bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibrating Nonparametric Morphological Indicators from JWST Images for Galaxies over 0.5 < z < 3
Authors: Ren Jian , Liu F. S. , Li Nan , Cui Qifan , Zhao Pinsong , Li Yubin , Song Qi , Yesuf Hassen M. , Zheng Xian Zhong
Published: June 2024

The measurements of morphological indicators of galaxies are often influenced by a series of observational effects. In this study, we utilize a sample of 832 TNG50 simulated galaxies with log(M
*/M
⊙)> 9 at 0.5 < z < 3 to investigate the differences in nonparametric morphological indicators (C, A, Gini, M
20, A
O, and D
O) derived from noise-free and high-resolution TNG50 images and mock images simulated to have the same observational conditions as JWST/NIRCam. We quantify the relationship between intrinsic and observed values of the morphological indicators and accordingly apply this calibration to 4733 galaxies in the same stellar mass and redshift ranges observed in JWST CEERS and JADES surveys. We find a significant evolution of morphological indicators with rest-frame wavelength (λ
rf) at λ
rf < 1 μm, while essentially no obvious variations occur at λ
rf > 1 μm. The morphological indicators of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and quiescent galaxies (QGs) are significantly different. The morphologies of QGs exhibit a higher sensitivity to rest-frame wavelength than SFGs. After analyzing the evolution of morphological indicators in the rest-frame V band (0.5–0.7 μm) and rest-frame J band (1.1–1.4 μm), we find that the morphologies of QGs evolve substantially with both redshift and stellar mass. For SFGs, the C, Gini, and M
20 show a rapid evolution with stellar mass at log(M
*/M
⊙) ≥ 10.5, while the A
O, D
O, and A evolve with both redshift and stellar mass. Our comparison shows that TNG50 simulations effectively reproduce the morphological indicators we measured from JWST observations when the impact of dust attenuation is considered.
The Relationship of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies at z < 4 in the Deep Optical Variability-selected Active Galactic Nuclei Sample in the COSMOS Field
Authors: Hoshi Atsushi , Yamada Toru , Kokubo Mitsuru , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Nagao Tohru
Published: June 2024

We present the study on the relationship between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies using our variability-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) sample (i
AB ≤ 25.9 and z ≤ 4.5) constructed from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Ultradeep survey in the COSMOS field. We estimated the black hole (BH) mass (M
BH = 105.5−10
M
⊙) based on the single-epoch virial method and the total stellar mass (M
star = 1010−12
M
⊙) by separating the AGN component with spectral energy distribution fitting. We found that the redshift evolution of the BH–stellar mass ratio (M
BH/M
star) depends on the M
BH, which is caused by no significant correlation between M
BH and M
star. Variable AGNs with massive SMBHs (M
BH > 109
M
⊙) at 1.5 < z < 3 show considerably higher BH–stellar mass ratios (> ∼1%) than the BH–bulge ratios (M
BH/M
bulge) observed in the local Universe for the same BH range. This implies that there is a typical growth path of massive SMBHs, which is faster than the formation of the bulge component as final products seen in the present day. For the low-mass SMBHs (M
BH < 108
M
⊙) at 0.5 < z < 3, on the other hand, variable AGNs show similar BH–stellar mass ratios with the local objects (∼0.1%), but smaller than those observed at z > 4. We interpret that host galaxies harboring less massive SMBHs at intermediate redshift have already acquired sufficient stellar mass, although high-z galaxies are still in the early stage of galaxy formation relative to those at the intermediate/local Universe.
Search for Neutrino Emission from the Cygnus Bubble Based on LHAASO γ-Ray Observations
Authors: Li Wenlian , Huang Tian-Qi , Xu Donglian , He Huihai
Published: June 2024

The Cygnus region, which contains massive molecular and atomic clouds and young stars, is a promising Galactic neutrino source candidate. Cosmic-ray transport in the region can produce neutrinos and γ-rays. Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) detected an ultrahigh-energy γ-ray bubble (Cygnus Bubble) in this region. Using publicly available track events detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in 7 yr of full detector operation, we conduct searches for correlated neutrino signals from the Cygnus Bubble with neutrino emission templates based on LHAASO γ-ray observations. No significant signals were found for any employed templates. With the 7 TeV γ-ray flux template, we set a flux upper limit of 90% confidence level for the neutrino emission from the Cygnus Bubble to be 5.7 × 10−13 TeV−1 cm−2 s−1 at 5 TeV.
Determination of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the halophytes Suaeda edulis and Suaeda esteroa (Chenopodiaceae): An option as novel healthy agro-foods
Authors: Costa-Becheleni Francyelli Regina , Troyo-Diéguez Enrique , Ruiz-Hernández Alan Amado , Ayala-Niño Fernando , Bustamante-Salazar Luis Alejandro , Medel-Narváez Alfonso , Martínez-Rincón Raúl Octavio , Robles-Sánchez Rosario Maribel
Published: June 2024

