bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Magnetic Fields Cause hes1 and hsa-Circ-0068530 Expression Changes in Gastric Cancer Cell Line and Human Normal Fibroblast Cell Line
Authors: Mansoury Fereshteh , Abdi Soheila , Babaei Nahid , Entezari Maliheh , Doosti Abbas , Mashayekhi Fatemeh
Published: October 2021

Background: In recent years, the relationship between cancer cells and electromagnetic radiation has received much attention. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of different intensities of electromagnetic fields on gastric cancer cell lines (AGS). Methods: After preparing AGS and Hu02 (normal) cell lines, they were exposed to magnetic flux densities of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 millitesla (mT) for 18 h. The cell viability was studied by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression levels of hes1 and hsa-circ-0068530 RNAs were studied by the quantitative Real-time-PCR technique. Results: The inhibition of gastric cancer cell line growth was observed under the influence of electromagnetic fields at different intensities. However, they did not affect the viability of normal cells. A sharp increase in the expression of hes1 and hsa-circ-0068530 genes was observed in normal cells exposed to 2 mT electromagnetic fields. Conclusions: In general, it can be concluded that the effect of electromagnetic fields on gastric cancer cells depends on their intensity. Magnetic flux densities of 0.25 and 0.5 mT had anti-cancer effects and magnetic flux density of 2 mT showed carcinogenic effects.
Contribution to the study of the Russian Formalism
Authors: Milikić Magda
Published: October 2021

The Russian Formal School was active between 1915 and 1930 and represents one of the most influential directions in literary theory. Our intention was to present the main points of action of this school and to revalue some of its postulates as well. Views of members of the Russian Formalism that we analyzed were illustrated by examples from the story "Plod črevo tvojego" by Vidosav Stevanović. Our analysis has shown that the Russian Formalism is much more modern as a literary school than is most commonly thought.
Voltaire and Derrida: On the road to postmodernism
Authors: Slović Srđan
Published: October 2021

Voltaire and Derrida made a great step towards post-modernism. Although they belong to different orientations, they contributed to the development of post-modernism a lot. Both of them carried out a tremendous criticism of the previous orientations, but they could not ignore some similarities. Voltaire carried out the criticism of pre-modernism by making the criticism of church, metaphysics and mystics. He attributed great role to the God in the sense of world creation, and he considered the c church as the institution which contradicted to common sense. He also gave some importance to supplements in his text writing. The appearance of Derrida in the middle of 1960s and especially of his work of Grammatology, made a turning point in the development of social thinking in Europe. As the reaction to many modern explanations, his theory meant a new structure and dynamics of social thinking. His criticism was founded on the new role of texts in the triangle of writer, text and reader. All was founded on deconstruction where key term is difference. Different reading of text is important so as to see through the meaning of it.
Classification of Slamming Events in Irregular Waves Measured through Tow Tank Experiments
Authors: Shepheard Mark , Judge Carolyn Q. , Gilbert Christine M.
Published: October 2021

Slamming events are the source of critical design loads for small, high-speed craft. Categorization of slamming events can prove useful by identifying cases of interest for more in-depth analysis, such as high-fidelity modeling and experiments. Inspired by developments in facial recognition techniques, a quantitative method is proposed to sort slamming events using various experimental measurements. A singular value decomposition method on a matrix assembled of vectors of time-histories of rigid body motions recorded in free-to-heave-and-pitch tow tank experiments on a planing hull. While some of the categories identified in this work show distinct features in slamming accelerations consistent with previously identified categories, other categories have also been identified. These results can be used when evaluating ride quality, and design loads, and performing more in-depth studies on specific slamming categories.
Noise Measurements and Mitigation for a Foil Assisted Catamaran
Authors: Karri Krishna M. , Koyyapu Naresh K.
Published: October 2021

Noise control recommendations and mitigation approaches for a foil-assisted catamaran become very sensitive when it comes to weight tradeoff. While weight control on a fast marine craft is critical, it reaches the uppermost limit when it comes to a foil-assisted catamaran. A foil-assisted catamaran is very sensitive to weight growth as well as the Longitudinal Center of Gravity (LCG) of the vessel in terms of reaching foil-assisted planing speeds. An increase in weight leads to a slow pre-planing speed which does not generate sufficient foil lift to transition the vessel into full planing speed. Whereas incorrect LCG of the vessel leads to wrong foil attack angle and thus leading to insufficient foil lift. This paper covers design philosophy, risk management, onboard measurements, weight management, mitigation approaches, and recommendations associated with the design of a 61 ft foil-assisted catamaran designed to reach 38+ knots and meet specific noise criteria limits at the maximum cruising speed as well as other operational conditions. An initial solution was applied, and the noise reduced at intermediate design speeds, however, at design cruising speeds the noise levels still exceeded the limits. Further computational analyses and mitigation methods such as insulation, mass-loaded vinyl, joiner barriers, viscoelastic coatings, trim adjustment, and floating floors were implemented on a trial-and-error basis to minimize the overall weight added to the vessel while achieving vessel design speed.
Marine Applications of Plastic Piping – Requirements and Market Review
Authors: Hein Kevin
Published: October 2021

