bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
English and French vocabulary as a product of historical development
Authors: Bandrivska Nataliia
Published: August 2022

The word-stock of any language may be subdivided into the sets. The elements of one are native, the elements of another are borrowed. Borrowings are modified in phonetic shape, spelling or meaning according to the standards of the recipient language. The process of interpenetration is constantly going on. One penetrated into a certain language system, a loan word is assimilated and undergoes semantic changes. The greater are the changes, the weaker is the connection of the word with its traditional use in the original language. According to the latest lexicographic data we can speak of a formation tendency of new lexical equivalents in Indo-European languages and the necessity to study them. The French language, which is the object of the study of language, consists of several varieties. The vocabulary of the language is constantly changing, to a greater or lesser extent. Changes are tracked and recorded, which allows to adequately understand modern language, which is developing as a living thing. Social changes of time, caused by changes in the structure of the socio-political system, changes in ownership and composition of active participants in communication, cause a conscious change in language norms. This is expressed primarily in the growth of variant elements of communication, a large number of new loanwords and terms, and, finally, in stylistic changes in the meaning of oral and written language, with a marked change in the domestic sphere of communication. The problem, investigated in the article, is connected with the history of penetration of foreign words, among them English, into the French language and vice versa. Everybody can withness the influence of English borrowings in one foreign language nowadays, the process of adaptation of Anglicisms. The aim of the paper is to confirm loanwords in the French language that are a result of lexical interference of two languages – two cultures – in contact. The material of the investigation is about 70 per cent of Anglicisms, picked out from the latest mass media publications in French. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that Anglicisms make up a part of the French word-stock, replenish the language vocabulary
Implementation of project-based learning technology within the educational process of higher military institutions
Authors: Bhinder Nataliya , Protsenko Pavlo
Published: August 2022

The article defines the category of project-based learning. It is an efficient pedagogical technology, oriented towards integration of theoretical knowledge from the different spheres of science, formation of professional skills, development of creativity, critical thinking, communication, leadership and decision-making. Also, project-based learning is a productive searching activity of cadets that is organized by an instructor to solve particular cognitive and practical tasks that is closely connected with future professional activity of learners.

We found that project-based learning technology is an important component of professional training of future military officers and it gives the possibility to use the person-centered approach, activate independent work and enhance cadets’ motivation to future professional activity.

The article investigates the types of projects in details. It is stated, that a number of projects are used, while implementing project-based learning technology during the educational process at the higher military institution. They are the following: construction and practical projects, role-plays and game projects, information and research projects, survey projects, productive projects, organization and creative projects. We have proved that the projects can also be divided into individual, personal, team and pair ones on the basis of participants; number. In addition, the projects can be short-term, middle-term, and long-term because of the duration of the activity.

The authors found that the project learning technology is realized in the four stages at the higher military institution: substantiation stage, searching stage, technological stage, and concluding stage. The article explains the kinds of work for each stage in details.

The notion of didactic conditions was outlined. The authors have proved that these conditions concern reasons and circumstances of realization of the educational process. Didactic conditions contribute to positive results of the process of professional training of future military officers. We decided that didactic conditions for implementation of project-based learning technology within the educational process at the higher military institution can be divided into the four stages: motivation, content, technological, and evaluation conditions. Each of these groups consists of specific didactic conditions, oriented towards the efficiency of project-based learning technology at the higher military institution
Increasing the thermal resistance of shell gas-support structures for use as gas hydrates storages
Authors: Pedchenko Larysa , Pedchenko Mykhailo
Published: August 2022

