bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OSL‐14C‐10Be: A novel composite geochronometer for simultaneous quantification of timing and magnitude of change in bedrock outcrop erosion rate
Authors: Sohbati Reza , Hippe Kristina
Published: September 2022

Quantifying past changes in erosion rate is essential for deciphering earth surface processes and their driving mechanisms. Coupledin situcosmogenic14C‐10Be has been shown to be a useful chronometer in detecting changes in erosion rate, but its detection ability is limited to rapidly eroding fluvial landscapes and changes greater than a factor of two; and in any case, it cannot uniquely quantify both the magnitude and the timing of change in erosion rate. Here, we establish a theoretical framework to show that this limitation can be overcome by combining the recently developed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) rock surface exposure dating with the14C‐10Be chronometer. We demonstrate that the resulting OSL‐14C‐10Be composite geochronometer can determine both the magnitude and the timing of an abrupt change in bedrock erosion rate by a factor of < 0.8 or > 1.2 over 100–104a timescales, where erosion rates are < 10−2 cm a−1.
Intermediate‐sulfidation epithermal mineralization at Monterado goldfield in Western Borneo (Indonesia): Geological, mineralogical, and fluid inclusion microthermometric perspectives
Authors: Ilmawan Ilham , Idrus Arifudin , Lai Chun‐Kit , Dana Cendi Diar Permata , Nugroho Andhika Patria Adi
Published: September 2022

Gold mining in Western Borneo can be traced back over a century in the Dutch era. Many of these gold deposits are hosted in auriferous quartz veins, yet their geology and alteration/mineralization features have never been well documented. In this study, we present the first detailed account on gold mineralization in Western Borneo, using the Monterado goldfield as an example. Our results reveal that the auriferous quartz veining occurred in both intrusions (Mensibau granodiorite and Sintang Suite diorite porphyry) and volcanic‐sedimentary sequences (Raya Volcanics and Hamisan Formation), and wallrock alterations are well developed. Distributions of the veins are controlled largely by N‐S‐trending (tensional veins, e.g., Nek Rimban and Muisan) and NW‐SE (en‐échelon tensional gash veins, e.g., Mertua, Lipan, and Sekar) structures. Vein textures include mainly massive, breccia, comb, drusy, and stockwork. Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System mineral mapping on the ore veins and mineralized wallrocks show the presence of electrum, acanthite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, sphalerite, galena, and supergene products such as malachite, covellite, cuprite, chalcocite and rosasite. Polymetallic sulfide mineralization is spatially associated with adularia within auriferous quartz veins and silicic alteration. Ore chemistry on 285 vein ore samples yielded on average 1.46 g/t Au and 6.58 g/t Ag. Fluid inclusion microthermometry indicates that the homogenization temperature ranges from 273 to 362°C (avg. 338°C), with salinities of 1.1–8.7 wt% NaCl eq. (avg. 4.4 wt% NaCl eq.). Accordingly, the Monterado Au–Ag quartz vein‐type mineralization is best classified as intermediate‐sulfidation epithermal style.
Strengthening internal accountability by avoiding fantasy documents in responsibility center budgeting
Authors: Harris Nathan F.
Published: September 2022

Higher education scholars often investigate the policy mechanisms of external accountability, but rarely explore institutional mechanisms of internal accountability. This chapter, which reports select findings from an in‐depth case study of institutional budgeting at an American public research university, examines an underexplored mechanism of internal accountability – annual budget reviews. The findings illustrate that the university's budget review often constitutes a fantasy practice that affirms the institution's commitment to fiscal prudence as much as scrutinizes budgetary decisions in academic units. The findings reveal opportunities to strengthen budget reviews at institutions that have adopted decentralized budget models such as Responsibility Center Budgeting.
The elderly prognostic index predicts early mortality in older patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. An ad hoc analysis of the elderly project by the Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Authors: Cencini Emanuele , Tucci Alessandra , Puccini Benedetta , Cavallo Federica , Luminari Stefano , Usai Sara Veronica , Fabbri Alberto , Pennese Elsa , Marino Dario , Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Balzarotti Monica , Petrucci Luigi , Tafuri Agostino , Arcari Annalisa , Botto Barbara , Zanni Manuela , Hohaus Stefan , Sartori Roberto , Merli Michele , Gini Guido , Al Essa Wael , Musurca Gerardo , Tani Monica , Nassi Luca , Daffini Rosa , Mammi Caterina , Marcheselli Luigi , Bocchia Monica , Spina Michele , Merli Francesco
Published: September 2022

