bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Strengthening Standards for Fire Prevention of Anti-freeze Electric Heating Cable
Authors: Lee Jae-Hun , Park Jong-Young , Oh Bu-yeol , Park Jung-Woo
Published: January 2022

As per the fire statistics survey of 2019, 56.5% (152 cases) of the entire fire accidents (269 cases) caused by heating cables were due to electrical factors. Therefore, in the present work, the electrical factors responsible for heating cable fire have been analyzed, and fire prevention measures have been demonstrated through related reproduction experiments. According to heating cable fire statistics, the fire in anti-freezing appliances (heating cables), except for fires caused by electric cable arcing and other unknown factors, can be classified into four types based on installation configurations. These configurations have been classified and tested according to the Technical Regulations for Electrical and Telecommunications Products and Components (K 10013). The results of a comparative experiment on anti-freezing appliances (heating cable) revealed that the configuration “a type of water pipe with a heating cable wrapped around the water pipe and insulation on the outside” showed the highest temperature among the four installation arrangements. Additionally, the maximum difference between the test temperature (K 10013) and the actual temperature was 40 ℃.
Experimental Study on the Thermal Effect according to the Distance around a Hydrogen Jet Flame
Authors: Kwon Ohseung , Cho Keonho , Park Kyung-Hwan
Published: January 2022

In this study, the safe distance in the case of a hydrogen vehicle fire was analyzed according to the temperature distribution around a hydrogen gas jet flame formed by the thermally activated pressure relief device operation of a hydrogen storage container. The experiment was conducted while 70 MPa hydrogen gas was released from a 1.8-mm-diameter nozzle to a 1.8- × 1.8 m fire-resistant structure wall for distances of 2 and 4 m between the nozzle output and the wall. To analyze the temperature around the hydrogen gas jet flame, five fire-fighting heat-protective hood test samples, certified by the Korea Fire Institute, and temperature sensors were installed every 1 m from the center of the jet flame in the vertical direction to the direction of the flame. In the experiment, the temperature around the jet flame was measured to observe the safe distance for firefighters. The results show that the safe distances at 70°C or less, which is harmless to firefighters, were 5 m without a heat-protective hood and 3 m with a heat-protective hood. In addition, it was confirmed that the direction of the jet flame and blocking by obstacles affect the safe distance during fire-fighting and rescue activities by firefighters.
A Numerical Study on Jet Release from Off-site and Mobile Hydrogen Refueling Station for Separation Distance
Authors: Park Byoungjik , Kim Jinhyun , Lim Ohk Kun , Kim Yangkyun
Published: January 2022

High-pressure hydrogen facilities are prone to jet release accidents. In the cases of immediate ignition, jet fire occurs, and delayed ignition can lead to explosion accidents. Therefore, its management is crucial to avoid leakage. In this study, the change in volume fraction of hydrogen and the flammable area around the hydrogen facility were calculated using a computational fluid dynamics model, for the cases of jet release accident in a hydrogen storage tank of off-site hydrogen refueling station and a mobile hydrogen refueling station. The leakage at the off-site hydrogen refueling station was through the opening at the top of the wall. The mobile hydrogen refueling station had hydrogen stagnated in the lower part of the wing body due to the wing body. Most of the hydrogen facilities were included in the hydrogen flammable zone after 10 s of the jet release. Further, after 30 s, the flammable distance was calculated to be approximately twice for of a mobile hydrogen refueling station as compared to a storage type hydrogen refueling station.
Investigation Techniques of Arson Fire in Low-Temperature Warehouses Using ED-XRF
Authors: Kim Si-Kuk , Chae Byeong-Kil , Han Yong-Taek
Published: January 2022

Investigation techniques for fire prevention in low-temperature warehouses were studied using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF). In the first experiment, a sample (galvanized steel sheet plus urethane foam plus sandwich panel) was burned with 500 mL of a flammable liquid (gasoline, thinner, kerosene, and light oil)/ Then, the component change of the sample was measured. In the combustion experiment, there was a difference in the heat of combustion depending on the type of flammable liquid; however, as a result of measuring the component change of the sample with ED-XRF after combustion, the largest component change was measured in the combustion experiment with gasoline. The change was in the order of thinner, kerosene, and diesel. Using ED-XRF, it was possible to distinguish the flammable liquid used in the experiment by measuring the component change of the sample resulting from the difference in the combustion heat of the flammable liquid. A second experiment was conducted under the same conditions as the first experiment, assuming a fire brigade fire suppression condition, and the combustion time of the flammable liquid was limited to 600 s. A combustion characteristic of flammable liquids is that the temperature and heat flux reach the maximum value within 300 s after the start of combustion regardless of the type of liquid. Because the change of composition was confirmed in the order of light oil, it was possible to distinguish the flammable liquid used at the fire site using the ED-XRF measurement result.
Full-scale Fire Suppression Tests to Analyze the Effectiveness of Existing Lithium-ion Battery Fire Response Procedures for Electric Vehicle Fires
Authors: Lim Ohk Kun , Kang Sungwook , Kwon Minjae , Choi Joung Yoon
Published: January 2022

