bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional changes in fusional vergence‐related brain areas and correlation with clinical features in intermittent exotropia using functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Weijia , Fei Nanxi , Wang Yachen , Yang Bingbing , Liu Zhihan , Cheng Luyao , Li Junfa , Xian Junfang , Fu Tao
Published: August 2023

To explore the functional changes of the frontal eye field (FEF) and relevant brain regions and its role in the pathogenesis of intermittent exotropia (IXT) children via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty‐four IXT children (mean age, 11.83 ± 1.93 years) and 28 normal control (NC) subjects (mean age, 11.11 ± 1.50 years) were recruited. During fMRI scans, the IXT children and NCs were provided with static visual stimuli (to evoke sensory fusion) and dynamic visual stimuli (to evoke motor fusion and vergence eye movements) with binocular disparity. Brain activation in the relevant brain regions and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Group differences of brain activation and brain‐behavior correlations were investigated. For dynamic and static visual disparity relative to no visual disparity, reduced brain activation in the right FEF and right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), and increased brain activation in the left middle temporal gyrus complex (MT+) were found in the IXT children compared with NCs. Significant positive correlations between the fusional vergence amplitude and the brain activation values were found in the right FEF, right IPL, and left cerebellum in the NC group. Positive correlations between brain activation values and Newcastle Control Scores (NCS) were found in the left MT+ in the IXT group. For dynamic visual disparity relative to static visual disparity, reduced brain activation in the right middle occipital gyrus, left cerebellum, and bilateral IPL was found in the IXT children compared with NCs. Significant positive correlations between brain activation values and the fusional vergence amplitude were found in the right FEF and right cerebellum in the NC group. Negative correlations between brain activation values and NCS were found in the right middle occipital gyrus, right cerebellum, left IPL, and right FEF in the IXT group. These results suggest that the reduced brain activation in the right FEF, left IPL, and cerebellum may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IXT by influencing fusional vergence function. While the increased brain activation in the left MT+ may compensate for this dysfunction in IXT children.
No changes in clinical presentation, treatment strategies and survival of pancreatic cancer cases during the SARS‐COV‐2 outbreak: A retrospective multicenter cohort study on real‐world data
Authors: Kempf Emmanuelle , Priou Sonia , Lamé Guillaume , Laurent Alexis , Guével Etienne , Tzedakis Stylianos , Bey Romain , Fuks David , Chatellier Gilles , Tannier Xavier , Galula Gilles , Flicoteaux Rémi , Daniel Christel , Tournigand Christophe ,   the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP‐HP) Cancer Group, a Cancer Research Application on Big Data (CRAB) Initiative
Published: August 2023

The SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems. We assessed its impact on the presentation, care trajectories and outcomes of new pancreatic cancers (PCs) in the Paris area. We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study on the data warehouse of Greater Paris University Hospitals (AP‐HP). We identified all patients newly referred with a PC between January 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021, and excluded endocrine tumors. Using claims data and health records, we analyzed the timeline of care trajectories, the initial tumor stage, the treatment categories: pancreatectomy, exclusive systemic therapy or exclusive best supportive care (BSC). We calculated patients' 1‐year overall survival (OS) and compared indicators in 2019 and 2020 to 2021. We included 2335 patients. Referral fell by 29% during the first lockdown. The median time from biopsy and from first MDM to treatment were 25 days (16‐50) and 21 days (11‐40), respectively. Between 2019 and 2020 to 2021, the rate of metastatic tumors (36% vs 33%, P = .39), the pTNM distribution of the 464 cases with upfront tumor resection (P = .80), and the proportion of treatment categories did not vary: tumor resection (32% vs 33%), exclusive systemic therapy (49% vs 49%), exclusive BSC (19% vs 19%). The 1‐year OS rates in 2019 vs 2020 to 2021 were 92% vs 89% (aHR = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.82‐2.48), 52% vs 56% (aHR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.73‐1.08), 13% vs 10% (aHR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.78‐1.25), in the treatment categories, respectively. Despite an initial decrease in the number of new PCs, we did not observe any stage shift. OS did not vary significantly.
Methylation testing for the detection of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Dick Stèfanie , Heideman Daniëlle A. M. , Mom Constantijne H. , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Berkhof Johannes , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Bleeker Maaike C. G.
Published: August 2023