Currently, in the world and Ukraine there are difficulties with the provision of natural gas. However, one of the problems is its storage. So, the object of research is the process of storing natural gas in land storages in gas hydrate form. An alternative to traditional technologies can be the transportation and long-term storage of natural gas in the form of gas hydrates. However, the existing reinforced concrete and metal structures, in addition to a significant price, also cannot sufficiently provide effective thermal insulation of the gas hydrate and its tightness.
The paper substantiates the possibility of using gas support structures and pneumatic building structures as gas hydrate storage facilities. The possibility of improving the proposed structures by using non-hardening foams as a thermal insulation material has been proposed and confirmed by calculations. The study was aimed at calculating and analyzing the effectiveness of such a method of thermal insulation of a ground gas storage facility for storing natural gas in gas hydrate form.
A method acceptable for the current level of technology development is proposed for increasing the thermal resistance of gas support structures for their use as gas storages in the gas hydrate state. It consists in using stable liquid foams as an effective thermal insulation material to fill the space between the layers of a two-layer coating. In the course of the study, the high efficiency of the proposed method of thermal insulation of ground hydrate reservoirs with stable liquid foams was shown.
Calculation of thermodynamic characteristics of gas support storages for gas hydrates at their thermal insulation by liquid foam is made. The efficiency of the technological process of storing gas hydrate in the form of blocks is analyzed depending on the time of year. The main parameters of operation of such facilities are substantiated. It has been established that storage of hydrate blocks in storage without their dissociation during insulation with a layer of foam requires short-term additional cooling during the summer period of storage. Thus, this technology has prospects for widespread adoption.
Analysis of ways to improve the efficiency of modern satellite communication systems
Authors: Trotsko Oleksandr
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the satellite segment in telecommunications occupies an important place and provides positioning of the global coverage system. However, the development of satellite technologies, compared to terrestrial wireless technologies, is slow. For example, the new DVB-S2 (Digital Video Broadcasting via Satellite) satellite standard contains a small number of improvements and refinements over the previous DVB-S standard. The main improvements are the introduction of codes with low density of LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) and the introduction of adaptive modulation and coding. Given the above, the object of research is modern satellite communication system. The subject of the research is the way to increase the efficiency of modern satellite communication systems. The research aims to analyze the feasibility of using a number of effective technologies in modern wireless systems, such as OFDM, UWB and MIMO, in satellite communication systems. The implementation of the considered options for the use of MIMO technology in satellite communication systems will increase the bandwidth and efficiency of these systems. However, there is a need for additional research to adapt this technology in satellite communication systems. Thus, the analysis allows forming the main directions of improving the efficiency of modern satellite communication systems. This analysis allows:
– to formulate new approaches to increase the efficiency of modern satellite communication systems;
– to substantiate new technological solutions for the construction of transceivers of satellite communication systems;
– to identify possible areas of research to improve the efficiency of modern satellite communication systems.
Development of a method of utilization of oil and gas industry waste at Pereshchepyno field (Ukraine)
Authors: Mykhailovska Olena , Zotsenko Mykola , Kulik Vladislav
Published: August 2022

The object of research is the technological solutions for the construction of sludge barns at the Pereschepyno field (Ukraine). One of the most problematic places is the lack of reliable insulation of sludge barns and storage facilities.
The study used a screen type «wall in the soil» of elements of soil cement, which prevents the filtration of the aqueous phase. The screen was built monolithic. It is proposed to arrange the shade between the centers of the curtain equal to 0.8 of the diameter of the element. It is proposed to make elements from soil cement by the brown-mixing method. After 28 days (hardening of the elements) up to 60 % of the soil was removed from the waste storage area. This is due to the fact that the proposed method of arrangement of waste storage has a number of features. Over time, the strength and permeability of the aqueous phase of soil cement increase. It is proposed to fill the storage with drilling waste after the enclosing elements have hardened. In order for the soil to have a suitable humidity of 4–5 %, it is proposed to dry it outdoors. It is proposed to build a cover over the soil dump. If the optimum humidity of the mixture is not obtained after drying and mixing the waste with the soil, it is proposed to add a drying additive (ash removal of Mykolayiv thermal power plant). The amount of additive is from 1.5 to 3 % depending on the type of soil. Next, it is proposed to seal the layers of sludge and loam by rammers. After compaction, the operation is repeated. Compaction of soil layers is proposed to be carried out at optimum humidity. In comparison with similar known methods, this method provides the following advantages: low cost of manufacture due to the use of a waterproof layer of soil as the bottom of the structure; high water resistance – W12; high compressive strength; environmental safety and durability.
The influence of the gas hydrates morphology on the rate of dissociation and the manifestation of self-preservation in non-equilibrium conditions
Authors: Dmytrenko Victoriia , Lukin Oleksandr , Savyk Vasyl
Published: August 2022

The object for the research was samples of artificially formed gas hydrate of different morphology. Gas hydrates are clathrate compounds of water molecules and hydrate-forming gases. They create significant problems for the oil and gas industry. At the same time, they contain enormous natural gas resources. The study of gas hydrates requires the production of quality samples in laboratory conditions and the availability of appropriate laboratory equipment. However, it is customary to use averaged physical indicators when performing calculations and in works on modeling gas-hydrate processes. At the same time, their morphological differences are not taken into account. Therefore, there is a risk of obtaining distorted research results. Based on this, the paper presents an analysis of the morphological differences of artificially formed gas-hydrate structures depending on the method of their formation. An assessment of the influence of the method of gas hydrate formation and the morphology of artificially formed gas hydrate samples on its stability is also given. In addition, recommendations are provided for choosing a method of forming samples of gas-hydrate structures that simulate natural samples.
Gas hydrate samples for research were obtained at a laboratory facility by changing the method of mixing the contents of the reactor. The basis of the research methodology was the analysis of enlarged images of gas hydrate samples. The morphology of the gas hydrate samples was studied through the transparent viewing windows of the reactor. For obtain high-quality images, an optical system with a light source inside the reactor was used. The stability of the gas hydrate samples was investigated with gradual pressure release in the reactor. The difficulty of obtaining adequate samples of artificial gas hydrates for modeling the properties of natural analogues is shown. It is shown that morphological differences in the macro- or microstructure of artificially formed gas hydrate samples can affect the results of research. It was concluded that the results of experimental studies with samples of artificially obtained gas hydrate cannot be considered adequate for real conditions without appropriate corrections.
Modern determinants of consumer needs and analysis of the market of peloidotherapy in SPA resorts
Authors: Sarkisian Hanna , Liganenko Margaryta , Kambiz Sheida Golbad
Published: August 2022

