bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal patterns of sugar components and their functions in branches of Fagus crenata in association with three reproduction events
Authors: Kabeya Daisuke , Han Qingmin
Published: November 2022

Soluble sugars have multiple functions in plants and both their absolute and relative abundances may vary in association with diverse physiological processes and life‐history events. Some also have specific functions in different organs that vary seasonally. Therefore, studying the dynamics of sugar compositions in woody species would further our understanding of their functions, which has been mainly analyzed en bloc. In order to elucidate the functions of specific soluble sugars and the effects of reproduction on their profile, we monitored the soluble sugar composition in “new” (current‐year) and “old” (1–3 years old) branches of Fagus crenata for 7 years, which included three reproduction (“masting”) events. As well as the generally predominant sugar species (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), substantial amounts of raffinose (accounting for up to 42% of the total sugars) were found in both new and old branches during winter hardening. In addition, myo‐inositol (which plays important roles in cell growth and development) was detected mainly during the early growing season and fluctuated interannually in both new and old branches. Furthermore, the only clear change in soluble sugar contents associated with reproduction events was in myo‐inositol concentrations in the new branches, which were lower in fruiting trees than in non‐fruiting trees, possibly due to the growth reduction in fruiting tree branches identified in previous studies. The results show the importance of considering the dynamics of each sugar component, rather than en bloc, in attempts to elucidate their roles in physiological processes and responses to environmental changes.
Estimate of the degradation potentials of cellulose, xylan, and chitin across global prokaryotic communities
Authors: Li Dan‐dan , Zhang Zheng , Wang Jia‐ning , Zhang Peng , Liu Ya , Li Yue‐zhong
Published: November 2022

Complex polysaccharides (e.g. cellulose, xylan, and chitin), the most abundant renewable biomass resources available on Earth, are mainly degraded by microorganisms in nature. However, little is known about the global distribution of the enzymes and microorganisms responsible for the degradation of cellulose, xylan, and chitin in natural environments. Through large‐scale alignments between the sequences released by the Earth Microbiome Project and sequenced prokaryotic genomes, we determined that almost all prokaryotic communities have the functional potentials to degrade cellulose, xylan, and chitin. The median abundances of genes encoding putative cellulases, xylanases, and chitinases in global prokaryotic communities are 0.51 (0.17–1.01), 0.24 (0.05–0.57), and 0.33 (0.11–0.71) genes/cell, respectively, and the composition and abundance of these enzyme systems are environmentally varied. The taxonomic sources of the three enzymes are highly diverse within prokaryotic communities, and the main factor influencing the diversity is the community's alpha diversity index rather than gene abundance. Moreover, there are obvious differences in taxonomic sources among different communities, and most genera with degradation potentials are narrowly distributed. In conclusion, our analysis preliminarily depicts a panorama of cellulose‐, xylan‐, and chitin‐degrading enzymatic systems across global prokaryotic communities.
Phenolic, flavonoid, and β‐carotene contents of provitamin A cassava hydrolysate with free and encapsulatedLactobacillus rhamnosus GGimproves antioxidant biomarkers in kidney, heart and liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Oguntoye Modupeola A. , Oridupa Olayinka A. , Ezekiel Olufunke O.
Published: November 2022

In vitro antioxidant activity and possible in vivo antioxidative effects of provitamin A cassava hydrolysate inoculated with free or encapsulatedLactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG), a ready‐to‐drink probiotic beverage containing natural β‐carotene and other phytochemicals, were evaluated. Provitamin A cassava was orally administered to male Wistar rats (n = 40, 120‒150 g) for 30 days. Regression analysis showed the phenolic and total flavonoid contents of provitamin A cassava hydrolysate contributed 68% and 95%, respectively, to the antioxidant activity (by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay) (83.3 ± 1.8–87 ± 1.8%). in vivo study showed that malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activities were lowered or unchanged with a significant increase in antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the kidney, heart, and liver of all rats administered provitamin A cassava hydrolysate withLGG, especially at doses 2 × 1010CFU, compared to control. Provitamin A cassava hydrolysate withLGGshowed significant antioxidant activity In vitro and in vivo, thus indicating its potential usefulness in the food industry as an antioxidant beverage.

Practical Application

This study reports the antioxidant properties of provitamin A cassava hydrolysate, which can be consumed as a refreshing beverage while also delivering antioxidant benefits. In the food and beverage industry, provitamin A cassava hydrolysate could be applied as a nutraceutical beverage with therapeutic functions. This product innovation increases the value‐addition of cassava and expands the nondairy food matrix options used as probiotic carriers.
RNA m6A methyltransferase METTL14 promotes the procession of non‐small cell lung cancer by targeted CSF1R
Authors: Ren Siying , Xiao Ying , Yang Lulu , Hu Yan
Published: November 2022

Background

Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most malignant cancer types, characterized by a poor prognosis. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal modification of mRNA. METTL14, an RNA methyltransferase that mediates m6A modification, is implicated in mRNA biogenesis. However, the biomechanism of METTL14 in NSCLC is not very clear.

