bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la relación entre dos medidas zoométricas en gallinas ponedoras en etapa de levante
Authors: García Milián Liss
Published: September 2019

Cada una de las etapas de la vida de una gallina ponedora, es de vital importancia para obtener un excelente rendimiento en la producción de huevos y que el productor obtenga así un negocio rentable. No es la excepción la etapa de levante en la cual se observa el mayor desarrollo corporal y crecimiento de la pollita, por ende es de vital importancia evaluar la relación entre el peso (P) y longitud del metatarso (LT), el presente estudio se llevó a cabo en pollitas Lohman White y Lohman Brown de un día de edad hasta las dieciséis semanas., cada semana se asistió al galpón a realizar el pesaje y medición de metatarsos, con una báscula digital y un vernier, para posteriormente llevar el registro de cada uno de los datos, las variables dependiente (P) e independiente (LT) fueron evaluadas por medio de los procedimientos estadísticos, regresión lineal simple y coeficiente de correlación, al determinar la ecuación de correlación en las aves Lohman White, se obtuvo un resultado de 0.95 entre ambas variables y en las aves Lohman Brown, se obtuvo un resultado de 0.93, lo que indica que existe una correlación positiva, pues la LT contribuye explícitamente a explicar el incremento de P del ave. Fue posible calcular que por cada centímetro de LT se espera un incremento de P que varía entre 60 y 73 gramos aproximadamente en pollitas Lohman White y Brown respectivamente,por lo que la LT se encuentra altamente correlacionada con el incremento del P de las aves de postura en etapa de levante.
Evaluación del peso final y rendimiento en canal en Búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis) en un sistema extensivo, en la finca Iruña del municipio de Panzós, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala
Authors: Sierra Schulz Juan
Published: September 2019

En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los indicies productivos, como ganancia de peso y rendimientos de las carcasas,en un lote de veinte búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis), en la finca Iruña, ubicada en el valle del río Polochic,municipio de Panzós, Alta Verapaz. El manejo de los búfalos inició desde la época de parición, identificándolos por medio de tatuaje y aretes, los pesajes desde el nacimiento al destete y la etapa final, así como prácticas de manejo ya establecidas en esta empresa ganadera, como castración, desparasitaciones, etc. Las variables a evaluar fueron:la ganancia de peso desde el nacimiento hasta la etapa final de comercialización y rendimientos de canal, realizando un análisis estadístico de carácter descriptivo. Se determinó la ganancia de peso promedio por día, teniendo como resultado 0.65 Kg. Desde el nacimiento hasta el pesaje final y un rendimiento en canal promedio de 50.18% (caliente)y 48.87% (frío). El tiempo para el retorno del capital invertido es muy importante al momento de analizar económicamente cualquier explotación animal, por lo que se comparó el peso y la edad de los búfalos tomando en cuenta que fueron manejados bajo un sistema extensivo y se determinó en esta investigación que el promedio de edad fue de 22 meses con 7 días, con un peso promedio de 472.8 Kg. Por las características del rastro privado donde se faenaron estos búfalos, se logró determinar la merma entre la canal caliente y la canal fría, siendo esta de 1.31% aplicada a un dato normal.
Estudio serológico de anticuerpos contra patógenos comunes, en gallinas de patio de la aldea El Caoba, Reserva de la Biosfera Maya, Guatemala
Authors: Aguilar Miller Hector Jose
Published: September 2019

Se realizó un estudio serológico en busca de anticuerpos contra agentes etiológicos comunes, en gallinas de patio (Gallus gallus) de la aldea El Caoba (AEC), situada en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva de la Biosfera Maya, en Petén, Guatemala. Se tomaron aleatoriamente, muestras de sangre de 39 gallinas. Se buscaron anticuerpos contra el virus de influenza aviar tipo A (VIA), el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (VENC), el virus de la enfermedad de Gumboro (VEG), la bacteria Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) y la bacteria Salmonella pullorum (SP). El 46%de las gallinas estudiadas portaba anticuerpos contra el VIA; el 51% contra el VENC y el 95% contra el VEG. No se detectaron anticuerpos contra MG ni contra SP. Los anticuerpos contra el VENC se detectaron únicamente durante el muestreo del mes de septiembre. El 31% de las gallinas muestreadas portaba, de manera concomitante, anticuerpos contra tres patógenos (VIA, VENC y VEG) y el 15% contra dos patógenos (VENC y VEG). Se considera que la población dinámica de gallinas de patio de la AEC representa una potencial amenaza para la avicultura artesanal, la avicultura tecnificada, las aves silvestres y la población humana.
Efecto del uso de harina de semilla de Nacascolote (Caesalpinia coriaria) en el curtido de cueros de bovino, Chiquimula, Guatemala
Authors: Ramírez Suchini
Published: September 2019

