bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does a high-fat diet affect the development and progression of osteoarthritis in mice? A systematic review
Authors: Sansone Valerio , Applefield Rachel C. , De Luca Paola , Pecoraro Valentina , Gianola Silvia , Pascale Walter , Pascale Valerio
Published: December 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for evidence of the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the onset or progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice.

Methods

A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus to find all studies on mice investigating the effects of HFD or Western-type diet on OA when compared with a control diet (CD). The primary outcome was the determination of cartilage loss and alteration. Secondary outcomes regarding local and systemic levels of proteins involved in inflammatory processes or cartilage metabolism were also examined when reported.

Results

In total, 14 publications met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Our meta-analysis showed that, when measured by the modified Mankin Histological-Histochemical Grading System, there was a significantly higher rate of OA in mice fed a HFD than in mice on a CD (standardized mean difference (SMD) 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 1.91). Using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, there was a trend towards HFD causing OA (SMD 0.78, 95% CI -0.04 to 1.61). In terms of OA progression, a HFD consistently worsened the progression of surgically induced OA when compared with a CD. Finally, numerous inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and leptin, among others, were found to be altered by a HFD.

Conclusion

A HFD seems to induce or exacerbate the progression of OA in mice. The metabolic changes and systemic inflammation brought about by a HFD appear to be key players in the onset and progression of OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:582–592.
Reduction in tibiofemoral conformity in lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is more representative of normal knee kinematics
Authors: Koh Yong-Gon , Lee Jin-Ah , Lee Hwa-Yong , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Chung Hyun-Seok , Kang Kyoung-Tak
Published: December 2019

Aims

Commonly performed unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is not designed for the lateral compartment. Additionally, the anatomical medial and lateral tibial plateaus have asymmetrical geometries, with a slightly dished medial plateau and a convex lateral plateau. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the native knee kinematics with respect to the tibial insert design corresponding to the lateral femoral component.

Methods

Subject-specific finite element models were developed with tibiofemoral (TF) and patellofemoral joints for one female and four male subjects. Three different TF conformity designs were applied. Flat, convex, and conforming tibial insert designs were applied to the identical femoral component. A deep knee bend was considered as the loading condition, and the kinematic preservation in the native knee was investigated.

Results

The convex design, the femoral rollback, and internal rotation were similar to those of the native knee. However, the conforming design showed a significantly decreased femoral rollback and internal rotation compared with that of the native knee (p < 0.05). The flat design showed a significant difference in the femoral rollback; however, there was no difference in the tibial internal rotation compared with that of the native knee.

Conclusion

The geometry of the surface of the lateral tibial plateau determined the ability to restore the rotational kinematics of the native knee. Surgeons and implant designers should consider the geometry of the anatomical lateral tibial plateau as an important factor in the restoration of native knee kinematics after lateral UKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:593–600.
Using Smart Simplicity to tackle complex global challenges: Chronic child hunger in Tanzania
Authors: Morieux Yves , Caines Charmian , Meerkatt Heino , Assery Obey N. , Dunford Michael
Published: December 2019

This paper explores a new way of tackling global problems that are complex by nature using an approach that creates an environment in which people work together in a different way. A clear illustration of the power of this approach - based on state-of-the-art findings in the social
sciences - in developing innovative solutions that lead to greater impact is chronic child hunger and the stunting that results from it, which is the focus for this paper. In many countries, stunting affects more than 30-40% of children, and is responsible for severe and long-lasting health,
social and economic problems. We argue that the reason such problems persist is that as there is no single, simple solution, the response is often to create new structures, processes and systems, which adds counterproductive layers of complicatedness on top of the initial complexity of the
challenge. Instead, what is needed is to shape the context and, as a result, the behaviours of all actors. We call this approach Smart Simplicity. Rather than add to complexity, the idea is to work with existing stakeholders and within existing structures and to foster collaboration. And while
this paper focuses on chronic child hunger and stunting, this is an approach that can be applied to a wide range of complex problems.
In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles on periodic supports as highly active and flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates
Authors: Zhang Jiajie , Wang Chaonan , Wang Meng , Xu Tian
Published: December 2019

With regard to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), the preparation of substrates with high homogeneity and low cost remains a challenge. In this paper, cheap commercial DVD-R plates were adopted as supports, whose 3D periodic structure was transferred onto the surface of flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) easily. Then, silver nanoparticles were grown both on DVD and PDMS substrates by the in situ reduction method, and the SERS performances of these two substrates were investigated. The results confirmed that the PDMS-based substrate exhibited better enhancement performance and higher uniformity (

R
S
D

=

4.16

%

). In addition, due to the flexibility and transparency of PDMS, it is not restricted by the surface shape of the object when applied in in situ detection. This low-cost, simple method will be widely used in the in situ detection of surfaces of objects of any shape.
Gabor optical coherence tomographic angiography (GOCTA) (Part II): theoretical basis of sensitivity improvement and optimization for processing speed
Authors: Chen Chaoliang , Shi Weisong , Ramjist Joel , Yang Victor X. D.
Published: December 2019

