bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things-based sustainable environment management for large indoor facilities
Authors: Lashari Muhammad Hanif , Karim Sarang , Alhussein Musaed , Hoshu Ayaz Ahmed , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Anwar Muhammad Shahid
Published: October 2023

Due to global warming and climate change, the poultry industry is heavily impacted, especially the broiler industry, due to the sensitive immune system of broiler chickens. However, the continuous monitoring and controlling of the farm’s environmental parameters can help to curtail the negative impacts of the environment on chickens’ health, leading to increased meat production. This article presents smart solutions to such issues, which are practically implemented, and have low production and operational costs. In this article, an Internet of Things (IoT) based environmental parameters monitoring has been demonstrated for the poultry farmhouse. This system enables the collection and visualization of crucially sensed data automatically and reliably, and at a low cost to efficiently manage and operate a poultry farm. The proposed IoT-based remote monitoring system collects and visualizes environmental parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), oxygen level (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ammonia (NH3) gas concentrations. The wireless sensor nodes have been designed and deployed for efficient data collection of the essential environmental parameters that are key for monitoring and decision-making process. The hardware is implemented and deployed successfully at a site within the control shed of the poultry farmhouse. The results revealed important findings related to the environmental conditions within the poultry farm. The temperature inside the control sheds remained within the desired range throughout the monitoring period, with daily average values ranging from 32 °C to 34 °C. The RH showed slight variations monitoring period, ranging from 65% to 75%, with a daily average of 70%. The O2 concentration exhibited an average value of 17% to 18.5% throughout the monitoring period. The CO2 levels showed occasional increases, reaching a maximum value of 1,100 ppm. However, this value was below the maximum permissible level of 2,500 ppm, indicating that the ventilation system was effective in maintaining acceptable CO2 levels within the control sheds. The NH3 gas concentration remained consistently low throughout the duration, with an average value of 50 parts per million (ppm).
Relationship between swimming speed, intra-cycle variation of horizontal speed, and Froude efficiency during consecutive stroke cycles in adolescent swimmers
Authors: Pinto Mafalda P. , Marinho Daniel A. , Neiva Henrique P. , Morais Jorge E.
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between swimming speed, intra-cycle variation of horizontal speed of displacement (dv), and Froude efficiency (ηF) in front-crawl during three consecutive stroke cycles. The sample consisted of 15 boys aged 16.07 ± 0.77 years and 15 girls aged 15.05 ± 1.07 years. Swimming speed, dv and ηF were measured during a 25 m front-crawl trial. Three consecutive stroke cycles were measured. Swimming speed showed a non-significant stroke-by-stroke effect (F = 2.55, p = 0.087, η2 = 0.08), but a significant sex effect (F = 90.46, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.76). The dv and ηF had the same trend as the swimming speed for the stroke-by-stroke effect, but a non-significant sex effect (p > 0.05). The Spearman correlation matrix between swimming speed and dv, and swimming speed and ηF showed non-significant correlations for the three stroke cycles in both sexes. However, the tendency of the former was not always inverse, and the latter was not always direct. Coaches and swimmers need to be aware that lower dvs are not always associated with faster swimming speeds and vice-versa, and that ηF is a predictor of swimming speed, not dv.
Effects of food-based enrichment on enclosure use and behavioral patterns in captive mammalian predators: a case study from an Austrian wildlife park
Authors: Puehringer-Sturmayr Verena , Fiby Monika , Bachmann Stephanie , Filz Stefanie , Grassmann Isabella , Hoi Theresa , Janiczek Claudia , Frigerio Didone
Published: October 2023

Background

Combining naturalistic enclosure design and animal welfare with visitor interests and education can be challenging for zoos and wildlife parks. To accomplish both purposes, different types of enrichment (food-based or non-food-based items, such as environmental, sensory, cognitive, social) can be used. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of food-based and olfactory enrichments on enclosure use, behavior, and visibility of captive brown bears (Ursus arctos), pine martens (Martes martes), domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), and golden jackals (Canis aureus).

Methods

We used observational approaches to measure enclosure use, behavior, and visibility during three different experimental phases: (1) pre-enrichment (baseline, no experience with the enrichment yet), (2) during enrichment (enrichment was provided at low frequented locations in the enclosures that are easily visible to visitors), and (3) post-enrichment (enrichment was removed from the enclosures).

