bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical results and complications of preventive laparoscopic assisted gastropexy in 17 dogs: preliminary study
Authors: Urbanová Lucie , Crha Michal , Raušer Petr , Nečas Alois
Published: April 2011

In terms of GDV prevention, a number of non-surgical measures are recommended. However, the only truly reliable method is gastropexy, most often as part of a surgical treatment of GDV. Gastropexy may be performed preventively either during laparotomy indicated for another reason than GDV, or newly laparoscopically, as independent preventive gastropexy. Preventive laparoscopic assisted gastropexy (PLAG) was performed in 17 patients at the Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics of the Small Animal Clinic at the University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno. Clinical results and complications of PLAG were evaluated 3-12 months after surgery. The most frequent clinical finding of PLAG was a skinfold at the site of gastropexy immediately after the surgery (n = 8; 47%), or still on day 12 after the surgery (n = 1; 6%). As for PLAG complications, in one case a seroma formation was found at the site of gastropexy (6%); in two patients iatrogenic perforation of the splenic capsule (12%) occurred, which in one case gave reason to converting laparoscopy into laparotomy (6%). In none of the patients, death, gastropexy failure, GDV development, dehiscence, infection of or haemorrhage from the surgical wound were noted. Laparoscopic assisted gastropexy appears as a reliable and miniinvasive surgical method of GDV prevention and it may be recommended for high-risk breeds of dogs.
The effects of simulated microgravity on skeletal muscle of Japanese quail: transmission electron microscopic study
Authors: Holovská Katarína , Almášiová Viera , Cigánková Viera , Škrobánek Peter
Published: April 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity (hypodynamia) on the structure of the skeletal muscle (m. gastrocnemius) in developing Japanese quail by transmission electron microscopy. Samples of muscle tissues from experimental (n = 28) and control (n = 28) birds were collected at day 7, 14, 28, 42 and 56 of age. The structure of m. gastrocnenmius was changed depending on hypodynamia length. The first extensive structural changes were found on day 14 of age. The mitochondria were enlarged and the spaces between the myofibrils were slightly extended compared to control. The sarcomeres were irregular and lipid droplets occurred in the sarcoplasm. Further developmental changes occurred on day 28 of age. Mitochondria fused into the giant mitochondria which frequently exceeded the length of one sarcomere. Moreover, at 42 days of age, beside the above mentioned changes, sarcoplasmic reticulum was dilated and the number of mitochondrial cristae was reduced. However, the structure of m. gastrocnemius on day 56 was less damaged compared to the damage observed on day 42 of age. Presented results indicate that the continuous stay of male Japanese quail under simulated microgravity has a negative impact on the structure of m. gastrocnemius, but also the ability of muscle tissue to cope with these specific conditions.
Linkages between biological and cultural diversity for participatory management: Nepal’s experiences with Makulu-Barun National park and its buffer zone
Authors: Jha Shree Gopal
Published: April 2011

The Makalu-Barun National Park (MBNP) and its Buffer Zone (BZ) of eqastern Nepal shares is borders with Sagarmatha National Park on the west and with the Qomolongma Natural Preserve of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China on the North. The Park is rich in cultural diversity with many ethnic groups. Most of the households are economically poor and depend on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry and diverse natural resources for livelihoods. Slash and burn cultivation on steep slopes, poaching, hunting, over grazing, high dependency on natural resources, poverty and food deficits are the main threats to biodiversity in MBNP and BZ area. The MBNP was established in 1991 while its BZ was declared in 1998. the basic underlying approach of protection and management of the Park and its BZ is biodiversity conservation through people participation, without relying on military force.

This paper highlights the implementation of the biodiversity conservation and management approaches through people participation in the MBNP and its BZ, and also explores notable achievements and effectiveness of partnership of the Government of Nepal, the Mountain Institute (TMI) – an INGO and the local communities to sustain conservation efforts as well as to improve local livelihoods.

Key words: Biodiversity; National Park; Buffer Zone; participation; culture; linkages

Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.37-44
Heterogeneity in plant population and species diversity in Barandabhar corridor forest, Chitwan
Authors: Shrestha Binoj Kumar , Dangol Dharma Raj , Ghimire Krishnaji
Published: April 2011

This paper presents spatial heterogeneity of the plant communities in terms of population and species diversity in the Barandabhar Corridor Forest, Chitwan. The study was carried out in 2000 in the northwestern part of the forest, adjacent to the local settlements. Standard quadrat sampling method was used for the study. Vegetation analysis showed that the Sal (Shorea robusta) dominated forest consisted of a total of 190 plant species. Among them, 7 species were in the canopy layer while 54 species were found in the middle layer and 183 species in the ground vegetation. The average density of plant communities of the canopy layer, middle layer and ground vegetation showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.67, r = -0.66 and r = -0.94 respectively) with the distance into the forest of plots from the outer part of the forest. The result concluded that the degree of degradation of the forest is higher in the core regions (Government forest area) than in the outer regions which lie within the community forest.

