bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of protein structure and bonding pattern to improve the gelling and textural quality of surimi gels from silver carp: incorporation of mosambi (Citrus limetta) peel extract
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev , Majumdar Ranendra Kumar , Mehta Naresh Kumar
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

This investigation focused on the use of mosambi peel extract (MPE) fortification (at 0% to 1.50%, w/w) in silver carp surimi to improve the gelling, textural, and other physicochemical properties of the surimi.

RESULTS

The peels were extracted in ethanol (40–100% concentrations, v/v) and water. It was found that 100% ethanol had significantly (P < 0.05) higher yield and total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content. The fortification of MPE at optimum level (0.75%) improved the breaking force (55.1%) and gel strength (89.9%) significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison with 0% MPE gel samples. Moreover, 0.75% MPE‐fortified gels had higher hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds, higher water‐holding capacity, and lower sulfhydryl groups and free amino groups. The myosin heavy chain (MHC) bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) disappeared completely in the MPE‐fortified gels. Fortification with MPE affected the secondary structures of protein as shifting of peaks was observed in Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed relatively organized finer and denser gel networks in MPE‐treated gels.

CONCLUSION

The surimi gels fortified with 0.75% MPE demonstrated improved gelling properties, with an overall higher acceptability than the unfortified gels (0% MPE). The fortified gels also became enriched with bioactive polyphenols, which are generally not present in surimi. This study provides an efficient way to utilize mosambi peel to develop functional surimi and surimi‐based products with improved gel ability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phosphorus adsorption efficiency and characteristic analysis of basic oxygen furnace slag
Authors: Kuo Shu‐Lung , Ho Ching‐Lin , Kao I‐Chan
Published: June 2023

A large amount of furnace slag is produced from steelmaking every year. The resultant by‐products will severely damage the natural environment and ecosystems if not treated properly. Businesses worldwide have thus been striving for slag recycling and solving various complex problems. In this study, basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) was regarded as an adsorbent to adsorb phosphate in water. In addition to a physical–chemical property analysis of the by‐products, the present study explored the performance of basic oxygen furnace slag in adsorbing phosphorous (P) with different size settings, and observed the surface structure of fused basic oxygen furnace slag.The results revealed that free‐state Ca accounts for the majority in basic oxygen furnace slag content, demonstrating the removal of nearly all phosphorous in water. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) on basic oxygen furnace slag with >200 mesh size revealed complex wave crests at the fingerprint region (570–980 cm−1). The result signifies that the basic oxygen furnace slag samples comprise strong Si─O and O─Si─O bonds within silicate minerals. Moreover, basic oxygen furnace slag samples with a particle size >200 mesh contain very high content of lime (CaO) (reaching 49.5%). This property fully demonstrates that basic oxygen furnace slag samples in a small particle size were more active as an aggregate. This study found that the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.997) is slightly better than the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.984), which shows that the process in which basic oxygen furnace slag adsorbs P is monolayer adsorption, and the adsorption energy is more uniformly distributed among BOFS samples. This study also found that basic oxygen furnace slag samples melted at 1200°C can effectively encapsulate some heavy metal pollutants and form stable glassy slag. The change proved that a fused basic oxygen furnace slag sample could effectively encapsulate heavy metal pollutants and formed glassy‐state slag with high stability. This mechanism would reduce the likelihood of heavy metal leaching when basic oxygen furnace slag serves as a subgrade aggregate, permeable material, or concrete aggregate in the future.
Dietary and plasma retinoids are not associated with fatty acid desaturase indices in healthy young adults
Authors: Hatherell Julia , Abdelmagid Salma A. , Ma David W. L. , El‐Sohemy Ahmed , Mutch David M.
Published: June 2023

Past research in rodents suggests that fatty acid (FA) desaturase expression and activity may be modified by vitamin A; however, this has not been investigated in humans. The primary objective of this study was to examine associations between dietary retinoid intakes, plasma retinoid concentrations, and FA desaturase indices in young adults. As a secondary objective, biological sex and estrogen‐containing contraceptive (EC) use were investigated due to prior evidence demonstrating that both can influence plasma retinol concentration and FA desaturase indices. Dietary retinoid intake (food frequency questionnaire), plasma retinoid concentrations (high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry), plasma FA (gas chromatography), and FA desaturase indices (product‐to‐precursor ratios) from 945 adults recruited for the cross‐sectional Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health study were analyzed. Participants were stratified into quartiles based on plasma retinol concentration and data analyzed by one‐way analysis of covariance. Dietary retinoid intakes were not associated with the overall n‐3 pathway, overall n‐6 pathway, delta‐5 desaturase, delta‐6 desaturase, or delta‐9 desaturase indices (all r < 0.10, p > 0.05). The overall n‐6 pathway index was significantly higher (p = 0.0004) and the delta‐5 desaturase index was significantly lower (p = 0.0003) in individuals with higher plasma retinol levels; however, these differences were lost when participants were grouped by biological sex and EC use. Although weak relationships were observed between plasma retinol and some FA desaturase indices in the total population, these associations appear to be driven by biological sex and EC usage rather than retinoids. We therefore find little evidence of a relationship between retinoids and FA desaturase indices in young, healthy adults.
The modified second toe flap technique based on the dorsal digital artery of the toe in finger pulp reconstruction
Authors: Li Jin , Wu Haibo , Zhang Yan , Jin Guangzhe , Wang Kai , Zhang Guangliang , Ju Jihui
Published: June 2023

Background

The second toe flap is a widely used innervated neurovascular flap for repairing finger pulp defects. It mainly carries the proper plantar digital artery and nerve. But the donor site morbidity and arterial injury are common. The report retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes of the second toe free medial flap based on dorsal digital artery of the toe to investigate the esthetics and function in the treatment of soft tissue defects of fingertip pulp.