Women treated for CIN2/3 remain at increased risk of recurrent CIN and cervical cancer, and therefore posttreatment surveillance is recommended. This post hoc analysis evaluates the potential of methylation markers ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 for posttreatment detection of recurrent CIN2/3. Cervical scrapes taken at 6 and 12 months posttreatment of 364 women treated for CIN2/3 were tested for methylation of ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 using quantitative multiplex methylation‐specific PCR. Performance of the methylation tests were calculated and compared with the performance of HPV and/or cytology. Methylation levels of recurrent CIN were compared between women with a persistent HPV infection, and women with an incident HPV infection or without HPV infection. Recurrent CIN2/3 was detected in 42 women (11.5%), including 28 women with CIN2 and 14 with CIN3. ASCL1/LHX8 tested positive in 13/14 (92.9%) of recurrent CIN3 and 13/27 (48.1%) of recurrent CIN2. FAM19A4/miR124‐2 tested positive in 14/14 (100%) of recurrent CIN3 and 10/27 (37.0%) of recurrent CIN2. Combined HPV and/or methylation testing showed similar positivity rates as HPV and/or cytology. The CIN2/3 risk at 12 months posttreatment was 30.8% after a positive ASCL1/LHX8 result at 6 months posttreatment. Methylation levels of CIN2/3 in women with a persistent HPV infection were significantly higher compared with women with an incident or no HPV infection. In conclusion, posttreatment monitoring by methylation analysis of ASCL1/LHX8 and FAM19A4/miR124‐2 showed a good performance for the detection of recurrent CIN. DNA methylation testing can help to identify women with recurrent CIN that require re‐treatment.
Two cases of prostate cancer with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow treated with novel hormonal agents
Authors: Nozaki Keina , Matsushima Hisashi , Obikane Hiyo , Nishimoto Ryohei , Tanaka Ryo , Morishige Takeru , Masuda Tomoko , Kume Haruki
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow in prostate cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis. Although strong evidence suggests that novel hormonal agents improve the prognosis of metastatic prostate cancer, their effectiveness in cases of disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow remains unclear.

Case presentation

We encountered two cases of prostate cancer with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow at the time of initial diagnosis. One patient was treated with enzalutamide, abiraterone, docetaxel, cabazitaxel, denosumab, and radium‐223 and died 38 months after the initial diagnosis. The other patient was treated with apalutamide and denosumab, and had progression‐free survival for 17 months after the initial diagnosis.

Conclusion

These results suggest that novel hormonal agents may improve the prognosis of prostate cancer even in patients with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow.
Patient–dental student provider communication in an academic dental clinic setting: A dyadic data analysis
Authors: Morris Melanie , Atterbury Elizabeth , Minichetti Cara , Santos Noemy , Farrell Alexandria , Hanel Alyssa , Porras Mariana , Leak Kathryne , Tepper Lynn , Whalen Stacey , Kunzel Carol
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Patient–dentist communication is an inherently dyadic social process; however, it is rarely regarded as such in research and pedagogy. This study utilizes a dyadic data analysis approach to study patient–dental student provider communication in an academic dental clinic.

Procedures

Using pairwise data collected from patient–dental student provider dyads, we conducted unadjusted and adjusted actor–partner interdependence models to examine the association of intrapersonal (actor) and interpersonal (partner) effects of three communication skills on the assessment of appointment interaction among patient–dental student provider dyads in a pre‐doctoral comprehensive care academic dental clinic setting.

Main findings

Actor effects were most evident among the associations in the study. Dental student providers’ assessment of their own shared decision‐making predicted positive changes in their overall interaction assessment in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models. Patients’ ratings of their dental student provider's capability/confidence predicted positive changes in their overall interaction assessment in both unadjusted and adjusted models.

Conclusions

This study suggests that dental students and their patients are primarily impacted by actor perspectives regarding dental student communication and its impact on the assessment of their respective overall appointment interaction. Findings suggest a need for the incorporation of interpersonal skill building in collaboration with patients to strengthen the communication skills and practice of dental students.
Food insecurity is associated with lower diet quality among dental students
Authors: Marshall Teresa A. , Laurence Brian , Qian Fang , Robinson‐Warner Gillian , Handoo Nidhi , Anderson Cari
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Food insecurity is associated with lower diet quality, adverse health outcomes, and academic difficulty among undergraduate students. The objective was to identify the relationship between food security status and diet quality in dental students.

Methods

All dental students attending Howard University (n = 286) or the University of Iowa (n = 326) during the fall 2021 semester were invited to complete a cross‐sectional survey designed to query demographics, food security status (i.e., United States Department of Agriculture's ten item Adult Food Security Module), and diet quality (i.e., short Healthy Eating Index). The survey was administered using the Qualtrics platform.

Results

Response rates were similar for Howard (32.5%) and Iowa (29.4%). Students with food insecurity (46.0%) were slightly older and more likely to be Black or other, first generation professional/graduate students, and receive financial aid than peers with food security (p < 0.050). Food insecurity was associated with lower intakes of fruits and vegetables (p ≤ 0.005), higher intakes of added sugars (p < 0.001), and lower diet quality (p = 0.003). In linear regression analyses that controlled for other variables, food insecurity (p = 0.012), school site (p = 0.027), and gender (p = 0.039) were predictive of lower diet quality.

