bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening Communities
Authors: Chang Jing Jing
Published: September 2019

Screening Communities uses multi-media archival sources, including government archives, memoirs, fan magazines, newspaper reports, and films to narrate the complexity of social change and political turmoil, both screened and lived, in postwar Hong Kong. In particular, Screening Communities explores the political, ideological, and cultural work of Hong Kong film culture and its role in the building of a postwar Hong Kong community during the 1950s and 1960s, which was as much defined by lived experiences as by a cinematic construction, forged through negotiations between narratives of empire, nation, and the Cold War in and beyond Hong Kong. As such, in order to appreciate the complex formation of colonial Hong Kong society, Screening Communities situates the analysis of the “poetics” of postwar Hong Kong film culture within the larger global processes of colonialism, nationalism, industrialization, and Cold War. It argues that postwar Hong Kong cinema is a three-pronged process of “screening community” that takes into account the factors of colonial governance, filmic expression of left-leaning Cantonese filmmakers, and the social makeup of audiences as discursive agents. Through a close study of genre conventions, characterization, and modes of filmic narration across select Cantonese films and government documentaries, I contend that 1950s and 1960s Hong Kong cinema, broadly construed, became a site par excellence for the construction and translation (on the ground and onscreen) of a postwar Hong Kong community, whose context was continually shifting—at once indigenous and hybrid, postcolonial and global.
Biplanes at War
Authors: Johnson Wray R.
Published: September 2019

This book is an in-depth exploration of the experience of the US Marine Corps during the so-called small wars era, 1915–1934, with an emphasis on the marines’ employment of aviation. The introduction to the book provides a brief history of the Marine Corps up to World War I, an explanation of small wars as a concept, and terms and definitions. The chapters are chronological, addressing the origins of Marine Corps aviation prior to and during American involvement in World War I and the Marine Corps’ interventions in Haiti, the Dominican Republic, northern China, and Nicaragua. The chapters explore the development of tactics, techniques, and procedures in the employment of aircraft during interventional operations; the evolution of aviation technology, including engine technology; and what the marines accomplished, failed to accomplish, and learned about the employment of aviation in combat against guerrillas and other irregulars. The conclusion addresses why it all matters in terms of the present (today, small wars are more commonly referred to as irregular warfare) and the future. The book includes numerous photographs never published before, as well as maps, appendices, and an extensive bibliography.
Foreign Friends
Authors: Fields David P.
Published: September 2019

This book examines how Syngman Rhee and the Korean independence movement used the rhetoric of American exceptionalism to lobby the U.S. government and the American public for support between 1905 and 1945. Alleging that Theodore Roosevelt violated the 1882 Korean-American Treaty when he tacitly supported the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1905, Rhee argued that Germany was not the only nation guilty of regarding treaties as “mere scraps of paper” and exhorted Americans to right this historical wrong by supporting Korean independence. He argued that doing so would prove Americans were the exceptional people many of them believed themselves to be.
Rhee’s message gained credibility, not only because the concept of American exceptionalism resonated with Americans, but also because at various junctures certain Americans found the Korean cause useful. During the fight over the Versailles Treaty, the so-called Irreconcilable senators used the Korean issue to criticize President Wilson and to deflect the charge that they were isolationists. During the denouement of World War II, anticommunist politicians and civic organizations argued that Korea must not be abandoned to communism and that the United States’ treatment of Korea would be a test of American resolve in establishing a new rules-based order. The publicity Korea received from these and other episodes transformed Korea into an issue that could not be ignored in the postwar period. The irony and tragedy of Rhee’s efforts is that not only did they fail to regain Korea’s independence, but they directly contributed to the decision to divide Korea—an outcome he never foresaw or supported.
Pop Culture and the Dark Side of the American Dream
Authors: Cantor Paul A.
Published: September 2019

What is the American dream, and why has it proven so elusive for many people? By examining popular culture’s portrayal of the dark side of the American dream, this book seeks to answer these questions. Only when we see people fail in their pursuit of the American dream do we begin to understand its limitations and its inner contradictions.
This book explores five representative examples of the American dream gone awry: (1) Huckleberry Finn; (2) the films of W. C. Fields; (3) the Godfather films;(4) Breaking Bad; and (5) The Walking Dead (and other “end-of-the-world” narratives). As these cases suggest, America, as the fresh-start nation, always threatens to become the land of the false start. America gives its people the freedom to reinvent themselves, but that easily turns into a license to imposture. The American ideal of the self-made man is shadowed by the specter of the con man, and the line between legitimate business and criminal activity sometimes becomes hard to draw clearly.
Although the American dream is to achieve success in both family and business, the Godfather films and Breaking Bad show these goals tragically at odds. With its Hollywood endings, American popular culture is often thought to be naively optimistic; this book demonstrates that film and television creators have been capable of raising thoughtful questions about the validity and viability of the American dream, thus deepening our understanding of America itself.
Herbert Marcuse and "False Needs"
Authors: Cutts Joshua ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: September 2019

