bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis between Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications and Updated Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide Climate Database in the State of Tennessee
Authors: Ziedan Abubakr , Onyango Mbakisya , Wu Weidong , Udeh Sampson , Owino Joseph , Fomunung Ignatius
Published: May 2019

The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide addresses climate effects on pavement design in a comprehensive way, which allows for investigating the effect of climate on pavement performance. However, it requires detailed climate inputs, which might not be readily available for most of the state departments of transportation. The AASHTOWare Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical Design (PMED) version 2.3 (v2.3) climate database encompasses 12 weather stations in the state of Tennessee, which does not satisfactorily represent all climatic regions in the state. The terrain in Tennessee varies from flat in the west to mountainous in the east. To evaluate the effectiveness of the updated AASHTOWare PMED v2.3 climate data input, this study analyses the performance of selected pavements in the state of Tennessee using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the AASHTOWare PMED v2.3 databases as sources of PMED climate data inputs. A comparative analysis of the two climate data sources is conducted using eight long-term pavement performance (LTPP) sites in the state of Tennessee. The study revealed that MERRA as a climate data source for the state of Tennessee offers better geographic coverage, and therefore provides more precise distress predictions than the AASHTOWare PMED v2.3 climate database.
Is Additive Utility Function Always a Sufficient Method in the Project Prioritization Process? Bridge Management Perspective
Authors: Kalan Onur , Kurkcu Abdullah , Ozbay Kaan
Published: May 2019

The prioritization of maintenance activities in bridges has great importance in bridge asset management systems as they are mentioned in MAP-21. One of the most commonly used prioritization methodologies in bridge management systems is multi-attribute utility theory process. In this study, the problem is defined as using the additive functional form in this process without testing additive independence (AI) assumption, which is one of the properties of multi-attribute utility theory. This study aims to emphasize the strength of the use of multiplicative functional forms when the multiplicative form is proven to be more appropriate by AI assumption test. To demonstrate this vital point, mathematical expressions are derived for the feasible regions of indifference curves. Then, the optimum region for both additive and multiplicative approaches are calculated using these analytical expressions to demonstrate the difference between the two relation to maximizing utility. This comparison is aimed at preventing suboptimal decisions because of the use of the additive approach when the multiplicative approach is more representative of the actual decision-making process. The relevance of this claim is also demonstrated using a simple hypothetical scenario. Findings of the paper provide valuable insights to decision makers and policy makers about the importance of choosing the most appropriate functional form for utility functions employed in a prioritization. We hope that policy makers at state departments of transportation will use the comparative analysis of the effect of utility functions on the final project selection process presented in this paper as part of their routine decision-making process.
Safety Assessment of Two-Lane Highway using a Combined Proactive and Reactive Approach: Case Study from Indian National Highways
Authors: Chatterjee Sudipa , Mitra Sudeshna
Published: May 2019

In India, approximately 30% of road accident fatalities occur on two-lane rural roads. Thus research focused on identifying risk factors on this road type is of immense interest to most of the road agencies. Although these highways are more hazardous and account for more severe crashes, there is a lack of scientific safety assessment of such highways compared with multi-lane highways. Proactive approaches, such as road safety audit, have been widely adopted by the government of India to reduce crash frequency and severity on highways. However, an effective road safety management program should exercise an optimal balance between reactive and proactive strategies to identify potential hazards and treat already existing hazardous sites. Through a case study on two two-lane highways, several risk factors were identified using the principles of road safety audit, and were mapped with the available crash data analysis to develop a risk matrix. This risk matrix was found to be helpful in the selection of countermeasure design in a more scientific way, targeting the frequent crash types and severities expected to result at the high crash sites. Finally, it was observed that integrating the findings from reactive analysis with proactive safety management is more beneficial, since they are methodically proven with historical crash records and provide the knowledge of plausible safety hazards at sites where similar features exist. The proposed methodology could be adopted by road agencies in India and other developing countries for effective proactive safety planning.
Developing Large Slab Airport Runways for the Next Century
Authors: Roswurm Stephen J. , Ramseyer Chris
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this research was to determine whether shrinkage-compensating concrete (SCC) made with Type K cement can create durable airport runways with fewer joints and reduced maintenance costs. The primary criterion examined was the ability of SCC to offset the effects of early-age drying shrinkage when the concrete is acted upon by external restraint. The interaction of restraint with SCC is important because restraint resists the expansive behavior that provides shrinkage compensation. Four sets of experiments were conducted, with increasing levels of Type K expansive mineral additive in each set. A set of test specimens consisted of four-inch diameter restrained columns. Each set consisted of three columns with varying degrees of stiffness in the restraint frame, including low, medium, and high-restraint stiffness. The medium-restraint column provides the theoretical response of new pavement cast against a mature slab, whereas the other two bracket the problem. The column specimens were instrumented using vibrating wire strain gages, which were embedded in the concrete, and load cells, which were affixed to the top of the columns. This research concludes that SCC can be effective even with a stiff boundary condition, and that SCC provides the potential for much longer-lasting airport runway slabs, as a result of reduced shrinkage and therefore fewer cracks.
Commensuration, compromises and critical capacities: Wage determination in collective firms
Authors: Pohler Nina
Published: May 2019

