bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SÜTÇÜ İNEKLERDE MEME MİKROBİYOTASI
Authors: HALICI DEMİR Ceren , KIZIL Sibel
Published: August 2022

Günümüzde memeli hayvanlarda mikrobiyotanın varlığı sıklıkla araştırma

konusu olmaya başlamıştır. Mikrobiyotanın, canlının farklı bölgelerinde, en yoğun

olarak da bağırsak, deri, vagina ve memelerinde olduğu bildirilmektedir. Mikrobiyota,

hayvanların sağlık durumu ve hastalıkla ilgili bilgi vermesi ve hastalığın sağaltımında

büyük rol oynaması nedeniyle hayvan sağlığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Mikroorganizmaların hastalıkların temel sebeplerinden biri sayılması nedeniyle dünya

genelinde önemli bir hale gelmesi ve mikrobiyotanın geniş çerçevede değerlendirilmesi

bu konuya ışık tutması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Bu derlemeyle, sütçü

ineklerde meme mikrobiyotasında yer alan bakterilere, mikrobiyotanın belirlenmesinde

kullanılan yaklaşımlara, meme mikrobiyotasında görülen değişikliklere, meme başı ve

meme kanalı mikrobiyotasına, kolostrum mikrobiyotasına, mikrobiyotanın orijinine ve

mastitis ve mikrobiyota ilişkisine farklı bir pencereden bakılması amaçlanmaktadır.
EGZOTİK (YABANİ) HAYVANLARDAN KAYNAKLI ZOONOZLAR VE SAĞALTIMI
Authors: ARSLANBAŞ Emre , BAYDAN Emine
Published: August 2022

Günümüzde COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle özellikle egzotik (yabani) hayvan kaynaklı zoonotik hastalıkların önemi ve küresel ölçekte yaptıkları olumsuz etkiler tekrar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu derlemede, zoonotik hastalıkların nedenleri, hastalık etkenleri ve muhtemel tedavi metotları hakkında bilgi verilmeye çalışılmıştır. Belirtilen çerçevede konu bakteriyel zoonozlar, paraziter/fungal zoonozlar, viral zoonozlar ana başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır.
GEBELİKTE İLAÇ KULLANIMI VE TERATOJENİTE
Authors: EMİROĞLU Sara Buşra , SAKİN Fatih
Published: August 2022

Gebelik sırasında annede şekillenen fizyolojik değişiklikler nedeniyle birçok ilacın farmakokinetik özelliği değişmekte, bu nedenle gebelerde dozaj rejimini düzenlemek gerekmektedir. Bunun yanında bazı ilaçların fetüs ya da embriyo üzerinde teratojenik etkilerinin varlığı gebelerde ilaç kullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu risklerin önüne geçmek amacıyla oluşturulan risk sınıflandırma sistemleri hekimlere rehberlik etmektedir. Ancak bu sınıflandırma sistemleri her tür açısından uygun olmadığı için özellikle veteriner hekimlik alanında kullanımı sınırlı olmakta ve diğer türlerde oluşturabileceği zararlı etkileri hakkında veteriner hekimlere bir tahmin sunabilmektedir. Bu derlemede gebelerde ilaç kullanımı, teratojenik ilaçlar ve etki şekillerini belirtmek, ayrıca veteriner hekimlerin gebe hastalarına ilaç kullanımı hakkında rehber olmak amaçlanmıştır.
Global Modeling of Nebulae with Particle Growth, Drift, and Evaporation Fronts. III. Redistribution of Refractories and Volatiles
Authors: Estrada Paul R. , Cuzzi Jeffrey N.
Published: August 2022

Formation of the first planetesimals remains an unsolved problem. Growth by sticking must initiate the process, but multiple studies have revealed a series of barriers that can slow or stall growth, most of them due to nebula turbulence. In a companion paper, we study the influence of these barriers on models of fractal aggregate and solid, compact particle growth in a viscously evolving solar-like nebula for a range of turbulent intensities α
t = 10−5–10−2. Here, we examine how the disk composition in these same models changes with time. We find that advection and diffusion of small grains and vapor, and radial inward drift for larger compact particles and fractal aggregates, naturally lead to diverse outcomes for planetesimal composition. Larger particles can undergo substantial inward radial migration due to gas drag before being collisionally fragmented or partially evaporating at various temperatures. This leads to enhancement of the associated volatile in both vapor inside, and solids outside, their respective evaporation fronts, or snowlines. In cases of lower α
t, we see narrow belts of volatile or supervolatile material develop in the outer nebula, which could be connected to the bands of pebbles seen by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Volatile bands, which migrate inwards as the disk cools, can persist over long timescales as their gas phase continues to advect or diffuse outward across its evaporation front. These belts could be sites where supervolatile-rich planetesimals form, such as the rare CO-rich and water-poor comets; giant planets formed just outside the H2O snowline may be enhanced in water.
Exomoons as Sources of White Dwarf Pollution
Authors: Trierweiler Isabella L. , Doyle Alexandra E. , Melis Carl , Walsh Kevin J. , Young Edward D.
Published: August 2022