The Elderly Prognostic Index (EPI) is based on the integration of a simplified geriatric assessment, hemoglobin levels and International Prognostic Index and has been validated to predict overall survival in older patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this study, we evaluated the ability of EPI to predict the risk of early mortality. This study included all patients registered in the Elderly Project for whom treatment details and a minimum follow‐up of 3 months were available. Three main treatment groups were identified based on the anthracycline amount administered: cases receiving >70% of the theoretical anthracyclines dose (Full Dose [FD] group), ≤70% (Reduced Dose [RD]) and palliative therapy (PT; no anthracyclines). The primary endpoint was early mortality rate, defined as death for any cause occurring within 90 days from diagnosis. We identified 1150 patients with a median age of 76 years (range 65–94). Overall, 69 early deaths were observed, accounting for 19% of all reported deaths. The cumulative rate of early mortality at 90 days was 6.0%. Comparing early with delayed deaths, we observed a lower frequency of deaths due to lymphoma progression (42% vs. 75%; p < 0.001) and a higher frequency due to toxicity and infections (22% vs. 4%, p < 0.001, and 22% vs. 3%, p < 0.001, respectively) for early events. A multivariable logistic analysis on 931 patients (excluding PT) confirmed an independent association of high‐risk EPI (odds ratio [OR] 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–11.2) and bulky disease (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.09–3.97) with the risk of early mortality. The cumulative incidence of early mortality for older patients with DLBCL is not negligible and is mainly associated with non‐lymphoma related events. For patients receiving anthracyclines, high‐risk EPI and bulky disease are associated with a higher probability of early mortality.
Re‐intervention with 10‐mm vs 12‐mm covered self‐expandable metallic stent for recurrent unresectable distal biliary obstruction in patients with previous stent implantation
Authors: Chikugo Koki , Hayashi Tsuyoshi , Tanaka Kazunari , Kin Toshifumi , Toyonaga Haruka , Nasuno Osamu , Ishii Tatsuya , Takahashi Kuniyuki , Yamazaki Hajime , Katanuma Akio
Published: September 2022

Background

Treatment for unresectable distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO) involves placing a 10‐mm covered self‐expandable metallic stent (CSEMS). In recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO), replacement of the CSEMS is recommended; however, the appropriate stent type remains unknown. We speculated that large‐bore CSEMSs would provide longer patency. We compared the efficacy of 10‐mm and 12‐mm CSEMS in patients with RBO.

Methods

We retrospectively retrieved data on patients who underwent CSEMS replacement from the endoscopic database. We investigated the time to RBO (TRBO) after CSEMS replacement. The hazard ratio (HR) for the the second TRBO was estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. The estimated median second TRBO was determined using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results

Among the 493 patients with DMBOs treated with 10‐mm CSEMS, 48 and 29 patients underwent re‐intervention with 10‐mm and 12‐mm CSEMS, respectively. The use of 12‐mm CSEMS was inversely associated with second TRBO (multivariable‐adjusted HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39‐0.98; P = .042). The estimated median second TRBO was greater with the 12 mm CSEMS than with the 10 mm variety (562 days vs 207 days; P = .019).

Conclusion

The second intervention with 12‐mm CSEMS was associated with a longer TRBO.
Projection of age of individuals living with HIV and time since ART initiation in 2030: estimates for France
Authors: Marty Lise , Diawara Yakhara , Rachas Antoine , Grabar Sophie , Costagliola Dominique , Supervie Virginie
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Thanks to antiretroviral treatment (ART), people living with HIV (PLHIV) are living longer and ageing. However, ageing involves increased risks of co‐morbidities, which also depend on when PLHIV individuals started ART. To tackle the HIV age‐related upcoming challenges, knowledge of the current and future age structure of the HIV population is needed. Here, we forecast the demographic profile of the adult population living with diagnosed HIV (aPLdHIV) in France until 2030, accounting for the impact of the ART initiation period on mortality.

Methods

We used national data from the French Hospital Database on HIV (ANRS CO4‐FHDH) and a sample of the National Health Data System to, first, characterize the aPLdHIV in 2018 and estimate their mortality rates according to age, sex and ART initiation period. Second, we used national HIV surveillance data to define three scenarios for the numbers of newly diagnosed HIV cases over 2019–2030: 30% decrease in HIV cases (S1), status quo situation (S2) and epidemic elimination (S3). We then combined these data using a matrix model, to project the age structure of aPLdHIV and time since ART initiation.

Results

In 2018, there was an estimated 161,125 aPLdHIV (33% women), of which 55% were aged 50 or older (50+), 22% aged 60+ and 8% aged 70+. In 2030, the aPLdHIV would grow to 195,246 for S1, 207,972 for S2 and 167,221 for S3. Whatever the scenario, in 2030, the estimated median time since ART initiation would increase and age distribution would shift towards older ages: with 65–72% aPLdHIV aged 50+, 42–48% 60+ and 17–19% 70+. This corresponds to ∼83,400 aPLdHIV (28% women) aged 60+, among which ∼69% started ART more than 20 years ago (i.e. before 2010) and ∼39% ≥30 years ago (i.e. before 2000), and to ∼33,100 aPLdHIV (27% women) aged 70+, among which ∼72% started ART ≥20 years ago and ∼43% ≥30 years ago.

Conclusions

By 2030, in France, close to 20% of the aPLdHIV will be aged 70+, of which >40% would have started ART more than 30 years ago. These estimates are essential to adapt co‐morbidities screening and anticipate resource provision in the aged care sector.
Sarcopenia in people living with HIV in Hong Kong: which definition correlates with health outcomes?
Authors: Luk Fion Wing Lam , Li Timothy , Ho Hang Yee , Chan Yin Yan , Cheung Siu King , Wong Vickie , Kwok Timothy Chi Yui , Lui Grace
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Sarcopenia is an important clinical syndrome in older people living with HIV (PLWH). With a change to the Asia sarcopenia definition in 2019, we aimed to determine whether health outcomes were associated with different definitions of sarcopenia among Asian PLWH.

