bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Folate deficiency induced H2A ubiquitination to lead to downregulated expression of genes involved in neural tube defects
Authors: Pei Pei , cheng Xiyue , Yu Juan , Shen Jinying , Li Xue , Wu Jianxin , Wang Shan , Zhang Ting
Published: November 2019

Background

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital malformations resulting in failure of the neural tube closure during early embryonic development. Although it is known that maternal folate deficiency increases the risk of NTDs, the mechanism remains elusive.

Results

Herein, we report that histone H2A monoubiquitination (H2AK119ub1) plays a role in neural tube closure. We found that the folate antagonist methotrexate induced H2AK119ub1 in mouse embryonic stem cells. We demonstrated that an increase in H2AK119ub1 downregulated expression of the neural tube closure-related genes Cdx2, Nes, Pax6, and Gata4 in mouse embryonic stem cells under folate deficiency conditions. We also determined that the E3 ligase Mdm2 was responsible for the methotrexate-induced increase in H2AK119ub1 and downregulation of neural tube closure-related genes. Surprisingly, we found that Mdm2 is required for MTX-induced H2A ubiquitination and is recruited to the sites of DSB, which is dependent on DNA damage signaling kinase ATM. Furthermore, folic acid supplementation restored H2AK119ub1 binding to neural tube closure-related genes. Downregulation of these genes was also observed in both brain tissue of mouse and human NTD cases, and high levels of H2AK119ub1 were found in the corresponding NTDs samples with their maternal serum folate under low levels. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between expression of the neural precursor genes and H2AK119ub1.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that folate deficiency contributes to the onset of NTDs by altering H2AK119ub1 and subsequently affecting expression of neural tube closure-related genes. This may be a potential risk factor for NTDs in response to folate deficiency.
The impact of genetic background and cell lineage on the level and pattern of gene expression in position effect variegation
Authors: Wang Sidney H. , Elgin Sarah C. R.
Published: November 2019

Background

Chromatin-based transcriptional silencing is often described as a stochastic process, largely because of the mosaic expression observed in position effect variegation (PEV), where a euchromatic reporter gene is silenced in some cells as a consequence of juxtaposition with heterochromatin. High levels of variation in PEV phenotypes are commonly observed in reporter stocks. To ascertain whether background mutations are the major contributors to this variation, we asked how much of the variation is determined by genetic variants segregating in the population, examining both the level and pattern of expression using the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster, as the model.

Results

Using selective breeding of a fourth chromosome PEV reporter line, 39C-12, we isolated two inbred lines exhibiting contrasting degrees of variegation (A1: low expression, D1: high expression). Within each inbred population, remarkable similarity is observed in the degree of variegation: 90% of the variation between the two inbred lines in the degree of silencing can be explained by genotype. Further analyses suggest that this result reflects the combined effect of multiple independenttrans-acting loci. While the initial observations are based on a PEV phenotype scored in the fly eye (hsp70-whitereporter), similar degrees of silencing were observed using abeta-galreporter scored across the whole fly. Further, the pattern of variegation becomes almost identical within each inbred line; significant pigment enrichment in the same quadrant of the eye was found for both A1 and D1 lines despite different degrees of expression.

Conclusions

The results indicate that background genetic variants play the major role in determining the variable degrees of PEV commonly observed in laboratory stocks. Interestingly, not only does the degree of variegation become consistent in inbred lines, the patterns of variegation also appear similar. Combining these observations with the spreading model for local heterochromatin formation, we propose an augmented stochastic model to describe PEV in which the genetic background drives the overall level of silencing, working with the cell lineage-specific regulatory environment to determine the on/off probability at the reporter locus in each cell. This model acknowledges cell type-specific events in the context of broader genetic impacts on heterochromatin formation.
BRM: the core ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex—a tumour suppressor or tumour-promoting factor?
Authors: Jancewicz Iga , Siedlecki Janusz A. , Sarnowski Tomasz J. , Sarnowska Elzbieta
Published: November 2019

BRM (BRAHMA) is a core, SWI2/SNF2-type ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodelling complex (CRC) involved in various important regulatory processes including development. Mutations inSMARCA2, a BRM-encoding gene as well as overexpression or epigenetic silencing were found in various human diseases including cancer. Missense mutations inSMARCA2gene were recently connected with occurrence of Nicolaides–Baraitser genetics syndrome. By contrast,SMARCA2duplication rather than mutations is characteristic for Coffin–Siris syndrome. It is believed that BRM usually acts as a tumour suppressor or a tumour susceptibility gene. However, other studies provided evidence that BRM function may differ depending on the cancer type and the disease stage, where BRM may play a role in the disease progression. The existence of alternative splicing forms ofSMARCA2gene, leading to appearance of truncated functional, loss of function or gain-of-function forms of BRM protein suggest a far more complicated mode of BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs actions. Therefore, the summary of recent knowledge regarding BRM alteration in various types of cancer and highlighting of differences and commonalities between BRM and BRG1, another SWI2/SNF2 type ATPase, will lead to better understanding of SWI/SNF CRCs function in cancer development/progression. BRM has been recently proposed as an attractive target for various anticancer therapies including the use of small molecule inhibitors, synthetic lethality induction or proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC). However, such attempts have some limitations and may lead to severe side effects given the homology of BRM ATPase domain to other ATPases, as well as due to the tissue-specific appearance of BRM- and BRG1-containing SWI/SNF CRC classes. Thus, a better insight into BRM-containing SWI/SNF CRCs function in human tissues and cancers is clearly required to provide a solid basis for establishment of new safe anticancer therapies.
Retinal thinning of inner sub-layers is associated with cortical atrophy in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease: a longitudinal multimodal in vivo study
Authors: Chiquita Samuel , Campos Elisa J. , Castelhano João , Ribeiro Mário , Sereno José , Moreira Paula I. , Castelo-Branco Miguel , Ambrósio António Francisco
Published: November 2019

