bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TASAWUF SEBAGAI SOLUSI BAGI PROBLEMATIKA KEMODERNAN: Studi Pemikiran Tasawuf M. Amin Syukur
Authors: Thohir Umar Faruq
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article aims to elaborate Sufism thought of Amin Syukur. Hepositioned Sufismas one of the solutions to the problems of modernity who have lost the vision of divinity that result in psychological symptoms, namely spiritual emptiness. Then, the people would become stress and worry wart because of their hopless feeling. For this reason, M. Amin Syukur endorsed the problems of modernity with always optimistic, positive thinking, resting every intention and good deeds only to worship God and sharing (solidarity) for fellow creatures of God. In addition, he recommends to remember (al-żikr) to Godhowever, whenever, and wherever. Remembering God can calm the soul (sakīna) and mind that will affect the nerve, the nerve will affect the glands, the glands will produce healthy liquid. Healthy liquid which is a calm soul effect which will make man have the "immune power" against all diseases. In medical the termis called psycho-neuroen docrine immunology. Furthermore, according to Amin Syukur, problems of modernity can besolved by Sufism through methods like ma'rifa Allāh obtained via stairs of ma'rifa al-nafs, ma'rifa al-nās, and ma'rifa al-kawn. Abstrak: Artikel bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi pemikiran tasawuf Amin Syukur. Ia memposisikan tasawuf sebagai salah satu solusi terhadap problematika kemodernan ini yang sudah kehilangan visi keilahian yang mengakibatkan timbulnya gejala psikologis, yaitu adanya kehampaan spiritual. Akibatnya, orang akan menjadi stres dan gelisah karena merasa tidak mempunyai pegangan hidup. Untuk alasan ini, Untuk alasan ini, M. Amin Syukur mengarahkan penyelesaian problematika kemodernan ini dengan selalu optimis, berpikir positif, menyandarkan setiap niat dan perbuatan baik hanya untuk ibadah kepada Allah dan berbagi (solidaritas) untuk sesama makhluk ciptaan Allah. Selain itu, ia juga menganjurkan untuk selalu ingat (al-dzikr) kepada Allah bagaimana pun, kapan pun, dan dimana pun. Mengingat Allah dapat menenangkan (sakīnah) jiwa dan pikiran yang akan berpengaruh pada syaraf, syaraf akan memengaruhi kelenjar, kelenjar akan mengeluarkan cairan yang sehat. Cairan sehat yang merupakan efek jiwa tenang ini akan menjadikan orang memiliki "daya kebal" terhadap segala penyakit, yang dalam istilah medis disebut psycho neuroen dokrin immunology. Lebih jauh lagi, menurut M. Amin Syukur, problematika kemodernan ini dapat diselesaikan dengan tasawuf melalui metode ma'rifah Allāh yang diperoleh melalui tangga ma'rifah al-nafs, ma'rifah al-nās, dan ma'rifa al-kawn. Keyword: Sufism, ma'rifah al-nafs, ma'rifah al-nās, ma'rifa al-kawn, and immune power.
KONSEP AL-NAFS DALAM KAJIAN TASAWUF AL-GHAZᾹLĪ
Authors: Burlian Paisol
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article will elaborate on al-nafs (soul) which is an essential part of human nature. The Sufis divide understanding al-nafs in three senses. First, al-nafs is a substance that distinguishes human qualities with other creatures. Second, al-nafs is the cause of man to be creative and dynamic, through the process of inspiration and contemplation. Therefore, the level of quality of the nafs is different. In the literature of Sufism, the nafs can be transformed from a trend that is closest to the bad action to the level of closeness to the divine tenderness. Third, the nafs is the impulse of anger and lust, and urge all reprehensible nature, and immoral in mind. Sufi Sunni, al-Ghazālī calls nafs as the center of the potential upset, and the base of the despicable nature. Therefore, al-nafs need to be purified so that the properties of self perverted man disappeared. Road purification al-nafs is riyāḍah and mujahadah who constantly so al-nafs is ultimately up to the level of the nafs al-muṭmainnah. Abstrak: Artikel ini akan mengelaborasi tentang al-nafs (jiwa) yang merupakan bagian yang penting dari hakikat manusia. Para sufi membagi pengertian al-nafs ini dalam tiga pengertian. Pertama, al-nafs merupakan substansi yang membedakan kualitas manusia dengan makhluk yang lain. Kedua, al-nafs merupakan penyebab manusia menjadi kreatif dan dinamik, melalui proses inspirasi dan tafakur. Karena itu, tingkatan kualitas nafs orang berbeda-beda. Dalam literatur tasawuf, nafs ini dapat ditransformasikan dari kecenderungan yang paling dekat pada tindakan buruk sampai ke tingkat kedekatan pada kelembutan ilahi. Ketiga, nafs ialah dorongan amarah dan syahwat, serta dorongan segala sifat tercela, dan maksiat dalam batin. Seorang sufi Sunni, al-Ghazālī menyebut nafs sebagai pusat potensi marah, dan pangkal dari sifat tercela. Karena itu, al-nafs ini perlu disucikan agar sifat-sifat tercela itu lenyap dari diri manusia. Jalan penyucian al-nafs adalah riyāḍah dan mujāhadah yang terus-menerus sehingga al-nafs pada akhirnya sampai pada tingkat nafs al-muṭmainnah. Keywords: al Nafs, laṭīfah al-rabbāniyah, sufi, al-Quran, dan al-Sunnah.
MENYOAL KESENJANGAN ANTARA DAS SOLLEN ISLAM DENGAN DAS SEIN PRAKSIS KEHIDUPAN KAUM MUSLIMIN
Authors: Suyono Yusuf
Published: January 2021

