bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USLUŽNO PRAVO KAO POSEBNA AKADEMSKA DISCIPLINA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Đorđević Srđan
Published: July 2022

The patience and perseverance of scientific research on a certain topic should presumably lead us to expect significant results from such research. Add to that teamwork through a seriously assembled research team, and there is no doubt that we are in the field of methodologically acceptable scientific practice in order to realize hypothetically set goals at the beginning of that journey. Taking into account the scientific research efforts and results of a group of researchers gathered around the central theme of the project defined as "XXI century - the century of services and service law", we are approaching mastering one goal defined in the project title. Therefore, it seems interesting to know the existence of preconditions for the establishment of a special academic discipline that insults exactly the name as it was determined when creating the planned scientific research. That is, the question of the justification of service law as a special academic discipline arises. In this regard, this paper will be devoted in this sense to some reasons that support the justification of the need to study this scientific discipline independently. As we will notice in the paper, there are a number of features that characterize this scientific discipline, and for these reasons there are a number of different conflict situations that in practice, through the rules of this legal discipline, must be resolved.
BIBLIOTHECA ULPIA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vladetić Srđan
Published: July 2022

Bibliotheca Ulpia was the public library in the city of Rome, established by the Emperor Traianus. It represents one of the most important libraries in the antic world, and it was the one that worked for the longest period of time. This work, at first, will give the overview of the Forum Traiani, where the library has been placed. Questions of financing library's construction, as well, as its exterior and interior design will be analyzed in this article. One of the subjects will be determination of contents of its funds and capacities for storage of library’s material. In addition, the organization of library and services provided by it are the issues analyzed in this work, together with the determination of the period it stopped with its work.
Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Perceptions of Secondary School Heads of Departments on Teacher Trainees’ Pedagogical Practices in Three Districts of Zambia
Authors:   PhD Student, Department of Graduate education and Leadership, Northern Caribbean University, Mandiville, Jamaica, Mweemba Aubrey Hibajene
Published: July 2022

Preparing a 21st-century classroom teacher has become necessary in teacher training and practice if considerable retains in education could be realized. While some content knowledge awareness efforts have materialized in the teachers’ movement, the pedagogical aspect of training needs much to be desired. This study aimed to establish the secondary school heads of departments’ perceptions of teacher trainees’ pedagogical Practices. The study design used was a quantitative exploratory factor analysis to examine an eight-factor structure of the instrument and analyze the association between variables. The study population constituted of all secondary schools’ heads of departments in three districts of Zambia. A total sample of (n=120) participants comprising heads of departments from 20 secondary schools participated in the study. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling to identify respondents since the study depended on researchers’ sense of judgment in selecting participants from the population. The 20 schools provided all the standard criteria for the choice of participants needed for the study. The instrument used in the study was a survey questionnaire adapted from Barron (2015). A pilot study on (n=43) heads of departments conducted on heads of departments who were not part of the study. The reliability of the instrument was deemed reliable after subjecting it to SPSS and gave reliability of .930. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26. The study’s significant findings showed evidence of acquisition of content knowledge among trainee teachers, implying the emphasis on training, and showed a severe lack of professional ethics among trainee teachers. However, the findings showed that the various factors extracted are near related; hence, there is a close relationship between teacher training curriculum and the pedagogical skills that trainee teachers use in classrooms. Given the nature of the 21st-century learners that teachers come in contact with, the pedagogical predicament becomes paramount for emphasis in teacher training institutions.
Evaluation of the Results of Treatment of Patients with Hernias of the Anterior Abdominal Wall
Authors:   Assistant of the department of surgical diseases of the pediatric faculty, Samarkand City Medical Association, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Republic of Uzbekistan, Botirovich Makhmudov Saydinjon
Published: July 2022

Herniology, including in our country, is one of the most rapidly developing branches of surgery today. New technologies, techniques, endoprostheses are being developed and introduced into clinical practice, clinical studies are being conducted, and the evidence base is being improved. Dozens of conferences, schools, master classes devoted to the problem of hernia surgery are organized annually in Uzbekistan, professional organizations are actively working, uniting dozens, if not hundreds of surgeons calling themselves herniologists. It is all the more surprising that so far not a single study has been conducted in our country that would allow us to assess the scale of the problem.
Effect of Dasamuladi Yogand Snigdha Agnikarmain Managementof Gridhrasi(Sciatica)
Authors: Sarmah Pratibha , Prasad Sarma Bishnu , Kalita Ranjan
Published: July 2022

Background: Gridhrasiin ayurveda mentioned under vataja nanatmaja vyadhi,with pain, numbness and heaviness being the most common feature along the course of sciatic nerve distribution starting from sphik,kati , prushtha, uru,janu, janghatill pada,Sciatica lately has become a very troublesome disease to a mass people and seemed to be increasing irrespective of gender, due to unhealthy and haphazard lifestyle. Modern medicine and surgical interventionare yet to provide a promising result, while ayurveda has opted different treatment principles for the same. Aims and objectives: Clinical study to rule out the efficacy of dasamuladi yogand snigdha agrikarmain management of gridhrasi(sciatica). Materials and methods: a randomized clinical study was done on a total of 80 number of patients diagnosed with sciatica, attending Kayachiktsa Department, in Govt. Ayurvedic College and Hospital,Guwahati. Oral intervention with Dasamuladi yogand therapeutic intervention of Snigdha agnikarmafor a period of 30 days, was provided with follow up of 15 days apart. Result: Significant changes noted in 1stfollow up, marked improvement in different symptoms were noted after completion of treatment. Conclusion: the proposed therapy can be effective and adopted as an alternative approach to treat sciatica.
Devdarubaladi Tail Matra Bastiin Janu Sandhigata Vata: A Case Study
Authors: Singh Sanju , Tiwari V. J.
Published: July 2022

