bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mappings and Connectedness on Hesitant Fuzzy Soft Multispaces
Authors: Kandil A. , El-Sheikh S. A. , Hosny M. , Raafat M.
Published: August 2020

In this paper, we introduce the concept of mapping on hesitant fuzzy soft multisets and present some results for this type of mappings. The notions of inverse image and identity mapping are defined, and their basic properties are investigated. Hence, kinds of mappings and the composition of two hesitant fuzzy soft multimapping with the same dimension are presented. The concept of hesitant fuzzy soft multitopology is defined, and certain types of hesitant fuzzy soft multimapping such as continuity, open, closed, and homeomorphism are presented in detail. Also, their properties and results are studied. In addition, the concept of hesitant fuzzy soft multiconnected spaces is introduced.
Novel, Selective Inhibitors of USP7 Uncover Multiple Mechanisms of Antitumor Activity In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Ohol Yamini M. , Sun Michael T. , Cutler Gene , Leger Paul R. , Hu Dennis X. , Biannic Berenger , Rana Payal , Cho Cynthia , Jacobson Scott , Wong Steve T. , Sanchez Jerick , Shah Niket , Pookot Deepa , Abraham Betty , Young Kyle , Suthram Silpa , Marshall Lisa A. , Bradford Delia , Kozon Nathan , Han Xinping , Okano Akinori , Maung Jack , Colas Christophe , Schwarz Jacob , Wustrow David , Brockstedt Dirk G. , Kassner Paul D.
Published: August 2020

The deubiquitinase USP7 regulates the levels of multiple proteins with roles in cancer progression and immune response. Thus, USP7 inhibition may decrease oncogene function, increase tumor suppressor function, and sensitize tumors to DNA-damaging agents. We have discovered a novel chemical series that potently and selectively inhibits USP7 in biochemical and cellular assays. Our inhibitors reduce the viability of multiple TP53 wild-type cell lines, including several hematologic cancer and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines, as well as a subset of TP53-mutant cell lines in vitro. Our work suggests that USP7 inhibitors upregulate transcription of genes normally silenced by the epigenetic repressor complex, polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and potentiate the activity of PIM and PI3K inhibitors as well as DNA-damaging agents. Furthermore, oral administration of USP7 inhibitors inhibits MM.1S (multiple myeloma; TP53 wild type) and H526 (small cell lung cancer; TP53 mutant) tumor growth in vivo. Our work confirms that USP7 is a promising, pharmacologically tractable target for the treatment of cancer.
Abstract A021: Multilevel approaches to breast cancer disparities in the United States: An integrative review
Authors: Hohl Sarah D. , Thompson Beti , Molina Yamile , Paskett Electra D.
Published: August 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Since 1990, breast cancer incidence has remained stable and mortality has decreased 2% per year in the U.S. However, ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged women have not experienced these gains in breast cancer outcomes. Understanding shared factors at different levels across disparities may be helpful for improving the well-being of multiple marginalized populations in the U.S. as well as potentially in other countries.

Methods: We conducted an integrative, qualitative review of the literature from 2008-2018 to describe the burden of breast cancer and multilevel interventions to address disparities among three unique, underserved groups in the U.S. We searched Google Scholar and PubMed as well as county, state, and national public health databases and summarized the relevant literature.

Results: African Americans in Chicago, non-Latina White women in Appalachia, and Latinas in the Yakima Valley of Washington State represent three subgroups in the U.S. who suffer disproportionately from breast cancer, including late-stage diagnoses, aggressive subtypes, and poor survival. These characteristics are influenced by biologic, individual, social, and societal factors including gene expression, fear and fatalism, poverty and neighborhood, and access to care. Multilevel interventions across the three geographic areas have included patient navigation and community health workers to bolster education and enhance health care access, support groups, and political advocacy.

Conclusion: African Americans in Chicago, non-Latina White women in Appalachia, and Latinas in the Yakima Valley of Washington State share disproportionate exposure to a myriad of social determinants of health that contribute to lower rates of breast cancer detection and treatment as well as poorer survival. Concerted efforts that address these factors are needed to ensure that all women have access to equitable screening, detection, treatment, and survivorship resources.