Polluted white dwarfs (WDs) offer a unique way to study the bulk compositions of exoplanetary material, but it is not always clear if this material originates from comets, asteroids, moons, or planets. We combine N-body simulations with an analytical model to assess the prevalence of extrasolar moons as WD polluters. Using a sample of observed polluted WDs, we find that the extrapolated parent body masses of the polluters are often more consistent with those of many solar system moons, rather than solar-like asteroids. We provide a framework for estimating the fraction of WDs currently undergoing observable moon accretion based on results from simulated WD planetary and moon systems. Focusing on a three-planet WD system of super-Earth to Neptune-mass bodies, we find that we could expect about one percent of such systems to be currently undergoing moon accretions as opposed to asteroid accretion.
Limb-darkening Coefficients for the Filter CBB
Authors: Claret A. , Mullen E. , Gary B. L.
Published: August 2022

The CBB filter is particularly appropriate for exoplanet differential photometry using smaller (≤1.0 m) telescopes for two primary reasons. First, the CBB filter provides far greater throughput than standard filters (i.e., 92% throughput for CBB compared to 19% for V), which results in significantly greater measurement precision. Second, the CBB significantly reduces the size of air-mass curvature systematic error (8 mmag/airmass for a CBB filter compared to 59 mmag/airmass for a clear filter). In this Research Note we provide the theoretical calculations of the limb-darkening coefficients (LDCs) for the filter CBB adopting the two most used bi-parametric laws: quadratic and power-2 laws. The calculations of LDCs were carried out adopting the ATLAS stellar atmosphere models, plane-parallel version. These grids cover 19 metallicities ranging from 10−5 up to 10 +1 solar abundances, 0 ≤ log g ≤ 5.0 and 3500 K ≤ T
eff ≤ 50,000 K (9586 models).
The Behavior of HgMn Stars in the Far UV-Paper 11: HD 53929 and HD 172044
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: August 2022

The analysis of low and high resolution spectra of the chemically peculiar stars HD 53929 and HD 172044 recorded by the SWP camera on board the International Ultraviolet Explorer reveals no variations of the far-ultraviolet fluxes of these stars. The far-ultraviolet Ga ii and Ga iii resonance lines are strong absorbers in the spectrum of HD 172044. The TESS lightcurve of HD 172044 suggests a period close to 4.347 ± 0.135 days which could be the rotational period. On SWP 34118 the resonance lines of Si ii and Ga ii are blueshifted compared to SWP 34110 probably reflecting the orbital motion of HD 172044.
Diversity and composition of riparian vegetation across forest and agro-ecosystem landscapes of Cabadbaran River, Agusan del Norte, Philippines
Authors: Sarmiento Roger , Balagon Kevin , Merisco Fritz Floyd , Aniñon Reonil , Medrano Mhar Christian , Kitche Kyle
Published: August 2022

The Cabadbaran River Irrigation System (CabRIS) supports about 3,212 hectares of farmland for irrigation. Unfortunately, the local irrigation office reported an insufficient water supply for irrigation to serve the entire service area in the past cropping seasons. The water yield has been dwindling; hence, an irrigation system management plan will address the water resource crisis. As a component of the project "Cabadbaran River Irrigation System Management Plan for Irrigation Water Resources (2022-2026)", the biophysical team carried out a floristic assessment for the entire watershed. The study used the quadrat-transect sampling method to assess and characterise the structure and species composition of the riparian areas of the main Cabadbaran River, Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte, Philippines. Results recorded about 109 morpho-species belonging to 46 families and 88 genera from the sampling sites. Nineteen species were listed either on the Philippine Red List or the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The plant diversity assessment revealed that biodiversity in riparian forests in the watershed was low to very low due to the massive rampant disturbance in the area. The riparian ecosystem of the Cabadbaran River represents a fragile ecosystem that is threatened by increasing demands on the regional water supply and the conversion of lands into tree plantations and agriculture. Addressing these driving forces causing biodiversity loss will impart a significant challenge for irrigation and land managers in the region.
Multiobjective path optimization of an indoor AGV based on an improved ACO-DWA
Authors: Xiao Jinzhuang , Yu Xuele , Sun Keke , Zhou Zhen , Zhou Gang
Published: August 2022

With their intelligence, flexibility, and other characteristics, automated guided vehicles (AGVs) have been popularized and promoted in traditional industrial markets and service industry markets. Compared with traditional transportation methods, AGVs can effectively reduce costs and improve the efficiency of problem solving in various application developments, but they also lead to serious path-planning problems. Especially in large-scale and complex map environments, it is difficult for a single algorithm to plan high-quality moving paths for AGVs, and the algorithm solution efficiency is constrained. This paper focuses on the indoor AGV path-planning problem in large-scale, complex environments and proposes an efficient path-planning algorithm (IACO-DWA) that incorporates the ant colony algorithm (ACO) and dynamic window approach (DWA) to achieve multiobjective path optimization. First, inspired by the biological population level, an improved ant colony algorithm (IACO) is proposed to plan a global path for AGVs that satisfies a shorter path and fewer turns. Then, local optimization is performed between adjacent key nodes by improving and extending the evaluation function of the traditional dynamic window method (IDWA), which further improves path security and smoothness. The results of simulation experiments with two maps of different scales show that the fusion algorithm shortens the path length by 9.9 and 14.1% and reduces the number of turns by 60.0 and 54.8%, respectively, based on ensuring the smoothness and safety of the global path. The advantages of this algorithm are verified. QBot2e is selected as the experimental platform to verify the practicability of the proposed algorithm in indoor AGV path planning.
Application of Porous Nanomaterials for Sustained and Targeted Drug Release
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Javed , Unnisa Aziz , Singh Anshul , Verma Devvret , Kanaoujiya Rahul , Gonzales Jose Luis Arias
Published: August 2022

