bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Del juicio de Dios a los juicios de los hombres. Una aproximación al problema de la ‘verdad’ en el Derecho
Authors: Martínez de Pisón José
Published: May 2019

El derecho es un orden normativo inspirado en el valor Justicia. Pero, ¿este enfoque del derecho implica que la búsqueda de la verdad sea el objetivo principal de la tarea de los operadores jurídicos? Algunas decisiones recientes dan la impresión que no sea ésta la labor principal de los aplicadores del derecho. Sin embargo, un análisis de la historia del derecho probatorio, de los modos de la prueba de los hechos, muestra que siempre ha existido, de un modo u otro, la aspiración de encontrar los hechos realmente acaecidos. Pero, paradójicamente, esos modos de la verdad jurídica se muestran como un Gran Engaño. Por eso, la filosofía del derecho insiste en la necesidad de una justificación racional de las decisiones jurídicas.
El debido proceso con enfoque de género en Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Peñaranda María Luisa
Published: May 2019

El derecho fundamental al debido proceso ha sido una de las principales conquistas jurídicas en la protección de los individuos frente al abuso del poder y la injusticia. Este macro derecho reúne una serie de etapas, procedimientos y conjunto de garantías que tras ser respetadas permite culminar con una decisión jurídica y socialmente valorada como justa. No obstante, las dinámicas y modus operandi que rodean las violencias de género, principalmente en el ámbito privado y sin testigos válidos, desafía la manera en que hasta hace poco era entendido el material probatorio adecuado para evidenciar la vulneración de los derechos. En este artículo se analiza cómo en virtud de los desarrollos de los derechos humanos de las mujeres a una vida libre de violencias, y de conformidad con las convenciones internacionales como la CEDAW y la Convención Belém do Pará, el enfoque de género aplicado al debido proceso alberga un triple contenido sustancial, procedimental y metodológico. Así se exige a las y los funcionarios judiciales prestar atención a cómo los estereotipos sexistas afectan a las mujeres en el acceso a la justicia; que las pruebas tradicionales sean acompañadas de un nuevo material como perfiles psicológicos y psiquiátricos; la aplicación de metodologías investigativas que den cuenta del contexto que produce la violencia y las relaciones de poder que gestan las situaciones de subordinación entre los géneros.  Además, se precisa que en los Estados reposa la carga de investigar, sancionar y reparar a las víctimas de conformidad al principio-derecho a la debida diligencia. Por último, se propone crear puentes teóricos entre las metodologías feministas y el derecho, para lo cual se analiza el método del posicionamiento planteado por la académica estadounidense Katharine Bartlett.
Sistemas de reputación online (Reputational Feedback Systems), opiniones falsas y competencia desleal
Authors: Mora Astaburuaga Aitor , Prado Seoane Jesús Aitor
Published: May 2019

Una de las primeras cosas en las que nos fijamos al contratar a través de plataformas de comercio electrónico es en las opiniones de los demás clientes. Sin embargo, ¿son estas opiniones fiables? Este trabajo trata de analizar el funcionamiento de estos sistemas de reputación online (reputational feedback systems) y el efecto que tiene su falseamiento en el ámbito de la competencia desleal.
A study of reduced port laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Nimbark Biraju D. , Barot Mithun V.
Published: May 2019

Background: The objective was to study various technical feasibility and safety, benefit of three port cholecystectomy over four port cholecystectomy.Methods: Total 25 patients have taken part in study with valid consent, in B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. All patient study regarding operative time, conversion rate, inta-operative complication, immediate postoperative complication, postoperative pain, requirement of postoperative analgesic, hospital stay, feasibility and safety.Results: Out of 25 patient mean ages 39.5 ranging from 25 to 60. Female 88%, male 12% are in this study. 72% patient have multiple stone, 28% have single stone. 96% and 4% patient has distended and contracted GB respectively. 92% patient have normal GB wall and 8% have thickened GB wall. 8%, 68% and 20% patient were discharge on 3rd, 2nd and 1st postoperative day respectively. Mean postoperative day was 4 ranging from 1 to 10. Conversion rate to open procedure is 12% in this study.Conclusions: Three port cholecystectomy is safe procedure in expert hand. It has less requirement of analgesic with less hospital stay with good cosmetic result.
A cross-sectional observational study to assess the awareness regarding needle prick injuries among health care providers of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Guleri Sunil K. , Panika Ram K.
Published: May 2019

