bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter arterial embolization for massive hemobilia with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) Glubran 2
Authors: Shi Yadong , Chen Liang , Zhao Boxiang , Gu Jianping , Huang Hao , Lu Zhaoxuan , Su Haobo
Published: June 2020

Background
Massive hemobilia is a life-threatening scenario and therapeutic challenge. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) Glubran 2 for massive hemobilia with arterial injuries.
Methods
From January 2014 to February 2019, 12 patients (mean age, 63.2 ± 12 years) with massive hemobilia were retrospectively evaluated for TAE using NBCA Glubran 2. Patient baseline characteristics, severities of hemobilia, and imaging findings were collected. Emergent TAE was performed using 1:2 − 1:4 mixtures of NBCA and ethiodized oil. Technical success, clinical success, procedure-related complications, and follow-up outcomes were assessed.
Results
Pre-procedure arteriography demonstrated injuries of the right hepatic artery (n = 10), and cystic artery (n = 2). Initial coil embolization distal to the lesions was required in 4 (33.3%) patients to control the high blood flow and prevent end-organ damage. After a mean treatment time of 10.1 ± 5.5 min, technical success was achieved in 100% of the patients without non-target embolization and catheter adhesion. Clinical success was achieved in 11 (91.7%) patients. Major complication was noted in 1 (8.3%) patient with gallbladder necrosis owing to embolization of the cystic artery. During a median follow-up time of 16 months (range, 6–36 months), one patient died owing to carcinoma, whereas no patient encountered recurrent hemobilia, embolic material migration or post-embolization complications.
Conclusions
TAE using NBCA Glubran 2 is a rapid, effective, and safe treatment modality for massive hemobilia. This treatment modality may be reserved as a promising alternative option to coil embolization.
Influence of Slaughter Methods That Are Indigenous to Nguni People on Meat Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Goat Meat
Authors: Mdlet Zwelethu Mfanafuthi , Chimonyo Michael , Mapiye Cletos
Published: June 2020

Background:Resource-limited households in smallholder farming systems slaughter goats use indigenous methods for performing traditional ceremonies and meat consumption. Although extensive research has been done to determine the effect of slaughter methods on meat physico-chemical characteristics, there is paucity of informationon methods which are indigenous to Nguni people. Therefore,the objective of the study was to determine meat quality of Nguni goats slaughtered using indigenous slaughter methods. Methods:Thirty 15-18-month old wetherswere randomly assigned to three slaughter methods; transverse neck incision (TNI), suprasternal notch piercing (SNP) and under shoulder blade chest floor point of elbow piercing (CFP) to the direction of the heart. Post-mortem, them. longissimus thoracis et lumborum(LTL) was sampled for meat quality measurements. Results:Wethersslaughtered using the SNP method had greaterultimate pH values when compared with TNI and CFP slaughter methods. Wethers slaughtered using SNP method had greater rate of pH decline when compared with TNI and CFP slaughter methods. Whethers slaughtered using the SNP method had lower meat redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and chroma (C*) values when compared with TNI and CFP slaughter methods.Slaughter method had no effect (P≥ 0.05)on drip loss, water holding capacity,cooking lossand shear force. Conclusions:Overall, Nguni wethersslaughtered using theTNI and CFP methods produced chevonwithfresh meatappearance.
Bovine adapted transmissible mink encephalopathy is similar to L-BSE after passage through sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype but not VRQ/ARQ
Authors: Cassmann E.D. , Moore S.J. , Kokemuller R.D. , Balkema-Buschmann A. , Groschup M. H. , Nicholson Eric M , Greenlee Justin
Published: June 2020

Background
Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) is a fatal neurologic disease of farmed mink. Evidence indicates that TME and L-BSE are similar and may be linked in some outbreaks of TME. We previously transmitted bovine adapted TME (bTME) to sheep. The present study compared ovine passaged bTME (o-bTME) to C-BSE and L-BSE in transgenic mice expressing wild type bovine prion protein (TgBovXV). To directly compare the transmission efficiency of all prion strains in this study, we considered the attack rates and mean incubation periods. Additional methods for strain comparison were utilized including lesion profiles, fibril stability, and western blotting.
Results
Sheep donor genotype elicited variable disease phenotypes in bovinized mice. Inoculum derived from a sheep with the VRQ/VRQ genotype (o-bTMEVV) resulted in an attack rate, incubation period, western blot profile, and neuropathology most similar to bTME and L-BSE. Conversely, donor material from a sheep with the VRQ/ARQ genotype (o-bTMEAV) elicited a phenotype distinct from o-bTMEVV, bTME and L-BSE. The TSE with the highest transmission efficiency in bovinized mice was L-BSE. The tendency to efficiently transmit to TgBovXV mice decreased in the order bTME, C-BSE, o-bTMEVV, and o-bTMEAV. The transmission efficiency of L-BSE was approximately 1.3 times higher than o-bTMEVV and 3.2 times higher than o-bTMEAV.
Conclusions
Our findings provide insight on how sheep host genotype modulates strain genesis and influences interspecies transmission characteristics. Given that the transmission efficiencies of L-BSE and bTME are higher than C-BSE, coupled with previous reports of L-BSE transmission to mice expressing the human prion protein, continued monitoring for atypical BSE is advisable in order to prevent occurrences of interspecies transmission that may affect humans or other species.
Complicated COVID-19 in pregnancy: a case report with severe liver and coagulation dysfunction promptly improved by delivery
Authors: Ronnje Louise , Länsberg John-Kalle , Vikhareva Olga , Hansson Stefan , Herbst Andreas , Zaigham Mehreen
Published: June 2020

