bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the cellular and omics characteristics of natural killer cells in the bone marrow microenvironment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Leisheng , Sun Yunyan , Xue Chun-e , Wang Shuling , Xu Xianghong , Zheng Chengyun , Chen Cunrong , Kong Dexiao
Published: March 2024

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematologic malignancy and the most frequently acute leukemia of stem cell precursors and the myeloid derivatives in adult. Longitudinal studies have indicated the therapeutic landscape and drug resistance for patients with AML are still intractable, which largely attribute to the deficiency of detailed information upon the pathogenesis.

Methods

In this study, we compared the cellular phenotype of resident NK cells (rAML-NKs, rHD-NKs) and expanded NK cells (eAML-NKs, eHD-NKs) from bone marrow of AML patients (AML) and healthy donors (HD). Then, we took advantage of the co-culture strategy for the evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of NK cells upon diverse tumor cell lines (e.g., K562, Nalm6, U937). With the aid of RNA-sequencing (RNA-SEQ) and bioinformatics analyses (e.g., GOBP analysis, KEGG analysis, GSEA, volcano plot), we verified the similarities and differences of the omics features between eAML-NKs and eHD-NKs.

Results

Herein, we verified the sharp decline in the content of total resident NK cells (CD3−CD56+) in rAML-NKs compared to rHD-NKs. Differ from the expanded eHD-NKs, eAML-NKs revealed decline in diverse NK cell subsets (NKG2D+, CD25+, NKp44+, NKp46+) and alterations in cellular vitality but conservations in cytotoxicity. According to transcriptomic analysis, AML-NKs and HD-NKs showed multifaceted distinctions in gene expression profiling and genetic variations.

Conclusions

Collectively, our data revealed the variations in the cytobiological and transcriptomic features between AML-NKs and HD-NKs in bone marrow environment. Our findings would benefit the further development of novel biomarkers for AML diagnosis and NK cell-based cytotherapy in future.
Exosomal-miRNas expression and growth factors released by mononuclear cells of CLAD patients in response to extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Bozzini Sara , Bozza Eleonora , Bagnera Cecilia , Del Fante Claudia , Barone Eugenio , De Vitis Simona , De Amici Mara , Testa Giorgia , Croce Stefania , Valsecchi Chiara , Avanzini Maria A , Cacciatore Rosalia , Mortellaro Cristina , Viarengo Gianluca , Perotti Cesare , Meloni Federica
Published: March 2024

Background

CLAD (Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction) remains a serious complication following lung transplantation. Some evidence shows that portions of Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP)-treated patients improve/stabilize their graft function. In spite of that, data concerning molecular mechanisms are still lacking. Aims of our study were to assess whether ECP effects are mediated by Mononuclear Cells (MNCs) modulation in term of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression and growth factors release.

Methods

Cells from leukapheresis of 16 CLAD patients, at time 0 and 6-months (10 cycles), were cultured for 48h ± PHA (10 ug/ml) or LPS (2 ug/ml). Expression levels of miR-146a-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-31-5p, miR181a-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-16-5p and miR-23b-5p in MNCs-exosomes were evaluated by qRT-PCR, while ELISA assessed different growth factors levels on culture supernatants.

Results

Our result showed miR-142-3p down-regulation (p = 0.02) in MNCs of ECP-patients after the 10 cycles and after LPS stimulation (p = 0.005). We also find miR-146a-5p up-regulation in cells after the 10 cycles stimulated with LPS (p = 0.03). Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels significantly decreased in MNCs supernatant (p = 0.04). The effect of ECP is translated into frequency changes of Dendritic Cell (DC) subpopulations and a slight increase in T regulatory cells (Treg) number and a significant decrease in CTGF release.

Conclusions

ECP might affect regulatory T cell functions, since both miR-142 and miR-146a have been shown to be involved in the regulation of suppressor regulatory T cell functions and DCs. On the other side ECP, possibly by regulating macrophage activation, is able to significantly down modulate CTGF release.
Hand eczema and skin complaints in particulate matter-exposed occupations - firefighters, chimney sweepers, and ferrosilicon smelter workers in Norway
Authors: Teigen Krister Aune , Höper Anje Christina , Føreland Solveig , Eggesbø Merete Åse , Hegseth Marit Nøst
Published: March 2024

Background

The objective was to investigate self-reported hand eczema, and skin complaints at other skin locations among workers exposed to particulate matter, especially ultrafine particles.

Method

We conducted a cross-sectional study on workers from one ferro-silicon smelter plant, eight chimney sweeper stations and one firefighter station across Norway. Participants answered an extended version of the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire (NOSQ-2022), with additional questions about whole-body skin complaints and visible dust deposition. Results are presented as descriptive data using firefighters as reference group. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated using logistic regression on lifetime prevalence of hand eczema adjusted for potential confounders and mediators. P-values were calculated using likelihood ratio test against the crude OR.