Plastic piping has become more common onboard marine vessels, but plastics have additional requirements over metallic piping materials. While plastics offer superior corrosion resistance and weight savings over metals these benefits must be weighed against the effect of fire on plastic piping. These requirements vary based on system, location, and regulatory ruleset which can cause confusion when discussing the application. This paper attempts to clearly summarize the requirements as well as highlight some of the benefits and weaknesses of various plastic piping materials.
Shared-Energy Prediction Model for Ship-Ice Interactions
Authors: Price Amy , Quinton Bruce W. T. , Veitch Brian
Published: October 2021

Low- and non-ice-class ship-ice interactions are modelled with a shared-energy approach, which typically models the internal mechanics with nonlinear finite element methods. For applications like the preliminary design phase and quick operational assessments of the ship’s structural capabilities, a finite element shared-energy approach can be time consuming and information intensive, therefore, an analytical share-energy algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm applies the upper bound energy methodology by equating the external collision energy, determined with the Popov collision model (Popov, et al., 1967), to the sum of the internal ice and structural response energies. The distribution of the internal energy, between the ice and the structure, is determined by iterating through possible shared contact forces until the sum of the internal response energies equals the external energy introduced into the system. The ice-crushing energy is modelled with Daley’s (1999) energy based ice collision force models, and the internal structural strain energy is modelled through a combination of classical beam theory and design of experiments methodology. The proposed model is benchmarked against a finite element ice wedge-ship grillage structure interaction.
An Advanced Salvage Method for Damaged Ship Structures
Authors: La Ferlita Alessandro , Rathje Helge , Lindemann Thomas , Kaeding Patrick , Bronsart Robert
Published: October 2021

An advanced salvage method is proposed for damaged ships to ensure a short-term decision-making process for a safe ocean towage to the repair yard. The residual longitudinal strength must be greater than the sum of the still water and the maximum vertical wave bending moment. The ultimate bending moment is determined numerically for a container vessel by using an incremental iterative approach (Smith method) and wave-induced loads are predicted by means of hydrodynamic analyses. Successful applicability of the advanced salvage method is demonstrated for a damaged container vessel, which was towed from La Libertad, Ecuador, via Panama to the repair yard in Zhoushan, China, in restricted environmental conditions.
Effects of Asymmetrical Mass Distribution on Maneuver of Planing Vessels
Authors: Sung Li Ping , Fabien Brian
Published: October 2021

For prismatic planing vessels, attitude parameters of deadrise, heel, and trim angle affect hydrodynamic maneuver forces on the hull as shown in experimental data. These effects can be exploited to achieve maneuvering objectives. Demonstrated through numerical model-based simulations, asymmetrical mass distribution on low deadrise hulls affects heel and induces yaw moments that turn the vessel without the use of traditional aft steering mechanisms. On high deadrise hulls, maneuvering by use of a combined rudder and asymmetrical mass results in ~10% drag savings and improved stability in comparison with rudder alone.
AMUET Digital 4.0 IOT Platform for Naval Electrical Installations
Authors: Lussier Alain
Published: October 2021

Modern ships are designed around complex and sophisticated electronic systems, highly dependent on electrical power, all interconnected with a large array of electrical wiring that were designed with CAD systems. Until now, the manufacturing, installation and testing had been performed with conventional tools and handheld meters, requiring thousands of manhours and multiple reworks. The author presents a new generation handheld-size wireless automated test equipment that are now integrating Industry 4.0 processes to support the design, manufacturing, installation, testing and sustainment of the complex electrical sub-systems associated with ships functional and mission systems.
MSV(L): Continuing the Legacy of Army Waterborne Capability
Authors: Toepler David Richard , Leightner Nathan
Published: October 2021

The United States Army operates several classes of landing craft, which provide combatant commanders with waterborne maneuver capabilities essential for accomplishing a range of critical missions unique to the Army. These missions involve transport of personnel, cargo, and equipment from advanced bases and large sealift ships to ports, inland riverine regions, as well as remote undeveloped coastlines and beaches. Recognizing the significant roles these vessels play and will continue to play in achieving Army objectives, Army leadership allocated funding to design and build a new class of high performance landing craft: Maneuver Support Vessel (Light) (MSV(L)). The primary mission of MSV(L) is to conduct movement and maneuver of combat-configured Brigade Combat Team force elements such as one M1A2 main battle tank, or two Stryker vehicles, or four Joint Light Tactical Vehicles, each with its crew. MSV(L) will have beaching capability and be able to operate at speeds significantly in excess of any current Army landing craft. The Army Watercraft Systems organization was tasked with overseeing development of requirements and specifications, source selection and acquisition, along with contract, finance, and engineering management of the MSV(L) Program. A contract to develop the detailed design and build a series of vessels was awarded in September 2017. Launch of the initial vessel is planned during the fourth quarter of 2021.
Probable Causes of Losses of Containers from Container Ships
Authors: Wasalaski Robert George
Published: October 2021

