bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Impact of Obesity on Postoperative Outcomes of Patients With Thyroid Cancer Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A 5‐Year Retrospective Analysis From the US National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Chen Yue , Jin Jiewen , Zhang Pengyuan , Ye Runyi , Zeng Chuimian , Zhang Yilin , Chen Junxin , Li Hai , Xiao Haipeng , Li Yanbing , Guan Hongyu
Published: October 2024

Background

The clinical impact of obesity on postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing thyroidectomy remains controversial.

Methods

Patients aged ≥ 18 years who were diagnosed with thyroid malignancy and underwent thyroidectomy between 2016 and 2020 were included, and divided into two groups: patients with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2 and those with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Patients in the obese group were then subdivided into four groups: Group 1 (BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2), Group 2 (BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2), Group 3 (BMI 40.0–44.9 kg/m2), and Group 4 (BMI ≥ 45.0 kg/m2) to evaluate the association between degree of obesity and clinical outcomes. We performed propensity score matching, compared outcome variables between the groups, and conducted adjusted multivariate logistic regression analyses of postoperative outcomes.

Results

A total of 6778 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer who underwent thyroidectomy were screened, of whom 1299 (19.2%) patients were obese. Patients in the obese group had higher total hospital charges (p < 0.001) and an increased risk of overall postoperative complications (34.7% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.023). Specifically, patients in the obese group had increased odds of respiratory complication (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.26–2.19]), acute renal failure (aOR 1.87, 95% CI [1.13–3.09]), and wound complication (aOR 2.77, 95% CI [1.21–6.37]) than those in the non‐obese group. Moreover, trend tests showed that the risks of unfavorable discharge, infection, acute renal failure, and respiratory complication all exhibited an upward trend with increased BMI.

Conclusion

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications in patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy. This finding suggests that obese patients should be treated with more caution during postoperative recovery.
Synthesis of Contorted Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds via Alkyne Benzannulation on Zigzag‐Edged Dibenzochrysene Derivatives
Authors: Darvish Ali , Lirette Frédéric , Fernández Israel , Morin Jean‐François
Published: October 2024

Organic dyes are interesting building blocks for the preparation of organic semiconductors as they possess synthetic handles that can be used to functionalize them and, consequently, change their electronic properties. However, reactions to extend their π‐conjugated framework through ring annulation have only been scarcely tested. Herein, we report the use of alkyne benzannulation on 2,8‐dibromo‐dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene (vat orange 3) and 2,9‐dibromo‐dibenzo[b,def]chrysene (vat orange 1) to extend the conjugation and reduce their bandgap. Unexpectedly, the ring closure reaction takes place at the most sterically hindered positions (peri to the substituent) to yield contorted polycyclic compounds. More surprisingly, both TIPS‐acetylene‐functionalized derivatives underwent a tandem dearomative spirocyclization to form bent polycyclic compounds. Absorption spectroscopy reveals that ring annulation on both 2,9‐dibromo‐dibenzo[b,def]chrysene and 2,8‐dibromo‐dibenzo[def,mno]chrysene resulted in a decrease of 0.38 and 0.12 eV in bandgap values, respectively, despite inducing a contorted conformation.
Microfluidic solvent extraction of phenol from wastewater containing phenolic compounds in a circle capillary microreactor
Authors: Qi Yabing , Zeng Jinlian , Wang Kangkang
Published: October 2024

The effects of micro‐mixer pattern, volumetric flow ratio, capillary length, inner diameter of capillary, residence time, and phenol concentration on phenol microfluidic extraction were investigated. The results indicated that the extraction performances of phenol with Y‐shape joint were higher than that with T‐shape joint. The smaller inner diameter of capillary could improve extraction performances of phenol. The phenol concentration of the inlet in aqueous phase had slight influence on phenol microfluidic extraction. The inner diameter of capillary of 1.0 mm, volumetric flow ratio of 1:1, capillary length of 2 m, and residence time of 88.3 s were more suitable for extraction of phenol. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient of phenol reached 0.0036 s−1 at residence time of 8.8 s. The extraction efficiency of phenol realized 99% at residence time of 23.6 s. The extraction of phenol from aqueous solution depended on intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonds between MIBK and phenol.
Implementation of social responsibility in digital transformation: An opportunity or a challenge to corporate innovation performance
Authors: Zhang Guanglei , Xie Qi , Gao Huangting , Lu Jintao , Cucari Nicola
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in either facilitating or hindering the innovation performance of high‐tech enterprises undergoing digital transformation. By empirically analyzing data from 11,107 high‐tech enterprises listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges between 2007 and 2020, the research aims to clarify the impact of CSR on corporate innovation. The results show a positive correlation between digital transformation and firm innovation performance. In addition, the study identifies a significant mediating effect of research and development (R&D) investment intensity, suggesting that increased R&D investment enhances the benefits of digital transformation. However, it also finds that CSR implementation negatively moderates this relationship, suggesting that an excessive focus on CSR can be economically burdensome and potentially detrimental to innovation efforts. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital transformation, R&D investment, and CSR in high‐tech firms.
Value‐enhancing drivers of corporate governance in improving human rights due diligence: Worldwide evidence
Authors: Torelli Riccardo , Fiandrino Simona , Scarpa Francesco
Published: October 2024

