bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security without Exclusivity: Hybrid Alignment under U.S.-China Competition
Authors: Greitens Sheena Chestnut , Kardon Isaac B.
Published: February 2025

This article explores an emerging dynamic in the international system: Countries across the world are engaged in simultaneous security cooperation with both China and the United States. China and the United States, however, do not provide the same types of security goods. The United States primarily offers regional security—assistance that improves partners’ capabilities to deter or deny external threats to their territory. China primarily offers regime security—assistance that builds partners’ capabilities to control their territory and populations, and often, to prevent threats to a regime's hold on power. Many countries benefit from both types of assistance, and neither China nor the United States is in a strong position to demand exclusivity from third countries. As a result, a growing number of countries are developing nonexclusive, differentiated security relationships with both great powers. We call this phenomenon “security hybridization” and demonstrate that it is theoretically and empirically distinct from traditional balancing and omnibalancing. We illustrate this dynamic with two case studies—Vietnam and the United Arab Emirates. Each country engages in defense cooperation with the United States and, simultaneously, pursues increasingly robust internal security cooperation with China. Security hybridization distinguishes today's great power competition from Cold War rivalry and will likely shape patterns of domestic and global security in the years ahead.
Approximating Human-Level 3D Visual Inferences With Deep Neural Networks
Authors: O’Connell Thomas P. , Bonnen Tyler , Friedman Yoni , Tewari Ayush , Sitzmann Vincent , Tenenbaum Joshua B. , Kanwisher Nancy
Published: February 2025

Humans make rich inferences about the geometry of the visual world. While deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve human-level performance on some psychophysical tasks (e.g., rapid classification of object or scene categories), they often fail in tasks requiring inferences about the underlying shape of objects or scenes. Here, we ask whether and how this gap in 3D shape representation between DNNs and humans can be closed. First, we define the problem space: after generating a stimulus set to evaluate 3D shape inferences using a match-to-sample task, we confirm that standard DNNs are unable to reach human performance. Next, we construct a set of candidate 3D-aware DNNs including 3D neural field (Light Field Network), autoencoder, and convolutional architectures. We investigate the role of the learning objective and dataset by training single-view (the model only sees one viewpoint of an object per training trial) and multi-view (the model is trained to associate multiple viewpoints of each object per training trial) versions of each architecture. When the same object categories appear in the model training and match-to-sample test sets, multi-view DNNs approach human-level performance for 3D shape matching, highlighting the importance of a learning objective that enforces a common representation across viewpoints of the same object. Furthermore, the 3D Light Field Network was the model most similar to humans across all tests, suggesting that building in 3D inductive biases increases human-model alignment. Finally, we explore the generalization performance of multi-view DNNs to out-of-distribution object categories not seen during training. Overall, our work shows that multi-view learning objectives for DNNs are necessary but not sufficient to make similar 3D shape inferences as humans and reveals limitations in capturing human-like shape inferences that may be inherent to DNN modeling approaches. We provide a methodology for understanding human 3D shape perception within a deep learning framework and highlight out-of-domain generalization as the next challenge for learning human-like 3D representations with DNNs.
Cross-cultural Features of Volunteering Motivation in Youth
Authors: Molchanov Sergey M. , Almazova Olga V. , Poskrebisheva Natalya N.
Published: February 2025

Background. The study of the volunteering motivation in youth is relevant due to the high importance of volunteering, both in terms of the actual result (providing assistance to those in need), and in terms of positive personal development of participants in the volunteer movement.
Objective. The aim of the study was to study the nature of the motivation for volunteering among young people, taking into account cross-cultural specifics, using the example of two countries: the Russian Federation and the Republic of Azerbaijan.
Study Participants. The sample consists of 156 students aged from 19 to 25 years (M = 20.9; SD = 1.92) from Russia and Azerbaijan, attending universities. The Russian group consists of 81 students, Azerbaijani group included 75 students.
Methods. Volunteering motivation questionnaire by Clary E.G., adopted by Molchanov S.V., Almazova O.V., Poskrebisheva N.N., a technique for assessing the personal qualities of a typical volunteer by Molchanov S.V., Almazova O.V., Poskrebisheva, a questionnaire aimed at identifying the experience of respondents' volunteering by Molchanov S.V., Almazova O.V., Poskrebisheva were applied.
Results. A comparative study of cross-cultural differences in the motivation for volunteering among young people in Russia and Azerbaijan revealed both similarities and differences in motivation. The similarity is reflected in the high importance of volunteering motivation as a value and source of competencies, and the low importance of volunteering as protection. The differences are that the assessments of “volunteering as a career opportunity” and “volunteering as a social function” are significantly higher among Azerbaijani students than among young people from Russia. The study of the motivation for volunteering among groups of young people with and without experience of participating in volunteer activity confirms the previously established connection between the experience of volunteering and the peculiarities of its motivation.
Conclusions. The results obtained generally confirmed the hypotheses put forward. Cross-cultural differences in the motivation for volunteering were studied and tested with the selected methods to substantiate the significance of the motivation for career opportunities and the social function of volunteering among Azerbaijani youth as compared to Russian. The conducted research led to the understanding that the experience of volunteering is associated with an increase in the similarity of motivation for young people to participate in volunteering.
Simulator Sickness within the Framework of the Level Theory of Movement Regulation: Empirical Study
Authors: Luniakova Elizaveta G. , Raximova Arina R. , Belousova Margarita D.
Published: February 2025

