bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-encapsulated tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) essential oil as a sustained release nano-larvicide
Authors: Osanloo Mahmoud , Sedaghat Mohammad Mehdi , Sereshti Hassan , Amani Amir
Published: March 2022

Objective: In recent years, essential oil-based larvicides have been introduced as alternatives to industrial ones. However, an appreciable formulation of essential oils with prolonged larvicidal activity (LA) has not yet been developed.

Methods: In this study, tarragon essential oil (TEO) was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles using ion gelation technique. Physicochemical properties and duration of LA of the prepared nanoformulation were investigated.

Results: Encapsulation efficiency of the optimum nanoformulations with a particle size of 168Â±90 nm was calculated as 39.66% using UV-Vis analysis. Encapsulating TEO in chitosan-TPP nanocapsules was shown to increase its efficiency in LA at SSF test: Perfect LA (100% mortality) was achieved at lower concentration (i.e. 31 Î¼g mL-1 instead of 80 Î¼g mL-1). Also, perfect LA continued for 4 and 3 days, compared with 2 days and 1 day for the non-encapsulated form of TEO in the lab and SFF tests, respectively. Besides, the duration of LA of nanoformulation was significantly longer than its corresponding microformulation with the same concentration of ingredients. Furthermore, the concentration of TEO in the solution tests was also monitored and it was found that the nanoformulations provide a sustained release of TEO. Moreover, there was a logical relationship between LA and concentration of TEO in different hours.

Conclusion: This prepared nanoformulation could be introduced as an interesting alternative to synthetic larvicides, due to its easy and fast method of preparation and its green constituents.
Histological impact of nutritional style alteration in mice
Authors: Salih Khalid M , Jouda Jamela , Asad Shatha Salah , Faraj Yusur Falah , Mohammed Iyden Kamil , Altaee Ali Sameer Abudlghani
Published: March 2022

Objectives: It is well established that diet and lifestyle are important in maintenance of healthy. Transition from a plant-based diet mostly to a high-calorie diet of animal products might raise the chronic diseases which called â€œdegenerativeâ€. This work aimed to study the histopathological effect of transition from complete plant-based diet to 10% animal products (sheepâ€™s brain) on various body organs of mice.

Methods: Eight-week old Balb/c male mice were divided into 2 groups (n=8); the first is restricted group in which mice were fed on restricted diet containing 10% of sheepâ€™s brain homogenate, while the second is the control group in which fed on ad libitum on the diet for 7 days. During the duration of experiment, body weight and the amount of food intake were recorded daily, then at the end of experiment, all mice were sacrificed and various organs were obtained and processed for histopathological study.

Results: the results showed that food intake by each mouse of restricted group are significantly lower than in control group. Although the mean of body weight in both groups revealed non-significant difference, the relative weight of various organs showed significant differences. On the other hand, sever histological changes were detected in all studied organs sections of restricted group.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that changing in nutritional style rather than conventional diet play a crucial role in modifying the architectural aspects of different organs at tissue level. Therefore, these findings need further investigation at cellular, physiological, and molecular levels.
Predictive factors of survival rate in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective study in Iran
Authors: Gholizadeh Narges , Emami Razavi Hanieh , Jafari Haftkhani Gholamali , Sheykhbahaei Nafiseh
Published: March 2022

Objective: Oral cancer as a part of this collection plays an important role in the burden of diseases, especially in South Asia. Despite numerous advances in the treatment of cancers, oral cancer is one of the top ten causes of death due to delayed detection. Given the role of the environmental and climatic conditions in cancers, there is a need for epidemiological studies in different geographic areas.

Methods: In present study, data were collected through medical records of the patients with oral cancer during 2009 to 2012 in the archives of the Cancer Department of the Ministry of Health of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The follow-up of 82 cases was possible in the study. Data collection were performed from questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. The Kaplan Meier survival curves were utilized and, moreover, the corresponding influential factors were examined by using the Cox regression test.

Result: The overall five-year survival rate was 40.24% (SE= 5.5). The most widely used treatment method was a combination of three methods of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The gender of 64.63%of patients were male. The mean age of patients were 66.1 years. The age and regular periodic follow-up had a statistically significant relation with the survival rate (P=0.02, P=0.03).

Conclusion: Oral cancers require special attention due to high prevalence and overall survival rates. Training oral health care providers, and periodic follow up can be an important step in increasing the survival of these patients.
Breast Cancer Decisive Parameters for Iraqi Women via Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Behadili Suhad Faisal , Abd Mustafa S. , Mohammed Iyden Kamil , Al-SAYYID Maha Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Objective This research investigates Breast Cancer real data for Iraqi women, these data are acquired manually from several Iraqi Hospitals of early detection for Breast Cancer. Data mining techniques are used to discover the hidden knowledge, unexpected patterns, and new rules from the dataset, which implies a large number of attributes.

