bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Évolution de la croissance radiale du pin d’Alep (Pinus halepensis Mill.) en Provence calcaire (sud-est de la France)
Authors: Rathgeber Cyrille , Nicault Antoine , Guiot Joël
Published: April 2020

Global changes : climatic change, atmospheric CO2 rise and nitrogen deposition increase, are likely to have an effect on forest production. Dendrochronology offers the possibility to verify this hypothesis in natural conditions since tree-ring data can be interpreted as indicators of forest ecosystem productivity. Numerous studies of radial tree growth have been carried out, mainly in temperate and cold climate regions. However, the Mediterranean region appears particularly promising for researching the causes of the observed trends. Dendrochronological data used in this study come from 21 Aleppo pine stands located in South-Eastern France. Analysed variables are : minimal density, earlywood density, earlywood width, maximal density, latewood density, latewood width, and a tree growth index. Raw data are used for minimal and maximal density, whilst the other variables are standardised. Trends are detected using simple linear regressions over the period from 1950 to 1990. In contrast to the results published in the scientific literature, this study does not find out positive general significant trends regarding ring widths. However, this work shows an increase of earlywood density and a decrease of latewood and maximum density. These observations are coherent with some recent experimental results, suggesting that the increase of the earlywood density could be a consequence of CO2 increase, whilst the decrease of latewood density could be a consequence of the increase of nitrogen deposition. Moreover, these results show that the decrease of latewood density, observed by several authors for North and Central Europe, seems also to be pertinent for South Europe. This suggests the influence of a common factor to all these regions which could be the increase of nitrogen deposition.
Priority Zones for Mediterranean protected agro sylvo pastoral landscapes
Authors: Terzi Massimo , Marvulli Marco
Published: April 2020

The conservation of Mediterranean protected agro sylvo pastoral landscapes very often has to reconcile conflicting forces related to socio-economic interests on the one hand and the needs of biodiversity protection on the other. These latter can be relevant in defining the environmental ranges and the biological constraints on which a sustainable use of protected landscapes should be developed. In this regard, the design of protected areas and their zoning play a pivotal role determining where and which activities should or should not be carried out. This paper considers two neighbouring parks in southern Italy, both characterized by large expanses of Mediterranean steppe grasslands and inhabited by the largest Italian population of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). In the study area, the lesser kestrels nest mainly in the historical centres of the towns surrounding the parks and feed in large open areas occupied mainly by cereal crops and steppe grasslands. Given the ecological role and the high conservation value of the lesser kestrel, the design of the two parks should encompass those areas needed to preserve the local population. In order to determine whether steppe variables (amount and types, at different distances from nest sites) were significant predictors of the colony sizes (dependent variables) of the lesser kestrel, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. The analysis showed colony size to be correlated significantly with the amount of steppe within a radius of 7.5 km of the nesting site. On the basis of these results, we identified and delimited in each park the so-called “Priority Zones”, that is the zones that should be the major focus of conservation efforts. We then compared the boundaries of these “Priority Zones” with those of the parks, as they were already defined, highlighting the implications for biodiversity conservation.
Distribution and phytogeographical analysis of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis in Greece
Authors: Pantera Anastasia , Papadopoulos Andreas , Fotiadis Georgios , Papanastasis Vasilios P.
Published: April 2020

Cet article présente la distribution de Q. ithaburensis

ssp. macrolepis en Grèce, ses conditions écologiques de base, telles que les caractéristiques du substrat et du sol, la topographie, les facteurs climatiques et bioclimatiques et des spectres chorologiques et des formes de vie. Les données ont été collectées à l’aide des questionnaires, envoyés à tous les services forestiers du pays et complétés par des observations et mesures sur le terrain. Les résultats montrent que Q. ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis couvrent une superficie de 29 631,8 ha, en formations forestières, dans les zones de plaines et semimontagneuses de la Grèce continentale et insulaire. Il est encore présent sous la forme d’arbres isolés dans plusieurs régions du pays. La sous-espèce se développe sur divers types de substrat et de sols avec des inclinaisons et expositions diverses, et sous différents types de bioclimats méditerranéens. Elle préfère des régions à basse et moyenne altitude, en bioclimat subhumide, sur des sols calcaires peu ou moyennement profonds. Tous ces critères combinés aux activités humaines influencent les structures de végétation dans chaque région. En raison du climat et des divers types d’interventions humaines, les éléments méditerranéens dominent. C’est seulement dans les forêts du nord du pays, que le pourcentage des éléments subméditerranéens augmente considérablement. En générale les forêts de Q. ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis sont caractérisées par la dominance des thérophytes.
Characteristics of the vegetation of tree stands on sacred sites in comparison to well-preserved forests in northwestern Morocco
Authors: Frosch Birgit
Published: April 2020

Muslim burial grounds and the surroundings of Saints’ tombs (marabouts) in Morocco consist of spontaneous vegetation which is often protected from land use due to religious believes. Nevertheless many sacred sites are subjected to land-use practices like grazing or cutting of wood which alter the vegetation. In the present study, the vegetation of tree stands on 68 sacred sites (cemeteries and marabouts) in northwestern Morocco was analysed and compared to the vegetation of least disturbed stands of the corresponding forest communities. Those are thermomediterranean evergreen forest communities dominated by the tree species Quercus coccifera L., Quercus suber L. and Olea europaea

L. The aim of the study was to determine the main factors affecting floristic differentiation of the sacred sites’ stands and to assess their degree of ‘naturalness’. The main gradient explaining floristic variance was associated with the proportion of annual species per plot and with the litter layer cover. Both were assumed to be proxies for the degree of land-use pressure, especially grazing. In heavily grazed tree stands, annual species replace woody and perennial plant species of the shrub and herbaceous layer (‘therophytization’), while in little used, non-grazed forest stands annual species are rare or lack completely. Different stand structure types, like isolated trees, do not have a strong influence on the floristic composition.

