bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensaio sobre a presença da Filosofia e poesia na canção de Noel Rosa
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Silva José Eduardo Costa
Published: October 2021

Neste ensaio reflito sobre a presença da Filosofia e da poesia na canção de Noel Rosa. Atento-me à maneira como o compositor articula esses dois modos de posicionar a linguagem diante das necessidades de expressão e reflexão humanas. No meu entender, Noel Rosa usa a poesia para tornar a Filosofia um patrimônio cotidiano, acessível às camadas populares que ele queria ver incluídas na sociedade brasileira. Desenvolvo minha argumentação tendo como referência os próprios textos das canções, articulando-os, quando necessário, às referências filosóficas que eles sugerem, dentre tantas: Sócrates, Marx, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Heidegger. O que se desvela como resultado desta reflexão é a visão de mais uma senda de profundidade no profícuo e criativo processo artístico que Noel Rosa nos deixou como um legado que permite o gozo e o aprendizado constantes.
“Uma festa de argentinos e brasileiros”: diálogos sonoros entre Pixinguinha, Francisco Canaro e a Orquestra Típica Andreoni na década de 1920
Authors:   Universidade de Aveiro, Aragão Pedro de Moura
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como foco o estudo de diálogos e trocas musicais entre Pixinguinha e músicos argentinos na década de 1920. Alinha-se com trabalhos recentes (BESSA, 2005; MENEZES BASTOS, 2005; COELHO, 2009) que têm procurado redimensionar a trajetória de Pixinguinha e seu papel na indústria fonográfica da primeira metade do século XX a partir de novos ângulos, colocando em relevo as múltiplas influências de um compositor e arranjador imerso em um sistema cosmopolita que exigia uma escuta diversificada e aberta a influências musicais estrangeiras. A primeira parte do artigo é focada na análise do tango La Brisa de Francisco Canaro, gravado pelo Grupo do Pixinguinha em 1922 e procura investigar evidências históricas que liguem os dois músicos neste período, além de realizar uma análise comparativa entre a gravação de Pixinguinha e outras gravações argentinas do mesmo ano. A segunda parte é dedicada ao estudo das relações entre Pixinguinha e a Orquestra Andreoni, orquestra que esteve no Rio de Janeiro no ano de 1928 e que realizou gravações de duas polcas e dois tangos argentinos do compositor brasileiro, além de apresentações em conjunto com a orquestra Os Batutas. Por meio destes dois estudos de caso, o artigo procura lançar novas luzes sobre gravações históricas pouco conhecidas que evidenciam processos de trânsito e de influências musicais múltiplas na carreira musical de Pixinguinha.
Criação musical e renovação escolar nas décadas de 1920, 1930 e 1940: ideias e práticas em debate na Progressive Education
Authors: Moreira Tamya de Oliveira Ramos
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo trata do tema das práticas criativas no contexto da Progressive Education Association. Para tanto, as fontes investigadas foram a revista homônima produzida pela associação, bem como outros documentos ligados ao grupo, datados das décadas de 1920, 1930 e 1940. Parto de uma reflexão sobre as fontes focalizadas e, em seguida, desenvolvo o tema de maneira a evidenciar que as práticas criativas gozavam de importância destacada tanto nas atividades de escolas experimentais quanto nos escritos em imprensa, movimentando debates e inovação pedagógica.
Potencialidades do ser humano e do fazer musical criativo: reflexões a partir do deslocamento da ênfase do saber para o pensar
Authors: Traverzim Monique , Pontes Samuel Campos de , Ferreira Tiago Teixeira
Published: October 2021

Pertencente ao campo da educação musical, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma discussão teórica a respeito de práticas criativas e toma como fundamento a concepção de deslocamento da ênfase do “saber para o pensar”, proposta por Boris Porena. O texto está dividido em três partes. A primeira considera estudos realizados com bebês para tratar da “musicalidade comunicativa”. A segunda aborda o pensamento de Porena, de maneira a explicitar os significados da proposição “do saber para o pensar” e a relação que este pensamento tem com as propostas práticas do autor. Por fim, discute-se, sob a ótica da problemática tratada, alguns aspectos do pensamento de John Paynter. Conclui-se que essas abordagens, apesar de diversas, convergem para um ponto em comum: o deslocamento da ênfase do “saber para o pensar” por meio das práticas criativas, de modo a considerar as potencialidades musicais do ser humano e seus modos de ser e estar no mundo.
Criatividades musicais em contextos socioeducativos: concepções e práticas dos professores de música da Casa Pequeno Davi
Authors: Amorim Quézia Priscila de Barros Silva , Almeida Cristiane Maria Galdino de
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma breve exposição dos processos e das práticas criativas em música observados ao longo do período de investigação empírica correspondente ao trabalho de mestrado, que objetivou a compreensão da rede de significados e valores musicais que orientam práticas educativas na Casa Pequeno Davi e suas relações na construção de uma ambiência favorável à expressão musical criativa. A pesquisa de caráter qualitativo realizou um estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico no referido campo local, compreendendo três cursos/oficinas musicais ministrados pelos professores de música da ONG, denominados P1, P2 e P3. As bases epistemológicas que sustentaram as análises dos dados coletados em campo trabalharam a conjugação entre o habitus (do músico, institucional) e as representações sociais (de música), em constantes diálogos que se estabelecem com temáticas relativas à educação musical, à criatividade e à vulnerabilidade social.
Trilhas sonoras em turmas de 1º ano do ensino fundamental: ensino-aprendizagem de música com multimídias
Authors: Alves Guilherme Giglio Barbosa
Published: October 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa-ação em quatro turmas de aulas de música do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental em uma escola no Rio de Janeiro. Tem por objetivo investigar condições teóricas e práticas para o uso de trilhas sonoras e atividades decorrentes de sua interpre- tação como um caminho complementar de ensino. A linguagem multimidiática, unindo o audiovisual a elementos está- ticos, como imagens, textos e partituras, foi utilizada como principal ferramenta pedagógica. A partir dela, foram reali- zadas criações musicais com narrativas, com sons e com imagens que demons- tram a compreensão dos estudantes acerca das relações entre expressão, comunicação, arte e diversas culturas. Como resultado, verificou-se o desen- volvimento da técnica do instrumento flauta doce, das habilidades de leitura e de escrita musical não tradicional e tra- dicional e da expressividade artística.
Explorando a partitura com o mapa conceitual: um recurso criativo para uma aprendizagem musical significativa
Authors: Bezerra Denise Maria , Fialho Francisco Antonio Pereira
Published: October 2021

