bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of role of serum magnesium in preventing carotid atherosclerosis in chronic kidney diseases patients
Authors: Gulati Yuvraj , Rastogi Ishita , Giri Richa
Published: April 2023

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in CKD mainly due to accelerated atherosclerosis. Mg2+ possesses an anti-atherosclerotic effect, because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, by inhibiting endothelial proliferation and inhibiting the upregulation of PAI 1 and VCAM 1. Mg2+ deficiency promotes hydroxyapatite formation and calcification of VSMC thus leading to accelerated plaque formation. Aim and objectives of current study were to evaluate relationship between serum Mg2+ level and atherosclerotic changes in patients with CKD.
Methods: This hospital based observational cross-sectional study has been carried out in department of KPS institute of medicine, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. 58 subjects were recruited and underwent routine tests including Serum urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, iPTH, Magnesium and intima media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery via Doppler study.
Results: In our study the mean value of Mg2+ was 2.25 mg/dl±0.81 17 out of 58 patients (29.3%) had hypomagnesemia. Intima Media thickness of carotid artery had an observed mean value of 1.0 cm±0.24, with mostly increased in those who had hypomagnesemia. Serum Mg2+ was negatively correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.677 and -0.704) with CIMT with statistical significance as p<0.001. Also, our study revealed no significant correlation between serum Mg2+ and other laboratory data (Ca2+, P, iPTH, urea and creatinine.
Conclusions: We concluded that serum Mg2+ may be considered as a modifiable risk factor of atherosclerosis (thus, cardiovascular mortality) in CKD patients.
Elements affecting emergency department rate of return within 72 hours: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Alazzawi Mohammed A. , Hamdan Ahmad O.
Published: April 2023

Background: Many patients view emergency departments (EDs) as their top choice for medical problems because they act as an easily accessible entry point into the healthcare system. The frequency of ED visits, the causes, and the burden must be considered to evaluate the quality and outcome of care. The researcher aimed to investigate the elements that affect the rate of return to the emergency department within 72 hours. In addition, to determine the underlying factors associated with unplanned ED return visits.
Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study.  
Results: The result of this study shows that 1535 unplanned ED return visits out of 53387. The rate was 2.9%. A total of 339 (22%) patients of unplanned ED returned visits were admitted to the hospital which is representing 8% of the total hospital admission from ED.
Conclusions: The study found that certain types of presenting complaints, such as fever, cough, and throat pain related to respiratory tract infection, were associated with a higher rate of unplanned return at a rate of 33% (513). The results of this study suggest that interventions aimed at improving access to follow-up care, and patient education with effective communication. In addition, continuously monitoring the rate of unplanned ED return and linking that rate to the ED physician's individual performance review might effectively reduce the rate and improve the quality and outcome of care.
Disease pattern and satisfaction about health care services among patients attending a selected geriatric hospital in Dhaka city
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Rahman M. Mojibur , Gupta Pradip Kumar Sen , Mithila Turna Tribenee
Published: April 2023

Background: The proportion of elderly people is increasing at an unprecedented rate globally as well as in Bangladesh. Exploring the current situation it terms of magnitude and pattern of diseases suffered by elderly people would be a good resource for the policy makers in considering health care services and other supports for the elderly.

Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done during January 2021 to December 2021 among elderly patients aged 60 years and above. A total of among 203 Patients form both indoor and outdoor department were included. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data collection. SPSS V23 software program were using analyzed data.

Results: Among them 98 (48.25%) patients were suffering from communicable disease of which the most common (38.9%) was tuberculosis. On the other hands 201 patients were suffering from non- communicable disease of which the most common was Hypertension (HTN) (73.4%) followed by diabetes mellitus (DM) (36.5%), peptic ulcer (33%) and COPD (31%). The higher educated patients were significantly more dissatisfied compared to lower educated patients about drug dispensing (77.9% vs. 59.6%). Similarly, higher educated patients were significantly more dissatisfied compared to lower educated patients about nursing care (41.3% vs. 26.3%). The patients from urban area were significantly more dissatisfied compared to that of rural area about drug dispensing (76.7% vs. 58.6%).

Conclusions: The study findings reveal that non-communicable diseases are the major bulk of diseases in elderly population in comparison to communicable diseases and HTN, DM, peptic ulcer, COPD were the common non-communicable diseases.
Sinonasal biphenotypic sarcoma of uvula: the first case report
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Dhankar Nimisha , Khurana Nita , Malhotra Vikas
Published: April 2023

Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma is a rare entity and it is a new term included in literature recently. It affects sinonasal tract exclusively but we report the first case of biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma of uvula. The patient is a 56-year-old male who had a mass in the oropharynx hanging from the uvula exclusively. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of oral cavity reported homogenously enhancing benign mass arising from uvula probably pleomorphic adenoma. It was excised in toto and sent for histopathological examination. The detailed histopathological analysis concluded the diagnosis as sinonasal biphenotypic sarcoma of uvula. Sinonasal biphenotypic sarcoma is exclusively found in sinonasal tract. Occurrence of this entity in uvula is first of its kind and needs special attention.
A rare case of tertiary nasal syphilis: an unusual ear, nose, and throat manifestation of a rare disease
Authors: Galagali J. R. , Shyamlal Yadav Sagar , Gianchand Shikha
Published: April 2023