Quercus coccifera stands from the examined sacred sites were mostly similar in their floristic composition to reference Q. coccifera

stands, while Olea europaea stands showed no strong floristic similarity to reference stands.

Quercus suber stands were partly similar, partly unsimilar to reference stands.
Application of the Global Bioclimatic Classification to Iran: implications for understanding the modern vegetation and biogeography
Authors: Djamali Morteza , Akhani Hossein , Khoshravesh Roxana , Andrieu-Ponel Valérie , Ponel Philippe , Brewer Simon
Published: April 2020

This study aims at proposing a new bioclimatic zonation for Iran based on the recently developed Global Bioclimatic Classification System (GBC) and tries to re-appraise this classification system by checking the degree of correspondence between its bioclimatic zones and the distribution of major phytogeographical regions, biomes, and a selection of plant and insect taxa of Iran. After application of the GBC to Iranian meteorological data, three macrobioclimates, ten bioclimates, and three bioclimatic variants were distinguished. The Mediterranean macrobioclimate is the dominant macrobioclimate and correlates with the Irano-Turanian biogeographical region, the Tropical macrobioclimate in southern Iran correlates with the Saharo-Sindian region and finally a small Temperate macrobioclimatic zone in northern Iran correlates with the Euro-Siberian region. Mediterranean macrobioclimate of Iran displays a wide range of bioclimates including Mediterranean pluviseasonal-oceanic, Mediterranean xeric-oceanic, Mediterranean pluviseasonal-continental, Mediterranean xeric-continental, Mediterranean desertic-oceanic, and Mediterranean desertic-continental. Tropical macrobioclimate also shows a range of bioclimates including Tropical xeric, Tropical desertic, and Tropical hyperdesertic. Finally, Temperate macrobioclimate has only one bioclimate i. e.

Temperate oceanic. In conclusion, bioclimatic zones identified using the GBC system correlate well with the main phytogeographical regions of Iran at macrobioclimatic level and with major biomes at bioclimatic level. An advantage of the GBC over other bioclimatic classification systems is the inclusion of both seasonal and annual variations in those climatic parameters which are significant for the growth and development of plant populations and communities. GBC distinguishes several types of Mediterranean climate regimes for Iran and helps to differentiate between two different desert climate types i. e. Mediterranean and Tropical deserts in arid parts of the country. Because the climate in the Irano-Turanian region clearly differs from the Mediterranean region in its degree of continentality and seasonality, we propose the term ‘ xero-estival-continental’ or ‘Irano-Turanian’ instead of ‘Mediterranean’ bioclimate when describing the climate of continental Middle East and Central Asia.
Existing areas and past changes of wetland extent in the Mediterranean region: an overview
Authors: Perennou Christian , Beltrame Coralie , Guelmami Anis , Tomàs Vives Pere , Caessteker Pierre
Published: April 2020

Nous avons quantifié la surface de zones humides existant en Méditerranée, ainsi que leurs pertes au cours du siècle passé. Environ 18,5 millions d’hectares (± 3,5 millions) existaient vers l’an 2000, dont environ un quart de zones humides artificielles, principalement des réservoirs et des rizières. Les pertes sont estimées à environ 50 % au cours du XXe siècle. Les cartes d’occupation du sol tirées de CORINE Land-Cover ont aussi été utilisées, afin de tester si elles permettraient de suivre, à l’échelle requise, la surface totale, la surface par type de zones humides, et la perte de ces milieux.
Évaluation de l’impact des aménagements pastoraux sur la dynamique de la production des pâturages dégradés au Maroc oriental
Authors: Acherkouk Mohamed , El Houmaizi Mohamed Aziz
Published: April 2020

