bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viktigheten av studentaktiv og praksisnær læring for utformingen av en matteknolog
Authors: Mehli Lisbeth , Jakobsen Anita N. , Persson Rolf Jonas , Staberg Ragnhild Lyngved
Published: February 2021

Bachelorutdanningen i matteknologi ved NTNU utdanner kandidater som kan gå inn i en rekke ulike roller innen matindustri og forvaltning; eksempelvis innen kvalitetsarbeid og analyser, innovasjon og produktutvikling, matproduksjon og forskning. Matteknologen er en allrounder. Som et ledd i å optimalisere studentenes læring og øke gjennomstrømmingen, ønsket vi å finne ut mer om hvilke oppfatninger og forestillinger studentene har om studiet. Hva er viktig i studiet i utformingen av en matteknolog? Hvilke læringsaktiviteter opplevde de som nyttige i forhold til å forstå pensum bedre? Kan læringsaktiviteter med utgangspunkt fra arbeidslivet øke forståelsen av faglige tema?  Dette er spørsmål som ble stilt til studenter fra 1., 4. og 6. semester under utdanning og uteksaminerte kandidater fra bachelorutdanningen. Undersøkelsen ble gjennomført med fokusgruppeintervjuer med påfølgende tematisk analyse av data.  Studentenes holdninger og forventninger, samt studiets oppbygning, vurderingsmetoder og grad av studentaktiv læring kan påvirke læringsutbyttet i løpet av utdanningen.  Ifølge studentenes egne erfaringer er de viktigste elementene i utformingen av en matteknolog innslag av forskjellige relevante og praksisnære studentaktiviteter. Spesielt fremheves den 5 måneders lange praksisperioden i 4. semester innen industri eller forskning som utfordrende og lærerik med tydelig relevans for arbeidslivet.  Dette gir studentene et klart innblikk i hvilke jobber eller roller de kan ta etter utdanningen. Arbeid med reelle problemstillinger alene eller i grupper fremheves også som en type praktisk arbeid som studentene erfarer øker læringsutbyttet.
Algebraforståelse blant studentene i brukerkurs i matematikk ved UiT
Authors: Malyutina Elena , Søvik Øistein , Huru Hilja Lisa
Published: February 2021

Ved Institutt for matematikk og statistikk UiT – Norges arktiske universitet ble Brukerkurset i matematikk høsten 2020 lagt om til et prosjektbasert emne og ny eksamensform med avsluttende muntlig gruppeeksamen. Et av målene for vår studie er å kartlegge ferdigheter og forståelse i algebra i begynnelsen av semesteret og hvordan studentene videre møter de algebraiske aktivitetene i prosjektene. I denne artikkelen rapporterer vi på resultater fra en pre- og en posttest blant studentene i emnet høst 2020 og drøfter algebra i de obligatoriske prosjektene.
Use of an interactive digital assessment tool in mathematics education for engineers
Authors: Chesnokov Andrey , Van Albada Siebe
Published: February 2021

Basic courses in mathematics for engineers often have more than several hundred participants. To achieve the learning goals it is necessary that the students work actively on specific problems. While working on the problems, students require assistance. As a supplement to guidance by lecturers and teaching assistants, NTNU has piloted use of a digital assessment system STACK, that enables constructive feedback and is to some degree interactive.

We will discuss how we integrate digital assessment into daily teaching practices, show examples of the problems and present some qualitative data collected from actual students.
Skolehage som arena for meningsfylt læring og utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling
Authors: Wolff Silje , Eikeseth Unni
Published: February 2021

Elevers motivasjon for naturfag synker fra elever starter på skolen og gjennom barne- og ungdomsskolen. For norske ungdomsskoleelever er nedgangen særlig stor, og avstanden til de andre nordiske landene øker.  Det er kjent at motivasjon er knyttet til en følelse av relevans, og flere studier tyder på at følelsesmessige sider av naturfaget blir forsømt i undervisning, slik som holdninger, motivasjon og interesse. Det er derfor behov for en naturfagundervisning som i større grad gir elever en opplevelse av det de lærer i naturfag er relevant for deres liv eller for samfunnet de lever i. Bærekraftig utvikling er et tema som engasjerer mange unge, og som derfor kan bidra til å gi økt relevans til naturfaget og andre fag. Det er også ett av tre tverrfaglige temaer i den nye læreplanen i norsk skole, Fagfornyelsen. Forskningen peker likevel på at det er fare for at bærekraftig utvikling blir forstått som et rent teoretisk spørsmål, uten at elever får høste konkrete erfaringer av hvordan bærekraftige liv kan leves gjennom handling. I denne studien undersøker vi skolehagens potensial for å øke motivasjon hos elever, samt egnethet som arena for utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling.

Med støtte i litteraturen finner vi grunn til å tro at skolehageaktiviteter kan bidra til opplevelse av økt relevans i naturfag, samt at skolehagen kan være en egnet arena for utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling.

