bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do androgens really play a major role in the pathophysiology of androgenetic alopecia?
Authors: Leite Jr Ademir Carvalho
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Androgens have always been known to play a major role in the pathophysiology of androgenetic alopecia. They are responsible for the AGA development and progression along with other triggers such as the Wnt/B-catenin pathway, PGD2, perifollicular inflammation, tension in the galea aponeurotica, epigenetic factors, psychogenic factors and oxidative stress. The great importance given to androgens role in AGA is reinforced by studies of antiandrogen drugs for the treatment of the disease, which are very effective to patients who take them properly. However, studies show that in the last decades the serum androgens levels are decreasing in the general population.
Perspective: Researches have also shown that the severity of androgenetic alopecia has gotten worse over the years, reaching more important levels at times in life when androgens are no longer present in concentrations as significant as they were before the age of 30. The purpose of this study is to discuss the true role of androgens in the pathophysiology of AGA, as well as to suggest a more careful approach to the already known causes and pathways that participate in the disease including the therapeutic management of patient´s problems.
Androgenetic Alopecia in Transgender Men: A Literature Review and Therapeutic Insights
Authors: Marrafa Pedro Augusto Laurindo Igreja , Natal Bruno , Padovez Fabiana
Published: April 2024

Introduction: An individual who identifies with a gender different from the one assigned to them at birth is called transgender, and in the pursuit of alignment between their identity and body, these individuals often undergo hormonal treatments. The focus of this research is to assess, through literature reviews, a specific side effect of such treatment in transgender man, which is hair loss, referred to here as alopecia.
Material and Methods: This article examines hormonal treatment side effects in gender transition, focusing on trichology. Utilizing an exploratory bibliographic approach, the research sourced materials from databases like Web of Science, Cochrane, and Medline.
Results and Discussions: Studies on transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy reveal varying percentages of AGA, with evidence suggesting a correlation between AGA incidence and the duration of hormonal treatment. Conflicting findings on predictive factors, including age and testosterone therapy type, complicate the understanding of AGA development. Genetic predisposition and family history also influence the onset of hair loss in transgender men, with those with a family history experiencing it earlier than those without. Overall, AGA in transgender men exhibits complexities influenced by hormonal treatment, genetics, and family history.
ANALYZING THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL BANKS IN ECONOMIC STABILITY WITH REFERENCE TO SAARC COUNTRIES
Authors:   Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Srivastava dee
Published: April 2024

In 1985 South Asian Association for regional Cooperation was established with the intention of improving regional collaboration in the fields of economics, social sciences, cultural practices, and scientific research. The existing membership of SAARC comprises of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, besides Bangladesh, Bhutan, and the Maldives are all members of this group. In 1998, the SAARCFINANCE Network was founded with the purpose of fostering dialogue on the macroeconomic policies of the region and facilitating the exchange of ideas and experiences among members, all within the context of a larger framework. It was agreed that the study would be carried out by utilizing data gathered from a survey in order to record the typical Monetary Policy operations and acquire information from first-hand sources. A initial draft of this research was presented at a SAARC FINANCE meeting that took place in Islamabad, Pakistan. The comments and suggestions made by the central banks of all SAARC nations were compiled. In this evaluation, the operational and legal aspects of the mechanisms for formulating Monetary Policy and making decisions that are established in the central banks of SAARC states are analyzed and discussed. On the other hand, in order to broaden the scope of the investigation, extra data was collected not only from official websites but also from other sources, such as the central bank. Because the completion of this study was dependent on the accessibility of source data as well as the comments from the central banks of the SAARC countries, it took a considerable amount of time to finish.
The Empirical Relevance of the Okishio Theorem
Authors: Ruiz Pablo Fernández
Published: April 2024

In this work we examine the empirical evidence of Okishio’s theorem in three developed countries: the USA, UK and Japan. This theorem has been seen as one of the most important elements of debates on the Marxian law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. Following a process that is difficult to criticize from the logical-mathematical point of view, Okishio’s theorem argues that, given some assumptions, the introduction of technical change in a capitalist economy must cause the rate of profit to increase, and this implies a contradiction of the Marxian law. In this study we will observe how the three economies analyzed have surprisingly similar behavior pattern when we model with econometric software the effects of technical change on the path followed by the profit rate. We can verify that this introduction of advances within production is related to a fall in the rate of profit when we take into account in the model other important variables such as real wages, showing that the results of Okishio’s theorem do not resemble reality. In the process, the Marxist position on questions of praxis, truth, universals, human essence, and more, is set forth.
INFLUENCE OF Ixora coccinea L ROOT EXTRACT ON THE PERFORMANCE, CARCASS AND ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Ahmed S A , Lawal S W , Banjoko I K
Published: April 2024

