bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In concern of the identity of the theory of education. Continuity and change in the multi-paradigmatic pedagogical research space.
Authors: Wróbel Alina
Published: April 2021

The presented paper concerns the identity of the modern theory of education as the fundamental discipline of pedagogical (educational) sciences. The considerations refer to the theoretical development and research orientations used in the modern theory of education. In this context, the special focus was given to the importance of such analytical categories as theory, model, concept, and the theory-practice relationship of education.
Cultural pedagogy and it’s development on the threshold of 3rd decade of 21st century
Authors: Gajda Janusz
Published: April 2021

This paper - as stated in the title - covers theory, research and practice of cultural pedagogy in Poland, especially at the beginning of 3rd decade of 21st century. It consists of 2 parts concerning the following issues:
History until the end of 20th century
Tradition, origin, subject and philosophical assumptions
Cultural pedagogy in the interwar period in Poland
Cultural pedagogy as a humanistic pedagogy after 2nd World War
2. Return of cultural pedagogy after 1995 and it’s further development
Cultural pedagogy, it’s humanistic-anthropological character
Important publications and academic centers which popularize cultural pedagogy
Summary
Connecting theory and practice is a requirement for effective education and development of humanistic-anthropological cultural pedagogy which is open to „real world” and „symbolic world”. The last statement, justified in the Summary, is the main thesis of this paper.
History of the educational system for people with disabilities in Japan
Authors: Grzesiak Hanna
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to analyze the history of the educational system for people with disabilities in Japan, which has changed enormously over the centuries. At first, it was the responsibility of the family to care for a child with a disability, who was often stigmatized and deprived of any form of education, as was the family itself, which was often stigmatized for the mere fact of having a child with special needs. The situation changed only at the end of the 19th century due to establishing foreign contacts with other countries. It was thanks to them that Japan started implementing education for children with disabilities. At first special schools for blind and deaf children were established. At the very end, children with intellectual disabilities were included in special education. Starting from 2006, mainly thanks to education reform, children with disabilities are to integrated with peers and placed in mainstream schools. Statistical data, government documents, legislative documents and school curricula will be used in this article.
Inobhutnahme minderjähriger Flüchtlinge bei Kontakterhalt mit den Eltern
Authors: Vitr Anika
Published: April 2021

This work deals with the legal problems of custody procedures. In particular, methods of age determination and alternatives to the appointment of guardians for cases in which unaccompanied minor refugees have good contact with their parents abroad are presented. Alternatives discussed include supplementary guardianship and power of attorney for custody. These alternatives must be examined because a suspension of parental custody must be established for a guardianship to be ordered, and this represents a strong encroachment on the parents’ rights.
The Effect of Training Health Care Providers Using Gamification Method on Social Skills of Preschool Children
Authors: Ranjbar Kouchaksaraei Sajjad , Keshtkaran Zahra , Karimian Zahra
Published: April 2021

Background: Preschool is one of the most important ages in learning and developing social skills in children. One of the most important issues in the education of healthcare providers is to improve their knowledge about children's social skills because healthcare providers, as an important part of a health team, are at the forefront of communication with families. Objectives: This study was done to investigate the effect of education to health care providers with the gamification method on the social skills of preschool children. Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 71 female healthcare providers working in selected collective health centers in Shiraz, Iran, were included in the study. The educational content of this study was an educational software as question games based on gamification, which was provided to healthcare providers. Data collection tools were two questionnaires, including a demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on social skills in preschool children. To analyze data, the effectiveness of the intervention was measured using Wilks' lambda multivariate test. The relationship between knowledge score and participants' demographic variables was assessed by the linear regression analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: There was an increase in the knowledge of healthcare providers at three-time points, including before, immediately after, and one month after the educational intervention. Significant relationships were also observed between mean knowledge scores of the participants in all components of the questionnaire before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention (P < 0.001), with significant increases in mean post-intervention scores. The knowledge scores at three-time points, before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention, had significant associations with the educational level of participants (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increasing the awareness of health care providers through the gamification method showed that this method has an important role in implementing social skills training for children.
Bilateral Huge Perirenal Angiomyolipoma: Conservative Management of a Time Bomb
Authors: Lashay Alireza
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Bilateral huge perirenal Angiomyolipoma is a very rare entity and has not been reported in the literature to date. The choice of appropriate management for such a rare disease may be a dilemma because each strategy can harbor its own advantages and hazards. Case Presentation: We present our experience with such a patient over seven years of follow-up. Performing surgery in this patient might have ended up in unilateral or bilateral kidney loss, and he refused the surgery and underwent watchful waiting. Conclusions: Like conservative management that was successful for more than seven years. In this case, other treatment options such as angioembolization and surgical resection are vital options with their own risks and benefits.
Physical Activity and Mental Health among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Liu Jianxiu , Ji Mengmeng , Clarke Caitlin Vitosky , Liu Ruidong , Ma Xindong , An Ruopeng
Published: April 2021

