bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Teamwork Matters More as Team Member Dispersion Increases*
Authors: Hoegl Martin , Ernst Holger , Proserpio Luigi
Published: February 2007

Product development teams become increasingly dispersed because innovative project tasks require the input of specialized knowledge at multiple locations. Prior analyses indicate that as team member dispersion increases teams find it more difficult to perform high‐quality teamwork. Moreover, the literature has largely assumed that the performance effect of teamwork in innovative projects would be driven by the nature of the project task and that this would be true regardless of the degree to which team members were co‐located. The present study argues, however, that teamwork affects team performance more strongly as team member dispersion increases. Two main reasons for this are discussed: (1) High‐quality teamwork can leverage the increased knowledge potential of dispersed teams; and (2) team leaders in more dispersed teams have little possibility to compensate low‐quality teamwork through hands‐on leadership. Responses from 575 managers, team leaders, and team members of 145 new product development (NPD) projects in the software industry were used to analyze the moderating effect of team member proximity on the relationship between teamwork quality and team performance. Using regression analysis, support is found for the initial hypothesis that team member dispersion moderates the relationship between teamwork quality and team performance, that is, that increasing team member dispersion increases the positive impact of teamwork quality on team performance. As such, the present analysis advances understanding of dispersed teams, showing that teamwork quality not only is more difficult to achieve but also is more critical to team performance as team dispersion increases. Furthermore, low‐proximity teams can reach higher levels of effectiveness and efficiency than co‐located ones if they manage to achieve high levels of teamwork over distance. Thus, team dispersion may well be an opportunity and should not just be regarded as a liability to be overcome or avoided. This research recognizes that the vast majority of teams are neither perfectly co‐located nor perfectly virtual. There are many shades of gray between these two extremes, and various individual, team, task, and contextual characteristics may have an effect on how decreases—however small—in geographical proximity affect the process and performance of teams. Future research is encouraged to address such factors at different levels of analysis aimed at providing managers with recommendations for dispersed teamwork.
Herbert Gans and the Politics of Urban Ethnography in the (Continued) Age of the Underclass
Authors: Young Alford A.
Published: February 2007

In his criticism of scholarly and public utilization of the term underclass, Herbert Gans helped to initiate new and more complex thinking about both the kinds of people that constitute America's most disenfranchised urban constituency and the ways in which more privileged Americans have striven to make sense of them. In forwarding his criticism of the term, Gans helped establish a template for ethnographic and qualitative explorations of America's urban poor that breaks with a rigid and vulgar social problems framing and, instead, invites more provocative and more accurate assessments of the agency of such people. In doing so, he has encouraged recent efforts to offer new framings of this population, which have facilitated new cultural projects in qualitative studies of the African American urban poor. This article briefly reviews Gans's criticism of the term underclass, and then elucidates how that criticism relates to some contemporary scholarly efforts to consider people who would be characterized as underclass as more complex cultural actors—and, indeed, who often are more complicated social beings—than is implied by the label underclass.
The Suburban Ghetto: The Legacy of Herbert Gans in Understanding the Experience of Poverty in Recently Impoverished American Suburbs
Authors: Murphy Alexandra K.
Published: February 2007

Reports based on data collected from the 2000 U.S. Census reveal a dramatic transformation in the landscape of poverty and inequality in the United States in the 1990s. U.S. central city areas have witnessed considerable decreases in rates of poverty while, at the same time, suburbs have experienced significant increases in rates of poverty. Indeed, the outcome of this shift has resulted in demographic trends, quality of life issues, economic and social outcomes, and signs of physical deterioration that we often associate with deteriorating inner cities now being found in a number of American suburbs. Beyond basic demographic information, however, little is known about daily life in these areas. This paper explores the conceptual, analytical, and methodological contributions of Herbert Gans, specifically, his ethnographic study of the suburban community Levittown, for the study of these changes. The paper reviews the literature on suburban poverty in order to identify the ways in which Gans's work contributes to future suburban scholarship as students of the suburb grapple with trying to understand and examine this transformation and the impact that this suburban change has had on the daily lives of the poor living in these recently turned poor suburbs.
Redrawing the Color Line?
Authors: Lee Jennifer , Bean Frank D.
Published: February 2007

In 1903, W.E.B. Du Bois prophesied that the “problem of the twentieth–century is the problem of the color line,” by which he meant the tenacious black–white divide that has long characterized the nature of race relations in the United States ([1903] 1997: 45). Nearly a century later, Herbert J. Gans speculated the traditional black–white fault line may soon be replaced by a black–nonblack divide that may be qualitatively different from the black–white divide, but is hardly new for blacks, who are likely to remain at the bottom of America's racial hierarchy. Taking into account the new racial and ethnic diversity of the United States brought about by contemporary immigration, we examine patterns of intermarriage and multiracial identification to assess where color lines are fading most rapidly and where they continue to endure. We adjudicate whether a black–white divide remains the most salient, whether a Hispanic–Anglo divide is imminent, or whether a black–nonblack fault line is emerging, as Gans forecasts.
Community–Led Social Venture Creation
Authors: Haugh Helen
Published: February 2007

The addition of new enterprises to the economy has long been considered essential to economic growth. The process of venture creation in the private sector has been heavily researched and frequently modeled, although few models explain the process of nonprofit enterprise creation.

