bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comment on "A hybrid model of self organizing maps and least square support vector machine for river flow forecasting" by Ismail et al. (2012)
Authors: Fahimi F. , El-Shafie A. H.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Without a doubt, river flow forecasting is one of the most important issues in water engineering field. There are lots of forecasting techniques that have successfully been utilized by previously conducted studies in water resource management and water engineering. The study of Ismail et al. (2012), which was published in the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences in 2012, was a valuable piece of research that investigated the combination of two effective methods (self-organizing map and least squares support vector machine) for river flow forecasting. The goal was to make a comparison between the performances of self organizing map and least square support vector machine (SOM-LSSVM), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), artificial neural network (ANN) and least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) models for river flow prediction. This comment attempts to focus on some parts of the original paper that need more discussion. The emphasis here is to provide more information about the accuracy of the observed river flow data and the optimum map size for SOM mode as well.
Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River Basin
Authors: Saraiva Okello A. M. L. , Masih I. , Uhlenbrook S. , Jewitt G. W. P. , van der Zaag P. , Riddell E.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. The Incomati is a semi-arid trans-boundary river basin in southern Africa, with a high variability of streamflow and competing water demands from irrigated agriculture, energy, forestry and industries. These sectors compete with environmental flows and basic human water needs, resulting in a "stressed" water resources system. The impacts of these demands, relative to the natural flow regime, appear significant. However, despite being a relatively well-gauged basin in South Africa, the natural flow regime and its spatial and temporal variability are poorly understood and remain poorly described, resulting in a limited knowledge base for water resources planning and management decisions. Thus, there is an opportunity to improve water management, if it can be underpinned by a better scientific understanding of the drivers of streamflow availability and variability in the catchment. In this study, long-term rainfall and streamflow records were analysed. Statistical analysis, using annual anomalies, was conducted on 20 rainfall stations, for the period of 1950 to 2011. The Spearman Test was used to identify any trends in the records at annual and monthly time scales. The variability of rainfall across the basin was confirmed to be high, both intra- and inter-annually. The statistical analysis of rainfall data revealed no significant trend of increase or decrease for the studied period. Observed flow data from 33 gauges was screened and analyzed, using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) approach. Long-term analyses were conducted to identify temporal/spatial variability and trends in streamflow records. Temporal variability was high, with the coefficient of variation of annual flows in the range of 1 to 3.6. Significant declining trends in October flows, and low flows indicators were also identified at most gauging stations of the Komati and Crocodile sub-catchments, however no trends were evident on the other parameters, including high flows. The trends were mapped, using GIS and were compared to historical and current land use. These results suggest that land use and flow regulation are larger drivers of temporal changes in the streamflow than climatic forces. Indeed, over the past 40 years, the areas under commercial forestry and irrigated agriculture have increased over four times.
Multi-scale analysis of bias correction of soil moisture
Authors: Su C.-H. , Ryu D.
Published: July 2014

Abstract. Remote sensing, in situ networks and models are now providing unprecedented information for environmental monitoring. To conjunctively use multi-source data nominally representing an identical variable, one must resolve biases existing between these disparate sources, and the characteristics of the biases can be non-trivial due to spatiotemporal variability of the target variable, inter-sensor differences with variable measurement supports. One such example is of soil moisture (SM) monitoring. Triple collocation (TC) based bias correction is a powerful statistical method that increasingly being used to address this issue but is only applicable to the linear regime, whereas nonlinear method of statistical moment matching is susceptible to unintended biases originating from measurement error. Since different physical processes that influence SM dynamics may be distinguishable by their characteristic spatiotemporal scales, we propose a multi-time-scale linear bias model in the framework of a wavelet-based multi-resolution analysis (MRA). The joint MRA-TC analysis was applied to demonstrate scale-dependent biases between in situ, remotely-sensed and modelled SM, the influence of various prospective bias correction schemes on these biases, and lastly to enable multi-scale bias correction and data adaptive, nonlinear de-noising via wavelet thresholding.
FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA INCLUSÃO DE ALUNOS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Fiorini Maria Luiza Salzano , Manzini Eduardo José
Published: July 2014

O texto objetiva descrever as etapas desenvolvidas na elaboração de umprograma de formação para prover o professor de Educação Física para atender a demanda dainclusão de alunos com deficiência. Dezessete professores de Educação Física que atuavamem escolas municipais, do 1° ao 5° ano, participaram da primeira etapa. As informaçõesforam coletadas por meio de Grupo Focal. A análise foi realizada em forma de categorias.Dois professores participaram da etapa 2, que consistiu na filmagem de 28 aulas em que haviaum aluno com deficiência matriculado. Os relatos do grupo focal identificaram oito diferentessubcategorias de dificuldades: 1) Formação; 2) Questão Administrativo-escolar; 3) Aluno; 4)Diagnóstico; 5) Família; 6) Recurso pedagógico; 7) Estratégia; 8) Educação Física. A análisedas filmagens possibilitou identificar dificuldades e situações de sucesso para cada um dosprofessores. A identificação das dificuldades indicou caminhos para prover os professores deEducação Física, na medida em que, a partir delas, poderão ser estipuladas ações e conteúdosque contemplem um programa de formação.
LIMITES DA DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: ENTRAVES NA PERMANÊNCIA E A EVASÃO NA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS
Authors: Rosa Chaiane de Medeiros
Published: July 2014

