bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Justification of the priority indicators choice for water quality control in aquifers
Authors: Gorbanev Sergei A. , Stepanyan Alex A. , Isaev Daniil S. , Mozzhukhina Natalya A. , Eremin Gennadiy B. , Myasnikov Igor O.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The study of the aquifers water quality is an urgent task due to the increasing volumes of groundwater consumed, on the one hand, and the supply of drinking water to the population with insufficient water treatment or without it at all, on the other. In the Leningrad Region, one thousand three hundred thirty two water sources are used for drinking and household water supply to the population, while water without water treatment is supplied to the population of a significant number of settlements. Materials and methods. In this study, a systematic analysis, statistical analysis, and the first stage of health risk assessment - the identification of danger were conducted. Research materials included 2634 water quality laboratory studies protocols (135200 studies) of 728 underground water sources of the Leningrad region for 2018-2021; data of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring (FIF SGM) (34709 studies) for 2009-2019, reports on the results of searches and assessments of groundwater reserves for settlements water supply for 2003-2015; sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on the possibility of using water sources for drinking and household water supply, placed in the register of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing. Results. The analysis of the laboratory examinations results of the underground water quality, due to natural factors, from various aquifers was exploited in the studied area. Substances which concentrations exceed the maximum permissible level have been identified. The first carried out stage of health risk assessment included hazard identification with ranking of chemicals by hazard indices for all operational aquifers. Recommendations are given on the adjustment of social-hygienic monitoring and industrial control programs of underground water quality, as well as on the improvement of water treatment systems. Limitations. In this study there was a limitation on the nitrogen triad compounds origin and petroleum products analysis, in addition, the health risk assessment was limited to the hazard identification stage, due to the fact that exposure assessment was not performed. Conclusion. Based on the ranking, there were identified carcinogenic substances as follows: arsenic, beryllium, lead, cadmium and substances that don`t have a carcinogenic effect: fluoride ion, ammonium ion, calcium, sodium, barium, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, manganese, iron, which must be included in the groundwater industrial control programs.
Methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating the effects of electromagnetic fields generated by smartphones
Authors: Nikitina Valentina N. , Kalinina Nina I. , Lyashko Galina G. , Dubrovskaya Ekaterina N. , Plekhanov Vladimir P.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Among the population, smartphones are the most common mobile radio frequency receiving and transmitting devices with a complex operating system, a microprocessor, a large amount of memory, etc. It is an urgent task to measure and evaluate the smartphone electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposing to a person. The purpose of the study. Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range (RF) created by smartphones. Materials and methods. Analysis of foreign and domestic regulatory and methodological documents, scientific publications on the measurement and evaluation of the effects of EMF of mobile phones. Conducting pilot instrumental measurements during the operation of smartphones in the real mode of using the subscriber terminal. Results. There are presented results of the study of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of smartphones. The study of methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating the smartphone EMF in foreign and domestic regulatory and methodological documents, publications on the issue under consideration in scientific peer-reviewed journals. There have been performed pilot instrumental measurements of energy flux density (EFD) levels of EMF when different smartphone models are working indoors in dial mode. Limitations. The measurement of EMF levels by the broadband measuring instrument PZ-42 limited the possibilities of a detailed assessment of EMF. Conclusion. A detailed study of the EMF parameters created by smartphones in a wide range of frequencies and under various operating modes (data reception/transmission using the Internet, Wi-Fi connections, operation in router mode, etc.) is required. It is necessary to develop and manufacture domestic selective devices - EMF meters of the radio frequency range, including in the near zone radiation.
Development of methodological approaches to conducting monitoring of traffic noise and its assessment using acoustic modelling methods
Authors: Smirnov Vladimir V. , Sklyar Dmitriy N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. At present, considerable attention is paid to the problems of noise pollution in urban and rural settlements. Transport is the main source of noise in the structure of complaints about unfavourable living conditions in dense urban areas. Material and methods. Materials for selecting the most significant criteria or grouping the objects of surveillance were in situ instrumental measurements of noise levels and the results of acoustic calculations obtained during the processing of an acoustic model. In situ measurements of noise levels were made in St. Petersburg on the territory of residential areas. The acoustic models were built using the software “Acoustics 3D”. Noise source parameters were set according to the data obtained during field measurements. Results. During the development of methodological approaches, the criteria for grouping the objects of surveillance were defined. In accordance with the selected criteria, were formed 8 surveillance groups. As a result of the measurements, the difference in noise levels between the typical points within the group was no found to exceed 2 dB. To verify the developed criteria here acoustic modelling was performed. Limitations. On the territory of St. Petersburg over the year, study included one thousand measurements. Conclusion. The developed criteria make it possible to expand the list of control objects while reducing labour costs for conducting socio-hygienic monitoring, while maintaining the objectivity of the results of the acoustic pollution levels of the territory.
The factor of outstanding acceleration in the operation of vehicles