Sandhigatavatais the most common form of articular disorder which may begin asymptomatically in 2ndand 3rddecade of life and is extremely common by age of 60. Among all persons by age of 40 have some pathological changes in weight bearing joint which limits their daytodays activity. In Sandhigatavatathe diseases occur in sandhii.e. joints and janusandhii.e. knee is the mostly affected joint in Sandhigatavata. Vata doshaplays the major role in this disease. In this case study effect of Devdarubaladitaila matra bastifor 21 days is assessed. The study reports significant relief in subjective parameters like Sandhishoola(joint pain), Sandhishotha(swelling), Sandhigraha(stiffness), Akunchana prasaranjanya vedana(pain during extension and flexion of joint), Sandhisphutana(crepitus).
Trataka: the Serene Consciousness
Authors: Sushmita  , Anjali
Published: July 2022

Tratakais a Yogicpractice, which means to gaze steadily. It is the practice of meditation that involves staring at a single point such as a small object, black dot or candle flame. It is primarily used to purify the mind and provides the strength to concentrate but it also improves eyesight and stimulus the brain via optic nerve. It acts as stepping stone between physically oriented practices and mental practices which lead to higher states of awareness. Trataka is explained in Shatkarma.Shatkarma is combination of six karmasof purification. The six types of karmas are: Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli and Kapala Bhati.Among those Shatkarma,Trataka destroys the eye diseases and removes sloth, etc. Itis traditionally associated with Hath Yogabut it can also be usedto achieve Raja Yoga.It forms a bridge between Hath Yogaand Raja Yoga. Yogais a traditional method of meditation of ancient India which has explained about Shatkarma.
Review on Gandhaka Druti: An UnexploredHerbo-mineral Formulation
Authors: P Baby Sangeetham , Jadar P.G.
Published: July 2022

Gandhakais a Rasa-dravyathat is commonly used in Ayurvedic practice. One of the most unique dosage forms involving Gandhakais “Gandhaka-druti,” which is a herbo-mineral formulation with an oil base indicated in various diseases. Despite its applicability in different diseases and promising results with minimum dose, the various methods of its preparation and entirety of its indication need to be explored. The present study is an effort to compile different textual references related to the formulation pertaining to its preparation and applicability beyond skin diseases along with recent research updates in order to pave way for the Ayurvedicfraternity to make utmost use of this wonder drug. Through thorough review, 13 different varieties of Gandhaka drutiwas obtained from different literature and also 8 differentstudies related to this. Most of the study was based on the popular method and other indications are still unexplored. Furthermore, research based on various indications is required in Ayurveda. The present study has reviewed the scope from the classical texts to emphasize the application of Gandhakadrutiin various conditions rather than the skin disorders.
Relation Between Gut Brain Axis and Agni
Authors: Chande Aarti , Acharya G Shripathi , Changath Sreelakshmy
Published: July 2022

"All diseases begin in the gut" -Hippocrates of Kos, this statement was made by Greek physician Hippocrates, regarded as the father of modern medicine1; although the importance of Agni(the digestive fire) has already been sold by Acharya charakawhen he states that "the cause of all diseases is Mandagni"It has become evident that the intestinal bacteria and flora can affect the central nervous system (CNS) physiology and has an important role to play in the pathological conditions of the same. The nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract are communicating through a bidirectional network of signaling pathways called the gut-brain axis, whichconsists of multiple connections, including the vagus nerve, the immune system, and bacterial metabolites and products.It is clearly visible in the case of psychosomatic disorders like Ulcerative colitis, etc. that Gut is affected by Brain and vice-versa.
Oothu Chikitsa (Blowing Therapy)-A Review on Crisis Management in Snake Bites
Authors: Sharma Swathi , F Patil Santosh , Babu H Harish , Namboodiri Bramhadattan
Published: July 2022

Background: Snake bite management is one of the perplexing tasks in present day due to shortage of envenomation therapy. It is an emergency condition requiring quick acting remedy for different symptoms. Agada Tantra (toxicology) is one such branch of ayurveda which deals with the treatment principles of envenomation by animal or plant. Few empirical textbooks on Visha chikithsaof Kerala mention a therapeutic procedure ‘Oothu chikitsa’(blowing therapy) to manage crisis of snake bite. Source:Literary review from the classical text. Indications:Classically the procedure is employed in snake bite victim presenting with diminished sensorium to both verbal and physical stimuli, by blowing a combination of drugs into the ears and over the scalp. This practice is still alive as a legacy at door-step of traditional practitioners of Kerala. Conclusion:Oothu chikitsais feasible and effective in condition where patient is losing consciousness due to envenomation. These practices need to be explored and understoodto improvise the management of envenomation and uphold its importance
Conceptual Studies on Cellular Aging and Programmed Cell Death in Light of Swabhavoparama Vadaand Kshanabhangura Vada
Authors: Majumder Bijita , Ray Sukalyan
Published: July 2022

