bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in Indonesia infants and toddlers post-PCV13 vaccination in a 2+1 schedule: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Prayitno Ari , Supriyatno Bambang , Munasir Zakiudin , Karuniawati Anis , Hadinegoro Sri Rezeki S. , Prihartono Joedo , Safari Dodi , Sundoro Julitasari , Khoeri Miftahuddin Majid
Published: January 2021

Background

The PCV13 immunization demonstration program began in October 2017 in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to assess the dynamic changes of pneumococcal serotype before and after PCV13 administration, with two primary and one booster doses.

Methods

The prospective cohort study was conducted as a follow up study measuring the impact of PCV13 demonstration program by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from March 2018 to June 2019. The subjects were two-month-old healthy infants who were brought to the primary care facility for routine vaccination and followed until 18 months of age. We use convenience sampling method. There were 115 infants in the control group and 118 infants in the vaccine group, and the PCV immunization was given on a 2+1 schedule. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs were collected four times during the vaccination periods by trained medical staff. Specimens were analyzed by culture methods to detect S. pneumonia colonization and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) to determine serotype. The most frequently detected serotypes will be named as dominant serotypes. Descriptive analysis of demographic characteristics, the prevalence of overall and serotype colonization, and the distribution of serotypes were performed. The prevalence of both cohort groups were compared using chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Two hundred and thirty three infants age two months old were recruited, with 48.9% of the subjects were male and 51.1% of the subjects were female. Sociodemographic data in both cohort groups were relatively equal. Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization before PCV13 administration occurred in 19.1% of the control and 22.9% of the vaccine group. The prevalence increased with increasing age in both groups. The prevalence of VT serotypes in control groups aged 2 months, 4 months, 12 months, and 18 months was 40.9%, 44.2%, 53.8%, and 54.3%, respectively, and in the vaccine group, 25.9%, 40.4%, 38.0%, and 22.6%, respectively. The most common VT serotypes in both groups were 6A/6B, 19F, 23F, and 14. The prevalence of VT serotypes decreased significantly compared to non-vaccine type serotypes after three doses of the PCV13 vaccine (p < 0.001). Another notable change was the decline in prevalence of serotype 6A/6B after PCV13 administration using the 2+1 schedule.

Conclusions

This study shows lower prevalence of VT and 6A/6B serotypes in the nasopharynx among children who were PCV13 vaccinated compared with those who were unvaccinated. The result from this study will be the beginning of future vaccine evaluation in larger population and longer period of study.
Expression analysis of porcine miR-33a/b in liver, adipose tissue and muscle and its potential role in fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Criado-Mesas Lourdes , Ballester Maria , Crespo-Piazuelo Daniel , Passols Magí , Castelló Anna , Sánchez Armand , Folch Josep M.
Published: January 2021

mir-33aandmir-33bare co-transcribed with theSREBF2andSREBF1transcription factors, respectively. The main role ofSREBF1is the regulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, whileSREBF2regulates genes participating in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake. Our objective was to study the expression of both miR-33a and miR-33b, together with their hostSREBFgenes, in liver, adipose tissue and muscle to better understand the role of miR-33a/b in the lipid metabolism of pigs. In our study, the expression of miR-33a, miR-33b andSREBF2in liver, adipose tissue, and muscle was studied in 42 BC1_LD (25% Iberian x 75% Landrace backcross) pigs by RT-qPCR. In addition, the expression ofin-silicopredicted target genes and fatty acid composition traits were correlated with the miR-33a/b expression. We observed different tissue expression patterns for both miRNAs. In adipose tissue and muscle a high correlation between miR-33a and miR-33b expression was found, whereas a lower correlation was observed in liver. The expression analysis ofin-silicopredicted target-lipid related genes showed negative correlations between miR-33b andCPT1Aexpression in liver. Conversely, positive correlations between miR-33a andPPARGC1AandUSF1gene expression in liver were observed. Lastly, positive and negative correlations between miR-33a/b expression and saturated fatty acid (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content, respectively, were identified. Overall, our results suggested that both miRNAs are differentially regulated and have distinct functions in liver, in contrast to muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore, the correlations between miR-33a/b expression both with the expression ofin-silicopredicted target-lipid related genes and with fatty acid composition, opens new avenues to explore the role of miR33a/b in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Association of recurrent common infections and subclinical cardiovascular disease in Mexican women
Authors: Espinosa-Tamez Priscilla , Lajous Martin , Cantú-Brito Carlos , Lopez-Ridaura Ruy , Monge Adriana , Yunes Elsa , Rodríguez Beatriz L. , Espinosa Luis , Sifuentes-Osornio José , Catzin-Kuhlmann Andres
Published: January 2021

Background

Acute and agent-specific chronic infections have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however data on the burden of common recurrent infections on cardiovascular disease is limited. We hypothesized women with greater exposure to uncomplicated common infectious events had an increased risk of subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD).