Results

A total of 186 participants answered the questionnaire: 74 chimney sweepers, 52 firefighters and 60 smelter workers. Participation rate was 95.0, 94.5 and 63.6%, respectively. Lifetime prevalence of hand eczema was 9.5, 9.6, and 28.3%, respectively. The point prevalence of hand eczema was 1.4, 1.9 and 10.0%, respectively. We estimated OR for lifetime hand eczema in smelter workers to 4.36 [95% CI: 1.31–14.43, p = 0.016] and for lifetime skin complaints in other locations to 2.25 [95% CI: 0.98–5.18, p = 0.058]. The lifetime prevalence of skin complaints at other locations was 18.9, 23.1 and 40.0%, respectively. The point prevalence was 14.9, 9.6 and 16.7%, respectively. These estimates were not statistically significant but indicates that smelter workers have more skin complaints also at other locations.

Conclusion

This study reports a more than four-fold increased risk of hand eczema in smelter workers, and possibly a higher risk of skin complaints in other body locations, compared to the other occupations. Longitudinal studies with larger population are needed to verify the marked increased risk of eczema among smelters and establish causation.
Systematic review and pooled analysis of the impact of treatment-induced lymphopenia on survival of glioblastoma patients
Authors: Saeed Ali M. , Bentzen Søren M. , Ahmad Haroon , Pham Lily , Woodworth Graeme F. , Mishra Mark V.
Published: March 2024

Purpose/objective(s)

Treatment related lymphopenia is a known toxicity for glioblastoma (GBM) patients and several single-institution studies have linked lymphopenia with poor survival outcomes. We performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to evaluate the association between lymphopenia and overall survival (OS) for GBM patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT).

Materials/methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review of the MEDLINE database and abstracts from ASTRO, ASCO, and SNO annual meetings was conducted. A pooled analysis was performed using inverse variance-weighted random effects to generate a pooled estimate of the hazard ratio of association between lymphopenia and OS.

Results

Ten of 104 identified studies met inclusion criteria, representing 1,718 patients. The lymphopenia cutoff value varied (400–1100 cells/uL) and as well as the timing of its onset. Studies were grouped as time-point (i.e., lymphopenia at approximately 2-months post-RT) or time-range (any lymphopenia occurrence from treatment-start to approximately 2-months post-RT. The mean overall pooled incidence of lymphopenia for all studies was 31.8%, and 11.8% vs. 39.9% for time-point vs. time-range studies, respectively. Lymphopenia was associated with increased risk of death, with a pooled HR of 1.78 (95% CI 1.46–2.17, P < 0.00001) for the time-point studies, and a pooled HR of 1.38 (95% CI 1.24–1.55, P < 0.00001) for the time-point studies. There was no significant heterogeneity between studies.

Conclusion

These results strengthen observations from previous individual single-institution studies and better defines the magnitude of the association between lymphopenia with OS in GBM patients, highlighting lymphopenia as a poor prognostic factor.
An innovative reconstruction of an enbloc resected composite giant chest and abdominal wall chondrosarcoma with 3D-composite mesh
Authors: Dantis Klein , Singh Ramandeep , Goel Archit , Garg Brijesh
Published: March 2024

Background

Chest wall chondrosarcomas, although common, pose unique challenges due to their aggressive nature, rarity of abdominal wall involvement, and propensity for recurrence. We highlight the critical role of meticulous surgical planning, multidisciplinary collaboration, and innovative reconstruction techniques in achieving optimal outcomes for patients with composite giant chest and abdominal wall chondrosarcoma.

Case Presentation

A 38-year-old female patient presented with progressive left chest and abdominal wall swelling for two years; on evaluation had a large lobulated lytic lesion arising from the left ninth rib, scalloping eighth and tenth ribs measuring 13.34 × 8.92 × 10.71 cm (anteroposterior/transverse/craniocaudal diameter) diagnosed with chondrosarcoma grade 2. A three-dimensional (3D) composite mesh was designed based on computed tomography using virtual surgical planning and computer-assisted design and manufacturing technology. She underwent wide local excision and reconstruction of the chest and abdominal wall with 3D-composite mesh under general anesthesia. The postoperative condition was uneventful, with no recurrence at 12 months follow-up.

Conclusion

A 3D-composite mesh facilitates patient-specific, durable, and cost-effective chest and abdominal wall reconstruction.
Impact of plasma Epstein–Barr virus DNA in posttreatment nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Lin Cheng , Li Meifang , Lin Yingying , Zhang Yu , Xu Hanchuan , Chen Bijuan , Yan Xia , Xu Yun
Published: March 2024

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is prevalent in southern China. EBV DNA is the most useful biomarker in NPC. However, the value of EBV DNA in posttreatment NPC patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains unclear.

Methods

Sixty-four eligible NPC patients were enrolled between December 2022 and February 2023. Patients who met the following criteria were included: had non-metastatic NPC, completed radical treatment, were first firstly infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their EBV DNA changed from undetectable to detectable.

