bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerically quantifying energy loss caused by squirt flow
Authors: Quintal Beatriz , Caspari Eva , Holliger Klaus , Steeb Holger
Published: June 2019

In interconnected microcracks, or in microcracks connected to spherical pores, the deformation associated with the passage of mechanical waves can induce fluid flow parallel to the crack walls, which is known as squirt flow. This phenomenon can also occur at larger scales in hydraulically interconnected mesoscopic cracks or fractures. The associated viscous friction causes the waves to experience attenuation and velocity dispersion. We present a simple hydromechanical numerical scheme, based on the interface‐coupled Lamé–Navier and Navier–Stokes equations, to simulate squirt flow in the frequency domain. The linearized, quasi‐static Navier–Stokes equations describe the laminar flow of a compressible viscous fluid in conduits embedded in a linear elastic solid background described by the quasi‐static Lamé–Navier equations. Assuming that the heterogeneous model behaves effectively like a homogeneous viscoelastic medium at a larger spatial scale, the resulting attenuation and stiffness modulus dispersion are computed from spatial averages of the complex‐valued, frequency‐dependent stress and strain fields. An energy‐based approach is implemented to calculate the local contributions to attenuation that, when integrated over the entire model, yield results that are identical to those based on the viscoelastic assumption. In addition to thus validating this assumption, the energy‐based approach allows for analyses of the spatial dissipation patterns in squirt flow models. We perform simulations for a series of numerical models to illustrate the viability and versatility of the proposed method. For a 3D model consisting of a spherical crack embedded in a solid background, the characteristic frequency of the resulting P‐wave attenuation agrees with that of a corresponding analytical solution, indicating that the dissipative viscous flow problem is appropriately handled in our numerical solution of the linearized, quasi‐static Navier–Stokes equations. For 2D models containing either interconnected cracks or cracks connected to a circular pore, the results are compared with those based on Biot's poroelastic equations of consolidation, which are solved through an equivalent approach. Overall, our numerical simulations and the associated analyses demonstrate the suitability of the coupled Lamé–Navier and Navier–Stokes equations and of Biot's equations for quantifying attenuation and dispersion for a range of squirt flow scenarios. These analyses also allow for delineating numerical and physical limitations associated with each set of equations.
Nested intrashelf platform clinoforms—Evidence of shelf platform growth exemplified by Lower Cretaceous strata in the Barents Sea
Authors: Midtkandal Ivar , Faleide Thea Sveva , Faleide Jan Inge , Planke Sverre , Anell Ingrid , Nystuen Johan Petter
Published: June 2019

Two nested clinoform set types of different scales and steepness are mapped and analysed from high‐resolution seismic data. Restoration of post‐depositional faulting reveals a persistent pattern of small‐scale, high‐angle clinoforms contained within platform‐scale, low‐angle clinothems, showing a combined overall progradational depositional system. The large clinoforms lack a well‐defined platform edge, and show a gradual increase in dip from topset to foreset. A consistent recurring stratal pattern is evident from the architecture, and is considered a result of interplay between relative sea‐level change and autocyclic switching of sediment delivery focal points that brought sediment to the platform edge. This un‐interrupted succession records how intra‐shelf platforms prograde. Quantitative clinoform analysis may assist in determining the most influential depositional factors. Post‐depositional uplift and erosion requires restoration with re‐burial to maximum burial depth. Backstripping, decompaction and isostatic correction was performed assuming a range of lithologic compositions, as no wells test the lithology. Nearby wells penetrate strata basinward of the clinoforms, proving mudstone content above 50%, which in turn guide restoration values. Typical restored platform heights are 250–300 m, with correspondingly sized platform‐scale clinoform heights. Typical large‐scale clinoform foreset dip values are 1.3°–2.4°. Small‐scale clinothems are typically 100 m thick, with restored foreset dip angles at 4.4° ‐ > 10°. The results suggest that intrashelf platform growth occurs in pulses interrupted by draping of strata over its clinoform profile. The resultant architecture comprises small‐scale clinoforms nested within platform‐scale clinothems.
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and skin cancer risk in nonrenal solid organ transplant recipients: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Phan Kevin , Moloney Fergal J. , Hogarty Daniel T. , Lenane Patsy , McColl Douglas , Yazdabadi Anousha
Published: June 2019

Background

Solid organ transplant recipients have an increased risk of malignancy compared with the general population. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been used as immunosuppressants in transplant recipients. There remains a lack of evidence of this treatment in nonrenal solid organ transplantation. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the effects of mTOR inhibitors on secondary nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) malignancies in nonrenal transplant recipients.

Methods

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies for the present systematic review and meta‐analysis included those in which patient cohorts underwent heart, liver, lung, and pancreas (i.e. nonrenal solid organ) transplantation, with treatment group being those treated with an mTOR inhibitor such as sirolimus or everolimus, and control group being placebo, or alternative non‐mTOR inhibitor treatment such as calcineurin inhibitors or as per standard treatment protocol.