Objectives: We assessed the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health among Chinese adolescents. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 4 Chinese cities – Beijing, Shanghai, Nanchang, and Urumchi. We randomly selected 25 schools from
these cities in both urban and suburban areas. A total of 9269 adolescents completed the survey. We conducted multilevel logistic regressions to examine the relationship between PA engagement and mental health, adjusting for various sample characteristics. Results: Compared to those
with low levels of daily PA, adolescents with moderate and high levels of daily PA had lower odds of having learning anxiety (23% for moderate and 37% for high), solitude tendency (52% for moderate and 41% for high), self-accusation (13% for moderate and 15% for high), experiencing sensitivity
(15% for moderate and 13% for high), physical symptoms (20% for moderate and 21% for high), and a general mental health problem (total score of all the domains: 41% and 34%). Conclusions: An increase in PA participation holds the potential to improve multiple mental health domains among
Chinese adolescents. Future longitudinal or experimental research is warranted to confirm findings from this study.
Food Insecurity and Prediabetes among Adolescents Taking a School-based Survey
Authors: Duke Naomi N.
Published: April 2021

Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) is a correlate of poor health throughout the life course. This study examines relationships between FI and reported prediabetes among middle-high school students taking a school-based survey. Methods: Data are from the 2019 Minnesota Student
Survey (N = 125,375). Logistic regression was used to examine relationships between youth past month FI and reported prediabetes in analyses adjusting for demographics, low quality dietary intake (fast food and sugar sweetened beverage), and cardiometabolic indicators (physical activity, sleep
duration, body mass index). Analyses were stratified by youth race-ethnic identification. Results: Almost one in 20 youth reported past month FI. In fully adjusted models, the associations between youth FI and prediabetes differed by race-ethnic identification, and were robust to sociodemographic,
diet, and cardiometabolic correlates for some groups (eg, NH black, African, African-American students [AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.12-3.14]; Hispanic, Latino/a students [AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.14-2.97]; and NH white students [AOR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.14-3.73]). Conclusions: FI was associated with
race-ethnic disparities in youth prediabetes. Tailored approaches to address food quality, access and other social drivers may reduce youth risk of prediabetes.
Relación entre rendimiento académico y desarrollo de Estrategias de autorregulación en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Sáiz Manzanares María Consuelo , Valdivieso-León Lorena
Published: April 2021

En este estudio se analiza la relación entre la auto-percepción que los estudiantes tienen de su conocimiento declarativo y procedimental con el rendimiento académico. Participaron 116 estudiantes universitarios de primero y segundo curso de grado en dos estudios, uno cuasi-experimental (antes-después sin grupo control) donde la variable independiente fue la “enseñanza basada en estrategias de autorregulación” y la variable dependiente “sus respuestas en las escalas de metacognición y apoyo al procesamiento” de las ACRA (r)(Escalas de estrategias de aprendizaje). Y otro descriptivo-correlacional que analizaba la relación entre estrategias metacognitivas y de apoyo al procesamiento y las respuestas de aprendizaje. Los resultados indican diferencias en la auto-percepción que tienen los estudiantes acerca de la adquisición de competencias declarativas y procedimentales después del entrenamiento en autorregulación. La mayor efectividad se observa en el primer curso. Lo que aconseja una metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje universitaria basada en estrategias de autorregulación.

We study the relationship between student´s self-perceptions of their declarative and procedural knowledge and their academic performance. 116 university students, in their first and second year of their degree courses participated in two studies. One was quasi-experimental (before-after-no control group), in which the independent variable was “learning based on self-regulation strategies” and the dependent variable was “their responses to scales on metacognition and information processing skills) taken from ACRA (learning strategies scales). A second descriptive-correlational test analyzed the triadic relation between metacognitive strategies, information processing skills and learning outcomes. The results point out to differences in student self-perceptions regarding the acquisition of declarative procedural competencies after self-regulation training. The greatest effectiveness was observed in the first year, lending support to university learning-teaching methodology based on self-regulation strategies.
Actitudes hacia la inclusión educativa de alumnos con discapacidad: variables relativas al profesorado y a la organización escolar en Educación Primaria
Authors: Sisto Maria , Pérez-Fuentes María del Carmen , Gázquez-Linares José Jesús , Molero-Jurado María del Mar
Published: April 2021

La falta de colaboración entre profesionales de la educación influye en el desarrollo de actitudes, especialmente negativas, que se convierten en las barreras que mayormente inciden en el proceso de inclusión educativa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la frecuencia y el tipo de discapacidad diagnosticada en los alumnos incluidos en doce centros de educación primaria, tanto públicos como concertados, y la relación entre actitudes inclusivas y variables sociodemográficas de 102 profesores (Medad=43,49; DT=10,6). Se empleó una adaptación de la escala «Opinions Relative to Integration of Students with Disabilities» (Antonak y Larrive, 1995) a partir de algunas traducciones al castellano (García y Alonso, 1985; Mula et al., 2002; Sales, Moliner, y Sanchiz, 2001; Tárraga, Grau, y Peirat, 2013). Los resultados destacan actitudes negativas en el profesorado cuando la responsabilidad de la elaboración, puesta en práctica y seguimiento de las adaptaciones curriculares no está compartida entre diferentes profesionales. Se plantea la importancia de encargarse a nivel administrativo de la formación activa de los profesionales educativos, independientemente de sus especialidades, para que trabajen de forma colaborativa proporcionando medidas educativas adecuadas para todo el alumnado.

