bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring when Uber behaves as a substitute or complement to transit: An examination of travel-time differences in Toronto
Authors: Young Mischa , Allen Jeff , Farber Steven
Published: September 2019

Policymakers in cities worldwide are trying to determine how ride-hailing services affect the ridership of traditional forms of public transportation. The level of convenience and comfort that these services provide is bound to take riders away from transit, but by operating in areas, or at times, when transit is less frequent, they may also be filling a gap left vacant by transit operations. These contradictory effects reveal why we should not merely categorize all ride-hailing services as a substitute or supplement to transit, and demonstrate the need to examine ride-hailing trips individually. Using data from the 2016 Transportation Tomorrow Survey in Toronto, we investigate the differences in travel-times between observed ride-hailing trips and their fastest transit alternatives. Ordinary least squares and ordered logistic regressions are used to uncover the characteristics that influence travel-time differences. We find that ride-hailing trips contained within the City of Toronto, pursued during peak hours, or for shopping purposes, are more likely to have transit alternatives of similar duration. Also, we find differences in travel-time often to be caused by transfers and lengthy walk- and wait-times for transit. Our results further indicate that 31% of ride-hailing trips in our sample have transit alternatives of similar duration (≤ 15 minute difference). These are particularly damaging for transit agencies as they compete directly with services that fall within reasonable expectations of transit service levels. We also find that 27% of ride-hailing trips would take at least 30 minutes longer by transit, evidence for significant gap-filling opportunity of ride-hailing services. In light of these findings, we discuss recommendations for ride-hailing taxation structures.
The aetiology of social deficits within mental health disorders: The role of the immune system and endogenous opioids
Authors: Charles Sarah Jane , Farias Miguel , Dunbar R. I. M.
Published: September 2019

The American National Institute for Mental Health (NIMH) has put out a set of research goals that include a long-term plan to identify more reliable endogenous explanations for a wide variety of mental health disorders (Insel, 2013). In response to this, we have identified a major symptom that underlies multiple mental health disorders – social bonding dysfunction. We suggest that endogenous opioid abnormalities can lead to altered social bonding, which is a symptom of various mental health disorders, including depression, schizophrenia and ASD. This article first outlines how endogenous opioids play a role in social bonding. Then we show their association with the body’s inflammation immune function, and review recent literature linking inflammation to mental health ‘immunophenotypes’. We finish by explaining how these immunophenotypes may be caused by alterations in the endogenous opioid system. This is the first overview of the role of inflammation across multiple disorders where we provide a biochemical explanation for why immunophenotypes might exist across diagnoses. We propose a novel mechanism of how the immune system may be causing ‘sickness-type’ behaviours (fatigue, appetite change, social withdrawal and inhibited motivation) in those who have these immunophenotypes. We hope that this novel aetiology can be used as a basis for future research in mental health.
Emotion recognition and deception detection
Authors: Zloteanu Mircea
Published: September 2019

People hold strong beliefs regarding the role of emotional cues in detecting deception. While research on the diagnostic value of such cues has been mixed, their influence on human veracity judgments should not be ignored. Here, we address the relationship between emotional information and veracity judgments. In Study 1, the role of emotion recognition in the process of detecting naturalistic lies was investigated. Decoders’ accuracy was compared based on differences in trait empathy and their ability to recognize microexpressions and subtle expressions. Accuracy was found to be unrelated to facial cue recognition but negatively related to empathy. In Study 2, we manipulated decoders’ emotion recognition ability and the type of lies they saw: experiential or affective. Decoders either received emotion recognition training, bogus training, or no training. In all scenarios, training was not found to impact on accuracy. Experiential lies were easier to detect than affective lies, but, affective emotional lies were easier to detect than affective unemotional lies. The findings suggest that emotion recognition has a complex relationship with veracity judgments.
Female Beauty in “As If It's Your Last” from BLACKPINK
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2019

This work reveals that the representation of female beauty in the music video (MV) entitled “As If It's Your Last” from BLACKPINK is demonstrated through physical (outer beauty) and personality (inner beauty). Furthermore, the signs and symbols in the MV shows the existence of female beauty is: (1) a product of media engineering; (2) made as a commodity object; nor (3) synonymous with luxury images.
The antiproliferative action of the “early” protein of papillomavirus HPV16 E2 on testis toumors of mice induced by the injection of Hela cells
Authors: Salyaev R. K. , Rekoslavskaya N. I. , Stolbikov A. S.
Published: September 2019

The аntiploliferative effect of the “early” protein of high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus HPV16 E2 on mice testis tumors was discovered after the indyction that was happened after the intramuscular injection of cancer HeLa cells suspension. The regression of mice testis tumors was mostly dramatic during first 1-2 days after oral vaccination with HPV16 E2 (500 mg per mice) made in tomato plant expression system that was gradually decreasing to control variant. The typical monolayer of HeLa cells on the cultivation flask bottom was appeared after seeding of testis tissue cells on the DMEM medium they were only for 18% functionally active according to the detection by the staining with nitroblue tetrazolium and trypane blue.
Early mesozoic alkaline magmatism of the western framing of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt: age and structural position
Authors: Yarmolyuk V. V. , Kozlovsky A. M. , Sal`nikova E. B. , Eenzhin G.
Published: September 2019

