bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking modal interactions in nonlinear energy sink dynamics via high-dimensional invariant manifold
Authors: Habib Giuseppe , Romeo Francesco
Published: September 2020

A nonlinear energy sink (NES), conceived to mitigate the vibrations of a multi-degree-of-freedom host mechanical system, is considered. The high-dimensional slow invariant manifold (SIM) describing the high-amplitude slow dynamics of the system is derived and exploited to interpret its transient regimes caused by impulsive excitation. It is shown that algebraic expressions derived from the SIM formulation enable to identify the so-called interaction points, providing the conditions in which two modes of the primary system interact and share energy through the nonlinear absorber. Moreover, the mutual effect of differently activated host system modes on the NES energy dissipation mechanism is discussed. Through sections of the multidimensional SIM, modal interaction triggering resonance capture cascades (RCC) can be effectively explained. The dissipation capabilities are eventually assessed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the RCC regime.
The impact of the leverage effect on the implied volatility smile: evidence for the German option market
Authors: Rathgeber A. W. , Stadler J. , Stöckl S.
Published: September 2020

It is a widely known theoretical derivation, that the firm’s leverage is negatively related to volatility of stock returns, although the empirical evidence is still outstanding. To empirically evaluate the leverage we first complement previous simulation studies by deriving theoretical predictions of leverage changes on the volatility smile. Even more important, we empirically test these predictions with an event study using intra-day Eurex option data and a unique data set of 138 ad-hoc news. For our theoretically derived predictions we observe that changes in leverage of DAX companies from 1999 to 2014 cause significant changes to the implied volatility smile.
End-of-life modelling of buildings to support more informed decisions towards achieving circular economy targets
Authors: Mirzaie Sahar , Thuring Mihaela , Allacker Karen
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally accepted method to assess the environmental impacts of buildings. A major methodological challenge remains the modelling of the end-of-life stage of buildings and allocation of benefits and burdens between systems. Various approaches are hence applied in practice to date. This paper compares the two methods widely renowned in Europe—the EC product environmental footprint (PEF) method and the CEN standards: EN 15804+A1 and EN15978—and offers insights about their fitness for achieving circularity goals.

Methods

The EC PEF method and the CEN EN 15804/EN 15978 standards were methodologically analysed with a focus on the end-of-life modelling and allocation approach and were applied to a building case study. The EN 15804+A1 standard explains the guidelines but does not offer a modelling formula. Accordingly, this paper proposes a formula for the CEN standards using identical parameters as in the end-of-life circular footprint formula (CFF) of the EC PEF Guidance v6.3 to increase consistency among LCA studies. The calculation formulas were then applied to a newly constructed office building. A comparative analysis of both the implementation and results are described, and recommendations are formulated.

Results

In the absence of databases compatible with the two LCA methods and comprising all building products, the Ecoinvent datasets had to be remodelled to enable a comparative modular assessment. This proved to be a laborious process. The EC PEF method and CEN standards showed similar impacts and hotspots for the case study building. The module D in the CEN standards includes a significant share of positive impacts, but due to collective accounting, it does not clearly communicate these benefits. The summation of burdens and benefits in the EC PEF method reduces its transparency, while the allocation and quality factors enable this method to better capture the market realities and drive circular economy goals.

Conclusions

The construction sector and the LCI database developers are encouraged to create the missing LCA databases compatible with the modular and end-of-life allocation modelling requirements of both methods. More prescriptive and meticulous guidelines, with further harmonization between the EC PEF method and the CEN standards and their end-of-life allocation formula, would largely increase comparability and reliability of LCA studies and communications. To improve transparency, it is recommended to report the module D impacts per life cycle stage as per the CEN standards and the burdens and benefits separately for each life cycle stage as per the EC PEF method.
Early Peri-operative Outcomes Were Unchanged in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City
Authors: Louie Philip K. , Barber Lauren A. , Morse Kyle W. , Syku Marie , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Lafage Virginie , Huang Russel C. , Carli Alberto V.
Published: September 2020

Background

Healthcare resources have been greatly limited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic halting non-essential surgical cases without clear service expansion protocols.

Questions/Purposes

We sought to compare the peri-operative outcomes of patients undergoing spine surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to a matched cohort prior to the pandemic.

Methods

We identified a consecutive sample of 127 adult patients undergoing spine surgery between March 9, 2020, and April 10, 2020, corresponding with the state of emergency declared in New York and the latest possible time for 1-month surgical follow-up. The study group was matched one-to-one based on age, gender, and body mass index with eligible control patients who underwent similar spine procedures prior to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Surgeries performed for infectious or oncologic indications were excluded. Intra- and post-operative complication rates, re-operations, hospital length of stay, re-admissions, post-operative visit format, development of post-operative fever and/or respiratory symptoms, and SAR-CoV2 testing.

