bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Deep Marine Carbonate Natural Gas in China
Authors: Li J. , Li J. , Shi J. , Li Z. , Xie Z. , Qi X.
Published: October 2020

—Deep and ultradeep oil and gas have been the prominent direction of international exploration in recent years. The deep oil and gas resources are predominantly distributed in the three domains of carbonate, clastic, and igneous rocks. The carbonate rock reservoirs contain about 40% of global oil and gas reserves owing to their superior reservoir properties. In recent years, a number of large oil and gas fields have been discovered in the deep marine carbonate rocks in China, especially in the Sichuan and Tarim Basins, thus showing a vast oil and gas exploration potential in these rocks. In this paper, the genesis and source of deep natural gas in the Tarim and Sichuan Basins were systematically studied. The results show that the natural gas in the deep marine carbonate rock reservoirs is generated not only from the later deep-source rocks. Also, the substantial cracking of crude oil and pyrobitumen in the reservoir under conditions of great burial depth and high geotemperature can provide abundant natural gas sources for the deep reservoir. So, the contribution of gas from oil cracking should be considered in evaluation of deep natural gas resources.
Inductively Induced Polarization and Its Overall Assessment Using a Normalized Transient Response
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. , Antonov E.Yu.
Published: October 2020

—The paper considers the basic regularities of inductively induced polarization (IIP) manifestation in the transient electromagnetic method. When calculating inductive transient responses of a polarizable ground, we assumed that the electrical conductivity of geologic materials is described by the Cole-Cole model. To present and analyze the results of computer-based simulation of the IIP phenomenon, we used a normalized transient response. It is defined as the ratio of the transient electromotive force (EMF) response of a polarizable ground to the EMF response of a ground that differs from the polarizable one only in that it has zero chargeability. The coordinates of the minimum of the normalized transient response are useful for an overall assessment of IIP manifestation. We show, by the example of a homogeneous polarizable half-space, how the inductive transient response is affected by the Cole-Cole model parameters and the size of transmitter and receiver loops. For a two-layer ground, IIP manifestation depends also on whether the base or upper layer is polarizable, as well as on the layer thickness. Inductively induced polarization is most pronounced when a conductive polarizable layer overlies a resistive nonpolarizable base. In this case, at a certain thickness of the layer, the IIP effect far exceeds that observed in the presence of a thick polarizable layer and even of a homogeneous polarizable half-space.
Gravitational Collapse of Anteclises and Its Probable Impact on the Neotectonics of Platforms and Passive Continental Margins (by the Example of the East European Platform)
Authors: Kopp M.L.
Published: October 2020

—Structural and geological research has shown that the extension of the Russian Plate caused a neotectonic transition of the deformed material from the Voronezh and Volga–Kama anteclises to neighboring syneclises, primarily the deepest Peri-Caspian syneclise. The resulting geologic structures and landforms morphologically resembled landslides, but their large (up to many hundreds of kilometers) lateral sizes excluded the influence of exogenous processes and made it necessary to treat this event as a gravitational collapse involving a significant crustal mass. This phenomenon was previously considered for orogens only, but the conditions for its appearance here existed too: In the late Cenozoic, the East European Platform experienced a collisional pressure from the southern boundary of the Eurasian Plate, which led to a gravitationally unstable uplift. The collapse was best manifested in the zones of junction of anteclises and syneclises, where lenses of the thickened continental crust are thinned beneath anteclises. This fact, along with the published modeling data, gave grounds to state that the platform collapse was favored by the lenticular crustal structure: The light crustal lenses forming anteclises floated up under compression and diverged under subsequent decompression. Gravitational extension and subsidence in the anteclise apexes was compensated by compression near the syneclises, where folded dislocations and neotectonic ramparts formed. It has been established that a gravitational collapse results in a specific paragenesis of platform structures and morphostructures, which can help to identify its manifestations in other places and to estimate the relationship between the relief formation and tectonics. In general, the data obtained suggest a relationship between the recent activity of passive continental margins and the gravitational collapse of the largest lenses of the continental crust.
Attitude of Teacher-Educators and Pupil-Teachers Towards the Two-Year B.Ed. Programme: A Review-Based Evaluation
Authors:   Department of Education, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal–700126, India, Mondal Ajit
Published: October 2020

