bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jmjd2c facilitates the assembly of essential enhancer-protein complexes at the onset of embryonic stem cell differentiation
Authors: Tomaz Rute A. , Harman Jennifer L. , Karimlou Donja , Weavers Lauren , Fritsch Lauriane , Bou-Kheir Tony , Bell Emma , del Valle Torres Ignacio , Niakan Kathy K. , Fisher Cynthia , Joshi Onkar , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Curry Edward , Ait-Si-Ali Slimane , Jørgensen Helle F. , Azuara Véronique
Published: January 2017

Jmjd2 H3K9 demethylases cooperate in promoting mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) identity. However, little is known about their importance at the exit of ESC pluripotency. Here, we reveal that Jmjd2c facilitates this process by stabilising the assembly of mediator-cohesin complexes at lineage-specific enhancers. Functionally, we show that Jmjd2c is required in ESCs to initiate appropriate gene expression programs upon somatic multi-lineage differentiation. In the absence of Jmjd2c, differentiation is stalled at an early post-implantation epiblast-like stage, while Jmjd2c-knockout ESCs remain capable of forming extra-embryonic endoderm derivatives. Dissection of the underlying molecular basis revealed that Jmjd2c is re-distributed to lineage-specific enhancers during ESC priming for differentiation. Interestingly, Jmjd2c-bound enhancers are co-occupied by the H3K9-methyltransferase G9a (also known as Ehmt2), independently of its H3K9-modifying activity. Loss of Jmjd2c abrogates G9a recruitment and further destabilises loading of the mediator and cohesin components Med1 and Smc1a at newly activated and poised enhancers in ESC-derived epiblast-like cells. These findings unveil Jmjd2c and G9a as novel enhancer-associated factors, and implicate Jmjd2c as a molecular scaffold for the assembly of essential enhancer-protein complexes with an impact on timely gene activation.
Snail2 and Zeb2 repress P-cadherin to define embryonic territories in the chick embryo
Authors: Acloque Hervé , Ocaña Oscar H. , Abad Diana , Stern Claudio D. , Nieto M. Angela
Published: January 2017

Snail and Zeb transcription factors induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in embryonic and adult tissues by direct repression of E-cadherin transcription. The repression of E-cadherin transcription by the EMT inducers Snail1 and Zeb2 plays a fundamental role in defining embryonic territories in the mouse, as E-cadherin needs to be downregulated in the primitive streak and in the epiblast, concomitant with the formation of mesendodermal precursors and the neural plate, respectively. Here, we show that in the chick embryo, E-cadherin is weakly expressed in the epiblast at pre-primitive streak stages where it is substituted for by P-cadherin. We also show that Snail2 and Zeb2 repress P-cadherin transcription in the primitive streak and the neural plate, respectively. This indicates that E- and P-cadherin expression patterns evolved differently between chick and mouse. As such, the Snail1/E-cadherin axis described in the early mouse embryo corresponds to Snail2/P-cadherin in the chick, but both Snail factors and Zeb2 fulfil a similar role in chick and mouse in directly repressing ectodermal cadherin genes to contribute to the delamination of mesendodermal precursors at gastrulation and the proper specification of the neural ectoderm during neural induction.
RB controls growth, survival, and neuronal migration in human cerebral organoids
Authors: Matsui Takeshi , Nieto-Estévez Vanesa , Kyrychenko Sergii , Schneider Jay W. , Hsieh Jenny
Published: January 2017

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a tumor suppressor gene which regulates cell cycle entry to S phase via E2F transcription factors. Using knockout (KO) mice, it has been described that Rb plays a role in cell migration and differentiation in developing and adult brain as well as apoptosis. In addition, the RB family is required for the self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, little is known about the role of this gene in human brain development. Here, we investigated the role of RB in cerebral organoids from human ESCs deficient for RB. We showed that RB is expressed abundantly in neural stem/progenitor cells in organoids at 15 and 28 days in culture. Our results revealed that the loss of RB promotes S phase entry of DCX+ cells and increases apoptosis of Sox2+ neural stem/progenitor cells, DCX+ and Tuj1+ neurons, which was associated with the upregulation of CYCLIN A2 and BAX genes. Moreover, we observed aberrant Tuj1+ neuronal migration in RB-KO organoids, and upregulation of the VLDLR gene, a receptor important in Reelin signaling. Interestingly, ectopically localized Tuj1+ cells were also found in teratomas from RB-KO human ESCs. These results suggest that RB gene has critical roles in human brain development.
The chemical compound bubblin induces stomatal mispatterning in Arabidopsis by disrupting the intrinsic polarity of stomatal lineage cells
Authors: Sakai Yumiko , Sugano Shigeo S. , Kawase Takashi , Shirakawa Makoto , Imai Yu , Kawamoto Yusuke , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Shimada Tomoo
Published: January 2017

