bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Activity in an Emerging Economy in the case of Turkey: The role of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Usul Naime , Karadeniz Esra , Özdemir Özlem
Published: September 2024

This paper seeks to study factors influencing the early stages of entrepreneurship within the context of coronavirus pandemic, specifically within an emerging country. We utilize from a unique dataset collected by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor which is the sole global research repository compiling data on entrepreneurial activities and individual entrepreneurial attributes across 50 countries worldwide. In particular, this study focuses on the GEM survey data pertaining to Turkey during the period coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic in the year 2021. The analysis is done by binary logistic regression with dependent variable being total entrepreneurship activity. Findings indicate that opportunity-driven respondents, with high-status aspirations, possessing necessary skills and acknowledging the challenges of their entrepreneurial environment, are the ones who show a higher probability of engaging in entrepreneurial activities. While these variables have been scrutinized in existing literature, our contribution lies in examining their effects within an emerging market, a relatively understudied context, particularly in the aftermath of a global pandemic. Results suggest that the individuals reporting a substantial increase in income during the pandemic, and perceiving a harder business environment to start a new venture show elevated probabilities of becoming an entrepreneur. These two are the pandemic-related variables demonstrating statistical significance, which highlights the fact that this period created its entrepreneurs, who exploit high resilience and dynamic capacity to adapt to crisis times. They experienced a significant increase in their income, capitalized on their comparative advantage in entrepreneurial skills within an environment where starting a business is not easy and took advantage of the opportunities seeking for high status using their adaptive capacity. These findings are consistent with Theories of Resilience and Dynamic Capabilities. Finally, younger respondents are more inclined to engage in entrepreneurial activity, which is consistent with the existing literature. In light of these findings, policymakers are encouraged to invest in educational programs for potential entrepreneurs to enhance their self-efficacy, given that the necessary skills for business initiation emerge as a pivotal factor for engaging in entrepreneurial activities. Moreover, creating platforms for successful entrepreneurs to share their experiences could amplify the perceived prestige associated with entrepreneurship, which may attract potential entrepreneurs.
Inspiring Entrepreneurship by Spreading New Technologies and Innovative Methods that Popularise Science and Art
Authors: Ophir Dan
Published: September 2024

In recent years a new term related to GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) has become very popular among professional society members who develop and use computing applications.  This trend has inspired entrepreneurship in education in the following aspects: Academic – in the Computer Science and Management Departments Non-academic - studies for high school pupils and for adults who wish to enrich their education. The purpose of these studies is to popularise science, technology, and art using innovative methods to make these subjects attractive. Academic entrepreneurship requires students to be innovative, namely, to create a project using their acquired professional skills.  The work, called the final project, is a part of the students’ academic requirements at universities. As a promoter of these projects, I have been giving the students proposals, suggestions, and inspiration for the subjects of their projects. The article mentions and describes a database with hundreds of recommendations for subjects for projects as well as projects completed by students who previously finished their final project. This project’s database is used as a model for the current students.  The database includes the project’s hierarchical classification along with subsections, according to their theme, innovation level, and completeness, indicating their practical or theoretical properties. The following projects are a sample demonstrating the variety of the final projects, for example: “Analysing the voiceless languages”, “Double buffer economic boiler”, and “Creating the most consensual coalition”. The second aspect of the entrepreneurship being developed is a series of lectures “The Popularisation of the Science and the Art”.  This collection of lectures includes an innovative method for preparing and presenting the lectures, connecting attractively the way in which science and art are popularised together for an audience in a wide spectrum of society.  The Power-Point presentations contain built-in programs, demonstrating dynamic and user-friendly theoretical issues that are accessible using artistic, visual, and acoustic effects, such as known clips, classical and modern paintings, sculptures, music, and other artistic creations.  Some of the subjects in this series of lectures are as follows: “Cryptology”, “Illusions”, “Architecture and Mathematics”, and “Polarisation index in the society”. The main difference between the two above entrepreneurships is that in the first case, the main innovation lies in finding the subject of each final project, whereas in the second case, the innovation relies on its implementation, namely, its multi-media and multi-disciplinary presentation.
Navigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution: Generational Differences, COVID-19 Impact, and Knowledge Sharing in the Modern Workplace
Authors: Mkhize Peter
Published: September 2024

