bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Em busca do teto perdido: a Constituição Econômica Brasileira, o direito fundamental à moradia de indivíduos em situação de vulnerabilidade social e a contribuição sul-africana no caso Grootboom | In search of the lost shelter: the Brazilian Economic Constitution, the fundamental right to housing forsocially vulnerable individuals and the contribution of the South African Grootboom case
Authors: Sauaia Hugo Moreira Lima
Published: November 2018

Este artigo pretende discutir em que medida é permitido ao Poder Judiciário determinar ao Poder Executivo medidas que visem a efetividade do direito fundamental à moradia para indivíduos socialmente vulneráveis. Explora-se, assim, referido direito à luz da constituição econômica brasileira e de precedente da Corte Constitucional Sul-Africana denominado de caso Grootboom.
DESEMPENHO OPERACIONAL DE COLHEDORA DE ALGODÃO COM SISTEMA DE CONSTRUÇÃO DE MÓDULO EMBARCADO
Authors: Crisóstomo Willian Lima , Mion Renildo Luiz , Martins Myllena Teixeira , Viliotti Carlos Alberto , Silva Luiza Rodrigues Cabral da
Published: November 2018

A cadeia produtiva do algodão é uma importante cultura dentro do estado do Mato Grosso e a constante evolução tecnológica dentro da agricultura trouxe aos agricultores novas opções de máquinas agrícolas, com capacidade de executar múltiplas funções simultaneamente, trazendo maior eficiência ao processo produtivo da fibra. Com o conhecimento do rendimento de tais máquinas a campo, o produtor tem uma importante informação para o adequado dimensionamento do parque de máquinas, dado o momento da colheita, a fim de realizar a atividade dentro de período de tempo hábil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar com maior fidelidade os índices operacionais que tais máquinas atingem em lavoura comercial de algodão no estado do Mato Grosso, levantando valores referentes à capacidade de campo operacional, capacidade de campo efetiva, eficiência de campo, eficiência operacional e consumo de combustível, resultando em valores de 60%, 67% e 20,3 L ha-¹ colhido, respectivamente.
EFEITO RESIDUAL DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DE BOVINOCULTURA NA QUALIDADE DE UM SOLO ARGILO-ARENOSO
Authors: Bortoni Samanta Ferreira , Silva Jonathas Batista Gonçalves , Sousa Camila Pinho de
Published: November 2018

Nos últimos anos, a crescente geração de resíduos e sua destinação inadequada têm gerado relevantes impactos ambientais. A fertirrigação é uma das técnicas de reaproveitamento e destinação dos resíduos, com benefícios para a cultura e solo, porém, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito residual da fertirrigação no solo. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a análise de um solo argilo-arenoso previamente fertirrigado com água residuária de bovinocultura (ARB), utilizando o rabanete (Raphanussativus) como bioindicador. Foram utilizados cinco tratamentos com diferentes porcentagens de água residuária: T1 (0% ARB); T2 (50% ARB); T3 (100% ARB); T4 (200% ARB) e T5 (300% ARB). Avaliou-se o comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro do bulbo, massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, desempenho fotossintético e fitotoxicidade da cultura em estudo para os diferentes tratamentos. A água residuária de bovinocultura elevou a fertilidade do solo, o que resultou no aumento do desenvolvimento do rabanete, no que diz respeito ao comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro do bulbo, massa seca da parte aérea e raiz e desempenho fotossintético. Entretanto, para o tratamento com 300% de água residuária (T5), foi observado um decréscimo no comprimento da parte aérea, no diâmetro do bulbo e na massa seca da parte aérea e raiz, possivelmente, devido ao aumento das concentrações de sódio no solo. De modo geral, a aplicação de doses de ARB que suplanta expressivamente a demanda nutricional das culturas pode acarretar o aumento expressivo dos níveis de sódio no solo e, com isso, a diminuição do desempenho das culturas.
CARGA TÉRMICA RADIANTE EM AMBIENTES SOMBREADOS E A PLENO SOL: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Sampaio Carlos Augusto de Paiva , Terezo Rodrigo Figueiredo , Schoroeter Braion , Schneider Odarin
Published: November 2018

A radiação solar é a principal fonte de calor ambiental adquirida pelos animais. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade térmica de ambientes formados por grama para pastagem sombreada (GSeuc), grama para pastagem ao sol (Gsol) e solo compactado ao sol (CAsol), usados na produção bovina, quanto ao conforto e inércia térmica, nas condições de máximo calor solar. As medidas efetuadas foram temperaturas de bulbo seco e de bulbo úmido, temperatura de globo negro, umidade do ar e velocidade do vento para a obtenção dos índices térmicos. De acordo com os resultados, os ambientes Gsol e CAsol não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas pelo índice Temperatura de Globo e Umidade (ITGU). O ambiente GSeuc reduziu o ganho de calor mostrado nos valores dos índices Temperatura de Globo e Umidade (ITGU), Carga Térmica de Radiação (CTR) e da Temperatura de Globo Negro (Tgn) em relação aos demais ambientes em até 12,7%, 30,0% e 7,0oC, respectivamente. Para cada 1% de acréscimo na Carga Térmica de Radiação (CTR), proporcionou-se um aumento em até 0,30%, 0,72% e de 0,60% nos valores do índice Temperatura de Globo e Umidade (ITGU) nos ambientes GSeuc, Gsol e CAsol, respectivamente. O atraso térmico foi de até 4,0 horas para GSeuc em relação aos demais ambientes. O ambiente que proveu melhores condições térmicas foi constituído por grama para pastagem sombreada por pequeno bosque de árvores de Eucalipto.
PRODUÇÃO DE BIOMASSA E FITOEXTRAÇÃO DE CU E ZN PELO CAPIM-ELEFANTE CULTIVADO EM LODO DE ESGOTO PURO
Authors: Alvarenga Anarelly Costa , Cardoso Paulo Henrique Silveira , Coutinho Marcos Antônio Neres , Oliveira Agda Loureiro Gonçalves , Sampaio Regynaldo Arruda
Published: November 2018

