bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The competences of the editor-in-chief of a scientific journal: gaps and trends
Authors: Fontes Ilda , Menegon Letícia Fantinato
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Considering the centrality of the editor-in-chief in the scientific editorial process, this research aimed to investigate what are (if any) the gaps in the current competencies and the future competencies of this professional, according to the evolution of the journals business model.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative research method was used, seeking a deeper understanding of the studied group and their professional skills in a practical way. The epistemological approach of pragmatism was adopted, and the semi-structured interview technique was used with a sample of 29 interviews.

Findings

The survey results revealed that the editor-in-chief learns his métier on a daily basis, on-the-job, as a result of a lack of prior preparation, due to the absence of structured training of these professionals. The study showed a change in the competencies of the editor-in-chief, but influenced beyond the scientific business model, involving a broader contemporary scenario of high complexity. Finally, it also contributes by highlighting important skills trends for the editor-in-chief.

Practical implications

It is expected that the results of this research will contribute to institutionalize training and skills development programs for the editor-in-chief and, consequently, for professionalization for the editor-in-chief.

Originality/value

This study deals, for the first time, specifically with the editor-in-chief's skills, where other studies focus on role, functions and responsibilities.
Transformational change process in a large corporation – case of a prominent Indian public sector undertaking
Authors: Lather Anu Singh , Jain Shilpa , Verma Yogesh
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study aims to discuss what prompted this organization to embark on the journey of transformational change, challenges faced strategies adopted to overcome challenges, leadership role and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The descriptive approach is used to comprehend the transformational change process in this gigantic public sector undertaking (PSU). To have an idea of the effectiveness of the change process, the pre- and post-change performance of the company was taken into account through collection and analysis of physical and financial parameters. However, focus of this paper is concentrated on the transformation process and its chronological sequence only. Human resource productivity trend and organization development interventions adopted over the years were also observed along with conducting a sentiment analysis of the employees who lived through this entire change process in the organization.

Findings

The case study describes how this Indian PSU went through the process of transformational change management and leaves the reader to assess the degree and extent of success of the approach and strategy of the company in this regard. There may be many what-if situations and contingencies in this case for readers to explore for suggestions and solutions and finding new possibilities.

Originality/value

Change management is not a new exercise for the Indian corporate sector. What makes this case unique is the pro-active action initiated by a traditional high-performing and well-protected PSU to anticipate the future challenges and initiate action to overcome these. Change agents must “rewire” the plane while it is flying if the organization hopes to survive and perhaps prosper in the future. This case study is a first-hand account of the change process happening in a gigantic Indian PSU with Maharatna status.
Immune response variations and intestinal flora changes in mastitis induced by three Streptococcus uberis strains
Authors: Fu Shaodong , Zhou Yuanyuan , Qiu Yawei , Chen Wei , Zhang Jinqiu , Miao Jinfeng
Published: November 2021

Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of mastitis. The pathogenicity among different strains of S. uberis and the resultant host immune responses remain to be elucidated. Herein, we document immune responses among three strains of S. uberis, and preliminary explore whether and how intestinal immunity plays a role in host anti‐infection processes. Mice have been proved to be effective experimental animals for bovine mastitis, so utilizing a mouse intramammary infection model, we assay immune responses and gut flora changes of three S. uberis strains by histopathologic examination, RT‐PCR, Western blot, and 16s ribosomal DNA sequencing. We find that the immune responses among the three sequence‐type (ST) S. uberis strains may be linked to the hasA/B and lbp virulence genes, and the beta diversity of the intestine may be independent of the ST of S. uberis. Twenty phyla and 30 genera of intestinal flora were identified, with Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia being the most prominent phylum and genus, respectively. These bacteria have strong anti‐inflammatory and protective effects against S. uberis challenge. These data provide a foundation for further studies to elucidate gut flora function and exploration of therapeutic targets for mastitis.
Answering Causal Questions: Angrist, Imbens and the Nobel Prize
Authors: Mealli Fabrizia
Published: November 2021

This year's Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens for their research showing how natural experiments can be used to answer causal questions. Card was cited for his “empirical contributions to labour economics”, while Angrist and Imbens were cited for their “methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships”. Here, Fabrizia Mealli explains the work of Angrist and Imbens, and how it has helped to transform the study of key policy questions in areas including education, immigration and labour markets
Repurposing phytochemicals as anti‐virulent agents to attenuate quorum sensing‐regulated virulence factors and biofilm formation inPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Chadha Jatin , Harjai Kusum , Chhibber Sanjay
Published: November 2021

