bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lipid Profile, PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and Lipoprotein (a) Levels in Men Diagnosed With Localized High‐Grade Prostate Cancer and Men At‐Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bergeron Ann‐Charlotte , Wong‐Chong Emilie , Joncas France‐Hélène , Castonguay Chloé , Calon Frédéric , Seidah Nabil G. , Blais Jonatan , Robitaille Karine , Bergeron Alain , Fradet Vincent , Gangloff Anne
Published: January 2025

Background

Some cancers have been found to require abundant supplies of lipids for their development. One example is prostate cancer (PCa). To date, lipid‐modifying factors, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin‐like 3 protein (ANGPTL3), and lipoprotein(a) or Lp(a), have not been reported in men with PCa. The present study aimed to verify whether plasma levels of these lipid‐related proteins vary in men with PCa compared to at‐risk but cancer‐free men.

Methods

Plasma samples from 35 men with locally advanced PCa Gleason 8 and 9 versus 35 men at risk of PCa were selected as cases and controls. Blood samples were paired according to age and BMI. Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B), Lp(a), and lipid profiles were measured on an analytical platform (Roche Cobas). PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 levels were determined by ELISA.

Results

No significant change in lipids and related factors levels was observed between men with localized PCa Gleason 8 or 9 and matched controls. A correlation between ANGPTL3 and HDL levels was only confirmed in controls (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.0009). PCSK9 was inversely associated with PSA levels in the entire cohort (ρ = −0.31, p < 0.01), suggesting that factors influencing PCSK9 could also influence PSA levels. In controls only, PSA levels were correlated with LDL, Apo B, non‐HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (all ρ coefficients ≥ 0.35, all p‐values < 0.05). PCSK9 was correlated to LDL in PCa men, but the relationship was unexpectedly found to be inverse.

Conclusions

In this observational study, lipid profiles, PCSK9, ANGPTL3, and Lp(a) levels did not change in men diagnosed with locally advanced Gleason 8 or 9 PCa compared to at‐risk but cancer‐free men. The present data suggest a complex interplay between PCSK9, PSA, and the lipid profile in localized PCa.
High‐Temperature Pyrolysis Regulation of Schiff Base 3 d Coordination Clusters for Electrochemical Application
Authors: Wang Zhao , Rong Hongwei , Yang Xixian , Xi Xiaoxue , Chen Xueli , Li Yuebin , Yi Renshuai , Peng Xu
Published: January 2025

3Dtransition metal coordination clusters, as structurally diverse and designable metal‐organic hybrid systems, enable deliberate modulation of active sites and bridging motifs within their structural kernels, making them ideal precursors for tailored nanostructures via pyrolysis. Through precise control over metal/organic ratios, the composition, spatial configuration, and electronic structure of derived nanomaterials can be effectively regulated, holding great promise for establishing structure‐property relations and achieving optimized functional materials. In this review, nanostructures of Schiff base coordination clusters to control and optimize electrochemical energy storage/conversion performances. Specifically, coordination framework engineered clusters have been pyrolyzed into electrode materials for supercapacitors and electrocatalysts for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions, exhibiting significantly enhanced capacitance and catalytic activity. Furthermore, perspectives are provided on employing molecular‐level design principles of clusters in combination with pyrolysis optimization to develop next‐generation customized energy systems. Additional investigation into structure‐performance interdependencies will shed light on targeted optimization of cluster‐derived nanostructures.
Alloy Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Rong , Ma Xintao , Zhang Shaoce , Li Qing , Zhao Yuwei , Zhi Chunyi
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) represents a promising ammonia (NH3) production approach and has garnered significant attention in recent years. Owing to the highly tunable electronic structures and physicochemical properties, alloy materials have emerged as highly efficient catalysts for electrochemical NO3−RR. This review systematically examines the recent advancements in alloy catalysts including binary alloys and multi‐metal alloys for electrochemical NO3−RR, comprehensively analyzing their structure, catalytic activity, and the mechanisms for NO3−RR. In addition, the relationship between alloy catalysts′ composition, active sites, and catalytic activity are described, aiming to elucidate the underlying principles for high catalytic activity and guide the rational design of future alloy catalysts. Finally, this review addresses the challenges of alloy catalysts and proposes directions for future research and development.
The Impact of Sinusoidal Amplitude on Visualising Thermodynamic Dispersion in Fourier Transformed AC Voltammetry
Authors: Dale‐Evans Alister R. , Yates Nicholas D. J. , Snitkoff‐Sol Rifael Z. , Elbaz Lior , Bond Alan M. , Gavaghan David J. , Parkin Alison
Published: January 2025

