bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of fruit consumption and savoury snacking predict psychological health; selective mediation via cognitive failures
Authors: Tuck Nicola-Jayne , Farrow Claire V. , Thomas Jason Michael
Published: May 2022

While there is growing interest in the link between diet and psychological health, there is a surprising lack of studies investigating the precise associations between nutrient-rich foods (such as fruit and vegetables) v. nutrient-poor foods (such as energy-dense savoury and sweet snacks), and psychological health. Similarly, the psychological processes underpinning the relationship between dietary intake and psychological health remain unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between dietary consumption and psychological health, with cognitive processes as a theoretical mediator. This cross-sectional online study included 428 healthy adults (53 % female; mean age = 39·7 years, sd = 13·0), with participants completing a range of validated questionnaires measuring dietary habits and psychological health. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that more frequent consumption of fruit was associated with reduced symptoms of depression (β = –0·109, P = 0·025) and greater positive psychological wellbeing (β = 0·187, P < 0·001). Conversely, more frequent savoury snacking was associated with increased anxiety (β = 0·127, P = 0·005). Further, mediation analyses revealed that more frequent consumption of savoury snacks was associated with increased symptoms of depression, stress, anxiety and reduced psychological wellbeing, via an increase in cognitive failures (ps < 0·001). These results provide new insights on the independent associations between certain types of food and psychological health, and the psychological mechanisms that may mediate these. Further work is now required to establish causality and determine whether these may represent modifiable dietary targets that can directly (and indirectly) influence our psychological health.
Narrowing maize yield gaps in the rainfed plateau region of Odisha
Authors: Peramaiyan Panneerselvam , McDonald Andrew J. , Kumar Virender , Craufurd Peter , Wasim Iftikar , Parida Nabakishore , Pattnaik Sanghamitra , Singh Balwinder , Yadav Ashok , Ajay Anurag , Singh Sudhanshu , Malik Ram K.
Published: May 2022

Maize is the primary staple crop cultivated during the monsoon season in eastern India. However, yield gaps are large because of multiple factors, including low adoption rates of good agronomic management practices. This study aimed to narrow the maize yield gap using diverse agronomic and varietal interventions through field experiments over 2 years (2013–2014) in the rainfed plateau region of Odisha. As a result, maize yield increased by 0.9, 0.74, and 0.17 Mg ha−1under optimum plant population, fertilizer management, and herbicide-based weed management, respectively, over farmers’ current practices (Check). Moreover, when all three interventions were combined (‘best’ management practice), grain yields increased by 1.7 Mg ha−1in conservation tillage and 2.2 Mg ha−1in conventional tillage. We also observed that the combination of long-duration hybrids and best management practices (BMPs) increased grain yield by 4.0 Mg ha−1and profitability by $888 ha−1over farmers’ current practices. In addition, Nutrient Expert decision support tool-based fertilizer management along with BMPs increased grain yield by 1.7 Mg ha−1and profitability by $314 ha−1over farmers’ fertilizer practices (Check). These results suggest that the combination of maize hybrids and BMPs can improve the productivity and profitability of rainfed maize in the plateau region of Odisha. However, these entry points for intensification need to be placed in the context of varying investment requirements, input and output market conditions, and matched with farmer preferences and risk.
Francisco de Vitoria and the (geo)politics of canonization in Spain/America
Authors: Scarfi Juan Pablo
Published: May 2022

While the founder of international law was long considered to be Hugo Grotius, attempts were made in the late 1920s and early 1930s to dethrone him in favour of the Spanish theologian Francisco de Vitoria. This took place as the professionalization of the field of international law was reaching its golden age both in Europe and the Americas. Leading this case were the prominent US jurist James Brown Scott, one of the founders of the American Society of International Law, and the Spanish jurist Camilo Barcia Trelles. But why did they decide to revive Vitoria then, and why would they couch him specifically as the founder of international law? This article focuses on the intellectual history of the canonization of Vitoria in the context of the formation and consolidation of a continental Pan-American ideal and network of American international law in the Americas. Particular attention is paid to the American Institute of International Law, presided by Scott, and the formation of a Spanish Americanist cultural tradition in Spain. The latter deeply influenced Barcia, who developed a profound interest in Latin American questions, notably around the Monroe Doctrine. The article argues that these geopolitical Pan-American and Spanish-Americanist anxieties of re-unifying the Americas and Spain/America strongly influenced the depiction of Vitoria as a new founding father of international law and allowed Scott and Barcia to elevate themselves as Vitoria’s heirs.
Cottages for farm labouring families: plans, exhortations and realities (1825–50)
Authors: Agnew John
Published: May 2022

Loudon’s 1825 Encyclopedia of Agriculture set out why and how ‘comfortable’ family cottages should be built for the farm labouring workforce. Over the next quarter-century, published ‘prize essays’ on cottage-design appeared alongside articles advocating ‘high farming’. Low labourer wages and insecure farm tenancies handicapped investment in both, though a parliamentary inquiry showed improvement projects could enhance labourer employment. The 1834 ‘new’ Poor Law – an ‘administrative’ law – restricted ‘poor relief’, but left many ‘settlement’ issues to continue as perceived obstacles to building cottages (the occupants might become a burden on the poor rates). This paper illustrates ideal contemporary cottage designs – relative to contrasting exposures of poor people’s home lives. Landowners, patchily, promoted some cottage-building, but labouring families mostly remained poorly housed. Along with recent scholarship on families’ work, income, possessions (often very few) and survival strategies, this work augments ideas of real housing conditions in rural areas.
Order and Disorder in the Court:Press Law, Politics, and the Sedition Trials of Chile's Early Republic, 1813–1851
Authors: Wood James A.
Published: May 2022

