bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remaking Muslim Lives
Authors: Henig David
Published: May 2021

Remaking Muslim Lives: Everyday Islam in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina examines what it means to live a Muslim life amid the political ruptures, economic deprivation, and transformation of religious institutions in postsocialist, postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina. Popular representations of Muslim communities in Southeastern Europe have long featured simplistic images of Muslims’ lost faith, and of Islam as serving the interests of nationalism and identity politics. Drawing on a decade of ethnographic research, this book challenges these stereotypes. Through an exploration of the everyday experiences of several generations of Muslim men and women and against the backdrop of the turbulent postsocialist and postwar transformations, David Henig shows how living a Muslim life in rural Bosnia and Herzegovina is ordered and inscribed by deep relations of obligation and care with the living, the dead, and the divine that spans generations. His evocative study traces the manifestations of these relations from the intimate spheres of houses and village neighborhoods to the waiting room of an Islamic dream healer, from village mosques and outdoor prayers for rain to the “little Hajj” pilgrimage and commemorative sites for the Ottoman martyrs and those of the recent Bosnian war. This study makes a powerful contribution to our understanding of how religion and historical consciousness, interlocked through the rubric of exchange, is actively engaged to make sense of past tumultuous experiences and future-oriented expectations in the present.
Locked Doors
Authors: Henig David
Published: May 2021

This chapter addresses a key theme in the debates on post-Ottoman societies: what does it mean to live together? And what does it mean to share a social space with others? What do these question mean in the face and memories of radical social and political ruptures? These questions are ethnographically explored through the idea of neighborliness (komšiluk), and ethics of proximity. Through detailed life histories and ethnographic case studies, ranging from the arranging of funerals and neighborhood hospitality to lending a hand, this chapter documents how the changing character of interpersonal relations in village neighborhoods commonly expressed through neighborhood-related idioms mirrors larger socioeconomic reconfigurations of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in particular rising economic inequalities between the villagers that are felt and debated as newly emerged hierarchies between the “winners” and the “losers” of the postwar years.
Halal Exchange
Authors: Henig David
Published: May 2021

This chapter explores reconfigurations of the moral economy of village life through the concept of halal exchange. Halal exchange refers to an Islamic form of moral economy that is concerned with an ethics of care and generosity. The chapter introduces the practices of Islamic charity in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Subsequently, it introduces the idea of halal exchange as a form of moral reasoning that underlies multiple spheres of exchange in village life, and offers villagers a parallel logic of relating to each other in a situation of rising inequalities and monetization of what once used to be mutual help. It shows how the conception of halal exchange is established in the ritual of sacrifice and how this logic travels to other spheres of everyday life and spheres of exchange, ranging from mutual help, managing debts and money, to property relations.
“Prevent Miami from Becoming a Refugium Peccatorum”
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: May 2021

This chapter highlights the experiences of Black Bahamian women who attempted to enter Miami during the early twentieth century. It explores how single or unaccompanied Bahamian women were often excluded at the border as liable to become a “public charge.” They subverted the state’s assumptions of whiteness, reproductive heterosexuality, and masculine labor productivity. This work also traces how vigilance and regulation extended the borders; they manifested in a violent form of welfare that buttressed anxieties at the borders, as the state’s confinement of these women in hospitals, asylums, and holding cells seemed to justify restrictive immigration measures that predicted Bahamian women would become public charges. The state’s multiheaded approach to controlling moving bodies it deemed undesirable produced grammars and praxes of illegality, confinement, and deportability.
Shameless Interruptions
Authors: Zecena Ruben
Published: May 2021

While we know that undocumented youth have played critical roles in the fight for migrant rights in the 21st century, we know least about how this is playing out in the Southeastern United States. This chapter illuminates how racial legacies of Jim Crow, the Civil Rights Movement, and Cuban incorporation matter if we are to understand undocumented/undocuqueer activists from Miami. Utilizing cultural geography’s concept of space and place, the chapter suggests a place-specific state of resistance to deportation and detention that speaks to a “Cuban Immigrant Power Structure.”
Imperialism, Settler Colonialism, and Indigeneity
Authors: Lee-Oliver Leece , Gupta Monisha Das , Fobear Katherine , Lee Edward Ou Jin
Published: May 2021

This chapter proposes the concept ‘shameless interruptions’ to explore coalitional strategies that trans* and queer migrants employ when confronted with racialized shaming. Specifically, the paper engages video recordings and activist letters from Jennicet Gutiérrez’s interruption of Barack Obama at a White House Pride reception (2015) and Trans Queer Pueblo’s interruption of the 2017 Phoenix Pride Parade. By examining affect as a marker of (non)belonging, the author argues that dominant LGBT communities use racialized shaming to register brown bodies as excessive. Most importantly, the author explores the coalitional possibilities of shameless behavior in a political context where survival is central to queer migration politics.
New Negroes, New Homes
Authors: Mitchell Koritha
Published: May 2021