A zonal igneous area appeared at the western end of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt in the early Mesozoic. Its central part forms a giant Khentey-Dauria batholith, which from the north and west is framed by rift-like structures with bimodal and alkaline granite magmatism. The geochronological studies of the peralkaline granites of the Choyr and Gal-Shara massifs were carried out. These massifs belong to the North Gobi (southern) border of the batholith. The age of the first was 215 million years, the age of the second was 213 million years. It is shown that associations involving alkaline igneous rocks are fairly well developed in the North Gobi zone. They are controlled by faults and grabens of the northeast strike. Thus, it was established that the formation of the zonal magmatic area was characterized by a specific mode. In its central part, which corresponds to the zone of the Mongol-Okhotsk suture, anatexis and batholite formation processes took place, and the periphery was involved in the processes of rifting. The data obtained indicate the closure of the western part of the Mongol-Okhotsk trough before the formation of the zonal magmatic area. The structure of the magmatic area was determined by the mechanisms of the plume-lithospheric interaction in the region characterized by a collision suture (anatectic melting zone) and its less tektonic tense framing (rifting zones).
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEBIJAKAN HUTANG YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN (Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Industri Logam Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2015)
Authors: Nurita Endang
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari variabel Faktor-faktor Kebijakan Hutang yaitu, likuiditas (CR), Struktur Aktiva, Profitabilita (GM) terhadap kebijakan hutang (DER) dan pengaruh kebijakan hutang  terhadap nilai perusahaan (PBV) pada perusahaan manufaktur yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2015. Penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling untuk pengambilan sampel. Data diperoleh berdasarkan publikasi Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD), diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 perusahaan manufaktur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa besarnya kemampuan prediksi dari ketiga variabel independen ( Likuiditas 96,3%, Struktur Aktiva 52,1%, Profitabilitas 13,9 %) terhadap kebijakan hutang yang ditunjukkan dari besarnya adjusted R2, sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model. Sedangkan untuk variabel dependen price book value adjusted R2 berarti bahwa besar variasi variabel price book value yang dapat diterangkan oleh variasi variabel kebijakan hutang (DER) adalah sebesar 77,2% persen sedang sisanya dipengaruhi variabel lain di luar model penelitian.
Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga SBI, Nilai Tukar Terhadap Return LQ 45 dan Dampaknya Terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI)
Authors: Sari Widya Intan
Published: September 2019

IHSG merupakan cerminan dari kegiatan pasar modal secara umum. Peningkatan IHSG menunjukkan kondisi pasar modal sedang bullish, sebaliknya jika menurun menunjukkan kondisi pasar modal sedang bearish. Kejadian tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor baik mikro maupun makroekonomi. Diantara faktor makroekonomi yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam pergerakan IHSG adalah Inflasi, Suku Bunga SBI, Nilai Tukar dan Retun LQ 45 yang penulis gunakan sebagai objek penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui  pengaruh Inflasi terhadap Returm LQ 45, mengetahui pengaruh Suku Bunga SBI terhadap Return LQ 45, untuk mengetahui Nilai Tukar terhadap Return LQ 45, untuk mengetahui pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga SBI dan Nilai tukar terhadap Return LQ 45 dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga SBI dan Nilai tukar terhadap Return LQ 45 dan dampaknya terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG).
Pengaruh Return On Asset dan Free Cash Flow Tehadap Tingkat Leverage Perusahaan Pada PT. Wijaya Karya Tbk tahun 2013-2017
Authors: Haryoko Ugeng Budi , Melvianti Elisa
Published: September 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh return on asset dan free cash flow terhadap leverage perusahaan pada PT. Wijaya Karya, Tbk pada tahun 2013-2017.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif asosiatif artinya asosiatifHasil peneltian menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Hasil Penelitian Return On Asset (ROA) berpengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap tingkat leverage perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio pada PT.Wijaya Karya, Tbk tahun 2012 – 2017. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil t hitung sebesar -5,733 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,029 yaitu artinya lebih kecil dari alpha (0,029 < 0,05) artinya (H0) diterima dan (Ha) ditolak.dimana terdapat pengaruh negative dan signifikan Return On Asset (ROA) terhadap tingkat leverage perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio. Hasil Penelitian Free Cash Flow (FCF) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap tingkat leverage perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio pada PT.Wijaya Karya, Tbk tahun 2012 – 2017. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil t hitung sebesar 53,676 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000 yaitu artinya lebih kecil dari alpha (0,000 < 0,05) artinya (H0) ditolak dan (Ha) diterima.dimana terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Free Cash Flow (FCF) terhadap tingkat leverage perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio.Hasil Penelitian Return On Asset (ROA) dan Free Cash Flow (FCF) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat leverage perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio pada PT.Wijaya Karya, Tbk tahun 2012 – 2017. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil F hitung sebesar 1,737.876 dan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,001 yaitu artinya lebih kecil dari alpha (0,001 < 0,05) artinya (H0) ditolak dan (Ha) diterima, dimana terdapat pengaruh signifikan Return On Asset (ROA) dan Free Cash Flow (FCF) secara simultan terhadap tingkat leverage perusahaan yang diukur menggunakan Debt to Asset Ratio. Hasil r = 1,000 yang artinya hubungan antara kedua variable tersebut sangat kuat, dengan R2 = 0,999 atau 99,9% dan sisanya 0,1% dipengaruhi faktor lain.
Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente e Indicadores de Risco Nutricional no Paciente Oncológico em Quimioterapia
Authors: Gomes Nayara de Souza , Maio Regiane
Published: September 2019