Results

We found that enrichment led to a uniform use of the enclosure and enhanced visibility in brown bears, increased activity budgets in pine martens, and observed high object interaction in both species. No effects of enrichment were detected in domestic ferrets. Golden jackals did not leave their burrows during daytime during the entire observation period; thus, observations were not possible at all. Our results suggest different effects of food-based enrichment,e.g., enclosure use, temporal activity patterns, and animal visibility. However, further studies should control for the specific role of the factors involved. Our study represents one of the first explorations of food-based enrichment in rather understudied species.
Using Paratextualization to Build a Cultural Scheme of Brands for the Entertainment In-dustry
Authors: De Souza-Leão André Luiz Maranhão , Moura Bruno Melo , Lopes Mariana Almeida de Souza , Batista Marília Abigail Meneses , Melo Maria Eduarda Da Mota , Santos Juliana Francisca Dutra dos
Published: October 2023

Media product franchises often play the role of brands based on the elaboration of cultural schemes. They use complementary contents to their products’ narratives – called paratexts – to keep a long-lasting relationship with their consumers. Thus, the aim of the current study is to investigate how the paratextualization of franchise products of the entertainment industry generates cultural schemes for their brands. To do so, Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was applied to news reports and information published at the official websites of three emblematic entertainment industry franchises: Game of Thrones, Star Wars and Wizarding World. Results have indicated franchises’ focus on maintaining and expanding fans’ experience with these sagas, evidencing the existence of a cultural scheme to build experiential brands.
How a Private Educational Institution in South Brazil Managed to Create a University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem
Authors: Kaniak Vivien Mariane Massaneiro , Teixeira Rivanda Meira , Carvalho Ana Carolina Vilela , Segatto Andréa Paula
Published: October 2023

This article aims to describe the dynamic of a university innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem, as well as the actions developed by a private university in southern Brazil to create it. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the research strategy consisted of a case study in which data were obtained through six interviews, non-participant observation, and documentary analysis. The results demonstrated that the university managed to reach an innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem once they reinforced favorable institutional conditions for entrepreneurship and developed a structured department of entrepreneurship education that gives support to future entrepreneurs. Once the theme has not yet been widely explored in the literature, this article aims to contribute both to broaden the debate and to present a case of a South American private university that may serve as a model for other educational institutions that wish to create or reinforce their university innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems.
PROFESSOR-PESQUISADOR
Authors: Gonçalves Carmen Érica Lima de Campos , Gonzaga Amarildo Menezes
Published: October 2023

Breve estado da arte, hermenêutico-documental, em dois repositórios digitais (acesso aberto), entre 2016-2021. Objetivo Geral: conhecer o estado de investigação e produção manauara, de conhecimento na Tendência Pedagógica Professor Pesquisador. Específicos: Levantar produções em Repositório Institucional de Instituto Federal de Educação no Amazonas (IFAM) e, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Identificar os que correspondem ao escopo (título, resumo, palavras-chaves); Privilegiar os que trabalham a partir do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas e/ou aproximações. Abordagem qualitativa, método exploratório, descritivo-interpretativo. Resultados indicam que a produção de conhecimentos nessa Tendência Pedagógica é escassa e/ou implícita; além de uma possível defasagem das ferramentas de busca nos repositórios. Importa que mais pesquisadores adentrarem essa lacuna, principalmente em lócus de formação inicial com Projeto Pedagógico do Curso (PPC) definindo essa tendência para perfil de egresso.
ANÁLISE SOBRE O PENSAMENTO COMPUTACIONAL EM LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE CIÊNCIAS DA NATUREZA E SUAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Rezende Bruna De Paula , Araújo da Silva Ana Carolina , De Souza Costa Junior Maurício
Published: October 2023

A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) é um documento que aborda o desenvolvimento de competências, habilidades e objetos de aprendizagem. Nessa perspectiva, para contribuir com o protagonismo dos jovens estudantes e garantir Livros Didáticos (LDs) mais atrativos para os docentes e discentes, a BNCC anuncia o termo Pensamento Computacional (PC) que torna-se um dos critérios eliminatórios do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) do ano de 2021. Desse modo, esta pesquisa buscou analisar como os LDs aprovados no PNLD de 2021 de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias para o Ensino Médio abordam, no livro do professor, as atividades que desenvolvem o PC. Para alcançar tal objetivo, utilizamos de pressupostos teórico-metodológicos de análise de conteúdo. Observamos que há atividades que permitem uma compreensão melhor sobre o PC. Reforçamos, a importância desta pesquisa para auxiliar o docente a compreender a abordagem do PC presente nesses LDs.
Optimizing Growth through Systematic Evaluation of Salinity, Putrescine, and Sodium Nitroprusside Levels in Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Guru Akankhya , Dwivedi Padmanabh
Published: October 2023

Stevia rebaudiana, a natural sweetener source, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential as a sugar substitute with minimal caloric impact. To maximize its cultivation and production efficiency, it is imperative to optimize its growth conditions. In the present study, we performed a pot experiment in the polyhouse of the Department of Horticulture at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi and investigated the effects of salinity stress (NaCl), exogenous application of putrescine (Put), a polyamine, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a donor of nitic oxide, as foliar spray on different morpho-physiological traits such as plant height, number of leaves per plant and SPAD or chlorophyll content in Stevia over different time intervals under in vivo conditions. Our findings revealed that mild salinity stress (15 and 30 mM NaCl) caused a lesser reduction in plant growth characteristics. However, excessive salinity (120 mM NaCl) had adverse effects on plant health, particularly at 15 days. We observed that higher concentrations of Put (1 mM and 2 mM) positively influenced all the studied growth indices as compared to control and NaCl treated plants. This indicates the potential for Put to be used as a growth regulator in Stevia cultivation. Similarly, 150 µM and 200 µM SNP treatments produced best results in Stevia plants by significantly enhancing plant height, leaf number and SPAD at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days. Therefore, SNP can be used as a potential growth promoting agent in Stevia plants. These findings have significant implications for sustainable Stevia cultivation, ensuring a stable supply of natural, low-calorie sweeteners for the food and beverage industry.
Significance of Mulching on Soil Conservation
Authors: Bhargavi K. , Anusha O.
Published: October 2023