Tertiary syphilis is a rare entity in present antibiotic era. Syphilis of the nose is considered to be very rare by all authorities. It is mainly a systemic disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. The infection acquired may be congenital or acquired. Tertiary syphilis shows most marked manifestations in nose, causing superficial and deep ulcerations, and gumma. Nasal septum, especially the junction of the cartilaginous with the bony septum resulting in perforation is a usual manifestation. In cases where the bony septum is involved, existence of syphilis is unquestionable. The nasal deformity results from destruction of bony framework of nose and shrinking of fibroid tissue, thus, produces the typical saddle nose which is characteristic of syphilis. The treatment line for syphilis has remained relatively unchanged in recent years and continues to vary with stage of infection. However, local treatment consists of clearance of crusts and regular cleansing of the nasal passages by copious alkaline douches. Yellow mercury oxide ointment may be applied locally. The purpose of local treatment is to remove the discharge and crusts, kill spirochetes, promote wound healing and epithelial growth, prevent secondary infection.
The submandibular sialolithiasis in an eight-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Khatri Rajkumari P.
Published: April 2023

Sialolithiasis is a commonly encountered disease of the salivary glands and represents up to 30-50% of all salivary gland diseases. However, the condition is rarely encountered in the paediatric population. The formation of a salivary stone is believed to be secondary to the deposition of calcium salts around a nidus, which is commonly associated with desquamated epithelial tissue or sloughing from a recent bacterial infection. Patients with submandibular sialolithiasis usually present with acute swelling over the neck associated with pain, fever, and purulent intraoral discharge. The calculi were located on the right in 100.0% of paediatric patients. Moreover, 20.0% of paediatric patients exhibited sialoliths in the glands. In this paper, we present the case of an 8-year-old male child who presented with a history of swelling over the right submandibular region since four months and had not responded to the conservative treatment given for the last four months. On examination, a small, rounded salivary calculus was found at the Wharton duct orifice near the papilla. A minimally invasive surgical procedure of intraoral excision of the calculus was done, and the patient was prevented from undergoing surgical excision of the gland. A large number of relatively small and distal sialoliths in paediatric patients can be removed using intraoral retrieval under local or general anesthesia. The clinical evaluation of the entire salivary tract with a high index of suspicion helps in early diagnosis and avoids the development of an abscess and other complications that may require surgical excision of the gland.
Etiopathogenesis of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Lee Seung-Geun , Kim Geun-Tae
Published: April 2023

Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic widespread pain, and it is often accompanied by various symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, mood changes, cognitive dysfunction, and several somatic symptoms. The etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia remains poorly understood, but it is thought to be caused by complex interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and biological factors. Emerging evidence suggests that central sensitization, which is characterized by impairment in the processes of pain perception, transmission, and modulation, plays an important role in fibromyalgia. Although various treatments have been used for fibromyalgia, patients still suffer from uncontrolled symptoms. Fibromyalgia still has many challenges to be solved. In this review, we discuss existing evidence on the etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia.
Novel homozygous ADAMTS17 missense variant in Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China, Miao Na , Liao Jin-Ying ,   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China, Zhou Lin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China, He Ji-Cai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang 615306, Sichuan Province, China, Yang Rong-Qin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang 615306, Sichuan Province, China, Liu Xu-Yang ,   Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361011, Fujian Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, the 2nd Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China, Tang Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
Published: April 2023

AIM: To explore the phenotype and genotype of Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) in a Chinese family and review related literature.
METHODS: Three WMS patients and other unaffected individuals in this family with a history of consanguineous marriage were included in this study. Medical history, comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, and systemic evaluation, as well as whole exome and Sanger sequencing of specific genomic regions, were performed.
RESULTS: The three affected siblings presented with short stature, brachydactyly and ocular disorders, including very shallow anterior chamber, high myopia, microspherophakia lens subluxation with stretched zonules and glaucoma. Genetic analysis verified a homozygous missense mutation (c.2983C>T: p. Arg995Trp) in ADAMTS17, which was correlated with the diseases in this family, indicating an autosomal recessive inherited manner of WMS. This review aims to summarize the mutation sites of WMS genes, so as to prevent the disease and better guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.
CONCLUSION: A novel homozygous missense variant of ADAMTS17 is identified in a WMS family with a history of consanguineous marriage. Our study expands the range of mutations associated with WMS and deepens our understanding of pathology in disease associated with ADAMTS17 variants.
A sutureless technique for securing leaking sclerotomies with viscoelastic substances in 23-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery
Authors:   Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China, Li Meng , Mao Jing-Hai ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315042, Zhejiang Province, China, Liao Yan-Hong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315042, Zhejiang Province, China, Wang Yan-Yan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315042, Zhejiang Province, China, Lu Qin-Kang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China, Gong Yan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo 315042, Zhejiang Province, China
Published: April 2023