Results

At the end of follow-up, 81.25% (52/64) of patients were confirmed not to relapse with undetectable EBV DNA (no-relapse). In addition, 18.75% (12/64) of patients experienced relapse with consistent detection of EBV DNA (yes-relapse). For all 64 patients, the average time from diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to detection of detectable EBV DNA was 35.41 days (2 to 139 days). For 52 no-relapse patients, the average time from EBV DNA changing from detectable to undetectable was 63.12 days (6 to 147 days). The levels of EBV DNA were greater in yes-relapse patients than that in no-relapse patients, and the average of EBV DNA levels were 1216 copies/ml and 53.18 copies/ml, respectively. Using 62.3 copies/mL as the threshold, the area under the curve for EBV DNA was 0.88 for distinguishing yes-relapse patients from no-relapse patients. The sensitivity and specificity were 81.97% (95% CI 0.71–0.95) and 86.67% (95% CI 0.70–0.95), respectively.

Conclusion

For NPC patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, EBV DNA alone is insufficient for monitoring relapse after radical therapy. Long-term follow-up and underlying mechanistic investigations of EBV DNA changes are urgently needed.
Echoes of conflict: the enduring mental health struggle of Gaza’s healthcare workers
Authors: Abed Alah Muna
Published: March 2024

The conflict in Gaza presents distinct difficulties that significantly impact the psychological well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) making it imperative to understand and address their mental health needs in this specific context. This article highlights the unique challenges of the ongoing Gaza conflict and its critical impact on the mental health of HCWs. Observations in the paper revealed that HCWs in Gaza face extraordinary challenges, including the targeting of medical facilities, severe shortages of medical supplies, and the ethical dilemmas of providing care in such constrained conditions. These factors contribute to heightened stress, anxiety, and a pervasive sense of helplessness among HCWs. The paper also notes the compounded emotional burden due to the loss of colleagues and the need to navigate complex interactions with patients’ families under extreme conditions. Furthermore, the lack of basic needs like adequate nutrition and safe drinking water for HCWs themselves further compromises their ability to provide care effectively, contributing further to worsened mental health. The paper also notes the lack of sufficient media coverage and support for these workers, contributing to a sense of isolation and neglect. HCWs in Gaza find themselves in a uniquely challenging situation, one that is marked not only by the immediate stresses of the ongoing conflict but also by the deep-seated psychological scars from past wars. The circumstances in Gaza are clinically relevant as they directly affect the HCWs’ ability to provide care and maintain their well-being. These findings highlight the need for targeted mental health interventions and support tailored to the specific challenges faced by HCWs in Gaza. Addressing these issues is crucial for their well-being and ability to provide effective healthcare under such demanding and traumatic circumstances.
Trajectories and correlates of mental health among urban, school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study
Authors: Oblath Rachel , Dayal Rohan , Loubeau J. Krystel , Lejeune Julia , Sikov Jennifer , Savage Meera , Posse Catalina , Jain Sonal , Zolli Nicole , Baul Tithi D. , Ladino Valeria , Ji Chelsea , Kabrt Jessica , Sidky Lillian , Rabin Megan , Kim Do Yoon , Kobayashi Imme , Murphy J. Michael , Garg Arvin , Spencer Andrea E.
Published: March 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic posed numerous obstacles to psychosocial wellbeing for children. We conducted a longitudinal study to evaluate child mental health and social risks during the pandemic.

Methods

Participants were 172 caregivers of children aged 6–11 years old who attended well child visits within 6 months before pandemic onset at an urban safety net hospital in the US. Prepandemic data was extracted from the electronic medical record, and surveys were administered at three time points between August 2020 and July 2021. We measured mental health symptoms with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17, social risks (e.g., food and housing insecurity) with the THRIVE questionnaire, and school modality (in-person, hybrid, remote).

Results

Compared to pre-pandemic, children had significantly higher PSC-17 total scores (overall mental health symptoms) and THRIVE total scores (total burden of social risks) at all three mid-pandemic waves. Using longitudinal mixed models accounting for time, social risks, and school modality, both social risks (B = 0.37, SE = 0.14, p < 0.01) and school modality were significantly associated with PSC-17 scores (B = − 1.95, SE = 0.63, p < 0.01). Children attending in-person school had fewer mental health symptoms than those attending remote or hybrid school.

Conclusion

Mental health symptoms and social risks remained significantly higher fifteen months after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to prepandemic. In-person attendance at school appeared protective against persistently elevated mental health symptoms.
Breast cancer survivors suffering from lymphedema: What really do affect to corporeality/body image? A qualitative study
Authors: González-Fernández Laura , Romero-Morales Carlos , Martínez-Pascual Beatriz , Río-González Angela , Cerezo-Téllez Ester , López-Martín Inmaculada
Published: March 2024

