bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filament coalescence and hub structure in Mon R2
Authors: Kumar M. S. N. , Arzoumanian D. , Men’shchikov A. , Palmeirim P. , Matsumura M. , Inutsuka S.
Published: December 2021

There is growing evidence of the role of hub-filament systems (HFS) in the formation of stars from low to high masses. As of today, however, the detailed structures of these systems are still not well described. Here we study the Mon R2 star-forming region, which has a rich network of filaments joining in a star cluster forming hub, and aim to understand the hub structure and to examine the mass fraction residing in the hub and in the filaments, which is a key factor that influences massive star formation. We conducted a multi-scale, multi-component analysis of theHerschelcolumn density maps (resolution of 18.2′′ or ~0.07 pc at 830 pc) of the region using a newly developed algorithmgetsfto identify the structural components, namely, extended cloud, filaments, and sources. We find that cascades of lower column density filaments coalesce to form higher-density filaments eventually merging inside the hub (0.8 pc radius). As opposed to the previous view of the hub as a massive clump with ~1 pc radius, we find it to be a network of short high-density filaments. We analyse the orientations and mass per unit length (M∕L) of the filaments as a function of distance from the hub centre. The filaments are radially aligned towards the centre of the hub. The total mass reservoir in the Mon R2 HFS (5 pc × 5 pc) is split between filaments (54%), an extended cloud (37%), and sources (9%). TheM∕Lof filaments increases from ~10M⊙pc−1at 1.5 pc from the hub to ~100M⊙pc−1at its centre, while the number of filaments per annulus of 0.2 pc width decreases from 20 to two in the same range. The observed radial column density structure of the HFS (filament component only) displays a power-law dependence of NH2∝ r−2.17up to a radius of ~2.5 pc from the central hub, resembling a global collapse of the HFS. We present a scenario where the HFS can be supported by magnetic fields which interact, merge, and reorganise themselves as the filaments coalesce. We plotted the plane-of-the-sky magnetic field line geometry using archivalPlanckdata to support our scenario. In the new view of the hub as a network of high-density filaments, we suggest that only the stars located in the network can benefit from the longitudinal flows of gas to become massive, which may explain the reason for the formation of many low-mass stars in cluster centres. We show the correlation of massive stars in the region to the intertwined network-like hub, based on which we updated the implications of the filaments to clusters (F2C) model for massive star formation.
Statistical strong lensing
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro
Published: December 2021

Context.Existing samples of strong lenses have been assembled by giving priority to sample size, but this is often at the cost of a complex selection function. However, with the advent of the next generation of wide-field photometric surveys, it might become possible to identify subsets of the lens population with well-defined selection criteria, trading sample size for completeness.

Aims.There are two main advantages of working with a complete sample of lenses. First, such completeness makes possible to recover the properties of the general population of galaxies, of which strong lenses are a biased subset. Second, the relative number of lenses and non-detections can be used to further constrain models of galaxy structure. The present work illustrates how to carry out a statistical strong lensing analysis that takes advantage of these features.

Methods.I introduce a general formalism for the statistical analysis of a sample of strong lenses with known selection function, and then test it on simulated data. The simulation consists of a population of 105galaxies with an axisymmetric power-law density profile, a population of background point sources, and a subset of ∼103strong lenses, which form a complete sample above an observational cut.

Results.The method allows the user to recover the distribution of the galaxy population in Einstein radius and mass density slope in an unbiased way. The number of non-lenses helps to constrain the model when magnification data are not available.

Conclusions.Complete samples of lenses are a powerful asset with which to turn precise strong lensing measurements into accurate statements on the properties of the general galaxy population.
Dynamical masses for two M1 + mid-M dwarf binaries monitored during the SPHERE-SHINE survey
Authors: Biller B. A. , Grandjean A. , Messina S. , Desidera S. , Delorme P. , Lagrange A.-M. , Hambsch F.-J. , Mesa D. , Janson M. , Gratton R. , D’Orazi V. , Langlois M. , Maire A.-L. , Schlieder J. , Henning T. , Zurlo A. , Hagelberg J. , Brown-Sevilla S. , Romero C. , Bonnefoy M. , Chauvin G. , Feldt M. , Meyer M. , Vigan A. , Pavlov A. , Soenke C. , LeMignant D. , Roux A.
Published: December 2021

