bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining ground stability investigation with exploratory drilling for mine water geothermal energy development; lessons from exploration and monitoring
Authors: Walls D. B. , Banks D. , Boyce A. J. , Townsend D. H. , Burnside N. M.
Published: March 2023

Mine water geothermal energy's potential for decarbonization of heating and cooling in the UK has led to increased national interest and development of new projects. In this study, mine water geothermal exploration has been coupled with ground investigation techniques to assess ground stability alongside seasonal mine water hydrogeology and geochemistry. Drilling operations in late 2020 at Dollar Colliery, Clackmannanshire, Scotland, encountered mined coal seams with varying conditions (void, intact, waste, etc.), reflecting different techniques used throughout a protracted mining history. We found that time and resources spent grouting casing through worked mine seams (ensuring hydraulic separation) can be saved by accessing deeper seams where those above are unworked. Continued assessment of existing water discharges and completion of boreholes with slotted liners into mined coal seams and fractured roof strata allowed chemical and water level changes to be monitored across a 1 year period. Mine water heads and mine discharge flow rates vary seasonally and are elevated between late autumn and early spring. The mine water has a low dissolved solute content. Dissolved sulfate-
34
S isotope data suggest increased pyrite oxidation during lower water levels. These findings can inform future building decisions, whereby housing developments on site could use the mine water for heating.

Supplementary material:
Borehole data and completion diagrams are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22188801

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Early Career Research collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/early-career-research
Is There an Author in This Labyrinth?
Authors: Brooker Sam
Published: March 2023

In 2017 Professor of Literature John Farrell published The Varieties of Authorial Intention. Joining other dissenting voices past and present, this work addressed what the author considered a key tenet of mid- to late 20th century literary criticism: that reference to authorial intention is out of bounds, literary works being constituted by the text alone. Hypertext fiction has its own complex relationship with the notion of intention. From earlier entanglement in post-structuralist approaches to network textuality and the potential for readers to evade authors via branching narratives, hypertext fiction emerged as a distinctive form of textuality that can express intention in unique and unexpected ways. How effectively do the three modes of authorial intention Farrell identifies - communicative, artistic, practical - map to hypertext fiction both past and future? Can this model - devised in the context of linear print writing - accommodate the unique form of textuality represented by hypertext, with its own affordances and opportunities to express intent?
A Practical Algorithm for Volume Estimation based on Billiard Trajectories and Simulated Annealing
Authors: Chalkis Apostolos , Emiris Ioannis Z. , Fisikopoulos Vissarion
Published: March 2023

We tackle the problem of efficiently approximating the volume of convex polytopes, when these are given in three different representations: H-polytopes, which have been studied extensively, V-polytopes, and zonotopes (Z-polytopes). We design a novel practical Multiphase Monte Carlo algorithm that leverages random walks based on billiard trajectories, as well as a new empirical convergence test and a simulated annealing schedule of adaptive convex bodies. After tuning several parameters of our proposed method, we present a detailed experimental evaluation of our tuned algorithm using a rich dataset containing Birkhoff polytopes and polytopes from structural biology. Our open-source implementation tackles problems that have been intractable so far, offering the first software to scale up in thousands of dimensions for H-polytopes and in the hundreds for V- and Z-polytopes on moderate hardware. Last, we illustrate our software in evaluating Z-polytope approximations.
DMGF-Net: An Efficient Dynamic Multi-Graph Fusion Network for Traffic Prediction
Authors: Li He , Jin Duo , Li Xuejiao , Huang Jianbin , Ma Xiaoke , Cui Jiangtao , Huang Deshuang , Qiao Shaojie , Yoo Jaesoo
Published: March 2023

Traffic prediction is the core task of intelligent transportation system (ITS) and accurate traffic prediction can greatly improve the utilization of public resources. Dynamic interaction of multiple spatial relationships will influence the accuracy of traffic prediction. However, many existing methods only consider static spatial relationships, which restricts the accuracy of the prediction. To address the above problem, in this article, we propose the Dynamic Multi-Graph Fusion Network (DMGF-Net) to model the spatial-temporal correlations in traffic network. In the DMGF-Net, the fusion graph is designed to leverage and extract the various spatial correlations between different regions by fusing spatial graph, semantic graph, and spatial-semantic graph. Further, to dynamically learn the importance of different neighbors, we design the Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Unit (DSTU), which can adjust the aggregation weights of different neighbors by combining the convolution operation and the attention mechanism. It can selectively aggregate spatial-temporal features from different neighbors. Extensive experiments on three datasets demonstrate that effectiveness of our model, especially on PEMS08, our model achieves an increase of about 8.55% and 7.55% in terms of MAE and RMSE than the static model STGCN.
Computational Resource Allocation in Fog Computing: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Bachiega Joao , Costa Breno , Carvalho Leonardo R. , Rosa Michel J. F. , Araujo Aleteia
Published: March 2023

