bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wire Break Detection in Hybrid Towers of Wind Turbines: A Novel Application to Monitor Tendons Using Acoustic Emission Analysis
Authors: Fiedler Max , Xu Ronghua , Lange Alexander , Marx Steffen , Ostermann Jörn , Betz Thorsten
Published: February 2025

The growing significance of wind energy in supplying renewable electricity underlines the increasing importance of wind turbine efficiency. Hybrid towers, integrating steel and pre-stressed concrete in a stacked structure, address traditional limitations in nacelle height but face new vulnerabilities, exemplified by a collapse in September 2021. This highlights the crucial need for continuous monitoring, particularly of the tower structure’s tendons. This study introduces acoustic emission monitoring as a novel approach for the early detection of wire breaks within the highly stressed tendons of hybrid towers. The investigations described focus on evaluating the suitability of this method for the specific use case and developing a generalized monitoring approach. Accordingly, background noise in an operating wind turbine tower was recorded and analyzed over a year-long operational period. Correlation analyses of these data unveiled intricate relationships between operational parameters and noise levels, with wind speed, rotor speed, and blade pitch angle exerting influence. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a full-scale specimen, and wire breaks were artificially provoked to characterize the damage signal and assess its attenuation in relevant structural components. The experimental results were integrated into a stochastic model to determine feasible sensor distances, aiming for a 90% probability of detection at a 95% confidence level. Low attenuation along the tendon was identified, enabling reliable detection over significant distances. Nevertheless, practical considerations suggest a focus on tendon anchorages, with the potential for grouped monitoring in specific areas to optimize sensor deployment. The study proposes a sensor network configuration to enhance the safety and reliability of wind turbine structures.
Are There Differences in Postural Control and Muscular Activity in Individuals with COPD and with and Without Sarcopenia?
Authors: Sepúlveda-Loyola Walter , Álvarez-Bustos Alejandro , Valenzuela-Fuenzalida Juan José , Ordinola Ramírez Carla María , Saldías Solis Carol , Probst Vanessa Suziane
Published: February 2025

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare balance performance and electromyographic activity in individuals with COPD, with and without sarcopenia. Method: Thirty-five patients with COPD were classified with and without sarcopenia according to EWGSOP criteria. Balance was assessed using a force platform under four conditions: standing with feet apart and eyes opened (FHEO), eyes closed (FHEC), on an unstable surface (US), and on one leg (OLS). The surface electromyography activity of lower limb muscles and trunks was recorded. Additionally, the timed up and go test (TUG) and the Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Brief-BESTest) were also utilized. Results: Under the FHEO, FHEC, and US conditions, individuals with sarcopenia demonstrated increased velocities, larger oscillation amplitudes, and greater center of pressure displacements under the US condition (p ≤ 0.02). They also showed a higher activation of the scalene, sternocleidomastoid, and abdominal muscles during OLS, along with a reduced activation of the tibialis anterior during OLS and US, and a decreased activation of the vastus medialis during FHEC and US (p ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, sarcopenic COPD patients exhibited poorer performance on the TUG and Brief-BESTest compared to their non-sarcopenic counterparts (p ≤ 0.02). Conclusions: Individuals with COPD and sarcopenia demonstrated greater instability in both bipedal stances and on unstable surfaces, as well as poorer performance in both dynamic and static balance assessments. Furthermore, these individuals exhibited reduced muscular activation in the lower limbs compared to those without sarcopenia.
An AI-Based Framework for Characterizing the Atmospheric Fate of Air Pollutants Within Diverse Environmental Settings
Authors: Radić Nataša , Perišić Mirjana , Jovanović Gordana , Bezdan Timea , Stanišić Svetlana , Stanić Nenad , Stojić Andreja
Published: February 2025

This study introduces a novel artificial intelligence (AI) modeling framework that combines machine learning algorithms optimized through metaheuristics with explainable AI to capture complex interactions among pollutant concentrations, meteorological data, and socio-economic indicators. Applied to a COVID-19-related dataset comprising 404 variables, with benzene concentrations as the target—measured using proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry in Belgrade, Serbia—the framework demonstrated exceptional sensitivity in assessing the impact of complex environmental and societal changes during the pandemic. Explainable AI techniques, such as SHAP and SAGE, were employed to reveal the influence of each predictor, while the clustering of SHAP values identified distinct environmental settings that influenced benzene behavior. Three distinct settings were identified regarding benzene levels during the onset of the state of emergency. The first, involving local petroleum-related activities, biomass burning, chemical manufacturing, and traffic, led to a 15.7% reduction in benzene levels. The second, characterized by non-combustion processes, nocturnal chemistry, and the specific meteorological context, resulted in a 51.9% increase. The third, driven by local industrial processes, contributed to a modest 2.33% reduction. The study underscored the critical role of environmental settings in shaping air pollutant behavior, emphasizing the importance of integrating broader environmental contexts into models to gain a more comprehensive understanding of air pollutants and their dynamics.
The Role of Magnesium, Zinc, and Strontium in Osteoporotic Fracture Repair
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xiang Penghui , Xu Zhe , Gu Meiqi , Zhang Rui , Li Yifei , Chen Hua , He Li , Yi Chengla
Published: February 2025

