bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full Thickness Tear of Quadriceps Tendon Associated with Closed Intra-Articular Distal Femur Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Kar Santanu , Bansal Hemant , Sharma Vijay , Farooque Kamran
Published: June 2021

Fractures of the supracondylar and intercondylar region of the distal femur usually result from high velocity injury that is uncommonly associated with violation of the integrity of the extensor mechanism. The consequences of missed quadriceps injury associated with a distal femur fracture are devastating. The present case report illustrates the importance of recognizing the rare association of quadriceps tear with distal femoral fractures, an appropriate surgical approach to repair the tear as well as fixation of fracture, and a protocol of postoperative rehabilitation to achieve a successful outcome.
A Newborn Falsely Suspected of Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Mutated Thyroxine-Binding Globulin with Low Binding Affinity
Authors: Hengeveld Rutger C.C. , Albersen Monique , Hadders Michael A.H. , Hellinga Ilse , Bikker Hennie , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Paul van Trotsenburg A.S. , Hillebrand Jacquelien J. , Boelen Anita , Zwaveling-Soonawala Nitash
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Neonatal screening programs for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) have been implemented worldwide to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. The Dutch neonatal CH screening is primarily based on the measurement of thyroxine (T4). When T4 is low, an additional thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) measurement is performed to reduce the number of false-positive screening results due to harmless TBG deficiency. Here, we present a case of a rare functional TBG deficiency leading to a false suspicion of CH. Case Presentation: Neonatal screening in this patient revealed a decreased T4, normal TSH, and normal TBG concentration, suggesting central CH. However, free T4 was normal. DNA sequencing analysis revealed a novel, hemizygous mutation (c.139G>A) in SERPINA7, the gene encoding TBG, resulting in the substitution of the conserved amino acid alanine to threonine at position 27. Crystal structure analyses showed that this substitution has a detrimental effect on binding of T4 to TBG. Conclusions: The novel SERPINA7 variant in this patient led to a false suspicion of central hypothyroidism in the Dutch T4-based neonatal screening program. It is important to recognize patients with such TBG defects to prevent unnecessary additional testing and treatment.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ ДЛЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ ВІЛ-ІНФІКОВАНИХ ХВОРИХ
Authors: Yurko K.V. , Lantukh I.V.
Published: June 2021

Мета роботи – проаналізувати значення психологічної допомоги для соціальної адаптації ВІЛ-інфікованих хворих.

Матеріали і методи. Емпіричною базою досліджен­ня став аналіз 30 медичних карт стаціонарних пацієнтів, госпіталізованих в інфекційне відділення № 3 Обласної клінічної інфекційної лікарні м. Харкова впродовж 2019 р. Більшість склали хворі працездатного віку, а саме 25 осіб (83,3 %), при цьому середній вік пацієнтів становив (28,5±5,5) років. Хворі під час дослідження були поділені на групи залежно від отримання психологічної допомоги, психоемоційних розладів, ознак соціальної дезадаптації.

Результати дослідження. Першу групу пацієнтів склали 10 (33,3 %) хворих, які відмовилися від психологічної допомоги. Другу групу, а саме 20 (66,7 %) пацієнтів, склали хворі, які одразу після встановлення діагнозу ВІЛ-інфекції отримували психологічну допомогу та мали слабші розлади.

Під час дослідження використовувався набір методик: клініко-анамнестичний метод; для оцінки наявності у пацієнтів депресії застосовували шкалу її оцінки Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scalе (MADRS); для визначення рівня тривожності у хворих використовували опитувальник тривожності Спілбергера-Ханіна; визначали прихильність пацієнтів до лікування за шкалою оцінки комплаєнтності Мориски-Грін.

Висновки. Питання адаптації ВІЛ-інфікованих пацієнтів у суспільстві є значною проблемою, що обумовлюється низьким рівнем обізнаності про ВІЛ-інфекцію, шляхи її передачі. Отримані результати свідчать про необхідність психологічної допомоги ВІЛ-інфікованим на кожному етапі, як в момент оголошення діагнозу (запобігання розвитку депресії, суїцидальних намірів), так і під час медикаментозного лікування (дебрифінг методики, створення груп підтримки «рівний – рівному»), завдяки чому прискорюється соціальна адаптація хворих та ефективність медикаментозного лікування.
Racial Diversity Among American Cardiologists: Implications for the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Johnson Amber E. , Talabi Mehret Birru , Bonifacino Eliana , Culyba Alison J. , Davis Esa M. , Davis Paula K. , De Castro Laura M. , Essien Utibe R. , Maria Gonzaga Alda , Hogan MaCalus V. , James Alaina J. , Jonassaint Charles R. , Jonassaint Naudia L. , Matheo Loreta , Nance Melonie A. , Napoé G. Sarah , Olafiranye Oladipupo , Owusu-Ansah Sylvia , Pierson-Brown Tomar N. , Conrad Smith A.J. , Suber Tomeka L. , Torres Orquidia , Tripp Rickquel , Ufomata Eloho , Wilson J. Deanna , South-Paul Jeannette E.
Published: June 2021