Methods

Here, immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was employed to detect METTL14 in NSCLC tissues. The biological functions of METTL14 were demonstrated using cell transfection, cell proliferation assay, cell clone formation assay, cell cycle analysis, cell death analysis, transwell and wound healing assays. Transcriptome and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MERIP)‐sequencing were used to explore the pathways and potential mechanism of METTL14 in NSCLC. RNA sequencing, METTL14 rip‐sequencing, and METTL14 merip‐sequencing were conducted to identify the potential targets of METTL14.

Results

METTL14 was significantly correlated with clinical pathological parameters of differentiation and M stage. Additionally, METTL14 promotes cell proliferation, induces cell death, and enhances cell migration and invasion in vitro. Transcriptome and MeRIP‐sequencing reveal oncogenic mechanism of METTL14. RIP‐sequencing highlights CSF1R and AKR1C1 as targets of METTL14. After validation with TCGA dataset, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) showed significant positive coefficient with METTL14, and was presumed to be one target of METTl14 in lung cancer and verified by the cellular experiments.

Conclusion

In conclusion, our results revealed the clinical significance of m6A RNA modification atlas, the function, and molecular targets CSF1R of METTL14 in NSCLC cell lines. The RNA m6A methyltransferase METTL14 promotes the progression of NSCLC by targeted CSF1R.
The use of dexmedetomidine in the emergency department: A systematic review
Authors: Baumgartner Kevin , Groff Veronica , Yaeger Lauren H. , Fuller Brian M.
Published: November 2022

Background

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a centrally acting alpha‐2 agonist, is increasingly used for sedation in multiple clinical settings. Evidence from the intensive care unit and operative settings suggests DEX may have significant advantages over traditional GABAergic sedatives such as benzodiazepines. There has been limited research on the use of DEX in the emergency department (ED).

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the medical literature to identify all published evidence regarding the use of DEX in the ED. We included randomized and nonrandomized studies and studies reporting any use of DEX in the ED, even when it was not the primary focus of the study. Two authors reviewed studies for inclusion, and a single author assessed studies for quality and risk of bias and abstracted data.

Results

We identified 35 studies meeting inclusion criteria, including 11 randomized controlled trials, 13 cohort and other nonrandomized studies, and 11 case reports and case series. Significant heterogeneity in interventions, comparators, indications, and outcomes precluded data pooling and meta‐analysis. We found modest evidence that DEX was efficacious in facilitating medical imaging and mixed and limited evidence regarding its efficacy for procedural sedation and sedation of nonintubated medical and psychiatric patients. Our results suggested that DEX is associated with bradycardia and hypotension, which are generally transient and infrequently require medical intervention.

Conclusions

A limited body of generally poor‐ to moderate‐quality evidence suggests that the use of DEX may be efficacious in certain clinical scenarios in the ED and that DEX use in the ED is likely safe. Further high‐quality research into DEX use in the ED setting is needed, with a particular focus on clear and consistent selection of indications, identification of clear and clinically relevant primary outcomes, and careful assessment of the clinical implications of the hemodynamic effects of DEX therapy.
Grazing season regulates plant community structure and production by altering plant litter mass in a typical steppe
Authors: Shi Chunjun , Li Yanlong , Bai Zheng , Wu Lin , Wang Hao , Zhang Tongrui , Chang Qiu , Li Frank Yonghong
Published: November 2022

Aims

Grazing different grasslands with seasonal changes is the tradition in pastoral systems in natural grassland regions worldwide. The effects and mechanisms of different grazing seasons on semi‐arid steppe vegetation are less explored on the Mongolian Plateau. Therefore, we assessed the impact and underlying mechanisms of grazing seasons on grassland community structure and production.

Location

Xilingol, Inner Mongolia, China.

Methods

We conducted a three‐year experiment to investigate the effects of grazing in four different seasons under the same grazing intensities on plant community structure and production in a typical steppe rangeland. The experiment was a random‐block design, with 20 grassland paddocks of 50 m × 50 m, representing five treatments (i.e., early spring, summer, autumn, mid‐winter, and no grazing), replicated by four blocks. We monitored the changes in soil properties, plant litter mass (i.e., standing dead biomass and dead plant material on the soil surface) and plant species composition and production across grazing treatments.

Results

Plant community height and above‐ground biomass were higher under early spring and winter grazing than autumn and summer grazing and no grazing. This divergence in plant community structure was mainly mediated by the seasonal patterns of plant litter mass across the grazing regimes. A high plant litter mass enhanced soil moisture by accumulating snow in winter and reducing soil evaporation during the growing season, which benefit plant growth. The removal of plant litter before the growing season increased the reception of solar radiation, thus improving soil temperature and plant production. The changes in community microenvironment and selective grazing led to the changes in plant species composition especially under summer and autumn grazing.