Methods

We performed a prospective cross‐sectional study enrolling PLWH aged ≥35 years from January 2018 to November 2021. We defined sarcopenia by the Asia Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria in 2014 and 2019. AWGS‐2014 included low muscle mass plus weak handgrip strength and/or slow gait speed. AWGS‐2019 included low muscle mass plus low muscle strength or physical performance, while the presence of all defines severe sarcopenia. We measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, handgrip strength, usual gait speed, five‐time chair stand test and Short Physical Performance Battery. Correlations between each sarcopenia definition and health‐related quality of life (using EQ‐5D‐5L and SF‐36) and functional disability were determined.

Results

One hundred and fifty Asian PLWH were enrolled, 132 (88%) were male, mean age was 60±10 years, duration of HIV diagnosis was 13 (IQR 8–18) years and current CD4 count was 574 (IQR 362–762) cells/mm3, 67 (45%) had multimorbidity, 64 (43%) had polypharmacy. Prevalence of sarcopenia by AWGS‐2014, AWGS‐2019 and severe sarcopenia was 17.3%, 27.3% and 18.0%, respectively. Age, education and polypharmacy were associated with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia (AWGS‐2014) and severe sarcopenia were associated with mobility, physical functioning and physical component score (SF‐36). All three criteria were associated with impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). After age and sex adjustment, sarcopenia (AWGS‐2014) (adjusted odds ratio/aOR 5.4, 95% confidence interval/CI 2.0–15.1) and severe sarcopenia (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 1.9–14.0) were associated with mobility and physical component score (SF‐36) (β coefficients –5.3342, p = 0.022 and –5.412, p = 0.019). Sarcopenia (AWGS 2014) (aOR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7–16.2), sarcopenia (AWGS‐2019) (aOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.5–13.1) and severe sarcopenia (aOR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–10.9) were associated with impaired IADL in fully adjusted models.

Conclusions

In a sample of Asian PLWH, 17.3%, 27.3% and 18.0% had sarcopenia as defined by AWGS‐2014, AWGS‐2019 and severe sarcopenia, respectively. Sarcopenia by AWGS‐2014 and severe sarcopenia correlated with parameters of poor health outcomes, while sarcopenia by AWGS‐2019 correlated with functional disability.
Nonlinear modeling and digital predistortion for HF transmitters with harmonic cancelation
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Wenhua , Chen Xiaofan , Ghannouchi Fadhel M. , Feng Zhenghe
Published: September 2022

High frequency (HF) transmitters implemented with the multi‐octave power amplifier (PA) are always faced with the problem of interfering harmonics because of the nonlinearity of the PA. In this paper, the harmonic cancelation digital predistortion (HC‐DPD) scheme is proposed and well discussed to cancel the in‐band intermodulation distortion (IMD) as well as out‐of‐band harmonics at the same time. With the digital filter‐less scheme, the bulky and lossy filter banks can be removed. Nonlinear models are first utilized to approximate the nonlinear behavior of the HF PA and compared in terms of the model accuracy. Then, the learning architecture, model identification, and feedback compensation of the HC‐DPD scheme are detailed discussed. Finally, a series of simulations and experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed nonlinear models and linearization algorithms.
Prediction of Neonatal Growth Restriction in Fetuses With Gastroschisis by Early Third Trimester Ultrasonography Utilizing Contemporary Birth Weight Percentiles
Authors: McKenna Madeline , McKenna David , Zhou Ming , Sonek Jiri , Wiegand Samantha
Published: September 2022

Objective

To identify the estimated fetal weight (EFW) formula and threshold for the optimal prediction of fetal growth restriction (FGR) at 26–34 weeks' in fetuses with gastroschisis.

Methods

Late second and third trimester ultrasound data were used to calculate the EFW utilizing eight different formulas: Hadlock I‐IV, Honarvar, Shepard, Siemer, and Warsof. EFW and birth weight percentiles were assigned from US population growth curves. FGR and small for gestational age (SGA) were defined as EFW and birth weight less than the tenth percentile for gestational age; Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare formula performance for FGR diagnosis at 26–34 weeks' to identify an SGA birth weight.

Results

There were 170 newborns with gastroschisis; 46 (27%) were SGA. The mean gestational age at the time of ultrasound was 30.8 ± 1.7 weeks. The mean gestational age at birth was 36.3 ± 1.7 weeks. ROC curve analysis found the Hadlock III formula had the largest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.813 closely followed by Hadlock IV (AUC = 0.811) and Hadlock II (AUC = 0.808) for diagnosis of FGR correlating to neonatal SGA diagnosis. Hadlock II, Hadlock III, and Hadlock IV had the highest diagnostic accuracies when compared to the other EFW formulas.