Results

A total of 254 patients (127 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, 127 matched controls) were included. One hundred fifty-eight were male (62%), and 96 were female (38%). The mean age in the pandemic group was 59.8 ± 13.4 years; that of the matched controls was 60.3 ± 12.3. All patients underwent general anesthesia and did not require re-intubation. There were no significant differences in 1-month post-operative complication rates (16.5% pandemic vs. 12.6% control). There was one death in the pandemic group. No patients tested positive for the virus.

Conclusion

This study represents the first report of post-operative outcomes in a large group of spine surgical patients in an area heavily affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
3D modeling and simulation of thermal effects during profile grinding
Authors: Schieber C. , Hettig M. , Zaeh M. F. , Heinzel C.
Published: September 2020

A new heat transfer model for profile grinding was developed to analyze distortions caused by residual tensile stresses in linear guide rails. The simulative analysis of the thermal effects caused by a non-uniform heat source on the surface using the finite element method depends on an accurate representation of the locally variable contact area. The complexity of the V-groove profile disqualifies a 2-dimensional simulation approches so far used in the literature. This paper focuses on the redefinition of these mathematical relationships of the process parameters and the resulting heat flux. The heat flux model is adapted to the geometry of the workpiece depending on the grinding parameters and approximating the V-groove of a linear guide rail. This 3-dimensional modeling allows a better understanding of the thermo-metallurgical effects that occur during the grinding process. Furthermore, the calculation of the internal stresses induced into the workpiece material through the grinding process is possible. The simulation model results in a generally valid model for the analysis of distortions. In order to confirm the validity of the new heat flux profile, a comparison of the different finite element simulation results was made and experiments under wet grinding conditions were conducted. The results show that the newly developed grinding process model allows a more accurate prediction of workpiece distortion caused by grinding forces and temperatures. This research also offers a new approach to a method based on a 2-dimensional implementation developed in the literature for predicting the distortions of linear guide rails and a derivation of possible simulation-based compensation strategies.
Hydrogeochemical Assessment and Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Selected Areas of Bishnupur District, Manipur
Authors: Alam Wazir , Gyanendra Yumnam , Chanda Rajdeep , Laishram Ranu Jajo , Nesa Nashimun
Published: September 2020

Hydrogeochemical evaluation and assessment of groundwater quality was carried for selected areas of Bishnupur district of Manipur to ensure its suitability for drinking and irrigational uses. Twenty physico-chemical parameters of groundwater samples from thirty-one spatially distributed areas were assesed including major geogenic contaminants such as Fe3+, As3+ and F- to ensure public health safety. In-situ parameters such as temperature, pH, EC, DO, salinity, ORP, TDS were determined using field sensors and other parameters were analysed using standards methods. The suitability of groundwater for potable use was assessed using drinking water quality index based on World Health Organisation standards. Groundwater quality indices exhibit very poor results due to presence of high dissolved solids, higher values of EC, excessive hardness and presence of geogenic contaminants in the groundwater samples. Irrigational water quality of groundwater resources showed satisfactory results according to the various irrigational water quality parameters and indices. Geochemical evaluation showed most of the groundwater sources are dominated by Ca-Mg-Na-HCO3−-Cl− type of water mainly originated from silicate and carbonate rock-weathering or dissolutions processes.
Response to: Rethinking Human Development and the Shared Intentionality Hypothesis
Authors: Tomasello Michael
Published: September 2020

I respond to Moll, Nichols, and Mackey’s review of my book Becoming Human. I agree with many of their points, but have my own point of view on some others.
Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites
Authors: Lin Tzu-Lung , Lu Chia-Chen , Lai Wei-Fan , Wu Ting-Shu , Lu Jang-Jih , Chen Young-Mao , Tzeng Chi-Meng , Liu Hong-Tao , Wei Hong , Lai Hsin-Chih
Published: September 2020

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
Correction to: Human cytomegalovirus DNA and immediate early protein 1/2 are highly associated with glioma and prognosis
Authors: Wen Le , Zhao Fei , Qiu Yong , Cheng Shuang , Sun Jin-Yan , Fang Wei , Rayner Simon , McVoy Michael A. , Jiang Xing-Jun , Tang Qiyi , Li Fang-Cheng , Hu Fei , Luo Min-Hua
Published: September 2020

In the original publication the email addresses of corresponding authors have not been displayed. The correct email addresses of corresponding authors are provided in this correction. Fang-Cheng Li (sjwklfc@126.com), Fei Hu (neuron111@163.com), Min-Hua Luo (luomh@wh.iov.cn).
Phosphorus retention, erosion protection and farmers’ perceptions of riparian buffer zones with grass and natural vegetation: Case studies from South-Eastern Norway
Authors: Blankenberg Anne-Grete Buseth , Skarbøvik Eva
Published: September 2020

