bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An effective channel allocation designed using hybrid memory dragonfly with imperialist competitive algorithm in distributed mobile adhoc network
Authors: Rangasamy Suganya , Ramasamy Kanmani , Thangavel Rajesh Kumar
Published: August 2024

The channel availability problem reaches a higher degree in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and garners a lot of attention in communication networks. Because increased mobile usage might result in a lack of channel allocation, an improved channel allocation technique is presented to tackle the availability problem. The distributed dynamic channel allocation (DDCA) model is built in this paper using the hybrid memory dragonfly with imperialist competitive (HMDIC) method. Based on optimization logic, this strategy assigns the channel to mobile hosts. The MANET provides a dispersed network within the coverage region in the absence of base station infrastructure. The HMDIC optimizer approach in this circumstance randomly begins every respective node to update and store their pbest value utilizing RAM dragonfly employing satellite images. The constraint values are then used to construct the cost function, which results in a strong kind of global optimum solution. The channels are therefore distributed in an effective manner. The HMDIC algorithm is used in this research to build a novel channel allocation system. It makes advantage of the exploration capabilities to successfully explore the individual node using MDA (Modified Dragonfly Algorithm) and locate the global best solution using imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA). Both of these combined tactics are more effective in accelerating the convergence of the allocation model. To validate the performance, the HMDIC‐based DDCA system provides promising results in terms of assigning available channels, thereby enhancing channel reuse efficiency and fractional interference.
Rationale and design of RESILIENCE: A prospective randomized clinical trial evaluating remote ischaemic conditioning for the prevention of anthracycline cardiotoxicity
Authors: Moreno‐Arciniegas Andrea , García Alberto , Kelm Malte , D'Amore Francesco , da Silva María Gomes , Sánchez‐González Javier , Sánchez Pedro L. , López‐Fernández Teresa , Córdoba Raul , Asteggiano Riccardo , Camus Vincent , Smink Jouke , Ferreira Antonio , Kersten Marie J. , Bolaños Natacha , Escalera Noemi , Pacella Elsa , Gómez‐Talavera Sandra , Quesada Antonio , Rosselló Xavier , Ibanez Borja ,   RESILIENCE Trial Investigators
Published: August 2024

Aims

There is a lack of therapies able to prevent anthracycline cardiotoxicity (AC). Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) has shown beneficial effects in preclinical models of AC.

Methods

REmote iSchemic condItioning in Lymphoma PatIents REceiving ANthraCyclinEs (RESILIENCE) is a multinational, prospective, phase II, double‐blind, sham‐controlled, randomized clinical trial that evaluates the efficacy and safety of RIC in lymphoma patients receiving anthracyclines. Patients scheduled to undergo ≥5 chemotherapy cycles including anthracyclines and with ≥1 AC‐associated risk factors will be randomized to weekly RIC or sham throughout the chemotherapy period. Patients will undergo three multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) studies, at baseline, after the third cycle (intermediate CMR), and 2 months after the end of chemotherapy. Thereafter, patients will be followed up for clinical events over an anticipated median of ≥24 months. The primary endpoint is the absolute change from baseline in CMR‐based left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The main secondary outcome is the incidence of AC events, defined as (1) a drop in CMR‐based LVEF of ≥10 absolute points, or (2) a drop in CMR‐based LVEF of ≥5 and <10 absolute points to a value <50%. Intermediate CMR will test the ability of T2 mapping to predict AC versus classical markers (left ventricular strain and cardiac injury biomarkers). A novel CMR sequence allowing ultrafast cine acquisition will be validated in this vulnerable population.

Conclusions

The RESILIENCE trial will test RIC (a novel non‐invasive intervention to prevent AC) in a cohort of high‐risk patients. The trial will also test candidate markers for their capacity to predict AC and will validate a novel CMR sequence reducing acquisition time in a vulnerable population.
Lifespan of COVID‐19 living guideline recommendations: A survival analysis
Authors: McFarlane Emma , Mercer Toby , Sharp Steve , Hunter Debra , Kelley Kate , Glen Fiona , Majeed Maria
Published: August 2024

Background

NICE has maintained a portfolio of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) living guidelines since March 2020. Recommendations within these living guidelines are subject to continuous surveillance and updates in response to triggers. However, the lifespan of individual living guideline recommendations and features that may impact whether a recommendation becomes out of date sooner is unknown.

Objectives

This study describes the length of time NICE COVID‐19 living guideline recommendations have remained valid.

Methods

All guidelines within NICE's COVID‐19 portfolio were included to determine the lifespan of living guideline recommendations. Data were collected on all recommendations that had been developed, undergone surveillance or updated between 1 March 2020 and 31 August 2022. The initial publication date, decision to update and updated publication date were extracted. Updates were labelled as major changes in evidence synthesis or minor changes without a substantial change in the evidence base. Any recommendation that had not been updated or withdrawn was censored. Survival analysis (Kaplan–Meier curve) was carried out to determine the lifespan of recommendations.

