bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neonicotinoid contamination in wildflowers collected from citrus orchards in a northwestern Mediterranean Region (Spain) after tree foliar treatments
Authors: García-Valcárcel Ana Isabel , Campos-Rivela José Miguel , Hernando Guil María Dolores , Martínez-Ferrer María Teresa
Published: March 2022

Ground-cover vegetation attracts and harbors beneficial insects to the agrosystem, playing an important role in conservation biological control. Integrated pest management (IPM) program guidelines recommend the implantation of sowed or resident wild covers in perennial crops. Given the high-quality fruit requirements, even in IPM programs, insecticides can be required in citrus crops. This study presents, over a year, the levels of neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) in not-target ground-cover wildflowers growing spontaneously in citrus orchards after foliar treatment of citrus trees. The presence and persistence of these neonicotinoids in different wildflower species were studied. Concentrations of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in whole wildflowers ranged from < method quantification limit (MQL) to 52.9 ng g−1 and from < MQL to 98.6 ng g−1, respectively. Thiamethoxam was more frequently detected than imidacloprid. Thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were detected up to 336 and 230 days after treatment, respectively. The highest detection frequencies (100%) and highest thiamethoxam and imidacloprid mean concentrations (26.0 ± 7.3 ng g−1 and 11.0 ± 10.6 ng g−1, respectively) occurred in wildflowers collected 9 days after the treatments. Since application, a clear decrease in the concentration of both compounds and differences in the accumulation depending on wildflower species were observed. Cross contamination was detected, indicating a transport from adjacent treated plots. Maintaining a cover crop in citrus orchards may lead to detrimental effects on non-target arthropods if these neonicotinoid compounds are used for pest control since they can entail a chronic exposure during at least 230 days for imidacloprid and 336 days for thiamethoxam.
Unenhanced abdominal low-dose CT reconstructed with deep learning-based image reconstruction: image quality and anatomical structure depiction
Authors: Kaga Tetsuro , Noda Yoshifumi , Mori Takayuki , Kawai Nobuyuki , Miyoshi Toshiharu , Hyodo Fuminori , Kato Hiroki , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the utility of deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in unenhanced abdominal low-dose CT (LDCT).

Materials and methods

Two patient groups were included in this prospective study: 58 consecutive patients who underwent unenhanced abdominal standard-dose CT reconstructed with hybrid iterative reconstruction (SDCT group) and 48 consecutive patients who underwent unenhanced abdominal LDCT reconstructed with high strength level of DLIR (LDCT group). The background noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava, and portal vein were calculated. Two radiologists qualitatively assessed the overall image noise, overall image quality, and abdominal anatomical structures depiction. Quantitative and qualitative parameters and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) were compared between SDCT and LDCT groups.

Results

The background noise was lower in LDCT group than in SDCT group (P = 0.02). SNRs were higher in LDCT group than in SDCT group (P < 0.001–0.004) except for the liver. Overall image noise was superior in LDCT group than in SDCT group (P < 0.001). Overall image quality was not different between SDCT and LDCT groups (P = 0.25–0.26). Depiction of almost all abdominal anatomical structures was equal to or better in LDCT group than in SDCT group (P < 0.001–0.88). The SSDE was lower in LDCT group (4.0 mGy) than in SDCT group (20.6 mGy) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

DLIR facilitates substantial radiation dose reduction of > 75% and significantly reduces background noise. DLIR can maintain image quality and anatomical structure depiction in unenhanced abdominal LDCT.
Wann sind wir endlich gut genug?
Authors: Reichel René , Gahleitner Silke Birgitta
Published: March 2022

Selbsterfahrung hat viele Bedeutungen, begrifflich sowie in Bezug auf die jeweiligen Ziele. In der Praxis hat sie sowohl für KlientInnen als auch für Fachkräfte eine große Bedeutung. Sie unterliegt dabei jedoch – ebenso wie die Psychotherapie insgesamt – der Gefahr, ihr kritisches Potenzial zugunsten aktueller gesellschaftlicher Trends in Richtung Selbstoptimierung einzubüßen. Dieser Artikel der Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie versucht, nach einer Begriffsklärung die Chancen und Risiken von Selbsterfahrungsprozessen in der Psychotherapie sowie in Ausbildungsprozessen auszuloten.
Social vulnerability of coastal fish farming community to tidal (Rob) flooding: a case study from Indramayu, Indonesia
Authors: Putiamini Sepanie , Mulyani Mari , Patria Mufti Petala , Soesilo Tri Edhi Budhi , Karsidi Asep
Published: March 2022