Patients must take significant doses of drugs to acquire the therapeutic effects required for disease therapy due to the absence of selectivity and accessibility of medicinal molecules. Drugs contain a range of drug carriers that are available to transport therapeutic chemicals to the targeted issues in the body. Mesoporous materials are choice for overcoming the aforementioned issues and producing effects in a predictable and long-term way. Because of its chemical characteristics, thermal stability, & biocompatibility, mesophoric nanoparticles are commonly utilized as release reagents. The innovative silica mesophore technology allows for efficient drug loading and administration after the target site has been reached. The additives used to manufacture MSNs can affect the property of mesoporous materials, including pore width, porosity, drug load, and surface characteristics. The need for an active surface provides for surface treatment as well as the coupling of therapeutic substances. They are widely employed in the bio-medical industry for diagnosis, target medication administration, bio-sensing, cellular absorption, and so on. The purpose of this study is, to sum up the existing level of information about mesoporous nanomaterials and their applications in diverse healthcare sectors.
Efficacy and Safety of Huachansu Capsules for the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Wang Meng-Meng , Zhang Xing-Hui , Wang Jun-Yan , Xua Jing , Chen Ming-Zhu , Wang Shu-Yue , Jia Min , Shen Zhi-Wen , Zhang Ling-Jian , Gong Yang , Gong Jian
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huachansu capsules in the treatment of esophageal cancer. We searched all relevant Chinese and English documents in the Cochrane Library Clinical Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, and VIP databases, from the time the databases were established to December 2020. The studies were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was evaluated. We used RevMan 5.4 to conduct the meta-analysis of measurement indicators and intervention measures. Six randomized controlled trials comprising 526 patients with esophageal cancer were included in the study. Compared with radiotherapy and chemotherapy alone, oral Huachansu capsules combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy improved the clinical efficacy (risk ratio [RR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.55, P < 0.0001), quality of life (weighted mean difference [MD] = 10.01, 95% CI [3.39–16.64], P = 0.003), and immune level (CD3+: MD = 4.99, 95% CI [3.70–6.29], P < 0.0001; CD4+: MD = 6.49, 95% CI [5.55–7.42], P < 0.0001; CD5+: MD = 0.20, 95% CI [0.11–0.28], P < 0.0001), and reduced toxic and side effects (reductions in white blood cell count: RR = 0.63, 95% CI [0.44–0.90], P = 0.01; Reductions in blood platelet: RR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.52–0.94], P = 0.02; Gastrointestinal reaction: RR = 0.73, 95% CI [0.59–0.89], P = 0.002). However, the number of included studies was small, and conclusions still need to be further verified using larger samples and high-quality randomized, double-blind controlled trials.
Application and advantages of three-dimensional printing in treatment of masquelet membrane induction for infectious tibial bone defects
Authors: Wei Chunwei , Chen Jiayi , Zheng Chenxiao
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the treatment of infected tibial bone defects had been a challenge for orthopaedic surgeon. Ilizarov technique had demonstrated its several advantages to repair tibial bone defects, which was recommended by most studies. However, it takes too much time and makes it difficult for patient to persist. Autogenous bone grafts or bone graft substitutes had demonstrated a recognized clinical efficacy, but the existing biomaterials could not meet the clinical requirements including bone induction, structural support, and controllable biodegradability. In order to offer the possibility of individualized treatment, the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the medical field has been expanding. A 1:1 3D reconstruction model can be used to control the accuracy of implantation in Masquelet’s technique for tibial bone defect patients, which could improve the quality and size of induction membrane. However, there are still many disadvantages of its application. Infectious bone defects of the tibia are often frequently accompanied with defect or deficiency of skin, muscle, blood vessels, or some other soft tissues. Moreover, it is difficult to be applied in some hospitals because it requires requirement cooperation of orthopedic surgeons, imaging physicians, and device engineers. This paper reviews the research and application of 3D printing technology in Masquelet membrane induction in patients with infectious tibial bone defect, as well as its clinical advantages and challenges.
Simplified technique for lateral canthal tendon canthopexy
Authors: Qureshi Zain , Bernard Alec , Grisolia Ana Beatriz D , Jaru-Ampornpan Pimkwan , Ozgonul Cem , Demirci Hakan
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Different techniques for lateral canthal suspension have been used in the management of various eyelid malpositions. We describe a simplified technique for lateral canthal suspension and review its outcome along with a review of existing variations.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 28 eyelids in 22 patients who underwent simplified lateral canthal suspension. Demographics, symptoms at presentation, and associated eyelid malposition were noted. We evaluated the palpebral fissure and margin-reflex distance 2 (MRD2) on the preoperative and final postoperative photographs by using MEEI FACE-gram software. We also reviewed existing literature on different surgical management options for comparison.