BackgroundIt has been proposed that pregnant women and their fetuses may be particularly at risk for poor outcomes due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. From the few case series that are available in the literature, women with high risk pregnancies have been associated with higher morbidity. It has been suggested that pregnancy induced immune responses and cardio-vascular changes can exaggerate the course of the COVID-19 infectionCase presentationA 26-year old Somalian woman (G2P1) presented with a nine-day history of shortness of breath, dry cough, myalgia, nausea, abdominal pain and fever. A nasopharyngeal swab returned positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Her condition rapidly worsened leading to severe liver and coagulation impairment. An emergency Caesarean section was performed at gestational week 32+6 after which the patient made a rapid recovery. Severe COVID-19 promptly improved by the termination of the pregnancy or atypical HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelet Count) exacerbated by concomitant COVID-19 infection could not be ruled out. There was no evidence of vertical transmission. ConclusionThis case adds to the growing body of evidence which raises concerns about the possible negative maternal outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and advocates for pregnant women to be recognized as a vulnerable group during the current pandemic.
Antibiotic resistant gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from non-clinical environment: public health implications in Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Hosu Mojisola C. , Vasaikar Sandeep , Okuthe Grace. E. , Apalata Teke
Published: June 2020

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are Gram-negative bacilli that are ubiquitous in nature particularly plentiful in soils and in aquatic milieu because they thrive well in humid or wet environments. It has extensive metabolic versatility, ability to thrive well and colonize diverse ecological habitats such as soil, rhizosphere, wastewaters that, enhances its potential threat to public health. Abattoirs, aquatic ecosystem including generated wastewaters are latent sources of pathogenic bacteria, serve as reservoirs and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistant genes. Several studies have focused on clinical environment while scarce data exist from non-clinical environments, which sometimes are hotspots of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the present investigation aimed to identify antibiotic resistant gene of P. aeruginosa from non-clinical sources in Mthatha, Eastern Cape and evaluate its public health implications.
Results

Fifty-five (55) Pseudomonas species and other organisms recovered from effluent and surface water samples included P. aeruginosa (65.4%), P. fluorescens (27.3%), Burkholderia gladioli (5.5%) and Burkholderia cepacia (1.8%). The P. aeruginosa isolates showed high resistance to aztreonam (86.1%), ceftazidime (63.9%), piperacillin (58.3%) and cefepime (55.6%); with moderate resistance displayed to imipenem (50%), piperacillin/tazobactam (47.2%), meropenem (41.7%) and levofloxacin (30.6%). Twenty out of thirty-six (36) P. aeruginosa displayed multidrug resistance profiles and were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR) (55.6%). Most of the bacterial isolates exhibited a high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index of > 0.2 ranging from 0.08–0.69 with a mean MAR Index of 0.38. PCR analysis of fifteen (15) P. aeruginosa isolates detected 14 (93.3%) harbored blaSHV, 6 (40%) harbored blaTEM with the least occurring ESBL as blaCTX−M at 3 (20%).
Conclusions

Results of the current study indicating resistance of environmental P. aeruginosa isolates to front-line clinically relevant antipseudomonal drugs is concerning and poses risk to the environment and receiving water bodies. Given the public health relevance, the results of this study highlight the importance and urgent need of monitoring multidrug-resistant pathogens in effluent environments. These non-clinical environments are potential reservoirs of resistance genes that would further serve as avenues for the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria in the community.
Cost-Effectiveness of Emergency Obstetric Care in rural Kenya: Comparing Ambulance transfer and Self-referral
Authors: Kalisa Richard , Muriithi Moses Kinyanjui , Bijlmakers Leon , Akker Thomas van den , Roosmalen Jos van
Published: June 2020

Background

Obstetric complications are difficult to predict and may require referral, expedited by ambulance use. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing ambulance transfers and self-referrals in obstetric emergencies in a predominantly rural setting in Kenya.
Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional cost-effectiveness analysis using a healthcare system perspective was conducted of parturient women transferred by ambulance to a higher level hospital compared with self-referrals between January to June 2019. Direct costs needed for ambulance, self-referral and clinical care were calculated. Every woman admitted with a pregnancy-related complication was assessed using the adapted sub-Saharan African Maternal Near Miss (MNM) criteria. Each referred woman was categorized as: ‘necessary referral’ meaning that they were managed for either MNM or potentially life-threatening complications (PLTC) and ‘unnecessary referral’ meaning those with no obstetric complications. Incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) for referral was considered attractive or very attractive interventions when costs per life years gained (LYG) were below $150 and $30, respectively.
Results