Stem cell polarization is a crucial step in asymmetric cell division, which is a universal system for generating cellular diversity in multicellular organisms. Several conventional genetics studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cell polarization in plants, but it remains largely unknown. In plants, stomata, which are valves for gas exchange, are generated through several rounds of asymmetric divisions. In this study, we identified and characterized a chemical compound that affects stomatal stem cell polarity. High-throughput screening for bioactive molecules identified a pyridine-thiazole derivative, named bubblin, which induced stomatal clustering in Arabidopsis epidermis. Bubblin perturbed stomatal asymmetric division, resulting in the generation of two identical daughter cells. Both cells continued to express the stomatal fate determinant SPEECHLESS, and then differentiated into mispatterned stomata. Bubblin-treated cells had a defect in the polarized localization of BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL), which is required for asymmetric cell fate determination. Our results suggest that bubblin induces stomatal lineage cells to divide without BASL-dependent pre-mitotic establishment of polarity. Bubblin is a potentially valuable tool for investigating cell polarity establishment in stomatal asymmetric division.
Tissue-specific regulation of alternative polyadenylation represses expression of a neuronal ankyrin isoform in C. elegans epidermal development
Authors: Chen Fei , Chisholm Andrew D. , Jin Yishi
Published: January 2017

Differential mRNA polyadenylation plays an important role in shaping the neuronal transcriptome. In C. elegans, several ankyrin isoforms are produced from the unc-44 locus through alternative polyadenylation. Here, we identify a key role for an intronic polyadenylation site (PAS) in temporal- and tissue-specific regulation of UNC-44/ankyrin isoforms. Removing an intronic PAS results in ectopic expression of the neuronal ankyrin isoform in non-neural tissues. This mis-expression underlies epidermal developmental defects in mutants of the conserved tumor suppressor death-associated protein kinase dapk-1. We have previously reported that the use of this intronic PAS depends on the nuclear polyadenylation factor SYDN-1, which inhibits the RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase SSUP-72. Consistent with this, loss of sydn-1 blocks ectopic expression of neuronal ankyrin and suppresses epidermal morphology defects of dapk-1. These effects of sydn-1 are mediated by ssup-72 autonomously in the epidermis. We also show that a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PINN-1 antagonizes SYDN-1 in the spatiotemporal control of neuronal ankyrin isoform. Moreover, the nuclear localization of PINN-1 is altered in dapk-1 mutants. Our data reveal that tissue and stage-specific expression of ankyrin isoforms relies on differential activity of positive and negative regulators of alternative polyadenylation.
Reconstitution of Torso signaling in cultured cells suggests a role for both Trunk and Torso-like in receptor activation
Authors: Amarnath Smita , Stevens Leslie M. , Stein David S.
Published: January 2017

Formation of the Drosophila embryonic termini is controlled by the localized activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase Torso. Both Torso and Torso's presumed ligand, Trunk, are expressed uniformly in the early embryo. Polar activation of Torso requires Torso-like, which is expressed by follicle cells adjacent to the ends of the developing oocyte. We find that Torso expressed at high levels in cultured Drosophila cells is activated by individual application of Trunk, Torso-like or another known Torso ligand, Prothoracicotropic Hormone. In addition to assays of downstream signaling activity, Torso dimerization was detected using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Trunk and Torso-like were active when co-transfected with Torso and when presented to Torso-expressing cells in conditioned medium. Trunk and Torso-like were also taken up from conditioned medium specifically by cells expressing Torso. At low levels of Torso, similar to those present in the embryo, Trunk and Torso-like alone were ineffective but acted synergistically to stimulate Torso signaling. Our results suggest that Torso interacts with both Trunk and Torso-like, which cooperate to mediate dimerization and activation of Torso at the ends of the Drosophila embryo.
ID4 levels dictate the stem cell state in mouse spermatogonia
Authors: Helsel Aileen R. , Yang Qi-En , Oatley Melissa J. , Lord Tessa , Sablitzky Fred , Oatley Jon M.
Published: January 2017

Spermatogenesis is a classic model of cycling cell lineages that depend on a balance between stem cell self-renewal for continuity and the formation of progenitors as the initial step in the production of differentiated cells. The mechanisms that guide the continuum of spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) to progenitor spermatogonial transition and precise identifiers of subtypes in the process are undefined. Here we used an Id4-eGfp reporter mouse to discover that EGFP intensity is predictive of the subsets, with the ID4-EGFPBright population being mostly, if not purely, SSCs, whereas the ID4-EGFPDim population is in transition to the progenitor state. These subsets are also distinguishable by transcriptome signatures. Moreover, using a conditional overexpression mouse model, we found that transition from the stem cell to the immediate progenitor state requires downregulation of Id4 coincident with a major change in the transcriptome. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the level of ID4 is predictive of stem cell or progenitor capacity in spermatogonia and dictates the interface of transition between the different functional states.
Conspecific aggregations mitigate the effects of ocean acidification on calcification of the coral Pocillopora verrucosa
Authors: Evensen Nicolas R. , Edmunds Peter J.
Published: January 2017

