bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prototipe Alat Penyortir Telur Berdasarkan Warna dan Ukuran
Authors: Lailatulfath Nurul , Rahmah Maila , Sutanto Willi , Nadhira Vebi
Published: November 2021

Berdasarkan survei di Peternakan PT Johnson?s Farm, kegiatan sortir telur dilakukan secara manual mengandalkan subjektivitas manusia. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, prototipe alat penyortir telur telah dibuat untuk memilah telur berdasarkan warna dan ukuran agar didapatkan hasil seragam. Prototipe ini dilengkapi dengan sensor inframerah sebagai pendeteksi keberadanan telur, sensor warna TCS3200 sebagai pendeteksi warna kerabang telur, sensor jarak HC-SR04 sebagai pendeteksi diameter minor telur, dan motor servo SG-90 sebagai pemilah hasil sortir. Prototipe ini terpasang pada sebuah sistem konveyor agar penyortir berjalan secara otomatis. Sensor jarak HC-SR04 dan sensor warna TCS3200 diletakkan pada bagian awal konveyor dengan ketinggian yang tetap untuk mendeteksi karakteristik telur. Hasil sortir dipisahkan ke dalam enam kategori. Keenam kategori tersebut yakni telur coklat jumbo, telur putih jumbo, telur coklat normal, telur putih normal, telur coklat kecil, dan telur putih kecil. Dalam menyortir 21 sampel telur yang bervariatif, sensor HC-SR04 memiliki persentase keberhasilan sebesar 98,1% dan sensor TCS3200 memiliki persentase keberhasilan sebesar 72,4%. Prototipe telah bekerja dengan baik dengan persentase rata-rata keberhasilan sebesar 72,4%. Hasil tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberhasilan kedua sensor dalam mendeteksi telur.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Penentuan Mutu Buah Lemon Berbasis Pengolahan Citra
Authors: Arifandi Muhammad Reza , Zahra Naila , Juliastuti Endang
Published: November 2021

Lemon merupakan buah yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan dapat dinilai kualitasnya berdasarkan kematangan, ukuran, dan cacat. Warna dan ukuran adalah parameter utama bagi konsumen dalam menentukan kualitas lemon. Saat ini, mayoritas proses penentuan mutu lemon di Indonesia masih dilakukan secara manual. Penentuan mutu lemon secara manual merupakan pekerjaan yang melelahkan dan memakan banyak waktu dan biaya. Sebuah sistem penentuan mutu lemon secara otomatis dapat mengurangi biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh petani untuk tenaga kerja. Pada penelitian ini akan dibuat sebuah sistem yang dapat menentukan tingkatan mutu lemon dengan menganalisa warna dan ukuran lemon. Sistem yang dirancang terdiri dari komputer Raspberry Pi 2B, kamera, dan sistem pencahayaan untuk pengambilan dan pemrosesan citra lemon. Tiga jenis klasifikasi dilakukan oleh sistem, yaitu klasifikasi berdasarkan ukuran, warna, dan ada tidaknya cacat. Dengan metode tersebut, sistem yang dibuat memiliki performa yang cukup baik yaitu sebesar 47,08%. Sistem yang dibuat dapat mengukur diameter lemon dengan akurasi sebesar 98,79%, dan dapat menentukan mutu dalam waktu 0,343 detik.
Strategic Implants under Existing Partial Removable Dentures, Why, How Many, and Which Type?
Authors: Al Jaghsi Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Inserting strategic implants under existing removable partial dentures requires a comprehensive understanding of removable prosthodontic basics and possible designs, as well as a thorough understanding of implant therapy. Prior to the widespread adoption of implants as standard prosthetic therapy, remaining roots were preserved and used to minimize bone resorption under the removable denture. Root-supported overdentures become less common after the overwhelming clinical studies that emphasize dental implants’ reliability and high success and survival rate. Fixed prostheses cannot be used to treat a severely decreased dentition unless a significant number of implants can be inserted, sufficient bone quantity and quality are available, and the patients can afford the treatment. On the other hand, using strategic implants under existing RPD upgrades the design to a more favorable support type. It improves patient satisfaction with the RPD in speaking, chewing, retention, stability, and RPD support. This improvement could be reached earlier if the patient received immediate loading. Strategic implants can also improve chewing ability, stabilize the occlusion, increase bite force and improve patient oral health-related quality of life. Moreover, better distribution of occlusal forces that may reduce bone resorption may be gained. Furthermore, strategic implants can improve comfort, confidence, and esthetics by reducing the RPD size and removing the retainers from the esthetic zone.
Occurrence and Impact of Heavy Metals on Some Water, Land, Flora and Fauna Resources across Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinnifesi Olufemi , Adesina Femi , Ogunwole Germaine , Abiya Sylvanus
Published: November 2021