Key words: Plant communities; Sal; density; species diversity; degradation

Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.58-63
Uterine Prolapse, Mobile Camp Approach and Body Politics in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Madhusudan
Published: April 2011

Various studies show that more than 600,000 women in Nepal are suffering from prolapsed uterus and that 200,000 of those needed immediate surgery. Many of the women with prolapse could recall the exact moment they first felt the prolapse and found difficulty to share the problems due to fear of stigma. Stories ranged from seven days immediately after the first delivery to after the birth of the fifth or sixth child; during cooking rice to sneezing and long coughing; fetching water in a big bucket to working in the field. If detected at an early stage, uterine prolapse (UP) can be controlled by pelvic exercises. For severe cases, the remedy is to insert a ring pessary to stop it from descending which has to be changed every four months. In extreme cases, uterine tissue protrudes from the vagina causing extreme discomfort. The only remedy is hysterectomy in which the uterus is surgically removed. The operation costs are about NRs 20,000. The Government of Nepal and other donor organizations have allocated funds to provide services to about 10,000 to 12,000 women suffering from uterine prolapse as humanitarian support each year and services are likely to be expanded in future. Women suffering from UP have not been able to get benefit from such assistance due to deep rooted socio-cultural perceptions and practices. The number of suffering women, on the other hand, would not decrease from existing curative management policy without hammering the root causes of UP. Moreover, a clear vision and strategy is needed to shift from humanitarian aid to a more sustainable public health intervention.Keywords: Camp Approach; Humanitarian Aid; Socio-cultural Practices; Sustainable Policy; Uterine Prolapse DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4511 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.21-40
Changing Relations between High Castes and Tamang in Melamchi Valley
Authors: Pokharel Binod
Published: April 2011

This paper is about the processes of transformation of social relations between high caste groups and Tamang in Melamchi Valley for the period of 1980-2010. Development interventions made by government of Nepal and (I) NGOs, a decade long undergoing Melamchi Water Supply Project and labor migration are major factors for ongoing changes in the study area. Spread of literacy classes and primary education, availability of credit institutions, introduction of modern farming, road networks, seasonal out migration from the area, etc. primarily define new relations among the groups. Borrowing and lending money were one of the basis of high caste and Tamang relation in past. The latter was regarded as borrower loan from first one. Before 1980s, money and agriculture commodities were controlled by few rich and high castes people. Cash income from various sources made enable the Tamang to stand on an equal footing with high caste people. Open political economy and liberal policy for issuing pass port in 1990s and after that encourage the people to diversify the destination of seasonal migration from India to Gulf countries and East Asia. Various processes of socio-economic and political changes led to local peoples to seek their position and identity in the changing context. Discourse of Tamang, high castes and Dalit entered into the Valley along with the development resources of (I)NGO and political movements of the country. This made possible to Tamang and other disadvantage groups to define and redefine their ethnic identity. Keywords: High castes; Tamang; credit facilities; subsistence farming; identity construction; money lending; wage labor DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4513 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.65-84
Cultural Landscape and Migration
Authors: Haaland Gunnar
Published: April 2011

This paper focus on the way Nepalese migrants in Myanmar use features of the natural environment in their homeland in metaphoric constructions of a cultural landscape expressing ethnic identity. It is through such "symbolic work" that perceptions of "ethnoscapes" are shaped and indoctrinated. Although the appeal is to symbols that can serve to foster the importance of Nepaliness as a basis for belonging to an imagined community, this does not mean that the caste/ethnicity interaction boundaries are broken down. It does mean however that sectors of activities where such boundaries are made relevant have been changed and so has the cultural content organized through such interaction boundaries. Ethnoscapes do not exist by themselves from a 'primordial' past; they require ongoing expression and confirmation. Features of a natural environment most migrants have never seen is used as sources for spinning compelling webs of significance extolling the values of belonging to a group that shares a common past in that environment. I shall here present material of an ethnoscape very different from what is experienced in Nepal, namely Nepalese multi-caste/ethnic communities among Kachins, Shans, Burmese, Indian and Chinese traders in the Kachin state of Northern Myanmar. Keywords: Nepali migrants; Myanmar; ethnic identity; cultural landscape DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4515 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.99-110
AIDS Awareness and Educating Adolescents about Contraception Techniques: A Sociological Study of Parents and Teachers
Authors: Singh Amanpreet
Published: April 2011

This paper is based on partially exploratory and partially descriptive research design to find out AIDS awareness and agreement of parents and teachers on educating adolescents about contraception techniques. For this study 60 parents and 60 teachers were interviewed from 10 different Govt. Senior Secondary schools in district Sangrur, Punjab, India. The random sampling technique was used. The knowledge of AIDS among parents was found partial. Mothers showed lesser knowledge of AIDS in comparison to fathers. Teachers showed comprehensive knowledge of AIDS. Majority of respondents disagree on educating adolescents about contraception techniques. But all responded reported to be in agreement to provide full knowledge about AIDS to adolescents. The education of contraception for adolescent found to be associated with the knowledge of prevention from unwanted pregnancy. Parents and teachers showed propensity to provide such education to adolescents which advocates sexual abstinence until marriage. The plausible reason to such perception could be that in most of Indian societies there is taboo on sex or sex related discussion. Keywords: Adolescents and AIDS; contraception knowledge to adolescents; teachers and AIDS; parents and AIDS DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4520 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.193-210
Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny
Authors: Chalaune Prem Bahadur
Published: April 2011