A presença de elevadas concentrações de Cu e Zn no lodo de esgoto pode limitar a sua utilização agrícola como fertilizante orgânico. Portanto, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a produção de biomassa e fitoextração de Cu e Zn pelo capim-elefante cultivado em lodo de esgoto puro. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, no delineamento blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos corresponderam a cinco períodos de cultivo do capim-elefante em parcelas de lodo de esgoto puro (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 dias), com cinco repetições. O capim-elefante demonstrou alta capacidade de desenvolvimento no lodo de esgoto puro, apesar das condições adversas enfrentadas, como aquecimento do resíduo e concentração elevada de Zn. No período de 120 dias, o capim-elefante cultivado em lodo de esgoto produziu 33,6 t há-1 de massa seca de parte aérea. O aumento do tempo de cultivo proporcionou acréscimos na extração de Cu e Zn pela planta. No entanto, o capim-elefante apresentou uma baixa capacidade de fitoextração de Cu e Zn no lodo de esgoto, mesmo com cultivos mais longos.
Proceso de Lana: Playing Andean culture through board games
Authors: Underberg-Goode Natalie , Smith Peter
Published: November 2018

Andean culture and folklore is an interesting topic that should be explored and valued by other cultures. Unfortunately, it is difficult to explain the intricacies of the differences between the culture of the Andean people and that of people in the United States to young people. In an effort to bridge the gap, a game called Proceso de Lana was designed to provide an opportunity to role-play as a member of an Andean village as they process wool, weave it into textiles, and sell it at the market. The board game’s design seeks to convey various Andean concepts such as reciprocity and cooperative labour in what appears on its face to be a traditional competitive game. Players learn about the Andean culture and folklore, while gaining an appreciation for Andean world-view and lifeways.
The impact of digital practices on the perception of risks and benefits of digital gaming
Authors: Aranda Daniel , Sánchez-Navarro Jordi , Martínez-Cerdà Juan-Francisco , Meneses Julio
Published: November 2018

This study introduces a new multivariate framework around a set of digital practices such as entertainment-oriented uses, information-oriented uses, social-connection uses and e-commerce uses, and shows that these digital practices are, in fact, important predictors of the positive and negative perceptions of digital gaming. We developed two multiple regression models on a representative sample of the Spanish population. After controlling for socio-demographic factors (age, gender and level of education), our models reveal that gaming-related perceptions of benefits and risks are associated with people’s concrete personal experiences with digital games and, interestingly, to the greater or lesser development of their digital practices. We show that the perceptions of benefits with regard to video games are related to more developed digital practices. Conversely, the perceptions of risk are higher in the case of individuals who lack exposure and experiences regarding digital practices.
Bioactivity of the organic extracts of Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur (Euphorbiaceae) on the cabbage-caterpillar
Authors: Carvalho Neto Moisés Felix de , Gonçalves Gervásio Rita de Cássia Rodrigues , Araújo Edigênia Cavalcante da Cruz , Almeida Jadson Cardoso de , Oliveira Ana Paula De
Published: November 2018

The aim of the current study was to identify the phytochemical profile of several different fractions of the ethanolic extract taken from the cansanção-nettle leaves, as well as assess the bioactivity on Ascia monuste orseis. After gathering the plant samples, the species was identified, and the organic extracts were collected after processing was completed in the laboratory. The fractions obtained were as follows: hexane (Hex-F), chloroform (CHCl3-F), ethyl acetate (AcOEt-F) and methanolic (MeOH-F). In the context of the insect, the biological parameters evaluated included the incubation period, egg viability, length of the larval stage and mortality, pupal viability and weight, number of defective adults and leaf consumption. The extracts revealed a large percentage of anthraquinones, coumarins, anthracene derivatives, terpenes and steroids and water-soluble tannins. All the organic extracts were confirmed to exert a negative effect on the embryonic, larval, pupal and adult phases of the cabbage-caterpillar, implying that the chloroform fraction induced 100% mortality in this pierid. It was also possible to verify that all the fractions also affected the feeding behavior of the cabbage-caterpillar, decreasing the leaf consumption by the larvae during the organic extract treatments.
Electric conductivity levels in irrigation water and application of biofertilizer in peanut Br1 crops
Authors: Alves Lunara De Sousa , Véras Mário Leno Martins , Araújo Danila Lima de , Melo Filho José Sebastião de , Irineu Toni Halan Da Silva , Andrade Raimundo
Published: November 2018