The study aims to investigate the role of corporate governance in driving effective human rights due diligence (HRDD) practises. The study tests the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on HRDD on an international sample of 509 listed companies operating in high‐risk sectors included in the Corporate Human Rights Benchmark. Our findings show the positive effect of corporate governance on HRDD, suggesting that committed corporate governance, especially sustainability committee and board diversity, improves the effectiveness of HRDD carried out by companies. Our study contributes to the literature by providing insights into enhancement‐based drivers of corporate governance, which positively impact HRDD. This research also has practical implications for companies because it can help them enhance their HRDD by establishing a sustainability committee or supporting gender diversity within the board. This research addresses social and policy implications considering the European directive on corporate sustainability due diligence directive (CSDDD), which mandates HRDD for large EU and non‐EU companies.
Corporate social responsibility and climate change mitigation: Discovering the interaction role of green audit and sustainability committee
Authors: Mohy‐ud‐Din Kamran , Shahbaz Muhammad , Du Anna Min
Published: October 2024

This study explores the role of corporate social responsibility in bolstering firm resilience amid the escalating threats of climate change and climate policy uncertainties. Specifically, it assesses whether corporate social responsibility initiatives can act as strategic buffers enhancing corporate sustainability. The research utilizes a panel dataset comprising annual observations from 451 US‐based firms over the period 2012 to 2023, yielding a total of 5412 firm‐year observations. Our findings indicate that corporate social responsibility potentially reduces the detrimental effects of climate change and policy uncertainty. Furthermore, the study examines the interaction effects between sustainability committees and green audits on the efficacy of corporate social responsibility. Our results reveal that sustainability committees significantly strengthen the nexus between corporate social responsibility investments and effective climate change mitigation strategies, while green audits enhance firm capabilities to navigate climate policy uncertainties. Collectively, these findings suggest that robust corporate social responsibility practices contribute to corporate value creation in the face of climate‐related challenges.
Understanding the Effects of Manufacturing Attributes on Damage Tolerance of Additively Manufactured Parts and Exploring Synergy Among Process‐Structure‐Properties. A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Uddin Zia , Butt Muhammad Muteeb , Kvvssn Varma , Salamci Metin U. , Kizil Hüseyin
Published: October 2024

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized the production industry by offering design freedom with shorter lead times and reduced material wastage. However, the damage tolerance (DT) of AM parts is a significant concern due to their microstructural and geometric complexities, which affect their mechanical performance. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the manufacturing parameters affecting the components produced by AM specifically selective laser melting (SLM). Detailed discussions are presented on the effects of manufacturing attributes on the microstructure, defects, and mechanical characteristics of AM parts. Depending on these aspects, basic concepts are studied and critically explained specifically for AM materials. The basic criterion for damage‐tolerant component design, the criterion for fatigue and fracture properties, and the effect of the defects on fatigue life are critically presented. In addition, the effect of different types of gradation on the crack growth behavior of samples processed by SLM is also investigated in depth. There is currently a lack of a specific review study in the literature that establishes a connection between process attributes and metallographic properties, and their impact on the damage behavior of additively manufactured parts. This gap in research highlights the need for a comprehensive review to bridge this knowledge deficit and provide valuable insights for understanding the relationships between manufacturing processes, material characteristics, and the structural integrity of additively manufactured components. This review concludes by addressing the challenges and opportunities in designing and qualifying AM parts for damage tolerance.
Roadmap for rebuilding the health system and scenarios of crisis path in Gaza
Authors: Alkhaldi Mohammed , Alrubaie Malak
Published: October 2024

The horrific attacks on Gaza have had a profound impact on Gaza's health system, culminating in a multidimensional crisis. The deliberate destruction of vital infrastructure, such as hospitals, schools, housing, and public facilities, coupled with the deaths and injuries of medical personnel and support workers has only exacerbated the situation and further highlighted the existing gaps. This unprecedented catastrophe proves the criticality of adopting a new national inclusive integrated approach to meeting the immediate and long‐term needs of the population. In this perspective, we explore the recovery roadmap features for rebuilding the health system in Gaza, specifically focusing on determining the primary challenges that might emerge, the trajectory of recovery, and the expected crisis scenarios. The existing evidence and perspectives of key stakeholders, including state and non‐state health authorities in Palestine were synthesised. Despite some local and international initiatives undertaken to generate a concrete road to recovery, there remains a need for realistic, innovative, and comprehensive Marshall plans to rebuild Gaza's health system. The article draws on insights and gaps in current efforts and underscores the urgent need to address the challenges of rebuilding the health system. The authors strive to offer an inclusive and realistic path with the potential scenarios toward recovery and resilience considering the mass levels of loss and damage, and ways to move forward for building back a resilient health system in Gaza.
Management and clinical outcome of myocardial infarction in Kosovo: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Batalli Arlind , Henein Michael , Poniku Afrim , Ibrahimi Pranvera , Pllana‐Pruthi Edita , Elezi Shpend , Shatri Faik , Abdyli Genc , Bajraktari Artan , Karahoda Rona , Selmani Hamza , Bytyçi Ibadete , Bajraktari Gani
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, irrespective of its presentation as non‐ST‐segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) or ST‐segment elevation MI (STEMI). The objective of this study was to assess national results of management and clinical outcome of acute MI patients in Kosovo.