Overall, 2804 women (96.3%) were self-referrals, while 108 ambulance transfers occurred (3.7%). Main indications for ambulance transfer were prolonged labor (n = 21; 19.4%), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (n = 19; 17.6%) and sepsis/peritonitis following cesarean section (n = 15; 13.9%). Necessary referrals were considered to have occurred in 81/108 (75%) for ambulance transfers versus 239/2804 (9.3%) self-referrals. If all necessary referral cases had exclusively used ambulance services (ambulance + self-referrals), then the total intervention costs would be $90,112 and LYG 6095, equivalent to ICER of $14.8 per LYG. Women with unnecessary referrals by ambulance were 27/108 (25%) versus self-referrals in 2565/2804 (91.5%) indicating that these women could have been managed in sub-county hospitals or health centers.
Conclusions

Cost-effectiveness of reasonably well-targeted ambulance services on women with MNM or PLTC in our setting was very attractive.
Minimally Invasive Repair of a Delayed Recurrent Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Case Report of Dislocation of the Bony and Dural Defects
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Chen Ping , Wang Bing
Published: June 2020

Background：Dural and bony defects mostly occur in the same position in the cerebrospinal fluid（CSF）rhinorrhea of anterior cranial base fractures,and a few cases of delayed CSF leakage after repair are also reported.Case presentation：We report a case in which a pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap was used to repair the comminuted fracture of the anterior skull base with CSF leakage. Delayed CSF leakage occurred 45 days after the operation.A minimally invasive approach through an eyebrow incision was performed for reoperation,it was found that the bony defect was located in the right frontal sinus and the dural defect was located in the right ethmoid plate. Conclusions:This case suggests that delayed traumatic CSF rhinorrhea after reconstructive surgery is more complex than usual,and appropriate approach should be adopted to repair the dural and bony defects , the transeyebrow approach is a good choice.
Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviors towards COVID-19 among health care providers in Yemen: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Alrubaiee Gamil Ghaleb , Al-Qalah Talal Ali Hussein , Al-Aawar Mohammed Sadeg A.
Published: June 2020

Background: The current rapid prevalence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic over the world is associated with a considerable level of scared, anxiety and panic among the public, in particular, healthcare providers (HCPs) as the most vulnerable group at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. To protect and enhance HCPs' capacity to carry out their duties in responding to COVID-19, healthcare authorities should keep them away from stress and anxiety and improve their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 to ensure their compliance to infection control precautions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and preventive behaviours among Yemeni HCPs towards COVID-19.Methods: A descriptive, web-based-cross-sectional study was used. It was conducted among a number of 1244 Yemeni HCPs. The COVID-19 related questionnaire was designed using Google forms. The link of the survey was sent to the respondents via emails, WhatsApp messages and WhatsApp groups as well as Telegram and other social media. The data collection started on 22nd April 2020, at 6 PM and closed on 26th April 2020 at 11 AM.Results: The results indicated that out of 1244 of the Yemeni HCPs participating in this study, 61.3% were male and more than (67%) were in the age group of 20 to 30 years old with a mean of 29.25±6.75. Most of them (85.9%) had a bachelor degree or above and had 10 years of working experience or less (88.2%). Besides, although 57.1% of the respondents obtained their information via social and news media and 60.3% had never attended lectures/discussions about COVID-19, the results revealed that the majority of respondents had an adequate level of knowledge, an optimistic attitude, moderate anxiety and high performance in preventive behaviors (60.3%, 85.00%, 50.80 & 87.60%, respectively) toward the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Although the Yemeni HCPs exhibited an adequate level of knowledge, an optimistic attitude, moderate anxiety and high performance in preventive behaviours toward the COVID-19 pandemic, the results showed gaps in some themes, particularly in their knowledge and attitude on COVID-19 pandemic which need to be updated or refreshed.
Patterns and Correlates of Mis-implementation in State Public Health Practice in the United States
Authors: Padek Margaret , Mazzucca Stephanie , Allen Peg , Weno Emily Rodriguez , Tsai Edward , Luke Douglas A. , Brownson Ross C.
Published: June 2020

Background: Much of the disease burden in the United States is preventable through application of existing knowledge. State-level public health practitioners are in ideal positions to affect programs and policies related to chronic disease, but the extent to which mis-implementation occurring with these programs is largely unknown. Mis-implementation refers to ending effective programs and policies prematurely or continuing ineffective ones.Methods: A 2018 comprehensive survey assessing the extent of mis-implementation and multi-level influences on mis-implementation was reported by state health departments (SHDs). Questions were developed from previous literature. Surveys were emailed to randomly selected SHD employees across the Unites States. Spearman’s correlation and multinomial logistic regression were used to assess factors in mis-implementation.Results: Half (50.7%) of respondents were program managers or unit directors. Forty nine percent reported that programs their SHD oversees sometimes, often or always continued ineffective programs. Over 50% also reported that their SHD sometimes or often ended effective programs. The data suggest the strongest correlates and predictors of mis-implementation were at the organizational level. For example, the number of organizational layers impeded decision-making was significant for both continuing ineffective programs (OR=4.70; 95% CI=2.20, 10.04) and ending effective programs (OR=3.23; 95% CI=1.61, 7.40).Conclusion: The data suggest that changing certain agency practices may help in minimizing the occurrence of mis-implementation. Further research should focus on adding context to these issues and helping agencies engage in appropriate decision-making. Greater attention to mis-implementation should lead to greater use of effective interventions and more efficient expenditure of resources, ultimately to improve health outcomes.
Effect of socioeconomic and ethnic characteristics on COVID-19 infection: The case of the Ultra-Orthodox and the Arab communities in Israel.
Authors: Saban Mor , Shachar T , O-MA Miron , Wilf-Miron Racel
Published: June 2020