This systematic literature review examines the intricate interplay between generational differences, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), and the unanticipated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the contemporary world of work. In response to the pandemic, organizations worldwide rapidly reevaluated their work processes, embracing digital technologies and remote work. This unforeseen shift underscored the world's capacity for rapid adaptation to unforeseen challenges. However, the 4IR extends beyond technological advancements, involving non-technological aspects such as evolving business models, workforce well-being, job security, and the changing nature of work. Understanding these dimensions is vital in shaping the modern workforce. Generational differences add another layer of complexity. Each generation, from Baby Boomers to Millennials, brings distinct worldviews and work values. This review explores how different generations perceive and adapt to the evolving nature of work, especially in the context of the 4IR. In addition, the 4IR highlights the critical role of knowledge in driving innovation and competitiveness. Knowledge-sharing practices within organizations have become pivotal in staying ahead in this era of rapid technological change. By addressing both technological and non-technological dimensions of the 4IR and considering generational perspectives, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of how these forces intersect and influence the modern workplace. It provides insights and recommendations to guide organizations, policymakers, and individuals in navigating the complexities of the modern world of work, harnessing 4IR opportunities, and addressing its multifaceted challenges.
Instagram as Part of SMM Innovation in Educational Institutions
Authors: Kubovics Michal , Čábyová Ľudmila , Galera Matúšová Jana
Published: September 2024

The use of Instagram as a social media marketing tool in educational institutions is gaining more and more attention. This article explores the relationship between school size and a school's Instagram presence, activity, and engagement. Specifically, the investigation focuses on answering the question of whether larger schools are more likely to have an Instagram account, post more frequently, and generate higher levels of interaction. The paper examines the role of Instagram in social media marketing within educational institutions, focusing on the relationship between school size and a school's presence, activity and engagement on Instagram. The research addresses three main hypotheses. Namely, that schools that have higher pupil numbers are more likely to have an Instagram account, schools with higher pupil numbers are more likely to post on Instagram, and schools with higher pupil numbers experience higher overall interaction (in the form of likes and comments) on their Instagram posts. An empirical quantitative research method was used. Statistical validation was carried out using Pearson's correlation coefficient and data from 444 schools were analysed. The results confirmed significant correlations between the number of pupils and the likelihood of having an Instagram account, frequency of posts and overall interaction. The paper further explores the effect of post frequency on follower numbers, finding a relationship that the more posts the higher the engagement, this does not necessarily lead to higher follower numbers. In addition, the study examines the link between the number of followers and the number of posts published by Reels, revealing a correlation. This suggests that a larger number of followers predicts a larger number of posts by Reels. Nevertheless, this highlights the need for a balanced content strategy.  The above findings provide important insights into effective social media marketing strategies for educational institutions. The value of this study lies in its practical implications for school administrators and marketing professionals aiming to strengthen their institution's social media presence. The study concludes by highlighting the key role of Instagram in educational marketing and offering evidence-based recommendations for optimizing social media strategies to achieve better engagement and visibility.
The Efficiency of Intellectual Capital Formation at the Scientific Institutions of Engineering and Computer Sciences
Authors: Spica Inese , Ponne Rozite Katrina , Jegere Paula , Linina Iveta
Published: September 2024

The research of the formation of intellectual capital (IC) of engineering and computer sciences (E&CSs) at scientific institutions (SIs) in Latvia in the present situation is highly topical. The object of the research is the formation of IC of E&CSs at SIs while the subject of the research is the comparative analysis of the efficiency of the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of E&CSs at SIs of Latvia. The objective of the research is to study the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of E&CSs at SIs in Latvia in the period from 2013 to 2018. The following tasks were determined to reach the objective: to study the formation of IC of E&CSs at SIs; to identify the concept of the efficiency of the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of E&CSs; to calculate main indicators thereof, and, to carry out the comparative analysis of indicators characterising the efficiency of the involvement of academic staff and students in the formation of IC of E&CSs at SIs in Latvia. Research methods used in the paper are content analysis, economic analysis, and economic experiment.
The Emergence and Transformation of the Lithium-ion Battery Industry in Shenzhen
Authors: Shen Qing , Lu Baiyu , Luo Yuankun
Published: September 2024

This paper has charted the dynamic evolution of Shenzhen's lithium-ion battery (LiB) industry through four distinctive stages, thereby elucidating the complex interplay between industrial growth, policy interventions, and technological advancements. The framework illustrated not only the vital role of resource pool at each stage of the LiB industry's evolution but also underscored how shifts in industry trends reciprocally influenced the structure of resource pool. In the first stage, the nascent LiB in Shenzhen was driven by local companies, operating on a traditional manufacturing model based on public knowledge. It benefited from the urban development advantages of Shenzhen, including its strategic location, industrial structure, and supportive government policies, setting the stage for subsequent evolution. The second stage marked the formation of a comprehensive industry chain, encompassing both upstream and downstream sectors, driven by the increasing demand for LiBs and the proliferation of consumer electronics manufacturing in Shenzhen. The expansion was not just in capacity but also in the scope, fostering a more interconnected and resilient industry ecosystem. The third stage witnessed a strategic shift from low value-added consumer electronic batteries to high value-added power batteries, propelled by national policy guidance and increased R&D investments. This shift was crucial in transitioning from conventional consumer electronics batteries to more sophisticated and lucrative energy solutions for automotive and industrial uses. The current stage, the fourth, is characterized by continuous innovation, talent development, and an emphasis on synergistic innovation between universities and enterprises. The establishment of intermediary organizations helped to promote the integration of resources and standardized division of labour within the innovation ecosystem. Throughout these stages, Shenzhen's LiB industry has navigated through varying challenges and opportunities, demonstrating remarkable adaptability and resilience. The LiB industry has continually responded to changes in the resource pool, adjusting interaction mechanisms to catalyse growth and innovation. Meanwhile, transformations in the industry have informed resource pool establishments, creating a dynamic feedback loop.
From Farm to Fork: Addressing Food Waste in Households
Authors: Hoffmann-Kuhnt Beatriz Sobral
Published: September 2024