Climate-related disasters increasingly threaten over one-third of the global population, specifical communities within 100 km of coastal zones. Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelago with the second-longest coastline, faces tidal (Rob) flooding from high tides, land subsidence, and sea-level rise. This study assess fish farmers’ vulnerability to Rob flooding in Java’s Indramayu District. Our Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI)’s development involved 150 questionnaires, focus group discussion, and key-informant interviews between 16 and 20 October 2019. It found a high vulnerability, a SoVI score of + 1.76 comprising nine principal components (PCs): external support and government mitigation, local knowledge, income, expenditure, family size, seasonal-expenditure, education, experience, and ethnicity. Contributing to ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience’ concepts, it highlights community memory of repeated disasters and its impact on local adaptive capacity. Findings inform policymakers to address the PCs influencing vulnerability, including critically-needed livelihood support and early-warning systems relevant to the country’s 12,000 + coastal-villages and developing countries where over 90% of fishermen live.
Shallow or deep? The impact of orthographic depth on visual processing impairments in developmental dyslexia
Authors: Provazza Serena , Carretti Barbara , Giofrè David , Adams Anne-Marie , Montesano Lorena , Roberts Daniel
Published: March 2022

The extent to which impaired visual and phonological mechanisms may contribute to the manifestation of developmental dyslexia across orthographies of varying depth has yet to be fully established. By adopting a cross-linguistic approach, the current study aimed to explore the nature of visual and phonological processing in developmental dyslexic readers of shallow (Italian) and deep (English) orthographies, and specifically the characterisation of visual processing deficits in relation to orthographic depth. To achieve this aim, we administered a battery of non-reading visual and phonological tasks. Developmental dyslexics performed worse than typically developing readers on all visual and phonological tasks. Critically, readers of the shallow orthography were disproportionately impaired on visual processing tasks. Our results suggest that the impaired reading and associated deficits observed in developmental dyslexia are anchored by dual impairments to visual and phonological mechanisms that underpin reading, with the magnitude of the visual deficit varying according to orthographic depth.
Unpacking the Belt and Road Initiative: Does Its Public Diplomacy Narratives Match Its Implementation?
Authors: Jiang Yuan
Published: March 2022

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a well-acknowledged central economic and diplomatic policy of the Chinese government, which was proposed by President Xi Jinping in 2013. This paper intends to discover the relationship between the public diplomacy narratives of the BRI and its implementation. By using content analysis, this paper analyzes Chinese President Xi’s speeches from 2013 to 2020 about the BRI, as well as official statements of the Chinese central government. It identifies the public diplomacy narratives of the BRI: an assemblage of constantly changing policy settings that accommodates various economic and political interests. Also, this paper draws on differences between countries joining the BRI or not, and several case studies to elucidate the implementation of the BRI.

Different from repetitive literature that explores either the BRI narratives or its implementation, this paper contributes by combining and comparing the two. Despite positive interpretations of the BRI the Chinese government has adopted, the paper argues that there are no deceptive tricks with skeletons in the closet of the Chinese government, as the BRI public diplomacy narratives are, in general, consistent with its implementation.
Structure and principles of self-assembly of giant “sea urchin” type sulfonatophenyl porphine aggregates
Authors: Pleckaitis Marijus , Habach Fayez , Kontenis Lukas , Steinbach Gábor , Jarockyte Greta , Kalnaityte Agne , Domonkos Ildikó , Akhtar Parveen , Alizadeh Mehdi , Bagdonas Saulius , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Garab Győző , Rotomskis Ricardas , Barzda Virginijus
Published: March 2022

Principles of molecular self-assembly into giant hierarchical structures of hundreds of micrometers in size are studied in aggregates of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4). The aggregates form a central tubular core, which is covered with radially protruding filamentous non-branching aggregates. The filaments cluster and orient at varying angles from the core surface and some filaments form bundles. Due to shape resemblance, the structures are termed giant sea urchin (GSU) aggregates. Spectrally resolved fluorescence microscopy reveals J- and H-bands of TPPS4 aggregates in both the central core and the filaments. The fluorescence of the core is quenched while filaments exhibit strong fluorescence. Upon drying, the filament fluorescence gets quenched while the core is less affected, showing stronger relative fluorescence. Fluorescence-detected linear dichroism (FDLD) microscopy reveals that absorption dipoles corresponding to J-bands are oriented along the filament axis. The comparison of FDLD with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals the structure of central core comprised of multilayer ribbons, which wind around the core axis forming a tube. Polarimetric second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation microscopy exhibits strong signal from the filaments with nonlinear dipoles oriented close to the filament axis, while central core displays very low SHG due to close to centrosymmetric organization. Large chiral nonlinear susceptibility points to helical arrangement of the filaments. The investigation shows that TPPS4 molecules form distinct aggregate types, including chiral nanotubes and nanogranular aggregates that associate into the hierarchical GSU structure, prototypical to complex biological structures. The chiral TPPS4 aggregates can serve as harmonophores for nonlinear microscopy.
Pack Siliconizing Optimization of AISI D2 Tool Steel
Authors: Najafizadeh Mojtaba , Hosseinzadeh Morteza , Ghasempour-Mouziraji Mehran , Perrone Angelo , Cavaliere Pasquale
Published: March 2022

