bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiological and production performance of maize and soybean in crop-livestock-forest integration system under hydrogel rates and nitrogen and potassium topdressing
Authors: Chaves da Paixão Caroliny Fatima , Geraldo Ávila Roniel , Cabral da Silv Edson , Moreira Alves Estenio , Marques Vida Vitor , Silva dos Santos Leonardo Nazário , Batista Teixeira Marconi
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNP) supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), goblet cell (GC) count, stress hormones and oxidant/antioxidant balance of broilers exposed to cold stress. One day old broiler chickens (n=400) were allocated into five different groups and were raised under standard conditions until the 21st day. The five groups were designated as thermo-neutral (TN reared in 26°C), cold stress (CS raised under 13°C±2°C for 8 hours/day from d 22- d 35), CS5 (CS+ 5mg/kg diet CuNP), CS10 (CS+10mg/kg diet CuNP) and CS15 (CS+15mg/kg diet CuNP). On 35th day, 16 birds per group were selected randomly for blood collection and were then humanely sacrificed for tissue sample collection. CS group had a reduced (P<0.05) body weight (BW), villus surface area (VSA), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH: CD) but had a higher (P<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), goblet cell count, serum corticosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the TN group. Inclusion of CuNP in diet linearly increased (P<0.05) BW, VH, VW, CD, VSA and GC count in jejunum and ileum. Conversely, MDA and corticosterone hormone levels and FCR, decreased linearly (P<0.05) with CuNP supplementation. In conclusion, during cold stress conditions, CuNP is a valuable feed additive in broilers with positive effects on growth performance and intestinal morphology.
Determination of some trace and heavy elements, in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic and Phenethyl isothiocyanate content in Watercress from Turkey
Authors: Burçin Uyumlu Ayşe , Çağlar Yılmaz Hatice
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to define the content of total phenolic and phenylethyl isothiocyanate, the in vitro antioxidant activity, and the content of Trace and Heavy Elements of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Brassicaceae). It has ecological and economic importance and has been used by humans for many years both for food and medical purposes. Now it is reported to have a chemopreventive effect. In this study, Watercress samples were collected from Malatya, Turkey. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity and the content of total phenolic and phenylethyl isothiocyanate. To determine heavy metals and trace elements of watercress were used inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our results indicated that the extract of watercress has a high antioxidant capacity. This feature was related to phenolic compounds and phenylethyl isothiocyanate. Our analysis with ICP-MS has revealed that the watercress plant has high iron content and toxic heavy metals did not bioaccumulate in the watercress plant. So it is recommended to consume the watercress plant as food according to these results. However, toxicity studies should be carried out in living beings regarding plant intake
Optimization of flocculation and clotting time of camel milk with camel and goat rennets, and chicken pepsin in comparison with cow milk using response surface method (RSM)
Authors: Bouras Biya , Aïssaoui-Zitoun Ouarda
Published: November 2022

To solve the difficulty of coagulation of camel milk, three animal coagulating enzymes: Camel rennet, goat rennet, and chicken pepsin were used. The study was focused on the optimization of two milk coagulation key parameters: pH and temperature using the response surface methodology. The cow milk is used as reference. Characterization of the coagulating enzymes extract showed that the protein content is higher in chicken pepsin [20 ± 0.00 mg/ml] followed by camel and goat’s extracts [15.4 ± 0.00 mg/ml, 8.8 ± 0.00 mg/ml]. However, coagulating and specific activities were more important in camel rennet [111.12 ± 1.23 UP.ml-1, 7.21 ± 0.03 UP.mg-1] than in goat’s rennet and chicken pepsin. On the other hand, coagulant strength was for camel rennet 1/4166.67 SU, goat rennet 1/2531.64 SU, and chicken pepsin 1/6153.85 SU. Moreover, results of pH and temperature optimization of camel milk flocculation showed the following pairs: [X1 = 5.35, X2 = 42] for camel rennet, [X1 = 5.48, X2 = 30] for goat rennet and [X1 = 5.49, X2 = 39.45] for chicken pepsin. Also, the coagulation showed the following couples: [X1 = 5.37, X2 = 39.09] for camel rennet, [X1 = 5.36, X2 = 38.84] for goat rennet and [X1 = 5, X2 = 42] for chicken pepsin. The conclusion was flocculation and coagulation optimum points of camel and cow milk with coagulating enzymes studied are different based on surface plot analysis and the relationship between response and variables
Analysis and characterization of potential probiotic properties of Lactobacillus and Bacillus salmalaya 139SI
Authors: . Efrizal , Ismail Salmah , Ameen Fuad , Ahmad Bha Sartaj , Dadrasnia Arezoo , Ajeng Aaronn
Published: November 2022

