bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical university museum as a methodological center for the formation of historical memory and the education of citizenship among students of secondary schools
Authors: Golovchenko Nikolaj Nikolaevich , Gribanova Natalja Svjatoslavna
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study is to identify the potential of a pedagogical university museum in organizing the interaction of subjects of the educational process and methodological support of their activities aimed at the formation of historical memory and citizenship among students of educational organizations of the Russian Federation (in particular, secondary schools). Using the example of the Museum of Local History of Altai State Pedagogical University, the article examines the activities of the museum of an educational organization of higher education as a center for the formation of historical memory and citizenship of students, shows the practice of organizing methodological work and building social communication between subjects of the educational process within the framework of the technology of designing and conducting thematic (extracurricular) events. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the experience of methodological activity of the Museum of Local History of the Altai State Pedagogical University is generalized, the conditions of creation and functioning of the methodological center for subjects of educational process on the basis of the university museum are revealed. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that it is promising to define the role of the pedagogical university museum as a methodological center within the framework of interinstitutional interaction (school – school museum – university museum). It is noted that this practice has a pronounced multidisciplinary nature, combining educational and research components with activities aimed at the formation of historical memory and citizenship of students.
Lesão por pressão em pacientes críticos: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Souza Taís Milena Pantaleão de , Nogueira Paula Cristina , Santos Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia , Campanili Ticiane Carolina Gonçalves Faustino , Santos Rayanne Suélly da Costa Silva , Oliveira Evellyn Lima da Silva
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência pontual de lesão por pressão (LP) e lesão por pressão relacionada a dispositivo médico (LPRDM), os fatores demográficos e clínicos a elas associados e descrevê-las quanto à classificação, localização e número. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) de dois hospitais públicos cardiológicos. Coletaram-se dados demográficos, clínicos e informações sobre LP de 123 pacientes com 18 anos ou mais internados nas UTIs, mediante exame físico e consulta aos prontuários. Utilizou-se análise descritiva, univariada e bivariada e cálculo de prevalência pontual. Resultados: A prevalência pontual de LP foi de 46,34% (51/123 pacientes) e a de LPRDM de 8,94% (11/123 pacientes). A localização anatômica mais frequente das LPs foi a região sacral (38,02%), classificadas como estágio 2 (18,30%). As orelhas (7,03%) e o estágio 2 (78,57%) foram os mais frequentes nas LPRDMs. Pela análise multivariada, pacientes em uso de cremes hidratantes, com escore de Braden <17,5 e pressão arterial sistólica <134 mmHg mostraram-se como fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de LP. Conclusão: O estudo contribuiu para o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico do paciente com LP internado em UTI cardiológica, auxiliando a equipe de enfermagem no planejamento e na implementação de cuidados preventivos.
Care, challenges, and difficulties of the surgical nursing team in caring for patients undergoing tracheostomy
Authors: Bittencourt Vivian Lemes Lobo , Graube Sandra Leontina , Benetti Eliane Raquel Rieth , Fontana Rosane Teresinha , Rodrigues Francisco Carlos Pinto , Fonseca Charlyne
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the care, challenges, and difficulties faced by the surgical nursing team when caring for patients undergoing tracheostomy during the intraoperative and immediate postoperative periods. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study conducted through individual interviews with 14 members of the surgical nursing team in the second semester of 2023. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: The participants listed some of the nursing care provided to patients undergoing tracheostomy surgery, such as airway suctioning and changing the dressing and securing tie. There was also disagreement regarding the sequence of airway suctioning and dressing/tie changes. Regarding challenges and difficulties, the participants highlighted the need for health education for the tracheostomized patient, their family, and the professionals involved. Conclusion: The concepts and practices of the nursing team need to be updated due to gaps identified in their knowledge about care and guidance for the tracheostomized patient.
Propolis Katkılı Sporcu Gıdası ve İçeceklerinin İz Elementlerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Coşkun Pınar , İnci Hakan
Published: January 2025

Bu çalışmada sporcu beslenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip sporcu gıdası olarak isimlendirilen protein tozu (Sg), milkshake (M) ve enerji içeceği (E) örneklerinin çok değerli bir arı ürünü olan superkritik akışkan propolis ekstraktı ile zenginleştirilerek yeni fonksiyonel gıdalar geliştirilmesi (Sgp, Mp, Ep), ve bu gıdaların iz element içeriklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. ICP-MS cihazı kullanılarak sade ve propolis ilaveli ürünler ile propolis ekstraktının element (ağır metal) içerikleri tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada superkritik akışkan propolis ekstraktının element (ağır metal) ortalama içerik değerleri ppm cinsinden sırasıyla; Pb: 0,6933, Ni: 3,1100, Fe: 786,2433, Cu; 1,4733, Cd: TE olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca sade ve superkritik akışkan propolis ekstraktının ilave edildiği ürünlerin değerleri her bir element için ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiş ve önemli farklılıklar görülmüştür. İncelenen ürünlerin ortalama element (ağır metal) içerik değerleri ppm cinsinden sırasıyla; Pb için; Sg: 0,117, Sgp: 0,226, M: 0,103, Mp: 0,127, E: 0,038, Ep: 0,103, Ni için; Sg: 6,35178, Sgp: 8,14263, M: 1,560, Mp: 2,137, E: 0,056, Ep: 0,079, Fe için Sg: 0,020, Sgp: 0,028, M: 31,424, Mp: 33,615, E: 1,122, Ep: 1,347, Cu için; Sg: 5,387, Sgp: 7,132, M: 3,940, Mp: 5,147, E: 0,074, Ep; 0,081, olarak tespit edilmiştir ve tüm örneklerde Cd tespit edilmemiştir. İz element değerleri her bir element için superkritik akışkan propolis ekstraktı ve ürünlere göre değerlendirilmiş ve önemli farklılıklar görülmüştür. Ayrıca tespit edilen tüm element içeriği konsantrasyonları(ppm) karşılaştırıldığında Sgp’de yüksek konsantrasyon gözlenmiştir.
Synergistic Anticancer Activity of Quercetin Combined with Luteolin in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells via Induction of Apoptosis
Authors: Erdoğan Mehmet Kadir
Published: January 2025