Conclusions

The inability to procure adequate and appropriate foods was associated with marginal dietary habits (i.e., less than ideal food choices and eating behaviors) and lower diet quality in dental students. Both marginal dietary habits and lower diet quality increase chronic disease risk and may present a barrier to academic success. Addressing food insecurity among dental students is necessary to ensure equitable opportunities for a healthy workforce in the future.
HLA haplotype frequencies and diversity in patients with hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Scigliuolo Graziana M. , Boukouaci Wahid , Cappelli Barbara , Volt Fernanda , Rivera Franco Monica M. , Dhédin Nathalie , de Latour Regis Peffault , Devalck Christine , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Castelle Martin , Hermine Olivier , Chardin Marie Ouachée , Poiré Xavier , Brichard Bénédicte , Paillard Catherine , Rafii Hanadi , Kenzey Chantal , Wu Ching‐Lien , Bouassida Jihène , Robin Marie , Raus Nicole , Rocha Vanderson , Ruggeri Annalisa , Gluckman Eliane , Tamouza Ryad ,   Eurocord and Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC)
Published: August 2023

The genetic diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system was shaped by evolutionary constraints exerted by environmental factors. Analyzing HLA diversity may allow understanding of the underlying pathways and offer useful tools in transplant setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the HLA haplotype diversity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD, N = 282) or β‐thalassemia (β‐Thal, N = 60), who received hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reported to Eurocord and the Société Francophone de Greffe de Moelle et de Thérapie Cellulaire (SFGM‐TC). We identified 405 different HLA‐A‐B‐DRB1 haplotypes in SCD and 108 in β‐Thal patients. Using data from African and European populations of the “1000 Genomes Project” for comparison with SCD and β‐Thal, respectively, we found that the haplotypes HLA‐A*30‐B*14‐DRB1*15 (OR 7.87, 95% CI: 1.66–37.3, pb = 0.035), HLA‐A*23‐B*08 (OR 6.59, 95% CI: 1.8–24.13, pb = 0.023), and HLA‐B*14‐DRB1*15 (OR 10.74, 95% CI: 3.66–31.57, pb = 0.000) were associated with SCD, and the partial haplotypes HLA‐A*30‐B*13 and HLA‐A*68‐B*53 were associated with β‐Thal (OR 4.810, 95% CI: 1.55–14.91, pb = 0.033, and OR 17.52, 95% CI: 2.81–184.95, pb = 0.011). Our results confirm the extreme HLA genetic diversity in SCD patients likely due to their African ancestry. This diversity seems less accentuated in patients with β‐Thal. Our findings emphasize the need to expand inclusion of donors of African descent in HCT donor registries and cord blood banks.
Offence, offender, and victim characteristics in South Korean filicides, 1948–1962: A descriptive study
Authors: Shon Leah C. J. , Shon Phillip C.
Published: August 2023

Filicide is defined as the killing of children from birth to age 18 by a natural or step‐parent. The legal definition of filicide in Korea does not impose such age limits. Although families in contemporary Korea are nuclear in structure, they were multigenerational prior to the industrialisation that occurred during the second half of the twentieth century. While psychiatric and evolutionary theories have been predominantly used in the filicide literature, prior works have neglected to examine how culture shapes violence against one’s offspring. This paper explores the offence, offender, and victim characteristics in South Korean filicides (1948–1962) through a content analysis of a major newspaper (Chosun Ilbo). Results indicate that filicides occur in one‐on‐one contexts, primarily carried out by biological parents against their offspring while adoptive children appeared as victims due to the genealogical customs practiced in Korean society. Results indicate that more than 12% of filicide victims are adults. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Biochemical characterization of patients with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Wongkittichote Parith , Cuddapah Sanmati R. , Master Stephen R. , Grange Dorothy K. , Dietzen Dennis , Roper Stephen M. , Ganetzky Rebecca D.
Published: August 2023

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD; E3) oxidizes lipoic acid. Restoring the oxidized state allows lipoic acid to act as a necessary electron sink for the four mitochondrial keto‐acid dehydrogenases: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, branched‐chain α‐keto‐acid dehydrogenase, and 2‐oxoadipate dehydrogenase. DLD deficiency (DLDD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in DLD. Three major forms have been described: encephalopathic, hepatic, and myopathic, although DLDD patients exhibit overlapping phenotypes. Hyperlactatemia, hyperexcretion of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites and branched‐chain keto acids, increased plasma branched‐chain amino acids and allo‐isoleucine are intermittent metabolic abnormalities reported in patients with DLDD. However, the diagnostic performance of these metabolites has never been studied. Therefore, we sought to systematically evaluate the diagnostic utility of these biomarkers for DLDD. We retrospectively analyzed the results of biochemical testing of six unrelated DLDD patients, including values obtained during both well visits and acute decompensation episodes. Elevation of branched‐chain amino acid concentrations was not consistently observed. We found that five of six patients in our cohort had a maximum lifetime value of allo‐isoleucine of 6 μmol/L, showing that alloisoleucine elevations even during illness may be subtle. Urine organic acid analysis (UOA) during acute decompensation episodes was abnormal in all cases; however, the pattern of abnormalities had high intersubject variability. No single biomarker was universally present, even in patients experiencing metabolic decompensation. We also observed novel biochemical associations: three patients had hyperexcretion of TCA cycle metabolites during crisis; in two patients, 2‐ketoadipic and 2‐hydroxyadipic acids, by products of lysine degradation, were detected. We propose that these result from 2‐oxoadipate dehydrogenase deficiency, an underappreciated biochemical abnormality in DLD. Given the diversity of biochemical profiles among the patients with DLDD, we conclude that accurate biochemical diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion and multipronged biochemical analysis, including both plasma amino acid and urine organic acid quantitation during decompensation. Biochemical diagnosis during the well state is challenging. We emphasize the critical importance of multiple simultaneous biochemical tests for diagnosis and monitoring of DLDD. We also highlight the under‐recognized role of DLD in the lysine degradation pathway. Larger cohorts of patients are needed to establish a correlation between the biochemical pattern and clinical outcomes, as well as a genotype–phenotype correlation.
Optimising the MR‐Linac as a standard treatment modality
Authors: de Leon Jeremy , Twentyman Tania , Carr Madeline , Jameson Michael , Batumalai Vikneswary
Published: August 2023