Methods

From March 2019 to December 2020, 12 patients with finger pulp defects (seven acute crush, three cut, and two burn) undergoing the modified second toe flap were chosen for retrospective review. The average patient age was 38.6 (range: 23–52) years. The mean defect size was 2.1 × 1.6 (range: 1.5 × 1.3–2.6 × 1.9) cm. The defects did not extend beyond the distal interphalangeal joint and the phalanges were not damaged in all cases. The average follow‐up was 9.5 (range: 6–16) months. Demographic information, flap data, and perioperative characteristics were collected.

Results

The mean size of the modified flap was 2.3 × 1.8 (range: 1.7 × 1.5–2.7 × 2.0) cm and mean diameter of artery was 0.61 (range: 0.45–0.85) mm. The mean flap harvested time and operation time were 22.6 (range: 16–27) minutes and 133.7 (range: 101–164) minutes. A flap was ischemic after first day postoperatively and later it improved by releasing the sutures. All flaps were survival without necrosis. One patient was not satisfied with the appearance of the finger pulp because of scar hyperplasia. The other 11 patients were satisfied with the appearance and function of the injured digit after 6 months postoperatively.

Conclusion

The modified second toe flap technique based on the dorsal digital artery of the toe is a feasible choice to reconstruct the sensation and appearance of the injured fingertip with current microsurgical techniques.
Genetic monitoring of steelhead in the Klickitat River to estimate productivity, straying, and migration timing
Authors: Collins Erin E. , Hess Jon E. , Bechtol Shawn , Romero Nicolas , Narum Shawn R. , Zendt Joseph S.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Salmonids with a complex life history variation present challenges for conservation management, but genetic approaches alongside fisheries monitoring can address questions regarding the viability of the natural populations.

Methods

We genotyped adult (n = 3108) and juvenile (n = 2624) samples of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss that were collected in the Klickitat River, Washington, USA at traps in the lower drainage to examine tributary level productivity, straying from outside sources, and variation in adult migration timing.

Result

Genetic assignment of steelhead from this system indicated that the majority were produced within or near tributaries of the middle Klickitat River (juvenile mean = 72.8%; adult mean = 87.3%). Analyses with parentage-based tagging identified that most hatchery-origin adults were assigned to the Skamania Hatchery (80.8%), as expected, since this has been the release stock for decades within the Klickitat River drainage. Hatchery-origin adults were also identified from programs operating outside the Klickitat River, which were primarily strays from Snake River hatcheries. Most natural-origin steelhead were assigned to the Klickitat River, but there were also natural-origin fish identified as strays from other regions of the Columbia River (22.3% of natural returns). We also examined genes known to be associated with migration timing in adult steelhead observed at the trap and observed a strong relationship between migration date and alleles for early and late migration, but individual outliers were detected across seasons.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that genetic variation of steelhead in the Klickitat River has been influenced by hatchery programs as well as natural-origin straying from other subbasins, but genetic diversity remains high throughout the subbasin, and both early and late migration alleles are maintained. The genetic diversity present in Klickitat River steelhead may enable this Endangered Species Act listed (threatened) species to better adapt to stochastic environmental conditions compared to less diverse populations.
An updated review on systemic glucocorticoids in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Shi Yuan
Published: June 2023

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic pulmonary disease affecting premature infants and their families. The main pathogenesis of BPD is the abnormal inflammatory response in immature lungs, resulting in the distortion of lung development and influencing the formation of alveoli and vascular structures. Based on anti‐inflammatory mechanisms, glucocorticoids may reduce the incidence and mortality of BPD in premature infants, but different types and administrations of glucocorticoids may lead to various short‐term or long‐term outcomes, especially the most concerning neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Dexamethasone is currently recognized as a first‐choice drug for BPD, but the different administration methods may affect the efficacy and safety of the regimen. Hydrocortisone is currently considered to minimize both short‐term and long‐term adverse outcomes, but its effectiveness needs to be confirmed by further trials. Numerous alternative strategies have been proposed to reduce adverse reactions, such as moderate early dosing, lower cumulative doses, and individualized dosing, but the high‐quality evidence is still not enough. This review is trying to summarize some new developments in mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and other treatment regimens of systemic glucocorticoids for the prevention and treatment of BPD in the recent few years.
Proteomic analysis of the small extracellular vesicles and soluble secretory proteins from cachexia inducing and non‐inducing cancer cells
Authors: Chitti Sai V. , Kang Taeyoung , Fonseka Pamali , Marzan Akbar L. , Stewart Sarah , Shahi Sanjay , Bramich Kyle , Ang Ching‐Seng , Pathan Mohashin , Gummadi Sriram , Mathivanan Suresh
Published: June 2023