In May of 2020 a container ship sailing along the eastern coast of Australia encountered a storm and lost a number of containers. The loss of containers was not unusual, about 1400 containers are lost each year on average. What was unusual was the large number of containers on this one ship. Coincidentally, MARIN releasted a report in September 2020 investigating similar losses of large number of containers from container ships going to northern Europe. Then, between October 2020 and February 2021, seven ships on a northern Pacific route from China to the USA loss between 3,000 and 4,000 containers and had a large number of container stacks roll over. This paper is a independent generic assessment of a marine forensic investigation taking a systems engineering approach to look at the broad spectrum of possible causes of container stacks rolling over and lossing containers. The paper discusses weather effects on the stability and motions of the container ships and the securing of the cargo containers. The paper goes into detail about the underlying issue of the container stacks and their heights such that at decreasingly smaller angles of heel or rll, the line of action of the weight of the higher containers passes outside the base of the stack thereby causing a overturning moment on the corners of the containers.
Bottom-up populism: How relative deprivation and populist attitudes mobilize leaderless anti-government protest
Authors: Lüders Adrian , Urbanska Karolina , Wollast Robin , Nugier Armelle , Guimond Serge
Published: October 2021

The present research focuses on populism as a bottom-up phenomenon that emerges from shared perceptions of relative deprivation. We predict that by serving as a shared ideological basis, populist attitudes can mobilize leaderless anti-government protest across ideological boundaries. We test this prediction in the context of the French Yellow Vests movement. Using a sample of French citizens (N = 562), we compare the effects of different indicators of relative deprivation on Yellow Vest protest participation and the extent to which populist attitudes account for these relationships. Results indicate that protests were fuelled by indicators of relative deprivation at the individual and group levels. Populist attitudes were best predicted by vertical comparisons between “the people” and “the elite” and fully accounted for the relationship between this type of group relative deprivation and protesting. Conversely, populist attitudes only partially accounted for the relationships between protesting and traditional measures of relative deprivation that either contrast natives with immigrants or individuals with fellow citizens. The findings strengthen the understanding of populism as a “thin centred” belief set that can unite and mobilize those who feel unfairly disadvantaged compared to a socio-political elite.
Inbreeding effects in Drosophila congenic strains: the influence of genetic background of different origin
Authors: Gorenskaya O. V. , Navrotskaya V. V. , Volkova N. Ye. , Filiponenko N. S.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To compare reproductive indices and stress resistance of Drosophila at outbreeding and inbreeding. Methods. Drosophila melanogaster congenic strains with incomplete development of the radial wing vein – radius incompletus – were used: the laboratory one and the strain, in which the mutation was placed into the genetic background of wild type strain, which originates from the natural population from radiation contaminated territory. Before the experiment strains have passed 65 generations of inbreeding. Viability (number of individuals, pupa stage mortality), dominant lethal mutations frequency and life span of imago at starvation were analysed. Results. After inbreeding, there was a decrease in the frequency of dominant lethal mutations and an increase in viability of the strain, which originates from the natural population, and a decrease of mortality at the pupal stage in both strains. Decreased life span of imago at starvation has been shown only for the inbred strain, which originates from the natural population. Conclusions. Inbreeding for 65 generations has no significant negative effect on reproductive indices; reduction of stress resistance during inbreeding has been shown only for the strain, which originates from the radiation contaminated territory.

Keywords: Drosophila, viability, dominant lethal mutations, life span of imago at starvation, inbreeding.
Genetic polymorphism of white mistletoe (Viscum album L.) in Ukraine
Authors: Bilonozhko Yu. O. , Rabokon A. M. , Postovoitova A. S. , Kalafat L. O. , Boiko N. S. , Pryvalikhin S. M. , Topchii t. V. , Demkovych A. Ye. , Blume Ya. B. , Pirko Ya. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to establish genetic differences between V. album growing in different parts of Ukraine. Methods. White mistletoe samples collected in different regions of Ukraine were used in the study. The method of estimating the intron length polymorphism of β-tubulin genes was used. Amplified DNA fragments were fractionated by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized by silver nitrate staining. Results. The genotypes of 91 white mistletoe plants were analyzed. DNA profiles of white mistletoe with a specific amplicons of β-tubulin gene introns were obtained, which allowed to differentiate the samples from each other. Fingerprinting data were used for cluster analysis and dendrogram construction. Conclusions. It was found that the analyzed mistletoe samples did not differ by geographical factor and were characterized by a low level of genetic diversity in the studied samples.