The paper describes the pack siliconizing optimization procedure for AISI D2 tool steel. Pack siliconizing was performed by employing different treating temperatures (falling in the range 650–950 °C) and times (falling in the range 2–4 h). The siliconizing atmosphere was obtained through silicon (at 12 wt.%) with the addition of different percentages of NH4Cl (falling in the range 0.5–1 wt.%), Al2O3 was used as halide activator. The coatings’ phases evolution was analyzed through X-ray diffraction; the coatings’ thickness was measured through scanning electron microscopy observations of the cross section of the samples; the mechanical properties were evaluated through micro hardness measurements. The results showed that the coatings’ thickness and hardness increase as the treating time and temperature as well as the halide activator percentage increase. The coating procedure optimization was performed by employing the response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken method. The results of the optimization procedure led to the of the optimal combination of processing parameters: 1 wt.% of halide activator, 3.575 holding time, 950 °C in temperature.
Functional properties of irrigated cotton under urban treated wastewater using an intelligent method
Authors: Dehghanisanij Hossein , Emami Somayeh , Khasheisiuki Abbas
Published: March 2022

The use of urban treated wastewater for agriculture is one of the most important parts of unconventional water use in arid and semi-arid regions, but the proper situation for its application needs to be considered. For this purpose, a study aimed at comparing five levels of water requirement including well water (control) (T1), urban treated wastewater (T2), 50% well water combination and 50% urban treated wastewater (T3), alternating irrigation between well water and urban treated wastewater each watering (T4), and combination of 33% well water and 66% urban treated wastewater (T5) in a randomized complete block design with three replications on water use efficiency and cotton yield. The study was conducted in a selected farm located in Torbat-Heydarieh southeastern Iran during two cropping years (2013 and 2014). Then, a hybrid tree growth optimization algorithm (TGO) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were used to predict cotton yield from four independent variables: soil characteristics, well water irrigation, urban treated wastewater irrigation, and meteorological data. Experimental treatments significantly altered soil chemistry. Cottonseed weight, cotton yield, and the number of bolls increased during the second year of treatments. A Duncan’s test of the mean showed thatT3significantly outperformed the other treatments measured as cottonseed weight, cotton yield, number of bolls, and water use efficiency. Overall, treatments utilizing treated wastewater outperformed the control, irrigation with well water. Additionally, based on the modeling results irrigation with an equal ratio of the well and treated wastewater resulted in improving soil and cotton growth conditions and yield during the study.
A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: laboratory and field-scale measurements
Authors: Elsayed Mahmoud , Isah Abubakar , Hiba Moaz , Hassan Amjed , Al-Garadi Karem , Mahmoud Mohamed , El-Husseiny Ammar , Radwan Ahmed E.
Published: March 2022

This review presents the latest update, applications, techniques of the NMR tools in both laboratory and field scales in the oil and gas upstream industry. The applications of NMR in the laboratory scale were thoroughly reviewed and summarized such as porosity, pores size distribution, permeability, saturations, capillary pressure, and wettability. NMR is an emerging tool to evaluate the improved oil recovery techniques, and it was found to be better than the current techniques used for screening, evaluation, and assessment. For example, NMR can define the recovery of oil/gas from the different pore systems in the rocks compared to other macroscopic techniques that only assess the bulk recovery. This manuscript included different applications for the NMR in enhanced oil recovery research. Also, NMR can be used to evaluate the damage potential of drilling, completion, and production fluids laboratory and field scales. Currently, NMR is used to evaluate the emulsion droplet size and its behavior in the pore space in different applications such as enhanced oil recovery, drilling, completion, etc. NMR tools in the laboratory and field scales can be used to assess the unconventional gas resources and NMR showed a very good potential for exploration and production advancement in unconventional gas fields compared to other tools. Field applications of NMR during exploration and drilling such as logging while drilling, geosteering, etc., were reviewed as well. Finally, the future and potential research directions of NMR tools were introduced which include the application of multi-dimensional NMR and the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected data during the logging while drilling operations.
Navigating surgical anatomy of the Denonvilliers’ fascia and dissection planes of the anterior mesorectum with a cadaveric simulation model
Authors: García-Gausí María , García-Armengol Juan , Pellino Gianluca , Mulas Claudia , Roig José V. , García-Granero Alvaro , Moro David , Valverde Alfonso
Published: March 2022