El trabajo es respuesta a que en el curtido de cueros se usan químicos como el cromo, altamente contaminante al medio ambiente, por otro lado, se utilizan productos vegetales como corteza de roble y quebracho método destructivo del árbol. Determinar la dosis de harina de semilla de Nacascolote que en la curtiembre de cueros proporcione los mejores rendimientos. Para el desarrollo del experimento se utilizó 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 y 1.50 g. de harina de nacascolote/g. de cuero, con un diseño de bloques al azar y la prueba de medias LSD, las variables evaluadas fueron el peso(g) y grosor (mm). Las variables sensoriales, textura, resistencia al doblez y frote, uniformidad, adherencia al acabado,brillo, impermeabilidad y grado de curtiembre, analizadas con la prueba de Friedman, usando un panel de expertos en el curtiembre. Los resultados indicaron que el peso final evidencia que el tratamiento de 1.0 g. harina/g. de cuero,presentó diferencia significativa (P
Efecto nematicida de la infusión de ajo (Allium sativum) comparada con albendazol administrados vía oral en ovinos
Authors: Reyes Méndez Lylian
Published: September 2019

La carne de las ovejas de pelo es muy aceptada por su característico sabor, sin embargo, este ganado está muy expuesto a las parasitosis gastrointestinales limitando su producción cárnica. El uso de productos medicinales naturales es una alternativa a los tratamientos convencionales. Al Ajo se le atribuyen propiedades medicinales principalmente por sus compuestos órganos ulfurados. En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto nematicida de la infusión de ajo (Allium sativum) al 10%, determinar si existe diferencia significativa con una prueba de medias T studenty efecto residual del efecto nematicida de la infusión de ajo al 10% comparado con albendazol al 15% administrados por vía oral en ovinos. Se seleccionaron 30 hembras ovinas híbridas cruces de razas Merina, Pelibuey, Blackbelly y Katahdine comprendidas entre 1 año a 2½ años de edad, divididas en 2 grupos de 15 animales cada uno. Grupo 1:se le administró la infusión de ajo a una dosis de 5ml/100kg, por 3 días consecutivos; Grupo 2: recibió un producto comercial a base de albendazol a dosis única de 5mg/kg. Se colectaron muestras fecales al día 0 antes del tratamiento,24 horas, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días después del tratamiento, usando como métodos diagnósticos Flotación y McMaster (huevos/g heces). La infusión de ajo administrada vía oral en ovinos, fue efectiva como nematicida en el primer díapost tratamiento obteniéndose el 47% de las muestras sin carga parasitaria en relación del 40% de albendazol. El grupo tratado con la infusión de ajo fue disminuyendo su efecto nematicida a los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días a diferencia de lalbendazol que fue a los 21 días. Se determinó que no existe diferencia significativa (P ≥0.05) del efecto nematicida dela infusión de ajo comparada con el albendazol administrado por vía oral en ovinos, por lo que es una alternativa para disminuir la carga de nematodos en ovinos.
El Pejelagarto (Atractosteus tropicus) es una alternativa para la piscicultura nacional con una especie nativa y la caracterización de sus poblaciones en la costa sur
Authors: Marroquín Marroquín
Published: September 2019

La piscicultura en Guatemala se basa en el cultivo de Tilapia. En la última década el crecimiento de ésta industria ha superado el 15% anual, aunque poseemos especies acuáticas autóctonas que deben ser evaluadas. Con el fin de diversificar la piscicultura nacional se determinó el potencial acuícola del Pejelagarto. El potencial acuícola dela especie evaluó la reproducción bajo condiciones controladas en nuestro país, el uso de alimentos balanceados durante la larvicultura y su cultivo semi-intensivo bajo condiciones de estanques. Los parámetros zoométricos (peso,talla, supervivencia y edad para alcanzar talla comercial) mostraron un comportamiento productivo adecuado de la especie bajo las condiciones experimentales. Adicionalmente a las evaluaciones biológicas se realizó un estudio de mercado para establecer los nichos de consumidores potenciales en la ciudad de Guatemala. Una siguiente investigación dirigido a evaluar la diversidad genética de las cuatro poblaciones de A. tropicus identificadas en la costa del Pacífico de Guatemala fue realizada utilizando la técnica de microsatélites polimórficos. Los resultados sobre diversidad genética indicaron que los distintos grupos de animales que aún existen, no pueden ser considerados como poblaciones diferentes, ya que su variabilidad genética es limitada y los genomas de sus miembros son muy cercanos. Adicionalmente, se constató que el genoma de la especie A. tropicus es muy cercano al genoma de otros peces del mismo género.
El clima organizacional y su relación con la satisfacción laboral en los colaboradores administrativos de las municipalidades de Chiquimula, Quezaltepeque y Esquipulas
Authors: Guevara Paz Oscar Augusto
Published: September 2019