No ensino tradicional de piano, a partitura é uma das principais fontes de informação na construção do conhecimento musical. Contudo, muitas das ideias contidas no texto musical podem passar despercebidas pelo estudante, em função do tipo de abordagem adotada na leitura da partitura. Neste estudo teórico, propõe-se uma forma criativa de explorar o texto musical a ser estudado, empregando o mapa conceitual como um recurso didático, a partir de uma abordagem cognitiva denominada Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa. Entendemos que a utilização do mapa conceitual: (1) enfatiza a postura ativa no aluno no processo de aprender música; (2) desenvolve a capacidade de relacionar conceitos extraídos da partitura; (3) aumenta o grau de consciência sobre os elementos contidos no texto musical; (4) estimula as práticas criativas de representação dos conceitos musicais; (5) gera vínculos positivos com o ato de ler e decodificar a partitura, formando os subsunçores. Esperamos que professores, alunos e músicos se beneficiem das amplas possibilidades de aplicação desta simples e útil ferramenta.
Musical-aesthetic education in an adolescent psychiatric ward: a case study
Authors: Hadji Nazfar
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a musical-aesthetic educational project which combined the piano piece Faschingsschwank aus Wien by Robert Schumann and improvisations of adolescent patients in a psychiatric ward. The patients explored both musical and non-musical material, such as pictures and masks. They could bring in their own ideas, not only in designing the masks and in the improvisation, but also in the development of the choreography. At the end of the project, the results were presented in a final performance. As part of the project, interviews with participants and hospital staff were conducted and qualitatively analysed. The participants clearly expressed a changed perception of themselves. These transformations can be interpreted as indicators of musical-aesthetic educational processes. This case study constitutes a contribution to music education research in hospitals and may even encourage the implementation of similar educational offers in hospitals in the future.
Rules Are Made to Be Broken, or the Menuetto of Beethoven’s Op. 2, No. 1
Authors: Burstein Poundie
Published: October 2021

A striking gesture appears at the climax of the first phrase of the Menuetto from Ludwig van Beethoven’s Sonata for Piano in F minor, Op. 2, No. 1. This motivic gesture, which may be understood as derived from manipulation of standard voice-leading procedures, has intriguing ramifications that deeply affect the structure and narrative of the entire movement. These features are explored with the aid of Schenkerian analytic procedures, and the analysis is then compared to an interpretation of this same movement by Heinrich Schenker.
Formation Mechanisms of Emotional Intelligence of a Future Psychologist in the Context of Vocational Education
Authors: Afanasenko Larysa A. , Oliinyk Oksana O. , Tkalych Marianna H. , Guba Nataliia O. , Gnevasheva Vera A.
Published: October 2021

Objective: Emotional intelligence is an indicator of a person's ability to communicate, the ability to be aware of their emotions and understand the feelings of others.

Background: The development of the emotional intelligence of junior university students occurs through various activities, especially in the process of specially organised training and education. This work aims to study the mechanisms of formation of emotional intelligence and stages of formation of emotional intelligence in psychology  students.

Method: Data analysis, synthesis and pedagogical modelling were used. Scientific works on the formation of emotional intelligence were studied.

Results: This paper presents a model of the formation of emotional intelligence in students of psychology and practical recommendations for the formation of emotional intelligence in students.