Background

It has been claimed that the retina can be used as a window to study brain disorders. However, concerning Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it still remains controversial whether changes occurring in the brain and retina are associated. We aim to understand when changes start appearing in the retina and brain, how changes progress, and if they are correlated.

Methods

We carried out a unique longitudinal study, at 4, 8, 12, and 16 months of age, in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD), which mimics pathological and neurobehavioral features of AD, as we have already shown. Retinal structure and physiology were evaluated in vivo using optical coherence tomography and electroretinography. Brain visual cortex structure was evaluated in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The retinal thickness of 3×Tg-AD decreased, at all time points, except for the outer nuclear layer, where the opposite alteration was observed. Amplitudes in scotopic and photopic responses were increased throughout the study. Similarly, higher amplitude and lower phase values were observed in the photopic flicker response. No differences were found in the activity of retinal ganglion cells. Visual cortex gray matter volume was significantly reduced.

Conclusions

Our results show that this animal model shows similar neural changes in the retina and brain visual cortex, i.e., retinal and brain thinning. Moreover, since similar changes occur in the retina and brain visual cortex, these observations support the possibility of using the eye as an additional tool (noninvasive) for early AD diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring.
Pyloric stenosis as a manifestation of isolated gastric Crohn’s disease responding to intralesional steroid injection and balloon dilation: a case report
Authors: Balendran K. , Udumalagala S. , Nawaraththne N. M. M.
Published: November 2019

Background

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the gut from mouth to anus. Gastroduodenal involvement is seen in less than 5% of all patients with Crohn’s disease. Among those cases, isolated gastric Crohn’s disease is even rarer. Although most patients with isolated gastric involvement have nonspecific complaints, very few of them do develop features of pyloric obstruction. There is a paucity of data on specific management of gastric Crohn’s disease owing to its rarity and its frequent coexistence with colonic or ileal disease. We report a case of a patient who had pyloric stenosis as a manifestation of isolated gastric Crohn’s disease responding to intralesional steroid injection and balloon dilation.

Case presentation

A previously healthy woman presented with recurrent postprandial vomiting, epigastric discomfort, and unintentional weight loss over 6 months. She had no diarrhea or extraintestinal manifestations. Clinically, she was pale and dehydrated. Examination of systems was unremarkable except for mild epigastric tenderness. Her initial laboratory findings were normocytic normochromic anemia, high inflammatory markers, and hypokalemia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an inflamed pyloric mucosa with features of pyloric obstruction. Furthermore, magnetic resonance enterography confirmed the pyloric stenosis. Histopathological examination of a biopsy from the pylorus revealed noncaseating granuloma with superficial ulceration. Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis were excluded by appropriate investigations, and a diagnosis of gastric Crohn’s disease was made. Following the initial resuscitation, intralesional steroid injection and controlled radial expansion balloon dilation of the pylorus were carried out. The patient was commenced on azathioprine as a maintenance treatment, which led to a successful dilation and remarkable symptom improvement.

Conclusion

Symptoms of pyloric obstruction as a manifestation of isolated gastric Crohn’s disease are extremely unusual in clinical practice, awareness of which would facilitate early appropriate investigations and treatment.
Mapping evidence on the burden and distribution of childhood obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Danquah Frederick I. , Yeboah Matilda , Bawontuo Vitalis , Kuupiel Desmond
Published: November 2019

Background

Obesity in childhood is associated with adverse health outcomes and complications throughout the life-span of a child. Available evidence suggests a dramatic increase in childhood obesity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the past two decades. The health risks associated with obesity/overweight are particularly problematic in children due to the potential for long-term health concerns. The researchers propose to conduct a systematic scoping review to map evidence on the burden and distribution of childhood obesity in SSA.

Methods

The study will be guided by the scoping review framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive literature search will be performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and CINAHL with full text via EBSCOhost platform. Primary studies both published in peer-reviewed journals and gray literature such as unpublished studies, thesis, and studies in press addressing the research topic will be included. One reviewer will conduct title screening, and the results will be exported to Mendeley Desktop library. Two independent reviewers will perform both abstract and full article screening in parallel as well as data extraction from eligible studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be utilized to present the study findings of the proposed scoping review. NVivo version 11.0 will be used to extract the relevant outcomes from the included studies, a content thematic analysis performed, and the results reported using a narrative approach. The Mixed Method Quality Appraisal Tool Version 2018 will be used to assess the methodological quality of all included studies.