Bacillus salmalaya 139SI and Lactobacillus sp. isolated from Kerinci buffalo milk yogurt were investigated for their potential probiotics properties. Three isolates from the milk yogurt were identified as L. plantarum 1, L. plantarum 2 and L. delbrueckii. The three isolates and B. salmalaya 139SI exhibited tolerance to gastric acid of pH 3.5, resistance to bile salts and were able to produce lactic acid. All the four strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Combination of isolates of L. plantarum 1 and L. plantarum 2 exhibited the highest coaggregation activity. L. plantarum 1 showed the highest hydrophobicity and had no adverse effects for the toxicity test (Lethal Dose 50). Characterization of probiotic properties in vitro and in vivo indicate that both bacteria L. plantarum and B. salmalaya 139SI are potential candidates for probiotic therapeutic application against Salmonella Enteritidis.
Effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction procedure on total phenolics, catechin and caffeine content of green tea extracts
Authors: Ateş Emine , Kaya Cemal , Yücel Esra Esin , Bayra Mustafa
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the changes encountered in water soluble dry matter (ºBrix), total phenolics, caffeine and some important catechins of green tea extracts extracted through ultrasound-assisted extraction procedures. Extractions were conducted at 70°C temperature, different tea: water ratios (5:100; 10:100) and brewing times (5, 10 and 20 min) and resultant extracts were also supplemented with tannase enzyme. Total phenolics of green tea extracts varied between 2.68 - 3.87 g GAE/100 g dry green tea. The greatest total phenolics (3.87 g GAE/100 g dry green tea) was obtained from 20 min brewing at 70°C and 10:100 tea: water ratio of tannase enzyme-supplemented extract. As compared to the control samples, decreasing EGCG and ECG contents and increasing EGC and EC contents were observed with tannase enzyme supplementations.
Histamine content in fresh and frozen pelagic species from the Mauritanian Atlantic Coast
Authors: Learoussy Hana Youssef , Tfeil Hasni , Dartige Aly , Aarab Lotfi
Published: November 2022

Histamine is a security issue in food safety as an indicator of the freshness of consumed fish product; that is why we aimed in this study to determine the histamine content in 7 fish species (Scomber japonicus; Sarda sarda; Sardinella aurita; S. maderensis; Ethmalosa fimbriata; Pomatomus saltatrix and Trachurus trachurus). Hundred and eight frozen and fresh pelagic of scombroid and non-scombroid species were collected from the Nouakchott fish market (Mauritanian Atlantic coast) in different period of 2020 and 2021. Histamine was quantified by the technique of high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Histamine was detected in all analyzed fresh and frozen species and varied from 4.21 to 201.60 ppm. All evaluated fresh fish species (S. aurita; S. maderensis; E. fimbriata; P. saltatrix and T. trachurus) were conform to the FAO/WHO and the European commission regulations. Regarding investigated frozen fish species (S. aurita; S. japonicus and S. sarda); the scombroid species (S. japonicus and S. sarda) were all under the set limits; however, even its more likely for scombroid fish to develop histamine, our results showed that histamine exceed the limit in one sample of non-scombroid fish (S. aurita). No significant variation in histamine levels between scombroid and non-scombroid fish species was obtained; thereby, the study showed that fish product commercialized at the Nouakchott fish market have a good quality and safe for human consumption.
Food Insufficiency Following Discontinuation of Monthly Child Tax Credit Payments Among Lower-Income US Households
Authors: Bouchelle Zoe , Vasan Aditi , Candon Molly , Kenyon Chén C.
Published: November 2022

Importance

The 2021 expanded Child Tax Credit provided advance monthly payments to many US families with children from July through December 2021 and was associated with a reduction in food insufficiency. Less is known about the effect of the discontinuation of monthly payments.

Objective

To assess whether the discontinuation of monthly Child Tax Credit payments was associated with subsequent changes in food insufficiency among lower-income US households with children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cross-sectional study used data from the Household Pulse Survey, a recurring online survey of US households conducted by the US Census Bureau, from January 2021 to March 2022. This study estimated difference-in-differences regression models for households making less than $50 000, less than $35 000, and less than $25 000 annually, adjusting for demographic characteristics and state of residence. The estimation sample of households making less than $50 000/y included 114 705 responses, representing a weighted population size of 27 342 296 households.

Exposures

Receipt of monthly Child Tax Credit payments, as measured by living in a household with children during the period of monthly payments from July through December 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Household food insufficiency, as measured by a respondent indicating that there was sometimes or often not enough food to eat in the household in the previous 7 days.

Results

Among 114 705 households making less than $50 000/y, respondents were predominantly female (57%); White (71%); not of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (79%); had high school or equivalent education (38%); and were unmarried (70%). Following the discontinuation of monthly Child Tax Credit payments, food insufficiency in US households with children increased by 3.5 percentage points (95% CI, 1.4-5.7 percentage points) among households making less than $50 000/y, 4.9 percentage points (95% CI, 2.6-7.3 percentage points) among households making less than $35 000/y, and 6.2 percentage points (95% CI, 3.3-9.3 percentage points) among households making less than $25 000/y. These estimates represent a relative increase in food insufficiency of approximately 16.7% among households making less than $50 000/y, 20.8% among households making less than $35 000/y, and 23.2% among households making less than $25 000/y.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this population-based cross-sectional study, discontinuation of monthly Child Tax Credit payments in December 2021 was associated with a statistically significant increase in household food insufficiency among lower-income households, with the greatest increase occurring in the lowest-income households.
Development and Validation of an Integrated Suite of Prediction Models for All-Cause 30-Day Readmissions of Children and Adolescents Aged 0 to 18 Years
Authors: Goodman Denise M. , Casale Mia T. , Rychlik Karen , Carroll Michael S. , Auger Katherine A. , Smith Tracie L. , Cartland Jenifer , Davis Matthew M.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Readmission is often considered a hospital quality measure, yet no validated risk prediction models exist for children.