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the relation of recurrent infections and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in 1946 disease-free women from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. Through 2012–2016, participants answered structured questions on respiratory, urinary and vaginal infections during the previous year and their IMT was measured using ultrasound by standardized neurologists. We defined sCVD as mean right and left IMT ≥0.8 mm or the presence of atheromatous plaque. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of infectious events with IMT and sCVD adjusting for age, sociodemographic, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results

Among participants (50±5 years) 13% reported no infections, 20% one infection and 67% three or more episodes. Overall prevalence of sCVD was 12%(n = 240). Adjusted models for logistic regression showed that women with 2 or more infections had 91% higher odds of sCVD (OR 1.91; 95%CI 1.16, 3.13) compared to women without infections (p-trend:0.015). Sub-analyses by type of infection resulted not significant. Linear regression analysis did not show a significant association between mean IMT and recurrent infections.

Conclusions

Recurrent infectious events in young adult women are associated with greater sCVD, which supports the hypothesis of low-grade chronic inflammation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
Effects of a tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) phenolic extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis and its ability to impair the oral epithelial barrier
Authors: Ben Lagha Amel , Pellerin Geneviève , Vaillancourt Katy , Grenier Daniel
Published: January 2021

Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are a global oral health problem. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen involved in the onset of periodontitis, is able to colonize the subgingival epithelium and invade the underlying connective tissue due to the contribution of cysteine proteases known as gingipains. In this study, we investigated the effects of a phenolic extract prepared from tart cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) juice on the growth, adherence, and protease activity of P. gingivalis. We also assessed the protective effect of the tart cherry extract on the disruption of the oral epithelial barrier induced by P. gingivalis. The tart cherry extract that contains procyanidins and quercetin and its derivatives (rutinoside, glucoside) as the most important phenolic compounds attenuated P. gingivalis growth, reduced adherence to an experimental basement membrane matrix model, and decreased the protease activities of P. gingivalis. The tart cherry extract also exerted a protective effect on the integrity of the oral epithelial barrier in an in vitro model infected with P. gingivalis. More specifically, the extract prevented a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance as well as the destruction of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin). These results suggest that the tart cherry phenolic extract may be a promising natural product for the treatment of periodontitis through its ability to attenuate the virulence properties of P. gingivalis and curtail the ability of this pathogen to impair the oral epithelial barrier.
Nucleosome landscape reflects phenotypic differences in Trypanosoma cruzi life forms
Authors: Lima Alex R. J. , de Araujo Christiane B. , Bispo Saloe , Patané José , Silber Ariel M. , Elias M. Carolina , da Cunha Julia P. C.
Published: January 2021

Trypanosoma cruzi alternates between replicative and nonreplicative life forms, accompanied by a shift in global transcription levels and by changes in the nuclear architecture, the chromatin proteome and histone posttranslational modifications. To gain further insights into the epigenetic regulation that accompanies life form changes, we performed genome-wide high-resolution nucleosome mapping using two T. cruzi life forms (epimastigotes and cellular trypomastigotes). By combining a powerful pipeline that allowed us to faithfully compare nucleosome positioning and occupancy, more than 125 thousand nucleosomes were mapped, and approximately 20% of them differed between replicative and nonreplicative forms. The nonreplicative forms have less dynamic nucleosomes, possibly reflecting their lower global transcription levels and DNA replication arrest. However, dynamic nucleosomes are enriched at nonreplicative regulatory transcription initiation regions and at multigenic family members, which are associated with infective-stage and virulence factors. Strikingly, dynamic nucleosome regions are associated with GO terms related to nuclear division, translation, gene regulation and metabolism and, notably, associated with transcripts with different expression levels among life forms. Finally, the nucleosome landscape reflects the steady-state transcription expression: more abundant genes have a more deeply nucleosome-depleted region at putative 5’ splice sites, likely associated with trans-splicing efficiency. Taken together, our results indicate that chromatin architecture, defined primarily by nucleosome positioning and occupancy, reflects the phenotypic differences found among T. cruzi life forms despite the lack of a canonical transcriptional control context.
Lentiviral transduction facilitates RNA interference in the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
Authors: Hagen Jana , Sarkies Peter , Selkirk Murray E.
Published: January 2021

Animal-parasitic nematodes have thus far been largely refractory to genetic manipulation, and methods employed to effect RNA interference (RNAi) have been ineffective or inconsistent in most cases. We describe here a new approach for genetic manipulation of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a widely used laboratory model of gastrointestinal nematode infection. N. brasiliensis was successfully transduced with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G)-pseudotyped lentivirus. The virus was taken up via the nematode intestine, RNA reverse transcribed into proviral DNA, and transgene transcripts produced stably in infective larvae, which resulted in expression of the reporter protein mCherry. Improved transgene expression was achieved by incorporating the C. elegans hlh11 promoter and the tbb2 3´-UTR into viral constructs. MicroRNA-adapted short hairpin RNAs delivered in this manner were processed correctly and resulted in partial knockdown of β-tubulin isotype-1 (tbb-iso-1) and secreted acetylcholinesterase B (ache-B). The system was further refined by lentiviral delivery of double stranded RNAs, which acted as a trigger for RNAi following processing and generation of 22G-RNAs. Virus-encoded sequences were detectable in F1 eggs and third stage larvae, demonstrating that proviral DNA entered the germline and was heritable. Lentiviral transduction thus provides a new means for genetic manipulation of parasitic nematodes, including gene silencing and expression of exogenous genes.
Mundo Ibero-Americano: Entre a Tradição e a Modernidade
Authors: Pita António Pedro , Prado Maria Emilia , Sales Michelle
Published: January 2021