The number of registered eco-friendly vehicles has exceeded a million, and their market share has expanded. In this study, the effectiveness of existing fire response procedures for lithium-ion batteries, which are widely used in eco-friendly vehicles, was investigated by using water-based extinguishing agents, fire blankets, and flood barriers. Water, wetting agents, and foaming agents were sprayed on the underside of battery packs. A temperature decrease rate of ~0.08 ℃ was measured, and no significant difference was observed between the extinguishing agents. Continuous thermal runaway occurred when a fire blanket was applied, and the temperature inside the damaged battery pack rapidly decreased after water permeated its cracks. Quantitative analysis of fire suppression methods can provide information toward the development of practical fire incident response plans for electric vehicles.
Film Literacy: Reading A Tale of Three Sisters Sociologically
Authors: ŞEYLAN Seher
Published: January 2022

Günümüz yüzyılında gelişen teknoloji ile beraber dört bir taraftan bilgi bombardımanı altında kalan bireyin, doğru bilgiye ulaşması için bir takım okuma yazma becerilerine sahip olmasını gerekmektedir. Çoğu zaman birincil bilgilenme
kaynağı olan medyadan soyut, somut, ses ve hareket aracılığıyla bireye ulaşan iletilerin ardında yatan toplumsal, kültürel ve politik mesajların farkına varabilmek için medya okuryazarı olmak şarttır. Öte yandan, medyayı okuma
becerisi geleneksel ve yeni medya iletilerini çözümleyebilme noktasında yeterli olabilmekle beraber, günümüzde etki alanı gittikçe genişleyen sinema filmlerinin örtük dilini anlamak ve filmi eleştirebilme becerisine sahip olmak
film okuryazarlığı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Filmleri edilgen bir şekilde seyretmekten öte, anlama ve değerlendirme niteliklerine sahip bir seyirci kitlesi yaratmayı hedef edinen film okuryazarlığı, filmin derinliklerinde yatan
anlam katmanlarına ulaşır. Bu yaklaşım, film seyretmeyi vakit geçirmek için bir araç olarak görmek yerine, filmi kültür ve sanat ürünü olarak değerlendirir. Sosyolojik analiz filmleri sosyal bir sanat ve kültür ürünü olarak okuyan
yöntemlerden biridir. Bu yöntem filmleri toplumun değer yargılarını ve ideallerini yansıtan kültürel birer ürün olarak görür. Filmleri sosyolojik anlayışla okumanın temelinde ulus, sınıf, ırk, cinsiyet çerçevesinde toplumun değer
yargılarını, toplumsal hafızasını, yaşam biçimini, toplumsal rolleri saptamak hedeflenir. Bu tür okumada, filmler üretilmiş oldukları ya da ele aldıkları dönemin toplumsal verilerine göndermede bulunur. Bu çalışmada Kız Kardeşler
filmi (Emin Alper, 2019), sınıf, iktidar, toplumsal cinsiyet ve roller bağlamında sosyolojik açıdan analiz edilmektedir. Sosyolojik okuma ile analiz edilen filmin sınıf mücadelesi, toplumsal cinsiyet, roller ve iktidar bağlamında
veriler barındırdığı görülmektedir.
Investigation Of Ankle Muscle Strength And Balance Parameters Of Football And Volleyball Players
Authors: Gizem ÖZCAN Kevser , ÇOLAK Serap
Published: January 2022