Results:

At three-month postoperative follow-up, presenting symptoms resolved in all cases. The average postoperative decease in palpebral fissure was 0.73 mm (P = 0.018) and the average decrease of the MRD2 was 1.02 mm (P = 0.0003). Recurrence occurred by three months in one eyelid (4%) with ectropion due to moderate eyelid laxity, and this case was managed with tarsal strip procedure. One patient (5%) who had bilateral surgery had asymmetric lower eyelid position and one patient (5%) had persistent edema of the operated eyelid for six months.

Conclusion:

This simplified canthal suspension is a simple and effective technique that tightens the lateral canthal tendon and improves the lower eyelid position. It can be used in various mild-to-moderate eyelid laxities and has favorable operative characteristics compared with many existing techniques.
Analysis of motivating factors for eye donation among families of eye donors in South India – A questionnaire-based study
Authors: Christy Josephine S , Ramulu Priyanka K , Priya T Vijhaya , Nair Megha , Venkatesh Rengaraj
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To report the factors influencing eye donation among families of successful eye donors in India.

Methods:

The consenting family members of 434 deceased individuals who donated eyes between April 2019 and March 2020 were retrospectively interviewed via a telephonic questionnaire survey. Details regarding the donors and their families, motivating factors for eye donation, and time taken for tissue recovery were collected and analyzed.

Results:

The mean age of donors was 66.8 years, and only 13.9% of them had pledged to donate their eyes before death. For 62.3% of donations, children of donors were the primary consenters for eye donation. In 18.8% of donors, there was a previous history of eye donation in the family. Many donations were motivated by a non-governmental organization volunteer (40.5%) or by a grief counselor at the hospital (27.4%). Hospital-based corneal retrieval programs and donations where the first eye bank contact was made through hospital personnel had the greatest percentage of rapid enucleations (performed within 3 h after death) (48.7% and 49.1%, respectively; P = 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion:

Children of donors, typically in the working-age group, most often make the decision for donation, and hence, future awareness programs should focus on this specific population. All types of hospitals should advocate for eye donation as they are a common point of contact for a grieving family, and health-care professionals at all levels should be considered for training as motivators for eye donation.
Bioinformatic analysis identifies potential key genes in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Wang Zhiyue , Huang Xinyu , Lv Xiao , Chen Chao , Qu Shen , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Li , Bi Yanlong
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in older individuals. More studies focused on screening the genes, which may be correlated with the development of AMD. With advances in various technologies like multiple microarray datasets, researchers could identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) more accurately. Exploring abnormal gene expression in disease status can help to understand pathophysiological changes in complex diseases. This study aims to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in AMD and reveal factors, especially genetic association, and the prognosis of the development of this disease.

Methods:

Data from expression profile GSE125564 and profile GSE29801 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We analyzed DEGs using R software (version 3.6.3). Functional enrichment and PPI network analysis were performed using the R package and online database STRING (version 11.0).

Results:

We compared AMD with normal and found 68 up-regulated genes (URGs) and 25 down-regulated genes (DRGs). We also compared wet AMD with dry AMD and found 41 DRGs in dry AMD. Further work including PPI network analysis, GO classification, and KEGG analysis was done to find connections with AMD. The URGs were mainly enriched in the biological process such as DNA replication, nucleoplasm, extracellular exosome, and cadherin binding. Besides, DRGs were mainly enriched in these functions such as an integral component of membrane and formation of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB).

Conclusion:

This study implied that core genes might involve in the process of AMD. Our findings may contribute to revealing the pathogenesis, developing new biomarkers, and raising strategies of treatment for AMD.
Management of intrascleral chestnut burr spines under ultrasound biomicroscopy guidance
Authors: Wang Mingling , Deng Wen , Li Jun , Cong Richang , Xiao Tianlin
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To explore the efficacy of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as a tool for detecting and localizing intrascleral chestnut burr spines.

Methods:

Individuals who were diagnosed with definitive or suspected intrascleral chestnut burr injuries between 2019 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent UBM to detect potential intrascleral spines. UBM imaging features were recorded and analyzed. Intrascleral spines were removed based upon UBM-guided localization. Patient clinical profiles, management, and treatment outcomes were recorded.

Results:

A total of 10 eyes (10 patients; 6 males, 4 females) were diagnosed with intrascleral spines over the study period, with an average patient age of 55 years (range: 39–71). Three of these 10 eyes exhibited involvement of the palpebrae and cornea, whereas three exhibited corneal involvement, and the remaining four patients exhibited only intrascleral spine injuries owing to their having undergone previous intracorneal spine extraction procedures. UBM features consistent with chestnut burr spines manifest a hyperechoic spot with a shadow. UBM enabled the precise localization of these spines and thus ensured their successful removal via a single surgery. During follow-up, two patients experienced vitreous hemorrhage due to a penetrating injury into the ciliary body that was gradually absorbed. All patients with eye irritation and red eyes progressed favorably, and no surgical complications were recorded.