Abstract:This paper embarks from the question why the valuable Islamic ethics cannot be ethos grounded in the nation-state Muslim majority country-including in Indonesia? Phenomena such as the majlis taklim, majlis dhikr, interest pilgrimage exceeds the quota, the Islamic banking activity is equally excited, is real. However, it is not enough. Muslims should master the science, economics, and the strategic role of national politics. Islamic ethics is Dassollen, the Muslims condition is DasSein. ProphetMuḥammad has abled to unite Das sein andDassollenin his life, because Islam hasbecomehis bloodso that he is a mirror and store front of Islampar excellence. Muslims, as his follower, not been able todo like him. Al-Amir ArsalanSyākib, Muḥammad ‘Abduh, MohammadIqbal, Muḥammadal-Ghazālī, Ḥassan Ḥanafihavetried to formulatehow tobridge the gapbetween Das sollenandDasSein forMuslims. Theyhave adeep concern about thewide gapbetweenDasSeinpraxis in life of Muslims with DassollenIslamicteachings in slogan ya’lu walā yu’la ‘alaih. Whileatthe same timetheyseehowthe berufethos of Calvinismcouldencouragethe ethos ofmoderncapitalismto its adherentsin Western Europe, a Zen Buddhistethoscouldpushthe Japaneseintothe Asiantigers, andspirit Confucius encouragethe Korean peopleintothe Asiandragon. Abstrak:Tulisan ini berangkat dari pertanyaan mengapa etika Islam yang adiluhung itu tidak bisa membumi menjadi etos bangsa di negara-negara yang mayoritas penduduknya Muslim–termasuk di Indonesia. Fenomena seperti majlis taklim, majlis zikir, minat menunaikan ibadah haji melebihi kuota, aktivitas perbankan syariah tak kalah bersemangat, adalah nyata. Namun, itu tidak cukup. Umat Islam seharusnya lebih dari itu dalam penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan, ekonomi, dan peran strategis politik kebangsaan. Etika Islam itulah Das Sollen, keadaan kaum Muslimin itulah Das Sein. Muhammad Rasulullah telah mampu menyatukan Das Sein dan Das Sollen dalam hidupnya. Hal itu dikarenakan Islam telah menjadi darahnya sehingga beliau adalah cermin dan etalase Islam par excellence. Kaum Muslimin, sebagai pengikutnya, belum mampu berbuat seperti uswah mereka itu. Al-Amir Syakib Arsalan, Muhammad Abduh, Mohammad Iqbal, Muhammad al-Ghazali, Hassan Hanafi telah berusaha menformulasikan bagaimana menjembatani jurang pemisah antara Das Sollen dan Das Sein kaum Muslimin itu. Semuanya itu karena didorong oleh keprihatinan melihat betapa dalam dan menganganya jurang antara Das Sein praksis kehidupan Umat Islam dengan Das Sollen ajaran Islam yang ya’lu wa lā yu’lā ‘alaih itu. Sementara di saat yang bersamaan mereka melihat betapa etos beruf Calvinisme bisa mendorong etos Kapitalis¬me modern bagi pemeluknya di Eropa Barat, etos Buddha Zen bisa mendorong bangsa Jepang menjadi macan Asia, dan spirit Konfucian (Kong Hu Cu) mendorong bangsa Korea menjadi dragon Asia. Keywords:filsafat Islam, dialektika sirkular, etika Islam, filsafat Iqra’, Das Sollen, dan Das Sein.
KRITIK AL-GHAZĀLĪ TERHADAP PARA FILOSOF
Authors: Munir Ghazali
Published: January 2021

