bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evolution of drum modes with strike intensity: Analysis and synthesis using the discrete cosine transform
Authors: Kirby Tim , Sandler Mark
Published: July 2021

The synthesis of convincing acoustic drum sounds remains an open problem. In this paper, a method for analysing and synthesising pitch glide in drums is proposed, whereby the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of an unwindowed drum sound is modelled. This is an extension of the scheme initially proposed by Kirby and Sandler [(2020). Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Digital Audio Effects, Vienna, Austria, pp. 155–162], which was able to reproduce key components of drum sounds accurately enough that they could not be distinguished from the reference samples. Here, drum modes were analysed in greater detail for a tom-tom struck at 67 different intensities to investigate their evolution with strike velocity. A clear evolution was observed in the DCT features, and interpolation was used to synthesise the modes of intermediate velocity. These synthesised modes were evaluated objectively through null testing, which showed that a continuous blending of strike velocities could be achieved throughout the data set. An AB listening test was also performed, where 20 participants attempted to distinguish between pairs of real and synthesised sounds. Exactly 50% accuracy was achieved overall, which demonstrates that the synthesised samples were deemed to sound as realistic as genuine samples. These results demonstrate that the DCT representation is a valuable framework for analysis and synthesis of drum sounds. It is also likely that this approach could be applied to other instruments.
Numerical-modeling-based investigation of sound transmission and reception in the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus)
Authors: Song Zhongchang , Zhang Jinhu , Ou Wenzhan , Zhang Chuang , Dong Lijun , Dong Jianchen , Li Songhai , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2021

The sound-transmission, beam-formation, and sound-reception processes of a short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) were investigated using computed tomography (CT) scanning and numerical simulation. The results showed that sound propagations in the forehead were modulated by the upper jaw, air components, and soft tissues, which attributed to the beam formation in the external acoustic field. These structures owned different acoustic impedance and formed a multiphasic sound transmission system that can modulate sounds into a beam. The reception pathways composed of the solid mandible and acoustic fats in the lower head conducted sounds into the tympano-periotic complex. In the simulations, sounds were emitted in the forehead transmission system and propagated into water to interrogate a steel cylinder. The resulting echoes can be interpreted from multiple perspectives, including amplitude, waveform, and spectrum, to obtain the acoustic cues of the steel cylinder. By taking the short-finned pilot whale as an example, this study provides meaningful information to further deepen our understanding of biosonar system operations, and may expand sound-reception theory in odontocetes.
Evaluation of the Synergistic Activity of Antibacterial and Antifungal Drugs against Candida auris Using an Inkjet Printer-Assisted Method
Authors: Brennan-Krohn Thea , Friar Liam , Ditelberg Sarah , Kirby James E.
Published: July 2021

Candida auris
is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that spreads readily in health care settings and has caused numerous hospital outbreaks. Very few treatment options exist for
C. auris
infections.
Should Deep-Sequenced Amplicons Become the New Gold Standard for Analyzing Malaria Drug Clinical Trials?
Authors: Jones Sam , Kay Katherine , Hodel Eva Maria , Gruenberg Maria , Lerch Anita , Felger Ingrid , Hastings Ian
Published: July 2021

Regulatory clinical trials are required to ensure the continued supply and deployment of effective antimalarial drugs. Patient follow-up in such trials typically lasts several weeks as the drugs have long half-lives and new infections often occur during this period. “Molecular correction” is therefore used to distinguish drug failures from new infections.
Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolate Screening in Azole-Containing Agar Plates (EUCAST E.Def 10.1): Low Impact of Plastic Trays Used and Poor Performance in Cryptic Species
Authors: Serrano-Lobo Julia , Gómez Ana , Rodríguez-Sánchez Belén , Muñoz Patricia , Escribano Pilar , Guinea Jesús
Published: July 2021

Azole-containing agar is used in routine
Aspergillus fumigatus
azole resistance screening. We evaluated the impact of the type of plastic used to prepare in-house agar plates on the procedure’s performance against
A. fumigatus sensu stricto
and cryptic species.
A. fumigatus sensu stricto
(
n
 = 91) and cryptic species (
n
 = 52) were classified as susceptible or resistant (EUCAST E.Def 9.3.2; clinical breakpoints v10).
Genetic Context of
optrA
and
poxtA
in Florfenicol-Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Flowing Surface Water in Switzerland
Authors: Biggel Michael , Nüesch-Inderbinen Magdalena , Jans Christoph , Stevens Marc J. A. , Stephan Roger
Published: July 2021

Linezolid is an important last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant enterococci. The aim of this study was to further characterize the genetic context of
optrA
and
poxtA
in 10 florfenicol-resistant enterococci isolated from flowing surface water. In most genomes,
optrA
and
poxtA
were embedded in transposition units integrated into plasmids or into the chromosomal
radC
. For the first time, a chromosomally integrated
optrA
in an
Enterococcus raffinosus
isolate is described.
Why Remdesivir Failed: Preclinical Assumptions Overestimate the Clinical Efficacy of Remdesivir for COVID-19 and Ebola
Authors: Yan Victoria C. , Muller Florian L.
Published: July 2021