Discussion

We anticipate that the proposed study will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on childhood obesity, identify gaps in knowledge on the topic, inform future research direction, and provide evidence-based information to strengthen health systems and policies on childhood obesity towards achieving the WHO global target of halting the rise in obesity by 2025.
Dissecting cellobiose metabolic pathway and its application in biorefinery through consolidated bioprocessing in Myceliophthora thermophila
Authors: Li Jingen , Gu Shuying , Zhao Zhen , Chen Bingchen , Liu Qian , Sun Tao , Sun Wenliang , Tian Chaoguang
Published: November 2019

Background

Lignocellulosic biomass has long been recognized as a potential sustainable source for industrial applications. The costs associated with conversion of plant biomass to fermentable sugar represent a significant barrier to the production of cost-competitive biochemicals. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is considered a potential breakthrough for achieving cost-efficient production of biomass-based fuels and commodity chemicals. During the degradation of cellulose, cellobiose (major end-product of cellulase activity) is catabolized by hydrolytic and phosphorolytic pathways in cellulolytic organisms. However, the details of the two intracellular cellobiose metabolism pathways in cellulolytic fungi remain to be uncovered.

Results

Using the engineered malic acid production fungal strain JG207, we demonstrated that the hydrolytic pathway by β-glucosidase and the phosphorolytic pathway by phosphorylase are both used for intracellular cellobiose metabolism inMyceliophthora thermophila, and the yield of malic acid can benefit from the energy advantages of phosphorolytic cleavage. There were obvious differences in regulation of the two cellobiose catabolic pathways depending on whetherM. thermophilaJG207 was grown on cellobiose or Avicel. Disruption ofMtcppin strain JG207 led to decreased production of malic acid under cellobiose conditions, while expression levels of all three intracellular β-glucosidase genes were significantly up-regulated to rescue the impairment of the phosphorolytic pathway under Avicel conditions. When the flux of the hydrolytic pathway was reduced, we found that β-glucosidase encoded bybgl1was the dominant enzyme in the hydrolytic pathway and deletion ofbgl1resulted in significant enhancement of protein secretion but reduction of malate production. Combining comprehensive manipulation of both cellobiose utilization pathways and enhancement of cellobiose uptake by overexpression of a cellobiose transporter, the final strain JG412Δbgl2Δbgl3produced up to 101.2 g/L and 77.4 g/L malic acid from cellobiose and Avicel, respectively, which corresponded to respective yields of 1.35 g/g and 1.03 g/g, representing significant improvement over the starting strain JG207.

Conclusions

This is the first report of detailed investigation of intracellular cellobiose catabolism in cellulolytic fungusM. thermophila. These results provide insights that can be applied to industrial fungi for production of biofuels and biochemicals from cellobiose and cellulose.
The effects of regenerative injection therapy compared to corticosteroids for the treatment of lateral Epicondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Barnett Julie , Bernacki Madison N. , Kainer Jessica L. , Smith Hannah N. , Zaharoff Annette M. , Subramanian Sandeep K.
Published: November 2019

Background

The lateral epicondyle is a common site for chronic tendinosis (i.e. lateral epicondylitis), a condition characterized by overuse and degeneration of a tendon due to repeated microtrauma. This leads to pain and functional limitations. There is a growing interest in non-surgical forms of treatment for this condition including provision of corticosteroid injections and regenerative injection therapy (provision of autologous blood and platelet rich plasma injections).

Objective

We compared the effectiveness of corticosteroids with regenerative injection therapy for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis.

Methods

We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials published in English language from 2008 to 2018. Databases used included PEDro, Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL. Nine articles met our selection criteria. The PEDRo scale scores helped assess study quality. Cochrane risk of bias criteria helped assess bias. We analyzed results focusing on pain and function using meta-analyses.

Results

Six out of 9 studies had low risk of bias. There were no short-term (1 and 2 month) differences in pain scores between the corticosteroid and regenerative injection groups. Participants receiving regenerative injections demonstrated greater long-term improvements lasting for a period of≈2 years.

Conclusion

Regenerative injections provision results in greater long–term pain relief and improved function for people with lateral epicondylitis.
Anesthetic management of a parturient with Ebstein anomaly posted for medical termination of pregnancy
Authors: Andleeb Roshan , Kumar Rajnish
Published: November 2019

Pregnancy in Ebstein anomaly could cause acute decompensated heart failure. Therefore, medical termination of pregnancy is the next course of action in such cases. We present a case of 25-year-old primigravida with Ebstein anomaly posted for termination of pregnancy at 8 weeks of gestation. The patient had dyspnea on minimal exertion with a recent episode of upper respiratory tract infection. Caudal epidural in place of lumbar epidural or general anesthesia was chosen in view of the recent episode of respiratory infection and minimal hemodynamic changes and early recovery of motor blockade associated with the former. Pregnancy was terminated successfully with minimal intraoperative hemodynamics variation.