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in communities of Nigeria contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Amongst the diversity of these environmental contaminants are heavy metals, a rarely biodegradable and toxic class of metals. Heavy metals are known to be harmful to plants, aquatic species, and subsequently endanger human health through bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Even at low concentrations, heavy metals may affect key soil microbial processes; inhibit plant metabolism and growth. Toxic metals in groundwater affect water quality and potability, and their presence in aquatic systems also facilitate the production of reactive oxygen species that can damage physiological processes in fishes and other aquatic organisms. This chapter highlights the occurrence and impact of heavy metals in different environmental matrices and organisms sampled across some Southwestern states in Nigeria. Various studies including those of the authors found varying levels of heavy metals, especially in concentrations that can imperil ecosystem functions. While results of studies included in this chapter may suggest heavy metal introduction through anthropogenic-urbanization means, the lack of proper implementation of environmental monitoring laws in Nigeria also clearly exist. As such, the mitigation of heavy metals amongst other pollutants demands better home-grown decentralized technologies.
Open Fetal Surgery and Fetoscopic Repair in Spina Bifida and Myelomeningocele in Romania
Authors: Rahimian Hadi , Ana Maria Rahimian Ramona , Vladareanu Radu
Published: November 2021

Spina bifida and myelomeningocele, although frequent, present difficulties when it comes to diagnosis and clinical management. The recent developments in ultrasound and MRI technologies and software, allow for an easier and more precise diagnosis. As such, in the first part of our chapter we will present general information, such as etiology, pathophysiology and methods of diagnosis. Fetal surgery, open or fetoscopic, represents a cure in most cases of spina bifida and in other cases reduces the chances of major developmental issues in babies born with this affliction. In the second part of our chapter, we will present the surgical protocols for both procedures, the indications, and the statistics that we have acquired in the cases we have diagnosed and operated on in the Regina Maria Maternity Hospital, Bucharest, the only center in Romania where these procedures are available.
Memorial de formação, aperfeiçoamento e pós-graduação
Authors: Trevisan Amarildo Luiz
Published: November 2021

O texto que o leitor tem as mãos resulta de uma síntese do memorial apresentado à banca de concurso público para professor titular do quadro permanente de docentes da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM - realizado em abril de 2016. Tentei apresentar nele as linhas básicas da minha formação, aperfeiçoamento e inserção em eventos, projetos de pesquisa, ensino e extensão nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação da UFSM. O objetivo da reflexão visa a corresponder ao desafio de repensar uma estrutura simétrica de reconhecimento na relação teoria e prática da formação e, do mesmo modo, entre universidade e escola, assentado num processo de correspondência recíproca na construção de novos conhecimentos no campo da formação, dos saberes docentes e do aperfeiçoamento dos cursos de licenciatura e pós-graduação. A diretriz consiste em reverter, por um lado, os dilemas da compreensão separada da teoria e prática na formação encetada pela pedagogia das competências que, ao privilegiar o polo da prática em detrimento da teoria, construiu uma estrutura assimétrica de reconhecimento, na medida em que esvaziou a prática de sentido e a transformou em procedimento exclusivamente técnico e praticista. Ao mesmo tempo é possível dizer, por outro lado, que está presente aí uma reivindicação da prática no campo pedagógico ainda não suficientemente problematizada ou explorada, a qual não se pode sonegar. A virada da prática, que ocorreu no coração da modernidade, encontra aqui os seus reflexos, não da melhor maneira é claro, na adoção da proposta de educação e avaliação por competências pelos sistemas de ensino. Sendo assim, dadas algumas insuficiências dessas saídas, a proposta pode auxiliar na compreensão de como é representada a prática educativa e a performance do professor no discurso da própria docência em atuação na escola básica. Isto tornaria possível tomar o mundo da vida do cotidiano escolar como objeto de reflexão filosófica, no sentido do autoesclarecimento pedagógico.
Memorial 2007-2017: professor titular
Authors: Bolzan Dóris Pires Vargas
Published: November 2021

Neste texto apresento minha trajetória pessoal e os destaques de minha trajetória profissional na universidade. Nasci na cidade de Porto Alegre onde vivi até o ano de 1993. Sou a quarta filha de uma família de seis crianças e meus pais foram servidores públicos. Minha trajetória formativa foi na escola pública gaúcha, como a maioria das pessoas da minha geração. Cresci em meio a professoras e estar na escola costumava ser algo bastante comum. Entre livros e muitas brincadeira, tornei-me professora de crianças pequenas e tive o privilégio de estar na escola básica durante quinze anos. Depois a vida me trouxe à Santa Maria e aqui estou há vinte e quatro anos. Assim, vou contando sobre os caminhos trilhados para me constituir docente e pesquisadora na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e conquistar o último grau da carreira universitária, professora titular do Departamento de Metodologia do Ensino. Neste setor acadêmico estive lotada provisoriamente por três anos, quando ainda era vinculada à Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, como professora do Colégio de Aplicação. Depois, por meio de um concurso público, dediquei-me à docência na educação superior e à pesquisa, nesta universidade definitivamente. Alcançar na carreira universitária a titularidade, por mérito acadêmico, é uma conquista recente. Antes esse mérito só seria conferido ao professor mediante um novo concurso público. Portanto, está conquista é um reconhecimento pelos anos de dedicação ao trabalho e a pesquisa que os professores podem alcançar. Por isso, sinto-me honrada.
Vibration reduction of continuous moving loads on a nonlinear simple beam resting on an elastic foundation
Authors: Wang Yi-Ren , Hung Chien-Chun , Huang Hsin
Published: November 2021