In densely populated communities, such as coral reefs, organisms can modify the physical and chemical environment for neighbouring individuals. We tested the hypothesis that colony density (12 colonies each placed∼0.5 cm apart versus∼8 cm apart) can modulate the physiological response (measured through rates of calcification, photosynthesis, and respiration in the light and dark) of the coral Pocillopora verrucosa to pCO2 treatments (∼ 400 µatm and∼1200 µatm) by altering the seawater flow regimes experienced by colonies placed in aggregations within a flume at a single flow speed. While light calcification decreased 20% under elevated versus ambient pCO2 for colonies in low-density aggregations, light calcification of high-density aggregations increased 23% at elevated versus ambient pCO2. As a result, densely aggregated corals maintained calcification rates over 24 h that were comparable to those maintained under ambient pCO2, despite a 45% decrease in dark calcification at elevated versus ambient pCO2. Additionally, densely aggregated corals experienced reduced flow speeds and higher seawater retention times between colonies due to the formation of eddies. These results support recent indications that neighbouring organisms, such as the conspecific coral colonies in the present example, can create small-scale refugia from the negative effects of ocean acidification.
Venous Thromboembolism: Regional Differences in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993 to 2000
Authors: Proctor Mary C. , Wainess Reid M. , Henke Peter K. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Wakefield Thomas W.
Published: January 2017

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a costly complication of hospitalization. The sequelae make it a concern for public health planners. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) contains data for hospital discharges in the United States. These data were reviewed to determine their suitability for health policy planning.

International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for VTE were applied to the NIS data. The sample was queried for demographic information, mortality, length of hospital stay, diagnosis, and treatment. The rates were standardized for geographic region and disease acuity. Statistical analysis included descriptive reporting of means and event rates; analysis of variance and logistic regression were used for regional effects and modeling of mortality.

Between 1993 and 2000, 636,814 discharges involved VTE (1.2%). This rate was consistent over time and within regions. Regional differences existed in the acceptance of new technology and hospital charges. Mortality varied from 6.3% (Midwest) to 7.9% (Northeast) and was associated with admission type, comorbidities, pulmonary embolism, and discharge from the Northeast region. White race, chronic venous insufficiency, and female gender were protective variables.

The NIS data report a consistent mortality rate despite improved therapy. Regional diagnostic, treatment, and economic differences exist. The data are useful for the purposes of public health care planning and stimulating clinical trial questions.
Bilateral External Carotid Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Grigoryants Vladimir , Eagleton Matthew J. , Upchurch Gilbert R.
Published: January 2017

A 60-year-old female was found on a physical examination to have bilateral palpable pulsatile neck masses. She denied local pain, cranial nerve compressive symptoms, or symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Duplex ultrasonography demonstrated bilateral 1.5 x 2.2 cm external carotid artery aneurysms. Isolated bilateral external carotid artery aneurysms were confirmed by computed tomography and angiography. The patient has been treated conservatively, and at 4-year follow-up, she remains asymptomatic, and the carotid artery aneurysms are unchanged in size.
Giant Celiac Artery Aneurysm with Associated Visceral Occlusive Disease
Authors: D'Ayala Marcus , Deitch Jonathan S. , deGraft-Johnson John , Nguyen Eric , McGagh Deirdre , Gwertzman Gary A. , Wise Leslie
Published: January 2017

Celiac artery aneurysms are rarely seen in clinical practice. We report an unusual case of a large celiac artery aneurysm in a patient with associated visceral occlusive disease who presented with vague abdominal pain and underwent uneventful open surgical repair.
Physician Service Attribution Methods for Examining Provision of Low-Value
Care
Authors: Chang Eva , Buist Diana SM , Handley Matthew , Pardee Roy , Gundersen Gabrielle , Reid Robert J.
Published: January 2017

Objectives: There has been significant research on provider attribution for
quality and cost. Low-value care is an area of heightened focus, with little of the
focus being on measurement; a key methodological decision is how to attribute delivered
services and procedures. We illustrate the difference in relative and absolute
physician- and panel-attributed services and procedures using overuse in cervical cancer
screening.Study Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional study in an integrated health
care system.Methods: We used 2013 physician-level data from Group Health Cooperative to
calculate two utilization attributions: (1) panel attribution with the procedure
assigned to the physician’s predetermined panel, regardless of who performed the
procedure; and (2) physician attribution with the procedure assigned to the performing
physician. We calculated the percentage of low-value cervical cancer screening tests and
ranked physicians within the clinic using the two utilization attribution
methods.Results: The percentage of low-value cervical cancer screening varied
substantially between physician and panel attributions. Across the whole delivery
system, median panel- and physician-attributed percentages were 15 percent and 10
percent, respectively. Among sampled clinics, panel-attributed percentages ranged
between 10 percent and 17 percent, and physician-attributed percentages ranged between 9
percent and 13 percent. Within a clinic, median panel-attributed screening percentage
was 17 percent (range 0 percent–27 percent) and physician-attributed percentage was 11
percent (range 0 percent–24 percent); physician rank varied by attribution
method.Conclusions: The attribution method is an important methodological decision when
developing low-value care measures since measures may ultimately have an impact on
national benchmarking and quality scores. Cross-organizational dialogue and transparency
in low-value care measurement will become increasingly important for all
stakeholders.
Efficacy of 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon against subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in laboratory conditions
Authors: Li Qingfeng , Zhu Qinfen , Fu Shijie , Zhang Damin , Huang Jianbo , Yuan Jianzhong
Published: January 2017

