bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
External Leakage Current Separation to Determine Arrester Condition Due to Contamination
Authors: Novizon Novizon , Mondrizal Mondrizal , Darwison Darwison , Aulia Aulia , Uldira Septiyeni Tesya
Published: August 2023

Leakage current measurements can be used to determine the aging condition of the ZnO arrester. The leakage current that occurs in the arrester is divided into two, namely external and internal leakage currents. The external leakage current is affected by contamination and the internal leakage current is affected by the aging of the varistor in the arrester. The external and internal leakage currents are measured separately to determine their contribution to the arrester condition. In this study, the effect of salt contamination on the arrester was studied further. The level of contamination used consisted of low, medium and heavy. The obtained leakage current is analyzed using wavelet energy. The results of this study indicate that the wavelet energy of each leakage current is different and can be used as an indicator in further analysis. The conclusion obtained is that the external leakage current is affected by contamination and has a different energy with the internal leakage current due to aging of the varistor arrester components.
The Study of Plant Microbial Fuel Cell for Alternative Energy Source
Authors: Latif Melda , Paskalina Aprila Tiy  , Muharam Mumuh , Aulia  , Luthfi Amirul
Published: August 2023

Plant Microbial Fuel Cell (P-MFC) is one of Microbial Fuel Cell type. It can produce electricity and source for plant living. By using the humus soil in the anode chamber, the electron can flow to the cathode chamber. The principle of Plant Microbial Fuel Cell is same with the battery. It flows the direct current. This research makes dual chamber of P-MFC prototype. The salt bridge is used as connection between anode chamber to cathode chamber. The humus soil comes from burning organic waste. Its color is black and contains a lot of microbes. The plant selected in this research was Water Spinach.  The number of water spinach were 20 and 25 stems. P-MFC which has more Water Spinach will produce more voltage and current than the others. For 25 Water Spinach, P-MFC produced 762.4 mV no-load average voltage and 125.8 mV, 085 mA for load condition. The result was bigger caused by for more plants will be more microbes resulted in the humus soil.
Enabling Guardian Angels: Designing and Constructing a Wireless Nurse CallSystem with IMU-Based Fall Detection for Enhanced Patient Safety
Authors: Al Farouq Ardiansyah , Cholif Arrohman Nurriduwan Berryl
Published: August 2023

Falling poses a significant health concern across all age groups, with particular severityamong the elderly. Hospitalized patients, in particular, are vulnerable to injuries andevendeath due to falls. While patient supervision is essential for fall prevention, constant proximitybetween patients and healthcare staff is not always feasible. To tackle this challenge, thisstudy aimed to develop a solution that enables immediate assistance for patients who aredistant from the nurse call button when a fall occurs.The study employed the IMU sensor,which combines an accelerometer and a gyroscope. This sensor served as a transmitter todetect gravity acceleration and magnitude when afall event takes place. Thedata obtainedfrom the IMU sensor were further processed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Thesensor was integrated into a belt worn around the waist of the participants, who performedvarious movements such as falling facing down, falling up, falling to the right, falling to theleft, standing then sitting, and sitting then standing.The experimental tests yielded compellingresults, with all trials achieving an accuracy rate of 81.7%. The accuracy was determined byanalyzing the confusion matrix, which enabled accurate calculations.The utilization of thisinnovative tool significantly reduces the risk of patients experiencing detrimental outcomesfollowing falls by promptly notifying medical personnel, even when they aredistant from thenurse call button. Moreover, the implementation of this tool enhances overall safety forhospitalized patients, especially those at a high risk of falling. Future research can explore theintegration of additional sensors or the development of more sophisticated algorithms tofurther enhancethe accuracy and efficacy of this tool.
Smart Farm Agriculture Design by Applying a Solar Power Plant
Authors: Rocky Alfanz  , Aqbal Aqbal Hasnain Affan , Wahyuni Martiningsih
Published: August 2023

Every year as the world's population increases, land is getting full and not enough to be used in agriculture. Various types of technological developments have been abused to grow crops. The purpose of this research is to design a smart farm agriculture system by planting without soil and utilizing technological advances in the city. Smart farming is a technology in agriculture with the Internet of Things (IoT) to help farmers public people get data easy from the garden. Hydroponics is soil-less farming that uses minerals or fertilizers dissolved in water. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is one of the hydroponic methods using a thin layer on the flow of nutrients through pipe installations. Pumps that require continuous electrical power can harness solar power plants as an energy source. Off-grid system on solar panel plan produce electrical energy according to the required power without being connected to state electricity network. The design applies a multi-sensor system that includes nutrient sensors and pH sensors, as well as automatic solution pumps, temperature PZEM-004T sensors, and a data logger that collects data and connected to internet server with visual on app Thinger.io as monitoring platform. The results, pH is ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. The TDS sensor testing resulted in a 0.313% pH sensor error with an accuracy of 99.69%, and the TDS sensor testing resulted in a 1.18% TDS sensor error with an accuracy of 98.82% also the agriculture farm system testing, the testing in 1 until 2 weeks showed an error percentage of 38% in the pH solution and 38.73% in the nutrient solution. In addition, the solar panels generated a total power output of 1700.56 W, while the total load demand was 1165.74 W. Based on the testing results, the smart farming system can monitor nutrient and PH solution levels, the automatic pump controls a stable solution, and the power sourced from PLTS can supply the pump properly
Design and Implementation of Sensor Systems for Localization of the Autonomous Robot in a Building Area
Authors: Riansyah Moch. Iskandar Riansyah , Ardiansyah Al Farouq  , Putu Duta Hasta Putra
Published: August 2023