This article explores the phenomenon of the sedition trial in the early history of the Spanish American republics, focusing on sedition trials that occurred in Santiago de Chile from the late 1820s to the early 1850s. Sedition trials were governed by laws enacted in the wake of Chile's political independence to protect and regulate the freedom of the press. Because of the way press laws were written, sedition trials were conducted in front of juries composed of active citizens. As such, they constituted a dramatic break with the judicial tradition of Spanish colonial rule. The article argues that sedition trials were instrumental in the dynamics of political conflict, but only when the national government allowed them to operate without interference, which was not always the case. When sedition trials had integrity, as they did for a period in the 1840s, they became a public space in which citizen-journalists and publishers participated in establishing the boundaries of political speech. However, as one might expect, government officials also used the charge of sedition to silence their opponents. Sedition trials can thus be seen as a form of political warfare that has not been fully appreciated by scholars.
ErbB Signaling Pathway Genes Are Differentially Expressed in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Stahl Tyler J. , Palli Rohith , Gill Jessica M. , Saionz Elizabeth L. , Bogner-Flatz Viktoria , Cheetham-West Arokoruba , Merchant-Borna Kian , Pham Dzung L. , Strike Lachlan , Wright Margaret J. , Thompson Paul , Bazarian Jeffrey J.
Published: May 2022

Transcriptional changes involved in neuronal recovery after sports-related concussion (SRC) may be obscured by inter-individual variation in mRNA expression and nonspecific changes related to physical exertion. Using a co-twin study, the objective of this study was to identify important differences in mRNA expression among a single pair of monozygotic (MZ) twins discordant for concussion. A pair of MZ twins were enrolled as part of a larger study of concussion biomarkers among collegiate athletes. During the study, Twin A sustained SRC, allowing comparison of mRNA expression to the nonconcussed Twin B. Twin A clinically recovered by Day 7. mRNA expression was measured pre-injury and at 6 h and 7 days postinjury using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 microarray. Changes in mRNA expression from pre-injury to each postinjury time point were compared between the twins; differences >1.5-fold were considered important. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes identified biologic networks associated with important transcripts. Among 38,000 analyzed genes, important changes were identified in 153 genes. The ErbB (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway was identified as the top transcriptional network from pre-injury to 7 days postinjury. Genes in this pathway with important transcriptional changes included epidermal growth factor (2.41), epiregulin (1.73), neuregulin 1 (1.54) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (1.51). In conclusion, the ErbB signaling pathway was identified as a potential regulator of clinical recovery in a MZ twin pair discordant for SRC. A co-twin study design may be a useful method for identifying important gene pathways associated with concussion recovery.
The Pan‐Arctic Continental Slope as an Intensifying Conveyer Belt for Nutrients in the Central Arctic Ocean (1985–2015)
Authors: Oziel L. , Schourup‐Kristensen V. , Wekerle C. , Hauck J.
Published: May 2022

Primary production in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) is limited by light and bioavailable nutrients. With the decline of the sea‐ice cover in recent decades, and the resulting increase in light availability, nitrate limitation has been speculated to become more prominent. We used an eddy‐permitting biogeochemical model simulation to estimate nitrate advective fluxes at different spatio‐temporal scales (synoptic, mesoscale and sub‐mesoscale) over the 1985–2015 period. We found that the pan‐Arctic continental slope contributes disproportionately to the Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen supply and that this supply is intensifying through two main processes: lateral eddy transport and upwelling. Despite this increasing supply in nitrate and an intensification of ocean dynamics, the nutrient supply is decreasing everywhere else in the central basins and the simulation indicates that the CAO is still shifting from light to nutrient limitation.
Turbulence Structure and Burst Events Observed in a Tidally Induced Bottom Boundary Layer
Authors: Li Renzhi , Voulgaris George , Wang Ya Ping
Published: May 2022

In estuarine environments tidal variation affects turbulence and associated sediment transport processes near the bed. In situ turbulence and sediment data from the benthic boundary layer of the subaqueous Yangtze delta were collected over several tidal cycles and are used to gain new insights into turbulence structure and sediment mobility in the benthic boundary layer. Our analysis reveals that turbulent kinetic energy production was balanced by dissipation during flood, while during ebb an imbalance was found (dissipation > production) attributed to turbulence advection. Quadrant analysis showed a tidal variability of the four quadrants with ejections (E) and sweeps (S) being the dominant and equal contributors to Reynolds stress and sediment resuspension. Increased dissipation due to turbulent kinetic energy advection during ebb coincides with an increase in the timeshare of inward‐ and outward‐interaction events, resulting in a higher Reynolds stress contribution from ejections and sweeps. The contribution of outward (O) and inward (I) ‐interactions to sediment resuspension was found to be negligible. Turbulence intermittency is characterized using the frequency, duration, strength, and intensity of the quadrant events. The frequency and duration of outward (O) and inward (I) ‐interactions controlled bursts were 1/3∼1/2 that of ejections (E) and sweeps (S), which lead to them having limited effects on Reynolds stress. A comparison with settling velocity suggests that vertical sediment transport is mainly controlled by ejection and sweep events. Inward‐ and outward‐interactions appear to be more important for the resuspension of fine material with settling velocities of the order of 1 mm/s.
Transition of Large‐Scale Environmental Conditions and Characteristics of Four Rainfall Types Observed by S‐PolKa During the MJO‐1 Active Phase of DYNAMO/CINDY/AMIE
Authors: Thayer Jeffrey D. , Hence Deanna A.
Published: May 2022