Nonprofit social ventures pursue economic, social, or environmental aims, generating at least part of their income from trading. They fill market gaps between private enterprise and public sector provision, and, increasingly, policy makers consider them to be valuable agents in social, economic, and environmental regeneration and renewal. This article presents findings from a qualitative study of the inception of five community–led nonprofit social ventures, producing a model of the stages of venture creation: (1) opportunity identification, (2) idea articulation, (3) idea ownership, (4) stakeholder mobilization, (5) opportunity exploitation, and (6) stakeholder reflection. A formal support network and a tailor–made support network are also part of the model, contributing resources to the new venture and assisting progression through the stages.

The model highlights the resource acquisition and network creation that precede formal venture creation. In the nonprofit sector, these activities are undertaken by volunteers who do not have a controlling interest in the new venture. For practitioners, the model identifies critical stages in the process of community–led social venture creation and two areas where assistance is most needed: pre–venture business support and postcreating effective networks.
Strategic Use of Corporate Venturing
Authors: Covin Jeffrey G. , Miles Morgan P.
Published: February 2007

Corporate venturing (CV) is said to be most productive as a path to superior corporate performance when practiced in a strategic manner. Unfortunately, considerable ambiguity exists concerning what it means in an organizational practice sense to strategically pursue CV. The result is a failure of many companies to fully leverage CV for strategic purposes. Based on a review of the CV literature and findings from a field study of 15 Swedish, U.K., and U.S. corporations, this article describes several models that depict the ways in which CV and business strategy coexist as organizational phenomena. Empirically derived propositions are offered to suggest how some companies are strategically engaged in their CV efforts.
Service Content and the Internationalization of Young Ventures: An Empirical Test
Authors: Cloninger Peggy A. , Oviatt Benjamin
Published: February 2007

Young ventures are becoming increasingly sophisticated about internationalizing their firms. However, this article suggests that young ventures may be overlooking the influence of service content on internationalization. This research argues and tests the proposal that service content is a critical variable influencing both the propensity of young ventures to internationalize and their location decisions. Employing a sample of 190 U.S.–based firms, this study measures the service content characterizing a venture's output, and found (1) the service content of the outputs of international young ventures is significantly different than the service content of domestic young ventures; and (2) the service content of the outputs of international young ventures is significantly different in different overseas locations.
The Governance Paradox: Preferences of Small Vulnerable Firms in the Homebuilding Industry
Authors: Dewald James R. , Hall Jeremy , Chrisman James J. , Kellermanns Franz W.
Published: February 2007

This article explores the variables that drive small firms to choose quasi–integration as an alternative to vertical integration in situations of high asset frequency. Drawing on transaction cost theory and institutional approaches, we develop and test several hypotheses regarding quasi–integration among homebuilders and land developers in a major Canadian city. Our focus is on the preferences of small, vulnerable firms operating in an environment where quasi–integration has been institutionalized as a trusted form of governance. The findings indicate that the preference for quasi–integration is driven by asset specificity, bargaining power, and opportunistic expectations, supporting a paradoxical view that small, vulnerable firms pursue both efficiency and institutional legitimacy in making governance choices regarding large dominant suppliers.
The Fraud Investigation Detective Agency
Authors: Lockwood Frank S.
Published: February 2007

The Fraud Investigation Detective Agency presents the problems faced by Ken and Barbara Wilson as they established their new business and, after achieving an initial success, the issues that the Wilsons faced as they attempted to expand the business. This case deals with the importance of creating competitive advantages as a strategy in starting a new venture. The case continues as the owners recognize the effects of their competitive advantages on the successful launch of the company. Finally, the case deals with strategies to expand market share by utilizing these competitive advantages. Financial data from the actual company are included.
Impedance and Temperature Monitoring Improve the Safety of Closed‐Loop Irrigated‐Tip Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: THIAGALINGAM ARAVINDA , D'AVILA ANDRE , McPHERSON CHRISTINA , MALCHANO ZACHARY , RUSKIN JEREMY , REDDY VIVEK Y.
Published: February 2007

Introduction: Irrigated‐tip catheter ablation allows larger ablation lesions to be created, but also decreases catheter temperature monitoring accuracy. It is unclear which parameters should be monitored to optimize efficacy and safety during irrigated‐tip ablation.

Methods and Results: Freshly excised hearts from eight male pigs were perfused and superfused using oxygenated swine blood in an ex vivo model. Ablations were performed for 1 minute using one of five different ablation protocols: (1) Temperature Control (42°C 40 W), (2) Fixed Power 20 W, (3) Fixed Power 30 W, (4) Impedance Control (target 10 Ω impedance drop), and (5) Impedance Control (target 20 Ω drop). All ablations were performed with a perpendicular orientation of the catheter to the endocardial surface. Ablation lesions depth was significantly lower in the temperature control group (5.0 ± 1.7 mm) compared with the fixed power ablation groups (6.5 ± 1.0 mm for Power 20 W, 6.6 ± 1.2 mm for Power 30 W). Impedance‐controlled ablation created lesions intermediate in depth between fixed power and temperature controlled (6.0 ± 1.6 for Impedance 10 Ω and 6.2 ± 1.4 mm for Impedance 20 Ω groups). There was a significantly greater incidence of pops and thrombus formation in the Power 20 W (9/14), Power 30 W (10/14), and Impedance 20 Ω (10/16) groups than the Temperature Control (1/16) and Impedance control 10 Ω (2/16) groups.