One of the directions of development of the tourism industry is health tourism. Today, having natural opportunities and high potential, it is possible to state the absence of highly competitive positions in this sector of the national economy of some developing countries. For example, in Ukraine, sanatorium-and-spa institutions are one of the priority areas for the development of domestic and foreign tourism, one of the most stable types of tourism markets. So, the object of the research is the Clinical Sanatorium named after V. I. Pirohov «Kuialnyk» (Odesa region, Ukraine). The subject of the research is ways to improve the Clinical Sanatorium named after V. I. Pirohov «Kuialnyk».
The available and potential reserves of medical resources, taking into account their qualitative and quantitative characteristics, can serve as the basis for the creation of such tourism products that are now very popular in the world, for example, the provision of spa services. The authors state the absence of highly competitive positions in this sector. In the current market conditions, the sanatorium business in Ukraine is undergoing structural changes. The branding scheme proposed by the authors of the Clinical Sanatorium named after V. I. Pirohov «Kuialnyk» allows improving the quality of spa services and marketing effectiveness. After all, the modern basis of the activity of tourist organizations is determined by the factor of informatization of society.
Since the vast majority of visitors to the resort are from Belarus, Moldova, it is interesting that the resort also has its share of international tourists from European countries (Romania, Bulgaria, Germany, etc.). Thanks to the successful identification of the strengths and needs of consumers, it can be assumed that the international tourist flow will increase, because there are all the necessary conditions for this. The new branding scheme developed by the authors will act as a catalyst and stimulator for the growth of the number of visitors to the Odesa region. The prospect of this study lies in the search for new solutions for the promotion, reorganization of SPA institutions in the market of health tourism services in Ukraine. The synergy of the optimal use of natural health-improving resources and the best management solutions for the use of information support create a competitive tourism product, which in turn will lead to an increase in international tourists.
Appendicitis & Appendectomy: A novel dramatised teaching video
Authors:   Global Academy for Paediatric Surgery
Published: August 2022

Division of Paediatric Surgery, at the University of Cape Town and Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital has been in the forefront of modern surgical training by introduction of online training and surgical skills training. The dramatised teaching on surgical conditions is a novel way of teaching rich surgical knowledge through the journey of a patient with a surgical condition from admission to discharge. This will be beneficial to both undergraduate and postgraduate students and will allow them to experience real life like interactions between patients and trainees as well as trainees and teachers. The filming of the video took place at the surgical skills training centre located at the Institute of Child Health building, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. This medical video uses, in the main, actors and medically trained personnel. There are no violations with regard to ethics and such was cleared before and post the recording of the film. The Division would like to acknowledge the Foxwood TV, its producers, directors, and filming crew for their highly professional approach filming a medical training video. We would like to thank all the Divisional staff for their contributions to the preparation of manuscript, and performance in the video. We also would like to thank Karl Storz Endoscopy for their sponsorship of the episode.
Infraestrutura, expectativas privadas e investimento
Authors: FRAGA JEFFERSON S. , RESENDE MARCO FLÁVIO DA CUNHA
Published: August 2022

RESUMO A literatura econômica destaca as externalidades positivas dos gastos em infraestrutura sobre o crescimento das economias. Este artigo, de cunho teórico, se baseia em alguns dos principais insights da Escola Pós-Keynesiana relacionados ao investimento com dois objetivos: i) explicitar as interações entre infraestrutura, convenções, expectativas e investimento agregado privado, sintetizadas naquilo que Keynes denominou investimento tecnicamente social; e ii) demonstrar que as descontinuidades no investimento em infraestrutura reduzem as sensibilidades do investimento agregado privado em relação aos seus determinantes, com implicações para a política econômica. Na literatura Pós-Keynesiana, o investimento privado é volátil e sensível a mudanças de convenções e expectativas. Mostramos que os gastos em infraestrutura estimulam os investimentos privados porque reduzem a incerteza e coordenam o surgimento de convenções e expectativas privadas favoráveis ao investimento.
The bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in Cerrado and Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest transition sites in Tocantins state, Northern Region of Brazil
Authors: Barros Simone Santos Oliveira , Oliveira Júnior Waldesse Piragé de , Oliveira Favízia Freitas de , Andrade Nádilla Gonçalves , Oliveira Rafael José de , Bragança Marcos Antônio Lima
Published: August 2022