Anterior dissection of the rectum in the male pelvis represents one of the most complex phases of total meso-rectal excision. However, the possible existence of different anatomical planes is controversial and the exact anatomical topography of Denonvilliers’ fascia is still debated. The aim of the study is to accurately define in a cadaveric simulation model the existence and boundaries of Denonvilliers’ fascia, identifying the anatomical planes suitable for surgical dissection. The pelvises of 31 formalin-preserved male cadavers were dissected. Careful and detailed dissection was carried out to visualize the anatomical structures and the potential dissection planes, simulating an anterior meso-rectum dissection. Denonvilliers’ fascia was identified in 100% of the pelvises, as a single-layer fascia that originates from the peritoneal reflection and descends until its firm adhesion to the prostate capsule. The fascia divides the space providing an anterior and a posterior plane. Anteriorly to the fascia, during the caudal dissection, its firm adhesion to the prostate capsule forces to section it sharply. The cadaveric simulation model allowed an accurate description of Denonvilliers’ fascia, defining several planes for anterior dissection of the meso-rectum.
Effect of chest physiotherapy on cystic fibrosis sputum nanostructure: an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Abrami Michela , Maschio Massimo , Conese Massimo , Confalonieri Marco , Salton Francesco , Gerin Fabio , Dapas Barbara , Farra Rossella , Adrover Alessandra , Milcovich Gesmi , Fornasier Claudia , Biasin Alice , Grassi Mario , Grassi Gabriele
Published: March 2022

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by the production of viscous mucoid secretions in multiple organs, particularly the airways. The pathological increase of proteins, mucin and biological polymers determines their arrangement into a three-dimensional polymeric network, affecting the whole mucus and impairing the muco-ciliary clearance which promotes inflammation and bacterial infection. Thus, to improve the efficacy of the drugs usually applied in CF therapy (e.g., mucolytics, anti-inflammatory and antibiotics), an in-depth understanding of the mucus nanostructure is of utmost importance. Drug diffusivity inside a gel-like system depends on the ratio between the diffusing drug molecule radius and the mesh size of the network. Based on our previous findings, we propose the combined use of rheology and low field NMR to study the mesh size distribution of the sputum from CF patients. Specifically, we herein explore the effects of chest physiotherapy on CF sputum characteristic as evaluated by rheology, low field NMR and the drug penetration through the mucus via mathematical simulation. These data show that chest physiotherapy has beneficial effects on patients, as it favourably modifies sputum and enhances drug penetration through the respiratory mucus.

Graphical abstract
The stochastic Fisher-KPP Equation with seed bank and on/off branching coalescing Brownian motion
Authors: Blath Jochen , Hammer Matthias , Nie Florian
Published: March 2022

We introduce a new class of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with seed bank modeling the spread of a beneficial allele in a spatial population where individuals may switch between an active and a dormant state. Incorporating dormancy and the resulting seed bank leads to a two-type coupled system of equations with migration between both states. We first discuss existence and uniqueness of seed bank SPDEs and provide an equivalent delay representation that allows a clear interpretation of the age structure in the seed bank component. The delay representation will also be crucial in the proofs. Further, we show that the seed bank SPDEs give rise to an interesting class of “on/off”-moment duals. In particular, in the special case of the F-KPP Equation with seed bank, the moment dual is given by an “on/off-branching Brownian motion”. This system differs from a classical branching Brownian motion in the sense that independently for all individuals, motion and branching may be “switched off” for an exponential amount of time after which they get “switched on” again. On/off branching Brownian motion shows qualitatively different behaviour to classical branching Brownian motion and is an interesting object for study in itself. Here, as an application of our duality, we show that the spread of a beneficial allele, which in the classical F-KPP Equation, started from a Heaviside intial condition, evolves as a pulled traveling wave with speed$$\sqrt{2}$$2, is slowed down significantly in the corresponding seed bank F-KPP model. In fact, by computing bounds on the position of the rightmost particle in the dual on/off branching Brownian motion, we obtain an upper bound for the speed of propagation of the beneficial allele given by$$\sqrt{\sqrt{5}-1}\approx 1.111$$5-1≈1.111under unit switching rates. This shows that seed banks will indeed slow down fitness waves and preserve genetic variability, in line with intuitive reasoning from population genetics and ecology.
European Copyright Society – Comment on Copyright and the Digital Services Act Proposal
Authors: Peukert Alexander , Husovec Martin , Kretschmer Martin , Mezei Péter , Quintais João Pedro
Published: March 2022

On 15 December 2020, the European Commission submitted a proposal for a regulation on a single market for digital services (Digital Services Act, DSA) and amending Directive 2000/31/EC. The legislative project seeks to establish a robust and durable governance structure for the effective supervision of providers of intermediary services. To this end, the DSA sets out numerous due diligence obligations of intermediaries concerning any type of illegal information, including copyright-infringing content. Empirically, copyright law accounts for most content removal from online platforms, by an order of magnitude. Thus, copyright enforcement online is a major issue in the context of the DSA, and the DSA will be of utmost importance for the future of online copyright in the EU. Against this background, the European Copyright Society takes this opportunity to share its view on the relationship between the copyright acquis and the DSA, as well as further selected aspects of the DSA from a copyright perspective.
Kidney health for all: bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy
Authors: Langham Robyn G. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Bonner Ann , Balducci Alessandro , Hsiao Li-Li , Kumaraswami Latha A. , Laffin Paul , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Saadi Gamal , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Ulasi Ifeoma , Lui Siu-Fai ,   For the World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee, Langham Robyn G , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Balducci Alessandro , Hsiao Li-Li , Kumaraswami Latha , Laffin Paul , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Saadi Gamal , Ulasi Ifeoma , Lui Siu-Fai
Published: March 2022