Abstract: al-Ghazālīcalled Bahrul Mughriq (an ocean away) because he mastered various sciences: Fiqh , Uṣūl , Mantiq and Theology. The number of contradictory religious beliefs, and the influence of Greek philosophy, arose doubt about what is right and what is wrong . Then he learned all the knowledge to get ‘Ilm Yaqin can clearly reveal the knowledge of the mutakallimun, Shiite Baatinites ( Isma'ilism ), philosopher and sufism, so he left his carrier. He did not accept simply of religious truth, without knowing the reason. He divided the philosopher into three: ad- Dahriyyun (materialists),ath-Thabi'iyyun (naturalists), Ilahiyyun (Theists). In philosophy, there are 20 issues , 3 of those mark philosophers as unbelievers, and other is bid’ah. Three of those are: the world eternity, unknowable particulars of God, and no physical resurrection. Abstrak: al-Ghazālī, seorang ulama yang menguasai berbagai ilmu pengetahuan: Fiqh, Ushul, Mantiq (Logika) dan Ilmu Kalam, sehingga ia memperoleh sebutan Bahrul Mughriq (lautan yang menenggelamkan). Banyaknya aliran keagamaan yang sering bertentangan dan pengaruh filsafat Yunani ke dalam pemikiran umat Islam, sehingga menimbulkan syak (kebimbangan, keraguan) tentang mana yang benar dan mana yang salah. Kemudian ia mempelajari seluruh ilmu untuk mendapatkan ‘Ilmu Yaqin yang dapat mengungkap secara jelas yaitu ilmunya para mutakallimun, Syi’ah Batiniyah (Isma’iliyah), filosof dan sufi, sehingga ia meninggalkan jabatan dan kedudukannya. Ia tidak bertaklid tanpa mengetahui alasannya. Filosof ada tiga macam: ad-Dahriyyun (materialis), ath-Thabi’iyyun (naturalis) dan Ilahiyyun (theis). Dalam filsafat terdapat 20 persoalan, 3 diantaranya menjadikan filosof kafir, dan lainnya bid’ah. Tiga (3) itu adalah: Pendapat tentang keazalian alam, pendapat bahwa Tuhan tidak mengetahui juz’iyyat (rinci), dan kebangkitan jasmani tidak ada. Keywords: syak, ‘ilm al-yaqīn, al-Dahriyūn, al-Ṭabi'iyūn, Ilāhiyūn
IBN MISKAWAIH Filsafat al-Nafs dan al-Akhlāq
Authors: Safii Safii
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Ibn Miskawayh known not only in philosophy but also in other fields of scientific disciplines, such as history and Arabic literature. Even through one of his master piece, entitled Tahżīb al-Akhlāq wa Tatkhīr al-A’rāq name is becoming increasingly popular in many parts of the world. On this occasion the author deems it necessary to show the figure of Ibn Miskawayh by stressing his thoughts on the study of the study of nafs philosophy and morals. According to Ibn Miskawayh explained that between the soul and the sense that one is.That is the soul and intellectin his view can not be distinguished. Even sense to him it is one of the power of the forces that existin the soul and is a manifestation of the existence of the soul it self. Thus it can be said that there a son bagi¬nya is one proof for the existence of the soul. Abstrak: Ibn Miskawaih dikenal tidak hanya dalam bidang filsafatnya melainkan juga dalam bidang disiplin keilmuan lainnya, seperti sejarah dan sastra Arab. Bahkan melalui salah satu master piece-nya yang berjudul Tahżīb al-Akhlāq wa Tatkhīr al-A’rāq namanya menjadi semakin populer di berbagai belahan dunia. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis memandang perlu untuk menampilkan sosok Ibn Miskawaih ter¬sebut dengan stressing kajian pada telaah pemikirannya tentang filsafat al-nafs dan al-akhlak-nya. Menurut Ibn Miskawaih menerangkan bahwa antara jiwa dan akal itu satu adanya. Artinya jiwa dan akal dalam pandangan¬nya tidaklah dibedakan.Bahkan akal baginya justru merupakan salah satu daya dari daya-daya yang ada dalam jiwa dan merupakan manifestasi dari adanya jiwa itu sendiri. Dengan demikian dapatlah dikatakan bahwa akal bagi¬nya me¬rupakan salah satu bukti bagi adanya jiwa. Keywords: akhlak, filsafat, Yunani, al-nafs, al-akhlāq
TAKDIR DAN KEBEBASAN MENURUT FETHULLAH GÜLEN
Authors: Haderi Anang
Published: January 2021