Fog computing is a paradigm that allows the provisioning of computational resources and services at the edge of the network, closer to the end devices and users, complementing cloud computing. The heterogeneity and large number of devices are challenges to obtaining optimized resource allocation in this environment. Over time, some surveys have been presented on resource management in fog computing. However, they now lack a broader and deeper view about this subject, considering the recent publications. This article presents a systematic literature review with a focus on resource allocation for fog computing, and in a more comprehensive way than the existing works. The survey is based on 108 selected publications from 2012 to 2022. The analysis has exposed their main techniques, metrics used, evaluation tools, virtualization methods, architecture, and domains where the proposed solutions were applied. The results show an updated and comprehensive view about resource allocation in fog computing. The main challenges and open research questions are discussed, and a new fog computing resource management cycle is proposed.
Influence of Pulse Laser Energy on Structural and Magnetic Properties of CoFe2O4 and CoLa0.01Fe1.99O4 Thin Films
Authors: Ismail Mukhlis M. , Shaker Suaad S. , Kamil Raghad A.
Published: March 2023

Cobalt ferrite and CoLa0.01Fe1.99O4 thin film were prepared using the pulsed laser deposition method with varying pulse laser energy. XRD analysis was used to investigate the structure of ferrite thin films. The study was expanded to include morphology and magnetic properties. The prepared films showed a strong peak at (311), which belongs to the cubic spinel cobalt ferrite phase with the presence of some peaks belonging to α-Fe2O3 as hematite phase that depressed when doping with La ion, and the crystallization improvement significantly after intensity increases by increasing the pulsed laser energy from 500 to 650 mJ. The lattice constant of Cobalt ferrite thin films increased with the increase in the laser pulse energy while the crystallite size deduced from the Williamson Hall method showed decreases with the increases of pulse laser energy. The saturation, remnant magnetization, and coercivity of prepared films were studied according to increasing pule laser energy and Lanthanum doping.
Endothelial mechanisms for inactivation of inflammation-induced hyperpermeability
Authors: Nepali Prerna R. , Burboa Pía C. , Lillo Mauricio A. , Mujica Patricio E. , Iwahashi Toru , Zhang Jihang , Durán Ricardo G. , Boric Mauricio , Golenhofen Nikola , Kim David D. , Alves Natascha G. , Thomas Andrew P. , Breslin Jerome W. , Sánchez Fabiola A. , Durán Walter N.
Published: March 2023

Termination of microvascular hyperpermeability has been so far accepted to be a passive result of the removal of the applied proinflammatory agonists. We provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that 1) inactivation of hyperpermeability is an actively regulated process, 2) proinflammatory agonists (PAF and VEGF) stimulate microvascular hyperpermeability and initiate endothelial mechanisms that terminate hyperpermeability, and 3) eNOS location-translocation is critical in the activation-inactivation cascade of endothelial hyperpermeability.
Prediction of Automatic Scram during Abnormal Conditions of Nuclear Power Plants Based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Dropout
Authors: Chen Hanying , Gao Puzhen , Tan Sichao , Yuan Hongsheng , Guan Mingxiang
Published: March 2023

A deep-learning model was proposed for predicting the remaining time to automatic scram during abnormal conditions of nuclear power plants (NPPs) based on long short-term memory (LSTM) and dropout. The proposed model was trained by simulated condition data of abnormal conditions; the input of the model was the deviation of the monitoring parameters from the normal operating state, and the output was the remaining time from the current moment to the upcoming reactor trip. The predicted remaining time to the reactor trip decreases with the development of abnormal conditions; thus, the output of the proposed model generates a predicted countdown to the reactor trip. The proposed prediction model showed better prediction performance than the Elman neural network model in the experiments but encountered an overfitting problem for testing data containing noise. Therefore, dropout was applied to further improve the generalization ability of the prediction model based on LSTM. The proposed automatic scram prediction model can provide NPP operators with an alert to the automatic scram during abnormal conditions.
Integrated Microgrid Islanding Detection with Phase Angle Difference for Reduced Nondetection Zone
Authors: Lingampalli Bangar Raju , Kotamraju Subba Rao , Kumar M. Kiran , Reddy Ch. Rami , Pushkarna Mukesh , Bajaj Mohit , Kotb Hossam , Alphonse Sadam
Published: March 2023

Microgrids with distributed generation (DG) are rapidly coming into distribution networks to supply load demand in order to preserve ecological balance and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Power electronic advancements are making renewables dispatchable to loads while turning passive networks to active with bidirectional power flow. The IEEE-1547-2018 regulations enforced certain standards on microgrids, including the ability to detect unintended failures, island the microgrid in less than 2 seconds, and feed connected loads while maintaining voltage, frequency, and power quality. There are numerous islanding techniques accessible, including passive, active, hybrid, and communication techniques. The active techniques degrade power quality due to injection of deviations, passive type leaves larger nondetection zone (NDZ), and communication type are costly. The hybrid type combines both passive and active methods. To get away from all these issues, a passive technique is formulated in this paper, which measures the differential phase angle of voltage and current at DG output, to detect islanding. This approach reliably identifies islanding in 20 ms at nearly zero NDZ. This approach is also stable during transient conditions such as load switching and throwing off. There is also no power quality issue because there are no injections during testing. This method is tested in MATLAB/Simulink and evaluated using the differential frequency technique to get performance indices in accordance with UL-1741 testing standards.
Study on Ectoparasites of Free-Ranging Domestic Cats (Felidae; Felis catus) and Introducing Trichodectes canis as a New Record Louse in Tehran Urban Parks, Iran
Authors: Azarm Amrollah , Saghafipour Abedin , Yousefi Saeideh , Shahidi Fatemeh , Zahraei-Ramazani Ali Reza
Published: March 2023