Peanut is an oilseed cultivated in semiarid region. However, the lack of knowledge about irrigation and fertilization makes it difficult to increase its yield. Thus, the aim of this research was to study the effect of irrigation with water of different electrical conductivities and application of biofertilizer in peanut Br1. The research was carried out from August to November, 2014 at the State University of Paraíba - Campus IV, Brazil. The study was performed in a completely randomized design in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments were related to different electrical conductivities in the irrigation water: (S1 = 0.8; S2 = 1.5; S3 = 3; e S4 = 4.5 dS m-1) with and without biofertilizer application. It was verified that the electrical conductivity influenced significantly all analyzed variables, except root fresh mass. For biofertilizer application, according to the Tukey´s test, only plant height and number of leaves were significantly influenced. Electrical conductivities in irrigation water above 0.8 dS m-1 reduce peanut growth and biomass production. The application of biofertilizer provides positive results in peanut cultivation in a Fluvic Neosol.
Nitrogen and potassium in cover fertilization of cotton in latossols with different clay content
Authors: Lopes Liliane Oliveira , Lacerda Julian Junio de Jesus , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Matias Sammy Sidney Rocha , Moura Márcio Cleto Soares de , Araujo Raphael Lira
Published: November 2018

Nitrogen and potassium are the most extracted nutrients by cotton, making necessary the replacement by fertilization. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cotton yield under different nitrogen and potassium doses as cover fertilization in latosols with different textures, in a ‘Cerrado’ biome area. The experiment was carried out at the Harmonia Farm, municipality of Sapezal – MT, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, with four repetitions. Treatments were arranged in an incomplete fractional triple factorial scheme (3/4)42 x 2, totaling 72 experimental units. The N doses consisted of 46, 69, 92 and 115 kg ha-1 and the four K2O doses of 62, 93, 124 and 155 kg ha-1, with different combinations for the cover fertilization of the cotton crop, in two areas, one with 420 and other with 625 g kg-1 of clay. Cotton yield depends on the soil clay content. Appropriate doses of N and K, applied together on cover can increase the cotton yield in 1508 kg ha-1, when compared to control. Under the experimental conditions, it is suggested the application of 78 kg ha-1 of N and 155 kg ha-1 of K2O as cover fertilization for a soil with 420 g kg-1 of clay and 71 kg ha-1 of N and 124 kg ha-1 of K2O as cover fertilization on soils with the clay content of 625 g kg-1.
Soil organic matter fractions, chemical attributes and aggregation under forestry and agricultural systems
Authors: Silva Cristiane Figueira da , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Feitosa Júlio César Fernandes , Fonseca Júnior Ariovaldo Machado , Gaia-Gomes João Henrique , Menezes Carlos Eduardo Gabriel
Published: November 2018

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the conversion of forest systems to agricultural systems in the organic matter compartments, aggregation and soil chemical attributes, in the Atlantic Forest. The evaluated systems were: annual crop (ACr); perennial agriculture (PAg); pasture; and secondary forest early (SFES), medium (SFMS), and advanced stage (SFAS). Soil samples were collected at the layer of 0-5 cm depth and quantified the total organic carbon (TOC), C of humic substances, oxidizable C, granulometric fractions of soil organic matter (SOM), soil chemical attributes, soil aggregation and glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP-total and GRSP-easily extractable) in different aggregate classes. It was observed a reduction of the TOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), humic substances and oxidizable C in the PAg and ACr areas comparing to pasture and forest systems. Moreover, the pH values increased whereas P content decreased in comparison with SFAS. As for aggregation, the PAg and the ACr decreased by around 35% and 20% the mean weight diameter of aggregates, respectively, compared to the average values found in the forestry systems, and 34% and 45%, respectively in relation to pasture. In general, GRSP-total were reduced by agriculture. Thus, it appears that the agriculture which has been practiced is altering negatively the soil chemical, physical and biological attributes.
Growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings under salinity levels and application of biofertilizer
Authors: Véras Mario Leno Martins , Arruda Rafaela Da Silva , Alves Lunara De Sousa , Melo Filho José Sebastião de , Irineu Toni Halan Da Silva , Dias Thiago Jardelino
Published: November 2018

Pitombeira is a native fruit tree from Amazon and is exploited in an extractive way. Currently, there is no commercial cultivation of this crop since there are no technologies for cultivation, propagation methods, fertilization and irrigation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings (Talisia esculenta (A. St.-Hill.) Radlk.) under salinity levels with or without bovine biofertilizer. The experiment was performed in a nursery at the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV, in Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba, from September to December 2015. It was adopted a completely randomized design (CRD) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, in factorial arrangement 5 x 2, corresponding to 5 salinity levels: (0,8; 2; 4; 6 e 8 dS m-1) with or without bovine biofertilization. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total leaf area, Dickson quality index, dry mass of root, stem, leaf and the whole plant were analyzed. The increase in salinity provides a decrease in growth and dry matter of pitombeira seedlings. The use of biofertilizers mitigates the harmful effects of salinity on pitombeira seedlings.
Nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur omission in grass Convert
Authors: Miranda Rafaela Pereira , Pietroski Marizane , Matos Fabiano Bernardo , Seben Junior Getulio Freitas , Caione Gustavo
Published: November 2018