Unregulated consumption and overexploitation of antibiotics have paved the way for emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains and ‘superbugs’.Pseudomonas aeruginosais among the opportunistic nosocomial pathogens causing devastating infections in clinical set‐ups globally. Its artillery equipped with diversified virulence elements, extensive antibiotic resistance and biofilms has made it a ‘hard‐to‐treat’ pathogen. The pathogenicity ofP. aeruginosais modulated by an intricate cell density‐dependent mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). The virulence artillery ofP. aeruginosais firmly controlled by QS genes, and their expression drives the aggressiveness of the infection. Attempts to identify and develop novel antimicrobials have seen a sharp rise in the past decade. Among different proposed mechanisms, a novelanti‐virulence approachto target pseudomonal infections by virtue of anti‐QS and anti‐biofilm drugs appears to occupy the centre stage. In this respect, bioactive phytochemicals have gained prominence among the scientific community owing to their significant quorum quenching (QQ) properties. Recent studies have shed light on the QQ activities of various phytochemicals and other drugs in perturbing the QS‐dependent virulence inP. aeruginosa. This review highlights the recent evidences that reinforce the application of plant bioactives for combating pseudomonal infections, their advantages and shortcomings in anti‐virulence therapy.
A Practical Proposal to end Corporate Tax Abuse: METR, a Minimum Effective Tax Rate for Multinationals
Authors: Cobham Alex , Faccio Tommaso , Garcia‐Bernardo Javier , Janský Petr , Kadet Jeffery , Picciotto Sol
Published: November 2021

An initiative is needed to break the logjam in the international negotiations to reform taxation of multinational enterprises (MNEs). The explosion of profit shifting observed since the 1990s has resulted in hundreds of billions of dollars of tax revenues being lost around the world each year – but reform efforts have thus far failed to deliver measurable progress on the primary agreed goal of better aligning MNEs' taxable profits with the location of their real economic activity. More recently, countries have committed also to ensure that MNEs’ global profits are subject to a minimum effective tax rate, but international agreement depends on designing an approach that can gain wide support. Our proposal for a minimum effective tax rate (METR) could be applied to MNEs by any countries that choose to do so, whether they are home to MNEs, host of MNEs, or both. The METR would be compatible with existing tax treaties, but being non‐discriminatory it also complies with other international obligations and could be introduced unilaterally. Economic modelling shows the METR would deliver major revenue gains for participating countries, and adoption would also contribute to, rather than impede, momentum for a more comprehensive multilateral agreement.
Patients' views and experiences of live supervised tele‐exercise classes following bariatric surgery during the COVID‐19 pandemic: The BARI‐LIFESTYLE qualitative study
Authors: Jassil Friedrich C. , Richards Rebecca , Carnemolla Alisia , Lewis Neville , Montagut‐Pino Gemma , Kingett Helen , Doyle Jacqueline , Kirk Amy , Brown Adrian , Chaiyasoot Kusuma , Devalia Kalpana , Parmar Chetan , Batterham Rachel L.
Published: November 2021

The BARI‐LIFESTYLE trial is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a post‐surgery nutritional and behavioural tele‐counselling, and supervised exercise programme to maximize the health benefits of bariatric surgery. Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the in‐person supervised exercise component had to be converted to remote tele‐exercise. However, patients' acceptability of this method of exercise provision is unknown. Between 3 and 6 months following bariatric surgery, 13 adults participated in weekly, structured, 60‐min supervised exercise classes delivered via Zoom by a trained exercise therapist. A total of 12 participants (n = 8 female), with a mean age of 46.3 (range 33–63) years, who had undergone either sleeve gastrectomy (n = 8) or Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (n = 4) surgery, participated in one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews following the tele‐exercise classes. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants described how the tele‐exercise classes helped them to cope with the changes to their lives brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants found the tele‐exercise schedule, content and intensity to be acceptable, and were satisfied with the privacy, security and safety of the technology and classes. Professional supervision and guidance from an exercise therapist were described as central to the tele‐exercise provision. Importantly, participation in the tele‐exercise provided physical, emotional and social benefits. Few participants reported barriers to participation. Overall, the tele‐exercise classes were deemed acceptable and compared favourably to in‐person exercise classes.
Heterogeneity in transplant center responses to the minimum acceptance criteria across UNOS regions
Authors: Roth Eve M. , Haque Omar J. , Yuan Qing , Kotton Camille N. , Markmann James F. , Eckhoff Devin E. , Elias Nahel
Published: November 2021