Background: Health care workers (HCW) are at risk of an occupational exposure to blood borne diseases like HIV and Hepatitis B through accidental needle stick injuries. This study was conducted to assess the awareness regarding needle prick injuries among health care providers and their exposure to NSIs in a tertiary care medical college hospital with 750 bed capacity.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on 300 voluntarily participated HCWs out of total 650 HCWs. A semi structured questionnaire was used to assess their knowledge about exposure to blood and body fluids, needle stick injuries and associated risks and post exposure prophylaxis. Details of previous exposures to NSIs in last one year (2017-18) were also asked and their opinion about role and responsibilities of hospital administration for management of NSI was also recorded.Results: More than 90% HCWs were aware of exposure to blood and body fluids, 80.7% were aware of needle stick injuries, all 100% were aware of transmission of HIV and Hepatitis B from NSis and 78% were aware of post exposure prophylaxis. 97 cases of NSIs occurred in last one year which was higher than estimated EPInet data. Injection needle was most commonly (93.8%) involved in causing accidental NSIs.Conclusions: Practice of universal precautions and standard injection procedures by HCWs should be followed and education, training, and group insurance should be provided by hospital administration for prevention of NSIs.
UM ESTUDO SOBRE A BANALIDADE DO MAL: PARA PENSAR A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Lopes Geovanna Arrais , Baldino José Maria
Published: May 2019

O artigo tenciona analisar o conceito Banalidade do Mal a partir das obras A condição Humana, Origem do Totalitarismo e Eichmann em Jerusalém, de Hannah Arendt. Mediante a necessidade de uma educação emancipadora, defende-se que cumpre à escola estimular a capacidade de questionamento e combater a banalização. Inicia-se o artigo pela apresentação dessa problemática e no tópico seguinte discute-se o conceito banalidade do mal a partir do pensamento de Hannah Arendt. O objetivo da discussão é contribuir com reflexões sobre a possibilidade de pensar formas de educar que não primem somente pela disciplina e observação das normas sociais. As perspectivas que apontem para discussão inspirada no pensamento de Arendt, que valoriza o uso da razão para emancipação crítica e a criatividade, oposta a utilização da razão para a destruição do outro como Ser Humano.
Protective effect of chlorogenic acid in an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats
Authors: Dehnad Dehnad , Kiasalari Zahra , Roghani Mehrdad
Published: May 2019

Introdution: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Considering the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of chlorogenic acid, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of this substance in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease.
Methods: In this experimental study, Wisar male rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups: sham, chlorogenic acid-treated sham, lesion and chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion. The experimental model of Parkinson's disease was made by injecting 12.5 microgram of 6-hydroxydopamine dissolved in a saline-ascorbate solution into the left side of neostriatum. The chlorogenic acid-treated sham and the chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion groups received 10 mg/kg of the drug intraperitoneally daily during a week before stereotaxic surgery and the last injection was given one hour before stereotaxic surgery. In the second week after surgery, the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine injection within one hour and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta was examined and counted. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-host tests were used in Sigmaplot 12.
Results: Chlorogenic acid-pretreated lesion group showed significantly lower rotations versus lesion group (p<0.01). In addition, chlorogenic acid-treated lesion group had a higher number of dopaminergic neurons relative to lesion group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Pretreatment with chlorogenic acid reduces motor asymmetry in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease and has also protective effect on nigral dopaminergic neurons.
The effects of twelve weeks of combined exercises on GLP-1 and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nejati Reihaneh , Attarzadeh Hosseini Seyyed Reza , Bijeh Nahid , Raouf Saeb Aliakbar
Published: May 2019

Introdution: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of twelve weeks of combined exercise with two patterns (aerobic-resistance and resistance-aerobic) on GLP-1 and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: In this practical and semi-experimental study, 42 women with type 2 diabetes were divided into three groups: aerobic-resistance group (n=15), resistance-aerobic group (n=15) and control group (n=15). Then, they were practiced three sessions a week for 12 weeks. The exercise protocol for both groups was the same and the only difference was in the sequence of exercises. The aerobic exercise protocol was 10×1 minutes active with one minute active rest between the sets with using a treadmill. Resistance exercises included movements such as leg press, bench press, seated leg extension, lat pulldown, and lying leg curl, seated shoulder press, which included the main muscles of the lower trunk and upper trunk and was done by the machine. Blood samples were prepared in the pre-test and 48 hours after the last exercise session in the post-test. The data were analyzed through SPSS version.16 (Inc., Chicago, IL); the results of analysis of variance and dependent t-Student were analyzed at the significance level (P<0.05).
Results: The values of GLP-1 increased and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the training groups compared to the control group (P≤0.05), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the aerobic-resistance and resistance-aerobic training group (P>0.05).
Conclusion The results of this research show that combined exercises with increased levels of GLP-1 play an important role in the improving the status of insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. However, more research is needed about different patterns of combined exercises.
MARİNA WEB SİTELERİ ETKİN KULLANILIYOR MU? BULGULAR VE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: YILMAZ Ö. Devrim , SERÇEK Efe Can
Published: May 2019

Deniz turizminin vazgeçilmez bir bileşeni olan marina

işletmeciliği Dünya’da hızla gelişim göstermekte ve ekonomik getirisinin

yanısıra turistik ürün çeşitliliği ile de ülkelere rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamaktadır.

