bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunnel magnetoresistance sensors with dual soft-pinned free layers exhibiting highly symmetric resistance-field response curves
Authors: Nakatani Tomoya , Iwasaki Hitoshi
Published: December 2022

We report on tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors with two ferromagnetic free layers (FLs) on both sides of a MgO tunnel barrier. The magnetizations of these FLs are weakly (softly) pinned in an anti-parallel configuration by the exchange bias of IrMn antiferromagnetic layers through ferromagnetic and/or antiferromagnetic interlayer couplings of non-magnetic spacer layers. These dual soft-pinned FL (SPFL) sensors show a symmetric resistance (R) change with respect to the polarity of the external magnetic field (H) applied to the hard axis (HA) of the SPFLs and TMR ratios of over 200%, which is much higher than those of the single-SPFL sensors, where one side of the ferromagnetic layers is an SPFL and the other side is a strongly pinned reference layer. When the applied H exhibits an angular misalignment from the HA, dual-SPFL sensors show much-reduced asymmetry in the R–H curves than single-SPFL sensors. Macrospin simulations of the magnetization behavior and R–H curve for both dual- and single-SPFL sensors revealed that the small asymmetry in the R–H curves of dual-SPFL sensors was owing to their significantly smaller dependence of relative magnetization angle between the SPFLs on the magnetic field misalignment from the HA. These results suggest that dual-SPFL TMR sensors are promising for use in magnetic sensors such as encoder sensors for position and rotation detections.
Evolution of waves in liquid films on moving substrates
Authors: Ivanova Tsvetelina , Pino Fabio , Scheid Benoit , Mendez Miguel A.
Published: December 2022

Accurate and computationally accessible models of liquid film flows allow for optimizing coating processes, such as hot-dip galvanization and vertical slot-die coating. This paper extends a classic three-dimensional integral boundary layer model for falling liquid films (FFs) to account for a moving substrate (MS). We analyze the stability of the liquid films on vertically moving substrates in a linear and in a nonlinear setting. In the linear analysis, we derive the dispersion relation and the temporal growth rates of an infinitesimal disturbance using normal modes and linearized governing equations. In the nonlinear analysis, we consider disturbances of finite size and numerically compute their evolution using the set of nonlinear equations in which surface tension has been removed. We present the region of (linear) stability of both FF and MS configurations, and we place the operating conditions of an industrial galvanizing line in these maps. A wide range of flow conditions was analyzed and shown to be stable according to linear and nonlinear stability analyses. Moreover, the nonlinear analysis, carried out in the absence of surface tension, reveals a nonlinear stabilizing mechanism for the interface dynamics of a liquid film dragged by an upward-moving substrate.
Morphological and Euler characteristics of nonwetting phases in porous media
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Liu Yu , Liu Feng , Yang Wenzhe , Wang Yahui , Liu Hantao , Song Yongchen
Published: December 2022

The geometric structure variation of the nonwetting phase (NWP) in porous media plays a critical role in numerous energy-related processes. This work conducted a series of gas/liquid displacements in three rock cores using high resolution x-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), including two sandstones and a Berea core with different pore architectures. The morphological and topological characteristics of NWP were investigated at the pore scale in a full cycle of primary drainage (PD), main imbibition (MI), and main drainage (MD). It is found that roof and distal snap-off occurred during drainage, resulting in nonwetting (NW) singlets and ganglia. These NW bubbles occupied 10%–20% NWP volume. Both throat snap-off and pore snap-off were observed in MI, which generally occur at a single-pore scale. The effect of viscous force is significant even at a capillary dominant displacement. The trapped NWP during PD can be partially or totally displaced in MI through further snap-off events or viscous remobilization. Due to the temporal and spatial scale diversion in pore scale events, the amplitude of pressure drop fluctuations among PD, MI, and MD is different. The significant difference in NWP characteristics between PD and MD is connectivity, thus leading to hysteresis.
Polyphenylalanine as a self-adjuvanting delivery system for peptide-based vaccines: the role of peptide conformation
Authors: Skwarczynski Mariusz , Zhao Guangzu , Ozberk Victoria , Giddam Ashwini Kumar , Khalil Zeinab G. , Pandey Manisha , Hussein Waleed M. , Nevagi Reshma J. , Batzloff Michael R. , Capon Robert J. , Good Michael F. , Toth Istvan
Published: December 2022

Peptide-based vaccines are composed of minimal microbial components that are required to stimulate immune responses. Peptide antigens are easy to produce, relatively cheap and non-toxic. They are also able to activate the immune system in a well-controlled manner. However, peptides themselves are poor immunogens and have to be co-administered with an adjuvant (immune stimulator) to produce desired immune responses. Unfortunately, many adjuvants are toxic, poorly effective or not compatible with peptide antigens. Recently, we demonstrated that, upon conjugation to a peptide antigen, poly(hydrophobic amino acids) can self-assemble into nanoparticles and induce strong humoral immune responses. Here, we examine the ability of polyphenylalanine to act as a self-adjuvanting moiety when conjugated to a peptide antigen derived from Group A Streptococcus M-protein. The polyphenylalanine moiety was further lipidated to alter the conjugate conformation and its ability to form nanoparticles. The lipidated analogue triggered the production of a high level of antibodies in immunized mice. The antibodies produced were highly opsonic against tested GAS clinical isolates.
Biophysical characterization of calcium-binding and modulatory-domain dynamics in a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel
Authors: Lycksell Marie , Rovšnik Urška , Hanke Anton , Martel Anne , Howard Rebecca J. , Lindahl Erik
Published: December 2022