O livro Ibero-América entre a Tradição e a Modernidade reúne um conjunto de textos que foram, incialmente, apresentados no XIII Colóquio Tradição e Modernidade que se celebrou entre os dias 12 e 14 de novembro de 2018 em Coimbra, integrando o conjunto de realizações acadêmicas realizadas em comemoração aos vinte anos do Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares do Século XX da Universidade de Coimbra – CEIS20.
Esta obra reflete ao longo dos textos que o compõe, parte dos temas discutidos no Colóquio de 2018. Nesse particular o tema da identidade da Ibero-América se torna uma constante e se apresenta, portanto, em parte significativa dos artigos que compõe a obra.
Utopia Cidadã
Authors: Valente Isabel Maria Freitas , Aragão Alexandra
Published: January 2021

Utopia Cidadã. Este é o tema proposto para o presente número da coleção Euro-Atlântico: espaço de diálogos, que resulta de um interessante e vivo debate que aborda, de forma inter e plurisdiciplinar e em amplo espectro, a questão de algumas possibilidades utópicas na Europa e no mundo contemporâneo. (…) Poucos meses depois da sessão de reflexão coletiva que deu origem à presente obra, a pandemia global da Covid-19 colocou o mundo sob um manto de incerteza que demonstra, à exaustão, que as utopias são cada vez mais necessárias e que só através de pensamento conjunto e multidisciplinar conseguiremos avançar para um futuro mais justo e sustentável. Os desafios colocados pela pandemia, e suas devastadoras consequências, sobretudo sociais e económicas, exigem um esforço de reinvenção do mundo. A obrigação dos académicos é contribuir, com reflexões e propostas à altura dos desafios, para que o mundo pós-Covid-19 possa estar mais próximo das utopias imaginadas. Algumas delas encontram-se compiladas nesta obra.
A Europa, O Ocidente e o Mar
Authors: Valente Isabel Maria Freitas
Published: January 2021

Europa, Ocidente e o Mar – em particular na perspectiva de Portugal e de Espanha – eis o foco e elemento aglutinador dos sete capítulos que enformam este livro. Recorrendo à imagem de uma peça musical, dir-se-ia que o livro disponibiliza ao leitor como que um conjunto de variações, sobre o tema nuclear que o enforma. O resultado é a oportuna obra que o leitor tem entre mãos, e que, num quadro transdisciplinar, regista e explora em cada um dos seus capítulos outros tantos momentos e dimensões da grande saga ibérica de abertura ao mar e de configuração e reconfiguração dos respectivos Estados e do próprio Ocidente.
Migecianos, casianistas y la definición de una herejía (fin del siglo VIII – principio del IX)
Authors: Isla Frez Amancio
Published: January 2021

Se estudia a los migecianos y casianistas como un grupo con propuestas religiosas ascéticas que fue combatido por Toledo y la Iglesia hispana desde c 780. Al hacerlo, la Iglesia mostraba su capacidad para mantener viva su antigua función eclesiástica de vigilar las desviaciones religiosas. Migecianos y casianistas fueron definidos como herejes, mientras que la vieja Iglesia reforzaba su posición de ortodoxia y hacía palpable su autoridad. Las acusaciones lanzadas contra migecianos y casianistas nos permiten saber más sobre cuál fue el centro de la polémica. A pesar de la diatriba de Elipando, en estos debates la dicusión sobre las personas y la trinidad no parece haber ocupado el centro del problema; este estuvo concentrado en los temas de convivencia con los no cristianos y, sobre todo, en las cuestiones de autoridad.
A hazai kis- és középvállalkozások elektronikus banki ügyintézéssel kapcsolatos szokásai, attitűdjei és jövőképei (E-banking habits, attitudes and vision of the hungarian small and medium enterprises)
Authors: Illés B. Csaba , Fodor Zita
Published: January 2021

A közelmúltban készült kutatásban a szerzők azt vizsgálták, hogy a kis- és középvállalkozásokban az elektronikus banki ügyintézéssel kapcsolatban milyen szokásaik, attitűdjeik és jövőképeik alakultak ki. A több mint ötszáz KKV-vezetővel készült interjú alapján elmondható, hogy a vállalkozás elektronikus ügyintézéssel kapcsolatos hozzáállása egyáltalán nem, vagy csak nagyon gyenge mértékben hozható összefüggésbe a cég objektív tulajdonságaival, például a létszámmal, az árbevétellel vagy a tevékenységi körrel. Egyértelműen látszik, hogy már az elektronikus banki ügyintézéssel kapcsolatos fogalmak értelmezése is problémát jelent a KKV-vezetők egy részénél. A tudásbeli hiányosságok pedig egyértelműen befolyásolják az e-banking attitűdöt és a használati szokásokat, pedig az elektronikus csatornákat használók elégedettsége minden vizsgált bank ügyfeleinek esetében 80% fölötti értékeket mutat. Így a legfontosabb kérdés az, hogy miként lehetne megértetni a „Szkeptikusok”-kal és a „Mérlegelők”-kel, hogy érdemes a „Haladók” klaszterébe tartozni. Az ügyfélelégedettség sikertényezői egyértelműen a biztonság, az időben és térben széles körű elérhetőség és az egyszerű használat. A válaszadók jövőképe szerint a banki szolgáltatások igénybevétele egyre inkább eltolódik majd az elektronikus csatornák irányába. Jelen cikkben a kutatás legfontosabb tanulságait mutatják be a szerzők. _________ The authors’ research was conducted to explore the ebanking attitudes, habits and vision of small and medium enterprises. By the interviews of more than 500 managers of SMEs, it is concluded that e-banking attitudes are not, or not significantly related to the objective characteristics of the enterprises, e.g. to the number of employment, the revenues or its activities. It became clear, that the interpretation of the specific e-banking terms means an important problem for some managers. The deficiencies of knowledge have direct effects on e-banking attitude and the use of electronic banking methods of the enterprises, although the value of the satisfaction level is above 80% among the customers of each examined banks. Thus, the main objective is to explain to the “Scepticals” and the “Considerers” the benefits of the “Progressives” cluster. The most important success factors of customer satisfaction are safety, availability in time and space and ease of use. According to the vision of the respondents, banking services will probably be shifted towards e-channels. In this study, the most important findings of our researches were summarized.
Szabadidősport-piacok Magyarországon (Leisure sport markets in Hungary)
Authors: Szabó Ágnes
Published: January 2021

