bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap Between Aging Research and Practice: A New Strategy for Enhancing the Consensus Workshop Model
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Canin Beverly , Healy Charlotte , Moran Sheila , Trochim William M. , Martin Peter , Pillemer Karl , Sirey Jo Anne , Reid M. Cary
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The Cornell Research-to-Practice (RTP) Consensus Workshop Model is a strategy for bridging the gap between aging research and practice but lacks a technique for evaluating the relative importance of ideas. This project assessed the feasibility of adding a quantitative survey to the RTP model to address this gap. Method: Older adults with cancer (OACs), OAC caregivers, researchers, clinicians, and advocacy organization representatives participated in a RTP workshop on implementing psychological interventions for OACs. Following an in-person workshop, participants completed surveys assessing the relative importance of barriers and strategies for psychological intervention implementation. Results: Seventeen of 35 participants completed the survey, the majority of which were likely clinicians. Barriers and strategies to implementation rated as having the greatest impact were associated with the care team and institutional factors. Conclusion: Quantitative ratings add novel information to the RTP model that could potentially enhance the model’s impact on aging research and practice.
Conversion of solid waste to activated carbon to improve landfill sustainability
Authors: Adelopo AO , Haris PI , Alo B , Huddersman K , Jenkins RO
Published: July 2018

Heterogeneous composite wastes from landfills were evaluated as precursors for the generation of activated carbon (AC). A single-step chemical activation process was applied involving irradiation with microwave energy and impregnation with KOH. The average percentage yield of AC from active landfill precursor was higher than that from closed landfill for all depths sampled. Increase in impregnation ratio and irradiation power decreased the average percentage yield for both landfill precursors (active: 38.1 to 33.1%; closed: 42.1 to 33.3%). The optimum pH range for adsorption of methylene blue was pH 6–7, while adsorption increased with increase in temperature over the range 30 to 50°C. Carbonyl and hydroxyl groups were the major functional groups on the surface of AC. The properties of the AC are potentially suitable for the removal of cationic dyes and pollutants. AC generated from the landfill composite was comparable to that from other biomass being managed through AC generation. This is the first report to demonstrate the possible reuse of landfill composite as AC. The reuse option of landfill composite could provide a means of sustainable management of landfilled municipal waste.
Changes in Accident & Emergency Visits and Return Visits in Relation to the Enforcement of Daylight Saving Time and Photoperiod
Authors: Ferrazzi Elena , Romualdi Chiara , Ocello Michele , Frighetto Giovanni , Turco Matteo , Vigolo Stefania , Fabris Fabrizio , Angeli Paolo , Vettore Gianna , Costa Rodolfo , Montagnese Sara
Published: July 2018

Daylight saving time (DST) is a source of circadian disruption impinging on millions of people every year. Our aim was to assess modifications, if any, in the number, type, and outcome of Accident & Emergency (A&E) visits/return visits over the DST months. The study included 366,527 visits and 84,380 return visits to the A&E of Padova hospital (Northern Italy) over 3 periods between the years 2007 and 2016: period 1 (2 weeks prior to DST to 19 weeks after), period 2 (2 weeks prior to the return to “winter time” to 4 weeks after), and period 3 (5 consecutive non-DST weeks). For each A&E visit/return visit, information was obtained on triage severity code, main medical complaint, and outcome. Data were aggregated by day, cumulated over the years, and analyzed by generalized Poisson models. Generalized additive models for Poisson data were then used to include photoperiod as an additional covariate. An increase in A&E visits and return visits (mostly white codes, resulting in discharges) was observed a few weeks after the enforcement of DST and was significant over most weeks of period 1 (increase of ≈30 [2.8%] visits and ≈25 [10%] return visits per week per year). After the return to winter time, a decrease in absolute number of return visits was observed (mostly white codes, resulting in discharges), which was significant at weeks 3 and 4 of period 2 (decrease of ≅25 [10%] return visits per week per year). When photoperiod was taken into account, changes in A&E visits (and related white codes/discharges) were no longer significant, while changes in return visits (and related white codes/discharges) were still significant. In conclusion, changes in A&E visits/return visits were observed in relation to both DST and photoperiod, which are worthy of further study and could lead to modifications in A&E organization/staffing.
“The System Had Choked Me Too”: Abused Mothers’ Perceptions of the Custody Determination Process That Resulted in Negative Custody Outcomes
Authors: Khaw Lyndal , Bermea Autumn M. , Hardesty Jennifer L. , Saunders Daniel , Whittaker Angela M.
Published: July 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that continues to affect abused mothers after separation from an abusive partner. In addition to the risk of ongoing control and violence by abusers, the custody determination process may present challenges for mothers who end up with negative custody outcomes (e.g., share custody with abusers or lose custody). Using constructivist grounded theory techniques, we conducted a qualitative analysis of interviews with 24 abused mothers with negative custody outcomes to understand how they perceive and make sense of the process as a whole, and how they cope with these outcomes. The custody determination process was reportedly complex and stressful, and most mothers did not anticipate a negative custody outcome. Mothers’ perceptions and experiences followed three phases: “ trusting “the system” to protect them and their children, adapting to “the system” in search of positive outcomes, and, once custody decisions were determined, coping with the aftermath of the judicial system process, either by accepting or resisting the outcome. This study echoes previous calls for further training and policies that make the custody determination process less burdensome and harmful for survivors and their children.
A workpiece registration and localization adjustment method with contact inspection under multi-tolerance conditions
Authors: Jiang Lei , Li Yong , Han Lei , Zou Yisheng , Ding Guofu , Qin Shengfeng
Published: July 2018

