bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes among patients with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Gu Jiaqi , Zhao He , Zhang Jun
Published: September 2024

Patients with complex congenital heart disease (CCHD) may pose a serious threat to the mother-infant safety. This study intends to explore the influencing factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in the CCHD population. Totally 108 CCHD patients who terminated pregnancy from January 2013 to January 2023 were recruited. We collected clinical data during the pregnancy from electronic medical records. Among them, 45 patients had adverse pregnancy outcomes (41.7%) and no patient died. 5 patients with no newborn. The incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes was significantly higher in patients with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) > 100 pg/mL (OR: 2.736; 95%CI: 1.001–7.481, p = 0.049) and hypoxemia (OR: 15.46; 95%CI: 1.689–141.512, p = 0.015) and without undergoing cardiac surgical correction (OR: 3.226; 95%CI: 1.121–9.259, p = 0.03). It was confirmed by propensity score matching that no cardiac surgical correction was an independent risk factor. Maternal patients without undergoing cardiac surgical correction had poorer NYHA cardiac function (p = 0.000) and were more prone to heart failure (p = 0.027), hypoxemia (p = 0.042), pulmonary arterial hypertension (p = 0.038) and postpartum hemorrhage (p = 0.016). Moreover, these patients had prolonged Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) stay (p = 0.000) and significantly higher risk of premature delivery (p = 0.005), low birth weight (p = 0.018), infection and asphyxia (p = 0.043). Corrective cardiac surgery in patients with CCHD before pregnancy significantly reduces the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Combining a lateral flow immunoassay with triplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the concurrent identification of three bovine diarrhea syndrome viruses
Authors: Xu Huiyang , Ma Biao , Li Lijia , Song Yating , Shuai Jiangbing , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhang Mingzhou
Published: September 2024

Numerous viruses, such as the bovine rotavirus (BRV), the bovine parvovirus (BPV), and the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), can cause bovine viral diarrhea syndrome.
A HPRR-based diatomic catalyst electrochemical biosensor for detecting cancer-related extracellular vesicles
Authors: Du Wei , Zhou Mingxuan , Wang Guancheng , Lu Mingze , Wang Xiao , Guo Zhirui , Ma Ming , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2024

Cancer-associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial biomarkers for cancer diagnosis as they contain abundant tumor cell information.
Assessing the catalytic potential of novel halogen substituted carbene NHC (F, Cl, Br, I) catalysts in [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions: A computational investigation
Authors: Khairbek Ali A. , Badawi Mohammad Abd-Al Hakim , Alzahrani Abdullah Y. , Thomas Renjith
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the catalytic behavior of NHC-X ligands (X = F, Cl, Br, I) in cycloaddition reactions, focusing on both mononuclear and binuclear pathways.
Constructing weakly solvating electrolytes for next-generation Zn-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Diyu , Zheng Dezhou , Wang Fuxin , Shang Xuefeng , Wang Yi , Lu Xihong
Published: September 2024

This concept systemically summarizes the functions, basic principles and design strategies for weakly solvating electrolytes (WSEs). The insights will benefit the design of next-generation high-performance Zn-ion batteries.
Hematite-based photoanodes decorated with oxygen-deficient CeO2 for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of tetracycline: a pulse deposition strategy
Authors: Jia Meiying , Ma Yuanyuan , Wang Wenxuan , Kang Anqi , Wang Ping , Xu Haiyin , Xiong Weiping , Yang Zhaohui
Published: September 2024

A novel type of photoanode is formed via electrochemical pulse deposition. Photogenerated carriers are separated by the Z-type heterojunction, which contributes to realizing the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of antibiotics in water.
3D printed porous silicone polymer composites using table salt as a sacrificial template
Authors: Adhikari Santosh , Torres Xavier M. , Stockdale John R. , Legett Shelbie A. , Bezek Lindsey B. , Guajardo Jesus A. , Pacheco Adam , Ramasamy Karthik , Benedikt Bart , Lewis Matthew , Labouriau Andrea
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of different functional fillers into the DIW composite resin can expand the functionality of 3D printed porous materials for different applications.
A highly reactive soybean oil-based superhydrophobic polyurethane film with long-lasting antifouling and abrasion resistance
Authors: Huang Junming , Sha Genzheng , Cui Minghui , Quan Mengqiu , Wang Yuqing , Lu Yao , Zhu Jin , Chen Jing
Published: September 2024

Superhydrophobic polyurethanes offer robust hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance.
Explicating conjugated polymer extraction used for the differentiation of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Just Dominik , Wasiak Tomasz , Dzienia Andrzej , Milowska Karolina Z. , Mielańczyk Anna , Janas Dawid
Published: September 2024

In this work, an array of newly synthesized conjugated polymers is used to unravel the mechanism of purification of complex mixtures of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Purely organic-derived polymeric magnets: a brief review on polyradicals with intrinsic magnetism
Authors: Hu Guangze , Chen Manyu , Hu Haoyuan , Zhang Haoke , Sun Jing Zhi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2024