The lack of collaboration between education professionals influences the development of negative attitudes, which become the barriers that mostly condition the process of educational inclusion. The objectives of this article are to analyze to the frequency and type of disability diagnosed in students included in twelve primary education centers, both public and private, and the relationship between inclusive attitudes and sociodemographic variables of 102 teachers (M=43.49; SD=10.6). An adaptation of the “Opinions Relative to Integration of Students with Disabilities” scale (Antonak and Larrive, 1995) was used, based on some Spanish translations (García and Alonso, 1985; Mula et al., 2002; Sales, Moliner, and Sanchiz, 2001; Tárraga, Grau, and Peirat, 2013). The results highlight negative attitudes in teachers when the responsibility for the development, implementation and monitoring of curricular adaptations is not shared between different professionals. The importance of taking care of the active training of educational professionals, regardless of their specialties, in collaboratively providing appropriate educational measures for all students is raised.
Influencia de la orientación del espacio sobre el esfuerzo percibido en Educación Física: Juegos motores de cooperación-oposición
Authors: Caballero García María Fuensanta , Alavés González Verónica , Soler Mesa Lorena
Published: April 2021

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS, 2010) establece una práctica física mínima de 60 minutos diarios en rango de intensidad moderada a vigorosa. Los participantes fueron 28 estudiantes de 6º de Educación Primaria. Se desarrollaron tres juegos motores de cooperación-oposición, variando la orientación del espacio. Los objetivos fueron conocer la adecuación del esfuerzo percibido en los tres juegos, relacionados con la intensidad, para lograr beneficios para la salud y comparar el esfuerzo percibido dependiendo de las diferentes orientaciones espaciales. Tras cada juego, se distribuyó la escala de esfuerzo percibido (PCERT). Los resultados muestran que el alumnado no alcanza una intensidad suficiente en los juegos para obtener beneficios para la salud. Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para el esfuerzo percibido dependiendo de la orientación del espacio, siendo el juego con mayores valores el de espacio orientado con porterías pequeñas y el juego con menos valores el juego sin espacio orientado.

The World Health Organization (WHO, 2010) stablishes a minimum physical practice of 60 minutes per day in a range of moderate to vigorous intensity. Participantes were 28 students of 6th Primary Education. Three cooperation-opposition motor games were developed, varying the space orientation. The objectives were to know the adequacy of perceived effort in the three games, in relation to intensity, to achieve health benefits and compare the perceived effort based on the different space orientations. After the completion of each game, the Pictorical Children's Effort Rating Table (PCERT) were distribuited. Results show students do not reach a sufficient intensity in motor games to obtain health benefits, as well as statistically significant differences for the perceived exertion depending on the space orientation, being the game with higher levels the one that presents oriented space with small goals and the game with lower levels is the non-oriented space game.
Responsabilidad personal docente y motivación escolar
Authors: Cáceres Consuelo , Muñoz Carla , Valenzuela Jorge
Published: April 2021

El artículo tiene como propósito analizar las representaciones acerca de la responsabilidad personal docente en la motivación escolar. Participaron del estudio profesores en formación y en ejercicio de Educación primaria  (n=773) de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. A partir de un análisis de cluster se identificaron cuatro perfiles distintos, en donde esta responsabilidad se asume como propia o compartida y donde la motivación escolar es representada como algo continuo o como un momento acotado de la clase. Los resultados muestran que habría un desplazamiento de la responsabilidad docente hacia la familia, en torno a la motivación escolar, cuando se ejerce efectivamente la profesión. Además, los profesores en ejercicio tenderían concebir la motivación escolar como un momento acotado y de responsabilidad compartida; mientras que los futuros profesores participan significativamente más del perfil en donde la motivación es un proceso continuo y de responsabilidad del docente. Dado que el profesor es el agente que con mejores herramientas debería ser capaz de dar sentido y motivar el aprendizaje escolar, urge generar estrategias para que esta responsabilidad sea asumida de manera contundente por el propio profesor y como un proceso, más allá de un momento específico de la clase.