Authors: Kopytenkova Olga I. , Dubrovskaya Ekaterina N. , Levanchuk Leonid A.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Scientific research has established the connection of physical factors of the working environment with the pathology of the musculoskeletal system of vehicle drivers. Outstanding acceleration is one of the operational characteristics of vehicles. Due to the fact this factor to have an adverse effect on the stability of metal structures, it is impossible to exclude its adverse effect on the health of workers. The purpose of the study. Identification and the study of outstanding acceleration, and its connection with the formation of pathology of the musculoskeletal system in workers of the transport industry. Material and methods. Review of domestic and foreign scientific literature, measurement of acceleration indicators during vehicle movement, calculation of risk indicators in accordance with MP 2.2.0085-14 “Assessment and forecast of reliability and occupational risk of drivers of various vehicles”. The research was carried out on the example of railway transport. To measure the outstanding acceleration, a single-axis accelerometer Low Noise 21kHz 100g 1-axis accel (for the X axis), measuring range ± 100 g, and ADXL345BCCZ, a 3-axis (x, y, z) digital accelerometer, ±2 g/±4 g/±8 g/±16g [LGA-14 (3×5)], measuring range ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, ±16g. Results. Employees operating railway transport constantly experience low levels of frontal, unbalanced acceleration during speed gain, braking, as well as sagittal acceleration when the locomotive is moving. Prolonged exposure to the constantly changing intensity and direction of the impact of unbalanced acceleration can cause the formation of pathology in the lumbosacral spine, registered as a disease associated with production, in drivers of vehicles. Calculations of the risk indicators for the formation of pathology revealed risk higher levels in locomotive crews compared to unexposed workers. Limitations. Currently, there are no methods of hygienic assessment of the factor of outstanding acceleration identified as a factor of the occupation environment of workers operating vehicles. Conclusion. The unbalanced acceleration must be identified as a harmful professional factor of the working environment for drivers of vehicles, which, in combination with others, can lead to the formation of production-related pathology. This factor of the working environment needs further study, development of measurement, evaluation, analysis and control methods for it.
Ultrasound examination of the upper extremity vessels in the early diagnosis of peripheral angiodystonic syndrome of occupational etiology
Authors: Ulanovskaya Ekaterina V. , Shilov Victor V. , Kovshov Aleksandr A. , Kuprina Nadezhda I. , Nikanov Alexandr N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The cardiovascular system reacts to almost all occupational hazards. Various methods for diagnostics, in particular ultrasound, may help to identify preclinical forms of the disease. The study aims to development of criteria for early diagnosis of occupational diseases of the vessels of the upper extremities in machine-building workers. Materials and methods. One hundred twenty-six workers of a machine-building plant were examined using standard clinical and laboratory methods, ultrasound examination of the vessels of the upper extremities and X-ray examination of the hands. Results. Laboring job, hand-arm and whole-body vibration, and noise with an average work experience of 21 years are risk factors for spastic changes in the vessels of the upper extremities in workers of machine-building production. X-ray changes in the hands are determined in 83% of cases and manifest themselves as a violation of local blood circulation, cystic restructuring in the bones of the wrists, and peri-articular osteopenia. Characteristic signs of vascular pathology detected by ultrasound are an increase in the resistance index with the preservation of speed indices (in 100%), impaired venous outflow (in 82%), and pathological tortuosity of blood vessels (in 76%). Limitations. We did not standardize workers depending on tobacco smoking due to the low number of workers in certain occupations. Conclusion. The results of ultrasound examination of the main vessels of the upper extremities in power engineering workers showed the presence of spastic vascular changes, which, with further exposure to occupational hazards, develop into angiodystonic syndrome, which is one of the syndromes of effects of vibration or polyneuropathy.
Health risks from exposure to chemicals in Arctic enterprises
Authors: Syurin Sergei A. , Kizeev Aleksei N.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Chemicals of various hazard classes are among the most common harmful production factors. We aimed to study conditions for the occurrence, prevalence and structure of occupational diseases from exposure to chemicals at enterprises in the Arctic in order to exclude cases of early restriction or complete termination of the labour activity of workers. The study design was to analyze data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population” in the Russian Federation in 2007-2020. Materials and methods. We studied the data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation” in 2007-2020. Results. In the Russian Arctic in 2007-2020, the share of chemicals in the structure of harmful production factors was 7.6%. They were the cause of 7.8% of occupational diseases, the number of which tended to decrease. Characteristic for this group of diseases is the predominant damage to the respiratory organs (74.6%) in workers in the nickel industry (68.3%). Also, a feature of the diseases was the formation in a shorter time (24.3±0.4 years); greater risk in women (relative risk (RR) = 3.48, confidence interval (CI) 2.91-4.16; p<0.001); greater risk of malignancy (RR=3.55; CI 3.13-4.02; p<0.001). Out of five hundred seventy one case of occupational pathology of nickel production workers, 355 (62.2%) were caused by water-insoluble nickel compounds. Other 188 (32.9%) and 28 (4.9%) cases were due to hydroaerosols of nickel salts and nickel tetracarbonyl, respectively. Out of 164 cases of intoxication, 138 (84.1%) had a chronic course and were mainly caused by nickel compounds (87.7%). The main cause of acute intoxication (n=26) was carbon monoxide (76.9%). Limitations. Methods for determining concentrations of chemicals in the air of work areas do not provide an accurate exposure assessment in workers who use personal protective equipment. Conclusion. To reduce the occupational health risks from chemicals, first of all, it is necessary, to decrease concentrations of nickel compounds in the air of the nickel enterprise working areas. In the prevention of certain forms of occupational pathology, priority should be given to respiratory diseases from exposure to water-insoluble nickel compounds, malignant neoplasms and acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Lifestyle factors and risks for work-related diseases