Analyses of National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) S‐PolKa dual‐polarization radar data and ERA5 reanalysis fields indicate gradual changes in convection characteristics and large‐scale environmental conditions during a central Indian Ocean Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) event observed by the DYNAMO/CINDY/AMIE field campaigns in late October 2011 (MJO‐1). Examination of four rainfall types (isolated convective cores, convective, mixed, and stratiform) reveals a transition of convection characteristics (i.e., areal coverage and depth) between distinct 5‐day environmental periods at the beginning and end of this ∼2‐week MJO active phase. A shift toward less frequent rainfall covering less of the radar domain for all four rainfall types occurs when large‐scale lower‐tropospheric dry air advects into the region with the westerly wind burst (WWB). Drier and warmer lower‐free‐tropospheric conditions associated with the WWB contribute to increased large‐scale surface‐based convective inhibition (CIN), surface‐based convective available potential energy (CAPE), and cloud base heights. A thermodynamic budget analysis indicates reduced surface heat fluxes contribute to the increased surface‐based CAPE. Greater CAPE at the end of MJO‐1 coincides with deeper 50‐dBZ convective echoes, while decreased 10‐dBZ depth for all rainfall types corresponds in time with WWB‐related dry‐air advection. Increased (decreased) reflectivity values in the lower‐level vertical reflectivity distribution of convective (stratiform) precipitation indicate increased (decreased) convective (stratiform) intensities when the WWB is present. The opposite depth changes for convective echoes and opposite shifts in convective and stratiform precipitation intensities underscore how the WWB can have differing impacts at different reflectivity thresholds and stages of the deep convection lifecycle.
On the Evolution of a Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortex that Acted as a Crucial Condition for the Extremely Strong Hourly Precipitation in Zhengzhou
Authors: Fu Shen‐Ming , Zhang Yuan‐Chun , Wang Hui‐Jie , Tang Huan , Li Wan‐Li , Sun Jian‐Hua
Published: May 2022

From 17–22 July 2021, Henan Province experienced the most severe torrential rainfall event since 1975 with a maximum hourly precipitation of 201.9 mm appeared in Zhengzhou, which was the largest hourly rainfall thus far observed by meteorological observation stations over the Chinese Mainland. The appearance of a long‐lived (21‐hr) northwestward‐moving mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) and its interaction with its parent mesoscale convective system (MCS) was crucial to produce the extremely strong heavy rainfall in Zhengzhou. The backward trajectory analysis indicates that air particles in the lower troposphere beneath the MCS over Henan contributed mostly to the MCV's formation. These air particles experienced notable ascending motions and condensation with their strong cyclonic vorticity mostly produced 1‐hr before the MCV's formation. Vorticity budget denotes that strong upward transport of cyclonic vorticity and convergence‐related vertical stretching, both of which were mainly due to convection associated with the parent MCS, acted as dominant factors for the MCV's formation. After formation, the MCV first coupled with its parent MCS, during which its intensity, thickness, and precipitation were all maximized; then, it moved northwestward and decoupled from the MCS, during which it weakened rapidly and finally dissipated. Convection‐related upward cyclonic vorticity transport and inward horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity associated with an inverted trough over the Henan Province dominated the vortex's development/maintenance in the coupling stage; whereas outward horizontal advection of cyclonic vorticity dominated the MCV's dissipation after it completely decoupled from its parent MCS. These differ notably from the findings documented in previous MCV‐related literature.
Peat Uncovers a Uniquely Resilient Irish Community
Authors: Wright Clarissa
Published: May 2022

Researchers reveal an abandoned settlement in Northern Ireland that showed unusual resilience during calamities including epidemics, famine, and climate change.
Density and Temperature of the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere of Mars Retrieved From the OI 557.7 nm Dayglow Measured by TGO/NOMAD
Authors: Aoki S. , Gkouvelis L. , Gérard J.‐C. , Soret L. , Hubert B. , Lopez‐Valverde M. A. , González‐Galindo F. , Sagawa H. , Thomas I. R. , Ristic B. , Willame Y. , Depiesse C. , Mason J. , Patel M. R. , Bellucci G. , Lopez‐Moreno J.‐J. , Daerden F. , Vandaele A. C.
Published: May 2022

The upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere of Mars (70–150 km) is of high interest because it is a region affected by climatological/meteorological events in the lower atmosphere and external solar forcing. However, only a few measurements are available at this altitude range. OI 557.7 nm dayglow emission has been detected at these altitudes by the limb observations with Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) aboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). We develop an inversion method to retrieve density and temperature at these altitudes from the OI 557.7 nm dayglow limb profiles. We demonstrate that the atmospheric density around 90 and 140 km and temperature around 80 km during the daytime can be retrieved from the TGO/NOMAD limb measurements. The retrieved densities show a large seasonal variation both around 90 and 140 km and reach maximum values around perihelion period. This can be explained by temperature variation in the lower atmosphere driven by the dust content and Sun‐Mars distance. Temperature around 80 km is higher than predicted by general circulation models, which is tentatively consistent with the warm atmospheric layer recently discovered in nighttime. The temperature retrieval relies on the temperature dependence of the quenching coefficient of 1S oxygen by CO2. Further validation of this coefficient in the range of the Mars upper atmosphere is needed for the verification of the retrieved high temperature.
Elevated endogenous GDNF induces altered dopamine signalling in mice and correlates with clinical severity in schizophrenia
Authors: Mätlik Kärt , Garton Daniel R. , Montaño-Rodríguez Ana R. , Olfat Soophie , Eren Feride , Casserly Laoise , Damdimopoulos Anastasios , Panhelainen Anne , Porokuokka L. Lauriina , Kopra Jaakko J. , Turconi Giorgio , Schweizer Nadine , Bereczki Erika , Piehl Fredrik , Engberg Göran , Cervenka Simon , Piepponen T. Petteri , Zhang Fu-Ping , Sipilä Petra , Jakobsson Johan , Sellgren Carl M. , Erhardt Sophie , Andressoo Jaan-Olle
Published: May 2022