We present orbital fits and dynamical masses for HIP 113201AB and HIP 36985AB, two M1 + mid-M dwarf binary systems monitored as part of the SPHERE-SHINE survey. To robustly determine the age of both systems via gyrochronology, we undertook a photometric monitoring campaign for HIP 113201 and GJ 282AB, the two wide K star companions to HIP 36985, using the 40 cm Remote Observatory Atacama Desert telescope. Based on this monitoring and gyrochronological relationships, we adopt ages of 1.2 ± 0.1 Gyr for HIP 113201AB and 750 ± 100 Myr for HIP 36985AB. These systems are sufficiently old that we expect that all components of these binaries have reached the main sequence. To derive dynamical masses for all components of the HIP 113201AB and HIP 36985AB systems, we used parallel-tempering Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to fit a combination of radial velocity, direct imaging, and Gaia and HIPPARCOS astrometry. Fitting the direct imaging and radial velocity data for HIP 113201 yields a primary mass of 0.54 ± 0.03 M⊙, fully consistent with its M1 spectral type, and a secondary mass of 0.145 ± M⊙. The secondary masses derived with and without including HIPPARCOS-Gaia data are all considerably more massive than the 0.1 M⊙ mass estimated from the photometry of the companion. Thus, the dynamical impacts of this companion suggest that it is more massive than expected from its photometry. An undetected brown dwarf companion to HIP 113201B could be a natural explanation for this apparent discrepancy. At an age >1 Gyr, a 30 MJup companion to HIP 113201B would make a negligible (<1%) contribution to the system luminosity but could have strong dynamical impacts. Fitting the direct imaging, radial velocity, and HIPPARCOS-Gaia proper motion anomaly for HIP 36985AB, we find a primary mass of 0.54 ± 0.01 M⊙ and a secondary mass of 0.185 ± 0.001 M⊙, which agree well with photometric estimates of component masses, the masses estimated from MK– mass relationships for M dwarf stars, and previous dynamical masses in the literature.
The Role of Microbiome in Personalized Healthcare
Authors: Guseva Daria
Published: December 2021

The link between nutrition and human diseases has always been recognized, but only with modern molecular genetic analysis tools, the role of the gut microbiome including gastrointestinal tract function on neurodegenerative diseases has become obvious. Gut microbiota significantly influences metabolic and immune responses of the host organism, and thus, dietor infection-related imbalances (dysbiosis) of the gut microbiota disrupt the local and systemic homeostasis and often lead to digestive diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), type II diabetes, obesity, as well as neurological diseases. The association of the gastrointestinal tract diseases with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as mental and neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, autism, and schizophrenia has been described. This interaction is called the gut-brain axis and represents one of the most relevant targets for the treatment of IBD and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. One of the most important regulators of this axis is the gut microbiota and its metabolites, which influence brain functions via the immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve, and enteric nervous system. We are studying the importance of gut microbiota and their metabolites in immune and glial/microglial reaction in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, to provide valuable insights into the functional potential of the microbiome on the gut-brain axis via specific metabolites. We combine several modern techniques, including molecular manipulations, advanced cellular imaging techniques, and behavioral approaches, to address additional systems-level questions.
Copy number alterations in cancer: detection and precision medicine
Authors: Gusnanto Arief
Published: December 2021

Copy number alterations (CNAs) are genomic alterations where some regions exhibit more or less copy number than the normal two copies. In this talk, I will describe two ideas: (1) how CNAs are estimated from data generated by next generation sequencing (NGS) and what steps are required to make the data interpretable, (2) how the CNA can be utilised for precision medicine in terms of prediction of tumour subtypes and prediction of cancer patients’ survival. If time permits, I will also discuss how to estimate genomic markers from CNA profile across cancer patients.
Global Threshold Using Otsu and Active Contour for Detection of Malaria Parasites in Thick Blood Smear
Authors: Siddiq Sumi Amin , Adi Nugroho Hanung , Hartanto Rudy
Published: December 2021

Malaria is a disease caused by the plasmodium parasite and has caused many fatalities. In general, identifying malaria parasite infection can be done by visually observing thick and thin blood smears through microscopic devices. Identification of parasites in thick blood preparations has a higher level of difficulty than thin blood preparations. In thick blood preparations, various objects such as artefacts and noise have a structure similar to the structure of parasitic objects. This paper aims to develop a parasite detection method based on image processing in thick blood smears, consisting of two main stages. First is to improve image quality by applying contrast value stretching, converting green channels, and refining each image. Second is to segment the plasmodium parasite using global threshold Otsu and active contour followed by several morphological operations. The proposed method produces a high sensitivity of 98.06% with an average negative false rate of 1.4%. With the sensitivity level obtained, it can be interpreted that most of the parasitic objects have been detected correctly in one blood sample image.
Potential of Nanoparticles Chitosan for Delivery pcDNA3.1-tat
Authors: Unsunnidhal Lalu , Wasito Raden , Nugraha Setyawan Erif Maha , Kusumawati Asmarani
Published: December 2021

The development of Jembrana disease vaccine is importance to prevent the loss of Bali cattle industry in Indonesia. This study aims to prepare a Jembrana DNA vaccine. The data Tat protein sequences gained from NCBI and the consensus process has been finished by the MultAlign program, and then Cloning of the pcDNA3.1-tat has been successfully performed on E. coli DH5α and confirmed by PCR, restriction analysis and sequencing. The propagated plasmids were prepared as DNA-chitosan complex and physiochemical characterized using Particle Size Analyzer. Complex with a 1:2 (wt/wt) ratio of DNA and chitosan have a mean diameter of 268.5 nm and zeta potential +25.1 mV and the value of Cytotoxicity Assay 80-90% as compared to the untreated cells that used as negative control, so it can be concluded that nanoparticles chitosan has good potential as a carrier agent for pcDNA3.1-tat.
The methods and automatic technology aimed at imagery georeferencing, cloud screening, atmospheric and radiometric correction of KMSS-M satellite data
Authors: Kolbudaev Pavel , Plotnikov Dmitry , Loupian Evgeny , Proshin Andrey , Matveev Alexey
Published: December 2021

