bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dispersion forces in chirality recognition – a density functional and wave function theory study of diols
Authors: Aniban Xaiza , Hartwig Beppo , Wuttke Axel , Mata Ricardo A.
Published: May 2021

We analyse how dispersion interactions impact chirality recognition, both in the structure and energy of diol clusters.
Dual-functional coordination polymers with high proton conduction behaviour and good luminescence properties
Authors: Liu Xue-Ting , Wang Bin-Cheng , Hao Biao-Biao , Zhang Chen-Xi , Wang Qing-Lun
Published: May 2021

Dual-functional coordination polymers could detect Cr2O72− as fluorescent sensors and their composite membrane materials have high proton conduction behavior.
Effective fluoride removal using granular bauxite filter media as an affordable and sustainable alternative to activated alumina
Authors: Cherukumilli Katya , Steiner Max , Ray Jessica R.
Published: May 2021

Column filters can effectively adsorb fluoride using bauxite, an abundant natural mineral ore, instead of activated alumina, an expensive and industrially refined media.
Adjuvant treatment and molecular mechanism of probiotic compounds in patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy
Authors: Zheng Cihua , Chen Tingtao , Lu Jiachen , Wei Kehong , Tian Huakai , Liu Weidong , Xu Tian , Wang Xinyu , Wang Shuai , Yang Rong , Yang Yulu , Liu Zhaoxia , Wei Hong , Deng Xiaorong
Published: May 2021

In the present study, probiotic compounds were studied through clinical and animal model verification to try to find auxiliary treatment measures after gastrectomy, and explore their potential mechanism.
Structural evolution of toll-like receptor 7/8 agonists from imidazoquinolines to imidazoles
Authors: Kaushik Deepender , Kaur Arshpreet , Petrovsky Nikolai , Salunke Deepak B.
Published: May 2021

TLR7/8 agonists are emerging as promising vaccine adjuvant candidates. An evolution of imidazole based TLR7/8 agonist from imidazoquinoline based scaffold is delineated along with the elaboration of detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) in each chemotype.
Manipulating atomic defects in plasmonic vanadium dioxide for superior solar and thermal management
Authors: Ke Yujie , Zhang Bikun , Wang Tao , Zhong Yaxu , Vu Tuan Duc , Wang Shancheng , Liu Yang , Magdassi Shlomo , Ye Xingchen , Zhao Dongyuan , Xiong Qihua , Sun Zhimei , Long Yi
Published: May 2021

A pioneering perspective to modify the VO2 LSPR at an atomic level, resulting in high tunability and great potential in several applications targeting light and thermal management.
Identification of epigenetic regulators in the estrogen signaling pathwayviasiRNA screening
Authors: Ren Yun , Liu Yan , Wang Hailin
Published: May 2021

This work identifies epigenetic regulators of estrogen signaling through siRNA screening and assesses their diagnostic and prognostic value in breast cancer.
Controlling the shape and size of BiOBr sheets by varying the bromine source and reactant concentration
Authors: Shen Guodong , Pu Yongping , Cui Yongfei , Jing Panpan , Sun Runjun
Published: May 2021

BiOBr sheets of tunable shape and size can be obtained by controlling the raw materials and reactant concentration.
Ultrasensitive version of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) utilizing a nicking and extension chain reaction system
Authors: Ju Yong , Kim Hyo Yong , Ahn Jun Ki , Park Hyun Gyu
Published: May 2021

An ultrasensitive version of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) utilizing a nicking and extension chain reaction system, termed nicking and extension chain reaction system-based amplification (NESBA), was developed.
Anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement in low dimensional resonant nanostructures due to imperfections
Authors: Wang Hongying , Cheng Yajuan , Fan Zheyong , Guo Yangyu , Zhang Zhongwei , Bescond Marc , Nomura Massahiro , Ala-Nissila Tapio , Volz Sebastian , Xiong Shiyun
Published: May 2021

The anomalous thermal conductivity enhancement by defects in resonant structures proves the phonon resonant coupling and provides further freedom for tuning thermal transport.
Effects of polyethylene glycol on the surface of nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Shi Liwang , Zhang Jinqiu , Zhao Man , Tang Shukun , Cheng Xu , Zhang Wenyuan , Li Wenhua , Liu Xiaoying , Peng Haisheng , Wang Qun
Published: May 2021

The Effects of Surface Polyethylene Glycol on Nanoparticles' Fate. a. Mechanical properties. b. Stability. c. Drug encapsulation. d. Plasma proteins adsorption. e. Mucus penetration. f. Active targeting. g. Cellular internalization. h. Circulation time. i. Blood clearance.
Pd(ii)-Catalyzed regioselective functionalization of antipyrines: synthesis of pyrazolono-maleimides and pyrazolono-quinones
Authors: Sonowal Priya , Bhorali Pratiksha , Sultana Sabera , Gogoi Sanjib
Published: May 2021

Pd(ii)-Catalyzed regioselective functionalization of antipyrines with maleimides and quinones is reported.
Designing lanthanide coordination nanoframeworks as X-ray responsive radiosensitizers for efficient cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Hanjie , Ye Kun , Huang Xiaoting , Lin Xia , Ma Li , Chen Tianfeng
Published: May 2021