Remdesivir is a nucleoside monophosphoramidate prodrug that has been FDA approved for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical efficacy of remdesivir for COVID-19 remains contentious, as several trials have not found statistically significant differences in either time to clinical improvement or mortality between remdesivir-treated and control groups.
Development of High-Level Daptomycin Resistance in
Abiotrophia
and
Granulicatella
Species Isolates from Patients with Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Cañas María A. , Téllez Adrian , García de la Mària Cristina , Dahl Anders , García-González Javier , Hernández-Meneses Marta , Almela Manel , Ambrosioni Juan , Falces Carlos , Quintana Eduard , Vidal Barbara , Perissinotti Andres , Tolosana José M. , Sandoval Elena , Pericàs Juan M. , Moreno Asunción , Miró José M.
Published: July 2021

Abiotrophia
and
Granulicatella
species are fastidious organisms, representing the causative agents of ∼1% to 3% of cases of infective endocarditis (IE). Little is known about the optimal antibiotic treatment for these species, and daptomycin has been suggested as a therapeutic option.
Protein Acetyltransferases Mediate Bacterial Adaptation to a Diverse Environment
Authors: Dash Aiswarya , Modak Rahul
Published: July 2021

Protein lysine acetylation is a conserved posttranslational modification that modulates several cellular processes. Protein acetylation and its physiological implications in eukaryotes are well understood; however, its role in bacteria is emerging.
Early Neoproterozoic (870–820 Ma) amalgamation of the Tarim craton (northwestern China) and the final assembly of Rodinia
Authors: Zhao Pan , He Jinyou , Deng Chenglong , Chen Yan , Mitchell Ross N.
Published: July 2021

In the paleogeographic configuration of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia, the Tarim craton (northwestern China), traditionally seen as a single block, is placed either on the periphery near northern Australia or India or in a central position between Australia and Laurentia. To distinguish between these possibilities, we present here new primary paleomagnetic results from ca. 900 Ma volcanics in the Aksu region of the northwestern Tarim craton. The data reveal a ~28° latitudinal difference between the North Tarim and South Tarim blocks at ca. 900 Ma and constrain the age of amalgamation of the Tarim craton to between 870 and 820 Ma. Combining paleomagnetic poles from Tarim and major cratons of Rodinia with geological evidence, a two-stage orogenic model is proposed for the assembly of Rodinia. Late Mesoproterozoic orogenesis (1.3–1.0 Ga) led to the assembly of Australia–East Antarctica, Baltica, Umkondia, South Tarim, and Cathaysia with Laurentia, forming the core of Rodinia. Thereafter, the Jiangnan–Central Tarim Ocean separating North Tarim and Yangtze from South Tarim and Cathaysia was closed before ca. 820 Ma. This second Jiangnan–Central Tarim orogeny caused nearly coeval amalgamation of the peripheral Tarim and South China cratons by the welding of North Tarim and Yangtze to South Tarim and Cathaysia, respectively. The supercontinent of Rodinia was thus assembled by two orogenic phases separated by ~200 m.y.
Anoxic depositional overprinting of 238U/235U in calcite: When do carbonates tell black shale tales?
Authors: Chen Xinming , Romaniello Stephen J. , McCormick Michael , Sherry Alyssa , Havig Jeff R. , Zheng Wang , Anbar Ariel D.
Published: July 2021

The fidelity of uranium isotopes (δ238U) in marine carbonates as a paleoredox proxy relies on whether carbonates can record and preserve seawater δ238U. Although modern carbonate sediments deposited under oxic conditions have been shown to track seawater δ238U, it remains unknown whether this is true for carbonates deposited under anoxic conditions. This is a crucial question because many ancient carbonates were likely deposited or reworked under anoxic bottom waters. To better understand the behavior of uranium isotopes under this scenario, we investigated U isotope geochemistry in the meromictic Fayetteville Green Lake (FGL; New York, USA), where primary calcite is precipitated from oxic surface waters, sinks past the chemocline, and is deposited under anoxic bottom waters. We observed significant depletions of dissolved U concentration (from 2.7 to 0.9 ppb) and δ238U (from –0.55‰ to –0.96‰) below the chemocline in FGL. Parallel with these depletions, δ238U of sediment traps increased progressively from –0.51‰ to –0.16‰, suggesting that U(VI) reduction was occurring in the anoxic water column. Carbonate sediments deposited under anoxic bottom waters were enriched in U by 6–18× compared to primary calcite. Our data suggest that such significant authigenic U enrichments resulted from U(VI) reduction in the anoxic water column and below the sediment-water interface. The δ238U value in the top 0.25 cm of sediments was –0.29‰ ± 0.10‰, overprinting original δ238U in primary calcite (–0.51‰ ± 0.02‰). Future applications of carbonate δ238U as a paleoredox proxy should consider depositional environments (oxic vs. anoxic) of carbonates.
Construction of the Lesser Himalayan–Subhimalayan thrust belt: The primary driver of thickening, exhumation, and high elevations in the Himalayan orogen since the middle Miocene
Authors: Long Sean P. , Robinson Delores M.
Published: July 2021

