bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Koordination der Forschung an Hochschulambulanzen für Psychotherapie
Authors: Hoyer Jürgen , Velten Julia , Benecke Cord , Berking Matthias , Heinrichs Nina , In-Albon Tina , Lincoln Tania , Lutz Wolfgang , Schlarb Angelika , Schöttke Henning , Willutzki Ulrike , Margraf Jürgen
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung. Forschungsaktivitäten an psychotherapeutischen Hochschulambulanzen (HSA) können einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung und wissenschaftlichen Fundierung von Psychotherapie leisten. Um die vielfältigen Daten, die in HSA in Deutschland gesammelt werden, besser nutzbar zu machen, erscheint eine Koordination der Datenerhebungen und Forschung perspektivisch sinnvoll. In diesem Artikel stellen wir die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zu den Kernmerkmalen deutscher Hochschulambulanzen (z. B. Fallzahlen, diagnostische Instrumente, verwendete Software) vor und entwickeln auf Basis der Ergebnisse Vorschläge zur besseren Integration der Forschungsbemühungen. Es wurden 53 Hochschulambulanzen in Deutschland identifiziert. Diese erhielten einen Fragebogen zu den jährlichen Fallzahlen, der eingesetzten klinisch-psychologischen Diagnostik, zu den störungsübergreifenden und -spezifischen Fragebögen sowie den erhobenen Patienten- und Therapeutenvariablen und der verwendeten Software. Die Rücklaufquote lag bei 100 %. Insgesamt werden demnach in den deutschen HSA im Erwachsenen- und Kinder-Jugendlichenbereich über 10 000 neue Patienten pro Jahr behandelt. Für die strukturierte und störungsübergreifende Diagnostik werden fast ausnahmslos dieselben Verfahren genutzt. Dem steht eine große Vielfalt von störungsspezifischen Verfahren gegenüber. Die verwendete Datenbanksoftware ist heterogen und nicht vollständig miteinander kompatibel. In der Diskussion verdeutlichen wir, welche außergewöhnliche Plattform für weitere Forschung bereits gegeben ist, aber auch welche Schwierigkeiten, zum Beispiel beim Datenschutz, im Vorfeld einer besseren Forschungsintegration zu lösen sind.
IQ and Defense Mechanisms Assessed with the TAT
Authors: Cramer Phebe
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The concept of defense mechanism has a long history in psychoanalysis and clinical psychopathology. The function of defenses has been modified over the years, from a counter-force against instincts to the protection of self-esteem. To understand the role of defenses in pathological and normal development, a coding method to use with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) stories – the Defense Mechanism Manual ( Cramer, 1991a ) – has been developed and validated. Three broad defenses – Denial, Projection, and Identification – may be coded with this method. The article presents examples of TAT stories that have been coded for defense use. These show how defense use changes after a period of psychotherapy, and how defenses change with age. Evidence for reliability and validity is provided, both from correlational and experimental studies. The remainder of the paper focuses on the relation between the use of defense mechanisms and intelligence. Research has shown that the two ego functions of defense and IQ are not correlated in childhood and adolescence, but are correlated in adulthood defenses and IQ. Importantly, IQ serves as a moderator for the effect of defense use on variables such as psychiatric symptom change, level of Ego Development, and Big Five personality traits.
Monitoring Gas Emissions Can Help Forecast Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Kern Christoph , de Moor J. , Galle Bo
Published: August 2015

5th Meeting of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change; Turrialba Volcano, Costa Rica, 27 April to 1 May 2015
Intestinal macrophages arising from CCR2+ monocytes control pathogen infection by activating innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Seo Sang-Uk , Kuffa Peter , Kitamoto Sho , Nagao-Kitamoto Hiroko , Rousseau Jenna , Kim Yun-Gi , Núñez Gabriel , Kamada Nobuhiko
Published: August 2015

Monocytes play a crucial role in antimicrobial host defence, but the mechanisms by which they protect the host during intestinal infection remains poorly understood. Here we show that depletion of CCR2+ monocytes results in impaired clearance of the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. After infection, the de novo recruited CCR2+ monocytes give rise to CD11c+CD11b+F4/80+CD103− intestinal macrophages (MPs) within the lamina propria. Unlike resident intestinal MPs, de novo differentiated MPs are phenotypically pro-inflammatory and produce robust amounts of IL-1β (interleukin-1β) through the non-canonical caspase-11 inflammasome. Intestinal MPs from infected mice elicit the activation of RORγt+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Deletion of IL-1β in blood monocytes blunts the production of IL-22 by ILC3 and increases the susceptibility to infection. Collectively, these studies highlight a critical role of de novo differentiated monocyte-derived intestinal MPs in ILC3-mediated host defence against intestinal infection.
An integrated system for identifying the hidden assassins in traditional medicines containing aristolochic acids
Authors: Wu Lan , Sun Wei , Wang Bo , Zhao Haiyu , Li Yaoli , Cai Shaoqing , Xiang Li , Zhu Yingjie , Yao Hui , Song Jingyuan , Cheng Yung-Chi , Chen Shilin
Published: August 2015