We previously proposed a Gabor optical coherence tomography angiography (GOCTA) algorithm for spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) to extract microvascular signals from spectral fringes directly, with speed improvement of 4 to 20 times over existing methods. In this manuscript, we explored the theoretical basis of GOCTA with comparison of experimental data using solid and liquid displacement sample targets, demonstrating that the majority of the GOCTA sensitivity advantage over speckle variance based techniques was in the small displacement range (< 10 ∼ 20 µm) of the moving target (such as red blood cells). We further normalized GOCTA signal by root-mean-square (RMS) of original fringes, achieving a more uniform image quality, especially at edges of blood vessels where slow flow could occur. Furthermore, by transecting the spectral fringes and using skipped convolution, the data processing speed could be further improved. We quantified the trade-off in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) under various sub-spectral bands and found an optimized condition using 1/4 spectral band for minimal angiography image quality degradation, yet achieving a further 26.7 and 34 times speed improvement on GPU and CPU, respectively. Our optimized GOCTA algorithm has a speed advantage of over 140 times compared to existing speckle variance OCT (SVOCT) method.
V-groove-shaped silicon-on-insulator photopolarized activated modulator (SOIP2AM): a polarizing transistor
Authors: Belhassen Jeremy , Frisch Amos , Kapellner Yuval , Zalevsky Zeev , Karsenty Avi
Published: December 2019

In this paper, we present the design of a silicon optoelectronic device
capable of speeding up processing capabilities. The data in this
device are electronic, while the modulation control is optical. It can
be used as a building block for the development of optical data
processing by silicon-based processors based on typical
microelectronics manufacturing processes. A V-groove-based structure
fabricated as part of the device allows obtaining enhanced
sensitivity to the polarization of the photonic control signal and
thus allows obtaining a polarization-sensitive modulator.
Diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves by a resistive half-screen for skew incidence
Authors: Umul Yusuf Ziya
Published: December 2019

The scattering process of electromagnetic plane waves by a resistive half-screen is investigated for oblique incidence. First of all, it is shown that the existing solution in the literature is not correct, because the problem was solved by considering the normal components of the electromagnetic field, in terms of which the boundary conditions cannot be expressed. Instead of these, the components of the electric field, which is parallel to the edge discontinuity, are taken into account. The diffracted fields are obtained with the aid of the method of transition boundary. The uniform field expressions are obtained by using the Fresnel function. The behaviors of the total field and its subcomponents are analyzed numerically.
SnSSe as a saturable absorber for an ultrafast laser with superior stability
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Liu Mengli , Liu Ximei , Lei Ming , Wei Zhiyi
Published: December 2019

Compared with

S
n
S

2

and

S
n
S
e

2

, SnSSe shows high hole mobilities and short relaxation time, resulting in potential applications in photoelectric devices. Here SnSSe is investigated for the ultrashort pulse generation in the mode-locked fiber laser. The prepared SnSSe saturable absorber (SA) exhibits a large modulation depth of 56.75%. Because of the saturable absorption characteristic of the SnSSe SA, mode-locked pulses as short as 158.6 fs with a signal-to-noise ratio of 94 dB are obtained at 1560.9 nm. The nonlinear exploration of SnSSe offers the possibility to explore further applications of SnSSe in near-infrared regions, especially for ultrafast photonic devices and modulators.
Lore of mayhem: Griefers and the radical deployment of spatial storytelling
Authors: Bakioğlu Burcu
Published: December 2019

Griefing is a term frequently used to derisively characterize a wide set of activities on digital platforms that yield atypical or undesirable outcomes. This article offers a fresh perspective on the phenomenon of griefing by resituating it as a form of cultural production derived from a transgressive and often agonistic approach to spatial storytelling. Considering griefing as an expressive performative activity along these lines allows us to better understand its repercussions across digital platforms and increasingly in the real world. It promises to shed light on the process through which subversive meanings take hold as game lore in a true folkloric sense despite the best efforts of game companies and other controlling interests. As such, griefing activities typically point to and reveal an underlying story problem around which power is negotiated by different virtual communities or stakeholders. Using two cases studies drawn fromSecond Life, I illustrate how contested meanings develop into full-fledged game lore through the innovative mash-up language of spatial storytelling. Such stories leverage an alternative model of narrativity and open up immersive worlds to a plethora of generative meanings that are full of magic, intrigue and irony.
State of play: Video games and moral engagement
Authors: Staines Dan , Consalvo Mia , Stangeby Adam , Pedraça Sâmia
Published: December 2019

In this article we examine three recent examples of ‘ethically notable games’ (Zagal 2010) and highlight unusual or innovative design features for facilitating moral engagement. Drawing on the work of Miguel Sicart to frame our analysis, our goal is to highlight current trends in ENG (ethically notable games) design and see how commercial games are moving beyond reductive ‘morality meters’ and treating moral choice with greater nuance, resulting – for the most part – in a more morally engaging experience.
Towards gameworld studies
Authors: Conway Steven , Elphinstone Bradley
Published: December 2019