Napjainkra a sport, a valamikori egyértelműen civil tevékenység összetett, folyamatosan változó és jelentős üzleti lehetőségeket rejtő iparággá fejlődött. Ebben az iparágban a hivatásos sport esetében öt piac működik: a fogyasztói piac, a játékos piac, a szponzori piac, a közvetítési jogok piaca és a merchandising piac. A szabadidősport esetében is azonosíthatók piacok. A szerző célja e piacok magyarországi működésének bemutatása, amit 31 kvalitatív mélyinterjúhoz kapcsolódó eredményei segítségével tesz meg _____ Sport, which was the activity of the civil sphere, has become a complex, continuously changing industry with significant business opportunities. In the case of professional sports there are five markets: consumer, player, sponsor, media (broadcasting) and merchandising markets. In the case of leisure sports the author can also identify different markets. The aim of this paper is to present these markets in Hungary with the help of the results of the author’s 31 qualitative in-depth interviews.
Relativistic Equation Failure for LIGO Signals
Authors: Dongfang XD
Published: January 2021

Signal waves of the monotone increasing frequency detected by LIGO are universally considered to be gravitational waves of spiral binary stars, and the general theory of relativity is thus universally considered to have been confirmed by the experiments. Here we present a universal method for signal wave spectrum analysis, introducing the true conclusions of numerical calculation and image analysis of GW150914 signal wave. Firstly, numerical calculation results of GW150914 signal wave frequency change rate obey the com quantization law which needs to be accurately described by integers, and there is an irreconcilable difference between the results and the generalized relativistic frequency equation of the gravitational wave. Secondly, the assignment of the frequency and frequency change rate of GW10914 signal wave to the generalized relativistic frequency equation of gravitational wave constructs a non-linear equation group about the mass of wave source, and the computer image solution shows that the equation group has no GW10914 signal wave solution. Thirdly, it is not unique to calculate the chirp mass of the wave source from the different frequencies and change rates of the numerical relativistic waveform of the GW150914 signal wave, and the numerical relativistic waveform of the GW150914 signal wave deviates too far from the original waveform actually. Other LIGO signal waveforms do not have obvious characteristics of gravitational frequency variation of spiral binary stars and lack precise data, so they cannot be used for numerical analysis and image solution. Therefore, LIGO signals represented by gw50914 signal do not support the relativistic gravitational wave frequency equation. However, whether gravitational wave signals from spiral binaries that may be detected in the future follow the same co quantization law? The answer is not clear at present.
Impact Of Technological Innovation On SMEs Performance In Taraba State (A Study Of SMEs In Wukari Metropolis)
Authors: Ansho Jacob , Ozah Jonathan Peter , Mzughulga Jeremiah Iwasen
Published: January 2021

Over the years, SMEs has been the tool for economic growth of many nations. The application of technological innovations by SMEs to meet emerging business opportunities, social needs and environmental challenges has been on increase. The study investigated the impact of technological innovations on SMEs performance in Wukari metropolis. The study adopted survey research design to study a sample of 100 SMEs in the area. Primary data used for the study is structured questionnaire which was structured in a (5) five likert scale format. Data collected from the study was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistic. Simple percentage was the descriptive statistic used while ordinary least square (OLS) multiple regression, was the inferential statistic used. The study revealed that communication innovation, mobile transfer innovation and computing system innovation has significant effect on SMEs performance in Wukari metropolis. The study thus, recommend that SMEs managers should sustain and invest more on communication innovation, mobile transfer innovation and computing system innovation to improve their business and ensure cost reduction, prevention of bad debts and loss of stock.
The effect of blue and pink lotus flower extract on acne vulgaris: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Gordon Anna
Published: January 2021

Background: Acne vulgaris is one of the leading ubiquitous diseases around the world. It is a multifactorial disease which does not threaten life but has serious psychological effects on patients. Patients with moderate to severe acne have been suggested to have poor body image, poor self-esteem, and social isolation and activity constraints. Increased levels of anxiety, anger, depression and frustration are also observed in patients with acne as part of the emotional impact.