Background. Virtual reality (VR) technologies are being applied in various areas of human activity. However, their use is often associated with the onset of simulator sickness. To date, there is no consensus on the mechanisms behind this disorder and the factors influencing its severity. Examining it in the light of the nature of actions performed by the user in a virtual environment is of particular interest.
Objective. The goal is to study the impact of the leading level of motor skill development in virtual reality on the severity of simulator sickness.
Sample. 40 participants (18 women and 22 men) aged between 19 and 46 years (Mage = 24, SD = 9,197). Participants were informed about the potential short-term negative consequences of participating in the experiment and provided their voluntary consent.
Methods. Two groups of participants, after preliminary testing, underwent training over three days to perform certain types of movements in a virtual environment, followed by re-testing. The groups differed in the focus of the training series — one group focused on body rotations (spatial field level, “Group C”), while the other focused on controlling the rotation of elements in the environment (object action level, “Group D”). Both movements were performed using a controller with similar visual stimulation. The severity of simulator sickness was evaluated using psychophysiological (heart rate (HR), tapping test), cognitive (reverse counting with subtraction), and subjective (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire and subjective scaling) measures.
Results. It was shown that the manifestations and intensity of simulator sickness (SS) are related to the formation of a specific type of movement skill in the virtual environment. Participants in Group C demonstrated a more pronounced SS at the beginning of the training series than participants in Group D. However, in testing after the training series, the severity of SS for all indicators under the conditions of passive observation of rotating stimulation and solving the spatial field level task in this group was significantly lower than in Group D.
Conclusions. The development of movement at the leading level of the spatial field determines the lower expression of SS in virtual reality than the development of skill at the leading level of subject action. Studying simulator sickness from the perspective of the theory of levels of movement construction contributes to a more complete explanation of the formation of this phenomenon.
Requesting Confirmation or Reconfirmation across Languages: An Introduction
Authors: König Katharina , Pfeiffer Martin
Published: February 2025

This special issue presents a collection of conversation-analytic and interactional-linguistic studies concerned with the cross-linguistic analysis of requests for confirmation (RfC) and requests for reconfirmation (RfRCs) as two distinct types of polar questions. In this paper, we outline a characterisation of the two actions with reference to their epistemic gradient and their sequential design, which does not take specific linguistic resources as its starting point and thus lends itself to comparative analysis. We review previous research on the linguistic design of RfCs and RfRCs and the responses they invite in different languages before we summarise the main findings of the papers in this issue. The final section discusses perspectives for future research on interactional and epistemic styles across languages.
A review of the genus Microdera Eschscholtz, 1831 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Uzbekistan
Authors: BEKCHANOV NORBEK KH. , NABOZHENKO MAXIM V. , BEKCHANOV KHUDAYBERGAN U. , BEKCHANOVA MOKHIRA KH.
Published: February 2025

A review of darkling beetles of the genus Microdera Eschscholtz, 1831 from Uzbekistan is presented. In total, 12 species are known in this country. Two new species are described: M. abdullohi N. Bekchanov et Nabozhenko, sp. nov. (Sulton Uvays Mts.) and M. uzbekistanica N. Bekchanov et Nabozhenko, sp. nov. (Kuldzhuktau Mts.). The following new synonym is introduced: Microdera globulicollis Ménétriés, 1849 = Microdera extabesa Skopin, 1961, syn. nov. The species M. ferghanensis Kaszab, 1957 is resurrected from the synonymy of M. globulicollis Ménétriés, 1849. In describing the ranges of the species mentioned in the paper, we corrected some errors in previous publications and clarified the distribution, including as a result of taxonomic changes. A species rank status is restored for Microdera kaszabi Skopin, 1961, stat. resurr. (from a subspecies of M. convexa (Tauscher, 1812)), as a consequence the range of this species does not include southeastern Kazakhstan, and limited by Kazakh Hummocks in the east. Microdera deserta deserta (Tauscher, 1812) is recorded for Uzbekistan for the first time, and M. shasenema Medvedev & Nepesova, 1985 is firstly recorded for Tajikistan. The following species are removed from faunistic lists of different countries: M. laevigatula Reitter, 1915 from the list of Uzbekistan, M. heydeni Kraatz, 1882 from the list of Turkmenistan, M. minax Reitter, 1887 from the list of Kyrgyzstan, M. transversicollis Reitter, 1887 from the list of Armenia. Lectotypes for Tentyria deplanata Gebler, 1841 and Microdera semenoviana Bogatchev, 1947 are designated.
Revision of Schizopygopsis chengi Fang 1936 (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with a description of a new subspecies
Authors: TIAN FEI , LIU SIJIA , CHEN SHENGXUE , ZHAO KAI
Published: February 2025