One of the popular studies recently is about social robots that have been implemented in several public areas such as offices. The  robot is an employee or worker assistant robot in the Telkom Surabaya Institute of Technology building to help carry out the work of delivering packages to the destination according to the tasks given. The problem that often occurs is an error in the robot's localization system causing the robot's movement to the target point to experience a position error. This research contributes to the comparative evaluation of 2 localization methods on mobile robots, namely the first is the use of a rotary encoder sensor and the second is the use of sensor fusion based on the extended Kalman filter implemented on the robot prototype. This study aims to develop a sensor system that is adapted to the design of the robot and the environment in which the robot is tested and to find out the comparison of the two methods. The use of extended Kalman filter-based sensor fusion can provide more accurate results in robot localization, especially when moving on complex paths. Sensor fusion enables the combination of several sensors such as rotary encoders and IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) sensors to provide more complete and accurate information about the position and orientation of the robot. In this study, sensor fusion successfully reduced the localization error of the  robot to 0.63 m when moving straight and 0.29 m when moving on a complex path, compared to the use of a single sensor which resulted in a larger error of 0.89 m. Based on the study that has been conducted, it can be considered as a potential solution in the development of other social robots to improve the accuracy and performance of the robots when performing certain tasks in the future.
Hyperbolic Tangent - Based Adaptive Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Sekyere Yaw Opoku Mensah , Effah Francis Boafo , Okyere Philip Yaw
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a study on using adaptive inertia weight (AIW) in particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving optimization problems. An AIW function based on the hyperbolic tangent function was proposed, with the function parameters adaptively tuned based on the particle best and global best values. The performance of the proposed AIW-PSO was compared with standard PSO and other PSO variations using seven benchmark functions. The results showed that the proposed AIW-PSO outperformed the other variations in terms of minimum cost and mean cost while reducing the standard deviation of cost. The performance of the different PSO variations was also analysed by plotting the best cost against iteration, with the proposed AIW-PSO showing a faster convergence rate. Overall, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of using an adaptive inertia weight function in PSO for optimizing problems.
The Design of Improved Automatic Operation Control of Indonesian Low- Speed Wind Tunnel Based on Programmable Logic Controller and Human Machine Interface
Authors: Parulian Franky Surya , Riyadi Munawar Agus , Pane Ivransa Zuhdi , Muflih Muhamad
Published: August 2023

In the application of the Indonesian Low-Speed Tunnel (ILST), the control of wind tunnel operations can determine the validity of the data and the number of tests achieved daily. The current operation control mechanism is still done manually and separately with one series of measurements for one test model configuration, inefficient human resources, acquisition of data that can be different, and the cost of using electric power is quite expensive. Therefore, this research and development activity proposes a wind tunnel automatic operation control system that integrates several plant facilities and ILST data acquisition based on Human Machine Interface (HMI) with the Waterfall method, using SCADA software and PLC. This aims to improve wind tunnel operation in one measurement series for multiple test model configurations with high data acquisition accuracy, faster and easier operation to reduce operating costs. This automatic operation control can increase operation time two times faster and 61% cheaper than manual operation. The design results will be used at the implementation stage in aerodynamic
model testing.
IoT-based Smartfarm Technology for Rice Farming
Authors: Khairudin Moh , Fajar Dwi U Anggoro , Hakim M. Luthfi , Widowati Asri , Prasetyo Eko , Kurniawan Yusuf , Azman M Noor A
Published: August 2023