Documenting the structural evolution of the Himalayan orogen is fundamental for understanding the dynamics of collisional orogenesis. We argue that the importance of deformation in the frontal, Lesser Himalayan–Subhimalayan (LH-SH) portion of the Himalayan thrust belt for driving crustal thickening over the past ~15–13 m.y. has long been overlooked. To quantify its contribution to thickening, we measured parameters from 22 published cross sections that span the length of the orogen. The mean structural uplift accomplished by the LH-SH thrust belt increases from 10–15 km in the eastern half of the orogen to 15–23 km in the western half. An antiformal culmination constructed by LH duplexing is observed across the orogen and increases in structural height (to as much as 15–20 km) and north-south width moving westward. Construction of the culmination was the primary mechanism for building and maintaining wedge taper. The westward scaling of culmination size is accompanied by doubling and tripling of LH-SH shortening and accretion magnitude, respectively; when combined with a consistent orogen-wide modern taper angle (11° ± 2°), this indicates that duplexing facilitated the growth of an overall larger orogenic wedge moving westward. Following the initial southward propagation of deformation into LH rocks at ca. 15–13 Ma, the Himalayan orogenic wedge has been characterized by stacking of multiple thin, small-displacement thrust sheets to develop a high-taper orogenic wedge. Thus, LH-SH deformation has had a profound effect on driving thickening, exhumation, and the attainment of high elevations since the middle Miocene.
Earth's new tectonic regime at the dawn of the Paleoproterozoic: Hf isotope evidence for efficient crustal growth and reworking in the São Francisco craton, Brazil
Authors: Bruno Henrique , Heilbron Monica , Strachan Rob , Fowler Mike , de Morisson Valeriano Claudio , Bersan Samuel , Moreira Hugo , Cutts Kathryn , Dunlop Joseph , Almeida Rasec , Almeida Julio , Storey Craig
Published: July 2021

A zircon Hf isotope data set from Archean and Paleoproterozoic magmatic and metasedimentary rocks of the southern São Francisco craton (Brazil) is interpreted as evidence of accretionary and collisional plate tectonics since at least the Archean-Proterozoic boundary. During the Phanerozoic, accretionary and collisional orogenies are considered the end members of different plate tectonic settings, both involving preexisting stable continental lithosphere and consumption of oceanic crust. However, mechanisms for the formation of continental crust during the Archean and Paleoproterozoic are still debated, with the addition of magmatic rocks to the crust being explained by different geodynamic models. Hf isotopes can be used to quantify the proportion of magmatic addition into the crust: positive εHf values are usually interpreted as indications of magmatic input from the mantle, whereas crust-derived rocks show more negative εHf. We show that the crust of the amalgamated Paleoproterozoic tectonostratigraphic terranes that make up the southern São Francisco craton were generated from different proportions of mantle and crustal isotopic reservoirs. Plate tectonic processes are implied by a consistent sequence of events involving (1) the generation of juvenile subduction-related magmatic arc rocks, followed by (2) collisional orogenesis and remelting of older crust, and (3) post-collisional bimodal magmatism.
Contamination of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa) magmas by basinal brines: Stable isotopes in phlogopite from the UG2 chromitite
Authors: Zhou Haoyang , Trumbull Robert B. , Veksler Ilya V. , Bindeman Ilya N. , Glodny Johannes , Kaufmann Felix E.D. , Rammlmair Dieter
Published: July 2021

There is abundant evidence for significant H2O in evolved melts from the platinum-rich UG2 chromitite and the Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex (South Africa), but there is no consensus about the source of H2O. We report triple-oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios of interstitial, late-magmatic phlogopite from three localities of the UG2 layer. The phlogopite yielded δD values of −43 to −23, which is >30 higher than previously known from Bushveld rocks and far above the mantle values of ~−75. The phlogopite triple-oxygen isotope ratios are the first to be reported for Bushveld rocks, with values of Δ′17O0.5305 (17O excess relative to the reference line 0.5305) from –0.069 to –0.044 (δ18O 5.2–6.2). The oxygen data support existing models of as much as 30%–40% contamination of mantle-derived magmas in the lower to middle crust. However, the high δD values require a second step of contamination, which we attribute to brines from the marine sediments in the Transvaal Basin at the emplacement level.
Extremely high alpha-fetoprotein-producing adrenal hepatoid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Thambamroong Tawasapon , Prasongsook Naiyarat , Satayasoontorn Kantang , Saichaemchan Siriwimon
Published: July 2021

