bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demucilaging Freshly Stored Seeds of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Improves Seedling Emergence and Growth
Authors: Adu Michael O. , Cobbinah Thomas , Asare Paul A. , Yawson David O. , Taah Kingsley J.
Published: January 2017

Fresh seeds of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) are covered by a large amount of mucilage, which plays important ecological roles. However, for stored seeds, mucilage can adversely affect germination. This study investigated the effect of mucilage removal (demucilaging) and seed storage of freshly extracted cocoa seeds on seedling emergence and growth. The study showed that demucilaging cocoa seeds confers several advantages over mucilage intact seeds provided the seeds have been stored for at least three days before sowing. Demucilaging increased germination rate (T50) and percentage germination and presence of mucilage increased days to seedling emergence and cessation of germination when seeds were stored for over two days. For up to 21 days of seed storage, there was generally no difference in many traits for demucilaged seeds. Demucilaged seeds had 80–100% germination after 21 days of storage, and rate of germination increased with increasing duration of seed storage. Intact mucilage seeds maintained 80–100% germination for only 2 days after seed extraction and rate of germination decreased with increasing seed storage duration. We conclude that (i) if seeds are sown on the day of extraction demucilaging before sowing would be superfluous and (ii) demucilaging and storage can provide advantages to smallholder farmers when environmental or socioeconomic conditions preclude immediate sowing.
Surface Modification of SnO2with Phosphonic Acids
Authors: Gheonea Ramona , Mak Carmen , Crasmareanu Eleonora Cornelia , Simulescu Vasile , Plesu Nicoleta , Ilia Gheorghe
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present work was the study of phosphonic acids grafting on the surface of SnO2at different molar ratios. In this paper we describe the functionalization of SnO2surfaces with phosphonic acids RPO(OH)2. The surface modification process was achieved by using phenyl-phosphonic acid (PPA) and vinyl-phosphonic acid (VPA). The synthesized materials were investigated by using FT-IR, TGA (in air and in nitrogen), EDX, ESEM, and TEM methods. This synthetic approach has many advantages: films with optical quality and controlled thickness can be obtained using low temperatures and cheap raw materials, by using “green chemistry” synthetic routes. The hybrid materials have structures diversity and fascinating applications, attracting attention for a long time, due to their potential.
Novel Synthetic Monothiourea Aspirin Derivatives Bearing Alkylated Amines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Nordin Norsyafikah Asyilla , Chai Tchan Wei , Tan Bee Ling , Choi Ching Liang , Abd Halim Ainaa Nadiah , Hussain Hasnain , Ngaini Zainab
Published: January 2017

A new series of aspirin bearing alkylated amines moieties1–12were synthesised by reacting isothiocyanate with a series of aniline derivatives in overall yield of 16–56%. The proposed structures of all the synthesised compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR, and1H and  13C NMR spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities againstE. coliandS. aureus viaturbidimetric kinetic and Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Compound5bearingmeta-CH3substituent showed the highest relative inhibition zone diameter against tested bacteria compared toorthoandparasubstituent. Furthermore, aspirin derivatives bearing shorter chains exhibited better bacterial inhibition than longer alkyl chains.
Development and Reliability of the Basic Skill Assessment Tool for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pongsaksri Maethisa , Lersilp Suchitporn , Suchart Sumana
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve upon the first version of the basic work skills assessment tool for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and examine interrater and intrarater reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The modified tool includes 2 components: (1) three tasks measuring work abilities and work attitudes and (2) a form to record the number of verbal and nonverbal prompts. 26 participants were selected by purposive sampling and divided into 3 groups—group 1 (10 subjects, aged 11–13 years), group 2 (10, aged 14–16 years), and group 3 (6, aged 17–19 years). The results show that interrater reliabilities of work abilities and work attitudes were high in all groups except that the work attitude in group 1 was moderate. Intrarater reliabilities of work abilities in group 1 and group 2 were high. Group 3 was moderate. Intrarater reliabilities of work attitudes in group 1 and group 3 were high but not in group 2 in which they were moderate. Nevertheless, interrater and intrarater reliabilities in the total scores of all groups were high, which implies that this tool is applicable for adolescents aged 11–19 years with consideration of relevance for each group.
Hemorrhagic Colloid Cyst Presenting with Acute Hydrocephaly
Authors: Akhavan Reza , Zandi Behrouz , Pezeshki-Rad Masoud , Farrokh Donya , Abbasi Bita
Published: January 2017

Colloid cysts are benign slow-growing cystic lesions located on the roof of the third ventricle that usually present with symptoms related to gradual rise of intracranial pressure. They mostly remain asymptomatic and sometimes grow progressively and cause diverse symptoms associated with increased intracranial pressure such as headache, diplopia, and sixth cranial nerve palsy. Here we report a 47-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with acute severe headache and nausea/vomiting. On MRI examination acute hydrocephaly due to hemorrhagic colloid cyst was detected. Acute hemorrhage in colloid cysts is extremely rare and may present with symptoms of acute increase in the intracranial pressure. Intracystic hemorrhage is very rarely reported as a complication of colloid cyst presenting with paroxysmal symptoms of acute hydrocephaly.
Isolated Ro52 Antibodies as Immunological Marker of a Mild Phenotype of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Alonso-Larruga Ana , Bustabad Sagrario , Navarro-Gonzálvez José Antonio , Rodríguez-Lozano Beatriz , Franco Andrés , Barrios Yvelise
Published: January 2017