Food security is relevant due to the uncertain availability of healthy food. Accordingly, it is necessary to know the biological potential of new crops as a food source to meet the basic nutritional needs of a growing population. This study aimed to analyze chemical extractions of the cultivated species Suaeda edulis and its wild relative S. esteroa to determine their biological and nutritional value. For analysis, we collected 25 plants of S. edulis in the chinampas-producing area of Xochimilco, Mexico City, and 25 plants of S. esteroa in Balandra beach, Baja California Sur, Mexico. We quantified total phenols, total flavonoids, and the total antioxidant capacity of free and conjugated fractions by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum trichloride, DPPH, and TEAC spectrophotometric methods. S. esteroa reflected a higher content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity (free and conjugated) than the values of S. edulis. We determined 39.94 and 49.64% higher values of total phenol content in S. esteroa than S. edulis, 36 and 40.33% in total flavonoid content, 32.92 and 40.50% in total antioxidant capacity by DPPH, and 34.45 and 48.91% by TEAC for free and conjugated fractions, respectively. We identified 11 phenolic compounds in both halophytes; among them, the free form ferulic acid, gallic acid, and rutin showed high concentrations in S. edulis, whereas quercetin and ferulic acid were more abundant in S. esteroa. The conjugated fraction showed lower concentrations than the free fraction. In conclusion, we found a high biologically active potential of the halophytes studied; this could boost their consumption, which in turn would offer S. edulis and S. esteroa as new sustainable crops to help address food shortages in regions with water scarcity or soil salinity, as well as to counteract chronic degenerative diseases associated with obesity.
Nonce generation techniques in Schnorr multi-signatures: Exploring EdDSA-inspired approaches
Authors: Sabbry Nawras H. , Levina Alla
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a deterministic nonce generation technique to address the catastrophic issues associated with nonce reuse in message signing and to enhance the efficiency of Schnorr multi-signature schemes. Additionally, this research aims to reduce computational complexity and bandwidth requirements in digital and multi-signature schemes while maintaining robust security against common attacks. The proposed method was inspired by the EdDSA approach. The methodology includes a comprehensive mathematical analysis of digital signature algorithms and a rigorous examination of their vulnerabilities to well-known cryptographic attacks. This analysis evaluates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed nonce generation technique within the frameworks of the Schnorr digital signature and the two-round MuSig schemes. Techniques and tools employed in this research involve deterministically generating nonces by hashing the private key and subsequently hashing the result with the message. Furthermore, it is proposed to exclude the public nonce R from the challenge calculations and to allow signers to directly prove possession of their secret keys through the aggregated public key, thereby eliminating the need for non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs. The findings demonstrate significant reductions in computational complexity and operational requirements, thereby improving bandwidth efficiency and making this method well-suited for resource-constrained devices. The approach also exhibits strong resistance to various attacks, including nonce reuse, key cancellation, rogue keys, and virtual machine rewinding.
Patrones de coautoría en la investigación española y latinoamericana en la categoría “Communication” en ESCI y JCR-SSCI (2015-2021)
Authors: Segado-Boj Francisco , Antona-Jimeno Tamara , Piñeiro-Naval Valeriano
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación compara mediante un análisis sociométrico las redes de coautoría en los artículos recogidos en la categoría “Communication” en las bases de datos ESCI y JCR firmados por, al menos, un autor vinculado a instituciones españolas o latinoamericanas (N = 8963). Los resultados apuntan a una cooperación más intensa en JCR que en ESCI. En esta última la red es más fragmentada, lo que permite deducir la existencia de un mayor número de comunidades especializadas. Aunque ambas redes se definen por la centralidad destacada de España, en JCR existe un mayor peso de instituciones europeas que en ESCI, más marcada por países latinoamericanos y también anglosajones. La cooperación regional en Latinoamérica es secundaria, tanto en JCR como en ESCI. Por último, también se encuentran evidencias de una mayor colaboración interdisciplinar en JCR.
Health Professionals’ Competencies in the Framework of Complexity: Digital Training Model for Education 4.0
Authors: Fernández-Luque Antonia María , Ramirez-Montoya Maria-Soledad
Published: June 2024

Complex environments require changes in training models for health professionals to support access to knowledge for teaching and clinical research decision-making. These changes require digital competency training to successfully address knowledge acquisition and lifelong learning in the digital health ecosystem. This research aims to analyse the habits of use of information resources by healthcare professionals in professional practices and to propose a model for training in digital competence. An exploratory and explanatory research method was chosen. Data collection techniques included pre-test and post-test questionnaires for the training activities. The program designed to develop digital competency under the model proposed in this study had significant acceptance among users who valued all the contents, resources, and teachers and considered it effective. Training in digital competencies is one of the drivers of digital transformation. Teaching-learning models in virtual environments pose challenges for 21st-century libraries.
Les cercles austro-marxistes à Vienne pendant la Première République autrichienne
Authors: Ducange Jean-Numa
Published: June 2024