Methods

This cross‐sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Clinic of Cardiology of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, in Prishtina, included all patients hospitalized with acute MI over a period of 7 years (2014‐2020). The primary outcome of the study was in‐hospital mortality.

Results

Among 7353 admitted patients with acute MI (mean age 63 ± 12 years, 29% female) and according to the final diagnosis, 4436 (59.4%) patients had STEMI, and 2987 (40.6%) NSTEMI. More patients with STEMI received primary percutaneous intervention (PPCI) than those with NSTEMI (50% vs. 41%, p < 0.001). In‐hospital mortality was higher in no PPCI patients compared to PPCI both in NSTEMI (10.7% vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001) and STEMI (20.9% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.001). Age ≥65 years [0.399 (0.267–0.597), p ˂ 0.001], hemoglobin level [0.889 (0.815–0.970), p = 0.008], STEMI [0.491 (0.343–0.704), p ˂ 0.001], lack of PPCI [2.636 (1.798–3.866), p ˂ 0.001], cardiogenic shock [0.002 (0.001–0.006), p < 0.001], reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) [0.966 (0.951–0.980), p < 0.001], and heart rate at admission [1.009 (1.000–1.017), p = 0.047], independently predicted mortality. In STEMI, cardiogenic shock (p ˂ 0.001), lack of PPCI (p = 0.006), female gender (p = 0.01), and low LV EF (p = 0.04) predicted mortality but age ≥65 years (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.02), low LV EF (p = 0.007), and low hemoglobin (p = 0.04) predicted mortality in NSTEMI.

Conclusion

Between 2014 and 2020, half of patients with acute MI were not treated with PPCI, who had high mortality, particularly when presenting with STEMI. Age, cardiogenic shock, anemia, low LV EF, STEMI and no PPCI independently predicted mortality. Cardiogenic shock and lack of PPCI independently predicted mortality, only in STEMI.
Dengue fever in hyperglycemic patients: an emerging public health concern demanding eyes on the effective management strategies
Authors: Shawon Shandipon Roy , Hamid Mohammad Khaled Iqbal , Ahmed Hossain , Khan Sakif Ahamed , Dewan Syed Masudur Rahman
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Hyperglycemia, also known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream. It can lead to the prolonged dysfunction, injury, and deterioration of several organs. In addition, dengue is a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes that has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. In this article, we focused on the severity of comorbidities, difficulties in managing them, and preventive measures meant to lessen the risks associated with comorbidities in diabetic patients with dengue infection.

Methods

We explored a number of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, for this review article using various related keywords.

Results

The findings of this review article indicate that elderly dengue patients with diabetes should be admitted to the hospital for close observation and early management using fluid therapy. An observed association exists between dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and diabetes, indicating a possible consequence in this specific group. Additionally, patients with diabetes who contract dengue show elevated levels of inflammatory markers. Diabetes mellitus deteriorates the immune system, which exacerbates the progression of dengue fever. Cutting‐edge technology and scientific research may assist in addressing the challenges that diabetes and dengue viruses pose in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Implementing innovative diabetic care management is essential to ensuring consistency of care, improving a healthy lifestyle, and lowering patient risk factors and comorbidities.

Conclusion

Dengue fever has spread to epidemic levels throughout the world. Inflammatory markers increase and the prevalence of DHF is greater in diabetes individuals with dengue infection. Given the continued growth of dengue in Asian nations, it is imperative that we concentrate our efforts and resources on providing more precise and effective treatment for this emerging issue.
Interactions between sleep, inflammation, immunity and infections: A narrative review
Authors: Feuth Thijs
Published: October 2024

Background

Over the past decades, it has become increasingly evident that sleep disturbance contributes to inflammation‐mediated disease, including depression, mainly through activation of the innate immune system and to an increased risk of infections.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed to identify relevant research findings in the field of immunity, inflammation and infections, with a focus on translational research findings from the past 5 years.

Results

Physiological sleep is characterized by a dynamic interplay between the immune system and sleep architecture, marked by increased innate immunity and T helper 1 (Th1) ‐mediated inflammation in the early phase, transitioning to a T helper 2 (Th2) response dominating in late sleep. Chronic sleep disturbances are associated with enhanced inflammation and an elevated risk of infections, while other inflammatory diseases may also be affected. Conversely, inflammation in response to infection can also disrupt sleep patterns and architecture. This narrative review summarizes current data on the complex relationships between sleep, immunity, inflammation and infections, while highlighting translational aspects. The bidirectional nature of these interactions are addressed within specific conditions such as sleep apnea, HIV, and other infections. Furthermore, technical developments with the potential to accelerate our understanding of these interactions are identified, including advances in wearable devices, artificial intelligence, and omics technology. By integrating these tools, novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for sleep‐related immune dysregulation may be identified.