A series of three-dimensional Ln-based coordination nanoframeworks were designed and shown potential as efficient and low toxic X-ray responsive radiosensitizers for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Interfacial growth of 2D MOF membranes via contra-diffusion for CO2 separation
Authors: Jiang Shuangshuang , Shi Xinli , Zu Yucong , Sun Fuxing , Zhu Guangshan
Published: May 2021

A simple, effective, and environmentally-friendly method to fabricate 2D MOF membrane via the contra-diffusion method was reported. The membrane exhibited high CO2 permeance and excellent selective permeability of CO2 over N2 and CH4.
A mixed ion-electron conducting network derived from a porous CoP film for stable lithium metal anodes
Authors: Cao Xin , Wang Qian , Wang Hangchao , Shang Zhicheng , Qin Jinli , Liu Wen , Zhou Henghui , Sun Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

CoP@Li||LFP showed superior cycle stability at high C-rates, showing the strength of the mixed ion-electron conducting host derived from porous CoP.
Triazolate-based pillarplexes: shape-adaptive metallocavitands via rim modification of macrocyclic ligands
Authors: Guan Shengyang , Pickl Thomas , Jandl Christian , Schuchmann Leon , Zhou Xiaoyu , Altmann Philipp J. , Pöthig Alexander
Published: May 2021

Rim-modified pillarplexes are prepared by a macrocycle-templated synthesis strategy. They exhibit a shape-adaptive behaviour and complementary H-bonding, showing that rim modification can modulate the flexibility and functionality of the cavitand.
Controllable fabrication and self-assembly of Cu nanostructures: the role of Cu2+ complexes
Authors: Yang Lan , Su Jiangbin
Published: May 2021

Cu2+ complexes in aqueous solution would spontaneously arrange into a certain soft template, which determines the fabrication and self-assembly routes and the final products of Cu nanostructures.
High performance polypyrrole/SWCNTs composite film as a promising organic thermoelectric material
Authors: Liu Zhaohua , Sun Jiye , Song Haijun , Pan Yicheng , Song Yufei , Zhu Yuehong , Yao Yuanyuan , Huang Fengli , Zuo Chuncheng
Published: May 2021

PPy/SWCNTs composite films with high thermoelectric performance were prepared by chemical interfacial polymerization under a controlled low temperature.
Hysteresis abated P2-type NaCoO2 cathode reveals highly reversible multiple phase transitions for high-rate sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Reddy Boddu Venkata Rami , Palanisamy Manikandan , Sinha Lichchhavi , Yadav Subhash Chand , Pol Vilas G. , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: May 2021

The optimized synthesis parameters of a P2-type NaCoO2 cathode were determined to be 750 °C and 28 h, achieving a well-ordered structure with highly reversible multiple phase transitions for high-rate sodium-ion batteries.
Liposomes for oral delivery of protein and peptide-based therapeutics: challenges, formulation strategies, and advances
Authors: Jash Apratim , Ubeyitogullari Ali , Rizvi Syed S. H.
Published: May 2021

Schematic representation describing the fate of protein/peptide-based therapeutics loaded liposomes from oral administration to site-specific intestinal delivery to circulation.
Structural control of self-healing silica–poly(tetrahydropyran)–poly(ε-caprolactone) hybrids
Authors: Fan Wei , Youngman Randall E. , Ren Xiangting , Yu Donghong , Smedskjaer Morten M.
Published: May 2021

The relations between molecular structures, mechanical properties, self-healing, and biodegradation are clarified in a novel series of ternary inorganic–organic hybrids.
Engineering next-generation bioinks with nanoparticles: moving from reinforcement fillers to multifunctional nanoelements
Authors: Bakht Syeda M. , Pardo Alberto , Gómez-Florit Manuel , Reis Rui L. , Domingues Rui M. A. , Gomes Manuela E.
Published: May 2021

The incorporation of nanoparticles is an emerging strategy to develop advanced nanocomposite bioinks with (multi) functional properties that improve the bioactivity and regenerative potential of 3D bioprinted constructs.
Organoboron compounds constructed through the tautomerization of 1H-indole to 3H-indole for red OLEDs
Authors: Xia Guoqi , Qu Cheng , Zhu Yunlong , Ye Kaiqi , Zhang Zuolun , Wang Yue
Published: May 2021

3H-Indole-containing emitters able to realize red fluorescent OLEDs possessing concurrently high efficiencies and good colour coordinates were synthesized through a tautomerization reaction.
Targeted next-generation sequencing identifies ABCA4 mutations in Chinese families with childhood-onset and adult-onset Stargardt disease
Authors: Qu Ling-hui , Jin Xin , Zeng Chao , Zhou Nian-gou , Liu Yan-hong , Lin Ye
Published: May 2021

Background: Stargardt disease (STGD) is the most common form of juvenile macular dystrophy associated with progressive central vision loss, and is agenetically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Molecular diagnosis is of great significance in aiding the clinical diagnosis, helping to determine the phenotypic severity and visual prognosis. In the present study, we determined the clinical and genetic features of seven childhood-onset and three adult-onset Chinese STGD families. We performed capture next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the probands and searched for potentially disease-causing genetic variants in previously identified retinal or macular dystrophy genes.

Methods: In all, ten unrelated Chinese families were enrolled. Panel-based NGS was performed to identify potentially disease-causing genetic variants in previously identified retinal or macular dystrophy genes, including the five known STGD genes (ABCA4, PROM1, PRPH2, VMD2, and ELOVL4). Variant analysis, Sanger validation, and segregation tests were utilized to validate the disease-causing mutations in these families.