Osteoporotic fractures represent a significant public health challenge in the context of an aging global population, with the rising prevalence of osteoporosis intensifying the demand for effective fracture treatment. Restoring the structure and function of bone tissue damaged by osteoporosis-induced defects remains a critical issue in clinical practice. In recent years, bioactive metallic materials such as magnesium, zinc, and strontium have gained considerable attention due to their exceptional mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, positioning them as promising materials for osteoporotic fracture repair. This review systematically explored the biological mechanisms, application advancements, and associated challenges of magnesium, zinc, and strontium in fracture healing. Key topics included their roles in promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, inhibiting osteoclast activity, and modulating the bone microenvironment. Additionally, this review examined the optimization strategies for their clinical application, such as their integration into bone scaffolds, the functionalization of conventional materials, and the synergistic effects between different metals. Finally, this review analyzed the current progress and unresolved issues in this field, offering a forward-looking perspective on the clinical potential of bioactive metallic materials in precision treatment of osteoporotic fractures.
Global Initiative for the Risk Assessment Working Group of Invasive Alien Species
Authors: Pan Xubin
Published: February 2025

Biological invasion is not only an ecological phenomenon but also an administrative challenge [...]
RORA Regulates Autophagy in Hair Follicle Stem Cells by Upregulating the Expression Level of the Sqstm1 Gene
Authors: Zhao Xuefei , Xu Yanchun , Li Shuqi , Bai Suying , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yu
Published: February 2025

The hair coat is an adaptive evolutionary trait unique to mammals, aiding them in adapting to complex environmental challenges. Although some of the factors involved in regulating hair follicle development have been characterized, further in-depth research is still needed. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA), as a member of the nuclear receptor family, is highly involved in the regulation of cellular states. Previous studies have shown that autophagy plays a significant role in hair follicle development. This study uses rat hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) as a model to analyze the impact of RORA on the autophagy levels of HFSCs. Upon activation of RORA, autophagy indicators such as the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and MDC staining significantly increased, suggesting an elevated level of autophagy in HFSCs. Following treatment with chloroquine, the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, as well as the expression levels of BECN1 protein and SQSTM1 protein, were markedly elevated in the cells, indicating that the autophagic flux was unobstructed and ruling out the possibility that RORA activation impeded autophagy. Additionally, the level of the Sqstm1 gene increased markedly after RORA activation promoted autophagy in the cells. We found that RORA regulates the transcription level of Sqstm1 by binding to its promoter region. We believe that RORA activation significantly promotes the level of autophagy, particularly selective autophagy, in HFSCs, suggesting that RORA has the potential to become a new target for research on hair follicle development. This research provides a theoretical foundation for studies on hair follicle development and also offers new insights for the treatment of diseases such as alopecia.
The Advances in Antipsychotics-Induced Dyskinesia Rodent Models: Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation
Authors: Velickovic Uros , Selakovic Dragica , Jovicic Nemanja , Mitrovic Marina , Janjic Vladimir , Rosic Sara , Randjelovic Suzana , Milovanovic Dragan , Rosic Gvozden
Published: February 2025

After 70 years of clinical practice with antipsychotics in the treatment of some specific serious mental disorders, much information has been accumulated considering their efficiency as a first-line evidence-based schizophrenia therapy, but also on their adverse effects within the range from minor to life-threatening issues. In this paper, we highlight motor impairment as a frequent limiting factor. Despite the diversity of side effects following antipsychotics usage, many of those who suffer share the same pathophysiological background issues, such as oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and neurodegeneration (observed in the brain regions involved in motor control). The obvious need to solve these limitations is facing restraints in clinical studies due to the ethical issues. Therefore, it seems reasonable to address the importance of preclinical investigations to overcome the adverse effects of antipsychotics. For that purpose, we analyzed the antipsychotics-induced dyskinesia seen in rodent models, with a special focus on attempts to highlight the benefits of antioxidant supplementation. Our analysis has revealed that antioxidant supplementation, with various antioxidant-rich compounds, confirms the clear neuroprotective effects of the therapy of this iatrogenic dyskinesia. Given their accessibility and safety, it seems that the administration of antioxidant-rich compounds in various forms, as an adjuvant therapy, may be beneficial in patients by lowering the risk of secondary Parkinsonism. Also, it seems that the strategy for further investigations in this field of preclinical studies should be standardized and should include more antipsychotics employed in the clinical practice.
Analysis of the Development of Gender Stereotypes and Sexist Attitudes Within a Group of Italian High School Students and Teachers: A Grounded Theory Investigation
Authors: Sulla Francesco , Agueli Barbara , Lavanga Andreana , Logrieco Maria Grazia Mada , Fantinelli Stefania , Esposito Ciro
Published: February 2025

Gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes continue to persist in educational settings, with significant implications for students’ achievement and well-being. This study aimed to investigate the development of gender stereotypes and sexist attitudes among Italian high school students and trainee teachers. A series of focus groups were conducted with a group of Italian school students and trainee teachers to uncover the complex interplay of individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors that contribute to the formation and perpetuation of these biases. Analysis was conducted using a grounded theory approach. The findings reveal a nuanced and multifaceted understanding of the issue, highlighting the critical role of teacher attitudes, peer influence, and broader cultural norms in shaping students’ perceptions and behaviors. This study offers insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to address gender inequities in education and promote more inclusive and equitable learning environments.
Psychosocial Determinants of Occupational Health Through the Lenses of Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Oliveira António , Teixeira Iara , Alckmin-Carvalho Felipe , Pereira Henrique
Published: February 2025

Understanding the determinants of the occupational health of specific populations and their work-related vulnerabilities is important for developing more effective psychosocial interventions. The aims of this study were (1) to explore differences in occupational health between groups of men versus women and heterosexual versus LGBTQIA+ individuals living in Portugal; (2) to assess whether belonging to LGBTQIA+ groups or being a woman predicts worse occupational health; and (3) to evaluate differences in absenteeism frequency and possible predictors based on sexual orientation and gender. This cross-sectional quantitative study involved 577 participants living and working in Portugal (mean age: 41.62 years, SD = 11.41). To assess occupational health, we used the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III—Middle Version). Women and LGBTQIA+ individuals reported poorer occupational health compared to men and heterosexual individuals, although greater discrepancies were observed in LGBTQIA+ individuals, especially in mental health indicators. Gender and sexual orientation were found to have modest but statistically significant effects on occupational health. The absenteeism frequency was higher among women. Our data suggest improvements in terms of women’s occupational health in Portugal, but not gender equality, which indicates that there are still points to be improved. These findings also suggest the persistence of stigma related to sexual diversity and its effects on the occupational health of LGBTQIA+ and underscore the need for more inclusive workplace policies in Portugal.
Exploring the Effect of Lime and Cement Ratios on the Mechanical Properties of Clay Bricks Made from Different Types of Soils
Authors: Laouidji Zakarya , Boutlikht Mourad , Douadi Abdellah , Hebbache Kamel , Atiki Elhoussine , Belebchouche Cherif , Moretti Laura , Czarnecki Slawomir
Published: February 2025

The clay brick industry is facing significant challenges related to improving its physico-mechanical properties and durability performance of sustainable products. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of stabilizers (lime and cement) on the clay brick properties of three soils. The investigated soils were taken from different regions of Algeria. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to examine the effect of lime and cement addition with different ratios of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, on the mechanical properties. The assessment was based on compressive strength, flexural strength, total and capillary water absorption tests. The test results showed that the lime addition to soils A and B led to a significant increase in compressive strength (CS) by 47% and 101%, respectively. The highest values obtained were for the 8% ratio. The obtained gain in compressive strength soil C reached its maximum CS at 6% ratio, and the obtained gain was 44%. However, for cement addition, the highest CS values were obtained at the 10% ratio for all studied soils. The observed gains in compressive strength for soils A, B, and C were 24%, 15%, and 33%, respectively. Flexural strength (FS) followed a similar trend, with lime addition improving (FS) by up to 400% for soil A at an 8% ratio. Cement addition also enhanced (FS), with the highest improvement of 103%, which was observed for soil A at a 10% ratio. It was also observed that lime addition significantly decreased the total absorption by up to 36% at an 8% ratio for soils A and B, and at 6% for soil C. In contrast, the total absorption decreased uniformly with the cement addition up to the 10% ratio. The lowest absorption observed at a 10% ratio was 11.95%. Lime addition also decreased the capillary absorption of clay bricks, and the lowest value was observed at an 8% ratio for both soils (A and B) and 6% for soil C. The CA values decreased by approximately 24% for soils A and B and 14% for soil C. In the case of cement addition, it was noted that the capillary absorption had the same pattern as the total absorption. The percentage decreases in CA were 41%, 40%, and 38% for soils A, B, and C, respectively. These results indicate that the enhancement of clay brick was observed for lime addition ranging from 2% to 8%. Therefore, good mechanical strengths were obtained at a 10% cement ratio.
Zeolitized Clays and Their Use for the Capture and Photo-Fenton Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Kouadio Koffi Simeon , Tchirioua Ekou , Dhainaut Jérémy
Published: February 2025