This article focuses on the phenomenon of meaningful experiences within digital games. To this end, rather than game studies, we propose ‘Gameworld Studies’ as better articulating both the goal of certain theorists and theoretical approaches, and the player experience. In explicating meaning, the authors utilize and link two frameworks: hermeneutic phenomenology and self-determination theory. This interdisciplinary perspective is applied to two data sets, one quantitative, one qualitative, regarding players’ experiences of The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt and Fallout 4. The responses illuminate how certain design decisions have substantial impacts upon both how, and why, particular meanings manifest within the player experience. The article concludes with recommendations for both the design and study of digital games.
AR games as a potential source of improved mental well being: Implications for self-help and individual support
Authors: Urwin Jessica , Flick Catherine
Published: December 2019

This article argues that augmented reality (AR) games such as Pokémon Go are beneficial in enhancing the mood and mental well being of players. Whilst developed purely for entertainment purposes, AR games can offer a number of social and emotional benefits. Within this article Pokémon Go is used as an example. Whilst benefits from playing such as increased physical activity have been found to be short lived, the combination of active participation, positive reinforcement and nostalgia that are central to Pokémon Go’s gameplay appear to have a longer impact upon mental well being. Using survey data, this research considers three key aspects of mood in relation to the experience of gameplay: activity, relationships and environment. This highlights the impact playing Pokémon Go has on mood, and shows broader implications for the use of AR games in self-help strategies and developing mental well being on an individual level.
New models of the inner self: Identity in the digital age
Authors: Warren-Smith Gabriella
Published: December 2019

The following article addresses the changing nature of human identity in the digital age, with a focus on the emergence of the ‘inner self’ via digital communication. Three models of ‘self’ are presented in this text, which have emerged as a result of our rising use of digital technology, entitled ‘The Constructed Self’, ‘The Programmed Self’ and ‘The Absent Self’. The first model, ‘The Constructed Self’, focuses on our ability online to manipulate the public portrayal of the ‘inner self’ via carefully constructed social media profiles and virtual identities. This model compares the instances in which the ‘online self’ and the ‘actual self’ develop as extensions of one another, with examples that highlight how they can also act in opposition. ‘The Programmed Self’ is concerned with the amalgamation of humans and technology. As machines become increasingly intelligent and humanized, new possibilities are arising for our relationship with technology to become ever more personal. Finally, ‘The Absent Self’ brings to light what we miss through our immersion in the screen; how do online environments capture our attention so effectively and what does this do to our ability to self-reflect?
CHORUS: Collective subjectivity in quotational writing practices
Authors: Fitterman Robert
Published: December 2019

‘CHORUS: Collective subjectivity in quotational writing practices’ is a ‘poet’s essay’ that examines new ways to consider subjectivity and personal affect through the use of found language. Through several examples in contemporary poetry, the essay asserts that a collective voice or ‘chorus’ or an avatar-like found voice as a protagonist can articulate the emotional zeitgeist of a cultural moment. The essay argues that this quotational response to personal and public trauma is no less legitimate than the singular articulation of a more conventional lyric poem. Further, the essay emphasizes that the boundaries between original material and found material have become increasingly blurred. As a poet’s essay, and one that addresses quotational writing, ‘CHORUS’ intentionally omits the scholarly use of proper citation.
Diversidad biológica y seguridad alimentaria que ofrecen las huertas urbanas del altiplano andino – amazónico en el Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo, Colombia
Authors: Duarte-Goyes Anyuri Maribel , Rosero-Erazo Luisa Fernanda , Guerra-Acosta Adriana del Socorro , Moreno Ortega Pablo Emilio
Published: December 2019

La presente investigación tiene un diseño metodológico descriptivo no experimental y trasversal, enfocado al estudio de las plantas cultivadas en las huertas, así como también el manejo por cada uno de sus propietarios, y el papel de las mismas en la seguridad alimentaria y la diversidad biológica. Se evaluaron diez huertas urbanas familiares ubicadas en el municipio de Sibundoy, Putumayo, Colombia, en las cuales se encontró un total de 31776 individuos, distribuidas en 113 especies, pertenecientes a 45 familias botánicas; según los propietarios de las huertas familiares consideraron importantes las plantas comestibles con 91 especies las cuales fueron incluidas en la categoría de uso comestible, lo que es indicativo de que la finalidad de las huertas familiares es la alimentación, aunque también se destacan las plantas de uso medicinal. Se evaluó la diversidad biológica con los índices de biodiversidad de Margalef, Shannon, Simpson, el análisis de similitud de huertas de Jaccard y el método de rarefacción con la ayuda del software libre DIVA-GIS 7,5 © para analizar la riqueza y distribución de especies, encontrando un alto índice de biodiversidad en las huertas estudiadas.
O uso da teoria do espaço geográfico de Milton Santos no estudo do turismo: uma possibilidade metodológica em nível dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Geografia no Brasil
Authors: Maranhão Christiano Henrique da Silva , Azevedo Francisco Fransualdo de
Published: December 2019

