bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-linguistic influence in L1 processing of morphosyntactic variation: Evidence from L2 learners
Authors: Requena Pablo E. , Berry Grant M.
Published: January 2021

The current study investigates cross-linguistic influence of second language (L2) learning on native language (L1) processing of morphosyntactic variation in proficient L2 learners immersed in their L1. Despite Spanish pre- and postverbal clitic pronoun positions being grammatical in complex verb phrases, preferences of use have been well attested in naturalistic language production. To examine whether those preferences obtain for comprehension in monolinguals, as well as how those preferences might be modulated by learning an L2 with fixed pronoun positions, we administered a self-paced reading experiment to 20 Spanish monolinguals as well as 22 proficient learners English (L1 Spanish). The results of a Bayesian mixed effects regression analysis suggest that preferences in production are echoed in comprehension—but only for the monolingual group. We find support for facilitation in the bilingual group precisely where both languages overlap, as well as evidence that bilinguals may not use clitic position as a reliable cue at all. We interpret the results as evidence that learning an L2 that lacks variation for a particular feature may lead to reduced sensitivity to that feature as a cue in an analogous L1 structure. We situate these results in an experience-based, shared-syntax account of language processing.
An examination of the joint effects of adolescent interpersonal styles and parenting styles on substance use
Authors: Meisel Samuel N. , Colder Craig R.
Published: January 2021

The current study examined how parenting and adolescent interpersonal styles jointly influence youths’ abilities to form close relationships – a central developmental milestone – yet avoid substance use, which predominantly occurs in the presence of peers. Nine annual waves from an adolescent sample (N = 387) were used to assess (a) combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles from early to middle adolescence using longitudinal latent profile analysis, (b) the validity of these profiles on indicators of adjustment, and (c) the relationships between the profiles and growth in substance use across adolescence as well as substance-related consequences in late adolescence. The results supported five distinct combinations of interpersonal and parenting styles, and validity analyses identified both risk and protective profiles. The protective profile submissive–communal interpersonal style + high-warmth–authoritative parenting style was associated with indicators of positive social adjustment (e.g., friendship quality, resistance to peer influence) as well as lower levels of substance use. Significant differences also emerged with respect to substance-related consequences. The findings of this study highlight how combinations of adolescent interpersonal style and parenting render adolescents more or less successful at navigating peer relationships while avoiding substance use behaviors.
‘Soft Law in a Hard Shell’: India, International Rulemaking and the International Solar Alliance
Authors: Jha Vyoma
Published: January 2021

This article examines the creation of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a new international organization led by India and backed primarily by developing countries. Official documents and wide-ranging interviews offer insights into the treaty-making process. Using a political economy approach to the study of international law, the article analyzes politico-legal issues associated with the creation of the ISA. The legal form of the ISA is best described as ‘soft law in a hard shell’: it uses the legal infrastructure of a treaty while relying on the social structure of participating actors for its future implementation. Empirical evidence suggests that three factors explain the treaty structure of the ISA: India's leadership role in the treaty-making process, the early involvement of non-state actors, and the preference of developing countries for legal form. Ultimately, the case illustrates India's shift towards a leadership role in climate change governance, and the steady emergence of non-state actors in driving climate action.
Crustal Rotation and Fluids: Factors for the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence?
Authors: Tong Ping , Yao Jiayuan , Liu Qinya , Li Tianjue , Wang Kai , Liu Shaolin , Cheng Yau‐Wing , Wu Shucheng
Published: January 2021

P‐wave azimuthal anisotropic tomography reveals that the July 6, 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake occurred in a region with clockwise crustal rotation. The rotation together with the sinistral slip on the Garlock Fault is a response to the northwest‐trending, dextral shear within the Eastern California Shear Zone due to the relative motion between the Pacific and North America Plates. The hypocentral area of the Ridgecrest mainshock is characterized by a sharp lateral velocity contrast which has a reversal in contrast polarity at about 5 km depth. We find high Vp/Vs ratio structures covering the rupture zones of the Mw 6.4 foreshock and the Mw 7.1 mainshock, which may indicate the existence of fluids in the fault zones. We speculate that fluids and crustal rotation may have played important mechanical roles in causing the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence.
Assessment of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity of the Community Earth System Model Version 2 Through Simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Otto‐Bliesner Bette L. , Brady Esther C. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Tierney Jessica E. , Lofverstrom Marcus , DiNezio Pedro
Published: January 2021