Water pollution by dyes is a major environmental problem, particularly in the textile, food, and pharmaceutical industries. These dyes are often complex chemical compounds that are difficult to remediate due to their chemical stability, their solubility in water, and their resistance to conventional treatment processes such as filtration, coagulation, or decantation. Thus, to date, there is still a need to make water treatment processes more performant and cost-efficient. The main aim of this research is to prepare photocatalytically active MFI-type zeolites from natural clays and support iron oxide nanoparticles. These catalysts were characterized and evaluated for the capture and the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. After 10 min under photo-Fenton conditions, Fe/MTK-MFI presented almost complete removal of MB for up to four consecutive cycles.
Applications of Machine Learning in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Chiari Malformation Type I: A Scoping Review
Authors: Symeou Solonas , Lampros Marios , Zagorianakou Panagiota , Voulgaris Spyridon , Alexiou George A.
Published: February 2025

Background: The implementation of machine learning (ML) models has significantly impacted neuroimaging. Recent data suggest that these models may improve the accuracy of diagnosing and predicting outcomes in patients with Chiari malformation type I (CMI). Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the guidelines put forth by PRISMA. The literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect databases. We included observational or experimental studies focusing on the applications of ML in patients with CMI. Results: A total of 9 articles were included. All the included articles were retrospective. Five out of the nine studies investigated the applicability of machine learning models for diagnosing CMI, whereas the remaining studies focused on the prognosis of the patients treated for CM. Overall, the accuracy of the machine learning models utilized for the diagnosis ranged from 0.555 to 1.00, whereas the specificity and sensitivity ranged from 0.714 to 1.00 and 0.690 to 1.00, respectively. The accuracy of the prognostic ML models ranged from 0.402 to 0.820, and the AUC ranged from 0.340 to 0.990. The most utilized ML model for the diagnosis of CMI is logistic regression (LR), whereas the support vector machine (SVM) is the most utilized model for postoperative prognosis. Conclusions: In the present review, both conventional and novel ML models were utilized to diagnose CMI or predict patient outcomes following surgical treatment. While these models demonstrated significant potential, none were highly validated. Therefore, further research and validation are required before their actual implementation in standard medical practice.
Adolescents’ Evaluation of Their Parents in Terms of Helicopter Parenting Attitudes
Authors: Yavaş Çelik Melike
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Helicopter parenting is likened to a helicopter constantly hovering over the child. Every action the child takes or attempts to take is monitored by the parents and the child is continuously subjected to parental pressure. This study aims to evaluate the parents of adolescents in terms of helicopter parenting attitudes. Methods: The present study was conducted with a total of 697 adolescents. The data were collected using a question form and the Helicopter Parent Attitude/s Scale (HPAS). Results: The mean HPAS score of the mothers was found to be 35.81 ± 9.43, and the mean HPAS score of the fathers was 32.64 ± 9.50. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in the average HPAS score of the mothers and fathers. It was found that the HPAS scores of mothers seen by the adolescents as having overprotective attitudes were higher than those of mothers with other attitudes. It was found that the average HPAS scores of fathers who were seen by adolescents as having indifferent attitudes were lower than those of fathers with different attitudes. Conclusions: Mothers may have more helicopter parenting attitudes than fathers. There may also be a relationship between overprotective attitudes, indifferent attitudes, and helicopter parenting attitudes. The mediating roles of helicopter parenting should be evaluated in more detail and should help them fulfill their parenting roles.
qRT-PCR Reference Gene Selection for the Discoloration of Tender Leaves in Hawk Tea (Litsea coreana)
Authors: Dai Qianli , Lu Min , Yang Ximeng , Lei Chenggong , Huang Feiyi , Hu Xueping , Huang Xin , Nie Xiaolong , Chen Daojing , Huang Sicheng , Zhu Hengxing
Published: February 2025

To identify stable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis across different developmental stages and color variations of tender leaves in Litsea coreana, seven candidate reference genes were selected based on existing transcriptome data. qRT-PCR was performed on tender leaves of L. coreana at various stages and under different color conditions. The stability of these genes was evaluated using GeNorm (version 2003), NormFinder (version 0953), BestKeeper (version 2003), and ReFinder software (version 2004). The most stable genes were selected, and the stability of the chosen reference genes was validated. RPL and ACT were the most stable genes across different leaf developmental stages, while ACT and EF1-α showed the highest stability across different leaf colors. Overall, ACT and EF1-α were the most stable reference genes for both developmental stages and color variations. ACT and EF1-α can be used as reliable reference genes for gene expression studies in the color change process of L. coreana tender leaves. This will provide a foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms of leaf color changes and the development of color regulation genes in L. coreana.
Using Augmented Reality to Improve Touristic Efficacy
Authors: Cabeleira Miguel , Vaz de Carvalho Carlos
Published: February 2025