Rekabetin giderek arttığı günümüzde çalışma alanı ne olursa olsun tüm

işletmeler bulundukları sektörde rekabet üstünlüğüne sahip olabilmek için

sundukları ürün ve hizmetler hakkındaki bilgileri tüketicilerine hızlı ve etkin

biçimde iletme çabasındadır. İşletme ve tüketici arasında kurulan bu iletişim

çok yönlü olmakla birlikte tanıtım ve pazarlama çalışmaları açısından büyük

önem taşımaktadır. 

Günümüzde başarılı işletmelerin tanıtım ve pazarlama

açısından interneti etkili bir kitle iletişim aracı olarak kullandığı

görülmektedir. Burada temel konu işletmelerin web sayfaları ile tüketicilerine

hangi bilgileri, nasıl ilettiğidir. Bununla birlikte işletmelerin web sitelerinde

hangi bilgilere yer vermesi gerektiğine yönelik standart bir değerlendirme

kriteri bulunmamakta ve marinalarda etkin web sitesi kullanımı konusunda da sınırlı

sayıda araştırmaya rastlanmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın temel amacı alandaki bu

eksikliği gidermek ve işletmecilere yol göstermek açısından Türkiye’de faaliyet

gösteren marinalara ait web sitelerini içerik analizi yöntemi ile

değerlendirmek ve yetersizlikleri belirlemektir. Araştırma kapsamında Türkiye’de

faaliyet gösteren marina web içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmekte ve elde

edilen bulgularla marinalara öneriler sunulmaktadır. 
MARİNALARIN OPTİMUM BAĞLAMA KAPASİTESİNİN BELİRLENMESİNDE KUYRUK TEORİSİ YAKLAŞIMI: BODRUM ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Kuleyin Barış , Çetinkaya Volkan , Akdaş Onur
Published: May 2019

Marinalardan hizmet alan yatların yoğun dönemlerde

açıkta bekleme yapmaları veya ihtiyaç duydukları hizmete hemen ulaşamamaları

söz konusudur. Yat sahipleri için bu durum sefer maliyetlerini arttırmakta ve

çekme-atma, bakım-tutum gibi hizmetleri zamanında alamayan yatların değer

kaybına uğramasına sebep olmaktadır. Bekleme süresini azaltarak hizmete ulaşımı

kolaylaştırmak için yapılacakların başında ilgili marinadaki bağlama yeri

kapasitesinin arttırılması gelmektedir. Marinalar için bağlama kapasitesinin arttırılması

büyük yatırım planlamalarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı,

sıkışıklık yaşayan Muğla Büyükşehir Belediyesi Bodrum Marina’nın yoğunluğunun analiz edilmesi ve ilgili marinanın

optimum bağlama yeri kapasitesinin belirlenmesidir. Sıkışıklığa bağlı olarak

gelişen hizmet açığını ortadan kaldırmak için gerekli operasyonel ve yönetimsel

tedbirlerin belirlenmesi için Bodrum Marina’dan alınan veriler kuyruk teorisi

yaklaşımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bekleme süresi maliyetini en aza

indirgemek amacıyla kuyruk teorisi yaklaşımının uygulanması, marinadaki bağlama

yeri sayısının yeterli olup olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuçlara göre marina

yöneticilerine bağlama yeri kapasiteleri konusunda almaları gereken önlemler

hakkında tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur. 
On the scientific and methodological support of the assessment of the performance and effectiveness of the control and supervision activity of the Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Bragina I. V. , Zaitseva N. V. , May Irina V. , Shur P. Z. , Mitrokhin O. V. , Goryaev D. V.
Published: May 2019

The changes in socio-economic conditions of the modern world require the public authorities to improve the methods of management. The index of the effectiveness of this management is the achievement objectives of public interest. Based on historical data, taking into account recommendations of international organizations for the assessment of the performance and efficiency of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing it is proposed to use infectious morbidity rate indices of the population controlled by means of vaccination; the level ofparasitic diseases; the percent ofprevented cases as a result of the activities of agencies and organizations of Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing, mortality rate due to the impact of environmental factors, percent ofprevented cases as a result of the activities of bodies and organizations of Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Welbeing, the prevalence rate of diseases associated with neoplasms in the population, diseases of the circulatory system, asthma, liver disease, congenital abnormalities (newly diagnosed malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities) and the value of economic loss, generated by medical and demographic losses and underproduction of Gross Domestic Product prevented by measures of Federal Service For Surveillance On Consumer Rights Protection And Human Wellbeing. Methodological approaches for monitoring and analysis of these indices have been developed. There are determined ways of the improvement of the system of collecting and processing information for the correct assessment of the performance and efficiency of service activities.
Air pollution by particulate matter as the risk factor for the cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Kolpakova Alla F. , Sharipov R. N. , Kolpakov F. A.
Published: May 2019