This mini-review summarizes the recent progress in the research field of polyradicals that are designed and prepared to obtain strong ferromagnetic coupling.
Theoretical prediction and experimental synthesis of a Ba0.5Pb0.5S alloy via the molecular precursor route
Authors: Wu Guoxin , Wang Liang , Song Kepeng , Xu Jiashuo , Li Jinghai , Fang Xinzhuo , Huang Dan , Zheng Liqiang , Wei Qilin , Yu William W.
Published: September 2024

We synthesized Ba–Pb–S chalcogenide compounds with tunable bandgap properties using a discrete molecular precursor strategy. Ba0.5Pb0.5S has a 1.77 eV optical bandgap, p-type characteristics, and shows great potential for optoelectronic applications.
A new generation of 1,8-diaminocarbazole building blocks for the construction of fluorescent anion receptors
Authors: Korczak Maria L. , Maslowska-Jarzyna Krystyna , Chmielewski Michał J.
Published: September 2024

New, ester-substituted diaminocarbazole building blocks are proposed for making anion receptors with significantly improved solubility, tunability, affinity, and fluorescent response.
Yttrium-induced tunable bandgap for optical data storage applications
Authors: Agarwal Surbhi , Dwivedi D. K. , Lohia Pooja , Gupta Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2024

Linear and nonlinear optical and electronic properties of Te(1−x)(GeSe0.5)Yx thin films have been studied. Transmission spectra ranging from 500 to 2500 nm were obtained using a UV-visible spectrophotometer to calculate optical properties.
Correction: New multifunctional hybrids as modulators of apoptosis markers and topoisomerase II in breast cancer therapy: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in silico studies
Authors: Alhamdi Heba W. , Alfaifi Mohammad Y. , Shati Ali A. , Elbehairi Serag Eldin I. , Er-rajy Mohammed , Elshaarawy Reda F. M. , Hassan Yasser A. , Zakrya Rozan
Published: September 2024

Correction for ‘New multifunctional hybrids as modulators of apoptosis markers and topoisomerase II in breast cancer therapy: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in silico studies’ by Heba W. Alhamdi et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 28555–28568, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA04219K.
Expression of concern: Investigation of the biological activity, mechanical properties and wound healing application of a novel scaffold based on lignin–agarose hydrogel and silk fibroin embedded zinc chromite nanoparticles
Authors: Eivazzadeh-Keihan Reza , Moghim Aliabadi Hooman Aghamirza , Radinekiyan Fateme , Sobhani Mohammad , Farzane khalili  , Maleki Ali , Madanchi Hamid , Mahdavi Mohammad , Shalan Ahmed Esmail
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Investigation of the biological activity, mechanical properties and wound healing application of a novel scaffold based on lignin–agarose hydrogel and silk fibroin embedded zinc chromite nanoparticles’ by Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 17914–17923, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA01300A.
Two-dimensional nanomaterials based on rare earth elements for biomedical applications
Authors: Bai Mingjun , Wan Hao , Zhang Ying , Chen Siqi , Lu Chunyin , Liu Xiaohe , Chen Gen , Zhang Ning , Ma Renzhi
Published: September 2024

Two-dimensional rare earth-containing nanomaterials are promising candidates in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, bio-imaging, antibacterial and cancer treatment due to their unique structure and versatile energy levels.
Dynamics of poly(methyl acrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted-Fe3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Patil Shalin , Mbonu Christopher , Chou Tsengming , Li Ruhao , Wu Di , Akcora Pinar , Cheng Shiwang
Published: September 2024

Immiscible blends of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exhibit component dynamics and dynamics confinement effect at the PMA/PMMA-g-Fe3O4 interface, suggesting new routes to control interface dynamics.
Membrane-immobilized transaminases for the synthesis of enantiopure amines
Authors: Meersseman Arango Hippolyte , Nguyen Xuan Dieu Linh , Luis Patricia , Leyssens Tom , Roura Padrosa David , Paradisi Francesca , Debecker Damien P.
Published: September 2024

Membrane-immobilized transaminases offer robust catalytic performance in the perspective of greener processes for the synthesis of high-value chiral amines.
A nanoarchitectured 2D–2D heterointerface of Pt@Ti3C2Tx–rGO aerogels via in situ γ-radiolysis induced self-assembly: interplay between strain and ligand effects in electrocatalytic interfaces
Authors: Vazhayal Linsha , Alex Sharon Benny , Haram Santosh K.
Published: September 2024

Exploring the interplay of strain and ligand effects at the electrocatalytic interfaces of 2D–2D Pt@Ti3C2Tx–rGO aerogel heterostructures synthesized through γ-ray irradiation.
Ni–P codoping engineered MoS2 basal planes for electrocatalytic water splitting: insights from density functional theory
Authors: Phuong Le Thanh , Prabhakaran Sampath , Kim Do Hwan
Published: September 2024

DFT-guided discovery of bifunctional electrocatalysts holds great promise for advancing renewable energy technologies.
Non-thermal plasma enabled catalytic dry reforming of methane over a ceria nanorod supported NiO catalyst: the role of Ru as a coke resistant active site
Authors: Ahasan Md Robayet , Hossain Md Monir , Wang Ruigang
Published: September 2024