O presente estudo busca compreender a forma como as políticas voltadas para ademocratização do acesso à educação superior têm impactado na permanência e evasão dosestudantes na UFG. Nesse sentido, considerando o quadro de expansão das vagas, bem comoos mecanismos de diversificação do acesso que propiciam a inserção de maior contingente dealunos na universidade, o trabalho aborda os desafios da permanência dos estudantes nainstituição, especialmente dos segmentos de baixa renda. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida umapesquisa com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, respaldada em pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica, ancorada em autores como Beletati (2011), Borges e Carnielli (2005), Lázaro etal. (2012), Ristoff (2008), Rosa (2013) e outros, bem como em pesquisa empírica, baseada em dados da Andifes (2006), do Fonaprace (2012) e do Inep (2012). Como resultado, entende-se que a questão da permanência ainda é um desafio para os estudantes que ingressam na UFG por meio das políticas de reservas de vagas, quer seja o programa UFGInclui ou a lei de cotas, haja vista que esses alunos, por serem provenientes de estratos sociais economicamente desfavorecidos, ao ingressaram na universidade esbarram-se em barreiras que impedem ou dificultam a conclusão da graduação. Sendo assim, entende-se como necessário levantar a discussão acerca da necessidade de implementação de políticas que subsidiem não somente o ingresso, mas, sobretudo, a permanência desse grupo de alunos na universidade, para que eles tenham reais condições de concluir um curso de nível superior com êxito.
Effects of tree-length timber skidding on soil compaction in the skid trail in Hyrcanian forests
Authors: Jourgholami Meghdad , Majnounain Baris , Etehadi Abari Maryam
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: The study was conducted to examine impact of skidding traffic, trail slope, traffic frequency, and soil depth on the soil bulk density.Area of study: This study was carried out in the Kheyrud Forest in Hyrcanian forest, Iran.Material and methods: The level of soil compaction at eight levels of traffic (1, 4, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 passes), four levels of skid trail slopes (0, 10, -10, and -20%) and three soil depth (5, 15, 25 cm) were applied in three replicates consequently. Bulk densities were measured on the undisturbed surface (control) and within the tracks. Timbers were extracted in the tree-length logging method using rubber-tired skidder (Timberjack 450 C).Main results: About 5.2% of total area of harvesting unit were disturbed and compacted. Uphill skidding increases compaction more than downhill skidding. In the four different slopes, the highest increasing of the bulk density was occurred during the first few passes of skidder, although the bulk density continued to increase in amount and depth with the number of passes. The increases in bulk density were still important at the maximum sampling depth of 20-30 cm.Research highlights: The results indicated that slope steepness had a strong effect on the soil physical properties and soil disturbance. Designated skid trails should be used to minimize the influence on the forest soil.Key words: soil compaction; tree-length logging method; rubber-tired skidder; Hyrcanian forest.
Evaluating the quality of riparian forest vegetation: the Riparian Forest Evaluation (RFV) index
Authors: Magdaleno Fernando , Martínez Roberto
Published: July 2014

Aim of study: This paper presents a novel index, the Riparian Forest Evaluation (RFV) index, for assessing the ecological condition of riparian forests. The status of riparian ecosystems has global importance due to the ecological and social benefits and services they provide. The initiation of the European Water Framework Directive (2000/60/CE) requires the assessment of the hydromorphological quality of natural channels. The Directive describes riparian forests as one of the fundamental components that determine the structure of riverine areas. The RFV index was developed to meet the aim of the Directive and to complement the existing methodologies for the evaluation of riparian forests.Area of study: The RFV index was applied to a wide range of streams and rivers (170 water bodies) inSpain.Materials and methods: The calculation of the RFV index is based on the assessment of both the spatial continuity of the forest (in its three core dimensions: longitudinal, transversal and vertical) and the regeneration capacity of the forest, in a sampling area related to the river hydromorphological pattern. This index enables an evaluation of the quality and degree of alteration of riparian forests. In addition, it helps to determine the scenarios that are necessary to improve the status of riparian forests and to develop processes for restoring their structure and composition.Main results: The results were compared with some previous tools for the assessment of riparian vegetation. The RFV index got the highest average scores in the basins of northernSpain, which suffer lower human influence. The forests in central and southern rivers got worse scores. The bigger differences with other tools were found in complex and partially altered streams and rivers.Research highlights: The study showed the index’s applicability under diverse hydromorphological and ecological conditions and the main advantages of its application. The utilization of the index allows a better understanding of the status of riparian forests, and enhances improvements in the conservation and management of riparian areas.Keywords: riparian quality; Water Framework Directive; connectivity; indicator; hydromorphology.
Differentiation of Human Limbal-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Limbal-Like Epithelium
Authors: Sareen Dhruv , Saghizadeh Mehrnoosh , Ornelas Loren , Winkler Michael A. , Narwani Kavita , Sahabian Anais , Funari Vincent A. , Tang Jie , Spurka Lindsay , Punj Vasu , Maguen Ezra , Rabinowitz Yaron S. , Svendsen Clive N. , Ljubimov Alexander V.
Published: July 2014

Limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) deficiency (LSCD) leads to corneal abnormalities resulting in compromised vision and blindness. LSCD can be potentially treated by transplantation of appropriate cells, which should be easily expandable and bankable. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising source of transplantable LESCs. The purpose of this study was to generate human iPSCs and direct them to limbal differentiation by maintaining them on natural substrata mimicking the native LESC niche, including feederless denuded human amniotic membrane (HAM) and de-epithelialized corneas. These iPSCs were generated with nonintegrating vectors from human primary limbal epithelial cells. This choice of parent cells was supposed to enhance limbal cell differentiation from iPSCs by partial retention of parental epigenetic signatures in iPSCs. When the gene methylation patterns were compared in iPSCs to parental LESCs using Illumina global methylation arrays, limbal-derived iPSCs had fewer unique methylation changes than fibroblast-derived iPSCs, suggesting retention of epigenetic memory during reprogramming. Limbal iPSCs cultured for 2 weeks on HAM developed markedly higher expression of putative LESC markers ABCG2, ΔNp63α, keratins 14, 15, and 17, N-cadherin, and TrkA than did fibroblast iPSCs. On HAM culture, the methylation profiles of select limbal iPSC genes (including NTRK1, coding for TrkA protein) became closer to the parental cells, but fibroblast iPSCs remained closer to parental fibroblasts. On denuded air-lifted corneas, limbal iPSCs even upregulated differentiated corneal keratins 3 and 12. These data emphasize the importance of the natural niche and limbal tissue of origin in generating iPSCs as a LESC source with translational potential for LSCD treatment.
A global, real‐time flood monitoring model
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: July 2014

Floods kill thousands of people and cause billions of dollars in damage each year, and many floods occur in areas of the world that lack resources for flood monitoring and forecasting systems. Wu et al. report on an experimental real‐time global flood monitoring system that employs a widely used land surface model coupled with a hierarchical dominant river tracing‐based runoff routing model and satellite‐based precipitation data to provide streamflow and flood detection/estimation information over most of the globe every 3 hours.
Storm time response of the midlatitude thermosphere: Observations from a network of Fabry‐Perot interferometers
Authors: Makela Jonathan J. , Harding Brian J. , Meriwether John W. , Mesquita Rafael , Sanders Samuel , Ridley Aaron J. , Castellez Michael W. , Ciocca Marco , Earle Gregory D. , Frissell Nathaniel A. , Hampton Donald L. , Gerrard Andrew J. , Noto John , Martinis Carlos R.
Published: July 2014

Observations of thermospheric neutral winds and temperatures obtained during a geomagnetic storm on 2 October 2013 from a network of six Fabry‐Perot interferometers (FPIs) deployed in the Midwest United States are presented. Coincident with the commencement of the storm, the apparent horizontal wind is observed to surge westward and southward (toward the equator). Simultaneous to this surge in the apparent horizontal winds, an apparent downward wind of approximately 100 m/s lasting for 6 h is observed. The apparent neutral temperature is observed to increase by approximately 400 K over all of the sites. Observations from an all‐sky imaging system operated at the Millstone Hill observatory indicate the presence of a stable auroral red (SAR) arc and diffuse red aurora during this time. We suggest that the large sustained apparent downward winds arise from contamination of the spectral profile of the nominal thermospheric 630.0 nm emission by 630.0 nm emission from a different (nonthermospheric) source. Modeling demonstrates that the effect of an additional population of 630.0 nm photons, with a distinct velocity and temperature distribution, introduces an apparent Doppler shift when the combined emissions from the two sources are analyzed as a single population. Thus, the apparent Doppler shifts should not be interpreted as the bulk motion of the thermosphere, calling into question results from previous FPI studies of midlatitude storm time thermospheric winds. One possible source of contamination could be fast O related to the infusion of low‐energy O+ ions from the magnetosphere. The presence of low‐energy O+ is supported by observations made by the Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron spectrometer instruments on the twin Van Allen Probes spacecraft, which show an influx of low‐energy ions during this period. These results emphasize the importance of distributed networks of instruments in understanding the complex dynamics that occur in the upper atmosphere during disturbed conditions.
Aberrant fetal macrophage/microglial reactions to cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Sakao‐Suzuki Makiko , Kawasaki Hideya , Akamatsu Taisuke , Meguro Shiori , Miyajima Hiroaki , Iwashita Toshihide , Tsutsui Yoshihiro , Inoue Naoki , Kosugi Isao
Published: July 2014

Objective

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the leading viral cause of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans, with the most severe and permanent sequelae being those affecting the cerebrum. As the fetal immune reactions to congenital CMV infection in the brain and their effects on cerebral development remain elusive, our aim was to investigate primitive innate immunity to CMV infection and its effects on cerebral corticogenesis in a mouse model for congenital CMV infection using a precise intraplacental inoculation method.