Introdução: A Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente é recomendada durante a assistência nutricional em oncologia para detecção precoce do risco nutricional ou desnutrição. A localização do tumor e o esquema quimioterápico podem por si só auxiliar na detecção do risco nutricional. Objetivo: Descrever a classificação do estado nutricional, segundo método subjetivo, e os indicadores de risco nutricional no paciente oncológico em quimioterapia. Método: Estudo descritivo do tipo série de casos, realizado no setor de quimioterapia de um hospital universitário, de agosto a dezembro de 2014. Participaram da pesquisa indivíduos adultos e idosos, de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥20 anos, diagnosticados com câncer, acompanhados ambulatorialmente e que haviam iniciado o primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia. A localização do tumor e a terapia antineoplásica foram utilizadas como indicadores de risco nutricional. A avaliação nutricional foi realizada pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida pelo Próprio Paciente. Resultados: Foram estudados 30 pacientes, com idade média de 49,1±16,4 anos. Vinte e cinco entrevistados (83%) eram tratados exclusivamente com quimioterapia. Segundo a localização do tumor e o esquema quimioterápico, 67% e 100%, respectivamente, foram considerados de médio a alto risco nutricional. Pela avaliação subjetiva, 17 (56,7%) apresentaram risco nutricional ou desnutrição moderada (grau B) e seis (20%) desnutrição grave (grau C). Pela pontuação obtida no formulário subjetivo, a necessidade de intervenção nutricional foi verificada em 23 (76,7%). Conclusão: Na amostra estudada, foram elevadas as frequências de tumores e terapias agressivas de risco nutricional/desnutrição, assim como de necessidade de indicação de terapia nutricional.
Understanding Ostracism from Attachment Perspective
Authors: Hou Ning , Fan Jinyan , Tan James , Stuhlman Melissa , Liu Cong , Valdez Gustavo
Published: September 2019

The perception of being ostracized in a foreign country is a great obstacle that may lead to international students’ strain. The present study aimed to understand ostracism from the perspective of adult attachment. We proposed a moderated mediation model in which attachment anxiety was hypothesized as an antecedent of ostracism and as a moderator of the ostracism – strain links. Participants were 119 international students enrolled at a large public university in U.S. Results largely supported the model, which showed that the attachment anxiety exaggerate the harmful effects of perceived ostracism on depression and physical symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Mentoring and Supervising International Students in School Counseling Programs
Authors: Asempapa Bridget
Published: September 2019

Graduate counseling programs in the United States have increased their population of international students. However, limited studies have addressed the challenges of international students, specifically in school counseling programs. Considering the cultural disparities that exist for international school counseling students and the challenges associated with being an international student in general, this article identifies and delineates a culturally appropriate mentoring and supervision model that has the potential to shape the experiences of international students in school counseling training programs. The model presented through a case study argues that intentional mentoring and supervision for international school counseling students enhance productivity during students’ field experiences in U.S. school systems.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK SANTRIWAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN AL-JIHAD SURABAYA
Authors: Handayani Dwi
Published: September 2019

Smoking is one of the health risk behaviors that increasingly threatens young and even teenagers. Not only in public schools, but also the increasing number of Islamic boarding schools. Even in some Islamic boarding school activities, in addition to serving food, the boarding school also provides treats for cigarettes. This is a challenge that is still difficult to resolve, because the age of smokers is getting younger. This study aims to find out the relationship between knowledge and attitude with smoking behavior of students in Surabaya Al Jihad Islamic Boarding School. Method: This study was an analytic observational study with crossectional design. The population of this research is all students who live in Al Jihad Islamic Boarding School Surabaya. The study sample was 97 respondents who were selected by random sampling. Data collection is done by interviewing using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the chi square test. This study shows that there is no significant relationship between knowledge (p = 0.885) and santriwan smoking behavior. But there is a significant relationship between attitudes and santriwan smoking behavior (p = 0.025). Strengthening the knowledge and attitudes of santrians regarding smoking is important, because this can affect the smoking behavior of santri in Islamic boarding schools. It is expected that the leaders and managers of Islamic Boarding Schools are committed to implementing a non-smoking area by providing warning bans on smoking around Islamic boarding schools
Muutos yhteiskunnassa, yliopistossa ja historiassa
Authors: Lanas Maija
Published: September 2019