This article analyses pay determination as a process of commensuration as well as a process in which commensuration can fail. The analysis is based on an empirical study of two collective firms in Germany and the United Kingdom and their attempts to self-determine fair pay. Due to the formal equality of members and their democratic decision-making processes, these cases are a specifically interesting context for studying the determination of pay. Through the analysis of a failed attempt at finding a formula for fair pay, as well as a fragile compromise formula, a contribution is made to the literature on commensuration and the construction of compromises. The article also extends this literature by explaining the obstacles to the creation of a compromise that would go beyond the need for a common interest. Callon and Muniesa’s work on calculation is used to clarify the steps that are necessary to move from questions of worth to the assessment of worth and its expression in measures. To introduce the question of legitimacy in evaluation processes, Callon and Muniesa’s framework is supplemented with Boltanski and Thévenot’s work on critical capacities.
Internet Interventions for Adults with Anxiety and Mood Disorders: A Narrative Umbrella Review of Recent Meta-Analyses
Authors: Andersson Gerhard , Carlbring Per , Titov Nickolai , Lindefors Nils
Published: May 2019

Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) has existed for 20 years and there are now several controlled trials for a range of problems. In this paper, we focused on recent meta-analytic reviews of the literature and found moderate to large effects reported for panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and major depression. In total, we reviewed 9 recent meta-analytic reviews out of a total of 618 meta-analytic reviews identified using our search terms. In these selected reviews, 166 studies were included, including overlap in reviews on similar conditions. We also covered a recent review on transdiagnostic treatments and 2 reviews on face-to-face v. internet treatment. The growing number of meta-analytic reviews of studies now suggests that ICBT works and can be as effective as face-to-face therapy.
Dialectics of Classicism: The birth of Nazism from the spirit of Classicism
Authors: Redner Harry
Published: May 2019

This article is an attempt to revise and extend two prior conceptions: Adorno and Horkheimer’s dialectic of Enlightenment and Murphy and Robert’s dialectic of Romanticism. It traces a developmental trajectory within German Kultur, starting around the mid-18th century, that goes through three moments or phases: the Grecophilia of Goethe and Schiller, the Grecomania of Hölderlin, Schelling and early Hegel, and the Grecogermania of Wagner, Nietzsche and Heidegger. The latter provided the ideological underpinning of Hitler’s Nazism. Thus the paper aims to show that Nazism had deep roots within the soil of German Kultur, for almost from the very start Classicism and anti-Semitism were integral aspects of the one cultural movement. Furthermore, this movement was the one surrogate form of a Neo-Pagan and anti-Christian trend in German modernity.
Perceptions of School Shooters Depend on Prior Criminal Record but Not Targeted Age Group
Authors: Jackson Jourdan R. , Bennion Kelly A.
Published: May 2019

Individuals with a prior criminal record are viewed more negatively than those with a clean record, which is often exemplified in harsher sentencing, higher risk assessment ratings, and higher psychopathy ratings. However, what has not yet been explored is whether the age of the targeted victim population (children vs. adults) affects these perceptions. Given that school shooting incidents are a current societal issue, this study aimed to investigate whether the presence of a prior criminal record and age of the victim population affect decisions regarding school shooting offenders. Participants were exposed to school shooting vignettes describing the offender (prior criminal record vs. not) and targeted victims (children vs. adults). They were asked to determine an appropriate sentence and rate the offender’s risk of future violence and psychopathy score. Violence risk ratings (measured by the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 [HCR-20]) and psychopathy ratings (measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised [PCL-R]) depended on the presence of a prior criminal record, such that those with a prior criminal record were perceived as a greater violence risk and as exhibiting more psychopathic traits than their clean-record counterparts. However, punishment severity did not depend on prior criminal record. Likewise, age group of the targeted population had no effect on participants’ perceptions of school shooting offenders. These findings contribute to our knowledge of how offender- and incident-specific factors affect perceptions, which has important implications for understanding which factors affect impartiality within our criminal justice system.
Changes in Risk Perception After Sexual Victimization: Are We Following the Right Track?
Authors: de Waal Marleen M. , Christ Carolien , Messman Terri L. , Dekker Jack J. M.
Published: May 2019

