bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF INSECTS IN THE SPREAD OF CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS
Authors: McClanahan R. J. , Guyer G. E.
Published: March 2010

Entomological aspects of the epidemiology of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were studied in Michigan. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Aphis gossypii Glover were efficient vectors of CMV between various hosts in the laboratory. Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) transmitted CMV between cucumber and Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) T. & G. Myzocallis asclepiadis (Monell) was shown to be a new vector of CMV between Asclepias syriaca L. Neither Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) nor Acalymma vittata (Fabricius) transmitted the virus in limited trials.There was a small proportion of cucumber plants infected early in July, when alate M. persicae were present. In August the incidence of infection rose rapidly after a period of activity of alate A. gossypii. Alate aphids were trapped in yellow water pans situated in and around cucumbers. Seven known vectors of CMV were caught.
THE EFFECTS OF pH AND CALCIUM ON THE UPTAKE OF RADIOPHOSPHORUS BY FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: McEvoy E. T.
Published: March 2010

The uptake of radiophosphorus by flue-cured tobacco as a function of pH of the culture solution was determined at five different pH values from 4 to 8. When the plants were cultured in a complete nutrient solution containing 240 p.p.m. calcium, P32 uptake increased significantly from pH 4 to a maximum value at pH 5, then decreased with increasing pH to a minimum value of pH 8. At pH values above 5, precipitation occurred as phosphates of calcium, making phosphorus less available to the plant. A reduction in the concentration of calcium in the nutrient solution to 80 p.p.m. and 0, respectively, resulted in a decrease in the amount of phosphorus precipitated and an increase in the P32 uptake at pH 6 to 8. In calcium-free culture solutions, P32 uptake was inhibited by hydrogen ion in the acid region of the pH range and by hydroxyl ion in the alkaline region. Growth differences were not related to variation in P32 uptake.
EFFECT OF GRASSES ON HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM IN SOIL
Authors: Ledingham R. J. , Chinn S. H. F.
Published: March 2010

Relatively few spores of Helminthosporium sativum P.K. and B. were found on the crowns and roots and in the soil surrounding the crowns and roots of established stands of bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., and crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Isolations from crown and root tissue yielded few cultures of H. sativum. Wheat and barley grown in comparable locations had high rates of infection, and spores were produced in abundance. These grasses apparently do not serve as an important infection reservoir for H. sativum in crop rotation and they should be useful in eradicating the pathogen from the soil. Fusarium culmorum was rarely isolated from grasses, although other Fusarium spp. were common.
EXTRACTION OF ALFALFA LEAF CYTOPLASMIC PROTEIN WITH MODIFIED PIRIE DISINTEGRATOR
Authors: McArthur J. M. , Miltimore J. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
PROTEIN CONTENT OF WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY AGRONOMIC PRACTICES
Authors: Hill K. W.
Published: March 2010

Extensive field studies were made throughout the Prairie Provinces over a 4-year period on the effect of four agronomic practices on the protein content of hard red spring wheat. Wheat grown on fallow was usually higher in protein percentage than that grown on stubble. There was no striking difference in the protein content of wheat grown on "trash-cover" fallow and black fallow. Spraying with 2,4-D for weed control did not affect the protein percentage. The application of nitrogen either as fertilizer to the soil or as a urea spray to the plants at the flowering stage usually raised the protein content of the grain.
PROCEDURE FOR EVALUATING VARIETIES OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO FOR PERFORMANCE IN SOIL INFESTED WITH THE BLACK ROOT ROT FUNGUS
Authors: Povilaitis B. , Haslam R. J. , Robinson P.
Published: March 2010

Differential reaction of flue-cured tobacco varieties in soil infested with the black root rot organism Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk.) Ferr. was estimated by using data collected on the following characteristics: weight of roots, weight of aerial growth, height of growth, and rated amount of root lesions and aerial growth. The different measurements and scores produce different rankings and in order to set up a single ranking to express the relative performance of varieties, a discriminant function approach was adopted. The objective of this approach was to obtain a linear function which best discriminates among varieties. It is suggested that the discriminant function need be based on only the rated amount of aerial growth and root lesions.
THE EFFECTS OF POLYBUTENE EMULSIONS ON GREENHOUSE TOMATOES AND THE CONTROL OF LEAF MOLD
Authors: Fisher R. W. , Kerr E. A.
Published: March 2010

Polybutene emulsion sprays effectively controlled tomato leaf mold in the greenhouse. A spray of 0.25% H-35 emulsion applied weekly controlled mold effectively but significantly reduced the yield of tomatoes. Applications at 2-week intervals resulted in a moderate infection. The latter gave the greatest yield and a marketable yield only 3% less than the standard Manzate treatment. The emulsifier also reduced mold severity. Weekly applications of H-35 emulsion left an objectionable sticky residue on the fruit. Residues of lower viscosity polymers (L-100 and L-50), although less sticky, were still undesirable owing to their content of the viscous polymer H-100.
A GREENHOUSE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AND HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM INFECTION ON BRITTLENESS OF BARLEY AWNS
Authors: MacLaren R. B. , Sterling J. D. E.
Published: March 2010

High soil moisture and high relative humidity gave a higher incidence of brittle awns on barley than did restricted soil moisture and low relative humidity. Ash content of awns was highest when soil moisture and relative humidity were maintained at high levels. Helminthosporium sativum (P, K and B) infection reduced awn brittleness of one variety and had no effect on the others.No differences in cell structure of the awns were attributed to treatment.
EFFECTS OF SPRING PREPLANTING FUMIGATION IN STRAWBERRY SOIL IN NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: Morgan G. T.
Published: March 2010

