bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elevated Lipoprotein Lipase Activity Does Not Account for the Association Between Adiponectin and HDL in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Calderon Rossana M. , Diaz Sylvia , Szeto Angela , Llinas Jose A. , Hughes Thomas A. , Mendez Armando J. , Goldberg Ronald B.
Published: May 2015

Context:

Increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is common in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and is associated both with hyperadiponectinemia and with elevated lipoprotein lipase activity (LPL). Because adiponectin has been shown to increase LPL expression, elevated LPL may link the hyperadiponectinemia in T1D with increased HDL.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether LPL activity accounts for the association between adiponectin and HDL in T1D.

Design, Participants, and Setting:

A cohort of 127 patients with T1D attending the Diabetes Clinic at the University of Miami and 103 healthy control subjects were recruited.

Main Outcome Measure:

HDL-C and adiponectin were measured in the full cohort and in a subgroup, HDL subfractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation, and LPL and hepatic lipase were measured in postheparin plasma.

Results:

Total HDL-C and the lowest density HDL subfraction, apolipoprotein A-I, LPL activity, and adiponectin levels were higher in subjects with T1D than in control subjects (P < .05). Both adiponectin and LPL activity were directly associated with total HDL-C and its lowest density subfraction, but adiponectin and LPL were not correlated (P = 0.13). Adiponectin alone explained 11.6% and adiponectin plus LPL explained 23.8% of the HDL-C variance. In a multivariate model, adiponectin remained an independent predictor of HDL-C along with LPL and serum creatinine, explaining together 27% of HDL-C variance.

Conclusions:

Adiponectin was strongly associated with HDL-C in T1D, suggesting that hyperadiponectinemia is linked to the elevated HDL-C in this population. However, this relationship is independent of the association between LPL and HDL-C. Thus, elevated adiponectin and LPL activity are independently related to increased HDL-C in T1D.
Minireview: Role of Intracellular Scaffolding Proteins in the Regulation of Endocrine G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling
Authors: Walther Cornelia , Ferguson Stephen S. G.
Published: May 2015

The majority of hormones stimulates and mediates their signal transduction via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The signal is transmitted into the cell due to the association of the GPCRs with heterotrimeric G proteins, which in turn activates an extensive array of signaling pathways to regulate cell physiology. However, GPCRs also function as scaffolds for the recruitment of a variety of cytoplasmic protein-interacting proteins that bind to both the intracellular face and protein interaction motifs encoded by GPCRs. The structural scaffolding of these proteins allows GPCRs to recruit large functional complexes that serve to modulate both G protein-dependent and -independent cellular signaling pathways and modulate GPCR intracellular trafficking. This review focuses on GPCR interacting PSD95-disc large-zona occludens domain containing scaffolds in the regulation of endocrine receptor signaling as well as their potential role as therapeutic targets for the treatment of endocrinopathies.
WELL-INFORMED IGNORANCE
Authors: Innerarity Daniel
Published: May 2015

In a so-called knowledge society, whenever we have to choose, decide, anticipate, or entrust a task, the range of options available tends to be so large that we cannot be satisfied that no relevant possibilities have been overlooked. Both individuals and societies as a whole are compelled to manage this explosion of opportunities in its myriad forms, which is why the astute management of the excess of options occupies the majority of their time. Our most important act is the organization of uncertainty. Given the lack of proportion between our limited knowledge and the problems we need to confront, what we celebrate as a “knowledge society” is also a society of ignorance. This essay, published as a guest column, concludes that, in the coming years, the principal controversies we will face will involve questions about what we know, about what we do not know, and about the incompleteness of the knowledge on which we must base collective decisions.
PEACEFUL CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND ITS DISCONTENTS IN AESCHYLUS'S EUMENIDES
Authors: Hall Edith
Published: May 2015

The earliest ancient Greek text to narrate the resolution of a large-scale conflict by judicial means is Aeschylus's tragedy Eumenides, first performed in Athens in 458 BC. After explaining the historical context in which the play was performed—a context of acute civic discord and the imminent danger of an escalation of reciprocal revenge killings by the lower-class faction in Athens—this article offers a new reading of the play and asks if it can help us think about the challenges inherent in conflict resolution today. The prosecutors are the Erinyes (Furies), the archaic supernatural agents of murder victims; their responsibility, in predemocratic Greece, before the invention of law courts, was to punish murderers. The defendant is Orestes, who has killed his mother but argues that, since she had killed his father, he was acting justly. The judges consist of eleven Athenian citizen jurors plus the presiding god, Athena, whose twelfth vote carries slightly more weight than any of the others. The article concludes that some aspects of the procedure are exemplary, especially Athena's insistence on respecting each side's right to be heard, her sensitivity toward the grievances felt by the defeated Erinyes, and the compensation they are offered. On the other hand, the tragedy clearly shows how difficult it is for a fair legal judgment to be made without a view to larger issues of national expedience, security, and inherent power structures, especially that of patriarchy.
Puzzle—Chess Avoidance Puzzles
Authors: Chlond Martin J.
Published: May 2015

Atype of chess based puzzle devised by Erich Friedman is described and modeled using integer programming. In these puzzles the solver is required to place a given set of chess pieces on to an irregular grid such that no occupied squares are attacked by another piece.

