bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buddhism in Latin America
Authors: Usarski Frank
Published: March 2021

The study of Buddhism in Latin America, which had been lacking in other Western countries, has improved considerably in the last two decades. The main reason for the initial lack of attention is the numerically modest presence of Buddhists in the region. Buddhists are greatly outnumbered by members of the Catholic church and evangelical denominations, and there is a disproportionate focus by Latin American scholars who privilege topics related to Catholicism and Pentecostalism and tend to dismiss “marginal” religions including Buddhism. Furthermore, European and North American scholars of religion are often less interested in issues related to Latin America. The present bibliography reflects this lack of attention. Due to the relatively small circle of researchers interested in the field, some authors appear more than once in the listed references. Since the topic of Buddhism in Latin America is not very popular, publishing companies are not very keen to bring such scholarship to the market. To compensate for this omission, the reader of this bibliography will find, in addition to monographs, collected works, chapters, and journal articles. a number of relevant academic theses. This variety of publication formats should not distract from the central fact that not all aspects of the issue are equaly represented by the existing literature. Some Latin American countries, as well as specific Buddhist traditions and schools, are overrepresented. While there are many publications regarding Buddhism in Brazil and—to a lesser extent—in Argentina and Mexico, available material regarding other countries is scarce. The same is true for transnational and regional studies. Among the Buddhist schools, Soka Gakkai has received the greatest attention. Zen and Tibetan Buddhism have also been studied in some detail, more so than other branches. Under these conditions, this bibliography is organized according to the main thematical focuses of the selected publications. Besides overviews of the research on Buddhism in Latin America mentioned in the the opening section, Research on Buddhism in Latin America, the sources are categorized under the primary headings Historically Orientated Studies, Geographically Orientated Studies, and Systematically Orientated Studies. In several cases, the association of a publication to one of these categorizations may be ambiguous. To add an essay about Soka Gakkai in Argentina in the first decades after its appearance under Systematically Orientated Studies, for example, is arbitrary and demands from a reader, particularly one who is interested in one specific category, to be alert for complementary suggestions in other parts of the bibliography.
Stream Mitigation Banking
Authors: Lave Rebecca
Published: March 2021

Stream mitigation banking is a market-based approach for managing negative impacts on fluvial systems under Section 404 of the US Clean Water Act. The core rationale of mitigation banking is that we should protect the environment not by preventing harm, but by pricing it: developers, public-works agencies, and other entities may damage a stream in one location as long as they pay for the restoration of a comparable stream elsewhere (see Compensatory Mitigation and Valuation of Ecosystem Services). That restoration is most often provided by a for-profit company that speculatively purchases rights to land with a degraded stream on it, then restores that stream to produce stream credits. The stream credits can then be purchased by developers or other entities to fulfill the permit obligations incurred by proposing to damage another stream somewhere else (see Stream Mitigation Banking in Practice). Along with its older sister, wetlands mitigation banking, stream mitigation banking is one of the oldest and most firmly established market-based approaches to environmental management in the world. As of 2018, there were nearly 3,500 mitigation banks in the United States, with sales estimated at least $1 billion per year. Mitigation banking has thus become a poster child for market-based (also referred to as neoliberal) approaches to conservation, inspiring comparable policies to tackle issues from endangered species to carbon dioxide emissions on every continent except Antarctica. However, there has been relatively little biophysical evaluation of whether stream mitigation banking actually leads to better outcomes for fluvial systems, and the data we do have are not promising (see Environmental Impacts).
Global Archaeology
Authors: Smith Claire , Burke Heather
Published: March 2021

Global archaeology is the archaeology of globalization, documenting and unearthing the material markers of its origins, trajectories, manifestations, and repercussions. In the 1980s, when globalization first developed as a major force, there was a sense of excitement, along with some foreboding. Closely connected to ideals of democracy, individualism, capitalism, and free markets, globalization promised to break down barriers between people in different parts of the world, open borders, improve communications, and create new opportunities. Enhanced understandings and greater world peace seemed an inevitable outcome. However, in the early 21st century, it is clear that the world is undergoing profound environmental, economic, and social transformations, and that many of these changes are problematic. Globalization has exacerbated old stresses and dislocations and created new issues of serious concern. Inequality continues to grow, both within and between countries. Racism, discrimination, and exclusion are hot issues, as are nationalist backlashes against migrants. The lifestyles of people in First World countries are prompting changes in climate that may actually drown some Pacific nations. Archaeology functions as a tool for analyzing the material correlates of the shifts and schisms wrought by globalization. Descending from various strands of archaeological research that seek in one way or another to promote a better potential future, calls for a more “present- and future-oriented archaeology” (Harrison 2011, p. 144) have come from a variety of sub-disciplinary directions, including contemporary archaeology, Indigenous archaeology, and historical archaeology. Archaeologists can record sites on islands that may soon vanish due to climate change. They can identify the manner in which material inequities visually communicate and reinforce economic inequalities. They can identify disconnections and dislocations and provide new insights into social change as it takes place. They can highlight injustices that are normalized by contemporary values and, through this, provide impetus for a different future. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on those branches of archaeology that address the impact of globalization. The topics range from climate change and colonialism to forced migration and the influence of information and communication technologies. Underlying them all are issues of inequality, social justice, ethics, and human rights. Some publications focus on the “big picture” changes that have been wrought by globalization, while others provide in-depth local case studies. All are joined by a common perspective that values the assessment of local conditions in terms of how they are shaped by global circumstances.
Anaphora Resolution in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Lozano Cristóbal
Published: March 2021