Conclusions

Our results imply that grazing in winter or in early spring before plants start to turn green is more efficient than the complete animal exclusion for the natural recovery of degraded grassland in Inner Mongolia. It is suitable to incorporate cold‐season grazing in the development of sustainable grassland management systems.
The balancing of virtues—Muslim perspectives on palliative and end of life care: Empirical research analysing the perspectives of service users and providers
Authors: Suleman Mehrunisha
Published: November 2022

In this paper, I will share findings from a qualitative study that offers a thematic analysis of 76 interviews with Muslim patients and families as well as doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, chaplains and community faith leaders across the United Kingdom. The data show that for many Muslims, Islam—its texts and lived practice—is of central importance when they are deliberating about death and dying . Central to these deliberations are virtues rooted within Islamic theology and ethics, the traditions of adab (virtue) and aqhlaq (proper conduct). Themes analysed include theological and moral understandings around the virtues of hope and acceptance. The study provides an analysis of these themes in relation to the experiences of Muslim patients and families arriving at meaning making around death and dying and how this interfaces with their interaction with biomedicine and healthcare. The study shows that the juxtaposition of different values and moral frameworks require careful negotiation when Muslim patients and families encounter the healthcare system. The study also describes how healthcare professionals and staff of other faiths and no faith encounter Muslim beliefs and practices, and the challenges they face in interpreting virtues and values rooted in faith, especially when these are perceived to be mutually opposed or inconsistent.
Discussion on “Instrumented Difference-in-Differences” by Ye, Ertefaie, Flory, Hennessy, Small
Authors: Tan Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Ye, Ertefaie, Flory, Hennessy, and Small (YEFHS) proposed a new method, instrumented difference-in-differences, for dealing with unmeasured confounding. In this note, I connect and compare assumptions and identifications in instrumental variable (IV) and difference-in-differences (DID) methods with those in YEFHS, derive new identification results, and discuss different choices when extending such results to adjust for covariates.
Evolutionary history and precipitation seasonality shape niche overlap in Neotropical bat–plant pollination networks
Authors: Liévano‐Latorre Luisa Fernanda , Varassin Isabela G. , Zanata Thais B.
Published: November 2022

Species interactions are one dimension of a niche. Niche overlap arises when two species share an interaction partner. In pollination systems, environmental and biotic factors affect niche overlap. Here, we explored the effects of climate seasonality, plant and bat richness, morphological traits, and phylogenetic distance in shaping the niche overlap of Neotropical bat–plant pollination networks. We examined a dataset of 22 bat–plant pollination networks in the Neotropical region. We measured niche overlap in bats and plants with the Morisita‐Horn index (ĈH) and used a SAR model to test the relationships between niche overlap and both abiotic and biotic factors. We found a lower niche overlap among bats in communities composed of phylogenetically distant bat species. Moreover, plant and bat overlap was lower in regions with higher precipitation seasonality. Our results indicate that climate seasonality and bat evolutionary history drive niche overlap in Neotropical bat–plant pollination interactions. These findings suggest that a higher precipitation seasonality promotes the emergence of temporal modules, which reduces niche overlap, likely due to seasonal species phenologies. Furthermore, the method used to record the interactions affects the degree of niche overlap. Interactions recorded with pollen samples tend to have higher niche overlap than direct observations. The responses of morphological traits and phylogenetic distances in bat niche overlap were uncoupled, suggesting an effect of historical processes independent of morphological traits. Our findings reinforce the importance of evolutionary history and ecological processes in imprinting patterns of interaction niche overlap.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material
Coastal resident perceptions of nature‐based adaptation options in Nova Scotia
Authors: Sutton Krysta , Tonge Charlotte , Berglund Lisa , Kerr Gillian , Sherren Kate
Published: November 2022

Climate change risks to coastal communities may overwhelm current management strategies. The emergence of nature‐based solutions could provide alternative approaches for climate adaptation; however, studies on their public acceptability are limited. This research focuses on the human dimensions of nature‐based coastal adaptation solutions. The research sought to understand the kind of environmental changes participants were experiencing in their coastal communities of Nova Scotia and what management responses they observed being taken, if any. Online focus groups were held with coastal property owners in Nova Scotia to understand how they assess coastal risks and four approaches to nature‐based coastal adaptation: living shorelines, accommodation, retreat, and dyke realignment to make space for wetland restoration. Results revealed ongoing trust in traditional hard‐line approaches, but also interest in knowing more about nature‐based options. There was general support for living shorelines, albeit with scepticism; a concern that accommodation is just a “band‐aid” approach; resistance to retreat, despite general recognition of its future utility; and a lack of understanding of dyke realignment. The successful implementation of nature‐based coastal adaptation approaches will require more evidence of their viability, better options for financing them, and engagement with communities around the best‐fit alternatives for them.
Proceed with caution: A reply to The perilous prerogative
Authors: Lagassé Philippe
Published: November 2022

