bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salmonella Infantis Adhesion to Various Surfaces and In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Commercial Disinfectants
Authors: Kranjc Katja , Avberšek Jana , Šemrov Neva , Zorman-Rojs Olga , Barlič-Maganja Darja
Published: November 2024

Salmonella Infantis poses a significant challenge in poultry production due to its persistence and resistance to disinfectants. This study investigated the survival of the S. Infantis strain on different surfaces and evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants in both preventing and treating biofilms. The survival of the tested S. Infantis strain was assessed on plastic and stainless steel surfaces after 24 and 48 h. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of five disinfectants were determined, and their antiadhesion effectiveness was evaluated using crystal violet. The efficacy of biofilm treatment was evaluated by cell culturability. The results showed that the adhesion of S. Infantis was significantly higher on the plastic surface. The disinfectants were effective at reducing biofilm formation only within the first 24 h. Fresh solutions of disinfectants based on quaternary ammonium compounds exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy, while chlorocresol was the most effective for both the prevention and treatment of biofilms. The study results suggest that the presence of plastic surfaces may contribute to the dissemination of Salmonella. Additionally, the effectiveness of disinfectants varied based on storage conditions and contact time, while biofilms demonstrated reduced susceptibility compared to planktonic cells. However, given the laboratory scale of this study, further validation on a commercial scale is necessary to confirm these findings.
A New Proposal for Soybean Plant Stand: Variation Based on the Law of the Minimum
Authors: Baio Fábio Henrique Rojo , Gava Ricardo , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Alvarez Rita de Cássia Félix , Alves Marcos Eduardo Miranda , Santana Dthenifer Cordeiro , Campos Cid Naudi Silva , Cândido Ana Carina da Silva , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo
Published: November 2024

The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to determine the plant stand in the soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) crop based on the spatial variability of management units, which are limiting factors in maximizing crop yield. Our objectives were as follows: (I) to evaluate the relationship between soil physical and chemical attributes to establish potential management units for variable-rate seeding; (II) to propose a method for varying plant stands based on the law of minimum soil nutrients; an (III) to relate the interaction between different plant stands on soybean grain yield, taking into account the interaction between the spatial variability of the mapped attributes. Field experiments were carried out on two plots over two agricultural years. The areas were seeded by randomly varying the soybean stand across strips in the first year. The most limiting soil nutrient was established and used, together with the soil CEC, to determine management units (MUs), which were also used to seed soybeans in VRT (Variable Rate Technology) in the same plots in the second year. MUs with the lowest restriction for maximizing yield were sown in the second year with the lowest plant stand. Data were processed using multivariate statistics. Our findings reveal that it is possible to establish MUs for seeding soybeans with different stands following the spatial variability of limiting soil nutrients according to the law of the minimum and thus increase the crop grain yield. Spatial variability of potassium (K) in the plot, identified as limiting, affected the spatial variability of grain yield. Decreasing plant stands in MUs with the lowest limitation level increases yield. However, increasing the stand in MUs with a higher limitation level can lead to increased intraspecific competition, affecting yield as well as increasing input costs.
Artificial Intelligence Vision Methods for Robotic Harvesting of Edible Flowers
Authors: Taddei Dalla Torre Fabio , Melgani Farid , Pertot Ilaria , Furlanello Cesare
Published: November 2024

Edible flowers, with their increasing demand in the market, face a challenge in labor-intensive hand-picking practices, hindering their attractiveness for growers. This study explores the application of artificial intelligence vision for robotic harvesting, focusing on the fundamental elements: detection, pose estimation, and plucking point estimation. The objective was to assess the adaptability of this technology across various species and varieties of edible flowers. The developed computer vision framework utilizes YOLOv5 for 2D flower detection and leverages the zero-shot capabilities of the Segmentation Anything Model for extracting points of interest from a 3D point cloud, facilitating 3D space flower localization. Additionally, we provide a pose estimation method, a key factor in plucking point identification. The plucking point is determined through a linear regression correlating flower diameter with the height of the plucking point. The results showed effective 2D detection. Further, the zero-shot and standard machine learning techniques employed achieved promising 3D localization, pose estimation, and plucking point estimation.
Chloroplast Genome and Description of Borodinellopsis insignis sp. nov. (Chlamydomonadales, Chlorophyta), a Rare Aerial Alga from China
Authors: Yan Qiufeng , Liu Benwen , Liu Guoxiang
Published: November 2024