A MathProg model is included together with an Excel spreadsheet with the model embedded The purpose of this is to encourage instructors to investigate the possibility of using the Excel add-in SolverStudio as a teaching tool.
Forest Products Industry in a Digital Age: A Look at E-Commerce and Social Media
Authors: Montague Iris , Gazal Kathryn Arano , Wiedenbeck Jan , Shepherd Jean-Gabriel
Published: May 2015

The business of marketing, promotions in particular, has changed substantially during the past decade. Physical means of promotion (e.g., newspapers, magazines, radio, billboards) have seen a decline, and the use of social media as a marketing tool has increased significantly. While a number of studies regarding the use of social media among Fortune 500 companies have been conducted, very limited information is available regarding social media use in the US forest products industry. This article presents part one of a two-part series and addresses the first three of the following five objectives: (1) identify the type(s) of e-commerce and social media tools forest products companies use, (2) identify and describe the reasons a company chooses to use or not use social media as a marketing tool, (3) identify and describe perceptions held about social media as a marketing tool, (4) examine factors affecting the use of social media marketing in the forest products industry, and (5) examine the effectiveness of social media marketing. The study included a questionnaire that was mailed to US forest products manufacturers in late 2013. Results show that close to 58 percent of respondents currently use some form of social media. The most common social media tool implemented was Facebook. Increasing company exposure and branding were cited as the most important reasons for using social media. Security of sensitive information and the cost of implementing a social media marketing strategy were the top concerns about adopting social media. The information collected from this study can be used in assisting the forest products industry in understanding the social media marketing world and developing an effective social media marketing strategy.
Decline in the Pulp and Paper Industry: Effects on Backward-Linked Forest Industries and Local Economies
Authors: Brandeis Consuelo , Guo Zhimei
Published: May 2015

Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills consume close to 52 percent of southern roundwood, providing a significant market to southern forest landowners. Declining numbers of pulpwood-using mills and downward trends in mill capacity, however, present a growing challenge to the southern forest sector. Shrinking mill capacity affects rural communities that depend on mill demand for labor and other production inputs. This study investigates the effect of pulp mill closures on the regional and local economy, focusing on the spillover effects to forestry and forest products industry. Multiregional input–output models were built for two mill closures using Impact Analysis for Planning (IMPLAN) showing linkages among different sectors, households, and governments in the regional economy. Results revealed the different effects across wood procuring zones with areas displaying significant loss in logging activity. Significance to other forestry-related industries depended on closed mills' inputs. We compared our results with information available in the literature regarding expected economic impact from a wood pellet mill, an alternative market for small-size wood. We expect research results will provide valuable information to policymakers and managers when addressing likely future changes in the paper manufacturing industry.
Using Pharmacokinetic Profiles and Digital Quantification of Stained Tissue Microarrays as a Medium-Throughput, Quantitative Method for Measuring the Kinetics of Early Signaling Changes Following Integrin-Linked Kinase Inhibition in an In Vivo Model of Cancer
Authors: Kalra Jessica , Dragowska Weislawa H. , Bally Marcel B.
Published: May 2015

A small molecule inhibitor (QLT0267) targeting integrin-linked kinase is able to slow breast tumor growth in vivo; however, the mechanism of action remains unknown. Understanding how targeting molecules involved in intersecting signaling pathways impact disease is challenging. To facilitate this understanding, we used tumor tissue microarrays (TMA) and digital image analysis for quantification of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in order to investigate how QLT0267 affects signaling pathways in an orthotopic model of breast cancer over time. Female NCR nude mice were inoculated with luciferase-positive human breast tumor cells (LCC6Luc) and tumor growth was assessed by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). The plasma levels of QLT0267 were determined by LC-MS/MS methods following oral dosing of QLT0267 (200 mg/kg). A TMA was constructed using tumor tissue collected at 2, 4, 6, 24, 78 and 168 hr after treatment. IHC methods were used to assess changes in ILK-related signaling. The TMA was digitized, and Aperio ScanScope and ImageScope software were used to provide semi-quantitative assessments of staining levels. Using medium-throughput IHC quantitation, we show that ILK targeting by QLT0267 in vivo influences tumor physiology through transient changes in pathways involving AKT, GSK-3 and TWIST accompanied by the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD and an increase in Caspase-3 activity.
Assessment of microbiological contamination of radiographic devices in School of Dentistry
Authors: Silva de Freitas Claudio Vanucci , Dias Laércio Santos , Araújo Camilla Silva de , Da Silva Vanessa Camila , Neto Valério Monteiro , Lima de Souza João Inácio
Published: May 2015