Conclusion: Temperature control improved the safety profile during irrigated‐tip ablation in comparison with fixed‐power ablations, but resulted in significantly smaller lesions. Impedance‐controlled ablation lesions (target 10 Ω drop) created lesions of comparable size to fixed‐power ablations with a significantly better safety profile.
Camel hunting or camel raiding?
Authors: Macdonald M.C.A.
Published: February 2007

Recently, several depictions of camels pursued by horsemen with spears have been interpreted as hunting scenes. References to ethnographic descriptions of bedouin life in the 19th and early 20th centuries suggest these may in fact be scenes of raiding rather than hunting.
Some medieval Yemenite numismatic problems – observations on some recently sold coins
Authors: SMITH G. REX
Published: February 2007

The article addresses some of the problems arising from the publication of a recent numismatic catalogue including coins from all parts of the Islamic world. The problems concern in particular the coins of the medieval Yemen and the article comprises a critique of those coins listed under the Arabian peninsula and the Yemen.

Catalogue nos. 101 and 104 are dealt with in some detail since they are erroneously ascribed to mints in Mecca and Minā, respectively. The former is struck in the name of a Zaydī imam, the latter is Rasulid and labelled as having been struck “for a special occasion”. The intriguing question of the mysterious Ayyubid prince, al‐'Ādil Abū Bakr, arises too (nos. 125 etc.), although no definitive answer can yet be suggested. Much more information is now available on the striking of coins in Tha'bāt during Rasulid times. A number of other points bearing on the numismatics, the history, and the geography of the medieval Yemen are discussed in the article.
The Rasulid Sultan al‐Malik al‐Man⋅ūr and the mint of Mabyan
Authors: PORTER VENETIA
Published: February 2007

The coinage of the first Rasulid sultan of the Yemen, al‐Malik al‐Mansūr, is discussed, with special attention to the production of his mint at Mabyan during the early years of his reign.
Dilmun revisited*
Authors: MACADAM HENRY INNES
Published: February 2007

(For T. R. S. Broughton on his 90th birthday)

In 1983 an important international conference on Bahrain was held, and a wide array of topics ranging from prehistory to World War II were presented by scholars from all over the world. Three years later a volume entitled Bahrain through the Ages: the Archaeology was published containing papers about the archaeology and pre‐Islamic history of Bahrain. The present contribution is a review of that publication, giving a synthesis of the conference proceedings.
Les pointes de flèches en fer des sites préislamiques de Mleiha et ed‐Dur, E.A.U.
Authors: MOUTON MICHEL
Published: February 2007

Recent excavations at Mleiha in the Emirate of Shajah and ed‐Dur in the Emirate of Umm al‐Qaiwain (U.A.E.) have yielded a sizable body of iron arrowheads dating from the last centuries BC and the first centuries AD. The present article is a typological and chronological analysis of this material.
Tayma and the Assyrian empire
Authors: POTTS D.T.
Published: February 2007

Among the objects recovered at Tayma in 1884 by J. Euting and C. Huber was a small fragment of a stone relief. Overshadowed by the more impressive “Tayma stone” and by the inscriptions found on the site, this small fragment remained unaccessioned in the Louvre until 1986, although a drawing of it had been published as early as 1887. The present paper discusses the piece, suggesting that it shows affinities to Neo‐Assyrian art. The wider implications of this attribution for our perception of Tayma in the Neo‐Assyrian period are briefly sketched.
Pre‐Alexandrine Phoenician staters from northeastern Arabia
Authors: POTTS D.T.
Published: February 2007

Five Phoenician staters from northeastern Saudi Arabia, four of them previously unpublished, are presented and discussed. The potential significance of Phoenician material in this region is treated briefly.
Note on an Ubaid‐pottery site in the Emirate of Umm al‐Qaiwain
Authors: BOUCHARLAT R. , HAERINCK E. , PHILLIPS C. S. , POTTS D. T.
Published: February 2007

This short note concerns a small shell concentration in the emirate of Umm al‐Qaiwain, U.A.E., where chipped stone and pottery of Mesopotamian Ubaid type has been found. The site and finds are described and their place within the broader context of Ubaid pottery sites in the Gulf region is briefly discussed.
Comments on the lithic material from an 'Ubaid site in the Emirate of Ajman (U.A.E.)
Authors: MILLET M.
Published: February 2007

This short note concerns a selection made by E. Haerinck of a few pieces among the lithic artefacts found on the surface of the site reported on in the preceding article (p. 84).
L'église d'al‐Qousour Failaka, État de Koweit
Authors: BERNARD VINCENT , CALLOT OLIVIER , SALLES JEAN‐FRANÇOIS
Published: February 2007

In 1989 a French team conducted excavations at the site of al‐Qousour on the island of Failaka, State of Kuwait. The excavations resulted in the discovery of a Christian church complete with two crosses made out of stucco. The building and its contents are described, and a preliminary attempt is made at determining the period of Failaka's evangelisation and of the flourishing of Christianity there.
Continuity and disruption in the ancient Hejaz: an assessment of current archaeological strategies
Authors: Bawden G.
Published: February 2007