Results: Using systematic data analysis with an established bioinformatics pipeline and segregation analysis, 17 pathogenic mutations in ABCA4 were identified in the 10 STGD families. Four of these mutations were novel: c.371delG, c.681T > G, c.5509C > T, and EX37del. Childhood-onset STGD was associated with severe visual loss, generalized retinal dysfunction and was due to more severe variants in ABCA4 than those found in adult-onset disease.

Conclusions: We expand the existing spectrum of STGD and reveal the genotype–phenotype relationships of the ABCA4 mutations in Chinese patients. Childhood-onset STGD lies at the severe end of the spectrum of ABCA4-associated retinal phenotypes.
A combined model reference adaptive control law for multirotor UAVs
Authors: Abdul Ghaffar Alia Farhana , Richardson Thomas , Greatwood Collin
Published: May 2021

Model reference adaptive control (MRAC) offers the potential to adapt in real‐time to changes in the performance of small unmanned air vehicles. There are significant challenges with their use, however, primarily in the implementation and assurance of long‐term system stability. This paper presents flight test results for a combined model reference adaptive control (CMRAC) law applied to the height control loop of a multirotor. Key features include the implementation of CMRAC with a baseline controller allowing for in‐flight switching between the two; the use of an augmented state to improve the tracking performance and a CMRAC implementation that provides a shorter transient phase, faster parameter convergence, and closer tracking of the desired reference model response when compared with standard MRAC. With the current exponential growth of interest in unmanned air vehicles, the potential benefits of using CMRAC for control system development are significant, particularly for new vehicles with short development and testing phases and in cases where there are significant configuration changes in flight or prior to rapid deployment.
Koreanische Handakupunktur bei Achillodynie bei Fußballspielern
Authors: Agarwal Kamayni , Lee Seong-Joon
Published: May 2021

Aufgrund der massiven mechanischen Belastungen beim Fußballtraining durch Sprinten, Schießen, Zweikämpfe, der während eines Spiels zurückgelegten Laufkilometer und der abrupten Richtungswechsel wie Wenden oder Stoppen erfährt die Achillessehne massive Zug- und Scherkräfte im Rahmen dieser Sportart. Diese führen bei Fußballern dementsprechend häufig zu Tendinopathien im Sinne eines Überlastungssyndroms. Im Folgenden wird dargestellt, wie mittels Koreanischer Handakupunktur innerhalb kürzester Zeit eine Symptomlinderung gelingen kann.
Comparación entre trazados cefalométricos manual y digital en radiografías laterales del cráneo
Authors: Calle-Velezmoro Eduardo , Calle-Morocho Jesica , Morales-Vadillo Rafael , Guevara-Canales Janet-Ofelia
Published: May 2021

Objetivo Evaluar la diferencia del trazado cefalométrico manual con el digital en radiografías laterales de cráneo.

Materiales y métodos Inicialmente se realizó un piloto para calibrar al investigador principal, en donde se analizaron 10 radiografías pertenecientes a cinco pacientes del Servicio de Radiología del Centro Odontológico de nuestra institución para evaluar la concordancia entre los dos evaluadores y establecer el tamaño de la muestra. Finalmente, se analizaron 78 radiografías cefalométricas de 39 pacientes, en las que se realizó el trazado cefalométrico de Steiner manual y digital. Esas radiografías se analizaron en una escala 1:1 y posteriormente se evaluó la diferencia de las mediciones mediante el análisis univariado, se determinó en mediana e intervalo intercuartil por separado. En el análisis bivariado, se aplicó la prueba de signo de rangos de Wilcoxon y muestras pareadas para determinar la diferencia de las mediciones cefalométricas de Steiner entre el tipo del análisis cefalométrico. El nivel de significancia se fijó en p < 0,05 y confiabilidad al 95%, respectivamente.

Resultados No hubo diferencia significativa en la mayoría de las mediciones hechas de manera manual y digital, siendo el ángulo interincisal la única medición angular en la cual hubo diferencia significativa al obtener un resultado de p = 0,002. Mientras tanto, en las mediciones lineales, la única medición en la que hubo diferencia significativa fue en el segmento incisivo inferior – NB con p = 0,005.

Conclusión No se encuentran diferencias significativas entre el trazado cefalométrico manual y el digital. No obstante, es importante tener en cuenta que la muestra o población evaluada es reducida para definir conclusiones.
Differential Psoriatic Effect of Imiquimod on Balb/c and Swiss Mice
Authors: Salwa Fathima , Badanthadka Murali , D’Souza Lidwin
Published: May 2021

Introduction The influence of animal strain on psoriasis model development by imiquimod (IMQ) has been studied in Balb/c and Swiss mice.

Materials and Methods Female mice of either strain were challenged with 5% IMQ (62.5 mg on back skin, 10 mg on right ear). They were observed for the severity of the disease using Psoriasis area severity index (PASI), splenomegaly, and histopathological alterations. To validate the model, well-established antipsoriatic drug clobetasol (0.05%, 120 mg on the back skin, 10 mg on the right ear) was used. Additionally, to study the strain-dependent response to IMQ associated with oxidative stress, various antioxidant factors like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CT), and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Antioxidant natural product curcumin (1%, 150 mg on back skin, 12.5 mg on right ear) was used to evaluate the alleviation of oxidative stress on distinct mice strain.