The upper end of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) has increased substantially in the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects phase 6 with eight models (as of this writing) reporting an ECS > 5°C. The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) is one such high‐ECS model. Here we perform paleoclimate simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using CESM2 to examine whether its high ECS is realistic. We find that the simulated LGM global mean temperature decrease exceeds 11°C, greater than both the cooling estimated from proxies and simulated by an earlier model version (CESM1). The large LGM cooling in CESM2 is attributed to a strong shortwave cloud feedback in the newest atmosphere model. Our results indicate that the high ECS of CESM2 is incompatible with LGM constraints and that the projected future warming in CESM2, and models with a similarly high ECS, is thus likely too large.
Generation of the Amundsen Sea Low by Antarctic Orography
Authors: Goyal Rishav , Jucker Martin , Sen Gupta Alex , England Matthew H.
Published: January 2021

The Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) is a distinctive feature of the Southern Hemisphere high latitude atmospheric circulation, regulating regional Antarctic climate, meridional heat transport, ocean circulation, and sea‐ice in the Amundsen‐Bellingshausen Seas. Most previous research on the ASL has focused on its variability with only a few studies attempting to understand why the climatological ASL exists. These studies have proposed different hypotheses to explain the presence of the ASL, however, a clear understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the generation of the ASL remains uncertain. Here we use an atmospheric general circulation model to show that the ASL is a consequence of the interaction between Antarctic topography and the westerly wind jet, with negligible influence from low‐latitude teleconnections. A nonrotating fluid flow simulation further suggests that the ASL can be explained by flow separation resulting from the interaction of westerly winds with the topography of Antarctica.
Understanding Tropical Convection Through Triple Oxygen Isotopes of Precipitation From the Maritime Continent
Authors: He Shaoneng , Jackisch Dominik , Samanta Dhrubajyoti , Yi Phyllis Kho Yu , Liu Guangxin , Wang Xianfeng , Goodkin Nathalie F.
Published: January 2021

Monthly precipitation samples from Singapore were collected between 2013 and 2019 for stable isotope analysis to further our understanding of the drivers of tropical precipitation isotopes, in particular, 17O‐excess. δ18O ranges from –11.34‰ to –2.34‰, with a low correlation to rainfall (r = –0.31, p = 0.014), suggesting a weak amount effect. d‐excess is relatively consistent and has an average value of 10.89‰ ± 3.45‰. Compared to high‐latitude regions, 17O‐excess in our samples generally falls in a narrower range from 2 to 47 per meg with an average of 21 ± 11 per meg. Moreover, 17O‐excess shows strong periodic variability; spectral analysis reveals 3‐month, 6‐month, and 2.7‐year periodicities, likely corresponding to intraseasonal oscillations, monsoons, and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), respectively. In contrast, d‐excess shows no clear periodicities. Although spectral analysis only identifies 6‐month periodicity in the δ18O time series, δ18O tracks the Nino3.4 sea surface temperature variability; the average δ18O value (–5.2‰) is higher during El Niño years than ENSO neutral years (–7.6‰). Therefore, regional convection associated with monsoons and ENSO has different impacts on δ18O, d‐excess, and 17O‐excess. 17O‐excess and d‐excess are anticorrelated and do not relate to the relative humidity in moisture source regions. Extremely low humidity and drought conditions in moisture source regions would be required to account for high 17O‐excess. Processes during transport and precipitation likely modify these two parameters, especially 17O‐excess, which no longer record humidity conditions of moisture source regions. Our findings will be useful for further modeling studies to identify physical processes during convection that alter d‐excess and 17O‐excess.
Toward Data‐Driven Generation and Evaluation of Model Structure for Integrated Representations of Human Behavior in Water Resources Systems
Authors: Ekblad Liam , Herman Jonathan D.
Published: January 2021

Simulations of human behavior in water resources systems are challenged by uncertainty in model structure and parameters. The increasing availability of observations describing these systems provides the opportunity to infer a set of plausible model structures using data‐driven approaches. This study develops a three‐phase approach to the inference of model structures and parameterizations from data: problem definition, model generation, and model evaluation, illustrated on a case study of land use decisions in the Tulare Basin, California. We encode the generalized decision problem as an arbitrary mapping from a high‐dimensional data space to the action of interest and use multiobjective genetic programming to search over a family of functions that perform this mapping for both regression and classification tasks. To facilitate the discovery of models that are both realistic and interpretable, the algorithm selects model structures based on multiobjective optimization of (1) their performance on a training set and (2) complexity, measured by the number of variables, constants, and operations composing the model. After training, optimal model structures are further evaluated according to their ability to generalize to held‐out test data and clustered based on their performance, complexity, and generalization properties. Finally, we diagnose the causes of good and bad generalization by performing sensitivity analysis across model inputs and within model clusters. This study serves as a template to inform and automate the problem‐dependent task of constructing robust data‐driven model structures to describe human behavior in water resources systems.
Flexible modeling and control of capacitive-deionization processes through a linear-state-space dynamic Langmuir model
Authors: Nordstrand Johan , Dutta Joydeep
Published: January 2021