In this study I review two conflicting scenaria of the history of northwestern Arabia from approximately 1300 to 200 BC and discuss their theoretical and methodological determinants. The still sparse archaeological and historic information on this topic has been used in two quite different ways. On one hand there is the traditional culture historical approach which subordines all social interpretation to the precise strictures of an interrupted ceramic typology, on the other a recent attempt to interpret archaeological and textual data within the theoretical framework of a long‐term historical model that integrates the Hejaz into the broader Near Eastern world system. I argue that these two approaches reflect fundamentally different approaches to the study of ancient society and that each incorporates a conceptual approach that necessarily determines its interpretational outcome. Furthermore I conclude that use of an inclusive theoretical model permits better integration of the growing archaeological and textual information bases and obviates much of the inconsistency and interpretational naivity that unavoidably derives from the culture historica approach.
North Arabian epigraphic notes — I
Authors: MACDONALD M. C. A.
Published: February 2007

This is the first in an occasional series of articles which will run parallel to my series “North Arabian inscriptions and drawings”, which also appears in this journal (1).
New archaeological and epigraphical material from Qana (South Arabia)
Authors: SEDOV A.V.
Published: February 2007

Excavations at Qana, the ancient port of the Hadramawt on the Indian Ocean, have been carried out systematically by a Soviet‐Yemeni Expedition since 1985. Several houses, a storeroom, and probably a religious building have been excavated in the “Lower City”. A rich collection of archaeological material has been obtained, including several hundred bronze coins; painted and inscribed fragments of texts in Greek datable to the fourth century AD; African and Mediterranean pottery. For the first time it is possible to reconstruct the history of a large South Arabian port belonging to the kingdom of Hadramawt. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that Qana existed until the beginning of the Islamic era.
Four “Iron Age” stamp seals from Qarn bint Sa'ud (Abu Dhabi Emirate – U A.E.)
Authors: STEVENS K. GUY
Published: February 2007

In this brief contribution, attention is drawn to four stamp seals which were picked up in the late 1980's from the sand dunes covering the so‐called and still unexcavated “Iron Age settlement” of Qarn bint Sa'ud in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi.
Rare Himyaritic coins from Hadramawt
Authors: SEDOV A.V , AYDRŪS M. OMAR
Published: February 2007

Three rare Himyaritic coins found in the territory of the ancient Hadramawt kingdom are published for the first time. Two of the coins bear the name of the king,‘Amdan Bayyin, while the third has the name of Tha'ran Ya'ub.
Excavations at ed‐Dur (Umm al‐Qaiwain, U.A.E.) – preliminary report on the fourth Belgian season (1990)
Authors: HAERINCK E.
Published: February 2007

The results of six weeks’research in 1990 by a Belgian team from Gent University at ed‐Dur, in the Emirate of Umm al‐Qaiwain, are presented. Research concentrated on the central part of the site, where the excavation of a large, undisturbed, semi‐subterranean tomb with a barrel‐vault and enclosure (area AV) was continued. The tomb contained a variety of glass and bronze vessels, bone plaques, iron weapons and numerous small finds. Work was also done in the southern part of the site, where several new areas were opened. A nicely built, circular, stone‐lined well was found along with graves and other structures.
Archaeobotanical evidence for early Dilmun diet at Saar, Bahrain
Authors: NESBITT MARK
Published: February 2007

A flotation machine was used to process large quantities of earth at the Saar excavation in the 1990 and 1991 seasons. Carbonised seeds and charcoal were recovered from a wide range of contexts dating to about 1900 BC. While overall quantities were low, enough contexts were productive to allow quantification. Date stones were the most frequent crop remains, with smaller amounts of free‐threshing wheat and hulled six‐row barley. This confirms evidence from other sources (textual, dental) for the importance of dates as a staple food in the Early Dilmun period. A survey of ethnographic and archaeological evidence for date husbandry in Bahrain suggests that the date‐palms and cereals were grown in irrigated date gardens similar to those found today.
Hegra before the Nabataeans
Authors: POTTS D. T.
Published: February 2007

In 1965 a unique stamp seal was discovered on the surface of Madain Salih in what is now northwestern Saudi Arabia. The rarity of glyptic finds from this part of Arabia adds importance to this piece, even if its style and iconography remain difficult to attribute to a known tradition of seal‐using in the Near East.
Excavations at ed‐Dur (Umm al‐Qaiwain, U.A.E.) ‐ preliminary report on the fifth Belgian season (1991)
Authors: HAERINCK E.
Published: February 2007

The results of six weeks’research in 1991 by a Belgian team from Gent University, at ed‐Dur, in the Emirate of Umm al‐Qaiwain, are presented. Several new areas were opened which provide additional information on burial practices. Some structures built of mudbricks were excavated and a variety of small finds add further to the already elaborate corpus.
A radiocarbon chronology for the aceramic shell‐middens of coastal Oman
Authors: BIAGI PAOLO
Published: February 2007