Free-ranging domestic cats (Felidae, Felis catus) can potentially play host to some life-threatening zoonotic pathogens including ectoparasites such as fleas, ticks, and lice. These ectoparasites are capable of transmitting zoonotic disease. Cats (Felis catus) were captured using baited cage traps with raw red meat from five parks in central areas of Tehran, Iran, in the summer of 2018. The collected cats were moved to the laboratory, and their ectoparasites were removed from their skin by forceps and combing for five minutes for each cat. Ectoparasites were stored in 70% ethanol and later mounted for identification of species, using species identification keys. Forty-one cats were collected from these study areas. Among all captured cats, 26 specimens (63.41%) were infected with 83 ectoparasites and the average infection rate was 3.19 in cats. Six arthropod species were identified, including four fleas (89.16%), one louse (8.43%), and one tick (2.41%). The four flea species included Ctenocephalides canis (39.76%), Ctenocephalides felis (18.07%), Xenopsylla nubica (16.87%), and Pulex irritans (14.46%). The one louse species was Trichodectes canis (8.43%), and the one tick species recovered was identified as Hyalomma spp. (2.41%). Based on the findings, Ctenocephalides canis was the most common ectoparasite species (39.76%). Fleas were the most prevalent ectoparasites on Felis catus cats, with the highest prevalence, observed for Ctenocephalides canis. Due to the large and growing population of cats and the high risk of transmission of common diseases between humans and cats, as well as the high contact and communication of people with cats, we were encouraged to study the ectoparasites of cats in five important parks in the city of Tehran.
Roadway Instability Mechanism of Weakly Consolidated Soft Rocks and Support Technologies
Authors: Cai Jinlong , Tu Min , Chai Luxiu , Qin Fengyan , Shen Zhengfeng
Published: March 2023

During tunneling in weakly consolidated soft rock strata, lithology, joints, and fractures of rock strata play an important role in controlling overall roof stability of the roadway. A case study based on weakly consolidated soft rock roadway in Bojianghaizi mine was conducted to address disasters caused by sudden changes and collapse as well as difficulties in maintenance of weakly consolidated soft rock roadway. First, physical and mechanical properties of weakly consolidated soft rocks were investigated by X-ray diffraction mineral component analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Second, failure characteristics and instability mechanism of the roadway were analyzed by combining field survey and theoretical analysis. A mechanical model of fracture development on the composite roof of the roadway was built, and the initiation angle and critical stress for fracture development were deduced. The instability criteria of cracks based on cracking angle (

θ

0

) were established. Moreover, the instability mechanism caused by roof falling was disclosed. Fractures were formed upon shear failure at vertex angle of the roadway. The fracture belt extended to the soft bedding plane of the separation stratum along the fracture propagation angle and connected with it, thereby inducing roof falling. On this basis, a high-strength and high-preload “inverted trapezoidal” anchoring mesh-beam string supporting structure + arched roadway cross-section with vertical walls + full-section guniting coupling control technology was proposed, which achieved good site application effects.
The Efficacy and Safety of Afatinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastasis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jin Hui , Liang Ping , Hou Juan , Li Bin , Wang Ping , He Xin
Published: March 2023

Aim. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of afatinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis based on meta-analysis. Methods. Related literatures were searched in the following databases: EMbase, PubMed, China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang, Weipu, Google Scholar, the China Biomedical Literature Service System, and other databases. Clinical trials and observational studies that met the requirements were selected for meta-analysis using Revman 5.3. The hazard ratio (HR) was used as an indicator of the impact of afatinib. Results. A total of 142 related literatures were acquired, but after screening, five literatures were selected for data extraction. The following indices were compared: the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and common adverse reactions (ARs) of grade 3 and above. A total of 448 patients with brain metastases were included and were divided into two groups: the control group (no afatinib treatment, with chemotherapy alone and the first-generation EGFR-TKIs) and the afatinib group. The results showed that afatinib could improve PFS (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39–0.85,

P
<
0.05

) and ORR (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.45–2.57,

P
<
0.05

), but had no benefit on OS (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.15–8.75,

P
>
0.05

) and DCR (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 0.97–8.48,

P
>
0.05

). For the safety of afatinib, the incidence of grade-3-and-above ARs was low (HR: 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.02,