Traditional herbal medicines adulterated and contaminated with plant materials from the Aristolochiaceae family, which contain aristolochic acids (AAs), cause aristolochic acid nephropathy. Approximately 256 traditional Chinese patent medicines, containing Aristolochiaceous materials, are still being sold in Chinese markets today. In order to protect consumers from health risks due to AAs, the hidden assassins, efficient methods to differentiate Aristolochiaceous herbs from their putative substitutes need to be established. In this study, 158 Aristolochiaceous samples representing 46 species and four genera as well as 131 non-Aristolochiaceous samples representing 33 species, 20 genera and 12 families were analyzed using DNA barcodes based on the ITS2 and psbA-trnH sequences. Aristolochiaceous materials and their non-Aristolochiaceous substitutes were successfully identified using BLAST1, the nearest distance method and the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. In addition, based on sequence information of ITS2, we developed a Real-Time PCR assay which successfully identified herbal material from the Aristolochiaceae family. Using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (UHPLC-HR-MS), we demonstrated that most representatives from the Aristolochiaceae family contain toxic AAs. Therefore, integrated DNA barcodes, Real-Time PCR assays using TaqMan probes and UHPLC-HR-MS system provides an efficient and reliable authentication system to protect consumers from health risks due to the hidden assassins (AAs).
From lithotroph- to organotroph-dominant: directional shift of microbial community in sulphidic tailings during phytostabilization
Authors: Li Xiaofang , Bond Philip L. , Van Nostrand Joy D. , Zhou Jizhong , Huang Longbin
Published: August 2015

Engineering microbial diversity to enhance soil functions may improve the success of direct revegetation in sulphidic mine tailings. Therefore, it is essential to explore how remediation and initial plant establishment can alter microbial communities, and, which edaphic factors control these changes under field conditions. A long-term revegetation trial was established at a Pb-Zn-Cu tailings impoundment in northwest Queensland. The control and amended and/or revegetated treatments were sampled from the 3-year-old trial. In total, 24 samples were examined using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes and various chemical properties. The results showed that the microbial diversity was positively controlled by soil soluble Si and negatively controlled by soluble S, total Fe and total As, implying that pyrite weathering posed a substantial stress on microbial development in the tailings. All treatments were dominated by typical extremophiles and lithotrophs, typically Truepera, Thiobacillus, Rubrobacter; significant increases in microbial diversity, biomass and frequency of organotrophic genera (typically Nocardioides and Altererythrobacter) were detected in the revegetated and amended treatment. We concluded that appropriate phytostabilization options have the potential to drive the microbial diversity and community structure in the tailings toward those of natural soils, however, inherent environmental stressors may limit such changes.
Formation of broadband antireflective and superhydrophilic subwavelength structures on fused silica using one-step self-masking reactive ion etching
Authors: Ye Xin , Jiang Xiaodong , Huang Jin , Geng Feng , Sun Laixi , Zu Xiaotao , Wu Weidong , Zheng Wanguo
Published: August 2015

Fused silica subwavelength structures (SWSs) with an average period of ~100 nm were fabricated using an efficient approach based on one-step self-masking reactive ion etching. The subwavelength structures exhibited excellent broadband antireflection properties from the ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength range. These properties are attributable to the graded refractive index for the transition from air to the fused silica substrate that is produced by the ideal nanocone subwavelength structures. The transmittance in the 400–700 nm range increased from approximately 93% for the polished fused silica to greater than 99% for the subwavelength structure layer on fused silica. Achieving broadband antireflection in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range by appropriate matching of the SWS heights on the front and back sides of the fused silica is a novel strategy. The measured antireflection properties are consistent with the results of theoretical analysis using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. This method is also applicable to diffraction grating fabrication. Moreover, the surface of the subwavelength structures exhibits significant superhydrophilic properties.
Hydrogen reverses the clustering tendency of carbon in amorphous silicon oxycarbide
Authors: Ding Hepeng , Demkowicz Michael J.
Published: August 2015

Amorphous silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is of great technological interest. However, its atomic-level structure is not well understood. Using density functional theory calculations, we show that the clustering tendency of C atoms in SiOC is extremely sensitive to hydrogen (H): without H, the C-C interaction is attractive, leading to enrichment of aggregated SiC4tetrahedral units; with hydrogen, the C-C interaction is repulsive, leading to enrichment of randomly distributed SiCO3tetrahedral units. Our results suggest that conflicting experimental characterizations of C distributions may be due to differing amounts of H present in the samples investigated. Our work also opens a path for tailoring the properties of SiOC by using the total H content to control the C distribution.
Normal liver enzymes are correlated with severity of metabolic syndrome in a large population based cohort
Authors: Kälsch Julia , Bechmann Lars P. , Heider Dominik , Best Jan , Manka Paul , Kälsch Hagen , Sowa Jan-Peter , Moebus Susanne , Slomiany Uta , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Erbel Raimund , Gerken Guido , Canbay Ali
Published: August 2015

Key features of the metabolic syndrome are insulin resistance and diabetes. The liver as central metabolic organ is not only affected by the metabolic syndrome as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but may contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic alterations. We aimed to identify potential associations between liver injury markers and diabetes in the population-based Heinz Nixdorf RECALL Study. Demographic and laboratory data were analyzed in participants (n = 4814, age 45 to 75y). ALT and AST values were significantly higher in males than in females. Mean BMI was 27.9 kg/m2 and type-2-diabetes (known and unkown) was present in 656 participants (13.7%). Adiponectin and vitamin D both correlated inversely with BMI. ALT, AST and GGT correlated with BMI, CRP and HbA1c and inversely correlated with adiponectin levels. Logistic regression models using HbA1c and adiponectin or HbA1c and BMI were able to predict diabetes with high accuracy. Transaminase levels within normal ranges were closely associated with the BMI and diabetes risk. Transaminase levels and adiponectin were inversely associated. Re-assessment of current normal range limits should be considered, to provide a more exact indicator for chronic metabolic liver injury, in particular to reflect the situation in diabetic or obese individuals.
Microfluidic-based fabrication, characterization and magnetic functionalization of microparticles with novel internal anisotropic structure
Authors: Qiu Yang , Wang Fei , Liu Ying-Mei , Wang Wei , Chu Liang-Yin , Wang Hua-Lin
Published: August 2015