Amartya Sen, (2006). Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. London: Penguin Books.( pp 215) Price: £ 14.99DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4525 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.261-268
In vitro Micropropagation of Datura metel L. through Somatic Embryos from Root Explants
Authors: Nithiya P. , Arockiasamy D. I.
Published: April 2011

A simple reproducible protocol has been reported from root explants for in vitro micropropagation of Datura metel through somatic embryos. A large number of somatic embryos were developed from these explants on MS supplemented with BAP 4.0 mg/l 15 days after inoculation. Subsequently all embryos developed into plants while they were attached to the explants. Fast shoot elongation and root growth were achieved in MS containing BAP 2.0 mg/l, GA3 1.0 mg/l and IBA 1.0 mg/l. These plantlets had a well developed tap root system and hundreds of plantlets could be easily separated from the initial root explants. The well rooted plantlets were hardened in plastic cups containing sterilized vermiculite, garden soil and farmyard soil (1 : 1 : 1). These plants were successfully transferred and grown in the soil mixture after two weeks with a survival rate of 90%. The protocol developed should prove to be highly promising to produce large quantities of plants in a short period of time.  Key words: Somatic embryos, Root explants, Micropropagation, Datura metel D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3231 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 125-130, 2007 (December)
In vitro Regeneration of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata) through Hypocotyl and Cotyledon Culture
Authors: Munshi M.K. , Roy P.K. , Kabir M.H. , Ahmed G.
Published: April 2011

The best response toward direct regeneration of multiple shoots from seven-dayold seedling was observed on half-strength MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA. Hypocotyl and cotyledon explants produced highest percentage (73 and 66, respectively) of shoots. The maximum number of shoots (12) and the highest shoot length of 5.9 cm were also observed in this medium. On the other hand, indirect regeneration via callus was observed in cotyledonary explants. Maximum percentage of callus formation was observed on MS containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l NAA. Highest frequency of shoot regeneration was achieved on MS fortified with 2.0 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA in cotyledon derived callus. Shoot regeneration was not obtained in hypocotyl-derived callus. Shoots rooted well when they were excised individually and implanted in halfstrength MS with 0.5 mg/l IBA in which 98% rooting was achieved within 10 - 12 days. The well rooted in vitro raised plantlets were successfully transferred to soil and their survival rate under natural environment was 86%. Key words: In vitro regeneration, Cabbage, Hypocotyl, Cotyledon  D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3233  Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 131-136, 2007 (December)
Regression of plaque burden after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a patient with TVD: 4 years follow-up
Authors: Islam AHM W , Munwar S , Talukder S , Reza AQM , Ahmed T
Published: April 2011

Coronary Artery disease (CAD) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world as well as in Bangladesh. Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patient either by Streptokinase (STK) or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (pPCI) has increased the survival outcome and reduced the mortality. Several studies have documented the significant beneficial role pPCI in terms of in-hospital survival outcome over thrombolysis.  Our patient, who had Anterior MI in 2004 and his CAG revealed TVD.  pPCI of the culprit mid LAD lesion with Bare Metal Stent (BMS) was done immediately after hospitalization. He was later referred for CABG, but decision postponed because of asymptomatic status. His re-look CAG on 20-02-2008 (i.e., 4 yrs after the original procedure), revealed patent LAD stent with the regression of atherosclerotic plaque in Ostio-Proximal LAD and proximal LCX. Our findings indicated that pPCI with rigid control of CAD risk factors and modification of lifestyle plays a key role in the regression of atherosclerotic plaque and maintenance of stent patency.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6959Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.22-25
Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A case report
Authors: Mallik AU , Rahman MZ , Sarker MMR
Published: April 2011

Background: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the urinary bladder is very rare variety of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) with a prominent component of spindle-shaped cell. The incidence rate of this tumor is 0.5 % of all bladder tumors.Case report: Herein, we report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of urinary bladder of a farmer aged 70 years old, smoker  with the complaints of lower abdominal pain, mild burning during urination and 3 episodes of painless gross haematuria. USG of KUB revealed a cystic lesion in front of the anterior bladder wall.  We planned for total cystectomy but patient refused, so, partial cystectomy was carried out. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological study. Patient refused for radiotherapy or chemotherapy and died after 7 months of surgery due to metastasis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6961Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.28-29
Market Entry Prediction Competition 2010
Authors: Hariskos Wasilios , Leder Johannes , Teodorescu Kinneret
Published: April 2011