Conclusion:

A retained scleral chestnut burr spine should be suspected if a patient complains of persistent eye irritation following intracorneal spine removal. UBM may be a valuable tool for detecting spines retained in the sclera, enabling the successful removal thereof.
The impact of early intervention on a child with vision loss in infancy - A parental perspective
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta K , Veer Amrapali B , Gaikwad Ashwini , Deshpande Madan
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To assess the impact of early intervention services provided to children with visual loss and to report how parents perceive them in terms of a child’s development and the family dynamics.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted on a purposively selected sample of 15 children with severe visual impairment, availing early intervention services at a tertiary care facility in Pune, Maharashtra. Data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews of the parents with the help of a semi-structured interview topic guide. Participants were asked in detail about how and whether various components of the early intervention program (EIP) had an impact on their child. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated into English, and the resultant textual data were analyzed using the qualitative research software NVIVO 12 to identify themes and sub-themes under each domain.

Results:

A total of 15 children were included in the study, with ages ranging from 13 months to 5 years. All the children included in the study suffered from severe visual impairment in infancy (Vision 3/60 – PL). In the course of this EIP, the majority of the children showed consistent progress in various aspects of child development. According to the parents, the most beneficial components of EIP were visual stimulation exercises, an improvised teaching methodology, and counseling services.

Conclusion:

Almost all the parents included in the study reported a positive change in the behavior and development of the child as well as improved family dynamics after implementation of EIP.
Association of near work and dim light with myopia among 1400 school children in a district in North India
Authors: Chhabra Sargam , Rathi Manisha , Sachdeva Sumit , Rustagi Inder Mohan , Soni Dixit , Dhania Sweety
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine the association of near work and dim light with myopia among school children in a district in North India.

Methods:

This study included a total of 1400 children of either sex studying in classes 5-10 in various schools of a district in North India, after taking consent from their guardians. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Myopes were called to our institute where wet retinoscopy was done and spectacles were prescribed.

Results:

There was a highly statistically significant correlation between myopia and increase in reading hours (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia and >6hours of using mobile phones /week, more hours spent on using mobile phones correlated with an increased prevalence of myopia (P< 0.01). There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia and increasing hours of playing video games (P<0.01). We found a highly statistically significant positive correlation between the prevalence of myopia and reading in dim light (P=0.0006).

Conclusion:

There was a positive association between myopia and hours of doing near work. The prevalence of myopia increased with increased hours of doing near work (reading, playing video games and using mobile phones). The study showed a correlation between reading in dim light and myopia. Prevention of myopia may be possible by avoiding these risk factors.
Clinical profile and ophthalmological manifestations of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in adults at a tertiary care center in India: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chavan Jonathan M , Joseph Mary
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

Our aim was to describe the clinical profile of patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), assess ophthalmological manifestations, and correlate grade of papilledema with optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure.

Methods:

This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients between 18 and 60 years, diagnosed with IIH using modified Dandy criteria were included. Demographic details, ocular symptoms and signs were noted and papilledema graded. Ocular investigations such as B-scan ONSD and perimetry findings were noted for analysis.

Results:

The study included 32 patients of mean age 35.25(±9.57) years with a predominantly female population (96.9%). Mean BMI was 28.12(±5.32) kg/m2. Common presenting complaint was headache (87.5%). The most common gynecological disorder was dysmenorrhea (15.6%). Vitamin D deficiency (46.9%) was a biochemical abnormality seen. Most patients had BCVA 6/6 (62.5%). Lateral rectus palsy was present in 12.5%. Papilledema was present in 81.3% eyes with 31.3% Grade I. There was visual field loss in 53.1%, with 20.3% Grade I. Mean CSF opening pressure was 376.3(±191.51) mmH2O. MRI showed empty sella (34.4%) and tortuous optic nerve (18.8%). MRV showed transverse sinus stenosis (52.4%) as common abnormality. There was significant correlation between grade of papilledema and B-scan ONSD. No correlation was seen between CSF opening pressure and ONSD, grade of papilledema and grade of visual field defect and CSF opening pressure with BMI.

Conclusion:

Clinical profile of patients with IIH was an overweight female of child-bearing age with headache. Visual field examinations are essential in management and follow-up. B-scan ONSD is useful to quantify raised ICP.
Gonioscopic angle evaluation and its correlation with graft survival and post-operative ocular hypertension in patients of Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Shakya Rakesh , Ahluwalia Navjot Singh , Shah Chintan , Mohan Amit , Parmar Gautam , Gupta Amit , Gupta Ramesh K C , Borde Prashant , Jain B K
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate the gonioscopic changes in patients receiving Descemet’s stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) without pre-existing ocular hypertension (OHT) and to report its correlation with post-surgery OHT, graft survival, and visual outcomes.