The genus Borodinellopsis is extremely rare and is the subject of limited research and reports. It currently comprises only two species, Borodinellopsis texensis and Borodinellopsis oleifera, which differ from other globose algae due to their unique centrally radiating chloroplasts. In this study, we describe a new specimen in detail based on morphological data and phylogenetic analysis and identify it as B. insignis. B. insignis and B. texensis exhibit a high degree of similarity, likely due to their shared characteristics of centrally radiating chloroplasts and flagella that are significantly longer than the cell body. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the 18S rDNA sequence indicates that B. insignis and B. texensis form a branch that is distinct from other genera, such as Tetracystis, Spongiococcum, and Chlorococcum. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequence, the rbcL gene, and the tufA gene reveals that B. insignis is significantly different from B. texensis, in that it has oil droplets, smaller vegetative cells and zoospores, and distinct habitats. It is also different from B.oleifera as it has smaller vegetative cells and zoospores, turns red after cultivation, has longer flagella, and resides in different habitats. The chloroplast genomes of B. texensis and B. insignis further show significant differences, with the phylogenetic tree constructed based on the analysis of 49 protein-coding genes forming two separate branches. The collinearity of the chloroplast genomes in B. texensis and B. insignis is poor, with 15 out of the 31 homologous modules displaying inversions and complex rearrangements. Given these differences, we classify this alga as a new species and named it Borodinellopsis insignis sp. nov.
Laser-Induced Silver Nanowires/Polymer Composites for Flexible Electronics and Electromagnetic Compatibility Application
Authors: Bril’ Il’ya , Voronin Anton , Fadeev Yuri , Pavlikov Alexander , Govorun Ilya , Podshivalov Ivan , Parshin Bogdan , Makeev Mstislav , Mikhalev Pavel , Afanasova Kseniya , Simunin Mikhail , Khartov Stanislav
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IOT), electronics, and neural interfaces are becoming an integral part of our life. These technologies place unprecedentedly high demands on materials in terms of their mechanical and electrical properties. There are several strategies for forming conductive layers in such composites, e.g., volume blending to achieve a percolation threshold, inkjet printing, lithography, and laser processing. The latter is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, scalable way to produce composites. In our work, we synthesized AgNW and characterized them using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Selective area electron diffraction (SAED). We found that our AgNW absorbed in the UV-vis range of 345 to 410 nm. This is due to the plasmon resonance phenomenon of AgNW. Then, we applied the dispersion of AgNW on the surface of the polymer substrate, dried them and we got the films of AgNW.. We irradiated these films with a 432 nm laser. As a result of the treatment, we observed two processes. The first one was the sintering and partial melting of nanowires under the influence of laser radiation, as a consequence of which, the sheet resistance dropped more than twice. The second was the melting of the polymer at the interface and the subsequent integration of AgNW into the substrate. This allowed us to improve the adhesion from 0–1 B to 5 B, and to obtain a composite capable of bending, with radius of 0.5 mm. We also evaluated the shielding efficiency of the obtained composites. The shielding efficiency for 500–600 nm thick porous film samples were 40 dB, and for 3.1–4.1 µm porous films the shielding efficiency was about 85–90 dB in a frequency range of 0.01–40 GHz. The data obtained by us are the basis for producing flexible electronic components based on AgNW/PET composite for various applications using laser processing methods.
“A Fly in the Ointment”: The Barriers to Portuguese Female Political Participation
Authors: Cerqueira Carla , Lamy Sónia , Loureiro Diana Choi
Published: November 2024

The latest data from the Gender Equality Index ranks Portugal 10th in female political power. Despite a larger female resident population, parity in access to power and decision-making remains limited. Research on local political power reveals low female representation within parties and a lack of motivation to recruit or affiliate women. This study utilizes thematic analysis eight interviews with women in political leadership positions to identify barriers to female political participation in the Portuguese context. Key questions addressed include the following: How do media representation, role models, stereotypes, and cultural norms impact the political arena? Is it the lack of representation that deters women, or does the political environment alienate them? The analysis explores how media portrayal, stereotypes, double standards, scrutiny, and cultural norms interconnect, perpetuating the political arena as a male-dominated space, thereby marginalizing women politicians.
Selection of Renewable Energy Projects from the Investor’s Point of View Based on the Fuzzy–Rough Approach and the Bonferroni Mean Operator
Authors: El-Jaberi Ibrahim Krayem A. , Stojanović Ilija , Puška Adis , Ljepava Nikolina , Prodanović Radivoj
Published: November 2024

More and more investments are being made in energy conversion projects from renewable energy sources (RESs), and a large number of investors are entering this sector. The focus of this study is the decision-making by the investor BD Green Energy in the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In order to choose the RES system that would realize this investment in the most efficient way, expert decision-making based on the fuzzy–rough approach and the Bonferroni mean operator was used. Determining the importance of the criteria was conducted using the fuzzy–rough SiWeC (simple weight calculation) method. The results of this method showed that all used criteria have similar importance for the investor. RES system selection was conducted using the fuzzy–rough CoCoSo (combined compromise solution) method. The results of this method showed that investing in photovoltaic (PV) energy is the best for the investor. This research provided guidance on how investors should make investment decisions in RES systems with incomplete information and uncertainty in the decision-making process.
Chaotic-Based Shellcode Encryption: A New Strategy for Bypassing Antivirus Mechanisms
Authors: Huang Gang-Cheng , Chang Ko-Chin , Lai Tai-Hung
Published: November 2024

