bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Sodium and Serum Albumin Levels with the Severity of Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Rachmi Ullifannuri , Muin Rima Yuliati , Aprianti Suci , Kurniawan Liong Boy
Published: February 2023

Management of acute ischemic stroke patients based on their severity in emergency services is critical. One of the easy, fast, and affordable biochemical markers is serum sodium and albumin, which correlate with the severity of acute ischemic stroke. This research aimed to analyze the correlation of serum sodium and albumin levels with the severity of acute ischemic stroke. This retrospective study used medical record data of 165 acute ischemic stroke patients for the period January 2018-April 2021 at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Patients were classified according to the degree of mild, moderate, or severe stroke through the NIHSS score. Examination of serum sodium was done by Electrolyte Analyzer NOVA 5 and albumin with ABX Pentra 400. Data normality test Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The statistical test used the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman (significant if p<0.05). There was a negative correlation between serum albumin levels and the severity of stroke patients (p<0.001; r= -0.327). There was no significant association between serum sodium and ischemic stroke severity. There was a statistically significant difference in serum albumin levels in patients with mild and moderate stroke (p=0.001), mild and severe (p=0.001). Albumin correlates the outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients (p<0.001), cut-off â‰¤ 3.25 g/dL (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 50%). Hypoalbuminemia exacerbates cytotoxic edema by causing water and ions to cross the blood-brain barrier to the astrocytes resulting in further neuron damage. Albumin has a correlation with the NIHSS score (p<0.001; r= -0.327). The lower the albumin level, the higher the NIHSS score, indicating the ischemic stroke severity.
The Role of Fibrin-Related Markers in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Due to Sepsis
Authors: Arthamin Maimun Zulhaidah
Published: February 2023

Sepsis leads to local and systemic activation of different response systems, including coagulation and fibrinolysis. An overwhelming inflammatory response may lead to organ failure, and the coagulation and fibrinolysis involvement may lead to Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Special regard is given to the diagnosis of DIC by the use of scoring systems, which are, APACHE II, SAPS II, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH), and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (JMHW). A large variety of fibrin compounds can be detected in plasma from septic patients with intravascular coagulation activation. Coagulation activation is indicated by elevated plasma levels of D-dimer, prothrombin fragments, and Thrombin-Antithrombin (TAT) complexes. Fibrin-Related Markers (FRMs) identified in sepsis are D-dimer, fibrinogen, Soluble Fibrin Monomer (SFM), and Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP). Hemostatic molecular markers, such as TAT, Plasmin-Plasmin Inhibitor Complex (PPIC), D-dimer, and SFM are better for the diagnosis of pre-DIC. No single biomarker of sepsis may be ideal, but many are helpful in terms of at least identifying critically ill patients who need more careful monitoring. As each biomarker has limited sensitivity and specificity, it may be interesting to combine several biomarkers. The purpose of this literature review was to increase knowledge about laboratory tests of FRMs and provide current knowledge and insight into these biomarkers related to DIC-sepsis. The method used in this literature review was a traditional review. Search, identify, and select relevant literature on PubMed–CBI and Google Scholar based on keywords, 30 journals were obtained from the two search engines.
The proportion of Hypothyroid in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital
Authors: Latifah Armina , Tristina Nina , Wasilah Fajar
Published: February 2023

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid dysfunction often coexist. Both diseases have overlapping pathomechanisms and increased risk along with advanced age. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with T2DM is 12%-15% compared to 1.3%-4.6% of the general population. Glycemic control is an essential factor in developing hypothyroidism. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels are used to diagnose hypothyroidism because subclinical hypothyroidism commonly shows normal T4 and T3 levels. This study aimed to measure TSH levels in patients with T2DM. The study design was observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. Researchers carried out TSH measurements by using leftover samples from T2DM patients. Subjects were recruited by consecutive sampling. The inclusion criteria were subjects > 35 years old who were diagnosed with T2DM. The exclusion criteria were subjects who were previously diagnosed with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. This study found that 11% of 71 subjects had elevated TSH levels. The subjects were 32 (45%) male and 39 (55%) female patients aged 38-72 years. Subjects with high TSH levels were between the ages of 49 and 72. There were 5 of 8 subjects (62.5%) with elevated TSH levels and poor glycemic control. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in T2DM was 11%. Thyroid stimulating hormone is recommended for T2DM, especially in patients over 50 with poor glycemic control.
Comparison of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent Levels between Low and Normal Birth Weight Newborns
Authors: Livia Resvi , Wasilah Fajar , Lismayanti Leni
Published: February 2023