Sexual abuse is a major public health concern with detrimental effects on both mental and physical health. Several studies have reported that victims of sexual abuse have a decreased ability to recognize risk in potentially threatening situations compared with nonvictims, although others were not able to replicate this finding. In addition, although emotion dysregulation has been linked to risk perception and sexual victimization, results have been contradictory. To strengthen the theoretical framework needed for the development of interventions to reduce women’s likelihood of sexual assault, it is crucial to further examine the role of emotion dysregulation in relation to sexual victimization history and risk perception. The aim of the current study was to examine cross-sectional associations between sexual victimization, emotion regulation difficulties, and risk perception. In our sample of 276 female college students, 40% reported lifetime sexual victimization, 14% reported recent sexual victimization, and 12% reported childhood sexual abuse. In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find risk perception to be related to lifetime sexual victimization, childhood sexual victimization, or recent sexual victimization. In addition, we did not find evidence for the expected relationship between sexual victimization, risk perception, and emotion regulation difficulties. The discussion of the current study specifically highlights the need for a clear conceptualization of risk perception and provides recommendations for future studies. More sophisticated measurement methods could lead to a higher applicability of findings to real-life situations. The potential relationships between victimization, risk perception, and emotion dysregulation need further clarification to reach the ultimate goal of contributing to the prevention of victimization.
Fabrication of silica-modified zeolite-based polysulfone nanocomposite membranes: Enhanced thermal, mechanical, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Muntha Sedra Tul , Ambreen Jaweria , Siddiq Muhammad , Naeem Hina , Muhammad Saz , Khan Anum
Published: May 2019

In this study, polysulfone (PSf) nanocomposite membranes (NCM) have been fabricated by reinforcement with silica-modified zeolite (SiO2-MZ) and polyimide (PI)-SiO2-MZ as inorganic nanocomposite (NC) fillers. To evaluate the improvement in structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of PSf matrix, these nanofillers were incorporated systematically from 1 wt% to 10 wt%. Morphological analysis using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy shows better compatibility between PI-SiO2-MZ as the inorganic nanofiller and polymer matrix as compared to SiO2-MZ filler. Physical characteristics of NCMs were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The appropriate ratio of PI-SiO2-MZ as nanofiller in PSf matrix was found through structural analysis. Thermal analysis using differential scanning calorimetry revealed an increase in glass transition temperature ( Tg) with increasing filler concentration. Young’s modulus of PSf/SiO2-MZ NCM (10 wt%) was found to be 1109 MPa, which was improved to 1438 MPa for PSf/PI-SiO2-MZ (10 wt%) NCM. Membrane properties like swelling degree and porosity were also calculated. The degree of swelling of NCMs decreases with decrease in the hydrophilicity of the solvent. Antibacterial properties of NCMs were explored against four bacterial strains namely Klebsella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Good antibacterial activities were obtained for PSf membranes reinforced with PSf/PI-SiO2-MZ NC filler.
Improvement of cutting force and material removal rate for disc milling TC17 blisk tunnels using GRA–RBF–PSO method
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shi Yaoyao
Published: May 2019

Blisk is a key component of new aero-engines. To improve machining efficiency, disc milling is used for roughing blisk tunnels. The multi-objective optimization is employed to optimize disc milling process. In this study, an integration-based approach that used grey relational analysis (GRA) coupled with radial basis function (RBF) neural network and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to solve the optimization problem. To achieve smaller cutting force and greater material removal rate (MRR), the appropriate cutting speed, feed rate per tooth, and cutting height needed to be determined. A hybrid experiment scheme of three factors–five levels is carried out to generate data sample. Results of verified experiments indicate that GRA–RBF–PSO approach can improve performance better than original GRA.
Cancer patients’ perspectives on dignity in care
Authors: Bagherian Samaneh , Sharif Farkhondeh , Zarshenas Ladan , Torabizadeh Camellia , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Izadpanahi Payam
Published: May 2019

Background:

Since “dignity” is one of the fundamental rights of every patient, consideration for patients’ dignity is essential. Unfortunately, in many cases, especially in cancer patients, dignity is not fully respected. Dignity is an abstract concept, and there are only a few comprehensive studies on the dignity of cancer patients in Iran.

Research objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the perception of Iranian cancer patients on human dignity.

Research design:

A qualitative research approach was used as the study design. The data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method.

Participants and research context:

 This study was conducted on cancer patients in internal medicine wards in Iran. The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews from May 2017 to February 2018.

Ethical considerations:

The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of medical universities located in Southwest of Iran. The ethical principles were carefully followed throughout the study.

Findings:

Based on the results of the interviews, 3 main themes and 11 categories were determined. The main themes were identified as the “personal space and privacy,” “respect for human values,” and “moral support.”

Discussion:

The results of the present study showed the necessity of care for cancer patients in a respectful manner. The key elements in such care were the preservation of their personal space and privacy, respect for their values, and the provision of adequate moral support. These measures will have a positive effect on the perception of such patients on human dignity.