Cancer is a major public health problem with its increasing incidence and mortality. The striking role of phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer is undeniable in studies. In this study, the effects of the combination of quercetin (QUR) and luteolin (LTN) on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line were investigated in vitro. WST-1 cell cytotoxicity assay was used to determine cytotoxic activity. The effects on colony survival and cell migration were determined by clonogenic assay and wound scratch assay, respectively. For the determination of apoptosis, AO/EB dual staining, and Caspase-3 ELISA analysis, and genomic analyses revealing p53, Bcl-2, and Bax expression levels were performed. As a result of the analyses, it was seen that especially QUR plus LTN treatment exhibited a great cytotoxic activity in cells. It was determined that the combination treatment suppressed colony survival and significantly inhibited cell migration. Quantitative analysis results show that QUR+LTN treatment triggers cellular apoptosis by upregulating Caspase-3, p53, and Bax, and downregulating Bcl-2. Supporting these findings with further in vitro and in vivo analyses may contribute significantly to revealing the promising efficacy of combined phytochemical treatment approaches on cancer.
Characterization of the infiltrate in the lamina propria in inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Bernardelli L.I. , Indeickin F.A. ,   LLC National Center for Clinical Morphological Diagnosis, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Matyusheva L.G. ,   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Emelin A.M. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia, Skalinskaya M.I. ,   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Nekrasova A.S. ,   I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Deev R.V. ,   Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBSI Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Violated integrity of the local epithelial barrier is considered to contribute significantly to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its subepithelial part includes the components of the lamina propria consisting of granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, which are directly involved in damaging, inflaming, and regenerating the intestinal mucosa. The aim of the study was to determine the cellular composition of the infiltrate of the lamina propria of various intestinal parts.
Materials and methods. We performed 300 histological and 15 immunohistochemical examinations of biopsies of the ileum, rectum, and ascending and sigmoid colons of patients with Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The biopsies of patients with inflammatory bowel syndrome were included in the comparison group. We determined CD163+ macrophages, CD3+ lymphocytes, CD20+ lymphocytes, CD138+ plasmocytes, and CD117+ mast cells.
Results. When comparing the number of infiltrate cells in the rectal lamina propria in inflammatory bowel diseases, we detected that an acute stage of irritable bowel syndrome is characterized by a greater number of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, plasmocytes, mast cells in ulcerative colitis; macrophages in Crohn’s disease were noted. A comparison between nosologies in the acute stage revealed a greater number of macrophages in Crohn’s disease; mast cells in ulcerative colitis. A comparison of the stages of the disease showed a greater number of macrophages in ulcerative colitis in remission and a Crohn’s disease in the acute stage; neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, mast cells in ulcerative colitis in the acute stage.
Conclusion. The cellular composition of the infiltrate of the intestinal mucosa varies and depends on the location, nosology, and the phase of the disease. The following diagnostic criteria for inflammatory bowel diseases can be considered as additional ones: a 2-fold increase in the number of macrophages in the ileum in acute Crohn’s disease and a 4-fold and 16-fold increase in the number of mast cells in the ascending and sigmoid colons, respectively, in ulcerative colitis.
Keywords: inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, infiltrate
ДІЄТА З НУЛЬОВОЮ КАЛОРІЙНІСТЮ: ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА НЕДОЛІКИ
Authors: Міхеєнко Олександр , Жамардій Валерій , Літвінов Петро , Неусмехова Ірина
Published: January 2025