Although dental radiology is not directly involved in either invasive procedures or in the use of piercing-cutting material, the high-touch areas of dental x-ray device, including radiographic films, are a potential source of infection. The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of cross infection present in the dental x-ray devices of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Maranhão by investigating the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in high-touch areas of dental x-ray devices (tube head, timer button, portable processing box and lead apron). Twenty surfaces of 4 dental radiology clinics were cultured in different media. The results showed that 70 percent of the surfaces had contamination. All the dental x-ray devices assessed were contaminated (tube head, timers or both) as well as all the lead aprons. The portable processing boxes showed 75 percent of contamination. The groups found no statistical significance between the different surfaces assessed and the microorganisms. The highest frequent microorganisms found were from Staphylococcus genus. The authors concluded that because of the high incidence of contamination found, the x-ray devices used in the dental clinics could be at potential risk of cross infection, demonstrating the necessity for applying biosecurity practices when taking radiographic and during radiographic processing.
Dentistry teachers and the Burnout Syndrome
Authors: Zucoloto Miriane Lucindo , Maroco João , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini
Published: May 2015

The Burnout Syndrome is considered a psychosocial problem to which teachers are routinely exposed. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of burnout in Dentistry teachers and its relation to relevant socio-demographic variables. The participants were 70 teachers from the undergraduate Dentistry Course, Faculty of Dentistry of Araraquara – UNESP. Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) was used. The prevalence of burnout was estimated. In order to compare mean scores of burnout dimensions for each variable of interest Student’s t tests, for a significance level of 5%, were performed. Mean age of participants was 46.0 ± 6.1 and teaching experience was 19.6±7.6 years. The prevalence of burnout was 17.1%. Low mean scores for Exhaustion (2.11±0.61) and Disengagement (1.73±0.50) were observed. There were statistically significant differences in the exhaustion dimension between genders (p=0.049), for participants who reported taking medication due to work (p=0.008) and for those who have thought about quit teaching (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between Exhaustion scores as to teaching experience and also Disengagement scores according to the habit of taking medication, the experience as a teacher and gender.
Mesiodistal and buccolingual crown size and height of deciduous teeth from a tooth bank in Brazil
Authors: Anfe Taciana Emília de Almeida , Arakaki Yuri , Nakamura Denise Moral , Vieira Glauco Fioranelli
Published: May 2015

Objective: The size of primary teeth in the current Brazilian population has not been studied; the aim of this in vitro study was to measure anterior and posterior deciduous teeth in respect to mesiodistal, buccolingual and crown height sizes. Methods: A sample of 1095 deciduous teeth was obtained from a tooth bank at Dental School from São Paulo University. The measurements were made with a digital caliper. Only unworn, undamaged teeth were measured. Results: In mesiodistal diameter, maxillary central incisor showed the highest variation and first mandibular molar showing the least. In buccolingual sizes, mandibular second molar was the tooth with higher variability. Conclusion: This study provides a complete record of deciduous teeth size in Brazilian children. There was an evident variation of size of the primary teeth.
Histomorphometric analysis of the effects of calcitonin on alveolar socket repair in diabetic rats
Authors: Delgado Adriana da Mota , Fernandes Gomes Mônica , De Oliveira Amorim José Benedito , Mariuba Marta Verônica
Published: May 2015

O objetivo desse estudofoi fazer uma avaliação histomorfométrica da cicatrização do alvéolo dental na presença crónica de calcitonina de salmão (16UI/Kg) na condição do diabetes. Para isso sessenta ratos albinos foram utilizados. Estes animais foram divididos em três grupos: controle (C), diabético (D) e diabéticos tratados com calcitonina(Dca). Os grupos D e Dca receberam uma injeção única 45mg/Kg intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina-STZ. Após duas semanas, todos os animais foram submetidos a exodontia do incisivo superior direito e cinco animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados aos 15, 30 e 45 dias pós-operatórios. As peças foram fixadas, descalcificados e incluídas em parafina. Os blocos obtidos foram cortados com 6 micrômetros de espessura e  corados com hematoxilina e eosina para estudo morfológico. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que nos animais tratados com calcitonina houve alteração na cicatrização da ferida após extração dental, atenuando o comprometimento da dinâmica da reparação óssea  comumente observada no estado diabético.
Comparative study of bond strength to human and bovine dentine at three different depths
Authors: Anido-Anido Andréa , Amore Ricardo , Lewgoy Hugo Roberto , Anauate-Netto Camillo , Silva Tânia Mara , Paiva Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength to three different depths of remaining human and bovine dentin, through shear bond strength test, and to establish a possible relationship among the depths of the substrates to contribute for the replacement of human dentin in bond strength tests. Forty-eight human teeth (H) and forty-eight bovine teeth (B), freshly extracted, stored in distilled water and frozen at -18 ° C for at most four weeks were used in this study. 240-, 400-, 600- and 800-grit sandpapers were used to expose the dentin and standardize the smear layer at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mm of dentin thickness. Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus adhesive system was used following the manufacturer’s instructions, on a standardized area of 4mm, followed by the incrementally application of Z100 resin composite (3M). The shear bond test was performed in the Instron Universal machine at cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA (p <0.05). There were significant differences in bond strength between H and B teeth, with the highest values for H teeth. There was a significant difference in bond strength to the depths analyzed but there was similarity in behavior between H (0.5mm) and B (2mm) substrates. Bovine substrate can be used for laboratory studies of bond strength as indicative of the initial performance of new products, although the differences related to human substrate should be observed.
Strain Gauge: study of strain distributions around three Morse taper prosthetic connections with offset positioning in machined and plastic copings under vertical load
Authors: Santos Vivian Mayumi Miyazaki , Sousa Talitha de Cássia Silva , Louzada Frederico Freire , Nishioka Gabriela Nogueira de Melo , Nishioka Renato Sussumu
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate through strain gauge the strain distribution occurred around 3 Morse taper implants with positioning offset, by varying the types of copings: plastic and machined. Microunit prosthetic abutments were connected onto the implant platforms. Ten frameworks composed of 3 copings were casted in cobalt-chromium alloy as single block (Co-Cr). Half of the copings were machined (n=5) and half were made of plastics (n=5). Four strain gauges were placed into the polyurethane block tangential to the 3 implants. The frameworks were fixed at their respective sites with the aid of a retaining screw with torque of 20 N.cm, achieve with a mechanical torquemeter. The vertical load of 30 Kg was applied through a spherical point of 2 mm diameter for 10 s, onto each one of the 3 screws of the framework through a device for load application The records of the strain reading were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). There were statistically significant differences (p=0.0174) between the coping type used (machined and plastic). The micro strain mean values were: point C at the machined coping 282.5 ?m (±120.8), point B at the machined coping 229.5 ?m (±76.1), point A at the machined coping 209.8 ?m (±55.0), point C at the plastic coping 155.0 ?m (±30.5), point B at the plastic coping 146.2 ?m (±25.8) and point A at the plastic coping 130.36 ?m (±21.83). It was concluded that there was a significant difference between the coping types, once the plastic coping exerted smaller micro strain on Morse taper implants than the machined copings.
Nifedipine-Induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Florio Ornella , Tfouni Maysa , Balducci Ivan , Marco Andrea Carvalho de , Neves Jardini Maria Aparecida , Dias Almeida Janete
Published: May 2015