Background: The nitty-gritty of the teacher education chiefly rests on its curriculum implementation at institutional level, transaction in classrooms, assessment, evaluation, as well as the degree of its suitability. Thanks to the NCTE Regulations (Norms and Standards), 2014, the duration of the B. Ed. Programme has been extended from one year to two years across India from academic session 2015-16 to prepare the teachers professional and well-equipped with sound theoretical knowledge and pedagogical skills. However, the attitude of the teacher-educators and pupil teachers towards Two-Year B. Ed. Programme matters to a great extent for its assessing suitability of the new regulations. Purpose: The present study has been undertaken to review only ten selective research studies only on the attitude of the teacher-educators and pupil-teachers towards the Two-Year B. Ed. Programme, aiming at grasping their attitudinal status or trend in a single frame with a broader spectrum of views value towards the Programme. Methods: The review-based content analysis method was adopted and its approach was qualitative for analysing the attitude of the Teacher-Educators and Student-Teachers towards two-year B. Ed. Programme. Results: the entire gamut of the Two-Year B. Ed. Programme under the NCTE Regulations, 2014 is effective and more promising for preparing professional and accountable teachers from the lens of the teacher-educators. Only the student-teachers need to be oriented with prescribed theoretical knowledge base through viable pedagogical strategies as most of the student-teachers have not hold favourable attitude towards the Two-Year B. Ed. Programme. Conclusion: As a whole, the attitudinal trend among the teacher educators and pupil-students towards the two year B. Ed. Programme irrespective gender, locality, experience and types of institution hints at the pressing need to ensure that all the B. Ed. Institutions must comply with the norms and standards stipulated in the NCTE Regulations, 2014 for preparing professional and accountable teachers in the future ahead.
Innovative Programmes for Gender Equality in Indian School Education
Authors:   Department of Education & Community Service, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab-147002, India, Kaur Sarabjit
Published: October 2020

Background: National Education Policy 2020 aims to eliminate existing disparities in access to education for children from any gender or any under-represented group. After independence, India makes considerable strides in reducing gender gaps in education, but even today the goal of gender parity in school enrolments remains elusive. India provides Universal Elementary Education to all and this commitment has been articulated through Constitution, National Education Policies and other Innovative Programmes. All these initiatives put a strong emphasis on the education of girls and some of the programmes have been started particularly to eliminate gender gaps in school education. Purpose: This paper is an attempt to review the Innovative Programmes started by the Government of India to redress the gender gaps in school education and also to analyze the impact of these programmes on female literacy rates and enrolment rates of girls in elementary education. Before analyzing the innovative programmes and their impact on educational statistics, the paper briefly assesses the status of education in the Constitution of India and also studies the national policy perspective regarding universal elementary education of girls in the country in order to provide a sound background to this study. Methods: The method of document analysis for the review of policy documents and innovative programmes has been utilized and trend analysis method has been applied to study the educational statistics from the year 1950 to 2015. Results: The female literacy rates and enrolment of girls in total enrolments for the classes VI-VIII have registered an increase after the implementation of these programmes. Conclusions: It has been observed that these community-based programmes of the country have received a lot of international recognition for their contribution towards reducing gender gaps in elementary education. So, the experiences of these Innovative Programmes can prove quite beneficial for other countries struggling with gender gaps in school education.
Atom canonicity and first order definability in classes of algebras of relations
Authors: Ahmed Tarek Sayed
Published: October 2020

Fix 2 < n < ω and let CAn denote the class of cyindric algebras of dimension n. Roughly CAn is the algebraic counterpart of the proof theory of first order logic restricted to the first n variables which we denote by Ln. The variety RCAn of representable CAns reflects algebraically the semantics of Ln. Members of RCAn are concrete algebras consisting of genuine n-ary relations, with set theoretic operations induced by the nature of relations, such as projections referred to as cylindrifications. Although CAn has a finite equational axiomatization, RCAn is not finitely axiomatizable, and it generally exhibits wild, often unpredictable and unruly behavior. This makes the theory of CAn substantially richer than that of Boolean algebras, just as much as Lω,ω is richer than propositional logic. We show using a so-called blow up and blur construction that several varieties (in fact infinitely many) containing and including the variety RCAn are not atom-canonical. A variety V of Boolean algebras with operators is atom canonical, if whenever 𝔄 is atomic, then its Dedekind-MacNeille completion, sometimes referred to as its minimal completion, is also in V. From our hitherto obtained algebraic results we show, employing the powerful machinery of algebraic logic, that the celebrated Henkin-Orey omitting types theorem, which is one of the classical first (historically) cornerstones of model theory of Lω,ω, fails dramatically for Ln even if we allow certain generalized models that are only locallly clasfsical. It is also shown that any class K such that , where CRCAn is the class of completely representable CAns, and Sc denotes the operation of forming dense (complete) subalgebras, is not elementary. Finally, we show that any class K such that is not elementary, where Sd denotes the operation of forming dense subalgebra.
Characterizations of the Cauchy distribution associated with integral transforms
Authors: Okamura Kazuki
Published: October 2020

We give two new simple characterizations of the Cauchy distribution by using the Möbius and Mellin transforms. They also yield characterizations of the circular Cauchy distribution and the mixture Cauchy model.
The unit balls of ℒ(nl∞m) and ℒs(nl∞m)
Authors: Kim Sung Guen
Published: October 2020

For n,m≥ 2 this paper is devoted to the description of the sets of extreme and exposed points of the closed unit balls of and , where is the space of n-linear forms on with the supremum norm, and is the subspace of consisting of symmetric n-linear forms. First we classify the extreme points of the unit balls of and , respectively. We show that ext ⊂ ext , which answers the question in [32]. We show that every extreme point of the unit balls of and is exposed, correspondingly. We also show that

and

which answers the questions in [31].
Another characterization of congruence distributive varieties
Authors: Lipparini Paolo
Published: October 2020