In the United States, race-based disparities in cardiovascular disease care have proven to be pervasive, deadly, and expensive. African American/Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Native/Indigenous American individuals are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and are less likely to receive high-quality, evidence-based medical care as compared with their White American counterparts. Although the United States population is diverse, the cardiovascular workforce that provides its much-needed care lacks diversity. The available data show that care provided by physicians from racially diverse backgrounds is associated with better quality, both for minoritized patients and for majority patients. Not only is cardiovascular workforce diversity associated with improvements in health care quality, but racial diversity among academic teams and research scientists is linked with research quality. We outline documented barriers to achieving workforce diversity and suggest evidence-based strategies to overcome these barriers. Key strategies to enhance racial diversity in cardiology include improving recruitment and retention of racially diverse members of the cardiology workforce and focusing on cardiovascular health equity for patients. This review draws attention to academic institutions, but the implications should be considered relevant for nonacademic and community settings as well.
MicroRNA 379 Regulates Klotho Deficiency–Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Via Repression of Smurf1
Authors: Chen Kai , Zhang Bo , Sun Zhongjie
Published: June 2021

Klotho
is an aging-suppressor gene.
Klotho
gene deficiency impairs heart function leading to heart failure, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs are increasingly recognized to play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. The objective of this study is to investigate whether microRNA 379 (Mir379) regulates Klotho deficiency-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Using inducible Cre-Loxp recombination technology, we first found that kidney-specific deletion of the
Klotho
gene caused heart failure. Using microRNA sequencing analysis, we found that Mir379 may be a target of Klotho. In cultured H9c2 heart cells, we found that treatment with Klotho-free medium increased Mir379 levels and induced apoptosis. To test whether Mir379 mediates Klotho deficiency–induced apoptosis, H9c2 cells were transfected with Mir379 inhibitor. Interestingly, Mir379 inhibitor (anti-Mir379) prevented Klotho deficiency–induced H9c2 cell apoptosis. On the contrary, Mir379 mimic itself caused apoptosis in H9c2 cells. These findings suggest that Mir379 may mediate Klotho deficiency–induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Using the mRNA-miRNA target interaction assay, we found that Smurf1(SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) mRNA contained the 3-UTR binding site for Mir379. Importantly, Mir379 mimic suppressed Smurf1 expression, and the Mir379 mimic–induced apoptosis can be rescued by treatment with exogenous Smurf1 protein. Therefore, Smurf1 repression may be involved in Mir379–induced H9c2 cells apoptosis. In conclusion, Mir379 may mediate Klotho deficiency-associated cardiomyocyte apoptosis through repression of Smurf1 which is required for Mir379-induced apoptotic cell death. Mir379 may be a potential therapeutic target for cardiomyocyte apoptosis-associated heart failure due to Klotho deficiency.
Causal Effect of Adiposity Measures on Blood Pressure Traits in 2 Urban Swedish Cohorts: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Giontella Alice , Lotta Luca A. , Overton John D. , Baras Aris ,   Regeneron Genetics Center, Minuz Pietro , Melander Olle , Gill Dipender , Fava Cristiano
Published: June 2021

Background

Different adiposity traits may be causally related to hypertension in different ways. By using genetic variants as randomly allocated proxies for studying the effect of modifying adiposity traits, the Mendelian randomization approach can be used to investigate this.

Methods and Results

In this study, we used 4 different genetic risk scores (GRS; GRS‐BMI
565
, GRS‐WHR
324
, GRS‐VAT
208
, GRS‐BF
81
) including hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue, and body fat, respectively. These were applied as instrumental variables in Mendelian randomization analyses. Two Swedish urban‐based cohort studies, the Malmö Diet and Cancer, and the Malmö Preventive 795Projects were used to obtain genetic association estimates with blood pressure (BP). In both the Malmö Preventive Projects and Malmö Diet and Cancer studies, except for that for body fat, all of the genetic risk scores were significantly associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, but with different magnitudes. In particular, in both cohorts, each standard deviation increase in the genetic risk score made up by the 324 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with waist‐to‐hip ratio was associated with doubling of the likelihood of hypertension prevalence at baseline. However, only the genetic risk score made up by the 565 SNPs associated with body mass index was significantly associated with hypertension incidence during 23.6±4.3 years of follow‐up in the Malmö Preventive Project.

Conclusions

We support a causal link between genetically mediated adiposity, especially waist‐to‐hip ratio and body mass index, and BP traits including hypertension prevalence and, for the first time to our knowledge, hypertension incidence. The differences in magnitude between these associations might suggest different mechanisms by which different adiposity affects BP/hypertension and consequently may indicate that tailored interventions are needed to reduce cardiovascular risk.
The Puzzle of Anaphoric Bare Nouns in Mandarin: A Counterpoint toIndex!
Authors: Dayal Veneeta , Jiang Li Julie
Published: June 2021