The magnetic resonance linear accelerator (MR‐Linac) offers a new treatment paradigm, providing improved visualisation of targets and organs at risk while allowing for daily adaptation of treatment plans in real time. Online MR‐guided adaptive treatment has reduced treatment uncertainties; however, the additional treatment time and resource requirements may be a concern. We present our experience of integrating an MR‐Linac into a busy department and provide recommendations for improved clinical and resource efficiency. Furthermore, we discuss potential future technological innovations that can further optimise clinical productivity in a busy department.
Effectiveness of prolonged versus standard‐course of oseltamivir in critically ill patients with severe influenza infection: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Moreno Gerard , Carbonell Raquel , Díaz Emili , Martín‐Loeches Ignacio , Restrepo Marcos I. , Reyes Luis F. , Solé‐Violán Jordi , Bodí María , Canadell Laura , Guardiola Juan , Trefler Sandra , Vidaur Loreto , Papiol Elisabeth , Socias Lorenzo , Correig Eudald , Marín‐Corral Judith , Rodríguez Alejandro ,   the GETGAG Working Group
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of prolonged versus standard course oseltamivir treatment among critically ill patients with severe influenza. A retrospective study of a prospectively collected database including adults with influenza infection admitted to 184 intensive care units (ICUs) in Spain from 2009 to 2018. Prolonged oseltamivir was defined if patients received the treatment beyond 5 days, whereas the standard‐course group received oseltamivir for 5 days. The primary outcome was all‐cause ICU mortality. Propensity score matching (PSM) was constructed, and the outcome was investigated through Cox regression and RCSs. Two thousand three hundred and ninety‐seven subjects were included, of whom 1943 (81.1%) received prolonged oseltamivir and 454 (18.9%) received standard treatment. An optimal full matching algorithm was performed by matching 2171 patients, 1750 treated in the prolonged oseltamivir group and 421 controls in the standard oseltamivir group. After PSM, 387 (22.1%) patients in the prolonged oseltamivir and 119 (28.3%) patients in the standard group died (p = 0.009). After adjusting confounding factors, prolonged oseltamivir significantly reduced ICU mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–0.69). Prolonged oseltamivir may have protective effects on survival at Day 10 compared with a standard treatment course. Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings. Compared with standard treatment, prolonged oseltamivir was associated with reduced ICU mortality in critically ill patients with severe influenza. Clinicians should consider extending the oseltamivir treatment duration to 10 days, particularly in higher‐risk groups of prolonged viral shedding. Further randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
Comparison of images obtained using four dermoscope imaging devices: An observational study
Authors: Togawa Yaei , Yamamoto Yosuke , Matsue Hiroyuki
Published: August 2023

Background

In clinical practice, the quality of images may vary depending on the imaging device, and the focus of the dermoscope is on the superficial layer of the lesion. Therefore, it is desirable to have a dermoscopy device that can easily focus on any lesion and clearly show the findings.

Objectives

We conducted a clinical study to compare dermoscopic images of the same skin tumours obtained using a prototype dermoscopy camera, DZ‐D100 (DD, Casio Computer Co., Ltd.), and three existing dermoscopy imaging devices (Derma9500S®‐GR or DG, Derma Medical Inc.; DELTA 20® T or DT, HEINE Optotechnik; and DermLite Foto II Pro® or DF, DermLite LLC).

Methods

Dermoscopic images of 117 skin tumours from 94 patients who visited Chiba University Hospital were evaluated by two experts in terms of the focus, and the clarity and presence or absence (the primary endpoint) of seven findings (pigmented lines, shiny white lines, dots/globules, blue‐grey structures, vascular structures, milia‐like cysts and comedo‐like openings).

Results

No significant differences in the number of cases with each of the seven findings (pigmented lines, shiny white lines, dots/globules, blue‐grey structures, vascular structures, milia‐like cysts and comedo‐like openings) among the four groups were observed. The clarity of focus was significantly better with the DD than with the other three devices (all, p < 0.05). Pigmented lines were significantly clearer with the DD than with the DF and DT (all, p < 0.05). A strong correlation was found between the focus and clarity of pigmented lines/globules, blue‐grey structures and vascular structures (all, p < 0.005).

Conclusions

DD was less affected by elevated lesions and was considered to be the easiest to focus and recognize brown to black lines and dots/globules. The well‐focused captured images are also expected to be applied to diagnosis by artificial intelligence.
Murine Pro‐Inflammatory Responses to Acute and Sustained Intermittent Hypoxia: Implications for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Authors: Koritala Bala S. C. , Gaspar Laetitia S. , Bhadri Shweta S. , Massie Kyla S. , Lee Yin Yeng , Paulose Jiffin , Smith David F.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation; however, the mechanisms underlying these pathologic consequences are incompletely understood. Our objective was to determine the effects of short‐ versus long‐term exposure to intermittent hypoxia (IH) on pro‐inflammatory mediators within vulnerable organs impacted by OSA.

