bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Magnetic Shape Memory Smart Materials
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Chapter 13 reviews magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs), often also referred to as ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs), which have emerged as an interesting extension of the class of shape memory materials (SMMs). FSMAs combine the attributes and properties of ferromagnetism with a reversible martensitic crystalline solid phase transformation. Magnetically controlled shape memory (MSM) materials present a new way to produce motion and force. MSM phenomena were originally suggested by Ullakko, O'Handley, and Kantner and demonstrated these in a Ni–Mn–Ga alloy in as early as 1996. They suggested a new mechanism based on the magnetic field-induced reorientation of the twin structure of a MSMA. Effectively, the magnetic control of the shape memory effect leads to a much more rapid response of the actuator than the thermal control. The magnetic field controls the reorientation of the twin variants analogous to the way in which twin variants are controlled by stress in classical shape memory alloys. The magnetic shape memory effect has demonstrated that certain shape memory materials that are also ferromagnetic can show very large dimensional changes (6–10%) under the application of a magnetic field. These strains occur within the low-temperature (martensitic) phase.
Review of Smart Mechanochromic and Metamaterials
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Chapter 16 reviews two recent families of smart materials, namely mechanochromic materials and mechanical metamaterials, respectively. Mechanochromic materials change their optical properties and, in particular, their photoluminescence characteristics, if subjected to mechanical loading or interactions with their environment. Chemical and physical molecular changes across various length scales and the rearrangement of molecular chemical bonds to modifications in molecular arrangements in the nanometers regime generally trigger mechanochromic characteristics. Metamaterials are defined as materials that are not ordinarily produced in nature. Note that “meta” means “beyond” and metamaterials have properties that go beyond those of conventional materials. Metamaterials are nanocomposite materials made up of periodically repeated micro or nano units of metals, alloys, and plastics that exhibit properties different from the natural properties of the participating materials. In the following sections, these families of mechanochromic and metamaterials are further described.
Review on Self-healing Materials
Authors: Shahinpoor Mohsen
Published: January 2023

Chapter 23 reviews self-healing materials. Briefly introduced and discussed in this chapter is a family of self-healing materials. The self-healing characteristics of these materials, and in particular, biomaterials, and the concepts of the self-healing processes in nature and biology, are already well known by scientific communities. One can start by describing their impact and occurrence in nature, in plants, in animals and human beings. These understandings of self-healing processes in biology and nature are particularly more advanced in terms of dermatology and skin repair by scar tissues, and they have further led to the most recent industrial applications and scientific discoveries. This chapter will introduce, describe briefly, and explain a wide range of self-healing smart materials. These materials will have internal structural abilities and characteristics that enable them to automatically repair damage to themselves with almost no external intervention or diagnosis. It is well recognized that using various materials over time will degrade them due to several phenomena such as fatigue failure, environmental degradation, or damage such as cracks, fracture, and creep that is incurred during operation. In general, internal cracks are difficult to detect, and manual intervention may be necessary. The advantage of self-healing materials is that they can treat material degradation by initiating a repair mechanism that responds to the incurred damage or degradation. Smart materials and structures also play important roles in self-healing materials because they are multi-functional and are capable of handling various environmental conditions.
Sustainable Nanotechnology: Preparing Nanomaterials from Benign and Naturally Occurring Reagents
Authors: Sadik O. A. , Yazgan I. , Kariuki V.
Published: January 2023

Sustainable nanotechnology relates to the research and development of nanomaterials that have economic and societal benefits while, at the same time, minimizing negative environmental impacts. This chapter presents the preparation of sustainable nanomaterials using benign and naturally occurring reagents from both economic and environmental viewpoints. It reviews some of the significant milestones achieved towards sustainable development of nanomaterials. These include the preparation of non-toxic quantum dots, green gold, green silver, Tollens and polysaccharide methods, and green graphene nanosheets. Others are safer-by-design concepts, biologically inert SiO2, microwave irradiation and the use of biomass precursors. A case study is presented from the authors’ laboratory for the synthesis of nanostructured poly(amic) acid (PAA) membranes using the ‘sustainable by design’ (SbD) concept. SbD of biodegradable, non-cytotoxic PAA membranes was achieved by integrating amphiphilic polymers, chitosan and cyclodextrins while controlling the membrane chemistry, thickness, porosity and the method of desolvation.
New Chemical Processes aimed at Sustainable Development in Brazil
Authors: Franco Telma Teixeira , Baldassin Jr Ricardo
Published: January 2023

