bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous detection of greenhouse gases CH4 and CO2 based on a dual differential photoacoustic spectroscopy system
Authors: Wang Fupeng , Wu Jinghua , Cheng Yaopeng , Fu Liyan , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2023

In addition to the atmospheric measurement, detection of dissolved carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in a water region is also an important aspect of greenhouse gas monitoring, such as CH4 and CO2. The first step of measuring dissolved gases is the separation process of water and gases. However, slow degassing efficiency is a big challenge which requires the gas detection technology itself with low gas consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a good choice with advantages of high sensitivity, low gas consumption, and zero background, which has been rapidly developed in recent years and is expected to be applied in the field of dissolved gas detection. In this study, a miniaturized differential photoacoustic cell with a volume of 7.9 mL is designed for CH4 and CO2 detection, and a dual differential method with four microphones is proposed to enhance the photoacoustic signal. What we believe to be a new method increases photoacoustic signal by 4 times and improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) over 10 times compared with the conventional single-microphone mode. Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers at 1651 nm and 2004nm are employed to construct the PAS system for CH4 and CO2 detection respectively. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and 2nd harmonic demodulation techniques are applied to further improve the SNR. As a result, sensitivity of 0.44 ppm and 7.39 ppm for CH4 and CO2 are achieved respectively with an integration time of 10 s. Allan deviation analysis indicates that the sensitivity can be further improved to 42 ppb (NNEA=4.7×10−10cm−1WHz−1/2) for CH4 and 0.86 ppm (NNEA=5.3×10−10cm−1WHz−1/2) for CO2 when the integration time is extended to 1000 s.
Effects of excitation power density on the Stern–Volmer constant measurement
Authors: Kou Meng , Qin Feng , Wang Yongda , Zhang Xiyu , Li Lu , Hu Zheng , Zhao Hua , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: September 2023

The Stern–Volmer constant (KSV) is an important parameter to describe the capability of energy transfer to oxygen for porphyrin and its derivatives. By fitting Stern–Volmer equation, IP0/IP = 1 + KSV[O2], the KSV is generally determined through phosphorescence intensities (IP) under aerobic and oxygen-free conditions. In this work, the effect of excitation power density on the KSV measurement is theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied, using palladium octaethylporphyrin (PdOEP) as an example. The IP of PdOEP increased nonlinearly with excitation power density, and the power dependent slope of IP0/IP could be obtained. By way of the functional relationship between the slope of IP0/IP and power density, the real KSV of PdOEP was fitted to be 58 ± 2 kPa−1. The oxygen-dependent phosphorescence lifetimes (τP) and IP under a weak excitation power are also measured to calculate the real KSV, which verifies our analysis.
Millimeter-wave generation based on a monolithic dual-wavelength DFB laser with four phase-shifted sampled gratings and equivalent chirp technology
Authors: Yuan Bocheng , Fan Yizhe , Zhu Simeng , Cheng Weiqing , Zhang Yunshan , Chen Xiangfei , Ye Shengwei , Liang Song , Huang Yongguang , Zhang Ruikang , Akbar Jehan , Marsh John H. , Hou Lianping
Published: September 2023

A dual-wavelength DFB laser array based on four phase-shifted grating and equivalent chirp technology is first proposed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated. The dual-wavelength emitting is achieved by symmetrically introducing two π phase shifts into a chirped four phase-shifted sampled grating cavity. Meanwhile, the beating signal of the dual-wavelength output is stabilized by applying an electro-absorption modulator integrated at the rear of the cavity. Under different grating chirp rates, a series of RF signals from 66.8 GHz to 73.6 GHz with a linewidth of less than 210 kHz is obtained.
Engineered planar plasmonic reflector for polaritonic mode confinement [Invited]
Authors: Rajabali Shima , Enkner Josefine , Cortese Erika , Beck Mattias , De Liberato Simone , Faist Jérôme , Scalari Giacomo
Published: September 2023

It was recently demonstrated that, in deep subwavelength gap resonators coupled to two-dimensional electron gases, propagating plasmons can lead to energy leakage and prevent the formation of polaritonic resonances. This process, akin to Landau damping, limits the achievable field confinement and thus the value of light-matter coupling strength. In this work, we show how plasmonic reflectors can be used to create an artificial energy stopband in the plasmon dispersion, confining them and enabling the recovery of the polaritonic resonances. Using this approach we demonstrate a normalized light-matter coupling ratio of Ω
R
ω0=0.36 employing a single doped quantum well with a resonator’s gap size of 250 nm equivalent to λ/3000 in vacuum, a geometry in which the polaritonic resonances would not be observable in the absence of the plasmonic reflectors.
Direct ultrafast carrier imaging in a perovskite microlaser with optical coherence microscopy
Authors: Sirotin Maxim A. , Popkova Anna A. , Bessonov Vladimir O. , Soboleva Irina V. , Lyubin Evgeny V. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Makarov Sergey V. , Fedyanin Andrey A.
Published: September 2023

