bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aβ42 oligomer-specific antibody ALZ-201 reduces the neurotoxicity of Alzheimer’s disease brain extracts
Authors: Sandberg Anders , Berenjeno-Correa Ernesto , Rodriguez Rosa Crespo , Axenhus Michael , Weiss Sophia Schedin , Batenburg Kevin , Hoozemans Jeroen J. M. , Tjernberg Lars O. , Scheper Wiep
Published: December 2022

Background

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyloid-β 1–42 (Aβ42) neurotoxicity stems mostly from its soluble oligomeric aggregates. Studies of such aggregates have been hampered by the lack of oligomer-specific research tools and their intrinsic instability and heterogeneity. Here, we developed a monoclonal antibody with a unique oligomer-specific binding profile (ALZ-201) using oligomer-stabilising technology. Subsequently, we assessed the etiological relevance of the Aβ targeted by ALZ-201 on physiologically derived, toxic Aβ using extracts from post-mortem brains of AD patients and controls in primary mouse neuron cultures.

Methods

Mice were immunised with stable oligomers derived from the Aβ42 peptide with A21C/A30C mutations (AβCC), and ALZ-201 was developed using hybridoma technology. Specificity for the oligomeric form of the Aβ42CC antigen and Aβ42 was confirmed using ELISA, and non-reactivity against plaques by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The antibody’s potential for cross-protective activity against pathological Aβ was evaluated in brain tissue samples from 10 individuals confirmed as AD (n=7) and non-AD (n=3) with IHC staining for Aβ and phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) aggregates. Brain extracts were prepared and immunodepleted using the positive control 4G8 antibody, ALZ-201 or an isotype control to ALZ-201. Fractions were biochemically characterised, and toxicity assays were performed in primary mouse neuronal cultures using automated high-content microscopy.

Results

AD brain extracts proved to be more toxic than controls as demonstrated by neuronal loss and morphological determinants (e.g. synapse density and measures of neurite complexity). Immunodepletion using 4G8 reduced Aβ levels in both AD and control samples compared to ALZ-201 or the isotype control, which showed no significant difference. Importantly, despite the differential effect on the total Aβ content, the neuroprotective effects of 4G8 and ALZ-201 immunodepletion were similar, whereas the isotype control showed no effect.

Conclusions

ALZ-201 depletes a toxic species in post-mortem AD brain extracts causing a positive physiological and protective impact on the integrity and morphology of mouse neurons. Its unique specificity indicates that a low-abundant, soluble Aβ42 oligomer may account for much of the neurotoxicity in AD. This critical attribute identifies the potential of ALZ-201 as a novel drug candidate for achieving a true, clinical therapeutic effect in AD.
CYP46A1 activation by low-dose efavirenz enhances brain cholesterol metabolism in subjects with early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lerner Alan J. , Arnold Steven E. , Maxfield Erin , Koenig Aaron , Toth Maria E. , Fortin Brooke , Mast Natalia , Trombetta Bianca A. , Denker John , Pieper Andrew A. , Tatsuoka Curtis , Raghupathy Sangeetha , Pikuleva Irina A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Efavirenz is an anti-HIV drug, and cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1) is a CNS-specific enzyme that metabolizes cholesterol to 24-hydroxycholesterol (24HC). We have previously shown that allosteric CYP46A1 activation by low-dose efavirenz in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) enhanced both cholesterol elimination and turnover in the brain and improved animal performance in memory tests. Here, we sought to determine whether CYP46A1 could be similarly activated by a low-dose efavirenz in human subjects. 

Methods

This pilot study enrolled 5 subjects with early AD. Participants were randomized to placebo (n = 1) or two daily efavirenz doses (50 mg and 200 mg, n = 2 for each) for 20 weeks and evaluated for safety and CYP46A1 target engagement (plasma 24HC levels). A longitudinal mixed model was used to ascertain the statistical significance of target engagement. We also measured 24HC in CSF and conducted a unique stable isotope labeling kinetics (SILK) study with deuterated water to directly measure CYP46A1 activity changes in the brain.

Results

In subjects receiving efavirenz, there was a statistically significant within-group increase (P ≤ 0.001) in the levels of plasma 24HC from baseline. The levels of 24HC in the CSF of subjects on the 200-mg dose of efavirenz were also increased. Target engagement was further supported by the labeling kinetics of 24HC by deuterated water in the SILK study. There were no serious adverse effects in any subjects.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest efavirenz target engagement in human subjects with early AD. This supports the pursuit of a larger trial for further determination and confirmation of the efavirenz dose that exerts maximal enzyme activation, as well as evaluation of this drug’s effects on AD biomarkers and clinical symptomatology.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03706885.
Clinical analysis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease with area postrema syndrome as the initial symptom
Authors: Liu Ting , Li Lijuan , Guo Xiaopeng , Li Qifu , Jia Dandan , Ma Lin
Published: December 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to report and discuss clinical analysis, including the diagnosis and treatment of 4 cases of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD) with area postrema syndrome (APS) as the first symptom.