Cancer cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterised by the loss of fat and/or muscle mass in advanced cancer patients. It has been well‐established that cancer cells themselves can induce cachexia via the release of several pro‐cachectic and pro‐inflammatory factors. However, it is unclear how this process is regulated and the key cachexins that are involved. In this study, we validated C26 and EL4 as cachexic and non‐cachexic cell models, respectively. Treatment of adipocytes and myotubes with C26 conditioned medium induced lipolysis and atrophy, respectively. We profiled soluble secreted proteins (secretome) as well as small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) released from cachexia‐inducing (C26) and non‐inducing (EL4) cancer cells by label‐free quantitative proteomics. A total of 1268 and 1022 proteins were identified in the secretome of C26 and EL4, respectively. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of sEVs derived from C26 and EL4 cancer cells revealed a distinct difference in the protein cargo. Functional enrichment analysis using FunRich highlighted the enrichment of proteins that are implicated in biological processes such as muscle atrophy, lipolysis, and inflammation in both the secretome and sEVs derived from C26 cancer cells. Overall, our characterisation of the proteomic profiles of the secretory factors and sEVs from cachexia‐inducing and non‐inducing cancer cells provides insights into tumour factors that promote weight loss by mediating protein and lipid loss in various organs and tissues. Further investigation of these proteins may assist in highlighting potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers of cancer cachexia.
Skin metastasis in squamous cell cancer of cervix: A case report
Authors: Zhao Xiujuan , Chen Rui , Zhou Qi
Published: June 2023

Cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer among females in the world, ranks the second in China. In advanced disease, metastases may be commonly present in the lungs, bones, liver and lymph nodes or elsewhere, but uncommon to the skin. In this report, a 63‐year‐old woman was diagnosed as stage IVB cervical squamous cell cancer in January 2021. The patient was scheduled for concurrent chemoradiotherapy; however, a metastatic lesion of skin was proved by biopsy during the process of treatment. She died 1 month after confirmed skin metastases. Cutaneous metastasis of cervical cancer may predict the mix of lymphatic and hematogenous metastasis and the rapid fatal termination.
Anisotropic Stellar Systems in f(R)$f(R)$ Connected Static Spacetime
Authors: Sufyan M. , Ahmad Daud , Almutairi Bander , Khan A. S.
Published: June 2023

The idea of this paper is to look some anisotropic star models in a metric approach, where R is the Ricci scalar. The Karmarkar and Tolman system is used to analyze the physics of some spherically symmetric stars using two independent computational gravitational theories. The behavior of structural factors is evaluated using diagrams, and the feasibility of compact objects is investigated using boundary conditions for the involved constants. The investigation in the profiles of the effective energy/matter states, the equilibrium phases, and the Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff models and stability analysis is performed for various realistic candidates of stars. Under a few important cosmological backgrounds, the assessment of our graphics may offer assistance in the search of the realistic and viable gravitational models.
Using credible failure rates for SIS ensures process safety: A summary of the panel discussion
Authors: Bukowski Julia V. , Summers Angela E. , Goble William M. , Limaye Rajeev , Gutierrez Juan
Published: June 2023

On March 13, 2023, in conjunction with the 19th Global Congress on Process Safety, four of the authors gathered to participate in a panel session. The discussion centered on the premise that many individual device failure rates published by some manufacturers and some certifying agencies are deemed—by members of the panel, many safety instrumented system (SIS) designers, and practicing engineers in the field—to be too low. This is especially true for mechanical final elements. A SIS designed using these unrealistic failure rates often results in estimated safety integrity levels (SILs) for the individual safety instrumented functions (SIFs) comprising the SIS, which would be achievable only under the most optimistic assumptions regarding installation, operation, and maintenance. These estimated SILs are unlikely to be achieved in the field. The panel discussed the underlying causes of this serious safety issue and proposed some possible solutions. This paper summarizes the panel discussion among four of the authors. Relevant graphics shown during the discussion and some panelists' quotations are included.
Enhancement of Multiferroic and Optical Properties in BiFeO3 Due to Different Exchange Interactions Between Transition and Rare Earth Ions
Authors: Kumari Seema , Anand Khyati , Alam Mohd , Ghosh Labanya , Dixit Srishti , Singh Rahul , Jain Anil Kumar , Yusuf Seikh Mohammad , Gautam Chetna , Ghosh Anup K , Mohan Anita , Chatterjee Sandip
Published: June 2023

An experimental analysis of the Bi0.90Tb0.1Fe0.90Mn0.1O3 system synthesized via the solid‐state method is presented in this report. UV–visible measurements are carried out and a smaller bandgap (i.e., semiconductor‐type behavior) is obtained. The structural phase of the present system is analyzed with X‐ray diffraction and neutron diffraction measurement. Structural‐phase analysis reveals that the system contains two nuclear phases (rhombohedral structure [R3c space group] with orthorhombic [Pn21a space group]). Moreover, also more bending in the bond angle is found, and the existence of a magnetic phase with a nuclear phase for the Bi0.90Tb0.1Fe0.90Mn0.1O3 system is also confirmed by neutron diffraction. The magnetic moment versus temperature (M–T) curve demonstrates that the system's Néel transition temperature is at 568 K. The magnetization data show enhancement in the magnetic property by displaying the weak ferromagnetic‐type behavior at room temperature in the magnetic field versus magnetic moment (M–H) curve as compared to the parent compound. From dielectric measurement, the dielectric constant increases while the loss decreases.
Surface Structure and Temperature‐Reversible Phase Transition of Sn on W(110) Surface
Authors: Banik Dhiman , Nakagawa Takeshi
Published: June 2023