Conclusion: The results obtained in this work can be used in practice during the training of psychological and pedagogical faculties students. Also, the materials presented in this paper can be used by teachers of psychology and pedagogy.
COVID-19 and Portuguese Adults with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Albuquerque Cristina P.
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of people all over the world, including in Portugal. This study explores the impact of the pandemic on several life domains of Portuguese adults with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and their families; identifies the difficulty level in the implementation of the most common preventive measures by adults with ID; addresses the consequences of health authorities’ guidelines in the activities carried out in daycare centers for people with disabilities. A total of thirty-three daycare centers participated; they were attended by a total of 1192 adults at the time the study took place (between the 15th of September 2020 and the 15th of October 2020), and a professional belonging to the daycare center answered an online survey. The results showed that: 1) participants agreed that the pandemic had a negative impact on adults with ID and their families, although only in a percentage of them; 2) in the cases of the adults and families where that negative impact occurred, it was generalized, expressing itself in various life domains; 3) almost all of the preventive measures where considered difficult to apply by adults with ID; 4) the participants agreed that the health authorities' guidelines influenced the activities that were performed in the daycare centers, i.e., there were less activities, and the existing ones were less diversified, more sedentary and occurring indoors more often. The implications of the negative impact of the pandemic on adults with ID, their families, and the services provided have to be addressed.
Impact of Emotional-Volitional Sphere of Future Specialists of Risky Professions on Professional Training Performance
Authors: Kucherenko Nataliia S. , Bilotserkivska Yuliia O. , Zlotnikov Andriy L. , Prykhodko Dmytro P.
Published: October 2021

Objective: The professional activities of specialists of risky professions are carried out in extreme conditions, characterized by a significant number of stressful factors, which, if the professional qualities of specialists are not sufficiently developed, leads to a decrease in the efficiency of performance of official duties, professional burnout, and psychosomatic disorders.

Background: The success of the performance of service tasks is primarily influenced by the developmental level of the emotional-volitional sphere, in particular self-regulation, emotional-volitional stability, ensuring the ability to make autonomous decisions, form and determine tasks following the requirements of complex, changing situations, and therefore, achieve their goals. The article aims to analyze the emotional and volitional state of future specialists of risky professions during training.

Method: The leading research method was observation. The emotional-volitional sphere is an integral part of the system of regulating activity as a professional. During the research, the main areas of the formation of the emotional-volitional sphere were identified. With the help of psychological analysis, the important properties of future specialists in the development of the emotional-volitional sphere have been determined.

Results: The analysis results show that future specialists have an average and low level of stylistic possibilities for self-regulation (modeling, programming, autonomy). The reasons for the low progress of future specialists have been determined.

Conclusion: The practical significance of the research lies in the development of recommendations for training and the formation of the emotional-volitional sphere during educational activities.
Practice-Oriented Teaching in Preparing Future Teachers-Psychologists for Professional Activity
Authors: Manashova Gulmira N. , Shkutina Larissa A. , Mirza Natalya V. , Beisenbekova Gulmira B. , Jabayeva Gulden N.
Published: October 2021

In this article, devoted to the problem of professional training of future teachers-psychologists based on practice-oriented teaching, the research results, tested during the educational process, are presented. They are as follows: the essence of the concept "professional competence" of a teacher is specified; based on the analysis of existing approaches to the study of the structure of professional readiness, personal, intellectual-operational, motivational, communicative, and reflexive components are determined; the structural and functional model of practice-oriented teaching of future teachers-psychologists has been developed following the pedagogical features of practice-oriented teaching and the identified pedagogical conditions, which includes four interrelated blocks: the target, the methodological, the content-procedural, the learning outcome. The criteria of professional training of future teachers-psychologists on the basis of practice-oriented teaching (personal, intellectual-operational, motivational, communicative, and reflexive) and levels of readiness are defined: reproductive (low), adaptive (medium), and integrative (high). The development and consolidation of skills in students is carried out by solving specific tasks of professional activity, during which students try to explain the procedure for solving a specific professional task and check the actual material in practice. The practice-oriented content of the educational material allows bringing teaching closer to specific situations of professional activity, the chosen specialty, to form the life experience of students, thus increasing the level of knowledge and skills, cognitive interest, and, as a result, to form the level of professional competence of students.
Hommage au professeur Claude Clanet
Authors: Costa-Fernandez Elaine , Guerraoui Zohra , Reveyrand-Coulon Odile , Regnault Elisabeth
Published: October 2021