D-D proved more effective than Dowfume W-85, Nemagon, or Vapam as a soil fumigant in preplanted spring treatment for control of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, for reduction of strawberry root rot, and for increasing the yield of strawberries. D-D also provided the largest yield increases when the same materials were compared in summer and fall treatments.
SOME EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON THE STORAGE LIFE OF FRESH STRAWBERRIES
Authors: Heeney H. B. , Rutherford W. M. , MacQueen K. F.
Published: March 2010

The effects of gamma radiation doses of 110,000, 220,000, and 330,000 rad on the storage life and quality of two varieties of strawberries stored at 40°, 55°, and 70° F were studied. Results indicated that a dose of 330,000 rad prevented fungal development of the Redcoat variety stored for 26 days at 40° F. The fungal-free period was sharply reduced at lower radiation doses or at higher storage temperatures. Under the conditions of this trial there was no apparent effect of radiation on appearance or texture of fruit.In organoleptic tests in the first two weeks of storage observers were not able to differentiate between radiation treatments. There was some preference for treated berries as the storage period increased. After 20 days the flavor of the fruit deteriorated very rapidly and it soon became commercially unacceptable.
THE COMPARATIVE SUITABILITY OF SOME GRASSES FOR TURF IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

Grasses were compared to estimate their relative suitability for turf under dry-land and watered conditions. Measurements included growth, ease of cutting, weediness, stand, survival, and density. The suitability of the grasses was ranked on the basis of the measurements taken. Those species most suited for watered turf (Kentucky bluegrass, Merion Kentucky bluegrass, creeping red fescue) did not survive under dry-land conditions, while those best suited for dry land (Russian wild ryegrass, streambank wheatgrass) were least acceptable for watered turf.
AN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING GRASS AND SOIL FROM TURF FOR COLLECTING WIREWORM LARVAE (COLEOPTERA:ELATERIDAE) IN ORGANIC SOILS
Authors: Lafrance J. , Tremblay R.
Published: March 2010

not available
CHANGES IN THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THE SEEDS OF THREE OIL-BEARING SPECIES DURING INCREASING SEED MATURITY
Authors: Sims R. P. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE COOKING QUALITY OF FIELD PEAS
Authors: Halstead R. L. , Gfeller F.
Published: March 2010

In a greenhouse study with two varieties of field peas, the cooking quality of the Weitor 702 (a good-cooking pea) was markedly influenced by P and K additions and by the initial fertility level of the soil. The cooking quality of the other variety, Kapuskasing, remained poor regardless of treatment or fertility level of the soil. Ash and total, inorganic, and phytin P content of the pea samples tended to increase with addition of P fertilizer. Correlation coefficients expressing the relationship between cooking quality and chemical constituents of the pea seeds indicated that cooking quality varied with ash and phytin P content.In field studies, soil properties (pH and available P) were not related to cooking quality or chemical properties of peas grown at different locations. Although cooking quality, phosphorus content, and cation content of the pea samples varied according to variety and location, there was no significant relationship between cooking quality and the chemical constituents.The cooking quality of F2and F3seed from a Weitor 702 × Kapuskasing cross varied, but was not related to the chemical properties of the peas.
VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN PHOSPHORUS LEVEL IN LEAVES OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: McEvoy E. T.
Published: March 2010

Six varieties of flue-cured tobacco were tested in the greenhouse in soil for differences in phosphorus level in the leaves, using radiophosphorus. Radioactivity measurement of leaf samples showed significant varietal differences in P32 activity in the leaves. The level of P32 per sq. cm of leaf tissue was higher in Delcrest, Hicks, and Virginia Gold than in White Gold, Jadel, and White Mammoth.
SELECTIVE CHEMICAL CONTROL OF COUCHGRASS AND BROMEGRASS IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS SOD
Authors: Corns Wm. G. , Born Wm. H. Vanden , Schraa R. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
DISTRIBUTION OF POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, AND SODIUM IN GRASSES AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY
Authors: Pritchard G. I. , Pigden W. J. , Folkins L. P.
Published: March 2010

Distribution of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in timothy and bromegrass cut at eight progressive dates was similar in both grasses. Highest concentrations were usually found in leaves, lowest at the base of stems, with levels in stems increasing toward the center or tips. With progressive maturity, K, Ca, and Mg content of stems decreased whereas in leaves and heads, K decreased, Ca increased, and Mg remained relatively constant. Sodium (Na) showed little change with progressive cutting dates but low concentrations of this element suggest an inadequate supply in the soil to permit deposition in the plant.In both grasses, ratios of K/Ca, K/Mg, K/(Mg+Ca), were large. These ratios stayed relatively constant in leaves throughout the season but decreased in heads and stems with progressive cuttings. The Ca/Mg ratio tended to be higher in stems than in heads.
FACTORS AFFECTING SEED PRODUCTION IN TRIFOLIUM MEDIUM
Authors: Robertson R. W. , Armstrong J. M.
Published: March 2010