Study Design

Experimental animal study.

Methods

A total of 8–10 week old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to normoxic or IH conditions for 7 days (short‐term) or 6 weeks (long‐term) under 12 h light, 12 h dark cycles. After exposure, multiple tissues were collected over a 24 h period. These tissues were processed and evaluated for gene expression and protein levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators from peripheral tissues.

Results

We observed a global decrease in immune response pathways in the heart, lung, and liver compared with other peripheral organs after short‐term exposure to IH. Although there were tissue‐specific alterations in the gene expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators, with down‐regulation in the lung and up‐regulation in the heart, we also observed reduced protein levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators in the serum, lung, and heart following short‐term exposure to IH. Long‐term exposure to IH resulted in an overall increase in the levels of inflammatory mediators in the serum, lung, and heart.

Conclusions

We demonstrated novel, longitudinal changes in the inflammatory cascade in a mouse model of OSA. The duration of exposure to IH led to significant variability of inflammatory responses within blood and cardiopulmonary tissues. Our findings further elucidate how inflammatory responses change over the course of the disease in vulnerable organs.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 134:S1–S11, 2024
Bisimulations and bisimulation games between Verbrugge models
Authors: Horvat Sebastijan , Perkov Tin , Vuković Mladen
Published: August 2023

Interpretability logic is a modal formalization of relative interpretability between first‐order arithmetical theories. Verbrugge semantics is a generalization of Veltman semantics, the basic semantics for interpretability logic. Bisimulation is the basic equivalence between models for modal logic. We study various notions of bisimulation between Verbrugge models and develop a new one, which we call w‐bisimulation. We show that the new notion, while keeping the basic property that bisimilarity implies modal equivalence, is weak enough to allow the converse to hold in the finitary case. To do this, we develop and use an appropriate notion of bisimulation games between Verbrugge models.
Spectral heat content on a class of fractal sets for subordinate killed Brownian motions
Authors: Park Hyunchul , Xiao Yimin
Published: August 2023

We study the spectral heat content for a class of open sets with fractal boundaries determined by similitudes in , , with respect to subordinate killed Brownian motions via ‐stable subordinators and establish the asymptotic behavior of the spectral heat content as for the full range of . Our main theorems show that these asymptotic behaviors depend on whether the sequence of logarithms of the coefficients of the similitudes is arithmetic when , where is the interior Minkowski dimension of the boundary of the open set. The main tools for proving the theorems are the previous results on the spectral heat content for Brownian motions and the renewal theorem.
Some motivic properties of Gushel–Mukai sixfolds
Authors: Bolognesi Michele , Laterveer Robert
Published: August 2023

Gushel–Mukai (GM) sixfolds are an important class of so‐called Fano‐K3 varieties. In this paper, we show that they admit a multiplicative Chow–Künneth decomposition modulo algebraic equivalence and that they have the Franchetta property. As side results, we show that double Eisenbud‐Popescu‐Walter (EPW) sextics and cubes have the Franchetta property, modulo algebraic equivalence, and some vanishing results for the Chow ring of GM sixfolds.
Managing mass customization products with modular design for recycling in a closed‐loop supply chain
Authors: Jiang Lan
Published: August 2023

Investing in the modular architecture design for mass customization (MC) products cannot only enable product variety, thereby improving MC ability to cope with consumer individual needs, but also increase the product interchangeability, thereby reducing the recycling and remanufacturing costs. This paper considers a closed‐loop supply chain (CLSC) with MC, in which the manufacturer sells the new, modular MC products via the retailer and also actively recycles the used ones for remanufacturing. We study the optimal modularity level for new MC products and the best recycling channel for used MC products in a CLSC. One centralized and two decentralized recycling decision models are formulated, and then the equilibrium solutions among proposed models are compared and analyzed. The government subsidy and channel leadership are further discussed in extension. Different from the traditional view that outsourcing the recycling activity to retailer is best because of its proximity to consumers, our results suggest that the manufacturer directly recycling used MC products can be optimal in terms of modularity level, recycling rate, supply chain profits, total social surplus, and decision‐making speed.
Genome‐Wide Meta‐Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Cohorts
Authors: Ta Michael , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Antar Tarek , Leonard Hampton L. , Singleton Andrew B. , Nalls Mike A. , Iwaki Hirotaka ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI); and the Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers
Published: August 2023

Background

Amyloid‐β, phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), and total tau (t‐tau) in cerebrospinal fluid are established biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), these biomarkers have also been found to be altered, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for these alterations are still under investigation. Moreover, the interplay between these mechanisms and the diverse underlying disease states remains to be elucidated.

Objective

To investigate genetic contributions to the AD biomarkers and assess the commonality and heterogeneity of the associations per underlying disease status.

