bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making cities resilient: Increasing resilience to disasters at the local level
Authors: Albrito Paola
Published: July 2024

Half of humanity is now living in cities, according to the United Nations Population Division. The urban population exceeded the rural for the first time in 2008, and by 2050 urbanisation will rise to 70 per cent with increased urban risk. ‘Today, 100 cities are in control of 30 per cent of the world’s economy.’ The need for maintenance and upkeep of these cities makes safety measures for their citizens crucial. In this context, urban risk, city planning and the role of local governments in dealing with risk reduction have been recognised as key factors to build communities resilient to disasters. While many local governments have taken action to reduce vulnerability, especially when it comes to government organising capacity to deal with disasters, much remains to be done. Disaster risk has become an acute and increasingly urban issue. Poorly-planned urban environments, weak urban governance, an old and fragile infrastructure, and rapid population growth have increased pressure on the urban environment and triggered exposure to disaster risk. More and more people are settling in potential danger zones such as flood plains, volcanic flanks or earthquake faults and coastal areas. They do so because planners and local governments fail to provide alternatives, or because they cannot afford safer land. Local government officials are confronted with the threat of disasters daily, and need improved access to policies and tools to cope with them effectively.
Connecting the dots: Digital payments and financial inclusion in India
Authors: Sethy Susanta Kumar
Published: July 2024

The digital payment system is playing a crucial role in promoting the financial inclusion programme in India. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the present status of digital payment and financial inclusion in the country. The study, which is based on secondary data, finds that all items of digital payments such as real-time gross settlement (RTGS), retail electronic clearing, prepaid payment investment (PPIs), electronic funds transfer/national electronic funds transfer (EFT/NEFT), immediate payment service (IMPS), usage at point of service (PoS), debit cards, mobile banking, credit cards and a number of ATMs are increasingly being used in India. The performance of digital payment transactions and mobile wallet transactions has been improving. In addition, the performance of financial inclusion programmes indicates that the contribution of public sector banks in terms of the number of accounts opened, balance in accounts and number of RuPay cards issued was the highest in comparison with other banks in India. This study also highlights the major challenges faced by digital banking in the country. The overall performance of digital banking indicates that digital payment is an essential part of financial inclusion in India.
Preparing for the implementation of EMIR REFIT
Authors: Jackson Carolyn , Mcbrien Ciara
Published: July 2024

The new obligations under EMIR REFIT (as defined below) require firms to adopt new reporting standards for derivatives transactions and upgrade outstanding derivatives transactions to the new reporting format. The implementation date is 29th April, 2024 in the EU and 30th September, 2024 in the UK. To navigate the complexities of EMIR REFIT, firms should start preparing for the implementation of the new requirements as soon as possible.
Open and social leadership/ A new paradigm in emergency management
Authors: Crowe Adam
Published: July 2024

The world is changing and so are disasters. Citizens are leveraging emerging technology and social media communication tools to send, receive and process information. It is time for professional emergency management and disaster response to do the same. This paper presents an overview of these changing public patterns, and expectations must be met with a new leadership approach.
Green technologies in practice: An overview of global initiatives tied to local execution in building design
Authors: Park Rachel K. , Kowalchuk Brian
Published: July 2024

‘Global green’ comes in many forms and sizes. But what does it mean in practice to the design of campuses and facilities? With the growing number of campus-wide initiatives, there are also a growing number of ‘green’ strategies, products and practices. What new technologies, innova-tive building systems, building materials and other sustainable products, if incorporated into a design, will make a difference? How do designers determine a ‘green’ strategy that will align with a par-ticular institution's goals as well as the goals of the greater community? For optimum results, there should be a strong link between global green initiatives and their local implementation; this includes the use of green technologies, strategies for environmental stewardship and ensuing economic growth. A clear global initiative, implemented locally, can create and sustain viable environments for generations to come. This is a very exciting time for real-estate developers to take a leadership role in the provision of green cam-pus and building solutions that will benefit their communities far into the future. This paper will examine three global initiatives and present case studies to illustrate how to put green philosophy into practice.
Brand credibility measurement: A new measure for brand equity/brand value: Part 2
Authors: Haig Bill
Published: July 2024

