bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation to real 1/6 g moon gravity contributes to plant development and expeditious acclimation to super-freezing
Authors: Xie Gengxin , Zhang Yuanxun , Yang Jing , Yu Dengyun , Ren Maozhi , Qiu Dan , Zhong Zhihua
Published: March 2021

Understanding how terrestrial life responds to planet microgravity is essential for humankind’s ambitious solar system exploration. Using the life-regeneration ecosystem carried by Chang’e 4 probe landed on the Moon, for the first time in human history, we followed the life trajectory of an earth cotton seed germination, development, and final fate after long term exposure to super cold temperature. We compared this life trajectory on the moon to that on earth in a controlled environment with matching parameters, except that the gravity is different. We found that 1/6 g Moon gravity causes no significant interruption to seed germination speed, but slows down seedling growth and contributes to an apparently shortened hypocotyl and thinner cotyledon. Most surprisingly, Moon seedling showed expeditious acclimation to super-freezing under 1/6 g microgravity, remaining erect and green after exposure to long term super cold temperature during the lunar night. We propose plausible mechanisms for the cold resilience based on moon-microgravity induced cellular and molecular responses. These unique findings will extend our understanding of plant adaptive responses to space suboptimal environments.
Predicted impact of vaccination and active case finding measures to control epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a migrant-populated area in Thailand
Authors: Suphanchaimat Rapeepong , Nittayasoot Natthaprang , Thammawijaya Panithee , Teekasap Pard , Ungchusak Kamnuan
Published: March 2021

Background: Thailand experienced the first wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during March-May 2020 and was now facing the second wave of COVID-19 since December 2020. For the second wave, the intensity was more pronounced. The area faced the greatest hit was Samut Sakhon, a main migrant-receiving province in the country. Thus, the Thai Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) was now considering the initiation of vaccination strategies in combination with active face finding (ACF) in the epidemic area. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of various vaccination and ACF policy scenarios in terms of case reduction and deaths averted.Methods: The study obtained data mainly from the Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control (DDC), MOPH. Deterministic system dynamics and compartmental models were exercised. Basic reproductive number (R0) was estimated at 3 from the beginning. Vaccine efficacy against disease transmission was assumed to be 50%. A total of 10,000 people were estimated as an initial population size.Results: The findings showed that the greater the vaccination coverage was, the smaller the size of incident and cumulative cases. Compared with no-vaccination and no-ACF scenario, the 90%-vaccination coverage combined with 90%-ACF coverage contributed a reduction of cumulative cases by 33%. The case reduction benefit would be greater when R0 was smaller (⁓53% and ⁓51% when R0 equated 2 and 1.5 respectively).Conclusion: This study reaffirmed the idea that a combination of vaccination and ACF measures contributed to favourable results in reducing the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths, relative to the implementation of only a single measure. The greater the vaccination and ACF coverage was, the greater the volume of cases could be saved. Though we demonstrated the benefit of vaccination strategies in this setting, the actual implementation needs to consider many more policy angles, such as social acceptability, cost-effectiveness and operational feasibility. Further studies that address these topics based on empirical evidence are of great value.
Title: Characterization of gliadin, secalin and hordein using advance analytical techniques
Authors: Rani MONIKA , Sogi Dalbir Singh , Gill Balmeet Singh
Published: March 2021

Prolamins extracted from wheat, rye and barley cultivars were analysed for colour characteristics, SDS-PAGE, Amino Acid, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta Potential, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to elucidate the structure. Amino acid analysis showed significant variation among the prolamins and the predominant essential amino acids were found to be leucine, phenylalanine and valine whereas predominant non-essential amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine and aspartic acid. All the prolamins exhibited positive zeta-potential, however gliadin had a significantly higher zeta potential value. TEM studies of prolamins revealed the compact globular structure but gliadin also had rod-shaped structure. Morphology by SEM illustrated the globular particle arrangement in gliadin and sheet like arrangement in secalin and hordein. XRD pattern of prolamin showed the ordered crystalline domain of prolamin at 44.1°, 37.8° and 10.4°. The d-spacing obtained from XRD and TEM analysis also supports the crystalline domain of prolamin apart from amorphous domain.
The Climate Impact of the Drake Passage Opening From a Fluid Dynamics Point of View: the Role of Antarctic Glaciation
Authors: Vincze Miklos , Bozóki Tamás , Herein Mátyás , Borcia Ion Dan , Harlander Uwe , Horicsányi Attila , Nyerges Anita , Rodda Costanza , Pál András , Pálfy József
Published: March 2021