Easy fabrication and independent control of the internal and external morphologies of core-shell microparticles still remain challenging. Core-shell microparticle comprised of a previously unknown internal anisotropic structure and a spherical shell was fabricated by microfluidic-based emulsificaiton and photopolymerization. The interfacial and spatial 3D morphology of the anisotropic structure were observed by SEM and micro-CT respectively. Meanwhile, a series of layer-by-layer scans of the anisotropic structure were obtained via the micro-CT, which enhanced the detail characterization and analysis of micro materials. The formation mechanism of the internal anisotropic structure may be attributed to solution-directed diffusion caused by the semipermeable membrane structure and chemical potential difference between inside and outside of the semipermeable membrane-like polymerized shell. The morphology evolution of the anisotropic structure was influenced and controlled by adjusting reaction parameters including polymerization degree, polymerization speed and solute concentration difference. The potential applications of these microparticles in microrheological characterization and image enhancement were also proposed by embedding magnetic nanoparticles in the inner core.
Chain-like structure elements in Ni40Ta60 metallic glasses observed by scanning tunneling microscopy
Authors: Pawlak Rémy , Marot Laurent , Sadeghi Ali , Kawai Shigeki , Glatzel Thilo , Reimann Peter , Goedecker Stefan , Güntherodt Hans-Joachim , Meyer Ernst
Published: August 2015

The structure of metallic glasses is a long-standing question because the lack of long-range order makes diffraction based techniques difficult to be applied. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy with large tunneling resistance of 6 GΩ at low temperature in order to minimize forces between probe and sample and reduce thermal fluctuations of metastable structures. Under these extremely gentle conditions, atomic structures of Ni40Ta60 metallic glasses are revealed with unprecedented lateral resolution. In agreement with previous models and experiments, icosahedral-like clusters are observed. The clusters show a high degree of mobility, which explains the need of low temperatures for stable imaging. In addition to icosahedrons, chain-like structures are resolved and comparative density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that these structures are meta-stable. The co-existence of icosahedral and chain-like structures might be an key ingredient for the understanding of the mechanical properties of metallic glasses.
Layer-by-layer self-assembly of polydopamine/gold nanoparticle/thiol coating as the stationary phase for open tubular capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Li Xiu-Ju , Fu Qi-Feng , Zhang Qi-Hui , Jiang Xue-Mei , Yang Feng-Qing , Wei Wei-Li , Xia Zhi-Ning
Published: August 2015

A novel method for the preparation of permanent coating columns with a high phase ratio based on the multiple properties of PDA and LBL self-assembly of polydopamine/gold nanoparticles/thiols has been developed for the first time.
Determination of trace elements in salt lake brines using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after magnesium hydroxide precipitation
Authors: Wang Liping , Li Haijun , Dong Yaping , Peng Jiaoyu , Feng Haitao , Li Wu
Published: August 2015

The process of sample pretreatment and elemental analysis are shown.
Fluorescent mimics of cholesterol that rapidly bind surfaces of living mammalian cells
Authors: Hymel David , Cai Sutang , Sun Qi , Henkhaus Rebecca S. , Perera Chamani , Peterson Blake R.
Published: August 2015

Novel analogues of cholesterol are rapidly and massively incorporated into the plasma membrane of living mammalian cells through a receptor-mediated pathway.
Polyanionic clusters embedded in lattice-type hydrogen bonding networks involving in situ bond activation and coupling of organic cations
Authors: Han Zhan-Gang , Liu Yun-Ping , Zhao Xiao-Fang , Yan Jin-Shuang , Zhai Xue-Liang
Published: August 2015

Grid-type hydrogen bonding networks of organic cations are used to capture pseudo-spherical Keggin-type anionic clusters.
Polycarboxylate-directed various Co(ii) complexes based on a “V”-like bis-pyridyl-bis-amide derivative: construction, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties
Authors: Wang Xiu-Li , Sha Xiao-Ting , Liu Guo-Cheng , Chen Nai-Li , Tian Yuan
Published: August 2015

Six Co(ii) complexes have been hydrothermally synthesized with mixed ligands. The effects of the polycarboxylates on the structures of the title complexes have been discussed.
Crystal structures of hydrated rare-earth bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide salts
Authors: Vander Hoogerstraete Tom , Brooks Neil R. , Onghena Bieke , Van Meervelt Luc , Binnemans Koen
Published: August 2015

Structural characterisation of the full range of hydrated rare-earth bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide salts showed the structures to be [Sc(H2O)7][Tf2N]3·H2O, Ln(H2O)3(Tf2N)3, Ln(H2O)3(Tf2N)3 or [Ln(H2O)x][Tf2N]3.
A strategy developed from the observed energetic–energetic cocrystals of BTF: cocrystallizing and stabilizing energetic hydrogen-free molecules with hydrogenous energetic coformer molecules
Authors: Wei Xianfeng , Ma Yu , Long Xinping , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: August 2015