This chapter traces the impact “race motherhood” had on community definitions of success, using as references Quicksand (1928) and Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937). Race motherhood held that black women best contribute to racial uplift by supporting men. Though questioning race motherhood made black women vulnerable to harsh criticism and possible ostracism, black women authors of the 1920s and 1930s suggest that this ideology emerged to coerce them into advancing a black male-centered agenda. Larsen’s and Hurston’s protagonists prioritize achieving what they define as success and a sense of belonging. In the process, they expose the harm caused by race motherhood, an ideology that many in the community embraced despite its tendency to disregard black women’s right to pleasure, not simply survival and service. [123 of 125 words]
Introduction
Authors: Hudson Lynn M.
Published: May 2021

The introduction uses Ruby McKnight Williams’s story after her arrival in California in the 1930s to present the themes and arguments of the book. Williams’s shock at the extent of segregation in her new home aligned with the experience of other black migrants and the introduction places her history in the context of black migration to the state in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. An overview of Jim Crow’s genesis during the era of statehood and the Gold Rush is followed by a discussion of African American resistance and the ways black bodies refused to follow the dictates of segregation. Organized resistance to black codes and antiblack practices put black Californians at the center of the state’s—and sometimes the nation’s—contestations over Jim Crow. An overview of the chapters is included.
Burning Down the House
Authors: Hudson Lynn M.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the Ku Klux Klan’s influence in the state and its focus on black migrants. Organized in the 1920s, as part of the second Klan, California’s Invisible Empire sought to purge what members saw as un-American elements. By the 1940s the state’s Klan had an explicit focus on black homeowners; cross burnings and arson became commonplace, and a coalition of activists pushed local and state authority for protection that rarely materialized. The 1945 murder of the family of O’Day Short, an engineer at the Kaiser Steel mill in Fontana, marked the beginning of a terrifying wave of violence specifically aimed at families like the Shorts who had dared to cross the color line
The American Actress’s Starring Playbook, 1831–1857
Authors: Lampert Sara E.
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines the professional strategies of three American actresses of the 1830s through the 1850s: Josephine Clifton, Charlotte Cushman, and Matilda Heron, who competed with English stars in the context of intensifying respectability politics around theater. They appealed to nationalism, pursued original repertoire, and tried to align themselves with genteel white womanhood. As women with no family alliances in the industry, they faced the pitfalls of negotiating an industry largely controlled by male power brokers and in which appeals to respectability remained tenuous. The comparison between them demonstrates that the starring system made it possible for some women to pursue unconventional independent lives for the time even as they strained to appear to conform to narrow constructions of genteel white womanhood.
Teaching, Learning, Representing
Authors: Clendinning Elizabeth A
Published: May 2021

This chapter uses the concepts of musical and cultural competence to examine practical and philosophical approaches to teaching Balinese gamelan to American college students. Drawing on the approaches and philosophies used by half a dozen teachers, the chapter examines basic approaches to gamelan pedagogy, including assigning instruments and the choice and adaptation of repertoire, with consideration of what constitutes artistic and pedagogical success. Cultural representation and diversity are framed within dual pedagogical goals: to teach students about the course subject matter (the performing arts of Bali) and to encourage student self-reflection. The chapter concludes that despite the differences in the pedagogical approaches that teachers take, they consistently prioritize the goal of fostering a positive feeling within the ensemble setting.
Americans Learning Gamelan in Bali
Authors: Clendinning Elizabeth A
Published: May 2021

The chapter analyzes the development and scope of educational tourism programs in the performing arts, including collegiate study-abroad programs, in the context of the Balinese tourism industry. The programs—which include hands-on music making and dance instruction, lectures and workshops, and visits to performing arts events and tourist sites—feature elements of both educational and leisure tourism. Through an examination of several different models for such “edutourism” programs, the chapter suggests that while they capitalize on presenting an “authentic” experience of Balinese-ness for participants, they also provide distinctive opportunities for foreigners to transcend the conventional tourist role via more direct involvement in Balinese community events and by treating and compensating teachers as professionals.
Introduction
Authors: Morgan Danielle Fuentes
Published: May 2021

The introduction offers historical and twenty-first-century context for African American satire and comedy and explains that the diverse generic forms of these satirical readings disrupt our expectations of discrete boundaries between staged performance and lived experience. The contemporary pervasiveness of satire is related to its ability to shape and reshape an understanding of Black identity. Satire in the twenty-first century moves ethics away from theoretical concepts of right and wrong to consider what ethical behavior might look like in practice and how this could impact Black identity and the possibility for racial justice.
Conclusion
Authors: Beck Ann Flesor
Published: May 2021