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine and to correlate it with plaque accumulation. Material and Methods: Sixty patients were divided into a treated group (n=30) consisting of hypertensive patients treated with nifedipine and a control group (n=30) consisting of patients without arterial hypertension. The following exams were performed on the first visit: anamnesis, measurement of blood pressure, weight and height, extra- and intraoral examination, and determination of the vertical and horizontal gingival overgrowth indices, plaque index, and bleeding index. The measurements were repeated after 30 days. Results: Most patients using nifedipine (60.7%) presented grade I horizontal gingival overgrowth (1 to 2 mm), with 3.6% showing minimum vertical gingival overgrowth. On the return visit, the plaque index was reduced by 8.3% and bleeding on probing was reduced by 1.5%. A significant difference in the horizontal gingival overgrowth index was observed between the treated and control groups (chi-square test, p = 0.015, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present results demonstrated moderate gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine and a correlation with oral hygiene.Key words: gingival overgrowth, nifedipine, periodontal diseases.
Oral Health Longitudinal Evaluation of students from a public school after guidance and implementaion of preventitive measures
Authors: Rêgo Heleine Maria Chagas , Barcellos Daphne Camara , Perote Letícia Carvalho Coutinho Costa , Cavalheiro Karina , Huhtala Maria Filomêna Rocha Lima , Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva , Pucci Cesar Rogerio
Published: May 2015

Objective: To assess longitudinally the DMFT, plaque and gingival rates of children and teenagers from a public school in São José dos Campos, Brazil, after performing a preventive and motivational program through the University Extension program of School of Dentistry of Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos – UNESP. Materials and Methods: 300 students were randomly selected and divided into three groups, Group 1: 100 children from 2nd to 5th grade of elementary school, Group 2: 100 children from 6th to 9th grade of elementary school; Group 3: 100 teenagers from first to third year of high school. A questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge about oral habits and general oral health of students. Clinical examinations were performed to assess the gingival, DMFT and plaque index in the initial time (t0), 1 year (t1) and 2 years (t2). The questionnaire and clinical examination results led to implementation of a scheme to promote oral health throughout the school years. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Results: Mean values for DMFT were: Group 1: t0 = 2.3 / t1 = 2.28 / t2 = 1.88, group 2: t0 = 1.81 / t1 = 1.56 / t2 = 1.51 and Group 3: t0 = 1.92 / t1 = 2.61/ t2 = 1.86; for dental plaque index: group 1: t0 = 3.83/ t1 = 2.62/ t2 = 2.30, group 2: t0 = 2.06 / t1 = 3.24 / t2 = 1.39; Group 3: t0 = 2.27 / t1 = 0.94 / t2 = 0.8, and the gingival index: group 1: t0 = 1.31 / t1 = 0.79 / t2 = 0.96, group 2: t0 = 1.27 / t1 = 0.84 / t2 = 0.38; group 3: t0 = 1.21 / t1 = 0.82 / t2 = 0.23. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in all evaluated indexes after 2 years of program, confirming thus the importance of systematic implementation of preventive measures.
Bond Strength of composite repairs using flowable or conventional resins or the association of both
Authors: Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Calamari Raira Cruz , Batista Graziela Ribeiro , Gutierrez Natalia Cortez , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes
Published: May 2015