Keywords: Viscum album L., intron length polymorphism, β-tubulin, genetic variability, Ukraine.
Species-specific mobile genetic elements in the gene of repair enzyme MGMT in new world monkeys
Authors: Pidpala O. V. , Lukash L. L.
Published: October 2021

Aim.To analyze the distribution of species-specific mobile genetic elements (MGE) in orthologs of the MGMT gene in Platyrrhina. Methods. The homology between nucleotide sequences was determined by BLAST 2.6.1. The results of the search and identification of MGE were performed  using  the  CENSOR program. Results. On the example of orthologs of the MGMT gene in New World monkeys, it has been shown that different species-specific MGE identified in their intron sequences may have different evolutionary chronologies. In the case of the element Alu2_TS, which originated in the Tarsiiformes representative, it was found that in evolutionarily close primates it undergoes deletion degradation, while fragments of the human-specific L1Hs element are found in the genomes of evolutionarily distant primates long before the formation and emergence of this retroelement. Conclusions. The chronology of  evolutionary changes in the gene MGMT and its species-specific MGE can be of different nature and occur in parallele and independently.

Keywords: Platyrrhina, MGMT gene, MGE, Alu2_TS, L1Hs.
Problem issues of methodology of synecological diagnostics of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystems
Authors: Blinkova O. I.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to identify and systematize methodological problems in the diagnosis of anthropogenic transformation of forest ecosystem. Methods. Theoretical methods of system-structural, retrospective analysis, interdisciplinary, ecosystem approaches, special methods of forestry, synecology, ornithology and mycology. Results. Changes in functional indicators and parameters of communities were recorded depending on the genesis of the anthropogenic factor, pattern, intensity and time-scale of its impact and reproducibility of ecosystems. These changes were established in the presence of close correlation between the most sensitive structural and functional components (grass layer, leaf-litter, surface of soil, stand) and preserving the integrity of consorted links.  Conclusions. A conceptual model for diagnostic human transformation of forest ecosystems for various functional according to the state and development of consorted links of producers, consumers, reducers (for example, plants, fungi, birds) through qualitative and quantitative parameters of relevant diversity structures and principles of its application was proposed.

Keywords: ecosystem, communities, anthropogenic factor, transformation, biodiversity, consorted links.
To the 120th anniversary of the birth of academician M.M. Gryshko – an outstanding scientist-genetician, builder of the National botanical garden of the NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Klymenko S. V. , Chuvikina N.V.
Published: October 2021

The article covers the life and scientific achievements of an outstanding scientist – geneticist, breeder, botanist, academician, director of the Institute of Botany in 1939–1944, director of the Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1944–1958 Mykola Mykolayovych Gryshko (6.01.1901–3.01.1964). Currently, the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a leading scientific institution, which includes eight scientific departments and two laboratories with more than 170 researchers. The Botanical Garden on an area of 129.8 hectares has a collection of plants numbering more than 16 thousand taxa. Botanical Garden scientists have developed theoretical and applied principles of introduction, acclimatization, selection, conservation and enrichment of biodiversity. The selection work initiated by M.M. Gryshko successfully continues. About 400 plant cultivars created in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine.

Keywords: anniversary, M. M. Gryshko, academician, geneticist, breeder, director, Botanical Garden.
New generation synthetic variety of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Buhaiov V. D. , Horenskyy V.M. , Mamalyga V.S. , Smulskaya I.V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Evaluation of the source material on a set of economically valuable features and the creation with its participation of a synthetic variety of alfalfa. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. The results of research and creation of a synthetic variety of sown alfalfa Rodena at the Institute of Forage and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS are presented. Entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine (hereinafter - the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine). When evaluating the forage and seed productivity in the experimental fields of the institute, the advantage of the Roden variety to the Sinyukha standard variety was established. Extensive testing of the variety's suitability for propagation (PSP) in 9 research points by the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination confirmed higher indicators of fodder and seed productivity of this variety in comparison with the conditional standard. Conclusions. The use of clonal genotypes, which, along with a set of economically valuable traits are distinguished by high overall combining ability, allows you to effectively create high-yielding varieties of synthetic alfalfa. Created in this way, the synthetic variety of alfalfa Rodena is recommended for use in pure and mixed crops with other perennial grasses for the production of high quality feed in the soil-climatic zone of the Steppe of Ukraine.