One of the big problems in agriculture in the tropics, especially in Indonesia, is rainy and dry seasons. During the rainy season, agriculture in Indonesia in general can run smoothly because the water resource as the main supply of water for various types of plants is available regularly and in abundance. During the rainy season, agricultural products, including livestock abound, because animal feed is also available in abundance. However, a phenomenon occurs during the dry season. When the water supply is minimal or even unavailable, the planting process decreases and even fails before the harvest season. This research tried to bridge the agricultural sector so that it can continue to strive without being affected by the seasons. It is hoped that the agricultural sector can increase its production. This research integrated information and communication technologies (ICTs) through engineering variable measurements of soil water availability, soil moisture, air humidity, temperature of the planting environment, and real-time monitoring of plant conditions. The measurements of several determinant variables in agriculture were followed by responses to the measurement results. It is expected that the process of maintaining crop quality can be done all day until harvest. This technology is applicable to assist farmers in monitoring soil moisture, water level, and water discharge produced. This technology was also designed to be connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) in which data on soil moisture, water level, and water discharge are processed and sent to users. The data sent are connected to the Smartfarm web which can be accessed through smartphones. In addition, this technology is anti-theft and can be operated and monitored remotely.
Innovative Personal Assistance: Speech Recognition and NLP-Driven Robot Prototype
Authors: Valerie Michelle , Salamah Irma , Lindawati
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a personal assistant robot prototype with advanced speech recognition and natural language processing (NLP) capabilities. Powered by a Raspberry Pi microprocessor, it is the core component of the robot's hardware. It is designed to receive commands and promptly respond by performing the requested actions, utilizing integrated speech recognition and NLP technologies. The prototype aims to enhance meeting efficiency and productivity through audio-to-text conversion and high-quality image capture. Results show excellent performance, with accuracy rates of 100% in Indonesian and 99% in English. The efficient processing speed, averaging 9.07 seconds per minute in Indonesian and 15.3 seconds per minute in English, further enhances the robot's functionality. Additionally, integrating a high-resolution webcam enables high-quality image capture at 1280 x 720 pixels. Real-time integration with Google Drive ensures secure storage and seamless data management. The findings highlight the prototype's effectiveness in facilitating smooth interactions and effective communication, leveraging NLP for intelligent language understanding. Integrating NLP-based speech recognition, visual documentation, and data transfer provides a comprehensive platform for managing audio, text, and image data. The personal assistant robot prototype presented in this research represents a significant advancement in human-robot interaction, particularly in meeting and collaborative work settings. Further refinements in NLP can enhance efficiency and foster seamless human-robot interaction experiences.
A Transfer Learning-Based Model for Brain Tumor Detection in MRI Images
Authors: Faiz Rofi Hencya  , Satria Mandala  , Tong Boon Tang  , Mohd Soperi Mohd Zahid
Published: August 2023

Brain tumors are life-threatening medical conditions characterized by abnormal cell proliferation in or near the brain. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. However, the scarcity of labelled brain tumor datasets and the tendency of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to overfit on small datasets have made it challenging to train accurate deep learning models for brain tumor detection. Transfer learning is a machine learning technique that allows a model trained on one task to be reused for a different task. This approach is effective in brain tumor detection as it allows CNNs to be trained on larger datasets and generalize better to new data. In this research, we propose a transfer learning approach using the Xception model to detect four types of brain tumors: meningioma, pituitary, glioma, and no tumor (healthy brain). The performance of our model was evaluated on two datasets, demonstrating a sensitivity of 98.07%, specificity of 97.83%, accuracy of 98.15%, precision of 98.07%, and f1-score of 98.07%. Additionally, we developed a user-friendly prototype application for easy access to the Xception model for brain tumor detection. The prototype was evaluated on a separate dataset, and the results showed a sensitivity of 95.30%, specificity of 96.07%, accuracy of 95.30%, precision of 95.31%, and f1-score of 95.27%. These results suggest that the Xception model is a promising approach for brain tumor detection. The prototype application provides a convenient and easy-to-use way for clinical practitioners and radiologists to access the model. We believe the model and prototype generated from this research will be valuable tools for diagnosing, quantifying, and monitoring brain tumors.
Performance Enhancement of Elephant Herding Optimization Algorithm Using Modified Update Operators
Authors: Seini Yussif Abdul-Fatawu , Twumasi Elvis , Frimpong Emmanuel Asuming
Published: August 2023

This research paper presents a modified version of the Elephant Herding Optimization (EHO) algorithm, referred to as the Modified Elephant Herding Optimization (MEHO) algorithm, to enhance its global performance. The focus of this study lies in improving the balance between exploration and exploitation within the algorithm through the modification of two key operators: the matriarch updating operator and the separation updating operator. By reframing the equations governing these operators, the proposed modifications aim to enhance the algorithm’s ability to discover optimal global solutions. The MEHO algorithm is implemented in the MATLAB environment, utilizing MATLAB R2019a. To assess its efficacy, the algorithm is subjected to rigorous testing on various standard benchmark functions. Comparative evaluations are conducted against the original EHO algorithm, as well as other established optimization algorithms, namely the Improved Elephant Herding Optimization (IEHO) algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, and Biogeography-Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm. The evaluation metrics primarily focus on the algorithms’ capacity to produce the best global solution for the tested functions. The proposed MEHO algorithm outperformed the other algorithms on 75% of the tested functions, and 62.5% under two specific test scenarios. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed modification in enhancing the global performance of the Elephant Herding Optimization algorithm. Overall, this work contributes to the field of optimization algorithms by presenting a refined version of the EHO algorithm that exhibits improved global search capabilities.
A GSM-Based Fault Detection on Overhead Distribution Lines
Authors: Ofori Charles , Cudjoe Attachie Joseph , Obeng-Adjapong Felix
Published: August 2023