У свідомості пересічної людини, вихованої згідно із сучасними культурними традиціями, припинення на деякий час вживання їжі асоціюється з голодомором, знесиленням, дискомфортом та іншими неприємними відчуттями суб’єктивного характеру, а відомі факти смерті від голоду сприяють формуванню негативного ставлення до голодування. Водночас значній частині людства здавна відома практика утримання від їжі як ефективний природний засіб оздоровлення і/або лікування. Природа як сміливий діалектик здатна одними й тими самими засобами і вражати, і зцілювати, а отже, парадоксальність її методів іноді складно усвідомлюється. Сучасна наука намагається всебічно дослідити механізми фізіологічних процесів, які активізує голод і виявляє їх значний потенціал для зміцнення здоров’я, активного довголіття та зниження ризику багатьох хронічних захворювань. Одним із загальних механізмів дії голодування є активізація адаптивних реакцій клітин на стрес, які підвищують здатність організму протидіяти хворобливим процесам, захищають клітини від пошкодження ДНК, пригнічують ріст ослаблених клітин, стимулюють їх апоптоз, запобігають виникненню та розвитку раку. Окрім того, механізми, за допомогою яких голодування покращує стан здоров’я і протидіє хворобливим процесам, включають активацію сигнальних шляхів адаптивної клітинної відповіді на стрес, які покращують функції мітохондрій, відновлюють ДНК, активізують аутофагію. Результати багатьох досліджень вказують на те, що різні схеми голодування можуть забезпечити ефективні стратегії уповільнення процесів старіння та оптимізації стану здоров’я. Водночас на сьогодні немає достатньо даних щодо впливу голодування на дитячий організм, людей поважного віку і тих, хто має низьку вагу тіла. Отже, висловлюється припущення, що можливо, для цих груп дієта з нульовою калорійністю може більше завдати шкоди, аніж давати користі. Одним із найбільш безпечних варіантів вважається утримання від їжі та калорійних напоїв протягом 12–24 годин один або кілька днів щотижня чи щомісяця у поєднанні з регулярним виконанням фізичних вправ.
ІНКЛЮЗИВНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ДІТЕЙ З ПОРУШЕННЯМИ СЛУХУ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Поліщук Віра , Цегельник Тетяна , Пришляк Володимир , Станько Ірина
Published: January 2025

У статті розглядається зарубіжний та український досвід організації інклюзивного навчання дітей з порушеннями слуху. Показано, що інклюзивне навчання є сучасним підходом до забезпечення рівного доступу до якісної освіти для дітей із особливими освітніми потребами, зокрема з порушеннями слуху. Інклюзивне навчання сприяє соціалізації, адаптації, самореалізації цих дітей та формуванню толерантного суспільства. У статті здійснено аналіз змін в організації навчання дітей із порушеннями слуху в європейських країнах, де значний вплив на реформування мали заходи, спрямовані на розвиток слухового скринінгу, раннього втручання, педагогічної корекції та соціальної реабілітації. Розглянуто три основні моделі організації інклюзивного навчання дітей із порушеннями слуху: модель one-track, орієнтовану на інтеграцію дітей із порушеннями слуху в масові школи за умов створення спеціальних освітніх можливостей і залучення підготовлених педагогів; модель two-track, яка базується на існуванні окремих систем освіти для дітей із порушеннями слуху з акцентом на індивідуальний підхід і спеціалізовану підготовку; модель multi-track, яка передбачає взаємопов’язаність і доповнюваність звичайної та спеціальної систем освіти, що дає можливість батькам обирати навчальний заклад для дитини відповідно до її потреб і можливостей. Охарактеризовано різні підходи до впровадження інклюзивного навчання дітей з порушеннями слуху. Доведено, що інтеграція їх в загальноосвітні заклади за умов адаптованих програм та підтримки фахівців є важливим кроком до створення інклюзивного суспільства. Констатовано, що інклюзивна освіта у провідних європейських країнах є ефективною альтернативою спеціальним класам і закладам освіти, адже для дітей з порушеннями слуху та їх батьків відкриваються нові можливості пізнавального, соціального та особистісного розвитку. З метою удосконалення інклюзивного навчання дітей з порушеннями слуху в Україні на основі зарубіжного досвіду, запропоновано пропозиції та рекомендації для їх реалізації.
First records of Badhamia ovispora (Physarales, Myxomycetes) in Russia
Authors: Gmoshinskiy V. I. , Peters D. A. , Kireeva N. I. , Perevedentseva L. G.
Published: January 2025

The rare myxomycete Badhamia ovispora was found for the first time in Russia from the Perm Territory and Moscow Region. Morphological features of specimens of this species were studied in detail using light and scanning electron microscopy. The main features are oblong-oval spores that are almost smooth in the light microscope and the triple peridium. It discusses the distinction of B. ovispora from closely related species such as B. goniospora, B. rhytidosperma, B. spinispora, B. verrucospora, Physarum apiculosporum, P. ovisporoides and P. ovisporum. Data on Badhamia ovispora findings in different regions of the world are given.
Actul juridic civil și unele figuri juridice similare: o abordare pandectistă
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității de Stat din Moldova, CAZAC Octavian
Published: January 2025