Araştırmanın amacı; futbol ve voleybolcuların performanslarını etkileyen başta ayak bileği kas kuvveti, fonksiyonel performans olarak dikey sıçrama ölçümü ve denge seviyelerini (Easytech denge cihazı) belirlemek istatistiksel farklarını
tespit etmek ve parametrelerin kendi içlerinde ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Voleybol ve futbolcuların, ayak bileklerini farklı kullanmaları (örneğin futbolda şut çekme, çalım atma…) ayak bileği kas kuvvetini ve mobilitesini etkileyebilecektir.
Ayrıca bu iki spor branşının müsabaka ve antrenmanların yapıldığı sahalar ve hareketlerin farklılığı da sporcular arasında denge kabiliyet farklılıklarını ortaya çıkarabilecektir. Ayak bileği kas kuvvetleri ve denge seviyeleri
ne denli iyi olursa performanslar da o kadar yüksek olacaktır. Çalışmada bu farklılıklar ve ilişkiler ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamıza 20 kadın sedanter (yaş:24,5±2,83), 20 kadın fubolcu (yaş:23,5±3,56) ve 20 kadın
voleybolcu (yaş:21,8±2,30) olmak üzere toplam 60 kadın katılım sağlamıştır. Katılımcıların antropometrik ölçümleri, denge ölçümleri (easy-tech denge ölçüm cihazı), ayak bileği kas kuvveti ölçümleri (Geratech Digital Force Gauge)
ve ayak bileği esnekliği (gonyometre) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere normal dağılıma uygunluk testleri yapılarak, çoklu grup karşılaştırılması için Anova testi uygulanmış ve farkın kaynaklandığı grubu tespit etmek
için Tukey testi kullanılmıştır. Her gruba ait değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Futbol ve voleybolcular arasında ayak bileği kas kuvveti ile denge parametreleri arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Araştırmamızda kadın futbol ve kadın voleybolcuların ayak bileği kas kuvveti ile ayak bileği esnekliği ve bazı antropometrik ölçümleri arasında anlamlı yönde ilişki bulunmuştur
(p<0,05). Kadın futbolcu ve voleybolcuların kendi içlerinde ayak bileği kas kuvvetleri ile denge seviyeleri açısından anlamlı düzeyde korelasyon tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05). Branşlar arasında ayak bileği kas kuvveti, denge
ve bazı antropometrik ölçümleri arasında farklar tespit edilmiştir. Performansı etkileyen temel yapılar arasında denge ve kuvvet önemli bir yere sahiptir. Antrenman programlarında branşlara göre denge ve kuvvet çalışmalarına daha
çok yönelinmesi önerilmektedir.
Effect of Povidone Iodine Versus Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on Oral Mucositis among Cancer Patients
Authors: Jyothi . , Latha S , Pavithra K , Nalini M , Rao Sowmya J , Mamatha B
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are the standard treatment given for cancer, which leads to the variety of adverse effects of which Oral Mucositis (OM) is one of the common side-effects. It is responsible for patient discomfort and decreases their level of functioning. Both Chlorhexidine and Povidone Iodine have got antimicrobial and antifungal activity which decreases the severity of mucositis. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Povidone Iodine and Chlorhexidine mouthwash on OM among cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the tertiary care hospital of Mangaluru, Karnataka, India for the duration of one year and three months from December 2015-March 2017. Fifty cancer subjects aged between 25 to 65 years and who developed OM after radiation therapy or chemotherapy were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using the demographic profile, clinical proforma and World Health Organisation (WHO) OM grading scale (2004) from 19.09.2016 to 17.12.2016. Experimental group I received 10 mL of diluted Povidone Iodine mouthwash and group II received 10 mL of diluted chlorhexidine mouthwash. Level of OM in the group I and group II were assessed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day using WHO OM grading scale (2004). The data were analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics (Wilcoxon signed- rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, Repeated measures ANOVA) using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Among the 50 cancer subjects, majority 30 (60%) were in the age group between 55-64 years and majority 35 (70%) were receiving radiation therapy. On day seven, in the group I (Povidone Iodine) majority 14 (56%) subjects had mild level of mucositis whereas in the group II (Chlorhexidine) majority 14 (56%) subjects had moderate mucositis. Comparison of the effect of Povidone Iodine and Chlorhexidine mouthwash using Friedman’s ANOVA showed that there was a difference in the level of mucositis (p<0.05) at 5% level of significance among two groups. The study findings also revealed a difference in the level of mucositis between day 1 to day 3, 5 and 7 (Mann-Whitney U test) (p<0.05) in both the groups. Conclusion: Povidone Iodine mouth wash was more effective than Chlorhexidine mouthwashes in reducing OM, and the patients were more comfortable after the use of the mouthwash.
Multivariate and Association Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Inbred Lines
Authors: Subba Vaskar , Nath Anirban , Ghosh Aditi , Ghosh Amitava , Kundagrami Sabyasachi
Published: January 2022

The present investigation reveals the diversity existing among thirty inbred lines of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) in terms of yield and yield attributing traits. The study further elucidates the mutual association among the various morphological traits recorded among the inbred lines. The inbred lines were evaluated during the Rabi seasons of 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19. The analysis of variance calculated over the mean performances of the inbred lines across three rabi seasons revealed significant differences among the inbred lines in terms of yield and yield attributing traits. The diversity among the inbred lines were further determined using cluster analysis which classified the inbred lines into 3 phylogenetically distinct groups. Additionally, a principal component analysis was performed which revealed three principal components (i.e., PC I, II and III) elucidating eighty six percent of the total observable variance among the inbred lines, with traits like grain yield, cob length, cob diameter, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row and number of grains per cob contributing to nearly half of the total variance explained by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The correlation as well as path coefficient analysis performed for the various traits further indicated significant influence of morphological traits like cob length, cob diameter, number of grain rows per cob and number of grains per cob over the observable grain yield per plant. Overall, the observations from the current investigation can be helpful in identifying superior parental lines to be used in future hybrid maize development programs.
Influence of Land Configurations and Mulching on Plant Growth and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Archana B. , Sampath O. , Devi K. B. Suneetha , Ravi P.
Published: January 2022