Objective

To develop and validate a tool identifying patients before hospital discharge who are at risk for subsequent readmission, applicable to all ages.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based prognostic analysis used electronic health record–derived data from a freestanding children’s hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. All-cause 30-day readmission was modeled using 3 years of discharge data. Data were analyzed from June 1 to November 30, 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Three models were derived as a complementary suite to include (1) children 6 months or older with 1 or more prior hospitalizations within the last 6 months (recent admission model [RAM]), (2) children 6 months or older with no prior hospitalizations in the last 6 months (new admission model [NAM]), and (3) children younger than 6 months (young infant model [YIM]). Generalized mixed linear models were used for all analyses. Models were validated using an additional year of discharges.

Results

The derivation set contained 29 988 patients with 48 019 hospitalizations; 50.1% of these admissions were for children younger than 5 years and 54.7% were boys. In the derivation set, 4878 of 13 490 admissions (36.2%) in the RAM cohort, 2044 of 27 531 (7.4%) in the NAM cohort, and 855 of 6998 (12.2%) in the YIM cohort were followed within 30 days by a readmission. In the RAM cohort, prior utilization, current or prior procedures indicative of severity of illness (transfusion, ventilation, or central venous catheter), commercial insurance, and prolonged length of stay (LOS) were associated with readmission. In the NAM cohort, procedures, prolonged LOS, and emergency department visit in the past 6 months were associated with readmission. In the YIM cohort, LOS, prior visits, and critical procedures were associated with readmission. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 83.1 (95% CI, 82.4-83.8) for the RAM cohort, 76.1 (95% CI, 75.0-77.2) for the NAM cohort, and 80.3 (95% CI, 78.8-81.9) for the YIM cohort.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prognostic study, the suite of 3 prediction models had acceptable to excellent discrimination for children. These models may allow future improvements in tailored discharge preparedness to prevent high-risk readmissions.
Effect of Extending the Duration of Prequit Treatment With Varenicline on Smoking Abstinence
Authors: Hawk Larry W. , Tiffany Stephen T. , Colder Craig R. , Ashare Rebecca L. , Wray Jennifer M. , Tyndale Rachel F. , Brandon Thomas H. , Mahoney Martin C.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Even with varenicline, the leading monotherapy for tobacco dependence, smoking abstinence rates remain low. Preliminary evidence suggests that extending the duration of varenicline treatment before quitting may increase abstinence.

Objective

To test the hypotheses that, compared with standard run-in varenicline treatment (1 week before quitting), extended run-in varenicline treatment (4 weeks before quitting) reduces smoking exposure before the target quit date (TQD) and enhances abstinence, particularly among women.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled participants from October 2, 2017, to December 9, 2020, at a single-site research clinic in Buffalo, New York. Of 1385 people screened, 320 adults reporting smoking 5 or more cigarettes per day (CPD) were randomized and followed up for 28 weeks. Data were analyzed from August 2021 to June 2022.

Interventions

In the pre-TQD period (weeks 1-4), the extended run-in group received 4 weeks of varenicline; the standard run-in group received 3 weeks of placebo followed by 1 week of varenicline. Both groups received open-label varenicline during weeks 5 to 15 and brief quit counseling at 6 clinic visits.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome consisted of cotinine-verified (at end of treatment [EOT]) self-reported continuous abstinence from smoking (in CPD) during the last 4 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included bioverified self-report of continuous abstinence at the 6-month follow-up and percentage of reduction in self-reported smoking rate during the prequit period (week 1 vs week 4).

Results

A total of 320 participants were randomized, including 179 women (55.9%) and 141 men (44.1%), with a mean (SD) age of 53.7 (10.1) years. Continuous abstinence during the final 4 weeks of treatment (weeks 12-15; EOT) was not greater in the extended run-in group (64 of 163 [39.3%]) compared with the standard run-in group (57 of 157 [36.3%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.13 [95% CI, 0.72-1.78]), nor was the hypothesized group × sex interaction significant (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.21-1.28]). Similar nonsignificant results were obtained for continuous abstinence at the 6-month follow-up. The mean (SE) decrease in self-reported smoking rate during the prequit period was greater in the extended run-in group (−38.8% [2.8%]) compared with the standard run-in group (−17.5% [2.7%]).

Conclusions and Relevance

Among adult daily smokers, extending the duration of prequit varenicline treatment beyond the standard 1-week run-in period reduced prequit smoking exposure but, more importantly, did not significantly improve continuous abstinence rates.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03262662
Reporting and Representativeness of Race, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status in Systemic Sclerosis Randomized Trials: An Observational Study
Authors: Chaix Edouard , Mongin Denis , Gabay Cem , Iudici Michele
Published: November 2022

Objective

To assess how and to what extent socioeconomic status and ethnicity/race of participants are reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to estimate the representativeness of different ethnic/racial groups in SSc RCTs.

Methods

We searched all published RCTs on SSc indexed in PubMed. We retrieved information on main features of RCTs published from 2000 onward and recorded for each study whether race/ethnicity was reported; how ethnicity/race was defined and assigned; and the number of patients included for each racial/ethnic group. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with race/ethnicity reporting. Proportion of races/ethnicities included in US‐based RCTs on SSc was examined and compared with US demographic data.

