bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruyendo nuestra historia y territorio en el asentamiento Villa Rosa, municipio de Mocoa, Putumayo
Authors: Torres Gómez Fernanda , Hernández Avendaño Caroll Vanessa
Published: February 2021

El desarrollo sustentable promueve comprensiones polivalentes de la existencia humana como práctica ético-política, que visibiliza las identidades colectivas y sus relaciones socioculturales en el territorio. En este marco, el artículo socializa los hallazgos de un ejercicio de investigaciónacción materializado en la estrategia unidad didáctica, que responde a los desafíos del desarrollo sustentable en Mocoa, municipio configurado a partir de la convergencia de eventos ambientales, sociales y políticos que inciden en la construcción cultural e identitaria de su población. Por lo anterior, se problematizan las relaciones y los vínculos comunitarios que pueden aportar a generar una construcción de paz territorial en escenarios microsociales, a través de la resignificación de la memoria histórica barrial, el manejo de conflictos comunitarios, y su aporte a la reconstrucción de tejido social
La Universidad de La Salle y el desarrollo humano integral y sustentable desde cuatro miradas
Authors: Mora Arenas, FSC Hno. Diego Andrés
Published: February 2021

A través del formato de entrevista virtual, este artículo presenta un balance de los caminos transitados por la Universidad de La Salle frente al desarrollo humano integral y sustentable (DHIS) en búsqueda de nuevos matices de sentido, sin dejar de indagar sobre su vigencia y actualidad, particularmente ante la incursión avasallante de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, y su conexión con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Estos y otros asuntos fueron abordados por cuatro académicos lasallistas que participaron en el workshop “El DHIS, un horizonte con sentido”, liderado por la Vicerrectoría de Promoción y Desarrollo Humano (VPDH) a finales de 2019, quienes también aceptaron la invitación a reflexionar sobre los pasos que deberá dar nuestra alma máter en su compromiso con el DHIS
Desarrollo y promoción integral de la vida
Authors: López Gómez Catalina , Hernández Bello Álvaro
Published: February 2021

El desarrollo humano integral y sustentable (DHIS) es una noción central de la propuesta lasallista, dado que inspira varios elementos de la pedagogía y la apuesta por la transformación social, y fundamenta algunas elecciones y decisiones desde la perspectiva institucional. El presente texto rastrea los sentidos que tiene dicho concepto y explica cómo se fue configurando como una unidad de sentido en las últimas décadas. Adicionalmente, muestra cómo la lectura más clásica sobre este se enriquece a la luz de los planteamientos de la doctrina social de la Iglesia, al tiempo que se confronta con la evidencia que señala una crisis actual de la noción clásica de humanismo. Al final, se propone una lectura particular de integralidad, que, desde nuestro punto de vista, contribuye a la protección de la consistencia conceptual del DHIS
Key Considerations: Operational Considerations for Building Community Resilience for COVID-19 Response and Recovery
Authors: Schmidt-Sane Megan , Niederberger Eva , Hrynick Tabitha
Published: February 2021

As the unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continues, there is a need to robustly support vulnerable communities and bolster ‘community resilience.’ A community resilience approach means to work in partnership with communities and strengthen their capacities to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, including its social and economic fallout. However, this is not resilience which returns the status quo. This moment demands transformative change in which inequalities are tackled and socioeconomic conditions are improved. While a community resilience approach is relatively new to epidemic preparedness and response, it frames epidemic shocks more holistically and from the perspective of a whole system. While epidemic response often focuses on mitigating vulnerabilities, there is an opportunity to use a resilience framework to build existing capacities to manage health, social, psychosocial, and economic impacts of an epidemic. This makes a resilience approach more localised, adaptable, and sustainable in the long-term, which are key tenets of an epidemic response informed by social science. This brief presents considerations for how health and humanitarian practitioners can support communities to respond to and recover from COVID-19 using a community resilience approach. This brief was developed for SSHAP by IDS (led by Megan Schmidt-Sane with Tabitha Hrynick) with Anthrologica (Eva Niederberger).
Municipal service Institute at the present stage: a comparative and legal aspect
Authors: Gorodnitskiy Pavel
Published: February 2021

