bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient evidence-based selection for clinical researchers in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Li Yizhen , Huang Zhe , Luan Zhongzhi , Xu Shujing , Zhang Yunan , Wu Lin , Wu Darong , Han Dongran , Liu Yixing
Published: December 2023

Purpose: Searching and selecting clinical evidence for systematic reviews (SRs) or clinical guidelines are vital for researchers in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The process can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, requiring significant effort from researchers. In this study, we introduce a new method for evidence-based selection that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and human efforts to achieve both swift and precise for TCM practitioners.
Methods: We use the knowledge engineer (KE) approach and a series of Boolean logic codes to select potential evidence automatically and accurately, with minimal human intervention. The selection details are recorded in real-time, enabling researchers to backtrack and verify the accuracy of the selection process. We apply the new approach in ten high-quality systematic reviews of randomly selected with TCM topics in the Chinese language. To evaluate the method's effectiveness, we compare the screen time and accuracy of the traditional selection method with the new process.
Results: The results show that the new method can accurately select potential literature under the same criteria while taking less time. Moreover, the new approach can identify more related evidence literature in some cases while tracking the selection progress for future reference. This study also identifies traditional screening methods are subjective and may lead to error inclusion of literature that does not meet the standards. The new method provides a more accurate and efficient way to select potential clinical evidence for TCM practitioners, outperforming traditional methods that rely solely on human effort.
Conclusion: We offer a novel approach to select clinical evidence for reviews and guidelines in TCM that can significantly reduce the workload for researchers. Our method holds promise for improving the efficiency and accuracy of evidence-based selection and may be used by editors to check the quality of manuscripts in the future.
The Prognostic Value of LAYN in HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its Influence on Immune Cell Infiltration
Authors: Chen Qingjuan , Chen Jiankang , Lu Zuzhuang , Nian Rui , Li Wanjun , Yao Zhongqiang , Mou Shangdong , Liu Ying , Cao Xia , He Wenjing , ZHU Chenjing
Published: December 2023

Background
HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits different characteristics from HPV-negative tumors in terms of tumor development, clinical features, treatment response, and prognosis. Layilin (LAYN), which contains homology with C-type lectins, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the prognostic value of LAYN and the relationship between LAYN and immune infiltration levels in HPV-related HNSCC patients still require a comprehensive understanding. Herein, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of LAYN and to investigate its underlying immunological function in HPV-related HNSCC.
Methods
Through various bioinformatics methods, we analyzed the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) databases to explore the potential underlying oncogenic impression of LAYN, including the relevance of LAYN to survival outcomes, clinicopathological factors, immune cell infiltration, and immune marker sets in HPV-related HNSCC. The expression levels of LAYN and HPV were also verified in HNSCC patient tissues.
Results
LAYN was differentially expressed in a variety of tumors. The expression of LAYN in HNSCC was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001), and high expression of LAYN was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) in HNSCC patients (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.3, P = 0.035). Moreover, LAYN expression level in HPV-positive HNSCC patients was significantly lower than that in HPV-negative patients, with HPV-positive HNSCC patients displaying a trend of favorable prognosis. In addition, the relationship between LAYN expression and immune infiltration levels in HPV-positive HNSCC group was less tightly correlated than that in HPV-negative HNSCC group, and there was a strong relationship between LAYN expression and markers of M2 macrophage (P < 0.001) and exhausted T cells (P < 0.05) in HPV-negative HNSCC. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis suggested that LAYN potentially influenced tumor progression through HPV infection and other cancer-related pathways.
Conclusions
LAYN might contribute to tumorigenesis via its positive correlation with immune checkpoint molecules and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Our study might provide a novel prognostic biomarker and latent therapeutic target for the treatment of HPV-related HNSCC.
Health professionals’ experiences and views on obstetric ultrasound in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bergström Cecilia , Ngarina Matilda , Abeid Muzdalifat , Kidanto Hussein , Edvardsson Kristina , Holmlund Sophia , Small Rhonda , Sengoma Jean Paul Semasaka , Ntaganira Joseph , Lan Pham Thi , Mogren Ingrid
Published: December 2023