Seed production studies in field nurseries revealed that the bumble bee is the most important pollinator of zigzag clover (Trifolium medium L.) and that seed-setting is directly correlated with the frequency of their visits. The long corolla tube of this clover precludes its pollination by the honey bee. Nectar secretion is approximately the same in amount and concentration as in red clover, the most important competing species for pollinators.T. medium has a high chromosome number (2n = 80) but meiosis is regular and a high percentage of good pollen is formed. Improved seed-producing strains were established by combining high-seed-producing plants in polycross nurseries. Seed yields are increased by cutting back the plants in late May. Seed yield appears to be genetically controlled.The species occurs in isolated areas in uncultivated pastures in Eastern Canada. All plants within each area examined are intersterile but cross readily with plants from other sources. This suggests that each area may have originated from a single seedling which spread by stolons.
PLACEMENT OF DI-ALLATE AND TRI-ALLATE FOR CONTROL OF WILD OATS IN WHEAT
Authors: Molberg E. S. , Friesen H. A. , McCurdy E. V. , Dryden R. D.
Published: March 2010

Two years of field trials at a number of sites in Western Canada showed that selective control of wild oats in wheat with di-allate or tri-allate was feasible if the seed was planted 3 in. deep and the chemicals incorporated shallowly after seeding. The most reliable and practical means of achieving this placement of the chemical was by harrowing immediately after application. Harrowing twice resulted in slightly better wild oat control than harrowing once, but this did not increase crop yields. At one site, in 1962, under conditions of excessive moisture and late seeding, there was severe injury to wheat. However, even here the injury was less with the post-seeding than with the pre-seeding method. There was some evidence that wheat was more tolerant to tri-allate than di-allate. Pre-seeding incorporation with the disk gave slightly better weed control than post-seeding incorporation with a double harrow, but again differences were not great enough to affect yield.
SELECTION OF RAPE PLANTS (BRASSICA NAPUS) WITH SEED OIL PRACTICALLY FREE FROM ERUCIC ACID
Authors: Stefansson B. R. , Hougen F. W.
Published: March 2010

Erucic acid is the major and characteristic component of common rapeseed oils. Seed oils from a total of 125 strains from three species of Brassica (B. napus L., B. campestris L., and B. juncea (L.) Coss.) grown near Winnipeg in 1959 were analysed for erucic acid content. The range of variability for this component was similar to the range of previously reported values. Analyses of seed oils from individual plants revealed a greater range of variability and repeated selection resulted in isolation of rape strains (Brassica napus L.) from two different sources with seed oils containing only traces of erucic acid. Oleic has replaced erucic acid as the major constituent of these oils. Analysis of F2 data indicated that inheritance of erucic acid content is conditioned by two independent gene loci and that the dosage effect of the genes is additive. Pollen source exerts a direct effect on the composition of the oil (xenia effect).
THE EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAXSEED OIL
Authors: Sosulski F. W. , Gore R. F.
Published: March 2010

not available
CEILING AND WALL BLINDS USED FOR MAINTAINING LOWER AIR AND SOIL TEMPERATURES IN GREENHOUSES
Authors: Read D. C.
Published: March 2010

not available
A PORTABLE LEAF AREA MEASURING INSTRUMENT
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Kloek Martin
Published: March 2010

not available
EXPERIMENTS ON CONTROL OF THE SIX-SPOTTED LEAFHOPPER, MACROSTELES FASCIFRONS, AND ASTER YELLOWS ON HEAD LETTUCE WITH CONTACT AND SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDES FN MANITOBA
Authors: Richardson H. P. , Westdal P. H.
Published: March 2010

Thimet®, Di-Syston®, Bayer 39007 (o-Isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate), American Cyanamid (AC) 43,064 (2-(diethoxyphosphinothioylimino)-1,3-dithiolane), AC 47,470 (2-(diethoxyphosphinylimino-4-methyl-1,3-dithiolane), and AC 47,031 (2-(diethoxyphosphinylimino)-1,3-dithiolane), in granular formulations (G), and malathion, Delnav®, Thiodan®, and Bayer 39007, in emulsifiable concentrate formulations (EC), were tested in field plots for control of the six-spotted leaf hopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål), and protection of head lettuce from aster yellows virus (AYV) in spring and summer crops in Manitoba in 1962 and 1963.In 1962, malathion, Thimet, and Bayer 39007 G significantly reduced the numbers of leafhoppers in both the spring and the summer crop. In 1963, the same chemicals with Bayer 39007 in both G and EC formulations significantly reduced the numbers of leafhoppers and partly protected the lettuce from AYV in the spring crops but not in the summer crop. The other insecticides tested were ineffective. The failure of all treatments to protect the summer crop against AYV was apparently due to a combination of a large population of leafhoppers with a high percentage of viruliferous leafhoppers.
EVAPORATION FROM ATMOMETERS AND PANS
Authors: Pelton W. L.
Published: March 2010

Daily measurements of evaporation from the porous disk and Bellani plate atmometers, the Class A evaporation pan, and the Experimental Farms buried tank were compared and related to daily measurements of temperature, radiation, wind, and vapor pressure. Simple correlation coefficients indicated highly significant relationships among evaporation measurements (dependent variables) and the meteorological factors (independent variables) with the exception of wind.Multiple regression analyses showed highly significant correlations between each of the evaporimeters and the four meteorological variables studied. A linear combination of the four independent variables accounted for 70 to 86% of the variation in evaporation from the four evaporimeters, but the standard errors of estimate were also large. These four meteorological variables were of about equal importance in their influence on evaporation on the Canadian Prairies. Advected energy played a more important role than it has in more humid climates.
THE EFFECTS OF FIVE HERBICIDES ON THE NUMBERS OF CERTAIN INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS IN GRASSLAND SOIL
Authors: Fox C. J. S.
Published: March 2010