Methods

At 13.5 embryonic days (E13.5), pregnant C57BL/6 mice were intraplacentally infected with murine CMV (MCMV). Placentas and fetal organs were collected at 1, 3, and 5 days postinfection and analyzed.

Results

MCMV antigens were found frequently in perivascular macrophages, and subsequently in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). With increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and proinflammatory cytokines, activated macrophages infiltrated into the infectious foci. In addition to the infected area, the numbers of both meningeal macrophages and parenchymal microglia increased even in the uninfected areas of MCMV‐infected brain due to recruitment of their precursors from other sites. A bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation experiment demonstrated that MCMV infection globally disrupted the self‐renewal of NSPCs. Furthermore, BrdU‐labeled neurons, particularly Brn2+ neurons of upper layers II/III in the cortical plate, decreased in number significantly in the MCMV‐infected E18.5 cerebrum.

Interpretation

Brain macrophages are crucial for innate immunity during MCMV infection in the fetal brain, while their aberrant recruitment and activation may adversely impact on the stemness of NSPCs, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Symmetry‐Broken Metamaterial Absorbers as Reflectionless Directional Couplers for Surface Plasmon Polaritons in the Visible Range
Authors: Ye Fan , Burns Michael J. , Naughton Michael J.
Published: July 2014

Gradient‐index meta‐surfaces have been shown to have the ability to manipulate wavefronts at will in a reflectionless manner in the GHz range, including the extreme example of converting freely propagating waves into surface waves with high efficiency. Upon approaching the optical regime, the gradient‐index concept encounters difficulties due to fabrication limitations. Here, it is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that asymmetric, periodic, two‐element metal–insulator–metal structures can serve as reflectionless directional converters between freely propagating visible photons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Coupling between propagating modes caused by the broken symmetry and localized modes generated by individual elements is shown to be the mechanism of this high‐efficiency process, yielding an observed Rabi splitting of ∼135 meV. Direct experimental evidence is obtained for reflectionless (<8% measured reflectance) directional SPP coupling in the visible range, with directionality approaching 100%. These results are meaningful for varied applications in integrated nanoplasmonics, plasmonic logic, and plasmonic light harvesting.
Germanium‐ and Silicon‐Substituted Donor–Acceptor Type Copolymers: Effect of the Bridging Heteroatom on Molecular Packing and Photovoltaic Device Performance
Authors: Kim Jong Soo , Fei Zhuping , Wood Sebastian , James David T. , Sim Myungsun , Cho Kilwon , Heeney Martin J. , Kim Ji‐Seon
Published: July 2014

The effects of heteroatom substitution from a silicon atom to a germanium atom in donor‐acceptor type low band gap copolymers, poly[(4,4′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]silole)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)‐4,7‐diyl] (PSiBTBT) and poly[(4,4′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]germole)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)‐4,7‐diyl] (PGeBTBT), are studied. The optoelectronic and charge transport properties of these polymers are investigated with a particular focus on their use for organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices in blends with phenyl‐C70‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). It is found that the longer C‐Ge bond length, in comparison to C‐Si, modifies the molecular conformation and leads to a more planar chain conformation in PGeBTBT than PSiBTBT. This increase in molecular planarity leads to enhanced crystallinity and an increased preference for a face‐on backbone orientation, thus leading to higher charge carrier mobility in the diode configuration. These results provide important insight into the impact of the heavy atom substitution on the molecular packing and device performance of polymers based on the poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b]‐dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole) (PCPDTBT) backbone.
A novel scaffold geometry for chondral applications: Theoretical model and in vivo validation
Authors: Scaglione Silvia , Ceseracciu Luca , Aiello Maurizio , Coluccino Luca , Ferrazzo Federica , Giannoni Paolo , Quarto Rodolfo
Published: July 2014

A theoretical model of the 3D scaffold internal architecture has been implemented with the aim to predict the effects of some geometrical parameters on total porosity, Young modulus, buckling resistance and permeability of the graft. This model has been adopted to produce porous poly‐caprolacton based grafts for chondral tissue engineering applications, best tuning mechanical and functional features of the scaffolds. Material prototypes were produced with an internal geometry with parallel oriented cylindrical pores of 200 μm of radius (r) and an interpore distance/pores radius (d/r) ratio of 1. The scaffolds have been then extensively characterized; progenitor cells were then used to test their capability to support cartilaginous matrix deposition in an ectopic model. Scaffold prototypes fulfill both the chemical‐physical requirements, in terms of Young's modulus and permeability, and the functional needs, such as surface area per volume and total porosity, for an enhanced cellular colonization and matrix deposition. Moreover, the grafts showed interesting chondrogenic potential in vivo, besides offering adequate mechanical performances in vitro, thus becoming a promising candidate for chondral tissues repair. Finally, a very good agreement was found between the prediction of the theoretical model and the experimental data. Many assumption of this theoretical model, hereby applied to cartilage, may be transposed to other tissue engineering applications, such as bone substitutes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2107–2119. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developing services for people with dangerous and severe personality disorders
Authors: Lavender Anthony
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the conflicting attitudes that exist within wider society and the people who deliver services for people with dangerous and severe personality disorder. The importance of recognizing the nature of these conflicting attitudes that are based on the desire for ‘punishment’, ‘keeping society safe’ and ‘treatment and care’ is discussed. Potential ways of resolving these conflicts at an organizational and practice level are explored. The resolution might involve replacing the notions and associated practices of ‘punishment’ and ‘safety’ with ‘containment’, and ‘treatment and care’ with psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation.
Concurrent Oxidation of Alcohols and the Passerini Three‐Component Polymerization for the Synthesis of Functional Poly(ester amide)s
Authors: Kan Xiao‐Wei , Deng Xin‐Xing , Du Fu‐Sheng , Li Zi‐Chen
Published: July 2014