In the context of the local self-government system dynamic reform in Russia, the role of the municipal official is significantly increasing, the re-quirements not only for his professional education, skills and abilities, but also for ethics, business behavior and attitude towards service are increasing. In contradistinction from Western countries, where it is customary to con-sider the general institution of state service, the municipal service in the Rus-sian Federation is clearly separated from the state civil service. In the context of the research, we analyze the approach to the regulating issues of municipal official’s ethics and professional conduct of in the European practice of young democracies. We carry out a broad analysis of the codes provisions of official’s ethics and conduct in a number of former Eastern bloc countries: Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Macedonia. We establish that the domestic and foreign approaches are very similar to each other, and the main goal of adopting the relevant codes is the desire for transparency and the eradication of the communist era foundations. We establish that the domestic and foreign approaches are very similar to each other, and the main goal of adopting the relevant codes is the desire for transparency and the eradication of the communist era foundations. At the present stage, the document requires flexibility and a transition from formal to more informal and understandable for the municipal official.
Poor Basic Sanitation Impact on Diarrhea Cases in Toddlers
Authors: Kurniawati Dian Prasasti , Arini Shintia Yunita , Awwalina Isas , Pramesti Nala Astari
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Diarrhea is a disease associated with poor people and mostly suffered by toddlers. The poor environmental quality triggers the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between basic sanitation with diarrhea in toddlers. Methods: The study was observational analytical study with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Leran Village, Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia. The sample was toddlers mother, amounting 63 respondents choosing by simple random sampling technique. Results and Discussion: The results of data analysis showed that diarrhea in toddlers was related to the type of floor (p = 0.026, PR = 2.21), latrine condition (p = 0.000, PR = 3.28), waste management (p = 0.000, PR = 27.5), clean water source (p = 0.000, PR =5.32). Conclusion: Several ways to reduce the prevalence of diarrhea including cleaning the floor regularly, providing a mat on the floor, provide a closed and waterproof trash, boiled water before drinking, and washing hands with soap after contacting with the ground.
Utilization of Clean Water, Personal Hygiene of Toddler Caregivers, and Smoking Behavior of Family Members as Risk Factors for Cases of Stunting Toddlers
Authors: Ravsanjanie Milada Mohammad , Pawitra Aditya Sukma , Diyanah Khuliyah Candraning , Zakaria Zainul Amiruddin , Marmaya Najihah Hanisah BTE
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Pasuruan District was in the 7th rank of the highest stunting prevalence in the East Java Province (39.7%). Stunting cases that are not handled properly lead to the decrease of cognitive and motor skills, productivity, and even lead to death. One of the risk factors for stunting cases is a history of infection with toddlers (or children under five) from poor behavior of family and caregiver. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of clean water use, personal hygiene for toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members in cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. Methods: The research was conducted using a case-control design with a ratio of 1: 1. Sampling using stratified random sampling and the proportion of 2% of 2,718 toddlers. Toddlers with z-scores <-3SD – <-2SD became a case group of 118 and toddlers with z-scores ≥-2SD – 2SD became controls of 114. Results and Discussion: There was an effect between smoking inside the house (p = 0.004, OR = 0.473), dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water (p = 0.029, OR = 2.726), washing hands with soap and running water by caregivers (p = 0.002, OR = 2.52), and cutting fingernails by caregivers (p = 0.006, OR = 0.544) on cases of stunting toddlers. Conclusion: Clean water utilization, personal hygiene of toddler caregivers, and the smoking behavior of family members are the risks in the incidence of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The variable of dishes and drinking utensils washed with soap and running water is the highest risk (OR = 2.726) for cases of stunting toddlers in Pasuruan District. The food and drink utensils that are not washed properly and correctly will allow bacterial contamination which causes toddlers to become infected.
IRON INTAKE AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS BASED ON FAMILY SOCIO-ECONOMIC, FREQUENT HIGH-IRON FOODS CONSUMED AND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ANEMIA IN PANDEGLANG DISTRICT
Authors: Aji Galih Kusuma , Laily Noer , Susanti Ida
Published: February 2021

Anemia is a condition with abnormalities in the red blood cells where lack of iron intake was postulated to be the main factor causing anemia. Research on iron intake, therefore, in adolescent girls is essential, specifi cally in high anemia prevalence area. This study aimed to examine the eff ect of family socio-economic factors, anemia comprehension, and ten-highest iron foods consumed on iron intake. Observational study with cross sectional design was performed, applying iron consumption as dependent variable and parents’ education, employment, income and expenditure, along with ten-highest high-iron foods consumed and knowledge about anemia as independent variables. Iron intake was collected using 3 x 24-hours food recall, and ten-highest iron-rich foods consumed was obtained with 2 x food frequency questionnaire. Family socio-economic factors (education, employment, income and expenditure) and knowledge on anemia were assessed using standard questionnaire with closed-ended interview question. The study highlighted that the average iron intake was 8.11 ± 2.94 mg/day (ranging from 3.01 to 20.43 mg/day). Obtained data showed that the occupation of father played a role in the iron intake diff erence (6.20 ± 1.72 vs 8.40 ± 2.99 mg/day for formal and informal, p <0.05). However, no diff erences were found between iron intake and education of fathers and mothers, maternal occupation, income, and expenses. Ten-highest iron-rich foods consumed did not signifi cantly correlate to the amount of iron consumption (p > 0.05). Moreover, this study in adolescent girls found that there was a negative correlation between knowledge about anemia and iron intake (r= -0.259, p <0.05). In conclusion, respondents consumed around 8 mg of iron, in average, lower than Recommended Dietary Allowance. Less amount of iron intake might be caused by scarce of high-iron sources consumption
CORRELATION BETWEEN PERCENTAGE OF BODY FAT WITH SPEED AND CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AMONG FUTSAL ATHLETES IN SURABAYA
Authors: Damayanti Cici , Adriani Merryana
Published: February 2021