Mathematical models of voltammetric experiments commonly contain a singular point value for the reversible potential, whereas experimental data for surface‐confined redox‐active species is often interpreted to contain thermodynamic dispersion, meaning the population of molecules on the electrode possess a distribution of reversible potential values. Large amplitude ramped Fourier Transformed Alternating Current Voltammetry (FTacV), a technique in which a sinusoidal potential‐time oscillation is overlaid onto a linear potential‐time ramp, is known to provide access to higher order harmonic components that are largely devoid of non‐Faradaic current. Initially, a theoretical study reveals that the use of very large amplitude sinusoidal oscillations reduces the apparent effects of thermodynamic dispersion; conversely, frequency can be varied to change the sensitivity of the measurement to kinetic dispersion. Subsequently, FTacV measurements are used to probe a highly thermodynamically dispersed surface‐confined ferrocene derivative attached to a glassy carbon electrode, with amplitudes ranging from 25 to 300 mV and low frequency, which minimises the impact of kinetic dispersion. The results from the experimental study validate the theoretical predictions, demonstrating that we can vary the amplitude in FTacV experiments to tune in and out of thermodynamic dispersion.
Metastatic Hobnail Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Initially Diagnosed by Pleural Effusion: Case Report of a Rare and Intriguing Entity
Authors: Hawes Julia , Strange Taylor , Iqbal Fatima , Clement Cecilia G.
Published: January 2025

Hobnail papillary thyroid carcinoma (HNPTC) is an unusual and aggressive variant of PTC. Malignant pleural effusion secondary to thyroid carcinoma is a rare event reported in less than 1% of cases. Herein we present a case of metastatic HNPTC initially diagnosed by pleural effusion cytology, with a very poor outcome. A 42‐year‐old male with no previous cancer history, presented with an anterior neck mass growing for the past year. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large complex cystic lesion with mass effect on the anterior thyroid gland, along with multiple neck and mediastinal necrotic lymph nodes, suspicion for metastasis. CT of the thorax showed lung nodules and a large left pleural effusion. Fluid was drained and sent for cytologic examination which revealed malignant cells predominantly in a micropapillary pattern with apically placed, bulged, “hobnail‐like” appearance; intranuclear pseudo‐inclusions or chromatin clearing was not seen. Based on cytomorphologic findings and immunohistochemical results (CK7 and PAX‐8 positive; TTF‐1, Napsin‐A, and mesothelial markers negative), final diagnosis of HNPTC metastatic to pleural fluid was made. Fine‐needle aspiration of neck mass showed similar cytomorphologic findings, confirming a thyroid origin. However, the patient experienced complications, rapid deterioration and died 6 months after diagnosis. The intersection of clinical‐radiologic findings, cytology, and immunohistochemistry guided the identification of this rare variant of PTC as the origin of the malignant pleural effusion. We believe this case provides a valuable insight into the complexities involved in the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma and emphasizes the significance of proper identification of rare variants.
Breeding‐Related Changes in Social Interactions Among Female Vulturine Guineafowl
Authors: Dehnen Tobit , Nyaguthii Brendah , Cherono Wismer , Boogert Neeltje J. , Farine Damien R.
Published: January 2025

Agonistic and affiliative interactions with group members dictate individual access to resources, and investment in competing for resources is often traded off with other needs. For example, reproductive investment can reduce body condition and, thereby, an individual's ability to win future agonistic interactions. However, group members may also alter their behaviour towards reproductive individuals, such as becoming more or less aggressive. Here, we investigated the social consequences of reproduction in female vulturine guineafowl Acryllium vulturinum, a plural breeder in which females disperse and are subordinate to males. We found opposing patterns for within‐ and between‐sex dominance interactions experienced by females from before to after breeding. Specifically, breeding females became far less likely to win dominance interactions with non‐breeding females after breeding than before breeding, but received considerably fewer male aggressions than non‐breeding females after breeding. Despite a limited sample size, our study reveals that reproduction can have nuanced trade‐offs with dominance and suggests that the study of dominance may benefit from explicitly considering variation in interaction rates as an additional factor affecting individuals.
Real‐world comparative effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan versus RAS inhibition alone in patients with de novo heart failure
Authors: Bhatt Ankeet S. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Jena Barada P. , Suminska Sylwia , Eid Carlos , Schwende Heike , Senni Michele
Published: January 2025

Aims

Large‐scale, real‐world data on early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients newly diagnosed (de novo) with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are limited. We examined the effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan versus angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) on all‐cause and cause‐specific hospitalizations among patients with de novo HFrEF from the Optum® dataset in the United States.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with de novo HFrEF (diagnosed ≤30 days) with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% who were first prescribed with sacubitril/valsartan or ACEi/ARB from 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2020. The primary endpoint (all‐cause hospitalization) and secondary endpoints were analysed in propensity score‐matched cohorts.