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) perform electrochemical signal transduction in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Among the prokaryotic pLGICs, there is architectural diversity involving N-terminal domains (NTDs) not found in eukaryotic relatives, exemplified by the calcium-sensitive channel (DeCLIC) from a
Desulfofustis
deltaproteobacterium, which has an NTD in addition to the canonical pLGIC structure. Here, we have characterized the structure and dynamics of DeCLIC through cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In the presence and absence of calcium, cryo-EM yielded structures with alternative conformations of the calcium-binding site. SANS profiles further revealed conformational diversity at room temperature beyond that observed in static structures, shown through MD to be largely attributable to rigid-body motions of the NTD relative to the protein core, with expanded and asymmetric conformations improving the fit of the SANS data. This work reveals the range of motion available to the DeCLIC NTD and calcium-binding site, expanding the conformational landscape of the pLGIC family. Further, these findings demonstrate the power of combining low-resolution scattering, high-resolution structural, and MD simulation data to elucidate interfacial interactions that are highly conserved in the pLGIC family.
Chinese adverbs
Authors: Zhang Yi
Published: December 2022

The category of adverbs in Chinese, as is its counterpart in English, is featured by morphological, syntactic and semantic heterogeneity. The heterogeneity poses the questions of the categorial coherence and the conflicting criteria in identifying adverbs. This paper starts with the definition of adverbs in Cognitive Grammar and analyzes degree adverbs, temporal adverbs, scope adverbs, manner adverbs, attitude adverbs and negation adverbs in Chinese. It is found that they all profile a relationship with a relational trajector, consistent with the proposal in Cognitive Grammar, but the precise relationship has to be specified. Some adverbs can also serve as mental space builders. Moreover, the morphological and syntactic behaviors of adverbs can be motivated to different degrees by their semantic functions. The paper attempts to establish the categorial status of adverbs. It develops the semantic account of lexical categories and motivates the formal aspects of language from meaning.
Effect of texture on damping behaviour in ZK60 magnesium alloy
Authors: Zhou Xiongpeng , Yan Hongge , Chen Jihua , Xia Weijun , Zhu Huaming , Su Bin , Song Min
Published: December 2022

Effect of texture on the damping capacity of ZK60 magnesium alloy is investigated through compression experiments with a deformation of 10% at room temperature. It is found that both the dislocation networks, twins and the basal texture intensity affect the damping capacity. At the low strain amplitudes, the dislocation networks and twins are dominant and the damping capacity decreases with the increase in the dislocation networks and twins. At the high strain amplitudes, the basal texture intensity is dominant and the damping capacity decreases with the increase in the basal texture intensity. Based on the anisotropy of the damping capacity of the wrought magnesium alloys, this research provides provide a direction for the study of high-strength and high-damping magnesium alloys.
Improved modeling of the effect of sulfur on optical and electrical properties in a calibrated simulation model of a CIGSSe solar module
Authors: Giesl Florian , Schubbert Christian , Eraerds Patrick , Heise Stephan , Lechner Robert , Dalibor Thomas , Parisi Jürgen
Published: December 2022

A 1D single-cell simulation model for a laminated Ga-rich

30
×

30

 cm2 n-ZnO/ZnOS/Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2/Mo(Se,S)2-based solar module with a power conversion efficiency of close to 19% is developed and calibrated on its current–voltage (IV), capacitance–voltage (CV), external quantum efficiency(EQE) and

V

o
c

(
G
)

measurement data. A careful discussion of the simulation parameters is presented, from which three main results are found: (a) a discrepancy between the band gaps calculated from glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and EQE measurement data is ascribed to the segregation behavior of sulfur in the Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 crystal and can be solved by a modification of the sulfur GDOES profile in accordance with grain sizes, (b) the saturation current density and the diode factor can be calibrated by electron and hole capture cross-sections of the absorber to match the measured IV data, and (c) a modification of the illumination spectrum corresponding to reflection losses can account for missing real part values of the complex refractive index. The resulting interplay of recombination mechanisms in the simulation model is then verified by a generation-dependent V

oc
measurement.
A novel exsolution technique—twice lasers: rapidly aroused explosive exsolution of nanoparticles to boost electrochemical performance
Authors: Hu Xin , Qi Jingang , Qiao Sifan , Yu Wenwen , Shang Jian , Liu Liang , Zhao Zuofu , Tang Lidan , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