We provide a Maltsev characterization of congruence distributive varieties by showing that a variety 𝓥 is congruence distributive if and only if the congruence identity … (k factors) holds in 𝓥, for some natural number k.
On power integral bases for certain pure number fields defined by x24 – m
Authors: El Fadil Lhoussain
Published: October 2020

Let K = ℚ(α) be a number field generated by a complex root α of a monic irreducible polynomial f(x) = x24 – m, with m ≠ 1 is a square free rational integer. In this paper, we prove that if m ≡ 2 or 3 (mod 4) and m ≢∓1 (mod 9), then the number field K is monogenic. If m ≡ 1 (mod 4) or m ≡ 1 (mod 9), then the number field K is not monogenic.
China at the crossroads
Authors: Csaba László
Published: October 2020

This essay joins in the international controversy about the nature and sustainability of the economic system in China. While official ideology continues to stick to the concept of ‘socialist market economy,’ albeit with changing contents, international observers are split. One group considers China as a de facto market economy, which is in line with the top-down tradition of ruling in the region. Others consider it as a sui generis system. And a third line takes it as yet another case of hybrid regime which proliferated globally in the new millennium. I try to create a link between these readings and the empirics of Chinese growth. This may help interpret the slowdown, exacerbated by the COVID-19 epidemics on Chinese output.
Transition to a market economy: A retrospective comparison of China with countries of the former Soviet block
Authors: Dabrowski Marek
Published: October 2020

In the 1990s and early 2000s, comparison of transition strategies of China versus those in Central and Eastern Europe raised controversies in the economic and political science literature. However, differences between China and the countries of the former Soviet bloc in their transition strategies resulted not necessarily from a deliberate political choice but from different initial conditions. Low-income and largely rural China, after its first radical step (de-collectivisation of agriculture in 1978), could move more gradually due to its under-industrialisation and retaining administrative control over the economy. The over-industrialised Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and former Soviet Union (FSU) countries where the previous command system of economic management spontaneously collapsed at the end of 1980s, did not have such an option. They had to conduct market-oriented reforms as quickly as they could, with all the associated economic and social pain. Regardless of speed and strategy of transition, almost all previously centrally-planned economies, including China, completed building basic foundations of a market system by the early 2000s although the quality of economic and political institutions and policies differ between the sub-regional groups and individual countries.
China, Eastern Europe and Russia compared
Authors: Szelenyi Ivan , Mihályi Péter
Published: October 2020

After the collapse of the Berlin Wall it was conceivable that China would follow the path towards the cessation of communism, as it happened in the successor states of the USSR, Yugoslavia and the East European satellite states of the Soviet Union. But the Communist Party of China (CPC) managed to retain control and avoided the Russian and East European collapse, a full-fledged transition to capitalism and liberal democracy. For a while, China was on its way to market capitalism with the possible outcome to turn eventually into a liberal democracy. This was a rocky road, with backs-and-forth. But the shift to liberal democracy did not happen. The massacre at Tiananmen Square in 1989, approved by Deng Xiaoping, was a more alarming setback than the contemporary Western observers were willing to realize. This paper presents an interpretation of the changes under present Chinese leader, Xi Jinping in a post-communist comparative perspective.
The apoptotic effects of progesterone on breast cancer (MCF-7) and human osteosarcoma (MG-636) cells
Authors: Motamed H.R. , Shariati M. , Ahmadi R. , Khatamsaz S. , Mokhtari M.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Progesterone has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells; however, its inhibitory mechanism has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effects of progesterone on apoptosis in breast cancer (MCF-7) and human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells.

Materials and methods

In this experimental study the cytotoxic effect of progesterone was measured in MCF-7 and MG-63 cells exposed to different concentrations of progesterone using MTT assay, and effective concentrations were identified. The expression levels of the Bax, P53 and Bcl-2 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR, and caspase-3, 8 and 9 activity levels were determined using a colorimetric method. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to confirm apoptosis. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent-samples t-test.

Results

Compared to the control group, we observed a significant increase in the expression levels of the Bax and P53 genes and the activity levels of caspase-3 and 9, and a significant decrease in the expression level of the Bcl-2 gene in MCF-7 and MG-63 treated with effective concentration of progesterone. The caspase-8 activity level did not change significantly in treated MG-63 but increased in treated MCF-7 cells. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry results confirmed apoptosis in the cells exposed to effective concentration of progesterone.