Results PASI score, body weight, and histopathology indicated the development of disease in both the strains, severity, and stability of which was dependent on the particular strain. Splenomegaly suggested the systemic effect, which was comparable in both the stains. IMQ and its involvement in redox status were confirmed by an alteration in the activity of SOD, CT, and levels of GSH.

Conclusion This study demonstrated that, in the IMQ-induced psoriasis model, the genetic background has some impact on the disease severity, stability, and redox imbalance.
Oral Fluids—A Diagnostic Tool for COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Ramesh Amitha , Potdar Raksha , Bhandary Rahul
Published: May 2021

Global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 has affected millions of people around the world. This virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors present in the pharynx, nose, oral cavity, salivary glands, tongue, etc. Saliva has been shown to have viral loads of COVID-19 as it reported to be 2019-novel-coronavirus nucleic acid positive. This article is based on the association of oral fluids and their role in diagnosis of coronavirus infection.
Do Patients with Paget's Disease Have Worse Outcomes following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas M. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Mont Michael A. , Seyler Thorsten M. , Roche Martin W.
Published: May 2021

Well-powered studies evaluating the effects of Paget's disease on patient outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are limited. The objective of this study was to determine whether Paget's disease patients undergoing primary TKA have higher rates of complications. A query of an administrative database was performed identifying Paget's disease patients undergoing primary TKA as the study cohort. Patients who did not have Paget's disease served as a matching cohort. Study group patients were matched in a 1:5 ratio by age, sex, and comorbidities. The query yielded 34,284 patients in the study (n = 5,714) and matched (n = 28,570) cohorts. Outcomes analyzed included length of stay (LOS), costs of care, 90-day medical and surgical complications, and 2-year implant-related complications. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of complications. Paget's disease patients undergoing primary TKA were found to have significantly longer in-hospital LOS (4 vs. 3 days, p < 0.0001). Study group patients incurred significantly higher 90-day episode-of-care costs ($15,124.55 vs. $14,610.01, p < 0.0001). Additionally, Paget's disease patients were found to have higher incidences and odds of medical/surgical (25.93 vs. 13.58%; OR: 1.64, p < 0.0001) and implant-related complications (8.97 vs. 5.02%; OR: 1.71, p < 0.0001). Specifically, Paget's disease patients were more likely to have periprosthetic fractures, mechanical loosening, and revision TKAs (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated that Paget's disease was associated with longer in-hospital LOS, increased costs, and higher rates of complications. The study can be utilized by physicians to adequately educate patients with Paget's disease concerning potential complications following their primary TKA.
Facial Soft Tissue Injuries in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Schild Sam , Puntarelli Tatiana Reis , delaPena Margarita , Johnson Adam , Butts Sydney C.
Published: May 2021

Soft tissue injuries of the head and neck are a common reason for medical evaluation and treatment in pediatric populations with some unique and important considerations when compared with adults. The incidence and type of injuries continue to evolve with the adoption of new safety measures, technology advancements, and education of the general population. The goal of this article is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of the evaluation and management of pediatric soft tissue trauma including the initial workup, physical examination, appropriateness of antimicrobial therapy, and setting for surgical repair. Additionally, the pediatric anesthetic considerations for evaluation and repair in regard to local anesthesia, sedation, and general anesthesia are described in detail. There is a focus on dog bites, perinatal injuries, and child abuse as these entities are distinctive to a pediatric population and have particular management recommendations. Lastly, application of the reconstructive ladder as it applies to children is supported with specific case examples and figures. Although there are many parallels to the management of soft tissue injury in adults, we will highlight the special situations that occur in pediatric populations, which are imperative for the facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon to understand.
Effectiveness of a Planned Teaching Program on the Knowledge of Staff Nurses with Regard to the Nutritional Requirements of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Fernandes Sarita Telma , Dsilva Fatima , Dsouza Sushma Marita
Published: May 2021

Objective This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of a planned teaching program on the knowledge of staff nurses with regard to the nutritional requirements of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods Uncontrolled before-and-after study was conducted among staff nurses of a hospital. Convenient sampling was used to select the participants. Pretest knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire among staff nurses. After the pretest, the experimental group was administered a planned teaching program for 60 minutes. On the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day the posttests were conducted by delivering the same tool to determine the posttest level of knowledge after the administration of the planned teaching program.

Results The staff nurses’ pretest knowledge scores reveal that the majority (77.5%) had an average knowledge level and 10% had poor knowledge levels. The effectiveness of the planned teaching program showed that the mean pretest knowledge score of the staff nurses (x̄ 1=16.10) was significantly lower than the mean posttest knowledge scores of the participants (x̄ 2 = 20.78, x̄ 3 = 24.35, x̄ 4 = 24.20, and x̄ 5 = 28.75).

