bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of neonatal sepsis, early diagnosis and preventive intensive care
Authors: Kurochkin M. Yu. , Davydova A. H. , Krupinova O. M.
Published: July 2024

Neonatal sepsis is a pathological process that occurs as a complication of any infectious processes and is a life-threatening condition for newborns.
Aim. To inform practitioners with the case of neonatal sepsis, when timely diagnosis and intensive care helped to prevent the development of septic shock and multiple organ failure.
Materials and methods. A child was treated in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of Newborns of Zaporizhzhia City Pediatric Hospital No. 5. He underwent clinical and biochemical blood tests, microbiological, radiological and ultrasound examinations using the hospital equipment.
Results. The child with a complicated prenatal history was born by emergency caesarean section for severe pre-eclampsia at 34 weeks’ gestation. On the tenth day of life, the infant developed a worsening intoxication syndrome and febrile temperature. X-ray examinations revealed right-sided pneumonia; clinical blood count showed leukocytosis with acute inflammatory changes, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated procalcitonin level. A day later, the inflammatory changes dramatically deteriorated, and the cerebrospinal fluid cytosis was increased up to 850 cells and dominated by neutrophils. Blood cultures tested positive for Enterobacter cloacae. The child was prescribed antibacterial therapy according to the de-escalation principle (meronem and vancomycin) with subsequent changes according to the results of microbiological examinations, infusion therapy with parenteral nutrition, immunosupportive (intravenous immunoglobulin) and antifungal therapy. As a result of intensive therapy, clinical blood count inflammatory abnormalities were regressed, cerebrospinal fluid was completely restored to health, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels were normalized, and pneumonia was resolved within a week. Positive laboratory changes were correlated with the general condition: normalization of body temperature, increased activity, and enteral feeding ability.
Conclusions. Timely diagnosis and intensive care of neonatal sepsis caused by gram-negative flora helped to prevent the development of multiple organ failure and septic shock. The use of antibiotic therapy according to the de-escalation principle is justified in newborns at high risk of developing septicaemia.
Lifeworld dimensions in language education and the integration of refugee students in Germany: Results from a study with Ukrainian refugees
Authors: Orobchuk Dariia , Skintey Lesya
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the educational challenges and language acquisition processes of newly immigrated students in Germany, with a focus on children and adolescents who have fled Ukraine. Utilizing qualitative interviews with Ukrainian refugees, the study explores the impact of migration, particularly due to the Russian war against Ukraine, on the language education of these individuals in German as a Second Language settings. The interviews, which were conducted with women who have fled Ukraine, and include their perspectives on familial language practices and educational orientations, reveal the complexities faced by this population in their host country. The paper discusses the implications of experiences of flight, language use within the family, structural changes in educational approaches, and the Ukrainian online schooling in sustaining educational continuity. The findings underscore the need for trauma sensitive, culture informed, and language specific pedagogy, alongside the importance of considering the emotional and psychological wellbeing of refugee students. The paper calls for more nuanced research, and didactic considerations that align with the diverse linguistic and educational backgrounds of refugee students.
Development and validation of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health – Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Questionnaires (ASRH-KASeQ)
Authors: Setiyorini Ana , Sitaresmi Mei N. , Nisman Wenny A.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The tools to measure knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy related to adolescent sexual and reproductive health have been developed, but with adolescent subjects over 15 years old and with specific topics. The needs and focus of SRH education in adolescents are different from those of young adults. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool to measure adolescents’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy regarding SRH.

Methods

A total of 100 items were developed based on a literature search, focus group discussion, and expert panel encompassing three domains: knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. The Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health – Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy Questionnaires (ASRH-KASeQ) then underwent a validation process that included content validity, face validity, and internal consistency reliability. This study was conducted on adolescents aged 12–15 years in secondary school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All statistical methods were analyzed using STATA software.

Results

The average content validity (S-CVI/Ave) and face validity (S-FVI/Ave) for knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy demonstrated good validity with scores of 0.93 and 0.94, 0.92 and 0.96, and 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. The internal consistency reliability using Cronbach’s alpha for the knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy domains exceeded 0.6, with results of 0.7, 0.81, and 0.89, which were considered acceptable.

Conclusions

The final set of ASRH-KASeQ consisted of 100 items measuring knowledge (40 items), attitude (30 items), and self-efficacy (30 items) of adolescents SRH. ASRH-KASeQ was shown to be a reliable and valid tool for Indonesian adolescents, especially those aged 12–15 years.
The predictive validity of MCAT scores and undergraduate GPA for COMLEX-USA licensure exam performance of students enrolled in osteopathic medical schools
Authors: Royal Kenneth D. , Meyer Christian , Guercio Erik , Speicher Mark , Flamini Joseph , Sandella Jeanne M. , Tsai Tsung-Hsun , Searcy Cynthia A.
Published: July 2024

Context

Osteopathic (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine [DO]) medical students account for more than 25 % of all medical students in the United States.