The growth of Sn overlayers on the W(110) surface is investigated using low‐energy electron diffraction analysis. The structural investigation reveals Sn adsorption sites on the W(110) for (1 × 3) and (1 × 4) structures. During the formation of the (1 × 3) structure, Sn atoms are only adsorbed on the threefold hollow sites. However, at higher coverages, Sn atoms are adsorbed on the fourfold hollow sites after the threefold hollow sites are filled up to form the (1 × 4) structure, resulting in a dense overlayer structure. Both structures are overlayer with no alloy formation at the interface. The (1 × 3) phase exhibits a temperature‐reversible phase transition below ≈270 K. At low temperatures, a phase with long‐range order is developed.
Spatiotemporal estimation of analysis errors in the operational global data assimilation system at the China Meteorological Administration using a modified SAFE method
Authors: Feng Jie , Wang Jincheng , Dai Guokun , Zhou Feifan , Duan Wansuo
Published: June 2023

Quantification of the uncertainties in initial analyses against the real atmosphere (“reality”) provides a fundamental reference for the evaluation and development of operational data assimilation (DA) systems. Due to the unknown reality, most existing methods for analysis error estimation use reanalysis datasets or observations as a proxy for reality, which are empirical, non‐objective, and biased. Unlike these methods, our study adopted a modified Statistical Analysis and Forecast Error (SAFE) estimation method to objectively and directly quantify spatiotemporal errors in analyses compared to reality based on unbiased assumptions. In the present study, the SAFE method was first applied to estimate the annual variation and spatial distribution of analysis errors in the Global Forecast System of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES_GFS) at the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) since the beginning of its operational implementation (i.e., 2016–2021). Qualitative comparison to analysis error estimations in previous studies showed that SAFE can provide more reasonable spatial‐mean analysis error profiles than can the estimation with the ERA‐5 reanalysis as a reference (the approach hereafter called “ERAv”). Moreover, ERAv overestimates (underestimates) the spatial‐mean analysis error below (above) approximately 500 hPa compared to SAFE because it neglects the uncertainties inherent in reanalysis. Overall, the SAFE estimation reveals that relative reductions of about 12.5%, 29%, and 24.5% were achieved for the spatial‐mean analysis errors of wind, temperature, and geopotential height, respectively, in the GRAPES_GFS throughout the six‐year study period. These results can largely be attributed to the DA scheme being upgraded from 3D‐Var to 4D‐Var. SAFE can also provide more reasonable and accurate pointwise analysis errors than ERAv can.
Disentangling the corporate effect on subsidiary performance
Authors: Andrews Daniel S. , Fainshmidt Stav , Fitza Markus , Kundu Sumit
Published: June 2023

Research Summary

Corporate parents are important to subsidiary performance, but prior strategy research presents mixed results about the extent to which parents drive subsidiary performance differences. Drawing on the corporate strategy literature, we argue that corporate parents’ influence depends on the size of the corporate portfolio that determines subsidiaries’ access to finite corporate resources and the contextual conditions—industrial relatedness and institutional distance—that favor or constrain the applicability of said resources. We find support using a variance decomposition analysis and data on 12,336 subsidiaries of 854 multinational firms. Our study demonstrates that the corporate effect varies according to the structure of the corporate portfolio and the subsidiaries in it. We reconcile theoretical arguments and empirical findings regarding the relative importance of corporate parents to subsidiary performance.

Managerial Summary

A core objective of corporate managers is understanding those channels most salient to subsidiary performance. The implicit assumption is that the corporate parent matters, but how much so remains unclear, especially since corporate parents cannot contribute equally to all subsidiaries. We demonstrate that the corporate parents of small subsidiary portfolios play a significant role in explaining subsidiary performance differences vis‐à‐vis parents of larger portfolios. We also show how this relative importance increases when subsidiaries exhibit higher industrial relatedness to and institutional distance from the parent. Our findings offer insights into the role of corporate parents in multiunit firms that operate across multiple industries and geographic locations, as well as the need to consider the heterogeneity of corporate influence within and between subsidiary portfolios.
Hot Ductility Evolution Mechanism of Titanium‐Bearing Microalloyed Steels
Authors: Liu Peng , Zheng Wan , Li Guangqiang , Zhang Huirong , Zhang Wenwen , Wang Chunfeng
Published: June 2023

Titanium‐bearing (Ti‐bearing) microalloyed steels have high strength and toughness by grain refinement effect of carbonitride precipitates. However, they can induce surface cracks of continuous casting slab when the Ti alloyed content is high. A microalloyed steel with Ti content (0.10–0.15 wt%) is carried out by thermalmechanical simulator over 600–1350 °C to analyze hot ductility evolution mechanism. Fracture surface morphology, phase transition, and behavior of precipitates of the tensile samples are investigated by experimental detection and thermodynamic calculation. The ductility–temperature curves show that the third brittle temperature range is 600–890 °C, which is mainly attributed to the thin proeutectoid ferrite film and precipitated titanium carbonitride particles, widening the embrittlement temperature ranges through of steel. In addition, the tensile samples at 890–1350 °C have good hot ductility, indicating the dynamic recrystallization of deformed austenite can trigger grain boundaries migration away from cracks and avoid the side effect of the Ti (C,N) particles on hot ductility. The first brittle temperature range of 1350 °C‐melting point is mainly ascribed to the partial melting of the grain boundaries with element segregation of sulfur and phosphorus, and microporosity loose among dendrites.
Neoliberalizing Subjects through Global ELT Programs
Authors: Shah Waqar Ali , Pardesi Hajra Y. , Memon Talha
Published: June 2023