Le présent article tente de définir ce qui peut s’apparenter à un « cercle austro-marxiste » entre 1919 et 1934. À la différence d’autres cercles d’intellectuels réunis autour d’une figure centrale et reconnue, ceux qui relèvent de l’austro-marxisme sont plus difficiles à définir. En effet, il existe un panel très varié d’« austromarxistes », depuis les groupes militants jusqu’à l’appareil dirigeant de « Vienne la Rouge », en passant par des figures emblématiques (Otto Bauer, Karl Kautsky). Afin de déterminer leur importance respective, l’article esquisse une méthodologie pour mieux comprendre les cercles se revendiquant du marxisme dans l’Autriche de l’entre-deux-guerres.
Anatomie du Geistkreis
Authors: Lecoutre François
Published: June 2024

Le Geistkreis, créé par Hayek et Fürth dans la Vienne des années 1920, est aujourd’hui quelque peu oublié. Dans ce travail historiographique, l’objectif est d’établir le récit de ce cercle, de son commencement en 1921 jusqu’à sa dislocation en 1938 et même après lorsque ses membres ont rejoint les États-Unis. Après avoir présenté les origines et les spécificités de ce cercle, nous étudions sa composition et ses rapports avec les autres cercles. Nous nous concentrons ensuite sur les interventions faites par ses membres, avant d’évoquer l’exil de ses membres aux États-Unis et la tentative de le faire revivre outre-Atlantique.
L'insatiabilité du désir dans le « Philèbe »
Authors: Delcomminette Sylvain
Published: June 2024

Quoique implicite, le traitement platonicien du thème de l’insatiabilité du désir dans le Philèbe est profondément original. En considérant le plaisir comme l’objet immédiat du désir, et en caractérisant le plaisir comme un apeiron (c’est-à-dire un indéterminé ou un illimité), il situe l’origine de ce phénomène non dans l’essence même du désir, mais dans son objet, qui par nature lui échappera toujours. La seule manière de l’éviter sera dès lors de réorienter le désir vers un autre objet, à savoir l’intelligible, qui seul sera capable de le limiter – ce qui signifie non pas l’amoindrir, mais lui donner les moyens de trouver sa satisfaction dans son propre exercice. Le désir ainsi transformé est la philosophie elle-même, seule voie vers le bien et le bonheur selon Platon.
Application in Merging Green Practices With Digital Innovation to Create Sustainable Synergy
Authors: Annaufal Ariq Idris , Mariyana April Lia Dina , Muafi Muafi
Published: June 2024

In the contemporary landscape of rapid technological advancement and escalating environmental concerns, the imperative to harmonize digital innovation with sustainable practices has become paramount. This chapter delves into the realm of merging green practices with digital innovation to cultivate sustainable synergy, elucidating how this integration holds the potential to revolutionize industries, mitigate environmental degradation, and propel us towards a more resilient future. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and longitudinal studies, this research aims to assess the long-term impacts and effectiveness of green practices and digital innovation initiatives on sustainability outcomes. By exploring the myriad applications of merging green practices with digital innovation across various domains, from renewable energy and waste management to sustainable urban development and conservation efforts, this chapter seeks to inspire stakeholders to embrace this transformative approach and collaborate towards building a more sustainable and prosperous future.
Green Education to Promote Green Technological Skills
Authors: Asfand Yar  , Hamdan Mahani , Anshari Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The term “Green” instantly sparks green scenery of nature relating to plants, lush fields, forests, and all types of flora. This study is a requisite effort to harness green education enabled with green technological skills and concepts in the digital arena. It will cover the analysis of the necessities of green initiatives in the context of prevailing climate challenges, and eco-friendly opportunities presented with digital change, emphasize the vital role of digital literacy to meet the demands of the green skills job market, discuss the principles and methods of green education and offers proposals to integrate green skills in the curriculum, address obstacles in the integration of green education and technology with digital green innovation and recommend policy interventions and guidelines to develop green innovation education web.
Analyzing Inter-Firm Manufacturing for a Circular Economy and Green Supply Chain Management
Authors: Gopalan Balaji , Sinha Rupesh Kumar , Vinoth Kumar V.
Published: June 2024

There has been a paradigm shift in how businesses manufacture products. Inter-firm manufacturing is a relatively new paradigm. This paper examines inter-firm manufacturing and presents an analytical framework in the light of a circular economy and green supply chain management. In developed countries, industry leadership is associated with manufacturing. Industry leaders are taking measures to encourage and prioritize manufacturing and establish new economies and business ecosystems across various industry sectors. This may be in the area of Information and communication technologies, pharma industries, 3D printing, food industries, housing, energy and utilities, businesses and financial services, and media. Today, various industries are shifting towards eco-friendly and sustainable businesses that align with circular economies and green supply chain management. For that purpose, a different analysis, one that associates performance metrics with an exergy analysis of industries in alignment with a circular economy and green supply chain management is necessary.
Digital Transformation on Organizational Performance
Authors: Masri Zuraihan , Almunawar Mohammad Nabil , Anshari Muhammad , Rashid Fairul Rizal
Published: June 2024