Phosphorus retention and bank erosion was investigated in two types of buffer zones in cereal fields in Norway: zones used for grass production and zones with natural vegetation. Farmers’ views on the two types of buffer zones were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Our results indicate that the grassed buffer zones had higher levels of plant-available phosphorus and lower infiltration rates than the natural ones. Bank erosion was higher in zones with grass production than those with trees. Interviews with farmers revealed diverging opinions on the zones. Most farmers were sceptical to natural vegetation with trees, whereas farmers who had already planted trees in the riparian zones were generally satisfied. Buffer zones can have many different functions, and we conclude that a holistic approach is needed when assessing the usefulness of this measure, taking into account water quality, biodiversity and the production of food, fodder and biomass.
Tribonacci numbers that are concatenations of two repdigits
Authors: Ddamulira Mahadi
Published: September 2020

Let $$ (T_{n})_{n\ge 0} $$

(

T
n

)

n
≥
0

be the sequence of Tribonacci numbers defined by $$ T_0=0 $$

T
0

=
0

, $$ T_1=T_2=1$$

T
1

=

T
2

=
1

, and $$ T_{n+3}= T_{n+2}+T_{n+1} +T_n$$

T

n
+
3

=

T

n
+
2

+

T

n
+
1

+

T
n

for all $$ n\ge 0 $$

n
≥
0

. In this note, we use of lower bounds for linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers and the Baker-Davenport reduction procedure to find all Tribonacci numbers that are concatenations of two repdigits.
The Effects of Marital Status, Fertility, and Bereavement on Adult Mortality in Polygamous and Monogamous Households: Evidence From the Utah Population Database
Authors: Barclay Kieron J. , Thorén Robyn Donrovich , Hanson Heidi A. , Smith Ken R.
Published: September 2020

Although the associations among marital status, fertility, bereavement, and adult mortality have been widely studied, much less is known about these associations in polygamous households, which remain prevalent across much of the world. We use data from the Utah Population Database on 110,890 women and 106,979 men born up to 1900, with mortality follow-up into the twentieth century. We examine how the number of wife deaths affects male mortality in polygamous marriages, how sister wife deaths affect female mortality in polygamous marriages relative to the death of a husband, and how marriage order affects the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. We also examine how the number of children ever born and child deaths affect the mortality of men and women as well as variation across monogamous and polygamous unions. Our analyses of women show that the death of a husband and the death of a sister wife have similar effects on mortality. Marriage order does not play a role in the mortality of women in polygamous marriages. For men, the death of one wife in a polygamous marriage increases mortality to a lesser extent than it does for men in monogamous marriages. For polygamous men, losing additional wives has a dose-response effect. Both child deaths and lower fertility are associated with higher mortality. We consistently find that the presence of other kin in the household—whether a second wife, a sister wife, or children—mitigates the negative effects of bereavement.
Initial treatment for patients with temporomandibular disorders: pain relief and muscle tone relief by photobiomodulation therapy using carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Fukuoka Nobuko , Daigo Yuki , Daigo Erina , Kibe Toshiro , Ishikawa Masatsugu
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To investigate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with a CO2 laser (Bel Laser, Takara Belmont, CO. Ltd., Osaka, Japan; wavelength 10.6 μm) (tissue surface absorption effects) in conjunction with mouth opening training in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs).

Methods

This is a retrospective study on TMD patients with pre- and post-treatment assessments. The study included 36 patients (7 men and 29 women, mean age 58.2 years (SD 18.3)) (after excluding 4 patients due to dropouts, loss to follow up or refusal of treatment) with symptoms of pain and muscle tenderness during mouth opening. Treatment included Amfenac sodium (50 mg per day, thrice daily after meals) for 1–2 weeks for acute symptoms. Based on the diagnostic criteria for TMD, we identified the trigger point (muscle contracture site). We implemented muscle massage and stretching therapy as mouth opening training after PBMT. The laser irradiance conditions were as follows: output 1.5 W, on time 0.01 s, off time 0.05 s, and repeat pulse. Distance between the laser source and the skin was approximately 10 cm; irradiation time was 3 min (approximately 56.9 J/cm2). Mouth opening training involved massaging the areas of muscle contracture that were the trigger points, as well as muscle stretching to improve temporomandibular joint flexibility. One PBMT cycle and mouth opening training was conducted per week for four cycles. We determined the effects before and after intervention. A numeric rating scale (NRS; range 0–10) was used to evaluate pain, and maximum mouth opening (MMO) capacity was also assessed. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

The mean (SD) pain levels, as determined via NRS, were 4.9(3.6) and 2.7 (3.0) (p < 0.001), before and after four treatment cycles, respectively. The mean (SD) of MMO was 39.6 (5.9) and 44.6 mm (4.8) (p < 0.001), before and after treatment, respectively.