The rapidly expanding global population, coupled with limited accessible freshwater resources and recurrent climatic fluctuations, have placed significant stress on humanity. This pressure has necessitated decisive actions to curb water wastage. Concurrently, water conservation initiatives have gained momentum, particularly within the world's largest water-intensive sector, agriculture. One notable advancement in enhancing water use efficiency in agronomy is the widespread adoption of drip irrigation. This method involves the precise delivery of water directly to the root zone of crops, minimizing water losses up to 70% attributed to evaporation and distribution inefficiencies. Furthermore, the synergistic application of mulching in conjunction with drip irrigation in arid crop cultivation has emerged as a robust strategy for alleviating water stress in agriculture. Mulch, comprising natural, synthetic, or blended materials, serves as a protective layer between the soil and the atmosphere. Its multifaceted benefits include efficient soil moisture retention, regulation of soil temperature, prevention of nutrient leaching, improved fertilizer utilization, erosion resistance, weed suppression, and aesthetic enhancement of landscapes. This review paper comprehensively explores various facets of mulching, underscoring its role as a dynamic tool for water and soil management in agriculture while preserving the intrinsic value of cultivated crops.
Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Triumfetta cordifolia A. Rich. (Tiliaceae) Root Methanol/Dichloromethane Extract
Authors: Jenna Chameni Nkouankam Maeva , Laure Nguemfo Edwige , Baptiste Hzounda Jean , Pierre Ngene Jean , Camelie Nguemnang Tchatchouang Russelle , Christianne Nsegbe Annick , Augustine Kuinze Kojap , Elise Mbogbe Nadia , Pascale Songue Sylvie , Bertin Sone Enone , Meva Francois Eya’ane
Published: October 2023

Objective: Triumfetta cordifolia is a terrestrial plant of the Tiliaceae family used traditionally for the treatment of many diseases. Different parts are traditionally used for the treatment of diseases that cause pain and inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol/dichloromethane extract of T. cordifolia roots in animal models.

Methodology: Phytochemical screening and the toxicity study of methanol/dichloromethane extract of Triumfetta cordifolia roots were performed.  Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid and formalin tests. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation method and In vivo on carrageenan-induced oedema. The extract was given orally at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of body weight.

Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoïds, polyphenols, reducing sugars, tannins, coumarins and steroids. No signs of toxicity were observed after 14 days experiment. Regarding antinociceptive activity, Triumfetta cordifolia (200 mg/kg) has decreased significantly (P ˂ 0.0001) the number of abdominal contortions and also significantly inhibited the formalin-induced neurogenic pain at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. In anti-inflammatory tests, the extract inhibited oedema (P˂ 0,001) at 50mg/kg at the fourth hour and also protected the serum albumin bovine denaturation (P <0.05) at a concentration of 50 μg/ml.

Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that the methanol/dichloromethane extract is without acute toxicity and has peripheral and central analgesic properties, as well as anti-inflammatory properties In vivo and In vitro.
The Electronic Inbox—Benefits, Questions, and Solutions for the Road Ahead
Authors: Rotenstein Lisa S. , Landman Adam , Bates David W.
Published: October 2023

This Viewpoint looks at digital communication between patients and physicians, including approaches to provide adequate support for these efforts that balance patient needs with appropriate time investments from clinicians.
Diagnostic Challenges in Atrioventricular Block Preceding Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Xin , Luo Guanhao , Liu Yang
Published: October 2023

This case report describes a patient in their 30s with ventricular tachycardia and coexisting atrioventricular block and atrial fibrillation with normal cardiac structure and function.
Analysis of Devices Authorized by the FDA for Clinical Decision Support in Critical Care
Authors: Lee Jessica T. , Moffett Alexander T. , Maliha George , Faraji Zahra , Kanter Genevieve P. , Weissman Gary E.
Published: October 2023

This case series study examines the clinical evidence cited for US Food and Drug Administration–approved clinical decision support devices for use in the critical care setting.
Unveiling the Origin of Air Stability in Polyanion and Layered‐Oxide Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries and Their Practical Application Considerations
Authors: Yang Huiya , Zhang Qing , Chen Minghui , Yang Yang , Zhao Jinbao
Published: October 2023