"The legal provisions regarding civil juridical acts, detailed in the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova and in the civil codes of other countries based on pandects, are designed for that human behavior that satisfies a two-step test: (i) it is a declaration of intent; (ii) it is intended to have some legal effect as such. Modern European doctrine has evolved to distinguish some legal concepts with a lower intensity: the real act (in German, Realakt) and actions similar to juridical acts (in German, gäschäftsähnliche Handlung).
The legal regime of civil juridical acts does not apply directly to all declarations of intent. In the case of actions similar to juridical acts, one must resort to analogy. Moreover, in the case of real acts, which lack a declaration of intent, these legal provisions cannot, in principle, be applied.
The regulation of the civil juridical act in the pandect system has the disadvantage of abstraction, inconvenient for the lay person, but it enjoys the advantage of legal clarity, convenient for a professional lawyer. Nevertheless, the institutional system (French, Romanian regulations, etc.) developed a general theory of the juridical act; but not on a legislative level, but that of academia and case-law. At the European level, the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) attempts to combine these two approaches (Book II of the DCFR is entitled ""Contracts and other juridical acts""), although its text is focused on contracts, which appears a technique to bring the continental system closer to the common law system, as the latter does deal, on an academic level, with a general theory of the civil juridical act."
Constituirea ca parte civilă în procesul penal: o ofertă de nerefuzat
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, LAZĂR George-Alexandru
Published: January 2025

"As far as the right to access to a court is concerned, the European Court of Human Right's caselaw led to a significant evolution of national legislation. The approach on this issue today is much more nuanced, whether we are talking about court fees, appeals or bail. Presently, an important development of the caselaw in this field is taking place. In cases concerning the joining of criminal proceedings as a civil party, even the application of article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is being challenged.
This article firstly deals with the applicability of article 6 in its criminal limb, then in its civil limb. I analyse the latest caselaw of the Court on this issue, but also the apparent divergence between cases Nicolae Virgiliu Tănase v. Romania and Petrella v. Italy.
Finally, I present the current state of the caselaw the Court is dealing with, but also the importance of these decisions for Romanian nationals. Depending on the solution the Court will deliver in the case Fabbri and others v. San Marino, it is possible that this issue will remain exclusively in the hands of the national judge."
Cooperarea judiciară internațională în materie penală. Situația minorilor infractori
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, IOAN George-Cristian
Published: January 2025

The purpose of hereby study is to analyse the situation of minors concerning international cooperation in criminal matters. Given both the development of cybercrime and facilitation of access to means for minors to commit transnational crimes, as well as the liberalisation of cross-border movement, the issue is one that requires our attention. The article will examine, among other things, how to reconcile, from the perspective of international cooperation in criminal matters, the highly heterogeneous regulations on the criminal liability of minors. It deals both with the interpretation of national provisions and with the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on the European Arrest Warrant, in particular the Piotrowski case. It also analyses the role of the best interests of the child in international cooperation and the issue of extradition and its specificity in the case of minors.
Sinteza modificărilor legislative operate prin Legile 171/2023, nr. 213/2023, nr. 217/2023 şi nr. 248/2023 în cazul infracțiunilor contra persoanei şi a celor contra patrimoniului
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din Oradea, UDROIU Mihail
Published: January 2025

"The criminal code underwent multiple changes in the summer of 2023. In this article, only the changes made in crimes against the person (except those against sexual freedom and integrity) and property will be analyzed. These changes primarily concern:
1. increased criminal liability for murder and robbery committed against vulnerable
victims;
2. elimination of the option for supervised suspension in cases of manslaughter
committed by individuals without a driver's license or those under the influence of alcohol or
psychoactive substances;
3. increased criminal liability for offences involving assault and other forms of
physical violence or bodily injury;
4. adjustment of penalties in order to increase the criminal liability in cases of
brawling and the use of child prostitution;
5. increased criminal liability for the harassment of minors;
6. specific criminalization of revenge pornography."
Limites procédurales en matière de droits de l’homme dans les enquêtes sur les crimes économiques
Authors:   Faculté de Droit, Université de Bucarest, PÂRGARU Dragoș
Published: January 2025

This article is concerned with how the European Convention on Human Rights and the principles derived from the European Court of Human Rights’ case-law interfere with national criminal procedure in cases concerning economic crimes. Indeed, human rights are to be protected in any criminal cases thus leading to limitations on the way national authorities conduct themselves. This article does not aim at operating an extensive analysis of the ECHR’s provisions, but it rather searches for any characteristics of their applicability in the niche domain of white-collar crime.
Probleme teoretice și practice privind participația penală (proprie și improprie) în cazul traficului internațional de droguri
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, MOCANU Raluca
Published: January 2025

"This paper intends to analyze the legal framework of facts consisting in the introduction of drugs into the country using packages, transported by intermediate persons regardless of whether they were aware, or not about the content of the packages.
The facts involving at least three people – the sender of drugs from abroad, the intermediary in charge to carry out the transport (either by „a mule„ or by an innocent transporter) and the recipient, who will be in charge to deliver the drugs on the domestic
market.
We consider the interpretation of the facts either by the court or by the scholars to be
subject of criticism therefore, a clarification of this issue is imposed."
Protecția bazelor de date
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, OLTEAN Ioana Roxana
Published: January 2025

The paper delves into the intricate landscape of database protection, offering a comprehensive examination of legal frameworks, rights, and challenges in safeguarding databases. Structured around key principles, the exploration unfolds in the context of international agreements, evolving technology, and the interplay between copyright and sui generis rights. Examining the rationale behind database protection, the paper contrasts general copyright principles with sui generis rights. While copyright aims to incentivize creative works, sui generis protection treats information as "property per se," akin to a real property right. This distinction signifies a paradigm shift, viewing information as valuable in itself rather than merely serving a purpose. International agreements, including the EU Database Directive, contribute to a standardized approach, but challenges persist. The transition to information economies 58 Forum Juridic nr. 1 / 2024 necessitates continuous debate on balancing rights, liabilities, and exceptions to achieve optimal protection. In essence, the paper navigates the intricate terrain of database protection, offering a nuanced understanding of legal frameworks, international agreements, and practical considerations
Aspecte controversate în materia unității și pluralității de infracțiuni
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea din București, MITRACHE Cristian
Published: January 2025