In this study we present methods and automatic technology developed for routine processing of satellite imagery acquired by cameras MSU-201 and MSU-202 (KMSS-M) onboard Meteor-M №2. The developed methods were aimed at imagery georeferencing issues fixing, clouds and shadows detection as well as atmospheric and radiometric correction. Basing on these methods we built an automatic technology and complete KMSS-M data processing chain which provided analysis ready dataset for Russian grain belt and adjacent areas of neighboring countries for the year 2020. Method for imagery georeferencing was based on Pearson’s correlation localized maximization when compared to the georefenced and cloudfree coarse-resolution reference image produced in IKI RAS through MOD09 product time series processing. Method for clouds and shadows detection was based both on the spatial analysis of outputs from geocorrection step and auxiliary image, characterizing georeferenced KMSS-M image values relative accordance with the IKI reference image. The atmospheric correction was based on localized histogram matching of KMSS-M and IKI reference date-corresponding imagery, and thereby concurrently performed radiometric correction of KMSS-M data, compensating effects of varying viewing and illumination geometry which explicitly manifest across 960-km-wide swath area. The developed methods are noticeably minimalistic, requiring only one target spectral band to perform properly. Due to high flexibility and robustness, they also may be applied to raw satellite imagery acquired from various Earth observation systems, including Russian systems of high and moderate spatial resolution. The technology is currently being deployed in an operative mode for several test sites of Russia since the year 2021 onwards.
Artificial neural network technology for lips reading
Authors: Pyataeva Anna , Dzyuba Anton
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the use of neural networks for the task of automated speech reading by lips articulation. Speech recognition is performed in two stages. First, a face search is performed and the lips area is selected in a separate frame of the video sequence using Haar features. Then the sequence of frames goes to the input of deep learning convolutional and recurrent neural networks for speech viseme recognition. Experimental studies were carried out using independently obtained videos with Russian-speaking speakers.
Development of compression algorithms for hyperspectral aerospace images based on discrete orthogonal transformations
Authors: Sarinova Assiya
Published: December 2021

The paper describes the development of compression algorithms for hyperspectral aerospace images based on discrete orthogonal transformations for the purpose of subsequent compression in Earth remote sensing systems. As compression algorithms necessary to reduce the amount of transmitted information, it is proposed to use the developed compression methods based on Walsh-Hadamard transformations and discrete-cosine transformation.

The paper considers a methodology for developing lossy and high-quality compression algorithms during recovery, taking into account which an adaptive algorithm for compressing hyperspectral AI and the generated quantization table has been developed. The conducted studies have shown that the proposed lossy algorithms have sufficient efficiency for use and can be applied when transmitting hyperspectral remote sensing data in conditions of limited buffer memory capacity and bandwidth of the communication channel.
Spatial-time variations in the distribution of atmospheric methane at high latitudes of the northern hemisphere
Authors: Vasileva Sardana
Published: December 2021

A preliminary study of spatio-temporal variations of methane distribution at high latitudes of the northern hemisphere was conducted based on AIRS and JR-STATION data. The analysis showed a noticeable increase (~4%) in the methane concentration in the lower layers of the atmosphere and upper layers of the troposphere. According to the AIRS data, winter (February) and summer (July- August) peaks of the methane concentration were reported in the seasonal cycle of 2004-2018. Seasonal methane variations in the upper troposphere obtained from AIRS data have similarities to ground observations, but with a smaller amplitude
Analysis and assessment of agroclimatic conditions of cultivation and yield of technical crops on the territory of Armenia
Authors: Margaryan Varduhi , Tsibulskii Gennady , Raevich Ksenia
Published: December 2021

The necessary agroclimatic conditions for the growth and development of technical crops on the territory of the republic, the terms of the phenological phases, the prerequisites for the development of their cultivation space, the level of yield and crop yields have beenanalyzed and evaluated. As a source of information, the actual data of agrometeorological observations of the GEO «Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring» of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia and the National Statistical Service are used. For the period 2012-2020, there is a tendency to reduce the acreage of technical crops. So that the Republic of Armenia is not only a country importing technical crops, but also an exporting country, apply modern high technologies of cultivation, expand irrigated areas, introduce new high-yielding varieties, pay special attention to more efficient use of microclimatic resources.
TPP ash dump monitoring by ERS methods in the climatic conditions of Siberia
Authors: Kruk Natalia , Merko Mikhail , Merko Inna
Published: December 2021