An area of second language acquisition (SLA) that has received much attention over the past decades is how adult second language (L2) learners acquire and process anaphors like overt and null pronouns. Anaphors are a pervasive phenomenon in language. SLA researchers have focused on Anaphora Resolution (AR), i.e., the mechanisms that allow speakers to determine how anaphors refer to their antecedents. Consider the English sentence David greeted Hugo while he was opening the door. The anaphor (the obligatory overt pronominal subject he) could potentially refer to either antecedent (the subject David or the object Hugo). In null-subject languages (e.g., Spanish, Italian, Greek, Arabic, Japanese, etc.), the situation is more complex, since both an overt (él ‘he’ in Spanish) and a null (Ø) pronominal subject can syntactically alternate and either can potentially refer to either antecedent: David saludó a Hugo mientras él/Ø abría la puerta. Adult L2 learners have an additional difficulty when resolving the anaphor since the way AR works in their mother tongue (L1) could influence their L2 acquisition. AR is a very frequent phenomenon whose investigation can shed light on fundamental questions in the discipline of SLA and Bilingualism: Acquisition and processing issues (How do adult learners acquire and process AR in their L2?); cross-linguistic influence (How does the anaphoric setup from their L1 influence their L2 acquisition? Does the learners’ L1 have a facilitative effect on their L2 in cases where the L1=L2 in terms of AR?); L2 development (How does AR develop in an L2 across proficiency levels?); ultimate attainment (Can near-native learners eventually master the subtleties of AR in their L2 in a native-like fashion?); the multiple factors that constrain AR (Which are the multiple (psycho)linguistic and discursive factors that determine learners’ anaphoric choice?); research methods (Which research methods (naturalistic versus experimental) can best reflect learners’ competence and performance of AR?); linguistic theory (Which are the SLA models that can best account for the observed AR facts in an L2?). In this article we will refer to key studies that address these topics. Given the topics covered in this bibliographical article (AR in adult SLA), the reader is referred to other related Oxford Bibliographies articles: anaphora and pronouns (see Anaphora, and Pronouns) as well as chapters covering aspects of SLA and bilingualism (Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism, and Bilingualism and Multilingualism).
Vilna
Authors: Zalkin Mordechai
Published: March 2021