Background
Obstetric ultrasound has been suggested to play an important role in increasing antenatal care attendance in low-income countries. The overall aim of this study was to explore health professionals’ perspectives on different aspects of obstetric ultrasound in Tanzania. More specifically, we wanted to investigate self-reported skills in performing ultrasound examinations and what health professionals thought could improve access to and utilisation of obstetric ultrasound in the clinical setting.
Material and Methods
Data collection took place between November and December 2017 using a questionnaire based on previous qualitative research results from the CROss Country UltraSound Study (CROCUS Study). In total, 17 healthcare facilities from national, regional and district levels, in five urban and semiurban municipalities in the Dar-es-Salaam region were included. A total of 636 health professionals participated in the study (physicians, n=307 and midwives/nurses, n=329).
Results
Most health professionals in this study agreed or strongly agreed that obstetric ultrasound was decisive in the clinical management of pregnancy. Compared to midwives/nurses, a greater proportion of physicians rated their skills as intermediate or high regarding basic ultrasound examinations. Most health professionals reported no skills or low-level skills for assessing cervical length, the fetal heart: 4 chamber view, aorta, and pulmonary artery, and Doppler: umbilical artery. Access to and utilisation of obstetric ultrasound was generally believed to be improved with more and better ultrasound machines along with more training. Compared to midwives/nurses, physicians were significantly more likely to agree or strongly agree that utilisation would improve however, with more ultrasound machines (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.26 – 3.61), better quality of ultrasound machines (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.10 – 4.69), more training for health professionals currently performing ultrasound (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.08 – 4.17), and more physicians trained in ultrasound (OR 2.51; 95% CI 1.30 – 4.87).
Conclusions
Provision of obstetric ultrasound examinations in Tanzania would likely improve with more and better-quality ultrasound machines, more training for health professionals currently performing ultrasound, and overall, more physicians trained in ultrasound use. To increase the accessibility and utilisation of obstetric ultrasound in maternity care in Tanzania, training for midwives in basic obstetric ultrasound use is warranted.
Development of a Kidney Microphysiological System Hardware Platform for Microgravity Studies
Authors: Yeung Catherine , Jones-Isaac Kendan , Lindberg Kevin , Yang Jade , Bain Jacelyn , Ruiz Micaela , Koenig Greta , Koenig Paul , Countryman Stefanie , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Kelly Edward
Published: December 2023

Study of the physiological effects of microgravity on humans is limited to non-invasive testing of astronauts. Microphysiological models of human organs recapitulate many functions and disease states. Here we describe the development of an advanced, semi-autonomous hardware platform to support kidney microphysiological model experiments in microgravity.
Anomalies of the right hepatic artery in periampullary cancers treatment: are pathological and clinical outcomes different? A single tertiary referral center retrospective analysis
Authors: De Sio Davide , Lucinato Chiara , Panza Edoardo , Quero Giuseppe , Laterza Vito , Schena Carlo Alberto , Fiorillo Claudio , Taglioni Flavia , Menghi Roberta , Longo Fabio , Rosa Fausto , Tortorelli Antonio Pio , Tondolo Vincenzo , Alfieri Sergio
Published: December 2023

Purpose
Anomalies of the right hepatic artery (RHA) may represent an additional challenge in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Aim of this study is to assess the potential impact of variations in hepatic arterial anatomy on perioperative outcomes.
Methods
PDs performed for periampullary malignancies between 2017 and 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were, thus, subdivided according to the pattern of vascularization into: modal pattern of vascularization (MPV) and anomalous pattern of vascularization (APV). A 2:1 propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to homogenize the two study populations. The two groups were then compared in terms of peri-operative outcomes and pathological findings.
Results
Thirty-eight patients (16.3%) out of 232 presented a vascular anomaly: an accessory RHA in 7 cases (3%), a replaced RHA in 26 cases (11.2%) and a replaced HA in 5 cases (2.1%). After PSM, 76 MPV patients were compared to the 38 APV patients. Incidence rate of post-operative complications was comparable between the two study populations (p = 0.2). Similarly, no difference was detected in terms of histopathological data, including margin status. No difference was noted in terms of perioperative hemorrhage (p = 0.6). No patients needed an arterial resection.
Conclusion
When PDs are performed in high-volume centers, the presence of anomalies of the RHA do not relate to a significant impact on perioperative complications. Moreover, no influence was noted in terms of histopathological findings.
Biomechanics of the osseous bridge formation in the atlas vertebra as a consequence of the intentional cranial deformation
Authors: Ortega-Ruiz Ricardo , Felip Antonio Ros
Published: December 2023

From more than 5,000 years ago until the Conquest, practices aimed to cause permanent cranial deformities in individuals were common in pre-Columbian societies. Its purpose was to produce signs of identity of different types: religious, magical, aesthetic, ethnic or social. These modifications were made with boards, fabrics, and elastic straps that applied pressure to the newborn's head. There are many morphological variants, but a classification into four groups is generally accepted: Straight Circular, Oblique Circular, Straight Tabular and Oblique Tabular. In the anthropological investigation of bone samples from the archaeological site of the Huallamarca pyramid (Lima, Peru), the classification process collected a significant sample with oblique tabular deformation, which show a variant of simultaneous deformation in both the skull and the bone. from the atlas. In this first cervical vertebra the so-called Ponticulus Posticus is shown, a bony bridge resulting from bone remodeling, in which one of the theories about its origin is its generation due to the alteration of natural loads of the neck joint. The purpose of this article is the development and application of biomechanical techniques to verify this point of view, focusing the study on the one hand on the correlation between possible changes in the location of the center of gravity of the skull and, on the other, the consequent changes of loads on the atlas as a result of the intentional shape change of the skull.
Optimization of ecological water replenishment in water-deficient rivers by coupling hydrodynamic model and optimization algorithm——A case study of the Beijing section of Yongding River
Authors: LIANG Yuhang , Li Zhaoyong , Li Xiaolin , Gou Shaojie , Li Guanghe , Bai Tao , Yang Moyuan , Wang He
Published: December 2023

