bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional convergence of biosphere–atmosphere interactions in response to meteorological conditions
Authors: Krich Christopher , Migliavacca Mirco , Miralles Diego G. , Kraemer Guido , El-Madany Tarek S. , Reichstein Markus , Runge Jakob , Mahecha Miguel D.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Understanding the dependencies of the terrestrial carbon and water cycle with meteorological conditions is a prerequisite to anticipate their behaviour under climate change conditions. However, terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere interact via a multitude of variables across temporal and spatial scales. Additionally these interactions might differ among vegetation types or climatic regions.
Today, novel algorithms aim to disentangle the causal structure behind such interactions from empirical data. The estimated causal structures can be interpreted as networks, where nodes represent relevant meteorological variables or land-surface fluxes and the links represent the dependencies among them (possibly including time lags and link strength). Here we derived causal networks for different seasons at 119 eddy covariance flux tower observations in the FLUXNET network. We show that the networks of biosphere–atmosphere interactions are strongly shaped by meteorological conditions. For example, we find that temperate and high-latitude ecosystems during peak productivity exhibit biosphere–atmosphere interaction networks very similar to tropical forests. In times of anomalous conditions like droughts though, both ecosystems behave more like typical Mediterranean ecosystems during their dry season. Our results demonstrate that ecosystems from different climate zones or vegetation types have similar biosphere–atmosphere interactions if their meteorological conditions are similar. We anticipate our analysis to foster the use of network approaches, as they allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the state of ecosystem functioning. Long-term or even irreversible changes in network structure are rare and thus can be indicators of fundamental functional ecosystem shifts.
Plant phenology evaluation of CRESCENDO land surface models – Part 1: Start and end of the growing season
Authors: Peano Daniele , Hemming Deborah , Materia Stefano , Delire Christine , Fan Yuanchao , Joetzjer Emilie , Lee Hanna , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Park Taejin , Peylin Philippe , Wårlind David , Wiltshire Andy , Zaehle Sönke
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Plant phenology plays a fundamental role in land–atmosphere interactions, and its variability and variations are an indicator of climate and environmental changes.
For this reason, current land surface models include
phenology parameterizations and related biophysical and biogeochemical processes.
In this work, the climatology of the beginning and end of the growing season, simulated by the land component of seven state-of-the-art European Earth system models participating in the CMIP6, is evaluated globally against satellite observations. The assessment is performed using the vegetation metric leaf area index and a recently developed approach, named four growing season types.
On average, the land surface models show a 0.6-month delay in the growing season start, while they are about 0.5 months earlier in the growing season end. The difference with observation tends to be higher in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere.
High agreement between land surface models and observations is exhibited in areas dominated by broadleaf deciduous trees, while high variability is noted in regions dominated by broadleaf deciduous shrubs.
Generally, the timing of the growing season end is accurately simulated in about 25 % of global land grid points versus 16 % in the timing of growing season start.
The refinement of phenology parameterization can lead to better representation of vegetation-related energy, water, and carbon cycles in land surface models, but plant phenology
is also affected by plant physiology and soil hydrology processes.
Consequently, phenology representation and, in general, vegetation
modelling is a complex task, which still needs further improvement, evaluation, and multi-model comparison.
Hack distributions of rill networks and nonlinear slope length–soil loss relationships
Authors: Doane Tyler H. , Pelletier Jon D. , Nichols Mary H.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Surface flow on rilled hillslopes tends to produce sediment yields that scale nonlinearly with total hillslope length. The widespread observation lacks a single unifying theory for such a nonlinear relationship. We explore the contribution of rill network geometry to the observed yield–length scaling relationship. Relying on an idealized network geometry, we formally develop probability functions for geometric variables of contributing area and rill length. In doing so, we contribute towards a complete probabilistic foundation for the Hack distribution. Using deterministic and empirical functions, we then extend the probability theory to the hydraulic variables that are related to sediment detachment and transport. A Monte Carlo simulation samples hydraulic variables from hillslopes of different lengths to provide estimates of sediment yield. The results of this analysis demonstrate a nonlinear yield–length relationship as a result of the rill network geometry. Theory is supported by numerical modeling, wherein surface flow is routed over an idealized numerical surface and a natural surface from northern Arizona. Numerical flow routing demonstrates probability functions that resemble the theoretical ones. This work provides a unique application of the Scheidegger network to hillslope settings which, because of their finite lengths, result in unique probability functions. We have addressed sediment yields on rilled slopes and have contributed towards understanding Hack's law from a probabilistic reasoning.
Cross-diffusion waves resulting from multiscale, multi-physics instabilities: theory
Authors: Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman , Schrank Christoph , Chen Xiao , Clavijo Santiago Peña , Kelka Ulrich , Karrech Ali , Gaede Oliver , Blach Tomasz , Roshan Hamid , Jacquey Antoine B.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We propose a multiscale approach for coupling multi-physics processes across the scales. The physics is based on discrete phenomena, triggered by local thermo-hydro-mechano-chemical (THMC) instabilities, that cause cross-diffusion (quasi-soliton) acceleration waves. These waves nucleate when the overall stress field is incompatible with accelerations from local feedbacks of generalized THMC thermodynamic forces that trigger generalized thermodynamic fluxes of another kind. Cross-diffusion terms in the 4×4 THMC diffusion matrix are shown to lead to multiple diffusional P and S wave equations as coupled THMC solutions. Uncertainties in the location of meso-scale material instabilities are captured by a wave-scale correlation of probability amplitudes. Cross-diffusional waves have unusual dispersion patterns and, although they assume a solitary state, do not behave like solitons but show complex interactions when they collide. Their characteristic wavenumber and constant speed define mesoscopic internal material time–space relations entirely defined by the coefficients of the coupled THMC reaction–cross-diffusion equations. A companion paper proposes an application of the theory to earthquakes showing that excitation waves triggered by local reactions can, through an extreme effect of a cross-diffusional wave operator, lead to an energy cascade connecting large and small scales and cause solid-state turbulence.
Համայնքների խոշորացումը Հայաստանի Հանրապետության տեղական ինքնակառավարման համակարգում. դրական և բացասական կողմերի վերլուծություն
Authors: ALTUNYAN KATERINA
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to point out the main issues of the local self-government system in the Republic of Armenia based on the analysis of the positive and negative aspects of enlargement process. The aim of the study is to present the changes in the conceptual basis of community enlargement in the light of recent socio-political reforms. The article examines the determinants of community enlargement creation of inter-community units to assess administrative-territorial changes steps to deepen decentralization.
The research conducted on the basis of scientific general methodology. The study of the theoretical basis of enlargement process in the Armenian local self-government system is carried out using a comparative method of decentralization theories. The considerations presented in the context of the hypothesis, from the general to the private and vice versa, derived from the methods of induction and deduction. The legal-legislative bases regulating the field of local self-government were comprehensively analyzed.
As a result, in the end of the research, it is concluded that the conceptual bases of enlargement need to be reconsidered, as it requires the simultaneous development of new socio-political realities and the modernization of the public administration system. On the other hand, the need to change the conceptual framework reforms is supported by the need to reconsider the issues existing in the local self-government system.
Իրավունքի և օրենքի կոլիզիաները իրավունքի փիլիսոփայությունում
Authors: Ghambaryan Artur
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is to reveal the collisional relationship between justice and the law in the philosophical dimension.
The main objectives of the article are to analyze the contradictions between law from the point of view of broad legal understanding, as well as the answer to the question of how law enforcement agent should act if, in solving a specific case, an outrageous contradiction between law and justice is encountered. The author used a number of scientific methods, in particular, historical-legal-comparative methods.
The author concludes that supporters of a broad legal understanding consider the issue of contradiction between law mainly from the point of view of legislative policy, however, they do not discuss the issue of how the law enforcement agent should act when an obvious contradiction between law is encountered in a particular case.
In the article the sayings «dura lex sed lex» (The law [is] harsh, but [it is] the law) and «lex iniusta non est lex» (An unjust law is no law at all) are considered in the dimensions of the legalism and natural law. The author concludes that the Radbruch formula is an exception to the saying «dura lex sed lex» (The law [is] harsh, but [it is] the law), which has undergone practical approbation. On the one hand, this resolution values the certainty and stability of the law, and on the other hand, it protects the person (society) from the unjustly shouting unjust laws.
The effect of single clove Black garlic on the hemostasis status and lipid profile in male Sprague Dawley rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nurmawati Lili , Sulchan Mohammad , Fatimah-Muis Siti , Djagat Purnomo Hery , Djamiatun Kis , Ardiaria Martha , Karlowee Vega
Published: April 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients have alteration in hemostasis components. Thus, including excess expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), causing fibrinolysis disorders; the majority of these patients are hypercoagulable state prone to thrombosis. Some evidence suggests that garlic and garlic supplements have antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Besides, garlic stimulates fibrinolytic activity and normalizes plasma lipid imbalances. Black garlic is processed garlic that is produced through natural aging at a controlled temperature (70 °C) and high humidity (90%) for several days, without other additives. This study aimed to prove the effect of single clove black garlic (SCBG) (Allium sativum Linn) on PAI-1 levels and lipid profiles of NAFLD rats induced by a high-fat fructose diet (HFFD) containing 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid.The rats were then divided into healthy control group (K1+); NAFLD control group without treatment (K2+); 0.9 mg simvastatin treatment group (K1-); 45 mg metformin treatment group (K2-); SCBG 450 mg per 200g BW (X1); 900 mg per 200 g BW (X2); and 1350 mg per 200 g BW (X3). All treatments were administered for 4 weeks via oral gavage. As a result, significant differences in PAI-1 levels and lipid profiles between groups after the administration (p = 0.001) were noted and also by simvastatin and metformin, respectively. There was a correlation between PAI-1 and lipid profile of SCBG treatment. In conclusion, the administration of SCBG (1350 mg per 200 g BB per day) for 4 weeks had a significant effect on PAI-1 levels, and the lipid profiles in Sprague Dawley rats modeled NAFLD (p = 0.001). SCBG has provided benefits that can be useful in the management of NAFLD but it’s not equivalent to medicine.
Perilaku Cuci Tangan Pada Anak Di Madrasah Ibtidaiah Ciamis
Authors: Heryani Heni , Apipudin Aap , Fitriani Fitriani , Roslianti Elis
Published: April 2021