Low Birth Weight (LBW) newborns face a risk of iron deficiency. Iron deficiency hinders growth, and motoric, and cognitive development. Newborns with LBW sometimes suffer from inflammation, which affects the commonly used iron measurements. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is considered a potential tool to measure iron profile because it measures functional iron, and it is not affected by inflammation. This study compared the Ret-He in LBW and normal birth weight newborns. This cross-sectional study was done retrospectively by observing and comparing the hematology data of newborns from November to December 2019. The difference in Ret-He level was assessed using a non-parametric test. Out of 70 newborns, 26 were normal and 44 were LBW. The proportion of LBW newborns with anemia was higher than the proportion of normal ones (29.6% vs 7.7%, p=0.03). The median value of Ret-He in LBW was lower compared to normal birth weight (32.6 vs 33.3 pg, p=0.09), however, the values were still within the normal limits. Five from 70 of these newborns' Ret-He levels were under the reference range (7.14%). There was found that CRP levels were higher in LBW newborns than normal ones (5.6% vs 5%, p=0.98). There was a positive correlation between Ret-He and the birth weight of the newborns (r= 0.34, p =<0.01). There was no significant difference in Ret-He levels of LBW compared to normal babies. Further research is needed with a larger sample size to better assess the association of Ret-He and iron profiles in newborns.
Is it possible that the structure of tropical rainforests has recovered 40 years after clear-cutting?
Authors: Forero-Peña Luz Amalia , Leiva-Rojas Edna Ivonne , Ramírez-Pisco Ramiro
Published: February 2023

The tropical rainforest of Bajo Calima, Buenaventura, Colombia, was known for its large biodiversity and enormous regeneration potential. During the 1970–90s, industrial use through clear-cutting gave rise to secondary forest (SF), which is now a collective property of the communities that inhabit it. The productivity of secondary forest would recover after 30 years according to the linear recovery trend, as predicted by Mazuera (1985). The purpose of conducting this research in Bajo Calima, Colombia was to quantify the productivity of SF at different ages after clear-cutting. Plots of 0.1 ha were selected after 23, 27, 31 and 35 years of SF following clear-cutting of the initial primary forest (PF). It is now managed through selective logging. Samples of equal size of PF and SF without selective logging, called mature secondary forest MSF (> 40 years), were used as controls. The productivity variables of the SF expressed as basal area, volume (Vol) and aerial biomass (AB), on average for the four ages studied was 45%, 29% and 22% compared to the productivity of the PF, and 94%, 50% and 49% with respect to the productivity of the MSF. Without the opportunity to reach maturity the trend predicted by the recovery model was not achieved and the SF showed productive characteristics far below those of the initial primary forest.
Turberaied ja nende ökonoomiline hindamine pohla kasvukohatüübi männiku näitel
Authors: Kaimre Paavo , Kängsepp Vivika
Published: February 2023

The article provides an overview of the experience of using shelterwood systems in Estonia and the methodological aspects of their economic assessment. The methodology is tested with calculations made on the management alternatives of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in Rhodococcum site type. Based on the Estonian forest management rules and the results of previous silvicultural studies, the management models were elaborated for different types of shelterwood harvesting. The difference model was used when predicting stand development, the actual prices of different wood assortments and the actual cost of management activities were used in calculations. The net present value of cash flows is used as a criterion, which allows comparing management periods of different lengths. Calculations were performed for three different periods: one regeneration felling cycle, two regeneration felling cycles and perpetual management cycles. The results of different types of shelterwood systems are compared with the results of clear-cutting scenarios. The calculations indicate that in the short term, the net present value of the different types of shelterwood harvesting and clear-cutting are quite similar. The results of the first cycle of regeneration felling are most affected by the costs of cultivation and tending of a plantation and young forest. In the long run, clear-cutting will have an advantage over shelterwood harvesting, as the stand regeneration period is shorter.
Järvselja metsade tormikahjustuste seire mehitamata õhusõidukitega
Authors: Kokamägi Kaupo , Künnapuu Rauno , Liba Natalja
Published: February 2023

This paper provides an overview of a small research project. The object of the research was a 16 km2 forested area located in the territory of Järvselja Study and Experimental Forest, Estonia, which was damaged by storms in June 2021. The aim of the study was to investigate whether it is possible and reasonable to estimate the area of storm damage using orthophotos created from photographs collected from unmanned aircraft. The surveying was carried out on July 13–15, 2021. The data was collected via unmanned aerial vehicles with RGB-cameras on board. A multi-rotor drone DJI Phantom 3 Professional and a fixed-wing unmanned aircraft eBee X were used. In total, the eBee drone was flown 11 times to obtain 11,989 photos and the DJI drone 18 times to obtain 2,471 photos. During the project, it became clear that if there are open fields available, it is more efficient to use a fixed-wing type drone for this kind of research. However, in more difficult conditions where there are no clearances suitable for take-off and landing, a multi-rotor drone, such as the DJI, can be used instead. It can be concluded from the results of the work that although it is possible to use an unmanned aircraft for aerial photography of large forested areas, it takes a considerable amount of time for both photography and post-processing. It took 96 man-hours to collect the data and four working weeks to process the data.
GAMBARAN UMUM PENANGANAN CEDERA PADA SAAT AKTIVITAS OLAHRAGA (Studi Kasus Pada Atlit Futsal Club The Boom)
Authors: Syahadatina Syahadatina
Published: February 2023