Citation Format: Sarah D. Hohl, Beti Thompson, Yamile Molina, Electra D. Paskett. Multilevel approaches to breast cancer disparities in the United States: An integrative review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A021.
Abstract B037: The role of HIV status in health-related quality of life in gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors: Findings from the Restore study
Authors: Polter Elizabeth J. , Wheldon Christopher W. , Kohli Nidhi , Rosser B. R. S.
Published: August 2020

Objective: Prostate cancer is the most common invasive cancer in gay and bisexual men. Despite the unique sexual and urinary concerns of this group, nearly all studies of prostate cancer rehabilitation post-treatment have focused on heterosexual men. Older gay and bisexual men, the generation most likely to experience prostate cancer, also have high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is associated with lower quality of life. Research has indicated that people with HIV may experience health disparities in cancer treatment, but to our knowledge, this is the first quantitative study of the association between HIV status and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in gay and bisexual men with prostate cancer.

Methods: Data from the Restore study, a cross-sectional online survey of gay and bisexual men treated for prostate cancer and residing in the United States or Canada, were used to examine this association. The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) was used to assess function and bother in four domains: urinary, sexual, bowel, and hormone. Overall physical and mental HRQOL was assessed utilizing the SF-12 Health Survey. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to evaluate the association between HIV status and HRQOL scores. Models were adjusted for age, race, treatment (prostatectomy, radiation, or advanced treatment), relationship status (partnered/married versus single/dating/widowed/divorced), preferred role in sex, and number of comorbidities.

Results: Of 193 participants, 24 (12.4%) reported an HIV diagnosis, including 3 diagnosed after their prostate cancer treatment. The cohort was 89 percent white, with mean age 63.4 years. After adjustment for demographic and treatment characteristics, HIV-positive status was associated with lower scores on the EPIC urinary (RD: -10.8, 95% CI: -19.5 to -2.2) and sexual (RD: -10.3, 95% CI: -20.2 to -0.4) domains. Although there were no statistically significant associations found in the other domains, HIV-positive participants reported lower outcomes in all domains except the SF-12 mental domain (RD: 0.3, 95% CI: -5.0 to 5.6).

Conclusion: Our findings, though imprecise, provide evidence that HIV status may be associated with poorer HRQOL in gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors.

Citation Format: Elizabeth J. Polter, Christopher W. Wheldon, Nidhi Kohli, B. R. S. Rosser. The role of HIV status in health-related quality of life in gay and bisexual prostate cancer survivors: Findings from the Restore study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B037.
Abstract B048: Understanding the molecular basis of ER (+) breast cancer among racial groups: Metabolic and proteomic profiling
Authors: Santaliz-Casiano Ashlie M. , Madak-Erdogan Zeynep
Published: August 2020

Breast cancer (BC) mortality for African-American (AA) women in the U.S. is 40% higher than that for non-Hispanic white (Caucasian) women, even though these racial groups have the same incidence rate. The racial disparities might be attributed to socioeconomic status differences; however, they might as well be due to genetic and other nongenetic factors. In our preliminary studies, we found that several angiogenic factors were differentially increased in serum from African-American women with breast cancer risk. We hypothesize that these factors are drivers of inherent biologic differences of increased angiogenesis and tumor aggressiveness and that the serum composition will affect the production of angiogenic factors from breast cancer cells. We expect that we will identify a common and different set of molecules that might impact angiogenic pathways in cell lines derived from African-American and Caucasian women through metabolic and proteomic profiling. These findings will enable us to understand the molecular mechanism behind breast cancer disparities, indicating that serum composition and particular metabolites or proteins specific to African American are affecting breast cancer, therefore giving us a better understanding in order to bridge the racial disparities gap between breast cancer patients and their outcomes.

Citation Format: Ashlie M. Santaliz-Casiano, Zeynep Madak-Erdogan. Understanding the molecular basis of ER (+) breast cancer among racial groups: Metabolic and proteomic profiling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B048.
Abstract B053: Expression of alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD2_v2 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumor initiation and is associated with body mass index
Authors: Teslow Emily A. , Mitrea Cristina , Bao Bin , Mohammad Ramzi M. , Polin Lisa A. , Dyson Greg , Purrington Kristen S. , Bollig-Fischer Aliccia
Published: August 2020