Conclusions

The Hadlock II, Hadlock III, and Hadlock IV formulas have comparable predictive performance in the optimal identification of FGR in fetuses with gastroschisis at 26–34 weeks'. A threshold of an EFW less than the 25.2th percentile is suggested.
Digitale Bildung: Kein Zusatz, sondern Basis
Authors: Thoms Lars‐Jochen , Becker Sebastian , Bruckermann Till , Finger Alexander , Huwer Johannes , Kremser Erik , Meier Monique , Thyssen Christoph , von Kotzebue Lena
Published: September 2022

Für eine digitale Transformation der chemischen Industrie sind Fachkräfte mit umfassenden Kompetenzen unabdingbar. Die Grundlagen fachbezogener digitaler Bildung werden bereits in der Schule gelegt. Die Lehrkräftebildung ist hierfür neu auszurichten.
Wie innovativ ist die Chemie?
Authors: Hahn Karl , Jahn Dieter , Müllen Klaus
Published: September 2022

Aufgabe der Hochschulforschung ist der Erkenntnisgewinn. Daraus können auch patentierbare Erfindungen entstehen. Eine Innovation bedarf darüber hinaus eines Mehrwerts am Markt. Inkrementelle und Sprunginnovationen sind nach ihrer Entstehung und ihren Konsequenzen klar zu unterscheiden. Mehr und mehr wird Innovation auch aus der Hochschule angestrebt, etwa über Start‐ups.
Chemiedidaktik: Bremser und Beschützer – das Antioxidans Hydroxytyrosol
Authors: Diekemper Dominik , Schwarzer Stefan
Published: September 2022

Kosmetikprodukte aus Olivenöl werden oft als Radikalfänger beworben. Eine Erweiterung des Schulexperimentierkoffers von Wacker enthält nun den Wirkstoff, Hydroxytyrosol. Mit einfachen Schulversuchen lassen sich dessen Eigenschaften untersuchen.
Die Geschichte der Glasgeräte: Das geteilte Rohr
Authors: Friedrich Rainer , Gros Leo
Published: September 2022

Mit Beginn der Industrialisierung im 18. Jahrhundert entstand die Nachfrage nach Qualitätskontrollen und damit nach Maßanalyse. Parallel dazu verbesserten sich die Herstellprozesse für Glasrohre – denn präzise Rohre waren die Voraussetzung für Pipetten und Büretten.
Trendbericht Makromolekulare Chemie 2022
Authors: Gröschel André , Brendel Johannes C.
Published: September 2022

Über Polymere, die Wirkstoffe freisetzen, Zerfallsprozesse und Stabilität von Kunststoffen, biobasierte Lösungsmittel und Atomeffizienz in der Kunststoffproduktion, Monomere aus Zucker und Polymere für die Elektrochemie, für neue Membranen und für elektrochemische Speicher, als Kathodenmaterialien oder Elektrolyte.
Nachruf: Armin Meisel (1926 – 2022)
Authors: Szargan Rüdiger , Streubel Peter , Beyer Lothar
Published: September 2022

Am 16. April 2022 starb Armin Meisel, emeritierter Professor der Universität Leipzig und Nestor der Röntgen‐ und Photoelektronenspektroskopie.
CHanalysis 2022 – zurück in die Zukunft
Authors: Bleiner Davide , Suter Marc , Bakker Eric
Published: September 2022

In Beatenberg bei Bern veranstaltete Ende Mai die Division der Analytischen Wissenschaften (DAS) der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft – nach einer pandemiebedingten Unterbrechung von zwei Jahren – ihre jährliche Tagung „CHanalysis“. Die zweitägige Veranstaltung hatte rund 70 Teilnehmende der schweizerischen Akademia und Industrie. Neben eingeladenen Vorträgen stellten Doktoranden ihre Forschung vor, und eine Postersession rundete das Programm ab.
USA; Soziale Schranken
Authors: Roske Moris
Published: September 2022

Naturwissenschaftliche Karrieren in den USA sind für People of Color und Frauen mit größeren Hürden verbunden.
USA: Voller Kopf, leerer Geldbeutel
Authors: Roske Moris
Published: September 2022

Doktorand:innen in den USA kämpfen für mehr Geld.
Examination of pediatric tube feeding schedules and oral intake: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Waddle Caitlin , Gillespie Scott E.
Published: September 2022

Background

A common treatment goal for children dependent on enteral feeding is to advance oral nutrition intake and decrease enteral feeding dependence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tube feeding schedule and oral intake in feeding tube–dependent children diagnosed with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).

Methods

A retrospective chart review was completed including 76 tube‐dependent children with ARFID between the ages of 1 and 14 years who were evaluated by a registered dietitian, in conjunction with a multidisciplinary feeding team, during January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019. Eligible participants were diagnosed with ARFID and receiving enteral nutrition via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube during the time of evaluation. The participants were categorized into groups according to tube feeding schedule type (bolus vs. overnight continuous) and further stratified by severity of oral motor deficit, as documented by the speech language pathologist or occupational therapist: none/mild and moderate/severe. The exclusion criteria included children aged <1 year, appetite stimulant listed as an active medication, overnight enteral feeding infusion of >12 h, or calculated percentage of calories from oral intake not specified. The primary study outcome was dichotomized percentage of oral intake, >0% vs 0%.

Results

Following adjustment for confounders, this retrospective chart review showed statistically higher odds of percentage of oral intake >0% in ARFID patients receiving overnight continuous enteral feeding schedules (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.83, P = 0.027).

Conclusion

A bolus feeding schedule may not promote oral intake in feeding tube–dependent children diagnosed with ARFID.
Self‐reported unsafe medication behaviour among clinical nurses in China: A nationwide survey
Authors: Qin Ning , Shi Shuangjiao , Duan Yinglong , Zhong Zhuqing , Xiang Guliang
Published: September 2022

Aim

Unsafe medication behaviour was the direct cause of medication error, while the current status of unsafe medication behaviour among Chinese clinical nurses remains uncertain. To investigate unsafe medication behaviour among Chinese nurses and to analyse its associated factors.