The high burden of kidney disease, global disparities in kidney care, and poor outcomes of kidney failure bring a concomitant growing burden to persons affected, their families, and carers, and the community at large. Health literacy is the degree to which persons and organizations have or equitably enable individuals to have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to make informed health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others. Rather than viewing health literacy as a patient deficit, improving health literacy largely rests with health care providers communicating and educating effectively in codesigned partnership with those with kidney disease. For kidney policy makers, health literacy provides the imperative to shift organizations to a culture that places the person at the center of health care. The growing capability of and access to technology provides new opportunities to enhance education and awareness of kidney disease for all stakeholders. Advances in telecommunication, including social media platforms, can be leveraged to enhance persons’ and providers’ education; The World Kidney Day declares 2022 as the year of “Kidney Health for All” to promote global teamwork in advancing strategies in bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy. Kidney organizations should work toward shifting the patient-deficit health literacy narrative to that of being the responsibility of health care providers and health policy makers. By engaging in and supporting kidney health–centered policy making, community health planning, and health literacy approaches for all, the kidney communities strive to prevent kidney diseases and enable living well with kidney disease.
Manifold learning for novelty detection and its application in gesture recognition
Authors: Luo Yang , Yuan Yibiao , Zheng Wei , Mo Xiaohui
Published: March 2022

As a state-of-the-art novelty detection method, Kernel Null Foley–Sammon Transform (KNFST) could identify multiple known classes and detect novelties from an unknown class via a single model. However, KNFST only captures the global information of the training set. The local geometrical structure is neglected. In this paper, a manifold is incorporated into KNFST to solve this issue. First, we use manifold graphs to depict the local structure for within-class scatter and total scatter. Second, the training samples from the same class are mapped into a single point in null space via null projected directions (NPDs). The proposed method can overcome the weakness of KNFST caused by ignoring local geometrical structure in the class. The experimental results on several toy and benchmark datasets show that manifold learning novelty detection (MLND) is superior to KNFST.
Empirical framework for identification of the most harmful malicious attacks on a smart grid
Authors: Albarakati Aiman J. , Bikdash Marwan
Published: March 2022

The aim of this paper is the identification of the most harmful malicious attacks in a smart grid with basis on the removal of buses in a particular sequence. For that, we define the Electrical Most Damaging Element (EMDE) and the Iterated Centrality Measure (ICM). The EMDE is the element that leads to the largest unsatisfied load increase after removed, in the current state of the smart grid. The ICM is a meaningful scaled centrality for iterated attacks. Attack strategies such as the IEMDE (Iterated Electrical Most Damaging Element) and the Iterated Most Central Element (IMCE) are proposed as references for evaluating the impact of failure sequences by comparison. For each fault strategy approach, the vulnerability curves as well as a scalability analysis are presented. It is demonstrated that the IEMDE approximated the $$N-k-\varepsilon$$

N
-
k
-
ε

algorithm, but with reduced computational expense. Furthermore, the IMCE approach provided an efficient fault profile close to the performance of the IEMDE. Although this framework is applied in this paper to failures in buses, it can similarly be applied to other elements. Future research will be focused in applying these concepts to transmission lines.
Strategies to improve uptake and adherence of non-pharmacologic interventions for orthostatic hypotension in older people: a qualitative study
Authors: Robinson Lisa , Pearce Ruth , Frith James
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Non-pharmacologic therapies are a safe and effective treatment for orthostatic hypotension (OH) in older adults. However, adherence to non-drug therapies is challenging and may require specific behaviour change approaches to promote uptake and adherence. The study aim is to identify specific behavioural change techniques to promote uptake and adherence with non-pharmacologic interventions for older adults with OH.

Methods

Forty semi-structured, qualitative interviews were performed in 25 older adults with OH. Each participant experienced bolus-water drinking, physical counter-manoeuvres and compression garments during two efficacy studies. Emergent themes were identified through framework analysis, based on The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy.

Results

Several themes to encourage uptake and adherence arose. Motivation to adhere with an intervention may be improved by demonstrating its effectiveness, either through symptom monitoring or biofeedback. Practising or rehearsing how to use an intervention may improve self-efficacy and promote habit formation. Embedding therapies into daily life so that they become second nature was felt to be a useful strategy. Educating older adults about why they are being asked to use a therapy and demonstrating how to use it is important. More specific barriers may be overcome by encouraging a personal problem-solving approach.

Conclusion

These specific behaviour change techniques, derived by older people with OH and based on evidence-based approaches, provide useful strategies to improve the uptake and adherence of non-drug therapies in the treatment of OH.