Toxicity and horizontal transmission of 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon were measured using the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki in laboratory conditions. 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon has delayed toxicity towards C. formosanus compared with 0.5% fipronil dust of French chalk; knockdown times KT50 and KT90 were delayed by >9 and >15 h respectively. Furthermore, 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon showed excellent primary and secondary horizontal transfer levels. In primary horizontal transfer, recipient mortalities reached 100% by 24, 48 and 72 h at donor-recipient ratios of 1:1, 1:5 and 1:10, respectively. High transfer efficacies were also found if donor-recipient ratios were greatly increased: mortality reached 100% at 9 d at ratio 1:25 and >90% at 12 d at 1:50. In secondary horizontal transfer, the toxicant transmitting ability of C. formosanus was greater when the primary horizontal transfer ratio was lower, and the highest transfer efficacy was found with a donor-recipient ratio of 1:1 - recipient mortalities reached 100% at 5 d and 11 d, respectively. Application of 1% fipronil dust of activated carbon overcomes the problem that that too high a concentration kills termites before they can contaminate their nestmates, while a lower concentration may not supply a sufficient dose for effective transfer from treated to untreated termites; this preparation has delayed toxicity, dose-dependent toxicity in horizontal transfer and high efficacy to control C. formosanus.
COLONY DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF THE STINGLESS BEE SCAPTOTRIGONA AFF. POSTICA (APIDAE, MELIPONINI) IN DIFFERENT HIVE MODELS
Authors: Leão Kamila Leão , De Queiroz Ana Carolina Martins , Veiga Jamille Costa , Contrera Felipe Andrés León , Venturieri Giorgio Cristino
Published: January 2017

Meliponiculture, i.e. indigenous beekeeping, is an old activity in the Americas and is widely distributed throughout Brazil. However, since stingless bee keeping is still not entirely standardized, studies are necessary to achieve a better practice. For example, the types of hives used in breeding must be designed to ease the colony management and be suitable for each species, once size, behavior, and nest architecture vary among the meliponines. This study aimed to propose and test a vertical hive for breeding Scaptotrigona aff. postica and evaluated characteristics such as colony development and management, comparing it with a horizontal, traditional, hive. Ten colonies of Scaptotrigona sp. were used, five transferred to each hive type tested. During six months, monthly observations of nest components, hive occupation and hive management were made. The brood disk area, contrasting with the other parameters, were about twice larger in the vertical hive. No significant difference in hive occupation was found among the tested models. Management differences were found among the two hive models, where the vertical hive is highlighted having characteristics that eased colony inspection and division, causing minor damage to the nest structures. Thus, this vertical model hive has some advantages for keeping this Scaptotrigona species.
Rediscovery of the morphologically remarkable social parasite Pheidole acutidens (Bruch), with the first records for Brazil.
Authors: Ferreira Alexandre , Martins Mila , Feitosa Rodrigo
Published: January 2017

Pheidole acutidens is a social parasite of the congeneric species P. nitidula. Since its description, the species was considered native to Argentina. In this paper we report the first records of P. acutidens for Brazil from the southern states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul). These records extend the known distribution of the species at least 1,000 km to the north. We suggest that the scarce representation of this species in entomological collections is due to its peculiar reproductive strategy, which renders the species inconspicuous and limits its dispersion
Development expenditure, fiscal consolidation and public revenue in India
Authors: Venkataraman Subramanya , Urmi Arabi
Published: January 2017

Following challenges with increasing fiscal deficit, the Government of India adopted the path of fiscal consolidation with the sole intention of reducing fiscal and other deficits. However, in the drive to reduce government expenditure, it is necessary to be cautious of how it affects expenditures such as development expenditure that are very essential to the well-being of people. This study therefore investigated how fiscal consolidation and Public revenue affect development expenditure in India using time series data from 1977-2015 and the ARDL model. The study found that, in both the short run and long run, public revenue had a positive significant impact on development expenditure whiles fiscal consolidation had a negative significant impact on development expenditure. The study therefore recommended that in our attempt to attain fiscal consolidation, care must be taken not to abandon development expenditure which has serious effects on the well-being of people.
The impact of taxation on economic growth in India : A disaggregated approach using the ARDL bounds test to co-integration
Authors: Venkataraman Subramanya , Urmi Arabi
Published: January 2017

Most Governments in the world are striving to attain long term growth and economic development with taxation as one of the major tools. However, it is necessary to know which components of tax are to be targeted in order to attain economic growth. This study therefore disaggregated the various components of direct and indirect taxes and investigated their effects on Economic Growth in India using time series data from 1977-2015 and the ARDL Bounds test approach to co-integration. The study found that in the long run, among the components of direct taxes, personal income tax had no impact on economic growth whiles corporate income tax had a positive statistically significant impact on economic growth. Further on the indirect taxes, the study found that in the long run, whiles excise duty had no statistically significant impact on economic growth, customs duty had a positive statistically significant impact. The study therefore concluded that policy makers must be circumspect in targeting which tax components to be used as tools in influencing long term economic growth and economic development.
Evaluating the significance of hypoglycemia in promoting insulin induced hypertension by using a glucose clamp model
Authors: Prathipati Priyanka , Jackson Debra , Jackson Keith
Published: January 2017

