bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Energy Management Concept and Energy Management System in High Rise Office Building
Authors: Siregar Marsul , Purbantoro Firma , Nur Tajuddin
Published: November 2019

Energy Management Concept as part of Green Building Concept is focused to Improve Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) and Water Consumption Index (WCI). The Implementation Energy Management Concept in an office buildings of this study based on the management system model of continual improvement ISO 50001:2011. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the implementation of green building principles in Office Buildings. This study took the case study in an office building in Jakarta Indonesia that has two towers, each tower has 32 floors and 3 basement floors. The method used is descriptive with respect to GREENSHIP Rating Tools for existing building which consists of six categories; Appropriate Site Development (ASD), Energy Efficiency & Conservation (EEC), Water Conservation (WAC), Material Resources & Cycle (MRC), Indoor Air Health & Comfort (IHC) and Building & Environments Management (BEM). The results show that implementation the Energy Management Concept could also made energy performance more efficient, after Implementing through Retrofitting of the Chiller System, Recycle Waste Water, Replacement of Conventional lamp to Energy Saving LED and also Training and Education to all employees and tenants. From comparing data research before implementation of Energy Management Concept in 2014 and after Implementation and retrofitting in 2016, 2017 & 2018, it is found that Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) from 238.8 kwh/m2/Years to 134,04kwh/m2/Year and Water Consumption Index (WCI)From 50 liter/person/Day to 27.18 Liter/person/Day. And the saving cost from electricity bill payments is IDR. 466,803,325.67 / month (18%) and roughly will Break Event Point (BEP) for 3.86 Years
Pendekatan Metode Interpretive Structural Modeling dalam Penentuan Kriteria Kunci Pemilihan Supplier Pada Perusahaan Konstruksi
Authors: Oktavia Chendrasari Wahyu , Nathalia Christine , Tjhong Sherly Gunawan
Published: November 2019

Keberadaan supplier bagi perusahaan memegang peranan penting terutama di dalam menjamin ketersediaan material. Oleh karena itu, perlunya melakukan pemilihan supplier dengan didasarkan pada kriteria. Namun, aktivitas pemilihan supplier bukanlah suatu hal yang mudah karena perusahaan harus dihadapkan oleh beberapa kriteria yang dibuat sebagai dasar penilaian dalam pengambilan keputusan. Oleh karena iu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan kriteria pemilihan supplier, dan menentukan kriteria kunci yang tepat dalam pemilihan supplier. Permasalahan dalam pemilihan supplier ini diselesaikan dengan metode interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Metode ini akan membantu dalam memetakan dan mendapatkan kriteria kunci dalam pemilihan supplier dengan melihat sisi keterkaitan antar satu kriteria dengan kriteria lain. Berdasarkan hasil dari pengolahan data, terdapat 21 kriteria yang digunakan oleh perusahaan sebagai acuan dasar dalam pemilihan supplier. Namun, kriteria acuan tersebut perlu diolah kembali dengan menggunakan metode ISM. Hasil dari metode ISM diperoleh 19 kriteria kunci yakni kualitas, pengiriman, harga, pelayanan perbaikan, keandalan (reliabilitas), fleksibilitas, sikap, sistem komunikasi, sejarah performansi, konsistensi, hubungan jangka panjang, hubungan timbal balik, standar kualitas, integritas, profesionalisme, reputasi dan posisi dalam industri, pengendalian operasional, jumlah kerja sama masa lampau, dan ketersediaan. Kriteria-kriteria ini adalah kriteria kunci yang digunakan sebagai dasar dalam pengambilan keputusan.
Valorization of Typha Australis Stems in Bioethanol Production Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Biofermentation
Authors: Kouwanou Cosme Sagbo , Agbangnan Dossa Cokou Pascal , Sènan Adjou Euloge , Issiakou Mossi , Dieudonné Wotto Valentin , Koko Sohounhloué Dominique Codjo
Published: November 2019

The present study aims to valorize the Typha australis stems, through second-generation bioethanol production using enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The monitoring of fermentation kinetics parameters, such as pH, density, length of fermentation, and the Brix, indicated a great variability of these parameters during the fermentation process of the must with three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, such as Angel brand Thermal-tolerant alcohol active dry yeast, Angel brand super alcohol active dry yeast and Angel super alcohol active dry yeast in the presence of urea (CON2H4) used as a growth factor. The distillation of musts after fermentation has yielded ethanol extraction rate (% v / v at 20 ° C) between 4.95and 44.93 after fractional distillation. The best performance in ethanolic bioconversion was recorded with Angel brand super alcohol active dry yeast. This Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains could be used as effective ferments, in perspective of intensive production of second-generation bioethanol with Typha australis stems.
Increasing the value of a biorefinery based on hot-water extraction: Lignin products
Authors: BUJANOVIC BILJANA M. , GOUNDALKAR MANGESH J. , AMIDON THOMAS E.
Published: November 2019