Abstract:Destiny and free will is one of issues in Islamic theology which is still discussed by Moslem theologian up to now. This discussion has yielded some streams with its argumentation respectively. Included who intense to discuss this issue is muḥammad Fethullah Gülen. At a glance, he offers to explain the issue in his own way without following one of the streams. He introduces some key terms, like Imām Mubīn, Kitāb Mubīn, Lauḥ Maḥfūẓ, Formal or Theoretical Destiny, actual destiny. Terms are Gülen’s exclusive. The article will elaborate the explaination of Gülen relating to the destiny and free will. The purpose is to map what is he follows the streams or he has interpretation in himself. For this reason, I will spread out briefly views of theologian before, i.e. these streams of Mu’tazili, al-Asy’arite, Matūridite Samarkand dan Matūridite Bukhārā. By this way it will be seen clearly where is the position of Gülen and what is contribution of his thinking. Abstrak: takdir dan kebebasan adalah isu teologi Islam yang masih diperbincangkan oleh para teolog hingga sekarang. Perdebatan ini telah melahirkan berbagai aliran dengan pen¬dapat¬nya masing-masing. Termasuk yang juga intens mem¬bahas isu ini adalah Muḥammad Fethullah Gülen. Sekilas, ia berusaha menjelaskan isu ini dengan caranya sendiri tanpa mengikuti salah satu aliran tersebut. Ia mengenalkan be¬berapa istilah kunci, seperti Imām Mubīn, Kitāb Mubīn, Lauḥ Maḥfūẓ, takdir formal, takdir teoritis, dan takdir aktual. Istilah-istilah ini merupakan khas Gülen. Tulisan ini akan mengelaborasi penjelasan Gülen mengenai takdir dan ke¬bebas¬an tersebut. Tujuannya adalah memetakan apakah ia mengikuti aliran-aliran teologi yang sudah ada ataukah ia mempunyai pemaknaan sendiri ter¬hadap persoalan ini. Untuk alasan ini, penulis akan me¬mapar¬kan secara singkat pendapat para teolog sebelumnya, yakni aliran-aliran Mu’tazi¬lah, al-Asy’ariyah, Mātūridiyah Samarkand dan Mātūridiyah Bukhārā. Dengan cara ini akan terlihat dengan jelas di mana¬kah posisi Gülen dan apa kontribusi dari pemikirannya itu. Keywords: Imām Mubīn, Kitāb Mubīn, Lauḥ Maḥfūẓ, takdir formal, takdir aktual.
SIKAP DAN PANDANGAN ORANG-ORANG YAHUDI TERHADAP ISLAM
Authors: Saidurrahman Saidurrahman
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article discusses on the attitude of the Jews who claim to be the chosen people sourced from theological doctrine handed down from one generation to the next. Although existentially Jews acknowledge other nations, but it was limited to the recognition of their existence, not on fundamental rights possessed. With that understanding, attitude and outlook superior to the other nations causing them easily perform a variety of cruel acts beyond the limits of humanity. History has recorded that the relationship between Muslims with Jews always tinged tensions for the sake of suspense. Of course, the tensions arising from unfair attitude that made the Jews in many aspects. Al-Quran and Hadith following historical facts, as the main source of this article, informing us that the attitudes of the Jews against Muslims tend pejorative other than brutal. Criticism for the sake of criticism and even physical violence often they are addressed to Muslims. It happens in every time and opportunity, not only at the time of the apostles before the Prophet Muhammad, on his future until the time we were the attitude of the Jewish people never change. Abstrak: Artikel membahas tentang sikap orang-orang Yahudi yang mengklaim sebagai bangsa pilihan bersumber dari doktrin teologis yang diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya. Meskipun secara eksis¬tensial orang-orang Yahudi mengakui bangsa-bangsa lain, namun pengakuan itu hanya sebatas pada keberadaan mereka, bukan pada hak-hak dasar yang dimiliki. Dengan pemahaman itu, sikap dan pandangan lebih superior dibanding dengan bangsa-bangsa lain menyebabkan mereka mudah melakukan berbagai tindakan kejam di luar batas peri kemanusiaan. Sejarah telah merekam bahwa hubungan antara kaum Muslimin dengan orang-orang Yahudi selalu diwarnai ketegangan demi ketegangan. Tentu saja, ke¬tegangan itu muncul akibat sikap tidak fair yang dilakukan orang-orang Yahudi dalam banyak aspek. Al-Quran dan hadis berikut fakta sejarah, sebagai sumber utama dalam tulisan ini, menginformasikan kepada kita bahwa sikap dan pandangan orang-orang Yahudi terhadap umat Islam cenderung peyoratif selain brutal.Kecaman demi kecaman bahkan kekerasan fisik kerap mereka tujukan kepada umat Islam. Hal itu terjadi dalam setiap waktu dan kesempatan, tidak hanya pada masa rasul-rasul sebelum Rasulullah Muhammad saw, pada masa beliau hingga masa kita pun sikap orang-orang Yahudi tidak pernah berubah. Keywords: Yahudi, Taurat, al-Quran, Zionisme, Nabi Muhammad.
PERJALANAN SINGKAT PERKEMBANGAN FILSAFAT ILMU
Authors: Hermawan Hermawan
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Philosophy of science is part of the philosophy that answers some questions about the nature of science. This field learn the basics of philosophy, assumptions and implications of science, which includes, among others, natural sciences and social sciences. Here, the philosophy of science is closely related to epistemology and ontology. The philosophy of science seeks to explain issues such as: what and how a concept and can be called as a scientific statement, how the concept was born, how science can explain, predict and utilize nature through technology; how to determine the validity of an information; formulation and use of the scientific method; kinds of reasoning that can be used to obtain a conclusion; and the implications of scientific methods and models to society and to science itself. In this regard, this article will present a brief history of the development of philosophy of science to how the contribution of Islam to establish the philosophy of science. Thus it would be seen clearly similarities and differences in the aspects of epistemological, ontological, and axiological of various schools of philosophy that has developed: rationalism, empiricism, and Islam. Abstrak: Filsafat ilmu adalah bagian dari filsafat yang menjawab beberapa pertanyaan mengenai hakikat ilmu. Bidang ini mempelajari dasar-dasar filsafat, asumsi dan implikasi dari ilmu, yang termasuk di dalamnya antara lain ilmu alam dan ilmu sosial. Di sini, filsafat