Nanophotonics is an actively developing field of optics that finds
application in various areas, from biosensing to quantum computing.
The study of ultrafast modulation of the refractive index Δn is an important task in
nanophotonics, since it reveals the features of light–matter
interaction inside devices. With the development of active photonic
devices such as emitters and modulators, there is a growing need for Δn imaging techniques with both high
spatial and high temporal resolutions. Here, we report on an
all-optical ultrafast Δn imaging method based on
phase-sensitive optical coherence microscopy with a resolution of
1 ps in time and 0.5 µm in space and a sensitivity to Δn down to 10−3RIU. The advantages of the method are
demonstrated on emerging nanophotonic devices—perovskite microlasers,
in which the ultrafast spatiotemporal dynamics of the refractive index
during lasing is quantitatively visualized, illustrating the features
of relaxation and diffusion of carriers in perovskites. The developed
method allows us to estimate the ultrafast carrier diffusion and
relaxation constants simultaneously and to show that the CsPbBr3 perovskite carrier diffusion
coefficient is low compared to other semiconductors even during lasing
at high carrier densities, which leads to high localization of the
generated carrier cloud, and, consequently, to high fluorescence and
lasing efficiency. The resulting technique is a versatile method for
studying ultrafast carrier transport via Δn imaging, paving an avenue for the
applications of optical coherence tomography and microscopy in the
research of nanophotonic devices and materials.
The genetic identity of neighboring plants in intraspecific mixtures modulates disease susceptibility of both wheat and rice
Authors: Pélissier Rémi , Ballini Elsa , Temple Coline , Ducasse Aurélie , Colombo Michel , Frouin Julien , Qin Xiaoping , Huang Huichuan , Jacques David , Florian Fort , Hélène Fréville , Cyrille Violle , Morel Jean-Benoit
Published: September 2023

Mixing crop cultivars has long been considered as a way to control epidemics at the field level and is experiencing a revival of interest in agriculture. Yet, the ability of mixing to control pests is highly variable and often unpredictable in the field. Beyond classical diversity effects such as dispersal barrier generated by genotypic diversity, several understudied processes are involved. Among them is the recently discovered neighbor-modulated susceptibility (NMS), which depicts the phenomenon that susceptibility in a given plant is affected by the presence of another healthy neighboring plant. Despite the putative tremendous importance of NMS for crop science, its occurrence and quantitative contribution to modulating susceptibility in cultivated species remains unknown. Here, in both rice and wheat inoculated in greenhouse conditions with foliar fungal pathogens considered as major threats, using more than 200 pairs of intraspecific genotype mixtures, we experimentally demonstrate the occurrence of NMS in 11% of the mixtures grown in experimental conditions that precluded any epidemics. Thus, the susceptibility of these 2 major crops results from indirect effects originating from neighboring plants. Quite remarkably, the levels of susceptibility modulated by plant–plant interactions can reach those conferred by intrinsic basal immunity. These findings open new avenues to develop more sustainable agricultural practices by engineering less susceptible crop mixtures thanks to emergent but now predictable properties of mixtures.
Understanding knowledge, attitude and perception of Rift Valley fever in Baringo South, Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chiuya Tatenda , Fevre Eric M. , Junglen Sandra , Borgemeister Christian
Published: September 2023

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic disease that affects humans and livestock. In Kenya, the disease has spread to new areas like Baringo County, with a growing realization that the epidemiology of the virus may also include endemic transmission. Local knowledge of a disease in susceptible communities is a major driver of prevention and control efforts. A cross-sectional survey using a semi-structured questionnaire was conducted in five locations of Baringo South that had reported RVF cases during the last outbreak, to determine the knowledge, attitude and perception of the predominantly agro-pastoralist community to RVF. Knowledge of RVF clinical signs, transmission, risk factors and prevention all contributed to the total knowledge score. Additionally, the respondents’ attitude was based on their awareness of the threat posed by RVF and preparedness to take appropriate measures in case of suspected infection. Out of the 300 respondents, 80% had heard about the disease, however, only 9.6% attained at least half of the total knowledge score on RVF. Nevertheless, 86% recognized the threat it posed and knew the appropriate action to take in suspected human and livestock cases (positive attitude). Factors significantly associated with a better knowledge of RVF included higher education level, being Maasai, higher socio-economic index, old age and history of RVF in household members and livestock. Being Maasai and a higher socio-economic index were significantly associated with a positive attitude. The low level of knowledge exhibited by the respondents could be due to progressive loss of interest and information associated with a prolonged inter-outbreak period. This calls for regular awareness campaigns. More emphasis should also be put on educating communities on the role played by the mosquito vector in the epidemiology of RVF. The most promising routes of disseminating this information are radio and community gatherings.
Shigella and childhood stunting: Evidence, gaps, and future research directions
Authors: Bagamian Karoun H. , Anderson IV John D. , Blohm Gabriela , Scheele Suzanne
Published: September 2023