Methods

Four patients with intractable nausea, vomiting, and confirmed NMOSD were included in the final analysis. All of these patients were initially misdiagnosed and mismanaged.

Results

Among the 4 patients, 3 were admitted to the department of gastroenterology at the onset of the disease, and 2 were not correctly diagnosed and treated promptly due to misdiagnosis. Therefore, their symptoms worsened, and they were transferred to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for life support. No obvious early medulla lesions were found in one patient. One patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, and plasma exchange, but there was no significant clinical improvement, after which the disease relapsed during the treatment with low-dose rituximab.

Conclusion

The clinical manifestations of NMOSD are complex and diverse, and the initial symptoms, onset age of the patient, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can influence the final diagnosis. Early identification of the APS and timely therapy can prevent visual and physical disabilities, even respiratory failure, coma, and cardiac arrest. Therefore, it is necessary to identify specific and sensitive serum and imaging markers for predicting the prognosis and recurrence of the disease.
Longitudinal assessment of anxiety and depression symptoms in U.S. adolescents across six months of the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Bowen Anne E. , Wesley Katherine L. , Cooper Emily H. , Meier Maxene , Kaar Jill L. , Simon Stacey L.
Published: December 2022

Background

The present study aimed to describe anxiety and depression symptoms at two timepoints during the coronavirus pandemic and evaluate demographic predictors.

Methods

U.S. high school students 13–19 years old completed a self-report online survey in May 2020 and November 2020-January 2021. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Depression and Anxiety short forms queried depression and anxiety symptoms.

Results

The final sample consisted of 694 participants (87% White, 67% female, 16.2 ± 1.1 years). Nearly 40% of participants reported a pre-pandemic depression diagnosis and 49% reported a pre-pandemic anxiety diagnosis. Negative affect, defined as both moderate to severe depression and anxiety PROMIS scores, was found in ~ 45% of participants at both timepoints. Female and other gender identities and higher community distress score were associated with more depression and anxiety symptoms. Depression symptoms T-score decreased slightly (− 1.3, p-value  ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Adolescent mental health screening and treatment should be a priority as the pandemic continues to impact the lives of youth.
Three-dimensional characteristics of temporomandibular joint morphology and condylar movement in patients with mandibular asymmetry
Authors: Tun Oo Lin , Miyamoto Jun J. , Takada Jun-Ichi , Cheng Shih-Wei Eric , Yoshizawa Hideyuki , Moriyama Keiji
Published: December 2022

Background

Investigating the morphological and functional effects on mandibular asymmetry (MA) is important not only to understand the developmental process of masticatory dysfunction, but also to provide suggestions for evidence-based occlusal treatment.

Aim

To evaluate three-dimensional temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and its relationship to asymmetrical condylar movement in MA patients.

Materials and methods

Fifty subjects were divided into MA and control groups (n = 25 each) according to a menton deviation of 4 mm from the mid-sagittal plane. TMJ morphology (condyle, glenoid fossa and TMJ spaces) were evaluated using a three-dimensional analysis programme. Three-dimensional condylar movements (from the sagittal and horizontal planes) were recorded and measured by computerized axiography on protrusion. Side-to-side asymmetry was measured for each parameter. The asymmetry index value was calculated to assess the correlation between TMJ morphology and condylar movement. For the statistical analysis, Wilcoxon’s signed-ranked test, the Mann–Whitney U test, and Spearman’s rank correlation were used.

Results

Glenoid fossa volume, surface area, anteroposterior length, and condylar volume were significantly smaller, and articular eminence angle, glenoid fossa, and condylar axial angle were significantly larger, on the shifted side of the MA group when compared with those on the non-shifted side and the mean values of the control group (P < 0.05). The TMJ spaces of the MA group showed no bilateral difference but were significantly narrower in the medial, superior, and anterior joint spaces when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Condylar path length and sagittal condylar inclination were significantly asymmetrical. The asymmetry index of the condyle volume was significantly correlated with that of the condylar path length (P = 0.005). The asymmetry index of the glenoid fossa volume and the articular eminence angle were significantly correlated with that of the sagittal condylar inclination (P = 0.009 and P = 0.002, respectively), and the asymmetry index of glenoid fossa volume was significantly correlated with the bilateral transverse condylar inclination (P = 0.006 and P = 0.016, respectively).

Conclusions

Morphological asymmetry of the TMJ is significantly different between the shifted and non-shifted sides and is closely related to functional asymmetry of condylar movement in MA patients. (350/350).
Infantile Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in a female patient complicated with severe obstructed jaundice: a case report
Authors: Watanabe Eiichiro , Hashizume Naoki , Yoneda Akihiro , Kasahara Mureo , Ozeki Genta , Saito Takeshi , Fujiogi Michimasa , Kano Motohiro , Yamamoto Yuki , Miyazaki Osamu , Maekawa Takanobu , Nakano Noriyuki , Yoshioka Takako , Fujino Akihiro , Kanamori Yutaka
Published: December 2022

Background

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare locally aggressive vascular neoplasm that occurs mainly in the pediatric population. KHE usually originates just underneath the skin and affects deeper tissues through infiltrative growth; however, visceral tissue involvement is quite rare.