Conclusion

The current study suggests that PBMT using a CO2 laser combined with mouth opening training is effective for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders.
Evaluation of plant characteristics related to grain yield of FAO410 and FAO340 hybrids using regression models
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Nasir , Nagy János
Published: September 2020

In breeding programs, estimation of increase in yield based on changes in effective plant traits is of great importance, which can be identified using regression modeling. The regression model refers to the prediction of the value of a dependent variable from the values of one or more independent variables. This study evaluated morphological traits of maize (FAO410) on six treatments of fertilizer in 2 years in Debrecen University by the regression model. This experiment was RCBD with four replications in the Látókép zone. Treatments were included in different levels of fertilizer: nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium. The regression model was significant at one percent that showed morphological traits have a straight effect on the yield of maize in FAO410 and FAO340. Grain yield had a positive correlation with plant height, outer ear diameter, the weight of ear, weight of cob, number of leaves, weight of all seeds in each ear, the weight of one thousand seeds on FAO410, and grain yield had a positive correlation with plant height, stem diameter, outer ear diameter, the weight of ear, weight of cob, number of seeds in each column, weight of all seeds in each ear, weight of the fresh plant in a hectare, the weight of one thousand seeds on FAO340 too. Cluster analysis showed the traits classification on two groups on hybrids. Reach maximum grain yield require the evaluation of yield components and their effect.
Demographic Context, Mass Deportation, and Latino Linked Fate
Authors: Maltby Elizabeth , Rocha Rene R. , Jones Bradford , Vannette David L.
Published: September 2020

What explains why some Latinos feel strongly tied to their coethnics while others do not? Demographic context is one of the most cited predictors of identity strength, but the size and direction of its effects are disputed. Geographic differences in policy environments may explain the phenomenon. We argue that high levels of immigration enforcement indirectly lead to increased feelings of ethnic linked fate by determining where and how demographic context—in this case, the size of the immigrant population—will be salient. To test this, we combine information from local immigration-enforcement data (obtained via Freedom of Information Act requests) with the Latino Decisions' 2016 Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey. The results suggest native-born Latinos have a stronger sense of ethnic linked fate when they live near large immigrant populations and rates of enforcement are high. When enforcement is low, the presence of immigrants has a negligible effect on native-born attitudes. Foreign-born Latinos' sense of linked fate is unaffected by policy context. These results suggest that as immigration enforcement becomes intensifies, conservative politicians may see increased backlash, at least in certain communities, from native-born Latinos. This is because feelings about ethnic linked fate correlate with increased participation and more proimmigrant policy stances.
Rounding as an indicator of bias in reported body weight in health surveys
Authors: García-González Juan Manuel , Martin-Criado Enrique
Published: September 2020

Due to the higher costs and selection bias of directly measuring weight, the majority of body weight data are based on survey responses. However, these statements are subject to systematic biases of social desirability; therefore, it is important to evaluate the magnitude of bias through indirect indicators such as rounding of weights. Data from seven rounds of the Spanish National Health Survey from 1995 to 2017 were included in the study, with 113,284 subjects. A general rounding index of weights terminating in 0 and 5, and a partial rounding index that estimated the bias direction, were used to estimate the bias distribution in the self-reporting of body weight. All body weights were systematically rounded, although more strongly in the lower weights and even more so in the higher weights. Lower weights were rounded up, and the higher weights rounded down. Regarding gender, men had higher rounding indices than women. The subjects generally reported a weight closer to the socially desirable weight. Rounding allows estimating the historical evolution of this bias in health and nutrition surveys, having more accurate information by population segments and designing public policies against obesity aimed at the more affected social segments.
Investigation of turbulent transport regimes in the tokamak edge by using two-fluid simulations
Authors: Giacomin M. , Ricci P.
Published: September 2020

The results of flux-driven, two-fluid simulations in single-null configurations are used to investigate the processes determining the turbulent transport in the tokamak edge. Three turbulent transport regimes are identified: (i) a developed transport regime with turbulence driven by an interchange instability, which shares a number of features with the standard L-mode of tokamak operation; (ii) a suppressed transport regime, characterized by a higher value of the energy confinement time, low-amplitude relative fluctuations driven by a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, a strong