Design

A cross‐sectional online study was conducted in 31 provinces and municipalities of mainland China.

Methods

The electronic self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data from July–August 2020, including demographic information (age, gender, initial degree, ultimate education degree, hospital levels, unit nature, professional position, duty, departments, working years and working regions) and an adapted nurse unsafe medication behaviour scale measuring self‐reported nurse unsafe medication behaviour (SR‐NUMB). A generalized linear mixed model was applied to determine the influencing factors.

Results

A total of 10,153 Chinese nurses responded online, and 7,873 responses that met the time control requirements were included finally. It turned out that 80.49% of Chinese nurses had SR‐NUMB. Specifically, 72.81% of them had unsafe medication behaviours in the process of medication administration, followed by medication monitoring (53.09%), medication preservation and dispensing (47.42%), and medical order processing (44.53%). A generalized linear mixed model demonstrated that male nurses and nurses who work in secondary hospitals or general hospitals, those who have higher professional positions or duties, those who have been working for 5–10 years, and those who are working in emergency and intensive critical units may have higher level of SR‐NUMB compared to other nurses.

Conclusion

Suboptimal SR‐NUMB among Chinese nurses was identified in our findings. Associated factors, such as gender, hospital levels, unit nature, professional position, duty, working years and departments, should be targeted in future prevention and intervention efforts for safe medication management among Chinese nurses.
Perceived professional benefits and associated factors among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Chen Feifei , Dai Pengfei , Lin Xingfeng , Qi Lei
Published: September 2022

Aims

To examine the perceived professional benefits (PPB) and associated factors among nurses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in China.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Using the snowball sampling method, 492 nurses (478 females, 14 males) were recruited. Data were collected using an online survey, including participants' socio‐demographic and working characteristics, psychological distress related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, dealing with professional frustration, professional self‐reflection and PPB from 1–30 April 2020.

Results

Nurses experienced high levels of PPB. In linear regression analysis, self‐perceived concerns about COVID‐19, emotional shock caused by it, risk perception towards their occupations, dealing with professional frustration and professional self‐reflection were positively associated with PPB among nurses. These factors explained 84% variance in PPB.

Conclusions

This study highlighted that although the nurses experienced psychological distress, they gained high PPB during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Additionally, to facilitate nurses' efforts to achieve professional growth, more educational resources and opportunities for engaging in reflective practices could be provided.
Moisture absorption characterization of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer using Fickian and non‐Fickian models
Authors: Yu Haiyan , Xing Ping
Published: September 2022

Three classic moisture absorption models including the Fickian model, the Langmuir and the time‐variable diffusion model were adopted to describe the absorption behavior of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates in this work. A new non‐Fickian model based on the two‐phase absorption rule was proposed by introducing the equivalent absorption time into the Langmuir model. Experiments of accelerated moisture absorption were conducted for CFRP laminates with different lay‐ups under three temperatures. Moisture uptaking performance of the CFRP laminates was discussed. Preliminary data analysis of the moisture absorption content showed the existence of non‐Fickian diffusion behavior. Four numerical models were implemented into Matlab by combining the Gauss‐Newton algorithm with minimum mean square error. Effects of the environment temperature and the lay‐ups of the laminates on the diffusion process of water molecules in CFRP. The results demonstrated that the modified time‐variable Langmuir model shows the best fitting performance. The diffusion coefficient and equilibrium moisture uptake increased with the environment temperature. Water diffusion coefficients in monotonous ply‐structure is larger than that in multi‐angle plys.
Lung ultrasound assessment of pulmonary edema in neonates with chronic lung disease before and after diuretic therapy
Authors: Kasniya Gangajal , Weinberger Barry , Cerise Jane , Pulju Margaret , Boyar Vitaliya , Frunza Florin , Kurepa Dalibor
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by lung injury with varying degrees of disrupted alveolarization, vascular remodeling, inflammatory cell proliferation, and pulmonary edema. Diuretics are often used to ameliorate the symptoms or progression of BPD. Our primary objective was to use lung ultrasound (LUS) to determine if diuretics decrease pulmonary edema in infants with BPD. The secondary objective was to assess changes in respiratory support during the first week after initiation of diuretics.

Methods

Premature infants requiring noninvasive respiratory support and starting diuretic therapy for evolving BPD were compared with a similar group of infants not receiving diuretics (control). For the diuretic group, LUS exams were performed before and on Days 1, 3, and 6 after initiation of treatment. For the control group, LUS was performed at equivalent time points. A composite pulmonary edema severity (PES) score of 0–5 was calculated based on the total number of B‐lines in six scanned areas. Respiratory support parameters (FiO2, nasal cannula flow, or CPAP) were also recorded.

Results

Infants in the diuretic (n = 28) and control (n = 23) groups were recruited at median corrected gestational ages of 34.2 (33.3–35.9) and 34.0 (33.4–36.3) weeks, respectively (p = 0.82). PES scores, FiO2, and respiratory flow support decreased significantly from Days 0 to 6 (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.01, respectively) in the diuretic group, but not in the control group.