A recent surge in textbooks studies has revealed a closer link with neoliberalism and the way they construct neoliberal subjects. This paper uses Foucauldian governmentality as the conceptual lens to analyze the neoliberal discourses in EFL textbooks used in English Access Microscholarship (EAM)—one of the US‐aided global ELT programs in Pakistan. English language learners' views on course outcomes and textbooks were also examined. The study shows that among others, English as a neoliberal life skill, celebrity culture, consumerism, entrepreneurship, and individual and corporate social responsibility dominate textbooks. It is thus found that textbooks play an important role in neoliberalizing learners. Moreover, English language learners perceive English as a key to economic success. They also value consumerism, branding, and personal responsibility. In light of the study findings, we suggest a decolonial option, reflective activism, and post‐method pedagogy as possible alternatives at the micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐levels to resist the discourses of neoliberalism and colonial power patterns entrenched in a postcolonial society like Pakistan.
Negotiating (Employable) Graduate Identity: Small Story Approach in Qualitative Follow-up Research
Authors: Siivonen Päivi , Korhonen Maija , Komulainen Katri , Mutanen Heli , Haltia Nina
Published: June 2023

In this methodological chapter, narrative positioning analysis in qualitative follow-up research is developed to analyse continuity and change of (employable) graduate identity through time. The analysis is illustrated with one business graduate’s example that was chosen as the educational and working life trajectory consists of breaks that require identity negotiation in relation to the normative ideals of employability. Narrative analysis permits the reading of graduate identity as an emergent phenomenon, making diverse positionings in relation to employability visible. Continuous negotiation of graduate identity implies that there is no single end-point in employability, but instead employability is a socially constructed process in which identity work has become salient to pursuing opportunities in working life. Moreover, our study shows that the normative employable ideal of an enterprising graduate identity is not equally available for those coming from a working-class background.
Einleitung: Phänomenologie des Leibes und der Leiblichkeit bei Marc Richir
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

Während Edward Osborne Wilson in der Soziobiologie die Kooperation zwischen diversen Gruppen als vorteilhaft für das Überleben der Spezies und die Ermöglichung komplexerer sozialer Ordnung versteht, versuchen wir zu zeigen, dass die Leiblichkeit ursprünglicher als die Kooperation und in der Phänomenologie seit Husserl als Bedingung nicht nur für ein mögliches soziales Leben, sondern auch für Welterschließung ist. Kooperation setzt daher die Leiblichkeit voraus, welche erst das Verstehen und die Kommunikation zwischen Menschen garantiert. Wenn das „Apriori der Leiblichkeit“ eine Bedingung zur Sozialität, zur Kommunikation usw. mit einem anderen Subjekt ist, so kann gesagt werden, dass das Subjekt in einer bestimmten Haltung und Beziehung zu seiner Umwelt steht. Richir schließt sich dem phänomenologischen Ausgangspunkt seit Husserl an, dass das Selbst als erfahrendes Subjekt sowohl über eine private, psychische [Leib], als auch eine öffentliche, physische Seite [Körper] verfügt und dass das Selbst nicht ohne sein Verhältnis zur Welt [Leiblichkeit] denkbar ist, um dann diese Ansätze neu zu denken. Bei Richir jedoch betrifft der Leib nicht nur das menschliche Wesen als ein erfahrendes, lebendiges Selbst, sondern artikuliert auch den Überschuss der Erfahrung, ohne den Leib aber symbolisch zu überbestimmen, aber dafür das spannungsvolle Verhältnis desselben im Abstand mit der symbolischen Institution zu artikulieren. Was aber die Leiblichkeit angeht, so distanziert sich Richir von sowohl Husserls Art der Weltbezüglichkeit, die die Intentionalität als allgemeingültige Struktur der Erschließung des Phänomens voraussetzt, als auch von Heideggers ontologisch aufgeladener Welterschließung. So ist also die Aufgabe einer phänomenologischen Analyse, den Überschuss der Leiblichkeit zu erklären, der zwischen dem Symbolischen und dem Nichtsymbolischen schwankt. Dieses Kapitel stellt – neben der Herausforderung, der Einschränkung, der Methodik und der Struktur der Arbeit – die These der Arbeit vor, dass dieser Überschuss in Richirs Phänomenologie in der Affektivität, im „Gefühl“, bei der Empfindung zur Wahrnehmung, im Denken usw. als Überschuss des Sprachlichen zu erforschen ist.
Schlussfolgerung, Diskussion und Ausblick
Authors: Ekweariri Dominic Nnaemeka
Published: June 2023

Wir sind am Ende unserer Untersuchung angelangt. In diesem abschließenden Teil halten wir es für angebracht, die vorangegangenen Kapitel in einen geschlossenen Bogen einzufügen. Danach gehen wir zu einer Diskussion über, die einen Ausblick auf das Forschungsfeld zu Richirs Phänomenologie eröffnet.
SaxoForN – Transregionales allgemeinmedizinisches Forschungspraxennetz Dresden und Frankfurt am Main
Authors: Mergenthal Karola , Güthlin Corina , Klein Astrid A. , Engler Jennifer , Gerber Meike , Petermann Jenny , Piller Steve , Bergmann Antje , Gerlach Ferdinand M. , Voigt Karen
Published: June 2023

Etablierte allgemeinmedizinische Forschungspraxennetze (FPN) erleichtern die Durchführung von klinischen Studien sowie Studien der Versorgungsforschung im hausärztlichen Setting. Seit Februar 2020 fördert das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) deutschlandweit den Aufbau von 6 allgemeinmedizinischen FPN und einer Koordinierungsstelle, um eine nachhaltige ambulante Forschungsinfrastruktur aufzubauen und so die Quantität und Qualität der Forschung in der Primärversorgung zu erhöhen.