The exsolution of nanoparticles (NPs) on material surfaces exhibits good performance with great potential in the field of catalysis. In this study, a method with twice lasers treatment (TLT) is proposed for the first time to rapidly promote the exsolution of Co NPs to the surface of (La0.7Sr0.3)0.93Ti0.93Co0.07O3 (LSTC) by laser rapid heating to enhance the electrochemical performance of the LSTC. The entire process from precursor powder—stable perovskite crystal structure—Co NPs exsolution on the LSTC surface takes only ≈36 s by TLT. The Co NPs exsolution was confirmed by x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. After TLT, a large number of Co NPs reached 75 particles μm−2 appeared on the surface of LSTC with the onset potential of 1.38 V, the overpotential of 214 mV, and the Tafel slope of 81.14 mV dec−1, showing good catalytic activity and long-term stability. The novel process of using TLT to rapidly induce exsolution of NPs enables the rapid preparation of nanoparticle-decorated perovskite materials with better electrochemical properties, thus enriching exsolution technology and opening a new avenue for surface science research.
Transitivity and the existence of horseshoes on the 2-torus
Authors: Nunes Pollyanna Vicente , Tal Fábio Armando
Published: December 2022

We study the relationship between transitivity and topological chaos for homeomorphisms of the two torus. We show that if a transitive homeomorphism of

T

2

is homotopic to the identity and has both a fixed point and a periodic point which is not fixed, then it has a topological horseshoe. We also show that if a transitive homeomorphisms of

T

2

is homotopic to a Dehn twist, then either it is aperiodic or it has a topological horseshoe.
Elliptic generalisation of integrable q-deformed anisotropic Haldane–Shastry long-range spin chain
Authors: Matushko M , Zotov A
Published: December 2022

We describe integrable elliptic q-deformed anisotropic long-range spin chain. The derivation is based on our recent construction for commuting anisotropic elliptic spin Ruijsenaars–Macdonald operators. We prove that the Polychronakos freezing trick can be applied to these operators, thus providing the commuting set of Hamiltonians for long-range spin chain constructed by means of the elliptic Baxter-BelavinGLMR-matrix. Namely, we show that the freezing trick is reduced to a set of elliptic function identities, which are then proved. These identities can be treated as conditions for equilibrium position in the underlying classical spinless Ruijsenaars–Schneider model. Trigonometric degenerations are studied as well. For example, inM = 2 case our construction provides q-deformation for anisotropic XXZ Haldane–Shastry model. The standard Haldane–Shastry model and its Uglov’s q-deformation based onUq(glˆM)XXZR-matrix are included into consideration by separate verification.
The shear Alfvén continuum with a magnetic island chain in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Qu Z S , Hole M J
Published: December 2022

The shear Alfvén continuum spectrum is studied for a tokamak with a single island chain using the ideal magnetohydrodynamics theory. We have taken into account the toroidal geometry and toroidal mode coupling with the island considered as a highly-shaped stellarator. Various new frequency gaps open up inside the island due to its asymmetry both poloidally and toroidally, such as the mirror-induced Alfvén eigenmode (MAE) gap and the helicity-induced Alfvén eigenmode (HAE) gap. We have shown that the MAE gap acts as the continuation of the outside toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) gap into the island. However, the combined TAE/MAE gap is getting narrower as the island grows, leaving only half of its original width with a moderate island size as much as 3.2% of the minor radius. In addition, the two-dimensional eigenfunction of the continuum mode on the lower tip of the MAE gap now has highly localised structures around the island’s long axis, contrary to the usual oscillatory global solutions found with no or a low level of toroidal asymmetry—an indication of the continuous spectrum becoming discrete and dense. These results have implications for the frequency, mode structure and continuum damping of global TAEs residing in the gap.
Electric charge build-up and dissipation at pulsed streamer corona by EFISH and probe measurements
Authors: Elliott Skye , Dogariu Arthur , Coates Celia , Leonov Sergey B
Published: December 2022

This work examines the dynamics of volumetric electric charge deposited by a single pin electrode streamer corona in atmospheric air at ambient conditions. Recent studies show that, at pulse-periodic operation, electric charge remains in surrounding air after the first discharge. This residual charge significantly affects the electric field distribution and morphology of discharges at subsequent pulses. In this study, the residual electrical potential/field was measured during and after dissipation of a pulsed 80 kV streamer corona of alternating polarity. This was accomplished using electrostatic probes and the electric field induced second harmonic method (EFISH generation). The residual volumetric charge of a positive pulse polarity streamer corona occupies a zone of up to 80 mm from the electrode. The subsequent application of a negative polarity pulse leads to partial neutralization of the previous charge and the generation of a region with a high-amplitude electric field. The propagation of following positive polarity pulses is limited by the residual positive volumetric charge. The EFISH method reveals the magnitude of the electric field at discharge propagation and electrostatic probes inform the polarity. Intensified imaging acquisition was used to evaluate the spatial distribution and dynamics of corona discharge during the alternating polarity waveform.
Unsteady Falkner-Skan flow of fractional Maxwell fluid towards a stretched wedge with buoyancy effects
Authors: Bai Yu , Wan Sa , Zhang Yan , Wang Xin
Published: December 2022