Intensive use of Brazilian pastures without the maintenance of soil fertility has decreased their productivity and favoring the onset of symptoms of nutritional deficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, potassium, calcium and sulfur omission in symptomatology, growth and dry mass accumulation in grass Convert. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were: full nutrient solution, nitrogen omission (N), potassium omission (K), calcium omission (-Ca) and sulfur omission (S). The variables were the number of tillers, leaf number, root size, shoot height, characterization of symptoms of deficiency and shoot and root dry mass accumulation. The data were submitted to the F test by analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey’s test (p <0.05). The omission of N, K, Ca and S limited the development of Convert grass compared to the full nutrient solution treatment, reducing the number of leaves, tillers, height, root size and dry mass production. The nutrient omission modified forage morphology, showing visual symptoms of deficiency of each nutrient evaluated. The decreasing order of onset of symptoms was N, Ca, S and K.
Performance of crispy lettuce cultivars in different soil covers
Authors: Vargas Pablo Forlan , Zecchini Amanda Chiarion , Soares Renato Silva , Duarte Leonardo Dos Santos , Silva Edgard Henrique Costa
Published: November 2018

The lettuce cropping is an important segment of the national agriculture, with strong economic expression. However, climatic factors such as high temperature and humidity can affect this vegetable cultivation. These environmental conditions are common in various Brazilian regions, so the growers should adopt crop management systems, as soil covers, to minimize the environmental effect and obtain higher returns. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different soil covers on the agronomic performance of crispy lettuce cultivars. The study was conducted at UNESP, Registro Campus, Brazil, from August to October, 2013. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, arranged in a 4x4 factorial, with three repetitions. The treatments consisted of the factors soil covers (black mulching, silver mulching, white mulching and control) and cultivars (Inaiá, Milena, Vanda and Vera). The experimental unit consisted of fifteen plants, with the useful area composed of nine central plants. At harvest, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, head diameter, fresh mass, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf height, stem diameter, heart diameter, heart height, dry mass, yield and nitrate content. Among the studied covers, white mulching showed the best results for the main productive characteristics and can be used as soil cover in the cultivation of Vera, Vanda and Inaiá culivars.
Availability of floral resources in yellow passion fruit cultivars
Authors: Oliveira Cobra Simone Santos , Silva Celice Alexandre , Krause Willian , Lage Laís
Published: November 2018

The reproductive strategies and resources available in the flower are characteristics that stimulate research studies on the genetic improvement and fruit yield of commercial cultivars. In this sense, this study aimed to study the floral biology aspects of passion fruit cultivars in Tangará da Serra region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil at different evaluation times. The experiment was carried out with eight cultivars of yellow passion fruit from an ex situ germplasm bank of the State University of Mato Grosso. The floral resources (pollen and nectar) were evaluated in a completely randomized, factorial arrangement (8 cultivars x 5 evaluation times), with five replications. Throughout anthesis, the pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and sugar volume and concentration in the nectar were evaluated. The evaluations were carried out in 1-h intervals, between 1:30 and 5:30 p.m. The highest nectar volume production was at 2:30 p.m., decreasing gradually thereafter at the later evaluation times, for all cultivars. Pollen viability increased from the first to the second evaluation time and then decreased gradually until the last evaluation. Stigma receptivity was higher than 90% in all cultivars, at all evaluation times. BRS Rubi do Cerrado and FB 200 were the most promising cultivars for nectar volume and concentration, pollen viability, and stigma receptivity characteristics.
‘Cerejeira da mata’ and ‘guabijuzeiro’ propagation by air layering
Authors: Hossel Cristiano , Wagner Júnior Américo , Hossel Jéssica Scalet Alves de Oliveira , Fabiane Keli Cristina , Citadin Idemir
Published: November 2018

‘Guabijuzeiro’ and ‘cerejeira da mata’ are plant species from the Myrtaceae family, with many difficulties in asexual multiplication. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate ‘cerejeira da mata’ (Eugenia involucrata DC.) tree and ‘guabijuzeiro’ [Myrcianthes pungens (Berg) Legrand] tree propagation by air layering, using different IBA concentrations (0, 1000 , 2000 and 3000 mg L-1) and materials to wrap the substrate (transparent plastic, black plastic and transparent plastic + aluminum foil). The experimental design for both experiments was a randomized blocks, in a 3 x 4 factorial (wrapping material x IBA concentration), with three repetitions of five air layering each. After 180 days, the percentage of rooting, length and number of roots were evaluated. Sixty days after rooting the percentage of survival plants were evaluated. The air layering technique was not efficient in the ‘guabijuzeiro’ propagation. This technique could be used in ‘cerejeira da mata’ plants without the IBA application and using transparent plastic, but with low performance.
Proline and ions accumulation in four Passiflora species under water-saline stress
Authors: Hurtado Salazar Alejandro , Pereira da Silva Danielle Fabiola , Ceballos-Aguirre Nelson , Ocampo John , Horst Bruckner Claudio
Published: November 2018