Herbert Marcuse’s claim that people may have superimposed “false needs” (vs. authentic “true needs”) has been criticized by a number of commentators. These critics argue that if all human needs are sociohistorically conditioned, as Marcuse believes, this effectively means that all needs are superimposed on us, and are thus, “false.” I defend Marcuse’s distinction by drawing attention to his expressed definition of false needs as those which perpetuate harm upon satisfaction. Marcuse’s distinction between true and false needs is not a reiteration of the distinction between needs and wants, as his critics claim, but is rather a recognition that in our society, we are forced to need things that ultimately do not lead to our individual (or collective) benefit.
Species turnover between the northern and southern part of the South China Sea in the Elaphropeza Macquart mangrove fly communities of Hong Kong and Singapore (Insecta: Diptera: Hybotidae)
Authors: Grootaert Patrick
Published: September 2019

A recent survey of the mangroves around Hong Kong revealed the presence of seven species of the genus Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827. All belong to a group of yellow species that occur exclusively in mangroves. Three species were previously known: Elaphropeza calcarifera Bezzi, 1912 and E. xanthocephala Bezzi, 1912, both from Taiwan, and E. riatanae Shamshev & Grootaert, 2007 from Singapore. Four species are new to science: Elaphropeza furcatella sp. nov., E. guenardi sp. nov., E. hongkongensis sp. nov. and E. hongshulin sp. nov. All seven species are described or an extended diagnosis is provided. All species are figured and NGS barcodes are made available. A key is given for the Hong Kong species and their siblings from Singapore and Taiwan. Remarkable is that five of the seven species are more or less closely related to species occurring in Singapore. Genetic distances and morphologic differences are congruent. The species turnover between the northern part and the southern part of the South China Sea is high, with only one of the seven species present in both regions.
A ‘delirium tremens’: Italian-language film versions and early dubbings by Paramount, MGM, and Fox (1930–3)
Authors: Keating Carla Mereu
Published: September 2019

This chapter sheds new light on the strategies that Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and Fox developed in the early 1930s to target the Italian-speaking market. It documents how the Italian government, local film traders, and the press responded to the majors’ Italian-language production during a critical turning point for the national film industry. The chapter draws on a range of historical records (diplomatic, censorship and administrative state documents, film prints, press reviews, and other publicity materials) from Italian and North-American archives. The findings show that the majors’ experiments with Italian dubbing and versioning were not always successful and elicited ambivalent responses in Italy; the findings also demonstrate the gradual emergence of dubbing as the most commercially viable solution for both the US majors and the Italian establishment. Incongruities in the archival records, and the scarcity of surviving film prints, pose interpretative problems and call for further empirical research in the field.
Sensory Substitution and the Challenge of Acclimatization
Authors: Noordhof Paul
Published: September 2019

I defend a refined characterization of sensory substitution that allows for its existence while denying that the substituting sense plus sensory substitution device is always appropriately classified as the substituted sense. Accepting that there are genuine cases of sensory substitution of this kind implies that acclimatization to a sensory substitution device may provide presentations of properties. Externalist accounts of experience together with objectivist characterizations of such properties have the upshot that properties putatively proprietary to a sense modality can be presented in another modality in cases of substitution. I consider three objections to this argument. I close by explaining how reflection on the phenomena of sensory substitution and, in particular, acclimatization is important for the development of any kind of representationalist or relationist theory of phenomenal properties or, at the very least, suggests we need to refine the idea of certain properties—rather than particular ways in which their presentation is bundled together—being proprietary to the particular senses.
Limits of the Classical Functionalist Perspective on Sensory Substitution
Authors: Ptito Maurice , Iversen Katrine , Auvray Malika , Deroy Ophelia , Kupers Ron
Published: September 2019

The tongue display unit (TDU) is a sensory substitution device that translates visual images into electrotactile stimulation that is transmitted to the tongue and leads to new perceptual skills following training. Trained users, including blind individuals, become capable of orientation discrimination, motion detection, shape recognition and they can also successfully use the TDU to navigate in an environment, locate objects and avoid obstacles. Many studies and discussions have focused on the effects of training at the behavioural level, and assumed that the effects shown in training blindfolded sighted individuals are similar to those observed in blind people. In doing so, we argue that behavioural research on sensory substitution shows a functionalist bias. Functionalism claims that mental processes can be individuated by their characteristic inputs and outputs, and that the physical realization of a given function introduces no relevant difference, as long as the function is the same. We emphasize here why this assumption biases the interpretation of sensory substitution devices.
Sensory Substitution Devices as Advanced Sensory Tools
Authors: Wright Thomas D. , Ward Jamie
Published: September 2019

