bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Secondary bilateral parkinsonism and dystonia treated with dronabinol
Authors: Szejko Natalia , Burger Florian , Sidoroff Victoria , Wenning Gregor K.
Published: September 2020

Drug abuse may damage basal ganglia that are essential for planning and execution of movements. We report a 38-year old patient with ischemic lesions of the basal ganglia presenting with bilateral painful dystonia and parkinsonism caused by polyintoxication. Dronabinol resulted in improvement of pain and gait disturbance, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy in these challenging patients.
Fishburne sequences for decision making in Economics
Authors: Sigal Anatoliy , Remesnik Elena
Published: September 2020

The monograph is devoted to the application of the Fishburne formula and their generalizations, Fishburne sequences, in Economics, primarily for correct modeling of management decision-making processes in the field of various information situations. In addition, the monograph summarizes the necessary information about classical sequences of natural numbers, information from entropy theory, economic risk theory, game theory, and statistical solutions. The monograph completes the authors ' research on the application of Fishburne sequences in Economics and management, and contains a number of provisions and scientific results that have not been published before.
It will be useful for practitioners, managers, specialists in economic and mathematical modeling, scientists, teachers, graduate students, and students.
The Study and Mapping of Spatial Distribution for Technogenic Electromagnetic Fields with Power Frequency at Moscow Certain Areas
Authors: Sturman V. , Loginovskaya A.
Published: September 2020

A study on the spatial distribution of values of industrial frequency (50 Hz) magnetic induction has showed that the largest values were common for dense historical development of Moscow central part, and the minimum ones –for recreational zones and public squares. Increased values have been identified in the areas of mid-rise development of 1950-1960 and reflect incomplete compliance of wiring in houses of this type with loads due to modern household appliances. Many-storeyed houses, both built in 1950s and the modern ones, are more trouble-free in this regard. No exceedances of the operative hygienic standards for magnetic induction have been noted. However, values exceeding the approximate safety level of 400 nT in Moscow are found mainly in places exposed to underground feed cables. The value of magnetic induction can be considered as an indicator of the total man-made load on the territory (geo-indicator), and a convenient object of measurement and display on maps by means of isolines, that is reflected on schematic maps.
EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMMANDS FOR IMPLEMENTING UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO THE HYPERVISOR THROUGH A VM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC METHODS
Authors: Zmeev A.
Published: September 2020

This article describes an approach to using fuzzy logic methods and forming membership functions for criteria of connectivity between the significance of commands and the possibility of unauthorized access to its implementation. Relevant parameters for implementing unauthorized access through a vm or physical network to the hypervisor can be identified based on a specific set of commands, functions, instructions, procedures, utilities, or their parameters, as well as other information about software or hardware, knowledge of which allows the violator to implement each of the current threats of unauthorized access to the hypervisor. Therefore, to assess the relationship between the significance of commands for implementing unauthorized access through a vm to the hypervisor due to the presence of only qualitative evaluation parameters and the absence of their quantitative evaluations, this article offers an evaluation based on fuzzy logic methods implemented as membership functions in MATLAB.
ANALYSIS OF AN EXPERIMENT TO CREATE CURRENT-CARRYING DEVICES FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS
Authors: Yur'ev Nikita , Lavlinskiy V. , Bokareva Nadezhda
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the properties of conductive inks and substrates for their application. Experimental data reflecting the relationship between the chemical composition and physical properties of the ink solution are shown. The properties of electrical conductivity and ease of application to the substrate are described. This article presents a combination of filler and binder solutions in conjunction with the production technology of conductive ink. The advantages and disadvantages of various combinations of solutions and their application for further three-dimensional formation of boards are evaluated. The article describes the behavior of polymer solutions for use in existing three-dimensional printing technologies.
DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR APPLYING CONDUCTIVE TRACKS ON A PAPER BACKING
Authors: Yur'ev Nikita , Lavlinskiy V. , Bokareva Nadezhda
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the description of the technology of applying a conductive material by a layer-by-layer deposition method to a paper substrate.The material application method is "cold", i.e. the extruder operates at room temperature. However, in order to increase the printing speed, the printer is equipped with a heated plate with a maximum heating temperature of 120 degrees Celsius's. The description of the application method contains a mathematical description of the processes that occur during the application process. The possibility of applying the material and the accuracy of the line width depending on the speed of the print head are evaluated. This article provides a calculation of the mechanical parameters of the extruder components to determine the required resolution and accuracy of the feed.The article describes the method of application, the temperature of the environment 20 +/- 3 hail-sa Celsius.
Atribuições de Causalidade pela Infecção por HIV
Authors: Azevedo Fernando Martins de , Almeida Segundo Damião Soares de , Feijó Marina , Nardi Henrique Caetano , Costa Angelo Brandelli
Published: September 2020