Power distribution in Ghana is managed by the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) which is responsible for ensuring accessibility of electricity to consumers. One of the challenges that affect the effective operation of ECG is the slow response to faults on the overhead distribution lines. Fault detection on the distribution lines is a very tedious activity but a necessary procedure to ensure efficient power distribution to consumers. This paper seeks to design a system that can detect faults, the type of faults and their location before they cause any casualties to transformers and other power system equipment. This would replace the primitive method of patrolling and manual inspection of faults currently done by the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG). This objective was achieved using a GSM-based system on an Arduino platform and ATmega 328P microcontroller to locate the occurrence of faults efficiently. Faults are introduced into the system by triggering the type of fault on the Arduino platform which opens the corresponding relay of the line fault. The opening of this relay sends a signal to the microcontroller and a corresponding LED which switches to display the type of fault. The microcontroller then communicates to the GSM module which displays the said fault and location on a display screen with the help of a virtual terminal. This system was tested under the various unsymmetrical faults to show the efficiency of the system using C++ programming. The simulation shows that the system offers a fast fault response time.
The ideology of the "right-wing threat" in Soviet Art of the turn of the 1920–1930s
Authors: Rutsinskaya Irina
Published: August 2023

The object of the study is the Soviet practice of transferring the ideology of the "right-wing threat", widely spread at the turn of the 1920s–1930s, into the space of fine art. This concept, which arose thanks to Stalin's purposeful efforts, was his effective weapon in the fight against the opposition. It was assumed that its existence would be limited by the factional struggle in the CPSU(b). However, the logic of public life in the country has made it inevitable that a purely political ideologeme will be transferred to all areas of culture. Based on the material of art magazines, newspapers, yearbooks published from 1929 to 1932, the chronology, main stages and features of the adaptation of the ideologeme in relation to fine art are considered for the first time. It is shown that accusations of belonging to the "right opposition", "right deviation" were made not only to creative associations or to individual artists, but also in relation to genres of fine art (for example, to still life and landscape). Manifestations of bourgeoisness were found both in the content of the works and in their form. It is revealed that the initial publications contained sincere attempts to understand what the "right threat" in art is, how its manifestations in this area can be determined. However, very soon such attempts were almost completely abandoned, and the phrase "right-wing threat" turned into a formal cliche, a political label.
A ira funesta na tragédia grega Antígona de Sófocles
Authors: Dos Santos Ricardo Neves
Published: August 2023

Transcorridos mais de dois mil anos desde que Aristóteles discorreu sobre as emoções no livro segundo a Arte Retórica, Charles Darwin voltou ao tema, desta vez não se restringindo a estudar as emoções apenas em suas manifestações humanas, mas também entre outros animais. Segundo Darwin, no seu livro A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (2009 [1872]), existem emoções básicas inatas que são expressas fisicamente da mesma forma entre os seres humanos. Entre essas emoções destacam-se a alegria, a tristeza, a raiva, o medo, o nojo e a surpresa. Valendo-me de alguns dos apontamentos de Darwin sobre as emoções, averiguarei em que medida a representação da raiva na tragédia Antígona de Sófocles combina com as descrições feitas pelo célebre naturalista britânico.
Desprezo e Desonra: a ira de Medeia
Authors: Franciscato Maria Cristina Rodrigues da Silva
Published: August 2023

A ira (ὀργή, orgé), segundo Aristóteles, pressupõe um desejo de vingança explícita, devido a alguma desonra sofrida e só pode existir onde a vingança for possível. O sentimento da ira requer poder e parece inadequado ao feminino, geralmente retratado como impotente na Grécia antiga. Não é o caso de Medeia que, repleta de ira, perpetra terrível vingança contra seu marido, Jasão, que a desonrou. Das tragédias áticas sobreviventes, Medeia é a que possui maior número de ocorrências dos termos orgé e khólos (χόλος), ambos com significados semelhantes, indicando ira, cólera. Medeia pode deixar irromper esses sentimentos por ser poderosa e não meramente humana.
Opportunities to diversify the activities of wholesale and retail trade organizations in modern conditions
Authors: Rykhtikova N. A. , Zorina N. V. , Lychagina A. S.
Published: August 2023