A contemporaneidade testemunha o turismo despontando como temática de estudo para distintas ciências, encontrando na Geografia uma dessas possibilidades. Sabendo disto, busca-se identificar a relevância da teoria do espaço geográfico, de autoria do geógrafo Milton Santos, no que se refere ao fornecimento de subsídios metodológicos para a estruturação de estudos (teses e dissertações) que abordam o turismo como tema de pesquisa, no âmbito dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu em Geografia no Brasil. Metodologicamente trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, de viés qualitativo. Utiliza-se da análise temática e do levantamento bibliográfico como ferramentas metodológicas centrais. Relata-se que 35 pesquisas, de 49 analisadas, fizeram uso de elementos e categorias de análise propostos por Milton Santos, e 19% destes estudos estão amparados diretamente pela teoria do espaço geográfico. Destarte, conclui-se que a aludida teoria apresenta relevância no momento dos pesquisadores elencarem os suportes técnicos e metodológicos para estruturação dos estudos geográficos sobre o turismo no Brasil.
Mandatory Mediation and the Rule of Law
Authors: Bartlet Michael
Published: December 2019

This article evaluates mediation practice against the core principles that Thomas Bingham identifies as constituting the rule of law. It identifies three forms of compulsion and discusses these in the light of Thomas Bingham’s eight principles. The article examines how voluntary mediation may increase access to justice, a significant component of the rule of law, but an element of compulsion, in its strict sense, impedes the constitutional right of access to the courts and stifles the development of precedent. To comply with the rule of law, in its more substantive version, any instruction that parties attempt to settle via mediation needs to be subject to judicial scrutiny, must ensure that the cost of mediation is not disproportionate, that there is a genuine willingness of the parties to engage in the process with good faith, and that it involves no greater structural inequalities than in litigation.
Fairness in Algorithmic Decision-making
Authors: Harkens Adam
Published: December 2019

This article discusses conceptions of fairness in algorithmic decision-making, within the context of the UK’s legal system. Using practical operational examples of algorithmic tools, itargues that such practices involve inherent technical trade-offs over multiple, competing notions of fairness, which are further exacerbated by policy choices made by those public authorities who use them. This raises major concerns regarding the ability of such choices to affect legal issues in decision-making, and transform legal protections, without adequate legal oversight, or a clear legal framework. This is not to say that the law does not have the capacity to regulate and ensure fairness, but that a more expansive idea of its function is required.
Legislating for Internet safety
Authors: Harris Julian
Published: December 2019

Julian Harris summarises recent consideration on how to protect a child’s rights to privacy, freedom of expression and safety both online and offline, outlining thought on the opportunities and challenges posed by current and future legal frameworks, and the policies required to balance safeguards and rights.
Countering misinformation and disinformation
Authors: Harris Julian
Published: December 2019

Julian Harris outlines the ways in which the perceived threat to democracy presented by “fake news” and the manipulation of data has prompted politicians and decision-makers in the United Kingdom to address the situation.

Index keywords: Information law, fake news, data security
The consequences of Brexit on existing and future commercial contracts
Authors: Renaudin Muriel
Published: December 2019

In this article Dr Muriel Renaudin (Lecturer in Law, School of Law and Politics, Cardiff University) argues that given that English contract law as a whole has predominantly remained untouched by European legislation, a continued membership in current trade agreements will avoid the uncertainties created by Brexit and will ensure that principles of commercial law such as predictability, security and low costs are maintained.

Index keywords: Brexit, United Kingdom, European Union, contract law
Para além de 1964
Authors: Araújo Gessé Almeida
Published: December 2019

Trata-se de um panorama histórico-crítico da censura às artes do espetáculo interpretada como prática política institucionalizada pelo Estado brasileiro notadamente durante os anos de ditadura militar (1964 - 1985). O recorte estabelecido elenca os eventos pré e pós-golpe de 64 até a abertura política, a promulgação da Constituição de 1988 com o suposto fim da censura, chegando ao cerceamento a espetáculos e exposições no território nacional pós-2016. A argumentação aventa os possíveis atavismos autoritários do passado e do presente político e social no Brasil, concebendo a censura às artes como sendo uma prática fomentada, entre outros, por setores conservadores da sociedade civil. Por fim, chega-se a uma possível leitura da censura como fenômeno histórico explicitando os elementos autoritários que rondam as artes no Brasil até os dias atuais.
¿Por qué y para qué sistematizar las experiencias de extensión universitaria?
Authors: Jara Holliday Oscar
Published: December 2019