L’impact de trois techniques pastorales (mise en repos pastoral, plantation d’Atriplex nummularia et culture entre bandes arbustives) dans sept sites aménagés a été étudié sur la dynamique de la phytomasse sur pied des steppes dégradées du Maroc oriental, entre 2006 et 2012. Les sites sont annuellement pâturés en mode différé. Malgré le pâturage et la sécheresse récurrente, ces aménagements produisent un effet globalement positif sur l’évolution de la phytomasse annuelle sur pied en matière sèche (MS) ou en énergie (UF). Les résultats obtenus montrent que la phytomasse à l’intérieur des sites aménagés est nettement améliorée par rapport à l’extérieur. Cette amélioration s’exprime aussi bien selon le type de sites (en moyenne 370 kg MS/ ha dans les sites aménagés contre seulement 70 kg MS/ ha dans les pâturages libres ou 150 UF/ ha vs 30 UF/ ha respectivement) qu’en fonction du type de techniques pastorales utilisées (respectivement 950 kg MS/ ha contre 130 kg MS/ ha ou 320 UF/ ha vs 45 UF/ ha). La phytomasse est très intéressante dans les terrains pastoraux privés (600 kg MS/ ha à Irzaine et 540 kg MS/ ha à Sidi Moussa). Par contre, les terrains pastoraux collectifs aménagés sont souvent surexploités et peu respectés. D’où, la nécessité d’entamer les questions d’évaluation d’impact des projets avec une nouvelle approche écosystémique inspirée de l’écologie de restauration et de l’ingénierie écologique. Cette approche intègre toutes les composantes de l’écosystème (biophysique, sociale et économique) ainsi que leurs interactions, et implique tous les acteurs en vue d’un développement pastoral durable.
Le Genévrier thurifère, vieil arbre compagnon de l’homme en Méditerranée occidentale
Authors: Villar Luis
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Being a heliophilous species, Juniperus thurifera L. profited and colonized the open environment coming from the Tertiary and Quaternay climatic changes. Widespread over continental territories, mainly on limestone, between 200 and 3150 m a. s. l., it shows a fragmented area (N-Africa, Iberian Peninsula, Pyrénées, SE Alpes and Corsica). Biogeographically, it’s also defining ‘ relictic’ communities. Suffering along the times accidental fires, wild herbivours pressure, parasitic and symbiotic plant and animal, this tree was “ pre-adapted” to the human exploitation. Resistant to prune – in many cases a pollard tree – and to the action of herds, it constituted a toponymical reference, harbor, a hunting area, offered firewood and timber very resistant to the open air, medicinal products, pasture and cultivated lands, plants for bees, etc. Along centuries, the result was an agro-silvo-pastoral landscape which supported an autarchic or transhumant system. Moreover, old cultural regulations assured their stability. Nevertheless, until the 60’ s of the XXth century, the J. thurifera populations were more or less intensively cleared or destroyed. Fortunately enough, after this moment, these forests began to recover and increased their density, especially in Spain. First because of the rural abandonment, after because of the forest services interventions and finally due to the scientific and conservation policies we can contemplate a general protection of these special tree communities, mainly in Europe. It’s true that along the last times many works on its biology and ecology were carried out and published, but in this speech I would like to present some data and reflections on the gaps of knowledge around the incense juniper.
Typification de Juniperus thurifera var. africana Maire, délimitation taxonomique et conséquences nomenclaturales sur le Genévrier thurifère d’Algérie
Authors: Vela Errol , Schäfer Peter Andreas
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Spanish juniper populations of the Moroccan Atlas, very studied, are known to be distinct from European populations which justified creation of the taxon Juniperus thurifera var. africana Maire, often treated at subspecies rank. The Algerian populations from Aures mountain, in turn, have recently been reconciled with European populations on the basis of their genetic polymorphism (AFLP), which makes us question the taxonomic and nomenclatural status this biogeographical entity. A nomenclatural analysis was performed on all taxa associated with Juniperus thurifera. It showed that the René Maire’s var. africana includes heterogeneous collections from both Morocco and Algeria. One of the herbarium sheets from Algeria, recently designated as lectotypus, is unfortunately disabled, which is why we have designated another, collected from Morocco in order to conserve the dominant use. A taxonomic synthesis, completed by a brief morphological study of fruits based on herbarium samples, con- cludes with the desirable distinction of a Moroccan taxon (var. or subsp. africana) and an Algerian one, which has thus no name. We call it here Juniperus thurifera var. aurasiaca and a MPU herbarium sheet collected in Algeria by René Maire is designated as holotypus.
Cork oak (Quercus suber L.) forests of western Mediterranean mountains: a plant community comparison
Authors: Simonson William D. , Allen Harriet D.
Published: April 2020

Cork oak landscapes hold high socio-economic and biodiversity values. In the western Mediterranean they comprise open wood pastures as well as the denser forest stands that occur particularly in mountain regions. The aim of the current study was to compare the cork oak (Q. suber) forest vegetation of the Serra de Monchique (southern Portugal) with the more extensive formations of the Sierra del Aljibe (southern Spain). In particular, we sought to understand the degree of similarity of plant species composition and diversity components – species richness, endemicity and taxonomic singularity – between the two areas, with a view to establishing the importance of this vegetation type in its regional setting. We analyse vegetation plot data on vascular plant occurrence in the forests of the study areas through ordination and cluster analysis. Species richness, endemicity and taxonomic singularity are examined for the forest areas as well other common vegetation types in their vicinity. We find an overlap in species composition across Portugal and Spain, but also important local differences. In both areas, endemicity levels are low in comparison with other common vegetation types, but total and woody species richness is relatively high. We discuss these results in relation to previous comparisons between Aljibe and similar communities in the Tingitanian peninsula of northern Morocco. We conclude that the cork oak forests of this western Mediterranean region represent a conservation priority. They are faced with multiple threats, and their survival depends on a range of conservation approaches.
Les séries de végétation de la vallée d’Ascu (Corse) (typologie et cartographie au 1:25 000)
Authors: Delbosc Pauline , Bioret Frédéric , Panaïotis Christophe
Published: April 2020