This article provides a reply to Leah West's article The Perilous Prerogative. In this reply, I argue against West's contention that the Canadian military no longer has prerogative authority to conduct foreign signals intelligence. I demonstrate that the Communication Security Establishment Act has not entirely displaced the prerogative for foreign signals intelligence in a military context. Next, I examine West's argument that the Canadian military requires a statutory framework to conduct human intelligence. I conclude that West makes a compelling case, but that Parliament should proceed with caution before granting the military an authority to collect intelligence on Canadian foreign fighters.
Rhodanine derivatives: An insight into the synthetic and medicinal perspectives as antimicrobial and antiviral agents
Authors: Chaurasyia Abhishek , Chawla Pooja , Monga Vikramdeep , Singh Gurpreet
Published: November 2022

Rhodanine or 2‐Thioxothiazolidin‐4‐one is a privileged heterocyclic compound offering a wide opportunity for structural modification, lead development, and modification. It is one of the highly decorated scaffolds in the drug discovery process. Rhodanine derivatives possess a plethora of biological activities due to their ability to interact with a diverse range of protein targets, which provide tremendous opportunities to discover new drugs with different modes of action. The most common strategy for developing novel rhodanine derivatives is the introduction of structurally diverse substituents at the C‐5 or N‐3, or both positions. Since the inception of Epralestat into the market in 1992, the exploration of rhodanine‐3‐acetic acids has led to the development of novel leads against different biological targets such as MRSA, HHV‐6, Mycobacterial tuberculosis, dengue, etc. In the current pandemic era, some rhodanine compounds have been explored against SARS‐CoV‐2. In recent years, rhodanine and its derivatives have witnessed significant progress in developing new drug leads as potential antimicrobial and antiviral agents. Different synthetic methodologies and recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of rhodanine derivatives, including biological activities, their mechanistic aspects, structure–activity relationships, and in silico findings, have been compiled in the present review. This article will benefit the scientific community and offer perspectives on how these scaffolds as privileged structures might be exploited in the future for rational design and discovery of rhodanine‐based bio‐active molecules.
Towards a model for analysing adolescents' reflexivity: Reflectiveness, criticality and boundedness
Authors: Kim Chae‐Young
Published: November 2022

Reflexivity has received relatively little analytic attention in discussions of younger adolescents' agency. Using interview data from a sample of South Korean adolescents, this paper explores whether and how they manifested reflexivity concerning the impacts of socioeconomic inequality on their own occupational prospects. Through combining and adapting existing theorisations, it proposes a heuristic model for analysing adolescents' reflexivity based on three interrelated continua: reflectiveness, criticality and boundedness. It is hoped this model will facilitate a more nuanced understanding of how adolescents' agency is constructed in relation to their developing capacity for reflexivity and the impacts of structural inequalities upon it.
Boardroom racial diversity: Evidence from the Black Lives Matter protests
Authors: Pajuste Anete , Dzabarovs Maksims , Madesovs Romans
Published: November 2022

Research Question/Issue

This paper provides evidence that the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests that followed the killing of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, brought immediate changes to the US corporate boards.

Research Findings/Insights

Using a sample of S&P 500 index companies, we find that companies with higher representation of Black directors are associated with higher stock returns during the mass BLM protests. Within 1 year after the BLM protests, 10.7% of the sample firms hired at least one Black director (compared to having no Black representation on the board before the protests), and 31% of the newly appointed directors were Black. We find that companies typically add new diverse directors by increasing the board size, but there is no evidence of negative value effect or decreasing director quality.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

We have observed increased disclosures of racial equity topics in the proxy statements, as well as significant increase of Black director representation in the boards. In the meantime, we do not find any valuation or stock performance effects related to boardroom racial diversity 1 year after the BLM protests.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Mass protests play an important role in shaping corporate governance responses. The finding that racial diversity can be increased at an unprecedented speed without loss in value is consistent with the view that a boost in boardroom diversity is possible under strong multichannel pressure from investors, consumers, employees, and regulators.
Spectroscopic study of lactonic rhodamine B immobilised on polytetrafluoroethylene porous film
Authors: Yamaguchi Shohei , Umeki Iori , Nagashima Megumi , Yamamoto Daisuke , Ishii Terumitsu , Hashimoto Akira , Matsui Kazunori
Published: November 2022

Rhodamine B (RB) is frequently used in chemical sensors, where the sensing principle depends on its structural changes to lactone (L), zwitterion (Z), and cation (C) forms in response to the local environment. Compared to the Z‐ and C‐forms, stabilising the L‐form in matrices is difficult because of the required low environmental polarity. In this study, we report a simple and easy method to stabilise the L‐form of RB on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene porous film (p‐PTFE), in which the film is dipped in an ethanol solution containing RB and dried. This phenomenon was not observed on polyethylene film and cellulose filter paper in RB solutions. Furthermore, a chemical stability test for colourless RB/p‐PTFE samples was conducted by exposing these samples to a humid environment. The test result indicated that, with an increase in the environmental humidity, the equilibrium shifted from the L‐form to the Z‐form of RB immobilised on the p‐PTFE film.
Porphyromonas gingivalis infection promotes inflammation via inhibition of the AhR signalling pathway in periodontitis
Authors: Hao Ting , Zhang Rui , Zhao Tian , Wu Juan , Leung Wai Keung , Yang Jie , Sun Weibin
Published: November 2022