There are presents the results of a study of promising areas of diversification of the activities of wholesale and retail trade enterprises in the conditions of economic transformation. The purpose of this study is to identify and substantiate the possibilities of diversifying the activities of wholesale and retail companies in conditions of limited economic growth. The relevance of the research on the chosen problem is due to the need to find solutions to the problems of import substitution of enterprises that are interested in expanding their activities, including on the basis of diversification of activities. The methodology of the research is based on the analysis of modern theoretical provisions on the diversification of the activities of leading Russian scientists and economists. The main research methods used in the preparation of the materials of the article: system analysis, methods of expert evaluation, comparison, analogy, analysis of absolute and relative indicators, and others. Additional research methods include: traditional literature analysis, document analysis, design, synthesis, analysis of the data obtained. Within the framework of the article, the directions of diversification of the activities of wholesale and retail trade organizations are considered, as well as a multifactorial model is proposed that allows assessing the potential for increasing sales volumes based on diversification. The value of the conducted research lies in the consideration and detailed analysis of the state of the trade industry of the Russian Federation in the conditions of sanctions and restrictions. Also, this study shows development options in the field of diversification for wholesale and retail trade enterprises that depend directly on foreign supplies. The practical significance of this article is that the results of the study can be used by domestic enterprises specializing in the implementation of both wholesale and retail sales in the Russian market.
On the Issue of Developing Mechanisms to Reduce the Impact of Asymmetric Information on the Banking Services Market of the Russian Federation
Authors: Barakshin A. A.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of a study to identify mechanisms to reduce the impact of asymmetric information on the Russian banking services market. It is shown that the asymmetry of information tends to increase due to the increasing digitalization of the banking sector of the economy market. Such a trend reduces confidential communication between participants in a lending transaction, entails greater risk and variability.

One of the mechanisms to overcome the information asymmetry, which is manifested in the unfavorable selection of borrowers (individuals or legal entities) in the banking services market of the Russian Federation, is monetary regulation by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The refinancing rate is a powerful mechanism for eliminating the effect of “unfavorable incentive motivation”.

The levels of monopolization and competition are determined through the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI), which fixes the competitiveness of banks and their concentration ratio (CR). To understand the contribution of economic information to identifying the mechanism for reducing the impact of its asymmetry, thirty leading banks of the Russian Federation were analyzed in the context of changes in the level of their overdue debt (AR), which can be one of the indicators of information about the borrower. The results of the study can be used to minimize the effect of information asymmetry in the Russian banking market.
Diagnostic clues for hyalinizing trabecular tumor on fine needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Nielsen Lone , Gallardo Ana María Colino , Alonso Pablo Pérez , Medina Luis Ortega , García Esthefanía Latorre , del Arco Cristina Díaz , Jiménez Reyes Bergillos , García Lorenzo Alarcón , Blanco Marta Cruz , González Jesús Vega , Serrano Montserrat De la Torre , Fernández-Aceñero María Jesús
Published: August 2023

Objectives:

The hyalinizing trabecular tumor (HTT) is a rare benign neoplasm of the thyroid gland. This neoplasm has overlapping cytological features with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Medullary Carcinoma and Follicular Neoplasm with Nuclear Features of Papillary Carcinoma. This can lead to misdiagnosis of malignancy in fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology specimens with unnecessary total thyroidectomy. The aim of this study is to determine if there are some cytological features that could help us to suspect HTT on FNA specimens and avoid radical surgery.

Material and Methods:

With this purpose we have collected 6 cases diagnosed of HTT in Hospital Clínico San Carlos of Madrid (Spain) in the last 10 years and reviewed the cytological specimens.

Result:

We conclude that the presence of hyaline material in FNA specimens of HTT is a constant feature being a diagnostic clue. We must be cautious not to confuse it with dense colloid or amyloid material, the latter seen in Medullary Carcinoma. Papillary architecture and fibrovascular cores are not present in a HTT. Special stains as ki-67, calcitonin and Congo Red staining could help us in achieving the correct diagnosis.

Conclusion:

We feel the cytopathologists must be aware of the distinguishing features of this lesion, mainly the typical hyaline material to achieve a proper diagnosis and be able to reduce unnecessary aggressive management of these patients.
Prone or lateral patient positioning in KocherLangenbeck approach in acetabular fractures fixation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hantouly Ashraf T. , Salman Loay A. , Toubasi Ahmad T. , Alzobi Osama , Alborno Yahya , Kayali Hammam , Ahmed Ghalib
Published: August 2023