This article analyzes self-reports of teacher perceptions regarding personal responsibility in school motivation. Participants were teachers-in-training and those currently working in Primary Education (n=773) in the Araucanía Region, Chile. Four different profiles were identified from cluster analysis, where responsibility was seen as personal, or shared; and where school motivation was represented as continuous, or discrete. Results show that respondents tend to place responsibility for school motivation within the family for the most effective exercise of the profession. For practicing teachers, school motivation tended to be conceived of as discrete moments, of shared responsibility; while future teachers were significantly more likely to see motivation as a continuous process, of personal (teacher) responsibility. Given that teachers have the educational tools and opportunity to most effectively motivate school learning, it is urgent to generate strategies where responsibility is robustly assumed by teachers themselves; and as a continuous process beyond a specific moment in the classroom.
Desarrollo de un videojuego y su tablero de baile, para el aprendizaje de matemáticas básicas
Authors: Martínez Oviedo Ismael , Toledo Toledo Guadalupe , Martínez Mendoza Eduardo
Published: April 2021

El uso aplicaciones de dispositivos móviles como alternativa para el aprendizaje de matemáticas se ha incrementado en los niños; aunque su uso ha influido en el incremento del sedentarismo infantil. Se atiende la contradicción: uso de la tecnología sin sedentarismo a través de un videojuego y su tablero de baile. Su uso requiere que el usuario realice actividad física, evitando así, el sedentarismo.

Se identificó la oportunidad de desarrollo por medio de la TRIZ. El videojuego se programó en el software Unity 3D™. El dispositivo se ha creado con tecnologías de libre acceso y materiales de bajo costo. Antes de seleccionar la última configuración, se probaron tres diseños diferentes. El videojuego está diseñado con niveles de dificultad acordes a los conocimientos del usuario. También posee herramientas que permiten conocer el desempeño de cada estudiante y la gestión de diferentes grupos.

The use of apps in portable electronic devices has increased as important tool for mathematics teaching children.  Although, at the same time, children’s physical inactivity has increased. This contradiction is reversed through a basic mathematics videogame and its dancing board. To use it, the user has to do physical activity.

This opportunity was identified by TRIZ Theory.  The videogame was programmed in Unity 3D™ software (free version). The device was made with free access technology and low costs materials. Before to define the best design, it was tested three different patterns. The videogame contains different difficulty levels according the user knowledge. It also has tools to identify every user performance and help to manage different class groups.
Las nuevas tecnologías como estrategias innovadoras de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la era digital
Authors: Flores Tena Maria , Ortega Navas Mª Carmen , Sánchez Fuster Mª Carmen
Published: April 2021

En el presente artículo nos preguntamos cuál es el papel de las nuevas tecnologías en las aulas y, más en concreto, en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los futuros profesores. Además, nos planteamos si la enseñanza a distancia es adecuada para el buen desarrollo de dicho proceso, así como si para el desarrollo del conocimiento del estudiante y las nuevas tecnologías como herramienta docente son adecuadas al paradigma educativo actual, como estrategia de innovación educativa. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de carácter cuantitativo, aplicando a los participantes, profesores de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Autonóma de Madrid que imparten su docencia en el Máster de Formación de Profesorado durante el curso 2018. Se trata de un cuestionario estructurado creado ad hoc. Las respuestas al cuestionario nos ha aportado datos sobre las necesidades e inquetudes que tiene el profesorado que forma a futuros profesorado de Educación Secundaria, respecto al uso de herramientas tecnológicas en el aula y su implicación como estrategia innovadora en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El análisis de los resultados ha permitido comprobar que las las nuevas tecnologías constituyen un gran reto en las aulas en nuestros días, introduciendo nuevas metodologías de enseñanza que se pueden compaginar con la enseñanza tradicional.

New technologies are present in our daily lives and education is not exempt from them. In this article we ask ourselves what their role is in the classrooms and, more specifically, in the teaching-learning process. In addition, we ask whether distance education is adequate for the proper development of said process and for the development of student knowledge; as well as if new technologies as a teaching tool are appropriate to the educational paradigm. The global teaching-learning process is limited to the precise moment in which there is an effective transmission of information that originates from a sender (teachers) and reaches a receiver (students). The characteristic communicative act of the teaching-learning pedagogical process allows us to question ourselves about the suitability, the didactic adequacy and the impact of the use of new communication and information technologies in the classroom at the individual and social level. Besides, the strengths and weaknesses of learning about the use of new technologies in the classroom are analyzed.
La importancia de la actitud del docente universitario: validación de una escala para su consideración.
Authors: Hernández Ramos Juan Pablo , Martínez Abad Fernando
Published: April 2021

El estudio de la calidad y la mejora de la docencia universitaria se basa en la mayoría de las ocasiones en la formación del docente, dejando a un lado otros factores transcendentales como puede ser la actitud. Considerada como el comportamiento del docente en base a sus conocimientos y experiencias, este trabajo presenta la validación de una escala de actitud hacia la docencia en base a 3 dimensiones: personal, docente y profesional. Tras una validación de contenido por jueces, se aplica la escala a una muestra, representativa por rama de conocimiento y categoría profesional, de 161 profesores universitarios de la Universidad de Salamanca. El análisis psicométrico de la escala, formada por 13 ítems tipo Likert con cinco opciones de respuesta, muestra correlaciones ítem total medias-bajas, un índice de fiabilidad aceptable (α de Cronbach=.75) y una estructura factorial clara y consistente donde se confirma la existencia de los tres factores. Así mismo, se destaca la mayor distinción de las dimensiones docente (.854) y profesional (.885), frente a la investigadora (.553). Se concluye incidiendo en la importancia de considerar las actitudes del profesorado como indicador relevante de estudio en la enseñanza superior, empleando escalas válidas y fiables como la que se ofrece en este artículo. Como líneas de investigación futuras, queda abierta la puerta a una nueva validación del instrumento en nuevos contextos de enseñanza universitaria.