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird das Konzept des „Allgemeinmedizinischen Forschungspraxennetzes Dresden/Frankfurt am Main – SaxoForN“ vorgestellt und dessen innovative Funktionsweise und Strukturen erläutert. Es handelt sich um einen transregionalen Verbund der beiden regionalen FPN mit den Namen „SaxoN“ (Dresden/Sachsen) und „ForN“ (Frankfurt am Main/Hessen), die sowohl transregional als auch lokal Forschungsprojekte umsetzen. Dafür wurden gemeinsame Standards konsentiert und harmonisierte Strukturen, z. B. zur Dateninfrastruktur, Qualifizierung, Partizipation sowie Akkreditierung, entwickelt und an beiden Standorten implementiert.

Ein kritischer Erfolgsfaktor wird sein, ob und inwiefern die Standards und Strukturen sowie die Ressourcenplanung nachhaltig gestaltet werden können, um langfristig qualitativ gute Forschung über die FPN zu ermöglichen. Dazu gehören die Akquise und langfristige Bindung der Praxen an das FPN, die Qualifizierung der Forschungspraxenteams sowie eine möglichst weitgehende Standardisierung der Prozesse, regelmäßige Dokumentation von Basisdaten und Versorgungsdaten aus den Praxen.
RELA governs a network of islet-specific metabolic genes necessary for beta cell function
Authors: Zammit Nathan W. , Wong Ying Ying , Walters Stacey N. , Warren Joanna , Barry Simon C. , Grey Shane T.
Published: June 2023

Aims/hypothesis

NF-κB activation unites metabolic and inflammatory responses in many diseases yet less is known about the role that NF-κB plays in normal metabolism. In this study we investigated how RELA impacts the beta cell transcriptional landscape and provides network control over glucoregulation.

Methods

We generated novel mouse lines harbouring beta cell-specific deletion of either the Rela gene, encoding the canonical NF-κB transcription factor p65 (βp65KO mice), or the Ikbkg gene, encoding the NF-κB essential modulator NEMO (βNEMOKO mice), as well as βA20Tg mice that carry beta cell-specific and forced transgenic expression of the NF-κB-negative regulator gene Tnfaip3, which encodes the A20 protein. Mouse studies were complemented by bioinformatics analysis of human islet chromatin accessibility (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing [ATAC-seq]), promoter capture Hi-C (pcHi-C) and p65 binding (chromatin immunoprecipitation–sequencing [ChIP-seq]) data to investigate genome-wide control of the human beta cell metabolic programme.

Results

Rela deficiency resulted in complete loss of stimulus-dependent inflammatory gene upregulation, consistent with its known role in governing inflammation. However, Rela deletion also rendered mice glucose intolerant because of functional loss of insulin secretion. Glucose intolerance was intrinsic to beta cells as βp65KO islets failed to secrete insulin ex vivo in response to a glucose challenge and were unable to restore metabolic control when transplanted into secondary chemical-induced hyperglycaemic recipients. Maintenance of glucose tolerance required Rela but was independent of classical NF-κB inflammatory cascades, as blocking NF-κB signalling in vivo by beta cell knockout of Ikbkg (NEMO), or beta cell overexpression of Tnfaip3 (A20), did not cause severe glucose intolerance. Thus, basal p65 activity has an essential and islet-intrinsic role in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. Genome-wide bioinformatic mapping revealed the presence of p65 binding sites in the promoter regions of specific metabolic genes and in the majority of islet enhancer hubs (~70% of ~1300 hubs), which are responsible for shaping beta cell type-specific gene expression programmes. Indeed, the islet-specific metabolic genes Slc2a2, Capn9 and Pfkm identified within the large network of islet enhancer hub genes showed dysregulated expression in βp65KO islets.

Conclusions/interpretation

These data demonstrate an unappreciated role for RELA as a regulator of islet-specific transcriptional programmes necessary for the maintenance of healthy glucose metabolism. These findings have clinical implications for the use of anti-inflammatories, which influence NF-κB activation and are associated with diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Geographical variation in treated psychotic and other mental disorders in Finland by region and urbanicity
Authors: Suokas Kimmo , Kurkela Olli , Nevalainen Jaakko , Suvisaari Jaana , Hakulinen Christian , Kampman Olli , Pirkola Sami
Published: June 2023

Purpose

In Finland, prevalence of schizophrenia is higher in the eastern and northern regions and co-occurs with the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores. Both genetic and environmental factors have been hypothesized to contribute to this variation. We aimed to examine the prevalence of psychotic and other mental disorders by region and degree of urbanicity, and the impacts of socio-economic adjustments on these associations.