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PERANCANGAN MEDIA INFORMASI KOTA TUA JAKARTA UTARA MELALUI SIGN SYSTEM YANG TERINTEGRASI WEBSITE
Authors: Rizqullah Mohamad Farid , Swasty Wirania
Published: September 2019

AbstrakPeremajaan kawasan wisata di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta khususnya daerah wisata Kota Tua Jakarta menjadi salah satu bentuk serius pemerintah untuk mempromosikan tempat - tempat wisata yang ada di Jakarta. Revitalisasi Kota Tua juga dilakukan agar tetap menjaga nilai - nilai sejarah dan budaya yang ada di sana. Namun permasalahan muncul ketika tidak informatif serta kurang strategisnya penempatan wayfinding serta sign system yang berisi informasi, sejarah, dan profil Kota Tua sehingga banyak pengunjung yang masih kesulitan mencari informasi dan navigasi tempat yang ada di Kota Tua. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan sebuah sign system serta wayfinding yang informatif dan strategis. Di samping itu, masih kurangnya informasi dan navigasi tentang Kota Tua di website resmi menjadi faktor lain yang membuat pengunjung kesulitan pada saat akan maupun sedang mengunjungi Kota Tua. Penelitian ini merupakan studi terapan dengan penggunaan metode campuran. Pengumpula data dilakukan melalui wawancara, kuesioner dan observasi di wilayah Kota Tua khususnya Zona 2 Fatahillah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis visual proyek sejenis. Studi menghasilkan sign system yang terintegrasi dengan website sebagai media informasi untuk kawasan wisata Kota Tua Jakarta dengan penggayaan desain neoklasik. Hal ini diharapkan dapat memfasilitasi para pengunjung dalam mencari informasi dan navigasi saat mengunjungi Daerah Wisata Kota Tua Jakarta tersebut. Kata Kunci: Kota Tua Jakarta, neoklasik, sign system, wayfinding, website AbstractTourist area rejuvenation in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, especially the tourist area of Kota Tua (the Old Town) of Jakarta, has become a serious form of the government to promote tourist attractions in Jakarta.  The revitalization of Kota Tua was also carried out to preserve the historical and cultural values that existed. But the problem emerges when uninformative and less strategic placement of wayfinding and sign systems that contain information, history, and profiles of Kota Tua so that many visitors are still having difficulty to find information and navigation in Kota Tua.  Therefore, it needs a sign system and informative, strategic wayfinding. Despitefully, the lack of information and navigation about Kota Tua on the official website is another factor that makes visitors having difficulty when going to or visiting Kota Tua. The research is the applied study that used a mix method. Data collected through the interviews, questionnaires, and observations in the Kota Tua area, especially Zone 2 Fatahillah and data analysis was done by visual analysis of similar projects. This study generates a sign system that integrated with the website as media information for the Kota Tua Jakarta tourism area with the neoclassical design style and expected to facilitate visitors in searching for information and navigation when visiting the tourist area of Kota Tua Jakarta.   Keywords: Kota Tua Jakarta, neoclassic, sign system, wayfinding, website
Catherine II: Uniform Dresses and Regional Uniforms
Authors: Ivleva Victoria
Published: September 2019

Soon after the coup d’état of 1762, which brought Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great, to power, Vigilius Erichsen painted the equestrian portrait of the Empress in the Life Guards’ uniform. Catherine wore this uniform during the coup that dethroned her husband, Peter III. This article analyses this episode of cross-dressing in the context of Catherine's legitimation narrative. It further examines the uniform dresses that she wore for various regimental occasions. The dresses combined elements of traditional Russian garments and European fashion. The final section of the article studies the regional uniforms that Catherine II introduced for nobles, civil servants and their wives as part of her regional reforms after Pugachev's rebellion (1773–1775). I discuss these uniforms in the context of a revival of interest in the regions and local civil service, and in the context of national and transnational processes in Europe in the late eighteenth century.
PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FASCILITATION STRETCHING LEBIH EFEKTIF DALAM MENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS FUNGSIONAL DARIPADA STATIC STRETCHING PADA PENDERITA OSTEOARTHRITIS LUTUT
Authors: Nurhayati Ummy Aisyah
Published: September 2019