The term undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) is used to describe undiagnosed patients that do not fulfill classification criteria for definite connective tissue disease (Systemic Lupus, Systemic Sclerosis, Sjögren Syndrome, and Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis). It is important to find serological markers as predictors of the evolution or severity of these diseases. The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate if there was a milder subgroup of UCTD with a special clinical profile consisting only in the presence of anti-Ro52 autoantibodies. Immunological and clinical records of 62 patients attending the hospital during 30 months were studied. Results showed a target population formed by mostly women, aged between 40 and 80 years at the moment of the study, with a registered age of onset between 40 and 60 years. Speckled pattern was the most frequent pattern found by indirect immunofluorescence. Given the obtained results and keeping in mind possible limitations because of sample size, isolated positive anti-Ro52 autoantibodies seem to lead to a benign effect in terms of evolution of the disease. As a future objective, the follow-up of these patients should be necessary to investigate new clinical symptoms, serological markers, or development of a definite connective tissue disease over time.
Unusual Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Ocular Leishmaniasis
Authors: Doroodgar Masoud , Doroodgar Moein , Doroodgar Abbas
Published: January 2017

The leishmaniases are parasitic diseases that are transmitted to humans by infected female sandflies. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of 3 main forms of the disease. CL is the most common form of the disease and is endemic in many urban and rural parts of Iran and usually caused by two species ofLeishmania:L. majorandL. tropica.We report a case of unusual leishmaniasis with 25 lesions on exposed parts of the body and right eyelid involvement (ocular leishmaniasis). The patient was a 75-year-old male farmer referred to health care center in Aran va Bidgol city. The disease was diagnosed by direct smear, culture, and PCR from the lesions. PCR was positive forLeishmania major.
Comparison of Maximum Stretch Forces between Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Capsulotomy and Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis
Authors: Takagi Mari , Kojima Takashi , Ichikawa Kei , Tanaka Yoshiki , Kato Yukihito , Horai Rie , Tamaoki Akeno , Ichikawa Kazuo
Published: January 2017

The current study reports comparing the postoperative mechanical properties of the anterior capsule between femtosecond laser capsulotomy (FLC) and continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) of variable size and shape in porcine eyes. All CCCs were created using capsule forceps. Irregular or eccentric CCCs were also created to simulate real cataract surgery. For FLC, capsulotomies 5.3 mm in diameter were created using the LenSx® (Alcon) platform. Fresh porcine eyes were used in all experiments. The edges of the capsule openings were pulled at a constant speed using two L-shaped jigs. Stretch force and distance were recorded over time, and the maximum values in this regard were defined as those that were recorded when the capsule broke. There was no difference in maximum stretch force between CCC and FLC. There were no differences in circularity between FLC and same-sized CCC. However, same-sized CCC did show significantly higher maximum stretch forces than FLC. Teardrop-shaped CCC showed lower maximum stretch forces than same-sized CCC and FLC. Heart-shaped CCC showed lower maximum stretch forces than same-sized CCC. Conclusively, while capsule edge strength after CCC varied depending on size or irregularities, FLC had the advantage of stable maximum stretch forces.
A Single Perioperative Injection of Dexamethasone Decreases Nausea, Vomiting, and Pain after Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy
Authors: Yamanaga Shigeyoshi , Posselt Andrew Mark , Freise Chris Earl , Kobayashi Takaaki , Tavakol Mehdi , Kang Sang-Mo
Published: January 2017

Background. A single dose of perioperative dexamethasone (8–10 mg) reportedly decreases postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain but has not been widely used in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN). Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of living donors who underwent LDN between 2013 and 2015. Donors who received a lower dose (4–6 mg)  (n=70) or a higher dose (8–14 mg) of dexamethasone (n=100) were compared with 111 donors who did not receive dexamethasone (control). Outcomes and incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain within 24 h after LDN were compared before and after propensity-score matching. Results. The higher dose of dexamethasone reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting incidences by 28% (P=0.010) compared to control, but the lower dose did not. Total opioid use was 29% lower in donors who received the higher dose than in control (P=0.004). The higher dose was identified as an independent factor for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. Postoperative complication rates and hospital stays did not differ between the groups. After propensity-score matching, the results were the same as for the unmatched analysis. Conclusion. A single perioperative injection of 8–14 mg dexamethasone decreases antiemetic and narcotic requirements in the first 24 h, with no increase in surgical complications.
The Effect of Obesity and Increased Waist Circumference on the Outcome of Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Authors: Hennessey D. B. , Bolton E. M. , Thomas A. Z. , Manecksha R. P. , Lynch T. H.
Published: January 2017