In conventional pulping technologies, lignin is used mainly as a low-cost source of energy. Small quantities of industrially produced lignin are used for the production of chemicals and materials. Biorefinery technologies are emerging that have an ultimate goal of replacing fossil sources for the production of fuels and other products. To achieve this goal effectively, biorefinery technologies must take advantage of lignin as the most abundant natural aromatic polymer and use it to add higher-value products to product portfolios. Lignin has the potential to be used in making a broad range of high-quality products, including carbon fibers, thermoplastics, and oxygenated aromatic compounds. Existing processes focus primarily on the quality of cellulose and result in a severely modified and contaminated lignin of relatively low value. Lignin produced in more flexible biorefinery operations is more uniform and less contaminated than currently available industrial lignins, opening the door for broader applications of lignin and lignin products. The results of isolation and characterization of lignin dissolved during hot-water extraction and some potential applications of this lignin are discussed.
Fractionation of wood polymers by carboxymethylation: Exploring the strategy
Authors: CHIEN SHANG-NING , AMIDON THOMAS E. , LAI YUAN-ZONG
Published: November 2019

We explored the feasibility of fractionating wood polymers in situ by carboxymethylation to yield the carboxymethyl derivatives of cellulose (CMC), hemicelluloses, and lignin for potential industrial applications. The initial water-soluble materials formed were a mixture of hemicelluloses and cellulose derivatives, and also contained some lignin (3%–5%). Interestingly, the water-insoluble residue after another carboxymethylation treatment gave essentially a CMC product containing less than 1% of residual lignin. Thus, the bulk of wood lignin is less reactive than the polysaccharide components under typical carboxymethylation conditions. Also, a hot water pre-extraction or dilute acid pre-treatment of wood samples was found to significantly enhance the reactivity of the cellulose component. A preextraction approach would facilitate CMC preparation and also provide the flexibility to convert the extracted hemicelluloses to other bio-based fuels or materials.
Delamination in the scoring and folding of paperboard
Authors: CHOI DOEUNG D. , LAVRYKOV SERGIY A. , RAMARAO BANDARU V.
Published: November 2019

Delamination between layers occurs during the creasing and subsequent folding of paperboard. Delamination is necessary to provide some stiffness properties, but excessive or uncontrolled delamination can weaken the fold, and therefore needs to be controlled. An understanding of the mechanics of delamination is predicated upon the availability of reliable and properly calibrated simulation tools to predict experimental observations. This paper describes a finite element simulation of paper mechanics applied to the scoring and folding of multi-ply carton board. Our goal was to provide an understanding of the mechanics of these operations and the proper models of elastic and plastic behavior of the material that enable us to simulate the deformation and delamination behavior. Our material model accounted for plasticity and sheet anisotropy in the in-plane and z-direction (ZD) dimensions. We used different ZD stress-strain curves during loading and unloading. Material parameters for in-plane deformation were obtained by fitting uniaxial stress-strain data to Ramberg-Osgood plasticity models and the ZD deformation was modeled using a modified power law. Two-dimensional strain fields resulting from loading board typical of a scoring operation were calculated. The strain field was symmetric in the initial stages, but increasing deformation led to asymmetry and heterogeneity. These regions were precursors to delamination and failure. Delamination of the layers occurred in regions of significant shear strain and resulted primarily from the development of large plastic strains. The model predictions were confirmed by experimental observation of the local strain fields using visual microscopy and linear image strain analysis. The finite element model predicted sheet delamination matching the patterns and effects that were observed in experiments.
The Implementation of 2013 Curriculum in Mathematics Learning at SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Tangerang
Authors: Saputra Nisvu Nanda , Sukmawati Rika
Published: November 2019

The objectives in this study are 1) Describe the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in mathematics learning, 2) Formulate what factors support and hinder the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. This study is a type of qualitative research using a descriptive approach. The study subjects were mathematics teachers who taught in class X of SMA Muhammadiyah 3 in Tangerang City. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation, documentation. Technical data analysis is done by reducing, presenting data, and verification. The results showed that the X grade mathematics teacher in implementing the 2013 curriculum was still lacking. This can be seen by teachers not compiling RPPs based on the 2013 curriculum. As a result, the learning process is not in accordance with the demands according to 2013 curriculum references. Factors that prevent teachers from implementing the 2013 curriculum are teachers who have not attended 2013 curriculum training, teachers have not joined and are taking part in routine activities in the city high school MGMP routine Tangerang, schools have not facilitated 2013 curriculum training activities and the lack of existing infrastructure in the school environment to support the implementation of the 2013 curriculum
Implementation of Basic Local Alignment Search for Detection H1N1 Sequence Alignment
Authors: Vulandari Retno Tri , Siswanti Sri , Kusumawijaya Andriani Kusumaningrum , Sandradewi Kumaratih
Published: November 2019