Latar belakang: osteoatrhtitis lutut merupakan proses degeneratif yang sering menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas fungsional. Stretching adalah satu teknik yang dipakai dalam mengatasi penurunan aktivitas fungsional. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui PNF stretching lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional daripada static stretching pada penderita osteoarthritis lutut. Metode: rancangan penelitian ini eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized pre-test and post-test group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 40 orang penderita osteoarthritis lutut grade I-II yang dibagi dua kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberikan PNF stretching dan Kelompok 2 diberikan statis stretching. Penelitian ini dilakukan 3 kali seminggu selama 4 minggu dengan skala WOMAC. Hasil: hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan aktivitas fungsional sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dengan rerata 62,93±0,67 dan 37,26±0,51 dengan nilai p=0,00. Pada Kelompok 2 didapatkan rerata sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan yaitu 62,86±1,03 dan 45,22±1,26 dengan nilai p=0,00. Artinya, Kelompok 1 dan kelompok 2 sama-sama terjadi peningkatkan aktivitas fungsional secara bermakna. Dari uji independent t-test didapatkan nilai p=0,00 yang berarti ada perbedaan pengaruh pemberian PNF setretching dan static setretching dalam meningkatan aktivitas fungsioanal pada penderita osteoatrhritis lutut dengan selisih rerata Kelompok 1 sebesar 25,66% dan Kelompok 2 sebesar 17,66%. Simpulan: PNF stretching lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional daripada static stretching pada penderita osteoarthritis lutut. Saran: Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu diaplikasikan dalam klinis untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional pada penderia osteoarthritis lutut.
Effect of Tip Mass Length Ratio on Low Amplitude Galloping Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub
Published: September 2019

Galloping beams were exposed to the wind free stream and is used for sustainable wind-power harnessing. In this paper, the effect of tip mass on the performance of a galloping energy harvester is investigated by simple modeling of the system, which is useful for broad engineering applications of these systems. Here, the piezoelectric layer attached to a cantilever beam with a tip mass exposed to the wind free stream is used as an energy harvester. A fluid–solid interaction model is used to simulate the problem. The fluid–solid interaction model is composed of the experimental data for aerodynamic loads and one-dimensional structural model of piezoelectric and beam material with Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The governing partial differential equations of the system are solved analytically by use of the approximation method. The resulting model is confirmed by preceding experimental results. The effects of the tip mass length ratio on the onset of galloping, the level of the produced voltage, and the harvested power are determined analytically. As shown by increase of the length of tip mass for the constant beam and piezoelectric length, the inertia of the system increases while the tip displacement and onset of galloping decrease.
Model-Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Spacecraft with an Application for the SONATE Triple Cube Nano-Satellite
Authors: Djebko Kirill , Puppe Frank , Kayal Hakan
Published: September 2019

The correct behavior of spacecraft components is the foundation of unhindered mission operation. However, no technical system is free of wear and degradation. A malfunction of one single component might significantly alter the behavior of the whole spacecraft and may even lead to a complete mission failure. Therefore, abnormal component behavior must be detected early in order to be able to perform counter measures. A dedicated fault detection system can be employed, as opposed to classical health monitoring, performed by human operators, to decrease the response time to a malfunction. In this paper, we present a generic model-based diagnosis system, which detects faults by analyzing the spacecraft’s housekeeping data. The observed behavior of the spacecraft components, given by the housekeeping data is compared to their expected behavior, obtained through simulation. Each discrepancy between the observed and the expected behavior of a component generates a so-called symptom. Given the symptoms, the diagnoses are derived by computing sets of components whose malfunction might cause the observed discrepancies. We demonstrate the applicability of the diagnosis system by using modified housekeeping data of the qualification model of an actual spacecraft and outline the advantages and drawbacks of our approach.
Mitochondria-Rich Cells: A Novel Type of Concealed Cell in the Small Intestine of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtles (Pelodiscus Sinensis)
Authors: Ali Vistro Waseem , Liu Yifei , Xu Mengdi , Yang Ping , Haseeb Abdul , Huang Yufei , Bai Xuebing , Yu Liang , Gandahi Noor Samad , Tarique Imran , Chen Qiusheng
Published: September 2019

Although some studies have been conducted over the past few decades, the existence of mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) in reptiles is still obscure. This is the first study to uncover the presence of MRCs in the small intestine of Chinese soft-shelled turtles. In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural characteristics of MRCs and the secretion of different ion transport proteins in the small intestine of Pelodiscus sinensis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ultrastructural features of MRCs are clearly different from those of other cells. The cytoplasmic density of MRCs was higher than absorptive epithelial cells (AECs) and goblet cells (GCs). MRCs possessed abundant heterogeneous mitochondria and an extensive tubular system in the cytoplasm, however, the AECs and GCs completely lacked a tubular system. Statistical analysis showed that the diameter and quantification of mitochondria were highly significant in MRCs. Mitochondrial vacuolization and despoiled mitochondria were closely associated with autophagosomes in MRCs. The multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and the exosome secretion pathway were observed in MRCs. Immunohistochemical staining of ion transport proteins indicated positive immunoreactivity of Na+/K+_ATPase (NKA) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) at the basal region of the mucosal surface. Likewise, the immunofluorescence staining results showed a strong positive localization of NKA, NKCC, and carbonic anhydrase (CA) at the basal and apical region of the mucosal surface of small intestine. Our findings suggest that MRCs provide support and regulate cellular ions for intestinal homeostasis and provide energy for cellular quality control in intestine.
Effect of Curcumin Supplement in Summer Diet on Blood Metabolites, Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and Testicular Gene Expression in Hu Sheep
Authors: Jiang Zhiyang , Wan Yongjie , Li Peng , Xue Yang , Cui Wenwen , Chen Qi , Chen Jianqin , Wang Feng , Mao Dagan
Published: September 2019