In the review there highlighted contemporary concepts about the relation between the air pollution by the particulate matter (PM) and human morbidity and mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases. There are considered results of the short- and long-term PM impact on the human cardiovascular system in the dependence on size, origin, chemical composition, and concentration in the air. Authors performed the formalized description of the action and possible effects of PM on vascular endothelium presented as an example of systemization. Summarizing data respective knowledge collected in the literature were used in the article as an example.
Hygienic principles of the design of the space and architectural environment of kindergartens
Authors: Stepanova Marina I. , Kuchma V. R.
Published: May 2019

In the article there are considered current requirements for the design of the architectural environment of preschool institutions. These requirements provide conditions ofpreservation and promotion of health ofpreschool children. Among them are: the association of rooms according to a functional purpose; division of children collectives according to the age; rational placement of main rooms for the prevention ofpenetration of noise and pollution; ensuring convenientfunctional connections between different premises and group rooms and the parcel ofpreschool institutions; optimal solution of the light mode; rational air and thermal mode. There are made proposals for the expansion of the list of hygienic principles of the design of buildings of kindergartens: provision of conditions for realization of physical activity of children, the safe use of electronic educational equipment, and the creation of the barrier-free environment. There was established the insufficiency of areas of group rooms for the realization of voluntary motor activity of children in modern kindergartens and the need of the revision of the standard of the area of the group room per one child .
ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION FROM AIR BORNE CONTAMINANTS IN CERTAIN AREAS OF MOSCOW (BASED ON THE FINDINGS OF ON-GOING SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING)
Authors: Ivanenko A. V. , Sudakova Ekaterina V. , Skvortsov S. A. , Bestuzheva E. V.
Published: May 2019

There was executed the assessment of carcinogen and non-carcinogen risks for population health in some areas of the western, south-western and south-eastern administrative districts of Moscow under the exposure to air borne contaminants whose levels are kept track by various government agencies as part of the socio-hygienic monitoring. The value of chronic non-carcinogenic risks to the health of the population as measured according to the danger index for the combined impact of average annual concentrations of leading air borne contaminants with unidirectional impacts are at near alarming or high level depending on the location of monitoring outposts while for on-off short term exposure to maximum concentrations the impacts are at alarming or acceptable level. The highest danger indices were detected at outposts located near major motorways and industrial facilities. According to monitoring data collected by all agencies the air borne contaminants pose the highest risk to the respiratory organs due to exposure to formaldehyde, air-borne particles and nitrogen dioxide. The extra deaths resulting from chronic exposure to РМ10, estimated by the Moscow Environmental Monitoring make up about 1% of the total mortality rate without bearing in mind of external causes for the population residing in the western, south western and south eastern administrative districts. The total individual carcinogenic risks resulting from the exposure to average annual concentration of a number of carcinogens was found to be between the acceptable and alarming levels. The leading compound contributing to the increased carcinogenic risk is formaldehyde.
ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN PROVISION OF THE POPULATION OF THE LARGE ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC CENTER OF THE WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Vilms E. A. , Turchaninov D. V. , Yunatskaya T. A. , Sokhoshko I. A.
Published: May 2019

Evaluation of vitamin status in residents of the Omsk city (106 men and 135 women) aged of from 18 to 75 years according to the serum content of vitamins A, D, E, K, C, B1, B5, B6, B9, B12. Lack of vitamins in the majority of the observed cases (63.2 ± 3.8%) had a combined character. There was revealed pronounce lack of vitamin D and folic acid, respectively in 70.9 ± 3.6% and 63.2 ± 5.6% of observed persons. The substantial proportion of the population was found to suffer from lacks of vitamin B1 (47.5 ± 4.2%), B6 (49.7 ± 3.8%), and vitamin E (47.1 ± 4.0%). The frequency of detection of a reduced availability of vitamin C was 16.2 ± 3.4%, B12 - 13.2 ± 3.2%, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin A deficiency was seldom (from 5.8 ± 1.9%). In the sample no person with a deficiency of vitamin K and pantothenic acid (B5) was revealed. Mediane of concentrations of phylloquinone, retinol and ascorbic acid and cyanocobalamin in blood serum were in the range of optimum values. Borderline values of the content (at the level of the lower limit of normal) were seen for vitamin E, B1, B6. There were found age differences in the availability of vitamins E, K, ascorbic acid.
DETERMINATION OF FORMALDEHYDE IN WATER BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH THE USE OF SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION
Authors: Kochetkov P. P. , Malysheva A. G. , Glebov V. V.
Published: May 2019

The way of definition of formaldehyde in water by the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the use of solid-phase extraction for concoction and extraction of the analyzed derivative formaldehyde is presented. The method is distinguished by the simplified and accelerated procedure of the sample preparation in comparison with classical liquid extraction. Chromatographic division of substances was reached on the turned phase column C18 with the use of mixture of the deionized water and an acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Definition was carried out at absorption wavelength of 360 nanometers. Linearity was reached in the ranges of concentration from 1 to 200 mcg/l. Full validation of a method is carried out. For control samples of all levels, including the lower limit of quantitative definition, the value of repeatability (RSD) accounted for ≤15%. The index of the accuracy amounted to ≤10%. The presented way showed good validation characteristics and can be recommended for the simplification and acceleration of the determination of the content of formaldehyde in water by the HPLC method
To terminate the challenges faced by science teachers in practical work
Authors: Jalal Paywand
Published: May 2019