Results

From the six included studies, we found no significant difference in the odds of either primary or secondary NMSC (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.41–1.29, P = 0.28). Pooled analysis of patients with secondary NMSC demonstrated a trend toward significant benefit with mTOR inhibitor treatment (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37–1.02, P = 0.06) but no protective effect for primary NMSC (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.03–9.96, P = 0.67).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that in nonrenal transplant recipients, mTOR inhibitors may have a protective effect against secondary NMSC but not primary NMSC posttransplantation. Extrapolating the findings of reduced NMSC in renal transplant populations to nonrenal transplant cases should be cautioned.
Interoception, conditioning, and fear: The panic threesome
Authors: Van Diest Ilse
Published: June 2019

The present article aims to illustrate and review evidence on how associative learning involving interoceptive stimuli (interoceptive conditioning) can lead to changes in physiological, emotional, and perceptual outcomes. We first outline a functional perspective on Pavlovian conditioning and provide a general introduction and historical background on interoceptive conditioning as a special instance of Pavlovian conditioning. Next, biological and learning accounts of panic disorder are discussed, followed by an analysis of which stimuli and responses may be most promising to model learning that is relevant to panic disorder. Finally, studies on interoceptive fear conditioning with respiratory stimuli are reviewed and discussed, and future directions are outlined.
Effects of resveratrol on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Wang Xuefang , Zhu Xiangxing , Liang Xingwei , Xu Huiyan , Liao Yuying , Lu Kehuan , Lu Shengsheng
Published: June 2019

As a natural plant‐derived antitoxin, resveratrol possesses several pharmacological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol addition on nuclear maturation, oocyte quality during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Our experiments showed that the treatment of porcine oocytes with 5 µM resveratrol during IVM resulted in the highest rate of the first polar body extrusion. Treatment of oocytes with resveratrol had no influence on cytoskeletal dynamics, whereas it significantly increased glucose uptake ability compared to the control oocytes. Oocytes matured with 5 μM resveratrol displayed significantly lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and higher relative mRNA expression levels of the genes encoding such antioxidant enzymes as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). In addition, resveratrol also prevented onset and progression of programmed cell death in porcine oocytes, which was confirmed by significant upregulation of the anti‐apoptotic B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) gene and significant downregulation of the pro‐apoptotic BCL2‐associated X (BAX) gene. Furthermore, the blastocyst rates and the blastocyst cell numbers in cloned embryos derived from the oocytes that had matured in the presence of 5 μM resveratrol were significantly increased. In conclusion, supplementation of IVM medium with 5 μM resveratrol improves the quality of porcine oocytes by protecting them from oxidative damage and apoptosis, which leads to the production of meiotically matured oocytes exhibiting enhanced developmental potential following SCNT.
Validation of a 2‐mm videoendoscope for the evaluation of the paranasal sinuses with a minimally invasive technique
Authors: Pouyet Morgane , G. Bonilla Alvaro
Published: June 2019

Objective

To describe the technique, experience, and limitations of using a 2‐mm flexible endoscope to perform standing minimally invasive sinoscopy.

Study design

In phases 1 and 2, we used cadaveric heads (ex vivo). In phase 3, we used unaffected horses (in vivo).

Animals

Five cadaveric equine skulls in phase 1 and 10 cadaveric equine skulls in phase 2. Six horses older than 5 years in phase 3.

Methods

In phase 1, the specimens were used to determine the suitability of the endoscope for sinoscopy and the ideal landmarks to approach the paranasal sinuses through minisinusotomies performed with a 14 gauge needle. In phase 2, a nonblinded evaluation of the visualization of the different sinus compartments was performed, and a score was attributed to each structure. Procedures were video recorded and compared with direct visualization of the sinuses after performing frontal and maxillary flaps. In phase 3, the technique was validated in healthy horses under sedation.

Results

The landmarks determined in phase 1 allowed a thorough exploration of the sinuses in phases 2 and 3. Sinoscopy findings were confirmed after direct visualization of the sinuses via frontal and maxillary bone flaps in phase 2. The procedure was well tolerated by all horses.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive sinoscopy was readily performed without relevant complications in standing horses. A thorough evaluation of most sinus structures was obtained only using the frontal and the rostral maxillary portals.

Clinical significance

Minimally invasive sinoscopy offers an alternative diagnostic tool to veterinarians. A specialized endoscope and appropriate training are required to perform this minimally invasive procedure.
Discharge against medical advice in culturally and linguistically diverse Australian children
Authors: Guo Xin Yue , Woolfenden Susan , McDonald Gordon , Saavedra Aldo , Lingam Raghu
Published: June 2019

Objectives

This study quantifies the prevalence and rates of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children and assesses the independent association between CALD status and DAMA accounting for key demographic confounders in a large tertiary Australian hospital network.