A new polymerization method based on the Passerini three‐component reaction of a dicarboxylic acid, an alcohol, and a diisocyanide in the presence of an oxidant is reported. This polymerization involves the concurrent oxidation of alcohols by o‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and the Passerini three‐component polymerization. The kinetics of the alcohol oxidation and the Passerini reaction are investigated, and the results indicate that the cascade process can occur efficiently. The reaction conditions are optimized, and various functional alcohols are examined to get insight into the applicability of the method. Based on the optimized conditions, a variety of functional poly(ester amide)s are prepared in a one‐pot fashion via using 1,6‐diisocyanohexane, 1,6‐hexanedioic acid, different functional alcohols, and iodoxybenzoic acid. The introduction of functional pendant groups, especially alkynyl, alkenyl and epoxy groups, to the final poly(ester amide)s, provides an efficient way for further modification of the polymers.

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Recycling leather waste: Preparing and studying on the microstructure, mechanical, and rheological properties of leather waste/rubber composite
Authors: Santos Renivaldo J. , Agostini Deuber L.S. , Cabrera Flávio C. , Budemberg Eduardo R. , Job Aldo E.
Published: July 2014

Leather tanning processes cause environmental impact as a result of the generation of solid waste, wastewater, and release of gases. The improper disposal of such waste may promote the oxidation of chromium, for example, changing it from chromium (III) to chromium (VI), in which becomes extremely toxic. In this study, composites were prepared from natural rubber (NR) with industrial leather waste (Lw), varying the waste amount from 20 to 80 phr, with the aim of recycling leather waste. The microstructure, mechanical properties and rheological properties of composites were investigated. The results showed that Lw increased tensile strength and hardness, with good reproducibility, and uniformity of residuals distributed as fillers (miscible materials). These properties indicate that this composite material can be used as raw material for the manufacture of shoes, bags, upholstery, etc. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:2275–2281, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Improved bottom‐up strategy to efficiently separate hypermodified histone peptides through ultra‐HPLC separation on a bench top Orbitrap instrument
Authors: Soldi Monica , Cuomo Alessandro , Bonaldi Tiziana
Published: July 2014

Histone post‐translational modifications (hPTMs) play a crucial role in modulating chromatin structure and enforcing specific functional states on the underlying genome. Through the design of ad hoc analytical methods, MS has contributed significantly in the dissection of hPTMs, exhibiting specific strengths in identifying novel marks and assessing their combinatorial interplay. However, the comprehensive analysis of all individual isoforms of some hypermodified histone regions remains highly challenging with conventional proteomics platforms. Since complex hPTM patterns have unique functional outcomes on the genes, the implementation of new MS‐proteomics solutions can boost epigenetic research. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of a new analytical platform—which combines ultra high‐performance LC (UHPLC) with high‐resolution MS/MS analysis—in dissecting hypermodified regions from macrophage core histones. We compared the resolving power of this configuration with a standard setup based on HPLC‐MS/MS and focused on two case‐study peptides, H3 (27–40) and H4 (4–17). We observed that the novel platform resolves a much larger set of distinct peptide isoforms; among them some were resolved for the first time. A comprehensive analysis of hPTMs from macrophages was then carried out at basal state and upon lipopolysaccharide induction, to profile their temporal change in bulk chromatin during the inflammatory response.
Boron-nitride nanotube triggered self-assembly of hexagonal boron-nitride nanostructure
Authors: Li Yunfang
Published: July 2014

Molecular mechanics results show that a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) membrane can spontaneously assemble on the single-walled boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) in a scroll or helical manner, showing an interesting dependence on h-BN width.
A polymerized ionic liquid-supported B12catalyst with a ruthenium trisbipyridine photosensitizer for photocatalytic dechlorination in ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shimakoshi Hisashi , Houfuku Noriyuki , Song Xi-Ming , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: July 2014

A visible light-driven catalytic reaction efficiently proceeded in ionic liquids using a PIL-supported B12catalyst with a Ru(ii) trisbipyridine photosensitizer.
New open-framework cobalt sulfate-oxalates based on molecular and chain-like building blocks
Authors: Wang Kangcai , Luo Daibing , Xu Dingguo , Guo Furong , Liu Lin , Lin Zhien
Published: July 2014