Las municipalidades de Chiquimula, Quezaltepeque y Esquipulas, ejercen funciones de gobierno y administran los intereses del municipio, en donde se detectó insatisfacción laboral por parte de los colaboradores administrativos, impactando directamente en la atención a los usuarios de las diferentes oficinas, lo que es influenciado por aspectos que integran el clima organizacional, como la infraestructura, las características estructurales, el ambiente social, características personales y el comportamiento organizacional. El estudio permitió establecer las deficiencias que posee las municipalidades en cuanto a su clima organizacional, estableciendo la relación que tiene con la satisfacción laboral, de los colaboradores administrativos de acuerdo a diferentes aspectos. Como técnicas de investigación se utilizó, la observación, entrevista y encuestas. Realizando un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de tipo correlacional, utilizando el programa SPSS (versión 15.0); con el objeto de determinar, si el “clima organizacional”, influye sobre la satisfacción laboral. Tomando como referencia que a un nivel de significancia de 0.01, se “Acepta” la hipótesis de investigación “A mejor clima organizacional, mayor satisfacción laboral en los colaboradores administrativos de las municipalidades de Chiquimula, Quezaltepeque y Esquipulas”, siendo la significancia bilateral de correlación (.000) menor al alfa aplicado (0.01); obteniendo un grado de correlación de 0.814 “positiva alta”.
Saberes comunitarios y defensa de territorios: caminos de mujer
Authors: López de la Vega Mariana
Published: September 2019

La Guatemala de tiempo presente cuenta con varios retos para la sociedad política y sociedad civil. Las violencias ejercidas, la no resolución del conflicto social y armado así como la entrada de capital trasnacional enfocada en mega-proyectos han puesto una realidad convulsa y compleja. Se presenta una propuesta de análisis centrada en la mirada de las prácticas ancestrales que mantienen el cuerpo y el territorio, es fundamental ubicar estrategias y modos que los pueblos y comunidades han mantenido durante centurias al preservar y mantener la vida. Es importante ubicar el papel de varios actores desde la cosmovisión maya, ello implica hacer ceremonias para agradecer la vida, resguardar el territorio, mantener la tradición y reconstruir las redes de cuidado. En estos trabajos las mujeres tienen una participación relevante y fundamental. Por ello se plantea que es pertinente dialogar y escuchar los testimonios de cómo ha custodiado el territorio-cuerpo en tiempo presente, para adentrarnos desde sus experiencias y propuestas políticas a las formas de lucha y planteamientos, con la intensión de salvaguardar su pensamiento “la red de la vida”. Una de las referencias en Iximulew-Guatemala, es la Red de Sanadoras Ancestrales del Feminismo Comunitario, la cual está constituida por mujeres mayas, que se autodenominan feministas comunitarias, participando en los procesos de recuperación emocional y espiritual de las mujeres indígenas que defienden territorios ancestrales frente a las problemáticas de criminalización y judicialización en sus comunidades, por ello presentaremos su historia y memoria recabada en testimonios.
Los Rebeldes del pasado volverán: memoria y resistencia Guaymí
Authors: Solano Acuña Ana Sofía
Published: September 2019

Para Panamá el final del período colombiano representó el inicio del proceso de constitución de un nuevo mapa sociopolítico, sembrando las bases para la naciente nación que arrastrará un esquema de relaciones polarizadas basadas en color de piel, lengua y pertenencia étnica. El sistema de explotación del indio vigente entre 1880-1903 se basó en las relaciones de clase, particularizadas por las relaciones interétnicas de dominación heredadas de la conquista y la colonia. El estudio del periodo de 1880-1903 deja como principal conclusión que tanto el pueblo guaimí definales del siglo XIX como sus descendientes actuales son sociedades notablemente dinámicas, capaces de generar sus propios cambios y alianzas en razón de sus intereses colectivos. En este marco surgen las siguientes interrogantes ¿qué relevancia tiene la participación guaymí en la guerra de los mil días y el proceso de independencia de Panamá desde el movimiento indígena contemporáneo?, ¿en qué contextos surgen estos relatos?, ¿cómo se caracteriza la relación entre mito, historia y utopía?
Caracterización clínica de diagnósticos de pacientes pediátricos con dengue
Authors: Salguero González Luisana Valeria
Published: September 2019

El dengue es una enfermedad viral, que se transmite por mosquitos hembras principalmente de la especie Aedes aegypti. Puede presentarse de manera asintomática o con un espectro clínico amplio que incluye la clasificación de: dengue sin signos de alarma, dengue con signos de alarma y dengue grave. La detección oportuna y el acceso a la asistencia médica adecuada disminuyen las tasas de mortalidad por debajo del 1%. En 2015, se notificaron 2.35 millones de casos tan solo en la Región de las Américas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 205 pacientes sobre la caracterización clínica y de métodos diagnósticos de pacientes pediátricos con dengue y dengue grave, ingresados en el Hospital Regional de Zacapa en los años 2013 a 2017. De 205 pacientes pediátricos ingresados con diagnóstico de dengue, 46% corresponde a dengue con signos de alarma, 30% sin signos de alarma y 24% a dengue grave. El signo más frecuente en pacientes con dengue con signos y sin signos de alarma fue fiebre 100%, y vómitos con 24%, el síntoma predominante fue el dolor abdominal con 48% en pacientes con dengue grave y con signos y sin signos de alarma, el hallazgo ultrasonográfico más frecuente en dengue con signos y sin signos de alarma fue el engrosamiento de la pared de la vesícula biliar 87% y en dengue grave fue hepatomegalia con 31%, el 100% presentó recuento bajo de plaquetas.
Disbiosis
Authors: Castillo Villela Katherine Marisol
Published: September 2019