The  purpose  of  the study. The purpose of writing this literature review is: To find out the general description of the handling of injuries during sports activities (case studies on futsal athletes).Materials and methods. This study uses a design that is a literature review with a PICOS approach: (1) P (problem), (2) I (intervention), (3) C (control), (4 ) O (outcome) is a method of seeking clinical information and (4) Study Design.Results. The results of a literature review search through the google scholar and freefullpdf.com databases using the keywords handling sports injuries, in the search the authors found three journals and then these journals will become a literature review. Based on a literature review from three journals, it can be concluded that the general description of handling sports injuries, namely, handling at the time of injury can use the RICE and PRICES methods, but post-injury it is recommended to use warm and cold therapy, as well as therapeutic modalities. To prevent injuries to bones, joints and muscles, players need to take some precautions. These preventive measures can be done by warm up by doing stretching before starting the match. When the match is over, the athlete must cool down.Conclusions. The higher the knowledge about handling injuries that a person has, the more fatal sports injuries will be.
PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN POWER OTOT TUNGKAI TERHADAP HASIL LOMPAT JAUH GAYA JONGKOK PADA PESERTA DIDIK PUTRA KELAS XI MAN 2 KAMPAR
Authors: Hayanti Nelsi
Published: February 2023

The  purpose  of  the study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the leg muscle power training method on the squat style long jump in male students. The training method used is an experimental research method with the research design that the author uses in this study is one group pretest and posttest..Materials and methods.. The sample in this study used purposive sampling technique. The tests and measurements of this research were carried out by male students of MAN 2 Kampar with a total sample of 16 students. To get the results of the long jump squat style, taking the pre-test and post-test scores is to do the long jump 2 times and the farthest jump range is taken as the final value.Results. The results of the study based on the statistical output of "test statistics", obtained the value of t-count (6,630) (1,753) and Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) with a value of 0.000.Conclusions. The results of the study based on the statistical output of "test statistics", obtained the value of t-count (6,630) (1,753) and Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) with a value of 0.000. Because the value of 0.000 is smaller than 0.05. This means Ha: accepted and Ho: rejected. With a percentage increase of 1.1125%. So it can be concluded that "there is a significant difference between the pre test scores and the post test scores".
Pola dan Peran Komunikasi Interpersonal antara Pelatih dengan Atlet dalam Membangun Motivasi Berprestasi Klub Woodball Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Dela Yufa Fatma
Published: February 2023

A B S T R A K Tujuan Penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetauhi bagaimana pola dan peran, faktor pendukung, kendala, dan bentuk motivasi pelatih dalam komunikasi interpersonal khususnya di olahraga woodball.Metode Penelitian Jenis Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yaitu 12 informan yang terdiri dari Pembina, Pelatih, Asisten Pelatih, 6 atlet putra dan 3 atlet putri Klub Woodball Kabupaten Grobogan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Analysis Interactive. Keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teknik melalui reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data.Hasil. penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Pola Komunikasi interpersonal yang terjalin antara pelatih dengan atlet yang sudah meraih prestasi sangat intens dibanding dengan atlet yang belum meraih prestasi. 2) Faktor pendukung komunikasi interpersonal pelatih dengan atlet yaitu sifat keterbukaan, sikap positif dan kepekaan pelatih terhadap atlet. 3) Kendala yang dialami dalam komunikasi interpersonal antara pelatih dengan atlet adalah kendala psikologi atlet, intelektual, jarak dan waktu. 4) Bentuk motivasi yang diberikan pelatih kepada atletnya dengan menceritakan pengalaman pelatih selama mengikuti pertandingan, fokus, teliti, percaya diri dalam setiap pertandingan dan menjaga kekeluargaan sehingga untuk membangun motivasi berprestasi Klub Woodball Kabupaten Grobogan.Kesimpulan Hasil Pola komunikasi interpersonal antara pelatih dengan atlet yang telah mencapai prestasi sangat intens dibandingkan dengan atlet yang belum.) Kendala yang dialami dalam komunikasi interpersonal antara pelatih dan atlet adalah kendala psikologis, intelektual, jarak, dan waktu atlet. Kata kunci: Woodball; Komunikasi Interpersonal ; Prestasi ; Pelatih ; Atlet
The study on the development of self-emulsifying compositions with simvastatin
Authors: Bodnar L. A. , Polovko N. P.
Published: February 2023

Self-emulsifying compositions are the basis of oral drug delivery systems used to improve the solubility and increase the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients that are poorly soluble in the aqueous medium of gastric juice.
Aim. To develop self-emulsifying compositions using simvastatin as an active pharmaceutical ingredient.
Materials and methods. During the development of the composition of the self-emulsifying mixture, excipients, such as solvents, co-solvents, surfactants and co-surfactants, allowed in pharmaceutical production were used. The studies of solubility, the formation rate of emulsions of the self-emulsifying composition and stability were carried out by generally accepted methods according to the methods of the SPhU and other valid normative documents.
Results and discussion. The studies of the solubility of simvastatin allowed choosing a mixture of castor oil and PEG-40 GRO as a solvent, which improved the solubility of the substance in oil. It was determined that it was efficient to use Tween-80 as the main surfactant. Glycerol monostearate, distilled monoglycerides, polyethylene oxide-400, polyethylene oxide-1500 and polyethylene glycol-100 stearate were introduced into the composition as co-surfactants. It was found that the compositions, which included polyethylene oxide-400 and polyethylene oxide-1500, had significantly worse indicators of the formation rate of emulsions than the rest of the samples. The sample containing distilled monoglycerides did not withstand a decrease in the pH value of the medium.
Conclusions. According to the results obtained, samples containing castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, Tween-80, glycerol monostearate or PEG-100 stearate were selected for further research.
Development of conditions for sertraline isolation from biological fluids
Authors: Baiurka S. V. , Karpushyna S.A.
Published: February 2023