$\boldsymbol {E}\times \boldsymbol {B}$

sheared flow and the formation of a transport barrier, which recalls the H-mode; and (iii) a degraded confinement regime, characterized by a catastrophically large interchange-driven turbulent transport, which recalls the crossing of the Greenwald density limit. We derive an analytical expression of the pressure gradient length in the three regimes. The transition from the developed transport regime to the suppressed transport regime is obtained by increasing the heat source or decreasing the collisionality and vice versa for the transition from the developed transport regime to the degraded confinement regime. An analytical expression of the power threshold to access the suppressed transport regime, linked to the power threshold for H-mode access, as well as the maximum density achievable before entering the degraded confinement regime, related to the Greenwald density, are also derived. The experimental dependencies of the power threshold for H-mode access on density, tokamak major radius and isotope mass are retrieved. The analytical estimate of the density limit contains the correct dependence on the plasma current and on the tokamak minor radius.
Domains of modulation parameter in the interaction of finite Airy–Gaussian laser beams with plasma
Authors: Pawar V. S. , Kokare S. R. , Patil S. D. , Takale M. V.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, self-focusing of finite Airy–Gaussian (AiG) laser beams in collisionless plasma has been investigated. The source of nonlinearity considered herein is relativistic. Based on the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) and paraxial-ray approximations, the nonlinear coupled differential equations for beam-width parameters in transverse dimensions of AiG beams have been established. The effect of beam's modulation parameter and linear absorption coefficient on the self-focusing/defocusing of the beams is specifically considered. It is found that self-focusing/defocusing of finite AiG beams depends on the range of modulation parameter. The extent of self-focusing is found to decrease with increase in absorption.
Mediating role of depressive symptoms linking insecure attachment and disordered eating in adolescents: A multiwave longitudinal study
Authors: Cortés-García L. , Viddal K. R. , Wichstrøm L. , Senra C.
Published: September 2020

Research has supported a link between insecure attachment and disordered eating in adolescents; however, how this influence is exerted remains unclear. This study explored whether depressive symptoms constitute a pathway through which insecure attachment to parents predicts subsequent development of disordered eating in the transition from childhood to adolescence. The study also examines whether there are differential effects regarding the attachment figure, child's gender, or reciprocity between variables. A community-based sample of Spanish youth (n= 904; 49.4% girls) was followed biennially from age 10 to 16 years. Attachment, depressive symptoms, and disordered eating were measured using the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment, Children's Depression Inventory, and Children's Eating Attitudes Test, respectively. Prospective data were analyzed using a dynamic panel model, which accounts for unmeasured time-invariant factors. Whereas insecure attachment to the father did not predict later depression or disordered eating, higher insecure attachment to the mother at ages 10 and 12 years predicted more disordered eating at ages 14 and 16 years via increased depressive symptoms at ages 12 and 14 years. No child's gender-specific or reverse mediational effects were found. This study suggests that an increase in depressive symptoms might be one mechanism by which insecure attachment exerts its influence on the development of eating disorders symptomatology in adolescence. Intervention efforts aimed at strengthening particularly the mother–child attachment relationship may reduce the vulnerability to develop depressive symptoms and disordered eating.
Blended cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents with panic disorder co-morbid with autism spectrum disorder: a case study
Authors: Hamatani Sayo , Matsumoto Kazuki , Shirayama Yukihiko
Published: September 2020

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for improving anxiety symptoms in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, some patients with ASD take extra time for learning, and they can find it hard to change their thinking styles and behaviour due to cognitive deficits. The therapist must be creative when implementing CBT in this context. Here, it may be helpful for the patient with ASD to understand CBT’s concepts by using visual aid material. Blended CBT during which the patient is shown visual aid material with his or her therapist has been suggested as effective for adults without ASD to reduce anxiety. Blended CBT combines face-to-face treatment with internet guided support and resource. Blended CBT may facilitate an understanding of essential knowledge and help people with ASD and anxiety acquire skills based on cognitive behavioural science. However, as far as we know, no previous studies have reported on the use of blended CBT for patients with panic disorder co-morbid with ASD. This study, therefore, consecutively performed 16 blended CBT sessions on a biweekly basis to treat panic disorder (PD) in an adolescent Japanese female co-morbid with ASD. The patient exhibited improvements in PD symptoms and agoraphobia after treatment: the Panic Disorder Severity Scale score decreased from 18 to 2. These results indicate that visual aid-assisted treatment may help patients with impaired imagination and social cognition related to ASD. Furthermore, this study’s therapist notes the need for paced treatments and repeated psychoeducation for patients with impairments in central coherence and cognitive flexibility.

Key learning aims

(1)

Blended CBT may patients with panic disorder (PD) co-morbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to understand concepts based on cognitive behavioural science and symptoms.

(2)

Blended CBT sessions can each be conducted in approximately 20 min (about one-third of the time needed for typical 45- to 90-min CBT sessions); in other words, it is less burdensome for the patient and therapist.