Un programme national de Cartographie des Habitats naturels et semi-naturels (CarHAB) a été lancé par le ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable et de l’Énergie, en 2011. Ce travail, qui a concrètement débuté en 2012, a pour objectif de cartographier les végétations et les séries de végétation de France à l’échelle du 1 : 25 000 d’ici 2025. Dans ce contexte, la Corse a été choisie comme région «pilote » pour les particularités de ses végétations méditerranéenne et alticole. Au-delà même de cette singularité, l’évolution de la société agroastorale au cours du xxe siècle a profondément marqué le paysage végétal de Corse et constitue l’une des problématiques fondamentales pour appréhender les changements des trajectoires dynamiques des végétations. La vallée d’Ascu intègre cette double approche écologico-sociétale et pose avec acuité les questions de gestion de ces écosystèmes qui ont été, dans la plupart des cas, soumis aux activités agrosylvopastorales pendant des décennies. Les complexités écologique et végétale de la vallée d’Ascu ont été appréhendées selon la méthode phytosociologique dynamico-caténale sigmatiste. Ce travail a permis de discerner les gradients écologiques qui régissent les séries de végétation depuis l’étage mésoméditerranéen jusqu’à l’étage alpin. Après avoir rappelé les principes et les concepts fondamentaux de l’approche symphytosociologique, les apports sigmasystématiques sont exposés selon un plan écologique spatio-temporel (interprétation des descripteurs de causalité, structuraux et texturaux et des caractères phénoménologiques et bionomiques). Par ailleurs, la cartographie des séries de végétation a nécessité l’élaboration d’une méthodologie particulière, adaptée au contexte écologique de la vallée d’Ascu. Le présent document présente les connaissances méthodologiques typologiques et cartographiques des séries de végétation appliquées à la vallée d’Ascu, intégratrice de la diversité écosystémique et de la diversité agrosylvopastorale de la Corse.
Histoire de la vigne sauvage, Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris, en Camargue / Wild grapevine Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris in Camargue, southern France
Authors: Schnitzler-Lenoble Annik , Arnold Claire , Guibal Frédéric , Walter Jean-Michel
Published: April 2020

La vigne sauvage (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) est en déclin marqué depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Depuis 2000, l’espèce est considérée en danger critique d’extinction. Des prospections dans la vallée du Rhône ont montré qu’il existait quelques micropopulations jusque dans le delta. Une population de 52 pieds de grandes dimensions et présentant un phénotype sauvage a récemment été découverte en rive gauche du Grand Rhône, dans le boisement privé du mas Saint-Georges.

Une recherche pluridisciplinaire a été entreprise sur cette population de vignes afin de reconstituer leur histoire ; les outils utilisés ont été la génétique (effectuée sur 37 individus), l’écologie (dimensions des pieds, identification des porteurs), et la dendrochronologie effectuée sur 5 pieds. L’habitat forestier a également été analysé du point de vue architectural et dynamique de la lumière.

Trente et un (31) individus ont été déterminés comme étant de véritables vignes sauvages, dont la diversité est légèrement inférieure à celle des autres populations européennes. Quatre sont des individus hybrides ou introgressés : deux entre vignes sauvages et vignes américaines, et deux entre vignes sauvages et vignes cultivées. Trois haplotypes typiques des vignes sauvages ont été déterminés, indiquant que ce site est à un point de convergence entre populations méditerranéennes du sud, de l’ouest et du centre de la Méditerranée.

Le boisement a été suffisamment fermé pour éviter les échanges de pollen avec les vignes américaines échappées.

À partir de ces données et de l’analyse des cartes anciennes, il a pu être déduit que ce boisement s’était développé au début du XXe siècle à partir d’un marais asséché par les aménagements hydrauliques. L’âge des vignes, estimé par la dendrochronologie à une fourchette de 38 à 50 ans, pourrait cependant être de l’âge de la forêt. Les vignes se seraient installées lors de la succession forestière. Les caractéristiques architecturales du boisement (à la fois dense et lumineux) ont permis à la vigne de s’y établir sur une longue durée.

Actuellement, cette population ne se reproduit plus. Les conditions actuelles ne sont donc plus favorables à l’espèce, à l’inverse des populations échappées de porte-greffes, très abondantes en Camargue. Une protection forte de ces derniers pieds de vigne forestière devrait être mise en place avec l’accord des propriétaires.
Reconstruction of Mediterranean flora, vegetation and climate for the last 23 million years based on an extensive pollen dataset
Authors: Suc Jean-Pierre , Popescu Speranta-Maria , Fauquette Séverine , Bessedik Mostefa , Jiménez Moreno Gonzalo , Bachiri Taoufiq Naïma , Zheng Zhuo , Médail Frédéric , Klotz Stefan
Published: April 2020

In the last 46 years extensive effort has been devoted to the botanical identification of pollen grains from Neogene deposits. This robust approach is the only reliable way to reconstruct past flora and vegetation from pollen archives, additionally allowing fruitful comparisons with plant macroremains. Rich peri-Mediterranean fossil pollen data provide a comprehensive history of plant ecosystems during the last 23 million years. Successive disappearance of thermophilous-hygrophilous taxa has occurred. Severe changes affected the North Mediterranean vegetation which varied from prevalent forests to dominant open environments. Avicennia mangrove progressively perished from North to South and was replaced by Glyptostrobus swamps which in turn disappeared too in a diachronous way. Subtropical evergreen forests left room for Mediterranean sclerophyllous communities, and finally to Artemisia steppes which alternated with mesophilous forests during glacial-interglacial cycles. The South Mediterranean plant ecosystems contrasted with open subdesertic associations where Avicennia persisted up to the early Pliocene before the steppes invaded the lowlands. Neogene climate changes benefited the Mediterranean sclerophyllous plants that were already present in the early Miocene. Their subsequent fluctuations relate not only to temperature variations but maybe also to phases with high instability in seasonality and low variability in warmth. When present, Microtropis fallax is a serious candidate for identifying the primary Mediterranean sclerophyllous assemblages. Interpretation and climate quantification of the pollen data show a well-marked latitudinal contrast in the Mediterranean area both in temperature and humidity/ dryness. The thermic latitudinal gradient is characterized by a significant increase in the late Miocene towards its modern value. In the late Pliocene, climate evolved from overall warm temperatures and dry seasons to cooler winters and dry summers. General dryness and colder conditions developed during glacial periods, alternating with moister and warmer conditions during interglacials. Present refuges of Zelkova and Pterocarya are discussed. Desiccation of the Mediterranean led subdesertic plants and cedar to migrate in opposite ways. The present distribution of Cedrus illustrates its weakness against coolings although it seems to have been saved by geodynamic events.
Age of oils in West Greenland: was there a Mesozoic seaway between Greenland and Canada?
Authors: Bojesen-Koefoed Jørgen A. , Nytoft Hans Peter , Christiansen Flemming G.
Published: April 2020