According to epidemiologic research, obesity is a risk factor for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The underlying molecular biology remains unknown. We reasoned that obesity-induced chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) being central, serves as the general link to TNBC. We are the first to report that expression of the epigenetic reader methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 mRNA variant MBD2_v2 in TNBC cell cultures depends on ROS and is necessary to maintain and promote expansion of cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs). The relevance of CSCs is that they are a subpopulation of cancer cells recognized as the source of malignant tumor initiation, and they give rise to drug resistance and metastatic recurrence. We also previously reported evidence that MBD2_v2 expression underlies TNBC resistance to EGFR inhibitor drugs. Now, having used a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model that mimics human obesity, we report that MBD2_v2 and serine/arginine-rich mRNA splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) levels were increased in tumors that formed more frequently in DIO mice relative to lean controls. To more directly test if increased MBD2_v2 drives increased tumor initiation capacity, we stably modified MBD2_v2 or SRSF2 expression in TNBC cells prior to inoculation. MBD2_v2 overexpression increased tumor initiation while SRSF2 knockdown, resulting in decreased MBD2_v2 expression, attenuated tumor formation. In addition, our analysis of TNBC patient tumors revealed a significant positive association for MBD2_v2 expression and body mass index (BMI). African American (AA) women are 1.7 times more often obese relative to European American women, and a TNBC driver mechanism fueled by obesity-coupled inflammation could underlie the higher incidence of TNBC among AA women.

Citation Format: Emily A. Teslow, Cristina Mitrea, Bin Bao, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Lisa A. Polin, Greg Dyson, Kristen S. Purrington, Aliccia Bollig-Fischer. Expression of alternative mRNA splicing variant MBD2_v2 promotes triple-negative breast cancer tumor initiation and is associated with body mass index [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B053.
Abstract B061: Mechanistic and functional interrogation of novel ancestry-related alternatively spliced androgen receptor signal genes in prostate cancer
Authors: Onyenwoke Rob U. , Freedman Jennifer A. , Patierno Brendon M. , Eze Cedric , Dayo Adepeju , George Daniel J. , Patierno Steven R.
Published: August 2020

The age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates for prostate cancer (PCa) among African American (AA) men are significantly higher than among white men. Our studies address the urgent need to interrogate and modulate, for therapeutic application, the molecular mechanisms underlying the more aggressive PCa biology in AA men. The Duke Cancer Institute (DCI) has identified novel alternatively spliced genes between PCa from AA and white patients that drive race-related PCa aggressiveness and drug response, including androgen receptor (AR) target genes. In parallel, North Carolina Central University (NCCU) has interrogated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, which operates in a regulatory loop with AR, and seeks to target AMPK for therapeutic application. Within the context of the AR/AMPK signaling axis, we have delineated the structures of race-related alternative splicing events in fatty acid synthase (FASN) and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate, family member 4 (STEAP4) using polymerase chain reaction and generated CRISPR-Cas constructs to specifically express these variants. In addition, from our exon array analysis, we have identified differential splicing of a cancer-specific ubiquitin ligase complex (MAGE-A3/6-TRIM28), which targets AMPK for degradation, between PCa from AA and white patients. Moreover, we have shown that a PCa cell line derived from an AA patient has a decreased expression level of AMPKα and increased expression levels of TRIM28 splice variants using Western blot. Studies to assess the effects of expression of race-related FASN and STEAP4 variants on PCa cell biology and to directly dissect race-related mechanistic differences in AMPK signaling biology are currently under way. This work identifies and delineates novel AR/AMPK signaling pathway splice variants that may be targetable for PCa.

Citation Format: Rob U. Onyenwoke, Jennifer A. Freedman, Brendon M. Patierno, Cedric Eze, Adepeju Dayo, Daniel J. George, Steven R. Patierno. Mechanistic and functional interrogation of novel ancestry-related alternatively spliced androgen receptor signal genes in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B061.
Abstract B089: [Advocate Abstract] Racial disparities in African American women
Authors: McGlown Sheila
Published: August 2020

My poster will go further into how and why we need to change racial disparities in the AA community. My poster was well received at my first AA conference that I attended in Chicago. I look forward to further research on this most important topic.

Citation Format: Sheila McGlown. [Advocate Abstract] Racial disparities in African American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B089.
Abstract B091: Across border: Towards increasing Pap testing and HPVV knowledge and acceptability among minority populations
Authors: Ashing Kimlin , Ragin Camille , Etim Ndifreke , Rivera Francisca
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The Pap test and human papillomavirus vaccine (HPVV) have the potential to eradicate cervical cancer globally, but implementation continues to prove challenging among minority populations in the United States, especially immigrants and Blacks. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a regional intervention trial designed to increase Pap testing and HPVV knowledge and acceptability.