Transplantation of organs from increased risk donors for infection transmission (IRDs) is increasing. These organs confer survival benefit to recipients. This study examined transplant center acceptance policies for IRD kidneys across United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) regions, based on transplant centers’ annual responses to the Minimum Acceptance Criteria (MAC) for acceptance of IRD kidneys, and the association with national and regional IRD kidney utilization. De‐identified MAC responses from all transplant centers in the United States from 2007 to 2019 were obtained. Implementation of MAC responses into practice was evaluated based on annual rates of recovery and transplantation of IRD kidneys, by MAC and UNOS region. Nationally, the number of transplant centers willing to accept IRD kidneys across all criteria increased from 22% in 2007 to 64% in 2019. Acceptance rates increased markedly from donors with intravenous drug use and other potential HIV exposures. However, significant heterogeneity exists in transplant center willingness to accept IRD kidneys, both regionally and between criteria. Trends towards increasing acceptance are strongly associated with higher rates of recovery and transplantation of IRD kidneys. Further research on provider‐ and center‐based refusal to consider IRD kidneys for waitlisted patients is needed to improve utilization of this organ pool.
Dental Continuing Professional Development – Part I: Background on Dental Continuing Professional Development in Europe
Authors: Meli Attard Ann , Bartolo Adam , Millar Brian J.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is mandatory in most European countries and evidence shows a move towards mandatory CPD across all Member States in the near future. Malta is one of seven Member States where dental CPD is still voluntary.

Discussion

Although dental CPD is a legal requirement for recertification in many countries, integral aspects of dental CPD remain under debate, like whether CPD is truly effective. This is because the methods with which CPD programmes are evaluated are not sufficiently robust to give concrete evidence to determine whether CPD will actually improve quality of care, treatment outcomes and safety for the public. Evaluating the effect of CPD programmes on the public is an extremely difficult task that would require an enormous amount of resources and logistics. The minimum requirements for the number of compulsory CPD hours imposed by regulatory bodies are not evidence‐based but purely arbitrary, and the core topics selected for CPD programmes, although supported by research to some extent, may not reflect the public's and profession's needs.

The Dental Association of Malta recognised need for further research on dental CPD and embarked on a 3‐year Dental CPD Research Project. This project will be presented in a two‐part series of articles. This first article is focused on the background of dental CPD in Europe. An understanding of the current issues with CPD and flaws in methods of evaluation formed the basis of the Malta CPD Pilot Project, which will be covered in the next paper.
Orofacial pain among Chinese older adults in the last year of life
Authors: Pei Yaolin , Qi Xiang , Chen Xi , Wu Bei
Published: November 2021

Objective

To examine the prevalence of orofacial pain and associated factors in Chinese older adults at the end of life.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 1646 participants (65 years or older) in their last year of life from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used the 6‐month prevalence questions to measure two specific orofacial pain symptoms: toothache, and jaw or facial pain. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors, such as socioeconomic status, health behaviours and chronic diseases, that were associated with these two orofacial pain symptoms in the last year of life.

Results

The 6‐month prevalence estimates for toothache and jaw pain or facial pain for older adults in the last year of life were 14.1% and 4.5% respectively. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with lower odds of toothache and jaw pain or facial pain. Smoking was associated with high odds of toothache. Participants who brushed their teeth at least once a day were more likely to have toothache and jaw or facial pain than those who did not. Having any chronic conditions was associated with higher odds of toothache and jaw or facial pain. Older adults who had at least one tooth were more likely to have jaw or facial pain than those without any teeth.

Conclusion

A considerable proportion of Chinese older adults in their last year of life reported toothache and/or jaw pain or facial pain. These findings suggest that appropriate measures need to be taken to address the oral health needs in these vulnerable individuals, especially those of low socioeconomic status and chronic conditions.
El género y la COVID‐19: trabajadoras y trabajadores en las cadenas mundiales de valor
Authors: TEJANI Sheba , FUKUDA‐PARR Sakiko
Published: November 2021

Este artículo plantea un marco para analizar el impacto diferenciado de la COVID‐19 según el género en las cadenas mundiales de valor de la confección, la electrónica y la externalización de procesos empresariales. Se distingue entre efectos derivados de las repercusiones sobre la salud y derivados de los confinamientos, y entre consecuencias de la interrupción de suministros y de la contracción de la demanda, a partir de una visión multidimensional del bienestar, considerando las esferas productiva y reproductiva, así como las normas sociales y las estructuras de poder que producen desigualdades de género. Se observa que la pandemia expone y amplifica las vulnerabilidades de las trabajadoras en las cadenas mundiales de valor.
Valuing and Supporting Introverted Students in the Virtual Design Classroom
Authors: Callahan Kristin
Published: November 2021

In‐person, introverted students fade into the background. Online they disappear. Typically, introverts are expected to conform, but it’s valuable to allow them to participate on their terms. Thoughtful introverts synthesise information and share feedback based on deep reflection, which is valuable to the design process. This article discusses how to support introverted students in the virtual design classroom. It addresses the challenges of the digital environment and presents strategies to engage students in activities and collaboration. Considering the needs of the full spectrum of learners in the virtual space offers faculty the opportunity to create an inclusive and equitable learning environment.
Taking Art School Online in Response to COVID 19: From Rapid Response to Realising Potential
Authors: Charters Mark , Murphy Correy
Published: November 2021