Introduction. The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity can be determined by body mass index (BMI); however waist circumference (WC) is a better measure of central obesity. This study evaluates the outcome of laparoscopic nephrectomy on patients with an abnormal WC.Methods. A WC of >88 cm for women and >102 cm for men was defined as obese. Data collected included age, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, renal function, anaesthetic duration, surgery duration, blood loss, complications, and duration of hospital stay.Results. 144 patients were assessed; 73 (50.7%) of the patients had abnormal WC for their gender. There was no difference between the groups for conversion to open surgery, number of ports used, blood loss, and complications. Abnormal WC was associated with a longer median anaesthetic duration, 233 min, IQR (215–265) versus 204 min, IQR (190–210),p=0.0022, and operative duration, 178 min, IQR (160–190) versus 137 min, IQR (128–162),p<0.0001. Patients with an abnormal WC also had a longer inpatient stay,p=0.0436.Conclusion. Laparoscopic nephrectomy is safe in obese patients. However, obese patients should be informed that their obesity prolongs the anaesthetic duration and duration of the surgery and is associated with a prolonged recovery.
The Parenteral Vitamin C Improves Sepsis and Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome via Preventing Cellular Immunosuppression
Authors: Gao Yu-Lei , Lu Bin , Zhai Jian-Hua , Liu Yan-Cun , Qi Hai-Xia , Yao Ying , Chai Yan-Fen , Shou Song-Tao
Published: January 2017

Cellular immunosuppression appears to be involved in sepsis and sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Recent evidence showed that parenteral vitamin C (Vit C) had the ability to attenuate sepsis and sepsis-induced MODS. Herein, we investigated the impact of parenteral Vit C on cellular immunosuppression and the therapeutic value in sepsis. Using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis was induced in WT and Gulo−/− mice followed with 200 mg/Kg parenteral Vit C administration. The immunologic functions of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD4+CD25− T cells, as well as the organ functions, were determined. Administration of parenteral Vit C per se markedly improved the outcome of sepsis and sepsis-induced MODS of WT and Gulo−/− mice. The negative immunoregulation of Tregs was inhibited, mainly including inhibiting the expression of forkhead helix transcription factor- (Foxp-) 3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen- (CTLA-) 4, membrane associated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-βm+), and the secretion of inhibitory cytokines [including TGF-β and interleukin- (IL-) 10], as well as CD4+ T cells-mediated cellular immunosuppression which was improved by parenteral Vit C in WT and Gulo−/− septic mice. These results suggested that parenteral Vit C has the ability to improve the outcome of sepsis and sepsis-induced MODS and is associated with improvement in cellular immunosuppression.
Iron Supplementation Effects on Redox Status following Aseptic Skeletal Muscle Trauma in Adults and Children
Authors: Deli Chariklia K. , Fatouros Ioannis G. , Paschalis Vassilis , Tsiokanos Athanasios , Georgakouli Kalliopi , Zalavras Athanasios , Avloniti Alexandra , Koutedakis Yiannis , Jamurtas Athanasios Z.
Published: January 2017

Exercise‐induced skeletal muscle microtrauma is characterized by loss of muscle cell integrity, marked aseptic inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. We examined if iron supplementation would alter redox status after eccentric exercise. In a randomized, double blind crossover study, that was conducted in two cycles, healthy adults (n = 14) and children (n = 11) received daily either 37 mg of elemental iron or placebo for 3 weeks prior to and up to 72 h after an acute eccentric exercise bout. Blood was drawn at baseline, before exercise, and 72 h after exercise for the assessment of iron status, creatine kinase activity (CK), and redox status. Iron supplementation at rest increased iron concentration and transferrin saturation (p < 0.01). In adults, CK activity increased at 72 h after exercise, while no changes occurred in children. Iron supplementation increased TBARS at 72 h after exercise in both adults and children; no changes occurred under placebo condition. Eccentric exercise decreased bilirubin concentration at 72 h in all groups. Iron supplementation can alter redox responses after muscle‐damaging exercise in both adults and children. This could be of great importance not only for healthy exercising individuals, but also in clinical conditions which are characterized by skeletal muscle injury and inflammation, yet iron supplementation is crucial for maintaining iron homeostasis. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02374619.
MiRNA-Sequence Indicates That Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Exosomes Have Similar Mechanism to Enhance Cardiac Repair
Authors: Shao Lianbo , Zhang Yu , Lan Beibei , Wang Juanjuan , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Lulu , Xiao Pengli , Meng Qingyou , Geng Yong-jian , Yu Xi-yong , Li Yangxin
Published: January 2017

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) repair infarcted heart through paracrine mechanism. We sought to compare the effectiveness of MSCs and MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) in repairing infarcted hearts and to identify how MSC-Exo mediated cardiac repair is regulated. In a rat myocardial infarction model, we found that MSC-Exo inhibited cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and improved cardiac function. The beneficial effects of MSC-Exo were significantly superior compared to that of MSCs. To explore the potential mechanisms underlying MSC-Exo’s effects, we performed several in vitro experiments and miRNA-sequence analysis. MSC-Exo stimulated cardiomyocyte H9C2 cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis induced by H2O2, and inhibited TGF-β induced transformation of fibroblast cell into myofibroblast. Importantly, novel miRNA sequencing results indicated that MSC-Exo and MSCs have similar miRNA expression profile, which could be one of the reasons that MSC-Exo can replace MSCs for cardiac repair. In addition, the expression of several miRNAs from MSC-Exo was significantly different from that of MSCs, which may explain why MSC-Exo has better therapeutic effect than MSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MSC-Exo could be used alone to promote cardiac repair and are superior to MSCs in repairing injured myocardium.
The Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Quality Control of Flours Obtained from Polish Producers
Authors: Sujka Katarzyna , Koczoń Piotr , Ceglińska Alicja , Reder Magdalena , Ciemniewska-Żytkiewicz Hanna
Published: January 2017