Although the electrochemical properties of various cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are intensively studied on the material level, the evaluation and comparison from the perspective of future practical implementation are still lacking. In particular, air stability, which is often overlooked, will not only affect the electrode manufacturing processes but also cause detrimental structural change. Herein, two recently commercialized cathode products of NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) and Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) are adopted to evaluate their stability in ambient atmospheres and investigate the structural degradation mechanisms. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the stability of NFM is significantly inferior to that of NVP during air exposure owing to the thermodynamically preferred chemical transformation of NFM. Furthermore, Raman mapping and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal the generation of alkaline, which accelerates the structural degradation of NFM. Accordingly, a simple second‐sintering strategy is proposed to enhance the air stability of NFM by removing impurities and retrieving surface‐precipitated Na+ into the crystalline host. In situ XRD reveals the stabilized crystal structure after the second‐sintering treatment not only effectively inhibits the chemical transformation of NFM in air but also endows the improved cycling stability (a high capacity retention of 90.7% after 200 cycles).
Combinatorial Effect of Biomaterials and Extracellular Vesicle Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Malhotra Kamal , Van Remortel Sophie , Ly Valentina , Davis Darryl R.
Published: October 2023

Heart failure, a pervasive global health burden, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising contenders for cardiac repair, owing to their profound influence on fibrosis and inflammation. Merging EVs with biomaterials holds the potential for a synergistic leap in therapeutic efficacy. In this review, the impact of combining EVs with biomaterials in preclinical heart failure models is scrutinized. Fifteen studies, predominantly employing mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived EVs along with hyaluronic acid or peptides in coronary ligation models, meet these stringent criteria. The amalgamation of EVs and biomaterials consistently enhances cardiac ejection fraction (1.39; 95% CI: 0.68, 2.11; p = 0.0001) and fractional shortening (1.46, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.22; p = 0.0002) compared to EV monotherapy. Secondary outcomes similarly showcased improvement in the combined treatment group. Although the number of studies analyzed is modest, no indications of publication bias surface. In summary, combination therapy with EVs and biomaterials enhances therapeutic benefit in preclinical heart failure models. The consistent improvement observed across diverse EV sources, biomaterials, and animal models underscores the exciting potential of this synergistic approach.
Mechanical Properties of Conducting Printed Nanosheet Network Thin Films Under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Sinnott Aaron D. , Kelly Adam , Gabbett Cian , Munuera Jose , Doolan Luke , Möbius Matthias , Ippolito Stefano , Samorì Paolo , Coleman Jonathan N. , Cross Graham L.W.
Published: October 2023

Thin film networks of solution processed nanosheets show remarkable promise for use in a broad range of applications including strain sensors, energy storage, printed devices, textile electronics, and more. While it is known that their electronic properties rely heavily on their morphology, little is known of their mechanical nature, a glaring omission given the effect mechanical deformation has on the morphology of porous systems and the promise of mechanical post processing for tailored properties. Here, this work employs a recent advance in thin film mechanical testing called the Layer Compression Test to perform the first in situ analysis of printed nanosheet network compression. Due to the well‐defined deformation geometry of this unique test, this work is able to explore the out‐of‐plane elastic, plastic, and creep deformation in these systems, extracting properties of elastic modulus, plastic yield, viscoelasticity, tensile failure and sheet bending vs. slippage under both out of plane uniaxial compression and tension. This work characterizes these for a range of networks of differing porosities and sheet sizes, for low and high compression, as well as the effect of chemical cross linking. This work explores graphene and MoS2 networks, from which the results can be extended to printed nanosheet networks as a whole.
A Promising Mechanism for Photonic Spin Hall Effect and Refractive Index Sensing: Surface Exciton Polaritons
Authors: Dong Peng , Xiang Yinjie , Li Ruizhao , Wang Chenglong , Cheng Cheng , Cheng Jie
Published: October 2023

Surface polaritons are surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of a medium, which play an important role in enhancing the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE). Among them, the successful excitation of surface exciton polaritons (SEPs) often requires cryogenic temperature, which limits their practical applications. In this contribution, a promising mechanism is presented for enhancing the photonic SHE by taking advantage of room‐temperature SEPs in a prism‐glass‐TDBC‐air configuration. By depositing the TDBC layer on plasmon active metal, the hybrid polariton, namely, surface plasmon exciton polariton (SPEP) can be observed, which gives rise to the further enhancement of photonic SHE. Furthermore, a refractive index sensor based on SEP (or SPEP) enhanced photonic SHE is proposed with the superior sensing performance. The results pave the way for the realization of giant photonic SHE in this simple and promising method, and offer the opportunity for developing highly sensitive optical sensors.
2‐Hydroxypyridine‐based Ligands as Promoter in Ruthenium(II) Catalyzed C‐H Bond Activation/Arylation Reactions
Authors: Binnani Chinky , Arora Sumangla , Priya Bhanu , Gupta Puneet , Singh Sanjay K.
Published: October 2023