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a key pathogen of chronic periodontitis. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is essential in immune homeostasis via modulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines production and indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO). In this study, it is demonstrated that P. gingivalis may regulate AhR signalling in periodontitis, which provides a potential target for further immune regulation studies in periodontitis. Experimental periodontitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by silk ligature and P. gingivalis oral inoculation. The alveolar bone resorption was examined using Micro‐CT. Histological structures were observed and related cytokines involved in AhR signalling pathway were analysed. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with AhR agonist (FICZ) and antagonist (CH223191) and infected with P. gingivalis subsequently. The levels of IDO, AhR and other related cytokines were measured. To demonstrate IDO activity, the concentrations of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine (Kyn) were assessed by HPLC. Histological analysis of periodontitis mice showed distinct alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory cell infiltration. The level of AhR and its downstream target factors were significantly decreased in inflamed gingival tissue. Furthermore, RAW 264.7 cells incubated by P. gingivalis exhibited increased pro‐inflammatory cytokines production and decreased AhR, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and IDO expression. Decreased IDO activity was observed as decreased Kyn/Trp ratio in the supernatant. Moreover, FICZ decreased the pro‐inflammatory cytokines levels in P. gingivalis infected cells. It is concluded that P. gingivalis may promote inflammatory responses via inhibiting the AhR signalling pathway in periodontitis.
From Price to Gain: The Evolution of Household Income Volatility and Consumption Insurance in Urban China
Authors: Zhao Da , Guo Jingyuan , Zou Hong , Song Ze
Published: November 2022

This paper exploits a novel and unique opportunity to reveal the evolution of income volatility and consumption insurance from 1992 to 2014 in urban China. We found that (i) the average household experienced a downward trend in income and consumption volatility. Although the global financial crisis in 2008 caused a slight spike, it did not reverse the downward trend. (ii) Households' ability to smooth income shocks improved significantly, and the consumption insurance against permanent (transitory) income shocks increased from 0.6172 (0.8307) to 0.7453 (0.8742) – that is, the transmission of permanent (transitory) income shocks to consumption decreased by 33.46 (25.69) percent from 2004 to 2014. (iii) Welfare analysis indicates that the positive insurance effect counteracted the negative effects of lower economic growth in the 2010–2014 period. Income and consumption volatility, and consumption insurance were heterogeneous across income sources, consumption categories, and various demographic characteristics, which have important implications for understanding China's economic transition.
Risks and Firms' Decision Making on Outward Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis of China's State‐owned Enterprises
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Wu Huan , Li Le
Published: November 2022

This study explored how the risks encountered by Chinese state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) affected their decision‐making on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), using data regarding the relationship between the host countries and China. The following conclusions were drawn. Larger SOEs with fixed capital exhibited a higher probability of conducting OFDI and did so on a larger scale. Various risks in host countries significantly hindered the OFDI of Chinese SOEs. In pursuit of natural resources, Chinese SOEs chose to take risks. The amount of OFDI by SOEs was positively related to the political, economic, and geographical relations between China and the corresponding host country.
‘No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life’: A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years
Authors: Celik Aycan , Sturt Jackie , Temple Aya , Forbes Angus , Forde Rita
Published: November 2022

Aim

To understand the health needs, experiences, and views of women with type 2 diabetes in relation to diabetes, reproductive health experiences, and general wellbeing.

Method

A qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews. Thirty‐six women with type 2 diabetes (median age 37 years; age ranges 20–45 years; median diabetes duration 4.5 years), recruited through social media and charities in the UK (n = 23) and Turkey (n = 13). Video interviews (n = 28) were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Email interviews (n = 8) and transcribed video interviews were analysed using Framework Analysis.

Results

Two overarching themes were identified: (1) Perception of self and identity, (2) type 2 diabetes care is not orientated to women's needs. These themes highlight that living with type 2 diabetes was negatively perceived by the women in terms of their self‐identity and reproductive health. Women reported that the diabetes care provided was often not appropriate or relevant to their health needs, and neglected issues of relevance to them. The women voiced ideas for enhancing current care to reflect their health needs, in particular the need for more emotional and peer‐based support.

Conclusion

Living with type 2 diabetes may negatively impact how women view themselves and how they relate to the roles they identify with such as, as a partner, mother, colleague. Current healthcare systems are not orientated to the specific needs of younger women with type 2 diabetes with limited opportunities to target their diabetes care around their health and wellbeing concerns and interests.
Vulnerable plaque of the petrous internal carotid artery in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Tao Lin , Wang Yi‐Han , Shang Zi‐Yang , Yang Ben‐Qiang , Chen Hui‐Sheng
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

The association between nonstenotic plaque at the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) and embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) remains unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the presence of a larger build‐up of petrous plaque is more prevalent in the ipsilateral versus the contralateral side among ESUS patients without plaque in the intracranial and proximal ICA.