The toxicological significance of antidepressant drugs is steadily increasing. Development of the effective methods of the sample preparation is a topical issue of the chemical-toxicological analysis of antidepressants.
Aim. To develop conditions for isolating the antidepressant sertraline from the blood and urine by the liquid-liquid extraction.
Materials and methods. The studies were performed with model blood and urine samples spiked with sertraline. In the study of the blood, the formed blood elements were pre-precipitated by adding a 10 % solution of trichloroacetic acid. Extraction purification was performed with hexane at pH 1, and the drug was extracted from biological fluids with chloroform at pH 8. The extracts obtained were further subjected to the TLC purification. Determination of sertraline in eluates from chromatograms was performed by the UV spectrophotometric method.
Results and discussion. The Rf value of sertraline in the mobile phase of methanol – 25 % ammonium hydroxide solution (100:10.5) was 0.42 ± 0.02. The UV spectra of the eluates from the chromatograms had absorption maxima at wavelengths of 268 ± 2, 275 ± 2 and 283 ± 2 nm and matched with the UV spectrum of a standard solution of sertraline in 0.1 mole/L ethanol solution of hydrochloric acid. The quantitative determination was performed at λmax 275 nm according to the equation of the calibration curve y = 0,00216x–0,03. The methods developed allowed to isolate 80.0 ± 4.0 % of sertraline from the urine, 39.0 ± 2.0 % from the blood serum, and additionally 8.0 ± 0.7 % of the antidepressant studiedfrom the blood sediment after its separation from the blood serum.
Conclusions. The effective conditions for the sample preparation of biological fluids using the liquid-liquid extraction method for the antidepressant sertraline have been determined. The results obtained are of practical importance for creating an algorithm for the toxicological study of biological samples for the presence of this antidepressant in case of fatal drug intoxications.
The theoretical and experimental substantiation of the composition of a mouthwash
Authors: Matsiuk O. D. , Kaliuzhnaia O. S. , Vyshnevska L. I.
Published: February 2023

Aim. To develop the composition and laboratory technology of a therapeutic and preventive mouthwash based on a plant active ingredient and study a number of its quality indicators.
Materials and methods. When developing the composition and technology of the drug, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients approved for medical use and widely used in pharmaceutical practice were selected. The information-search, information-analytical, organoleptic, physicochemical, pharmacotechnological and microbiological research methods were used. Statistical processing of the data obtained was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 spreadsheets.
Results and discussion. The composition and number of components of the therapeutic and preventive mouthwash have been theoretically substantiated. The theoretical and experimental substantiation of the composition of the original mouthwash of the multifaceted action with a deodorizing effect for use in halitosis (the liquid extract of burdock, pot marigold, fleaworts, horsetail, sage, inula, chicory (45 : 5 : 15 : 5 : 10 : 15 : 5, respectively) (1 : 4); thyme and lemon essential oil, xylitol, polysorbate-20, glycerin, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, purified water) is given. The tests showed the need to add antimicrobial preservatives to the mouthwash composition. Taking into account the requirements of safety and cost-effectiveness, as well as slightly higher antimicrobial activity, potassium sorbate in the minimum effective concentration of 0.1 % was chosen as a promising preservative. Salivary diagnostics revealed a general tendency to improve the physicochemical properties of saliva by a number of parameters after applying an experimental sample of the mouthwash developed. There is a general tendency to improve the physicochemical properties of saliva by a number of parameters after using an experimental sample of the mouthwash developed.
Conclusions. The composition of the therapeutic and preventive original drug – a mouthwash of the multifaceted action with the antimicrobial and deodorizing effects for use in halitosis has been developed.
The substantiation of the composition of a soft medicine for the therapy of inflammatory diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Authors: Velya M. I. , Ruban O. A. , Kovalevska I. V. , Khalavka M. V. , Gerush O. V.
Published: February 2023

Aim. To substantiate the optimal composition of the base of the semisolid dosage form with the thick extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthebased on structural-mechanical, textural, adhesive and microscopic studies.
Materials and methods. The study objects were samples of a semisolid dosage form with the thick extract of feverfew with various gelling agents and the reference drug “Irikar”. In the course of the research, a complex of structural-mechanical methods and the microscopic analysis of the samples were used.
Results and discussion. The studies of structural-mechanical properties have determined the regularities in the rheological characteristics of the experimental samples made using different gelling agents. It has been found that the rheogram of the emulgel sample has a smooth transition from the elastic deformation region to the elastic-plastic one, which may indicate a more homogeneous distribution of the sample components. It has been also determined that the sample corresponds in the textural properties to the refenium) rence drug – “Irikar” cream. The structural-mechanical studies have substantiated the rational content of the gelling agent in the emulgel composition – 3 %. The results of rheological studies have been confirmed by the data of the microscopic studies.
Conclusions. The data obtained are the basis for further pharmaceutical development of a drug with the thick extract of Tanacetum parthenium for the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
Keanekaragaman Mesofauna Tanah dan Aktivitas Mikroorganisme Tanah pada Vegetasi Nilam di Berbagai Dosis Biochar dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK
Authors: Kusumastuti Any , Indrawati Wiwik , Supriyanto  , Kurniawan Almara
Published: February 2023