La enfermedad celiaca y el síndrome de colon irritable dan como consecuencia la disbiosis. El síndrome de sobre crecimiento bacteriano del intestino delgado. Con este extraño nombre se define un importante desequilibrio de la flora intestinal, que puede estar provocado por causas diversas. El efecto de ciertos medicamentos, el estrés, así como el exceso de proteínas y azúcares simples en la dieta, hábitos muy frecuentes en la población occidental, pueden ser algunos de los factores causantes. La enfermedad celiaca, se refiere al trastorno del tracto digestivo, enfermedad inmunológica y hereditaria, afecta todo el organismo, es una enfermedad sistémica, la cual la padecen diversidad de pacientes con diferentes síntomas, no tiene síntomas clásicos. Es una enfermedad que primordialmente afecta el intestino delgado, destruyendo la mucosa y la capacidad de absorción, la relación con el gluten que es la molécula importante de cereales, trigo centeno, cebada y avena contaminada, destruyen la mucosa del intestino delgado que es la aduana para ingresar al cuerpo humano de los nutrientes. El tratamiento sería basado en una dieta libre de gluten, el paciente debe ser sometido a exámenes antes de empezar la dieta libre de gluten de lo contrario todos los laboratorios saldrán alterados. El síndrome de intestino irritable, es un trastorno gastrointestinal difuso que se caracteriza principalmente por desórdenes de la motilidad. El paciente presenta molestias pero no un diagnóstico definitivo. Este disturbio funcional del tracto digestivo presenta distención gástrica, distención del intestino delgado y eructos. Ambas constituyen a la disbiosis, toda secreción del tracto digestivo genera el sobrecimiento.
Consequences of Cervical Cancer Treatment on Sexual Health in Chinese Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ye Sha , Yang Xiangcheng , He Guoping , Maciek Peter , Zhou Wenjuan
Published: September 2019

Background: The attitudes and perceptions of cervical cancer survivors (CCS) toward sexual activity after a diagnosis of cervical cancer and its treatment are unknown. This study describes the experience of CCS in Hunan Chinese about sexuality and sexual function after cervical cancer treatment.

Methods: We used descriptive phenomenology to qualitatively assess these experiences. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 20 CCS. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed according to Colaizzi’s method to explore the essence of the experience in sexuality among CCS after cancer treatment.

Results: Uncertainty, fear, and worry dominated the attitudes and behaviors of CCS-related to sexual activity after treatment. Four themes explain these complex emotional responses: 1) needing information; 2) dealing with sexual changes physically and emotionally; 3) communicating with a partner; 4) attribution of fault to her one-lifetime sexual partner.

Conclusion: Sexual life was influenced by the physical changes associated with cervical cancer treatment. These changes in combination with inadequate information and limited communication led to uncertainty, fear and worry about engaging in sexual activity and relationship distress. Chinese CCS need targeted and patient-centered information on the change in sexual life caused by treatment, anticipatory guidance, and support in communication with providers and partners, and strategies to cope with the physical and psychosexual sequelae of treatment, all of which must be congruent with their cultural norms.
Altered Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Mechanism and Implications for Clinical Intervention
Authors: Li Kuokuo , Hu Zhengmao , Ou Jianjun , Xia Kun
Published: September 2019

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with an increased prevalence around the world over the past two decades. Remarkably, a large number of individuals with ASD have gastrointestinal disorders. Recent studies demonstrate that the endogenous gut microbiota has a close relationship with ASD according to the analyses of human host intestinal microbial composition and animal model studies. Here, we review the reports of microbial dysbiosis in ASD and then discuss the recent evidence of biological interactions among microbiota, metabolism, immunity, neurodevelopment, and behaviors. We also describe the role of the gut microbiome in the link between ASD and environmental risk factors. Finally, we suggest adjuvant treatments to consider in attempts to correct autistic behaviors.
Reporting Standards for Clinical and Translational Research
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Hughes Claude
Published: September 2019

Transparency in reporting the results of clinical and preclinical research is critical for unbiased publications. Funding agencies, publishers, and regulators have the responsibility to advocate and implement reporting standards for rigorous design. While individual study protocols may have included these standards, the items reported in the respective publications have often been inconsistent or lack transparency. This editorial intends to provide some specific guidelines for reporting results of clinical research with standards required for rigorous study design. We recommend that reporting clinical research should include sufficient information on study design and analysis plan that contains data processing, quality assurance, and appropriate methods used for rigorous statistical analysis or modeling. Any discrepancy between publications and original study design should be disclosed and discussed. Additionally, recent advances in the analysis of outcome with repeated measurements and statistical modeling should be employed to obtain unbiased estimates. Finally, we briefly discuss some issues reporting real-world evidence in clinical research.
Acupuncture might Increase Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Ultralow Rectal Cancer: A Case Report and Review of Related Literature
Authors: Jiang Xin , Wang Li-na , Zhang Qiao-li , Tian Ye-hong , Yang Ming , Wan Yu-Xiang , Qi Xue-wei , Liao Yi , Huang Jin-Chang
Published: September 2019

Background: We report a case of a patient with ultra-low rectal cancer who had a successful anus-preserving operation with fire needling to increase the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and an overview of the related literature.