Abstract: Two sites located in Tocantins State, Brazil, were selected for the bee’s community survey. One of them was mostly covered by Cerrado vegetation and the other one is located in the Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest ecotone. Five expeditions were performed in each site throughout a 12-month period, between 2019 and 2020. The total of 771 bee specimens were collected and distributed into four families. Apidae presented the greatest species abundance and richness, it was followed by Halictidae, Megachilidae and Andrenidae, respectively. Trigona pallens (Fabricius) (Apidae) was the species presenting the greatest abundance in both sites, it totaled 118 specimens, which corresponded to 26.9% of the total abundance of individuals belonging to tribe Meliponini. In general, the community presented several species with few individuals and few species with many individuals. Bee collections were performed by using three different methodologies, among them one finds sampling based on the entomological net method, which allowed collecting the largest number of both individuals and species in comparison to the other used methods. Based on the frequency and abundance classes, only few species were classified as very frequent (VF) and very abundant (VA) in both sites based on the frequency and abundance classes. Most species were constant (W) in both regions, and there was a small number of dominant species (D); moreover, more than 70% of the sampled species were considered accidental (Z). According to the present study, either Cerrado or Cerrado-Amazon Rainforest studied sites presented higher species richness than other sites in these biomes sampled in Brazil.
O CORPO CRIANÇA E O CORPO ADULTO NA PESQUISA COM CRIANÇAS
Authors: Camargo Gisele Brandelero , Garanhani Marynelma Camargo
Published: August 2022

Esse texto traz reflexões acerca do corpo criança e do corpo adulto na pesquisa com crianças. Pautados na experiência de uma pesquisa que ocorreu em 2018 e 2019, em duas instituições escolares de Ponta Grossa – Paraná, sendo um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI) e uma escola de anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A investigação de base interpretativa e cunho etnográfico intentou compreender o ponto de vista das crianças sobre como é a experiência de atravessar  da Educação Infantil para os Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os conceitos aqui discutidos visam colaborar com a legitimidade das vozes, verbais e não verbais da criança em pesquisas acadêmicas e científicas, em contexto educacional, pelo viés da Sociologia da Infância. Nesse interim, é apresentada a postura do menos adulto (MANDELL, 2003), como uma forma de relação entre o corpo adulto e o corpo criança no processo de produção de dados. Por meio dessa abordagem teórico metodológica, entende-se o corpo criança como um sujeito competente, criativo e produtor de conhecimento e cultura e defende-se a legitimidade de sua capacidade de compartilhar decisões, conjuntamente com o corpo adulto, no âmbito da pesquisa e do processo de escolarização.
Kidney Failure Alters Parathyroid Pin1 Phosphorylation and Parathyroid Hormone mRNA-Binding Proteins, Leading to Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Hassan Alia , Pollak Yael E. , Kilav-Levin Rachel , Silver Justin , London Nir , Nechama Morris , Ben-Dov Iddo Z. , Naveh-Many Tally
Published: August 2022

Significance Statement

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of CKD that when poorly controlled increases morbidity and mortality. In experimental models, the high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) of SHP is due to increased PTH mRNA stability, mediated by changes in Protein-PTH mRNA interactions that are orchestrated by the isomerase Pin1. It is not known how CKD stimulates the parathyroid to dramatically increase PTH levels. We identify the CKD-induced post-translational modifications that disrupt parathyroid Pin1 isomerase activity and the effects on the Pin1 target and PTH mRNA decay-promoting protein, KSRP. We suggest that CKD-induced changes in Pin1, and hence sustained KSRP phosphorylation and protein-PTH mRNA interactions, are the driving force in overstimulation of the parathyroid glands in SHP.

Background

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHP) is a common complication of CKD that increases morbidity and mortality. In experimental SHP, increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) expression is due to enhanced PTH mRNA stability, mediated by changes in its interaction with stabilizing AUF1 and destabilizing KSRP. The isomerase Pin1 leads to KSRP dephosphorylation, but in SHP parathyroid Pin1 activity is decreased and hence phosphorylated KSRP fails to bind PTH mRNA, resulting in high PTH mRNA stability and levels. The up- and downstream mechanisms by which CKD stimulates the parathyroid glands remain elusive.