The workpiece contour errors from previous process affect current process. In order to improve workpiece allowance distribution, this article presents a workpiece registration and localization adjustment method with contact inspection. According to the analysis of machining deviation, the rotational and translational registration matrixes from multi-tolerance surfaces to workpiece are obtained by surface characteristic and translational vectors. The workpiece localization (position and orientation) adjustment can be realized by transforming coordinate systems of 5-axis machine tool. Through adaptive and iterative registration and adjustment, the optimized workpiece localization for current process is obtained. The experimental results show that the method can improve allowance uniformity effectively.
Dynamic response of a curved railway track subjected to harmonic loads based on the periodic structure theory
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Du Linlin , Liu Weining , Thompson David J
Published: July 2018

In this study, the authors have analysed the dynamic response of a curved railway track that is subjected to moving and non-moving harmonic loads. The track is considered as a curved Timoshenko beam supported by periodically spaced discrete fasteners. The displacement and rotation of the curved rail are expressed as the superposition of track modes in the frequency domain. Periodic structure theory is applied to the equations of motion of the curved track, allowing the dynamic response of the track to be calculated efficiently in a reference cell. The effect of the stiffness and damping of the fasteners, the fastener spacing and the radius of curvature on the mobility and decay rate of the track are analysed for non-moving loads on the rail head. The vibration of the rail due to moving loads is also discussed. It is found that the dynamic response of a curved rail with a large radius has the same characteristics as that of a straight track. However, the dynamic response of the track is significantly affected when the radius of curvature becomes small. The radius affects the mobility; it also has an effect on the track decay rate below 2000 Hz and the velocity of the rail in the vertical direction when the radius is smaller than about 15 m and for the lateral direction when it is less than about 30 m. Moreover, the curvature has a significant influence on the vertical/lateral cross mobility, the magnitude of which increases as the radius is reduced. When the radius is larger than 10 m, the amplitude of the lateral vibration under a moving vertical load and the vertical response to a moving lateral load are inversely proportional to the radius.
Universal forensic DNA databases: Balancing the costs and benefits
Authors: Smith Marcus
Published: July 2018

The article considers the potential costs and benefits from the implementation of a universal forensic DNA database in Australia. In particular, it considers the impact that a database of this type would have on current issues associated with the use of DNA evidence in criminal investigation and prosecution, along with the relevant individual rights considerations. The article discusses the potential impact such a database would have on privacy rights, and balances these impacts against possible benefits, such as making investigations more targeted and efficient. The development of a database of this type is also discussed in light of the development of DNA and other biometric databases in Australia and other jurisdictions around the world.
What can the Banking Royal Commission achieve: Regulating for good corporate culture?
Authors: Wishart David , Wardrop Ann
Published: July 2018

This article identifies corporate culture as a key contributor to the sort of egregious corporate misconduct identified in the current Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industries. The authors outline existing strategies for regulating culture in the banking and finance industry and consider the likely outcomes of the Banking Royal Commission. Taking the proposed Banking Executive Accountability Regime as a case study, the authors argue that the industry’s privacy, autonomy and competition concerns, forcefully argued in policymaking circles, may well stymie any proposals that may be put forward, no matter how bad the conduct revealed turns out to be.
Equivalent properties of composite sandwich panels with honeycomb–grid hybrid core
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Chen Bingzhi , Sun Zhi
Published: July 2018

Combining the complementary properties of honeycomb cores and grid cores, a composite sandwich panel with honeycomb–grid hybrid core was proposed to enhance the structural performance of composite sandwich panels. However, important gaps remain in calculating the structural performance of the composite sandwich panels. In this paper, an equivalent stiffness model was proposed to analytically estimate the stiffness matrix of composite sandwich panels with honeycomb–grid hybrid core. The reliability and accuracy of the equivalent stiffness model were verified by experimental measurements from three-point bending tests. Furthermore, the effects of face-sheet thickness, core height, grid spacing, rib width and material properties on structural stiffness were investigated for the design of sandwich structures with hybrid core. The parameter studies demonstrated that core height had the most significant influence on the specific bending stiffness, while grid spacing was most important for specific in-plane stiffness of sandwich panels with carbon-fiber grid. Moreover, using carbon-fiber grid, although increases manufacturing cost, could further enhance the specific stiffness.
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: Opportunities for Targeted Prevention in Ohio
Authors: Stephens Julie A , Fisher James L , Krok-Schoen Jessica L , Baltic Ryan D , Sobotka Holly L , Paskett Electra D
Published: July 2018