A company's brand credibility is an important measure that should determine the value of the company, replacing goodwill and other similar brand equity measures that are too nebulous to measure. ‘Brand credibility’ is more specific because ‘credible’ means ‘expertise’ and ‘trust’ — traits that can be measured. More importantly, being credible is also the key to persuasion in supporting important company messages, while ‘goodwill’ is only a part of the persuasion process. The premise for brand credibility measurement is based on how we persuade in all communication, whether interpersonal, company to person or company to company. The premise for brand credibility is based on the familiar communication persuasion model of credible source>message>channel>receiver. The source must be credible if the purpose is to persuade. The more credible the source, the more likely the persuasion-based message will be accepted. This paper explores credibility principles in communication persuasion, introduces credibility-based logo design, reviews the extension of credible logos to all branding elements to achieve brand credibility, compares branding measures, reviews what ‘the totally credible company’ means, and summarises findings, leading to the premise that brand credibility is a viable management strategy and a better measure of brand equity. The author also compares credibility-based logos with non-credible logos. The findings support the hypothesis that credibility-based logos induce higher conversion rates, which are important in supporting company messages, leading to product and service purchases. The company logo credibility traits can be extended to the creativity of all branding elements. Consistency in credibility-based branding is also important in order to achieve an image of brand credibility. This is Integrated Brand Credibility Promotion. Therefore, how much credibility a company has achieved with consistent Integrated Brand Credibility Promotion is the proposed measure of brand equity. The implications involve developing a credibility based brand strategy. Companies must establish company defined credibility traits, both verbal and visual, and should commission designers to develop company logos and other visual and/or verbal and credibility based branding elements. Then, the basic brand management premise of consistency as Integrated Brand Credibility Promotion should be applied to all branding elements as a unified communication expression of the company's desired credibility traits in order to achieve a clear recognition of the company's unique brand image or brand credibility. The first part of this paper was published in Journal of Brand Strategy Volume 4 Number 2.
Modernising the company Edison built: Applying innovation and digitisation at GE Appliances
Authors: Good Bill
Published: July 2024

GE Appliances (GEA), a Haier company, has implemented new, innovative strategies as part of its five-year transformation goal of knowing and serving consumers better and creating a winning culture where employee entrepreneurs thrive. Through implementing a new microenterprise business model with a ‘Zero Distance’ philosophy and creating a digital supply chain, GEA has become the fastest growing appliance company in the US. A summary of the company’s new business model, including details on the microenterprise structure and new House of Brands, is presented in this paper, as well as several key components of the digital supply chain implementation. In addition, the company has a bold philosophy on upskilling its workforce, and this paper shares several examples of talent development programmes GEA has implemented to develop the digital supply chain leaders of tomorrow.
Redemption payments: Proposed rules for US withholding tax under § 302
Authors: Ryndak Richard , Ouderkirk Michael , Mosier Jonathan
Published: July 2024

Section 302 of the US Internal Revenue Code determines whether a payment in redemption of stock is treated as a dividend or as a sale or exchange, taxable as capital gain or loss. This provision applies in a wide variety of circumstances beyond simple calls for redemption or self-tenders. Aside from its general effect on US taxpayers, this provision has a direct bearing on whether or not redemption proceeds paid by US corporations to non-US shareholders are subject to US withholding tax. Regulations proposed by the Inland Revenue Service (IRS) seek to implement a new escrow procedure that insulates US withholding agents, but imposes reporting requirements on non-US shareholders, including qualified intermediaries. Essentially, non-US shareholders will have 60 days within which to establish that they are entitled to sale or exchange treatment on redemption payments and, as a result, are not subject to US withholding tax. This paper provides an overview of § 302 and outlines the key provisions of the proposed regulations, which are presently scheduled to go into effect at the beginning of 2009. With this information, the reader will be able to respond to enquiries from US withholding agents and understand the criteria under which redemption payments are properly treated as dividends, subject to withholding tax.
Trade surveillance in a global context
Authors: Carreiro Lynne , Anderson Flavia
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to educate the reader about the expectations of regulators in the USA and Europe with regard to an investment management firm’s oversight of its trading activities and to provide practical approaches and solutions to meet those expectations.
The effect of organisational leaders on employee voice and employee silence
Authors: De Zwart-Van Der Ham Manon , Van Den Broek Marjo
Published: July 2024