This technical note investigates a hinged-hinged nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on an elastic foundation subjects to moving loads. The method of multiple scales (MOMS) is employed to analyze this nonlinear beam model. The fixed points plots are made to identify the system's internal resonance. The frequency ratio plot is proposed to predict the system internal resonance conditions. This study improved the author's earlier work for a wider range of prediction on internal resonance conditions. The continuous concentrated moving loads are applied to this nonlinear beam model. The dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) is attached on the beam to reduce vibration and prevent internal resonance. The mass, spring constant and location of the DVA are studied to obtain the best damping effect on the nonlinear beam with moving loads. The results are verified by numerical results and ANSYS simulations.
Pervivencia e influencia de los mitos fundacionales del franquismo en los textos escolares de la enseñanza secundaria castellanoleonesa
Authors: Ibáñez Llorente Sergio , Alonso-Centeno Almudena
Published: November 2021

Mientras la historiografía avanza en el desmantelamiento del enfoque franquista sobre la República y la Guerra, cabría preguntarse si la bibliografía escolar abandona al mismo ritmo los presupuestos del canon franquista e incluye el enfoque crítico de los especialistas. La presente investigación tiene por objetivo averiguar el alcance de estos dos fenómenos, a través del análisis crítico del discurso de una treintena de textos escolares de educación secundaria. El currículo de la asignatura de historia, la formación de los autores o la extensión del tema de investigación en los textos son algunos de los factores que consideramos podrían explicar los resultados obtenidos. Dichos resultados confirman la pervivencia de ideas como la inevitabilidad de la guerra, el fracaso del proyecto político republicano o el ambiente de preguerra en la primavera del 36 en el material didáctico, así como la escasa influencia en el ámbito escolar de la interpretación crítica.

While historiography advances in the dismantling of the Franco approach on the Republic and the War, it could be asked wether the school bibliography abandons at the same pace the assumptions of the Franco canon and includes the critical approach of the specialists. The present investigation aims to find out the scope of these two phenomena through the critical analysis of the speech of some thirty secondary school textbooks. The curriculum of the history subject, the ideologies of the publishers of textbooks, the academic training of authors, or the space reserved for the subject of research in the textbooks, are some of the factors that could explain the results obtained These results confirm the persistence of ideas such as the inevitability of war, the failure of the republican political project or the pre-war atmosphere in the spring of 1936 in the teaching material, as well as the scarce influence of critical interpretation in schools.
The concept of 15-minute city as the basis for the model of sustainable development of a megacity in terms of modern risks
Authors: Notman Olga
Published: November 2021

The goal of this research lies in discussing the key provisions of Carlos Moreno’s concept of 15-minute city in the context of issues caused COVID-19 pandemic. Besides the original texts by C. Moreno, the article employs the following data: 1) publications in the international scientometric databases (Scopus, WoS2) dedicated to positive effects of implementation of the concept of 15-minute city and its analogues; 2) documents of international organizations (C40 Cities, OECD, UN-Habitat3 that recommend the key vectors of sustainable urban development policy to the national governments; 3) strategies of global megacities that embarked upon practical implementation of the concept of 15-minute city. The concept at hand is based on the idea of spatial-temporal hyper-proximity of all essential functions and services of the city. The concentrated infrastructure (place of residence, work, retail, education, health, and leisure) within micro-scale spatial structures contributes to the formation of more environmentally, economically and socially sustainable cities. The global COVID-19 pandemic, which demonstrated the urgent need for “upgrading” the local living conditions, stimulated the adoption of this concept on the level of international organizations and progressive foreign megacities, as well as interest of the Russian Federation in its implementation. The conducted analysis leads to the conclusion that the model of 15-minute city, which allows effectively counteracting the new risks (including the unexpected circumstances), can be adapted to spatial peculiarities of the particular cities and needs of the residents. This article is an invitation to a scientific discussion on the prospects of transformation of the Russian megacities into a network of 15-minute cities, as well as the search for methodological solutions in the research dedicated to differentiation of the quality of urban environment in the micro-spatial dimension.
The political language of modern Islamism: practices of legitimation of the International Terrorist Organization “Islamic State” (terrorist organization banned in Russia)
Authors: Suleimenov Andrey Ruslanovich , Ryzhov Igor' Valer'evich
Published: November 2021