The Jewish community in Vilna began in the middle of the 16th century, when the Polish king, Zygmunt August, allowed the Jews to settle in the city and operate mainly in the commercial sphere. From this stage onward, the local Jewish community developed rapidly, the community synagogue was established and the Jews lived in the space allocated to them, and later became recognized as the Jewish quarter. From the middle of the 18th century Vilna became a community of unique importance in eastern European space, due to the development of a religious scholarly center, the most prominent of which was Rabbi Eliyahu Kremer, known as the Gaon of Vilna. Since the beginning of the 19th century, there has been a significant increase in the city’s Jewish population, which has spread to other neighborhoods in the city. At the same time, various circles among local Jews underwent a gradual process of cultural change, manifested in the absorption of the worldview of the Enlightenment. Several social circles operated in this spirit, among them poets, writers, and educators. The latter initiated the establishment of modern schools, and in the middle of the 19th century Vilna became the most important center of Jewish enlightenment in eastern Europe. In the second half of the century, Vilna became one of the main centers of the spread of nationalist and socialist ideologies, as well as one of the worldly most known center of Jewish books printing and publication. At the beginning of 1880, the first association of Hovevei Zion was organized in the city, and in 1897, the General Federation of Jewish Workers in Russia, Lithuania, and Poland, better known as the Bund, was also established in Vilna. During the First World War many of the Jews of Vilna left the city, and at the beginning of 1920 the city was annexed to Poland. In the period between the world wars, most of the local Jewish population suffered from considerable economic difficulties, and at the same time they experienced a significant cultural and educational flowering. The Institute for Jewish Research, known as YIVO, was established in Vilna in 1925. Likewise, during those years there was an impressive diversity in the local Jewish educational system, both for boys and girls, and especially for those with a Zionist orientation. Hundreds of Jewish students studied at the various faculties of the local university, despite manifestations of hostility and violence by militant groups of Polish students. With the outbreak of World War II, many refugees from Poland arrived in Vilna, and with the German invasion in the summer of 1941, all city Jews were concentrated in two ghettos. During the war, most of the Vilna’s Jews were murdered in Ponary, and other murder sites. After the war, a small Jewish community lives in the city.
Cytoplasmic HYL1 modulates miRNA-mediated translational repression
Authors: Yang Xi , Dong Weiguo , Ren Wenqing , Zhao Qiuxia , Wu Feijie , He Yuke
Published: March 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control various biological processes by repressing target mRNAs. In plants, miRNAs mediate target gene repression via both mRNA cleavage and translational repression. However, the mechanism underlying this translational repression is poorly understood. Here, we found that Arabidopsis thaliana HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 (HYL1), a core component of the miRNA processing machinery, regulates miRNA-mediated mRNA translation but not miRNA biogenesis when it localized in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic HYL1 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and associates with ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) and ALTERED MERISTEM PROGRAM1. In the cytoplasm, HYL1 monitors the distribution of AGO1 onto polysomes, binds to the mRNAs of target genes, represses their translation, and partially rescues the phenotype of the hyl1 null mutant. This study uncovered another function of HYL1 and provides insight into the mechanism of plant gene regulation.
Arabidopsis cryptochrome 1 controls photomorphogenesis through regulation of H2A.Z deposition
Authors: Mao Zhilei , Wei Xuxu , Li Ling , Xu Peng , Zhang Jingyi , Wang Wenxiu , Guo Tongtong , Kou Shuang , Wang Wanting , Miao Langxi , Cao Xiaoli , Zhao Jiachen , Yang Guangqiong , Zhang Shilong , Lian Hongli , Yang Hong-Quan
Published: March 2021

Light is a key environmental cue that fundamentally regulates plant growth and development, which is mediated by the multiple photoreceptors including the blue light (BL) photoreceptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). The signaling mechanism of Arabidopsis thaliana CRY1 involves direct interactions with CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1)/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 1 and stabilization of COP1 substrate ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5). H2A.Z is an evolutionarily conserved histone variant, which plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation through its deposition in chromatin catalyzed by SWR1 complex. Here we show that CRY1 physically interacts with SWC6 and ARP6, the SWR1 complex core subunits that are essential for mediating H2A.Z deposition, in a BL-dependent manner, and that BL-activated CRY1 enhances the interaction of SWC6 with ARP6. Moreover, HY5 physically interacts with SWC6 and ARP6 to direct the recruitment of SWR1 complex to HY5 target loci. Based on previous studies and our findings, we propose that CRY1 promotes H2A.Z deposition to regulate HY5 target gene expression and photomorphogenesis in BL through the enhancement of both SWR1 complex activity and HY5 recruitment of SWR1 complex to HY5 target loci, which is likely mediated by interactions of CRY1 with SWC6 and ARP6, and CRY1 stabilization of HY5, respectively.
A ferredoxin bridge connects the two arms of plant mitochondrial complex I
Authors: Klusch Niklas , Senkler Jennifer , Yildiz Özkan , Kühlbrandt Werner , Braun Hans-Peter
Published: March 2021

Mitochondrial complex I is the main site for electron transfer to the respiratory chain and generates much of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Complex I is composed of two arms, which form a conserved L-shape. We report the structures of the intact, 47-subunit mitochondrial complex I from Arabidopsis thaliana and the 51-subunit complex I from the green alga Polytomella sp., both at around 2.9 Å resolution. In both complexes, a heterotrimeric γ-carbonic anhydrase domain is attached to the membrane arm on the matrix side. Two states are resolved in A. thaliana complex I, with different angles between the two arms and different conformations of the ND1 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1) loop near the quinol binding site. The angle appears to depend on a bridge domain, which links the peripheral arm to the membrane arm and includes an unusual ferredoxin. We propose that the bridge domain participates in regulating the activity of plant complex I.
Perceived Limitations of Walking in Individuals With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Nelson Jennifer A , Boyer Elizabeth R
Published: March 2021

Objective

Impairments associated with cerebral palsy (CP) can affect gait quality and limit activity and participation. The purpose of this study was to quantify (1) which of 6 factors (pain, weakness, endurance, mental ability, safety concerns, balance) were perceived to limit walking ability the most in individuals with CP and (2) whether age or Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level is related to that perception.

Methods

This cross-sectional study queried data from a gait laboratory database. Perceived walking limitation was quantified using a 5-point Likert scale (“never” to “all of the time”). Included were 1566 children and adults (mean age = 10.9 y [SD = 6.8]; range = 3.0–72.1 y) with CP (GMFCS level I: 502; II: 564; III: 433; IV: 67).