Conclusion

The review underscores the importance of understanding and addressing immune imbalance related to sleep disturbances to improve disease outcomes.
Efficacy and Safety of SGLT‐2 Inhibitors in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Asham Hila , Ghaffari Samad , Taban‐Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Entezari‐Maleki Taher
Published: October 2024

Since there is no specific recommendation of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction (MI), this systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to address this lack of evidence. Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception until May 30, 2024. We used both random and fixed‐effects models for data analyses. Odds ratio (OR) and standard means difference (SMD) were performed for binary and continuous variables, respectively. Nine studies including five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and four observational studies including 15,595 individuals with acute MI were entered. Overall, SGLT‐2 inhibitors are significantly associated with a reduction of hospitalization for heart failure (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.97; P =  .02; I2 = 0%) and all‐cause mortality (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.81; P =  .002; I2 = 0%) based on the RCTs and observational studies, respectively. SGLT‐2 inhibitors also significantly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (SMD, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.70; P =  .04; I2 = 62%) among RCTs. Further evaluation of these drugs also revealed an acceptable safety profile without any major adverse events. In conclusion, although SGLT‐2 inhibitors may have some clinical benefits among acute MI individuals, further RCTs are still needed to provide robust evidence regarding the use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors in this setting.
Efficacy of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in pediatric‐onset inflammatory bowel disease: A real‐world multicenter study
Authors: Rébus Soleynne , Coopman Stéphanie , Djeddi Djamal , Vanrenterghem Audrey , Dupont Claire , Lacotte Edouard , Ley Delphine
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Vedolizumab and ustekinumab are effective in inducing and maintaining corticosteroid‐free clinical remission (CFR) in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study describes the efficacy and safety of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in pediatric IBD.

Methods

All patients ≤18 years of age with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) treated with vedolizumab or ustekinumab in three centers in Northern France were followed retrospectively. The primary outcome was CFR at Week 14 (W14).

Results

Twenty‐five patients (9 CD, 16 UC) and 33 patients (28 CD, 5 UC) were started on vedolizumab and ustekinumab respectively between 2016 and 2021. All were previously treated with antitumor necrosis factor (TNF). The median time from diagnosis to treatment initiation was 21.0 (12.0–44.0) and 42.0 (22.0–73.5) months for vedolizumab and ustekinumab, respectively. Among vedolizumab‐treated patients, 36% were in CFR at W14, including 22% in CD and 44% in UC. At W52, 56% were in CFR, including 33% in CD and 69% in UC. Among ustekinumab‐treated patients, 49% were in CFR at W14, including 54% in CD and 20% in UC. At W52, 55% were in CFR, including 57% in CD and 40% in UC. There was a significant increase in median growth velocity between W0 and W52 of +2 SD in vedolizumab‐treated patients (p = 0.0002). Four adverse events were reported during vedolizumab treatment, none for ustekinumab‐treated patients.

Conclusions

Vedolizumab and ustekinumab appear to be effective in inducing and maintaining CFR in pediatric‐onset IBD. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
Engaging Beyond Academia: A Call to Act for Environmental Scientists
Authors: Graham Olivia J. , Griffiths Laura , Münzner Karla , Selak Lorena , Barbosa Carolina C. , Cai Xun , Ogashawara Igor , Sun Xinyu , Thellman Audrey
Published: October 2024

The future of our planet relies on scientists' ability to effectively translate knowledge into action, and researchers have an imperative commitment to leverage their understanding. As aquatic early career researchers (ECRs), we draw upon personal experiences to share our learnings about how individuals can drive change. We showcase diverse approaches for ECRs to create meaningful impacts by connecting with other researchers, broader society, and decision‐makers. At the same time, institutional challenges inhibit scientific engagement beyond academia, particularly for ECRs. Such barriers include (1) lack of value and support for engagement activities, (2) limited training opportunities, (3) research siloes, and (4) rigid funding structures. We offer potential systemic solutions, from developing and adopting new performance metrics for academic researchers to enhanced flexibility with grant timelines and spending. Academic systems need to change and so does the way scientists engage. Our future depends on it.
Atomic characteristics of heterogeneous nucleation during solidification of aluminum alloys: A critical review
Authors: Hao Wenshuo , Ma Sida , Dong Zihui , Hu Yaowen , Wang Lijun , Chen Hao , Xu Qingyan , Dong Hongbiao
Published: October 2024