Case presentation

An 8-month-old girl with jaundice and acholic stool was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of a hepatoduodenal ligament tumor. A blood examination revealed high bilirubin and liver enzyme levels, but no signs of coagulopathy. The first attempt at a diagnostic surgical procedure did not provide sufficient diagnostic information. However, the histopathological diagnosis of the cystic duct excised in the second surgery indicated KHE. Therefore, in our case, KHE was considered a cause of obstructive jaundice. Sirolimus (rapamycin) was initiated, and the patient was discharged 7 months after admission.

Conclusions

In cases of atypical hypervascular lesions in the abdominal cavity, especially in the pediatric population, it is important to consider the possibility of KHE, and surgical intervention with proper strategies is required for diagnosis, followed sequentially by promising treatments.
Tongue laceration in a patient taking antiplatelet agents during transcranial motor-evoked potential monitoring: a case report
Authors: Matsumoto Katsuhiro , Nakagawa Hideyuki , Kitamura Akira
Published: December 2022

Background

Transcranial motor-evoked potential (Tc-MEP) monitoring is usually performed during surgeries involving a risk of damaging brain motor areas. However, it involves a risk of bite injuries. We report a case of severe tongue laceration from Tc-MEP stimulation during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in a patient taking antiplatelet agents.

Case presentation

A 74-year-old man on antiplatelet therapy was scheduled for CEA under general anesthesia with intraoperative Tc-MEP monitoring. Bite blocks were not inserted. Postoperatively, we observed a tongue laceration with severe bleeding, which was sutured. The difficulties in tongue movement persisted for ≥ 1 month postoperatively.

Conclusions

Bite injuries during Tc-MEP may induce severe bleeding in patients on antiplatelets. The complications of tongue bite injuries may persist, decreasing the patients’ quality of life. Hence, during Tc-MEP monitoring, it is important to use soft bite blocks and to check the patient’s face and the position of the tracheal tube intraoperatively.
Maternal stress experiences with neonatal intensive care unit admissions
Authors: Ansari Tazeem Fatima , Wade Poonam , Singh Vinaya , Malik Sushma
Published: December 2022

Background

Mother experiences variety of stressors related to premature birth, baby’s medical condition, unpleasant neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment and intuit liability of the infant. Identifying factors that causes stress may be useful in assisting health personnel in understanding their importance and in improving the quality of care. Objective of the study is to assess the stress levels of mothers whose neonate is admitted to the NICU as measured by Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU).

Methods

This prospective analytical study was conducted in NICU of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 12 months after obtaining permission from the institutional ethics committee. The self-administered questionnaire comprising questions on: sights and sounds experienced in NICU, baby’s looks and behaviour, parental role and relationship with her baby were collected. The mean score and standard deviation were calculated for each component of PSS: NICU Scale and mean scores are compared.

Results

Mothers having full term babies have experienced more stress than those having pre-term babies. As measured by PSS-NICU scale the highest mean scores of 2.3 ± 0.57, 4.36 ± 0.53, 4.43 ± 0.58 were obtained for questions “The other sick babies in the room” component of Sight and Sound, “Seeing my baby looking sick” Component of Looks and Behaviour, “Being separated from my baby” Component of Parental Role and Relationship respectively.

Conclusion

Present study summarises the overall impact of NICU environmental stressors affecting mothers in a developing country and also emphasises the need for further studies in this area for identification of factors that contribute to maternal stress. It may enable health professionals to facilitate mothers’ adaptation, thereby promoting optimal mother–infant relationships and subsequent infant development.
Adrenal Steroids and Resistance to Hormonal Blockade of Prostate and Breast Cancer
Authors: Michael Patrick , Roversi Gustavo , Brown Kristy , Sharifi Nima
Published: December 2022

Prostate cancer and breast cancer are sex-steroid–dependent diseases that are driven in major part by gonadal sex steroids. Testosterone (T) is converted to 5α-dihydrotestosterone, both of which stimulate the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate cancer progression. Estradiol is the major stimulus for estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and proliferation of ERα-expressing breast cancer. However, the human adrenal provides an alternative source for sex steroids. A number of different androgens are produced by the adrenals, the most abundant of which is dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate. These precursor steroids are subject to metabolism by peripherally expressed enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of potent androgens and estrogens. In the case of prostate cancer, the regulation of one of these enzymatic steps occurs at least in part by way of a germline-encoded missense in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (3βHSD1), which regulates potent androgen biosynthesis and clinical outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with gonadal T deprivation. The sex steroids that drive prostate cancer and breast cancer require a common set of enzymes for their generation. However, the pathways diverge once 3-keto, Δ4-androgens are generated and these steroids are either turned into potent androgens by steroid-5α-reductase, or into estrogens by aromatase. Alternative steroid receptors have also emerged as disease- and treatment-resistance modifiers, including a role for AR in breast cancer and glucocorticoid receptor both in breast and prostate cancer. In this review, we integrate the commonalities of adrenal steroid physiology that regulate both prostate and breast cancer while recognizing the clear distinctions between these diseases.
A Novel Somatic Mutation Implicates ATP6V0D1 in Proinsulin Processing
Authors: Avari Parizad , Eng Pei Chia , Hu Ming , Chen Runzhi , Popovic Natalija , Polychronakos Constantin , Spalding Duncan , Rutter Guy A , Oliver Nick , Wernig Florian
Published: December 2022

Context

Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), encoded by protein convertase subtilisin kexin type 1 (PCSK1), converts inactive prohormones into biologically active peptides. Somatic mutations of insulinomas are associated with genetic defects interfering with control of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. However, somatic mutations in proinsulinomas have not been described.