Objectives

This study examined the predictive validity of Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) total scores and cumulative undergraduate grade point averages (UGPAs) for performance on the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States (COMLEX-USA) Level 1 and Level 2-CE (Cognitive Evaluation) licensure examinations administered by the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners (NBOME). Additionally, the study examined the degree to which MCAT total scores and UGPAs provide comparable prediction of student performance by key sociodemographic variables.

Methods

This study involved a collaborative effort between the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM) and the NBOME. Data were examined for 39 accredited DO-granting medical schools in the United States during the 2017 application cycle. Researchers utilized three regression models that included MCAT total scores, cumulative UGPA, and combined MCAT total scores and cumulative UGPA to determine predictive validity. Researchers also examined the comparability of prediction for sociodemographic variables by examining the differences between observed and predicted error for both scores and pass/fail success rates.

Results

Medium to large correlations were discernible between MCAT total scores, UGPA, and COMLEX-USA examination outcomes. For both COMLEX-USA Level 1 and Level 2-CE scores and pass/fail outcomes, MCAT scores alone provided superior predictive value to UGPA alone. However, MCAT scores and UGPA utilized in conjunction provided the best predictive value. When predicting both licensure examination scores and pass/fail outcomes by sociodemographic variables, all three models provided comparable predictive accuracy.

Conclusions

Findings from this comprehensive study of DO-granting medical schools provide evidence for the value-added benefit of taking MCAT scores and UGPA into consideration, particularly when these measures are utilized in conjunction. Further, findings provide evidence indicating that individuals from different sociodemographic backgrounds who enter medical school with similar MCAT scores and UGPA perform similarly on licensure examination outcome measures.
Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) and mesocarnivores in a Mongolian protected area
Authors: Davaasuren Delgerchimeg , Mazzamuto Maria Vittoria , Tranquillo Claudia , Enkhbat Undrakhbayar , Munkhtsog Bayaraa , Bayanmunkh Ulam-Urnukh , Yunden Altanbagana , Dolphin Jeff , Gansukh Sukhchuluun , Koprowski John
Published: July 2024

Prey-predator interactions across time and space strongly influence many animal communities. This study unveils the first insights into the ecology of the Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) in Mongolia, and specifically in Bogd Khan Mountain Strictly Protected Area. We used by-catch data obtained from camera traps to analyze activity patterns and potential interactions with mammalian predators. Red squirrels exhibited primarily diurnal activity with occasional nocturnal forays, while potential predators like foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Vulpes corsac) and martens (Martes foina, Martes zibellina) displayed cathemeral and nocturnal patterns, respectively. The diurnal Pallas’s cat (Otocolobus manul) showed the greatest activity overlap with squirrels. Suggesting predator avoidance behavior potentially mediated by olfactory cues, squirrel activity was negatively impacted by marten presence, which was in turn potentially affected by human disturbance. We highlight the need for further investigations, particularly regarding the dietary composition of Pallas’s cats in forested habitats and the broader ecological implications of human disturbance on predator–prey dynamics within this crucial conservation area.
Unlocking the potential of oat straw: Efficient pretreatment methods for enhanced glucose production
Authors: Zhu Mingda , Qiu Xuejiao , Hao Jingyun , Hu Jianhua , Liu Zhanying
Published: July 2024

The excellent physical and chemical properties of deep eutectic solvents, especially the ability of some of them to dissolve biomass, make them broadly applicable in biomass pretreatment. In this study, oat straw was pretreated with deep eutectic solvents composed of choline chloride and an acid (formic, lactic, or oxalic acid). The highest reducing sugar yield was obtained for the formic acid/choline chloride mixture. Using a pretreatment temperature of 110 °C, a reaction time of 2 h, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, the reducing sugar yield obtained by cellulase hydrolysis was 23.5%, the degradation rate of cellulose reached 76.9%, and hemicellulose was completely degraded. The pretreated oat straw was then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The changes in its crystallinity and lignin content compared to the untreated specimen were determined. A preliminary mechanism for the pretreatment of oat straw with formic acid/choline chloride was revealed. The study could provide an opportunity to expand the application in biochemicals or biological feed processes.
RADIATION THERAPY OF CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS: VIEW OF RADIOBIOLOGISTS
Authors:   R.E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Domina E.A. , Dumanskyi Yu.V. ,   R.E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mаkovetska L.I. ,   R.E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Glavin O.A. ,   R.E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Mikhailenko V.M. ,   R.E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Prokopenko І.V. ,   R.E.Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: July 2024