The Kocher-Langenbeck (K-L) approach is the approach of choice to treat fractures involving the posterior acetabulum. It provides direct exposure to the acetabulum, adequate reduction, and access to treat associated hip fractures. However, there is no consensus on the positioning of the patient; prone or lateral. This review aimed to investigate the effect of patient positioning on the outcomes of the K-L approach in acetabular fracture fixation. Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were searched from inception until February 22, 2022. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that investigated acetabular fracture fixation utilizing the K-L approach in relation to patient positioning (Prone and/or Lateral). Only English manuscripts that reported at least one of the outcomes of interest were included in the study. Studies that utilized both positions without specifying the outcomes in relation to the patient position were excluded from the study. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute tool were utilized to assess the quality of the included studies. This study included 521 patients from six articles. Of those patients, 46.1% were operated on in the lateral position and 53.9% in the prone position. The mean operative time of lateral and prone positions was 160.9 min (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 135.11–186.64) and 212.5 min (95% CI: 167.08–257.94), respectively. The mean blood loss in the lateral position was 502.mL (95% CI: 471.61–532.47) compared to 482.5 mL (95% CI: 396.77–568.28) in the prone position. The pooled complications in the lateral position were 29% (95% CI: 19–39%) compared to 37% (95% CI: 6–75%) in the prone position. The outcomes did not significantly differ when comparing lateral and prone patient positioning for posterior acetabular fracture fixation through the K-L approach. Further prospective randomized controlled studies are recommended to reach the best evidence.
Surgical treatment of degenerative lamellar macular hole using autologous platelet-rich plasma
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shkvorchenko D.O. , Vedernikova O.Y. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shpak A.A. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Introduction. Surgical treatment of patients with degenerative lamellar macular hole (LMH) does not always improve visual acuity. One of the risk factors for such results is pronounced thinning of the retina in the area of the hole. In such cases, it was suggested to supplement the standard surgical technique with the application of autologous platelet-rich blood plasma (PRP) to the area of the hole. Purpose. To present a clinical case of surgical treatment of degenerative LMH with pronounced retinal thinning using PRP. Material and methods. Patient C., 68 years old, complained of distortion of objects contours and decreased vision in the right eye. His corrected visual acuity was 0.4. Optical coherence tomography revealed a degenerative LMH (Govetto A. et al. classification, 2016) of the right eye with significant retinal tissue defect, with ellipsoidal photoreceptor zone defect and minimal retinal thickness of 59 μm. A three-port subtotal 27G vitrectomy was performed with removal of the epiretinal membranes and internal limiting membrane, tamponade of the vitreal cavity with air, and application of autologous PRP to the hole area. Results. The dynamics of retinal recovery in terms of up to 9 months after surgery is described, the minimum retinal thickness increased from 59 to 238 μm; the maximum corrected visual acuity increased from 0.4 to 1.0. The formation of a hyperreflective zone similar in optical density to plexiform layers was noted in the area where the hole had previously occurred. The size of the hyperreflective zone decreased during observation. By 9 months after surgery, the ellipsoidal zone defect was virtually undetectable. Conclusion. The use of PRP resulted in not only closure of the hole but also normal retinal thickness in the foveal area which contributed to the restoration of the ellipsoidal zone of the photoreceptors and a significant increase of visual acuity. Presumably, PRP contributes to the speedy closure of the hole due to the formation of a glial scar of minimal size. Key words: degenerative lamellar macular hole, platelet-rich blood plasma, vitrectomy, hyperreflective zone, glial scar
Toric IOL haptic dislocation management in patient with Marfan syndrome after phacoemulsification and scleral fixation of the modified capsular tension ring
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Malyugin B.E. ,   A. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Anisimova N.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tkachenko I.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kalinnikova S.Y. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose. To propose a surgical technic for correcting the dislocation of the haptic element of the toric intraocular lens (IOL) in a patient after phacoemulsification and scleral fixation of the modified capsular ring in Marfan syndrome (MS). Material and methods. To report a case about dislocation one of the haptic elements of a toric IOL out of the capsular bag as a result of contraction of the capsular bag in a patient with MS in the presence of sutured modified capsular tension ring. The patient underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including refractometry, eye biometry, ophthalmoscopy, fundus examination for medical mydriasis, keratotopography, computed tomography of the cornea, and surgical treatment. Results. Removal and peeling of fibrous tissue, located under the anterior capsule with a reposition of the haptic of toric IOL resulted in significant astigmatism reduction and visual functions improvement. Conclusion. The proposed surgical technic for dissection of the anterior capsule fibrosis and reposition of the IOL haptics is effective for restoring the anatomically correct position of the IOL, and also allows to obtain a good functional result. To the best of our knowledge, successful treatment of late postoperative residual astigmatism with IOL tilt under conditions of transscleral fixed modified capsular tension ring (M-CTR) with haptic dislocation from the capsular bag and the presence of contraction capsular syndrome in SM has not been previously described in the literature. Key words: Marfan syndrome, capsule contraction syndrome, modified capsular tension ring, phacoemulsification, toric IOL result. To the best of our knowledge, successful treatment of late postoperative residual astigmatism with IOL tilt under conditions of transscleral fixed modified capsular tension ring (M-CTR) with haptic dislocation from the capsular bag and the presence of contraction capsular syndrome in SM has not been previously described in the literature.
Inner limiting membrane peeling in the surgical treatment of diabetic macular edema (2 clinical cases)
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases», Moscow, Russian Federation, Petrachkov D.V. , Filippov V.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases», Moscow, Russian Federation, Shabalina K.N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science «M.M. Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases», Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Relevance. Vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) for diabetic macular edema (DME) is the treatment of choice when combined with vitreomacular interface (VMI) anomalies. Peeling of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina in such patients is a controversial procedure. Purpose. To clinically approve new method of ILM peeling in patients with DME in combination with VMI. Material and methods. The article presents a comparative analysis of two clinical cases. The patients had similar clinical and anamnestic characteristics. In both cases, patients underwent VRS for DME with a large intraretinal cyst in the fovea in combination with epimacular fibrosis (EMF). The operation was combined with intervention for cataract (phacoemulsification with implantation of an elastic intraocular lens). Only the stages of ILM peeling were different: in the first case, the technology with the preservation of the ILM fragment in the fovea was used, in the second, a complete peeling of the ILM was performed. Results. In the course of dynamic observation for 6 months after the operation, observation, examination and, if necessary, additional treatment were carried out. Based on the results of observation and evaluation of the functional and anatomical parameters of the retina within 6 months, an improvement was noted in 1st patient and stabilization in 2nd patient. In the case of 2nd patient, a lamellar macular rupture formed at a period of 3 months, which can be regarded as a complication of the complete ILM peeling technique. Conclusion. Peeling of the ILM with preservation of the fragment in the fovea showed better functional and anatomical results compared to the complete removal of the ILM. Morphofunctional results of this method are to be investigated on the representative patient sample. Key words: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, vitrectomy, ILM-peeling, optical coherence tomography
Minimally invasive surgical treatment for organized submacular hemorrhage
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bosov E.D. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bogdanova V.A. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vaganova E.E. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2023