With the rising environmental awareness, the issue of food waste is drawing considerable attention from civil society, scholars, industry practitioners and policymakers alike. Addressing food waste is crucial, as it incurs a variety of social, health, economic and environmental costs, including greenhouse gas emissions, soil degradation and the depletion of natural resources.  The objective of this study is to analyze processes in food waste management to gain insight into factors influencing  consumer behaviour, attitudes, and practices regarding consumption and food waste and loss prevention in the supply chain. This requires the analysis of decision making methods and waste reduction strategies and approaches, particularly for households. The goal is to emphasize the importance of raising consumer awareness and sense of individual responsibility, especially given the recent surge in collective community intentions to live more sustainably. However, translating these intentions into tangible actions is uncertain and filled with socio-economic complexities. Reports indicate that, households are responsible for approximately half of all food waste generated.  Therefore, it's important to review the literature on barriers and triggers related to behaviour patterns and variations in food related lifestyle dimensions, to determine the factors that might influence food handling and food waste knowledge.  Targeting households presents a promising starting point for future interventions, highlighting actions that may influence the current food consumption model to reduce the amount of food wasted. The methodological approach was structured into three steps. First, a literature review was conducted to gather insights and identify factors and interconnections between consumer behaviour and food waste. Second, related drivers and triggers were analysed. Lastly, the findings were summarized to highlight gaps and opportunities for improving attitudes towards food waste prevention.
Social Entrepreneurship in the Japanese Context Through the Lens of a Social Entrepreneur’s Experience
Authors: Inada Yuko
Published: September 2024

Social entrepreneurship (SE) demand has increased globally, highlighting the importance of understanding the activities and processes involved to enhance entrepreneurial awareness and social well-being. This study examines the experience of a social entrepreneur in Japan who manages twin parenting and transportation, aiming to clarify the development of social entrepreneurial competency. The entrepreneur’s eight-year state-up experience was shared through a book in 2022, a narrative lecture observed in November 2023, and interviews conducted in April and May 2024. These data were analyzed using Trajectory Equifinality Modeling (TEM). Throughout the creation of a bicycle for parents of twins, the entrepreneur faced conflicts with a partner during the prototype development and created a community for parents of twins through SNS and face-to-face events. The effectuation in these processes considers the essence of who you are, what you know, and whom you know. The entrepreneur focused on affordable loss, partnership creation, and maintaining flexibility despite unexpected challenges. She overcame these issues by studying social welfare at a university and business at community learning schools. Twin bicycles are a tool not only for transportation, but also for life. They are a symbol of an open-free mind given the constraints of society and are joyful in their own warm place for twin children, parents, and their communities.
The Power of Proximity: The Impact of Proximity Between Early-Stage Investors and Universities
Authors: Peters Ole , Heiduk Louisa
Published: September 2024

Early-stage investors and universities are crucial stakeholders in entrepreneurial ecosystems, yet their combined impact remains underexplored. This paper examines how the proximity between early-stage investors and universities affects the founding rate and success of affiliated startups. The analysis utilizes data from the Crunchbase 500 list for Germany. Findings indicate a positive correlation between the proximity of early-stage investors and universities with higher success rates and founding rates of affiliated startups. However, the results show varying dynamics and partial statistical significance, suggesting different implications for small versus large universities. Should these tendencies be confirmed with a more extensive dataset, the findings could have practical implications for early-stage investors and universities, tailored to their size.
Venture Studios: Beyond Entrepreneurial Support Organisations? A Case Study Analysis and Framework
Authors: Moiana Davide , Ghezzi Antonio , Rangone Andrea
Published: September 2024