There has been considerable effort devoted towards understanding sensory substitution devices in terms of their relationship to canonical sensory modalities. The approach taken in this essay is rather different, although complementary, in that we seek to define a broad conceptual space of ‘sensory tools’ in which sensory substitution devices can be situated. Such devices range from telescopes, to cochlear implants, to attempts to create a magnetic sense. One feature of these devices is that they operate at the level of ‘raw’ sensory information. As such, systems such as Braille which operate at a symbolic/conceptual level do not count as a sensory tool (or a sensory substitution device) and nor would a device such as CCTV which, although capturing raw sensory information, would not meet a conventional definition of a tool. With this approach, we hope to avoid the circularity inherent in previous attempts at defining sensory substitution and provide a better starting point to explore the effects of sensory tools, more generally, on the functioning of the nervous system.
The Role of Noetic Feelings in Sensory Substitution
Authors: Dokic Jérôme
Published: September 2019

A central issue in the study of sensory substitution devices is whether and to what extent the original source of knowledge about the world that they seem to enable substitutes for ordinary perception. I argue that this issue divides into two sub-issues, which concern respectively the sensory and the affective aspects of the phenomenology of perception. The sensory aspect determines the representational contents of experience, while the affective aspect is constituted by noetic feelings such as familiarity and presence. A pessimistic view may be formulated according to which neither familiarity nor presence can be reproduced in sensory substitution. There are important phenomenological differences between ordinary perception and sensory substitution due to the massively parallel architecture of the former. However, drawing on a discussion of Capgras syndrome and derealization disorder, I show that we also enjoy higher-level, post-perceptual feelings of familiarity and presence. In the last part of the essay, I draw on the psychological literature on metacognition and sketch a fluency-based account of both these feelings, which leads to a more optimistic view about whether they can be enjoyed by trained users of sensory substitution devices.
Introduction
Authors: Everson Jane E. , Hiscock Andrew , Jossa Stefano
Published: September 2019

The introduction presents the Orlando Furioso, tracing briefly its gestation and identifying its major themes and concerns – love, war, moral, social and ethical issues. It assesses the importance of the first edition, published in 1516, and discusses its continuing presence in the subsequent versions of the poem, and hence its influence on later adaptations and reactions to Ariosto’s poem. The chapter introduces the four principal sections of the volume – the Furioso in the visual arts; from the Elizabethan period to the Enlightenment; from Gothic to Romantic; and text and translation in the modern era. In presenting each of these, the introduction surveys the wider cultural contexts for the reception and influence of the Furioso in art, literature and music, the varying critical responses displayed over the centuries to Ariosto’s poem, and the myriad ways in which creative writers, artists and musicians in the English-speaking world have mined the Furioso as a never-ending source of inspiration.
Lessons in Madness
Authors: Carter Tim
Published: September 2019

Orlando Furioso had a life in the European imagination well beyond the poem itself, and ranging from the visual arts to the operatic stage. Over a hundred operas based on it were composed between 1619 and 1924, and they tell us a great deal not only about the reception of Orlando Furioso across time and space, but also as regards the contribution of a particularly ‘mad’ genre to issues that variously dominated particular political, social, and cultural contexts. The settings of Orlando, Ariodante, and Alcina by George Frideric Handel, composed for London in the early 1730s, provide good examples: they reveal the fashion in England for matters Turkish (seen also in the architecture of Vauxhall Gardens), as well as emerging notions of the nature of madness and of the ways in which it might be treated.
Antonio Panizzi, Textual Editor of Ariosto
Authors: Dorigatti Marco
Published: September 2019

Today Antonio Panizzi is remembered mostly for his edition of Orlando innamorato, which restored Boiardo’s original text after a period of oblivion lasting nearly 300 years. His initial intention, however, was to publish an edition of Ariosto’s poem. But since he believed (as did Tasso before him) that the two poems formed a single, indivisible work, he came to realize that an edition of Ariosto’s work would not be complete without also incorporating that of his predecessor. As a result, his monumental edition – the only one of its kind – spans nine volumes published over four years (1830–4). Although ample attention has been given to the Boiardo side, the story of the Ariosto four-volume edition, which appeared in 1834, has never been told, and so the present study aims to fill this gap by chronicling its making and setting its achievement within the wider context of the Ariosto editorial tradition.
Close Encounters of the Verse Kind: On Meeting Tony Harrison
Authors: Armitage Simon
Published: September 2019

In a personal and anecdotal chapter, Simon Armitage reflects on a number of encounters with the poetry of Tony Harrison and with Harrison himself. Armitage locates in Harrison's approach to writing a poetry that is "communicative, clear, local, but at the same time crafted, literary, and universal", a poetry at odds with and in defiance of the prevailing post-modern aesthetic of difficulty and obscurity. He celebrates Harrison's poetic autonomy which he associates with the poet's life outside academia, allowing Harrison see himself as a 'poet of the people', despite his scholarly intelligence and his life-long immersion in classical literature.
Lost in the Original: Tony Harrison as a Classicist Poet
Authors: Balmer Josephine
Published: September 2019