We propose a strategy to combine highly energetic but unstable hydrogen-free molecules with hydrogenous energetic molecules to form stable energetic–energetic cocrystals and maintain their high energy, developed by analyzing the crystal packing of BTF-based EECCs.
A chiral coordination polymer with double coaxially nested helical chains exhibiting spin-canting antiferromagnetism
Authors: Lun Hui-Jie , Cui Sa-Sa , Li Hai-Jiao , Ping Qi , Song Hao-Han , Li Ya-Min , Ru Yu , Bai Yan-Long , Xiang Sheng-Chang
Published: August 2015

A chiral coordination polymer is reported, which contains rarely two types of double coaxially nested helical chains, exhibiting spin-canting antiferromagnetism.
Structural, electronic and optical properties of a hybrid triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride and graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Cui Jie , Liang Shuhua , Wang Xianhui , Zhang Jian-Min
Published: August 2015

The interfacial effect on the structural, electronic and optical properties of a hybrid triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride and graphene nanocomposite is calculated using the first-principles method.
Efficient control of coulomb enhanced second harmonic generation from excitonic transitions in quantum dot ensembles
Authors: Ramírez Hanz Y. , Flórez Jefferson , Camacho Ángela S.
Published: August 2015

The tunability and modulation of the second harmonic generation susceptibility, promising for the manipulation of nonlinear properties of nanostructured materials, are predicted in this work.
Chirality control of nonplanar lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) and its potential application in high-density storage: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Cai Yingxiang , Xu Shengliang , Qiao Xuelei , Wang Lidong , Liu Yabo , Wang Tianyu , Xu Xuechun
Published: August 2015

Azimuthal orientation of nonplanar PbPc at a stable state mediated by metal(001) substrates.
The first hyperpolarizability of nitrobenzene in benzene solutions: investigation of the effects of electron correlation within the sequential QM/MM approach
Authors: Hidalgo Cardenuto Marcelo , Champagne Benoît
Published: August 2015

Molecular polarization due to solvation amplifies the impact of electron correlation on the first hyperpolarizability of nitrobenzene.
Ultrafast non-radiative decay of gas-phase nucleosides
Authors: Camillis Simone De , Miles Jordan , Alexander Grace , Ghafur Omair , Williams Ian D. , Townsend Dave , Greenwood Jason B.
Published: August 2015

De-excitation of DNA nucleosides on picosecond timescales was measured and found to be twice as fast as the equivalent nucleobases.
Flow tube studies of the C(3P) reactions with ethylene and propylene
Authors: Capron Michael , Bourgalais Jérémy , Abhinavam Kailasanathan Ranjith Kumar , Osborn David L. , Le Picard Sébastien D. , Goulay Fabien
Published: August 2015

Product detection studies of C(3P) atom reactions with ethylene, C2H4(X1Ag) and propylene, C3H6(X1A′) are carried out in a flow tube reactor at 332 K and 4 Torr (553.3 Pa) under multiple collision conditions.
Earth-abundant metal complexes as catalysts for water oxidation; is it homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Authors: Asraf Md. Ali , Younus Hussein A. , Yusubov Mekhman , Verpoort Francis
Published: August 2015

This minireview focuses on the aspects that determine whether particular catalysts for the oxidation of water are homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Investigation on graphene and Pt co-modified CdS nanowires with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity under visible light irradiation
Authors: Cao Muhan , Wang Peifang , Ao Yanhui , Wang Chao , Hou Jun , Qian Jin
Published: August 2015

A novel hybrid photocatalyst (graphene and Pt comodified CdS nanowires) was prepared for hydrogen evolution. The as-obtained samples showed a high hydrogen evolution rate of 3984 μmol h−1 g−1, which is almost 4 times higher than that of bare CdS nanowires.
Vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics utilizing the gas solubility or permeability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)
Authors: Xu Linfeng , Lee Hun , Jetta Deekshitha , Oh Kwang W.
Published: August 2015

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the physics of the gas solubility and permeability of PDMS, a systematic review of different types of vacuum-driven power-free microfluidics, design guidelines, existing applications, and the outlook.
Optical activity of SiC nanoparticles prepared from single-handed helical 4,4′-biphenylene-bridged polybissilsesquioxane nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Chuanyong , Li Baozong , Li Yi , Wang Mingliang , Yang Yonggang
Published: August 2015

Chiral defects were proposed to drive the optical activity of SiC nanoparticles, which were prepared using polybissilsesquioxane nanotubes.
Surfactant-free Pd@pSiO2 yolk–shell nanocatalysts for selective oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes
Authors: Kim Aram , Bae Hee Seon , Park Ji Chan , Song Hyunjoon , Park Kang Hyun
Published: August 2015

The surfactant-free Pd@pSiO2 yolk–shell nanoparticles proved to be an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols.
Fourfold action of surfactants with superacid head groups: polyoxometalate–silicone nanocomposites as promising candidates for proton-conducting materials
Authors: Klaiber Alexander , Landsmann Steve , Löffler Tobias , Polarz Sebastian
Published: August 2015

Surfactants with a polyoxometalate (POM) [PW11O39]3− head and protons as counter-ions are used for the emulsion polymerization of hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks.
Synthesis of trifluoromethyl γ-aminophosphonates by nucleophilic aziridine ring opening
Authors: Cytlak T. , Saweliew M. , Kubicki M. , Koroniak H.
Published: August 2015

The synthesis of phosphonated derivatives of trifluoromethyl aziridines by two methods and their application in ring opening reactions have been demonstrated.
Copper-catalyzed cyanation of aryl iodides with α-cyanoacetates via C–CN bond activation
Authors: Zhang Song-Lin , Huang Lu
Published: August 2015