Trial registration

ISRCTN15084870.
Blended Learning and Student-centered Active Learning Environment: a Case Study with STEM Undergraduate Students
Authors: Capone Roberto
Published: March 2022

This paper describes an embedded case study of “blended” teaching integrated with traditional lessons in a Student-Centered Active Learning Environment and social activities on the platform. The didactic phenomena were designed by creating learning environments, artifacts, and teaching/learning sequences in authentic educational contexts. We aim at improving the task design of a mathematics lesson with an impact on students’ performance in mathematics. Quantitative results show considerable benefits in the evolution of the use and coordination of several systems of semiotic representation. As a result, a better predisposition to the study of the subject seems to appear; moreover, the satisfaction test shows the achievement of alternative teaching methodologies for most of the students.
Ptolemy's Methodological Principles in the Creation of His Map Projections
Authors: Pápay Gyula
Published: March 2022

Ptolemy developed instructions for three projections, but only the first two projections were used in practice. These instructions, which contributed significantly to the development of theoretical cartography, did not explicitly describe the methodological basis on which they were elaborated. The derivation of the data used in the instructions thus remained partly unclear, such as the localisation of the centre of the latitude circles in the first projection. Here, an attempt was made to reconstruct Ptolemy's methodological principles. It turned out that he used a simple but ingenious method that made it possible to create all projections without trigonometric calculations, only with the use of compass (instrument to construct circles) and ruler.
The Political Regulation Wave
Authors: Shen Shiran Victoria
Published: March 2022

Why has there been uneven success in reducing air pollution even in the same locality over time? This book offers an innovative theorization of how local political incentives can affect bureaucratic regulation. Using empirical evidence, it examines and compares the control of different air pollutants in China-an autocracy-and, to a lesser extent, Mexico-a democracy. Making use of new data, approaches, and techniques across political science, environmental sciences, and engineering, Shen reveals that local leaders and politicians are incentivized to cater to the policy preferences of their superiors or constituents, respectively, giving rise to varying levels of regulatory stringency during the leaders' tenures. Shen demonstrates that when ambiguity dilutes regulatory effectiveness, having the right incentives and enhanced monitoring is insufficient for successful policy implementation. Vividly explaining key phenomena through anecdotes and personal interviews, this book identifies new causes of air pollution and proposes timely solutions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Determinants of Beginning Farm Success
Authors: Key Nigel
Published: March 2022

Using linked data from multiple years of the U.S. Census of Agriculture, this study identifies farm and operator characteristics associated with beginning farm survival, growth, and success. Success is defined as continuing in business for 5 years without a decline in farm real estate asset value. The results indicate which types of beginning farms and farmers are likely to survive and grow—information which could be useful in targeting program resources. By identifying policy-amenable variables that correlate with both farm survival and business expansion, the results also suggest possible mechanisms for increasing the success of beginning farms.
Germs, Guns, and Fear in Disaster Response: A Rapid Qualitative Assessment to Understand Fear-Based Responses in the Population at Large: Lessons From Sierra Leone 2014-2015
Authors: Nally Cora P. , Van de Voorde Patrick , Temmerman Marleen , Adam Mary
Published: March 2022

We set out to assess the feasibility of community-focused randomized qualitative assessment at the start of an emergency to identify the root causes of fear-based responses driving the pandemic. We used key informant interviews, focus group discussions, reviewing of government and non-government organization documents, combined with direct field observation. Data were recorded and analyzed for key-themes: (1) lack of evidence-based information about Ebola; (2) lack of support to quarantined families; (3) culturally imbedded practices of caring for ill family members; (4) strong feeling that the government would not help them, and the communities needed to help themselves: (5) distrust of nongovernmental organizations and Ebola treatment centers that the communities viewed as opportunistic. On-the-ground real-time engagement with stakeholders provided deep insight into fear-based-responses during the Ebola epidemic, formed a coherent understanding of how they drove the epidemic, presenting an alternative to the standard disaster-response United Nations-strategy, producing community-driven solutions with local ownership.
Hidden within a pandemic: how is international funding supporting mental health during COVID-19?
Authors: Gribble Rebecca S. F. , Durham Jenna R. , Roy Samantha F.
Published: March 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is bringing to light the long-neglected area of mental health. Current evidence demonstrates an increase in mental, neurological and substance use conditions globally. Although long-established as a leading cause of disease burden, mental health has been historically grossly underfunded. This analysis seeks to demonstrate the extent to which funding for mental health has been prioritised within the international COVID-19 response.

Methods

The authors analysed the development and humanitarian funding through data provided by the International Aid Transparency Initiative. Project-level COVID-19 data from January 2020 to March 2021 were reviewed for mental health relevance. Relevant projects were then classified into categories based on populations of concern for mental health and the degree of COVID-19 involvement. Financial information was assessed through project transaction data in US Dollars.