Conclusion

Diuretic use is associated with decreased pulmonary edema and improved oxygenation in infants with BPD during the first week of treatment.
Elevating herbivore‐induced JA‐Ile enhances potato resistance to the polyphagous beet armyworm but not to the oligophagous potato tuber moth
Authors: Li Yi , Tang Jinxiang , Qi Yuechen , Yang Fei , Su Xiaohang , Fu Jun , Han Xiaonv , He Caihua , Xu Youxian , Zhan Kang , Xia Haibin , Wu Jinsong , Wang Lei
Published: September 2022

Background

The oligophagous potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella, and the polyphagous beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, are two destructive pests of potato, and infestations can lead to serious reduction in potato yield. However, potato plant responses to the two herbivories are only poorly understood. Endogenous jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) is a signal responsible for the induction of plant anti‐herbivore defenses. Elevation of JA‐Ile by blocking its catabolism is considered to be an effective and sustainable approach to enhance plant resistance to insect pests. However, it is not clear whether this approach can enhance potato resistance to PTM and BAW.

Results

We demonstrated that the transcriptional changes induced by simulated PTM and BAW feeding overlap to a large extent, and that 81.5% of the PTM‐ and 90.5% of the BAW‐responsive genes were commonly regulated. We also generated potato transgenic lines, irStCYP94B3s, in which the three JA‐Ile hydroxylases were all simultaneously silenced. These lines exhibited enhanced resistance only to BAW, but not to PTM, although levels of JA‐Ile and its downstream induced defensive chemicals, including caffeoylputrescine, dicaffeoylspermidine, lyciumoside II, and the nicotianosides I, II, and VII, were all present at higher levels in PTM‐infested than in BAW‐infested irStCYP94B3s lines.

Conclusion

Our results provide support for the hypothesis that StCYP94B3 genes are able to act as potential targets for the control of polyphagous insect pests in potato, and reveal that the oligophagous PTM has evolved an effective mechanism to cope with JA‐Ile‐induced anti‐herbivore defenses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Superhydrophobic Coating Deposited on Foamed Concrete with Super‐Robust Mechanical and Self‐Repairing Properties
Authors: Lu Zhenzhen , Chen Jian , Zhang Xiaoqing
Published: September 2022

A super‐robust and self‐repairing superhydrophobic (SRS) coating is prepared on foamed concrete via a facile and low‐cost method using hydrophobic silica nanoparticles as building blocks connected by silicone sealant and epoxy resin for constructing micro‐/nanostructures. The surface wettability, morphology, and chemical composition are tested by a contact angle (CA) goniometer, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. All the as‐prepared SRS coatings exhibit satisfied superhydrophobicity with the hydrostatic CA of about 160° and the sliding angle (SA) of about 1.7°. The results show that the SRS coating has good self‐repairing performance. For testing its mechanical stability, the superhydrophobic foam concrete is tested by 200 g (2.83 kPa) weight, sanded by 800 mesh sandpaper, which can be worn for 150 cycles (21 m), better than the reported mechanical performance. In addition, the superhydrophobicity can recover by heating at 100 °C for half an hour. The preparation method of the coating is simple, low cost, and excellent in mechanical performance, which provides the possibility for large‐scale industrial applications in the construction field.
An aging‐intensity‐function‐based parameter estimation method on heavily censored data
Authors: Jiang Renyan , Cao Yu , Qi Faqun
Published: September 2022

Building life distribution models of key components of a product is a basic reliability problem. When the data for modeling are heavily censored, the conventional estimation methods such as maximum likelihood method and least square method are no longer applicable. Several approaches have addressed this issue and innovative methods are still needed. This paper presents such a method. It is based on aging intensity function (AIF) of a distribution. The proposed method consists of two main steps. In the first step, a semi‐parametric method is used to estimate the empirical AIF, which is further transformed into the shape parameter values. These values are then fitted to a distribution, from which the point and interval estimates of the shape parameter are obtained. In the second step, the point estimate of the shape parameter is fixed and a single parameter maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the scale parameter. Two examples that involve six datasets are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method has an excellent performance in terms of simplicity, generality, accuracy, and unbiasedness.
Post COVID‐19 organizing pneumonia treated with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Tan Hui Xin , Wong Chee Kin , Yik Weng Fai , Lam Yoke Fong , Lachmanan Kumaresh Raj
Published: September 2022

Organizing pneumonia (OP) promptly responds to corticosteroids. However, a minority of patients demonstrate corticosteroid resistance or relapse on corticosteroid tapering. We describe post COVID‐19 OP patients with clinically inadequate response to corticosteroids but that improved after the addition of Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF). Case 1: A gentleman was diagnosed with post COVID‐19 OP but had suboptimal clinico‐physiologic‐radiologic response and steroid toxicity during outpatient reviews. MMF was initiated resulting in marked clinical response and quick weaning from corticosteroids. Case 2: A gentleman with post COVID‐19 OP relapsed during tapering of steroids. Clarithromycin and MMF were added to his regimen, which improved his clinico‐physiologic parameters and allowed corticosteroid tapering. Unfortunately, he developed MMF‐related colitis needing therapy cessation. Currently, no studies have reported on MMF utilization in difficult post COVID‐19 OP patients. Nevertheless, we believe, similar as in non‐COVID OPs, MMF or other immunomodulators, potentially have a role in treating difficult or steroid‐resistant OPs.
Four‐Terminal Perovskite/Copper Indium Gallium Selenide Tandem Solar Cells: Unveiling the Path to >27% in Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Feeney Thomas , Hossain Ihteaz M. , Gharibzadeh Saba , Gota Fabrizio , Singh Roja , Fassl Paul , Mertens Adrian , Farag Ahmed , Becker Jan-Philipp , Paetel Stefan , Ahlswede Erik , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: September 2022