Conclusion In this study, the planned teaching program was found to be efficient on the knowledge level of staff nurses regarding the nutritional requirements of patients with chronic kidney disease.
How much can you say in a tweet? An approach to political argumentation on Twitter
Authors: Elliott-Maksymowicz Katarzyna , Nikolaev Alexander , Porpora Douglas
Published: May 2021

Besides Donald Trump, its most famous user, some 330 million people use Twitter as a platform for communication, much of it political. Yet, given the 280 character limit, how much can you say in a tweet? Although much has already been written about Twitter, little attention has been given to the nature of the argument found there. To begin filling this gap, it is necessary to identify the basic units of such an argument. Identifying them as speech acts, we demonstrate here by discourse analysis how by virtue of the enthymematic quality of public argument, much argument can be communicated even by singular speech acts and even by speech acts other than assertion.
Dynamics and invariant measures of multi-stochastic sine-Gordon lattices with random viscosity and nonlinear noise
Authors: Yang Shuang , Li Yangrong
Published: May 2021

We investigate mean dynamics and invariant measures for a multi-stochastic discrete sine-Gordon equation driven by random viscosity, stochastic forces, and infinite-dimensional nonlinear noise. We first show the existence of a unique solution when the random viscosity is bounded and the nonlinear diffusion of noise is locally Lipschitz continuous, which leads to the existence of a mean random dynamical system. We then prove that such a mean random dynamical system possesses a unique weak pullback mean random attractor in the Bochner space. Finally, we show the existence of an invariant measure. Some difficulties arise from dealing with the term of random viscosity in all uniform estimates (including the tail-estimate) of solutions, which lead to the tightness of a family of distribution laws of solutions.
A low-frequency torsion pendulum with interferometric readout
Authors: Ross M. P. , Venkateswara K. , Hagedorn C. A. , Leupold C. J. , Forsyth P. W. F. , Wegner J. D. , Shaw E. A. , Lee J. G. , Gundlach J. H.
Published: May 2021

We describe a torsion pendulum with a large mass-quadrupole moment and a resonant frequency of 2.8 mHz, whose angle is measured using a Michelson interferometer. The system achieved noise levels of ∼200prad/Hz between 0.2 and 30 Hz and ∼10prad/Hz above 100 Hz. Such a system can be applied to a broad range of fields from the study of rotational seismic motion and elastogravity signals to gravitational wave observation and tests of gravity.
Self-adaptive diagnostic of radial fast-ion loss measurements on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak (invited)
Authors: Gonzalez-Martin J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Sieglin B. , Herrmann A. , Lunt T. , Ayllon-Guerola J. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Hidalgo-Salaverri J. , Kovacsik A. , Rivero-Rodriguez J. F. , Sanchis L. , Silvagni D. , Zoletnik S. , Dominguez J. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team,   MST1 Team
Published: May 2021

A poloidal array of scintillator-based Fast-Ion Loss Detectors (FILDs) has been installed in the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) tokamak. While all AUG FILD systems are mounted on reciprocating arms driven externally by servomotors, the reciprocating system of the FILD probe located just below the midplane is based on a magnetic coil that is energized in real-time by the AUG discharge control system. This novel reciprocating system allows, for the first time, real-time control of the FILD position including infrared measurements of its probe head temperature to avoid overheating. This considerably expands the diagnostic operational window, enabling unprecedented radial measurements of fast-ion losses. Fast collimator-slit sweeping (up to 0.2 mm/ms) is used to obtain radially resolved velocity-space measurements along 8 cm within the scrape-off layer. This provides a direct evaluation of the neutral beam deposition profiles via first-orbit losses. Moreover, the light-ion beam probe (LIBP) technique is used to infer radial profiles of fast-ion orbit deflection. This radial-LIBP technique is applied to trapped orbits (exploring both the plasma core and the FILD stroke near the wall), enabling radial localization of internal plasma fluctuations (neoclassical tearing modes). This is quantitatively compared against electron cyclotron emission measurements, showing excellent agreement. For the first time, radial profiles of fast-ion losses in MHD quiescent plasmas as well as in the presence of magnetic islands and edge localized modes are presented.
Feasibility study for a high-k temperature fluctuation diagnostic based on soft x-ray imaging
Authors: Chen X. , Ruiz J. Ruiz , Howard N. T. , Guttenfelder W. , Candy J. , Hughes J. W. , Granetz R. S. , White A. E.
Published: May 2021

A new pseudolocal tomography algorithm is developed for soft X-ray(SXR) imaging measurements of the turbulent electron temperature fluctuations (δ Te) in tokamaks and stellarators. The algorithm overcomes the constraints of limited viewing ports on the vessel wall (viewing angle) and limited number of lines of sight (LOS). This is accomplished by increasing the number of LOS locally in a region of interest. Numerical modeling demonstrates that the wavenumber spectrum of the turbulence can be reliably reconstructed, with an acceptable number of viewing angles and LOS and suitable low SNR detectors. We conclude that a SXR imaging diagnostic for measurements of turbulent δ Te using a pseudolocal reconstruction algorithm is feasible.
Switchable liquid shutter operated by electrowetting for security of mobile electronics
Authors: Lee Jeongmin , Park Yuna , Jang Deasung , Chung Sang Kug
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a new type of switchable liquid shutter for the security and design of mobile electronic devices. The operation test of the liquid shutter is conducted using a prototype sample prepared by standard microfabrication processes. The liquid shutter consists of an opaque liquid for absorbing light and a transparent oil for transmitting light on two parallel plates with patterned indium titanium oxide electrodes. The liquid shutter can be opened and closed by sequentially applying an electrical voltage to the patterned electrodes owing to an electrowetting principle. The switching time of the liquid shutter is measured using a high-speed camera and is found to take about 550 ms to open the shutter and 240 ms to close the shutter at 70 Vrms (1 kHz). To validate the applicability of the liquid shutter, the operation of liquid shutters with different colored liquids mounted on a smartphone is successfully demonstrated. The proposed liquid shutter not only allows a simple design to be easily miniaturized and integrated with electronic devices but also provides a robust and fast switching operation.
Radiation measurement in plasma disruption by thin-foil infrared bolometer
Authors: Lee Min Uk , Thatipamula Shekar G. , Bae Sehyun , Kim Jayhyun , Kim Jaewook , Lehnen Michael , Yun Gunsu S.
Published: May 2021