Results

We included 106 studies, mostly conducted in Europe (42%) or North America (25%), published after 2010 (74%), and enrolling a total of 6,693 patients. About one‐third of studies provided information about race/ethnicity, with no improved reporting over time. Only 2 papers reported patient's socioeconomic status. Study location (US or intercontinental) was the only significant factor associated with a better reporting of race/ethnicity in multivariable analysis. In studies where race/ethnicity was reported, White patients were mostly represented (79%), followed by Asian (7%), and African American (6%). In the sensitivity analysis limited to studies from the US, underrepresentation of African American patients was observed in the 2000–2010 time period, but not later.

Conclusion

Documentation of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status is poor in RCTs on SSc. More effort should be made to document race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status and to promote diversity in SSc RCTs.
Study on Wave Absorption and Multilayer Optimum Design of γ‐Fe2O3/Graphene Oxide/Ultrahigh‐Performance Concrete Sheet
Authors: Hua Zhao , Chenghuan Li , Changan Ni , Xinhua Song , Yaohui Guo , Xinyu Zhu , Jiajun Yu
Published: November 2022

Combining ultrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC) with graphene oxide (GO) and γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles, the γ‐Fe2O3/GO/UHPC composite wave absorbing material has a broad application prospect in the field of military and civil wave absorbing and shielding. Herein, the physical characteristics and wave absorption properties of monolayer γ‐Fe2O3/GO/UHPC composite plate are investigated and analyzed. Then, the multilayer γ‐Fe2O3/GO/UHPC composite absorbing material with three layers of doped ceramics, resin, and air layer is optimized by orthogonal experiments and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The results show that the influence of the three kinds of media on the doped composite plate is as follows: steel fiber is larger than γ‐Fe2O3 and lager than GO. When the contents of γ‐Fe2O3 and GO steel fiber in single‐layer Fe2O3/GO/UHPC composite board are 1.9%, 0.2%, and 1.5%, respectively, the wave absorption effect is the best at −15.603 dB. The reflectivity of multilayer γ‐Fe2O3/GO/UHPC composite plate with ceramic, resin, and air layer is −4 to −19 dB, −1 to −20 dB, and 0 to −25 dB, respectively. The reflectivity of the multilayer γ‐Fe2O3/GO/UHPC composite plate optimized using PSO algorithm is in the range of −10 to −20 dB, and the effective bandwidth is 2–18 GHz.
Compression, Energy Absorption, and Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Al Composite Foams
Authors: Shao Wenda , Yang Xudong , Hu Chunling , Zheng Yuanxing
Published: November 2022

Herein, pre‐dispersed ball‐milling and space‐holder methods are used to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced aluminum (Al) matrix composite foams (C‐AMCFs). Systematic research is conducted on the mechanical and electromagnetic shielding properties of C‐AMCFs as well as the optimal ball‐milling time. The results demonstrate a quasi‐linear relationship between CNTs contents and optimal ball‐milling time. With the addition of CNTs, the compressive performances of C‐AMCFs first increase and subsequently decrease. The 2.5 wt% C‐AMCFs have the best mechanical performance, whose yield strength (19.25 MPa), plateau stress (20.87 MPa), and energy absorption capacity (8.874 MJ m−3), are both 1.72, 1.72, and 1.79 times than those of AFs, respectively. In the X‐band (8.2–12.4 GHz), the addition of CNTs in C‐AMCFs can increase their electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The greatest electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the 2.0 wt% C‐AMCFs is 30–40 dB. By enhancing the reflection loss at the first interface as well as the absorption and reflection loss inside the cell walls, CNTs play an important role in improving the electromagnetic shielding performance of C‐AMCFs.
Electroactive Bistable Actuators with Tunable Snap‐through Performances and Adjustable Mechanical Bending Modes for Ultrafast Bioinspired Systems
Authors: Niu Dong , Li Dachao , Xiong Ming , Chen Jinlan , Cao Yunyi , Chen Jinju , Liu Hongzhong
Published: November 2022

Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators typically exhibit limited response speed owing to the long duration required for the alloy to cool down and return to its natural shape and compliance after electrical thermal actuation. Herein, a generic design principle for harnessing the mechanical instability of the bistable mechanism to improve the response properties and output force of SMA actuators is proposed. The SMA actuator presented herein is constructed by combining spring‐based bistable linkages and SMA springs as “skeletal spine” and “skeletal muscles,” respectively. Most existing SMA actuators are designed as inherently and unimodally stable, whereas the working performance of the design suggests that it rapidly stores and releases energy within tens of milliseconds by regulating the bistable mechanism. Furthermore, a highly dynamic SMA actuator that can generate a force of ≈3.4 N is demonstrated, bends through 60° in 0.05 s, and achieves periodic deformation under the alternating actuation of two SMA springs. Furthermore, two representative demonstrations of dynamic impact excitation and jumping are verified. Owing to these properties, the actuator can pave a new path toward constructing next‐generation, high‐performance smart actuators with multiple scales and functionalities. It can be applied to next‐generation high‐performance robotic or actuation systems with multifunctional characteristics.
Reflective and Complementary Transmissive All‐Printed Electrochromic Displays Based on Prussian Blue
Authors: Andersson Ersman Peter , Boda Ulrika , Petsagkourakis Ioannis , Åhlin Jessica , Posset Uwe , Schott Marco , Brooke Robert
Published: November 2022