Methods

Prospectively collected data between 2010 and 2018 were extracted from the hospital network electronic medical records system for admitted patients (n=192 037), outpatients (n=268 904) and between 2015 and 2018 for emergency department (ED) patients (n=158 903). CALD status was defined as ‘preferred language being not English’ and DAMA was measured as ‘discharge at own risk’ in admissions, ‘no show’ in outpatients, ‘left without being seen’ and ‘did not wait’ in ED. Data were analysed using χ² test, bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of DAMA was 1.34% in admitted patients, 19.31% in outpatients and 12.64% in ED patients. Rates of DAMA were higher among CALD children compared to non-CALD children (1.75% vs 1.29% in admitted patients, 26.53% vs 17.92% in outpatients and 18.74% vs 11.61% in ED patients). CALD status was independently associated with DAMA in admitted children (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.44), outpatients (OR=1.55; 95% CI 1.51 to 1.58) and ED patients (OR=1.60; 95% CI 1.53 to 1.66).

Conclusion

Being from a CALD background places children at increased risks to DAMA. Implementing appropriate health service responses may ensure equitable access and quality care for children from CALD backgrounds to reduce the rates of DAMA and its associated ramifications.
Perceived diabetes risk and related determinants in individuals with high actual diabetes risk: results from a nationwide population-based survey
Authors: Heidemann Christin , Paprott Rebecca , Stühmann Lena M , Baumert Jens , Mühlenbruch Kristin , Hansen Sylvia , Schiborn Catarina , Zahn Daniela , Gellert Paul , Scheidt-Nave Christa
Published: June 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study was first, to examine perceived diabetes risk compared with actual diabetes risk in the general population and second, to investigate which factors determine whether persons at increased actual risk also perceive themselves at elevated risk.

Research design and methods

The study comprised adults (aged 18–97 years) without known diabetes from a nationwide survey on diabetes-related knowledge and information needs in Germany in 2017. Actual diabetes risk was calculated by an established risk score estimating the 5-year probability of developing type 2 diabetes and was compared with perceived risk of getting diabetes over the next 5 years (response options: 'almost no risk', 'slight risk', 'moderate risk', 'high risk'; n = 2327). Among adults with an increased actual diabetes risk (n=639), determinants of perceived risk were investigated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

Across groups with a 'low' (<2%), 'still low' (2% to<5%), 'elevated' (5% to <10%), and 'high' (≥10%) actual diabetes risk, a proportion of 89.0%, 84.5%, 79.3%, and 78.9%, respectively, perceived their diabetes risk as almost absent or slight. Among those with an increased (elevated/high) actual risk, independent determinants of an increased (moderate/high) perceived risk included younger age (OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) per year), family history of diabetes (2.10 (1.06–4.16)), and being informed about an increased diabetes risk by a physician (3.27 (1.51–7.07)), but none of further diabetes risk factors, healthcare behaviors or beliefs about diabetes.

Conclusions

Across categories of actual diabetes risk, perceived diabetes risk was low, even if actual diabetes risk was high. For effective strategies of primary diabetes prevention, attention should be directed to risk communication at the population level as well as in primary care practice.
Effect of in utero exposure to HIV and antiretroviral drugs on growth in HIV-exposed uninfected children: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Ekali Gabriel L , Jesson Julie , Enok Pascal B , Leroy Valériane
Published: June 2019

Introduction

HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children have higher morbidity and mortality compared with HIV unexposed uninfected children. Despite the fact that malnutrition contributes to about half of all infant deaths below 5 years of age in low-income and middle-income countries and that growth impairment has been reported in the HEU population, the spectrum of growth disorders associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure during the in utero and perinatal periods is yet to comprehensively summarised among the global HEU population. This protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis aims to critically synthesise data concerning the prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting at different ages in the global HEU population.

Methods and analysis

Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, TOXLINE, WHO Global Index Medicus and the Web of Science will be searched for relevant articles published between 1 January 1989 and 1 December 2017 without language restriction. In addition, conference abstracts and reference lists of eligible papers and relevant review articles will be screened. Authors will screen and select studies, extract data, assess the risk of bias as well as studies individually for heterogeneity. Study-specific estimates will be pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis model for studies that are clinically homogeneous while funnel plots and Egger’s test will be used to detect publication bias. Results will be presented by ART availability period, country income levels and mode of breastfeeding.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval will not be required for this study because it will be based on published data. The final report of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at scientific conferences. This review will summarise the evidence and quantify the problem of growth impairment in HEU infants and so shed more light on our understanding of the higher morbidity and mortality in this growing population.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42018091762.
Impact of smoking on health system costs among cancer patients in a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , de Oliveira Claire , Mittmann Nicole , Evans William K (Bill) , Peter Alice , Truscott Rebecca , Chan Kelvin KW
Published: June 2019

Objective

Smoking is the main modifiable cancer risk factor. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of smoking on health system costs among newly diagnosed adult patients with cancer. Specifically, costs of patients with cancer who were current smokers were compared with those of non-smokers from a publicly funded health system perspective.