Employee silence has been identified as a contributor to a host of detrimental outcomes for an organisation. Employee voice is seen to contribute to an organisation's effectiveness, eg by making better decisions possible. Four main drivers play a role in a decision to speak up or stay silent. They play a role in speaking up both inside and outside the organisation. These drivers are attitude, capability, safety and social cues. Factors that play a role are role modelling, trust, the feeling ‘it is easy’ and ‘it must be worth it’. Organisational leaders play a critical role in improving the culture to speak up and increasing the number of employees who speak up. Getting employees to speak up is important for every company, whether to make the right decisions, take a stance on societal issues or to detect misconduct. This research reveals that more needs to be done than just provide reporting channels and communicate where to find the information. The recommendation is that companies work on all four drivers to battle employee silence in an organisation.
The evolution of branding in Web3: Towards headless brands?
Authors: Brähler Nathalie
Published: July 2024

Headless brands challenge the idea that a brand is centralised and our assumptions about what a brand is and how it works. Headless brands refer to community-driven brand dynamics, without a centralised managerial body. This paper shows the rise of headless brands, how the idea of branding evolved, as well as the challenges they face. To do this, it illustrates the wider context of evolving brandconsumer relationships and explores how fandom, communities, cryptocurrencies and decentralisation are transforming the very nature of what a brand can be. It concludes by discussing how brands can take advantage of these trends to remain future fit.
Cyber insurance comes of age
Authors: Tungatt Gareth
Published: July 2024

Cyber insurance is a rare new class of insurance. Like other completely new types of insurance that have emerged over the decades, it presents unique challenges for insurers as they attempt to isolate the frequency and quantum of likely claims, since no historical loss data exists. Even the nature of the peril is not yet universally agreed. Many factors, including changing regulation, the evolution of hackers’ techniques, advances in security protocols and the potential for a cyber catastrophe event, affect the price of cyber insurance cover. The short history of the development of cyber insurance involved several false starts, but cyber insurance has now come of age. A variety of policies and associated services are available in the international market and the range of coverage continues to expand, in successful response to market demand; however, policies vary dramatically. This paper explains the challenges in pricing cyber insurance risk, the history of the development of cyber insurance, which cyber and cyber-related risks can now be insured, the current state of the cyber insurance market, and some of the differences between various policies available today.
Grappling with growth: A partnership journey
Authors: Andrabi Imran , Olson David , Masone Chris , Hereford Sarah
Published: July 2024

While growth means different things to different organisations, the accelerating scale of consolidation within the healthcare industry indicates that innovation and flexibility will be paramount when developing future strategies. Driving long-term organisational performance requires dedication to mission-aligned, profitable growth. Today’s leaders are positioning their organisations to capitalise on present and future opportunities to drive improved systems of care and long-term financial success. But those opportunities may come in non-traditional forms with unexpected partners at times. When approaching growth opportunities, the best practice strategy for a growth-forward organisation relies on the results of five important steps: align, design, navigate, integrate and optimise. Once completed and the growth opportunity is clearly defined, deploying an effective governance structure and engagement strategy are critical next steps. With these steps completed, opportunity defined and the right team in place, execution and optimisation can begin. This case study addresses the importance of establishing guiding principles and define six to live by: trust and transparency, exceptional quality, innovative transformation, community focus, value creation and disciplined execution. With these principles to guide the way, the group envisioned the various partnership opportunities across the two organisations and prioritised a successful quaternary partnership and joint venture. The successful partnership continues to pursue benefits for partners and patients with improved access across the continuum of care and enhanced outcomes through better continuity and integration. Through openness to unexpected opportunities and the agility to pivot to those opportunities, healthcare leaders are enabling themselves to capitalise on present and future opportunities to drive improved systems of care as well as long-term financial success, as exemplified in this case study.
Innovations and resilience in Thailand’s payment ecosystem: A comprehensive analysis — Connectivity initiatives, challenges and solutions
Authors: Teerapunyachai Budsakorn , Bawornkitchaikul Yanin
Published: July 2024