While black-box models such as neural networks have been powerful in many applications, direct physical modeling (white box) remains crucial in many fields where experimental data are difficult or time-consuming to obtain. Here, we demonstrate with an example from desalination by capacitive deionization (CDI), how an existing physical model could be strengthened by combining a general modeling framework with physical insights (gray box). Thus, a dynamic Langmuir (DL) model is extended to a linear-state-space DL model (LDL). Results obtained show the new LDL model could incorporate general structural and operational modes, including membrane CDI and constant-current operation. The formulation removes the need for direct measurements of detailed device properties without adding model complexity, and MATLAB code for automatically implementing the model is provided in the Supplementary Information. We conclude the new LDL model is widely applicable, offering great flexibility in calibration data, and enabling prediction over general operating modes.
Isoscattering strings of concatenating graphs and networks
Authors: Ławniczak Michał , Sawicki Adam , Białous Małgorzata , Sirko Leszek
Published: January 2021

We identify and investigate isoscattering strings of concatenating quantum graphs possessing n units and 2n infinite external leads. We give an insight into the principles of designing large graphs and networks for which the isoscattering properties are preserved for $$n \rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

. The theoretical predictions are confirmed experimentally using $$n=2$$

n
=
2

units, four-leads microwave networks. In an experimental and mathematical approach our work goes beyond prior results by demonstrating that using a trace function one can address the unsettled until now problem of whether scattering properties of open complex graphs and networks with many external leads are uniquely connected to their shapes. The application of the trace function reduces the number of required entries to the $$2n \times 2n $$

2
n
×
2
n

scattering matrices $${\hat{S}}$$

S
^

of the systems to 2n diagonal elements, while the old measures of isoscattering require all $$(2n)^2$$

(
2
n
)

2

entries. The studied problem generalizes a famous question of Mark Kac “Can one hear the shape of a drum?”, originally posed in the case of isospectral dissipationless systems, to the case of infinite strings of open graphs and networks.
Roles of the semisolid heating on the microstructure of a hypereutectic Al–Fe–Cu alloy
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Bo
Published: January 2021

A hypereutectic Al–Fe–Cu alloy with a high-volume fraction ferro-aluminum second phase (AlFe phases for short) was reheated in the solid–liquid region and the microstructure evolution was investigated. During semisolid heating, the high-melting AlFe phases in the Al–Fe–Cu alloy were demonstrated to stunt the grain growth and to block the liquid coalescing and the solid moving. Consequently, the grain sizes in the alloy increased rapidly and then slowly with increasing holding time, and the grains increased gradually with increasing temperature. Smaller grain grew into the large grain but it did not continually grow into the larger grain with increasing temperature or holding time. The shape factor (SF) of the alloy increased gradually and then decreased quickly with increasing temperature or holding time. The major alloying elements in addition to magnesium in the hypereutectic Al–Fe–Cu alloy were finally enriched at the grain boundaries or around the AlFe phases. Besides dissolving in the grains or AlFe phases, copper also diffused between the grains or around AlFe phases, resulting in the formation of diverse Cu-enriched zones. Cu constituents in the inter-grains are outnumbered in the intra-grains. The coarsening kinetics of the alloy was controlled by grain boundary diffusion. The coarsening rate constants K in the initial stage of heating (5–20 min) were several times larger than that in the later stage of heating (20–60 min), indicating the blocking effect of AlFe phases on coarsened grain being obvious.
Advances in automatic identification of flying insects using optical sensors and machine learning
Authors: Kirkeby Carsten , Rydhmer Klas , Cook Samantha M. , Strand Alfred , Torrance Martin T. , Swain Jennifer L. , Prangsma Jord , Johnen Andreas , Jensen Mikkel , Brydegaard Mikkel , Græsbøll Kaare
Published: January 2021

Worldwide, farmers use insecticides to prevent crop damage caused by insect pests, while they also rely on insect pollinators to enhance crop yield and other insect as natural enemies of pests. In order to target pesticides to pests only, farmers must know exactly where and when pests and beneficial insects are present in the field. A promising solution to this problem could be optical sensors combined with machine learning. We obtained around 10,000 records of flying insects found in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) crops, using an optical remote sensor and evaluated three different classification methods for the obtained signals, reaching over 80% accuracy. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify insects in flight, making it possible to optimize the application of insecticides in space and time. This will enable a technological leap in precision agriculture, where focus on prudent and environmentally-sensitive use of pesticides is a top priority.
Oxidation-induced thermopower inversion in nanocrystalline SnSe thin film
Authors: Shimizu Sunao , Miwa Kazumoto , Kobayashi Takeshi , Tazawa Yujiro , Ono Shimpei
Published: January 2021