In this study one hundred and five (105) day-old Cobb broiler chicks were allocated to five treatments, 3 replicates per treatment and seven (7) birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. 1mls, 2mls, 3mls and 4mls of Ixora root extract were administered per liter of drinking water to the treatments tagged R1, R2, R3, and R4 and 1g/liter antibiotics for the control treatment respectively, for three days per week over a four weeks period. Broiler performance, carcass and organoleptic characteristics were evaluated. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Duncanâ€™s Multiple Range Test was computed to compare the differences among the treatment means. There was no influence of treatments (P>0.05) on total feed intake, but total weight gain and feed conversion ratio of the broilers fed the plant extract was significantly higher (p<0.05) in treatment R2 compared with those fed the antibiotics. Treatment R2 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than other treatments for all carcass characteristics while treatment R4 was lower (P<0.05) in organoleptic characteristics compared to others. The study concluded that feeding 2ml of Ixora root extract to broilers (R2) enhanced their feed intake, feed conversion ratio and improved their carcass characteristics. Birds on control, and treatments R1, R2 and R3 had better colour, flavour, aroma, texture, juiciness and overall acceptability in terms of quality.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT WEED CONTROL METHODS ON WEEDS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) UNDER RAINFOREST ECOLOGY, SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA
Authors: ABIMBOLA BADMUS
Published: April 2024

This study evaluates the effects of different weed control methods on weeds, growth and yield of maize (Zea mays l.) under rainforest ecology of NigeriaÂ  Field trials were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University Oye- Ekiti, Ikole Campus (14o 30 â€˜N, 9o 15o â€˜E), Ekiti State, South-west, Nigeria. Five weed control methods evaluated on maize were pre-emergence application of pendimenthalin at 3.0 kg a.i/ha followed by (fb) supplementary hoe-weeding (SHW) at 6WAP, two hoe-weedings at 3 and 6 WAP, mulching with grass straw fb SHW at 6WAP, cowpea and soybean separately intercropped between maize rows fb SHW at 6WAP and a weedy check. The experiments were laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated four times. The results showed that the untreated weedy check plots produced the highest weed cover scores and weed dry matter while plots with pre-emergence herbicide, hoeâ€“weeding twice and those mulched with grass straw recorded statistically higher 100-seed weight in 2015. In both years, all the weed controlled plots including the two intercrops had comparable net plot and maize grain yields. Conclusively, plots subjected to two hoe-weedings, per-emergence herbicide application and mulching with grass straw greatly suppressed weed growth and improved maize grain yields, but the unweeded control plots produced the least in 2015 and 2016.
EVALUATING TOXICITY INFLUENCE OF PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE ON THE WATER QUALITY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF Oreochromis niloticus FINGERLINGS
Authors: Iyiola A O , Ipinmoroti M O , Akanmu O A , Oladejo A I
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the acute toxicity of paraquat dichloride to water quality and Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fish with average length and weight of 4.2cm and 0.4g respectively were stocked at 10 fish per aquarium, acclimatized for 2 weeks and fed twice daily at 5% body weight with 40% crude protein diets. Feeding was stopped 24 hours before bioassay and experimental fingerlings were exposed to test concentrations (treatments) of paraquat dichloride at 0 mg/l (A), 3.33 mg/l (B), 6.66mg/l (C), 10 mg/l (D) and 13.3 mg/l (E) each containing the active ingredient at 0 mg/L, 1.7 x 10-3 mg/L, 3.3 x 10-3 mg/L, 5 x 10-3 mg/L and 6.7 x 10-3 mg/L respectively with each treatment replicated thrice. The LC50 was 4.90 mgL-1 and significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the mean values of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and pH. Signs of respiratory stress, erratic swimming and sudden quick movement were observed in experimental fish. This increased with increase in test concentrations. Histopathological studies showed areas of lesion and necrosis. Strict adherence to recommended herbicide dosages during application is therefore essential most especially in the flood prone areas so that they do not eventually accumulate in aquatic systems
THE INCIDENCE AND SEVERITY OF VIRUSES ON AMARANTHUS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: ALIYU TAIYE HUSSEIN , K Adebayo A , O Arogundade , L Kumar
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated the incidence and severity of viruses on Amaranthus species in six Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Oyo state,, Nigeria. Ten farms noted for cropping the vegetable were selected in each of the selected LGAs. Ten symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves of Amaranthus were randomly collected from the farms for virus presence and identification using six antibodies specific to Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV), Blackeye- Cowpea Mosaic Virus (BICMV), Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV), Cowpea Mottle Mosaic Virus (CPMMtV), Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) and Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV). The results showed that LGA virus incidence was highest in Iddo (55 %) and least in Egbeda (30 %). The disease was rated as severe in Iddo (45%), while Lagelu (38%), Egbeda (37%), Ogbomosho (36%) and Afijio (32 %) were moderately severe. ELISA detected virus presence (0.548 nm) at Agbaja Ijokodo (Iddo LGA.), Academy (0.478 nm) and Alalubosa (0.65 nm) both in Ibadan North West LGA. However, the specific detection of CPMMV was established at Iddo. These findings indicate the intensity and array of viruses that could be infecting Amaranthus in Oyo state, Nigeria. The study therefore suggest regular Amaranthus field assessment of viruses for sustainable control measures which would guarantee increased production, enhanced food security and farmersâ€™ income.
RICE FARMERS PERCEPTION ON HERBICIDE USE FOR CONTROL OF WEEDS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Tsado J H , Adeniji B O , Jibril S , Mamman E , Yisa D
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted in Niger State, Nigeria to determine rice farmerâ€™s perception on herbicides use for the control of weeds. The study data was collected through the administration of the questionnaire and interview schedule from 120 randomly selected rice farmers. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. The study result revealed that most of the respondents (78.34%) were still in their active productive age, a large proportion of them (83.0%) were married and had moderate household sizes consisting of 1-5 persons. Majority (62%) have had one form of education or the other and were members of cooperative societies. The farmers respondents were aware of the different types of herbicides and their time of application classes and were aware of the negative effect of weeds on rice yield. Most respondentsâ€™ perception were high on issues related to the negative effect of excessive use of herbicides on bio-diversity (X=4.75), using more than one herbicides for effective weed control (X =4.16) and that herbicides should be applied based on the recommended dosage (X =4.38). However the farmers did not agree that herbicides should be applied based on the agro-climatic conditions. The major constraints faced by the rice farmer respondents were mainly inadequate credit and unreliable sources of the herbicides. It is recommended that credit facilities should be made available to the farmers to enhance their herbicide usage and public awareness on how the farmers can get access to original and reliable herbicides should be emphasised
PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF ASSET OWNERSHIP AMONG FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN ODEDA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: K Omotosho , Adekunle C P , Oyedepo E O , OLADEJI S O , Adekanmbi A A
Published: April 2024