Early childhood growth deficits have been shown to have lifelong health and economic impacts, yet their connection to one of their underlying causes, diarrheal diseases, has remained difficult to characterize. Identifying the processes and mechanisms that underlie this link has remained a challenge due to the complexity of the relationship and limitations in access to more advanced laboratory methods. In recent years, however, several large-scale, multisite studies have extensively investigated and reported the prevalence, etiology, and impacts of diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years (CU5) in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). These studies, in combination with several single-site studies, have applied more advanced laboratory methods to uncover the etiology, true prevalence, infection mechanisms, and inflammation biomarkers of diarrheal disease. Of the multiple pathogens that have been shown to be strongly associated with diarrheal disease in CU5, Shigella is one of the more prevalent and impactful of these pathogens. In this narrative review, we highlight key insights from these studies and identify knowledge gaps and directions for future research. According to these studies, Shigella is most commonly detected in toddlers and young children; however, it can cause more severe disease and has a greater impact on linear growth for infants. Shigella often has a stronger relationship to linear growth faltering (LGF) than other enteropathogens, with higher Shigella loads resulting in greater growth deficits. Future studies should employ more Shigella-specific molecular assays and identify diarrheal etiologies using standardized diagnostics to improve child anthropometric and Shigella surveillance. Also, they should focus on uncovering the mechanisms of the relationship underlying Shigella and growth faltering to better characterize the role of asymptomatic infections and intestinal inflammation in this relationship.
Investigation of the impact of nonsynonymous mutations on thyroid peroxidase dimer
Authors: Begum Mst. Noorjahan , Mahtarin Rumana , Ahmed Sinthyia , Shahriar Imrul , Hossain Shekh Rezwan , Mia Md. Waseque , Qadri Syed Saleheen , Qadri Firdausi , Mannoor Kaiissar , Akhteruzzaman Sharif
Published: September 2023

Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable endocrine disorders associated with thyroid dysgenesis or dyshormonogenesis. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene defect is mainly responsible for dyshormonogenesis; a defect in the thyroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. In Bangladesh, there is limited data regarding the genetic etiology of Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH). The present study investigates the impact of the detected mutations (p.Ala373Ser, and p.Thr725Pro) on the TPO dimer protein. We have performed sequential molecular docking of H2O2 and I- ligands with both monomers of TPO dimer to understand the iodination process in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. Understanding homodimer interactions at the atomic level is a critical challenge to elucidate their biological mechanisms of action. The docking results reveal that mutations in the dimer severely disrupt its catalytic interaction with essential ligands. Molecular dynamics simulation has been performed to validate the docking results, thus realizing the consequence of the mutation in the biological system’s mimic. The dynamics results expose that mutations destabilize the TPO dimer protein. Finally, principal component analysis exhibits structural and energy profile discrepancies in wild-type and mutant dimers. The findings of this study highlight that the mutations in TPO protein can critically affect the dimer structure and loss of enzymatic activity is persistent. Other factors also might influence the hormone synthesis pathway, which is under investigation.
Detection of canine obstructive nasal disease using infrared thermography: A pilot study
Authors: Lee-Fowler Tekla , Clark-Price Stuart , Lascola Kara
Published: September 2023

Infrared thermography detects variations in heat signature and is utilized in other species to non-invasively identify respiratory disease. This study aimed to determine if infrared thermography could be used to detect nasal disease in dogs. Eight dogs presenting for nasal disease (ND group) and ten healthy control dogs (C group) were enrolled. Dorsal and rostral images of the nose were acquired using a Fluke TiX580 60Hz thermal imaging camera. Images were analyzed using the accompanying software. Regions of interest were defined over the right and left nasal passages to determine the maximum (max), average (avg), and minimum (min) temperatures. Temperatures were compared between ND and C groups, and correlation to disease state (ND or C) was evaluated. Temperature differences and imaging patterns were subjectively compared with diagnosis based on computed tomography (CT) and histopathology. The ND group consisted of 5 spayed females and 3 neutered males. Clinical sings included unilateral epistaxis (n = 4); bilateral serous discharge and sneezing (n = 1); bilateral mucopurulent discharge, epistaxis, and sneezing (n = 1); unilateral mucoid discharge, epistaxis and sneezing (n = 1); and sneezing and unilateral epistaxis (n = 1). Temperatures were significantly different between ND and C groups on dorsal (max p = <0.001, avg p = 0.001, min p = <0.001) and rostral (max p = <0.001, avg p = <0.001, min p = 0.005) images. Temperature positively correlated to disease status (ND vs C group) in both dorsal and rostral images. Subjective analysis of images allowed correct identification of abnormal or normal 27/36 times. Obstructive nasal disease results in a local temperature increase in the affected nasal passage that can be non-invasively detected by infrared thermography.
Feasibility evaluation of N-Isopropyl Acrylamide 3D gel dosimeters for proton therapy
Authors: Yao Chun-Hsu , Huang Eng-Yen , Juan Kuo-Jung , Juang Pei-Jiuan , Juan Ying-Hsuan , Chang Yuan-Jen
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of applying 3D gel dosimeters for proton therapy. Two different formulations (5-5-3-5, 5-3-3-10) for the N-Isopropyl Acrylamide (NIPAM) polymer gel were used to find the best composition for the application of NIPAM polymer gels for proton therapy. The reaction of the gel under different physical conditions, including dependence on energy and dependence on the dose rate of the NIPAM gel under proton irradiation, was also explored. A NIPAM gel dosimeter was used to record the 3D dose distribution, and a self-developed parallel beam optical computed tomography scanner was used to obtain non-irradiated and post-irradiated gel phantom images. The NIPAM gel was filled into a cylindrical acrylic phantom. The results showed that the optical density of the irradiated NIPAM dosimeter was linear in the dose range of 0 to 6 Gy, and the linearity of the two NIPAM gel formulations at the depth of the dose point (2 cm) was 0.98 to 0.89. The dose depth curves showed different patterns with different gel sensitivities. This study demonstrated that the NIPAM gel dosimeter with the 5-3-3-10 formulation is suitable for verifying the dosimetry dose of proton beams.
Influences of the IEA Civic and Citizenship Education Studies: Practice, Policy, and Research across Countries and Regions, Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz and Judith Torney-Purta (eds) (2021)
Authors: Sears Alan
Published: September 2023