Given the growing demand for environmentally friendly energy sources, thermoelectric energy conversion has attracted increased interest as a promising CO2-free technology. SnSe single crystals have attracted attention as a next generation thermoelectric material due to outstanding thermoelectric properties arising from ultralow thermal conductivity. For practical applications, on the other hand, polycrystalline SnSe should be also focused because the production cost and the flexibility for applications are important factors, which requires the systematic investigation of the stability of thermoelectric performance under a pseudo operating environment. Here, we report that the physical properties of SnSe crystals with nano to submicron scale are drastically modified by atmospheric annealing. We measured the Seebeck effect while changing the annealing time and found that the large positive thermopower, + 757 μV K−1, was completely suppressed by annealing for only a few minutes and was eventually inverted to be the large negative value, − 427 μV K−1. This result would further accelerate intensive studies on SnSe nanostructures, especially focusing on the realistic device structures and sealing technologies for energy harvesting applications.
MuSA: a graphical user interface for multi-OMICs data integration in radiogenomic studies
Authors: Zanfardino Mario , Castaldo Rossana , Pane Katia , Affinito Ornella , Aiello Marco , Salvatore Marco , Franzese Monica
Published: January 2021

Analysis of large-scale omics data along with biomedical images has gaining a huge interest in predicting phenotypic conditions towards personalized medicine. Multiple layers of investigations such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, have led to high dimensionality and heterogeneity of data. Multi-omics data integration can provide meaningful contribution to early diagnosis and an accurate estimate of prognosis and treatment in cancer. Some multi-layer data structures have been developed to integrate multi-omics biological information, but none of these has been developed and evaluated to include radiomic data. We proposed to use MultiAssayExperiment (MAE) as an integrated data structure to combine multi-omics data facilitating the exploration of heterogeneous data. We improved the usability of the MAE, developing a Multi-omics Statistical Approaches (MuSA) tool that uses a Shiny graphical user interface, able to simplify the management and the analysis of radiogenomic datasets. The capabilities of MuSA were shown using public breast cancer datasets from TCGA-TCIA databases. MuSA architecture is modular and can be divided in Pre-processing and Downstream analysis. The pre-processing section allows data filtering and normalization. The downstream analysis section contains modules for data science such as correlation, clustering (i.e., heatmap) and feature selection methods. The results are dynamically shown in MuSA. MuSA tool provides an easy-to-use way to create, manage and analyze radiogenomic data. The application is specifically designed to guide no-programmer researchers through different computational steps. Integration analysis is implemented in a modular structure, making MuSA an easily expansible open-source software.
CD79a promotes CNS-infiltration and leukemia engraftment in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lenk Lennart , Carlet Michela , Vogiatzi Fotini , Spory Lea , Winterberg Dorothee , Cousins Antony , Vossen-Gajcy Michaela , Ibruli Olta , Vokuhl Christian , Cario Gunnar , El Ayoubi Omar , Kramer Lisa , Ritgen Matthias , Brüggemann Monika , Häsler Robert , Schrappe Martin , Fuhrmann Stephan , Halsey Christina , Jeremias Irmela , Hobeika Elias , Jumaa Hassan , Alsadeq Ameera , Schewe Denis M.
Published: January 2021

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement remains a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, we identify CD79a (also known as Igα), a signaling component of the preB cell receptor (preBCR), to be associated with CNS-infiltration and –relapse in B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL patients. Furthermore, we show that downregulation of CD79a hampers the engraftment of leukemia cells in different murine xenograft models, particularly in the CNS.
Back donation, intramolecular electron transfer and N–O bond scission targeting nitrogen oxyanion reduction: how can a metal complex assist?
Authors: Beagan Daniel M. , Cabelof Alyssa C. , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: January 2021

A density functional theory exploration studies a range of ancillary coordinated ligands accompanying nitrogen oxyanions with the goal of promoting back donation towards varied nitrogen oxidation states.
The moisture-responsive structural transformation of manganochlorine for water-soluble luminescent switching ink
Authors: Lin Yang-Peng , Rao Lin-Cong , Zhao Ming-Jun , Huang Xiao-Ying , Du Ke-Zhao
Published: January 2021

We used a distinctive crystal growth procedure to synthesize high-quality CsMnCl3(H2O)2, which exhibits a moisture-responsive structural transformation. Correspondingly, the title compound could be applied as a water-soluble luminescent switch ink.
The cooperative effect of the sorption of volatile molecules into metal–oxide frameworks as a function of the dielectric constant
Authors: Grzhegorzhevskii Kirill , Adamova Lidia , Ostroushko Alexander
Published: January 2021

Iso-polyoxomolybdates as molecular separation units: The formation of quasi-liquid layer as driven factor to govern the sorption of volatile molecules through the dielectric constant into the giant POMs.
The impact of lipid head-groups in GUVs on electron transfer by surface-adsorbed fluorescent gold nanoclusters
Authors: Chatterjee Arunavo , Purkayastha Pradipta
Published: January 2021