Conclusions

The cytotoxic effect of progesterone on breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells was mediated by apoptotic pathways. In this context, progesterone triggers the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in MCF-7 cells and induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in MG-63 cells.
The metropolitan samples on the East of Empire: notes about the style of the earliest illuminated Bible (Paris. syr. 341)
Authors: Makhanko М. A.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to some aspects of the iconographic program (the theme of the pious king, the glorification of the name of Jesus) and artistic features (plasticity of figures, spatiality, coloristic richness) of the Syrian manuscript of the Old and New Testament from the collection of the National Library of France (Paris. syr. 341). The manuscript is long and well known among the researchers because of some of its individual miniatures and iconographic types (the Virgin Nicopeia in the composition of Allegory of Wisdom), stylistic affinity with other manuscripts of Syrian origin (the Gospel of Rabbula, the later inserted miniature of 6th century in the manuscript dated 586). However, the parallels to iconography and style of the miniatures, despite the difference in technology and sizes, can be found in the mosaics of Italy of the same period, from Ravenna to Naples. This similarity allows to assume that patrons and artists of this manuscript were familiar with the capital’s culture and art of the Imperial court, and the time of creation of the manuscript to specify as the middle — the second half of the 6th century.
“This time of God’s visitation”: Church of England and the London plague of 1563
Authors: Tauber V. A.
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the epidemic of plague which happened in London in 1563. It is studied through the lens of sources connected with the Church of England, namely, the documents establishing extraordinary services, special homily written and published in the same year, and the correspondence of ecclesiastical as well as secular authorities. This approach leads to the conclusions of how the plague was understood by theologians, which measures (both, spiritual and practical) were considered to be efficient, and how the epidemic reflected in the administrative practice of the English church. The Early Modern people perceived plague as a supernatural calamity as it was sent by God in order to punish people for their sins and move them towards repentance. The natural mechanisms of plague’s spreading, most commonly explained through the theory of miasma, were nothing more but an instrument of God’s will. Thus, the reaction to the plague became primarily a matter spiritual which belonged to the competence of the church. Practical measures were inextricably entwined with the theological comprehension of the problem as well as the reasons of ecclesiastical policy. The London plague of 1563 was the first “great” epidemic for the reformed Church of England to face. The ecclesiastical administration introduced in cooperation with the secular authorities a special form of service and a homily for ‘this time of God’s visitation’ which determined the whole posterior tradition of reactions towards plague.
Millennium of perception of the Holy Scripture in Russia
Authors: Pozdeeva I. V.
Published: October 2020

The article offers a variant of designing the Russian part of the new exposition of the Museum of the Bible of the Joseph Volokolamsk Monastery, which considers the principles of creating an exhibition that allows showing the distribution of the text of Holy Scripture in the Russian land of the XI–XX centuries.
Business Exit During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Non-Traditional Measures in Historical Context
Authors: Crane Leland D. , Decker Ryan A. , Flaaen Aaron , Hamins-Puertolas Adrian , Kurz Christopher
Published: October 2020

Given lags in official data releases, economists have studied "alternative data" measures of business exit resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Such measures are difficult to understand without historical context, so we review official data on business exit in recent decades. Business exit is common in the U.S., with about 7.5 percent of firms exiting annually in recent years, and is countercyclical (particularly recently). Both the high level and the cyclicality of exit are driven by very small firms. We explore a range of alternative measures and indicators of business exit, including novel measures based on payroll events and phone-tracking data, and find tentative evidence that exit has been elevated during 2020. Evidence is somewhat mixed, however, and exiting businesses do not appear to represent a large share of U.S. employment.
Morfo-Klimatik özelliklerin Sündiken Dağları’nda (Eskişehir) bitki örtüsünün dağılışı üzerindeki etkileri
Authors: KAYMAK Hülya
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışma kapsamında, Eskişehir il sınırları içerisinde yer alan ve doğu-batı doğrultusunda yaklaşık 120 km uzanan Sündiken Dağları’nda bitki örtüsünün dağılışı, sahanın morfo-klimatik özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak Coğrafi bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ve Uzaktan Algılama (UA) teknikleri ile incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, 2000-2019 yılları arasını kapsayan MODIS uydu görüntülerinden yararlanılarak Normalize Edilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi (NDVI) verileri oluşturulmuştur. Bu verilerle, farklı yamaçlardaki bitki varlığı tüm aylar göz önünde bulundurularak karşılaştırılmıştır. Bitki indeks sonuçları ortaya çıkarılırken sahaya ait çeşitli CBS analizleri (eğim, bakı, yükselti) uygulanmış, bitki varlığı ile morfolojik özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, dağın farklı kesimlerinden seçilen istasyonlara ait sıcaklık, yağış, rüzgâr, bağıl nem gibi iklimsel parametreler esas alınmış ve Erinç Yağış Etkinlik İndisi, Thornthwaite İklim Tasnifi ile Köppen-Geiger İklim Sınıflandırması kullanılarak klimatik özellikler belirlenmiştir. Böylece iklim-bitki örtüsü arasındaki yakın ilişki ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bitki indeks verilerinin morfo-klimatik özelliklere göre gösterdiği değişimi ortaya koymaktır. Bitki indeks sonuçları; dağın farklı yamaçlarında, özellikle kuzey ve güney yamaçlarında, farklı yükselti kademelerinde ve eğim değerlerinde bitki yoğunluğu açısından önemli değişimler olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna göre, dağın daha nemli ortamları oluşturan kuzeye bakan yamaçlarında bitki örtüsünün yoğunluğu artmaktadır. İnsan kaynaklı bitki tahribatının daha fazla olduğu, daha kurak güneye bakan yamaçlarda ise bitki yoğunluğunun daha az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, dağın özellikle 1100 m’den yüksek kesimleri ile %20-40 eğimli ve %40’tan daha fazla eğimli yamaçlarında NDVI değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ahlat İlçesi (Bitlis) kıyı akiferinde yeni bir problem: Yeraltı suyu tuzlulaşması
Authors: YETMEN Hurşit , ELMASTAŞ Necmettin , ÖZCANLI Mehmet , BENEK Sedat
Published: October 2020