Practical work and real objects are very significant materials for supporting the science educational process. Today with expanding knowledge and science information, practical work is very important for teaching science successfully. Consequently, this study was conducted to terminate the challenges faced by science teachers in practical work. It reports to observe the facility of schools in using science laboratory and utilizing science materials in their instruction process. Besides, the study targets to find out the obtainability and capability of laboratory tools in basic schools. This quantifiable enquiry was conducted with the involvement of science tutors in the KRG basic schools. Furthermore, with the purpose of gather and estimate the essential data an examination questionnaire which consisted of 10 objects was used and 250 science tutors were nominated to take a part in this research. Besides, in order to analyze the percentages, standard deviations, means, frequencies, T-test. In addition, SPSS program version 20 was used and the quantifiable data was analyzed descriptively. The finding results indicate that most basic schools are not provided by laboratory tools and more than half of the participant teachers are facing difficulties in relation to availability to laboratory aids and materials, absence of science training courses, the teachers had the strong desire to integrate practical work in to their teaching process and several governmental and practical problems still require to be solved. Otherwise, the study showed differences among instructorsâ€™ opinions on using laboratory according to their year of experiences.

Keywords: practical work, science lesson, tutorsâ€™ skills, laboratory and basic study;
Las redes sociales y su repercusión en el lenguaje de la población universitaria
Authors: Díaz Cjahua Claudia Desiré
Published: May 2019

La tecnología y la globalización son fenómenos que han generado transformaciones  en  la  forma  de  comunicarnos  e  interactuar con nuestro entorno, y la educación no es ajena a esta nueva realidad. Dentro de este contexto, las redes sociales en Internet han adquirido una gran relevancia debido a que existe también un uso generalizado de los dispositivos móviles. Cada vez es más difícil que los jóvenes puedan contar con la capacidad de discriminar su interacción en los entornos online y offline, lo cual, quiérase o no, repercute en el uso del lenguaje, creando nuevas formas de comunicación. En el presente artículo, se describe la incidencia del uso de las redes sociales en el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje, así como en el ejercicio de las habilidades lingüísticas de los estudiantes universitarios.
Institutional Restructuring to Sustain Regulatory Reform in Indonesia
Authors: Setiadi Wicipto
Published: May 2019

There are numerous institutions in Indonesia that form regulations with its exceeding number of regulators may result in poor quality regulations. The outcome leads to regulations being over-regulated, overlapping, disharmony, and conflict. Hence, steps are needed to be taken to overcome in order for more improved and comprehensive regulation in Indonesia. A key factor to overcome poor conditions of regulation in Indonesia is by applying the good regulatory practice. Referring to the practice, there are several standards or principles that can be used as references. Apart from this, taking institutional restructuring into consideration, an establishment of a single institution to form regulations that are strong, full authority to conduct the process of forming regulations. The paper presented is based on literature reviews and documents relating to the subject at hand. From this research, systematic writing was produced using a juridical-analytical approach. This study aims to support the establishment of single-centered Ministry of Laws or Regulation with a strong organizational structure filled with qualified experts and capable professionals.
Comparison of Nanoparticle and Surfactant Oil/Water-Emulsion Separation Kinetics
Authors: Gavrielatos I.. , Dabirian R.. , Mohan R.. , Shoham O..
Published: May 2019

Experimental observations, during oil–production operations, regarding the formation of oil/water emulsions stabilized by nanoparticles and surfactants, are presented. Similarities and differences between the two types of emulsions are discussed on the basis of acquired separation profiles, as well as respective fluid interfacial properties. A state–of–the–art portable dispersion–characterization rig (PDCR) was used to run the experiments, and a surveillance camera was deployed to monitor the emulsion separation kinetics. Commercial–grade mineral oil and distilled water were used as the test fluids. Silica nanoparticles of different wettabilities, as well as surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, were deployed to investigate commonalities/differences between the surfactant– and nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions under ambient–temperature and –pressure conditions.

Separation profiles were analyzed, and similar behaviors between the corresponding surfactant and nanoparticle emulsions were observed for the 25%–water–cut case. For higher water cuts, however, the surfactant–stabilized emulsions were tighter than their nanoparticle counterparts, displaying much lower separation rates. In the most severe cases, the surfactants totally inhibited the oil–creaming process and oil remained trapped in the emulsion for several hours. Multiple emulsions (O/W/O) were observed in certain cases [for hydrophilic nanoparticles and lipophilic surfactants (Span® 80)]. On the basis of the aforementioned experimental observations, the presence of surfactants caused more–severe problems for the oil/water–separation process than did the presence of an equal concentration of nanoparticles. Pendant–drop measurements indicated that the surfactants significantly lowered the interfacial tension (IFT) between the oil and water, whereas the nanoparticles did not.