Nøkkelord: skolehage, motivasjon, utdanning for bærekraftig utvikling.
Sustainability Competence in Computer Science Education
Authors: Van der Velden Maja , Gjelsten Børge Kile , Bergersen Gunnar Rye , Jensen Siri Moe
Published: February 2021

Digitalisation creates opportunities and challenges, both socially and environmentally. Are computer science students interested in addressing these opportunities and challenges and is their education providing them the desired competencies? Theoretically, the paper focuses on the concept of competency and presents the eight sustainability competencies formulated in UNESCO’s Education for the Sustainable Development Goals. Two sets of data are analysed to address the research questions: data from a questionnaire focusing on their aspirations for future work and data from a deductive content analysis of the learning outcomes of six bachelor programmes in informatics. Sustainability-related factors scored important/very important in the aspirations for future work. The analysis of the learning outcomes indicates a very weak connection between learning goals and sustainability competencies. An integrative approach is proposed, which may contribute to the development of sustainability competencies that enable the students to take up normative and critical positions in digitalisation and sustainability discourses.
Pago por el del Servicio Ambiental Hídrico (PSAH) en la subcuenca del río Brakira, desde la perspectiva de las comunidades indígenas.
Authors: Figueroa Galeano, Abner , Watler Reyes William
Published: February 2021

El estudio se realizó en la subcuenca del río Brakira, perteneciente a la comunidad indígena de Tuapi, del municipio de Puerto Cabezas, RAAN, Nicaragua. Tiene como objetivo la valoración del Servicio Ambiental Hídrico (SAH) y el diseñar estrategias de implementación desde la perspectiva de comunidades indígenas para lograr la sostenibilidad del recurso hídrico. La subcuenca corresponde a la principal fuente de abastecimiento de agua potable de la ciudad de Bilwi. Actualmente, presenta problemas de degradación ambiental, producto de las actividades de extracción de material selecto (grava y arena) y del despale indiscriminado. Se utilizaron metodologías cuantitativas con elementos técnicos y participativos. En los elementos técnicos se aplicaron las herramientas del SIG, cálculos de ecuaciones del presupuesto de aguas, ecuaciones de valoración económica para el manejo del bosque y otros. Entre los elementos participativos se efectuaron entrevistas y consultas. La zona de protección delimitada tiene un área de 1290.46 ha, una disponibilidad hídrica total de 39,295,832.04 m3/año, un volumen de demanda social de 21,642,707.19 m3año, un déficit de 133,200 m3/ año y un excedente de agua superficial y subterráneo de 20,211,183.92 m3/año. El flujo de caja del valor económico del bosque de pinares demuestran una relación viable, con un beneficio neto de 28,999.00 $/ha. De acuerdo a los usuarios encuestados el 91.66% aceptan la implementación de un mecanismo de PSAH
Cuentos y leyendas
Authors: Saavedra Areas Fernando José
Published: February 2021

Abdulia y el gusanito: Es un cuento del licenciado Fernando Saavedra, recreación de la vida y la conducta moral tradicional de los pueblos indígenas. Este un gusanito vuelve a retoñar en un aguacate con la intermediación de un sukia, un guía espiritual de la Costa Caribe de Nicaragua, es el shamán o representante de la medicina ancestral. El gran Árbol y el fuerte Viento: Es cuento también con moraleja, es una lucha moral, un enfrentamiento personificado en la naturaleza por medio de la lucha entre el árbol y el viento. La madre de las tortugas: Es la leyenda del profesor y poeta Avelino Cox. Trata de una tortuga sagrada a la cual los pueblos indígenas le llamaban la madre de las tortugas, porque apuntalaba siempre adonde se encuentran los peces, era una guía de los pescadores, pero un día cuando no se cumplió con los preceptos morales de los ancestros en la comunidad, razón por la cual desapareció y los pueblos ya no tuvieron abundancia, hasta que la volvieron a encontrar los marinos; entonces la herencia de ella, vinieron nuevamente a desovar a los literales del Caribe.
Poesia
Authors: Navas Navas Nicolás
Published: February 2021

Presenta la poesía de Nicolás Navas Navas, titulados: La miskita, En el mercado, La negra mandinga y Aeropuerto.
Evolution of a Qualifying Examination from a Timed Closed-Book Format to an Open-Book Collaborative Take-Home Format: A Case Study and Commentary
Authors: Samsa Gregory
Published: February 2021

Objective: Our master's program in biostatistics requires a qualifying examination (QE). A curriculum review led us to question whether to replace a closed-book format with an open-book one. Our goal was to improve the QE. Methods: This is a case study and commentary, where we describe the evolution of the QE, both in its goals and its content. The result was a week-long, open-book, collaborative, take-home examination structured around the analysis of two types of studies commonly encountered in biostatistical practice. Our evaluation of the revised format includes its fairness, student performance, and student feedback. Results: The new format has a number of advantages: (1) it has a specific educational goal; (2) it provides sufficient time for students to produce their best work; (3) it encourages students to review elements of the first-year curriculum as needed; and (4) it can be administered remotely, even during a pandemic. Potential concerns pertaining to cheating and rigor can be adequately addressed. The results of our evaluation of the examination have been encouraging. The QE is intended to be a "fair" examination that covers important material which is beneficial to students, and does so in a way that is transparent and puts everyone in a position to perform their best work. Conclusions: An examination using this format has much to recommend it. When designing an examination, it is important to (a) match its format with clearly specified educational goals; and (b) distinguish between the distinct constructs of difficulty and rigor.
Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated With Failures of Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention in Patients With Acute Hematogenous Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Chen Wenhao , Klemt Christian , Smith Evan J. , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Xiong Liang , Kwon Young-Min
Published: February 2021

Background:

Acute hematogenous periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) accounts for 20% to 35% of all PJI cases. Treatment options include débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) or implant revision (single-stage/two-stage revision). Because the reported success rates of DAIR for acute PJIs as reported in the literature varies widely, this study aimed to investigate (1) the outcome of DAIR as revision surgery procedure and (2) the potential risk factors for treatment failure of DAIR in patients with acute hematogenous PJI.