Two open-framework cobalt sulfate-oxalates, constructed from molecular and chain-like building blocks, exhibit different extended structures: an hcb-type layer with 20-ring windows and a mog-type framework with 12-ring channels.
Charge transfer from cobaltammine complex cations to metal fluoride anions in molecular solids with novel photoelectronic effects (metal: zirconium, titanium)
Authors: Du Yu , Yu Jihong , Hong Xueming , Li Xuejin , Tian Xiaoqing
Published: July 2014

A charge transfer from a cobaltammine complex to zirconium fluoride ions occurring in molecular solids [Co(en)3](Ti2F11) is responsible for the novel photoelectronic effect.
Synthetic, structural, NMR and catalytic studies of phosphinic amide-phosphoryl chalcogenides (chalcogen = O, S, Se) as mixed-donor bidentate ligands in zinc chemistry
Authors: del Águila-Sánchez Miguel A. , Santos-Bastos Neidemar M. , Ramalho-Freitas Maria C. , García López Jesús , Costa de Souza Marcos , Camargos-Resende Jackson A. L. , Casimiro María , Alves-Romeiro Gilberto , Iglesias María José , López Ortiz Fernando
Published: July 2014

Synthesis and catalytic activity of the title compounds are reported.
Enhancing hydrogen production of microalgae by redirecting electrons from photosystem I to hydrogenase
Authors: Rumpel Sigrun , Siebel Judith F. , Farès Christophe , Duan Jifu , Reijerse Edward , Happe Thomas , Lubitz Wolfgang , Winkler Martin
Published: July 2014

The solar light-dependent hydrogen production by the [FeFe] hydrogenase HYDA1 is increased by knowledge-based modification of its native electron donor.
Multi-criteria anomaly detection in urban noise sensor networks
Authors: Dauwe Samuel , Oldoni Damiano , De Baets Bernard , Van Renterghem Timothy , Botteldooren Dick , Dhoedt Bart
Published: July 2014

The growing concern of citizens about the quality of their living environment and the emergence of low-cost microphones and data acquisition systems triggered the deployment of numerous noise monitoring networks spread over large geographical areas.
Synthesis of tumor-associated MUC1-glycopeptides and their multivalent presentation by functionalized gold colloids
Authors: Tavernaro Isabella , Hartmann Sebastian , Sommer Laura , Hausmann Heike , Rohner Christian , Ruehl Martin , Hoffmann-Roeder Anja , Schlecht Sabine
Published: July 2014

The authors present the synthesis of novel MUC1-glycopeptide antigens and their multivalent presentation by gold colloids. Their biological activity was tested in a dot-blot immunoassay experiment.
Switchable regioselectivity in the PIFA–BF3·Et2O mediated oxidative coupling of meso-brominated Ni(ii) porphyrin
Authors: Feng Chuan-Mi , Zhu Yi-Zhou , Zang Yun , Tong Yu-Zhang , Zheng Jian-Yu
Published: July 2014

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the switchable synthesis of directly linked meso-brominated Ni(ii) porphyrin dimers through PIFA–BF3·Et2O mediated oxidative coupling.
One-pot synthesis of microporous carbons highly enriched in nitrogen and their electrochemical performance
Authors: Fuertes A. B. , Ferrero G. A. , Sevilla M.
Published: July 2014

One-pot synthesis of microporous carbons highly enriched in nitrogen (>6 wt%) with enhanced supercapacitor performance.
Accountability in a School Speech and Language Program: Part I: Cost Accounting
Authors: Work Rhonda S. , Hutchinson Edward C. , Healey William C. , Sommers Ronald K. , Stevens Edward I.
Published: July 2014

A research project evaluated several aspects of a school district’s speech and language program, including cost accounting, instructional materials analysis, and service effectiveness. Program costs of services provided by the itinerant staff are reported in this first article of a series.
Biracial Testing: The Question of Clinicians' Influence on Children’s Test Performance
Authors: Ratusnik David L. , Koenigsknecht Roy A.
Published: July 2014

Six speech and language clinicians, three black and three white, administered the Goodenough Drawing Test (1926) to 144 preschoolers. The four groups, lower socioeconomic black and white and middle socioeconomic black and white, were divided equally by sex. The biracial clinical setting was shown to influence test scores in black preschool-age children.
The Use of Preprofessional Students as Communication Aides in the Schools
Authors: Hall Penelope K. , Knutson Claudia L.
Published: July 2014

A cooperative program was developed between a university and the public schools where preprofessional undergraduate students were trained as communication aides and worked in elementary schools under the supervision of a school speech clinician. The program and its outcome for the students and the children served are described.
The Incidence of Voice and Speech Deviations in a Middle School Population
Authors: Warr-Leeper Genese A. , McShea Rita S. , Leeper Herbert A.
Published: July 2014

A survey of the speech and voice skills of 999 middle-school (grades six to eight) children was conducted in a rural, university-based community. Seventeen percent of this population demonstrated inadequate voice, articulation, or fluency. The results indicate a need for continued management of youngsters with communicative disorders through the middle-school grades.
Children’s Strategies in Determining Temporal Order in Spoken Sentences
Authors: Hoskins Glee C. , Collins Carolyn S.
Published: July 2014