This study reports that a 14 wt% Ni–1 wt% Ru bimetallic catalyst supported on CeO2 nanorods can offer superior conversion and stability against coking during non-thermal plasma-assisted dry reforming of methane.
Regulating the local electron density and adsorption energy of COF-based single copper sites for highly efficient Fenton-like photo-oxidation
Authors: Peng Qianqian , Wen Guijiao , Yuan Chen , Lv Caizhi , Wu Lan , He Juan , Hou Xiandeng
Published: September 2024

Introducing single Cu atoms and electron-donating groups onto ketoenamine-based covalent organic frameworks effectively regulates the local electron density and adsorption energy, thus significantly enhancing Fenton-like photo-oxidation performance.
Artificial CO2 photoreduction: a review of photocatalyst design and product selectivity regulation
Authors: Fu Chen , Wan Zhenyu , Yang Xin , Zhang Junhui , Zhang Zizhong
Published: September 2024

We summarized the design strategies for photocatalysts to enhance CO2 reduction and accepted pathways for selective photocatalytic CO2 conversion.
A smart electrolyte-replenishing semi-dry electrode based on a temperature-responsive hydrogel for sustainable electrophysiological signal acquisition
Authors: Cai Yiming , Wang Fushuai , Yang Lang , Chen Lin , Ying Jialei , Liu Zhenzhong , Wang Guozheng , Ma Chunxin , Liu Jun
Published: September 2024

A smart electrolyte-replenishing semi-dry electrode based on a temperature-responsive hydrogel with a three-layer structure and low contact impedance characteristics is designed for sustainable electrophysiological signal acquisition.
Design of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic based highly thermally stable LuAG:Ce PiG green converter for dynamic laser illumination
Authors: Xu Yusai , Wen Qianxiong , Wang Xidong , Zhao Cong , Mei Enrou , Fu Meilin , Tian Tengfei , Liang Xiaojuan , Gao Wenxia , Xiang Weidong
Published: September 2024

In this study, a novel lithium disilicate glass-ceramic was developed as a glass matrix for a highly thermally stable LuAG:Ce PiG green converter, enabling efficient dynamic laser illumination.
High-performance n-type polymer field-effect transistors with exceptional stability
Authors: Makala Manikanta , Barłóg Maciej , Dremann Derek , Attar Salahuddin , Fernández Edgar Gutiérrez , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: September 2024

High-mobility n-type organic transistors that maintain performance for over 1000 minutes under bias stress pave the way for complementary organic circuits, overcoming a key obstacle in the field.
Spatially resolved spectroscopic analysis of Lyα haloes
Authors: Guo Yucheng , Bacon Roland , Wisotzki Lutz , Garel Thibault , Blaizot Jérémy , Schaye Joop , Matthee Jorryt , Leclercq Floriane , Boogaard Leindert , Richard Johan , Verhamme Anne , Brinchmann Jarle , Michel-Dansac Léo , Kusakabe Haruka
Published: September 2024

The extended Lyα haloes (LAHs) have been found to be prevalent around high-redshift star-forming galaxies. However, the origin of the LAHs is still a subject of debate. The spatially resolved analysis of Lyα profiles provides an important diagnostic. We analyse the average spatial extent and spectral variation of the circumgalactic LAHs by stacking a sample of 155 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at redshifts of 3 < z < 4 in the MUSE Extremely Deep Field. Our analysis reveals that, with respect to the Lyα line of the target LAE, the peak of the Lyα line at large distances becomes increasingly more blueshifted up to a projected distance of 60 kpc (≈3× virial radius), with a velocity offset of ≈250 km/s. This trend is evident in both the mean and median stacks, suggesting that it is a general property of our LAE sample, which typically has a Lyα luminosity of ≈1041.1 erg s−1. However, due to the absence of systemic redshift data, it remains unclear whether the Lyα line peak at large projected distances is less redshifted compared to the inner regions or truly blueshifted with respect to the systemic velocity. We explore various scenarios to explain the large-scale kinematics of the Lyα line.
A transparent layered soil technique to investigate geosynthetic-reinforced piled-supported embankments
Authors: Santos Dhionata W. M. , Zornberg Jorge G. , Portelinha Fernando H. M.
Published: September 2024

Geosynthetic reinforced piled supported embankments have been widely used in recent years as a solution to embankments over soft soils. Geosynthetic-reinforced load transfer platforms (LTPs) have been used at the bottom of embankments to improve the distribution of stresses over piles. However, mechanisms governing this technique still demand to be fully understood. This paper employs a transparent soils technique to investigate the mechanisms governing geosynthetic-reinforced LTPs. Transparent small-scale 1-g laboratory models were constructed using two different transparent materials composing a layered transparent system. Fused quartz grains were used to simulate the granular fill material of the LTP, while Laponite RD® was employed to replicate the soft clay. A seeding particles plane was installed inside the model generating a stochastic pattern for images capturing. Distribution of displacements and strains were then interpreted using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology. Based on the displacements and strains responses of the small-scale model, this paper discusses the mechanisms acting in unreinforced and geosynthetic-reinforced LTP (single layer). The presence of geosynthetic reinforcement reduced, in general, the displacements and deformations of the models.
Intra- and post-procedural patient-reported experience measures and their correlation with post-ERCP adverse events and unplanned healthcare utilization
Authors: Ceccacci Alessandra , Gupta Mehul , Eisele Maximilian , Khan Rishad , Besney Jonathan , Guo Howard , Malik Getanshu , Tsai Catherine , Kundra Arjun , Samnani Sunil , Rivas Angelica , Minhas Gurjot , Tepox-Padrón Alejandra , Alshammari Yousef , Chau Millie , Howarth Megan , Cartwright Shane , Ficcacio Sara , Koury Hannah F. , de-Madaria Enrique , Forbes Nauzer ,   on behalf of the CReATE Working Group
Published: September 2024

Background Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) adverse events (AEs) are common, as is unplanned healthcare utilization (UHU). We aimed to assess potential etiologic associations between intra-/post-procedural patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and post-ERCP AEs and UHU.