Summary. Despite the positive results achieved in recent years in the treatment of cervical cancer (CC), the overall and recurrence-free survival of patients with this pathology leaves much to be desired. This is connected with a number of problems. The main ones are late diagnosis, which leads to the neglect of the tumor process, insufficient effectiveness of conservative treatment methods, which depends on relatively low sensitivity to the drugs used, and low specificity of the radiation therapy (RT) used. Based on the analysis of data from the literature and our own research, the way to determine among the main radiobiological indicators, which take into account the mechanisms and stages of the formation of radiation lesions, predictors of complications due to RT in CC patients. This will make it possible to single out a group at increased risk of developing negative effects of RT, to develop effective means of pathogenetic therapy for tissue damage from around the tumor, and thus to reduce the frequency, nature and degree of severity of remote side complications of RT in this category of patients, which will contribute to improving the quality of life of patients.
Using an Innovative Model to Improve Performance of the Infant Hip Examination
Authors: Joshi Neha S. , Zven Sidney , Graziose Brian , Manno Grace , Manwaring Lauren , Ahuja Arshiya , Tyrrell Hollyce , Zafar Nagma , Weissbrod Elizabeth , Lopreiato Joseph O. , Loyal Jaspreet
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES

Determine if a new teaching bundle targeting developmental dysplasia of the hip screening improved interns’ examination skills across multiple pediatric residency programs.

METHODS

This multicenter prospective cohort study included interns across 6 pediatric residency sites within the Academic Pediatric Association’s Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns Network in 2022. Participants underwent a baseline hip examination assessment on models using a checklist derived from textbook descriptions of Galeazzi, Ortolani, and Barlow maneuvers before receiving a teaching bundle. Repeat testing occurred after instruction. Data were analyzed using t-test for continuous and χ2 test for categorical variables. Semistructured focus groups provided qualitative feedback regarding the teaching bundle.

RESULTS

We enrolled 117 of 155 interns across 6 sites (76%) for participation in the teaching bundle. Only 2% of participants (n = 2) identified a positive Galeazzi sign at baseline, whereas 88% (n = 103, P < .001) did so on the postinstructional assessment. Although 27% of participants (n = 32) correctly identified a positive Barlow sign at baseline, 69% (n = 81, P < .001) did so on the postinstructional assessment. The ability to correctly detect a positive Ortolani sign increased from 22% (n = 26) to 92% (n = 108, P < .001). Fifteen interns participated in the semistructured focus groups, with resultant themes reinforcing the limited experience of the infant hip examination before this intervention and the positive impact of the teaching bundle.

CONCLUSIONS

Most participants in this study did not have strong infant hip examination skills at entry into residency. A standardized teaching bundle significantly improved skills in examination technique and identifying abnormalities.
Land Distribution	in German and Mennonite Colonies During the NEP Period. Expectations and Reality
Authors: Khodchenko O.E.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the Soviet authorities and the German, as well as Mennonite communities, regarding land issues during the NEP period. It is based on the analysis of the official reports, memoirs and documents. The author studies the complex relationships between the central government, the regional level of authorities (provincial and district) and Mennonites. The land distribution in Mennonite colonies, as well as the cause and-effects of the process are analyzed. In the whirlwind of the internal and foreign political processes, the newly created Soviet state found itself on the edge of socio- economic conflicts. In order to solve urgent economic issues and curb mob violence, a number of economic reforms were adopted, which are known in history as the New Economic Policy. Most of the projects of the Soviet government were based on communist ideology at the initial stage. Those advanced farms’ lands, which used to belong to the Mennonites and Germans, were redistributed. Unemployed / recent employed people who had received some land, were not skilled and did not have a knack for agriculture. Therefore, they gradually abandoned their lands. That strategy undermined the land system and, as a result, became another pushing motivation for emigration and agricultural problems in the countryside. As a result of the Bolshevik government’s land program, the Mennonite community became embroiled in complex multilevel problems: a) intra- community land tensions caused by demographic processes and the resettlement of fellow refugees from starving regions of Soviet Russia to the colonies; b) conflicts with the population of neighboring villages and poor peasant committees, which often forced the issue of redistribution of Mennonite lands in their favor; c) failure of provincial and district executive committees to enforce resolutions of the supreme power to settle the land issue of the Mennonite community; d) ineffectiveness of the national minority committee; e) the perception by some Mennonites of new communist ideas – social equality. These reasons became important pushing factors for а large-scale wave of emigration of this ethno- confessional group to North America.
Uprising	in Kukavka, August 1918: course of	events
Authors: Malynovsky B.V.
Published: July 2024