A thin-foil infrared bolometer has been developed to measure the plasma radiation quantitatively during plasma disruptions in the KSTAR tokamak. We present analytic solutions of a 0D heat transfer model, which enable the estimation of the plasma radiation from the bolometer signal. The analytical solutions for the linear response regime give practical ways by which the radiation power and energy can be estimated from the cooling time scale of the bolometer signal. A useful way of evaluating the linear response of the system is also introduced. The analysis is complemented by 2D heat transfer simulations. The bolometer signals from the shattered pellet injection experiments in the 2020 KSTAR campaign are analyzed and interpreted according to the heat transfer models.
A lattice Boltzmann direct coupling overset approach for the moving boundary problem
Authors: Bahlali M. L. , Yoo H. , Favier J. , Sagaut P.
Published: May 2021

We propose a new direct coupling scheme based on the overset technique to tackle moving boundary problems within the lattice Boltzmann framework. The scheme is based on the interpolation of distribution functions rather than moments, that is, macroscopic variables, and includes an additional hypothesis ensuring mass and momentum conservation at the interface nodes between fixed and moving grids. The method is assessed considering four test cases and considering both the vortical and the acoustic fields. It is shown that the direct coupling method results are in very good agreement with reference results on a configuration without any moving subdomain. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the direct coupling method provides an improvement of the accuracy of the lattice Boltzmann overset algorithm for aeroacoustics. In particular, a convected vortex test case is studied and reveals that the direct coupling approach leads to a better ability to conserve the vortex structure over time, as well as a reduction in spurious acoustic distorsions at the fixed/moving interface.
Modeling the dominance of the gradient drift or Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in sheared ionospheric E × B flows
Authors: Rathod C. , Srinivasan B. , Scales W.
Published: May 2021

Studies have shown that in sheared E×B flows in an inhomogeneous ionospheric plasma, the gradient drift (GDI) or the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KHI) instability may grow. This work examines the conditions that cause one of these instabilities to dominate over the other using a novel model to study localized ionospheric instabilities. The effect of collisions with neutral particles plays an important role in the instability development. It is found that the KHI is dominant in low collisionality regimes, the GDI is dominant in high collisionality regimes, and there exists an intermediate region in which both instabilities exist in tandem. For low collisionality cases in which the velocity shear is sufficiently far from the density gradient, the GDI is found to grow as a secondary instability extending from the KHI vortices. The inclusion of a neutral wind-driven electric field in the direction of the velocity shear does not impact the dominance of either instability. Using data from empirical ionospheric models, two altitude limits are found. For altitudes above the higher limit, the KHI is dominant. For altitudes below the lower limit, the GDI is dominant. In the intermediate region, both instabilities grow together. Increasing the velocity shear causes both limits to be lower in altitude. This implies that for ionospheric phenomena whose density and velocity gradients span large altitude ranges, such as subauroral polarization streams, the instabilities observed by space-based and ground-based observation instruments could be significantly different.
Women’s experiences of accessing a medical termination of pregnancy through a Queensland regional sexual health service: a qualitative study
Authors: Cashman Colette , Downing Sandra G. , Russell Darren
Published: May 2021

Abstract Background An estimated 25% of Australian women will undergo induced abortion. Few studies have explored Australian women’s experiences of accessing medical termination of pregnancy (MToP). This study explored the experiences of women accessing MToP through a regional sexual health service in North Queensland. It aimed to determine the aspects of the process from seeking information about abortion to completion that worked well and to identify areas for improvement. Methods. Semi-structured telephone interviews with 11 women who accessed MTOP at Cairns Sexual Health Service (CSHS) were conducted. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A deductive analysis approach was used to analyse the data. Results. Most women had little prior knowledge of MToP or access options and used the Internet to source information. Accessing MToP through a sexual health service was considered positive, non-judgemental, discrete and low-cost despite challenges of fitting in with appointment times and obtaining off-site ultrasound. GPs did not always provide referral; some women described experiences of stigma, discrimination and judgemental care during consultation and when obtaining ultrasounds. Concern for women living in more rural/remote areas was raised. Potential solutions including increased provision through rural general practitioners (GPs) and telehealth. Conclusion. Our study highlights the need for greater awareness of abortion options and access points among the community and healthcare providers. Access through sexual health clinics in regional settings is accepted; however, other options such as increased provision through rural GPs, primary health clinics, telehealth and nurse-led models of care could help overcome some of the barriers faced by rural and remote women.
Wildland firefighters’ thermal exposure in relation to suppression tasks
Authors: Carballo-Leyenda Belén , Villa José G. , López-Satué Jorge , Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose A.
Published: May 2021