ilmu sangat berkaitan erat dengan epistemologi dan ontologi. Filsafat ilmu berusaha untuk dapat menjelaskan masalah-masalah seperti: apa dan bagaimana suatu konsep dan pernyataan dapat disebut sebagai ilmiah, bagaimana konsep tersebut dilahirkan, bagaimana ilmu dapat menjelaskan, memperkirakan serta memanfaatkan alam melalui teknologi; cara menentukan validitas dari sebuah informasi; formulasi dan penggunaan metode ilmiah; macam-macam penalaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan; serta implikasi metode dan model ilmiah terhadap masyarakat dan terhadap ilmu pengetahuan itu sendiri. Berkaitan dengan ini, artikel ini akan memaparkan sejarah singkat perkembangan filsafat ilmu hingga bagaimana kontribusi Islam dalam membangun filsafat ilmu tersebut. Dengan demikian akan terlihat dengan jelas kesamaan dan perbedaan aspek-aspek epistemologis, ontologis, dan aksiologis dari berbagai macam aliran filsafat yang sudah berkembang: rasionalisme, empirisme, dan Islam. Keywords: filsafat ilmu, rasionalisme, empirisme, al-Quran.
KEHIDUPAN SUFISTIK PADA PONDOK PESANTREN BIBAḤRI ‘ASFARAḤ SANANREJO, TUREN, MALANG
Authors: Musthofa Musthofa
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The article will explore the sufi’s life at the Islamic boarding school (pesantren) Bibaḥri ‘Asfarah Sanarejo, Turen, Malang. The focus of study is the practies and how they practice to become a sufi, how their circumstance of mind when practicing, and how their circumstance of mind after practicing. The santri who never studying at the Pesantren can be divided three categories: al-Fussāq, al-Fusyl, and al-Abriyā’. The method used to a sufi’s life are mapped in two kinds of practices namely inward (bāṭiniya) and outward (lahiriya) practices. The inward practices include ṣalawat (prayer for the Prophet Muhammad pbuh), istighāṡah (mass prayer), asmā’ al-ḥusnā (reciting name of God), Yāsīn recital. The outward practices include spiritual traveling, cleaning the pesantren environment, installing paving and ornaments, making bricks, taking care of animal, becoming a sectary and treasures of the pesantren. Those inward practices are called riyāḍah (the spiritual excercise). The soul circumstances (aḥwāl) while performing those practices could be described that they feel muḥāsabah (introspective), wuṣūl (pure), happy, excited, khauf (fearful), and rajā’ (hopeful). Asbtrak: Artikel ini akan memaparkan kehidupan sufistik di Pondok Pesantren Bibaḥri ‘Asfarah Sanarejo, Turen, Malang. Fokus bahasan adalah amalan-amalan dan tata cara para santri dalam mengamalkan ajaran tasawuf sehingga mereka layak disebut sufi, keadaan jiwa selama dan setelah mereka mengamal ajaran tasawuf. Santri yang belum mondok dibagi dalam tiga kelompok: al-Fussāq, al-Fusyl, dan al-Abriyā’. Jalan yang santri tempuh menuju kehidupan sebagai sufi, antara lain, melalui pengamalan-pengamalan yang dipetakan menjadi dua jenis: pengamalan bersifat lahiriah dan batiniah. Yang termasuk pengamalan batiniah adalah pengamalan ṣalawat, istighāṡah, asmā’ al-ḥusnā, membaca surat Yāsīn; sedangkan pengamalan lahiriahnya adalah musafir, membersihkan lingkungan pondok, memasang paving dan ornament, mencetak bata, memelihara binatang, sekretaris, dan bendahara pondok. Pengamalan lahiriah ini disebut riyāḍah. Keadaan-keadaan jiwa mereka (aḥwāl) mengamalkan ajaran tasawuf akan merasakan pengalaman-pengalaman spiritual (spiritual experience) seperti muḥāsabah, wuṣūl, senang, gembira, khauf, dan rajā’. Di lain pihak, para santri yang telah mengamalkan ajaran tasawuf tersebut akan mengalami perubahan yang baru seperti merasa senang, gembira, beriman, ṣaddiq, tenteram, wuṣūl, yakin, tawaḍu’, zuhud, dan ikhlas. Keywords: al-Fussāq, al-Fusyl, al-Abriyā’, tasawuf, dan sufi.
SINERGI IMPLEMENTASI ANTARA PENDIDIKAN AKIDAH DAN AKHLAK MENURUT HAMKA
Authors: Kasmali Kasmali
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the implementation of educational creed has a very close relationship with moral education. Creed became the foundation for the implementation of morals. Didsari deeds and djiwai by faith will lead to actions directed, planned, so awake from shirk. True and strong faith will bring a noble character and strong. All that is done is a reflection of the strength of faith, so that the behavior is done is correct behavior and sincere, reflecting the behavior of worship to God. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang implementasi pendidikan akidah memiliki hubungan yang sangat erat dengan pendidikan akhlak. Akidah menjadi landasan bagi pelaksanaan akhlak. Perbuatan yang didsari dan djiwai oleh akidah akan menimbulkan perbuatan yang terarah, terencana, sehingga terjaga dari perbuatan syirik. Akidah yang benar dan kuat akan memunculkan akhlak yang mulia dan kuat. Semua yang dilakukan merupakan cerminan dari kekuatan akidah, sehingga perilaku yang dilakukan merupakan perilaku yang benar dan ikhlas, mencerminkan perilaku ibadah kepada Allah. Keywords: akidah, akhlak, iman, syirik, pendidikan.
MAKNA HIDUP BAGI PENGIKUT AJARAN TAREKAT QADIRIYAH WA NAQSYABANDIYAH (TQN) DI SUKAMARA KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Soleha Soleha
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Tarekat Qadiriyah wan Naqsyabandiyah yang ada di desa Sungai Pasir Kecamatan Pantai Lunci Kabupaten Sukamara Kalimantan Tengah merupakan salah satu komunitas tarekat yang memiliki ruang gerakan dalam menyebar luaskan serta melestarikan ajaran sufi dengan menggunakan metode dzikir sebagai bentuk pelaksanaan dari ajaran tasawuf. Selain menjalankan aktifitas ritual para anggota tarekat ini juga memiliki dimensi kehidupan yang salah satunya adalah melakukan pemahaman terhadap kehidupan bermakna. Hal ini menjadi sebuah tolak ukur penting dalam meneliti perkembangan keagamaan yang ada di Indonesia. Komunitas tarekat yang ada di desa Sungai Pasir pada dasarnya memiliki ikatan emosional sesama anggota tarekat dengan ikatan normatif yang ada di dalam kelompok mereka sesuai dengan ajaran yang ada di dalam tasawuf. Namun demikian mereka juga memiliki tujuan dari sebuah komunitas yang salah satunya adalah mencapai ridha Tuhan. Keywords: Sukamara, Makna Hidup, Victor Frankl, Guru, murid, manaqiban, dzikir.
A review on wind turbines gearbox fault diagnosis methods
Authors: Gu H. , Liu W. Y. , Gao Q. W. , Zhang Y.
Published: January 2021