Results

Patients or caregivers perceived balance to limit walking ability to the greatest extent, followed by endurance, weakness, safety, mental ability, and pain. Balance was perceived to always limit walking ability in 8%, 22%, 30%, and 34% of individuals in GMFCS levels I through IV, respectively. Endurance was perceived to always limit walking ability in 5%, 13%, 13%, and 27% of individuals in GMFCS levels I through IV, respectively. There were minor differences in the perceived extent of limitation caused by the factors by GMFCS level. Only weak associations between age and pain, mental ability, safety, and balance were observed (Spearman rho = −0.13 to 0.24).

Conclusion

Patients or caregivers perceived decreased balance and endurance to most strongly limit walking ability. Efforts should be made to clinically track how both perceived and objective measures of these limiting factors change with age and intervention.

Impact

Following a patient- and family-centered care model, therapy that places greater emphasis on balance and cardiovascular endurance may have the greatest effect on walking ability for individuals with CP. Future research should quantify which therapeutic, surgical, and pharmacologic interventions minimize these impairments and optimize activity and participation.

Lay Summary

Balance and endurance are perceived to be the greatest factors limiting walking in people with CP. If you have CP, your physical therapist might emphasize balance and cardiovascular endurance to improve your walking ability.
The social paradox of COVID-19 pandemic: the duality of socialization and the value of fraternal charity
Authors: Canete Jonathan James O
Published: March 2021

Government across all nations had promulgated precautionary measures in controlling the wide spread of the disease. One that takes precedence is the practice of community quarantine where people are mandated to stay at home and avoid going outside if is not utterly necessary. This mandate caused a lot of catastrophic outcomes in the socio-economic condition and mental health of many. Many people are in psychological and existential despair for the loss of their jobs and the isolation that they are experiencing. However, in the midst of this undesirable condition, the natural tendency of the human person to socialize is still present. Done in the spirit of fraternal charity, an individual’s way of socialization gives hope to those who are in despair. The COVID-19 pandemic does not deter the human person to exercise his fraternal instinct but gives him sufficient reason to employ it all the more, creating the social paradox of human presence.
COVID-19 and suicide: when crises collide
Authors: Corpuz Jeff Clyde G
Published: March 2021

Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Even before the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 pandemic, suicide continued to be a major public health concern. Globally, someone dies by suicide every 40 s, and for each death, there are 20 more persons attempting suicide. A recently published article rightly stated the need for a ‘population-based approach’ to suicide prevention to mitigate suicide attempts. This paper further adds that there must be a stronger multi-agency or multi-sectoral approach to suicide prevention, intervention and postvention. This paper concludes with few suggestions on how to address the COVID-19-related suicide cases as the world continues to fight against the double pandemic.
EFFECTIVE DOSE IN PEDIATRIC INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY
Authors: Sarycheva S S
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to estimate the effective doses (EDs) to children undergoing pediatric interventional cardiology examinations in hospitals of St.-Petersburg, to calculate associated dose conversion coefficients (DCCs) and to investigate their dependence of different parameters of the various procedures. Basic parameters of pediatric cardiology examinations and patient doses were studied in three main pediatric city hospitals. More than 300 examinations were under consideration. The technical, geometrical and dosimetric parameters, as well as patients’ parameters, for each individual procedure were collected. All cardiac examinations were divided into five age groups (newborn, 1, 5, 10 and 15 y old). The EDs and the corresponding DCCs from the dose-area product to ED were calculated using PCXMC 2.0 software and based on the collected data. The study included the evaluation of the relations between the DCCs, patient age and parameters of examinations. The results of the study indicated significant dependence of the DCCs on the patients’ age and the beam quality. The DCCs for the newborns and 15-year old groups differed by a factor of 10. The maximum estimated ED of 26 mSv was found in the newborn age group.
Dynamics of Diaporthe ampelina Conidia Released from Grape Canes that Overwintered in the Vineyard
Authors: González-Domínguez Elisa , Caffi Tito , Languasco Luca , Latinovic Nedeljko , Latinovic Jelena , Rossi Vittorio
Published: March 2021