Presynaptic increase in striatal dopamine is the primary dopaminergic abnormality in schizophrenia, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here, we hypothesized that increased expression of endogenous GDNF could induce dopaminergic abnormalities that resemble those seen in schizophrenia. To test the impact of GDNF elevation, without inducing adverse effects caused by ectopic overexpression, we developed a novel in vivo approach to conditionally increase endogenous GDNF expression. We found that a 2–3-fold increase in endogenous GDNF in the brain was sufficient to induce molecular, cellular, and functional changes in dopamine signalling in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, including increased striatal presynaptic dopamine levels and reduction of dopamine in prefrontal cortex. Mechanistically, we identified adenosine A2a receptor (A2AR), a G-protein coupled receptor that modulates dopaminergic signalling, as a possible mediator of GDNF-driven dopaminergic abnormalities. We further showed that pharmacological inhibition of A2AR with istradefylline partially normalised striatal GDNF and striatal and cortical dopamine levels in mice. Lastly, we found that GDNF levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of first episode psychosis patients, and in post-mortem striatum of schizophrenia patients. Our results reveal a possible contributor for increased striatal dopamine signalling in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients and suggest that GDNF—A2AR crosstalk may regulate dopamine function in a therapeutically targetable manner.
Maternal autoantibody profiles as biomarkers for ASD and ASD with co-occurring intellectual disability
Authors: Ramirez-Celis Alexandra , Croen Lisa A. , Yoshida Cathleen K. , Alexeeff Stacey E. , Schauer Joseph , Yolken Robert H. , Ashwood Paul , Van de Water Judy
Published: May 2022

Maternal autoantibody-related ASD (MAR ASD) is a subtype of autism in which pathogenic maternal autoantibodies (IgG) cross the placenta, access the developing brain, and cause neurodevelopmental alterations and behaviors associated with autism in the exposed offspring. We previously reported maternal IgG response to eight proteins (CRMP1, CRMP2, GDA LDHA, LDHB, NSE, STIP1, and YBOX) and that reactivity to nine specific combinations of these proteins (MAR ASD patterns) was predictive of ASD risk. The aim of the current study was to validate the previously identified MAR ASD patterns (CRMP1 + GDA, CRMP1 + CRMP2, NSE + STIP1, CRMP2 + STIP1, LDHA + YBOX, LDHB + YBOX, GDA + YBOX, STIP1 + YBOX, and CRMP1 + STIP1) and their accuracy in predicting ASD risk in a prospective cohort employing maternal samples collected prior to parturition. We used prenatal plasma from mothers of autistic children with or without co-occurring intellectual disability (ASD = 540), intellectual disability without autism (ID = 184) and general population controls (GP = 420) collected by the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study. We found reactivity to one or more of the nine previously identified MAR ASD patterns in 10% of the ASD group compared with 4% of the ID group and 1% of the GP controls (ASD vs GP: Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.81, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 3.32 to 22.43; ASD vs ID: OR = 2.77, 95% CI (1.19–7.47)) demonstrating that the MAR ASD patterns are strongly associated with the ASD group and could be used to assess ASD risk prior to symptom onset. The pattern most strongly associated with ASD was CRMP1 + CRMP2 and increased the odds for an ASD diagnosis 16-fold (3.32 to >999.99). In addition, we found that several of these specific MAR ASD patterns were strongly associated with ASD with intellectual disability (ASD + ID) and others associated with ASD without ID (ASD-no ID). Prenatal screening for these MAR patterns may lead to earlier identification of ASD and facilitate access to the appropriate early intervention services based on each child’s needs.
Androgen and oestrogen receptor co-expression determines the efficacy of hormone receptor-mediated radiosensitisation in breast cancer
Authors: Michmerhuizen Anna R. , Lerner Lynn M. , Ward Connor , Pesch Andrea M. , Zhang Amanda , Schwartz Rachel , Wilder-Romans Kari , Eisner Joel R. , Rae James M. , Pierce Lori J. , Speers Corey W.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Radiation therapy (RT) and hormone receptor (HR) inhibition are used for the treatment of HR-positive breast cancers; however, little is known about the interaction of the androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) in response to RT in AR-positive, ER-positive (AR+/ER+) breast cancers. Here we assessed radiosensitisation of AR+/ER+ cell lines using pharmacologic or genetic inhibition/degradation of AR and/or ER.

Methods

Radiosensitisation was assessed with AR antagonists (enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide, seviteronel, ARD-61), ER antagonists (tamoxifen, fulvestrant) or using knockout of AR.

Results

Treatment with AR antagonists or ER antagonists in combination with RT did not result in radiosensitisation changes (radiation enhancement ratios [rER]: 0.76–1.21). Fulvestrant treatment provided significant radiosensitisation of CAMA-1 and BT-474 cells (rER: 1.06–2.0) but not ZR-75-1 cells (rER: 0.9–1.11). Combining tamoxifen with enzalutamide did not alter radiosensitivity using a 1 h or 1-week pretreatment (rER: 0.95–1.14). Radiosensitivity was unchanged in AR knockout compared to Cas9 cells (rER: 1.07 ± 0.11), and no additional radiosensitisation was achieved with tamoxifen or fulvestrant compared to Cas9 cells (rER: 0.84–1.19).