La Sistematización de Experiencias, como propuesta de producción de conocimiento desde las prácticas educativas, organizativas y de procesos sociales comunitarios se ha ido convirtiendo en los últimos años en una temática de mucho interés en diversos ámbitos, y cada vez con mayor acogida en el de las experiencias de Extensión Universitaria.Encontramos en las Universidades una preocupación creciente en torno a la necesidad de fortalecer la producción y circulación de conocimiento académico desde los proyectos, programas y actividades de Extensión o Acción Social y sus vínculos con las dimensiones docente e investigativa.La definición de una propuesta conceptual de Sistematización de Experiencias y pautas metodológicas que la hagan viable, se ha ido poniendo en práctica en diversos programas de formación y capacitación, los cuales nos plantean nuevas e importantes posibilidades y desafíos.
La actividad editorial intramuros como práctica cultural de extensión universitaria
Authors: Rubin María José
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo reflexiona en torno a la actividad del Taller Colectivo de Edición (TCE) como curso de extensión de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UBA y a su especificidad en tanto instancia de trabajo que pone en juego herramientas del quehacer editorial. Esta propuesta pedagógica que se desarrolla desde 2008 busca habilitar un espacio y una práctica que recupere las experiencias, los saberes y la capacidad crítica de los y las talleristas para constituirse en un colectivo de trabajo con miras a la publicación de una revista. A partir de la labor realizada por el TCE, el presente trabajo se propone recuperar la actividad editorial en el marco de la extensión universitaria y los productos que de ella resultan como fuente para la construcción de una memoria respecto de la práctica cultural intramuros que se en articulación con la universidad. Esto, a su vez, plantea la necesidad de redefinir la concepción de Edición tradicional en el marco de su trabajo en territorio desde la perspectiva de la extensión universitaria.
Experimentá, creá, emprendé
Authors: Craichic Vanesa , Farías María Cecilia , Azerrad María Rut , Rossler Germán
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo describe el proceso generado en el marco del Ciclo de Capacitación: Experimentá, Creá, Emprendé organizado desde la Secretaría de Extensión Social y Cultural y la cátedra de Economía Social y Solidaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, junto con el Gobierno de la Ciudad de Santa Fe. La propuesta se desarrolló durante el año 2018 en tres etapas diferenciadas, donde los principales destinatarios fueron jóvenes, de diferentes barrios, en situación de vulnerabilidad, vinculados y en las sedes de Escuelas de Trabajo de la Ciudad de Santa Fe.
Kepercayaan dan Pertentangan Ideologi dalam Cerpen “Cerita Lama Negara Suka dan Negara Neka” Karya Jelsyah Dauleng (Kajian Hegemoni Gramsci)
Authors: Falah Fajrul
Published: December 2019

This study aims to revealed the beliefs and ideological contradictions in the short story “Cerita Lama Negara Suka dan Negara Neka” creation Jelsyah Dauleng. This research is based on fictional thoughts and ideas (short story) is a reflection of the writer's thoughts to the world of reality of the people being referred. Language and symbols in the short story, meaningful that needs to be expressed. The object of this research material is short story “Cerita Lama Negara Suka dan Negara Neka” published by Harian Haluan, 10 February 2019. This study uses a sociological approach, to reveal issue and social aspects contained in the short story, specifically enter the realm of Gramsci's hegemony. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Research data obtained from the short story text (words, phrases, sentences) that are relevant to Gramsci's ideology, beliefs, social aspects and hegemony. The research data is then interpreted according to the approach used, then presented descriptively. The results of the research on this short story showed that there was a conflict between group members then each group separated and created their respective countries. Conflict and the separation of the two countries Successfully muted because of group members Negara Neka trust belief Negara Suka, namely a life full of peace, kindness, and other realms. Trust Negara Neka to Negara Suka finally fade after a disaster. Group Negara Neka returned to the ideology it believed.
Study of the Viscosity of a La2O3-SiO2-FeO Slag System
Authors: Xin Wenbin , Deng Yongchun , Jiang Yinju , Wang Yongqiang
Published: December 2019

The viscosity and break temperature of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag was investigated to develop low-Al2O3 or Al2O3-free slag for the effective recovery of rare-earth metals. When La2O3 content is fixed (45, 50 and 55 mass%), the viscosity and break temperature of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag decrease with an increase in FeO content and a decrease in SiO2 content. A higher La2O3 content in the La2O3-SiO2-FeO ternary slag yields a lower slag viscosity but a higher break temperature. Individual minor components of Al2O3, MnO and B2O3 does not affect, or decreases slightly the viscosity of La2O3–SiO2-FeO slag, whereas the slag break temperature is reduced so that the reduction ability order is ranked as B2O3 > Al2O3 > MnO. A small amount of two components Al2O3 + MnO and Al2O3 + B2O3 has little effect on the viscosity of the slag but it has an additive effect on the slag break-temperature reduction.
NOx reduction by CO over Fe/ZSM-5: A comparative study of different preparation techniques
Authors: Li Jianjie , Zhao Mingliang , Zhang Ming , Cheng Xingxing , Chang Jingcai , Wang Zhiqiang , Fu Jiapeng , Sun Yiqing , Liu Xiuru
Published: December 2019

Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by three kinds of ion exchange methods: aqueous ion-exchange (AI), hydrothermal ion-exchange (HI) and solid-state ion-exchange (SI). Their catalytic activities were tested for NOx reduction by CO in a separated NOx adsorption-desorption process. In this paper, performances of adsorption, reduction and dynamic adsorption-reduction were all investigated. All three catalysts exhibited good reduction activity at above 300 °C. Fe/ZSM-5(SI) exhibited excellent NOx removal efficiency in the dynamic adsorption-reduction experiments. However, in the dynamic process the adsorption efficiency of Fe/ZSM-5(AI) and the reduction efficiency of Fe/ZSM-5(HI) is not very good. The catalysts were further characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, XRF, XPS and TPD. It was found that the Fe content of the Fe/ZSM-5(SI) was the highest. Further, Fe is supported in the form of Fe2O3 particles. Bronsted acid sites were also playing a major role in the high catalytic activity. TPD and in situ DRIFT experiments show that more Fe loading in α acid sites could result in a higher NOx removal efficiency.
Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia induced by
Hirudo medicinalis
(leeches)
Authors: Sadati Maryam Sadat , Rezaee Maryam , Ghafarpur Sara , Aslani Fatemeh Sari , Dastgheib Ladan , Jahankhah Reza
Published: December 2019

For centuries, Hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech) has been used as a remedy to treat many discomforts, such as muscle and joint pain. Nowadays, using leech in reconstructive surgery, microsurgery, wound and flap healing, venous insufficiency, varicosities and many other disorders has increased. In this study, we report a 45 year old female patient with six pruritic papules on her legs since10 months ago that appeared about 4 weeks after one session of leech application. Skin biopsy was performed on one of the papules, and in histopathology, superficial ulceration with a dense superficial and deep inflammatory infiltrate within the dermis composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils detected that considering history of leech application at this site, these constellation of data was compatible with the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia induced by leeches and the patient was cured by a topical steroid and cryotherapy.
Sinusitis, an under-reported adverse effect in children treated with radioactive iodine therapy and review of the current literature
Authors: Walsh Elizabeth T. , Hunter Janel D. , Crudo David F. , Constantacos Cathrine
Published: December 2019

Background

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is prevalent in the treatment of Graves’ disease. Adverse effects in pediatrics are not well-described.

Case presentation

A 13-year-old female underwent RAI therapy for Graves’ disease. Eight days later, she developed facial pain and forehead burning. She was diagnosed with sinusitis and started on pseudoephedrine with resolution in 24 h.

Conclusions

She endured prolonged discomfort due to an under-recognized adverse effect of RAI. Studies identify the nose as a site of RAI accumulation and smaller nasal passages may predispose children to sinusitis. We report the first pediatric case of sinusitis following RAI. With the increasing use of RAI to treat Graves’ disease, clinicians must recognize this adverse effect.
Experimental Determination of the Belt Transmission Slip
Authors: Mascenik Jozef , Murcinkova Zuzana
Published: December 2019

The presented paper provides the alternative options for determining the condition of belt gear based on the testing and monitoring. In order to carry out experimental measurements, a newly developed device for testing, monitoring and diagnostics of belt drives was designed, as well as the possibility of determination of limit states by extreme loads. The designed measuring stand allows to determine the point of destruction of the belt for an extreme load. The main objective of the experimental measurement was to determine the slip of the wedge-shaped belt. The slip was evaluated by the coefficient of belt creeping and the specific belt slip by means of the measuring stand. The measurements on the proposed device can be made when the input speed from the electric motor and the transmitted torque of the belt gear are constant while the tensioning force of the belt drive is changing or the measurements can be made when the tensioning force and input speed of the belt drive are constant and the torsional moment changes. The monitoring of specified parameters for determining the belt gear slip is made by means of sensors located at predetermined locations from which data is processed by a PC. In the paper, the analytical calculation is processed, from which the values are compared with the values measured on the proposed device.
Acoustic Emission of Corroded Weldments During Tensile Test
Authors: Sustr Michal , Zacal Jaroslav , Dostal Peter , Cerny Oldrich , Pristavka Miroslav , Dobrocky David , Gaspar Stefan , Pasko Jan
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the use of acoustic emission to identify the formation of cracks during the mechanical loading in the corrosive attacked weldment S235JR+N. The experiment includes the methodology for continual record of emissive signals, data analysis and monitoring of material response to monitor mechanical stress effect in real time. There is possibility to observe response of corrosive degraded samples in real time during mechanical stress through the suitably designed methodology of detection, process and analysing of acoustic emission signals. It is possible to gain new information about processes rising inside the material by this way of data measurement. The signals of acoustic emission can be used as the way of identification for the micro cracks rising in the inner and also external structure of effortful materials.
Implementation of Integrated Management System in Order to Enhance Equipment Efficiency
Authors: Zaloga Viliam , Dyadyura Konstiantyn , Rybalka Iryna , Pandova Iveta
Published: December 2019