This study examined the pattern and determinants of asset ownership among farm households in Odeda local government area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data were used for the study which was sourced via a three stage sampling technique. A total of one hundred and twenty farm households were selected. The study models were the principal component analysis, asset index and the ordinary least squares regression analyses. Results revealed that most of the respondents (84%) were less than 50 years, with a mean age of 42 years. Most of them (70%) had over 5 years of formal education. Domestic assets owned by the respondents were radio, refrigerator, transport assets and agricultural productive assets including agricultural land and real estate. Substantial gender disparity in asset ownership was revealed. Wide asset wealth gap in the value of assets accruing to men was higher than that to the women. Inequality was highest for real estate and agricultural land, with an asset wealth gap of 0.32:0.06 and 0.41:0.10 respectively. The pattern of asset ownership showed that television had the highest scoring factor of 0.728 while grinding machine had the least scoring factor of -0.260. The result of regression analysis showed that age (p<0.01), gender (p<0.05), marital status (p<0.01), household size (p<0.10) and education (p<0.01), were the major factors influencing asset ownership among farm households in the study area. The study therefore recommends the need to avail farm householdsâ€™ access to productive assets through micro financing, savings and credit associationsâ€™ activities. There is need to improve the level of education among the rural household heads. Government on its part should enable policies targeted at enhancing women literacy and their access to productive assets.
FARMERSâ€™ PREFERENCE AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF STRIGA RESISTANT MAIZE VARIETIES (sammaz 15 AND 16) IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Bello O G , Abdurahaman O L , Makinta U , Yakubu H , Adeleke E A
Published: April 2024