Over the past decade, the impressive progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), coupled with their ready integration into tandem solar cells, has led them to approach PCEs of 30% for tandem solar cells with a silicon bottom subcell. However, the complementary technology of perovskite/copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) tandem solar cells has been thus far unable to reach similar efficiency values. Herein, a further advance in the efficiency of 4T perovskite/CIGS tandems is demonstrated, increasing the PCE up to 27.3% via systematic optimization of the top semitransparent PSC. Improvements in light management through the optimization of anti‐reflection coatings, coupled with the development of transparent conductive oxides that incur very low parasitic absorption are reported. It is revealed that both are crucial for maximizing efficiency and, by utilizing additional optical simulations, a detailed loss analysis that enables us to outline a path toward approaching 30% PCE for 4T perovskite/CIGS tandem devices is developed.
Security in5Gand beyond recent advances and future challenges
Authors: Salahdine Fatima , Han Tao , Zhang Ning
Published: September 2022

5G, 6G, and beyond (xG) technologies aim at delivering emerging services with new requirements and challenges, enabling full and hyper mobile connectivity over the world. These beyond 5G networks are expected to ensure better quality of service, very high data rate, improved network security, high capacity, low latency, and low cost. In order to meet these objectives, a number of key enabler technologies have been proposed including massive multiple input multiple output, small cells, mobile edge computing, software defined network, network function virtualization, heterogeneous networks, network slicing, cloud radio access network, ultra‐dense network, energy efficiency, and spectrum sharing. Although, the potential interest of these technologies in the network, they opened the door to many security concerns and challenges making the network security one of the primary concerns of the future wireless communication networks. In this article, we investigated the recent advancements on the xG security issues resulted by each key enabler technologies. We analyzed how to secure the network while meeting the emerging promising services, users' demands, and service requirements. We also discussed how the security issues raised by these emerging technologies can be mitigated for efficient and secure communication.
Classification of Nonmetallic Inclusions in Steel by Data‐Driven Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Ramesh Babu Shashank , Musi Robert , Thiele Kathrin , Michelic Susanne K.
Published: September 2022

Nonmetallic inclusions have strong influence on final steel properties. An important characterization tool to make a comprehensive analysis of nonmetallic inclusions is the scanning electron microscope equipped with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). A major drawback which prevents its use for online‐steel assessment is the time taken for analysis. Machine learning methods have been previously introduced which circumvents the usage of the EDS for obtaining chemical information of the inclusion by classifying inclusion based on their back scatter electron images. This study introduces a method based on a simpler tabular data input consisting of morphological and mean gray values of inclusions. Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine classifier models are built using the R statistical programming language. Two steel grades are considered for this study. The prediction results are shown to be satisfactory for both binary (maximum 89%) and 8‐inclusion class (maximum 61%) categorization. The input dataset is further improved by optimizing the image settings to distinguish the different types of nonmetallic inclusions. It is shown that this improvement results in a higher rate of correct predictions for both binary (maximum 98%) and 8‐class categorization (maximum 81%).
Evaluation of environmental assessment tools for settings for individuals living with dementia
Authors: Calkins Margaret P. , Kaup Migette L. , Abushousheh Addie M.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The overarching goal of research on physical settings for individuals living with dementia is to identify associations between designed features within the built environment and outcomes of interest. Over the past three decades numerous environmental assessment tools have been developed in several countries, responding to a changing set of care industry values that increasingly prioritize a holistic, quality‐of‐life–driven person‐centered care (PCC) model over a biomedical approach to long‐term care (LTC) provision. This article reviews the diversity, constructs, strengths, and limitations of existing environmental assessment tools and identifies gaps for future tool development.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted using four databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Avery Index) and terms related to health‐care environments and assessment tools.

Results

A total of 13 environmental assessment tools for people living with dementia within shared residential settings were identified. Evaluation of the environmental assessment tools includes a synthesis of published data for each tool's reliability, validity, ease of use, interpretability, strengths and weaknesses, as well as a comparison of various tool characteristics including date of development, country of origin, applicable care setting(s), number and variety of measures and underlying constructs, format, and descriptive versus evaluative content.

Discussion

While the shift to person‐centered values encompasses all aspects of care and care settings, the majority of person‐centered definitions exclude the important role of the designed, physical environment. However, this review of environmental assessment tools clearly demonstrates that newer tools are embracing the full array of PCC values. In the United States, this is shown in the shift from tools designed to assess segregated dementia care settings to tools that integrate the needs and preferences both of individuals living with and without dementia. Next‐generation tools need to specifically address the household model of design.

Highlights

The overarching goal of research on physical settings for individuals living with dementia is to identify associations between designed features within the built environment and outcomes of interest.