A prevalência de HIV acomete significativamente a população brasileira. Os homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) e as mulheres trans são afetados desproporcionalmente pela epidemia. Evidências indicam maiores atribuições de culpa, controle e responsabilidade para pessoas que se infectam por HIV em situações de sexo desprotegido, especialmente homossexuais. Portanto, o presente estudo experimental buscou testar de que forma estudantes e profissionais da área da saúde atribuem culpa, controle e responsabilidade pela infecção por HIV. A amostra foi composta por estudantes e profissionais do município de Porto Alegre. As/os participantes do estudo foram alocadas/os randomicamente em seis cenários, que mostravam uma infecção por HIV via sexo desprotegido ou via transfusão de sangue, sendo que a identidade da pessoa da cena varia entre homem heterossexual, homem homossexual e mulher trans. Os resultados indicaram maiores atribuições de controle, culpa e responsabilidade para o homem homossexual e para a mulher trans, somente no cenário "sexo desprotegido".
Atendimento a Mulheres em Situação de Violência: A Experiência de Profissionais de um Creas
Authors: Incerpe Patrícia Regina Bueno , Cury Vera Engler
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa de natureza fenomenológica que objetivou compreender a experiência de profissionais no atendimento a mulheres em situação de violência em um Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS). Foram realizados encontros dialógicos individuais com duas psicólogas e quatro assistentes sociais. Após cada encontro, a pesquisadora redigiu uma narrativa compreensiva e em seguida, elaborou uma narrativa síntese contendo os seguintes elementos significativos da experiência como um todo: (1) as participantes percebem que alguns profissionais da rede de atenção à mulher reproduzem atitudes preconceituosas que contribuem para a vitimização das usuárias; (2) em função de não se sentirem protagonistas na tomada de decisão por parte da instituição, sentem-se frustradas e impotentes; (3) elas desenvolvem atitudes de empatia e identificam-se com as histórias vividas pelas usuárias e (4) nos atendimentos às mulheres, sentem-se solitárias em função da rede de assistência não se mostrar efetiva na prática; ainda assim valorizam o trabalho que desenvolvem. Ressalta-se a importância de pesquisas que integrem dados sobre a experiência de profissionais, usuárias e dos autores de violência, nas instituições que compõem a rede de assistência à mulher possibilitando a superação dos problemas apontados e o aperfeiçoamento das políticas públicas.
Análise Comparativa de Estudos sobre Bem-Estar Subjetivo no Brasil: Aspectos Epistemológicos, Metodológicos e Teóricos
Authors: Medeiros Lucélia Kelly Alencar de , Martins Remerson Russel
Published: September 2020

Por meio do conceito do bem-estar subjetivo a ciência tem investigado a felicidade, testando modelos teóricos, levantando evidências empíricas e apontando um caminho para o estudo científico de um fenômeno caracterizado pela subjetividade. O objetivo desse artigo é analisar crítica e comparativamente as dimensões epistemológicas e metodológicas adotadas nas pesquisas nacionais sobre o bem-estar subjetivo, assim como avaliar de que forma esse construto é conceituado e trabalhado nessas pesquisas. Para essa finalidade realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura no Portal de Periódicos Capes, utilizando o descritor em língua portuguesa "bem-estar subjetivo". Observou-se o predomínio de pesquisas com abordagem quantitativa em uma construção epistemológica, prezando pela objetividade do conhecimento sobre o bem-estar subjetivo. Assim como delineamentos metodológicos marcados pela exploração nomológica das teorias e interpretação indutivo-estatística dos resultados.
A Licenciatura em Psicologia na Década de 1960: Um estudo do Caso do Curso da UFMG
Authors: Turci Deolinda Armani , Cirino Sérgio Dias , Lourenço Érika
Published: September 2020

No intuito de compreendermos o lugar da licenciatura na formação de psicólogos, logo após a Lei nº 4119/62, este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso sobre a inserção da licenciatura no curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) durante a década de 1960 e suas contribuições para os ex-alunos, ingressantes nesse período. O estudo historiográfico é fruto de pesquisa de doutorado e utiliza como procedimento metodológico a análise de fontes primárias e entrevistas com ex-alunos. Os resultados demonstraram que a licenciatura em Psicologia foi inserida no curso da UFMG desde a primeira turma de entrada de alunos de 1963 e ofertada no formato de cumprimento obrigatório para todos os alunos daquele ano. Em 1965, a licenciatura tornou-se uma formação opcional e, a partir de então, cada vez menos alunos passaram a optar por ela. Os entrevistados confirmaram os dados obtidos na análise documental relativos ao funcionamento da modalidade e apontaram os aspectos metodológicos aprendidos durante a licenciatura como as principais contribuições para suas formações profissionais. Esperamos que a pesquisa contribua com as reflexões sobre a oferta da licenciatura na formação dos psicólogos brasileiros e com os estudos históricos sobre a Psicologia no Brasil.
Role of scattering by surface roughness in the photoacoustic detection
of hidden micro-structures
Authors: Verrina Vanessa , Edward Stephen , Zhang Hao , Antoncecchi Alessandro , Witte Stefan , Planken Paul
Published: September 2020