We submitted three models to the competition which were based on the I-SAW model. The models introduced four new assumptions. In the first model an adjustment process was introduced through which the tendency for exploration was higher at the beginning and decreased over time in the exploration stage. Another new assumption was that surprise as a factor influencing the weight of a trial in the sampling procedure was added. In the second model we added the possibility of an exclusion of unreliable experiences gained in the early trials of a game and the possibility of a revision of a reasonable alternative which was responsible for a very bad outcome in the previous trial. Three of the four added assumptions were combined in the third model. Because each of our models contains at least two new assumptions, we estimated the relative effect of each assumption on the estimation and prediction scores and carried out a test of robustness. In this way, we were able to clarify the usefulness of each added assumption.
Competing in Several Areas Simultaneously: The Case of Strategic Asset Markets
Authors: Nermuth Manfred
Published: April 2011

We characterize the structure of Nash equilibria for a certain class of asset market games. In equilibrium, different assets have different returns, and (risk neutral) investors with different wealth hold portfolios with different structures. In equilibrium, an asset’s return is inversely related to the elasticity of its supply. The larger an investor, the more diversified is his portfolio. Smaller investors do not hold all the assets, but achieve higher percentage returns. More generally, our results can be applied also to other “multi-market games” in which several players compete in several arenas simultaneously, like multi-market Cournot oligopolies, or multiple rent-seeking games.
The Role of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase and AMP-Activated Kinase in the Rapid Estrogenic Attenuation of Cannabinoid-Induced Changes in Energy Homeostasis
Authors: Jeffery Garrett S. , Peng Kelly C. , Wagner Edward J.
Published: April 2011

We sought to determine the involvement of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the estrogenic antagonism of the cannabinoid regulation of energy homeostasis. Food intake and body weight were evaluated in ovariectomized female guinea pigs treated s.c. with estradiol benzoate (EB) or its sesame oil vehicle, or the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 or its cremephor/ethanol/0.9% saline vehicle. AMPK catalytic subunit, PI3K p85α regulatory subunit and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression was assessed via quantitative RT-PCR in microdissected hypothalamic tissue. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed in hypothalamic slices. Both EB and AM251 decreased food intake and weight gain, and increased AMPKα1, AMPKα2 and PI3K p85α gene expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus. 17β-Estradiol rapidly and markedly attenuated the decreases in glutamatergic miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency caused by the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 in POMC neurons. This rapid estrogenic diminution of cannabinoid-induced decreases in mEPSC frequency was blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780 and the PI3K inhibitor PI 828, the latter of which also prevented the AM251-induced increase in mEPSC frequency. In addition, the AMPK activator metformin reversed the EB-induced decreases in food intake and weight gain and restored the ability of WIN 55,212-2 to reduce mEPSC frequency. These data reveal that estrogens physiologically antagonize cannabinoid-induced changes in appetite and POMC neuronal activity by activating PI3K and inhibiting AMPK. As such, they provide insight into the neuroanatomical substrates and signal transduction mechanisms upon which these counter-regulatory factors converge in the control of energy homeostasis.
Initiation of HIV Reverse Transcription: Is Enzyme Flipping Required?
Authors: Götte Matthias
Published: April 2011

Liu and colleagues have recently studied dynamic changes in the orientation of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) on its nucleic acid substrate during initiation of DNA synthesis. The authors employed a single molecule FRET assay and revealed the existence of an equilibrium between polymerase-competent and “flipped” polymerase-incompetent orientations. RT flipping correlates with enzyme pausing during initiation, while the transition to the processive elongation phase correlates with increases in the population of polymerase-competent complexes. The potential biological significance of these findings is discussed in this commentary in lieu of the entire process of reverse transcription.
Oxidative allylic rearrangement of cycloalkenols: Formal total synthesis of enantiomerically pure trisporic acid B
Authors: Dubberke Silke , Abbas Muhammad , Westermann Bernhard
Published: April 2011

Enantiomerically highly enriched unsaturated β-ketoesters bearing a quaternary stereocenter can be utilized as building blocks for the synthesis of natural occurring terpenes, i. a., trisporic acid and its derivatives. An advanced building block has been synthesized in a short reaction sequence, which involves an oxidative allylic rearrangement initiated by pyridinium dichromate (PDC) as the key step.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF MARKETING RISK AND EFFICIENCY / INTEGRUOTAS MARKETINGO RIZIKOS IR EFEKTYVUMO VALDYMAS
Authors: Rutkauskas Aleksandras Vytautas , Ginevičius Adomas
Published: April 2011