A comprehensive monitoring procedure for TPP ash dumps in the climatic conditions of Siberia is proposed, which involves implementation of two stages. At the global stage, remote sensing technology is used directly from spacecraft in Earth’s orbit, while at the regional stage, an unmanned aerial vehicle and numerical modeling are used. An example of the operations is given, which clearly shows how exactly this procedure will increase efficiency of the TPP ash dump monitoring in the climatic conditions of Siberia and help promptly take measures required to prevent collapse of the ash dump external soil structure, which may result in ash and slag waste outflow and contamination of the adjacent territory.
Anomalous temperature changes in the UTLS region prior to the 2008 Nura Earthquake
Authors: Sverdlik Leonid
Published: December 2021

The paper presents results of retrospective analysis of satellite temperature time series above the epicentral area of the destructive Nura earthquake of M=6.7, occurred in a seismically active Tien-Shan region on October 5, 2008. An algorithm based on the use of a modified STA/LTA criterion has been developed for the purpose of selection and identification of perturbations associated with seismic activity. It has been established that an explicit mesoscale temperature anomaly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) was observed during the period from October 1 to 3, 2008. Temporal and spatial distributions of the temperature perturbations consistently appeared at various UTLS levels suggest probable association with seismic event preparation.
Fused filament fabrication: comparison of methods for determining the interfacial strength of single welded tracks
Authors: Heuer Anselm , Huether Jonas , Liebig Wilfried V. , Elsner Peter
Published: December 2021

The mechanical properties of plastic-based additively manufactured specimens have been widely discussed. However, there is still no standard that can be used to determine properties such as the interfacial strength of adjacent tracks and also to exclude the influence of varying manufacturing conditions. In this paper, a proposal is made to determine the interfacial strength using specimens with only one track within a layer. For this purpose, so-called single-wall specimens of polylactide were characterised under tensile load and the interfacial area between the adjacent layers was determined using three methods. It turned out that the determination of the interfacial area via the fracture surface is the most accurate method for determining the interfacial strength. The measured interfacial strengths were compared with the bulk material strength and it was found that the bulk material strength can be achieved under optimal conditions in the FFF process. It was also observed that with increasing nozzle temperature, the simultaneous printing of specimens influences the interfacial strength. To conclude, this method allows to measure the interfacial strength without superimposing the influence of voids. However, for example, the interfacial strength within a layer cannot be determined.
Failure of ureteral access sheath insertion in primary flexible ureteroscopy for renal stones: is there any relation with inflammation?
Authors: Yavuzsan Abdullah Hizir , Kirecci Sinan Levent , Ilgi Musab , Turk Semih , Bursali Kerem , Yesildal Cumhur , Albayrak Ahmet Tevfik , Demirel Huseyin Cihan , Horasanli Kaya
Published: December 2021

Purpose To investigate the relationship between failure to insert a ureteral access sheath (UAS) with inflammation and other clinical parameters in patients treated with flexible ureteroscopy for renal stones.

Methods This study included patients who underwent flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of renal stones in our centre between 2015 and 2020. Patients who underwent any surgical procedure on the ipsilateral ureter and had a history of spontaneous stone passage were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups based on UAS insertion success (group 1) or failure (group 2). Both groups were compared with a view to clinical characteristics, preoperative neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and platelet counts and ratios of these counts, all being considered inflammatory markers. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent variables affecting UAS insertion success.

Results There were 113 (59.1%) patients in group 1, while group 2 consisted of 78 (40.9%) patients. The rates of male gender, coronary artery disease and preoperative ipsilateral hydronephrosis were significantly higher in group 2, while platelet counts and platelet-lymphocyte ratios were significantly lower. Our analysis revealed four independent predictors for UAS insertion failure: female gender (odds ratio [OR]=2.1) increased the rate of UAS insertion success, while hydronephrosis (OR=1.6), low platelet counts and PLR increased the rate of UAS insertion failure (OR=0.99, OR=0.98, respectively).

Conclusion Our results suggest that male gender and ipsilateral hydronephrosis are associated with increased UAS insertion failure. Although we found a relationship between relatively low platelet levels and UAS insertion failure, we think that further studies are needed to investigate this matter.
Statischer Stiffness-Index von zwei Multikomponenten-Bandagen-Kompressionssystemen: Ergebnisse einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie an gesunden Probanden
Authors: Benigni Jean-Patrick , Balet Florence , Guidet Bérengère , Tacca Olivier
Published: December 2021

Zweck Vergleich der Leistung von zwei Mehrkomponenten-Kompressionssystemen.

Methoden In dieser randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie wurden beide Beine von 25 gesunden Probanden nach dem Zufallsprinzip entweder mit einem Kompressionssystem der neuen Generation (UrgoK1, eine einzige Binde) oder einem etablierten System (UrgoK2, zwei Binden) als Kontrolle bandagiert. Beide Systeme wurden Tag und Nacht getragen. Arbeits- und Ruhegrenzflächendruck wurden unmittelbar nach dem Anlegen und nach 4 h, 24 h, 48 h und 72 h gemessen und der Static Stiffness Index (SSI) berechnet.