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare tumour that produces an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adrenal HAC is exceedingly rare. Here we report extremely high AFP-producing adrenal HAC, the first case in Thailand. A 47-year-old man presented with left flank pain and weight loss for 2 months. A palpably huge left flank mass was observed on physical examination. CT revealed a 7 cm enhanced mass involving the left adrenal gland and multiple contrast-enhanced hypodense masses in both liver lobes. The largest was a 3.7 cm at liver segment-VII without cirrhotic background, with an AFP level of 321 495 ng/mL. Both adrenal and liver biopsies were performed. This patient received a diagnosis of advanced adrenal HAC. Unfortunately, the tumour progressed, causing massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding and death. Adrenal HAC is challenging to diagnose, which multifocal HCC, pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical carcinoma should be excluded. Surgical resection is preferred among resectable patients. However, no systemic therapy has been standardised.
Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: do not miss a positive maternal antierythrocyte antibody screen
Authors: Serra de Almeida Nuno , Pinho Crisbety , Faim Diogo , Henriques Raquel
Published: July 2021

Jaundice is one of the most common situations during the neonatal period. Alloimmune haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (AHDFN) is a major cause of pathological jaundice during the neonatal period. Since the establishment of anti-D prophylaxis, other antigens have gained greater clinical importance. The maternal antierythrocyte antibody screen is of great importance in monitoring pregnancy and in predicting the risk of AHDFN. A positive result should alert to the possibility of AHDFN and promote close surveillance of fetal anaemia, as well as neonatal anaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia. We describe a case of AHDFN due to incompatibility of the Rhesus c (Rhc) subgroup, diagnosed in pregnancy, but without effective transmission of information in the perinatal period, so a positive maternal antierythrocyte antibody screen was missed. This case highlights the importance of non-RhD antigens in this disease, but also the importance of a successful handoff of information in the delivery room.
Brainstem stroke presenting as isolated bilateral ptosis
Authors: James Sunil , Thozhuthumparambil Karunakaran Pradeep
Published: July 2021

Pure midbrain infarctions not involving surrounding structures are an uncommon clinical phenomenon. A midbrain infarction that results in isolated bilateral ptosis as the only neurological deficit is much rarer and an easy diagnosis to miss; therefore, potentially leading to further downstream complications. We describe the case of an elderly patient who presented with isolated bilateral ptosis, initially thought to be consequent to myasthenia gravis but subsequently identified to have a perforator infarct in the midbrain, resulting in his symptoms.
A Case of macro-TSH masquerading as subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: D'Arcy Robert , Hunter Steven , Spence Kirsty , McDonnell Margaret
Published: July 2021

A 47-year-old man was commenced on levothyroxine following a diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism with nonspecific symptoms. Despite increasing doses of levothyroxine, his thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) remained elevated and he was referred for further assessment as he was unable to tolerate further titration. On assessment, his thyroid function demonstrated an elevated TSH and elevated free-T4. The initial impression was of iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis, with possible underlying thyroid hormone resistance, TSHoma or assay interference. After discontinuation of levothyroxine, free-T4 normalised but TSH remained elevated. There was a normal response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing. T3 suppression testing demonstrated free-T4 reduction but persistently high TSH. THRβ sequencing was normal. TSH measurement by alternative assays revealed discrepant results. Gel filtration chromatography revealed the presence of high-molecular weight TSH variant alongside normal TSH. Macro-TSH is a rare phenomenon with spuriously elevated TSH and which may mimic subclinical hypothyroidism. Recognition of macro-TSH avoids misdiagnosis and prevents inappropriate treatment.
Lemierre syndrome leading to an ischaemic stroke and malignant cerebral oedema
Authors: Carballo Cuello Cesar , De Jesus Orlando , Labat Eduardo J , Pastrana Emil A
Published: July 2021

Lemierre syndrome is an often misdiagnosed disease caused by an anaerobic bacterial infection that produces thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and septic metastasis to distal organs, especially the lungs. Carotid stenosis or thrombosis is a rare complication. We present a patient with Lemierre syndrome who developed malignant cerebral oedema secondary to an ischaemic stroke which required a decompressive craniectomy.
Acute neurological deficit caused by thoracic pseudomeningocele after spinal surgery
Authors: Foo Choong Hoon , Hii Beatrix Yung Siang , Wong Chung Chek , Ohn Khin Maung
Published: July 2021

Postoperative pseudomeningocele usually has a benign course. We report a rare presentation of postoperative acute neurological deficit caused by compressive thoracic pseudomeningocele. This patient had posterior spinal fusion and decompression surgery for thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum. Intraoperative incidental durotomy was covered with hydrogel dural sealant. She developed acute neurological deterioration 1 week after index surgery. Emergency decompression surgery was performed. One year after the surgery, she showed good neurological recovery.
Optic nerve perineuritis and retroperitoneal panniculitis: rare first presentations of Behçet’s disease
Authors: Yoshioka Katsunobu , Morita Eiko
Published: July 2021