The main aim of presented article is to present methodology how sophisticated products as compressor equipment can be considered and analysed as a complex technical system which consists of jointly operating components – a set of hardware, software, operational staff and documented information. In process modelling, these components are interacting in different processes of inputs, outputs, mechanisms (resources) or management. Based on the regulatory requirements for each component of the system, a key efficiency indicator can be identified. This allows to control the process and make appropriate decisions to improve the system. The application of the proposed methodology for the development and implementation of an integrated management system reduce the cost of resources and significantly improve the quality of the implementation of processes.
Assessment of Production Process Capability in the Serial Production of Components for the Automotive Industry
Authors: Dobránsky Jozef , Pollák Martin , Doboš Zigmund
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the assessment of production process capability in the serial production of plastic components. The plastic component was used for analysis. Component is used in the automotive industry in car suspension shock absorbers. Assessing the capability of the product’s manufacturing process is very important. The aim of the present paper is to measure the dimensional characteristics of a thermoplastic product as a monitored quality feature. The analyzed product is manufactured in an eightfold injection mold by injection technology. The products from each injection mold cavity were considered separately. Process capability was assessed using capability indices. Process variability and centering were evaluated. Based on the analysis we can say that the production process is in excellent condition.
Electric-field assisted growth and mechanical bactericidal performance of ZnO nanoarrays with gradient morphologies
Authors: Xie Yuan , Wei Wei , Meng Fanbin , Qu Xi , Li Jinyang , Wang Li , Zhou Zuowan
Published: December 2019

In response to the widespread bacterial threat, mechanical bactericidal nanostructures with various morphologies have been reported for years. However, the relationship between morphology and bactericidal properties is still yet to be elucidated due to the lack of a fair comparison under similar density of the nanostructures. For this purpose, an electrical-field assisted hydrothermal growth method were utilized to prepare the ZnO nanoarrays with similar array density (1.9×109 rod·cm2-2.4 ×109 rod·cm2) but gradient morphologies from hexagonal prism, hexagonal prismoid to hexagonal pyramid on stainless steel sheets. Moreover, in dark condition, a bactericidal activity was observed on the ZnO nanoarray surfaces within 30 min contact for both E. coli and S. aureus cells. The bactericidal rate was rapidly enhanced as the average tip width of the nanorods decreasing from 137 to 38 nm. These results suggest that the hexagonal pyramid ZnO nanoarrays have a rapid, efficient and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity, which could contribute to the next-generation aquatic pathogens control strategies.
In situ capabilities of Small Angle X-ray Scattering
Authors: Feng Jinghua , Kriechbaum Manfred , Liu Li (Emily)
Published: December 2019

Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) is an ideal characterization tool to explore nanoscale systems. In order to investigate nanostructural changes of materials under realistic sample environments, it is essential to equip SAXS with diverse in situ capabilities based on the corresponding requirements. In this paper, we highlight the representative experimental setups and corresponding applications of five widely used in situ capabilities: temperature, pressure, stretching, flow-through, and electric field. Additionally, we also briefly introduce other four in situ techniques including humidity, high-throughput, rheology, and magnetic field.
Review of nano-phase effects in high strength and conductivity copper alloys
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Yi , Tian Baohong , Song Kexing , Liu Ping , Jia Yanlin , Chen Xiaohong , An Junchao , Zhao Zhuan , Liu Yong , Volinsky Alex A. , Li Xu , Yin Ting
Published: December 2019

Copper alloys and copper matrix composites have been attracting a lot of attention lately. Their composition design, preparation, and processing directly affect the final performance. In this review, several typical copper alloys, such as Cu-Fe-P, Cu-Ni-Si, and Cu-Cr-Zr are analyzed. The deformation mechanisms, microstructure evolution, and dynamic recrystallization behavior are summarized. In addition, dispersion strengthened copper matrix composites and graphene reinforced copper matrix composites are reviewed.
Market Power and Marginal Cost Effects in Competing Markets: Evidence from Airline Mergers
Authors: Le Huubinh B. , Yimga Jules
Published: December 2019

There are both market power and cost efficiency effects associated with airline mergers. Previous studies, however, have primarily focused on merger price effects, which is the net effect of these two forces. This paper attempts to decompose and measure these effects by using a model that allows us to derive proxies for market power and cost efficiency. In particular, we are interested in merger effects in markets where the merging airlines directly competed prior to their merger. We study two main mergers – Delta/Northwest and United/Continental – and find that both increase market power in markets where the merging airlines competed prior to merger. We also find evidence of marginal cost efficiencies associated with both mergers. These efficiency effects are relatively larger than the market power effects and come from different sources. In the case of the Delta/Northwest merger, efficiencies come from markets where the merging airlines competed prior to the merger, whereas in the case of United/Continental, they come from markets where the merging firms did not compete. The market power effects only stem from markets with pre-existing competition among merging airlines, perhaps due to the elimination of a competitor in those markets. These findings, thus, support the long-standing hypothesis that market power and efficiency are important in motivating horizontal mergers.
СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ РОЗВИТКУ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ МАЙСТЕРНОСТІ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН В УМОВАХ МАГІСТРАТУРИ
Authors: Romaniuk Oksana
Published: December 2019

У статті представлена структурно-функціональна модель розвитку педагогічної майстерності викладачів економічних дисциплін в умовах магістратури та здійснено її теоретичне обґрунтування, доведена доцільність її використання. Проаналізовано взаємопов’язані між собою блоки запропонованої моделі, а саме теоретичний, змістово-процесуальний та результативний. Представлено компоненти, критерії та рівні педагогічної майстерності.