For many years the existence of an oil-prone source rock off West Greenland was challenged by industry. But since 1992 when active oil seeps were found onshore West Greenland on the Nuussuaq peninsula (Fig. 1; Christiansen et al. 1996; Bojesen-Koefoed et al. 1999), the question has changed focus to the age, distribution and potential of the source rock. Five different oils – each with their own characteristics – have been reported by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS). One of these, a typical marine shalederived oil with a possible regional distribution, is known as the Itilli oil. Geochemical analysis suggests that it may have been generated from Cenomanian–Turonian age marine shales, equivalent to prolific source rocks known from Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Three of the other oils were generated from deltaic source rocks of Albian, Campanian and Paleocene ages, while one is of unknown origin (Bojesen-Koefoed et al. 1999). The presence of a regional marine source rock is important to petroleum exploration; GEUS has therefore investigated the possible existence of Mesozoic, in particular Cenomanian–Turonian, petroleum source rocks in West Greenland offshore areas. Since sediments older than the Santonian are not known from any of the six wells drilled offshore West Greenland (Fig. 1), assessment of oil-prone source rocks in older sedimentary successions must rely on circumstantial evidence offered by oil chemistry data and analogy studies. Petroleum in quantities amenable to chemical analysis has so far not been recovered from offshore. However, oilbearing fluid inclusions are known from the Ikermiut-1 well (unpublished data 2001, Phillips Petroleum and GEUS), a gas-kick was recorded during drilling of the Kangâmiut-1 well (Bate 1997), and seismic data indicate hydrocarbons in many areas (cross-cutting reflectors, bright spots, smearing of seismic). Petroleum exploration offshore West Greenland suffered for many years under the misconception that oceanic crust covered vast areas, rendering the region unattractive. However, the presence of thick sedimentary successions and rotated fault blocks in Cretaceous basins have been demonstrated to be present in areas previously believed to be underlain by Cretaceous–Tertiary oceanic crust (cf. Chalmers & Pulvertaft 2001). New high-quality seismic data, acquired by the seismic company TGS-NOPEC over recent years, combined with gravimetric data, have further demonstrated the presence of deep basins containing thick sedimentary successions in other areas (e.g. Christiansen et al. 2002). Despite the progress made over the past few years, the geological evolution of the Davis Strait region in general remains poorly understood, but new data on oil chemistry may shed some light on the history of this region.
Seismic and petrophysical properties of Faroe Islands basalts: the SeiFaBa project
Authors: Japsen Peter , Sparre Andersen Morten , Boldreel Lars Ole , Boldreel Lars Ole , Waagstein Regin , White Robert S. , Worthington Michael
Published: April 2020

Flood basalt-covered basins exist worldwide along continental margins and are now in focus as targets for future hydrocarbon exploration. It is generally difficult to image through the basalt cover by conventional seismic reflection methods, and this is a major challenge to future petroleum exploration offshore the Faroe Islands. Long-offset profiling has proven very successful (White et al. 2003). Surprisingly, however, it is possible to image through kilometre-thick basalt sequences on some conventional profiles. Details of basalt stratigraphy are revealed on old, reprocessed seismic profiles as well as on recently acquired profiles, even though the imaging may be unsuccessful on nearby profiles (e.g. Boldreel & Andersen 1993). This stresses the need for a better understanding of the acoustic and other physical properties of basalt as well as of the degree of three-dimensional heterogeneity. The SeiFaBa project (Seismic and petrophysical properties of Faroes Basalt, 2002–2005) is funded by the Sindri Group as part of the programmes for licensees within the Faroese offshore area, and addresses these issues with special focus on the subaerially extruded flood basalts of the Faroe Islands (cf. Japsen et al. in press).
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Dan Model Pembelajaran Resiprokal Terhadap Hasil Belajar Passing Atas Dalam Permainan Bola Voli Pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Di Sma Pasundan 2 Kabupaten Cianjur
Authors: Rivan Syukur Muhamad , Setiawan Ayep
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif dan model pembelajaran resiprokal terhadap hasil belajar passing atas dalam permainan bola voli pada siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMA Pasundan 2 Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain “randomized pre test-post test design”. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler bola voli di SMA Pasundan 2 Cianjur berjumlah 32 siswa. Teknik penyempelan dari populasi ke sampel menggunkan teknik random sampling sehingga sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 30 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah ketepatan passing atas dari Nurhasan (2001:169). Analisis data menggunakan uji prasyarat yang terdiri atas mencari rata-rata kelompok dan simpangan baku selanjutnya uji normalitas semua data yang berdistribusi normal dan uji homogenitas semua data yang bervariansi homogen dan uji t dengan signifikansi 0,05 (5%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Model pembelajaran kooperatif memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar passing atas dalam permainan bola voli pada siswa ekstrakurikuler bola voli di SMA Pasundan 2 Cianjur, dengan t hitung 81,29 > t tabel 2.05. (2) Model pembelajaran resiprokal memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar passing atas dalam permainan bola voli pada siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMA Pasundan 2 Cianjur, dengan t hitung 89,16 > t tabel 2.05. (3) Model pembelajaran resiprokal lebih memberikan pengaruh secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif terhadap hasil belajar passing atas dalam permainan bola voli pada siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMA Pasundan 2 Cianjur, dengan t hitung 4,450 > t tabel 2.05 dengan taraf signifikan α 0.05. Teruji kebenarannya dalam penelitian ini.
Pengaruh Metode Latihan Interval Dan Kemampuan Agility Terhadap Peningkatan Keterampilan Dribbling Permainan Sepak Bola
Authors: Zakky Mubarok Mochamad
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalahUntuk mengetahui pengaruh  antara metode latihan interval intensif dan metode interval ekstensif terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dasar dribbling sepak bola; (Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2 x 2. Populasi 46 orang dan sampel 24 orang di Propelat Soccer School. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode interval intensif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode interval ekstensif yang dijelaskan pada hipotesis I (F = 5,554. P-value = 0,029 < 0,050), Tidak terdapat interaksi pada metode latihan interval dengan kemampuan agility terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dirbbling sepak bola untuk hipotesis II (F = 0,906. P-value = 0,353 > 0,050). Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Metode latihan interval intensif memiliki pengaruh yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode interval ekstensif terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dasar dribbling sepak bola; (2) Tidak terdapat interaksi pada metode latihan interval dengan kemampuan agility terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dirbbling sepak bola; (3) Pengaruh metode latihan interval intensif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode interval ekstensif pada kelompok kemampuan agility tinggi terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dasar dribbling sepak bola; (4) Pengaruh metode latihan interval ekstensif lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode interval intensif pada kemampuan agility rendah terhadap peningkatan keterampilan dasar dribbling sepak bola.
Kontribusi Daya Ledak Otot Lengan Dan Daya Ledak Otot Tungkai Terhadap Hasil Smash
Authors: Rivan Syukur Muhamad , Kastrena Ervan
Published: April 2020