Objective:

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, one of the most lethal gastroenterological diseases, has been increasing since the 1960s. Prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma is important because no early detection screening programs have been shown to reduce mortality. Obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and tobacco smoking are risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Due to the high prevalence in Ohio of obesity (32.6%) and cigarette smoking (21.0%), this study sought to identify trends and patterns of these risk factors and esophageal adenocarcinoma in Ohio as compared with the United States.

Methods:

Data from the Ohio Cancer Incidence Surveillance System, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER), and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. Incidence rates overall, by demographics and by county, as well as trends in incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and the percent of esophageal adenocarcinoma among esophageal cancers were examined. Trends in obesity and cigarette smoking in Ohio, and the prevalence of each by county, were reported.

Results:

There was an increasing trend in esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence in Ohio. Ohio’s average annual esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rate was higher than the SEER rate overall and for each sex, race, and age group in 2009 to 2013. There was also an increasing prevalence of obesity in Ohio. Although the prevalence of cigarette smoking has been stable, it was high in Ohio compared with the United States.

Conclusions:

Health care providers and researchers should be aware of the esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rates and risk factor patterns and tailor interventions for areas and populations at higher risk.
Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiles in Crohn’s Disease: Relationship With the Crohn Disease Activity Index
Authors: Chiba Toshimi , Suzuki Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Takayuki
Published: July 2018

We aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles and the Crohn’s disease (CD) activity index (CDAI) in patients with CD.

Methods:

We measured fasting PFAA concentrations in 29 patients with CD and their correlation with disease activity.

Results:

In all patients, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and concentrations of valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, tryptophan, alanine, tyrosine, total amino acids (TAAs), nonessential amino acids (NEAAs), essential amino acids (EAAs), and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). In patients with the ileo-colonic type of CD, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, glutamine, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA. In ileal type, significant correlations were observed between CDAI and threonine, valine, histidine, serine, and glycine. In colonic type, significant correlations were noted between CDAI and valine, histidine, tryptophan, TAA, NEAA, EAA, and BCAA.

Conclusions:

In patients with CD, plasma amino acids appear to be associated with disease activity.
Realization Crises and the Transformation of Daily Life
Authors: Harvey David
Published: July 2018

This is a lecture given by David Harvey in Nanjing, China.
‘It is that bad but it isn’t that bad’: Exploring children’s experiences of their mother’s non-terminal cancer with a focus on attachment, resilience and trauma
Authors: Tozer Laura , Stedmon Jacqui , Dallos Rudi
Published: July 2018

Recent years have shown a welcome trend in the number of people surviving cancer. The impact of cancer survival has focused primarily on the patient perspective, and limited research has explored the effect of parental cancer on children. No research to date can be found which explores children’s experiences of parental cancer from a narrative perspective yet the way in which people tell their story is associated with emotional wellbeing. Measures of attachment, resilience and trauma were completed by 10 children (six girls, four boys aged 10–18 years) all of whom have a mother with non-terminal cancer. Each child also completed a narrative interview where they spontaneously described their experiences. Interviews were analysed drawing on narrative and thematic approaches to ensure the structural and performative as well as content of the stories could be understood. Experiences were interpreted within the context of attachment, resilience and trauma. Clinically high levels of trauma were found within this group even for securely attached and resilient children. The narrative analysis corroborated this finding. Implications for services supporting families are discussed.
Anthropological Perspectives on Eating Disorders: Deciphering Cultural Logics
Authors: Eli Karin , Warin Megan
Published: July 2018

In the last three decades, anthropological analyses of eating disorders have peeled away layers of ‘common sense’ to reveal tacit and often contradictory forces that inhere in people's bodies, practices, and lives. From investigations of institutional practices to analyses of embodied experiences, anthropologists have developed insightful accounts of how local, shared worlds shape disordered eating, and of the grounding of disorder in social structures and relationships that tend to be obscured in clinical and popular interpretations. In this introductory essay, we offer a brief review of anthropological work on eating disorders, with particular emphasis on studies published in the last decade. Attending to person, structure, and bodily being-in-the-world, these anthropological studies reveal multiple cultural logics within which disordered eating practices are embedded. The deciphering of cultural logics forms the basis for this special issue, whose constituent papers interrogate recurring and ongoing eating disorders, with analyses that focus on relapse, ambivalence toward treatment, and the persistence of disordered eating practices. In their shared focus on long-term eating disorders, the papers offer anthropological responses to clinical questions about the low rates of treatment success. As such, the special issue conveys the potential for new productive collaborations between anthropology, policy, and clinical research and practice for the prevention of and effective intervention in eating disorders.
Drawing the line: Bonds and bounds of civility in a Christian basti of Karachi
Authors: Gayer Laurent
Published: July 2018