Mesofauna tanah merupakan fauna tanah yang berperan dalam proses dekomposisi material organik di dalam tanah dan dapat menjadi bioindikator kesuburan tanah. Peningkatan bahan organik seperti biochar pada tanah dapat meningkatkan populasi dan aktivitas mesofauna tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah dan aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah terbaik pada berbagai dosis biochar, dosis pupuk majemuk NPK, dan interaksi antara biochar dan pupuk majemuk NPK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan perkebunan Politeknik Negeri Lampung dan Laboratorium Analisis Politeknik Negeri Lampung, pada Juli 2021 hingga Januari 2022. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split-plot yang terdiri atas dua faktor perlakuan berupa dosis biochar (B0 = tanpa biochar, B1 = 10 ton/ha, dan B2 = 20 ton/ha) dan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK (P0 = tanpa pupuk, P1 = 350 kg/ha, dan P2 = 750 kg/ha), diulang 4 kali. Variabel pengamatan adalah populasi mesofauna tanah, indeks keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, indeks dominasi mesofauna tanah, dan aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dosis biochar 20 ton/ha merupakan perlakuan terbaik terhadap populasi mesofauna tanah, indeks keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, indeks dominasi mesofauna tanah, dan aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah. Perlakuan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 700 kg/ha merupakan perlakuan terbaik terhadap populasi mesofauna tanah, indeks keanekaragaman mesofauna tanah, dan indeks dominasi mesofauna tanah, sedangakan pada aktivitas mikroorganisme tanah perlakuan tanpa pupuk majemuk NPK merupakan yang terbaik. Interaksi terbaik kombinasi perlakuan berbagai dosis biochar dan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK tarbaik yaitu pada perlakuan dosis biochar 20 ton/ha dengan dosis pupuk majemuk NPK 700 kg/ha.
Morpho-agronomic variability, traits association and path analysis in Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus Schleid.) genotypes from Ethiopia
Authors: Zigene Zewdinesh Damtew , Asfaw Bizuayehu Tesfaye , Bitima Tesfaye Disasa
Published: February 2023

Forty-five rosemary genotypes collected from different parts of Ethiopia were evaluated for quantitative morphological traits to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and association of characters. The genotypes displayed significant differences for all of the studied traits, showing the presence of wide variability among the tested genotypes. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were found to be medium and high for all growth and yield traits except for leaf length. Moderately high to high broad-sense heritability (0.66 -0.97) coupled with moderate to high genetic advance as a percent of the mean (10.37 -79.14) values were found for all traits.  Correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis revealed that characters vis. branch number plant-1, fresh leaf weight plant-1, dry leaf weight plant-1, fresh leaf yield ha-1, and essential oil content had a high positive direct effect and significant positive association with essential oil yield ha-1. Thus direct selection for these traits would be quite effective for essential oil yield enhancement in rosemary. In general, the studied accessions were diverse in nature and could be exploited in the conservation, breeding and commercialization of the crop.
واقع الضغوط النفسية التي تعرض لها والدي ذوي الإعاقة السمعية أثناء جائحة كورونا Covid-19 وكيفية مواجهتها من وجهة نظرهم بمنطقة مكة المكرمة
Authors: Elbadawy Aboalola Nawal Ahmad
Published: February 2023

هدف البحث الحالي   إلى الكشف عن واقع الضغوط النفسية لدى والدي المعاقين سمعيا  أثناء جائحة كورنا وكيفية مواجهتها  من وجهة نظرهم وفقا  لمتغير: شدة الإعاقة ،المرحلة العمرية  ، المستوى التعليمي لأباء المعاقين سمعيا  تكونت العينة من (56)  من والدي المعاقين سمعيا  ، استخدمت الباحثة  استبيان  مستوى  الضغوط النفسية وأساليب مواجهتها لدى والدي المعاقين سمعيا ، وكشفت النتائج  أنه توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في استجابة والدي المعاقين سمعيا للضغوط النفسية في ظل فيروس كورونا باختلاف شدة الإعاقة لصالح والدي الأبناء ذوي  الإعاقة الشديدة وفي أساليب  مواجهة الضغوط لصالح  والدي الأبناء ذوي الإعاقة البسيطة ،كما تبين وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في استجابة  الوالدين  للضغوط النفسية في ظل فيروس كورونا باختلاف المرحلة العمرية لصالح والدي المعاقين سمعيا الذين عمرهم صغير ، وفي أساليب المواجهة للضغوط الذين عمرهم أكبر سنا ،  وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في أساليب مواجهة الضغوط النفسية في ظل فيروس كورونا باختلاف المستوى التعليمي  لصالح والدي المعاقين سمعيا الذين مستواهم التعليمي أعلى
Role of D-Dimer in assessing severity, monitoring, and predicating outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia: A single center study
Authors: Patil Shital , Khule Shubhangi , Toshniwal Sham
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

Robust data are available regarding role of D-dimer in analyzing coagulation status in pulmonary embolisms and deep vein thrombosis. As thrombogenic nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been evolved in this pandemic, we have studied its role in predicting disease severity, correlation with durations of illness and oxygenation status, and ventilatory support requirement with prediction of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in these cases.