Hence, for minor gynecological procedure like termination of pregnancy, caudal epidural anesthesia provides an alternative option especially in cases where hemodynamic variation is least desired like decompensating congenital heart condition.
A clinical and pathological study in patients with sudden unexpected death in Epilepsy
Authors: Yu Weihua , Zhu Ying , Li Qingshu , Tian Xin , Zhang Peng , Lü Yang
Published: November 2019

Background

Sudden unexpected death of epilepsy (SUDEP) is a severe outcome of epilepsy. This study aimed to report the clinical and pathological findings in patients with SUDEP.

Methods

The record of patients with sudden death was screened. When the reason of death matched with the definition of SUDEP, the clinical and pathological data were analyzed. Eleven patients with SUDEP were included in the study.

Results

Eight patients died after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, seizures were induced by emotional changes in five patients, four cases were found dead in bed. Carbamazepine was prescribed in six patients. The autopsy showed brain edema and pulmonary edema in all eleven patients. Loss of neurons and gliosis were presented in some brains of SUDEP subjects. The main pathological changes in SUDEP include brain edema, pulmonary edema, loss of neurons and gliosis.

Conclusions

Risk factors for SUDEP in the study are generalized tonic-clonic seizure, emotional disturbance and carbamazepine treatment.
Study of role of digital breast tomosynthesis over digital mammography in the assessment of BIRADS 3 breast lesions
Authors: Ali Engy A. , Adel Lamiaa
Published: November 2019

Background

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and thus, screening has become an important health issue. Although mammography remains the standard of care for breast cancer screening and diagnosis (with biopsy), tomosynthesis (3D DBT) allows the separation of overlapping structures seen on 2D mammography and thus enables better depiction of masses or asymmetries.

Results

A prospective study for mammographic cases referred to our radiology unit included 60 lesions detected in 59 patients that were performed during the period from January 2016 to September 2017. Patients’ ages ranged from 26 to 72 years with mean age 51 ± 12 SD. Sixty percent of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) 3 lesions detected by 2D digital mammography (36/60) changed their category after 3D DBT, 40% (24/60) digital mammography noticed lesions did not change their BIRADS after 3D DBT. Twenty-nine BIRADS 3 lesions out of the 60 were downgraded to BIRADS 1and 2, while 7 BIRADS 3 lesions out of the 60 were upgraded to BIRADS 4 and 5 which were all biopsied. Six out of the 7 lesions were pathologically proven ducal carcinoma and 1 out of 7 pathologically proven to be atypical ductal hyperplasia.

Conclusion

3D DBT significantly reduced the need for additional mammographic views and frequent follow-up studies as it gave better characterization for all BIRADS 3 lesions.
Spatial distribution of starch, proteins and lipids in maize endosperm probed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy
Authors: Rivard Camille , Bakan Benedicte , Boulogne Claire , Elmorjani Khalil , Swaraj Sufal , Belkhou Rachid , Marion Didier
Published: November 2019

The main storage components of the maize endosperm are starch, proteins and lipids. Starch and proteins are
heterogeneously deposited, leading to the formation of vitreous and floury regions at the periphery and at the centre of the
endosperm. The vitreous/floury mass ratio is a key physical parameter of maize end-uses for the food, feed and non-food
sectors, as well as for the resistance of seeds to environmental aggressions. To improve maize breeding for
vitreousness, one of the main issues is to finely delineate the molecular and physicochemical mechanisms associated with
the formation of endosperm texture. In this context, we use scanning transmission X-ray microscopy at the C K-edge on
maize endosperm resin-embedded ultrathin sections. The combination of local near edge X-ray absorption fine structure
(NEXAFS) spectroscopy and high-resolution images enable us to achieve a quantitative fine description of the spatial
distribution of the main components within the endosperm.
Recent advances in understanding extremophiles
Authors: Coker James A
Published: November 2019

Despite the typical human notion that the Earth is a habitable planet, over three quarters of our planet is uninhabitable by us without assistance. The organisms that live and thrive in these “inhospitable” environments are known by the name extremophiles and are found in all Domains of Life. Despite our general lack of knowledge about them, they have already assisted humans in many ways and still have much more to give. In this review, I describe how they have adapted to live/thrive/survive in their niches, helped scientists unlock major scientific discoveries, advance the field of biotechnology, and inform us about the boundaries of Life and where we might find it in the Universe.
Establishing the cascade of care for patients with tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Imran Darma , Hill Philip C. , McKnight Jacob , van Crevel Reinout ,   Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
Published: November 2019

Meningitis is a relatively rare form of tuberculosis, but it carries a high mortality rate, reaching 50% in some settings, with higher rates among patients with HIV co-infection and those with drug-resistant disease. Most studies of tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) tend to focus on better diagnosis, drug treatment and supportive care for patients in hospital. However, there is significant variability in mortality between settings, which may be due to specific variation in the availability and quality of health care services, both prior to, during, and after hospitalization. Such variations have not been studied thoroughly, and we therefore present a theoretical framework that may help to identify where efforts should be focused in providing optimal services for TBM patients. As a first step, we propose an adjusted cascade of care for TBM and patient pathway studies that might help identify factors that account for losses and delays across the cascade. Many of the possible gaps in the TBM cascade are related to health systems factors; we have selected nine domains and provide relevant examples of systems factors for TBM for each of these domains that could be the basis for a health needs assessment to address such gaps. Finally, we suggest some immediate action that could be taken to help make improvements in services. Our theoretical framework will hopefully lead to more health system research and improved care for patients suffering from this most dangerous form of tuberculosis.
Neurocognitive and functional impairment in adult and paediatric tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Davis Angharad G. , Nightingale Sam , Springer Priscilla E. , Solomons Regan , Arenivas Ana , Wilkinson Robert J. , Anderson Suzanne T. , Chow Felicia C. ,   Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
Published: November 2019