Conclusion

While radiosensitising in AR + TNBC, AR inhibition does not modulate radiation sensitivity in AR+/ER+ breast cancer. The efficacy of ER antagonists in combination with RT may also be dependent on AR expression.
Multifunctional two-dimensional van der Waals Janus magnet Cr-based dichalcogenide halides
Authors: Hou Yusheng , Xue Feng , Qiu Liang , Wang Zhe , Wu Ruqian
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional van der Waals Janus materials and their heterostructures offer fertile platforms for designing fascinating functionalities. Here, by means of systematic first-principles studies on van der Waals Janus monolayer Cr-based dichalcogenide halides CrYX (Y = S, Se, Te; X = Cl, Br, I), we find that CrSX (X = Cl, Br, I) are the very desirable high TC ferromagnetic semiconductors with an out-of-plane magnetization. Excitingly, by the benefit of the large magnetic moments on ligand S2− anions, the sought-after large-gap quantum anomalous Hall effect and sizable valley splitting can be achieved through the magnetic proximity effect in van der Waals heterostructures CrSBr/Bi2Se3/CrSBr and MoTe2/CrSBr, respectively. Additionally, we show that large Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions give rise to skyrmion states in CrTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) under external magnetic fields. Our work reveals that two-dimensional Janus magnet Cr-based dichalcogenide halides have appealing multifunctionalities in the applications of topological electronic and valleytronic devices.
Pan-cancer pervasive upregulation of 3′ UTR splicing drives tumourigenesis
Authors: Chan Jia Jia , Zhang Bin , Chew Xiao Hong , Salhi Adil , Kwok Zhi Hao , Lim Chun You , Desi Ng , Subramaniam Nagavidya , Siemens Angela , Kinanti Tyas , Ong Shane , Sanchez-Mejias Avencia , Ly Phuong Thao , An Omer , Sundar Raghav , Fan Xiaonan , Wang Shi , Siew Bei En , Lee Kuok Chung , Chong Choon Seng , Lieske Bettina , Cheong Wai-Kit , Goh Yufen , Fam Wee Nih , Ooi Melissa G. , Koh Bryan T. H. , Iyer Shridhar Ganpathi , Ling Wen Huan , Chen Jianbin , Yoong Boon-Koon , Chanwat Rawisak , Bonney Glenn Kunnath , Goh Brian K. P. , Zhai Weiwei , Fullwood Melissa J. , Wang Wilson , Tan Ker-Kan , Chng Wee Joo , Dan Yock Young , Pitt Jason J. , Roca Xavier , Guccione Ernesto , Vardy Leah A. , Chen Leilei , Gao Xin , Chow Pierce K. H. , Yang Henry , Tay Yvonne
Published: May 2022

Most mammalian genes generate messenger RNAs with variable untranslated regions (UTRs) that are important post-transcriptional regulators. In cancer, shortening at 3′ UTR ends via alternative polyadenylation can activate oncogenes. However, internal 3′ UTR splicing remains poorly understood as splicing studies have traditionally focused on protein-coding alterations. Here we systematically map the pan-cancer landscape of 3′ UTR splicing and present this in SpUR (http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/spur/home/). 3′ UTR splicing is widespread, upregulated in cancers, correlated with poor prognosis and more prevalent in oncogenes. We show that antisense oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of 3′ UTR splicing efficiently reduces oncogene expression and impedes tumour progression. Notably,CTNNB13′ UTR splicing is the most consistently dysregulated event across cancers. We validate its upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma, and show that the spliced 3′ UTR variant is the predominant contributor to its oncogenic functions. Overall, our study highlights the importance of 3′ UTR splicing in cancer and may launch new avenues for RNA-based anti-cancer therapeutics.
Stranded fossil-fuel assets translate to major losses for investors in advanced economies
Authors: Semieniuk Gregor , Holden Philip B. , Mercure Jean-Francois , Salas Pablo , Pollitt Hector , Jobson Katharine , Vercoulen Pim , Chewpreecha Unnada , Edwards Neil R. , Viñuales Jorge E.
Published: May 2022

The distribution of ownership of transition risk associated with stranded fossil-fuel assets remains poorly understood. We calculate that global stranded assets as present value of future lost profits in the upstream oil and gas sector exceed US$1 trillion under plausible changes in expectations about the effects of climate policy. We trace the equity risk ownership from 43,439 oil and gas production assets through a global equity network of 1.8 million companies to their ultimate owners. Most of the market risk falls on private investors, overwhelmingly in OECD countries, including substantial exposure through pension funds and financial markets. The ownership distribution reveals an international net transfer of more than 15% of global stranded asset risk to OECD-based investors. Rich country stakeholders therefore have a major stake in how the transition in oil and gas production is managed, as ongoing supporters of the fossil-fuel economy and potentially exposed owners of stranded assets.
Immune disease risk variants regulate gene expression dynamics during CD4+ T cell activation
Authors: Soskic Blagoje , Cano-Gamez Eddie , Smyth Deborah J. , Ambridge Kirsty , Ke Ziying , Matte Julie C. , Bossini-Castillo Lara , Kaplanis Joanna , Ramirez-Navarro Lucia , Lorenc Anna , Nakic Nikolina , Esparza-Gordillo Jorge , Rowan Wendy , Wille David , Tough David F. , Bronson Paola G. , Trynka Gosia
Published: May 2022