We examine and discuss the rise of the Venture Studio phenomenon (also called Startup Studio), which is receiving increasing attention across the globe. Venture Studios promises to mitigate the high failure rates faced by new ventures by engaging earlier in the new venture creation process, contributing from ideation at pre-venture stage. Venture Studios generate business ideas, and then partner with external entrepreneurs to build and validate the new businesses. Despite their increasing prominence, little is known regarding the design choices, activities, and outcomes of Venture Studios, as well as how they differ from other established organisations such as incubators and accelerators. This research aims to fill this gap, by conducting an exploratory case study involving interviews with 14 Venture Studios in Italy. We introduce an I–P–O framework that provides a comprehensive set of design choices and activities that characterise Venture Studios. Findings reveal significant heterogeneity in design choices, indicating no one-size-fits-all approach. Despite this, consistency exists in their processes and entrepreneurial orientation. Second, we question the nature of Venture Studios as Entrepreneurial Support Organisations (ESOs), proposing that they represent a new category with a more active, co-founder-like role. This study also seeks to equip Venture Studio managers with a framework to understand and strategically navigate the diverse approaches within their field. Also, we offer insights to entrepreneurs, investors, and other stakeholders, enabling them to understand the functioning of this novel form of organisation.
The Re-Emergence of Food Security in the Western World: Short Supply Chains in Portuguese Territorial Contexts
Authors: Sousa Cristina , Vale Sofia , Ferreiro Maria de Fátima
Published: September 2024

In the context of growing concerns surrounding food security and sustainability, this paper examines the emergence of short food supply chains (SFSCs) as alternative food systems. Focusing on box schemes in Portugal, the study investigates the socioeconomic factors influencing the presence of SFSC actors, utilizing a quantitative approach. Drawing on data from 420 producers offering food boxes and secondary data on municipality-level variables, the analysis reveals nuanced relationships between factors such as average income, urbanization, education levels, gender composition, and the proliferation of SFSCs. Notably, the study uncovers differential patterns in the determinants of SFSC presence between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas, highlighting the significance of territorial contexts. The findings contribute empirical insights to the evolving literature on SFSCs, informing strategies for fostering resilient and equitable food systems in diverse geographic settings.
Innovative Content Production in Marketing Communication Through AI
Authors: Kubovics Michal
Published: September 2024

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into marketing communications has changed the way businesses communicate with their customers. The present paper explores the potential of AI-driven systems to automate content creation, highlighting the role of AI in increasing customer engagement and strategic decision making. AI offers significant benefits by leveraging customer data to predict their behaviour, optimize marketing strategies, and personalize content. By systematically creating and evaluating content, AI enables marketers to customize messages to specific audiences, increasing the effectiveness of campaigns. The research employs a mixed methods approach that combines qualitative and quantitative analyses to assess the potential use of AI in content marketing. The qualitative aspect involves a thorough review of existing literature, identifying key trends and relationships in the use of AI for marketing communications. On the other hand, the quantitative aspect of the study involves a process of experimental validation using Python and APIs such as OpenAI and Graph APIs to automate content creation and measure its effectiveness. The findings confirm that AI can be utilized to personalize content using the input data in the form of brand-voice, target group, and the evaluation of current communication. The iterative process allows for continuous improvement of quality and relevance of content, which is important in the dynamic environment of marketing communications. The study highlights the importance of accurately defining the target audience and brand-voice, as the effectiveness of AI depends heavily on the accuracy of the input data. However, the study also acknowledges limitations such as the potential inconsistency of the content generated through AI and the challenges associated with maintaining a coherent brand-voice. Future research should focus on developing advanced machine learning methods to better understand context and improve the alignment of content with brand values and customer expectations. In conclusion, the integration of AI into marketing communications offers a powerful tool for businesses to optimize content creation, increase customer engagement, and achieve strategic goals in an increasingly competitive digital environment. AI's ability to create, evaluate and refine content in real-time provides a significant advantage and ensures that marketing communications remain adaptive and effective.
A Literature Review: The Impact of Digital Transformation on Financial Performance
Authors: Kidschun Florian
Published: September 2024

In recent years, digital transformation (DT) has emerged as a significant driver of organizational change, promising to revolutionize business processes, enhance operational efficiency, and ultimately improve business success. This literature review examines the empirical evidence surrounding the impact of DT on financial performance (FP) across various industries and organizational contexts. The review synthesizes findings from empirical research to provide insights into the mechanisms through which DT influences key performance metrics such as profitability, revenue growth and return on investment (ROI). Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this review aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between DT and FP and to provide valuable implications for both scholars and practitioners seeking to navigate the digital landscape effectively.
An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurial Intentions of the University Students from Mountainous Region of Pakistan.
Authors: Ali Muazam , Chaudhry Mahwash Ghafoor , Hamawandy Nawzad Majeed , Salman Hazzaa D , Ali Murtaza
Published: September 2024