Conclusion:

Considering the special care required by cancer patients, the Iranian healthcare and hygiene managers should design and implement a care plan that includes the ethical principles related to human dignity.
Knowledge and Practice Survey on Zika Virus Infection Among General Adults in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Chaw Li Ling , Tuah Nik Anni Afiqah , Idris Fazean Irdayati , Wong Yun Yaw Justin , Naing Lin
Published: May 2019

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices on Zika virus infection among general adults in Brunei Darussalam. From February to June 2017, 439 adults were interviewed from outpatient health care settings. Most participants were Malays (87.0%) and females (61.5%), with a mean age of 40.7 years. Only 25.1% had a total knowledge score of 15 to 28 points (of a possible score of 0-28). Females and those living in households of <8 people were more likely to have higher total knowledge scores (15-28 points). Media was the preferred source to get updates. Also, 67.4% had a total prevention practice score of 19 to 36 points (of a possible score of 0-36). Those who attained secondary level education or below, had no pregnant women present in their household, and scored 15 to 28 points for knowledge were more likely to have higher prevention practice scores (19-36 points). Knowledge on Zika was significantly associated with prevention practices against mosquito bites and breeding.
The Manifestation of Spirituality in Special Education Leaders
Authors: Waters Merritt F. , Hackney Catherine E.
Published: May 2019

The challenges of special education leadership require both inspiration and capacity. This qualitative study of a purposeful sample of members of a Midwestern special education professional organization explores how leaders in special education experience spirituality in their work—creating meaning, leading/supporting others, and coping with workplace demands. In response to internal and external struggles, analysis of interviews and journal entries shows spiritually inclined special education leaders cultivate a sense of gratitude, which flows into a cycle with trust. This choice leads to fulfilled feelings from enacting their values, rich collaboration, and success with integrating work into a balanced life. These findings suggest that prospective and current special education leaders can benefit from engaging in a spiritual perspective toward work.
Effects of aging on motor control strategies during bimanual isometric force control
Authors: Jin Yan , Seong JiWon , Cho YoungChae , Yoon BumChul
Published: May 2019

Aging-induced degeneration of the neuromuscular system would result in deteriorated complex muscle force coordination and difficulty in executing daily activities that require both hands. The aim of this study was to provide a basic description of how aging and dual-task activity would affect the motor control strategy during bimanual isometric force control in healthy adults. In total, 17 young adults (aged 25.1 ± 2.4 years) and 14 older adults (aged 72.6 ± 3.4 years) participated in the study. The subjects were instructed to press both hands simultaneously to match the 1 Hz sine curve force under two conditions (with or without calculation) with continuous visual feedback. Differences in bimanual motor synergy, bimanual coordination, force accuracy, force variability, and calculation speed were compared. This study found that the specific motor control strategy of older adults involved a decreased bimanual force control ability with both increased VUCM and VORT, and was not influenced by dual tasking. These findings might have implications for establishing interventions for aging-induced hand force control deficits.
Childhood Exposure to Partner Violence as a Moderator of Current Partner Violence and Negative Parenting
Authors: Hasselle Amanda J. , Howell Kathryn H. , Thurston Idia B. , Kamody Rebecca C. , Crossnine Candice B.
Published: May 2019

This study examined the interactive effect of mothers’ exposure to caregiver intimate partner violence (IPV) during childhood and the amount of violence experienced with a current partner on negative parenting practices. Mothers ( N = 119) were recruited from community sites serving individuals experiencing IPV. Findings indicated that the following childhood IPV exposure variables moderated the association between current IPV severity and negative parenting practices: total types of IPV witnessed ( B = 0.01, t = 2.65, p < .01), witnessing sexual IPV ( B = 0.02, t = 2.16, p < .05), and witnessing psychological IPV ( B = 0.03, t = 2.79, p < .01). Results highlight the intergenerational effect of violence and the importance of addressing trauma across the family system.
Early versus late switch: How long should we extend the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in unresponsive diabetic macular edema patients?
Authors: Hernández Martínez Adrian , Pereira Delgado Ernesto , Silva Silva Guillermo , Castellanos Mateos Luis , Lorente Pascual José , Lainez Villa Julian , García Vicente Paula , Almeida-González Carmen-Victoria
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To compare the results of early versus late switch to the dexamethasone intravitreal implant Ozurdex® in patients with diabetic macular edema who had a poor response to vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.

Methods:

Retrospective and single-center study conducted, in a real setting, on consecutive diabetic macular edema patients who were switch to an intravitreal dexamethasone implant after a poor response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Study sample was divided into two groups: (1) early-switch group, included those eyes who received three anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections before switch and (2) late-switch group, included those eyes that received six or more anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections before switch. The primary end-point was the difference in mean change in best-corrected visual acuity and in central subfoveal thickness.