The species status of Schizopygopsis chengi, which is defined as a subspecies of Schizopygopsis malacanthus, is under debate. In the present study, comprehensive morphological and molecular analyses were performed on S. chengi, its closest relatives S. malacanthus and other Schizopygopsis fishes. The results showed that S. chengi did not form a sister lineage to S. malacanthus, with morphological differences in unbranched rays of the dorsal fin. The morphological and molecular evidence indicated that S. chengi was a valid species and was separated from S. malacanthus. By examining specimens of S. chengi from the Marke River, Keke River, Duoke River and Baoxing River, populations from the Duoke River showed morphological characteristics of mouth inferior, transverse oral fissure, relative long predorsal length than other geographic populations. The monophyly of population from Duoke River was strongly supported by mitochondrial sequence datasets. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, specimen from Duoke River is considered a newly identified subspecies and named as Schizopygopsis chengi duokeheensis.
Four new species of the genus Phlugiolopsis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Western Yunnan, China
Authors: YAO YUQING , BIAN XUN , ZHANG BIN
Published: February 2025

A comprehensive list of species of the genus Phlugiolopsis is presented. In addition, four new species, Phlugiolopsis conica sp. nov., Phlugiolopsis gongshanensis sp. nov., Phlugiolopsis longicaudata sp. nov. and Phlugiolopsis placentis sp. nov., from Yunnan, China, are described and illustrated. To distinguish with Ph. longicaudata sp. nov., we provided the morphological illustrations of Ph. montana Wang, Li & Liu, 2012. All specimens were deposited in Guangxi Normal University.
A new species of Elisama Giebel, 1856 (Blattaria: Blattulidae) discovered in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber of northern Myanmar
Authors: SENDI HEMEN
Published: February 2025

Elisama Giebel, 1856 is a cockroach genus of the family Blattulidae Vishniakova, 1982 ranging from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. Elisama kacerovae sp. nov. is herein described based on a completely preserved adult, and it is the first representative of the genus in Cenomanian northern Myanmar amber. It differs from other species of Elisama in being smaller in size, having a darkly striated pronotum with translucent nota and in the forewing with stem of M appressing R in the basal half of the wing. Elisama shares a dark macula on the forewings with Vrtula Vršanský, 2008, Huablattula Qiu, Wang et Che, 2019, Svabula Vršanský, 2005, Nogueroblatta Martínez-Delclòs, 1993 and Spono Vršanský, 2024. Some blattulid genera, such as the former four, are likely in need of revision. Except for E. globosa from Mdeyrij-Hammana amber in Lebanon, all species were discovered in sedimentary rocks of former Gondwana and Laurasia. It is possible that representatives of Elisama mainly prospered in less humid environments with milder climate instead of tropical forest ecosystems, where they were apparently rare in the fossil record, although taphonomic bias cannot be ruled out completely.
A unified interpretation of variability in precipitation isotope ratios
Authors: Siler Nicholas , Fiorella Richard P. , Kukla Tyler
Published: February 2025

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain why the isotope ratios of precipitation vary in space and time and why they correlate with other climate variables like temperature and precipitation. Here we argue that this behavior is best understood through the lens of radiative transfer, which treats the depletion of atmospheric vapor transport by precipitation as analogous to the attenuation of light by absorption or scattering. Building on earlier work by Siler et al. (2021), we introduce a simple model that uses the equations of radiative transfer to approximate the two-dimensional pattern of the oxygen isotope composition of precipitation (δp) from monthly-mean hydrologic variables. The model accurately simulates the spatial and seasonal variability in δp within a state-of-the-art climate model, and permits a simple decomposition of δp variability into contributions from gradients in evaporation and the length scale of vapor transport. Outside the tropics, δp is mostly controlled by gradients in evaporation, whose dependence on temperature explains the positive correlation between δp and temperature (i.e., the temperature effect). At low latitudes, δp is mostly controlled by gradients in the transport length scale, whose inverse relationship with precipitation explains the negative correlation between δp and precipitation (i.e., the amount effect). This suggests that the temperature and amount effects are both mostly explained by variability in upstream rainout, but they reflect distinct mechanisms governing rainout at different latitudes.
Implementing and evaluating National Water Model ensemble streamflow predictions using post-processed precipitation forecasts
Authors: Towler Erin , Stovern Diana , Acharya Nachiketa , Abel Mimi Rose , Currier William Ryan , Bellier Joseph , Cifelli Rob , Mahoney Kelly , Mossel Carolien , Scheuerer Michael , Thorstensen Andrea , Viterbo Francesca
Published: February 2025