Methods: The study was conducted in collaboration with community partners to enhance cultural and linguistic relevance. The intervention employed social marketing strategy using electronic (public service announcements via local TV and radio) and print media (local, ethnic newspaper and circulars) for broad, cost effective dissemination of HPVV and Pap testing information and resources. Regions were assigned to one of two intervention conditions: 1) direct mailing of printed materials with Pap test and HPVV resources and 2) direct mailing only. Women 18-70 years old were included and completed the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to measure changes in Pap test uptake and HPVV knowledge and acceptability from baseline to post-intervention.

Results: Analyses included 322 women who had baseline and post-assessment data: African Americans (n=97), Latina English-language preferred (n= 39), Latina Spanish-language preferred (n=129), and Trinidadians (n=57). Results showed statistically significant differences in improved HPV knowledge for African Americans (p = .019), Latina Spanish (p=.009), and Trinidadians (p=.034), but not Latina English-language preferred participants. Changes in acceptability of HPV vaccine were also significant across all groups except Trinidadians. Pap testing also showed significant increases. At preintervention, 21% of women reported not having a Pap test in the past 2 years. Post-intervention results showed Pap test completion increased by 10% in the mailed intervention group and 23% in the mailed plus social marketing group.

Conclusion: The results suggest utility and efficacy for the trial as both the mail-only and the mail-plus-social-marketing groups improved. However, compared to the mail condition only, mail plus social marketing seemed more likely to be effective for improving Pap testing. Our findings show multilevel contextual factors (including culture, country of origin, SES, and immigration) influenced Pap testing and HPVV acceptability.

Citation Format: Kimlin Ashing, Camille Ragin, Ndifreke Etim, Francisca Rivera. Across border: Towards increasing Pap testing and HPVV knowledge and acceptability among minority populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B091.
Abstract B103: Community-based uptake of self-sampling for HPV DNA-based testing for cervical cancer screening in Ethiopia: Preliminary findings of a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Gizaw Muluken , Ruddies Friederike , Addissie Adamu , Worku Alemayehu , Abebe Tamrat , Teka Brhanu , Kaufmann Andreas M. , Kantelhardt Eva
Published: August 2020

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of all cancers among women residing in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, although the standard method of CC screening is using Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA), service accessibility is limited and the uptake by eligible women is very low. Self-sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing might improve the uptake of targeted women for CC screening, especially for hard-to-reach population in Ethiopia. We investigated whether self-collection of cervicovaginal samples for HPV DNA tests would be associated with increased uptake of screening compared with VIA.

Methods: A community-based randomized controlled trial has been conducted in Butajira, one of the Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites (HDSS) of Ethiopia. A total of 55 clusters comprising 2,356 women aged 30-49 were randomized in two arms. Community-based sensitization was conducted using the local community workers at their vicinity. Following the community mobilization women were invited to go to the local health post for self-collection-based HPV DNA testing (arm A) or to Butajira Hospital for VIA screening (arm B). We compared the uptake of screening between the two arms.

Results: In the HPV arm, of the total 1,213 sensitized women, 1,020 (84.1%) (P<0.0001) accessed the health post for HPV screening. In the VIA arm, 575 of 1,143 (50.5%) visited the hospital. Among the women who accessed the health post for HPV DNA testing, 892 of 1,020 (87.5%) (p=0.0007) provided samples, while 466 of 575 (81%) underwent VIA screening. The residual was excluded due to eligibility criteria in both arms.

Conclusion: This preliminary finding of the trial demonstrated better community acceptability and uptake of self-collection-based CC screening at the health post compared to VIA at the hospital. Self-collection-based CC screening can be done at the local health facility and may significantly improve the uptake of CC screening in Ethiopia.