Five herbicides, atrazine, dalapon, monuron, TCA, and 2,4-D, were applied once to grassland to evaluate their effects for at least two summers after application on the numbers of wireworms, Agriotes spp., springtails (Collembola suborder Arthropleona), mites (Acarina), earthworms (Lumbricidae), and millipedes (Diplopoda) in the soil. In plots treated with atrazine, wireworms, earthworms, and springtails declined in numbers. Dalapon increased the numbers of millipedes, springtails, and mites. Monuron reduced the numbers of wireworms, millipedes, earthworms, springtails, and mites. TCA increased the numbers of millipedes, springtails, and mites and decreased the number of earthworms. Treatment with 2,4-D did not affect the numbers of wireworms, springtails, or mites. The data suggest that faunal fluctuations were chiefly caused indirectly by the herbicides altering the floristic composition of the grassland.The results show that certain herbicides may diminish or increase the numbers of both beneficial and harmful soil animals. Under certain cultural conditions, herbicides as well as insecticides could fit into an integrated control program and help to counter the two threats of insect resistance to insecticides and excessive insecticide residues in soil.
DIRECT CORRELATION OF AIR-POLLUTING OZONE AND TOBACCO WEATHER FLECK
Authors: Macdowall F. D. H. , Mukammal E. I. , Cole A. F. W.
Published: March 2010

Influxes of polluted air and attacks of tobacco weather fleck in southwestern Ontario were accurately forecast from the synoptic weather pattern and from considerations of mesoscale meteorological systems. However, the principal air pollutant, ozone, occurred daily at low concentrations that were often not followed by corresponding amounts of damage. This difficulty was largely removed by modification of the dose term with the coefficient of evaporation. The latter may empirically represent physiological and physical factors affecting gas exchange. A related downward flux of ozone might be important in determining the amount of ozone available for absorption. The threshold doses of air-polluting ozone and experimentally generated ozone were approximately the same.
EFFECTS OF WEATHER FLUCTUATIONS ON THE SCHEDULING OF IRRIGATION
Authors: Wilcox J. C. , Korven H. C.
Published: March 2010

Irrigation was scheduled for four years in five orchards at Summerland, using evaporation from black bellani plates and the balance-sheet procedure. The time at which to start each irrigation was based on the moisture content of the soil in the first panel irrigated. It was found that the soil in the last panel to be irrigated in each cycle frequently became much drier than that in the first panel. This was attributed primarily to fluctuations in the weather, as measured by evaporation and rainfall. When there was an increasing rate of net evapotranspiration during an irrigation interval, the soil in the last panel to be irrigated became drier than that in the first panel. When there was a decreasing rate, the soil in the last panel remained wetter than that in the first panel. It is concluded that if excessive soil drying is to be avoided, each irrigation must be started early enough to take care of any change in weather that might occur during the forthcoming irrigation interval.
VERNALIZATION AND DAYS TO ANTHESIS OF WINTER WHEAT UNDER CONTROLLED TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT
Authors: Grant M. N.
Published: March 2010

Eight varieties of winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell., were sown in soil and held in a growth cabinet for vernalization treatments of 0 to 11 weeks at 10 °C and 8 hours photoperiod, and then grown to maturity at 21 °C under continuous light. Floral development was induced in all varieties. Treatments of 5 to 8 weeks resulted in earlier anthesis and higher seed yields than shorter or longer periods. The variety Comanche required only 77 days from seeding to anthesis, including 5 weeks of vernalization.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEVELS OF IRRIGATION ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA
Authors: Bezeau L. M. , Sonmor L. G.
Published: March 2010

Samples of Ladak alfalfa were obtained over a 3-year period from fertilized plots which were irrigated at three levels, namely when available moisture within the root zone had been depleted to 75, 50, and 25% levels. The 3-year means of the 50% level of minimum available moisture were superior to both the 75% and the 25% levels in all criteria studied. The 50% level produced 19.8% more protein per acre, 32.8% more digestible cellulose per acre and the "nutritive value index" was 4.3% higher than the 25% level. The 50% level also produced 4.8% more protein per acre, 8.3% more digestible cellulose per acre, and the nutritive value index was 4.1% higher than the 75% level of minimum available soil moisture.
THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON THE AGRONOMIC AND MALTING CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY
Authors: Sosulski F. W. , Bendelow V. M.
Published: March 2010

The average yields of six barley varieties grown under no, light and heavy irrigation were 33.2, 58.7, and 73.7 bu per acre, respectively. Light irrigation increased grain yields, plant height, lodging, and days to maturity. Heavy irrigation had its principal effect in increasing kernel size and malt extract, and in decreasing the saccharifying activity. The gram nitrogen content decreased with increasing soil moisture level.Husky outyielded the other varieties in the irrigated treatments but was low in soluble nitrogen and enzyme activity. Irrigation improved the malting properties of Parkland and Montcalm but their yield responses were not large. Betzes and Hannchen showed a greater relative increase in malt extract percentages due to irrigation and, because of their high grain yields, appeared to be useful alternatives to the feed barleys for the irrigated districts of Western Canada.
CONTROL OF ROOT DISEASE IN PEAS BY SEED TREATMENT IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Harper F. R.
Published: March 2010