BackgroundDuring infectious disease outbreaks the weakest communities are more vulnerable to the infection and its deleterious effects. In Israel, the Arab and Ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities have unique demographic and cultural characteristics that place them at risk for infection.ObjectiveTo examine the socioeconomic and ethnic differences in relation to COVID-19 testing, cases and deaths, and to analyze infection spread patterns in ethnically diverse communities. MethodsConsecutive data on COVID-19 diagnostic testing, confirmed cases and deaths collected from March 31st through May 1st, 2020 in 174 localities across Israel (84% of the population) were analyzed by socioeconomic ranking and ethnicity. ResultsTests were performed on 331,594 individuals (4·29% of the total population). Of those, 14,865 individuals (4·48%) were positive and 203 died (1·37% of confirmed cases).The percentage of the population tested was 26% and the risk of testing positive was 2·16 times higher in the lowest, compared with the highest socioeconomic category. The proportion of confirmed cases was 4·96 times higher in the Jewish compared with the Arab population.The rate of confirmed cases in 2 Ultra-Orthodox localities increased relatively early and quickly. Other Jewish and Arab localities showed consistently low rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases, regardless of socioeconomic ranking.ConclusionsCulturally different communities reacted differently to the COVID-19 outbreak and to government measures, resulting in different outcomes. Therefore, socioeconomic and ethnic variables cannot fully explain communities' reaction to the pandemic. Our findings stress the need for designing a culturally adapted approach for dealing with health crises.
Effect of Seed Extraction Methods of Tomato on Physiological Quality of Seeds and Seedlings
Authors: Degwale Alemu , Tesfa Tiru , Meseret Belete
Published: June 2020

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of the most popular and most processed vegetable crops worldwide with a great nutritional contribution to the human diet. Even though its demand is increasing with increasing profitability, the production constricted by lack of quality seeds due mainly to lack of proper seed extraction method particularly for large scale seed production. Extensive disease epidemics might also be due to unsatisfactory seed extraction method. Empirical evidences are scanty on instant and latent effects of seed extraction methods of tomato seeds. Thus, this study was initiated to investigate the effect of seed extraction methods on physiological quality of seeds and seedlings of tomato. The experiment was carried under laboratory and field conditions in a completely randomized design. Results revealed that the highest germination percent (99.33 and 89.76% under laboratory and field conditions respectively) was obtained at 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Whereas, maximum weight of 1000 seeds (4.277g) was found at 1% of HCl for 30 minutes whereas maximum mycoflora load (36%) was observed from 72 hours fermentation. Yet, no mycoflora was detected from higher concentration (2% and more HCl) and time length (60 minutes and longer time). Seed quality parameters like seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, and vigour indices were significantly higher at extraction method of 2% HCl for 60 minutes. Thus it can be concluded that maximum physiological seed quality and best performance of seedlings of tomato can be obtained from 2% HCl for 60 minutes.
Effect of gamma sterilization on filtering efficiency of various respiratory face-masks
Authors: Kumar Amit , Sangeetha D.N. , Yuvaraj Ramani , Menaka M. , Subramanian V. , Venkatraman B.
Published: June 2020

Three types of respiratory masks viz N95, non-woven fabric and double layer cotton cloth are being used as an essential inhalation protective measure against COVID-19 by suppressing the entry of respiratory droplets. The filtering efficiency of these masks were tested before and after sterilization using gamma radiation for the two flow rate conditions corresponding normal breath rate (20 lpm) and during sneezing/coughing (90 lpm). Sterilization is carried out using a gamma irradiator containing Co-60 source for the two dose exposures viz. 15kGy and 25kGy. The filtering efficiency for surgical (non-woven fabric) and double layer cotton cloth mask is found to vary from 18% to 22% for the cumulative particle of size ≥ 0.3µm in both un-irradiated and irradiated condition.The filtration efficiency of N95 mask is found to be reduced to 70% for the most penetrating particle size (0.3 µm) with the flow rate of 20 lpm and further reduced for particles in the range of 0.1 and 0.2µm with flow rate of 90 lpm. The reduction in efficiency after gamma sterilization is associated with reduction of electrostatic interaction of filter medium with particles laden in the air stream.Even with reduced filtering efficiency due to gamma sterilization, the N95 masks are much superior than the surgical and cloth masks.Instead of disposing N95 mask after single use, they can be reused a few times as N70 mask during this pandemic crisis after sterilization using gamma radiation.
YTHDF2, a protein repressed by miR-145, regulates proliferation, apoptosis and migration in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Li Jie , Wu Lei , Pei Meili , Zhang Yun
Published: June 2020