There are two principal problems arising for marketing management: first—the increase of marketing ability to use effectively its resources, and second—to inventory the risks influencing marketing activity in order to develop their management strategy. Considering exceptional riskiness of marketing, the solution of marketing efficiency problems is not separable from identification of risks, influencing marketing, and their management strategies development. Integrated analysis of marketing efficiency and risk management problems is performed in two ways. First, a marketing risks portfolio management situation is analysed in such a way that resources, intended for risk management, are distributed among the means of decreasing value at risk in such a manner that the overall value of risk, i.e. the resultant of all risk values, would be minimal. Second, based on the expert efficiency estimates for a unit of costs in every element of marketing structure, a distribution of costs is pursued which would uphold the best increase of marketinggenerated marginal utility. To find the solution, imitative modeling and stochastic optimization methods are used. Santrauka Kyla dvi pagrindines marketingo valdymo problemos: pirma—tai marketingo gebejimo efektyviai naudoti jam skirtus išteklius didinimas, antra—inventorizuoti marketingo veiklai itak daranèias rizikas, siekiant parengti ju valdymo strategij. Atsižvelgiant i išskirtini marketingo rizikingum, jo efektyvumo problemu sprendimas neatsiejamas nuo riziku, daranèiu poveiki marketingui, identifikavimo ir ju valdymo strategiju sukurimo. Straipsnyje marketingo efektyvumas ir rizikos valdymo problemos nagrinejamos dviem budais. Pirmas—nagrinejama marketingo riziku portfelio valdymo situacija, kai ištekliai, skirti rizikai valdyti, dalijami tarp priemoniu, skirtu riziku vertei mažinti (Value at Risk), taip, kad bendroji rizikos verte, t. y. visu rizikos verèiu atstojamoji, butu minimali. Antras—remiantis ekspertu efektyvumo iverèiais snaudu vienetui kiekviename marketingo strukturos elemente, ieškomas toks snaudu padalijimas, kuris puoseletu naudingiausi marketingo sukuriamo ribinio naudingumo prieaugi. Sprendimams rasti pasitelkti imitacinio modeliavimo ir stochastinio optimizavimo metodai.
INTERACTIVE MULTICRITERIA DECISION AIDING UNDER RISK—METHODS AND APPLICATIONS / INTERAKTYVIŲ DAUGIAKRITERINIŲ SPRENDIMŲ PASISKIRSTYMAS RIZIKOS SĄLYGOMIS: METODAI IR SPRENDIMAI
Authors: Nowak Maciej
Published: April 2011

In the paper a discrete multicriteria decision making problem under risk is considered. It is assumed that the set of alternatives consists of a finite number of elements that are explicitly described. The evaluations of alternatives with respect to criteria are represented by distribution functions. The decision maker tries to find a solution preferred to all other solutions. To solve the problem one has to analyze the decision maker's preferences. In the study interactive approach is used. Three interactive methods and its applications in operations management are presented. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama diskreèiuju sprendimu priemimo problemos analize apimant rizikos veiksnius. Pasirinkimo alternatyvos suprantamos kaip kompleksas baigtiniu elementu ir alternatyvos, atsižvelgiant i kriterijus, yra išreikštos paskirstymo funkcijomis. Priimant sprendimus butina atrasti išeiti, priimtin tolesniems sprendimams. Straipsnyje siuloma, kad, norint išsprêsti vien problem, butina išanalizuoti sprendimu vertintojo lukesèius.
De novo activation of HBV with escape mutations from hepatitis B surface antibody after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Ueda Yoshihide , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Egawa Hiroto , Okamoto Shinya , Ogura Yasuhiro , Oike Fumitaka , Nishijima Norihiro , Takada Yasutsugu , Uemoto Shinji , Chiba Tsutomu
Published: April 2011

Background

De novo activation of HBV occurs after liver transplantation from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)- positive donors, even under hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) prophylaxis. One reason for the activation of HBV is the emergence of HBV with escape mutations from hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The aim of this study is to clarify the clinical features for de novo activation of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations after liver transplantation.

Methods

Clinical features of 75 patients who received HBIG prophylaxis >6 months after liver transplantation with liver grafts from anti-HBc-positive donors were retrospectively analysed.

Results

Among the 75 recipients, 19 (25%) developed de novo activation of HBV. Of the 19 recipients, the emergence of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations was confirmed in 7 patients. The rate of de novo activation of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations was 12% at 5 years. Sequence analysis revealed mutations in the common ‘a’ determinant region of the surface gene, including G145R, G145A and Q129P, in HBsAg. Administration of entecavir immediately after the occurrence of de novo HBV activation resolved hepatitis and induced clearance of serum HBsAg and HBV DNA in all four patients receiving entecavir.

Conclusions

Escape mutations from anti-HBs caused de novo activation of HBV under HBIG prophylaxis after liver transplantation. Early administration of entecavir was effective on de novo activation of HBV with anti-HBs escape mutations.
Dispositifs thérapeutiques de groupe pour jeunes enfants psychotiques et autistes
Authors: Jacquet Éric
Published: April 2011