AIM: To introduce and evaluate the clinical efficacy of a new technique, the use of viscoelastic substances (VS) to close leaking sclerotomy in 23G microincision vitrectomy, and to observe its effect on the visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients.
METHODS: Patients who underwent 23G vitrectomy in Ningbo Eye Hospital before the use of VS technique (June 2019 to September 2020) and after the use of VS technique (October 2020 to December 2021) were selected as the subjects of this study. The above cases underwent operation by the same surgeon and were retrospectively analyzed. VS technique was used as the alternative to suturing, in which a small amount of VS was injected at the leaking sclerotomy and then gently massaged to confirm leaking sclerotomy closure.
RESULTS: A total of 174 eyes were covered in the study, including 84 eyes in the control group (before the use of VS technique) and 90 eyes in the VS technique group. The number of eyes that needed to be sutured decreased considerably from 42.9% in the control group to 3.3% in the VS technique group, and the proportion of subconjunctival hemorrhage at 1-2d after surgery decreased remarkably from 35.7% in the control group to 2.2% in the VS technique group. No substantial differences in the incidence of mean IOP and low IOP were found between 1-2 and 3-20d after surgery in the VS technique group. No major complications associated with VS technique were identified during the study.
CONCLUSION: In 23G microincision vitrectomy, VS technique is a safe, simple, and effective method to close leaking sclerotomy.
Информатизация образования: основные проблемы и вызовы
Authors: Гуров Ф.Н. , Иноземцева Е.В.
Published: April 2023

В статье представлен анализ ключевых вопросов информатизации образования, разворачивающейся в нашей стране в условиях становления цифровой экономики и социально-экономических вызовов современности. Под информатизацией образования понимается процесс трансформации содержания, методов и организационных форм учебной работы, который разворачивается в быстро развивающейся цифровой образовательной среде и направлен на решение задач социально-экономического развития нашей страны.
Возможности педагогического процесса в основной школе по формированию и развитию познавательных универсальных учебных действий
Authors: Хулап Е.А.
Published: April 2023

В работе рассматривается вопрос формирования отдельных элементов познавательных универсальных учебных действий на каждом этапе урока в основной общеобразовательной школе. Представлены характерные показатели умений и навыков, проявление которых со стороны ученика, позволяет констатировать процесс формирования соответствующих учебных действий.
Эволюция процессоров и какое будущее их ждет
Authors: Сугаипов С-А.А. , Халиев М.С.-У. , Багов А.М.
Published: April 2023

Данная статья посвящена такой сложной технологии как центральный процессор и его недалеком будущем. Технологическая сфера движется вперед без остановки и процессор является одним их передовых научно-технических разработок и требует особого внимания для того, чтобы технический прогресс продолжал развитие и не сбавлял своих темпов.
Электрохимический метод коагуляции природной воды
Authors: Семенов М.А.
Published: April 2023

Рассмотрены предпосылки применения физико-химических и электрокоагуляционных методов в водоподготовке и использование этих методов в настоящее время.
Обучение движениям детей с перинатальным поражением центральной нервной системы: противоречия и пути их решения
Authors: Бикетов О.В. , Польских С.В. , Евтропкова Д.С.
Published: April 2023

В статье рассматриваются основные противоречия при обучении движениям детей с перинатальной патологией центральной нервной системы с использованием консервативных методов. Предложено разрешение этих противоречий созданием условий, при которых выход на высокоскоростные двигательные режимы обеспечивается посредством различных по методологии мероприятий, воздействующих на биомеханические параметры движений, а также энергетические и функциональные системы организма. Указанное решение этой задачи с использованием биомеханического подхода позволяет достигать высокой результативности коррекции моторного развития.
Miopatía inflamatoria autoinmune con taponamiento cardíaco. Reporte de caso
Authors: Sacoto Flores Goethe Salomón , Valdiviezo Vicuña Wilson Aquiles , Orellana Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Cajamarca Llauca Jaime Bolivar
Published: April 2023

Introducción: las miopatías inflamatorias idiopáticas (MII) son un grupo de enfermedades del tejido conectivo caracterizadas por inflamación muscular y afectación clínica de múltiples órganos como piel, pulmón, corazón y tracto gastrointestinal.
Caso clínico: se presenta un caso de MII con debilidad muscular, miocarditis, derrame pericárdico, disfagia y enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI). La asociación de miocarditis y EPI puede ocurrir hasta en un 35% de casos. Se instauró tratamiento inmunosupresor, la evolución favorable con mejoría clínica de la debilidad muscular, disfagia y disminución gradual de los niveles sanguíneos de las enzimas musculares.
Conclusión: en las MII la afección cardíaca: miocarditis y derrame pericárdico es infrecuente y se asocia a una mayor morbi-mortalidad.
O rio, ator do território amazônico
Authors: Plas Philippe , Da Silva Ponte Vanderlúcia , Alves Muniz Érico Silva
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho analisa como se estabelece uma relação entre as populações das ilhas e dos rios urbanos na Amazônia. Neste espaço, entre as margens do mundo urbano da cidade e o mundo rural das ilhas, funciona um sócio-sistema de ilhas e margens. Analisamos esse sistema com base na teoria do ator-rede (LATOUR, 2006), observando que um ator não humano desempenha um papel essencial: o rio, que separa e conecta. Na relação com o rio, duas lógicas concorrentes foram reveladas: a lógica de dominação, que aparece claramente em grandes projetos urbanos, em que se tenta dominar e controlar o rio e; por outro lado, a lógica da cooperação, aquela que é usada pelos ribeirinhos, que se adaptam a condições da vida impostas pelo rio. Estes dois modelos dificilmente estabelecem acordos entre si e seu confronto está na raiz de lutas urbanas, constituindo-se como um conflito cultural.
Inteligencia artificial y ética: hacia una aplicación de los principios éticos en el ámbito de la UE
Authors: Martín Jiménez Francisco Javier
Published: April 2023