Solidification is a critical process in the manufacturing of metals and alloys, with nucleation being the initial stage that determines the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. Among various nucleation methods, heterogeneous nucleation is particularly effective in controlling the solidified structure and properties. However, the underlying mechanisms and atomic characteristics of heterogeneous nucleation remain a topic of debate. This paper reviews recent advancements and the current state of research on heterogeneous nucleation during the solidification of aluminum alloys. It focuses on three key areas: the methods and mechanisms for influencing heterogeneous nucleation, existing theories on the subject, and recent experimental and modeling studies on the effect of atomic‐scale interactions at the solid/liquid interface on nucleation. The paper also addresses the ongoing challenges and future directions, highlighting the importance of atomic‐scale experimental characterization, the validity and reliability of atomic‐scale simulations, the role of the pre‐nucleation layer at the solid/liquid interface, and the impact of solute elements on the formation of the pre‐nucleation layer.
Comparing the Outcomes of Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm and Fibula Free Flaps in the Reconstruction of Mandibular Osteoradionecrosis
Authors: Al Afif Ayham , Peña‐Garcia Alex , Thomas Carissa M. , Kain Joshua J. , Grayson Jessica W. , Tipirneni Kiranya E. , Moore Lindsay S. , Jeyarajan Hari , Sweeny Larissa , Clemons Lisa , Rosenthal Eben L. , Greene Benjamin J.
Published: October 2024

Background

This study compares the outcomes of osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OC‐RFFF) and fibula free flap (FFF) reconstruction of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).

Methods

Retrospective review of patients undergoing OC‐RFFF/FFF reconstruction for mandible ORN between 2005 and 2020 at a tertiary center. Patient characteristics, postoperative complications, and functional outcomes were evaluated using chi‐squared and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Fifty‐six patients were included (OC‐RFFF: 38; FFF: 18). Significantly more OC‐RFFF patients had lateral mandible defects (94% vs. 61%, p = 0.0014). There were significantly more patients with exposed intraoral bone in the OC‐RFFF group (23% vs. 0% p = 0.02), but no significant differences in hardware complications or flap failure. Donor site partial skin graft loss was more common in the FFF group (22% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.016), but no other significant differences in donor site morbidity were seen. Bivariable analysis showed no impact of flap type, tobacco/alcohol use, diabetes, or hypothyroidism on postoperative complications. Sixty percent of OC‐RFFF, and 67% of FFF, patients resumed an oral diet after surgery. Oral diet was not impacted by flap type (OR = 0.769, 95% CI = 0.201–2.706, p = 0.688).

Conclusion

The OC‐RFFF is an acceptable option in the reconstruction of ORN involving the lateral mandible, though there is increased risk of bone exposure. These findings can help guide surgeon selection of microvascular free flap donor sites and appropriate patient counseling.
RF coil design strategies for improving SNR at the ultrahigh magnetic field of 10.5T
Authors: Waks Matt , Lagore Russell L. , Auerbach Edward , Grant Andrea , Sadeghi‐Tarakameh Alireza , DelaBarre Lance , Jungst Steve , Tavaf Nader , Lattanzi Riccardo , Giannakopoulos Ilias , Moeller Steen , Wu Xiaoping , Yacoub Essa , Vizioli Luca , Schmidt Simon , Metzger Gregory J. , Eryaman Yigitcan , Adriany Gregor , Uğurbil Kamil
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Toward pushing the boundaries of ultrahigh fields for human brain imaging, we wish to evaluate experimentally achievable SNR relative to ultimate intrinsic SNR (uiSNR) at 10.5T, develop design strategies toward approaching the latter, quantify magnetic field–dependent SNR gains, and demonstrate the feasibility of whole‐brain, high‐resolution human brain imaging at this uniquely high field strength.

Methods

A dual row 16‐channel self‐decoupled transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) array was developed for 10.5T using custom Tx/Rx switches. A 64‐channel receive‐only array was built to fit into the 16‐channel Tx/Rx array. Electromagnetic modeling and experiments were used to define safe operational power limits. Experimental SNR was evaluated relative to uiSNR at 10.5T and 7T.

Results

The 64‐channel Rx array alone captured approximately 50% of the central uiSNR at 10.5T, while an identical array developed for 7T captured about 76% of uiSNR at 7T. The 16‐channel Tx/80‐channel Rx configuration brought the fraction of uiSNR captured at 10.5T to levels comparable to the 64‐channel Rx array at 7T. SNR data displayed an approximate dependence over a large central region when evaluated in the context of uiSNR. Whole‐brain, high‐resolution ‐weighted and T1‐weighted anatomical and gradient‐recalled‐echo BOLD‐EPI functional MRI images were obtained at 10.5T for the first time with such an advanced array.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the ability to approach the uiSNR at 10.5T over the human brain, achieving large SNR gains over 7T, currently the most commonly used ultrahigh‐field platform. Whole‐brain, high‐resolution anatomical and EPI‐based functional MRI data were obtained at 10.5T, illustrating the promise of greater than 10T fields in studying the human brain.
2024 Peggi Guenter excellence in clinical practice lectureship: From curiosity and eagerness to passion: Moving the malnutrition needle
Authors: Malone Ainsley
Published: October 2024

