metallic and fiber posts was alike; the failure rate for fiber posts was comparable to fixed partial dentures or single crowns; the construction of endocrowns was likely to perform better than intracanal posts, composite resin, or inlay/onlay restorations. Conclusion. It appears that with practice and experience, deciding which type of restoration to choose changes. In dental restorations associated with root canal therapy, the single crowns are likely to be a proper option. Nevertheless, due to the heterogeneity of the studies, more clinical assessments are required to achieve more specific findings in this field.
Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates in Nepal
Authors: Odari Ranjeeta , Dawadi Prabin
Published: February 2022

Background. Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) are becoming increasingly common over the world. The focus of this research was to get a quantitative assessment of K. pneumoniae and their multidrug resistance (MDR) profile in Nepal. Methods. Three electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research4Life were used to search publications specifying K. pneumoniae infections and/or their MDR status from January 2015 to October 2021. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was followed for the review, and R language 4.1.1 was used for analysis. Depending upon heterogeneity of data, we used random model for pooled data to examine the prevalence of the organism and the multidrug resistance. Results. Evaluation included 16 studies, and the pooled estimation of K. pneumoniae in total clinical samples was 3% (95% CI; 0.01–0.05). In the meta-analysis, 14 studies were combined for determining the prevalence of K. pneumoniae in total positive clinical isolates which was 16% (95% CI: 0.11–0.20), while from 12 research studies, MDR status in the pathogen was found to be 64% (95% CI, 0.53–0.74). Conclusion. The MDR status of K. pneumoniae as well as the prevalence of the bacteria in Nepal was analyzed which showed alarming situation about administration of antibiotics and indicated choosing and developing reliable antibiotic strategies.
Sex-Specific Difference in Outcomes after Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair with MitraClip Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sun Fuqiang , Liu Honghao , Zhang Qi , Zhou Jiawei , Zhan Haibo , Lu Fanfan
Published: February 2022

Background. Implantation of the MitraClip is a safe and effective therapy for mitral valve repair in patients ineligible for surgery or at high risk of adverse surgical outcomes. However, only limited information is available concerning sex differences in transcatheter mitral valve repair. We therefore sought to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies that investigated differences between men and women in outcomes following MitraClip implantation. Methods. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched until November 2019 for studies reporting outcomes after MitraClip implantation in women versus men. Outcomes included all-cause mortality and major complications at 30 days and one year of follow-up. Results. Six studies (n = 1,109 women; n = 1,743 men) were analyzed. At 30 days, women had a similar risk of postoperative complications, such as stroke, major bleeding, and pericardium effusion, without differences in all-cause mortality, procedure success, or MitraClip usage. At one year, the all-cause mortality, the reduction of mitral regurgitation, and the risk of rehospitalization for heart failure were also comparable between male and female patients. Conclusion. Gender disparity was not found in complications or prognosis of patients undergoing MitraClip implantation. This study suggests that gender should not be considered as a critical factor in the selection of patients as candidates for MitraClip implantation of concern during follow-up.