The massive development of digital technology accelerated the pace of disruption in almost every industry, creating immense ambiguity and continuing to accelerate uncertainty in the business environment. The essentiality for an organization to adapt to rapid digital transformation led businesses to remain competitive and relevant in the industry. With the rise of the pandemic Covid 19, creating more challenges for organizations in the effort to improve digital maturity. This study focuses on digital transformation and its impact on an organization's performance while narrowing down the research to the telecommunication industry in the Brunei Darussalam context. The contribution of this study is expected to fill the gap in the literature regarding antecedents of a successful digital transformation.
Examining the Impact of Gender Differences, Sustainable Urbanism, and Digital Transformation on Online Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Johari Ahmad Huzaimi , Ahad Annie Dayani , Anshari Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a significant surge in online shopping across various contexts, influencing the buying behaviors of consumers, particularly those engaged in online and social media-based transactions. This study aims to investigate the impact of gender disparities, customer location, sustainable development goals (SDG) alignment, and digital transformation on consumers' online buying behaviors. The research adopts qualitative methods, employing online interviews to collect primary data. The findings highlight that contemporary consumers exhibit the ability to assess choices and make informed decisions. Notably, factors influencing online shopping behavior encompass influences from close social circles, predominantly family members and friends, as well as virtual social constructs like social network friends. The study emphasizes the crucial role of SDGs and digital transformation in shaping and understanding these evolving consumer behaviors.
Comparing PLS-SEM Statistical Technologies for Educating the Importance of Linearity
Authors: Kartikasari Dwi
Published: June 2024

This study aims to reveal how well two PLS-SEM statistical technologies—WarpPLS and SmartPLS—work for testing attitude theory with different types of relationships: linear and nonlinear. Non-probability sampling collects 786 internet customers from the digital marketplace. In the linear relationships between the theory of reasoned action baseline (attitudes and subjective norms) and online buying intention, SmartPLS and WarpPLS deliver similar loadings, reliability, validity, and path coefficients. WarpPLS is more effective in validating the nonlinear relationship of consumer ethnocentrism to attitudes toward imports, but SmartPLS is more comprehensive in providing robustness and advanced features. Teachers should educate students on the importance of testing linearity in the required preliminary checks. This step helps them choose the suitable software algorithm and get more accurate results and reports. This study is limited to the default parameter and standard application; future works can explore more advanced settings and complex path models.
Innovation in Smart Grids and E-Mobility Ecosystem
Authors: Mahapatra Sheila , Raj Saurav , Babu Rohit , Swetha Shekarappa G.
Published: June 2024

The prevalent grid infrastructure enabled with progressive digital technologies, interfaced with artificial intelligence and smart sensors, paving the way towards bidirectional electricity flow is a smart grid. The existing complexity of power network coupled with the integration of stochastically driven renewables and a drive towards e-mobility eventually makes the evolution towards smart grid extremely pivotal. It is inimitable that advancement in smart grids is essential to operate the power system with enhanced efficiency and cater to system security, reliability, and resiliency. E-mobility is another future-driven technology which is being emphasized across the globe for reducing carbon footprints and propelling towards a sustainable eco-system. The chapter will highlight the coordination between smart grid and e-mobility, overview of integrating renewables and development of energy storage systems, key aspects of e-mobility by applying different solutions.
Recent Trends in Wireless Charging Technologies for Electric Mobility Systems
Authors: J. Nandha Gopal , S. Muthukaruppasamy , Thomas G. Arun Sampaul , Adaikalam I Arul Doss , B. Karthikeyan
Published: June 2024

Wireless charging technologies represent a transformative leap in the realm of electric mobility, promising a paradigm shift from conventional plug-in charging methods to more convenient and efficient solutions. This chapter delves into the intricacies of wireless charging, spanning its technological foundations, current state of development, and potential implications for the future of e-mobility. The evolution of wireless charging is marked by the emergence of inductive and resonant wireless charging systems, each with its unique advantages. Inductive charging utilizes electromagnetic fields generated between the coils in the charging pad and the vehicle, allowing for efficient power transfer over short distances. On the other hand, resonant wireless charging introduces resonant magnetic fields, extending the charging range and enhancing flexibility in positioning.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Fuel Cell-Powered Electric Vehicles in India Through the PESTLE Framework
Authors: Pillai Kalidas Parameswaran , Mathew Mobi , Niyas Hakeem , Sundaram Sivasankari
Published: June 2024