In view of the subjectivity and limitations of traditional scenario setting in devising ecological water replenishment scheme for water-deficient rivers, as well as problems such as time-consuming computations and the difficulty of obtaining global optimal solutions, this paper proposes an ecological water replenishment optimization model coupling a hydrodynamic model and an optimization algorithm. By leveraging the hydrodynamic model to obtain relationship curves between various hydrodynamic indicators (e.g., water level, discharge, flow velocity) under different ecological water replenishment scenarios, and combining these curves with the optimization algorithm, the model aims to obtain the most optimal water replenishment scheme to meet specific objectives. Using the ecological water replenishment project in the Beijing section of the Yongding River as a case study, the model calculates the minimum thresholds of the water replenishment flow of the Guanting Reservoir are 3 m3/s and 30 m3/s, respectively, when the Mountain Gorge section and the Beijing section of Yongding River are in the state of full-channel waterflow connectivity. On the premise of the maximum guarantee rate of suitable ecological flow in Sanjiadian section, the highest monthly average ecological water replenishment efficiency from Guanting to Sanjiadian section and the maximum guarantee rate of full-channel waterflow connectivity, this study proposes a comprehensive optimal ecological water replenishment scheme to make each goal in a better state as much as possible, which not only provides novel insights and methodologies for the formulation of ecological water replenishment scheme for the Yongding River, but also holds important reference value for the development of ecological water replenishment scheme of other water-deficient rivers.
Reference Lactobacillus strains as Potential Antimicrobial Agents Against Priority Pathogens with Different Levels of Drug Resistance
Authors: Shah Vidhi , Soni Richa , Dabhi Milan , Goswami Dweipayan , Joshi Rushikesh
Published: December 2023

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that can exert antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of probiotics reference strains of, Lactobacillus acidophilus(LA, NCDC Accession No. 13), Lactobacillus casei(LC, NCDC Accession No. 17), and Lactobacillus plantarum(LP, NCDC Accession No. 20) against twelve pathogens, some of which are classified as High priority by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to their extensive antibiotic resistance. The probiotics were obtained from the National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC); National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal; India as reference strains. The pathogens were isolated from clinical samples and identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, while their antibiotic resistance profiles were identified using VITEK®2. The antibacterial activity of the probiotics was measured by two standard methods (agar well diffusion and agar slab method). The zone of inhibition and the antagonistic activity of the probiotics were recorded and compared. All three probiotics exhibited antibacterial activity against all 12 pathogens, with varying degrees of inhibition and antagonism. The study demonstrated that lactobacilli strains from NDRI had shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of WHO-priority pathogens.
Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial using VISIONARY, a dichoptic Gabor patch video game, to improve visual function in children with amblyopia
Authors: Pérez-Benito Maria , Calderón-González Teresa , Álvarez-Martín Esther , Martín-González Santiago , Portela-Camino Juan A.
Published: December 2023