What do situations of chronic violence and resulting polarizations do to civility, and especially to its more horizontal forms? Using an account of everyday pluralism in an impoverished Christian neighbourhood of Karachi, this article addresses this question by examining how marginalized groups of that embattled city have been cobbling together forms of coexistence in the midst of ethnic and sectarian conflicts. Focusing in particular on the moral career of a local strongman, the practical and ethical dilemmas encountered by populations surviving at the margins of the city are considered, as they try to engage with others while struggling with the often violent economy of scarcity that structures their experience and vulnerability. In doing so, this article makes a case for a conceptualization of civility as a matter of building bonds as much as setting certain limits, in relation to identity and violence in particular. Civility, here, does not amount either to the preservation of peaceful coexistence or to the orderly reproduction of society. It thrives on various forms of connections and multiplicities, contesting hegemonic discourses on difference; instead of being external to violence, it operates within a world of violent possibilities, to which it aims to put some bounds.
Civil victimhood: Citizenship, human rights and securitization in post-dictatorship Chile
Authors: Risør Helene
Published: July 2018

Based on two cases from Santiago, the article develops a theory of ‘civil victimhood’ to explore how civil conduct is paired with notions of victimhood in performances of citizenship in situations such as post-dictatorship Chile. In this context, victimhood is informed by two discourses, namely human rights and securitization. While the human rights discourse works to situate evil in the dictatorial past and victims as forgiving and deserving citizens, securitization practices operate within a temporality of the potential and generate new forms of othering and exclusion. This understanding of the civil citizen as (potential) victim delineates the forms of social and political action that are seen to have a legitimate place in public life. It is argued that the combination of civil victimhood and securitization is emerging as a form of governance that serves to exclude many of the poor from the full benefits of citizenship.
A new dementia treatment with quieting focus, subtle sound vibration, and intentional shared silence: Introducing Resonant Silence Technique: Innovative practice
Authors: Fein Miriam I
Published: July 2018

High levels of sensory stimuli in care facilities have been shown to negatively affect people with dementia. This article describes the development and application of Resonant Silence Technique which endeavors to create a calming and peaceful atmosphere through multiple periods of silence following sound. The use of a quieting environment, subtle sound, and intentional silence is reported to help people with dementia feel less anxious, more relaxed and cooperative, emotionally appreciative, empathetic, and to improve eye contact and communication. Other positive benefits include improvements in concentration. Suggestions are made for further work to measure the impact of this approach.
Advanced noise modeling for future propulsion systems
Authors: Moreau Stéphane , Roger Michel
Published: July 2018

In order to meet noise specifications for future foreseen aircraft propulsion systems, such as for ultrahigh bypass ratio turbofans and contra-rotating open rotors, the dominant turbomachinery noise mechanisms need to be modeled accurately at an early design stage. Two novel methods are presented here, which could significantly improve the existing analytical noise models. For the high-solidity ultrahigh bypass ratio, a mode-matching technique based on a modal expansion of acoustic and vortical variables in each subdomain of a blade row is shown to accurately reproduce sound generation and propagation in two-dimensional bifurcated channels and in three-dimensional annular unstaggered flat-plate cascades. For the low solidity contra-rotating open rotors, several extensions to Amiet’s compressible isolated airfoil theory are coupled with Curle’s and Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings’ acoustic analogy in the frequency domain within a strip theory framework, to yield both far-field tonal and broadband noise. Including sweep in both tonal and broadband noise models is shown to significantly improve the comparison with experiments on a stationary swept airfoil in a uniform turbulent stream and on a realistic contra-rotating open rotor geometry at approach conditions.
Prison, women and prison rules for women
Authors: Tadič Darja
Published: July 2018

Imprisoned women are rather ‘unproblematic’, especially when compared with imprisoned men. However, the seemingly logical expectation of a less harsh prison regime for women is not always implemented and women are sometimes imprisoned in the same or even stricter regimes than men. This paper addresses the enforcement of prison sentences for women in Slovenia. Results of data analysis indicate that imprisoned women in the Slovenian prison system are generally (less) ‘problematic’, but the prison regime is disproportionately (increasingly) strict. The findings indicate that the Slovenian prison system plays a role in broader social mechanisms of gender-based discipline because imprisoned women are serving a double sentence: one for committing a crime and another for being a woman (who committed a crime).
Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations of conductive elastic knits
Authors: Lou Ching-Wen , He Chih-Hung , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: July 2018