Mencuci tangan adalah proses membuang kotoran dan debu secara mekanis dari kulit kedua belah tangan dengan memakai sabun dan air. Kesehatan dan kebersihan tangan dapat mengurangi mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit pada kedua tangan dengan tangan dan lengan serta meminimalisasi kontaminasi silang. Perilaku cuci tangan pakai sabun khususnya setelah kontak dengan feses ketika ke jamban dan membantu anak ke jamban, dapat menurunkan insiden diare. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa dan siswi kelas IV, V di MI Bojongsari Kecamatan Ciamis Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2017 sebanyak 77 orang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling yaitu seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gambaran perilaku pasien lansia dalam kepatuhan mengkonsumsi obat gambaran perilaku cuci tangan pada anak di MI Bojongsari Kecamatan Ciamis Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2017 frekuensi tertinggi yaitu berkategori tidak baik sebanyak 45 orang (58,4%), dengan rincian sebagai berikut perilaku cuci tangan pada anak berdasarkan waktu sebelum makan di MI Bojongsari Kecamatan Ciamis Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2017, frekuensi tertinggi yaitu berkategori tidak baik sebanyak 45 orang (58,4%) dan perilaku cuci tangan pada anak berdasarkan waktu sesudah buang air besar di MI Bojongsari Kecamatan Ciamis Kabupaten Ciamis Tahun 2017, frekuensi tertinggi yaitu berkategori tidak baik sebanyak 47 orang (61%). Diharapkan agar lebih meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang cuci tangan yang baik dan benar sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya penyakit.
Gambaran Pelaksanaan Inisisasi Menyusu Dini Pada Bayi Baru Lahir Oleh Tenaga Kesehatan Di Ruang Bersalin RSUD Ciamis
Authors: Ariani Dini , Kusumawaty Jajuk , Sumira Nita Purnama
Published: April 2021