Our knowledge of the prehistory of coastal Oman has greatly increased during the last ten years. This article considers the radiocarbon chronology of the aceramic shell‐middens scattered along the coast between Muscat, to the north, and Shuwayr, to the south. The appearance of these middens seems to correspond to the climatic deterioration that, according to more recent results, took place around the middle of the seventh millennium BP. The number of sites seems to have increased since the beginning of the actual arid phase, around 6000 BP.
Nestorian Crosses from Jabal Berri
Authors: POTTS D. T.
Published: February 2007

Two small crosses, one of bronze and the other of mother‐of‐pearl, from the surface of a site near Jabal Berri in northeastern Saudi Arabia are presented. They are attributed to the Nestorian community of Bet Qatraye which is known from literary sources to have flourished during the Sasanian period.
On the chronology of the South Arabian martyrdoms
Authors: SHAHÎD IRFAN
Published: February 2007

In a persuasive article (AAE 1: 1990: 110–128), F. de Blois has argued for A.D. 523 as the year of the South Arabian martyrdoms. There are a few errors in this otherwise sober and balanced article, which I have pointed out in this short communication in the hope that they will be eliminated in future discussions of this problem.
More prehistoric finds from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: HAERINCK E.
Published: February 2007

On‐going surveys in the UAE are providing additional prehistoric material, such as painted Ubaid‐sherds and flints. Some new material from sites in the Emirate of Ajman and Umm al‐Qaiwain is presented.
Contributions to the agrarian history of Eastern Arabia I. Implements and cultivation techniques
Authors: POTTS D.T.
Published: February 2007

This paper focuses on early agricultural implements in eastern Arabia, examining four hoe blades and an ard share ranging in date from mid‐2nd millennium B.C. through the Seleucid or Parthian period. These objects are considered in light of more recent ethnohistoric evidence pertaining to garden cultivation by hand and the plough in the region.
The Lady Dicamat and friends from Wadi Beihan, S. Arabia
Authors: KITCHEN K. A.
Published: February 2007

Three Qatabanian pieces are described: a fragment of a statue‐base (private collection), with a rare feminine name; a male statuette, fully published only now (with corrections); and a female head — the last two items being in Liverpool Museum.
Excavations at ed‐Dur (Umm al‐Qaiwain, U.A.E.) — Preliminary report on the sixth Belgian season (1992)
Authors: HAERINCK E.
Published: February 2007

The results of six weeks’research in 1992 by a Belgian team from Gent University at ed‐Dur in the Emirate of Umm al‐Qaiwain are presented. The excavations concentrated on the areas BQ and BR, where a total of almost 2700 m2 were excavated. Both areas contained mostly graves, all plundered, however, except for some plain earth‐burials. These large exposures provided a vast amount of various objects and pottery and gave further information on burial practices of the 1st cent. A.D. in southeastern Arabia.
Oman and the Emirates in Ptolemy's map
Authors: GROOM NIGEL
Published: February 2007

Ptolemy's mapping of south‐east Arabia is examined in the light of the stories of the Azd migrations to Oman and of related archaeological discoveries over the last few years. Some new interpretations of the map are proposed. The possible significance of al‐Šisar is discussed in relation to the recent claim, which is disputed, that it was Ptolemy's‘Omanum Emporium’.
Charcoal from an Early Dilmun settlement at Saar, Bahrain
Authors: GALE ROWENA
Published: February 2007

The identification of charcoal fragments dating to circa 1900 BC indicates that fuel wood was predominantly date (Phoenix dactylifera) supplemented by small native shrubs and a member of the Rhizophoreae (mangroves unlikely to have been growing in the region and possibly representing an imported timber). A narrower range of species was used compared to other sites excavated in adjacent regions in the Arabian Gulf. Other woody species (including Zygophyllum qatarense and sidr (Ziziphus)) that are common nowadays in Bahrain do not appear to have been used.
Familienanalyse in kupferzeitlichen Kollektivgräbern aus Umm an‐Nar; Abu Dhabi
Authors: ALT K. W. , VACH W. , FRIFELT K. , KUNTER M.
Published: February 2007

Skeletal material from three collective burials from the island of Umm an‐Nar (Arabian peninsula) dating to the 3rd millennium B.C. was submitted to a kinship analysis with the aid of a set of genetically determined odontologic traits. The analysis yielded the following results: a) phenotype and frequency of odontological traits in the skeletal sample suggest a relatively homogeneous population; and b) there are distinct indications for genetically determined relationships within the individual burial mounds. In spite of the poor state of preservation of the skeletons, the analysis permitted conclusions about the social structure of the local population.
An cUbaid site in the Emirate of Sharjah (U.A.E.)
Authors: JASIM SABAH A.
Published: February 2007

This article reports on the excavations of a coastal site in Sharjah dating to the 5th millennium BC at which examples of painted cUbaid pottery, probably of Mesopotamian origin, were found.
The Aramaic pantheon of Taymā'
Authors: MARAQTEN MOHAMMED
Published: February 2007

This article discusses the origin of three Semitic deities which are attested in the Aramaic inscriptions in the North Arabian city of Tayma'. These are Salm, Sangila and Ašīmā. Together they comprise the pantheon of Taymā'. The etymology, identity and the attestation of these deities in Aramaic and other sources are investigated. After studying these three deities within their Semitic background, this paper suggests that these deities, which had been adopted by Arabs in Taymā', are of Aramaic origin and were introduced to North Arabia from North Syria.
Al‐Guraf in the Wâdî 'Idim
Authors: SEDOV A.V. , As‐SAQQAF A.
Published: February 2007