C’est avec une grande tristesse que nous avons appris le décès du professeur Claude Clanet le 22 septembre 2020 à l’âge de 85 ans. Plusieurs d’entre nous se rappellent de ce grand gaillard aux yeux bleus, qui aux côtés de Pierre Dasen, Geneviève Vermès, Jean Retschitzki et bien d’autres, a participé à la création de l’ARIC il y a 35 ans, suite au colloque international organisé par ses soins à Toulouse sur les problématiques interculturelles en psychologie et sciences de l’éducation.
TOXICITY TEST OF INDIVIDUAL AND COMBINED TOXIC EFFECTS OF GLYPHOSATE HERBICIDE AND HEAVY METALS ON CHICKEN EMBRYOS
Authors: SZABÓ Rita , CSONKA Dalma , MAJOR László , LEHEL József , BUDAI Péter
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the individual and combined toxicity of Glialka Star herbicide (glyphosate 360 g/l) and heavy metals (copper and cadmium) on the development of chicken embryos. On the first day of incubation, chicken eggs were injected by 0.1 ml of the test materials. The applied concentration of copper and cadmium sulphate was 0.01% and that of herbicide Glialka Star was 2%. The chicken embryos were examined on day 19 by the followings: rate of embryo mortality, body mass, type of developmental anomalies by macroscopic examination. The body weight was evaluated statistically by oneway ANOVA combined with Dunnett post-test, the embryo mortality and the developmental anomalies were analysed by Fisher test. Our teratogenicity study revealed that the combined administration of heavy metals (copper, cadmium) and glyphosate (K-salt) containing herbicide formulation caused significant reduction in the body weight of embryos and a significant increase in the rate of embryonic mortality and the incidence of developmental anomalies. The joint toxic effect of heavy metals and Glialka Star is an additive effect compared to the individual toxicity of the test materials.
SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES THROUGH ULTRASONIC SPRAY PYROLYSIS AND ITS APPLICATION IN PRINTED ELECTRONICS
Authors: Rudolf Rebeka , Shariq Mohammed , Veselinovic Valentina , Adamovic Tijana , Bobovnik Rajko , Kargl Rupert , Majeric Peter
Published: October 2021

This work presents a review of Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) as a technique for the synthesis of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs). The synthesis mechanism involved the preparation of the precursor solution from Au (III) Acetate and the study of the process parameters. AuNPs were characterized with different techniques, such as DLS, UV-vis and SEM-EDX analyses. In the second step, the AuNPs` ink was prepared with the following procedure: (i) Concentration of the AuNPs through Rotavapor, (ii) Filtration of the concentrated AuNPs through Amicon Ultra 15 Centrifugal Filters. Then, it was used directly for printing on an Ag plate. In the final part, we present some information about AuNPs` future applications, which could be in printed electronics with conducted patterns.
Inheritance metrics feats in unsupervised learning to classify unlabeled datasets and clusters in fault prediction
Authors: Aziz Syed Rashid , Khan Tamim Ahmed , Nadeem Aamer
Published: October 2021

Fault prediction is a necessity to deliver high-quality software. The absence of training data and mechanism to labeling a cluster faulty or fault-free is a topic of concern in software fault prediction (SFP). Inheritance is an important feature of object-oriented development, and its metrics measure the complexity, depth, and breadth of software. In this paper, we aim to experimentally validate how much inheritance metrics are helpful to classify unlabeled data sets besides conceiving a novel mechanism to label a cluster as faulty or fault-free. We have collected ten public data sets that have inheritance and C&K metrics. Then, these base datasets are further split into two datasets labeled as C&K with inheritance and the C&K dataset for evaluation. K-means clustering is applied, Euclidean formula to compute distances and then label clusters through the average mechanism. Finally, TPR, Recall, Precision, F1 measures, and ROC are computed to measure performance which showed an adequate impact of inheritance metrics in SFP specifically classifying unlabeled datasets and correct classification of instances. The experiment also reveals that the average mechanism is suitable to label clusters in SFP. The quality assurance practitioners can benefit from the utilization of metrics associated with inheritance for labeling datasets and clusters.
Modeling the current distribution suitability and future dynamics of Culicoides imicola under climate change scenarios
Authors: Gao Hongyan , Wang Long , Ma Jun , Gao Xiang , Xiao Jianhua , Wang Hongbin
Published: October 2021

Background

African horse sickness, a transboundary and non-contagious arboviral infectious disease of equids, has spread without any warning from sub-Saharan Africa towards the Southeast Asian countries in 2020. It is imperative to predict the global distribution of Culicoides imicola (C. imicola), which was the main vector of African horse sickness virus.

Methods

The occurrence records of C. imicola were mainly obtained from the published literature and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database. The maximum entropy algorithm was used to model the current distribution suitability and future dynamics of C. imicola under climate change scenarios.

Results

The modeling results showed that the currently suitable habitats for C. imicola were distributed in most of the southern part areas of America, southwestern Europe, most of Africa, the coastal areas of the Middle East, almost all regions of South Asia, southern China, a few countries in Southeast Asia, and the whole Australia. Our model also revealed the important environmental variables on the distribution of C. imicola were temperature seasonality, precipitation of coldest quarter, and mean temperature of wettest quarter. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) is an assumption of possible greenhouse gases emissions in the future. Under future climate change scenarios, the area of habitat suitability increased and decreased with time, and RCP 8.5 in the 2070s gave the worst prediction. Moreover, the habitat suitability of C. imicola will likely expand to higher latitudes. The prediction of this study is of strategic significance for vector surveillance and the prevention of vector-borne diseases.
Obesity phenotypes and their relationships with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tsai Szu-Ying , Chen Hsin-Hao , Hsu Hsin-Yin , Tsai Ming-Chieh , Hsu Le-Yin , Hwang Lee-Ching , Chien Kuo-Liong , Lin Chien-Ju , Yeh Tzu-Lin
Published: October 2021

Background

This study assessed the associations of metabolic obesity phenotypes with the risk of atrial fibrillation (Afib).