Methods

From a total of 243 patients with ESUS and 160 patients with small‐vessel disease (SVD) without proximal ICA plaque, we enrolled 88 ESUS and 103 SVD patients without ipsilateral nonstenotic intracranial and proximal ICA plaque in the present study. Targeting the petrous segment of the ICA on two sides, plaque burden including plaque thickness, lumen area, vessel area, wall area, and percentage of luminal stenosis, and composition features (presence/absence of the ruptured fibrous cap, ulcer plaque, thrombus, discontinuity of plaque surface [DPS], intraplaque hemorrhage and complicated plaque) were assessed by high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

We found a higher prevalence of petrous plaque thickness ≥3.5 mm ipsilateral versus contralateral to the stroke (25/88 [28.4%] vs. 12/88 [13.6%], odds ratio [OR] 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–9.70), but this imbalance was not seen in SVD. In patients with plaque thickness ≥3.5 mm, the presence of DPS (OR 4.05, 95% CI 1.11–14.78) and complicated plaque (OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.10–22.82) was more closely related to an index ESUS, a finding that was not evident in the subgroup with petrous plaque <3.5 mm (p for interaction = 0.027).

Conclusions

The present study provided the first evidence supporting a potential etiological role of vulnerable petrous plaque in ESUS.
Colour, physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive component quality analysis of peppers in Guizhou
Authors: Xu Zhaona , Zhong Dingjiang , Wang Jiaying , Mei Qi , Wu Quanye , Qin Likang , Zeng Haiying
Published: November 2022

With the development of the pepper industry and the increasing number of people who prefer spicy peppers, consumers' demands for high‐quality peppers have increased. Nine pepper cultivars from Guizhou province, China were collected and their colour, physicochemical and microbiological indices and bioactive components were analysed and evaluated. Six phenolic compounds and eight carotenoids were determined using HPLC and UPLC, respectively. The nine peppers showed significant colour variability and could be divided into two main categories, red and yellow. In addition, the peppers also differed in physicochemical and microbiological indicators. The capsaicin content ranged from 0.35 mg/g for X63 to 1.64 mg/g for the SH variety. In terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and vitamin C (VC) content, SH was the highest, followed by HMPC‐20 and X63 cultivars. Catechin and capsanthin were the main phenolic compounds and carotenoids with levels of 192.21–384.73 μg/g and 42.88–69.94 μg/g, respectively. Overall, SH pepper was significantly better than the other eight samples. This study provides guidance and reference for the selection of optimal pepper raw materials for in‐depth development in the future.
Comparison of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy with soft coagulation and double‐layer technique for complex and non‐complex tumors
Authors: Shiozaki Keito , Izumi Kazuyoshi , Sasaki Yutaro , Kusuhara Yoshito , Fukawa Tomoya , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Izaki Hirofumi , Takahashi Masayuki , Kawanishi Yasuo , Kanayama Hiroomi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To compare the postoperative outcomes of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy when only the inner layer is sutured (single‐layer technique with soft coagulation) with those when sutures are placed in the inner and outer layers (double‐layer technique) in patients with and without complex renal tumors.

Methods

This retrospective three‐institution study included 371 patients with renal tumors who underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy with a double‐layer technique or a single‐layer technique with soft coagulation. Tumors that were cT1b, completely embedded, located in the renal portal, or had a RENAL score of ≥10 were considered complex. Relevant data were collected from hospital records. Propensity score matching was performed to minimize selection bias.

Results

Propensity score matching created 83 patient pairs with non‐complex tumors and 32 with complex tumors. Regardless of tumor complexity, there was no significant difference in operation time, console time, warm ischemia time, positive surgical margin rate, or length of hospital stay between the double‐layer and single‐layer groups. Although Clavien–Dindo grade I–II urinomas not requiring intervention were significantly more common in the single‐layer group regardless of tumor complexity, there was no significant between‐group difference in the rate of decline in renal function or grade III–IV complications.