Methods Prospective data from a multicenter collaborative were used. A 0–10 Likert-based PREM assessing intra- and post-procedural symptoms was applied to patients following ERCP, and follow-up was performed at 30 days to identify AEs and UHU for reasons not meeting the definitions of any AE. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted using PREM domains as exposures and AEs and UHU as outcomes, with a priori selected covariates. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 %CIs for each PREM domain were reported.

Results From 2018 to 2023, 3434 patients were included. A post-procedural abdominal pain score > 3 was associated with pancreatitis (OR 3.71 [95 %CI 2.37–5.73]), while a score > 6 was associated with perforation (OR 9.54 [95 %CI 1.10–59.37]). Post-procedural pain was also associated with UHU within 30 days when used as a continuous exposure (OR 1.08 per point [95 %CI 1.01–1.16]), and when partitioned at a score > 3 (OR 1.79 [95 %CI 1.13–2.74]) and a score > 6 (OR 1.93 [95 %CI 1.02–3.46]). No other intra- or post-procedural PREMs were associated with any AEs or UHU.

Conclusions Patient-reported abdominal pain from a Likert-based PREM at the time of discharge from ERCP was associated with pancreatitis, perforation, and UHU within 30 days. Applying PREMs could potentially prevent UHU and/or facilitate earlier management and improved outcomes for patients with post-ERCP AEs.
Identification and Characterization of Key Genes Associated with Amelogenesis
Authors: Haque Tahsinul , Akhter Fatema , Alim Nourelhoda , Nabhan Abdullah , kahtani Fawzia Al , Sambawa Abdullah Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Objectives The identification of key genes associated with amelogenesis would be helpful in finding solutions to genetic disorders in oral biology. The study aimed to use in silico analysis to identify the key genes involved in tooth development associated with preameloblasts (PABs) and secretory ameloblasts (SABs).

Material and Methods The data was subjected to quality analysis and uniform manifold approximation and projection analysis. To examine the distribution of the genes and identify important upregulated loci, a p-value histogram, a quantile plot, a mean difference and mean-variance plot, and a volcano plot were generated. Finally, protein-protein interaction and gene enrichment analyses were performed to determine the ontology, relevant biological processes, and molecular functions of selected genes.

Results A total of 157 genes were found to be significant in the PAB versus SAB comparison. HIST1H31 revealed strong interaction with HIST1H2BM, and EXO1, ASPM, SPC25, and TTK showed strong interactions with one other. The STRING database revealed that NCAPG, CENPU, NUSAP1, HIST1H2BM, and HIST1H31 are involved in biological processes. NCAPG, CENPU, SPC25, ETV5, TTK, ETV1, FAM9A, NUSAP1, HIST1H2BM, and HIST1H31 are involved in cellular components.

Conclusion The TTK, NUSAP1, CENPU, NCAPG, FAM9A, ASPM, SPC25, and HIST1H31 genes demonstrate functions in cell division. These genes might play a role in ameloblast development. These results will be useful in developing new methods to stimulate ameloblast development, which is essential for tooth regeneration and tissue engineering. However, more research is required to validate the functions of these genes and the genes with which they interact. A wide variety of genetic, epigenetic, and exogenous signaling factors regulate these genes and pathways throughout development and differentiation, cell fate, and behavior.
Successful Microsurgical Clipping under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment for a Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patient with Severe Pulmonary Neurogenic Lung
Authors: Saito Katsuya , Ito Shoko , Miyata Takahiro , Mayanagi Keita , Inamasu Joji , Nakatsukasa Masashi
Published: September 2024

Hemorrhagic strokes are considered as contraindications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy because of anticoagulant administration and ECMO-associated coagulopathy. We present a rare case of successful microsurgical clipping under ECMO for a poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patient with severe neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). A 50-year-old man presenting with the sudden loss of consciousness was diagnosed with poor-grade SAH with severe NPE, and was intubated. Because of severe hypoxemia refractory to conventional treatment, venovenous ECMO was used 6 hours after admission. To avoid thrombosis inside the ECMO circuit despite no anticoagulants, a heparin-bonded ECMO was maintained at a comparatively high blood flow rate. Subsequently, the patient underwent a microsurgical clipping under ECMO. Intraoperatively we had difficulty in bleeding control, and therefore the multiple transfusions were necessary to correct anemia and ECMO-associated coagulopathy. The aneurysmal clipping was accomplished without hemorrhagic intracranial complications. After 2 years from onset, his activities of daily life were independent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful microsurgical clipping for poor-grade SAH under ECMO without any anticoagulants. The use of a heparin-bonded ECMO tubing, maintenance of a slightly higher ECMO pump speed, and multiple transfusions to correct ECMO-associated coagulopathy could make the micro-neurosurgical procedures under ECMO possible. This report demonstrated the possibility to extend the range of application of microsurgical clipping for poor-grade SAH patients requiring ECMO treatment.
Investigation of transverse exchange-springs in electrodeposited nano-heterostructured films through first-order reversal curve analysis
Authors: Samanta Arindam , Roy Saibal
Published: September 2024