The effectiveness of seven different fungicide treatments on peas (Pisum sativum L.) was determined on irrigated land in southern Alberta from 1961 to 1963. Emergence and yield were higher from treated than from untreated seed. Captan, Semesan, and Bayer 47531 were the most effective fungicides.The fungicides did not influence either the type or frequency of isolation of pathogens from roots at harvest. Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. were the fungi most frequently isolated from diseased roots. Pythium was isolated from seeds germinated for 3 days at 15 °C in moist, naturally infested soil, but no pathogens were isolated from seeds treated with captan. Although emergence from untreated seed of six varieties of peas differed with location and variety, emergence from the seed treated with 65% captan was uniformly high. Captan protected both sound and damaged seed from attack by pathogens.
EVALUATION OF COLD-HARDINESS BY CONTROLLED FREEZING OF FIELD-HARDENED FORAGE CROPS
Authors: Peake R. W.
Published: March 2010

Field-hardened grasses and legumes were evaluated for hardiness by subjecting the crowns to sub-zero temperatures while the roots were maintained at 20°F, which is near normal winter temperature 6 in. below soil surface. The plants were removed from the field in cores, and were trimmed to fit into food cartons 3 in. in diameter and 8 in. deep. A thermal box was designed to maintain the desired temperature of the root zone while the crowns were subjected to sub-zero temperatures.Highly significant correlations were obtained between survival after controlled freezing and survival after natural winter exposure in studies with 10 orchardgrass varieties, 15 alfalfa varieties, 16 grass species, and 43 lines of white clover.
INHERITANCE OF BUNT REACTION IN A REDMAN × S-615 WHEAT CROSS
Authors: McKenzie Hugh
Published: March 2010

Inheritance of reaction to race T-2 of Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. was studied in populations of F3 and B2 lines from the cross Redman × S-615 (Triticum aestivum L.) and the respective backcrosses. Redman and S-615 were found to differ by three genes for bunt reaction. Redman possesses a major gene recessive for resistance, and two minor genes. Each of the minor genes is capable of conditioning a moderate degree of resistance alone but together they are capable of conditioning high resistance as a result of geometric gene actionCorrelation coefficients show that bunt reaction to race T-2 is not associated with wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) reaction, total stem solidness, solidness in each internode, awn type, glume color, plant height, or heading date.
AN IN SITU TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED FOR STUDYING THE HARDENING PROCESS IN LEGUMES
Authors: Calder F. W. , Hayden R. , Fensom D. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
TIMERS TO CONTROL FIELD INSTRUMENTATION
Authors: Voisey Peter W. , Hansen H.
Published: March 2010

not available
FIELD EVALUATION AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ASCOCHYTA COMPLEX ON PEAS
Authors: Wallen V. R.
Published: March 2010

Mycosphaerella pinodes Berk, and Blox. Vestgrn. and Ascochyta pinodella Jones were found to cause serious yield losses in the field. Although a higher percentage of seeds became infected with Ascochyta pisi Lib. than with either of the fungi referred to above, yield losses were considerably less, This finding is important in setting disease tolerances for various grades of seed since in the past arbitrary scales for these three organisms have been set without any knowledge of the relative importance of seed infection to field epidemiology. Only races III and IV of A. pisi caused significant losses in yield. Cycloheximide (100 p.p.m.) applied as a spray in the field significantly reduced seed infection by A. pisi but also reduced seed germination. Phygon 50W and griseofulvin 50W did not reduce germination but reduced seed infection considerably although not completely. Granted, preliminary results suggested that certain chemicals gave a selective control of the races of A. pisi, but this phenomenon could not be further demonstrated because of secondary infection in the field.
ESTIMATING MOST PROBABLE PRAIRIE WHEAT PRODUCTION FROM PRECIPITATION DATA
Authors: Williams G. D. V. , Robertson Geo. W.
Published: March 2010

A method was developed for periodically assessing the quantitative effect of antecedent precipitation on prairie wheat production as the growing season advanced. The method took into account the conservation of rain and snow on summerfallow, variation due to major soil types, and the seasonal and areal distribution of precipitation. Regression coefficients were calculated using 10 or 11 years of yield data from eight groups of crop districts in the prairies. Coefficients of determination for calculated provincial yields at the ends of June and July were statistically significant. The standard error of estimate for prairie yields at the end of July was 1.5 bu/acre compared with the standard deviation of 4.7 for actual average yield.
ECOLOGY OF A FUNGUS-INDUCED HOT SPOT IN STORED GRAIN
Authors: Sinha R. N. , Wallace H. A. H.
Published: March 2010

The ecology of a fungus-induced hot spot was studied from 2975 samples collected from two 500-bu wheat bulks stored in a granary at Winnipeg, Man., during 1959–61. Heating was initiated in winter primarily by the activity of the low temperature fungi Penicillium cyclopium Thorn and P. funiculosum Thorn growing in a 4-month-old grain pocket at −5 to 8 °C and 18.5 to 21.8% water content. The hot spot reached a maximum of 64 °C, and cooled in 2 weeks. An ecological succession of species of microorganisms, which often overlapped, appeared in the following order: P. cyclopium, P. funiculosum, Aspergillus flavus Link, A. versicolor (Vuill.) Tiraboschi, Absidia spp., and Streptomyces spp. Periodic examination of grain samples from the hot spot, and the cool grain surrounding it during the 18 months after the decline of the hot spot, revealed that the microflora from a fungus-induced hot spot, once dead, does not affect the entire grain bulk.
THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL PARENT ON FROST-HARDINESS OF APPLE PROGENIES
Authors: Wilner J.
Published: March 2010