Futsal is one of the sport that begin to be popular in Indonesia. Physical condition in futsal is an important aspect because it directly aff ects athlete performance especially for speed and cardiorespiratory. One of the factor that aff ect physical condition is percentage of body fat. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between percent body fat with physical condition of futsal athletes in Surabaya. This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The population were sixty-eight peoples from members of Buana Mas FC, Garuda Emas FC, Nisrina FC and Surabaya Porprov team 2019. Fifty-four peoples were selected as subject of this study by proportional random sampling method. Data collection included questionnaires for respondent characteristics namely age, occupation, education, smoking history and sports activity, and then, measurement of subcutaneous fat thickness using skinfold calliper, and measuring speed and cardiorespiratory endurance using sprint 20m and yoyo test. Data analyze used Spearman correlation test. The result of this study showed most of respondent have normal percentage of body fat (59.3%). Respondents speed mostly classifi ed as lacking (50.0%) and cardiorespiratory endurance respondents mostly classifi ed as suffi cient (59.3%). The results showed an positive correlation (p = 0.001; R=0.732) between percent body fat with speed, it was mean that the higher percentage of body fat, the slower sprint time. And there was negative correlation (p = 0.001; R=-0.639) between percentage of body fat and cardiorespiratory endurance, so the higher percentage of body fat, the lower cardiorespiratory endurance. This contradictory conclusion is due to increasing sprint time, the respondent speed will decrease while V02Max increase so the cardiorespiratory endurance will increase.
Metrics for studying berry growth kinetics in seedless grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Letchov George , Roychev Venelin , Keranova Neli
Published: February 2021

The process related to the changes in dimensions and mass of grape berry passes through two growth phases separated by a lag phase, and can be described by a double sigmoid curve. The onset of the growth phases and their duration are important factors for understanding the growth processes in grape berries. A new method for their quantitative determination was developed in the present study. In this method, the phase transition dates correspond to the times at which the rate of change of the curvature of the logistic (sigmoid) curve reaches an extreme value. The method was tested on three seedless grape varieties, Sultanina, Ruby Seedless and Rusalka 3, and the changes in grape berry dimensions and mass were tracked from anthesis to harvest. For each of the varieties, a double logistic model of change in berry length, width and mass from anthesis to harvest was developed and the metrics of growth - beginning, stabilisation and end of growth - for each of the two phases were determined. It was found that the metrics in mass and berry dimensions do not match and shift relative to each other over time. A comparison of growth metrics with phenological metrics, such as anthesis, veraison and ripening, showed that phenophases cannot be used as a time scale to record the acceleration of growth processes, as they shifted in time with growth metrics. An exception was veraison, which coincided with the beginning of the accelerated growth of grapes during the second growth phase, following the lag phase. The time scale presented in the current research is a new tool for monitoring growth processes and could help clarify the links between visible changes in the grape berries and the ongoing processes within them. The developed method can also be used for the analysis of various growth processes that follow the logistic law.
Cultivar Diversity of Balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) in Banyumas Regency
Authors: Aulia Rizki , Widodo Pudji , Herawati Wiwik
Published: February 2021

Balsam or garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) is a widely grown flowering plant belonging to the family Balsaminaceae. The most conspicuous part to distinguish the balsam is the difference in the flower shape and colors of each cultivar. The purpose of this research is to find out the cultivars diversity of the balsam. The method used in this study was survey with purposive sampling. The variables observed in this study was morphological characteristics including the stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The data obtained were analysed descriptively.  The result of this study showed that there were 15 cultivars of I. Balsamina i.e. 'Pinkish White 5 Petal', 'Mix Pink Camellia, 'Pinkish White Camellia, 'Vivid Pink', 'White', 'Light Pink', 'Pinkish White', 'Light Magenta', 'Vivid Red', 'Red Camellia, 'Reddish Camellia, 'Rose Red Camellia, 'Vivid Magenta Camellia, 'Rose Green Camellia, and 'Vivid Pink Camellia’.
Indonesia’s Cultural Diplomacy on the Conduct of Indonesian Language for Foreigners Programme in Thailand (2014-2019)
Authors: Collins Inova , Adriani Isyana , Rahman Muhammad Sigit Andhi
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This article examines the Indonesian language for Foreigners Programme (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing or BIPA) implementation in the internationalisation of the Indonesian language in Thailand. Based on Law No.24 of 2009 Article 44, the Government of Indonesia has a task to develop the role of the Indonesian language at the international stage. This effort has gained momentum recently with the establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), where ASEAN citizens including Thais are encouraged to have foreign language skills. Thailand is one of the gateways to Southeast Asia. Many businesses and tourists come to Thailand first and then continue to other Southeast Asian nations.  This condition encourages Thai people to learn foreign languages, including the Indonesian language. This article utilises a qualitative approach method, particularly interview and observation as a data collection method, and uses the concept of cultural diplomacy as the theoretical framework. It examines the content of BIPA books, the classroom learning process, and alumni’s feedback toward the programme. The research findings show the high effectiveness of BIPA programme in Thailand. Moreover, BIPA becomes a means of Indonesia's cultural diplomacy, where the Indonesian language and culture serve as tools in creating Thai people's interest in Indonesia.