This study employed chaotic systems as an innovative approach for shellcode obfuscation to evade current antivirus detection methods. Standard AV solutions primarily rely on static signatures and heuristic analysis to identify malicious code. However, chaotic systems employ dynamic and unpredictable encryption methods, significantly obstructing detection efforts. The utilization of various chaotic maps for shellcode encryption facilitates the generation of multiple unique variations from the same functional code, each exhibiting distinct unpredictability due to the inherent nonlinearity and sensitivity of chaotic systems to initial conditions. The unpredictability of these situations poses a considerable challenge for antivirus software in recognizing consistent patterns, resulting in decreased detection rates. The findings from our experiments demonstrate that chaos-driven encryption methods significantly outperform traditional encryption techniques in terms of evading detection. This paper emphasizes the potential of chaos theory to enhance malware evasion strategies, offering a sophisticated approach to bypassing modern antivirus protections while ensuring the effectiveness of malicious payloads.
The Application of Generalized Viscosity Implicit Midpoint Rule for Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Zhang Huancheng
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes new iterative algorithms by using the generalized viscosity implicit midpoint rule in Banach space, which is also a symmetric space. Then, this paper obtains strong convergence conclusions. Moreover, the results generalize the related conclusions of some researchers. Finally, this paper provides some examples to verify these conclusions. These conclusions further extend and enrich the relevant theory of symmetric space.
Human Resource Management in Complex Environments: A Viable Model Based on Systems Thinking
Authors: Aguilar-Fernández Mario , Salgado-Escobar Graciela , Barragán-Hernández Andrés David
Published: November 2024

Developing the company’s capacity to deal with changing environments means ceasing to see processes as a traditional and linear model. Therefore, the objective of this research is to apply VSM to HRM to show its complexity. It is qualitative research, which is carried out in two moments. The first consists of a literature review in the WoS, and the second, is the design of the model “MV-HRM”, based on the approach of complex adaptive systems, viable system model, soft system methodology, and holistic theory. The MV-HRM consists of five systems: (S1) HRM processes, (S2) information system (S4) operational control, (S4) strategic planning and (S5) governance. The model emphasizes the relationships and interactions it has with its immediate and future environment. Finally, the contribution of the research is to show another look and understanding of the functioning of HRM, in addition to awakening the interest of strategists to develop best practices that allow them to respond in an agile way to the dynamic and complex environment.
Enhancing Cybersecurity: Hybrid Deep Learning Approaches to Smishing Attack Detection
Authors: Mahmud Tanjim , Prince Md. Alif Hossen , Ali Md. Hasan , Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Andersson Karl
Published: November 2024

Smishing attacks, a sophisticated form of cybersecurity threats conducted via Short Message Service (SMS), have escalated in complexity with the widespread adoption of mobile devices, making it increasingly challenging for individuals to distinguish between legitimate and malicious messages. Traditional phishing detection methods, such as feature-based, rule-based, heuristic, and blacklist approaches, have struggled to keep pace with the rapidly evolving tactics employed by attackers. To enhance cybersecurity and address these challenges, this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning approach that combines Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (Bi-GRUs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), referred to as CNN-Bi-GRU, for the accurate identification and classification of smishing attacks. The SMS Phishing Collection dataset was used, with a preparatory procedure involving the transformation of unstructured text data into numerical representations and the training of Word2Vec on preprocessed text. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CNN-Bi-GRU model outperforms existing approaches, achieving an overall highest accuracy of 99.82% in detecting SMS phishing messages. This study provides an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of hybrid deep learning techniques for SMS phishing detection, offering a more precise and efficient solution to enhance cybersecurity in mobile communications.
3D Hydrogeological Structure Modeling Based on Quantitative Correlation and Identification of Aquifer Types Within Stratigraphic Layers
Authors: Zhu Jixiang , Gan Tao , Liu Shunchang , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Zhang Lizhong , Huo Zhibin
Published: November 2024

Due to the scarcity and uneven distribution of data, as well as the complexity of geological conditions, high-precision 3D hydrogeological structure modeling, especially at large scales, remains a significant challenge in the field. To address this issue, this study undertakes an in-depth analysis of the correlation between stratigraphic and hydrogeological structures. Utilizing the cumulative thickness of various aquifer types as a criterion, we establish a quantitative correlation model between stratigraphic and hydrogeological structures. This innovative approach transforms the task of 3D hydrogeological structure modeling into 3D geological structure modeling, where data are relatively abundant, thereby overcoming the data scarcity problem. To demonstrate the scientificity and feasibility of our approach, we utilize the 3D hydrogeological structures modeling of Wuhan’s metropolitan development area (MDA) as a case study. This study provides a quantitative criterion for the correlation between stratigraphic and hydrogeological structures, addressing the subjectivity and arbitrariness of previous qualitative evaluations. Additionally, it offers a scientific solution to the data scarcity issue commonly encountered in 3D hydrogeological structure modeling. Consequently, this study holds significant scientific value and practical implications.
Tide-Induced Bottom Current and Sediment Resuspension in Halifax Harbour
Authors: Mali Sarwesh , Shan Shiliang , Shore Jennifer , Crawford Anna
Published: November 2024