Objective

We report a case of a proinsulinoma, with suppressed insulin and C-peptide levels.

Methods

A 70-year-old woman presented with a 20-year history of “blackouts.” During a 72-hour fast, blood glucose level dropped to 1.9 mmol/L with suppressed plasma insulin and C-peptide levels, but proinsulin levels were raised at 37 pmol/L (<10 pmol/L).

Results

Imaging revealed 3 distinct DOTATATE-avid pancreatic lesions. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatomy was performed. In view of discordant insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin levels, whole exome sequencing analysis was performed on the tumor. In the somatic exome of the tumor, we found mutations in PCSK expression regulators, as well as a novel truncating somatic mutation in ATP6V0D1, a subunit of the ion pump that acidifies the β-cell compartments where the PCSKs act.

Conclusion

Appropriately suppressed insulin levels in the context of hypoglycemia do not always indicate the absence of a neuroendocrine islet cell tumor and proinsulin levels may be indicated to solidify the diagnosis. In the context of elevated proinsulin levels, low insulin and C-peptide levels might be explained by somatic mutations that likely implicate proinsulin processing within the tumor. Furthermore, we propose several mechanistic candidates, including ATP6V0D1. Experimental validation using cellular approaches may in future confirm pathomechanisms involved in this rare condition.
Factors influencing decision making on donating organs for transplantation in the opinion of the respondents - study using the CAWI method
Authors: Majchrowicz Bożena
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Organ transplantation is a procedure of transferring living cells, tissues or organs within one organism or between two organisms. Despite the great achievements of transplantology and the legal basis regulating organ and tissue procurement and transplantation, there are still difficulties in overcoming social and psychological resistance related to this method of treatment and related to granting consent for organ donation.
The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge of the factors influencing the decision to transplant organs among the respondents.
Material and methods: The study was conducted using the CAWI method, where invitations were sent to a randomly selected group of respondents on the basis of specialized mailing lists, the research tool was a self-designed questionnaire. Participation in the study was anonymous and voluntary.
Results and conclusions: Respondents have knowledge about transplantation. 52.4% of the respondents would agree that all organs should be taken from them after death in order to save the lives of other people, the remaining group was against it. The acceptance of organ donation may have an impact on the development of transplantology, especially thanks to its understanding by families who have to make decisions in this regard.
Polynomial Upper Bounds on the Number of Differing Columns of Δ-Modular Integer Programs
Authors: Lee Jon , Paat Joseph , Stallknecht Ingo , Xu Luze
Published: December 2022

We study integer-valued matrices with bounded determinants. Such matrices appear in the theory of integer programs (IPs) with bounded determinants. For example, an IP can be solved in strongly polynomial time if the constraint matrix is bimodular: that is, the determinants are bounded in absolute value by two. Determinants are also used to bound the [Formula: see text] distance between IP solutions and solutions of its linear relaxation. One of the first to quantify the complexity of IPs with bounded determinants was Heller, who identified the maximum number of differing columns in a totally unimodular matrix. Each extension of Heller’s bound to general determinants has been superpolynomial in the determinants or the number of equations. We provide the first column bound that is polynomial in both values. For integer programs with box constraints, our result gives the first [Formula: see text] distance bound that is polynomial in the determinants and the number of equations. Our result can also be used to derive a bound on the height of Graver basis elements that is polynomial in the determinants and the number of equations. Furthermore, we show a tight bound on the number of differing columns in a bimodular matrix; this is the first tight bound since Heller. Our analysis reveals combinatorial properties of bimodular IPs that may be of independent interest.