Citation Format: Muluken Gizaw, Friederike Ruddies, Adamu Addissie, Alemayehu Worku, Tamrat Abebe, Brhanu Teka, Andreas M. Kaufmann, Eva Kantelhardt. Community-based uptake of self-sampling for HPV DNA-based testing for cervical cancer screening in Ethiopia: Preliminary findings of a cluster randomized trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B103.
Abstract B107: Cervical cancer screening behaviors and perceptions of medical mistrust among rural Black and White women
Authors: Hall Marla B. , Vos Paul , Bess Jukelia , Reburn Kelly , Locklear Gavin , McAlister Jamila , Bell Ronny
Published: August 2020

Background: This study examined the relationship of medical mistrust, using the Group-based Medical Mistrust Scale (GBMMS), and Papanicolaou (Pap) testing behaviors among rural Black and White women.

Methods: Utilizing a convenience sample, a cross-sectional study was performed. Inclusion criteria included self-identification as a non-Hispanic Black or White female, at least 21 years of age and a resident of one of the predetermined counties in the region. Analyses conducted were two-sample t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, Pearson's r and logistical regression.

Results: Among 338 women, four GBMMS items had statistically significant outcomes using multiple significance tests and remained when adjusting for demographic variables. Analyses indicated that Whites were dissatisfied with the health care system to a greater extent than Blacks. In addition, among White respondents, as the level of medical mistrust increases, an individual's likelihood of ever having had a Pap test performed decreases. Moreover, among the White subgroup, women who have formed a habit of adhering to the recommendation were more likely to maintain annual commitment.

Conclusions: The impact of medical mistrust on health care-seeking behaviors should be explored beyond merely members of racial/ethnic minority groups. The findings will be used to create a community-informed, multilevel cervical cancer screening intervention to foster healthful behaviors among racially diverse rural populations. This approach has the potential to reduce prevalent disparities among rural residents when compared to urban areas of the state.

Citation Format: Marla B. Hall, Paul Vos, Jukelia Bess, Kelly Reburn, Gavin Locklear, Jamila McAlister, Ronny Bell. Cervical cancer screening behaviors and perceptions of medical mistrust among rural Black and White women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B107.
Abstract C007: Multilevel analysis of person-, county-, and state-level contributors to triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis among women in the United States
Authors: Scott Lia C.
Published: August 2020

While multiple individual level factors have been identified to play a role in the etiology of breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, few studies have used mixed modeling techniques to explore the role that additional levels of predictors may play in triple-negative breast cancer. Since disparities persist even when known factors are accounted for, the scope of research must be expanded to examine factors that contribute to disparate outcomes at an ecologic level. Mixed modeling can perhaps better account for the spatial heterogeneity in these cases. Random intercept mixed models can account for different effects across areas, yet they assumes higher levels are independent, thus are limited in terms of handling spatial dependence. In this study, we explored the odds of triple-negative diagnosis, given breast cancer diagnosis, at the individual level, controlling for individual, county and state level variables. The intraclass correlations for county and state were 3.8% and 0.8%, respectively. When controlling for county and state level predictors, disparities by age, race and stage persisted. Non-Hispanic black women consistently had twice the odds of diagnosis with TNBC, women age 40 and under had 1.7 times the odds of diagnosis, and women diagnosed at late stage had 1.5 times the odds of diagnosis. County-level residential segregation and educational attainment variables were significant predictors of triple-negative diagnosis, while no state level policy variables were statistically significant predictors, after controlling statistically for random state intercepts that account for other omitted state variables. Residential isolation proved to be disadvantageous to diagnosis, while residential diversity and area educational attainment were protective. Future studies should continue to explore various environmental factors, physical and social, that contribute the variation in disparate rates of diagnosis.

Citation Format: Lia C. Scott. Multilevel analysis of person-, county-, and state-level contributors to triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis among women in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C007.
Abstract C047: Diet and risk of cancer in minority populations in New York City
Authors: Zambrano Cristina N. , Beeber Maayan , Panitz April , Tan Yin , Ma Grace , Navder Khursheed , Yeh Ming-Chin , Ogunwobi Olorunseun
Published: August 2020

Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States, and it disproportionally affects minority populations. Poor dietary habits, such as diet low in fruits and vegetables, increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Moreover, socioeconomic factors contribute to limited access to fresh and healthy foods and limited opportunities for safe physical activity, leading to poor physical health. In this interdisciplinary study, we aim to investigate any relationships between dietary behaviors and cancer risk in adults aged 50 years and above. We are recruiting participants at a senior center in East Harlem, New York City, a racially diverse and underserved community. The participants complete a NIH-validated survey through which we assess their dietary habits and collect standardized demographic data and history of cancer. Urine samples from participants are analyzed for polyphenols, commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Quantification of polyphenol content in urine is determined by a standard curve based on the concentration of gallic acid, a stable and convenient chemical that is representative of polyphenols from fruits and vegetables. So far, analysis of urine from a cohort of diverse participants (n=15) has been performed. The range of gallic acid concentration obtained was 3.85-17.14 μg/mL. We observed the lowest gallic acid concentration in a participant with history of cancer, suggesting low level of polyphenol content in their urine. Ongoing work includes further recruitment of participants and an intervention consisting of active nutritional education (cooking classes, workshops, etc.). A control group that will not receive this educational intervention will be provided with brochures through mail informing them about general health information. At the end of the intervention period, urine will be collected and analyzed to assess the impact of nutritional education on dietary habits in underserved and minority communities.

Citation Format: Cristina N. Zambrano, Maayan Beeber, April Panitz, Yin Tan, Grace Ma, Khursheed Navder, Ming-Chin Yeh, Olorunseun Ogunwobi. Diet and risk of cancer in minority populations in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C047.
Abstract C056: Cancer patterns and trends in Costa Rica: A population-based tumor registry study
Authors: Picado Omar , Baeker-Bispo Jordan , Bouzoubaa Layla , Balise Raymond R. , Lopes Gilberto , Kobetz Erin N.
Published: August 2020

Background: Recent economic and social changes in low- and middle-income countries in Latin American have influenced the raise of noncommunicable diseases, including cancer. Data from cancer registries are critical for surveilling disease trends during periods of epidemiologic transition. The aim of this study is to generate population estimates of cancer incidence rates in Costa Rica and to evaluate geographical differences.

Methods: The National Tumor Registry in Costa Rica was queried for cancer cases diagnosed between 2009-2014. Population data were used to calculate sex, country and region-specific age standardized rates (ASR) per 100,000 people using the World Health Organization's 2000 standard population. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to assess the effect of sex and geographic regions.

Results: The overall cancer incidence rate in Costa Rica was 219.24 cases per 100,000. Females had a higher cancer rates relative to males (SIR: 1.1, 95% CI: 1.08-1.11, p < .001). The leading cancers were prostate (ASR: 53.09, 95% CI: 51.75-54.46), female breast (ASR: 48.73; 95% CI: 47.54-49.94), cervical (ASR: 30.78; 95% CI: 29.77-31.62), stomach (ASR: 17.45; 95% CI: 16.93-17.99), colorectal (ASR: 16.49; 95% CI: 15.98-17.00) and thyroid (ASR: 12.96; 95% CI: 12.54-13.40) cancers. San Jose had the highest breast and colon cancers rates whereas, Cartago had the highest rates for gastric and thyroid cancers.

Conclusion: Costa Rica has a growing cancer burden involving preventable cancers. Continued monitoring of trends in incidence rates is needed to implement cancer control actions. Further involvement to create cancer prevention strategies and programs aimed to reduce cancer burden is warranted.

Citation Format: Omar Picado, Jordan Baeker-Bispo, Layla Bouzoubaa, Raymond R. Balise, Gilberto Lopes, Erin N. Kobetz. Cancer patterns and trends in Costa Rica: A population-based tumor registry study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C056.
Abstract C097: [Advocate Abstract] Disparities in cancer prevention and care in the trans population
Authors: Elliott Jennifer
Published: August 2020

The transexual, transgender, and gender nonbinary population has unique cancer prevention and care needs. How are we addressing this population's needs at present? How can we do better? Are we adequately screening for prostate cancer in this population? Are we adequately screening for ovarian and uterine cancer in this population? How about breast cancer? This poster will present the results of a survey of care happening at present, along with suggestions on how to do better from the patient perspective.

Citation Format: Jennifer Elliott. [Advocate Abstract] Disparities in cancer prevention and care in the trans population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C097.
Abstract C106: Racial/ethnic disparities in inflammatory breast cancer survival in the Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program
Authors: Gudina Abdi T. , Copeland Glenn , Soliman Amr , Hirko Kelly A.
Published: August 2020

Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, largely due to its strong metastatic potential. The lack of a standard case definition for IBC over time, coupled with the fact that IBC is a relatively rare disease, has severely limited our understanding of the disease. While racial disparities in IBC incidence are fairly well documented, with black women having significantly higher IBC rates compared to white women, less is known about whether IBC prognosis differs by race/ethnicity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to utilize a comprehensive case definition of IBC to assess racial/ethnic disparities in survival in the Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program (MCSP) from 1998 to 2014.