As an renewable and clean energy of the world, wind energy has gained more and more attention and its fault diagnosis becomes more and more important. The gearbox, as the kernel component of the wind turbine system, it’s robust conditions have a great influence on the whole wind turbines system. Wind turbine gearbox has complex structure, which is usually composed of solar planetary gearbox and cylindrical gearbox. In the process of operation, various kinds of faults easily occur, resulting in serious losses. Once the wind turbine gearbox is not functioning as smoothly as it could be, it may result in large economic losses for the company and owner. At the same time, the failure rate of wind turbine gearbox has always been high because of complicated mechanic structure and special motion. Therefore, the tasks of reducing the downtime and increasing the productivity of wind turbine gearbox are urgent. This paper reviewed some research results of faults diagnosis on wind turbines gearbox, such as time-frequency analysis method, vibration based methods, nondestructive testing methods, etc. Meanwhile, this paper finds out some key problems and the channel of the resolution of the issue in order to supply some information for the further research of wind turbines gearbox.
The global stability of the Schumpeterian dynamical system
Authors:   Institute of Applied Mathematical Research of the Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirillov Alexander N. , Sazonov Alexander M. ,   Institute of Applied Mathematical Research of the Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

In this article, we present the studies that develop Schumpeter’s theory of endogenous evolution of economic systems. An approach to modeling the limitation of economic growth due to the limitation of markets, resource bases and other factors is proposed. For this purpose, the concept of economic niche volume is introduced. The global stability of the equilibrium of the dynamical system with the Jacobi matrix having, at the equilibrium, all eigenvalues equal to zero, except one being negative, is proved. The proposed model makes it possible to evaluate and predict the dynamics of the development of firms in the economic sector.
Mathematical modeling of cancer treatment
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Goncharova Anastaciya B. , Kolpak Eugeny P. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Rasulova Madina M. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Abramova Alina V. ,   N. N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

The paper proposes mathematical models of ovarian neoplasms. The models are based on a mathematical model of interference competition. Two types of cells are involved in the competition for functional space: normal and tumor cells. The mathematical interpretation of the models is the Cauchy problem for a system of ordinary differential equations. The dynamics of tumor growth is determined on the basis of the model. A model for the distribution of conditional patients according to four stages of the disease, a model for assessing survival times for groups of conditional patients, and a chemotherapy model are also proposed.
The Prevalence of Diabetes in Autistic Persons: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tromans Samuel , Yao Guiqing , Alexander Regi , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta , Kiani Reza , Al-Uzri Mohammed , Chester Verity , Carr Richard , Morgan Zoe , Vounzoulaki Elpida , Brugha Traolach
Published: January 2021

Background:

It has been proposed that autistic individuals are at an increased risk of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Improved understanding of diabetes prevalence in autistic persons will help inform resource allocation for diabetes-related public health measures for this patient group.

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review of published literature pertaining to type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence in autistic individuals, including comparison with their non-autistic peers.

Methods:

Eligibility criteria included studies investigating the prevalence of diabetes in autistic individuals, as well as having been published in the English language. A systematic search of online databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE and PubMed) was conducted on 4thApril 2020. Additional approaches included the ancestry method, grey literature searches and expert consultation. Studies were qualitatively analysed with reporting quality appraised.

Results:

19 eligible studies were identified, 7 of which provided type-specific diabetes prevalence data. Of 15 studies that included a non-autistic control group, 9 reported a higher diabetes prevalence among autistic persons, with a statistically significant difference in 4 studies. Studies demonstrating a higher diabetes prevalence in autistic groups had higher average study population sizes and reporting quality ratings.

Conclusion:

It is uncertain whether diabetes is significantly more prevalent in autistic persons relative to their non-autistic peers, though larger studies suggest a trend in this direction. Nevertheless, diabetes is a significant public health issue for the autistic community, which may require a tailored approach for identification and management. Prospero database registration number: CRD42019122176.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Enhancing the Applying of Knowledge Areas in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) Industry
Authors: Maliha Mohammed N. , Tayeh Bassam A. , Abu Aisheh Yazan I.
Published: January 2021

Background:

The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the sectors that contribute the most to the Palestinian economy. However, it now suffers from many problems, one of which is not adopting new innovations, such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). BIM recently achieved far reaching consideration in the AEC industry.

Aim:

This research aimed to understand the contribution of BIM to the enhancement and application of Knowledge Areas (KAs) in the AEC industry in Palestine.

Methods:

A quantitative survey was utilized in the pilot study. Thirty copies of the questionnaire were dispersed to respondents from the target group. The completed questionnaires were analyzed to test for statistical validity and reliability. After the pilot study, the questionnaire was validated and dispersed to the entire sample, comprising respondents from the target group who were selected by convenience sampling. Eighty copies of the questionnaire were dispersed, and 71 copies of the questionnaire were obtained from the respondents with a response rate of 88.8%.

Results:

To draw meaningful results, the gathered information was analyzed by utilizing quantitative data analysis techniques, including the RII, Pearson correlation analysis, and Factor analysis.

Conclusion:

The results illustrated the extent of enhancing the application of KAs in the AEC industry using BIM technology from the highest to lowest as follows: Cost Management (CM), Time Management (TM), Resource Management (REM), Procurement Management (PROM), Scope Management (SCM), Stakeholder Management (STM), Integration Management (IM), Quality Management (QM), Communication Management (COM), Risk Management (RM), and Safety Management (SM). As an example, BIM is effectively applied to each KA, and high efficiency is achieved when BIM is applied to TM by 4D modeling; to CM by 5D modeling; to REM by collaboration; to PROM by quantity takeoff; to SCM by element-base; to STM and IM by using integrated project delivery; to QM by using clash detection; to COM by centralized, structured data management, and information flow; to RM by constructability; and to SM by automated safety code checking.
The Nurse as an Information Broker for Children with Terminal Illness: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Adistie Fanny , Mediani Henny S. , Lumbantobing Valentina B.M. , Maryam Nenden N.A. , Hendrawati Sri
Published: January 2021

Background:

Providing care for children with a terminal illness is a great challenge for nurses and might be very complex. Several roles can be performed while providing nursing care.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to identify the roles of nurses in providing nursing care to children with terminal illness and explore the nurse's perspective on how they perform their role in caring for children with terminal illness.

Methods:

This research was conducted qualitatively with a content analysis approach. In-depth interviews with 8 nurses and focus group discussion with 7 nurses were the data collection methods used in this study. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling with inclusion criteria for nurses who were willing to participate in this research with a minimum education of diploma degree in nursing, and having at least 3 years of working experience in the pediatric ward.