Résumé A partir d’une revue critique des travaux pouvant servir de références pour comprendre ce qui opère dans les groupes thérapeutiques de jeunes enfants à dominantes psychotiques et autistes, l’auteur tente de dégager les constantes cliniques, les convergences de vues et les perspectives permettant de théoriser ce type de dispositifs et d’en préciser le champ épistémologique. Il en ressort que le processus associatif réactualise les aléas de la constitution de la symbolisation primaire en tant qu’elle a pris forme dans l’intersubjectivité. Il s’agit donc d’une clinique à l’articulation de l’interpersonnel et de l’intrapsychique où la construction interne de la limite s’effectue à partir des boucles intersubjectives, ce qui invite, en outre, à complexifier la classique opposition cadre/processus.
Dans la fidélité au Concile Vatican II
Authors: Thomasset Alain
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le but de cette étude n’est pas de prendre position au sein de la querelle qui oppose la morale autonome à l’éthique de la foi, mais plutôt de montrer la dimension intrinsèquement herméneutique de la théologie morale, telle que Vatican II l’avait souhaitée, comme l’attestent les encycliques Gaudium et Spes , Dignitatis Humanae , Nostra Aetate , etc. Karl Rahner et, plus récemment, Christophe Theobald ont travaillé cet aspect de manière approfondie et pertinente. La théologie des signes des temps en constitue un axe fort ; et Gaudium et Spes contient une véritable méthode de théologie morale. Quant à Veritatis Splendor , elle a pu être présentée comme un texte sévère, fondé sur la morale de l’objet. Elle était en effet destinée à stigmatiser les dérives issues des mésusages de la liberté. Pour ce faire, Jean-Paul II proposa une compréhension de la notion de conscience, selon une lecture spécifique de la doctrine thomiste. Les réserves émises au sujet de l’option fondamentale ne semblent pas atteindre la plupart des auteurs visés. L’intention de l’agir reste au cœur de la controverse, et la conclusion de l’encyclique oriente vers une conception « intégraliste » de la foi.
Martyre protestant
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: April 2011

Par le martyre, les protestants témoignent de leurs expériences religieuses telles qu’ils l’élaborent face au dogme et au pouvoir de l’Église de Rome. Dans cette optique le fait majeur est la traduction en français de la Bible et son enseignement par les prédicateurs. Elle est une cause fondamentale de la réforme en ouvrant à chaque chrétien, de façon démocratique les interprétations de leurs croyances et dès lors le heurt de celles-ci avec les convictions instituées. La compréhension de la « présence réelle du Christ dans l’eucharistie par Calvin » se révèle à la lecture de son petit traité une affaire moins théologique que politique.
Le mystère du sang
Authors: Zimra Georges
Published: April 2011

Au Moyen Âge le passage du judaïsme au christianisme est passage de l’Ancien au Nouveau, de l’éternité à la résurrection, de l’errance à la sédentarité, du cochon au juif, de l’os à la chair, des christianos nuevos aux christianos de tiempo immemorial. Les lois sur le statut du sang devaient distinguer les convertis des chrétiens. Le meurtre rituel a été le moment fécond d’un délire qui fait du sang d’un enfant chrétien, l’éternité des juifs. La question de l’origine est ici posée. L’inquisition et ses persécutions ont initié les pogromes qui ont fait des corps des juifs le ressourcement de la Passion du Christ.
Le martyre : la dialectique du vivre et du mourir
Authors: Lemoine Laurent
Published: April 2011

Pouvoir parler du martyre aujourd’hui dans un travail d’interface entre confessions religieuses et psychanalyse est une possibilité stimulante qui ne correspond déjà plus au contexte d’il y a dix ans. En effet, de nos jours, le retour de croyances communautariennes devient massif. Quels sont les points communs et les divergences entre deux itinéraires de martyr apparemment éloignés, celui d’Antigone, d’une part, et celui, de Maximilien Kolbe mort en déportation à Auschwitz en août 1942 ? D’autre part, comment s’y joue, dans les deux cas, la dialectique du vivre et du mourir ? C’est ce que ce texte a tenté de travailler.
D'une guerre à l'autre : le sacrifice
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie
Published: April 2011

La mort héroïque est une « anti-mort » qui est vainqueur de la mort parce qu’elle lui impose un sens qu’elle n’aurait pas d’elle-même. La sublimation de ceux qui s’y engagent leur offre le sentiment de vivre une aventure humaine qu’aucune activité ne pourrait leur offrir et s’inscrit non pas dans le renoncement et la perte mais au contraire dans le gain de sens.
Evidence-Based Strategies for Teaching Dysrhythmia Monitoring Practices to Staff Nurses
Authors: Schultz Susan Jane
Published: April 2011

Standards for dysrhythmia monitoring were established by the American Heart Association in 2004, but they have not been fully implemented in everyday nursing practice. Nurses working on units with cardiac monitoring must be able to prepare the skin and place electrodes correctly, monitor in the appropriate lead, and identify potentially lethal dysrhythmias. This article presents a literature review of evidence-based strategies for educating staff nurses on dysrhythmia monitoring practices. Based on the findings of this literature review, there is evidence to support the use of an interactive web-based learning format combined with unit-based collaborative activities and competency validation. The program should incorporate Chickering and Gamson’s seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. More research is needed with randomized controlled studies to determine the most effective strategies.
Interaction, Unscripted
Authors: Buxton Barbara K.
Published: April 2011