La inteligencia artificial se muestra como la aplicación o conjunto de aplicaciones informáticas que pretenden emular las actividades cognoscitivas desarrolladas habitualmente por los seres humanos. Si bien esta realidad nos puede parecer extraordinariamente fructífera para el desarrollo de nuestra sociedad en cualquier ámbito, también entraña riesgos, entre otras cosas porque la inteligencia artificial puede llegar a tomar decisiones al margen, incluso, de las propias previsiones de su creador. Ante estos riesgos podemos aplicar principios éticos que puedan ser referentes para desarrolladores, distribuidores, aplicadores de estas tecnologías, estén o no incorporados a normas de obligado cumplimiento. Tanto los riesgos como las respuestas están siendo objeto de estudio, con aportación de propuestas, en el seno de la Unión Europea, asentándose, como punto de referencia, en los principios éticos. Acercarse al análisis de esta posición es el objetivo de este trabajo.

Recibido:13 septiembre 2022Aceptado: 16 enero 2023
History of European Union–Kazakhstan relations (1991-2001)
Authors: Karasayev Ganiy M. , Zhaxygeldinov Zhandos N. , Naimanbayev Bekmurat R. , Auanasova Alima M. , Khalidullin Gizatulla Kh.
Published: April 2023

Diplomatic, economic and other relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the European Union have been officially established since 1993. Such interaction between Kazakhstan and the European Union has been effective for both sides. The aim of this research is to consider the economic, political, diplomatic and cultural relations between the European Union and Kazakhstan, as well as to propose recommendations for countries that are just beginning relations with the Union. The creation of a single dense economic and currency space on the European continent, the expansion of the Union, a strategy to advance the world economy, the formation of a common defense and security system, integration and components of global processes have become the main requirements of this union. Political, trade, economic and investment cooperation between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the EU is carried out within the framework of the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement signed on 23 January 1995 in Brussels and entered into force on 1 July 1999. On the basis of the agreement, it was possible to establish appropriate discussions on trade, investment, general economic relations, as well as cooperation in energy, transport, environment and finance. For the European Union, Kazakhstan has established partnerships in Central Asia as a key and effective partner. Thus, it became clear that Kazakhstan is a Eurasian state connecting Europe and Asia and a “Golden Bridge” in terms of geopolitical location.

Received: 29 November 2022Accepted: 08 February 2023
Formulating finger millet (Eleusine coracana L) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) food blend for enhanced micronutrients for children below 5 years
Authors:   1Bindura University of Science Education, Chinyama J , Masamha B ,   Africa Institute of South Africa, Nyamadzawo G ,   University of Pretoria
Published: April 2023

Malnutrition of children under 5 years is a public health concern because it is the most vulnerable stage of child’s growth where its impact results in long term health conditions such as stunting, wasting, obesity and poor cognitive development. This study aimed at developing a Rapoko-Cowpea porridge blend to enhance dietary micronutrients among children below the age of 5 years and assess its sensory acceptability. A mixed methods research approach was adopted consisting of a quasi- experiment and a cross sectional survey. Vendors from Mbare market were clustered based on the source of their finger millet and cowpea grains (Masvingo, Murewa, Gokwe). A Completely Randomised Design (CRD) was used with three treatments (blends) replicated three times. Proximate analysis was done using standard AOAC methods. Compared to cowpea, finger millet had the highest levels of carbohydrates (78.12g/100g), iron (8.7mg/100g), zinc (3.77mg/100g). Results also show that 75:25. Rapoko-Cowpea blend ratio had the ability to meet WHO daily nutrient requirements for children under the age of 5 years. Blend ratio of Rapoko: cowpeas (75:25) had the highest carbohydrates (69.41g/100g), protein (25.64g/100g), zinc (1.74mg/100g), iron (5.14mg/100g), energy (411.37kcal), and vitamins (0.11 mcg RAE) with RaCoB1 blend having the lowest nutrient composition. Results have showed that finger millet (Rapoko), cowpeas and RaCoB (Rapoko-Cowpea blend) blends have high macro and micronutrients (iron and zinc) to support daily nutritional requirements of children below the age of 5 years and may help in addressing malnutrition. Sensory evaluation was done with 100 panellists from the University of Zimbabwe and of the three blends, a 75:25 ratio was the most preferred (90.88%). Further studies need to analyse the effects of anti-nutritional factors, bioavailability of nutrients, shelf life of the food blend and commercialization potential of RaCoB blends. The government is therefore encouraged to provide agronomic support for increased productivity of small grains and pulses through improved research and extension. There is a need to develop a policy at national level that promotes blending of cereals and pulses as well as innovative small scale food processing initiatives through private-public partnerships. Key words: Children under 5 years, Cowpea, food blending, Malnutrition, Micronutrients, Rapoko, Sensory evaluation
Contribution of homestead food garden towards food availability in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality - Region 7, Gauteng Province of South Africa
Authors:   University of South Africa, Malatsi E , Maake MMS , Masekoameng MR
Published: April 2023