Bu çalışmada Ahlat kıyı ovasındaki yeraltı suları araştırılmıştır. Bu arazilerde 2002 yılından sonra açılan çok sayıda kuyu aracılığıyla sulamalı tarım yaygın biçimde yapılmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmayla araştırma sahasındaki yeraltı suyunun fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, bu özelliklere dayanarak Van Gölü kıyısına yakın tatlı su akiferlerine olası tuzlu göl suyu karışımının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma alanını temsil edebilecek coğrafi verilerin üretilmesi için beş kuyu seçilmiştir. Su örnekleri, Harran Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (HÜBTAM) prosedürlerine uygun olarak, 2017 yılı içerisinde Haziran ve Eylül aylarında seçilen kuyulardan alınarak test edilmiştir. Yeraltı suyu verilerinin alansal dağılışının değerlendirmesini yapmak amacı ile Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) yazılımlarından faydalanılmıştır. Kuyu sularının bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri arazi çalışmalarında test edilmiştir. Yeraltı sularının Klorür (Cl⁻) konsantrasyonları ve hidrokimyasal fasiyes değişimi tuzlulaşma süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesi için yorumlanmıştır. Buna göre 1 no’lu kuyu civarındaki yeraltı sularında göl suyuyla bağlantılı kimyasal değişim saptanmıştır. Bu durum su örneklerine ait Piper diyagramında da açıkça görülmektedir. Hidrokimyasal süreçlerin yanında yeraltı suyundaki değişimi etkileme potansiyeli olan Van Gölü’nün seviye değişiklikleri, arazi kullanımındaki değişiklikler ve derin sondaj kuyularının açılması gibi etkenler de değerlendirilmiştir. Yeraltı suyunun tuzlu göl suyu ile etkileşime girmesi sonucunda tatlı suyun kimyasal bileşiminde önemli değişiklikler meydana gelir. Yeraltı suyuna göl suyunun karıştığı kısımlardaki kuyu sularında (1. kuyu civarı) her iki ölçüm döneminde de diğer tüm kuyulardan daha yüksek pH, EC, %Na, Cl⁻ ve SAR değerleri gözlenmiştir. Bu gözlemlere göre araştırma alanının sadece en güneyinde, kıyıya yakın kısımlarda göl suyunun yeraltı suyuna karıştığı, diğer kıyı kısımlarında karışmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Edirne Şehri nüfusunun gelişimi ve yapısal özellikleri
Authors: DOĞAN Mesut , OLĞAÇ İrem
Published: October 2020

Bir yerin kalkınması için var olan doğal ve beşeri kaynakların bilinmesi ve doğru bir şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir. Beşeri kaynaklardan en önemlisi nüfus miktarı ve nitelikleridir. Bir ülke için hem nicelik hem de nitelik bakımından önemli olan nüfus dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Nüfusun miktarı, yoğunluğu, yaş gruplarına göre dağılımı ve cinsiyet yapısı gibi birçok özellik bir yerin demografik yapısını etkilemektedir. Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar değişen ve gelişen koşullar çerçevesinde Edirne şehrinin nüfusu sürekli değişmiştir. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında 34.528 olan nüfus, 2019 yılı itibariyle 172.802’ye ulaşmıştır. Şehrin nüfusu; bulunduğu coğrafi konum, taşıdığı ilkim şartları, tarıma yönelik ekonomisi ve İstanbul’a yakınlığıyla sahip olduğu ulaşım imkânları doğrultusunda şekillenmiştir. Bu çalışmayla Edirne şehrinin geçmişten günümüze nüfusunun gelişimi ve yapısal özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda şehir  nüfusu Cumhuriyet öncesi ve sonrası (1927-2019) dönemlerini kapsayan gelişmelerle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.
Pain management in bleeding disorders care: perspectives of Canadian Social Workers in Hemophilia Care
Authors: King Jennifer , Fletcher Kara , Tupper Susan M. , Brose Kelsey , Goodridge Donna
Published: October 2020

Background

Pain associated with bleeding disorders has been demonstrated to have an impact on patients’ and families’ quality of life. Both acute and chronic pain are common experiences and require attention by professionals working in haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs). The benefits of psychological pain management strategies such as cognitive behaviour therapy and self-management skills training are well documented; however, it is not well understood how Canadian social workers involved in haemophilia care perceive and provide pain management support to patients.