Methods:

We reviewed 106 consecutive cases of total joint arthroplasty patients who underwent DAIR for the diagnosis of acute hematogenous PJI. Outcomes of the cohort including infection free survival was investigated. Mean follow-up was 4.9 years. Demographics, case data, comorbidities, and extremity score were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regressions to identify risk factors for failure of DAIR.

Results:

The failure rate of patients who underwent DAIR was 23.6% (25 of 106 patients). Univariate regression demonstrated that diabetes mellitus (P = 0.01) and polymicrobial infections (P < 0.01) are associated with failure of DAIR. Multivariate regression confirmed diabetes mellitus and polymicrobial infections as independent risk factors for failure of DAIR.

Discussion:

Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention may be a viable treatment option with moderate failure rates at the midterm follow-up in cases of acute hematogenous PJI. The study also identified diabetes mellitus and polymicrobial infections as independent risk factors for failure of DAIR. The findings of this study provide clinically useful information for surgeons in treatment of patients with acute hematogenous PJI.
Open and Arthroscopic Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Repair
Authors: Srinivasan Ramesh C. , Shrouder-Henry Jason J. , Richard Marc J. , Ruch David S.
Published: February 2021

Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears, whether acute or chronic, can result in persistent ulnar-sided wrist pain. Although diagnosis and nonsurgical management of TFCC tears is well described, there remains ongoing discussion about the optimal surgical technique, specifically open or arthroscopic. This article reviews the most up-to-date literature regarding TFCC injury including demographics, risk factors for TFCC injury, classification of acute and chronic TFCC tears, history and physical examination, appropriate diagnostic imaging, surgical indications, pertinent surgical anatomy, open and arthroscopic TFCC repair, fixation biomechanics and techniques, postoperative rehabilitation, and clinical outcomes.
Ethnic Disparities and Incidence of Postoperative Complications in Obese Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: Analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Data Set
Authors: Alfaro Robert , Kinter Kevin , Mihas Alexander , Castro Grettel , Rodriguez Pura , Zevallos Juan , Elkbuli Adel , Barengo Noel , Ruiz-Pelaez Juan
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is common but complex operation. A paucity of literature exists on differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics with TKA. Our study aims to investigate the association between Hispanic ethnicity and complications in obese patients undergoing TKA.

Methods:

This is a retrospective cohort study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for patients with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 who underwent TKA. Exposure in this study was ethnicity (Hispanic versus non-Hispanic), and the primary outcome was postoperative complications. Associations between ethnicity and baseline characteristics and between covariates and the outcome were assessed via bivariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression was done to determine associations between Hispanic ethnicity and complications while controlling for confounders.

Results:

Thirty five thousand twenty-seven patients were included in our study, of which 6.3% were Hispanic. Among obese adults, Hispanics had a 1.24 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.39) times greater odds of having a postoperative complication after TKA than non-Hispanics. This increased to 1.36 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.54) after adjusting for confounders. Hispanics were notably more likely to receive transfusion (2.62% vs. 1.59%, P < 0.001) and have prolonged length of stay (13.29% vs. 11.12%, P = 0.002) but were less likely to have wound disruption (0.05% vs. 0.27%, P = 0.042).

Conclusion:

In a national database, Hispanic ethnicity was associated with greater odds of postoperative complication in obese patients undergoing TKA compared with non-Hispanics. Future studies focusing on a wide range metrics of social determinants of health are needed to further investigate barriers and intervention to eliminate racial/ethnic disparities in surgical patients.
Under Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest is less Frequent in Senior Authors: A Cross-Sectional Review of all Authors Submitting to JAAOS Between 2014 and 2018
Authors: Tisherman Robert T. , Murray Ryan S. , Musahl Volker , Lesniak Bryson
Published: February 2021

The interactions between physicians and industry are necessary for advancement of clinical practice and improvement in medical devices. Physician-industry relationships also introduces financial conflicts of interest into research publications. Payments to physicians do not inherently introduce bias in research, but failure to disclose potential conflicts of interest can negatively impact the perceived integrity of authors, editors, and journals. The conflict of interest disclosure statement in all articles published in the Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery between 2014 and 2018 were compared to the financial payments indexed in the Center for Open Payments Database. Payment type, magnitude, and payer were obtained for each payment meeting inclusion criteria. Statistical comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney comparisons due to non-normal distribution of payment amounts.

704 articles involving 2596 authors were reviewed, with 1268 authors meeting inclusion criteria. 634 authors had accurate disclosure statements. The total amount of disclosed payments was $169 million, whereas undisclosed payments were $14.2 million. The amount of disclosed payments on a per-author basis, $55,844 ($12,559, $186,129), was significantly greater than undisclosed payments, $2,171 ($568, $7,238). The lowest rates of correct disclosure were in education (29.2%), gifts (38.7%) and honoraria (57.8%). First and middle authors disclosed correctly at a significantly lower rate than last authors.