Results:

A total of 69 (31 early-switch group and 38 late-switch group) eyes were included. In the early-switch group, median (25–75 quartile range) best-corrected visual acuity significantly increase from 0.2 (0.2–0.5) at baseline to 0.4 (0.3 –0.7) at month 24 (p = 0.0043). Whereas, in the late-switch group, best-corrected visual acuity did not increase (p = 0.8602). Central subfoveal thickness was significantly reduced in both early- and late-switch groups, p = 0.0002 and 0.0038, respectively. The proportion of eyes obtaining a central subfoveal thickness reduction ⩾ 10% was significantly greater in the early-switch group than in the late-switch group (71.0% vs 47.4%, respectively, p = 0.0498). Three (9.7%) and 10 (26.3%) eyes have developed ocular hypertension during the study in the early- and late-switch groups, respectively, p = 0.0816.

Conclusion:

Early switch to Ozurdex in patients who did not adequately respond to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy provided better functional and anatomical outcomes.
Corneal sterile infiltration induced by topical use of ocular hypotensive agent
Authors: Manabe Yusuke , Sawada Akira , Mochizuki Kiyofumi
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

To report two cases with corneal sterile infiltration presumably due to topical ocular hypotensive agent.

Method:

Case report.

Results:

Case 1: A 65-year-old man presented with corneal opacity and neovascularization in his left eye. A diagnosis of glaucoma was made 2 years previously, and anti-glaucoma agents were prescribed (brimonidine tartrate, ripasudil hydrochloride hydrate, and brinzolamide) for both eyes. Case 2: A 75-year-old woman noticed corneal opacity in the left eye. A diagnosis of glaucoma was made 35 years previously, and anti-glaucoma agents were prescribed (brimonidine tartrate, 1% dorzolamide, and bimatoprost) for both eyes. In both cases, ocular examination revealed follicular conjunctivitis and blepharitis in both eyes, and corneal sterile infiltration with neovascularization in the left eyes. The three topical drugs were discontinued and replaced with 0.1% fluorometholone. Both the blepharitis and corneal sterile infiltration improved thereafter, although corneal opacity remained across the stromal layer.

Conclusion:

We encountered two cases of corneal and conjunctival complications that were suspected as side effects after brimonidine eye drop use. Special care should be taken to observe the condition of ocular surface when topical brimonidine is administered.
HN Cementless HIP System. Results on 320 Cases with Average 2 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Henry F. , Negre J.
Published: May 2019

The study of any cementless hip system is essentially based on three concepts: initial stability, secondary biological stability and factors regarding the reliability of this stability.

Initial Stability relies on optimal bone fill with press-fit support on the cortical bone. For the acetabular component, this is best achieved with a hemispherical form. Femoral support is assured by a triple cortical contact in the metaphyseal zone. A triple support requires a stem with a sagittal bow.

Secondary stability must account for a compromise between fixation and extractability. The sand-blasted titanium surface provides this possibility. Bone on-growth produces a sheath around the metal, similar to cement, from the fourth week onwards.

Reliability. Reliabe stability of the a cetabular cup is favored by the hemispherical form of the s hell and the ample thickness of polyethylene which distribute adverse forces. Femur stability is provided through pure metaphyseal fixation. Metaphysodiaphyseal fixation often becomes plain diaphyseal fixation with all its inherent problems.

Initial results with a minimum follow-up of one year (320 cases with an average follow-up of 2 years) seem to confirm the efficient nature of the biological fixation by the total absence of pain. Only the future will tell us if our concepts are entirely effective.
Ender Nailing versus Nail-Plate Fixation in the Treatment of Trochanteric Femoral Fractures
Authors: Greco F. , De Palma L. , Specchia N. , Rizzi L. , Gigante A.
Published: May 2019

The increasing incidence of lateral fractures of the femoral neck, which is related to increased longevity and incidence of osteoporosis, has renewed the need to investigate the problems involved in the treatment of these fractures and their complications. A retrospective study was carried out with the aim of comparing the results of two methods used in the treatment of trochanteric fractures: Ender nailing and Jewett nail-plate fixation. The results showed that outcome and survival are related to the state of health of the patient. A greater failure rate was observed in patients treated with Ender nailing than in patients treated with nail-plate fixation. Complications are mainly due to insufficiency of mechanical synthesis and erroneous surgical techniques. The results of this study confirm the need to focus on the biological aspects of treatment rather than the mechanical aspects of the fracture.
Two Cases of Ochronotic Arthropathy
Authors: Andreacchio A. , Molinari G.P. , Oreste P.L.
Published: May 2019

Phenylketonuria is a congenital inborn error of metabolism of phenylalanine hydroxylase. Characteristic arthrosis called ochronotic arthropathy is localized at main joints. The Authors present two cases of ochronotic arthropathy. Clinical and radiological features are described.
The Porous-Coated Anatomic (PCA) Total Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Farsetti P. , Caterini R. , Barletta V. , Guarnieri A. E. , Ippolito E.
Published: May 2019

Thirty uncemented porous-coated anatomic (PCA) total hip prostheses were implanted in 27 patients. The average age at the time of surgery was 54 years, and the average follow-up was 4.5 years.