In those who survive tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the long-term outcome is uncertain; individuals may suffer neurocognitive, functional and psychiatric impairment, which may significantly affect their ability to lead their lives as they did prior to their diagnosis of TBM. In children who survive, severe illness has occurred at a crucial timepoint in their development, which can lead to behavioural and cognitive delay. The extent and nature of this impairment is poorly understood, particularly in adults. This is in part due to a lack of observational studies in this area but also inconsistent inclusion of outcome measures which can quantify these deficits in clinical studies. This leads to a paucity of appropriate rehabilitative therapies available for these individuals and their caregivers, as well as burden at a socioeconomic level. In this review, we discuss what is known about neurocognitive impairment in TBM, draw on lessons learnt from other neurological infections and discuss currently available and emerging tools to evaluate function and cognition and their value in TBM. We make recommendations on which measures should be used at what timepoints to assess for impairment, with a view to optimising and standardising assessment of neurocognitive and functional impairment in TBM research.
Larval habitat diversity and mosquito species distribution along the coast of Kenya
Authors: Karuitha Miriam , Bargul Joel , Lutomiah Joel , Muriu Simon , Nzovu Joseph , Sang Rosemary , Mwangangi Joseph , Mbogo Charles
Published: November 2019

Background:Management of arboviruses relies heavily on vector control. Implementation and sustenance of effective control measures requires regular surveillance of mosquito occurrences, species abundance and distribution. The current study evaluated larval habitat diversity and productivity, mosquito species diversity and distribution in selected sites along the coast of Kenya.

Methods:A cross-sectional survey of mosquito breeding habitats, species diversity and distribution was conducted in urban, peri-urban and forested ecological zones in Mombasa and Kilifi counties.

Results:A total of 13,009 immature mosquitoes were collected from 17 diverse aquatic habitats along the coast of Kenya. Larval productivity differed significantly (F(16, 243)= 3.21, P < 0.0001) among the aquatic habitats, with tyre habitats recording the highest larval population.Culex pipiens(50.17%) andAedes aegypti(38.73%) were the dominant mosquito species in urban areas, whileAe. vittatus(89%) was the dominant species in forested areas.  In total, 4,735 adult mosquitoes belonging to 19 species were collected in Haller Park, Bamburi, Gede and Arabuko Sokoke forest. Urban areas supported higher densities ofAe. aegypticompared to peri-urban and forest areas, which, on the other hand, supported greater mosquito species diversity.

Conclusions:HighAe. aegyptiproduction in urban and peri-urban areas present a greater risk of arbovirus outbreaks. Targeting productive habitats ofAedes aegypti, such as discarded tyres, containers and poorly maintained drainage systems in urban areas and preventing human-vector contact in peri-urban and forested areas could have a significant impact on the prevalence of arboviruses along the coast of Kenya, forestalling the periodic outbreaks experienced in the region.
A Half-built House? The New Consumer Sales Directive Assessed as Contract Law
Authors: Lilleholt Kåre
Published: November 2019

The new Consumer Sales Directive (2019/771 EU) is a total harmonisation directive intended to make cross-border sales more attractive to sellers by ensuring that the level of consumer‑protection rules differs less among Member States. The legislation process resulted, however, in several exceptions to this approach of total harmonisation. These exceptions, coupled with the fact that the directive does not regulate the consumer’s obligations under the sales contract, means that sellers must still be prepared to grapple with considerable differences in the level of consumer protection when offering their goods to consumers in other countries than their own. The Europeanisation of contract law seems to remain a contentious arena.
Entrepreneurial Potential and Opportunities for Its Activization by Students of HR-Managers in the Educational Program of the University
Authors: Hoholeva E.
Published: November 2019

The main goal of the modern strategy of professional education is the formation of a competent specialist, competitive and ready for potential development and self-realization in society. Entrepreneurial potential is a set of diff erent abilities (updated and reserve), knowledge, skills and abilities of a person, allowing to adequately interact with the ever-changing organizational and economic environment. The article reveals the essence of entrepreneurial potential, analyzes its constituent elements, presents the structure. Ways of formation of professionally important qualities and competences for development of entrepreneurial potential of students within improvement of educational programs and educational process at University are indicated.
Depressive and anxiety disorders in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kunert Łukasz , Gawrychowski Jacek , Sobiś Jarosław , Buła Grzegorz , Pudlo Robert
Published: November 2019

Cel pracy

Celem badania była ocena częstości występowania i nasilenia zaburzeń lękowych i depresyjnych wśród pacjentów z pierwotną nadczynnością przytarczyc (PNP), ustalenie związku nasilenia zaburzeń ze stężeniami jonów wapnia i parathormonu w surowicy oraz oceny przydatności skal samooceny w przesiewowej ocenie zaburzeń depresyjnych wśród chorych z PNP.