A class of 2‐hydroxypyridine based ligands are explored to achieve enhanced catalytic activity for ortho‐C−H bond activation/arylation reaction over [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 catalyst in water. Extensive studies using a series of substituted 2‐hydroxypyridine based ligands (L1–L6) inferred that 5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐hydroxypyridine (L6) exhibited favorable effects to enhance the catalytic activity of Ru(II) catalyst for ortho C−H bond arylation of 2‐phenylpyridine by 8 folds compared to those performed without ligands. The (η6‐p‐cymene)Ru – L6 system also exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for ortho C−H bond arylation of 2‐phenylpyridine using a variety of aryl halides. NMR and mass investigations inferred the presence of several ligand coordinated Ru(II) species, suggesting the involvement of these species in C−H bond activation reaction. Further in concurrence with the experimental findings, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations also evidenced the prominent role of 2‐hydroxypyridine based ligands in Ru(II) catalyzed C−H bond arylation of 2‐phenylpyridine with lower energy barrier for the C−H activation step.
Advancements in Biomass‐Derived Activated Carbon for Sustainable Hydrogen Storage: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ferdous Ar Rafi , Shah Syed Shaheen , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Barai Hasi Rani , Marwat Mohsin Ali , Oyama Munetaka , Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: October 2023

The increasing global energy demand, which is being driven by population growth and urbanization, necessitates the exploration of sustainable energy sources. While traditional energy generation predominantly relies on fossil fuels, it also contributes to alarming CO2 emissions. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative energy carrier with its zero‐carbon emission profile. However, effective hydrogen storage remains a challenge. When exposed to hydrogen, conventional metallic vessels, once considered to be the primary hydrogen carriers, are prone to brittleness‐induced cracking. This has spurred interest in alternative storage solutions, particularly porous materials like metal‐organic frameworks and activated carbon (AC). Among these, biomass‐derived AC stands out for its eco‐friendly nature, cost‐effectiveness, and optimal adsorption properties. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the synthesis, characterization, and hydrogen storage capabilities of AC. The unique benefits of biomass‐derived sources are highlighted, as is the pivotal role of chemical and physical activation processes. Furthermore, we identify existing challenges and propose future research directions in AC‐based hydrogen storage. This compilation aims to serve as a foundation for potential innovations in sustainable hydrogen storage solutions.
Enabling N2 to Ammonia Conversion in Bi2WO6‐Based Materials: A New Avenue in Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Verma Atul , Dhanaraman Esakkinaveen , Fu Yen‐Pei
Published: October 2023

The field of photocatalysis has been evolving since 1972 since Honda and Fujishima's initial push for using light as an energy source to accomplish redox reactions. Since then, many photocatalysts have been studied, semiconductors or otherwise. A new photocatalytic application to convert N2 gas to ammonia (N2 fixation or nitrogen reduction reaction; NRR) has emerged. Many researchers have steered their research in this direction due to developments in the ease of ammonia detection through UV‐Vis spectroscopy. This concept will specifically discuss Bi2WO6‐based materials, techniques to enhance their photocatalytic activity (CO2 reduction, H2 production, pollutant removal, etc.), and their current application in photocatalytic NRR. Initially, a brief introduction of Bi2WO6 along with its VB and CB potentials will be compared to various redox potentials. A final topic of interest would be a brief description of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation with additional consideration to Bi2WO6‐based materials in N2 fixation. A major problem with photocatalytic NRR is the false ammonia quantification in Bi‐based materials, which will be discussed in detail and also ways to minimize them.
Clinical outcome of patients treated with endoscopic decompression after failure of detorsion for uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus
Authors: Nakamatsu Dai , Nishida Tsutomu , Sugimoto Aya , Matsumoto Kengo , Yamamoto Masashi
Published: October 2023

Background

Endoscopic treatment is the first‐line therapy for uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus (SV). However, there are few reports on the clinical course of SV. We investigated the clinical courses of successful and unsuccessful endoscopic detorsions for bowel decompression in patients with uncomplicated SV.

Methods

Between May 2009 and February 2022, patients with uncomplicated SV who underwent endoscopic detorsion or decompression only if detorsion failed were enrolled. A case analysis (all cases) and a patient analysis (first episode cases) were performed. Outcomes were compared between the detorsion and decompression groups, including length of hospital stay, recurrence rate, and days to readmission due to SV.

Results

Seventy patients were included in this study. The success rate of endoscopic detorsion of the SV was 28.6%. There were no differences in age, sex, or other characteristics between the two groups. The hospital stay tended to be longer in the decompression group than in the detorsion group. However, there was no difference in the 30‐day, 6‐month, or 12‐month recurrence rate or the number of days to readmission for SV between the two groups in the case and patient analyses.

Conclusions

This study suggests that endoscopic decompression is a feasible alternative to endoscopic detorsion in patients with uncomplicated SV.
Prediction of intensified ethanol fermentation of sugarcane using a deep learning soft sensor and process analytical technology
Authors: Rivera Elmer C , Yamakawa Celina K , Rossell Carlos EV , Nolasco Jonas , Kwon Hyun J
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Intensified ethanol fermentation produces higher ethanol concentrations while reducing water and energy requirements. Nevertheless, the inhibitory and detrimental effect of the cellular stress barriers in this process further complicates the nonlinear dynamic relationship between the variables that directly reflect the fermentation quality. These key variables are hard to measure in real time and therefore cannot be directly controlled.