Case presentation: A 38-year-old male with a diagnosis of rectal cancer (cT4N0-2M0 Stage III), the lower edge of the tumor was 2 cm away from the anal margin. He had a strong desire for anal preservation and received six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy by FOLFOX6 regimen at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The tumor shrinkage was not significant, and then fire-needling acupuncture was added to the original plan at baliao acupoints during the period of chemotherapy. After another six cycles of acupuncture, the tumor disappeared in the imaging examination. He underwent general anesthesia for laparoscopic rectal cancer (ISR) radical surgery.

Results: The specimen showed no tumor, and no metastatic carcinoma was found in the peri-intestinal lymph nodes.

Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with chemotherapy may increase the anti-tumor effect, which could be of great significance for ultra-low rectal cancer patients if evidence can be replicated in an additional study. Further case series research is needed.
Retirement and Management of Diabetes in Medically Under-served Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Findings and Literature Review
Authors: Obasanjo Iyabo , Mann William
Published: September 2019

Background: Studies have found that diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes increases the risk of early retirement in the high-income countries. In this study, we examined the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by employment status to determine if early retirement confers a benefit to managing diabetes.
Methods: The data was from a primary care center serving the uninsured and medically underserved in the greater Williamsburg area in the State of Virginia. Plasma concentration of HbA1c (%) from the last visit was used to measure the average level of blood glucose and as an assessment test for glycemic control in people with diabetes. Data analyses were carried out using general linear regression with HbA1c as the dependent variable and employment status, gender and age as the independent variables; and the interaction of gender and employment status and interaction of age and employment status were assessed to control for potential confounding factors.
Results: The results showed that males tended to have a higher level of HbA1c; overall age was negatively associated with the levels of HbA1c; there was a significant difference in the mean levels of HbA1c between the retired people and people working part-time (p=0.032). After controlling for age and gender in the multiple linear regression analysis, employment status became non-significantly associated with HbA1c levels. Post hoc analysis showed a difference in HbA1c between individuals working part-time (the highest HbA1c group) and the full-time employed at a marginal significance (p=0.0823). While almost 20 years older, the retired people had the lowest level of HbA1c. However, the mean level of HbA1c was no longer significantly different from that in other groups, probably because age explained much of this variation in the levels of HbA1c among employment status. Multiple regression analysis showed that age was negatively associated with the levels of HbA1c (The retired people mainly derived Beta=-0.046, p<0.0001).

Conclusion: In this underserved population, the HbA1c level is the lowest in people after retirement, even though they are older. Our study indicates that retirement may be a beneficial factor for the management of diabetes, which warrants further investigation.
CONCEPT OF THE AUTONOMOUS HYDROGEN FUELLING STATION BASED ON PHOTOVOLTAIC AND METAL-HYDRIDE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL ELECRIC VEHICLE. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES
USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS
Authors: Po Wu , Tymoshevskyy Boris , Halynkin Yuriy , Proskurin Andriy
Published: September 2019

At present time internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most spread as main and auxiliary ICE for vehicles, vessels, power generation, etc. Their application is associated with low energy efficiency, negative impact on the environment due to high emissions of harmful substances and the use of oil fuels. The vehicles with electric motors are alternative upon to existing ones.
The Delay Times of Type Ia Supernova
Authors: Heringer E. , Pritchet C. , Kerkwijk M. H. van
Published: September 2019

The delay time distribution of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia; the time-dependent rate of SNe resulting from a burst of star formation) has been measured using different techniques and in different environments. Here we study in detail the distribution for field galaxies, using the SDSS DR7 Stripe 82 SN sample. We improve a technique we introduced earlier, which is based on galaxy color and luminosity and is insensitive to details of the star formation history, to include the normalization. Assuming a power-law dependence of the SN rate with time, DTD(t) = A(t/1 Gyr)
s
, we find a power-law index

and a normalization

, corresponding to a number of SNe Ia integrated over a Hubble time of

. We also implement a method used by Maoz and collaborators, which is based on star formation history reconstruction, and find that this gives a consistent result for the slope but a lower, marginally inconsistent normalization. With our normalization, the distribution for field galaxies is made consistent with that derived for cluster galaxies. Comparing the inferred distribution with predictions from different evolutionary scenarios for SNe Ia, we find that our results are intermediate between the various predictions and do not yet constrain the evolutionary path leading to SNe Ia.
Awareness, knowledge, and practice for hepatitis B infection in Southeast Asia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Soe Kyi Pyar , Pan-ngum Wirichada , Nontprasert Apichart , Kittitrakul Chatporn , Oam Navuddh , Thong Vo Duy , Tangkijvanich Pisit , Leowattana Wattana , Poovorawan Kittiyod
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Southeast Asia is high. Awareness and early detection are essential for timely prevention and treatment.

Methodology: We examined the awareness of, knowledge about, practices and views on treatment for HBV infection in Southeast Asia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 among individuals from six nations in Southeast Asia—Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Singapore. The study population comprised healthcare and non-healthcare personnel.