The average hip rating score was 88 points. Three patients had thigh pain at follow-up and fifteen had a mild limp, related to a weakness of the gluteus medius and minimus. On radiographic examination, we observed a good bone ingrowth of the implant in all patients. No aseptic loosening was radiographically demonstrated. No relationship was found between pain in the thigh and the various radiographic parameters studied (ra-diodense lines, sclerosis, varus position of the stem).
Stelae from ancient India: Pondering anew through historical empathy for diversity
Authors: Pio Edwina , Syed Jawad
Published: May 2019

Diversity management is generally considered to be rooted in activism, legislation and scholarship in Europe and North America. In this article, we draw on the notion of historical empathy to analyse and highlight an Eastern legacy, specifically Aśokan (273–232 BC) stelae, for management learning on diversity. Thus, we encourage pondering anew on history based on Aśokan teachings in ancient India, via dhamma (affective connection) and governance (perspective taking). We contribute to an emerging scholarship which uses history for management learning, and we do this through elaborating on the concept of historical empathy. Moreover, we reveal how an Eastern legacy may enable the (re)construction of the present in contemporary organisations which exist in the interstices of history, politics, gender and diversity. Through our analysis, we develop a matrix, which integrates historical empathy with dhamma, governance and historical contextualisation to provide implications for learning in the field of diversity.
The uses and abuses of victimhood nationalism in international politics
Authors: Lerner Adam B.
Published: May 2019

Contemporary populist movements have inspired political pundits in various contexts to opine on the resurgence of victimhood culture, in which groups demonstrate heightened sensitivity to slights and attempt to evoke sympathy from third parties to their conflicts. Although reference to victimhood’s politics oftentimes surfaces examples of egregious microaggressions, when victimhood claims are scaled up to the realm of nationalisms, oftentimes so too are their consequences. Current literature on victimhood in international politics, though, lacks a unifying theorisation suitable for the comparative analysis of victimhood nationalisms as important identities in the international arena. This gap prevents scholarship from investigating how the severity of perceived or real suffering relates to the formation of victimhood, as well as how victimhood nationalisms legitimize the projection of grievances onto third parties, potentially sowing new conflicts. This article theorises victimhood nationalism as a powerful identity narrative with two key constitutive elements. First, drawing on the narrative identity approach, it outlines how victimhood nationalisms are constructed via narrations of perceived or real collective trauma. Second, it argues that victimhood nationalist narratives, unlike other narratives of collective trauma, break down the idealized victim–perpetrator relationship and project grievances onto otherwise uninvolved international actors, including other nation-states. The article concludes by offering comparative case studies of Slobodan Milošević’s and David Ben-Gurion’s respective invocations of victimhood nationalism to illustrate the empirical applicability of this theorization, as well as victimhood nationalism’s importance in international politics across time and space.
Immigration and right-wing populism: An origin story
Authors: Shehaj Albana , Shin Adrian J , Inglehart Ronald
Published: May 2019

Previous studies of right-wing populist (RWP) parties primarily investigate how domestic factors as well as external forces, such as immigration, incite the emergence and electoral success of RWP parties. Studies examining the link between migration and far-right support have found mixed empirical results, using various measures of immigration. In this article, we construct our own measures of immigration that highlight the economic and cultural dimensions of migrant-sending states in relation to migrant-receiving states. Our empirical analysis of 15 Western European countries uses these measures to examine whether the economic and cultural characteristics of migrant-sending states can enhance RWP success in wealthy, advanced democracies. We find some evidence that relatively large economic and cultural differences between natives and immigrants are conducive to RWP support in Western European countries. But the findings suggest that future research should identify and examine other factors that strengthen or undermine the extent to which RWP parties can make electoral gains by focusing on immigration.
Organisation of preventive child health services: Key to socio-economic equity in vaccine uptake?
Authors: Arat Arzu , Norredam Marie , Baum Ulrike , Jónsson Stefán Hrafn , Gunlaugsson Geir , Wallby Thomas , Hjern Anders
Published: May 2019