Methods

Adenine-rich high-phosphate diets induced CKD in rats and mice. Parathyroid organ cultures and transfected cells were incubated with Pin1 inhibitors for their effect on PTH expression. Mass spectrometry was performed on both parathyroid and PTH mRNA pulled-down proteins.

Results

CKD led to changes in rat parathyroid proteome and phosphoproteome profiles, including KSRP phosphorylation at Pin1 target sites. Furthermore, both acute and chronic kidney failure led to parathyroid-specific Pin1 Ser16 and Ser71 phosphorylation, which disrupts Pin1 activity. Pharmacologic Pin1 inhibition, which mimics the decreased Pin1 activity in SHP, increased PTH expression ex vivo in parathyroid glands in culture and in transfected cells through the PTH mRNA-protein interaction element and KSRP phosphorylation.

Conclusions

Kidney failure leads to loss of parathyroid Pin1 activity by inducing Pin1 phosphorylation. This predisposes parathyroids to increase PTH production through impaired PTH mRNA decay that is dependent on KSRP phosphorylation at Pin1-target motifs. Pin1 and KSRP phosphorylation and the Pin1-KSRP-PTH mRNA axis thus drive SHP.
Domestic accountability through strategic litigation: Towards redress and reparations for Kenya's 2007-2008 post-election sexual and gender-based violence
Authors: Adar Perpetua Akoth
Published: August 2022

There are a range of impediments in the pursuit of redress and reparations for sexual violence, more so in conflict and post-conflict situations. Often if accountability is sought through judicial institutions, it is through criminal proceedings. However, another option available is to file, simultaneously or alternatively, a civil and/or constitutional proceeding. In February 2013 six women and two men who were sexual and gender-based violence survivors of Kenya's 2007-8 postelection violence filed a constitutional petition. On 10 December 2020 the Kenyan High Court awarded four survivors Kes 4 million (approximately US $36 513) as general damages for the violation of their constitutional rights. This article, which is anchored on Kenya's human rights obligations, uses Kenya as a case study to examine the pursuit of domestic accountability through strategic litigation and the contribution made towards redress and reparation for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence from post-election violence. First, the author argues that the transitional justice approach in Kenya provided the foundation for the strategic litigation case. Therefore, the article provides an overview of key aspects of Kenya's transitional justice approach. Second, the author argues that to understand the significance of the strategic litigation, an understanding of the sexual and gender-based violence which necessitated the strategic litigation case is necessary. The article therefore examines Kenya's legacy of historical injustice and gross human rights abuses which played a role in the sexual and gender-based violence during post-election violence. Third, the author analyses the strategic litigation case, considering the key claims by the petitioners and the decision of the Court. Finally, the article discusses the lessons learnt and contribution made by this case. The author submits that, although imperfect, this strategic litigation was a valuable recognition and acknowledgment of sexual and gender-based violence survivors of post-election violence, contributed to reparation access and had an impact on domestic accountability as an option for redress and reparation.
NLDM: A Defined Medium for Cultivation and Exometabolite Profiling of Soil Bacteria v1
Authors: De Raad Markus
Published: August 2022

This is the protocol for the preparation of NLDM medium as described in de Raad et al., 2022 - A Defined Medium for Cultivation and Exometabolite Profiling of Soil Bacteria. The Northen Lab Defined Medium (NLDM) is a defined medium and thus suited for exometabolomic experiments. It is based on the metabolite composition of R2A and soil, metabolite usage by microbes, and biologically relevant elemental stoichiometry of these compounds. NLDM supports the growth of a wide range of phylogenetically diverse soil bacterial isolates and all of its metabolites are trackable through LC–MS/MS analysis. This demonstrate the viability and utility of the constructed NLDM medium for growing and characterizing diverse microbial isolates and communities. We anticipate that the NLDM medium will enable the examination of microbial substrate utilization for a broad range of isolates both directly and through dilution and amendments. We speculate that this media may have additional value in supporting microbial isolations and additional types of microbial characterization. Please cite NLDM as follows: de Raad M, Li YV, Kuehl JV, Andeer PF, Kosina SM, Hendrickson A, Saichek NR, Golini AN, Han LZ, Wang Y, Bowen BP, Deutschbauer AM, Arkin AP, Chakraborty R and Northen TR (2022) A Defined Medium for Cultivation and Exometabolite Profiling of Soil Bacteria. Front. Microbiol. 13:855331. DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2022.855331
Germination and seedling establishment for deep-flow hydroponics: The benefit of slant boards v2
Authors: not provided noah.langenfeld
Published: August 2022