The tourism sector, a major economic contributor, seeks innovative approaches to enhance the user experience. In this evolving landscape of global tourism, using augmented reality (AR) technology can be a way to increase the engagement of tourists, but current AR applications often overwhelm (and bore) the users with excessive information. This study addresses the challenge of designing an AR solution that increases the efficiency of exploring and navigating tourist routes, while minimizing information overload by only offering contextualized information about those itineraries. The AR application delivers personalized details about historical monuments, points of interest (POIs), and cultural landmarks, enriching educational experiences and promoting local tourism. The solution was tested on two historic routes, one in Porto and the other in Chaves (both in Portugal), chosen for their cultural richness. The study’s conclusions, derived from experimentation and statistical analysis, confirm the AR technology’s effectiveness in enhancing the efficiency, immersion, and contextualization of tourist routes.
Structural Properties of PE-Based Wood–Plastic Composites Depending on the Share of Lignocellulosic Particles
Authors: Betlej Izabela , Barlak Marek , Borysiak Sławomir , Bombalska Aneta , Nasiłowska Barbara , Sedliačik Ján , Borysiuk Piotr
Published: February 2025

Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) are an excellent example of materials that, thanks to the possibility of using recycled raw materials, directly fit into the circular economy. The properties and quality of composites depend largely on the appropriate selection and proportions of components. These studies included composites produced on the basis of an HDPE-recycled matrix filled with sawdust or bark particles in the amounts of 40%, 50%, and 60%. Their structural features were analyzed for the produced composites. It was shown that a smaller share of filler ensures its more even distribution in the matrix. In turn, the type of filler affects the crystallinity and thermal transformations of the composite. The use of bark as a filler provides more favorable structural parameters of WPCs.
Liquid Biopsy Based Bladder Cancer Diagnostic by Machine Learning
Authors: Bitiņa-Barlote Ērika , Bļizņuks Dmitrijs , Siliņa Sanda , Šatcs Mihails , Vjaters Egils , Lietuvietis Vilnis , Nakazawa-Miklaševiča Miki , Plonis Juris , Miklaševičs Edvīns , Daneberga Zanda , Gardovskis Jānis
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The timely diagnostics of bladder cancer is still a challenge in clinical settings. The reliability of conventional testing methods does not reach desirable accuracy and sensitivity, and it has an invasive nature. The present study examines the application of machine learning to improve bladder cancer diagnostics by integrating miRNA expression levels, demographic routine laboratory test results, and clinical data. We proposed that merging these datasets would enhance diagnostic accuracy. Methods: This study combined molecular biology methods for liquid biopsy, routine clinical data, and application of machine learning approach for the acquired data analysis. We evaluated urinary exosome miRNA expression data in combination with patient test results, as well as clinical and demographic data using three machine learning models: Random Forest, SVM, and XGBoost classifiers. Results: Based solely on miRNA data, the SVM model achieved an ROC curve area of 0.75. Patient analysis’ clinical and demographic data obtained ROC curve area of 0.80. Combining both data types enhanced performance, resulting in an F1 score of 0.79 and an ROC of 0.85. The feature importance analysis identified key predictors, including erythrocytes in urine, age, and several miRNAs. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the potential of a multi-modal approach to improve the accuracy of bladder cancer diagnosis in a non-invasive manner.
Antibacterial Efficacy of Benefect™ Botanical Disinfectant in Comparison with Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorohexidine Against Multiple Endodontic Pathogens: An Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Toma Sarmed , Ferracciolo Joseph , Askar Mazin , Krukonis Eric , Paurazas Susan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Natural antibacterial agents, such as essential oils, can potentially be used for endodontic disinfection with less toxicity than other available irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX). BenefectTM is a formulation of essential oils with broad antibacterial spectrum efficacy. This study aims to compare the antibacterial efficacy of BenefectTM to 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX irrigant solutions against multiple endodontic pathogens. Methods: The study utilized 100 extracted human single-canal permanent teeth. Samples were decoronated, instrumented, and autoclaved. The teeth were infected with Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, or Porphyromonas gingivalis for 6–24 h. The teeth were divided into four groups according to the irrigant solution used. Contact with each irrigant was maintained for 12 min. The antibacterial efficacy of each treatment was calculated relative to viable bacteria recovered after saline treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Results: All S. mutans samples treated with NaOCl, CHX, and BenefectTM showed a complete absence of bacterial colonies when compared to saline (>99.9% killing). The E. faecalis, A. naeslundii, and P. gingivalis samples treated with all tested irrigants showed at least 99% antibacterial killing activity. There was no statistical difference in killing between these three antimicrobial treatments. Conclusions: BenefectTM botanical disinfectant has comparable antibacterial efficacy to NaOCl and CHX against S. mutans, E. faecalis, A. naeslundii, and P. gingivalis.
Growth and Inequality Linkages of the Mexican States in the New Century: A Panel Data Approach with Spatially Lagged Variables
Authors: Artal-Tur Andrés , Osorio-Caballero Maria Isabel , Nuñez Roy
Published: February 2025