Latar Belakang. Angka keberhasilan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini di Indonesia dengan Negara Internasional masih jauh tertinggal, di Amerika Serikat tahun 1999 IMD mencapai 86,5 % di Belanda pada tahun 2005 mencapai 78 %, menurut WHO (2007) di Indonesia IMD baru mencapai 4,8 % data Riskesdas (2010) IMD kurang dari 1 jam di Indonesia baru mencapai 29,3 %. Fakta mengidentifikasikan masih rendahnya pencapaian IMD di Indonesia. Metode penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tujuan utamanya untuk membuat gambaran atau deskripsi tentang suatu keadaan secara objektif (Notoatmodjo, 2012). Peneliti ingin mengetahui gambaran pelaksanaan IMD pada BBL oleh petugas kesehatan di ruang bersalin RSUD Ciamis. Hasil penelitian. gambaran pelaksanaan langkah I, II dan III Inisiasi Menyusu Dini oleh Tenaga Kesehatan di Ruang Bersalin RSUD Ciamis Periode April s/d Mei Tahun 2016 kategori baik sebanyak 3 orang (13,6 %), kategori cukup sebanyak 13 orang (59,1 %), kategori kurang sebanyak 6 orang (27,3%). Kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan I nisiasi Menyusu Dini pada Bayi Baru Lahir oleh Tenaga Kesehatan (Bidan) di ruang bersalin RSUD Ciamis secara keseluruhan dari langkah I, II, III yaitu frekuensi tertinggi yang termasuk kategori cukup sebanyak 13 orang (59,1%). Bagi tenaga kesehatan lebih ditingkatkan mengenai langkah-langkah IMD yang belum dilaksanakan secara tepat dan benar.
Сompliance with the legislation at the submitting stage of the notifications of crimes: the role of the prosecutor’s office
Authors:   Moldova State University, Oganesean Armen
Published: April 2021

In this article we have briefly performed a complex analysis of the departmental normative acts that contain the norms related to the performance of controls concerning respect of legislation during registration of crimes notifications. Also, most current trends in the legal regulation of the interaction of different bodies involved in the process of registration and examination of criminal complaints were highlighted. The study is aimed at determining the mechanisms of this activity by providing concrete practical solutions to problems that may arise in the work of law enforcement officials. Study establishes the perspectives and ways of improving the researched activity by formulating of lex ferenda recommendations.
Exotic rock block from the Koshava gypsum mine, Northwest Bulgaria: Petrography, geochemistry, mineralogy and melting phenomena
Authors: Yanev Yotzo , Benderev Aleksey , Zotov Nikolai , Dubinina Elena , Iliev Tzvetoslav , Georgiev Stoyan , Ilieva Iren , Sergeeva Ivanina
Published: April 2021