Breast cancer-related lymphedema is currently one of the most serious complications that most affect the quality of life of women undergoing breast cancer. The aim of this study was to explore in-depth the experience of women who suffer from lymphoedema after breast cancer and how does this condition affect corporeality, with no judgements. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology was followed. In-depth interviews, interviewer's field notes and participants' letters were used for data collection. The participants were twenty Spanish women with lymphoedema after overcome a breast cancer in the past. Healthcare specialists with experience in the topic were also included. Results showed 2 main categories: “From cancer to lymphedema, another disease another disease” and “Potential for transition and transformation towards a new way of life”. As a conclusion, the difficulty in accessing adequate treatment, the need for greater awareness of lymphedema and the importance of the emotional and psychological dimension of this chronic disease. Highlighting the attitudes that these women develop for self-care and the concept of new corporeality. After breast cancer, women with lymphedema experience a drastic change that affects all areas of their lives. The adaptation process, and the search for resources and aid, play a fundamental role in overcoming this process.
Multiplex DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze maternal vs. paternal C. elegans chromosomes
Authors: Gutnik Silvia , You Jia Emil , Sawh Ahilya N. , Andriollo Aude , Mango Susan E.
Published: March 2024

Recent advances in microscopy have enabled studying chromosome organization at the single-molecule level, yet little is known about inherited chromosome organization. Here we adapt single-molecule chromosome tracing to distinguish two C. elegans strains (N2 and HI) and find that while their organization is similar, the N2 chromosome influences the folding parameters of the HI chromosome, in particular the step size, across generations. Furthermore, homologous chromosomes overlap frequently, but alignment between homologous regions is rare, suggesting that transvection is unlikely. We present a powerful tool to investigate chromosome architecture and to track the parent of origin.
Exploring the role of GhN/AINV23: implications for plant growth, development, and drought tolerance
Authors: Qiao Kaikai , Zeng Qingtao , Lv Jiaoyan , Chen Lingling , Hao Juxin , Wang Ding , Ma Qifeng , Fan Shuli
Published: March 2024

Background

Neutral/alkaline invertases (N/AINVs) play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and stress response, by irreversibly hydrolyzing sucrose into glucose and fructose. However, research on cotton in this area is limited. This study aims to investigate GhN/AINV23, a neutral/alkaline invertase in cotton, including its characteristics and biological functions.

Results

In our study, we analyzed the sequence information, three-dimensional (3D) model, phylogenetic tree, and cis-elements of GhN/AINV23. The localization of GhN/AINV23 was determined to be in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that GhN/AINV23 expression was induced by abscisic acid (ABA), exogenous sucrose and low exogenous glucose, and inhibited by high exogenous glucose. In Arabidopsis, overexpression of GhN/AINV23 promoted vegetative phase change, root development, and drought tolerance. Additionally, the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay indicated that the inhibition of GhN/AINV23 expression made cotton more susceptible to drought stress, suggesting that GhN/AINV23 positively regulates plant drought tolerance.

Conclusion

Our research indicates that GhN/AINV23 plays a significant role in plant vegetative phase change, root development, and drought response. These findings provide a valuable foundation for utilizing GhN/AINV23 to improve cotton yield.
Investigating the effect of a school-based WASH intervention on soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections and nutritional status of school children in Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Tadesse Gemechu , Wuletaw Yonas , Mekete Kalkidan , Sime Heven , Yard Elodie , Appleby Laura , Grimes Jack , Dejene Nigussie , Gardiner Iain , Kazienga Adama , Abbeddou Souheila , French Michael , Levecke Bruno , Drake Lesley
Published: March 2024

Background

The impact of access to improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and health education on large-scale deworming programs aimed at controlling soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and schistosome (SCH) infections has not been well studied. We assessed the additional impact of improved WASH infrastructure and health education at schools on STH and SCH infections in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study used a quasi-experimental design under which 30 schools were assigned to either an intervention (15 schools) or control (15 schools) arm. Both arms received a standard deworming treatment and lunch. In the intervention arm, improved WASH and health education were provided. At three consecutive time points (baseline in 2013, 2014 and 2015), the prevalence and intensity of STH and SCH infections and the nutritional status [hemoglobin concentrations and physical growth (height and weight)] were determined. To verify whether interventions were successfully implemented, the WASH status at school and the student knowledge, attitudes and practices related to WASH (WASH-KAP) were recorded. Differences in metrics between arms at baseline (2013) and follow-up (2015) were assessed both within and between the arms.

Results

A significant increase in scores for both the school WASH and student KAP was found in the intervention arm, indicating successful implementation of the intervention. The prevalence of any STH infection was significantly reduced in the intervention arm but not in the control arm (F = 4.486, p = 0.034). There was a significantly greater reduction in the intensity of infection of hookworm and Ascaris lumbricoides compared to baseline in both arms. The intervention did not affect school children’s height-for-age z-score (intervention arm * time coef = 0.12, p = 0.400) and body mass index-for-age z-scores (intervention * time coef = − 0.06, p = 0.526). Hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly more in the control than the intervention arm (coef = − 0.16, p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Although the intervention did increase school WASH and student WASH-KAP, our study found poor evidence of the additional benefit of improved WASH and health education to deworming and school food programs on parasite re-infection and the health outcomes of children.

Graphical Abstract
TP63–TRIM29 axis regulates enhancer methylation and chromosomal instability in prostate cancer
Authors: Sultanov R. , Mulyukina A. , Zubkova O. , Fedoseeva A. , Bogomazova A. , Klimina K. , Larin A. , Zatsepin T. , Prikazchikova T. , Lukina M. , Bogomiakova M. , Sharova E. , Generozov E. , Lagarkova M. , Arapidi G.
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background

Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. High variability in DNA methylation and a high rate of large genomic rearrangements are often observed in PRAD.