Materials and Methods:

Prospective, observational follow-up study, included 2000 COVID-19 cases confirmed with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. All cases were assessed with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) thorax, oxygen saturation, inflammatory marker as D-Dimer at entry point and follow-up. Age, gender, comorbidity, and use of bilevel-positive airway pressure (BIPAP)/non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and outcome as with or without lung fibrosis were key observations. In selected cases, lower limb venous Doppler and computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography to rule out deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary thromboembolism. Statistical analysis is done using Chi-square test.

Results:

CT severity score at entry point with D-Dimer titer has significant correlation (P < 0.00001). Age (<50 and >50 years) and gender (male vs. female) have significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001) and (P < 0.010), respectively. D-Dimer titer has significant association with duration of illness before hospitalization (P < 0.00001). Comorbidities have significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001). D-Dimer titer has significant association with oxygen saturation (P < 0.00001). BIPAP/NIV requirement has significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001). Timing of BIPAP/NIV requirement during hospitalization has significant association with D-Dimer level (P < 0.00001). Follow-up D-Dimer titer during hospitalization, as compared normal and abnormal to entry point level has significant association with post-COVID lung fibrosis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism (P < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

D-Dimer has documented very crucial role in COVID-19 pneumonia in predicting severity of illness, ventilatory support requirement and course in critical care setting. D-Dimer follow-up titer has documented role in predicting lung fibrosis and deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. D-Dimer serial titers have documented significant role in step-up or step-down interventions in critical care setting.
The mechanical cause of loculated pleural effusion
Authors: Mishra Nikhil
Published: February 2023

In this research, we are going to deal with the probable mechanism behind the loculated pleural effusions using the Law of Viscous fluids against rough surfaces/walls. The idea of the research is to form a firm ground regarding the mechanism of pleural effusion.
UNCLE (Unconventional Learning Exercises): An Innovative approach towards active learning in Physiology for I MBBS students
Authors: Soundariya Krishnamurthy , Velusami Deepika
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

Physiology is a constantly evolving subject; hence, it demands participation from the students for effective learning. In the current trend of medical education, medical teachers need to accumulate a good knowledge of efficient “Teaching–Learning Methods,” that enable active student participation. “UNCLE– Unconventional Learning Exercises” is one such approach that facilitates learning through discussions with colleagues and helps in acquiring facts through “Participatory learning” rather than through rote memory.The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an active learning method “UNCLE” in learning physiology among I MBBS students.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty I MBBS students were exposed to “Unconventional Learning Exercises” in small groups during the regular tutorial sessions. The study tools used for “UNCLE” were worksheets with critical thinking questions and analogies shown in flash cards. Pre- and post-test scores were obtained for the evaluation of their learning. Feedback was obtained from the students to elicit their perception about the effectiveness of the new method.

Results:

The post-test scores (7.7 ± 1.37) were significantly greater than the pre-test scores (6.24 ± 1.57). The students reported the method to be innovative, interesting, refreshing, and more engaging. They reported that this method enhanced team-work and improved their communication skills.

Conclusion:

UNCLE may be considered an effective active learning strategy in physiology for I MBBS students.
Pyogenic liver abscess due to Escherichia coli in a case of chronic alcoholism
Authors: Sugumaran Radha , Ranganathan Udhaya Sankar , Thiyagarajan Mangaiyarkarasi , Shivekar Sunil Satanjali , Rangasamy Gopal
Published: February 2023

Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an intra-abdominal visceral abscess. Most often the etiological agent is a bacteria or parasite. Even though the incidence is low, it is important to establish the etiological agent for targeted therapy and in recent times, there is an increase in mortality rate. We report herewith a case of PLA due to Escherichia coli in a 60-year-old chronic alcoholic patient without any other evidence of infective foci who responded well to targeted antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage. This case report highlights the importance of microbiological work up in every case of PLA. Early diagnosis, percutaneous drainage, and targeted antibiotic therapy remain the mainstay of treatment.
Acute encephalitis syndrome with the cause hidden in plain sight – A case series
Authors: Rajendran Ancy Jenilet , Tamilarasan Preethi , Arunagirinathan Arulkumaran
Published: February 2023