In summer, the high temperature affects animal growth and reproductive performance. Curcumin is a flavonoid with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. To evaluate the effects of dietary curcumin supplement on the blood biochemical parameters and testicular gene expressions in Hu sheep in summer, a total of 144 male Hu sheep aged four months were randomly divided into three groups (Con, Cur1, and Cur2, n = 48). Sheep in Con, Cur1, and Cur2 groups were fed a basal diet supplement with 0, 450, and 900 mg (per sheep) curcumin daily, respectively. Sheep were fed for 35 days, including a pre-feed for seven days. The results showed that the supplement with 450 mg and 900 mg curcumin increased serum free fatty acid (NEFA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as IgA and IgM. The supplement with 450 mg curcumin increased the IgG level, while the supplement with 900 mg curcumin had a lower IgG level than the supplement with 450 mg curcumin (p < 0.05). Dietary curcumin supplement increased testicular organ index, serum testosterone level, and testicular star mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary curcumin supplement linearly inhibited testicular apoptosis with increased testicular bcl-2 mRNA expression and decreased caspase-3 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary curcumin supplement can promote lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune response, as well as testicular development, in Hu sheep, which provides evidence of application of curcumin in sheep production.
In Vitro Propagation of Rheophytic Orchid, Epipactis flava Seidenf.—A Comparison of Semi-Solid, Continuous Immersion and Temporary Immersion Systems
Authors: Kunakhonnuruk Boworn , Inthima Phithak , Kongbangkerd Anupan
Published: September 2019

Epipactis flava Seidenf. is an endangered Thai rheophytic orchid that has recently shown a rapid decrease in its natural habitat, prompting an urgent need for conservation using ex situ reintroduction methods. Temporary immersion system (TIS) has been successfully applied for large-scale propagation in various plants species. Propagation efficiency of E. flava using TIS was investigated and compared with conventional semi-solid system (SSS) and liquid continuous immersion system (CIS). The highest percentage of new shoot and shoot bud formation was obtained from TIS, followed by CIS and SSS, respectively. Growth parameters as indicated by number of new shoots, shoot buds, shoot height and leaves per explant were significantly higher using TIS than with SSS and CIS. Moreover, the maximum number of new shoots and shoot buds per replication were reliably obtained from TIS higher than SSS and CIS. After acclimatization, the highest survival percentage of plantlets was observed in TIS (76.7%), with 60% surviving after eight weeks of transplantation in artificial stream. TIS was determined as the most suitable culture system for in vitro mass propagation of E. flava compared to CIS and SSS.
The Role of Butyrate on Monocyte Migration and Inflammation Response in Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Larasati Rahma Ayu , Harbuwono Dante Saksono , Rahajeng Ekowati , Pradipta Saraswati , Nuraeni Hanny Siti , Susilowati Andi , Wibowo Heri
Published: September 2019

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a very serious global problem. In Indonesia, this disease attacks at the most productive age; consequently, it can reduce economic status and life expectancy. The pathogenesis of T2DM is very closely related to inflammation and macrophage accumulation. However, no anti-inflammatory agent has been proven to play a role in the management of T2DM. Butyrate is a short chain fatty acid produced from resistant starch fermentation in the intestinal lumen. It is able to bind to GPR41 and GPR43 receptors on monocytes, so that it can change the pattern of cytokine expression, activation, migration and cell differentiation. Hence, it is interesting to examine the anti-inflammation effect of butyrate and the effect on monocyte migration. A total of 37 subjects were examined in this study. They were divided into two groups, with and without butyrate treatment. We analyzed two pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor TNF-α and Interleukin IL-6) and one anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL 10. Monocytes were isolated in type 1 collagen gel for migration testing using the µ-slide chemotaxis IBIDI. Image analysis used ImageJ and Chemotaxis tool software. There was a significant difference in the TNFα/IL 10 ratio between healthy groups and T2DM. Butyrate also appears to suppress TNFα cytokine production and increase IL10 production. It also decreases the accumulation distance of monocyte migration in T2DM.
Systemic and CSF Interleukin-1α Expression in a Rabbit Closed Cranium Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Croci Davide Marco , Wanderer Stefan , Strange Fabio , Grüter Basil E. , Casoni Daniela , Sivanrupan Sivani , Widmer Hans Rudolf , Di Santo Stefano , Fandino Javier , Mariani Luigi , Marbacher Serge
Published: September 2019