Second-, fourth-, sixth-, and eighth-grade children’s comprehension of temporal order was measured in center-embedded and right-embedded relative clause sentences that described a specific order of events through the variation of verb tenses in each clause. The results indicate differences in the comprehension of these sentences according to the type of embedding and the subject’s age. A variety of errors suggested that subjects used several strategies. However, an order-of-mention strategy appeared to be the major technique used to determine the temporal order of events described in each sentence. The results have educational implications regarding children’s test performance, reading comprehension, and ability to follow directions.
Articulation Training: A New Perspective
Authors: Hillard Sallie W. , Goepfert Laura P.
Published: July 2014

This paper describes the concept of teaching articulation through words which have inherent meaning to a child’s life experience, such as a semantically potent word approach. The approach was used with six children. Comparison of pre/post remediation measures indicated that it has promise as a technique for facilitating increased correct phoneme production.
Three Variations of the Imperative Format of Language Sample Elicitation
Authors: Musselwhite Caroline Ramsey , Barrie-Blackley Sandie
Published: July 2014

Language samples were elicited from 18 kindergarten and 18 second-grade subjects using three variations of an imperative sentence language sampling procedure. Variation I was a noun task in which the child was asked to describe a person, place, or thing, Variation II was a procedure task in which the child was asked to describe a procedure, and Variation III was an action task in which the child was asked to describe what his or her action would be following a hypothetical event. Six of the measures studied were found to be significantly affected by task, while eight measures were not. The results indicate a need to control the sampling procedure when eliciting language samples.
A Gestural Communication Program for Severely and Profoundly Handicapped Children
Authors: Daniloff Joanne Kelsch , Shafer Audrey
Published: July 2014

A communication program involving 21 severely and profoundly mentally retarded children was developed. All participants had failed to progress in previous therapeutic attempts directed towards communication. The success of the trial program led to its continuation the following school year. The average number of signals acquired increased from 5.5 in the trial program (Phase I) to 11.8 over the duration of a year (Phase II). Spontaneous verbalization and vocalization increased dramatically, and several participants learned to combine signals. Seizures, medication, and ability to walk were not good indicators of final progress, but successful toilet training, preprogram vocalization, and verbal behavior proved to be strong predictors of success.
Improving Speech Services for Hearing-Impaired Children in the Schools
Authors: Hochberg Irving , Schmidt Joanna L. , Solomon Loryn M. , Schiavetti Nicholas , Godsave Bruce , Burgess Eleanor
Published: July 2014

The cooperative efforts of a research facility, university training programs, and local school programs providing speech services to hearing-impaired children have resulted in the development of an experimental consortium of preservice and inservice education. The process of that development is described, including (a) a summary of a Preservice-Inservice Speech Training Project, (b) activities related to the preparation of professional personnel in preservice training programs, and (c) the design and implementation of a regionally based inservice training program for local school personnel. A working model for the development of a consortium is suggested.
Comparison of Auditory Language Comprehension Skills in Learning-Disabled and Academically Achieving Adolescents
Authors: Riedlinger-Ryan Kathryn J. , Shewan Cynthia M.
Published: July 2014

Thirty academically achieving and 30 learning-disabled adolescents were examined on a battery of auditory language comprehension tests including the Token Test, the Test of Linguistic Concepts, and the Auditory Comprehension Test for Sentences. Results indicated that 73% of the learning-disabled group scored lower than all of the control subjects on one or more of these tests. The Token Test and the Test of Linguistic Concepts were the most discriminating tests in the identification of auditory language comprehension problems. Because no one test identified all auditory language comprehension problems in this population, a test battery including these two tests is recommended. A behavioral rating scale of classroom listening skills completed by the learning-disabled participants and their teachers was not predictive of objective test performance. The importance of identifying auditory comprehension deficits in learning-disabled is emphasized.
Comparison of Three Formal Methods of Preschool Language Assessment
Authors: Mcloughlin Caven S. , Gullo Dominic F.
Published: July 2014

Three standardized language assessment measures were individually administered in counterbalanced order to 25 nonreferred, White, middle-class preschool children. Administered were the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised and the Test of Early Language Development which are primarily language-screening instruments that elicit a global language quotient. Additionally, the Preschool Language Scale which purports to measure subskills of language development was administered. Correlations among the three measures were statistically significant suggesting an interrelationship of high criterion validity. The Preschool Language Scale scores were inflated by comparison with the other two measures. The Peabody test significantly predicted 53%, 48%, and 35% of the variance in Preschool Language Scale total, verbal ability, and auditory comprehension scores, respectively. The Test of Early Language Development added less than 3% of predictive power to each of these scores. The implication for psychometrics, diagnosis of language differences, and prescription are discussed.
Description of an Ongoing Special Education Preschool Program
Authors: Childs Phyllis J. , Angst Douglas M.
Published: July 2014

Data presented support the premise that speech/language-impaired preschool children may have reading and written language deficits during their school years. Follow-up on 40 children with speech/language problems who were enrolled in a special education preschool indicates the high risk for future educational impairments.
Real-ear Masking Calibration for Portable Pure-Tone Audiometers
Authors: Robinette Martin S. , Brey Robert H.
Published: July 2014