This article analyzes the ways of legitimation that are characteristic to the Russian-language propaganda of the terrorist group “Islamic State” that is banned in Russia. The arguments the extremist propaganda resorts to are revealed on the example of the online magazine “Istok”: founded on Muslim law, legitimation on the basis of Quranic texts, appeal to moral justice of the establishment of “Caliphate”, and positioning of “Caliphate” as the traditional sovereign state with its attributes. Description is given to the peculiarities of the Russian-language jihadist propaganda and radical discourse of the “Islamic State” overall: an important distinctive feature of the Islamist propaganda is the archaic motives. Having studied the propagandistic materials, the author outlines such features of jihadist propaganda as propensity to determinism and fatalism, orientation towards eschatological worldview, reference of the logical and political arguments to the times of the establishment of Islam. Application of the methods of political linguistics to the information product of terrorist organization reveals the basic strategy of legitimization of the “Islamic State”, which resorts to the archaic, establishment of the “caliphate” of Islamists to the time of origination of Islam and the era of the “righteous caliphs”. The elements of the traditional state are largely translated onto the external, non-Muslim environment: coverage of the activity of the administrative structures of Islamic State, demonstration of the own economic system, and abundance of national symbols. The analysis of propagandistic materials allows concluding on the nominal role of the leader of the jihadist group Islamic State Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, whose name is associated not only with the phenomenal success of the jihadist project, but also the equally painful defeat that the “Islamic State” suffered in the end.
Case-study-based teaching of police officers how to use physical force
Authors: Troyan Evgeny Ivanovich , Morozov Dmitry Valer'evich
Published: November 2021

The research object is the process of teaching police officers how to use physical force. The research subject is the case-study method used for teaching police officers how to use physical force. Physical training of police officers is aimed at the formation of readiness to legally use physical force for solving official tasks. However, at physical training lessons police officers study combat techniques, and much less attention is paid to teaching how to use these techniques during official service. One of the reasons for insufficient readiness of police officers is the lack of teachers’ attention to the case-study method of training and the possibility to use it at physical training lessons.  The research is based on scientific methods: analysis and generalization of scientific sources; situation simulation; pedagogical experimenting; testing. The authors formulate the following conclusions: 1. The main unified situations of the use of physical force by police officers are: “Identity checks”, “Stopping of public intoxication”, “Assault on a police officer”. 2. Analysis of the results of testing the complex of unified situations of the use of physical force by police officers has demonstrated the effectiveness of using the case-study method for teaching police officers how to use physical force. The effectiveness of applied techniques in the test group was on average 15,6% higher than that in the control group.  The described complex of unified situations can be used at physical training lessons for police officers. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that it proves the effectiveness of the use of the case-study method for teaching police officers how to use physical force.  
COVID-19 in dental practice – An overview of challenges and preventive measures
Authors: Sena Dáurea Adília Cóbe , Barros Caio Cesar da Silva , Rolim Larissa Santos Amaral , Pinto Leão Pereira , Batista Lélia Batista de , Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas da
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 was identified to be caused by a new coronavirus named as SARS-CoV-2. Since the outbreak of this disease, World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global public health emergency. SARS-CoV-2 has a high estimate rate of human-to-human transmission mainly through inhalation/ingestion/direct mucous contact with respiratory droplets. Considering this high transmission capacity, several countries have already registered cases of infection by health professionals. Even though dentists are not directly involved in the diagnosis and therapy of COVID-19 they represent undoubtedly a risk group due to high exposure and their work environment is a contagion factor for patients and staff. In this manner, the objective of this article is to approach important aspects of COVID-19 concerning dental care and provides an overview of its challenges on dental practice. For this, we used these following keywords in our research: COVID-19; dental general practice; prevention and control; infectious disease transmission; infectious disease transmission, patient to professional. Taking into account the global concern with patient care in midst of this pandemic, we address valid concerns regarding the potential means of contamination in the dental office and highlight practices and guidelines adopted in different countries to minimize risks in dental care in this global public health crisis, thus, reinforcing the challenges of dentistry in this context, highlighting the importance of rigorous preventive measures. However, there is still a lack of standardization of dental care protocols and consequently, reduce the risk of contagion.
Immune response in acute respiratory syndrome induced by the new coronavirus
Authors: Paula Junior Waldemar de , Freitas Carina Silva de , Lima Neto Francisco Ferreira de , Santana Nathália Alves , Soares Nathália Zenaide Durães , Fonseca Vitória Louise Mendes , Nascimento Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do , Grabe-Guimarães Andrea
Published: November 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs) belong to the family Coronaviridae, which are enveloped and have a single-stranded RNA genome. The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh known coronavirus that can infect humans and cause serious illness, such as acute respiratory syndrome. The coronaviruses already identified have contributed to the understanding of the clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-2, as well as their associations with the immune system. The aim of the present study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature on the host's immune response to infection by the new coronavirus. The review contains basic and summarized information on the main mechanisms involved in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. The characteristics of the infection were considered according to the following: from the initial contact with the host through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2); the recognition of the pathogen by innate immunity cells; its containment mechanisms, including the production of effector cytokines and chemokines important in the development of the inflammatory process; and the participation of the complement system until the activation of the adaptive immune response. The probable occurrence of a host dysfunctional immune response and the escape mechanisms of the virus were also addressed. Despite numerous studies on the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, knowledge about the host's immune response in COVID-19 is not fully understood. The present work established the relationship between the new coronavirus and the immune system, but further studies are needed for all the mechanisms of the process to be elucidated.
Diplomacia, comercio y poder en una zona de frontera: el asesinato de un rey indígena en Talamanca, actual Costa Rica, 1870-1872
Authors: Boza Alejandra
Published: November 2021