The article is devoted to a major anti-government armed uprising in the Podolsk province of the Ukrainian State in August 1918. The aim of the research is to determine the number of the participants in the uprising and to restore its course. The organizers of the uprising were former functionaries of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Their goals included the removal of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadsky from power, the restoration of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, and the expulsion of the troops of the Central Powers from Ukraine. The rebels sought to conduct land socialization, begun by the leadership of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and canceled by the hetman. They also intended to destroy all major landowners and hetman officials who came into their hands. The uprising began on August 14 in the village of Kukavka, Mogilev district. Part of the pre-formed battle groups united into a large detachment. Coming out of Kukavka, the rebels moved towards Mogilev- Podilsky, but then changed their original plan and rejected the assault of the county center. Subsequently, the rebel army raided the territory of Mogilev, Yampol and Bratslav districts, absorbing the rest of the previously prepared battle groups. The actions of the rebels were reduced to a number of clashes with the Austro- Hungarian units and several cruel reprisals against the hetman’s officials and employees of the landowners’ households. The total number of participants in the uprising, obviously, ranged from two to three thousand people. The rebels failed to provoke a mass anti-government movement because the population of the villages did not support them. Having been defeated several times by the Austro-Hungarian troops, the rebel army returned to the Kukavka region. On August 25, it was finally defeated in a battle near the village of Rovno. By the end of the month, the last small groups of rebels had been eliminated. After the suppression of the uprising, its participants were subjected to severe repression.
Medieval city	of France and Germany: the Сritical Vision of Professor L. M. Berkut
Authors: Nalivaiko A.O.
Published: July 2024

In the article the author makes an attempt to analyze the most common theories of the emergence of a medieval city and the concept by the medievalist Leonid Berkut devoted to this issue. It is shown the his critical vision regarding the historical process of the causes and evolution of a medieval city. X–XI centuries became a turning period in the history of Western Europe. There were significant changes in the development of agriculture, crafts and trade, feudal affairs were completely formed. In addition to these important social phenomena, another significant process began in the development of feudal Europe: along with ancient cities, new medieval cities began to emerge as a concentration of crafts and trade, an administrative- legal and religious center. The medieval city became an essential factor of social development then. How and where, why, under what conditions did the new cities arise? Today there are more than a dozen theories of the origin of the medieval city: Romanistic, patrimonial, market, burg, guild, mark, merchant and their varieties. Each of these theories is debatable. Leonid Nikolaevich Berkut (1879–1940) Ukrainian medieval historian studying the Medieval ages a lecture in Kyiv, Warsaw, Don universities, educator, doctor of historical sciences, professor. He devoted his monographs to the topic: "History of French Cities in the Middle Ages", "The Fate of French Cities in the Middle Ages", "Imperial Privileges and City Rights of the XII century in Germany", "History of German Cities in the Middle Ages”. In his works, the scientist also touched upon the issue of the phenomenon of the emergence of a medieval city. For L.Berkut, the the formation and development of a medieval city in the Western Europe could not be the same (не зрозуміло). The development of the cities depended on many different reasons: the degree of division of labor in agriculture and crafts, trade routes, international relations, cultural and religious institutions (monasteries, bishops’ chairs), the development of law, strategic considerations in the construction of fortresses, the degree of interest of the feudal lord in the growth of cities. Also, one cannot ignore the reasons of the political development of medieval countries: the centralization or decentralization of supreme power. L. Berkut was not only a thorough researcher presented the Western urban schools on the development of a medieval city, but also an active participant in the scientific debates that unfolded on this issue in Ukrainian and Russian historiography of the 20th century.
Exploring Non-Native-English-Speaking Preservice EFL Teachers’ Cognitions: What Teaching Philosophy Statements Can Tell Us
Authors: Tatar Sibel
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the content and characteristics of the cognitions of 30 Turkish English-as-a-foreign-language preservice teachers as manifested in their teaching philosophy statements. The study showed that the preservice teachers’ cognition was focused on both the pedagogical (teaching-learning and language teaching methods) and the personal and interpersonal (learners’ and teachers’ roles and the relationship between them) aspects of teaching and was characterized by high idealism and naïveté, but they also demonstrated a certain level of awareness of the future contexts in which they would be teaching. Although their past experiences significantly shaped their cognition, they found that their current teacher education program helped them develop a critical view of these experiences.
EFL/ESL Teachers’ and Students’ Perceptions and Practices of Written Feedback in a Higher Education Context
Authors: Mamad Abderrahim , Vígh Tibor
Published: July 2024

This systematic review focused on higher education teachers’ and students’ perceptions and practices of written feedback, as well as their relationships and differences in English as a foreign/second language and academic writing. This study aimed to identify empirical studies, describe their characteristics, summarize the findings, and make recommendations for future research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol was used. Electronic searches produced 2,398 references, of which 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Studies primarily focused on students’ perceptions, with few concentrating on students’ and teachers’ reported practices and the relationships between their perceptions and practices. This review suggests that future research should focus on multiple comparisons between teachers’ and students’ perceptions and practices of written feedback.
Factors Influencing Language Learning in Didactic Audiovisual Translation Within the TRADILEX Project
Authors: Buil-Beltrán Paula , Bobadilla-Pérez María
Published: July 2024