Chapter 9 extends the story of the first-generation Greek immigrants to follow the lives of the second and third generations and the concept of Greek identity. There is some discussion of the decline of the Greek confectioneries in the 1940s and 1950s as well as other retail enterprises. The chapter also, importantly, offers suggestions for further research, because these Greek candy and soda fountain shops were not solely a central Illinois phenomenon. They existed all across America – some are still in existence. One of the most important contributions of this book is to describe the immigrants of the early twentieth century who did not settle in the large cities – New York, Chicago, Boston. These are the accounts of the one man or two brothers or husband and wife who had the courage to make it alone in a small town, generally as the only foreigners. This is a case study of central Illinois, but similar studies are possible not only of the Greeks but of all these brave immigrant pioneers who settled in rural America a century ago.
A Teller of Tales
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Bradbury’s six-year odyssey to celebrate and explore the history of Halloween opens chapter 3, culminating in the shift from a screen project to the 1972 publication of The Halloween Tree. In 1972 Bradbury also opened the “Cosmic Evolution” lecture series in San Francisco, sponsored in part by the NASA/Ames Research Center. Chapter 3 concludes with Bradbury’s entry into the world of writing conferences, first with Writer’s Community at Squaw Valley and then with the annual Santa Barbara Writers’ Conference, where he would lecture and work with writers for more than thirty years. At the urging of Shel Dorf, Bradbury’s role as a perennial featured presence at the San Diego Comic Con also began in the early 1970s.
Long After Midnight
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Chapter eight describes how Bradbury’s next story collection, Long After Midnight, signaled a final phase of story collection dynamic that would stretch over the final three decades of his career. Bradbury was producing fewer stories, but with the advice of William Nolan he was able to bring forward uncollected and even unpublished stories from far earlier in his career to fill out the collection. After surveying the mixed reviews, the chapter goes on to describe his renewed collaboration with Disney Imagineers on the EPCOT Spaceship Earth concept and his participation in the EPCOT Forums series. The chapter concludes with Bradbury’s evolving role as an inspiration and mentor to the Imagineer teams, and his personal friendships with Disney’s John Hench, Marty Sklar, Marc Davis.
Harvest Time
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 32 begins with Bradbury’s reaction to news of Federico Fellini’s death on Halloween, 1993, and explores Bradbury’s sense of Halloween as a time of “fervor and excitement,” but not a time of happiness. Bradbury’s reflections on the later Fellini films gives way to the more positive process of bringing The Halloween Tree back to its original concept as an animated film with Hanna-Barbera and the Turner Broadcasting System. The chapter concludes with Bradbury’s work on two unrealized science fiction film projects, a proposed remake of the 1950s classic Forbidden Planet and short-lived plans for a sequel to The Day the Earth Stood Still. The chapter concludes with an examination of “Beyond Giverny,” Bradbury’s speculative American Way essay on life in the cosmos.
A Promise of Eternity
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

In 1994 Bradbury placed six stories, more than he had in a number of years, but his fiction continued to miss the major market magazines. Chapter 33 documents the film projects of the mid-1990s—a Fahrenheit 451 screenplay for Mel Gibson, and a script for The Wonderful Ice Cream Suit under consideration with Disney. A collaboration with NASA artist Robert McCall, astronaut Buzz Aldrin, and special effects master Douglas Trumbull centered on an IMAX Corporation film theater project titled The City in the Stars, but Bradbury’s storyboard narrative was never produced. The chapter also describes Ray and Maggie Bradbury’s 1994 and 1995 summer sojourns in Paris with American expatriate journalists, and Bradbury’s increasing loss of hearing from mastoiditis.
An Evening on Mars
Authors: Eller Jonathan R.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 35 begins with the Red Planet success of Pathfinder and the Mars rover Sojourner, and continues with Bradbury’s hosting of NASA’s 1998 Thomas O. Paine Memorial Award ceremony under the title “Witness & Celebrate: An Evening on Mars with Ray Bradbury.” Distinguished film actors, including Nichelle Nichols, John Rhys-Davies, and Charlton Heston, read from ten Bradbury works. The chapter also discusses “The Affluence of Despair,” Bradbury’s Jeremiad against America’s obsession with self-performance and extreme media reporting, which he likened to the world he had tried to prevent in Fahrenheit 451. The chapter closes with an analysis of Bradbury’s love for F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night, and what this love reveals about his ability to fend off the worst effects of fame.
George Frederick Bristow
Authors: Preston Katherine K.
Published: May 2021