The waiver of the requirement that the acts of the continuing offence must be directed against the same passive subject is preferable because it preserves the tradition of the regulation of our criminal law and leads to a milder sanctioning of the perpetrator by broadening the incidence of the continuing crime. It is not possible enforce a smaller penalty for the entire continued offence than that originally applied for part of the acts of execution and in relation with no causes of mitigation were observed. Recalculation of the penalty for the continuing offence should also be possible if the original judgment was to waive the penalty or postpone the application of the penalty, even though they are not criminal convictions. As in the system of the Criminal Code in force there is no longer a rehabilitation without a time condition, it could be argued that it would be enough just to specify that the new offence should be committed “until the deadline for rehabilitation is fulfilled”, and the provision “until the rehabilitation” would seem superfluous.
Inaplicabilitatea legii penale mai favorabile în ipoteza în care fluctuațiile cursului valutar al monedei euro pe parcursul procesului penal ar putea conduce la reținerea infracțiunilor de evaziune fiscală în forma de bază și nu în formă agravată
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca, BUGNAR-COLDEA Oana
Published: January 2025

In the context in which the High Court of Cassation and Justice, the Panel for Preliminary Rulings on Questions of Law, was referred to clarify to what extent the more favourable criminal law applies when fluctuations in the exchange rate of the euro could lead to the conviction for tax evasion crimes provided in Article 9 (1) of Act No. 241/2005 on the prevention and fight against tax evasion and not in the aggravated forms provided by Article 9 (2) and (3) of the same law, we consider that the analysis of this issue is not irrelevant at the present time. Anticipating the conclusion of this material, we appreciate that in the situation considered, the principle of the application of the more favourable criminal law does not apply since we are not witnessing a legislative amendment, that the rules laid down in Article 9 (1) of the law are not incomplete provisions and that the rationale for the existence of this principle is not incident. Finally, in order to demonstrate the expressed point of view, references were also made to the relevance of the method of assessing the damage in relation to the applicability of the more favourable criminal law, as well as to the relevance of the social danger of the crime, existing at the time of the offence.
Un deceniu de suspiciuni (rezonabile)
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea de Vest din Timișoara, CIOPEC Flaviu
Published: January 2025

The present study deals with a topical issue that has remained unresolved during the first decade of application of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The analysis comes as a continuation of a concern anchored in a better understanding of the dimensions of standards of proof, particularly in the version of reasonable suspicion. The 10-year retrospective is a good opportunity to identify the development perspectives of the concept, but also to preliminary assess said important issue.
Le statut ecclésiastique et juridique des prêtres militaires
Authors:   Collège juridique d'études européennes - Université de Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, POPESCU Corneliu-Liviu
Published: January 2025

Post-communist Romanian law has reintroduced the legal institution of military priests, who are both priests (members of the clergy) of a religious cult and military personnel (members of the Military Officers' Corps). Their status is both ecclesiastical, in principle ordinary as priests of a religious cult, and legal, special in relation to the ordinary legal status of military personnel. The dual status of military priests sometimes creates problems for proper relations between the state and religious cults.
A Sustainable Integrated Agroforestry System
Authors: Comolli Luis Raul , infuleski cristian , Schegg Esteban , Bulfe Nardia María , Barth Sara Regina , Fassola Hugo Enrique , Gauchat María Elena , Munaretto Nestor , Von Wallis Alejandra , Wyss Victor Fabio
Published: January 2025

For over 25 years, we have developed and refined an integrated agroforestry system, demonstrating its potential to restore degraded lands, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. While industrialized agriculture has met global food demands through increased yields and efficiency, it has also driven deforestation, soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas emissions. These environmental impacts are critical challenges. In response, various alternative agricultural practices have emerged. Despite their potential benefits, they have not significantly shifted the trajectory of conventional, input-intensive agriculture, underpinned by simplification and specialization. As extreme climate events become more frequent globally, the growing public awareness of global warming presents a unique opportunity for transformative change. Agroforestry integrates trees and shrubs with crops, offering an approach for sustainable agriculture. It emphasizes complexity, diversity, and natural processes, enhancing both food production and ecosystem services. We advocate for agroforestry as vital to achieving the 2030 biodiversity targets discussed at the CBD COP-15.
Meursault as a Data Point
Authors: Pratap Abhinav , Pathak Amit
Published: January 2025