The described exotic rock block (60×80×13–15 cm) was found at 290 m depth in a lower–middle Badenian gypsum layer in the Koshava mine, NW Bulgaria, near the Danube River. It is greyish-black, granular, with layered structure and layers composed of α-quartz rosettes covered with organic matter (kerogen-like type with high contents of Ge, Mo and B), wood relicts with chalcedony replacement, and porous lenses with compact accumulation of organic matter. The block is coated with quartz crust, up to 2 cm thick, with regmaglypt-like forms, also replaced by quartz. Aside from the surface, melting phenomena were also observed inside the quartz rosettes and especially in the wood relicts and porous lenses. The melted drops are actually crystallized chalcedony. The organic matter accumulations contain Si-organic zoned micrometre-sized spherules. Fe silicides were found in the organic matter of all parts of the block, in which hapkeite was determined by X-ray analysis. Other detected minerals include graphite, cristobalite, coesite, skeletal and framboidal pyrite, moassanite, magnetite, suessite, sphalerite and minerals formed in the gypsum lagoon (gypsum, celestine, barite, calcite, halite and clays). The geological position of the block in the gypsum without any other sediments, the extensive melting phenomena with melted spherules, crushed quartz, its enrichment in 18O isotope and the presence of coesite suggest that it is shock ejecta, in certain aspects resembling the large Muong Nong-type tektites, but its characteristics could be the basis for distinguishing it as a new tektite type. The fact that it was found in a gypsum layer of early–middle Badenian age points to its probable association with the Ries-Steinheim impact event, despite the long distance between them (~1100 km).
Stellar kinematics in the IC 348 cluster
Authors: Nikoghosyan E. H. , Harutyunian H. A. , Azatyan N. M. , Grigoryan A. M.
Published: April 2021

In 30 - 40s of the last century Viktor Ambartsumian has published several studies on the kinematics and dynamics of stellar systems. The scientific issues of these papers not only remain relevant up to nowadays, but also are of key importance for the construction of the generalized theory of star formation. The launch of the Gaia spacecraft on December 19, 2013, opens up new horizons in the study of young stellar systems origin and evolution. The accuracy of astrometric measurements (the typical uncertainty is about 0.04 - 0.7 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 0.05 - 1.2 mas yr-1 for the proper motions), undoubtedly, will allow lifting the possibilities of study the kinematics and dynamics of star-forming regions to a new level. We focus our present research on the young (∼ 2 - 3Myr) stellar cluster IC 348. It has a complex structure, which includes the older compact core and the younger subgroup in the vicinity of HH 211 outflow. Based on the Gaia DR2 data, we considered the kinematic properties of both the cluster as a whole and its subgroups. We found that special velocity dispersion significantly exceeds the virial velocity dispersion and, therefore, the IC 348 stellar cluster is a supervirial or gravitationally unbound system.
Statistical analysis of the new catalogue of CP stars
Authors: Ghazaryan S. , Alecian G. , Hakobyan A. A.
Published: April 2021

This talk is devoted to the statistical analysis of the new catalogue of Chemically Peculiar stars compiled from papers, where chemical abundances of those stars were given. The catalogue contains chemical abundances and physical parameters of 428 stars based on high-resolution spectroscopy data. Spearman's rank correlation test was applied for 416 CP (108 HgMn, 188 ApBp and 120 AmFm) stars and the correlation between chemical abundances and different physical parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity and rotational velocity) was checked. From dozens interesting cases we secluded four cases: the Mn peculiarities in HgMn stars, the Ca correlation with respect to effective temperature in AmFm stars, the case of helium and iron in ApBp stars. We applied also Anderson-Darling (AD) test on ApBp stars to check if multiplicity is a determinant parameter for abundance peculiarities.
Study of stellar population in the new extended star formation region associated with five IRAS sources
Authors: Azatyan N. M. , Nikoghosyan E. H.
Published: April 2021

We present the investigation results of structure and stellar content of a molecular cloud surrounding the five IRAS sources: 05168+3634, 05184+3635, 05177+3636, 05162+3639, and IRAS 05156+3643. Using multi-color criteria, we identified a rich population of embedded YSO candidates with infrared excess (Class 0/I and Class II) and their characteristics in a quite large molecular cloud which is located in the region of 24 arcmin radius. The molecular cloud includes 240 candidates of YSOs within the radii of sub-regions around 5 IRAS sources. The color-magnitude diagrams of the sub-regions suggest a very young stellar population. We construct the K luminosity function (KLF) of the sub-regions and according to the values of the slopes of KLFs, the age of the sub-regions can be estimated between 0.1-3 Myr. The SEDs are constructed for 45 Class I and 75 Class II evolutionary stages YSOs and the received parameters of those YSOs are well correlated with the results obtained by other methods.
Simultaneous photometric and spectral analysis of new outburst of V1686 Cyg
Authors: Andreasyan H. R. , Magakian T. Yu. , Movsessian T. A. , Gevorgyan M. H.
Published: April 2021