Results

To investigate the reasons for such high variance, we integrated DNA methylation, RNA-seq, and copy number alterations datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), focusing on PRAD, and employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Our results show that only single cluster of co-expressed genes is associated with genomic and epigenomic instability. Within this cluster, TP63 and TRIM29 are key transcription regulators and are downregulated in PRAD. We discovered that TP63 regulates the level of enhancer methylation in prostate basal epithelial cells. TRIM29 forms a complex with TP63 and together regulates the expression of genes specific to the prostate basal epithelium. In addition, TRIM29 binds DNA repair proteins and prevents the formation of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion typically observed in PRAD.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that TRIM29 and TP63 are important regulators in maintaining the identity of the basal epithelium under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we uncover the role of TRIM29 in PRAD development.
Concomitant Sjögren’s disease as a biomarker for treatment effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis - results from the Swiss clinical quality management cohort
Authors: Christ Lisa , Kissling Seraphina , Finckh Axel , Fisher Benjamin A. , Adler Sabine , Maurer Britta , Möller Burkhard , Kollert Florian
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate the clinical phenotype and treatment response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with and without concomitant Sjögren’s disease (SjD).

Methods

In this observational cohort study, patients with RA from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases registry were categorised according to the presence or absence of SjD. To assess treatment effectiveness, drug retention of tumor necrosis factor-α-inhibitors (TNFi) was compared to other mode of action (OMA) biologics and Janus kinase-inhibitors (JAKi) in RA patients with and without SjD. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for time to drug discontinuation were compared in crude and adjusted Cox proportional regression models for potential confounders.

Results

We identified 5974 patients without and 337 patients with concomitant SjD. Patients with SjD were more likely to be female, to have a positive rheumatoid factor, higher disease activity scores, and erosive bone damage. For treatment response, a total of 6781 treatment courses were analysed. After one year, patients with concomitant SjD were less likely to reach DAS28 remission with all three treatment modalities. Patients with concomitant SjD had a higher hazard for stopping TNFi treatment (adjusted HR 1.3 [95% CI 1.07–1.6]; OMA HR 1.12 [0.91–1.37]; JAKi HR 0.97 [0.62–1.53]). When compared to TNFi, patients with concomitant SjD had a significantly lower hazard for stopping treatment with OMA (adjusted HR 0.62 [95% CI 0.46–0.84]) and JAKi (HR 0.52 [0.28–0.96]).

Conclusion

RA patients with concomitant SjD reveal a severe RA phenotype, are less responsive to treatment, and more likely to fail TNFi.
Sox9 downregulation in non-obstructive azoospermia by UTF1 and mediator role of POU5F1
Authors: Roshan Mehdi Mehdinezhad , Azizi Hossein , Majelan Mohammadreza Ashtari , Tabar Amirreza Niazi
Published: March 2024

Background

Spermatogenesis is the process of producing mature sperm from Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and this process requires a complex cooperation of different types of somatic and germ cells. Undifferentiated spermatogonia initiate the spermatogenesis and Sertoli cells as the only somatic cells inside of the seminiferous tubule play a key role in providing chemical and physical requirements for normal spermatogenesis, here, we investigated the dysfunction of these cells in non-obstructive azoospermia.

Material and method

In this study, we analyzed the expression of sox9 and UTF1 in the non-obstructive human testis by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we used the KEGG pathway and bioinformatics analysis to reveal the connection between our object genes and protein.

Results

The immunohistochemistry analysis of the non-obstructive human seminiferous tubule showed low expression of Sox9 and UTF1 that was detected out of the main location of the responsible cells for these expressions. Our bioinformatics analysis clearly and strongly indicated the relation between UTF1 in undifferentiated spermatogonia and Sox9 in Sertoli cells mediated by POU5F1.

Conclusion

Generally, this study showed the negative effect of POU5F1 as a mediator between Sertoli cells as the somatic cells within seminiferous tubules and undifferentiated spermatogonia as the spermatogenesis initiator germ cells in non-obstructive conditions.
Measurement invariance analysis of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale - Research Short Form in mothers of premature and term infants
Authors: Worrall Semra , Christiansen Paul , Khalil Asma , Silverio Sergio A. , Fallon Victoria
Published: March 2024

Objective

Mothers of premature infants are more likely to develop anxiety during the first postpartum year than mothers of term infants. However, commonly used measures of anxiety were developed for general adult populations and may produce spurious, over-inflated scores when used in a postpartum context. Although perinatal-specific tools such as the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale [PSAS] offer a promising alternative form of measurement, it is not clear whether the measure performs similarly in mothers of premature infants as it does in mothers of term infants. The objective of the current study was to identify whether items on the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale - Research Short Form (PSAS-RSF) are being interpreted in the same manner in mothers of term infants and mothers of premature infants. Mothers (N = 320) participated in an international on-line survey between February 2022 and March 2023 (n = 160 mothers of premature infants, n = 160 mothers of term infants) where they completed the PSAS-RSF. Data were analysed using a measurement invariance analysis to assess whether constructs of the PSAS-RSF are performing in a similar manner across the two groups.