The majority of researches for Falkner-Skan flow are dependent on the classical constitutive relations of viscoelastic fluids. Fractional Maxwell fluid model is introduced to depict Falkner-Skan flow innovatively in the paper. Moreover, the momentum equation studying the effects of buoyancy force is established. Analogy to constitutive relevance for fractional Maxwell fluid, fractional derivative is brought in Fourier’s law and Fick’s law. It is worth mentioning that heat source and chemical reaction are discussed. Finite difference method integrated with L1-algorithm is utilized to address the fractional governing equations, whose convergence is verified by constructing an example with accurate solution. Furthermore, the influences of pertinent physical parameters are analyzed diagrammatically. A fascinating phenomenon is discovered that all the velocity profiles initially rise to a maximal value due to the impact of buoyancy force and then decrease to the free flow velocity. Besides, the temperature and concentration distributions first increase slightly while decline significantly, which indicates the thermal relaxation and mass relaxation characteristic of Maxwell fluid.
The Schott energy and the reactive energy in electromagnetic radiation and mutual coupling
Authors: Xiao Gaobiao
Published: December 2022

In the proposed theory for analyzing the electromagnetic radiation and mutual couplings in vacuum, the electromagnetic energy associated with a source is separated into three parts: a Coulomb-velocity energy, a radiative energy and a macroscopic Schott energy. When the sources disappear, the Coulomb-velocity energy disappears simultaneously; a short time later, the total macroscopic Schott energy becomes zero, while the radiative energy keeps propagating and the total radiative energy becomes constant. By applying the Liénard-Wiechert potentials to a moving charge, this paper illustrates that the macroscopic Schott energy corresponds to the Schott energy in the charged particle theory.
Energy conditions in extended f(R, G, T) gravity
Authors: Ilyas M , Ahmad Aftab , Khan Fawad , Wasif M
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we consider the flat FriedmannLematreRobertson-Walker metric in the presence of perfect fluid models and extended f(R, G, T) gravity (where R is the Ricci scalar, G is the Gauss Bonnet invariant and T stands for trace of energy momentum tensor). In this context, we assume some specific realistic f(R, G, T) models configuration that could be used to explore the finite-time future singularities that arise in late-time cosmic accelerating phases. In this scenario, we choose the most recent estimated values for the Hubble, deceleration, snap and jerk parameters to develop the viability and bounds on the models parameters induced by different energy conditions.
Thermal rectification induced by Wenzel–Cassie wetting state transition on nano-structured solid–liquid interfaces
Authors: Li Haiyang , Wang Jun , Xia Guodong
Published: December 2022

Thermal rectification refers to the phenomenon by which the magnitude of the heat flux in one direction is much larger than that in the opposite direction. In this study, we propose to implement the thermal rectification phenomenon in an asymmetric solid–liquid–solid sandwiched system with a nano-structured interface. By using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, the thermal transport through the solid–liquid–solid system is examined, and the thermal rectification phenomenon can be observed. It is revealed that the thermal rectification effect can be attributed to the significant difference in the interfacial thermal resistance between Cassie and Wenzel states when reversing the temperature bias. In addition, effects of the liquid density, solid–liquid bonding strength and nanostructure size on the thermal rectification are examined. The findings may provide a new way for designs of certain thermal devices.
Observation of size-dependent boundary effects in non-Hermitian electric circuits
Authors: Su Luhong , Guo Cui-Xian , Wang Yongliang , Li Li , Ruan Xinhui , Du Yanjing , Chen Shu , Zheng Dongning
Published: December 2022

The non-Hermitian systems with the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) are very sensitive to the imposed boundary conditions and lattice sizes, which lead to size-dependent non-Hermitian skin effects. Here, we report the experimental observation of NHSE with different boundary conditions and different lattice sizes in the unidirectional hopping model based on a circuit platform. The circuit admittance spectra and corresponding eigenstates are very sensitive to the presence of the boundary. Meanwhile, our experimental results show how the lattice sizes and boundary terms together affect the strength of NHSE. Therefore, our electric circuit provides a good platform to observe size-dependent boundary effects in non-Hermitian systems.
Super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for terahertz imaging below diffraction limit
Authors: Wang Ying , Qi Feng , Zhang Zi-Xu , Wang Jin-Kuan
Published: December 2022