Methods

This population-based cohort study of patients with cancer used administrative databases to identify smokers and non-smokers (1 April 2014–31 March 2016) and their healthcare costs in the 12–24 months following a cancer diagnosis. The health services included were hospitalisations, emergency room visits, drugs, home care services and physician services (from the time of diagnosis onwards). The difference in cost (ie, incremental cost) between patients with cancer who were smokers and those who were non-smokers was estimated using a generalised linear model (with log link and gamma distribution), and adjusted for age, sex, neighbourhood income, rurality, cancer site, cancer stage, geographical region and comorbidities.

Results

This study identified 3606 smokers and 14 911 non-smokers. Smokers were significantly younger (61 vs 65 years), more likely to be male (53%), lived in poorer neighbourhoods, had more advanced cancer stage,and were more likely to die within 1 year of diagnosis, compared with non-smokers. The regression model revealed that, on average, smokers had significantly higher monthly healthcare costs ($5091) than non-smokers ($4847), p<0.05.

Conclusions

Smoking status has a significant impact on healthcare costs among patients with cancer. On average, smokers incurred higher healthcare costs than non-smokers. These findings provide a further rationale for efforts to introduce evidence-based smoking cessation programmes as a standard of care for patients with cancer as they have the potential not only to improve patients’ outcomes but also to reduce the economic burden of smoking on the healthcare system.
Weight change and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jones Nicholas R , Taylor Kathryn S , Taylor Clare, J , Aveyard Paul
Published: June 2019

Background

The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally and this could partly explain the worldwide increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), as both overweight and obesity are established risk factors. However, the relationship between weight change and risk of incident AF, independent of starting weight, remains uncertain.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Trials Register—clinicaltrials.gov, CINAHL and the WHO ICTRP were searched from inception to July 2018.

We included randomised controlled trials and cohort studies across all healthcare settings but excluded studies of bariatric surgery. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled hazard ratios. The primary outcome was the risk of incident AF in relation to weight change.

Results

Ten studies, including 108 996 people, met our inclusion criteria. For a 5% gain in weight, the incidence of AF increased by 13% (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.23, I2=70%, n>20 411 in five studies; study size was unknown for one study). A 5% loss in body weight was not associated with a significant change in the incidence of AF (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.16, I2=73%, n=40 704 in five studies).

Conclusions

Weight gain may increase the risk of AF, but there was no clear evidence that non-surgical weight loss altered AF incidence. Strategies to prevent weight gain in the population may reduce the global burden of AF. Given the lack of studies and methodological limitations, further research is needed.
IL-6-PAD4 axis in the earliest phase of arthritis in knock-in gp130F759 mice, a model for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yahagi Ayano , Saika Taro , Hirano Hiroyasu , Takai-Imamura Miwa , Tsuji Fumio , Aono Hiroyuki , Iseki Masanori , Morita Yoshitaka , Igarashi Hideya , Saeki Yukihiko , Ishihara Katsuhiko
Published: June 2019

Objective

Animal models for human diseases are especially valuable for clarifying molecular mechanisms before or around the onset. As a model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we utilise knock-in mice gp130F759. They have a Y759F mutation in gp130, a common receptor subunit for interleukin 6 (IL-6) family cytokines. Definitive arthritis develops around 8 months old and the incidence reaches 100% around 1 year old. Careful examination in the clinical course revealed very subtle resistance in flexibility of joints at 5 months old. Therefore, pathophysiological changes in gp130F759 were examined to dissect molecular mechanisms for preclinical phase of RA.

Methods

Severity of arthritis in gp130F759 was evaluated with a clinical score system and histological quantification. Serum cytokines, autoantibodies and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured. Changes in the synovium were analysed by real-time PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.

Results

Around 5 months old, various types of cytokines, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-circular citrullinated peptide IgM and CRP increased in the sera of gp130F759. Enhancement of neovascularisation, synovial hyperplasia and fibrosis was observed. Also, increases in haematopoietic cells dominated by innate immune cells and gene expression ofIl6andPadi4were detected in the joints.Il6was expressed by non-haematopoietic synovial cells, whereas PAD4 protein was detected in the synovial neutrophils.Padi4is induced in neutrophils in vitro by IL-6. Increases of phospho-STAT3 and PAD4 protein were detected in the synovium. Deletion of IL-6 in gp130F759 normalised the amount of PAD4 protein in the joints.

Conclusion

The IL-6-PAD4 axis operates in the earliest phase of arthritis in gp130F759, implicating it in early RA.
Perfusion and plaque evaluation to predict recurrent stroke in symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Lyu Jinhao , Ma Ning , Tian Chenglin , Xu Feng , Shao Hang , Zhou Xin , Ma Lin , Lou Xin
Published: June 2019

Background and purpose

We investigated the baseline demographics of patients with severe unilateral atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using multimodal MRI and evaluated the haemodynamic impairments and plaque characteristics of patients who had a recurrent stroke.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively recruited consecutive patients with severe unilateral atherosclerotic MCA stenosis who underwent arterial spin labelling (ASL) with postlabelling delay (PLD) of 1.5 and 2.5 s, and vessel wall MRI. For each PLD, cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were generated. Hypoperfusion volume ratio (HVR) from 2 PLD CBF was calculated. An HVR value ≥50% was considered as severe HVR. Plaque areas, plaque burden, plaque length and remodelling index were measured. Plaque enhancement at maximal lumen narrowing site were graded. Baseline clinical and imaging characteristics were compared between patients with (event+) and without (event−) 1 year ischaemic events.