(3)

How to adjust blended CBT for those who have low average intelligence quotients (IQ) and/or ASD.
Wenn Nerven nerven
Authors: Egloff Niklaus , Bischoff Nina
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Handchirurgie ist oftmals Nervenchirurgie. Durch Kompression oder Läsion entstehen neurogene Schmerzen, die oftmals sehr schwierig zu therapieren sind. Für die Behandelten und die Behandelnden ist dies eine Herausforderung. In diesem Sinne können Nerven nerven. Folgender Text exploriert und illustriert die weitreichende soziolinguistische Bedeutung von Hand und Nerv. In zahlreichen Begriffen und allegorischen Wendungen kommt die psychosoziale Dimension von Hand und Nerv zum Ausdruck. Dies sei ein Fingerzeig für die Handchirurgie, die in diesem komplexen Bedeutungsfeld operiert.
Neurologische Evaluation des neuropathischen Schmerzes
Authors: Blanquet Marisa , Scheidegger Olivier
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Neuropathische Schmerzen entstehen nach Läsionen des zentralen oder des peripheren Nervensystems. Die nozizeptiven Schmerzen – Schmerzen bei denen das somatosensorische Nervensystem intakt ist – lassen sich anders als die neuropathischen Schmerzen behandeln. Mittels Anamnese und klinisch-neurologischer Untersuchung kann der Phänotyp des neuropathischen Schmerzes eruiert, und mittels entsprechender apparativen Diagnostik entweder strukturell oder funktionell der Schaden am somatosensorischen Nervensystem nachgewiesen werden. Einige dieser Untersuchungsmethoden wurden bei neuropathischen Schmerzen validiert und beinhalten bildgebende Verfahren mittels MRT und Nervenultraschall, histopathologische Abklärungen und neurophysiologische Tests.
Assessments des neurogenen Schmerzes in der Handtherapie am Beispiel des Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)
Authors: Kammermann Patricia , Tobler Bernadette , Vögelin Esther
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung. Schmerzen beeinträchtigen den Alltag von Betroffenen massiv. Ist ein Nerv verletzt, sind die Schmerzen zudem oft komplexer, da sie neben der Einschränkung der Sensibilität und / oder der Motorik auch die Trophik des betroffenen Hautareals massgeblich verändern können. Schmerz zu objektivieren ist schwierig. Dennoch gibt es einige Möglichkeiten, diesen in der Handtherapie zu erfassen. Eine umfassende Dokumentation von Schmerzen, speziell den neurogen verursachten, und deren Auswirkungen ist deshalb eine unabdingbare Voraussetzung, um die Therapie individuell gestalten zu können. Guidelines empfehlen einen frühen Therapiestart, ein multimodales Vorgehen sowie eine Mischung aus medikamentösen und nicht medikamentösen Massnahmen. Empfehlungen sind aufgrund eines vielfach komplexen Verlaufs individuell anzupassen. Daher bilden eine offene und transparente Kommunikation, eine stabile therapeutische Beziehung sowie die aktive Mitarbeit der Betroffenen neben dem fachlichen Wissen eine Grundvoraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Therapie. In diesem Artikel werden die häufigsten handtherapeutischen Assessments bei neurogenen Schmerzen vorgestellt, wie sie zum Beispiel bei einem Complex Regional Pain Syndrome angewendet werden. Anhand eines Patientenbeispiels wird die klinische Untersuchung einer Allodynie genauer beschrieben. Mögliche Therapieziele und -inhalte werden aufgezeigt. Trotz aller eingeleiteter Massnahmen bleibt die Behandlung von Schmerzen eine Herausforderung, welche nur im interdisziplinären Setting und mit Hilfe der Betroffenen angegangen werden kann.
Single-cell transcriptomics in cancer: computational challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fan Jean , Slowikowski Kamil , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2020

Intratumor heterogeneity is a common characteristic across diverse cancer types and presents challenges to current standards of treatment. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing and imaging technologies provide opportunities to identify and characterize these aspects of heterogeneity. Notably, transcriptomic profiling at a single-cell resolution enables quantitative measurements of the molecular activity that underlies the phenotypic diversity of cells within a tumor. Such high-dimensional data require computational analysis to extract relevant biological insights about the cell types and states that drive cancer development, pathogenesis, and clinical outcomes. In this review, we highlight emerging themes in the computational analysis of single-cell transcriptomics data and their applications to cancer research. We focus on downstream analytical challenges relevant to cancer research, including how to computationally perform unified analysis across many patients and disease states, distinguish neoplastic from nonneoplastic cells, infer communication with the tumor microenvironment, and delineate tumoral and microenvironmental evolution with trajectory and RNA velocity analysis. We include discussions of challenges and opportunities for future computational methodological advancements necessary to realize the translational potential of single-cell transcriptomic profiling in cancer.
Spectrum projection with a bandgap-gradient perovskite cell for colour perception
Authors: Zhang Mei-Na , Wu Xiaohan , Riaud Antoine , Wang Xiao-Lin , Xie Fengxian , Liu Wen-Jun , Mei Yongfeng , Zhang David Wei , Ding Shi-Jin
Published: September 2020