Results

A cohort of 3290 patients with de novo HFrEF who were prescribed with sacubitril/valsartan and a propensity‐matched cohort of 6580 patients who were prescribed with ACEi/ARB were analysed. Overall, the mean (SD) age of patients was 63 (14) years, 34% were women, and baseline characteristics were balanced across treatment groups. Hypertension (67%), diabetes (33%) and chronic kidney disease (28%) were highly prevalent comorbidities. Patients in the sacubitril/valsartan cohort when compared with the ACEi/ARB cohort had lower annual rates of all‐cause hospitalizations [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–0.89, P < 0.001], cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations (IRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.87, P < 0.001) and HF hospitalizations (IRR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.95, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Among patients with de novo HFrEF, sacubitril/valsartan (compared with that of ACEi/ARB) was associated with fewer all‐cause, CV and HF hospitalizations. These findings are consistent with clinical trial evidence suggesting potential benefits of early initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with HFrEF, including those soon after diagnosis.
Enhancement of Hydrogen Production Using an Integrated Evacuated Tube Solar Collector and PEM Electrolyzer With Al2O3 and SiO2 Hybrid Nanofluids
Authors: Sathish T. , Saravanan R. , Arunachalam S. Jothi , Giri Jayant , Al‐lehaibi Moaz , Lalvani J. Isaac JoshuaRamesh
Published: January 2025

The motivation for this study stems from the global demand for clean energy solutions and the limitations of conventional fluids in hydrogen production systems. By exploring hybrid nanofluids, this research aims to enhance efficiency and sustainability in solar‐thermal energy applications. An evacuated tube solar collector (ETSC) with a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer efficiently harnesses solar energy for hydrogen production. The ETSC's vacuum design minimizes heat loss, providing consistent thermal performance. This system enables clean hydrogen generation, reducing emissions. This study investigated the integration of an ETSC with a PEM electrolyzer and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for efficient hydrogen production. Water as the working fluid in the ETSC circuit resulted in lower hydrogen production rates, prompting the introduction of Al2O3 and SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles at a 50:50 ratio to form an enhanced hybrid nanofluid. The resulting various volume concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) of the hybrid nanofluid were tested, yielding energy gains of 13.22%, 21.37%, 30.38%, and 48.52%, respectively, compared to water. The ORC efficiency enhanced by 12.29% at 0.5 vol.%, 23.10% at 1 vol.%, 34.15% at 1.5 vol.%, and 48.40% at 2 vol.%. The PEM electrolyzer produced a maximum hydrogen yield of 3105.6 g, with an overall system efficiency of 71.3% and hydrogen production of 2156.7 g at 2 vol.%, demonstrating the significant performance enhancements achieved with hybrid nanofluids. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of hybrid nanofluids in enhancing system efficiency and hydrogen output, underscoring their importance in promoting sustainable hydrogen production technologies.
Studies on Utilization of Millets and Erythritol for Development of Low Calorie Multi Millet Muffin
Authors: Sabale Anjali N. , Udachan Iranna S.
Published: January 2025

The increasing consumer preference for healthier snack options is driving innovation in low calorie food products. The aim of this study was to develop low‐calorie multi‐millet muffins by incorporating nutritious millets and substituting sugar with erythritol, thereby providing a healthier alternative. A set of trials were conducted using response surface methodology to optimize millet flours and study their effect on product responses. The levels of finger millet flour, foxtail millet flour, barnyard millet flour and refined wheat flour were kept between 20–60 g, 20–40 g, 20–50 g, and 20–60 g respectively. According to the outcome, the optimum formula was one with 20 g finger millet flour, 20 g foxtail millet flour, 40 g barnyard millet flour and 60 g refined wheat flour. To optimize erythritol, six formulations were prepared including a control muffin with 100% sugar and others with sugar to erythritol ratios of (80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, 0:100) respectively. Muffins were analyzed for their physical, textural and chemical properties. Sensory evaluation of muffins was done by a semi‐trained panel using the nine‐point hedonic scale. Sensory analysis revealed that muffin formulation with 80% erythritol was highly accepted by panelists for its color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptability.
Diagnosis and treatment of AML in the context of WHO and ICC 2022 classifications: Divergent nomenclature converges on common therapies
Authors: Platzbecker Uwe , Larson Richard A. , Gurbuxani Sandeep
Published: January 2025

As a consequence of rapidly developing genetic technologies and advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the classification of AML has moved gradually from a morphologic and cytochemical‐based system to one that is genetically defined. Recent molecular and genetic developments have been integrated into the diagnostic criteria for AML in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours and the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC) of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias, expanding the list of genetically defined entities. In this review article, we use a case‐based format describing the diagnostic workup, risk stratification, and possible treatment options to highlight the impact of the 2022 WHO and ICC classifications on clinical practice. We show that despite much commentary and anguish, there is a significant overlap between the two classifications. We further highlight the fact that even for entities with divergent nomenclature, such as TP53‐mutated AML, the actual genetic lesion leads to convergent therapy.
Recurrence of seminoma 48 years after orchiectomy: Longest late recurrence and treatment
Authors: Miyazaki Shinya , Ogura Ryota , Ohashi Munehiro , Shimizu Teruki , Taga Hideto , Ueda Takashi , Okumi Masayoshi , Hongo Fumiya , Ukimura Osamu
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Although not frequent, the recurrence of seminoma later than 5–10 years after orchiectomy has been reported. We report a case of recurrence of seminoma 48 years after orchiectomy, with metastasis to the para‐aorta that was treated with chemotherapy.