Pakistan is an emerging country, that needs to understand the importance of entrepreneurship, which can support its developing economy. Particularly in mountainous region, educated entrepreneurs can develop new business ventures with their innovative ideas and plans. The Hofstede National Culture and the Theory of Planned Behavior are the primary subjects of this research study. The quantitative research approached is used and the data was collected by the questionnaire from the 362 sample of university students from Gilgit-Baltistan with the probability sampling method. The data was tested empirically and analyzed with the help of PLS-SEM. The research findings show positive responses, indicating that students of Gilgit-Baltistan have positive entrepreneurial intentions. The results further revealed that the variable of attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant role in developing entrepreneurial intentions. However, the moderating variable of individualism plays an insignificant role in developing entrepreneurial intention. The main contribution of this research was the identification of the various factors which influence the entrepreneurial intention of the university students of Gilgit-Baltistan.
Collective Action and Business Competitiveness
Authors: Névoa Manuel , Brito Carlos , Carvalho João M. S.
Published: September 2024

This study aims to comprehensively review the extant literature examining the intricate relationship between collective action (CA) strategies employed within industrial contexts and the consequent impact on organizational competitiveness. Utilizing a systematic literature review methodology, this study meticulously identifies and synthesizes the challenges and solutions associated with CA. Additionally, it delineates various factors that influence business competitiveness in relation to collective action strategies. The analysis culminates in the development of a conceptual model that elucidates the dynamic interplay between collective action problems and strategies, alongside key business competitiveness factors. Furthermore, the study highlights the moderating role that governance structures can exert on this relationship. This review stands out in the literature due to its unique focus on the intersection of collective action strategies and organizational competitiveness. It addresses a gap in existing research by providing a comprehensive synthesis of these variables within the context of business environments. The study underscores the imperative for a more profound theoretical exploration of business-related collective action. It suggests a critical examination of the role that existing business associations play in enhancing or impeding the competitiveness of firms. By doing so, it offers valuable insights for practitioners and policymakers aiming to leverage collective action for competitive advantage. The comprehensive analysis offered in this review provides a robust framework for understanding the factors that drive the effectiveness of collective action strategies and their implications for business competitiveness. By identifying the challenges and solutions associated with collective action, as well as the business competitiveness factors influenced by these strategies, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the field. Additionally, the conceptual model proposed here highlights the crucial role of governance in moderating the relationship between collective action and competitiveness, offering a nuanced perspective that can inform both academic inquiry and practical implementation. Overall, this study provides a valuable foundation for future research and practice, emphasizing the importance of collective action in achieving and sustaining competitive advantage in the business world.
Effect of Economic Risk Sources on the Quality of the Business Environment in the SME Segment: A Case Study from the Slovak Republic
Authors: Cepel Martin , Cihelkova Eva , Kotaskova Anna , Brezina Ivan , Hruska Roman
Published: September 2024

The aim of the article is to define and quantify the impact of specific economic risk sources on the quality of the business environment (QBE). The subject of the analysis was the evaluation of the impact of selected economic risk sources, including the macroeconomic environment, monetary policy and interest rates, and corporate financing on the QBE. Data was collected between 2018 and 2022 using an online survey method. A total of 480 SMEs from the Slovak Republic’s business environment completed the questionnaire. Advanced statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis, were employed to evaluate the statistical hypotheses. The empirical results yielded several significant findings. All examined sources of the macroeconomic environment, such as the level of basic macroeconomic indicators, the state of the macroeconomic environment in the context of starting a business, and innovation activities of SMEs, determine the QBE. Other key factors that positively influence the quality of the business environment include: stabilization of the business environment by the central bank's monetary policy; the level of bank interest rates on the innovation activities of companies and availability of bank loans. The findings are significant not only for the SME segment itself and their owners and top managers but also for national-level institutions along with non-profit organizations assisting in improving the entire SME segment in the business environment.
Business Redemption in Recent Times: The Role of Dynamic Leadership, Digital Innovation, and Sustainable Performance in the VUCA World
Authors: Afful Charles Randy
Published: September 2024

Due to the evolution of firms from analogue structures to digital platforms, the digitalisation of SMEs has become necessary in the post-COVID era. Firms are diversifying their modulus Operandi to remain competitive in the market. This is due to the extrinsic and intrinsic factors mitigating the business environment. The growing Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous world known as VUCA in the business environment impacted by digital innovations, which entails the plague of war, and post-pandemic effects demands strategic research investigation to achieve a persistent sustainable business performance through dynamic leadership. This study harnesses a systematic review of the literature on digital innovations, dynamic leadership and sustainable performance in the VUCA world. The review utilises the SLR format reviewing articles from high-impact journals from 2018 to 2023 on ensuring sustainable business performance in VUCA, and the role of dynamic leadership. In effect, there is the need to develop strategic policies to guide businesses against unfortunate mishappening. This study seeks to explore a digitalised system with a dynamic leadership strategy to achieve sustainable firm performance. Digital managerial innovation policies and the influence of dynamic leadership will subsume sustainable business performance in the VUCA environment. The study outcome revealed that digital innovations and dynamic leadership significantly influence the current business environment in achieving sustainable performance and business continuity.
Drivers of Intrapreneurial Innovation: A Study of Individual Innovative Behaviour in Organisations
Authors: Kör Burcu , Schmeitz Lucque
Published: September 2024