Background: Conventional treatment for amblyopia, involving occlusion and penalization of the dominant eye, does not always lead to effective outcomes and is associated with a high risk of recurrence and non-compliance. In this article, we present a protocol for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of Visionary, a novel computer-based therapy that uses dichoptic Gabor patches and band-filtered noise to treat amblyopia in the patient’s home.
Methods: Our aim is to recruit a total of 120 children with amblyopia, aged 4–12 years, from the Paediatric Ophthalmology Unit at the Merida Hospital in Badajoz (Spain). The children will be divided into two groups according to whether or not they have previously undergone treatment involving occlusion or penalization of the dominant eye: 60 participants with no history of occlusion or penalization treatment will be assigned to Group A (GA), while Group B (GB) will consist of 60 participants who have previously received treatment with an occlusion dose > 32 weeks in mild or moderate amblyopia or > 48 weeks in severe amblyopia.
In GA, the participants will be randomly assigned to either an experimental subgroup (GA-E) or a control subgroup (GA-C). Members of the GA-E group will be prescribed home therapy using computer-based exercises (Visionary); members of the GA-C group will be prescribed occlusion according to Pediatric Eye Disease Investigation Group (PEDIG) protocols.
In GB, all participants will receive occlusion according to PEDIG protocols, and all will be prescribed home therapy using Visionary. In the experimental subgroup (GB-E), the computer will adjust the training spatial frequency of the Gabor patch, taking into account the user’s visual acuity (VA); while in the control subgroup (GB-C), the spatial frequency will remain low, irrespective of the patient’s VA.
Visual function assessments will be carried out prior to the intervention and every three weeks thereafter; changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at distance will be the primary outcome measure under consideration. Stereoacuity and patient compliance will also be assessed.
Discussion: The Visionary system based on dichoptic Gabor patches was originally conceived as a serious game to provide vision training to amblyopic children by combining the concepts of perceptual learning, dichoptic training, and gamification in the home environment. We hope that this novel approach may lead to greater improvements in vision performance in amblyopic children, as a substitute for occlusion treatment in novel amblyopia or as an adjunct treatment option in persistent amblyopia.
Trial registration: This protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06150391) on 29th of November 2023.
Comparative Biowaiver Study of Moxifloxacin in Immediate Release of Oral Solid Dosage Form
Authors: Siraj Zahid , Adil Omair , Amin Bakht , Tahiri Iftikhar Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Biowaiver is based on a Bio-pharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), and it is used to waive in-vivo studies of test products that are intended for registration from drug regulatory authorities. After certain in-vitro testing, the BCS tells whether the test product is “bioequivalent” to the reference or innovator product or not. Bioequivalence is needed to check the risks arising from the presence of different excipients in the formulation and due to manufacturing variables being deemed to be low. Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic drugs with a wide therapeutic index. It shows a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Here, In-vitro biowaiver study of moxifloxacin was conducted based on Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). Out of four BCS classes, moxifloxacin falls in class I which represents high solubility and high permeability. One innovator and five test brands of Moxifloxacin tablets were collected from the local market and their in-vitro dissolution study was performed by using pharma test DT 70 apparatus at different time (15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes), in three buffer systems i.e., hydrochloric acid buffer (pH 1.2), acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Biowaiver of moxifloxacin tablet is scientifically justified the dosage form of the reference product is rapidly dissolving (85% in 15 min) in all three buffers. Interestingly, we found low-cost alternative test products that show similar dissolution profiles to the reference product in these buffers. Therefore, the biowaiver study of moxifloxacin provides evidence that the test products are bioequivalent with innovator products which leads to provision of cost effective and alternative drug product.
Invariant EKF based 3D Active SLAM with Exploration Task
Authors: Xu Mengya , Chen Shengduo , Huang Shoudong , Zhao Liang , Hao Qi
Published: December 2023

Right invariant extended Kalman filter (RIEKF) based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) has shown to be able to produce more consistent SLAM estimates as compared with traditional EKF based SLAM methods. In this paper, RIEKF algorithm is used to solve active SLAM problem for 3D indoor environments with exploration task. A combined planner which combines an efficient global planner with an accurate local planner is proposed. Both the predicted SLAM results for candidate control actions and the actual estimated SLAM results after applying the selected control actions are computed using RIEKF algorithms. Simulation and real-world results under different scenarios have shown that the proposed RIEKF based active SLAM algorithm can explore unknown environments more efficiently with more accurate SLAM estimate. The code is made publicly available.
The effect of intense pulsed light on the ocular surface microenvironment of patients with dry eye associated with meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Song Wenjing , Cheng Yu , Yan Xiaoming , Yang Songlin
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To investigate the effect of IPL on the bacterial flora of the palpebral margin of patients with dry eye disease (DED)-associated meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
Methods: All subjects were accepted 3 times IPL combined with expression of the meibomian gland (MGX) in the clinic. Cultures were obtained from the margin of the eyelid of the right eyes. Two swabs were taken from each patient at the following time points: Before treatment and the patient completed the first treatment. All swabs were taken for culture and analyzed for bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi. Tear break-up time (TBUT) was measured before and after 3 weeks of each treatment. Corneal fluorescent staining (CFS), meibomian gland evaluator, lid margin congestion (LMC), and the SPEED questionnaire were evaluated at the beginning and the final follow-up.
Results: The bacterial load of the eye lid reduced significantly after IPL treatment. Staphylococcus epidermidiswas the bacterium most frequently isolated and was observed in 55% of all patients before the first treatment with IPL. The CFS, SPEED, and LM score was reduced and the TBUT and MGE score improved after 3-times IPL treatment. Specifically, TBUT improved at every follow-up time. The improvement in the SPEED score and the improvement in the MGE score were correlated with the improvement in TBUT.
Conclusions: IPL treatment could reduce the bacterial load of the eyelid margin, improve the TBUT, MGE, and SPEED score. It is a comprehensive treatment for DED as it could improve several OSM factors.
Continuous adiabatic frequency conversion for FMCW-LiDAR
Authors: Mrokon Alexander , Oehler Johanna , Breunig Ingo
Published: December 2023