Inadequate moisture supply and poor soil management are some of the major constraints for productivity in grain legumes like chickpea, present study was to focus on effect of land configurations and mulching in overcoming the constraints and their effect on growth and yield of chickpea. During rabi, 2019-20, the experiment was laid out in split plot design at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial with three land configurations (M1- Flat bed, M2- Ridge and furrow, M3- Broad bed and furrow) as main plots and four mulching treatments (S1- Control, S2- Sesamum mulch, S3- Gliricidia mulch, S4- Paddy straw mulch) as sub plots and are evaluated for growth and yield. Significant performance of the growth parameters was observed under broad bed and furrow land configuration and in contrast, flat bed land configuration recorded the least performance. Among the mulching treatments gliricidia recorded the better performance over other treatments.
Antimicrobial Activity of Antibiotics, Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates
Authors: Hodžić Snježana , Hercegovac Amela , Tihić Nijaz , Husejnagić Darja , Avdić Aldijana , Ibišević Merima , Kadrić Melisa
Published: January 2022

Aims: The aims of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates to antibiotics and essential oils - Origanum compactum, Origanum majorana and Thymus serpyllum.

Study Design: Study included 30 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained from clinical material provided from the University Clinical Center Tuzla.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tuzla, BiH, between September 2019 to September 2020.

Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The following commercially available antibiotic discs were used: amoxicillin (30µg), cefalexin (30 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), amikacin (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), piperacillin (75µg), ampicilin (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg), ciprofloksacin (10 µg), ceftazidim (30 µg), cefotaksim (30 µg), ceftriaxone (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg) and aztreonam (30 µg). The antibacterial effect of the essential oils was tested for ESBL K. pneumoniae isolates using the diffusion method according to Clinical laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results: O. compactum and O. majorana essential oils showed the same antimicrobial activity with 80.0% effect on ESBL K. pneumoniae isolates, Thymus serpyllum EO showed antimicrobial activity of 60.0%. The lowest MIC value had the O. compactum essential oil (MIC 6 mg/ml-10.5 mg/ml), followed by the T. serpyllum (MIC 17.2 mg/ml-43 mg/ml), while the O. majorana essential oil showed MIC values in range from 11 mg/ml to 39 mg/ml.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed the exceptional sensitivity of ESBL K. pneumoniae clinical isolates to the essential oils from Origanum and Thymus genera, which highly suggests their potential application in the struggle against these pathogens in the future.
Evolving Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of Sepsis
Authors: Rakshana V. , Arunkumar A. S. , Mahadevan Laya
Published: January 2022

For many years, the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria were primarily considered for the diagnosis of sepsis, promoting the importance of inflammation. The definition and dia        gnostic criteria of sepsis has undergone a sizeable metamorphosis from the inception of standardized definitions of sepsis in 1991. In 1991, the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened in Chicago and emphasized that sepsis is an ‘ongoing process’ of infection and considered SIRS score of two or more for diagnosis of sepsis. SOFA scoring system is an easily calculated system using parameters that are usually obtained during routine care of patients. This ensures that delays are avoided from requirement of any special investigations, making it reproducible in any number of healthcare settings.
Phytochemical Investigation and Analgesic Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn
Authors: Sangeetha B. , Fernandes Ronald , Govinda K. Adarsha , Bhaskar K. Vijay
Published: January 2022

Aims: The study is designed to isolate and charecterize the phytoconstituents, and screen for the analgesic activity of stem bark extracts of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn.

Methodology: The cleaned, dried and powdered stem barks of Sapindus trifoliatus were subjected to extraction by maceration process. The concentrated ethanolic extract of stem bark on was further subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies.  The fractionated extracts were then packed into column chromatography for the isolation of phytoconstituents and they were characterized by IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopy.Acute toxicity was performed to establish the lethal dose of the extract and In vivo analgesic activity was performed by tail flick and acetic acid induced writhing methods in experimental animals.

Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies showed the presence of steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins and carbohydrates. Isolation of extracts led to give compounds like saponin glycoside, a steroid and triterpenoids. The extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg kg bodyweight. Analgesic activity was found significant at level P = 05 when compared with control by tail flick and acetic acid induced writhing models in experimental animals.

Conclusion: From ethanolic extract isolated a saponin glycoside,from petroleum ether stigmasterol and triterpenoids ursolic acid. The presence of saponin glycoside, triterpenoids, steroids might be responsible for the analgesic activity of the stem bark extract of Sapindus trifoliatus Linn.
Device for Holding a Mini Implant Placement Guide
Authors: Phaphe Sandesh , Sathe Tanuja
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Generally, a mini implant is a device which is used for fixing the bones. It helps in augmenting orthodontic anchorage. It is done wherein either by direct or indirect anchorage which further is getting removed subsequently after being used.