Results

Of the 8319 projects provided, 417 were mental health relevant. Mental health-relevant funding accounted for less than 2% of all COVID-19 development and humanitarian funding. Target populations which received the majority of mental health relevant funding were children and humanitarian populations, and 46% of funding went towards activities which combined COVID-19 responses with general humanitarian actions. Over half of mental health relevant funding was received by ten countries, and ten donor organisations provided almost 90% of funding.

Conclusion

This analysis shows that the international donor community is currently falling short in supporting mental health within and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic continues, sustainable country-led awareness, treatment, and prevention for mental, neurological and substance use conditions must be prioritised
One year of psychiatric presentations to a hospital emergency department during COVID-19
Authors: Hartnett Yvonne , Alshurafa Khadija , McAndrew Joseph , Daly Darren , Alsaffar Mohamed , Cotter David , Cannon Mary , MacHale Siobhan , Murphy Kieran C. , Barry Helen
Published: March 2022

Objectives:

To examine the impact of the first full year of the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions on the volume and nature of psychiatric presentations to an emergency department (ED) in a large academic hospital.

Methods:

Anonymised clinical data on psychiatric presentations to the ED were collected for the 52-week period from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and compared with corresponding 1 year periods in 2019 and 2018.

Results:

There was a significant increase in psychiatric presentations overall to the ED during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years, in contrast to a reduction in total presentations for all other specialties. There was a marked increase in psychiatric presentations of those below 18 years, and in the 30–39 years and 40–49 years age groups, but a decrease in the 18–29 years group. There was a significant increase in anxiety disorder presentations but a decrease in alcohol related presentations. There was no significant change observed in the rates of presentations for self-harm or suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

Psychiatric presentations to the ED have increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in contrast to a decrease in presentations for other medical specialties, with this increase being driven by out-of-hours presentations. The fourfold increase in presentations of young people below the age of 18 years to the ED with mental health difficulties is an important finding and suggests a disproportionate burden of psychological strain placed on this group during the pandemic.
Coherence of unsteady wake of periodically plunging airfoil
Authors: Turhan Burak , Wang Zhijin , Gursul Ismet
Published: March 2022

We present an experimental investigation of the flow structure in the near wake of a NACA0012 airfoil plunging sinusoidally at a chord Reynolds number of Re = 20 000 and for a wide range of reduced frequency k and Strouhal number based on peak-to-peak amplitude St. Estimated mean thrust coefficients using the mean and fluctuating velocity fields confirm the St2 dependence as well as a significant effect of the reduced frequency for k ≤ 1. Generally, time-averaged flow quantities are better correlated with St than k in the range tested (k ≤ 3.14 and St ≤ 0.24). Analysis of the streamwise flow and cross-flow in the near wake using two-point cross-correlations and proper orthogonal decomposition reveals that the unsteady characteristics are even better correlated with St than the mean flow quantities. The percentage energy of the fundamental wake modes of the streamwise flow and the flapping mode of the cross-flow increases with increasing St, but at different rates in the drag-producing and thrust-producing wakes. There are similarities to the wake synchronisation behind oscillating bodies. The spanwise-averaged cross-correlation coefficient in the measurement domain grows linearly for small St (in drag-producing wakes), and is nearly constant at a high value for larger St (in thrust-producing wakes). Results show that the Strouhal number is the most important parameter that determines the degree of two-dimensionality of the wake, and suggest that spanwise vortices are quasi-two-dimensional for St ≥ 0.05 and x/c ≤ 4. The implications for experimental gust generators using oscillating airfoils are discussed.
Ethical dilemmas of school counsellors: A vignette study
Authors: Şensoy Gözde , İkiz Fatma Ebru
Published: March 2022

School counsellors often encounter ethically challenging situations due to contradictory values and roles. This qualitative research aimed to define school counsellors’ ethical dilemmas and their responses to such situations. Twenty-seven school counsellors in Turkey were asked to respond to 13 vignettes with ethical dilemmas. The most frequent ethical dilemmas involved the limits of confidentiality, confusion about counsellors’ professional roles in school settings, uncooperative behaviours among stakeholders, and suspected child sexual abuse. It was revealed that counsellors prioritise the students’ benefit and respect students’ privacy. They follow legal guidelines in risky situations and insist on working within their areas of competence; they are not willing to accept noncounselling tasks. The results and implications for counsellors, counsellor educators and researchers are discussed.
Mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet until the year 3000 under a sustained late-21st-century climate
Authors: Greve Ralf , Chambers Christopher
Published: March 2022