The prerequisite of efficient exchange-spring nano-heterostructures, i.e., tuning both hard and soft phases at a nanometer level, has posed significant preparation challenges to ensure effective exchange-coupling. Here, we present a novel approach to fabricate transverse exchange-spring nano-heterostructures using single starting material through an “in situ” electrodeposition technique at room temperature. Utilizing modified acidic bath chemistry and controlled hydrogen evolution, we successfully prepared stress-free, shiny, fine-grained amorphous, and nanocrystalline Co-rich cobalt phosphorus films. These nano-heterostructured films exhibit a unique non-collinear anisotropy-driven transverse exchange-spring behavior, investigated systematically under ambient conditions. The comprehensive functional analyses reveal that intricate interplay between in-plane (IP) anisotropy of amorphous phase and out-of-plane (OOP) anisotropy generating from a nanocrystalline structure compete with each other, while producing characteristic stripe domain structures to novel corrugated stripe domain shapes. The angle-dependent first-order reversal curve distributions demonstrate new insights into the magnetic reversal mechanisms, further confirming the non-exchange-spring and exchange-spring nature of the films depending on the prevalent interfacial exchange coupling. Formation of anisotropy-driven metastable-state due to competition between IP and OOP anisotropy at a particular OOP orientation has led the normal exchange-spring structures to a transverse exchange-spring structure. Micromagnetic simulations, in excellent agreement with experimental data, further elucidate the formation of characteristic stripe domain patterns and the influence of anisotropy on the magnetic properties. The innovative methodology and detailed functional analysis presented here offer significant understanding to the field of exchange-spring magnetic materials, including anisotropy-driven metastable states, demonstrating the potential for scalable and cost-effective fabrication of advanced nano-heterostructures with tailored magnetic properties.
Giant electro-optic response in transparent rhombohedral ferroelectric Sm-PIN-PMN-PT crystal based on domain engineering
Authors: Wen Yiyang , Ren Hongda , Du Xiaona , Zhang Yang
Published: September 2024

The relaxor ferroelectric crystal Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT), located near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), exhibits exceptionally high piezoelectric and electro-optic (EO) responses. Nevertheless, lower optical transparency and phase transition temperature of PMN-PT limit its optical applications. The ternary system Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) holds promise in addressing these challenges with a higher Curie temperature. Additionally, specific ferroelectric domain polarization techniques can eliminate domain scattering, substantially enhancing the transparency of the crystal. In this study, we explore the optical properties of Sm-doped PIN-PMN-PT. We achieve a 2R domain-engineered state by polarizing along the (110) direction of the crystal. The high transparency allows us to extract an effective EO coefficient of up to 431.5 pm/V from the Sm-PIN-PMN-PT crystal at the telecommunications wavelength. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) probing verified the domain-engineered state in Sm-PIN-PMN-PT. The temperature-dependent SHG reveals the ferroelectric phase transition process, laying the groundwork for studying the stability of the EO response. The Sm-PIN-PMN-PT crystal exhibits an exceptionally high EO coefficient, which is crucial for the development of enhanced EO devices with high integration and low driving voltages.
Phosphorescent metallaknots of Au(I)-bis(acetylide) strands directed by Cu(I) π-coordination
Authors: Huang Ya-Zi , Yang Raorao , Zhang Liang , Chen Zhong-Ning
Published: September 2024

Knots containing metal atoms as part of their continuous strand backbone are termed as metallaknots. While several metallaknots have been synthesized through one-pot self-assembly, the designed synthesis of metallaknots by controlling the arrangement of entanglements and strands connectivity remains unexplored. Here, we report the synthesis of metallaknots composed with Au(I)-bis(acetylide) linkages and templated by Cu(I) ions. Varying the ratio of the building blocks results in the switchable formation of two trefoil knots with different stoichiometries and symmetries (

C
2

or

D
3

) and an entangled metalla-complex. While the entangled complex formed serendipitously, the strand ends can be subsequently linked through coordinative closure to generate a 4
1
metallaknot in a highly designable fashion. The comparable structural characteristics of resulting metalla-complexes allow us to probe the correlations between their topologies and photophysical properties, showing the backbone rigidity of knots endows complexes with excellent phosphorescent properties. This strategy, in conjunction with the coordinative closure approach, provides a straightforward route for the formation of highly phosphorescent metallaknots that were previously challenging to access.
In vivo CRISPR screens identifyMgaas an immunotherapy target in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Feng Xu , Yang Chang , Huang Yuanjian , Su Dan , Wang Chao , Wilson Lori Lyn , Yin Ling , Tang Mengfan , Li Siting , Chen Zhen , Zhu Dandan , Wang Shimin , Zhang Shengzhe , Zhang Jie , Zhang Huimin , Nie Litong , Huang Min , Park Jae-Il , Hart Traver , Jiang Dadi , Jiang Kuirong , Chen Junjie
Published: September 2024