Ergebnisse Nach 4 Stunden wurden mit beiden Systemen ähnlich hohe Arbeitsdrücke und mäßige Ruhedrücke registriert. Im Zeitverlauf folgten die Druckänderungen und des SSI den gleichen Kurven. Nach 48 h wurde ein SSI ≥ 10 mmHg bei 88 % der getesteten und 76 % der Kontrollsysteme erreicht, was die Nichtunterlegenheit des Testsystems bestätigt (p = 0,016). Beide Systeme wiesen gute Halteeigenschaften auf und waren gut verträglich, aber das getestete System wurde von der Mehrheit der Probanden als deutlich angenehmer empfunden und schließlich dem Kontrollsystem vorgezogen.

Schlussfolgerung Das neue Kompressionssystem erreichte ähnliche Leistungen wie die Kontrolle, aber seine bessere Akzeptanz könnte ein Vorteil für die Patientencompliance sein. Diese vielversprechenden Ergebnisse müssen in einer klinischen Studie an Patienten mit Unterschenkelulcera und/oder Ödemen bestätigt werden.
Pregnancy After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation in
Treatment of End-Stage Diabetes Mellitus: a Review
Authors: Stanic Zana , Vulic Marko , Hrgovic Zlatko , Fureš Rajko , Plazibat Milvija , Cecuk Esma , Vusic Iva , Lagancic Marko
Published: December 2021

The majority of patients with simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplant (SPKT)
required transplantation owing to a long-standing history of insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The disease causes multiple organ damage, impairs
fertility, and affects quality of life. A successful kidney and pancreas
transplant can improve health, ameliorate the consequences of pre-existent
diabetes, and restore fertility. Good graft function, without any sign of
rejection, and stable doses of immunosuppressant drugs are of utmost importance
prior to the planned pregnancy. SPKT recipients who become pregnant may be at an
increased risk for an adverse outcome and require meticulous multidisciplinary
surveillance. We present experiences with SPKT pregnancies, traditional
approaches, and recent considerations. In light of complex interactions between
new anatomic relations and the impact of developing pregnancy and
immunosuppressive medications, special stress is put on the risk of graft
rejection, development of pregnancy complications, and potential harmful effects
on fetal development. Recent recommendations in management of SPKT recipients
who wish to commence pregnancy are presented as well. Key words:
transplantation, pregnancy, pancreas, kidney, simultaneous pancreas and kidney
transplantation (SPKT)
Concepts in Musculoskeletal Bone and Soft Tissue Biopsy
Authors: Mills Megan K. , Leake Richard L. , Crawford Amanda M. , Soltanolkotabi Maryam , Hansford Barry G.
Published: December 2021

Imaging-guided needle biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions is a high-yield and low-risk procedure that can be used for definitive characterization of indeterminate bone and soft tissue lesions. Familiarity with the preprocedural, technical, and postprocedural steps is vital for the appropriate management of these cases. Biopsy request triage requires an awareness of definitively benign conditions and other tumor mimics. A complete clinical, laboratory, and imaging work-up is essential for procedural planning and determining pathologic concordance. Consultation with an orthopaedic oncologist is a requisite step to ensure maximizing biopsy yield and to avoid interference with any future limb-sparing surgical intervention. Knowledge of the equipment, pertinent medications, and appropriate biopsy technique can minimize the risk of periprocedural complications. Finally, the radiologist may be required to discuss the concordance of histopathology with preprocedure imaging, perform repeat image-guided biopsy, and carefully interpret sarcoma surveillance imaging examinations.
Review of Extraosseous Applications of Thermal Ablation in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Large Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Tran Andrew , Reiter David A. , Prologo J. David , Cristescu Mircea , Gonzalez Felix M.
Published: December 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide, leading to significant pain, restricted range of motion, and disability. A gap exists between short- and long-term symptom-relieving therapies. Although arthroplasty is an effective treatment for symptomatic end-stage disease, most patients ultimately do not receive a joint replacement due to suboptimal surgical qualifications, comorbidities, or an aversion to surgery. The lack of additional treatment options in this setting makes opioid agonists a commonly used pharmacologic agent, contributing to the addiction epidemic that greatly afflicts our communities. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) has arisen as a treatment modality in the setting of moderate to severe OA among patients refractory to conservative management, generally showing greater efficacy compared with other existing strategies. This review focuses on the benefits of CRFA and its technical feasibility as a management option among patients experiencing debilitating large joint OA with limited clinical options.
Spinal Injections
Authors: Gimarc David C. , Stratchko Lindsay M. , Ho Corey K.
Published: December 2021