У статті визначені такі підходи до розвитку педагогічної майстерності викладачів економічних дисциплін в умовах магістратури, як компетентнісний, психодидактичний, діяльнісний та інноваційний; охарактеризовані принципи, яких необхідно дотримуватися в процесі розвитку педагогічної майстерності викладачів економічних дисциплін в умовах магістратури, а саме професійної спрямованості, мотиваційного спрямування, суб’єктності, пріоритету активних методів навчання та інтерактивних технологій, опори на самостійну роботу студентів. На думку автора впровадження запропонованої структурно-функціональної моделі розвитку педагогічної майстерності в умовах магістратури дає можливість сформувати педагогічну компетентність викладачів економічних дисциплін, що є інтеграцією теоретичних знань, практичних умінь і важливих для викладача особистих якостей.
ВИХОВАННЯ САМОСТІЙНОСТІ У ДІТЕЙ ДОШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Dudnyk Nadiia
Published: December 2019

У статті розглянуто проблему виховання самостійності у дітей дошкільного віку як одного з основних освітніх завдань. Автор аналізує проблему з позиції досліджень психологічної та педагогічної науки, окреслює питання, які ставляться в процесі розвитку дитини дошкільного віку. Під час написання статті використовувався парадигмальний метод для розкриття освітнього потенціалу виховних засад розвитку самостійності як риси характеру особистості з позиції педагогічної науки; синергетичний метод для аргументації педагогічних ідей педагогів засобами нелінійних зв’язків між теоріями та концепціями сучасного виховання.

Автор виокремлює необхідність вироблення стратегії сучасної освіти, яка повинна створювати спеціальне розвивальне середовище, методичні умови для формування самостійності у дітей в дошкільному віці у процесі розвитку. Як психологічна передумова визначена емоційна складова, яка сприяє проявам суспільно корисних справ дошкільника, дає можливість дитині опанувати самостійно цілеспрямовану діяльність, розвивати комунікативні вміння у взаємодії з ровесниками. Визначено роль педагогів у створенні спеціально організованого розвивального середовища для прояву ініціативності у дітей у грі, вільній діяльності, на дидактичних заняттях. Обґрунтовано передумови формування самостійності дошкільників.
CHARITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN MEDIEVAL POLAND
Authors: Aftyka Leszek
Published: December 2019

Charity in the Christian tradition is a voluntary form of care and help, which consists in material support provided by wealthy people to the weak, poor and helpless.

The article discusses the most important form so institutional assistant ce provided by clergy, religious or dears, confraternities and corporations - guilds. In the Middle Ages, the greatest social problems were poverty, begging and vagrancy. The actual guardian of the poor was the bishop, where he was obliged to collect funds "provided by the faithful members during the monthly services, from the Sunday collection and imposed penitential penalties. All lay people who performed this task by giving alms to the needy were obliged to provide basic help to their neighbours.

Very important institutions that helped the needy were monasteries, especially those that had their own agricultural economy. Their duties included providing a one-off accommodation and a modest meal for travelers. The monks regularly supported local poor people, often playing the role of seasonal employers, e.g. during the harvest season.

Various fraternities and corporations – guilds were created in medieval cities. From their members they required observance of moral principles and the provision of Christian love to their fellow men. From the collected contributions, as well as from fines for breaking corporate rules or privileges, a fund for charity was created.These organizations were created primarily by craftsmen. One of the most important goals was to care for old and sick members, as well as their decent burial. Some corporations had their own hospitals and shelters.
ПСИХОСОМАТИЧНІ РОЗЛАДИ ЕНДОКРИННОЇ СИСТЕМИ У ДІТЕЙ ГІРСЬКОЇ МІСЦЕВОСТІ
Authors: Semak Оlena
Published: December 2019

Стаття має за мету визначити поширеність психосоматичних розладів ендокринної системи у дітей, що проживають в гірській місцевості та проаналізувати їх зв'язок з культурними традиціями і умовами життя. У горян спостерігаються специфічні психофізіологічні стани і недуги. Їх причиною виступає унікальне сполучення кліматичних і соціальних умов, яке напружує адаптаційні механізми, зумовлює порушення функціонування органів і систем. Тому вивчення проблем охорони здоров’я дітей гірської місцевості важливе як в загальнонауковому, так і в практичному аспекті. Особливий інтерес викликають захворювання ендокринної системи, що у тісному зв’язку з нервовою системою забезпечує нейрогуморальну регуляцію всіх життєвих функцій і підтримку гомеостазу організму. Автор виходить з визнання вагомої ролі психологічного фактору у виникненні тілесних захворювань. В роботі здійснено теоретичний аналіз проблеми: узагальнені дані щодо основних відомих причин виникнення психосоматичних розладів у дітей, наведені існуючі клінічні дані про розповсюдженість ендокринних хвороб в гірських районах, надане їх тлумачення з точки зору психогенних причин. Виділені специфічні механізми захворювань, спричинені впливом складних умов життя та формування особистості в Українських Карпатах. Обґрунтований висновок про необхідність відповідної психопрофілактичної роботи та її можливі напрями.