Immune evasion is not only critical for tumor initiation and progression, but also determines the efficacy of immunotherapies. Through iterative in vivo CRISPR screens with seven syngeneic tumor models, we identified core and context-dependent immune evasion pathways across cancer types. This valuable high-confidence dataset is available for the further understanding of tumor intrinsic immunomodulators, which may lead to the discovery of effective anticancer therapeutic targets. With a focus on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we found thatMgaknock-out significantly enhances antitumor immunity and inhibits tumor growth. Transcriptomics and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that Mga influences various immune-related pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings suggest that Mga may play a role in modulating the tumor immune landscape, though the precise mechanisms require further investigation. Interestingly, we observed that low MGA expression in breast cancer patients correlates with a favorable prognosis, particularly in those with active interferon-γ signaling. These observations provide insights into tumor immune escape mechanisms and suggest that further exploration of MGA’s function could potentially lead to effective therapeutic strategies in TNBC.
The discovery and development of GLP-1 based drugs that have revolutionized the treatment of obesity
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2024

The 2024 Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award has been given to Joel Habener and Svetlana Mojsov for their discovery of a new hormone GLP-1(7-37) and to Lotte Knudsen for her role in developing sustained acting versions of this hormone as a treatment for obesity. Each of the three had a distinct set of skills that made this advance possible; Habener is an endocrinologist and molecular biologist, Mojsov is a peptide chemist, and Knudsen is a pharmaceutical scientist. Their collective efforts have done what few thought possible—the development of highly effective medicines for reducing weight. Their research has also solved a mystery that began more than a century ago.
Towards enhancing animal welfare standards in UK media: Part 1; insights from public opinion and attitudes
Authors: Lambert Helen , Gordon Jody , Jackson Laura , Rogers Suzanne , Clubb Ros , White Jo , Lewis Sophie
Published: September 2024

Animals are frequently used in the UK for film, television, and advertising, but numerous stakeholders, including charities and industry representatives, have significant concerns regarding their on- and off-set welfare. However, it is unclear to what extent the public can identify animal welfare issues on screen or whether they know where to report any incidents. This survey sought to answer three research questions: (1) What are the levels of awareness and concern around animals used in TV, film, and advertising among the general public? (2) Do people know where or how to report any concerns? (3) What would reassure people that animal welfare is safeguarded? We have analysed and presented the results from the 911 responses to paint a more detailed picture of where the public is on this issue and what mechanisms for improvement they would support. Overall, the results show a clear concern for the welfare of animals used in the media, especially once they had read the eight realistic scenarios of animal use in the survey. Yet the public feel disempowered to report these concerns and lack trust that positive change will result. There is clearly public appetite for better protection of animals used in the media, particularly stronger regulations, independent on-set monitoring of animals, qualified animal trainers, and an accreditation scheme.
Lower discrete Hausdorff dimension of spectra for Moran measure
Authors: Li Jinjun , Zeng Wanxiang , Wu Min
Published: September 2024

We show that the lower discrete Hausdorff dimension of any spectrum for Moran measure is bounded by the Hausdorff dimension of its support.
Electric field components within a micro-scaled DBD measured by Stark shifting and splitting of helium lines
Authors: van Impel Henrik , Steuer David , Labenski Robin , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Böke Marc , Golda Judith
Published: September 2024

Atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs), such as the micro cavity plasma array (MCPA), have emerged as promising technologies for the conversion of volatile gases. These conversion processes’ effectiveness can be enhanced by integrating catalytically active surfaces. To deepen the understanding of the plasma-catalyst interaction, it is crucial to study the transport dynamics of charged species to the catalytic surface, which, due to collisions with neutrals, also directly affects the transport of reactive species to the catalyst. Thereby the transport of the charged species is in particular influenced by the electric field perpendicular to the catalytic surface. However, experimental data on the component-wise electric field strength within SDBDs are rare. To address this issue, we performed polarized optical emission spectroscopy on the shifting and splitting of the allowed 492.19 nm (1D

→

1P0) and forbidden 492.06 nm (1F0

→

1P0) helium line pair. This diagnostic approach requires a non-radially symmetric geometry, which leads to an adapted reactor design of the MCPA allowing the side-on observation of the discharge. The discharge operates in pure helium at atmospheric pressure, utilizing a triangular excitation voltage with a frequency of 15 kHz and an amplitude of 600 V. We performed phase-resolved measurements of the electric field components with a temporal resolution of 1 µs. Our results revealed an electric field strength of approximately 22 kV cm−1 for the component perpendicular to the dielectric surface, while the component parallel to the dielectric surface is about 5 kV cm−1 larger during the decreasing potential phase of the applied voltage.
Investigation of positive streamers in CO2: experiments and 3D particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Li Xiaoran , Dijcks Siebe , Sun Anbang , Nijdam Sander , Teunissen Jannis
Published: September 2024