The main purpose of this study was to characterise the thermal environment and risk of heat burns of wildland firefighters in relation to the suppression tasks performed in real wildland fires. Measurements of air temperature and heat flux were performed by affixing heat flux and ambient temperature sensors on the outer and inner surface of the wildland firefighters’ protective garments. Suppression time was divided according to the task performed in direct attack, backfire, mop-up and patrol. These tasks accounted for 95.2 ± 78.4, 103.3 ± 41.7, 80.5 ± 24.8 and 71.3 ± 53.0 min, respectively. Overall, the mean heat flux was higher during backfire (2165 ± 1604 W m−2) than in direct attack (558 ± 344 W m−2), mop-up (371 ± 254 W m−2) and patrol (354 ± 307 W m−2). However, during the direct attack, average and maximum thermal dose was ~94 and ~110 (kW m−2)4/3 s, respectively. These values are within the threshold of pain and first-degree burns. However, no first-degree burns were reported for the sample. Overall, the thermal exposure measured may be considered light. However, high thermal exposure values may be obtained at specific moments, which may cause first-degree burns in wildland firefighters.
An ecosystem service perspective on urban nature, physical activity, and health
Authors: Remme Roy P. , Frumkin Howard , Guerry Anne D. , King Abby C. , Mandle Lisa , Sarabu Chethan , Bratman Gregory N. , Giles-Corti Billie , Hamel Perrine , Han Baolong , Hicks Jennifer L. , James Peter , Lawler Joshua J. , Lindahl Therese , Liu Hongxiao , Lu Yi , Oosterbroek Bram , Paudel Bibek , Sallis James F. , Schipperijn Jasper , Sosič Rok , de Vries Sjerp , Wheeler Benedict W. , Wood Spencer A. , Wu Tong , Daily Gretchen C.
Published: May 2021

Nature underpins human well-being in critical ways, especially in health. Nature provides pollination of nutritious crops, purification of drinking water, protection from floods, and climate security, among other well-studied health benefits. A crucial, yet challenging, research frontier is clarifying how nature promotes physical activity for its many mental and physical health benefits, particularly in densely populated cities with scarce and dwindling access to nature. Here we frame this frontier by conceptually developing a spatial decision-support tool that shows where, how, and for whom urban nature promotes physical activity, to inform urban greening efforts and broader health assessments. We synthesize what is known, present a model framework, and detail the model steps and data needs that can yield generalizable spatial models and an effective tool for assessing the urban nature–physical activity relationship. Current knowledge supports an initial model that can distinguish broad trends and enrich urban planning, spatial policy, and public health decisions. New, iterative research and application will reveal the importance of different types of urban nature, the different subpopulations who will benefit from it, and nature’s potential contribution to creating more equitable, green, livable cities with active inhabitants.
A spatial model of YAP/TAZ signaling reveals how stiffness, dimensionality, and shape contribute to emergent outcomes
Authors: Scott Kiersten Elizabeth , Fraley Stephanie I. , Rangamani Padmini
Published: May 2021

Significance

The YAP/TAZ pathway plays a fundamental role in integrating a variety of cellular cues to control important physiological processes. Here, we develop a spatial model of this pathway that contributes quantitative understanding and disentangles the role various stimuli play that are difficult to distinguish experimentally. The model integrates key spatial and physical inputs, namely cell and nuclear shape, surface area-to-volume ratios of cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, substrate dimensionality, substrate activation area, and substrate stiffness, through membrane-proximal, cytoskeletal, and nuclear mechanotransduction modules. The resulting model accounts for seemingly contradictory experimental trends and lends new insight into controlling YAP/TAZ signaling.
Retrieval-constrained valuation: Toward prediction of open-ended decisions
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Wang Shichun , Good Maxwell , Hristova Siyana , Kayser Andrew S. , Hsu Ming
Published: May 2021

Significance

Life is not a multiple-choice test: Many real-world decisions leave goals, choice options, or evaluation criteria to be determined by decision-makers themselves. However, a mechanistic understanding of how such problem structuring processes influence choice has largely eluded standard models of decision-making. By developing a neurally grounded cognitive model that integrates semantic knowledge retrieval and valuation processes, we offer a computational framework providing strikingly accurate out-of-sample predictions of choices with self-generated options. This framework generates psychological insights into the nature and force of memory retrieval’s substantial influence on choice behavior. Together, these findings represent a step toward predicting complex, ill-structured decisions in the real world, opening up new approaches that may broaden the scope of formal models of decision-making.
Chromosome oscillation promotes Aurora A–dependent Hec1 phosphorylation and mitotic fidelity
Authors: Iemura Kenji , Natsume Toyoaki , Maehara Kayoko , Kanemaki Masato T. , Tanaka Kozo
Published: May 2021

Most cancer cells show chromosomal instability, a condition where chromosome missegregation occurs frequently. We found that chromosome oscillation, an iterative chromosome motion during metaphase, is attenuated in cancer cell lines. We also found that metaphase phosphorylation of Hec1 at serine 55, which is mainly dependent on Aurora A on the spindle, is reduced in cancer cell lines. The Aurora A–dependent Hec1-S55 phosphorylation level was regulated by the chromosome oscillation amplitude and vice versa: Hec1-S55 and -S69 phosphorylation by Aurora A is required for efficient chromosome oscillation. Furthermore, enhancement of chromosome oscillation reduced the number of erroneous kinetochore–microtubule attachments and chromosome missegregation, whereas inhibition of Aurora A during metaphase increased such errors. We propose that Aurora A–mediated metaphase Hec1-S55 phosphorylation through chromosome oscillation, together with Hec1-S69 phosphorylation, ensures mitotic fidelity by eliminating erroneous kinetochore–microtubule attachments. Attenuated chromosome oscillation and the resulting reduced Hec1-S55 phosphorylation may be a cause of CIN in cancer cell lines.
Drosophila USP22/nonstop polarizes the actin cytoskeleton during collective border cell migration
Authors: Badmos Hammed , Cobbe Neville , Campbell Amy , Jackson Richard , Bennett Daimark
Published: May 2021