Review of: Influences of the IEA Civic and Citizenship Education Studies: Practice, Policy, and Research across Countries and Regions, Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz and Judith Torney-Purta (eds) (2021)

Cham: IEA and Springer, 301 pp.

ISBN 978-3-03071-101-6, p/bk, USD 59.99
Severe Oral Mucositis: Companies Put Their Money where the Mouth is and Vie for a Marketshare
Authors:   EpicentRx, Oronsky Bryan , Alizadeh Babak ,   EpicentRx
Published: September 2023

At one point only a few short years ago several more were in the race to be approved for severe oral mucositis (SOM), which refers to sores or ulcers that develop in the mouth and throat. SOM is the most serious and common complication from the management of head and neck cancer, a highly curable cancer if detected early and treated fully.
Telomerase Inhibition by MST-312 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to the Anti-cancer Properties of Plumbagin
Authors: Sameni Safoura , Viswanathan Ramya , Ng Gavin Yong-Quan , Martinez-Lopez Wilner , Hande M. Prakash
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy and the second most common cause of death due to cancer in women. This heterogeneous disease is currently broadly classified as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) positive luminal tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplified tumors and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Phytochemicals are proven to be promising anti-cancer chemotherapeutics agents with minimal cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) is a phytochemical derived from the roots of Plumbago zeylanica and it is known to possess anti-cancer properties similar to other compounds of naphthoquinones. In about 90% of cancer cells, the telomerase enzyme activity is revived to add telomeric repeats to evade apoptosis. In this study, a combinatorial approach of combining the anti-cancer compound plumbagin to induce genotoxicity and a potent telomerase inhibitor, MST-312 (synthetic derivative of tea catechins), was used to determine the combinational treatment-induced lethality in breast cancer cells such as MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) and MCF-7 (lumina) cells. MDA-MB-231 cells were responsive to combination treatment in both short-term (48 h) and long-term treatment (14 days) in a synergistic manner, whereas in MCF-7, the combination treatment was more effective in the long-term regimen. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effects of the plumbagin and MST-312 combination treatment were not recoverable after the short-term treatment. In conclusion, a combination treatment of MST-312 and plumbagin is proven to be more effective than a single plumbagin compound treatment in inducing DNA damage and telomere dysfunction leading to greater genome instability, cell cycle arrest and eventually cell death in cancer cells.
An integrated approach to the treatment of pretibial myxedema based on pulse therapy with prednisolone and electrical neuromyostimulation (FREMS-therapy) in a patient with Graves’ disease and thyroid eye disease
Authors: Perepelova M. A. , Zaitseva E. L. , Bessmertnaya E. G. , Grusha Ya. O. , Sviridenko N. Yu. , Galstyan G. R.
Published: September 2023

Graves’ disease (GD) is one of the urgent problems of modern endocrinology, characterized by a high frequency, polysystemic damage to the body, a steadily progressive course, diagnostic difficulties, a high degree of disability and often resistance to therapy. The manifestations of the disease include: thyrotoxicosis syndrome with impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and activation of multiple organ pathology in the form of thyroid eye disease (TED), pretibial myxedema, cardiovascular insufficiency, acropathy, lesions of the nervous, osteoarticular system, and other lesions. The development of multiple organ pathology can have a different sequence, different time intervals and different degrees of severity. Any developments in the direction of clarifying the etiopathogenetic, clinical diagnostic and treatment-rehabilitation measures are of undoubted significance. We present a clinical case of GD, TED and pretibial myxedema, in which an integrated approach was tested in the tactics of treating pretibial myxedema (a combination of pulse therapy with prednisolone and FREMS-therapy), as a result of which positive results were obtained within a short time.
Prepubertal gynecomastia at the debut of hereditary tumors predisposition syndrome (clinical case reports)
Authors: Kareva M. A. , Sozaeva L. S. , Chugunov I. S. , Peterkova V. A. , Mikhalina S. D.
Published: September 2023