Authors: Sorokin Gennady A. , Chistyakov Nikolay D. , Kiryanova Marina N. , Bulavina Irina D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. In the statistics of health disorders of the working population, the indicator of occupationally caused diseases dominates. An assessment of the risk of various chronic diseases depending on lifestyle (LS), environmental situation, hereditary factors and quality of medical care is given. There is a need for a more detailed study of the risks associated with lifestyle characteristics during off-hours. Objective: using the criterion of health risk, to assess the social, economic and behavioral characteristics of the lifestyle of employees. Materials and methods. One thousand four hundred and sixty eight employees were examined. 5 criteria for assessing the risk of health disorders were used: the risks of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), deterioration of health and long-term diseases throughout the year; the risks of hypertension and respiratory diseases. With the help of a questionnaire on a four-point scale, 10 lifestyle characteristics were evaluated outside of working hours. The degree and frequency of normal fatigue at work and workload were assessed - the physiological norm of hours per week. Results. For all risk criteria, mental stress (worries, troubles, anxieties, conflicts), is the most significant with contribution to the risks 5-11%. The socio-economic characteristics of the LS increase the risks of CFS, annual deterioration of health and long-term diseases by 7-10%. Lack of sleep increases the risk of CFS by 8%. A decrease in free off-duty time significantly affects the increase in the risk of CFS and hypertension (6.1% and 4.1%). The increase in the intensity of smoking increases all the risks of health disorders (respiratory diseases by 6.7%). The dependence of the LS on the workload and production fatigue has been established. Limitations. The study is limited to taking into account 10 lifestyle characteristics and 5 criteria for assessing the risk of workers’ health disorders. The disadvantages of this study include the lack of consideration of the lifestyle factor - alcohol consumption. Further studies are supposed to take into account the influence of this behavioral factor. Conclusions. The risks of various health disorders due to lifestyle characteristics have been established. The greater the workload, starting from 43 standard hours per week, the more unhealthy are most lifestyle characteristics, which in turn increase the degree and frequency of fatigue from working conditions and occupational workload.
Alcohol Abuse Adult Population as a Marker of the Socio-Economic Problems
Authors: Glushkova Anzhela V. , Karelin Alexander O. , Yeremin Gennadiy B.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. According to WHO data, over the past five years in the Russian Federation, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the level of alcohol consumption from 10.99 liters in 2012 to 13.9 liters in 2019 per capita. The leaders in vodka consumption in Russia are the Sakhalin and Magadan regions, the Republics of Komi, Karelia and Chukotka. Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation on the level of socio-economic development of regions for the period from 2015 to 2019 was carried out for the country as a whole and in particular the North Western Federal District (NWFD), as well as data on the level of alcohol abuse of the adult working-age population for the specified period in the country as a whole. The above mentioned indicators for the Novgorod and Pskov regions are presented in more detail. Results. Practically in all regions of the NWFD there is a natural population decline. The most favourable situation is observed in the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. The Komi Republic, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Novgorod and Pskov regions are in the lead. The most unfavourable socio-economic conditions for living have developed in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Karelia, Komi, Novgorod and Pskov regions. The leaders in the incidence of alcoholism among the adult population in the NWFD were the Novgorod Region, the Nenets Autonomous Region, the Pskov and Arkhangelsk Regions and the Komi Republic. Almost all regions of the Far North are in the top five in terms of alcohol abuse by the adult working-age population, which indicates a very difficult situation with alcoholism among the population living in the Arctic region. Limitations. Sufficient information volume of data units of data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation was analyzed. Conclusion. The results of the work carried out will make it possible to draw the attention of regional authorities to the problem of socio-economic troubles in the territory entrusted to them and to direct administrative and other resources in a more targeted and purposeful manner to provide assistance to the population.
Community Empowerment in Implementing the Policy of Kelurahan Fund Allocation in Kelurahan Agung, Tanjung District, Tabalong Regency
Authors: Hariadi Novi , Suriansyah Ahmad , Rawali Siswanto
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out how to empower the community in Tabalong Regency and to find out what factors are the success of community empowerment in implementing the Village Fund allocation policy in Agung Village, Tanjung District, Tabalong Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data collection techniques used through interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis techniques, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed that community empowerment in implementing the village fund allocation policy in Agung Village, Tanjung District, Tabalong Regency had been going well but not yet fully successful. It is still found factors that affect community empowerment, several factors that affect the implementation of community empowerment with the allocation of village funds in the Agung sub-district, Tabalong Regency, such as the identification of the social system of the village apparatus for the village community is still not optimal and there has been no follow-up from the village government on the empowerment group that has been implemented. successful in directing and developing the results of empowerment group products.
Traditional Rain Control Practice Through Indigenous Knowledge System and Technology Among Ikire People of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Tella Abiola Opemipo
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to trace the history of rain prevention, and examine for documentation, the rituals involved. Traditional rain control in this context is considered as a process involving the making and preventing of rain to modify atmospheric condition of a place using Indigenous Knowledge and Technology (IKT). Rain control ritual is an age-long indigenous knowledge and technology aimed at influencing weather condition. As part of a broadened African society, the art of preventing rainfall is a part of the heritage resources practised by the people of Ikire in Osun State. This ritualistic art which is put to use mainly during socio-cultural gatherings such as festivals, feasts, burials, weddings, and naming ceremonies is called òjòwíwó or òjòmímó in local parlance. The help of rain doctors is sought by people who want to carry out any of these activities during rainy seasons to avoid disruption. Ethnographic method was used to elicit information. Research findings traced the art of rain prevention to Orunmila a god in Yoruba mythology. The rituals involved the use of the details of IKT which is significant in the response of the people to the ever-changing climate
Indigenous Garo Women's Role in Family Transformation in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Md. Harunur , Ahmed Tanjil , Nokrek Subal , Hasan Nazmul , Akter Tamanna
Published: September 2022