With growing concerns about climate change and pollution, electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuel-powered cars. Government policies and incentives promoting sustainable transportation are driving rapid growth in India's EV market. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) represent a technological advancement within the EV sector. FCEVs use hydrogen fuel cells as their primary energy source, emitting only water vapour instead of pollutants. Before introducing new technologies like FCEVs, it is crucial to analyze their viability and impact. The PESTLE framework examines political, economic, sociocultural, technological, legal, and environmental factors affecting FCEV operations. This chapter explores the feasibility of FCEV technology in Indian cities considering political, legal, economic, environmental, technological, and sociological aspects. PESTLE analysis provides valuable insights for addressing fuel cell technology advancements and challenges in the EV industry.
Charging Station Implementation
Authors: John Sirajudeen Ameer , Palaniappan Senthilnathan , Venkatachalam Ilayaraja
Published: June 2024

The exciting process for rechargeable electric vehicles (EVs) is a multilayered undertaking impacted by many factors like Toppo or geographical site and request. The structure that ropes EV charging comprises numerous types, each custom-made for numerous applications and morals for electric vehicle basis equipment (EVSE), also mentioned as EV electrifying chargers, which differ from one country to another. This diversity is shaped by the range of current EV electrifying models and the landscapes of the local electric power grid. This chapter examines the technical and practical procedural facets of EV charging structure, accenting the need for a background dependent method to local growth and the operation of EV electrifying networks. EV electrifying infrastructure fabrication makes the EVSE, which drafts power from the occupant electricity source. Armed with a regulator system and reinforced networks, the EVSE safeguards safe charging, including counting functions such as user verification, charging approval, and protecting data confidentiality and safety.
Integrating AI and Blockchain in EV Charging
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: June 2024

This chapter investigates the creative uses and underlying difficulties of integrating blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) technology in electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. It thoroughly examines the industry's state today, highlighting AI-driven advancements like dynamic pricing, predictive maintenance, and user behaviour monitoring for better charging station operations. The chapter also examines how smart contracts and decentralised processes in blockchain provide safe and effective transactions in the EV charging infrastructure. Real-life case studies demonstrate effective deployments worldwide and provide insights into the advantages and practical problems. The conversation ends with a critical analysis of the issues, such as legislative barriers and data privacy concerns, and a look ahead, highlighting the revolutionary potential of blockchain and artificial intelligence in reshaping the landscape of sustainable mobility.
Integrating Intelligence and Trust
Authors: Dadhirao Chandrika , Sadi Ram Prasad Reddy
Published: June 2024

With an emphasis on their transformational potential in solving the issues with EV charging infrastructure, the chapter investigates the integration of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology in the electric vehicle (EV) charging industry. This emphasizes the growing electric vehicle (EV) industry and the rising need for advanced and effective charging options. The significance of AI in predictive analysis, optimizing charging schedules, demand forecasting, and intelligent energy distribution is emphasized. AI-driven solutions improve the efficiency and reliability of EV charging stations. The promise of blockchain technology is examined in terms of its ability to manage payment processes, include renewable energy sources, and provide an immutable platform for energy trade. The possibility of combining AI and blockchain is examined to create sophisticated, secure, and user-friendly EV charging systems. The chpater showcases realistic implementations and case studies of AI and blockchain in EV charging systems, offering tangible insights into their viability and efficacy.
Intelligent Battery Management System (BMS) in the E-Mobility Infrastructure
Authors: Charles Priya , Mitra Sharmishtha Satyajit , Gidde Manali , Pawar Dipti
Published: June 2024

Today's electric vehicles (EVs) are designed to replace traditional gasoline vehicles' engines, tanks, and fuel pumps with electric motors, batteries, and chargers. In other words, in this case, battery packs were used to power the vehicle instead of fossil fuels. Electric vehicles are required due to global climate change and abnormally high oil prices at the international level. Addressing these issues requires developing or improving new energy sources to replace fossil fuels: green and sustainable energy. That's why it's important to ensure your batteries are as reliable as fossil fuels. Preserving battery life and improving the performance of electric vehicles are therefore heavily influenced by the design of battery management systems. It assists the charge remaining (SOC) and health (SOH) of the cells, the management and supervision of the charge/discharge characteristics, and cell balancing. In this chapter, the authors discuss the battery management for a battery pack made from 18650 Li-ion batteries.
E-Mobility Ecosystem
Authors: Bal Sasmita , Asha Rani N. R.
Published: June 2024

Sustainable development is now more important than ever because of the escalating energy crisis and rising global temperatures. Renewable energy, sustainable energy sources, and a focus on low carbon emissions in the power system all help to promote sustainable development, but for these ideas to be effective over the long term, they must be integrated. In the process of integrating renewable energy sources into the current grid structure, these obstacles provide a new set of difficulties, including intermittency, system usage efficiency, and other issues. The remainder of this chapter discusses the many choices for switching power generation from conventional fossil fuel-powered sources to renewable energy and deals with the issue of sustainable development. The capacity and energy efficiency of the grid is increased by using renewable energy. The chapter's conclusion discusses the connections between energy, the environment, and climate change, as well as an example of how renewable energy may have a significant influence on conflict.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Cerebral Microbleeds in Community-Dwelling Adults in Urban Delhi
Authors: Jali Vidishaa , Mishra Nalini K. , Vibha Deepti , Dwivedi Sada N. , Srivastava Achal K. , Verma Vivek , Kumar Amit , Nair Pallavi , Prasad Kameshwar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Several observational studies have reported the prevalence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and their risk factors in an elderly population. Any information in this regard is currently lacking from India. Aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, risk factors of CMBs, and association with cognition in an Indian urban population aged 50 years and above.