Research gap: More research onanti-acne treatmentsis necessary for two reasons. First, the prevalence of acne incidence is high and the effect on the quality of life is profound. Second, there is, according to the numerous studies, a lack of ant-acne treatments that have less side effect. The use ofmedicinal plants and particularly blue and pink lotus flower extract, with its autoinflammatory effect, could be promising. The blue and pink lotus flower extract is suggested to reduces the activity of sebum overproduction and helps to balance sebum secretion.

Objective:The objective of this study was to examine the medical efficacy ofblue and pink lotus flower extract in acne vulgaris.

Method:In a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial, 42 patients (21 patients in treatment and 21 in placebo group) were randomly received Nymphaea Caerulea Flower Extract, Nelumbo Nucifera Flower and placebo extract, twice daily for 1 month. We recorded he Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) grading score for each participant. In addition, we evaluated the Acne disability index (ADI) utilizing a standard questionnaire filled out by the participants at the beginning and at the end of the study.

Results:The results indicated a 76% mean reduction in the IGA score on the treated group. The mean reduction in the vehicle-treated group, on the other hand, was 4.2%. We also found that the number of comedones, papules, and pustules significantly reduced in the treatment group after 30 days. Additionally, the Acne disability index (ADI) score decreased by 65.01 percent in treatment group, and only 5.6 percent in the placebo group. The current study could not discover any significant side effect in both groups.

Conclusion:The blue and pink lotus flower extract had significant effects on
improving the symptoms of acnevulgaris. The results of this study, because of the small sample size, should however be interpreted with caution. The future study on the medical efficacy of the mentioned extract should examine with larger samples.
Small samples, unreasonable generalizations, and outliers: Gender bias in student evaluation of teaching or three unhappy students?
Authors: Uttl Bob , Violo Victoria C.
Published: January 2021

In a widely cited and widely talked about study, MacNell et al. (2015) [1] examined SET ratings of one female and one male instructor, each teaching two sections of the same online course, one section under their true gender and the other section under false/opposite gender. MacNell et al. concluded that students rated perceived female instructors more harshly than perceived male instructors, demonstrating gender bias against perceived female instructors. Boring, Ottoboni, and Stark (2016) [2] re-analyzed MacNell et al.’s data and confirmed their conclusions. However, the design of MacNell et al. study is fundamentally flawed. First, MacNell et al.’ section sample sizes were extremely small, ranging from 8 to 12 students. Second, MacNell et al. included only one female and one male instructor. Third, MacNell et al.’s findings depend on three outliers – three unhappy students (all in perceived female conditions) who gave their instructors the lowest possible ratings on all or nearly all SET items. We re-analyzed MacNell et al.’s data with and without the three outliers. Our analyses showed that the gender bias against perceived female instructors disappeared. Instead, students rated the actual female vs. male instructor higher, regardless of perceived gender. MacNell et al.’s study is a real-life demonstration that conclusions based on extremely small sample-sized studies are unwarranted and uninterpretable.
AL-QUR’AN DAN ETIKA DAKWAH VIRTUAL
Authors: Kumala Nur
Published: January 2021

The current era of disruption makes it easier for humans to convey and receive new information, especially about religion. However, in fact there are still some people who shut themselves off to convey the goodness that they know. Seeing this condition and the massive radicalization that has occurred in the internet media, a solution is needed to answer it. This article, which is a qualitative type of research with literature study through a content analysis approach to the verses of the Koran, has resulted in a new understanding of the importance of virtual da'wah for the process of spreading the Rahmatan lil 'Alamin Islam to all people in the world, so that da'wah on the internet is not it only explains in terms of its superiority, but also the purpose of da'wah which must be developed with several ethics that must be considered according to the Qur'an, including media skills, scientific and moral credibility, as well as polite da'wah material, namely upholding compassion (not advocating let alone giving hate speech).Era disrupsi saat ini menjadikan manusia lebih mudah untuk menyampaikan dan menerima informasi baru, terutama tentang agama. Namun, kenyatannya masih terdapat beberapa orang yang menutup diri untuk menyampaikan kebaikan yang ia ketahui. Melihat kondisi demikian serta masifnya radikalisasi yang terjadi di media internet, maka dibutuhkan solusi untuk menjawabnya. Artikel ini yang merupakan penelitian jenis kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan melalui pendekatan analisis isi terhadap ayat Al-Qur’an yang menghasilkan pemahaman baru terkait pentingnya dakwah virtual bagi proses penyebaran agama Islam yang Rahmatan lil ‘Alamin bagi seluruh umat di dunia, sehingga dakwah di internet tidak hanya menjelaskan dari sisi keunggulannya saja, tapi juga tujuan dakwah yang harus dikembangkan dengan beberapa etika yang harus diperhatikan menurut Al-Qur’an, diantaranya kecakapan bermedia, kredibiltas keilmuwan dan akhlak, serta materi dakwah yang santun, yaitu menjunjung tinggi rasa kasih sayang (tidak memprofokasi apalagi memberikan ujaran kebencian).
First encounters in the north: cultural diversity and gene flow in Early Mesolithic Scandinavia
Authors: Manninen Mikael A. , Damlien Hege , Kleppe Jan Ingolf , Knutsson Kjel , Murashkin Anton , Niemi Anja R. , Rosenvinge Carine S. , Persson Per
Published: January 2021