Case presentation

An 83‐year‐old man had an incidentally enlarged para‐aortic lymph node noted on computed tomography. Needle biopsy revealed metastasis from a seminoma that had been treated with orchiectomy at age 35. Chemotherapy was introduced but discontinued after the first course due to side effects. However, a decrease in fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation on positron emission tomography was observed, with no subsequent re‐enlargement of the tumor.

Conclusion

Chemotherapy was introduced for an elderly patient with the longest known late relapse. Dose reduction should be considered in cases with good prognosis, considering factors such as age.
Development of a Double Tuned 2H/31P Whole‐Body Birdcage Transmit Coil for 2H and 31P MR Applications From Head to Toe at 7 T
Authors: Gursan Ayhan , Kahraman‐Agir Busra , Gosselink Mark , Welting Dimitri , Froeling Martijn , Hoogduin Hans , Wiegers Evita C. , Prompers Jeanine J. , Klomp Dennis W. J.
Published: January 2025

Deuterium (2H) and phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are complementary methods for evaluating tissue metabolism noninvasively in vivo. Combined 2H and 31P MRS would therefore be of interest for various applications, from cancer to diabetes. Loop coils are commonly used in X‐nuclei studies in the human body for both transmit and receive. However, loop coils suffer from limited penetration depth and inhomogeneous B1+ field. The purpose of this work is to develop a double tuned 2H/31P whole‐body birdcage transmit coil for 7 T for 2H and 31P MRS imaging (MRSI) with homogeneous excitation over a large field‐of‐view. The performance of the 2H/31P birdcage coil was assessed on B1+ fields over a body‐sized phantom at 2H and 31P frequencies using an 8‐channel 2H/31P receive array. Using two elements of the 2H/31P receive array, natural abundance 2H and 31P 3D MRSI data at rest were acquired consecutively in the brain and lower leg muscles. Additionally, 2H and 31P 3D MRSI data were acquired from one volunteer 90 min after [6,6′‐2H2]‐glucose intake, using 8‐channel 2H/31P receive array around the abdomen. The B1+ variation of the whole‐body birdcage coil over the phantom was 12.1% for 2H and 19.2% for 31P. High‐quality 2H and 31P 3D MRSI data were acquired from the brain and the lower leg. Whole liver coverage was achieved in both 2H and 31P 3D MRSI data. The developed 2H/31P whole‐body birdcage transmit coil allows simultaneous 3D mapping of glucose and energy metabolism and membrane turnover throughout the human body.
Command Filtered Adaptive Fuzzy Event‐Triggered Control for Stochastic Time‐Delay Nonlinear System With Time‐Varying Output Constraints
Authors: Zhao Xuejing , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Zongyao , Lan QiXun , Yu Dengxiu
Published: January 2025

In this article, an adaptive fuzzy event‐triggered tracking control strategy is proposed for stochastic time‐delay nonlinear systems with time‐varying output constraints based on command filtered technology. First, we combine a barrier Lyapunov function with the backstepping method to deal with the time‐varying asymmetric output constraints. Simultaneously, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is employed to compensate for the effect of time‐delay. Second, a command filtered technique is introduced to address the “explosion of complexity” issue caused by the backstepping process. Furthermore, an error compensation mechanism is established to mitigate the effects of the error generated by the command filter. Subsequently, the universal approximation capability of the fuzzy logic system is utilized to handle the system's unknown nonlinear terms. Notably, the design of the event‐triggered mechanism is effective in significantly reducing the communication burden and enhancing resource utilization. The presented control scheme not only guarantees that all signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded but also remains free of Zeno behavior without violating the output constraints. Finally, two simulation examples validate the feasibility of the scheme.
Work‐Stressors and Depression and Anxiety—A Longitudinal Study of the Moderating Role of Self‐Compassion
Authors: de Krijger E. , ten Klooster P. M. , Geuze E. , Kelders S. M. , Bohlmeijer E. T.
Published: January 2025

Self‐compassion has been defined as being open to one's suffering, not avoiding or disconnecting from it, coupled with the kind and caring motivation to alleviate one's suffering. There is increasing evidence that self‐compassion might function as a buffer against the negative mental health effects of experiencing work‐stressors. However, while this moderating role of self‐compassion has been demonstrated when measures of subjective stress are used, different studies that use measures of more objective potential stressors failed to demonstrate a moderating role of self‐compassion. Furthermore, while cross‐sectional studies offer increasing support for this moderation effect of self‐compassion, few studies have examined this in longitudinal designs which may provide more robust insight into the role of self‐compassion on the relation between work stress experiences and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The aims of the current study were to examine whether self‐compassion moderates the concurrent and prospective association between a measure of potential work‐stressors and depressive and anxious symptomatology. The method consisted of a longitudinal survey study in a sample of 246 military personnel with three measurements, half a year apart from each other. Latent moderated structural equation modelling was conducted to test the potential moderating effect of self‐compassion. Self‐compassion was shown to significantly moderate the association between work‐stressors and depressive and anxiety symptomatology, both cross‐sectionally and prospectively after 6 and 12 months. Specifically, the experience of work‐stressors was positively associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety when self‐compassion was low and this association became weaker when self‐compassion was at a medium or high level. The results of the current study suggest that higher levels of work‐related stress covary more strongly with symptoms of depression and anxiety over time in personnel with lower levels of self‐compassion.
Configuration Testing of an Artificial Pancreas System Using a Digital Twin: An Evaluative Case Study
Authors: Somers Richard , Walkinshaw Neil , Mark Hierons Robert , Elliott Jackie , Iqbal Ahmed , Walkinshaw Emma
Published: January 2025