This is the second article in a series of publications on the pre‐Islamic sites in Wâdî Hadramawt investigated by the Russian (former Soviet‐Yemeni Joint) Expedition in 1983–1994. Some of the objects from the 1981 Yemeni excavations at al‐Guraf, as well as two decorative stone slabs found there subsequently, are published here for the first time.
Saba and the beginning of epigraphic documentation of the Jawf
Authors: AVANZINI ALESSANDRA
Published: February 2007

The epigraphical documentation of Nashshān gives us some interesting data about the linguistic and cultural relationships between Saba and the other kingdoms at the beginning of South Arabian history.
A late pre‐Islamic burial at al‐Khatt, U.A.E.
Authors: DE CARDI BEATRICE
Published: February 2007

Gravegoods comprising local and imported pottery together with iron arrowheads were ‘rescued’from a burial at al‐Khatt, U.A.E., in 1993. Their relation to the chronology established at Mleiha suggests that they date from the late 3rd to early 2nd centuries BC, a period as yet little known in the Emirate of Ras al‐Khaimah.
A ‘Hut pot’in the National Museum, Bahrain
Authors: CRAWFORD HARRIET , SINDI KHALID AL
Published: February 2007

This note presents a fine softstone vessel which has not previously been fully published. Its findspot supports the recent suggestion that such pots continued to be manufactured until the end of the third millennium.
Attempting to Identify Activities in the Past: Preliminary Investigations of the Third Millennium BC Population at Tell Abraq
Authors: BLAU S.
Published: February 2007

This paper reviews attempts by osteologists to identify activities in the past through examination of particular alterations to skeletal remains. Following an outline of the history of interest in occupational pathology, the physiology of bone is briefly summarised in order better to understand the potential of investigating occupation in the past. A history of archaeological research and interpretations in this field is then provided, followed by a discussion of a particular case study in which the human skeletal remains and material culture from the site of Tell Abraq were examined by the author in an attempt to identify bone alterations which may be attributed to certain activities.
Excavations at Muweilah. Preliminary Report on the First Two Seasons
Authors: MAGEE PETER
Published: February 2007

Two seasons of excavation have been completed at the site of Muweilah in the United Arab Emirates. The excavation is prompted by a desire to examine the manner in which humans inhabited arid regions in the past. The project seeks to understand the subsistence practices at this site within the broader context of settlement patterns in late prehistoric southeastern Arabia and to examine some of the biases and prior assumptions concerning human occupation of environments which are often considered hostile and marginal. The results obtained in the first two seasons of excavations are presented below and they indicate that a positive contribution will be made towards achieving these objectives.
Monuments of the Wādī al‐'Ayn.
Authors: SEDOV A. V.
Published: February 2007

The third article in a series of publications on the pre‐Islamic sites in the Wādī Hadramawt investigated by the Russian (former Soviet) archaeological expedition to the Republic of Yemen is devoted to the previously‐unknown monuments in the Wādī al‐’Ayn, one of the western tributaries of the Wādī Hadramawt. It contains the detailed description of the sites, sketch maps of the monuments and the publication of some artefacts collected.
Geography and Human Settlements in Ancient Southern Arabia
Authors: BRUNNER UELI
Published: February 2007

The use of remote sensing in archaeological research leads to a better understanding of the geography of ancient and modern South Arabia. The five main regions are discussed in relation to the conditions for settlement and farming. A case study from the heartland of the Kingdom of Awsān indicates in the lower part of Wādī Marha beginning of irrigation in the second half of the third millenium and an end already in the first half of the first millenium BC. The huge tell of Haǧar Yahirr seems to have been destroyed at the same time, whereas in the upper part of the wadi irrigation and settlements continue till the first centuries AD. On aerial pictures a dozen ancient settlements could be detected and located. Consequently, it may be suggested that Haǧar Yahirr is the site of the capital city of Awsān. The capitals of the ancient South Arabian kingdoms were all located along the most frequented camel route, the incense road. A comparison of the climatic conditions and the irrigation agriculture of Arabia Felix and the Fertile Crescent shows the difficulties of the transfer of know‐how between these two fertile and rich regions on the Arabian Peninsula.
Alabaster Beehive‐Shaped Vessels from the Arabian Peninsula: Interpretations from a Comparative Study of Characteristics, Contexts and Associated Finds
Authors: HASSELL JONATHAN
Published: February 2007

This paper catalogues seventy‐two vessels of one typologically distinct‘beehive‐shaped’form commonly found on sites in the Arabian peninsula. It shows that they are dated principally from the third century BC to the first century AD and are predominantly from burials. The majority have been found in southwest Arabia which is most probably their area of origin and many can be traced back to the Royal Tombs of‘Awsan in Wadi Markha. Of interest are a pair of almost identical‘double’vessels from Thaj and Mleiha in eastern Arabia and a group of‘large’vessels indicating a temple context. From a study of their characteristics and contexts conclusions indicate that the original contents were tightly enclosed, of a dry or stain‐free nature and that they were highly prized. The evidence together with some written sources give clues as to what these receptacles may have contained.
Two Seasons At Hajar Am‐Dhaybiyya, Yemen
Authors: BRETON JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , McMAHON AUGUSTA M. , WARBURTON DAVID A
Published: February 2007