Results

Forty-three patients (47.23±12.15 years; 28 men) were enrolled in this study. Seven patients had an HVR ≥50%. During the 1-year follow-up, 7 patients had experienced a recurrent stroke. HVR were significantly higher in the event+ than event− (53.17%±29.82% vs 16.9%±15.57%, p=0.0002), whereas no significant difference was detected in plaque areas, plaque burden, remodelling index, plaque length and plaque enhancement grade. The multivariable analysis revealed that a severe HVR was significantly associated with a recurrent stroke (Odds ratio=12.93, 95% confidence interval 1.57 to 106.24, p=0.017) after adjusted by hypertension and smoking.

Conclusion

HVR obtained from two PLD ASL may be a useful imaging predictor of recurrent stroke.
Effects of Provider Identity and Locus of Supportive Conversation on Coping With an Identity-Threatening Stressor
Authors: Crowley Jenny L. , High Andrew C.
Published: June 2019

Guided by theory that posits outcomes of supportive interactions are shaped by source and message factors, this study examines two relevant features of interactions: the social identity of a support provider and locus of a supportive conversation. This study extends research on supportive communication by examining three possible identities of a provider (in-group, moderate out-group, out-group) alongside provider- or receiver-focused conversations. Participants ( N = 200) coping with an identity-threatening stressor related to their college major engaged in an interaction with a confederate who manipulated their identity and locus of the conversation. Immediately following the supportive conversation, participants reported higher cognitive reappraisal when interacting with in-group and moderate out-group providers compared with out-group providers. Analyses revealed a disordinal interaction on internalized stigma, suggesting that the effects of provider- and receiver-focused messages depend on a provider’s identity. Interaction effects also persisted 3 weeks later.
High-Ability College Students and Undergraduate Honors Programs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rinn Anne N. , Plucker Jonathan A.
Published: June 2019

Meeting the intellectual needs of high-ability students does not end upon graduation from high school. However, limited attention is paid to the important topic of postsecondary advanced learning in the research literature. In this systematic review, we identified 52 empirical studies published during the past 15 years. Results suggest various cognitive and psychosocial factors influence achievement among high-ability college students and that honors programming leads to positive student outcomes. The findings are discussed in light of the need for an understanding of high-ability college students and postsecondary honors education.
Cyriax syndrome: a misdiagnosed condition of the chest wall
Authors: Zairi Sarra , Hadj Dahmane Mariem , Attia Monia , Dridi Amira , Mestiri Taher , Marghli Adel
Published: June 2019

Cyriax syndrome is a rare entity of the chest wall, which mainly affects young people. It can manifest as abdominal pain in the right or left hypochondriac region, which may be very intense, and often causes problems in the differential diagnosis. We report the case of a 36-year-old man who presented with intense left hypochondrial pain, worsening on exercise. After multiple specialized consultations and several unnecessary and expensive investigations, a diagnosis of Cyriax syndrome was obtained. A thorough physical examination might have been sufficient to evoke the diagnosis.
Groundwater in California: From Juridical and Biopolitical Governmentality to a Political Physics of Vital Processes
Authors: Amironesei Razvan , Scoville Caleb
Published: June 2019

This article analyzes the emergence of a political rationality of groundwater in contemporary California. It contrasts a new government of nature that we call a ‘political physics of vital processes’, operative in the case of the Orange County Water District, with juridical and biopolitical rationalities of groundwater governance. To do so, we propose a genealogical account grounded in a reading of a key concept in Aristotle’s first book of Politics. The case is analyzed along the axes of subjectivity, space, and temporality, opening to a novel way of conceptualizing the relation between power and nature.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging assessment of microvascular characteristics in the murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zeng Dewei , Zhang Yu , Tao Juan , Liu Yajie , Lkhagvadorj Tsendjav , Yin Zhenzhen , Wang Shaowu
Published: June 2019

Background

Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can distinguish the false diffusion generated by microvascular blood flow from the true water molecule diffusion.

Purpose

To investigate the correlation between IVIM-DWI parameters and angiogenic markers such as the microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model.

Material and Methods

The murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model was produced by subcutaneously injecting 107 human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells into the right back of nude mice. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), true diffusion coefficient (D), and perfusion fraction (f) were obtained from 22 mice models using IVIM-DWI with b-values of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 s/mm2. The microvessel density and VEGF expression were obtained by histologic examination. We then compared the correlation between IVIM-DWI parameters and microvessel density and VEGF expression.

Results

The average ADC, D*, D, and f values were 1.05 ± 0.27 × 10−3 mm2/s, 6.19 ± 1.78 × 10−3 mm2/s, 0.69 ± 0.09 ×10−3 mm2/s, and 17.68 ± 8.41 (%), respectively. There was moderate positive correlation between D* value and microvessel density and VEGF expression (r = 0.484, P = 0.023; r = 0.511, P = 0.015). However, there was no significant correlation between ADC, D, and f values and microvessel density and VEGF expression.