Jenks (2018) argues that Mandarin bare NPs cannot be classified as definites simpliciter. Adopting the distinction between weak- and strong-article definites in Schwarz 2009, he proposes that Mandarin makes a lexical distinction between the two types of definites: bare nouns are weak definites, demonstratives are strong definites. He further proposes that their distribution is regulated by a principle called Index!. In this article, we first point out some problems with the empirical generalizations presented in Jenks’s description of Mandarin and then sketch an alternative approach to the distinction between Mandarin demonstratives and bare nouns. We end with some comments about the kind of further empirical work that needs to be done before definitive claims can be made about the competition between demonstratives and other types of definites.
Identification and morphology of two polycentropodid caddisfly larvae from the Cevennes and the French and Italian Alps: Plectrocnemia cevennensis Coppa 2011 and Plectrocnemia praestans McLachlan 1884
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , COPPA GENNARO
Published: June 2021

The collection of adults, mature male pupae, and the absence of confusing species at the sampling sites located in the Cevennes and French Alps enabled descriptions of the hitherto unknown larvae of Plectrocnemia cevennensis Coppa 2011 and P. praestans McLachlan 1884 (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae). We present information on the morphology of the larvae and illustrate the most important diagnostic features. In the context of the larval key to European Plectrocnemia species by Waringer & Graf (2020), P. cevennensis keys together with P. scruposa McLachlan 1880, whereas P. praestans keys with P. conspersa (Curtis 1834). These two species pairs are morphologically very close; P. cevennensis and P. scruposa can be separated by the numbers of secondary setae on the last abdominal sternum, but the separation of P. praestans and P. conspersa is not always possible.
Types of the genus Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae) deposited at the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Authors: VARGA OLEKSANDR
Published: June 2021

The holotypes of the seventeen Palaearctic species of the genus Exochus described by Dr Valentyna Tolkanitz and stored at the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv) are revised. Diagnoses and illustrations for each species are provided.
First record of the subfamily Brachycyrtinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from continental Africa, with description of three new species
Authors: GIOVANNI FILIPPO DI , VARGA OLEKSANDR
Published: June 2021

The genus Brachycyrtus is recorded for the first time from continental Africa. Three new species are described: Brachycyrtus antoninoi sp. n., B. cerrettii sp. n., and B. lucchii sp. n. A key to distinguish the newly described taxa is provided.
A new species of Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Diplolepidini) from northeastern China
Authors: ZHU QIFAN , LOONEY CHRIS , CHEN TIANLIN , CUESTA-PORTA VÍCTOR , ZOLTÁN LÁSZLÓ , WANG YIPING , PUJADE-VILLAR JULI
Published: June 2021

A new species, Diplolepis valtonyci Zhu, Wang & Pujade-Villar sp. nova, is described from Rosa rugosa Thunb. (1784) and R. davurica Pall. (1788) from China using an integrative approach based on molecular and morphological data. Diagnosis, distribution, and biology of the new species are given and illustrated. The phylogenetic relationship between D. valtonyci sp. nova and other Diplolepis species are assessed based on COI and Cytb genes. A key to the Chinese species of Diplolepis is provided.
A new species of Neoparaphytoseius (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil, with a review of the genus
Authors: SILVA LÍDIA R. A. , SILVA EDMILSON S. , MARTICORENA JORGE L.M. , MORAES GILBERTO J. DE
Published: June 2021

Neoparaphytoseius Chant & McMurtry is a genus in the family Phytoseiidae, subfamily Amblyseiinae. The genus includes only two known species from Brazil and Peru, and the third is described here. Neoparaphytoseius caatinga n. sp. is described from the Caatinga biome of Alagoas State, where it was found on Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae). The new species is compared with the closely related species, Neoparaphytoseius charapa Jiménez, McMurtry & Moraes, and N. sooretamus (El-Banhawy). An identification key for the species of this genus is provided, based on the examination of the type specimens.
A new species of Parathyone (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae) from northeastern Brazil, with a key to species
Authors: MARTINS LUCIANA , TAVARES MARCOS
Published: June 2021

A new species of Dendrochirotida sea cucumber, Parathyone itapuaensis, is described and illustrated herein based on specimens collected from rocky intertidal regions of the northeastern coast of Brazil. The new species is characterized by a suite of morphological characters revealed by light stereomicroscope, SEM and microCT studies of the calcareous ring, dermal ossicles, Polian vesicles and madreporite. Parathyone itapuaensis sp. nov. is characterized by having 10 tentacles, two Polian vesicles and single madreporite; length of anterior process (radial plate) larger than length of the base of the radial plate; body wall with buttons with triangular knobs and knobbed multiperforated plates in the anal region; and tentacles with arched rods, knobbed in the margins and shallow cups knobbed in the outer and inner surfaces. A key to the recognition of Parathyone species is given.
Response of the Atmosphere to Orographic Forcings: Insight from Idealised Simulations
Authors: Tewari Kamal , Mishra Saroj K. , Dewan Anupam , Anand Abhishek , Kang In-Sik
Published: June 2021