RNA methylation can reverse the methylation modification at RNA level, which is a kind of extremely important epigenetic modification. YTHDF2, as a reader of m6A modification, the function and mechanisms of in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) have not been elucidated so far. In this study, we demonstrated that YTHDF2 was significantly upregulated in EOC tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues, further function studies confirmed that YTHDF2 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of EOC cell lines, and reduced the global mRNA m6A levels. Next, we found that the expression levels of miR-145 and YTHDF2 were inversely correlated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and YTHDF2 is the direct target gene of miR-145. Interestingly, there was a crucial crosstalk between miR-145 and YTHDF2 via a double-negative feedback loop. Overexpression of YTHDF2 rescues miR-145-induced reduction of proliferation and migration in EOC cells. To conclude, YTHDF2 and miR-145, as two crucial m6A regulators, are involved in the progression of EOC by indirectly modulating m6A levels. In view of these promising results, YTHDF2 and miR-145 may provide new insights into the carcinogenesis and new potential therapeutic targets for EOC.
Pyruvate enhances M1 microglial polarization via NF-κB/MCT1/iNOS signaling axis under low glucose condition
Authors: Zhou Peng , Du Juan-juan , Zhou Tao , Sun Chen-you , Cui Huai-rui , Ding Mao-chao , Yang Chao-xian , Liao Min
Published: June 2020

Background

Proinflammatory microglia rely predominantly on glycolysis to maintain cytokine production during an inflammatory response. However, during ischemia, where glucose supply is low, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production remains high accompanied by an increase in monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. In this study, we explored whether there is a link between iNOS and MCT1 expressions, and whether pyruvate can act as an energy source to sustain the M1 phenotype.
Methods

Using a mouse model with laser-induced brain ischemia and cell culture with low-glucose treatment, we examined responses from microglia.
Results

The expressions of iNOS and MCT1, as well as arginase-1 (ARG1), were increased in the brain of the ischemic mouse model. In the BV2 microglial cell line and primary microglia treated under low glucose condition, iNOS and MCT1 also increased, while ARG1 decreased. The addition of pyruvate under low-glucose or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment enhanced iNOS and MCT1 expressions compared with groups without pyruvate. MCT1 knockdown resulted in decreased iNOS while MCT1 overexpression increased iNOS. Furthermore, inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) reduced both iNOS and MCT1.
Conclusion

Our data suggested that after proinflammatory microglial polarization, MCT1 is upregulated through the NF-κB signaling pathway, which leads to iNOS production. We speculate that microglia may continuously pick up monocarboxylates such as pyruvate through MCT1 to sustain the M1 phenotype.
ECOG-ACRIN 2399: Analysis of Patient Related Outcomes After Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cmelak Anthony J. , Dietrich Mary S. , Li Shuli , Ridner Sheila , Forastiere Arlene A , Burtness Barbara A. , Cella David , Murphy Barbara A.
Published: June 2020

Background: We conducted a correlative study for E2399, a function preservation trial for resectablelocally advanced oropharynx and larynx cancer, to prospectively assess effects of chemoradiation (CCR) on quality of life (QOL), swallowing and voice. We correlated the results of swallow assessments done via questionnaires and objective assessments.Methods: The Functional Assessment of Cancer-HN (FACT-HN), the Performance Status Scale – Head and Neck (PSS-HN), swallow assessments (including modified barium swallow studies), and voice assessments: Voice Handicap Index (VHI), the Voice Disability Assessment (VDA), and American Speech-Language Hearing Association’s Functional Communication Measure (FCM) were conducted at baseline and periodically post-treatment for 2 years.Results: Baseline QOL and swallowing function predicted overall survival. Patients experienced a marked decrease in QOL, swallowing, and speech post CCR although the decrease in vocal function was modest. Function and QOL returned towards baseline in the majority of patients by 12 months post treatment. Less than 10% of patients had severe dysphagia and were PEG dependent at 12 months post treatment. There was a high degree of correlation between the FACT-HN and PSS-HN swallow items. Statistically significant correlations were found between subjective and objective measures of swallow function.Conclusions: Patients experience marked loss in swallowing function post CCR which returned to baseline in the majority of patients. The correlations between the FCM and self-report swallow items on the PSS and FACT-HN appear to be sufficiently strong to justify their use as a surrogate marker for swallowing disability in large therapeutic trials.
The Local Concentration of Ca2+ Correlates with BMP7 Expression and Osseointegration in Patients with Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Fu Xiaodong , Wang Weili , Li Xiaomiao , Gao Yingjian , Li Hao , Shen Yi
Published: June 2020

Background

A successful osseointegration of total hip arthroplasty (THA) relies on the interplay of implant surface and bone marrow microenvironment. This study was undertaken to investigate the impact of perioperative biochemical molecules (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , VD, PTH) on the bone marrow osteogenetic factors (BMP2, BMP7, Stro-1 + cells) in the metaphyseal region of the femoral head, and further on the bone mineral density (BMD) of Gruen R3.