Methods

Nationwide population registers from 2011 to 2017 and healthcare registers from 1975 to 2017. We used 19 administrative and three aggregate regions based on the distribution of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores, and a seven-level urban–rural classification. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated by Poisson regression models and adjusted for gender, age, and calendar year (basic adjustments), and Finnish origin, residential history, urbanicity, household income, economic activity, and physical comorbidity (additional adjustments) on an individual level. Average marginal effects were used to visualize interaction effects between region and urbanicity.

Results

A total of 5,898,180 individuals were observed. All mental disorders were slightly more prevalent (PR 1.03 [95% CI, 1.02–1.03]), and psychotic disorders (1.11 [1.10–1.12]) and schizophrenia (1.19 [1.17–1.21]) considerably more prevalent in eastern and northern than in western coastal regions. After the additional adjustments, however, the PRs were 0.95 (0.95–0.96), 1.00 (0.99–1.01), and 1.03 (1.02–1.04), respectively. Urban residence was associated with increased prevalence of psychotic disorders across all regions (adjusted PR 1.21 [1.20–1.22]).

Conclusion

After adjusting for socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, the within-country distribution of mental disorders no longer followed the traditional east–west gradient. Urban–rural differences, on the other hand, persisted after the adjustments.
Unusual cause of unilateral facial oedema: intramuscular dirofilariasis
Authors: Dosemane Deviprasad , Khadilkar Meera Niranjan , Sriperumbudur Susmita , Aggarwal Ishaan
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Unilateral facial oedema may occur due to inflammatory, infective, or cystic pathology; patients often seek medical help at an early stage.

Case report

We report one such case caused mimicking a parotid abscess, caused by dirofilariasis.

Conclusion

Dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonosis and should be considered a differential diagnosis of atypical facial swelling. It is equally important for clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists to be familiar with the diagnostic characteristics to avoid misdiagnosis.
A multiphysical computational model of myocardial growth adopted to human pathological ventricular remodelling
Authors: Lee Yongjae , Cansız Barış , Kaliske Michael
Published: June 2023

We present a novel three-dimensional constitutive model that describes an electro-visco-elastic-growth response on the myocardium with a fully implicit staggered solution procedure for the strong electromechanical coupling. The novel formulations of the myocardium allows us to simulate and analyze the remodelling of actively contracting human ventricular heart models which consist of growing viscoelastic myocardium where the growth direction is determined based on its mechanical state at each time step. The total deformation gradient is multiplicatively decomposed into a mechanical-active part and a growth part, where the mechanical-active part is further split into elastic, viscous, and active components. Unconditional stability of time integration is ensured by a backward Euler integration scheme. With the developed model, the myocardium can experience stretch-driven longitudinal (fibre) growth and stress-driven transverse (cross-fibre) growth. To validate the developed approach, two simulations regarding pathological ventricular remodelling are implemented: two divergent types of remodelling of a left ventricular model driven by hemodynamic overloads and ventricular remodelling triggered by acute myocardial ischemia in a biventricular heart model.
Frailty: the perioperative and anesthesia challenges of an emerging pandemic
Authors: Jin Zhaosheng , Rismany Joshua , Gidicsin Christopher , Bergese Sergio D.
Published: June 2023

Frailty is a complex and multisystem biological process characterized by reductions in physiological reserve. It is an increasingly common phenomena in the surgical population, and significantly impacts postoperative recovery. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of frailty, as well as preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations for frailty care. We will also discuss the different models of postoperative care, including enhanced recovery pathways, as well as elective critical care admission. With discoveries of new effective interventions, and advances in healthcare information technology, optimized pathways could be developed to provide the best care possible that meets the challenges of perioperative frailty.
Digitale Maßnahmen der Kundenkommunikation im inhabergeführten Einzelhandel zwischen kurzfristiger Reaktion auf die Coronapandemie und zukunftsfähiger Strategie
Authors: Gliesner Elisa , Schiller Daniel
Published: June 2023

Der inhabergeführte Einzelhandel steht vor besonderen Herausforderungen bei der Einführung und Etablierung digitaler Kundenkommunikationsmaßnahmen (KKM). Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Maßnahmen im Zuge der Coronapandemie eingeführt worden sind und welche dieser Maßnahmen besonders zukunftsfähig sein können. Darüber hinaus wird die Bedeutung von regionalen Netzwerken beim Wissenstransfer über digitale Maßnahmen betrachtet. Für die Untersuchung wurde in den drei Bundesländern Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt im März 2022 eine Online-Befragung von Inhabern durchgeführt und durch fünf Experteninterviews im April und Mai 2022 ergänzt. Für die Vergleichbarkeit der gewonnenen Ergebnisse wird eine großflächige Handelsstudie der IHK Köln und dem ibi Research Institut Regensburg aus dem Jahr 2020 herangezogen. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass insbesondere die digitale Sichtbarkeit für den Erhalt der inhabergeführten Einzelhandelsgeschäfte in Zukunft von zentraler Bedeutung sein wird. Ferner präsentieren sich die sozialen Medien mit ihrer perspektivisch ausgestatteten Verkaufsfunktion als geeignetes Instrument. Außerdem konnten durch eine differenzierte Betrachtung von Branchen und Zielgruppen sowie unterschiedlichen Ansätzen für den Einstieg in die digitale Kundenkommunikation zukunftsfähige und individuelle Maßnahmen identifiziert werden.
Montagne Pelée volcano (Martinique, in the French Lesser Antilles) hydrogeological system revealed by high-resolution helicopter-borne electromagnetic imagery
Authors: Vittecoq Benoit , Reninger Pierre-Alexandre , Bellier Vincent , Taïlamé Anne-Lise , Nacimento Laureen , Gros Emile , Violette Sophie
Published: June 2023