Earth’s orography profoundly influences its climate and is a major reason behind the zonally asymmetric features observed in the atmospheric circulation. The response of the atmosphere to orographic forcing, when idealized aqua mountains are placed individually and in pairs (180° apart) at different latitudes, is investigated in the present study using a simplified general circulation model. The investigation reveals that the atmospheric response to orography is dependent on its latitudinal position: orographically triggered stationary waves in the mid-latitudes are most energetic compared to the waves generated due to anomalous divergence in the tropics. The impact on precipitation is confined to the latitude of the orography when it is placed near the tropics, but when it is situated at higher latitudes, it also has a significant remote impact on the tropics. In general, the tropical mountains block the easterly flow, resulting in a weakening of the Hadley cells and a local reduction in the total poleward flux transport by the stationary eddies. On the other hand, the mid-latitudinal orography triggers planetary-scale Rossby waves and enhances the poleward flux transport by stationary eddies. The twin mountains experiments, which are performed by placing orography in pairs at different latitudes, show that the energy fluxes, stationary wave, and precipitation pattern are not merely the linear additive sum of individual orographic responses at these latitudes. The non-linearity in a diagnostic sense is a product interaction of flow between the two mountains, which depends on the background flow, the separation distance between mountains, and wind shear worldwide.
Influence of Latitude and Moisture Effects on the Barotropic Instability of an Idealized ITCZ
Authors: Bembenek Eric , Merlis Timothy M. , Straub David N.
Published: June 2021

A large fraction of tropical cyclones (TCs) are generated near the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), and barotropic instability of the related wind shear has been shown to be an important generation mechanism. The latitudinal position of the ITCZ shifts seasonally and may shift poleward in response to global warming. Aquaplanet GCM simulations have shown TC-generation frequency to vary with position of the ITCZ. These results, and that moisture plays an essential role in the dynamics, motivate the present study on the growth rates of barotropic instability in ITCZ-like zonal wind profiles. Base-state zonal wind profiles are generated by applying a prescribed forcing (representing zonally averaged latent heat release in the ITCZ) to a shallow-water model. Shifting the latitudinal position of the forcing alters these profiles, with a poleward shift leading to enhanced barotropic instability. Next, an examination of how latent release impacts the barotropic breakdown of these profiles is considered. To do this, moisture is explicitly represented using a tracer variable. Upon supersaturation, precipitation occurs and the related latent heat release is parameterized as a mass transfer out of the dynamically active layer. Whether moisture serves to enhance or reduce barotropic growth rates is found to depend on how saturation humidity is represented. In particular, taking it to be constant or a function of the layer thickness (related to temperature) leads to a reduction, whereas taking it to be a specified function of latitude leads to an enhancement. Simple arguments are given to support the idea that moisture effects should lead to a reduction in the moist shallow-water model and that a poleward shift of the ITCZ should lead to an enhancement of barotropic instability.
THE COUPLING BET WEEN CONVECTIVE VARIABILITY AND LARGE-SCALE FLOW PATTERNS OBSERVED DURING PISTON 2018-2019
Authors: Chudler Kyle , Rutledge Steven A.
Published: June 2021

The Propagation of Intraseasonal Oscillations (PISTON) field campaign took place in the waters of the western tropical North Pacific during the late-summer and early-fall of 2018 and 2019. During both research cruises, the Colorado State University SEA-POL polarimetric C-Band weather radar obtained continuous 3D measurements of oceanic precipitation systems. This study provides an overview of the variability in convection observed during the PISTON cruises, and relates this variability to large-scale atmospheric conditions. Using an objective classification algorithm, precipitation features are identified and labeled by their size (isolated/sub-MCS/MCS) and degree of convective organization (nonlinear/linear). It is shown that although large mesoscale convective systems (MCS’s) occurred infrequently (present in 13% of radar scans), they contributed a disproportionately large portion (56%) of the total rain volume. Conversely, small isolated features were present in 91% of scans, yet these features contributed just 11% of the total rain volume, with the bulk of the rainfall owing to warm rain production. Convective rain rates and 30-dBZ echo top heights increased with feature size and degree of organization. MCS’s occurred more frequently in periods of low-level southwesterly winds, and when low-level wind shear was enhanced. By compositing radar and sounding data by phases of easterly waves (of which there were several in 2018), troughs are shown to be associated with increased precipitation and a higher relative frequency of MCS feature occurrence, while ridges are shown to be associated with decreased precipitation and a higher relative frequency of isolated convective features.
Determination of Farmers’ Willingness to Pay for Drought Adaptation Policies in Şanlıurfa, Turkey
Authors: Aydoğdu Mustafa Hakkı , Sevinç Mehmet Reşit , Cançelik Mehmet
Published: June 2021

In Şanlıurfa, Turkey, agriculture is the most important source of income. This study aimed to determine Şanlıurfa farmers’ willingness to pay for drought adaptation policies and the factors affecting their willingness. The data were obtained from face-to-face surveys with farmers, selected using a simple random sampling method. According to the results, 50.26% perceive a risk of drought, and 35.86% are willing to pay for adaptation policies. Among those willing to pay, the average amount was $22.63 ha−1 [$1 (U.S. dollar) = TRY 5.676 (Turkish lira)], and the average for all participants was $13.55 ha−1. This adds up to a total of $14,363,000 yr−1 for Şanlıurfa. This amount is 1.47% of the annual average income of the participants and is thus within their ability to pay. Age, amount of land farmed, education level, experience, and income were factors affecting willingness to pay. Many respondents, however, were unaware of drought adaptation policies. Because there is concern that drought risk is increasing, awareness needs to be increased, for example, through extension services. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, and the results may be useful for creating and applying drought adaptation policies in both Turkey and other regions with similar socioeconomic characteristics.
Acceptance, Endurance, and Meaninglessness: A Qualitative Case Study on the Mourning Tasks of Parental Death From Childhood Experience to Adolescence
Authors: Pacaol Niñoval Flores
Published: June 2021