Funding: J. Lee was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-21-1-2135] and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-19-1-0175]. J. Paat was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant [Grant RGPIN-2021-02475].
Messaging Matters: The Impact of Advising Micromessages on Student Affect and Behavior across Diverse University Campuses
Authors: Buchanan Tonya M. , Brown Aaron , Chirco Patrizia , Klein Danielle , Purgason Ashley M.
Published: December 2022

Across two experimental university studies, we examined how small changes in language embedded in advising communications influence student outcomes (e.g., support, persistence) and explored the utility of advising micromessages congruent with growth mindset and appreciative advising for diverse student populations. We found that micromessages embedded within hypothetical advisor emails increased anticipated positive student outcomes, including feelings of support and persistence. In line with our hypotheses and attribution-based intervention research with nontraditional and/or marginalized students, the positive effect of micromessaging appears greater for first-generation students and students of color. This research highlights opportunities to shape consequential student outcomes through small, strategic language changes. Empowering advisors with thoughtfully crafted language improves students' sense of support and persistence and may reduce achievement gaps.
Assessing and managing open fractures: a systematic approach
Authors: Davies Monica , Dorrell Victoria , Grainger Charlotte , Ahluwalia Ashish , Vasireddy Aswin , Ahluwalia Raju
Published: December 2022

Open fractures are complex injuries strongly associated with high-energy trauma. Assessment should include the mechanism and place of injury, timing, associated injuries and comorbidities. The initial management of these fractures, whether in the prehospital setting or emergency department, must include the following in a prompt manner: administration of antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis, photography, reduction or re-alignment, wound coverage and splintage.

Imaging includes plain X-rays and a computed tomography trauma scan, as well as an angiogram if vessel damage is suspected. Collectively, the energy of the mechanism of injury, with the level of contamination, potential for compartment syndrome and vascular damage, determines the operative urgency.

Operative management can be a one- or two-stage procedure, because definitive internal skeletal fixation should only be attempted if soft tissue coverage can occur during the same operation. Ideally, all open fractures should be closed within 72 hours. This article explores the evidence for current best practice.
Pretibial lacerations
Authors: Gohil Kajal , Varma Parvathi , Byford Geraldine , Walsh Karl , Dutta Pratap
Published: December 2022

Patients with pretibial lacerations are commonly referred to plastic surgery services for operative intervention. However, the vast majority of cases can be managed conservatively. Through understanding the epidemiology and pathophysiology underlying these injuries to appropriately assessing and managing these patients, this review demonstrates how best to facilitate wound healing and undertake conservative management. A multidisciplinary approach to managing patients with pretibial lacerations is discussed so that clinicians can provide a better quality of life for patients through optimisation and preventing further decline.
Anticoagulation for Patients Undergoing Implantation of a Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device
Authors: Llewellyn Jennifer , Ezeonwumelu Chinenyenwa , Jackson Lynsey , Rao Archana
Published: December 2022

Aims/background

The number of cardiac devices implanted increases year on year, as does the complexity of the patients being managed. A large proportion of this patient group have an indication for anticoagulation, and this raises challenges around the perioperative management of these agents.

Method

A quality improvement project was conducted to review current practice, understand local experience and improve patient care.

Results

Following the initial review, local guidelines were updated, the postoperative anticoagulation decision escalated to the responsible clinician and a clearer pathway for communicating the decision created.

Conclusions

The implemented changes have shown an overall improvement in junior doctor feedback and also clinical documentation in the electronic patient records.
Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Injury among Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Domingues Priscila Naves , Da Silva Tatiana Fonseca
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as a deliberate and voluntary self-inflicted physical damage without suicidal intent. However, the risk of suicide is significantly higher among those who have previously engaged in NSSI. Adolescents are at risk for developing this type of behavior, as elevated levels of impulsivity and emotional reactivity are present due to brain developmental processes.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey that collected data from a sample of 140 adolescents from two Brazilian public schools in august of 2018. The prevalence of self-injury was calculated, and related factors were analyzed, such as sex, socioeconomic status, age of onset, recurrence, intention to die and healthcare assistance.

Results: The prevalence of self-injury was 25% (n = 35) in the sample. Girls were seven times more likely to practice self-injury than boys (OR 7.42; 95% CI 2.80-19.66; p<0.001). However, boys were more likely to have intention to die, recurrence, absence of pain, and no healthcare assistance. The age of onset was 13 to 15 years for most cases. More than one third of participants reported multiple episodes of self-injury (five episodes or more) and they were 13 times more likely to have intention to die (OR 13.2; 95% CI 1.44-120.69; p=0.010). Only one person reported using medication on a daily basis (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and 28.6% reported undergoing professional healthcare assistance.

Conclusion: Self-injury is a prevalent behavior in adolescents, that potentially results in psychological and physical impairments. Further research to achieve a better understanding of clinical and epidemiological features of self-injury is essential so that more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions can be developed to target the needs of young people worldwide.
Study of the Difference Between Centric Occlusion and Retruded Contact Position
Authors: Polasek Antonia , Plisko Manuela , Profozic Anja , Plazibat Antonia , Cimic Samir
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between retruded contact position (RCP) and centric occlusion (CO) at the level of mandibular condyles.

Materials and methods: Study included 20 completely dentate participants (average 24.4 ± 1.2 years). All recordings of the condylar deviations were measured with the use of the ultrasound mandibular recording device with six degrees of freedom. CO was determined using active method of centric relation recording (participants were trained to stationary hinge and maintain the position of the lower jaw at the first tooth contact/contacts). RCP was determined with passive method of centric relation recording (chin point guidance). RCP and CO deviations to the reference position (habitual occlusion) were recorded with the use of the mandibular recording device at the level of x (anterior – posterior), y (vertical) and z (lateral) axes. Linear RCP and CO deviations (from the habitual occlusion) were measured. Descriptive statistics was measured, and the RCP and CO deviation values were compared using independent samples T test.