Results

Overall, 26 COVID‐19 living guidelines and 1182 recommendations were included in the analysis. Living recommendations had a median survival time of 739 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 332, 781). Based on recommendation type, intervention recommendations had a shorter survival time (354 days, IQR: 312, 775) compared to diagnosis (368 days, IQR: 328, 795), patient experience (733 days, IQR: 345, 795) and service delivery (739 days, IQR: 643, 781). Within intervention type, pharmacological recommendations had the shortest survival time versus nonpharmacological recommendations (335 days, IQR: 161, 775 vs. 775 days, IQR: 354, 775). Updates were published an average of 29.12 days following a surveillance decision.

Conclusion

Within living guidelines, some recommendations need to be updated sooner than others. This study outlines the value of a flexible responsive approach to surveillance according to the pace of change and expectation of update triggers.
Prevention of osteoradionecrosis in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Naseer Amara , Brennan Sinead , MacCarthy Denise , O'Connell John Edward , O'Sullivan Eleanor , Leech Michelle
Published: August 2024

Background

Osteoradionecrosis is a long‐term, serious side effect of head and neck radiation therapy and is associated with significant morbidity and quality of life issues.

Methods

This paper sought to determine consensus on the prevention and management of osteoradionecrosis by an international panel of multidisciplinary professionals expert in the management of patients with head and neck cancer using a Delphi methodology. Unique to this work is our direct inclusion of the views of patients and carers in our findings.

Results

This study reached consensus on the importance of pre and post oral health assessment and education for patients with head and neck cancer. This was also noted by the patients and carers who took part in the study.

Conclusions

This work highlights the need for a standardized oral health assessment tool and multidisciplinary care of patients to prevent and manage osteoradionecrosis.
Effect of thoracic manipulation on neck pain in the mobility group: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yoshida Ryota , Ichikawa Kazuna , Nagahori Hiraku , Tazawa Tomohiro , Kuruma Hironobu
Published: August 2024

Background and aims

Thoracic spine manipulation (TSM) increases the thoracic spine's range of motion (ROM), effectively reducing pain intensity and disability in patients with mechanical neck pain. We aimed to determine the effect of TSM on neck pain intensity and functional impairment in patients classified under the “mobility” category in Childs' classification.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, patients with mechanical neck pain who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either the TSM (n = 21) or sham manipulation (n = 20) group. The primary outcomes were pain during neck rotation and subjective improvement assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Global Rating of Change (GROC), respectively. The secondary outcomes were NPRS at rest, disability (assessed using the Neck Disability Index [NDI]), and ROM of the cervical and thoracic spine rotation. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline, immediately after treatment, 1 week after treatment, and at the 4‐week follow‐up. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the NPRS, NDI, and ROM. The GROC was analyzed using a chi‐square test for the percentage recording ≥+4; the means of each group were compared using an unpaired t‐test.

Results

The NPRS with neck rotation, neck and thoracic ROM, and NDI showed significant interactions between the groups. The NPRS with neck rotation was significantly lower in the TSM group than in the sham group at all time points after the treatment (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the groups in the proportion showing moderate (≥+4) improvement according to the GROC; however, there was a significant difference in the mean values (p = 0.013).

Conclusion

Incorporating TSM into treatment protocols may improve clinical outcomes in patients with neck pain, potentially leading to better pain management and functional recovery. Therefore, physiotherapists should consider TSM as a viable and effective intervention to improve patient outcomes in neck pain rehabilitation.
The association of blood pressure, body mass index and carotid intima‐media thickness as childhood predictors of cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Agyei Benedict Apaw , Wiafe Yaw Amo , Donkor Andrew , Anyitey‐Kokor Ijeoma Chinedum , Yahya Kataru , Sarfo Fred Stephen
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) are well‐known independent predictors of cardiovascular disease especially in adulthood. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the statistical significance of the relationship between childhood CIMT, blood pressure and BMI. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was therefore conducted to ascertain the relationship.

Methods

This systematic review and meta‐analysis was reported in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Three electronic databases were searched, namely EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Data were extracted independently by two review authors. Quantitative data were analyzed using Review Manager.

Results

The meta‐analysis was conducted using a random effects model and standard mean difference. The results of the meta‐analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in CIMT of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.41–1.31) between normotensive versus hypertensive children. Again, overweight and moderately obese children had higher CIMT values as compared to normal weight children with a pooled standard mean difference of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.24–1.20) and 2.75 (95% CI: 0.73–4.77) respectively. The pooled standard mean difference of systolic and diastolic blood pressures was found to be 2.44 (95% CI: 1.69–3.19) and 1.28 (95% CI: 0.65–1.92) respectively between normal weight and overweight/obese children.