Keywords: selection, alfalfa sowing, clone, synthetic variety, winter hardiness, dry matter, seeds.
Growth and productivity of wheat plants under drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis
Authors: Zhuk O. I. , Stasik O.O.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The goal of this work was to study the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis on the growth and productivity of breed winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.). Methods. Wheat plants of cultivars Darunok Podillya and Podolyanka were grown under optimal nutrition and well-water conditions until the earing-flowering phase, after that the experimental plants were transferred to drought regime for 8 days, after that the optimal water supply was restored to the end of vegetation. During the experiment, the leaf surface area, the mass of internodes and ear were determined. Ripened plants were analyzed according to the structure of the yield. Results. It was established that the effect of drought in the critical phase of ontogenesis the earing-flowering caused to the decreasing in leaf surface area, mass of internodes, ear, mass and number of grains in the ear and plant, weight of 1000 grains. Conclusions. Water deficit in the soil in the critical phase of earing-flowering led to a decrease in the productive of breed winter wheat plants due to the inhibition of growth of ear, decreasing grain number and the mass of ear and grains.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., internode, ear, productivity, drought.
Identification of winter common wheat samples of Kharkiv breeding by protein markers
Authors: Usova Z. , Leonov O.Y. , Kozub N.O. , Sozinov I.O.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Identification of new winter wheat breeding material developed in Kharkiv by electrophoretic patterns of storage proteins to select the most promising lines. Methods. Protein fractionation was performed by APAG- and SDS-electrophoresis. Results. The genotypes of winter wheat samples of the competitive variety trial at seven storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Gli-A3, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 were studied. We identified eight alleles at the Gli-A1 locus, seven at Gli-B1, five at Gli-D1, four at Gli-A3, five at Glu-B1, three at Glu-A1, and two at Glu-D1. Most of the identified alleles are typical for Ukrainian winter wheat varieties. Along with them, theree were lines with introgressed alleles marking for the wheat-rye translocations 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS. The biotype of the line Erythrospermum 484-19 carries an introgressed allele from Ae. tauschii at the Gli-D1 locus. Conclusions. According to field and laboratory trials of samples, there were neither significant advantages nor disadvantages of lines with wheat-rye translocations compared to lines without translocations (typical for the East Forest-Steppe zone). The promising line of the use of the 1AL/RS or 1BL/RS translocations (carrying disease resistance genes) is their coupling with the allele Glu-B1al associated with high grain quality.

Keywords: winter wheat, storage proteins, alleles, translocations.
Phylogenetic changes in resistance indicators of domestic and wild pigs
Authors: Khokhlov A. M. , Fedyaeva A. S. , Danilova T. N. , Goncharova I. I. , Tserenyuk A. N.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The decisive factor in the transformation of the pig was domestication, that is, changes as a result of domestication and breeding in an artificial environment. The phylogenesis of pigs was carried out – wild boar (Sus scrofa ferus) – domestication – primitive domestic pig – aboriginal, well adapted to local conditions. This is a fairly productive pig – a large-sized greasy-type breed – a specialized modern light-type breed (Sus scrofa domestica). Modern research shows that in the process of domestication and evolution of animals, in particular the wild boar and the pig, the role of mutations is quite small, because it is very rare in the genome of the species (only 10 - 6)[6]. Breed differences arise because new environmental conditions cause changes not only in the genome, but also changes in the chromosomal set of nuclei, and in them regulatory, rather than structural genes. Therefore, despite the different number of chromosomes in the wild boar (36) and in the domestic pig (38), they easily interbreed and give fertile hybrid offspring, phenotypically more like a pig, with a clear dominance of boar heredity. However, in hybrids, these transformations lead to a sharp decrease in adaptive capacity in comparison with the wild boar. The aim of our research was a comparative study of the European wild boar and large white pigs. The task is to establish phylogenetic changes in some organs and defense systems in pigs during domestication. Methods. In the research were used zootechnical, morphological, genetic and biochemical research methods. Results. A comparative research of domestic and wild pigs showed that wild species have a more active protective function of the body, primarily due to the cellular mechanism (lymphoid system, plasma reaction in combination with humoral factors). Based on our research, wild boar can be a donor of valuable adaptive properties for increasing the resistance and vitality of modern pig breeds. Conclusions. The study of the phylogeny of the immune system shows that the spleen and thymus are already present in lower vertebrates. In the ontogeny of the immune system in a pig, as in phylogeny, the spleen and thymus are first laid, and then the development of secondary lymphoid organs begins, which is associated with the development of the cellular defense mechanism of animals.Keywords: phylogenesis, domestication, breed, genome, species, resistance.
Gradient of anthropogenic load on park ecosystems of megalopolis
Authors: Miroshnyk N. , Tertychna O.V. , Teslenko I.K.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The aim is to assess the intensity of the impact of recreation and vehicle emissions on the Kyiv park ecosystems. Methods. Used methods of ecology, phytoindications. Results. We analyzed the recreational load on 18 park ecosystems within the city of Kyiv. GIS modeling was performed and a gradient of the state ecosystems of Kyiv was built according to the integrated indicator of recreational impact and vehicle emissions. The created map-scheme according to the integrated indicator of the severity of the impact (W) reflects the ecological situation in the studied Kyiv park ecosystems and indicates their significant transformation in the conditions of the megalopolis. The tendency to decrease the number and intensity of manifestations of recreational exposure with increasing severity of exposure (W) is calculated. According to GIS modeling by W and taking into account the prevailing wind directions in the city of Kyiv, it was found that 50% of the studied parks are in critical danger, 30% – in a threatening condition, only the «Pushcha-Vodytsya» park is in a stable condition. The best condition of park ecosystems DShK park, «Peremoha» park; «Babyn Yar», «Nyvky» park, «Lysa Hora» tract, Holosiivskyi National Park. Conclusions. It is important to constantly monitor and preserve natural ecosystems and green infrastructure in large cities. This requires the timely adoption of balanced and correct management decisions both at the level of local authorities and within the state.Keywords: recreation, motor vehicle pollution, urban ecosystem, integrated assessment.
Les « techniques savantes » et le savoir-faire du vitrail dans la région de Québec
Authors: Dupont † Marie
Published: October 2021