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of flowable resin as an intermediate agent on composite repairs on bond strength. Methods: Thirty truncated cones of Grandio SO (VOCO) were prepared and thermo-cycled for 5000 cycles for artificial aging. Specimen’s surface were sandblasted with aluminum oxide, cleaned with air/water spray and conditioned with phosphoric acid for 15s. After that, one coat of Admira Bond Adhesive (VOCO) was applied and light cured for 20s. Specimens were divided into 3 groups according to the repair material used (n= 10): Conventional Resin – Grandio SO (R), A thin layer of Flowable resin – Grandio SO Heavy Flow + conventional Resin (FR) and Flowable resin (F). Over the original specimens, a sectional cone-shape teflon matrix was hold in position , and the cones were built, according the groups described above. Another thirty specimens were built, 10 of each group, simulating a restoration without repair. Specimens were submitted to tensile stress in a universal testing machine. Data were recorded in MPa and evaluated with ANOVA, Tukey´ s and non-paired “t’’ tests. Results: ANOVA showed significant differences between groups which were performed repair (p< 0.00). The results of Tukey´ s test for these groups were: R (19.89 5.31)ab, F+R (14.49 5.59)a, F (20.91 3.99)b. The groups followed by the same letter did not show statistical differences. Non-paired “t” test showed that groups R and F repairs were similar of the correspondent groups which simulated a restoration without repair. Conclusions: The repair with conventional or flowable composite produced bond strength values similar to cohesive strength of the same materials. The use of a thin layer of flowable resin as an intermediate agent in composite repair decreased the bond strength when compared the same method for restoration.
Influence of dentin abrasion methods on the bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems
Authors: Rocha Patrícia Itocazo , Zanatta Rayssa Ferreira , Pagani Clóvis , Rodrigues José Roberto , Borges Alessandra Bühler
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of two self-etching adhesive systems with different types of dentin abrasion. Thirty two sound human molars were selected and had the dentin surface exposed and flattened. Tooth were randomly divided into four experimental conditions, according with the adhesive system [Clearfil SE Bond (SE) and One- Up Bond F(ONE)] and the type of dentin abrasion [conventional diamond bur (D) and ultrasounddiamond bur (CVD)]. The adhesives were applied following manufactures’ instructions and light cured composite blocks of 4mm height were placed over dentin. After storage in distilled water for 24 h in 37 ºC, serial cuts were made on mesio-distal and buccal-lingual direction, obtaining specimens with stick format, with cross section of 8mm². The microtensile test was performed at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min and load cell of 10kg, until failure. Data were submitted to ANOVA-2-Way followed by Tukey test (5%). The results (MPa) were: D/SE:24.06±8.84, D/ONE:15.03±8.61, CVD/SE:39.90±8.24 and CVD/ONE:15.03±8.61. It can be concluded that the adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond showed higher bond strengthrelated with the abrasion with CVD; the type of dentin abrasion interfered on the performance of Clearfil SE Bond but did not influence the One-Up Bond F results.KEYWORDSSelf-etching adhesive systems, Microtensile, Bondstrength, Dentin.
A comparison of methods used to determine chewing side preference in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Camara , Silva Melissa Aline , Batista Graziela Ribeiro , Pleffken Patricia Rondon , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Pucci César Rogério , Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: May 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ‘chewing side preference’ (CSP) is correlated to ‘chewing side preference during the first chewing cycle’ (CSP1ºC) in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions.Methods: Three-hundred subjects were divided in 3 groups: Group 1 – 100 children 3-5 years old, primary dentition; Group 2 – 100 children 6-12 years old, mixed dentition; Group 3 – 100 subjects 18-47 years old, permanent dentition. CSP was determined using a method developed by McDonnell et al. (2004). Subjects were given a piece of gum and the position of the chewing gum was recorded 7 times as right or left. Subjects were classified as ‘observed preferred chewing side’ (OPCS) when they performed 5/7, 6/7 or 7/7 strokes on the same side. OPCS corresponded to the CSP. CSP1ºC was determined using a method developed by Hoogmartens and Caubergh (1987). Subjects were given five pieces of gum and the position of the chewing gum at first chewing cycle was recorded as right or left. For each subject, an index (I) was performed. The Chi-square (X2) and phi correlation (r) tests were used to investigate signi?cant correlations between CSP and CSP1ºC. Results: There was a strong positive and significant correlation between CSP and CSP1ºC for primary dentition (p=0.000; r=0.82), for mixed dentition (p=0.000; r=0.81) and a very strong positive and significant correlation for permanent dentition (p=0.000; r=0.90). Conclusion: CSP can be significantly correlated to CSP1ºC for primary dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition, and these are strong positive relationships for primary and mixed dentitions and very strong positive relationship for permanent dentition.
Effect of alpha amylase on early childhood caries: a matched case-control study
Authors: Mojarad Farzad , Fazlollahifar Samira , Poorolajal Jalal , Hajilooi Mehrdad
Published: May 2015