We present an analysis of the optical observations of Herbig AeBe star V1686 Cyg, which is demonstrating photometric variability up to 3 to 4 magnitudes. We observed this star as a part of our project of young eruptive stars investigation. Observations were performed on 2.6m telescope of Byurakan Observatory. In the course of observations we noticed that this star underwent a new outburst. After data reduction we found that full rise and decline of V1686 Cyg brightness for almost 3 magnitudes lasted about 2 months. We were able to trace the changes of the stellar spectrum during the outburst. They are discussed and compared with other young eruptive variables.
Old and New Observational Data of P Cygni
Authors: Beradze S. , Kochiashvili N. , Natsvlishvili R. , Kochiashvili I. , Vardosanidze M.
Published: April 2021

Luminous Blue Variables (LBV) are extremely rare and enigmatic stars on the short-lived evolutionary phase with different variation scales of brightness and spectrum. Some of them are confirmed binary systems and even secondary components have found by direct imaging. The blue supergiant P Cygni is one of the prototypes of Luminous Blue Variables, showing photometric and spectroscopic variability on various timescales. We are going to present results of the old and new photometric observations of P Cygni. Old 1951-1983 years photometric observations were made by E. Kharadze and N. Magalashvili in the Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Georgia, which we found, recalculated and made conclusion that the star should undergo the next great eruption in some 100 years. New observations were obtained in 2014, using the 48 cm Cassegrain telescope of the Abastumani Observatory. Some interesting behaviors of the light curves were revealed.
The Growing Astronomical Unit and the Dark Energy Influence on the Baryonic Matter Evolution
Authors: Harutyunian H. , Grigoryan A.
Published: April 2021

The effect of the Earths removal from the Sun is considered. This effect is difficult to interpret within the traditional paradigm of cosmic objects formation and evolution. Currently tidal mechanism is used as the most appropriate tool for explaining the Earth removal although no any quantitative data exist concerning the deceleration of Suns spin. We argue in favor of the dark energy influence, which, on the other hand, leads to the gradual increase of the Sun mass. Applying self-consistently all the known consequences of the interaction between the dark energy carrier and the baryonic matter, one arrives at a conclusion that the energy of the baryonic objects should grow up which, in its turn, increases their total mass. The mass growth of the Sun is estimated using the relevant observational data.
Comparative study of graphene-polypyrrole and borophene-polypyrrole composites: molecular dynamics modeling approach
Authors: Folorunso Oladipo , Hamam Yskandar , Sadiku Rotimi , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Adekoya Gbolahan Joseph
Published: April 2021

In the search for the solution to energy storage problems, this study investigates the interfacial energy interaction and temperature stability of the composites made of polypyrrole-graphene-borophene (PPy-Gr-Bon) by using molecular dynamics simulations. From the calculated thermodynamics and interfacial energies of the system, comparisons between the ternary and the binary-binary systems were made. The materials in the entity show a good degree of temperature stability to a dynamic process at 300, 350, 400, and 450 K. Moreso, at 300 K, the interaction energy of PPy-Gr, PPy-Bon, and PPy-Gr-Bon are: -5.621e3 kcal/mol, -26.094e3 kcal/mol, and -28.206e3 kcal/mol respectively. The temperature stability of the systems is in the order of: PPy-Gr-Bon > PPy-Bon > PPy-Gr. The effect of temperature on the interaction energy of the systems was also investigated. The ternary system showed higher stability as the temperature increased. In addition, the radial distribution function computed for the three systems revealed that there is a strong, but non-chemical bonding interaction between PPy-Gr-Bon, Bon-PPy, and Gr-PPy. By considering the excellent mechanical properties of PPy-Gr-Bon and the already established high electrical conductivity and chemical stability of Gr, Bon and PPy, their composite is therefore suggested to be considered for the manufacturing of electrochemical electrodes.
A survey on the effects of bumpy road on the vibration of multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle
Authors: Tung Nguyen Thanh , Van Luong Van , Quang Nguyen Thanh
Published: April 2021

Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicles should carry a set of firefighting equipment such as high-pressure water pumps, tree cutters to create a fire isolation corridor, vacuum, and blowing machine high-speed wind sandblasting devices etc. The bumpy road and velocity of moving vehicles can affect the vibration response of these vehicles. Hence, in this research the vibration analysis of a Multi-purpose forest fire fighting vehicle mounted on a URAL4320 active three-wheel drive vehicle is simulated and analyzed. The effect of road bumping and speed of vehicle on the vibration parameters are studied via building mathematical models with 19 degree of freedom for simulating the suspension system of the investigated vehicle.
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Men Compared to Women with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Colombia
Authors: Betancourt-Peña Jhonatan , Avila Valencia Juan Carlos , Duarte Arley Facundo
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in men and women with a COPD diagnosis in a Colombian clinic. Method: A longitudinal and descriptive study was conducted with 75 COPD patients who entered a pulmonary rehabilitation program during 2018 and 2019. The population was divided into groups according to gender and some sociodemographic characteristics were assessed, such as spirometry expressed in percentage of the predicted value, body mass index, mMRC dyspnea, and capacity for physical exercise, as well as some physiological variables with the six-minute walk test, anxiety-depression (HADS) and quality of life (SGRQ). A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The cigarette packs smoked per year index was higher in men, 34±29.11 (p<0.001), whereas the exposure to firewood smoke was five times higher in women (p=0.037). All the variables related to the capacity for physical exercise improved significantly (p<0.021), with distance covered standing out: 63.26±60.03 vs. 51.53±61.02 in favor of women. mMRC dyspnea was initially higher in women when compared to men, 0.709±0.287, and presented a greater change in women with 1.294±0.415 when compared to men, 0.736±0.880, at the end of pulmonary rehabilitation. Conclusion: Pulmonary rehabilitation in women shows an increase of 63.26 meters in the distance covered and a 1.294-point reduction in dyspnea; while, for men, these figures were 51.53 meters and 0.736 points, respectively, as well as an improvement in quality of life in men by 11.47 SGRQ points when compared to women: 0.600.
Formalismo, activismo y discrecionalidad judicial
Authors: Etcheverry Juan Bautista
Published: April 2021

Este artículo busca explicar por qué las expresiones “formalismo” y “activismo” judicial suelen utilizarse como modos antagónicos de descalificar la actividad judicial. Para ello, será necesario aclarar que estas expresiones son usadas con diferentes sentidos en distintos contextos jurídico-profesionales e, incluso, que ellas admiten más de un sentido en un mismo contexto jurídico-profesional. Sin embargo, en esta oportunidad nos concentraremos en dilucidar el sentido peyorativo con que se las utiliza. Aclarado tal sentido, sostendremos que ambas expresiones, en algunos casos, son usadas de un modo descalificativo porque identifican modos de entender la función judicial que no se toman en serio dos elementos básicos (normalmente considerados valiosos) de los sistemas jurídicos occidentales actuales: los derechos fundamentales y las leyes democráticas. Para finalizar, propondremos un modelo alternativo de comprensión de la actividad judicial compatible con dichos elementos.
Prisión preventiva a la luz del control de convencionalidad. El binomio de la proporcionalidad y la debida motivación de las decisiones fiscales como regla en el proceso penal peruano
Authors: Moscoso Becerra Gerson
Published: April 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo argumentar la necesidad de considerar al test de proporcionalidad y la debida motivación de las decisiones fiscales como regla, y la prisión como la excepción, derrotero que estará fundamentado en un estándar jurídico interamericano unificado y sustentado en el control de convencionalidad, el cual elevará el baremo exigido para la imposición de un mandato de prisión preventiva acorde con las disposiciones de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. En primer término, se ofrecerá una noción de la situación que afronta la prisión preventiva en la región americana; posteriormente, se esbozarán cada uno de los casos que ha resuelto la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos sobre el tópico referido y los fundamentos jurídicos destacados que, con base en la interpretación de conformidad, serán analizados y concordados con los artículos 268, 269 y 270 del Código Procesal Penal Peruano y la jurisprudencia de mayor relevancia emitida por los altos tribunales peruanos, para finalmente hacer un análisis exhaustivo de las reglas propuestas que, si bien tienen una importancia independiente como instituciones jurídicas, armonizadas generarán un estado tuitivo reforzado.
Information security and information hygiene on internet media
Authors: Varynskyi Vladyslav , Varynska Alla , Kostytsky Mychailo , Kushakova-Kostytska Nataliia
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the problem of ensuring information security at the level of “information hygiene” is due to the risks of the negative potential of Internet media. The purpose of the article is to analyse the state of the hygiene segment of the information security of Ukrainian Internet media under global threats. The leading research method for this problem is content analysis, which allows to determine the qualitative features of modern media information based on psycholinguistic markers of information. It has been established that the largest part in the information space of Internet media is fake information, and therefore special attention is paid to its analysis. The article highlights the main markers by which you can determine the fake. The need for critical familiarization with the information is noted. The results of the study expand the understanding of the concepts of information security and information hygiene.
Problems and trends of the information security systems in some countries of the Asian region
Authors: Fatkhutdinov Vasyl H. , Frantsuz Anatoliy Y. , Khlabystova Kseniia V. , Tereshchuk Mykola M. , Arhat Yana P.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the theoretical and legal analysis of information security systems in some countries of the Asian region. It is proposed to consider the information protection system as a set of interrelated elements and their interactions aimed at preventing and countering threats in the information sphere, as well as developing and improving the system itself. The system-structural approach allowed the author to highlight the following elements of the information security system: objects, subjects, scope, functions, conditions and directions of the system, principles and legal framework. The main trend in the field of information security of these countries is the strengthening of state regulation of their cyberspace. In particular, the legislation of these countries strictly regulates the rights, duties and responsibilities of the owners of information resources on the Internet, news aggregators, instant messengers and search engine operators.
Design and development of a model and optimal planning for supply chain responsibility towards the environment
Authors: Mokhlesabadi Shahram , Kabaranzad Ghadim Mohammad Reza , Aghajani Kasegari Hasan Ali , Mahdi Movahedi Mohammad
Published: April 2021