A transformer mixing network is described which allows the calibration of broad-band masking for portable audiometers that lack a built-in mixing network. For many instruments the transformer network is preferable to the resistive network previously published.
A Study of Phonological Processes Exhibited by 3-, 4-, and 5-Year-Old Children
Authors: Haelsig Patricia Cahill , Madison Charles L.
Published: July 2014

The phonological processes exhibited by 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children were evaluated using Phonological Process Analysis. Fifty children, 10 each in 5 age groupings, with no histories of speech-language delay or disorder served as subjects. It was found that the examined processes decreased as a function of age, although several processes were rarely used by any age group and no differences related to sex were apparent. The development patterns for specific processes are discussed.
Effects of Play Materials on the Topic Performance of Preschool Children
Authors: Wanska Susan K. , Bedrosian Jan L. , Pohlman Joanne C.
Published: July 2014

This study represents an attempt to empirically support clinical intuition regarding the effects of physical context variables on pragmatic performance. Specifically, the effects of different play materials on the topic performance of 24 4- to 5-year-old children were examined. Children were divided into 12 dyads, 6 male and 6 female, and videotaped in three counterbalanced play situations: Legos, miniature hospital set , and hospital props. All topic initiations and shadings were coded for specific types of topic categories. In support of our clinical intuition, certain play situations were effective in eliciting particular types of topics, having implications for language assessment and intervention.
Remediation of Common Phonological Processes
Authors: Monahan Dana
Published: July 2014

The procedures and results of a treatment approach for remediation of common phonological processes are reported? The subjects were four kindergarten children evidencing moderate/severe phonological disorders. The approach used was effective in reducing the frequency of occurrence of all processes targeted. Generalization of target patterns was noted in untrained words for all subjects.
The Use of Cued Speech to Correct Misarticulation of /s/ and /z/ Sounds in an 8-Year-Old Boy with Normal Hearing
Authors: Schlip Carol E.
Published: July 2014

This case report describes the speech characteristics of an 8-year-old normally hearing boy and the therapy procedures used over a 2-month period. Cooperation and motivation were maintained at a high level through the use of Cued Speech to correct misarticulation of/s/and/z/sounds.
Spontaneous Language Profiles of Children with Word-Finding Problems
Authors: German Diane J.
Published: July 2014

This investigation examined children's word-finding skills in connected speech. Spontaneous language samples of normal and language-disordered children from 7- to 12-years-old were assessed as to the presence of specific word-finding characteristics. Two spontaneous language profiles emerged that were unique to children with word-finding problems. Productivity level and specific word-finding behaviors differentiated the groups. Diagnostic implications for assessing word-finding skills in connected speech were discussed.
Public School Hearing Conservation in Oregon
Authors: Pelson Rodney O. , Trestik Jill M.
Published: July 2014

This study investigated the status of public school hearing conservation in Oregon following 4 years of school district control. A questionnaire was distributed to 103 program coordinators for all school districts with elementary grades. Results demonstrated that: (a) a large number of children were excluded from program identification and management; (b) there was wide variability across programs; and (c) audiologist participation in hearing conservation was almost nonexistent in the Oregon public schools. Recommendations included the development and implementation of a minimum standard for school hearing conservation programs and the development of a certification credential for audiologists to work in the public schools. It was suggested that the Oregon Department O f Education, the Teacher Standards and Practices Commission, and representatives of the speech-language pathology and audiology community work cooperatively to improve hearing conservation services to Oregon school children.
A Pragmatic Analysis of Speech and Language IEP Conferences
Authors: Turnbull Karen Koester , Hughes Diana L.
Published: July 2014

The nature of the speech and language IEP conference and parent and clinician opinions of the conferences were investigated. Conferences had a mean length of 24 min and a mean of 3.6 participants. Eight tape recordings of conferences were coded by communication units (CUs) to determine speaker, topic, and pragmatic intent. The topic discussed most frequently was Performance of the Child and least often was Parent Program Responsibilities. The majority of the CUs were statements made by clinicians. Thus, the communicative interaction was predominantly one-way, with the clinician giving information to relatively passive parents and classroom teachers. Telephone questionnaire results indicated positive opinions, especially by parents. No significant differences were found between parents' and clinicians' answers, except on one question that addressed perceptions of the parents' role in remediation programs.
Phonological Systems of Speech-Disordered Clients with Positive/Negative Histories of Otitis Media
Authors: Churchill Janine D. , Hodson Barbara W. , Jones Barry W. , Novak Robert E.
Published: July 2014

Spontaneous object-naming utterances of two groups of articulation-disordered clients, who were considered to be normal in all areas except speech, were analyzed for phonological error patterns. Subjects with histories of recurrent otitis media during their first 24 months evidenced stridency deletion (in consonant singletons and in consonant clusters) significantly more than did the subjects who had negative otitis media histories. The most prevalent error pattern for both groups pertained to deviations involving /r,/ target phonemes. Limitations of retrospective studies and implications for future research are discussed.