George Frederick Bristow (1825-1898), a pillar of the nineteenth-century New York musical community, was educated, lived, and worked in New York for his entire life. A skilled performer (piano, organ, violin, conducting), he was a decades-long member of the Philharmonic Societies of New York and Brooklyn, and conducted the Harmonic Society, Mendelssohn Union, numerous church choirs, and pickup choral and instrumental ensembles organized for special events. He taught music privately and in the public school system. Bristow’s professional activities were those of a highly skilled urban journeyman musician--typical of many who worked in America during the period. Bristow was a steadfast and outspoken supporter of American composers throughout his career. This started in 1854 with his participation--along with William Henry Fry and editor Richard Storrs Willis--in a months-long journalistic battle that centered on the Philharmonic Society’s lack of support for American composers, an activity that has dominated his historical reputation. But he was also a prolific composer: of five symphonies, two oratorios, an opera, many secular and sacred choral pieces, chamber music, songs, and works for piano and organ. As a quiet and self-effacing individual, Bristow was not a self-promoter. But many of his contemporaries regarded him as a skilled performer, a generous colleague, and the most important American classical composer during much of the mid-century period.
Introduction
Authors: Preston Katherine K.
Published: May 2021

George Bristow’s passionate support for American musicians in an 1854 journalistic battle with two critics (Richard Storrs Willis and John Sullivan Dwight) has unduly colored his historical reputation as an old-fashioned hothead who was hostile to German music and musicians; some have even called him a Know-Nothing. Commentary and descriptions from letters and print media, however, suggest that his contemporaries considered him to be not only a highly esteemed composer, performer, and educator, but also one of the most important classical-music composers active in America during most of the second half of the nineteenth century.
Sacred Music
Authors: Preston Katherine K.
Published: May 2021

Bristow served as a church organist and choir director for most of his professional life, in almost a dozen different churches (1840s-1890s). The type of music performed in churches on holy days is readily available; what was heard on regular Sundays is mostly unknown. A 1906 publication about music at Manhattan’s Trinity Church, however, is instructive about both types of services. Bristow programmed compositions by both European and American composers, especially on holy days; this indicates his continued support for fellow composers. He wrote numerous sacred works for organ (interludes, voluntaries, various pieces) and voice (anthems, sentences, services, hymns, songs, offertories, and oratorios).
The 1860s
Authors: Preston Katherine K.
Published: May 2021

The early 1860s were tumultuous for the country and Bristow. Exempt from military service, he organized patriotic concerts and composed overtly nationalistic works, including Keep
Step with the Music of Union and Columbus Overture (both 1861). He divorced Crane (1863) and married Louise Holder (1864), a widow with a young daughter, Nina. They moved to Morrisania (now in the Bronx) and added daughter Estelle Viola (1868). Bristow’s gigging activities diminished, but he commuted daily to Manhattan to teach and to perform with the two philharmonic societies, the Harmonic Society and the Mendelssohn Union (1867-1871), and in various churches. He wrote two oratorios: Praise to God (1861) and Daniel (1867).
Upon the Altar of Work
Authors: Wood Betsy
Published: May 2021

This book examines how debates about children and their labor shaped the way Northerners and Southerners defined fundamental concepts of American life such as work, freedom, morality, and the market from the 1850s through the 1930s. Initially, Northerners and Southerners clashed over child labor in the context of the sectional crisis over slavery. For decades after the Civil War, debates about child labor bore the traces of this sectionalist conflict. Reformers, who eventually came to see child labor as the worst evil of the nation since slavery, mobilized politically in a national movement to abolish child labor with the power of the progressive state, liberating children to develop their potential in a burgeoning consumer market society. To defeat this movement, the opponents of reform also mobilized politically, asserting an opposing vision of American freedom that drew on traditional understandings of familial authority and the moral value of free labor. Tracing the ideological origins and the politics of the battle over child labor over the course of eighty years, this book tells the story of how child labor debates bequeathed an enduring legacy of sectionalist conflict within a post-emancipation, modern capitalist society.
Performing the Filipina Mail-Order Bride
Authors: Velasco Gina K.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 3 argues that the video and performance art project Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride, by the Filipina American video and performance art ensemble the Mail Order Brides / M.O.B., reconfigures the discourse of Filipina mail-order brides as abject figures. Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride undermines the heteronormativity and masculinism of Filipina/o American cultural nationalism while also critiquing the homonationalism of LGBT cultural politics in the United States. Always a Bridesmaid, Never a Bride is situated within a broader US political context of queer neoliberalism, in which gay marriage is a sign of homonational belonging. A queer neoliberal logic commodifies the labor of transnational Filipina bodies, revealing the inherent racism of the mainstream LGBT movement’s inability to address issues of race, migration, and labor.
Conclusion
Authors: Velasco Gina K.
Published: May 2021

Beginning with a discussion of the mainstream US news coverage of the 2016 mass shooting at a Latinx party at Pulse (an LGBT nightclub in Orlando, Florida), this chapter connects Puerto Rico to the Philippines through Allan Isaac’s notion of “American tropics.” US empire is intimately tied to trans and queer necropolitics, exemplified by the 2014 murder of Jennifer Laude (a Filipina trans woman) by Joseph Scott Pemberton, a white US Marine. However, queer and trans analyses are often elided within anti-imperialist scholarship and social movements. Inversely, a critique of empire is often missing from mainstream US queer and trans politics. Ultimately, this chapter calls for an integration of anti-imperialist politics with queer and trans social movements, especially within Filipina/o American diasporic nationalisms
Introduction
Authors: Snow K. Mitchell
Published: May 2021