We present an experimental study in which we compare two different
pump–probe setups to generate and detect high-frequency laser-induced
ultrasound for the detection of gratings buried underneath optically
opaque metal layers. One system is built around a high-fluence,
low-repetition-rate femtosecond laser (1 kHz) and the other around a
low-fluence, high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser (5.1 MHz). We find
that the signal diffracted by the acoustic replica of the grating as a
function of pump–probe time delay is very different for the two setups
used. We attribute this difference to the presence of a constant
background field due to optical scattering by interface roughness. In
the low-fluence setup, the optical field diffracted by the acoustic
replica is significantly weaker than the background optical field,
with which it can destructively or constructively interfere. For the
right phase difference between the optical fields, this can lead to a
significant “amplification” of the weak field diffracted off the
grating-shaped acoustic waves. For the high-fluence system, the
situation is reversed because the field diffracted off the
acoustic-wave-induced grating is significantly larger than the
background optical field. Our measurements show that optical
scattering by interface roughness must be taken into account to
properly explain experiments on laser-induced ultrasound performed
with high-repetition-rate laser systems and can be used to enhance
signal strength.
High-speed scanning chromatic confocal sensor for 3-D imaging with modeling-free learning control
Authors: Ito Shingo , Poik Mathias , Csencsics Ernst , Schlarp Johannes , Schitter Georg
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a scanning system that integrates a chromatic
confocal displacement sensor for topography measurement of a surface.
To take an advantage of its compactness and reliability, an
off-the-shelf chromatic confocal displacement sensor is integrated.
Instead of moving the sensor, a galvanometer scanner reflects the
optical point to increase the scan speed, and fast and accurate
scanning motion is realized by learning without a model. The resulting
images are corrected based on a geometric model to compensate for
image distortion.
Closed-loop laser illumination algorithm using return photon counts
Authors: Li Lanlan , Zhou Lei , Ren Ge
Published: September 2020

Boresight and jitter are two fundamental pointing errors of laser illumination systems. A triangular-scanning algorithm is proposed to estimate the direction of the boresight via a three-step maximum boresight estimation and laser beam deflection procedure. On this basis, the closed-loop laser illumination (CLLI) for non-cooperative targets is realized, and the Cramer–Rao lower bounds (CRLB) performance in the lower limit of the pointing error is analyzed. Additionally, a Monte Carlo simulation system is built, and the performance of the CLLI algorithm is analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that the triangular-scanning algorithm has good performance and can accurately estimate the direction of the boresight to achieve CLLI. Further study shows that the simulation results agree well with theoretical estimations and approximate the CRLB at the lower limit.
Ultra-low phase-noise photonic terahertz imaging system based on two-tone square-law detection
Authors: Dülme Sebastian , Steeg Matthias , Mohammad Israa , Schrinski Nils , Tebart Jonas , Stöhr Andreas
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate a phase-sensitive photonic terahertz imaging system, based on two-tone square-law detection with a record-low phase noise. The system comprises a high-frequency photodiode (PD) for THz generation and a square-law detector (SLD) for THz detection. Two terahertz of approximately 300 GHz tones, separated by an intermediate frequency (IF) (7 GHz–15 GHz), are generated in the PD by optical heterodyning and radiated into free-space. After transmission through a device-under-test, the two-tones are self-mixed inside the SLD. The mixing results in an IF-signal, which still contains the phase information of the terahertz tones. To achieve ultra-low phase-noise, we developed a new mixing scheme using a reference PD and a low-frequency electrical local oscillator (LO) to get rid of additional phase-noise terms. In combination with a second reference PD, the output signal of the SLD can be down-converted to the kHz region to realize lock-in detection with ultra-low phase noise. The evaluation of the phase-noise shows the to-date lowest reported value of phase deviation in a frequency domain photonic terahertz imaging and spectroscopy system of 0.034°. Consequently, we also attain a low minimum detectable path difference of 2 µm for a terahertz difference frequency of 15 GHz. This is in the same range as in coherent single-tone THz systems. At the same time, it lacks their complexity and restrictions caused by the necessary optical LOs, photoconductive antennas, temperature control and delay lines.
Self-reconstruction of twisted Laguerre-Gaussian Schell-model beams partially blocked by an opaque obstacle
Authors: Peng Xiaofeng , Wang Haiyun , Liu Lin , Wang Fei , Popov Sergei , Cai Yangjian
Published: September 2020

Twisted Laguerre-Gaussian Schell model (TLGSM) beams are a novel type of partially coherent beams, which carry the twist phase and the vortex phase simultaneously. In this paper, the self-reconstruction (SR) of the TLGSM beam partially blocked by an opaque obstacle and propagating through a thin lens focusing system is studied in detail. Implementing the pseudo-mode expansion method, we represent the TLGSM beam as a superposition of spatially coherent modes, which is applicable for calculating the cross spectral density (CSD) and spectral degree of coherence (SDOC) of such a beam using the Fourier transform. The numerical results reveal that the twist parameter, a measure of the strength of a twist phase, determines the characteristics of the SR. In the case of the topological charge of the vortex is positive, the SR capability of spectral density is significantly improved with the increase of the twist parameter. The physical mechanism behind these phenomena is analyzed in detail from the point view of mode expansion. Further, the dependence of the side ring intensity and SR capability of the SDOC on the twist parameter are also investigated. It is found that the SR capability and side ring intensity of the SDOC are simultaneously enhanced for a large twist parameter, providing an efficient way to determine the number of topological charge. Our study results may find application in communication and information recovery applications.
Ultra-compact and low-loss silicon polarization beam splitter using a particle-swarm-optimized counter-tapered coupler
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Zhang Bohao , Wang Pengjun , Dai Shixun , Liang Wei , Li Hongxiang , Fu Qiang , Li Jun , Li Yan , Dai Tingge , Yu Hui , Yang Jianyi
Published: September 2020

In this paper, an on-chip silicon polarization beam splitter using a particle-swarm-optimized counter-tapered directional coupler is proposed, designed, and fabricated. The coupling length of the proposed device is only 5 µm. As the waveguide width variation ΔW increases from −20 to 20 nm, the simulated polarization extinction ratio larger than 18.67 dB and the corresponding insertion loss lower than 0.17 dB are achieved. Measured experimental results achieved insertion loss <0.50 dB, TE polarization extinction between 16.68 to 31.87 dB, TM polarization extinction between 17.78 to 31.13 dB, over the wavelength range 1525 to 1600 nm.
Resolution enhanced photothermal imaging by high-order correlation
Authors: Sunian Xiaobing , Liu Wei , Chen Lei , Zhou Zhihao , Shen Dongyi , Liu Yuehan , Wan Wenjie
Published: September 2020