Aims

To explore the current understanding of pain management and practice as well as the education needs of members of Canadian Social Workers in Hemophilia Care (CSWHC).

Method

Twelve semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with members of CSWHC. Transcribed interviews were coded with NVivo software and thematically analysed.

Results

The four key themes reflecting the experiences of social workers are: 1) Limited comprehension of key issues related to pain; 2) Conditioning to push through pain; 3) Expanding pain knowledge to enhance practice; 4) How we practice social work and choose to step in.

Conclusion

The current practice of CSWHC members aligns with literature in three main areas including assessment, instrumental services, and counselling. Social workers support the development of pain education and practical resources for patients with haemophilia who experience pain. While formal education, advocacy, and policy development of pain assessment and management are recognised, these areas require further research and development.
La vida y lo vivo. Una inquietud por la enseñanza de la Biología en Colombia.
Authors: Roa García Paola Andrea
Published: October 2020

Se presentan avances de la investigación realizada en el marco de los estudios desarrollados por la autora en el Doctorado en Educación de la upn. El propósito principal es complejizar la relación que se ha pretendido establecer entre la vida y lo vivo, pues ello implica tensionar las relaciones entre las disciplinas científicas y los saberes escolares. Para ello se ha venido construyendo un archivo resultado de investigación que reúne, pero al tiempo desarticula las prácticas relacionadas con la vida y lo vivo en un periodo de 100 años en Colombia. Reúne porque implica el encuentro de aquello que parece perdido y oculto en la dispersión del tiempo y el espacio, pero desarticula en tanto que sale de cronologías, para evidenciar regularidades, procedencias, discontinuidades y mutaciones. A partir de esto, es posible decir que la vida ha sido una “preocupación” recurrente y objeto de educación, que se ha manifestado en los saberes escolares, incluso siendo la emergencia de algunos de estos producto de tal preocupación; así, la vida es un tema permanente en las prácticas escolares, lo que no quiere decir inmutable, pues las prácticas relacionadas con esta,cambian de acuerdo con las condiciones dadas entre formas de saber, fuerzas de poder y sujetos.
INVESTIGATION OF ANXIETY OF SWIMMERS REGARDING CONTRACTING NEW TYPE OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19)
Authors: BATU Batuhan , AYDIN Ali Dursun
Published: October 2020

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate that anxiety of Swimmers about contracting new type of Coronavirus (Covid19). Method: Swimmers in active state in Turkish Swimming Federation participated in this study. The participants of this research consist of 247 female and 203 male swimmers (450 in total) who are in active state in Turkish Swimming Federation. In this study, “Personal Info Questionare” and “Anxiety of atheletes for contracting new type of Coronavirus (Covid-19) scale” developed by Demir et al. (2020) were used as data collection tool. Results: Differences between sex and personal anxiety sub-dimension and general differences were determined. Differences between in personal anxiety and anxiety regarding socializing both in sub-scale and overall were determined. There is no difference reported according to factors such as financial status based on minimum wage, having a chronic disease, the best swimming style, making practice at home during pandemic. Conclusion: It was concluded that, swimmers have higher level of anxiety of contracting new type of Coronavirus (Covid-19) than the medium level in this study.
Soil Bioassay v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

Neuropeptide-like proteins (NLPs) are a type of neuropeptides that influence and regulate the neuronal behaviour of the nematodes. Altering of the levels of the NLPs lead to a changed behavioural output. With this soil bioassay experiment, the behaviour of the Globodera pallida towards the root exudate of the potato plant is studied in the presence and absence of a NLP secreting biofilm. This chemotactic experiment is retrieved from the paper of Farnier and et.al. from 2012.
SDS page v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

SDS-PAGE is an analytical technique used to separate proteins based on their molecular weight using electrophoresis. Peptides migrate faster due to less resistance from the gel matrix. The peptide used in this experiment is characterised by a short length (molecular weight is less than 3kDa), so we have used a very dense (20%) gel in order to get a clear separation.
Fluorescent labeling Bacillus mycoides v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

GFP method is performed in bacteria to localize a desired peptide in the bacteria. In this experiment, we are focusing on the Nlp-14a. In the paper written by (Yi,2017) GFP was mutated on a B. mycoides E18 strain to study the plant-interaction studies. In their paper, they constructed a superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) and red fluorescent protein (mKate2) in the B. mycoides E18 strain. They tracked the GFP- tagged bacterial strain after inoculating in Chinese cabbage plants in a hydroponic system. They noticed that the bacterial strain rapidly attached to the plant during colonization and formed a matrix.
Testing safety mechanism v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