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Afatinib improves the survival of NSCLC patients with brain metastases and shows satisfactory safety.
lncRNA CYTOR Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Modulating SOX11 via Sponging miR-6512-3p
Authors: Tu Shaoqin , Chen Yihua , Feng Yi , Kuang Zhili , Wang Yuxuan , Chen Lin , Mai Zhihui , Wei Jiaming , Zhang Sai , Shao Yiting , Ai Hong , Chen Zheng
Published: March 2023

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are considered ideal cell sources for the regeneration of periodontal and alveolar bone tissue. Cytoskeleton Regulator RNA (CYTOR), a newly discovered long noncoding RNA, has been reported to function as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and to be involved in many biological processes. However, its roles in PDLSC osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. Here, we firstly found CYTOR was mainly sublocalized in the cytoplasm of PDLSCs and CYTOR expression was increased during osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. By employing gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we then identified CYTOR overexpression promoted osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs while CYTOR knockdown inhibited this process. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis was utilized to show that both CYTOR and SOX11 mRNA contained the same seed sites for miR-6512-3p, which was further confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation. Notably, CYTOR conferred its functions by directly binding to miR-6512-3p and an inverse correlation between CYTOR and miR-6512-3p on the level on SOX11 and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was obtained. Additionally, miR-6512-3p could bind to SOX11 mRNA 3

′

UTR and repressed SOX11 expression. Moreover, level of SOX11 was significantly increased during osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Knockdown of SOX11 attenuated the increasing effect of CYTOR overexpression on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Collectively, these data supported that CYTOR positively modulated the expression of SOX11 through competitively binding to miR-6512-3p, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The CYTOR/miR-6512-3p/SOX11 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for periodontal regeneration medicine.
Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles Using Two New Ionic Liquids for Efficient Oil Spill Cleanup
Authors: Faqihi Noorah A. , Abdullah Mahmood M. S. , Ali Mohd Sajid , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. , Almarhoon Zainab M.
Published: March 2023

Recently, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained great attention for oil spill cleanup due to their unique properties, e.g., high oil removal efficiency, high surface area, and response to an external magnetic field. The efficiency of MNPs for oil spill uptake can be enhanced by functionalizing their surface using different materials. Furthermore, the functionalization of MNP surface using these materials promotes their chemical stability. This study aims to functionalize the surface of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) using two newly synthesized hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) and apply them for oil spill cleanup. ILs were synthesized by the reaction of glycidyl-4-nonyl ether (GE) with fatty amines, either octadecylamine (OA) or dodecylamine (DA), to yield the corresponding amines, GEOA and GEDA, respectively. GEOA and GEDA were quaternized with acetic acid (AA) to produce the corresponding ILs, GEOA-IL and GEDA-IL. The produced ILs, GEOA-IL and GEDA-IL, were applied for the surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), producing surface-modified MNPs, GO-MNPs and GD-MNPs, respectively. GO-MNPs and GD-MNPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, contact angle, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Their oil removal efficiency (ORE) was investigated at different MNP : crude oil ratios ranging from 1 : 1–1 : 50. GO-MNPs and GD-MNPs showed high ORE even at low MNP ratios. Furthermore, GO-MNPs showed higher oil removal efficiency than GD-MNPs, which may be explained using GEOA-IL containing a longer alkyl chain for MNP surface modification in comparison to GEDA-IL. Furthermore, GO-MNPs and GD-MNPs displayed excellent reusability in five cycles, with a slight decrease in ORE with increasing cycles.
Application of Fuzzy-RBF-CNN Ensemble Model for Short-Term Load Forecasting
Authors: Yadav Mohini , Jamil Majid , Rizwan Mohammad , Kapoor Richa
Published: March 2023

Accurate load forecasting (LF) plays an important role in the operation and decision-making process of the power grid. Although the stochastic and nonlinear behavior of loads is highly dependent on consumer energy requirements, that demands a high level of accuracy in LF. In spite of several research studies being performed in this field, accurate load forecasting remains an important consideration. In this article, the design of a hybrid short-term load forecasting model (STLF) is proposed. This work combines the features of an artificial neural network (ANN), ensemble forecasting, and a deep learning network. RBFNNs and CNNs are trained in two phases using the functional link artificial neural network (FLANN) optimization method with a deep learning structure. The predictions made from RBFNNs have been computed and produced as the forecast of each activated cluster. This framework is known as fuzzy-RBFNN. This proposed framework is outlined to anticipate one-week ahead load demand on an hourly basis, and its accuracy is determined using two case studies, i.e., Hellenic and Cretan power systems. Its results are validated while comparing with four benchmark models like multiple linear regression (MLR), support vector machine (SVM), ML-SVM, and fuzzy-RBFNN in terms of accuracy. To demonstrate the performance of RBF-CNN, SVMs replace the RBF-CNN regressor, and this model is identified as an ML-SVM having 3 layers.
A Study on the Coupling and Coordination Relationship of Science and Technology Innovation, Higher Education, and Clean Energy Based on the Entropy Weight and Gray Correlation Analysis Method
Authors: Yang Ning , Lv Tao , Cui Hua
Published: March 2023