This paper reports a mixed-method study on the factors shaping language learning through didactic audiovisual translation. The aim is to analyse the determinants influencing the effective implementation of an integrative project, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the learning process. Data from 172 students were gathered through initial and final questionnaires, which offered insights into their perceptions of didactic audiovisual translation. The results demonstrate a noticeable shift in learners’ attitudes towards audiovisual translation as a language learning tool during the tasks. This transformation led to the recognition of potential benefits, not only in conventional modes like subtitling and dubbing but also in less recognised modes such as audio-description and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing.
Editorial: The Silver Jubilee of the Profile Journal
Authors: Cárdenas Melba Libia
Published: July 2024

It is a real pleasure to share with our readership that in September 2024, we will celebrate twenty-five years of our publication. Profile was launched in 2000 as a yearly publication. In 2008, the journal became semiannual, and since then, a new issue has been published each January and July. The celebration of twenty-five years of publication brings not only satisfaction for our achievements; it also makes us feel that all the efforts to maintain the journal’s periodical publication have been worthwhile.
E-cigarettes use and respiratory symptoms in asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents – a systematic review
Authors: Kurdyś-Bykowska Paulina , Kośmider Leon , Konwant Dawid , Stencel-Gabriel Krystyna
Published: July 2024

E-cigarettes were initially developed to aid smoking cessation, evolving from basic cigarette-like devices to more advanced versions. However, despite bans and restrictions, they remain easily accessible to young individuals and contribute to addiction. Studies show that early initiation of vaping in adolescents significantly increases the risk of eventually smoking conventional cigarettes, posing a serious public health problem. This review focused on analysing the harmful effects of electronic cigarettes on the respiratory system in adolescents through original articles and case reports. A total of 24 studies that focused on the effects of e-cigarettes on the respiratory system in adolescents were selected. The studies assessed the occurrence of respiratory system disorders, the impact on asthmatic adolescents, and the relationship between e-cigarette use and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Several studies have demonstrated that adolescents who use e-cigarettes are at an increased risk of experiencing respiratory symptoms. The pandemic has brought about changes in e-cigarette use among teenagers, including reduced use due to health concerns and limited access, as well as increased nicotine levels in response to stress and boredom. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to screen adolescents for e-cigarette use, educate them about the potential harm, and consider e-cigarettes as a possible cause of respiratory symptoms.
Pancake kidney – a rare form of renal malformation in a 7-year-old girl. A case report and a literature review
Authors: Gościńska Agnieszka , Milart Joanna , Placzyńska Małgorzata , Jobs Katarzyna , Lisiak Emil , Kalicki Bolesław
Published: July 2024

Renal ectopia and renal fusion belong to a group of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract that mostly remain asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally. Patients with congenital renal anomalies are prone to urinary tract infections and stone formation, and ultimately more likely to develop chronic kidney disease. Pancake kidney is one of the rarest types of renal anomaly, with complete fusion of the superior and inferior poles as well as the middle parts of both kidneys in the pelvic cavity into a pancake-like mass. Imaging studies play a key role in the diagnosis of this anomaly. We present a case of a girl diagnosed with pancake kidney at the age of 8 years. The patient did not present with any alarming symptoms and the suspicion of renal malformation was raised after an abdominal ultrasound, which shew that the left kidney was missing from its typical location. Ultimately, computed tomography allowed for precise imaging of the urinary tract and establishing the diagnosis.
Is the identification of multiple infantile cutaneous haemangiomas always a definitive diagnosis? A case report of an infant with multifocal hepatic haemangioma
Authors: Baranowska Jagoda , Boral Wiktoria , Jarzumbek Anna , Kluczewska Ewa , Saran Anna , Kwiecień Jarosław , Górowska-Kowolik Katarzyna , Grabowski Andrzej , Sienko Anna , Bąk-Drabik Katarzyna
Published: July 2024

Multifocal hepatic haemangiomas are the most common benign vascular tumours of the liver that are detected in children with concomitant multiple infantile haemangiomas. Reported lesions are usually undetectable at birth, which presents a diagnostic problem for general practitioners. Ultrasound should be the imaging examination performed in the first instance in search for vascular anomalies in children. In pharmacotherapy, the first-choice treatment is propranolol, administered orally. In the described case, a boy with multiple hepatic and skin haemangiomas, after treatment with propranolol, achieved a significant improvement in the ultrasound image of the liver. Skin lesions were also reduced. The importance of the physical examination should be emphasised in the context of detecting cutaneous haemangiomas, which usually accompany multifocal hepatic haemangiomas and should prompt the physician to regularly observe and repeat abdominal ultrasound examinations of the diagnosed and/or treated child.
Jeanne E. Arnold, Anthony P. Graesch, Enzo Ragazzini, Elinor Ochs: Life at Home in the Twenty-First Century – 32 Families Open their Doors
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: July 2024