Laser scanning photothermal imaging offers a powerful non-destructive testing tool to visualize subsurface structures of opaque materials, but it suffers the resolution limit imposed by thermal diffusion. To overcome this physical obstacle, a tightly focused excitation beam with a high repetition rate is usually used to improve the spatial resolution. Here, we demonstrate that the resolution of photothermal imaging could be enhanced using the high-order correlation imaging method inspired by correlated optical imaging. By carefully designing the laser scanning and modulation behavior, we can individually control the statistical properties of isolated hotspots induced by lasers. Imaging reconstructions of subsurface structures are performed afterward by reading out time-fluctuated thermal images. Moreover, the resolution can be further enhanced by using the high-order correlation, which enables a new way for highly resolved thermal imaging and metrology applications.
Fiber laser system for standoff coherent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Vicentini Edoardo , Gambetta Alessio , Galzerano Gianluca , Laporta Paolo , Curtis Kelly , McEwan Kenneth , Howle Christopher R. , Coluccelli Nicola
Published: September 2020

A fiber laser system for standoff detection of chemical and biological species by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is presented. The system is based on an ytterbium fiber laser and a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for generation of broadband pump/Stokes pulses. High-resolution Raman spectra encompassing the fingerprint region (

600
−
1600

c
m

−
1

) are obtained for toluene, and two simulants of chemical and biological warfare agents, specifically dimethyl methylphosphonate and sodium dipicolinate. The system is operated at standoff distances of 2 m and integration times of 8 ms. The fiber technology makes the approach suitable for implementation as a compact standoff detection and identification system.
Spectral compression using time-varying cavities
Authors: Myilswamy Karthik V. , Weiner Andrew M.
Published: September 2020

Spectral compression will be needed for efficient interfacing of broadband photons with narrowband quantum memories for applications in quantum information and networking. In this Letter, we propose spectral compression via a time-varying, linear optical cavity. Unlike other recent works on time-varying cavities based on modulation of the intracavity phase, our spectral compression concept is based on rapid switching of coupling into the cavity. We analyze spectral compression performance metrics as a function of mirror reflectivity, cavity loss, and switching speed and discuss potential implementation in integrated photonics.
Single-photon stored-light Ramsey interferometry using Rydberg polaritons
Authors: Jiao Yuechun , Spong Nicholas L. R. , Hughes Oliver D. W. , So Chloe , Ilieva Teodora , Weatherill Kevin J. , Adams Charles S.
Published: September 2020

We demonstrate a single-photon stored-light interferometer, where a photon is stored in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble in the form of a Rydberg polariton with a spatial extent of

10
×
1
×
1

µ

m

3

. The photon is subject to a Ramsey sequence, i.e., “split” into a superposition of two paths. After a delay of up to 450 ns, the two paths are recombined to give an output dependent on their relative phase. The superposition time of 450 ns is equivalent to a free-space propagation distance of 135 m. We show that the interferometer fringes are sensitive to external fields and suggest that stored-light interferometry could be useful for localized sensing applications.
A flexible numerical calculation method of angular spectrum based on matrix product
Authors: Zhao Wanli , Wei Chenlu , Yuan Caojin , Chang Chenliang , Ma Jun , Zhu Rihong
Published: September 2020

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is the most commonly used mathematical method in numerical calculation, and the FFT-based angular spectrum method (ASM) is also used widely in diffraction calculation. However, the frequency and spatial sampling rules in FFT limit the effective propagation distance and the observation window range of ASM. A novel method for calculating the angular spectrum based on the matrix product is proposed in this Letter. This method realizes the fast calculation of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based on the matrix product, in which the sampling matrix is orthogonally decomposed into two vectors. Instead of FFT, angular spectrum diffraction calculation is carried out based on the matrix product, which is named the matrix product ASM. The method in this Letter uses a simple mathematical transformation to achieve maximum compression of the sampling interval in the frequency domain, which significantly increases the effective propagation distance of the angular spectrum. Additionally, the size of the observation window can be enlarged to obtain a wider calculation range by changing the spatial sampling of the output plane.
Low-noise high-order Raman fiber laser pumped by random lasing
Authors: Han Bing , Rao Yunjiang , Wu Han , Yao Jiazhen , Guan Hongjian , Ma Rui , Wang Zinan
Published: September 2020

Raman fiber lasers (RFLs) have been widely utilized in long-haul optical transmission systems as pump sources for distributed Raman amplification (DRA) to increase transmission distance and capacity. However, RFLs with relatively large temporal intensity fluctuations would deteriorate signal quality due to the transfer of relative intensity noise (RIN). In this Letter, a low-noise high-order RFL common cavity pumped by an ytterbium-doped random fiber laser (YRFL) is proposed and demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Stable 4th-order random Raman lasing operating at 1365 nm is generated with 8.9 W of output power, without use of a multi-stage master oscillation power amplification system. Thanks to the YRFL common-cavity pumping where a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM)-assisted fiber–loop mirror is used to generate stable 1090 nm ytterbium-doped random lasing and cascaded random Raman lasing simultaneously, the RIN of the 1365 nm RFL is suppressed as low as