During activation, T cells undergo extensive gene expression changes that shape the properties of cells to exert their effector function. Understanding the regulation of this process could help explain how genetic variants predispose to immune diseases. Here, we mapped genetic effects on gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs)) using single-cell transcriptomics. We profiled 655,349 CD4+ T cells, capturing transcriptional states of unstimulated cells and three time points of cell activation in 119 healthy individuals. This identified 38 cell clusters, including transient clusters that were only present at individual time points of activation. We found 6,407 genes whose expression was correlated with genetic variation, of which 2,265 (35%) were dynamically regulated during activation. Furthermore, 127 genes were regulated by variants associated with immune-mediated diseases, with significant enrichment for dynamic effects. Our results emphasize the importance of studying context-specific gene expression regulation and provide insights into the mechanisms underlying genetic susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.
Astrocyte-targeted gene delivery of interleukin 2 specifically increases brain-resident regulatory T cell numbers and protects against pathological neuroinflammation
Authors: Yshii Lidia , Pasciuto Emanuela , Bielefeld Pascal , Mascali Loriana , Lemaitre Pierre , Marino Marika , Dooley James , Kouser Lubna , Verschoren Stijn , Lagou Vasiliki , Kemps Hannelore , Gervois Pascal , de Boer Antina , Burton Oliver T. , Wahis Jérôme , Verhaert Jens , Tareen Samar H. K. , Roca Carlos P. , Singh Kailash , Whyte Carly E. , Kerstens Axelle , Callaerts-Vegh Zsuzsanna , Poovathingal Suresh , Prezzemolo Teresa , Wierda Keimpe , Dashwood Amy , Xie Junhua , Van Wonterghem Elien , Creemers Eline , Aloulou Meryem , Gsell Willy , Abiega Oihane , Munck Sebastian , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. , Bronckaers Annelies , Lemmens Robin , De Strooper Bart , Van Den Bosch Ludo , Himmelreich Uwe , Fitzsimons Carlos P. , Holt Matthew G. , Liston Adrian
Published: May 2022

The ability of immune-modulating biologics to prevent and reverse pathology has transformed recent clinical practice. Full utility in the neuroinflammation space, however, requires identification of both effective targets for local immune modulation and a delivery system capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier. The recent identification and characterization of a small population of regulatory T (Treg) cells resident in the brain presents one such potential therapeutic target. Here, we identified brain interleukin 2 (IL-2) levels as a limiting factor for brain-resident Treg cells. We developed a gene-delivery approach for astrocytes, with a small-molecule on-switch to allow temporal control, and enhanced production in reactive astrocytes to spatially direct delivery to inflammatory sites. Mice with brain-specific IL-2 delivery were protected in traumatic brain injury, stroke and multiple sclerosis models, without impacting the peripheral immune system. These results validate brain-specific IL-2 gene delivery as effective protection against neuroinflammation, and provide a versatile platform for delivery of diverse biologics to neuroinflammatory patients.
CYCLANDS: Cycling geo-located accidents, their details and severities
Authors: Costa Miguel , Marques Manuel , Roque Carlos , Moura Filipe
Published: May 2022

Several cities and national authorities across the globe publish records on road accidents and crashes. This data is vital for road safety analysis, enabling researchers to develop models to understand how different factors impact the frequency and severity of accidents. However, researchers studying cycling safety face additional challenges as datasets containing solely cycling accidents are scarce, may contain errors, among others. Thus, we publish CYCLANDS: CYCling geo-Located AccideNts, their Details and Severities. CYCLANDS is a curated collection of 30 datasets on cycling crashes to lower the barrier in objective cycling research comprising nearly 1.6 M cycling accidents. All observations include the severity and location of the accident. This collection fosters the worldwide study of cycling safety by providing a testbed for researchers to develop tools and models for cycling safety analysis, ultimately improving the safety of those who cycle.
Plant phenotype relationship corpus for biomedical relationships between plants and phenotypes
Authors: Cho Hyejin , Kim Baeksoo , Choi Wonjun , Lee Doheon , Lee Hyunju
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants have demonstrated therapeutic potential for applicability for a wide range of observable characteristics in the human body, known as “phenotype,” and have been considered favorably in clinical treatment. With an ever increasing interest in plants, many researchers have attempted to extract meaningful information by identifying relationships between plants and phenotypes from the existing literature. Although natural language processing (NLP) aims to extract useful information from unstructured textual data, there is no appropriate corpus available to train and evaluate the NLP model for plants and phenotypes. Therefore, in the present study, we have presented the plant-phenotype relationship (PPR) corpus, a high-quality resource that supports the development of various NLP fields; it includes information derived from 600 PubMed abstracts corresponding to 5,668 plant and 11,282 phenotype entities, and demonstrates a total of 9,709 relationships. We have also described benchmark results through named entity recognition and relation extraction systems to verify the quality of our data and to show the significant performance of NLP tasks in the PPR test set.
Multi-arch dam safety evaluation based on statistical analysis and numerical simulation
Authors: He Qi , Gu Chongshi , Valente Silvio , Zhao Erfeng , Liu Xing , Yuan Dongyang
Published: May 2022