Background: Hypoglycemia unawareness is a detrimental risk factor in diabetic patients leading to serious complications if left untreated. Previous studies from our group determined that recurrent insulin induced hypoglycemia (RIIH) promotes hypertension.Objective: We hypothesize that RIIH not insulin by itself is the source of hypertension and end organ damage in diabetic patients.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley-rats (200-250g, n=18) were provided with glucose food (125g glucose/kg body weight) and glucose water (0.1g glucose/100g body weight/ml). They were treated with subcutaneous insulin injections (7U/Kg) and blood glucose was monitored intermittently. Daily blood pressure was measured using the tail cuff method. Interstitial samples of ATP and angiotensinII (AngII) were collected by renal microdialysis and analyzed using luciferin-luciferase bioluminescent assay and EIA respectively. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in hearts and kidneys were analyzed using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR).Results: Renal interstitial ATP levels increased from 90.2± 4.7ng/µl to 99.6± 8.7ng/µl (not significant) and AngII from 0.15± 0.02ng/ml to 0.13± 0.05ng/ml (not significant) from day 0 to 14. There was no significant change in mean arterial pressure (121.3 ± 1.4 mmHg on day 0 to 127.8 ± 1.4mmHg on day 14). Oxidative stress was reduced compared to RIIH model, which was evident from the EPR spectra.Conclusion: We demonstrated that hypertension induced end organ damage in diabetics is due to insulin induced hypoglycemia not insulin alone (by itself).
The perceptions of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and treatment supporters with regard to their role towards ART adherence, at ART clinics in the intermediate hospital Oshakati, Namibia
Authors: Tuhadeleni Olivia Ningeninawa , Lukolo Linda Ndeshipandula
Published: January 2017

Background: The benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) are undeniable: decreased morbidity and mortality, improved clinical outcomes, and decreased HIV transmission. In recent years, there have been remarkable efforts to roll out HIV support and treatment programs, resulting in ART access to nearly 4 million people in sub-Saharan Africa. However, a decisive step in improving outcomes of these programs relies on ART adherence. This study was conducted by aiming at exploring and describing the perceptions of patients on ART and treatment supporters about their roles in ART adherence. It was carried out at Oshakati ART clinic in the Intermediate Hospital Oshakati in Oshana region, Northern Namibia.Methods: The qualitative investigation was carried out on patients on ART and treatment supporters by means of unstructured interviews through convenient sampling technique. The data were analysed by content analytical method.Results: The study results from all respondents were consolidated, which gave a clear understanding regarding adherence at the ART clinic in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati. The perceptions of patients on ART and treatment supporters with regard to their role towards ART adherence were classified based on participants’ experiences into two main themes and sub-themes, including: 1) ART patients’ perceptions around their current roles in ART adherence comprise of four sub-themes of ART patients’ perceptions about taking medication daily, perceptions about collection of medicine supply and follow-up visits, perceptions about food and medication and perceptions about support in ART treatment; 2) Treatment supporters’ perceptions about their role in ART adherence consist of four sub-themes of perceptions about follow-up visits and collection of medicine, perceptions about psychosocial and emotional support, perceptions about giving food and medication and perceptions about encouraging personal hygiene.Conclusion: Patients and treatment supporters perceived adherence as an important aspect in the success of antiretroviral treatment. Giving patients correct information, personal motivation, patients understanding of treatment, traditional and religious beliefs were among other factors perceived by treatment supporters to be impacting on ART adherence.
Nationaler Aktionstag für die Erhaltung schriftlichen Kulturguts in Göttingen
Authors: Huff Dorothee , Mangei Johannes
Published: January 2017

In Erinnerung an Katastrophen wie den Einsturz des Kölner Stadtarchivs, den Brand der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar oder die Folgen des Elbehochwassers findet der „Nationale Aktionstag für die Erhaltung schriftlichen Kulturguts“ statt. Er weist auf Gefahren wie Schimmel, Papierzerfall und Tintenfraß hin. Der Beitrag schildert die Aktivitäten, die zum 12. Aktionstag im November 2016 in Göttingen durchgeführt wurden.
Ist Bestandserhaltung ‚old fashioned‘? Auseinandersetzung mit einer im Raum stehenden Behauptung
Authors: Märker Almuth
Published: January 2017

Der grundlegende Wandel in der bibliothekarischen Arbeitswelt infolge der digitalen Veränderungen rückt das Aufgabengebiet der Bestandserhaltung scheinbar in das Licht, ewig gestrig dem Alten verhaftet zu sein. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass das Ziel der Bestandserhaltung notwendig der Originalerhalt ist und dass sie sich am Analogen orientieren muss. Daraus folgt die Brisanz der Tatsache, dass Bestandserhaltung verstärkt ins Bewusstsein der Politik und der Öffentlichkeit zu heben ist.
„From Collections to Connections“: Die öffentliche Bibliothek als Knotenpunkt der Kommune
Authors: Mittrowan Andreas
Published: January 2017

Wie können sich öffentliche Bibliotheken im gesellschaftlichen und digitalen Wandel positionieren? In erfolgreichen Häusern ändert sich der Fokus weltweit von den Medien hin zum Menschen: Was sind die Bedürfnisse der Bürger in den Bereichen Kultur, Bildung und Freizeit und wie kann die Bibliothek dem Rechnung tragen? Der Autor stellt in seinem Beitrag als Antwort auf diese Fragen das dänische Modellprogramm für Bibliotheken sowie Beispiele aus Aarhus (DK), Worcester (GB), Houston und Bellingham (USA), Geelong (Australien) und Köln in Deutschland vor und präsentiert in seinem Fazit fünf zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren für den Wandel der Bibliothek hin zu einem „kommunalen Knotenpunkt“.
Makerspace, Mundraub-Tour und Foodsharing
Authors: Geißler Jens A. , Schumann Tim
Published: January 2017