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, PJS) refers to syndromes of hereditary tumor predisposition and is caused by pathological variants of the STK11 gene, leading to a defect in the synthesis of serine/threonine kinase 11 protein, which acts as a tumor suppressor.Clinical symptoms of the syndrome are combination of hamartomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract and specific skin-mucosal hyperpigmentation. Also, this disease is characterized by a high risk of developing gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal tumors, including benign or malignant tumors of the reproductive system.One of the first signs of the disease in male patients may be prepubertal gynecomastia associated with large-cell calcifying Sertoli cells tumors expressing aromatase. In contrast to from pubertal gynecomastia, prepubertal is extremely rare, and it is often based on pathological causes. Early diagnosis of patients with pre-pubertal gynecomastia, including Peitz-Jaegers syndrome, defines the tactics of gynecomastia management and protocols for monitoring the development of other components of the disease in the future.This article describes two patients with pre-pubertal gynecomastia and Peitz-Jaegers syndrome with different molecular genetic defects: in one case associated with duplication of the STK11 gene site, in the other — with microdeletion of the short arm of chromosome 19 containing this gene.
Diagnostic performance of ultrasound risk stratification systems on thyroid nodules cytologically classified as indeterminate: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xing Zhichao , Qiu Yuxuan , Zhu Jingqiang , Su Anping , Wu Wenshuang
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSSs) are increasingly being utilized for the optimal management of thyroid nodules, including those with indeterminate cytology. The goal of this study was to evaluate the category-based diagnostic performance of US RSSs in identifying malignancy in indeterminate nodules.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021266195). PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched through December 1, 2022. Original articles reporting data on the performance of US RSSs for indeterminate nodules were included. The numbers of nodules classified as true negative, true positive, false negative, and false positive were extracted.Results: Thirty-three studies evaluating 7,225 indeterminate thyroid nodules were included. The diagnostic accuracy was quantitatively synthesized using a Bayesian bivariate model based on the integrated nested Laplace approximation in R. For the intermediate- to high-risk category, the sensitivity levels of the American College of Radiology, the American Thyroid Association, the European Thyroid Association, the Korean Thyroid Association/Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology, and Kwak et al. were found to be 0.80, 0.72, 0.76, 0.96, and 0.97, respectively. The corresponding specificity measurements were 0.36, 0.50, 0.49, 0.28, and 0.17. Furthermore, for the high-risk category, the sensitivity values were 0.40, 0.46, 0.55, 0.47, and 0.10, while the specificity levels were 0.91, 0.90, 0.71, 0.91, and 0.99, respectively.Conclusion: The overall diagnostic performance of the US RSSs was moderate in the differentiation of indeterminate nodules.
Utility of fusion imaging for the evaluation of ultrasound quality in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance
Authors: Kim Yeun-Yoon , Cho Seo-Bum , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Choi Jin-Young , Kim Seung Up
Published: September 2023

Purpose: This study evaluated the quality of surveillance ultrasound (US) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) utilizing fusion imaging.Methods: This research involved a secondary analysis of a prospectively recruited cohort. Under institutional review board approval, participants referred for surveillance US who had undergone liver computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the past year were screened between August 2022 and January 2023. After patient consent was obtained, the US visualization score in the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System was assessed with fusion imaging at the time of examination. This score was compared to that of conventional US using the extended McNemar test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors independently associated with a US visualization score of B or C. Factors limiting visualization of focal lesions were recorded during fusion imaging.Results: Among the 105 participants (mean age, 59±11 years; 66 men), US visualization scores of B and C were assigned to 57 (54.3%) and 17 (16.2%) participants, respectively, by conventional US and 54 (51.4%) and 32 (30.5%) participants, respectively, by fusion imaging. The score distribution differed significantly between methods (P=0.010). Male sex was independently associated with US visualization scores of B or C (adjusted odds ratio, 3.73 [95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 10.76]; P=0.015). The most common reason (64.5%) for lesion nondetection was a limited sonic window.Conclusion: Conventional US may underestimate the limitations of the sonic window relative to real-time fusion imaging with pre-acquired CT or MRI in the surveillance of HCC.
“Eu não sou como você pensa”
Authors: Araújo Filha Sebastiana , Possas Hiran de Moura
Published: September 2023