Optoelectronic devices for light or spectral signal detection are desired for use in a wide range of applications, including sensing, imaging, optical communications, and in situ characterization. However, existing photodetectors indicate only light intensities, whereas multiphotosensor spectrometers require at least a chip-level assembly and can generate redundant signals for applications that do not need detailed spectral information. Inspired by human visual and psychological light perceptions, the compression of spectral information into representative intensities and colours may simplify spectrum processing at the device level. Here, we propose a concept of spectrum projection using a bandgap-gradient semiconductor cell for intensity and colour perception. Bandgap-gradient perovskites, prepared by a halide-exchanging method via dipping in a solution, are developed as the photoactive layer of the cell. The fabricated cell produces two output signals: one shows linear responses to both photon energy and flux, while the other depends on only photon flux. Thus, by combining the two signals, the single device can project the monochromatic and broadband spectra into the total photon fluxes and average photon energies (i.e., intensities and hues), which are in good agreement with those obtained from a commercial photodetector and spectrometer. Under changing illumination in real time, the prepared device can instantaneously provide intensity and hue results. In addition, the flexibility and chemical/bio-sensing of the device via colour comparison are demonstrated. Therefore, this work shows a human visual-like method of spectrum projection and colour perception based on a single device, providing a paradigm for high-efficiency spectrum-processing applications.
Temperature transcends partner specificity in the symbiosis establishment of a cnidarian
Authors: Herrera Marcela , Klein Shannon G , Campana Sara , Chen Jit Ern , Prasanna Arun , Duarte Carlos M , Aranda Manuel
Published: September 2020

Coral reef research has predominantly focused on the effect of temperature on the breakdown of coral-dinoflagellate symbioses. However, less is known about how increasing temperature affects the establishment of new coral-dinoflagellate associations. Inter-partner specificity and environment-dependent colonization are two constraints proposed to limit the acquisition of more heat tolerant symbionts. Here, we investigated the symbiotic dynamics of various photosymbionts in different host genotypes under “optimal” and elevated temperature conditions. To do this, we inoculated symbiont-free polyps of the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida originating from Hawaii (H2), North Carolina (CC7), and the Red Sea (RS) with the same mixture of native symbiont strains (Breviolum minutum, Symbiodinium linucheae, S. microadriaticum, and a Breviolum type from the Red Sea) at 25 and 32 °C, and assessed their ITS2 composition, colonization rates, and PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). Symbiont communities across thermal conditions differed significantly for all hosts, suggesting that temperature rather than partner specificity had a stronger effect on symbiosis establishment. Overall, we detected higher abundances of more heat resistant Symbiodiniaceae types in the 32 °C treatments. Our data further showed that PSII photophysiology under elevated temperature improved with thermal pre-exposure (i.e., higher Fv/Fm), yet, this effect depended on host genotype and was influenced by active feeding as photochemical efficiency dropped in response to food deprivation. These findings highlight the role of temperature and partner fidelity in the establishment and performance of symbiosis and demonstrate the importance of heterotrophy for symbiotic cnidarians to endure and recover from stress.
Autophagy as a therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Piffoux Max , Eriau Erwan , Cassier Philippe A.
Published: September 2020

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by early metastasis and resistance to anti-cancer therapy, leading to an overall poor prognosis. Despite continued research efforts, no targeted therapy has yet shown meaningful efficacy in PDAC; mutations in the oncogene KRAS and the tumour suppressor TP53, which are the most common genomic alterations in PDAC, have so far shown poor clinical actionability. Autophagy, a conserved process allowing cells to recycle altered or unused organelles and cellular components, has been shown to be upregulated in PDAC and is implicated in resistance to both cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Autophagy is thus regarded as a potential therapeutic target in PDAC and other cancers. Although the molecular mechanisms of autophagy activation in PDAC are only beginning to emerge, several groups have reported interesting results when combining inhibitors of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and inhibitors of autophagy in models of PDAC and other KRAS-driven cancers. In this article, we review the existing preclinical data regarding the role of autophagy in PDAC, as well as results of relevant clinical trials with agents that modulate autophagy in this cancer.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on survival in patients with colorectal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Vaughan-Shaw Peter G. , Buijs Louis F. , Blackmur James P. , Theodoratou Evi , Zgaga Lina , Din Farhat V. N. , Farrington Susan M. , Dunlop Malcolm G.
Published: September 2020

Background

Low circulating vitamin D levels are associated with poor colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. We assess whether vitamin D supplementation improves CRC survival outcomes.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Randomised controlled trial (RCTs) of vitamin D supplementation reporting CRC mortality were included. RCTs with high risk of bias were excluded from analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis models calculated estimates of survival benefit with supplementation. The review is registered on PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42020173397.