A mild copper-catalyzed cyanation of aryl iodides using readily available and friendly α-cyanoacetates as the CN source is reported.
Poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(N-acryloylpiperidine) diblock copolymers: synthesis, self-assembly and interaction
Authors: Hofman Anton H. , Alberda van Ekenstein Gert O. R. , Woortman Albert J. J. , ten Brinke Gerrit , Loos Katja
Published: August 2015

Evaluation of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter confirmed the self-assembly of a series of RAFT-synthesized poly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(N-acryloylpiperidine) diblock copolymers.
Stereospecific catalytic precision polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine via rare earth metal-mediated group transfer polymerization with 2-methoxyethylamino-bis(phenolate)-yttrium complexes
Authors: Altenbuchner P. T. , Adams F. , Kronast A. , Herdtweck E. , Pöthig A. , Rieger B.
Published: August 2015

C
1-Symmetric 2-methoxyethylamino-bis(phenolate)-yttrium complexes for the stereospecific polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine.
Synthesis of an activated carbon based urea formaldehyde resin and its adsorption and recognition performance towards Fe(iii)
Authors: Guo-Li Ou , Jian-Feng Gao , Tuo-Ping Hu , Fu-Qiang An , Yu Wang , Yan-Jun Wang , Dong Zhang
Published: August 2015

ACUF700 possesses excellent recognition selectivity for Fe(iii) and can selectively remove Fe(iii) from La(iii) solutions.
Surface molecular imprinting on silane-functionalized carbon dots for selective recognition of nifedipine
Authors: Jalili Roghayeh , Amjadi Mohammad
Published: August 2015

An eco-friendly molecularly imprinted fluorescent sensor was developed for nifedipine (NIF) based on silane-functionalized carbon dots.
Photophysical properties of quinoxaline-fused [7]carbohelicene derivatives
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Si Yanling , Pan Xiumei , Yang Guochun
Published: August 2015

The electronic circular dichroism, UV-Vis absorption, nonlinear optics, and charge transport properties of novel quinoxaline-fused 7-carbohelicene derivatives have been investigated for the first time.
Thermal-sensitive Starch-g-PNIPAM prepared by Cu(0) catalyzed SET-LRP at molecular level
Authors: Wang Leli , Wu Ying , Men Yongjun , Shen Jianan , Liu Zhengping
Published: August 2015

Starch-g-PNIPAM with controlled graft chains and its hydrogels with rapid shrinking rate were preparedviaSET-LRP at molecular level.
Modification of Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles with zirconium oxide; preparation, characterization and its application toward fluoride removal
Authors: Riahi F. , Bagherzadeh M. , Hadizadeh Z.
Published: August 2015

Fe3O4 superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) modified with zirconia (ZrO2) were synthesized (Fe3O4@ZrO2) using a chemical co-precipitation method and used as a nanoadsorbent in the removal of excessive fluoride from aqueous solutions.
Fabrication of an aquaporin-based forward osmosis membrane through covalent bonding of a lipid bilayer to a microporous support
Authors: Ding Wande , Cai Jin , Yu Zhiyuan , Wang Qinhu , Xu Zhinan , Wang Zhining , Gao Congjie
Published: August 2015

A stable AqpZ-based FO membrane was fabricated by covalent bonding of a DOPE SLB to an l-dopamine modified PSf substrate.
Enhancing the performance of Mg-based implant materials by introducing basal plane stacking faults
Authors: Jiao Yufeng , Zhang Jinghuai , Kong Pengyu , Zhang Zhongwu , Jing Yongbin , Zhuang Jinpeng , Wang Wei , Zhang Li , Xu Chi , Wu Ruizhi , Zhang Milin
Published: August 2015

In this study, a novel Mg–6Ho–0.5Zn alloy (wt%) containing profuse basal plane stacking faults is prepared with the SFs exhibiting uniform corrosion behaviour, low corrosion rate and high mechanical properties.
The immunological activity of some of the chymotryptic peptides of sperm-whale myoglobin
Authors: Crumpton MJ , Wilkinson JM
Published: August 2015

1. Sperm-whale apomyoglobin was digested with chymotrypsin in a dialysis sac. The ultrafiltrate contained incompletely hydrolysed fragments which partially inhibited the precipitation of metmyoglobin and apomyoglobin by some antisera produced against metmyoglobin. The inhibitory activity was stable to heating at 100 degrees and depended on the peptide structure. 2. The fragments were fractionated according to molecular size and were purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Six pure peptides and two peptides which contained a minor impurity were isolated. Their amino acid compositions and N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined and their entire amino acid sequences deduced from the known amino acid sequence of sperm-whale myoglobin. 3. The peptides formed no detectable precipitates with the antisera. Five of the eight peptides partially inhibited the precipitation of apomyoglobin and/or metmyoglobin by one antiserum. Six of the peptides inhibited the precipitation of apomyoglobin by one or other of two antisera; at least two of these peptides inhibited both antisera. One peptide failed to inhibit the precipitation of either antigen by either antiserum. Two of the peptides possessed the same serological specificity. 4. The molar ratios of inhibitors to antigen for 50% of the maximum inhibition decreased as the molecular size of the inhibitor increased. With one antiserum and with apomyoglobin as the antigen, molar ratios 12 and 80 were obtained for peptides with molecular weights 2051 and 793 respectively. 5. The size and structure of an antigenic site is discussed in relation to the known steric configuration of myoglobin.
Studies on bile acids: The microquantitative separation of cellular bile acids by gas-liquid chromatography
Authors: Okishio T , Padmanabhan P.N. , Maureen G
Published: August 2015