Terahertz (THz) imaging has drawn significant attention because THz wave has a unique capability to transient, ultra-wide spectrum and low photon energy. However, the low resolution has always been a problem due to its long wavelength, limiting their application of fields practical use. In this paper, we proposed a complex one-shot super-resolution (COSSR) framework based on a complex convolution neural network to restore superior THz images at 0.35 times wavelength by extracting features directly from a reference measured sample and groundtruth without the measured PSF. Compared with real convolution neural network-based approaches and complex zero-shot super-resolution (CZSSR), COSSR delivers at least 6.67, 0.003, and 6.96% superior higher imaging efficacy in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM), respectively, for the analyzed data. Additionally, the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated to have a good generalization and to perform well on measured data. The COSSR provides a new pathway for THz imaging super-resolution (SR) reconstruction below the diffraction limit.
Parameter dependencies of the separatrix density in low triangularity L-mode and H-mode JET-ILW plasmas
Authors: Lomanowski B. , Rubino G. , Uccello A. , Dunne M. , Vianello N. , Aleiferis S. , Canik J. , Carvalho I. , Corrigan G. , Frassinetti L. , Frigione D. , Garzotti L. , Groth M. , Meigs A. , Maslov M. , von Thun C. Perez , Rimini F. , Schneider P.A. , Sergienko G. , Simpson J. , Van Eester D.
Published: December 2022

The midplane electron separatrix density, n
e,sep, in JET-ILW L-mode and H-mode low triangularity deuterium fuelled plasmas exhibits a strong explicit dependence on the averaged outer divertor target electron temperature, n
e,sep ∼ T
e,ot
−1/2. This dependence is reproduced by analytic reversed two point model (rev-2PM), and arises from parallel pressure balance, as well as the ratio of the power and momentum volumetric loss factors, (1 − f
cooling)/(1 − f
mom-loss). Quantifying the influence of the (1 − f
cooling) and (1 − f
mom-loss) loss factors on n
e,sep has been enabled by measurement estimates of these quantities from L-mode density (fueling) ramps in the outer horizontal, VH(C), and vertical target, VV, divertor configurations. Rev-2PM n
e,sep estimates from the extended H-mode and more limited L-mode datasets are recovered to within ±25% of the measurements, with a scaling factor applied to account for use of

T

e,ot

, an averaged quantity, rather than flux tube resolved target values. Both the (1 − f
cooling) and (1 − f
mom-loss) trends and recovery of n
e,sep using the rev-2PM formatting are reproduced in EDGE2D-EIRENE L-mode-like and H-mode-like density scan simulations. The general lack of a divertor configuration effect in the JET-ILW n
e,sep trends can be attributed to a significant influence of main chamber recycling, which has been shown in the EDGE2D-EIRENE results to moderate n
e,sep with respect to changes in divertor neutral leakage imposed by changes in the divertor configuration. The unified n
e,sep vs

T

e,ot

trends can, however, be broken if large modifications to the divertor geometry (e.g. complete removal of the outer divertor baffle structure) are introduced in the model. The more pronounced high-field side high density region formation in the VH(C) configuration with reduced clearance to the separatrix does not appear to have a significant influence on the outer midplane separatrix and pedestal parameters when mapped to

T

e,ot

, although conditions at the inner midplane could not be assessed.
Characteristics of Impact on the Atmosphere of Perfluorisohexenes - Promising Components of Gas Extinguishing Compositions
Authors: Kopylov S N , Kopylov P S , Eltyshev I P , Begishev I R
Published: December 2022

Ecological properties of perfluorohexenes are studied in the paper. C6F12 atmospheric lifetime of 17.4 days was obtained using one-dimensional photochemical model. It was shown that the substance disappears in the atmosphere due to its reactions mostly with OH radicals. Absorption spectra of C6F12 in the short-wavelength ultraviolet region of 110-200 nm and in the infrared region were calculated using the Gaussian 09 quantum mechanical calculation program. Calculations revealed that C6F12 has significant absorption in the infrared region but due to short atmospheric lifetime of this substance its global warming potential GWP is as low as 28.64. Ozone depleting potential (ODP) of perfluoroisohexenes is equal to zero due to short chain length for the chain processes of ozone destruction involving fluorine atoms. Thus, perfluoroisohexenes with their zero ODP, short atmospheric lifetime and low GWP meet all modern environmental requirements and can be considered as effective substitutes for high-GWP HFCs in fire suppression.
Experimental methods for studying heat transfer in cable penetrations in case of fire
Authors: Khasanov I R , Varlamkin A A
Published: December 2022

An experimental technique for studying the processes of heat transfer in cable penetrations under the thermal effects of fire is proposed. To study the influence of the design of cable penetrations on cable heating processes, three most common types of penetrations were selected. New experimental data on the dependence of the temperature of the structural elements of the cable and the penetration on time have been obtained. It is shown that the conductive core of the cable is the main element involved in the propagation of heat. The presence of an air space or a material that promotes intensive heat exchange in the cable penetration design leads to an increase in its fire resistance limit. It is determined that the cable penetration with the filling of the internal space with fire-fighting foam based on polyurethane foam is most susceptible to rapid heating and loss of fire resistance. Studies have shown that when assessing the fire resistance limits of cable penetrations, it is necessary to take into account the thermophysical characteristics of cables, their number, as well as the design features of cable penetrations.
Modeling of thermal impact on the building facade structures in case of flame ejection through a window
Authors: Lobova S F , Petrova N V , Gaidukevich A E
Published: December 2022