In this universe,no living being is eternal. Birth and death are the two terminal point of life. Where we can point out to many causes of genesis, there is no absolute reason behind the annihilation of beings as it becomes certain once a creature is born , it will going to die one day. Every biological cycle has its own causes for its start-up but it has come to end one moment with no absolute cause behind for its cessation. Cells are the structural and functional unit of every living beings. Cells normally maintain a steady state called homeostasis in which the intracellular milieu is kept within a fairly narrow range of physiologic parameters. But every cell under goes aging and ultimately death. Cell death is one of the most crucial events in the evolution of disease in any tissue or organ. Cell death also is a normal and essential process in embryogenesis, the development of organs, and the maintenance of homeostasis. A number of cellular functions decline progressively with age. Cellular aging is the result of a progressive decline in the life span and functional capacity of cells. Although many theories have been propounded why the cell attains senescence and death, we still actually don’t know why these senescence and death cannot be avoided and these become certain for every cell. In absence of proper explanation, the need of the hour is to study both the phenomenon i.e. cellular aging and apoptosis in comparison with the Ayurvedicdoctrine of Swabhavoparama Vada(doctrine of natural destruction) and Buddhistdoctrine of Kshanabhangura Vada(doctrine of momentariness). The proper understanding of these eternal theories may help us to find answers of many unsolved questions regarding cell’s life cycle and can open the doors of possibilities for new research and discoveries.
A Review On Ethnomedicinal Claims Of Acanthospermum Hispidum DC
Authors: A.Patel Mital , Patel Bhupesh , Pandya Preeti
Published: July 2022

Introduction:Plants are of immense value to human health and roughly 80% of world’s population relies on them for cure of various diseased conditions. The aim of present review was to provide the all available ethnomedicinal information and research updates pertainingtoAcanthospermum hispidum DC. Materials and Methods: Information regarding ethnomedicinal claim were reviewed by using the available books with especial reference to medicinal plants compiled from books on ethnobotany and research articles available on internet till date. The obtained Information were categorized as per vernacular names, locality, used parts, therapeutic claims, type and mode of administration along with ingredients and dosage forms of the preparations. Results: Acanthospermum hispidum DC. is annual herb in the family Asteraceae, which is native to central and south America, reported in 60 countries and moist habitat throughout India. This plant used as traditional medicine for various disease condition. All parts of plants are used for medicinal purpose through both the routes i.e external and internal. Conclusion: Acanthospermum hispidum DC. conducting provable scientific studies (pharmacological and clinical) were neededto establish its multiple ethnomedicinal claims.
A Review on (Dalbergia SissooRoxb.) with special reference to its Role in Kusthaas Per Brihtrayi
Authors: kumari Pramila , Kumar sharma Ashwini
Published: July 2022

From the very first timeman has been in close contact with the flora around him. From time passing directed him to use different plants to treat various ailments. The analysis of Dravya. Rasa,Guna,Virya and Vipakaon the basis of Panchamahabhutis a remarkable landmark during samhitaperiod and classical uses are also important. There are many drugs were in practical use and the data’s recorded in the form of samhita. The present encyclopaedic study aims to high lighten the therapeutic value of Simsapa(Dalbergia sissooRoxb.)with special reference in kustha.Dalbergia sissoo(Roxb.) is one of the important plant species used for Kustha.
A Conceptual Study of Rakta Pradoshaja Vikara
Authors: Das Anamika , Sahoo Manoj Ku. , Ku.Behera Nabin , Ranjan Dash Bhagya
Published: July 2022

Rakta Dhatuis the second Dhatuformed in the body which is responsible for the sustenance of Prana. It provides Bala, Varna, Sukha and Ayusha. Disease manifestation depends upon the immune status of the Dhatu in the body, which in turn depends upon the nutrition drawn from Ahara rasa. Hence it should be safeguarded through proper Ahara and Paniyaswithout any negligence. If RaktagetsvitiatedbytheDoshasthenit leads to"Rakta PradosajaVikaras" like Mukhapaka, Raktapittaetc. It is essential to have proper knowledge about Rakta Dhatu, its physiological and pathological states and their consequences on the body. Hence an attempt is made to study and understand through the authors’ perspective about Rakta Dhatu and its Vikarain all possible ways following the fundamental treatises.
A Conceptual Review of Amlapittaw.s.r to Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Rout Diptimayee , Ku Panda Pradeep , Nayak Utkalini , Kumar Biswal Ambuja
Published: July 2022

oday due to modern life style and food habits most of the population is suffering from a common disease called as Amlapitta. Amlapittais a result of inappropriate dietary regimen or stress. Amlapittais one of the commonest diseases of Annavaha srotas(Gastrointestinal tract) caused by vitiated Agni. Here in this present paper Amlapittadisease is reviewed in detail according to Ayurvedic view and Modern view. Amlapitta is a condition where Amlaguna(Sour Taste) of Pachak pitta(gastric Juice) increases due to Samata. Amlapittahas been considered as Pitta pradhana Tridoshaja Vyadhi(compound disease caused by multiple factors). Aacharya Kashyapa has mentioned as the involvement of three Doshas in Amlapittawhile Madhavkarahas mentioned that the pitta is dominant in this disease.
A Brief Review of Ophthalmology In Indian Classical Literature
Authors: Vardhan Prabhakar , Sharma Sanjeev , Fiaz Shamsa
Published: July 2022