Methods

Bone marrow aspirates were obtained from the discarded metaphysis region of the femoral head in 51 patients with THA. Flow cytometry was used to measure the Stro-1 + expressing cells. ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of bone morphologic proteins (BMP2 and BMP7). The perioperative concentrations of the biochemical molecules above were measured by radioimmunoassay. The BMD of Gruen zone R3 was examined at 6 months after THA, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

Results

Our data demonstrated that the concentration of Ca 2+ was positively correlated with BMP7 expression, and with the postoperative BMD of Gruen zone R3. However, the concentration of Mg 2+ had little impact on the R3 BMD, although it was negatively correlated with the expression of BMP7. The data also suggested that the other biochemical molecules, such as Zn 2+ , VD, and PTH, were not significantly correlated with any bone marrow osteogenetic factors (BMP2, BMP7, Stro-1 + cells). The postoperative R3 BMD of patients of different gender and age had no significant difference.

Conclusions

These results indicate the local concentration of Ca 2+ may be an indicator for the prognosis of THA patients.
BELAJAR DARI KECERDASAN LOKAL: STUDI TENTANG KAMPUNG NAGA
Authors: Dewi Pancawati
Published: June 2020

Title: Learning from the Local Intelligence: Study in Kampung Naga

Changes that occur in Kampung Naga houses can not be avoided. Change is adapted to the development of the times adjusting to the evolving socio-economic and cultural conditions. The method used in this study is the Interpretive-Historical. The key to this research method is interpretation. This is done to try to understand the phenomena that exist in the field (a subjective group of people) and bring them to an objective interpretation. Material changes to the layout and the house can not be avoided in order to customize their new needs and technology of today. Changing patterns of house structure and the addition of new space shows the friendliness and openness of Kampung Naga society in welcoming the tourists. The effort to preserve their traditions still shows strong identity in Kampung Naga society in the face of changing times. Placement the hearth at this time is tend to be permanent, though it can be shifted layout. The hearth has an important role in people's daily lives in Kampung Naga since old time to be maintained to this day.
PENGARUH KETERSEDIAAN MODAL DAN LAHAN TERHADAP PROSES TRANSFORMASI SPASIAL HBE DI KAMPUNG KARANGASEM, SLEMAN
Authors: Puspita Luluk Rani , Rahmi Dwita Hadi
Published: June 2020

Title: The Effect of Capital and Land Availability on The Spatial Transformation Process at Kampung Karangasem, Sleman

Kampung Karangasem as one of Kampung located in pheriphery of Yogyakarta has very rapid spatial development since the establishment of UGM and UNY. People’s initiatives to seize this opportunity, make spatial change from housing into home based enterprises. This study aims to determine the effect of capital and land availability on the spatial transformation process of HBE at Kampung Karangasem. Method used in this study is deductive-qualitative. Data collective by “participant as observer” and mapping.The result of this study indicate that the availability of capital and land has an influence of strategy in the process of transformation from house into a home-based enterprises. Limited capital ownership influences the transformation process of horizontal sharing of space, horizontal shifting of space, horizontal extending of space and vertical extending of space. If homeowner have enough capital, it will make transformation vertical extending of space. The influence of the availability of land is the house that still have enough land with sufficient area will choose to use the horizontal extending of space strategy, while the vertical extending of space strategy is chosen if there is no available vacant land.
Calcium dobesilate – a perfect stranger
Authors: Bogachev V. Yu. , Boldin B. V. , Rodionov S. V. , Dzhenina O. V.
Published: June 2020

Pharmacotherapy plays a key role in the treatment of chronic venous diseases and their complications. This category of patients traditionally uses a variety of phlebotropic drugs, the vast majority of which are of plant origin, introducing specific therapeutic features due to decreased bioavailability and, consequently, the presence of a dose-dependent effect. That is why the modern trend in pharmacotherapy of chronic venous diseases is the use of phlebotropic drugs that have high bioavailability with rapid achievement of therapeutic concentration, as well as demonstrating a polyvalent mechanism of action on the main pathogenetic mechanisms of development and progression of chronic venous diseases. One of such preparations is calcium dobesilate, which is a calcium salt of 2,5-dihydroxybenzenesulfonic acid (C12H10CaO10S2) obtained by chemical synthesis. In terms of pharmacological properties calcium dobesilate belongs to capillary protectors with more pronounced pluripotent effect on venous and lymphatic sections of the microcirculation. To date, calcium dobesilate is the only synthetic phlebotropic drug registered in the Russian Federation.

Indications for the prescription of calcium dobesilate are microangiopathies of various genesis, but primarily associated with chronic venous and lymphatic failure.