We investigate the propagation of positive streamers in CO2 through 3D particle-in-cell simulations, which are qualitatively compared against experimental results at 50 mbar. The experiments show that CO2 streamers are much more stochastic than air streamers at the same applied voltage, indicating that few electrons are available in front of the streamer head. In the simulations, we include a photoionization model for CO2. The computational results show that even a small amount of photoionization can sustain positive streamer propagation, but this requires a background electric field close to the critical field. When we compare streamers in CO2 and in air at the same applied voltage, the electric field at the streamer head and the electron density in the streamer channel are higher in CO2. We discuss the uncertainties in CO2 photoionization and provide an estimate for the quenching pressure, which is based on the radiative lifetime of emitting states and the collision frequency of the gas. Furthermore, a criterion for self-sustained streamer growth in CO2 is presented and compared against simulation results.
Influence of RE2O3 (Dy2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3) buffer layers on the structural and ferroelectric characteristics of BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Her Jim-Long , Chen Zhong-Yi , Pan Tung-Ming
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of RE2O3 (Dy2O3, Yb2O3, and Lu2O3) buffer layers on the structural and ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 thin films grown using a spin-coating method. BiFeO3 thin films with various RE2O3 buffer layers were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine their crystalline structures, surface topographies, depth profiles, and chemical compositions, respectively. The RE2O3-buffered BiFeO3 film showed better electrical properties compared to the control BiFeO3 film. The buffer layer composed of Yb2O3 showed the lowest leakage current of 6.82 × 10−6 A cm−2, highest remnant polarization of 44.1 μC cm−2, and smallest coercive field of 189 kV cm−1 because of the incorporation of Yb3+ ions into the BiFeO3 film, high degree of (110) preferred orientation, high Fe3+ content, low surface roughness, reduction of Fe3+ valence fluctuation to Fe2+ ions, and decrease in oxygen vacancies. Such BiFeO3 thin films with various RE2O3 buffer layers using spin-coating method pave a pathway toward practical applications of spintronic, sensor and memory.
Microscopic analysis of relaxation behavior in nonlinear optical conductivity of graphene
Authors: Ghosh Bristi , Dattagupta Sushanta , Bandyopadhyay Malay
Published: September 2024

We produce a general formalism to study the interband dynamical optical conductivity in the nonlinear regime of graphene in the presence of a quantum bath comprising phonons and electrons. When a quantum solid of graphene is subjected to an intense electric field in the optical frequency range, the observation of a nonlinear response is facilitated by formulating a quantum master equation of the density operator associated with the Hamiltonian encapsulated in a spin-boson model of dissipative quantum statistical mechanics. Our results reveal the nonlinear steady-state regime’s population inversion and decoherence. The present method enables us to investigate further the nonlinear interband optical conductivity of pristine and gapped graphene characterized by a single dimensionless parameter at finite temperatures. Different bath spectra’ effects on phonons and electrons are examined in detail. The temperature dependence of conductivity reveals that changing temperature can enable us to make a transition from the linear to the nonlinear regime for fixed optical field parameters. Interestingly, a fascinating switching-like behavior is observed for the low-temperature optical conductivity of the gapped graphene while we vary the energy gap as well as the frequency of the externally applied field. Although our general formulation can address a variety of nonequilibrium responses of the two-band system, it also facilitates a connection with the phenomenological modeling of nonlinear optical conductivity.
Constraining Post-Newtonian Parameters with the Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Thomas Daniel B. , Anton Theodore , Clifton Timothy , Bull Philip
Published: September 2024

The Parameterised Post-Newtonian (PPN) approach is the default framework for performing precision tests of gravity in nearby astrophysical systems. In recent works we have extended this approach for cosmological applications, and in this paper we use observations of the anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background to constrain the time variation of the PPN parameters α and γ between last scattering and the present day. We find their time-averages over cosmological history should be within ∼ 20% of their values in GR, with α̅= 0.89+0.08
-0.09 and γ̅ = 0.90+0.07
-0.08 at the 68% confidence level. We also constrain the time derivatives of these parameters, and find that their present-day values should be within a factor of two of the best Solar System constraints. Many of these results have no counter-part from Solar System observations, and are entirely new constraints on the gravitational interaction. In all cases, we find that the data strongly prefer α̅ ≃ γ̅, meaning that observers would typically find local gravitational physics to be compatible with GR, despite considerable variation of α and γ being allowed over cosmic history. This study lays the groundwork for future precision tests of gravity that combine observations made over all cosmological and astrophysical scales of length and time.
o-CLEAN: a novel multi-stage algorithm for the ocular artifacts’ correction from EEG data in out-of-the-lab applications
Authors: Ronca Vincenzo , Flumeri Gianluca Di , Giorgi Andrea , Vozzi Alessia , Capotorto Rossella , Germano Daniele , Sciaraffa Nicolina , Borghini Gianluca , Babiloni Fabio , Aricò Pietro
Published: September 2024