The results of experimental studies to determine the thermal impact on the facade of a building when a flame is ejected through a window opening are analyzed. The dependence of the change in the shape and power of the external torch on the geometric parameters of the opening and the room of the hearth, the type of fire load and the climatic features of the area has been established. An example of the application of field modeling of the thermal effect of an external torch on the structure of the facade of a building in the event of a glazing failure in a fire seat is given. The main problems of setting a physical problem in the computational environment and ways of solving them during field modeling in the framework of assessing the influence of the type of construction of the interfloor belt on the level of thermal exposure in case of fire are formulated.
Parameters of surface standing waves in fluidized bed apparat with different diameter
Authors: Ershov M I , Tuponogov V G , Abaimov N A , Ryzhkov A F
Published: December 2022

Regarding medium- and low-temperature processes of heterogeneous heterophase interaction in the units for cleaning from pollutants and trapping CO2, the analogy of the behavior of standing surface waves of an ideal liquid with oscillations of the surface of a fluidized bed is considered. Waves on the surface of a fluidized bed are formed when gas bubbles leave it and are one of the elements of the mechanism of self-sustained fluctuations of the entire mass of the bed. The frequency modes of the surface waves correspond to the main modes in the spectra of pressure fluctuations in the bed and depend on its geometry. The fluctuations of a bubble three-dimensional fluidized bed in apparatuses of different sizes are numerically simulated in a high-performance parallel computing mode using the Ansys Fluent program. Comparison of analytical calculations for fluid oscillations in a vessel with the results of numerical simulation of a fluidized bed and experimental data on the frequency of the emergence of bubbles and modes of surface waves is carried out.
Spark transfer in forest fires and their localization using aviation
Authors: Kopylov N P , Khasanov I R , Kuznetsov A E , Yu Sushkina E
Published: December 2022

The results of modelling of spark transfer as one of the most powerful factors influencing forest fire propagation are discussed in the paper. It is shown that this process depends on many factors such as the type and intensity of the fire, characteristics of forest vegetation, wind speed, size, mass and shape of burning particles, duration of their burning and terrain. The accuracy of the description of this process by mathematical methods depends on the degree of consideration of various factors affecting the transfer of burning particles. The developed mathematical models and the techniques created on their basis make it possible to assess the range of transport of burning particles and predict the risks of the occurrence and spread of fire including affecting settlements and objects. In particular, the obtained numerical values of the casting range of burning elements in forest fires allow correct determination of the size of the barrier strips near settlements and objects located in forests.
The organization and field experimentation studies of wildfires. Experience and practice
Authors: Loboda E L , Kasymov D P , Agafontsev M V , Reyno V V
Published: December 2022

The paper gives an overview of experiments on the study of natural fires, carried out by the staff of the Department of Physical and Computational Mechanics of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of TSU. A number of recommendations for safe conduct of experiments are given, the requirements for measuring equipment and its use in conducting firefighting activities are indicated. It is noted that for the early detection of fires, it is best to use measuring equipment that allows you to estimate the number and size of aerosol particles in the air. To register meteorological parameters should be used ultrasonic weather stations, allowing to register the various components of flow velocity and some characteristics of turbulence.
European heatwave tracks: using causal discovery to detect recurring pathways in a single-regional climate model large ensemble
Authors: Böhnisch A , Felsche E , Ludwig R
Published: December 2022

Summer heatwaves repeatedly affect extended regions in Europe, resulting in adverse economic, social, and ecological impacts. Recent events, e.g. the 2022 heatwave, also attract interest regarding the spatial shifts of their impact centers. Evaluations so far either investigated heatwave passages at pre-defined locations or employed algorithms to spatio-temporally track their core regions. Usually, the latter focus on single events, and thus often fail to generalize spatial heatwave tracks or ignore track characteristics. Here, we use a data-driven approach employing causal discovery to robustly characterize European heatwave tracks in single-model initial condition large ensemble (SMILE) climate simulations to overcome sampling uncertainties of observational records. This enables us to identify specific recurrent heatwave tracks, evaluate their preferential seasonal occurrence, and associate them with moving high pressure centers. Additionally, the evaluation of heatwave track representation in the SMILE extends standard model evaluation, which is mostly based on static statistics. We provide the first comprehensive analysis on heatwave tracks considering internal climate variability conducted within a SMILE, promoting the latter as a methodological testbed in climate extremes research.
Amplification and storage of light carrying orbital angular momentum via magnetically assisted gain in cold atoms
Authors: Moreira R S N , de Aquino Carvalho J C , Tabosa J W R
Published: December 2022

We report on the amplification and the storage of a light vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in an ensemble of cold cesium atoms in the presence of an external transverse magnetic field. This magnetically assisted optical gain was previously reported in a recent publication and originates from the manipulation of the induced dark state by the external magnetic field. Single pass optical gain exceeding

100

% was measured for beams with different topological charges. Furthermore, we also demonstrate the storage and retrieval of the vortex beams, showing that the amplification and the storage processes preserve the coherent nature of the optical vortex. A simple theoretical model based on density matrix numeric calculation and which accounts for the presence of the external magnetic field was developed and present qualitative agreement with the observed results. Owing to the recent proposal of using light carrying OAM for efficient data transmission systems, we believe our results could find application in communications protocols involving distant nodes.
Relationship Between White-Coat Effect and Blood Pressure Variability in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Xu Jin-hong , Lin Jin-xiu , Zheng Xiao-rong
Published: December 2022

Background

To investigate the incidence of white-coat effect (WCE) and to analyze the relationship between WCE and blood pressure (BP) variability in essential hypertension (EH).