Methods:

Household surveys were conducted as part of ongoing Longitudinal Cognition and Aging Research on Population of the National Capital Region (LoCARPoN) study in areas of urban Delhi. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 2599 participants. Using standard neuropsychological battery, mean Z-scores for each domain (memory, executive, information) were derived. Binary and stepwise logistic regression models were used to determine associated risk factors for the presence of CMB and its association with cognitive domains.

Results:

The prevalence of CMBs was 14.42% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.06–15.73). Of these, 203 (7.81%) participants had single CMBs and 172 (6.61%) had multiple microbleeds (≥2). Higher prevalence was observed in older age (60–70 years: odds ratio [OR]: 1.25 [95% CI: 0.93–1.67]; 70–80 years: OR: 2.05 [95% CI: 1.48–2.84]; ≥80 years: OR: 3.27 [95% CI: 1.97–5.44]) compared to individuals in the age group 50–60 years. History of stroke (OR: 2.97 [95% CI: 1.56–5.66]), hypertension (OR: 1.36 [95% CI: 1.05–1.75]), and smoking (OR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.11–1.85]) was associated with at least one CMB. Multiple CMBs were associated with worse scores in memory and executive domains.

Conclusion:

Older age, hypertension, history of stroke, and history of smoking emerged as important risk factors for the presence of multiple CMBs. Follow-up study is required to determine implications of CMBs.
EcoSmile: A Comprehensive Analysis of Sustainable Dental Practices Using Mixed Methodology
Authors: Saxena Vrinda , Datla Asmita , Deheriya Manish , Tiwari Nandani , Shoukath Saina , Bhargava Ankita
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Sustainability is the profound and accountable way of using the natural resources, its goal being to prevent their depletion and preserving the ecological balance. An essential prerequisite to accomplish dental practice environmentally friendly.

Materials and Methods:

The mixed method dual approach study, preliminary in level I a qualitative evaluation of green practices among dental professionals for sustainable ecofriendly dental practice. Questionnaire study performed by 24 item scale among registered dental professionals was performed. Level II Scoping research was blatantly representing via tree map the voids towards environment friendly dental care in evidence-based literature via R Studio programming in statistical graphics.

Results:

Out of 300 dentists 258 (84.7%) opine optimistically towards environmentally friendly dental practices. Majority 98.7% agree to implement green dental practices, only 58% dentists follow mandatory protocol. Only 9.0% dentists updated with latest innovative methodologies for reducing carbon footprint. Quantitative data envisage 16 articles in PubMed database, spanning 2001 to 2023. There’s a dearth of national research trends in this field. Quality research for promoting sustainable dentistry need escalation.

Conclusion:

It is inevitable to measure and mitigate the environmental foot print. By implementing 4 R of reduce, reuse, recycle and restore in dental care. Redesigning, exterior to interior, stop disposable, stringent waste management can bring revolution. Sustainable use of dental materials and equipment promoting research for health promotion is need of an hour. Green entrepreneurship in dentistry have the potential to protect ecosystem.
Mandibular Nerve and Lingual Nerve Injuries and Their Management Based on Aetiology, Time of Repair and Method of Intervention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shah Urvi , Patel Hiren , Pandya Haren , Bhavsar Bijal , Chunawala Aliasgar , Mehta Palak
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to scientifically review to determine the incidence, prevention protocols and recovery rate and reach a desirable protocol for the management of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury and lingual nerve (LN) injury using the comprehensive overview of literature during various maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Materials and Methods:

Literature was selected through a search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar electronic databases. Articles from January 2010 to March 2023 were searched. All language articles with a minimum of 6-month patient follow-up and injury analysis by a patient’s reporting, radiographic and neurosensory testing were selected.

Results:

In total, 52 literature sources were reviewed, and 21 of the most relevant articles that are suitable to the criteria were selected. The impact of lower third molar removal (especially impacted) on the LN injury and IAN injury was clearly seen.