Population genetic studies often overlook the evidence for variability and change in past material culture. Here, the authors use a Mesolithic example to demonstrate the importance of integrating archaeological evidence into the interpretation of the Scandinavian hunter-gatherer genetic group. Genetic studies conclude that this group resulted from two single-event dispersals into Scandinavia before 7500 BC. Archaeological evidence, however, shows at least six immigration events pre-dating the earliest DNA, and that the first incoming groups arrived in Scandinavia before 9000 BC. The findings underline the importance of conducting careful archaeological analysis of prehistoric human dispersal in tandem with the study of ancient population genomics.
CT Imaging Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus
Authors: Yao Tianhong , Lin Huirong , Mao Jingsong , Huo Shuaidong , Liu Gang
Published: January 2021

Novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute, infectious pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus infection. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging is one of the main methods to screen and diagnose patients with this disease. Here, the importance and clinical value of chest CT examination in the diagnosis of COVID-19 is expounded, and the pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 patients in different stages are briefly summarized, thus providing a reference document for the CT diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
Nauczyciele akademiccy wobec kryzysowej edukacji zdalnej
Authors:   Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie, Romaniuk Miłosz Wawrzyniec , Łukasiewicz-Wieleba Joanna ,   Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej w Warszawie, Kohut Svitlana ,   Ukraiński Katolicki Uniwersytet we Lwowie
Published: January 2021

Edukacja zdalna realizowana w czasach kryzysu, wprowadzana w sposób nagły, bez uprzedniego przygotowania nauczycieli akademickich i uczelni, stanowiła dla wszystkich wykładowców nowe, nierzadko trudne doświadczenie. Konieczność korzystania z własnego sprzętu i domowego dostępu do internetu oraz brak czasu na przygotowanie realizowanych zajęć adekwatnie do wymogów technicznych i merytorycznych dydaktyki zdalnej sprawiły, że jakość edukacji uzależniona była od kompetencji i pomysłowości poszczególnych wykładowców. Proces nauczania utrudniał także brak gotowości studentów do podjęcia nauki w trybie zdalnym. Doświadczenia związane z kryzysową edukacją zdalną stały się udziałem nauczycieli akademickich większości uczelni, w których dotychczas taki tryb nauczania stanowił niewielki procent aktywności dydaktycznej. Celem podjętych w tym artykule analiz było poznanie i porównanie doświadczeń związanych z kryzysową edukacją zdalną zdobytych przez nauczycieli akademickich z dwóch uczelni, polskiej i ukraińskiej.
PathogenicGRM7Mutations Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Impair Axon Outgrowth and Presynaptic Terminal Development
Authors: Song Jae-man , Kang Minji , Park Da-ha , Park Sunha , Lee Sanghyeon , Suh Young Ho
Published: January 2021

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is an inhibitory heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptor that modulates neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity at presynaptic terminals in the mammalian central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that rare mutations in glutamate receptors and synaptic scaffold proteins are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the role of presynaptic mGlu7 in the pathogenesis of NDDs remains largely unknown. Recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies in families with NDDs have revealed that several missense mutations (c.1865G>A:p.R622Q; c.461T>C:p.I154T; c.1972C>T:p.R658W and c.2024C>A:p.T675K) or a nonsense mutation (c.1757G>A:p.W586X) in theGRM7gene may be linked to NDDs. In the present study, we investigated the mechanistic links betweenGRM7point mutations and NDD pathology. We find that the pathogenic GRM7 I154T and R658W/T675K mutations lead to the degradation of the mGlu7 protein. In particular, the GRM7 R658W/T675K mutation results in a lack of surface mGlu7 expression in heterologous cells and cultured neurons isolated from male and female rat embryos. We demonstrate that the expression of mGlu7 variants or exposure to mGlu7 antagonists impairs axon outgrowth through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway during early neuronal development, which subsequently leads to a decrease in the number of presynaptic terminals in mature neurons. Treatment with an mGlu7 agonist restores the pathologic phenotypes caused by mGlu7 I154T but not by mGlu7 R658W/T675K because of its lack of neuronal surface expression. These findings provide evidence that stable neuronal surface expression of mGlu7 is essential for neural development and that mGlu7 is a promising therapeutic target for NDDs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) affect brain development and function by multiple etiologies. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu7) is a receptor that controls excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Since accumulating evidence indicates that theGRM7gene locus is associated with NDD risk, we analyzed the functional effects of humanGRM7variants identified in patients with NDDs. We demonstrate that stable neuronal surface expression of mGlu7 is essential for axon outgrowth and presynaptic terminal development in neurons. We found that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling and subsequent cytoskeletal dynamics are defective because of the degradation of mGlu7 variants. Finally, we show that the defects caused by mGlu7 I154T can be reversed by agonists, providing the rationale for proposing mGlu7 as a potential therapeutic target for NDDs.
Leveraging Student Misconceptions to Improve Teaching of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Authors: Fuchs Travis T. , Bonney Kevin M. , Arsenault Mike
Published: January 2021