The ligand-to-metal charge transfer in gold nanoclusters gets influenced by the interacting lipid that regulates photoinduced electron transfer in the aqueous medium.
Antibiotic administration in targeted nanoparticles protects the faecal microbiota of mice
Authors: Borsa Baris A. , Sudagidan Mert , Aldag Mehmet E. , Baris Isik I. , Acar Elif E. , Acuner Cagatay , Kavruk Murat , Ozalp Veli C.
Published: January 2021

Teicoplanin doped and aptamer-gate functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles targeted Staphylococcus aureus and reduced the infection load successfully. However, microbiota communities were undisturbed while free teicoplanin caused dysbiosis.
Emerging field of few-layered intercalated 2D materials
Authors: Cao Qing , Grote Fabian , Huβmann Marleen , Eigler Siegfried
Published: January 2021

The chemistry and physics of intercalated layered 2D materials (2DMs) are the focus of this review article.
Correction: The inactivation mechanism of chemical disinfection against SARS-CoV-2: from MD and DFT perspectives
Authors: Tan Chunjian , Gao Chenshan , Zhou Quan , Van Driel Willem , Ye Huaiyu , Zhang Guoqi
Published: January 2021

Correction for ‘The inactivation mechanism of chemical disinfection against SARS-CoV-2: from MD and DFT perspectives’ by Chunjian Tan et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 40480–40488, DOI: 10.1039/D0RA06730J.
Waste to wealth: spent catalyst as an efficient and stable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for zinc–air batteries
Authors: Sathiskumar Chinnusamy , Meesala Lavanya , Kumar Pramod , Rao B. Ramachandra , John Neena S. , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna
Published: January 2021

The spent catalysts obtained from catalytic decomposition of methane are often considered as waste and typically subjected to energy intensive processes such as high-temperature combustion for recycling or chemical treatment for metal reclamation.
Methods of optimization of motor transportation processes
Authors: Terentyev Alexey , Evtyukov Sergey , Karelina Maria
Published: January 2021

A scientific approach to the methods of technical support, economic and organizational management, planning and control of the operation of cars often dictates the need to make a decision, not one at a time, but several efficiency measures. The article outlines the approach to the solution of multicriteria transportation problems based on the methods of regionalization according to the principle of observing the hierarchical correlation of probabilities of possible states of the external environment.
Optimization of the system of management of stores of the car service with the help of imitation simulation
Authors: Bugrimov Vitaliy , Sarbaev Vladimir
Published: January 2021

The purpose of simulation is described, the theoretical foundations of the simulation model of inventory management at the service station with its scheme are given. The criterial function of delays, which is the main one in the management of stocks at the service station, is given, the analysis of the influence of the controlled parameters of the model on the criterial function is carried out. The algorithm of search optimization with integration into the simulation model is resulted and optimal parameters of the stock level
The Analytical Approaches and Principles Used for the Purchases of Light Weight and Passenger Vehicles in a Saturated Market
Authors: Solntsev Aleksey , Zenchenko Valeriy , Guliy Vitaly , Francis Oyifien Ozaka , Bezymyannyy Viacheslav , Silyanov Valentin
Published: January 2021

This paper addresses the analytical questions surrounding the index of customers satisfaction level, and their differentiation into unit clusters in the light weight and passenger vehicles market.
Entropic estimation of orderliness of transport service of large Russian city in 2020
Authors: Petrov Artur
Published: January 2021

This article presents approaches to estimate orderliness of transport service of large city by means of city passenger public transport (CPPT). An article considers entropic analysis method as main analytical instrument of orderliness of transportation process. Author presents cause-and-effect chain of formation of results of transportation process by CPPT and process of informational transformation during transportation. An article gives an example of calculation of relative entropy of transportation process by CPPT in Tyumen during March-September 2020. Additional attention was paid to changes of orderliness of transport service during the acute phase of pandemic COVID-19 (April-June 2020). It was established that relative entropy of transportation process decreased during acute phase of pandemic COVID-19 in comparison to periods of sustainable functioning of CPPT system. Respectively orderliness of transportation process increased at the same time. This fact can be explained by structural changes of volume of transported passengers (total volume of traffic – volume of transportation of preferential passengers – volume of transportation of senior citizens). By the results of research author made conclusions and gave recommendations on possible increasing of orderliness of CPPT transportation process.
Routes’ Safety Evaluation Application Development
Authors: Shubenkova Ksenia , Mavrin Vadim , Sadygova Gulnaz , Buyvol Polina
Published: January 2021

Pedestrians and cyclists are the most vulnerable road users. One of the ways to increase their safety is the safest route selection. Nowadays, there are a lot of navigation systems and route planners. However, these routes are not assessed from the viewpoint of their safety. The article describes one of the possible system alternatives to assess the safety of route for different types of road users. The developed system is based on the multifactorial analysis of information. Correction factors allow considering special features of each type of road users. The developed algorithm is implemented as an application.
Correction of Special Vehicle Fuel Allowance in Operation Practices
Authors: Lobov Nikolay , Genson Evgeniy , Malcev Dmitriy , Repeckiy Dmitriy
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the description of the correction method of special vehicle fuel allowance, doing the collection and transporting solid municipal wastes. The developed mathematical model is presented, and allows to predict fuel consumption of the special vehicles in operation practices. Its efficacy was proved. Software implementation was offered in vehicle companies for practice using of the correction method of fuel allowance.
Intermodal Transportation Using Inland Water Transport in Russia and Abroad
Authors: Miloslavskaya Svetlana , Myskina Anna
Published: January 2021