This paper examines Thailand’s strategic initiatives to promote FinTech innovations, cross-border payments, individual and business payments. The primary objective is to showcase how Thailand is successfully capitalising on opportunities in the rapidly evolving payment ecosystem. Central to this adaptation is the modernisation of Thailand’s payment systems, which plays a crucial role in accommodating diverse payment preferences. A consensus on policy statements, guiding policies and collaborative approaches is deemed essential to increase competitiveness and consolidate Thailand’s position as a regional leader in payments. This leadership requires the dissemination of innovative and diverse initiatives focused on enhancing financial connectivity, thereby improving the quality of life and economic prosperity. The extensive use of Quick Response (QR) codes and PromptPay for cross-border transactions, which enable real-time international fund transfers, are important initiatives. Additionally, PromptBiz seamlessly facilitates the transfer of trade data and payment information, particularly benefiting businesses engaged in these processes. Concurrently, the integrity and security of the financial ecosystem are secured through meticulous risk management and mitigation efforts, ensuring a robust foundation for sustained growth and innovation.
Personal data protection in blockchain
Authors: Wright Steve , Pilavci Ezgi
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the challenges of blockchain technology in terms of General Data Protection Regulation compliance. It focuses on the great promise of transparency in blockchain systems, its tamper-proof nature and the question of ‘Who will be the data controller in blockchain transactions?’ In blockchain systems, data is distributed across all the nodes’ (who created the blocks) computers at different locations. This makes it difficult to amend the data in the blocks as all the nodes’ participation and approval are needed. While this feature provides transparency and resilience, it is a major challenge on exercising the rights of rectification or deletion. Blockchain systems can be created as private and public, and particularly in public blockchain systems, it can be challenging to allocate and determine the liability of the parties and determine the data controller. We look into the challenges in these areas in a nutshell and very briefly mention how blockchain can benefit from the privacy by design concept.
The drawbacks of VaR's, or risk management's Byzantine discussion
Authors: Angulo Javier A.
Published: July 2024

Crises, such as the present economic downturn, are also usually times for much needed critical thinking about wrongdoings and best practices. Yet these periods are commonly full of commentators saying ‘I told you so’. Much like the attacks on value at risk (VaR) in the 1990s, today's discussions seem to be looking for a risk management tool to blame, at least in part, for the catastrophic losses experienced by banks and other financial intermediaries. But is the technique really to blame? Whatever the answer, looking for a scapegoat will help neither the financial system nor the risk management profession and, more importantly, will not prevent future generations from making the same kinds of mistake. As such, this paper does not set out to defend or propose enhancements to a particular model. Instead, it holds that tools are only as good as the framework, judgment and expertise used to implement them. Consequently, a constructive debate on risk management should not focus on the appropriateness of certain tools, but rather on the approach and assumptions used to implement them, thereby characterising uncertainty more robustly. In short, and although VaR is used as an illustrative case, this paper calls for more realistic assumptions and modelling paradigms, for now and for the years ahead.
The PIVO process for identifying vulnerabilities impact for organisation risks: An automated solution
Authors: Simoni Jean-Luc , Ulliac Alexis , Massip Thomas , Devaux Thomas
Published: July 2024

Risk management (RM) and vulnerability management (VM) are both essential cyber security domains. They are often managed independently without a proper interface to provide context information to each other and share information. This paper proposes an approach to connect RM and VM processes based on data standardisation through referential and automation to relate vulnerabilities to operational risk scenarios. The focus is mainly on the identification of the referential and their added value to complement a method described in a previous paper.
Global airport privatisation: Trends, recent developments and challenges ahead
Authors: Rikhy Amit , Roberts Jorge , Cheung Stephen
Published: July 2024

The authors provide an overview of the recent trends, developments and challenges ahead in airport privatisation. The main focus of this comment is on how airport investor and operator models are changing and the outlook of global airport privatisation.
From the couch to the concrete: How psychotherapy can help build healthy cities
Authors: Niblock Sarah
Published: July 2024

Psychotherapy offers a historical, social and relational understanding of the human condition — the being and becoming of the human — and helps people to better understand the impress of the social world on their psychologies so that they might flourish and enjoy wellness. This paper reflects upon the extent to which, thus defined, psychotherapy might usefully articulate with and enrich urban planning, design, regeneration and renewal. It weaves together a double play between psychotherapy in the city (homo-urbanus on the couch — focusing upon extending therapy to social and historical urban citizens and their psychologies) and psychotherapy of the city (concrete on the couch — construing the city as a social and historical being just as a human being and replicating psychotherapeutically informed remedies and interventions at the scale of the city). In the first case, the impress of urbanisation on psychologies and what might be done to ameliorate urban stressors provides the focus. In the second case, a more reflexive historical, social and relational understanding of the urban condition — the being and becoming of the city — could help cities themselves to more effectively harness self-care tools. The implication is clear. The psychotherapy profession should be represented in governance institutions which oversee regeneration and renewal projects so that these projects might leave as their legacy more enduring therapeutic and human-centred landscapes.
Disaster recovery of media archives
Authors: Nodine Grant
Published: July 2024