Objectives: There are a few studies addressing the relationship between salivary alpha-amylase and dental caries. This study was implemented in order to investigate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase level on early childhood caries (ECC).Materials and Methods: In this matched case-control study, which was carried out from November 2011 to March 2012 in Hamadan City, the west of Iran, mean levels of salivary alpha-amylase of 84 ECC-active cases were compared to that of 84 ECC-free controls using spectrophotometric method to assay enzyme kinetics. The two groups were matched by oral hygiene (frequency of tooth brushing per day) and food habits (frequency of sugar consumption between servings). Subsequently, a subsample of 28 cases was undergone emergency treatment of dental caries. Alpha amylase level was measured before treatment and 30 to 45 minutes later.Results: The results indicated an inverse relationship between alpha-amylase level and dental caries. The mean level of salivary alpha-amylase was 28.27 and 42.08 kU/L in cases and controls respectively (P=0.001). In addition, emergency treatment of dental caries increased the level of salivary alpha-amylase significantly from 15.05 kU/L before treatment to 23.94 kU/L thereafter (P=0.001) although the level of alpha-amylase did not reach the normal level of ECC-free controlsConclusion: Generally it can be concluded that low levels of alpha-amylase may promote early childhood caries. On the other hand, dental caries may subsequently reduce the level of salivary alpha-amylase. This vicious cycle may promote and then accelerate caries formation among susceptible people with low level of salivary alpha-amylase.
Multidisciplinary approach for crown-root fracture treatment after trauma: case report
Authors: Andriolo Gisele Cristina Galdeano , Hamanaka Elizane Ferreira , Luvizuto Eloá Rodrigues , Sonoda Celso Koogi , Pedrini Denise , Panzarini Sônia Regina
Published: May 2015

The development of an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan can be a complex task, especially in cases of dentoalveolar trauma. The authors present a case report of crown-root fracture caused by trauma and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment. An 18-year-old boy suffered a bicycle accident resulting in dental trauma. The right upper first molar showed a complicated crown-root fracture and the left lower second pre-molar showed an uncomplicated crown-root fracture. Endodontic treatment, controlled tooth extrusion, periodontal surgery for recovery of biological width and porcelain crown and onlay restoration were performed. Aesthetic and functional results were achieved. Two years follow-up has shown that the dental/onlay interface of the right upper first molar was stained and the onlay of the left lower second pre-molar was fractured. Therefore, the interface stained was repaired and a porcelain crown was made for the lower second pre-molar. The clinical case presented herein can conclude that a multidisciplinary treatment plan is extremely important for a proper resolution in cases of dentoalveolar trauma.
The use of bisphosphonates in dental clinic: a review of the last five years
Authors: Pereira Yamba Carla lara , Do Nascimento Glauce Crivelaro
Published: May 2015

The bisphosphonates are drugs for synthetics used without treatment of neoplasms and bone, Paget's disease and more reason for excitement in cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These drugs resemble some known side effects, however, was recently identified a new complication, with oral manifestation, called Osteonecrosis. When this necrosis of the bone bases is associated to the use of Bisphosphonates, gets its name from Osteonecrosis of MS would expire by Bisphosphonates. The type of bisphosphonate, a route of administration and duration of treatment with these drugs seem to have direct relation with the incidence of osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonates. The aim of this work was to present a revision last five in relation to available bisphosphonates groups Brazil, emphasizing those used in the treatment of Osteoporosis, associating them to Osteonecrosis of would expire and as possible prior to diagnostic aspects from image Diagnostics. It is the impact of these non-current world stimulated new lines of research looking for the larger of these illnesses, perishes opening its, Qin as best approaches and forms of diagnosis faster, aiming to improve circulation and reduce treatment possible unwanted side effects. Key Words: Biphosphonates, Osteonecrosis of the Jaws, Dental radiographs, Treatment.
May the flexural strength of ceramics be influenced by salivary pH?
Authors: Cotes Caroline , Macedo Vanessa Cruz , Camillo Mariana , Lara Bruna , Carvalho Rodrigo , Martinelli Carolina , Kimpara Estevao
Published: May 2015

Objective. This study purpose was compare the three-point flexural strengths of 50 feldspathic ceramic after storage in artificial saliva. Material and methods. The bars were luted with resin cement and subjected to storage in artificial saliva of different pHs. Results.  The values of flexural strength were significantly higher for the bars stored in distilled water, at neutral and basic pH, when compared with the results for the bars stored in acidic pH and in acid/basic pH. Conclusions. Storage for 30 days in artificial saliva at acidic pH, or alternating between acidic and basic pH, can reduce the mechanical properties of ceramics.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis x) – in the mandible
Authors: Camargo Angela Jordão , Cheade Mayara , Martinelli Celso , Monteiro Solange Aparecida Caldeira , Santos Christiano de Oliveira , Watanabe Plauto Christopher Aranha
Published: May 2015

This article reports a case of 65 year-old man consultedin a private radiology dental clinic for a panoramicradiography, where was indicated a radiolucent area,extending into the periapical region of the teeth 35 to 43 to the base of the mandible. Radiographydiagnosis was difficult. The immunohistochemical examination showed immunoreactivity for theproteins CD 68, S-100 and CD 1a. Histopathologicaldiagnosis was obtained for Langerhans cell granuloma(histiocytosis X). Langerhans cell histiocytosis iscaused by the abnormal proliferation of histiocytes, previously called Histiocytosis X. It is a rare diseasethat preferentially affects children and young adultswith a predilection for males and can affect differentparts of the body.KeywordsAdult; Histiocytosis; Langerhans; Mandible.
Histological and microhardness evaluation of early artificial carious lesions in human and bovine enamel: in vitro study
Authors: Masuda Allan Kenji , Quitero Mayra Fidelis Zamboni , Espejo-Trung Luciana Cardoso , Cerqueira Luz Maria Aparecida Alves
Published: May 2015