The Foziling multi-arch dam, one of the few multi-arch dams in the world, was built on the bedrock with complicated geological conditions. It has undergone several reinforcements since it was put into service in the 1950s. In this study, the dam safety is evaluated by analyzing the measured displacements and simulating stresses in the concrete. Firstly, the multiple linear stepwise regression (MLSR) is used to train and test the relationships between the loads and displacement based on the hydrostatic-temperature-time (HTT) model. Subsequently, the contributions of water level, temperature, and time to displacements are determined, and the influence characteristics of water level and temperature on displacements are interpreted. Finally, the dam stress state is evaluated by establishing a dam finite element model and simulating the stress distribution in various operating conditions. The results indicate that (1) the dam is currently in an elastic state after the last reinforcement; (2) temperature contributes the most to the displacement, and the drastic fluctuation of temperature is the disadvantage factor for multi-arch dam safety; (3) the stresses generally can meet the requirements of code; and (4) the ideas and methods of the study can provide references for the safety evaluation of other concrete dams.
Temperature sensitivity of DNA double-strand break repair underpins heat-induced meiotic failure in mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Hirano Kodai , Nonami Yuta , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Sato Toshiyuki , Sato Takuya , Ishiguro Kei-ichiro , Ogawa Takehiko , Yoshida Shosei
Published: May 2022

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a heat-vulnerable process that occurs at low temperatures, and elevated testicular temperatures cause male infertility. However, the current reliance on in vivo assays limits their potential to detail temperature dependence and destructive processes. Using ex vivo cultures of mouse testis explants at different controlled temperatures, we found that spermatogenesis failed at multiple steps, showing sharp temperature dependencies. At 38 °C (body core temperature), meiotic prophase I is damaged, showing increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and compromised DSB repair. Such damaged spermatocytes cause asynapsis between homologous chromosomes and are eliminated by apoptosis at the meiotic checkpoint. At 37 °C, some spermatocytes survive to the late pachytene stage, retaining high levels of unrepaired DSBs but do not complete meiosis with compromised crossover formation. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms and significance of heat vulnerability in mammalian spermatogenesis.
Minimally invasive nanomedicine: nanotechnology in photo-/ultrasound-/radiation-/magnetism-mediated therapy and imaging
Authors: Ouyang Jiang , Xie Angel , Zhou Jun , Liu Runcong , Wang Liqiang , Liu Haijun , Kong Na , Tao Wei
Published: May 2022

This review systematically summarizes the research status, challenges, prospects, and potential bench-to-bedside translation of minimally invasive nanomedicines.
Double-type-I charge-injection heterostructure for quantum-dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Li-Xi , Tang Cindy G. , Tan Zhao-Siu , Phua Hao-Yu , Chen Jing , Lei Wei , Png Rui-Qi , Chua Lay-Lay , Ho Peter K. H.
Published: May 2022

Enforcing balanced electron–hole injection into the emitter layer of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes through a double-type-I heterostructure using polymer semiconductors maximizes the quantum efficiency over a wide current density range.
Spiderweb-inspired all-weather CoS quantum dots confined in N-doped carbon for boosted sulfate radical evolution
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhu Ying-Bo , Ma Yu-Long , Sun Yong-Gang , Wang Lei , Wang Li-Qiong , Li Yuan-Yuan , Ji Wen-Xin , Yu Zhi-Jun
Published: May 2022

Inspired by the working principle of natural spiderweb and long-persistence phosphors, we have synthesized a spiderweb-like nanocomposite in which CoS quantum dots are confined in N-doped carbon frameworks/carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
Rapid and sensitive multiplex detection of COVID-19 antigens and antibody using electrochemical immunosensor-/aptasensor-enabled biochips
Authors: Jiang Fuze , Xiao Zhen , Wang Ting , Wang Jiajia , Bie Lihua , Saleh Lanja , Frey Kathrin , Zhang Lianjun , Wang Jing
Published: May 2022

Electrochemical biochips for low-cost, one-step, sensitive and accurate multiplex detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins, and IgG antibody in clinical samples.
An in situ derived MOF@In2S3 heterojunction stabilizes Co(ii)-salicylaldimine for efficient photocatalytic formic acid dehydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Meijin , Lin Wenting , Ma Liang , Pi Yunhong , Wang Tiejun
Published: May 2022

A hierarchical heterojunction with installation of in situ derived In2S3 and [Co]-catalyst confined by salicylaldimine moiety significantly facilitates photocatalytic FA dehydrogenation.
Computational study revealed a “pull–push” radical transfer mechanism of Mmp10-catalyzed Cδ-methylation of arginine
Authors: Deng Wen-Hao , Liao Rong-Zhen
Published: May 2022

A stepwise “push–pull” radical transfer mechanism is proposed for the B12-dependent SAM enzyme Mmp10. A 5′-dA˙ radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from arginine, which then grabs a methyl group from methylcobalamin, harvesting 5-C-(S)-methylarginine.
The thermal isomerization of benzvalyne to benzyne
Authors: Poland Kimberley N. , Yang Weiwei , Fortenberry Ryan C. , Davis Steven R.
Published: May 2022

The isomerization of the highly strained benzvalyne structure to o-benzyne has been investigated using MCSCF and CCSD(T) levels of theory.
Sensitization of Mn2+ luminescence via efficient energy transfer to suit the application of high color rendering WLEDs
Authors: Ding Jianhong , Kuang Meng , Liu Shuifu , Zhang Ziheng , Huang Kangrong , Huo Jiansheng , Ni Haiyong , Zhang Qiuhong , Li Junhao
Published: May 2022

Mn2+ luminescence is enhanced by Ce3+ through energy transfer and the SCB:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphor could be used for high-color-rendering WLEDs.
Band gap modulation and nonlinear optical properties of quaternary tellurates Li2GeTeO6
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhang Yunxi , Liu Qian , Zhang Bingbing , Yang Daqing , Wang Ying
Published: May 2022