Key Words: BIPA, Cultural Diplomacy, Indonesia, Internationalisation of Indonesian Language, Thailand

Abstrak

Makalah ini meneliti pelaksanaan program pengajaran ‘Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing’ (BIPA) dalam proses internasionalisasi Bahasa Indonesia di Thailand. Berdasarkan UU No. 24 tanggal 2009 Pasal 44, Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki tugas untuk mengembangkan peran bahasa Indonesia di panggung internasional. Upaya ini telah mendapatkan momentum baru-baru ini dengan ditetapkannya Komunitas Ekonomi ASEAN (AEC), dimana warga negara ASEAN  termasuk warga Thailand didorong untuk memiliki kemampuan berbahasa asing. Thailand adalah salah satu pintu gerbang penting ke Asia Tenggara. Para pebisnis dan wisatawan datang ke Thailand dulu dan kemudian melanjutkan ke negara Asia Tenggara lainnya. Kondisi ini mendorong orang Thailand untuk belajar bahasa asing, termasuk bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif, terutama wawancara dan observasi sebagai metode pengumpulan data, dan menggunakan konsep diplomasi budaya sebagai kerangka teoritisnya. Makalah ini meneliti konten buku pengajaran BIPA, proses pembelajaran kelas, dan umpan balik alumni terhadap program. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan tingkat efektivitas yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaan program BIPA di Thailand. Selain itu, BIPA menjadi sarana diplomasi budaya Indonesia, di mana bahasa dan budaya Indonesia menjadi perangkat diplomasi  dalam  menciptakan ketertarikan rakyat Thailand  terhadap Indonesia.

Kata Kunci: Internasionalisasi Bahasa Indonesia, BIPA, Diplomasi Budaya, Indonesia, Thailand
Development Strategy of Mangrove Crabs (Scylla sp.) Cultivation in Gorontalo Province
Authors: Koniyo Yuniarti
Published: February 2021

Mangrove crabs (Scylla sp.) are important economic fishery commodities that will be developed in Gorontalo Province. Mangrove crabs have large and prospective market opportunities in the domestic and foreign market. The mangrove crabs demand in this country is very high. Market demand for mangrove crabs has not been able to be fulfilled, because of the limited catch and the production of aquaculture which is still very minimal. The problem is how the development of mangrove crab cultivation will be applied in Gorontalo Province. The purpose of this research was to study and determine the development strategy of mangrove crab cultivation in Gorontalo Province in accordance with the potential and carrying capacity of the environment. The researched method was survey method with observational data collection and random sampling techniques. Data analysis was performed descriptively and SWOT analysis. Based on the SWOT analysis the strength (S) most influential on the development of mangrove crab culture in Gorontalo Province is government support and profitable business prospects (0.66), while the biggest weakness is the limited capital (0.54) and the low quality of human cultivation resources (0,48), and the biggest opportunity (O) is economic value (Very popular, because it is delicious and contains high nutritional value) (0.8), and threat (T) environmental degradation (0.8). Based on the quadrant of the analysis is in quadrant 1 (Growth Oriented Strategy). Keywords: Development, Strategy, Scylla spp, Cultivation, Gorontalo Province
The Fishing Ground of Bottom Longline Vessels and Exploitation Rate of Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus aerolatus) in Arafura Waters
Authors: Pane Andina Ramadhani Putri , Alnanda Reza , Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih , Hufiadi Hufiadi , Suman Ali
Published: February 2021

As excessive capture activity adversely impacts fisheries sector, fish resources management is a necessity. This study was conducted as a scientific contribution for the managements of bottom longline fisheries in Arafura Waters and areolate grouper (Epinephelus areolatus) as one of the target catches. It was carried out from February to December 2017 and in November 2018. Data on the fishing grounds of eight bottom longline vessels were obtained from the vessel monitoring system (VMS) of Probolinggo Marine and Fisheries Resources Supervisory Unit, Mayangan Probolinggo Fishing Port, and Marine and Fisheries Resources Surveillance (PSDKP) Tual Station. Based on the analysis of the coordinates from the VMS, the fishing grounds of the bottom longline vessels in Arafura waters were found around Dolak until the border with Merauke and around Timika until Aru Islands. The composition of dominant catches consisted of croaker (Pennahia spp.) and snapper (Lutjanus spp.), as well as grouper (Epinephelus spp.) in a smaller proportion. The size structure of the areolate grouper caught with bottom longlines was 21.5–54.5 cmTL; its length at first capture (Lc) was 33.9 cmTL; and its asymptotic length was 70.5 cmTL. Its growth rate (K) was found 0.26 per year. The fishing mortality (F) of the species was found higher than its natural mortality (M), and its exploitation level (E) was 0.74, meaning that the species was already overfished. The exploitation should be reduced by 40–50% to keep the fish resources in Arafura sustainable, especially for areolate grouper. Keywords: fishing ground, bottom longline, exploitation level, tiger grouper, Arafura
Fishers’ resilience towards extreme weather conditions in the South China Sea: A case study of Natuna Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Hafsaridewi Rani , Hikmah Hikmah , Zulham Armen , Soejarwo Permana Ari , Yanti Bayu Vita Indah
Published: February 2021