Water-saline stress is one of the factors limiting growth and crop production, with the induction of morphological, structural and metabolic changes in higher plants. This study aimed to evaluate the response of four species with ten accessions of Passiflora to saline stress and drought stress, and the accumulation of proline and content of cationic macronutrients and their relationships with sodium. The plants were grown under controlled conditions for seven months, watered with nutrient solution with additions of NaCl (100 mM) to achieve the desired conductivities (1.5, 2.5, 4.0, and 5.5 dS m-1) and constant substrate humidity of 100%, 66% and 33%. The concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++ and proline in the leaves were determined. Proline accumulation increased in salinized plants, especially in young leaves. Proline increase was evident in accessions tolerant and moderately tolerant to salinity. These results indicate that tolerance to salinity and water stress in Passiflora relates to an improved ability to exclude sodium and greater ability to accumulate proline for osmotic adjustment. The increased salinity of the nutrient solution increased sodium contents, relations Na+/Ca++, Na+/Mg++, Na+/K+, and decreased Ca++, Mg++ and K+ levels, reflecting the nutritional imbalance caused by progressive saline stress.
Bioactivator on physiological performance of tomato and onion seeds
Authors: Tunes Lilian Madruga , Almeida Andréia Da Silva , Meneghello Géri Eduardo , Villela Francisco Amaral , Soares Vanessa Nogueira , Bortolotti Murilo
Published: November 2018

Vegetable seeds have high commercial value, in the field after sowed seeds were exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions capable of causing reductions in the yield. Thiamethoxam is a bio-activator that may confer tolerance to stresses. In this regard, we aimed to evaluate the influence of thiamethoxam in the physiological performance of four lots of tomato and onion seeds. Seeds were treated with five doses of thiamethoxam, 0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 ml of product per 1000 seeds. The effects of the seed treatments were evaluated by the assessments of the first count of germination, sprouting test, cold test, accelerated aging and seedling`s emergence in the greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates per lot and by species. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and adjusted by orthogonal polynomials, using the adjusting equation based on the significance of F test at 5% probability. The bioactivator provided an increase in germination percentage, the first count of ermination, germination after accelerated aging, cold test and seedling’s emergence for low vigor seed lots. The bioactivator thiamethoxam stimulates the physiological performance of tomato and onion seeds. Doses of 0.5 to 0.6 mL of thiamethoxam per 1000 seeds of tomato and onion correspond to technical maximum efficiency.
Concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) in micropropagation of banana ‘Farta Velhaco’ (AAB)
Authors: Pereira Gustavo Alves , Santaella Marcilio Broboff , Alves Lefayete Michele Santana Montenegro , Silva Elder Cassimiro , Flenga Aparecida Islayne Silva , Santos Danilo Marcelo Aires
Published: November 2018

Propagation methods such as in vitro micropropagation have been developed and improved to increase the multiplication rate in a short time and improve the seedlings quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the different BAP concentrations on micropropagation of ‘Farta Velhaco’ banana during in vitro multiplication phase. The treatments were: T1 – control (0 mg L-1); T2 - 0.5 mg L-1; T3 - 1 mg L-1; T4 - 1.5 mg L-1; T5 - 2 mg L-1; T6 - 2.5 mg L-1; T7 - 3.0 mg L-1; T8 - 3.5 mg L-1 and T9 - 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP added to the MS culture medium. The total number of shoots produced per explant initial subculture every 30 days was evaluated. The highest number of shoots is recorded 2.5 mg L-1 BAP concentration, which promotes 3 shoots per explant in the 4th subculture. The 4.0 mg L-1 BAP concentration reduces the number of shoots.
Rooting of olive minicuttings at different seasons grown in clonal minigarden
Authors: Casarin Josiane Vergara , Ramm Aline , Raasch Carlos Gustavo , Timm Cari Rejane Fiss , Schuch Márcia Wulff
Published: November 2018

The objectives were: a) to evaluate the initial development of olive ministumps in semi-hydroponic and conventional systems; b) evaluate the productivity ministumps in successive collections and the rooting of minicuttings of olive tree collected at different times of the year clonal mini garden cultivated in semi-hydroponic and conventional systems. The cultivation systems used were the semi-hydroponics and conventional, to which was evaluated for 90 days of cultivation the initial growth of ministumps. After that began the collection of plant material in cropping systems. The variables analyzed were: the initial growth of ministumps, productivity, the percentage of survival and rooting, the number and length of roots and also found the survival of rooted minicuttings of cropping systems. The cultivation of olive ministumps in semi-hydroponic system is more efficient in minicuttings productivity than the conventional system. The minicuttings collected in separate semi-hydroponic system collecting time showed the best results for the variables analyzed in relation to the conventional system of cultivation.
Spatial interpolation techniques for site-specific irrigation management in a mango orchard
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Sales , Alves David Castro , Souza Valéria Cristina De , Melo Antonio Carlos De , Lima Augusto Miguel Do Nascimento
Published: November 2018