Modernism came to Mexico before its revolution as evinced by its embrace of early modern dancer Loïe Fuller. The revolution spawned social changes that allowed the emerging “new woman” to link revolutionary values and theatrical dance. Defining what post-revolutionary Mexican theatrical dance was to be proved problematic as ballet, folk dance, and modern dance vied for prominence. One of the constants was a desire to be both “national” and “universal.” Educator José Vasconcelos’ decision to incorporate folk dancing into the curriculum of Mexico’s public school system in the hopes of establishing a classical dance culture helped cement a national identity that would prove both locally popular and exportable. Painter Miguel Covarrubias led what would be known as the Golden Age of nationalist modern dance in the 1950s, it would be supplanted by balleticized folk dancing in the 1960s.
Mexicanism Russian Style
Authors: Snow K. Mitchell
Published: May 2021

The influence of Serge Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes saturated the artistic environment inhabited by Diego Rivera and Roberto Montenegro in Paris before World War I. In predecessors to the debates surrounding nationalism in Mexico, Diaghilev explored its intersections with folk art in the pages of his magazine Mir iskusstva. Montenegro studied with Diaghilev ally Hermen Anglada who urged his disciples to use elements from their nation’s folklore to escape the hegemony of Parisian modernism. Although Rivera disparaged the Ballet Russes’s influence on Mexican art, he painted his “Mexican trophy,” a cubist Zapatista landscape with a prominent serape, in response to an exhibit of Russian folk art that had been inspired by the success of Diaghilev’s dance company. Montenegro also cited this exhibition as one of the major influences in his decision to pursue Mexican folk art as a source of inspiration.
Dancing a Sandunga in English
Authors: Snow K. Mitchell
Published: May 2021

Carlos Chávez was determined to make a name for himself through his dance compositions, trading on the Indian conception of Mexico that permeated potential audiences beyond its borders. He parlayed the international attention his music received into a series of highly influential posts within Mexico’s cultural bureaucracy which gave him, at first, indirect influence and, eventually, full creative control over its state-sponsored theatrical dance. Failing in his efforts to see his ballets produced in his homeland or by the Ballets Russes, he traveled to the U.S., where he finally saw his third ballet, H.P., staged with designs by Diego Rivera. One Mexican critic who had traveled to the U.S for the ballet’s only performance complained about the anglicization of the work’s Mexican dance sources. Nonetheless, it demonstrated that the idea of a Mexican ballet was a viable one.
Ballets without Ballerinas?
Authors: Snow K. Mitchell
Published: May 2021

The production of socially conscious dance associated with the Lázaro Cárdenas administration suffered a decline when his successor pointed Mexico in a more conservative direction in terms of economic and cultural policy. Ballet temporarily re-emerged as the favored form. Foreign ballet companies figured prominently in the programming decisions of the government’s Palacio de Bellas Arte and the Ballet Theatre’s production of a Mexican-themed ballet, Léonide Massine’s Don Domingo de Don Blas revived Mexican aspirations for increased international exposure through ballet. On a bet, the government even extended its support to the creation of the Ballet de la Ciudad de Mexico, led by Nellie and Gloria Campobello. While initially well-received, the company soon fell into disfavor; the critics could applaud the scenery, created by the likes of the company’s spokesman José Clemente Orozco, but not the dance for which it had been designed.
Dancing beyond the Cactus Curtain
Authors: Snow K. Mitchell
Published: May 2021

As the dance artists that the Mexican government created through its schools and companies matured, they carried its dances across international borders. The tensions between nationalist esthetics and more formal approaches to creating art were increasingly visible in Mexican painting, yet its fractious dancers proved established a unified front when it came to performing outside of Mexico. The resulting encounters with the official performing arts policies of the Soviet Union and China shifted their perspectives on issues of esthetics and technique. Their government’s concurrent discovery that the folk dances its modern dancers performed overseas provided positive press changed its perspective as well. Amalia Hernández and her independent Ballet
Folklórico would garner the direct support of Mexico’s president and her success in providing potent stagings of national identity for audiences inside and outside her homeland marked the moment when Mexico’s dancers became the equals of its celebrated painters.
Skylab, the Apollo-Soyuz Test Program, and Other Development Suits
Authors: Ayrey Bill
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the space suits used aboard the Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Program flights and outlines their differences from the lunar mission suits. It includes details of advanced suits ILC worked on at the time in support of the future Space Shuttle missions NASA had on their drawing boards.
“A Long and Mighty Race of Heroic Men”
Authors: Wendt Simon
Published: May 2021