In response to COVID 19 higher education worldwide underwent a rapid shift, moving learning and teaching to the online environment. This shift in pedagogy and practice fundamentally challenged a number of disciplines and disciplinary norms, none more so than studio‐based art and design institutions. As a result, academic staff and those in professional service roles were required to rapidly engage with digital technologies with which they were unfamiliar, adjusting their pedagogic approach and innovating within the online environment. This article presents a small‐scale study investigating the impact of this rapid change on a small specialist studio‐based higher education institution which prioritises physical making and in person teaching within its educational provision. The study focused on how the shift influenced the perceptions and practices of teaching and professional support staff in their use of learning technologies and what newly adopted approaches to technology enhanced art and design education may likely continue post COVID 19.
Innovating through Hybridisation: Art‐Based Pedagogy in Leadership Development
Authors: Holtham Clive , Biagioli Monica
Published: November 2021

This study outlines a multi‐year collaboration journey between academics in two widely disparate disciplines: art/design and business/management. Eventually this culminated in co‐designing and co‐developing a folded paper zine, and related processes, to improve private reflective practice, particularly of managers and students of management. This zine co‐design journey was articulated through the lens of Schumpeter’s hybridity perspective ‘new combinations’, in the context of transdisciplinarity. As both commercial and social organisations face increasing complexity and uncertainty, the rationally oriented tools developed for planning and decision‐making in more stable times need to be augmented by those which assume or even welcome ambiguity and not‐knowing. This creates an opportunity to draw on art‐based methods such as zines, given that the arts acknowledge, value and address such uncertainty.
Intra‐industry spillover effects: Evidence from bankruptcy filings
Authors: Le Nhan , Ngo Phong T.H.
Published: November 2021

Firms contract capital expenditure, reduce new debt issuance and face a higher cost of debt following the bankruptcy of an industry peer. The spillover effect declines with industrial distance and strengthens with the saliency of the bankruptcy. Furthermore, industries that are externally financially dependent are more vulnerable to the contagion effect. The investment contraction is not driven by industry asset reallocation, the presence of distressed firms or strategic competitive behavior by peers. We establish causality by identifying idiosyncratic bankruptcies and implementing an instrumental variable estimation to mitigate the confounding effect of general industry conditions.
Genetics of tolerance to heat stress in milk yield of dairy buffaloes assessed by a reaction norm model
Authors: Stefani Gabriela , Santana Júnior Mário Luiz , El Faro Lenira , Tonhati Humberto
Published: November 2021

The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of heat stress on the milk yield and investigate the presence of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in Brazilian Murrah buffaloes reared under tropical conditions. With this, 58,070 test‐day (TD) records for milk yield from 3,459 first lactations of buffaloes collected between 1987 and 2018 were evaluated. A mixed model considering days in milk (DIM) and temperature–humidity index (THI) was applied to quantify milk yield losses due to heat stress. The most detrimental effect of THI on TD milk yield was observed in the mid‐stages of lactation, after lactation peak, in DIM 105–154 and 155–204 days (−0.020 and −0.015 kg/day per THI, respectively). The least‐squares means of TD milk yield were used to identify a heat stress threshold using a piecewise linear regression model. A substantial reduction in TD milk yield due to heat stress was observed for THI values above 77.8 (−0.251 kg/day per increase of 1 THI unit). An analysis using a single‐trait random regression animal model was carried out to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for TD milk yield over THI and DIM values. Increased additive genetic variance and heritability estimates were observed for extreme THI values (THI = 60 and 80) combined with mid‐lactation stages. The lowest genetic correlation (0.50) was observed between TD records at opposite extremes of the THI scale (THI = 60 vs. THI = 80). The genetic trends observed for the regression coefficients related to the general level of production (0.02) and specific ability to respond to heat stress (−0.002) indicated that selection to increase milk yield did not affect the specific ability to respond to heat stress until the present moment. These trends reflect the low genetic correlation between these components (0.05 ± 0.14). In this sense, monitoring trends of genetic components related to response to heat stress is recommended.
Clinical benefits of empagliflozin in very old patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for acute heart failure
Authors: Pérez‐Belmonte Luis M. , Sanz‐Cánovas Jaime , Millán‐Gómez Mercedes , Osuna‐Sánchez Julio , López‐Sampalo Almudena , Ricci Michele , Jiménez‐Navarro Manuel , López‐Carmona Maria D. , Bernal‐López María Rosa , Barbancho Miguel A. , Lara José P. , Gómez‐Huelgas Ricardo
Published: November 2021

Background

There is little evidence on the use of sodium−glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in older patients with heart failure. This work analyzed the clinical efficacy and safety of empagliflozin continuation in very old patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure.