Objective: The objective of the present research is to provide a device for holding a mini implant placement guide. Another objective of the present research is to provide a device for holding a mini implant placement guide, which provides accurate placement of a mini implant in three planes of space, namely, sagittal, vertical and transverse.

Methods: The device is configured on a dental brace. The device is provided with an engaging member, an operating member, a vertical arm and a horizontal arm. The engaging member is having two engaging legs.

Results: The present research provides a device which is used in an orthodontics treatment. The orthodontics is a dental specialty that aids in the correction of the alignment of teeth, with respect to the skeletal form, and a soft- tissue relationship of a patient undertaking the treatment.

Conclusion: The present research provides a device for holding a mini implant placement guide. Also, the device provides accurate placement of a mini implant in three planes of space, namely, sagittal, vertical and transverse. Further, the device help in the placement site decision mesiodistally, as well as the vertical positions of the crown-to-root areas can be determined.
Prediction of Epitope Peptides for PTK Gene of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Sheefaa M. I. , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree
Published: January 2022

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a gramnegative bacilli acquiring both intrinsic and adaptive patterns of multi drug resistance and virulence. Immune-informatics approach holds promise to detect putative epitope peptides from vital virulence factors which can be further synthesized and evaluated for their immunological response.

Aim: The aim of the study was to predict the immuno-dominant peptides from the ptk gene of A. baumannii.

Materials and Methods: Protein retrieval of the Ptk gene using CELLO V.2.5 was done with the evaluation of antigenicity and allergenicity of the predicted epitopes, using Vaxijen V2.0 server and AlgPred servers. Epitope structure prediction and validation by using RAMPAGE revealed the homology peptides. Molecular Docking of epitopes with HLA-alleles using ClusterPro server, and further identification of B cell epitope was performed by using Kolaskar and Tonganokar antigenicity method.

Results: A total of 20 epitopes were predicted and 18 peptides were chosen based on antigenicity and stability analysis prediction. The structure predictions were carried out using pepfold server and based on Ramachandran plot analysis 10 epitopes were taken for further analysis.

Conclusion: The present finding has detected and evaluated the desirable epitope as LFFSLIAQW using an immune-informatic approach. However, it needs further experimental validation for its immunological response using standard in-vitro studies.
A Study on the Clinicopathological Profile of the Cases of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Menon Dhanya , Sudhan Iniya , Sekhar Ganthimathy
Published: January 2022

Aim: To assess the clinicopathological details of patients with colorectal cancer in a tertiary care centre in India and compare it other studies reported in the literature.

Study Design: This is a retrospective study conducted on all the patients who were admitted in the period of 2017 to 2020.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai. The data was processed and the manuscript was prepared between June 2020 and January 2021.

Methodology: Patient details were collected from the histopathology records and the parameters studied were age, gender, tumour site, histological type, differentiation and tumour stage of the colorectal carcinoma. The sampling was done using the complete enumerate sampling method. The patients diagnosed histopathologically as colorectal carcinoma were included in our study.

Results: A total of 51 patients had been admitted in the years 2017, 2018, and 2019 in our institute. There was a female predominance among the patients. The mean age of the patients was lesser than the mean age of colorectal cancer cases in other studies which have been reported in the country. The most common tumour site was rectum in both the sexes and the most common histologic type was adenocarcinoma. The most common histological differentiation was moderate differentiation.

Conclusion: The increased incidence in younger patients as compared to previous studies may be attributable to the lifestyle and dietary changes.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Complicating Plaque of Lupus Erythematosus - A Case Series
Authors: Manoharan K. , Manoharan D. , Sivaramakrishnan S. , Sanjay Nehete Sanket
Published: January 2022

Lupus Erythematosus is a multisystem disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from cutaneous involvement to widespread systemic involvement. Squamous cell carcinoma formation in cutaneous lesions of LE is rare but had greater chances of metastases. Here, we report two cases, one of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus and other of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus complicated by development of squamous cell carcinoma over cutaneous lesions.
Effect of Lycopene on Histological Alterations of Basement Membrane & Fibrosis in Renal Interstitial Tissue of Celebrex Induced Albino Rats; An Experimental Study
Authors: Sundus Sadia , Kumar Ashok , Rehman Anjum , Ata-Ur-Rehman . , Naqvi Sara , Aslam Sana
Published: January 2022

Objective: To assess the histological alterations in basement membrane and fibrosis in renal interstitium of albino rats due to celebrex with enhancement by lycopene. 

Study Design: Experimental study.

Abode of Study: Animal House of Jinnah Postgraduate institute, Karachi,

Materials and Methods: COX-2 inhibitor and antioxidant medicines were used in this research work. These medications were orally administered in 40 male albino rats weighing 200-220gm for experimentation. Rats were housed in separate pens at 23ºC. Rats were arranged into 4 groups including control horde and three experimental hordes. The medications were dose up orally by gastric tube daily for one month.  At completion of experiment, animals were dissected and tissues were well-preserved for staining.