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot (PCLS) is an important disease of grapevines that is mainly caused by Diaporthe ampelina. Dispersal dynamics of D. ampelina spores were investigated in two vineyards, one in northern Italy and one in Montenegro, by using spore samplers that collected α- and β-conidia from rain water running off from PCLS-affected canes. The canes were collected from each vineyard, deployed, and overwintered in the corresponding vineyards. In each of three years (2016, 2017, and 2018), conidial dispersal was investigated during one (Montenegro) or two (Italy) growing seasons following the deployment of the PCLS-affected canes. In the first growing season following cane deployment in both vineyards, α-conidia were mostly found in runoff water after grapevine bud break, especially in April and May, and β-conidia were regularly found in numbers comparable to those of α-conidia, most frequently from June to September. In Italy, high numbers of α- and β-conidia were also collected during the second growing season following cane deployment. The dispersal dynamics of α-conidia over time were described by a Gompertz equation using hydrothermal time (i.e., the accumulated effect of temperature on the maturation rate of pycnidia on days in which the number of hours of wetness was ≥6 or 9 h), with R2 and concordance correlation coefficient >0.9. Rain (≥0.2 mm) was a good predictor of conidial dispersal, with an overall accuracy of 0.97. These results increase our understanding of D. ampelina spore dispersal and should be integrated into warning systems for PCLS management.
Monoclonal Antibody Approved to Treat Ebola
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: March 2021

Ansuvimab-zykl (Ebanga), a human monoclonal antibody, has been approved to treat Zaire ebolavirus (Ebolavirus) infection.

The most common adverse effects of the drug are fever, tachycardia, diarrhea, vomiting, hypotension, tachypnea, and chills; these are also common symptoms of Ebolavirus infection.
First Oral Hormone for Treating Prostate Cancer
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: March 2021

Relugolix (Orgovyx) has been approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. It is the first oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist.

As with other androgen deprivation therapy, there is a risk of prolonging the QT or QTc interval with relugolix. The drug may also cause embryo–fetal toxicity.
Green Tea for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Wissen Kim van , Blanchard Denise
Published: March 2021

Editor's note: The mission of Cochrane Nursing is to provide an international evidence base for nurses involved in delivering, leading, or researching nursing care. Cochrane Corner provides summaries of recent systematic reviews from the Cochrane Library. For more information, see https://nursing.cochrane.org.
Nurse-Led Intervention Increases Advance Care Planning Discussions and Documentation
Authors: Rosenberg Karen
Published: March 2021

According to this study:

Use of a nurse navigator—led advance care planning pathway integrated with a health care professional—facing electronic health record interface increases the frequency of discussions and documentation of advance care planning for vulnerable older adults in the primary care setting.
Standardizing the Accommodations Process for Health Care Workers During COVID-19
Authors: Humphrey-Carothers Frances , Kalia Nimisha , Lam Clarence K. , Minor Sebastian A. , Bernacki Edward J. , Tao Xuguang (Grant)
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in accommodation requests from employees seeking temporary alterations to or relief from their job demands. To maintain consistency and ensure a standard approach, Johns Hopkins Medicine established a COVID-19 Accommodation Review committee that includes experts from the occupational health, legal, and human resources departments, as well as an Americans with Disabilities Act coordinator. In this article, the authors describe the workflow and various components of their institution's accommodations review process, which has resulted in a more consistent and equitable approach to granting requests.
Those Special Moments Nurses Sometimes Talk About
Authors: Appel Yehudis
Published: March 2021

Updated several times a week with posts by a wide variety of authors, AJN's blog Off the Charts allows us to provide more timely—and often more personal—perspectives on professional, policy, and clinical issues. Best of the Blog is a regular column to draw the attention of AJN readers to posts we think deserve a wider audience. To read more, please visit: www.ajnoffthecharts.com.
What Lies Ahead for Nursing
Authors: Fauteux Nicole
Published: March 2021

This is the last of three articles exploring ways in which frontline nurses may be affected by recommendations of the forthcoming National Academy of Medicine Future of Nursing 2020-2030 study. For this third article, interviews were conducted with nurse leaders from diverse practice areas to see how their thinking about the future had shifted as 2020 drew to a close.
Nurses Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: The United Nations and Sigma
Authors: Sensor Connie Sobon , Branden Pennie Sessler , Clary-Muronda Valerie , Hawkins Janice E. , Fitzgerald Dawn , Shimek Aric M. , Al-Itani Dania , Madigan Elizabeth A. , Rosa William E.
Published: March 2021

This article is one in a series in which contributing authors discuss how the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are linked to everyday clinical issues; national public health emergencies; and other nursing issues, such as leadership, shared governance, and advocacy. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a 15-year plan of action to achieve the goals, was unanimously adopted by all UN member states in September 2015 and took effect on January 1, 2016. The Agenda consists of 17 SDGs addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants of health and 169 associated targets focused on five themes: people, planet, peace, prosperity, and partnership. The SDGs build on the work of the UN Millennium Development Goals, which were in effect from 2000 to 2015. The current article highlights SDGs 5 (gender equality), 8 (decent work and economic growth), and 17 (partnerships for the goals), along with the advocacy of these goals by Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing in the UN system.
It's Hurting
Authors: Cooksey Nancy Rumsey
Published: March 2021