Objective: Early carious lesions in bovine and humanenamel developed in vitro using a pH cycling regimenwere compared. Material and Methods: Fifteencentral bovine incisors and fifteen recently extractedhuman third molars were randomly divided into twogroups: ten for the cross-sectional microhardness test(MT) and five for polarized light microscopy (PLM)analysis. Enamel blocks measuring 5 x 5 mm weremade from the buccal face of the teeth. The blocksused for the MT were sliced into two halves: “A” and“B”. “A” slices were embedded in acrylic resin, withthe face of the dentin-enamel junction left exposedfor the MT prior to pH cycling. “B” slices and wholeblocks were coated with acid-resistant varnish,except a 3 x 3 mm central window, and submitted tothe pH cycling regimen (demineralizing solution for3 h and remineralizing solution for 21 h) over fiveconsecutive days. The “B” slices were then submittedto the MT and the whole blocks were processed forthe PLM study. Results: The PLM analysis revealedshallow, extensive lesions in the bovine enamel,hardly showing the superficial, dark and translucentzones, as well as deep cavity lesions in the humanenamel, with the body of the lesion and the darkzone evident. The MT revealed a significant decreasein microhardness in the superficial levels of thebovine enamel caries and at all depth levels of thehuman enamel caries. Conclusion: The pH cyclingregimen adopted led to the development of deeperand more demineralized carious lesions in humanenamel than bovine enamelKeywordsDental caries; Dental enamel; Microhardness tests; Polarization microscopy.
Effect of root perforations on the bond strength of fiberglass post using different adhesive systems and resin cement
Authors: Kubo Cláudio Hideki , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Madureira Paloma Grasso , Da Silva Eduardo Galera , Martinho Frederico Canato , Pagani Clovis
Published: May 2015

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of rootperforations on the bond strength of fiberglassposts cemented to the root canal with two adhesivesystems and resin cement. Material and Methods:Forty single-rooted human teeth received endodontictreatment and were prepared for the cementationof fiberglass posts (Exacto Mini, Angelus). Theteeth were divided into four experimental groups(n = 10) according to the root condition (with orwithout perforation) and the adhesive system used:G1: without perforation + Adper Single Bond 2(3M ESPE), G2: without perforation + Clearfil SEBond (Kuraray), G3: with perforation + AdperSingle Bond 2, G4: with perforation + Clearfil SEBond. The perforation was executed on the rootsurface with a diamond bur and sealed with whitemineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). The specimenswere sectioned and a push-out test was carriedout (1 mm/min speed and 50 kgf). The data werestatistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Test(5%). Results: Adper Single Bond 2 promoted thegreatest values of bond strength to the roots withoutroot perforation. The presence of root perforation ledto the reduction in bond strength values regardlessof the bonding system used (p < 0.05). Conclusion:The root perforations caused a direct effect on thebond strength of the fiberglass posts cemented byreducing the bond strength values to the root dentinregardless of the adhesive system used.KeywordsAdhesion; Cementation; Dental adhesives; Dental cements; Fiberglass pins.
Influence of adhesive system in bond strength of fiber glass posts to radicular dentin using dual cure resin cement
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Camara , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Silva Melissa Aline , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Franco Lucas Teixeira
Published: May 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength between root dentin and glass fiber posts cemented with dual cure resinous cement associated with the conventional and self-etching adhesive systems. Twenty-four single-rooted human teeth were selected, and the crowns were removed at the cement enamel junction. The roots received biomechanical preparation and obturation followed by the intraradicular preparation compatible with a drill diameter of the glass fiber posts. The roots were divided into two groups, according to cementation protocol (n-12): Group 1 - etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 30 seconds, total-etch adhesive system Single Bond (3M ESPE)  and Enforce  resinous cement (Dentsply); Group 2 – self-etch adhesive system One Up Bond F (Tokuyama)  and Enforce  resinous cement (Dentsply). After the posts cementation, the roots were kept at 370 C for one week, and submitted to pull out test on the universal testing machine Emic to a traction speed of 1 mm/min. Data in MPa were submitted to the statistical t-test (5%). The t-test showed significant differences between the two groups (p=0.003). The average values in MPa (±standard-deviation) were: Group 1: 5.28(±3.25), Group 2: 10.05(±3.78). Enforce associated with the self-etch adhesive system One Up Bond F showed significantly higher bond strength values than Group 1 - Enforce associated with the total-etch adhesive system Single Bond.
Randomized, Double-masked, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial on the Effects of Propolis and Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses on Gingivitis
Authors: Anauate-Netto Camilo , Anido-Anido Andréa , Lewgoy Hugo Roberto , Matsumoto Ricardo , Alonso Roberta Caroline Bruschi , Marcucci Maria Cristina , Paulino Niraldo , Bretz Walter Antonio
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of typified propolis and chlorhexidine mouthrinses on gingival health in a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trial.Methods: Sixty participants were randomized to 3 mouthrinse study groups: 1) 2% typified propolis (n=20); 2) 0.12% chlorhexidine (n=20), and 3) placebo (n=20). Participants rinsed unsupervised twice a day for 28 days. The Papillary Bleeding Score (PBS) was measured on the mesio-buccal surfaces of all teeth at baseline and 28 days thereafter. Co-variance analysis was employed to compare PBS average values and the number of sites with PBS ?2 among study groups. Sub-group analysis was further applied to participants who were <40 years-old.Results: The results show efficacy of propolis mouthrinse when comparing before and after treatment protocols significantly for a reduction of mean PBS scores. When looking at younger participants after 28 days, propolis mouthrinse was superior to all groups in reducing mean PBS scores and significantly so when compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse.Conclusion: The efficacy of 2% typified propolis mouthrinse was demonstrated in reducing the levels of gingival inflammation. These results need to be duplicated by other investigators by employing similar study protocols.Descriptors: Randomized Clinical Trial, Propolis, Chlorhexidine, Gingivitis
Influence of cleansing agents on enamel and dentin bond strength to a one-step adhesive system
Authors: Tachibana Arlene , Morimoto Susana , Soares de Azevedo Cynthia , Matos Adriana Bona
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the influence of application mode of cleansing agents, on enamel and dentin during the adhesion process of a one-step adhesive system.Materials and Methods: 24 human molars were sectioned into halves along the long axis for enamel and dentin tests. The cleansing agents used were hydrogen peroxide, anionic detergent, and antiseptic solution. In the experiment, these agents were applied with and without friction on enamel and dentin surfaces. A one-step adhesive system (Clearfil S3 Bond) was applied on dental surface and composite resin cylinders were built using Tygon tubing molds. After 24 h, ?SBS test (1 mm/ min) and fracture analysis were performed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in bond strength values regarding the application mode of cleansing agents for enamel and dentin (p?0,05).Conclusions: Regarding bond strength, application mode of the cleansing agents used in this study presented the same behavior.
Occlusal Characteristics of Primary Dentition in Sudanese Children in Khartoum State
Authors: Abuaffan Amal H. , Abd-Alrahman Roa Mohammed
Published: May 2015