The study investigated farmersâ€™ response and acceptability of Striga resistant varieties (samaz 15 and 16) of maize in Jigawa State, Nigeria. A multistage (3-stage) sampling technique was used to elicit information from 120 respondents for the study. Respondents average age was 47 years, majority (93.3%) were males, (88.3%) with Islamic education (63.3%). Significant proportions (77.5%) were married, average household size is 18 persons and farming experience of 13 years. Majority (88.3%) were engaged in cooperative movement and had average monthly income of N42, 520.83. Slightly above two-third of the respondents (68.3%) accepted that the varieties performed better, and preferable (64.2%) to the other varieties. Slightly above average of the respondents (55.5%) also had access to the improved maize seed, and responded favourably to the seeds (54.2%). Most of the respondents 93.3% and 90.8% accepted that samaz 16 and 15 matured within the stipulated 120 and 100 days respectively. Many of them agreed about the presence of Striga on the field and 74.2% concurred with the stated qualities of these varieties. Majority (78.0%) claimed there was no effect of Striga infestation on their maize harvest, storage and qualities. The Maize (sammaz 15 and 16) Varieties were acceptable to maize consumers. Average yield observed was 2,158.83kg/ha. The main sources of information on these varieties to farmers were radio (60.8%) and family/friend/neighbours (28.3%). Major constraints to the maize farming reported were lack of capital (45.0%), scarcity of fertilizer (19.2%), sustainable market (17.5%) and poor extension services (7.5%). Chi-square result showed a positive relationship between farmersâ€™ educational level and their awareness of the maize varieties. Based on the study findings, the study recommends the need to step up awareness campaign on the maize varieties and the provision of inputs and adequate extension services to the farmers
DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES OF NIGERIAN NATIVE SHEEP BREEDS TO ASSAULTS OF SUBACUTE Trypanosoma vivax INFECTION IN THE TROPICS: POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION-BASED ASSAY EVIDENCES
Authors: Onasanya G O , Sanni M T , Ozoje M O , Amusan A S , Yakubu A , Decampos J S , Ofori J A , Ibrahim A A , Ikeobi C O.N
Published: April 2024

Â Molecular-based assay is reported to efficiently detect higher levels of subacute infection of the African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT). Based on our previous research data, this study reports the detection of subacute Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) infection, sequel to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay diagnosis in four extant Nigerian sheep breeds namely, Balami, Yankassa, Uda and West African Dwarf (WAD) sampled from four geographical locations in Nigeria, the detected T.vivax infection was associated with thermo-tolerance traits of our animals. The study approach involved the use of the PCR-based assay to amplify a DNA fragment size of 400 bp within the genome of the pathogenic parasite in 161 sheep of both sexes. Our findings showed that T. vivax pathogen caused significant assault (P<0.05) on infected Nigerian native sheep compared with non-infected counterparts as depicted by the elevated thermo-tolerance traits. The WAD breed was found to have improved thermo-tolerance performance especially in body temperature when exposed to the assault of T. vivax infection compared with the Uda, Balami and Yankassa sheep breeds (P<0.05).Â  The sheep breed showed very significant effect (P<0.01) on thermo-tolerance traits. Balami sheep was the most thermal-vulnerable breed while WAD was least affected by the assault of thermal stress. Pathogenic T. vivax is culpable in the alteration of body thermo-tolerance of local sheep populations in Nigeria with the attendant health implications. Current research noted that WAD breed performed better under stressful assaults of T. vivax infection.
DETERMINANTS OF PINEAPPLE MARKET INTEGRATION BETWEEN EDO STATE AND ABUJA FCT, NIGERIA
Authors: Edekhe G O.I , Abdulsalam Z , Idris A S , Oladimeji Y U
Published: April 2024

This study focused on the determinants of pineapple market integration between Edo and Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. A multi stage sampling procedure was adopted to select a total of two hundred and forty-five (245) respondents for the study. Primary data were obtained from field survey and secondary data on price series of pineapple over a period of 72 months were obtained from the Edo State Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and the FCT, ADP Offices in 2014/2015 season. Johansen co-integration analysis was used to determine market integration. The result revealed that pineapple marketing was dominated by male traders (72.65%), majority were married (74.69%), with a mean age and marketing experience of 38 and 10.4 years respectively. There was a general upward trend in the prices of pineapple with FCT prices higher than the prices in Edo state for much of the study period except for the 2014 /2015 season. The unit root test showed that the prices in the two states were stationary after first difference, indicating that the prices were integrated of order one I (1). The integration analysis revealed that the prices of pineapple in Edo state do not have a long run relationship with prices in the FCT, as the value of the estimated null hypothesis of zero co-integrating relationship could not be rejected at 5% probability by the trace statistics and maximum Eigen values of 6.58 and 5.84 respectively. This implies that the market were segmented and with a very low short run market integration as indicated by the index of market connectedness of 31. A better market information system would avail market agents with reliable price information, which would aid them in making better marketing decision that will enhance their profit margin.Â Keywords: co-integration, education, marketers, pineapple, Nigeria
BASIC AND TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR RECIRCULATORY AQUACULTURAL SYSTEMS
Authors: OMOFUNMI O E , Olasunkanmi J B , Ogunleye K S , Ilesanmi O A , Umego O M , Alli A A
Published: April 2024