Conclusion

The meta‐analysis found a significant difference in CIMT between normotensive and hypertensive children, with overweight and moderately obese children having higher CIMT values. Thus, conducting CIMT screening for obese or overweight children and children with increased blood pressure can provide valuable information about their cardiovascular disease risk.
Exploring the gender gap in neurosurgery: A cross‐sectional analysis of preresidency publications among neurosurgery residents
Authors: Hassan Taimur , Kakkilaya Akash , Huang Annie , Kakkilaya Apoorva , Downey Kristen , Powell Kerrington
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

While the number of female physicians has increased since the 1970s, there continues to be a lack of female surgeons compared to their male counterparts, with the gender gap more prominent in surgical subspecialties such as neurosurgery. While surgical subspecialities have accelerated initiatives to close the gap, potential disparities in research opportunities may position women at a disadvantage, particularly in neurosurgery, where academic publications are an indicator of residency match success. In this paper, we sought to investigate whether gender disparities exist in preresidency neurosurgery publications among current neurosurgery residents.

Methods

The present study selected residency programs from the top 25 neurology and neurosurgery hospitals in US News & World Report's 2022 Ranking. A database of neurosurgery residents and their publications was created using PubMed, neurosurgery residency program websites, and supplementary search. Articles published between the time of birth and December 31st of the year of graduation (medical degree) were used to determine publications before residency.

Results

Our research indicates that 25.7% (n = 135/526) of US neurosurgery residents at top 25 hospitals are women and 74.3% (n = 391/526) are men. Men (n = 391) had a median of 7 (interquartile range [IQR], 3–14.5; range, 0–129) publications before residency, and women (n = 135) had a median of 7 (IQR, 4–11.0; range, 0–74) publications before residency. There were no significant differences in the median number of publications between genders (p = 0.65).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our research indicates there is no gender disparity in preresidency publications among neurosurgery residents. To improve women's representation in the field, further study is needed to better understand gender inequality among neurosurgeons, particularly in the earlier stages of medical training.
Development and predictors of reading skills in a 5‐year Italian longitudinal study
Authors: Mascheretti Sara , Luoni Chiara , Franceschini Sandro , Capelli Elena , Farinotti Laura , Borgatti Renato , Lecce Serena , Termine Cristiano
Published: August 2024

Limited longitudinal studies have explored the development of reading, along with its predictors, in a language characterized by shallow orthography and a simple syllabic structure. In a 5‐year longitudinal study, we investigated the development of reading skills in 327 Italian‐speaking children (male: n = 180, 55%) from Grade 1 (mean age = 6.16 ± 0.28) to Grade 5 (mean age = 10.82 ± 0.31). We tested their reading performance at the end of each school year (Grade 1–5) and examined the impact of early cognitive factors (phonological awareness‐PA, verbal short‐term memory‐vSTM, and non‐verbal intelligence), environmental factors (socioeconomic status) as well as Grade 1 reading proficiency on subsequent reading development. A linear development of reading skills was found in both children classified as typical readers and those with reading disabilities. Non‐verbal intelligence, PA, vSTM and reading proficiency at the end of Grade 1 predicted reading development throughout primary school (reading speed: R2‐Intercept = 61.8%; R2‐Slope = 12.9%, and reading accuracy: R2‐Intercept = 40.1%; R2‐Slope = 22.2%). The stability of reading performance across school grades highlights the significance of early reading skills as a marker and target for early intervention programs.

Highlights

To investigate reading development throughout primary school in an Italian‐speaking sample, and the impact of early cognitive and environmental predictors.

Reading development was linear and predicted by early cognitive skills, as assessed by repeated measures ANOVAs and growth curve modelling.

These findings highlight the importance of supporting reading development as early as the end of Grade 1.
Irrigation water strategies to intensify vegetable production on smallholder farms in Guyana
Authors: Madramootoo Chandra A. , Mortel Guia Marie M.
Published: August 2024