The responsible management of product return flows in production and inventory environments is a rapidly increasing requirement for companies. This can be attributed to economic, environmental and/or regulatory motivations. Mathematical modeling of such systems has assisted decision-making processes and provided a better understanding of the behavior of such production and inventory environments. This paper reviews the literature on the modeling of reverse logistics inventory systems based on the economic order/production quantity (EOQ/EPQ) and the joint economic lot size (JELS) settings to systematically analyze the mathematics involved in capturing the main characteristics of related processes. The literature is surveyed and classified according to the specific issues faced and modeling assumptions. Special attention is given to environmental issues. There are indications of the need for reverse logistics models' mathematics to follow current trends in ‘greening’ inventory and supply-chain models. The modeling of waste disposal, greenhouse-gas emissions, and energy consumption during production is considered as the most pressing priority for the future of reverse logistics models. An illustrative example for modeling reverse logistics inventory models with environmental implications is presented.
Mechanisms of e-commerce enterprises development in the context of digitalization
Authors: Panasenko Svetlana Viktorovna , Cheglov Vyacheslav Petrovich , Ramazanov Ibrahim Agaevich , Anatolevna Krasil’nikova Elena , Sharonin Pavel Nikolaevich
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the development of a mechanism for the e-commerce enterprises' extension in the context of digitalization. It is established that e-commerce enterprises should actively implement the possibility of combining offline and online channels and consider ways to improve the operational efficiency of conducting activities through the automation of commodity accounting and analytical accounting systems, the development of loyalty programs, and acquiring including through the use of contactless payment technology. It is proved that digital trade enterprises need to actively implement self-service cash registers and develop their own mobile applications. It is revealed that e-commerce enterprises should accumulate available information, analyze the frequency, place, time, and preferred channel of purchases, and form a point-based personalized offer. It is determined that digital transformation entails not only investment in new technologies and their subsequent implementation, but also the transformation of the product offered by the company in the market.
Transformation of the reproduction of human capital in the context of the digital economy
Authors: Stryabkova Elena Anatolievna , Lyshchikova Julia Vladimirovna , Gerasimova Natalya Anatolievna , Kulik Anna Mihailovna , Weis Elena Vladimirovna
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the processes of reproduction of human capital with the most recent quality characteristics, skills, and competencies are actively evolving in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The goal of the article is to study transformation processes and to identify the main characteristics of the reproduction of human capital in the context of digital and technological transformation. The empirical base of the study is represented by the data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, as well as from reports and statistical books of the National Research University Higher School of Economics on the development of human capital and digital economy in Russia. The methodological basis of the study includes a systemic and holistic approach, retrospective, evolutionary, monographic, and comparative logical analysis, content analysis of scientific literature and empirical sources, as well as methods of generalization and systematization. The stages of the evolution of human capital have been identified and described in the course of the study; a model of the evolution of the human capital structure in the digital economy has been formed, including its traditional and new characteristics; the physical, intellectual, socioindustrial, and digital (technological) components of the reproduction of human capital in the Russian Federation and the Central Federal District have been analyzed. The conclusion has been drawn of the need to transform the mechanisms of the reproduction of human capital for the formation of new digital and technological competencies and for overcoming the divergence of technogenesis and anthropogenesis.
Improving the reliability of transport vehicles based on element-by-element analysis
Authors: Volkov Vladimir S.
Published: April 2021