Results: In second horde PAS stained kidney segments showed disrupted basement membrane of distended proximal convoluted tubules & ill-defined brush border and fibrosis in renal interstitium, but 3rd horde had intact basement membrane & well-define brush border at the luminal surface of proximal tubular epithelium and there was mild fibrosis in renal interstitium.

Conclusion: This study divulges that lycopene convalesce the disrupted basement membrane and fibrosis in second horde.
Formulation and Evaluation of Gabapentin Sustained Release Matrix Tablet Using Hibiscus rosa sinensis Leaves Mucilage as Release Retardant
Authors: Amsa P. , Mathan G. K. , Magibalan S. , Velliyangiri E. K. , Kalaivani T. , Priya S.
Published: January 2022

The major goal of this study was to develop and evaluate Sustained release matrix tablets of Gabapentin with Hibiscus rosa - sinensis leaves mucilage prepared by using wet granulation technique with microcrystalline cellulose as a diluents and magnesium stearate as a lubricant. Pre-compression and post-compression evaluation of physicochemical parameters were carried out and to be within acceptable limits. Drug and polymer compatibility were validated by FTIR measurements. Further, tablets were evaluated for in vitro release study. To get the sustained release of Gabapentin, the concentration of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis mucilage was tuned with a gas-generating agent. The % drug release of all formulation from F1 to F5 showed 91.24%, 80.24%, 70.53%, 62.12% and 49.83% respectively. All the dosage form release kinetics was computed using zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas methods. From the above results, it is concluded that the n value of formulation F5 showed 0.78 suggesting anomalous (non-fickian) behavior of the drug. Mucilage from the leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a great retarding effect in drug release from sustained release tablets.
To Evaluate Fear and Assess Practice Modification among Dentist against COVID-19 in India – A Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Ingole Anil , Sajjanar Jayashree , Gade Jaykumar , Soni Minal , Jaiswal Karan , Agarkar Anand
Published: January 2022

Introduction: This highly infective new virus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2), is a corona virus responsible of an acute respiratory syndrome, often asymptomatic but potentially lethal, named Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Airborne and direct contact contamination is a major infection pathway of Sars-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 transmission during dental procedures can therefore happen through the inhalation of aerosol/droplets from infected individuals or direct contact with mucous membranes, oral fluids, and contaminated instruments and surfaces .Therefore, dentists have a high risk of getting infected from patients and potentially spreading it to their peers, families, and other patients.

Aim: To evaluate fear and assess practice modification among dentist against COVID-19 in India

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 260 general dental practitioners, postgraduates and graduates across Central India, who were registered under the Dental Council of India, were included in the survey. A questionnaire consisting of 22 Questions with regard to COVID -19 fear and practice modification was designed and the questionnaire was circulated through a web designed program. The responses were collected, and data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS Statistics for Windows version 27.0.

Results: There is a description of the fear and anxiety levels of dental care professionals towards COVID-19; 83.85% of participants were afraid of getting infected with COVID-19 from either a patient or a co-worker. While treating a coughing or a patient suspected to be infected with COVID-19, 90% were anxious. In terms of using personal protection, 63.85% believed that a surgical mask is not enough to prevent cross-infection of COVID-19. In comparison, 93.08% favored the use of N-95 masks for routine dental procedures during the current outbreak. Although the majority 91.15% recommended routine universal precautions of infection control.

Conclusion: Overall, this study sheds light on the association of COVID-19 factors and fear and anxiety elevated among dentists during working in this pandemic. Covid-19 spread all over world and is worsening day by day. On current scenario several dental practices have either modified their services according to recommended guidelines to emergency treatment only, or closed down practices for an uncertain period.
Overview on Causes, Diagnosis and Management of Knee Injuries in Children and Adolescents: Review Article
Authors: Hamed Nazim Faisal , Sheikha Mohammed Hussen , Albalawi Ahmed Sughayyir , Aloufi Abdulrahman Abdullah , Alshammari Abdullah Khalaf A. , Althubyani Sawsan Musri , Almatrafi Nouf Dhaifallah Ali , Saraj Emtenan Adel Hussain , Alhawiti Manal Mohammed E.
Published: January 2022

This review aimed to summarize the updates in the causes, diagnosis and management of knee injuries in children and adolescents. Knee injuries are common and are often the result of multiple forces: varus, valgus, hyperextension, hyperflexion, internal rotation, external rotation, anterior or posterior translation, and axial loading. Certain combinations of force are known to cause specific patterns of injury. A knee injury can affect any ligaments, tendons, or fluid-filled sacs (bursae) that surround the knee joint, as well fas the bones, cartilage, and ligaments that make up the joint itself. ACL injuries are one of the most common types of knee injuries, including a torn meniscus that is common in sports that require jumping jacks, patellar fractures, and knee bruises. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to more fully evaluate knee injuries. Radiologists can accurately identify individual lesions and combinations of lesions. Surgical and non-surgical treatments are performed depending on the case.
Case Report On: Complete Heart Block
Authors: Dhengare Archana , Ankar Ruchira , Sharma Ranjana , Sakharkar Sheetal , Raut Arati , Wavare Sonali
Published: January 2022

When the electrical signal normally does not travel from the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, to the ventricles, or lower chambers, full heart block occurs. During surgery, the atrio ventricular (AV) node is weakened and complete heart block can result. Often, complete heart block occurs naturally without surgery [1].