Halifax Harbour, a crucial Atlantic Canadian port, has extensive commercial, environmental, and strategic value to Canadians. Despite thorough hydrographic research, knowledge about the influence of the bottom current on the resuspension of sediments within the Harbour is lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized a high-resolution, three-dimensional, barotropic finite volume community ocean model (FVCOM) to simulate the tidal-driven maximum bottom current in the Harbour. We used the critical Shields parameter, a threshold for sediment movement, to quantify the areas susceptible to sediment resuspension. Our results indicate that regions in the Narrows and west of McNabs Island are susceptible to sediment resuspension due to the interaction of maximum bottom current and sediment grain sizes. These findings are important for detecting sediment changes in the Harbour and potentially improving existing monitoring and management practices.
Our institutional experience with lateral extra-cavitary approach for posterior mediastinal neurofibroma
Authors: Nahar Shashank , Panchariya Piyush , Singh Prashant Raj , Lakhe Prashant
Published: November 2024

The LECA to the thoracic spine can be used for the removal of posterior mediastinal neurofibromas which causes anterior and lateral spinal cord compression. It provides lateral exposure to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae without entering the pleural cavity (extra-cavitary) and enables the surgeon to visualize the anterior dural surface better than with other posterior lateral exposures. In this case report, we describe the challenges we face while operating the posterior mediastinal tumour using this surgical approach. This approach provides better access to ventral and lateral thoracic and upper lumbar spine pathologies.
Manifestation and outcome analysis of chronic subdural haemorrhage patient in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Gupta Sajag
Published: November 2024

Aim. To evaluate the results of surgical care in chronic subdural haemorrhage patients.
Design of the study. Prospective
Study location. Department of Neurosurgery, tertiary care centre
Methodology. The study comprised 65 individuals of both genders with chronic subdural haemorrhages who were above the age of 18. Patients' full medical histories, including age, gender, and place of residence, were documented. The Markwalder Grading System was used to classify patients. A CT scan was performed pre and post-surgery, as well as at the time of discharge. The Glasgow coma scale was used to record the outcomes.
Results. There were 57 (87.6%) male individuals and 8 (12.3%) female individuals. majority of them presented with headache (61.5%), followed by extremity weakness/paresis (52.3%). As Per, Markwalder's grade on admission, 33 (50.7%) people were in grade 1, and 30 (46.1%) people were in grade 2. The clinical picture at discharge was evaluated according to the Markwalder grade: 52 people (80%) were grade 0, 2 people (3%) were grade 1, 9 people (13.8%) were grade 2
Conclusion: The major risk factors for the development of CSDH in our set-up are male sex, mild head trauma, old age and alcohol intake. CSDH is more common on the left side. majority of patients had duration of trauma in between 4-12 weeks Majority of patients had grade 1 on Markwalder grading on admission. The majority of patients had a Thickness of CSDH is 10-20 mm MLS in CSDH is 5-10 mm on admission.   The symptoms that present most frequently are headache and motor weakness, and the result is related to the person's pre-operative neurological condition, G.C.S., and concurrent systemic disorders. Surgical procedures should be individualised according to the radiological characteristics of chronic subdural haematoma.
An unusual case of choroid plexus papilloma in infancy
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Raj
Published: November 2024

Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are rare tumours having bimodal distribution. Pediatric CPPs are commonly present in the supratentorial compartment and most commonly located in the lateral ventricle and usually present at 16-18 months. In the present case authors illustrate an atypical case of CPP in a 6-month-old infant who was admitted to our hospital after a trivial fall with no features of hydrocephalus or raised intracranial pressure. Quick surgery keeping in mind the Maximal allowable blood loss (MABL) and low physiological reserve of infants with quick decompression of cysts and devascularizing the tumor from all around and removing the tumor in toto plays a key role in operating the pediatric tumor. MRI features play a key role in preoperative diagnosis; nevertheless, it is difficult to distinguish atypical CPT from other lesions. Surgical resection is the cornerstone of this treatment.
Technical nuance
Authors: Verma Arvind , Modh Jaimin , Soladhra Krushi , Velani Dharmik
Published: November 2024

Background. Colloid cyst treatment with purely endoscopic surgery is considered to be safe and effective. Complete capsule removal for gross total resection is usually recommended to prevent recurrence but may not always be safely feasible. Our objective was to go for complete endoscopic surgery using mainly aspiration, manipulation and coagulation with complete capsule resection and discuss the rationale for the procedure.
Methods and materials. A case report with a third ventricle colloid cyst was surgically treated with a complete endoscopic excision using the proper technique.
Results. Our patient underwent Transforaminal endoscopic surgery and the cyst was excised completely and the capsule was removed intentionally. Cyst remnants were absent on postoperative MRI. Mild Intraventricular haemorrhage was an intraoperative complication. Surgery was statistically associated with cyst volume and ventricular size reduction. There were no serious complications postoperatively. Follow-up did not show any recurrence or remnant growth that needed further treatment.
Conclusion. Gross total resection may be the main objective for selected cases and seems to be safer while preserving good results, especially in a limited resource environment. Surgical planning allows the surgeon to choose among the different resection routes and techniques available. Decisions are predominantly based on preoperative imaging and intraoperative findings. Full-endoscopic approach for third ventricle colloid cyst removal is a feasible technique. Cyst aspiration followed by grasping and rotational manoeuvre for the cyst wall provides total removal with the resolution of the obstruction if present and relief of symptoms.
Neuronavigational assisted ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery in the idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients
Authors: Poonia Nemi Chand , Surendra Jain , Hardika Poonia , Poonia Dev , Chitresh Kumar , Sania Poonia
Published: November 2024