The study of the quality and improvement of university teaching is mostly based on teacher training, leaving aside other transcendental factors such as attitude. Considered as the behavior of the teacher based on their knowledge and experiences, this work shows the validation of a scale of attitude towards teaching based on 3 dimensions: personal, teaching and research. After content validation by judges, the scale is applied to a representative sample, by branch of knowledge and professional category, of 161 university teachers at the University of Salamanca. The psychometric analysis of the scale, made up of 13 Likert type items with five answer possibilities, shows correlations between average and low total items, an acceptable reliability index (α de Cronbach=.75) and a clear and consistent factor structure where the existence of the three factors is confirmed. In addition, there is a greater distinction between the teaching (.854) and professional (.885) dimensions, as opposed to the researcher (.553). It concludes by stressing the importance of considering the attitudes of teachers as a relevant indicator of study in higher education, using valid and reliable scales such as that offered in this article. As future lines of research, the door remains open to a new validation of the instrument in new contexts of higher education.
Evidencia del desarrollo del pensamiento de orden superior en profesores universitarios, a partir de pruebas formuladas según la taxonomía SOLO
Authors: Flórez Gutiérrez Alfredo , Ome Moreno Paola Andrea , Castellanos Adame Mariel Evelyng
Published: April 2021

La propuesta investigativa buscó evidenciar la presencia de pensamiento de orden superior (POS), en docentes universitarios a partir de la aplicación de un instrumento de diagnóstico enfocado en las competencias y estructurado mediante la taxonomía SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcome) y la teoría  de respuesta al ítem (TRI), propuesta en el modelo Rasch. El instrumento fue elaborado por docentes de la Corporación Universitaria del Caribe (CECAR), en el marco de un proceso de fortalecimiento de la calidad educativa denominada “Enseñar a Pensar”. Los resultados demuestran la efectividad del instrumento para determinar la relación directa entre la habilidad de respuesta frente al ítem, la identificación de niveles de formación según la taxonomía SOLO y la presencia de POS. Sin embargo, el diagnóstico no fue muy satisfactorio, ya que solo el 4.3% y el 6.6% de la población docente respondió las preguntas del nivel abstracto ampliado, sobre las competencias de lectura crítica y razonamiento cuantitativo

This paper aims to show the presence of higher order thinking, in university teachers through the application of a diagnostic instrument focus on competencies and structured by using the SOLO taxonomy (Structure of Observed Learning Outcome)  and the item response theory (IRT), proposed in the Rasch model. The instrument was developed by teachers from CECAR, within the framework of a process of strengthening educational quality called “Teaching to Think”. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the instrument to determine a direct relationship between the response ability against the item, the identification of training levels according to SOLO taxonomy and the presence of higher order thinking. However, the diagnosis was not very satisfactory,  due to only 4.3% y el 6.6% of the teachers answered the questions of the extended abstract level, about the critical reading skills and quantitative reasoning respectively.
Análisis a través de modelaje estructural de la relación entre prácticas docentes, pluriculturalidad e inclusión educativa
Authors: De Barros Camargo Claudia , Hernández Fernández Antonio , Ortiz Cobo Mónica
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las prácticas docentes desde el enfoque de la pluriculturalidad y la inclusión educativa. El diseño de investigación es no experimental, explicativo y correlacional. Se ha utilizado una escala Likert validada en constructo y contenido. La muestra es de 1575 participantes (estudiantes universitarios y docentes). Fue realizado un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio para validar la construcción de la escala y una correlación P (Pearson). El modelaje a través de ecuaciones estructurales nos permite algunas conclusiones, entre ellas que las prácticas del profesorado deben tener carácter pluricultural e inclusivo, siendo dos aspectos que influyen en las prácticas, sin que sea relevante su vinculación.

This article aims to analyze the relationship between teaching practices from the perspective of multiculturalism and educational inclusion. The research design is non-experimental, explanatory and correlational. A Likert scale validated in construct and content has been used. The sample is 1575 participants (university students and teachers). An Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed to validate the construction of the scale and a P (Pearson) correlation. The modeling through structural equations allows us some conclusions, among them that the practices of the teaching staff should have a pluricultural and inclusive character, being two aspects that influence the practices, without their linkage being relevant.
Estudio acerca de las opiniones del profesorado universitario en la Región de Murcia sobre la formación de métodos activos
Authors: Jiménez Hernández David , Sancho Requena Patricia , Sánchez Fuentes Sergio
Published: April 2021