Bereavement and mourning are arguably one of the research interests of psychologists, psychoanalysts, and psychiatrists since Freud’s publication of Mourning and Melancholia. This paper is a qualitative case study that sought to examine the mourning experience of the participant from childhood until his adolescence. For theoretical foundation, the four tasks of mourning primarily developed by James Worden was utilized for the proper direction of the research inquiry; namely: a.) accepting the reality of death; b.) experiencing the feeling of grief; c.) adjusting and creating new meanings in the post-loss world; and d.) reconfiguring the bond with the lost person. The paper finds that the participant’s cognitive attitude, emotional experiences, and personal observations of the environment enable him to overcome actively (in an overlapping manner) the three tasks of mourning. However, the failure to find an enduring connection with his deceased parents is not a result of strong attachment but with the absence of personal belief about the meta-existence of God.
Sanctuary for Asylum Seekers: Revisiting the Religious Principle and Practice of Refuge in the Church
Authors: Guardado Leo
Published: June 2021

This article argues for a reconsideration of the tradition of church sanctuary. First, I analyze the reality of Central American asylum seekers who are systematically denied protection in the United States. Second, using the earliest Christian references to sanctuary from the fourth century, I show that sanctuary was a religious and pastoral response to persecuted persons fleeing violence and death. Third, I trace the process that led to sanctuary’s disappearance from the Code of Canon Law in the late twentieth century, and argue that there is a need to reintroduce sanctuary as a religious principle and practice of the church.
René Girard and His Critics: The Theological Compatibility and Framework of His Early Mimetic Theory
Authors: Hodge Joel
Published: June 2021

Theologians such as Sarah Coakley have recently argued that René Girard’s mimetic theory is incompatible with fundamental Catholic doctrines. Particular criticism is made of Girard’s early and foundational work on human desire and the formation of culture. In this essay, I address these major criticisms by systematically engaging Girard’s understandings of desire and culture from the earliest stages of his work. In doing this, I demonstrate the compatibility of his work with key Catholic doctrines and the way that Catholic theology provides an appropriate theological framework for Girard’s ideas, including from the earliest stages of his work.
A novel abnormal detection method for bearing temperature based on spatiotemporal fusion
Authors: Liu Yong Zhi , Zou Yi Sheng , Wu Yu , Zhang Hao Yang , Ding Guo Fu
Published: June 2021

The existing bearing temperature fault detection and early warning system has a high false alarm rate and insufficient early warning ability. For this reason, in this study, a method for detecting the abnormal bearing temperature of high-speed trains based on spatiotemporal fusion decision-making was proposed. First, the temperature characteristics of similar bearings were compared and analyzed with different spatial distributions. Then, a bearing abnormal temperature rise detection model based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) entropy method was proposed. Second, the temperature characteristics of the same bearings were compared and analyzed with different time distributions. A real-time prediction model of high-speed train bearing temperature anomalies based on Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) was proposed. Finally, the D-S evidence theory was used to combine the anomaly detection model based on the AHP entropy method and the anomaly detection model based on BILSTM real-time prediction. Through the comprehensive diagnosis and decision-making of high-speed train bearings from two dimensions of space and time, a more comprehensive and accurate anomaly detection model was realized. The experimental results showed that the spatiotemporal comparison fusion decision model successfully eliminated the misjudgment phenomenon of single-dimension model diagnosis and that it has good early warning ability.
A city on the edge: the political ecology of urban green space
Authors: Cobbinah Patrick Brandful , Nyame Valentina
Published: June 2021

African cities, faced with rapid urbanization and haphazard land use practices, struggle to address their fast-declining urban green space (UGS). Yet the spatial extent of UGS, and the influence of city planning legislation and frameworks, remains largely unexplored. Using a case study of Kumasi, Ghana, this study draws on mixed methods to address three research questions: (i) How did Kumasi’s UGS evolve from 1991 to 2019? (ii) How do city planning, legislation and the regulatory framework influence UGS management? (iii) What is the land governance institutional culture for managing UGS? Findings from the spatial analysis indicate a loss of over 80 per cent in Kumasi’s UGS between 1991 and 2019. Although unplanned urbanization, poor urban planning and political interference were frequently discussed as contributory factors, the foundational cause was found to lie in the complex and conflicting relationship between land governance agencies. This situation has resulted in the absence of a culture of coordination with regard to urban development, particularly towards UGS.
Time trends in the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an observational study
Authors: Rerkasem Amaraporn , Chotirosniramit Nuntisa , Saokhieo Pongpun , Wongthanee Antika , Rerkasem Kittipan
Published: June 2021