−

120

d
B

/

H
z

without any peak over a 0–100 MHz span. Furthermore, the output power and lasing wavelength of this RFL can be flexibly tuned by adjusting the laser diode pump power, high-reflectivity fiber Bragg grating center wavelength, and single-mode fiber length. Hence, such a low-noise high-order RFL paves a way for the development of novel tunable RFLs with stable temporal output, leading to potential replacement of conventional RFLs for DRA in long-haul optical transmission systems to achieve better performances.
Optical properties of organic neodymium complex doped optical waveguides based on the intramolecular energy transfer effect
Authors: Zhan Hong , Zhang Jing , Fan Wang , Zhang Baoping , Ying Leiying , Xie Guohua , Lin Zhensheng , Chen Haosheng , Long Hao , Zheng Zhongming , Zheng Zhiwei , Xu Hui , Zhang Dan
Published: September 2020

We report a method of using neodymium complexes as active waveguide core materials to achieve optical gain at the 1060 nm wavelength when using an LED instead of an 808 nm semiconductor laser as the pump source. Through the intramolecular energy transfer mechanism between ligands and Nd3+ ions, the photoluminescence spectrum could be obtained on a 100µm thick film of neodymium complex doped PMMA polymer under excitation of a 380 nm-450 nm LED. We also present calculations showing that the pump power required to generate optical gain (turn-on power) for a LED and 808 nm laser is 3.3 mW and 40 mW, respectively. An optical gain of about 6 dB can be obtained on a 20-mm-long waveguide when pumped by a 25 mW LED compared with that of about 1.4 dB excited by a 60 mW 808 nm semiconductor laser.
Experimental realization of continuous-time quantum walks on directed graphs and their application in PageRank
Authors: Wang Kunkun , Shi Yuhao , Xiao Lei , Wang Jingbo , Joglekar Yogesh N. , Xue Peng
Published: September 2020

PageRank is an algorithm used by Google Search to rank web pages in their search engine results. An important step for quantum networks is to quantize the classical protocol as quantum mechanics provides computational resources that can be used to outperform classical algorithms. In this paper, we experimentally realize continuous-time quantum walks for directed graphs with non-Hermitian adjacency matrices by using linear optical circuits and single photons. We find that the node classical centrality in a directed graph is correlated with the maximum node probability resulting from a continuous-time quantum walk and then demonstrate PageRank. Our work opens up an avenue of applications of quantum information in real-life tasks.
Adiabatic evolution on a spatial-photonic Ising machine
Authors: Pierangeli Davide , Marcucci Giulia , Conti Claudio
Published: September 2020

Combinatorial optimization problems are crucial for widespread applications but remain difficult to solve on a large scale with conventional hardware. Novel optical platforms, known as coherent or photonic Ising machines, are attracting considerable attention as accelerators on optimization tasks formulable as Ising models. Annealing is a well-known technique based on adiabatic evolution for finding optimal solutions in classical and quantum systems made by atoms, electrons, or photons. Although various Ising machines employ annealing in some form, adiabatic computing on optical settings has been only partially investigated. Here, we realize the adiabatic evolution of frustrated Ising models with 100 spins programmed by spatial light modulation. We use holographic and optical control to change the spin couplings adiabatically, and exploit experimental noise to explore the energy landscape. Annealing enhances the convergence to the Ising ground state and allows to find the problem solution with probability close to unity. Our results demonstrate a photonic scheme for combinatorial optimization in analogy with adiabatic quantum algorithms and classical annealing methods but enforced by optical vector-matrix multiplications and scalable photonic technology.
How do we know what works? Evaluating data on the extent and impact of young people’s involvement in English health research
Authors: Brady Louca-Mai , Preston Jennifer
Published: September 2020

The case for children and young people’s involvement in health research has been well documented, but less attention has been paid to the experiences and impact of involving children and young people rather than adults. This paper explores these issues in relation to a project undertaken for the James Lind Initiative on the availability, quality and reliability of existing data on young people’s involvement in studies supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The project found that there was no systematic way of getting reliable and comparable information about which young people are involved in health research in England, what form that involvement may have taken or the impacts of involvement. There is a need to better collate and disseminate evidence on young people’s involvement in research, using both existing systems and processes, and the possible development of new metrics and measures. Not having this information risks children and young people’s involvement continuing to develop in a piecemeal fashion. Further research is needed about how, when and where children and young people are involved in health research, and about the impact of involvement on research and on the children and young people involved.
Zwischen Kreuz und Regenbogen
Authors: Balcerzak Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

Ein tiefer Riss geht durch die polnische Nach-Wende-Gesellschaft. Agnieszka Balcerzaks multimethodische und historisch grundierte Ethnografie spürt der zeitgenössischen polnischen Protestkultur am Beispiel rechts- und linksgerichteter sozialer Bewegungen nach. Ihr kontrastierender Blick erörtert kulturelle Protestformen wie ikonografisch-linguistische Ausdrucksmittel, urbane Straßendemonstrationen, milieuspezifische (Ver-)Kleidung, subversiven Cyberaktivismus sowie popkulturelle Medien. Die kulturwissenschaftlich-praxeologische Herangehensweise erhellt dabei die weltanschaulichen »Kulturkämpfe« und setzt sich mit der brisanten Frage nach der Stellung Polens im heutigen Europa auseinander.
Blinde und sehbeeinträchtigte Menschen im Museum: Zugänglichkeit, Vermittlung und Identitätsbildung
Authors: Roque Martins Patrícia
Published: September 2020