A 46-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of high fever and lumbago. CT revealed increase in density of fat tissue around the aorta, suggesting retroperitoneal panniculitis. The following day, she reported of leg pain, pain in the mouth, painful urination and right eye pain that was exacerbated by eye movement. We observed erythema nodosum, aphthous stomatitis and genital ulceration. Ophthalmologic examination revealed mild right optic disc oedema. Visual acuity was normal in both eyes. MRI with gadolinium infusion revealed enhancement around the right optic nerve, suggesting optic nerve perineuritis (ONP). A diagnosis of Behçet’s disease was made. She was treated with prednisolone and colchicine with a favourable response. A warning sign of ONP is eye pain that is exacerbated by eye movement. MRI with gadolinium infusion should be performed immediately in such cases to prevent vision-threatening sequelae.
Turbulent flow characteristics responsible for current-induced scour around a complex pier
Authors: Gautam Priyanka , Eldho T.I. , Mazumder B.S. , Behera M.R.
Published: July 2021

This study investigates the turbulent flow characteristics around a complex pier (CP) with an elliptical pile-cap to understand the mechanics of the flow responsible for current-induced scour. The velocity data are recorded using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter for a Reynolds number of 67 745. This study gives mean velocities in different horizontal and vertical planes, Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, and spectral analysis around the CP. The streamwise spectra with vortex-shedding frequencies and corresponding Strouhal numbers are discussed for three distinct regions generated by CP. The elliptical pile-cap shields the downward flow at the upstream of the column and the upward-moving wakes at the downstream of the CP, responsible for the sediment entrainment around a pier. In comparison, the effect of perturbed flow around the CP was considerably less than that of the simple pier, resulting in less scour around the CP for identical flow situations.
Ecological correlates of fecal corticosterone metabolites in female Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
Authors: Rabon J.C. , Nuñez C.M.V. , Coates P.S. , Ricca M.A. , Johnson T.N.
Published: July 2021

Measurement of physiological responses can reveal effects of ecological conditions on an animal and correlate with demographic parameters. Ecological conditions for many animal species have deteriorated as a function of invasive plants and habitat fragmentation. Expansion of juniper (genus Juniperus L.) trees and invasion of annual grasses into sagebrush (genus Artemisia L.) ecosystems have contributed to habitat degradation for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus (Bonaparte, 1827); hereinafter Sage-Grouse), a species of conservation concern throughout its range. We evaluated relationships between habitat use in a landscape modified by juniper expansion and annual grasses and corticosterone metabolite levels (stress responses) in feces (FCORTm) of female Sage-Grouse. We used remotely sensed data to estimate vegetation cover within the home ranges of hens and accounted for factors that influence FCORTm in other vertebrates, such as age and weather. We collected 35 fecal samples from 22 radio-collared hens during the 2017–2018 brood-rearing season (24 May–26 July) in southwestern Idaho (USA). Concentrations of corticosterone increased with home range size but decreased with reproductive effort and temperature. The importance of home range size suggests that maintaining or improving habitats that promote smaller home ranges would likely facilitate a lower stress response by hens, which should benefit Sage-Grouse survival and reproduction.
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE QUALITY AND OPTIMIZATION OF CUTTING PARAMETERS IN SLOT MILLING OF GFRP COMPOSITE MATERIALS WITH DIFFERENT FIBER RATIOS PRODUCED BY PULTRUSION METHOD
Authors: YAKA HARUN
Published: July 2021

The final shape of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials is usually given by machining. However, machining FRP materials is complex and difficult. Appropriate cutting tools and cutting parameters should be determined to overcome these difficulties. In this work, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials with 60% and 68% fiber ratio, produced by pultrusion method, were machined. End of the milling, surface roughness (Ra), delamination damage factor (Fdd), sound and vibration results were analyzed. Experiments were carried out with Taguchi L[Formula: see text] mixed design and the results were analyzed by Taguchi, ANOVA and Pareto charts. In Taguchi and Pareto analyses, the most effective parameter for surface roughness and delamination damage factor was the feed rate, and the cutting velocity for sound and vibration. Different regression models have been tried. Linear regression was found as most suitable. The significance values of the regression models are 92.04% for surface roughness, 87.12% for delamination damage factor, 98.64% for sound and 73.27% for vibration.
“We Know our Students”: Teacher Views of Inquiry-Based Learning Implementation in Light of Their Working Context
Authors: Zur Shani , Tal Tali
Published: July 2021

Inquiry-based learning is a well-known strategy in STEM education. It aims to enhance conceptual learning, acquisition of scientific practices, and reflecting on the Nature of Science. However, evidence indicates that in practice, inquiry is often taught in a narrow, mainly experimental approach. This interpretive study analyzes teachers explicit and implicit views regarding implementing inquiry-based learning. The participants enrolled in three professional development programs. They were engaged in multiple genres of inquiry and were encouraged to design an inquiry activity. Data sources included observations, interviews, questionnaires, assignments, and reflections. Findings indicate that with regard to inquiry implementation, teachers were highly concerned about their students’ competency and their own’s working context. Teachers who discussed mostly challenges often designed a narrow-controlled inquiry, while teachers who reflected, negotiated, and challenged their initial views addressed more epistemic aspects of inquiry. Implications for supporting teachers’ development of a broader approach to inquiry learning are discussed.
Enhancing Informal Stem Learning Through Family Engagement in Cooking
Authors: Morris Bradley J. , Zentall Shannon R. , Murray Grace , Owens Whitney
Published: July 2021