Germination and seedling establishment for transplanting into hydroponics often uses porous substrates, but fine roots grow into these substrates, and they cannot be removed without damaging roots. Seedlings transplanted without removal of substrates can cause interactions with solution chemistry or addition of particulates to the nutrient solution. Germination of seeds on slant boards is clean, uniform, and reduces the time to transplanting. Slant boards facilitate long roots, which maximize exposure of the primary root to the nutrient solution after transplanting. The “boards” are made from thin acrylic or polycarbonate sheets with germination paper on top. Seeds are held in place by covering with thin paper before vertical placement of the boards in a container. Four to twelve days later, the seedlings with long roots can be removed from the paper without damage and transplanted into the hydroponic system. Here we describe slant board construction and procedures for rapid germination and transplanting.
Development of a simple and versatile in vitro method for production, stimulation, and analysis of bioengineered muscle v1
Authors: Wells-Cembrano Karen
Published: August 2022

In recent years, 3D in vitro modeling of human skeletal muscle has emerged as a subject of increasing interest, due to its applicability in basic studies or screening platforms. These models strive to recapitulate key features of muscle architecture and function, such as cell alignment, maturation, and contractility in response to stimuli. To this end, it is required to culture cells in biomimetic hydrogels suspended between two anchors. Currently available protocols are often complex to produce, have a high rate of breakage, or are not adapted to imaging and stimulation. Therefore, we sought to develop a simplified and reliable protocol, which still enabled versatility in the study of muscle function. In our method, we have used human immortalized myoblasts cultured in a hydrogel composed of MatrigelTM and fibrinogen, to create muscle strips suspended between two VELCROTM anchors. The resulting muscle constructs show a differentiated phenotype and contractile activity in response to electrical, chemical and optical stimulation. This activity is analyzed by two alternative methods, namely contraction analysis and calcium analysis with Fluo-4 AM. In all, our protocol provides an optimized version of previously published methods, enabling individual imaging of muscle bundles and straightforward analysis of muscle response with standard image analysis software. Although limited by the lack of co-culture with motor neurons, this system provides a start-to-finish guide on how to produce, validate, stimulate, and analyze bioengineered muscle. This ensures that the system can be quickly established by researchers with varying degrees of expertise, while maintaining reliability and similarity to native muscle.
Roboterprogrammierung mithilfe von AutomationML
Authors: Jakschik Malte , Kulenkötter Bernd , Hypki Alfred
Published: August 2022

Inmitten der Energiewende wird mit dem Leitprojekt H2Giga durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) die Weiterentwicklung der Wasserstoffproduktion fokussiert. Das Teilprojekt HyPLANT100 befasst sich mit der automatisiertenMontage von Elektrolyseanlagen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Konzept präsentiert, welches die AutomationML-basierte Konzeptionierung und Implementierung selbstkonfigurierender Roboterprogramme für die Elektrolyseurfertigung auf Basis eines Algorithmus beschreibt. Dieser generiert aus dem spezifischen Montageplan den Programmcode für die Robotersysteme.
The Scaling Potential of Experimental Knowledge in the Case of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab, Erfurt (Germany)
Authors: Kraaz Luise , Kopp Maria , Wunsch Maximilian , Plank-Wiedenbeck Uwe
Published: August 2022

Real-world labs hold the potential to catalyse rapid urban transformations through real-world experimentation. Characterised by a rather radical, responsive, and location-specific nature, real-world labs face constraints in the scaling of experimental knowledge. To make a significant contribution to urban transformation, the produced knowledge must go beyond the level of a building, street, or small district where real-world experiments are conducted. Thus, a conflict arises between experimental boundaries and the stimulation of broader implications. The challenges of scaling experimental knowledge have been recognised as a problem, but remain largely unexplained. Based on this, the article will discuss the applicability of the “typology of amplification processes” by Lam et al. (2020) to explore and evaluate the potential of scaling experimental knowledge from real-world labs. The application of the typology is exemplified in the case of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab. The Bauhaus.MobilityLab takes a unique approach by testing and developing cross-sectoral mobility, energy, and logistics solutions with a distinct focus on scaling knowledge and innovation. For this case study, different qualitative research techniques are combined according to “within-method triangulation” and synthesised in a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. The analysis of the Bauhaus.MobilityLab proves that the “typology of amplification processes” is useful as a systematic approach to identifying and evaluating the potential of scaling experimental knowledge.
STRENGTHENING CHINA'S GEOPOLITICAL POTENTIAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF CURRENT CHALLENGES
Authors:   State Tax University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chupriy Leonid
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the peculiarities of the development of China's geopolitical potential in the face of modern challenges. It is pointed out that today China is increasing its political, economic and cultural influence in the world. It is noted that China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, it has become the largest exporter in the world, while also increasing imports. Thus, the average growth of Chinese exports in recent decades has increased 5 times, and the growth of imports – 4.7 times. It is emphasized that in response to China's economic growth in the West and in some Asian countries, including Japan, the concept of the "Chinese threat" has emerged, not always taking into account the interests of other Asian countries. The peculiarities of the current foreign policy course of China are determined, in particular, it is noted that serious attention is still paid to relations with the great powers. Yes, Xi Jin Ping is in active contact with the United States, the European Union and India. Significant emphasis is placed on a balanced foreign policy course. Much attention is paid to the BRICS countries, including Russia, India and South Africa. China is also strengthening relations with developing countries. This is evidenced by Xi Jinping's visit to South Africa and the Caribbean. Much attention is paid to the Russian vector, which is aimed at jointly confronting the United States and NATO. It is emphasized that China's economic and geopolitical growth is also holding back a number of issues that need to be addressed. These are, first of all: incomplete transition to a market economy, excessive state intervention in the economy, in the banking sector, lack of rule of law, violation of human rights and freedoms, high dependence on exports, strong excess credit and growing debt, environmental problems.
The use of stimulation tests for the differential diagnosis of delayed puberty in boys. How to increase the specificity of the method?
Authors: Ioffe Irina Yu. , Skorodok Yulia L. , Plotnikova Elena V. , Nagornaya Irena I. , Nagovitsyna Ksenia O. , Jelenina Lyudmila A.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: In patients with a constitutional delay of puberty starts and ends completely without any medical intervention. In adolescents with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism puberty is absent or does not continue its development. Differential diagnosis of the conditions is complicated due to lack of standard recommendations for the selection, conducting and assessment of stimulation tests.