A new NLO crystal Li2GeTeO6 has been synthesized by a cation substitution strategy. It shows a large SHG intensity with a short cutoff edge, and possesses the largest band gap and highest LDT in the Li2MTeO6 (M = tetravalent cation) family.
Clostridium butyricum, a butyrate-producing potential probiotic, alleviates experimental colitis through epidermal growth factor receptor activation
Authors: Wu Jingyi , Zhou Bingqian , Pang Xiaoqi , Song Xueli , Gu Yu , Xie Runxiang , Liu Tianyu , Xu Xin , Wang Bangmao , Cao Hailong
Published: May 2022

Clostridium butyricum could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis through the transactivation of EGFR signaling induced by EGFR ligands (HB-EGF and AREG) in intestinal epithelial cells.
Desymmetric hydrolysis of prochiral imide for S-pregabalin synthesis by rationally designed d-hydantoinase
Authors: Liu Feixia , Ren Jie , Guo Lu , Liu Yang , Li De-Feng , Yu Bo
Published: May 2022

A one-step enzymatic desymmetrization process was developed to produce the direct chiral precursor for S-pregabalin synthesis with high yield and high eep value.
Multimodal generative neural networks and molecular dynamics based identification of PDK1 PIF-pocket modulators
Authors: Vennila Kailasam N. , Elango Kuppanagounder P.
Published: May 2022

Dynamics associated generative neural networks can predict novel PPI modulators for PDK1.
In vivoandin silicoinvestigations of the pegylated gold nanoparticle treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice
Authors: Vimal Sunil Kumar , Cao Hongyi , Dubey Amit , Agrawal Lokesh , Pathak Nishit , Zuo Hua , Kumar Deepak , Bhattacharyya Sanjib
Published: May 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease that involves the progressive annihilation of motor neurons.
The influence of the trans-ligand to NO on the thermal stability of the photoinduced side-bond coordinated linkage isomer
Authors: Mikhailov Artem A. , Kostin Gennadiy A. , Schaniel Dominik
Published: May 2022

The influence of trans-to-NO ligand (X) on the thermal stability of transient side-on coordinated nitrosyl linkage isomer (MS2) is investigated in a series of trans-[RuNOPy4X](PF6)2 (X = F− (RuF), Cl− (RuCl), Br− (RuBr) and OH− (RuOH)) compounds.
Assembly of unsymmetrical 1,3,5-triarylbenzenesviatandem reaction of β-arylethenesulfonyl fluorides and α-cyano-β-methylenones
Authors: Zhang Fang , An Yi , Liu Jichang , Du Guangfen , Cai Zhihua , He Lin
Published: May 2022

A transition-metal-free method has been proposed for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3,5-triarylbenzenesviaa tandem Diels–Alder cycloaddition/SuFEx/elimination process.
Recent advances of carbonyl olefination via McMurry coupling reaction
Authors: Bongso Anthony , Roswanda Robby , Syah Yana Maolana
Published: May 2022

McMurry coupling reaction utilizes the low-valent titanium reagents and carbonyl compounds to produce olefins.
A novel G·G·T non-conventional intramolecular triplex formed by the double repeat sequence of Chlamydomonas telomeric DNA
Authors: Bansal Aparna , Phogat Priyanka , Kukreti Shrikant
Published: May 2022

The competition among the DNA non-canonical structures has been widely studied in repetitive DNA sequences. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii telomere (TTTTAGGG)n is found an exception to the general idea of forming folded G-quadruplex by few repeats of any telomeric sequence.
Structural, morphological, and electrical properties of silver-substituted ZnAl2O4nanoparticles
Authors: Amghar Mohamed , Bougoffa Amira , Trabelsi Abdessalem , Oueslati Abderrazek , Dhahri Essebti
Published: May 2022

In this paper, nanoparticles of (x= 0.05 andx= 0.1) were synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion method and characterized by various techniques.
Bisulfite-free and single-nucleotide resolution sequencing of DNA epigenetic modification of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine using engineered deaminase
Authors: Xie Neng-Bin , Wang Min , Ji Tong-Tong , Guo Xia , Ding Jiang-Hui , Yuan Bi-Feng , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: May 2022

In EDM-seq, the original C and 5mC in DNA are deaminated by eA3A to form U and T, both of which are read as T during sequencing. While the 5hmC is resistant to deamination by eA3A and is still read as C during sequencing.
Enhanced acetylene semi-hydrogenation on a subsurface carbon tailored Ni–Ga intermetallic catalyst
Authors: Ge Xiaohu , Ren Zhouhong , Cao Yueqiang , Liu Xi , Zhang Jing , Qian Gang , Gong Xueqing , Chen Liwei , Zhou Xinggui , Yuan Weikang , Duan Xuezhi
Published: May 2022

A subsurface carbon tailored Ni–Ga intermetallic catalyst delivers superior catalytic performance for acetylene semi-hydrogenation.
Cell membrane-engineered nanoparticles for cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Huang Yuanyu
Published: May 2022

This review mainly summarizes the research progress of cell membrane extraction and coating technology, with an emphasis on the treatment of cancer with cell membrane-engineered nanoparticles from various sources.
Splendid four-mode optical thermometry design based on thermochromic Cs3GdGe3O9:Er3+ phosphors
Authors: Wei Rongfei , Lu Fumin , Wang Li , Hu Fangfang , Tian Xiangling , Guo Hai
Published: May 2022

Four-mode optical thermometry techniques involving FIR from TCEL and NTECL, FL and the thermochromic effect of Cs3GdGe3O9:0.9Er3+ were realized.