Too young to give birth, carrying generations of pain into the future.
Incidence of Uterine Bleeding Following Oral Anticoagulant Use in FDA’s Sentinel System
Authors: Anderson Abby , Hou Laura , Eworuke Efe , Wong Hui-Lee , Moeny David , Huang Ting-Ying , Gassman Audrey
Published: March 2021

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.11.034)

The aim of this study was to improve the understanding among clinicians of uterine bleeding (UB) events requiring intervention among women treated with an oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. The authors examined the incidence of UB events in the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Sentinel System, a database that comprised medical encounter and outpatient pharmacy claims data contributed by 17 public and commercial health insurers and integrated delivery networks.
University Students' Attitudes About Violence Against Women in the Name of Honor
Authors: Baysan Arabaci Leyla , Dereli Feyza , Büyükbayram Arslan Ayşe , Taş Soylu Gülsenay , Kurt Aşkin , Kurt Abdulhakim
Published: March 2021

Objective

This research was conducted to determine attitudes of university students toward violence aganist women in the name of honor.

Method

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with university students in Turkey. In addition to demographic information gathering, the following instruments were used to measure student attitudes: Introductory Information Form, Attitudes Toward Honor Scale, and Attitudes Toward Violence Against Women Scale. The high scores show the negative attitudes regarding the concept of honor. Analyses included descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with t tests, and alpha was set at 0.05.

Findings

Analyses were conducted on 1,038 surveys completed by students. Among the student participants, 686 (66.1%) were female, and the mean age was 20.51 ± 3.17 years. In all participants, 509 (49.0%) reported that they had been exposed to physical, verbal, sexual, or economic violence at least once in their lifetime; 151 (14.5%) had witnessed an honor killing in the social environment in which their families lived. The mean score of the Attitudes Toward Honor Scale (31.80 ± 15.84, max: 84) and Attitudes Toward Violence Against Women Scale (25.32 ± 9.36, max: 84) were found to be below the average. The mean scores on scales were found statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

University students do not approve of violence against women in the name of honor. However, some students, whose cultural characteristics were more dominant, tend to approve honor killings.
The efficacy of niacin supplementation in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Yan Xiaoying , Wang Shunyu
Published: March 2021

Background:

Dyslipidemia is a main risk factor of cardiovascular disease in the diabetic patients. Niacin was found acutely to decrease the plasma concentration of free fatty acids by inhibiting their mobilization from adipose tissue. This present study is a double blinded, randomized, and prospective trial to determine the effect of niacin during dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods:

This randomized controlled, double-blinded, single center trial is carried out according to the principles of Declaration of Helsinki. This present study was approved in institutional review committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University. All the patients received the informed consent. Diabetic patients were randomized (1:1) to receive 3-month treatment with extended-release niacin or matching placebo. The major outcome of our present study was the change in the level of HbA1c from the baseline to week 12. Secondary outcome measures contained the levels of fasting blood glucose, the concentrations of serum transaminase, the other laboratory variables, and self-reported adverse events. The P < .05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:

We assumed that adding the niacin to the medication in patients with type 2 diabetes would reduce dyslipidemia and achieve target lipid levels.

Trial registration:

This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry5925).
The efficacy of novel metabolic targeted agents and natural plant drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease treatment
Authors: Zhou Jingwen , Chen Yidi , Yu Jun , Li Tianci , Lu Ziyu , Chen Yan , Zhang Xiaolong , Ye Fang
Published: March 2021

Background:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent chronic liver disease characterized by excess accumulation of fat in hepatocytes. Because no drug has been approved for NAFLD treatment, this work analyzed the effects of agents resulting from 2 research hotspots, metabolic target agents, and natural plant drugs, on NAFLD with network meta-analysis.

Methods:

Public databases were searched through August 14, 2020. Randomized controlled trials that compared obeticholic acid, elafibranor, cenicriviroc, selonsertib, curcumin, silymarin, and resveratrol to placebo were included. Liver pathology improvement, hepatic biochemical indicators, and lipid metabolism indicators were analyzed.

Results:

Thirty-five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Obeticholic acid was found to significantly increase the frequency of liver biopsy improvement compared to placebo (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.60, 2.77). The ranking results among the hepatic biochemical indicators showed that obeticholic acid (94.9%) and elafibranor (86.3%) have a relative advantage in reducing alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and obeticholic acid also had an advantage (95.4%) in reducing aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Considering lipid metabolic indicators, elafibranor (expSMD: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.05; SUCRA: 100%), and obeticholic acid (expSMD: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.28,0.84; SUCRA: 75.6%) significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) levels compared with placebo; moreover, obeticholic acid, but not elafibranor, caused a serious increase in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.