Bioinformatics is a science that studies the management and analysis of biological information. Bioinformatics includes application of mathematics, statistics, and informatics to biological problems to solve. Bioinformatics can store data generated by the genome project with regular and high degree of accuracy. Basic local alignment search is one of the methods used to process penyejajaran molecular data sequences. In 2009, there is a virus that attacks the respiratory tract that is the swine flu. The virus is spread around the world, so that retrieved the journal research on diverse virus DNA sequences in different endemic countries. Therefore, in this study will be explained about the process sequence alignment of the H1N1 swine flu virus. H1N1 Weiss AF 250365.2 and H1N1 Swine AF250364.2 have 90% similarity level.
Junior High School Students Ability to Use The Polya’s Step to Solve Mathematical Problems Through Problem Based Learning
Authors: Royani Muhammad , Agustina Winda
Published: November 2019

This study purpose to determine the ability of students to use Polya’s step in solving mathematical problems through Problem Based Learning. This study used a quantitative approach with a total sample, as many as 26 students of 7th grade of Junior High School 2 Kusan Hulu student. Problem Based Learning activities held in four meetings and two tests. The test results were analyzed based on the Polya’s problem solving steps, calculated with the percentage in each step. The results showed that the ability of junior high school students to use Polya’s steps in solving mathematical problem through Problem Based Learning was: 1) ability to understand problems at 83.80%, 2) ability to plan problem solving at 71.42%, and 3) ability to do counting at 75.61%.
Difference of Mistakes Reflective-Impulsive Students In Mathematical Problem Solving
Authors: Sulisawati Dwi Noviani , Lutfiyah Lutfiyah , Murtinasari Frida
Published: November 2019

Mathematics is one of the important subjects in realizing the goals of education in Indonesia. However, in reality there are many students who have different problem solving abilities between one and the other and many students make mistakes when solving problems. The mistakes that are often carried out by students can also be influenced by differences in learning styles possessed. Therefore this article aims to describe differences in errors made by reflective-impulsive students in solving mathematical problems. This research is a qualitative descriptive that involving 2 research subjects with each subject having a different learning style. This research was conducted in class VII Pakusari Jember 1 Junior High School in the academic year of 2018/2019. The results of data analysis showed that differences in mistakes made by junior high school students with reflective-impulsive learning styles in solving mathematical problems were located at the stage of determining mathematical models and at the stage of completing mathematical models that had been made with the percentage of impulsive learning styles when compared to a subject that is reflective learning style.
The Development of Teaching Materials Gamification-Based Problem Solving on the Material in Terms of Four
Authors: Putra Rizki Wahyu Yunian , Fakhri Jamal , Fitriani Dewi
Published: November 2019

This study aims to develop teaching materials gamification-based problem solving on the material in terms of four. To view the judging of the validator against the feasibility of teaching materials gamification-based problem solving on the material  terms of four and see the response of students to the attractiveness of the teaching materials gamification-based problem solving on the material in terms of four. This research use type research of research and development with a research model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Stage of development (development) involving 9 validator (three validator matter experts, three media experts and three language experts) to assess the feasibility of the material, the media and the Indonesian language good and right. Stage of Implementation (field trials) involving 80 students ( 20 students trial of small group and 60 students test a large group). The assessment of the attractiveness of the teaching materials gamification-based problem solving on the material in terms of four using the questionnaire i.e. a questionnaire the validator and questionnaires of learners. Data analysis using descriptive analysis using Microsoft Office Excel 2010. The results of the validation matter experts from the 3 validator shows that the overall product to obtain an average value of 3.7 and the Results of the validation media experts obtained an average value of 3.3 while the results of the validation of language experts to obtain an average value of 3.4. While the results of the trials of a small group of 10 students of MTs N 1 Bandar Lampung obtained the results of the attractiveness of the teaching materials with an average value of 3.4. while the test is a large group that was conducted in SMP 30 Bandar Lampung to obtain an average value of 3.5. Thus, it can be concluded that the development of teaching materials gamification-based problem solving on the criteria of very worthy and interesting.
Analysis Student Mistake of Teacher Professional Education In Completing Story Problems Based on Newman Procedures
Authors: Susanti Reni Dwi , Taufik Marhan
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to see students mistakes in solving story problems based on the Newman’s procedure. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research. The data retrieval technique is done through observation and testing. The results showed that the error in the skills process was 33% and the lowest error in the answer error was 8.2%. Errors caused by students who cannot read symbols, charts or charts, cannot solve problems properly, are wrong in solving steps and cannot be published or explained properly.
Improving Students’ Learning With NHT Model of Teaching In Natural Science Courses
Authors: Pratiwi Indah
Published: November 2019