The study aims to explore the roles of indigenous Garo women in transforming their families in Bangladesh.  A quantitative approach was applied to conduct the study while the social survey method was used to collect data and information. The study reveals that the socio-economic status of Garo women is very poor as 35% of them completed the primary level of education and 40% passed the secondary level of education while 64% of Garo women are day laborers and 61% are loan receivers. Conventional role-female headship has been changing overwhelmingly as both husband and wife are playing vibrant roles in the family building where 80% of family decisions are being taken jointly. Though the traditional role of female headship is being changed, women have to perform 69% of household activities. Their participation in local social organizations is impressive (74%) but they are reluctant to involve in local politics.
Premarital Sexuality and Gender in Morocco
Authors: Bermime Youness , Benzidan Mohamed
Published: September 2022

The rise in the average age of marriage calls into question the sexual activity of young Moroccans. This study investigates the attitudes toward premarital sex and its practice among young Moroccans. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed based on gender. The results show that 40.2% of unmarried, young Moroccans, mostly men, have premarital sex. The analysis shows how cultural biases result in significant gender differences in practice and attitudes toward premarital sex. These gender differences signal a double standard that results in a dysfunctional Moroccan society.
Propensity Score Approaches in Quantifying Effects of Treatment from Observational Data
Authors: Sy Alvin Duke R. , Asaad Abubakar S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Despite the growing popularity of utilizing observational studies for determining associations with public health implications, there is limited literature using them for examining and quantifying the effects of exposures or treatments: The study compared traditional regression with scoring approaches in estimating treatment effects considering the noted limitations in the dataset.Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of previously collected retrospective cohort data derived frommaternal-neonatal dyads delivered prematurely in a tertiary hospital. Propensity scores (PS) were estimated using logistic and boosting regression. These scores were implemented into matching, stratification, and weighting models. The estimated measures of effect from traditional regression and PS-adjusted models were compared using certain metrics (i.e., the width of CI, SE, AIC, BIC). Sensitivity analysis was also performed.Results. We included data from 562 patients (123 untreated and 439 treated). Both the estimated scores demonstrated satisfactory fit and reduction in the standardized differences between the groups. However, the logit-estimated scores had better prediction (AUC: 0.71 vs 0.66) and forecasting properties (Brier: 0.15 vs 0.17) than the boosting-estimated scores. All generated statistical models demonstrated a reduction in the occurrence of respiratory morbidity among preterm neonates exposed to a single-dose antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) (ORs ranged from 0.37 to 0.59). The estimated average treatment effects (ATE) and effect among those treated (ATET) from various models suggested a small benefit attributed to the single-dose ACS (ATEs range from -0.09 to -0.41; ATETs range from -0.07 to -0.17).Conclusion. PS estimated using logistic regression performed better than those estimated using machine learning strategies. The matching model using the said scores demonstrated better fit and parsimony over conventional and propensity-adjusted models. Future studies are recommended to improve the application of these analytic techniques in real-world data.
Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sosyalleşmesine İlişkin 2016-2020 Yılları Arasında Türkiye’de Yapılan Akademik Çalışmaların İncelenmesi
Authors: AYDIN Fatime , TULUNAY ATEŞ Öznur
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada 2016-2020 yılları arasında öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşmelerine ilişkin yapılan çalışmaların kapsamlı ve bütüncül bir şekilde analiz edilmesi, öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşmelerine ilişkin yapılan çalışmaların benzerlik ve farklılıklarının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma içerik analizi türlerinden betimsel içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın evrenine YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi, ULAKBİM, Google Akademik, ERIC ve Dergipark veri tabanları 2 farklı tarihte taranarak ulaşılmıştır. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen araştırmanın örneklemini, 2016-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de yapılan ve erişime açık olan toplam 33 (18 tez, 15 makale) çalışma oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, öğretmenlerin örgütsel sosyalleşmesine ilişkin yapılan çalışmaların büyük oranda 2016 yılında yapıldığını, tek yazarlı çalışmaların çoğunlukta olduğunu, çalışmaların ilkokul ve ortaokul eğitim kademelerinde çalışan öğretmenlere yoğunlaştığını, branş dağılımına göre okul öncesi öğretmenlerle çalışıldığını, bölgelere göre dağılımına bakıldığında Marmara Bölgesinde yapılan çalışmaların yoğunlukta olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca veri toplama aracı olarak ölçek tercih edildiği, çalışmalarda nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin daha çok kullanıldığı, örneklem belirleme yöntemlerinden basit rastlantısal örneklem belirleme yönteminin tercih edildiği, çalışmalarda çoğunlukla betimsel istatistik ve ANOVA analiz yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı, konu alanı dağılımına bakıldığında örgütsel sosyalleşmenin örgütsel sessizlik ile ilişkisi üzerine yapılan çalışmaların daha fazla sayıda olduğu görülmektedir. Bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalarda konu alanlarında tercih edilmeyen yeni konu alanları belirlenebilir ya da çalışılmış konu alanlarına farklı bakış açıları getirilerek literatüre katkı sağlanabilir.
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm transformed from essential thrombocythemia with leukemic picture and no skin involvement – A case study
Authors: Baig Muhammad Mansoor
Published: September 2022