Methods:

Adult patients who underwent DSEK surgery from April 2014 to March 2018 with at least 2 years of follow-up were analyzed in this retrospective study. Demographic details, indication of DSEK, necessary anterior and posterior segment findings, and the post-DSEK OHT details were documented.

Results:

A total of 58 patients (23 males and 35 females) with a mean age of 61.44 ± 8.8 years were included in the study. The most common etiology for DSEK surgery was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in 47 eyes (81.03%). A total of 22.41% (13/58) eyes showed elevated intra-ocular pressure (IOP) following DSEK surgery. The most common cause of IOP elevation was steroid-induced OHT in seven eyes (12.06%). Gonioscopy examination revealed areas of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) in 17 (29.3%) eyes. OHT was found in 4/17 (23.5%) eyes having PAS. Three of these cases required trabeculectomy + goniosynechiolysis (GSL), and the fourth case required GSL alone to control IOP. These four cases also required repeat DSEK for failed grafts. The mean pre-operative best corrected visual acuity was 1.62 logMAR (range 1.17–1.77), which gradually improved to 0.79 logMAR (range 0.3–1.77) after 2 years (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion:

PAS was found to be an important factor associated with post-DSEK ocular hypertension in our study. OHT in PAS cases required definitive surgical treatments to control IOP. It adversely affected the graft survival and in turn affected visual outcomes also.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of the Younger Generation
Authors: Kakodkar Pradnya V. , Singh Rishav Narayan , Agarwal Sameer
Published: August 2022

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic in March 2020. It had opened doors to several issues that were never envisaged. The global economy and the health equilibrium were disturbed. This review systematically assesses and compiles the literature describing the influence of COVID-19 on the psychological or mental health of the younger generation. Databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were searched electronically for relevant data. The results indicate that the mental health of the younger generation was affected to a large extent. The school and college students had to adapt to the new way of online education. COVID-19 had affected childhood, family dynamics and students' lives in schools and colleges. It increased the number of domestic violence cases, which had severe effects on the mental health status of the younger generation.
Patterns of Haematological Malignancies on Bone Marrow Examination
Authors: Chandra Harish , Kunnumbrath Arathi , Bharati Vandana , Singh Neha , Nath Uttam Kumar , Gupta Arvind Kumar
Published: August 2022

Aims and Objectives:

Haematological malignancy may show varied presentation in different regions of world, however, Uttarakhand lacks any recent data about them. The present study was therefore conducted to study the pattern of haematological malignancies on bone marrow examination in institute of Uttarakhand.

Materials and Methods:

This study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, over a period of 3 years. It included patients of haematological malignancies diagnosed on bone marrow examination. Patient's age, sex, clinical history and bone marrow diagnosis were noted for every case. All the data were entered into the excel sheet and statistically analysed.

Results:

The study included total 256 cases of haematological malignancies with male:female ratio of 1.13:1 and mean age of 39.3 years. Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (CMPN) was the most common haematological malignancy (49%) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) being its most common type (40%). All the haematological malignancies showed male preponderance except for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Mean age of CMPN was 45.81 years and of acute myeloid leukaemia was 36.92 years. Bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and trephine biopsy (BMT) together were able to diagnose 81.3% of cases of haematological malignancies.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that haematological malignancies present at lesser age with male preponderance in Uttarakhand. CML is the most common haematological malignancy followed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. BMA and BMT are complimentary to each other for diagnosis of haematological malignancies and should be used together to avoid missing of any case.
Evaluation of Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Index among Women of Central India
Authors: Chandrakar Tripti , Verma Nirmal , Gupta Shubhra A. , Dhurandhar Diwakar
Published: August 2022

Background:

Chhattisgarh is one of the worst performing states of India in terms of maternal mortality ratio figures. Slums carry the unfortunate burden of maximum maternal deaths. Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness(BPCR) advocates planning of birth and being ready for any obstetric complications.

Aim:

To evaluate the BPCR index among first and second trimester pregnant women and those delivered within 6 months living in urban slums of Raipur city.

Methods:

A population-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 160 pregnant and 70 recently delivered women residing in urban slums of Raipur city selected by multistage random sampling using an interview method. BPCR index was calculated using Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynaecology and Obstetrics guidelines. BPCR components were correlated for any association with sociodemographic variables of the participants using Z test.

Results:

BPCR index came out to be 34.1%, which was very low. Factors associated with ≥4 antenatal care visits were general category women (P = 0.0375) and homemakers (P = 0.0057). Identifying skilled provider was higher in educated women (P = 0.0001), those with educated husbands (P = 0.0085), working (P = 0.0167) and with higher socioeconomic status (P = 0.0013). Saving money for childbirth was more among general category (P = 0.0067), educated (P = 0.0094) and women with low socioeconomic status (P = 0.0004).

Conclusions:

BPCR index of the study area was found to be very low.
Compact food bar improves cardiopulmonary function in men military athletes
Authors: Hadi Saeid , Amani Reza , Mazaheri Tehrani Mostafa , Hadi Vahid , Hejri Sudiyeh , Mirghazanfari Sayid Mahdi , Askari Gholamreza
Published: August 2022

Background:

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of compact food bar (CFB) designed on cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.