Jeanne E. Arnold, Anthony P. Graesch, Enzo Ragazzini, Elinor Ochs: Life at Home in the Twenty-First Century – 32 Families Open their Doors: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, UCLA, 2012: 172 pp., colour photography, hardback, £22.50.
The Foodie Bugle
Authors: Clark Letitia
Published: July 2024

The Foodie Bugle: £10 an issue from .
Lynda Moreau, ed.: The Confederate Cookbook: Family Favorites from the Sons of Confederate Veterans
Authors: Lyman-Dixon Anthony
Published: July 2024

Lynda Moreau, ed.: The Confederate Cookbook: Family Favorites from the Sons of Confederate Veterans: Los Angeles, Pelican Publishing Company, 2000: 382 pp., hardback, £15.83.
Catherine Phipps: The Pressure Cooker Cookbook
Authors: Storey Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Catherine Phipps: The Pressure Cooker Cookbook, Ebury Press, 2012: 223 pp., hardback, £18.99.
Rachel Cooke: Her Brilliant Career: Ten Extraordinary Women of the Fifties
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Rachel Cooke: Her Brilliant Career: Ten Extraordinary Women of the Fifties: Virago, 2013: 326 pp., hardback, £18.99.
William Rubel: The Magic of Fire: Hearth Cooking
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

William Rubel: The Magic of Fire: Hearth Cooking: Ten Speed Press, 2002: ISBN 1580084532: 294 pp, illustrations by Ian Everard, h/b, $40.00.
Patrick Lamb: Royal Cookery
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Patrick Lamb: Royal Cookery: 3rd edition, 1726. £5.50 on CDROM from  David Oakey, e-mail  and Pathfields, Alvescot, Oxford, OX18 2PS.
Stuart J. Fleming: Vinum. The Story of Roman Wine
Authors: Jaine Tom
Published: July 2024

Stuart J. Fleming: Vinum. The Story of Roman Wine: Art Flair, Glen Mills PA, 2001: ISBN 0971274207: 134 pp., many colour illus., h/b.
On the non-microbial sources and sinks of dissolved metabolites in seawater
Authors:   , Germolus Noah P.
Published: July 2024

Dissolved marine metabolites are small (<1000 Da) organic chemicals that remain in seawater when passed through a filter (typically <0.2 μm pore size). Their name implies their biological function: to be produced and consumed by cellular metabolism. These chemicals are the flows of the “microbial loop”—the principle that most of the photosynthesized matter in the ocean is exchanged, respired, and restructured by single-celled organisms. Metabolites have critical biological utility, so they are considered extremely labile; estimates of the time each spends outside cells range from hours to days. Their concentrations are drawn down by their consumers to nanomolar and picomolar levels, making measurement difficult. However, improved techniques to measure metabolites simultaneously and at extremely low concentrations avail the question of what happens to metabolites outside the cell membrane. Conventionally, representations of labile DOM exchange networks avoid that question—metabolites’ short lifetimes imply their flows lead from one organism to the next. This thesis begins to interrogate that assumption, asking if there are other processes that could change the seawater exometabolome on time scales that are relevant to microbial life. In Chapter 1 I discuss the ways ambient metabolite pools could be affected by animals, chemistry, and physics. In Chapter 2 I investigate the photolysis of metabolites and examine metabolomic techniques’ suitability for such experiments. In simulated sunlight, 11 of 57 metabolites decayed to some extent in artificial or natural seawater, and tryptophan and kynurenine may decay rapidly in the mixed layer of an oligotrophic ocean. For Chapter 3, I captured five species of migratory zooplankton and measured metabolites in their dissolved excreta. Four species survived the experiment and produced 43 metabolites, many at a rate that should be measurable in field samples. Chapter 4 harnesses the previous two chapters, plus a model for physical mixing, to probe a field dataset comprising 60 metabolites from Hydrostation S (south of Bermuda). Based on eight profiles over the course of two days, I posit: (1) copepods alone can supply the entire demand of >20 compounds to the mixed layer; (2) mixing is rapid enough to erase input signatures in the mixed layer; and (3) photochemistry is a slow leak of metabolites to forms whose lability is yet unknown. Chapter 5 reflects on how metabolites break the microbial loop—and suture it together with more ecological richness than with elemental fluxes alone.
Selonsertib in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Perkovic Vlado , Tuttle Katherine R. , Pergola Pablo E. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Patel Uptal D. , Ishida Julie H. , Kuo Albert , Chen Fang , Kustra Robert , Petrovic Vladimir , Rossing Peter , Kashihara Naoki , Chertow Glenn M.
Published: July 2024

Key Points

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2b study, we compared the effects of selonsertib with placebo on eGFR decline in people with type 2 diabetes and CKD.

Patients taking selonsertib had slower eGFR decline but were more likely to reach a composite kidney outcome and report AKI.

A larger trial with longer-term follow-up would more precisely assess the relative benefits and risks of selonsertib in this setting.