Shalakya Tantra existed from ancient times, however not clearly. In pre-Vedic India, copper and bronze rods (Shalaka)were used to apply Anjanas (collyria) to avoid eye problems. Even though Shalakya tantra isn't mentioned in Vedic literature, eye anatomy and illnesses were known and treated in that age. Rigveda, the oldest known treatise, mentions eye illness treatment. Yajurveda mentions various eyecomponents. Atharvaved addresses Netra's synonyms, eye disorders like akshi-yakshma, and their symptoms. In Brahmanas and Upanishadas, the eye and its functions are described, along with blindness, netrasrava, and blindness cure. Shalakya word isn't mentioned. Shalakya Tantra was defined in the Samhita period, when Ayurveda developed in eight branches. Eye illnesses induced by Vata, Pitta, Shleshma, and Sannipataare listed in Lalitvistara text of Buddhist literature. Panini calls Shalakya experts 'Shalakkii' and describes timira and arma.Eye illnesses aren't discussed in Agnivesha Tantra (Charak Samhita) in detail. In carak samhits Eye illnesses are characterised by doshicpredominance and their origin and therapy are outlined. First 19 chapters of Shalakya are on ophthalmology. Sushruta Samhita describes local ocular therapeutic measures such as Kriya kalpa (Tarpana, Putpaka, Seka, Aschyotana and Anjana) and surgical techniques for treating eye problems. His eye surgical contributions are impressive. He discovered cataract surgery perhaps first. Vagbhatta detailed newer therapy techniques as Vidalaka, Gudana, and Sandhavanjana, along with new formulations and procedures. Acharya Madhava characterised ocular ailments after Sushruta, adding Kunchana and Pakshmashata.Bhavaprakasha. Yog Ratnakar, etc. described ophthalmology similarly to Sushruta Samhita with formulations for their treatment.
A Childhood MalnutritionDeficiency in India-A Review on Karshya
Authors: Nigam Shruti Keerti , Khare Abhinav , P. Patel Shambhu , Kumar Sujit
Published: July 2022

Ayurvedaprioritisesprevention over cure. The first of the three pillars, Ahara(Food), is followed by Nidraand Brahmacharya. A balanced diet can help you avoid a lot of common health concerns. Food is significant as a nutritional source, as well as having therapeutic value, and it plays a crucial part in regaining strength lost due to the disease's detrimental effects throughout the post-treatment phase. Ayurvedicscriptures haphazardly explain nutritional issues. Childhood malnutrition is thought to be the cause of 35% of all fatalities in children under the age of five, as well as 21% of total worldwide disability-adjusted life years lost in children under the age of five. Karshyais a childhood malnutrition-like illness. Similarly, diseases described by diverse Ayurvedic authors as Parigarbhika, Phakka, Balashosha, and Shuska Revati might be linked to undernutrition based on clinical symptoms. These illnesses were linked to one another. The Ayurvedicperspective on dietary disorders such as protein-energy deficiency is highlighted in this article
Conceptual Study of Amavata: A Commonest Problem
Authors: D. Khadayata Mayurika , Shinde B.T. , Bhausaheb Suse Sandip , pandya Harsh
Published: July 2022

Amavatais made up of two words Ama & vata, Amameans incomplete formation of Annarasa;It is Diseases of Rsavahastrotas,when aggravated Vata & Amacombine Pathogenesis of AmavataOccurs. Clinical Features include Swelling & Stiffness of joints, fever & Pain. These symptoms related to Rheumatological arthritis. Due to It`s chronicity,incurability, complication, it is a challenging disease. Many allopathic drugs are prescribed for this but they give only Symptomatic relief. Ayurveda play major role here. The treatment procedure described are langhana, swedana, dipana, virechana, Basti.
Review of Previous Research Works Done on Tamak ShwasaConducted Across India and Role of Different Treatment Modalities in Tamak Shwasa
Authors: Rawat Vandana , Kumar Tripathi Arun , Tiwari P.R.
Published: July 2022