Agriculture has an important role in many countries and especially in developing countries. More than 3billion people (almost half the world's population) live in rural areas, of whom 2.5billion derive their livelihoods from agriculture. Almost three-quarters of the world's added-value agricultural products are generated in developing countries, where this sector contributes substantially to their gross domestic product. Until the 1990s, agriculture was seen as a means of producing food. However, with the increase in global energy demand, plus the fact that the current oil-based economy was not able to supply a healthy, safe and sustainable way of life, it was shown that agricultural products could supply a unique set of energy and chemical alternatives in both the short and the long term. In this context, Brazil has shown that it can contribute significantly to the supplying of renewable feedstocks, bioenergy, biofuels and chemicals, and also new and sustainable technologies. The Brazilian experience with energy from renewable feedstocks started in 1970s with its national alcohol programme (Proálcool) based on sugarcane. However, it was not until the 2000s that the quantities of biofuels increased considerably and today Brazil is recognized as a world leader in this field. Not only has biofuels production increased significantly in recent years, but the production of biochemicals (organic acids, amino acids, polymers and solvents) based on sugarcane has also seen a significant growth.
Membrane Separations: from Purifications, Minimisation, Reuse and Recycling to Process Intensification
Authors: Patterson Darrell Alec , Davey Christopher John , Rohani Rosiah
Published: January 2023

The separation of molecules to achieve a purification or fractionation is a crucial operation in many industrial processes. Many of the world's major industries including dairy, food and beverage, chemical manufacture and wastewater treatment use membrane separations to achieve this. New developments in membrane materials and membrane configurations are also allowing the range of applications to constantly widen, in the main through increasing the range of tolerable operating conditions and enhancing the selectivity of membranes so that the limiting differences between molecules that can be separated is decreasing. This chapter provides an introduction to both the basics and these new developments in sustainable processing with membranes. It gives an overview of the basic concepts underpinning membrane separations and membrane processes, outlines the main applications of membrane processes in sustainable processing and examines future potential applications currently in development, including the use of membranes in process intensification. Two case studies are outlined in more detail: the use of membrane processes to concentrate dilute organics and biofuels from fermentation broths; and membrane linked tandem chemo and bio catalysed reactions using previously incompatible catalysts. The possibilities of new applications and products produced as a result of these new membranes and processes indicate that the impact of membranes in some process industries is only just being realised. In the near future, membrane processes and their integration with other unit operations have the potential to make a significant impact on the triple bottom line and produce more sustainable processes.
Sustainable Mining, Metals Processing and Recovery
Authors: Salminen Justin , Virolainen Sami , Kinnunen Päivi , Salmi Olli
Published: January 2023

This chapter looks at the raw material value chain from environmental aspects in mining (its water uses and treatment, metals processing, recovery and recycling). Hydrometallurgical processing and recovery including leaching, precipitation, solvent extraction and ion exchange are discussed and examples for several technologically important metals are given. Mining of raw materials, metals processing and recovery are crucial for our wellbeing, the development of society and the world economy. Minerals, metals and their processed high-end complex materials exist in our daily lives including buildings, infrastructure, vehicles, appliances and electronic products. All these contain either mined metals and partly recycled metals and materials. Mining and metals processing are not invisible activities and require energy, water and land area. Development of good practices, improved resource efficiency and sustainability thinking in the whole value chain are required in industrial operations.
Systematic Computer Aided Framework for Process Synthesis, Design and Intensification
Authors: Gani Rafiqul , Babi Deenesh K.
Published: January 2023

By considering process intensification as part of process synthesis, sustainable alternatives of existing as well as new processes can be determined that correspond to lower values of a set of targeted performance criteria. In this chapter a systematic computer-aided multi-level framework for process synthesis, design and intensification that leads to more sustainable process designs is presented. The framework consists of a collection of methods and tools, and evaluates alternatives through a set of targeted performance criteria in terms of economics, sustainability indices and life cycle factors. The framework operates at three levels: unit operations, tasks and phenomena. At the unit operations level, process flow sheets are synthesized by the sequencing of unit operations. This design is the base case design and defines the upper bound of the set of targeted performance criteria. At the task level, a task-based process synthesis method is used where tasks representing unit operations are identified, analysed and recombined through a means-ends analysis. At the phenomena level, a phenomena-based process synthesis method is used where the phenomena associated with each task are identified, manipulated and combined to generate new or existing unit operations. These unit operations are configured into flow sheet alternatives that are more sustainable and which correspond to even lower values of the set of targeted performance criteria compared with the base case design. The framework, associated methods and tools are presented and their application highlighted using a case study.
Matrix isolation and photorearrangement of cis- and trans-1,2-ethenediol to glycolaldehyde
Authors: Mardyukov Artur , Wende Raffael C. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: January 2023

We present the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of 1,2-ethendiols and their photoisomerization to glycolaldehyde mimicking interstellar conditions.
SMART FRAP: a robust and quantitative FRAP analysis method for phase separation
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Niu Jiahao , Yang Yi , Wang Yao , Sun Yujie
Published: January 2023

An accurate and robust method to obtain multiplex information by analyzing FRAP data of phase separation condensates.
Stereocomplex crystallization in cyclic polymer blends studied using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Wu Haitao , Wang Xinyu , Zhu Qian , Yan Xingjia , Xue Quyi , Zhou Zhiping , Hao Tongfan , Li Zhaolei , Nie Yijing
Published: January 2023