In an era dominated by datafication, the reduction of human experiences to quantifiable metrics raises profound philosophical and ethical questions. This paper explores these issues through the lens of Meursault, the protagonist of Albert Camus' The Stranger, whose emotionally detached existence epitomizes the existential concept of absurdity. Using natural language processing (NLP) techniques including emotion detection (BERT), sentiment analysis (VADER), and named entity recognition (spaCy)-this study quantifies key events and behaviors in Meursault's life. Our analysis reveals the inherent limitations of applying algorithmic models to complex human experiences, particularly those rooted in existential alienation and moral ambiguity. By examining how modern AI tools misinterpret Meursault's actions and emotions, this research underscores the broader ethical dilemmas of reducing nuanced human narratives to data points, challenging the foundational assumptions of our data-driven society. The findings presented in this paper serve as a critique of the increasing reliance on data-driven narratives and advocate for incorporating humanistic values in artificial intelligence.
Seek and ye shall be fine: Attitudes toward political perspective-seekers
Authors: Heltzel Gordon , Laurin Kristin
Published: January 2025

Six pre-registered studies (N = 2421) examine how people respond to co-partisan political perspective-seekers: political allies who attempt to hear from shared opponents and better understand their views. We find North American adults and students generally like co-partisan seekers (meta-analytic Cohen’s d = .83 across 4231 participants, including an emptied file drawer). People like co-partisan seekers because they seem tolerant, cooperative, and rational, but this liking is diminished because seekers seem to validate—and may even adopt—opponents’ illegitimate views. Participants liked co-partisan seekers across a range of different motivations guiding these seekers’ actions but, consistent with our theorizing, their liking decreased (though rarely disappeared entirely) when seekers lacked partisan commitments, or when they sought especially illegitimate beliefs. Despite evidence of rising political intolerance in recent decades, these findings suggest people nonetheless celebrate political allies who tolerate and seriously consider their opponents’ views.
Who would mourn democracy? Liberals might, but it depends on who’s in charge
Authors: Benjamin Rachele , Laurin Kristin , Chiang Mindy
Published: January 2025

Despite widespread support for the principles of democracy, democratic norms have been eroding globally for over a decade. We ask whether and how political ideology factors into people’s reactions to democratic decline. We offer hypotheses derived from two theoretical lenses, one considering ideologically-relevant dispositions, and another considering ideologically-relevant situations. Pre-registered laboratory experiments combined with analyses of World Values Survey data indicate that there is a dispositional trend: Overall, liberals are more distressed than conservatives by low democracy. At the same time, situational factors also matter: This pattern emerges most strongly when the ruling party is conservative, and disappears (though it does not flip into its mirror image) when the ruling party is liberal. Our results contribute to ongoing debates over ideological symmetry and asymmetry; they also suggest that, if democracy is worth protecting, not everyone, everywhere will feel the urgency.
Detecting foreign rhythm in native-language speech at birth
Authors: Dvorakova Martina , Kikoťová Natálie , Urbanec Josef , Götz Antonia , Chladkova Katerina
Published: January 2025

Humans tune in to the native language prosody before they are even born. Prior findings with newborns reported language-specific processing of forward versus backward speech and intonational contours and also indicated language-specific processing of iambic versus trochaic patterns in non-linguistic tone stimuli. The present experiment tested newborns’ processing of temporal rhythm patterns in naturalistic native-language speech. Czech-learning newborns were played naturally recorded well-formed Czech utterances with native Czech rhythm (virtually lacking cues to word-level stress) and with non-native rhythm (prolonged foot-initial syllables), while their hemodynamic activity was recorded. The results showed larger hemodynamic responses to the non-native than to the native rhythm in a late analysis window, attributable to a double-peak response shape in the non-native condition. This finding is discussed in terms of suprisal-induced resonating activity after hearing familiar native speech paired with an unfamiliar rhythm pattern. Further, there was an overall attenuated response to the native rhythm localized in the right frontal region (comprising the Broca's area), evidencing right-lateralized processing of speech rhythm. Traditional language development theories claimed that only coarse between-class rhythm differences between languages are processed at birth. Having demonstrated that newborns differentially process non-native vs. native rhythmic patterns within natural native-langugae speech, even in a language outside of the traditional rhythm classes, the present findings disprove some of the early theories and substantially deepen our understanding of early speech development.
Attitudes Toward Open Science Practices Among German Psychologists
Authors: Kubik Veit , Thielmann Isabel , Giesen Carina G. , Koslowski Kenneth , Feld Gordon , Schubert Anna-Lena
Published: January 2025

The wide adoption of Open Science (OS) practices is influencing psychological science positively by increasing openness, transparency, reproducibility, and replicability. Researchers are encouraged to openly share their data, materials, and reproducible code, and to pre-register their hypotheses, design, sample size, and analysis plans whenever possible. On the one hand, these OS practices incur objective and/or perceived benefits, thereby raising hopes among researchers. On the other hand, these practices may also incur objective and/or perceived costs, thereby potentially inducing worries, especially among early career researchers. To investigate researchers’ attitudes toward the application of OS practices in their research and teaching, we conducted a survey among members of the German Psychological Society (N = 596) in 2021. Across status groups, researchers agreed that psychological science generally profits from the application of OS practices and that OS practices will become commonplace in the future. Furthermore, researchers indicated increased trust in studies adopting OS practices. However, researchers of all status groups reported to mainly have experience with pre-registration but less or even no experience with other OS practices. Researchers, especially those early in their career, believed to profit from OS, but also reported worries of making errors, especially when it comes to openly sharing analysis scripts. We discuss the current state of OS implementation and propose interventions to facilitate the broader adoption of OS practices, thereby supporting the career progression of early career researchers.
Psychological profiling of the latest GPT models
Authors: Dávid Juhász , Ujhelyi Adrienn
Published: January 2025