O artigo é resultado de pesquisa que analisou, pela perspectiva de estudantes LGBTQIA+, quais e como se reproduzem identificações de gênero, no contexto de uma escola da rede pública estadual do sudeste do Pará. Metodologicamente, sob orientações de aportes interdisciplinares, em especial da História Oral, foram realizadas entrevistas dialógicas com os interlocutores da pesquisa, cujas identidades são preservadas por questões éticas. As principais categorias analíticas observadas “a descoberta do corpo, família e escola” receberam ensaios interpretativos. Os resultados reafirmam a importância da escola, como um dos espaços estratégicos e privilegiados, para a transformação de comportamentos e promoção de debates, visibilidades e participação crítica de estudantes LGBTQIA+.
As contribuições do Movimento Nacional por uma Educação do Campo na construção de políticas públicas para as escolas do campo
Authors: Souza Érica de Souza e , Mendonça Erivelton de Souza , Nascimento Gabriel Rodrigues do , Souza Soliana de Souza e , Borges Heloisa da Silva
Published: September 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as contribuições do Movimento Nacional por uma Educação do Campo na construção de políticas públicas para as escolas do campo da década de 1990 até os dias atuais. Os procedimentos teórico-metodológicos utilizados foram: pesquisa bibliográfica embasada nos estudos de Arroyo, Caldart e Molina (2011), Arroyo (2007), Borges (2007), Caldart (2012), Fernandes, Cerioli e Caldart (2011), Munarim (2008) e outros; e pesquisa documental a partir do Parecer do CNE nº 36/2001 relativo às Diretrizes Operacionais para a Educação Básica nas Escolas do Campo, Resolução CNE/CEB, nº 1, de 3 abril de 2002, Decreto Federal nº 7.352, de 4 de novembro de 2010a, Portaria nº 86, de 1 de fevereiro de 2013. Conclui-se que o Movimento Nacional por uma Educação do Campo vem contribuindo na construção de políticas públicas para as escolas do campo, na perspectiva de emancipação humana e de um projeto de educação contra-hegemônico para a classe trabalhadora camponesa.
Potencialidades da participação social no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Araujo Maria Gabriela Medeiros Cunha de , André Ayla Nóbrega , Cruz Pedro José Santos Carneiro
Published: September 2023

Este artigo focaliza as potencialidades da participação social no nível da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), a partir de uma revisão sistemática qualitativa da literatura em periódicos científicos brasileiros da Scientific Electronic Library Online, entre 2014 e 2022. Mediante os descritores “participação popular”, “participação da comunidade” e “participação social”, e os filtros “Brasil” e “Saúde”, selecionou-se os referentes à APS, obtendo-se 88 artigos. Aplicou-se a metassíntese qualitativa e duas sistematizações, resultando em cinco potencialidades principais. A expressão na literatura das potencialidades da participação social em saúde ainda é tímida. Esta revisão, ao reunir e tratar acerca de tal ferramenta construtora do fazer em saúde, contribui para o aprofundamento desse debate e, portanto, para a cidadania.
Sobre precarização e ressentimento
Authors: Vieira Ana Lúcia , Estormovski Renata Cecilia
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste ensaio é discutir os ataques sofridos pelos professores de escolas públicas por parte de outros trabalhadores durante a pandemia de Covid-19, de forma a relacionar essa situação ao processo de precarização do trabalho que, neste período particular do capitalismo, potencializa a constituição subjetiva do ressentimento. Para alcançá-lo, realiza-se um estudo qualitativo e bibliográfico, com referenciais que incluem Dardot e Laval (2016), Antunes (2000; 2009; 2018; 2020), Alves (2007) e Kehl (2020). Composta de duas seções centrais, a escrita elucida o processo de precarização que atinge os trabalhadores no capitalismo e relaciona-o à constituição do ressentimento, o que fomenta embates entre trabalhadores. A partir da discussão, invoca-se o papel da educação no reconhecimento e no fortalecimento de lutas contra a subordinação dos sujeitos a um formato de trabalho que os objetifica, estando na humanização a oportunidade de mudança.
Sistema de cotas
Authors: Aquino Fabíola Cristina de Oliveira Bento , Aquino Marcio Mateus Ferreira de , Souza Elicia Barros Guerra , Pedrosa Tulane Silva de Souza
Published: September 2023

Este artigo investiga o sistema de cotas. Considerado por muitos uma política pública de difícil aplicabilidade, há também aqueles que a consideram uma importante ferramenta de inclusão social. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um questionário e a análise foi realizada considerando as respostas dos professores participantes. Os resultados indicaram que os professores veem o sistema de cotas como um instrumento de inclusão social. Logo, a conclusão foi que essa política pública seja mais discutida e ampliada, demonstrando um caminho de possibilidades e avanços, permitindo a democratização do ensino para os cidadãos de diferentes classes sociais, lugares e cenários.
Barriers to women’s participation in and contribution to leadership in Ethiopian higher education
Authors: Adamu Abebaw Yirga
Published: September 2023

Women are underrepresented in senior leadership positions across global higher education and there are different reasons for this. This study examines barriers to women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, with particular attention to the role of national and institutional policies and practices. The study used a phenomenological research design to better understand barriers to women’s leadership development in higher education from the views and experiences of women leaders. Data were generated from 12 women vice presidents and official documents. The participants were drawn from each type and generation of universities that exist in Ethiopian higher education. The findings reveal that although there is an improvement in women’s leadership development in Ethiopian higher education, many glass ceilings remain unbroken. The result also reveals that institutional barriers are considered the greatest, as they also exacerbate sociocultural and personal barriers to women’s leadership development. Although ethnicity is one of the major challenges facing higher education institutions (HEIs) in Ethiopia, it is not identified as a barrier to women’s leadership development. The barriers to women’s leadership are multifaced and addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach and concerted efforts from major stakeholders, especially policymakers. Unless there is a systemic response, women in higher education will continue to struggle in pursuing senior leadership positions.
The extent of adoption of off-season vegetable cultivation by tribal farmers in Koraput district of Odisha
Authors: Rout Dwity Sundar , Barla George William , Nandy Avisweta , Mahapatra Subrat Kumar
Published: September 2023