Methods

This prospective cohort study categorized Taiwanese adults according to their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status at baseline. We assigned the participants to the underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI = 18.5–23.9 kg/m2), and overweight/obesity groups (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2). Metabolically healthy was defined as absence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia and the presence of healthy metabolic profiles.

Results

In total, 5,742 adults were included. During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 148 patients developed Afib. Compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight group, the risk of Afib was significantly higher than those in the metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (hazard ratio = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [1.12–4.33]) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight groups (HR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.34–5.17]). Additionally, the point estimate suggested a 1.97-fold greater risk among the metabolically healthy overweight/obesity group, although this difference was not significant given the wide confidence interval (HR = 1.97, 95% CI [0.80–4.86]).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated the relationships of metabolic health and weight regarding the risk of Afib in Taiwanese adults. The Afib risk among metabolic and obesity phenotypes is associated with a metabolically unhealthy status. A trend toward a higher Afib risk with obesity among metabolically healthy subjects was observed. However, the result was not robust and it still suggested further study.
Influence of Organic Fertilization on the Physico-Chemical and Organoleptic Quality of Attiekes of Three Varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta C.)
Authors: Couhoulé Allou Serge , Ebah Catherine Bomoh , Gnelie Gnahoua Jean-Baptiste , Jean-François LOA Bilo Régis , Kouamé FrançoiseAkissi
Published: October 2021

Cassava occupies an important place in the food security of populations in Côte d'Ivoire. There are many products derived from cassava but«attiéké» remains the flagship product in Côte d'Ivoire. Faced with the productivity challenges, organic fertilization is increasingly used by farmers in order to sustainably increase cassava production. The perspective of our study is to assess the effects of the uncombined use of cowpea and poultry manure as organic soil fertilizers on certain physicochemical and sensory characteristics of «attiékés» of three varieties of cassava. To do this, on an experimental plot installed, cowpea fertilization was tested at planting densities of 62,500; 250,000 and 125,000 plants/ha and poultry manure at rates 5; 15 and 5 t/haon, respectively, the cassava varieties Yavo, BoCou1 and Yacé.The results obtained show that cowpea and poultry manure increased the dry matter content respectively by 3.99 and 3.53 % in the Yavo variety by 3.57 and 18.06 % in the BoCou 1 as well as by 17.43 and 17.64 % in the Yacé. For the other parameters of pH, titratable acidity, total carbohydrates and free glucose, the variations depended on the variety and the level of fertilization. The sensory attributes of attiekes from these varieties grown on fertilized soil have been accepted by consumers in terms of color, smell, taste and consistency. In addition, they were rated less good than the controls obtained without fertilizer due to color, taste and consistency, while in terms of odor, it would be the same rating.
Recent Trend of Precipitation and Crop Planning at Rajshahi Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali M. H. , Zaman M. H. , Islam M. A. , Biswas P. , Karim N. N. , Kader M. A.
Published: October 2021

The study was carried out for investigation and analysis of long-term (45 years) monthly rainfall data of Rajshahi from 1975 to 2019 for better selection of crops and agricultural technology in this region of Bangladesh. The rainfall trend was determined using parametric and non-parametric method. Probability analysis of rainfall was performed for estimation of dry, wet, and average year rainfall. The results revealed negative trend of yearly rainfall, but it is statistically insignificant. By non-parametric method, ‘no trend’ was observed for yearly rainfall. Increasing trend of monthly rainfall during March and May and decreasing trend in other months were observed. The rainfall deficit period continued from November to March, and in some instant up to April (rainfall<PET).Total deficit for dry, wet, and average year were found as 488.2 mm, 405.7mm and 426.1mm respectively. By adopting low water-demanding cropping patterns during the deficit period, the withdrawal of groundwater can be minimized.
The Magnetism from the Movement of Electron in Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Xu Wei-Xing
Published: October 2021

In this work we calculated the magnetism from the movement of electron in hydrogen atom and found that the contributions from the electron in the same main quantum levels to the magnetism of the hydrogen atom are the same; but the contributions from the electron in different main quantum levels to the magnetism of the hydrogen atom are the eigenvalue dependent instead. These facts tell us that the concepts about “intrinsic property” and “relativity effect” of electron spin should be discarded, and accordingly, the quantum mechanics should be rebuilt.
Rotavirus Genotypes in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Balarabe-Musa B. , Dabo N. T.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Nigeria had planned to introduce the rotavirus vaccine in the National Immunisation Programme in 2014, but this has yet to be done. Nigeria has the continent's highest mortality due to diarrhoeal diseases with little information on specific, prevalent genotypes.

Aim: The study's main objectives were to identify the predominant rotavirus genotypes and examine the effects of existing local vaccination programs on prevailing rotavirus genotypes and on preventing rotavirus diarrhoea.

Methodology: A one-year prospective descriptive study of children under 5 with acute diarrhoea was conducted from June 2018 to May 2019. Children with acute diarrhoea attending Asokoro District Hospital, Abuja. Children without diarrhoea were also recruited as a control group. Rotavirus ELISA and RNA extraction were done with commercially available kits, and positive samples were subjected to RT-PCR and electrophoresis to determine VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotypes.