La formación del profesorado universitario supone el principal vehículo de cambio y mejora educativa en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Sin embargo, existen una serie de factores que pueden impedir su formación y, por tanto, su repercusión en los estudiantes y en la sociedad. En este sentido, este trabajo describe las posibles dificultades que pueden surgir respecto de variables tales como: los años de experiencia docente, edad, género, área del conocimiento en la que imparten docencia, figura profesional o formación universitaria recibida. Para ello, se desarrolló un cuestionario ad hoc que fue aplicado a 501 docentes universitarios. Los resultados mostraron que la falta de tiempo y de ofertas formativas cercanas suponen los principales impedimentos para una mejor formación. No obstante, llevar poco tiempo como docente o preferir otro tipo de formación, mostraron también significatividad dentro de las variables estudiadas. De esta manera, los autores de este trabajo concluyen que se deberían ampliar los incentivos para que los docentes estén motivados con el fin de mejorar su calidad docente a través de nuevas metodologías activas, además de establecer planes sólidos en la oferta de formación académica de las universidades.

The training of university professors is the principal way to change and to improve the education in the framework of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). However, there are several factors that can impede their training and, therefore, their impact on students and society. In this sense, this paper describes that possible difficulties may arise regarding variables such as: years of teaching experience, age, gender, area of knowledge in which they teach, professional figure or university training received. For this, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed that was applied to 501 university professors. The results showed how the lack of time and nearby training offers are the main impediments to better training. Despite having been a teacher for a short time or preferring another type of training, they also showed significance within the variables studied. In this way, the authors of this work conclude that incentives should be expanded so that teachers are motivated in order to improve their teaching quality through new active methodologies, in addition to establishing solid plans in the offer of academic training of the universities.
La perpétuelle inauthenticité. Problématiser la quête d’authenticité chez les personnes ayant des problèmes de santé mentale « sévères et persistants »
Authors: Roy Mélissa
Published: April 2021

Cette étude explore, à partir d’un cadre théorique foucaldien, le rapport à l’authenticité chez les individus ayant des problèmes de santé mentale « sévères et persistants », via l’analyse des actes de vérité qu’ils émettent sur leurs expériences d’autogestion. Les résultats indiquent que l’authenticité est conçue comme l’amas de six marqueurs ontologiques, dont la plupart sont perçus comme inatteignables. Nous postulons que cet écart à l’authenticité résulte 1) de l’hypernormalité de l’authenticité; et 2) de conflits entre les marqueurs d’authenticité. L’inauthenticité est réfléchie comme caractéristique potentielle de la folie contemporaine et des pistes de réflexion pour l’intervention sociale sont proposées.
Mujeres en la industria del videojuego: un tema aún pendiente
Authors: Contreras Espinosa Ruth S.
Published: April 2021

¿Por qué tan pocas mujeres trabajan en la industria del videojuego? Todo apunta a causas históricas, relacionadas con los estereotipos y las diferentes actitudes y comportamientos entre hombres y las mujeres o quizás a la inestabilidad y vulnerabilidad a la que están expuestas las mujeres en la industria. El cambio es lento y desigual, pero parece que se va avanzando para demostrar que la industria puede cambiar.
The Next 500 Years
Authors: Mason Christopher E.
Published: April 2021

An argument that we have a moral duty to explore other planets and solar systems—because human life on Earth has an expiration date.

Inevitably, life on Earth will come to an end, whether by climate disaster, cataclysmic war, or the death of the sun in a few billion years. To avoid extinction, we will have to find a new home planet, perhaps even a new solar system, to inhabit. In this provocative and fascinating book, Christopher Mason argues that we have a moral duty to do just that. As the only species aware that life on Earth has an expiration date, we have a responsibility to act as the shepherd of life-forms—not only for our species but for all species on which we depend and for those still to come (by accidental or designed evolution). Mason argues that the same capacity for ingenuity that has enabled us to build rockets and land on other planets can be applied to redesigning biology so that we can sustainably inhabit those planets. And he lays out a 500-year plan for undertaking the massively ambitious project of reengineering human genetics for life on other worlds.

As they are today, our frail human bodies could never survive travel to another habitable planet. Mason describes the toll that long-term space travel took on astronaut Scott Kelly, who returned from a year on the International Space Station with changes to his blood, bones, and genes. Mason proposes a ten-phase, 500-year program that would engineer the genome so that humans can tolerate the extreme environments of outer space—with the ultimate goal of achieving human settlement of new solar systems. He lays out a roadmap of which solar systems to visit first, and merges biotechnology, philosophy, and genetics to offer an unparalleled vision of the universe to come.
Utility metric for unsupervised feature selection
Authors: Villa Amalia , Mundanad Narayanan Abhijith , Van Huffel Sabine , Bertrand Alexander , Varon Carolina
Published: April 2021