By combining the electrochromic (EC) properties of Prussian blue (PB) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), complementary EC displays manufactured by slot‐die coating and screen printing on flexible plastic substrates are reported. Various display designs have been realized, resulting in displays operating in either transmissive or reflective mode. For the transmission mode displays, the color contrast is enhanced by the complementary switching of the two EC electrodes PB and PEDOT:PSS. Both electrodes are either exhibiting a concurrent colorless or blue appearance. For the displays operating in reflection mode, a white opaque electrolyte is used in conjunction with the EC properties of PB, resulting in a display device switching between a fully white state and a blue‐colored state. The developments of the different device architectures, that either operate in reflection or transmission mode, demonstrate a scalable manufacturing approach of all‐printed EC displays that may be used in a large variety of Internet of Things applications.
Synergistic Enhancement of Luminescent and Ferroelectric Properties through Multi‐Clipping of Tetraphenylethenes
Authors: Kim Donghwan , Thuy Hoang Tran Thi , Kim Byeonggwan , Auh Yanghyun , Rémond Maxime , Leong Kwang Keat , Liang Ting , Kim Jinbo , Kim Eunkyoung
Published: November 2022

Synergistically enhancing luminescent and ferroelectric (SELF) properties are observed from a tetraphenylethene (TP) substituted with clipping groups (C), where the C is consisting of a 4‐[3,5‐bis‐(3‐decyloxy‐styryl)‐styryl]‐phenyl (DOS) unit. The DOS units of TPCn are self‐assembled via intermolecular interaction to clip themselves and induce TP aggregation, as evidenced by clip‐induced quenching of emission at DOS units (Eclip) accompanied by aggregation‐induced emission enhancement of TPs (EAIE). TPC4 demonstrates strong photoluminescence in a dilute chloroform solution and large EAIE in aqueous (>50%) THF solution. TPCn demonstrates SELF properties in film state, with high quantum yields of photoluminescence (>80%) and ferroelectric switching. Due to the introduction of four clips, TPC4 has a higher remnant polarization (Pr  =  2.27 µC cm−2) at room temperature than TPC1. TPC4 is successfully employed in a light‐emitting electrochemical cell to achieve over 1290 cd m−2 under pulsed current conditions. The TPC4 film on a flexible substrate produced a piezoelectric output voltage of up to 0.13 V and a current density of 1.14 nA cm−2 upon bending. These results indicate that the side chain clipping and TP aggregation resulted in unprecedented flexible SELF properties in a single compound, offering simultaneous enhancement of electroluminescence, mechanical sensitivity, and energy harvesting capacity.
A Soft, Fast and Versatile Electrohydraulic Gripper with Capacitive Object Size Detection
Authors: Yoder Zachary , Macari Daniela , Kleinwaks Gavriel , Schmidt Ingemar , Acome Eric , Keplinger Christoph
Published: November 2022

Soft robotic grippers achieve increased versatility and reduced complexity through intelligence embodied in their flexible and conformal structures. The most widely used soft grippers are pneumatically driven; they are simple and effective but require bulky air compressors that limit their application space and external sensors or computationally expensive vision systems for pick verification. In this study, a multi‐material architecture for self‐sensing electrohydraulic bending actuators is presented that enables a new class of highly versatile and reconfigurable soft grippers that are electrically driven and feature capacitive pick verification and object size detection. These electrohydraulic grippers are fast (step input results in finger closure in 50 ms), draw low power (6.5 mW per finger to hold grasp), and can pick a wide variety of objects with simple binary electrical control. Integrated high‐voltage driving electronics are presented that greatly increase the application space of the grippers and make them readily compatible with commercially available robotic arms.
Leveraging Bioinspired Structural Constraints for Tunable and Programmable Snapping Dynamics in High‐Speed Soft Actuators
Authors: Wang Jiao , Zhao Tonghui , Fan Yangyang , Wu Huimin , Lv Jiu‐an
Published: November 2022

Creating high‐speed soft actuators will have broad engineering and technological applications. Snapping provides a power‐amplified mechanism to achieve rapid movements in soft actuators that typically show slow movements. However, precise control of snapping dynamics (e.g., speed and direction of launching or jumping) remains a daunting challenge. Here, a bioinspired design principle is presented that harnesses a reconfigurable constraint structure integrated into a photoactive liquid crystal elastomer actuator to enable tunable and programmable control over its snapping dynamics. By reconfiguring constrained fin‐array‐shaped structure, the snapping dynamics of the structured actuator, such as launching or jumping angle and height, motion speed, and release force can be on‐demand tuned, thus enabling controllable catapult motion and programmable jumping. Moreover, the structured actuators exhibit a unique combination of ultrafast moving speed (up to 2.5 m s−1 in launching and 0.22 m s−1 in jumping), powerful ejection (long ejection distance of ≈20 cm, 35 mg ball), and high jumping height (≈8 cm, 40 times body lengths), which few other soft actuators can achieve. This study provides a new universal design paradigm for realizing controllable rapid movements and high‐power motions in soft matter, which are useful for building high‐performance soft robotics and actuation devices.
Ultra‐Robust Joule‐Heated Superhydrophobic Smart Window: Dually‐Switching Droplets Adhesion and Transparency via In Situ Electric‐Actuated Reconfigurable Shape‐Memory Shutters
Authors: Chen Chao , Yao Hao , Guo Sijia , Lao Zhaoxin , Xu Yudong , Li Shuyi , Wu Sizhu
Published: November 2022