Numerous experimental and clinical studies demonstrate a high clinical efficacy of calcium dobesilate regarding major venospecific symptoms and syndromes, for the elimination of which the drug can be prescribed in a standard daily dose of 1500 mg, both in monotherapy and in combination with other drugs.

Calcium dobesilate therapy is usually performed without undesirable reactions, the risk of which is low when using standard recommended daily doses of the preparation 500-1500 mg.
Thrombosed aneurysm V. basilica: literature review and rare clinical observation
Authors: Bogachev V. Yu. , Boldin B. V. , Rodionov S. V. , Golosnitskiy P. Yu. , Dizengoff I. M.
Published: June 2020

Venous aneurysms continue to be one of the little studied sections of modern vascular surgery. Messages on the occurrence of this pathology in the medical literature are very few and describe extremely rare clinical cases, localized mainly in the deep veins of the lower extremities and leading to thromboembolic complications. Single publications describe venous aneurysms localized in superficial saphenous veins. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease currently continues to cause debate. The article provides a literature review on this rare surgical vascular pathology, presents its own clinical observation, discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment options for this disease.
Effectiveness of treatment of patients with superficial vein thrombosis associated with varicose veins in real clinical practice
Authors: Burleva E. P. , Leshchinskaya A. Yu. , Kremenevskiy O. M. , Zasorin A. A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Approaches to the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis associated with varicose veins (V-SVT) has undergone significant changes in the last decade as a result of randomized clinical studies on the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy in V-SVT. At the same time, there is still not enough specific clinical data covering the results of treatment of patients with V-SVT and reflecting the willingness of doctors to abandon active surgical tactics in this variant of thrombophlebitis.

Aim – study the effectiveness of treatment of patients with superficial vein thrombosis associated with varicose veins (V-SVT) in real clinical practice.

Materials and methods. A retrospective non-comparative study of the results of treatment of 82 patients with V-SVT (w/m – 49/33, mean age – 55.5 years) who underwent of treatment in two departments of vascular surgery in 2019. A retrospective analysis of outpatient records of 81 patients with V-SVT discharged from the hospital was performed. Clinical and ultrasound parameters were highlighted to summarize the results. The methods of standard statistics applied using the program MS Excel 2016.

Results. The localization of thrombus in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in 68 cases (82.9%), in system of the small saphenous vein (SSV) in 8 cases (9.8%), in both systems – 6 cases (7.3%). Localization of the top of the thrombus 20–80 mm from the sapheno-femoral (SFJ)/sapheno-popliteal junctions (SPJ) – 60 (67.5%), passage into deep veins – 12 (13.4%), localization of the top of the thrombus to the level of the middle third of the thigh – 8 (9.0%), in the tributaries and trunk of the GSV/SSV on the leg below knee – 9 (10.1%). The type of the thrombus proximal part: occlusal – 61 (68.5%), non-occlusal – 6 (6.7%), floating – 22 (24.7%). Surgical interventions: high ligation of SFJ – 49 (55.1%), dissection of the SPJ – 8 (9.0%), high ligation + thrombectomy – 12 (13.4%). Conservative treatment at vascular surgery department – 20 (22.5%). Recovery – 81 (98.7%). Death – 1 (massive pulmonary embolism upon admission). After 1 month in the outpatient period, a complete relief of the inflammatory process was registered in 76 patients (93.8%), partial in 5 patients (6.2%). Regression of the thrombotic process: complete in 7 patients (8.7%), partial in 74 patients (91.3%). A case of successful treatment of a patient with V-SVT using parnaparin sodium given in this article.

Conclusion. It is necessary to revise the drug therapy of V-SVT with increasing dose of anticoagulants and prolongation of anticoagulant therapy to achieve effective results in regression of thrombotic process in superficial veins of the lower extremities.
Differential diagnosis and treatment of Morton’s neuroma in ambulatory surgical practice
Authors: Korobkov V. N. , Filippov V. A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Diagnosis of Mortoan neuroma in some cases does not cause much difficulty and is based on typical signs, but in some cases it presents certain difficulties. Therapeutic tactics for this disease involves the use of conservative or surgical treatment.

Aim. Study of the results of differential diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma in the practice of an outpatient surgeon.

Material and methods. A study of the results of diagnostics and differential diagnostics in 15 patients with chronic foot pain at the age of 28 to 46 years was conducted. Among them, there were 14 women and 1 man. Differential diagnostics for foot pain syndromes allowed us to distinguish three groups of patients. The first group included 7 patients with Morton’s neuroma. The second group included 4 patients with plantar fasciitis and the third group-4 patients with arthritis, synoviitis of the metatarsophalangeal joints. To conduct differential diagnostics, we used anamnesis, physical examination, and data from instrumental diagnostic methods.

Results. Diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma was based on the use of standard research methods (anamnesis, data from a physical instrumental examination of the foot). It should be noted the importance of ultrasound examination of the soft tissues of the foot on the plantar surface for the diagnosis of Morton’s neuroma. This allows for differential diagnosis with foot diseases such as plantar fasciitis and metatarsophalangeal joint synovitis, which may show similar symptoms.