Materials and Methods:

In this randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial, 46 men of military staff were arranged into 2 groups and studied for 28 days; one branch used 3 packs daily, 700 kcal each, of CFB with Functional compounds (Caffeine and L-arginine) and the other group used regular food during training course. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) in vitro with cardiopulmonary exercise test, body composition, and physical activity were assessed and recorded at baseline and end of the study period.

Results:

VO2 Max (P = 0.05) significantly increased in CFB group compared with baseline. Moreover, VO2 Max (P = 0.01), VO2/HR (P = 0.04), oxygen uptake/heart rate (VO2/HR) (P = 0.03), and ventilation per minute/oxygen uptake (VE/VO2) (P = 0.03) significantly increased in CFB group compared with control group. In comparison, there was no significant difference in mean ventilation per minute/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) (P = 0.41), ventilation per minute (VE) (P = 0.69), and breathing frequency (P = 0.056). No significant effect of CFB was found on weight, body mass index (P = 0.23), lean body mass (P = 0.91), and body fat mass (P = 0.91).

Conclusion:

Our results show that intervention with CFB is more effective than regular diet in improving cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Working Mothers in Enugu
Authors: Onwuka Chidinma Ifechi
Published: August 2022

Introduction:

The practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has remained low despite its benefits. This is worsened when the woman has to combine breastfeeding with work in order to support her family.

Objective:

The objective was to determine the factors influencing EBF among working mothers in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a questionnaire-based study of 315 nursing mothers in postpartum period, attending the immunisation centres of the Institute of Child Health of both University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital and Enugu State University Teaching Hospital. The information obtained was analysed using SPSS version 22. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Although 82.5% (n = 260) of the respondents were aware of EBF recommendation, only 69% (n = 217) practised EBF. A majority of the mothers (87%) initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of delivery. Ninety-nine percent of the mothers did not have workplace facilities (such as breastfeeding rooms, nursery, refrigerator, and privacy) that support breastfeeding practice. The main reasons for not practising EBF were pressure of work (40.8%, n = 40/98) and medical conditions (32.7%, n = 32/98). Low parity (P = 0.018) and registration for antenatal care in the hospital (P = 0.009) were significantly associated with EBF.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of EBF among working mothers in Enugu South-Eastern Nigeria is still suboptimal; thus there is a need for policy change in order to remove or mitigate associated factors. A multi-institutional national survey on the determinants of EBF among working mothers across the six geopolitical zones of the country may be necessary.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle Disorders in Adult Nigerians in Lagos
Authors: Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Afolabi Babalola Ishmael , Onigbinde Stephen Olaoluwa , Ogholoh Oghenetejiri Denise , Nwafor Nkem Nnenna
Published: August 2022

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to establish the frequency, distribution, and spectrum of abnormalities on ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adult Nigerians.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of ankle MRI of 50 adult patients was conducted at a single health facility. All adult Nigerians with complete clinical data, MRI images, and radiologists’ reports were included. The clinical history and ankle MRI findings were recorded and analysed. The threshold for statistical significance was established at P≤0.05.

Results:

There were 50 subjects comprising 27 males (54%) and 23 females (46%) aged 25–66 years (mean age = 42.84 ± 9.63 years). The right ankle was evaluated in 27 subjects (54%), while the left ankle was studied in 23 (46%). There was a history of trauma in 40 subjects (80%; 27 right ankles and 13 left ankles). Ankle joint effusion was the most common abnormality—seen in 50% of all subjects and in 62.5% of those with antecedent trauma. Achilles tendinosis and Kager (pre-Achilles) fat pad oedema (8–12%), deltoid ligament tear (8%), and medial malleolar fracture (4%) were the other frequently detected pathologies. The other pathologies detected were posterior tibial tendinosis (2%), plantar fasciopathy (2%), and talar contusion (2%). Joint effusion was significantly more prevalent in post-traumatic ankles than in the non-traumatic ankles and in the right ankles than the left ankles. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ankle abnormalities between the male and female subjects and between subjects younger than and older than the mean age.

Conclusion:

Joint effusion, deltoid ligament tear, and Achilles tendinopathy were the prevalent derangements in evaluated ankle joints. Trauma was the main indication for ankle MRI in this study.
Ultrasonographic Study of the Effects of Essential Hypertension on the Luminal Diameter and Doppler Velocimetric Indices of the Abdominal Aorta in Adults
Authors: Adetokunbo John Oluwafemi , Ibitoye Bolanle Olubunmi , Akintomide Anthony Olubunmi , Idowu Bukunmi Michael
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To investigate the effects of essential hypertension on the luminal diameter (caliber) and Doppler velocimetric indices of the abdominal aorta (AA) in adult patients with systemic hypertension.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective descriptive comparative study of 254 participants (127 with essential hypertension and 127 age/sex-matched controls). Their anthropometric parameters, fasting blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and triplex sonography of the suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aorta (Peak systolic velocity, PSV; End-diastolic velocity, EDV; Resistive Index, RI; and luminal diameter) were evaluated.