Results: Rotavirus-ELISA was positive among 231 (17.8%) children with diarrhoea and 29 (2.2%) of controls, with November, December. The predominant VP7 genotypes was G1 (n=116, 50.2%) followed by G9 (n=66, 28.5%). Viral Protein, VP4 (P) was mostly P [8] (n=143, 74.8%) followed by P [4] (n=21, 10.9%). The predominant genotype combinations found were G1 P [8] (n=108, 46.7%), G9 P [8] (n=62, 26.8%), and G2 P [4] (n=18, 7.7%). Very few mixed infections were found in the study, 2 (0.8%). Among 94 unvaccinated children with rotavirus isolates that were genotyped, G1 P [8] (n=88, 49.4%) and G9 P [8] (n=43, 24.1%) were predominant.  Among 32 vaccinated children, G1 P [8] (n=13, 40.2%) and G9 P [8] (n=9, 28.1%) were predominant.

Conclusion: The emergence of new genotypes such as G 12 P [4] found in this study emphasize the need for continued prospective monitoring of rotavirus at the molecular level to detect new threats to vaccine programs in future.
History and Challenges Ahead for General Surgery Training in East Africa
Authors: Wismayer Richard
Published: October 2021

This review highlights the history of the commencement of training in East Africa. The challenges faced in setting up a recognised training curriculum in General Surgery are outlined. The supply of health professionals with surgical skills is disproportionate to the world burden of surgical disease. The disproportion between the burden of surgical disease and the low numbers of trained personnel is more pronounced in developing low income countries. General surgery is being left in referral hospitals with few staff as surgical subspecialisation is gaining momentum. The provision of essential general surgery management is therefore below par which is the responsibility of the General Surgeon. In order to bridge the discrepancy training of more general surgeons is required. Specialist surgeons should also be trained first as general surgeons as it will give them the ability to respond to a general surgical emergency when practising as specialists and will provide them with a good overall understanding of the needs in general surgery.
Quality of Life among Patients with Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) as Measured by the VEINES-QOL/SYM and the EuroQol-5D-5L Questionnaires, A Descriptive-Comparative Design Study
Authors: Reagan F. Cabahug, , Gina L. Montalan, , Marie P. Yape, Irma , Cristina M. Laurenciana, Maria
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the efficacy (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) of the VeinesQol/Sym with metric statements fewer than the EQ5D in detecting the quality of life of patients with Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) before and after treatment.

Methods: This is a descriptive-comparative design in collecting the necessary data to arrive at conclusions that respond to the specific questions of the study in 2 private hospitals. The responses gathered from patients through EQ5D and VeinesQol/Sym, before and after they received treatment were utilized in describing and comparing the efficacy of the health questionnaires.  Data were further subjected to a comparative analysis to elaborate the efficacy of the VeinesQol/Sym. 

Results: A total of 114 CVD patients completed the study after the exclusion of 13 patients due to failure to follow up after eight weeks of treatment. The study showed that VeinesQol/Sym and EQ5D has similar efficacy in determining quality of life of CVD patients. However, VeinesQol/Sym  has higher accuracy (84.96% vs 76.99%), higher sensitivity (87.85% vs 83.87%), detects greater level of impairment in mobility, anxiety/depression, pain and discomfort, disruptions in usual activity and lower quality of current state of health condition than EQ5D

Conclusion: With the responses to the metric statements of the indicators of quality life in both VeinesQol/Sym and EQ5D, VeinesQol/Sym was found to have a greater efficacy in establishing the accurate status of quality of life of patients with CVD than the EQ5D.
Physicochemical Potential of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Kernel Oil from Northern Cameroon for Biodiesel valorization
Authors: Kaoke Davy Fiwa , Siryabe Emmanuel , Iya-Sou Djakaou , Talla Emmanuel , Kouotou Patrick Mountapmbene
Published: October 2021

This research work reports the physicochemical potentialities of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel oil for biodiesel valorization. Balanites seed was sampling from Pitoa, Maroua and Moutourwa localities located from North Cameroon and the kernel oil was extracted using Soxhlet apparatus. The physicochemical and the free fatty acid composition of kernel oils was determined. Among the three samples, those of Pitoa shows the higher oil yield (56.6 %). All the Refractive index of these oils were ranged in ASTM and their kinematic viscosities were small compared to the EN ISO 3104 standard. The Acid values measured were all less than EN 14104 standard and the iodine values were in accordance with EN 14111 standard, whereas, the saponification value for the samples of Maroua (139.5 ± 0.07) was higher than those of Pitoa (123.6 ± 0.04) and Moutourwa (131.5 ± 0.06) and the Peroxide values measured were lower than 10 meq/Kg. Unsaturated fatty acids were higher for the sample of Maroua (78.8 %) than those of Moutourwa (76.9%) and Pitoa (77.7 %). This research work indicate that B.aegyptiaca kernel oil obtainable from North Cameroon as higher yield (50.7-56.6%). The kernel oil shows good physicochemical properties and fatty acids profile which can be valorised as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel.