As part of its development program, Guyana is diversifying and expanding its agricultural sector to increase the production of higher‐value vegetable crops. Apart from ensuring food security, this also reduces the country's food import bill. Abandoned sugarcane lands are targeted for the intensification and expansion of vegetable production. This study seeks to determine the supplemental irrigation requirements of vegetable farms located along coastal lands, recommend scenarios to manage water during the two annual dry seasons, and understand the effects of irrigation thresholds on the yields of six commonly planted vegetables. The AquaCrop model was used for this purpose, together with inputs of field‐measured soil and climate data obtained from 2005 to 2012. Yield simulations of seven irrigation thresholds (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100% total available water [TAW]) were evaluated. At 40, 50, and 60% TAW, a decreasing irrigation requirement did not significantly reduce yield (pairwise t‐test, p > 0.05). The use of 40, 50, or 60% TAW irrigation thresholds during the two annual dry seasons is recommended. The low irrigation requirements for vegetables do not compete with the water requirements of rice and sugarcane production.
Improving the Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cement With Nanocrystalline Cellulose From Rice Husk
Authors: Rini Aninda Dwi Kartika , Juwita Fifin Tresna , Bagjana Riza Widyanti , Octivany Sherly , Purnama Ryana Budi , Rijal Moch Saifur , Anwar Ahmad Miftahul , Purwasasmita Bambang Sunendar , Asri Lia A. T. W.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) sourced from rice husk on the mechanical properties of a commercial glass ionomer cement (GIC). NCC was isolated through acid hydrolysis, and its crystallinity, chemical structure, and morphology were characterized through x‐ray diffractometry, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Various concentrations of NCC (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were added to reinforce the GIC matrix. Mechanical tests including compressive strength, flexural strength, hardness, and shear bond strength were conducted on the modified GIC samples. The addition of NCC resulted in increased hardness and shear bond strength values, with 1% NCC showing the highest values compared to other concentrations. However, there was no significant improvement observed in the compressive and flexural strength of the modified GIC. Failure mode test revealed a reduction in adhesive failure with the addition of NCC. Incorporating small amounts of NCC (0.5%–1%) suggests a promising and affordable modification of GIC restorative material using biomass residue, resulting in improved mechanical properties.
Examining the evolution of extreme precipitation event using reanalysis and the observed datasets along the Western Ghats
Authors: Khadke Leena , Budakoti Sachin , Verma Akash , Bhowmik Moumita , Hazra Anupam
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, India has witnessed an increase in the intensity, frequency, and spread of extreme weather events. The widespread increase in extreme precipitation over the Western Coast of India is a matter of great concern. The factors contributing to such devastating extreme precipitation remain unclear due to the variability present in meteorological and oceanic variables and associated large‐scale circulations. Using reanalysis and observed datasets, we attempted to identify a combination of dynamic, thermodynamic, and cloud microphysics processes contributing to the anomalous precipitation from August 1 to 10, 2019 against its climatology. Our key findings highlight the crucial role of warm sea surface temperatures (anomaly >1.4°C), outgoing longwave radiation (anomaly <−50 W·m−2), and atmospheric temperature (anomaly over the ocean is >1.6°C) in enhancing the moisture‐holding capacity of the atmosphere by almost 10%. This elevated moisture, propelled by intensified low‐level winds (anomalies exceeding 4 m·s−1), leads to a shift from ocean to land. Notably, we observe that vertical updrafts (anomalies >−0.4 m·s−1) contribute to increased atmospheric instability and moisture convergence. The presence of an ample amount of cloud hydrometeors, with anomalies surpassing 2.5 × 10−4 kg·kg−1, establishes conditions conducive to sustained intense precipitation. Our findings deepen our understanding of the complex relationships between ocean and atmospheric dynamics, and wind patterns, and emphasize their pivotal influence on regional weather patterns and land surface hydrology.
Pseudomorphic synthesis of pore size‐tunable mesoporous silica spherical particles and their application for the fraction of low‐molecular‐weight heparin
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Jie , Yang Yang , Bi Yujie , Cai Changyu , Ke Yanxiong
Published: August 2024

In this study, spherical silica with pore size varied from 30 to 200 Å was synthesized by pseudomorphic transformation at atmospheric pressure. 40–80 Å silica particles with a narrow pore distribution were obtained by using quaternary amine cationic surfactants and different kinds of swelling agents, including polypropylene glycol, 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, alkanes, and alkanols. Alkyl imidazolium ionic liquid surfactants were used to synthesize large pore size distribution silica spheres with pore sizes in the range of 110–200 Å. All these silica particles can be synthesized under mild conditions within 12 h, which provides a facile synthesis method for the preparation of a chromatographic matrix with tunable pore size. The method is reproducible and the relative standard deviation of silica sphere pore structure parameters in scaled‐up preparations is less than 6%. The pore size on the fraction of low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) was investigated in size exclusion chromatography. Matrixes with different pore size distributions have various size exclusion regions. By using UPS‐60‐Diol columns in a twin‐column recirculation separation process, LMWH with >85% heparin with molecular weight within the range of 3000–8000 Da were separated in five‐column volumes.
Trade‐Offs and Optimization of Ecosystem Services in the Plain Terminal Lake Basin: A Case Study of Xinjiang
Authors: Luo Chun , Ma Xiaofei , Yan Wei , Wang Yonghui
Published: August 2024

Influenced by climate change and human activities, plain terminal lake basins (PTLB) in arid regions experience significant shrinkage, resulting in a decline in ecosystem services (ESs) such as windbreak and sand fixation (SF) and habitat quality (HQ). However, systematic assessments of these services in such basins are limited. A key research challenge is to define and enhance the contribution of plain terminal lakes within the ESs framework of their respective basins. Therefore, this study focused on the Ebinur Lake Basin (ELB), Manas River Basin (MRB), and Tarim River Basin (TRB) in Xinjiang. We adopted both the InVEST and RWEQ models to assess ESs in these regions, by employing the production possibility frontier (PPF) to optimize various ESs, including carbon storage (CS), water yield (WY), HQ, and SF. The results indicated a general upward trend in ESs across these key basins, with a particularly significant increase in the CS. Spatial analysis revealed that regions with improved ESs were mainly concentrated in the mountainous and oasis areas of the basins, with the most pronounced improvement observed in the TRB. Within these basins, the interactions between the different ESs mainly exhibited synergistic relationships. However, notable concave trade‐off relationships existed between WY and CS, WY and HQ, and HQ and SF, particularly in the TRB. This was largely attributed to increased trade‐offs between WY and other ESs, resulting from the widespread agricultural expansion in the TRB. We plotted the optimal Pareto efficiency curves for ESs across the three basins to obtain the corresponding optimization results, and made recommendations for the enhancement of ESs. In summary, this study lays a solid scientific foundation for establishing ecological protection boundaries and promoting high‐quality sustainable development in the PTLB of arid areas.
Gulf Stream intrusion and deep current upwelling drive dynamic patterns of temperature and food supply within cold‐water coral reefs
Authors: Carrick Jane V. , Mienis Furu , Cordes Erik E. , Demopoulos Amanda W.J. , Davies Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