Object. Lumboperitoneal shunt are commonly used for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) because of the difficulty of insertion of Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt into normal or small-sized ventricles. The authors showed their experience with VP shunts for IIH with the help of a Neuronavigation system.
Methods. This is a retrospective study of 16 patients of IIH in whom Neuronavigation was used to guide the insertion of a shunt in the ventricle for IIH at our institution. A trial of either acetazolamide or steroid therapy had failed in all patients.
Results. Shunt placement was successful and uncomplicated in each case except for one patient in which shunt failure occurred (6.25%) post-operatively.  Outcomes were assessed at 12 months which were favourable regarding symptoms 13 cases (81.25%) got relief in headaches and 4 patients (25%) showed improvement in vision. Misplacement of the shunt occurred in one case postoperatively and Shunt failure occurred in 2 cases (12.50%) during the follow-up period due to ventricular end obstruction. These three patients required shunt revision. Progression of the visual deficit did not occur.
Conclusion. Our results suggest that the Neuronavigation-guided ventriculoperitoneal shunt is a good alternative to Lumboperitoneal shunt in IIH patients.
TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR RECURRENT MALIGNANT DIFFUSE ASTROCYTOMA (WHO GRADE IV)
Authors: Anton Catalin , Agavriloaei Loredana Mariana , Tracicaru Rares Vasile , Turliuc Dana Mihaela
Published: November 2024

Objectives
We present the case of a 37-year-old female who underwent partial resection in 2018 for a diffuse fibrillary astrocytoma (WHO II) that invaded almost the entire right cerebral hemisphere. The patient followed conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. She presents after 6 years of regularly follow-ups with left hemiparesis, intracranial hypertension syndrome and tumor recurrence on MRI. The patient underwent another surgical intervention and the new histopathological diagnosis was diffuse astrocytoma grade IV. Therapeutic options for these patients are limited considering the fact that a gross total resection or a conventional re-irradiation could impact the quality of life. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic methods, such as targeted molecular therapy like EGFR antagonists or proteasome inhibitors, or proton therapy, should be considered.
 
Material and Methods
We conducted extensive research in two public medical databases for information related to the molecular pathways and management of primary and recurrent malignant astrocytoma and relevant articles were selected. Subsequently, we correlated this information with our direct experience in our case and discussed the observed results.
 
Results
Treatment modalities for these patients include reintervention, re-irradiation and second line chemotherapeutics. In relapsing cases the goal of reintervention is both to alleviate symptoms and obtain tumoral tissue for immunohistochemical analysis for identification of the new mutations. Conventional re-irradiation for large lesions carries high risks of producing both short-term and long-term side effects, impacting the quality of life. Alternatively, proton therapy minimizes the risk of adverse events due to Bragg peak reducing the irradiation of the surrounding tissue.
 
Conclusions
Genetic characterization of these lesions can facilitate targeted molecular therapy and help in establishing the prognosis. Re-irradiation of malignant astrocytomas with proton therapy is an effective treatment measure allowing for comparable tumor control to conventional radiotherapy.
MANAGEMENT OF EXTRAMEDULLARY INTRADURAL SPINAL TUMORS
Authors: Balasa Adrian
Published: November 2024

Spinal tumors are relatively uncommon, accounting for approximately 5%–10% of all central nervous system tumors, with an estimated 70%–80% being located in the intradural extramedullary space. The most common intradural extramedullary tumors are schwannomas, followed by meningiomas. Other less common intradural extramedullary tumors include myxopapillary ependymomas.
 
The clinical presentation of these tumors is often rather nonspecific, and clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion when evaluating patients with chronic back pain. Approximately 50% of affected individuals experience nonspecific back pain, whereas radiating pain, motor deficits, and sensory loss often progress gradually.
 
This study examines the surgical management of intradural spinal tumors treated in our department, focusing on surgical techniques
Some of these benign lesions can pose a surgical challenge due to their location to spinal cord, tumor consistency (densely mineralized / calcified).
 
Posterior approaches involving laminectomy while preserving facet joints are typically sufficient for the surgical resection of dorsal and dorsolateral tumors.
 
In conclusion the total surgical removal of these tumors while preserving neurological function remains can pose a surgical challenge especially for those that are densely calcifed and situated anterolateral to spinal cord, but employing standard microsurgical techniques often makes these resections possible.
USE OF AUGUMENTED REALITY IN TREATMENT OF PITUITARY MICROADENOMAS
Authors: Chinezu Rares
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Transsphenoidal surgery, performed using endoscopic or microscopic techniques, is a safe and effective method for treating neuroendocrine pituitary tumors, including microadenomas. However, the precise location of microadenomas can be challenging to determine, particularly in acromegaly patients, who often exhibit a reduced intracarotid distance. Augmented reality (AR), particularly through heads-up displays (HUD) integrated into surgical microscopes, has been predominantly utilized in transcranial approaches but shows potential in enhancing transsphenoidal procedures.
 