The Numbered Heads Together (NHT) model of learning enables students to grasp the purpose behind the teacher’s instruction in order for the students to become motivated to learn from the teacher. The subjects in this study were students from class A, a total of 28 students. Each of the conducted studies involved planning, implementation, observation and reflection stages. Data collection was performed using both observation and tests. According to the results of the initial test (pre-test)-before the action-the grade average was 56.4 with the level of students’ learning outcomes as many as 7 students (25%) still scoring very low, but the action-incorporating the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model by the teacher in the first cycle-led to some improvement. Improved learning outcomes obtained following the first cycle, with the class average score being 62.3, indicating that the level of mastery under standard instruction amounted to as many as 13 students (46.4%) still classified as moderate, whereas students’ activities or actions based on observations made by peers were relatively low at 60.5%. As the aforementioned increase did not reach the set standard values, efforts needed to be made to improve and develop during the second cycle. Following the second cycle, the post-test revealed further improvement in the average grade value, which increased to 70.4, and the level of students’ learning outcomes under standard instruction with as many as 19 students (67.9%) belonging to the good category; the standard instruction underwent changes in learning and students’ actions or activities were classified as good, reaching as high as 80.3.
Character Education Values in Animation Movie of Nussa and Rarra
Authors: Astuti Riskiana Widi , Waluyo Herman J , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Character education value is needed in the education world. This study discussed a study of character education values through animation movie object of nussa and rarra, i.e. (1) religious character education value, (2) curiosity character education value, (3) friendly/communicative character education value, (4) social care character education value, (5) responsibility character education value. The researcher only limited five values of character education and used an animation movie object of nussa and rarra because the movie was trending in Indonesia. This study used survey methods and content analysis with qualitative research type because the data generated in the form of descriptions of speech fragments in the animation movie of nussa and rarra, then it divided into five types of utterances that contained the character education values and last, it analyzed. The result revealed that speech in an animation movie of nussa and rara, only five types of character education were found
Development of Materials Teaching with Writing Text Drama Based on Problems In 9th of grade Student of Methodist High School 12 Medan
Authors: Sirait Aprina , Hadi Wisman , Ambarita Biner
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study to development of materials teaching writing text drama based on problems that happened in 9th of grade Students of Methodist Medan.  The reason for choosing this school student at Methodist Senior High School 12 Medan was because it had all the supporting aspects so that the research could run well. This study was conducted on July2019. The result is students who scored 65-74 were 2 with a percentage of 7%, at 55-64 there were 1 2 people with a percentage of 40 % and at 0-54 as many as 16 people with a percentage of 53%. In the posttest score increased better learning outcomes around 85-100 scores by 2 with a percentage of 7 %, 75-84 scores by 2 2 with a percentage of 73 %, a value of 65-74 by 6 with a percentage of 20 % . So, the final results of the needs analysis showed that 100% of teachers and students of Medan Methodist 12 High School needed a companion module in learning Indonesian.
ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO ATONIA UTERI
Authors: Julizar Melati , Effendi Jusuf S. , Sukandar Hadyana
Published: November 2019

Maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still relatively high. The biggest cause of maternal mortality in Indonesia is bleeding. Most bleeding in the puerperium (75-80%) is uterine atony. Uterine atony is the most frequent cause of the occurrence of bleeding postpartum. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for uterine atony in Cut Meutia General Hospital and Health Center PONED in North Aceh district. This study uses a case control design, as a case group, maternal postpartum hemorrhage with uterine atony and control group, maternal postpartum hemorrhage without uterine atony. The sample size for each selected group 69 (the number of cases during the period from 2015 to 2017) while the control selected at random with the same number as many as 69 cases. Data analysis using chi square and multiple logistic regression. The results of the research bivariable indicates a meaningful associated with uterine atony is preeclampsia with OR 10,30 (CI 95%: 2,91-36,41), twin pregnancy with OR 17,31 (CI 95%: 2,21-135,76), induction of labor with an OR 4,39 (CI 95%: 1,0-21,45), grande multipara with OR 4,52 (CI 95%: 1,61-12,73) compared with primipara. Multivariable those associated with uterine atony is the age of the mother with OR 2,98 (CI 95%: 0,56-15,82), preeclampsia with OR 20,27 (CI 95%: 4,66-88,20), induction of labor with an OR 6,69 (CI 95%: 1,12-39,95), twin pregnancy with OR 52,39 (CI 95%: 5,65-486,03), anemia with OR 3,06 (CI 95%: 1,07-8,69). This study concluded that parity, preeclampsia, twin pregnancy and labor induction were risk factors for the incidence of uterine atony with twin pregnancy as the most dominant factor in the incidence of uterine atony.

Keywords : Risk factors; Uterine Atony.
HUBUNGAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP MUTU ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN
Authors: Muhith Abdul , Rizqina Rachma , Zulailah Diah
Published: November 2019

Hospitals as health care institutions need to improve their skills, speed, ease and accuracy in performing nursing practice. The right organizational culture can easily direct and focus on improving the quality of nursing care. The purpose of this study to analyze the relationship of organizational culture with the quality of nursing care in RSI Sawatah Mojokerto Inpatient Room.This research used cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all nurses in RSI Sawatah Mojokerto Inpatient Room with the number of samples of 85 nurses with total sample technique. Measurers in this study used OCAI for Organizational culture and quality questionnaire of nursing care. Statistical analysis used was Spearman Rank test.The result of analysis was found that almost half of the nurses in SSI inpatient unit of RSI Sakinah Mojokerto embraced Hierarchy Organization Culture as many as 29 respondents (34.1%) and for Good Nursing Standards were 66 respondents (77.6%) while High Professional Performance Standards, was as many as 66 respondents (77.6%). Spearman test analysis results obtained significance value (p) = 0.018 which explains that there was Organizational Culture Relation with Nursing Care Quality in Inpatient Room RSI Sakinah Mojokerto. Hospitals as a place of health services should be able to develop appropriate organizational culture and improve the quality of nursing care through training, research, supervision, and other methods that are effective and efficient.