Spinal pain is a common complaint and cause of disability in the United States, affecting most individuals at some point in their lives. The complex anatomy of the spine leads to multiple potential and coexisting etiologies for pain, and the differentiation of these sources can present a diagnostic challenge. Image-guided spinal injections can provide both diagnostic information identifying pain location as well as prolonged therapeutic relief as an alternative to medical management. Anesthetic and corticosteroid medications can be administered within the epidural space through transforaminal or interlaminar approaches, blocking various sensory nerves, or directly within the facet joints. Proceduralists must be aware of associated patient considerations, techniques, and potential complications to perform the procedures safely. We discuss image-guided spinal injection techniques, based on best practices and our experiences.
Controversies in Mediastinal Staging for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ashok Apurva , Jiwnani Sabita S. , Karimundackal George , Bhaskar Maheema , Shetty Nitin S. , Tiwari Virendra Kumar , Niyogi Devayani M. , Pramesh C. S.
Published: December 2021

Mediastinal lymph nodal involvement in nonsmall cell lung cancer plays a crucial role in deciding treatment strategy. Survival falls markedly with increasing involvement of mediastinal nodal stations. Hence, accurate staging of the mediastinum with lowest morbidity is of utmost importance. A wide array of invasive and noninvasive modalities that complement each other in assessing the nodes are available at our disposal. Guidelines recommend noninvasive imaging as the initial step in the staging algorithm for all tumors, followed by invasive staging. No single modality has proven to be the ideal method to stage the mediastinum when used alone. In the present decade, minimally invasive endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) has challenged the position of surgical mediastinoscopy, which has been the gold standard, historically. However, a negative EBUS needs to be confirmed by surgical mediastinoscopy. Video-assisted mediastinoscopic lymphadenectomy has also come to the forefront in last two decades and has shown exceptional results, when performed in experienced centers. This review details the various modalities of mediastinal staging and the controversies surrounding the optimal method of staging, restaging after neoadjuvant therapy, and the most cost-effective strategy.
Miositis osificante traumática en recién nacido: reporte de caso
Authors: López H. Daniel , Labbé C. Carmen , Suazo R. Marcelino , Toledo A. Nicolás
Published: December 2021

La miositis osificante traumática (MOT) es una enfermedad en la que ocurre osificación heterotópica en dos a cuatro semanas tras uno o múltiples traumatismos. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las características clínicas y radiológicas de un caso de MOT en un recién nacido (RN) después de la canulación intravenosa de vía periférica, poco frecuente en la práctica clínica en neonatología. Presentamos a un RN pretérmino de 33 semanas en que, a los 20 días de vida, se evidenció lesión tumoral en el tercio distal del antebrazo izquierdo de 3 cm por 2 cm, que no impresionaba dolor, ni limitación a la movilización, y en la que no había signos infecciosos. El resto del examen físico osteomuscular era normal. En la zona de lesión, tres semanas antes, se había instalado un catéter intravenoso periférico (CIVP). Una radiografía del antebrazo izquierdo demostró lesión calcificada al nivel de las partes blandas, sin disrupción de las estructuras óseas adyacentes; la ecografía del antebrazo reveló una imagen focal ovalada, de contornos parcialmente definidos, con sombra acústica posterior; el resto de los estudios de huesos largos era normal. Los niveles séricos de fosfatasa alcalina, calcio, fósforo también eran normales. En vista de la lesión tumoral al examen físico y la imagen calcificada en partes blandas a través de radiografía simple, con antecedente de microtraumas de VVP, se concluyó MOT. Se hizo seguimiento, con disminución del tamaño hasta que la lesión desapareció a los cuatro meses. No requirió control radiológico. La MOT es infrecuente en el RN, y, en general, la resolución es autolimitada y tiene buen pronóstico.

Nivel de evidencia IV
Abrasión intraósea por sutura según el ángulo del túnel transóseo en huella del manguito rotador
Authors: Contreras Julio José , Liendo Rodrigo , Meza Andrés , Soza Francisco
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Comparar el desgaste óseo generado por la abrasión de una carga cíclica entre túneles clásicos oblicuos y perpendiculares. Nuestra hipótesis es la de que el túnel oblicuo presenta un menor desgaste óseo por abrasión cíclica comparado con el túnel perpendicular.

Métodos Ocho hombros congelados de cordero fueron usados para el estudio biomecánico. En cada húmero proximal, dos túneles (oblicuo y perpendicular) fueron generados en la tuberosidad mayor. Se utilizó un sistema de tracción cíclica para traccionar hacia atrás y adelante una sutura trenzada en tensión a través del túnel, midiendo la distancia entre la entrada y la salida de la sutura en el túnel antes y después del proceso de ciclado como medida de perdida de tensión de la sutura. El resultado principal es el cambio de la distancia entre la entrada y la salida de la sutura en el túnel después del ciclado para estimar el desgaste óseo dentro del túnel. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se consideraron significativos valores de p < 0,05.

Resultados Los túneles perpendiculares tuvieron un 23,24 ±  7,44% de pérdida de longitud, y los túneles oblicuos, 7,76 ±  4,32%. La diferencia de pérdida de longitud fue significativa (p = 0,0003).

Conclusión La abrasión ósea generada por el movimiento cíclico de la sutura en el túnel transóseo está influenciada por la geometría del túnel. El desgaste óseo es menor en un túnel oblicuo comparado con un túnel perpendicular.