Öffentliche Bibliotheken können gegenwärtige Trends wie Sharing oder Urban Gardening mit modernen Bibliothekskonzepten wie Makerspaces verknüpfen. Orientiert an den Ideen grüner Bibliotheken und neuen Formen der Zusammenarbeit mit der Zivilgesellschaft startete die Stadtbibliothek Bad Oldesloe 2015 die Projektreihe ‚Ernte deine Stadt‘, mit der sie ihr Profil als moderner und innovativer Lernort und als Ideengeberin stärkte. Der Raum Bibliothek wurde als Ort der Begegnung und der Kreativität zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit angeboten und konnte neue Initiativen in der Stadt anstoßen.
Medienkompetenz (auch) auf Rädern – Das (mobile) Bibliothekslabor der Stadtbibliothek Mannheim
Authors: Harling Bettina , Schmid-Ruhe Bernd
Published: January 2017

Die Stadtbibliothek Mannheim versteht sich vornehmlich als Bildungseinrichtung und hat sich mit ihrem Programm konsequent dem strategischen Zielsystem der Stadt Mannheim verschrieben. Verschiedene mobile Angebote wie Bücherbus und Fahrradbibliothek bringen bereits mobile Angebote in die Stadtteile; nach der Einrichtung eines Bibliothekslabors in der Innenstadt war es daher nur konsequent ein mobiles Bibliothekslabor mittels eines Elektrofahrzeugs zu beschaffen.
Competitive Moves: The Influence of Industry Context and Individual Cognitive Factors
Authors: Zane Lee J. , Kline William
Published: January 2017

Businesses compete in markets with significant uncertainty and choose disparate competitive strategies. Some attack while others appear to wait. While real options logic has been used to explain market entry and exit decisions under uncertainty, few have tied this logic to the characteristics of ventures’ competitive moves. This paper discusses how ventures launch competitive moves, particularly the speed and intensity of action, under contrasting conditions of exogenous uncertainty and first-mover advantage. We argue that the speed and intensity with which entrepreneurs conduct competitive activities are contingent on both their perceptions of the environment and their level of certain cognitive biases. We conducted a two-by-two within-subjects design experiment to test our hypotheses with a sample consisting of service industry professionals.
On a class of variational problems with nonlocal integrant
Authors: Maksimov Vladimir P.
Published: January 2017

For a class of functionals with nonlocal integrant, necessary conditions of local extremum under general linear constraints are obtained. An analog of Euler’s equation in an integral form is derived. An example of application to a variational problem for a functional with deviating argument and two-point boundary conditions is presented.
Influence of preparation method on structural, optical and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Ayaz Arif , Javed M. , Rauf Khan A. , Iqbal Yousaf , Majeed Asif , Hussain Syed Zahid , Durrani S.K.
Published: January 2017

Nanocrystalline NiFe2O4particles were prepared by conventional sol-gel, citrate-nitrate sol-gel combustion and co-precipitation methods. The synthesized samples were annealed at 1000 °C for two hours and structural, chemical, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite were investigated. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique which confirmed the formation of single phase NiFe2O4particles derived by the three methods. The chemical properties were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which confirmed the corresponding vibration modes in the samples. The optical properties were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The morphological study of the as-synthesized samples was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed the agglomerated nanoparticles of NiFe2O4. The magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which showed that the calcined samples exhibited typical magnetic behavior.
Expression of LOC285758, a potential long non-coding biomarker, is methylation-dependent and correlates with glioma malignancy grade
Authors: Matjasic Alenka , Popovic Mara , Matos Bostjan , Glavac Damjan
Published: January 2017

Background

Identifying the early genetic drivers can help diagnose glioma tumours in their early stages, before becoming malignant. However, there is emerging evidence that disturbance of epigenetic mechanisms also contributes to cell’s malignant transformation and cancer progression. Long non-coding RNAs are one of key epigenetic modulators of signalling pathways, since gene expression regulation is one of their canonical mechanisms. The aim of our study was to search new gliomagenesis-specific candidate lncRNAs involved in epigenetic regulation.

Patients and methods

We used a microarray approach to detect expression profiles of epigenetically involved lncRNAs on a set of 12 glioma samples, and selectedLOC285758for further qPCR expression validation on 157 glioma samples of different subtypes. To establish if change in expression is a consequence of epigenetic alterations we determined methylation status of lncRNA’s promoter using MS-HRM. Additionally, we used the MLPA analysis for determining the status of known glioma biomarkers and used them for association analyses.

Results

In all glioma subtypes levels of LOC285758 were significantly higher in comparison to normal brain reference RNA, and expression was inversely associated with promoter methylation. Expression substantially differs between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, and is elevated in higher WHO grades, which also showed loss of methylation.