Improving probabilistic streamflow forecasts is critical for a multitude of water-oriented applications. Errors in water forecasts arise from several sources, one of which is the driving meteorology. Meteorological forecasts are often statistically post-processed before being input into hydrologic models. Shifts towards ensemble weather prediction systems have propelled advances in ensemble post-processing, providing an opportunity to enhance probabilistic water forecasting. This study’s purpose is to implement and evaluate the impact of coupling state-of-the-art precipitation ensemble post-processing techniques with the process-based, spatially distributed National Water Model (NWM). The post-processing has two steps: first, precipitation is calibrated using a censored, shifted, gamma distribution approach, and second, is reordered using an ensemble copula coupling technique. The NWM focuses on flood forecasting, but to date has only been run with time-lagged ensemble weather forecasts. We implement the NWM in a medium-range (∼7 day) ensemble forecasting mode for several rain-dominated catchments in northern California during an extremely wet water year, when advanced warning of heavy precipitation and streamflow could have been useful. Post-processing enhances NWM streamflow forecasts in terms of ensemble spread and accuracy, improving underestimation. Precipitation (streamflow) was generally skillful out to day 4 (7), including heavy precipitation (>75mm) and relatively high flow thresholds, but less consistently for the most extreme streamflow. These results suggest that NWM ensembles could be warranted for priority basins with relatively predictable weather phenomenon, though there are tradeoffs with hydrological model complexity and ensemble forecasting. This study can inform the NOAA-led Next Generation Water Resources Modeling Framework, which will need to consider how to integrate meteorological post-processing and ensemble techniques.
The relation between exchange flow and diahaline mixing in estuaries
Authors: Burchard Hans , Klingbeil Knut , Lange Xaver , Li Xiangyu , Lorenz Marvin , MacCready Parker , Reese Lloyd
Published: February 2025

Estuaries with excess freshwater discharge are characterized by inflow of saline water from the ocean and outflow of brackish water towards the ocean. The intensity of this so-called estuarine circulation is known to be connected to salinity mixing inside the estuary. Here, the water mass transformation process of mixing is conveniently defined as the destruction of salinity variance within the estuarine volume. In the present study, we derive a new relation that shows how the estuarine exchange flow and the mixing inside the estuary determine each other. The result is a quantitative relation between the inflow volume at a fixed transect across the estuary and the distribution of the diahaline mixing inside the estuary. The concept of dividing salinities between inflowing and outflowing transports is used here. More specifically, the estuarine exchange flow equals the derivative of the mixing (with respect to salinity) on the estuarine part of the dividing salinity isohaline. We show for two realistic example estuaries how the exchange flow and the mixing are spatially distributed on the dividing salinity isohaline. Those estuaries include a channelized tidal estuary and a non-tidal industrialized estuary. While the former shows a basic two-layer division between inflow and outflow, the latter has a more complex three-layer structure, due to offshore upwelling and downwelling dynamics. The new theory provides the recipe for analyzing the relation between mixing and exchange flow in any estuary and helps to identify the regions where the mixing occurs that is consistent with the exchange flow.
Evaluation of 0–6 hour forecasts from the Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System and the Hybrid Analysis and Forecast System for Real-time Cases in 2021
Authors: Carpenter Noah T. , Gao Jidong , Clark Adam , Burke Patrick , Skinner Patrick , Wang Yunheng , Knopfmeier Kent , Pan Sijie , Matilla Brian , Martin Joshua
Published: February 2025

This study compares real-time forecasts produced by the Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS) and a Hybrid ensemble and variational data assimilation and prediction system (WoF-Hybrid) for 31 events during 2021. Object-based verification is used to quantify and compare strengths and weaknesses of WoFS ensemble forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing and WoF-Hybrid deterministic forecasts with 1.5-km horizontal grid spacing. The goal of such comparison is to provide evidence as to whether WoF-Hybrid has performance characteristics that complement or improve upon those of WoFS.

Results indicate that both systems provide similar accuracy for timing and placement of thunderstorm objects identified using simulated reflectivity. WoF-Hybrid provides more accurate forecasts of updraft helicity tracks. Differences in forecast quality are case dependent; the largest difference in accuracy favoring WoF-Hybrid occurs in eight cases identified as “high-impact” by the quantity of National Weather Service Local Storm Reports, while WoFS performance is favored at short lead times for 10 “moderate-” and 13 “low-impact” events. WoF-Hybrid reflectivity objects are closer in size and location to observed objects. However, a significantly higher thunderstorm overprediction bias is identified in WoF-Hybrid, particularly early in the forecast.