Progenies from reciprocal crosses between the hardy apple variety Antonovka, the less-hardy McIntosh, and the relatively tender Northern Spy were tested for frost-hardiness by the conductivity method over a 3-year period. Frost-hardiness of apple-tree tissues when measured by the conductivity method appeared to be regulated by hereditary factors. The hardiness of the progenies tended to reflect that of their parents, and was more favorably influenced by the hardiness of the maternal than the paternal parent.
REST PERIOD STUDIES ON SEEDS OF AMELANCHIER, PRUNUS, AND SORBUS
Authors: Hilton R. J. , Jaswal A. S. , Teskey B. J. E. , Barabas B.
Published: March 2010

Seed germinability based on chemical and embryo greening tests was used as a means for determining duration and cause of seed rest period in the species Amelanchier, Prunus, and Sorbus. Both procedures provided reliable means for quick estimation of viability. After-ripening at 2 °C was found to be superior to 6 and 10 °C temperatures for breaking seed rest in all species, as was 120-day after-ripening when compared with 30-, 60-, and 90-day periods. Scarification (a) by mechanical seed coat abrasion was harmful to germination; (b) with saturated NaOH solution for 20 minutes had no effect on germination; and (c) with concentrated H2SO4 for 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the species under test, was highly beneficial to germination. Chromatographic partition and bioassays of extracts from resting Amelanchier and Sorbus seeds revealed the presence of unidentified growth inhibitors and these are presumed to be primary reasons for prolonged seed rest.
STORAGE LIFE OF CHRYSANTHEMUM STOOL CUTTINGS AS INFLUENCED BY FUNGICIDAL TREATMENTS, STORAGE TEMPERATURES, AND STRIPPING
Authors: Lockhart C. L. , Swain G. S.
Published: March 2010

Chrysanthemum stool cuttings stored from November to May at 28°F to 34°F produced normal flowering plants when planted in the field. Rots seriously affected subsequent growth of stool cuttings stored at 37°F but not at 28°F to 34°F. When rots affected the growing tips only, weak lateral growth occurred on the stool cuttings. An Erad (phenyl mercury acetate) field spray before digging or Thylate as a dip or dust treatment after digging did not prevent mold or rot development in storage. Temperatures below 28°F injured stool cuttings.
EFFET DU PRÉFANAGE OU DES ADDITIFS SUR LA QUALITÉ D’UN ENSILAGE DE FLÉOLE RÉCOLTÉE À UN TAUX ÉLEVÉ D’HUMIDITÉ
Authors: Hidiroglou M. , Tessier J. L.
Published: March 2010

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SOURCES OF RESISTANCE IN BARLEY TO PYRENOPHORA TERES
Authors: Buchannon K. W. , McDonald W. C.
Published: March 2010

The reaction to infection by Pyrenophora teres Drechs., the incitant of net blotch of barley, was determined for 6,174 varieties in the U.S.D.A. World Barley Collection. Forty varieties, seventeen of them from Ethiopia, were resistant in the seedling stage to a highly pathogenic strain of the fungus prevalent in Western Canada and to composites of isolates from Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Ontario, North Dakota, California, and Mexico. They were also resistant in the field at three locations in Western Canada. Agronomic and malting quality characteristics for the resistant varieties were also recorded.
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFALFA TOLERANT TO BROWN ROOT ROT
Authors: Tsukamoto J. Y.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF INORGANIC NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS ON SELECTED SITES OF NATIVE GRASSLAND IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Smoliak S. , Hubbard W. A. , Johnston A. , Gross A. T. H. , McCurdy E. V.
Published: March 2010

N, P, and N + P at 60, 26, and 60 + 26 lb per acre were applied on native grass sites during three successive years at seven, locations in Western Canada. Single applications of the N fertilizer resulted in 3- or 4-year total yield increases of 300 to 600 lb per acre at six locations. At Summerland the 3-year increase was nearly 1400 lb. Phosphorus fertilizer by itself provided very little yield increase. N + P gave yield increases that were only slightly better than those from N alone.Residual responses to fertilizer were important, especially in the 12- to 16-in. rainfall locations. Only about one-third of the total yield increase occurred in the first year, with the remainder coming in the subsequent seasons.Weeds, where present, showed a marked response to fertilizer N in the first season; in subsequent years the response largely disappeared.
DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSE OF TWO VARIETIES OF CIGAR TOBACCO TO VARIATIONS IN PLANT POPULATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
Authors: White F. H.
Published: March 2010

The effect of spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on some agronomic, physical, and chemical characteristics of two varieties of cigar tobacco were compared over a 3-year period.At each of two nitrogen fertilizer levels, the variety Pennsylvania Broadleaf, irrespective of plant spacing, produced higher yields and returns per acre, more leaves per plant and weight per leaf, but a higher percentage of midrib and yellow trash leaf than the variety Resistant Havana 211. Although the differences between the varieties at each nitrogen level were relatively unaffected by plant spacing, the 20-in. spacing caused a decrease in yield, crop returns, and percentage of yellow leaf and an increase in weight per leaf and percentage of filler leaf from that obtained with the 16-in. spacing. An increase in nitrogen fertilizer from 24 to 60 lb per acre had little effect on Resistant Havana 211 other than to increase the weight per leaf. The additional nitrogen with Pennsylvania Broadleaf, however, increased the yield, crop returns, weight per leaf, and percentage of filler leaf. The variation in rate of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on grade index, number of leaves per plant, and percentages of nicotine, nornicotine, and total alkaloids in both varieties.The combination of 16-in. spacing with 60 lb of nitrogen was superior to other combinations of 16- or 20-in. spacing with 24 or 60 lb of nitrogen per acre for the production of cigar filler leaf in each of two varieties.
THE RELATION BETWEEN SEED NUMBER AND BERRY WEIGHT IN THE CRANBERRY
Authors: Hall I. V. , Aalders L. E.
Published: March 2010