1. A method is described for the quantitative isolation of bile acids from cellular material. Homogenates of rat liver are freeze-dried and extracted exhaustively with 95% (v/v) ethanol containing 0.1% (v/v) of aq. ammonia (sp.gr. 0.88) and purified by anion-exchange chromatography on Amberlyst A-26. 2. The extracted bile acid conjugates are subjected to either of two hydrolytic procedures, one involving chemical and the other enzymic agents. A unique feature in this study is the introduction of an enzyme, a clostridial peptide-bond hydrolase, for the rapid cleavage of bile acid conjugates, replacing the classical drastic chemical hydrolysis with strong alkali. 3. After hydrolysis, free bile acids are methylated and converted into their trifluoroacetates for final determination by gas-liquid chromatography on a triple component column, FS-1265-SE30-NGS. 4. For the purpose of identification of peaks, bile acid methyl esters are converted into their trimethylsilyl ethers by allowing the methyl esters to react with a new and potent silyl donor, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide. 5. The technique affords us a means of studying the metabolism of bile acids at the cellular and subcellular levels in tissues.
The isolation of factor V from bovine plasma
Authors: Esnouf M. P. , Jobin F.
Published: August 2015

1. A technique for the isolation of factor V from bovine plasma is described. 2. Some of the physicochemical properties of the protein have been measured and the amino acid composition has been determined.
The sodium-plus-potassium ion-activated adenosine triphosphatase of cerebral microsomal fractions: treatment with disrupting agents
Authors: Cooper J. R. , Mcilwain H.
Published: August 2015

1. The Na(+)-plus-K(+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase [(Na(+),K(+))-ATPase] of microsomal preparations from ox brain was inactivated or diminished in activity by exposure to 2-8m-urea. Similar concentrations of urea diminished the turbidity of the suspensions. 2. Low concentrations (about 2.5mm) of NaATP with the urea gave partial or complete protection of the ATPase, without altering the concomitant change in turbidity. Some protection of the (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase was afforded by tris ATP, but the greatest protection was found with NaATP and in its presence the change in (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase with 3m-urea included a phase in which activity was enhanced by 40%. 3. The protective effect was specific to NaATP: KATP, NaADP, NaAMP and sodium pyrophosphate were without protective effect and in some cases they augmented the action of urea. 4. The turbidity of cerebral microsomal suspensions was diminished also by ultrasonic irradiation; NaATP did not alter this change. After ultrasonic treatment up to 55% of the protein and of the ATPase activity were no longer deposited by centrifugal forces of 4.5x10(6)g-min. 5. Ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation could be carried out with little or no loss of ATPase and ammonium sulphate flocculation of the supernatant then afforded in the first material precipitated a three- to five-fold enrichment of (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase activity. 6. Sodium borohydride and dimethyl sulphoxide also diminished the turbidity of the microsomal fraction but enrichment of the ATPase was not effected by these reagents; ten other compounds were without action on the ATPase. 7. Acetyl phosphate was hydrolysed by the microsomal preparation and this activity was increased by added K(+). Acetyl-phosphatase activity persisted in the ultrasonically treated and ammonium sulphate-fractionated preparations, which were more exacting in their requirements for K(+). 8. The findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of the (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase.
Plasma albumin synthesis during neonatal development of the rat
Authors: Wise R. W. , Oliver I. T.
Published: August 2015

1. Liver slices were incubated with (14)C-labelled amino acids. Albumin was isolated from the slices by precipitation with specific antibody and the incorporated radioactivity measured. 2. The rate of synthesis was seen to be equal in liver slices from adult and late-stage foetal rats. 3. Synthesis was very high in the pregnant rat (three times the normal adult value) and in the 5-15-day post-natal rat (twice the normal adult value). 4. The post-natal increase may be due to the disappearance of haemopoietic tissue and its replacement by active parenchymal cells.
Volume contraction of isolated pea chloroplasts promoted by bivalent cations
Authors: Brown A. P.
Published: August 2015

1. Chloroplasts isolated from pea seedlings were incubated in sucrose-tris medium reinforced with salts of calcium, magnesium, manganese or iron, at concentrations up to 10mm. 2. Measurements of chloroplast-pellet volume and water content showed that the bivalent cations brought about a contraction in chloroplast volume and a loss of chloroplast water. This was further substantiated by density-gradient centrifugations. 3. Measurements of the light-scattering and apparent fluorescence of chloroplast suspensions confirmed this conclusion and eliminated the possibility of contraction being caused by centrifugal forces. 4. The uptake of (45)Ca(2+) was measured and shown to be competitive with diluent Ca(2+), Mg(2+) or Mn(2+) ions, indicating a mechanism of low specificity. 5. The chloroplast contraction was insensitive to light but could be made sensitive by the addition of ferric EDTA. This light-sensitivity was inhibited by added 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea and so probably involves the Hill reaction. 6. On the basis of these observations it is suggested that the process of contraction does not consume much energy, but that in light-activated contraction a previous step occurs that is conducive to contraction and that is energy-transducing. It is postulated that this step results in a local increase in concentration of bivalent ions, which promotes contraction.
Bacterial attack on phenolic ethers: An enzyme system demethylating vanillic acid
Authors: Cartwright N. J. , Smith A. R. W.
Published: August 2015