Patrícia Roque Martins seeks in her chapter to value the possibilities that exist in the alliance between the historic-artistic heritage and the development of inclusive practices that can generate new realities and more positive identities concerning the blind or partially sighted. Therefore, she will address the main aspects that have influenced how access to art museums has been promoted in Portugal regarding this social group, and explore its relevance towards building this social group's identity.
Stallbauproteste als Indikatoren eines kulturellen Anerkennungsverlustes konventioneller Landwirtschaft
Authors: Wittmann Barbara
Published: September 2020

Anhand verschiedener Beispiele zum Ablauf von Stallbauprotesten gegen geplante Intensivtierställe werden deren subjektzentrierten, auf Interview-Studien basierenden Wahrnehmungen durch die betroffenen Landwirte und Landwirtinnen untersucht. Die in den Fallbeispielen zu Tage tretenden sozialen Kulminationen werden als Indikatoren eines seit Jahrzehnten zunehmenden moralischen und gesellschaftlichen Anerkennungsverlustes der konventionellen Agrarproduktion, der sich hier als ländlicher Raumnutzungskonflikt spiegelt, gedeutet. Diese Entwicklung ist eingebunden in einen grundsätzlichen ländlichen Transformationsprozess, der zur Veränderung sozialräumlicher Strukturen und daraus resultierender Unsicherheiten führt.
Die Verzeitlichung der Bildung
Authors: Leineweber Christian
Published: September 2020

Zeitstrukturen haben - vor allem durch technisch-mediale Entwicklungen im Zuge der Entfaltung moderner Gesellschaften - zunehmend einen Einfluss auf Bedingungen des selbstbestimmten Handelns. Auf Grundlage dieser Beobachtung stellt Christian Leineweber die Frage nach dem Verhältnis von Selbstbestimmung und Zeit. Mit einem Blick auf die Verzeitlichung der Bildung sucht er eine bildungstheoretische Antwort auf diese Frage im Feld der Medienpädagogik.
»Bauen für Hitlers Wahn«
Authors: Großewinkelmann Johannes
Published: September 2020

Der stellvertretende Museumsleiter des Weltkulturerbes Rammelsberg, Johannes Großewinkelmann, geht in seinem Beitrag auf den Einfluss der national-sozialistischen Architektursprache auf die Außen- und Innengestaltung der Gebäude des ehemaligen Erzbergwerks ein. Diesem Aspekt wurde in der bisherigen Forschung und in den Besucherführungen zur Geschichte des Bergwerkskomplexes bisher wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Ausgehend von der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung und der kognitiven Auseinandersetzung mit den Gebäude(n) entwickelt der Autor eine Folie, auf der politische, wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Aspekte der Geschichte dieses Ortes in den Besucherführungen verständlich erzählt werden können. Diese Folie sollte auch von der Denkmalpflege genutzt werden, um die zeitgeschichtlichen Spuren des Industriedenkmals zu erhalten und mögliche Überlagerungen zu identifizieren.
Territorien und Grenzen in der Kunst
Authors: Kaller David
Published: September 2020

Die Grenzen in der Kunst: David Kaller widmet sich Territorien und Grenzen als Gegenstand in der zeitgenössischen Kunst. Er analysiert eine Auswahl an Werken, die sich auf unterschiedliche Phänomene territorialer Ordnungen beziehen. Diese reichen von Karten, Grenzen, Weltmeeren, Territorialkonflikten um Inselgruppen bis hin zur Bedeutung militärischer Drohnen für die Wahrnehmung territorialer Ordnungen. Die Perspektive richtet sich dabei immer auf zwei Ebenen: Welchen Begriff des Territoriums im Sinne eines raumpolitischen Machtgefüges führen die Werke vor? Und wie werden für den Betrachter territoriale Ordnungen in eine ästhetische Sichtbarkeit überführt?
Das unzufriedene Volk
Authors: Pollack Detlef
Published: September 2020

Ostdeutsche stilisieren sich im öffentlichen Diskurs gern als Opfer der deutschen Einheit. Tatsächlich haben sie sich aber von der friedlichen Revolution bis heute als mächtiger politischer Akteur erwiesen. So ging im revolutionären Umbruch von 1989 die Dynamik nicht von der kleinen Schar der Bürgerrechtler und Bürgerrechtlerinnen aus, sondern von der Bevölkerung. Und heute beherrscht die ostdeutsche Bevölkerung durch ihr Wahlverhalten und nicht zuletzt durch ihren Opferdiskurs die öffentlichen Debatten. Am ostdeutschen Protestverhalten lässt sich begreifen, wie sich eine Bevölkerung zum Volk konstituiert - unter den Bedingungen einer Diktatur - und wie in der Demokratie die kollektive Selbstermächtigung zum Ressentiment verkommt.
Psychiatrische Kliniken als totale Institutionen in digitalen Spielen
Authors: Simond Stefan Heinrich
Published: September 2020