Objective/Context: In 1872, the indigenous leader Santiago Mayas was murdered. The events leading up to this outcome and Mayas’ overall political career shed light on the challenges indigenous communities faced in Talamanca, a borderland located in southeastern Costa Rica. During Mayas’ lifetime, Talamancans were impacted by the simultaneous and sometimes contradictory advances of the capitalist economy and the nation-state system. Methodology: Primary sources created by different actors allowed a critical reading of the few and highly biased accounts previously used to interpret this era. Originality: This work demonstrates that the Talamancan world of the period and cacique Mayas’ political actions were substantially different from what had been previously accepted. Far from being isolated from the world or frozen in time, Talamanca was an area where external political and economic interests converged and collided. Mayas was not a dim-witted tyrant, but a social actor who struggled to navigate a complex and unstable environment. Conclusions: In the middle of the 19th century, Talamanca was under multiple external pressures. Agents of an emerging global capitalism, along with officials from Colombia and Costa Rica, vied to control its territories, resources, and inhabitants. At the same time, the political notions and structures of the Bribri and Cabecar Indians were transforming, seeking to survive in the new environment. Mayas’ initial success in finding his own path in this tumultuous context turned him into a powerful figure. Ultimately, growing contradictions within the indigenous communities and the persistent machinations of external forces put him in an untenable position, which paved the way for his downfall.
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict postoperative pulmonary complications following thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Wang Bin , Chen Zhenxing , Zhao Ru , Zhang Li , Zhang Ye
Published: November 2021

Background

Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after thoracoscopic surgery are common. This retrospective study aimed to develop a nomogram to predict PPCs in thoracoscopic surgery.

Methods

A total of 905 patients who underwent thoracoscopy were randomly enrolled and divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort at 80%:20%. The training cohort was used to develop a nomogram model, and the validation cohort was used to validate the model. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were applied to screen risk factors for PPCs, and the nomogram was incorporated in the training cohort. The discriminative ability and calibration of the nomogram for predicting PPCs were assessed using C-indices and calibration plots.

Results

Among the patients, 207 (22.87%) presented PPCs, including 166 cases in the training cohort and 41 cases in the validation cohort. Using backward stepwise selection of clinically important variables with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) in the training cohort, the following seven variables were incorporated for predicting PPCs: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III/IV, operation time longer than 180 min, one-lung ventilation time longer than 60 min, and history of stroke, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and smoking. With incorporation of these factors, the nomogram achieved good C-indices of 0.894 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.866–0.921]) and 0.868 (95% CI [0.811–0.925]) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively, with well-fitted calibration curves.

Conclusion

The nomogram offers good predictive performance for PPCs after thoracoscopic surgery. This model may help distinguish the risk of PPCs and make reasonable treatment choices.
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KRISTEN DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD DI KELAS MATEMATIKA DI SD KRISTEN “X” SURABAYA
Authors: Cahyaningati Lacta Wida Rayu , Yoedo Yuli Christiana
Published: November 2021

Penelitian kualitatif ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana guru menerapkan pendidikan karakter Kristen dan model pembelajaran STAD di kelas Matematika di SD Kristen “X” Surabaya. Teori yang dipakai adalah teori Lewis tentang pendidikan karakter Kristen. Subjek penelitian adalah Ibu Vitri dan teori Slavin tentang model pembelajaran kooperatif STAD. Data penelitian didapatkan dari tindakan dan perkataan guru kelas. Guru menerapkan 9 tahap penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD, yaitu menyampaikan tujuan belajar, memotivasi murid, menyajikan informasi, mengorganisasikan murid dalam kelompok, membagikan rubrik penilaian, membagikan form penilaian sebaya, membimbing kelompok belajar, evaluasi, serta memberikan penghargaan. Guru memasukkan pendidikan karakter dengan melalui perenungan Firman untuk mendasari proses pembelajaran. Guru juga memberikan wejangan bahwa semua aktifitas dan tindakan (peduli, jujur, kerjasama) dilakukan untuk Tuhan. Cara terakhir adalah dengan melibatkan peran murid dalam pembentukan kelompok belajar, pencarian solusi dari masalah yang ditemukan, serta proses diskusi kelompok. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu diperlukan penambahan 2 tahap penerapan model pembelajaran koopeartif tipe STAD, yaitu pembagian rubrik penilaian dan form penilaian sebaya, serta dengan memberikan pendidikan karakter Kristen untuk membuat Matematika menjadi kelas yang efektif dan bermakna di SD Kristen “X” Surabaya.
MODUL PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS ALKITABIAH UNTUK KELAS 1 SD
Authors: Pole Johsua Indra Kurniawan , Subekti Iman
Published: November 2021