Factors influencing fishers’ lives are climate change and extreme change in local weather. Climate change and extreme weather conditions are expected to affect marine fisheries’ productivity and modify fish distribution because of changes in water temperature, ocean currents, and other oceanic conditions. Both are issues faced by fishers in Natuna. The purpose of this study was to identify climate and weather changes in the research location, investigate the socio-economic effects, and analyse fishers’ adaptability patterns in relation to climate change. The method used in this study includes surveys, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. The results reveal climate change, and extreme weather affects the socio-economic dynamics of fishers in the Natuna Islands. The socio-economic dynamics as fishers’ resilience towards extreme climate are done by adjusting the number of workers and workforce, adjusting the size of fishing boats/ships, adjusting the composition of fishing gears, and changing fishing grounds. Keywords: Resilience, fishermen, climate change, Natuna, South China Sea
The Size and The Shape of Sagittal Otolith of Redtail Scad, Decapterus kurroides Blekeer 1855 from Kema Bay, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Manginsela Fransine B , Mamuaya Gybert E , Rompas Rizald M , Lumingas Lawrence J L
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to examine the difference in the otolith size and otolith shape of redtail scad Decapterus kurrodes between sex in North Sulawesi. The otoliths of D. kurroides were studied for sagitta otolith pair samples of 34 juveniles,   58 females and 75 males from Kema Bay. These pairs sagitta otolith images were interpreted using ImageJ tool to describe the otolith size (length, width, perimeter, and area), then we calculated the shape index (form factor, roundness, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity and aspect ratio or length-width ratio). No significant difference was found in otolith length between left and right otoliths of juveniles of D. kurroides or called symmetrical but significant differences or asymmetrical were found in all sample, females and males. The regressions of total length against otolith sizes (otolith lengt, otolith width otolith perimeter and otolith area of D. kurroides follow a power function. The growth patterns showed dominant allometric growth in total length–otolith sizes relationships of D. kurroides from Kema Bay, Key Words: size, shape index, otolith, Decapterus kurroides, Kema Bay.
Analysis of Financial Ratios For Financial Distress conditions in Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Riyanti Sita Dewi
Published: February 2021

Bankruptcy does not just happen, but starts from financial difficulties and liquidation, which is commonly referred to as a financial distress. In predicting financial distress, measurements can be made with certain ratios. This study aims to examine the role of financial ratios in predicting financial distress. The sample consists of 24 manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data used are the 2013-2016 financial statements. The 2015-2016 financial reports are used as determinants of financial distress, and the 2013-2014 reports are the data processed in this study. Logistic regression is an analytical tool used to test hypotheses. In this case, the financial ratios of the Altman model and the financial ratios of cash flows will be used to predict the company's financial distress. The results of this study indicate that the ratio of EBITTA, WCTA, RETA, CFOTA has a significant negative effect in predicting financial distress. Meanwhile, the MVETL and SATA financial ratios have no effect in predicting the company's financial distress. The classification power of prediction accuracy in this research model is 83.3%.
Carbon Dioxide Pretreatment on Tomatoes Before Cold Storage Synergistically Delays Ripening Through Transcriptional Change of Ethylene-Related Genes and Respiration-Related Metabolisms
Authors: Park Me-Hea , Kim Sun-Ju , Lee Jung-Soo , Hong Yoon-Pyo , Chae Seung-Hun , Ku Kang-Mo
Published: February 2021

The effect of CO2 pre-treatments on tomato quality prior to cold storage was investigated using physiochemical and transcriptome changes. Three hours CO2 treated fruits were firmer than untreated fruits and had a good appearance even after being transferred from 4°C storage to 20°C for 8 d. CO2 pretreatment with cold storage showed a synergistic effect on delayed ripening through reduced respiration; these tomatoes exhibited a lower lycopene content than untreated fruit under cold storage. Tomatoes treated with 30% CO2 had fewer pits than untreated fruits subjected to chilling temperatures, even after being transferred to 20°C for 8 d. Functional enrichment analyses from transcriptome and metabolome commonly showed that CO2-responsive genes or metabolites were involved in the sucrose and starch and biosynthesis of secondary metabolisms. The most frequently detected domain, ethylene-responsive factor domain and reduced glycolysis provide insights into the mechanism that CO2 regulates tomato quality.
Frailty as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Health Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Mehrabi Fereshteh , Béland François
Published: February 2021