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is one of the important life-threatening presentations in children with a case fatality rate of 12.6%. The most common etiology in India is viral encephalitis. However, one of the emerging yet treatable causes is scrub typhus, which is endemic in many parts of India including Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. It is a vector borne disease which has myriad presentations, one among those being AES. This is a case series of four such cases noted over the first 6 months of 2022. All the patients presented with symptoms of fever and alteration of sensorium without any seizures. Examination revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and abnormal central nervous system findings. A thorough examination revealed the classical eschar in all the cases. Based on the examination findings, oral doxycycline was started in all the patients along with supportive treatment while awaiting results, which later revealed to be scrub ELISA positive. After 48 h, due to inadequate defervescence and improvement in sensorium, IV azithromycin was added in two patients and oral doxycycline was changed to injectable in other two patients. All of them recovered without any complications or sequelae. Early identification and initiation of appropriate antibiotics are essential for a positive outcome. In endemic areas, children with AES should be thoroughly examined for signs of scrub typhus including eschar. In our patients, parenteral doxycycline or azithromycin was found to be more effective than oral doxycycline in resolution of fever and neurological abnormalities. If AES is suspected to be due to scrub typhus, parenteral therapy may be preferred over oral.
The Kurdish Language Corpus: State of the Art
Authors: Azzat Media , Jacksi Karwan , Ali Ismael
Published: February 2023

The notable growth of the digital communities and different online news streams led to the growing availability of online natural language content. However not all natural languages have the enough attention of being made readable and comprehendible to machines. Among these less resourced and paid attention languages is the Kurdish language. Creating the machine-readable text is the first step toward applications of text mining and semantic web, such as translation, information retrieval and recommendation systems. With the de facto challenges in the Kurdish language, such as the scarcity of linguistic sources and not having unified orthography rules, this language has a lack of the language processing tools. However, to overcome the mentioned challenges and enable intelligent applications the well organized and annotated Kurdish text corpora is needed. This review paper investigates the available textual corpora in the Kurdish language and its dialects and then determined challenges are discussed, open problems are listed and future directions suggested.
Forecasting the Ratio of the Rural Population in Iraq Using Box-Jenkins Methodology
Authors: Abdulqader Qais M.
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the Box-Jenkins methodology has been applied and ‎used to forecast the ratio of Iraq's ‎rural population from 1960 to 2019. A sample size of (60) observations of the ‎annually rural population ‎of Iraq has been taken. A combination of ‎some adequate time series models has been prepared and ‎‎obtained and some statistical criteria have been used for comparison and model selection. Results of ‎the study concluded ‎that the ARIMA (0,2,1) is an adequate and best model to be used for ‎forecasting ‎the annual ratio of rural population data in Iraq. ‎During the period 2020 to 2030, the ratio of the rural ‎population ‎will keep decreasing gradually, and the percentage of the rural ‎population of Iraq in 2030 ‎will be (27.732).‎
THE RESULTS OF THE INTRODUCTION AND BREEDING FOR FROST RESISTANCE OF LAVENDER HYBRIDS FOR 2015–2022 YEARS
Authors: Евтюхова А.В. , Горбунов Ю.Н. , Крючкова В.А.
Published: February 2023

Лаванда узколистная – широко распространенная в южных регионах эфиромасличная и декоративная культура. Распространение лаванды в более северные регионы ограничивается климатическими условиями неблагоприятного зимнего периода. Селекция лаванды узколистной на зимостойкость позволит расширить зону возделывания ее в первую очередь как декоративной культуры. Исследования проводили в период 2015–2022 гг в лаборатории культурных растений ГБС РАН. Зимостойкость оценивали по 6-тибалльной шкале, для анализа достоверности результатов использовали статистический анализ выборки. Наименее благоприятными для перезимовки лаванды оказались годы с минимальным снежным покровом, наиболее благоприятными – с высотой снежного покрова более 40 см. Минимальные зимние температуры не оказывали существенного влияния при наличии снежного покрова, однако значительно снижали зимостойкость в зимы без снега. По результатам наблюдений выделены гибриды с наиболее высокой зимостойкостью во все годы наблюдений, данные гибриды рекомендованы для дальнейшего использования в селекции в качестве источника зимостойкости.

Lavandula angustifolia is a widespread essential oil and ornamental culture in the southern regions. The spread of lavender to more northern regions is limited by the climatic conditions of the unfavorable winter period. The breeding of Lavandula angustifolia for frost resistance will allow expanding its cultivation zone primarily as an ornamental crop. The research was carried out in the period 2015–2022 in the laboratory of cultivated plants of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Frost resistance was assessed on a 6-point scale, statistical analysis of the sample was used to analyze the reliability of the results. The years with minimal snow cover turned out to be the least favorable for overwintering lavender, the most favorable – with a snow cover height of more than 40 cm. Minimum winter temperatures did not have a significant effect in the presence of snow cover, but significantly reduced winter hardiness in winters without snow. According to the results of observations, hybrids with the highest frost resistance were identified in all years of observation, these hybrids are recommended for further use in breeding as a source of frost resistance.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYTOCOENOSIS WITH CANNABIS RUDERALIS L. KHEMCHIK BASIN OF TUVA
Authors: Ондар М.М. , Намзалов Б.-Ц.Б. , Ооржак А.В.
Published: February 2023

В данной работе раскрыты результаты исследования структуры растительности и приводится данные особенности экологии и биологии конопли сорной. Полевые работы проводились на территории Хемчикской котловины Республики Тыва. В ходе полевых исследований дана характеристика видового разнообразия растений, а также выделены ассоциации коноплевых сообществ.