The chapter scrutinizes the efforts of the DAR in the Midwest and West to commemorate western expansion during the antebellum period. It reveals that the organization used the memory of Western pioneers and explorers to maintain strict racial boundaries of national inclusion, while simultaneously upholding traditional gender binaries within white America. Most of the DAR’s activism in the Midwest and West revolved around marking the trails that pioneer families and explorers had used to reach the region prior to the Civil War. But in stark contrast to the remembrance of the American Revolution, women were conspicuously absent from the tales the Daughters offered prior to the 1920s. Western Daughters highlighted primarily the heroic accomplishments of pioneer men, whom they regarded as masculine warriors for their violent resistance against Native Americans. Only the organization’s post-World War I Madonna of the Trail campaign focused on the memory of pioneer mothers, but as in the case of the Revolution, female pioneers’ heroic determination was interpreted as part and parcel of women’s natural instincts as wives and mothers.
Conclusion
Authors: Wendt Simon
Published: May 2021

The conclusion provides a brief discussion of the DAR’s significance vis-à-vis the historiography of American conservatism and gender. While it remains to be seen how recent developments will affect the DAR’s commemorative, educational, and patriotic activism in the years to come, its history reminds us that the Daughters played a vital role in shaping and disseminating conservative notions of nationalism that continue to reverberate in the new millennium. This chapter examines the organization’s activities in the twenty-first century; in particular, it tries to explain why so many American women, including numerous African Americans, continue to join the organization and what it means to be a Daughter of the American Revolution during the era of Donald Trump.
A Place Where Women Can Feel Valued, or Why Academic Professional Associations Matter, Especially for Women
Authors: Walker Melissa
Published: May 2021

The Southern Association for Women Historians provided a place where female historians felt validated and emboldened. By providing this space over the past five decades, the SAWH has done two important things: advance the careers of individual female historians while encouraging, developing, and legitimizing the study of women’s history. In the process, as several of the scholars here have already suggested, the SAWH helped transform the historiography of the American South by refocusing many of the lenses that scholars have trained on the past. The history of the SAWH demonstrates the crucial role that scholarly professional associations play in shaping fields of knowledge and the careers of individual scholars.
Present at the Birth of a New History
Authors: Gilmore Glenda Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

The Southern Association for Women Historians, has had two missions since its founding in 1970: to support women historians and to promote women’s history. From the beginning, it was an inclusive and non-hierarchical organization that took mentoring colleagues seriously and built structures within the institution to foster it. The SAWH welcomed men as members, along with those scholars who worked independently or outside of the academy, and supported graduate students. The SAWH’s collaborative model and conferences provided a robust forum for the exchange of ideas. At the SAWH’s founding, it was a caucus within the Southern Historical Association. In 1975, however, members decided to form a separate organization that could better foster its model of activism for women and women’s scholarship. It worked to increase women members in the SHA and to shape that organization’s rules and culture to be more accepting of women and their scholarship. In addition to this activism, the SAWH helped birth the now robust field of southern women’s history.
The Missing Pieces
Authors: Kattner Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

This chapter covers the second part of Funeral March, the Lyrical section. For this part of the ballet, we have only partial information, but it creates an outline as to how the dance might have looked. Using the dance vocabulary from other dances that George Balanchine created during this era, the process of filling in the holes in a lost dance to create a stage-worthy dance is explained. Choreographic ideas from the following Balanchine ballets are discussed: Apollo, La Nuit, Étude, Enigma, Valse Triste, and Waltz and Adagio.
School and a Changing Profession
Authors: Adkins Mary E.
Published: May 2021

After returning from the war, Smith had purpose. He enrolled in law school at the University of Florida. His earnings and the GI Bill supported him, his wife, and his new family. Smith was a leader at the law school in a class of outstanding students, serving as an assistant to a professor and cofounding the University of Florida Law Review, a scholarly journal.
A Big Platform
Authors: Adkins Mary E.
Published: May 2021

Smith appeared an unlikely American Bar Association president; he was not the corporate type and was described in the press as chunky and effervescent, with a thick southern accent. He had several goals for his presidential term, but they were swept away by the Watergate scandal. Smith responded to Richard Nixon’s Saturday Night Massacre by boldly condemning Nixon’s actions, a statement that catapulted him into the spotlight and ensured he would have many high-profile speeches. His comments made it into Nixon’s daily press briefings several times. Never one to back down, Smith, a decorated World War II veteran assisted by Bill McBride, a decorated Vietnam War veteran, closed out his presidency by advocating amnesty for draft dodgers.
“Do Good”
Authors: Adkins Mary E.
Published: May 2021