In 1984 a Franco‐Yemeni Mission excavating a part of the necropolis of Hajar am‐Dhaybiyya (Governate of Shabwa, Yemen), unearthed several tombs with a rich inventory. The high quality of silver craftmanship of these objects suggested that the Wâdî Dura’was potentially interesting. Some years later a Franco‐American expedition, directed both by J.‐F. Breton and D.W. Warburton, started a trench on the mound of Hajar am‐Dhaybiyya. A 40 metre‐long trench was opened during the first two seasons (1992 and 1993) which revealed an architectural sequence of four main levels. Level IV was dominated by a large‘Maison principale’connected with a stone Glacis, dated to the first centuries AD. Level V showed‘maisons basses’and earlier structures. For the first time in this area, the trench shows definitively that the principal buildings of the settlement form a nearly continuous defensive line crowning the top of the tell, and that it follows an earlier line.
New Evidence of the Initial Appearance of Iron in Southeastern Arabia
Authors: MAGEE PETER
Published: February 2007

The third season of excavations at Muweilah in the United Arab Emirates has revealed new evidence of the initial use of iron in southeastern Arabia. The evidence is contextualised within existing evidence of iron use in this region and some tentative interpretations of the importance of the find are presented.
The earliest Sabaeans in the Jawf: A reconsideration
Authors: KOROTAYEV ANDREY
Published: February 2007

It appears that not all the Jawf was originally‘Madhabian’and its territory included at least one Sabaean enclave at the very beginning of the Sayhadian civilisation. The site of Abu Thawr (MNHYTm) may well have been the centre of the other such enclave. MNHYTm situated in the centre of the earliest Sabaean settlements might have even performed the functions of‘the second Sabaean capital’in the second half of the eighth century BC.
Des feux sacrificiels pour la divinityé solaire à ed‐Dur
Authors: HAERINCK E. , VRYDAGHS L. , DOUTRELEPONT H.
Published: February 2007

Phytoliths have been identifed in a sample taken from a large black lens of burned sand located in front of the main entrance of a temple at ed‐Dur (Umm al‐Qaiwain, United Arab Emirates). Comparisons with a reference collection allow the identification of the sample with Phoenix dactylifera L., the date palm. Attention is also drawn to the interpretation and symbolism of the date palm in southeastern Arabia during the late pre‐Islamic era.
Some issues in the study of the pre‐Islamic weaponry of southeastern Arabia
Authors: POTTS D. T.
Published: February 2007

‘it is not fine raiment or stores of gold, silver and gems that bend our enemies to respect or support us; they are kept down solely by fear of our arms’(Vegetius, 1.13) (1).
The ‘folded flan’ coinage of eastern Arabia: Some preliminary comments
Authors: HUTH MARTIN
Published: February 2007

In recent years a small number of peculiar coins has emerged from the southern shores of the Persian/Arabian Gulf imitating Athenian tetradrachms of the old style and sharing the oddity of being struck on a flan that had been folded before striking. This paper contains an overview of the pieces known so far and attempts to present some preliminary conclusions, while still awaiting a comprehensive study of this and related ancient coinages of the Arabian peninsula.
Treatment of oral submucous fibrosis by collagenase: effects on oral opening and eating function
Authors: Lin H‐J , Lin J‐C
Published: February 2007

Objective:  Patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) suffer from the limitation of the oral opening. The aim of this study was to develop a simple and rapid method to improve the opening of the oral cavity and determine its effect on the incidence of developing oral carcinoma.

Methods:  We first induced an OSF‐like lesion in rabbits which histopathologically resembles OSF in betel nut chewers and evaluated the effects of exogenous collagenase on these lesions. We then applied the collagenase treatment regimen to patients with OSF.

Results:  Endogenous collagenase activities in normal oral mucosa of patients exhibited 3‐ to 5‐fold higher levels than that of OSF tissues. The collagenase treatment not only resulted in a significant improvement of oral opening, but patients also experienced a striking reduction in hypersensitivity to spices, sour, cold, and heat which helped restore eating function. Sub‐mucosal fibrous proliferation, persistently good vascularization, and a mild increase in thickness of the sub‐mucosal fibrous tissues were noticed 10 months after collagenase treatment. Within the 2‐year follow‐up period none of the treated patients developed an oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion:  A reduced content of functional collagenase observed in OSF mucosa of patients might be one mechanism responsible for collagen accumulation. Intervention of OSF by collagenase treatment at the early stage may reduce the incidence of developing oral carcinoma.
How low do we go? Is duration of a ‘high’ integral to the definition of bipolar disorder?
Authors: Tully Lucy , Parker Gordon
Published: February 2007

Objective:

There has been considerable debate about the diagnostic rules for bipolar II disorder, particularly the 4-day duration criteria for hypomanic episodes. This study examined whether highs lasting minutes or hours differed from longer highs in terms of clinical features and symptom severity. It also examined whether duration of highs predicted bipolar disorder being diagnosed.