Results: In total, 799 healthcare personnel and 1079 non-healthcare personnel completed an online survey. The prevalence of the awareness of their own HBV infection status and risk of this regionally endemic infection was 85.6% (684/799) among healthcare personnel and 54.0% (583/1079) among non-healthcare personnel. Similarly, 85.9% of healthcare personnel and 45.5% of non-healthcare personnel had good knowledge about disease transmission, complications, and the need for treatment, and 76.6% of healthcare personnel and 39.8% of non-healthcare personnel followed good HBV infection-prevention practices. Overall, 90.6% found the idea of treatment acceptable. Awareness had a significant impact on both knowledge and practice scores among both healthcare personnel and non-healthcare personnel (p < 0.01) but without statistically significant differences in treatment acceptance between the two groups (p = 0.61).

Conclusions: Awareness of HBV infection was relatively low among non-healthcare personnel in Southeast Asian populations. The provision of additional hepatitis B awareness campaigns is crucial to eliminating viral hepatitis in the region.
Predominance of Central Asian strain (ST 26) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Balochistan by spoligotyping
Authors: Shafee Muhammad , Abbas Ferhat , Tanveer Zunera , Whitelaw Andrew , Tow Lemese Ah , Ashraf Muhammad , Ahmad Irshad , Patching Simon G , Jabbar Abdul , Akbar Ali , Mustafa Mohammad Zahid
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic debilitating infectious disease causing a severe challenge to public health, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in the Balochistan region of Pakistan.

Methodology: One hundred isolates collected from patients visiting the Fatima Jinnah TB Hospital in Quetta were subjected to genotype analysis by spoligotyping.

Results: Three main genotypes were identified: Central Asian Strain 1 (CAS1) (n = 89), East African Indian (EAI) strain (n = 7) and Latin American Mediterranean (LAM) strain (n = 3). The CAS1 clade (ST 26) had high genetic diversity represented by seven different spoligopatterns, of which one had major predominace (n = 75).

Conclusions: This is the first insight into the genotype of M. tuberculosis strains in the Balochistan region that might serve as a base line study for control of tuberculosis in the community.
Physicians’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards Zika virus infection in Jordan
Authors: Abu-rish Eman Y , Elayeh Eman R , Browning Michael J
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Zika virus (ZIKAV) disease is a public health problem of international concern. Recent evidence has documented imported ZIKAV cases into the Middle East and the existence of ZIKAV-transmitting mosquitoes in Jordan. However, limited data exist on the role of physicians in public awareness in this regard. This study aimed to assess ZIKAV knowledge, attitudes and counseling practices (KAP) of general physicians and gynecologists in Amman, Jordan.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, a structured paper-based questionnaire was completed by 119 participants during 2016-2017.

Results: Only 4.2% of the physicians correctly addressed ZIKAV-complication questions. A misconception of considering direct contact between individuals and breastfeeding as modes of ZIKAV transmission was observed. Only one participant correctly recognized that isolation of infected or exposed persons is not recommended. Having at least five years of experience in medical practice was the only factor that was significantly associated with a high knowledge score (P-value=0.011). Although prevention measures are the sole method to control ZIKAV spread, only 50% of participants believed in the efficacy of such measures. Despite a quarter of participants perceiving ZIKAV as a threat to their patients, none of them have counseled a patient in this regard before. The presence of an evidence of ZIKAV in Jordan and health authorities' recommendations were the most important predictors for adoption of counseling practice.

Conclusions: General physicians and gynecologists in Jordan had several gaps in knowledge of key aspects of ZIKAV disease, and there is a need for specific training programs of physicians and gynecologists.
Bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Bulgaria
Authors: Stoykova Bilyana
Published: September 2019

Bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) are important pollinators . Thirty-five bumblebee species belonging to 11 subgenera occur in Bulgaria according to 42 scientific papers.

In the current study the reported species names were updated according to the current taxonomy of the group (Williams 2019) The data about their localities in Bulgaria were systematized by geographical regions in order to summarize and facilitate the use of this information for future research. Most of the records of bumblebee species refer to the mountains Rhodopes, Rila, Western and Central Stara Planina, Vitosha and Slavyanka.

Additionally, 22 species were identified based on 553 specimens (103 queens, 180 males and 270 workers) from the Zoological collection of Sofia University (BFUS). The richest in species were the subgenera Thoracobombus Dalla Torre, Psithyrus Lepeletier and Pyrobombus Dalla Torre. New distribution records were shown for the Western and Eastern Stara Planina Mts, Sofia plain, Lozen Mt., Northern and Southern Black Sea coast. However, geographical regions such as Plana Mt., Ruy Mt., Verila Mt., Kraishte, Vlachina Mt., Ograzhden Mt., the Sub-Balkan Basins and the Mesta River valley have not been studied and are without any available data on bumblebees.
Drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys for inland fishes of Texas
Authors: Craig Cody Andrew , Bonner Timothy Hallman
Published: September 2019

