How to increase the nutritional values of forages using the regional raw materials
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Anisimova E.Yu. , Karpenko E.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Badmaeva K.E. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Ubushieva V.S. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: September 2023

Purpose. Scientific and practical substantiation of the positive impact of the developed new feed additives on the metabolism of farm animals and poultry. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out using traditional scientific methods of collecting information, processing primary material, generalization, and systematization. The analysis of biochemical, zootechnical, morphological, histological, organoleptic, functional and technological indicators was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted normative and technical documentation. Discussion. It has been proven that the use of natural sorbents and minerals (bentonites, diatomites, limestones, various fractions of bischofite), secondary raw materials and food production wastes (cake, meal, pomace) in the composition of feed for cattle makes it possible to reduce the technogenic load on the animal body (in 3-6 times), increase the level of conversion of feed nutrients (16-40%), improve metabolic processes, increase productivity (10-16%) and the level of profitability of the industry (7-14%). At the same time, animals of different breeds and directions of productivity differ in their ability to accumulate ecotoxicants. Inclusion in the diet of a vitamin-mineral complex containing betacarotene, vitamins E, C and selenium in a bioavailable form makes it possible to eliminate the stress factor that occurs during the parenteral administration of a commercial two-component analogue and achieve a more significant physiological effect on the body of lactating cows. The developed protein-mineral preparations containing bioavailable forms of iodine and selenium, feed additives based on lactulose in combination with honey extracts of highly valuable plant materials, biologically active complexes of lactulose and regional natural resources stimulate immune mechanisms, contribute to the formation of the functional properties of livestock products, which is especially important in the prevention of alimentary-dependent conditions in the population. Laying hens that consumed enriched feed used the nutrients of the diet more fully, as a result, more of them were excreted in egg products. So, protein with an egg was excreted more by 10.9-13.2%, fat – by 11.4-14.3%, calcium – by 2.3-2.7%, phosphorus – by 3.5-4.2%. In pig breeding, the results of the work performed have been tested and recommended for implementation in order to activate metabolic processes in the animal body, more complete protein digestion – by an average of 2.0%, an increase in the degree of nitrogen utilization – by an average of 6.0%, which leads to accumulation in the carcass of a higher protein content (on average by 19.2%). It has been established that the use of meat obtained from pigs grown with the use of feed antibiotics by rats leads to an increase in the functional activity of the liver, mainly due to the activation of protein metabolism, and the use of lard in the diet of rats causes an increase in the detoxification function of the liver, which leads to an increase in the activity of transaminases in the blood and tissue of the organ, a change in lipid metabolism and the appearance of fat-modified hepatocytes. The prospects for the use of regional entomoresources in feeding beef cattle are substantiated. As a result of studying the chemical composition and nutritional value of the extruded locust additive, its effect on the digestibility and use of dietary nutrients, the dynamics of morphological and biochemical blood parameters, the linear and weight gain of experimental calves, meat productivity, slaughter parameters of calves and the quality of raw meat, a economic efficiency of beef production, the expediency of further implementation of the development has been experimentally confirmed. Conclusion. Highly effective approaches have been developed to realize the genetic potential of regional breed resources by increasing the level of nutrient conversion of feed and diets.