In this paper, the results of the study of the structure of vegetation are disclosed and these features of the ecology and biology of weed cannabis are given. Field work was carried out on the territory of the Khemchik basin of the Republic of Tyva. In the course of field research, a characteristic of the species diversity of plants is given, and associations of hemp communities are also identified.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA USING SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Самбуу А.Д. , Голубятников Л.Л.
Published: February 2023

Проведен анализ динамики земель сельскохозяйственного назначения Республики Тыва (Россия). Для анализа пространственного распределения экосистем на территории межгорных котловин Тувы использованы спутниковые изображения с космического аппарата Landsat-8 для летнего периода 1987–2021 годов. Цифровые карты землепользования отражают современную обстановку и содержат информацию о пашне, разновозрастных залежах, пастбищах. Для определения разновозрастной залежи использовали полевые материалы, которые позволили выявить видовой состав растительности, варьирующий в зависимости от возраста залежи, что нашло отражение на космических снимках. Впервые в постсоветский период проведен комплексный анализ данных, полученных на основе рекогносцировочных и полевых работ, карты землепользования с использованием цифровых технологий, что позволил выявить в настоящее время использование более 30% пашни, разновозрастные залежи составляют 17–37% степных территорий, большая часть сельскохозяйственных земель Тувы занимают пастбища. Дешифрирование спутниковых снимков позволило составить карту-схему распределения экосистем на территории межгорных котловин. На заброшенных пашнях восстанавливается степная растительность. На многих залежных территориях разрастаются кустарники караганы Бунге. Наблюдаются процессы опустынивания и засоления на рассматриваемой территории.

The analysis of the dynamics of agricultural lands of the Republic of Tyva (Russia) is carried out. Satellite images from the Landsat-8 spacecraft for the summer period 1987–2021 were used to analyze the spatial distribution of ecosystems on the territory of intermountain basins of Tuva. Digital land use maps reflect the current situation and contain information about arable land, deposits of different ages, pastures. To determine the age of the deposit, field materials were used, which made it possible to identify the species composition of vegetation, varying depending on the age of the deposit, which was reflected in satellite images. For the first time in the post-Soviet period, a comprehensive analysis of data obtained on the basis of reconnaissance and field work, land use maps using digital technologies was carried out, which allowed us to identify the current use of more than 30% of arable land, deposits of different ages make up 17–37% of steppe territories, most of the agricultural land is pastures of Tuva. The interpretation of satellite images made it possible to draw up a map-scheme of the distribution of ecosystems on the territory of the intermountain basins. Steppe vegetation is being restored on abandoned arable lands. In many fallow areas, bushes of Сaragana Bungei grow. The processes of desertification and salinization are observed in the territory under consideration.
HALF-CENTURY DYNAMICS OF ACREAGE AND ARABLE SOIL FERTILITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA
Authors: Самбуу А.Д. , Аюнова О.Д. , Оксюлюк А.О. , Дугержаа Ч.Ш. , Монгуш Ш.В.
Published: February 2023

В статье приведен анализ данных за пятидесятилетний период по динамике посевных площадей и основных показателей плодородия почв земель сельскохозяйственного назначения Республики Тыва. Почвенный покров лесостепной зоны республики в основном представлен черноземами южными и обыкновенными, степной зоны – каштановыми почвами. Пахотные земли располагаются в основном на каштановых почвах (69 %) и черноземах (27 %). На 01.01.2022 г. площадь пашни составляет 135.5 тыс. га. Установлено, что сельскохозяйственные угодья за период 1970–2022 гг. сократились в 1.3 раза, в т. ч. пашня – в 3.6 раза, сенокосы – в 2 раза, пастбища – в 1.7. В процессе длительного сельскохозяйственного использования происходит изменение содержания в пахотном горизонте гумуса, подвижного фосфора и обменного калия, а также кислотности пашни. Выявлено, что гумусовое состояние пахотных почв Тувы оценивается низким и очень низким уровнями плодородия. Цель работы – анализ динамики посевных площадей и основных показателей плодородия агропочв Республики Тыва в течение 50 лет, выявление наметившиеся тенденции.

The article presents an analysis of data within the fifty year period on the dynamics arable lands and the main indicators of soil fertility of agricultural lands of the Republic of Tyva. The soil cover of the forest-steppe zone of the Republic is mainly represented by southern and usual chernozems, while the steppe zone is represented by chestnut soils. Arable land is located mainly on chestnut soils (65 %) and chernozems (27 %). On 1/1/2022 the arable land area is 135.5 thousand hectares. It is established that agricultural land for the period 1970–2022 decreased by 1.3 times, including arable land – by 3.6 times, hayfields – by 2 times, pastures – by 1.7 times. In the course of long-term agricultural use, the content of humus, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the arable horizon changes, as well as the acidity of arable land. It was revealed that the humus state of arable soils in Tuva is estimated to be low and very low levels of fertility. The purpose of the work is to analyze the dynamics of acreage and the main indicators of agricultural soil fertility of the Republic of Tyva for 50 years, to identify emerging trends.