Species checklists and dichotomous keys are valuable tools that provide many services for ecological studies and management through tracking native and non-native species through time. We developed nine drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys for 196 inland fishes of Texas, consisting of 171 native fishes and 25 non-native fishes. Our checklists were updated from previous checklists and revised using reports of new established native and non-native fishes in Texas, reports of new fish occurrences among drainages, and changes in species taxonomic nomenclature. We provided the first dichotomous keys for major drainage basins in Texas. Among the 171 native inland fishes, 6 species are considered extinct or extirpated, 13 species are listed as threatened or endangered by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and 59 species are listed as Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) by the state of Texas. Red River drainage basin was the most speciose with 120 fishes. Rio Grande & Pecos drainage basin had the greatest number of threatened or endangered fishes (N = 7) and the greatest number of SGCN fishes (N = 28). We revised drainage basin occurrences for 77 species. Drainage basin checklists and dichotomous keys provide finer resolution of species distributions within the geopolitical boundaries of Texas and can reduce probability of errors in fish identification errors by removing species not occurring within a natural boundary.
Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae)
Authors: Chuang Angela , Gates Michael W. , Grinsted Lena , Askew Richard , Leppanen Christy
Published: September 2019

We report the discovery of two wasp species emerging from egg sacs of the spider Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål 1775) collected from mainland Spain and the Canary Islands. We identify one as Philolema palanichamyi (Narendran 1984) (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) and the other as a member of the Pediobius pyrgo (Walker 1839) species group (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). This is the first report of Philolema in Europe, and the first documentation of hymenopteran egg predators of C. citricola. The latter finding is particularly relevant, given the multiple invasive populations of C. citricola in the Americas and the Caribbean, where neither egg sac predation nor parasitism is known to occur. We describe rates of emergence by Ph. palanichamyi from spider egg sacs collected from the southern coast of Spain and estimate sex ratios and body size variation among males and females. We also re-describe Ph. palanichamyi based on the female holotype and male paratype specimens.
A conjecture on cluster automorphisms of cluster algebras
Authors: Cao Peigen , Li Fang , Liu Siyang , Pan Jie
Published: September 2019

A cluster automorphism is a \begin{document}$ \mathbb{Z} $\end{document}-algebra automorphism of a cluster algebra \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} satisfying that it sends a cluster to another and commutes with mutations. Chang and Schiffler conjectured that a cluster automorphism of \begin{document}$ \mathcal A $\end{document} is just a \begin{document}$ \mathbb{Z} $\end{document}-algebra homomorphism of a cluster algebra sending a cluster to another. The aim of this article is to prove this conjecture.
Audit committee compensation, best practices and audit fees
Authors: Park Bum-Jin
Published: September 2019

Background: It is extremely important that an audit committee (AC) monitors a company’s financial reporting process, and that the committee engages a high-quality auditor to carry this out effectively. Prior research on ACs has paid much attention to the relationship between AC best practices and audit fees (AF). Although compensation is a means of aligning interests between ACs and stakeholders, previous studies have neglected the complementary interaction between AC compensation and compliance with best practices on audit quality.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate how compensation for ACs affects AF, and how the association is moderated by compliance with best practices to capture effective monitoring.Method: The regression models are estimated to verify how the relationship between AC compensation and AF is moderated by AC compliance with best practice. Moreover, the logistic regression models are used to investigate how the relationship between AC compensation and the opportunistic achievement of earnings goals is moderated by AC compliance with best practice.Results: The findings show a positive association between the levels of compensation AC members receive and AF, which is reinforced in firms that have ACs that comply with all best practices.Conclusion: The results suggest that highly paid ACs engage high-quality auditors to complement their function of monitoring management and AC compensation and compliance with best practices are complementary to enhance audit quality. This study thus provides the interesting insights that can be applicable to countries with requirements relating to the compensation schemes for ACs or the formation of the AC.
What mathematics knowledge for teaching is used by a Grade 2 teacher when teaching counting
Authors: Chikiwa Samukeliso , Westaway Lise , Graven Mellony
Published: September 2019

Background: The study on which this article is based investigated the Mathematics Knowledge for Teaching (MKfT) that a well experienced Grade 2 teacher utilized when teaching counting.Aim: In this paper we share excerpts from one of the lessons of this Grade 2 teacher, which we analyzed to illuminate the various domains of MKfT and their interconnectedness in the teaching of counting.Setting: The research was conducted in a former Model C school in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Method: Using a case study methodology, 15 Grade 2 mathematics lessons were observed, video recorded and transcribed. Two formal interviews based on two selected video-recorded lessons were conducted to understand this teacher’s practice. The data were analysed using Deborah Ball and colleagues’ MKfT framework.Results: The study found that Foundation Phase mathematics teaching requires the knowledge and tactful employment of all six knowledge domains as described in the work of Ball and colleagues. The Knowledge of Content and Teaching (KCT) domain, was found to be essential in teaching counting in Grade 2. The other five domains supported and informed the KCT domain.Conclusion: We suggest from the insights gained here that research examining the MKfT that competent teachers draw on in teaching Foundation Phase mathematics could assist in developing curricula for in-service and pre-service teacher education programs.
Точный бэровский класс топологической энтропии
неавтономных динамических систем
Authors: Ветохин Александр Николаевич , Vetokhin Alexandr N
Published: September 2019