Conclusion

Single‐layer suturing with soft coagulation achieves renal function and perioperative outcomes comparable to those of double‐layer suturing regardless of complexity.
Fabrication and properties of multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG laser ceramics
Authors: Tian Feng , Jiang Nan , Liu Yang , Chen Haohong , Xie Tengfei , Hreniak Dariusz , Li Jiang
Published: November 2022

In order to fully pump and smoothen the temperature gradient of the gain medium, multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG laser ceramics were designed. The composite green bodies were fabricated by tape casting, and multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG ceramics with high optical quality were prepared by vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing. For samples pre‐sintered at 1740°C for 30 h and then HIP‐ed at 1700°C for 3 h in argon at 200 MPa, the in‐line transmission values at 1100 nm of YAG, 0.6 at.%Yb:YAG, and 1.5 at.%Yb:YAG ceramics were found to be 83.9%, 84.1%, and 83.3%, respectively. Finally, the 940 nm laser diode was used as the pump source to realize the 1030 nm laser output of multistage gradient doping Yb:YAG ceramic slab with a total energy of 3.43 J. The corresponding optical‐to‐optical conversion and slope efficiencies were 30% and 45%.
Outcome measures for economic evaluations and cost‐effectiveness analyses of interventions for people with intellectual disabilities: A methodological systematic review
Authors: Benedetto Valerio , Filipe Luís , Harris Catherine , Tahir Naheed , Doherty Alison , Clegg Andrew
Published: November 2022

Background

Mainstream economic evaluations methods may not be appropriate to capture the range of effects triggered by interventions for people with intellectual disabilities. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify, assess and synthesise the arguments in the literature on how the effects of interventions for people with intellectual disabilities could be measured in economic evaluations.

Method

We searched for studies providing relevant arguments by running multi‐database, backward, forward citation and grey literature searches. Following title/abstract and full‐text screening, the arguments extracted from the included studies were summarised and qualitatively assessed in a narrative synthesis.

Results

Our final analysis included three studies, with their arguments summarised in different methodological areas.

Conclusions

Based on the evidence, we suggest the use of techniques more attuned to the population with intellectual disabilities, such sensitive preference‐based instruments to collect health states data, and mapping algorithms to obtain utility values.
Same‐day discharge following catheter ablation and venous closure with VASCADE MVP: A postmarket registry
Authors: Eldadah Zayd A. , Al‐Ahmad Amin , Bunch T. Jared , Delurgio David B. , Doshi Rahul N. , Hook Bruce G. , Hranitzky Patrick M. , Joyner Charles A. , Mittal Suneet , Porterfield Christopher , Sanchez Javier E. , Thambidorai Senthil K. , Wazni Oussama M. , McElderry H. Thomas
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Early and safe ambulation can facilitate same‐day discharge (SDD) following catheter ablation, which can reduce resource utilization and healthcare costs and improve patient satisfaction. This study evaluated procedure success and safety of the VASCADE MVP venous vascular closure system in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

The AMBULATE SDD Registry is a two‐stage series of postmarket studies in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF undergoing catheter ablation followed by femoral venous access‐site closure with VASCADE MVP. Efficacy endpoints included SDD success, defined as the proportion of patients discharged the same day who did not require next‐day hospital intervention for procedure/access site–related complications, and access site sustained success within 15 days of the procedure.

Results

Overall, 354 patients were included in the pooled study population, 151 (42.7%) treated for paroxysmal AF and 203 (57.3%) for persistent AF. SDD was achieved in 323 patients (91.2%) and, of these, 320 (99.1%) did not require subsequent hospital intervention based on all study performance outcomes. Nearly all patients (350 of 354; 98.9%) achieved total study success, with no subsequent hospital intervention required. No major access‐site complications were recorded. Patients who had SDD were more likely to report procedure satisfaction than patients who stayed overnight.

Conclusion

In this study, 99.7% of patients achieving SDD required no additional hospital intervention for access site–related complications during follow‐up. SDD appears feasible and safe for eligible patients after catheter ablation for paroxysmal or persistent AF in which the VASCADE MVP is used for venous access‐site closure.
The Early Care Model for Initiation of Perinatal Care: “I Actually Felt Listened To”
Authors: Augur Michele , Ellis Simon Adriane , Moon Juniper
Published: November 2022

Early access to prenatal care is a crucial component in reducing poor perinatal outcomes. Institutional barriers such as insurance enrollment, clinic wait times, and systemic racism dramatically influence perinatal care engagement. The Early Care model seeks to address these barriers through a collaborative care model with licensed midwives and certified nurse‐midwives. In contrast to traditional models of prenatal care in which the first visit is deferred until gestational age allows for a dating ultrasound, the Early Care model allows for care to be initiated at any gestation. Patients are offered accessible telehealth early pregnancy appointments for thorough assessment of clinical and social needs to better meet each person's unique and diverse experiences. Patients can receive timely referrals for emergent clinical and social needs, as well as education about all care options. This model promotes improved outcomes and decreased disparities, as well as broader awareness of midwifery care. This article provides an overview of the Early Care model experience.
Effects of symptom clusters on quality of life mediated by self‐efficacy among individuals with myasthenia gravis: A structural equation modelling analysis
Authors: Shen Fan , Huang Hai‐Shan , Li Ling
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives

To determine whether self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between Symptom Clusters (SC) and quality of life (QOL) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).

Background

The QOL in patients with MG can be affected not only by the SC but the self‐efficacy in previous studies, while the latter may also be contributed by the former. However, it is still unclear whether self‐efficacy mediates the relationship between SC and QOL in patients with MG.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in patients with MG who were recruited from our institution from October 2021 to March 2022, which was reported in line with the STROBE guidelines.