Conclusions

Our study revealed that lncRNALOC285758changed expression in glioma is methylation-dependent and methylation correlates with WHO malignancy grade. Methylation is also distinctive between astrocytoma I-III and other glioma subtypes and may thus serve as an additional biomarker in glioma diagnosis.
Optimal planning strategy among various arc arrangements for prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy technique
Authors: Kang Sang Won , Chung Jin Beom , Kim Jae Sung , Kim In Ah , Eom Keun Yong , Song Changhoon , Lee Jeong Woo , Kim Jin Young , Suh Tae Suk
Published: January 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal strategy among various arc arrangements in prostate plans of stereotactic body radiotherapy with volumetric modulated arc therapy (SBRT-VMAT).

Patients and methods

To investigate how arc arrangements affect dosimetric and biological metrics, SBRT-VMAT plans for eighteen patients were generated with arrangements of single-full arc (1FA), single-partial arc (1PA), double-full arc (2FA), and double-partial arc (2PA). All plans were calculated by the Acuros XB calculation algorithm. Dosimetric and radiobiological metrics for target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated from dosevolume histograms.

Results

All plans were highly conformal (CI<1.05, CN=0.91) and homogeneous (HI=0.09-0.12) for target volumes. For OARs, there was no difference in the bladder dose, while there was a significant difference in the rectum and both femoral head doses. Plans using 1PA and 2PA showed a strong reduction to the mean rectum dose compared to plans using 1FA and 2FA. Contrastively, the D2% and mean dose in both femoral heads were always lower in plans using 1FA and 2FA. The average tumor control probability and normal tissue complication probability were comparable in plans using all arc arrangements.

Conclusions

The use of 1PA had a more effective delivery time and produced equivalent target coverage with better rectal sparing, although all plans using four arc arrangements showed generally similar for dosimetric and biological metrics. However, the D2% and mean dose in femoral heads increased slightly and remained within the tolerance. Therefore, this study suggests that the use of 1PA is an attractive choice for delivering prostate SBRT-VMAT.
Digoxin and Heart Failure: Are We Clear Yet?
Authors: Gupta Amit , Dakkak Melissa , Miller Alan
Published: January 2017

The Digoxin Investigation Group trial has multiple flaws in the trial design for the findings to be universally applicable. Digoxin in low serum concentrations (0.5–0.9 ng/mL) has been shown to decrease mortality in heart failure patients. Multiple trials in different patient populations also show benefit of digoxin in heart failure patients, including women, elderly patients, renal disease patients, and patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Retrospective observational data linking digoxin use for treatment of atrial fibrillation to increased mortality is not seen in subgroups of randomized controlled trials or population registries. Digoxin remains a useful drug in the toolbox of physicians dealing with heart failure patients.
Circadian Kinetics of Cell Cycle Progression in Adult Neurogenic Niches of a Diurnal Vertebrate
Authors: Akle Veronica , Stankiewicz Alexander J. , Kharchenko Vasili , Yu Lili , Kharchenko Peter V. , Zhdanova Irina V.
Published: January 2017

The circadian system may regulate adult neurogenesis via intracellular molecular clock mechanisms or by modifying the environment of neurogenic niches, with daily variation in growth factors or nutrients depending on the animal's diurnal or nocturnal lifestyle. In a diurnal vertebrate, zebrafish, we studied circadian distribution of immunohistochemical markers of the cell division cycle (CDC) in 5 of the 16 neurogenic niches of adult brain, the dorsal telencephalon, habenula, preoptic area, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. We find that common to all niches is the morning initiation of G1/S transition and daytime S-phase progression, overnight increase in G2/M, and cycle completion by late night. This is supported by the timing of gene expression for critical cell cycle regulators cyclins D, A2, and B2 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p20 in brain tissue. The early-night peak inp20, limiting G1/S transition, and its phase angle with the expression of core clock genes,Clock1andPer1, are preserved in constant darkness, suggesting intrinsic circadian patterns of cell cycle progression. The statistical modeling of CDC kinetics reveals the significant circadian variation in cell proliferation rates across all of the examined niches, but interniche differences in the magnitude of circadian variation in CDC, S-phase length, phase angle of entrainment to light or clock, and its dispersion. We conclude that, in neurogenic niches of an adult diurnal vertebrate, the circadian modulation of cell cycle progression involves both systemic and niche-specific factors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study establishes that in neurogenic niches of an adult diurnal vertebrate, the cell cycle progression displays a robust circadian pattern. Common to neurogenic niches located in diverse brain regions is daytime progression of DNA replication and nighttime mitosis, suggesting systemic regulation. Differences between neurogenic niches in the phase and degree of S-phase entrainment to the clock suggest additional roles for niche-specific regulatory mechanisms. Understanding the circadian regulation of adult neurogenesis can help optimize the timing of therapeutic approaches in patients with brain traumas or neurodegenerative disorders and preserve neural stem cells during cytostatic cancer therapies.
Accumulation of Polyribosomes in Dendritic Spine Heads, But Not Bases and Necks, during Memory Consolidation Depends on Cap-Dependent Translation Initiation
Authors: Ostroff Linnaea E. , Botsford Benjamin , Gindina Sofya , Cowansage Kiriana K. , LeDoux Joseph E. , Klann Eric , Hoeffer Charles
Published: January 2017