Smith’s wife, Vivian, died, and Smith quickly remarried Jacqueline Pearce Allee, dean of St. Thomas Law School, more than 25 years his junior. Smith began to see the full fruits of his work blossom. The firm opened a community services team, dedicating lawyers and staff to pro bono work. Smith testified before the senate first opposing Robert Bork’s nomination to the Supreme Court and then supporting Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s. The firm, under Bill McBride’s management, expanded nationwide and into several countries. Smith continued to work, even as his health began to decline. His proteges Talbot “Sandy” D’Alemberte, Martha Barnett, and Bill Neukom became ABA presidents. Smith died in 2003, at age 85.
Ordinary Masochisms
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer
Published: May 2021

Ordinary Masochisms argues for literary alternatives to pervasive dictatorial norms about masochism that first surface in Victorian literature, reach their pioneering pinnacle in the modernist moment, and are expressly mourned in post-modern texts. In particular, the literary works discussed all challenge the more popular term “sadomasochism” as a conglomerate form of perversion that was named and studied in the late nineteenth century. Underscoring close textual analyses with modern theories of masochism as empowering, this book argues that Charlotte Brontë Villette (1853), George Moore’s A Drama in Muslin (1886), D.H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow (1915), and Jean Rhys’s Quartet (1928) all experiment with masochistic relationships that extend far beyond reductive early readings of inherently feminine or sexually aberrant masochism. Ordinary Masochisms begins with a historical and theoretical examination of masochism’s treatment during the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries before moving to an examination of the Biblical tale of Samson and Delilah in conjunction with Leopold von Sacher-Masoch’s Venus in Furs (1870), from which masochism garners its name. An intermediary chapter treats Octave Mirbeau’s The Torture Garden (1903) as a case study transitioning between sexological and psychoanalytical discourses of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, while the conclusion about Ian McEwan’s The Comfort of Strangers (1981) addresses masochism’s seeming inability to recuperate itself from categories of deviance, despite the success of contemporary popular culture representations. The book closes with a brief consideration of masochistic reading, a subtle undercurrent of the project as a whole.
Mythologizing Masochisms
Authors: Mitchell Jennifer
Published: May 2021

This chapter is a comparative reading of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch’s Venus in Furs, from which masochism is so named, and the Old Testament tale of Samson and Delilah in order to claims Samson as the actual “father” of masochism. Putting the two texts into conversation enables readers to understand that Samson willingly and pleasurably positions himself as subjected to Delilah—a conclusion made plausible by Severin, the protagonist of Venus in Furs. Chapter 1 argues that the long literary history of masochism begins not with Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, but with the mythical man his protagonist idolizes and the long erotic legacy of betraying women as a result.
A Struggle for Heritage
Authors: Matthews Christopher N.
Published: May 2021

A Struggle for Heritage draws on extensive archaeological, archival, and oral historical research and sets a remarkable standard for projects that engage a descendant community left out of the dominant narrative. Matthews demonstrates how archaeology can be an activist voice for a vulnerable population’s civil rights as he brings attention to the continuous, gradual, and effective economic assault on people of color living in a traditional neighborhood amid gentrification. Providing examples of multiple approaches to documenting hidden histories and silenced pasts, this study is a model for public and professional efforts to include and support the preservation of historic communities of color.
Archaeological Histories of the Silas Tobias and Jacob and Hannah Hart Sites
Authors: Matthews Christopher N.
Published: May 2021

Chapter 4 provides an overview of the historical and archaeological data collected for this study. The history and of the occupants of the Silas Tobias and Jacob and Hannah Hart sites are outlined. Archaeological fieldwork methods and results are detailed. The chapter shows the integrity of the two sites and confirms their association with members of the Setauket’s historic community of color.
Introduction
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth , Springer James W.
Published: May 2021

In this introductory chapter, Weiss and Springer introduce the two basic themes of the book: 1) the value of the study of human remains, and 2) the barriers or limitations they see to that study within the parameters of NAGPRA (the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act).
Repatriation and the End of Scientific Freedom
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth , Springer James W.
Published: May 2021

Weiss and Springer feel repatriation laws impede scientific research by limiting skeletal collections and by removing freedom of inquiry of skeletal remains.
Lithic Tool Industries
Authors: Friberg Christina M.
Published: May 2021

This chapter addresses whether the Lower Illinois River Valley’s proximity to Cahokia enabled access to craft exchange networks vital to the political economy of Greater Cahokia. This issue requires a detailed lithic analysis of the Audrey site’s lithic assemblage, examining both the craft production and/or exchange of Mill Creek hoes, basalt celts, and microlithic chert drills for marine shell bead manufacture, and the consumption of local Burlington chert. A comparative analysis with data from the Greater Cahokia and northern hinterland areas assesses the extent of Cahokian economic control, the organization of Mississippian lithic tool industries, and regional variation in the nature of economic activities. Finally, an analysis of exotic cherts within lithic assemblages suggests interregional exchange and interaction among northern groups.
Introduction
Authors: Allen Craig
Published: May 2021