Results: Average linear condylar deviation values for the CO were 1.30 ± 1.14 mm, and 2.13 ± 1.89 mm for the RCP. Independent samples T test showed statistically significant difference between RCP and CO linear deviation values (α=0.021).

Conclusions: There is a difference in the positioning of the condyle within temporomandibular joint, with passive or active centric relation recording methods. CO and RCP can be identified as different occlusal positions.
A Semantic Similarity Measure for Scholarly Document Based on the Study of n-gram
Authors: Samen Yannick-Ulrich Tchantchou
Published: December 2022

The performance of information retrieval systems is closely related to the ability of similarity measures to accurately determine the similarity value between documents or between a query and a document. In this paper, the issue of similarity measures in the context of scholarly documents is addressed. A semantic similarity measure is proposed. This similarity measure is able to exploit the metadata contained in the scientific articles, as well as the important n-grams identified in them. To evaluate the accuracy of our similarity measure, a dataset of articles is built as well as their similarity values manually estimated by human experts. Experiments performed on this dataset using Pearson correlation show that the similarity values obtained using the proposed measure are very close to those estimated by human experts.
Vulnerability Assessment for Applications Security Through Penetration Simulation and Testing
Authors: Lachkov Petar , Tawalbeh Lo’ai , Bhatt Smriti
Published: December 2022

Cybersecurity threats and attacks are a critical concern for computing systems as general and specifically in web applications. There are many types and categories of cyberattacks on web applications. Many of these attacks are made possible due to existing vulnerabilities in the networking environments and platforms that host these web applications. So, the vulnerability assessment and attacks simulations on these networking platforms are of extreme importance to protect and secure the top web applications that play a prime role in our daily life. One of the widely used mechanisms to identify vulnerabilities and defend against different attacks on systems and networks is Penetration Testing. It allows us to simulate real-world attacks on a network or a single device to determine the susceptibility and impact of cybersecurity attacks. Pen testing aims to secure a system or network by performing a full-blown attack against it. Several techniques have been used for that, from port scanning, service, and operating system detection to network enumeration, creating specially crafted packets, and modifying software to exploit vulnerabilities. However, while it is used widely as a defensive technique, some attackers also employ it for malicious intentions utilizing available open-source penetration testing tools. Penetration testing on internal networks such as networks that connect IoT/sensors/web cameras, can be utilized to find vulnerabilities and fix them to secure the networks. In this research, we present a detailed discussion on penetration testing and its seven phases of action and provide a step-by-step procedure with instructions using various open-source tools to conduct penetration testing and vulnerability assessments of a network. We finally demonstrate the process and results of simulated attacks on our network within the testing environment. This research provides a comprehensive introduction to penetration testing and testbed through real-world attack simulation. The IT administrator or security enthusiast can utilize them to secure networks, devices, clients, servers, and applications while enhancing the overall organization’s security.
Internacionalização dos Programas Brasileiros de Stricto Sensu em Administração
Authors: Lugoboni Leonardo Fabris , Pereira Alex Martins , Maclennan Maria Laura Ferranty
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender as principais evidenciações de internacionalização nas fichas de avaliação da Capes. Por meio de uma pesquisa documental, foram analisadas as fichas de avaliação dos programas emitida pela Capes. Ao todo, a amostra é composta por 53 programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu acadêmicos e 27 programas de mestrado profissional. Os avaliadores da Capes têm evidenciado predominantemente a internacionalização no exterior, também chamada de mobilidade externa. Nos programas acadêmicos, a internacionalização em casa obteve o maior número de evidenciações e nos programas profissionais a mobilidade do programa teve o maior destaque. Evidenciou-se também que quanto maior a nota, maior a quantidade de evidenciação das ações de internacionalização. Apresenta-se como contrição desta pesquisa a definição de 41 subcategorias de internacionalização, além da possibilidade de quantificar elementos qualitativos fortalecem os conceitos de internacionalização no ensino superior.
Finanças Pessoais e Desafios Atuais: Uma Pesquisa com Estudantes Universitários para Estruturação de um App Financeiro e Pedagógico
Authors: Longo Luci , Almeida dos Santos João Renan
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na análise dos determinantes da gestão das finanças pessoais dos estudantes de graduação e proposta para estruturação lógica de um aplicativo financeiro (App) para celular com visual e formato de fácil uso, mantendo os requisitos técnicos para o controle e planejamento das finanças pessoais, baseado em conceitos contábil-financeiros. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, adotou uma abordagem quantitativa para seleção e redução dos fatores relevantes da gestão financeira, no modelo de equações estruturais. A coleta deu-se no período que antecedeu o fechamento das aulas presenciais em 2020, com o envio de questionários para os estudantes de graduação dos cursos de administração e ciências contábeis e outras áreas, da Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, com um retorno de 300 respostas válidas. Após desenvolver as etapas de análise foi iniciado a fase de estruturação para a programação de um aplicativo financeiro. Como ponto forte do trabalho destaca-se a imersão dos estudantes nas etapas da pesquisa e desenvolvimento da proposta, possibilitando compreender os processos da gestão financeira pessoal, da realidade dos pesquisados. Em trabalhos futuros, existe a possibilidade do mesmo se tornar um instrumento de uso educacional em ambiente universitário e pré-universitário.
Práticas Reflexivas das Ações Gerenciais: Um Modo de Promover a Saúde e o Bem-Estar sem Perder de Vista a Produtividade
Authors: Marcondes Renatto , Da Luz Souza Kênia
Published: December 2022