In order to test the efficiency of the kill switch mechanism, we plan on performing the following experiments: Test amino acid autotrophy in vitro An overnight culture will be used to inoculate a test culture. The knock out strains will be grown in a medium containing the test amino acid and then transfered to a minimal medium lacking the specific amino acid. Samples of 0.5 ml will be removed every 30 min to test the OD. Testing solanine dependency in vitro A test culture will be inoculated from the overnight culture. The cells will be grown in LB supplemented with solanine (CONCCCCCC). The cells will be collected, washed and resuspended in LB lacking solanine. Samples of 0.5 ml will be removed every 30 min in order to test OD. Testing dependency in soil The GFP-mutant strains (amino acid auxotrophs and solanine dependent mutants) will be inoculated at the root of the potato plants. The potato plants will be grown and described as above.
Transcriptomics v1
Authors: S Andreea
Published: October 2020

The potato root secretes root exudates, a mixture of organic molecules out of which solanine is found in the highest concentration (range of ug/ml). Also, solanine is a molecule specifically found in the root exudate of potato plants, which makes it a good candidate for a dependecy molecule which will ensure that Bacillus mycoides doesn't escape the designated action area. Studies have shown that there are soil bacteria able to metabolize solanine as a carbon source. Unfortunately, we weren't able to find an already described solanine-inducing promoter. Because the natural habitat of B. mycoides is the potato rhizosphere, we have strong reasons to believe that if such a promoter may already be present in its genome. In order to find this promoter, we designed a CHIP-Seq experiment. B. mycoides will be incubated with a different range of solanine concentrations. The DNA will be extracted and the CHIP-Seq technique will be used to detect potential binding sites of solanine operators using monoclonal anti-solanine antibodies.
Gene knockout v1
Authors: Wei Zhujun
Published: October 2020

We use this protocol to knock out yhaK in E.coli BW25113
The Relationship Between Complete Blood Count Parameters and Mortality in Early Period in Patients Diagnosed as Stroke in Emergency Service
Authors: DEMİR Hüseyin Avni , BİLDİK Fikret , GESOĞLU Tülin , ÇALIŞKAN Dikmen , ŞAHNAOĞLU Reyhan , GÖKÇE Ekim
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute ischemic stroke is the most common cause of death after heart disease and cancer. We aimed to investigate the relationship between parameters of complete blood count in early period of ischemic stroke.

Material Method: The study was organized as a retrospective-archive study. Patients applied Emergency Department and diagnosed as ischemic stroke were included. Demographic findings, complete blood count parameters, imaging tests, duration time in the emergency, hospitalization time were noted.

Results: The mean age of 422 patients was 69.95 ± 12.26 years. Hypertension is the most common additional diseases, with the rate of 68.5%. While the mortality rate is 2.1% in the first 7 days, it was 5.2% in the first 30 days. The mean value of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was significantly higher in patients who died within the first 7 days (p = 0.013). The sensitivity of NLR cut-off value, which was determined as 4.12 for death in the first 7 days, was 77.8% and specificity was 68.5%. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) values of patients who died within 30 days were found to be statistically significantly higher when compared to living patients. Advanced age, heart failure and atrial fibrillation were found to be significant risk factors for early mortality.

Conclusion: In conclusion, NLR can be predictive for mortality within the first 7 days and RDW for mortality within the first 30 days. The presence of heart failure and / or atrial fibrillation and the age of 65 and above increase the risk of early mortality.

Keywords: ischemic stroke, red cell distribution width, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, early mortality
A culpa universal como consenso ético entre a filosofia, o cristianismo, budismo e bramanismo, segundo Schopenhauer
Authors: Rodrigues Eli Vagner
Published: October 2020

Schopenhauer affirms an identity between Christianity, Buddhism and Brahminism in relation to the notion of human and world guilt. According to the philosopher, the three religions affirm a guilt that is carried by the human being due to his own existence. Considering the problem of the sources to which Schopenhauer resorted in his studies on Eastern religions, especially in relation to the Upanishads, it is questioned in this article whether the position of approximation and imputative identity in relation to the human being and the world, affirmed by him, in fact, sustainable based on the arguments presented in the two volumes of the World as will and representation and in Parerga and Paralipomena.
La imagen del ser humano y la crítica al Antiguo Régimen en La isla Felsenburg (1731) de J. G. Schnabel. Una contribución al estudio de los personajes ficcionales en el contexto de la Frühaufklärung
Authors: Koval Martín Ignacio
Published: October 2020

La isla Felsenburg, la más famosa robinsoniada alemana, publicada unos doce años después que el Robinson Crusoe, constituye un destacado documento literario de la Ilustración temprana y de ciertos fenómenos que se dieron en ese contexto como el ascenso de la novela y (muy lentamente en los territorios alemanes) de la burguesía en tanto clase rectora. El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta, mediante una caracterización de los personajes de la novela de Schnabel, de la teoría de la individualidad implícita. Esto nos permitirá entender en qué medida dicha teoría está vertebrada por la doctrina luterana, que el autor emplea de manera novedosa con fines literarios para polemizar contra el marcado optimismo que caracteriza tanto al género de las robinsoniadas como, grosso modo, al periodo histórico-literario de la Frühaufklärung.
The real interpretations of ‘if’ in academic texts: A study of the possibilities corresponding to the conditional in a psychology paper
Authors: López-Astorga Miguel
Published: October 2020