Daya Ledak merupakan komponen kondisi fisik yang sangat penting serta berguna untuk menunjang dalam melakukan kegiatan fisik khususnya untuk melakukan teknik dasar smash.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara akurat mengenai kontribusi daya ledak otot lengan dan daya ledak otot tungkai terhadap hasil smash. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah deskrptif korelasi dengan desain penelitian korelasional. Instrumen smash yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah menggunakan nomor di setiap sisi lapangan. Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS versi 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukan (1) Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara daya ledak otot lengan terhadap keberhasilan dalam melakukan smash pada atlet bola voli di Ma AL-Riyad (r=.417), (2) Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara daya ledak otot tungkai terhadap keberhasilan dalam melakukan smash pada atlet bola voli di Ma AL-Riyad (r=612), (3) Ada hubungan yang signifikan secara bersamaan antara daya ledak otot lengan dan daya ledak otot tungkai terhadap keberhasilan dalam melakukan smash pada atlet bola voli di Ma AL-Riyad (Ryx1x2= 0.630). Kesimpulan menunjukan bahwa besarnya korelasi bersamaan antara daya ledak otot lengan dan daya ledak otot tungkai dengan kemampuan smash dihitung dengan koefisien korelasi yang kuat.
Pengaruh Kekuatan Otot Lengan dengan Kelincahan terhadap Ketepatan Smash Bola Voli pada Club Aneka
Authors: Qohhar Wildan
Published: April 2020

Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh kekuatan otot lengan dengan kelincahan terhadap ketepatan smash dalam bola voli pada club aneka di cilegon, sedangkan sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 15 atlet yang terdiri dari 15 putra, teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu sampel jenuh. Desain penelitian menggunakan pretest - posttest control group desain. Instrument yang digunakan yaitu mengukur ketepatan smash. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh kekuatan otot lengan terhadap ketepatan smash diperoleh thitung 8.256 > ttabel 2.145 dan nilai signifikasi 0.000 <0.05 Maka dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kekutan otot lengan lebih berpengaruh dibandingakn dengan kelincahan terhadap ketepatan smash dalam bola voli pada club aneka di Cilegon. Dengan demikian untuk mendapatkan ketepatan smash yang baik dalam berlatih ataupun bertanding harus disertai dengan latihan kekuatan otot lengan.
Meningkatkan Waktu Aktif Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani
Authors: Trisna Rahayu Ega
Published: April 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai “Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Waktu Aktif Belajar Siswa”. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (The Classroom Action Research). Dalam desain yang di gunakan adalah model siklus yang meliputi langkah-langkah perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Populasi yang di gunakan dengan cara purposiv sampel, sebanyak 32 siswa kelas III. Instrument yang digunakan adalah berupa catatan lapangan (Duration Recoding) yaitu penggunaan waktu aktif belajar pendidikan jasmani melalui observasi dengan rerata 55% sehingga di tentukan target capaian dengan rerata 80%. Berdasarkan peneltian pada siklus I (Tindakan I, II dan III) 80,43%, dikarenakan sudah melampaui target penelitian di cukupkan pada siklus II. Berdasarkan hasil analisi data maka di peroleh kesimpulan pemanfaatan media pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani cukup berarti terhadap peningkatan waktu aktif belajar siswa SDN Sarimulya 1 Kecamatan Kota Baru Kabupaten Karawang.
Peningkatan Latihan Kekuatan Otot Lengan Terhadap Hasil Servis Atas Bola Voli
Authors: Faridhatunnisa Fania , Kurniawan Pratama Andi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan latihan kekuatan otot lengan terhadap hasil servis atas paa siswa kela XI Peasaran di SMK Pasundan 2 Cianjur. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan menggunakan 3 siklus dari Arikunto (2009). Sample yang diambil berjumlah 26 orang, jumlah 26 siswa terdiri dari 13 putra 13 putri pengumpulan data menggunakan (NCSU Volleyball Skill Test Battery; Bartlett, 1991; Morrow, 2011) dan observasi. Hasil penelitian pada pra siklus menunjukan bahwa untuk hasil servis atas bola voli hanya 12% atau 3 orang siswa yang memperoleh nilai KKM (tuntas). Kemudian pada siklus I meningkat yaitu menjadi 31% atau 8 orang siswa yang memperoleh nilai KKM (tuntas). Pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 42% atau 11 orang siswa yang memperoleh nilai KKM (tuntas). Pada siklus terkahir siklu III nilai yang diperoleh mengalami peningkatn yang cukup memuakan yaitu 81% atau 21 orang siswa memperoleh nilai KKM (tuntas). Kesimpulannya bahwa latihan kekuatan otot lengan dapat meingkatkan hasil servis atas bola voli pada siswa kelas XI Pemasaran di SMK Pasundan 2 Cianjur.
COMPOSICIÓN, FISIOLOGÍA Y BIOSÍNTESIS DE LA CUTÍCULA EN PLANTAS
Authors: Tafolla-Arellano Julio C. , González-León Alberto , Tiznado-Hernández Martín E. , Zacarías García Lorenzo , Báez-Sañudo Reginaldo
Published: April 2020