Conclusion

The D* value from IVIM-DWI may be used to evaluate tumor angiogenesis in the murine embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma model.
An Estimate of the Local Economic Impact of State-Level Earned Income Tax Credits
Authors: Stokan Eric James
Published: June 2019

This study investigates the impact of state-level earned income tax credits on local economic outcomes (employment, wages, and establishments). The study employs difference-in-differences and triple-difference models to estimate the impact of these credits at the border of metropolitan areas where one side of the border adopts the credit between 1986 and 2012, and the other side of the border does not. Separate analyses are conducted for specific industries and subindustries. Synthetic control methods are used as a robustness check. The analyses suggest that state-level earned income tax credits do not have a significant impact on the local economic outcomes of metropolitan areas. At least one potential reason offered is that while these impacts are not a direct goal of the program, the credits may not be large enough to realize positive economic gains.
The Importance of Telling About Our Qualitative Inquiry: But How Do We Work Out Who to Tell What To, and Why Do We Want To Be Seen and Heard?
Authors: Cheek Julianne , Persson Mats
Published: June 2019

Telling about our qualitative inquiry in public spheres has a whole new meaning in a neoliberal-derived research marketplace. It is also about being seen and heard in that competitive marketplace to accrue the market currency that different types of public telling differentially provide. This can result in an “overadaptive” telling of a qualitative inquiry that itself has been overadapted to meet other agendas. Three snapshots of different types of public telling provide the vehicles for our discussion: about impact to funders, about relevance at our workplace, and to journalists so they can publicly retell that research.
Making It Relevant: Qualitative Inquiry in the Public Sphere Focusing End-of-Life Care and Migration
Authors: Migala Silke , Flick Uwe
Published: June 2019

Qualitative inquiry in the public sphere is discussed with a study concerning intercultural palliative care. For the case of Russian-speaking immigrants in Germany, language problems in care are analyzed as an issue of organizational ethics. Interviews with this target group originally addressing barriers of access to professional care are reanalyzed for the roles of language, limited language skills, and the lack of professional translation in care. The focus is on ethical implications for organizing services and the health care system planned for organizational justice for all groups in a diversifying society. Findings are discussed with Burawoy’s concept of a public sociology.
Demands for Education and Health and the Desire for Social Mobility in Rural China: Perspectives on Weak Consumer Motivation
Authors: Wang Zengwen , Liu Xiaodi
Published: June 2019

This article presents an explanation to the paradox of why increased household incomes in rural areas in China are accompanied by decreased motivation for consumption. The empirical analysis shows a reduction in rural residents’ consumer spending with the exception of spending on medical treatment and education. This effect is stronger in poor families or families with school-aged children. The authors argue that motivation for consumption has been sinking in rural areas in China because income inequality among the rural populations has stimulated spending on improving human capital to promote individual security and social mobility as a chance to squeeze into the middle class.
Sexual Violence and Major Depression among Women: Evidence for Reciprocal Relationships
Authors: Schnittker Jason
Published: June 2019

Using two waves of the National Comorbidity Survey, this study examines the relationship between sexual violence and major depression among women, focusing on rape. It uncovers evidence for two-way relationships that, among other things, shed light on who is at risk of sexual assault. Although rape increases the risk of developing major depression in a prospective fashion, depressed women are also at a higher risk of being raped. These pathways inflate the unadjusted prospective relationship between rape and major depression, though they do not explain it altogether. Comparisons between disorders indicate that major depression plays as significant a role as alcohol abuse disorder, and that depressed women are not at a higher risk only because of associated alcohol consumption. This study encourages further research not only on the effects of sexual violence on depression but also the role of common psychiatric disorders in the stress generation process, including how perpetrators target victims.
Continued Enteral Feeding Is Beneficial in Hypoglycemic Infants Admitted to Intensive Care for Parenteral Dextrose Therapy
Authors: Alsaleem Mahdi , Saadeh Lina , Kumar Vasantha H. S. , Wilding Gregory E. , Miller Lorin , Mathew Bobby
Published: June 2019

There is variability in practice among care providers on feeding infants admitted with neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) for parenteral dextrose. We compared clinical outcomes in infants who were fed (NH-Fed) and hypoglycemic infants who were kept nothing per os (NPO) (NH-NPO) at the time of initiation of intravenous (IV) dextrose. We performed a retrospective review of all newborn infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with NH for IV dextrose. Infants were grouped as per the feeding approach at initiation of IV dextrose: NH-Fed or NH-NPO infants. We found that infants in the NH-Fed group had lower maximum glucose infusion rate, less duration of glucose infusion therapy compared with the NH-NPO group, and significantly less number of days of hospital stay compared with the NH-NPO group (5.87 ± 1.4 days vs 4.9 ± 1.4 days, P < .006). In conclusion, feeding infants with hypoglycemia who require IV dextrose offers tangible benefits of shorter duration of parenteral dextrose and shorter length of hospitalization.
The Value of Progression-Free Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results From a Survey of Patients and Providers
Authors: MacEwan Joanna P. , Doctor Jason , Mulligan Karen , May Suepattra G. , Batt Katharine , Zacker Christopher , Lakdawalla Darius , Goldman Dana
Published: June 2019