Method:

A total of 518 subjects with significant episodes of depression and ‘highs’ completed a web-based self-report questionnaire. Those who reported their longest highs lasting minutes or hours were compared with those who reported longer durations of highs on a range of clinical variables and measures of symptom severity.

Results:

Subjects whose highs lasted minutes or hours reported clinical features and severity of symptoms similar to those whose highs lasted 3–7 days. However, the odds of being diagnosed with bipolar disorder for those with highs lasting 3–7 days were almost three times higher than for those whose highs lasted minutes or hours.

Conclusion:

The 4-day DSM-IV minimum-duration criteria for hypomania may lead to failure to diagnose subjects with brief highs who have true bipolar disorder and thus should be reconsidered.
WD‐repeat‐propeller‐FYVE protein, ProF, binds VAMP2 and protein kinase Cζ
Authors: Fritzius Thorsten , Frey Alexander D. , Schweneker Marc , Mayer Daniel , Moelling Karin
Published: February 2007

We have recently identified a protein, consisting of seven WD repeats, presumably forming a β‐propeller, and a domain identified in Fab1p, YOTB, VAC1p, and EEA1 (FYVE) domain, ProF. The FYVE domain targets the protein to vesicular membranes, while the WD repeats allow binding of the activated kinases Akt and protein kinase (PK)Cζ. Here, we describe the vesicle‐associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) as interaction partner of ProF. The interaction is demonstrated with overexpressed and endogenous proteins in mammalian cells. ProF and VAMP2 partially colocalize on vesicular structures with PKCζ and the proteins form a ternary complex. VAMP2 can be phosphorylated by activated PKCζin vitro and the presence of ProF increases the PKCζ‐dependent phosphorylation of VAMP2 in vitro. ProF is an adaptor protein that brings together a kinase with its substrate. VAMP2 is known to regulate docking and fusion of vesicles and to play a role in targeting vesicles to the plasma membrane. The complex may be involved in vesicle cycling in various secretory pathways.
Conduct of Multisite Clinical Studies by Professional Organizations
Authors: Vessey Judith A. , Broome Marion E. , Carlson Karen
Published: February 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Professional organizations are embracing collaborative multisite research and research utilization projects. This report describes the strategies undertaken and lessons learned from SPN's first multisite study.

CONCLUSIONS. Infrastructure concerns (e.g., vision, communication, dissemination of results, resources, and human rights protections) and methodological issues specific to multisite research must be addressed to ensure a successful study.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Multisite studies are an effective mechanism for more rapidly advancing nursing theory and evidence‐based nursing practice.
Intrathecal Baclofen for the Treatment of Spasticity of Cerebral Origin
Authors: Disabato Jennifer , Ritchie Anne , McDowell Betsy M.
Published: February 2007

Ask the Expert provides research‐based answers to practice questions submitted by JSPN readers.
Descriptive Statistics, Part I: Level of Measurement
Authors: McHugh Mary L. , Villarruel Antonia M.
Published: February 2007

Scientific Inquiry provides a forum to facilitate the ongoing process of questioning and evaluating practice, presents informed practice based on available data, and innovates new practices through research and experimental learning.
X-ray pulsar radiation from polar caps heated by back-flow bombardment
Authors: Gil J. , Melikidze G. , Zhang B.
Published: February 2007

We consider the problem of the thermal X-ray radiation from the hot polar caps of radio pulsars that show evidence of E×B subpulse drift in radio band. In our recent Paper I, using the partially screened gap (PSG) model of inner acceleration region we derived a simple relationship between the drift rate of subpulses observed in a radio-band and the thermal X-ray luminosity from polar caps heated by the back-flow particle bombardment. This relationship can be tested for pulsars in which the so-called carousel rotation time P4, reflecting the E×B plasma drift, and the thermal X-ray luminosity Lx from the hot polar cap are known. To test the model we used only two available pulsars: PSRs B0943+10 and B1133+16. They both satisfied the model prediction, although due to low photon statistics the thermal component could not be firmly identified from the X-ray data. Nevertheless, these pulsars were at least consistent with PSG pulsar model.

In this Letter we consider two more pulsars: PSRs B0656+14 and B0628−28, the data for which have recently become available. In PSR B0656+14 the thermal radiation from the hot polar cap was clearly detected, and PSR B0628−28 also seems to have such a component.

In all cases for which both P4 and Lx are presently known, the PSG pulsar model seems to be fully confirmed. Other available models of inner acceleration region fail to explain the observed relationship between radio and X-ray data. The pure vacuum gap model predicts too high Lx and too low P4, while the space charge limited model predicts too low Lx and the origin of the subpulse drift has no natural explanation.
Reduction of the gravitational lens equation to a one-dimensional non-linear form for the tilted Plummer model family
Authors: Frutos-Alfaro Francisco
Published: February 2007

The gravitational lens equation for the tilted Plummer family of models can be reduced to a one-dimensional non-linear equation. For certain values of the slope of the radial profile it can be reduced to a polynomial form. Both forms are advantageous to find the roots, i.e. the images for a given model. The critical curve equations can also be reduced to a non-linear or polynomial form, and therefore it is useful to find the caustics. This lens model family has ample use in gravitational lens theory, and can produce up to five images.