Molecular simulation was used to explore the mechanism of the stereocomplex crystallization in cyclic polymer blends.
Optical and computational study of the trans ↔ cis reversible isomerization of the commercial bis-azo dye Bismarck Brown Y
Authors: Edwards Kayrel E. K. , Mermut Ozzy , Pietro William J. , Barrett Christopher J.
Published: January 2023

Trans–cis–trans isomerization laser spectroscopy is combined with DFT theoretical calculations, to measure and model the geometric inter-conversion behaviour of the much-used Bismarck Brown Y azo dye.
Strain engineering of Li+ion migration in olivine phosphate cathode materials LiMPO4(M = Mn, Fe, Co) and (LiFePO4)n(LiMnPO4)msuperlattices
Authors: Zhang Wang , Du Fu-Ye , Dai Yang , Zheng Jin-Cheng
Published: January 2023

In olivine phosphate cathode materials, the biaxial tensile strain perpendicular to the direction of Li+ion migration is the most favorable for Li+ion migration, and theb-axial strain has a greatest effect on the Li+ion migration barrier.
Effects of molecular size and orientation on the interfacial properties and wetting behavior of water/n-alkane systems: a molecular-dynamics study
Authors: Hrahsheh Fawaz , Wilemski Gerald
Published: January 2023

Increasing the n-alkane chain length affects the water/n-alkane interfacial properties in a manner similar to cooling: the interface narrows, a complete-to-partial wetting transition occurs, and a layered structure emerges.
Active sites, kinetics, and inhibiting species in the catalytic dehydration of methanol over MIL-100(Cr)
Authors: Li Mengying , Chen Jiakang , Hall Jacklyn N. , Bollini Praveen
Published: January 2023

Structure–property relationships over highly-uniform, isolated MIL-100(Cr) nodes are investigated. Brønsted acid-mediated dehydration of methanol is used as a probe reaction to decipher acid site properties, and the data point to the prevalence of an associative mechanism.
Tuning the luminescent properties of a three-dimensional perovskite ferroelectric (Me-Hdabco)CsI3via Sn(ii) doping
Authors: Wang Ze-Jie , Wu Ling-Kun , Wang Na , Hu Qian-Qian , Li Jian-Rong , Ye Heng-Yun
Published: January 2023

A three-dimensional perovskite-type ferroelectric of (Me-Hdabco)CsI3 was synthesized and characterized, and the photoluminescence properties were realized via tin-doping.
Downregulation of m6A demethylase ALKBH5 promotes AuNP-induced neural stem cell quiescence via regulating ID4 expression
Authors: Huang Xiaofeng , Yang Renjun , Qi Zijuan , Wang Xudong , Yin Nuoya , Faiola Francesco , Liu Sijin , Gao Ming
Published: January 2023

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) enhanced the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification via downregulation of the expression of ALKBH5, leading to increased ID4 expression in an IGF2BP3 dependent manner and subsequent neural stem cells (NSCs) quiescence.
Activation of Kruppel-like factor 6 by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a diameter-dependent manner in THP-1 macrophages in vitro and bronchoalveolar lavage cells in vivo
Authors: Song Fengmei , Tang Xiaomin , Zhao Weichao , Huang Chaobo , Dai Xuyan , Cao Yi
Published: January 2023

MWCNTs activated KLF6-signaling pathways in THP-1 macrophages and bronchoalveolar lavage cells.
The diversity of aluminum-based drinking water treatment residuals for use in environmental remediation
Authors: Wallace Samuel M. , Zhang Yuchi , Zhou Lang , Ma Qing , Guise William E. , Denslow Nancy D. , Bonzongo Jean-Claude , Gaillard Jean-François
Published: January 2023

Drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic phases generally disposed of as waste materials.
Analysis of the mechanism of action of quercetin in the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on metabolomics and intestinal flora
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Liu Ling , Deng Jun , Jiang Yu , Yan Xiao , Liu Wen
Published: January 2023

Quercetin could play an anti-hyperlipidemic role by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.
Synthesis of 1-perfluoroalkyl-3-heteroaryl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes via visible light-induced and metal-free perfluoroalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane
Authors: Yan Boan , Xu Gongcheng , Han Hang , Hong Jun , Xu Wenhao , Lan Deyou , Yu Chuanming , Jiang Xinpeng
Published: January 2023

Visible light-induced perfluoroalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane provides a sustainable way to incorporate perfluoroalkyl-substituted BCPs into various heterocycles.
Multi-energy calibration and aerosol dilution as analytical strategies to access the in vitro bioaccessibility of essential elements and arsenic in raw and cooked shrimp by plasma-based methods
Authors: Santos Herick Macedo , Higuera Julymar Marcano , Araujo Nogueira Ana Rita
Published: January 2023