Advantages of specific modes of transport can be best taken by employing various technologies of combined transport. In the up-to-date logistic schemes based on the “just-in-time” and “just-in-sequence” concepts, it is most appropriate to use railway service and inland water connection as the most environmentally friendly and effective modes designed and built for medium- and long-distance freight transportation. The development strategy of the Russian Federation’s inland water transport for the period until 2030 is aimed at providing conditions under which to improve the sustainability of domestic transport system with due regard to shifting the balance between transport modes by switching some portion of cargo traffic from overland modes of transport to inland water transport.
Risk management using information technologies of the Russian railways holding
Authors: Kurenkov Petr , Efimova Olga , Kapustina Nadezhda , Kakhrimanova Diana , Safronova Anastasia
Published: January 2021

The increased competition between modes of transport, the growing uncertainty of the business environment, the diversity of goals of the business units of the holding “Russian Railways” and the participants of the transport market inevitably increase the level of risks that can threaten the efficient development of the company. The development of information technologies is the base of risk management and higher competitiveness. The growth in uncertainty and speed of changes in the business environment leads to the necessity of implementation of digital technologies for risk management, influencing the add value of transportation-logistic services.
A case of large adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in the posterior region of the mandible showing root resorption
Authors: Fujita Atsushi , Ueyama Yoshiya , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Kawamata Hitoshi
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare tumor of epithelial origin, and usually presents as a unilocular radiolucency in the maxillary anterior region in adolescent females. Observation: A 31-year-old Japanese male, having a large adenomatoid odontogenic tumor from the right molar region to the left anterior region of the mandible showing root resorption of the neighboring teeth, was presented to the hospital. The lesion was totally resected under general anesthesia. Commentary: AOT may cause displacement of the neighboring teeth. But root resorption is a very rare finding. AOTs are relatively small in size. Conclusion: The patient was under follow-up and had not shown any signs of recurrence 12 months after surgery.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blockade Corrects Monocyte/Macrophage Imbalance in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zhao Yajing , Xu Pengcheng , Guo Li , Wang Haoyi , Min Yanan , Feng Qi , Hou Yu , Sun Tao , Li Guosheng , Ji Xuebin , Qiu Jihua , Peng Jun , Liu Xinguang , Hou Ming
Published: January 2021

Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune bleeding disorder. Monocytes and macrophages are the major cells involved in autoantibody-mediated platelet clearance in ITP. In the present study, we found increased percentages of peripheral blood proinflammatory CD16+ monocytes and elevated frequencies of splenic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-expressing macrophages in ITP patients compared with healthy controls. Concurrently, we observed elevated TNF-α secretion in plasma as well as higher TNF-α mRNA expression in total peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD14+ monocytes of ITP patients. Of note, in vitro TNF-α blockade with neutralizing antibody remarkably reduced polarization to M1 macrophages by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Moreover, TNF-α blockade dampened macrophage phagocytosis and T cell stimulatory capacity. Finally, in passive and active murine models of ITP, anti-TNF-α therapy reduced the number of nonclassical monocytes and M1 macrophages, ameliorated the retention of platelets in spleen and liver, and increased the platelet count of ITP mice. Taken together, TNF-α blockade decreased the number and function of proinflammatory subsets of monocytes and macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to remarkable attenuation of antibody-mediated platelet destruction. Thus, TNF-α blockade may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of ITP.
Charge Carrier and Mobile ion Dynamic Processes in Perovskite Solar Cells: Progress and Prospect
Authors: Wen Xiaoming , Chen Weijian , Jia Baohua
Published: January 2021