The National Hockey League (NHL) archive encompasses the 99-year history of the league and the sport of hockey. It includes more than 200,000 assets, representing game footage, scanned scoresheets, letters and other communications from league and government officials, many millions of still images, many other digital assets, and many insights into the league's history. Having recently completed a project to digitise all of these assets in advance of the league's centennial season in autumn 2017, much of the reasoning behind the NHL's plans for recovering the archive in the event of a disaster is very fresh in its collective mind. This paper examines the solution-influencing technology trends, economics, important business requirements and asset growth and diversification expectations that drove the NHL's disaster recovery planning for its historical archive.
AML and business ethics: The Caribbean and Latin/South America
Authors: Rodriguez-Autore Patricia
Published: July 2024

This paper is an overview of anti-money laundering and business ethics in both the Caribbean and Latin and South America. Unfortunately, due to limited resources for areas such as technology and training, regulatory standards (or the lack of them) contributes consistently across these regions to the lack of enforcement when it comes to money laundering and financial crime generally. The biggest contributor identified by many is corruption and the influence that political positions, law enforcement or influential individuals can make when it comes to enforcing any financial laws that are broken. There are the obvious consequences that occur when it comes to not having regulatory banking regulations enforced by the government, which leads to a vicious cycle. This includes a negative impact on the overall economy of each country, a lack of trust in the financial industry and fear of those that are involved in the corruption, which can include political figures and law enforcement officers. The lack of technology or not having due processes and procedures in place can be just as important as the influence of corruption. If the financial institutions do not have monitoring systems in place to identify high risk customers, politically exposed individuals and high risk transactions, it is as detrimental as any other contributor to money laundering and financial crime.
Mitigating cyber risks through information sharing
Authors: Korte Jeffrey
Published: July 2024

The financial services sector has come a long way since the days of handwritten receipts and volumes of general ledger books. Paper has been replaced by bytes of data residing in corporate PCs and data centre servers. Malicious actors no longer arrive through the front doors of a financial institution to steal; rather, they leverage technology to identify and exploit vulnerabilities to attack people and machines to steal confidential information and line their own pockets. The increase of cyber attacks and regulatory cyber security requirements, combined with the limited resources of smaller institutions has created an opportunity for such institutions to proactively remediate threats before they can do harm. This paper shows how information sharing among a community of nearly 7,000 participants has proven to be a vital component in an institution’s information security management system and can enable an institution to adhere to regulatory guidelines and strengthen the maturity of its cyber security programme.
Looking for grassroot sources of systemic risk
Authors: Vafopoulos Michalis
Published: July 2024

The global financial system has become highly connected and complex. It has been proved in practice that existing models, measures and reports of financial risk fail to capture some important systemic dimensions. Recently, advisory boards have been established at a high level, and regulations are being directly targeted at systemic risk. In the same direction, a growing number of researchers employ network analysis to model systemic risk in financial networks. Current approaches are concentrated on interbank payment network flows at national and international levels. This work builds on existing approaches to propose systemic risk assessment at the micro level. The proposed model (partially) captures the systemic aspect of credit risk of bank customers and argues that this part of risk is neglected in both credit scoring models and interbank systemic risk calculations. In particular, the analysis of intra-bank financial risk interconnections is introduced by examining the real case of a ‘receivables-as-collateral’ network. In the data set examined, an initial failure of five customers, representing 17 per cent of the network’s total value, results in the subsequent failure of 15 customers, representing 41 per cent of the total value. The author’s model could be complementary to existing credit scoring models that account for mainly idiosyncratic customers’ financial profiles. Private or public organisations could further elaborate the specification to include a wider range of parameters, such as transactions on contracts, assets and cash flows. Identification of the systemic risk could be beneficial for a business entity in assessing unexplored sources of risks in its portfolios of assets and customers. Understanding and modelling these ‘particles’ of risk could enable more realistic monitoring and the provision of early warning messages for market supervising bodies.
A new way of working: Case study of Siemens AG's collaborative work environment
Authors: Sluitner Zsolt , Kruklinski Michael
Published: July 2024