Background. Value assessments and treatment decision making typically focus on clinical endpoints, especially overall survival (OS). However, OS data are not always available, and surrogate markers may also have some value to patients. This study sought to estimate preferences for progression-free survival (PFS) relative to OS in metastatic breast cancer (mBC) among a diverse set of stakeholders—patients, oncologists, and oncology nurses—and estimate the value patients and providers place on other attributes of treatment. Methods. Utilizing a combined conjoint analysis and discrete choice experiment approach, we conducted an online prospective survey of mBC patients and oncology care providers who treat mBC patients across the United States. Results. A total of 299 mBC patients, 100 oncologists, and 99 oncology nurses completed the survey. Virtually all patients preferred health state sequences with contiguous periods of PFS, compared with approximately 85% and 75% of nurses and oncologists, respectively. On average, longer OS was significantly ( P < 0.01) preferred by the majority (75%) patients, but only 15% of nurses preferred longer OS, and OS did not significantly affect oncologists’ preferred health state. However, in the context of a treatment decision, whether a treatment offered continuous periods of stable disease holding OS constant significantly affected nurses’ treatment choices. Patients and providers alike valued reductions in adverse event risk and evidence from high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials. Conclusions. The strong preference for observed PFS suggests more research is warranted to better understand the reasons for PFS having positive value to patients. The results also suggest a range of endpoints in clinical trials may have importance to patients.
The Sonographic Appearance of Polyorchidism: A Multiple Case Report
Authors: Schafer Eric S.
Published: June 2019

The traditional sonographic characteristic used to distinguish polyorchidism (PO) has been its homogeneous echotexture, which is similar or identical to the normal testicle. PO is most commonly found in the left hemi-scrotum but can also be identified in the right hemi-scrotum, inguinal canal, or abdominal cavity. The mediastinum of a testicle represents where the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea that encases a testicle folded back in on itself. The identification of a mediastinum in a scrotal lesion implies that testicular tissue is present. This series review presents three cases where PO was identified in the left hemi-scrotum. In addition to the classic homogeneous echotexture that is typically identified in an accessory testicle, a mediastinum was also appreciated in two of the cases, which helped to solidify the diagnosis of polyorchidism.
Corrigendum to the paper “On surfaces with two apparent double points”
Authors: Ciliberto Ciro , Russo Francesco
Published: June 2019

In this paper we correct a mistake in [C. Ciliberto, F. Russo, On surfaces with two apparent double points. Adv. Geom. 5 (2005), 223–235].
Singularities in the flying electromagnetic doughnuts
Authors: Zdagkas Apostolos , Papasimakis Nikitas , Savinov Vassili , Dennis Mark R. , Zheludev Nikolay I.
Published: June 2019

Flying doughnuts (FDs) are exact propagating solutions of Maxwell equations in the form of single-cycle, space-time non-separable toroidal pulses. Here we review their properties and reveal the existence of a complex and robust fine topological structure. In particular, the electric and magnetic fields of the FD pulse vanish across a number of planes, spherical shells and rings, and display a number of point singularities including saddle points and vortices. Moreover, the instantaneous Poynting vector of the field exhibits a large number of singularities, which are often accompanied by extended areas energy backflow.
Designing nanophotonic structures using conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
Authors: So Sunae , Rho Junsuk
Published: June 2019

Data-driven design approaches based on deep learning have been introduced in nanophotonics to reduce time-consuming iterative simulations, which have been a major challenge. Here, we report the first use of conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial networks to design nanophotonic antennae that are not constrained to predefined shapes. For given input reflection spectra, the network generates desirable designs in the form of images; this allows suggestions of new structures that cannot be represented by structural parameters. Simulation results obtained from the generated designs agree well with the input reflection spectrum. This method opens new avenues toward the development of nanophotonics by providing a fast and convenient approach to the design of complex nanophotonic structures that have desired optical properties.
Engaging a Data Revolution: Open Science Data Hubs and the New Role for Universities in Africa
Authors: Mutuku Christine Mwongeli
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a new ideology for engaging Africa in a data revolution. It explores the idea of creating open-science-data-hubs (OSDH) at flag-ship universities in Africa to preserve and share both internally and externally produced data. Although limited in the technical aspect, the objective here is to explore the pragmatism of how and why such an endeavor in Africa should be undertaken. This paper argues that the African university is uniquely placed to play this new role in today’s technological world and discusses the characteristics and foundational pillars necessary to set up such a program. The arguments provided here challenge Africa to be smart and adopt clever solutions to their data generation, collection and access problems, by finding value and a new role in the intellectuals and institutions of higher learning and in the necessity to involve them in the generation, preservation and sharing of data and knowledge that can be used in the policy formulation process.
Effect of Pressure Distribution on the Energy Dissipation of Lap Joints under Equal Pre-tension Force
Authors: Sun Delin , Zhu Minggao
Published: June 2019