Finally, a literature model was used to predict separation profiles for the oil/water dispersions and evaluated by comparing the predictions with the acquired experimental data. Current research sets the benchmark for more–thorough investigations aimed at providing guidelines for a more efficient operation of separators that handle surfactant– or nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions and a better understanding of the related phenomena.
Theoretical Study in Estimating Mineral Compositions From Spectral Measurements With a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Park Se Un , Prange Michael D.
Published: May 2019

We propose a systematic Bayesian method for inferring the mineral composition of rock samples from transmission Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. Currently available FTIR inversion methodologies depend on measuring pure minerals, using them within least-squares approaches with a hand-tuned noise model, and implementing ad hoc post-processing of the obtained solution. Within the proposed data-driven framework, we replaced these previous inversion approaches with the automatic training and estimation steps. In this approach, the linear operator, comparable with the FTIR spectral standards (FTIR spectra of end-members or pure minerals), is estimated or trained on a calibration set of rock samples for which the mineral composition has been accurately determined by other means in the laboratory. With this linear operator, we then quantify the spectral-noise covariance matrix from the calibration set, which forms the basis of our estimation of the Bayesian posterior uncertainty on a mineral-composition estimate. This quantification of uncertainty in mineral estimation is a novel feature that can be used as a reliability measure. The uncertainty also describes the correlation between estimates of mineral-weight fractions, indicating which pairs of minerals cannot be independently estimated. Our Bayesian model also addresses the uncertainty propagated from the estimated linear operator and thus captures a possible mismatch of the model parameter from the true operator (i.e., semiblindness of the model). We demonstrate the advantages of our approach by performing experiments with synthetic data.
Risk factors analysis: screening of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing Gram-negative isolates of burn infections from tertiary care hospital Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Haider Muhammad Hayat , Ain Noor Ul , Hussain Shahida , Abrar Samyyia , Asif Amina , Rasheed Farhan , Shareef Muhammad Umair , Mushtaq Ramza , Ali Muhammad Nauman , riaz saba
Published: May 2019

Background

Burnt patients are highly susceptible to invasion of multidrug resistant strains after the skin damage. The main objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of ESBLs producing Gram-negative in post-burn infections and its correlation with different risk factors (age, gender, socio-economic status, burns etiology etc.)

Methods

The descriptive case-series study was conducted at Jinnah Hospital Lahore’s Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Centre (JB & RSC) and the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MMG), University of the Punjab, Lahore. The clinical specimens of wound swabs, biopsy, and blood were collected from 300 patients during 12th August, 2017 to 12th August 2018. The cephalosporins resistant Gram-negative isolates were further analyzed. The clinical history of burnt patients was recorded which included the age, gender, socio-economic status, residence, occupation, hospital stay, wards, burn degree, total burnt surface area (TBSA%), etiology of burn and other factors. CLSI guidelines 2017 were followed for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and ESBLs screening.

Results

Pseudomonas spp. were the most-frequently isolated 49.33% (n=74) followed by 22.67% (n=34) Klebsiella spp., and 20.00% (n=30) Acinetobacter spp., strains. Pseudomonas spp., were the most frequently isolated from burnt specimens 70 (46.67%) having a significant correlation (x2=24.11, p < 0.001). Community acquired infections were observed in 50.70% (n=76) and nosocomial infections in 49.30% (n=74) patients. Burnt people having the age of ≤ 29 years were found to be significantly associated with the MDR infections (x2=24.96, p = 0.003). Low socio-economic status, longer hospitalization and all other risk factors had non-significant correlation (p > 0.05). A large fraction of the isolates 86.00% (n=129) were not confirmed as ESBLs producers by phenotypic screening.

Conclusion

It has been concluded that Gram-negative MDR strains are rapidly causing infections in burnt patients and need to be properly alleviated. The high frequency of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas spp., was associated with the burn infections. The patients belonging to young age were significantly found to be infected by MDR strain after burns.
Predictors of Ischemic Events Secondary to Cervicocerebral Artery Dissection
Authors: Cheng Wenchao , Wang Yuhan , Lian Yajun , Zheng Yake , Shi Yinping , Wu Shouyi , Huang Zhi
Published: May 2019