Slippery liquid‐impregnated porous surfaces (SLIPS) based smart windows (SWs) that dynamically fine‐tune the solar energy gain are promising candidates for alleviating the global energy crisis, especially for dim rainy climates. Unfortunately, the inferior durability arising from viscous dissipation over SLIPS‐based SWs remains a great challenge that needs to be addressed. Here, an ultra‐robust all‐solid‐state superhydrophobic SW is reported namely electric‐actuated reconfigurable shape memory shutter (EA‐RSMS) via a hybrid approach of laser ablation and soft transfer. Thanks to electrothermal effect of underlying silver nanowires heater, EA‐RSMS can be dynamically glazing by switching the surface shutters between bent mode (the transmittance of 10.8%) and erect one (the transmittance of 56.6%) within 60 s in situ. Synergistically, EA‐RSMS motivates the reversible transition between sticky state (sliding angle of 24°) and slippery one (sliding angle of 8°) by alternate Joule‐heating/pressing operation. Fundamental physics renders to clarify the effect of shutters topography on the hysteresis and light performance. Last but not the least, by utilizing the optimized EA‐RSMS shelter, indoor thermal‐comfort regulation, visibility encoding together with angle‐variable display are deployed. Current superhydrophobic EA‐RSMS with robust durability, novel tuning modulation, fast electric‐sensitivity, and optical angle‐dependence holds promising potential in self‐cleaning smart windows, energy‐saving buildings, anti‐voyeurism, etc.
Robust Room Temperature Ferromagnetism In Cobalt Doped Graphene by Precision Control of Metal Ion Hybridization
Authors: Paidi Vinod K , Jung Euiyeon , Lee Jaewoo , Lee Alex Taekyung , Shepit Michael , Ihm Kyuwook , Lee Byoung‐Hoon , van Lierop Johan , Hyeon Taeghwan , Lee Kug‐Seung
Published: November 2022

Graphene‐based magnetic materials exhibit novel properties and promising applications in the development of next‐generation spintronic devices. Modern synthesis techniques have paved the way to design precisely the local environments of metal atoms anchored onto a nitrogen‐doped graphene matrix. Herein, it is demonstrated that grafting cobalt (Co) into the graphene lattice induces robust and stable room‐temperature ferromagnetism. These comprehensive experiments and first‐principles calculations unambiguously identify that the mechanism for this unusual ferromagnetism is π‐d orbital hybridization between Co dxz and graphene pz orbitals. Here, it is found that the magnetic interactions of Co–carbon ions are mediated by the spin‐polarized graphene pz orbitals, and room temperature ferromagnetism can be stabilized by electron doping. It is also found that the electronic structure near the Fermi level, which sets the nature of spin polarization of graphene pz bands, strongly depends on the local environment of the Co moiety. This is the crucial, previously missing, ingredient that enables control of the magnetism. Overall, these observations unambiguously reveal that engineering the atomic structure of metal‐embedded graphene lattices through careful d to p orbital interactions opens a new window of opportunities for developing graphene‐based spintronics devices.
Transparent Electronic Skin from the Integration of Strain Sensors and Supercapacitors
Authors: Liang Jie , Sheng Hongwei , Ma Hongyun , Wang Pengxiang , Wang Qi , Yuan Jiao , Zhang Xuetao , Shao Mingjiao , Li Wenquan , Xie Erqing , Lan Wei
Published: November 2022

Some of the major challenges for electronic skin (E‐skin) are to achieve accurate and continuous monitoring of human activities/health condition, eliminating wired external power sources. The ideal E‐skin should be ultra‐sensitive, self‐powered, conformal to human skin, and optically transparent for visual or aesthetic purposes. In this paper, a self‐powered all‐in‐one transparent E‐skin is constructed by integrating a flexible transparent supercapacitor (FTSC) as an energy storage device with a stretchable transparent strain sensor. The assembled FTSC uses oxygen‐deficient molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanowires and cellulose nanofiber composite as paper electrodes, achieving an excellent combination of high transparency and outstanding energy‐storage capacity (12.1 mF cm−2) to drive the operation of the sensor. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of 1D nanowires bridging 2D nanosheets in the skeleton network provides the transparent strain sensor with ultra‐high sensitivity (high gauge factor up to 220 under 1% strain), high signal‐to‐noise ratio, fast response time (≈50 ms), and excellent stability. The E‐skin being conformally attached to various parts of the human body enables real‐time detection of subtle physiological signals and joint movements.
Large‐Area Inkjet‐Printed OLEDs Patterns and Tiles Using Small Molecule Phosphorescent Dopant
Authors: Kant Chandra , Mahmood Sadiq , Katiyar Monica
Published: November 2022

The main bottleneck in inkjet printing (IJP) is a stable and jettable ink formulation. This paper discusses the ink formulation for the small molecule phosphorescent dopant/host system. The study involves the estimation of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) to formulate inkjet‐printed ink of an iridium complex‐based phosphorescent material, bis(4‐phenylthieno[3,2‐c]pyridinato‐N,C2') (acetylacetonate) iridium(III) (PO‐01) as dopant and 4, 40‐bis (carbazol‐9‐yl) biphenyl as the host of the emissive layer. Based on dopant and host HSP analyses, toluene and methyl benzoate are chosen as ink solvents. Our ink is stable for a month and can be replicated with great accuracy. The interaction of individual drops is examined in detail since resolution or film quality is highly influenced by the drop formation and spread on a substrate. Finally, an inkjet‐printed emissive layer is demonstrated on both glass and flexible substrates. The fabricated devices exhibit the maximum current efficiency and luminance of 6.4 cd A−1and 5781 cd m−2. A technique is also shown to print large‐area organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices having different patterns without patterning or pixelization of the active area of the electrodes. Up to 80 × 80 mm2large‐area OLED tiles are made using IJP of the emissive layer.
Electronic Structure Engineering of Highly‐Scalable Earth‐Abundant Multi‐Synergized Electrocatalyst for Exceptional Overall Water Splitting in Neutral Medium
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Cohen Adam , Filanovsky Boris , Patolsky Fernando
Published: November 2022