The government of South Africa has a political and economic incentive to guarantee that people have access to enough nutritious food to always meet their needs, but many households in the nation still struggle to attain food security. Among its various initiatives, the South African government has introduced a Homestead Food Garden (HFG) program that aims to increase food production to combat hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. Even though the struggle to achieve food security at household level in peri-urban areas of Gauteng Province dates back a long period, it has remained as a challenge goal even today. The study's objective was to determine how much HFG contributes to the availability of food in households in region 7 in the City of Tshwane and the factors that influence this availability using the Ordered Logistic Regression (ORD) model. A total of eleven explanatory variables were included in the pragmatic model. To ensure a representative sample size, 258 individuals were chosen at random from the study's survey design, which was quantitative in nature. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to gather data using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that 83% of the participants continued to cultivate their homestead gardens after receiving support from HFG program; thus, the program improved food availability in the households of the gardeners. Food availability was positively and significantly influenced by age, other support program received, and the availability of homestead gardens (p<0.01). From seasonal perspectives, there were more food available from domestic gardens in the summer than in the winter. In addition, more food was available in spring season gardens than in summer and winter. The type of food crops cultivated by majority (65%) of the participants was spinach. As such, HFG program improved household food availability mostly during spring and summer. Therefore, it is advised that policymakers should encourage targeted communities and youth to utilize vacant space in their backyards for food gardening. As part of HFG program, government should provide training about rainwater harvesting techniques to enable gardeners to conserve water for sustainable production throughout the year. Key words: Homestead Food Garden, Food availability, Food security, Households, Gauteng Province
Economic challenges limiting small-scale commercial farming development in rural areas of South Africa
Authors:   Management College of Southern Africa, Muzekenyi M , Zuwarimwe J J ,   University of Venda, Kilonzo BM
Published: April 2023

Small-scale commercial farming has been recognised as a congruent strategy for local economic development. However, there are entrepreneurial challenges that are aggravated by the state of the economy, natural factors and weak agrarian edification system limiting growth in this sector. The fact that small-scale commercial farming is prioritized in the development agendas of the majority of African nations reflects how important it is in promoting food security and job creation. A number of agronomic limitations, including a limited farming entrepreneurship skill, severe climate change, drought, limited access to cash, and water shortages, have been recognized as major obstacles to the growth of small-scale commercial farming. As a result, the study presents the obstacles to entrepreneurship and small-scale commercial farmers in South Africa's rural areas. Two hundred and seventeen small-scale commercial farmers were chosen using a multi-stage sample technique. Quantitative data were collected through a survey in which structured questionnaires were used. Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 26 and Microsoft Excel version 2016 software were used as data analysis tools. Friedman means ranking technique was used to categorize the challenges in ascending order. Pearson chi-square was used to determine the relationship between the variables. The computed results revealed that financial, water, access to the market, crops and animal diseases were the most prevalent challenges. Subsequently, these farmers have poor financial management, marketing, packaging, cross-breeding and human management skills and this is exacerbating the challenges faced. Based on the results of this investigation, the paper recommends that the establishment of training programmes to improve entrepreneurship skills should be offered to these farmers, depending on the type of farming. Agricultural policies should be based on current evidence and should also be based on regular assessments. This improves the readjustment of relevant policies for the development of small-scale commercial farming. The study recommends that building of strong government intervention, farming stakeholder participation in policy formulation and adequate support for small-scale commercial farmers’ schemes in rural areas should be prioritised. Key words: Challenges, Small-scale commercial farming, economic challenges, entrepreneurial constraints, rural areas
Mesenchymal stem cells: properties and clinical application
Authors: Lykov A. P.
Published: April 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can diﬀerentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, etc. MSCs can be isolated from various human and animal tissues. MSCs are characterized by high proliferative capacity, diﬀerentiation in the connective-tissue direction, paracrine and trophic activity (they produce a wide range of biologically active molecules), are capable of migrating to the zone of organ and tissue damage, and exhibit immunosuppression. There are similarities and diﬀerences between human and mammalian MSCs in phenotype and functional activity. The therapeutic potential of MSCs has been shown on experimental models and in clinical trials, which allows us to consider the MSC-oriented cell technologies as an alternative to traditional methods of treatment. The article presents a review and analysis of the literature devoted to the study of MSCs properties, signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell activity, the prospects for the use of MSCs in the treatment of inﬂammatory and degenerative diseases. During preparation of the review full-text, free access articles for the period from 2006 to 2022 were taken from eLibrary and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases.
Comparative characteristics of uterine size in the frst period of adulthood and old age according to ultrasound examination
Authors: Balandin A. A. , Dimidova A. M. , Balandina I. A.
Published: April 2023