Objective: To identify the predictors of ischemic events secondary to cervicocerebral artery dissection (CAD).
Methods: Consecutive patients with cervicocerebral artery dissection from 2010 to 2017 were registered as study subjects, who were classified as patients with and without ischemic events. Clinical data were collected prospectively, such as demographics, vascular risk factors, headache and neck pain, dissection site and laboratory test. A case-control study was performed to compare the clinical data between two groups.
Results: A total of 130 patients with cervicocerebral artery dissection were included, in which 70.0% (91/130) suffered from ischemic events, including 81 ischemic strokes and 10 transient ischemic attacks. There were 46.2% (42/91) and 25.6% (10/39) of the artery dissections located in the anterior circulation in the CAD patients with and without ischemic events respectively (p=0.029). The average level of HDL was (1.14±0.38) mmol/L in the CAD patients with ischemic events, and (1.28±0.48) mmol/L in the CAD patients without ischemic events (p=0.083). However, no significant differences were found in the other clinical data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between anterior circulation and ischemic events (OR=3.204, 95% CI 1.305-7.863, p=0.011) and HDL level was negatively correlated with ischemic events (OR=0.335, 95% CI 0.130-0.867, p=0.024) in CAD patients.
Conclusion: Ischemic events are common complications of cerebrovascular disease in CAD patients, especially for those with an artery dissection located in the anterior circulation and low serum HDL level.
Key Word: cervicocerebral artery dissection, ischemic event, HDL, anterior circulation, predictor
Effect of short-term blood pressure variability on functional outcome after intra-arterial treatment in acute stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion
Authors: Zhang Tianli , Li Weirong , Wang Xiaolong , Wen Chao , Zhou Feng , Gao Shengwei , Zhang Xiaodong , Lin Shiqin , Shi Jing
Published: May 2019

Background: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is advocated for acute ischemic stroke with large-vessel occlusion (LVO), but perioperative periods are challenging.This study investigated the relationship between post-EVT short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and early outcomes in LVO patients.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 72 LVO patients undergoing EVT between June 2015 and June 2018. Hourly systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively) were recorded in the first 24 hours post-EVT. BPV were evaluated as standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and successive variation (SV) separately for SBP and DBP. Patients were categorized into favorable (mRS 0-2) and unfavorable (mRS 3-6) outcome groups based on 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.
Results: For 58.3% patients with favorable outcomes, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT scores on admission were 14 and 8, respectively. The maximum SBP ([154.3±16.8] vs. [163.5±15.6], P=0.02), systolic CV ([8. 8%±2.0%] vs. [11.0%±1.8%], P<0.001), SV ([11.4±2.3] vs. [14.6±2.0], P<0.001), and SD ([10.5±2.4] vs. [13.8±3.9], P<0.001) were lower in patients with favorable outcomes. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, systolic SV (OR: 4.273, 95% CI: 1.030 to 17.727, P=0.045) independently predicted unfavorable prognosis (area under the curve = 0.868 [95% CI: 0.781 to 0.955, P<0.001]. Sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 73.8%, respectively, showing excellent value for 3-month-poor-outcome predictions.
Conclusions: Decreased maximum SBP and systolic CV, SV, and SD following intra-arterial therapies result in favorable 3-month outcomes. Systolic SV may be a novel predictor of functional prognosis in LVO patients.
Exome resequencing and GWAS for growth, ecophysiology, and chemical and metabolomic composition of wood of Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Guerra Fernando P. , Suren Haktan , Holliday Jason , Richards James H. , Fiehn Oliver , Famula Randi , Stanton Brian J. , Shuren Richard , Sykes Robert , Davis Mark F. , Neale David B.
Published: May 2019

Background:
Populus trichocarpa is an important forest tree species for the generation of lignocellulosic ethanol. Understanding the genomic basis of biomass production and chemical composition of wood is fundamental in supporting genetic improvement programs. Considerable variation has been observed in this species for complex traits related to growth, phenology, ecophysiology and wood chemistry. Those traits are influenced by both polygenic control and environmental effects, and their genome architecture and regulation are only partially understood. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) represent an approach to advance that aim using thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotyping using exome capture methodologies represent an efficient approach to perform GWAS.

Results:
A GWAS using 461 P. trichocarpa clones, representing 101 provenances collected from Oregon and Washington, and 813K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified a variable number of significant SNPs in association with the assessed traits. Associated single-markers (q< 0.1) ranged from 3 to 110 per trait. The SNPs had a cumulative effect of up to 40.6% of the phenotypic variation of any given trait. Similarly, multiple-marker analyses detected between 16 and 291 significant windows for the phenotypes. The SNPs resided within genes that encode proteins belonging to different functional classes as well as in intergenic regions.

Conclusion:
SNP-markers within and proximal to genes associated with traits of importance for biomass production were detected. They contribute to characterize the genomic architecture of P. trichocarpa biomass required to support the development and application of marker breeding technologies.
Gene Set linkage analysis: a tool for interpreting the overall functional impacts of observed transcriptomic changes
Authors: Chen Pengcheng , Liang Xi , Li Yun , Wang Xiaoxuan , Chen Xin
Published: May 2019

Background

To date, the majority of software tools developed for high-level interpretation of transcriptomics data were based on annotation enrichment. These tools use existing biological concepts to describe the observed omics changes. However, if an observation cannot be accurately described by an existing concept, these tools can not report any term or will report very general terms (such as “biological process”, GO:0008150), which provides limited assistance for researchers to understand the data and design further investigation.