Continuous tuning of the frequency of laser light is the cornerstone for a plethora of applications in basic science as
well as in the industrial environment. They range from the hunt for gravitational waves, the realization of optical
clocks over health and environmental monitoring to distance measurements. So far, it is difficult to combine a wide
tuning range (> 100 GHz) with sub-microsecond tuning times, intrinsic tuning linearity and coherence lengths
beyond 10 m. We show that electro-optically driven adiabatic frequency converters using high Q microresonators
made of lithium niobate are able to transfer arbitrary voltage signals into frequency chirps on time scales far below
1 μs. The temporal variation of the frequency nicely agrees with the one of the voltage applied. The corresponding coefficient of determination is
R2 > 0.999. The coherence length of the emitted light is of the order of 100 m. In order to prove these findings,
we apply linear frequency sweeps for FMCW LiDAR for distances between 0.5 and 10 m without any signs of
nonlinearity. Our results show that electro-optically driven adiabatic frequency
converters can be used in applications that require ultrafast and flexible continuous frequency tuning with intrinsic
linearity and large coherence length.
Research on grinding performance of electroplated coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel by dressing
Authors: Deng Shibo , Xia Yongqi , Ni Binkun , Wu Mingtao
Published: December 2023

In precision grinding of hard and brittle materials, coarse-grained diamond grinding wheels are increasingly favored for their efficiency and contour accuracy. However, challenges in dressing these grinding wheels have hindered their widespread adoption. In this paper, the effects of dressing parameters on the surface profile and morphological characteristics of electroplated coarse-grained diamond were studied, thereby optimizing the dressing accuracy and dressing efficiency of the coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel. Models for the surface morphology of the large-grained diamond grinding wheel and its grinding surface were established. With a focus on optimizing dressing accuracy, we explored how the grain's protruding height post-dressing affects the surface morphology of both the diamond grinding wheel and the grinding surface. The model's accuracy was verified by electroplated coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel grinding experiments with different grain protrusion heights, and the causes of surface morphology formation were analyzed based on morphological characteristic parameters such as surface roughness and surface height difference. The results showed that compared with the undressed grinding wheel, the surface roughness Sa and Sq of the workpiece by the dressing wheel are reduced by 97.75%-99.77% and 97.57%-99.73%, respectively. Precision dressing enables the surface roughness of the electroplated coarse-grained diamond grinding wheel to reach nanometer levels, enhancing its feasibility and application potential.
Trust to reduce risk in a market without quality signals
Authors: Mignot Sylvain , Vignes Annick
Published: December 2023

This article analyses the determinants of loyalty on a market for perishable goods, where there exists no label or quality signal and quantities can be scarce. This daily market exhibits a specific bi-organization. Every morning, agents can choose between bidding or exchanging through bilateral transactions. Surprisingly, this organization is a stable one and it sounds like an economic paradox. Our hypothesis is that agents behave in a different way according to their level of information, trust or reputation. It is well accepted in economy that trust plays an important role in transactions but its definition and measurement stay, as far as we know, very elusive. This article provide a measurement of loyalty, based on the dynamics of agents' encounters. It brings into the light that, when the transaction links on the auction market reflects the economic constraints of the partners, the network of relationships on the bilateral market depends on something more. Our results help to understand the distinctive characteristics and functioning of each sub-market. This discussion contributes to the debate about the efficiency of market structures.
Plastic Waste Recycling For Development Of Bito-Plastic Roads In Educational Institutions For Sustainable Pathways
Authors: Babu Sri. G. Nani , Krishna KVSG Murali , kousalya G. , babji K.
Published: December 2023

India is facing top ten challenges out of those plastic wastes Management is priority matter. India is leading the way in their development in many fields like S&T, Automation, Robotics for ease of operations in Waste Management. Plastic waste generation in India is about 4.13 million metric tons per annum, of which 20–30% is recycled. The top 5 states in India for producing plastic waste are Telangana, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka. India has built about 33,800 km of plastic roads up to this point. India has already built over 33,000 km of plastic roads and is planning to build even more in the future. This is a significant step in the right direction in the fight against plastic pollution. each kilometer of plastic road requires 9 tons of bitumen and 1 ton of plastic waste. One ton of bitumen can be saved for every kilometer of plastic road built. The abstract plastic roads are one of the best ways to easily dispose of waste plastics and that they can help to reduce plastic pollution. It also highlights the potential of plastic roads to strengthen road building and make it more affordable.
Enhancing preclinical speech-language pathology students’ self-perceived clinical competence using simulated patients
Authors: Ma Estella P.-M. , Lee Taiying , Li Wing-hong
Published: December 2023