Results

Whilst the PSAS-RSF achieved configural invariance and so retains its four-factor structure, metric invariance was not reached and so items are being interpreted differently in mothers of premature infants. Items concerning infant-separation, finance, and anxieties surrounding infant health are potentially problematic. Future research must now modify the PSAS-RSF for specific use in mothers of premature infants, to ensure measurement of anxiety in this population is valid.
Ultrasonic shear wave elastography predicts the quality of the residual tendon before the rotator cuff repair
Authors: Chen Xianghui , Chen Siming , Zhang Fei , Zhu Yaqiong , Yi Dan , Xu Hong , Tang Jie , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yuexiang
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose

Effective evaluation of rotator cuff tear residual tendon quality is the key to surgical repair. However, until now, the evaluation of rotator cuff tissue by ultrasonic shear wave elasticity (SWE) has been controversial. This prospective study analyzed the association between preoperative SWE and arthroscopic residual tendon quality scores.

Methods

The shear wave velocity (SWV) of the deltoid muscle, the supraspinatus tendon, and the supraspinatus muscle were measured in full-thickness rotator cuff tear patients. Tendon quality was scored according to tear size, tendon margin, tendon thickness, and footprint coverage during arthroscopy. The arthroscopic scores were used as the gold standard, and the SWV ratio of tendon and muscle (supraspinatus tendon/deltoid and supraspinatus muscle/deltoid) were calculated and correlated with the arthroscopic scores.

Result

Eighty-nine patients (129 shoulders) were enrolled, including 89 operation shoulders and 40 control shoulders. In the group of operation shoulders, both the SWV ratios of tendon (SWV-RT) and the SWV ratio of muscle (SWV-RM) were negatively correlated with arthroscopic scores (The correlation coefficient (R) ranged from -0.722 to -0.884 and -0.569 to -0.689). The SWV-RT and SWV-RM of the operation shoulders were significantly lower than that of the control shoulders (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

SWE could be used to predict the quality of the residual tendon before the rotator cuff repair. SWV of the supraspinatus tendon and muscle was a useful parameter to predict the quality of the residual tendon.

Critical relevance statement

Measuring the shear wave velocity of the supraspinatus tendon and muscle with SWE is useful for predicting the quality of the residual tendon which is one of the key factors for a successful rotator cuff repair.

Key points

• Evaluating the quality of the residual tendon is important before surgery.

• Elasticity measurements were negatively correlated with the arthroscopic score.

• SWE is useful for predicting the quality of the residual tendon.

Graphical Abstract
Bioprinting of human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells with hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid bioink
Authors: Grönroos Pyry , Mörö Anni , Puistola Paula , Hopia Karoliina , Huuskonen Maija , Viheriälä Taina , Ilmarinen Tanja , Skottman Heli
Published: March 2024

Background

Human corneal endothelial cells lack regenerative capacity through cell division in vivo. Consequently, in the case of trauma or dystrophy, the only available treatment modality is corneal tissue or primary corneal endothelial cell transplantation from cadaveric donor which faces a high global shortage. Our ultimate goal is to use the state-of-the-art 3D-bioprint technology for automated production of human partial and full-thickness corneal tissues using human stem cells and functional bioinks. In this study, we explore the feasibility of bioprinting the corneal endothelium using human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells and hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid bioink.

Methods

Corneal endothelial cells differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells were bioprinted using optimized hydrazone crosslinked hyaluronic acid based bioink. Before the bioprinting process, the biocompatibility of the bioink with cells was first analyzed with transplantation on ex vivo denuded rat and porcine corneas as well as on denuded human Descemet membrane. Subsequently, the bioprinting was proceeded and the viability of human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells were verified with live/dead stainings. Histological and immunofluorescence stainings involving ZO1, Na+/K+-ATPase and CD166 were used to confirm corneal endothelial cell phenotype in all experiments. Additionally, STEM121 marker was used to identify human cells from the ex vivo rat and porcine corneas.

Results

The bioink, modified for human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells successfully supported both the viability and printability of the cells. Following up to 10 days of ex vivo transplantations, STEM121 positive cells were confirmed on the Descemet membrane of rat and porcine cornea demonstrating the biocompatibility of the bioink. Furthermore, biocompatibility was validated on denuded human Descemet membrane showing corneal endothelial -like characteristics. Seven days post bioprinting, the corneal endothelial -like cells were viable and showed polygonal morphology with expression and native-like localization of ZO-1, Na+/K+-ATPase and CD166. However, mesenchymal-like cells were observed in certain areas of the cultures, spreading beneath the corneal endothelial-like cell layer.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate the successful printing of human pluripotent stem cell derived corneal endothelial cells using covalently crosslinked hyaluronic acid bioink. This approach not only holds promise for a corneal endothelium transplants but also presents potential applications in the broader mission of bioprinting the full-thickness human cornea.
Transplanted human photoreceptors transfer cytoplasmic material but not to the recipient mouse retina
Authors: Ho Margaret T. , Kawai Kotoe , Abdo Dhana , Comanita Lacrimioara , Ortin-Martinez Arturo , Ueno Yui , Tsao Emily , Rastgar-Moghadam Azam , Xue Chang , Cui Hong , Wallace Valerie A. , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: March 2024

Background

The discovery of material transfer between transplanted and host mouse photoreceptors has expanded the possibilities for utilizing transplanted photoreceptors as potential vehicles for delivering therapeutic cargo. However, previous research has not directly explored the capacity for human photoreceptors to engage in material transfer, as human photoreceptor transplantation has primarily been investigated in rodent models of late-stage retinal disease, which lack host photoreceptors.