Multi-energy calibration (MEC) and aerosol dilution were evaluated as strategies for direct analysis of simulated gastrointestinal chyme to estimate the in vitro bioaccessibility of essential elements and As in shrimp by ICP OES and ICP-MS.
Two-qubit atomic gates: spatio-temporal control of Rydberg interaction
Authors: Sola Ignacio R. , Malinovsky Vladimir S. , Ahn Jaewook , Shin Seokmin , Chang Bo Y.
Published: January 2023

With pulse sequences of structured light, we achieve robust ultrafast high-fidelity C-PHASE gates in non-independent atomic qubits. The optimal protocols form lattices in parameter space rotated by an angle that depends on the proximity of the qubits.
Cell membrane damage and cargo delivery in nano-electroporation
Authors: Pan Junjie , Chiang Chi-ling , Wang Xinyu , Bertani Paul , Ma Yifan , Cheng Junao , Talesara Vishank , Lee Ly James , Lu Wu
Published: January 2023

A single-cell-level study on the transfection window of nanochannel electroporation (NEP) provides a sound rationale for the delivery of different sized cargoes and high cell viability.
Exploring the design of superradiant J-aggregates from amphiphilic monomer units
Authors: Bailey Austin D. , Deshmukh Arundhati P. , Bradbury Nadine C. , Pengshung Monica , Atallah Timothy L. , Williams Jillian A. , Barotov Ulugbek , Neuhauser Daniel , Sletten Ellen M. , Caram Justin R.
Published: January 2023

Excitonic chromophore aggregates have wide-ranging applicability in fields such as imaging and energy harvesting; however their rational design requires adapting principles of self-assembly to the requirements of excited state coupling.
Defect-assisted dynamic multicolor modulation in KLu3F10:Tb crystals for anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Ping Yiheng , Ma Hongping , Lei Lei
Published: January 2023

KLu3F10:Tb crystals were used to realize excitation-dependent multicolor emissions. Green emissions were observed under 254 nm UV excitation, while blue emission peaking at 442 nm appeared in addition to Tb3+ emissions under 365 nm excitation.
Furan-based inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase: SAR study, biochemical evaluation and computational analysis
Authors: Chan Alex H. Y. , Ho Terence C. S. , Parle Daniel R. , Leeper Finian J.
Published: January 2023

Many neutral derivatives of the furan analogue of thiamine were tested to explore the SAR of the two thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-binding pockets and the substrate-binding C2-pocket: the optimum inhibitor bound 77-fold more tightly than TPP.
Defect and strain engineered MoS2/graphene catalyst for an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Yang Zhaoyuan , Zhu Jia , Xu Xianglan , Wang Lei , Zhou Guobing , Yang Zhen , Zhang Yongfan
Published: January 2023

Combination of defect structure and tensile strain is an effective approach to enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction activity of hybrid MoS2/graphene.
Simultaneous catalytic oxidation of Hg0 and AsH3 over Fe–Ce co-doped TiO2 catalyst under low temperature and reducing atmosphere
Authors: Yu Huijuan , Zhang Yingjie , Quan Hong , Zhu Dan , Liao Shaohua , Gao Cuiping , Yang Rongbin , Zhang Zhenyu , Ma Qiang
Published: January 2023

Fe5Ce5Ti catalytic material is reported for the removal of Hg0 and AsH3 from yellow phosphorus flue gas by catalytic oxidation. The mechanism of the reaction is inferred from characterization analysis.
Preparation of geometrically highly controlled Ga particle arrays on quasi-planar nanostructured surfaces as a SCALMS model system
Authors: Hofer André , Taccardi Nicola , Moritz Michael , Wichmann Christoph , Hübner Sabine , Drobek Dominik , Engelhardt Matthias , Papastavrou Georg , Spiecker Erdmann , Papp Christian , Wasserscheid Peter , Bachmann Julien
Published: January 2023

2D SCALMS model system preparation offering a high degree of geometric control of the Ga matrix particles by combination of nanostructured surfaces with independent adjustment of the substrates' surface chemistry in a thermal decomposition approach.
Sustainable smart anti-corrosion coating materials derived from vegetable oil derivatives: a review
Authors: Singh Poonam , Rana Anuj , Karak Niranjan , Kumar Indresh , Rana Sravendra , Kumar Pankaj
Published: January 2023

The article covers coating materials using bio-chemical derived molecules (vegetable oils) and their properties including mechanical, self-healing and anti-corrosion properties.
Silicon disulfide for high-performance Li-ion batteries and solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Nam Ki-Hun , Kim Do-Hyeon , Lee Young-Han , Han Su Choel , Choi Jeong-Hee , Ha Yoon-Cheol , Park Cheol-Min
Published: January 2023