Methods

We conducted a real‐world observational study between September 2015 and June 2021. Patients ≥80 years were grouped by antihyperglycemic regimen: (1) continuation of preadmission empagliflozin combined with basal insulin regimen and (2) conventional basal‐bolus insulin regimen. A propensity score matching analysis matched patients in both groups in a 1:1 manner. The primary outcome was differences in clinical efficacy measured by the visual analogue scale dyspnea score, NT‐proBNP levels, diuretic response, and cumulative urine output. Safety endpoints such as adverse events, worsening heart failure, discontinuation of empagliflozin, length of hospital stay, and in‐hospital deaths were also analyzed.

Results

After propensity score matching, 79 patients were included in each group. At discharge, the N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels were lower in the empagliflozin continuation group than in the insulin group (1699 ± 522 vs. 2303 ± 598 pg/ml, p = 0.021). Both the diuretic response and cumulative urine output were greater in patients treated with empagliflozin than in patients with basal‐bolus insulin during the hospitalization (at discharge: −0.14 ± −0.06 vs. −0.24 ± −0.10, p = 0.044; and 16,100 ± 1510 vs. 13,900 ± 1220 ml, p = 0.037, respectively). No differences were observed in safety outcomes.

Conclusions

In very old patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized for acute heart failure, continuing preadmission empagliflozin reduced NT‐proBNP levels and increased diuretic response and urine output compared to a basal‐bolus insulin regimen. The empagliflozin regimen also showed a good safety profile.
Pecan‐enriched diets increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at‐risk for cardiovascular disease in a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Guarneiri Liana L. , Paton Chad M. , Cooper Jamie A.
Published: November 2021

Background

Research indicates that diets enriched with unsaturated fatty acids improve energy metabolism, although studies on tree nuts, which are a rich source of those fats, are limited. The present study aimed to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on energy metabolism in adults with hypercholesterolaemia or at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (body mass index ≥ 28 kg m–2).

Methods

For this randomised, controlled trial, 56 sedentary adults were randomised into one of three treatments for an 8‐week intervention: two pecan groups and a nut‐free control group (n = 18). The ADD group (n = 16) consumed pecans as part of a free‐living diet, whereas the SUB group (n = 18) substituted the pecans for isocaloric foods from their habitual diet. At baseline and 8 weeks, a high saturated fat meal was consumed along with indirect calorimetry measurements at fasting and for 4 h postprandially to determine changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR), diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) and substrate utilisation (primary outcomes). Forty‐seven participants completed the trial and were included in analyses.

Results

In the SUB group, there was an increase in fasting RMR (1607 ± 117 to 1701 ± 114 kcal day–1; p = 0.01) and fasting fat oxidation (0.83 ± 0.08 to 0.99 ± 0.08 g/15 min; p = 0.009) and a decrease in fasting respiratory exchange ratio (0.85 ± 0.01 to 0.83 ± 0.01; p = 0.05) from pre‐ to post‐intervention. In the ADD group, there was an increase in postprandial DIT (p < 0.001). There were no changes within the control group or between groups for any outcome measure.

Conclusions

Daily consumption of pecans may increase select measures of energy expenditure and fat oxidation in adults at‐risk for CVD.
Eliminating the Tax Shield through Allowance for Corporate Equity: Cross‐Border Credit Supply Effects
Authors: BISWAS SONNY , HORVÁTH BÁLINT L. , ZHAI WEI
Published: November 2021

This paper studies how the elimination of the corporate tax bias on bank leverage affects banks' credit provisioning using a quasi‐natural experiment, the introduction of an allowance for corporate equity (ACE) in Belgium. We find that affected banks increased their contribution within cross‐border syndicated loan facilities relative to other foreign banks, and that this effect was stronger for relatively safe borrowers. We estimate that Belgian bank‐led loans had on average 20–50 basis points lower spreads when ACE was in effect. Finally, our results suggest a relatively large, positive credit supply effect domestically.
Clinical Practice Guidelines That Address Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Xiao , Li Hanbing , Zhao Qian , Han Rongrong , Xiang Zhixuan , Gao Lingling
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Physical activity is recommended for healthy pregnant women. Clinical practice guidelines vary with regard to initial time, duration, or type of physical activity that is recommended, which is confusing for health care professionals and pregnant women alike. This study aimed to appraise clinical guidelines relevant to physical activity for pregnant women and summarize consensus and discrepant recommendations.

Methods

The websites of organizations that develop guidelines including those of obstetricians, gynecologists, midwives, and medical sports associations were searched in addition to 9 literature databases for the period from January 2010 through November 2020. Guidelines were included if they were published in a journal or on a website in English or Chinese; were labeled as a recommendation guideline, position paper, practice parameter, or consensus statement; and addressed physical activity for pregnant women. Two authors independently extracted recommendations. Four reviewers independently assessed guideline quality using the AGREE II instrument.