Most every new clinician practicing in nutrition support enters their practice environment with wide open eyes and a sense of curiosity as they encounter new patient and clinical experiences. As clinicians expand their expertise, they often identify challenges they are eager to address. Eagerness turns to passion as the desire to affect change grows. Malnutrition has sparked curiosity and interest in many, and, in some, it has become a passion. As a result, many major achievements have occurred both in the United States and globally that have the capability of moving the needle favorably to achieve better outcomes for our patients. This lecture will highlight how curiosity, eagerness, and passion have led to successes in addressing aspects of malnutrition. These successes offer the structure to continue our efforts to move the needle forward. Our patients deserve nothing more.
Influence of continuous ramie yarn content on printability and mechanical properties of in situ impregnation 3D printed biocomposites
Authors: Wang Kui , Chang Yanlu , Cheng Ping , Rao Yanni , Peng Yong , Ahzi Said
Published: October 2024

The present work aimed to study the printability and tensile behaviors of ramie yarn‐reinforced PLA‐based composites fabricated by an in situ impregnated fused filament fabrication (FFF) process. The dimensional error analysis was conducted to evaluate the printability of biocomposites with different processing variations and continuous ramie yarns. The effect of yarn volume fraction (Yf) caused by processing variations and ramie yarn characteristics on the mechanical properties was also studied. The results showed that the dimensional accuracy of the biocomposites with different ramie yarns could be adjusted by process parameter optimization. On the basis of ensuring printability, the Yf was within the range of 6.80% to 23.32% in the current study. With the increase of Yf, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the biocomposites significantly increased. When the Yf was 23.32%, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus increased by 60.78% and 382.35%, respectively, compared to pristine PLA. In addition, an analytical model considering the influences of Yf and microstructural characteristics such as interfacial void content (Vp) on the tensile strength of the 3D printed biocomposites was derived, and the theoretical predictions were in good agreement with experimental measurements.
Lack of self‐control and online academic dishonesty in an extended TPB model: A PLS‐SEM approach
Authors: Barnayha Meljun , Gonzales Gamaliel , Lavador Rachel , Martel Jessamae , Urot Ma. Kathleen , Gonzales Roselyn
Published: October 2024

This study examines the determinants of online academic dishonesty using the theory of planned behavior. We surveyed 1087 college students in Central Philippines and utilized a partial least squares‐structural equation modeling analysis to evaluate a proposed model. Results demonstrate that 10 of the 11 hypothesized relationships are statistically significant. Moreover, the paths leading to online academic dishonesty are significantly supported with a 38.6 percent coefficient of determination. Other significant findings have practical implications for theory and practice in higher education, particularly in online assessment. These insights indicate that educational leaders must recognize the need for targeted interventions to promote ethical behavior and uphold academic integrity. Educators and policymakers can use these insights to develop measures addressing online academic dishonesty.
The future of cystic fibrosis: A global perspective
Authors: Ratjen Felix
Published: October 2024

The severity of lung disease as well as other disease manifestations have dramatically improved in those patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that both have mutations responsive to small molecule‐ based therapies with CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) modulators and do have access to these drugs. Unfortunately, these medications are not available to many patients with CF across the globe with access largely limited to high income countries. For those eligible to CFTR modulators new questions have arisen regarding the ongoing need for other medications addressing CF lung disease as well current care models with tight monitoring. This article aims to summarize how CF care may change in the future making a plea to expand the availability of highly effective medications to every child with CF that could benefit from treatment.
Number of Repetitions in Re‐Randomization Tests
Authors: Zhang Yilong , Zhao Yujie , Wang Bingjun , Luo Yiwen
Published: October 2024

In covariate‐adaptive or response‐adaptive randomization, the treatment assignment and outcome can be correlated. Under this situation, the re‐randomization test is a straightforward and attractive method to provide valid statistical inferences. In this paper, we investigate the number of repetitions in tests. This is motivated by a group sequential design in clinical trials, where the nominal significance bound can be very small at an interim analysis. Accordingly, re‐randomization tests lead to a very large number of required repetitions, which may be computationally intractable. To reduce the number of repetitions, we propose an adaptive procedure and compare it with multiple approaches under predefined criteria. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to show the performance of different approaches in a limited sample size. We also suggest strategies to reduce total computation time and provide practical guidance in preparing, executing, and reporting before and after data are unblinded at an interim analysis, so one can complete the computation within a reasonable time frame.
Production of Cellulose Nanofibers From Pineapple Peel (Ananas comosus) and Application in Biodegradable Films
Authors: Três Maira , Pagno Carlos Henrique , de Moraes Crizel Tainara , de Oliveira Rios Alessandro , Flôres Simone Hickmann
Published: October 2024