Patient History: Heart block is an irregular heart rhythm where the heart (bradycardia) beats too slowly. In this condition, between the upper chamber (atria) and the lower chamber (ventricles), the electrical signals that tell the heart to contract are partially or completely blocked. Present history- The patient 71-year old male who was admitted to hospital on date 25/11/2019 with the chief complaint was severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitation, vertigo, and sweating since in 4 months.

Conclusion: The patient was admitted in the hospital with the chief complaint  of severe chest pain, breathlessness, excessive palpitation, vertigo and sweating since 4 months and his condition was very critical and the patient was admitted in AVBR Hospital and immediate treatment was started.
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus and Enterococcus
Authors: Madhumitha B. , Muralidharan N. P.
Published: January 2022

Background: The study of microorganism is called microbiology, which includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and Protozoa. Microbes play a major role in this field. Microbes are also used for life-saving drugs etc.. The effect of ultraviolet rays on the bacterias are mostly lethal to them, UV is a minor fraction of the solar spectrum reaching the ground surfaces, the UV light radiation will reduce the microbes in the surroundings as well as in the labs.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ultraviolet rays on pathogenic bacterias.

Materials and methods: Three organisms were selected for the study. Pseudomonas, S. Aureus and Enterococcus. 30 watts Uv tube was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the Uv radiation. The exposure time was determined as 5, 10 and 15 mins at a close distance of 10cm. 20 microliter of suspension was taken and mixed in 2 ml of sterile normal saline and exposed for respective duration. Sub culture was done on suitable media after the exposure . Time exposed plates were incubated at 37 degree Celsius overnight and checked for the total CFU and data were tabulated.

Results: The Ultraviolet radiation of pathogenic bacteria resulted in a significant reduction of the total colony forming unit.

Conclusion: Ultraviolet rays were lethal to the bacterias. There are many  airborne bacterias surrounded by environment ultraviolet rays exposure will cause an apparent decrease in the pathogenic bacterias.
Comparative Hypolipidemic Evaluation of Aframomum Melegueta Seeds and Moringa Oleifera Leaves
Authors: Nwankwo L. U. , Onyegbule F. A. , Abba C. C. , Agbamu E.
Published: January 2022

Aims: The study was carried out to compare the lipid lowering effects of both crude drugs as well as deducing the extracts with the best lipid lowering property; and the fractions.

Study Design: The research was conducted with an experimental design solely based on laboratory trials which involved the use of ninety-six (96) male albino wistar rats to compare the hypolipidemic effects of both crude drugs and respective fractions.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria. The research was carried out from March to August, 2021.

Methodology: Ethanol extracts of both plants were prepared using soxhlet extraction. Each extract was then subjected to VLC fractionation using four solvents: n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The fractions were bulked together after conducting thin layer chromatographic procedures and each extract was bulked into four fractions. The acute toxicity studies (LD50) of both extracts were determined in the rats using Lorke’s method. The crude extracts were screened for the presence and quantity of phytoconstituents using standard methods. The antilipidemic study was carried out using sixty-eight (68) rats randomized into seventeen (17) groups of four (4) animals each. Lipid profile was determined using spectrophotometer. Liver function tests and histology was also carried out using standard procedures.

Results: Administration of various treatments (both crude extracts and fractions) evoked a significant (p<0.05) reduction of TC, TG, and LDL-C as well as significant (p<0.05) elevation of HDL-C when compared with the negative control. With a percentage serum lipid reduction of 45.11%TC, 48.23%TG, 63.39% LDL-C and 174.69% elevation of HDL-C, the group treated with the combination of 500 mg/kg Aframomum melegueta and 500 mg/kg Moringa oleifera produced the best hypolipidemic effect. This is closely followed by fraction MO4. Comparatively, Moringa oleifera extracts exerts a better antilipidemic effect than Aframomum melegueta seed extract. The liver function test showed that both plants has no toxic effect on the liver cells at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, hence confirming the hepatoprotective effect of both crude drugs at the doses administered.