Samples of wheat, spelt, rye, and triticale flours produced by different Polish mills were studied by both classic chemical methods and FT-IR MIR spectroscopy. An attempt was made to statistically correlate FT-IR spectral data with reference data with regard to content of various components, for example, proteins, fats, ash, and fatty acids as well as properties such as moisture, falling number, and energetic value. This correlation resulted in calibrated and validated statistical models for versatile evaluation of unknown flour samples. The calibration data set was used to construct calibration models with use of the CSR and the PLS with the leave one-out, cross-validation techniques. The calibrated models were validated with a validation data set. The results obtained confirmed that application of statistical models based on MIR spectral data is a robust, accurate, precise, rapid, inexpensive, and convenient methodology for determination of flour characteristics, as well as for detection of content of selected flour ingredients. The obtained models’ characteristics were as follows: R2=0.97, PRESS = 2.14; R2=0.96, PRESS = 0.69; R2=0.95, PRESS = 1.27; R2=0.94, PRESS = 0.76, for content of proteins, lipids, ash, and moisture level, respectively. Best results of CSR models were obtained for protein, ash, and crude fat (R2=0.86; 0.82; and 0.78, resp.).
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda in a Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Case of Successful Treatment with Deferoxamine and Ferric Carboxymaltose
Authors: Rodrigues Natacha , Caeiro Fernando , Santana Alice , Mendes Teresa , Lopes Leonor
Published: January 2017

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a rare disease, with a strong association with hepatitis C virus. PCT is particularly problematic in end-stage renal disease patients as they have no renal excretion of porphyrins and these are poorly dialyzed. Also, conventional treatment of PCT is compromised in these patients as hydroxychloroquine is contraindicated, phlebotomies with the stipulated frequency are poorly tolerated in already anaemia-prone patients, and iron-chelating agents are less efficient in removing iron and contribute to worsening anaemia. The authors report a patient on haemodialysis, with hepatitis C infection, that is diagnosed with PCT. Despite the good clinical results with deferoxamine, she became dependent on blood transfusions because of her ferropenic state. Every time oxide iron was started, the patient developed clinical features of the disease, resolving after the suspension of the drug. A decision was made to start the patient on ferric carboxymaltose, which was well tolerated without disease symptoms and need of further blood transfusions. This case suggests that deferoxamine is efficient in treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda. Also, ferric carboxymaltose may be a valuable option for refractory anaemia in patients with this disease and end-stage renal disease, as it seems to provide iron without clinical relapse of the disease.
Base Isolation for Seismic Retrofitting of a Multiple Building Structure: Design, Construction, and Assessment
Authors: Ferraioli Massimiliano , Mandara Alberto
Published: January 2017

The paper deals with the seismic retrofit of a multiple building structure belonging to the Hospital Centre of Avellino (Italy). At first, the paper presents the preliminary investigations, the in situ measurements and laboratory tests, and the seismic assessment of the existing fixed‐base structures. Having studied different strategies, base isolation proved to be the more appropriate, also for the possibility offered by the geometry of the building to easily create an isolation interface at the ground level. The paper presents the design project, the construction process, and the details of the isolation intervention. Some specific issues of base isolation for seismic retrofitting of multiple building structures were lightened. Finally, the seismic assessment of the base‐isolated building was carried out. The seismic response was evaluated through nonlinear time‐history analysis, using the well‐known Bouc‐Wen model as the constitutive law of the isolation bearings. For reliable dynamic analyses, a suite of natural accelerograms compatible with acceleration spectra of Italian Code was first selected and then applied along both horizontal directions. The results were finally used to address some of the critical issues of the seismic response of the base‐isolated multiple building structure: accidental torsional effects and potential poundings during strong earthquakes.
Assessment of Toxicity and Beneficiary Effects of Garcinia pedunculata on the Hematological, Biochemical, and Histological Homeostasis in Rats
Authors: Paul Sudip , Ali Md. Yousuf , Rumpa Nur-E-Noushin , Tanvir E. M. , Hossen Md. Sakib , Saha Moumoni , Bhoumik Nikhil Chandra , Gan Siew Hua , Khalil Md. Ibrahim
Published: January 2017