Background and aims: Interest is rapidly rising in the field of Artificial intelligence, and its capabilities. In the last couple of years, the list of potential applications for this technology has been growing exponentially. For this reason I decided to test the last three versions of the most popular LLM (Large Language Model) on the market right now, GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and GPT-4o to shed light on some of the hidden biases of these systems as well as the hidden or maybe unintentional changes made as they get progressively more and more capable.Methods: I conducted 13 psychological tests on all three versions to see the differences in the way they respond to this kind of psychological testing, and compare their results. For this, I used PsychoBench, which is a novel research software that was recently developed by Huang et al., (2024).Results: GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 have both been changed in some aspects compared to their previous versions. They also have severe problems answering emotional intelligence questionnaires. Additionally, another important finding of this study is that GPT-4o more closely resembles human answers in almost all tests than any of the previous models.Discussion: These findings are only exploratory and should be further studied in the future. However there might be a fundamental issue with the effectiveness of conducting these types of questionnaires about emotions and interpersonal relationships with artificial intelligence systems in general.
Dynamics of vision: Grouping takes longer than crowding
Authors: Morea Martina , Herzog Michael H. , Francis Gregory , Manassi Mauro
Published: January 2025

Vision is often understood as a hierarchical, feedforward process, where visual processing proceeds from low-level features to high-level representations, ultimately resulting in a coherent percept. Within just a few tens of milliseconds, the fundamental features of the percept are established. These traditional models are the primary framework for understanding visual crowding, a perceptual phenomenon where the perception of a target is impaired by the presence of flanking elements. In this framework, the early stages of feedforward visual processing are essential for perceiving stimuli under crowding conditions and temporal aspects are not important. In fact, experiments show that stimulus duration affects perception very little with classic crowding displays. Here, we show that for more complex displays, crowding is the outcome of highly dynamic processes. For instance, a 20 ms preview of just the flankers can reduce crowding for displays with the target and the same flankers presented up to 1 second later. This effect occurs only if the flankers have the potential to group during longer stimulus durations. Our findings align with predictions made by the LAMINART model, which employs recurrent segmentation processes unfolding over time to separate objects into distinct representation layers. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of time-consuming grouping processes in spatial and temporal interactions in vision. In contrast to the classic feedforward models of vision, we propose that crowding, and vision in general, is a dynamic process in which multiple potential interpretations of a stimulus are modulated and gated by grouping mechanisms that evolve over time.
Study of Acoustical Parameters in Some Binary Liquid Mixtures at 303K
Authors: Yadav Ranjit Prasad
Published: January 2025

This paper reports the experimental study of ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity for binary liquid mixtures of methanol- bromobenzene and ethanol –bromobenzene at 3MHz ultrasonic frequency at 303k temperature. From these results, acoustic parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (β), free length () and acoustic impedance are calculated. This study is very useful to explain the nature of intermolecular interactions in the mixtures.
Mathematical Modeling of Population Growth for Single Species
Authors: Kunwar Laxman Bahadur
Published: January 2025

Mathematical models play an important role in studying the change of population qualitatively and quantitatively. It is based on the specific property of population growth. The research results are helpful to predict the developing tendency of role of change of population size. In this article we consider modeling of a single species in cases where spatial variation is not present or is not important. In such case we can simply examine the temporal evolution of the system. The model has been observed to give very well fits to population data in numerous, disparate, scenarios ranging from bacteria and yeast to rats and sheep. The increasing study of realistic and practically useful mathematical models in population biology, whether we are dealing with a human population with or without its age distribution, population of an endangered species, bacterial or viral growth and so on, is a reflection of their use in helping to understand the dynamic processes involved and in making practical predictions. Single species models are of relevance to laboratory studies in particular but in the real world can reflect a telescoping of effects which influence the population dynamic.We start with the simplest exponential model presented by Malthus in 1798 and then the improved model presented by Verhulst (1838, 1845). We also illustrate a particular model ''Insect outbreak model: spruce Budworm'', which exhibits two positive linearly stable steady state population that for the spruce budworm.
The Nepal Earthquake 2015 and its Consequences
Authors: Thakur Rajendra
Published: January 2025

Nepal is a hilly country located on the southern lap of Himalayas. Its own identity in the world, Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the world. An earthquake is a major demonstration of the power of the tectonic forces caused by endogenetic thermal conditions of the interior of the earth. It is a natural phenomenon. An earthquake originates at the focus, deep inside the earth, and releases huge energy in the form of waves transmitted through the surface layer of the earth. Movement of the earth itself also creates earthquakes. Earthquakes are hard to predict because we know they will eventually happen just not when. Earthquake can ranges in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to loss people and destroy the whole cities. There are two types of earthquake; Tectonic and volcanic earthquake. In Nepal tectonic earthquake erupted in 25 April and 12 may, 2015 (also known as Gorkha Earthquake), killed nearly 9000 people and injured nearly 22000 people. Its epicenter was east of Gorkha district at Barpak. Due to the eruption of earthquake, hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages flattened across many district of the country i. e., Gorkha, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Dhading, Dolkha, Rasuwa and Sindhupalchowk.
Analysis of Dielectric Properties of Some Polar and Non-Polar Liquids
Authors: Yadav Ranjit Prasad
Published: January 2025