The magnitude of undisclosed payments was significantly lower than disclosed payments, indicating that these payments do not register with authors as significant enough to disclose.
Humeral Shaft Fracture With Placement of an Intramedullary Nail Through an Unrecognized Sarcoma
Authors: Cullen Mark M. , Okwumabua Ebubechi , Flamant Etienne M. , Ferlauto Harrison R. , Brigman Brian E. , Eward William C.
Published: February 2021

Case:

A 72-year-old man underwent intramedullary nailing of a humeral diaphysis fracture with passage through an unrecognized pathologic fracture. Four months later, a biopsy of a soft-tissue mass in the arm revealed pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma. Only after local recurrence and forequarter amputation was the story of a pathologic fracture through undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas of bone clear. The patient developed metastatic disease and died after 2 years postoperatively.

Discussion:

Orthopaedic surgeons should consider sarcoma when assessing patients with fractures of unknown etiology and an inappropriate mechanism because the placement of an intramedullary device through a sarcoma of bone has consequences.
Determinants of Financing Decisions of SMEs: Evidence from Hotel Industry
Authors: Mueller Andreas , Sensini Luca
Published: February 2021

This paper intends to analyze the determinants of hotel SMEs' capital structure, using the theoretical reference framework and the main indicators suggested by the Trade-off and the Pecking Order theories. The financial information was collected from the AIDA database and concerned a sample of 145 Italian hotel SMEs. To evaluate the capital structure, we used a set of dependent (Total Debt, Long Term Debt and Short-Term Debt) and independent (Profitability, Assets Tangibility, Growth, Size and Age) variables consolidated in the literature. After testing the least-squares model (POLS) and the fixed effects model (FEM), we chose to use the FEM model for our analysis, as it had a greater explanatory capacity. The results showed that the variables considered have a different weight in explaining hotel companies' capital structure. In particular, profitability, assets tangibility and size were the most significant variables, while the growth and age showed less relevance.
Hyaluronik Asitin Endometrium Dokusunda αVβ3 İntegrin ve Metalloproteinaz Ekspresyonuna Etkisi
Authors: ÇİL Nazlı
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Amacımız hyaluronik asitin menstrüel siklus boyunca αVβ3 integrin ekspresyonuna ve matriks metalloproteinaz-2 ekspresyonuna etkisini araştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 48 adet dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlar iki gruba ayrılarak her gruptan 6 sıçana çift taraflı ovariektomi yapıldı. Deney grubu sıçanlara 12mg/kg (0,6 ml) hyaluronik asit verildi. 24 saat sonra ovariektomi yapılmayan sıçanların menstrüel döngüleri servikal dislokasyon yapılmadan önce vajinal smear yöntemiyle belirlendi. Östrus (n=6), diöstrus (n=6) ve proöstrus (n=6) dönemlerindeki sıçanların ve ovariektomi yapılan sıçanların (n=6) uterusları alındı. Kontrol grubunda da sıçanların menstrüel döngüleri vajinal smear yöntemiyle belirlendi. Östrus (n=6), diöstrus (n=6) ve proöstrus (n=6) dönemlerindeki sıçanların uterusları ve ovariektomi yapılan sıçanların (n=6) uterusları servikal dislokasyon yapılarak alındı. Dokulara rutin doku takibi yapıldıktan sonra elde edilen parafin bloklardan kesitler alındı. αV, β3 ve matriks metalloproteinaz-2 reaksiyonun belirlenmesi için immunohistokimya yapıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızın en önemli bulgusu östrus, diöstrus ve ovariektomi gruplarında izlendi. Bu gruplarda αV ve β3 integrin hem lümen epitel hücrelerinde hem de bez epitel hücrelerinde zayıf/negatif boyanma göstermişti. Hyaluronik asit uygulanan deney grubunda ise her iki fazda da lümen ve bez epitel hücrelerinin pozitif reaksiyon göstermesi oldukça ilginçti. Boyanma östrus grubunda hem nükleer hem de sitoplazmik olurken diöstrus grubunda yalnızca sitoplazmikti. Ayrıca östrus fazında stromal hücre reaksiyonu deney ve kontrol grubunda aynı idi. Her iki grupta da stromal hücrelerde reaksiyon izlenmezken liflerde reaksiyon zayıftı.

Sonuç: Yapılan deneysel çalışmada hyaluronik asitin αV, β3 integrin ve matriks metalloproteinaz-2 immünreaktivitesini arttırdığını gördük.
Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı Ve Hastalıkları Kliniğinde Değerlendirilen Adli Olguların Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KARADAG Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, adli makamlarca Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Kliniğine yönlendirilen çocukların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, mevcut psikopatolojilerin tespiti ve adli rapor istem nedenlerinin tanımlanarak kliniğimiz tarafından düzenlenen raporların geriye dönük incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