Methods

A total of 410 patients with grade 1 and 2 EH voluntarily participated in this study. BP was self-measured at home for 1 week. Based on home and office BP, the untreated subjects were divided into white-coat hypertension (WCH, n = 38) and sustained hypertension (SHT, n = 66). The treated subjects were grouped into sustained controlled hypertension (SCH, n = 131), white-coat uncontrolled hypertension (WCUH, n = 95), masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH, n = 16), and sustained uncontrolled hypertension (SUCH, n = 64). A subgroup analysis was performed in the treatment hypertensives whose diagnosis based on BP inside and outside the clinic.

Results

WCH and WCUH patients accounted for 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 27.2%–45.8%) and 31.0% (95% CI 25.8%–36.2%), respectively, in this population while only accounted for 21.7% (95% CI 14.5%–28.9%) in hypertensives whose diagnosis based on office BP and out-of-office BP, which was significantly lower than that based on office BP alone (34.5%). The WCE, that was, the difference between office and home BP, in the WCH patients was significantly higher than SHT patients (P < 0.05), and stronger in the WUCH group compared with SCH and SUCH groups (P < 0.05). Home systolic BP variability exhibited decreasing trends in the WCH and WUCH patients compared with SHT and SUCH patients.

Conclusions

The incidences of WCH and WUCH are high in grade 1 and 2 hypertensive patients. However, the incidence of WUCH decreases in treated patients diagnosed with office and out-of-office BP. Relative to other patients, WCH and WUCH patients exhibit stronger WCE and a decreasing trend of BP variability.
A Rapid Review of Reflective Supervision in Social Work
Authors: Ravalier Jermaine M , Wegrzynek Paulina , Mitchell Annabel , McGowan John , Mcfadden Paula , Bald Caroline
Published: December 2022

Reflective supervision (RS) is a crucial component of social work practice but little is known about how RS works within the UK context and what the outcomes of RS are for social workers and their service users. A rapid literature review comprised searching four databases for academic and grey literature on the topic of social work RS. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the University College London’s literature assessment method were employed in an expedited quality appraisal for all included papers. Twenty-seven papers were included. Findings suggest that a supportive, available manager or a peer-group enables reflective practice. Regularity of supervisory sessions and acknowledgement of a social worker’s autonomy are seen as enablers of reflexivity. In contrast, task-oriented approach that is overly focused on accountability and hindered by the sparsity of resources proves problematic for both social workers and service users. Whilst theoretical papers were available, RS was not defined in a uniform fashion and there was limited evidence pertaining to supervisory practice. More research focusing on what works and what improvements are needed in RS, including adopting a participatory approach would help to bridge this gap and further inform policy and practice.
Variants in CLDN5 cause a syndrome characterized by seizures, microcephaly and brain calcifications
Authors: Deshwar Ashish R , Cytrynbaum Cheryl , Murthy Harsha , Zon Jessica , Chitayat David , Volpatti Jonathan , Newbury-Ecob Ruth , Ellard Sian , Allen Hana Lango , Yu Emily P , Noche Ramil , Walker Suzi , Scherer Stephen W , Mahida Sonal , Elitt Christopher M , Nicolas Gaël , Goldenberg Alice , Saugier-Veber Pascale , Lecoquierre Francois , Dabaj Ivana , Meddaugh Hannah , Marble Michael , Keppler-Noreuil Kim M , Drayson Lucy , Barañano Kristin W , Chassevent Anna , Agre Katie , Létard Pascaline , Bilan Frederic , Le Guyader Gwenaël , Laquerrière Annie , Ramsey Keri , Henderson Lindsay , Brady Lauren , Tarnopolsky Mark , Bainbridge Matthew , Friedman Jennifer , Capri Yline , Athayde Larissa , Kok Fernando , Gurgel-Giannetti Juliana , Ramos Luiza L P , Blaser Susan , Dowling James J , Weksberg Rosanna
Published: December 2022