Background

Selonsertib is an apoptosis signal–regulating kinase 1 inhibitor that reduces inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. The MOSAIC study evaluated whether selonsertib attenuated kidney function decline in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Methods

We conducted a phase 2b study in adults with type 2 diabetes and eGFR 20 to <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 with urine albumin-creatinine ratio 150–5000 mg/g on maximum tolerated dose of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker. To account for an acute selonsertib-related decrease in serum creatinine–based eGFR (eGFRcr), patients entered a 4-week selonsertib run-in period to establish treatment-specific baseline eGFRcr. Patients were randomized 1:1 to selonsertib 18 mg or matching placebo once daily. We followed all participants up until the last randomized participant completed 48 weeks of follow-up. The primary efficacy outcome was the difference in eGFRcr slopes from treatment-specific baselines to week 84, evaluated at a prespecified two-sided P = 0.30. We also evaluated kidney clinical events (eGFRcr ≥40% decline from pre–run-in baseline, kidney failure, or death due to kidney disease) and adverse events.

Results

In total, 310 patients were randomized (selonsertib n=154, placebo n=156; 68% male, mean age 65 years, mean baseline eGFRcr 35 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Mean difference between selonsertib and placebo eGFRcr slopes at week 84 was 1.20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year (95% confidence interval, −0.41 to 2.81; P = 0.14). Kidney clinical events occurred in 17% (26/154) of patients randomized to selonsertib and 12% (19/156) of those randomized to placebo (difference 4.7%; 95% confidence interval, −6.3% to 15.9%). The most common investigator-reported adverse event was AKI (selonsertib 11.0/100 and placebo 5.9/100 patient-years).

Conclusions

Selonsertib attenuated the decline in eGFRcr over up to 84 weeks; however, it resulted in a numerically higher number of patients reaching a kidney clinical event and a numerically higher rate of investigator-reported AKI.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:

Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Selonsertib in Participants With Moderate to Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease (MOSAIC), NCT04026165.
Implementation of Choosing Wisely in gynecology and obstetrics internship
Authors: Mendonça Dilton Rodrigues , Brito Milena Bastos , Aguiar Carolina Villa Nova , Lins-Kusterer Liliane , Scavuzzi Ana Carolina Fonseca , Menezes Marta Silva
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: Throughout undergraduate school, it is important to instill a continuous emphasis on cost-conscious thinking across all specialties, including obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). One potential strategy is the implementation of the Choosing Wisely (CW) Campaign. OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess the implementation strategies of the Choosing Wisely (CW) campaign within a medical internship in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN). METHODS: This intervention study involved medical teachers and undergraduate medical students at a Brazilian medical school. Initially, teachers identified three common unnecessary clinical scenarios, which were then grouped and adapted to fit the CW recommendation format. Based on the five most frequently occurring recommendations, educational activities were developed, including workshops, banners, and discussions on cost-consciousness in healthcare with undergraduate students and medical doctors. RESULTS: The top five recommendations were as follows: 1. Don’t routinely order hormone levels for menopause diagnosis; 2. Don’t recommend ovarian removal during hysterectomy for premenopausal women without ovarian câncer risk; 3. Don’t prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics for uncomplicated acute cystitis treatment; 4. Don’t request preventive examinations for colpitis diagnosis; and 5. Don’t request unnecessary exams during low-risk prenatal care, such as kidney and liver function tests. The theoretical and practical components of these educational activities led to increased awareness and subsequent discussions among internship faculty and undergraduate students. CONCLUSION: Implementation of the CW campaign within the medical internship in OB/GYN resulted in a positive impact, fostering reflection among participants and aiding in the avoidance of unnecessary treatments or prescriptions.
Influence of the principle of conventionality in the sentences of Habeas Corpus on preventive detention of the Tribunal Constitucional in Peru,2016-2019
Authors: Martínez Vargas Rafael Martín
Published: July 2024

The objective of the research work was to demonstrate the importance of the application of the principle of conventionality in the motivation of the resolutions issued by the Constitutional Court in the application of Habeas Corpus on Preventive Detention measures.. In the methodological aspect, the general method of analysis and synthesis was used, as well as the special dogmatic method, as techniques were used for data collection, analysis and processing, obtaining the conclusion that said principle of conventionality helps to properly motivate the resolutions. issued by the Tribunal Constitucional and protect the Habeas Corpus of those whose rights have been violated; Thus, it is also concluded that the national doctrine is uniform regarding the application of said principle in the issuance of the resolutions of the magistrates in order to safeguard the rights that require said constitutional guarantee.
The image and brand positioning in the customers of a restaurant in Trujillo
Authors: Armas-Aguilar Laura , Balladares Cinthia , Flores Rosa , Jiménez Katherine , Marquez Yauri Heyner
Published: July 2024