Siemens AG is a global technology company that has been operating for more than 165 years. The company is active worldwide, focusing on the areas of electrification, automation and digitalisation. Siemens AG is a producer of energy-efficient, resource-saving technologies, such as offshore wind-turbine construction, supplying combined cycle turbines for power generation, providing power transmission solutions as well as infrastructure solutions and automation, drive and software solutions for industry. At the end of September 2014, the company had around 357,000 employees worldwide. It is therefore important to maintain and further develop a high-quality work environment for Siemens’ employees. Such work environments are also critical to be attractive to the best talents of tomorrow. At Siemens, the new way of working is about creating a setting that enables employees to choose the best working environment based on the tasks at hand, while fostering a spirit of collaboration and inspiring them to perform at their fullest potential. Employees in the new environment enjoy a culture of trust, state-of-the-art IT and innovative office concepts, allowing space for creativity, collaboration and personal responsibility.
Customer relationship management with WeChat: How to apply analytics principles to social media in China
Authors: Ma Arnold
Published: July 2024

WeChat is by far the most important social communication platform in China, encompassing more than a billion daily active users across an entire ecosystem of touch points. It combines peer-to-peer messaging, online payments, business accounts, miniprograms, social sharing and business productivity. This presents great opportunities for brands looking to do business in China as well as serious challenges. This paper contextualises WeChat’s development from app to superapp since its launch in 2011. It looks at how the WeChat account itself is changing and what that this indicates about the average Chinese netizen. The paper then delineates the changes in WeChat and how marketing and sales people are leveraging them, including some of the most common tactics for conducting successful customer relationship management via WeChat. Finally, the paper discusses how WeChat is likely to develop in the coming years.
Metadata overhaul: Upgrading metadata in the University of Houston Digital Library
Authors: Thompson Santi , Wu Annie
Published: July 2024

This paper outlines the metadata audit/upgrade process conducted by members of the Metadata and Digitization Services Department at the University of Houston (UH) Libraries. It identifies key recommendations and highlights some of the new guidelines and workflows created for future UH Digital Library (UHDL) metadata creation. It is organised by the major steps in the upgrade process. First, the methodology used to gather data is discussed. Next, key recommendations are outlined. Strategies were formed for upgrading the legacy metadata in the UHDL. Details on these strategies follow a discussion on the recommendations. After the strategies, readers will find information on the new standard and workflow that was established to implement the recommendations into the future. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief discussion on the importance of maintaining metadata over time.
The case for a marketing content hub
Authors: De Ridder Tom , Pashuysen Tim
Published: July 2024

Marketing technologies projects often get labelled as digital asset management (DAM) even when the project’s scope or business case make only a glancing reference to DAM. This can lead to a false start and in the worst case money and momentum lost. This paper investigates the larger context and challenges a lot of organisations are currently dealing with and how the real scope of their challenge is different from or wider than DAM. The main angles covered include the aggregation of marketing content to build a 360° interaction from the perspective of the marketer; creative project management and collaboration tools to empower marketing teams; and setting up a dialogue with the marketing community. The authors pitch the concept of a marketing content hub as the embodiment of this 360° interaction and define the blueprint of the matching business case. This business case for a marketing content hub takes the traditional one for a DAM system as a baseline, but adds elements that capture more of the strategic value that commonly remain unaccounted for. The opportunities for the marketing department to add value and become part of the solution are discussed as well as the arguments that can motivate the different stakeholders to embark on this endeavour.
A crisis management standard: Who needs it?
Authors: Power Peter
Published: July 2024

The British Standards Institute has formed a Crisis Management Steering Group, sponsored by the UK Cabinet Office through its education arm, the Emergency Planning College. Although BS25999 includes a distinct description of incident management, in places, the standard appears to use the terms ‘incident management team’ and ‘crisis management team’ almost interchangeably. This is not entirely surprising, given that the previous Crisis Management Working Group set up in 2005 was part of the then Publicly Available Specification 56, which ultimately led to BS25999. The Cabinet Office is working on a formula to distinguish incident management from crisis management as discrete activities. Broadly speaking, it is expected that the term ‘incident management’ will be applied to the very wide range of events that seldom (but still could) develop into crises, and that ‘crisis management’ will apply in the event of an actual crisis.
FinTech and payments regulation: An analytical framework
Authors: Khiaonarong Tanai , Goh Terry
Published: July 2024