Objective: To determine the occlusal characteristics feature of primary dentition in a group of Sudanese children.Methods: A sample of 381 children age 3-5 years old, randomly selected from kindergartens in Khartoum Stat. Clinical examination was done to all children fulfil the inclusion criteria in the teacher office and in natural day light. Prevalence of different types of terminal plane, types of primary canine relationship and spacing of the primary dentition were assessed.Results: Flush terminal plane was the most prevalent type of terminal plane (72.2%). Class I canine relationship was the most common type of primary canine relationships (95%). In the upper arch primate space and physiological spaces were present in 90.3% and 82.4% of the children, respectively. Nevertheless, the lower arch showed primate spaces in 70.1% and physiological spaces in74.8% of the children.Conclusion: Large number of the examined children in had flush terminal plane and spacing primary dentition that forecasts development of normal occlusion in their permanent dentition.Background: Occlusal relationships in the primary dentition play an important role in the consequential final occlusion in permanent dentition. Therefore, good knowledge of occlusal relationships in children is essential for dental practitionersDesign: A descriptive, cross-sectional study done in randomly selected kindergartens in Khartoum State to determine the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition in a group of Sudanese children.
Confocal laser scanning microscopy investigation of bond interfaces involved in fiber glass post cementation
Authors: Fagundes Ticiane Cestari , Somensi Daniele Salazar , Dos Santos Paulo Henrique , Navarro Maria Fidela Lima
Published: May 2015

Objective: This confocal microscopy study evaluated the cement/dentin and cement/post interfaces along the root canal walls when fiber glass posts were bonded to dentin using different types of cements.Material and methods: Thirty endodontically treated premolars were divided into 3 groups according to the adhesive materials used in the bonding procedure: Prime & Bond 2.1/Self Cure + Enforce, RelyX Unicem and RelyX Luting. Rhodamine B dye was incorporated in the luting materials for the cementation of the fiber glass posts (Exacto, Angelus) to dentin. Three transversal slices (apical, middle and coronal) were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kappa, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunnet tests.Results: The Prime & Bond 2.1/Self Cure + Enforce presented a uniform formation of tags in the dentin but gaps in the cement/dentin interface. The RelyX Unicem and RelyX Luting presented an adhesive interface with a fewer amount of gaps, but showed shorter tag formation than the Enforce system. All cements presented the same pattern of bubbles inside the cements. The RelyX Luting presented a greater amount of cracks inside the cement in comparison with the other cements in the coronal third, while no difference was observed between RelyX Unicem and Enforce. The RelyX Luting showed the lowest quantity of cement penetration into the post.Conclusions: In general, the quality of bonding interfaces of fiber posts luted to root canals was affected by both location and type of cement.