AIM: To assess the information content and find ways to increase the specificity of stimulation tests with triptorelin and corionic gonadotropin in relation to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 44 adolescent boys aged 13.517 years with delayed puberty. Sexual development was assessed according to Tanner scale, bone age (X-ray of the non-dominant hand according to the Greulich atlas). All boys were tested with triptorelin. The test with one- and three-day intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin was performed in 26 and 35 patients, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the StatTech v. 2.6.1 (developer Stattech LLC, Russia). To assess the diagnostic significance of quantitative signs in predicting a certain outcome the ROC-curve analysis was performed.

RESULTS: It was revealed that a negative test with triptorelin was observed in some patients with constitutional delay of puberty. Threshold stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels were set (8.90 and 5.90 IU/l respectively). Gonadotropins values equal to or lower than selected thresholds allow diagnosing of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with high sensitivity and specificity. Threshold testosterone levels stimulated by one- and three-day administration of human chorionic gonadotropin were determined (2.11 and 5.84 nmol/l respectively). Testosterone values equal to or lower than selected thresholds allow diagnosing of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with high sensitivity and specificity. A high degree of positive correlation was found between stimulated luteinizing hormone levels and stimulated testosterone levels during a three-day test with human chorionic gonadotropin.

CONCLUSIONS: A negative test with triptorelin is observed in some patients with constitutional delay of puberty. The specificity of the test can be improved by using threshold stimulated levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (8.90 and 5.90 IU/L, respectively). The use of the threshold levels of testosterone (2.11 and 5.84 nmol/l within the one- and three-day functional tests of the testicles respectively) can help to increase the specificity of the considered outdated stimulation tests with human chorionic gonadotropin.
Physical therapy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: dynamics of the course of the disease
Authors: Suslov Vasiliy M. , Lieberman Larisa N. , Suslova Galina A. , Bure Natalia P. , Adulas Elena I. , Rudenko Dmitry I.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most severe and common form among childhood muscular dystrophies, characterized by a progressive course. One of the main measures to slow down the rate of progression of the disease is physiotherapy, but now there are no recommendations to identify the optimal motor regimen, which is effective and safe for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regular dynamic aerobic exercise in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who are capable of independent movement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 15 patients with genetically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 4,9 to 9,0 years (mean age 6,9 years) who did not participate in rehabilitation programs with exercise therapy for 6 months prior to inclusion in the study. All patients underwent a course of physical therapy, the duration of the course was 4 months, the course was divided into 2 stages: preparatory stage (individual cardiac functional reserve 5160% with the number of repetitions of each exercise 68 times) and training stage (individual cardiac functional reserve 6170% with the number of repetitions each exercise 1012 times) The duration of the training was 60 minutes. At the baseline and during dynamic observation after 2 and 4 months, the following were evaluated: 6-minute walk test, timed function test (time to stand from supine, running 10 m, time to climb and descent 4 stairs).