Methods Data mining techniques manipulate the redundant or simply irrelevant attributes to discover interesting patterns. However, the dataset is processed via Weka (The Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) platform. The OneR technique is used as a machine learning classifier to evaluate the attribute worthy according to the class value.

Results The evaluation is performed using a training data rather than cross validation. The decision tree algorithm J48 is applied to detect and generate the pattern of attributes, which have the real effect on the class value. Furthermore, the experiments are performed with three machine learning algorithms J48 decision tree, simple logistic, and multilayer perceptron using 10-folds cross validation as a test option, and the percentage of correctly classified instances as a measure to determine the best one from them. As well as, this investigation used the iteration control to check the accuracy gained from the three mentioned above algorithms. Hence, it explores whether the error ratio is decreasing after several iterations of algorithm execution or not.

Conclusion It is noticed that the error ratio of classified instances are decreasing after 5-10 iterations, exactly in the case of multilayer perceptron algorithm rather than simple logistic, and decision tree algorithms. This study realized that the TPS_pre is the most common effective attribute among three main classes of examined dataset. This attribute highly indicates the BC inflammation.
A comparative study of anti-atherosclerotic/anti-inflammatory effect of irbesartan and rosuvastatin in hypercholesterolemic male rabbits
Authors: Majeed Murooj L , Mahdi Hind F , Hadi Najah R , Janabi Ali M
Published: March 2022

Objective: To evaluate the potential protective effect of irbesartan on atherosclerotic progression using rosuvastatin as a positive control.

Methods: Twenty local domestic rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, five rabbits per each group. The first group (I), rabbits were receiving normal diet; the second group (II), rabbits were receiving 2 % cholesterol diet; the third group (III), rabbits were receiving rosuvastatin and 2% cholesterol diet and; the fourth group (IV), rabbit were receiving irbesartan and 2% cholesterol diet. Serum level of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL were determined after 12 weeks of the study. Serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein, ICAM1and VCAM1 were measured after 12 weeks of the study. Total antioxidant activity was also determined. Aortic tissue sent for histopathological examination of atherosclerosis lesion.

Result: Data of this study have showed that atherogenic diet caused an increase in serum level of TC, LDL, VLDL and TG and a decrease in serum level of HDL. Treatment of rabbits with irbesartan caused substantial decrease in serum lipid profile compared with untreated rabbit receiving atherogenic diet. No significant difference was seen between irbesartan- and rosuvastatin-treated rabbits in all lipid parameters measured with the exception that the HDL level in rosuvastatin-treated rabbits was significantly higher than that of irbesartan-treated rabbits. Rabbit treated with irbesartan showed a significant decrease in the serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein, ICAM1, VCAM1 and aortic total antioxidant capacity when compared with untreated group. No significant difference was seen between irbesartan- and rosuvastatin-treated rabbits in all these inflammatory parameters measured. Histopathological examination showed that irbesartan decreased atherogenic lesion significantly when compared with untreated rabbits.

Conclusion: Irbesartan has a potential protective effect against atherosclerosis via decreasing lipid oxidation and inflammatory mediators. In terms of lipid lowering and anti-inflammatory effects, irebsartan has similar pattern of effectiveness to rosuvastatin.
Estimation of Stature from Facial indices among Iranian medical students
Authors: Madadi Soheila , Tahmasebi Fatemeh , Khanehzad Maryam , Kazemzadeh Shokofeh , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza
Published: March 2022

Objective: Anthropometric data, particularly naso-facial dimensions, is important in sex determination, forensic medicine and plastic surgery. The aim of present study is to assess the facial indices, to classify the type of face and to determine the relation between stature and facial height and facial width among Iranian medical students.

Methods: This study was done on 200 medical students (100 males and 100 females), in the range of 18â€“30 years. Stature, facial height and facial width were measured by using a standard spreading caliper and facial index calculated for determination of facial type.

The linear regression used for examining the relationship between stature and facial length and facial width.

Results: The result of study showed that the mean and standard deviation of the facial index of males and female students were 87.53Â±8.81 and 89.25Â±10.09, respectively.

The facial index didnâ€™t have statistically significant difference between two groups (P=0.202).

According to the results, the dominant type of facial shape in male students was mesoprosopic and in female students were europrosopic.

There was a correlation between stature and facial height (r =0.27, P=0.000) and facial width (r =0.54, P=0.000).

Conclusion: The data of present study can be beneficial in face reconstruction, clinical diagnosis and forensics applications.
Nephroprotective effect of Curcumin (Curcuma Longa) in acute nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Alkuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Rasheed Huda Abdulbaki
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of curcumin in gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity. Methods: Thirty Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into three groups, Group1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water plus normal saline for 12 days. Group2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water   plus gentamicin for 12 days.  Group 3(n=10): Rats treated with curcumin plus Gentamicin for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) and cystatin-c were measured in both control and experimental groups. Results: Rats treated with gentamicin   showed nephrotoxicity as evidence by significant elevation in serum creatinine, blood urea, KIM-1, MDA, Cystatin-C sera levels. Conclusion: Curcumin produced significant nephroprotective effect in gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.
Effect of Xylitol on Salivary Streptococcus Mutans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yazdani Reza , Albujeer Ammar N. H. , Rahnama Ebrahim , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the available randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the effect of xylitol on the number of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) colonies.