Cette étude porte sur les techniques et le savoir-faire de la méthode traditionnelle de plomb du maître-verrier Olivier Ferland (1928-2017). Elle se penche sur l’expérience vécue et les techniques telles que décrites par Ferland lui-même dans ses écrits, ou par des auteurs qui relatent ses propos dans des entrevues culturelles et livrets ecclésiastiques, dans le cadre d’une recension des écrits. L’objectif de ce travail est de développer une perspective d’ensemble et des connaissances générales sur les pratiques, techniques et savoir-faire des vitraux. Il explorera les aspects du savoir-faire et les techniques du vitrail d’autrefois qui ont été transmis jusqu’à ce jour, et montrera qu’il y a à la fois une continuité et des variantes dans ce savoir-faire dans la région de Québec.
Les instituteurs et institutrices laïcs en Guadeloupe : identité professionnelle et interactions sociales (1880-1914)
Authors: Palmiste Clara
Published: October 2021

A travers une approche combinée du genre et des réseaux, l’étude se focalise sur la première génération d’instituteurs et institutrices laïcs de Guadeloupe, formant le groupe professionnel le plus important (numériquement) au sein de l’administration coloniale du début du XXe siècle. Elle explore la construction de son identité professionnelle, la sociabilité entretenue par ses membres et les relations interpersonnelles avec des acteurs ou collectifs extérieurs au groupe. Elle met en évidence une période charnière de l’histoire de la Guadeloupe, au moment de la laïcisation des écoles et d’une plus grande participation des Noirs dans la politique, les instances syndicales et associatives. Elle interroge les opportunités qu’offre l’école républicaine en matière d’ascension sociale et les modalités de réorganisation sociale en contexte colonial.
Les géreurs du domaine sucrier du Galion (Martinique) durant l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Sainton Jean-Pierre , Pierre-Louis Jessica
Published: October 2021

Des premières décennies après l’abolition de l’esclavage aux années 1960 qui voient la fin de la société d’habitation tardive, la figure du géreur d’habitation a dominé l’univers social antillais du monde sucrier. La contribution revient sur les contours de ce groupe social, observé au cours de la période de l’entre-deux-guerres, période charnière de la fabrication sociale antillaise, à partir d’une étude rigoureuse des fonds d’archives du domaine du Galion, en croisant l’exégèse classique des sources et l’approche qualitative par les réseaux. Cette étude constitue un point d’étape dans l’écriture d’une histoire sociale antillaise. Les deux articles qui ont conjugué les recherches de Jean-Pierre Sainton et de Jessica Pierre-Louis, livrent les premiers résultats de l’analyse : Qui étaient les géreurs de ce grand domaine sucrier qui dominait alors tout le corps social trinitéen ? De quel milieu social provenaient-ils ? Quelle était la nature de leurs rapports au sein du groupe ? Comment se positionnaient-ils entre leurs employeurs usiniers et les travailleurs des habitations ? Que nous apporte ce type de croisement méthodologique dans l’élaboration d’une sociologie historique antillaise ?
The image of the Sakhalin penal servitude of the late XIX – early XX centuries in perception of the foreigners
Authors: Levandovskii Andrei Nikitich
Published: October 2021

The goal of this article is to examine the images of the Sakhalin penal servitude captured in the works of foreigners who visited the island in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The perception of foreigners draw interests due to the fact that not only the Sakhalin penal servitude, but the island itself were the embodiment of the image of “Other”, which found reflection in the narrative sources left by foreign travelers and scholars. The comparative analysis indicates that foreigners had two polar opinions about the Sakhalin penitentiary facilities, a well as the future of the island: optimistic and pessimistic. In many aspects, they neither contradicted nor complemented each other; the polemic that unfolded around the development of Sakhalin Island of that time divided the Russian society into two opposing sides. Some, relying to the positive forecasts of geologists and agronomists, as well as military necessity, offered bright prospects of the Island. Others pointed at mismatch of the official data and the reality, and doubted the positive outcome. The question of detaining criminals on Sakhalin, including state prisoners, aggravated the situation and intensified disputes. The article aims to explain the reason why one or another foreign author took the side of the “optimists” or “pessimists” in the polemics.
Susceptibility rhythm to bacterial endotoxin in myeloid clock-knockout mice
Authors: Lang Veronika , Ferencik Sebastian , Ananthasubramaniam Bharath , Kramer Achim , Maier Bert
Published: October 2021