La cutícula es la capa protectora que se encuentra en la superficie más externa de las plantas y que interacciona con el ambiente, la cual se encuentra en todas las partes aéreas de las plantas superiores. La cutícula está constituida principalmente de dos tipos de polímeros lipofílicos, cutina y ceras cuticulares, los cuales son alterados tanto en su composición como ultraestructura por factores genéticos, fisiológicos y ambientales, tanto durante el crecimiento y desarrollo como durante la postcosecha, por lo que no se debe generalizar sobre su morfología y composición química. La cutícula desempeña un papel importante al actuar como una barrera que reduce la pérdida de agua y difusión de gases, evita la acumulación de agua y polvo, participa en las interacciones planta-insecto, participa en la traducción de señales para la activación de genes específicos, controla los cambios de temperatura, y provee soporte mecánico. Aun cuando se conoce mucho sobre la composición y ultraestructura de la cutícula, es relativamente poco lo que se conoce acerca de su biosíntesis. En la presente revisión se compila y analiza la información científica actual referente a la biosíntesis de la cutícula, que incluye los trabajos más recientes sobre las vías de transporte de los polímeros cuticulares a través de la pared celular, que es el fenómeno menos conocido.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE RIZOBACTERIAS AISLADAS DE TOMATE Y SU EFECTO EN EL CRECIMIENTO DE TOMATE Y PIMIENTO
Authors: Luna-Martínez Laura , Martínez-Peniche Ramón A. , Hernández-Iturriaga Montserrat , Arvizu-Medrano Sofía M. , Pacheco Aguilar Juan R.
Published: April 2020

El empleo de biofertilizantes con base en rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento, constituye una alternativa biotecnológica para mejorar la producción de especies de interés hortícola. En el presente trabajo se identificaron mediante análisis del gen 16S rRNA, cuatro rizobacterias previamente aisladas de plantas de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), las que fueron caracterizadas por sus propiedades bioquímicas relacionadas con la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y evaluadas por su efecto en la germinación y crecimiento de plántulas de tomate y pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.). Las cuatro cepas, denominadas MA04, MA06, MA12 y MA17, pertenecen al género Bacillus, producen ácido indolacético (0.9 a 2.3 mg L-1), solubilizan fósfato tricálcico (18.5 a 34.7 mg L-1) y poseen actividad ACC deaminasa. Además, MA04, MA06 y MA12 fueron capaces de crecer en ausencia de nitrógeno (potenciales fijadoras de nitrógeno atmosférico). Al evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de estas rizobacterias en semillas de tomate se encontró que MA04 y MA17 aumentaron el porcentaje de germinación en 5 y 6 % respectivamente, mientras que las cepas MA06 y MA12 incrementaron el peso de las plántulas en 17 y 20 % respectivamente. En semillas de pimiento, la cepa MA06 incrementó el porcentaje de germinación en 7 %, y MA12 y MA17 incrementaron la biomasa en 37 y 16 %, respectivamente. La cepa MA12 fue más versátil para promover el crecimiento de plántulas de tomate y pimiento, y podría recomendarse para la formulación de biofertilizantes destinados al tratamiento de tales cultivos.
‘H-561’, NUEVO HÍBRIDO DE MAÍZ RESISTENTE A PUDRICIONES DE MAZORCA PARA REGIONES TROPICALES
Authors: Coutiño-Estrada Bulmaro , Salinas-Moreno Yolanda , Gómez-Montiel Noel , Vidal-Martínez Víctor A.
Published: April 2020