Organisations can gain a competitive edge through Intrapreneurial Behaviour (IB) by swiftly innovating and adapting to market changes. Research indicates that intrapreneurship plays a crucial role in the banking sector in achieving a competitive advantage. Organisations can enhance their intrapreneurial capability by leveraging Individual Innovative Behaviour (IIB). However, innovation in the banking sector is often constrained by strict regulations, high safety requirements, and a fundamental need for trust and stability. Therefore, it is important to embrace and stimulate factors that encourage and enable innovation. To our knowledge, research on how intrapreneurship can be stimulated and measured in the Dutch banking sector is currently lacking. Thus, developing indicators and metrics for measuring intrapreneurship in Dutch banks is essential. This study investigates the factors affecting IIB using a quantitative survey. Building on the connection between IB and IIB, IIB is treated as a dimension of IB. The perceived work context, comprising an organisation's entrepreneurial orientation and innovative climate, can empower employees' IIB in the digital era. This context encourages them to generate new ideas and engage in collaborative innovation without fear of failure, thus fostering IIB. Our study explores factors driving IIB, empowering employees to act as intrapreneurs through organisations perceived Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Innovative Climate (IC), with Digital Maturity (DM) as a moderating variable. Data were collected in 2021 from the three largest Dutch banks, which hold over 43% of the market share. A snowball sampling method was used to reach Dutch bank managers knowledgeable about the study's key constructs. This method involved initial contact with human resources departments and managers within these banks. The survey was administered to 167 managers, yielding 125 usable responses (75% response rate). Results indicate that employees in the banking industry with high DM are more likely to engage in IIB when firms support EO strategies and IC, and when employees adopt self-leadership skills.
Greenwashing in the FinTech sector: the role of the EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)
Authors: Kamila Pawlak
Published: September 2024

FinTech companies, along with other financial institutions, face increasing pressure to take the lead in promoting a more environmentally sustainable future. The EU lately incorporated Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) which offers both possibilities and challenges. This study examines the most recent modifications to Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standards, identifying potential shifts that could affect FinTech firms. The problem of "greenwashing," a tactic used by businesses to misrepresent themselves as environmentally conscious, is especially concerning. Through literature analysis, this study attempts to explain terms related to greenwashing. While greenwashing instances were revealed so far within the confines of traditional banking, this study ventures beyond, including FinTech firms. FinTech companies are the focus of analysis because they are expected to play a significant role in the increased regulatory scrutiny starting in 2024. The paper addresses the opportunities and challenges that financial technology companies may face as they navigate this complex field. Relevant stakeholders looking for deep insights into the relationship between financial technology and environmental responsibility will find great value in the research's conclusions. This paper adds to an ongoing conversation on sustainability and regulation, enhancing the discussion of ethical financial activities.
Faculty Participation in Technology Commercialization: The Roles of Process, Policies and Career
Authors: McIntosh Wenlu , Neupert Kent
Published: September 2024