Pronounced global cooling around the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) was a pivotal event in Earth’s climate history, controversially associated with the opening of the Drake Passage. Using a physical laboratory model we revisit the fluid dynamics of this marked reorganization of ocean circulation. Here we show, seemingly contradicting paleoclimate records, that in our experiments opening the pathway yields higher values of mean water surface temperature than the "closed'" configuration. This mismatch points to the importance of the role ice albedo feedback plays in the investigated EOT-like transition, a component that is not captured in the laboratory model. Our conclusion is supported by numerical simulations performed in a global climate model (GCM) of intermediate complexity, where both "closed" and "open" configurations were explored, with and without active sea-ice dynamics. The GCM results indicate that sea surface temperatures would change in the opposite direction following an opening event in the two ice dynamics settings, and the results are therefore consistent both with the laboratory experiment (slight warming after opening) and the paleoclimatic data (pronounced cooling after opening). It follows that in the hypothetical case of an initially ice-free Antarctica the continent could have become even warmer after the opening, a scenario not indicated by paleotemperature reconstruction. These results provide circumstantial evidence supporting a particular EOT scenario in which Antarctica has already been -- at least partially -- covered with ice when the Drake Passage fully opened.
Feedbacks between global supply chain disruption and the spread of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Li Xingyu , Ghadami Amin , Drake John , Rohani Pejman , Epureanu Bogdan
Published: March 2021

The pandemic of COVID-19 has become one of the greatest threats to human health, causing severe disruptions in the global supply chain, and compromising health care delivery worldwide. Although government authorities sought to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, by restricting travel and in-person activities, failure to deploy time-sensitive strategies in ramping-up of critical resource production exacerbated the outbreak. Here, we analyze the interactive effects of supply chain disruption and infectious disease dynamics using coupled production and disease networks built on global data. We find that time-sensitive containment strategies could be created to balance objectives in pandemic control and economic losses, leading to a spatiotemporal separation of infection peaks that alleviate the societal impact of the disease. A lean resource allocation strategy is discovered that effectively counteracts the positive feedback between transmission and production such that stockpiles of health care resources may be manufactured and distributed to limit future shortage and disease. The study highlights the importance of cross-sectoral coordination and region-wise collaboration to optimally contain a pandemic while accounting for production.
Frontal increase of movement-related beta modulation is enhanced by visuo-motor learning
Authors: Tatti Elisa , Ferraioli Francesca , Peter Jaime , Alalade Tomi , Nelson Aaron Bruce , Ricci Serena , Quartarone Angelo , Ghilardi M. Felice
Published: March 2021

Recently we found that enhancements of movement-related beta (13.5–25 Hz) modulation (measured as event-related desynchronization peak to synchronization peak) during a simple reaching test (mov) occur over frontal and left sensorimotor regions after extended practice in a visuo-motor adaptation task (ROT) but not after similar duration practice in a visual learning task. Here we verify whether those enhancements are also trigged by motor practice alone or the additional learning component inherent in the visuo-motor adaptation task is needed. In healthy young subjects, beta modulation during mov increased over frontal and contralateral sensorimotor areas after three-hour practice of either ROT or reaching movements without visuo-motor adaptation (MOT). However, while the increase over the left area was similar after the two tasks, the frontal increase was greater after ROT practice. These findings confirm previous reports that extensive practice leaves local traces in beta power both at rest and during the subsequent execution of a motor test. They further suggest that, since they occur after motor tasks with (ROT) and without learning (MOT), these traces likely express the cost of processes necessary both for usage of these areas and for the engagement of long-term potentiation mechanisms necessary for creating new internal models.
GPU Accelerated Parallel Computing for Estimating Continuous Sky view Factor Map
Authors: li xiaojiang , Wang Guoqing
Published: March 2021

The sky view factor (SVF) that represents the fraction of visible sky on a hemisphere or the percentage of radiation reaching the planar ground in the entire hemisphere’s input radiation is an important parameter for urban climate studies. However, the estimation of a continuous SVF map is very time-consuming, which limits the applications of SVF to small geographical areas. This study proposed to use graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel computing to accelerate the computing of SVF in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. This study implemented and compared both the GPU-accelerated version and regular CPU version of two major methods for estimating continuous SVF maps, ray tracing-based algorithm and shadow casting-based algorithm based on the high-resolution building height model. Results show that the GPU-accelerated algorithms can reduce the time consumption dramatically and estimate the SVF map for the city of Philadelphia in less than 20 minutes on a personal computer with one NVIDIA GPU. The ray tracing-based algorithm has a much more efficiency increase than the shadow casting-based algorithm on GPU. The proposed method makes it possible to generate large-scale continuous SVF maps using regular personal computers with GPU. The proposed GPU-accelerated SVF estimation methods would benefit urban climate studies.
Postconditioning with Sevoflurane or Propofol Alleviate Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation, but Exert Dissimilar Effects on NR2B Subunit and Cognition
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Chen Bo , Guo Bianqin , Deng Xiaoyuan , Wang Bin , Dou Xiaoyun
Published: March 2021