Conclusions:

Based on the study, it was clear that most injuries were occurring during removal of mandibular third molar. Thus, cone-beam computed tomography-based pre-operative analysis is a must in such cases. The results were significantly better in the early treatment group compared to the late group. Direct nerve repair without tension gives the best surgical outcome than other methods. Autogenous nerve graft was superior amongst other grafts which were used. Further studies were required to open a new paradigm for nerve repairs.
A Comparative Study: Photogrammetry and Cephalometric Analysis for Orthodontic Treatment Planning
Authors: Parveen Miliya , Muralidhar Nitin V , Kiran Jyothi , Raghunath N
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Cephalometric analysis constitutes the benchmark for diagnosing craniofacial morphology in orthodontic practice. However, the increasing demand for aesthetic standards has clinicians questioning whether ideal cephalometric measurements are synonymous with facial aesthetics since soft tissues do not necessarily follow the underlying skeletal profile. In addition, rising concerns about radiation exposure have necessitated a non-radiographic, non-invasive and cost-effective alternative. Facial photography has been an integral part of orthodontic treatment planning but usually as an adjunct to record keeping. However, recent studies have proven the reliability of using photographs for soft-tissue analysis. It provides an easily reproducible, economical and low technique-sensitive procedure to evaluate cranial morphology, especially for epidemiologic research. The primary aim of this study is to determine if photographic analysis could be utilised with precision for orthodontic diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics, J. S. S. Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru. This study selected 100 patients aged 12–28 years who had reported to the department for orthodontic treatment. Standardised profile photographs and lateral cephalograms were obtained from the patients as part of the records required. Traditional cephalometric (angular and linear) measurements and corresponding photographic ones used for sagittal and vertical assessment were analysed to draw inferences.

Results:

The reliability of the photographic technique was proven with intraclass correlation coefficients above 0.79. A highly significant correlation (P < 0.001) was found between all parameters. N-Sn-Pog/N’-Sn-Pog’ (0.946), SN-MP/TrN’-MP” (0.844) and FMA/FMA’ showed the highest coefficients of correlation. The photographic variable that best explained the variability of its analogous cephalometric measurement was the N-SN-Pog angle (r
2 = 0.895).

Conclusion:

The photographic method has proven to be repeatable and reproducible. With a homogeneous protocol, the photographic method is a practical alternative to lateral cephalograms, especially in cases that require a non-invasive, low-cost option.
Cinnamaldehyde, A Bioactive Compound from the Leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh, Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Liu May-Lan , Wong Wei-Ting , Weng Yih-Ming , Ho Chen-Lung , Hsu Hsien-Ta , Hua Kuo-Feng , Wu Chun-Hsien , Li Lan-Hui
Published: June 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of idiopathic intestinal disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, significantly impacting the quality of life for affected individuals. The effective management of these conditions remains a persistent challenge. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a complex molecular structure, regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β. Abnormal activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in the development of IBD, making it a compelling target for therapeutic intervention. Our research revealed that cinnamaldehyde (CA), a major bioactive compound found in the leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum kaneh, demonstrated a remarkable ability to alleviate colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a mouse model. This effect was attributed to CA’s ability to downregulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the colon. In the mechanism study, we observed that CA inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, at least partially, by enhancing the autophagic response, without reducing mitochondrial damage. These findings collectively suggest that CA holds significant potential as a therapeutic agent for enhancing the management of IBD, offering a promising avenue for further research and development.
The Effect of High- and Low-power Holmium Laser Settings for Transurethral Lithotripsy in the Management of Adults with Ureteral Stone
Authors: Wang Yuhuan , Wang Jun , Sun Xiaoping
Published: June 2024

Since there is insufficient evidence to determine the best treatment of transurethral laser lithotripsy (TLL) in ureteral stones, this study compared the effectiveness and safety of TLL using high-power (HP) (100 W) and low-power (LP) (20 W) laser settings. All patients with maximally sized ureteral stones who were planned for transurethral holmium laser lithotripsy were enrolled in this open study. One of the two laser setting groups–LP or HP–was allocated to each alternate patient. Using IBM SPSS Statistics 24, the treatment groups were compared for operating time, intraoperative and postoperative problems (up to 1 year), and rates of stone-free recovery. Welch tests were employed to compare continuous data, whereas Fisher’s exact or Chi-square tests were used to assess categorical variables. At P < 0.05, statistical significance was established. A total of 207 individuals were included and preoperative data were comparable between the two groups. The HP group had a considerably greater ablation rate and a significantly shorter procedure duration (42.61 ± 11.74 min) than the LP group (78.56 ± 25.91 min) (P = 0.025). The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and International Prostate Symptom Score were considerably higher in the HP group than in the LP group. Treatment effectiveness was considerably impacted by the location of the ureteral stone, according to univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. A HP laser setting of up to 100 W greatly shortens the duration of the process for treating ureteral stones without raising the risk of problems.
The effect of hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone on duration of shock: A propensity score-weighted analysis
Authors: John Kayla E. , Kirkpatrick Megan M. , Aytoda Priyanka H. , Elefritz Jessica L. , Palettas Marilly , Rosales Brittany N. , Murphy Claire V. , Doepker Bruce A.
Published: June 2024

Background:

The 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines recommend the use of hydrocortisone in patients who remain hemodynamically unstable despite adequate fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. Fludrocortisone has been used concomitantly with hydrocortisone in some studies without a clearly defined role or known clinical benefit. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of fludrocortisone added to hydrocortisone on shock-free days for septic shock.