Technology commercialization has become an increasingly important activity for European and U.S. universities. Among the reasons for this importance have been declining government financial support for public universities, greater accountability to funding agencies, and increased expectations for commercialization revenues. Combined with recent economic uncertainty, the search for additional revenue sources has accentuated the need to better involve faculty in successful technology commercialization efforts. Thus, university administrators and technology managers face challenges in attracting, engaging, and retaining faculty participation in this effort. This paper reviews the relevant literature to understand how tenure and promotion policies can incentivize or disincentivize faculty members from pursuing technology commercialization projects. Prior research has focused primarily on the determinants of performance and benchmarking issues while faculty career path choices have been neglected. We address this gap in the literature by considering technology commercialization, faculty choice, and institutional policies in tandem. We conducted a systematic review of relevant literature on faculty involvement in technology commercialization and identified incentives and impediments for pursuing technology commercialization. Next we developed research hypotheses drawn from the literature review to assess faculty attitudes and activities, and their career development stage, based on the literature. Data collected through surveys will be used to test the hypotheses. We propose that the choice to participate in technology commercialization is a risk-payoff decision for faculty that depends on their career stage and subject matter area of work. As the faculty member becomes more secure in their position, such as tenured, the perceived risk of participation declines while the perceived reward value of incentives increase. As this perception changes due to career stage progress, we expect that faculty will be more inclined to participate in technology commercialization activities. We discuss how choices involving technology commercialization projects relate to a faculty career path and institutional technology commercialization policies, and how these policies are used to promote faculty participation in technology commercialization projects.
A Model of Legal Protection for Justice Collaborators and Whistleblowers in Corruption Crimes
Authors: Rahmat Doni , Hakim Lukman , Zulfikar Putra Prawiranegara Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This article focuses on analyzing and developing the legal protection concept for justice collaborators and whistleblowers in corruption cases. The urgency of this research lies in the fact that protection for these key figures in crime disclosure remains insufficient. The study identifies legal gaps in the current regulations concerning their protection. Employing statutory, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches, the research reveals that the existing framework for justice collaborators and whistleblowers still faces legal challenges. The findings recommend a more comprehensive protection system, not only during legal proceedings but also after the sentencing. Rewards for their cooperation could include immunity from prosecution or lighter penalties, such as probationary sentencing. The implications of this study highlight the necessity for regulatory reform to enhance legal protection for both justice collaborators and whistleblowers.
Efektivitas Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi oleh Jaksa Selaku Penyidik dan Penuntut Umum (Studi Pada Kejaksaan Negeri Kepulauan Morotai)
Authors: Andrianto David , Malik Faissal , Rumkel Nam
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of prosecutors at the Kepulauan Morotai District Attorney's Office as investigators and public prosecutors in handling corruption cases, as well as to identify the challenges faced during the process. The research employs a normative juridical-empirical method with a sociological law approach, combining secondary data from legal regulations with primary data from field observations. The findings indicate that the Kepulauan Morotai District Attorney's Office has effectively carried out its duties and authorities, as evidenced by its achievements in handling corruption cases from 2020 to 2022. However, several juridical and non-juridical obstacles hinder the resolution of cases. The study implies that further efforts are needed to address these challenges in order to enhance the performance of the District Attorney's Office in the future.
Integrasi Keterampilan Proses Sains dalam Pembelajaran Saintifik pada Materi Larutan Penyangga
Authors: Yanti Kristina Nirma , Kopon Aloysius Masan , Leba Maria Aloisia Uron
Published: September 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keterlaksanaan pembelajaran saintifik, keterampilan proses sains, hasil belajar dan respon siswa pada pembelajaran larutan penyangga siswa kelas XI IPA SMAK Sint Carolus Kupang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui observasi, tes dan angket. Berdasarkan analisis diperoleh keterlaksanaan pembelajaran yang menerapkan pendekatan saintifik kelas XI IPA SMAK Sint Carolus Kupang dikategorikan baik dengan rata-rata 3,76 dengan reliabilitasnya 98%. Keterampilan proses sains siswa dalam pembelajaran yang menerapkan pendekatan saintifik pada materi Larutan Penyangga tergolong dalam kategori sangat baik dengan persentase 82%. Hasil belajar siswa kelas XI IPA SMAK Sint  Carolus Kupang pada materi Larutan Penyangga dalam pembelajaran yang menerapkan pendekatan saintifik dinyatakan tuntas dengan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar sebesar 88. Respon siswa kelas XI IPA SMAK Sint Carolus Kupang dalam pembelajaran saintifik tergolong dalam kategori baik dengan persentase 77%.
Implementasi Pendekatan Saintifik untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar pada Materi Kesetimbangan Kimia
Authors: Tomo Selfiana Fotiarti , Uron Leba Maria Aloisia , Tinenti Yanti Rosinda
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan guru dan hasil belajar siswa dalam implementasikan pendekatan saintifik pada materi kesetimbangan kimia kelas XI IPA SMAS Katolik St. Markus Pateng. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui observasi dan tes. Berdasarkan analisis data dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa kemampuan guru dalam mengelola pembelajaran yang mengimplementasikan pendekatan saintifik pada materi kesetimbangan kimia kelas XI IPA SMAS Katolik St. Markus Pateng dikategorikan dalam kriteria baik dengan perolehan rata-rata sebesar 3,79 dengan reliabilitasnya 95%. Hasil belajar peserta didik setelah mengimplementasikan pendekatan saintifik pada materi kesetimbangan kimia adalah dinyatakan tuntas karena nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh ≥ nilai KKM, yang dimana nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh adalah 85 dan KKM nya 75. Hasil belajar peserta didik aspek pengetahuan dalam pembelajaran dengan mengimplementasikan pendekatan saintifik dinyatakan meningkat yang dilihat dari N-gain rata-rata adalah 0,68 dengan kriteria peningkatan sedang.
Uji Stabilitas Polymer Inclusion Membrane dari Polimer Pendukung PVC, Ekstraktan D2EHPA, dan Plasticizer Asam Oleat pada Kondisi Asam
Authors: Rensini William Antoni , Kadang Luther , Lapailaka Titus , Naat Johnson Nune , Pingak Redi Kristian , Kapitan Origenes Boy , Nitti Fidelis
Published: September 2024

Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) merupakan membran cair generasi terbaru untuk pemisahan berbagai jenis komponen kimia organik dan anorganik. Stabilitas PIM merupakan faktor yang sangat penting untuk efektivitas pemisahan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menyelidiki kestabilan PIM yang dibuat dari PVC sebagai polimer pendukung, D2EHPA sebagai ekstraktan, dan asam oleat (AO) sebagai plasticizer dalam HCl 2,5 M. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi PIM optimum adalah 50% PVC, 40% D2EHPA, dan 10% AO yang menunjukkan karakteristik fisik yang ideal seperti tipis, transparan, fleksibel dengan permukaan yang tidak berminyak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan berat PIM yang direndam dalam HCl 2,5 M lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penurunan berat PIM yang direndam dalam air selama 7 hari. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa PIM lebih stabil dalam kondisi asam dibandingkan dalam air (netral). Perbandingan karakteristik kimia PIM sebelum dan setelah uji stabilitas menunjukkan PIM yang direndam dalam air mengalami kehilangan fase cair selama proses uji stabilitas. Perbedaan ini terkonfirmasi melalui perbedaan karakteristik fisika PIM sebelum dan sesudah uji stabilitas. Secara keseluruhan, PIM dengan komposisi optimum 50% PVC, 40% D2EHPA, dan 10% AO disarankan untuk digunakan dalam pemisahan pada kondisi asam untuk mempertahankan stabilitas dan efisiensi pemisahannya.
Sintesis Kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]X dari [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]BF4 dengan X= PF6- dan B(C6H5)4-
Authors: Apolonia Maria Novansia , Onggo Djulia , Nay Dorthea Maria Woga , Boikh Mesakh T.W. , More Evanisia T.W.
Published: September 2024

Senyawa spin crossover merupakan senyawa unik yang menjadi pusat perhatian untuk diteliti beberapa tahun terakhir.  Sifat peralihan menjadikan senyawa tersebut digunakan untuk aplikasi praktis dalam sensor termal dan tekanan serta perangkat optik. Pada penelitian ini, kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]BF4, [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]PF6 dan [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]B(C6H5) telah berhasil disintesis. Kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)] BF4 berwarna ungu pada suhu kamar menunjukkan keadaan spin rendah (diamagnetik), bila dipanaskan kompleks ini berubah menjadi warna putih (paramagnetik). Kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]PF6 dan [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]B(C6H5)4 masing-masing disintesis dengan menambahkan garam alkali KPF6 dan NaB(C6H5)4 berlebih ke Fe(BF4)2.6H2O dan Htrz sebelum terbentuknya endapan, sehingga anion PF6- dan B(C6H5)4- dapat mendorong BF4- keluar dari kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]BF4. Kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]B(C6H5)4 berwarna ungu (diamagnetik) pada suhu kamar dan bila dipanaskan hingga suhu lebih dari 100 °C berubah menjadi putih (paramagnetik). Sedangkan kompleks [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]PF6 berwarna putih (paramagnetik) pada suhu kamar, ketika didinginkan hingga di bawah suhu nol derajat kompleks ini berubah warna menjadi ungu (diamagnetik). Data karakterisasi EDS mendukung hasil percobaan dimana anion PF6- dan B(C6H5)4- berhasil menggantikan anion BF4- sehingga sesuai rumus kimia kompleksnya adalah [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)]PF6 dan [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](C6H5)4.
Bioethanol Production from Presto Pretreatment of Sorghum Stem by Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation Technique and Purification Using Ende Natural Zeolites
Authors: Jasman Jasman , Sarifudin Kasimir
Published: September 2024

One form of new renewable energy source with promising prospects in dry climate areas is bioethanol produced from sweet sorghum. In this research, bioethanol was produced from sweet sorghum stem pulp, which had been treated by boiling in a pressure cooker (presto) for varying times. The fermentation technique used is Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation (SSCF) using a mixed culture of Trichoderma reesei-Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Next, the bioethanol is purified using adsorbent made from Ende natural zeolite. The results showed that press-cooked sweet sorghum stalk pulp produced less ethanol than non-press-cooked sorghum pulp. The longer the pressure treatment time, the less ethanol produced. Throughout the three adsorption stages, the physically activated-Zeolite (only calcined at 600 °C for 3 h) increased the ethanol concentration from 94% to 99%. Zeolites activated with acid (HCl) can increase the ethanol concentration from 94% to 96%, while those activated with bases (NaOH 4M) can increase the ethanol concentration from 94% to 95.5%.