The direction of the relationship between economic growth and income (social) inequality remains an open area of research, with theoretical models suggesting the possibility of positive or negative covariations. This study contributes to the debate by examining the case of Mexico, a country characterized by significant income disparities. Our analysis introduces several innovations. First, we adopt a regional approach with data at the level of states, which provides a more suitable framework for comparison in regard to cross-country studies. Second, we employ three distinct measures of income inequality—the Palma ratio (P90/40), the P90/50 ratio, and the Gini index—offering a more comprehensive perspective in terms of income distribution deciles. Additionally, we incorporate a panel data approach that accounts for spatial neighborhood effects in inequality influencing growth. Our findings reveal a strong significant positive covariation between inequality and growth: periods of rising inequality coincide with accelerated economic growth, whereas periods of declining inequality align with growth slowdowns. Interestingly, the model is able to capture both positive and negative covariations for groups of states along the period of analysis, 2005–2019, highlighting the importance of considering regional heterogeneity when running national-level investigations. The effects of spatial inequality clusters on growth seem to be important too, affecting both northern and southern states. These results suggest that Mexico’s growth model appears structurally unequal, which can help to explain the persistent inequality situation shown by the country in the last decades.
Exploring Teachers’ Experience of Occupational Value and Global Accountability Reforms: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Thompson Clare , Waldeck Daniel , Holliman Andrew
Published: February 2025

Teachers’ feelings of occupational or professional value (that is, the subjective experience of feeling a sense of competence or enjoyment derived from undertaking occupational activities or tasks) can significantly influence the retention of the workforce. The United Kingdom (UK) is currently undergoing a teacher shortage, which, despite efforts to strengthen recruitment, has failed to reduce attrition rates to an acceptable level. Through the lived experience of UK primary school teachers, this study aims to deepen our understanding of occupational value. It explores the various factors that shape this value while also examining the ways in which accountability measures influence these dynamics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 UK primary school teachers. A thematic analysis revealed three main influential themes: Holistic Wellbeing; Professional Wellbeing; and Educational Dynamics. These results emphasise the importance of occupational value for the recruitment and retention of high-quality teachers. They also indicate that supportive collaboration and constructive accountability can positively influence perceptions of occupational value as well as personal resilience. Further research is needed in this area to substantiate these preliminary findings.
Skeletal Data Matching and Merging from Multiple RGB-D Sensors for Room-Scale Distant Interaction with Multiple Surfaces
Authors: Coppens Adrien , Maquil Valerie
Published: February 2025

Using a commodity RGB-D sensor is a popular and cost-effective way to enable interaction at room scale, as such a device supports body tracking functionality at a reasonable price point. Even though the capabilities of such devices might be enough for applications like entertainment systems where a person plays in front of a television, this type of sensor is unfortunately sensitive to occlusions from objects or other people, who might be in the way in more sophisticated room-scale set-ups. One may use multiple RGB-D sensors and aggregate the collected data to address the occlusion problem, increase the tracking range, and improve accuracy. However, doing so requires the gathering of calibration information with regard to the sensors themselves and also regarding their relative placement on interactable surfaces. Another challenging consequence of relying on multiple sensors is the need to perform skeleton matching and merging based on their respective body tracking data (e.g., so that skeletons from different sensors but belonging to the same person are recognised as such). The present contribution focuses on approaches to tackling these issues. Ultimately, it contributes a working human interaction tracking system, leveraging multiple RGB-D sensors to provide unobtrusive and occlusion-resilient understanding capabilities. This constitutes a suitable basis for room-scale experiences such as those based on wall-sized displays.
Development of New Generation Portable Camera-Aided Surgical Simulator for Cognitive Training in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Li Yucheng , Nelson Victoria , Nguyen Cuong T. , Suh Irene , De Suvranu , Siu Ka-Chun , Nelson Carl
Published: February 2025

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the standard procedure for gallbladder removal, but improper identification of anatomical structures can lead to biliary duct injury (BDI). The critical view of safety (CVS) is a standardized technique designed to mitigate this risk. However, existing surgical training systems primarily emphasize haptic feedback and physical skill development, making them expensive and less accessible. This paper presents the next-generation Portable Camera-Aided Surgical Simulator (PortCAS), a cost-effective, portable, vision-based surgical training simulator designed to enhance cognitive skill acquisition in LC. The system consists of an enclosed physical module equipped with a vision system, a single-board computer for real-time instrument tracking, and a virtual simulation interface that runs on a user-provided computer. Unlike traditional simulators, PortCAS prioritizes cognitive training over force-based interactions, eliminating the need for costly haptic components. The system was evaluated through user studies assessing accuracy, usability, and training effectiveness. Results demonstrate that PortCAS provides a sufficiently accurate tracking performance for training surgical skills such as CVS, offering a scalable and accessible solution for surgical education.
Economic Impact of Energy Accounting Schemes for Commercial Systems on a Broiler Farm with Power Demand and Generation
Authors: Liang Yi , Popp Michael
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the on-farm solar photovoltaic (PV) generation to offset grid electricity consumption on a commercial poultry farm in the US. Hourly electricity production by PV systems was estimated using the System Advisor Model (SAM) of the National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) and compared with the estimated electric load demand of a broiler house. We analyzed the economic benefits of installing solar systems of three capacities under net energy metering and net energy billing pricing scenarios. Results suggested that a smaller PV installation of 35 kWp, while substantially short of meeting energy needs, resulted in an 85% self-consumption ratio, whereas the larger 70 kWp and 105 kWp PV systems, led to 59% and 42% self-consumption ratios, respectively. This is important when analyzing pricing schemes as lesser amounts of PV energy created are sold to the grid with the smallest system, and, thereby, the least pricing effects on profitability occur across pricing scenarios. Although all scenarios lead to positive net present values (NPVs), under either type of the pricing scenarios, farm business owners realize more favorable energy sales with NEM, which would spur PV system adoption. Results of this study thus provide information to both poultry farmers, considering the size of system installations and policy makers interested in affordably increasing renewable energy supplies and/or rural development.
Controlled Application of Nanoparticles for Remediation in Oil and Gas Application: Strategies, Challenges, and Innovations
Authors: Yusuf Esther O. , Amber Ityona , Officer Simon , Oluyemi Gbenga F.
Published: February 2025