RESULTS

This work presents the development of a soft sensor that predicts in real time the ethanol and substrate concentrations of an intensified fermentation. The soft sensor uses feedforward neural networks (FNNs) with easily measurable process analytical technology (PAT) tools. The application of advanced PAT tools such as redox potential and capacitance, in addition to temperature and pH are explored as input variables. The complex kinetic relationship between the studied variables was captured with FNN architectures with a single hidden layer and between 95 and 175 hidden neurons for the different cases studied. Acceptable predictions are achieved for the concentration of ethanol (RMSE = 9.5 and R2 = 0.97) and substrate (RMSE = 17.02 and R2 = 0.92).

CONCLUSIONS

The results confirm that the proposed soft sensor can accurately predict the ethanol and substrate concentrations. Collectively, capacitance, redox potential, temperature and pH provide a powerful platform of PAT tools that can directly infer key variables showing the fermentation quality in real time. This study provides a significant step towards the systematic development of a reliable soft sensor with integration of advanced PAT tools. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of the platinum surface state on the selectivity of the electrochemical synthesis of sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Girenko Dmitry , Murashevych Bohdan , Velichenko Alexander
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

The synthesis of sodium hypochlorite solutions by electrolysis of low‐concentration and isotonic NaCl solutions using the most available dimensionally stable anodes from platinized titanium is promising from the point of view of the economics of the process. However, such synthesis is seriously complicated by the formation of toxic sodium chlorate impurity.

RESULTS

It is shown that in low‐concentration NaCl solutions under anodic polarization, the platinum surface rapidly passes into an oxidized passive state with a NaClO current efficiency (CE) of less than 30% and CE of NaClO3 of more than 20%. Carrying out short‐term electrolysis on the reduced surface of platinum makes it possible to increase the CE of NaClO to almost 90% in the absence of chlorate accumulation. Carrying out electrolysis in the mode of periodic change of electrode polarity (current reverse) allows solving the problem of anode passivation and significantly increasing the purity of the resulting sodium hypochlorite solutions.

CONCLUSION

Electrolysis of an isotonic 0.15 mol L−1 NaCl solution in the current reverse mode allows increasing CE(NaClO) from 21% to 40% and significantly decreasing CE(NaClO3) from 21% to 4%. Based on the results obtained, a membraneless electrolyzer can be constructed to produce disinfectant solutions ‘on the spot’ using a commercially available pharmaceutical isotonic solution of NaCl. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Influence of Medicaid Expansion on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presentation and Survival
Authors: Arch Rebecca Sinard , Fei‐Zhang David J. , Patel Urjeet , Rastatter Jeffrey C.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To compare head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stage at presentation and survival in Medicaid‐expanded states versus nonexpanded states.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

Methods

The Head and Neck with human papillomavirus Status Database within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was queried for cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosed in the years 2010 to 2016. Cases were grouped according to their respective state Medicaid expansion status. Multivariable logistic regressions and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate associations with stage IV disease and survival.

Results

Compared to nonexpanded states, Medicaid‐expanded states had a significantly larger proportion of Medicaid patients (20.3% vs 16.7%, P = .0009) and a significantly smaller proportion of uninsured patients (1.7% vs 10.1%, P < .0001). The case selection process resulted in 2215 patients meeting inclusion criteria. In multivariable analysis, cases under Medicaid expansion were 31% less likely to present with stage IV disease compared to cases in nonexpanded states (odds ratio: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51‐0.93). In the multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, cases under Medicaid expansion had significantly better mortality outcomes and were 32% less likely to die compared to cases in nonexpanded states (hazard ratio: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.84).

Conclusion

Medicaid expansion is associated with fewer stage IV cases and improved survival of HNSCC cases. These findings support continued efforts to expand Medicaid coverage.
Hyaluronic Acid Gel as Middle Ear and External Auditory Canal Packing Material in Tympanoplasty
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad , Faramarzi Ali , Roosta Sareh , Pishgar Sajad , Owji Seyed Hossein
Published: October 2023

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid gel (HAG) on tympanic membrane (TM) graft success rate and audiometric outcomes in patients with large TM perforations during tympanoplasty.

Study Design

A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Tertiary hospital.

Methods

In the study, we performed tympanoplasty via postauricular approach on 488 ears and compared 2 groups: the control group (n = 247) with absorbable gelatin sponge packing and the HAG group (n = 241) with HAG packing in both the middle ear and medial 2/3 of the external auditory canal. We compared the graft success rates and postoperative audiometric outcomes between the 2 groups.

Results

In a study of 488 ears (HAG group = 241, control group = 247), the HAG group had a higher graft success rate of 96.7% (233/241 ears) compared to the control group's 91.5% (226/247 ears; P = .015). No significant difference was observed between HAG and control in postoperative ABG closure within 20 dB (HAG: 66.8% or 161 ears; control: 59.1% or 146 ears; P = .078). There were no significant differences in improvements, compared to their preoperative condition, in mean bone conduction (HAG: −0.1 ± 6.5; control: 1.3 ± 7.6), air conduction (HAG: 8.7 ± 12.1; control: 9.7 ± 13.1), air‐bone gap (HAG: 8.8 ± 10.6; control: 8.4 ± 12.0), and speech reception threshold (HAG: 9.4 ± 11.8; control: 9.2 ± 13.5) between the control and HAG groups (two one‐sided T test, P < .001).