Clean energy is the core element of China’s energy low-carbon transition strategy, and its development degree is closely link with science and technology innovation and higher education. Based on studying relevant research and analyzing data and information, we selected 11 primary indicators, such as investment in education, transformation of scientific research results, and clean energy development, and 30 secondary indicators, such as R&D investment intensity, number of patents granted for inventions, clean energy power generation, clean energy installed capacity, and clean energy consumption share, to construct an indicator evaluation system. Based on the actual data of three systems from periods 2010 to 2020, we try to use entropy weight method to calculate index weights, use coupled coordination model to calculate coupling coordination degree of three systems, and use gray correlation analysis method to in-depth analysis interaction relationships between three systems. Based on the research, we try to propose 3 countermeasures and recommendations. We hope that the research results of this paper will provide a new research method and ideas for related studies and make positive contributions to the high-quality development of China’s economy and the realization of the energy transition strategy.
Age and Serum Creatinine Can Differentiate Wilson Disease Patients with Pseudonormal Ceruloplasmin
Authors: Chen Lin , Shi Yongguang , Wang Nan , Lou Zhuoqi , Pan Liya , Xu Xiaolan , Wu Chensi , Han Yongzhu , Yang Renmin , Hu Wenbin , Ruan Bing
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim. Significantly reduced serum ceruloplasmin (Cp) is the most important clue in the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease (WD) and is well known to clinicians. The false increase in Cp in some WD patients, which overlaps with that in non-WD liver disease patients, decreases the diagnostic accuracy. The aims of our study were to understand the factors associated with Cp normalisation in WD patients and identify these WD patients using usual predictors. Methods. We retrospectively screened individuals with serum Cp ≥ 140 mg/L from 1032 WD patients who were hospitalised for the first time. Logistic regression analyses were performed in a case-control study between the WD cohort and another liver disease cohort to explore the independent risk factors for WD diagnosis and establish a regression model to identify them. The follow-up medical records of the WD cohort were subjected to mixed-effects model analysis in a longitudinal study to discover factors associated with Cp normalisation. Results. Eighty-six WD patients and their 353 medical records and another 98 non-WD liver disease patients were included in the present study. Cp normalisation was significantly associated with the copper burden and liver function indexes, such as urinary copper, γ-glutamyltransferase, and albumin (

p
≤
0.001

). Logistic regression analysis showed that age and serum creatinine (

p
≤
0.001

) were independent risk factors associated with WD. The AUC value of the regression model in the total cohort was 0.926 (

p
≤
0.001

). At a cutoff value of ≥0.617 and ≥−1, the positive and negative predictive values were both 90.8% for WD. Conclusion. Increased serum Cp in WD patients is related to excessive copper burden and hepatic injury, and common tests can effectively distinguish WD patients from other liver injury patients.
A Numerical Assessment of Time-Dependent Magneto-Convective Thermal-Material Transfer over a Vertical Permeable Plate
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Jahir , Nasrin R.
Published: March 2023

The objective of this work is to investigate the influences of thermal radiation, heat generation, and buoyancy force on the time-dependent boundary layer (BL) flow across a vertical permeable plate. The fluid is unsteady, incompressible, viscous, and electrically insulating. The heat transfer mechanism happens due to free convection. The nondimensional partial differential equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and concentration are discussed using appropriate transformations. The impressions of thermal radiation and buoyancy forces are exposed in the energy and momentum equation, respectively. For numerical model, a set of nonlinear dimensionless partial differential equations can be solved using an explicit finite difference approach. The stability and convergence analyses are also established to complete the formulation of the model. The thermophysical effects of entering physical parameters on the flow, thermal, and material fields are analyzed. The variations in local and average skin friction, material, and heat transfer rates are also discussed for the physical interest. The analysis of the obtained findings is shown graphically, and relevant parameters pointedly prejudice the flow field. Studio Developer FORTRAN 6.2 and Tecplot 10.0 are applied to simulate the schematic model equations and graphical presentation numerically. The intensifying values of the magnetic field are affected decreasingly in the flow field. The temperature profiles decrease within the BL to increase the value of radiation parameters. The present study is on the consequences for petroleum engineering, agriculture engineering, extraction, purification processes, nuclear power plants, gas turbines, etc. To see the rationality of the present research, we compare these results and the results available in the literature with outstanding compatibility.
Coronary Inflammation and Plaque Vulnerability: A Coronary Computed Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Study
Authors: Yuki Haruhito , Sugiyama Tomoyo , Suzuki Keishi , Kinoshita Daisuke , Niida Takayuki , Nakajima Akihiro , Araki Makoto , Dey Damini , Lee Hang , McNulty Iris , Nakamura Sunao , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Jang Ik-Kyung
Published: March 2023

Background:

Vascular inflammation plays a key role in atherogenesis and in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Coronary inflammation can be measured by peri-coronary adipose tissue (PCAT) attenuation on computed tomography angiography. We examined the relationships between the level of coronary artery inflammation assessed by PCAT attenuation and coronary plaque characteristics by optical coherence tomography.