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an extremely rare and fatal condition, which usually affects elderly males. It presents in the skin with frequent involvement of the bone-marrow, peripheral blood and lymph nodes. It has a dismal prognosis, with most patients dying within one year. The diagnosis is frequently challenging, with a characteristic immunophenotype. The best modality of treatment remains to be defined. Generally, patients require acute leukaemialike induction chemotherapy regimen. Here we present a local case who transformed from essential thrombocythemia into BPDCN over a 20-year period with sudden leukemic picture, and interestingly without any typical skin lesions.
Dossier: discursos del poder y representaciones sociales en el agro latinoamericano contemporáneo. Presentación
Authors: Pérez Gañán Rocío , Muzlera José
Published: September 2022

El presente monográfico es fruto del debate de los trabajos presentados en la mesa “Representaciones y discursos sobre estatus, poder y posición en los espacios rurales agrarios” dentro de las “XIV Jornadas Nacionales y VI Internacionales de Investigación y Debate: Discursos y representaciones sobre el mundo rural latinoamericano de los siglos XX y XXI” entorno a tres conceptos clave a la hora de acercarse y profundizar en los procesos y dinámicas que se entrelazan de formas diversas en los espacios agrarios latinoamericanos contemporáneos: discurso, poder y representaciones sociales. A través de una aproximación crítica a la dimensión simbólica de la realidad social se analizarán a lo largo del texto las formas de representación y legitimación de poder y posición en el modelo agrario dominante y las resistencias desarrolladas frente a este modelo.
Nephroprotective Effects of Polyherbal Formulation on Gentamicin-induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats
Authors: Aswar Anand P. , Hajare Sunil W. , Ingole Ranjit S. , Ingawale Maheshkumar V. , Kuralkar Prajakta S. , Waghmare Sunil P.
Published: September 2022