Dari data PISA tahun 2019 tentang penilaian literasi dan Matematika menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia hanya menduduki posisi ke 74 dari 79 negara. Indonesia berusaha memperbaiki peringkat tersebut, yaitu dengan meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kemampuan Matematika sejak usia dini. Selain itu guru perlu memakai sebuah pendekatan yang menolong anak bertumbuh dan memaknai Matematika secara benar. Alkitab adalah kebenaran yang mampu menolong anak untuk bertumbuh dalam hal akademis bidang Matematika. Melalui pendekatan Alkitabiah, anak-anak diharapkan mampu menjawab kebutuhan murid dalam menguasai Matematika. Modul Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Alkitab untuk Kelas 1 SD merupakan modul yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan kemampuan Matematika dengan pendekatan Alkitabiah. Modul ini disusun melalui tahap perencanaan, penulisan, isi dan desain serta pencetakan. Hasil validasi menunjukan bahwa modul ini layak digunakan. Analisis uji coba yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil dari uji coba menunjukkan bahwa melalui modul ini murid dapat meningkatkan kemandirian, kemampuan Matematika dan pemahaman Aklitab.
3D Printed, Solid‐State Conductive Ionoelastomer as a Generic Building Block for Tactile Applications
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zheng Huanxi , Sun Jing , Zhou Yongsen , Xu Wanghuai , Dai Yuhang , Mo Jiaying , Wang Zuankai
Published: November 2021

Shaping soft and conductive materials into preferential architectures via 3D printing is highly attractive for numerous applications ranging from tactile devices to bioelectronics. A landmark type of soft and conductive materials is hydrogels/ionogels. However, 3D‐printed hydrogels/ionogels still suffer from a fundamental bottleneck: limited stability in their electrical–mechanical properties caused by the evaporation and leakage of liquid within hydrogels/ionogels. Although photocurable liquid‐free ion‐conducting elastomers can circumvent these limitations, the associated photocurable process is cumbersome and hence the printing quality is relatively poor. Herein, a fast photocurable, solid‐state conductive ionoelastomer (SCIE) is developed that enables high‐resolution 3D printing of arbitrary architectures. The printed building blocks possess many promising features over the conventional ion‐conducting materials, including high resolution architectures (even ≈50 µm overhanging lattices), good Young's modulus (up to ≈6.2 MPa), and stretchability (fracture strain of ≈292%), excellent conductivity tolerance in a wide range of temperatures (from −30 to 80 °C), as well as fine elasticity and antifatigue ability even after 10 000 loading–unloading cycles. It is further demonstrated that the printed building blocks can be programmed into 3D flexible tactile sensors such as gyroid‐based piezoresistive sensor and gap‐based capacitive sensor, both of which exhibit several times higher in sensitivity than their bulky counterparts.
Fluidic Manipulating of Printable Zinc Oxide for Flexible Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Zheng Zhong , Wang Jianqiu , Wang Yafei , Xu Bowei , Zhang Shaoqing , Hou Jianhui
Published: November 2021

As a representative electron transporting layer in organic solar cells, zinc oxide (ZnO) can be fabricated by the meniscus‐guided coating with the promotion of sol–gel technology. In order to fabricate stable and flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) based on the printable ZnO layers, here, a new method for simultaneously manipulating fluidics of the sol–gel ZnO precursor and optimizing processability of the ZnO layer for flexible OSCs is developed. It is found that the Marangoni recirculation in meniscus and the annealing temperature of the sol–gel ZnO precursor can be effectively modulated by changing the Lewis base. With the use of propylamine, the high‐quality ZnO layer that is suitable for flexible OSCs can be fabricated through blade coating. Under such a condition, the formation of polar facet in ZnO layer is well restrained, which favors the photostability of the cells. As a result, the best 1.00 cm2 flexible cell outputs a power conversion efficiency of 16.71%, which is the best value till now.
Thermally‐Drawn Multi‐Electrode Fibers for Bipolar Electrochemistry and Magnified Electrochemical Imaging
Authors: Iwama Tomoki , Guo Yuanyuan , Handa Shoma , Y. Inoue Kumi , Yoshinobu Tatsuo , Sorin Fabien , Shiku Hitoshi
Published: November 2021

Imaging systems using closed bipolar electrode (cBPE) arrays and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) have attracted great attention in recent years as a 2D imaging platform with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, the fabrication techniques for cBPE arrays involve complicated procedures. Therefore, a new fabrication scheme enabling the mass production of cBPE arrays with high precision, reproducibility, and yield, is desired. Here, the use of a versatile and scalable thermal drawing process as a novel fabrication method for fiber‐based cBPEs with feature sizes down to micro‐/nanoscales is proposed. First, a single‐electrode fiber consisting of a carbon‐based composite as the electrode material is produced by thermal drawing. The fundamental electrical properties of the single‐electrode fiber are characterized, and its applicability to the cBPE‐ECL system is demonstrated. A multielectrode fiber is fabricated by subjecting a bundle of 104 single‐electrode fibers to thermal drawing. Its usability as a cBPE array for ECL imaging is confirmed with a functional rate of 99%. Further the multielectrode fiber, utilizing the principle of thermal drawing, for magnified electrochemical imaging is tapered. This work establishes a novel mass‐production method for cBPE arrays, as well as a proof of concept for magnified electrochemical imaging using a thermally‐drawn electrode array fiber.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Hydroboration of Nitro Compounds and Applications to One‐Pot Synthesis of Aldimines and Amides
Authors: Gudun Kristina A. , Zakarina Raikhan , Segizbayev Medet , Hayrapetyan Davit , Slamova Ainur , Khalimon Andrey Y.
Published: November 2021

The commercially available and bench‐stable Co(acac)2 ligated with bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (dpephos) was employed for selective room temperature hydroboration of nitro compounds with HBPin (TOF up to 4615 h−1), tolerating halide, hydroxy, amino, ether, ester, lactone, amide and heteroaromatic functionalities. These reactions offered a direct access to a variety of N‐borylamines RN(H)BPin, which were in situ treated with aldehydes and carboxylic acids to produce a series of aldimines and secondary carboxamides without the need for dehydrating and/or coupling reagents. Combination of these transformations in a sequential one‐pot manner allowed for direct and selective synthesis of aldimines and secondary carboxamides from readily available and inexpensive nitro compounds.