The author considers two approaches to solving the problem of increasing the reliability of machine-building products: on the spot, at the enterprises that operate transport vehicles, via certain modifications of serial products, and at manufacturing sites, during production of subsequent products, via improving the design on the basis of operation data of the analogues. In this case, data collection and processing system should provide reliable data on failures and cases of non-serviceable condition of the machines operating under different conditions; prompt processing of statistical data and presentation of results in the most convenient form; registration and coordination of reliability improvement measures taken by developers, manufacturers and operators. The author analyzes the operation of distribution laws of random variables and the variety of their corresponding calculation systems for the determination of the product's reliability indices in an element-by-element, unit-wise, as well as synthesized form. This approach makes it possible to search for the least reliable elements of a system in order to align the machine's reliability indices. Purpose. Creation of a design system for determining reliability indices in a separate form at the levels of parts, units and for the machine as a whole for identifying its least reliable components for the purpose of their further improvement. Methods. The methodology is based on drawing up a structural chart of machine reliability and a consolidated list of failures that are identified during its operation. The reliability structural scheme includes all the machine elements. A summary cumulative list is compiled further, where data on the operating time of each object are recorded for each failure type. The data samples on the times to failure of a group of homogeneous components are output from the summary cumulative list per each element. Results. The methodology makes it possible to create a system with multiple ratios of reliability indices per components, as well as reduce expenses for service impacts and improve the effectiveness of their transportation work. The present research work contributes to the theory of predicting the reliability of mechanical systems, making it possible to solve important tasks at modernization and design stages.
A constituição da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Pastor Antônio Nunes de Carvalho no município de Alto Rio Novo/ES (1986-2017) / The constitution of the Elementary and Secondary Education State School Pastor Antônio Nunes de Carvalho in the municipality of Alto Rio Novo/ES (1986-2017)
Authors: Jadejiski Rainei Rodrigues , Luiz Miriã Lúcia
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo insere-se no campo de estudos da História da Educação, de modo amplo e da História das instituições escolares, em particular. Investiga a constituição da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio “Pastor Antônio Nunes de Carvalho” (1986-2017), localizada no município de Alto Rio Novo-ES, buscando compreender a sua atuação junto ao público local no âmbito do Ensino Médio. Fundamenta-se nos pressupostos de Nosella e Buffa (2016), Silva (2009), Arroyo (1992), Paro (2001), Esteban (2009) e Freire (2013). A metodologia pautou-se no pensamento de Marc Bloch (2001) e Lopes e Galvão (2001) para quem a operação historiográfica baseia-se na multiplicidade e interrogação de fontes. O corpus documental compôs-se de questionários, fotografias e documentos impressos. A escola investigada, no decorrer de seu percurso histórico, assumiu, para os sujeitos escolares, importância basilar no desenvolvimento da criticidade dos estudantes, preparando-os para a vida em sociedade.***This paper is inserted in the broad field of History of Education studies, and in the specific field of History of school institutions. It investigates the constitution of the Elementary and Secondary Education State School “Pastor Antônio Nunes de Carvalho” (1986-2017), located in the city of Alto Rio Novo-ES, seeking to understand its operation with the local public in the High School. It is based on the assumptions of Nosella and Buffa (2016), Silva (2009), Arroyo (1992), Paro (2001), Esteban (2009) and Freire (2013). The methodology was based on the thinking of Marc Bloch (2001), and Lopes and Galvão (2001), for whom the historiographical operation is based on the multiplicity and interrogation of sources. The documentary corpus consisted of questionnaires, photographs and printed documents. The investigated school, during its historical course, assumed, for school subjects, a fundamental importance in the development of students' criticality, preparing them for life in society.
História, narrativa e ensino: diálogos, limites e possibilidades de uma reflexão teórica / History, narrative and education: dialogues, limits and possibilities of a theoretical reflection
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: April 2021

A narrativa foi — e é — objeto de reflexão na ciência história por diferentes autores e distintas abordagens. Este artigo acompanha o movimento de análise que tematiza a narrativa histórica, a fim de ampliar a reflexão acerca do “estatuto narrativo” da História acadêmica e didática e entender os limites e as possibilidades de sua pretensão em representar o passado. Com essa problematização, almeja-se colocar a narrativa como foco de análise no ensino de História como caminho passível para enfrentar as disputas de narrativas que perfilam o cotidiano da sala de aula. Para tanto, recorre-se a diferentes autores, em especial Paul Ricœur, para explicitar em que consiste a narrativa histórica e quais os procedimentos que atribuem legitimidade e reconhecimento a sua representação do passado. Pelo arcabouço teórico mobilizado, defende-se que os procedimentos constituidores da narrativa histórica podem ser acionados como uma estratégia viável para lidar com as disputas de narrativa em sala aula e promover o entendimento sobre a relação de confiança e credibilidade que esse relato escrito desfruta na tarefa de representar o passado.***The narrative was - and is - an object of reflection in history by different authors and different approaches. The article follows the movement of analysis that focuses on the historical narrative to broaden the reflection on the “narrative status” of History - academic and didactic – in order to understand the limits and possibilities of its claim to represent the past. With this problematization, the aim is to place the narrative as the focus of analysis in the teaching of History as a possible way to face the disputes of narratives that appear in the daily life of the classroom. To this end, it mobilizes different authors, especially Paul Ricoeur, to explain what the historical narrative consists of and which procedures give legitimacy and recognition to its representation of the past. Through the mobilized framework, it is argued that the procedures which constitute historical narrative can be used as a viable strategy to deal with classroom narrative disputes and to promote understanding of the relationship of trust and credibility that this written report rejoices in the task of representing the past.