A cross-sectional study on men who have sex with men (MSM) for the HIV prevention project was conducted to assess the prevalence of HIV infection–related behaviors among 551 MSM recruited in 2008–2009 and 1910 MSM in 2014–2018 for voluntary counseling and testing at a HIV clinic in Chiang Mai. Overall, the study found that the prevalence of HIV infection was significantly decreased from 12.9% (71/551) in the earlier study (2008–2009) to 8.2% (157/1910) in the recent study (2014–2018) ( p = 0.001). By comparison, in 2008–2009 and 2014–2018, there was no statistically significant difference in consistent condom use (39.0% [186/477] vs. 38.9% [591/1512], p = 0.969), while unprotected anal sex with casual partners significantly increased (44.5% [159/357] vs. 51.9% [645/1242], p = 0.014) and receptive anal sex significantly increased (37.7% [180/477] vs. 45.1% [860/1905], p = 0.004). However, previous HIV testing within 1 year increased significantly from 64.6% (197/305) to 74.7% (677/906, p = 0.001). In exploratory multivariate analysis, the factors associated with HIV infection included gay men, age below 20 years, being self-employed, being an employee, having only receptive anal sex, having both receptive/insertive anal sex, being a former substance user, using online dating, having a history of sexually transmitted infection symptoms, self-perception as being at high risk for HIV, last HIV testing >1 year, and never previously testing for HIV. The data represent the trend of health-seeking behavior improvements. The findings demonstrated the need for a novel sexual health service in an endemic setting and health promotion for online partner-seeking.
Nested logistic regression models and ΔAUC applications: Change-point analysis
Authors: Lee Chun Yin
Published: June 2021

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is one of the most popular measures for evaluating the performance of a predictive model. In nested models, the change in AUC (ΔAUC) can be a discriminatory measure of whether the newly added predictors provide significant improvement in terms of predictive accuracy. Recently, several authors have shown rigorously that ΔAUC can be degenerate and its asymptotic distribution is no longer normal when the reduced model is true, but it could be the distribution of a linear combination of some [Formula: see text] random variables [ 1 , 2 ]. Hence, the normality assumption and existing variance estimate cannot be applied directly for developing a statistical test under the nested models. In this paper, we first provide a brief review on the use of ΔAUC for comparing nested logistic models and the difficulty of retrieving the reference distribution behind. Then, we present a special case of the nested logistic regression models that the newly added predictor to the reduced model contains a change-point in its effects. A new test statistic based on ΔAUC is proposed in this setting. A simple resampling scheme is proposed to approximate the critical values for the test statistic. The inference of the change-point parameter is done via m-out-of- n bootstrap. Large-scale simulation is conducted to evaluate the finite-sample performance of the ΔAUC test for the change-point model. The proposed method is applied to two real-life datasets for illustration.
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver With Rhabdoid Morphology Mimicking Carcinoma: Expanding the Morphologic Spectrum or a Distinct Variant?
Authors: Papke David J , Fisch Adam S , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , O’Neill Allison , Breen Micheál , Church Alanna J , Perez-Atayde Antonio R , Al-Ibraheemi Alyaa
Published: June 2021

Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare aggressive neoplasm that occurs predominantly in children. Like mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL), UESL harbors recurrent rearrangements involving 19q13.3 and 19q13.4, a region of the genome that contains a primate-specific cluster of micro-RNAs. Here, we present a case of a high-grade neoplasm that arose in the left hepatic lobe of a 5-year-old male and gave rise to widespread lymph node, visceral, and soft tissue metastases. The tumor was composed of sheets, tubules, and papillae of epithelioid cells with rhabdoid morphology. INI1 and BRG1 expression were retained. Tumor cells diffusely expressed epithelial markers, including multiple keratins. While the morphologic and immunophenotypic features were suggestive of poorly differentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid features, the tumor was found to harbor the t(11;19)(q13;q13.3) translocation characteristic of UESL, as well as a TP53 mutation. Given the clinical presentation, imaging, clinical course, the tumor was classified as UESL with unusual, carcinoma-like histopathologic features. In the context of an unclassified high-grade hepatic tumor in a young child, molecular or cytogenetic testing for chromosome 19q13 alterations should be considered.
High antibody levels against human herpesvirus-6A interact with lifestyle factors in multiple sclerosis development
Authors: Wu Jing , Engdahl Elin , Gustafsson Rasmus , Fogdell-Hahn Anna , Waterboer Tim , Hillert Jan , Olsson Tomas , Alfredsson Lars , Hedström Anna Karin
Published: June 2021

Background:

Infection with human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) has been suggested to increase multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. However, potential interactions between HHV-6A and environmental/lifestyle risk factors for MS have not previously been studied.

Methods:

We used two Swedish population-based case-control studies comprising 5993 cases and 5995 controls. Using logistic regression models, subjects with different HHV-6A antibody levels, environmental exposures, and lifestyle habits were compared regarding MS risk, by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential interactions between high HHV-6A antibody levels and common environmental exposures and lifestyle factors were evaluated on the additive scale.