A systematic literature search identified a total of 13 environmental assessment tools for people living with dementia within shared residential settings; these tools were then described and evaluated based on reliability, validity, ease of use, interpretability, strengths, and weaknesses.

This review of environmental assessment tools clearly demonstrates that newer tools are embracing the full array of person‐centered care values.
Lesion‐to‐anal‐verge distance in rectosigmoid endometriosis on transvaginal sonography vs magnetic resonance imaging: prospective study
Authors: Aas‐Eng M. K. , Young V. S. , Dormagen J. B. , Pripp A. H. , Hudelist G. , Lieng M.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To compare transvaginal sonography (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intraoperative measurement (IOM) using a rectal probe in the estimation of the location of rectosigmoid endometriotic lesions, i.e. lesion‐to‐anal‐verge distance (LAVD), and to compare two different MRI techniques for measuring LAVD.

Methods

This was a prospective single‐center observational study that included women undergoing surgery for symptomatic rectosigmoid endometriosis by discoid (DR) or segmental (SR) resection from December 2018 to December 2019. TVS and MRI were performed presurgically for each participant to evaluate LAVD, and the measurements on imaging were compared with IOM using a rectal probe. Clinically acceptable difference and limits of agreement (LoA) between TVS and MRI compared with IOM were set at ± 20 mm. Two different measuring methods for MRI, MRICenter and MRIDirect, were proposed and evaluated, as there is currently no guideline to describe deep endometriosis on MRI. Bland–Altman plots and LoA were used to assess agreement of TVS and both MRI methods with IOM. Systematic and proportional biases were assessed using paired t‐test and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

Seventy‐five women were eligible for inclusion. Twenty‐eight women were excluded, leaving 47 women for the analysis. Twenty‐three DR and 26 SR procedures were performed, with both procedures performed in two women. The Bland–Altman plots showed that there were no systematic differences between TVS or MRICenter when compared with IOM for all included participants. MRIDirect systematically underestimated LAVD for lesions located further from the anal verge. TVS, MRICenter and MRIDirect had LoA outside the preset clinically acceptable difference when compared with IOM. LAVD was within the clinically acceptable difference from IOM of ± 20 mm in 70% (33/47) of women on TVS, 72% (34/47) of women on MRICenter and 47% (22/47) of women on MRIDirect.

Conclusions

TVS should be the preferred method to estimate the location of a rectosigmoid endometriotic lesion, i.e. LAVD, as it is more available, less expensive and has a similar accuracy to that of MRI. Estimating LAVD can be relevant for planning colorectal surgery for rectosigmoid endometriosis. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Successful management of colonic pythiosis in two dogs in Thailand using antifungal therapy
Authors: Sukanan Pornphan , Suparp Bongkot , Yongsiri Supattra , Chansiripornchai Piyarat , Kesdangsakonwut Sawang
Published: September 2022

Gastrointestinal pythiosis is a severe, progressive and often a fatal disease, which is caused by the aquatic pathogen Pythium insidiosum. Treatment is challenging due to the disease's resistance to antifungal drugs. Surgical resection is frequently attempted in cases of pythiosis; however, it can be technically challenging. This report presents two dogs with decreased appetite, abdominal pain, progressive haematochezia, tenesmus and significant weight loss. With the medical histories of both being young canines, living in areas with access to natural water resources and with the main chronic gastrointestinal symptoms having not responded to symptomatic treatment, pythiosis was taken into consideration. Abdominal ultrasound revealed severe, diffuse thickening and loss of normal layering of the colonic wall. These findings led to a differential diagnosis between intestinal neoplasia and fungal disease. Full‐thickness biopsies were later performed, and immunohistochemistry staining was suggested for colonic pythiosis. Medical treatment for pythiosis was successful with a combination of oral terbinafine and prednisolone. However, therapy with itraconazole in case 1 did not improve the clinical signs, and in case 2, itraconazole was used after all clinical signs have improved for clinical control. Since then, there has been no recurrence of clinical signs until the time of preparing this report (19 months for case 1, 11 months for case 2 since the cessation of treatment). The treatment was successful based on clinical signs and ultrasonographic data, and the disease remission was not confirmed by advance imaging, monitoring of pythiosis enzyme‐linked immunosorbent essay concentration or repeat sampling.
Hodge duality between stress space and strain space in anisotropic media
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Nagahama Hiroyuki
Published: September 2022

Duality in a linear elasticity theory is studied based on a theory of differential form. A generalized expression of a Hodge star operator with an index is introduced. The index in the Hodge star operator means a superposition of ordinary Hodge star operators. By using the superposed Hodge star operator, a linear constitutive relation in anisotropic media can be expressed as a duality between a stress and strain spaces. Then, a basic elastodynamic equation is derived from the conservation law and the linear constitutive relation in the stress and strain spaces. Moreover, a geometric expression of equation of stress function and displacement function is derived by using the differential form and the dual relation of linear constitutive relation. These geometric results imply that the approach of differential forms is applicable to an analysis of deformation in anisotropic media. The superposed Hodge star operator discussed in this study has similar properties of a discrete Hodge operator, which represents the summation of differential forms on the decomposed regions. This means that the superposed Hodge star operator and the discrete Hodge operator express the constitutive relation in which physical quantities act on each other.