Two severe weather events are selected for detailed investigation. In the case of 26 May, both systems had similar skill; however, for 10 December, WoF-Hybrid forecasts outperformed WoFS forecasts. These results show improved performance for WoF-Hybrid over WoFS under certain regimes that warrants further investigation. To understand reasons for these differences will help incorporate higher resolution modeling into Warn-on-Forecast systems.
Safety and Efficacy of the Falciformopexy Technique for Peptic Ulcer Perforation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo Januário Campos , Martins Kleuber Arias Meireles , Xavier Paulo Vitor Marques , Nascimento Filipe Gabriel Oliveira , Gontijo Pedro Henrique Gibram , Minkauskas Juan Lima , Faria Isabela Coutinho , Abreu Ronaldo Duarte Araújo , Rocha Alexandre Lages Savassi , Del Aguila Jorge Walker Vásquez
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) is a severe complication of peptic ulcer disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The Graham patch repair (GPR) is the standard surgical treatment; however, when the greater omentum is insufficient, falciformopexy has emerged as a viable alternative. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of falciformopexy for PUP through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Ovid to identify studies reporting on PUP patients treated with falciformopexy. Outcomes evaluated included length of hospital stay, perioperative mortality, wound infections, and reoperation rates. A comparative analysis with patients treated with GPR was also performed. Safety and efficacy outcomes were analyzed using single proportions, while risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were pooled for comparative assessments.

Results

Six studies involving 868 patients were included, of whom 148 underwent falciformopexy for PUP. The mean hospital stay was 8.76 days (95% CI: 6.5-11.02; I2 = 92%). The perioperative mortality rate was 4.38% (95% CI: 0%-10.26%; I2 = 53%), the wound infection rate was 6.66% (95% CI: 2.31%-11.02%; I2 = 0%), and reoperation was required in 1.76% of cases (95% CI: 0%-4.73%; I2 = 0%). Comparative analysis revealed no significant differences between the falciformopexy and GPR groups regarding mortality, wound infections, or reoperation rates.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the use of the falciform ligament for PUP repair is associated with low perioperative mortality, wound infection, and reoperation rates, suggesting it is a viable alternative when the omentum is unavailable.
Do Augmented Reality Cues Aid Pedestrians in Crossing Multiple Lanes of Traffic? A Virtual Reality Study
Authors: Malik Jeehan , O’Neal Elizabeth , Noonan Megan , Noferesti Iman , Kim Nam-Yoon , Pixley William , Plumert Jodie M. , Kearney Joseph K.
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study evaluated whether pedestrians can use augmented reality (AR) overlays to guide their road-crossing decisions when crossing two lanes of opposing traffic.

Background

Emerging technologies for enhancing traffic safety often focus on alerting drivers to hazards. Less attention has been given to understanding how pedestrians respond to technology designed to aid their road-crossing decisions, particularly in more complex traffic.

Method

Participants repeatedly crossed two lanes of opposing traffic displayed in a virtual reality system. Participants in the AR condition viewed matching-colored bars (AR overlays) suspended just above the gaps between cars where there was sufficient time to safely cross a pair of near and far lane gaps. Participants in the control condition performed the same road-crossing task but saw no AR overlays.

Results

Participants who viewed AR cues were more likely than participants who did not view AR cues to accept gap pairs classified as crossable and less likely to accept gap pairs classified as uncrossable. However, there was no difference between the AR and control conditions in time to spare when exiting the roadway. NASA Task Load Index (2020) responses indicated that perceived performance was higher and perceived frustration was lower in the AR than control condition, but perceived workload was higher in the AR condition.

Conclusion

The AR cues helped participants identify crossable gap pairs but did not lead to greater time to spare when exiting the roadway.

Application

These results show both the promise and risks of assistive technologies designed to increase pedestrian safety in more complex traffic situations.
What's not to loathe? A qualitative study of the factors influencing Belgian trade unions’ positioning toward a universal basic income
Authors: Geels Floriane , Mulayi Marie-Laure , Laenen Tijs
Published: February 2025

This article focuses on the positioning of Belgian trade unions (TUs) toward a universal basic income (UBI). While there is some previous empirical work suggesting that TUs are unlikely to support this potential welfare reform because of ideological and strategic motives, we still lack a broader understanding of the factors influencing unions’ hostility toward a UBI. This study aims to fill this gap by adopting a multifactor approach that considers the impact of (1) the broader institutional, political, and socioeconomic context; (2) unions’ ideologies and values, and (3) the relation to their members’ attitudes. Based on in-depth interviews with Belgian union leaders, we untangle how their positioning is shaped by multiple considerations. We find that Belgian TUs are concerned about the budgetary implications of a UBI, as well as the uncertainty of politically tinted UBI proposals. They want to maintain the current social insurance system and their prominent institutional role within that system. We note that the rationale behind their opposition is shaped by their union-specific philosophical tendencies and their attachment to work. Lastly, their constituencies’ attitudes do not affect their positioning. By contrast, we find a top-down approach, as they emphasize their role in “educating” their members about a UBI.
From horse carriage to car. History, form, and nature of a literary topos (Woolf and Musil)
Authors: Meiner Carsten
Published: February 2025