The need for fish arises from the need for protein in humanâ€™s diet. Protein is required both for maintenance and growth of worm-out cells. Protein could be sourced from plants-vegetable protein, as well as animals-animal protein, the latter mainly in the form of fish and meat. Fish is a cheap source of protein for human consumption. For this reason, most countries have turned their attention to the development and exploitation of their fisheries resources.Â  The recirculatory system is an intensive method of culturing fish. It enables the fish farmer to completely control all the parameters in the production. This study presents a review of the basic and technical parameters needed for Recirculatory Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Specifically the study present the principle for the system, the major equations for the design of a recirculation system and its assumptions, the concept of mass balance on the design of oxygen supply, ammonia removal, solids removal and water requirement in the culturing system. In conclusion, study emphasizes that Recirculation Aquaculture systems should be built with good hydraulic effects that is designed by skill personnel, who have acquired relevant engineering knowledge.Â
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DEFORESTATION ON RURAL HOUSEHOLDSâ€™ LIVELIHOODS IN OLOKEMEJI FOREST RESERVE OF OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Olawuyi E B , Odeyale O C , Agboola F O
Published: April 2024

Forest and forest products have played an important role in human livelihood especially among the rural communities. However, with increase in human population tremendous pressure has been put on the forest and this had further resulted in forest resource destruction. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the socio-economic impact of deforestation on rural householdsâ€™ livelihood in Olokemeji forest reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was carried out with view to encouraging the sustainable management of the reserve. Four villages with projected population sizes: Jagunna Ake (1049), Olowo (1691), Olokemeji (2401) and Adedapo (1568) were randomly selected from six villages identified around the reserve. Then 2.5% sampling intensity was used to select 26, 42, 60 and 31 respondents from the villages respectively making a total of 159 respondents for the study. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square and Logit regression. Results showed that most (53.3%) of respondents were aged between 41-60 years, have had primary education (58.0%), farmers (66.7%) and had household size of 5-10 members (58.7%). Major changes observed by respondents in the reserve were loss of animals (100.0%), loss of plants diversity (100.0%) and habitat destruction (100.0%). Factors that influenced deforestation in the study area were increased human settlements, poverty, trading in non-timber forest products (NTFPs), road construction, unemployment and increase in population variables, with odds-ratio of 3379826, 1920812, 410.15, 189.12, 61.33 and 8.19 respectively. Major socio-economic impacts were decrease in NTFPs (99.3%), reduction of food (98.7%) and reduction in timber products (98.7%). There was significant association between gender (Ï‡2 =19.72); age(14.60); marital status (Ï‡2 =76.06), household size (Ï‡2 =78.48,), education (Ï‡2 = 108.41), occupation (Ï‡2 =133.02), work experience (Ï‡2 =10.20,), nativity (Ï‡2 =58.27) and deforestation in the study area. Deforestation has negatively affected the livelihood of rural households in the study area. There is need to intensify efforts on awareness campaign to enlighten individuals on the menace of deforestation in the study area.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS TO HOUSEHOLD	INCOME IN THE ADJOINING COMMUNITIES OF THE LANLATE FOREST RESERVE OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Babatunde T O , Babatunde O O , Okeleke S O , Oluwalana T , Ogundimu O A , Elesho R O
Published: April 2024

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) constitute an important source of livelihood for millions of people across the forest fringe across the world. Hence, this study determined the contributions of non-forest products to household income among the adjoining communities of the Lanlate Forest Reserve in Oyo State, Nigeria. Four communities were randomly selected among the adjoining villages. One hundred and ten (110) respondents were selected for the study. Primary data were collected with the aid of the questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency distribution and the inferential statistics. Majority of the respondents (30.2%) were within the age brackets of 42-60 years and mostly male (81.1%). About 62.3% of the respondents have had secondary education. Also, 81.2% of the respondents were married, 57.5% were engaged in farming while 53.8% had spent 10-20 years in the area. Most of the respondents realized between â‚¦200,001- â‚¦300,000 annually from the NTFPs collected, 38.7% sold their NTFPs at the rate of â‚¦1500- â‚¦2000, 34.9% of the NTFPs collectedÂ Â  were bush-meats and were mostly packed based on their weights, 45.3% of the respondents collected NTFPs over 3-5 days in a week Â while 34% expended over â‚¦5000 annually on the NTFPs collected. The study recommends that government should encourage the development of participatory programmes that involves the local people, to assess available NTFPs for the sustainable production, harvesting and efficient usage of these resources.
DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY AMONG CROP FARMERS IN OLUYOLE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ojo-fakuade A A , Ugege B N , Kareem A T , Ogunwale O G , Tunde-Francis A A
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated the determinants of poverty among crop farmers in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 150 respondents from the study area. Primary data were collected through the aid of the questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbeeke (FGT) poverty index and the Probit regression model. The study results revealed that there are more male head of households who were aged between 36 and 60 years old. The mean per capita expenditure was $145. Farm size, level of education, off-farm income, household size, farming experience, number of adult members in household, credit use, sex and age of household heads significantly influence the likelihoodÂ  that a household will be poor or not (p<0.01, p<0.05). It is therefore recommended that females should be encouraged to acquire lands for crop production. Credit delivery mechanism targeting the poor farm households should be initiated by government, donors and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) alike at the three levels of government to ensure prompt credit delivery to farmers at reduced interest rate and with longer repayment period. Farmers should be encouraged to undertake other jobs like trading with farming, especially during the off dry season.
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACCESSING AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogunjimi Sunday Idowu , Ibiyemi K V , Alabi O O , Ojo T F
Published: April 2024