Keywords: Nursing Care; Organizational Culture; Quality; Nurse.
Pengaruh Penerapan e-Government Pada Pembangunan Smart City di Kabupaten Sumenep
Authors: Alfiyah Nur Inna
Published: November 2019

Based on Presidential Instruction Number 3 of 2003 concerning National Policies and Strategies regarding E-government. Demand governments at various levels to take the necessary steps according to their respective duties, functions and authorities for the implementation of e-government development programs. To apply e-government in Sumenep Regency, the local government began to take steps in responding to the presidential decree issued by the central government by launching the g-online program. The g-online program is able to provide benefits to local government organizations in integrating public service systems. As technology and information are developing rapidly, government programs are undergoing renewal, with the birth of the smart city development program as a step towards strengthening the implementation of e-government in the regional government of Sumenep Regency. So this writing aims to answer how the influence of e-government in the construction of smart cities in Sumenep Regency. The method used in this research is an explanative descriptive method with the support of library or library data.
Populisme, Politik Pertahanan, Dan Pemimpin Lokal
Authors: Haboddin Muhtar
Published: November 2019

Populism, defence politics, and local leader are interrelated in the study of power. In the framework of maintaining power, local leaders will use populist policies to gain political support from the community. Community support is essential in an electoral democracy. Therefore, the local leaders will respond to the needs of its citizens in the form of populist policy. The ability of local leaders to meet the needs of their citizens is an important part of the working of populist politics. In this populist politics, the beneficiaries are leaders and society. Nevertheless, the beneficiaries are more certainly the local leaders. Why? Is it because local leaders use populism policies as instrumentation in maintaining power? By relying on that question, the choice of populist policy is aimed at two things for the local leaders. First, to gain legitimacy from the community. For local leaders, legitimacy is needed in building political power (Ramlan Surbakti, 1992; 96). It’s because the strong legitimacy will make to the local leaders more confident. Second, to strengthen the personal capacity of the local leaders in front of the community and other political forces. By relying on these two goals, the local leaders will have power stronger. Strengthening and maintaining power are the main objective for the local leaders. Therefore, this paper will attempt to present the ability of the local leaders in maintaining his power through the politics of populism at the local level (Vedi R Hadiz, 2017; Willy Purna Samadhi, 2016).
ANALISIS KELAIKLAUTAN KAPAL TERHADAP KESELAMATAN PELAYARAN DIKAPAL NIAGA (STUDY KASUS PADA PERUSAHAAN PELAYARAN KAPAL PENUMPANG DI SURABAYA)
Authors: Mudiyanto Mudiyanto
Published: November 2019

The seaworthiness of the ship and crew can be proven by the validity of all certificates owned by the ship and the crews. It is also to support the safety of sea transportation. Theoretically, the objectives of this research are to support the role of ship seaworthiness, as well as increase the literature repository and further research references. The benefits from this research are expected that shipping companies can find out the extent to which seaworthiness is guaranteed when the ship sails. This research is using a quantitative approach by using explanatory research. And the data used are valid and reliable quantitative data. The results of this research are a multiple R value of 0.937. The multiple correlation coefficient indicates that between the ship worthiness analysis variables have a very strong relationship to the shipping safety variable, the coefficient of determination is indicated by the R value of 0.937 meaning that the variables X1 & X2 have a strong relationship to the dependent variable Y. & R Square value, which is equal to 0.878, meaning that the effective contribution made by the variables X1 & X2 to the dependent variable Y is 87.8%. 

Keywords: Seaworthiness, Shipping safety

 

Kelaik-lautan kapal dan awak kapal dapat dibuktikan dengan validnya semua sertifikat-sertifikat yang dimiliki oleh kapal maupun awak kapalnya sehingga mendukung keselamatan transportasi laut. Tujuan Penelitian Secara teoritis, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mendukung peranan kelaiklautan kapal, serta menambah khasanah kepustakaan dan referensi penelitian lanjutan. Manfaat yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan agar perusahaan pelayaran dapat mengetahui sejauh mana kelaiklautan kapal yang terjamin saat kapal berlayar. Dalam penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuntitatif dengan  menggunakan penelitian eksplanasi. Sedangkan data yang digunakan adalah data kuantitatif, dimana penulis untuk mendapatkan data yang obyektif valid dan reliable menggunakan data yang berbentuk angka atau data kualitatif yang dikuantitatifkan. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh nilai R berganda sebesar 0,937 Koefisien korelasi berganda tersebut menunjukkan bahwa antara variable analisis kelaiklautan kapal memiliki hubungan yang  sangat kuat terhadap variabel keselamatan pelayaran, Koefisien determinasi ditunjukkan oleh Nilai R sebesar 0,937 berarti variable X1 & X2 mempunyai tingkat hubungan kuat terhadap variable terikat Y. & nilai R Square, yaitu sebesar 0,878,artinya sumbangan efektif yang diberikan oleh variabel X1 & X2 terhadap variabel terikat Y adalah sebesar 87,8%.