Effect of a polyherbal formulation (polyherbal alcoholic extract; PAE) prepared from Withania somnifera (root), Aegle marmelos (leaves), Tribulus terrestris (fruit) was studied on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups; group I (control), group II (gentamicin alone), group III (prophylactic), group IV (curative) and group V (formulation alone). Gentamicin caused signs of depression, dullness, polyurea, restlessness, reduced body weight, and reduced water and feed intake. These toxicity signs were recovered in the PAE pre-treated prophylactic group; however, in the PAE-treated therapeutic group, some mild toxicity signs were noticed and subsided gradually. Gentamicin increased relative kidney weight but in groups III and IV animals, no significant effect was observed. The Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and MCV of group II animals revealed a significant decrease, whereas; BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly increased. The PAE treatment caused significant recovery in these hematobiochemical parameters in groups III and IV. Gentamicin caused histopathological alterations in kidney represented by focal renal degenerative and necrotic changes, with intratubular hyaline cast. In PAE-treated groups III and IV, minimal histopathological alterations were seen. In conclusion, PAE showed significant protective and moderate therapeutic potential against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.
Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli by Phenotypic and Genotypic Methods
Authors: Limbachiya Bhargav B. , Mathakiya Rafiyuddin A. , Patel Krishna J. , Joddha Harshrajsinh B.
Published: September 2022

tEscherichia coli infection is one of the most important infections, which causes heavy economic losses in the poultry industry. It is caused by avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC), which belongs to the group Extra-intestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). In this study, a total of 60 APEC isolates from various poultry farms located in and around Anand were evaluated for antibiotics susceptibility by disc diffusion (phenotypic) method for 21 different antibiotics. The E. coli isolates showed 100% resistance against pefloxacin, moxifloxacin and tetracycline followed by ampicillin (86.67%), levofloxacin (81.67%), amoxiclav and ciprofloxacin (71.67% each), co-trimoxazole (56.67%), sulphadiazine (53.34%) and erythromycin (33.33%). The study also revealed that E. coli isolates were highly susceptible to colistin (100.00%), followed by ceftriaxone and spectinomycin (85.00% each), cefixime (81.67%), amikacin (80.00%) and gentamicin (76.67%). All these isolates were also screened for the presence of 20 different antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) by genotypic method, i.e., polymerase chain reaction. PCR revealed presence of cmlA gene responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in cent percent isolates. The distribution of other ARGs in the E. coli isolates were qnrS (85.00%), aac(3)-IV (56.66%), strB (53.33%), aadA1 (51.66%), dhfrI (50.00%), tetB (41.66%) sulI and tetA (33.33% each), blaOXA (31.66%), cat1 and blaCMY (21.66% each), strA (6.67%), blaSHV (3.33%) and dhfrV (1.66%), while all the isolates were negative for blaTEM, ere(A), qnrA, qnrB and mcr-1 genes.
Pathogenicity Assessment and Vaccine Efficacy of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 and 11 Responsible for Inclusion Body Hepatitis Hydropericardium Syndrome in Broilers
Authors: Joshi Kuldip V. , Dave Chandrakant J. , Joddha Harshrajsinh B. , Bhanderi Bharat B. , Ghodasara Dinesh J. , Kabariya Digjay V.
Published: September 2022

Thisstudy aimed to assess the pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy of fowl adenovirus serotypes 4 and 11, causing inclusion body hepatitis  hydropericardium syndrome in broilers. The study was carried out on 144-day-old Cobb broiler chicks divided into six experimental  groups, each of 24 birds. Group, I birds served as a control without any vaccine or viral challenge, while birds of Group II were  vaccinated with commercial vaccine on 6th day. Group III and IV birds were non-vaccinated and challenged with 107 TCID50 of FAdV  serotype 4 and 11, respectively, on the 27th day. In contrast, Group V and VI birds were vaccinated on the 6th day and challenged with  107 TCID50 of FAdV serotype 4 and 11 on the 27th day. The challenge of FAdV serotype 4 led to 66.66% mortality, and serotype 11  produced 5.00% mortality in the experimental groups. The challenge of the virus led to the production of clinical signs such as  depression, huddling, reduced feed intake, reluctance to move, and terminal gasping before death. Characteristic gross lesions of  IBH-HPS were observed in birds that died after the challenge of serotypes 4 and 11 of FAdV. The liver was enlarged with focal  areas of necrosis, subcapsular hemorrhages, and mild fatty changes. The heart was flabby, congested, and showed  hydropericardium with an accumulation of clear watery to a yellow jelly-like fluid in the pericardial sac. The kidneys were enlarged  and hemorrhagic. On microscopic examination, the liver showed multifocal areas of necrosis with infiltration of mononuclear cells,  mild fatty changes and large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. The birds that died after the challenge of the virus were positive  for the presence of FAdV upon PCR. The vaccine efficacy study indicated that the vaccine provided satisfactory protection against Fowl  Adenovirus challenge in experimental groups V and VI.
Preparation and Characterization of Decellularized Caprine Periosteum Scaffolds for Fracture Gap Healing
Authors: Goyal Ravi P. , Gangwar Anil K. , Khangembam Sangeeta D. , Yadav Vipin K. , Singh Yogendra , Kumar Prafull
Published: September 2022