Methods:

A single-center, retrospective propensity score-weighted study was conducted to compare hydrocortisone versus hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for septic shock. Adults admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) from 2015 to 2020 were included in the study. All patients received ≥200 mg/day hydrocortisone for at least 24 h ± fludrocortisone initiated within 72 h of vasopressors. The primary outcome was shock-free days by day 14. The secondary outcomes included duration of shock, change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, hospital and ICU length of stay, and all-cause inhospital mortality.

Results:

A total of 228 patients met inclusion criteria with 212 patients retained after propensity score weighting. There was no difference between groups in 14-day shock-free days (6.3 vs. 6.1 days; P = 0.781). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed for the secondary outcomes of ICU/hospital length of stay, duration of shock, change in SOFA score, and all-cause inhospital mortality.

Conclusion:

The addition of fludrocortisone to hydrocortisone in septic shock did not increase shock-free days by day 14. These results suggest that the use of hydrocortisone alone may be an adequate adjunctive therapy in septic shock. A prospective randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm results.
One year experience of an emerging nosocomial pathogen Elizabethkingia meningoseptica at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India: A case series
Authors: Raj Nikhil , Ojha Vikas , Rautela Apurva , Singh Vikramjeet , Das Anupam , Sen Manodeep , Agarwal Jyotsna
Published: June 2024

Elizabethkingia spp. is a rare catalase and oxidase positive nonfermenting, Gram-negative Bacillus that has traditionally been linked to an array of illnesses in immunocompromised individuals. This case series reports seven cases of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica infections from a tertiary care teaching hospital. The subjects ranged in age from 23 to 75 years. Associated risk factors included a recent history of surgery, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, use of mechanical ventilation, and presence of an indwelling central line. All seven cases acquired infection in the intensive care unit, and the isolates were resistant to penicillin, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides and showed varied susceptibility to piperacillin–tazobactam, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones.
Accuracy of point-of-care capillary blood sugar measurements in critically ill patients: An observational study
Authors: Mishra Keshabanand , Mishra Shivanand , Katial Tanmay
Published: June 2024

Background:

Accurately monitoring blood glucose levels is vital for critically ill individuals. Point-of-care (POC) glucose meters are commonly used in local intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to assess the precision of POC glucose meter readings in critically ill individuals with specific evaluation in patients with and without shock against the reference standard of venous blood glucose measurements.

Methods:

An observational study was done on adult patients admitted in the ICU at a teaching institution. Capillary blood samples were collected from the patient’s fingertip using lancet device with aseptic measures. The sample was analyzed using the GlucoCare Sense Glucometer (RMD Mediaids Limited, Taiwan). At the same time, 2 ml of blood was drawn from the patient’s peripheral veins and analyzed by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method as reference.

Results:

POC glucose measurements averaged 140 ± 20.23 mg/dl, while laboratory values were recorded as 116.10 ± 17.13 mg/dl. The difference between the two methods was 24.34 ± 12.01 mg/dl. A strong correlation (r = 0.805) was found between capillary and laboratory blood glucose levels, indicating a significant association (P < 0.0001). Twenty-two (44%) patients were in shock during the study. The mean difference between laboratory and POC blood glucose levels was higher in patients with circulatory shock (36.82 ± 4.84 mg/dl) than those without shock (14.61 ± 4.49 mg/dl), P < 0.05.

Conclusion:

POC glucose meters may lead to underdetection of hypoglycemia in critically ill patients, as their values are higher than laboratory values. Moreover, the results showed that POC glucometers are inaccurate for monitoring glucose in hypotensive patients in shock. Standard venous glucose monitoring methods may be more appropriate for these patients.
Management of Hypertension, Obesity, Lipids, and Diabetes with Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Chakravarti Hridish Narayan , Kesavadev Jothydev , Kovil Rajiv , Sanyal Debmalya , Das Sambit , Roy Nirmalya , Kumar Dilip , Deb Binayak , Chaudhuri Soumyabrata Roy , Aneja Pankaj
Published: June 2024

Hyperglycemia is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the situation becomes worse if the condition is associated with uncontrolled hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight or obesity. Since the first glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) being approved in 2005 for type 2 diabetes, the class has successfully developed newer compounds with more pronounced effects on glycemic control and body weight; not to forget the oral peptide in a pill as well; oral semaglutide. To manage hypertension, obesity, lipids, and diabetes, it is ascertained that a holistic approach is required or the class with pleiotropic benefits to treat accompanying metabolic disturbances. Over the years, the place for GLP-1RA therapy has changed with most guidelines recommending GLP-1RA therapy in patients with established or high risk of cardiovascular disease independently of glycemia.