Informal learning has the potential to play an important role in helping children develop a life-long interest in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). The goal of this review is to synthesize the evidence regarding the features of effective informal learning, provide effective ways to support learning within these contexts, and illustrate that cooking is an optimal opportunity for informal STEM learning. We review evidence demonstrating that the most effective informal learning activities are authentic, social and collaborative experiences that tap into culturally-relevant practices and knowledge, although there are limitations to each. We propose that cooking provides a context for authentic, culturally-relevant learning opportunities and includes natural supports for learning and engagement. Specifically, cooking provides many opportunities to apply STEM content (e.g., measuring and chemical reactions) to an existing foundation of knowledge about food. Cooking is also a family-based learning opportunity that exists across cultures, allows for in-home mentoring, and requires no specialized materials (beyond those available in most homes). It may help overcome some limitations in informal STEM learning, namely scalability. Finally, cooking provides immediate, tangible (and edible) results, promoting interest and supporting long-term engagement.
Generating Legible and Glanceable Swarm Robot Motion through Trajectory, Collective Behavior, and Pre-attentive Processing Features
Authors: Kim Lawrence H. , Follmer Sean
Published: July 2021

As swarm robots begin to share the same space with people, it is critical to design
legible
swarm robot motion that clearly and rapidly communicates the intent of the robots to nearby users. To address this, we apply concepts from intent-expressive robotics, swarm intelligence, and vision science. Specifically, we leverage the trajectory, collective behavior, and density of swarm robots to generate motion that implicitly guides people’s attention toward the goal of the robots. Through online evaluations, we compared different types of intent-expressive motions both in terms of legibility as well as glanceability, a measure we introduce to gauge an observer’s ability to predict robots’ intent pre-attentively. The results show that the collective behavior-based motion has the best legibility performance overall, whereas, for glanceability, trajectory-based legible motion is most effective. These results suggest that the optimal solution may involve a combination of these legibility cues based on the scenario and the desired properties of the motion.
Metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations to an 8-wk lifestyle weight loss intervention in younger and older obese men
Authors: Vion Julie , Sramkova Veronika , Montastier Emilie , Marquès Marie-Adeline , Caspar-Bauguil Sylvie , Duparc Thibaut , Martinez Laurent O. , Bourlier Virginie , Harant Isabelle , Larrouy Dominique , Moussaoui Nabila , Bonnel Sophie , Vindis Cécile , Dray Cédric , Valet Philippe , Saulnier-Blache Jean-Sébastien , Schanstra Joost P. , Thalamas Claire , Viguerie Nathalie , Moro Cedric , Langin Dominique
Published: July 2021

Rise in obesity and aging worldwide are major trends of critical importance in public health. This study addresses a current challenge in obesity management. Do older obese adults respond differently to a lifestyle intervention composed of moderate calorie restriction and supervised physical activity than younger ones? The main conclusion of the study is that older and younger obese men similarly benefit from the intervention in terms of cardiometabolic risk.
Vitrification of Dog Skin Tissue as a Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Son Young-Bum , Jeong Yeon Ik , Lee Sang-Yun , Jeong Yeon Woo , Lee Ki-June , Hwang Woo Suk
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient vitrification system for cryopreservation of dog skin tissues as a source of stable autologous stem cells. In this study, we performed vitrification using four different cryoprotectants, namely, ethylene glycol (EG), dimethyl‐sulfoxide (Me2SO), EG plus Me2SO, and EG plus Me2SO plus sucrose, and analyzed the behaviors of cells established from warmed tissues. Tissues vitrified with 15% EG, 15% Me2SO, and 0.5 M sucrose had a normal histological appearance and the highest cell viability after cell isolation, and thus, this cocktail of cryoprotectants was used in subsequent experiments. We evaluated proliferation and apoptosis of cells derived from fresh and vitrified tissues. These cells had a normal spindle‐like morphology after homogenization through subculture. Dog dermal skin stem cells (dDSSCs) derived from fresh and vitrified tissues had similar proliferation capacities, and similar percentages of these cells were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers at passage 3. The percentage of apoptotic cell did not differ between dDSSCs derived from fresh and vitrified tissues. Real‐time PCR analysis revealed that dDSSCs at passage 3 derived from fresh and vitrified tissues had similar expression levels of pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG), proapoptotic (BAX), and antiapoptotic (BCL2 and BIRC5) genes. Both types of dDSSCs successfully differentiated into the mesenchymal lineage (adipocytes and osteocytes) under specific conditions, and their differentiation potentials did not significantly differ. Furthermore, the mitochondrial membrane potential of dDSSCs derived from vitrified tissues was comparable with that of dDSSCs derived from fresh tissues. We conclude that vitrification of dog skin tissues using cocktail solution in combination of 15% EG, 15% Me2SO, and 0.5 M sucrose allows efficient banking of these tissues for regenerative stem cell therapy and conservation of genetic resources.
Image Enhancement Technology Based on Deep Trust Network Model in Clinical Treatment of Traumatology and Orthopedics
Authors: He Qiaomu , Chen Shenghao , Li Lei
Published: July 2021