The study assessed the effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in accessing information on arable crop production in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 90 arable crop farmers. Data were collected through the use of interview schedule and analysed using descriptive statistics to analyse the study hypotheses. Results revealed that the mean age of respondents was 50 years.  Majority of the respondents (96.1%) were aware of radio, 72.3% telephone and 65.2% television. Radio was highly accessible (mean=2.5). This was followed by telephone (mean=2.3) and television (mean=1.8). In spite of farmers’ access to radio, television and telephone, there was low usage of the tools except for radio which had moderate use for sourcing information on arable crop production. These indicate that ICT tools were not effectively used among arable crop farmers, to access information on input delivery. There was no significant relationship between access and effectiveness of ICTs in disseminating information to arable crop farmers. It was recommended that extension institutions in Nigeria should train farmers on use of ICT facilities in accessing agricultural information in order to improve farmer’s productivity in the area
NUTRITIONAL, PHENOLIC AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF TAPIOCA PRODUCED FROM BLENDS OF COCOYAM, PLANTAIN, TURMERIC AND DATE FRUITS
Authors: Ogunbusola E M , Lashore O S
Published: April 2024

In an attempt to encourage the utilization of natural resources and formulation of new food products, blends of tapioca were produced from cocoyam, plantain, turmeric and date fruits. The mineral composition, phenolic content, pasting characteristics and sensory qualities of the tapioca blends were determined. The ranges of values of iron, calcium and zinc in the tapioca blends were 0.32-0.85 mg/100 g, 3.64-5.63 mg/100 g and 0.92-1.03 mg/100 g respectively. Addition of turmeric and date fruits significantly increased (p≤0.05) increased the total phenolic content of the tapioca blends compared to 100% cocoyam or plantain tapioca counterpart. Pasting viscosities of the tapioca blends generally reduced when substituted with turmeric and/or date fruits. The peak time and pasting temperature ranged from 4.22-7.04 min and 74.29-79.21 0C respectively. Cocoyam tapioca (100%) was rated highest in all the sensory attributes examined. All the blends were however generally liked by panelists. Nutritious and acceptable tapioca may be produced from blends of cocoyam, plantain, turmeric and date fruits as this would enhance their utilization and better household economies.
PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DATE PALM FRUIT MARKETING IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Musa S
Published: April 2024

The study examined problems associated with date palm fruit marketing in Jigawa state, Nigeria. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting 122 marketers comprising date palm fruit retailers and wholesalers. The simple frequencies and percentages were used in analyzing the study data. The major problems identified in the date marketing were capital, pest and diseases, price fluctuation and high cost of transportation. In conclusion, inadequate capital and pest and disease were the major problems of marketers. Alternative means of obtaining capital through cooperatives, seeking interventions and modern methods of processing to add value to date and storage were recommended.
ASSESSMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AS A STRATEGY FOR INCOME ENHANCEMENT AMONG WOMEN IN SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Usman T , Barau A A , Aliyu M B
Published: April 2024