 Methods: An electronic search was carried out in Medline and Scopus databases for the RCTs published during 2002-2014.  The inclusion criteria were evaluation of xylitol gums, having at least one control group and counting S. mutans colonies. The articles were divided into three groups based on the subjectsâ€™ age group namely 0-6, 6-18 and over 18 years. To assess the quality of RCTs, the retrieved articles were independently reviewed by two reviewers in terms of randomization and in order to prevent the effect of blinding on the results. Review Manager (RevMan) software, heterogeneity test and I2 coefficient as the quantitative scale of heterogeneity were used for statistical analysis.

 Results: Primary search of the literature using keywords related to sugar alcohols. After applying the inclusion criteria, 46 articles were found in PubMed and 356 in Scopus. Heterogeneity was not found in the two age groups of 6-18 and over 18 years and the I2 coefficient in these two groups was 0%. This rate for the 0-6 year-olds was 51% (P=0.15); which indicates moderate heterogeneity. The P value was 0.25, 0.34 and 0.04 for the 6-18, 0-6 and over 18 year-olds, respectively. This value was only significant for the over 18 year-old group. Data for all groups were analyzed irrespective of age, which revealed significant differences (P=0.01).

Conclusions: The available literatures show xylitol as an alternative sweetener, could help to prevent dental caries by reducing the count of S. mutans in the saliva.
Maternal separation can affect the reproductive system by inflammasome activation in female mice
Authors: Khodamoradi Kajal , Amini-Khoei Hossein , Khosravizadeh Zahra , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Dehpour Ahmad Reza , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate effect of maternal separation stress on the ovarian function in adult female mice.  

Methods: In this study, maternal separation in pups was performed during post-natal days (PND) 2 to 14. The histological alterations in ovarian tissue, ROS production (using DCFH-DA assay), gene expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, TLR4, BAX, BCL-2 and TNFÎ± (using RT-PCR), protein levels of ATP, GPx, IL-1Î² and IL-18 (using ELISA). Also, protein expression of caspase-3 and NLRP3 (using immunocytochemistry) were evaluated.

Results: Results showed that maternal separation decreased percentage of primordial follicles while increased percentage of secondary and graafian follicles. In addition, maternal separation increased ROS production and decreased ATP and GPx concentrations. Furthermore, maternal separation significantly affected expression of cytokines and genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, TLR4, TNFÎ±, IL-1Î², IL-18 BAX and BCL2. Findings also showed that stress-induced maternal separation significantly increased percentage of caspase-3 and NLRP3 positive cells. We concluded that maternal separation stress has harmful effects on ovarian tissue.

Conclusion: It seems that these harmful effects are probably occur through increase of ROS production and impact on mitochondrial function, inflammatory process and apoptosis pathways.
Mammographic, Ultrasonographic and Pathologic Correlations of Focal Asymmetric Breast Densities among a Sample of Iraqi Women
Authors: AbdulWahid Hiba M. , Khalel Enam A. , Alwan Nada A.S.
Published: March 2022

Objectives: is to evaluate the mammographic focal asymmetric breast densities FABD in order to highlight which FABD might need further workup through detailed ultrasonographic characterization and comparison with the pathological results in indicated cases.

Methods: A cross sectional analytic study was performed in the Oncology Teaching Hospital/Medical City from March 2018 to November 2018. The study included 70 women who attended the Main Referral Center for Early Detection of Breast Tumors with focal asymmetric breast densities FABD were detected by mammography. The focal asymmetry was analyzed and the other associated findings were assessed and registered. While breast ultrasound was performed for all patients, fine needle aspiration (FNA) was carried out for cases with suspicious findings on ultrasound and any FNA suspicious or malignant lesion was subsequently biopsied and the results were recorded.

Results: mammographic FABD was found in the right breast in 37 cases (52.9%) and in the left in 33 cases (47.1%). The upper outer quadrant (UOQ) was the most common location of FABD (43 cases). In 25 cases (34.2%) with FABD, there was no abnormality found on ultrasound, but normal looking breast parenchymal tissue. Ultrasound had shown benign findings in 30 cases (44.2%). On the other hand, suspicious and/or malignant features were observed in 15 cases (22.4%) which subsequently proved to be malignant by FNA and biopsy. Architectural distortion or grouped microcalcifications and a clinically palpable FABD were associated with malignant FABD; no benign FABD revealed to be associated with these findings.