Conclusion

In tympanoplasty, HAG packing in the middle ear and external auditory canal yields higher graft success rates than absorbable gelatin sponge, while audiometric outcomes are similar for both the HAG and absorbable gelatin sponge packing cohorts.
Modelling of damage and failure within polymeric adhesives
Authors: Lamm Lukas , Sistig Jan , Pfeifer Jan Mirco , Holthusen Hagen , Felder Sebastian , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie
Published: October 2023

Within this contribution, we propose a fully thermo‐mechanical coupled isotropic damage model for polymeric adhesives under finite strains. This model is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into mechanical and thermal parts. We consider rate‐dependent damage behaviour (e.g. creep damage) of the material by applying a Perzyna‐type ansatz for the damage evolution equations. To overcome the pronounced mesh dependencies which would result from the usage of a local damage model, we make use of a gradient‐extended damage formulation. Besides the main aspects of model, we show the thermodynamically consistent derivation of constitutive quantities as well as the numerical treatment of the governing equations. Finally, we show selected numerical examples to demonstrate the capabilities of the model.
Modeling of additive manufacturing processes with time‐dependent material properties using physics‐informed neural networks
Authors: Ekanayaka Virama , Hürkamp André
Published: October 2023

Recently, physics‐informed neural networks (PINNs) have been effectively utilized in a wide range of problems within the domains of applied mathematics and engineering. In PINNs, the governing physical equations are directly incorporated into the loss function of the network and a conventional labeled dataset is not required for its training. In order to successfully simulate the additive manufacturing processes with concrete, a novel process‐based FE‐simulation has been developed where the Drucker–Prager plasticity model is used as the material model. In this work, we will examine the deployment of a PINN to substitute the Newton–Raphson iterations that occur in the return‐mapping algorithm of the Drucker–Prager plasticity model.
Designing structures with polymorphic uncertainty: Enhanced decision making using information reduction measures to quantify robustness
Authors: Böttcher Maria , Graf Wolfgang , Kaliske Michael
Published: October 2023

The application of information reduction measures (IRMs) can provide valuable insight and enhance the process of design optimization when dealing with data uncertainty. For the engineering task of designing structures or products, an adequate modeling of data uncertainty is required. Therefore, a consideration of both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in combined form as polymorphic uncertain input variables is utilized. The resulting uncertain output quantities are post‐processed to provide relevant insights into robustness and performance for the design optimization. To this end, IRMs are applied, categorized into representative and uncertainty quantifying measures. Various IRMs exist, but clear recommendations or explanations of why certain uncertainty quantifying measures are chosen are scarce, although different features of uncertain quantities are considered with different measures. The aim of this contribution is to give an insight to commonly applied IRMs and the specific information of the uncertain quantity they reflect. Additionally, handling results of nested uncertainty analyses of polymorphic uncertain quantities regarding robustness towards aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty is investigated.
Fiber and future: Unleashing the power of industrial hemp waste through epoxy composites
Authors: Soni Priyanka , Sinha Shishir
Published: October 2023

Natural fiber composites offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer composites, addressing the environmental concerns associated with traditional materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of flame‐retardant additives (magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 [A] and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 [B]) on hemp fiber‐based epoxy composites with a different fire retardant (FR) loading, that is, 0%, 8%, 12%, and 24%. An evaluation of flame‐retardant effectiveness on composites was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 horizontal burning, morphological analysis scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and char residue analysis. The results show that introducing the flame retardants in the hemp–epoxy composites improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of hemp–epoxy composites When composites were incorporated with flame retardants, the Horizontal burning rate was decreased, and LOI was increased. The lowest Horizontal burning rate of prepared composites was recorded as 11.6 mm/min, and the highest LOI was 25.3%. SEM shows uniform distribution of FR particles in the prepared composite. It is concluded that adding flame‐retardant additives efficiently improves the flame retardancy properties of the prepared composites.

Highlights

The mechanical and flammability behavior of developed composites were investigated after adding magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide to composites.

An enhancement in flame retardancy and a slight reduction in mechanical properties are observed in composites.