Results:

High HHV-6A antibody levels were associated with increased risk of developing MS (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.4–1.6). Regarding MS risk, significant interactions were observed between high HHV-6A antibody levels and both smoking (attributable proportion (AP) = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.3), low ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure (AP = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–0.4), and low vitamin D levels (AP = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.0–0.6).

Conclusion:

High HHV-6A antibody levels are associated with increased MS risk and act synergistically with common environmental/lifestyle risk factors for MS. Further research is needed to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the interactions presented in this study.
Automated graves: The precarity and prosthetics of caring for the dead in Japan
Authors: Allison Anne
Published: June 2021

Once dependent on family to bury and memorialize the dead, caring for the deceased has become increasingly precarious in the wake of a decreasing and aging population, a trend towards single households, and downsizing of social relationality—including the temple parishioner system once key in mortuary rituals. In the new “ending” marketplace emerging today to help Japanese manage this precarity, automated graves offer customers a convenient burial spot in an urban ossuary where ashes, interred in a deposit box, are automatically transferred to a grave upon visitation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, the article examines the just-in-time delivery system at work in automated graves, arguing that the mechanism serves as a social prosthesis, propping up the allure of social caring for the dead, even for those whose ashes are never visited by human relations. With over 30 such institutions now operating in Japan, automated graves are a sign of changing sociality between the living and the dead.
Smartphones as actors: A new digital disability care actor-network in China
Authors: Lin Zhongxuan , Yang Liu
Published: June 2021

Disability care is an understudied yet important phenomenon within the realm of caring media studies. It not only adds another identity-based lens for caring media studies but also proposes new questions at the intersection of media, disability and cultural studies. This study proposes a Chinese contextualized understanding of disability caring media, which may have broader implications in other contexts, even a global one. Mainly based on actor-network theory (ANT), this study looks at the smartphone as a new condition and a key actor in the emerging digital disability care actor-network to examine various modes of connections and associations, especially the application-network, the device-network, and the organization-network. This study seeks to provide a better understanding as to how meanings and technologies are enacted together in everyday caring practices, and how social dynamics are assembled and reassembled in contemporary disability caring media settings.
In memoriam Professor Luc Picard (1937–2021)
Authors: Rodesch Georges , Bracard Serge
Published: June 2021

Professor Luc Picard was one of the pioneers of Interventional Neuroradiology
Anaemia: A risk factor for death and adverse outcomes following surgery for acute lower limb ischaemia
Authors: Perren Daniel , Shelmerdine Lauren , Boylan Luke , Nesbitt Craig , Prentis James , Nandhra Sandip
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) forms a significant part of the vascular surgery workload and carries with it high rates of morbidity and mortality. Anaemia is also common amongst vascular surgical patients and has been linked with poor outcomes in some subgroups. We aimed to assess the frequency of anaemia in patients with ALI and its impact on survival and complications following revascularisation to help direct future efforts to optimise outcomes in this patient group.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected departmental data on patients undergoing surgical intervention for ALI between 2014 and 2018 was performed. Anaemia was defined as a pre-operative haemoglobin (Hb) of <120 g/L for women and <130 g/L for men. The primary outcome was overall survival, assessed with the Kaplan–Meier estimator, with application of Cox proportional hazard modelling to adjust for confounding covariates.

Results

There were 158 patients who underwent treatment for ALI: 89 (56.3%) of these were non-anaemic with a mean Hb of 146 (SD = 18.4), and 69 (43.7%) were anaemic with a mean Hb of 106 (SD = 13.4). Anaemic patients had a significantly higher risk of death than their non-anaemic counterparts on univariate analysis (HR = 2.11, 95% CIs, 1.28–3.5, p = 0.0036). There was ongoing divergence in survival up to around 6 months between anaemic and non-anaemic groups. Under the Cox model, anaemia was similarly significant as a predictor of death (HR = 2.15, 95% CIs, 1.17–3.95, p = 0.013), accounting for recorded comorbidities, medication use and blood transfusion.

Conclusions

Anaemia is a significant and independent risk factor for death following revascularisation for ALI and can be potentially be modified. Vascular surgical centres should ensure they have robust pathways in place to identify and consider treating anaemia. There is scope for further work to assess how to best optimise a patient’s levels of circulating haemoglobin.
Products for Monitoring Glucose Levels in the Human Body With Noninvasive Optical, Noninvasive Fluid Sampling, or Minimally Invasive Technologies
Authors: Shang Trisha , Zhang Jennifer Y. , Thomas Andreas , Arnold Mark A. , Vetter Beatrice N. , Heinemann Lutz , Klonoff David C.
Published: June 2021

Background:

Conventional home blood glucose measurements require a sample of blood that is obtained by puncturing the skin at the fingertip. To avoid the pain associated with this procedure, there is high demand for medical products that allow glucose monitoring without blood sampling. In this review article, all such products are presented.

Methods:

In order to identify such products, four different sources were used: (1) PubMed, (2) Google Patents, (3) Diabetes Technology Meeting Startup Showcase participants, and (4) experts in the field of glucose monitoring. The information obtained were filtered by using two inclusion criteria: (1) regulatory clearance, and/or (2) significant coverage in Google News starting in the year 2016, unless the article indicated that the product had been discontinued. The identified bloodless monitoring products were classified into three categories: (1) noninvasive optical, (2) noninvasive fluid sampling, and (3) minimally invasive devices.