Kata kunci: Kelaiklautan, Keselamatan pelayaran
Modelling the economic and environmental implications of reducing biosecurity risk by changing to a self-contained dairy grazing system in New Zealand
Authors: Chikazhe Taisekwa L. , Neal Mark B. , Bird Paul
Published: November 2019

This study examines the economic and environmental implications of reducing the spread of contagious pathogens and diseases by implementing a self-contained dairy grazing system. Three typical New Zealand grazing-off systems were examined represented by a Waikato farm where all young stock are grazed off the milking platform, a Canterbury farm where both non-lactating cows and young stock are grazed off the milking platform and a Lower North Island farm where two thirds of the non-lactating cows and all young stock are grazed off the milking platform. For each grazing-off system (base), two options were modelled to reduce biosecurity risk: 1) reducing stocking rate to allow non-lactating cows and young stock to be grazed on the milking platform (self-contained); and 2) leasing support land to graze only owned non-lactating cows and young stock (lease). FARMAX and OVERSEERÂ® models were used to predict the economic and environmental implications of each option. The results were tested at different milk prices representing low ($4.25/kg) milksolids (MS), medium ($6.25/kg MS) and high ($8.25/kg MS) prices. The results showed that a self-contained grazing system reduced profitability by at least 15% across all regions and milk prices when compared with the base farms. The self-contained options leached 3â€“7% more nitrogen and had 7â€“10% more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per hectare, compared with the base and lease options when grazing-off land was accounted for. However, at a catchment level, the land freed by moving to self-contained might be utilised by other farming enterprises that might have a different environmental footprint compared to dairy grazing.
Improving environmental benefits of white clover through condensed tannin expression
Authors: Woodfield Derek R. , Roldan Marissa B. , Voisey Christine R. , Cousins Greig R. , Caradus John R.
Published: November 2019

Forage legumes improve both the intake and quality of the diet in pasture-based livestock systems. However, the high protein content of these forages can lead to inefficient nitrogen utilisation in the rumen and to high nitrogen (N) losses in urine and dung. Condensed tannins in forages have been shown to significantly reduce N leaching and also methane emissions. The use of classical breeding approaches over more than 50 years has failed to elevate condensed tannins in forage legumes. However, molecular biology approaches have achieved condensed tannin expression in white clover at levels that are biologically significant (>2% of dry matter). Results from a field trial in the USA showed that while condensed tannin levels in white clover (Trifolium repens) were similar to those produced by birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), plants did suffer a yield penalty. Protein binding assays were conducted by incubating soluble white clover leaf CTs in a solution containing the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The CTs in white clover leaves efficiently precipitated BSA from the supernatant at pH 6.5, and these CT-protein complexes dissociated at pH 2.5.While the use of genetically modified organisms in New Zealand is regulated, this development has the potential to improve environmental, animal health and animal productivity outcomes from grazed pasture systems.
Beyond ruminants: discussing opportunities for alternative pasture uses in New Zealand
Authors: Lucci Gina M. , Henchion Maeve M. , Lange Lene , Ledgard Stewart F. , Collie Stewart R. , Cosgrove Gerald P. , Meyer Anne S. , Graichen Florian H.M. , Barth Susanne , Lenehan James J.
Published: November 2019

The New Zealand government has set ambitious goals for primary sector growth and of zero net carbon emissions by 2050. This presents an opportunity and obligation to develop new ideas for grassland production systems to increase export value and generate new job opportunities, while reducing environmental impacts. The aim of this paper is to draw on recent research in Europe to investigate some of the alternative and complementary uses for pasture as a feedstock for a green biorefinery. A biorefinery is a facility, or a series of processes, that convert biomass into a spectrum of value-added products. For example, protein can be extracted mechanically from green biomass once harvested. The residual fibre fraction could be used as a low-nitrogen feed for ruminants to reduce urinary nitrogen, while the liquid protein fraction could be processed to make it suitable for mono-gastric or human consumption. Enzymes can promote protein extraction and controlled conversion of insoluble plant fibres and oligosaccharides to foster gut-health promoting prebiotic food ingredients. Anaerobic digestion of residues can then be used to create energy and soil-improving products. Research and demonstration of these approaches in practice, along with the results of feasibility studies, will be required to see which of these opportunities is a good fit for New Zealand pasture systems.
Meta-analyses comparing the nutritional composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata) pastures
Authors: MinneÃ© Elena M.K. , Kuhn-Sherlock Barbara , Pinxterhuis Ina J.B. , Chapman David F.
Published: November 2019