Neuroinflammation can cause cognitive deficits, and pre-existing neuroinflammation is very common in the clinic after trauma, surgery, and infection. Patients with pre-existing neuroinflammation often need further medical treatment under general anesthesia. However, it is still unknown the effects of postconditioning with general anesthetics on the pre-existing neuroinflammation. In this study, adult rats were post-treated with sevoflurane or propofol after intracerebroventricular administration of lipopolysaccharide. The effects of sevoflurane or propofol postconditioning on neuroinflammation-induced recognition memory deficit were detected. Our results found that postconditioning with sevoflurane, but not propofol reversed the selective spatial recognition memory impairment induced by neuroinflammation, and these differential effects did not appear to be associated with the similar anti-neuroinflammatory response of general anesthetics. However, postconditioning with propofol induced a selective long-lasting upregulation of extrasynaptic NR2B-containing NMDARs in the dorsal hippocampus, which down-regulated the CREB signaling pathway, and impaired spatial recognition memory. Additionally, the NR2B antagonists, memantine and Ro2506981, reversed this neurotoxicity induced by propofol postconditioning. Altogether, these results indicate that under the pre-existing neuroinflammation, postconditioning with sevoflurane can provide reliable neuroprotection through attenuating LPS-induced neuroinflammation, apoptosis, neuronal loss, and eventually improving spatial recognition deficit. However, although posttreatment with propofol also have the same anti-neuroinflammatory effects, the neurotoxicity caused by propofol postconditioning following neuroinflammation deserves to be continuously concerned.
Tacrolimus Decreases Cognitive Function by Impairing Hippocampal Synaptic Balance: A Possible Role of Klotho
Authors: Shin Yoo Jin , Lim Sun Woo , Cui Sheng , Ko Eun Jeong , Chung Byung Ha , Kim Hong Lim , Riew Tae Ryong , Lee Mun Yong , YANG CHUL WOO
Published: March 2021

The influence of long-term tacrolimus treatment on cognitive function remains to be elucidated. Using chronic tacrolimus neurotoxicity in mice, we evaluated the influence of tacrolimus on cognitive function, synaptic balance, its regulating protein (Klotho), and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Compared to vehicle-treated mice, tacrolimus-treated mice showed significantly decreased hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory function. Furthermore, tacrolimus caused synaptic imbalance as demonstrated by decreased excitatory synapses and increased inhibitory synapses, and downregulated Klotho in a dose-dependent manner; its downregulation was localized to excitatory hippocampal synapses. Moreover, tacrolimus increased oxidative stress and was associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in the hippocampus. The present results indicate that tacrolimus impairs cognitive function via synaptic imbalance, and that these processes are associated with Klotho downregulation at synapses through tacrolimus-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
A Multidimensional Model of Healthy Ageing: Proposal and Evaluation of Determinants Based on a Population Survey in Ecuador.
Authors: Rivadeneira María Fernanda , Mendieta María José , Villavicencio Jessica , Caicedo José , Buendía Patricio
Published: March 2021

Background: Healthy ageing is a complex construct, which involves multiple dimensions. The objective of this study was to design a multidimensional model of healthy ageing and to identify its determinants from national data in Ecuador. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out from the National Survey of Health and Well-being of the Older Adult, 2010. Sample was 1797 adults aged 65 years or more (sample expanded to 898,152). A multidimensional model was designed based on the domains involved in the concept of healthy ageing from the World Organization Health´s approach, and the environment dimension. For the analysis, two groups were created per bi-stage cluster: healthy ageing and less healthy ageing. The probability of belonging to the healthiest group was analyzed with bivariate and multivariate logit for complex samples.Results: The 53.15% of the sample was classified in the healthy ageing group. Women and the poorest older adults are less likely to be in the healthy ageing group (OR 0.58; CI 95% 0.464 - 0.737; OR 0.44; CI 95% 0.343 - 0.564). Older adults with secondary education or higher, who consider their health as excellent and who are satisfied with their life have a greater probability of being in healthy ageing (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.586 - 4.309; OR 28.49; 95% CI 3.623 - 224.02; OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.165 - 0.341). Conclusions: The model of healthy ageing addresses multidimensional variables which are summarized in three components: the intrinsic capacity, referring to the physical and mental health, the social and political environment, and the interaction of the elderly with the environment. It was found that the poorest older adults and women are less likely to belong to the healthiest group. Healthy aging plans must focus on socioeconomic conditions and gender equity.
Relationship Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Sarcopenia
Authors: Yu Ming-Dian , Zhang Hui-Zhen , Zhang Yu , Yang Sheng-Ping , Lin Miao , Zhang Yan-Min , Wu Jia-Bin , Hong Fu-Yuan , Chen Wen-Xin
Published: March 2021