Place and Duration of Study: School of Chemical Engineering and Minerals Industries - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ngaoundere – Cameroon

 work takes place between October 2020 and Jun 2021.
Assessment of Efficacy of Novel Method of Quantifying and Grading Class II Malocclusion in Vidarbha Population
Authors: Tikar Niraj Nitin , Reche Amit , Jadhav Vikrant , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Chhabra Kumar Gaurav , Dadgal Komal Vilas , Pathekar Juhi Manohar
Published: October 2021

Background: It is important to quantify class II malocclusion for proper diagnosis of the case and adjusted treatment will aid in successful correction of malocclusion. Hence, the study will aid for proper treatment planning by classifying class II malocclusion established on the amount of overjet, overbite, distance and relation of maxillary and mandibular first molar and the relationship of canine and molar.

Objectives: To grade Class II malocclusion in form of overjet and overbite.

Materials and Methods: Patients visiting Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, having class II malocclusion will be chosen. The chi square test, student's paired and unpaired t test, and descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in the statistical analysis.

Expected Results: The outcome after conduction of the study is expected to have more patients with Type 1 overjet and Type B overbite kind of Class II malocclusion.

Conclusion: The establishment of this new classification will aid in concise analysis and proper treatment planning of Class II malocclusion thereby enhancing the esthetics and functional stability for the patient comfort.
INDOOR AIR QUALITY STUDY ON COASTAL BAILEO IN WEST SERAM, MALUKU
Authors: Tedjokoesoemo Purnama Esa Dora , Thendean Felicia Jane
Published: October 2021

Thermal comfort is one of the most influencing aspects to affect comfort level in interior. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is one part of thermal comfort parametric often suggested in any building assessment for its role to affect health and comfort. IAQ is influenced by physical factors (temperature, air humidity and air velocity) and chemical factors (in the form of substances in the air). Traditional buildings in Indonesia, has long since consider IAQ in its passive design approach, one of them is in Baileo. This paper reports an investigation of IAQ in coastal Baileo in West Seram, Maluku. This quantitative research is conducted in method comparative analysis method. This paper discusses the relation between IAQ in Baileo to building formation and materials selection. The measurement done show that IAQ in coastal Baileo in West Seram has good performance on both physical and chemical factors.
Heart of a Marionette: Understanding the Nature of Child Neglect and Abuse
Authors: Soetrisno Febyanti
Published: October 2021

This creative project is an epistolary novel in form of a diary of a young girl named, Caroline Kusnadi, who is usually referred as Carol. She is a daughter of a family of four, whose parents are divorced. She writes her diary entries while trying to survive her mother’s and sister’s worsening mistreatments toward Carol even though they know Carol’s condition. In this creative work, I use child neglect and abuse my topic, and I propose to understand the nature of child maltreatments as my theme. With this, I can show the experiences of child neglect and abuse itself from the eyes of the victims. This story was created based on how Indonesia society does not pay sufficient attention and appropriate measures in protecting children’s rights. This would be shown on how Carol’s father, mother, and sister for not giving appropriate treatments for Carol who should have deserve more than she has. Keywords: child maltreatment, child neglect, child abuse, epistolary, realistic fiction, slice of life
O protagonismo da criança intersexo diante do protocolo biomédico de designação sexual
Authors: DE SOUZA ANDREA SANTANA LEONE , CANGUÇU-CAMPINHO ANA KARINA FIGUEIRA , DA SILVA MONICA NEVES AGUIAR
Published: October 2021

A intersexualidade é uma expressão biológica de corpos que se apresenta diversa da lógica biomédica, historicamente chancelada, que separa o corpo como sendo feminino e masculino. Seu tipo mais comum é a Hiperplasia Adrenal Congênita (HAC), que se expressa com “ambiguidade genitália”. A Resolução 1664/2003 e o Consenso de Chicago de 2006 determinam que a intersexualidade é o resultado de uma anomalia do desenvolvimento sexual, entendida como caso de urgência médica e social, devendo ser acompanhada por equipe multidisciplinar com a participação dos pais e responsáveis e, sempre que possível, da pessoa intersexo, para a designação sexual. O Consenso ainda determina que pacientes com HAC, 46, XX sejam designados para o sexo feminino. Assim, o artigo visa analisar e discutir o protagonismo das pessoas intersexo diante de um protocolo biomédico de designação sexual. O método de abordagem selecionado é de natureza qualitativa, cujos procedimentos são os seguintes: revisão de literatura; revisão legislativa; e entrevista semiestruturada. Adotou-se para a escolha dos entrevistados o uso da técnica de casos críticos, sendo que, dentre os indicados pelos profissionais do ambulatório de genética, foram escolhidos dois casos: um cuja identidade de gênero se alinha ao sexo que foi designado ao nascimento; e o outro cuja identidade de gênero não se alinha ao sexo designado ao nascimento. Percebe-se que esses protocolos mantêm uma lógica binária/ heteronormativa que não privilegia a participação do paciente; essa participação é mais discutida quando o paciente é menor de idade. O protocolo biomédico de designação sexual não garante o protagonismo da pessoa intersexo no momento que entende pela importância da cirurgia como melhor estratégia para a “normalização” dos corpos. Para viabilizar o protagonismo dessa pessoa, é necessário postergar a realização da cirurgia nos casos que não são indispensáveis para a saúde da criança, considerando que é um ato irreversível, porém, adiável.
Intersexualidade: desafios de gênero
Authors: Vieira Amiel , Guimarães Costa Anacely , Gomes Pires Barbara , Cortez Marina
Published: October 2021