Рассматривается параметрическое семейство неавтономных динамических
систем, непрерывно зависящих от параметра из некоторого метрического
пространства. Для любого такого семейства топологическая энтропия
входящих в него динамических систем изучается как функция параметра
с точки зрения бэровской классификации функций.
Библиография: 8 названий.
Пространства полиномов,
связанные с отображениями мультипликаторов
Authors: Жаонинг Янг , Zhaoning Yang
Published: September 2019

Пусть $f(x)$ - комплексный полином степени $n$. Полиному $f$
поставим в соответствие $\mathbb{C}$-векторное пространство $W(f)$,
состоящее из комплексных полиномов $p(x)$ степени
не выше $n-2$ таких, что $f(x)$ делит $f"(x)p(x)-f'(x) p'(x)$.
Пространство $W(f)$ впервые появляется в работе Ю. Г. Зархина,
где решается динамическая задача для одной комплексной переменной,
которая была поставлена Ю. С. Ильяшенко. В данной работе показано,
что $W(f)$ не убывает тогда и только тогда, когда $q(x)^2$
делит $f(x)$ для некоторого квадратного полинома $q(x)$.
Тогда доказывается, что $W(f)$ имеет размерность
$(n-1)-(n_1+n_2+2N_3)$ при выполнении некоторых условий,
где $n_i$ - число различных корней полинома $f$ кратности $i$
и $N_3$ - число различных корней полинома $f$
кратности не ниже трех.
Библиография: 7 названий.
Разрушение решений
полулинейных неавтономных волновых уравнений
с граничными условиями Робина
Authors: Калантарова Джамиля , Kalantarova Jamila
Published: September 2019

Изучается разрушение решений начально-краевой задачи
для неавтономного полулинейного волнового уравнения
с затухающим и растущим членами и с граничными условиями
Робина. Получены достаточные условия для разрушения за
конечное время решений полулинейных затухающих волновых
уравнений со сколь угодно большой начальной энергией.
Также получен результат относительно разрушения решений
с отрицательной начальной энергией полулинейного волнового
уравнения второго порядка с растущим членом.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Design and Analysis of State Transport Utility Vehicle-Bus
Authors: Radhakrishna Deulgaonkar Vikas , Shitole Varun A. , Panage Rohan M.
Published: September 2019

Passenger transport is an inseparable ingredient of public transport system for developing and developed nations. In present work design and analysis of state transport utility vehicle ~ bus is carried out. Present paper focuses on the design enhancements in structural features of sub and superstructure without any alterations on the chassis provided by OEMs. Limiting dimensions of bus as prescribed by automotive industry standard and central motor vehicle rules are the design constraints accounted in the present work. This work was commenced with the thorough study of sub and superstructure configurations, seat locations, passenger load patterns, locations of doors, windows and emergency exits and other relevant bus attributes. Hand calculations for evaluation gross section modulus of chassis and cross member combination are presented. Usage of shear force and bending moment diagrams to evaluate the stress and deflection for the proposed load patterns is made before proceeding for finite element analysis. Finite element modelling and analysis of the sub and super structure combination is carried using shell elements with the presumption that chassis of the bus is rigid. Roll-over analysis of bus for the present configuration is presented.
Experimental Analysis of Low Heat Rejection Engine Powered by Blends of Waste Plastic Oil and Diesel
Authors: Rathinam V. , Ramkumar S. , Parthasarathy M.
Published: September 2019

The energy consumption throughout the world has been increasing every day. The fossil fuels are the main energy source for automobiles. The increase in the usage rate of fossil fuel proves to be a major source of greenhouse gases and air pollution. On the other hand, in the form of waste plastic, a good source of energy is dumped without any usage. Since plastic materials are non-degradable, this leads to a considerable problem in solid waste management. Waste plastic oil can be obtained through pyrolysis process of waste plastic. The physical and thermal properties of the waste plastic oil (WPO) are near to the diesel fuel. The waste plastic oil can be directly used as a fuel for unmodified CI engine. This reduces plastic waste, and it acts as a viable source of energy. In this experiment, different blends such as WPO20, WPO40, WPO60, WPO80 and neat waste plastic oil are used as a fuel in the CI engine. The performance and emission results have shown that WPO20 produces better results than the other blends of waste plastic oil. So, this blend is used for further research. Many researchers have analysed the engine characteristics using WPO as a sole fuel in CI engine, but no research has been done so far with WPO as a fuel in LHR engine. LHR engines have various advantages such that they may increase the adiabatic flame temperature, reduce the heat loss, which in turn increases the brake thermal efficiency, and reduce HC and CO emissions. The LHR engine is tested with WPO20 as a fuel, and its performance and emission values are compared with a conventional diesel fuel engine. The engine vibration is found to be reduced while using LHR engine rather than the conventional diesel fuel engine. The experiment results from LHR engine show improved BTE and reduced emissions, such as CO and UBHC, while there is a slight increase in NOx.