Textiles can have valuable functions in terms of measurement, detection and communication when they are incorporated into functional electronic devices. However, the additional electric circuits limit the flexibility and extensibility, making the wearers uncomfortable and the manufacturing difficult. Therefore, in this study, conductive elastic knits are made of metallic yarns and expected to be used as wearable electronic textiles. In order to retain the flexibility of knits, a crochet machine with jacquard equipment is used to create knit patterns as electric circuits. Regardless of whether it is single-twisted yarn, double-twisted yarn, single-wrapped yarn, or double-wrapped yarn, the metallic wires can be completely covered in polyester filaments. Variations in twist numbers of conductive yarns or knit patterns are beneficial to the tensile strength with a maximum increment of 14%, and changing twist numbers of conductive yarns or knit patterns have a positive influence on the air permeability with a maximum increment of 24%. According to the results of the electric circuit stability test, using double-covered yarns ensures the knits a stabilized electric circuit regardless of the knit pattern.
Do Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate Reforms Change Decision-Making? Decomposing Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Donnelly Ellen A.
Published: July 2018

To reduce disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in their juvenile justice systems, policy makers must alter decision-making processes through policy interventions. Effective DMC reforms should ideally diminish the influence of race on processing outcomes and give more weight to objective differences in cases such as charge severity or a youth’s prior adjudications. This study evaluates the impacts of DMC interventions on secure detention and placement decisions. It introduces the Gelbach decomposition approach to estimate unexplained racial differences in processing outcomes. The method also illuminates the relative importance of case factors in reducing or aggravating explainable group differences over time. Findings suggest DMC reforms can moderate the effect of race on processing outcomes. When detailed, decomposition estimates show a greater emphasis on prior contact for detention and legal factors and prior history for placement following reform. DMC interventions may then help diminish unwarranted processing distinctions, and decomposition methods can inform these policy debates.
Lifestyle Medicine and Health and Wellness Coaching in Pharmacy Practice
Authors: White Nicole
Published: July 2018

Pharmacists are well positioned to promote lifestyle medicine through health and wellness coaching. Pharmacists are accessible, trusted, highly knowledgeable in chronic illness treatment and prevention, and are trained in applicable communication skills. While health and wellness coaching takes place informally in the pharmacy setting regularly, it is not often offered intentionally with measured progress. However, several successful pharmacy practice models with structured health and wellness coaching have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this article is to make the case for pharmacists as health and wellness coaches and describe successful models currently in place.
Characterizing Self-Monitoring Behavior and Its Association With Physical Activity and Weight Loss Maintenance
Authors: Gavin Kara L. , Sherwood Nancy E. , Wolfson Julian , Pereira Mark A. , Linde Jennifer A.
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Reviewing gaps in self-monitoring during weight loss interventions may help identify individuals demonstrating signs of disengagement in behaviors, including moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), associated with weight loss maintenance. This study examined the associations of different aspects of self-monitoring during a weight loss intervention with 24-month MVPA and weight. Methods: Secondary data analysis from the Tracking Study, a trial comparing weight-tracking frequency during a lifestyle weight loss program, was conducted. Self-monitoring logs from n =339 participants were used to define 4 characteristics and 4 specific gap lengths: short (1-4 weeks), medium (5-8 weeks), long (9-12 weeks), and extra long (>12 weeks). Self-reported MVPA and staff-measured weight were measured at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Generalized estimating equation modeling examined the association between self-monitoring characteristics and reported MVPA and weight. Results: Participants with gaps in self-monitoring as early as the second week of the intervention reported less MVPA and weighed more at 24 months. Furthermore, consistent tracking of MVPA was associated with higher reported MVPA and lower weight. Conclusions: Behavior tracking provides important information about behavioral disengagement early in the intervention process. Future work should test intervention augmentations to improve behavior change when disengagement is detected.
Canards interference on the Magnus effect of a fin-stabilized spinning missile
Authors: Yin Jintao , Wu Xiaosheng , Lei Juanmian , Lu Tianyu , Liu Xiaodong
Published: July 2018

Reynolds-averaged simulations of flow over spinning finned missiles with and without canards were carried out at Ma = 0.6, 0.9, 1.5, and 2.5; α = 4°, 8°, and 12.6°; and [Formula: see text] to investigate different mechanisms of the Magnus effect. An implicit dual-time stepping method and the [Formula: see text] transition model were combined to solve the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Grid independence study was conducted, and the computed results were compared with archival experimental data. The transient and time-averaged lateral force coefficients were obtained, and the flow field structures were compared at typical rolling angles. The results indicate that in subsonic conditions, the canards interference intensifies the asymmetrical distortion of the body surface boundary layer and flow separation at different angles of attack, doubling the absolute value of the time-averaged body lateral force; the wash flow effect strengthens on the leeward tail due to the canards interference, increasing its time-averaged lateral force; in supersonic conditions, the shock and expansion waves induced by canards, the vortex system, and the flow separation are responsible for the fluctuation of the body lateral force; the direction of the canard induced wash flow alters as angle of attack increases, increasing first and then decreasing the time-averaged tail lateral force.
Case report and systematic review of pulmonary embolism mimicking ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Villablanca Pedro A , Vlismas Peter P , Aleksandrovich Tatsiana , Omondi Arthur , Gupta Tanush , Briceno David F , Garcia Mario J , Wiley Jose
Published: July 2018