A layered silicon disulfide (SiS2) was synthesized on a large-scale via a solid–gas phase reaction and applied as an anode material for Li-ion batteries and solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.
Functional thiolactone assisted imprinting cavities with abundant amines for strong binding of protein imprinted nanospheres
Authors: Wang Mingqi , Zhou Jingjing , Zhang Guoxian , Fa Shixin , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: January 2023

This work proposes a novel protein imprinted strategy by using polyethyleneimine for aminolysis of tailor-made thiolactone-based monomers and crosslinkers, the prepared protein imprinted nanospheres show excellent rebinding specificity for BSA.
SDDNet: Infrared small and dim target detection network
Authors: Long Ma , Cong Shu , Shanshan Huang , Zoujian Wei , Xuhao Wang , Yanxi Wei
Published: January 2023

This study focuses on developing deep learning methods for small and dim target detection. We model infrared images as the union of the target region and background region. Based on this model, the target detection problem is considered a two‐class segmentation problem that divides an image into the target and background. Therefore, a neural network called SDDNet for single‐frame images is constructed. The network yields target extraction results according to the original images. For multiframe images, a network called IC‐SDDNet, a combination of SDDNet and an interframe correlation network module is constructed. SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet achieve target detection rates close to 1 on typical datasets with very low false positives, thereby performing significantly better than current methods. Both models can be executed end to end, so both are very convenient to use, and their implementation efficiency is very high. Average speeds of 540+/230+ FPS and 170+/60+ FPS are achieved with SDDNet and IC‐SDDNet on a single Tesla V100 graphics processing unit and a single Jetson TX2 embedded module respectively. Additionally, neither network needs to use future information, so both networks can be directly used in real‐time systems. The well‐trained models and codes used in this study are available at https://github.com/LittlePieces/ObjectDetection.
Probabilistic/information gap decision theory‐based bilevel optimal management for multi‐carrier network by aggregating energy communities
Authors: Dorahaki Sobhan , Rashidinejad Masoud , Ardestani Seyed Farshad Fatemi , Abdollahi Amir , Salehizadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: January 2023

Energy communities are one of the vital puzzle pieces of future smart cities. This paper proposes a novel structure for a sustainable smart city by integrating energy communities in a multi‐carrier energy network. Each energy community has a manager; the so‐called Energy Community Managers (ECM), who trades energy with the upstream Multi‐Carrier Network Operator (MCNO). On the other hand, MCNO participates in the upstream energy markets to satisfy the demands of energy communities by maximizing its own profit. Therefore, ECMs and MCNO should solve a bilevel optimization problem associated with some common variables at both levels such as: energy carrier price and the amount of energy carrier exchange. In fact, MCNO is the leader and ECMs are the followers of such a bilevel optimization problem. Strong duality is employed to convert the bilevel optimization into a single level, while uncertainties are modelled by information gap decision theory and a scenario‐based approach. Sensitivity analysis shows that the thermal energy selling price and the gas buying price are the most crucial influencing on the profit of MCNO by 3.22% and −3.91%, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained results indicate that the risk attitude of the multi‐carrier energy network operator has a critical role in the total profit.
Time variability of the core-shift effect in the blazar 3C 454.3
Authors: Chamani Wara , Savolainen Tuomas , Ros Eduardo , Kovalev Yuri Y. , Wiik Kaj , Lähteenmäki Anne , Tornikoski Merja , Tammi Joni
Published: January 2023

Measuring and inferring the key physical parameters of jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) requires high-resolution very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations. Using VLBI to measure a core-shift effect is a common way of obtaining estimates of the jet magnetic field strength, a key parameter for understanding jet physics. The VLBI core is typically identified as the bright feature at the upstream end of the jet, and the position of this feature changes with the observed frequency,rcore ∝ ν−1/kr. Due to the variable nature of AGN, flares can cause variability of the measured core shift. In this work, we investigated the time variability of the core-shift effect in the luminous blazar3C 454.3. We employed a self-referencing analysis of multi-frequency (5, 8, 15, 22−24, and 43 GHz) Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data covering 19 epochs from 2005 to 2010. We found significant core-shift variability ranging from 0.27 to 0.86 milliarcsec between 5 GHz and 43 GHz. These results confirm the core-shift variability phenomenon observed previously. Furthermore, we also found time variability of the core-shift index,kr, which was typically below one, with an average value of 0.85 ± 0.08 and a standard deviation of 0.30. Values ofkrbelow one were found during flaring and quiescent states. Our results indicate that the commonly assumed conical jet shape and equipartition conditions do not always hold simultaneously. Even so, these conditions are typically assumed when deriving magnetic field strengths from core-shift measurements, which can lead to unreliable results ifkrsignificantly deviates from unity. Therefore, it is necessary to verify thatkr = 1 actually holds before using core-shift measurements and the equipartition assumption to derive physical conditions in the jets. Whenkr = 1 epochs are selected in the case of3C 454.3, the magnetic field estimates are consistent, even though the core shift varies significantly with time. Subsequently, we estimated the magnetic flux in the jet of3C 454.3and found that the source is in the magnetically arrested disc state, which agrees with earlier studies. Finally, we found a good correlation of the core position with the core flux density,rcore ∝ Score0.7, which is consistent with increased particle density during the flares.
A new framework for understanding the evolution of early-type galaxies
Authors: D’Onofrio M. , Chiosi C.
Published: January 2023