Methods

We conducted genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) for the AD biomarkers on subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, the Fox Investigation for New Discovery of Biomarkers, and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and meta‐analyzed with the largest AD GWAS. We tested heterogeneity of associations of interest between different disease statuses (AD, PD, and control).

Results

We observed three GWAS signals: the APOE locus for amyloid‐β, the 3q28 locus between GEMC1 and OSTN for p‐tau and t‐tau, and the 7p22 locus (top hit: rs60871478, an intronic variant for DNAAF5, also known as HEATR2) for p‐tau. The 7p22 locus is novel and colocalized with the brain DNAAF5 expression. Although no heterogeneity from underlying disease status was observed for the earlier GWAS signals, some disease risk loci suggested disease‐specific associations with these biomarkers.

Conclusions

Our study identified a novel association at the intronic region of DNAAF5 associated with increased levels of p‐tau across all diseases. We also observed some disease‐specific genetic associations with these biomarkers. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Tremor in Parkinson's Disease: Outcomes in a Large, Prospective Cohort
Authors: Chua Melissa M.J. , Blitz Sarah E. , Ng Patrick R. , Segar David J. , McDannold Nathan J. , White P. Jason , Christie Sarah , Hayes Michael T. , Rolston John D. , Cosgrove G. Rees
Published: August 2023

Background

Magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is United States Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of tremor‐dominant Parkinson's disease (TdPD), but only limited studies have been described in practice.

Objectives

To report the largest prospective experience of unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy for the treatment of medically refractory TdPD.

Methods

Clinical outcomes of 48 patients with medically refractory TdPD who underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy were evaluated. Tremor outcomes were assessed using the Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin scale and adverse effects were categorized using a structured questionnaire and clinical exam at 1 month (n = 44), 3 months (n = 34), 1 year (n = 22), 2 years (n = 5), and 3 years (n = 2). Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging <24 hours post‐procedure.

Results

Significant tremor control persisted at all follow‐ups (P < 0.001). All side effects were mild. At 3 months, these included gait imbalance (38.24%), sensory deficits (26.47%), motor weakness (17.65%), dysgeusia (5.88%), and dysarthria (5.88%), with some persisting at 1 year.

Conclusions

MRgFUS thalamotomy is an effective treatment for sustained tremor control in patients with TdPD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Education Liaison improves implementation of school accommodations for students with sickle cell disease
Authors: McGlynn Mary Claire , Gilliam Aisha , Pierson Suzanne K. , Hulbert Monica L.
Published: August 2023

Background

Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) have lower academic attainment than healthy peers. Many benefit from neuropsychological testing (NPT) and educational accommodations, including Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and Section 504 plans (504s). Despite medical barriers to academic attainment, many children with SCD do not receive indicated NPT or accommodations.

Objective

We hypothesize that a dedicated Education Liaison (EL) embedded in the SCD team increases implementation of NPT and accommodations.

Study design

This retrospective study included children aged 5–20 years with SCD receiving care at a single center from 2017 through 2020. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed.

Results

Total 316 children with SCD were included. At baseline, 52.8% had accommodations (IEP: 24.4%, 504: 38.0%). The EL interacted with 62.0% of children. Children with EL contact were more likely to undergo NPT (odds ratio [OR]: 5.385), have an IEP (OR: 4.580), and have a 504 (OR: 2.038) (p < .001 for all). At the end of the study period, 64.6% had accommodations (IEP: 33.5%, 504: 54.4%), which increased from baseline (p < .001 for all). EL interaction was associated with overt or silent stroke history (OR: 1.911), acute chest syndrome history (OR: 2.257), hospitalizations since age 5 (OR: 3.216), and hospitalization for vaso‐occlusive pain since age 5 (OR: 2.226) (p < .001 for all).

Conclusion

EL interaction improves access to NPT and educational accommodations among children with SCD. SCD centers should incorporate ELs in comprehensive care teams to improve access to appropriate educational accommodations.
Improvement in Monterey pine of the flame retardancy, thermal conductivity, and mechanical performance through incorporating functional epoxy resin
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Leng Yang , Wang Ruiping , Xu Miaojun , Sun Yue , Li Bin
Published: August 2023

Monterey pine is a renewable biomass resources with structural and chemical characteristics, but is limited by its flammability, poor mechanical properties, and subpar thermal conductivity (TC). Herein, a thermal conductive and flame retardant the multifunction epoxy resin (MEP) prepolymer was injected into the Monterey pine and subsequently cured. The results showed that impregnated MEP Monterey pine, maintained its original cellular structure under applied loads compared to pristine Monterey pine, thus, giving the composite wood better mechanical integrity than its neat counterpart, which served as thermally conductive pathways within the composites. The TC was measured to be 0.12 Wm−1 K−1 for pristine Monterey pine. Whereas, the infiltrated MEP/wood composite yielded a TC of 0.94 Wm−1 K−1 which correlates to a 683.3% enhancement. Besides, the tensile strength of the prepared composites in the longitudinal and radial directions were observed to be 75.0 and 21.7 MPa, and increased by 63.4% and 152.3% compared to that of pristine Monterey pine, respectively. Combustion tests revealed that the Monterey pine/MEP composites self‐extinguished after ignition and departing from the flame source while the pristine Monterey pine did not. It was deduced that the TC, fire retardancy, and mechanical performance of Monterey pine were simultaneously improved by injecting the multifunctional epoxy resin prepolymer, which provide a wide application potential in heat dissipation furniture field.