How does a classical education benefit a contemporary poet and how might it impede their creative development? Tony Harrison’s engagement with classical literature is wide-ranging and diverse. He has translated many classical texts, both Greek and Latin, from Sophocles through Palladas to Martial. In addition, his own poetry is steeped in classical reference and reception, always ironically underscoring the paradox of a working-class scholar’s alienation from both the classical academy and his own class and family. Yet, as Josephine Balmer argues, these ‘divided voices’ are precisely what inform and elevate Harrison’s exceptional art as a classical translator, a form which thrives on ambiguity and slippage. Furthermore, his unparalleled skill in reversioning and reinterpretating canonical texts has led, in turn, to the maturity and confidence of his later collections, such as Laureate’s Block (2000) and Under the Clock (2005), bridging the gaps of time, class and memory. If Harrison’s dramatic works, such as The Trackers of Oxyrynchus, reveal how easily literary culture might be destroyed, then his poetry celebrates how, among the loss, there will always be gain.
The Early Years at the National Theatre: Harrison’s Molière and Racine
Authors: Marshall Hallie
Published: September 2019

While Tony Harrison’s career as a poet was perhaps inevitable by the early 1970s with the publication of his award winning volume The Loiners (1970), this chapter argues that it was not a given that a significant portion of Harrison’s poetic output would be for the stage, nor that the British Theatre would readily welcome a contemporary poet writing verse plays. I argue that Harrison’s career in the theatre was fostered by his early commissions from the National Theatre and the collaborators he worked with in those early years, especially director John Dexter. Their work together on Harrison’s translations/adaptations of two seventeenth-century French plays—Molière’s Le Misanthrope (1666) and Racine’s Phèdre (1677), staged as The Misanthrope (1973) and Phaedra Britannica (1975)—allowed Harrison to bring to bear on his theatrical translations for the modern stage the ideas that he had been exploring in his doctoral thesis on Vergil and translation. Moreover, the close involvement of Harrison from commission to production served to reinforce his belief that writing for the stage and the page are very different things, with theatrical texts needing to facilitate a three dimensional performance. This would shape the nature of Harrison’s dramatic verse for decades to come. The success of The Misanthrope, which critics praised for the brilliance of its translation, was essential in establishing the claim of contemporary poets to a place on the modern British stage.
Aigeai and Pella: A Tale of Two Cities in Macedonia
Authors: Hatzopoulos Miltiades
Published: September 2019

The recent publication of the second fascicle of the Greek and Latin Inscriptions of Lower Macedonia (Ἐπιγραφὲς Κάτω Μακεδονίας‎) now offers us the opportunity to compare the onomastic profile of the two “capitals” of the Macedonian kingdom, Aigeai and Pella, during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The fact that both enjoyed royal patronage as seats of government until the middle of the second century B.C. and that both were devastated by the Romans at the same date makes the comparison of their respective onomastic material all the more pertinent. Whereas the names of the 98 citizens of Aigeai whose identity has been sufficiently preserved reveal the conservative leanings of their cultural environment, the more than twice that number (228) of citizens of Pella whose names have come down to us attest the cosmopolitan character of their city. This cultural divergence reflects the economic and social difference between a rural borough comprising several settlements and catering to the needs of the court and a great Mediterranean metropolis open to overseas commerce and rivalling Alexandria and Antioch.
New Identities in the Greco-Roman East: Cultural and Legal Implications of the Use of Roman Names
Authors: Rizakis Athanasios
Published: September 2019

The familiarisation of the Greeks with Roman onomastics went through many phases and variations in space and time. Initially they used the Roman naming system correctly in official documents, but in many private documents Romans are named ‘� la grecque’, either solely by their praenomen or in combination with their father’s name, frequently a praenomen, both transcribed in Greek. Such interchange between conventions also occurs with novi cives, who are named either according to the Roman or the Greek formula or with a combination of the two denominations. The reductive form of naming Roman citizens decreased after Sulla and particularly during the Empire. In contrast, the use of fashionable Roman names by the Greeks, either as individual names or patronymics or both -in different combinations and variations- became common, reaching its peak in the second and particularly the third centuries AD.
SHARPENING METHODS FOR LOW-CONTRAST IMAGES BASED ON NONLOCAL DIFFERENCES
Authors: CHEN YAN , ZHANG QUAN , GUI ZHIGUO
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT:
Various phenomena, such as quantum noise and scattering, existing in the industrial X-ray imaging process, and structural complexity of the measured workpiece resulted in low-contrast and blurry industrial X-ray images, which caused interference to the X-ray image analysis. This study proposed an improved adaptive sharpening algorithm to enhance the contrast and quality of X-ray images. Image pixels and the neighborhood established a nonlocal feature relationship through nonlocal filtering model on the basis of the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) model. The structural similarity of block-based pixels within the search window area was calculated. The improved weight was combined with image sharpening with high-enhancement results. The edge-preserving ability of the algorithm was verified through image tests. Finally, the proposed algorithm contributed to improving the quality of the contrast of industrial X-ray images through simulation experiments. Results demonstrate that features in the neighborhood based on nonlocal differences reflect rich details of images. The X-ray images sharpened with the proposed algorithm are characterized with excellent visual effects and rich details, with information entropy (IE) values of 2.1464, 4.2453, and 3.7283 and structural similarities of 0.9521, 0.9238, and 0.9534. The weights calculated by SSIM indicate that a high similarity in structure exists between the sharpened image and the original one. Images processed by the sharpening algorithm based on nonlocal differences present prominent details while effectively maintaining the objective parameter values. This study provides references to improve the quality of low-contrast images.