Methods:

A total of 474 patients (198 acute coronary syndromes and 276 stable angina pectoris) who underwent preintervention coronary computed tomography angiography and optical coherence tomography were included. To compare the relationships between the level of coronary artery inflammation and detailed plaque characteristics, we divided the subjects into high (n=244) and low (n=230) PCAT attenuation groups using a threshold value of −70.1 Hounsfield units.

Results:

The high PCAT attenuation group, compared with the low PCAT attenuation group, had more males (90.6% versus 69.6%;
P
<0.001), more non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (38.5% versus 25.7%;
P
=0.003), and less stable angina pectoris (51.6% versus 65.2%;
P
=0.003). Aspirin, dual antiplatelet, and statins were less frequently used in the high PCAT attenuation group compared to the low PCAT attenuation group. Patients with high PCAT attenuation, compared with those with low PCAT attenuation, had lower ejection fraction (median 64% versus 65%;
P
=0.014) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (median 45 versus 48 mg/dL;
P
=0.027). Optical coherence tomography features of plaque vulnerability were significantly more common in patients with high PCAT attenuation, compared to those with low PCAT attenuation, including lipid-rich plaque (87.3% versus 77.8%;
P
=0.006), macrophage (76.2% versus 67.8%;
P
=0.041), microchannels (61.9% versus 48.3%;
P
=0.003), plaque rupture (38.1% versus 23.9%;
P
<0.001), and layered plaque (60.2% versus 50.0%;
P
=0.025).

Conclusions:

Optical coherence tomography features of plaque vulnerability were significantly more common in patients with high PCAT attenuation, compared with those with low PCAT attenuation. Vascular inflammation and plaque vulnerability are intimately related in patients with coronary artery disease.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04523194.
Cerebral Venous Reflux and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: An Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Positron Emission Tomography Study
Authors: Lee Bo-Ching , Tsai Hsin-Hsi , Liu Chia-Ju , Chen Ya-Fang , Tsai Li-Kai , Jeng Jiann-Shing , Yen Ruoh-Fang
Published: March 2023

Background:

Cerebral venous outflow alterations contribute to central nervous system pathology in aging and neurodegenerative disorders and are potentially linked to underlying cerebral microangiopathy. We investigated whether cerebral venous reflux (CVR) is more closely associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) than hypertensive microangiopathy in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) survivors.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 122 patients of spontaneous ICH with magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography imaging studies (2014–2022) in Taiwan. The presence of CVR was defined as abnormal signal intensity in the dural venous sinus or internal jugular vein on magnetic resonance angiography. Cerebral amyloid load was measured using the Pittsburgh compound B standardized uptake value ratio. Clinical and imaging characteristics associated with CVR were evaluated in univariable and multivariable analyses. In the subset of patients with CAA, we applied univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses to evaluate the association between CVR and cerebral amyloid retention.

Results:

Compared with patients without CVR (n=84, 64.5±12.1 years), patients with CVR (n=38, 69.4±11.5 years) were significantly more likely to have CAA-ICH (53.7% versus 19.8%;
P<
0.001) and had a higher cerebral amyloid load (standardized uptake value ratio [interquartile range], 1.28 [1.12–1.60] versus 1.06 [1.00–1.14];
P<
0.001). In a multivariable model, CVR was independently associated with CAA-ICH (odds ratio, 4.81 [95% CI, 1.74–13.27];
P
=0.002) after adjustment for age, sex and conventional small vessel disease markers. In CAA-ICH, higher PiB retention was observed in patients with CVR than patients without CVR (standardized uptake value ratio [interquartile range], 1.34 [1.08–1.56] versus 1.09 [1.01–1.26];
P
<0.001). In multivariable analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, the presence of CVR was independently associated with a higher amyloid load (standardized β=0.40;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions:

In spontaneous ICH, CVR is associated with CAA and a higher amyloid burden. Our results suggest venous drainage dysfunction potentially plays a role in CAA and cerebral amyloid deposition.
Climate-Exacerbated Impacts May Drive Maladaptive Action in Agriculture
Authors: Wilson Robyn S. , Shaffer-Morrison C. Dale , Walpole Hugh
Published: March 2023