At present era, many chronic recurrent airway disorders are increasingly seen all over the global population. Tamak Shwasais one of such disorder described in Ayurveda. It is one of the variety among five types of Shwasa rogacharacterized by prolonged expiration, wheeze, dyspnoea of exceedingly deep velocity, which is immensely injurious to life. In modern science, it can be correlated with bronchial asthma. According to Ayurveda Tamak shwasais a Yapya vyadhi. It is not serious as Maha, Urdhvaand Chhinna shwasabut it is a very troublesome disease and long lasting with frequent episodes (attacks) difficult to bring under control unless quick and prompt treatment is not provided. Shodhanaand Shaman chikitsaare the important line of treatment described in Ayurvedicclassics. Shodhana karmais studied to be a necessary prerequisite in managing Shwasa roga, particularly in patients with sufficient strength, because the disease is manifested by the aggravated Prana vayuand by the obstruction of Kapha. Similary there are lots of herbal drugs and rasapreparation having Vatakaphashamak, Ushna, Vatanulomana, Shwasaharand Kasaharaproperties which seems to be very effective in the treatment of Tamak shwasa. So there are many research studies were done by various previous scholars on Shodhana karma, rasapreparation and herbal drugs to analyse their efficacy and effectiveness on the disease Tamak shwasa.
Estadística epidemiológica del suicidio adolescente durante confinamiento por pandemia de Covid-19 en Ecuador
Authors: Guarnizo Chávez Andrés Joaquín , Romero Heredia Nathaly Alejandra
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Recabar y presentar las características epidemiológicas y estadísticas del suicidio adolescente durante el periodo de confinamiento por pandemia en el año 2020 en el Ecuador. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con la información de la base de datos de muertes violentas del Ministerio de Gobierno durante el estado de excepción desde el 17 de marzo al 13 de septiembre de 2020. El análisis se llevó a cabo por provincia, sexo, edad, método de suicidio y día de la semana más frecuente de muerte. Se estimó la tasa de mortalidad de suicidio (por 100.000 habitantes) para cada provincia. Estos resultados se compararon con estadísticas del 2019 durante el mismo periodo de tiempo. Resultados: Durante el confinamiento por estado de excepción en el año 2020 en el Ecuador, se registraron 97 suicidios en adolescentes de entre 10 a 19 años de edad. Se estimó el número más alto en varones de 15 a 19 años, siendo la edad más frecuente a los 19. El día con más frecuencia de levantamiento de cadáveres fueron los lunes, y el modo preferido de suicidio fue la ahorcadura con 81 casos reportados, seguido con diferencia de la intoxicación y envenenamiento. Conclusiones: El suicidio adolescente merece una atención especial en nuestro medio, al tratarse de un problema de salud pública, en el que influyen varios factores psicológicos y emocionales, que pueden desatenderse en un contexto de pandemia y aislamiento. Es por tanto indispensable intervenciones psicosociales destinadas a mitigar los efectos mentales de la pandemia y el confinamiento, así como fomentar la prevención y los programas de salud mental en la población adolescente.
Usos y conocimientos tradicionales asociados al capulí (Prunus serotina) en una zona interandina de Ecuador
Authors: Tamayo Ortiz Christian Vicente , Mena Medina Ligia Elizabeth , Dilas-Jiménez Josue Otoniel
Published: July 2022

El estudio identifica los principales usos y conocimientos tradicionales asociados al capulí (Prunus serotina) en la parroquia García Moreno, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador. Este árbol es valorizado principalmente para: (i) Alimento de temporada para consumo familiar; (ii) Comida complementaria para crianza de especies menores; (iii) Medicina ancestral; (iv) Delimitación predial en cercas vivas; (iv) Sombra para proteger el pasto de corte; y, (v) Distracción para cuidado de niños en campo. A pesar de registrar una importante y múltiple valorización, esta especie sufre un constante proceso de deterioro amenazando su permanencia en los predios campesinos. La tala de árboles y la disminución en su consumo por falta de mano de obra para la cosecha ponen en riesgo este importante recurso biológico. Frente a estas particularidades, se hace énfasis en la necesidad del repoblamiento de la especie, generación de valor agregado mediante transformación del producto y el impulso de investigaciones que determinen diseños adecuados para su uso como componente de sistemas agroforestales.
Conceptual mapping of geography textbook content on the example of the desert biome
Authors:   Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Czechia, Trahorsch Petr , Bláh Jan Daniel ,   Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Czechia, Ryčlová Kristýna ,   Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Czechia
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study is to identify the key terms used by textbook authors when presenting desert biomes and, subsequently, to visualise the relationships between them using a conceptual map. To achieve this objective, we assessed geography textbooks using conceptual maps, which can be used to conceptualise this topic. The method used is innovative in textbook research and can be used to present results in a visual form with added value. A total of eleven university students created conceptual maps for each of the five analysed textbooks, and this was followed by a synthesis and comparison of the created maps. The effectiveness and clarity of the analysed content is one of the advantages of this visual form of analysis. The data were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the presentation of desert biomes in the textbooks we analysed is somewhat superficial, as the authors do not strive to interconnect concepts from different areas, and their conceptual maps lack higher hierarchy levels. Therefore, textbook authors should opt for a different conceptual approach to explanatory texts instead of the traditional coverage of the individual components of geographical environments.
La enseñanza remota del Laboratorio de Mecánica a nivel universitario durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Álvarez Siordia Felipe Miguel , Martínez Bautista Gerardo , Cabrera Martínez José Ignacio , Pacheco Blas María del Alba
Published: July 2022