Context. We have recently suggested that the combination of the scalar virial theorem (Ms ∝ Reσ2) and the L = L0′σβ law, with L0′ and β changing from galaxy to galaxy (and with time), can provide a new set of equations valid for investigating the evolution of early-type galaxies. These equations are able to account for the tilt of the fundamental plane and to explain the observed distributions of early-type galaxies in all its projections.

Aims. In this paper we analyze the advantages offered by these equations, derive the β and L0′ parameters for real and simulated galaxies, and demonstrate that depending on the value of β galaxies can move only along some permitted directions in the fundamental plane projections. Then we show that simple galaxy models that grow in mass by infall of gas and form stars with a star formation rate depending on the stellar velocity dispersion nicely reproduce the observed distributions of early-type galaxies in the fundamental plane projections and yield βs that agree with the measured values.

Methods. We derive the mutual relationships among the stellar mass, effective radius, velocity dispersion, and luminosity of early-type galaxies as a function of β and calculate the coefficients of the fundamental plane. Then, using the simple infall models, we show that the star formation history of early-type galaxies is compatible with the σ-dependent star formation rate, and that both positive and negative values of β are possible in a standard theory of galaxy evolution.

Results. The parameter β(t) offers a new view of the evolution of early-type galaxies. In brief, it gives a coherent interpretation of the fundamental plane and of the motions of galaxies in its projections; it is the fingerprint of their evolution; it measures the degree of virialization of early-type galaxies; and finally it allows us to infer their evolution in the near past.
Managing traffic and pedestrian flows at an intersection: simulation model parameters
Authors: Kulibaba Irina , Kuchmezov Khamzat , Laamarti Yuliya , Shamshurina Nina , Shamshurin Victor
Published: January 2023

The article highlights and justifies the input parameters for the simulation model of an intersection. The purpose of building the model is to predict and evaluate the results for reducing traffic and pedestrian downtime. The object of the study is an intersection located in the Pokrovskoe-Streshnevo area of the Northwest District of Moscow (55°49'35.9 "N37°27'08.0 "E). The authors structured and analyzed traffic flows passing through the intersection. The frequency of public transport, the location of nearby stops of such transport, and the phases of traffic lights were determined. Also, the parameters for the simulation scenarios are defined.
Social infrastructure importance for modern city and the ways of its urban development
Authors: Strashnova Yulia
Published: January 2023

The present study objective is to determine the importance of social infrastructure for modern city and to identify the ways of its urban development (Moscow, as an example). Statistics data (taken from official municipal and regional sources), results of systematic, typological, functional and structural analysis, sociological survey of population was used. Assessment of society development current challenges, analysis of scientific research in economy, education, culture, allowed the author to determine the importance of social infrastructure for modern city as a tool for urban environment transformation, quality improvement of human asset, strengthening the economic basis of the city. The author offered the periods of Moscow social infrastructure development from the early 20th century until present by identifying basic political and economic tasks, which determined the role and directions of cultural and consumer services sphere development. Within existing structural deformations of the system of cultural and consumer services for the population, the lack of territorial resources in the established development areas, the ways of social infrastructure improvement were proposed. These ways include planning optimization of the territory, clarifying typology and structure of public centers, working out the model of functional and spatial organization of the service system, techniques for intensifying the territory usage, sociological factor accounting, monitoring the level of social infrastructure urban development. The newness of the present study from the scientific point of view is a comprehensive approach to improvement of the city social infrastructure, including planning, sociological, architectural and spatial aspects.
Trends in the development of modern architecture and landscape-architectural environment of Rostov-on-Don and China, considering cultural traditions
Authors: Goryacheva Elena , Vlasova Irina , Kuzmenko Alexey
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the features of the formation of the landscape and architectural environment due to the trends in social development in the 20s of the 21st century. The present time is characterized by the formation of an information society, the complexity of social transformations, the problems of epidemics, the environmental crisis, and other processes. In this sense, the cultural, ecological, and traditional components of the surrounding space are necessary to stabilize the negative impact of the risks of the specified period. Urbanization and urban population growth require special attention to the identified problems. The million-plus Rostov-on-Don city, known for its pace of construction, has faced the issue of the need to intensify the landscape activities, considering the possibilities of transport interchanges, the environmental friendliness of the city, and other problems raised in our article due to the active construction of high-rise buildings. Of particular interest are the studies of Chinese scientists on this problem and the methods of its solution. Our tasks echo their theoretical research and practice of recreating lost and historic urban landscapes.
Nutritional value of black solder fly (Hermetia illucens) eggs and larvae reared on fermented milk industry waste as an ingredient of fish feed
Authors: Mikhailova Marina , Zolotarev Konstantin , Nakhod Valeriya , Farafonova Tatiana , Mikhailov Anton
Published: January 2023