Conclusion: In conclusion, results from this study suggests that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves is more effective than ethanol extract of Aframomum melegueta seeds as a                   hypolipidemic agent, however, combination of both crude drugs as a lipid lowering agent has proved to be more effective and reliable when compared to each crude drug administered independently.
Anti-microbial and Wound Healing Properties of Leaf Extracts of Spermacoce verticillata L
Authors: Nachiya R. A. M. Jainaf , Sangeetha G. , Ragunathan R. , Shahanawaz SD , Bhattacharya Sumanta
Published: January 2022

The Rubiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal families that are found in the tropical region of the world. There are many species under the Rubiaceae family such as Coffea arabica, Cinchona officinalis, Spermacoce verticillate. There are several plant parts used to extract the metabolites from, such as the leaf, bark, root, seed, or fruit. The leaf of Spermacoce verticillata has many medicinal values as it contains metabolites which help to reduce microbial activity and help to heal the wound. The microbial activity can lead to skin infections and internal disease. The plant metabolites can act via inhibition of cell wall formation or inhibition of protein synthesis.

Wound healing is referred to as the repair of cuts and infections of the human skin. Leaf extracts may help to increase the fibrin formation to clot the blood, and the metabolic compounds may also help to reduce the microbial load in the wound to reduce the chance of infection.

Plant leaves contain many metabolites that can act as antimicrobial substances for humans such as minimoidiones A, Cytochalasin D, multiforicin I, and xylarenones E.. Some of those factors can disrupt the sequence of wound healing such as factors of controlling blood sugar level which seriously affect the wound healing and external factors such as contamination of microbes in the wound. The wound healing properties of leaf extract help the immune system to fight the microbes which slow down the wound healing process by the release of harmful metabolites.
Prevalent Rate of Occupational Stress among Senior High School Teachers
Authors: Owusu Dominic , Nkyi Anthony A. , Adasi Grace Sintim
Published: January 2022

This study assessed occupational stress among Senior High School teachers in Ghana. The descriptive survey design was used for the study. The census method was used to involve all the 520 teachers in the selected public Senior High Schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (independent samples t-test and One-Way ANOVA) were employed for the data analysis. The findings showed low level of occupational stress among the teachers engaged in the research. The study also revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in occupational stress among teachers based on their gender. However, the study found out that there was a statistically significant difference in occupational stress among teachers based on their age, educational qualification and teaching experience. Based on the findings and the conclusions drawn, it was recommended that the Ghana Education Service (GES) and other analogous institutions should consciously re-design the responsibilities of teachers in the classroom in such a way that it may reduce the occupational stress, burnout and turnover intentions teachers experience on their jobs.
Evolution of the Rate of Live and Tapped Trees of Hevea brasiliensis Clones, Muell. Arg. the First 15 Years of Plantation Establishment
Authors: Moussa Diarrassouba , Eric Francis Soumahin , Djézou Konan , Pulchérie Kouakou N’ Guessan Kan , Perpetue Moro Affia , Antoine Koffi , Samuel Obouayeba
Published: January 2022

The density of tapped rubber trees in a plantation is a determining parameter of its productivity. It is related to the number of trees planted per hectare, the evolution of which can be influenced by several factors that act on the trees from the year of establishment to the time of tapping. To this end, a study to determine the evolution of the rate of live trees and tapped trees of eight rubber clones during the first fifteen years of establishment was carried out in southwestern Côte d'Ivoire. At opening, rubber trees planted at 510 trees/ha (7 m x 2.80 m) were bled in a descending half-spiral at different tapping and stimulation frequencies. The experimental design was a Fisher block design with 6 treatments (d2, d3/4y, d4/4y, d4/8y, d5/8y, d6/10y) and 3 replications. The results revealed that the rate of live trees and tapped trees was not influenced by either clone or latex harvesting treatment. The rate of live trees decreased progressively from the immature phase of the plantation (94.71 ± 1.34%) to the end of the downward tapping (91.55 ± 0.67%). The rate of tapped trees increases from the time of planting (69.51 ± 8.03%), over the years (92.00 ± 1.39%) until it equals the rate of live trees (92.00 ± 1.08%) before gradually decreasing to 88 ± 3.78%. It should be noted that the factors influencing the evolution of the rates of live and taped trees caused less damage to the rubber trees. And this influence is not dependent on clone, metabolic activity class and latex harvesting system.
Revealing Readiness and Obstacles for Implementation of Financial Accounting Standards Msmes in Indonesia
Authors: . Hetika , Yasmin Arifia
Published: January 2022

This study aims to analyze the readiness and constraints of MSMEs in Indonesia in preparing financial reports in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards MSMES. This study uses a sample data of 271 MSME respondents throughout Indonesia. The sampling technique of this study was accidental sampling by calculating the number of samples using a sample size calculator on www.raosoft.com with consideration of a margin of error of 5%, a level of confidence of 90% and an expected response of 95 %. This study uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis by providing interpretation of data obtained from questions in interviews and questionnaires. The results of an analysis showed that 217 respondents or 80% of respondents had no knowledge of Financial Accounting Standards MSMEs. This shows that SMEs in Indonesia are not ready to implement Financial Accounting Standards MSMEs.