Yöntemler: Ocak 2018- Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatrisi Anabilim Dalı’na adli psikiyatrik değerlendirme amacıyla yönlendirilen 177 olgunun dosyası geriye dönük incelenmiştir. Analizlere olguların sosyodemografik verileri, DSM-5’e göre klinik tanıları, adli olayların içerikleri ve verilen kararlar dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Toplam vakaların %57,6’sı suça sürüklenen, %42,3’ü mağdur çocuklardan oluşmaktaydı. Suça sürüklenen çocukların %86,3’ü erkek olup yaş ortalaması 15,4 iken, mağdurların %70,7’si kız cinsiyetteydi ve yaş ortalaması 13,3’dü. Suça sürüklenen çocuklar en sık hırsızlık (%36), mağdurlar ise cinsel istismar (%74,3) sebebi ile psikiyatrik değerlendirmeye alınmıştı. Adli makamlar tarafından suça sürüklenen çocuklar hakkında sıklıkla ‘’işlediği fiilin hukuki anlam ve sonuçlarını algılama ve bu fiille ilgili olarak davranışlarını yönlendirme yeteneğinin yeterince gelişip gelişmediği’’ (%96,1) hususunda; mağdurlarda ise ‘’beyanlarına itibar edilip edilemeyeceği’’ (%62) hususunda adli rapor istemi yapılmıştır. Suça sürüklenen çocukların %44,8’inin işlediği iddia edilen fiilin hukuki anlam ve sonuçlarını algılama ve bu fiille ilgili davranışlarını yönlendirme yeteneğinin geliştiği yönünde tıbbi kanaat bildirilirken; mağdurlara sorulan maruz kaldığı fiile karşı bedenen ve ruhen kendini savunabilecek durumda olup olmadığı sorusuna ise %89,3 oranında ruhen ve bedenen kendini savunamayacağı yönünde tıbbi kanaat bildirilmiştir.

Sonuç: Çocukların gün geçtikçe adli olaylara daha fazla dahil olması ve düzenlenen raporların bu çocukların hayatının akışını ciddi derecede etkileyen kararların verilmesinde yönlendirici olması adli psikiyatrik değerlendirmenin önemini artırmaktadır.
Kronik Otitis Media’da Tiyol-Disülfid Homeostazının Değişikliği
Authors: TEMİZ Hakan
Published: February 2021

Giriş: Bu çalışmada kronik otitis medialı hastalarda oksidan ve antioksidan dengenin yeni bir oksidatif stres indikatörü olan dinamik Tiyol-Disülfid Homeostazı’nın, serumda native tiyol, total tiyol ve disülfit seviyelerinin tespiti ve disulfid/total tiyol ve disulfid/native tiyol oranlarının saptanmasını amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Tüm hastalar saf ton odyometrisi ve temporal kemiğin bilgisayarlı tomografisi ile incelendi. Mastoid hücrelerde granülasyon dokusu ve BT'de orta kulakta yumuşak doku yoğunluğu gösteren hastalar çalışma için seçildi. Kontrol grubu, herhangi bir tıbbi öyküsü olmayan ve normal fizik muayenesi olan asemptomatik olan 59 sağlıklı kişiden oluşuyordu. Çalışmaya tanısı otomikroskobik muayene ve odyolojik testlerle ile doğrulanmış 18-60 yaş arası toplamda 59 kronik otitis medialı hasta ve kontrol grubunda ise benzer yaş aralığında 59 sağlıklı gönüllü çalışmaya alınmıştır. Tiyol-Disülfid Homeostazı parametreleri; ticari kitler (Rel Assay Diagnostics, Türkiye) kullanılarak spektrofotometrik olarak ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen toplam 118 katılımcının yarısını vaka diğer yarısı da kontrol grubu oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm katılımcıların 74 (%62,7)’ü kadın olarak bulunmuştur. Vaka grubunun yaş ortalaması 42,03±11,01; kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması 41,47±10,90 olarak bulunmuştur. Vaka ve kontrol grubundaki katılımcıların çeşitli kan değerleri ve oranları karşılaştırılmıştır. Vaka grubundakilerin; kan native tiyol (399,27±41,57) ve total tiyol (411,30±42,15) düzeyleri kontrol grubundaki native tiyol (422,13±41,03) ve total tiyol (435,93±44,03) değerlerden anlamlı derecede düşük bulunmuştur (p0.05).

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, mevcut sonuçlar kronik otitis medialı hastalarda dinamik tiyol değişikliklerinin önemli ölçüde bozulduğunu göstermiştir. Kronik otitis medianın tedavisinde antioksidan tedavisi eklemenin ne kadar etkili olabileceği, tedavi modalitelerini değiştirip değiştirmeyeceğini, cerrahinin mutlak üstünlüğünü kırıp kıramayacağını öğrenmek için daha geniş klinik çalışma ve gözleme ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır.
Effect of Co-administration of Agnus castus Aqueous Leaf Extract and Cadmium Chloride on Testicular Function Indices
Authors: Olaolu Tomilola , Ajibola Damilola , Rotimi Damilare , Akpor Oghenerobor
Published: February 2021