Eggs and larvae of the black soldier fly are a new protein and lipid containing component, which seems to be quite promising for inclusion in a diet for fish feeding, since its rearing makes it possible to process wastes from various industries and agriculture. Omnivorous natures of black soldier fly, as well as high activity of amylases, lipases, and proteases are also advantageous. The nutritional value of eggs and larvae reared using fermented milk industry waste as a substrate was assessed by the content of total fat, total protein, water, macronutrients (K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Se), and by amino acid composition as well. Chemical analysis has shown that the larvae are nutritionally valuable in total, but further data on fatty acid analysis and vitamin content are required. Black soldier fly eggs are not nutritionally valuable as a complete feed but may be used as a component of a diet.
Formation of pragmatic thinking foreign students
Authors: Nikolenko Olga , Babakova Larisa , Morenko Boris
Published: January 2023

The focus of the study is the search for methods to improve the speech-cogitative activity of foreign students who study Russian as a foreign language at the initial and advanced stages of education for the further development of a technical profession. In order to achieve the tasks set, the team of authors analyzes some methodological methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language (including the method of teaching the scientific style of speech within the Russian as a foreign language) and comes to the conclusion that in modern conditions of intensification of the educational process, interdisciplinary coordination is necessary, which consists in immersion lexico-grammatical units into a highly specialized text adapted to them. Due to the integration of scientific knowledge (general linguistic and special), it becomes easier and faster to master the program of a higher educational institution, since this process creates the foundation for the formation of pragmatic thinking through the analysis and implementation of structural-semantic models with content and semantic diversity into speech practice. This allows you to put the student in real communicative conditions, in which scientific and speech problems are solved simaltaneously, to create complete statements in Russian independantly on a professional topic after rethinking the basic information and its content shades, and to form the skills of automated use of language tools.
The response of pig erythrocytes to the technological stress, depending on gender
Authors: Garskaya Natal`ya , Tresnitskiy Sergey , Garanovich Irina , Tresnitskiy Anatoliy , Rudenko Andrei
Published: January 2023

The article considers the issues of the peculiarities of how the technological stress influences the indicators of red blood cells in pigs. Clinically healthy animals were selected at the stage of mobilization of the development of stress response according to the principle of pairs of analogues: group I - breeding boars, group II - breeding sows. The oxygen budget of the body, determined by the indicators of red blood cells, during the development of a stress reaction in breeding pigs of “mature age” is also determined by their gender. Boars had average values of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in reference values, but the degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin was lower than normal and lower than that of sows. This may indicate that boars experience a greater shortage of oxygen supply to the tissues. Sows, in general, are more stress-resistent, as evidenced by the values of the ratio of lymphocytes and neutrophils, as well as their erythrocyte indicators. They differed from boars by a significantly lower level of erythrocytes and the reference level of hemoglobin in all examined individuals. In sows, the indicator of erythrocyte saturation with hemoglobin was significantly higher than in boars.
Representations of students with different strategies of meaning transfer about the teacher in the educational process
Authors: Suroedova Elena
Published: January 2023

The author has studied peculiarities of students' representations with different strategies of meaning transfer on communication and professional skills of teachers influencing students' meaning-making. The research involved 156 students of the age of 18-21 at their BSc 1st -3rd years of different study areas. The results reveal that there are certain peculiarities in students' ideas on the expression of verbal and non-verbal characteristics of a teacher in the educational process with different strategies of semantic transfer. Students believe that expressive and verbal features of the teacher influence their learning outcomes and appropriation of professional meanings.
Innovation-based development of vocational education in tourist-excursion activities and accommodation & food service
Authors: Provotorina Valeria , Kazmina Lyudmila , Makarenko Vadim
Published: January 2023

The present article is concerned with issues of innovative development of modern of vocational education in tourist-excursion activities and accommodation & food service; materials related to the study are reviewed, ways to put innovations into practice are analyzed. Moreover, the main types of innovative technologies in tourist-excursion and accommodation & food service education are identified. Among the identified innovative education technologies in the tourism and hospitality sectors are problem-based learning, project activities, business games and methods of distance technologies. Main trends of development of vocational education in tourist-excursion activities and accommodation & food serviceare reseached. The main educational innovative technologies are considered as an element of education in tourism education and in the training of hotel and restaurant service specialists. Each of the technologies is analyzed from the standpoint of practice-oriented learning, as a result of which recommendations for their use in education are outlined. The prospects for the use of selected technologies in tourism education are also considered.
Analysis of the structure and portion-intermittent movement of the threshed material in the threshing-separating tract
Authors: Fisunova Elena , Lavrenova Tatyana , Metelkova Nadezhda , Rudoy Dmitry
Published: January 2023