One of the most significant features of the Northwest Atlantic, the Gulf Stream influences high magnitude environmental fluctuations in deep habitats across the South Atlantic Bight. Amid this variability, the Blake Plateau harbors extensive reefs formed by cold‐water corals that were previously assumed to rely on narrow ranges of temperature, currents, and particulate supply. A benthic lander collected near‐bed conditions at the Richardson Reef Complex, a cold‐water reef dominated by the scleractinian Desmophyllum pertusum at 830 m within the path of the Gulf Stream. Specific behavior of the Gulf Stream resulted in recurring environmental patterns at depth. During offshore meanders, deep stream components intruded onto the reef and caused rapid (3.74°C per hour) temperature increases up to 10.8°C (> 5°C above the site mean) and increased chlorophyll. Within 2 d of peak temperatures, intrusions were replaced by strong, turbid upwelling currents that rapidly cooled the site to temperature minima (4.13°C). While considerable environmental variability from the Gulf Stream may otherwise implicate a thermally stressful setting for corals, high‐temperature events were likely mitigated by their short duration (< 37.4 h) and physical coupling with enhanced organic material. This hypothesis was supported by high‐density clustering of D. pertusum occurrences within 50 km around the Gulf Stream's position along the South Atlantic Bight. This suggests that cold‐water corals experiencing environmental variability can be sustained by relationships between food supply, temperature, and currents that vary in strength along stochastic time scales, shedding further light on the niche of cold‐water corals.
Chain forming diatoms use different strategies to avoid diffusion limited N assimilation
Authors: Stenow Rickard , Olofsson Malin , Whitehouse Martin J. , Ploug Helle
Published: August 2024

Formation of large colonies by phytoplankton is considered a disadvantage during low nutrient and non‐turbulent conditions because of diffusion limitation and competition by neighboring cells. This is assumed by diffusion models and not empirical measurements. Here, we measured cell‐specific dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nitrate () assimilation in two chain‐forming Skeletonema marinoi strains by combining secondary ion mass spectrometry with stable isotopic tracer incubations. The pelagic strains were recently germinated from resting stages and thus not adapted to high nutrient regimes of laboratory cultures. During the exponential phase, the cells assimilated excess relative to DIC. The DIC and assimilation varied with chain length or the position of the cell within chains but did not follow any consistent trend. Solitary cells were rare and did not exceed 6% of all cells. During the nitrogen‐limited stationary phase, assimilation was lower than modeled by mass transfer theory at diffusion limitation. assimilation rates were apparently limited by the biological uptake rate at nitrate concentrations < 0.46 μmol L−1. We conclude that S. marinoi is adapted to high nutrient concentrations and may seldom be diffusion limited in coastal waters with ambient concentrations > 0.46 μmol L−1. These findings contrast those previously reported in larger chain forming diatoms, for example, Chaetoceros, which appear to circumvent diffusion limitation at low ambient concentrations and succeed S. marinoi during spring blooms.
Multiple Narrowband Bidirectional Self‐Powered Organic Photodetector with Fast Response
Authors: Xia Yuxin , Georgiadou Dimitra G.
Published: August 2024

Benefiting from the discovery of novel organic semiconductor materials bearing tunable absorption characteristics, narrowband organic photodetectors (OPDs) with improved performance are reported. Alongside new photoactive materials synthesis, several device engineering strategies are introduced to achieve narrowband OPDs, allowing less dependence of the device performance on the synthetic variation control, such as batch‐to‐batch differences in molecular weight. However, fabrication of multiband OPDs remains a challenge. Current solutions are usually based on vertical multi‐stacking of photosensitive layers with different absorption spectra and voltage‐modulated charge collection/injection, which renders the device fabrication too complex, while their response speed and band selectivity is limited. In this work, the concept of optical cavity is adopted to demonstrate self‐powered and fast response speed single‐junction bidirectional organic photodetectors with dual narrowband detection in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible part of the spectrum. Application of these devices in encrypted UV communication is successfully demonstrated. A third band in the near infrared (NIR) is possible to be isolated, rendering these high‐performing and simple to manufacture multiband OPD devices attractive for high‐resolution imaging and optical wireless communication.
BMP2 Binds Non‐Specifically to PEG‐Passivated Biomaterials and Induces pSMAD 1/5/9 Signalling
Authors: Pennec Jean Le , Guibert Amaury , Gurram Raviteja , Delon Antoine , Vivès Romain R. , Migliorini Elisa
Published: August 2024