In the eastern Corn Belt of the United States, climate change is projected to bring warmer and wetter conditions, with more variability in the seasonal timing of rainfall, creating a multitude of challenges for agricultural production. While there are multiple adaptations to reduce the vulnerability of production to a changing climate, these adaptations have varying implications for other ecosystem services such as soil health, carbon sequestration, and water quality. We explore how beliefs about and experiences with climate change might influence adaptations that vary in their provisioning of a variety of ecosystem services, and how these adaptations may vary by characteristics of the farm and farmer. Survey data were collected from 908 respondents from August through October 2019. We find only one proposed adaptation, additional tile drainage, is associated with self-reported prior negative experiences with climate change and concern about future impacts. The other proposed adaptations (i.e., cover crops, filter strips, additional fertilizer) are associated with farmer identity. The type of farmer who is likely to adapt is generally reminiscent of the type who engage in conservation practices: younger, more educated, with off-farm income and larger farms. Our results indicate that many proposed adaptations are not perceived as effective ways to mitigate specific climate-driven impacts. However, increasing tile drainage is perceived as such, and there may be a need to offset the potential negative impacts to water quality of this likely adaptation through the promotion of edge-of-field filtration practices.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study is to better understand how beliefs about and experiences with climate change may influence adaptations that vary in their provisioning of a suite of ecosystem services. We find that those who are adapting directly to the most severe and frequent climate-exacerbated impact, heavy rain at the wrong time of year, are likely to adapt in ways that may benefit production (e.g., increasing drainage tile to ensure fields are not inundated by spring rains) but have negative feedback to society in terms of water quality. Most proposed adaptations are not perceived as effective means of increasing resilience to experienced impacts but rather as practices that are the norm among conservation-minded farmers with larger operations.
Resolution of Liver Function Tests After Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Versus Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Cambronero Gabriel E. , Sanin Gloria D. , Patterson James W. , Ganapathy Aravindh S. , Bosley Maggie E. , Niebler Jake , Perko Allison , Westcott Carl , Nunn Andrew M. , Neff Lucas P.
Published: March 2023

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is gaining traction for the management of choledocholithiasis. Liver function tests (LFTs) are often used to determine the success of ductal clearance, yet the impact of differing therapeutic interventions, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or LCBDE, have on postprocedure LFT is insufficiently described. We hypothesize that these interventions have different postoperative LFT profiles. The preprocedural and postprocedural total bilirubin (Tbili), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were analyzed of 167 patients who had successful ERCPs (117) or LCBDEs (50). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography patients demonstrated a significant decrease in all LFTs postprocedure (n = 117; P = <0.001 for all) with a continued downtrend when a second set of LFTs was obtained (n = 102; P = <0.001 for all). For successful LC+LCBDEs, there was no significant change between preoperative and 1st postoperative Tbili, AST, ALT, and ALP and the 2nd postoperative labs.
Experimental investigation of uncoated, single layer, and multilayer-coated TiAlN/TiN tool inserts in dry orthogonal cutting of AISI/SAE 4140 alloy steel
Authors: Akbar Faraz , Arsalan Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Significant temperature rise is stimulated during high-speed machining of metals, specifically in dry cutting conditions. This experimental investigation undertakes the effects of uncoated, single layer coatings (TiN and TiAlN), and multilayer coatings [TiAlN/TiN (9 + 5 µm), (9 + 3 µm), (9 + 1 µm), and (5 + 1 µm)] on cutting tool material during dry orthogonal cutting of AISI/SAE 4140 alloy steel. The study compares crucial parameters such as cutting and feed forces, chip-tool contact area, thickness of deformed chip, chip reduction coefficient, heat partition ratio, flank wear, and shear angle. The layer TiAlN used as the first layer from the Tungsten Carbide (WC) substrate owing to its better adhesion property, whereas TiN used as the second layer (top coating) owing to its better sliding behavior. In this research, cutting operations have carried out using Dean Smith and Grace Lathe machine. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) also used along with a Kistler 9263 dynamometer to measure cutting forces. The cutting temperatures are measured with the help of an infrared, high-resolution thermal imaging camera, ThermaCAM model SC3000 by FLIR. Results have shown that layers act as a thermal barrier that block excessive heat generation in the cutting tool. Thus, this increasing the surface finish, tool life, and overall efficiency, while reducing the abrasive wear, tear, and parallel ridges due to rubbing friction. Furthermore, it has found that multilayer coating of (9 + 5 = 14 µm) shown good consistent results with less variance, specifically in the high-speed machining regions. Hence, the study evidently justifies the usage of coated tool inserts in high-speed dry cutting operations.
Biodiesel composition based machine learning approaches to predict engine fuel properties
Authors: Bukkarapu Kiran Raj , Krishnasamy Anand
Published: March 2023

Recently data-driven machine learning approaches received considerable attention in several applications, including developing models to predict engine fuel properties of biodiesel. Multilinear regression (MLR) is the most straightforward method among the available approaches in the literature to predict biodiesel properties. However, a nonlinear correlation between biodiesel composition and properties cannot be modeled using the MLR approach, resulting in poor predictability. Artificial neural network (ANN), the most explored nonlinear regression approach to predict biodiesel properties, is prone to poor reproducibility. Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression is a machine learning approach that can be applied to develop biodiesel property prediction models whose favorable features include nonlinear data modeling. Models are developed to correlate biodiesel composition with calorific value, viscosity, and cetane number in the present work using ANN and SVM regression. Seventy biodiesels with varying compositions are used for calibrating the models and 30 other biodiesels for validation. Both the nonlinear regression approaches perform well in predicting the biodiesel properties, among which SVM results in better prediction than ANN. SVM resulted in models with a MAPE of 0.26%, 1.07%, and 1.69%, respectively, for calorific value, viscosity and cetane number of biodiesels which are considerably lower than those predicted using the literature models.
Solar thermal energy on the convective transport in microchannel with exponential heat sink
Authors: Vinodh Kumar Pallamkuppam , Obulesu Yeddula Pedda
Published: March 2023