Time and time again derelict psychiatric institutions and rogue inmates serve as settings and antagonists in cultural narratives, and digital games are no exception. The eeriness of exploring what Erving Goffman calls »total institutions« and the tension of being confronted with the mentally ill orchestrate a persistent conflict between madness and reason. How this conflict is constructed on a narrative, aesthetic, and ludic level is the central focus of this article. The perspective applied leans heavily on discourse analysis to give a brief overview of contemporary ideas on mental illness and psychiatric institutions. Theoretically founded in Erving Goffman's concept of total institutions, Outlast (Red Barrels, 2013) and The Town of Light (LKA, 2016) are comparatively interpreted, concluding in the assumption that the perspective of both titles, while differing considerably, constructs mirroring glances on psychiatric institutions and the madness within.
Stigmatisierung junger Muslim/innen in der Schule
Authors: Mühe Nina
Published: September 2020

Nina Mühe beschreibt in ihrem Beitrag Erfahrungen junger Musliminnen und Muslime mit Diskriminierung und Rassismus aufgrund ihrer religiösen Zugehörigkeit und Praxis an Schulen sowie den Umgang mit und die Reaktionen auf diese Erfahrungen. In Ergänzung zu Konzepten der Rassismusforschung analysiert Mühe diese Erfahrungen als Stigma der muslimischen Religiosität, welches sie aus Interviews mit Betroffenen entwickelt. Die jungen Menschen sind in der Regel Mehrfachdiskriminierung ausgesetzt, erfahren aber mit einer offen gelebten religiösen Praxis zusätzliche Abwertung und Ausgrenzung. Es ist nicht nur die junge Frau, die nach den Ferien zum ersten Mal mit Kopftuch in die Schule kommt und das bis dahin positiv bewertete Kleidungsstück nun als Stigmasymbol der Abwertung erlebt. Es ist auch der junge Mann, der in der Schule beten möchte, diesen Wunsch aber in eine säkular gerahmte Bitte nach einem Raum der Stille übersetzt, weil die Atmosphäre an der Schule im Hinblick auf religiöse Diversität schon non-verbal vermittelt, dass ein Gebetsraum - erbeten von muslimischen Jugendlichen - in einer säkularen Einrichtung wie der Schule vermeintlich keinen Platz hätte und ein entsprechendes Ersuchen keine Aussicht auf Erfolg.
Die multireligiöse Schule als Ort von Diskriminierung
Authors: Arani Aliyeh Yegane
Published: September 2020

In öffentlichen Debatten zu Diskriminierung in Schulen wird oft vom »religiösen Mobbing« gesprochen, ohne ausreichend zu klären, ab wann Mobbing als »religiös« zu bezeichnen ist und in welchem Verhältnis es zu Diskriminierung steht. Hinzu kommt, dass - obwohl die Virulenz von religionsbezogenen bzw. antisemitischen und islamfeindlichen Einstellungen in der Bevölkerung ausreichend wissenschaftlich belegt ist - bislang kaum empirische Studien zu religionsbezogenen Diskriminierungserfahrungen im Schulkontext vorliegen. Der Beitrag will klärend zu religionsbezogenen Diskriminierungsformen in der Schule beitragen und versucht eine erste empirische Annäherung an die Fragen, welche Formen religionsbezogenen Mobbings und Diskriminierung in Schule vorkommen und wie verbreitet diese sind. Ausgehend von einem (menschen-)rechtlichen Bezugsrahmen werden hierzu die religionsbezogen Beschwerdedaten der Berliner Anlaufstelle für Diskriminierungsschutz an Schulen (ADAS) und verschiedene dort bearbeitete religionsbezogene Diskriminierungsformen und -konstellationen an Berliner Schulen analysiert.
Religion, Anerkennungskultur und pädagogische Professionalität
Authors: Simojoki Henrik , Kühn Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Der Beitrag untersucht mit pädagogischen Fachkräften über ihre Erfahrungen in der Arbeit mit Berufsintegrationsklassen geführte Interviews aus der Studie »Religion als Faktor in der beruflichen Bildung von Asylsuchenden und Geflüchteten« und ordnet die mittels der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse gewonnenen Ergebnisse anerkennungstheoretisch ein. Einerseits wird deutlich, dass Religion für nach 2015 zugewanderte Schülerinnen und Schüler mehrheitlich einen hohen Stellenwert hat und aus der Sicht der Lehrkräfte im Schulleben durchaus präsent ist. Andererseits wird sie von den Schülerinnen und Schülern häufig (als »privat«) ausgeblendet, sodass eine reflexive Auseinandersetzung mit eigenen wie fremden Positionen oder Praxen unterbleibt. Umso bedeutsamer erscheint es, die Religionssensibilität von Lehrkräften zu stärken sowie Schülerinnen und Schülern in Berufsintegrationsklassen Räume zur Entfaltung und Reflexion ihrer Religiosität zu öffnen. Darin besteht der originäre Beitrag von Schule zu einer Anerkennungskultur, die Religion als Teil kultureller Bildung begreift und neu zugewanderte Jugendliche dazu befähigt, sie sich als persönliche Ressource (weiter) zu erschließen.
Within the Margins
Authors: Gabriel Leon , Frank Zohar , Siebert Bernhard , Schade Julia , Lieu Swoosh
Published: September 2020