This research investigated the effects of social isolation on frailty and health outcomes and tested whether these associations varied across different levels of frailty. We performed a multivariate analysis of data from the first wave of the FRéLE study among 1,643 Canadian older adults aged 65 years and over. We assessed social isolation using social participation, social networks, and support from various social ties, namely, friends, children, extended family, and partner. Frailty predicted disability, comorbidity, depression, and cognitive decline. Less social participation was associated with IADLs, depression, and cognitive decline. The absence of friends was associated with depression and cognitive impairment. Less social support from children and partner was related to comorbidity, depression, and cognitive decline. Overall, social isolation is linked to mental health, rather than physical health. The associations of having no siblings, receiving less support from friends, and participating less in social activities with ADL limitations, depression, and cognitive decline were higher among frail than pre-frail and robust older adults. This study corroborates the pivotal role of social connectedness, particularly the quality of relationships, on the mental health of older adults. Public health policies on social relationships are paramount to ameliorate the health status of frail older adults.
Different Responses to Stress, Health Practices and Self-care during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Stratified Analysis
Authors: Bermejo-Martins Elena , Luis Elkin O. , Sarrionandia Ainize , Martínez Martín , Garcés María Sol , Oliveros Edwin Y. , Cortés Cristian , Belintxon Maider , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo
Published: February 2021

The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to analyze the differential impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown (3rd April 2020) on stress, health practices, and self-care activities across different Hispanic countries, age range and gender groups. 1082 participants from Spain, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador took part in this study. Irrespective of the country, and controlling for income level, young people, especially females, suffered a greater level of stress, perceived the situation as more severe, showed less adherence to health guidelines and reported lower levels of health consciousness, in comparison to their male peers and older groups. However, in the case of self-care, it seems that older and female groups are generally more involved in self-care activities and adopt more healthy daily routines. These results are mostly similar between Colombia, Ecuador, and Spain. However, Chile showed some different tendencies, as males reported higher levels of healthy daily routines and better adherence to health guidelines compared to females and people over the age of 60. Differences between countries, genders and age ranges should be considered in order to improve health recommendations and adherence to guidelines. It would also be crucial to identify vulnerable groups to promote the adoption of health behaviors that may help in the development of effective public health strategies. Future studies should be addressed to explore the possible causations of such differences in more cultural-distant samples and at later stages of the current outbreak.
The Cosmological Decrease of Galactic Density and the Induced Retarded Gravity Effect on Rotation Curves
Authors: Yahalom Asher
Published: February 2021

Galaxies are huge physical systems having dimensions of many tens of thousands of light years. Thus any change at the galactic center will be noticed at the rim only tens of thousands of years later. Those retardation effects seems to be neglected in present day galactic modelling used to calculate rotational velocities of matter in the rims of the galaxy and surrounding gas. The significant differences between the predictions of Newtonian instantaneous action at a distance and observed velocities are usually explained by either assuming dark matter or by modifying the laws of gravity (MOND). In this paper we will show that taking general relativity seriously without neglecting retardation effects one can explain the radial velocities of galactic matter without postulating dark matter. However, this will rely on a temporal change of galactic mass. We will compare two different mechanisms of density change, one is local, that is accretion of matter from the intergalactic medium. The other is global, that is the cosmological decrease of density due to the cosmic expansion. It will be shown that local effects are much more important in this respect.
Pareto Efficiency of Mixed Quantum Strategy Equilibria
Authors: Szopa Marek
Published: February 2021

The aim of the paper is to investigate Nash equilibria and correlated equilibria of classical and quantum games in the context of their Pareto optimality. We study four games: the prisoner's dilemma, battle of the sexes and two versions of the game of chicken. The correlated equilibria usually improve Nash equilibria of games but require a trusted correlation device. We analyze the quantum extension of these games in the Eisert-Wilkens-Lewenstein formalism with the full SU(2) space of players’ strategy parameters. It has been shown that the Nash equilibria of these games in quantum mixed Pauli strategies are closer to Pareto optimal results than their classical counterparts. The relationship of mixed Pauli strategies equilibria and correlated equilibria is also analyzed.
Carboxymethylation of Cassava Peel: Effect Sodium Monochloroacetate and Temperature
Authors: Distantina Sperisa , Inayati Inayati , Saputra Fahmi Achmad , Arifianto Muhammad Fitra
Published: February 2021

Cassava peel contains cellulose that can be chemically modified to be more useful product. In this work, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from cassava peel powder was prepared by alkalization using sodium hydroxyde and then followed by carboxymethylation using sodium monochloroacetate. The aims of this work were to investigate the effect of sodium monochloroacetate-powder ratio (0.59, 1.47, 2.95, 4.42) and carboxymethylation temperature (45OC and 70OC) on the degree of substitution (DS) and reaction efficiency (RE).  The  result  of  FTIR  spectra indicated that  carboxylmethyl groups successfully attached on the cellulose backbone to  form CMC structure. The higher of sodium monochloroacetate-powder ratio and higher carboxymethylation temperature enhanced its DS but reduced the RE.
The Concentration of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Palm Oil by Urea Complexation
Authors: Setyawardhani Dwi Ardiana , Margono Margono , Pratama Ardi , Petratama Fermanditya
Published: February 2021