In modern years, the conversion on solar radiation toward thermal energy had taken the important consideration by the appeal about sustainable power and heat raises. Nanofluid could show the significant role on developing the behavior on solar-thermal systems when that our capabilities about heat transfer improvement. That article analyzed numerically the flow on the hybrid nanofluid over the microchannel in existence of nonlinear solar radiation about different solar-thermal appliance. Effect of exponential heat source or sink and convective boundary condition are the focal concern of this study. The flow form was transferred with non-dimensionless model by convenient transformation, this numerical outcomes on nonlinear complex equations was formed to applying bvp4c technique. Subsequently, to influences on applicable parameters by the heat transfer of fluid had being revealed through the favor into tabular and graphical access. Outcomes communicate this solar radiation faster heat transport into division. The hybrid solution show massive increasing on heat transport 44.59% about division. Temperature decreased in the microchannel due to Biot number. The imitation outcomes are approved from the past issued work.
‘Picture imperfect’: the motives and uses of patient photography in the asylum
Authors: Dahlquist Caroline , Kinderman Peter
Published: March 2023

In the nineteenth century, photography became common in psychiatric asylums. Although patient photographs were produced in large numbers, their original purpose and use are unclear. Journals, newspaper archives and Medical Superintendents’ notes from the period 1845–1920 were analysed to understand the reasons behind the practice. This revealed: (1) empathic motivation: using photography to understand the mental condition and aid treatment; (2) therapeutic focus on biological processes: using photography to detect biological pathologies or phenotypes; and (3) eugenics: using photography to recognise hereditary insanity, aimed at preventing transmission to future generations. This reveals a conceptual move from empathic intentions and psychosocial understandings to largely biological and genetic explanations, providing context for contemporary psychiatry and the study of heredity.
Evaluating the noise exposure levels of different schools in noise-scapes of Kargil town: Ladakh, India
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Rampal Rajkumar , Muslim Mohd , Hussain Khadim
Published: March 2023

Noise at school poses a serious challenge to the classroom atmosphere with negative impacts on teachers’ and students’ ability to listen and learn. Kargil town is the gateway to the Ladakh Himalayan region that remains cut from the rest of the world during the winter months. During the summer months, the region experiences a spike in traffic activity. The current study was designed to assess noise exposure levels in schools within the Kargil town administrative boundaries. The result indicates that indoor, as well as the outdoor Equivalent noise level (LAeq), in the schools located in Commercial area (58.3 ± 7.7 & 60.0 ± 1.9 dBA) Highway area (57.4 ± 8.1 & 63.0 ± 2.3 dBA) and Residential area (52.9 ± 9.8 & 60.0 ± 1.9 dBA) was above the permissible limits of World Health Organization and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) India. The highest indoor and outdoor Noise Climate was (15.4 ± 3.9 & 19.8 ± 2.3 dBA) in the school located on the Highway area is due to the flow of heavy vehicular traffic on the Highway and the Traffic Noise Index was also high in schools located on the Highway (97.5 ± 7.6 dBA). The Noise Pollution Level (LNP) value was also found to be high in the Highway area (72.8 ± 10.7 & 82.8 ± 3.0 dBA). The findings of this study will be beneficial for policymakers and stakeholders in the context of noise pollution management in schools with evolving noisescape of Kargil town.
Music, social cohesion, and intercultural understanding: A conceptual framework for intercultural music engagement
Authors: Crooke Alexander Hew Dale , Thompson William Forde , Fraser Trisnasari , Davidson Jane
Published: March 2023

Regional conflict, growing technological developments, and climate change have seen high migration rates, which are likely to rise. Discrimination and violence at the hands of host societies continue to threaten the well-being of immigrant communities, as well as wider social cohesion in migration destinations. The urgency of the situation has been highlighted in several international policy documents released since 2020 by the United Nations (UN) and related agencies. In response, we have seen a global movement of intercultural music ensembles intended to break down cultural barriers and explore sites of cultural intersection, yet the real-world benefits of such initiatives remain unclear. There is a need to further explore and understand how and when music can be used as an instrument or site for fostering inclusion, understanding, and cohesion between migrants and their host communities. On appraising the evidence, we propose a conceptual framework for explaining how different cultures can interact with each other through musical participation.
Physical immobility and virtual mobility: Mediating everyday life from a Karen refugee camp in Thailand
Authors: Hill Charlotte
Published: March 2023

This article reflects on how offline and online everyday life coexists for encamped, young Karen living in protracted displacement. As part of the special issue ‘Cultures of (im)mobile entanglements’, edited by Earvin Cabalquinto and Koen Leurs, I centre the voices of young Karen living in Mae La refugee camp in Thailand and unpack how personal and social relationships are built and maintained physically in the camp, as well as in digitally mediated spaces. I focus on the tensions of (im)mobility and how life and presence were mediated before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. I emphasise the influence of culture, society, and infrastructure on my participants’ living trajectories and find how social media expands their lived reality far beyond the confinement of the camp.