Key words: nonlocal, SSIM (structural similarity index measure), sharpening, low contrast
Au-delà du soutien à l’emploi dans le service de placement de l’assurance-invalidité suisse : le cas de l’intrusion dans la vie privée et de l’accompagnement social
Authors: Antonin-Tattini Véronique , Gaspoz Véronique
Published: September 2019

À partir d’une approche pragmatique et d’un matériau constitué notamment d’entretiens et d’observations avec des professionnels du placement dans un organisme cantonal de l’assurance-invalidité en Suisse, cet article aborde leur prise en compte, dans l’espace de l’entretien avec des assurés atteints dans leur santé, d’éléments non prescrits par le dispositif légal allant au-delà du seul soutien à l’emploi prévu par la mesure de placement. Les éléments mobilisés ont trait d’un côté à des questions sur la vie privée des assurés et, de l’autre, à l’offre d’un accompagnement de type social pour les aider à surmonter les divers problèmes qu’ils peuvent rencontrer au-delà de l’emploi. Les premiers éléments seront examinés à l’aune de l’intrusion dans la vie privée des assurés et des cadres légaux destinés à protéger les données personnelles et le second, en évaluant la pertinence de prévoir une formation en travail social pour les professionnels du placement issus d’autres métiers.
The Bond women
Authors: Hines Claire
Published: September 2019

This chapter continues with the theme of consumerism in the Playboy–Bond connection by examining the representation of women and the role of sexuality in the lifestyle fantasy via its relationship to commodification. The chapter observes that the Playmate and the Bond girl share common characteristics, and it examines Playboy’s coverage of the women of the early Bond films by closely analysing the November 1965 ‘James Bond’s Girls’ pictorial. As the first of many Playboy pictorials to accompany the Bond films, the presentation of ‘James Bond’s Girls’ serves as an instructive case study for many of the issues and debates over female objectification and sexual liberation. The chapter ends its analysis of these representations of women in Playboy and Bond by relating them to the requirements of male sexuality and the playboy ideal.
Breaking the chains of ethnic identity: Faïza Guène, Saphia Azzeddine, and Nadia Bouzid, or the birth of a new Maghrebi-French women’s literature
Authors: Saveau Patrick
Published: September 2019

This chapter demonstrates how the media representation of immigration in France is at odds with the recent production of literary works by French authors of Maghrebi origins. Referring to novels by Faïza Guène (Les gens du Balto), Saphia Azzeddine (La Mecque-Phuket), and Nadia Bouzid (Quand Beretta est morte), it shows how the concerns of the “first” and “second” generation of immigrants are a thing of the past, as these writers choose to deconstruct the usual discourse about Maghrebi-French people, inscribe their narrative in different literary traditions, and assert their place in Literature.
From daughter to mother, from sister to brother: building identities in Faïza Guène’s novels
Authors: Matu Florina
Published: September 2019

This essay examines Faïza Guène’s novels and traces the evolution of themes of identity formation and gender construction as they are narrated and developed in each work. It emphasizes Guène’s determination to reject stereotypes associated with the Maghrebi-French youth, and highlights her development as a writer over the past ten years, as well as her shift in thematic interest. Throughout her novels, a visible progression emerges in the construction of her characters, whose behaviors are symbolic of the transformations of French society. Not only do the protagonists take risks, in order to empower themselves and their loved ones but they also cast a critical look upon society, as they realize the need to fight against prejudices.
Beur and banlieue television comedies: new perspectives on immigration
Authors: Fache Caroline
Published: September 2019