Few studies have investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and mild to moderate renal decline. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sarcopenia. In total, 123 patients hospitalized with CKD and 57 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examination during the same period (control group) were analyzed. Body compositions were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the relative appendicular skeletal muscle index (RASMI) was calculated. Muscular strength was evaluated using a pinch meter. Walking speed within 6 m was measured for muscular function assessment. Single-photon emission computed tomography was performed to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of CKD patients, who were then divided into CKD1 (55 patients in CKD stages 1 and 2) and CKD2 (68 patients in CKD stages 3-5). The incidence rates of sarcopenia were significantly higher in the CKD1 (40.0%) and CKD2 (55.9%) groups than in the control group (19.3%) (P<0.05). RASMI showed a downward trend with CKD progression (P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and CKD progression were independent risk factors for sarcopenia. The morbidity of sarcopenia was significantly greater in CKD patients than in healthy volunteers, and the degree of muscle loss was closely related to CKD progression.
Evaluating the implementation of a primary care intervention to reduce prescriptions of benzodiazepines (BENZORED IV)
Authors: Socias Isabel , Leiva Alfonso , Pombo-Ramos Haizea , Bejarano Ferran , Sempere-Verdú Ermengol , Rodríguez-Rincón Raquel María , Fiol Francisca , Mengual Marta , Ajenjo-Navarro Asunción , Pazo Fernando Do , Mateu Catalina , Folch Silvia , Alegret Santiago , Coll Jose Maria , Martín-Rabadán María , Vicens Caterina
Published: March 2021

Background: General practitioners (GPs) in developed countries widely prescribe benzodiazepines (BZDs) for their anxiolytic, hypnotic, and muscle-relaxant effects. Treatment duration, however, is rarely limited and this results in a significant number of chronic users. Long-term BZD use is associated with cognitive impairment, falls with hip fractures, traffic accidents, and increased mortality. The BENZORED IV trial was a hybrid type 1 trial conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of an intervention to reduce BZD prescription in primary care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to analyze facilitator and barriers to implement the intervention to primary care settings.Methods: Focus group meetings with GPs from the intervention arm of the BENZORED IV trial were held at primary healthcare centers in the three districts. For sampling purposes, the GPs were classified as high or low implementers according to the success of the intervention measured at 12 months. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to conduct the meetings and to code, rate and analyze the dataResults: Three of the 41 CFIR constructs strongly distinguished between high and low implementers: The complexity in the intervention, the individual Stage of Change and the key stakeholder’s engagement. Seven constructs weakly discriminated between the two groups: the adaptability in the intervention, the external policy and incentives, the implementation climate, the relative priority, the self-efficacy and formally appointed implementation leader engaging. Fourteen constructs did not discriminate between the two groups, six had insufficient data for evaluation, and eleven had no data for evaluation.Conclusion: We identified constructs that could explain the variation in the implementation of the intervention, this information is relevant to design successful implementation strategies to implement the intervention.
Transient Silence of VvCSN5 Enhances Powdery Mildew Resistance in Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera)
Authors: Cui Kai-Cheng , Liu Min , Ke Gui-Hua , Zhang Xing-Yuan , Mu Bo , Zhou Min , Hu Yang , Wen Ying-Qiang
Published: March 2021

As one of the most economically important fruit crops in the world, grapevine (Vitis vinifera) suffers significant yield losses from many pathogens including powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. By contrast, several wild Chinese grapevines including Vitis pseudoreticulata accession ‘Baihe-35-1’ exhibit a high resistance to powdery mildew pathogen. Here, we identified a grapevine gene CSN5 (COP9 signalosome complex subunit 5), designated VvCSN5, which showed different expression patterns in ‘Baihe-35-1’ and in susceptible cultivar V. vinifera ‘Thompson Seedless’ during powdery mildew isolate En NAFU1 infection. Moreover, transient silence of VvCSN5 in ‘Thompson Seedless’ leaves enhanced resistance to En NAFU1, which is accompanied by cell wall deposition at the attempt sites, and hypersensitive response-like cell death of penetrated epidermal cells. Several defense-related marker genes (VvPR1, VvPR3, VvPAD4, and VvRBOHD) had higher basal expression levels in VvCSN5-silenced leaves. In addition, we found the structure and activity of CSN5 promoters in ‘Thompson Seedless’ and ‘Baihe-35-1’ were discrepant, which may be one of the reasons for their different resistance to powdery mildew infection. Taken together, these results imply that grapevine CSN5 plays an important role in the responses to powdery mildew.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Over the Past 40 Years: a Global Analysis and Review of the Most Highly Cited Articles
Authors: Jiang Buchan , Wei Cong , Zhang Wenchao , George Daniel M , Tang Ning , Huang Tianlong
Published: March 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to use citation analysis to identify the top 100 papers in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and report the qualities and characteristics of the most influential articles in UKA research.Methods: UKA–related articles published from 1950 to June 2020 were identified using multiple databases. The 100 most cited articles were selected for further analysis of citation count, citation density, current citation rate, authorship, theme, geographic distribution, level of evidence, and network analysis.Results: The top 100 articles' publication dates ranged from 1980 to 2015, with the largest number in the 2000s. Total citations per article ranged from 65 to 473. The USA was the most productive country, but England led the race in terms of citations. The Bone & Joint Journal was the most prolific journal with 25 articles. Price AJ was the most productive first author and corresponding author. The most popular study theme was therapeutic research, followed by prognostic research. The most common level of evidence was level IV. The network analysis connoted that follow-up study had the highest degree of centrality.Conclusions: The study of UKA is steadily evolving. It could be predicted that there will be an increasing number of publications on UKA research in the following years according to the current global trends, the United States and England will likely maintain leadership in this area. Meanwhile, further prospective studies are required to better recognize the prognosis of UKA procedures.
Differential Gene Expression in Patients With Prostate Cancer and in Patients With Parkinson Disease: an Example of Inverse Comorbidity
Authors: Pepe Pietro , Vetrano Simona , Cannarella Rossella , Calogero Aldo E , Marchese Giovanna , Ravo Maria , Fraggetta Filippo , Pepe Ludovica , Pennisi Michele , Romano Corrado , Ferri Raffaele , Salemi Michele
Published: March 2021