This study was undertaken to investigate the toxicological profile of a methanolic extract of Garcinia pedunculata fruit in rats by conducting hematological, biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Long Evans rats were divided into four groups, each with 6 animals, and were treated with three oral doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) once daily for 21 days. The extract did not cause significant changes in body and relative organ weight, percent water content, or hematological parameters at any administered doses. However, a significant dose‐dependent positive effect in serum lipid profile and all atherogenic indices including the cardiac risk ratio, Castelli’s risk index‐2, and the atherogenic coefficient were observed. Significant increases in the levels of iron and decreases in serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and the levels of serum glucose were noted when the extract was administered at the highest dose (1000 mg/kg). Histopathological examination of the target tissues further confirmed that the extract was safe and had no observed toxicological features. Our study indicates that G. pedunculata fruit is nontoxic, has the potential to be effective against atherosclerosis, and may be used as a hepatoprotectant. The fruit extract is also beneficial to those with iron deficiency and hyperglycemia.
3D Localization Algorithm Based on Voronoi Diagram and Rank Sequence in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Yang Xi , Yan Fang , Liu Jun
Published: January 2017

Accurate nodes’ localization is a key problem in wireless sensor network (WSN for short). This paper discusses and analyzes the effects of Voronoi diagram in 3D location space. Then it proposes Sequence Localization Correction algorithm based on 3D Voronoi diagram (SLC3V), which introduces 3D Voronoi diagram to divide the 3D location space and constructs the rank sequence tables of virtual beacon nodes. SLC3V uses RSSI method between beacon nodes as a reference to correct the measured distance and fixes the location sequence of unknown nodes. Next, it selects optimal parameterNand realizes the weighted location estimate withNvalid virtual beacon nodes by normalization process of rank correlation coefficients. Compared with other sequence location algorithms, simulation experiments show that it can improve the localization accuracy for nodes in complex 3D space with less measurements and computational costs.
Comparison of Activator-Headgear and Twin Block Treatment Approaches in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion
Authors: Spalj Stjepan , Mroz Tranesen Kate , Birkeland Kari , Katic Visnja , Pavlic Andrej , Vandevska-Radunovic Vaska
Published: January 2017

The purpose was to compare the treatment effects of functional appliances activator-headgear (AH) and Twin Block (TB) on skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue structures in class II division 1 malocclusion with normal growth changes in untreated subjects. The sample included 50 subjects (56% females) aged 8–13 years with class II division 1 malocclusion treated with either AH (n=25) or TB (n=25) appliances. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were evaluated and compared to 50 untreated class II division 1 cases matched by age, gender, ANB angle, and skeletal maturity. A paired sample, independent samples tests and discriminant analysis were performed for intra- and intergroup analysis. Treatment with both appliances resulted in significant reduction of skeletal and soft-tissue facial convexity, the overjet, and the prominence of the upper lip in comparison to untreated individuals (p<0.001). Retroclination of maxillary incisors and proclination of mandibular incisors were seen, the latter being significantly more evident in the TB group (p<0.05). Increase of effective mandibular length was more pronounced in the TB group. In conclusion, both AH and TB appliances contributed successfully to the correction of class II division 1 malocclusion when compared to the untreated subjects with predominantly dentoalveolar changes.
Nanotechnology-Based Approach in Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Nasiruddin Mohammad , Neyaz Md. Kausar , Das Shilpi
Published: January 2017

Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is the second most fatal infectious disease after AIDS, caused by bacterium calledMycobacterium tuberculosis. Prolonged treatment, high pill burden, low compliance, and stiff administration schedules are factors that are responsible for emergence of MDR and XDR cases of tuberculosis. Till date, only BCG vaccine is available which is ineffective against adult pulmonary TB, which is the most common form of disease. Various unique antibodies have been developed to overcome drug resistance, reduce the treatment regimen, and elevate the compliance to treatment. Therefore, we need an effective and robust system to subdue technological drawbacks and improve the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs which still remains a major challenge for pharmaceutical technology. Nanoparticle-based ideology has shown convincing treatment and promising outcomes for chronic infectious diseases. Different types of nanocarriers have been evaluated as promising drug delivery systems for various administration routes. Controlled and sustained release of drugs is one of the advantages of nanoparticle-based antituberculosis drugs over free drug. It also reduces the dosage frequency and resolves the difficulty of low poor compliance. This paper reviews various nanotechnology-based therapies which can be used for the treatment of TB.
Strongyloidiasis Current Status with Emphasis in Diagnosis and Drug Research
Authors: Mendes Tiago , Minori Karen , Ueta Marlene , Miguel Danilo Ciccone , Allegretti Silmara Marques
Published: January 2017

Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic neglected disease caused by the nematodeStrongyloides stercoralisaffecting 30 to 100 million people worldwide. Complications, strongly associated with alcoholism, organ transplants, and HTLV-1 virus, often arise due to late diagnosis, frequently leading to patient death. Lack of preemptive diagnosis is not the only difficulty when dealing with this parasite, since there are no gold standard diagnostic techniques, and the ones used have problems associated with sensitivity, resulting in false negatives. Treatment is also an issue as ivermectin and benzimidazoles administration leads to inconsistent cure rates and several side effects. Researching new anti-Strongyloidesdrugs is a difficult task sinceS. stercoralisdoes not develop until the adult stages inMus musculus(with the exception of SCID mice),the main experimental host model. Fortunately, alternative parasite models can be used, namely,Strongyloides rattiandS. venezuelensis.However, even with these models, there are other complications in finding new drugs, which are associated with specific in vitro assay protocol steps, such as larvae decontamination. In this review, we highlight the challenges associated with new drug search, the compounds tested, and a list of published in vitro assay methodologies. We also point out advances being made in strongyloidiasis diagnosis so far.
Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: An Overview
Authors: Fan Ximin , Weng Xinyu , Zhao Yifan , Chen Wei , Gan Tianyi , Xu Dachun
Published: January 2017