Background: The inflammatory pathway in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leads to delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The role of IL-1α has never been evaluated in a rabbit SAH model. The aim of our study is to analyze systemic and CSF changes of IL-1α, and to evaluate potential associations with the onset of DCVS in a rabbit closed cranium SAH model. Methods: 17 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into two groups, SAH (n = 12) and sham (n = 5). In the first group, SAH was induced by extracranial-intracranial shunting from the subclavian artery into the cerebral cistern of magna under intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. The sham group served as a control. The CSF and blood samples for IL-1α measurement were taken at day zero before SAH induction and at day three. Results: There was a significant increase of ICP (p = 0.00009) and a decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (p = 0.00089) during SAH induction. At follow up, there was a significant increase of systemic IL-1α in the SAH as compared with the sham group (p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference in the CSF values in both groups. The CSF IL-1α values showed a correlation trend of DCVS. Conclusions: Systemic IL-1α levels are elevated after SAH induction in a rabbit SAH model.
Leptin Promotes Expression of EMT-Related Transcription Factors and Invasion in a Src and FAK-Dependent Pathway in MCF10A Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Olea-Flores Monserrat , Zuñiga-Eulogio Miriam , Tacuba-Saavedra Arvey , Bueno-Salgado Magdalena , Sánchez-Carvajal Andrea , Vargas-Santiago Yovani , Mendoza-Catalán Miguel A. , Pérez Salazar Eduardo , García-Hernández Alejandra , Padilla-Benavides Teresita , Navarro-Tito Napoleón
Published: September 2019

Leptin is one of the main adipokines secreted in breast tissue. Leptin promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and invasion in epithelial breast cells, leading to tumor progression. Although, the molecular mechanisms that underlie these events are not fully understood, the activation of different signaling pathways appears to be essential. In this sense, the effects of leptin on the activation of kinases like Src and FAK, which regulate signaling pathways that activate the EMT program, are not completely described. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of these kinases using an in vitro model for leptin-induced EMT process in the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cell line. To this end, MCF10A cells were stimulated with leptin, and Src and FAK activation was assessed. Specific events occurring during EMT were also evaluated in the presence or absence of the kinases’ chemical inhibitors PP2 and PF-573228. For instance, we tested the expression and subcellular localization of the EMT-related transcription factors Twist and β-catenin, by western blot and immunofluorescence. We also evaluated the secretion and activation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) by gelatin zymography. Invasiveness properties of leptin-stimulated cells were determined by invadopodia formation assays, and by the Transwell chamber method. Our results showed that leptin promotes EMT through Src and FAK activation, which leads to the secretion and activation of MMP-2 and MMP-9, invadopodia formation and cell invasion in MCF10A cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that leptin promotes an increase in the expression levels of Twist and β-catenin, the secretion of MMP-2, MMP-9, the invadopodia formation and invasion in MCF10A cells in a Src and FAK-dependent manner.
Impact of Diabetic Stress Conditions on Renal Cell Metabolome
Authors: Lagies Simon , Pichler Roman , Bork Tillmann , Kaminski Michael M. , Troendle Kevin , Zimmermann Stefan , Huber Tobias B. , Walz Gerd , Lienkamp Soeren S. , Kammerer Bernd
Published: September 2019

Diabetic kidney disease is a major complication in diabetes mellitus, and the most common reason for end-stage renal disease. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus encounter glomerular damage by basement membrane thickening, and develop albuminuria. Subsequently, albuminuria can deteriorate the tubular function and impair the renal outcome. The impact of diabetic stress conditions on the metabolome was investigated by untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The results were validated by qPCR analyses. In total, four cell lines were tested, representing the glomerulus, proximal nephron tubule, and collecting duct. Both murine and human cell lines were used. In podocytes, proximal tubular and collecting duct cells, high glucose concentrations led to global metabolic alterations in amino acid metabolism and the polyol pathway. Albumin overload led to the further activation of the latter pathway in human proximal tubular cells. In the proximal tubular cells, aldo-keto reductase was concordantly increased by glucose, and partially increased by albumin overload. Here, the combinatorial impact of two stressful agents in diabetes on the metabolome of kidney cells was investigated, revealing effects of glucose and albumin on polyol metabolism in human proximal tubular cells. This study shows the importance of including highly concentrated albumin in in vitro studies for mimicking diabetic kidney disease.
Optimizing Water Droplet Diameter of Spray Cooling for Dairy Cow in Summer Based on Enthalpy Difference Theory
Authors: Ding Tao , Sun Baoxi , Shi Zhengxiang , Li Baoming
Published: September 2019

Spray cooling is widely used in relieving heat stress in dairy cows during summer, in which the cooling effect is highly correlated to the diameter of water droplet. To optimize the average diameter of spraying droplet (ADSD) in the process of heat transfer, a theoretical analysis was performed based on the enthalpy difference theory in this study. A platform was built to simulate the processes of spray cooling and its heat stress alleviation to dairy cows in field, and a field experiment was applied to verify the diameter of water droplets suitable for spray cooling. Heat exchange was calculated for eighteen different ADSD in three different environment conditions in the laboratory. The spraying droplets with eighteen diameters were formed by using six different nozzles under the combinations of three pressures and two wind speeds conditions, which were controlled by heaters. The relationship between the ADSD and heat exchange was established with the purpose to determine the appropriate diameter for practical production. In the field test, body temperature, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate of dairy cows were monitored, and the heat exchange was analyzed to verify the optimal diameter spraying cooling in summer. Results showed that the heat exchange generally increased as ADSD increased, and maximum heat exchanges were reached when the ADSD was averaged at 0.914 mm and 0.995 mm, under which the models of the corresponding nozzles were 9080 and 9010, respectively. After that, the heat exchange decreased as the ADSD continued to increase. Field experiment indicated that the best cooling effect could be achieved with the ADSD of 0.947 mm, and the water consumption for spray cooling was reduced by 22.8% under the scenario.
Active Control and Validation of the Electric Vehicle Powertrain System Using the Vehicle Cluster Environment
Authors: Ye Ming , Long Yitao , Sui Yi , Liu Yonggang , Li Qiao
Published: September 2019