Brand image and brand positioning are critical aspects for the success of a restaurant. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between brand image and brand positioning in the customers of a restaurant, Trujillo, 2023. A quantitative research approach was used, of an applied type, with a correlational level and a non-experimental design; the survey was used as a research technique, with its instrument the questionnaire applied to a convenience sample made up of 60 customers of the restaurant, defined under a non-probabilistic sampling. The results according to Spearman's Rho test show a very strong positive correlation (0.910) between the variables brand image and brand positioning, with a bilateral significance level of (0.000). It is concluded that the higher the brand image, the higher the brand positioning among the restaurant's customers.
The configuration of emerging cities: A review of spatial syntax
Authors: Torres Vanegas Magdiel
Published: July 2024

This review focuses on the phenomenon of spatial syntax from the perspective of urban performance, through its theoretical evolution applied in the scenario of intermediate cities, allowing to understand the role of accessibility and the urban built environment, for the improvement in the provision of services from the instruments of planning and management of the territory. In the development of this research, various data sources such as Scopus, Scielo, Research Gate and Google Scholar were used, structuring the theoretical basis with various articles from journals indexed in Atlas.ti that, under the inductive method, allowed the triangulation and identification of co-occurrences in the different cases. The review concludes that, the analysis of spatial syntax and its components, define how performance is important for the diagnosis of urban sectors, since, it provides information for decision making from public action such as accessibility and angular choice, which constitute urban integration.
A relação entre Políticas de Zoneamento Urbano e vulnerabilidade racial em áreas suscetíveis a desastres ambientais
Authors: Serotini André , Rodrigues Júlia Fernandes
Published: July 2024

O artigo busca analisar a relação entre as Políticas de Zoneamento Urbano e a vulnerabilidade racial em áreas propensas a desastres ambientais. O objetivo é demonstrar como as decisões de zoneamento podem ampliar as disparidades socioambientais. Utilizando uma abordagem teórica crítica, esta pesquisa analisa as políticas de zoneamento urbano, baseando-se em métodos qualitativos para compreender as implicações dessas políticas na exposição racial a riscos ambientais. Dessa forma, contribui teoricamente ao destacar a importância de considerar fatores raciais nas análises de políticas urbanas e desastres. Metodologicamente, oferece insights para futuras pesquisas sobre o impacto racial em contextos urbanos. Nesse sentido, o trabalho preenche uma lacuna teórica ao explorar a interseção entre políticas urbanas, vulnerabilidade racial e desastres ambientais. Portanto, ao identificar implicações sociais, destaca-se a importância de políticas inclusivas para mitigar disparidades raciais. No aspecto ambiental sugere-se que uma abordagem equitativa no zoneamento pode contribuir para comunidades mais resilientes e sustentáveis.
El tratamiento de las colocaciones en la lexicografía española y alemana: estudio contrastivo
Authors: Ferrando Verónica
Published: July 2024

A commonplace when talking about the treatment of collocations in lexicographical works seems to be the lack of systematic and clear criteria when it comes to collecting this type of phraseological units. However, it should be noted that, in recent years, the landscape has become somewhat more encouraging, at least in the field of school dictionaries, where –following the line of the English teaching lexicography, more advanced in this aspect– the first steps are being taken to treat collocations more explicitly, systematically, and differentiated. In this paper we will look at the procedures that use some of the Spanish and German learner’s dictionaries and propose other forms of inclusion. After analyzing this aspect, we will inspect the main dictionaries specializing in the phenomenon of the lexical combinatory relationships existing for Spanish and German. We’ll cover both the works on paper and online dictionaries. Our ultimate goal is to compare the evolution of combinatorial lexicography in Spanish and German language and point future developments.
Presentación
Authors: Editorial Consejo
Published: July 2024

El número 3 de la Revista Internacional de Lenguas Extranjeras (RILE) presenta estudios centrados en los ámbitos de Español como Lengua Extranjera y de Inglés como Lengua Extranjera, trabajos en los que, como se indica a continuación de manera resumida, se abordan cuestiones de muy diferente índole: fonética y prosodia, conciencia lingüística, diccionarios de aprendizaje electrónicos, competencia gramatical y, por último, creencias implícitas del alumno y corrección de errores.
Las herramientas de consulta en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés: ¿diccionarios monolingües de aprendizaje o diccionarios generales bilingües?
Authors: Ortego Antón M.ª Teresa
Published: July 2024

English has been the language used to communicate specialised knowledge. Its learning is an essential task in order to get on the globalised world. In addition, specialised vocabulary, which used to be exclusively for experts, is now also of interest to middlebrow language users. In this background, general bilingual dictionaries as well as learner’s dictionaries have become one of the most used electronic tools by language learners. However, we consider that these works offer a partial coverage of specialised vocabulary. Hence, a study about a sample of computing and Internet terms gathered in general bilingual dictionaries and learner’s dictionaries could provide us an accurate diagnosis in order to determine whether our students’ needs are satisfied or not and to improve the design and use of these tools.