Efficient neutral water splitting may represent in future a sustainable solution to unconstrained energy requirements, but yet necessitates the development of innovative avenues for achieving the currently unmet required performances. Herein, a novel paradigm based on the combination of electronic structure engineering and surface morphology tuning of earth‐abundant 3D‐hierarchical binder‐free electrocatalysts is demonstrated, via a scalable single‐step thermal transformation of nickel substrates under sulfur environment. A temporal‐evolution of the resulting 3D‐nanostructured substrates is performed for the intentional enhancement of non‐abundant highly‐catalytic Ni3+ and pSn2− species on the catalyst surface, concomitantly accompanied with densification of the hierarchical catalyst morphology. Remarkably, the finely engineered NiSx catalyst synthesized via thermal‐evolution for 24 h (NiSx‐24 h) exhibits an exceptionally low cell voltage of 1.59 V (lower than Pt/C‐IrO2 catalytic couple) for neutral water splitting, which represents the lowest value ever reported. The enhanced performance of NiSx‐24 h is a multi‐synergized consequence of the simultaneous enrichment of oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction catalyzing species, accompanied by an optimum electrocatalytic surface area and intrinsic high conductivity. Overall, this innovative work opens a route to engineering the active material's electronic structure/morphology, demonstrating novel Ni3+/pSn2−‐enriched NiSx catalysts which surpass state‐of‐the‐art materials for neutral water splitting.
Response of rice growth to soil microorganisms and soil properties in different soil types
Authors: Li Peng , Yan Yue , Li Chao , Tang Wenguang , Xiong Ziqin , Tian Yunhe , Zhou Kun , Yi Zhenxie , Zheng Zhongyi , Rang Zhongwen , Li Juan
Published: November 2022

In order to understand the relationship between rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and the microbial communities and soil properties of different soil types, and to clarify the advantages of rice production characteristics of different soil types, we investigated the soil bacterial communities and soil properties of five representative rice soils (granitic sandy soil, purple clayey soil, red yellow clayey soil, yellow clayey soil, and alluvial sandy soil) and determined their effects on rice yield. The granitic sandy soil showed the greatest potential for increasing rice yield, with a yield of 39.2 g per plant, which was 24.56% higher than the lowest yielding soil type, these differences were related to differences in the soil microbial community and soil properties. There were significant differences in the microbial communities and chemical properties among the soil types, of which the granitic sandy soil type had the highest total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available kalium, and soil organic carbon contents, which were 2.60 g kg−1, 196.07 mg kg−1, 230.65 mg kg−1, and 24.67 g kg−1, respectively. Moreover, there was a significant correlation among specific bacterial taxa, soil properties, and rice yield, with Bacteroidetes showing a significant positive correlation with rice yield. The results also showed that pH, alkaline soluble nitrogen, and fast‐acting potassium were the key soil properties affecting soil communities and rice yield. Both soil properties and soil microbial community influenced rice yield.
Expanding SPG7 dominant optic atrophy phenotype: Infantile nystagmus and optic atrophy without spastic paraplegia
Authors: Seo Yuri , Lim Hyun Taek , Lee Byung Joo , Han Jinu
Published: November 2022

Spastic paraplegia is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive leg weakness and spasticity due to degeneration of corticospinal axons. SPG7 encodes paraplegin, and pathogenic variants in the gene cause hereditary spastic paraplegia as an autosomal recessive trait. Various ophthalmological findings including optic atrophy, ophthalmoplegia, or nystagmus have been reported in patients with spastic paraplegia type 7. We report a 15‐year‐old male patient with a novel heterozygous variant, c.1224T>G:p.(Asp408Glu) in SPG7 (NM_003119.3) causing early onset isolated optic atrophy and infantile nystagmus prior to the onset of neurological symptoms. Therefore, SPG7 should be considered a cause of infantile nystagmus with optic atrophy.
Ligand‐Assisted Coupling Manipulation for Efficient and Stable FAPbI3 Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xuliang , Huang Hehe , Jin Lujie , Wen Chao , Zhao Qian , Zhao Chenyu , Guo Junjun , Cheng Chen , Wang Hongshuai , Zhang Liang , Li Youyong , Maung Maung Yin , Yuan Jianyu , Ma Wanli
Published: November 2022