This paper draws on recent international experiences in modernising legal and regulatory frameworks for payment services. It proposes an analytical framework based on a four-step process: (1) identifying payment activities; (2) licensing entities and designating systems; (3) analysing and managing risks, and (4) promoting legal certainty. The paper concludes that as payment activities evolve and potential systemic risks heighten, adherence to international standards and additional regulatory requirements are warranted.
Banking phishing: The case of Brazil
Authors: Brasil Beatriz Silveira , Campelo Karina Correia Figueiredo
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the role of phishing in the global cyberthreat scenario, especially with regard to Brazil, which has emerged as the country with the highest percentage of this type of attack. Specifically, it is relevant to the analysis of bank phishing, by which criminals, through the use of malware and social engineering, can capture bank data of thousands of users. They then steal money from bank accounts over the internet. In order to commit their crime, cybercriminals lure or use mules who receive stolen money into their bank accounts and then pass it on to the leaders of criminal groups. The methodology adopted was a bibliographic research and a case study on Operation ‘Android’, carried out by the Civil Police of Pará State, Brazil in 2009. The paper concludes that it is necessary for law enforcement agencies to adopt robust measures, which, along with more conscious security practices by users, may remove Brazil from the top of the ranking of countries with the highest percentage of phishing in the world.
Asset managers and withholding tax : Problems, options and best practices for asset managers on withholding tax processing
Authors: König Thomas , Schneider Daniel , Artmeier Manfred
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the critical role and complications surrounding withholding tax processing in the asset management industry. The paper first explores the substantial losses incurred by the industry due to a lack of proper attention and expertise in withholding tax matters, demonstrating the urgency of this issue. It then examines the current approach of relying predominantly on custodian banks for managing these issues, highlighting the shortcomings and risks inherent in this practice. The paper further investigates the current state of asset management companies, revealing their limited capabilities in managing withholding tax efficiently due to various factors including cost pressures, technological gaps and lack of awareness. To address these challenges, the paper proposes two primary options for asset managers: increased collaboration with tax advisers, and automation through software solutions. A detailed comparison is made on the pros and cons of these options. Collaborating with tax consultants, while beneficial in many ways, might fall short due to the complexity and volume of the withholding tax challenges. On the other hand, automation can provide significant benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy, scalability, compliance and cost-effectiveness, although challenges related to implementation and integration exist. The paper concludes with a checklist of critical success factors for selecting, implementing and operating withholding tax processing software, providing practical guidance for asset management companies seeking to improve their handling of withholding tax matters. These findings underline the importance of a proactive approach and the necessity for asset managers to explore the potential of technology-based solutions in this crucial area.
Boosting pay-per-click performance by combining search and social audience data
Authors: Wood Ben
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of the targeting options available to advertisers across both search and social, specifically focusing on the major players in each channel – Google and Facebook. It outlines how the targeting options available to advertisers on social platforms can be enticing due to the vast amounts of demographic information the networks hold on their user base. The paper goes on to detail how advertisers can cross-pollinate potential customers on both search and social to build heightened awareness and maximise return on their advertising spend.
Analysis of waiting times in the baggage claim area of an airport passenger terminal
Authors: Falcão Viviane Adriano , Correia Anderson Ribeiro
Published: July 2024

The development of level-of-service measures has been a major issue for airport operators worldwide. Research on the quality of airport passenger terminal services is being performed to reduce costs, redirect investment and increase the level of customer satisfaction. The main objective of this research is to develop standard waiting-time measures for luggage in airport baggage claim areas according to user perceptions. The present study applied psychometrical scaling theory using the method of successive categories to provide causal relationships between passenger perceptions and waiting times in baggage claim areas. Finally, the level-of-service standards proposed for Brazilian airports were compared with a similar airport in Canada. The results indicated that Brazilian passengers are slightly more demanding than Canadian passengers and those passengers in Fortaleza are the most demanding of the studied Brazilian airports.
Papers The ten-year evolution of CLS: Enhancing financial stability and mitigating foreign exchange settlement risk
Authors: Hartsink Gerard
Published: July 2024

Foreign exchange (FX) is the world’s most global and liquid asset class, with its efficiency as a market derived in part from the effective management of risk. Within this broad category, it is settlement risk that is the most significant risk faced by the FX industry, the same specific concern that led directly to the creation of CLS in 2002. Over the last ten years, CLS has seen a significant change in terms of what the market requires of it. Arguably, this is most visible in the FX volumes that CLS settles, the number of members and currencies, and the rise in third-party participation. CLS now has 63 Settlement Members, and settles in 17 currencies, compared with 39 Settlement Members and seven currencies at launch. Since the 2008 financial crisis, third-party participation in CLS has expanded: it now has more than 9,000 active third parties. At launch, CLS planned for daily settlement volumes of 45,000; in January 2013, it saw a record volume of nearly 2.6 million instructions settled in a day. CLS is an example of how financial market participants have cooperated to mitigate settlement risk in the FX market, with the result that it settles on average between US$4.5 and 5 trillion every working day.
Real-time energy monitoring for office buildings: No more wasting money on wasted energy
Authors: Palm Chuck , Matthews J.B.
Published: July 2024