Debido al confinamiento sanitario, la enseñanza presencial tuvo que adaptarse a la virtual. Esto planteó nuevos retos y necesidades en la forma de trabajar de los laboratorios de mecánica clásica. Dichos requerimientos debieron solventarse con diversas estrategias, ya sea que previamente estuvieran disponibles o que tuvieran que desarrollarse sobre la marcha. Al principio, se trabajó con simuladores y después con experimentos contraintuitivos desarrollados durante el aislamiento, proyectos de investigación, realidad aumentada (AR, por sus siglas en inglés), Tracker y Arduino. Entre los principales logros obtenidos podemos mencionar que los estudiantes desarrollaron mayor interés hacia el laboratorio, incrementaron sus calificaciones y se modernizó la forma de trabajo. A partir de esta experiencia, se identificaron algunas herramientas que pueden ser implementadas fácilmente en laboratorios posteriores, ya sea de forma presencial o a distancia, sin importar qué asignatura experimental sea.
Protocol: Systematic literature review of the application of the multicriteria decision analysis methodology in the evaluation of urban freight logistics initiatives
Authors: Alvarez Sandra Milena , Maheut Julien
Published: July 2022

The paper presents a protocol for conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) on the application of multicriteria decision analysis methods (MCDM) as a tool for evaluating urban freight logistics. The paper presents a protocol for conducting a systematic literature review (SLR) on the application of multicriteria decision analysis methods (MCDM) as a tool for evaluating urban freight logistics.This research topic arises from the growing interest of public and private actors in achieving objectives of reducing environmental and social impacts and/or improving operational efficiency in city logistics.The search is focused on publications comprised in the period between 2012 and 2020. Finally, with the selected works, a descriptive analysis is carried out, which allows obtaining a preliminary result of the RSL that will be developed in future research.SDGs' supported by research: SDG08 Decent Work and Economic Growth and SDG11 Sustainable Cities and Communities.
Human resource development practices and organizational performance: Examining the mediating role of transformational leadership style
Authors: Shayegan Shady , Yavari Neda , Bazrkar Ardeshir
Published: July 2022

Human resource development practices focus on the specific goals of the organization, about what needs to be done and the change that needs to be applied. The most important and effective ways of human resource development are training and development, employee involvement and professional development. The employees of the organization pointed out. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of using human resources practices on improving organizational performance with regard to the mediating role of transformational leadership style in the electricity industry in Iran. The present study was based on the purpose of an applied research and in terms of method was a descriptive-survey study. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The statistical population of the present study consisted of senior and middle managers of companies under the Ministry of Energy that were active in the Iranian electricity industry. The number of these people was estimated at 883 in the initial study, and finally, using the Cochran's formula, 268 people were selected as the sample size. After collecting data through a questionnaire, data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that human resource development practices have a positive and significant effect on the organizational performance of the companies under study.Has an effective mediating role. Since transformational leadership style is one of the prerequisites for the development of service organizations, by applying this style of leadership in the organization, as well as implementing effective measures and practices such as training with individual development approach and employee participation, organizational performance can be improved.
A Comparative Study on the Outcomes of Early and Delayed Type-1 Thyroplasty Following Unilateral Vocal Cord Palsy
Authors:   Department of ENT, Basaveshwara Medical College and Hospital, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India, Prahlada N B , Raisa S
Published: July 2022

Unilateral Vocal cord palsy typically presents with dysphonia, shortness of breath and swallowing difficulty. It can be iatrogenic, idiopathic or may occur secondary to damage to recurrent laryngeal nerve following trauma, impinging mass lesions, neurological disorders or neuro-musculoskeletal diseases, or infectious in aetiology. To study and compare the effects of Type I Thyroplasty depending on the time of presentation, that is, early and delayed presentation. Ambispective Study Design. Our study included 32 patients who presented to our Institution with history of dysphonia, diagnosed with unilateral vocal cord palsy. Depending on the duration of symptoms on presentation, patients were categorised into 2 groups, which is early subgroup who presented within 1 year of symptom onset, 21 patients and delayed subgroup who presented after 1 year of symptom onset, 11 patients. Complete preoperative evaluation including perceptual analysis of voice quality, acoustic measures of voice quality, Aerodynamic measures of voice quality, quality of life measure, tele laryngoscopy was done. All patients underwent Type I Thyroplasty and were followed up at 2 weeks, 1 months, 3 months and 6 months, with follow up criteria including perceptual analysis of voice, MPT and VHI-10. Out of 32 patients, Male to female ratio was 26 : 6, with mean age of presentation being 47 years. The laterality of the palsy was R: L → 4: 28. When compared to the Delayed subgroup, early Subgroup had significant improvement in outcomes with respect to GRBAS Scale, VHI-10 and MPT. Keywords: Unilateral vocal cord palsy, Early & Delayed
Menampilkan Kristen yang Ramah Terhadap Adat Roh Nenek Moyang di Tanah Batak dengan Pendekatan Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Rumbay Christar Arstilo , Hutasoit Binsar , Yulianto Tunggul
Published: July 2022