Interpolation techniques can be a suitable approach to apply site-specific management for irrigation in fruit fields. However, which interpolation method will produce more accurate maps? In order to respond this question, the aim of this study was to test the performance of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil physical properties for site-specific irrigation management purpose in a mango orchard in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The experimental site was structured in a grid of 60 georeferenced points, which correspond to the number of mango trees spaced about 8 × 10-m in a fruit field in Petrolina county, Pernambuco. Soil texture, bulk density, volumetric water content at -0.01; -0.033; -0.06; -0.1; and -1.5 MPa, and soil water available were determined. Stochastic and deterministic interpolation methods were tested. Soil physical properties did not show spatial dependence preventing the interpolation by stochastic method (Kriging). However, it was possible to interpolate using deterministic methods such as inverse distance weight (IDW), local polynomial interpolation (LPI), and Radial basis functions (RBF). IDW and RBF showed the best results of map quality for physical properties, however, all interpolation method showed relative small errors and could be all used for delineating zones for site-specific irrigation management.
Weed incidence and sowing time affect soybean development
Authors: Schievenin Luciano , Caron Braulio Otomar , Elli Elvis Felipe , Schwerz Felipe , Rockenbach Ana Paula , Orsolin da Silva Diecson Ruy
Published: November 2018

Despite the economic importance of the effects of weeds on the plastochron and emission of nodes of soybean plants, it has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to provide information about the effects of weeds on the development of soybean plants by determining the plastochron and number of nodes of soybean plants of different cultivars sown at different times in soils with presence and absence of weeds. A field study was conducted during the 2013/2014 crop season including a phytosociological survey to identify the occurring weeds, and the determination of the plastochron and final number of nodes of soybean plants. Four botanical families of weeds were found infesting the soybean crops. The plastochron and final number of nodes of soybean were influenced by the cultivar, sowing time, and presence of weeds. The plastochron was higher when the plants were grown in the presence weeds due to the higher relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, and importance value index of the Euphorbia heterophyla, Ipomoea purpurea, and Urochloa plantaginea species, which resulted in a slower development of the soybean plants, and lower number of nodes per plant.
Correlations and path analysis for yield components in irrigated rice
Authors: Anibele Streck Eduardo , Almeida Aguiar Gabriel , Karling Facchinello Paulo Henrique , Perin Lais , Kuhn Krüger Tuise , Martins de Magalhães Júnior Ariano
Published: November 2018

Grain yield of irrigated rice is a complex character resulting from the expression and association of different components, which should be considered by the breeder for an efficient process of selection of new genotypes. In this sense, the objective is to highlight the phenotypic correlations and the direct and indirect associations of the main components related to crop yield via path analysis. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field of the Lowlands Station of Embrapa Clima Temperado using six genotypes of irrigated rice: the cultivars BRS Pampa, BRS IRGA 409, BRS 7 ‘Taim’, BRS Sinuelo CL, BRS Pampeira and AB 10101 CL. The agronomic characters evaluated were grain yield, days to flowering, panicle length, panicle mass, number of fertile spikelets, number of sterile spikelets, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per square meter, and mass of one thousand grains. The number of fertile spikelets, number of panicles per square meter, panicle mass and mass of one thousand grains influenced grain yield, both through phenotypic correlation and direct effects. In addition, there was a high direct linear tendency of these variables towards yield. Panicle length and number of sterile spikelets showed a potential of use in the indirect selection for grain yield.
Is seaweed extract an elicitor compound? Changing proline content in drought-stressed bean plants
Authors: Carvalho Marcia E.A. , Castro Paulo R.C. , Gaziola Salete A. , Azevedo Ricardo A.
Published: November 2018