Este texto é uma resenha do livro Prática Reflexiva das Ações Gerenciais: um modo de promover a saúde e o bem-estar sem perder de vista a produtividade, de José Carlos Zanelli e Andreia Costa Tostes. O objetivo é apresentar a obra e apontar suas principais contribuições para o desenvolvimento de gestores. Já a proposta do livro cerca-se em ensinar estudantes e profissionais um programa de desenvolvimento de líderes a partir da reflexão para a ação gerencial. Inicialmente, descreve a experiência profissional dos autores, no tocante à proposta do livro. Após, explana-se sobre as partes constitutivas do livro apontando o percurso teórico-metodológico adotado. Por fim, aprecia-se a obra apresentando os avanços do livro na sua visão ético-política, indicando o público que pode beneficiar-se da leitura e sinalizando a importância de um livro-guia para os gestores e consultores de desenvolvimento humano.
Editorial
Authors: Iizuka Edson Sadao
Published: December 2022

Prezados leitores e leitoras,

Desde a sua criação, em meados dos anos 2000, o periódico mantinha a mesma estrutura e governança. No segundo semestre de 2022, em função dos avanços e a própria maturidade do periódico, implementamos as seguintes mudanças: implementamos a co-edição científica, sendo o Prof. Diógenes Bido o primeiro a ocupar essa posição; remodelamos o Conselho Editorial com a presença de novos membros: Prof. Alexandre Gracioso (ESPM), Prof. Antonio de Araujo Freitas Junior (FGV), Profª Eda Coutinho Barbosa Machado de Souza (IESB), Prof. Edson Kenji Kondo (FGV), Prof. Edison Simoni (FECAP), Prof. Flávio Vasconcelos (FGV), Prof. Irineu Gustavo Nogueira Gianesi (Insper) e Profª Priscila Borin de Oliveira Claro (Insper). No início de 2023, será formado um novo Conselho Científico. Finalmente, cabe mencionar o Conselho Honorário destinado aos que atuaram nos primórdios da revista como forma de reconhecimento aos nossos fundadores.
Assessment of Sleep Quality of Infants and Their Mothers Using Actigraphy
Authors: Chae Sun-Mi , Han Soo-Yeon , Kim Cho Hee , Hwang Ji-Hye , Kim Hyo Jin
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate the characteristics and quality of infant and maternal sleep (total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wakefulness after sleep onset) using an actigraph.Methods: The characteristics and quality of sleep were assessed in 22 dyads of mothers and infants aged 3–12 months. The quality of infant and mother sleep was collected using an actigraph for 12 consecutive days; this was repeated three times at 4-week intervals, and characteristics of infant sleep were measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire-Revised.Results: Bedsharing with infants at 7–12 months of age was higher (12.5%) than with those at 3–6 months of age (50.0%). Regarding the sleeping position, half of the infants aged 3–6 months adopted the lateral (25.0%) and prone (25.0%) positions, and the remaining half (50.0%) aged 7–12 months adopted the lateral position. It was found that 45.5% of mothers of infants used breastfeeding and pacifiers to induce sleep in infants and to help their babies go back to sleep when they woke up. The total sleep time and sleep efficiency of infants and mothers were 434.68 minutes per day and 73.1% and 379.53 minutes per day and 82.8%, respectively, indicating that both infants and mothers had low sleep quality.Conclusions: To safeguard infants’ sleep, it is necessary to provide appropriate information and education to parents and necessary interventions for resolving sleep problems and improving the quality of sleep for both infants and mothers.
Phenotypic Approach to Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Ji Ki-Hwan
Published: December 2022

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a common condition observed in clinical practice, is a significant public health concern; however, several patients with OSA remain underdiagnosed and untreated. OSA is not merely anatomically driven but is a heterogeneous disorder attributable to complex pathophysiology. Therefore, anatomically driven therapy such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), dental device use, or upper airway surgery offers limited benefit because these approaches do not consider the various clinical and other pathophysiological contributors to OSA. Poor long-term adherence is a limitation of CPAP, the most effective modality recommended as first-line therapy in patients with OSA. Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of OSA have led to the identification of three OSA phenotypes based on pathophysiological traits, polysomnographic traits, and clinical/symptombased characteristics. In this review, we summarize recent progress and research trends in the phenotypic approach to OSA.
A Case of Successful Treatment of Sleepwalking Caused by Sleep Apnea Through Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Seo Gang Wook , Hwang Intaek , Moon Jiyeon , Kim Hyeyun
Published: December 2022