Johnson-Laird and Byrne proposed in 2002 that, beyond the two traditional interpretations that are assigned to if, that is, the material and the biconditional ones, eight more combinations of possibilities related to their meaning can be attributed to this kind of sentences. The initial hypothesis in the present study is that not all of those ten interpretations should be usual in academic texts, since some of them resort, for example, to figurative language or irony. In this way, a study of a psychology paper is carried out in order to check that hypothesis. The results are that, at least in that paper, the uses of if tend to be linked to the interpretation that both Johnson-Laird and Byrne and the literature in general relate to the biconditional.
Some remarks on R. Carnap’s concept of construction in Aufbau and E. Hessserl’s concept of constitution
Authors: Machado Ícaro
Published: October 2020

This paper turns to the concept of constitution and some to it more immediately related notions contained in R. Carnap's Aufbau and Husserl's works that might have had some influence there, in order to find similarities and differences between them. It hopefully will contribute to this assessment of the plausible hypothesis, recently raised in the literature, of an influence of the father of phenomenology not explicitly sufficiently credited in Aufbau. The argumentative strategy was to expose, firstly in a separate way, the relevant points in each strand and then to make the comparative examination. This first analysis took place by two general aspects, namely, to address, on the one hand, the very relation of constitution and what is a system of it and, given the implicated foundationalism attributed to such notion, the data which are at the base of system like this. Then I move on to examine the differences and similarities between such expositions. As result, similarities were observed in that the two of them imply a broader thesis of foundationalism; they propose, in this, to an encompassing system. In addition, they contend that the fact that there is a difference between a lower-level object and a higher-level object does not imply between them mereological composition or some necessary commonality of properties. However, there are also differences regarding the kind of relationship that the notions of constituting imply in each case. Distinctions were also found about the role of sensations in each system; but in that sense, there is, in both perspectives, also similarities concerning their status. The paper concludes with the notion that there must be husserlian influences in the Aufbau not sufficiently credited. However, it is unreasonable the diagnosis of extreme importance of Husserl's influence.
Modelando casos COVID-19 para estimar la oferta de PCR y camas hospitalarias en servicios de salud
Authors: Herrera Medina Rodolfo , Zapata Ossa Helmer , Libreros Arana Luz Adriana , Bolaños Ramos John Housseman
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad instalada de servicios necesaria para atender la pandemia del COVID-19 considerando como principal predictor los modelos estadísticos y matemáticos. Métodos: Se describen cuatro fases: 1. modelación de número de casos COVID-19, 2. uso de información histórica del fenómeno, 3. modelamiento estadístico no lineal, 4. modelamiento matemático. Para este último se usó la función Gompertz  con el cual se realizaron las proyecciones de casos confirmados. La fuente de datos principal fue la suministrada por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Los parámetros para estimar la oferta de servicios se basaron en la proyección de casos y los parámetros establecidos según los lineamientos del INS. Resultados: Los modelos de mayor ajuste para las diferentes etapas de la pandemia fueron: la exponencial, el modelo de regresión no lineal cúbico con un coeficiente de determinación del 99.7%; para las etapas de crecimiento exponencial y de estabilización de la pandemia fue el modelo matemático Gompertz. La combinación de modelos permitió predecir para el 26 de agosto un acumulado de 811,206 casos confirmados para Colombia con Fecha de Inicio de Síntomas. Estas predicciones permitieron estimar servicios para una población objetivo de un millón seiscientos (1,600,000) de habitantes en 47,328 pruebas de PCR para el mes de agosto, 1,072 camas hospitalarias y 365 camas en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos -UCI para ese mes. Conclusiones: La combinación de técnicas estadísticas y matemáticas sencillas y robustas permitió estimaciones confiables para proyectar las necesidades de servicios relacionadas con PCR, camas hospitalarias y camas UCI.
Hydatid cyst of the heart: risk of heart block and cyst rupture
Authors: Sánchez-Serrano Thomas
Published: October 2020

The overall incidence of Echinococcus infection is 0.4 per 100,000 persons. Humans are an accidental intermediary host and can occur in any human organ or tissue, although most often found in the liver (60-70%) and lung (20-30%). Cardiac involvement of hydatid disease is uncommon (0.02-2%), and establishing a diagnosis is difficult because the presenting symptoms are variable and usually insidious but there is always the lethal hazard of cyst perforation. Early diagnosis and an integrated treatment strategy are crucial. A 49-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department with a complete antrio-ventricular block, computerized tomography of the cranium revealed a cystic mass located in the interventricular septum and interrupting both bundle branches. A cystic lesion 6.2 x 3.8 cm in size was detected on two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography during the postoperative period. Open heart surgery was performed and a hydatid cyst was enucleated and medical therapy was started with albendazole. Whereas cysts in other organs may be treated both by chemotherapy and surgical manipulations, in the case of heart echinococcosis it is impossible to administer antihelmintic medicines prior to surgery due to the risk of cyst wall destruction and rupture. In addition the results of surgical treatment of heart echinococcosis are better than the conservative strategy.