RESULTS: Statistically significant positive dynamics was revealed: the average values of the distance of the 6-minute walk at the baseline were 478,2 10,1 m, then 489,5 11,4 m (p 0.05) after 2 months and 502,6 10,7 m (p 0.005) after 4 months. The average values of the time to stand from supine at the baseline was 3,7 0,2 sec., after 2 months 3,5 0,2 sec. (p 0.08), after 4 months 3,5 0,2 sec. (p 0.05). Mean values of time to run 10 m at baseline 4,3 0,1 sec., after 2 months 4,1 0,2 sec. (p 0,05), and after 4 months 4,1 0,1 sec. (p 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the regular performance of aerobic physical therapy exercises without weights in combination with training on an exercise bike can increase endurance and speed in ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
A generalised machine learning model based on multinomial logistic regression and frequency features for rolling bearing fault classification
Authors: Kiakojouri A , Lu Z , Mirring P , Powrie H , Wang Ling
Published: August 2022

Intelligent fault classification of rolling element bearings (REBs) using machine learning (ML) techniques increases the reliability of industrial assets. One of the main issues associated with ML model development is the lack of training data and, most importantly, the ability of models
to be used for applications without specific training data, ie the generalisation capability of models. This study investigates the feasibility of using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) as generalised ML models for rolling element bearing fault classification without the requirement of
training data for new bearing designs and varied machine operations. This has been achieved by using bearing characteristic frequencies (BCFs) as inputs to the MLR models extracted by a newly developed hybrid method. The new method combines cepstrum pre-whitening (CPW) and full-band enveloping,
which can effectively identify the BCFs in vibration data from various machines. This paper presents the methods of the feature extraction and the development of generalised ML models for REBs based on data from the EU Clean Sky 2 I2BS project1. This model is then validated
by data from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and the Society for Machinery Failure Prevention Technology (MFPT), available in the public domain without further training.
Anomaly detection-based condition monitoring
Authors: Káš M , Wamba F F
Published: August 2022

The impact of an anomaly is domain-dependent. In a dataset of network activities, an anomaly can imply an intrusion attack. Other objectives of anomaly detection are industrial damage detection, data leak prevention, identifying security vulnerabilities or military surveillance. Anomalies
are observations or a sequence of observations in which the distribution deviates remarkably from the general distribution of the whole dataset. A large majority of the dataset consists of normal (healthy) data points. The anomalies form only a very small part of the dataset. Anomaly detection
is the technique used to find these observations and its methods are specific to the type of data. While there is a wide spectrum of anomaly detection approaches available today, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of all the techniques. In fact, it is not clear which of the three
categories of detection methods, ie statistical approaches, machine learning approaches or deep learning approaches, is more appropriate to detect anomalies in time-series data, which are mainly used in industry. A typical industrial device has multi-dimensional characteristics. It is possible
to measure voltage, current, active power, vibrations, rotational speed, temperature, pressure difference, etc, on such a device. Early detection of the anomalous behaviour of industrial devices can help reduce or prevent serious damage, which could lead to significant financial loss. This
paper presents a summary of the methods used to detect anomalies in condition monitoring applications.
El impacto de subsidios inteligentes en la producción agrícola: evidencia innovadora de Argentina utilizando datos de encuesta y de teledetección
Authors: Schling Maja , Pazos Nicolás
Published: August 2022

Este estudio evalúa el impacto del Programa de Desarrollo Rural y Agricultura Familiar (PRODAF), un proyecto de subsidios inteligentes que benefició al estrato de agricultores familiares en el noreste de Argentina. La evaluación aprovecha dos fuentes complementarias de datos. La primera es una encuesta de hogares agrícolas con una muestra de 898 productores (534 tratados y 364 control) después de la finalización del proyecto. La segunda utiliza la georreferenciación de las parcelas para medir los rendimientos agrícolas con datos satelitales para una submuestra de 195 productores durante un periodo de 10 años. Utilizando la metodología de Inverse Probability Weighting, encontramos que el PRODAF aumentó la tasa de adopción de tecnologías en 21 puntos porcentuales, e incrementó el acceso a crédito en 47 puntos porcentuales. Superar estas barreras permitió a los productores beneficiarios aumentar el valor de sus ventas e ingresos netos, aunque los impactos fueron dispares entre las cuatro cadenas priorizadas. En cambio, el análisis solo detectó un impacto significativo en los rendimientos para la cadena citrícola, lo cual potencialmente se debe al tipo de tecnología adoptada en esta cadena. Por último, construimos el ndice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) para aproximar la productividad en las cadenas algodonera y citrícola. Aplicando el método de Event Study, confirmamos que la adopción de tecnologías es un proceso complejo que solo desarrolla su impacto completo sobre los rendimientos entre el segundo y tercer año post-tratamiento. Además, confirmamos que el uso de datos satelitales es una herramienta efectiva que estima cambios en los rendimientos con precisión y puede servir para monitorear y evaluar este tipo de intervención de forma contemporánea y a bajo costo.