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Update on the Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles via Cyclization of Hydrazones (2017–2021)
Authors: Lv Yunhe , Meng Jianping , Li Chen , Wang Xin , Ye Yong , Sun Kai
Published: November 2021

Hydrazones, as universal structural units, are useful synthons for the formation of carbon–nitrogen and nitrogen−heteroatom bonds. Thus, they provide new methods of constructing nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. In recent years, especially between 2017 and 2021, many efforts have been made to exploit hydrazone‐based reactions in efforts to develop more powerful and effective pathways towards the synthesis of various multifunctional heterocyclic compounds. However, despite the tremendous amount of work that has been published over the past five years, no review has been published that summarizes the significant progress in the preparation of nitrogen heterocycles via intramolecular cyclization of hydrazones with adjacent unsaturated bonds or intermolecular cyclization of hydrazones with unsaturated systems. Therefore, this review summarizes the hydrazone‐based cyclization strategies used to synthesize nitrogen‐containing heterocycles over the past five years. It discusses the corresponding reaction scopes, limitations, mechanisms, and problems.

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Sortase‐vermittelte Multi‐Fragment‐Kopplung durch Ligationsstellen‐Schaltung
Authors: Bierlmeier Jan , Álvaro‐Benito Miguel , Scheffler Maren , Sturm Kristina , Rehkopf Luisa , Freund Christian , Schwarzer Dirk
Published: November 2021

Die Sortase‐vermittelte Ligation (Engl. sortase‐mediated ligation, SML) ist ein effektives Werkzeug der Proteinchemie, welches die Ligation von Peptiden mit LPxTG‐Sortiermotiven und N‐terminalen Glycin‐Nukleophilen ermöglicht. Die Kopplung mehrerer Fragmente durch SML wird durch den erneuten Einbau eines Sortiermotivs in das Produkt verhindert. Hier beschreiben wir die Multi‐Fragment‐SML auf Grundlage von schaltbaren Sortase‐Substraten. Die Substitution des Leu‐Restes durch disulfidhaltiges Cys(StBu) führt zu aktiven Sortiermotiven, die durch Reduktion inaktiviert werden können. In Kombination mit einem photo‐geschützten N‐Gly‐Nukleophil wird Multi‐Fragment‐SML durch wiederholte Zyklen von SML und Ligationsstellenschaltung ermöglicht. Die Durchführbarkeit dieser Herangehensweise wurde durch eine Proof‐of‐Concept Vier‐Fragment‐Ligation, die Fertigung von Peptidsonden für bivalente chromatinbindende Proteine sowie die Oligomerisierung von Peptidantigenen nachgewiesen. Biochemische und immunologische Assays zeigten die Funktionalität dieser Sonden, was sie zu vielversprechenden Werkzeugen für die Immunologie und Chromatinbiochemie macht.
Vitamin D Inhibits the Early Aggregation of α‐Synuclein and Modulates Exocytosis Revealed by Electrochemical Measurements
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ji Wenliang , Zhang Shuai , Gao Nan , Xu Tianci , Wang Xiaofang , Zhang Meining
Published: November 2021

Alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) localizes at presynaptic terminal and modulates synaptic functions. Increasing evidence demonstrate that α‐Syn oligomers, forming at the early of aggregation, are cytotoxic and is thus related to brain neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we find that vitamin D (VD) can reduce neurocytotoxicity. The reduced neurocytotoxicity might be attributed to the less amount of large‐sized α‐Syn oligomers inhibited by VD, measured by electrochemical collision at single particle level, which are not observable with traditionally ensembled method. Single‐cell amperometry (SCA) results show that VD can recover the amount of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis induced by α‐Syn oligomers, further verifying the neuroprotection of VD. Our study reveals the neuroprotective role of VD through inhibiting α‐Syn aggregation, which is envisioned to be of great importance in treatment and prevention of the neurodegenerative diseases.
Stable Isotope Phosphate Labelling of Diverse Metabolites is Enabled by a Family of 18O‐Phosphoramidites**
Authors: Haas Thomas M. , Mundinger Stephan , Qiu Danye , Jork Nikolaus , Ritter Kevin , Dürr‐Mayer Tobias , Ripp Alexander , Saiardi Adolfo , Schaaf Gabriel , Jessen Henning J.
Published: November 2021