Perovskite solar cells have achieved emerging conversion efficiency exceeding 25% in less than one decade, comparable to the record efficiency of silicon solar cells. Therefore perovskites attract considerable research interest as excellent materials of light-harvesting due to their great potential for the next generation of high-efficiency low-cost photovoltaics, in particular flexible solar cells that fill the gap of silicon photovoltaics. The excellent performance of photovoltaics is generally ascribed to the unique optoelectronic properties, which also make perovskites excellent candidates for other photonics applications. Charge carrier dynamics are significantly relevant to the conversion efficiency of a solar cell, and therefore the charge carrier dynamics have been intensively investigated in recent years by various time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Different from the conventional semiconductors, perovskites are mixed ionic–electronic conductors, and mobile ions play important roles in the performance of the photovoltaics. The interaction between mobile ions and charge carriers exhibit a significant impact on the carrier dynamics and eventually on the conversion efficiency and stability of performance. This chapter reviews the progress of the investigation of charge carriers in perovskite photovoltaics. In the femtosecond timescale, a significantly slowed cooling of hot carriers is confirmed, which is promising to hot carrier solar cells and probably high-efficiency photocatalysis in the future. Charge carrier recombination has been intensively investigated. Defect trapping, charge carrier transport and transfer, and carrier recombination in the interface are closely relevant to the conversion efficiency and stability. Mobile ions are confirmed to play an important role in the carrier dynamics in the macroscopic timescale. I-V hysteresis and stability of the performance are usually considered to correlate to the mobile ions. In the final section, we discuss the problems that require urgent attention in perovskite solar cells for performance improvement and commercialization.
Charge Recombination in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wilken Sebastian
Published: January 2021

The recombination of photogenerated charge carriers is the most important loss mechanism in organic solar cells. This chapter first gives an overview of the different recombination channels. The most important loss processes in state-of-the-art devices are then examined in more detail: geminate recombination of charge transfer pairs, as well as non-geminate recombination of free electrons and holes in the bulk and at the contacts. The basic principles will be exemplified with case studies on organic solar cells based on both traditional fullerene and recent non-fullerene acceptors.
Device Physics in Organic Solar Cells and Drift-Diffusion Simulations
Authors: Firdaus Yuliar , Anthopoulos Thomas D.
Published: January 2021

Organic solar cell (OSC) devices have recently exceeded power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17% in single-junction cells (Lin et al., 2019, 2020; Cui et al., 2020; and Liu et al., 2020a, 2020b) and a tandem device using nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) (Meng et al., 2018). The device performances are still below the predicted efficiency limit of 20% and 25% for single-junction and tandem cells, respectively (Firdaus et al., 2019). Improving OSC device performance further requires a detailed understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms and processes that make the device work, as well as those that lead to performance losses so that materials and device architectures can be further improved. Modeling can fulfill several tasks which range from theoretical discussions of physical mechanisms to the assistance in the interpretation of experiments. Unfolding the physics of these devices to create predictive physical models has been a challenging task due to the complexity of the employed materials and the device physics mechanisms.
Systematic analysis of differential rhythmic liver gene expression mediated by the circadian clock and feeding rhythms
Authors: Weger Benjamin D. , Gobet Cédric , David Fabrice P. A. , Atger Florian , Martin Eva , Phillips Nicholas E. , Charpagne Aline , Weger Meltem , Naef Felix , Gachon Frédéric
Published: January 2021

Significance

The rotation of the Earth around its own axis creates daily changes in the environment for virtually all living organisms. To anticipate and adapt to those changes, mammals possess an evolutionarily conserved circadian clock that controls most aspects of physiology. Using a previously undescribed analysis tool, we studied the impact of the circadian clock and its underlying feeding rhythms on hepatic gene expression. Our analysis shows that the loss of feeding rhythms in clock-disrupted animals is an important component of their phenotype. Finally, we were able to decipher the specific role of feeding rhythms, the circadian clock, and its controlled output of PARbZip transcription factors in the regulation of liver rhythmic gene expression.
Erratum: A Thin-foil Proton Recoil spectrometer for DT neutrons using
annular silicon detectors
Authors: B. Marcinkevicius  , E. Andersson Sundén  , S. Conroy  , G. Ericsson  , A. Hjalmarsson
Published: January 2021

Please see the PDF file for details.
Transcriptome-targeted analysis of human peripheral blood-derived macrophages when cultured on biomaterial meshes
Authors: Mora-Navarro Camilo , Ozpinar Emily W , Sze Daphne , Martin David P , Freytes Donald O
Published: January 2021

Surgical meshes are commonly used to repair defects and support soft tissues. Macrophages (Mφs) are critical cells in the wound healing process and are involved in the host response upon foreign biomaterials. There are various commercially available permanent and absorbable meshes used by surgeons for surgical interventions. Polypropylene (PP) meshes represent a permanent biomaterial that can elicit both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses. In contrast, poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) based meshes are absorbable and linked to positive clinical outcomes but have a poorly characterized immune response. This study evaluated the in vitro targeted transcriptomic response of human Mφs seeded for 48 h on PP and P4HB surgical meshes. The in vitro measured response from human Mφs cultured on P4HB exhibited inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression profiles typically associated with wound healing, which aligns with in vivo animal studies from literature. The work herein provides in vitro evidence for the early transcriptomic targeted signature of human Mφs upon two commonly used surgical meshes. The findings suggest a transition from an inflammatory to a non-inflammatory phenotype by P4HB as well as an upregulation of genes annotated under the pathogen response pathway.
Scalar fields in 3D asymptotically flat higher-spin gravity
Authors: Ammon Martin , Pannier Michel , Riegler Max
Published: January 2021