Purpose. To present a method of minimally invasive surgery, including two-port 27G surgery with controlled administration of a solution of recombinant prourokinase in a patient with organized submacular hemorrhage (SMH). Material and methods. A patient with SMC lasting 30 days underwent a procedure developed on the basis of the Center for Ophthalmology «N.M. N.I. Pirogov» is a minimally invasive technique that includes a two-port 27G access without vitreectomy with controlled administration of a solution of recombinant prourokinase 500 ME through a 38G cannula subretinally, followed by tamponade of the vitreal cavity with a 20% gas-air mixture of hexafluoroethane C2F6. A standard ophthalmological examination was performed before the start of treatment, on the 1st day, 2 weeks later, 6 months after vitreoretinal intervention. Results. Visual acuity was 0.1 at the initial examination and 0.05 upon admission to the surgical hospital. Follow-up showed an increase in visual function to 0.3 at 1 month and to 0.5 at 6 months with antivasoproliferative therapy. According to optical coherence tomography at the initial examination, the central retinal thickness (CRT) was 642 µm, followed by a depression of up to 451 µm by the time of hospitalization. On the 14th day, the decrease in CRT reached 267 µm with complete translocation of the hemorrhage and 243 µm after 6 months. The height of detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium at the initial examination showed a value of 167 µm, and at subsequent observation it was 45 µm, 38 µm and 12 µm on the 1st, 14th day and after 6 months, respectively. Against the background of anatomical results, there was a decrease in the zone of absolute scotoma from 25 loci at the time of admission to 3 loci after 6 months, and an increase in total photosensitivity from 4.5 dB to 15.6 dB, respectively. Conclusion. The use of a minimally invasive method for the treatment of SMH, including subretinal administration of tissue plasminogen activator without vitreectomy with gas-air tamponade, improves morphological and functional prognosis. However, further study of the proposed technique on long-term hemorrhages is required. Key words: submacular hemorrhage, tissue plasminogen activator, pneumodislocation
Aromaticity Reversal Induced by Vibrations in Cyclo[16]carbon
Authors: Rončević Igor , Leslie Freddie J. , Rossmannek Max , Tavernelli Ivano , Gross Leo , Anderson Harry L.
Published: August 2023