Quality care for clients with mental illness begins in the classroom. This article describes an effective use of drama with undergraduate nursing students. Because of nursing students’ fear and anxiety related to the psychiatric-mental health clinical experience, dramatic presentations are used as a way to expose students to a “real-life” client in a controlled setting. A student volunteer portraying a nurse and the faculty person portraying an individual with a mental illness interact without a written script in front of the class. Following the depiction, the class is encouraged to use the nursing process to plan care for the individual. Students have evaluated the presentations favorably and have indicated that the presentations decrease their anxiety and fear and build their confidence. Practicing nurses could use this kind of simulation as a way to enhance their own communication skills. When faced with a difficult patient, nurses may use drama together in a controlled setting and practice how best to provide quality care to that patient using the nursing process.
Exploring the Applicability of Interdependence Theory to CNA-Resident Relationships
Authors: Medvene Louis J. , Coleman Carissa K.
Published: April 2011

This study explored the quality of certified nurse assistant (CNA)-resident relationships. Of interest was the extent to which interdependence theory could be used to code CNAs’ responses to questions about their relationships with residents and factors that promoted or limited these relationships. Interdependence theory defines closeness in terms of outcome interdependence and provides an account of how trust and commitment can develop. Seventeen socially skilled CNAs from nine long-term care facilities participated in structured personal interviews. All of the CNAs said they had developed close relationships with some residents. CNAs’ answers to interview questions indicated they were thinking “relationally” about their interactions with residents. Many CNAs made reference to commitment and pro-relationship behaviors that promoted relationships, and their responses supported the applicability of interdependence theory. Implications for training are that CNAs should be encouraged to think relationally, as well as dispositionally, and that boundary issues need to be explored.
Modularity of the Oral Jaws Is Linked to Repeated Changes in the Craniofacial Shape of African Cichlids
Authors: Parsons Kevin J. , Cooper W. James , Albertson R. Craig
Published: April 2011

The African cichlids of the East-African rift-lakes provide one of the most dramatic examples of adaptive radiation known. It has long been thought that functional decoupling of the oral and pharyngeal jaws in cichlids has facilitated their explosive evolution. Recent research has also shown that craniofacial evolution from radiations in lakes Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika has occurred along a shared primary axis of shape divergence, whereby the preorbital region of the skull changes in a manner that is, relatively independent from other head regions. We predicted that the preorbital region would comprise a variational module and used an extensive dataset from each lake that allowed us to test this prediction using a model selection approach. Our findings supported the presence of a preorbital module across all lakes, within each lake, and for Malawi, within sand and rock-dwelling clades. However, while a preorbital module was consistently present, notable differences were also observed among groups. Of particular interest, a negative association between patterns of variational modularity was observed between the sand and rock-dwelling clades, a patter consistent with character displacement. These findings provide the basis for further experimental research involving the determination of the developmental and genetic bases of these patterns of modularity.
Theological poverty of churches in the developing world: Its causes and effects
Authors: Hwang Jae-Buhm
Published: April 2011

By and large, the non Protestant churches from the developing world rarely have a creative theology that is unique to their own cultures and religiosity. It was my hypothesis that the theological barrenness of churches from the developing world is partly as a result of the antiintellectualist legacy of the past missions from the developed world. This legacy was fostered by the strong paternalism of these past missions on the one hand and on the other, by their revivalist conversionism. The anti-intellectual legacy has brought two notable results to the missionised churches from the developing world: their profound dependency on theologies from the developed world and their resulting theological poverty, both interdependent elements.
Glatiramer Acetate in the Reduction of Relapse Frequency in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Miravalle Augusto , Hendin Barry , Vollmer Timothy L. , Kala Mrinalini
Published: April 2011

Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone®) is a heterogeneous polymer of four amino acids. It is one of the therapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1996 for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). GA reduces the relapse rate for RRMS, and has a good safety profile and moderate efficacy. Preclinical and clinical studies reveal that GA plays a role in modulating the cells of the immune system as well as in neuroprotection. In this article, we review the role of GA in reducing the frequency of relapses in MS, as well as its efficacy, safety, and current place in therapy.
Cultivating Change Through Peer Teaching
Authors: Velez Jonathan J. , Cano Jamie , Whittington M. Susie , Wolf Kattlyn J.
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to describe the impact of peer teaching on both the students and the classroom environment. Students, enrolled in two Introduction to Teaching courses in agricultural and extension education, were asked to engage in peer teaching activities. The researchers utilized discourse analysis, textual analysis, individual interviews, and focus group interviews to gather data addressing the research objectives. Overall, participants enjoyed both peer teaching and being taught by peers. The peer teaching environment facilitated student interaction which allowed students to assume the role of active participants. Students laughed, talked, and interacted throughout the lessons, creating a warm and inclusive atmosphere. Specifically, students that engaged in peer teaching displayed elements of metacognition, self-reflection, and career formation, coupled with a classroom environment free from the typical instructional and relational constraints associated with instructor/learner interaction.
The Relationship Between Experience and Self–Perceptions of Knowledge and Relevance of Teaching Competencies of Faculty in a College of Agricultural and Life Sciences
Authors: Stedman Nicole L. P. , Roberts T. Grady , Harder Amy , Myers Brian E. , Thoron Andrew C.
Published: April 2011