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of preclinical simulation-based learning experience in reducing student anxiety in interacting with real patients and enhancing their self-perceived clinical competence.
Method
Second-year undergraduate speech-language pathology (SLP) students undertaking a preparatory course for clinical work and placement participated. Two clinical case simulation sessions were embedded as part of this course. In each session, two professional actors role-played as caregivers of family members with communication disorders. The first simulation focused on foundational assessment skills, and students were required to obtain a case history with the simulated caregivers. The second simulation targeted intervention and students presented caregivers with appropriate communication strategies. Students’ self-perceived level of skills, confidence and anxiety were assessed before and after the simulation sessions.
Design:
Pre-post design.
Results
Students reported significant increases in their confidence level following simulation sessions. They perceived themselves as much better prepared for working with real patients in upcoming clinical placements.
Discussion
Simulation-based learning experience in a controlled environment enhances preclinical SLP students’ perceived confidence levels and clinical competence.
Maternal genetic diversity analysis of Guanling cattle by mitochondrial genome sequencing
Authors: Xu Longxin , Wang Xin , Wang Hua , Wu Junda , Zhou Wenzhang , Ni Mengmeng , Zhang Kaikai , Zhao Yuanfeng , Lin Ruiyi
Published: December 2023

Owing to the unique geography and the isolated environment, Guanling cattle, which is one of five local breeds in Guizhou, China, has developed unique characteristics. The number of pure Guanling cattle decreased markedly because of the hybridization with foreign breeds. In the present study, the maternal genetic diversity of 58 Guanling bulls was assessed by whole mitochondrial genome sequencing. Genetic polymorphisms and phylogenetic analyses classified Guanling cattle into two main lineages, where 43.10% of Guanling cattle were closely related to the foreign breeds and 56.90% displayed distinct features in mitochondrial genomic diversity. PCA analysis further separated Guanling cattle into four populations, one of which was clustered with the foreign breeds. The result of the structure plot and genetic polymorphism revealed high genetic diversities within two populations that have a long genetic distance from the foreign breeds. Overall, our findings suggest that the whole mitochondrial genome sequencing analysis is a useful and reliable tool to study maternal genetic diversity and to identify the pure population of Guanling cattle. The results will be beneficial to the breeding management of Guanling cattle.
Ti-V-Nb precipitation refinement via aging time modification for wear resistance improving in nitrogen micro-alloyed high manganese steels
Authors: Cao Hongli , Chen Xin , Chen Sida , Cao Boer , Wu Yuhao , Zou Shangyang , Huang Xiaomin , Li Zulai , Shan Quan
Published: December 2023

It is very beneficial for wear resistance improving how to acquire refined precipitates with diffuse distribution. In high manganese cast steels, Ti-V-Nb microalloying is a useful method to promote carbide and carbonitride precipitating, and the nitrogen addition could accelerate the precipitation. Therefore, Aging time modification is a practical option to implement the precipitation strength and wear resistance of micro-alloyed high manganese steels. In this work, the quantities and distribution of precipitates were collaboratively regulated by Ti-V-Nb-N microalloying and aging time variations (water quenching at 1100°C followed by holding at 400°C for 24, 60, and 84 hours, respectively, designated AT24, AT60, and AT84) to improve the wear resistance of manganese steels. The results have shown that solid solution aging treatment could effectively refine micron-sized precipitates in high manganese steels compared to as-cast (AS) steels while inducing the precipitation of nanoscale precipitates. With increasing aging time, the number of nanoscale precipitates increased and then decreased, and the nanoscale precipitates were most numerous and uniformly distributed in AT60, which exhibited the most excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. Refined micron-size precipitates cooperating with diffusely distributed nanoscale precipitates increased the matrix resistance to abrasives resulting in less wear weight loss and improved wear resistance of AT60. Compared to as-cast steel, the wear mechanisms of the tested steels were transformed from wide and deep pits to shallow grooves and micro-cutting by prolonging the aging time.
Endoscopic Common Bile Duct Stones Clearance During Pregnancy: Challenges and solutions. A retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Taha Abdallah , Saada Ahmed , Abdelshafy Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Background Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of common bile duct stones. Currently Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the treatment of choice for symptomatic choledocholithiasis. However, ERCP during pregnancy is associated with hazards of radiation exposure, as well as challenging patient positioning and anesthesia. Aim of the study: It aimed to present our trial to overcome challenges in endoscopic clearance of symptomatic common bile duct stones during pregnancy. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective analysis of endoscopic CBD clearance in 27 pregnant patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis between February 2019 and February 2023. Sedation and anesthesia was done by safe medications by senior anesthetist, and the endoscopic procedure was performed in left lateral decubitus instead of prone position. The gravid uterus was kept away from the monopolar electrocautery current pathway. Radiocontrast injection and fluoroscopy was deleted and replaced by trans-abdominal US and endoscopic bile aspiration. Data were collected, tabulated and analyzed by SPSS ver. 26. Result The patient’s age ranged from 18 to 36 years (Mean: 25 years). The mean duration of gestation ranged from 7–32 (Mean 15 weeks) and 17 patients were in the first trimester, 8 patients in the second trimester, and two patients in the third trimester). Therapeutic ERCP was successfully performed in all patients. The time of the procedure ranged from 19 to 45 minutes (Mean: 27 ± 13 min). As regards post-ERCP complications, one patient (3.7%) developed pancreatitis post-ERCP and was treated successfully with conservative treatment, and one patient (3.7%) with minor bleeding. All procedures were performed without any material adverse events immediately or on follow-up. There were no signs of fetal distress during any of these cases, and there were no fetal complications noted upon delivery or at 30-day follow-up. Conclusion Endoscopic clearance of symptomatic common bile duct stones during pregnancy can be obtained safely without fluoroscopy. Adjunct US and endoscopic bile aspiration can overcome the absence of fluoroscopy. Careful positioning of the patient, proper positioning of monopolar cautery pad, and judicious anesthetic modification are all crucial for patient and fetal safety.
Coherence requirements for quantum communication from hybrid circuit dynamics
Authors: Kelly Shane P. , Poschinger Ulrich , Schmidt-Kaler Ferdinand , Fisher Matthew P. A. , Marino Jamir
Published: December 2023