Circular RNA (circRNA), a novel type of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), has become a research hotspot in recent years. CircRNAs are abundant and stably exist in creatures, and they are found with covalently closed loop structures in which they are quite different from linear RNAs. Nowadays, an increasing number of scientists have demonstrated that circRNAs may have played an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, especially acting as miRNA sponges, and have described the potential mechanisms of several circRNAs in diseases, hinting at their clinical therapeutic values. In this review, the authors summarized the current understandings of the biogenesis and properties of circRNAs and their functions and role as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases.
Direct Yaw‐Moment Control of All‐Wheel‐Independent‐Drive Electric Vehicles with Network‐Induced Delays through Parameter‐Dependent Fuzzy SMC Approach
Authors: Cao Wanke , Liu Zhiyin , Chang Yuhua , Szumanowski Antoni
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the robust direct yaw‐moment control (DYC) through parameter‐dependent fuzzy sliding mode control (SMC) approach for all‐wheel‐independent‐drive electric vehicles (AWID‐EVs) subject to network‐induced delays. AWID‐EVs have obvious advantages in terms of DYC over the traditional centralized‐drive vehicles. However it is one of the most principal issues for AWID‐EVs to ensure the robustness of DYC. Furthermore, the network‐induced delays would also reduce control performance of DYC and even deteriorate the EV system. To ensure robustness of DYC and deal with network‐induced delays, a parameter‐dependent fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) method based on the real‐time information of vehicle states and delays is proposed in this paper. The results of cosimulations with Simulink® and CarSim® demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller. Moreover, the results of comparison with a conventional FSMC controller illustrate the strength of explicitly dealing with network‐induced delays.
PEDOT:PSS Nanofilms Fabricated by a Nonconventional Coating Method for Uses as Transparent Conducting Electrodes in Flexible Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Sanglee Kanyanee , Chuangchote Surawut , Chaiwiwatworakul Pipat , Kumnorkaew Pisist
Published: January 2017

Nanofilms of a polymer mixer of two ionomers, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS), were used as conducting materials to develop transparent conducting electrodes. It was firstly found that convective deposition, a versatile and wide-area coating method, could be used for the coating and acid treatment of PEDOT:PSS films. Electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS films was significantly enhanced up to 1814 S/cm by only one-time surface treatment by a mild acid solution (4 M methanesulfonic acid). This is because some PSS chains were removed out from the polymer mixer films without damage on the substrates. UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the acid-treated transparent conducting films. In this report, obtained transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS films on polyester substrates were used as flexible electrodes for fabrication of flexible electrochromic devices. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was used as an active layer, which its color changed reversibly from transparent-light blue to purple with a small applied voltage (±3 V).
In Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Low-Rank Coal for the Conversion of Heavy Oils into Light Oils
Authors: Amin Muhammad Nadeem , Li Yi , Lu Xingmei
Published: January 2017

Lighter tars are largely useful in chemical industries but their quantity is quite little. Catalytic cracking is applied to improve the yield of light tars during pyrolysis. Consequently, in situ upgrading technique through a MoS2 catalyst has been explored in this research work. MoS2 catalyst is useful for the conversion of high energy cost into low energy cost. The variations in coal pyrolysis tar without and with catalyst were determined. Meanwhile, the obtained tar was analyzed using simulated distillation gas chromatograph and Elemental Analyzer. Consequently, the catalyst reduced the pitch contents and increased the fraction of light tar from 50 to 60 wt.% in coal pyrolysis tar. MoS2 catalyst increased the liquid yield from 18 to 33 (wt.%, db) and decreased gas yield from 27 to 12 (wt.%, db) compared to coal without catalyst. Moreover, it increased H content and hydrogen-to-carbon ratio by 7.9 and 3.3%, respectively, and reduced the contents of nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen elements by 8.1%, 15.2%, and 23.9%, respectively, in their produced tars compared to coal without catalyst.
Early Detection of Baby-Rain-Cell Aloft in a Severe Storm and Risk Projection for Urban Flash Flood
Authors: Nakakita Eiichi , Sato Hiroto , Nishiwaki Ryuta , Yamabe Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Kosei
Published: January 2017