This article analyzes Fortunes and Aïcha, two TV series respectively directed by Stéphane Meunier and Yamina Benguigui. It examines the implications of bringing immigration to the masses through the comedy genre and argues that minorities are going through a process of increased visibility, acceptance, and integration on the mass media landscape. However, this study remains critical since it also considers the conundrum of entertaining audiences with comedies based on immigration while offering a realistic, modern, yet non-stereotypical image of the immigrant.
Representations of the harkis in contemporary French-language films
Authors: Ireland Susan
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines portrayals of the harkis in French-language films depicting the Algerian war of independence and focuses in particular on those produced since 2000. The first years of the 2000s, which have been described as a turning point in the production of films on the war, saw the release of a significant number of fiction films on the conflict and its aftermath, including Philippe Faucon’s La Trahison (2006), Laurent Herbier’s Mon colonel (2007), Medhi Charef’s Cartouches gauloises (2007), Florent-Emilio Siri’s L’Ennemi intime (2007), and Alain Tasma’s Harkis (2006). While most of the films are set in Algeria and portray the circumstances that led to the harkis’ uprooting from their homeland, Tasma’s Harkis focuses on their experience of immigration in France. Taken together, they shed light on the trans-Mediterranean dimension of the harkis’ lives and identity and illustrate the painful consequences of their deracination
Harragas in Mediterranean illiterature and cinema
Authors: Abderrezak Hakim
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines literary and cinematic representations of unauthorized migrations across the Mediterranean Sea. Illiterature encompasses the body of work that tackles clandestine crossings and strives to document the undocumented. Of the three general characteristics of illiterature, which include a male-dominated sub-genre (il-literature) and the depiction of Europe as a Fortress (île-literature), the present essay focuses on the symbolism of sickness (ill-literature). It addresses the responsibility of smugglers and Islamist networks in leave-taking. Hakim Abderrezak scrutinizes nicknames and naming in illiterature and Mediterranean cinema. Paying close attention to the handling of trans-Mediterranean crossings by mass media, conservative political discourse and anti-immigration policies, to which these fictions often seek to provide an alternative narrative, the chapter explores two novels, Ben Jelloun’s Leaving Tangier and Mohamed Teriah’s Les “Harragas” ou Les Barques de la mort, and two cinematic works, Merzak Allouache’s Harragas and Mohsen Melliti’s Io, l’altro. The analysis investigates the ongoing ex-centricity of migrations to Europe, suggesting that the Mediterranean Sea has been transformed into a mass grave --a seametery -- and that the post-9/11 hegemonic discourse, isolationist politics and the widespread conflation of migration and terrorism all participate in this genocide.
The apotheosis of Nelson in the National Gallery of Naval Art
Authors: Robinson Cicely
Published: September 2019

The National Gallery of Naval Art was situated within the Painted Hall at Greenwich Hospital from 1824 until 1936. This collection of British naval paintings, sculptures and curiosities was the first ‘national’ collection to be acquired and exhibited for the general public, preceding the foundation of the National Gallery by a matter of months. Installed in the wake of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the Naval Gallery, as it was more commonly known, was founded to ‘commemorate the splendid Services of the Royal Navy of England’. This paper explores how naval heroism was constructed and commemorated within the gallery space, particularly through the presentation of combat and the recognition of resulting injury, amputation or fatality. Nelson was represented at numerous points across the gallery space, providing us with the most thorough example of this heroic construct. Situated upon the same spot in the Painted Hall where the body had been laid in state in 1806, this site of naval veneration bordered on a quasi-religious mausoleum. This paper examines the role that the Naval Gallery played in the apotheosis of this national hero, establishing an initial commemorative prototype upon which a wider national Nelsonic mythology can be seen to have developed.
Naval heroism in the mid-Victorian family magazine
Authors: Korte Barbara
Published: September 2019

General-interest periodicals are a preeminent source for the study of popular views and major discursive formations around the navy. This chapter offers a cross-title analysis of some of the most widely read family magazines published between 1850 and 1880 (Chambers’s Journal, The Leisure Hour, Household Words and All the Year Round). They reveal the wider social and cultural context in which the mid-Victorian naval-heroic discourse was situated: issues of masculinity, class, a new professionalism, technological advancement and a qualified attitude towards heroes and heroism. The magazines’ depictions of the navy were not simply laudatory. Above all, they reflected concern that at a time when Britain was still the only world power, its navy appeared to have entered a post-heroic phase.
Background and legal framework
Authors: Thornton Tim , Carlton Katharine
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers definitions of illicit behaviour and bastardy during this period, and the ways in which they shape the sources available to us. It will commence with the theoretical legal position expounded by both ecclesiastical and secular jurisdictions. It describes the debates around annulment, separation and divorce. It considers the formal mechanisms through which behaviour was categorised and responded to, especially in the church courts, the ways these were extended in the sixteenth century, and the patterns of enforcement during the period, especially in the intense period of activity of the northern High Commission in the 1570s.
Conclusion
Authors: Thornton Tim , Carlton Katharine
Published: September 2019

Beginning by means of a case study linked to earlier discussion, on the life and career of Sir Rowland Stanley of Hooton and his illegitimate relationships and offspring, this chapter draws together the main themes of the book. It describes the important continuing culture around the keeping of mistresses and bastard-bearing in the north, shaped as it was (among other things) by the religious change of the period, efforts to reform manners, the instruments of government that were developed in large part to address elite immorality, and the growing influence of the Court.
Gestures and positions
Authors: Peterson Rick
Published: September 2019