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death in Western countries. Environmental and genetic factors play a pivotal role in PCa etiology. Timely identification of the genetic causes is useful for an early diagnosis. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative movement disorder; it is associated with the presence of Lewy bodies (LBs) and genetic factors are involved in its pathogenesis. Several studies have indicated that the expression of target genes in patients with PD is inversely related to cancer development; this phenomenon has been named “inverse comorbidity”. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether a genetic dysregulation occurs in opposite directions in patients with PD or PCa. In the present study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome analysis was used to assess whether a genetic dysregulation in opposite directions occurs in patients with PD or PCa. The genes SLC30A1, ADO, SRGAP2C, and TBC1D12 resulted up-regulated in patients with PD compared to healthy donors as controls and down-regulated in patients with PCa compared with the same control group. These results support the hypothesis of the presence of inverse comorbidity between PD and PCa.
“Hesitating and puzzling”: The experiences and decision process of acute ischaemic stroke patients with prehospital delay after the onset of symptoms
Authors: Wang¹ pao yu , Tsao² Lee-Ing , Lin² Mei-Hsiang , Chen³ Yu-Wei , Lo⁴ Ying-Tao
Published: March 2021

Background
Despite campaigns to increase public awareness of stroke symptoms by advocating FAST(Face-Arms-Speech-Time), some stroke patients still show delays in the recognition of and response to stroke symptoms and miss the golden first 4.5 hours to receive rt-PA treatment. The aim of this study was to explore how acute ischaemic stroke patients with prehospital delay seek help and undergo the decision process before arriving at the hospital.
Methods
A qualitative approach using a grounded theory was applied. There were 24 ischaemic stroke patients recruited by purposive sampling.
Results
“Hesitating and puzzling” was the core category to describe and guide the process of acute ischaemic stroke patients with prehospital delay. During this process, “Sudden loss of physical limbs sensation and dysfunction” was identified as the antecedent condition. This process would be marked by action and interaction among the following categories: “Self-judgement and self-rationalization”, “Self-treatment and seek medical attention nearby”, “Puzzling and doubting-it may only be a minor problem”, “Worse symptoms” needing immediate advanced medical help and “Rush to nearby ER-self-alerting that serious disease is coming”. Eventually, the patients would be informed that they were admitted to the ER too late to receive rt-PA and would become sad, melancholy and regretful about becoming a disable person.
Conclusions
The study emphasizes the importance of educating the community residents about identifying stroke symptoms and seeking medical attention immediately. These results will assist the healthcare providers by offering references for designing patient-centric educational strategies for preventing stroke pre-hospital delay to improve the quality of stroke medical care.
The impact of quarantine duration on psychological outcomes and vaccination intention during the second outbreak of COVID-19 in China
Authors: Chen Lele , Xia Yuxin , Wang Dingding , Zhou Renlai
Published: March 2021

Objectives

A second outbreak of COVID-19 happened in China. We assessed the impact of quarantine duration on psychological outcomes and vaccination intention.
Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was employed. Participants were invited to complete the measurement of quarantine duration, social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing (WHO-5), and vaccination intention. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between quarantine duration and social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing, as well as vaccination intention.
Results