The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the linear size of the uterus in women during the frst period of adulthood and old age according to ultrasound examination data. Material and methods. The study was based on the results of ultrasound examination of 53 women with normal pelvic dimensions who were examined at the gynecology department of the Perm Krai Clinical Hospital during the period from 2021 to 2022. All the women consented to the examination, which was performed according to the indications in order to exclude probable pathology of the reproductive system. The ultrasound examination consisted of measuring the longitudinal (length), transverse (width) and anteroposterior (thickness) dimensions of the uterus using transvaginal access. Women were divided into two groups: the frst group consisted of 27 subjects of the frst period of mature age (22 to 35 years), the second group included 26 subjects of advanced age (75 to 88 years). Results. When comparing the indicators of uterine size, their statistically signifcant decrease from the frst period of adulthood to old age: uterine length decreased by 54.5 % (p < 0.001), width – by 57.8 % (p < 0.001), thickness – by 67.8 % (p < 0.001). We believe that this pattern can be substantiated by the onset of postmenopause and a decrease in estrogenic hormone content from reproductive age to senile age. Conclusions. The obtained results of the intravital comparative analysis of the uterus linear dimensions in women of the frst period of adulthood and old age expand the scientifc ideas about age-related features of this organ of the reproductive system, are the basis for further research and can be used by physicians of clinical specialties such as gynecology, gerontology, ultrasound diagnostics.
Pneumomediastinum as a predictor of negative prognosis in patients with coronavirus pneumonia
Authors: Kuznetsov Yu. S. , Durleshter V. M. , Pshukov V. A. , Markin V. V. , Kryachko А. А. , Shchyplyak S. V. , Murashko D. S. , Rudko V. A.
Published: April 2023

Aim of the study was to analyze the course of coronavirus pneumonia in patients with pneumomediastinum. Material and methods. The study included 139 patients, 71 of whom developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum against the background of coronavirus pneumonia. Laboratory, clinical and radiological data were analyzed and compared. Results. The relationship between the severity of viral pneumonia (3rd–4th degree of severity according to MSCT) and pneumomediastinum was revealed. It was found that spontaneous mediastinal emphysema in patients with COVID-19 signifcantly more often leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and can be a predictor of negative prognosis of the disease outcome. Conclusions. Pneumomediastinum in patients with viral pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus infection is a predictor of severe disease and poor prognosis. With an increase in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema without pneumothorax, it is recommended to perform mediastinotomy according to Razumovsky’s indications, and in case of clinically signifcant concomitant pneumothorax – drainage and revision of the mediastinum.
Organicznicy i społecznicy na prowincji. Na marginesie książki Marty Milewskiej pt. „Medycy, higieniści i darczyńcy. Społeczne formy wsparcia opieki medycznej w guberni płockiej w latach 1865–1914”, Wyd. Akademia Finansów i Biznesu Vistula, Warszawa 2020, ss. 250
Authors: Kita Jarosław
Published: April 2023

Po klęsce powstania styczniowego w okresie wzmożonej polityki rusyfikacyjnej władze zaborcze niezbyt mocno angażowały się w rozwój różnych dziedzin życia społecznego w Królestwie Polskim. Konstatacja ta dotyczy także angażowania się przez obcą władzę w rozwój opieki medycznej mieszkańców prowincji Królestwa Polskiego. Dlatego też niezmiernie istotne stały się wszelkie inicjatywy podejmowane oddolnie celem wsparcia opieki zdrowotnej i osób potrzebujących pomocy. Społeczne formy wsparcia opieki medycznej na przykładzie guberni płockiej w drugiej połowie XIX stulecia stały się celem badawczym dr Marty Milewskiej. Poprzez analizę materiałów źródłowych różnej proweniencji i wykorzystanie literatury przedmiotu przygotowała ona monografię poszerzającą dotychczasowy stan historiografii w zakresie historii regionalnej Płocka i okolic. Praca ta będzie jednak przydatna także do badań o charakterze komparatystycznym.
Ergenlerde Akademik Beklentilere İlişkin Stres, Akademik Motivasyon ve Okul Tükenmişliği Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: CENGİZ Serkan , YAĞAN Ferdi , KARA Fatih , DÖRTYOL Zarife
Published: April 2023