Feature selection techniques are very useful approaches for dimensionality reduction in data analysis. They provide interpretable results by reducing the dimensions of the data to a subset of the original set of features. When the data lack annotations, unsupervised feature selectors are required for their analysis. Several algorithms for this aim exist in the literature, but despite their large applicability, they can be very inaccessible or cumbersome to use, mainly due to the need for tuning non-intuitive parameters and the high computational demands. In this work, a publicly available ready-to-use unsupervised feature selector is proposed, with comparable results to the state-of-the-art at a much lower computational cost. The suggested approach belongs to the methods known as spectral feature selectors. These methods generally consist of two stages: manifold learning and subset selection. In the first stage, the underlying structures in the high-dimensional data are extracted, while in the second stage a subset of the features is selected to replicate these structures. This paper suggests two contributions to this field, related to each of the stages involved. In the manifold learning stage, the effect of non-linearities in the data is explored, making use of a radial basis function (RBF) kernel, for which an alternative solution for the estimation of the kernel parameter is presented for cases with high-dimensional data. Additionally, the use of a backwards greedy approach based on the least-squares utility metric for the subset selection stage is proposed. The combination of these new ingredients results in the utility metric for unsupervised feature selection U2FS algorithm. The proposed U2FS algorithm succeeds in selecting the correct features in a simulation environment. In addition, the performance of the method on benchmark datasets is comparable to the state-of-the-art, while requiring less computational time. Moreover, unlike the state-of-the-art, U2FS does not require any tuning of parameters.
О ЧЕМ УМОЛЧАЛ БЕДА ДОСТОПОЧТЕННЫЙ: ХРИСТИАНИЗАЦИЯ БРИТАНИИ В «ЦЕРКОВНОЙ ИСТОРИИ НАРОДА АНГЛОВ» И АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫХ ЕЙ ИСТОЧНИКАХ, "Средние века"
Authors: Мереминский С.Г.
Published: April 2021

«Церковная история народа англов» Беды Достопочтенного традиционно служит базовым источником по истории Британии VI–VIII вв., в том числе и в изучении распространения христианства в этот период среди германоязычного населения острова – англов, саксов и ютов. Согласно Беде, ключевую роль в этом процессе играли Августин, Павлин и другие миссионеры, направленные в Британию папой Римским Григорием I Великим. Напротив, бриттские священнослужители отказывались проповедовать своим английским соседям и вступили в конфронтацию с римскими миссионерами. У Беды они предстают своего рода аналогом новозаветных иудеев, отказавшихся принять Христа. Однако анализ иных источников (включая данные археологии и ономастики) свидетельствует, что по крайней мере в некоторых регионах (Кент, Западный Мидленд) существовал континуитет церковной жизни, несмотря на изменение этнического состава населения. В случае с Нортумбрией альтернативой рассказу Беды служат валлийские сочинения «История бриттов» и «Анналы Камбрии». Согласно им, короля Эдвине крестил не римлянин Павлин, а бритт Рун, сын Уриена, короля Регеда. Участие бриттов в начальном этапе христианизации Нортумбрии подтверждает анализ фигуры диакона Иакова, который, согласно Беде, был помощником Павлина. Его имя указывает на то, что он почти наверняка был не выходцем из континентальной Европы или англичанином, а бриттом. Центром его церковного служения был Каттерик, который в валлийской поэзии был связан с фигурой короля Уриена. Таким образом, Иаков либо принадлежал к правящему дому Регеда, либо пользовался его покровительством. Молчание Беды о связях Нортумбрии и Регеда не могло быть случайным. В статье ставится вопрос об опасности, которую для современного исследователя таит недостаточно критическое восприятие образов прошлого, заимствованных даже у самых авторитетных средневековых авторов.
MORE ROMANO: ГРИГОРИАНСКАЯ РЕФОРМА И РИМСКОЕ БОГОСЛУЖЕНИЕ В XI ВЕКЕ, "Средние века"
Authors: Ткаченко А.А.
Published: April 2021

В статье рассматривается круг проблем, связанных с состоянием богослужения в Риме в XI в. Разбирается гипотеза «германизации» римского обряда, сформулированная М. Андриё и Т. Клаузером, и ее критика в современной историографии. Анализируются восприятие римского обряда за пределами Рима и папская политика по его продвижению. Особое внимание уделяется инициативам папы Григория VII в сфере богослужения и вопросу о появлении в Латеране каноников Сан-Фредиано и их литургического Ординария (Ordo officiorum ecclesiae Lateranensis). Автор предлагает новую датировку и определяет место составления Ординария из церкви св. Николая в Пассау, доказывая его связь с церквами Сан-Микеле, Сан-Джакомо и Сан-Мартино в римском районе Борго, где папа Иннокентий II провел масштабные строительные работы, вероятно, задумывая реформу ватиканского капитула по образцу капитула Латеранской базилики.
ПАМЯТИ БОРИСА СОЛОМОНОВИЧА КАГАНОВИЧА (1952–2021), "Средние века"
Authors: Мажуга В.И.
Published: April 2021