In July 2008, five people were killed by a tragic flash flood caused by a local torrential heavy rainfall in a short time in Toga River. From this tragic accident, we realized that a system which can detect hazardous rain-cells in the earlier stage is strongly needed and would provide an additional 5 to 10 min for evacuation. By analyzing this event, we verified that a first radar echo aloft, by volume scan observation, is a practical and important sign for early warning of flash flood, and we named a first echo as a “baby-rain-cell” of Guerrilla-heavy rainfall. Also, we found a vertical vorticity criterion for identifying hazardous rain-cells and developed a heavy rainfall prediction system that has the important feature of not missing any hazardous rain-cell. Being able to detect heavy rainfall by 23.6 min on average before it reaches the ground, this system is implemented in XRAIN in the Kinki area. Additionally, to resolve the relationship between baby-rain-cell growth and vorticity behavior, we carried out an analysis of vorticity inside baby-rain-cells and verified that a pair of positive and negative vertical vortex tubes as well as an updraft between them existed in a rain-cell in the early stage.
MapReduce Algorithms for Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks from Time-Series Microarray Data Using an Information-Theoretic Approach
Authors: Abduallah Yasser , Turki Turki , Byron Kevin , Du Zongxuan , Cervantes-Cervantes Miguel , Wang Jason T. L.
Published: January 2017

Gene regulation is a series of processes that control gene expression and its extent. The connections among genes and their regulatory molecules, usually transcription factors, and a descriptive model of such connections are known as gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Elucidating GRNs is crucial to understand the inner workings of the cell and the complexity of gene interactions. To date, numerous algorithms have been developed to infer gene regulatory networks. However, as the number of identified genes increases and the complexity of their interactions is uncovered, networks and their regulatory mechanisms become cumbersome to test. Furthermore, prodding through experimental results requires an enormous amount of computation, resulting in slow data processing. Therefore, new approaches are needed to expeditiously analyze copious amounts of experimental data resulting from cellular GRNs. To meet this need, cloud computing is promising as reported in the literature. Here, we propose new MapReduce algorithms for inferring gene regulatory networks on a Hadoop cluster in a cloud environment. These algorithms employ an information-theoretic approach to infer GRNs using time-series microarray data. Experimental results show that our MapReduce program is much faster than an existing tool while achieving slightly better prediction accuracy than the existing tool.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Commercially Available Fibrin Gel as a Carrier of Alendronate for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Kim Beom Su , Shkembi Feride , Lee Jun
Published: January 2017

Alendronate (ALN) is a bisphosphonate drug that is widely used for the treatment of osteoporosis. Furthermore, local delivery of ALN has the potential to improve the bone regeneration. This study was designed to investigate an ALN-containing fibrin (fibrin/ALN) gel and evaluate the effect of this gel on both in vitro cellular behavior using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and in vivo bone regenerative capacity. Fibrin hydrogels were fabricated using various ALN concentrations (10−7–10−4 M) with fibrin glue and the morphology, mechanical properties, and ALN release kinetics were characterized. Proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of and cytotoxicity in fibrin/ALN gel-embedded hMSCs were examined. In vivo bone formation was evaluated using a rabbit calvarial defect model. The fabricated fibrin/ALN gel was transparent with Young’s modulus of ~13 kPa, and these properties were not affected by ALN concentration. The in vitro studies showed sustained release of ALN from the fibrin gel and revealed that hMSCs cultured in fibrin/ALN gel showed significantly increased proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In addition, microcomputed tomography and histological analysis revealed that the newly formed bone was significantly enhanced by implantation of fibrin/ALN gel in a calvarial defect model. These results suggest that fibrin/ALN has the potential to improve bone regeneration.
Efficient High-Order Iterative Methods for Solving Nonlinear Systems and Their Application on Heat Conduction Problems
Authors: Cordero Alicia , Gómez Esther , Torregrosa Juan R.
Published: January 2017

For solving nonlinear systems of big size, such as those obtained by applying finite differences for approximating the solution of diffusion problem and heat conduction equations, three-step iterative methods with eighth-order local convergence are presented. The computational efficiency of the new methods is compared with those of some known ones, obtaining good conclusions, due to the particular structure of the iterative expression of the proposed methods. Numerical comparisons are made with the same existing methods, on standard nonlinear systems and a nonlinear one-dimensional heat conduction equation by transforming it in a nonlinear system by using finite differences. From these numerical examples, we confirm the theoretical results and show the performance of the presented schemes.
Establishing Concurrent Validity of the Role Checklist Version 2 with the OCAIRS in Measurement of Participation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Scott Patricia J. , Cacich Danielle , Fulk Morgan , Michel Karen , Whiffen Katie
Published: January 2017

Persons experiencing problems with adaptation following disease, disability, or overwhelming life circumstances are often referred by their physicians to occupational therapists. Given time constraints, therapists may skip administration of a client-centered participation focused assessment and instead use an impairment or limitation focused assessment. This approach assumes that skill remediation will naturally lead to return of participation in valued occupational roles because most participation measures take 30 minutes or longer. In response to the need for an efficient measure of desired role participation, this study establishes concurrent validity of the 10–15-minute Role Checklist Version 2 (RCV2: QP) with the 50 minute Occupational Circumstances Assessment And Rating Scale (OCAIRS) in measuring occupational participation in individuals recovering from surgery following liver transplantation. 20 subjects (mean age of 55 and a mean time-since-transplant of 5.2 months) completed both instruments. The hypothesis was supported (r=.63), showing concurrent validity between the OCAIRS and the RCV2: QP. This provides therapists with an efficient, client-centered measure of occupational participation for a client-centered treatment plan. Using the RCV2: QP in place of the OCAIRS provides a more efficient assessment tool for occupational therapists to set treatment goals and monitor client progress over time.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of HER/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Cellular Adhesion Molecules in Urothelial Carcinomas
Authors: Koletsas Nikolaos , Koletsa Triantafyllia , Choidas Spyros , Anagnostopoulos Konstantinos , Touloupidis Stavros , Zaramboukas Thomas , Raptou Georgia , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Lambropoulou Maria
Published: January 2017