Montagne Pelée, on the French island of Martinique, eastern Caribbean Sea, has been one of the deadliest volcanoes in the world, with 30,000 victims following the 1902 eruption. Thousands of people still live nearby, and this volcano is a strategic “water tank” for Martinique Island, providing 40% of the island’s water supply. This research aimed to better understand its hydrogeological functioning and the relationship with its complex volcanological evolution, taking advantage of a high-resolution helicopter-borne geophysical survey correlated with hydrogeological data from the boreholes and springs databases. Electromagnetic data, correlated with hydrogeological data, allowed for the identification of unsaturated zones, aquifers, and seawater intrusions, as well as the main geological units. In addition, data synthesised from pumping tests revealed that the older the unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits, the lower their hydraulic conductivity. The structural asymmetry between the northeastern and southwestern volcano flanks impacts its hydrogeological functioning. Consequently, the Montagne Pelée hydrogeological conceptual model is marked by several distinguishable aquifers. The upper perched aquifer within recent lava domes is directly involved in, and impacted by, phreatic eruptions, and it supports low flowrate springs. The remaining effective rainfall infiltrates to depth and recharges the hydrothermal system through vertical fractures. The other aquifers are categorized into three groups: northeastern, southeastern and southwestern flank aquifers. This research is a new step toward a better understanding of the Lesser Antilles volcanoes and more broadly of the central and proximal parts of the andesitic active volcanoes.
Fürther Gespräche: Expertenforum für den Rettungsdienst mit Forderungen an Politik und Gesellschaft
Authors: Meyer Klaus , Dormann Harald , Prescher Thomas
Published: June 2023

Die rettungsdienstliche Versorgung, die Rettungsfachkräfteausbildung und die rechtlichen Vorraussetzungen in Deutschland bieten aktuell keine guten Rahmenbedingungen für die Zukunft. Ein Expertenforum mit deutschlandweiten Akteuren aus Wissenschaft, Bildung und Rettungsdienst diskutierten im Rahmen der Fürther Gespräche die Herausforderungen der Professionalisierung und der Kompetenzentwicklung des Rettungsdienstes und der präklinischen Versorgung in Deutschland. Die zentralen Ergebnisse und Schwerpunktthemen wurden in 7 Thesen zusammengefasst und konkrete Lösungsansätze entwickelt. Das Spannungsfeld umfasst hierbei die Anforderungen und Versorgungsbedarfe, die Prävention und erweiterte Versorgungskomponenten, die Digitalisierungsstrategie, integrierte Leitstellen und vernetzte Gesundheitsdienstleistungen, Personalentwicklung und -bindung sowie Qualifikationsniveaus und Notarztqualifikation.
Trigeminocervical pain sensitivity during the migraine cycle depends on headache frequency
Authors: Di Antonio Stefano , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Ponzano Marta , Bovis Francesca , Torelli Paola , Finocchi Cinzia , Castaldo Matteo
Published: June 2023

Objective

This experimental study aimed to assess pain sensitivity in low-frequency episodic migraine (LFEM), high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM), and chronic migraine (CM) patients across the different phases of the migraine cycle.

Method

In this observational, experimental study, clinical characteristics (diary and time from the last/next headache attack), and quantitative sensory testing (QST) (wind-up pain ratio (WUR) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) from the trigeminal area and PPT from the cervical spine) was performed. LFEM, HFEM, and CM were assessed in each of the 4 migraine phases (HFEM and LFEM: interictal, preictal, ictal, and postictal; CM: interictal and ictal) and compared vs. each other’s (matched for the phase) and controls.

Results

A total of 56 controls, 105 LFEM, 74 HFEM, and 32 CM were included. No differences in QST parameters were observed between LFEM, HFEM, and CM in any of the phases.

During the interictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: 1) LFEM had lower trigeminal PPT (p = 0.001) and 2) lower cervical PPT (p = 0.001). No differences were observed between HFEM or CM and healthy controls. During the ictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: HFEM and CM had 1) lower trigeminal PPTs (HFEM p = 0.001; CM = p < 0.001), 2) lower cervical PPT s (HFEM p = 0.007; CM p < 0.001), and 3) higher trigeminal WUR (HFEM p = 0.001, CM p = 0.006). No differences were observed between LFEM and healthy controls. During the preictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: 1) LFEM had lower cervical PPT (p = 0.007), 2) HFEM had lower trigeminal (p = 0.013) and 3) HFEM had lower cervical (p = .006) PPTs. During the postictal phase and when comparing with controls the following were found: 1) LFEM had lower cervical PPT (p = 0.003), 2) HFEM had lower trigeminal PPT (p = 0.005), and 3) and HFEM had lower cervical (p = 0.007) PPTs.

Conclusion

This study suggested that HFEM patients have a sensory profile matching CM better than LFEM. When assessing pain sensitivity in migraine populations, the phase with respects to headache attacks is of utmost importance and can explain the inconsistency in pain sensitivity data reported in the literature.