Conclusion: The finding of FABD is common on mammography and mostly represents a benign entity of normal breast parenchymal tissue. However; it may indicate an underlying hidden malignancy especially in the presence of superadded mammographic findings as ill-defined mass, architectural distortion or grouped microcalcification.
Acromegaly in Iraq: Brief Look on Epidemiology, Comorbidities and Management
Authors: Al-Yasseri Berq J. Hadi , Rahmah Abbas M. , Al-Saffar Nizar S. Shawky
Published: March 2022

Objective: Acromegaly is a rare chronic condition in adults resulted from continuous over secretion of growth hormone (GH) and hence increased production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Pituitary adenoma is the underlying cause in vast majority of cases. This study aims to evaluate clinico-epidemiological characteristics for a group of Iraqi individuals with this disease.

Method: Case notes and files of 60 acromegalic patients attending Iraqi National Diabetes Center were reviewed during period of October through December 2017. To be included, the diagnosis of acromegaly should be confirmed by appropriate laboratory and imagining techniques. Disease control and biochemical response to management was defined by the criteria of normalized IGF-1 for age and sex (Z-score â‰¤ 2) and a mean GH value â‰¤ 2 Î¼g/l. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS program, version 20. Descriptive statistics was used; presented as frequencies and proportions, or means and standard deviations according to variable type.

Results: Patients were almost equally distributed among both sexes.  Their mean age is 50.6 Â± 11.7 years. Time interval between symptoms' onset and diagnosis was nearly 10 years. Macroadenoma (> 1cm) was found in 47 (78.3%) patients. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension affected 42 (70.0%) and 37 (61.7%) individuals, respectively. For disease control, all acromegalics were put on long-acting somatostatin analogue and 21 (35.0%) of them performed hypophysectomy. In 45 (75.0%) patients, growth hormone value was dropped to â‰¤2 mg/l; and in 41 (68.3%), IGF-1 was normalized for age and sex.

Conclusion: The clinco-epidemiological characteristics of acromegaly in Iraq are comparable to that reported in other countries, although there is some delay in time of diagnosis. Associated comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension) affected large number of patients. Good proportion of study sample, nearly two-thirds, showed good metabolic response to treatment.
Diclofenac induced-acute kidney injury is linked with oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory changes in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Alkuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , Hussien Nawar Raad
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Diclofenac induces oxidative stress in the body and became the main cause of nephrotoxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI). The traditional markers of AKI are blood urea and serum creatinine which are regarded as low sensitive and low specific in detection the early renal damage. Therefore, the aim of present study was to evaluate oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory   biomarkers in diclofenac induced- AKI in rats. Methods: Twenty   Sprague Dawley Male rat were used and randomly divided in to 2 groups. Group1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water plus normal saline for 12 days. Group2 (n=10)  : Rats treated with distilled water plus diclofenac 15mg/kg for 12 days. Rat body weight, body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated in both groups. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) , kidney injury molecules (KIM-1) and Cystatin-c were estimated. Results: Diclofenac 15mg/kg led to significant AKI through elevation of blood urea and serum creatinine with significant reduction of eGFR. KIM-1 serum level was significantly elevated with high sensitivity and specificity compared to the other tested biomarkers. Conclusion: KIM-1 serum level is more sensitive and specific with high accuracy compared to the other renal biomarkers in diclofenac induced- AKI. Estimation of KIM-1 serum levels should be regarded as a cornerstone for early detection of AKI in high risk patients.
Advantage of day three over day two embryo transfer
Authors: Abdulkadim Hind
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study was done to compare embryo quality and pregnancy rate between day two and day three embryo transfer, the effect of extended culture on embryo development potential also analysed.

Methods: In a 18 month period extending from January 2014 to june 2015 all couples undergoing infertility treatment in the form of intracytoplasmic sperm injection whatever the cause and in whom fresh embryo transfer were done (258 cycle) were included in this prospective study. The patients classified into two groups according to the day of embryo transfer. The policy of transfer was uniform in both groups and the transfer was done according to patient criteria or the number of embryos available.

Results: the main outcome measures were embryo quality, embryo development potential and pregnancy rate.  Our data suggest no significant statistical difference in pregnancy rate between day two and day three embryo transfer ( 42.9 versus 42.0% respectively P>0.05). The percentage of good quality embryos was slightly insignificantly higher in day two group than day three (86.03 vs. 84.7%, P>0.05). the percentage of slow growing embryos was significantly higher in those cultured for three days than those remain for just two days in vitro (15.9 vs. 23.3 , P<0.05) .

Conclusion: a similar pregnancy rate was obtained by doing embryo transfer on day two and day three after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in spite of slight regression in embryo quality and higher rate of developmental delay in cases of extended culture. So no advantage for day three over day two embryo transfer.
Risk factors of breast cancer among Iraqi women
Authors: Abedalrahman Sarab K. , Ali Besmah M. , Al-Khalidy Najim Abid Issa , Al-Hashimi Ali S.
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the risk factors of Breast Cancer among Iraqi women.

Methods: A retrospective case control study, done on 147 breast cancer cases compared with 161 non- malignant cases selected randomly from women health center in Al-Elwyia maternity teaching hospital.