We conduct extended versions of the ISMIP6 future climate experiments for the Greenland ice sheet until the year 3000 with the model SICOPOLIS. Beyond 2100, the climate forcing is kept fixed at late-21st-century conditions. For the unabated warming pathway RCP8.5/SSP5-8.5, the ice sheet suffers a severe mass loss, which amounts to ~ 1.8 m SLE (sea-level equivalent) for the 12-experiment mean, and ~ 3.5 m SLE (~ 50% of the entire mass) for the most sensitive experiment. For the reduced emissions pathway RCP2.6/SSP1-2.6, the mass loss is limited to a two-experiment mean of ~ 0.28 m SLE. Climate-change mitigation during the next decades will therefore be an efficient means for limiting the contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea-level rise in the long term.
FORCING CONSTRUCTIONS AND COUNTABLE BOREL EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
Authors: GAO SU , JACKSON STEVE , KROHNE EDWARD , SEWARD BRANDON
Published: March 2022

We prove a number of results about countable Borel equivalence relations with forcing constructions and arguments. These results reveal hidden regularity properties of Borel complete sections on certain orbits. As consequences they imply the nonexistence of Borel complete sections with certain features.
Association between occupational stress, work shift and health outcomes in hospital workers of the Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil: the impact of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Coelho Lorene Goncalves , Costa Priscila Ribas de Farias , Kinra Sanjay , Mallinson Poppy Alice Carson , Akutsu Rita de Cássia Coelho de Almeida
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to ascertain the level of occupational stress before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, how it changed and its association with health outcomes of hospital workers in the Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil. A longitudinal study was conducted with 218 hospital workers over 18 years old. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle, anthropometric and health data. The main exposures were occupational stress, assessed through Job Content Questionnaire and classified according to the Demand-Control Model and reported shift work. Health outcomes considered were nutritional status assessed by BMI, waist circumference and body fat percentage, health self-perception and cardiovascular risk factors. We used McNemar χ2 or Wilcoxon tests to compare the levels of exposure and outcome variables before and during the pandemic, and OR to evaluate associations between changes in occupational stress and shift work with health outcomes. During the pandemic, participants reported increased occupational stress and shift work and lower self-perceived health and had higher BMI and cardiovascular risk factors, compared with before the pandemic. No association was observed between change in occupational stress and health outcomes. However, increased amount of shift work was related to increased BMI in the overall sample (OR 3·79, 95 % CI (1·40, 10·30)) and in health workers (OR 11·56; 95 % CI (2·57, 52·00)). These findings support calls to strengthen labour policies to ensure adequate working conditions for hospital workers in context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
ΨΥΧΑΓΩΓΙΑ IN PHILODEMUS
Authors: Barnes Robert John
Published: March 2022

This article argues that the word ψυχαγωγία and its cognates which are found in the writings of Philodemus retain a semantic connection to the domain of magic and are best translated in terms of ‘enchantment’ rather than the more generic sense of ‘entertainment’.
Early-life adversity and risk for depression and anxiety: The role of interpersonal support
Authors: Metts Allison V. , Yarrington Julia S. , Zinbarg Richard , Hammen Constance , Mineka Susan , Enders Craig , Craske Michelle G.
Published: March 2022

Early-life adversity is a major risk factor for psychopathology, but not all who experience adversity develop psychopathology. The current study evaluated whether the links between child and adolescent adversity and depression and anxiety were described by general benefits and/or buffering effects of interpersonal support. Data from 456 adolescents oversampled on neuroticism over a 5-year period were examined in a series of discrete-time survival analyses to predict subsequent disorder onsets. Models examined linear, quadratic, and interactive effects of interpersonal support over time, as measured by chronic interpersonal stress interview ratings. Results did not support buffering effects of interpersonal support against either child or adolescent adversity in predicting depression or anxiety. However, there was support for the general benefits model of interpersonal support as evidenced by follow-up analyses of significant quadratic effects of interpersonal support, demonstrating that higher interpersonal support led to decreased likelihood of depression and anxiety onsets. Secondary analyses demonstrated that effects of interpersonal support remained after accounting for baseline depression and anxiety diagnoses. Further, quadratic effects were driven by social domains as opposed to familial domains when considering child adversity. Implications for interventions and randomized controlled prevention trials regarding interpersonal relationships are discussed.
Data-driven entropic spatially inhomogeneous evolutionary games
Authors: BONAFINI MAURO , FORNASIER MASSIMO , SCHMITZER BERNHARD
Published: March 2022

We introduce novel multi-agent interaction models of entropic spatially inhomogeneous evolutionary undisclosed games and their quasi-static limits. These evolutions vastly generalise first- and second-order dynamics. Besides the well-posedness of these novel forms of multi-agent interactions, we are concerned with the learnability of individual payoff functions from observation data. We formulate the payoff learning as a variational problem, minimising the discrepancy between the observations and the predictions by the payoff function. The inferred payoff function can then be used to simulate further evolutions, which are fully data-driven. We prove convergence of minimising solutions obtained from a finite number of observations to a mean-field limit, and the minimal value provides a quantitative error bound on the data-driven evolutions. The abstract framework is fully constructive and numerically implementable. We illustrate this on computational examples where a ground truth payoff function is known and on examples where this is not the case, including a model for pedestrian movement.