In the context of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal processing, artifacts generated by ocular movements, such as blinks, are significant confounding factors. These artifacts overwhelm informative EEG features and may occur too frequently to simply remove affected epochs without losing valuable data. Correcting these artifacts remains a challenge, particularly in out-of-lab and online applications using wearable EEG systems (i.e. with low number of EEG channels, without any additional channels to track EOG). Objective. The main objective of the present work consisted in validating a novel ocular blinks artefacts correction method, named multi-stage OCuLar artEfActs deNoising algorithm (o-CLEAN), suitable for online processing with minimal EEG channels. Approach. The research was conducted considering one EEG dataset collected in highly controlled environment, and a second one collected in real environment. The analysis was performed by comparing the o-CLEAN method with previously validated state-of-art techniques, and by evaluating its performance along two dimensions: (a) the ocular artefacts correction performance (IN-Blink), and (b) the EEG signal preservation when the method was applied without any ocular artefacts occurrence (OUT-Blink). Main results. Results highlighted that (i) o-CLEAN algorithm resulted to be, at least, significantly reliable as the most validated approaches identified in scientific literature in terms of ocular blink artifacts correction, (ii) o-CLEAN showed the best performances in terms of EEG signal preservation especially with a low number of EEG channels. Significance. The testing and validation of the o-CLEAN addresses a relevant open issue in bioengineering EEG processing, especially within out-of-the-lab application. In fact, the method offers an effective solution for correcting ocular artifacts in EEG signals with a low number of available channels, for online processing, and without any specific template of the EOG. It was demonstrated to be particularly effective for EEG data gathered in real environments using wearable systems, a rapidly expanding area within applied neuroscience.
Automation of gyrotron electron beam current for fusion devices
Authors: Shinya Takahiro , Ikeda Ryosuke , Hayashi Kazuo , Tsuneyama Masayuki , Nakai Taku , Yajima Satoru , Yoshimura Yasuo , Yamazaki Hibiki , Kobayashi Takayuki , Kajiwara Ken
Published: September 2024

The electron beam current of high-power, long-pulse gyrotrons for fusion devices is typically controlled to remain constant by adjusting the power to the cathode heater by using a pre-programmed waveform. However, this pre-programmed waveform is usually developed through a time-consuming trial and error process and its precision is low. Therefore, a system to automatically control electron beam current was developed and its performance was tested with one of the JADA/QST-manufactured gyrotrons for ITER. The control system automatically adjusted beam current to a target value of 47 A within ±0.5% for 900 s. This high-precision beam current control can maintain an output power of 1 MW and, being automated, it is useful for power on/off modulation operations. If the operation is switched from continuous to modulated, the beam current can be changed to compensate for the decrease in emission cooling of the cathode. This automatic control system demonstrates the quick recovery of a stable beam current in modulation operations.
Surrogate model-based cognitive digital twin for smart remote maintenance of fusion reactor: modeling and implementation
Authors: Yao Zhixin , Wu Huapeng , Song Yuntao , Cheng Yong , Pan Hongtao , Wu Muquan , Li Ming , Qin Guodong , Wang Qi , Zhang Xi
Published: September 2024

A remote maintenance robot system (RMRS) plays a critical role in safeguarding the fusion energy experimental device’s security and stability. State-of-the-art intelligent technology such as cognitive digital twins (CDTs) is widely considered capable of improving complex equipment’s performance and reducing management burden using a visualized system. However, the CDT virtual space cannot mirror the RMRS which is a kind of flexible multi-body system in real-time and with high fidelity. Therefore, we propose a CDT modeling method based on a surrogate model for the RMRS. Firstly, model-based system engineering is leveraged to build a structural modular architecture, which can decrease the modeling complexity of CDT and increase the modeling efficiency. Then, the surrogate models are self-learning within the CDT physical space, which reconstructs the RMRS’s real-time dynamic performances and endows CDT with cognitive capabilities. Finally, after integrating the CDT system, a smart decision-making plan that compensates for the operation error is generated for RMRS’s accurate control. We take a China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) multi-purpose overload robot (CMOR) as an example to demonstrate the implementation process. According to the results, CDT can achieve real-time (230 ms time delay) high-fidelity (5 mm control error) monitoring and accurate control, and CMOR conducts smart maintenance based on the simulation results. This method improves the efficiency of remote maintenance and provides solutions for high-duty cycle time of CFETR, it can also be applied to other tokamak fusion energy devices.
Distributed Joint Beamforming for RIS-assisted Cell-Free MIMO with Discrete Phase Shifts
Authors: Huang Ruihua , Suo Shiqiang , Su Xin , Sun Wenlong
Published: September 2024

Both reconfiurable intelligent surface (RIS) and cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (CF-MIMO) system are holding promise to become the predominant research direction in 6G networks. This paper studies the problem of weighted sum-rate maximization(WSR) in RIS-assisted CF-MIMO networks with discrete phase shifts. We utilize alternating optimization (AO) to iteratively calculate active and passive beamforming. At access points (APs) side, we employ a distributed algorithm to design the active beamforming, leveraging information interact among APs without centralized designing at central processing unit(CPU). Facing the constraint of discrete phase shift in RIS, we adopt semidefinite relaxation(SDR) projection and proximal gradient descent(PGD) to design the passive beamforming respectively. Simulation results indicate that our proposed algorithms achieve performance comparable to the distributed framework with continuous phase shift while reducing the computational time.