Biomaterials are widely employed across diverse biomedical applications and represent an attractive strategy to explore how extracellular matrix components influence cellular response. In this study, the previously developed streptavidin platforms is aimed to use to investigate the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling. However, it is observed that the interpretation of findings is skewed due to the GAG‐unrelated, non‐specific binding of BMP2 on components of biomaterials. Non‐specific adsorption of proteins is a recurrent and challenging issue for biomaterial studies. Despite the initial incorporation of anti‐fouling polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains within biomaterials, the residual non‐specific BMP2 adsorption still triggered BMP2 signaling within the same range as conditions of interest. The various options are explored to prevent BMP2 non‐specific adsorption and a successful blocking condition involving a combination of bovine serum albumin and trehalose are identified. Furthermore, the effect of this blocking step improved when using gold platforms instead of glass, particularly with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. With this specific example, it is suggested that non‐specific adsorption of BMPs on biomaterials may be a general concern – often undetected by classical surface‐sensitive techniques – that needs to be addressed to better interpret cellular responses.
Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dosage: Geographical Variations and Real‐Life Modules in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Kukkle Prashanth Lingappa , Kalia Lorraine V. , Habib Ahsan , Jagota Priya , Ojha Rajeev , Kandadai Rukmini Mridula , Desai Soaham , Caldera Manjula , Sirisena Darshana , Garg Divyani , Mestre Tiago A. , Neupane Rosy , Maytharakcheep Suppata , Sanyawut Kanyawat , Borgohain Rupam
Published: August 2024

Background

The Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dosage (LEDD) calculation algorithms help in capturing and harmonization of Parkinson's Disease (PD) therapies. Analyzing these updates is essential for validating their effectiveness.

Objective

To assess updated LEDD conversion factors in capturing the newer therapies in PD and therapy modules in different geographical cohorts.

Methods

Data were sourced from 10 Centers from 6 countries representing 2 different continents. The study compared the LEDD conversion factors proposed by Tomlinson et al and Jost et al, alongside investigating demographic disparities.

Results

The analysis involved 2943 subjects; 87% (n = 2577) met the UK Brain Bank criteria for PD. The LEDD differed significantly across methodologies (Tomlinson vs. Jost, 598 mg vs 610 mg, P < 0.0001). Geographical disparities highlighted variations in PD onset age (P < 0.0001). Jost and Tomlinson's calculations demonstrated consistency within but significant differences across countries (P < 0.0001).Age at onset revealed statistically significant differences in LEDD requirements (P < 0.0001), which were particularly higher in 21–50 years (718 mg vs 566 mg). This subgroup also demonstrated increased usage of non‐Levodopa therapies (P < 0.0001). Men exhibited higher total LEDD (P = 0.001). 34% reported dyskinesia, associated with higher LEDD (756 mg, P < 0.0001). Surgically treated patients also had higher LEDD (P < 0.0001) and a significant difference between Jost and Tomlinson dosages (761 mg vs716mg) reflecting the incorporation of newer therapeutic molecules.

Conclusion

This analysis delineates the importance of updated LEDD algorithms and intricacies in the landscape of PD treatment, underscored by geographical, age‐related, and gender‐specific variations, in real‐life management scenarios.
Instability of H1‐stable periodic peakons for the Novikov equation
Authors: Chong Gezi , Fu Ying , Wang Hao
Published: August 2024

Periodic peaked waves of the Novikov equation have been proved to be
‐orbital stable. Utilizing the method of characteristics, we establish that the periodic peakons of the Novikov equation are linearly unstable under
perturbations. Moreover, it is proved that the small initial
perturbations of the above periodic peakons can lead to the blow‐up phenomenon in finite time in the nonlinear evolution of the Novikov equation.
Sharp estimates of solution of an elliptic problem on a family of open non‐convex planar sectors
Authors: Douah Abdelaziz , Tami Abdelkader , Tlemcani Mounir
Published: August 2024

Based on partial Fourier series analysis, we adapt on a model case a new approach to classical results obtained in the literature describing the singularities of a family a solutions of a second‐order elliptic problems on open non‐convex planar sectors. The method allows the exhibition of singular and regular frequencies, explicit decomposition, and description of coefficients of singularities of the solution. As a main result, explicit and sharp estimates with respect to the opening angle parameter are obtained via this method. They are not uniform near
where corners have opening angle generating a jump of singularity in Sobolev exponent, contrarily to the results obtained for harmonic and/or biharmonic problems on a family of convex planar sectors.
Interplay of Na Substitution in Magnetic Interaction and Photocatalytic Properties of Ca1‐xNaxTi0.5Ta0.5O3 Perovskite Nanoparticles
Authors: Kammar S. S. , Barote V. K. , Gaikwad A. A. , Shirsath Sagar E. , Ibrahim A. A. , Batoo K. M. , Kadam R. H. , More S. S.
Published: August 2024