Results

Thirteen guidelines met the inclusion criteria. The guidelines developed by the World Health Organization and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence were deemed to have the highest methodological quality. The recommendations were consistent with regard to recommended exercise duration, frequency, intensity, and type of physical activity. The main discrepant recommendations included best tools for conducting pre‐exercise screening and assessing intensity of exertion. Guidelines also differ on optimal heart rate during exercise, when in pregnancy to initiate an exercise regimen, and duration or frequency of strengthening exercises.

Discussion

Of the 13 guidelines, 2 were found to have good methodological quality. The recommendations that were consistent across the differing guidelines can support health care providers in counseling women about physical activity during pregnancy. The recommendations that are discrepant among these guidelines may contribute to confusion and a reluctance to recommend exercise during pregnancy. Research is needed to clarify discrepant recommendations.
Predictors for psychological distress of young burn survivors across three years: A cohort study of a burn disaster in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Lu‐Yen Anny , Wu Chia‐Yi , Lee Ming‐Been , Lin Chi‐Hung , Kao Shu‐Chen , Tu Chung‐Chieh , Chen Ran‐Chou
Published: November 2021

Purpose

The study aims to investigate long‐term psychological distress and its risk factors in the burn survivors.

Design

A longitudinal study with follow‐up interviews was conducted from November 2015–June 2018. A post‐burn baseline interview was conducted 6 months after the event, followed by annual surveys for three years.

Methods

The burn survivors received structured assessment through telephone in the four‐wave interviews, including the five‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS‐5); two‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2); four‐item Startle, Physiological Arousal, Anger, and Numbness Scale (SPAN‐4); and six‐item Impact of Event Scale (IES‐6) alongside demographic data and other health‐related assessment.

Findings

A total of 180 respondents with the mean age of 23 years old completed the four waves of interview. Using the BSRS‐5 as the outcome, each variable had different input in psychological distress during the follow‐up years. The main finding was that the SPAN‐4 score could predict more than 62% of psychological distress between 6 months and 3 years after the disaster. The generalized estimating equation demonstrated that SPAN‐4, IES‐6, family functioning impairment, hypnotics use, adaptation to the event, and PHQ‐2 could predict psychological distress. However, the variable of follow‐up year did not exemplify significant estimation in the model.

Conclusions

The results indicated that different factors had various influences on psychological distress across the four follow‐up stages. PTSD‐like symptoms, depression, and anxiety were the most common psychological problems experienced by the young burn cohort in the longitudinal post‐traumatic period.

Clinical relevance

Healthcare providers should be aware of psychological consequences of traumatic events within up to a 3‐year post‐burn period, particularly post‐traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms.
Correlation of human perception in swallowing with extension rheological and tribological characteristics in comparison with shear rheology
Authors: Funami Takahiro , Nakauma Makoto
Published: November 2021

Correlation was investigated between instrumental characteristics obtained by extension rheological or tribological measurements and human perception while swallowing using aqueous solutions of xanthan gum and locust bean gum. Extension viscosity and the friction coefficient were measured using a capillary breakup rheometer and a rotation tribometer, respectively, as in our previous study. Results were compared with shear viscosity to clarify novelty and advantage of these mechanical parameters. It was indicated that perceived cohesiveness correlated the highest with the maximum extension viscosity immediately after the onset of extensional flow, perceived spinnability correlated with extension viscosity in high Hencky strain region, and perceived sliminess correlated with the friction coefficient at the critical point between the boundary lubrication and the mixed lubrication. These correlations were discussed and tried to validate considering biomechanics of human swallowing and food–human interactions.
A point mutation and large deletion at the candidate avirulence locus AvrMlp7 in the poplar rust fungus correlate with poplar RMlp7 resistance breakdown
Authors: Louet Clémentine , Saubin Méline , Andrieux Axelle , Persoons Antoine , Gorse Mathilde , Pétrowski Jérémy , Fabre Bénédicte , De Mita Stéphane , Duplessis Sébastien , Frey Pascal , Halkett Fabien
Published: November 2021

The deployment of plant varieties carrying resistance genes (R) exerts strong selection pressure on pathogen populations. Rapidly evolving avirulence genes (Avr) allow pathogens to escape R‐mediated plant immunity through a variety of mechanisms, leading to virulence. The poplar rust fungus Melampsora larici‐populina is a damaging pathogen of poplars in Europe. It underwent a major adaptive event in 1994, with the breakdown of the poplar RMlp7 resistance gene. Population genomics studies identified a locus in the genome of M. larici‐populina that probably corresponds to the candidate avirulence gene AvrMlp7. Here, to further characterize this effector, we used a population genetics approach on a comprehensive set of 281 individuals recovered throughout a 28‐year period encompassing the resistance breakdown event. Using two dedicated molecular tools, genotyping at the candidate locus highlighted two different alterations of a predominant allele found mainly before the resistance breakdown: a nonsynonymous mutation and a complete deletion of this locus. This results in six diploid genotypes: three genotypes related to the avirulent phenotype and three related to the virulent phenotype. The temporal survey of the candidate locus revealed that both alterations were found in association during the resistance breakdown event. They pre‐existed before the breakdown in a heterozygous state with the predominant allele cited above. Altogether, these results suggest that the association of both alterations at the candidate locus AvrMlp7 drove the poplar rust adaptation to RMlp7‐mediated immunity. This study demonstrates for the first time a case of adaptation from standing genetic variation in rust fungi during a qualitative resistance breakdown.
Patient‐present teaching: Recasting roles for patients, learners and educators
Authors: Dalwood Narelle , Pritchard Shane A. , Blackstock Felicity
Published: November 2021