Metoda

Badaniu przy użyciu 17-punktowej Skali Depresji Hamiltona (HAM-D), Inwentarza Samooceny Becka-II (BDI-II) oraz Szpitalnej Skali Leku i Depresji (HADS) poddano 101 pacjentów z PNP. Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 50 chorych z rozpoznaniem wola obojętnego tarczycy.

Wyniki

Analiza wyników badania przy użyciu skali HAM-D wykazała częstsze występowanie i większe nasilenie objawów depresyjnych w całej populacji pacjentów oraz wśród kobiet z PNP. Nie uwidoczniono takiej zależności wśród badanych mężczyzn.
W badaniu przy użyciu BDI-II wykazano częstsze występowanie i większe nasilenie objawów depresyjnych w całej populacji pacjentów oraz wśród kobiet z PNP. Nie uwidoczniono takiej zależności wśród badanych mężczyzn.
Badanie przy użyciu HADS nie wykazało istotnych różnic między częstością występowania objawów depresyjnych i lękowych pomiędzy grupą badaną i kontrolną w całej populacji oraz po uwzględnieniu podziału na płeć.

Wnioski

Badanie uwidoczniło związek między PNP a występowaniem zaburzeń depresyjnych. Związku takiego nie wykazano dla zaburzeń lękowych.
Nie wykazano zależności nasilenia zaburzeń depresyjnych od stężenia jonów wapnia i parathormonu w surowicy.
Wykazano istotną statystycznie niewielką ujemną korelację nasilenia zaburzeń lękowych ze stężeniem jonów wapnia w surowicy w całej badanej grupie, w grupie kobiet ponadto dodatnią korelację stężenia parathormonu w surowicy z nasileniem zaburzeń lękowych.
Badanie wykazało, że testy samooceny nie są wystarczającym narzędziem do przesiewowej diagnostyki zaburzeń depresyjnych wśród pacjentów z PNP.
Long-term psychoeducation in limiting body mass gain in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics
Authors: Pudlo Robert , Piegza Magdalena , Michalik-Marcinkowska Urszula , Więckiewicz Gniewko , Jaworska Izabela
Published: November 2019

Cel pracy

Celem pracy było oszacowanie efektywności psychoedukacji w ograniczaniu przyrostu masy ciała chorych z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii, u których włączono atypowe leki przeciwpsychotyczne w monoterapii.

Metoda

Stworzony na zlecenie firmy Moneo Pharma Group program edukacyjny „Dbamy o Zdrowie i Linię” zastosowano u chorych na schizofrenię. Założenia programu obejmowały przekazywanie informacji dotyczących stylu życia i odżywiania.

Wyniki

Roczną obserwację ukończyło 7541 pacjentów. Średni przyrost BMI (wskaźnik masy ciała) w ciągu roku wyniósł 0,56, różnica pomiędzy mężczyznami (0,52) i kobietami (0,60) była istotna statystycznie ( p < 0,001 ). Średni, roczny przyrost masy ciała wyniósł 1,63 kg, podczas gdy średnie, roczne zwiększenie obwodu brzucha wyniosło 1,25cm. Nie było statystycznie znaczących różnic pomiędzy płciami. Subiektywna ocena stosowania się do zaleceń wzrastała systematycznie z każdą wizytą, zarówno dla mężczyzn jak i kobiet. Pacjenci, którzy najlepiej stosowali się do zaleceń rzadziej doświadczali wzrostu masy ciała (p<0,001), a otyli pacjenci doświadczyli największego spadku BMI.

Wnioski

Program edukacyjny poskutkował zmniejszeniem przyrostu masy ciała otyłych pacjentów leczonych atypowymi lekami przeciwpsychotycznymi. Osoby z BMI 30 częściej niż inne uzyskały redukcję masy ciała w czasie trwania programu edukacyjnego. Jakość współpracy w czasie pierwszej i drugiej wizyty ma wartość predykcyjną dla oceny zmian masy ciała w czasie trwania programu edukacyjnego. Ta metoda edukacji jest łatwa do zastosowania w praktyce klinicznej.
We Still Have Mutual Friends
Authors: Burrier Sierra
Published: November 2019