O tema da intersexualidade não é nenhuma novidade. Sua etimologia carrega impressionante simbolismo em cada tempo histórico, apontando para algumas variabilidades terminológicas, como a longa tematização em torno do hermafroditismo. Com a emergência moderna do dispositivo da sexualidade (FOUCAULT, 2012) está mais do que reconhecido que foi produzida uma profusão de saberes e de poderes em torno do sexo com o objetivo de reconhecê-lo e regulá-lo melhor.
Analysis of Sound Pressure and Frequency Characteristics of Fire-Alarm Bells and Electronic Sirens
Authors: Kim Younghyun , Kim Boseb , Jung Jongjin
Published: October 2021

In the event of fire, how quickly occupants can hear, see, and/or smell the fire and then exit the building are important for reducing the number of potential casualties. After a person or an automatic fire-detection system detects a fire, an installed emergency alarm system is used to alert building occupants about the fire. The emergency alarm system plays an important role in alerting the occupants to the fire by emitting a high-pitched sound when the fire is initially detected. Although bells and electronic sirens can both be used in fire-alarm systems, usually only bells are used in most commercial fire alarms except for a few fire extinguishers. Recently, however, the development of circuit integration technology and subsequent competitive pricing and improved performance have fostered an environment favorable for the widespread application of electronic sirens. However, because electronic sirens that emit various sounds will likely confuse building occupants used to hearing familiar-sounding conventional fire-alarm bells, electronic sirens must be engineered to sound like conventional fire-alarm bells. Therefore, in this study, experiments were conducted to measure the specific sound pressure and frequency characteristics of commercially available fire-alarm bells and electronic sirens, and their characteristics were reviewed. In addition, the differences between the bells and sirens were analyzed to develop a plan for supplementing warning sounds of electronic sirens.
Drone-Image-Based Method of Estimating Forest-Fire Fuel Loads
Authors: Lee Sunjoo , Woo Choongshik , Kim Sungyong , Lee Youngjin , Kwon Chungeun , Seo Kyungwon
Published: October 2021

A method of estimating forest-fire fuel loads was developed using drones to collect information about the height and diameter-at-breast-height (DBH) of individual trees. It was conducted for forest fire prevention monitoring (Control, 20% thinned, and 40% thinned area) located in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do. Object-based images and 3D-model red/green/blue band characteristics were superimposed to select and extract individual trees. A digital crown height model was developed based on the difference between the heights of digital surface and terrain models. In addition, the DBH was estimated based on the crown area. The 40%-thinned area exhibited the highest accuracy (95%) for extracting individual trees, and the difference between the field-survey and drone-image heights was in the range of 0.64-2.02 m. The goodness-of-fit of the DBH-crown area model was 0.61. The difference between the imageand field-survey-based forest-fire fuel loads ranged from -1.20 to 0.40 ton/ha.
Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses in Court Trials
Authors: González‐Candelas Fernando
Published: October 2021

Molecular phylogenetics allows the reconstruction of the genealogy and evolutionary history of organisms from information in their nucleotide or amino acid sequences. When sequences are derived from very fast‐evolving organisms, such as ribonucleic acid viruses, changes accumulate in a few days or weeks, thus allowing the reconstruction of very recent evolutionary events in the history of these populations. One such is event is the transmission of one of these viruses, for instance human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus, from an infected person to another or the infection of a person from a contaminated device or material. This occasionally results in a legal demand seeking for compensation and/or punishment for the transmitter. Hence, expert testimony is sought in court in order to determine whether the viruses isolated from the source and the infected patient(s) actually share a common origin or not. Molecular phylogenetics and statistical inference methods are used to translate scientific testimony into expert evaluation of the evidence for the court.

Key Concepts

Fast‐evolving organisms, such as RNA viruses, can accumulate changes in their genome sequence in a few days or weeks.

Changes in nucleotide sequences can be used to track the evolutionary history of organisms sharing a common ancestor.

The last common ancestor (LCA) of a set of sequences represents the last sequence before the corresponding lineage splits into two or more separate lines of descent.

During a transmission event, a portion of the microorganisms in the source is passed onto the recipient(s).

Phylogenetic analysis can be used to ascertain when two or more sequences shared an LCA and some of its features.

Sequences derived from a transmission event will share a more recent LCA than those obtained from unrelated sources.

The analysis of LCA can be used to provide expert testimony in courts on the source of an infection.

Under special conditions, it is also possible to ascertain the direction of the transmission and an approximate time for it.

Phylogenetic analysis is a very powerful and reliable methodology whose use for resolving transmission cases has been validated by courts in many countries.