1. A cell-free system from Pseudomonas fluorescens catalysed the oxidative demethylation and subsequent ring-cleavage of vanillate, with uptake of 2.5 moles of oxygen/mole of substrate. 2. Demethylation involved absorption of 0.5 mole of oxygen/mole, and required reduced glutathione (GSH) and nucleotide (probably NADPH) as cofactors, with further possible requirements, the natures of which are discussed. 3. Incomplete evidence suggested that the aromatic ring was opened via protocatechuate and the appropriate oxygenase, with absorption of 1 mole of oxygen/mole of substrate, eventually yielding beta-oxoadipate. 4. The methyl group was removed sequentially as formaldehyde, formate and carbon dioxide, the steps catalysed respectively by formaldehyde dehydrogenase, which required GSH and NAD(+), and formate dehydrogenase. Each enzyme was cytochrome-linked and accounted for absorption of 0.5mole of oxygen/mole of substrate. 5. All enzymes except formate dehydrogenase, which was a cell-wall enzyme, resided in the soluble fraction of the extract. The demethylase could not be resolved because of unknown cofactor requirements.
Possible reactions of 1,2-naphthaquinone in the eye
Authors: Jancis R.R. , Antoinette Pirie
Published: August 2015

1. Reactions of 1,2-naphthaquinone with amino acids, glutathione and proteins of the lens have been studied in connexion with investigations of naphthalene-induced cataract. 2. Cysteine reacts probably through its amino group with 1,2-naphthaquinone to form either purple or brown compounds with characteristic absorption spectra. 3. Glutathione reacts with 1,2-naphthaquinone through its thiol group. 4. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that 1,2-naphthaquinone reacts with the amino group of amino acids. This reaction may take place in the aqueous humour. 5. The proteins of lens react with 1,2-naphthaquinone to form brown compounds. 6. There is loss of protein thiol in this reaction and the products are less easily digestible by pancreatin than normal lens proteins. 7. The compound of alpha-crystallin and 1,2-naphthaquinone is soluble at neutrality, but the compounds of beta-crystallins and of gamma-crystallins are largely insoluble. 8. The brown reaction products of glutathione or cysteine with 1,2-naphthaquinone catalyse the oxidation of ascorbic acid in the same way as 1,2-naphthaquinone itself. 9. These results are discussed in relation to naphthalene-induced cataract.
Amino acid substitutions in mutant forms of histidinol dehydrogenase from Neurospora crassa
Authors: Bennett D J , Creaser E H
Published: August 2015

Amino acid changes in the enzyme l-histidinol dehydrogenase (l-histidinol–NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.23) have been determined between the wild-type Neurospora crassa and two temperature-sensitive mutants. Comparison was made between amino acid analyses of peptides of differing electrophoretic and chromatographic mobilities resulting from tryptic and chymotryptic digestion of protein from wild-type and mutant K26, and wild-type and mutant K445 strains, respectively. The analyses demonstrate the substitution of aspartic acid for alanine in mutant K26, and leucine for histidine in mutant K445. The effects of the resulting changes in polarity and charge are discussed in relation to the catalytic functioning of the proteins.
The biosynthesis of cyclic carotenes
Authors: Williams R. J. H. , Britton G. , Goodwin T W
Published: August 2015

1. The incorporation of (3RS)-[2−14C,(4R)-4−3H1]mevalonic acid into various cyclic carotenes in the fruit of the tomato mutant delta has been studied. The results confirm our previous view that the α-ionone ring of α-carotene does not arise by isomerization of a β-ionone residue, and show that the same is also true for the α-ionone ring of δ- and ∈-carotene and α-zeacarotene. 2. The incorporation of (3RS)-[2−14C,2−3H2]mevalonic acid into α- and β-carotene in carrot roots has been studied. The results show that the β-ionone ring of β-carotene does not arise by isomerization of the α-ionone residue of α-carotene. 3. These experiments show that α- and β-ionone rings in cyclic carotenes are formed independently, probably by elimination of different protons from the same carbonium ion intermediates.
Fatty acid composition of different serum phospholipids in men and women
Authors: Antar Mohamed A. , Ohlson Margaret A. , Osborn Margaret O.
Published: August 2015

1. Eight young healthy persons, four men and four women, were maintained for a total of 2 months on a diet in which 40%, 16% and 44% of the total calories were present as fats, proteins and carbohydrates respectively. The ratio of complex to simple carbohydrates in the diet was 1:4. 2. The fatty acids of serum kephalins, lecithins, lysolecithins and sphingomyelins were determined by gas–liquid column chromatography. 3. Lysolecithins in both men and women had the highest content of saturated acids, followed by sphingomyelins, lecithins and kephalins in that order. The degrees of saturation and of polyunsaturation of the fatty acids in the different phospholipid fractions were significantly different, except for the differences in the polyunsaturation of the kephalins and lecithins. 4. No sex difference was found in the fatty acid composition of the different phospholipids.
Post-mortem glycolysis in ox skeletal muscle. Effect of temperature on the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates and cofactors
Authors: Newbold R. P. , Scopes R. K.
Published: August 2015

1. Post-mortem changes in the concentrations of the following compounds in ox sternomandibularis muscles stored in nitrogen at 1°, 5° and 15° are reported: Pi creatine phosphate, hexose monophosphates, fructose diphosphate, triose phosphates, α-glycerophosphate, phosphoglycerates, lactate, ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD+ and total nucleotides. Some results obtained with muscles stored at 37° are included. 2. At the time the muscles were placed at controlled temperatures (about 1·5hr. post mortem) the phosphorus in the compounds measured accounted for 91±6% (s.d.) of the total acid-soluble phosphate. 3. The results indicated that at all temperatures the activities of the phosphorylase and phosphofructokinase steps limited the rate and the extent of post-mortem glycolysis. 4. The large variations in hexose monophosphate concentrations during storage indicated that the ratio of phosphorylase to phosphofructokinase activity varied considerably with time and temperature. 5. Between 3·5 and 7hr. post mortem the rates of glycolysis and of ATP turnover were not slower at 5° that at 15°, and were probably faster at 1°. The significance of this finding is discussed.
Alcohol dehydrogenase activity and electron transport in living yeast
Authors: Ryan H.
Published: August 2015