Agama Kristen menampilkan kearogansian dan superioritas terhadap kebudayaan penyembahan roh nenek moyang di tanah Batak. Hal ini menyebabkan pertarungan dan pergulatan antara agama dan budaya, selain itu ruang publik menjadi tempat untuk saling melakukan penetrasi. Pendekatan pendidikan Agama Kristen menawarkan pendekatan yang lebih ramah sehingga agama Kristen bisa lebih menunjukan sikap kolaboratif dan reseptif karena mengedepankan karakter, moralitas, kebangsaan dan multikulturalisme. Sebagai akibatnya, pendidikan agama Kristen bersikap antroposentris, memusatkan perhatian pada nilai-nilai luhur manusia dan tidak mempersalahkan kebudayaan dengan ketentuan dokmatika agama.
Coach-athlete relationship, team cohesion and motivation in Brazilian youth athletes: a cluster analysis
Authors: Freire Gabriel Lucas Morais , Contreira Andressa Ribeiro , De Moraes José Fernando Vila Nova , De Oliveira Daniel Vicentini , Fiorese Lenamar , Do Nascimento Junior José Roberto Andrade
Published: July 2022

Purpose.

This study investigated whether coach-athlete relationship development through sport was influenced by demographic factors, team cohesion, and motivation variables in Brazilian youth sport participants.

Methods.

The research involved 301 young athletes (136 boys and 165 girls) participating in the final phase of the School Games. They were aged 14–17 years (mean: 16.03 ± 0.83 years). The survey used assessed demographic variables, the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, the Sport Motivation Scale, and the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire. The data were investigated with a cluster analysis, chi-squared test, and multivariate analysis of variance (p < 0.05).

Results.

The study revealed more female participants in the high coach relationship cluster (p = 0.010), as well as a stronger association of futsal and handball with high coach-athlete relationship quality, and of basketball with low coach-athlete relationship quality (p = 0.002). When compared with the low coach relationship cluster, youth sport participants in the high coach relationship cluster presented higher scores for social cohesion (p = 0.001), task cohesion (p = 0.001), and autonomous motivation regulations (p: 0.003–0.001).

Conclusions.

Such findings suggest that coaches should seek to encourage group cohesion for both task and social cohesion, thus motivating athletes to meet the demands of the sporting context.
Optimization of the gas-air path system parameters for trapping automotive fuel vapors
Authors: Ter-Mkrtich'yan G. G. , Terenchenko A. S. , Glaviznin V. V. , Mikerin N. A. , Shabanov S. A.
Published: July 2022

Introduction (statement of the problem and parameters relevance). The composition of the mixture of air and gasoline vapors differs in air and vapors ratio when purging the absorber at different time of the car operation. Therefore, the air-fuel mixture entering the engine for afterburning can create uncertainties in lambda control.

The purposeof the research was to determine the main features of lambda regulation in an unstable fuel-air mixture.

Methodology and research methods. An analysis of the mixed air and fuel vapor flows entering the engine during absorber purge was made. The composition and quantity effect of this mixture on the excess air coefficient was determined. The main parameters of air and gasoline vapor mixture in the fuel tank vapor space were established.

Scientific novelty and results. An equation obtained testifies that the excess air coefficients in the flows of the fuel-air mixture relate to the mixture flow rate during absorber purge. The requirements for the composition of the fuel-air mixture leaving the absorber have been formulated. In order not to exceed these values the threshold values of short-term fuel supply were corrected and the relative mass flow value rate of gasoline vapors from the tank in relation to the air flow rate purge was determined.

Practical significance. The factors limiting the flow sections of the absorber gas-air paths and the optimal ratios of the flow sections were determined on the example of a two-chamber absorber to exclude excessive enrichment of the fuel-air mixture entering the engine during purge.
EFEK MEDIASI KEPUASAN KERJA DAN PENGARUH STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA
Authors: Radito Thomas Aquinas , Lourensius L T Nerys , Mursidi Ismail , Srining Prapti Meniek
Published: July 2022

This study aims to examine and analyze the role of job satisfaction in mediating the effect of job stress on employee performance. The research was conducted on permanent employees of Tk Hospital. III 04.06.03 Dr. Soetarto Yogyakarta. 150 respondents were used as the sample. The role of mediation will be tested by comparing the direct effect of job stress on performance with the effect of job stress on employee performance by including job satisfaction as an independent variable. Testing using Regression analysis. The results showed that when the Job Satisfaction variable was included as an independent variable, the effect of the Job Stress variable which was previously significant became insignificant. The decrease in the value of the B coefficient from 0.360 to 0.191 and the significance value which was originally significant at 0.001 to not significant at 0.054 indicates that the Job Satisfaction variable fully mediates the effect of work stress on performance
Assessing the ward councillors' leadership characteristics and their impact on service delivery in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality
Authors:   , Mbandlwa Zamokuhle
Published: July 2022