En el sureste de México, el Estado de Chiapas es el principal productor de maíz (Zea mays L.) y contribuye con 8.8 % de la producción nacional (SIAP, 2013). En esa entidad, en el año 2011 se produjeron 1.5 millones de toneladas de grano, en una superficie de 706 442 ha, con un rendimiento promedio de 2.2 t ha-1, lo que generó un valor de producción de 6225 millones de pesos. La principal zona maicera de la entidad se encuentra en regiones de clima cálido húmedo y subhúmedo de los Distritos de Desarrollo Rural (DDR) de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Villaflores, Palenque, Pichucalco, Tapachula, Selva Lacandona y Tonalá, en donde se produce 69 % del grano.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA SISTEM KREDIT SEMESTER DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH SISWA DI SMAN 1 TANJUNG
Authors: Farahdiyana Hani
Published: April 2020

Sistem Kredit Semester ditujukan untuk mengakomodir berbagai perbedaan individual siswa, sehingga siswa dapat diberikan layanan yang optimal oleh sekolah dalam mengembangkan potensi diri sebaik dirirnya dalam mempercepat proses studinya. Penyelenggaraan program Sistem Kredit Semester ini diharapkan akan dapat mengakomodir segala bentuk kemajamukan potensi siswa, dengan diselenggarakannya program Sistem Kredit Semester ini juga memungkinkan siswa untuk dapat menyelesaikan program pendidikannya lebih cepat dari periode yang ditentukan oleh setiap satuan pendidikan. Program Sistem Kredit Semester ini masih menjadi hal baru dalam dunia pendidikan khususnya jenjang pendidikan menengah, sehingga pengimplementasian program Sistem Kredit Semester ini masih memunculkan perencanaan program, pengorganisasian program, pelaksanaan program hingga evaluasi program. Hal lain yang perlu dicermati dalam penerapan program Sistem Kredit Semester adalah sekolah perlu memberikan pelayanan yang ekstra kepada siswa seperti pelayanan instruksional dan pelayanan bantuan.
Desafios cognitivos da representação da oferta e da demanda em gráficos elaborados por estudantes universitários
Authors: Hofmann Ruth Margareth
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho analisa registros de representação gráfica de oferta e demanda construídos por estudantes de Engenharia, no intuito de identificar desafios cognitivos subjacentes ao ensino de Economia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória que utilizou gráficos elaborados por 47 alunos durante um exercício realizado em uma aula de Economia. Dentre os resultados obtidos, podem-se destacar a falta de familiaridade com a estática comparativa enquanto método de análise econômica e a dificuldade conceitual e gráfica inerente às distinções entre demanda e quantidade demandada, oferta e quantidade ofertada. Os resultados encontram respaldo empírico em trabalhos relacionados à literatura acerca dos desafios cognitivos subjacentes à interpretação de gráficos. Os desafios cognitivos observados referem-se a falhas de codificação, de rotulagem e de processamento de informação, por exemplo.
PERBANDINGAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH (Oryza sativa L.) DI DALAM DAN DI LUAR AREAL TAMBANG (Studi Kasus Areal Tambang PT. Multi Harapan Utama di Desa Jonggon Jaya Kecamatan Loa Kulu) (The Income Comparison of Wetland Paddy Farming (Oryza sativa L.) in Inside and Outside of Mining Area (Case Study Mining Area of PT. Multi Harapan Utama in Jonggong Jaya Village Loa Kulu Subdistrict))
Authors: SINAGA MARKUSDIAN , ZAINI ACHMAD
Published: April 2020

The purposes of this research were to determine the income of wetland paddy farming in inside and outside of mining area and to compare both of them. This research was conducted from August to October 2018 in minning area of PT. Multi Harapan Utama, Jonggon Jaya Village, Loa Kulu Subdistrict. Data  collection was done through direct interview toward 33 respondents. Data was analyzed to count income and to do t test. The result of this research showed that the average income of wetland paddy farming in inside mining area was IDR12,049,299.99 ha-1ps-1 while the average income of wetland paddy farming in outside mining area was IDR10,663,654.70 ha-1ps-1. Income of wetland paddy farming in  inside mining area was bigger than that in outside mining area based on tcount > ttable (3.637 > 2.039).
Fibroma ossificante central em criança: relato de caso
Authors: Angarani Germano , Brito Lucas Teixeira , Izac Angela Beatriz Cavalcante de Amorim , Silveira Rubens Jorge
Published: April 2020

O fibroma ossificante central, de acordo com a última classificação da OMS, é um tumor de origem odontogênica, por apresentar origem nas células do ligamento periodontal. A maior parte das lesões são encontradas nas regiões próximas aos dentes com mais frequência em mandíbula. Acometem mais o sexo feminino e a idade mais incidente é por volta da terceira década de vida. Achados imaginológicos e/ou assimetrias faciais são as principais suspeitas. O diagnóstico deve incluir informações da anamnese, bem como exames de imagem e histopatológico que confirma a natureza da lesão. O tratamento pode variar desde uma curetagem da lesão até ressecção em bloco de acordo com o tamanho da lesão e sua localização. Os autores descrevem o caso clínico de uma paciente de 13 anos, sexo feminino, com lesão unilateral em mandíbula. O tratamento proposto, após confirmação da lesão através da biópsia incisional, foi a exérese da lesão com preservação do nervo mentual, realizado sob anestesia local. Com 6 meses de acompanhamento, a lesão se mostrou persistente, porém com alterações mediante novo histopatológico. Diante da ausência de expansão da lesão e a idade da paciente, bem como seu desenvolvimento ósseo, optou-se pela proservação do caso, com acompanhamentos semestrais. As lesões fibro-ósseas devem ser tratadas de forma individualizada e de acordo com a vivência do cirurgião, haja vista que por apresentarem curso benigno, as ressecções amplas devem ser ponderadas, nesse caso se faz necessário discutir as condutas frente a essas lesões.