This research paper delves into the enhancement of wastewater treatment through the design and synthesis of advanced photocatalytic materials, focusing on the effects of sodium (Na) substitution in Ca1‐xNaxTa0.5Ti0.5O3 perovskites. By employing various analytical techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy and UV‐vis spectroscopy, the study examines the transition of these perovskites from tetragonal to orthorhombic structures and observes a reduction in Ca content with Na substitution, which also favors the cubic phase formation and inhibits secondary phases. Significantly, magnetic property analysis uncovers an unexpected ferromagnetic ordering in these perovskites, including compositions traditionally viewed as non‐magnetic. The photocatalytic tests reveal a significant improvement in degrading Rhodamine B dye under visible light, particularly in samples with higher Na levels, attributed to enhanced light absorption and efficient electron processes. The study highlights the optimal Na substitution level for peak photocatalytic performance, offering valuable insights into the complex interplay between structural, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties of these perovskites, and their potential in various applications, thereby contributing to the advancement of wastewater treatment technologies.
Additive manufacturing of polymer composite millimeter‐wave components: Recent progress, novel applications, and challenges
Authors: Ma Quanjin , Dong Ke , Li Feirui , Jia Qinyin , Tian Jing , Yu Ming , Xiong Yi
Published: August 2024

With the advent of 5G/6G for radar and space communication systems, various millimeter‐wave (MMW) components are rapidly innovated for multi‐functional, higher integrated and miniaturized solutions across diverse industries and applications. Polymer composites‐based additive manufacturing (AM), an advanced manufacturing technique, can manufacture MMW components with high fabrication resolution, intricate structural design, adjustable dielectric properties, and functionally gradient distribution characteristics. This paper outlines the state‐of‐the‐art polymer composite MMW components, their design, and manufacturing techniques. An integrated “material‐structure‐manufacturing‐performance” design conceptual framework of polymer composite MMW components is discussed in terms of material design, structure design, and process design. Moreover, multi‐functional polymer composite MMW structures focus on electromagnetic wave absorption and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding functions. Moreover, novel applications of MMW polymer composite components enabled by AM on radar/sensing, communication, enclosure, and miscellaneous applications are discussed. Furthermore, future perspectives and current challenges are identified to provide new insights into multi‐functional 3D‐printed MMW products, exploring new possibilities for next‐generation advanced MMW technology.

Highlights

The 3D‐printed MMW components and additive manufacturing are reviewed.

The integrated “material‐structure‐manufacturing‐performance” concept is introduced.

3D‐printed MMW components are discussed on radar, enclosure, and miscellaneous applications.

Future perspectives and challenges of 3D‐printed MMW components are addressed.
Synthesis of rice‐granular bimetallic nickel/iron phyllosilicates to simultaneously lubricate and strengthen the epoxy‐based composites
Authors: Jin Peng , Yang Jinian , Chen Weilong , Nie Shibin
Published: August 2024

To improve the subpar lubricating performance of epoxy resin, this paper presents the preparation of a novel bimetallic phyllosilicate featuring a distinctive rice‐granular morphology, which incorporates nickel and iron metal cations through a facile hydrothermal process. These phyllosilicates were then integrated into the epoxy matrix to form composites. A comprehensive analysis of the target product validates the rationality of the synthesis strategy for the as‐prepared rice‐granular bimetallic nickel/iron phyllosilicate, demonstrating a homogeneous hierarchical structure with numerous tiny nanosheets of nickel/iron phyllosilicate grown in situ on the flat surfaces of the rice‐granular metal–organic frameworks. An adequate addition of nickel/iron phyllosilicates allows for excellent dispersion within the matrix and establishes strongly bonded interfaces, steadily increasing the elastic modulus and hardness. Notably, the average friction coefficients decrease from 0.515 for the pure resin to 0.450 for the composites when the filler content reaches 7%, indicating a significant solid lubrication effect. In contrast, adding just 1% nickel/iron phyllosilicate moderately improves wear resistance, elongation at break, and tensile strength. Furthermore, it was found that as the filler content increased, the weight loss rate was reduced by approximately 43.8%, while the residual char increased by 74.2%, significantly enhancing the thermal stability of epoxy composites at high temperatures. This study offers a promising approach to preparing self‐lubricated epoxy composites with favorable mechanical and thermal properties.

Highlights

NiFePS was successfully synthesized via a facile two‐step self‐polymerization.

Excellent mechanical properties of composites could be achieved with low content of NiFePS.

The friction coefficient and wear rate were lowered remarkably.