The authors suggest that merging patient co‐designed simulation with patient‐present teaching may help the spotlight remain on patient‐centred care during student‐centred learning.
Why was Keynes not awarded the Nobel Peace Prize after writing The Economic Consequences of the Peace?*
Authors: Jonung Lars
Published: November 2021

John Maynard Keynes became famous with The Economic Consequences of the Peace published in 1919, a harsh critique of the Versailles peace treaty. As a consequence, Keynes was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922, 1923, and 1924, and evaluated in advisory reports for the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian parliament. This paper summarizes these appreciative reports. The appraiser even informed Keynes that he was “one of the foremost candidates proposed for the Nobel Peace Prize”. Still, the Prize was not awarded to him. This paper ends with a speculative answer to why the Prize was not given to Keynes.
The Valence Side of the EU: EU Issue Voting in the Aftermath of the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: Carrieri Luca , Angelucci Davide
Published: November 2021

In the aftermath of the Euro crisis, EU issues have increasingly affected electoral behaviour, explaining a sizable shift in votes from the Europhile to Eurosceptic parties. This paper advances the argument that EU issue voting is not entirely encompassed in a divisive (pro‐/anti‐) EU dimension, testing the hypothesis that a EU valence voting is currently conditioning electoral behaviour. In particular, we posit that voters support parties evaluating their credibility in achieving not only EU positional goals (‘leave/remain’ in the EU), but also EU valence ones (i.e., making the country count more in Europe). Furthermore, we assess which parties – pro‐/anti‐EU – are more likely to be supported on the basis of this valence issue. Based on survey data from France (2017) and Italy (2018), we found that the EU valence issue is an important voting predictor, with pro‐EU parties mainly benefitting from it.
Sustainability, Study Abroad, and Curricular Revisions in the Face of Global Crises
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2021

As language pedagogy evolves and the pressure to articulate the value of the humanities in undergraduate education mounts, new curricular models are needed more than ever. The course “Sustainability in Germany: Recreation, Education, Innovation” is a response to that need. Originally designed to include a short‐term study abroad component, the course was transformed during the COVID‐19 pandemic into a completely virtual learning experience. This article outlines pedagogical approaches and curricular materials for teaching students about sustainability in Germany in a virtual format. Designed to encourage intermediate‐ and advanced‐level learners of German to apply their linguistic skills and cultural knowledge, this course puts sustainability education, intercultural competence, experiential learning, and language practice at its core.
Scientific Models and Political Theory: The Ideal Theory Debate Revisited
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M.
Published: November 2021

Political philosophy has traditionally been defined as a normative discipline with a distinctively ideal component, largely informed by moral philosophy. In this paper, I investigate a prominent critique of ideal theory specifically with the goal of resituating the debate within a larger framework in the philosophy of science. I then mount a novel case for how ideal theory should be viewed in terms of scientific modelling. I close with a discussion of how this view can dissolve apparent paradoxes and provide distinct advantages to the political theorist.
Cervical cancer in pregnancy: diagnosis, staging and treatment
Authors: Howe Tamara , Lankester Kate , Kelly Tony , Watkins Ryan , Kaushik Sonali
Published: November 2021

Key Content

Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological malignancy diagnosed in pregnancy.

Cancer symptoms may mimic complications of pregnancy, thus delaying diagnosis.

Staging of cervical cancer in pregnancy is essential to determine an individual management plan.

Treatment of cervical cancer in pregnancy is complex and depends on the stage of cancer and the gestation of the pregnancy.

Involvement of a multidisciplinary team is essential in the care of a woman with cervical cancer in pregnancy.

Learning Objectives

To understand how to diagnose, stage and treat cervical cancer in pregnancy.

To know the risks to the fetus in each trimester, with regard to the various surgical and chemotherapeutic options available to treat cervical cancer in pregnancy.

To understand the psychological effects on a woman of a cancer diagnosis in pregnancy.

Ethical Issues

How should maternal and fetal risks be balanced while investigating and treating cervical cancer in pregnancy?