Local circadian clocks are active in most cells of our body. However, their impact on circadian physiology is still under debate. Mortality by endotoxic (LPS) shock is highly time-of-day dependent and local circadian immune function such as the cytokine burst after LPS challenge has been assumed to be causal for the large differences in survival. Here, we investigate the roles of light and myeloid clocks on mortality by endotoxic shock. Strikingly, mice in constant darkness (DD) show a threefold increased susceptibility to LPS as compared to mice in light-dark conditions. Mortality by endotoxic shock as a function of circadian time is independent of light-dark cycles as well as myeloid CLOCK or BMAL1 as demonstrated in conditional knockout mice. Unexpectedly, despite the lack of a myeloid clock these mice still show rhythmic patterns of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, MCP-1, IL-18, and IL-10 in peripheral blood as well as time-of-day and site-dependent traffic of myeloid cells. We speculate that systemic time-cues are sufficient to orchestrate innate immune response to LPS by driving immune functions such as cell trafficking and cytokine expression.
Visualizing synaptic plasticity in vivo by large-scale imaging of endogenous AMPA receptors
Authors: Graves Austin R , Roth Richard H , Tan Han L , Zhu Qianwen , Bygrave Alexei M , Lopez-Ortega Elena , Hong Ingie , Spiegel Alina C , Johnson Richard C , Vogelstein Joshua T , Tward Daniel J , Miller Michael I , Huganir Richard L
Published: October 2021

Elucidating how synaptic molecules such as AMPA receptors mediate neuronal communication and tracking their dynamic expression during behavior is crucial to understand cognition and disease, but current technological barriers preclude large-scale exploration of molecular dynamics in vivo. We have developed a suite of innovative methodologies that break through these barriers: a new knockin mouse line with fluorescently tagged endogenous AMPA receptors, two-photon imaging of hundreds of thousands of labeled synapses in behaving mice, and computer vision-based automatic synapse detection. Using these tools, we can longitudinally track how the strength of populations of synapses changes during behavior. We used this approach to generate an unprecedentedly detailed spatiotemporal map of synapses undergoing changes in strength following sensory experience. More generally, these tools can be used as an optical probe capable of measuring functional synapse strength across entire brain areas during any behavioral paradigm, describing complex system-wide changes with molecular precision.
What leads to parallel evolution?
Authors: Chakraborty Debapriyo
Published: October 2021

The repeated emergence of similar variants of influenza virus is linked to interactions between the virus’s RNA segments.
Preparing for implantation
Authors: Kim J Julie
Published: October 2021

A new laboratory model helps to understand the role of senescent cells in fostering a uterine environment that can support an embryo.
Making Open Access Book Funding Work Fairly
Authors: Eve Martin , Grady Tom
Published: October 2021

In late 2020, COPIM, an Arcadia and Research England funded project, announced an innovative revenue model to sustainably fund open access (OA) monographs: Opening the Future. This initiative harnesses the power of collective library funding: increasing collections through special access to highly-regarded backlists, and expanding the global shared OA collection while providing a less risky path for smaller publishers to make frontlist monographs OA. We introduced this model at the 15th Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing 2020 but this is no ‘story so far’ conference presentation proposal. Since Opening the Future launched, we’ve seen several other collective library funding models emerge in quick succession, including MIT’s Direct 2 Open, Michigan’s Fund to Mission, and Cambridge University Press’ Flip it Open. In the same year, the UK Research and Innovation’s (UKRI) new policy was announced, and it included OA requirements for monographs. The landscape is clearly changing rapidly - in this presentation we will appraise our model in the context of this changing environment.

The programme has had success since its launch. Within a few months the first publisher to adopt the model, CEU Press, had accrued enough library support to fund their first three OA monographs. Soon thereafter the initiative was recognised by the publishing community and nominated for an ALPSP Award for Innovation in Publishing. And the programme is growing; a second well-respected publisher, Liverpool University Press, launched with Opening the Future in June 2021. The COPIM project has now begun to turn its focus to the thorny problem of scaling up. But herein lies a tension.

OA monograph publishing needs to be sustainable not just for publishers, but also for libraries. Opening the Future was designed to be low-cost and simple, slotting into acquisitions budgets and existing library purchasing workflows. However, as we bring the programme to more university presses and libraries, how do we ensure we are not just adding another circle to the OA labyrinth that libraries are attempting to navigate? How might Opening the Future scale without increasing the administrative and decision-making burden already on collections and scholarly communications teams, who are already picking through a tangle of transformative agreements, pay-to-publish deals, author affiliations, and legacy subscriptions? 