Linoleic acid is a Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) that corresponds to Omega 6 Fatty Acid. This is the major component of vegetable oil and very important for health. As an essential fatty acid, linoleic acid has to be obtained from foods. Consumption of omega fatty acid in the form of concentrate has more benefit than the whole oil. Fulfilling this requirement, effective method to separate PUFAs from vegetable oils is needed. One of the favorable methods is urea complexation. Palm oil was used as the fatty acids resource due to its potential feedstock in Indonesia. This aim of this research is to study the effect of urea, ethanol and free fatty acid (FFA) ratios during complexation of palm oil. This research was developed in three steps, 1) free fatty acid preparation from palm oil (saponification process), 2) crystallization of the fatty acids mixture and 3) filtration for separating the unsaturated fatty acid. Concentrated linoleic acid is obtained in the liquid phase, while the saturated fatty acid is obtained in the solid. This research resulted that the concentration of PUFA was increasing as the ratio of urea, FFA and ethanol increases.
Pembuatan dan Uji Organoleptik Hand Sanitizer dari Daun Mangga (Mangifera indica) dengan Metode Maserasi
Authors: Setyawardhani Dwi Ardiana , Saputri Cindy Mei , Ni'mah Nafi'atun
Published: February 2021

Abstrak. Ekstrak daun mangga memiliki kandungan alkaloid, polifenol, saponin, tanin, flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa antimikrobia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk membuat hand sanitizer dari daun mangga, menganalisa sifat organoleptik produk dan mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimia. Simplisia daun mangga dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut pada suhu ruangan selama 3x24 jam dengan pergantian pelarut setiap harinya kemudian disaring hingga diperoleh filtrat. Filtrat kemudian diuapkan dengan vacuum evaporator pada suhu 65°C sampai volumenya berkurang 80% dari volume awal. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan kemudian diolah menjadi hand sanitizer dalam bentuk gel. Ekstrak daun mangga kemudian dilakukan uji fitokimia yang hasilnya menunjukkan adanya kandungan fitokimia di dalam daun mangga seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenol, tanin, dan juga saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami dalam pembuatan hand sanitizer. Hasil analisa organoleptik sediaan gel hand sanitizer menunjukkan warna hijau kekuningan, aroma khas daun manga, tektur gel lembut, sifat penggunaan dingin, tidak lengket dan tidak kering, dan cepat menyerap saat diaplikasikan pada tangan.

 

Abstract. Mango leaf extracts contain alkaloids, polyphenols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids that function as antimicrobial compounds to inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to make a hand sanitizer from mango leaves extract, analyze the organoleptic properties of the product, and identify the phytochemical content. Dried mango leaves were macerated using solvents at room temperature for 3x24 hours with a change of solvent every day, then filtered until the filtrate was obtained. The filtrate is then evaporated with a vacuum evaporator at 65 ° C until the volume is reduced 80% from the initial volume. The resulting extract is then processed into a hand sanitizer in gel form. Mango leaf extracts are then subjected to phytochemical tests. The results indicated that phytochemical content in mango leaves were flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and also saponins that have the potential as a natural antibacterial in making hand sanitizers. Organoleptic analysis results of hand sanitizer gel preparations showed yellowish-green color, mango leaves odor, soft, non-sticky and moist gel texture, cold use properties and quickly absorbed when applied to the hands.

 

Keywords: Hand sanitizer, maceration, mango leaf extracts
Elucidating the Cellular Mechanism for E2-induced Dermal Fibrosis
Authors: Frost DeAnna Baker , Savchenko Alisa , Ogunleye Adeyemi , Armstrong Milton , Feghali-Bostwick Carol
Published: February 2021

Background: Both TGFb and estradiol (E2), a form of estrogen, are pro-fibrotic in the skin. In the connective tissue disease, systemic sclerosis (SSc), both TGFb and E2 are likely pathogenic. Yet, the regulation of TGFb in E2-induced dermal fibrosis remains ill-defined. Elucidating those regulatory mechanisms will improve the understanding of fibrotic disease pathogenesis and set the stage for developing potential therapeutics. Using E2-stimulated primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and human skin tissue ex vivo, we identified the important regulatory proteins for TGFb and investigated the extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are directly stimulated by E2-induced TGFb signaling.Methods: We used primary human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and human skin tissue ex vivo stimulated with E2 or vehicle (ethanol) to measure TGFb1, TGFb2 levels using quantitative PCR (qPCR). To identify the necessary cell signaling proteins in E2-induced TGFb1 and TGFb2 transcription, human dermal fibroblasts were pre-treated with an inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/ mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway, U0126. Finally, human skin tissue ex vivo was pre-treated with SB-431542, a TGFb receptor inhibitor, and ICI 182,780, an estrogen receptor α (ER α) inhibitor, to establish the effects of TGFb and ER α signaling on E2-induced collagen 22A1 (Col22A1) transcription. Results: We found that expression of TGFb1, TGFb2, and Col22A1, a TGFb-responsive gene, are induced in response to E2 stimulation. Mechanistically, Col22A1 induction was blocked by SB-431542 and ICI 182,780 despite E2 stimulation. Additionally, inhibiting E2-induced ERK/MAPK activation and early growth response 1 (EGR1) transcription prevents the E2-induced increase in TGFb1 and TGFb2 transcription and translation. Conclusions: We conclude that E2-induced dermal fibrosis occurs in part through induction of TGFb1, 2 and Col22A1, which is regulated through EGR1 and the MAPK pathway. Thus, blocking estrogen signaling and/or production may be a novel therapeutic option in pro-fibrotic diseases.
Proteinuria After 12 Months of Treatment For Lupus Nephritis As Predictor of Long-Term Renal Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Braga Fernanda , Medeiros Marta Maria , Junior Antonio Viana , Barros Levi , Pontes Marcelo , Lima Matheus Eugênio , Lima Allysson Wosley , Fernandes Paula
Published: February 2021