Highlights

The multifunction epoxy enhanced the multiple performance of Monterey pine.

The wood composite yielded a high thermal conductivity.

Monterey pine/MEP composites managed to self‐extinguish after ignition.
Solid particle erosion and scratch behavior of novel scrap carbon fiber/glass fabric/polyamide 6.6 hybrid composites
Authors: Kocoglu Hurol , Korkusuz Orkan Baran , Ozzaim Pelin , Kodal Mehmet , Altan M. Cengiz , Sinmazcelik Tamer , Ozcelik Babur , Ozkoc Guralp
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the tribological performance of hybrid composites composed of scrap carbon fiber (CF), glass fabric (GF), and polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) through an innovative approach for reusing scrap CFs in high‐value composite structures. The experimental setup included CF/GF/PA6.6 hybrid composite laminates with varying CF contents and surface‐modified GFs, as well as PA6.6 sheets and GF/PA6.6 composite laminates. Solid particle erosion and scratch tests were conducted to assess the influence of scrap CF hybridization and GF surface modification on the tribological properties of the composites. The results demonstrated that neat PA6.6 sheets exhibited the lowest erosion rate, while the incorporation of CF and GF reinforcements had a detrimental effect on erosion resistance. The highest erosion rate was observed within the impact angle range of 15°–30° for pure PA6.6 sheets, whereas for composite laminates, it occurred within the range of 30°–45°. In contrast, CFs positively affected scratch hardness despite their negative impact on erosion resistance. Additionally, the silane treatment of GFs, which enhanced interfacial strength, improved the erosion resistance and scratch hardness of GF/PA6.6 composite laminates without CF. Profilometer‐based topographic analysis revealed a correlation between the average surface roughness of the eroded surfaces and the weight loss resulting from solid particle erosion.
Potential drug–drug interactions among U.S. adults treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir: A cross‐sectional study of the National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3C)
Authors: Xiao Xuya , Mehta Hemalkumar B. , Curran Jill , Garibaldi Brian T. , Alexander G. Caleb ,   National Covid Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Consortium
Published: August 2023

Study Objective

To estimate the prevalence of potential moderate to severe drug–drug interactions (DDIs) involving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, identify interacting medications, and evaluate risk factors associated with potential DDIs.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Data Source

Electronic health records from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative Enclave, one of the largest COVID‐19 data resources in the United States.

Patients

Outpatients aged ≥18 years and started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir between December 23, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Intervention

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Measurements

The outcome is potential moderate to severe DDIs, defined as starting interacting medications reported by National Institutes of Health 30 days before or 10 days after starting nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Main Results

Of 3214 outpatients who started nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, the mean age was 56.8 ± 17.1 years, 39.5% were male, and 65.8% were non‐Hispanic white. Overall, 521 (16.2%) were potentially exposed to at least one moderate to severe DDI, most commonly to atorvastatin (19.2% of all DDIs), hydrocodone (14.0%), or oxycodone (14.0%). After adjustment for covariates, potential DDIs were more likely among individuals who were older (odds ratio [OR] 1.16 per 10‐year increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.25), male (OR 1.36, CI 1.09–1.71), smokers (OR 1.38, CI 1.10–1.73), on more co‐medications (OR 1.35, CI 1.31–1.39), and with a history of solid organ transplant (OR 3.63, CI 2.05–6.45).

Conclusions

One in six of individuals receiving nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were at risk of a potential moderate or severe DDI, underscoring the importance of clinical and pharmacy systems to mitigate such risks.
Engineering hollow covalent organic framework particle through self‐templated crystallization
Authors: Zheng Zhenqian , Yang Yuhao , Chen Di , Wang Song , Li Qiulin , Zhang Ziyang , Li Wei , Chen Bajin , Wang Wen‐Jun , Liu Pingwei
Published: August 2023

Nano/microparticles with hollow structures have many applications in various fields. However, engineering hollow covalent organic framework (COF) particles in a simple and efficient manner remains a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a self‐template crystallization method to prepare imine‐based COF microparticles with tailored shell thickness and high crystallinity. This method involves the post‐transformation of amorphous microparticles in a highly reversible reaction system containing monofunctional competitors. The amorphous precursors with high‐Gibbs free energy decompose and reconstruct to form highly crystalline COFs in situ on the particle surface. This process allows for the preparation of various Schiff‐base COF particles with good crystallinity and tailored hollow structures, with diameters ranging from 120 to 680 nm and shell thicknesses of 27–96 nm. These COF particles have well‐defined micropore sizes centered between 1.0 and 4.0 nm and a high‐specific surface area of up to 543 m2 g−1. The resulted COF particles could be used to support ethylene oligomerization catalysts for improving their activity and selectivity, that is, the mass fraction of α‐olefins above C10 increased from almost zero to 52.7% after COF supporting. Our method thus provides an efficient way to precisely tailor the microstructure and morphology of COF materials for advanced applications.
5.2: Durability test methods on E‐paper and flexible displays
Authors: Weinhold Wolfgang P. , Wang Helen
Published: August 2023

This paper will introduce the latest development on two testing protocols on E‐paper displays and Flexible displays in terms of the durability, reliable and functionality.