Results

We present the gene set linkage analysis (GSLA) tool for interpretation of the collective functional impacts of a set of changed genes. The GSLA algorithm relies on a functional association network to evaluate whether the observed omics changes collectively interfere with functions of known biological processes. Although an omics change may not be accurately described by an existing concept, its functional impact may still be described by well-established concepts. GSLA has been shown useful in several previous studies. It derived novel insights into high-level coordination of physiological processes, where conventional annotation enrichment-based tools did not provide similar insights. This standalone version of GSLA tool integrates interaction networks for four species (i.e., A. thaliana, D. melanogaster, H. sapiens and S. cerevisiae) and using four kinds of annotation gene sets (i.e., Gene Ontology, Reactome pathway, Panther pathway and Wikipathways) for each species.

Conclusions

The GSLA tool is designed to interpret the collective functional impacts of a set of changed genes. Its usefulness has been demonstrated in a series of previous researches analyzing transcriptomic changes. GSLA is freely available at https://github.com/synergy-zju/gsla.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals PrrAB-mediated control of metabolic, respiration, energy-generating, and dormancy pathways in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: MAARSINGH JASON D. , YANG SHANSHAN , PARK JIN G. , Haydel Shelley E
Published: May 2019

Background

Mycobacterium smegmatis is a saprophytic bacterium frequently used a as a genetic surrogate to study pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The PrrAB two-component genetic regulatory system is essential in M. tuberculosis and represents an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) of an M. smegmatis ΔprrAB mutant was used to define the PrrAB regulon and provide insights into the essential nature of PrrAB in M. tuberculosis.

Results

RNA-seq differential expression analysis of M. smegmatis wild-type (WT), ΔprrAB mutant, and complementation strains revealed that during in vitro exponential growth, PrrAB regulates 683 genes, 62% of which are repressed in the WT background. Gene ontology and cluster of orthologous groups analyses showed that PrrAB regulates genes participating in ion homeostasis, redox balance, metabolism, and energy production. PrrAB induced transcription of dosR (devR), a response regulator gene that promotes latent infection in M. tuberculosis. Compared to the WT and complementation strains, the ΔprrAB mutant exhibited an exaggerated delayed growth phenotype upon exposure to potassium cyanide and respiratory inhibition. Gene expression profiling correlated with these growth deficiency results, revealing that PrrAB induces transcription of the high-affinity cytochrome bd oxidase genes under both aerobic and hypoxic conditions. ATP synthesis was ~64% lower in the ΔprrAB mutant relative to WT strain, further demonstrating that PrrAB regulates energy production.

Conclusions

The M. smegmatis PrrAB two-component system regulates respiratory and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, potentially to provide tolerance against the dynamic environmental conditions experienced in its natural ecological niche. PrrAB positively regulates ATP levels during exponential growth, presumably through transcriptional activation of both terminal respiratory branches (cytochrome c bc1-aa3 and cytochrome bd oxidases), despite transcriptional repression of ATP synthase genes. Additionally, PrrAB positively regulates expression of the dormancy-associated dosR response regulator in an oxygen-independent manner, which may serve to fine-tune sensory perception of environmental stimuli associated with metabolic repression.
Identification of potential genes for resistance to tomato spotted wilt and leaf spots in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through GWAS analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Chu Ye , Dang Phat , Tang Yueyi , Li Jing , Jiang Tao , Clevenger Josh Paul , Ozias-Akins Peggy , Holbrook Corley , Wang Ming Li , Jacobson Alana , Campbell Howard , Hagan Austin , Chen Charles
Published: May 2019

Background

Tomato spotted wilt (TSW), early leaf spot (ELS), and late leaf spot (LLS) are three serious peanut diseases in the United States, causing tens of millions of dollars of annual economic losses. However, the genes underlying resistance to those diseases in peanut have not been well studied. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the three peanut diseases using Affymetrix version 2.0 SNP array with 120 genotypes mainly coming from the U.S. peanut mini core collection.

Results

A total of 87 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) from 10.2% to 24.1%, in which 41 QTLs are for resistance to TSW, 18 QTLs for ELS, and 28 QTLs for LLS. Among the 87 QTLs, there were six, four, and two major QTLs with PVE higher than 14.9% for resistance to TSW, ELS, and LLS, respectively. Of the 12 major QTLs, 10 were located on the B sub-genome and only 2 were on the A sub-genome, which suggested that the B sub-genome has more significantly resistance genomic regions than the A sub-genome. In addition, two genomic regions on linkage group B09 were found to provide significant resistance to both ELS and LLS. A total of 22 non-redundant candidate genes were identified significantly associated with diseases, which include 18 candidate genes for TSW, 3 candidate genes for both ELS and LLS, and 1 candidate gene for LLS, respectively.

Conclusions

Most candidate genes in the associated regions are known to be involved in immunity and defense response. The QTLs and candidate genes obtained from this study will be useful to breed peanut for resistances to the diseases.