The friction mechanism was solid lubrication.
Smart mechanoluminescent phosphors: A review of zinc sulfide‐based materials for advanced mechano‐optical applications
Authors: Huang Zefeng , Li Xu , Liang Tianlong , Ren Biyun , Zhang Xianhui , Zheng Yuantian , Zhang Qi'an , Fang Ziyi , Wu Mingzhi , Zulfiqar Maryam , Jing Liqing , Qu Sicen , Chen Bing , Gan Jiulin , Peng Dengfeng
Published: August 2024

The quest for mechanoluminescence (ML) in zinc sulfide (ZnS) spans more than a century, initially sparked by observations of natural minerals. There has been a resurgence in research into ML materials in recent decades, driven by advances in optoelectronic technologies and a deeper understanding of their luminescent properties under mechanical stress. ZnS, in particular, has garnered attention owing to its remarkable ability to sustain luminescence after more than 100,000 mechanical stimulations, positioning it as a standout candidate for optoelectronic applications. In contrast to conventional photoluminescent and electroluminescent light sources, ZnS composite elastomers have emerged as flexible, stretchable self‐powered light sources with considerable practical implications. This review introduces the development history, ML mechanisms, prototype ML devices, ZnS‐based ML material preparation methods, and their diverse applications spanning environmental mechanical‐to‐optical energy conversion, E‐signatures, anti‐counterfeiting, wearable information sensing devices, advanced battery‐free displays, biomedical imaging, and optical fiber sensors for human–computer interactions, among others. By integrating insights from ML‐optics, mechanics, and flexible optoelectronics, and by summarizing pertinent perspectives on current scientific challenges, application technology hurdles, and potential solutions for emerging scientific frontiers, this review aims to furnish fundamental guidance and conceptual frameworks for the design, advancement, and cutting‐edge application of novel mechanoluminescent materials.
Integrating UAV‐Based Topographic and Geomorphic Analysis for the Development of River Rehabilitation Plans in Semi‐Urban Settings
Authors: Sarkar Dipro , Sinha Rajiv
Published: August 2024

Several rivers across the world face multiple threats from natural as well as human‐induced alterations in hydrology and morphology over time. Researchers have proposed several measures to instigate a healthier response by river rehabilitation or rejuvenation (depending on the condition of the river) to mitigate the impacts of causal factors. Investigating the causal factors of degradation is highly dependent on historical data, the availability of which depends on multiple considerations and is sometimes difficult to obtain, especially for a small river. A range of rehabilitation options have been explored by researchers among which geomorphology‐based approaches have gained importance as they are based on process‐based understanding and aim to reconstruct the river form for improving the river status. This paper introduces a novel method that uses very high‐resolution UAV data to analyze the topography and geomorphology of a small monsoon‐fed Sakri River in Central India. We aim to understand the anthropogenic factors responsible for its degradation with a particular focus on siltation and propose a river rejuvenation plan by creating the baseline data. The Sakri River supports 23 villages and a small town called Kawardha. The river presently has scanty surface flow and is unable to sustain the community. We mapped the entire river course using a UAV and identified 118 problematic sites, including 68 interventions along the 50 km stretch of the river. We have identified siltation as the primary problem at most sites caused by poorly designed interventions and a reduction in flow. We divided the river into 17 reaches and classified them into different states of criticality based on the identified problems and accumulated sediment volume behind the interventions. We have estimated a sizable volume of siltation within the 17 reaches as 0.5 million m3. Our analysis led to the development of a process response system that describes the various factors responsible for the degradation of the Sakri River and has important implications for designing mitigation strategies. Our recommendations for remedial measures are based on careful evaluation of the efficacy of each intervention and we have suggested their renovation or removal. We have also suggested reach‐specific solutions such as canal lining, river training, channel alignment, and river bank protection to be implemented.
Farmers' exposure to communication media in receiving agriculture extension and rural advisory services for farm sustainability
Authors: Billah Md Maruf , Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur , Mahimairaja Santiago , Lal Alvin , Naidu Ravi
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Effective communication among agricultural stakeholders is the part and parcel of sustainable agricultural development. The study investigated farmers' exposure to communication media in receiving agriculture extension and rural advisory services (AERAS) for strengthening sustainable agricultural development.

Materials and Methods

The blended method research was conducted in Bangladesh employing both qualitative and quantitative approaches with 390 selected respondents utilizing structured questionnaire during 2022–2023. Statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 29, along with appropriate scales and scoring techniques were utilized to analyse the data.

Results

Findings indicated that most (94.6%) of the respondents get low to medium exposure to communication media, but majority (75.4%) of them were interested in contacting extension and advisory services without payment (73.6%). A significant portion (70.3%) of the participants perceived that, services delivered by extension officers facilitate farm sustainability. It was also found that respondents were mostly exposed to personal media ( = 377.4) whereas less exposed to mass media ( = 177.8) for desired services. Moreover, knowledge, proximity to office, access to extension services, organizational participation, innovativeness, training exposure were identified as influential factors increasing the extent of communication exposure.

Conclusion

The results can assist concern departments as well as policymakers to update the curriculum, principles, or module for incorporating effective communication at farm level and modifying the diffusion of innovation systems for farm sustainability.
Deforming Nodular Lesions in an Indigenous Person from Western Mexico
Authors: Rodriguez Miramontes Georgina , Cervantes Villegas Ossmara , García-Hernández Dianely A. , García-Lozano José Alberto
Published: August 2024

Deforming nodular lesions in an indigenous person from western Mexico compatible with leishmaniasis.