1. The excretion of H+ ions, with practically equivalent uptake of K+ ions (from 0·1m-potassium chloride), occurs during the aerobic oxidation of ethanol. 2. Acetaldehyde and acetic acid formed at the same time are quantitatively equal to the amount of ethanol oxidized. 3. A slow uptake of K+ ions occurs during the oxidation of acetaldehyde and a more rapid uptake during the oxidation of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 4. The anaerobic reduction of methylene blue is studied, and the inhibitory effect of K+ and other inorganic cations on the system demonstrated. 5. The cation requirement for equal inhibitory effect is parallel with the reciprocals of the transport affinities for the ‘physiological K-carrier’ (as taken from Conway & Duggan, 1958). 6. The cation inhibition of methylene blue reduction is reversed by treatment of the yeast with Teepol or by freezing-and-thawing. 7. Azide is shown to inhibit the reduction of methylene blue with intact cells. The inhibition is partially reversed by Teepol treatment and completely by freezing-and-thawing.
Effect of growth rate and substrate limitation on the composition and structure of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: McMurrough I. , Rose A. H.
Published: August 2015

1. A study was made of the composition and structure of walls isolated from yeast grown in continuous culture at different rates, under three conditions of glucose limitation in which the concentrations of glucose and ammonium sulphate in the medium and the oxygen-transfer rate in the culture were varied, and one condition of NH4+ limitation. 2. The contents of total glucan and total mannan in the walls were relatively little affected by the growth rate under any of the four sets of conditions. The phosphorus and protein contents of walls from yeast grown under each of the four conditions increased as the growth rate was decreased. Walls from yeast grown under NH4+ limitation contained only half as much protein as walls from cells grown under glucose limitation. The proportion of lipid was greatest in walls from yeast grown under NH4+ limitation. 3. A procedure was devised for fractionating isolated walls, based on the ease with which the glucan and mannan were extracted with water and with hot and cold 6% (w/v) potassium hydroxide solution. The percentage of glucan, mannan, protein and phosphorus in each of the fractions was affected by the rate of growth and by the nature of the substrate limitation. 4. The β-fructofuranosidase activities of yeast grown under glucose limitation increased as the growth rate was lowered, but decreased at very low growth rates. The effects at low growth rates were probably due to repression of enzyme synthesis by residual glucose in the culture filtrate. The β-fructofuranosidase activities of yeast grown under NH4+ limitation were much lower than those from yeast grown under any of the conditions of glucose limitation. 5. Yeast cells grown at any of the rates under NH4+ limitation were longer and thinner than those grown at the same rate under any of the conditions of glucose limitation. Mean cell volumes were dependent on growth rate but not on the nature of the substrate limitation. 6. Electron micrographs of thin sections of isolated walls showed that cells grown under NH4+ limitation had a more porous structure than those from cells grown under any of the conditions of glucose limitation.
Effect of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on protein synthesis in vitro
Authors: Hradec J.
Published: August 2015

1. The effect of the strongly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons benzo[a]pyrene, 3-methylcholanthrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene and of the non-carcinogenic anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene on protein synthesis was studied in vitro with subcellular systems from rat liver. 2. Both types of hydrocarbons affect amino acid activation and inhibit transfer of labelled amino acids from transfer RNA to ribosomes. 3. Only the carcinogenic compounds stimulate the incorporation of labelled algal-protein hydrolysate and of some individual amino acids into transfer RNA. The most active dose was 10mμg. under the conditions used. This effect is abolished by preincubation of pH5 enzymes with the carcinogens before the addition of radioactive amino acids. 4. The carcinogens stimulate the incorporation of some amino acids into ribosomal protein whereas the non-carcinogenic compounds have no such effects. 5. Polynucleotide-dependent stimulation of protein synthesis is greatly enhanced in the presence of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons when either free amino acids or transfer RNA charged with labelled amino acids are used. The non-carcinogenic compounds induce a partial inhibition of this process. 6. It is concluded, in agreement with other authors, that carcinogens may increase the number of active incorporation sites on both transfer and ribosomal RNA. Possible mechanisms of such an effect are discussed.
Methane production from glucose in vitro by mixed rumen bacteria
Authors: Demeyer D. I. , Henderickx H. K.
Published: August 2015

1. Methane was produced in vitro by incubating cell suspensions of rumen bacteria with glucose, under nitrogen. The amount of methane produced varied considerably and was lowered by high glucose concentrations. Carbon dioxide, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and lactic acid were also produced. An oxidation–reduction balance of near unity could be calculated, although carbon recovery was low. Under the experimental conditions, rumen bacteria used most of the metabolic hydrogen produced during the oxidation of glucose to form lactic acid. 2. Lower methane production at high glucose concentrations was balanced by higher lactic acid production. Low pH values due to a high production rate of lactic acid might explain the inhibition of methane production. 3. No lactic acid, less methane, but considerably more propionic acid were formed when nitrogen was replaced by carbon dioxide in the incubation system.