The study on the “Extent of adoption of off-season vegetable cultivation by tribal farmers in Koraput district of Odisha” was conducted using Ex-Post-Facto research design. The study was conducted in the Koraput and Semiliguda blocks of Koraput district, Odisha, with a sample size of 120. The study used an ex-post facto research approach that combined random and purposeful sampling methods. While the gram panchayats, villages, and respondents were chosen at random, the district and blocks were purposefully chosen. The responses were obtained from each individual respondent through a structured interview schedule. Regarding adoption, the majority (75%) of off-season vegetable growers had medium adoption levels. With mean scores of 2.93, 3.00, 3.00, 2.87, 2.75, and 1.25 in regards to production, management, conservation, marketing, training, and capacity building, as well as supporting data, farmers have more adoption of land suitability, crop rotation, across-slope ploughing, input availability, discussion meetings, and crop insurance, respectively. To augment off-season vegetable production in the state in general and Koraput in particular, the latest proven and viable technology for off-season vegetable production needs to be diffused through various extension activities to accelerate its adoption. Again, the new, tried-and-true vegetable-growing techniques should be disseminated through several extension programmes to speed their adoption.
Motivation profiles of Chinese rural foreign language learners: link with learning strategy and achievement
Authors: Ma Lihong , Li Banban , Jiao Yuhong , Liu Jian
Published: September 2023

With latent profile analysis (LPA), this study identified motivation profiles of rural English learners in China based on expectancy-value theory (EVT). The construct validity of the extracted latent profiles was verified by their association with learning strategy use and English achievement. A total of 2,433 Chinese rural students completed English achievement test and online questionnaire measuring self-efficacy, intrinsic value, utility value, English learning strategy, and demographic information. The LPA results demonstrated that a model with four latent profiles adequately represented the data, naming rural English learners with “high expectancy and high value”, “low expectancy and medium value”, “medium expectancy and low value”, and “low expectancy and low value”, respectively. Four subgroups showed significant differences in strategy use and English achievement. Rural learners with “high expectancy and high value” used the most cognitive and metacognitive strategies, and scored highest in English test, followed by those with “low expectancy and medium value”, “medium expectancy and low value”, and “low expectancy and low value”. This study is consistent with the situated nature of motivation and provides new insights into English instruction in rural areas.
“I never make a permanent decision based on a temporary emotion”: unveiling EFL teachers’ perspectives about emotions in assessment
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Wang Yongliang , Ghiasvand Farhad
Published: September 2023

Teachers’ emotions have been approved to play a pivotal role in higher education. However, the interface of university teachers’ emotions and assessment practices has been widely ignored in second/foreign language contexts. To fill this lacuna, this study examined the perceptions of 35 Iranian EFL university teachers regarding the types, triggers, and regulation strategies of assessment-related emotions through a semi-structured interview. After a thematic analysis of the data by MAXQDA software, it was found that Iranian university teachers have experienced both negative and positive emotions during their assessment practices. Such emotions were mainly triggered by teachers’ assessment methods/practices, teaching context, and the assessment culture of the department. Furthermore, the results indicated that the participants employed several preventive and responsive strategies to regulate negative and positive feelings during the L2 assessment. Practical implications are discussed regarding the necessity of training university teachers on the interplay of emotions and L2 assessment.
Numerical study on crushing damage and energy absorption of multi-cell glass fibre-reinforced composite panel: Application to the crash absorber design of tsunami lifeboat
Authors: Zakki Ahmad Fauzan , Windyandari Aulia
Published: September 2023

During an evacuation, the tsunami lifeboat should be able to withstand the possible external loads that might be occurred, such as collisions, violent crashes, and capsizing events. Special structural reinforcement and improvement, such as a crash absorber, are attached to prevent damage due to the impact load. Therefore, this article focuses on the crushing behaviour of the tsunami lifeboat crash absorber made of the multi-cell glass fibre-reinforced composite panel. The effect of the cross-section geometry design of the cell on the damage mechanism and energy absorption behaviour was investigated. The explicit dynamic finite element method was used to identify the multi-cell configuration’s crashworthiness performance. Experimental studies such as tensile and three-point bending tests were conducted to define the material properties and validation of the FE model. The simulation results showed that the explicit dynamic finite element method has effectively estimated the crash absorber crushing damage. The circular cross-section has shown the most significant crash absorption capability compared to the others, namely the honeycomb, the square, and the triangular cell. Furthermore, the 4CSM laminate type has revealed a lower energy absorption than the 4WRC45 and 4WRC laminates. Otherwise, the study exhibits that the cross-sectional geometry and the laminate type significantly influence the crash absorber performance for improving the tsunami lifeboat crashworthiness.
Supine counterstrain technique for rhomboid tender point
Authors: Matz Olivia C. , Gustafson Hannah C. , Hartwell Lauren E. , Rudberg-Post Laura J. , Woolley Adrian L.
Published: September 2023