For emerging perovskite quantum dots (QDs), understanding the surface features and their impact on the materials and devices is becoming increasingly urgent. In this family, hybrid FAPbI3 QDs (FA: formamidium) exhibit higher ambient stability, near‐infrared absorption and sufficient carrier lifetime. However, hybrid QDs suffer from difficulty in modulating surface ligand, which is essential for constructing conductive QD arrays for photovoltaics. Herein, assisted by an ionic liquid formamidine thiocyanate, we report a facile surface reconfiguration methodology to modulate surface and manipulate electronic coupling of FAPbI3 QDs, which is exploited to enhance charge transport for fabricating high‐quality QD arrays and photovoltaic devices. Finally, a record‐high efficiency approaching 15 % is achieved for FAPbI3 QD solar cells, and they retain over 80 % of the initial efficiency after aging in ambient environment (20–30 % humidity, 25 °C) for over 600 h.
Preparation of monodisperse silica powder from acid residue after extracting alumina from coal gangue
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yang Huifen , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2022

A new method for preparing monodisperse silica powder was introduced in this paper. Monodisperse silica powder was synthesized by sol–gel method using sodium silicate prepared from acid residue after alumina extraction from coal gangue leached by NaOH. The dissolution rate of SiO2 was determined according to the potassium fluosilicate volumetric method (GB/T 27974‐2011). The SiO2 dissolution rate reaching 92.74% when dissolution temperature calcined at 90°C for 90 min, the liquid–solid ratio was 8 ml/g, and the concentration of NaOH solution was 30%. The maximum specific surface area of silicon powder reaching 519m2/g when the concentration of sodium silicate was 0.6 mol/l, ethyl acetate concentration was 8%, anhydrous ethanol concentration was 5%, and the reaction time was 90 min. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the content of SiO2 in the powder was 99.28%, the particle size was between 30 ~ 300 nm, and more than 90% of the particle size was below 100 nm.
Enhanced mechanical performance of fused filament fabrication copolyester by continuous carbon fiber in‐situ reinforcement
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Zhou Ziyan , Gao Xin , Fan Tianxiang , Chen Ye , Wang Huaping
Published: November 2022

As one of the most commonly used thermoplastics, polyester has rarely been used as the raw materials of 3D printing. However, copolyester obtained by copolymerization modifying polyester, such as Poly Ethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG), has been proven to be suitable for the fused filament fabrication (FFF) technique in previous studies, but the mechanical performance of printed products is still poor. In this paper, 3D printed PETG is in‐situ reinforced by continuous carbon fiber (CCF), and the relationship between the process parameters and the mechanical performance of CCF/PETG is systematically investigated. The results show that the performance of 3D printed PETG is significantly enhanced by CCF in‐situ reinforcement due to the effectively impregnation of CCF. By optimizing process parameters, the tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of CCF/PETG are 597%, 293% and 650% of pure PETG, respectively, with a relatively low fiber mass fraction of 19.2 wt%. This paper demonstrates that CCF in‐situ reinforced 3D printed copolyester may be used in the manufacture of complex structural parts that require high mechanical performance in the engineering application.
Investigating the effect of printing conditions and annealing on the porosity and tensile behavior of 3D‐printed polyetherimide material in Z‐direction
Authors: Ouassil Salah‐Eddine , El Magri Anouar , Vanaei Hamid Reza , Vaudreuil Sébastien
Published: November 2022

Fused filament fabrication process presents drawbacks in mechanical properties observed when printing in the build direction (Z‐direction). Such anisotropic properties will affect the part's performances and have to be minimized during fabrication. This study aims to evaluate the effects of nozzle temperature, printing speed and specimen state (annealed or as‐printed) on porosity percentage and tensile properties for 3D printed polyetherimide (PEI) (ULTEM 1010) parts in Z‐direction. The results demonstrated that print speed is the most influential process parameter that should be adjusted in consideration with the other printing parameters. The specimens' state did not reveal a noticeable influence, as the amorphous nature of PEI is considered less receptive to annealing. The optimization method to achieve the best results yielded values of 360°C and 30 mm s−1 as printing conditions, followed by heat treatment. This was confirmed by porosity measurements, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy observations. The best performances of PEI material were 3425.5 MPa, 102 MPa, and 4.30% for Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break, respectively.
Teacher‐ and parent‐reported trajectories of maladaptive behaviors among individuals with autism and non‐spectrum delays
Authors: Rosen Nicole E. , Schiltz Hillary K. , Lord Catherine
Published: November 2022

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and non‐spectrum developmental delays frequently exhibit maladaptive behaviors throughout the lifespan, which can have pervasive effects on quality of life. Maladaptive behaviors have been shown to change over time as a function of various individual‐level factors (e.g., cognitive ability), yet research is primarily limited to parent‐reported measures. To expand upon this work, the present study aimed to examine trajectories of teacher‐ and parent‐reported maladaptive behaviors (i.e., hyperactivity, irritability, social withdrawal) and to test whether individual‐level predictors (e.g., autism features, verbal intelligence quotient) and school‐related predictors (e.g., teacher type, student‐adult ratio, personal aide, school type) impact these trajectories among 165 individuals with ASD or non‐spectrum delays from ages 9 to 18. Multilevel models revealed that, according to both teacher and parent report, participants showed the greatest improvement in hyperactivity, less but still notable improvement in irritability, and stable levels of social withdrawal over time. Higher verbal ability and fewer ASD features, in addition to mainstream school placement, emerged as important individual‐ and school‐related differences associated with fewer maladaptive behaviors over time. The multi‐informant perspective and longitudinal design provide novel insight into the manifestations of these maladaptive behaviors across different contexts and across time. Findings highlight the consistency of teacher‐ and parent‐reported trajectories over time and further emphasize the importance of targeting maladaptive behaviors using a multisystem intervention approach in both school and home contexts.