The recent growth in popularity of wearable medical devices has improved the quality of life of people with medical conditions. Testing such devices may require users to configure these systems using physical trials, putting themselves in potentially dangerous scenarios. Misconfiguration of such devices has caused disease misdiagnoses and incorrect drug prescriptions. Digital twins have been proposed as an opportunity to reduce such risks of testing system configurations in simulated environments, decoupling the user from the system under test. In this paper, we perform an evaluative case study to assess the use of a digital twin for configuration testing of an artificial pancreas system (APS) control algorithm. These systems regulate the blood glucose levels in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and so misconfigurations can cause severe hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia, which can be life‐threatening. We tested the OpenAPS control algorithm against 156 people's clinical data. We found that our digital twin provided an accurate simulation environment to perform configuration testing and accurately predict blood glucose–insulin behaviour. We evaluated different APS configurations, identifying a potentially unsafe configuration without the risks associated with a physical trial. We identified the challenges associated with modelling clinical data, which could lead to misinterpretations in configuration testing and the reduction of test reliability when modelling stochastic body dynamics.
Influence of Chemo‐Hydrodynamical Oscillations in Bimolecular Reactions on Mixing
Authors: Bigaj Adam , Budroni Marcello A. , Rongy Laurence
Published: January 2025

Self‐organizing behaviors have long been studied in complex chemical systems involving a nonlinear chemical feedback (e. g. the Belousov‐Zhabotinsky and Bray‐Liebhafsky reactions). Here we explore the emergence of oscillatory dynamics by coupling simpler chemical processes, in the form of a bimolecular reaction, and natural convection (i. e. flows induced by changes in density and surface tension occurring during the reaction). We study and classify different possible scenarios based on the interplay between chemically‐driven Marangoni‐ (surface tension induced) and buoyancy‐driven (density induced) flows. This coupling can either be antagonistic, whereby both generated flows are opposing (e. g. a reaction increasing the surface tension and decreasing the density), or cooperative if both flows act in the same direction (e. g. a reaction increasing both surface tension and density). We further investigate the impact of these oscillations on the mixing and reaction rate.
I’m Afraid HAL Can’t Do That: Your Smart Home Is Not That Kind of Existential Threat
Authors: Zebrowski Robin L.
Published: January 2025

This chapter starts at the cliché of the smart home that has gone rogue and introduces the question of whether these integrated, distributed systems can have ethical frameworks like human ethics that could prevent the science fictional trope of the evil, sentient house. I argue that such smart systems are not a threat on their own, because these kinds of integrated, distributed systems are not the kind of things that could be conscious, a precondition for having ethics like ours (and ethics like ours enable the possibility of being the kinds of things that could be evil). To make these arguments, I look to the history of AI/artificial consciousness and 4e cognition, concluding with the idea that our human ethics as designers and consumers of these systems is the real ethical concern with smart life systems.
Conclusions
Authors: Hollnaicher Simon
Published: January 2025

This chapter summarizes the findings of the book, offering a concise version of the answer the book gives to the “value problem in assessing feasibility”. It provides an overview of the book's argument, outlining how each chapter contributes to addressing this issue. The chapter also reflects on the book’s limitations, acknowledging the diversity within the field of integrated modeling and the normative standpoint adopted in the discussion. The chapter situates the book’s contribution within existing debates, emphasizing how it advances understanding of feasibility assessments in value-laden contexts. Finally, it cautions that despite their inherent value-dependence, Integrated Assessment Models convey a clear and robust call to action—the current trajectory of emissions must be decisively reversed to achieve sustainable futures.
Density of states, black holes and the Emergent String Conjecture
Authors: Bedroya Alek , Mishra Rashmish K. , Wiesner Max
Published: January 2025