This review provides a detailed examination of strategies for controlling the deposition of nanoparticles in porous media, emphasising the factors influencing their long-term stability and the challenges faced in practical applications. The review explores fundamental mechanisms of nanoparticle retention, including surface modification, intelligent materials, and optimised injection techniques, while discussing environmental and operational variables such as flow velocity, pH, ionic strength, and particle size. The review highlights innovative strategies to maintain nanoparticle stability over time, including responsive ligands, smart nanoparticles, self-healing coatings, and encapsulation techniques. Real-world case studies, including projects from Lockheed Martin, NanoRem, and NANO IRM, illustrate the practical application of these strategies in environmental remediation, emphasising the need for regulatory compliance and long-term monitoring. Overall, this review offers critical insights into the controlled application of nanoparticles for remediation, providing a roadmap for addressing the technical and regulatory challenges associated with their deployment in porous media.
Correction: Shi et al. Advances in Global Remote Sensing Monitoring of Discolored Pine Trees Caused by Pine Wilt Disease: Platforms, Methods, and Future Directions. Forests 2024, 15, 2147
Authors: Shi Hao , Chen Liping , Chen Meixiang , Zhang Danzhu , Wu Qiangjia , Zhang Ruirui
Published: February 2025

In the original publication [...]
Incorrect Identification in the Marketing of Serrasalmid Fishes: A Threat to Native Species and Productivity in the Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Martins Diego G. , Prado Fernanda D. , Utsunomia Ricardo , Hashimoto Diogo Teruo , Goes Caio Augusto Gomes , Foresti Fausto , Rodrigues Junior Carlos Egberto , Porto-Foresti Fabio
Published: February 2025

Interspecific hybridization can offer advantages in fish aquaculture by enhancing traits like growth rate and disease resistance. However, improper management can result in heterogeneous breeding stocks, which pose risks if hybrids interbreed with native populations. This can lead to loss of genetic diversity and alterations in population structure. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hybridization within the Brazilian aquaculture industry, focusing on the economically significant Serrasalmid species, such as Piaractus mesopotamicus (pacu), Piaractus brachypomus (pirapitinga), Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui), and their hybrids. Using molecular markers (TROP and APOC SNP markers), 312 individuals from the Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP), the largest warehouse in Latin America, were assessed. The results revealed that 80% of the samples were misidentified, with a substantial proportion of hybrids (72.12%). Among these hybrids, 71.6% were classified as F1 hybrids, while 28.4% were post-F1 hybrids. These findings highlight the need for improved genetic monitoring and management practices in Brazil’s fish production industry, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices to ensure the long-term viability of aquaculture while preserving native genetic resources.
A Protein-Based Approach for Greek Yogurt Authentication via an HRMS Technique (MALDI-TOF MS) and Milk Powder Detection as a Fraudulent Addition
Authors: Krystalli Evangelia , Thomaidis Nikolaos , Kritikou Anastasia S. , Kokkinos Christos
Published: February 2025

The popularity of Greek-style yogurt (made from cow, ewe, and goat milk) has grown significantly in recent years thanks to its high protein content, nutritional value, and unique creamy texture, making it vulnerable to illegal practices, such as adulteration. In the present work, a fast and reliable matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)-based methodology was developed for the detection of yogurt adulteration with cow milk powder, exploiting the intact protein profile. An integrated protein-based workflow was established for the detection of as little as 1% cow milk powder addition into cow and goat milk yogurt. Simultaneously, markers for yogurt classification based on their animal origin (cow, ewe, or goat), type (traditional or strained), and thermal treatment of milk were revealed for the first time. Statistical analysis using chemometric tools, such as unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) recognition techniques, were implemented for the discrimination/classification of the yogurt samples.
Implementation of Plum Skin as a Structuring Agent in Plum Spread
Authors: Bajić Aleksandra , Cvetković Biljana , Mastilović Jasna , Hadnađev Miroslav , Djordjević Marijana , Djordjević Miljana , Filipčev Bojana
Published: February 2025