The project We Still Have Mutual Friends is a qualitative interview study into womenâ€™s experiences with sexualviolence. Through the interview process, mostly face-to-face recorded interviews, I have evaluated multiplefacets of sexual abuse/marginalization and their consequences on survivors. In total, I interviewed thirty-twowomen about their familial background, their adolescence, and depending on their age, their life experienceswith their sexuality. Some of the facets I have focused on are the disparity between a subjectâ€™s definition andtheir experience of sexual assault. I have also evaluated their self-awareness of this disparity, and why they thinkit occurs. I tried as much as I could, to ask questions in an order/way that did not create preferential answering.Because these interviews followed a standard oral history format of open-ended questions with follow-ups basedon the intervieweeâ€™s answers, instances of leading answers were possible. Seventeen out of thirty-two womenwere white, with the next largest group being Hispanic, and then Black. With ages ranging from eighteen upto fifty-eight, several generational voices are accounted for. While there were certain trends found within typesof assault, and who it was (trends not entirely new to us), one thing I discovered is a similar background everyperson shared with their family. All the women had at some point experienced some sort of â€œbody policing.â€ Ihope this project has provided a more holistic view into the world of sexual violence that women face.
Capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde para a detecção da demência na fase leve
Authors: Mattos Emanuela Bezerra Torres , Barbosa Mariana De Castro , Mendes Rosilda
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: avaliar o processo de educação permanente na capacitação de agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) para a detecção de pessoas com demência na fase leve. Método: descritivo, comparando o desempenho dos sujeitos antes e após a oficina de aprendizagem. Após a aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, foi realizada oficina de capacitação com oito ACS de uma unidade básica de saúde, da cidade de Santos, em 2018. Antes e após a oficina foram aplicados questionários semiestruturados. Os dados foram tratados a partir da análise temática. Resultados: a falta de conhecimento sobre a demência aponta para a necessidade de investimento em educação permanente dos ACS como uma importante ferramenta a ser utilizada na detecção de casos iniciais. Conclusão: a educação permanente pode contribuir para o maior número de casos identificados nas fases iniciais da demência na atenção básica de forma que os encaminhamentos necessários e tratamentos possíveis sejam iniciados precocemente de forma a beneficiar pessoas e/ou suas famílias.
Punção venosa periférica difícil: revisão integrativa
Authors: Marinho Andressa Moreira , Sabino Fabiano Henrique Oliveira , Monteiro Damiana Aparecida Trindade , Filgueira Viviane Da Silva Alves , Azevedo Guilherme Nascimento de , Toffano Silmara Elaine Malaguti
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: identificar os fatores que dificultam a punção venosa periférica em adultos. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura, sem recorte temporal. A busca dos artigos ocorreu no mês de janeiro de 2018 nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, Web of Science e Scopus, com inclusão de 12 artigos. Foram analisados quanto ao ano, país de publicação, fatores associados e nível de evidência. Resultados: foram encontradas publicações de 2003 a 2017.  A prevalência da punção venosa periférica difícil variou entre 17% e 59,3%. Entre os fatores que dificultam a punção, os mais frequentes foram: demográficos (sexo, idade) , clínicos (comorbidades, estado nutricional, visibilidade e palpabilidade da rede venosa), do dispositivo (calibre e modelo) e a habilidade do profissional. Conclusão: a dificuldade para punção é variável de acordo com a complexidade assistencial. Fatores demográficos e clínicos, do dispositivo e a habilidade do profissional devem ser considerados.
Modelos de atenção à saúde e sua relação com a gestão de enfermagem hospitalarlar
Authors: Leal Laura Andrian , Henriques Silvia Helena , Brito Lana Jocasta de Souza , Celestino Lázaro Clarindo , Ignácio Daniela Sarreta , Silva Aline Teixeira
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: refletir sobre os modelos de atenção e suas relações com o trabalho em enfermagem hospitalar. Método: estudo reflexivo realizado em junho de 2019, a partir do aprofundamento das leituras, discussão dos dados e experiência das autoras, conduzido por duas correntes: Considerações históricas sobre o hospital e Modelo de atenção e enfermagem hospitalar. Resultados: verificou-se que o modelo tradicional de gestão ainda está arraigado à vida institucional, contudo, considerar suas limitações é essencial, fazendo-se necessária a transposição para um modelo que agregue o coletivo de trabalhadores, de modo que se sintam engajados e motivados por se considerarem corresponsáveis e fundamentais no processo de trabalho. Conclusão: é necessário a incorporação de um modelo de gestão mais participativo, com o envolvimento da equipe multiprofissional na tomada de decisão e resolução dos problemas, bem como na elaboração de propostas de melhorias.
Memes na sala de aula de língua inglesa: vivências formativas em uma educação ciberativista
Authors: Ferreira Mariana Lettieri , Pesce Lucila
Published: November 2019

O artigo relata uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório sobre uma atividade desenvolvida junto a estudantes do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental, nas aulas de língua inglesa, em uma Escola Municipal, na cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa engendra três campos conceituais: net-ativismo, empoderamento, pedagogia dos multiletramentos. Quanto aos instrumentos de produção de dados, a investigação vale-se das notas de campo da pesquisadora e dos registros de depoimentos de estudantes que participaram da atividade em análise. Os achados da pesquisa sugerem que a atividade em tela qualificou a participação dos estudantes nas práticas sociais veiculadas na esfera digital, trazendo contribuições a práticas educativas erguidas em meio aos pressupostos da educação ativista na cibercultura.
Ativismo e estratégias de visibilidade de blogs feministas no Tumblr
Authors: Carmo Quesia Silva do , Couto Edvaldo Souza
Published: November 2019