This study assessed livestock production as a strategy for income enhancement among women in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Sokoto state, Nigeria. Questionnaire and interview schedule were used to generate data for the study. Two stage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and sixty (160) respondents which constituted the sample size for the study. Frequencies, percentage and means were used to analyze the data. The result shows that 46.9% of respondents were within the age range of 21-30 years while the mean age of the respondents was age 30 years. The result shows that 44.4% of the respondents had family size that comprised of 6-10 persons and 7 persons on average. The result shows that the respondents had an average mean years of experience of 8years. Majority 70% of the respondents reared goat while 40% of the respondents reared sheep. Most of the women respondents (63.8%) generated incomes that was less than ₦50,000 from goat sales while 1.9%, between ₦50,000 and ₦100,000. The result further revealed that 28.1% of women respondents generated incomes that was less than ₦50,000 from sheep sales while (3.1%) generated incomes that were between ₦50,000 and ₦100,000 from the sale of sheep. Based on the research, socio-economic characteristics were found to play important roles in the lives of women livestock producers by influencing their production and incomes. There is need to identify the training needs of women participation in livestock production; Government should link women livestock farmers with microfinance banks in order to acquire credit/for their production activities.
MOBILE FINANCIAL SERVICES AND RURAL HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOOD: EVIDENCE FROM KWARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Akinsola G O , Ojetunde S B , Bello M A , Ayinde O A , Durotoye O E
Published: April 2024

Creating an inclusive financial system with wide-ranging and convenient services in the rural areas is increasingly being promoted as this is seen to be vital for sustainable economic development. In this vein, this paper examined the effects of electronic financial services on the livelihoods of the rural household in Nigeria, using Kwara state as a case study. First, the study explored and identified the mobile financial systems used by rural households, determined their livelihood status and examined the effect of the financial services on the livelihood of the rural household. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 120 farming households using a structured questionnaire. The analytical tools employed were descriptive statistics, sustainable livelihood index, average weighted index and the logistic regression. The result revealed that financial inclusion status of the household, education status and monthly income significantly influenced the livelihood of the rural household (P<0.1). Difficulties in using the mobile phone effectively without the assistance of a third party and the vast charge on the use of mobile financial services were vital factors limiting financial inclusion of the rural households. Hence, the study recommends the need for more sensitisation and training on the use of major financial services to ensure integration of all willing users of financial services
NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND UTILIZATION OF WATER HYACINTH -CASSAVA PEELS SILAGE BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) GOATS
Authors: Tawose O M , Ekeocha A H , Oluwadele J F
Published: April 2024

Twenty West African Dwarf goats aged between 1-1.5 years and balanced for sex, weighingbetween 11kg–12kg were fed variable levels of Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) incassava peels silage. The aim was to investigate the nutritional value and utilization of waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in cassava peels silage. A completely randomized design withfive treatments and four replicates was used as water hyacinth replaced cassava peels at 0%(control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60% in the formulated diets designated as WH0, WH15,WH30, WH45 and WH60 respectively with 20% Panicum maximum and 20% sundriedpoultry droppings added to make up complete diets. At the end of the study; the observed drymatter intake, crude protein intake and average live weight gain values were significantly(P<0.05) different and were influenced by the treatment diets. The best performance indiceswere seen in the goats fed treatment (WH0) at significant (P<0.05) levels while goats fedtreatment WH15 compared favourably with the control. Goats fed higher water hyacinth levelsin WH30, WH45 and WH60 presented relatively lower performance indices. Hence 15%water hyacinth inclusion (WH15) in West African Dwarf goat’s diet would be a good sourceof nutrient and a valuable alternative feedstuff for ruminant animals during the dry seasonsand food scarcity periods.
Made in the Image of God: Seeing Humanity as God Sees Us
Authors: Hazlett Latasha
Published: April 2024

While many within the Christian tradition believe that humanity has been made in the image of God, there are differing views of what happened to that divine image once sin and brokenness entered the world. If we believe that our divine nature has been lost or is something to be attained, it follows that we might easily recognize the image of God in some (such as those we consider “saved”) while having a harder time recognizing God’s image within others, especially those who are different from us. A colleague of mine shared a statement that summarizes the danger of this phenomenon well: “when we fail to recognize someone’s divinity, we fail to recognize their humanity.” Great thinkers and social activists such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Archbishop Desmond Tutu have also stressed the importance of recognizing the divine image that is inherent in all people in order to prevent dehumanization, which leads to injustice and oppression. This paper will explore some of these thoughts in relation to the evolution of St. Augustine’s understanding of what it means to be made in the image of God. By applying Augustine’s three different perspectives on what sin does to our divine image, we will see the consequences of failing to recognize the divinity of others. This reality can show up today in everyday situations such as fearing or distrusting our neighbors, hurting others through attempts to show God’s “love”, and even in atrocities such as treating civilians and children as “collateral damage” in war. When we are truly able to see the image of God in ourselves and each other, we are compelled to genuinely love those who are different from us, including those we believe to be our enemies.
In Gaza, Israel Is Revealing the True Face of Zionism
Authors:   The board of Tzedek Chicago, Rosen Rabbi Brant
Published: April 2024