With the development of intelligent vehicle technologies, vehicles can obtain more and more information from various sensors. Many researchers have focused on the vertical and horizontal relationships between vehicles in a vehicle cluster environment and control of the vehicle power system. When the vehicle is driving in the cluster environment, the powertrain system should quickly respond to the driver’s dynamic demand, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly passing through the cluster environment. The vehicle powertrain system should be regarded as a separate individual to research its active control strategy in a vehicle cluster environment to improve the control effect. In this study, the driving characteristics of vehicles in a cluster environment have been analyzed, and a vehicle power-demanded prediction algorithm based on a vehicle-following model has been proposed in a cluster environment. Based on the vehicle power demand forecast and driver operation, an active control strategy of the vehicle powertrain system has been designed considering the passive control strategy of the powertrain system. The results show that the vehicle powertrain system can ensure a sufficient backup power with the active control proposed in the paper, and the motor efficiency is improved by 0.61% compared with that of the passive control strategy. Moreover, the overall efficiency of the powertrain system is increased by 0.6% and the effectiveness of the active control is validated using the vehicle cluster environment.
Self-Adaptive High-Frequency Injection Based Sensorless Control for Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Bottesi Omar , Calligaro Sandro , Alberti Luigi , Petrella Roberto
Published: September 2019

An auto-tuning and self-adaptation procedure for High Frequency Injection (HFI) based position and speed estimation algorithms in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drives is proposed in this paper. Analytical developments show that, using conventional approaches, the dynamics of the high-frequency tracking loop varies with differential inductances, which in turn depend on the machine operating point. On-line estimation and adaptation of the small signal gain of the loop is proposed here, allowing accurate auto-tuning of the sensorless control scheme which does not rely on a priori knowledge of the machine parameters. On-line adaptation of Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) gains and of the injected voltage magnitude is also possible, leading to important advantages from the performance, loss and acoustic point of view. The theoretical basis of the method has been introduced first and the main concept demonstrated by means of simulations. Implementation has been carried out using the hardware of a commercial industrial drive and two Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors, namely a prototype and an off-the-shelf machine. Experimental tests demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposal.
Effect of Salt Addition upon the Production of Metabolic Compounds by Yarrowia lipolytica Cultivated on Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol Diluted with Olive-Mill Wastewaters
Authors: Tzirita Markella , Kremmyda Maria , Sarris Dimitris , Koutinas Apostolis A. , Papanikolaou Seraphim
Published: September 2019

One of the major environmental problems is the highly toxic agro-industrial waste called olive mill wastewater (OMW), deriving from olive oil production. On the other hand, the continuous development of the biological liquid fuel industry (biodiesel and bioethanol) makes it mandatory the process and exploitation of their main by-products, crude glycerol. This study dealt with the biotechnological conversions of biodiesel-derived crude glycerol with the use of the non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in media that had been diluted with OMWs. OMWs, employed as simultaneous liquid medium and substrate, is a new trend recently appearing in Industrial Biotechnology, where value-added metabolites could be produced with simultaneous partial detoxification (i.e. decolorization and phenol removal) of the used residue. In the present study, diluted OMWs (containing 2.0 g/L of total phenolic compounds) blended with 70.0 g/L crude glycerol were employed as substrates. Production of value-added compounds by Y. lipolytica strain ACA-YC 5031 was studied in nitrogen-limited media favoring the production of secondary metabolites (i.e. citric acid, polyols, microbial lipids, polysaccharides). Batch-flask cultures were carried out and the impact of the addition of different NaCl concentrations (1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% w/w) added upon the biochemical behavior of the strain was studied. Remarkable biomass production was observed in all trials, while in the “blank” experiment (no OMWs and no salt added), the metabolism was shifted toward the synthesis of polyols (Σpolyols = mannitol + arabitol + erythritol > 20 g/L and maximum total citric acid-Cit (sum of citric and isocitric acid) = 10.5 g/L). Addition of OMWs resulted in Citmax = 32.7 g/L, while Σpolyols concentration dropped to <15 g/L. Addition of salt in the OMW-based media slightly reduced the produced biomass, while Cit production drastically increased, reaching a final value of 54.0 g/L (conversion yield of Cit produced per unit of glycerol consumed = 0.82 g/g) in the trial with addition of 5.0% NaCl. Finally, significant color and phenols removal were observed, evaluating the yeast as a decontamination medium for the OMW and a great candidate for the production of value-added compounds.