Nivel de Evidencia Estudio de ciencia básica.
Leiomiosarcoma primario de hueso en fémur distal metastásico a clavícula. Reporte de un caso
Authors: Linares R Francisco , Martín V Helbert , Correal A Natalia
Published: December 2021

El leiomiosarcoma (LMS) es un tipo de tumor de células fusiformes de muy baja incidencia, que tiene un comportamiento agresivo, con alta tasa de mortalidad, por lo que el manejo debe ser quirúrgico, con una resección amplia de la lesión. No está claro el papel de la radio ni de la quimioterapia en su manejo. Presentamos a una paciente de 28 años que consultó por dolor de 2 meses en la rodilla derecha. Radiográficamente, se caracterizó como una lesión osteolítica pura en el fémur distal. La resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) contrastada mostró áreas hipervasculares dentro del tumor. La gammagrafía mostró un marcado aumento en la captación de radiotrazadores. Se tomó una biopsia, con un informe de patología de LMS óseo bien diferenciado. Se trató con 3 ciclos de quimioterapia neoadyuvante preoperatoria con ifosfamida 1.000 mg/m2 en los días 1 a 3, además de doxorrubicina 70 mg/m2, y resección quirúrgica de la lesión y salvamento de la extremidad con endoprótesis de rodilla. Una vez que se resecó la lesión, la paciente recibió quimioterapia adyuvante con 4 ciclos de gencitabina 1.000 mg/m2 entre los días 1 y 8, y doxetacel 70 mg/m2 el día 1. Durante los dos meses de seguimiento, la paciente presenóa una fractura en el tercio medio de la clavícula, compatible con una lesión patológica en radiografías y tomografía por emisión de positrones (TEP). La biopsia reveló una lesión metastásica de LMS óseo que fue tratada mediante resección quirúrgica de la clavícula. Este es un caso único, dado que, durante el seguimiento, recibió tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y se evaluó con una TEP, con una evolución clínica satisfactoria y sin evidencia de nuevas lesiones.

Nivel de evidencia IV.
Fabrication of low-loss quasi-single-mode PPLN waveguide and its application to a modularized broadband high-level squeezer
Authors: Kashiwazaki Takahiro , Yamashima Taichi , Takanashi Naoto , Inoue Asuka , Umeki Takeshi , Furusawa Akira
Published: December 2021

A continuous-wave (CW) broadband high-level optical quadrature squeezer is essential for high-speed large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing on a time-domain-multiplexed continuous-variable optical cluster state. CW THz-bandwidth squeezed light can be obtained with a waveguide optical parametric amplifier (OPA); however, the squeezing level has been insufficient for applications of fault-tolerant quantum computation because of degradation of the squeezing level due to their optical losses caused by the structural perturbation and pump-induced phenomena. Here, by using mechanical polishing processes, we fabricated a low-loss quasi-single-mode periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide, which shows 7% optical propagation loss with a waveguide length of 45 mm. Using the waveguide, we assembled a low-loss fiber-pigtailed OPA module with a total insertion loss of 21%. Thanks to its directly bonded core on a LiTaO3 substrate, the waveguide does not show pump-induced optical loss even under a condition of hundreds of milliwatts pumping. Furthermore, the quasi-single-mode structure prohibits excitation of higher-order spatial modes and enables us to obtain larger squeezing level. Even with including optical coupling loss of the modularization, we observe 6.3-dB squeezed light from the DC component up to a 6.0-THz sideband in a fully fiber-closed optical system. By excluding the losses due to imperfections of the modularization and detection, the squeezing level at the output of the PPLN waveguide is estimated to be over 10 dB. Our waveguide squeezer is a promising quantum light source for high-speed large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Design, experiment, and performance analysis of magnetorheological clutch with uniform magnetic field distribution along the radial direction for tension control
Authors: Wang Shuyou , Chen Fei , Tian Zuzhi , Li Aimin , Wu Xiangfan
Published: December 2021

High-precision tension control is very important for industrial production. Benefit from the unique property of magnetorheological (MR) fluid, a MR clutch is a potential device in a tension control system due to its fast response and large output dynamics. In this paper, based on the detailed analysis of axial magnetic induction intensity generated by the coil along the radial distribution, a shear-mode MR clutch with uniform magnetic field distribution along the radial direction is proposed for the tension control system. A theoretical model of torque transmission and a magnetic circuit were derived, and a magnetostatic simulation was carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit design. Experimental evaluation was conducted to investigate the static and dynamic transmission torque property. Finally, a proportional–integral–differential controller was designed to regulate the output torque. Experimental testing demonstrated the effectiveness and practical feasibility of the MR clutch in tension control.
Mean-field kinetic theory analysis of vapor flow between evaporating and condensing interfaces in the presence of non-condensable gas molecules
Authors: Ohashi Kotaro , Kobayashi Kazumichi , Fujii Hiroyuki , Watanabe Masao
Published: December 2021