Results:

In total, 28 noninvasive optical, 6 noninvasive fluid sampling, and 31 minimally invasive glucose monitoring products were identified. Subsequently, these products were characterized according to their regulatory, technological, and consumer features. Products with regulatory clearance are described in greater detail according to their advantages and disadvantages, and with design images.

Conclusions:

Based on favorable technological features, consumer features, and other advantages, several bloodless products are commercially available and promise to enhance diabetes management. Paths for future products are discussed with an emphasis on understanding existing barriers related to both technical and non-technical issues.
Language is land, land is language: The importance of Indigenous languages
Authors: Chiblow Susan , Meighan Paul J.
Published: June 2021

This collaborative opinion piece, written from the authors’ personal perspectives (Anishinaabe and Gàidheal) on Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwe language) and Gàidhlig (Scottish Gaelic language), discusses the importance of maintaining and revitalizing Indigenous languages, particularly in these times of climate and humanitarian crises. The authors will give their personal responses, rooted in lived experiences, on five areas they have identified as a starting point for their discussion: (1) why Indigenous languages are important; (2) the effects of colonization on Indigenous languages; (3) the connections/responsibilities to the land, such as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), embedded in Indigenous languages; (4) the importance of land-based learning and education, full language immersion, and the challenges associated with implementing these strategies for Indigenous language maintenance and revitalization; and (5) where we can go from here.
Successful treatment of pulmonary hypertension following hematopoietic stem cell transplant with a single oral tadalafil: a case report
Authors: Tanaka Toshikazu D. , Ishizawar David C. , Saito Takeshi , Yoshii Akira , Yoshimura Michihiro
Published: June 2021

A 46‐year‐old man who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant twice because of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with recurrence presented with dyspnea, leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension which was quickly and effectively treated with the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil. To our knowledge, pulmonary arterial hypertension related to hematologic malignancies requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplant is rarely reported. Importantly, the present case suggests that early diagnosis and treatment with a pulmonary vasodilator, such as tadalafil, can greatly decrease pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension after hematopoietic stem cell transplant and can then improve other symptoms. Accordingly, pulmonary vascular disease should be considered if respiratory symptoms develop following hematopoietic stem cell transplant, because treatment with pulmonary vasodilator may lead to significant improvement in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
What is the content of virtually delivered pain management programmes for people with persistent musculoskeletal pain? A systematic review
Authors: Booth Gregory , Williams Deborah , Patel Hasina , Gilbert Anthony W
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Virtual consultations (VC) have been embraced by healthcare organisations during the COVID-19 pandemic. VC allows continuation of patient care while adhering to government advised restrictions and social distancing measures. Multidisciplinary pain management programmes (PMPs) are a core element of many pain services and utilising virtual methods to deliver PMPs has allowed them to continue to provide care. This systematic review aimed to explore the content of existing virtually delivered PMPs and discuss if and how these findings can be used to guide clinical delivery.

Methods:

Eligible studies included adults (aged ⩾18 years) with persistent musculoskeletal pain and any virtually delivered intervention that was described as a PMP or that had components of PMPs. Databases were searched from inception until July 2020. We performed a content analysis comparing existing interventions with established evidence-based clinical guidelines published by the British Pain Society (BPS). Intervention reporting quality was assessed using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist: an established checklist developed to improve the completeness of the reporting of interventions.

Results:

Eight studies were included. One intervention included six of the seven components recommended by the BPS; none included all seven. ‘Skills training and activity management’ was present in all eight interventions; ‘education’ and ‘cognitive therapy methods’ were present in six interventions; ‘graded activation’ and ‘methods to enhance acceptance, mindfulness and psychological flexibility’ were present in four interventions; ‘physical exercise’ was present in two interventions and ‘graded exposure’ was present in one intervention. None of the studies described all 12 items of the TIDieR checklist adequately enough for replication.

Conclusion:

Published virtual PMPs partially meet established clinical guidelines. Future virtual PMPs should be based on evidence-based clinical guidelines, and more research is needed to explore the effectiveness of virtually delivered PMPs and each recommended component.
Open window thoracostomy for a chronic calcified pleural empyema in the setting of a closed chest trauma
Authors: Harmouchi H , Hamraoui Y , Lakranbi M , Belliraj L , Lamouime FZ , Ghaouti M , Ouadnouni Y , Smahi M
Published: June 2021

This case report is a chronic calcified pleural empyema in a patient who suffered a closed chest trauma 30 years ago. The first goal is to demonstrate how the closed chest trauma caused a bronchopleural fistula of the calcified pleural empyema, since the patient began to report continued purulent sputum after his trauma with weight loss and the appearance of an air-fluid level in the chest CT scan (no pleurocutaneous fistula in the clinical examination). The second goal is to reveal the rule and the interest of an open window thoracostomy in the management of chronic calcified pleural empyema, since a decortication remains difficult to perform in cases like this one.