Certain chemical and enzymes like sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulphate and Triton X-100 have been used as biological  detergents but are responsible for residual cytotoxicity in the decellularized extracellular matrix. The periosteum plays a key role in  bone regeneration. We aimed to prepare decellularized caprine periosteum scaffold by exploring the decellularization property of  Sapindus mukorossi fruit pericarp extract (SPE). We developed decellularization protocols to completely remove the periosteum cellular  components and for good maintenance of the hierarchical multilayer structures and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with  no cytotoxicity. Histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome stained tissue samples decellularized by 5%  SPE extract confirmed decellularization with preservation of extracellular matrix microarchitecture. DAPI stained decellularized tissues  revealed complete removal of nuclear components, verified by DNA content measurement. It was concluded that 5% SPE is ideal for  preparation of decellularized caprine periosteum scaffold and these scaffolds can be used for bone regeneration.
Quality Characteristics of Functional Pork Sausages Incorporated with Oat Bran Powder
Authors: Jandyal Mehak , Malav O. P. , Mehta Nitin , Wagh Rajesh V.
Published: September 2022

Sausages were developed by replacing lean meat with oat bran (OB) at 3%, 6%, and 9% levels. pH, cooking yield, instrumental textural profile and sensory properties of treated sausages were evaluated. Different levels of dietary fiber source with very good sensory acceptability were compared with control. Overall acceptability of 6 per cent fibre (oat bran) incorporated sausages were comparable with control. The moisture level of all treatment sausages dropped significantly (P<0.05). Protein content of oat bran incorporated sausages decreased, but the ash content increased significantly. Emulsion stability and cooking yield were significantly higher in 6 and 9 per cent treated sausages, while crude fibre content was significantly higher in all treatment groups.
Vernacular architecture and traditional trades. Social innovation and cultural heritage in rural Andalusia.
Authors: Del Espino Hidalgo Blanca , Carrera Díaz Gema , Delgado Méndez Aniceto
Published: September 2022

The approval of the National Plan for Traditional Architecture (2014) gave a boost to the recognition of this heritage and provided a consensual methodological tool for its safeguarding. This text included a programme for the recovery of traditional construction systems and underlined the need for a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to their treatment. As a precedent in Andalusia, the Inventory of Popular Architecture (1994-1997) was a pioneering project to document these buildings and the activities they housed, highlighting the capacity of techniques, knowledge and objects to adapt to the environmental characteristics of the territory. Subsequently, the Atlas of the Intangible Heritage of Andalusia (2009-2014) collected a significant number of construction techniques and traditional trades linked to this vernacular architecture. This contribution is presented within the framework of two projects coordinated by the IAPH: LAPat, open laboratory of heritage and SIN-PAR, Innovation System for the Heritage of Rural Andalusia. Their common objective is to analyse social innovation related to architecture and traditional trades and the interaction of diverse stakeholders for their safeguarding. They both recognise the local community as the protagonist in safeguarding, enhancing these practices as an efficient response to the demographic challenge in the rural world. We will focus on three case studies: the dry stone technique in the province of Almería, the raw earth construction in Andalusia, and the artisanal production of lime in Morón de la Frontera. The ultimate aim is to strengthen the transmission of knowledge of these constructive techniques and to reveal their link with socio-territorial development.
Learning from the past. The loss of vernacular heritage in the interest of hydropower development in Spain
Authors: Fernández García Noelia
Published: September 2022

The fact that water stored in reservoirs may be used for diverse purposes - hydroelectricity, irrigation or industrial use, human consumption, recreation, etc. - explains the widely spread policy of building these structures all over the world during the 20th century. However, dams and reservoirs building policies at those times in Spain led to the disappearance of many villages in rural regions due to the flooding of large areas and, as a result, the loss of vernacular architecture and local traditions was unavoidable.In this research, it is aimed to analyse the building of Ricobayo reservoir by the company Saltos del Duero together with its consequences for the affected communities and their heritage through the case of a particular village: La Pueblica, located in the province of Zamora in Castile and León, Spain. Disregarding the relevance of vernacular architecture, the devastation of La Pueblica, which allegedly existed ‘unaffected over time’, isolated from modern times and whose homes were ‘unhygienic and meagre’, was registered in the documentary called Por Tierras de España (1933) carried out by Fernando López Heptener, who worked for the company and oversaw expropriations of lands and housing in areas to be flooded. Due to the subsequent interest in spreading the film, it is possible for us to recover nowadays the lost image of La Pueblica, the vernacular architecture within as well as the traditions which were carried out in those spaces.If the future of dams is linked to sustainable energy resources and developing countries as thought nowadays, previous positive – but also negative – experiences must be considered, since, despite all the prior benefits linked to water utilisation, building these engineering structures undoubtedly implies a direct social effect on the communities and heritage elements connected to them, which could be decisive to manage our cultural heritage nowadays.
Architectural and constructive characteristics of vernacular settlements in southern Italy: the Esaro’s valley and the popular identity of some exemplary cases
Authors: Canonaco Brunella , Castiglione Federica
Published: September 2022