Abstract

We study universal features of the density of one-particle states ρ(E) in weakly coupled theories of gravity at energies above the quantum gravity cutoff Λ, defined as the scale suppressing higher-derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action. Using thermodynamic properties of black holes, we show that in asymptotically flat spacetimes, certain features of ρ(E) above the black hole threshold M
min are an indicator for the existence of large extra dimensions, and cannot be reproduced by any lower-dimensional field theory with finitely many fields satisfying the weak energy condition. Based on the properties of gravitational scattering amplitudes, we argue that there needs to exist a (possibly higher-dimensional) effective description of gravity valid up to the cutoff Λ. Combining this with thermodynamic arguments we demonstrate that ρ(E) has to grow exponentially for energies Λ ≪ E ≪ M
min. Furthermore we show that the tension of any weakly coupled p-brane with p ≥ 1 is bounded from below by Λ
p+1. We use this to argue that any tower of weakly coupled states with mass below Λ has to be a Kaluza-Klein (KK) tower. Altogether these results indicate that in gravitational weak-coupling limits the lightest tower of states is either a KK tower, or has an exponentially growing degeneracy thereby resembling a string tower. This provides evidence for the Emergent String Conjecture without explicitly relying on string theory or supersymmetry.
Towards tree Yang-Mills and Yang-Mills-scalar amplitudes with higher-derivative interactions
Authors: Zhou Kang , Hu Chang
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In our recent works, a new approach for constructing tree amplitudes, based on exploiting soft behaviors, was proposed. In this paper, we extend this approach to effective theories for gluons which incorporate higher-derivative interactions. By applying our method, we construct tree Yang-Mills (YM) and Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) amplitudes with the single insertion of F
3 local operator, as well as the YM amplitudes those receive contributions from both F
3 and F
4 operators, for arbitrary number of external particles. All results are represented as universal expansions to appropriate basis. We also conjecture a compact general formula for tree YM amplitudes with higher mass dimension, which allows us to generate them from ordinary YM amplitudes, and discuss the consistent factorizations of the conjectured formula.
Operator dimension parity fractionalization
Authors: Murphy Christopher W.
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Lorentz invariant quantum field theories (QFTs) with fermions in four spacetime dimensions (4D) have a ℤ
4 symmetry provided there exists a basis of operators in the QFT where all operators have even operator dimension, d, including those with d > 4. The ℤ
4 symmetry is the extension of operator dimension parity by fermion number parity. If the ℤ
4 is anomaly-free, such QFTs can be related to 3D topological superconductors. Additionally, imposing the ℤ
4 symmetry on the Standard Model effective field theory severely restricts the allowed processes that violate baryon and lepton numbers.
A window into intracellular events in myositis through subcellular proteomics
Authors: Peterson Jennifer M. , Leclair Valérie , Oyebode Olumide E. , Herzallah Dema M. , Nestor-Kalinoski Andrea L. , Morais Jose , Zahedi René P. , Alamr Mazen , Di Battista John A. , Hudson Marie
Published: January 2025

Objective and design

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory muscle disorders of unknown etiology. It is postulated that mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation in skeletal muscle contribute to myofiber degeneration. However, molecular pathways that lead to protein aggregation in skeletal muscle are not well defined.

Subjects

Here we have isolated membrane-bound organelles (e.g., nuclei, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane) from muscle biopsies of normal (n = 3) and muscle disease patients (n = 11). Of the myopathy group, 10 patients displayed mitochondrial abnormalities (IIM (n = 9); mitochondrial myopathy (n = 1)), and one IIM patient did not show mitochondrial abnormalities (polymyositis).

Methods

Global proteomic analysis was performed using an Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer. Upon unsupervised clustering, normal and mitochondrial myopathy muscle samples clustered separately from IIM samples.

Results

We have confirmed previously known protein alterations in IIM and identified several new ones. For example, we found differential expression of (i) nuclear proteins that control cell division, transcription, RNA regulation, and stability, (ii) ER and Golgi proteins involved in protein folding, degradation, and protein trafficking in the cytosol, and (iii) mitochondrial proteins involved in energy production/metabolism and alterations in cytoskeletal and contractile machinery of the muscle.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrates that molecular alterations are not limited to protein aggregations in the cytosol (inclusions) and occur in nuclear, mitochondrial, and membrane compartments of IIM skeletal muscle.
D-Serine disrupts Cbln1 and GluD1 interaction and affects Cbln1-dependent synaptic effects and nocifensive responses in the central amygdala
Authors: Sabnis Siddhesh S. , S. Narasimhan Kishore Kumar , Chettiar Poojashree B. , Shelkar Gajanan P. , Dravid Shashank M.
Published: January 2025

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the nervous system. In addition to NMDA receptor co-agonists, D-serine is a ligand for glutamate delta receptors (GluDs) and interacts with the ligand-binding domain with low affinity. However, D-serine binding does not lead to typical ion channel currents in GluD1 or GluD2 but may contribute to synaptic plasticity. In the developing brain, D-serine binding to GluD2 facilitates long-term depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. However, the influence of D-serine on GluD1's interaction with its amino terminal domain synaptogenic ligand Cbln1 and its subsequent impact on synaptic function and behavior remains unexplored. Here, we found that D-serine inhibited the interaction between Cbln1 and GluD1 in an in vitro cell-binding assay. This effect was concentration-dependent, with an IC50 value of ~ 300 µM. Furthermore, in ex vivo central amygdala (CeA) slices application of recombinant Cbln1 (rCbln1), consistent with its synaptogenic property, produced a robust increase in excitatory neurotransmission and GluD1 expression. This effect of rCbln1 was partially blocked by pre-treatment with D-serine. Finally, in behavioral experiments, we observed that the pro-nociceptive effect of intra-CeA injection of rCbln1 was inhibited by pre-treatment with D-serine. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of intra-CeA rCbln1 injection in an inflammatory pain model was blocked by D-serine. Overall, these results demonstrated that D-serine binding to GluD1 reduces its interaction with Cbln1, which may be relevant to synaptic plasticity and behavior.