Aim
This study aims to present the surgical workflow, techniques, and outcomes associated with using AR in microscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary microadenomas.
 
Material and Methods
All procedures were conducted at the Targu Mures Clinical Emergency Hospital’s Department of Neurosurgery between 2019 and 2024. A total of 15 cases were treated using AR-assisted techniques. While the surgical operative time was comparable to non-AR-assisted procedures, the preoperative setup was more time-consuming and required staging to optimize the surgical workflow. In all cases, surgeons successfully identified and resected the microadenomas without complications related to navigation accuracy.
 
Conclusions
The findings suggest that integrating AR into transsphenoidal surgery enhances anatomical understanding and precise localization of microadenomas, providing a valuable tool for neurosurgeons. However, AR cannot replace surgical expertise and clinical judgment.
REMEMBER: 30 YEARS SINCE CONSTANTIN ARSENI PASSED AWAY - THE FONDATOR OF ROMANIAN NEUROSURGERY
Authors: Ciurea Alexandru Vlad , Ples Horia , Mohan Aurel , David George , Popa Andrei Adrian
Published: November 2024

Introduction
The authors will present one of the great personalities of Romanian neurosurgery, Dr Constantin Arseni, who created it in Bucharest, creating the largest university centre of neurosurgery in Europe at that time.
 
Material
After the tragic loss of his mentor Prof. Dr Dumitru Bagdasar in 1946, Dr Constantin Arseni, took over the management of the neurosurgery service at the Central Hospital for Mental, Nervous and Endocrinologic Diseases, the only department of this kind in this country; He was able to have the first Clinic of Neurosurgery from Romania.
 
For his merits, Dr Constantin Arseni, became an Associate Professor in 1952 and University Professor in 1963. His neurosurgical activity was complex, but mainly focused on tumoral pathology, cerebral and spinal, and also on spinal degenerative disease.
 
Under Professor C. Arseni, the Neurosurgical Clinic of Bucharest is transformed in 1975 into the “Prof. Dr D. Bagdasar” Clinical Hospital of Neurosurgery, the largest hospital of Neurosurgery in the Europe, with 550 beds and, subsequently, 650 beds. Also, he developed the departments of neurosurgery in each of the biggest university centres in the country; while being the first President of the Romanian Society of Neurosurgery.
 
Scientific Activity
Scientific activity of Prof. Dr Constantin Arseni includes the numerous publications (54 treaties and monographies), together with all his collaborators, encompassing all domains of neurosurgery: Tumoral, Neuropathological, Vascular, Paediatric, Spinal Degenerative Pathology, Central Nervous System Malformations, History, etc. with high international visibility.
 
An editorial board under C. Arseni published, with the substantial contribution of the Bucharest Medical Publishing House of the Clinic, the “Treatise of Neurology” in 8 volumes (1979-1981).
 
Conclusions
Professor Constantin Arseni was a dedicated surgeon, he practiced his job asking from those around him as much as he offered - the maximum. He was a schoolmaster and a teacher in the true sense of word.
Professor Constantin Arseni, Member of the Romanian Academy, was an exemplary professional, a model of conduct, which will forever remain in our memory, of the neurosurgeons, and of the Romanian neurosurgery, leaving behind a legacy hard to match for those who followed him.
IN VIVO INOCULATION OF GBM CELLS IN RATS AND TREATMENT WITH RUXOLITINIB
Authors: Florian Ioan-Alexandru , Susman Valeriu-Sergiu , Ede Bodoki , Soritau Olga , Pestean Petru-Cosmin , Iacob Bogdan-Cezar , Baraian Alexandra-Iulia , Buruiana Andrei , Florian Ioan-Stefan
Published: November 2024

GlioStat (patent pending) denotes an invention that addresses the current deficiencies of glioblastoma (GBM) chemotherapy by developing a molecularly imprinted drug reservoir that is specifically designed for post-surgical recovery. The goal of our research was to guarantee the long-term release of the antitumor drug ruxolitinib (RUX), which is specifically designed to target residual infiltrative cancer cells, while simultaneously reducing the risk of adverse effects. In order to achieve this goal, we have successfully developed and characterized four distinctive molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), with one of them advancing to in vivo experimentation.
 
The selection of one MIP for further in vivo investigations was guided by the Alamar Blue viability assay on C6 GBM cell cultures, which took into account both the efficacy and the potential toxicity of residual monomers. Over the course of 96 hours, MIP 2 demonstrated the most favorable risk-benefit profile, providing superior efficacy against GBM C6 cells. In contrast, its non-imprinted counterpart (NIP 2) exhibited minimal toxicity.
 