The waste of pineapple (Ananas comosus) juice accounts for 35% of the fruit's weight, and this organic material is rich in fibers and cellulose, making it a promising source for producing new ingredients for biodegradable packaging. This study objected to cellulose‐produced nanofibers from pineapple peel by chemical and enzymatic treatment combined with mechanical treatment and subsequently evaluated the application of these nanofibers as a reinforcing agent in biodegradable films. The cellulose nanofibers produced through enzymatic treatment with a sonicator presented the best results and were applied in biodegradable films at concentrations of 3% and 6%. The addition of 6% of cellulose nanofibers increased the tension (26.01 ± 0.78). It reduced the elongation percentage (3.27 ± 0.38) of films in addition to expanding the biodegradability, with up to 96% degradation observed after just 1 day. The use of nanofibers obtained from pineapple peel is a promising ingredient for the development of biodegradable packaging.
Prostacyclin pathway vasodilators in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH): A systemic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Weijun , Pang Xingxue , Chen Jun , Ren Xiaoxia , Zhao Huaibing , Wang Xu , Zhao Ning , Hu Dayi , Jin Zhongyi
Published: October 2024

Although surgical and interventional therapy has emerged as the primary treatment for patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), there remains a subset of patients who need medication therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of prostacyclin pathway vasodilators, providing further insight for clinical decision‐making. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases from inception to December 2023. Literature screening and quality assessment were carried out with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Data analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software. We included 6 randomized controlled trials with 387 patients. Prostacyclin pathway vasodilators demonstrated a significant improvement in PVR (−125.26 dynes·sec·cm−5, 95%CI: −219.29 to −31.23, Z = 2.61, and p < 0.009), RAP (−0.78 mmHg, 95%CI: −1.52 to −0.04, Z = 2.06, and p = 0.04), cardiac index (0.62, 95%CI: 0.54 to 0.69, Z = 16.13, and p < 0.00001), and the number of patients showing improvement in WHO functional class (3.86, 95%CI: 1,92 to 7.77, Z = 3.79, and p = 0.0002) compared to controls, moreover, a trend towards improvement was observed in mPAP, 6MWD, and NT‐proBNP. Regarding the safety endpoints, no significant difference was found in both groups in terms of serious adverse events and all‐cause deaths. The prostacyclin pathway vasodilators present therapeutic potential for CTEPH patients with inoperable or persistent/recurrent PH after PEA/BPA primarily characterized by distal small‐vessel and microvasculopathy. However, the current clinical evidence remains insufficient and controversial, necessitating further validation.
Different Designs, Different Outcomes? A Critical Systematic Review of Interventions for Preparing Preservice Science Teachers to Teach Scientific Models and Modeling
Authors: Chan Kennedy Kam Ho , Lau David Siu Pan , van Driel Jan
Published: October 2024

Cultivating in preservice science teachers (PSTs) the competence required to teach scientific models and modeling is a valued outcome of teacher preparation programs. However, science teacher educators face inherent tensions when designing and implementing teacher preparation experiences to achieve this outcome. In this systematic review, we first propose five sets of design tensions that science teacher educators need to navigate. We identify empirical intervention studies that aimed to develop PSTs' professional competence for teaching scientific models and modeling and analyze how the reviewed interventions addressed the design tensions, and examine their outcomes. Our analysis reveals that the reviewed interventions prioritized the development of PSTs' cognitive aspects of teacher professional competence for teaching scientific models and modeling while giving limited attention to affective–motivational aspects and the need to simultaneously develop aspects of PSTs' competence not specific to scientific models and modeling. The interventions were more successful in enhancing PSTs' declarative knowledge than enacted knowledge and affective–motivational aspects. However, the nature of modeling activities included in the interventions varied widely, posing challenges in identifying critical features that led to the identified positive outcomes. The interventions reported mixed outcomes in developing PSTs' enacted knowledge in teaching contexts, even when incorporating activities for knowledge application and knowledge transfer beyond the intervention context. We discuss the implications of these findings and provide recommendations for better‐preparing PSTs to teach scientific models and modeling. We also discuss the unique affordance of using the design tension framework to analyze the interventions.
Digital technology‐based business model design and innovation to address grand challenges: A process model
Authors: Wang Liyan , Zhang Wei , White Steven , Fan Hang
Published: October 2024

Research Summary

The question of how a new venture designs and innovates on its business model (BM) to leverage digital technology to address multiple grand challenges has received little attention in the literature. We address this through a longitudinal case study of a new social enterprise in China. We develop an accessing‐embedding‐strengthening‐expanding process model of BM design and innovation by which a venture may increase both the scale and scope of its impact as a complementor in ecosystems addressing grand challenges. We identify the specific actions and contingencies underlying this process. Our findings contribute to the understanding of BM design and innovation based on digital technologies and propose that assessment of a BM's impact on grand challenges may be in terms of scope as well as scale.