Abiotic stresses negatively affect crop development and yield. However, the use of seaweed extracts can alleviate production losses through improvement of the antioxidant system and synthesis of compatible osmolytes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Ascophyllum nodosum extract on antioxidant response and yield of common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) under drought stress. Therefore, two methods of application (foliar spray and soil irrigation) and two doses (5 and 10 mL L-1) were tested, whereas untreated plants were used as control. There were no significant differences in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents among treatments, indicating that application of seaweed extract did not change the oxidative status in treated plants when compared to the control ones. On the other hand, the use of seaweed extract increased proline content even prior to drought stress (46.3 to 145.4% when compared to the control), and this increment remained until the 10th day of stress (from 60.1 to 201.7% over the reference plants), supporting early evidences that A. nodosum extract is a plant elicitor. The yield parameters were not affected by the extract, probably due to the severe drought stress which plants were submitted. The results suggest that A. nodosum extract affects proline metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris plants, making the synthesis of this osmolyte more responsive to drought stress because seaweed-treated plants presented a higher proline content than the control ones during the exposure to water deficit.
Management of nitrogen fertilization in maize cultivated in succession to black oats in a temperate climate
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Henrique , Besen Marcos Renan , Fioreze Samuel Luiz , Piva Jonatas Thiago
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to verify early nitrogen (N) fertilization on maize cultivated in succession to black oats. We conducted three experiments, relating to the 2012/13, 2013/14, and 2014/15 growing seasons, at UFSC-Curitibanos, in a randomized complete block experimental design, with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were N management strategies in which the amount of N applied to maize was split into pre-sowing, at sowing, and topdressing times: (T1) control with no N application; (T2) 2/3 - 1/3 - 0; (T3) 1/3 - 1/3 - 1/3; and (T4) 0 - 1/3 - 2/3. The biometrics and productive potential parameters of the crop were evaluated. Application of N, regardless of the treatment, increased the yield. In 2012/13, there were no significant differences between the ways in which the N application was split, although they produced a higher yield than the control, resulting in a mean yield of 5,008 kg ha-1. In 2013/14, T2 was similar to T3 and T4, resulting in a yield of 9,858 kg ha-1; in 2014/15, T3 and T4 were similar, with a mean yield of 12,466 kg ha-1, while T2 resulted in a lower yield of 10,487 kg ha-1. When 2/3 of the N is applied pre-sowing, it is only effective when it is associated with the occurrence of a drought period at an early developmental stage of the plants. In adequate rainfall conditions, the early application of N fertilization is only effective when combined with a further 1/3 of the amount of N at sowing, and later as a topdressing.
In vitro cultivation of Tamarindus indica L.: explants obtention and contamination in culture medium
Authors: Ferreira Antonio Flávio Arruda , Monteiro Laís Naiara Honorato , Rodrigues Maria Gabriela Fontanetti , Oliveira Natália Batista , Boliani Aparecida Conceição
Published: November 2018

The tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica L.) is a common tree in tropical countries with a great exploitation potential due to its high nutritional value and important pharmaceutical characteristics, justifying its potential as a promising crop. The scarcity of scientific studies of the species, especially on propagation, hinders its availability and, consequently, the supply of the product in the market. The aim of this study was to verify the obtainment of nodal segments via sexual propagation and the in vitro establishment of sweet tamarind in MS culture medium (25, 50, 75 and 100% of salts) and with or without activated charcoal (2 g.L-1). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme (presence and absence of activated carbon x salt concentrations), with 25 replicates, each replicate consisting of a test tube with an inoculated explant. According to the results, it is possible to conclude that from seedlings with 45 days after sowing, nodal segments of sweet tamarind are obtained for in vitro establishment. As a precursor of protocol for in vitro formation of healthy seedlings is indicated the use of MS culture medium with 75 % of the salts and added with 2 gL-1 of activated charcoal to reduce the contamination index.
Grain yield, adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes in different Cerrado environments of Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Alcantara Neto Francisco De , Oliveira Tavares Silvana De , Leite Wallace De Sousa , Da Silva José Algaci Lopes , Matos Filho Carlos Humberto Aires , Gravina Geraldo De Amaral
Published: November 2018

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the grain yield and the phenotypic adaptability and stability of soybean genotypes in different Cerrado environments of Piauí, Brazil, to provide indications for cultivation in the region. Therefore, we evaluated 23 soybean genotypes and three checks in three different site (Bom Jesus-PI, Monte Alegre-PI and Currais-PI) and environments (crop year 2010/11, 2011/12 and 2012/13). Experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The behavior for the average grain yield of genotypes within and among environments was verified using the Scott Knott’s method of clustering of means (P <0.05). For the study of adaptability and stability, the methods of analysis of Eberhart and Russell and AMMI were used. Genotypes had the best performance of genetic potential in 2010/11 crop year. The best group in Bom Jesus-PI consisted of 16 genotypes and had an average grain yield higher than 3181.61 kg ha-1, what is well above the global average grain yield (2108.26 kg ha-1). G5 and G9 genotypes were the ones with greater adaptability and stability in the three environments with high average grain yield (2362.5 kg ha-1). Therefore, the identification of genotypes presenting such behavior is important for recommending cultivation in the studied environments or in similar areas. It was possible to identify genotypes that have high grain yield and that are stable and adapted for cultivation in the Cerrado at Piauí state.
Growth and accumulation of nutrients in organic jambu
Authors: Grangeiro Leilson Costa , Souto Gilberta Carneiro , Sousa Valdivia Fátima Lima , Carneiro Jader Vieira , Silva Jorge Luiz Alaves , Santos Jandeilson Pereira
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of nutrients in accessions of organic jambu. The experiment was conducted in the didactic garden of the Federal Institute of Pará, Campus Castanhal, in the period May and June 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replicates. The treatments were a combination of two jambu accessions (Purple Flower and Yellow Flower) and five sampling times (10, 18, 26, 34 and 42 days after transplanting - DAT). The period of greatest growth and nutrient demand was for access to Purple Flower from 18 to 34 DAT and for the Yellow Flower from 26 to 42 DAT. Nutrient accumulation by the two accesses of jambu, in decreasing order, was: potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus.
Relative yield of wheat in coexistence with concurrent plants as indicator of competitiveness
Authors: Reinehr Marcela , Lamego Fabiane Pinto , Peruzzo Sabrina Tolloti , Caratti Fernanda Cassiane , Fabiani Mirian Fracasso , Mazzon Marinês
Published: November 2018