Methods: Using a comprehensive case definition of IBC, 1,324 IBC patients were identified from women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the MCSP between 1998 and 2014 with information on survival time and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black (NHB)=227; non-Hispanic White (NHW)=984; Hispanic =86; other =27). We examined the frequency and percentage of breast cancer cases coded to the various IBC codes in the MCSP registry over the study period. We used age-adjusted and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models with age as the underlying time metric to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations of race/ethnicity with all-cause mortality, using NHW women as the reference group.

Results: The percentage of all breast cancer cases defined as IBC in the MCSP registry differs considerably across registry codes from 0.03% to 1.2%. We observed significantly higher risk of death among NHB compared with NHW (HR (95% CI), 1.21 (1.01-1.45)), while no significant survival differences were observed between NHW and Hispanics or other racial/ethnic minorities.

Conclusions: A comprehensive case definition should be utilized to avoid underestimation of IBC and to better understand this aggressive disease. Further research is needed to identify underlying causes and develop effective interventions to reduce survival disparities in IBC.

Citation Format: Abdi T. Gudina, Glenn Copeland, Amr Soliman, Kelly A. Hirko. Racial/ethnic disparities in inflammatory breast cancer survival in the Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C106.
Abstract C107: [Advocate Abstract] Intermittent fasting for cancer patients
Authors: Stromer Nicole
Published: August 2020

When lab mice received chemotherapy and a fasted diet, the immune system was better able to target cancer cells. There is evidence from research that intermittent fasting in any form could slow cancer tumor growth, reduce treatment side effects, boost the immune system and increase survival rates.

Intermittent fasting refers to cycles of alternating eating and refraining from eating, or fasting. Some of the different types of intermittent fasting include:

24 Fasting….. This type of fasting means not eating at all for 24 hours. This is typically done once or twice a week.

The 5:2 Diet…… The 5:2 strategy modifies 24-hour fasting. It involves restricting calories for two 24-hour periods per week. On those two days women eat 500 calories and men 600 calories.

The 16/8 Fast…… This strategy involves not eating for 16 hours every day. Most people do this by skipping breakfast, and not eating between 8:00 at night and noon the next day.

Calorie Restriction…..Calorie restriction involves reducing calorie intake by 20 to 40% every day for an extended period of time. A guideline would be 1,200 calories per day for women and 1,400 calories per day for men.

Citation Format: Nicole Stromer. [Advocate Abstract] Intermittent fasting for cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C107.
Abstract C126: Plant isolate dibenzyl trisulfide potently inhibits cytochrome P450 1 enzyme activity and the growth of breast cancer cells derived from African American patients
Authors: Wooten Jonathan V. , Wauchope Shaniece , Mavingire Nicole , Campbell Petreena , Watson JéAnn , Gossell-Williams Maxine , Delgoda Rupika , Brantley Eileen
Published: August 2020

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), characterized by tumors that lack expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), carries a poor prognosis. African American women develop TNBC at disproportionately higher rates than women of other ethnic groups. Dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS), found expressed in the Jamaican plant Petiveria alliacea, has been shown to inhibit the growth of several cancer types. However, little is known about whether this plant isolate displays anticancer activity in TNBC cells from African American patients or modulates cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1) enzyme activity. This work, as part of an ongoing ethnopharmacology-based bioactivity screening, was designed to fill this deficit. African American TNBC (AA-TNBC) cells HCC1806 and MDA-MB-468 were treated with varying concentrations of DTS for 48 h and cell viability was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay. DTS potently inhibited the growth of HCC1806 and MDA-MB-468 cells, producing IC50 values of 10.6 ± 1.2μM and 10.3 ± 2.0μM, respectively. Additionally, we discovered that DTS induced apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, we investigated the ability DTS to impact the activities of the CYP1 family of enzymes, which are known to convert procarcinogens to carcinogens. The IC50 values obtained for CYPs 1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 were 1.68 ± 0.3μM, 1.9 ± 0.2μM and 1.29 ± 0.3μM, respectively. These data indicate DTS exhibits potent inhibition of the activities of these enzymes. In particular, DTS was able to bind to CYP1A2 in accordance with irreversible kinetics. In addition, DTS reduced CYP1 mRNA expression in both cell lines. Our findings provide a rationale for in vivo evaluations of DTS as a potential candidate for chemoprevention and for treating AA-TNBC patients.