Studies comparing livestock responses to diets containing plantain with traditional ryegrass/clover diets suggest differences in the nutritional composition between the species might explain some of the variation in results. To explore this theory, a meta-analysis was performed to compare the nutritional composition of plantain and perennial ryegrass pastures, and define key differences between the species. Standardised effect sizes (plantain vs ryegrass pastures), expressed as correlation coefficients (r) with values from -1 to +1, and treatment means from 34 studies were determined using a weighted random effects model. Pastures containing plantain had lesser herbage dry matter content than ryegrass pastures across all seasons (mean 13.4 vs. 19.4%, P<0.001; r<-0.65). Structural fibre content was consistently smaller (mean 32.1 vs. 43.4% DM), but non-structural fibre content larger in plantain compared with ryegrass pastures (large effect sizes of r>0.70). There was no difference in total herbage nitrogen concentration (g/100 g DM; r<0.03). However, plantain pastures contained less soluble and degradable nitrogen compared with ryegrass pastures (r<-0.78). Herbage digestibility did not differ significantly between pastures (r=-0.13; P=0.168). Generally, the effect of plantain on nutritional composition was consistent across seasons. Experiments and models investigating the effects of pasture mixes on environmental nitrogen losses ought to include detailed nitrogen and carbohydrate fractions data for accurate interpretation and prediction.
An innovation systems approach to understanding the impacts of grass grub damage in irrigated Canterbury dairy pastures
Authors: Zydenbos Sue M. , Taylor Anna L. , Yang Wei , O'Callaghan Maureen , Hardwick Scott , Townsend Richard J. , Meenken Esther D. , Manning Michael J. , Roberts Ants H.C. , Dynes Robyn A.
Published: November 2019

An innovation systems approach involving agribusiness representatives, researchers and farmers identified that damage caused by grass grub (Costelytra giveni) was a key factor contributing to areas of reduced yield within high-producing pastures. Using a recognised yield mapping technique, areas of â€˜Lowâ€™ and â€˜Highâ€™ pasture height were identified in different paddocks over 3 years; â€˜Lowâ€™ areas had significantly higher numbers of grass grub larvae than â€˜Highâ€™ areas. Pasture production was measured for the â€˜Lowâ€™ and â€˜Highâ€™ pasture height areas, and the difference was calculated to be 6800 kg DM/ha for 2018/19. This difference persisted after grass grub larvae were no longer active. Farm systems modelling analysis estimated this â€˜yield gapâ€™ led to a $650/ha/year difference in profit. A survey of farmer perceptions of grass grub damage on 23 central Canterbury dairy farms estimated 19% of pastures were affected by grass grub, with 11% of the area in those paddocks being damaged. Econometric modelling showed differences in farmer perceptions of grass grub damage. Data from the survey and the pasture measurements were combined with the farm systems modelling results to estimate a $1,870,000/year regional-scale impact of the â€˜yield gapâ€™. An integrated pest management approach is suggested to control grass grub damage.
President's Address 2018
Authors: Kerr Graham A.
Published: November 2019

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Subordination as a potential marker of complexity in serious and popular fiction: a corpus stylistic approach to the testing of literary critical claims
Authors: Montoro Rocío , McIntyre Dan
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we use a corpus stylistic methodology to investigate whether serious (i.e., ‘literary’) fiction is syntactically more complex than popular (i.e., ‘genre’) fiction. This is on the basis of literary critical claims that the structural complexity of serious fiction is one of the features that distinguishes it from popular literature (which, by contrast, is seen as easier to read). We compare the serious and popular fiction sections of the Lancaster Speech, Writing and Thought Presentation corpus (see Semino and Short, 2004 ) against various samples of the British National Corpus available in Wmatrix ( Rayson, 2009 ), focussing particularly (though not exclusively) on the identification of subordinating conjunctions. We find that, on this measure, there is no basis for claiming that serious fiction is any more complex syntactically than popular fiction. We then investigate the issue in relation to a specific genre of popular fiction, Chick Lit. Here we find that while syntactic simplicity exists, this is at a phrasal rather than a clausal level. We argue that by using a corpus stylistic approach we are able to qualify accurately certain literary critical claims about syntactic complexity as a distinguishing feature of serious and popular fiction, and to propose a refined hypothesis which might be used in further studies of the syntactic structures used in these two text types.
An historical analysis of species references in American English
Authors: Frayne Craig
Published: November 2019

This study uses the two largest available American English language corpora, Google Books and the Corpus of Historical American English (coha), to investigate relations between ecology and language. The paper introduces ecolinguistics as a promising theme for corpus research. While some previous ecolinguistic research has used corpus approaches, there is a case to be made for quantitative methods that draw on larger datasets. Building on other corpus studies that have made connections between language use and environmental change, this paper investigates whether linguistic references to other species have changed in the past two centuries and, if so, how. The methodology consists of two main parts: an examination of the frequency of common names of species followed by aspect-level sentiment analysis of concordance lines. Results point to both opportunities and challenges associated with applying corpus methods to ecolinguistc research.
Gastric stump cancer. Etiology and treatment. A general review of the last 5 years
Authors: Vlad Braga , Slavu Iulian , Adrian Tulin , Bogdan Socea , Lucian Alecu
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Gastric stump cancer (GSC) is an entity described in the literature as early as the 1920s. Along the years the clinicopathological characteristic had changed. At the moment, there are no well-established guidelines regarding the optimal treatment.