One of the factors that limit the yield of wheat is the weed competition, being the competitive potential of plants affected by their morphophysiological characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the competitiveness of wheat when in coexistence with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and radish (Raphanus sativus) competitive plants or with wheat as simulator competition plant. There were realized four experiments in the greenhouse of the Agricultural Department of Environmental Sciences of the UFSM, Campus of Frederico Westphalen – RS, during July to September, 2012. The treatments were arranged in a replacement series, in the proportions of 100:00 (wheat monoculture), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100:00 (competitor plant monoculture) for wheat plants (cv. Fundacep Cristalino) and for Italian ryegrass, radish and wheat (cv. BRS Guamirim) as competitor plants. The wheat is more competitive than Italian ryegrass in initial coexistence, even in the smallest proportion of plants. The radish when intercropped with wheat demonstrates similar competitive potential for environmental resources to the crop. There is mutual beneficial effect when wheat cultivars Fundacep Cristalino and BRS Guamirim coexisted, and each cultivar seems to have mechanism to avoid competition.
Agronomic efficiency of ‘Cantaloupe’ melon under different water blades and organic fertilization
Authors: Irineu Toni Halan da Silva , Figueredo Lucimara Ferreira de , Figueredo Janailson Pereira de , Silva Josimar Nogueora da , Paiva Jacinto Rômulo Guedes de , Andrade Raimundo
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation blades on the presence and absence of biofertilizer on the agronomic performance of the ‘Cantaloupe’ melon in the Paraíba backwoods. The work was conducted under field conditions in the Agroecology Sector, belonging to the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campus IV. The experimental design was a randomized block using four irrigation blades (60, 80, 100 and 120% - ET0, (mm day-1)) with presence and absence of biofertilizer replicated six times. The following variables were evaluated: main branch length, leaf area, number of leaves, phytomass aerial part, pulp diameter, soluble solids, bark diameter, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit and weight of 100 seeds. The irrigation blade of 120% of ET0 promoted greater growth and development since biofertilizer application provided a greater number of seeds per fruit and weight of 100 seeds, there was no interaction between the factors studied in both variables evaluated in the Cantaloupe melon.
Use of residual herbicides in soybean and impact on corn in succession
Authors: Constantin Jamil , Biffe Denis Fernando , Oliveira Jr. Rubem Silvério de , Rosa Ênio Lemes , Gheno Eliezer Antonio , Machado Fellipe Goulart , Pereira Braz Guilherme Braga
Published: November 2018

The weed resistance to herbicides has generated the need to adopt different management strategies, listing the tank mixture applications and use of herbicides in different modalities. In this context, it is essential to evaluate the selectivity of these herbicides associations for the crop in which the positioning is performed, as well as the effect of the residual activity of these affecting the crop sown in succession. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control efficacy and selectivity of herbicides applied in pre and post-emergence in soybeans, and the effect of the residual activity of these products on corn cultivated in succession. Two experiments were conducted in field conditions, one for evaluating the effectiveness of the herbicides associations on weed control in soybeans and another to check the selectivity of these for soybeans and the carryover effect for corn cultivated in succession. The experimental design used in both experiments was the completely randomized blocks evaluating nine treatments. All treatments presented efficacy in the control of B. pilosa, D. horizontalis, and C. echinatus. Reductions in soybean yields were observed with the application of diclosulam (25.2 g ha-1) in pre or post-emergence. The association among glyphosate + trifluralin + cloransulam (720 + 1350 + 33,6 g ha-1) caused reductions in soybean yield. None of the treatments used in soybeans affected the corn yield grown in succession.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Begomovirus Infecting Malva (Gaya guerkeana K. Schum.)
Authors: Ferro Mayra Machado de Medeiros , Tenório Arthur Alencar Raposo , Silva Sarah Jacqueline Cavalcanti da , Silva Janaíne Rossane Araújo , Ramos-Sobrinho Roberto , Lima Gaus Silvestre de Andrade , Assunção Iraildes Pereira
Published: November 2018

The genus Begomovirus (family Geminirvidae) comprises circular single-stranded DNA viruses that infect both cultivated and non-cultivated hosts, being transmitted by the insect vector Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). This study aimed to conduct the molecular characterization of a novel begomovirus infecting the non-cultivated plant Gaya guerkeana K. Schum. (Malvaceae). A leaf sample of G. guerkeana was collected in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in 2010. Viral genomic components were amplified via RCA, cloned, and commercially sequenced. The full-length DNA-A sequence was used for phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparisons with other previously reported begomoviruses. The begomovirus DNA-A from G. guerkeana was most closely related to the Sida mottle Alagoas virus (SiMoAV, JX871386), having 84.8% nucleotide identity. Using the ≥ 91% identity criteria for DNA-A established by the Geminivirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, this isolate was considered a putative new begomovirus species, and the name Gaya yellow mosaic virus (GaYMV) is suggested. The GaYMV isolate grouped with SiMoAV and other begomoviruses infecting Sida spp. from the State of Alagoas, Brazil. This is the first report of a begomovirus infecting G. guerkeana, indicating that this non-cultivated plant can act as a reservoir/source of begomoviruses.