Results: increased risk for breast cancer significantly associated with increased age especially â‰¥ 60 years, widow or divorced women(OR 3.7, CI (1.5-8.5)), menopause ((OR 6.43, CI(3.58-11.9)),age at menarche < 12 years (OR 1.99, CI (1.04-3.8)), and use of contraceptive pills forâ‰¥ 1 year (OR 1.99, CI (1.01-3.95)).

Conclusion: positive risk factor for breast cancer was old ageâ‰¥ 60 years, widow or divorced women, menopause, age at menarche < 12 years, and use of contraceptive pills forâ‰¥ 1 year. Family history, 2nd degree relative, not associated with breast cancer. There are some discrepancies between our findings and other studies in the literature need further studies.
The Prevalence of Dental Caries among students of Dentistry Colleges in Holy Kerbala Governorate/ Iraq in 2017
Authors: Al Mousawi Ali , Al Ali Basheer , Al Mousawi Zainab
Published: March 2022

Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence of dental caries and treatment conducted among undergraduate students (18-24 year) in Holy Kerbala governorate/Iraq. Additionally, the selected sample was from two Dentistry Colleges (public and private) students who will be responsible for managing public oral health services in the country.

Methods: A total number of 288 Dentistry Colleges (Holy Kerbala public Dentistry College and Ibin Hayan Private Dentistry College) students were asked through self-administered questionnaire about dental caries, filling and extracted tooth. Dental caries index was calculated by application of DMFT/DMFS index, following the criteria of the World Health Organization. Analysis depended on SPSS-23 and Amos statistical packages at a significance level of .05.

Results: The mean age of the students was 21.42Â±136 year. Females formed about two thirds of the sample (61.1%). The prevalence of dental caries was 72.9% with a mean DMFT, DMFS values 3.30 Â±SE 0.091, 4.94 Â±SE 0.161, respectively. The prevalence of dental caries reported by CDC in the USA in 2011/2012 among adolescents aged 16â€“19 (67%). The mean caries, filling and extracted tooth values were 0.597Â±.96 for extracted tooth, 1.180Â±.1.4043 for carried tooth and 1.735Â±.1.9942 filled tooth, while the mean DMF was 3.15 Â±.2.85. The proportion of students with caries, filling and extracted tooth were 46.5%, 54.07% and 31.6%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found for DMF and for each component prevalence rate between the public and private Dentistry College students, or among different genders.

Conclusion: A relatively high caries â€“ experience was present among undergraduate students in the Dentistry Colleges (public and private) in Holy Kerbala governorate indicating the need for efficient preventive programs early in school age and through university students.
Comparison between Gingival Pyogenic Granuloma and Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma by Immunohistochemical Detection of CD34 and Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin
Authors: Ablahad Aween Auda , Khleel Ameera Kamal , Almahana Jasim
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of the present research was to study the clinical and the immunohistochemical expressions of CD34 and alpha smooth muscle actin (Î±-SMA) for gingival pyogenic granuloma in comparison with peripheral giant cell granuloma. 

 

Methods: Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of (48) gingival pyogenic granuloma and (39) peripheral giant cell granuloma were used in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis for CD34 and Î±-SMA were studied in PG and PGCG.

 

Results: The mean numbers of the CD34 positive micro vessels in PGs and PGCGs were 32.58Â± 17.778 and 22.4Â±11.208 respectively. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant difference present between them (P<0.01).The mean numbers of blood vessels with vascular surrounding cells non-reactive to Î±-SMA in PGs and PGCGs were 3.81Â± 2.228 and 10.53Â±3.432 respectively.  Statistical analysis showed a highly significant differences present between them (p<0.01).

Conclusion: The mean number of CD34 positive micro vessels in PGs was significantly more than that of PGCG, but the mean number of  vascular surrounding cells non-reactive to Î±-SMA  was significantly less. This can add insight to the clinical behavior and might reflect the differences in pathogenesis of these lesions.
Decision support detection system for lung nodule abnormalities based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Alsallal Muna , Sharif Mhd Saeed , Hadi Bydaa , Albadry Ruwaida
Published: March 2022

Objective Investigates the possibility of the early detection in the case of lung infection. Most cases of lung cancer are detected in advance stages as this type is hard to be detected in premature phases. The Zero-Change dataset was chosen to measure the systems' performance on nodule growth. The chosen dataset is assumed as a proven clinical dataset and was used by several researchers in their proposed systems.  The designed detection technique has been considered to be used as a decision support tool. This technique is based on using two machine learning algorithms for classification purposes.

Methods Machine learning techniques was applied to detect interesting patterns and manipulate the dataset images in order to enhance the classification task. Preprocessing procedures also have been applied using different MATLAB functions.  In addition two well-known techniques that related to the SVMs; the RBF kernel based support vector machines and the polynomial kernel based support vector machines have also applied using MATLABÂ© package named PRTools. 