The paper proposes the analysis of a significant portion of the territory of southern Italy and, more precisely, that in Calabria within the Esaro river valley, characterized by a wide hilly area that hosts numerous small ancient centres. The analysed territory, which for centuries has had a strong agricultural and pastoral vocation, presents a varied range of case studies typical of popular identity and vernacular culture but different in morphologies, construction techniques, materials and types. Through a comparative reading of some examples, therefore, the paper aims to highlight the architectural and construction features typical of the local architecture, underlining their spontaneous and identity character. Not only sporadic and isolated episodes are taken into consideration, but also entire portions of the inhabited area, which in structure and building fabric reflect the traditional life of the past. The territory’s variety allows us to analyse different types of architecture through which the vernacular culture is manifested. In addition to the most valuable examples such as farms, country houses, farmhouses, in fact, there are also examples of more modest architecture (ovens, stables, oil mills, mills, clay buildings) that express, even more, traditional and popularaspects. The study, therefore, through the analysis of the formal, functional and constructive characteristics, has made it possible to define variants and invariants of an architectural heritage with a strong identity value to protect and preserve.
Between landscape and fortified architecture: traces and memory of rural civilization in the territory of Pesche in Molise
Authors: Testa Maria Pia
Published: September 2022

The small village of Pesche in Molise extends along the slopes of Monte San Marco, in a perfect symbiosis between architecture and nature. Pesche’s origins date back already between the 5th and 6th century, when the steep natural slope was chosen as a place for the construction of a safe village, consisting of many small houses side by side and built using local limestone. Its position, guarding the Isernia valley, characterized at the top by the ruins of the castle-enclosure, supports the idea that Pesche may have played a dominant role in the passage along the ancient Pescasseroli-Candela sheep track. The castle-enclosure itself is evidence of the traditional medieval building site, but also of a rural civilization which until the beginning of the 20th century probably continued to live in these places, used as houses, stables and barns. This contribution focuses on the architectural and material characteristics of the buildings in the territory of Pesche, which, despite the current state of decay and neglect, are evidence of the use of local materials and the use of construction techniques that have characterized the traditional Molise building site
Vernacular architecture and written sources: the case study of the Tronto Valley
Authors: Facchi Emanuele , Grimoldi Alberto , Landi Angelo Giuseppe
Published: September 2022

Medieval archaeology has developed very effective instruments for investigating the smaller rural settlements and local production and construction techniques, on which the documentary sources are scarcely fluent. However, documents assure precise hints or general references to which archaeologists do not give up. In the same way, the most abundant, although indirect institutional sources, and the technical literature, from the Modern Age to the nineteenth century, are very useful to understand this kind of construction, with local materials and according to local models and practices – widespread in rural Europe until the early twentieth century. The historic villages of the upper Tronto Valley, near Ascoli Piceno, can offer a good example in a territory devastated by the 2016 earthquake in which material sources have been heavily depleted. The documents - although discontinuous - often explain constructive choices. The nineteenth-century literature describes the territory in a transformation phase, still based on the scarce local resources, and returns the mentality and the expectations of the contemporaries. Literature and documents contribute to consolidating the role of the built heritage as a historical source, highlighting both the cultural depth and the nature of housing resources that characterize the individual buildings and villages.
Of Earth, Stone and Wood: The Restoration and Conservation of a Buddhist Temple in Ladakh, Indian Himalayas
Authors: Ferrari Edoardo Paolo
Published: September 2022

The Dukhang Yokma is a small Buddhist temple part of the Ensa monastery in the Nubra river valley in Ladakh. The Dukhang was severely damaged by water infiltration soon after its construction at the be- ginning of the 20th century. Water seepage through its stone and mud mortar plinth caused a gradual bulging of the foundations which was followed by a steady shift of the whole structure. In the course of several decades this shift became irreversible and gradually damaged most of the masonry structure. The building had been neglected for several years before an active interest in its preservation emerged. Dur- ing this time, several parts of the buildings were dismantled and the temple’s inner chamber on two sto- reys tilted almost to the point of collapse. The conservation, consolidation and restoration of the temple has been undertaken by Achi Association India from 2018. This article analyses the restoration project and its many challenges, including wall painting stabilization. It explains in detail the issues faced by Achi team members and the way these problems were resolved through making use of local resources in this remote hermitage. One of the most complicated issues was to bring the inner temple’s structural elements back to their original straight position, avoiding any collapse and damage of the wall paintings. The complexity of the task was due to the very fragile mixed structure on two storeys made of wood, mud bricks and stone.