Background: Cadmium toxicity is an environmental health menace in developing countries, which can result in damage to the male reproductive system. The mechanisms of cadmium toxicity include an increase in lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione, reduction in protein-bound sulfhydryl groups, and increase of oxidative stress. Agnus castus has been differently reported for its strong antioxidant potential and reproductive-enhancing properties. These two properties make the plant viable for the possible amelioration of cadmium toxicity. Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Agnus castus aqueous leaf extract on the testicular function indices in cadmium chloride-treated rats. Methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats (100 - 160) g, Rattus norvegicus strain, were randomly distributed into five different groups, each containing five animals. The animals were grouped as follows. Group A (control group) received distilled water, and group B received 6.5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride. Groups C, D, and E received 6.5 mg/kg body weight of cadmium chloride each together with 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Agnus castus, respectively. The administration was done by oral gavage, once daily for 21 days. The animals were finally sacrificed on day 22. The serum was collected, and the testis was excised for testicular function indices, hormonal assays, and antioxidant activities. Results: Exposure to cadmium chloride caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the weight of the testes and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione) compared to the control group. However, co-treatment with cadmium chloride and Agnus castus leaves resulted in the amelioration of cadmium-induced reduction in testicular weight and antioxidant enzymes. Exposure to cadmium chloride caused a significant decrease in testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone when compared to the control group. Co-treatment with cadmium chloride and Agnus castus increased the levels of glycogen, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone in the rats’ testes. Conclusions: The aqueous leaf extract of Agnus castus displayed a protective role in testicular function and antioxidants in Wistar rats against cadmium chloride toxicity, compared to control rats that received distilled water only.
Between Microhistory, Demography, and Rural Studies: The Settlements and Household of the Inhabitants of Kražiai and Užventis Parishes in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Giedrimas Laurynas
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the relation between the settlement and household of inhabitants in the first half of the nineteenth century in Kražiai and Užventis parishes, Samogitia. In the middle of the twentieth century, John Hajnal and Peter Laslett started researching the history of resident households. The researchers formulated theoretical and methodological basics for household analysis and encouraged other history researchers and demographers to undertake similar studies. Researchers who analysed households in Central and Eastern Europe refuted or corrected numerous statements by John Hajnal and Peter Laslett. They found that the most common household in Central and Eastern Europe was the nuclear household, although in many cases it was possible to find extended households. However, there is no clear relationship between the institution and the household. After analysing the aforementioned documents, it was discovered that during the first half of the nineteenth century, the nuclear household dominated the parishes of Kražiai and Užventis. However, the extended family is dominant in the towns of Kolainiai and Pakražantis. The single-person household dominated folwarks and manorial settlements. The relationship between the settlement and the household was significant. Eight types of settlements existed in the parishes of Kražiai and Užventis in the first half of the nineteenth century: the town (miestas, miasto), the township (miestelis, miasteczko, мњстечко), the manor (dvaras, dwór, majątek, имњние), folwark (palivarkas, folwark, фольварк), the manor village (bajorkaimis, okolica, околица), the village (kaimas, wieś, деревня), behind the wall (užusienis, zaścianek, застенок), and the felling (apyrubė, obręb, обруб). The smallest household was in the town of Kražiai, while the biggest household was found in the manor estate in Užventis parish.
Changes of antioxidant activity during storage of wheat grains with different colours
Authors: Katrii V. B. , Lystvan K. V. , Morgun B. V. , Sandetska N. V. , Velykozhon L. H.
Published: February 2021

Aim. Evaluate the change in antioxidant activity (AOA) during one-month storage period of flour and grist obtained by grinding wheat grains with different colours: white, red and purple. Wheat grain contains components with antioxidant activity. Over time AOA may be changed that is why it is important to investigate the dynamics of AOA changes in wheat samples with different grind flour and whole grain grist. Methods. The level of antioxidant activity of wheat flour spirituous extract and grist was determined based on their capacity to neutralize stable free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results. Changes in level of antioxidant activity of cultivar «Bilyava» – white grain, «Kuyalnik» – red and «Chernozerna» – purple grain were investigated. Conclusions. Asymmetric distribution of components with antioxidant properties in wheat grains was observed. The purple grain cultivar demonstrated highest antioxidant activity the while white grain cultivar showed lowest antioxidant activity.Keywords: colored grain, antioxidant activity, flour, grist.
Endogenous retroelemens of fish and molluscs
Authors: Buchatskyi L. P.
Published: February 2021

Aim. Analysis of scientific literature sources devoted to the study of retroelements of fish and mollusks. Results. It is shown that endogenous retroelements are widespread both among fish and mollusks. Endogenous retroviruses of fish, like exogenous ones, are also widespread, but their total number in the genomes of fish is much less than in other vertebrates. The Steamer retroelement, the presence of which is associated with the development of tumors in molluscs, can be transmitted horizontally between these invertebrates. In addition, it is able to pass into organisms of other types of aquatic animals, including vertebrates, sea urchins and corals. Conclusions. The study of the retroelements of fish and molluscs, as the most ancient organisms, makes it possible to more fully trace the stages of evolution of aquatic animals. It was shown that retroelements of fish and molluscs play an important role in the development of antiviral defense in vertebrates. The low cost of mollusks and well-developed methods of their cultivation put these invertebrates at the forefront as model systems for studying the molecular mechanisms of tumor processes in vertebrates and humans.Keywords: retroelements, fish, molluscs, tumors.
Traditions of using jewelry and precious metals in customs, religion and folklore of the Tatars
Authors: Rashitov Danil Damirovich
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the historical-culturological component of jewelry and precious metals in culture and living environment of the Volga Tatars. Emphasis is placed on the customs, folklore and religious aspects with mentioning on the jewelry and precious metals. Detailed description is given to the current situation and meaning of jewelry within the framework of the topic of research. The goal lies in conducting a historical-culturological overview and analysis of jewelry and precious metals in the context of spiritual culture of the Volga Tatars, which necessitates to examine the cult component of jewelry and images related to precious metals. The author also touches upon the influence of pre-Islamic and Islamic culture upon the survived artifacts. Analysis is conducted on such aspects of the Tatar culture, which indicate correlation between jewelry, spiritual heritage, and religion. The author point out the instances when jewelry reflects intangible culture in the material component of the Tatar people; as well as reveals the unique code of the Tatar culture that to one or another extent is depicted on jewelry items. The article reviews some cultural traces of the period before the Bulgars, and chronological development of the Tatar culture up to the present day under the influence of Islam.
Soviet everyday life: migrations from rural areas to the city, and their reflection in cinematography (1930-1980)
Authors: Sidorova Galina Petrovna
Published: February 2021