Managerial Summary

How may founders build a BM that exploits a technology's potential to address diverse sustainability challenges? Our study derives insights from one for‐profit Chinese venture whose founders had the explicit objective of leveraging remote sensing data and analytics to address important and diverse social and environmental challenges. We identify the steps in its ecosystem‐based strategy (accessing, embedding, strengthening, and expanding) by which the founders targeted and entered successive application ecosystems as a complementor. This strategy has enabled them to achieve financial goals and also increase their contribution to sustainability objectives in terms of both scale (vis‐à‐vis one grand challenge) and scope (across multiple grand challenges). We also identify the specific questions that the founders had to answer in the process of executing this strategy.
Use of the Pickering Emulsion Method for the Preparation of Nano‐Aluminum Powder/Fluororubber Composite Microspheres
Authors: Gao DengZhao , Huang XinYang , Yang Min , Guo Jun , Wang Qian , Wen Tao , Zhang XingQuan , Guo ChangPing
Published: October 2024

The combination of fluoropolymer and nano‐thermite has been a research focus in the field of materials in the field of energy and storage in recent years, but it faces the problem of uneven mixing of fluoropolymer and nano‐aluminum powder (nAl). Therefore, it is of great significance to obtain a fluorine/aluminum uniform composite by a solid/solid phase mixing method. In this paper, Pickering emulsions effectively blend difficult‐to‐mix powders of nAl and solid bulk fluoroelastomers on the micro‐ and nanoscale. The emulsion was prepared by Pickering emulsion with an ethyl acetate solution of fluororubber as the oil phase and perfluorocarboxylic acid‐modified nano‐aluminum powder as a surfactant. The effects of oil/water ratio, fluororubber/aluminum ratio, and standing time on the stability of the emulsion were studied. The nano‐aluminum powder/fluororubber composite microspheres were prepared and their morphology, thermal decomposition, and combustion properties were characterized. The results showed that the emulsion prepared with the oil/water ratio of 1:8 and m(fluororubber):m(modified nano‐aluminum powder) of 5:1 had good stability and dispersion. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the complex was observed to be regular spherical and the size was about 10 µm, and the composite microspheres prepared by the Pickering emulsion had good. The TG‐DSC results showed that the decomposition of the composite microspheres started at about 450 °C and finished at 519 °C. The composite microspheres prepared in this paper are stable and rapid in exotherm, with a combustion rate of 33 cm s−1 and excellent combustion performance. The Pickering emulsion introduces a new idea for the preparation of thermite by mixing the solid reactants at the micro‐nano level without introducing substances that reduce the energy of the system.
Fe3O4/f‐MWCNTs Nanocomposite: Efficient Electrode Material for Symmetric Hybrid Supercapacitors with 25 k Cycle Stability
Authors: S. Srividhya , V. Tejashree , Venkatesh Krishna , Nagaraju Kathyayini
Published: October 2024

Fe3O4 with acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNTs) was synthesized using a simple ultrasonic‐assisted co‐precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and elemental composition of the composite material were determined using P‐XRD, FT‐IR, SEM‐EDS, and BET analysis. The electrochemical properties of the composite were analysed by CV, CP and EIS techniques. In a three‐electrode system setup, a specific capacitance (Cs) of 509 Fg−1 at 2 mVs−1 and 116 Fg−1 at 2.5 Ag−1 was achieved in 1 M KOH solution. The composite material was utilized in the design of a symmetric supercapacitor coin cell (CR2032) device. The coin cell exhibited Cs of 49 Fg−1 at 2 mVs−1 (0 to 1.8 V) and 19.2 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 (0 to 1.75 V) in 1 M KOH electrolyte, with a Cs retention of 80 % at the end of 25,000 charge‐discharge cycles at a high current density of 20 Ag−1. The coin cell demonstrated a maximum energy density of 8.2 Whkg−1 and power density of 17.5 kWkg−1. This study highlights an inexpensive, environmentally benign hybrid supercapacitor composite material synthesized by a facile method as a promising candidate for high‐performance supercapacitor applications.
Improving Germanium Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights from SCAPS Simulation Analysis Compared to Experimental Data
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Khan Mohd Quasim , Shabbir Mohd , Ahmad Khursheed , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: October 2024

Previously, various approaches and methods have been developed for the construction of high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The lead (Pb)‐based PSCs demonstrated excellent performance but suffers from low stability and presence of toxic Pb. Thus, a rapid surge in the development of Pb free PSCs has been observed. Recently, various Pb free elements such as germanium (Ge), bismuth, tin and antimony based materials were adopted as absorber materials. Among these, Ge halide based absorber materials have received significant attention for the development of Pb free PSCs. Despite the exceptional optoelectronic properties of Ge‐based perovskite structures, the efficiency of resulting PSCs remains lower compared to their Pb‐based PSCs. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the simulation studies of PSCs using solar cell capacitance simulation‐one dimensional (SCAPS‐1D) method. Numerous reports have emerged from different research groups simulating various Ge‐based PSCs via SCAPS‐1D. These simulation studies have shown promise in aiding the development of Pb‐free PSCs. In this mini‐review, previously reported literature on Ge‐based PSCs for experimental studies and simulation studies via SCAPS‐1D had been amassed. We believe that present mini review article will attract scientific researchers engaged in experimental and theoretical investigations of Ge‐based PSCs.