Methods

In this study, we transplanted human stem-cell derived photoreceptors purified from human retinal organoids at different ontological ages (weeks 10, 14, or 20) into mouse models with intact photoreceptors and assessed transfer of human proteins and organelles to mouse photoreceptors.

Results

Unexpectedly, regardless of donor age or mouse recipient background, human photoreceptors did not transfer material in the mouse retina, though a rare subset of donor cells (< 5%) integrated into the mouse photoreceptor cell layer. To investigate the possibility that a species barrier impeded transfer, we used a flow cytometric assay to examine material transfer in vitro. Interestingly, dissociated human photoreceptors transferred fluorescent protein with each other in vitro, yet no transfer was detected in co-cultures of human and mouse photoreceptors, suggesting that material transfer is species specific.

Conclusions

While xenograft models are not a tractable system to study material transfer of human photoreceptors, these findings demonstrate that human retinal organoid-derived photoreceptors are competent donors for material transfer and thus may be useful to treat retinal degenerative disease.
Joint optimization of UAV communication connectivity and obstacle avoidance in urban environments using a double-map approach
Authors: Zhong Weizhi , Wang Xin , Liu Xiang , Lin Zhipeng , Ali Farman
Published: March 2024

Cellular-connected unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which have the potential to extend cellular services from the ground into the airspace, represent a promising technological advancement. However, the presence of communication coverage black holes among base stations and various obstacles within the aerial domain pose significant challenges to ensuring the safe operation of UAVs. This paper introduces a novel trajectory planning scheme, namely the double-map assisted UAV approach, which leverages deep reinforcement learning to address these challenges. The mission execution time, wireless connectivity, and obstacle avoidance are comprehensively modeled and analyzed in this approach, leading to the derivation of a novel joint optimization function. By utilizing an advanced technique known as dueling double deep Q network (D3QN), the objective function is optimized, while employing a mechanism of prioritized experience replay strengthens the training of effective samples. Furthermore, the connectivity and obstacle information collected by the UAV during flight are utilized to generate a map of radio and environmental data for simulating the flying process, thereby significantly reducing operational costs. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively circumvents obstacles and areas with weak connections during flight, while also considering mission completion time.
The mediating effect of social network identity management on the relationship between personality traits and social media addiction among pre-service teachers
Authors: Isbulan Onur , Cam Emre , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: March 2024

Background

The use of social media has become an important part individuals’ daily lives and is used in many daily life activities, such as social interaction, education, and shopping. However, with the increase in the use of social media, a minority of individuals can experience problematic use (and in extreme cases, ‘social media addiction’). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of personality traits on social media addiction and the mediating role of social network identity management in this relationship among preservice teachers.

Methods

The data were collected from 275 pre-service teachers at a university in Türkiye. The survey included the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), the Social Network Identity Management Scale, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and a personal information form.

Results

The findings of the study indicated that there was a relationship between personality traits, social network identity management, and social media addiction. Specifically, neuroticism was positively associated with social media addiction, whereas extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were negatively associated. The results also indicated that social network identity management mediated the effect of personality traits on social media addiction.

Conclusion

Given that the present investigation was only a preliminary study, further research is needed to examine whether social network identity management is an important determinant in understanding the relationship between personality traits and social media addiction.
Artificial intelligence-based MRI radiomics and radiogenomics in glioma
Authors: Fan Haiqing , Luo Yilin , Gu Fang , Tian Bin , Xiong Yongqin , Wu Guipeng , Nie Xin , Yu Jing , Tong Juan , Liao Xin
Published: March 2024

The specific genetic subtypes that gliomas exhibit result in variable clinical courses and the need to involve multidisciplinary teams of neurologists, epileptologists, neurooncologists and neurosurgeons. Currently, the diagnosis of gliomas pivots mainly around the preliminary radiological findings and the subsequent definitive surgical diagnosis (via surgical sampling). Radiomics and radiogenomics present a potential to precisely diagnose and predict survival and treatment responses, via morphological, textural, and functional features derived from MRI data, as well as genomic data. In spite of their advantages, it is still lacking standardized processes of feature extraction and analysis methodology among different research groups, which have made external validations infeasible. Radiomics and radiogenomics can be used to better understand the genomic basis of gliomas, such as tumor spatial heterogeneity, treatment response, molecular classifications and tumor microenvironment immune infiltration. These novel techniques have also been used to predict histological features, grade or even overall survival in gliomas. In this review, workflows of radiomics and radiogenomics are elucidated, with recent research on machine learning or artificial intelligence in glioma.
Blanket bog vegetation response to wildfire and drainage suggests resilience to low severity, infrequent burning
Authors: Andersen Roxane , Fernandez-Garcia Paula , Martin-Walker Alice , Klein Daniela , Marshall Chris , Large David J. , Hughes Robert , Hancock Mark H.
Published: March 2024