Graphical Abstract
Überlastungssyndrome am Kniegelenk
Authors: Benefelds Marc , Mayr Raul , Hackl Wolfgang , Schneider Friedemann
Published: January 2025

Überlastungssyndrome am Kniegelenk sind eines der häufigsten Beschwerdebilder im Sport überhaupt. Es kann aber auch den Nichtsporttreibenden betreffen. In der Regel ist die Ursache muskulär bedingt, kann ihren Ursprung aber auch vom Knorpel oder der Gelenkkapsel haben. Zudem gilt es, andere Krankheitsbilder abzugrenzen. Zur Erstellung einer korrekten Diagnose ist eine detaillierte Untersuchung unumgänglich. Die alleinige Abklärung nur mittels Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) reicht oft nicht aus, wenn der klinische Befund ungenügend erhoben wurde. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Erkrankungen sowie deren Entstehung und Therapie dargestellt.
Efficacy of 100-U Onabotulinumtoxin A Treatment in Female Idiopathic Overactive Bladder—A Prospective Follow-Up Study
Authors: Nurkkala Mona , Salo Heini , Piltonen Terhi , Sova Henri , Rossi Henna-Riikka
Published: January 2025

Introduction and Hypothesis

Overactive bladder (OAB) affects 11–17% of the female population. First-line treatment with lifestyle modifications and second-line therapy with medications are often limited by inadequate efficacy or pharmacological side effects. This study was aimed at assessing the effect of 100 U onabotulinumtoxin A treatment on idiopathic OAB (iOAB) as a second-line treatment.

Methods

This prospective follow-up study involved 94 women who received onabotulinumtoxin A treatment at a dose of 100 U as a second-line treatment for iOAB at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland, between May 2018 and December 2023. The impact of the treatment on iOAB symptoms was evaluated 3 months after administration using self-reported symptoms and the following internationally validated questionnaires: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7), and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6). Postoperative complications were assessed.

Results

The follow-up data were obtained from 74 (78%) patients, of whom 66 (95.7%) reported a good outcome and 3 (4.3%) reported a poor outcome. Incontinence episodes, the number of incontinence pads needed, and daily micturitions were significantly reduced. For all questionnaires, the total scores decreased significantly after the treatment (VAS 8.27 ± 1.78 vs 3.50 ± 3.08, p < 0.001; IIQ-7 72.14 ± 20.55 vs 28.73 ± 29.40, p < 0.001; UDI-6 55.01 ± 18.86 vs 29.66 ± 22.03, p < 0.001). Postoperative urinary tract infection occurred in 9 patients (9.6%), whereas urinary retention occurred in 6 patients (6.4%).

Conclusions

Onabotulinumtoxin A (100 U) demonstrates good effectiveness in the second-line treatment of female iOAB.
Museomic analyses clarify species diversity in the icefish genus Channichthys
Authors: Garmann-Aarhus Benedicte , Nikolaeva Ekaterina , Desvignes Thomas , Straube Nicolas , Matschiner Michael
Published: January 2025

The rapid diversification of notothenioid fishes in Antarctic waters is a prime example of the process of adaptive radiation. Within around 10 million years, Antarctic notothenioids have diversified into over 100 species with a broad range of lifestyles and ecological adaptations. However, the exact number of species within this radiation has long been unclear. Particularly challenging is the taxonomy of the genus Channichthys, for which between one and nine species have been recognized by different authors. The putative species of this genus are known from a limited number of specimens, of which most were sampled decades ago. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial genomes of museum specimens representing the four species Unicorn Icefish (C. rhinoceratus), Red Icefish (C. rugosus), Sailfish Pike (C. velifer), and Charcoal Icefish (C. panticapaei), complemented by morphological analyses. All analyzed specimens were collected in the 1960s and 1970s and fixed in formaldehyde, and their DNA has been heavily degraded. Applying ancient-DNA protocols for DNA extraction and single-stranded library preparation, we were able to obtain sufficient endogenous DNA to reconstruct the mitochondrial genomes of one specimen per species. These mitochondrial genome sequences were nearly identical for the three specimens assigned to Unicorn Icefish, Red Icefish, and Sailfish Pike, while greater divergence was observed for the Charcoal Icefish specimens. We discuss possible explanations of the contrast between these molecular results and the recognizable morphological variation found among the four species, and recommend that at least the Charcoal Icefish be included in the list of valid notothenioid species.
A practical work around for breast density distribution discrepancies between mammographic images from different vendors
Authors: Wagner Tobias , Cockmartin Lesley , Wang Yao-Kuan , Marshall Nicholas , Bosmans Hilde
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Investigate the impact of mammography device grouped by vendor on volumetric breast density and propose a method that mitigates biases when determining the proportion of high-density women.