Techniken und Technologien formen das theatrale Erscheinen, benötigen aber spezifische Betrachtungsweisen und »dichte« Beschreibungsmodi. Ausgehend von den Arbeiten des feministischen Kollektivs SWOOSH LIEU gehen Leon Gabriel, Zohar Frank, Bernhard Siebert und Julia Schade dem Technischen als Denkweise von Prozeduren und Verfahren nach. In exemplarischen Lektüren der Inszenierungen »Vanitas« (Sebastian Blasius), »Sul concetto di volto nel figlio di Dio« (Romeo Castellucci), »WITHIN« (Tarek Atoui, Léo Maurel, Xulia Rey Ramos) sowie »Boundaries« (andpartnersincrime) und im kritischem Austausch mit (technik-)philosophischen Positionen untersucht dieser gemeinsame Beitrag, was technologische Bedingungen zu denken aufgeben. Weil ein solches Verfahren aber bedeutet, dass es nicht »die« Technik als etwas »an sich« gibt, zeigen die Teilbeiträge einige derjenigen Randbereiche auf, die konstitutiv mit Techniken und Technologien verknüpft sind: Körper, Infrastrukturen und schließlich Reste.
Ewiger Aufbruch oder Einbruch einer Illusion
Authors: King Vera
Published: September 2020

In Vera Kings Beitrag geht es aus einer soziologisch-sozialpsychologischen Sicht um Auswirkungen der Pandemie, insbesondere um kulturelle Muster der Verarbeitung von Vergänglichkeit. Vergänglichkeitserleben wird nicht allein bedrängender, weil Krankheit und Tod ins Zentrum rücken. Sondern auch, so die These, weil durch die Folgeerscheinungen von Corona bisherige kulturelle Muster der Verarbeitung oder Abwehr von Vergänglichkeit nicht mehr funktionieren - Muster, die man als "ewigen Aufbruch" bezeichnen kann: Ewiger Aufbruch bezeichnet zugleich eine Form der Abwehr von Begrenztheit und der Generationenspannung. Der Beitrag diskutiert - vor dem Hintergrund der ökologischen Krisen - sozialpsychologische und kulturelle Folgen der Corona-Pandemie auch mit Blick auf generationale Verantwortung für die Zukunft der Nachkommen.
Historia de la Iglesia, catolicismo social y patrimonio cultural y artístico en tierras palentinas, según el P. Manuel Revuelta
Authors: Santiago Rodríguez Miguel de
Published: September 2020

En este artículo se hace un recorrido por distintos temas palentinos en los que insistió el profesor e historiador Manuel Revuelta; en concreto, sobre la historia de aquella Iglesia diocesana en los siglos xIx y xx, sobre el sindicalismo católico agrario liderado por el jesuita Sisinio Nevares y el seglar Antonio Monedero y sobre temas culturales, como las tres estancias de santa Teresa en Palencia y otras cuestiones relacionadas preferentemente con la historia y el patrimonio artístico de varios pueblos del Camino de Santiago a su paso por tierras palentinas.
«Ad usum nostrorum tantum». La Compañía de Jesús en mi epistolario con el Padre Revuelta
Authors: Burrieza Sánchez Javier
Published: September 2020

A la muerte del padre Manuel Revuelta, maestro de historiadores de la Compañía de Jesús, me percaté de que, además de un ejemplo profesional y científico de primer orden del cual había aprendido tanto, poseía un tesoro entre mis manos, una abundantísima correspondencia en la cual la Compañía de Jesús era una notable protagonista. A través de estas cartas aprendí a investigar a los jesuitas, a conocer a muchos de los autores de su historiografía, de los avances que se producían y recibí cada novedad, también desde el punto de vista personal, de la obra de nuestro protagonista, en la culminación de su carrera académica y científica. Por eso, he considerado oportuno abrir este epistolario y trazar desde él ese retrato íntimo y, al mismo tiempo, profundamente universitario de Manuel Revuelta, desde 2003 en que fue miembro del tribunal de mi tesis doctoral, hasta 2019.
El maestro desde la nostalgia. La restauración de la Compañía de Jesús en la mirada de Manuel Revuelta González, SJ
Authors: Monjo i Dalmau Francesc-Joan , Fernández Arrillaga Inmaculada
Published: September 2020

Queremos poner en valor la labor investigadora realizada por Manuel Revuelta sobre el restablecimiento de la Compañía de Jesús en la España de Fernando VII. Nos hemos centrado, especialmente, en un uno de sus últimos libros titulado El restablecimiento de la Compañía de Jesús. Celebración del bicentenario. Una obra imprescindible para conocer con detalle la historia de la Compañía restituida y su restablecimiento en el orbe católico.
Contractual risks in the New Zealand construction industry: Analysis and mitigatioin measures
Authors:   School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand, Mbachu Jasper , Taylor Samuel ,   School of Engineering & Advanced Technology, Massey University, New Zealand
Published: September 2020

While tendering for jobs, a contractor is expected to analyse the various risks in each prospective project and price them appropriately. Contingencies are included in the tender price to cater for the various risks based on their impacts on the project targets and profit margin. Currently in New Zealand (NZ), there is little or no information on the various contractual risks and their mitigation measures. This has led to contractors over compensating or under compensating for risks with costly consequences. This study aimed to establish priority contractual risks in the NZ construction industry, and their mitigation measures. The research was based on a questionnaire survey of consultants and contractors. Descriptive statistics and multi-attribute techniques were used in the data analysis. Results showed 21 risk factors which were segregated into 6 broad categories in diminishing levels of significance as follows: Site conditions, main contractor, pricing, subcontractor, external and client-related risks. Putting tags and conditions to risky price items in the tender bids, and transferring the risks onto other parties were analysed as the 2 most effective out of the 5 key risk mitigation measures identified. Being cautious of the priority risks and application of the identified effective risk mitigation measures could guide contractors and the project team to more appr