Somnambulism or sleepwalking is a disorder classified as non-rapid eye movement sleep parasomnia and is common in adolescents. Sleep fragmentation occurs frequently in somnambulism, and waking up and wandering are the main symptoms of the disorder. Our patient was a 14-year-old male with a 3-year history of sleepwalking at night when he visited our sleep clinic. A polysomnography was performed for the evaluation of parasomnia. Our patient was diagnosed as having parasomnia overlap syndrome with moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was prescribed for the OSA. After 12 weeks of CPAP, not only did the patient’s OSA symptoms resolve but somnambulism disappeared. Previous reports of overlap syndrome with OSA and somnambulism also supported the use of CPAP treatment for patients with both OSA and somnambulism.
Framing Face-Saving Behavior on Facebook
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Sayogie Frans
Published: December 2022

The majority of the previous research suggested that the significance of face on social communication is both prevalent and powerful. Every communication channel has the potential to risk the harmony between speakers and hearers. As a result, based on the concept of politeness strategies, this study explores face-saving behavior employed by Facebook users. By examining the different situations of interactions, the paper attempts to describe and analyze the use of politeness strategies on Facebook. The results found that all speakers employed all four politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson. The use of positive strategies with 36.67 % that was in high-rated population, and followed by bald on record politeness strategy without redressive action that took 28.89 %. Negative politeness was used 20 % in this platform channel. The last strategy is an indirect strategy called bald off-record that took 14.44 %. In conclusion, politeness strategy plays a significant role as a strategy in building a good interaction without violence the communication and can save the speaker’s face as well.
Influence of ambient gas on self-reversal in Li transitions relevant to isotopic analysis
Authors: Kautz Elizabeth J. , Xu Annie , Harilal Ajay V. , Polek Mathew P. , Casella Andrew M. , Senor David J. , Harilal Sivanandan S.
Published: December 2022

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy is a promising, rapid analysis method for the detection and quantification of Li and its isotopes needed in geochemical, nuclear, and energy storage applications. However, spectral broadening in laser produced plasmas, presence of fine and hyperfine structures, and self-reversal effects make Li isotopic analysis via laser induced breakdown spectroscopy challenging. The present study explores the influence of Ar, N2, and He ambient gases over the pressure range of 0.05 - 100 Torr on line broadening and self-reversal of the Li I transition with the greatest isotopic shift in the VIS spectral region (i.e., ≈670.8 nm, ≈15.8 pm isotopic shift). We perform spatially and temporally resolved optical emission spectroscopy of plasmas produced via laser ablation of LiAlO2 substrates. Our results show that the self-reversal and linewidth is reduced at lower pressures for all gases, and using optimized plasma conditions with chemometric methods, the 6Li/7Li isotopic ratios can be predicted.
Misalignment-free, Kerr-lens-modelocked Yb:Y2O3 2.2-GHz oscillator, amplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Ostapenko Hanna , Feng Ye , Lamour Tobias , McCracken Richard , Mandel Oliver , Weise Dennis , Reid Derryck T.
Published: December 2022

We present a fully bonded, misalignment-free, diode-pumped Yb:ceramic (Yb:Y2O3) oscillator producing 190-fs pulses at a repetition frequency of 2.185 GHz. Self-starting Kerr-lens-modelocked operation was obtained from both outputs of the ring cavity with an average combined output power of 14–30 mW for pump powers from 380–670 mW. The fully bonded design provided self-starting, turnkey operation, with a relative intensity noise of 0.025% from 1 Hz–1 MHz. Tuning of the pulse repetition rate over a 120 kHz range was demonstrated for a 2°C change in temperature. Chirped-pulse amplification in a semiconductor optical amplifier was shown to increase the pulse average power to 69 mW and the pulse energy (peak power) from 2.5 pJ (12 W) to 32 pJ (71 W).
Tunable terahertz hybrid metamaterials supported by 3D Dirac semimetals
Authors: He Xiaoyong , Cao Wenhan
Published: December 2022

By utilizing the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal (DSM)-strontium titanate (SrTiO3, STO) elliptical hybrid metamaterials, the tunable Fano resonances were systematically analyzed in the THz regime, for example, the effects of asymmetric degrees, DSM Fermi levels, and operation frequencies. Interestingly, an obvious Fano peak is observed by introducing a displacement (asymmetric degree) between STO and DSM resonators. In particular, the amplitude modulation depth (MD) of the Fano transmission peak (reflection dip) is 49.5% (86.65%) when the asymmetric degree ranges from 0 to 20 µm. Furthermore, on the condition that the asymmetric degree is larger than 10 µm, the LC resonance is also excited with an extraordinary Q–factor of more than 25. Additionally, by modifying the Fermi level of DSM layer, the amplitude MD of Fano transmission peak (reflection dip) is 32.86% (67.26%). The results facilitate our understanding of the tunable mechanisms of DSM metamaterials and potentially promote the development of novel plasmonic devices, including filters, modulators and sensors.