Conclusions:

Novel metabolic targeted agents generally have better effects than natural plant drugs, especially obeticholic acid, and elafibranor. However, obeticholic acid showed serious adverse effects such as increasing LDL-C levels and decreasing HDL-C levels. Curcumin showed potential advantages for NAFLD but lacked statistical significance.
The diagnostic value of dual-phase cone-beam CT during hepatic arteriography in transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Higashihara Hiroki , Osuga Keigo , Onishi Hiromitsu , Nakamoto Atsushi , Tsuboyama Takahiro , Tomiyama Noriyuki
Published: March 2021

To evaluate the diagnostic value of dual-phase cone beam CT during hepatic arteriography (CBCTHA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Thirty seven patients with unresectable HCC underwent the dual-phase CBCTHA prior to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Three blinded observers independently reviewed and compared the first phase CBCTHA images alone and the dual phase CBCTHA images. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by the alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic method (Area under the curve: Az value). Sensitivities were analyzed with the paired t test. The analysis was performed for overall HCCs, HCCs up to 1 cm and those larger than 1 cm.

For all HCCs and HCCs up to 1 cm, Az value and sensitivity showed no significant difference between the first-phase CBCTHA alone and the dual-phase CBCTHA (Az: 0.81 vs 0.88, P = .07, 0.79 and 0.85, P = .14, sensitivity: 0.61 and 0.73, P = .11, 0.41 and 0.52, P = .33, respectively). For HCCs larger than 1 cm, the mean Az value and sensitivity for the dual-phase CBCTHA were significantly higher than those for the first phase CBCTHA alone (Az: 0.96 vs 0.92, P = .008, sensitivity: 0.85 vs 0.75, P = .013, respectively).

The diagnostic accuracy of the dual-phase CBCTHA was superior to that of the first phase CBCTHA alone in the diagnosis of HCC larger than 1 cm.
Relationship between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and breast cancer
Authors: Liu Linlin , Sun Xu , Yuan Chenxi , Liu Huaimin
Published: March 2021

Background:

Breast cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in women, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and even life-threatening. The occurrence and development of breast cancer are closely related to genetic factors. Many studies have shown that human leukocyte antigen DRB1 is associated with the development of breast cancer, but lack evidence. This study aims to systematically evaluate the relationship between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and breast cancer.

Methods:

The retrieval time of this study was from the establishment of the database to February 2021. The retrieval databases included CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and China Biomedical Database, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The retrieval objects were observational studies on the relationship between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and breast cancer (including case--control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies). The language restrictions were English and Chinese. Two researchers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies, and Stata 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

This study will systematically evaluate the relationship between HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism and breast cancer based on existing studies.

Conclusion:

This study will explore the early warning signal of breast cancer genetic susceptibility, and provide evidence-based medical evidence for clarifying the role of HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism in breast cancer.

OSF Registration number:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/847FQ
Comparative efficacy and safety of topical hemostatic agents in primary total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Li Shaoshuo , Chen Baixing , Hua Zhen , Shao Yang , Yin Heng , Wang Jianwei
Published: March 2021

Background:

Topical hemostatic agents are commonly used for reducing perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirement in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), although the optimal option has yet to be defined. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical hemostatic agents and rank the best intervention using the network meta-analysis (NMA) method.

Methods:

We searched Web of science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library database up to April 2020, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on topical hemostatic agents in primary TKA. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane “risk of bias” tool. Direct and indirect comparisons were performed for the result of network meta-analysis followed by consistency test.

Results:

Thirty seven RCTs with 3792 patients were included in this NMA and the pooled results indicated that tranexamic acid plus diluted epinephrine (TXA+DEP) displayed the highest efficacy in reducing total blood loss, hemoglobin drop and transfusion requirement. None of the included treatments was found to increase risk of thromboembolic events compared to placebo. According to the results of ranking probabilities, TXA+DEP had the highest possibility to be the best topical hemostatic agent with regard to the greatest comparative efficacy and a relatively high safety level.

Conclusion:

Current evidence supports that administration of TXA+DEP may be the optimal topical hemostatic agent to decrease blood loss and transfusion requirement in primary TKA. More direct studies that focused on the topical application of TXA+DEP versus other treatments are needed in the future.
Clinical therapy of platelet-rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Gong Hao , Li Kaiming , Xie Rui , Du Guoqing , Li Linghui , Wang Shangquan , Yin Jing , Gu Jinyu , Wang Ping , Chen Ming , Hou Xiaozhou
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common degenerative disease of the joints caused by articular cartilage injury, degeneration of joint edges and hyperplasia of subchondral bone. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of clinical therapy of platelet-rich plasma vs hyaluronic acid injections in patients with KOA.