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PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE OF HOST RESISTANCE TO THE PEACH TREE BORER, SANNINOIDEA EXITIOSA
Authors: Weaver G. M. , Boyce H. R.
Published: March 2010

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FECUNDITY OF THE BLACK VINE WEEVIL ON STRAWBERRY WITH NITROGEN SUPPLIED IN THE AMMONIUM OR NITRATE FORM
Authors: Cram W. T.
Published: March 2010

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THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF LEAF AND STEM PORTIONS OF FORAGES
Authors: Mowat D. N. , Fulkerson R. S. , Tossell W. E. , Winch J. E.
Published: March 2010

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (I.V.D.) of the immature stems of timothy, orchardgrass, and bromegrass was higher than that of the leaves. However the rate of decline of digestibility with advancing maturity was greater with stems. At head emergence the I.V.D. of the leaves of orchardgrass was similar to that of the stems. Wide differences existed, though, in the I.V.D. of leaf and stem fractions of orchardgrass at more advanced stages of growth. Digestibilities of the plant parts of both timothy and bromegrass were not greatly different at any growth stage.The digestibility of leaves of alfalfa decreased only slightly as the season progressed. However, the I.V.D. of the stems declined rapidly early in the season. Unlike the grasses, the stems of alfalfa never attained as high a digestibility as the leaves at the early growth stages.The crude protein content of both leaf and stem portions of the various grass species was similar.As the season progressed, orchardgrass had the highest leaf to stem ratio and bromegrass the lowest. Even within a species, leaf content was a rather poor indicator of digestibility.
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALFALFA FLOWERS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: Pankiw P. , Bolton J. L.
Published: March 2010

Several characteristics and properties of the alfalfa flower were studied to determine their role in seed setting and to provide a basis for the evaluation of mutant flowers for pollination by honeybees. Ease of tripping varied with plant and with age of floret. Nectar was secreted at a uniform daily rate for 4–5 days after the flowers opened. Nectar absorption was similar to secretion for 2 days but then accelerated. Removal of nectar had no effect on seed setting. Ovules were viable from opening to wilting of the flowers. Age of floret did not affect seed production after self-fertilization but, after cross-fertilization there was a gradual decline after 3 days. Pollen from untripped florets decreased slightly in germination with age, but remained viable after 10 days’ storage in a honeybee colony. Pollen-collecting honeybees effectively cleaned themselves of pollen in 2 days. Seed production was not increased by repeated visits of honeybees to tripped flowers, and cross-fertilization was not increased by dusting pollen on plants before tripping. Ovules of florets with exposed stigmas remained fully functional for up to 6 hours but then declined rapidly to llmost 0 at 48 hours. Foreign pollen was still 50% effective when applied 24 hours after self-pollination. Self- and cross-fertilized seeds were intermingled in the pods but self-fertilized seeds did not occur beyond the fourth position from the proximal end. It is suggested that extent of honeybee pollination may be improved by providing an alfalfa flower either with an exposed stigma or with a vestigial standard petal combined with delayed sell-tripping.
THE INFLUENCE OF ANTONOVKA FRAMEWORK ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE VARIETIES
Authors: White R. G. , Young L. C. , Collins W. B.
Published: March 2010

Nine apple varieties topworked to the winterhardy variety Antonovka made better trees than the same varieties grown on their own trunks. Initial growth seemed more rapid, tree conformation was superior, and cumulative yields were higher on the topworked trees. Tender varieties in both groups were either winterkilled or sustained considerable damage, but those on the Antonovka framework, if injured, generally made the best recovery.
COMPARISON OF GRO-LUX AND COOL-WHITE FLUORESCENT LAMPS WITH AND WITHOUT INCANDESCENT AS LIGHT SOURCES USED IN PLANT GROWTH ROOMS FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOMATO PLANTS
Authors: Helson V. A.
Published: March 2010

"Gro-lux" fluorescent lamps, a light source providing high energy in the blue and red regions of the spectrum, were designed and marketed by the Sylvania Company (4) especially for growing plants under artificial light. Their effectiveness for growing tomato plants was compared with that of cool-white fluorescent lamps, with and without adding 35% of the fluorescent wattage as incandescent light. On a percentage basis the dry weights of the stems and leaves after 5 weeks were, cool-white 100%, gro-lux 82, cool-white plus incandescent 131, and gro-lux plus incandescent 153. The addition of incandescent to gro-lux fluorescent as compared with gro-lux alone resulted in 44% increase in root dry weight, 73% increase in leaf area, and 80% increase in plant height. The increased growth obtained under either gro-lux or cool-white when incandescent is added is attributed to an increase in plant height caused by the addition of far-red energy, permitting more light to reach the lower leaves. Plants grown under gro-lux with incandescent had 34% more flowers, 20% more ripe fruit, and 32% heavier fruit than those grown under cool-white with incandescent.
A STUDY OF THE DEGREE OF CREEPING ROOTEDNESS IN RELATION TO BREEDING INTERMEDIATE WHEATGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