Results:

The mean age of the male subjects was 64.02 ± 10.02 years, while the mean age of the male controls was 63.14 ± 10.52 years (P > 0.05). The mean age of female subjects was 61.23 ± 10.09 years, while the mean age of the female controls was 61.76 ± 10.26 years (P > 0.05). The age group 60 – 69 years had the highest number of subjects and controls. The mean duration of hypertension in the subjects was 12.5 ± 5.2 years. The suprarenal and infrarenal abdominal aortic diameters (AAD) were higher in males than age-matched female counterparts. AAD increased with age mostly in hypertensive male subjects. PSV (in males) and RI (in both sexes) were elevated in hypertensive subjects compared to controls, while EDV (in both sexes) was significantly lower in subjects than controls. Multivariate linear regression showed that age and diastolic blood pressure were significant independent predictors for both suprarenal and infrarenal AADs.

Conclusion:

Systemic hypertension causes structural and hemodynamic changes in the abdominal aorta which are detectable on triplex sonography.
Role of Platelet Rich Fibrin in the Closure of Oronasal Fistula. a Case Report
Authors: Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Ile-Ogendengbe Bruno Oludare , Farouk Abdullah Mohammed
Published: August 2022

An oronasal fistula is an abnormal opening connecting the oral cavity and the nose. They could occur as complications of oral and maxillofacial procedures. Oronasal fistulas (ONF) are challenging to repair optimally. The repair of a recurrent ONF is more of an enigma in cases where a small defect often requires an extensive surgery to close. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) was described by Choukroun as a platelet concentrate from autologous blood which forms a single fibrin biomaterial after centrifugation. This haemostatic plug rich in growth factors is easy to prepare, manipulate; and adapt for soft and hard tissue healing. It has been utilized in the various fields of dentistry especially oral and maxillofacial surgery. Reports of role of PRF in the repair of ONF closure are scarce in literature especially in conjunction with other soft tissue flaps. This case report highlights that PRF can be used with success as an adjunct for the closure of ONF fistulas.
Comparative Study of the Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices of Healthy and Growth-Restricted Foetuses in Lagos
Authors: Adedo Abayomi Ayyuub , Arogundade Rasheed Ajani , Okunowo Adeyemi Adebola , Idowu Bukunmi Michael , Oduola-Owoo Latifat Tunrayo
Published: August 2022

Aim of the Study:

This study compared the umbilical artery Doppler indices (UADI) in normal and foetal growth-restricted (FGR) foetuses to determine the relationship between the UADI and pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This was a case-control study that recruited one hundred and eighty pregnant women comprising 90 with FGR pregnancies and 90 with normal pregnancies. Foetal biometric parameters and UADI were measured in all the participants. The UADI and clinical outcomes (preterm delivery, birth weight, perinatal death, etc.) of the normal and FGR foetuses were compared.

Results:

The mean estimated foetal weights of the FGR pregnancies (subjects) and normal pregnancies (controls) were 2.76 ± 0.66 kg and 3.62 ± 0.37 kg, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean APGAR score at 5 min was 6.93 ± 1.72 for subjects and 8.03 ± 0.94 for controls (P < 0.0001). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms were detected: decreased end-diastolic flow in 25 (27.8%), absent end-diastolic in 7 (7.8%) and reversed end-diastolic flow in 4 (4.4%) of the FGR pregnancies. There were 74 (82.2%) preterm deliveries among the subjects, while only 7 (7.8%) of the controls had preterm deliveries. Six deaths (two perinatal and four neonatal deaths) were recorded among the subjects, while no death occurred among the controls.

Conclusion:

Foetuses with FGR showed significantly higher quantitative Doppler indices (increased RI, PI, SD ratio), and a higher prevalence of abnormal umbilical artery waveform pattern (qualitative) than the healthy foetuses (controls).
Diagnostic yield of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Nishal N , Arjun P , Arjun Rajalakshmi , Ameer K. A. , Nair Sanjeev , Mohan Alladi
Published: August 2022

Background:

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for 15%–53% of all TB cases. In recent years, cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool since the diagnostic yield is higher. We conducted this study to evaluate the diagnostic yield of CBNAAT in EPTB.

Methods:

One hundred and four patients with EPTB were included in the study. Samples were subjected to CBNAAT, AFB smear, culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and histopathology examination (HPE). Yield of each was estimated as compared to a composite reference standard (CRS).

Results:

The most common EPTB was lymph node TB (48.1%). CBNAAT was positive in 30.76% of EPTB cases. The highest yield was for bone and joint TB (35.7%), followed by lymph node TB (34%) and abdominal TB (33.3%). Taking CRS as the gold standard, sensitivity of CBNAAT was 32.3%, that of AFB culture was 33.3% and that of HPE was 87.2%.

Conclusion:

When taken as a single diagnostic tool, HPE had highest sensitivity in diagnosing EPTB when compared to CBNAAT and AFB culture. Use of CBNAAT alone for diagnosis of EPTB may result in missing the diagnosis. A combined modality incorporating CBNAAT, histopathology and AFB culture is the best approach for diagnosis of EPTB.