Background. Several investigators have suggested the possibility that the expression of both EGFR and HER2 could be utilized for molecularly targeted therapy in urinary bladder cancer. We tried to evaluate the expression of HER2 and EGFR and activation of the AKT/PTEN/mTOR pathway in urothelial carcinomas and if there is any association between them and cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs). Materials and Methods. Forty-one paraffin-embedded urothelial cancer tissue blocks were collected. Immunostains for HER2, EGFR, MIB1, phospho-AKT, PTEN, phospho-mTOR, e-cadherin, p-cadherin, and b-catenin were performed on tissue microarrays sections. The immunohistochemical results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results. The overexpression of HER2 was found in 19.6% of the cases and it was associated with high grade tumors with a high mitotic index and phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR. Muscle-invasive tumors presented both cytoplasmic and nuclear losses of PTEN expression. There was no association between HER/AKT/mTOR pathway activation and CAM expression. Although cadherins were often coexpressed, only p-cadherin immunoreactivity was associated with tumor grade and high proliferative index. Conclusions. HER2 overexpression is found in a respective proportion of urothelial carcinomas. P-cadherin expression is associated with high grade UCs but it is not affected by HER2 overexpression or by activation of HER/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Yin-Cold or Yang-Heat Syndrome Type of Traditional Chinese Medicine Was Associated with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Status in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Confirmation of a TCM Concept
Authors: Zhu Yan-juan , Zhang Hai-bo , Liu Li-rong , Liu Yi-hong , Zhang Fu-li , Bai Jian-ping , Li Yong , Qu Yan-chun , Qu Xin , Chen Xian , Li Yan , Luo Shu-yi , Ou Ai-hua
Published: January 2017

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapies should be tailored according to the different syndrome types. In order to identify the relationship between the TCM Yin-cold (YC) or Yang-heat (YH) syndrome types and the EGFR gene status, we prospectively studied 310 NSCLC patients. TCM YH or YC was diagnosed by three TCM experts. TCM symptoms and signs were entered into a binary cluster analysis. The relationships between the EGFR gene status, YH or YC syndrome types, and classification by cluster analysis were analyzed using the chi‐square test and multivariate logistic regression. In the 299 patients who had their EGFR gene tested, 45.24% YC (76/168) and 25.95% YH (34/131) patients had EGFR mutations (p = 0.001). Among the 292 patients entered into the cluster analysis, 132 were classified into group A, with signs and symptoms similar to YC, whereas 160 group B patients were similar to YH. In the 281 patients with EGFR tested, 45.67% group A (58/127) and 28.57% group B patients (44/154) had EGFR mutations (p = 0.003). The EGFR status was independently correlated with TCM syndrome type and classification by cluster analysis on multivariate logistic regression. NSCLC patients with YC were more likely to have EGFR gene mutations.
Cystic Endometrioma with Coexisting Fibroma Originating in a Supernumerary Ovary in the Rectovaginal Pouch
Authors: Ogishima Daiki , Sakaguchi Asumi , Kodama Hiroko , Ogura Kanako , Miwa Ayako , Sugimori Yayoi , Matuoka Shozo , Matsumoto Toshiharu
Published: January 2017

A supernumerary ovary is an exceedingly rare disorder, in which the structure containing ovarian tissue is located at some distance from the normally placed ovary. 16 cases of endometriosis or tumors originating in a supernumerary ovary have been published in the English literature, but no case of coexisting endometriosis and a tumor has been published. We present the case of a 40-year-old female with cystic endometrioma with coexisting fibroma originating in a supernumerary ovary in the rectovaginal pouch. The present case is the first to be reported with coexisting endometriosis and a tumor originating in a supernumerary ovary. Our experience with this case and the results of our previous studies of rectovaginal endometriosis indicated that the possibility of originating in a supernumerary ovary shall be examined in cases of cystic endometrioma in the rectovaginal pouch.
A Novel Computer-Aided Approach for Parametric Investigation of Custom Design of Fracture Fixation Plates
Authors: Chen Xiaozhong , He Kunjin , Chen Zhengming
Published: January 2017

The present study proposes an integrated computer-aided approach combining femur surface modeling, fracture evidence recover plate creation, and plate modification in order to conduct a parametric investigation of the design of custom plate for a specific patient. The study allows for improving the design efficiency of specific plates on the patients’ femur parameters and the fracture information. Furthermore, the present approach will lead to exploration of plate modification and optimization. The three-dimensional (3D) surface model of a detailed femur and the corresponding fixation plate were represented with high-level feature parameters, and the shape of the specific plate was recursively modified in order to obtain the optimal plate for a specific patient. The proposed approach was tested and verified on a case study, and it could be helpful for orthopedic surgeons to design and modify the plate in order to fit the specific femur anatomy and the fracture information.