Twenty clonal lines of intermediate wheatgrass, Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beauv., were selected to represent the range in creep development to be found in a breeding nursery. Polycross progenies of these clonal lines were studied to determine the relationship of the degree of creeping rootedness of the 20 clones with the dry matter yield, basal ground cover, and winterkilling of their polycross progenies. This was done to determine the emphasis that should be placed on selecting for or against the creeping root character in a breeding program.No strong relationships between creep and the other characteristics were found on either dryland or irrigated land. However, there was some indication under irrigation that better initial stands were obtained with lines showing reduced creep and that these same lines were more subject to invasion by weeds in later years.It is apparent that the degree of creeping rootedness requires little consideration in breeding intermediate wheatgrass.
STALK ROT OF CORN IN RELATION TO PLANT POPULATION AND GRAIN YIELD
Authors: Mortimore C. G. , Wall R. E.
Published: March 2010

Increases in plant population of field corn resulted in increased stalk rot and barrenness, and decreased tillering and ear size. In the stalk rot susceptible single cross CH159 × CH3, stalk rot reached high levels at relatively low populations (10- and 15-thousand plants per acre) whereas resistant B14 × CH9 did not have stalk rot below populations of 20- and 25-thousand plants per acre. Stalk rot did not occur until after the plants had reached physiological maturity. Plants which developed stalk rot shortly after physiological maturity had lower grain yields than plants which developed stalk rot later in the autumn. Plants without stalk rot by the time of final harvest in late October or early November were found to have either well-developed ears with high grain weights or small, poorly pollinated ears. It was concluded that both stalk rot and reduction of grain yield are the end results of conditions which reduced plant productivity during growth.
ROOT-PROMOTING SUBSTANCES IN THE JUVENILE PHASE OF MALUS ROBUSTA 5
Authors: Quamme H. A. , Nelson S. H.
Published: March 2010

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GROWTH INHIBITION PRODUCED BY LEAF EXTRACTS FROM SIZE-CONTROLLING APPLE ROOTSTOCKS
Authors: Miller S. R.
Published: March 2010

Dilute alkali extracts of leaves from size-controlling rootstocks inhibited the growth of stratified apple seeds. Correlation coefficients of −0.9140** and −0.7292* exist between the vigor of the rootstocks and the respective growth of apple and wheat seedlings in the leaf extracts. The crude extract was chromatographed in isopropanol:ammonia:water (10:1:1). Two zones of growth inhibition were detected using a watercress bioassay. These zones were at 0 to 0.1 and 0.4 to 0.5 Rf units. The amount of growth made by the watercress was in the same ratio as the known vigor of the rootstocks M.II, M.VII, and M.IX. Measurement of the rate of indoleacetic acid oxidation showed that the material at an Rf 0.4 to 0.6 affected IAA breakdown. The more dwarfing rootstocks stimulated the oxidation of IAA. The significance of the results are discussed in relation to the dwarfing of apple rootstocks.
EFFECT OF SOURCE AND RATE OF N AND RATE OF K ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA AND ORCHARDGRASS
Authors: MacLeod L. B. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa and orchardgrass were grown in hydroponic culture in the greenhouse with nutrient solutions containing K at concentrations of 10, 50, and 250 p.p.m., N at 50 and 250 p.p.m. with 12% and 75% of the N supplied as NH4+ in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Alfalfa yields were higher with the 12% than with the 75% NH4+ source of N. At 50 p.p.m. N, orchardgrass yields were higher with the 75% NH4+ source but 12% NH4+ was better at 250 p.p.m. N. The severe reduction in yield which occurred at 10 and 50 p.p.m. K with the 75% NH4+ source (particularly with 250 p.p.m. N) was alleviated by the 250 p.p.m. rate of K. Yield was increased fivefold by increasing the K concentration from 10 to 250 p.p.m.The N and P content of the tissue, which was higher with the 75% NH4+ source of N, decreased with increasing rates of K. Percent of total protein, non-protein, and organic (reduced) N fractions in the tissue were higher with the 75% NH4+ source and only nitrate N was higher with the 12% NH4+ source. While an increasing K supply generally caused a decrease in the total protein, non-protein, and organic N fractions, the total yield of protein N from three forage cuts was highest with 250 p.p.m. K for both sources of N. High rates of N, unless accompanied by adequate potassium, caused an accumulation of soluble nitrogen which reached a high of 1.95 and 2.28% for alfalfa and orchardgrass respectively with the 250 p.p.m. N, 10 p.p.m. K treatment.
ATTEMPTED FRUIT BUD INITIATION ON VEGETATIVE SHOOTS OF McINTOSH APPLE
Authors: Hilton R. J. , Bhar D. S.
Published: March 2010

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AN ELECTRODE IMPLANT DEVICE FOR IN SITU MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE IN ALFALFA ROOTS
Authors: Calder F. W. , MacLeod L. B.
Published: March 2010

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SOME CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SOLONETZIC SOIL SEQUENCE AT VEGREVILLE, ALBERTA, WITH REGARD TO POSSIBLE AMELIORATION
Authors: Cairns R. R.
Published: March 2010

Study of some of the chemical characteristics of the Duagh-Wetaskiwin-Malmo Solonetzic soil sequence at Vegreville, Alberta, reveals that the deep ploughing method of amelioration holds more promise than methods based on the application of commonly suggested amendments, e.g. gypsum, sulphur.