Students come to science class with many ideas of how the natural world works, some of which do not match the consensus of the scientific community and can lead to misunderstandings. Because a growing body of educational research indicates that these misconceptions can serve as resources for learning, we developed a four-point plan to leverage knowledge of common misconceptions to improve classroom teaching by refining instructional focus, providing opportunities for reflective practice, applying evidence-based practices, and promoting exploration of learning theories. By sharing this plan with our teaching colleagues, we were able to foster a collaborative approach to our and others’ practice. To do this, we compiled a resource bank of common student misconceptions using data collected from the University of Toronto’s National Biology Competition, developed a guide for using this misconception resource bank to promote best teaching practices, then shared this plan with our teaching colleagues in order to foster a collaborative approach to our pedagogy. In this article, we present the resource bank and guide and provide teaching tips that can be applied to a wide array of scientific course types and educational levels.
Why Does the IAT Reveal a Preference for Stimuli Said to Be Paired With an Unpleasant Sound? Stalking the Unexpected
Authors: Mattavelli Simone , Van Dessel Pieter , De Houwer Jan
Published: January 2021

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most widely used measure to assess automatic evaluations. One classic phenomenon that has been well established both using the IAT and self-report measures of liking is evaluative conditioning (EC), which refers to a change in the evaluation of a stimulus due to its pairing with another stimulus. Research has documented that EC can also occur when participants are merely informed about upcoming stimulus pairings. In a recent study, participants reported a more negative evaluation of non-words that were instructed to be followed by an unpleasant sound compared to non-words that would not to be followed by this sound (De Houwer, Mattavelli, & Van Dessel, 2019). Interestingly, however, an unexpected pattern was observed on an IAT, that is, a preference for the stimulus said to be followed by the sound. We report three pre-registered experiments (N = 650) in which we manipulated different aspects of the procedure such as the stimuli, instructions, and the measure, but that still revealed the same dissociation. Based on three pilot experiments (N = 92), we then conducted a registered report study (Experiment 4) testing whether the unexpected effect depends on how the USs are labelled in the instructions. Although describing the aversive sound as negative eliminated the unexpected IAT effect, the type of instruction only had a weak impact on IAT effects. These results are in line with prior evidence showing that IAT scores are malleable.
КОРЕКЦІЯ ПОРУШЕНЬ СКЛЕПІНЧАСТОГО АПАРАТУ СТОПИ У МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ ЗАСОБАМИ ТАЕКВОН-ДО
Authors: Випасняк Ігор , Мицкан Богдан , Мицкан Тетяна , Войчишин Лілія
Published: January 2021

Мета. Виявити вплив засобів таеквон-до на корекцію плоскостопості у молодших школярів.Методи. До педагогічного експерименту, за згодою батьків, було залучено 25 дітей чоловічої статі віком 7–10 років, з І–ІІ ступенем плоскостопості, з числа учнів 2–4 класів закладів середньої освіти м.Івано-Франківська. Секційні заняття проводилися під керівництвом тренера-інструктора з таеквон-до тричі на тиждень протягом 9-ти місяців, тривалістю 60 хвилин. Максимальна ЧСС не перевищувала 140 уд/хв. Для дослідження стопи використовували метод Е.Г. Мартиросова [4], який передбачає зняття відбитків підошовної поверхні стоп (плантограми). Результати. Виокремлюють наступні фактори,які впливають на розвиток плоскостопості: недорозвинені м’язи стопи, слабкість м’язово-зв’язкового апарату, надмірні фізичні навантаження, надлишкова вага, тривала гіпокінезія, неправильно підібране взуття, косолапість, ікс-подібна форма ніг, травми стопи та надп’ятковогомілкового суглобу, а також генетично детермінована форма стопи. Розробка нових і вдосконалення існуючих засобів збереження соматичного здоров’я дітей молодшого шкільного віку та відновлення їх організму при різних порушеннях є одним із важливих завдань фізичної культури. В цьому контексті була розроблена інноваційна програма для дітей молодшого шкільного віку з порушеннями склепінчастого апарату стопи. В підготовчій частині заняття, окрім гімнастичних вправ для різних груп м’язів, використовували комплекс суглобової гімнастики з метою підготовки організму молодших школярів до виконання технічнихелементів таеквон-до. В основній частині заняття акцент робився на вивчення й удосконалення базових ударів ногами, а в заключній використовували релаксаційні вправи, самомасаж, дихальну гімнастику. Аналіз плантограм зроблених до початку і в кінці педагогічного експерименту дозволив встановити вірогідне покращення коефіцієнту К, пяточного кута і кутів біля першого і п’ятого пальців, що є свідченням повної корекції плоскостопості. Висновок. Отже встановлено, що комплексне застосування засобів таеквон-до і суглобової гімнастики забезпечує нормалізацію склепінчастого апарату стопи у дітей молодшого шкільного віку з І-ІІ ступенем плоскостопості.Ключові слова: молодші школярі, плоскостопість, таеквондо.
СТАН ПРОСТОРОВОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ТІЛА ЮНИХ СПОРТСМЕНІВ ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ Й УПРОВАДЖЕННЯ КОРЕКЦІЙНО-ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНИХ ЗАХОДІВ У ТРЕНУВАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС
Authors: Кашуба Віталій , Ярош Георгій , Крикун Юрій , Хабінець Тамара , Домашенко Наталія , Шанковський Андрій
Published: January 2021