This article analyses a literary tradition of accidents tied to automobility. It first focuses on horse carriage accidents and how literature took a perennial interest in the way such accidents created new and unforeseen human relations. It then concentrates on the opening scenes of Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway and Robert Musil's Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften where cars are central not because of movement but paradoxically due to malfunction, breakdowns, and stopping. The article reads these two scenes in the light of the history of horse carriage accidents, as well-established topos, which they both rely on as a recognisable literary form and which they also develop according to the new technology of the car. These analyses lead to a Deleuzian argument on the difference between the nature and the function of the modernist literary car. The function of the car is to move people from A to B. Its nature on the contrary, what it is capable of on its own, is in fact to break down. It is this difference that the modernist novel not only explores but also makes the foundation of its narratives.
Engagement, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Social Media Use: Associations with Adolescents’ Mental Well-Being
Authors: Reiten Finserås Turi , Hjetland Gunnhild Johnsen , Andersen Amanda Iselin Olesen , Sivertsen Børge , Colman Ian , Skogen Jens Christoffer
Published: February 2025

This study seeks to explore the relationship between mental well-being and engagement, attitudes, and perceptions of social media use across adolescents. This study is based on a survey of adolescents ( n = 3,568, mean age = 17.3) conducted in 2020 and 2021. Mental well-being was assessed using the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and categorized into low, mid-range and high mental well-being. Social media activity was measured using 11 statements related to engagement, attitudes, and perceptions of social media use. Bayesian cumulative ordinal regression models were employed to estimate the association between each of these statements and mental well-being. Adolescents with high mental well-being were more likely to report increased engagement in social media activities related to social orientation and group chatting than those with mid-range well-being. The results suggest that engaging in social behavior on social media may be indicative of healthy online activities.
Intelligent deep learning-based dual-task approach for robust power quality event classification
Authors: Ray Lipsa , Sinha Pampa , Pani Siddhanta , Nayak Anshuman , Paul Kaushik , Jena Chitralekha , Islam Md. Minarul , Ustun Taha Selim
Published: February 2025

Ensuring the stability and reliability of modern power systems relies on accurately detecting and classifying power quality (PQ) disturbances. This study presents an advanced automated recognition approach capable of identifying and classifying 14 distinct PQ event types, including voltage sags, swells, transients, interruptions, harmonics, and flicker. The methodology integrates the tunable-Q wavelet transform (TQWT) for signal decomposition, optimizing Q-factor parameters to extract precise features, and morphological component analysis (MCA) with the Split Augmented Lagrangian Shrinkage Algorithm (SALSA) for effective component separation. A novel dual-task deep learning model is developed, incorporating a dynamic nonstationary redundancy factor, r( t, f), to enhance the localization of signal components across time and frequency domains. Simulation evaluation demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms conventional machine learning and dense networks, achieving superior accuracy (99.7%), faster convergence (by 30%), and reduced computational cost (by 25%). These findings underscore the model’s efficacy in real-time PQ monitoring, contributing to improved reliability and stability in evolving power systems.
Proprioception and Lower Limb Strength in Children With and Without Hearing or Visual Impairments
Authors: Zarei Hamed , Norasteh Ali Asghar , Lieberman Lauren J. , Brian Ali
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Comprehensive insights into muscle strength and proprioception of children with hearing or visual impairments in comparison with individuals with typical development are yet to be achieved in literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proprioception and lower limb strength of children with hearing or visual impairments compared to those without disabilities (comparison).

Methods

This study featured a cross-sectional design with participants ( N = 45) placed within one of three equally stratified purposive groups (hearing impaired, visually impaired, or comparison) within the age range of 9–13 years (Mean = 11.43, SD = 1.5). Joint angle-reposition test was used to measure proprioception and the Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) was used to measure the strength of the lower limb muscles.

Results

The results indicated that knee joint position sense error was greater for the comparison group in standing ( p = .02) and sitting positions ( p = .03) than those with hearing or visual impairments ( p = .001). It was also greater for comparison in the dorsiflexion ( p = .03) and plantarflexion ( p = .03) than those with hearing or visual impairments ( p = .001). Moreover, the results showed that the lower limb muscle strength of subjects with visual impairments was weaker than those with hearing impairments ( p = .03), as well as with the comparison group ( p = .001), although no significant difference was found between the lower limb strength of the hearing impaired and comparison groups ( p>.05).