Conclusion. Morton’s neuroma is not a rare disease of the foot, which in the initial stages of the disease has a blurred clinical picture, similar to other diseases of the foot. This can lead to diagnostic errors, but the use of modern diagnostic methods, including sonographic methods, allows in most cases to establish an accurate diagnosis and choose an appropriate treatment strategy.
Optimization of dam's spillway design under climate change conditions
Authors: Ferdowsi Ahmad , Mousavi Sayed-Farhad , Farzin Saeed , Karami Hojat
Published: June 2020

The present research introduces a model to find the best shape of a dam's spillway under climate change impacts, considering a benchmark problem (i.e., Ute Dam's labyrinth spillway in the Canadian River watershed, New Mexico, USA). A spillway design is based not only on historical data but also on the future hydrologic events. Climate variables were predicted for the years 2021–2050 based on three representative concentration pathway (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5) scenarios of the general circulation model from the fifth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP5) using the statistical downscaling model. Streamflow at the USGS 07226500 streamgage was simulated by a rainfall–runoff model with predicted data. Instantaneous peak flow was estimated using an empirical method. Flood frequency analysis was used for the estimation of the design flood. The shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) is used to optimize a labyrinth spillway design and its results were compared with two other nature-inspired algorithms: invasive weed optimization (IWO) and cuckoo search (CS). The spillway was optimized once with the actual design flood (16,143 m3/s) and again with the design flood under climate change (12,250 m3/s). Results revealed that optimization with realistic design flood reduced the concrete volume of the spillway by 37% and under climate change by 43% using the SFLA.
Shunts: When to Close Them and When to Create Them for Palliation
Authors: Wacker Julie , Beghetti Maurice
Published: June 2020

Pulmonary hypertension, despite specific therapies, remains an incurable disease with a dreadful prognosis. A systemic-to-pulmonary shunt, if left unrepaired, can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension. With time, pulmonary vascular disease develops, and closure of the shunt becomes contraindicated. Operability criteria are not well defined and rely mainly on hemodynamic values that fail to predict long-term survival. Shunts can also be created in selected cases of advanced pulmonary hyper-tension, in view of off-loading the right ventricle and improving cardiac output at the cost of cyanosis. Shunt creation is not without risks and remains indicated only in selected severe cases.
Fluoro Aryl Azides: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications
Authors: Leyva Elisa , Platz Matthew S. , Loredo-Carrillo Silvia E. , Aguilar Johana
Published: June 2020

Background:

The complex photochemistry of aryl azides has fascinated scientists
for several decades. Spectroscopists have investigated the intermediates formed by
different analytical techniques. Theoretical chemists have explained the intrinsic interplay of
intermediates under different experimental conditions.

Objective & Method:

A complete understanding of the photochemistry of a given fluoro
aryl azide is a basic requisite for its use in chemistry. In this review, we will discuss the
synthesis of several fluoro substituted aryl azides and the reactions and intermediates generated
upon photolysis and thermolysis of these azides and some examples of their applications
in photoaffinity labeling and organic synthesis.

Conclusion:

In spite of the extensive research on the photochemistry of fluoro aryl azides, there are some areas
that remain to be investigated. The application of this reaction in the synthesis of novel heterocyclic compounds
has not been fully studied. Since fluorophenyl azides are known to undergo C-H and N-H insertion reactions,
they could be used to prepare new fluorinated molecules or in the biochemical process known as photoaffinity
labeling.
1H and 13C NMR Spectral Data of Neolignans Isolated from Piper Species
Authors: do Nascimento Marinho Rosiane Ferreira , Angrisani Bianca Roberta Peres , Macedo Arthur Ladeira , de Lima Moreira Davyson , Ribeiro Carlos Magno Rocha , Vasconcelos Thatyana Rocha Alves , Valverde Alessandra Leda
Published: June 2020

Plants of the genus Piper (Piperaceae) have a pantropical distribution. In Brazil,
Piper species are used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases such as inflammation,
diabetes, toothache, and fever. Many reports have shown a correlation between the biological
activities of Piper species and neolignans, a secondary metabolite class obtained from
the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway. This review aims to provide detailed information on
the structural identification of neolignans isolated from Piper species by 1H and 13C Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These searchable data enable rapid identification
and routine analysis of neolignans from extracts of the Piper species.
Ionic Liquids in Agrochemistry
Authors: Ten Assel , Zazybin Alexey , Zolotareva Darya , Dauletbakov Anuar , Rafikova Khadichahan , Yu Valentina , Giner Beatriz
Published: June 2020

:

In this review article, we present the latest research in the field of ionic liquids
containing biologically active anions and cations, their potential application in the field of
agrochemistry and agriculture. The article describes examples of the use of ionic liquids as
herbicides, fungicides, antimicrobial agents, deterrents and plant growth stimulants. It also
indicates the advantages and disadvantages of using ionic liquids, such as their multitasking,
toxicity, thermal stability and solubility in water in comparison with commercial chemicals.
Readers will find in the article the prospects for the use of ionic liquids in agriculture, as
well as the high value of using ILs as multifunctional biologically active substances.