Fractures have brought great pain to patients, and treatment requires a lot of time and yield slow results, which seriously affect the production and life of people. Fractures are mostly treated with traditional conservative treatment methods. For orthopedic trauma, image enhancement technology has gradually played an important role in the clinical treatment of orthopedic trauma and has become a kind of suffering. It has become a new treatment method that attracts people’s attention. In order to study the application of image enhancement technology based on the deep trust network model in the clinical treatment of trauma and orthopedics, this paper conducted a related survey of fracture patients in the city’s first hospital, reviewed relevant literature, and interviewed professionals, and we collected relevant material, constructed case templates, and created clinical research models using comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques. Studies have shown that the use of image enhancement techniques in the treatment of fractures has been successful, with healing efficiency approximately 20% faster than conservative treatment. In the clinical treatment of trauma and orthopedics, image enhancement technology can effectively reduce the incidence of complications in the prognosis of patients. Symptom Drop. This shows that the image enhancement technology of the deep trust network model can play an important role in the clinical treatment of trauma and orthopedics.
Knowledge of Safe Food Temperature among Restaurant Supervisors in Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Mohaithef Mohammed , Abidi Syed Taha , Javed Nargis Begum , Alruwaili Musaad , Abdelwahed Amal Yousef
Published: July 2021

Foodborne diseases are usually caused by consuming foods that are stored at an inappropriate temperature. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of safe food temperature control among restaurant supervisors of Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was carried out during January 2019 to May 2019. A close-ended questionnaire was used to assess knowledge and source of information about food temperature control from restaurant supervisors. The response rate of the study was 97 (80.8%). Demographic profile and knowledge scores of restaurant supervisors are reported as percentage. Chi-square test was used to compare group differences in knowledge.pvalue <0.05 was considered significant. Restaurant supervisors had good knowledge about safe temperature for cold food (93.8%) and storing food in the freezer (83.5%) and in the refrigerator (79.4%), while they had poor knowledge of safe temperature for hot food (14.4%) and the range of temperature in which bacteria grow rapidly (danger zone temperature) in food (15.5%). All restaurant supervisors reported food and environmental inspector as their main source of information about food temperature control. Restaurant supervisors’ education level and place of work showed a significant association with safe temperature for storing food in the refrigerator and the best method to check safe cooking temperature. The high percentage of lack in the knowledge of safe temperature control for hot foods and danger zone temperature among restaurant supervisors is of great concern for public health as it exposes the customers to foodborne illnesses. The study results emphasize on the necessity to conduct education and training programs for restaurant supervisors to improve the quality of food served to consumers and protect them from foodborne illnesses and food poisoning.
Evaluation of the Effects of Bromelain and Papain Enzymes on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Enamel
Authors: Sharafeddin Farahnaz , Yazdanpanah Mohammad Hossein , Jowkar Zahra
Published: July 2021

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 6% bromelain and 10% papain enzymes on shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to enamel compared to conventional 37% phosphoric acid etching. Materials and Methods. 50 human maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (G1–G5/n = 10). In G1 and G2, after etching enamel with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds and washing the surface, 10% papain and 6% bromelain enzymes were used, respectively. In G3 and G4, 6% bromelain or 10% papain enzymes were applied on enamel. In G5, the enamel surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds. A two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2) was applied. A nanohybrid composite (Z350) was placed using Teflon molds. All the samples were then subjected to the SBS test using a universal testing machine. Data analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA test followed by the Tukey test.pvalues less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results. Comparison of the mean SBS between G1, G2, and G5 shows no significant differences (p>0.05); however, they had higher mean SBS compared with G3 and G4 (p<0.0001). Conclusions. The shear bond strength of composite to enamel was not affected significantly using either 6% bromelain or 10% papain enzymes after 37% phosphoric acid application. Moreover, 6% bromelain and 10% papain enzymes were not as effective as 37% phosphoric acid alone.
[Retracted] The Conditioned Medium of Lactobacillus rhamnoides GG Regulates Microglia/Macrophage Polarization and Improves Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Lin Fangqi , Zhang Baokun , Shi Qiang , Liang Jiaming , Wang Xin , Lian Xiaofeng , Xu Jianguang
Published: July 2021