Real-time energy monitoring is an exciting new technology that allows instantaneous feedback on energy usage at a property. This paper highlights how this programme can be used to drive energy savings through operational efficiencies, illustrating how a reader could implement a similar programme and using ConAgra Foods as a case study.
Feel-good marketing: Understanding autonomous sensory meridian response and its online audience
Authors: Adams Arianne
Published: July 2024

With autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) technologies being increasingly adopted to target audiences aged 18–25 years old — consumers with significant current and future buying power — there is an opportunity for marketers to incorporate such technology into their marketing strategies in order to showcase their brands and products from a sensory perspective, and evoke pleasurable sensory responses among their customers. By utilising ASMR in this manner, marketers can create stimuli that induce pleasant feelings, build brand favourability and subconsciously embed brand messages in the minds of potential customers. This paper identifies useful strategies for incorporating ASMR technologies in a relatively simple and cost-effective manner. It explores tactics such as non-disruptive advertising on popular ASMR channels, partnerships with popular ASMR influencers, providing products for video shoots, and embedding ASMR triggers in commercial advertisements to impact audiences at a subconscious level.
Direct overseas listing of Chinese enterprises: A clear regulatory framework and explicit regulatory requirements are needed
Authors: Yi Liu
Published: July 2024

With the practice of direct overseas listing of Chinese enterprises, a regulatory system based on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Company Law (1993) and constituted by the relevant regulations, rules and other regulatory documents has gradually been established and constantly improved. Under the new landscape, Chinese enterprises have provided the main part of listing resources for some overseas stock exchanges. However, there exist a lot of problems in China’s domestic regulation, which could be substantial obstacles for direct overseas listing of Chinese enterprises. In order to protect China’s national economic security and the general interests, and ensure the compliant oper­ation of H-share companies, it is necessary to regulate direct overseas listing to a certain extent. However, the exercise of domestic regulatory power shall be self-restrictive and respect the functions of market force. As such, there is a pressing need to refine the regulatory framework, clarify the regulatory standards, and improve the regulatory efficiency and increase the transparency of regulatory process.
Principles for effective automation in post-trade processing: Part 2 — thought experiments for friction-free trade processing
Authors: Walker Martin C.W.
Published: July 2024

This is the second of a two-part series. Part 1 published in an earlier issue of this journal described a model for gathering the data needed to understand how well automation was working in trade processing and where to focus investment on. Collecting the right type of data in a cost-effective way is essential to understanding which problems to focus on and also measuring the success of solutions put in place. Is it possible, however, to start with a clean slate where most sources of friction and complexity in trade processing simply cannot exist? This paper defines two models for trade processing that seek to eliminate the core sources of problems in three areas: trade capture, including trade enrichment; creating and maintaining consensus on the details of a trade; and correctly and consistently generating the trade events that come after execution, including those related to settlement. The first model, ‘T-Instant’, is based on creating a completely centralised and vertically integrated utility for trading, trade processing and issuance of securities. The second is a more distributed model called the ‘Continuous Consensus Model’ where parties to a trade can agree on a data model and data processing model that are combined with the ‘pairing’ rather than the matching of trades. This model allows for the continuous real-time identification of differences and also the sharing of data to help with a consistent view of a trade between all parties involved.
Unboxing the trend: Understanding why children watch unboxing videos on YouTube
Authors: Treviño Teresa
Published: July 2024

This study aims to understand the phenomenon of unboxing videos that are especially popular within the children’s segment of online media. It contributes to the extant literature by probing why children consume unboxing videos and by elucidating the perceptions generated by their viewing. The study takes a qualitative approach to comprehend this phenomenon. To this end, 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with children aged between 8 and 12. Analysis of these interviews suggests that children are motivated by entertainment, information seeking, curiosity and social influence when they consume the content of unboxing videos. The outcomes of the study bolster the scholarly discourse on children and social media usage by illuminating particular aspects of this rising trend in the online habits of youngsters. Further, the results may also help marketers to create unboxing videos that effectively deliver the satisfaction sought by children who consume such media content. Finally, this study adds to the extant literature on children and social media through its intensive attention on one aspect of their online interests and practices.