Öğrenciler, çeşitli faktörler nedeniyle okul tükenmişliği geliştirebilirler. Okul tükenmişliği son yıllarda öğrencileri birçok alanda rahatsız ettiği tespit edilen ciddi bir sorundur. Ancak okul tükenmişliğinde, akademik beklentilere ilişkin stres ve akademik motivasyonun rolünü araştıran çalışmaların eksik olduğu söylenebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinde akademik beklentilere ilişkin stres, akademik motivasyon ile okul tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu basit rastgele örnekleme yoluyla seçilen 570 lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Akademik Beklentilere İlişkin Stres Envanteri”, “Akademik Güdülenme Ölçeği” ve “Okul Tükenmişlik Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analizler “Pearson korelasyon” ve “çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi” teknikleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Korelasyon analizi akademik beklentilerine ilişkin stres ile okul tükenmişliği arasında pozitif yönde ve orta düzeyde, akademik motivasyon ile okul tükenmişliği arasında ise negatif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca akademik beklentilere ilişkin stresin okul tükenmişliğini pozitif, akademik motivasyonun ise okul tükenmişliğini negatif yönde anlamlı olarak yordadığı görülmüştür. Çok değişkenli modelde yapılan regresyon analizi sonuçlarında 1. aşamada akademik beklentilere ilişkin stres okul tükenmişliğinin %20’sini açıklarken, 2. aşamada akademik beklentilere ilişkin stres akademik motivasyon ile birlikte okul tükenmişliğinin %26’sını açıklamıştır. Bu sonuç, ergenlerin okul tükenmişliği düzeylerindeki %26 oranındaki varyansın akademik beklentilere ilişkin stres ve akademik motivasyon tarafından açıklandığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre akademik beklentilere ilişkin stres ve akademik motivasyon, okul tükenmişliği ile ilişkili en önemli faktörler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle akademik beklentilere ilişkin stresi etkileyen faktörleri azaltmak ve akademik motivasyonu artırmak okul tükenmişliğine karşı öğrencilerin korunmasına yardımcı olabilir.
Caleb Frank Gates’e Göre Atatürk ve Yeni Türkiye
Authors: KARAKILIÇ Cem , MÜJDECİ Mustafa
Published: April 2023

Bu makalede Robert Koleji müdürü Caleb Frank Gates’in yeni Türkiye ve Atatürk hakkındaki değerlendirmeleri incelenmiştir. Robert Koleji; 1863 yılında Amerikalı misyoner Hamlin tarafından İstanbul'da kuruldu. Hamlin ve George Wasburn'dan sonra okul müdürlüğüne Caleb F. Gates getirildi. Geç Osmanlı döneminden erken Cumhuriyet dönemine kadar (1903-1932) koleji idare eden Gates, okulun eğitim anlayışına getirdiği yeniliklerin yanında Türkiye’de yaşanan gelişmeleri de yakından takip etti. Gates'in İstanbul'da bulunduğu bu dönem Balkan Savaşlarının, I. Dünya Savaşının, Türk İstiklal Harbinin, Lozan görüşmelerinin ve yeni Türkiye’nin kuruluş sürecinin tamamlandığı önemli bir dönemdi. Hatıralarında Genç Cumhuriyet’in ortaya çıkışına ve büyüme öyküsüne de yer veren Gates, "Current History", "Moslem World" ve "The China Weekly Review" gibi dünyaca ünlü dergiler için Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Atatürk'le ile ilgili özgün ve dikkate değer makaleler yayınladı. Bu çalışmada Caleb F. Gates’in erken Cumhuriyet dönemi ve Mustafa Kemal Atatürk hakkındaki değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir.
Giresun Şehrinde Okullara Erişimin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile Analizi
Authors: ÜZÜLMEZ Mehmet , DENİZ Mehmet , GÜRÇEŞME Mustafa
Published: April 2023

Günümüz şehirleri gürültülü, kalabalık ve motorlu araçların çokluğuyla beraber insan sağlığı için tehlikeler oluşturmaktadır. Böyle şehirlerde mesafe olarak erişilmesi zor olan okullarda eğitim görebilmek bu durumu daha da tehlikeli hale sokmaktadır. Bu sebeple ülkemizde Mekânsal Planlar Yönetmeliği çerçevesinde okullara erişebilirliğin mesafeleri okul seviyelerine göre belirlenmiştir. Günümüzde teknolojinin gelişmiş olmasıyla birlikte Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri de gelişmiş ve söz konusu sistemlerde kullanılan programlarla erişebilirlik analizleri yapılarak en uygun mesafeler ortaya konmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da Giresun şehrinde binaların anaokulu, anasınıfı, ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselere olan mesafelerin yönetmeliğe göre uygunluğu analizlerle ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan okulların lokasyonları Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’nın web sitelerinden, binaların konumları ise Giresun Belediyesi’nden temin edilmiştir. Analizlerin yapımında Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri programlarından biri olan ArcGIS adlı programının hizmet alanı (service area) modülünden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada Giresun şehrine ait 28 mahalledeki konutların okullara erişebilirliği analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmadaki sonuçlara göre şehirdeki binaların erişim uygunluğu ortalama olarak anaokullarına %21, anasınıflarına %37,4, ilkokullara %39,6, ortaokullara %70,2 ve liselere %93 şeklinde çıkmıştır. Okul seviyelerinin artmasıyla birlikte yürüme mesafelerinin de artması şehirdeki erişim uygunluğunu arttırmıştır. Ancak Giresun şehrinde okulların mekânda düzensiz dağılımı pek çok binanın erişebilir mesafeler dışında kaldığını göstermiştir. Şehirde okullara yönetmelik çerçevesinde uygun mesafe yönünden erişimi problem olan binaların olduğu bölgelerde yeni okulların yapımı buna çözüm olacaktır.
Religión y sociedad peruana del siglo XXI
Authors: Marzal Manuel M (Manuel María)
Published: April 2023