Methods

The hypothetical model was tested and all the effects of SC and self‐efficacy on QOL were estimated based on structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis after conducting a confirmatory factor analysis of the scales in a separate cohort.

Results

Three scales for symptoms (four summated items), self‐efficacy (four plus one parcelled item) and MG‐QOL (three summated items) were validated according to the confirmatory factor analysis in 72 patients. An SEM analysis of another 310 participants revealed that SC exerted significant direct effects on QOL and self‐efficacy, with values of .585 and −.293, respectively, and self‐efficacy also had a significant effect on QOL (−.141). The indirect effect of SC on QOL via self‐efficacy was .041, accounting for 6.6% of the overall effect. Male and female patients did not differ in the direct and indirect effects of symptoms on QOL.

Conclusions

This study suggests that, although self‐efficacy partially mediates the relationship between SC and QOL in patients with MG, worsening of symptoms remains the leading contributor to the decreased QOL.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

These results may provide a potential clue for doctors, nurses, and other caregivers to optimise treatment strategies for targeted patients with MG.

Patient or Public Contribution

Involved in developing and answering research questions, management and conduct.
Factors affecting acceptance of organ donation in mainland China: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zheng Xutong , Chen Tianle , Li Yiqi , Wang Yinlin , Chen Jiaxi , Ye Xinxin , Zhang Xun , Wang Yujia , Ming Wai‐Kit , Sun Xinying , Xiang Ze , Wu Yibo , Wu Jian
Published: November 2022

Aims and Objectives

To explore the acceptances and associated influences of organ donation in mainland China.

Background

The shortage of organ donors has limited the development of organ transplantation in China. It is important to recognise the target population who has high intention to donate their organs may change the status.

Design

We conducted a cross‐sectional, multi‐stage sampling study collected demographic data and individuals' willingness to accept organ donation.

Methods

A stepwise linear regression analysis was adopted to evaluate the factors related to the attitudes toward organ donation.

Results

We collected 11,031 valid samples for the survey. The willingness to donate organs among Chinese residents averaged 56.93 points. To be specific, males (β = −.03), religious believers (β = −.01) and parents with a different number of children (all: β = −.04) are less willing to donate their organs. Respondents who live in an urban area (β = .03), have higher education level (High school or junior college β = .04, Bachelor degree or above β = .09), feel anxious (mild, moderate β = .02), feel pressured (moderate, severe β = .08), have higher scores of the Short‐Form Health Literacy Instrument (HLS‐SF12) (β = .31), The Self‐Management Scale (SHMS) (β = .16), EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ‐5D) (β = .04) and EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ‐VAS) (β = .24), are more positive to donate.

Conclusions

This study firstly discusses the public acceptance of organ donation through a nationwide sample around China. In this study, we discovered that Chinese residents' acceptance level of organ donation and that gender, house, anxiety, pressure, social support and health literacy were the main influencing factors on residents' attitudes.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

To figure out the Chinese public acceptance and its influencing factors of organ donation can help nurse transplant coordinators to recognise the target population and the obstacles of organ donation.

Patient or Public Contribution

At the phase of collecting data, participants were recruited to fill the questionnaires.
The effects of institutional investors on firms' green innovation
Authors: Zhao Jianyu , Qu Jing , Wei Jiang , Yin Hang , Xi Xi
Published: November 2022

Stakeholder theory suggests that institutional investors, as firms' vital stakeholders, might play a crucial role in influencing firms' green innovation. Considering both the shareholding and portfolio characteristics of institutional investors, we investigate the effects of different types of institutional investors with various supervisory motivations and governance capabilities on firms' green innovation. Importantly, we also explore which types of institutional investors become the driving force behind firms' green innovation. Furthermore, we consider how various aspects of financial and social benefits as contingencies affect the relationship between different types of institutional investors and firms' green innovation. Based on 5473 observations of Chinese manufacturing firms from 2013 to 2019, we find that, when considering institutional investors' effects on firms' green innovation, it is better to simultaneously consider both the shareholding and portfolio characteristics of institutional investors than to consider only one or the other. Dedicated institutional investors with more shareholding independence and higher portfolio concentration are positively associated with green innovation and are the driving force behind it, while transient institutional investors are not. However, institutional investors' effects on green innovation will change because of contingencies related to firms' financial and social benefits, generally presenting the characteristics of “pursuing benefits and avoiding risks.” Specifically, dedicated institutional investors promote green innovation for firms with satisfactory financial and social benefits to pursue long‐term benefits but do not have significant effects on the green innovation of firms with general or unsatisfactory financial and social benefits. By contrast, transient institutional investors are inclined to hinder green innovation for firms with unsatisfactory financial and social benefits to avoid short‐term risks; at the same time, they have insignificant effects on the green innovation of firms with satisfactory or general financial and social benefits.