Of the 944 participants, 17.2% (7.8% quarantined for 1–7 days and 9.4% quarantined for > 7 days) of the sample have been quarantined. Quarantine for 1–7 days raised the social distancing(β = 2.61 95% CI 1.90–3.33) and vaccination intention (OR = 2.16 95% CI 1.22–3.82) .While quarantine for > 7 days was associated with the increases the social distancing(β = 3.00 95% CI 2.37–3.64) and psychological distress (β = 1.03 95% CI 0.22–1.86), and the decrease of wellbeing(β = 1.27 95% CI 0.29–2.26).
Conclusions

Longer quarantine duration reported a greater impact on social distancing and psychological distress, and a poorer wellbeing during the second COVID-19 pandemic. Quarantine for 1–7 days associated with the increase of vaccination intention. The duration of quarantine should be considered when preparing for immunization programs and preventing psychological disorders during COVID-19 pandemic.
Humour styles influence the perceived valence, humour, and beneficial use of depressive internet memes in depression
Authors: Akram Umair , Gardner Kathryn , Drabble Jennifer , Jabs Nicola-Maria
Published: March 2021

Previous research highlights the potential benefits of engaging with depressive internet memes for those experiencing symptoms of depression, a phenomenon that can be explained in part by the humorous interpretation of depressive stimuli and a perceived sense of social support through the normalisation of depressive symptoms. This study examined whether individuals experiencing significant depressive symptoms would differ from controls in their interpretation of internet memes related to depression, whilst incorporating the mediating role of humour style. N = 78 individuals with self-reported depressive symptoms (indicating ≥24 on the CES-D) and 67 controls (indicating ≤23) rated the emotional valance, humour, relatability, shareability, and mood improving potential of 32 depressive and control internet memes (depicting general neutral or positive social commentaries). Measures of depression and humour style were also completed. The perception of humour, relatability, shareability and mood improving potential of depressive, but not control, memes were all greater amongst individuals with symptoms of depression relative to controls. However, for ratings of humour, relatability and mood improving potential, these differences were mediated by the extent of ones self-defeating humour style. These outcomes further evidence benefits of engaging with depressive internet memes for those with depression.
Morphology, development stages, and phylogeny of the Rhabditolaimus ulmi (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), a phoront of the bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus from the elm Ulmus glabra Huds. in Northwest Russia
Authors: Ryss Alexander Y. , Polyanina Kristina S. , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Subbotin Sergei A.
Published: March 2021

The nematode Rhabditolaimus ulmi was found in galleries, adults, and larvae of Scolytus multistriatus, the vector of the Dutch elm disease, in St. Petersburg parks. This nematode co-occurred with Bursaphelenchus ulmophilus, which is another phoretic partner of S. multistriatus. Nematodes were cultured on the fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana in potato sugar agar (PA) and used for morphological analyses of adults, juveniles, eggs, and dauers. Nematode females showed a didelphic female genital tract rather than a monoprodelphic gonad as reported in the original description. Male bursa peloderan, caudal papillae include three preanal pairs and one precloacal unpaired papillae; seven postanal papilla pairs, among which one is pore-like and possibly the phasmid homolog, one subdorsal, and a pair of three closely situated posteriorly at bursa alae. The juvenile stages differ in size and structure of their sexual primordia. Sex of juveniles may be identified from the third stage. The dauer juvenile is a phoretic third juvenile stage (DJ3), which enters and remains localized in the buccal cavity of beetle adults and last-instar larvae and also under the elytra and in the ovipositor’s cavity of pupae and imagoes. The first molt J1-J2 occurred inside the eggshell. Adult females laid eggs in early stages of embryonic development or containing molted J2. The propagative non-phoretic J2 inside the egg and J3 have a long and well-developed median bulb. The phoretic dauer DJ3 has a small spherical bulb like the J1 juvenile within the egg. In a sterile fungal culture, the nematodes feed on both mycelium and their unidentified ecto-symbiotic bacteria, located on nematode surface coat and multiplying in PA. Diagnosis and tabular key to the Rhabditolaimus species are given. Phylogenetic analysis of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences resulted in the Bayesian consensus tree with the highly supported clade of the Rhabditolaimus species.
Do the buyback contracts of undistributed stocks coordinate the supply chain?
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Berezinets Irina V. , Zenkevich Nikolay A. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Rucheva Alina S. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Nikolchenko Natalia K. ,   LLC “GSP-Komplektatsia”
Published: March 2021