It is applicable for the developer and producer of displays, films, flexible OLED, the integration provider and the overall product OEM.
8.3: A Method for Measuring Droplet Volume of Electrospray Deposition Based on AdaBoost Regression
Authors: Pan Fei , Hu Chao , Lei Chunyao , Chen Jiankui
Published: August 2023

OLED (organic light‐emitting diode) displays have become the next generation of mainstream display technology due to their high luminous efficiency and flexibility, and the manufacturing technology of OLEDs has a critical impact on their longevity and display quality. ESD (Electrospray Deposition) is an innovative technique to achieve micron‐scale membrane structures to meet the requirements for effective manufacturing of organic TFE (thin film encapsulation) layers for use in organic light‐emitting diode displays. Measuring array droplet deposition volume produced by Electrostatic Spray Deposition plays a vital role in the consistency control of film thickness.

This paper presents a method for measuring the deposition volume of array droplets. The volume of the deposited droplets is estimated by establishing the mapping relationship between a large number of deposition variables (including the print parameters and the features of the deposited droplets) and the volume. This paper uses a data set containing 427 samples to build a machine learning (ML) model. The AdaBoost regressor is selected to ensure accuracy and avoid overfitting. Based on this measurement method, a deposition droplet measurement system (DDMS) is established, and the performance of the proposed method is verified. The results show that volume prediction performance (R2) reached 0.96, the regression volume error is about 0.51%, and the average time for each droplet measured is 0.5ms.is
14.1: Near‐eye light field display based on biological stereoscopic vision
Authors: Zhao Jian , Xia Jun , Xu Yue , Jiang Yujin
Published: August 2023

Near‐eye display technology can provide users with an immersive visual experience. However, there are still
many challenges in this technology, the most urgent of which is visual comfort. The main reason is that the display device
cannot render the correct depth cues to solve the conflict between the human eye's radial angle and adjustment, resulting in
dizziness, nausea, binocular fatigue and other problems for users to use for a long time. In this paper, we will analyze and
review the technical schemes which can provide accurate or near‐accurate depth clues in the current near‐eye display
technology.
16.1: Characteristics of Ln‐doped IZO TFT according to the Change of Indium concentration for DeMUX Applications
Authors: Seo Hyun-Sik , Gong Cheng , Cai Zhihui , Jiang Zhixiong , Li Shan , Xiao Jun Cheng , ZHANG Xin , Zhao Bin , Yan Xiaolin
Published: August 2023

In order to narrow the bezel in high‐end IT and
tablets, using switching circuit de‐multiplexer (DeMUX)
reduces the number of source D/IC, making small LCD
module available. In this study, new oxide TFT material,
Ln‐doped InZnO (Ln‐IZO), has been developed. To
achieve mobility of > 25cm2 /V.s, study focused on the
effect of Indium (In) concentration on the fabrication of
Ln‐IZO sputtering target, and fabricated the DeMUX‐equipped 14 inch FHD driven by gate on array (GOA).
18.3: Invited Paper: Efficiency Enhanced Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Comprising Micro‐lens Array
Authors: You Juanjuan , Yu Donghui , Cui Ying , Shen Yongqi , Wang Linlin , Quan Wei , Bo Bin , Zhang Yue , Bian Menghua , Dai Qing , Yan Guang , Shih Huai-Ting , Yu Jianwei
Published: August 2023

We report a highly enhanced light extraction from a top emission
organic light emitting diode with little image blurring. Integration
of a high refractive index micro lens array on the top of the
transparent indium zinc oxide top electrode of a green and blue
OLED shows a significant EQE gain of 16% and 8%, respectively.
41.2: High Stability Quantum Dot Composites for Mini LED backlighting
Authors: Xie Hongxing , Zeng Zhengyu , Ye Yun , Chen Enguo , Xu Sheng , Li Yang , Guo Tailiang
Published: August 2023

This paper reports a kind of high stability QD composites and their use for Mini LED backlighting. The high stability QD composites was characterized by core‐shell‐shell, expressed as CSS in the following. Mesoporous silica spheres (MSSs), as the cores, were used to adsorb QDs as the first shell; after that, the QD‐adsorbed silica spheres were coated by a silica or alumina oxide layer as the second shell. The QD composite was finally demonstrated with a Mini LED backlighting.
44.2: Effects of ipRGCs on Pupil Light Reflex and Perceived Brightness in Different Lighting Environment
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyang , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Zhu Nianfang , Chang Yuanlong
Published: August 2023

The effect of ipRGCs on pupillary light reflex in lighting environments with different color temperatures and illuminances was investigated and the perceived brightness of each lighting environment was evaluated. Results showed that melanopsin had a significant influence on the amplitude and duration of pupil contraction as well as pupil recovery, and the lighting environment with high color temperature and high melanopsin illuminance could enhance the perceived brightness.