Citation Format: Jonathan V. Wooten, Shaniece Wauchope, Nicole Mavingire, Petreena Campbell, JéAnn Watson, Maxine Gossell-Williams, Rupika Delgoda, Eileen Brantley. Plant isolate dibenzyl trisulfide potently inhibits cytochrome P450 1 enzyme activity and the growth of breast cancer cells derived from African American patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C126.
Abstract IA08: Exploring social determinants of cancer outcomes using multilevel spatial analysis
Authors: Scribner Richard , Danos Denise , Leonardi Claudia , Ferguson Tekeda , Yu Qingzhao , Simonsen Neal , Wu Xiao-Cheng
Published: August 2020

Health disparities research increasingly relies on a social determinants of health approach, which focuses on identifying modifiable social and environmental factors that adversely affect health outcomes to create health disparities. We have used a multilevel framework that leverages cancer registry and US census data to examine the role of neighborhood social determinants in cancer incidence and survival in Louisiana. Multilevel studies of cases of colorectal, liver, and breast cancer reveal that differential exposure to unfavorable social and physical environments do contribute to racial disparities in cancer. In particular, we have observed that concentrated disadvantage, a robust measure of neighborhood environment, was positively associated with the incidence of colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma but not triple-negative breast cancer.

Citation Format: Richard Scribner, Denise Danos, Claudia Leonardi, Tekeda Ferguson, Qingzhao Yu, Neal Simonsen, Xiao-Cheng Wu. Exploring social determinants of cancer outcomes using multilevel spatial analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.
Abstract IA40: Advocate Perspective: Shaping survivorship in Hawaii
Authors: Matusmoto Lillian K.
Published: August 2020

As a person who has been diagnosed and treated four times for breast cancer, I have a deep value for the care of cancer warriors. I am especially interested in longer-term survivorship. What happens to cancer survivors after their formal care is complete? Today I will share some of my experience as well as discuss some work that the Hawaii Comprehensive Cancer Coalition has been conducting on behalf of cancer survivors. In the Hawaiian Islands we have a unique geography in that there are people living on many different islands and all in need of good care. Our work has been conducted by getting a firsthand look at what is needed throughout the primary Hawaiian Island chain, as the needs differ greatly depending on location. I also plan to talk about what has been helpful for me personally. Each of us has our own experience, and each experience is rich and adds to the landscape of cancer survivorship. I want to make sure people are not left behind, and I also want to do my part to try to ensure the best long-term care for cancer survivors, or as I like to call us, cancer warriors.

Citation Format: Lillian K. Matusmoto. Advocate Perspective: Shaping survivorship in Hawaii [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA40.
Abstract IA43: Breast cancer and African ancestry
Authors: Newman Lisa A.
Published: August 2020

Variation in cancer incidence and outcome has well-documented correlations with racial-ethnic identity. In the United States, the possible genetic/ancestral hereditary explanations for these associations are confounded by socioeconomic, cultural, and lifestyle patterns. Differences in the breast cancer burden of African American (AA) compared to European/Caucasian (White) American (WA) women represent one of the most notable examples of disparities in oncology related to racial-ethnic identity. Elucidating the etiology of these associations is imperative in achieving the promise of the precision medicine initiatives. Population-based breast cancer mortality rates have been higher for AA compared to WA women since the early 1980s, likely reflecting declines in mortality among WA related to the advent of endocrine therapy, which is less effective in AA women because of the higher prevalence of estrogen receptor-negative disease. The increased risk of triple-negative breast cancer in AA women as well as western, sub-Saharan African women compared to WA, European, and east African women furthermore suggests that selected components of African ancestry are associated with hereditary susceptibility for specific patterns of mammary carcinogenesis. Oncologic anthropology represents a transdisciplinary field of research that can combine the expertise of population geneticists, translational oncologists, and behavioral scientists to elucidate breast cancer disparities related to racial-ethnic identity and to advance knowledge related to the pathogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer. This presentation will review associations between triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer and African ancestry, with a proposed mechanism based upon hereditary and population migration patterns.

Citation Format: Lisa A. Newman. Breast cancer and African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr IA43.