O objetivo do artigo foi identificar, descrever e analisar o ativismo e as estratégias de visibilidade utilizadas por um grupo de blogs do site de rede social Tumblr autodeclarados feministas. O artigo foca nas estratégias de visibilidade utilizadas por esses blogs, considerando essa uma rede social jovem e com constante circulação de conteúdo feminista. Utilizamos como base teórica os estudos sobre Redes Sociais na Internet e cibercultura e pressupostos da Pedagogia Crítica. O método foi o qualitativo, de cunho descritivo e analítico. Os resultados mostram que os membros do Tumblr, ao mesmo tempo que consomem os produtos da mídia de massa, também produzem críticas e denúncias através de um viés feminista que preza pela melhor representação da mulher nesses espaços.
Uma conversa sobre Learning Technology: histórias de vida e formação. Edméa Santos (UFRRJ) entrevista Ana-Paula Correia (Ohio University)
Authors: Dos Santos Edmea Oliveira
Published: November 2019

Esta entrevista é uma conversa entre duas  importantes pesquisadoras do campo da Tecnologia Educacional no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. A partir da história e carreira acadêmica da entrevistada , revela-se  uma discussão sobre o campo e a atuação do Learning Technology nos dias atuais. Temas como ética , formação em contextos de pesquisa, formação profissional na relação acadêmica emergem disparando dilemas docentes e também etnométodos.
Exploring men's attitudes to mental fitness through sportspeople's lived experience
Authors: Cooper Sarah Elizabeth , Parry Sarah , Livanou Maria , Sculthorpe Daniel
Published: November 2019

An interpretative phenomenological analysis sought to explore how male audience members experienced listening to mental health nurses alongside sportspeople who shared their lived stories of mental health problems in public through mental fitness sessions carried out by the mental health charity, State of Mind Sport. Six male participants were interviewed about their experience after attending an mental fitness session. Three superordinate themes emerged: ‘Evolving male openness about mental health’ looks at how the male audience members' perspective on being open about their mental health changed having been to the mental fitness session. Second, ‘Sportspeople's influence’ reflects upon the positive influence sportspeople's involvement in the mental fitness sessions has on male audience members. Finally, ‘The process of learning about mental health’ explores the educational impact the sessions appear to be having. The results demonstrated the mental fitness sessions had a positive impact and using sportspeople can improve mental health interventions with males and this has potential implications for mental health nursing interventions.
Uncertainty in illness among people with mental ill health: a nursing perspective
Authors: Wolfensberger Peter , Hahn Sabine , van Teijlingen Edwin , Thomas Sarah
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims:

Uncertainty in illness is a well-known concept in health care literature. A considerable volume of research has investigated how people adapt to different health conditions and how the concept of uncertainty in illness relates to those populations. The aim of this article is to explore the concept of uncertainty in illness among mental health nurses and to provide an understanding of its relevance to people living with mental ill health.

Method:

A focus group was conducted with mental health nurses at an international psychiatric nursing conference. The focus group discussion was recorded and then transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results:

Uncertainty in illness among people living with mental ill health exists and manifests itself in various ways: uncertainty in the context of loss, uncertainty as a stimulus for change, and uncertainty as an integral part of the human experience and existence.

Conclusions:

Even though contemporary approaches in mental health nursing do not directly address uncertainty, the concept and its implications need to be considered and raised further among mental health professionals in order to improve support for people living with mental ill health in their process of personal recovery.
Fiction, empathy and mental health nursing
Authors: Bladon Henry
Published: November 2019

Fiction can be a ‘powerful tool’ for understanding. This article looks at how narrative fiction can be of use to help engender empathy in mental health nurses. It examines the role of empathy within the therapeutic relationship and suggests that reading literature can not only help to developing skills but that it can be incorporated into reflective practice as part of continuing professional development. Beyond this, the skills learned through reading fiction sit well alongside the use of other forms of creative arts in recovery programmes.
The burden of periodontal disease
Authors: Butt Kasim , Butt Razia , Sharma Praveen
Published: November 2019

Periodontal disease is the most common chronic inflammatory disease seen in humans. It is a major public health concern, and in its severe form affects approximately 10.8% or 743 million people aged 15−99 worldwide. Trends such as the rise of smoking in developing countries, the obesity and diabetes epidemic, coupled with an ageing population with greater tooth retention, are all likely to increase the burden of periodontitis still further in the UK and worldwide. Consequences of periodontitis include hypermobility of teeth, tooth migration, drifting and eventual tooth loss. Tooth loss can directly affect the quality of life of a person in terms of reduced functional capacity, self-esteem and social relationships.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article reports the prevalence of periodontal disease in the UK and worldwide, along with the consequences of periodontitis. The importance of timely diagnosis to avoid litigation is discussed, as is the importance of effective management of periodontitis in order to improve patients' oral health-related quality of life.
What are the links between periodontitis and systemic disease?
Authors: Lopez-Lago Aaron , Choudhury Mahbuba Tasnima , Sharma Praveen
Published: November 2019

That the mouth and the body are not disconnected should come as no surprise. In this article, the links between periodontal and systemic health will be reviewed by investigating these in both directions, starting with the more familiar effects of systemic conditions on periodontal health and progressing to the emerging effects of periodontal health on systemic health. Where suitable, tips will be provided for practitioners caring for patients with periodontitis and systemic diseases.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: In recognition of the important role that the oral cavity plays in the body and the important role that oral healthcare providers play in the management of the general wellbeing of patients, this article highlights the link between periodontitis and systemic heath. This allows practitioners to care more holistically for their patients.