Background

In 2019, a wildfire impacted an area of blanket bog and wet heath > 60 km2 in the Flow Country peatlands of northern Scotland, a site of global significance. Unusually the footprint of the wildfire included discrete areas of degraded, restored, and near-natural blanket bogs. Following the wildfire, we surveyed vegetation in 387 quadrats in burnt and unburnt areas. The study aimed to determine whether and how proximity to human-made drains and microtopography affected fire-vegetation interactions and included older wildfire sites and unburnt control sites for context.

Results

Overall, our study suggests that the 2019 Flow Country wildfire caused mostly superficial burning; except in the most degraded area, which burned more severely and where we recorded more profound impacts on the vegetation. We found higher cover of litter, which in turn led to increased localized fire damage in quadrats close to drains compared with quadrats away from the influence of drains. We also found greater fire impacts (e.g., proportions of moss burnt and Sphagnum discoloration) on hummocks, particularly where they were higher relative to the hollows. Overall, vegetation both near and away from drains largely resembled nearby unburnt sites within 20 years.

Conclusions

Overall, our study suggests that the 2019 Flow Country wildfire caused mostly superficial burning, except in the most degraded areas. Vegetation communities of blanket bogs associated with conservation and restoration areas in the region appear to be largely resilient to occasional, low severity wildfires. This implies that management interventions that maintain wet conditions in peatlands have the potential to help reduce the risks of severe wildfires.
Multi-class segmentation skin diseases using improved tuna swarm-based U-EfficientNet
Authors: Rajagopal Manikandan , Ghate Shubhangi N. , P Rajeswari , Ganesh E. N.
Published: March 2024

Early location of melanoma, a dangerous shape of skin cancer, is basic for patients. Indeed, for master dermatologists, separating between threatening and generous melanoma could be a troublesome errand. Surgical extraction taken after early determination of melanoma is at its way to dispense with the malady that will result in passing. Extraction of generous injuries, on the other hand, will result in expanded dismalness and superfluous wellbeing care costs. Given the complexity and likeness of skin injuries, it can be troublesome to create an accurate determination. The proposed EfficientNet and UNet are combined and arrange to extend division exactness. Also, to decrease data misfortune amid the learning stage, adjusted fish swarm advancement (IMSO) is utilized to fine-tune the U-EfficientNet’s movable parameters. In this paper, a ViT-based design able to classify melanoma versus noncancerous injuries is displayed. On the HAM1000 and ISIC-2018 datasets, the proposed ViT demonstrated accomplished the normal precision of 99.78% and 10.43% FNR with computation time of 134.4632s of ISIC-2018 datasets. The proposed ViT show accomplished the normal exactness of 99.16% and 9.38% FNR in with computation time of 133.4782s of HAM1000 dataset.
Longitudinal Costs of Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Versus Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation: Lessons From Phase III PARCER Trial for Shaping Resource-Stratified Guidelines in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Hande Varsha , Ranjan Nilesh , Chopra Supriya , Sinha Shwetabh , Mittal Prachi , Gupta Ankita , Maheshwari Amita , Gupta Sudeep
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE

The PARCER trial provided level I evidence for image-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT) in patients with cervical cancer. Further information regarding long-term financial impact is imperative for adoption into the National Cancer Grid of India cervical cancer resource-stratified guidelines.

METHODS

Patient data from the PARCER trial were analyzed to evaluate the cost implications of transitioning to IG-IMRT. Lacking differences in outcomes between the three-dimensional conformal radiation (3D-CRT) and IG-IMRT, differences in treatment costs, adverse event incidence, and toxicity management costs were examined. The overall financial impact was estimated by adding the treatment costs, toxicity management, and wage loss. This was extrapolated nationally to determine if a transition to IG-IMRT would be feasible for the Indian health care system.

RESULTS

Of the 300 patients in the PARCER trial, 93 faced grades ≥2 adverse events (3D-CRT = 59, IG-IMRT = 34). Patients in the 3D-CRT and IG-IMRT arms spent an average of 2.39 years and 1.96 years in toxicity, respectively. The average toxicity management and the yearly financial impact per patient were, respectively, 1.50 and 1.44 times higher for 3D-CRT patients compared with IG-IMRT patients. Extrapolation to the national level showed that treatment with 3D-CRT led to a 2.88 times higher cost ratio when compared with treatment with IG-IMRT.

CONCLUSION

Although the initial costs of IG-IMRT are high, on the basis of longitudinal data, it is financially inefficient to treat with 3D-CRT. Resource-stratified guidelines should include longitudinal health intervention costs rather than solely initial costs for policy decisions to implement advanced radiation technology.