The concept of supply chain coordination implies that it is possible to obtain an optimal result for both independent chain participants and supply chain due to participants’ coordinated actions. This paper examines the question whether a buyback contract will be coordinating or not. The authors argue that a coordinating buyback contract should have the following substantive properties: practical feasibility, collective and individual rationality. The paper off ers a mathematical defi nition of a coordinating buyback contract which highlights these properties. Entering into buyback contract process is considered as a two-step game of two players (a supplier and retailer) on the assumption that the players are risk neutral and make decisions with full information available, the market price is fixed, and the product demand is a random variable. The authors demonstrate that the buyback contract does not coordinate the chain, however, there has been obtained a non-empty set of eff ective contracts depending on the buyback price. For such contracts, the defi nition of “conditional coordination” is given to introduce the property of a supplier’s partial rationality; its existence was proved. The findings reveal that the choice of buyback price affects the allocation of profits between chain participants so the decision on its choice must be cooperative. To substantiate the nature of cooperative choice of conditionally coordinating contracts, the asymmetric Nash solution is considered. All results were obtained both in general terms and under the assumption that the product demand has uniform distribution. For the latter case, the conditionally coordinating contract parameters were found and it was justified that the conclusion of such a contract is possible only when a supplier has greater bargain power than a retailer.
Analytic hierarchy process based method for delegating authority and responsibility in an organization
Authors:   International Institute of Design and Service, Shageev Denis A.
Published: March 2021

There are only a few scientific sources in domestic and foreign citation databases where the methodical aspects on the topic of delegation of authority and responsibility in the organization at the average and higher levels have been elaborated. Today there is a need for further development of the delegation methods in economic and management science. The decisions made on delegation should have practical applicability, efficiency, possibility of integration with information technologies and mathematical methods, availability of a clear algorithm, the ability to confi rm or disprove the need for delegation by a set of different methods, the ability to assess the effect (effectiveness) of decisions. A methodology for delegating authority and responsibility in an organization based on the hierarchy analysis method that meets these requirements is proposed. The paper presents the results of the methodology approbation in a large commercial networks of one of the Russian megacity. Two problem situations of the network which required effective management decisions through the delegation of authority and responsibility were studied with the help of the developed logical algorithm. Th e analytic hierarchy process based method was used to implement delegation process by means of the Mpriority computer program. The results of delegation led to positive changes in performance indicators. The first situation showed a signifi cant reduction in the indicators of delayed orders and complaints, conflicts with customers, expressed in monetary terms. The second situation showed the increase in the customer base and profit growth. After solving both problems, the users of the method confi rmed its relevance.
Functional-and-behavior communicative approaches in linguistics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kasevich Vadim B.
Published: March 2021

Linguists are increasingly turning to approaches that say that language has no phonology per se, but one should speak about the phonology of speech production, speech perception and language acquisition. The same applies to morphology, syntax and smaller structures in the general architectonics of language/speech grammar. Nowadays, there is no descriptionof grammar/phonology that would illustrate this logic. In the most general way, these approaches can be designated as behavioristic. It is argued here that oblivion of the principles of classical linguistics results in contradictions, unsolvable theoretical problems and delusions. Appeal to phonetics in the narrow sense of the term is unavoidable in modeling speech production, when reproducing from the “meaning to text” transition. The meaning is obviously immaterial, but the same cannot be said about the text. Another transition that in recent years began to be dealt with in linguistic literature on a par with Lev Shcherba’s “aspects”, is “text to language system”. The point of departure here is not easy to define, especially in the case of a natural speech. Two solutions are possible, one based on Chomsky’s postulation of the innate character of language, the other admitting a kind of recursive mechanism capable of “self-expanding” as a result of an infinite number of iterations. As a solution, a combination of two levels may be proposed, prehonological and phonological (resp. semantic and presemantic) which will be resonsible for both transitions.
Slavistics at St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities (results of cooperation)
Authors:   Institut für Slawistik, der Universität Greifswald, Walter Harry , Mokienko Valerij  M. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2021

The article offers a review on the history of Slavic studies at St. Petersburg and Greifswald universities from the era of Peter the Great to present day. The role of Professor Lyudmila Verbitskaya is highlighted who always actively supported the activities of the Department of Slavic Philology (for example, she approved the initiative to create a department of Ukrainian studies in the early 2000s). Thanks Verbitskaya, St. Petersburg University was historically recognized as the first university in Russia founded by Peter the Great in 1724, which was proven by archival materials stored in Greifswald. Peter the Great, in the assembly hall of the University of Greifswald in September 1712, at a meeting of the Academic Council received a proposal from the President of the German Academy of Sciences Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz on the establishment of a university in St. Petersburg with a European status. The status of the first university was officially recognized by a decree of the Government of the Russian Fed- eration in 1999 when the 275th anniversary of the founding of St. Petersburg State University was celebrated. As the Rector of St. Petersburg University, Verbitskaya in 2006 concluded an inter-university agreement with the Rector of the University of Greifswald Professor Jürgen Kohler. Slavic scholars and professors from St. Petersburg and Greifswald Universities collaborate closely. One of the active pedagogical and scientific areas of such cooperation is Slavic studies, which have long combined the efforts of Russian and German philologists.
About the role of MAPRYAL in the development of Spanish Russian studies (2000–2020)
Authors:   University of Granada, Guzman Tirado Rafael
Published: March 2021