Because poor posture is a common instigating factor in back, shoulder, and neck pain, the rhomboid muscles should be considered in a complete physical evaluation. Previous techniques for treating a rhomboid tender point have addressed only one of the two main actions of the muscle, specifically retraction of the scapula utilizing shoulder abduction. This modified supine counterstrain technique for the rhomboid tender point incorporates both scapular retraction as well as superior, medial rotation of the inferior border of the scapula without abduction, providing a comprehensive treatment to accommodate patients with shoulder movement restrictions. This article discusses indications, contraindications, treatment, and a list of problem-solving strategies for the rhomboid tender point.
Twofold optical display and encryption of binary and grayscale images with a wavelength-multiplexed metasurface
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Cheng Jiaqi , Yue Wenjing , Li Zhancheng , Choi Duk-Yong , Li Yang , Li Hongliang , Lee Sang-Shin , Chen Shuqi , Gao Song
Published: September 2023

The remarkable capability in regulating light polarization or amplitude at the nanoscale makes metasurface a leading candidate in high-resolution image display and optical encryption. Diverse binary or grayscale meta-images were previously shown concealed in a single metasurface, yet they are mostly stored at same encryption level and share an identical decryption key, running the risk of exposing all images once the key is disclosed. Here, we propose a twofold optical display and encryption scheme demonstrating that binary and grayscale meta-images can be concurrently embedded in a nonspatially multiplexed silicon metasurface, and their decryptions demand for drastically different keys. Unlike previous metasurfaces relying on isolated transmission or phase manipulations upon orthogonal linear polarization incidences, this is made possible by exploiting silicon meta-atoms featuring joint transmission amplitude and polarization control at two wavelengths. In detail, the selected two meta-atoms exhibit large polarization-independent transmission difference (∼85 %) at a wavelength of 800 nm, while functioning as the nano-quarter-wave plate at wavelength of 1200 nm. Through elaborate design in simulation, a binary image can be witnessed when the metasurface is merely illuminated by an unpolarized light of wavelength 800 nm or under white light illumination. However, a distinct binary or grayscale image will come into view by inspecting the metasurface with an analyzer and when the incident light is circularly polarized at the wavelength of 1200 nm. Two metasurface samples are fabricated and successfully verified the claims experimentally. The proposed approach is expected to bring new insights to the field of optical display and encryption.
Design and combustion characteristics analysis of a static shaft turbofan engine
Authors: Ma Rong , Jin Herong , Yi Yali , Yang Jingsheng , Fan Xueling
Published: September 2023

A design scheme of a static shaft turbofan engine is proposed to meet the requirements of light weight and large thrust weight ratio of small aeroengine. As the core component of stable combustion, the thermal protection problem of the mid-mounted combustion chamber is particularly prominent. This paper designs a mid-mounted combustion chamber configuration that combines gas film cooling and central combustion. The influence of structural parameters on combustion characteristics is explored by numerical simulation, and the theoretical design and numerical simulation is verified based on combustion test results. The results show that the flame shape of the mid-mounted combustion chamber conforms to the characteristics of central combustion. The combustion effect of the nozzle with spray angle of 45° and flow rate of 1.87 kg/h meets the requirements of secondary combustion of the static shaft turbofan engine, and the air inlet of the combustion liner effectively increases the thickness of the cooling gas film. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results, and the temperature of the combustion liner wall can be reduced effectively. The above research provides a theoretical basis for the combustion chamber design of small static shaft turbofan engines and a reference for the thermal protection methods of small aeroengine combustion chambers.
Very High Cycle Fatigue Properties and Damage Evolution in Al-Si Cast Alloys
Authors: Tenkamp Jochen , Chrzan Karin , Walther Frank
Published: September 2023

The steady progress in electro mobility increases the demand for lightweight space frame and engine solutions. Advanced aluminum-silicon cast alloys with additions of magnesium, copper, or both for precipitation hardening are promising candidates for lightweight structures because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. For a reliable design, the fatigue performance in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime must be understood. Therefore, this study deals with the influence of frequency on VHCF properties as well as fatigue damage evolution in AlSi7Mg and AlSi10Mg sand-cast alloys. The VHCF tests were performed using a resonant (70 Hz), a high-frequency resonant (1 kHz), and an ultrasonic (20 kHz) fatigue testing system. Thereby, a significant frequency effect could be determined that resulted in an increased fatigue lifetime by 1 decade at 1 kHz and by 2 decades at 20 kHz, whereas no significant change in fatigue limit could be determined. Moreover, the fatigue crack initiation mechanisms change from surface crack initiation at 70 Hz and 1 kHz to volume crack initiation at 20 kHz. Using the defect-based Murakami approach, including a lightweight extension of Noguchi, a defect-induced (size, location) frequency effect could be excluded. Based on damage monitoring, the effect could be related to the crack propagation phase, which is accelerated at low frequencies (<100 Hz) because of a humidity reaction with the fatigue crack surface and the formation of atomic hydrogen resulting in a saturated hydrogen embrittlement per cycle. At high frequencies of 1 kHz and 20 kHz, no saturated hydrogen embrittlement per cycle can be reached.