In this paper, the energy dissipation in a bolted lap joint is studied using a continuum microslip model. Five contact pressure distributions compliant with the power law are considered, and all of them have equal pretension forces. The effects of different pressure distributions on the interface stick-slip transitions and hysteretic characteristics are presented. The calculation formulation of the energy dissipation is introduced. The energy dissipation results are plotted on linear and log-log coordinates to investigate the effect of the pressure distribution on the energy distribution. It is shown that the energy dissipations of the lap joints are related to the minimum pressure in the overlapped area, the size of the contact area and the value of the power exponent. The work provides a theoretical basis for further effective use of the joint energy dissipation.
„Mut tut gut!“ Ein Kurs zur Stärkung der psychischen Gesundheit für erwerbslose Frauen
Authors: Schneider Ines
Published: June 2019

Der Beitrag beschreibt Inhalt und Wirkung des von der Psychosozialen Frauenberatungsstelle donna klara e. V. entwickelten und in Kooperation mit der Landeshauptstadt Kiel seit 2006 angebotenen psychoedukativen Trainingsprogramms zur Stärkung der psychischen Gesundheit langzeiterwerbsloser Frauen. Die Wirksamkeit des Angebotes wurde vom Zentrum für empirische pädagogische Forschung (zepf) der Universität Koblenz-Landau von 2011 bis 2013 untersucht und wissenschaftlich nachgewiesen.
Geschlechterspezifische Aspekte psychischer Störungen
Authors: Möller-Leimkühler Anne Maria
Published: June 2019

Psychische Störungen sind komplexe, multifaktoriell bedingte Erkrankungen, von denen etwa jeder dritte erwachsene Deutsche im Laufe eines Jahres betroffen ist. Insbesondere Depressionen und Angsterkrankungen haben seit den 1990er Jahren zunehmend zu Fehlzeiten und Frühberentungen geführt. Geschlechterspezifische Aspekte sind im Wesentlichen zur Prävalenz psychischer Störungen bekannt, bedürfen aber hinsichtlich Risikofaktoren, gendersensitiver Diagnostik und Therapie weiterer interdisziplinärer Forschung, die nicht nur auf Frauen fokussiert. Hier liegen zur depressiven Symptomatik mittlerweile neue Erkenntnisse vor.
Die #Metoo Debatte: Warum wir Public Health-Perspektiven brauchen
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen
Published: June 2019

Die #Metoo Bewegung hat eine öffentliche Debatte über sexuelle Belästigung, Gewalt und Diskriminierung in der Arbeitswelt entfacht und das ‚kollektive Wegschauen‘ und ‚institutionelle Vertuschen‘ aufgebrochen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert #Metoo als Chance für Public Health in den Bereichen Gesundheitsförderung in der Arbeitswelt und Fachkräftemanagement und zeigt, dass wir Public Health Perspektiven als Wegweiser für systembezogene Interventionen in einer individualisierten Debatte brauchen.
Spiritualität und Religiosität und ihr Zusammenhang mit Lebenszufriedenheit bei Personen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störung
Authors: Cwik Jan Christopher , Büssing Arndt
Published: June 2019

Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) sind Störungen der neuronalen Entwicklung, die mit andauernden Defiziten in der sozialen Kommunikation und Interaktion sowie restriktiven, repetitiven Verhaltensweisen, Interessen oder Aktivitäten einhergehen. Diese Symptome können bei Betroffenen zu klinisch bedeutsamem Leiden führen, sodass sie sich psychotherapeutische Hilfe suchen. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Psychotherapie ist die Aktivierung von Ressourcen, wie z. B. Spiritualität und Religiosität. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war zu untersuchen, inwiefern spirituelle und religiöse Praktiken und Bedürfnisse bei Personen mit ASS im Alltag eine Rolle spielen, und inwieweit diese mit ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit assoziiert sind. Hierzu wurden 201 Personen mit ASS (Durchschnittsalter 37,4 ± 12,4 Jahre) gebeten, mehrere Fragenmodule eines Online-Surveys auszufüllen. Die Ergebnisse konnten zeigen, dass säkulare spirituelle Praktiken sowie entsprechende Bedürfnisse für den Alltag von Personen mit ASS von Relevanz sind, während dezidiert religiöse Formen der Praxis oder religiöse Bedürfnisse eher gering sind. Die Ergebnisse der durchgeführten multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse konnten außerdem zeigen, dass ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Empfinden von Ehrfurcht und Dankbarkeit und Lebenszufriedenheit bei Personen mit ASS besteht. Gleichzeitig zeigte sich ein signifikanter negativer Zusammenhang zwischen existenzialistischen Bedürfnissen und Lebenszufriedenheit. Die Ergebnisse legen somit eine Berücksichtigung dieser von Spiritualität und Religiosität für die psychotherapeutische Behandlung von Personen mit ASS nahe.