Background

To study trends in the clinical presentation, electrocardiograms, and diagnostic imaging in patients with pulmonary embolism presenting as ST segment elevation.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search for all reported cases of pulmonary embolism mimicking ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Pre-specified data such as clinical presentation, electrocardiogram changes, transthoracic echocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, therapy, and outcomes were collected.

Results

We identified a total of 34 case reports. There were 23 males. Mean age of the population was 56.5 ± 15.5 years. Patients presented with dyspnea (76.4%), chest pain (63.6%), and tachycardia (71.4%). All patients presented with ST-elevations, with the most common location being in the anterior-septal distribution, lead V3 (74%), V2 (71%), V1 (62%) and V4 (47%). ST-segment elevations in the inferior distribution were present in lead II (12%), III (18%), and aVF (21%). Presentation was least likely in the lateral distribution. Troponin was elevated in 78.9% of cases. Right ventricular strain was the most common echocardiographic finding. Over 80% of patients had findings consistent with elevated right ventricular pressure, with 50% reported RV dilatation and 20% RV hypokinesis. The most commonly used imaging modality was contrast-enhanced pulmonary angiography. There was a greater incidence of bilateral compared to unilateral pulmonary emboli (72.4% vs. 10%). About 65% patients received anticoagulation and 36.3% were treated with thrombolytics. Forty-six percent of patients required intensive care and 18.7% intubation. Overall mortality was 25.8%.

Conclusions

A review of the literature reveals that in patients presenting with pulmonary embolism, electrocardiogram findings of ST-segment elevations will occur predominantly in the anterior-septal distribution.
Health Literacy and self-care among visually impaired people with type 1 diabetes in Denmark
Authors: Schwennesen N , Barghadouch A , Olesen K
Published: July 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate health literacy and self-care among visually impaired people with type 1 diabetes in Denmark.

Methods

Survey data from 1425 Danes with type 1 diabetes were categorised in two groups according to visual status: visually impaired ( n = 38) and sighted ( n = 1387). Using the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale, health literacy and self-care activities were assessed. Visually impaired respondents were compared to sighted respondents using t-tests and chi-squared tests.

Results

Visually impaired people were older, had higher diabetes duration and were more likely to live alone. Also they had a significant lower level of health literacy on two key dimensions of health literacy (‘Ability to find good health information’ and ‘Understanding health information well enough to know what to do’), they monitored blood sugar less frequently than people that were sighted but had better self-care regarding feet examination.

Conclusions

Visually impaired people with type 1 diabetes are less able to find and understand health information than sighted people with type 1 diabetes. Our findings indicate need for interventions to promote better self-care and health literacy among visually impaired people with diabetes.
Leadership effectiveness and the problem of social action: Continuing the conversation between Burns and Rost
Authors: Amaladas Stan
Published: July 2018

While calling for the need to continue engaging in conversation with differing understandings of leadership effectiveness, the author demonstrates what this could look like in practice by conversing with three leadership authors, Hannah Arendt, from the field of Political Theory, James McGregor Burns from the disciplines of Political Science and American History, and Joseph C Rost, from the field of Education Administration/Leadership. In this article, the author seeks to understand differing and contradictory notions of leadership effectiveness as they are proposed by Burns and Rost. Following Arendt, the author (a) distinguishes the nature of action as understood by Burns (acting as making) and Rost (acting as initiating), (b) outlines the dominant influence of ‘acting as making’ or homo-faber image of leadership within the discipline of leadership studies, and (c) considers the implications of including ‘acting as initiating’ for leadership learning and education.
Person-based organisation in working memory
Authors: Ishiguro Sho , Saito Satoru
Published: July 2018