Results The performance of this paper proposed technique was evaluated based on several values of both chosen techniques. The procedure was implemented on the basis of leave-one-out-cross-validation procedure in order to generate unbiased outcomes. The results of cross validation procedure is averaged and presented as a classifier outcome. The misclassification error,  sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are calculated to show a clear image about the two classifiers.

Conclusion The experimental results have shown that the proposed system has scored high accuracy by Polynomial kernel SVM. A set of distinguishable representative features which are correlated together by a statistics association. Also this designed system can be considered as a  benchmark for developing of other tissues abnormalities signs detection systems.
Identification of strategies for collaboration of medical librarians with family physicians in advancing the goals of the family physician program based on expertsâ€™ viewpoints
Authors: Ashrafi-rizi Hasan , Amraei Mahdi , Kargar Hossein , Ghazavi Zahra , Kazempour Zahra
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying ways of collaboration of medical librarians with family physicians in advancing the goals of the family physician program based on the views of experts.

Methods: This research was qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included experts in the fields of family physicians. Sampling method was targeted and in order to identify qualified people, snowball sampling was used as well. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview, and the researchers exploited thematic analysis in the data analysis. To determine the validity and reliability, the Lincoln and Guba method was used based on four criteria of credibility, transferability, conformability and dependability.

Results: Regarding the common areas of medical librarians and family physicians, four concepts were extracted including helping physicians in scientific and professional mastering, upgrading research methodology, upgrading information literacy, and the content of information resources for patient training. Moreover, 4 concepts were identified: appropriate policy-making, education suitability, participation in clinical research, and promotion of the quality of patient training in addition to 6 components of interaction strategies.

Conclusion: Strategies for the interaction of medical librarians with family physicians can become practical in areas such as proper policy-making, suitability of education, participation in clinical research, and the improvement of the quality of patient training.
Comparison of the effect of dexmedmotidine and ketamine on controlling pain after cesarean section via intra-peritoneal method
Authors: Kamali Alireza , Maktabi Maryam , Khademi Zoha , Fereidooni Taha
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effect of dexmedmotidine and ketamine on controlling pain after cesarean section via intra-peritoneal method.

Methods: In this clinical and double-blind clinical trial, patients were randomly divided into two groups (dexmedmotidine and ketamine). In the first group, 5 mg / kg ketamine and 1 mg / kg dexmedetomidine were injected in 100 mg normal saline. Pain score was measured on the basis of the visual analog pain scale during the recovery at 4, 6 and 12 hours after the surgery. The data were then analyzed by SPSS (version 20).

Results: 70 patients participated in the study. The results showed that the mean pain scores were the same in different postoperative hours in patients (Pâ‰¥0.05). The mean opioid use in the ketamine group was lower than inter-peritoneal dexmedmotidine (P = 0.03). Moreover, the mean postoperative analgesia in the ketamine group was higher than inter-peritoneal dexmedmotidine (P = 0.04).

Conclusion: According to the results, the mean opioid consumed in the ketamine group was less than inter-peritoneal dexmedmotidine. Additionally, the mean postoperative analgesia in the ketamine group was higher than that of inter-peritoneal dimethomidine. Therefore, it can be concluded that ketamine has a better effect on reducing pain after cesarean section.
Clinico-pathological spectrum of Childhood Central Nervous System Tumors in Iraq: A Single-Institutional Study
Authors: Al-Jumaily Usama , Al-Safi Rasha , Al-Mosawi Sabah , Al-Obaidy Homam , Fawzi Mohammed
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The present retrospective study analyzed the spectrum of pediatric CNS tumors in a single tertiary hospital in Iraq.

Methods: Data regarding frequencies of various primary CNS tumors (diagnosed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification), in pediatric patients (<18 yrs. of age), were collected from a single tertiary care hospital in Iraq for a period 2014-2017.

Results: fifty-four children were diagnosed with primary CNS tumors. The most common primary pediatric CNS tumors were medulloblastoma (37%), followed by low grade gliomas (29.6%), high grade gliomas (0.011% ), CNS germinoma (0.09%), supratentorial primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors and ependymomas (0.037% for each). Rare tumors encountered were oligodendrogliomas, choroid plexus carcinoma, and pineoblastoma (0.18% for each). The most common low grade gliomas tumor was pilocytic astrocytoma.

Conclusions: This is the first study reporting the spectrum of CNS tumors in children in Iraq. Except for a higher frequency of CNS germinoma, the profile of other pediatric CNS tumors in Iraq is relatively similar to that reported in other countries.
Prevalence of dental trauma in 5-6, 12 and 15-year-old children in Iran
Authors: Al-Shuhayeb Muna , Ghaznavi Dara , Parandeh Shirvan Hoda , Ghasemianpour M , Khoshnevisan MH
Published: March 2022

Abstract 

Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of dental trauma among the 5-6, 12 and 15-year-old Iranian children. Age, sex and place of residence of children with dental trauma and the correlation between parental level of education and prevalence of dental trauma were also evaluated.

Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we used the 2012-national survey data on oral health, which included a sample of Iranian individuals recruited from all provinces of Iran. A cluster random sample of 26,000 children in 3 age groups were included in this study. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis after quality control and data clean up.

Results: The overall prevalence of dental trauma was 4.1% for the total sample. This value was 5.4% in boys and 3.1% in girls. The most common age of occurrence was 15 years (6%) followed by 12 years (4.9%) and 5-6 years (1.5%) of age. The highest percentage of dental trauma in 12 and 15-year-old children was noted in â€œKohkiloye and Boyerahmadâ€ Province. Higher level of parental education was associated with lower frequency of trauma in all age groups. The prevalence of dental trauma was lower among those residing in rural compared with urban areas.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated relatively high prevalence of dental traumatic injuries among 5-15 year-old Iranian children (4.1%). Based on the reported associations, more effort is necessary to educate all parents and children on trauma prevention with priority in urban areas.
Application of Platelet Rich Fibrin in the Regeneration of Intra Oral Defects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Shuhayeb Muna , Meymandi Mansour , Talebi Ardakani Mohammad Reza , Amid Reza , Poursafar Farzaneh , Rahimi Hossein Mohammad , Al-Maawi Sarah , Ghanaati Shahram , Moscowchi Anahita
Published: March 2022

Objective: To systematically review the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) concentrate on the tissue regeneration of intra-oral defects.

Methods: An electronic search was performed in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Library using relevant keywords until June 2018. RCTs which used PRF concentrate for treatment of intrabony defects, sinus augmentation, furcation involvement, endo-periodontal lesions, gingival recession, and ridge preservation were included in the present review.

Results: In total, 79 studies that were used PRF either solely or mixed in human trials were included and divided based on the defect type. Most of the studies used PRF to treat intra-bony defects showed that it would improve treatment outcomes. In case of furcation involvement, the application of L-PRF in addition to open flap debridement improved the bone regeneration in grade II mandibular furcation involvement. In case of ridge preservation and sinus floor augmentation, the results were controversial.

Conclusions: The result of the current systematic review implied that the treatment outcome of PRF application for periodontal and soft tissue repair depends on the treatment strategies and type of the defect. It was shown to PRF application is a practical approach to accelerate and enhance new bone formation in human studies in intrabony defects and furcation involvements.  However, further clinical trials for evaluation of other types of intra-oral defects are required.
The application of salivary gland scintigraphy in quantitative analysis of xerostomia as a frequent salivary gland dysfunction: A review article
Authors: Kaviani Hanieh , Khayamzadeh Mina
Published: March 2022

Salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) that known as the most frequent non-invasive imaging test could be used for distinguishing dysfunction of salivary gland in patients who suffer from SjÃ¶grenâ€™s syndrome (SS) or/and in patients with thyroid cancer after applying radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. One of the main side effects of salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and also radiation therapy in patients who suffer from neck and head cancers is oral dryness that called xerostomia. Anyway, comprehensive futuristic information around conversions in function of salivary gland after SGS are rare. Accordingly, the initial purpose of this study was to distinguish the side effects of SGS on motivated flow rate of oral saliva. As a result, patients after being treated may experience correlated syndromes like xerostomia that could cause oral dryness, sore throat, dental decay, variation in voice quality, bad functions of swallowing and chewing and also altered taste. In this comprehensive study the author tried to review the published studies characterizing SGS technique in patients who suffer from xerostomia and also aimed to discuss around progresses made in the treatment of this disorder. Additionally, for determining the ability of undertaking salivary gland scintigraphy for evaluation of salivary gland health in patients who suffer from xerostomia disorder, some new methods should be develop.
Valproic acid enhances the paclitaxel activity in respiratory tract cancer cells
Authors: Al-Khafaji Ahmed Salim Kadhim , Alnefaie Ghaliah , Al-Shammari Ahmed Majeed
Published: March 2022

Objective: Epigenetic therapies have already been introduced into clinical cancer management.  The main objective of this study is to explore the potential of modulating paclitaxel efficiency using two epigenetic modifiers; valproic acid and decitabin.

Methods: the potential sensitisation of lung and oral cancer cells to paclitaxel was examined by two well-known epigenetic modifiers; the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor Decidabine and histone deacetylase (HDAC) class I inhibitor Valproic acid (VPA). The effect epigenetic modifiers were tested using qPCR and pyrosequencing techniques utilising respiratory tract cancerous tissues and cell lines.