Background: Measles has made a comeback in Western Europe, with more cases being reported each year. One factor behind this development is low vaccination coverage in socially disadvantaged segments of the population in many countries. This study investigates whether socioeconomic patterns of uptake of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the Nordic countries differ by national organisation of preventive health services for children. Methods: MMR vaccine uptake before the age of two years was analysed in register data from Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden, linked to family indicators of socio-economic status (SES) from national registers. Results: Denmark, a country where child vaccinations are administered by general practitioners, presented the lowest overall coverage of MMR at 83%. It also had the greatest difference between subpopulations of low and high SES at 14 percentage points. Finland, Iceland and Sweden, countries where preschool children are vaccinated in ‘well-baby’ clinics, had a higher overall coverage at 91–94%, with a more equal distribution between SES groups at 1–4 percentage points. Conclusions: This study suggests that the organisation of preventive health care in special units, ‘well-baby’ clinics, facilitates vaccine uptake among children with low SES in a Nordic welfare context.
Frameworks and Theories Relevant for Organizing Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children/Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Proposed Frameworks to Conceptualize Vulnerabilities
Authors: Franchino-Olsen Hannabeth
Published: May 2019

The commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) and domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) are abusive and exploitative practices occurring to children and youth across the United States. Prevention efforts should understand the factors that increase vulnerability and how these factors interact to eventually lead to exploitation. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these factors is best done within relevant frameworks and models. This review summarizes proposed frameworks for these vulnerabilities as collected via a systematic literature review. Fifteen studies capturing 12 frameworks or theories were selected for inclusion having met the following criteria: original research studies published in English from January 2010 to September 2017 with titles or abstracts that indicated a focus on the risk factors, vulnerabilities, or statistics of CSEC/DMST; a domestic focus on CSEC/DMST (for U.S.-based journals) with findings that did not combine associations between minors and adults in the study; and inclusion or mention of frameworks or theories which considered potential vulnerabilities prior to exploitation. Highly applicable frameworks include the life-course perspective, ecological model, multilevel model, ecodevelopment model, traumagenic factors, and general strain theory. Others found by this review include the age-graded theory of informal social control, career criminal paradigm, revictimization theory, an economic model, feminist theory, and a rights-based model. By mapping known risk factors to their appropriate place in the reviewed and relevant frameworks, this article seeks to enhance our understanding of the connections between and mechanisms of these risk factors, while also clarifying areas where prevention efforts can be targeted.
Preoperative Abdominal Computed Tomography at Rest and During Valsalva’s Maneuver to Evaluate Incisional Hernias
Authors: Bellio Gabriele , Cipolat Mis Tommaso , Del Giudice Roberto , Munegato Gabriele
Published: May 2019

Background. Incisional hernias (IHs) can develop in up to 15% of patients who underwent an abdominal surgical procedure. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) is the best examination to evaluate these patients before surgical repair. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of the abdominal CT scan during Valsalva’s maneuver in patients who are candidates for surgery. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis conducted on prospectively recorded data was performed on 26 consecutive patients affected by IHs who underwent a preoperative abdominal CT scan both at rest and during Valsalva’s maneuver between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016. Results. Five patients (19%) had IH classified as M1-M2, 10 (39%) as M3, and 11 (42%) as M4-M5. Both the median IH orifice area (IHOA) and the median volume of the IH increased during straining ( P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). The percentage of the difference in volume ratios increased as the localization of the IH moved caudally. At the binary logistic regression analysis M3 IH, body mass index >28, IHOA > 156 cm2 at rest, and IHOA > 138 cm2 during Valsalva’s maneuver were risk factors for posterior component separation. Conclusions. The preoperative CT scan both at rest and during Valsalva’s maneuver seemed useful to estimate the risk of difficult IH repairs. Moreover, it could allow surgeons to decide if the patient should be addressed to more specialized centers.
Distal superior cerebellar artery aneurysm located at the newly formed anastomotic site with the long circumferential artery of the posterior cerebral artery: A case report
Authors: Irie Yukino , Takemoto Koichiro , Katsuta Toshiro , Fukuda Kenji , Abe Hiroshi , Iwaasa Mitsutoshi , Higashi Toshio , Inoue Tooru
Published: May 2019

We describe a case of a distal superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysm that arose from a unique collateral pathway between the SCA and long circumferential artery (LCA) of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). The patient was a 69-year-old male who was admitted to our facility for an asymptomatic and incidentally identified cerebellar aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a saccular aneurysm arising from the right SCA in the quadrigeminal cistern. Digital subtraction angiography revealed an unusually dilated branch from the aneurysmal sac. Furthermore, this branch had retrograde flow from the quadrigeminal segment to the anterior pontomesencephalic segment, was connected to the PCA at the P1 segment, and exited from the P2 segment. We attributed this unusual angioarchitecture to collateral circulation secondary to severe P1 stenosis. Thus, the dilated unusual branch is an LCA of the PCA for supplying the distal PCA with blood flow. As a result, the aneurysm is probably formed at the junction between the SCA and LCA. Endovascular coiling for the aneurysm was successfully performed with preserved collateral system.
Feasibility of ultra-low radiation dose digital subtraction angiography: Preliminary study in a simplified cerebral angiography phantom
Authors: Maeng Jun Young , Song Yunsun , Sung Yu Sub , Kim Tae-Il , Lee Deok Hee , Kim Tae-Hyung
Published: May 2019

Introduction

The objective of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) using ultra-low radiation dose settings in a simplified cerebral angiography phantom.