Stable isotope labelling is state‐of‐the‐art in quantitative mass spectrometry, yet often accessing the required standards is cumbersome and very expensive. Here, a unifying synthetic concept for 18O‐labelled phosphates is presented, based on a family of modified 18O2‐phosphoramidite reagents. This toolbox offers access to major classes of biologically highly relevant phosphorylated metabolites as their isotopologues including nucleotides, inositol phosphates, ‐pyrophosphates, and inorganic polyphosphates. 18O‐enrichment ratios >95 % and good yields are obtained consistently in gram‐scale reactions, while enabling late‐stage labelling. We demonstrate the utility of the 18O‐labelled inositol phosphates and pyrophosphates by assignment of these metabolites from different biological matrices. We demonstrate that phosphate neutral loss is negligible in an analytical setup employing capillary electrophoresis electrospray ionisation triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.
Quantifying Intracellular Single Vesicular Catecholamine Concentration with Open Carbon Nanopipettes to Unveil the Effect of L‐DOPA on Vesicular Structure
Authors: Hu Keke , Le Vo Kim Long , Hatamie Amir , Ewing Andrew G.
Published: November 2021

Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of exocytosis is essential for uncovering the pathologies of neuronal disorders and developing related pharmaceuticals. In this work intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (IVIEC) measurements with different‐sized (50–500 nm radius) open carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) were performed to quantify the vesicular content and release kinetics of specific vesicle populations grouped by orifice sizes. Intracellular vesicles with radius below 100 nm were captured and narrowed between 50 and 100 nm. On the basis of this, single vesicular catecholamine concentrations in the intracellular environment were quantified as 0.23–1.1 M. Our results with L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA)‐exposure indicate that L‐DOPA regulates exocytosis by increasing the dense core size and vesicular content while catecholamine concentrations did not show obvious alterations. These were all achieved simultaneously and relatively noninvasively with open CNPs.
Air‐Stable PdI Dimer Enabled Remote Functionalization: Access to Fluorinated 1,1‐Diaryl Alkanes with Unprecedented Speed
Authors: Kundu Gourab , Opincal Filip , Sperger Theresa , Schoenebeck Franziska
Published: November 2021

While remote functionalization via chain walking has the potential to enable access to molecules via novel disconnections, such processes require relatively long reaction times and can be in need of elevated temperatures. This work features a remote arylation in less than 10 min reaction time at room temperature over a distance of up to 11 carbons. The unprecedented speed is enabled by the air‐stable PdI dimer [Pd(μ‐I)(PCy2tBu)]2, which in contrast to its PtBu3 counterpart does not trigger direct coupling at the initiation site, but regioconvergent and chemoselective remote functionalization to yield valuable fluorinated 1,1‐diaryl alkanes. Our combined experimental and computational studies rationalize the origins of switchability, which are primarily due to differences in dispersion interactions.
Rigid Bridge‐Confined Double‐Decker Platinum(II) Complexes Towards High‐Performance Red and Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence
Authors: Zhang Youming , Miao Jingsheng , Xiong Jinfan , Li Kai , Yang Chuluo
Published: November 2021

A molecular design to high‐performance red and near‐infrared (NIR) organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitters remains demanding. Herein a series of dinuclear platinum(II) complexes featuring strong intramolecular Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt and π–π interactions has been developed by using N‐deprotonated α‐carboline as a bridging ligand. The complexes in doped thin films exhibit efficient red to NIR emission from short‐lived (τ=0.9–2.1 μs) triplet metal‐metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MMLCT) excited states. Red OLEDs demonstrate high maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 23.3 % among the best PtII‐complex‐doped devices. The maximum EQE of 15.0 % and radiance of 285 W sr−1 m−2 for NIR OLEDs (λEL=725 nm) are unprecedented for devices based on discrete molecular emitters. Both red and NIR devices show very small efficiency roll‐off at high brightness. Appealing operational lifetimes have also been revealed for the devices. This work sheds light on the potential of intramolecular metallophilicity for long‐wavelength molecular emitters and electroluminescence.
Photocleavable Fluorescent Membrane Tension Probes: Fast Release with Spatiotemporal Control in Inner Leaflets of Plasma Membrane, Nuclear Envelope, and Secretory Pathway
Authors: López‐Andarias Javier , Eblighatian Krikor , Pasquer Quentin T. L. , Assies Lea , Sakai Naomi , Hoogendoorn Sascha , Matile Stefan
Published: November 2021

Mechanosensitive flipper probes are attracting interest as fluorescent reporters of membrane order and tension in biological systems. We introduce PhotoFlippers, which contain a photocleavable linker and an ultralong tether between mechanophore and various targeting motifs. Upon irradiation, the original probe is released and labels the most ordered membrane that is accessible by intermembrane transfer. Spatiotemporal control from photocleavable flippers is essential to access open, dynamic or elusive membrane motifs without chemical or physical interference. For instance, fast release with light is shown to place the original small‐molecule probes into the innermost leaflet of the nuclear envelope to image changes in membrane tension, at specific points in time of membrane trafficking along the secretory pathway, or in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to explore membrane asymmetry. These results identify PhotoFlippers as useful chemistry tools to enable research in biology.