Discussion

The results demonstrated that the proprioception of children with hearing and visual impairments was significantly better than that of comparison. Furthermore, the muscle strength of children with visual impairments was significantly weaker than that of children with hearing impairments and comparison.

Implications for Practitioners

It is recommended that progressive physical activity programs be used to develop muscular strength of children with visual impairments.
Photovoice in the Health Science(s) Classroom: Breaking Down Stereotypes with a Critical Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Schulhoff Anastacia , Teti Michelle , Koegler Erica
Published: February 2025

As a response to a call for more diverse and innovative teaching techniques in the classroom, we explored the pedagogical possibilities of photovoice, a community-based participatory research method where participants use photo-stories to raise their individual and collective consciousness around concerns. We used a photovoice presentation in a large Midwestern university undergraduate health sciences class with the aim of helping students better understand the experiences and situations of people living with HIV. Post-photovoice presentation, we conducted semi-structured interviews with students ( N = 20) and coded these interviews for key patterns using thematic analysis. Five key themes emerged from the data and suggest that the photovoice presentation engaged students’ critical thinking skills and helped them recognize the complex personal, cultural, and institutional details of the lives of people living with HIV. In this article, we explain how implementing photovoice as a pedagogical tool in a college classroom encourages students to challenge their preconceived ideas about stigmatized groups within society, increases empathy towards these groups, and nurtures compassion when thinking about working with people living with HIV in the future.
HRM and corporate Islamic finance: A hybrid literature review from the Web of Science database
Authors: Airout Rula Mustafa , Maharmah Mashhour Hathloul Mousa , Mustafa Jamileh Ali
Published: February 2025

Background

This study examines how Islamic financial principles have influenced human resource management [HRM] practices from 2010 to 2024. Focusing on concepts like Riba [interest], Mudarabah [profit-sharing], and Takaful [Islamic insurance], the research explores their impact on HRM strategies and organizational sustainability.

Objective

The study aims to understand how these principles reshape contemporary HRM practices by identifying research trends, influential scholars, and major publications, and analyzing their effects on HRM strategies and organizational performance.

Methodology

A three-stage approach analyzed 402 articles using RStudio for data analysis, VOSviewer for citation and network analysis, and Excel for visualization. This method highlighted emerging trends and key research areas.

Key findings

Five research clusters were identified: 1] HRM and employee engagement in sustainable organizations; 2] environmental and sustainability practices in HRM; 3] ethical and social dimensions in HRM and finance; 4] corporate Islamic finance’s HRM implications; and 5] strategic management and financial performance.

Implications

The findings suggest a need for organizations to integrate Islamic finance principles into HRM practices and call for further research on emerging trends, cultural impacts, and long-term effects on organizational performance.
Technology trends in strategic management in the AI era: Systematic literature review
Authors: Alhyasat Wael , Alhyasat Eiad , Khattab Shadi Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Background

This study explores the intersection of strategic management and artificial intelligence (AI) from 2014 to 2024. As AI technologies advance, their integration into strategic management becomes essential for sustaining competitive advantage. The research aims to understand how AI influences and reshapes strategic decision-making and competitive strategies.

Objective

The study aims to systematically examine how AI and strategic management converge. It seeks to identify key research trends, influential scholars, and major publications to clarify how AI is transforming strategic management and competitive dynamics.

Methods

We used a three-stage methodology: we used RStudio to analyze 326 scholarly articles, VOSviewer to perform citation and network analysis to identify key authors and research clusters, and Excel for data management and visualization to highlight emerging trends and findings.

Results

The study identifies three main research clusters: leveraging AI for competitive advantage, the impact of emerging technologies on strategic management, and the role of dynamic capabilities. It underscores AI’s growing importance in strategic foresight and the need for dynamic capabilities to adapt to technological changes.

Implications

The research offers a roadmap for academics and practitioners, highlighting crucial areas for future exploration and emphasizing the need to integrate AI into strategic management practices to navigate emerging trends and maintain competitive advantage.
“I Don’t Want to Be Bad Mommy, but I Also Don’t Want to Be the Bad Mom”: How Mothers Story Their Experiences Navigating Social Media with Their Children
Authors: Lorenz Emily
Published: February 2025

Social media use by adolescents can influence their health, and therefore, parents are encouraged to mediate and monitor their children’s social media. Given that mothers are more likely to do so, this study uses narrative methodology to explore mothers’ lived experiences navigating social media with their adolescent children. In-depth interviews were conducted with mothers whose children use social media. The interview guides were informed by parental mediation theory and constructs related to mothering, such as intensive mothering and good mothering. The themes reveal a tension that many mothers experience using technology as protection. Many mothers initially agree to let their children use social media to protect them; however, in turn, mothers must employ protection from technology to safeguard their children from risk. This process is storied by mothers as a reflection of their role and pressure to protect not only their children but also their status as a “good mom.”
The Lived Experiences of Adults With Sickle Cell Disease Deciding Curative Therapies: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study
Authors: Jacobs-Mcfarlane Charleen
Published: February 2025

Background:

Bone marrow transplant and gene therapy are high-risk, high-reward treatment options that have the potential to cure sickle cell disease (SCD). Making the decision to pursue curative therapies remains challenging for adults living with SCD and little is known about their experience in deciding to cure it.