Results:

Based on the nurses’ perspectives, their role as a communicator, counselor, collaborator, advocator, educator, and also as care provider make them an information broker for children with terminal illnesses and their families.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, while performing the roles, nurses must have good communication skills and knowledge related to the condition of the child as well as the ability to work with other healthcare teams with the purpose of providing holistic and comprehensive care for children with a terminal illness.
Perceptions on Abortion and Long-acting Contraceptive Use among Women of Reproductive Age in Selected Nigerian States: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Victor Chima , Olagunju Olalekan , Saeed Balsam Qubais
Published: January 2021

Background:

It is estimated that over 210 million pregnancies occur each year, with almost half of these unplanned. The evidence further shows that about 76 million of these unplanned pregnancies occur in the developing world, with 19% ending in induced abortion and 11% of these abortions being unsafe. In sub-Saharan Africa, 2.2 unplanned pregnancies occur each year, with many of these in Nigeria. Reports show that 760,000 abortions occur each year in Nigeria, resulting in about 20,000 deaths. Abortion is greatly stigmatized in Nigeria, and the lack of a legal framework to support access to abortion services necessitates women to seek abortion services in unsafe places. This study, therefore, examines the perception of women regarding abortion (prevalence and stigma) and long-acting contraceptive (LARC) use in Nigeria.

Methods:

We performed secondary data analysis of round 5 of performance monitoring and accountability (PMA) in seven states of Nigeria for women in reproductive age (n = 11,284). Responses with regard to abortion incidence, perceptions on stigmatization and LARC use were examined using chi-square (χ2) analysis and binary logistic regression models.

Results:

Socio-demographic factors examined were found to be significantly associated with the perception that abortion was common; however, women who were educated to any level were twice more likely to report abortion being common in their communities compared to women who agreed that abortion was shameful. Place of residence was a significant factor and women resident in rural areas were more likely to undergo an abortion (OR = 1.34, 95% CI= 1.21 – 1.48). Further, married women (OR = 15.18, 95% CI=7.40 – 31.11) were 15 times more likely to use LARC.

Conclusion:

Perceptions that abortion is common and that it is a shameful practice were found to be underlying contributors to the use of LARC in Nigeria. However, the most significant influence was found to be exerted by respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Therefore, government and implementing agencies must develop an intervention to scale-up the use of LARC in Nigeria, and the framework should consider how to tackle socio-demographic barriers to access of contraceptive uptake as this would not only help increase the contraceptive prevalence rate but also reduce mortality from abortions.
The Effect of Innovative Leadership and Creative Leadership to Organizational Learning, Organizational Adaptation and Adaptive Performance
Authors: Riza M Faisal , Nimran Umar , Musadieq M. Al , Utami Hamidah Nayati
Published: January 2021

An integrative model of the influence of innovative leadership and creative leadership on adaptive performance was developed and tested. Organizational learning, and organizational adaptation were treated as intermediary variables. To achieve the purpose of the research, the model was developed as indicated and analyzed using SEM with Smart-PLS. The results, suggest that the effect of innovative leadership on adaptive performance is positive and insignificant, this means that the better innovation leadership will tend to increase adaptive performance, even though the increase is not significant. But rest variables have direct effect positive and significant, as well as indirectly effect. Specifically, innovative leadership and creative leadership affect adaptive performance indirect through their effects on organizational learning, and organizational adaptation are positive and significant. In general, findings of the study support major findings of previous studies, extend and integrate previous models, in which they are discussed.
Rumah Tinggal Tan Tjwan Bie di Surabaya: Studi Langgam Arsitekturnya
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Santoso Joko Triwinarto
Published: January 2021

In the social stratification created by the Dutch colonial government, Chinese community in the Netherlands Indies occupied the second place, after Europeans. They live scattered in various cities, one of them is Surabaya. In this city they also settled in the second place after the indigenes in terms of numbers. Tan Tjwan Bie, one of them, was known as the founder of Kebon Agung sugar factory in Malang. With the financial ability, he was able to hire Cosman Citroen, one of the leading architects in the Netherlands Indies, and Gerard Pieter Adolfs, an internationally reputed painter, to design his mansion, as well as a prominent contractor of Nedam appointed to build it until its completion in 1928. At that time, modern architecture was growing rapidly. As a collaborative work of various prominent parties with different backgrounds, this building is worthy of being examined in its architectural style. This paper aims to identify the extent of the influence of modern architecture on this mansion. This study used a combination method of historical, qualitative descriptive, and graphics methods. The result shows that various styles of modern architecture which were popular at the time could be found in the design of his mansion.
Place Memory Masyarakat pada Bangunan Cagar Budaya di Kota Palopo
Authors:   Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andi Djemma Palopo, Nurhijrah Nurhijrah , Fisu Amiruddin Akbar ,   Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andi Djemma Palopo
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the extent to which people can participate in efforts to preserve cultural heritage in the city of Palopo. Community participation is measured based on their cognition attachment to cultural heritage buildings in Palopo City. Cognition can be seen from how people can recall how the characteristics of cultural heritage buildings in Palopo City (place memory). Data were collected by interview technique and analyzed by the content analysis technique. The analysis results show that the form of place memory of the Palopo City community towards cultural heritage buildings can be categorized into the location of the building, the function of the building, the physical characteristics of the building. The attachment of the Palopo City community towards cultural heritage buildings is evidenced by the efforts to preserve. Therefore, it is hoped that the results of this study can be one of the considerations for the preservation of cultural heritage buildings in Palopo City.
Pengembangan Permukiman Nelayan Kingking dan Karangsari Tuban Melalui Pendekatan Urban Assemblage
Authors:   rogram Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Langlangbuana Bandung, Indonesia, Santri Tyas
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is an archipelago country with a sea larger than the mainland, so it is undeniable that in Indonesia there are many fisherman settlements. Often fishermen settlements in Indonesia are marginalized in the development of maritime and service industries and even become victims of the activities of the utilization of coastal areas by the private sector engaged in tourism, industry, and services. The fisherman settlement community is not getting a positive impact from the development, therefore this study aims so that the fisherman settlement community can get a positive impact from the development of the surrounding area. This research takes a case study in the fisherman settlements of Kingking and Karangsari in Tuban Regency, East Java. The approach used in this research is the urban assemblage approach to reveal socio-cultural knits as a cultural force that shapes the sustainability of the place. The urban assemblage approach will be supported by search methods which will then be analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The search was carried out through literature review and field surveys. This research presents the results in the form of a mapping of knits between culture, social, the economy as the cultural strength of the Kingking and Karangsari fisherman settlements with the surrounding tourist areas. The results of this study can be considered by the government and local communities in planning the development of coastal areas or fisherman settlements into tourist destinations.
Geomorfología natural del territorio municipal de Chía, Cundinamarca/Colombia
Authors: Castiblanco Sierra Miguel Angel
Published: January 2021