Methods:

We systematically investigated Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for all related articles published through May 2020. Any study was included that compared the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in patients with KOA. The search terms included “platelet-rich plasma,” “PRP,” “hyaluronic acid,” “HA,” “knee,” “osteoarthritis,” “arthritis,” “KOA”. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze and calculate data regarding these outcome indicators.

Results:

In this study,

Conclusion:

In improving knee function and quality of life, PRP showed superiority over HA in long-term follow-up from well-designed double-blind trials, but a large number of high-quality multi-center studies are still needed to provide more sufficient evidence.
The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine's tonifying-kidney, strengthening-spleen, and invigorating-blood circulation (Bushen-Jianpi-Huoxue) principle for type 2 diabetes mellitus with osteoporosis
Authors: Zhao Yu , Qiu Jingjing , Chen Tongying , Wang Shihao , Liu Shuhua , Huang Hongxing , Wan Lei
Published: March 2021

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and osteoporosis (OP) often coexist, and both are systemic metabolic diseases and seriously increase the risk of fragility fracture. However, there is no specific Western medicine for the treatment of T2D with OP (T2DOP). As reported in clinical and experimental studies, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) based on principle of tonifying-kidney, strengthening-spleen, and invigorating blood circulation (Bushen-Jianpi-Huoxue) (BSJPHX) has significant efficacy against T2DOP. This protocol will be designed for a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of TCM BSJPHX principle in the treatment of T2DOP.

Methods:

All relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to TCM therapies conducted in BSJPHX principle for T2DOP will be searched in the 8 electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wed of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literatures Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, from inception to October 2020. The main outcomes will contain: fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum calcium, bone mineral density (BMD), TCM syndrome integral, and the additional outcomes will consist of visual analog scale (VAS), and adverse events. Two reviewers will independently carry out literature search, data selection and synthesis, and literature quality assessment. In case of any dispute, it will be settled by group discussion. Assessment of risk of bias, reporting bias, and data synthesis would be performed with Review Manager software (Rev-Man 5.3).

Result:

This study will collate and summarize the various current evidences of TCM BSJPHX principle for T2DOP.

Conclusion:

This study will offer convincing evidence for judging the efficacy and safety of TCM BSJPHX principle for T2DOP.

PROSPERO registration number:

CRD42020218877.
Which of the acupuncture treatment regimen for lumbar disc herniation is more effective and safer
Authors: Zhong Xiaoying , Liu Jiaxin , Wang Yanping , Zhang Linzi , Zhang Honglai
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is the most common cause of low back pain and severely affects people's quality of life and ability to work. Although many clinical trials and medical reports conducted over the years have shown that acupuncture treatments are effective for LDH, the comparative effectiveness of these different acupuncture therapies is still unclear. This protocol of a network meta-analysis was designed to compare the effects and safety of acupuncture treatment regimens on LDH using both direct and indirect evidence.

Methods and analysis:

This protocol is reported according to the 2015 PRISMA-P and PRISMA guidelines for acupuncture. Eight databases and two platforms will be searched for articles published from their establishment to 1 December 2020 with medical subject heading terms and keywords. Three reviewers will verify the eligible randomized controlled trials independently. NoteExpress (3.2.0) software will be utilized to manage the literature. The overall quality of evidence will be evaluated by Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). Additionally, we will conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness, recurrence rate, and symptom score of acupuncture in treating LDH using Review Manager (RevManV.5.4.1) and R4.0.2 software (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing).

Results:

The results of the study will be published in journals or relevant conferences.

Conclusion:

This proposed systematic review will evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of various acupuncture methods and combination protocols for LDH.
The efficacy and safety of interscalene blockade versus local infiltration analgesia in primary total shoulder arthroplasty?
Authors: Wu Yanhui , Chen Yuan , Ji Cheng , Ye Wen
Published: March 2021

Background:

None of review has been conducted to compare the efficacy of interscalene blockade (ISB) with that of local infiltration analgesia (LIA) in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). We thus conduct a high-quality meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate which analgesic provides better pain relief.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of the published literature in PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases will be performed. Only RCTs evaluating LIA versus ISB in TSA are included in this study. The primary outcome was pain score. Secondary outcome measures included opioid consumption, postoperative adverse event, and length of stay. The Cochrane risk of bias tool is used to evaluate the risk of bias of included RCTs by 2 independent reviewers.

Results:

The results of this research will be delivered in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusions:

This study expects to provide credible and scientific evidence for the efficacy and safety of ISB and LIA for early postoperative pain control after TSA.

Systematic review registration number:

10.17605/OSF.IO/S3MBP.

Ethical approval:

Since this study is on the basis of published or registered RCTs, ethical approval and informed consent of patients are not required.