Background: Lupus Nephritis (LN) progression to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-Stage-Renal-Disease (ESRD) represents one of the most dreaded complications of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), directly impacting quality of life and overall survival in affected patients. Identifying LN patients at high risk for poor renal outcome could lead to individualized management and treatment strategies regarding this population. We hypothesized that 24-hour urine proteinuria (PTU) after 12 months of treatment could act as a predictor of poor renal outcome in LN patients Methods: two hundred and fourteen patients who were diagnosed with LN and were followed up for more than 10 years in our center were enrolled retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) were used to test the best cut-off value of PTU who predict bad long-term renal outcome. Results: the statistical difference was observed from 12 months when the outcome was ESRD, with a tendency from 6 months (p=0.06). Proteinuria > 0.9g/day at 12 months was the best predictor of ESRD, with the highest AUC (0.72). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.83, 0.65, 0.40, and 0.93, respectively. In the first year of LN treatment the serum creatinine was statistically different in any time for CKD (chronic kidney disease), but only at baseline for ESRD. Conclusions: In a population with more severe LN followed for a long time (>10 years), the cut-off point of PTU > 0.9/day is the best that predict progression to ESRD. The high negative predictive value emphasizes the need for a 1-year PTU-based LN treat to target treatment as a predictor of long-term renal outcome.
The Origin of Transparent and Non-Transparent White Pumice: A Case Study of the 52ka Maninjau Caldera Forming Eruption, Indonesia
Authors: Suhendro Indranova , Toramaru Atsushi , Harijoko Agung , Wibowo Haryo Edi
Published: February 2021

The 52ka eruption of Maninjau caldera produced two distinctive type of white pumices: transparent (TWP) and non-transparent (NTWP). Both pumice types are crystal-poor (avg. 3.3 %), having similar mineralogy (pl > qz > bt > px > opq), similar glass compositions (avg. 78.5 wt. % SiO2), and similar plagioclase core compositions (avg. An20-30). We found that the abundance of TWP decrease towards the upper stratigraphic positions, together with the increase in NTWP, grey pumice, banded pumice, and lithic contents. Vesicles in TWP are typically dominated by large vesicles, while NTWP is characterized by abundant-small vesicles. Large vesicle corresponds to the preexisting bubble which formed in magma chamber (pheno-bubble, > 0.1 mm). On the other hand, small vesicle in groundmass (matrix-bubble, < 0.1 mm) is attributed to second nucleation in the conduit during the eruption. We performed quantitative comparison using pheno- and matrix-bubble number densities (PBND and MBND) for these two white pumice types. The correlation between PBND and MBND result in two regimes: (1) decompression-controlled regime, showing nearly constant-PBND correlation for TWP, and (2) phenobubble-controlled regime, showing steeply-decreasing PBND correlation for NTWP. In the first regime, MBNDs value varies dramatically, suggesting the variation of decompression rate by two to three orders of magnitudes. While in the second regime, the slight increase of MBNDs is considered as the effect of the decrease in PBND within the nearly constant decompression rate.
The K Nearest Neighbor Algorithm for Imputation of Missing Longitudinal Prenatal Alcohol Data
Authors: Sania Ayesha , Pini Nicolo , Nelson Morgan , Myers Michael , Shuffrey Lauren , Lucchini Maristella , Elliott Amy J. , Odendaal Hein J. , Fifer William
Published: February 2021

Background — Missing data are a source of bias in epidemiologic studies. This is problematic in alcohol research where data missingness is linked to drinking behavior. Methods — The Safe Passage study was a prospective investigation of prenatal drinking and fetal/infant outcomes (n=11,083). Daily alcohol consumption for last reported drinking day and 30 days prior was recorded using Timeline Followback method. Of 3.2 million person-days, data were missing for 0.36 million. We imputed missing data using a machine learning algorithm; “K Nearest Neighbor” (K-NN). K-NN imputes missing values for a participant using data of participants closest to it. Imputed values were weighted for the distances from nearest neighbors and matched for day of week. Validation was done on randomly deleted data for 5-15 consecutive days. Results — Data from 5 nearest neighbors and segments of 55 days provided imputed values with least imputation error. After deleting data segments from with no missing days first trimester, there was no difference between actual and predicted values for 64% of deleted segments. For 31% of the segments, imputed data were within +/-1 drink/day of the actual. Conclusions — K-NN can be used to impute missing data in longitudinal studies of alcohol use during pregnancy with high accuracy.