There has been a call for faculty at academic institutions to improve the quality of their educational programs. Previous research findings have found that the size and focus of the institution impacts the quality and resources given to instructional activities. However, it has been noted that traditionally research-focused institutions now are beginning to appreciate the role and importance of their academic programs. Researchers designed this study to describe the differences existing among faculty’s self– perceived knowledge and relevance of teaching competencies to deliver academic programs. A web–based questionnaire designed with three distinct set of questions regarding instructional and teaching needs was administered to a convenience sample of College of Agricultural and Life Sciences faculty at the University of Florida. Faculty reported low self–perceptions in the area of distance delivery. Characteristics such as faculty \ appointment and rank were found to impact perceptions toward teaching as well. Recommendations for further research and programmatic development were provided.
Effects of Regulatory Self–Questioning on Secondary–Level Students’ Problem–Solving Performance
Authors: Pate Michael L. , Miller Greg
Published: April 2011

A randomized posttest–only control group experimental design was used to determine the effects of regulatory self–questioning on secondary–level career and technical education students’ electrical circuit theory test scores. Students who participated in the self–questioning group were asked to answer a list of regulatory questions as they solved their problems. The difference in test scores between the experimental and control groups was statistically significant (t(62) = 1.96; p = .027). On average, students who participated in the self–questioning group outperformed students in the control group by 10 percentage points. Cohen’s d indicated a moderate effect size (0.5). In the control group, 53% of students achieved a test score of 80% or better on the Ohm’s Law test, whereas 79% of students in the regulatory self–questioning group scored 80% or better. The use of regulatory self–questioning may positively benefit teachers who teach principles of Ohm’s Law. Educators could assist students in achieving greater problem–solving outcomes by requiring use of regulatory self–questioning. This study should be replicated to determine the effects of regulatory self–questioning with other secondary–level students. Further research should be conducted to investigate the effects of regulatory self–questioning when students are faced with increasingly complex problems.
Impact of Gender, Ethnicity, Year in School, Social Economic Status, and State Standardized Assessment Scores on Student Content Knowledge Achievement When Using Vee Maps as a Formative Assessment Tool
Authors: Thoron Andrew C. , Myers Brian E.
Published: April 2011

The National Research Council has recognized the challenge of assessing laboratory investigation and called for the investigation of assessments that are proven through sound research-based studies. The Vee map provides a framework that allows the learners to conceptualize their previous knowledge as they develop success in meaningful learning when they utilize the Vee map to guide their thinking and the process of experimentation. Previous research has shown that using the Vee map as a formative assessment tool positively affects student content knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of student demographic variables on student content knowledge achievement when using the Vee map as a formative assessment tool. The population of this quasi-experimental, counter-balance design study was composed of students at nine high schools that offered agriscience education. The results of this study indicated the Vee map is unbiased based on gender, grade, and ethnicity. It was also concluded that the Vee map does not provide either remedial or non–remedial readers with a significant advantage, thus allowing the assessment to focus on the content rather than a student’s reading ability.
Inquiry-based Instruction: How is it Utilized, Accepted, and Assessed in Schools with National Agriscience Teacher Ambassadors?
Authors: Thoron Andrew C. , Myers Brian E. , Abrams Katie
Published: April 2011

The agricultural education profession has established that agriculture can be taught as an integrated science and teachers are receptive to highlighting the science in agriculture. However, there is a lack of consensus and possibly even confusion on the understanding of the term “inquiry” in agricultural education. This study used focus groups to determine the behavior of National Agriscience Teacher Ambassador Academy (NATAA) participants when implementing inquiry-based instruction in their local program. Participants were aware of the term inquiry but did not have a full understanding of the concept before attending the academy. Teachers also indicated they had to become more prepared ahead of time and that inquiry-based instruction is more rewarding during instruction. Assessment varied greatly based on the local school’s expectations of the agriculture department’s role and the teacher’s connections within their school. Based on these findings, recommendations for the NATAA as well as for future research are included.
Reporting and Interpreting Effect Size in Quantitative Agricultural Education Research
Authors: Kotrlik Joe W. , Williams Heather A. , Jabor M. Khata
Published: April 2011

The Journal of Agricultural Education (JAE) requires authors to follow the guidelines stated in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association [APA] (2009) in preparing research manuscripts, and to utilize accepted research and statistical methods in conducting quantitative research studies. The APA recommends the reporting of effect sizes in quantitative research, when appropriate. JAE now requires the reporting of effect size when reporting statistical significance in quantitative manuscripts. The purposes of this manuscript are to describe the research foundation supporting the reporting of effect size in quantitative research and to provide examples of how to calculate effect size for some of the most common statistical analyses utilized in agricultural education research. Recommendations for appropriate effect size measures and interpretation are included. The assumptions and limitations inherent in the reporting of effect size in research are also incorporated.