The local government level is considered as the first level of government that is closer to the people and expected to deliver the needs of the people. The ward councillors are entrusted with the responsibility of delivering the public services at local government level and also entrusted with control of the government resources of local government. The individual leadership characteristics of ward councillors contribute to how decisions are made at local government level and eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality as a big metropolitan in the country is viewed as a very important municipality, which is expected to produce effective leaders who will protect the image of the municipality and at the same time attract more investors from other countries to invest in the municipality and create employment opportunities for the people. The leadership characteristics of ward councillors have certain elements that can easily satisfy the needs of the people if they are applied effectively. The majority of ward councillors who participated in this study had a positive attitude towards the assessments of their leadership characteristics, but some individuals did not find it useful to participate in some of the questions due to personal reasons. Most of the ward councillors indicated that they found it difficult to fully participate in the making of by-laws, primarily because they lack the understanding of the local government policies; while others have lost interest in participating because the majority always make decisions against their wishes or views. The mixed methods approach for this particular study was used because the study seeks to discover human actions, institutions, events and customs with the aim of constructing what is being studied in sufficient depth and detail. This approach is more relevant to investigate service delivery issues in the municipality. A sampling size table developed by Krejcie and Morgan (2011:607-610) was used to determine that 86 participants formed an appropriate sample size for this study. Simple random sampling was used for this study because the whole population and sampling frame were available. The primary data was collected through self-administered questionnaires that were personally administered by the researcher to the ward councillors
The Role of Collaborative Learning in the Online Education
Authors: S. Lu Hwangji , Smiles Robert
Published: July 2022

Collaboration or teamwork is indispensable in today’s workplace. The continual and increasingly rapid change in the external environment requires professionals equipped with unique skill sets to work together and solve problems collaboratively. It is the higher education institution’s responsibility to prepare students for the necessary skills expected by the employers. Collaborative learning is an active learning approach that two or more students team up toward common goals. The knowledge and product are created through the active, social, and engaging process. Students develop communication, interpersonal, metacognitive thinking, and problemsolving skills, as well as their understanding of the diverse perspectives for real-world profession-related situations. Furthermore, working in a team could reduce student’s feelings of isolation in the online learning environment. As such more and more online programs incorporate collaborative learning into their curricula. In this paper, the benefits, challenges, and solutions to challenges in collaborative learning are presented and discussed.
Challenges and Implementation of Universal Health Coverage Program in Indonesia
Authors: Rizky Perdana Naufal , Adhasari Gayatri , Puspitaloka Mahadewi Erlina
Published: July 2022

The existence of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) implementation means that everyone in Indonesia will have access to the health services they need, when and where they need it, without financial hardship. It covers a wide range of essential health services, from health promotion to prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and miscellaneous care. Many countries are already making progress towards UHC, although the ubiquity of the global covid-19 pandemic is impacting the availability of health systems' ability to provide undamaged healthcare. All countries can take action to move more quickly towards UHC despite the setbacks caused by the pandemic, or to maintain the gains they have made. Indonesia continues to strive to realize Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through the implementation of the National Health Insurance-Healthy Indonesia Card (JKN-KIS) program whose program has been implemented by the government since 2014. Since the enactment of the policy on providing health services for the community through the National Health Insurance and the Healthy Indonesia card (JKN-KIS) by the Government, there have been more than 40 million people who have not been registered as participants in the National Health Insurance-Healthy Indonesia Card (JKN-KIS) program. This study uses a qualitative method by making a literature review with the aim of making it affordable for those whose health has not been protected through JKN-KIS services. As a recommendation in efforts to accelerate the achievement of UHC, the government must be committed to reducing the level of inequality between provinces and regions as well as regions in Indonesia, by building better health infrastructure and facilities, including a more even distribution of health workers in provinces with a UHC service coverage index that is still low.
Estimating Emissions of Methane Consistent with Atmospheric Measurements of Methane and δ13C of Methane
Authors: Basu Sourish , Lan Xin , Dlugokencky Edward , Michel Sylvia , Schwietzke Stefan , Miller John Bharat , Bruhwiler Lori , Oh Youmi , Tans Pieter P. , Apadula Francesco , Gatti Luciana Vanni , Jordan Armin , Necki Jaroslaw , Sasakawa Motoki , Morimoto Shinji , Di Iorio Tatiana , Lee Haeyoung , Arduini Jgor , Manca Giovanni
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We have constructed an atmospheric inversion framework based on TM5 4DVAR to jointly assimilate measurements of methane and δ13C of methane in order to estimate source-specific methane emissions. Here we present global emission estimates from this framework for the period 1999–2016. We assimilate a newly constructed, multi-agency database of CH4 and δ13CH4 measurements. We find that traditional CH4-only atmospheric inversions are unlikely to estimate emissions consistent with atmospheric δ13CH4 data, and assimilating δ13CH4 data is necessary to deriving emissions consistent with both measurements. Our framework attributes ca. 85 % of the post-2007 growth in atmospheric methane to microbial sources, with about half of that coming from the Tropics between 23.5° N and 23.5° S. This contradicts the attribution of the recent growth in the methane budget of the Global Carbon Project (GCP). We find that the GCP attribution is only consistent with our top-down estimate in the absence of δ13CH4 data. We find that at global and continental scales, δ13CH4 data can separate microbial from fossil methane emissions much better than CH4 data alone can, and at smaller scales this ability is limited by the current δ13CH4 measurement coverage. Finally, we find that the largest uncertainty in using δ13CH4 data to separate different methane source types comes from our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, specifically the distribution of tropospheric chlorine and the isotopic discrimination of the methane sink.