Aromaticity, most commonly defined as the ability to sustain a diatropic ring current, is typically regarded as an in-trinsic property of a molecule. It is often correlated with electron delocalization, stability, and other properties. Small variations in the molecular geometry usually result in small changes in aromaticity, in line with Hammond’s postu-late: for example, introducing bond-length alternation in benzene and square cyclobutadiene gradually decreases the magnitude of their ring currents, making them less aromatic and less antiaromatic, respectively. A sign change in the ring current, corresponding to a reversal of aromaticity, typically requires a significant perturbation such as elec-tronic excitation, addition or removal of two electrons, or a dramatic change in the molecular geometry. Here, we use multireference calculations to show how small changes in bond-length alternation induce a sudden reversal in the ring current of cyclo[16]carbon, C16. This reversal occurs when the two orthogonal π systems of C16 sustain opposing currents. These results are rationalized by a Hückel model which includes bond-length alternation combined with a minimal model accounting for orbital contributions to the ring current. Finally, we successfully describe the electron-ic structure of C16 with a divide-and-conquer approach suitable for execution on a quantum computer.
Characterization of functionalized chromatographic silica materials : Coupling water adsorption and intrusion with NMR-relaxometry
Authors: Schlumberger Carola , Cuadrado-Collados Carlos , Söllner Jakob , Huber Christoph , Wisser Dorothea , Liu Hsiao-Feng , Chang Chun-Kai , Schuster Stephanie , Shure Mark , Hartmann Martin , Siepmann Ilja , Thommes Matthias
Published: August 2023

Silica is widely used as a support material for chemically-bound/bonded stationary phases in chromatographic separations. Tuning of textural properties and surface chemistry of stationary phase materials (SPMs) is crucial to enhance their selectivity to certain compounds. Silica supports are beneficial as surface modifications are possible with a large variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups, but their influence on the surface properties has not been evaluated in detail. In this sense, the contact angle is a key parameter for the assessment of surface chemistry but its quantification in pores is challenging and requires a combination of various experimental techniques. This work demonstrates that combining water adsorption and intrusion measurements allows for the determination of the effective contact angle of adsorbed water on the pore walls for wetting, partial wetting, and non-wetting situations. Furthermore, NMR relaxometry experiments reveal that the T1,ads.film /T2,ads.film-ratio can be correlated with the effective adsorption strength of water on the surface. Indeed, a linear correlation between the negative inverse ratio with the contact angle is observed. Our work demonstrates that water vapor adsorption and water intrusion experiments coupled with NMR relaxometry can be used as complementary tools to quantify the wettability and surface chemistry of nanoporous materials.
The Ambimodal Addition-Coupled Electron Transfer (ACET) Mechanism in a Pb(IV)-Promoted Oxidative Dearomatization Reaction
Authors: Ma Yumiao
Published: August 2023

The mechanism of Pb(IV) promoted phenol oxidative dearomatization reaction has been traditionally attributed to a carbocation mechanism. In 2011, Pettus reported an oxidative dearomatization reaction leading to a mixture of a formal [5+2] and a C–O bond formation product. By employing density functional theory (DFT) and quasi-molecular dynamics calculations, it was demonstrated that the reaction does not occur through a carbocation intermediate, but instead proceeds through an addition-coupled electron transfer (ACET) mechanism. Moreover, the ACET exhibits ambimodality, wherein a transition state results in 4 ~ 6 distinct outcomes through post-TS bifurcation. The reported selectivity can be effectively rationalized by the newly proposed mechanism.
Metadynamics Simulations Reveal Alloying-Dealloying Processes During CO2 Hydrogenation with Bimetallic PdGa Nanoparticle Catalysts
Authors: Baumgärtner Julian F. , Müller Andreas , Docherty Scott R. , Comas-Vives Aleix , Payard Pierre-Adrien , Copéret Christophe
Published: August 2023

Supported bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) are of great interest to industry and academia due to their high catalytic activity, but structure–activity relationships are difficult study due to the multitude of possible compositions, interfaces and alloys possible in these systems. This is particularly true for bimetallic NP catalysts involved in the selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol where the NP structure responds dynamically to the chemical potential of the reactants and prod-ucts. Herein, we use a recently developed combined computational and experimental approach that leverages ab-initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) and Metadynamics (MTD) in conjunction with in situ X ray absorption spectroscopy, chemisorption and CO-IR, to explore the dynamic structures and interactions with adsorbates under various CO2 hydrogenation conditions in well defined state-of-the-art silica-supported PdGa NPs on an atomic level. We find that PdGa alloying generates isolated Pd sites at the NP surface, changing the dominant binding modes of relevant adsorbates compared to pure Pd NPs: CO molecules mainly adopt terminal binding modes and hydrides switch from mainly internal to terminal and μ2-bridging in PdGa NPs. Under more oxidizing conditions, akin to CO2 hydrogenation for PdGa NPs, Ga is partially oxidised, forming a GaOX layer on the surface of the NP, with a partially dealloyed PdGa core, that retains some isolated Pd sites at the surface. Overall, these bimetallic NPs show high structural dynamics and a variable extent of alloying in the presence of different adsorbates relevant for CO2 hydrogenation. This work highlights that AIMD/MTD is a powerful approach to elucidate structural dynamics at a single particle level in complex catalytic systems