In this session, we will engage the audience through these questions, as well as discuss the role of the programme in the wider policy landscape and how it is positioned alongside other emerging OA collective funding initiatives.
B!SON – a tool to make OA journal selection easier
Authors: Eppelin Anita , Entrup Elias , Hartwig Josephine , Hoppe Anett
Published: October 2021

Researchers’ task of finding a suitable open access journal for their work is becoming more and more complex: they have to comply with funder's conditions; their institutions hold various agreements with publishers; the number of journals is constantly growing (DOAJ 2018: 11.250 journals, 2021: >16.000 journals); so-called Predatory Publishers cause uncertainty. In order to reduce this complexity, TIB and SLUB Dresden, two major German research libraries, are developing B!SON, a web-based recommender for finding suitable Open Access journals. The tool calculates the similarity between a user's manuscript (title, abstract, references) and already published articles. Based on this similarity measure, B!SON will suggest Open Access journals in which similar articles have appeared. Researchers can use this information as guidance for their decision in which Open Access journal to publish. In addition, librarians can use B!SON for their publication support services and an API will allow the integration into existing library services. The results can be adapted to local conditions (e.g. price caps for institutional funding, Open Access agreements).
The tool will use machine-learning techniques combined with a technical implementation of bibliometric algorithms proven in library practice. For this purpose, we will rely on the DOAJ article-level metadata corpus and the OpenCitations Index. We will analyze which article components give most reliable results in textual similarity analysis. Due to the ever-changing corpus of underlying data, the training process will be repeated regularly in the final tool. The information about journals (keywords, license, fees, etc.) will be provided by the DOAJ as well.
We have built a community of researchers and librarians that we regularly consult in terms of specifications for the tool as well as – later in the project – acceptance and quality of its results. We plan to provide a beta version of B!SON in spring 2022. The project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
We present our schedule, facts and figures of the B!SON project and focus particularly on technical concepts of the project.
Publishing accessible content on OJS and beyond
Authors: Maistrovskaya Mariya
Published: October 2021

Open Journal Systems (OJS) was released in 2001 and has since become the most widely used open-source journal publishing platform in existence, with over 25,000 journals using it worldwide. Over the past few years, the Public Knowledge Project (PKP), its creator, has been working on improving accessibility of the platform, including the release of the first accessible Default theme in OJS 3.3. This presentation will go over the accessibility improvements made to day and those planned ahead.

Making the platform accessible is only half the battle however as it is often the published content that presents barriers to readers. Creating resources for editors and authors to improve content accessibility – in OJS and beyond – is one of the goals of the PKP Accessibility Interest Group (AIG), a community initiative established in 2020. We will highlight the work of the group and the resources it makes available to the public. This overview is presented on behalf of the PKP AIG.
Migration effects on the intestinal microbiota of Tibetans
Authors: Liang Tian , Liu Fang , Ma Lifeng , Zhang Zhiying , Liu Lijun , Huang Tingting , Li Jing , Dong Wenxue , Zhang Han , Li Yansong , Jiang Yaqiong , Ye Weimin , Bai Su , Kang Longli
Published: October 2021

Background

Diet, environment, and genomic context have a significant impact on humans’ intestinal microbiota. Moreover, migration may be accompanied by changes in human eating habits and living environment, which could, in turn, affect the intestinal microbiota. Located in southwestern China, Tibet has an average altitude of 4,000 meters and is known as the world’s roof. Xianyang is situated in the plains of central China, with an average altitude of about 400 meters.

Methods

To understand the association between intestinal microbiota and population migration, we collected the fecal samples from 30 Tibetan women on the first day (as TI1st), six months (as TI2nd), and ten months (as TI3rd) following migration from Tibet to Xianyang. Fecal samples were collected from 29 individuals (belonging to the Han women) as a control. The dietary information of the Tibetan women and the Han women was gathered. We performed a 16S rRNA gene survey of the collected fecal samples using Illumina MiSeq sequencing.

Results

Following the migration, the alpha and beta diversity of Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota appeared unaffected. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that Klebsiella, Blautia, and Veillonella are potential biomarkers at TI1st, while Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were common in TI3rd. Finally, functional prediction by phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) found no significant up-regulation or down-regulation gene pathway in the intestinal microbiota of Tibetan women after migration. The present study reveals that the higher stability in Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota was less affected by the environment and diet, indicating that Tibetan women’s intestinal microbiota is relatively stable. The main limitations of the study were the small sample size and all volunteers were women.
Differential response of distinct copepod life history types to spring environmental forcing in Rivers Inlet, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tommasi Desiree , Hunt Brian P.V. , Pakhomov Evgeny A.
Published: October 2021

The temporal dynamics of five copepod species common to coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest were examined in relation to variability in spring temperature and phytoplankton dynamics in 2008, 2009, and 2010 in Rivers Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. The five species were differentiated by life history strategies. Acartia longiremis, Metridia pacifica, and Paraeuchaeta elongata remained active over most of the year. By contrast, the reproductive effort of Eucalanus bungii and Calanus marshallae was concentrated over the spring period and they spent most of the year in diapause as C5 copepodites. A delay in the timing of the spring bloom was associated with a shift in the phenology of all species. However, following the delay in spring bloom timing, recruitment to the G1 cohort was reduced only for E. bungii and C. marshallae. Recruitment successes of E. bungii and C. marshallae was also drastically reduced in 2010, an El Niño year, when spring temperatures were highest. Reasons for the observed differential response to spring environmental forcing, and its effect on upper trophic levels, are discussed.