Working memory (WM) helps maintain information during a variety of cognitive activities in scholastic and social situations. This study focused on a social aspect of WM, specifically, how it maintains information related to people. We investigated person-based organisation of information across four experiments using the reading span task (RST). Person information (i.e., an occupational title) was provided with sentences manipulated across conditions. In Experiment 1, consistent with the assumption that person-based organisation exists in WM, participants performed better when they could easily organise target items in a person-based manner (person-based organisation) than when they were prevented from using such information. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated the process of person-based organisation using alphabetical letters as targets (unlike words in Experiment 1), which prevented possible semantic associations between person information and target items. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, suggesting that contextual retrieval is critical in person-based organisation. Experiment 3 showed the person-based organisation effect even after controlling for the difficulty of the process component in the RST. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 suggest that person information could serve as contextual retrieval cues in WM. Experiment 4, which did not show the organisation effect based on information about an object (i.e., a fruit name), suggests along with Experiments 1 to 3 that the observed organisation effect in Experiments 1 to 3 was specific to person information. In addition to showing the enhanced WM performance by person-based organisation, we have suggested contextual cue-dependent retrieval as the underlying cognitive process.
Rationale, design, and baseline participant characteristics in the MRI and cognitive substudy of the cardiovascular outcomes for people using anticoagulation strategies trial
Authors: Sharma Mukul , Hart Robert G , Smith Eric E , Bosch Jackie , Yuan Fei , Casanova Amparo , Eikelboom John W , Connolly Stuart J , Wong Gloria , Diaz Rafael , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Ertl Georg , Störk Stefan , Dagenais Gilles R , Lonn Eva M , Ryden Lars , Tonkin Andrew M , Varigos John D , Bhatt Deepak L , Branch Kelley RH , Probstfield Jeffrey L , Kim Jae-Hyung , Ha Jong-Won , O’Donnell Martin , Vinereanu Dragos , Fox Keith AA , Liang Yan , Liu Lisheng , Zhu Jun , Pogosova Nana , Maggioni Aldo P , Avezum Alvaro , Piegas Leopoldo S , Keltai Katalin , Keltai Matyas , Cook Bruns Nancy , Berkowitz Scott , Yusuf Salim
Published: July 2018

Background

Covert vascular disease of the brain manifests as infarcts, white matter hyperintensities, and microbleeds on MRI. Their cumulative effect is often a decline in cognition, motor impairment, and psychiatric disorders. Preventive therapies for covert brain ischemia have not been established but represent a huge unmet clinical need.

Aims

The MRI substudy examines the effects of the antithrombotic regimens in COMPASS on incident covert brain infarcts (the primary outcome), white matter hyperintensities, and cognitive and functional status in a sample of consenting COMPASS participants without contraindications to MRI.

Methods

COMPASS is a randomized superiority trial testing rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid plus acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg and rivaroxaban 5 mg bid against acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg per day for the combined endpoint of MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death in individuals with stable coronary artery disease or peripheral artery disease. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, and FLAIR images were obtained close to randomization and near the termination of assigned antithrombotic therapy; biomarker and genetic samples at randomization and one month, and cognitive and functional assessment at randomization, after two years and at the end of study.

Results

Between March 2013 and May 2016, 1905 participants were recruited from 86 centers in 16 countries. Of these participants, 1760 underwent baseline MRI scans that were deemed technically adequate for interpretation. The mean age at entry of participants with interpretable MRI was 71 years and 23.5% were women. Coronary artery disease was present in 90.4% and 28.1% had peripheral artery disease. Brain infarcts were present in 34.8%, 29.3% had cerebral microbleeds, and 93.0% had white matter hyperintensities. The median Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 26 (interquartile range 23–28).

Conclusions

The COMPASS MRI substudy will examine the effect of the antithrombotic interventions on MRI-determined covert brain infarcts and cognition. Demonstration of a therapeutic effect of the antithrombotic regimens on brain infarcts would have implications for prevention of cognitive decline and provide insight into the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive decline.
Proximal cueing to reduce elbow extension levels in suspect spin bowlers: A case study
Authors: Middleton Kane J , Wells Denny JM , Foster Daryl H , Alderson Jacqueline A
Published: July 2018

Cricket bowlers must be able to deliver the ball with less than 15° of elbow extension or face suspension. The aim of this case study was to report the findings of a technique remediation programme on the elbow joint kinematics of an international cricket bowler. The bowler underwent a three-dimensional bowling analysis to measure his elbow joint kinematics before and after a technique remediation programme. The bowler was required to bowl six deliveries of each of his off-break, quicker and doosra variations. The remediation programme focussed on modifying the bowler’s run-up, shoulder alignment and ball/hand position at back foot impact. Elbow joint waveform data were analysed using statistical parametric mapping tests and coefficient of multiple determination. Elbow flexion–extension angles at discrete events were compared pre- and post-remediation using paired-sample t-tests. Results showed that the remediation programme was effective in reducing the amount of elbow flexion, particularly in the first 60% of the delivery cycle. Elbow extension range was significantly lower post-remediation for the off-break and quicker deliveries. It was concluded that basic short-term technique remediation can be effective in reducing elbow extension range.
Approved checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer: which drug should be used when?
Authors: Ghatalia Pooja , Zibelman Matthew , Geynisman Daniel M. , Plimack Elizabeth
Published: July 2018