The purpose of this study is to expand the area where flame‐retardant ramie fabrics may be applied.
Resistive Mechanisms and Microscopic Electrical Models of Metal Oxide Resistive Memory
Authors: Pan Jinyan , He Hongyang , Li Tiejun , Gao Yunlong , Yang Shuya , Lin Xiangyujie
Published: October 2023

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) has emerged as a competitive candidate for nonvolatile memory due to its high speed, low power consumption, simple structure, strong scalability, and CMOS compatibility. Herein, an overview of the electrodes and resistive layers is first discussed according to the material properties and structure of RRAM. Then, recent advances in the resistive mechanisms of RRAM are comprehensively discussed and evaluated based on experimental research results and fundamental physics principles. Then, the electrochemical metallization mechanism and the valence change metallization mechanism are thoroughly studied, as well as the formation, fracture, and resistance state change behavior of conductive filaments in RRAM based on the ion motion type. Then, various electron transport‐dominated resistance mechanisms are reviewed, and electron transport and resistance switching in the space–charge‐limited current mode is thoroughly examined using energy band theory. As a result, a theoretical reference is provided for the development of nanothin‐film devices.
Epitaxial Growth of δ‐Ga2O3 Thin Films Grown on YSZ and Sapphire Substrates Using β‐Fe2O3 Buffer Layers via Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Shimazoe Kazuki , Yoshimoto Masahiro
Published: October 2023

Herein, epitaxial δ‐Ga2O3 thin films are successfully grown on various planes of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and c‐plane sapphire substrates by inserting the same crystal‐structured β‐Fe2O3 and bcc‐In2O3 buffer layers via mist chemical vapor deposition. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal that various planes of δ‐Ga2O3 thin films are grown in both the out‐of‐plane and in‐plane orientations using the same crystal‐structured buffer layers to reduce the lattice mismatch. δ‐Ga2O3 (111) is demonstrated to grow on the YSZ (111) in the narrow growth temperature range of 575–675 °C due to thermal instability of β‐Fe2O3 buffer layers. Next, a c‐plane sapphire wafer as a substrate using two buffer layers for the growth of δ‐Ga2O3 is investigated. XRD 2θ–ω scan reveals that the mixture of α‐ and δ‐Ga2O3 thin films is grown on Fe2O3/In2O3/c‐plane sapphire. This is because the Fe2O3 buffer layers are phase separated into α and β phases due to the large grain size of the In2O3 buffer layer. XRD φ‐scan profiles indicate that the δ‐Ga2O3 thin film grown on sapphire is composed of a twin domain. This study contributes to our understanding of the growth mechanism of δ‐Ga2O3 and its future applications in devices.
Recombinant human diamine oxidase prevents hemodynamic effects of continuous histamine infusion in guinea pigs
Authors: Weiss-Tessbach Matthias , Reiter Birgit , Gludovacz Elisabeth , Boehm Thomas , Jilma Bernd , Rager-Resch Marlene
Published: October 2023

Objective

To test whether recombinant human diamine oxidase (rhDAO) with a mutated heparin-binding motif (mHBM), which shows an increased alpha-distribution half-life, prevents histamine-induced hemodynamic effects.

Material

Thirty-eight female guinea pigs were either pretreated with rhDOA_mHBM or buffer.

Treatment and methods

Guinea pigs received a continuous infusion of histamine. Heart rate (HR), body core temperature and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured and blood was collected.

Results

Continuous intravenous infusion of 8 µg/kg/min histamine increased mean peak plasma histamine levels from 5 (± 0.3 SEM) to 28 ng/mL (± 4.9 SEM) after 30 min but had no effect on oxygen saturation. Guinea pigs pretreated with 4 mg/kg rhDAO_mHBM showed lower mean HR (p = 0.008), histamine plasma concentrations (p = 0.002), and higher body core temperatures at the end of the histamine challenge (p = 0.02) compared to controls. Cessation of histamine infusion led to a rebound increase in MAP, but this hemodynamic instability was prevented by rhDAO_mHBM. Pretreatment with 4 mg/kg rhDAO_mHBM reduced urinary histamine (p = 0.004) and 1-Methylhistamine (p < 0.0001) concentrations compared to controls.

Conclusions

Prophylactic infusion of rhDAO_mHBM prevents hemodynamic effects in a guinea pig model of continuous histamine infusion. These findings might help in the translation from animals to humans and in the selection of the optimal dosing of rhDAO_mHBM during human histamine challenge studies.
Influence of the moisture content on the fracture energy and tensile strength of hardwood spotted gum sawn timber and adhesive bonds (gluelines)
Authors: Lu Peiqing , Gilbert Benoit P. , Kumar Chandan , McGavin Robert L. , Karampour Hassan
Published: October 2023

This study aims to measure the fracture properties, including crack initiation and propagation, of Australia’s native forest grown spotted gum ([SPG], Corymbia citriodora) sawn timber and associated adhesive bonds at different moisture content levels. The collected data were used as input values to develop a numerical model to understand the delamination of SPG glulam beams when exposed to a wetting and drying process. Thus, Mode I and Mode II fracture energies for crack propagation along radial and glueline directions were experimentally investigated under various moisture content levels (8%, 12% and 16%). Single-end notched beams and compact shear specimens were used to capture the Mode I and Mode II fracture energies, respectively. For crack initiation, the tensile strength perpendicular to the grain and the shear strength (taken as the maximum stress from the Mode II fracture tests) were also measured. In total, 200 experimental tests were performed. One-way analysis of variance statistical analyses showed that the fracture energies and shear strengths were independent of the range of moisture content levels investigated. In addition, the collected data were compared with the limited published fracture properties of other hardwood species.