25 января 2021 г. от осложнений коронавируса скончался доктор исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Санкт-Петербургского института истории РАН Борис Соломонович Каганович – потеря для отечественной исторической науки во многом невосполнимая. В Санкт-Петербургском институте истории, вблизи архивов, где он черпал важнейший для себя материал, Борис Соломонович нашел то пристанище, которое позволило ему развернуть наиболее полно свои научные замыслы, охватившие со временем и период Нового времени. Надо признать, что ни по первоначальной подготовке на кафедре классической филологии Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова, которую он окончил в 1975 г., ни по настоящему предмету его зрелых исследований Борис Соломонович не мог подходить прямо под категорию исследователя-медиевиста. Однако его мысли и находки придавали новый смысл и порою новое направление работам коллег, исследовавших конкретные явления средневековой истории.
Чернобыль: треть века спустя (опыт эмоционально-аналитического исследования), "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Гухман Г.А.
Published: April 2021

Под таким заголовком в Издательском центре “Титул” вышла в свет книга, которая, как следует из аннотации, “…содержит научный анализ, комментарии и воспоминания, посвящённые аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС, ликвидации её последствий и современному состоянию пострадавших территорий, а также документы, публикации, ссылки на сайты и литературу по данной теме. Авторы книги – сотрудники МЭИ, специалисты-ликвидаторы…”.
Мировая энергетика: глобальные проблемы и перспективы развития, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Афанасьев А.А. , Баранов Н.Н.
Published: April 2021

“Энергия” продолжает обсуждение обзора, выполненного по материалам открытых отечественных и зарубежных новостных сообщений, содержащего анализ состояния и основных направлений развития современной энергетики, а также новых перспективных энергетических технологий.
Superior Low‐Temperature Reversible Adhesion Based on Bio‐Inspired Microfibrillar Adhesives Fabricated by Phenyl Containing Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers
Authors: Xia Shuang , Chen Yukun , Tian Jinfeng , Shi Jinfeng , Geng Chengzhen , Zou Huawei , Liang Mei , Li Zhibo
Published: April 2021

Gecko‐inspired microfibrillar adhesives have achieved great progress in microstructure design and adhesion improvement over the past two decades. Space applications nowadays show great interest in this material for the characteristics of reversible adhesion and universal van der Waals interactions. However, the impact of harsh environment of space on the performance of microfibrillar adhesives, especially the extreme low temperature, is rarely addressed. Herein, microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by phenyl containing polydimethylsiloxane (p‐PDMS) elastomers with superior low‐temperature reversible adhesion is proposed. p‐PDMS elastomers are synthesized through one‐pot anionic ring‐opening copolymerization, and the resulting elastomers become non‐crystallizable with excellent low‐temperature elasticity. Low‐temperature adhesion tests demonstrate that the adhesion strength of microfibrillar adhesives fabricated by p‐PDMS elastomers can be well maintained to as low as −120 °C. In contrast, the adhesion strength of pure PDMS microfibrillar adhesive reduces more than 50% below its crystallization temperature. The low‐temperature cyclic adhesion tests further demonstrate that p‐PDMS microfibrillar adhesives exhibit superior reversible adhesion compared to that of PDMS microfibrillar adhesives, owing to the sustainable conformal contact and even distribution of loads over repeated cycles. This study provides a new fabrication strategy for microfibrillar adhesives, and is beneficial for the practical application of microfibrillar adhesives.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkene Thioacylation: A C−S Bond Activation Approach for Accessing Indanone Derivatives
Authors: Wu Jianing , Xu Wen‐Hua , Lu Hong , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: April 2021

A palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular alkene thioacylation reaction initiated by the activation of thioester C(acyl)−S bonds is reported. This approach successfully suppressed decarbonylation and β‐hydrogen elimination with related acyl and alkyl metal thiolate intermediates, providing an efficient and atom‐economical method to access indanone scaffolds. Mechanistic studies provide support for C(acyl)−Pd bond insertion of olefins. The synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated by the further conversion of the newly formed methylene sulfide substituent.

magnified image
The aerial panopticon and the ethics of archaeological remote sensing in sacred cultural spaces
Authors: Davis Dylan S. , Buffa Danielle , Rasolondrainy Tanambelo , Creswell Ebony , Anyanwu Chiamaka , Ibirogba Abiola , Randolph Clare , Ouarghidi Abderrahim , Phelps Leanne N. , Lahiniriko François , Chrisostome Zafy Maharesy , Manahira George , Douglass Kristina
Published: April 2021

Remote sensing technology has become a standard tool for archaeological prospecting. Yet the ethical guidelines associated with the use of these technologies are not well established and are even less‐often discussed in published literature. With a nearly unobstructed view of large geographic spaces, aerial and spaceborne remote sensing technology creates an asymmetrical power dynamic between observers and the observed. Here, we explore the power dynamics involved with aerial and spaceborne remote sensing, using Foucault's notion of power and the panopticon. In many other areas of archaeological practice, such power imbalances have been actively confronted by collaborative approaches and community engagement, but remote sensing archaeology has been largely absent from such interventions. We discuss how aerial and spaceborne imagery is perceived by local communities in southwest Madagascar and advocate for a more collaborative approach to remote sensing archaeology that includes local stakeholders and researchers in all levels of data acquisition, analysis, and dissemination.