The article analyzes the activities of MAPRYAL aimed at the development of Spanish Russian studies. The first part of the article provides a brief description of the genesis of Spanish Russian studies and the key stages of its formation related to geographical, historical and political factors. The second part is devoted to the role of MAPRYAL in the spread of the Russian language in the Spanish-speaking world, in particular, measures to support Russian studies at the University of Granada. The article notes that, in many respects, thanks to close and fruitful cooperation with MAPRYAL, Spanish Russian studies took the leading positions in the world, as evidenced by successfully hosting the XIII MAPRYAL Congress in Granada in 2015. The article analyzes some of the contributions of the University of Granada to Russian studies in the world. An important role in the fate of Russian studies at the University of Granada was played by the creation in 2004 of the research group HUM 827 “Slavistics, Caucasian Studies, Typology of Languages”, which became a collective member of MAPRYAL and actively participated in organizing many events dedicated to the dissemination of the Russian language and literature. Particular attention in the article is paid to the personal contribution to the development of Spanish Russian studies by Lyudmila Verbitskaya — not only as President of MAPRYAL, but also as a person who has passionately loved the Russian language and devoted her life to promoting it in Russia and in the world.
Organizational issues of re-socialization in penitentiary psychiatry (analytical review)
Authors:   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of the Health of the Russian Federation, Fedonnikov Alexander , Nilova Anzhelika ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of the Health of the Russian Federation, Andriyanova Elena ,   Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky of the Ministry of the Health of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the medical and social rehabilitation and resocialization provision for persons in the space of penitentiary psychiatry. The article analyzes the data of Russian and foreign sources, including the regulatory framework, considers the principles of providing psychiatric care to persons who commit socially dangerous acts (SDA) and suffering from mental disorders. The existing approaches to resocialization and adaptation of persons after serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment in the post-penitentiary space are analyzed. The principles of providing psychiatric care in correctional institutions with the use of regulations governing the appointment and implementation of compulsory medical treatment measures (CMTM) in correctional institutions are noted. The data reflecting the organizational approaches and possibilities of medical and social rehabilitation and resocialization for the studied category of persons on the basis of legal, medical and social criteria are analyzed and presented in the form of the author’s matrix. The need to develop and use tools for online communication based on digital technologies in the process of organizing psychiatric care for the specified contingent of persons is substantiated in order to create conditions for effective medical and social rehabilitation as well as re-socialization in the post-penitentiary space.
Value proposition of Russian airlines: Drivers and directions of transformation
Authors:   Graduate School of Business, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Filinov Nikolay B. , Fokeev Maxim A. ,   Graduate School of Business, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: March 2021

One of the hardest hits by anti-coronavirus restrictions is the air transport market. Post-crisis recovery leads carriers to identification of changes consumer behavior of passengers and, therefore, transform the value proposition. This change has been happened in the past. In this case, analysis of nowadays situation is unable without research of airlines value proposition in the last 30–40 years. In the study, based on content-analysis of 902 articles from Web of Science and Scopus we identified main directions of airline value proposition development. Empirical study was based on Russian passenger’s airline market, where from the carriers perspective using complex case-study method we identified main directions of post-crisis value proposition evolution, from the passenger’s side — using survey of 808 respondents identified perception degree of such changes and their significance for the passenger when choosing an airline. Empirical results demonstrate that airlines choose to expand the number of available services for passengers, which allows them to attract new groups of passengers and increase their loyalty. At the same time, from the passenger perspective, such expansion doesn’t differentiate carriers n the passengers mind, but rather complicates consumer choice.
Сonsumer food choice: Factors, current state and expected changes
Authors:   Graduate School of Business, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Nedelko Anastasiia Yu. , Tretyak Olga A. ,   Graduate School of Business, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Lavrova Alexandra Yu. ,   Graduate School of Business, National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: March 2021

Consumer food choice is based on many factors. As income-related restrictions decrease, the range of factors ceases to be limited only by price factors and is complemented by a number of non-price factors. The article provides a critical literature review of internal and external factors affecting consumer choice, including the proposed transformation of the composition and priority of factors in an economic recession and pandemic. As a result, authors obtain classification with factors considered in terms of declared, behavioral and physiological types of information. The allocation of various information types allows to focus on factors that require additional research using different methods of information collection. Specific factors that influence the food choice among youth, which are necessary for the formation and adjustment of food habits during adulthood, are considered separately. The authors propose a starting point for a comparative analysis of the factors influencing the consumers food choice, particularly in case of rapid environmental changes. In the article, a new research agenda, requires additional discussion and attention, is proposed and structured. The results could be useful for brand manufacturers and retailers developing their marketing strategies, as well as for adjusting government restrictions on the consumption of unhealthy and stimulating healthy foods.