Rabbi Brant Rosen and the board of the congregation and synagogue of Tzedek Chicago recently released this statement in response to Israel’s ongoing military assault in Gaza. Although it is addressed to all people of conscience, it contains a specific challenge to the Jewish community at large. Rabbi Brant states “I’m immensely proud of the statement, which I hope will be considered seriously even (especially) by those members of the community aren’t ready to heed its words. Our statement is not so much an academic argument as it is a call to moral action. As we say in our statement, ‘We are witnessing the continuation of the Nakba in real time…Now more than ever, it is time for Jews of conscience to call out the essential injustice at the heart of Zionism in no uncertain terms.’”
Yahweh Saves: Why I believe in a non-violent God
Authors: Thompson Spencer Paul
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces, in plain terms, the case for a non-violent God. Written during a catastrophic war in Palestine/Israel, the paper argues that Jesus reveals the nature of God to humanity in his character, in his teachings, and in his actions, all of which were non-violent. The revelation of Jesus thus completes the trajectory of the Old Testament, affirming its theological advances while exploding the residual assumption of divine violence.
Predicting Vessel Tracks in Waterways for Maritime Anomaly Detection
Authors: Minßen Finn-Matthis , Klemm Jannik , Steidel Matthias , Niemi Arto
Published: April 2024

Many approaches to vessel track prediction and anomaly detection rely only on a vessel’s positional data. This paper examines whether including tide and weather data into the track prediction model improves accuracy. We predict vessel tracks in waterways using a bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) approach and a transformer model. For this purpose, the boundaries of the Elbe and Weser river waterways are merged with vessel position data. Additionally, tide data, as well as weather information, will be used to train the model. To ascertain whether this additional data improves the accuracy, the models have been trained with and without tide and weather data and evaluated against each other. Furthermore, we have investigate whether the predictions can be used for detecting anomalous vessel behaviour. Our results show that the lowest average error and the best RMSE, MSE, and MAE values have been achieved with the Bi-LSTM, where no tide and weather data have been used for training. We have also found that the transformer model is more accurate than a linear prediction model, which is used as a baseline. In addition, we have shown that deviations between predicted and real tracks can be labelled as anomalous. The results have shown that including tide and weather data does not necessarily improve the predictions. Adding data with a low information content to train a machine learning model may introduce noise or bias into the model. We believe that this phenomenon explains our results. Thereby this paper shows that simply adding this data to train the track prediction model may not enhance the overall accuracy.
Integrated Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Path Planning and Collision Avoidance Algorithms
Authors: Danielis Peter , Brekenfelder Willi , Parzyjegla Helge , Ghogari Pranavkumar , Stube Paul , Sill Torres Frank
Published: April 2024

This paper addresses the growing need for efficient autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) path planning, used in environmental monitoring, underwater surveillance, and search and rescue operations. The aim was to develop robust path planning strategies that ensure safe and efficient AUV navigation in complex and unpredictable underwater environments. Our approach combines path planning algorithms with the OMNeT++ network simulator. The procedures for the implementation of these algorithms and AUV motion simulation have been outlined. The algorithms were applied not only to single AUV missions but also to scenarios involving multiple AUVs, allowing exploration of cooperative and coordinated mission planning in diverse underwater settings. The results of the study demonstrate the potential of our approach to address real-world challenges encountered by AUVs. AUV behavior was observed in different simulated mission scenarios and environmental conditions. Our findings shed light on the adaptability of AUVs in the face of unexpected obstacles and dynamic ocean currents. In conclusion, this study contributes to the field of AUV applications, offering a path planning and simulation strategy adaptable to diverse AUV mission requirements. By utilizing simulation models, we illustrate AUVs' ability to autonomously adapt their mission plan and avoid obstacles during missions, improving operational efficiency and safety.
Tracking Carbon Intensity of Global Container Fleet: Carbon Emissions Index (CEI)
Authors: Vukić Luka
Published: April 2024

With increasing pressure on the environment and the adoption of regulatory frameworks and policies aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of shipping, data-driven solutions are increasingly being deployed. This is particularly relevant for container shipping as it has inherently fixed liner services that correlate with the dominance of fuel costs in the overall cost structure, but also with the trends of overall capacity expansion and severe exogenous influences that contribute to supply chain disruptions. This paper presents the methodological background of the Carbon Emissions Index (CEI), a tool to measure the CO2 emissions of global container shipping companies and to validate the dynamics of change between available container trade routes. A comprehensive systematic analysis of the metrics and operational variables used in the algorithm is presented, as well as an overview of the practical application of CEI intensity and dynamics using the selected container trade routes. The results of this research highlight the role of digitalization in measuring the carbon footprint of container companies and the importance of reporting environmental performance through indices in shipping as an integral part of the contingent of performance metrics.