Polarization of the actin cytoskeleton is vital for the collective migration of cells in vivo. During invasive border cell migration in Drosophila, actin polarization is directly controlled by the Hippo signaling complex, which resides at contacts between border cells in the cluster. Here, we identify, in a genetic screen for deubiquitinating enzymes involved in border cell migration, an essential role for nonstop/USP22 in the expression of Hippo pathway components expanded and merlin. Loss of nonstop function consequently leads to a redistribution of F-actin and the polarity determinant Crumbs, loss of polarized actin protrusions, and tumbling of the border cell cluster. Nonstop is a component of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator complex, but SAGA’s histone acetyltransferase module, which does not bind to expanded or merlin, is dispensable for migration. Taken together, our results uncover novel roles for SAGA-independent nonstop/USP22 in collective cell migration, which may help guide studies in other systems where USP22 is necessary for cell motility and invasion.
Endophilin A1 drives acute structural plasticity of dendritic spines in response to Ca2+/calmodulin
Authors: Yang Yanrui , Chen Jiang , Chen Xue , Li Di , He Jianfeng , Wang Shen , Zhao Shun , Yang Xiaoyu , Deng Shikun , Tong Chunfang , Wang Dou , Guo Zhenzhen , Li Dong , Ma Cong , Liang Xin , Shi Yun S. , Liu Jia-Jia
Published: May 2021

Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in excitatory neurons triggers a large transient increase in the volume of dendritic spines followed by decays to sustained size expansion, a process termed structural LTP (sLTP) that contributes to the cellular basis of learning and memory. Although mechanisms regulating the early and sustained phases of sLTP have been studied intensively, how the acute spine enlargement immediately after LTP stimulation is achieved remains elusive. Here, we report that endophilin A1 orchestrates membrane dynamics with actin polymerization to initiate spine enlargement in NMDAR-mediated LTP. Upon LTP induction, Ca2+/calmodulin enhances binding of endophilin A1 to both membrane and p140Cap, a cytoskeletal regulator. Consequently, endophilin A1 rapidly localizes to the plasma membrane and recruits p140Cap to promote local actin polymerization, leading to spine head expansion. Moreover, its molecular functions in activity-induced rapid spine growth are required for LTP and long-term memory. Thus, endophilin A1 serves as a calmodulin effector to drive acute structural plasticity necessary for learning and memory.
Synapses have autophagy under control
Authors: Guimas Almeida Claudia
Published: May 2021

Regulation of autophagy in neurons remains unclear. In this issue, Kulkarni et al. (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202002084) show with elegant live imaging that in dendrites, but not in axons, autophagosome motility and function is regulated by synaptic activity.
A participant-derived xenograft model of HIV enables long-term evaluation of autologous immunotherapies
Authors: McCann Chase D. , van Dorp Christiaan H. , Danesh Ali , Ward Adam R. , Dilling Thomas R. , Mota Talia M. , Zale Elizabeth , Stevenson Eva M. , Patel Shabnum , Brumme Chanson J. , Dong Winnie , Jones Douglas S. , Andresen Thomas L. , Walker Bruce D. , Brumme Zabrina L. , Bollard Catherine M. , Perelson Alan S. , Irvine Darrell J. , Jones R. Brad
Published: May 2021

HIV-specific CD8+ T cells partially control viral replication and delay disease progression, but they rarely provide lasting protection, largely due to immune escape. Here, we show that engrafting mice with memory CD4+ T cells from HIV+ donors uniquely allows for the in vivo evaluation of autologous T cell responses while avoiding graft-versus-host disease and the need for human fetal tissues that limit other models. Treating HIV-infected mice with clinically relevant HIV-specific T cell products resulted in substantial reductions in viremia. In vivo activity was significantly enhanced when T cells were engineered with surface-conjugated nanogels carrying an IL-15 superagonist, but it was ultimately limited by the pervasive selection of a diverse array of escape mutations, recapitulating patterns seen in humans. By applying mathematical modeling, we show that the kinetics of the CD8+ T cell response have a profound impact on the emergence and persistence of escape mutations. This “participant-derived xenograft” model of HIV provides a powerful tool for studying HIV-specific immunological responses and facilitating the development of effective cell-based therapies.
Near ambient pressure XPS investigation of hydrous palladium oxide under water and oxygen gas environments
Authors: Jeong Beomgyun , Lee Dooyong , Park Ji-In , Lee Sang Moon
Published: May 2021

Pd takes various chemical forms according to the types of catalysts and even its pristine chemical state is often subject to change in operation. To understand the mechanism how Pd-based catalysts activate reactions, it is important to have a capability to identify the surface chemical state of Pd-based catalysts in contact with reactants. In this study, we conducted in situ near ambient pressure-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) in gas conditions with water and oxygen for hydrous Pd oxide, which is also known as palladium hydroxide (Pd(OH)2) and it is the key component of the Pearlman’s catalyst widely used for organic reactions. We found that hydrous Pd oxide showed different spectral features to that of anhydrous Pd oxide under gaseous water environments. We believe that this NAP-XPS study provides new information for a better identification of hydrous Pd oxide under reaction conditions, which is not available from conventional XPS in ultrahigh vacuum.