Results

Seven RCTs (n = 957 CRC cases) were identified: three trials included patients with CRC at outset, and four population trials reported survival in incident cases. Two RCTs were excluded from meta-analysis (high risk of bias; no hazard ratio (HR)). While trials varied in inclusion criteria, intervention dose and outcomes, meta-analysis found a 30% reduction in adverse CRC outcomes with supplementation (n = 815, HR = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48–0.93). A beneficial effect was seen in trials of CRC patients (progression-free survival, HR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.36–0.94), with suggestive effect in incident CRC cases from population trials (CRC-specific survival, HR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.39–1.13). No heterogeneity or publication bias was noted.

Conclusions

Meta-analysis demonstrates a clinically meaningful benefit of vitamin D supplementation on CRC survival outcomes. Further well-designed, adequately powered RCTs are needed to fully evaluate benefit of supplementation in augmenting ‘real-life’ follow-up and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, as well as determining optimal dosing.
Chronic stress promotes EMT-mediated metastasis through activation of STAT3 signaling pathway by miR-337-3p in breast cancer
Authors: Du Peixin , Zeng Hao , Xiao Yinan , Zhao Yunuo , Zheng Bo , Deng Yaotiao , Liu Jie , Huang Boyan , Zhang Xinyao , Yang Keyi , Jiang Yu , Ma Xuelei
Published: September 2020

Chronic stress could induce cancer metastasis by constant activation of the sympathetic nervous system, while cellular mechanism remains obscure. The aim of this research is to explore the metastasis associated negative effect of chronic stress. The analysis of transcriptome sequencing implied that activation of STAT3 signaling pathway by downregulated miR-337-3p might be a potential mechanism to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cell and promote metastasis under chronic stress. We also verified this biological process in further experiments. Downregulation of miR-337-3p could downregulate E-cadherin expression and upregulate vimentin expression in vitro and in vivo. STAT3, related signal pathways of which are involved in metastasis regulation, was directly targeted by miR-337-3p. In conclusion, the above results denoted that activation of miR-337-3p/STAT3 axis might be a potential pathway for the increasing metastasis of breast cancer under chronic stress.
Macrophages and the maintenance of homeostasis
Authors: Mosser David M. , Hamidzadeh Kajal , Goncalves Ricardo
Published: September 2020

There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by highlighting the T-cell-derived cytokines that shape these polarizing responses. This bias toward immunity is understandable, given the importance of macrophages to host defense. However, macrophages are ubiquitous and are involved in many different cellular processes, and describing them as immune cells is undoubtedly an oversimplification. It disregards their important roles in development, tissue remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metabolism, to name just a few processes. In this chapter, we propose that macrophages function as transducers in the body. According to Wikipedia, “A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.” The word transducer is a term used to describe both the “sensor,” which can interpret a wide range of energy forms, and the “actuator,” which can switch voltages or currents to affect the environment. Macrophages are able to sense a seemingly endless variety of inputs from their environment and transduce these inputs into a variety of different response outcomes. Thus, rather than functioning as immune cells, they should be considered more broadly as cellular transducers that interpret microenvironmental changes and actuate vital tissue responses. In this chapter, we will describe some of the sensory stimuli that macrophages perceive and the responses they make to these stimuli to achieve their prime directive, which is the maintenance of homeostasis.
Association between the size of healthcare facilities and the intensity of hypertension therapy: a cross-sectional comparison of prescription data from insurance claims data
Authors: Hiragi Shusuke , Sato Noriaki , Uchino Eiichiro , Kuroda Tomohiro , Yanagita Motoko
Published: September 2020

Hypertension is a heterogeneous disease for which role sharing in treatment between specialized facilities and small clinics is needed for efficient healthcare provision. However, the Japanese healthcare system has a “free access” attribute; therefore, nobody can control treatment resource allocation. We aimed to describe the current situation of role sharing by comparing antihypertensive therapies among different types of medical facilities. We analyzed 1% sampled Japanese medical insurance claims data related to outpatient care as of October 2014. We divided the target patients into four groups according to the size of the facilities that issued the insurance claim for them. Among these groups, we compared the number of antihypertensive drugs and proportion of difficult-to-treat hypertensive cases and performed a stratified analysis. The proportion of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus receiving renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) as the first-choice drug was also compared. We identified 3465, 1797, 2323, and 34,734 claims issued from large, medium-sized, small hospitals, and clinics, respectively. The mean number of hypertensive drugs was 1.96, 1.87, 1.81, and 1.69, respectively, and the proportion of difficult-to-treat hypertensive cases was 18.9, 17.0, 14.3, and 12.0%, respectively, with both showing significant differences. Stratified analysis showed similar results. The proportion of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus receiving RAASis as the first-choice drug was higher in large hospitals than in clinics. In conclusion, facility size is positively associated with the number of antihypertensive drugs and proportions of difficult-to-treat hypertensive cases. This finding describes the current role sharing situation of hypertension therapy in the Japanese healthcare system with a “free-access” attribute.