New media and modes of expression present issues that encourage understanding and reframing of modern Latino media. But in an older and little-studied medium that today is a cornerstone not merely of Latino but all mass communication—Spanish-language television such as Telemundo, Televisa, and Spanish International Network—a new need is found in a long unaddressed question: In an English-speaking country, how could a Spanish-language institution have emerged? The need for a first account of Spanish-language television is reflected in fervor among Latinos who believe its obscurity erases their history. Hidden historical source work can be and is found. A detective story that results in an inside story explains the meaning and prominence of Spanish-language television today. Significant yet unknown founding parents, historical roots tangled in two counties (Mexico and the U.S.), conflicts, and eventual landmark strides are introduced. Previewed are several themes and revelations. Because of foreign ownership restrictions, the now-giant Univision began as an outlaw firm. While U.S. mass communication is understood as a “Fortress America,” Spanish-language television internationalized U.S. media with implications scholars and experts have overlooked.
MEX, UHF, and NFL
Authors: Allen Craig
Published: May 2021

Period: 1962–1967. At infancy, SIN struggles. When Fouce Sr., suddenly dies, Azcárraga names Anselmo as SIN’s head. Frank Fouce Jr. inherits part ownership, but he opposes Anselmo’s appointment. Azcárraga, though, is firm on backing Anselmo. Fouce Jr. withdraws from SIN’s affairs. Anselmo triumphs with the launch of KMEX in Los Angeles.
At SIN’s San Antonio hub, Nicolás perfects a “bicycle network” that feeds SIN to its first stations along the Mexican border. Danny Villanueva, a charismatic star NFL player, joins KMEX, giving SIN credibility. However, lacking Spanish-language audience ratings, Anselmo fails to solicit sponsors. He cannot pay fees SIN owes Telesistema. SIN is in debt and near bankruptcy. In Mexico City, Azcárraga’s son, Emilio Azcárraga Milmo, campaigns for the termination of SIN. The Telesistema board concurs that the U.S. venture must cease. But SIN is saved when the elder Azcárraga secrets a scheme by which his personal funds pay SIN’s expenses.
Introduction
Authors: Varella Claudia , Barcia Manuel
Published: May 2021

The word coartación was applied to that existential interval between slavery and freedom, and to be effective it required more or less kindly masters who ultimately kept their word. Once this route toward freedom was codified into law, it immediately became the subject of intense debate in Atlantic history. In this book, we argue that coartación generated income for the owner, encouraged productivity, and created a submission situation fed by the expectations that had been created in the slave. To demonstrate these ineffective levels of coartación, we use a qualitative approach that relies on slaves’ claims, often of a complaining nature, and that focuses on the modifications of the tradition regarding this variant of manumission. Ultimately, we aim to demonstrate that coartación laws were not followed in practice, and that as time went by, the process of coartación increasingly turned into a battleground between the enslaved who aspired to be free and those who owned them and wanted to keep a certain degree of control over the mechanisms that guaranteed a road to freedom.
How Leprosy Affects the Human Body
Authors: Roberts Charlotte A.
Published: May 2021

This chapter considers how leprosy affects the human body. The skin, nerves, and upper respiratory system are affected. The bacillus can have a long incubation period, which means that many people may harbor the infection but will not show any signs, thus preventing early diagnosis and treatment. The variety of forms that leprosy can take shows how important the immune system is to the development of different leprosy types. This has consequences for the experience of each person with leprosy. The range of different types of skin lesions also reflect what a dynamic disease leprosy is, but the effect of the bacteria on the nervous system can lead to profound damage to the extremities in particular, damage that can have considerable consequences for the person concerned physically, socially, and mentally. Acute inflammatory episodes (reactions) provide a further challenge to people with leprosy and to health care workers helping to manage their patients’ infection.
Au-delà de la forêt : la géo-dynamique de l’açaí brésilien dans la ville de Paris
Authors: Cortezzi Francisco Martins
Published: May 2021

Originaire du palmier Euterpe oleracea, l'açaí est un fruit endémique de la forêt amazonienne, dont la consommation s’est fortement développée au Brésil depuis les années 1990 et est émergente dans d'autres régions du monde. Consommé surtout sous forme de pulpe et érigé en « superfruit » par des acteurs du marketing pour son potentiel antioxydant et nutritionnel, la baie d'açaí traverse un processus dynamique englobant à la fois son circuit spatial de production et de distribution internationale ainsi que sa composition de produits dérivés. Dans le cas de Paris, des entretiens et des travaux de terrain ont été menés afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique commerciale et les principales relations spatiales établies par les produits dérivés du fruit dans la capitale française. Ces analyses nous montrent qu’il existe un « axe de l’açaí » à Paris dû à la forte concentration de points de vente sur la rive-droite de la ville. Les résultats montrent l’importance d’une consommation urbaine relevant de classes sociales aisées de la population. Paris illustre un phénomène de consommation de l’açaí dans les métropoles mondiales.