To investigate the vapor kinetic boundary condition (which is the boundary condition for the Boltzmann equation) in the presence of a non-condensable (NC) gas at a non-equilibrium liquid interface, we performed numerical simulations of non-equilibrium vapor (condensable gas) and NC gas mixture flows. The Enskog–Vlasov direct simulation Monte Carlo method (EVDSMC method) was utilized for this two-surface problem to obtain the evaporation and condensation coefficients, which represent the vapor–molecule evaporation and condensation rates, respectively. These coefficients are incorporated in the kinetic boundary condition. The simulation results showed that the evaporation and condensation coefficients decrease with increasing numbers of NC-gas molecules at the liquid interface with the same tendency. To investigate the validity of these coefficients, we also utilized the obtained evaporation and condensation coefficients for Boltzmann equation analysis. Hence, we concluded that these coefficients simply depend on the NC-gas number density at the liquid interface if the liquid temperature is constant. Thus, they are independent of the non-equilibrium or equilibrium state, and therefore, the coefficient values obtained for the equilibrium state can be used in the analysis of a non-equilibrium state. This finding will aid future predictions of non-equilibrium vapor flows with NC gas.
Accurate thermodynamics of simple fluids and chain fluids based on first-order perturbation theory and second virial coefficients: uv-theory
Authors: van Westen Thijs , Gross Joachim
Published: December 2021

We develop a simplification of our recently proposed uf-theory for describing the thermodynamics of simple fluids and fluids comprising short chain molecules. In its original form, the uf-theory interpolates the Helmholtz energy between a first-order f-expansion and first-order u-expansion as (effective) lower and upper bounds. We here replace the f-bound by a new, tighter (effective) lower bound. The resulting equation of state interpolates between a first-order u-expansion at high densities and another first-order u-expansion that is modified to recover the exact second virial coefficient at low densities. The theory merely requires the Helmholtz energy of the reference fluid, the first-order u-perturbation term, and the total perturbation contribution to the second virial coefficient as input. The revised theory—referred to as uv-theory—is thus simpler than the uf-theory but leads to similar accuracy, as we show for fluids with intermolecular pair interactions governed by a Mie potential. The uv-theory is thereby easier to extend to fluid mixtures and provides more flexibility in extending the model to non-spherical or chain-like molecules. The usefulness of the uv-theory for developing equation-of-state models of non-spherical molecules is here exemplified by developing an equation of state for Lennard-Jones dimers.
A reciprocal-space formulation of surface hopping
Authors: Krotz Alex , Tempelaar Roel
Published: December 2021

Surface hopping has seen great success in describing molecular phenomena where electronic excitations tend to be localized, but its application to materials with band-like electronic properties has remained limited. Here, we derive a formulation of fewest-switches surface hopping where both the quantum and classical equations of motion are solved entirely in terms of reciprocal-space coordinates. The resulting method is directly compatible with band structure calculations and allows for the efficient description of band-like phenomena by means of a truncation of the Brillouin zone. Using the Holstein and Peierls models as examples, we demonstrate the formal equivalence between real-space and reciprocal-space surface hopping and assess their accuracy against mean-field mixed quantum–classical dynamics and numerically exact results. Having very similar equations of motion, reciprocal-space surface hopping can be straightforwardly incorporated in existing (real-space) surface hopping implementations.
Controlling morphology in hybrid isotropic/patchy particle assemblies
Authors: Mushnoori Srinivas , Logan Jack A. , Tkachenko Alexei V. , Dutt Meenakshi
Published: December 2021

Brownian dynamics is used to study self-assembly in a hybrid system of isotropic particles (IPs), combined with anisotropic building blocks that represent special “designer particles.” Those are modeled as spherical patchy particles (PPs) with binding only allowed between their patches and IPs. In this study, two types of PPs are considered: Octahedral PPs (Oh-PPs) and Square PPs (Sq-PPs), with octahedral and square arrangements of patches, respectively. The self-assembly is additionally facilitated by the simulated annealing procedure. The resultant structures are characterized by a combination of local correlations in cubatic ordering and a symmetry-specific variation of bond orientation order parameters (SymBOPs). By varying the PP/IP size ratio, we detected a sharp crossover between two distinct morphologies in both types of systems. High symmetry phases, NaCl crystal for Oh-PP and square lattice for Sq-PP, are observed for larger size ratios. For the smaller ones, the dominant morphologies are significantly different, e.g., Oh-PPs form a compact amorphous structure with predominantly face-to-face orientation of neighboring PPs. Unusually, for a morphology without a long-range order, it is still possible to identify well organized coherent clusters of this structure, thanks to the adoption of our SymBOP-based characterization.
Breakthrough instruments and products: DriveAFM for high-performance atomic force microscopy
Authors: Adams Jonathan D. , Frederix Patrick L. T. M. , Bippes Christian A.
Published: December 2021

Atomic force microscopy is a powerful technique for measurement and mapping of nanoscale topography and electrical and mechanical sample properties. The Nanosurf DriveAFM is a new generation instrument that combines ease of use and high performance through full motorization, CleanDrive photothermal excitation, and a mechanical and electrical design that allows for both high-resolution and large-range imaging.