The coherent superposition of quantum states is an important resource for quantum information processing which distinguishes quantum dynamics and information from their classical counterparts. In this article we determine the coherence requirements to communicate quantum information in a broad setting encompassing monitored quantum dynamics and quantum error correction codes. We determine these requirements by considering hybrid circuits that are generated by a quantum information game played between two opponents, Alice and Eve, who compete by applying unitaries and measurements on a fixed number of qubits. Alice applies unitaries in an attempt to maintain quantum channel capacity, while Eve applies measurements in an attempt to destroy it. By limiting the coherence generating or destroying operations available to each opponent, we determine Alice’s coherence requirements. When Alice plays a random strategy aimed at mimicking generic monitored quantum dynamics, we discover a coherence-tuned phase transitions in entanglement and quantum channel capacity. We then derive a theorem giving the minimum coherence required by Alice in any successful strategy, and conclude by proving that coherence sets an upper bound on the code distance in any stabelizer quantum error correction code. Such bounds provide a rigorous quantification of the coherence resource requirements for quantum communication and error correction.
Beyond Fermi's golden rule with the statistical Jacobi approximation
Authors: Long David M. , Hahn Dominik , Bukov Marin , Chandran Anushya
Published: December 2023

Many problems in quantum dynamics can be cast as the decay of a single quantum state into a continuum. The time-dependent overlap with the initial state, called the fidelity, characterizes this decay. We derive an analytic expression for the fidelity after a quench to an ergodic Hamiltonian. The expression is valid for both weak and strong quenches, and timescales before finiteness of the Hilbert space limits the fidelity. It reproduces initial quadratic decay and asymptotic exponential decay with a rate which, for strong quenches, differs from Fermi’s golden rule. The analysis relies on the statistical Jacobi approximation (SJA), which was originally applied in nearly localized systems, and which we here adapt to well-thermalizing systems. Our results demonstrate that the SJA is predictive in disparate regimes of quantum dynamics.
Gaining insights on anyon condensation and 1-form symmetry breaking across a topological phase transition in a deformed toric code model
Authors: Huxford Joe , Nguyen Dung , Kim Yong Baek
Published: December 2023

We examine the condensation and confinement mechanisms exhibited by a deformed toric code model proposed in [Castelnovo and Chamon, Phys. Rev. B 77, 054433 (2008)]. The model describes both sides of a phase transition from a topological phase to a trivial phase. Our findings reveal an unconventional confinement mechanism that governs the behavior of the toric code excitations within the trivial phase. Specifically, the confined magnetic charge can still be displaced without any energy cost, albeit only via the application of non-unitary operators that reduce the norm of the state. This peculiar phenomenon can be attributed to a previously known feature of the model: It maintains the non-trivial ground state degeneracy of the toric code throughout the transition. We describe how this degeneracy arises in both phases in terms of spontaneous symmetry breaking of a generalized (1-form) symmetry and explain why such symmetry breaking is compatible with the trivial phase. The present study implies the existence of subtle considerations that must be addressed in the context of recently posited connections between topological phases and broken higher-form symmetries.
Neural network quantum states analysis of the Shastry-Sutherland model
Authors: Mezera Matej , Menšíková Jana , Baláž Pavel , Žonda Martin
Published: December 2023

We utilize neural network quantum states (NQS) to investigate the ground state properties of the Heisenberg model on a Shastry-Sutherland lattice using the variational Monte Carlo method. We show that already relatively simple NQSs can be used to approximate the ground state of this model in its different phases and regimes. We first compare several types of NQSs with each other on small lattices and benchmark their variational energies against the exact diagonalization results. We argue that when precision, generality, and computational costs are taken into account, a good choice for addressing larger systems is a shallow restricted Boltzmann machine NQS. We then show that such NQS can describe the main phases of the model in zero magnetic field. Moreover, NQS based on a restricted Boltzmann machine correctly describes the intriguing plateaus forming in magnetization of the model as a function of increasing magnetic field.
Data literacy for citizenry: A few policy recommendations from a literature review
Authors: Salomão Filho Alfredo , Wasson Barbara , Lameras Petros , Maloszek Ruth
Published: December 2023