Plum skin, a by-product of industrial plum juice production, is rich in phenolic bioactives, functional compounds, and dietary fibers. These compounds support health, while the fibers may also act as structuring agents in food processing. This study investigated the structuring properties of lyophilized plum skin (LPS) in functional plum spreads produced in laboratory (F-LS) and semi-industrial (F-IS) environments, compared to a control spread (CS). Textural and rheological properties were analyzed through penetration, spreadability, flow, and dynamic oscillatory tests. Total, soluble, and insoluble dietary fibers (TDF, SDF, and IDF) in LPS and plum purée (PP) were measured using the enzymatic gravimetric method, and pectic substances contents were quantified using the colorimetric carbazole method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polysaccharides and pectins in LPS. LPS had higher TDF, SDF, and IDF compared to PP, with TDF in LPS at 38.98 ± 0.52 g/100 g d.m. and IDF as the predominant fraction. The pectin content in LPS was 0.73 ± 0.03 g/100 g d.m., and water retention capacity ranged from 3.63 to 3.86 g/g depending on temperature (room, 50, and 82 °C). Incorporating LPS into the F-IS spread significantly increased all textural and rheological parameters, with TDF three times higher (6.69 g/100 g) compared to CS. All samples exhibited viscoelastic gel-like behavior, and LPS was a statistically significant structuring agent in both functional spreads compared to CS.
Geochronology, Petrogenesis, and Geological Significance of the Longchahe Granite, Gejiu Sn Polymetallic Ore District, SW China
Authors: Yang Rong , Chen Yongqing , Coulson Ian M.
Published: February 2025

Longchahe porphyritic granite is the largest pluton within the western Gejiu complex, a series of mainly intermediate to felsic alkali intrusions in southwestern China. Our research indicates that the pluton intruded during the Late Cretaceous (82–84 Ma). The pluton is primarily a medium- to coarse-grained porphyritic granite, which shows weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.92–1.82, with an average of 1.09) and alkali (shoshonitic) characteristics, exhibiting an affinity with highly differentiated I-type granite. The porphyritic granite is enriched in K and Rb, but depleted in Ba, P, and Ti, and displays significant enrichment of light rare earth elements with minor negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.46–0.66). It has elevated (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.71243–0.71301), negative εNd(t) values (−8.42–−6.46), and a broad range of εHf(t) values (−13.80–9.17). These geochemical characteristics indicate that the formation of Longchahe granite involved both crust–mantle assimilation and strong crystal fractionation. Additionally, the pluton demonstrates a significant enrichment of W. A factor analysis study suggests that the formation of granites is associated with F1 (Nb–Ta–Th–LREE–HREE–[W]), whilst F2 represents Sn–Pb–U–[Zn] polymetallic mineralisation in western Gejiu. Further, a score diagram indicates that the granites exhibit a high abundance of ore-forming elements, with potential for Pb and Zn mineralisation. Our study favours that the Longchahe granites likely formed within a continental arc–tectonic setting, related to subduction and subsequent rotation processes experienced by the Paleo-Pacific plate.
Woman, Life, Freedom, and the Comics Classroom After Mahsa Amini
Authors: Tolmie Jane
Published: February 2025

Since the 2022 death of Mahsa Jina Amini in custody of the Guidance Patrol or morality police in Tehran, Iran, Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi can also function in the classroom as a comics touching point for human rights discourses around the world and in particular—though not exclusively—those that impact women. Kimberlé Crenshaw, who brought intersectionality to the forefront of cultural and political discourses in 1989, has used the phrase “say her name” to draw attention to the deaths of women and children, especially Black women and children, at the hands of law enforcement officers. Chants of “Say her name, Mahsa Amini”, rang among protesters outside Khalifa International Stadium in Qatar ahead of Iran’s first match of the World Cup 2022 against England. Now in 2025, cultural conversations around feminism and creativity as resistance can turn to the woman, life, freedom movement in Iran. Shervin Hajipour’s song “Baraye”, meaning “for” in Persian, which was inspired by tweets echoing protesters’ calls for change, became an anthem of the uprising and exists in comic art as well as song. The comics classroom can address the concerns and issues surrounding Amini’s death and the ongoing relevance of Persepolis as a coming-of-age text about living as a woman in Iran. In dialogue with the works of Sidonie Smith, Julia Watson, Hillary Chute, Sally Munt, and bell hooks, this piece addresses the pedagogy of human rights through comic art as crisis witnessing. With attention to comics material from two members of the Iranian diaspora, Shabnam Adiban and Farid Vahid, from the 2024 collection Woman, Life, Freedom, put together by Satrapi, this piece navigates potential Orientalism and Islamophobia in the Western classroom through engagement with intersectional feminism.