Consideration of termination of pregnancy to allow timely treatment, alternatively risking delay in treatment and progression of disease.
The perennial fruit tree proteogenomics atlas: a spatial map of the sweet cherry proteome and transcriptome
Authors: Xanthopoulou Aliki , Moysiadis Theodoros , Bazakos Christos , Karagiannis Evangelos , Karamichali Ioanna , Stamatakis George , Samiotaki Martina , Manioudaki Maria , Michailidis Michail , Madesis Panagiotis , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Molassiotis Athanassios , Tanou Georgia
Published: November 2021

Genome‐wide transcriptome analysis provides systems‐level insights into plant biology. Due to the limited depth of quantitative proteomics our understanding of gene–protein–complex stoichiometry is largely unknown in plants. Recently, the complexity of the proteome and its cell‐/tissue‐specific distribution have boosted the research community to the integration of transcriptomics and proteomics landscapes in a proteogenomic approach. Herein, we generated a quantitative proteome and transcriptome abundance atlas of 15 major sweet cherry (Prunus avium L., cv 'Tragana Edessis') tissues represented by 29 247 genes and 7584 proteins. Additionally, 199 984 alternative splicing events, particularly exon skipping and alternative 3′ splicing, were identified in 23 383 transcribed regions of the analyzed tissues. Common signatures as well as differences between mRNA and protein quantities, including genes encoding transcription factors and allergens, within and across the different tissues are reported. Using our integrated dataset, we identified key putative regulators of fruit development, notably genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and flavonoids. We also provide proteogenomic‐based evidence for the involvement of ethylene signaling and pectin degradation in cherry fruit ripening. Moreover, clusters of genes and proteins with similar and different expression and suppression trends across diverse tissues and developmental stages revealed a relatively low RNA abundance‐to‐protein correlation. The present proteogenomic analysis allows us to identify 17 novel sweet cherry proteins without prior protein‐level annotation evidenced in the currently available databases. To facilitate use by the community, we also developed the Sweet Cherry Atlas Database (https://grcherrydb.com/) for viewing and data mining these resources. This work provides new insights into the proteogenomics workflow in plants and a rich knowledge resource for future investigation of gene and protein functions in Prunus species.
Influence of substrate temperature on graphene oxide thin films synthesis by laser ablation technique
Authors: Lopez Juan D. , Castellanos Manuel A. , Riascos Henry
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we studied the influence of the substrate temperature (Ts) on the deposition of carbon thin films by the pulsed laser deposition technique. Thin films were synthesized using a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite target, which was irradiated by the fundamental harmonic (1064 nm) of a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. In the experimental conditions, the Ts varied from room temperature to 500 °C, the gas pressure (oxygen, 50 mTorr) remained the same for all samples, and the ablation time was 5 min for each thin film. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle measurement. The characterization results allowed us to determine that the thin films deposited on silicon substrates at 400 and 500 °C (samples S1 and S2) were multilayers graphene oxide. From XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR results, we concluded that the degree of oxidation and graphitization of the carbon thin films were influenced by the Ts. Additionally, the contact angle measurement showed that for samples S1 and S2, the contact angle was greater than 94°, and for samples S3 and S4 (amorphous carbon), it was less than 62°.
Searching for superconductivity in high entropy oxide Ruddlesden–Popper cuprate films
Authors: Mazza Alessandro R. , Gao Xingyao , Rossi Daniel J. , Musico Brianna L. , Valentine Tyler W. , Kennedy Zachary , Zhang Jie , Lapano Jason , Keppens Veerle , Moore Robert G. , Brahlek Matthew , Rost Christina M. , Ward Thomas Z.
Published: November 2021

In this work, the high entropy oxide A2CuO4 Ruddlesden–Popper (La0.2Pr0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)2CuO4 is explored by charge doping with Ce+4 and Sr+2 at concentrations known to induce superconductivity in the simple parent compounds, Nd2CuO4 and La2CuO4. Electron doped (La0.185Pr0.185Nd0.185Sm0.185Eu0.185Ce0.075)2CuO4 and hole doped (La0.18Pr0.18Nd0.18Sm0.18Eu0.18Sr0.1)2CuO4 are synthesized and shown to be single crystal, epitaxially strained, and highly uniform. Transport measurements demonstrate that all as-grown films are insulating regardless of doping. Annealing studies show that resistivity can be tuned by modifying oxygen stoichiometry and inducing metallicity but without superconductivity. These results, in turn, are connected to extended x-ray absorption fine structure results, indicating that the lack of superconductivity in the high entropy cuprates likely originates from a large distortion within the Cu–O plane (σ2 > 0.015 Å2) due to A-site cation size variance, which drives localization of charge carriers. These findings describe new opportunities for controlling charge- and orbital-mediated functional responses in Ruddlesden–Popper crystal structures, driven by balancing of cation size and charge variances that may be exploited for functionally important behaviors such as superconductivity, antiferromagnetism, and metal-insulator transitions while opening less understood phase spaces hosting doped Mott insulators, strange metals, quantum criticality, pseudogaps, and ordered charge density waves.