The subject of this research is the historical-typological peculiarities of reflection in the Soviet cinematography of 1930s – mid 1980s of internal migrations, primarily from the rural areas, as well as determination in the historical dynamics of their value motivations, factors, means, and gender peculiarities. The object this research is the Soviet everyday life as a holistic lifeworld since the early 1930s to the early 1980s, which includes the three eras of spiritual life of the Soviet society: totalitarianism, “thaw”, and the “70s”. The subject of research is viewed in correlation of the ideological and everyday levels of life in their historical dynamics. The article employs the historical typology of culture, content analysis, comparative and hermeneutic methods. The theoretical substantiation of this study consists in the conceptual positions on the artistic methods of the cognition of culture. The conclusion is made that the images of migration in cinematography of the totalitarian period by factors, motives and means are inaccurate. However, from the perspective of systemic-holistic approach, the “typical” artistic images, which inaccurately reflected the internal migrations, expressed the profound essence of Soviet culture of the totalitarian period: concealment of truth and romanticization of reality. In the more realistic depictions of the cinematography of “thaw” period was reflected the “truth of life” and aesthetization of reality, naturalistic style, and social optimism. The formal and “enlightening” depictions of the “70s” translated the in-depth essence of this period: escalation of all-round crisis. Cinematographic works that in one or another way touched upon the theme of internal migrations, namely in the 1950s and 1980s, reflected the binary nature of the Russian-Soviet culture and mentality.
The Need for New Directions on Conservation Agriculture towards Weed Management: Review
Authors: Nisa Rifat Un , Bhat Tauseef A. , Sheikh Tahir A. , Wani Owais Ali , Bhat M. Anwar , Nazir Ajaz , Fayaz Suhail , Khan Owais A. , Jan Seerat , Gull Razia , Rashid Umer
Published: February 2021

Agriculture conservation practices such as minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil covering by crop residues or cover crops, and crop rotations leads to higher farm productivity. Although conservation agriculture has been adopted in India since its inception, it has now been successfully used in Indo Gangetic Plains irrigated rice-wheat cropping systems and has recently been made known in parts of central India. In conservation agricultural system, cover crops play an important role in weed control, but their adoption level is still limited Changes in tillage practices, planting schemes, and other management techniques can change the soil environment and trigger a significant change in weed flora In intense tillage operations early season weed control could be obtained by turning the soil, which disrupts the germination of weed seeds and the growth of seedlings through burial. In addition, soil-administered herbicides that do not need to be manifested can have less persistence and efficacy in the presence of plant residues that can hinder and bind the chemical before it reaches the soil surface. Selective herbicide compounds that are effective on weed species and not on a specific crop, conferring non-selective herbicide tolerance on a crop may be enormously effectual for potent weed control.
Anti-Anaemic Effect of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Extract on Phenyl Hydrazine-Treated Rats
Authors: Kutshik R. J. , Jiyil M. K. , Mafuyai C. E. , Ichor L. L.
Published: February 2021

Background: Anaemia is one of the world's threatening disease conditions of blood disorder that leads to the decrease in red blood cells which affects people of all ages.

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf extract on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride induced anaemia in albino rats.

Study Duration: This study was conducted on 30th June 2019 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.

Methodology: A total of 16 rats were split into four groups. Group A the baseline for negative control, group B positive control, group C pre-treatment and group D post-treatment. Induction was done by intraperitoneal with phenylhydrazine at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Blood was taken for each 2 days interval for PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb. Preliminary phytochemical screening was investigated by standard procedures.

Results: The results show a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum PCV, RBC, WBC and Hb concentration when compared with the untreated group. Decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase (15.46±4.443 & 7.80±0.429), aspartate aminotransferase (20.89±1.095 & 11.66±0.898), total bilirubin (13.70±0.351 & 10.45±0.620), direct bilirubin (7.49±0.659 & 3.76±0.042) and alkaline phosphatase (254.25±2.287 & 192.00±1.474) and a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum protein and albumin when compared with untreated group. Iron binding shows a significantly (P<0.05) increase (153.49±0.530 & 166.09±1.334) and (85.16±0.824 &98.43±0.562) while there was a significant (p<0.05) decrease in serum Urea (2.39±0.027&4.70±0.047), Creatinine (68.38±0.404&75.01±0.891), and Uric acid (234.92±2.761&246.52±1.136) when compared with the baselines. 

Conclusion: The positive effect of the vegetable may be attributed to its rich phytochemicals, nutrients which supports the use of the leaves for food and ethnomedicinal purposes in many parts of Nigeria.
Antidiabetic Activity of Physalis angulata in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Mafuyai C. E. , Luka C. D. , Jiyil M. K. , Okon .
Published: February 2021

Background: Physalis angulata have been extensively used for the management of diabetes in folklore medicine, in Nigeria.

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Physalis angulata and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Study Duration: The period of the study was done on 30th September, 2018 at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, university of Jos, Nigeria.