and datafication within societies over the last years. In this context, the concept of data literacy has also gained in importance, as it is seen as one of the skills that citizens require in order to navigate and participate in society. However, despite the relevance of the concept, it is yet to be discussed as to the ways to promote it at the institutional level. In order to perform such a task, we conducted a review that combines approaches from a mapping review with that of a traditional narrative review, making a series of policy recommendations towards a data literate society. Focusing on the period between 2015 and 2021, we analysed a corpus of 39 empirical and theoretical studies. Findings confirm the scattered and interdisciplinary nature of research on data literacy, yet paving the way for a series of recommendations to promote the former.
In-depth characterization of sediment contamination in stormwater infiltration basins
Authors: Tedoldi Damien , Couvidat Julien , Gautier Mathieu , Zhan Qiufang , Winiarski Thierry , Lipeme Kouyi Gislain , Delolme Cécile , Chatain Vincent
Published: December 2023

Managing stormwater in infiltration-based systems enables the interception of runoff suspended solids. Accumulated particles form a layer of stormwater sediments, the contamination of which presents a critical challenge for maintenance operations but is still insufficiently understood. This study therefore aims to characterize the main contamination patterns of stormwater sediments. Sediments were sampled from 18 infiltration basins encompassing a diversity of catchments. Eighty-five substances, including metals and six families of organic micropollutants, were targeted, almost all of which were consistently quantified. A significant accumulation relative to baseline levels was ascertained in all sites. The geochemical signature of stormwater sediments was relatively close to that of road dust, but different from continental and marine sediments, revealing the contribution of urban-specific sources of contaminants. Common emission and transfer dynamics were inferred from strong correlations between metals; same observations were made for alkylphenols and the group formed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxins, and furans. The predominant land use was generally insufficient to explain the inter-site variability of sediment contamination, which could still be understood from an in-depth study of each catchment and the identification of site-specific emission sources. These results constitute a milestone toward stormwater sediment reuse as a resource.
Role of environmental education in water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria
Authors: Kola-Olusanya Anthony , Oyeyemi Ezekiel , Adewale Peter Sanjo , Omobuwa Olubukunola
Published: December 2023

Water-related issues such as scarcity and pollution have become increasingly pressing in sub-Saharan Africa, especially Nigeria, highlighting the need for an effective environmental education (EE) programme. The relationship between EE and water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria remains an open question. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the role of EE in water pollution prevention and conservation in Nigeria. A simple random sampling was used to select 766 respondents from the southwest geo-political zone of Nigeria. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Results show a high level of awareness of water pollution and conservation strategies. However, people's attitude towards preventing water pollution and conservation was poor. Age does not significantly (at p < 0.05) affect awareness and attitude towards water pollution prevention and conservation. However, the level of education significantly (at p < 0.05) influences the level of awareness and attitude of people towards water pollution prevention and conservation. EE increases awareness and attitude towards water pollution prevention and conservation. Therefore, the Federal Ministries of Water Resources and Education should endeavour to make EE a compulsory programme in the school curriculum across all levels of education.
Diálogo intercultural a partir de um Projeto Erasmus Plus
Authors: Reis Márcia Lopes , Celeste Filho Macioniro , Ventura Victor Bastos
Published: December 2023

O artigo objetiva discutir as possibilidades de internacionalização das ações universitárias com práticas de interculturalidade inferidas desde a implementação de um projeto de extensão de uma universidade pública paulista no contexto de um Projeto Erasmus Plus. Fundamenta-se, teoricamente, na interculturalidade como diálogo e comunicação entre diferentes culturas, reconhecendo a diversidade como um valor em si mesmo, segundo Dussel (2016), Quiroz (2007), Santos (2006), entre outros. O estudo de caso foi a metodologia adotada e as unidades de análise são as formações pedagógicas implementadas com a fundamentação teórico-prática do Projeto Erasmus Plus na ação de extensão Cursinho Pré-Universitário Ferradura, da Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Os resultados permitiram sistematizar evidências de colaboração entre distintas culturas. Conclui-se que projetos como o Erasmus, mesmo propostos de modo unilateral, possibilitam estabelecer diálogos internos na universidade e, externamente, com outras instituições universitárias, desde a perspectiva de que o “diferente” pode promover sinergias e o diálogo intercultural.
Pure Bending of Homogenous Isotropic Elastic Curved Beam
Authors: Ecsedi István , Baksa Attila , Habbachi Marwen
Published: December 2023

In this paper a detailed analysis is given for the pure bending problem of curved beams. The material of the curved beam is homogenous isotropic linearly elastic. The mantle of the curved beam is stress free and there is no body force on the curved beam. The plane of the curvature of the beam is the plane of symmetry for the whole beam. Paper gives the expressions of circumferential and radial normal stresses. A strength of material approach is used to derive the governing equations. A numerical example illustrates the application of the presented solutions.