The blood–brain barrier ensures CNS homeostasis and protection from injury. Claudin-5 (CLDN5), an important component of tight junctions, is critical for the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. We have identified de novo heterozygous missense variants in CLDN5 in 15 unrelated patients who presented with a shared constellation of features including developmental delay, seizures (primarily infantile onset focal epilepsy), microcephaly and a recognizable pattern of pontine atrophy and brain calcifications. All variants clustered in one subregion/domain of the CLDN5 gene and the recurrent variants demonstrate genotype–phenotype correlations. We modelled both patient variants and loss of function alleles in the zebrafish to show that the variants analogous to those in patients probably result in a novel aberrant function in CLDN5. In total, human patient and zebrafish data provide parallel evidence that pathogenic sequence variants in CLDN5 cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder involving disruption of the blood–brain barrier and impaired neuronal function.
HTNV infection induces activation and deficiency of CD8+MAIT cells in HFRS patients
Authors: Zhang Yusi , Wang Meng , Zhang Xiyue , Tang Kang , Zhang Chunmei , Jia Xiaozhou , Hu Haifeng , Liu He , Li Na , Zhuang Ran , Jin Boquan , Ma Ying , Zhang Yun
Published: December 2022

Hantaan virus (HTNV) infection causes an epidemic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) mainly in Asia. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T lymphocytes known to play an important role in innate host defense during virus infection. However, their roles and phenotypes during HTNV infection have not yet been explored. We characterized CD8+MAIT cells from HFRS patients based on scRNA-seq data combined with flow cytometry data. We showed that HTNV infection caused the loss and activation of CD8+MAIT cells in the peripheral blood, which were correlated with disease severity. The production of granzyme B and IFN-γ from CD8+MAIT cells and the limitation of HTNV replication in endothelia cells indicated the anti-viral property of CD8+MAIT cells. In addition, in vitro infection of MAIT cells by HTNV or HTNV-exposed monocytes showed that the activation of MAIT cells was IL-18 mediated. In conclusion, this study identified, for the first time, gene expression profiles of MAIT cells, provided underlying molecular mechanisms for activation of MAIT cells during HTNV infection, and suggested a potential anti-viral role of MAIT cells in HFRS.
Specific clinical vignettes in high-risk protected percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Panoulas Vasileios , Tan Sian-Tsung , Hill Jonathan , Tarantini Giuseppe
Published: December 2022

There are several cardiac- and patient-related factors that come into play when considering patients for protected percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Cardiac factors include complexity/location of coronary lesions, the degree of left or right ventricular impairment, the presence of valvular lesions, and ventricular arrhythmias. Patient related factors include comorbidities that would render the patient at a higher risk of death should cardiogenic shock ensue during the procedure. Comorbidities include chronic lung disease (chronic obstructive airways disease, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis), renal or liver impairment, other cardiovascular diseases (such as previous cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease, carotid stenosis), diabetes, frailty and advanced age. Here, we present three very different cases where left ventricular support was deemed appropriate to reduce peri-procedural risk and optimize outcomes.
Chitosan-modified fluorescent dye for simple, fast, and in-situ measurement of fungal cell growth in the presence of insoluble compounds
Authors: Yang Zihuayuan , Hu Xin , Zhang Funing , Durrani Samran , Zhang Jie , Pang Ai-Ping , Gao Yichen , Wu Fu-Gen , Lin Fengming
Published: December 2022

The measurement of fungal cell growth in submerged culture systems containing insoluble compounds is essential yet difficult due to the interferences from the insoluble compounds like biopolymers. Here, we developed a fluorescent strategy based on chitosan-modified fluorescein isothiocyanate (GC-FITC) to monitor the cell growth of lignocellulosic fungi cultivated on biopolymers. GC-FITC could stain only lignocellulosic fungi (Tricoderma reesei, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus nidulans, and Neurospora crassa), but not biopolymers (cellulose, xylan, pectin, or lignin), excluding the interferences from these insoluble biopolymer. Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the fluorescence intensity of GC-FITC absorbed by lignocellulosic fungi and the biomass of lignocellulosic fungi. Therefore, GC-FITC was leveraged to monitor the cell growth of lignocellulosic fungi when using biopolymers like cellulose as the carbon sources, which is faster, more convenient, time-saving, and cost-effective than the existing methods using protein/DNA content measurement. GC-FITC offers a powerful tool to detect fungal growth in culture systems with insoluble materials.
Determination of the viscoelastic parameters for the generalized viscoelastic wave equation
Authors: Xu Qiang , Wang Yanghua
Published: December 2022

The viscoelasticity of subsurface media is succinctly represented in the generalized wave equation by a fractional time derivative. This generalized viscoelastic wave equation is characterized by the viscoelastic parameter and the viscoelastic velocity, but these parameters are not well formulated and therefore unfavourable for seismic implementation. Here, we prove that the generalized wave equation is causal and stable by deriving the rate-of-relaxation function. Causality and stability are two necessary conditions for the applicability of the wave equation in seismic simulations. On this basis, we determine the physical parameters for the application of the generalized wave equation. First, we formulate the relationship between the viscoelastic parameter and the constant Q model. The proposed frequency-independent relation agrees with the theoretical solution and fits the field data. Then, we formulate the viscoelastic velocity in terms of the reference velocity and the viscoelastic parameter. These two formulations adequately represent the viscoelastic effect in seismic wave propagation and lead to an improvement in the accuracy of the numerical simulation of the generalized viscoelastic wave equation.