Quiero reflexionar sobre la religión del Perú del futuro, tema ya abordado por Idígoras (1979). En la primera parte, presento los cambios religiosos del país y de su entorno mundial en el siglo XX y ciertos hechos significativos para la religión finisecular. Y en la segunda, sin pretender adivinar el futuro religioso, bastante impredecible (los inesperados cambios políticos de la última década han hecho a los científicos sociales más inseguros o, al menos, más modestos), esbozo ciertos cambios del futuro y sugiero temas de investigación que permitan aclararlo.
Horizonte, cultura y región. Espacios y fronteras en la arqueología andina
Authors: Makowski Hanula Krzysztof
Published: April 2023

El énfasis en los análisis espaciales es una de las principales características de la arqueología moderna. La New Archaeology popularizó el estudio de patrones de distribución de arquitectura y de artefactos con las técnicas de muestreo sofisticadas pero no muy confiables (Hodder y Orton 1976). A partir de los años treinta, se presta cada vez mayor atención a la reconstrucción del paleoambiente y a la definición del impacto cultural en el espacio geográfico. La reflexión postmoderna posibilitó los métodos de decodificado del espacio simbólico en las artes figurativas, en los entierros y en el diseño arquitectónico; promovió también los estudios sobre el espacio doméstico (arqueología del género), el espacio ritual y la geografia sagrada. En esta ponencia quisiera, sin embargo, centrar mí atención sobre la categoría principal de la investigación corológica en arqueología, al lugar del hecho. Un término algo devaluado en nuestro lenguaje por su abuso en la jerga política de los últimos años define bién la categoría aludida. Se trata del espacio hístórico.
El espacio y lo mental
Authors: Guzmán Jorquera Arsenio
Published: April 2023

En la presente exposición abordamos algunas cuestiones relativas a la naturaleza de lo mental. Examinamos y proponemos una solución de la controversia entre el dualismo y el monismo. Lo fundamental de esta investigación radica en las tesis que se proponen y la fundamentación que se hace de ellas; es en relación con esto que la tarea analítica cobra sentido. Por lo demás, puesto que la argumentación está orientada a · la fundamentación de las tesis propuestas, la hemos desarrollado hasta donde nos ha parecido necesario para el cumplimiento de sus objetivos.
Contra Babel y el "Big-Bang" lingüístico
Authors: Velásquez Héctor
Published: April 2023

La conocida cita del Antiguo Testamento que propongo a modo de introducción a las ideas que siguen, presenta una manera rrútíca de enfrentar una cuestión, quizá ingenua, quizá imposible de responder, pero no por ello exenta de cierto interés y profundidad, a saber, por qué, sí la facultad del lenguaje es una, existe -y ha existido- una variedad tan grande de lenguas que la realizan. En efecto, a pesar de que el número ha de variar según la definición que se tenga para los términos "lengua" y "dialecto'', puede decirse que se hablan hoy en día en el mundo unas cuatro mil lenguas, según los cálculos más conseivadores. ¿A qué se debe esta diversidad? No es improbable que nunca lo sepamos, del mismo modo en que nos limitamos a constatar la fundamental unidad de la especie humana por encima de las obvias diferencias interétnicas. Tal vez la única posibilidad de respuesta de la que se dispone por ahora sea igualmente ingenua: es así porque así es. Creo, sin embargo, que puede valer la pena reflexionar acerca de aquella realidad que el antiguo pueblo semita representó a través de Babel: un proceso de diversificación lingüística cuya vigencia podemos calificar hoy de permanente. Así, en las líneas que siguen intento presentar, en primer término, una rápida revisión de los conocimientos que la Lingüística ha aportado en torno de la naturaleza y alcances del proceso de diversificación ya aludido para, sobre esa base, plantear, en segundo lugar, algunos elementos de juicio para una valoración de aquél; éstos, a su vez, seivirán como punto de partida para una propuesta personal cuyas líneas quisiera someter en su integridad a la consideración crítica del auditorio interdisciplínario que tiene hoy la paciencia y la, gentileza de acompañarme.
Las rebeliones antifiscales por la sal en 1896
Authors: Ruiz de Pardo Carmen
Published: April 2023

La sal ha sido un artículo de vital necesidad en las distintas épocas de la historia universal. Elemento esencial en cualquier dieta que incluya productos animales, también ha sido ampliamente usada como preservante de los alimentos e inclusive se empleó en las momificaciones egipcias. En los inicios de la industrialización en América fue un elemento básico, ya que era utilizada en la amalgamación de la plata, en los obrajes, las curtiembres y la producción agroindustrial. Estas necesidades básicas concedieron a la persona o instituciones que tenían el control de la sal un poder más de orden político que de orden económico. A lo largo de toda la historia podemos advertir la importancia de su control y distribución: en la época griega se crea «el salario», posteriormente tenemos las grandes rebeliones del siglo XVI relacionadas con la sal. Por ejemplo, en Francia se producen rebeliones por las gabelles, de donde deriva la palabra «gabela»; del mismo modo, en España se suscita la rebelión del conde duque de Olivares contra los vascos. En tiempos más recientes, tenemos la gran marcha de la sal de Ghandi, que inicia las luchas por la independencia de la India en el siglo XX. Hay que notar, en relación con esto último, que fue costumbre del sistema colonial inglés tener el monopolio de la manufactura de la sal, incluida su recolección en las playas públicas, lo que se realizó en sus dominios hasta el siglo XIX.