Results: The results exhibited that VPA was an effective epigenetic sensitizer for treating lung and head and neck cancerous cells (A549, SKLU1 and BHY). 48 hours prior to paclitaxel addition, a significant increase (p<0.01) of the paclitaxel toxicity was observed when the cancer cells pre-treated with VPA for 48hr and subsequently with paxlitaxel for 72 hours.  Interestingly, mRNA expression of AURKA was reduced by VPA treatment. The result also demonstrated that p53 status was involved in VPA- mediated paclitaxel sensitisation of HBEC cell lines to paclitaxel. VPA seems to potentiate p53 wild type cells (HBEC-3KT) to paclitaxel, while p53 HBEC knockouts showed less cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel after exposure to 0.5 mM VPA. On the other hand, decitabin was not efficient to sensitise any of the cell lines to paclitaxel when used in either a synchronous or a preceding manner. In addition, the pyrosequencing analysis of the methylation status of the different gene promoters in the lung tumour and normal tissues showed that all the promoters were unmethylated.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the epigenetic modifier VPA can alter the response of cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment. Further investigation is needed to explore the epigenetic mechanism of sensitising cancerous cells to paclitaxel.
Immunohistochemical Assessment of Estrogen, Progesterone Receptors and HER2-neu Over Expression by Core Needle Biopsy in a Sample of Iraqi Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Mohammed Dahlia Raouf , Alwan Nada A.S. , Hussein Raji
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess ER, PR and HER2-neu expression in the specimens obtained by core needle biopsies (CNB) and to correlate the findings with some clinicopathological parameters such as (age, family history, side of breast lump, histological type and grade).

Methods: This cross- sectional study was conducted on 62 female patients complaining of palpable breast lumps. All were subjected to the triple assessment test. Patients with mammography or ultrasonography results signifying BI-RADS 4 or   BI-RADS 5 were selected for core needle biopsy using freehand automated gun instrument. Twenty â€“three out of 52 malignant cases (44.2%) were with positive scores for ER. Twenty-six (50%) of cases were positive regarding PR expression. HER2/neu overexpression revealed positive scores in 22 cases (42.3%).

Results: The correlation between expression of ER, PR and HER2/neu with family history, the side of breast lump and pathological type of carcinoma were statistically not significant. On the other hand, a significant correlation was noted between HER2neu expression and womenâ€™s age; the positive expression was more demonstrated among younger aged women (mean age 45 year), nevertheless, this correlation was not significant with ER,PR expression.  Significant correlation was also found between HER2/neu over expression in breast cancer specimens and the histopathological grading, while that association was not maintained for ER and PR expression.

Conclusion: Immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptors and HER2/neu expression  in  specimens of  breast cancer tissues obtained by CNB technique can indicate tumor aggressiveness and further  need for neoadjuvant therapy before surgical intervention.
Effects of the Systemic Administration of Omega -3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid on Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Jalal Aveen Ageel , AL-Qassab Zewar A. , AL-Rawi Rafel A.
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate and evaluate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on ligature induced periodontitis in rats through the biochemical analysis for ratâ€™s serum level of CRP, ALP and MDA.

 

Methods: Periodontitis was induced for the studied animals by ligation around the upper central incisor. Twenty five animals were used as a control and gavaged by water only, and one hundred animals with the induced periodontitis were divided into four equal groups according to the treatment used which was started at time of ligation removal: Water (P/W), scaling/root planing (P/SRP), 60mg/kg EPA(P/EPA), and scaling/root planing together with EPA(P/SRP+EPA). Blood was taken by cardiac puncture, after three hours, 24 hours, three days, one week and two weeks for biochemical analysis.

Results: The P/SRP+EPA treatment group showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum CRP, significant increase in serum ALP, significant decrease in serum MDA after one week, three days, and three hours  respectively in comparison with the P/W treatment group.

Conclusion: The treatment by SRP with 60mg/kg EPA is better than each one alone and can be used for treatment of periodontitis.
Alcohol consumption and Types of Cancer: A Review
Authors: Afshar Mohammad , Otroshi Omid , Elahian Elahe , Papi Shahab , Aalipour Razieh , Pourebrahimi Mohammad , Fattah Moghaddam Ladan , Kameli Morandini Morteza , Saehiniya Hamid
Published: March 2022

Objective: The purpose of this review study was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and common cancers.

Methods: This study was conducted in English by February 2019 to include studies reporting alcohol consumption related cancer risks through a search in data bases of the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The search strategy included the keywords: "cancer", " alcohol consumption or Alcohol Drinking or Underage Drinking ". Articles that looked at the relationship between each type of cancer and consumption of alcoholic beverages were entered in to the study and summarized in review. 

Results: alcohol consumption is associated with a decreased risk of some types of cancers including: Renal cell carcinoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Also, alcohol is independent risk factor for oral and pharyngeal, laryngeal, Esophagus, Stomach, Colorectal, Breast and Liver cancer. However, further studies are required to confirm the association between alcohol consumption and Pancreas, Lung, Prostate, Endometrium, Brain tumour and Bladder cancer risks.

Conclusions: Given the role of excessive alcohol consumption in the occurrence of various types of cancers, there is a need for a comprehensive plan for alcohol abuse in the community

Keywords: cancer, alcohol consumption, Underage Drinking, Alcohol Drinking