Мета. Узагальнення теоретичних знань, вітчизняного та зарубіжного досвіду в галузі використання технологій зберігання та коригування здоров’я у процесі підготовки юних спортсменів, а також у визначенні перспектив їхнього застосування за сучасних умов. Методи. Аналіз і систематизація данихнауково-методичної літератури, інформаційних ресурсів мережі Інтернет. Результати. На сучасному етапі методика спортивної підготовки позначена втіленням низки радикальних змін, спричинених посиленою конкуренцією на найбільш визнаних у світі змаганнях і актуалізацією тренувальних програм, виконання яких здебільшого вимагає перевищення адаптаційного потенціалу людського організму. Найбільш нагальною щодо розв’язання означена проблема постає на початкових етапах багаторічної підготовки дітей і підлітків, специфіку яких складає інтенсивне витрачання резервів їхнього організму на природний ріст і розвиток. Перспективи подальших досліджень убачаємо передусім у розробленні технології профілактики та корекції порушень просторової організації тіла юних спортсменів. Тому навчально-тренувальні заняття таких спортсменів набудуть не тільки спортивно-результативної, а й оздоровчої спрямованості за умов: урахування під час програмування та конкретного планування засобівспортивного тренування індивідуальних характеристик просторової організації тіла юних спортсменів, рівня їхньої фізичної підготовленості та послідовності виконання ними завдань фізичного вдосконалення. Висновок. Виконання тренувальних навантажень, які перевищують адаптаційний потенціал організму підлітків, інтенсивне витрачання резервів їхнього організму на природний ріст і розвиток й диференціацію фізіологічних систем висуває цілу низку проблем щодо збереження їх здоров’я. Складність вирішення цієї проблеми посилюють такі фактори, як: рання спеціалізація в спорті та негативний вплив на організм щоденних тренувань з граничними (піковими) фізичними навантаженнями. Відтак, виникають суперечності між підвищеними вимогами до підготовленості юних спортсменів, пов’язаними з потребою систематичного зростання результатів, і обмеженими функціональними можливостями їхнього організму на ранньому етапі онтогенезу.Ключові слова: порушення просторової організації тіла, юні спортсмени, корекційно-профілактичні заходи.
АНАЛІЗ СИСТЕМИ ТРЕНУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ СПОРТСМЕНОК З ПЛЯЖНОГО ВОЛЕЙБОЛУ В РІЧНОМУ МАКРОЦИКЛІ НА ЕТАПІ СПЕЦІАЛІЗОВАНОЇ БАЗОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Нестеренко Наталія , Крюковська Олександра
Published: January 2021

Мета. Розкрити особливості тренувального процесу юних спортсменок 14–15 років з пляжного волейболу у річному макроциклі на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки. Методи. Для реалізації мети дослідження використовували: аналіз науково-методичної літератури та планів підготовки юних волейболісток; педагогічне спостереження; оцінку технічної підготовленості; контрольні випробування; педагогічний експеримент; методи математичної статистики. Аналіз системи підготовки та особливості навчально-тренувального процесу з пляжного волейболу в річному макроциклі на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки проводився в спортивних школах міста у відповідності до діючих програм. Результати. Система тренувального процесу у пляжному волейболі на етапі спеціалізованої базової підготовки здійснюється на основі двох циклового річного макроциклу. При цьому обсяг тренувальних занять складає 960 годин протягом року (20 годин на тиждень). Відтак, на теоретичну підготовку відведено 30 годин, загальну і спеціальну фізичну – 295, технічну – 324, тактичну – 150, змагальну – 135 і на тестування 26 годин. Двох циклова структура річного макроциклу складається з трьох періодів – підготовчого, змагального та перехідного. Перший цикл охоплює 7 календарних місяців,другий – 5. До структури у відповідності до поставлених завдань увійшли: втягуючий, базові, передзмагальні, змагальні та відновлювальні мезоцикли, втягуючі, ударні, модельні, змагальні та відновлювальні мікроцикли. Висновок. Встановлено, що система підготовки юних волейболісток 14–15 років з пляжного волейболу здійснюється на підставі програм для ДЮСШ, СДЮШОР, ШВСМ України. На підставі аналізу навчального плану встановлено, що протягом першого циклу річного макроциклу на загальну фізичну підготовку витрачається 30–35% від загального часу, об’єм технічної підготовки складає 35–40%, а тактичної, ігрової та спеціальної фізичної підготовки – 25–35%. У другому циклі річного макроциклу загальнв фізична підготовка планується в обсязі 20–25% від загального часу, технічна 30–35%, а тактична, ігрова та спеціальна фізична – 40–50%.Ключові слова: пляжний волейбол, юні спортсменки, річний макроцикл підготовки.
Poesía, género y educación: de Mistral y Storni a Luque, Lanseros y Berbel
Authors: Martínez León Patricia
Published: January 2021

La poesía escrita por mujeres en español no ha obtenido en el currículum ni en los libros de texto de Secundaria el espacio que merecería. Por ello en este trabajo presentamos una propuesta didáctica para acercarla a los estudiantes de último curso, que persigue, además, propiciar una fértil reflexión en torno a tópicos de género diversos, su formación en calidad de lectores críticos, una iniciación a la escritura creativa y una construcción reflexiva de sus identidades genéricas. Previamente realizamos una breve introducción teórica en la que analizamos los factores conducentes a la relegación de la poesía en Secundaria, las prácticas que se aconsejan y desaconsejan para una educación poética exitosa, la exclusión histórica de las mujeres del canon y la importancia de su inclusión o el fenómeno del reciente boom de la poesía escrita por mujeres en español y de las poetas best seller y sus implicaciones educativas.