The protocol involved anesthetising the male Wistar rats, immobilising them on a corkboard, without the use of a stereotactic headholder. After shaving the head and local disinfection with iodine solution, we made a linear sagittal incision and exposed the parietal bones. A 3x3 mm burr hole was made with a pneumatic drill in the right parietal bone, revealing the dura mater. Subsequently, we injected 20,000 C6 GBM cells suspended in 5 microliters of solution in the cerebral parenchyma at a depth of 3 mm. Clinical and imaging control was performed.
 
For the animals that developed tumors, a second therapeutic intervention was performed. The rats were anesthetised, disinfected, and readied in the same manner as before. The burr hole was exposed, with the tumor being partially resected via a “microscooping” technique. Next, 5-10 microliters of MIP2 solution (4 mg/mL) were injected into the parenchyma respective of the tumor bed. Five microliters of thrombin solution were then added (100 UI/mL) to form the fibrin network.
 
In comparison to the untreated controls and animals treated with free RUX, animals treated with MIP2 exhibited a substantial increase in survival time during the in vivo evaluation, extending from 20 to 50 days. As such, our research had yielded a potentially life-changing drug delivery system in GBM, with the capacity to significantly increase postoperative survival. More in vivo tests should be conducted to validate our findings.
FORESTIER DISEASE
Authors: Gheorge S. , Banica B. , Codin C. , Teleanu D.
Published: November 2024

Introduction
We present the case of M.E., a 73 year old patient, who presented to his local medical services for progressive dysphagia. Follow-up cervical CT scan revealed ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament, at C3 - C4, C4 - C5 and C5 - C6 levels, consistent with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier disease.
 
Material and Methods
The patient was operated on by a multidisciplinary team (Neurosurgery and O.M.F. surgery). After a left sided vertical cervical incision and dissection of tissue, the spinal cervical levels were identified radiologically, followed by reduction of bony elevations at C3 - C4, C4 - C5 and C5 - C6 using a regular drill tip. Postoperatively the patient’s dysphagia was completely alleviated.
 
Conclusion
Although Forestier disease is usually identified incidentally, patients may present with decreased neck mobility, cervical pain and dysphagia. While the disease is similar to ankylosing spondylitis, it does not have a genetic component and it mainly affects the cervical and thoracic spines. Surgery may be necessary if dysphagia progresses.
RARE TUMORS OF POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA IN ADULTS
Authors: Ghica T. , Teleanu Daniel Mihai
Published: November 2024

Objectives
Tumors arising in the posterior cranial fossa pertain to a special category of neoplasm in the manner that they can cause cerebellar syndrome, obstructive hydrocephalus, brainstem compression – cranial nerve dysfunction – and herniation. In the cerebellopontine angle, the most common tumors are acoustic neuromas followed by meningiomas. Among the petroclival tumors, the most common benign tumors are meningiomas and the most common malign tumors are chordomas and metastases. Among jugular foramen tumors, the common tumors are schwannomas, paragangliomas and meningiomas. We report our unit’s experience with the neurosurgical management of rare posterior cranial fossa tumors as compared to the main literature results, taking into consideration the clinical, radiological aspects and the outcome.
 
Materials and Methods
Retrospective analysis of a single unit cohort of patients diagnosed with rare posterior cranial fossa tumors, who underwent surgical treatment in the Neurosurgery I Department of the University Emergency Hospital Bucharest between 2017 and 2024. Relevant literature review was analyzed, as well as serial clinical examinations, imaging studies, and operative records were taken into consideration.
 
Conclusions
Depending on the location, size, and pathology of the posterior cranial fossa tumors, there are different treatment options, which include microsurgical resection, observation, stereotactic radiotherapy. These type of lesions still represent a challenge and require electing the most suitable approach whilst preserving the neurologic function of the patient.
SURGICAL RESECTION OF A COMPLEX TUBERCULUM SELLAE MENINGIOMA ENCASING MAJOR ARTERIES
Authors: Higgoda Prasanna Randula
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Though constituting only a minor proportion (1%) of sellar masses, suprasellar meningiomas pose a significant diagnostic challenge within the region of sellar and suprasellar tumors. Pituitary adenomas, at nearly 90% prevalence, dominate this anatomical region. Distinguishing these two entities is paramount, as both clinical presentation and, to some extent, biochemical profiles exhibit notable overlap. Accurate preoperative differentiation is critical due to the contrasting behaviors of these tumors. Meningiomas, with their robust vascularity supplied by dural and osseous arteries, present a heightened risk of intraoperative hemorrhage.
 
Clinical Case
A 53-year-old woman presented with a two-month history of worsening headaches and gradual vision loss. Neurological examination revealed only visual acuity decline. Her hormone profile showed elevated prolactin but lacked clinical features of prolactin excess, suggesting a possible prolactin-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. A contrast-enhanced MRI confirmed a significant sellar and suprasellar mass with homogeneous enhancement, extending to the right paramedian region and encasing the right internal carotid artery (ICA) at its critical segment involving the cavernous and supraclinoid portions. Furthermore, the right middle meningeal artery (M1) and anterior cerebral artery (A1) originated from this same location, highlighting the high surgical risk. Surgical resection was deemed necessary. The patient underwent a right pterional craniotomy, revealing a grayish, extradural soft mass lesion encasing the ICA bifurcation. Careful microsurgical dissection with basal devascularization was performed, followed by near-complete tumor removal using an ultrasonic aspirator to minimize damage to the encased arteries. Postoperative follow-up CT scan confirmed successful near-total tumor ablation.
 