Material and method: We conducted a literature review of the studies published from 2014 to 2019 using the PubMed database.

Results: After searching the PubMed database for the keywords: “gastric remnant cancer” AND “stump” AND “neoplasm” we identified 167 articles. Of these, 25 studies were considered relevant.

Discussions: GSC develops after 2 years from the primary intervention for malignancy and after 20 years for benign lesions. The development mechanisms vary depending on the type of primary gastric lesions. GSC is considered a unique clinicopathological entity. The pattern of lymphatic drainage is different in comparison to primary gastric neoplasm. Thus an important negative prognostic factor is considered to be the N group of TNM staging.

Conclusion: More studies are required to improve the understanding of development mechanisms and evolution of this pathology. Survival after gastric cancer has increased and it is possible to observe an increased percentage of patients who achieve the 5-year survival interval after surgery. Currently, there are no guidelines to select the optimal treatment with regards to surgery or chemotherapy as pathology is rare and studies which investigate the evolution and prognosis lack a significant cohort of patients. Therefore, the existent data is not substantial enough to elaborate guidelines that would define a standard surgical treatment.
UPPER EARTH CRUST’S REFRACTION HORIZONS ON TRAVERSE 1-SB (TRANSBAIKALIAN PART)
Authors: Polyansky Pavel , Emanov Alexander , Salnikov Alexandr
Published: November 2019

Digital processing of seismic data, which are registered on Transbaikalian part of reference geophysical profile 1-SB, is executed. These data are registered on CDP source-receiver configuration. Time sections images and wavefields of P- and S- head waves are result from technique of head waves dynamic conversion. These time sections are image a structure of refraction boundaries on the upper Earth crust on some areas of Argunskaya fold area, Mongol-Okhotsky fold belt, West-Stanovaya and Selengino-Yablonevaya fold areas. Seismic sections of depth interval of 0-2 km are constructed. Boundaries of intrusive body are detected on upper crust of Argunskaya fold area. This body is underlying lens shaped sedimentary layers on depth interval of 0.5÷1.0 km. Top of crystalline basement is established on the depth interval of 1.6-2.0 km on the northern part of Mongol-Okhotsky fold belt.
SIMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SOUNDING SIGNALS FROM THE ARCTIC ICE SURFACE
Authors: Osipova Polina , Mogilatov Vladimir , Zlobinskiy Arkadiy
Published: November 2019

Electromagnetic sounding of the Arctic region is hampered by the influence of the conductive layer of seawater. As part of the RSF project, it is proposed to use a circular electrical dipole (CED) to excite the field. Installation should be placed on drifting ice. This technique requires three-dimensional modeling for which there are complex algorithms. The paper proposes an approach using the Born approximation to simplify the implementation of three-dimensional modeling of the electromagnetic sounding signal using CED.
MODERN CONDITION OF TM-POLARIZATION ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING
Authors: Zlobinskiy Arkadiy , Mogilatov Vladimir
Published: November 2019

A brief analysis of the main achievements and directions of development of the method of vertical electrical currents sounding is given.
EFFECT OF CHANGES OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT BY THE UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS TO THE INDUCTION TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS (RESULTS OF 3D MODELING)
Authors: Shein Alexandr , Kozhevnikov Nickolay , Artamonova Svetlana
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of 3D modelling of transient induction responses under the medium with consequences of underground nuclear explosions (UNE). Several geoelectrical models of the consequences of explosions are considered. It is shown that the TEM method allows to determine lateral distribution of the consequences of surfactants. The vertical dimensions of the medium disturbance are determined only under certain assumptions (the shape of the fracture zone, the depth of the charge, etc.).
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE REFLECTION OF ELASTIC WAVES FROM ROUGH BOUNDARIES
Authors: Kolesnikov Yury , Beysembaev Ruslan
Published: November 2019

The results of physical modeling show that the influence of boundary roughness on its reflectivity depends on the ratio of roughness characteristic dimension and wavelength. The boundary roughness leads to a decrease in the effective reflection coefficients at subcritical and to their increase at supercritical angles of incidence. A change in the azimuth of the plane of incidence with respect to the roughness direction appreciably affects the reflection coefficients only at supercritical angles.
STANDING WAVES IN ENGINEERING OBJECTS OF COMPLEX CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Emanov Alexander , Bach Alexander
Published: November 2019

According to the results of research on complex engineering objects, results were obtained that demonstrate significant deviations from the models of buildings and structures adopted as the basis for calculating seismic resistance and structural stability. First, it is the existence of reflecting seismic oscillations of the boundaries inside the building, when standing waves form a common field for the building as a whole and a local field for a part of the object. Secondly, a block structure of the object, when there are natural oscillations of different magnification with a different area of the object's coverage, when some blocks independently oscillate, they unite into one system. Thirdly, the existence of walls with double reflecting properties, which changes the field of standing waves. Fourthly, the complex geometry of the object causes fields of standing waves, e is described by two wave numbers. Experimental data show that in the theory of buildings, it is necessary to move to the models of nested resonators, models of coupled resonators, and the verification of models should be entrusted to the standing wave method.