This chapter begins by considering the history of interpretation of multi-stage burial practices in the Neolithic. These interpretations have contrasted secondary burials involving exposure and bone circulation with successive inhumation of bodies in a single location. Chronologies and temporalities of different styles of burial rites are considered. Various ethnographic discussions of collective and multi-stage burials are also introduced, including the important interpretive concept of the intermediary period in funerary rites. The chapter then goes on to discuss evidence which needs to be understood in any archaeological discussion of the intermediary period. This includes: the taphonomy of human decomposition; the differences between different burial environments; cave processes and their possible effects on burials.
Origins
Authors: Peterson Rick
Published: September 2019

This chapter considers whether cave burial in Britain starts in the Late Mesolithic or the Early Neolithic. It explores the evidence from cave and shell midden burial sites with early 4th millennium BC dates. There are examples from Western Scotland of similar burial rites at Late Mesolithic Cnoc Coig and Early Neolithic Carding Mill Bay. There are also different styles of Neolithic midden burial in rock shelters at Raschoille and An Corran. There were also a number of other possible midden burials in other part of Britain. Cave burial practice could be considered as evidence for continuity between the Late Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic in these regions. There are cave burials with early dates and these may provide indications of cave burial as a Late Mesolithic practice. However, it is more likely that these represent the very earliest manifestations of a ‘culturally’ Neolithic burial practice.
Deep time
Authors: Peterson Rick
Published: September 2019

This chapter reviews the more standardised cave burial practices which appear to have developed after around 3300 BC. All the burials from Middle Neolithic caves where a rite can be reconstructed were successive inhumations. At this date there is also a trend towards burial further into the cave system. This may point to the development of a burial rite which was specifically tied to the use of caves. By the Late Neolithic there were very low numbers of cave burials but there seems to have been a similar concern with placing burials deep in the cave systems. In both these periods the intermediary period seems to have become something which involved the agency of caves and dead bodies but not of living people. In the Beaker period there are also low numbers of burials but there seems to be both more input from living people and more similarity to other kinds of Beaker burial site.
Yet more banks are involved
Authors: McDonald Oonagh
Published: September 2019

This chapter sets out the ways in which other banks manipulated LIBOR, using the same techniques and for the same reasons. As the Final Notice to UBS makes clear, the methods used were due in large part to one trader moving from one bank to another, so that networks of contacts were established.
Gold and silver fixing
Authors: McDonald Oonagh
Published: September 2019

This chapter begins with short histories of the London gold and silver markets, including the development of the gold and silver fixes. After the breaking of the LIBOR and FX scandals, suspicions soon emerged that the gold and silver markets were also being rigged. Initial investigations by the CFTC found no evidence of this, but orders would later be issued against a number of figures, notably trader David Liew, and steps would be taken to protect the system from manipulation.
Sources and their frames
Authors: Dekavalla Marina
Published: September 2019

Chapter 4 focuses on the key actors who ran communication campaigns during the referendum, aiming to attract media attention for their views. It focuses particularly on the main Yes and No campaigns and the political parties that comprised them, as well as civil society organisations that did not support either outcome but still communicated to the media about issues they felt were significant in the debate. The chapter discusses the frames these participant actors promoted in the public debate. It is based on interviews with communication directors on both sides of the argument and representatives from impartial civil society organisations. It explores how different actors understood and defined what the referendum was about and how these understandings may be organized conceptually into different frames. It looks at similarities, differences and interactions between the frames that different actors proposed and explores whether different sides of the argument had ‘ownership’ over certain frames.
Edward Shils and Michael Polanyi: the terms of engagement
Authors: Mullins Phil
Published: September 2019

This essay examines the thirty-year personal and intellectual friendship of Edward Shils and Michael Polanyi. Shils identifies Polanyi as one of his three important mentors; he is aware of and often involved in many Polanyi projects after the mid-forties and absorbs elements of Polanyi’s developing post-critical philosophical perspective. Shils helped Polanyi better understand the social sciences and he was a trusted friend whose scholarly writing apparently inspired Polanyi; Shils was also a capable younger figure on whom Polanyi often relied to organize endeavours such as Polanyi’s long term affiliation with the University of Chicago.
Addressing the other woman
Authors: Lamm Kimberly
Published: September 2019

This book analyses how three artists – Adrian Piper, Nancy Spero, and Mary Kelly – worked with the visual dimensions of language in the 1960s and 1970s. These artists used text and images of writing to challenge female stereotypes, addressing viewers and asking them to participate in the project of imagining women beyond familiar words and images of subordination. The book explores this dimension of their work through the concept of ‘the other woman,’ a utopian wish to reach women and correspond with them across similarities and differences. To make the artwork’s aspirations more concrete, it places the artists in correspondence with three writers – Angela Davis, Valerie Solanas, and Laura Mulvey – who also addressed the limited range of images through which women are allowed to become visible.
Introduction: addressing the other woman
Authors: Lamm Kimberly
Published: September 2019