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experiences of adults living with SCD considering curative treatments.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was used for the study. Nine adults with SCD were recruited from a large, urban, academic medical center in the Northeast. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Amedeo Giorgi’s 5-step data analysis for descriptive phenomenology.

Results:

Five major themes were derived from the data analysis: (1) the never-ending rollercoaster of uncertainty in SCD; (2) the hospital feeling like a second home; (3) the powerful influence of the provider; (4) changing the trajectory of the past in pursuit of new beginnings; and (5) going the distance to access a cure. The results revealed that the participants’ experiences in deciding to pursue curative therapies were multifactorial, they had limited access to educational material, they delayed seeking curative therapies, and they required complex care management to navigate health systems when seeking curative options.

Conclusion:

Findings underscored the importance of nurses understanding the experience of living with SCD, the patient-provider relationship, and barriers to accessing care. Findings can influence policies on SCD care pre- and post-transplant, and inform nursing practice and nursing education.
Traumatic chylothorax management post-coronary artery bypass grafting – A systematic review
Authors: Carmichael Gavin John , Prinsloo Duron , Bentley Connor , Prinsloo Rodan , Kovoor Joshua G , Jacob Mathew O , Gupta Aashray
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is performed globally around 400,000 times annually. Despite its benefits, CABG can lead to complications, including chylothorax, a rare condition where chyle accumulates in the pleural cavity due to thoracic duct trauma. Currently, there are no international guidelines for traumatic chylothorax management post-CABG. This is the first systematic review to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of management for chylothorax post-CABG.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted by searching EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid and PubMed databases on 16 June 2024. The inclusion criteria focused on studies addressing post-CABG chylothorax management and reporting clinical outcomes. Data was extracted from 11 studies focusing on graft type, complications and management strategies.

Results

This review included 11 case report studies with 14 cases of post-CABG chylothorax. Conservative management was attempted in all cases, with varying components such as total parenteral nutrition, nil by mouth, octreotide and low-fat diets. High-output chylothorax (>1000 mL/day) often necessitated surgical intervention after an average of 12.5 days of conservative management. Surgical approaches included thoracic duct ligation, embolisation and pleurodesis. Surgical ligation was effective in three cases, while thoracic duct embolisation was successful in one case.

Conclusions

Chylothorax post-CABG is managed initially with conservative strategies, but high-output cases often necessitate surgical intervention. This review highlights the need for standardised guidelines, regarding the timing of surgical escalation and the use of octreotide and somatostatin. Further research should focus on higher-powered studies to validate these findings and establish clinical guidelines for managing chylothorax post-CABG.
Leveling up: Treating Uptake as Endogenous May Increase the Value of Screening Programs
Authors: Robles-Zurita Jose A. , Hawkins Neil , Bouttell Janet
Published: February 2025

Background

We aimed to illustrate that health economists should consider individual heterogeneity when solving the problem of finding the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity that maximizes the average health utility of a target population in a screening program.

Methods

A theoretical framework compares the solution under standard economics of diagnoses to the optimal combination under an endogenous uptake analysis, where screening participation is given by heterogenous health preferences. An applied example used calibrated parameters with real data from the bowel cancer screening program in the United Kingdom. Scenario analyses show how the results would change with parameter values, if disease risk and health utilities were not independent and if screening uptake were not completely determined by health preferences.

Results

A general theoretical result states that the endogenous uptake analysis leads to a weakly higher true- and false-positive rate than would be optimal under the standard approach. In the same way, the endogenous solution would lead to a lower uptake rate. The base-case scenario of the applied example illustrates that a screening program using the endogenous solution would generate 21.1% more quality-adjusted life-years than when using the standard solution. The scenario analyses show when the endogenous analysis is most valued and that the general result applies for a wide range of situations when theoretical assumptions are relaxed.

Limitations

The results obtained are valid under the assumptions made. Analysts should evaluate if those could hold in the applied screening context.

Conclusions

Individual heterogeneity and uptake decisions are relevant factors to consider in the problem of finding an optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for a screening test.

Highlights

The value of screening programs can be higher if heterogeneity of preferences in the target population is considered. The optimal operation of a screening test depends on health utilities of the target population and on the heterogeneity of these health utilities. Under heterogeneity of health utilities, the optimal operation of a screening test does not maximize screening uptake. A general theoretical result states that the endogenous uptake analysis leads to a weakly higher true- and false-positive rate than would be optimal under a standard approach; this is true for a wide range of situations.