Conclusion
This case underscores the critical role of meticulous preoperative diagnosis in managing complex sellar tumors. While pituitary adenomas dominate this region, suprasellar meningiomas, despite their rarity, demand a high index of suspicion. Overlapping clinical and biochemical presentations highlight the reliance on advanced imaging for accurate differentiation. The intricate vascularity of meningiomas, as exemplified by the encasement of critical arteries in this case, necessitates meticulous surgical technique with devascularization strategies. This successful near-complete tumor removal emphasizes the importance of such surgical expertise in navigating these diagnostically challenging sellar lesions.
AWAKE SURGERY DURING 5-ALA HIGH GRADE GLIOMA FLUORESECNCE GUIDED RESECTION
Authors: Matei Claudiu , Filip Dan , Dancu Iulia , Nistor Sofia , Gherman Joseph
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Awake surgery (AS) is currently the gold standard for low-grade glioma located in language brain areas to provide patients with the best prognosis with a high quality of life. A recent meta-analysis by Gerritsen et all (2019) also suggests that AS with direct cortical stimulation for high grade gliomas (HGG) provides a better outcome. Direct cortical stimulation and subcortical mapping during AS allows the surgeon to detect regions of the cortex and white matter tracts involved in specific functions of language, semantics, syntax, phonetics, or phonology. 5-ALA fluorescence-guided tumor resection is a technique that offers the advantage of better delineating high-grade glioma, increasing the chance of achieving gross total tumor resection, improving overall survival.
 
5-ALA is a metabolic tracer with a risk of photosensitisation and for 48 hours after administration the patient must be kept in a dark environment avoiding the risk of skin reactions. For this reason, during the operation including in the awake phase we have to keep the same low light exposure conditions, which could sometimes pose some difficulties for the operating team.
 
Material and Methods
We present a case operated in MedLife Polisano Hospital in May 2023, for frontal HGG, using AC together with 5-ALA fluorescence. The patient was evaluated preoperatively with MRI, MPRAGE contrast and DTI tractography, which was fused to the navigation system during surgery. The operation was performed with asleep-awakeasleep technique and in the awake phase we used the Boston test for naming, specific questions and calculation tests with direct cortical stimulation by the Penfield bipolar technique and monopolar subcortical mapping with the Raabe suction probe, adapted to our Natus Medical intraoperative monitoring system. Surgery was performed in semi-dark conditions with a tablet, turning on dim light tunning.
 
Results
In the awake phase we obtained speech arrest, semantic and phonological paraphrases, which allowed us to determine the brain areas, cortical and subcortical regions, involved in language functions. Thus we performed a total tumor resection with language-preserving. There were no incidents during surgery and the patient was discharged in good condition on the 5th postoperative day.
 
Conclusions
Brain tumor surgery is multimodal, using many tools and techniques. The use of AS together with 5-ALA fluorescence-induced resection is safe and provides the prerequisites to achieve gross total tumor resection while preserving language functions.
SURGICAL APPROACH TO THALAMIC CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS
Authors: Matei Claudiu , Filip Dan , Dancu Iulia , Nistor Sofia , Gherman Joseph
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Thalamus is a high eloquent brain region, because it contains important relay nucleus and is surrounded by vital neural and vascular structures. Cavernous malformations involving deep structures such as the basal ganglia and thalamus account for 5–10% of all cerebral cavernomas and can cause devastating neurological deficits. Surgical approach to thalamic cavernomas is associated with risks of new or worsening neurologic deficits. The benefit of surgery must be carefully weighed on an individualized basis. There are several surgical routes that can be used to approach thalamic lesions, mainly transcortical and interhemispheric approaches. A particular approach should be selected based on the location of the cavernoma in the thalamus to minimize lesion of the unaffected brain.
 
Methods
We present the case of a 43-year-old right-handed lady with right bleeding posterolateral thalamic cavernoma, admitted to the neurosurgery department of Sibiu MedLife Polisano Hospital in February 2024. The patient underwent surgery, through a transcortical trans-sulcal para-fascicular, navigation guided approach. Preoperative tractography imaging, tubular cerebral corridor retractor system and intraoperative monitoring of the cortico-spinal tract, through motor evoked potentials (transcortical, cortical and subcortical mapping) and of the spinotahamic tract through somatosensory evoked potentials were used. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 7th postoperative day.
 
Conclusions
Thalamus is a complex structure located in a deep brain area and surgery for these region carries high risks, so the surgeon must carefully tailor these patients. The transcortical transsulcal para-fascicular approach is feasible and safe using the cerebral tubular corridor, neuronavigation and neuromonitoring. Advanced surgical technology offers the advantages of minimizing the risks of new neurological deficits.