El artículo se centra en la descripción y explicación de los aspectos geomorfológicos naturales para el municipio de Chía, localizado en la Cordillera Oriental colombiana. La caracterización a escala 1:25.000 se fundamenta en el enfoque conceptual “sistema morfogénico” y en revisión documental; la zonificación se elabora a partir de la interpretación de insumos, el análisis de variables, la aplicación de geotecnologías y el trabajo de campo. Los factores condicionantes han determinado la conformación de cinco ambientes morfogénicos: periglaciar heredado, estructural, coluvio-aluvial, fluvio-lacustre y fluvial, cada uno con geoformas específicas; en la morfodinámica sobresalen los procesos fluviales activos, con desbordes periódicos para los valles aluviales Bogotá y Frío. Al final, se muestra un panorama preliminar de la intervención humana sobre los relieves y modelados naturales, y se indica la relevancia de los resultados para los futuros estudios antropogeomorfológicos.
Anáglifo, fotointerpretação e imagens do Google Earth como alternativa para elaboração do mapeamento geomorfológico da Serra do Corpo Seco- Ituiutaba-MG (Brasil)
Authors: Miyazaki Leda Correia Pedro , Gomes Amanda Aparecida Gomes de Oliveira
Published: January 2021

O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi elaborar um mapeamento geomorfológico do relevo residual denominado Serra do Corpo Seco, tendo em vista que é considerado como um dos produtos cartográficos relevantes para subsidiar o planejamento ambiental. Para isso, foi utilizado um procedimento metodológico que envolveu o método anáglifo (para gerar uma imagem 3D), a fotointerpretação e imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial disponíveis no Google Earth, além disso, foi necessário utilizar o ambiente computacional dos aplicativos Stereo Photo Maker e QGIS. O resultado obtido foi satisfatório, uma vez que as bases cartográficas disponíveis e acessíveis, até o momento, não permitiram a realização de mapeamento utilizando pares estereoscópicos de fotografias aéreas. A partir dessas técnicas foi possível espacializar os principais compartimentos geomorfológicos, as feições hídricas e de relevo, o que resultou na identificação de aspectos importantes do relevo local. O documento cartográfico elaborado é uma importante ferramenta que poderá subsidiar o planejamento ambiental da área, pois apresenta uma série de informações de caráter geomorfológico relevantes para os gestores do município, principalmente no que tange à proteção da Serra do Corpo Seco, que é reconhecida pela população como um patrimônio natural e cultural. Espera-se que esse procedimento metodológico possa auxiliar outros pesquisadores na elaboração de mapeamentos geomorfológicos, visando cada vez mais otimizar a elaboração desse tipo de mapa.
Método para identificação e caracterização morfométrica de depressões fechadas em áreas de carste subjacente: exemplo da Bacia Sedimentar da Paraíba, Brasil
Authors: Vital Saulo Roberto de Oliveira , Barreto Alcina Magnólia Franca , Sallun Filho William , Santos Caio Lima dos
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo pretende divulgar um método para identificação, mapeamento e caracterização morfométrica de depressões fechadas em áreas de carste subjacente. A região analisada encontra-se localizada na zona costeira do Brasil e constitui uma de suas bacias sedimentares costeiras, a Bacia Sedimentar da Paraíba. Nessa área, ocorrem bacias fechadas sobre unidades litoestratigráficas de natureza carbonática, recobertas por sedimentos arenoargilosos inconsolidados, indicando um possível carste. No intuito de compreender sua gênese, foram utilizados dados topográficos advindos de cartas topográficas e de Modelos Digitais de Elevação (MDE) para a identificação de padrões de drenagem radial centrípeta e delimitação dos divisores das bacias fechadas. A partir de então, percebeu-se que o MDE apresentou grande potencial para distinção de padrões de drenagem com maior nível de detalhe. Assim, foi possível inferir características morfométricas importantes, tais como: grau de elipsidade e sinuosidade acima de 1, relação profundidade/diâmetro abaixo de 0,1, áreas acima de 1 km2 e drenagens centrípetas, as quais indicaram, principalmente, forte controle estrutural, evolução predominantemente horizontal e infiltração difusa, que são características típicas de bacias poligonais. Os dados mencionados se mostraram bastante eficientes e satisfatórios, uma vez que permitiram compreender particularidades genéticas primordiais para o estudo de feições dessa natureza.