The article considers a number of models for describing threshing technology, which is associated with a variety of physical and mechanical properties of plants under different threshing conditions. The analysis of determining the position of a site with a relatively high resistance to the movement of plant mass is carried out, which may allow taking constructive measures to increase the speed of stems and reduce their damage for threshing machines of different sizes. The main components of the threshing medium in the threshing space are stems and grains. When studying the regularities of the threshing and separation processes, various models of the components of the threshed mass are used, reflecting to varying degrees the essential aspects of the phenomena under study. The given models of the threshed mass expand our understanding of the picture of what is happening in the threshing space.
State and problems of legal regulation of public relations in the field of the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Saraev Nikolay , Kicha Maria , Demidchenko Yuriy , Tsechoev Valery
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to establish, on the basis of a systematic analysis of the factors influencing the provision of legality, the elements of the modern deterministic complex of negative phenomena in lawmaking, law enforcement and judicial practice related to the effectiveness of law enforcement in the Russian Federation. Design/methodology/approach: The methodological basis of the study was the comparative-legal, statistical, structural-functional and method of expert assessments. Findings: Today in Russia, in the conditions of state-political transformations, the main functional burden for their successful implementation is placed on the rule of law as the main socializing regulatory institution. It has an extremely negative impact on the state of the legality of the problem in lawmaking and law enforcement. To understand the essence of these problems and minimize their consequences, the authors substantiate the need to study the identified issues within the framework of the concept of legal dementia. Legal dementia is such a state of compliance by subjects of law with the provisions of the law, which is characterized by a failure to some extent by state bodies not only to fulfill their functions, but also inability to respond due to a low level of competence and professionalism to factors that weaken the effectiveness of legal guarantees. Originality/value: The study made it possible to come to qualitatively new conclusions substantiating the dominance of legal dementia in the impact on the state of law in modern society. In order to increase the effectiveness of guarantees of legality, it is proposed to create a State Commission for the Codification of Legislation; to develop and implement the Concept for Ensuring the Rule of Law in the Russian Federation, which provides for a set of measures aimed at the uniformity of judicial practice.
Functional biologically active feed additive for breeding stock of fish
Authors: Romanova Elena , Romanov Vasily , Shadyeva Ludmila , Lubomirova Vaselina , Shlenkina Tatyana , Vasiliev Alexander , Turaeva Elena
Published: January 2023

The work is devoted to the development and evaluation of the complex effect of a biologically active feed additive that meets the requirements of a functional feeding complex that ensures the regulation of physiological processes in the body of female breeding stock. In particular, influence of feed additives and its components on growth rate, quality of sexual products, reproductive process, embryogenesis, level of anomalies in the development of offspring, its growth potential was studied. The biologically active feed additive for the breeding stock included probiotic «Sporotermin», adaptogen «Trekrezan», vitamin-amino acid complex «Chiktonik». The hypothesis was tested that the developed feed additive, due to the peculiarities of its composition, is able to increase the growth rate of fish, optimize gametogenesis, reduce the level of pathology during embryonic development, increase the yield of larvae, increase their viability, reduce the level of developmental anomalies, increase survival and safety. The research results showed that the biologically active feed additive reduced the time of fish rearing, had a positive effect on the quality of female eggs and sperm in males, increased the quality characteristics of eggs, reduced the level of embryonic death during embryo incubation, increased the yield of larvae and their safety.
Influence of probiotic preparations on metabolic processes, enterobiasis and the level of endogenous intoxication of animals
Authors: Osepchuk Denis , Semenenko Marina , Kuzminova Elena , Semenenko Ksenia
Published: January 2023

The article presents the results of studies of the probiotic preparations influence, including bacteria of various strains, on the microflora, biochemical blood homeostasis, the level of endogenous intoxication of young pigs, as well as on their productivity and safety. It was determined that feeding a polyassociative probiotic preparation containing a consortium of strains of lactic acid and propionic acid bacteria (Biovet-2), as well as the microbial mass of living bacteria B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (Subtilis), had a positive effect on the formation of microbiocenosis in the intestines of piglets, contributing to a stable clinical result, characterized by an increase in the content of lactobacilli in the intestinal chyme. Their introduction into feed increased the body weight gain of animals by 20.9% and 19.2% with 100% safety of animals. The use of probiotics contributed to the intensification of metabolic processes in the body of young pigs, in particular, an increase in serum of total protein by 7.1% and 10.6%, an increase of glucose by 12.8% and 10.9%, as well as a decrease in the level of endogenous intoxication. Thus, the inclusion of probiotic preparations in the technology of young pigs rearing can become an effective way to prevent gastrointestinal diseases based on environmentally friendly mechanisms for maintaining a high level of intestinal colonization resistance.