The treatment of advanced metastatic urothelial carcinoma has recently evolved with the approval of five checkpoint inhibitors. In the second-line setting, in patients who have progressed on cisplatin-based chemotherapy, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and avelumab are United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved. In cisplatin-ineligible patients, atezolizumab and pembrolizumab are the FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors. Here we describe the updated clinical efficacy of these checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma and then suggest how they can be sequenced in the context of available chemotherapeutic options. For cisplatin-eligible patients, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment. For patients progressing on platinum-based therapy, phase III trials have been performed comparing pembrolizumab and atezolizumab separately with standard chemotherapy, and results favor the use of pembrolizumab.
Evaluating financial literacy curriculum for young adults with special needs: A review of content, universal design for learning, and culturally responsive curriculum principles
Authors: Henning Mary Beth , Johnston-Rodriguez Sarah
Published: July 2018

Acquiring financial literacy presents many unique challenges for young adults with disabilities. Although financial literacy can and should be taught throughout the lifespan, this review examines the curriculum accessible to students with high incidence disabilities who are 14–21 years old, when they are planning for transition from secondary school to the workforce/higher education. This review examines five examples of promising financial literacy curriculum: Financial Fitness for Life, Practical Money Skills, Finance in the Classroom, Money Talks 4 Teens, and Money Smart for Young Adults. The curricula are compared for their application of universal design and culturally responsive curriculum principles. Completed rubrics will be presented to evaluate those curricula based on standards-based financial literacy concepts particularly relevant to youth with special needs, principles of universal design, and culturally responsive curriculum.
Parent Connectors: A Parent-to-Parent Support Program Feasible for Rural Settings
Authors: Duppong Hurley Kristin , Huscroft-D’Angelo Jacqueline
Published: July 2018

Supporting the needs of youth with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) and their families can be challenging in rural settings. Implementing strategies that take into account for and address barriers in rural settings is important. One strategy to improve outcomes for both students with EBD and their families in rural settings is providing parental support. Parent Connectors is a phone-based parent-to-parent support program designed to improve parental engagement in their child’s education and mental health services. Parent Connectors is described in detail along with preliminary outcomes and implications for rural communities.
Silent infarcts in sickle cell disease occur in the border zone region and are associated with low cerebral blood flow
Authors: Ford Andria L. , Ragan Dustin K. , Fellah Slim , Binkley Michael M. , Fields Melanie E. , Guilliams Kristin P. , An Hongyu , Jordan Lori C. , McKinstry Robert C. , Lee Jin-Moo , DeBaun Michael R.
Published: July 2018

Key Points

The SCI density map revealed key SCI locations in the deep white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes. Peak SCI density occurs in the region of nadir cerebral blood flow.
Hippo component YAP promotes focal adhesion and tumour aggressiveness via transcriptionally activating THBS1/FAK signalling in breast cancer
Authors: Shen Jie , Cao Beibei , Wang Yatao , Ma Chenshen , Zeng Zhuo , Liu Liang , Li Xiaolan , Tao Deding , Gong Jianping , Xie Daxing
Published: July 2018

Background

Focal adhesion plays an essential role in tumour invasiveness and metastasis. Hippo component YAP has been widely reported to be involved in many aspects of tumour biology. However, its role in focal adhesion regulation in breast cancer remains unexplored.

Methods

Tissue microarray was used to evaluate YAP expression in clinical breast cancer specimens by immunohistochemical staining. Cell migration and invasion abilities were measured by Transwell assay. A cell adhesion assay was used to measure the ability of cell adhesion to gelatin. The focal adhesion was visualized through immunofluorescence. Phosphorylated FAK and other proteins were detected by Western blot analysis. Gene expression profiling was used to screen differently expressed genes, and gene ontology enrichment was performed using DAVID software. The gene mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The activity of the THBS1-promoter was evaluated by dual luciferase assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was used to verify whether YAP could bind to the THBS1-promoter region. The prediction of potential protein-interaction was performed with the String program. The ChIP sequence data of TEAD was obtained from the ENCODE database and analysed via the ChIP-seek tool. The gene expression dataset (GSE30480) of purified tumour cells from primary breast tumour tissues and metastatic lymph nodes was used in the gene set enrichment analysis. Prognostic analysis of the TCGA dataset was performed by the SurvExpress program. Gene expression correlation of the TCGA dataset was analysed via R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform.

Results

Our study provides evidence that YAP acts as a promoter of focal adhesion and tumour invasiveness via regulating FAK phosphorylation in breast cancer. Further experiments reveal that YAP could induce FAK phosphorylation through a TEAD-dependent manner. Using gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis, we identify the FAK upstream gene, thrombospondin 1, as a direct transcriptional target of YAP-TEAD. Silencing THBS1 could reverse the YAP-induced FAK activation and focal adhesion.

Conclusion

Our results unveil a new signal axis, YAP/THBS1/FAK, in the modulation of cell adhesion and invasiveness, and provides new insights into the crosstalk between Hippo signalling and focal adhesion.