Materials and methods

Density grade class and volumetric breast density distributions were obtained from mammographic images from three different vendor devices in different centers using breast density evaluation software in a retrospective study. Density distributions were compared across devices with a Mann–Whitney U test and breast density thresholds corresponding to distribution percentiles calculated. A method of matching density percentiles is proposed to determine women at potentially high risk while mitigating possible bias due to the device used for screening.

Results

2083 (mean age 59 ± 5.4), 531 (mean age 58.8 ± 5.7) and 244 (mean age 60.7 ± 6.0) screened women were evaluated on three vendor devices, respectively. Both the density grade distribution and the volumetric breast density were different between Vendor 1 and Vendor 2 data (p < 0.001) and between Vendor 1 and Vendor 3 data (p < 0.001). Between Vendor 2 and Vendor 3, no significant difference was observed (p = 0.67 for density grade, p = 0.29 for volumetric density). To recruit the top 10% of women with extremely dense breasts required respective density thresholds of 16.1%, 13.6% and 13.8% for the three vendor devices.

Conclusion

Density grade class and volumetric breast density distributions differ between devices grouped by vendor and can result in statistically different breast density distributions. Percentile-dependent density thresholds can ensure unbiased selection of high-risk women.

Key Points

Question

Does the use of x-ray systems from different vendors influence breast density evaluation and the resulting selection of high-risk women during breast cancer screening?

Findings

Statistically significant differences were observed between breast density distributions of different vendors; a method of matching via percentiles is proposed to prevent biased density evaluations.

Clinical relevance

Measured breast density distributions differed between X-ray devices. A workaround is proposed that determines density thresholds corresponding to a specified population, allowing the same proportion of women to be selected with a density algorithm.

Graphical Abstract
Frequency of CMV testing during pregnancy-a retrospective study
Authors: Hadjiiona A. , Michaelides I. , Kummer P. , Kappelmeyer M. , Koeninger A. , Reuschel E.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The cytomegalovirus (CMV) belongs to the family of human Herpesviridae and is distributed worldwide. It is the most common cause of viral congenital infections and can have serious consequences for the health of the fetus in the event of a vertical transmission. This study, taking place for the first time in Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, aims to evaluate the frequency of CMV testing among pregnant women in our region in Germany, which for some individuals can be an expensive individual health service.

Methods

Retrospectively, 1000 pregnant patients aged 17–45 years who were treated in the University Clinic St. Hedwig, Regensburg, Germany, were included in the study. It was investigated whether a CMV test was carried out during pregnancy and which results were obtained.

Results

597 patients (59.7%) had not received a CMV test during pregnancy. Among the 403 (40.3%) patients who had undergone CMV testing, seropositivity was detected in 143 (35.5%). 257 patients (63.8%) were seronegative, while 3 (0.74%) had a primary infection.

Conclusion

Although CMV is the most common pathogen of viral congenital infections and can severely impair the health of affected newborns, CMV diagnostics during pregnancy is still not an integral part of the maternity guidelines in Germany, but rather an individual healthcare service, meaning that the patients undergoing the test must bear the full cost. An antiviral treatment with valacyclovir has shown good preventive and therapeutic success, but unfortunately, there is currently no vaccination available to prevent vertical transmission, which is why early diagnosis and hygiene measures are the most important means of preventing seroconversion of the mother and possible infection of the fetus.
Risk factors for surgery in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction due to antenatally detected ınfantil hydronephrosis
Authors: Aytac Mehmet Baha , Ergul Sule Ayas , Dogan Kenan , Malkoc Neslihan Dincer , Ozgur Merve Aktas , Ozkurkcugil Cuneyd , Teke Kerem , Bayrak Busra Yaprak , Ekinci Zelal , Bek Kenan
Published: January 2025

Background

Although the majority of cases with antenatally detected hydronephrosis (ANH) resolve during postnatal period; patients should be monitored for the risk of developing ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) which requires surgical intervention. We aimed to define independent risk factors for operation in whom diagnosis of UPJO was precisely proven with histopathological evidence.

Methods

Medical files of 155 children (186 renal units) with anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APPD) ≥ 7 mm or ≥ 1SFU (Society of Fetal Urology) grade of pelvicalyceal dilatation were retrospectively investigated. Patients who underwent pyeloplasty and whose pathological examinations of resected ureteral samples confirmed obstruction, were compared to non-interventional group in terms of demographics, serum creatinine, APPD, SFU grade, cortical thickness and diuretic renogram. Multiple regression models were used to predict independent risk factors for pyeloplasty.

Results

155 patients (186 renal units) were recruited for the study. Pyeloplasty was performed in 50(32.2%) patients. Increased APPD, T1/2 and Tmax values with low parenchymal thickness and DRF were demonstrated in operated patients compared to those who did not. Significant decrease in APPD and T1/2 values and also significant improvement in parenchymal thickness were observed in conservatively managed group. Multivariate analysis revealed high APPD measurements and time activity curve patterns to be associated with significantly increased likelihood of surgical intervention.

Conclusions

There is still an ongoing debate on which screening method should be used for the accurate diagnosis of UPJO or the indications for surgical intervention. Baseline APPD and diuretic renogram curve were found to be significant in predicting surgery for UPJO.