The study of dielectric behavior of polar, non polar liquids and their binary mixtures at various temperatures is very interesting. In this article the values of dielectric constant of polar, non polar & their binary mixtures has been experimentally determined and study their properties at various temperatures 288k, 298k, 308k & 318 K. In this experiment the dielectric constant of the mixture of carbon tetra chloride - ethyl acetate and carbon tetra chloride – dimethyl ether was calculated at different temperatures in different concentrations. The results are discussed in the light of intermolecular interactions occurring in the binary mixture.
मिथिलाञ्चलका ब्राह्मण जाति — एक अध्ययन
Authors: दास बासुदेवलाल
Published: January 2025

मिथिलाञ्चल क्षेत्र अहिले नेपाल र भारत गरी दुई राष्ट्रहरूको भूभागको रूपमा विभाजित अवस्थामा रहेको छ । यहाँका निवासी दुई राष्ट्रका नागरिक भए तापनि यस क्षेत्रको सामाजिक परम्परा र संस्कृति समान रहेका छन् । हिन्दू समाजमा जाति–व्यवस्था कायम रहेको छ । यस व्यवस्थामा ब्राह्मण जातिलाई सबैभन्दा उच्च जातिको रूपमा मानिएको पाइन्छ । ब्राह्मण जातिलाई भौगोलिक बसोबासको हिसाबले दश प्रकारमा विभाजित गरिएको देखिन्छ । यसमा विन्ध्याचलदेखि दक्षिणका ‘पञ्चद्रविड़’ अन्तर्गत कर्णाट, गुर्जर, तैलंग, द्रविड़ र महाराष्ट्र ब्राह्मणहरू पर्दछन् भने विन्ध्याचलदेखि उत्तरका ‘पञ्चगौड़’ अन्तर्गत उत्कल, कान्यकुब्ज, गौड़, मैथिल र सारस्वत ब्राह्मणहरू रहेका छन् । मिथिलाञ्चल क्षेत्रमा निवास गर्ने मुख्य ब्राह्मण मैथिल–ब्राह्मण हुन् । मैथिल–ब्राह्मण जातिमा पञ्जीप्रथाको प्रचलन रहेको छ । यो रक्तशुद्धिकालागि विहित पारिवारिक परिवेशमा वैवाहिक सम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्न बनाइएको विश्वकै एउटा विशिष्ट सामाजिक व्यवस्था हो । अर्कोतिर, मूलरूपमा मैथिल भए पनि कालान्तरमा भूमि–व्यवस्थासित संलग्न भएका हुनाले भूमिहार–ब्राह्मणहरू एउटा बेग्लै जातिको रूपमा समाजमा मान्यता पाएका छन् । यसैगरी, मिथिलाञ्चल क्षेत्रमा अनेक राज्य व्यवस्था सञ्चालन गरेका दोनवार–ब्राह्मण जातिका निवासीहरू रहेका छन् । यिनीहरू कान्यकुब्ज समूहमा पर्ने ब्राह्मण हुन् । त्यस्तै, गौड़ समूहमा पर्ने सनाढ्य–ब्राह्मण जातिका पनि केही परिवार मिथिलाञ्चल क्षेत्रमा रहेका छन् । यस क्षेत्रमा दसौंझी–ब्राह्मण नामक एउटा जाति बस्दछन्, जुन वास्तवमा भाट समूहका मानिएका ब्राह्मण भनिन्छन् । यस अतिरिक्त, सकलदीपी–ब्राह्मण जातिको पनि यस क्षेत्रमा निवास रहेको छ, जसको सम्बन्ध मौलिक रूपमा शाकद्वीपसित रहेको भनिन्छ ।
नरेन्द्र कोहली के साहित्य में “समष्टि परिवार” एक दृष्टिकोण
Authors: एन गीता कुमारी
Published: January 2025

प्राचीन काल से लेकर आज तक समाज के स्वरूप में अनेक परिवर्तन हुए हैं । प्रत्येक काल में समाज अपनी सामाजिक, आर्थिक, राजनितिक, धार्मिक परिस्थितियों को उजागर करता है । समाज का स्वरूप इसी पर आधारित है । आज की प्रस्तुत समस्या व्यष्टिवादिता है । अहं ने मनुष्यको “मैं” में जीना सिखा दिखा दिया है । परिवार विघटित होता नजर आ रहा है । पारिवारिक विघटन को रोकने का नरेन्द्र कोहली अपने साहित्य में सतत प्रयास करते है । वह अपनी उपन्यास, कहानी तथा व्यंग्य रचनाओं मे परिवार को एक नया आयाम देते है, जो आगे आनेवाली पीढियों के मार्ग को प्रशस्त करती है एवम् जीवन जीने के तरीके को एक नया स्वरूप प्रदान करती है ।