In this work we construct a novel associative algebra and use it to define a theory of higher-spin gravity in (2 + 1)-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes. Our construction is based on a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra of

i
s
l

(

2
,
R

)

with respect to the ideal generated by its Casimir elements, the mass squared

M

2

and the three-dimensional analogue of the square of the Pauli–Lubanski vector

S

and propose to call the resulting associative algebra

i
h
s

(

M

2

,
S

)

. We provide a definition of its generators and even though we are not yet able to provide the complete set of multiplication rules of this algebra our analysis allows us to study many interesting and relevant sub-structures of

i
h
s

(

M

2

,
S

)

. We then show how to consistently couple a scalar field to an

i
h
s

(

M

2

,
S

)

higher-spin gauge theory.
The impact of socio-economic factors on the Arctic sea ice cover
Authors: Krasulina O Y , Rossokhin V V , Bobodzhanova L K , Safonova A S
Published: January 2021

The Arctic sea ice is an essential element of the Earth’s climate system. It regulates the regional balance of heat and fresh water, the subsequent circulation of the atmosphere and the ocean in the Arctic zone as well as in lower latitudes. The given article demonstrates how socio-economic factors affect the volume of the Arctic sea ice. It also provides the detailed analysis: the climate change assessment in the Arctic zone is presented and the role of various factors intensifying climate changes in the Arctic zone are considered. With the economic growth of the country, the consumption of the population increases and this fact affects the environment; as a result, industrial growth contributes to the increasing of the emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. Climate change is not a fiction and it is obvious that anthropogenic emissions have increased. The authors of the article associate the ecosystems of the Arctic zone with economic systems. The measures aimed at the development of the economy and the environment of the region are proposed. Applying new technologies Industry 4.0 will allow the economy to grow exponentially.
Russian Academy of sciences and Arctic exploration in the early twentieth century: from the history of the First Polar expedition
Authors: Ptul’ko G , Miheeva N
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the First Polar expedition of the beginning of the twentieth century under the auspices of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. The article contains some information about the financing of the expedition. It is noted that the President of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov, played an important role in the organization. The authors have considered this topic on the basis of archival materials stored at the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Academy of Sciences. It is concluded that the scientific-practical results of the First Russian Polar Expedition were high. The expedition laid the foundation for a comprehensive study of the Arctic seas and land.
Technique for modelling flooding zones of coastal areas in the cascade of hydroelectric power stations on the Angara river
Authors: Gachenko A S , Hmelnov A E
Published: January 2021

This article presents the method for modelling underwater three-dimensional topography and it’s combining with terrain under conditions of incomplete source data. The technique for constructing 3D elevation model was tested within the research projects conducted in Matrosov Institute for System Dynamics and Control Theory Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with colleagues from other research institutes of Irkutsk Scientific Center under the comprehensive studies of Lake Baikal, the Angara River and the Bratsk Reservoir. We present an algorithm for combining underwater topography with terrain based on heterogeneous source data using the Delaunay triangulation. The combining yields a high-quality 3D elevation model. This model can be used to make forecasts of the changes in the coastlines of reservoirs, which are associated with water discharges from hydroelectric power stations. The described technique was used to solve some practical problems and showed its effectiveness. To combine the data on the terrain and underwater topography, we developed a special software using the Delaunay triangulation algorithms. For data layers, their roles were indicated during the triangulation. Layers contained the information about terrain, watermarks, contours of the coastline, and underwater topography. For underwater topography, we used the information about the marks of the water edge. Based on these data, we built an additional triangulation, from which we subsequently obtained the information about heights because contours of coastlines are confined to heights, and depths are measured relative to heights. As a result of this study, we processed some settlements and estimated possible flooding.
Transformation and ecological stability of soils of phosphoritic landscape-geochemical systems of depression of Lake Khuvsgul of the Baikal rift zone
Authors: Martynova N A
Published: January 2021

Sustainable development of the Baikal-Khuvsgul basin is not only of national, but also of great international importance. This status gives priority to preserving biodiversity and the natural-historical biosphere in general, and to the development of strategies for the rational utilization of natural resources and sustainable development of territories within the basin of the unique ecosystems of Lakes Baikal (Russia) and Khuvsgul (Mongolia). We carried out a comprehensive study of the morphogenetic and ecological features, ecological stability of soils and landscapes of the Khuvsgul phosphorite basin of the mountainous Khuvsgul region of the southwestern branch of the Baikal rift zone (BRZ). This analysis upgraded the existing knowledge of possible trends in the transformational growth and ecological balance of the soil cover of this territory both under the conditions of the natural development of geosystems and under the destabilizing anthropogenic and technogenic impact. Possible negative side effects of the development of phosphorite deposits on the unique in natural and cultural terms ecosystems of Lake Khuvsgul were predicted.