Translation in dendrites is believed to support synaptic changes during memory consolidation. Although translational control mechanisms are fundamental mediators of memory, little is known about their role in local translation. We previously found that polyribosomes accumulate in dendritic spines of the adult rat lateral amygdala (LA) during consolidation of aversive pavlovian conditioning and that this memory requires cap-dependent initiation, a primary point of translational control in eukaryotic cells. Here we used serial electron microscopy reconstructions to quantify polyribosomes in LA dendrites when consolidation was blocked by the cap-dependent initiation inhibitor 4EGI-1. We found that 4EGI-1 depleted polyribosomes in dendritic shafts and selectively prevented their upregulation in spine heads, but not bases and necks, during consolidation. Cap-independent upregulation was specific to spines with small, astrocyte-associated synapses. Our results reveal that cap-dependent initiation is involved in local translation during learning and that local translational control varies with synapse type.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTranslation initiation is a central regulator of long-term memory formation. Local translation in dendrites supports memory by providing necessary proteins at synaptic sites, but it is unknown whether this requires initiation or bypasses it. We used serial electron microscopy reconstructions to examine polyribosomes in dendrites when memory formation was blocked by an inhibitor of translation initiation. This revealed two major pools of polyribosomes that were upregulated during memory formation: one pool in dendritic spine heads that was initiation dependent and another pool in the bases and necks of small spines that was initiation independent. Thus, translation regulation differs between spine types and locations, and translation that occurs closest to individual synapses during memory formation is initiation dependent.
Self‐regulating ubiquitin ligases
Authors: Hill Spencer , Kleiger Gary
Published: January 2017

Occasional auto‐modification of ubiquitin ligases typically leads to their proteasomal destruction, but new findings published in The EMBO Journal now show that in the case of Rsp5/Nedd4, auto‐ubiquitylation instead triggers oligomerization and concomitant reduction of ligase activity. This novel mechanism therefore creates silenced ligases that remain poised for reactivation.
Role of attitudes and intentions in predicting adherence to oral diabetes medications
Authors: Fai Emmanuel K , Anderson Cheryl , Ferreros Victor
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate the extent to which patient attitudes and intentions predict adherence to the use of oral antihyperglycemic regimens in African Americans. This cross-sectional study of 115 participants used correlation analysis to establish relationships among patient attitudes, intentions and adherence. Data analyses showed significant correlations between the variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish predictions between the variables. A prediction model containing attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 37% of the variance to behavioral intention. Intentions accounted for 8.5% of the variance to adherence. Attitudes predicted behavioral intentions. The findings support the theory of planned behavior model and identify important correlations between attitudes, intentions and behaviors. In addition, the results underscore the need for promoting positive attitudes and positive intentions in effective adherence to the use of oral antihyperglycemic regimens. Achieving adequate adherence through behavioral counseling can effect positive social change by reducing the mortality and morbidity that are associated with inadequate adherence to the use of oral diabetic agents.
A HISTÓRIA DA LOUCURA NUMA PERSPECTIVA MARXISTA
Authors: CARVALHO BRUNO P. , PIZA HELEN DA C. T.
Published: January 2017

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo reinterpretar a “História da loucura”, de Michel Foucault – obra que versa sobre a gênese da loucura como doença mental, das instituições psiquiátricas e da psiquiatria – a partir da teoria social de Marx. Motiva a realização desta pesquisa a ausência de trabalhos desde a perspectiva do marxismo sobre o objeto tomado por Foucault. Os resultados da pesquisa em tela estão organizados em quatro momentos: a) inicialmente, analisa-se a concepção foucaultiana de história, indispensável ao entendimento dos períodos históricos analisados por Foucault; b) posteriormente, são destacados os períodos nomeados por Foucault como “A grande internação” (século XVII) e “O nascimento do asilo” (século XVIII); c) num terceiro momento, as considerações de Robert Castel sobre a história do alienismo à luz da problemática da “questão social” são tomadas em conta como um avanço em relação à análise foucaultiana; d) por fim, a leitura marxiana a respeito da “assim chamada acumulação primitiva” é tomada como chave interpretativa para colocar em perspectiva os fundamentos históricos e econômicos que se encontram na base das transformações apresentadas por Foucault e da própria “questão social”, expressão que surge como resposta burguesa ao pauperismo e tomada por Castel como chave explicativa do alienismo.
O SISTEMA DE PROTEÇÃO SOCIAL CHILENO: DA DITADURA MILITAR AOS DIAS ATUAIS
Authors: SOUSA RAQUEL DE B. , PAZ FERNANDA A. R. , MENESES JALDES R. DE
Published: January 2017

Este artigo se propõe a elucidar a proteção social no Chile, com enfoque nas políticas de saúde, previdência social e assistência social. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de autores como Ivanete Boschetti, Carmela Mesa-Lago, Rodrigo Castelo, Renata Baía Afonso Rego Alvim, Cláudia Robles e outros que são referências nessa discussão. Analisamos as informações mais importantes sobre a construção do sistema de proteção social e sua configuração na atualidade, a fim de conhecer a realidade do país, a forma que se desenvolveu historicamente e como se configura atualmente seu modelo de proteção social. Nossa análise possibilitou a apreensão do processo de contrarreforma que o sistema de proteção social chileno vem sofrendo desde a ditadura militar, mesmo considerando a ampliação dos investimentos após esse período.