Lactobacillus rhamnoides, a human intestinal colonizer, can act through various pathways to induce microglia/macrophages to produce cytokines and to polarize microglia/macrophages to different phenotypes to reduce the inflammatory response. In this article, we evaluated the treatment potential of the Lactobacillus rhamnoides GG conditioned medium (LGG‐CM) in rat model with SCI (acute spinal cord injury), including functional, neurophysiological, and histological outcomes and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. In our experiment, LGG‐CM (30 mg/kg) was injected directly into the injury site in rats immediately after SCI. Measured by the BBB scale (Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale) and inclined plane test, rats in the LGG‐CM‐treated group showed better locomotor scores. Moreover, compared to the vehicle treatment group, LGG‐CM increased the mRNA level of the M2 marker (CD206), and decreased that of the M1 marker (iNOS). Western blot assays showed that LGG‐CM‐treated SCI rats had a higher grayscale ratio of p65 and a lower ratio of p‐IκBα/IκBα. Our study shows that local injection of LGG‐CM after acute SCI can inhibit inflammatory responses and improve motor function recovery. These effects may be related with the inhibition to the NF‐κB (The nuclear factor‐kappa B) signal pathway which leads to M2 microglia/macrophage polarization.
Calculation and Analysis of DC Magnetic Bias Current of Urban Main Transformer under the Action of Stray Current
Authors: Wu Weili , Chen Wenmei , Li Lei
Published: July 2021

The stray current generated by subway running into the ground makes the main transformer in the urban area in a direct current (DC) bias state. First, the mathematical model of the metro stray current field is established and the Galerkin finite element method is applied to calculate the model. Then, the dynamic model of the stray current-induced geoelectric field under different working conditions is established by using ANSYS software, and the three-dimensional numerical simulation study of the stray current-induced geoelectric field of the subway is carried out. Finally, taking the Urumqi subway in Xinjiang as an example, the stray current-induced geoelectric field is calculated and simulated, and the correctness of the model is verified by comparing with the measured data of DC magnetic bias in the urban substation. The research can provide useful reference for the calculation and treatment of DC bias of the main transformer in the urban area under the action of stray current.
Targeting Mitochondrial Biogenesis with Polyphenol Compounds
Authors: Chodari Leila , Dilsiz Aytemir Mutlu , Vahedi Parviz , Alipour Mahdieh , Vahed Sepideh Zununi , Khatibi Seyed Mahdi Hosseiniyan , Ahmadian Elham , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Eftekhari Aziz
Published: July 2021

Appropriate mitochondrial physiology is an essential for health and survival. Cells have developed unique mechanisms to adapt to stress circumstances and changes in metabolic demands, by meditating mitochondrial function and number. In this context, sufficient mitochondrial biogenesis is necessary for efficient cell function and haemostasis, which is dependent on the regulation of ATP generation and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These procedures play a primary role in the processes of inflammation, aging, cancer, metabolic diseases, and neurodegeneration. Polyphenols have been considered as the main components of plants, fruits, and natural extracts with proven therapeutic effects during the time. These components regulate the intracellular pathways of mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, the current review is aimed at representing an updated review which determines the effects of different natural polyphenol compounds from various plant kingdoms on modulating signaling pathways of mitochondrial biogenesis that could be a promising alternative for the treatment of several disorders.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Pleural Empyema in a Patient with Progressive Rheumatoid Arthritis and Immunosuppression
Authors: Tang Wesley , Liu Zi Yu , Abreu Charles
Published: July 2021

Fusobacterium nucleatum is an anaerobic oral commensal organism that is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory tract infections, and Lemierre’s syndrome. Rheumatoid arthritis is often associated with pleuropulmonary manifestations including noninfectious pleural effusions and interstitial lung disease. We present a case of a 47-year-old man with progressive rheumatoid arthritis on immunosuppressive therapy who was found to have a left-sided pleural effusion, thought secondary to possible pneumonia, and was treated with levofloxacin and methylprednisolone. He presented a month later and was found to have a large left-sided thick-walled fluid collection found to be an empyema. A chest tube was placed, and fluid culture grew Fusobacterium nucleatum. The patient was successfully treated with intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Labial Bone and Covering Soft Tissue in Maxillary Anterior Segment: A Dilemma in Orthodontics
Authors: Yousefzadeh Saeed , Johari Maryam , Sheikhzadeh Sedigheh , Haghanifar Sina , Gholinia Hemmat , Arbabzadegan Hashemi Nazanin
Published: July 2021

Purposes. The thickness of the buccal bone and its covering gingiva is pivotal in determining the prognosis of implant therapy as well as fixed orthodontic appliances, especially nonextraction treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccal bone thickness and covering soft tissue in the maxillary anterior segment. Methods. This study measured the hard tissue thickness at 2 and 5 mm more apical from the crest and at the root apical apex, as well as the distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest, using 80 CBCT images divided into three age groups. In addition, the distance from free gingiva to alveolar crest and from free gingiva to CEJ was measured. The acquired data then was analyzed using an ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation to investigate any associations or statistically significant differences between parameters. Results. The highest mean soft tissue thickness at the 5 mm level was for central incisors and the least for canine. The highest mean thickness of soft tissue at the crest level and its 2 mm apical level was related to central incisors and the lowest mean thickness at these levels was related to canine. Analysis of hard tissue variables showed the lower thickness of hard tissue at higher ages compared to the young patients group, but the thickness of the soft tissue increases with age. Conclusion. The highest mean thickness of the buccal hard tissue in the maxillary anterior segment was in lateral and central incisors. Also, the most prominent thickness of the labial soft tissue was in the central and lateral incisors at levels close to the crest.