This chapter introduces the importance of text and images of writing for feminist art practices in the late 1960s and 1970s. Beginning with the 2008 exhibition WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution, it demonstrates that an engagement with language was a significant part of women artists’ efforts to resist the ways in which late-twentieth-century visual culture reinforces the idea that women should serve as the other of patriarchal culture. The introduction presents the three artists who are the focus of the book – Adrian Piper, Nancy Spero, and Mary Kelly – and argues that the ‘writerly’ qualities of the artwork they produced in the 1970s undermines the visual dominance of spectacle culture and the production of woman as a sign that represents passivity and sexual availability. The introduction also makes a case for pairing the artwork of Piper, Spero, and Kelly with the writings of Angela Davis, Valerie Solanas, and Laura Mulvey. In aligned historical contexts, these writers also addressed the limited range of images through which women were allowed to appear, and thereby suggest what it means to receive the artwork’s call to other women to collaborate on the project of creating a feminist imaginary.
Conclusion
Authors: Lamm Kimberly
Published: September 2019

The conclusion foregrounds the claim that the artists whose artwork is the focus of Addressing the other woman – Adrian Piper, Nancy Spero, and Mary Kelly – deployed texts and images of writing to create an address that calls to viewers and asks them to participate in the project of deconstructing the sign woman. The conclusion also underscores that this artwork not only attests to the attention women artists paid to visual and textual appearance language in the late 1960s and 1970s, but also suggests feminism’s wide and rich historical impact. The writings of Angela Davis, Valerie Solanas, and Laura Mulvey help to highlight this impact, as they provide detailed historical frames for seeing the artwork’s interventions. Pointing to the work of psychoanalyst Juliet Mitchell and feminism’s struggles against the longevity of patriarchy, this last chapter argues that the artists’ and writers’ shared attention to language underscores the possibility and difficulty of reconfiguring the sign woman in the linguistic structure of the patriarchal unconscious..
The Edwardian Jewish community and the First World War
Authors: Grizzard Nigel
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the Jewish community in Edwardian Leeds, by which time it was not just an immigrant community. The Aliens Act limited further mass migration and so the community grew naturally. It is shown how local institutions developed, such as synagogues and friendly societies. The chapter takes issue with the widespread belief, which underlay the 1917 anti-Semitic riots, that Jews were not contributing to the war effort. Numbers are provided of those Jews who served and died in the First World War. The importance of war memorials is stressed.
Zionism in Leeds 1892–1939
Authors: Douglas Janet
Published: September 2019

The chapter traces the development of Zionism among Leeds Jewry, taking inspiration from the work of Theodore Herzl. In many ways, Zionism acted as a unifying influence in what was often a fragmented community, particularly since support did not depend on the degree of religious orthodoxy. Zionism in Leeds received a great stimulus from the arrival of Selig Brodetsky, who became the main organiser and leader. The city also was inspired by the visits of Chaim Weizmann.
The unwalled ghetto: mobility and anti-Semitism in the interwar period
Authors: Bergen Amanda
Published: September 2019

The chapter covers the first phase of social mobility when large numbers move from the Leylands to Chapeltown, exemplified in the opening of the splendid New Synagogue in 1932. There was insidious anti-Semitism in the barriers placed in the professions of medicine and law and it was a tribute to the determination and talent of many Jews that they were able to surmount them. The Battle of Holbeck Moor is cited as an important statement of Jewish resistance to the Fascism of Oswald Mosley. The chapter identifies the retail and other businesses which developed, including the crucially important factory of Montague Burton.
Jewish heritage in Leeds
Authors: Kadish Sharman
Published: September 2019

This chapter provides the definitive account of all the synagogues established in Leeds from the 1840s to the present day. Many of these were related to the places of origin of the congregants and their multiplicity exemplified the fragmentation of the Leeds community. The various burial grounds are identified and their origins and ownership clarified. A distinctive feature of Leeds was the fact that the mikveh (ritual bath for females) was provided by the local authority as part of the municipal swimming/bathing provision.
Fellowship and philanthropy
Authors: Fraser Derek
Published: September 2019

In this chapter the importance of mutual aid and philanthropic endeavour are stressed as a means of community cohesion and as a counter to the fragmentation so characteristic of the Leeds community. As with many other activities, the fellowship bodies were often associated with place of origin, later replaced by national bodies, such as B’nai Brith. The 140-year history of the Board of Guardians, later the Welfare Board, is traced with stress on the desire of Leeds Jewry to look after its own poor. The changing role of charities is explained by reference to the increase in state welfare in the twentieth century