Materials and methods

We created a silicone phantom capable of producing a simplified cerebral DSA. A total of 18 DSA sets were obtained with gradual six-step reduction of the detector entrance dose (DED) from 1.82 to 0.08 μGy per frame, while standard, postprocessing algorithm (PPA) and copper filter (0.3 mm) with PPA (CwP) algorithm reconstruction protocols were applied. We quantitatively compared their signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and qualitatively analyzed the images' qualities in terms of image sharpness, contrast, and noise as investigated by five observers.

Results

The SNR and CNR, which decreased with lowering of the DED in the standard protocol group, were significantly compensated by using the PPA. The values were approximately double in the PPA (11.5 ± 2.9) and CwP (11.0 ± 2.5) groups compared with the standard (5.4 ± 1.1) group in the DED of 0.24 μGy per frame as well as in the other values. The total scores of the observers according to the protocols showed a tendency to decrease as the DED lowered. On average, the PPA (96.3 ± 34.6) and CwP (91.3 ± 29.9) groups yielded higher results than the standard protocol (83.7 ± 46.7).

Conclusion

Given that the current DED ranges from 1.82 to 3.60 μGy per frame for routine cerebral DSA, our results indicate that DED can be decreased to 15%–30% of the current dose level in vessels 2–4 mm in diameter if image-improvement algorithms are applied.
Arabic digits and spoken number words: Timing modulates the cross-modal numerical distance effect
Authors: Lin Chia-Yuan , Göbel Silke M
Published: May 2019

Moving seamlessly between spoken number words and Arabic digits is common in everyday life. In this study, we systematically investigated the correspondence between auditory number words and visual Arabic digits in adults. Auditory number words and visual Arabic digits were presented concurrently or sequentially and participants had to indicate whether they described the same quantity. We manipulated the stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) between the two stimuli (Experiment 1: −500 ms to +500 ms; Experiment 2: −200 ms to +200 ms). In both experiments, we found a significant cross-modal distance effect. This effect was strongest for simultaneous stimulus presentation and decreased with increasing SOAs. Numerical distance emerged as the most consistent significant predictor overall, in particular for simultaneous presentation. However, physical similarity between the stimuli was often a significant predictor of response times in addition to numerical distance, and at longer SOAs, physical similarity between the stimuli was the only significant predictor. This shows that SOA modulates the extent to which participants access quantity representations. Our results thus support the idea that a semantic quantity representation of auditory and visual numerical symbols is activated when participants perform a concurrent matching task, while at longer SOAs participants are more likely to rely on physical similarity between the stimuli. We also investigated whether individual differences in the efficiency of the cross-modal processing were related to differences in mathematical performance. Our results are inconclusive about whether the efficiency of cross-format numerical correspondence is related to mathematical competence in adults.
Streaming freedom in illiberal Eastern Europe
Authors: Imre Anikó
Published: May 2019

The article asks how we begin to assess the connections and mutual influences between television’s increasing globalisation facilitated by digital distribution platforms and the globalisation of crisis borne by the failure of the neo-liberal free market paradigm, which has resulted in the rise of nativist nationalisms, xenophobia and authoritarianism. I argue that, considering these contradictory developments as interconnected disrupts some of the epistemological paradigms inherited from the Cold War and simultaneously helps us understand – and demystify – emerging paradigms of consumer empowerment associated with streaming in television and media studies. In particular, I demonstrate the importance of resisting sweeping assessments about the globalisation of the ‘HBO-type quality drama’ by considering the operations of HBO Europe, whose pioneering localisation practices in Eastern Europe have thrived within increasingly illiberal political conditions in the post-socialist Eastern European region.
Class, pay TV access and Netflix in Latin America: Transformation within a digital divide
Authors: Straubhaar Joseph D , Castro Deborah , Duarte Luiz Guilherme , Spence Jeremiah
Published: May 2019

In the context of international flows of media products, this article offers an exploration of pay TV and the prospects for streaming television usage in the Latin American region. Based on audience preference data gathered by Kantar Media, the article offers an overview of how the pre-Netflix era looked like in the region. Drawing on the theories of cultural proximity and cultural discount, our results suggest that the international nature of Netflix programming is of particular interest and appeal among the upper middle class and elite, who have the cultural capital to enjoy and appreciate it. The findings also indicate that access to streaming television is hampered by a new digital divide, based in both age or generation, class and geography, which will limit the extent to which services like Netflix will disrupt broadcast and cable/satellite television.