Methodology: Albino rats of Wistar strain weighing between 200g to 250g were induced with single freshly prepared streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body weight). Diabetes was confirmed after forty eight hours in streptozotocin -induced rats showing fasting blood glucose levels > 10 mmol/l. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) experimental groups (n = 4). A (Control diabetic group fed with normal feed), Group B (Normal control fed with normal feed), Group Group C (Diabetic rats treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight extract of Physalis angulata and Group D, (Diabetic rats are treated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of glibenclamide). After 8 days the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological analysis. Changes in the animal body weights were also measured within the period.

Results: From the results, it was observed that treatment of rats with extract of Physalis angulata elevates the reduction of body weight, and caused an increase in the body weight of the treated rats. In the same order, serum glucose significantly decreased (p<0.05) after the 8-day treatment compared to diabetic control. The extent of reversal of hyperglycemia in the physalis angulata extract treated animals compared well with the glibenclamide treated group. The results, therefore, showed that Physalis angulata extract has a significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect in diabetic rats and the histopathological results of treated groups showed the regenerative/protective effect on
Partial amino acid sequence of a human seminal plasma peptide with inhibin‐like activity
Authors: Seidah N.G. , Ramasharma K. , Sairam M.R. , Chrétien M.
Published: July 2002

An extract of human seminal plasma was found to have inhibin‐like activity. The active factor was purified to homogeneity by ion exchange chromatography, molecular sieving and high performance liquid chromatography. The purified material has a mass of approximately 5 kDa and is very basic. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of approximately 35 residues while the sequencing data allowed the determination of the N‐terminal 31 amino acids. There is a possibility of an additional 2–4 residues at the C‐terminus, which could not be determined.
Occurrence of ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase in plant cell fraction of soybean root nodules (Glycine max)
Authors: Suzuki Akira , Vidal Jean , Nguyen Jacqueline , Gadal Pierre
Published: July 2002

Ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.7.1) and NADH‐dependent glutamate synthase (EC 1.4.1.14) have been identified in the plant cells of soybean nodules. Ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase is 2‐fold more active than NADH‐dependent enzyme in vitro. Ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase cross‐reacts with IgG against ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase of rice green leaves, whereas NADH‐dependent glutamate synthase does not recognize the IgG, indicating that there are two distinct enzyme proteins. Ferredoxin‐dependent glutamate synthase is composed of polypeptide chain(s) of 165 kDa and has a high affinity to spinach leaf ferredoxin as an electron carrier.
Wheat gluten elasticity: a similar molecular basis to elastin?
Authors: Tatham Arthur S. , Shewry Peter R. , Miflin Benjamin J.
Published: July 2002

Wheat
Gluten protein
Secondary structure
Elasticity
Electron microscopic investigations on the structure of lectin I from Viscum album L.
Authors: Lutsch G. , Noll F. , Ziska P. , Kindt A. , Franz H.
Published: July 2002

Molecules of mistletoe lectin I (ML I) were investigated electron microscopically by negative staining with uranyl salts. An equilibrium was found between monomers and dimers at the used protein concentration. ML I monomers show a nearly triangular or rounded profile with dimensions of 80 × 90 Å. ML I dimers are rod‐like particles composed of two triangular parts which are dislocated against each other. In another view the dimers appear thinner without a pronounced substructure. The dimensions of the dimers are 175 × 80 × 60 Å.
Active oxygen forms in photoreaction between DNA and furanochromones khellin and visnagin
Authors: Martelli P. , Bovalini L , Ferri S. , Franchi G.G. , Bari M.
Published: July 2002

The two furanochromones khellin and visnagin react with DNA under irradiation by 365 nm light, forming photoadducts. Recently, the use of khellin as therapeutic agent for skin diseases has been proposed. It is well known that during the formation of photoadducts toxic active oxygen forms are produced. We studied therefore the behaviour of the two furanochromones as producers of 1O−
2, and O−
2 results indicate that visnagin is a strong generator of both Superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen, while khellin does not exhibit strong production of 00 −
2 which is promptly quenched by Superoxide dismutase.
Amino acid sequence of the predominant basic protein in human seminal plasma
Authors: Lilja H. , Jeppsson J.-O.
Published: July 2002

The predominant basic protein in liquefied human seminal plasma is the major degradation product of the gel‐forming protein secreted by the seminal vesicles. The amino acid sequence of this basic protein is presented. The basic protein contains 52 amino acid residues. It is devoid of cysteine, methionine, tryptophan, and leucine, but contains seven histidine residues located in the NH2‐terminal half of the molecule. The calculated M
r of 5753 is in close agreement with that obtained from gel filtration in guanidine‐HCl on Sephacryl S‐200(M
r = 6000).
Extraction, partial purification and functional reconstitution of two mitochondrial carriers transporting keto acids: 2‐oxoglutarate and pyruvate
Authors: Nałȩcz Maciej J. , Nałȩcz Katarzyna A. , Broger Clemens , Bolli Reinhard , Wojtczak Lech , Azzi Angelo
Published: July 2002

Bovine heart submitochondrial particles were treated with a medium containing Triton X‐114 and cardiolipin. The extract was subjected to hydroxyapatite chromatography. Only a few major polypeptides of similar molecular masses were found in the eluate, as shown by electrophoresis in an SDS‐polyacrylamide gel stained with silver. The eluate was reconstituted into liposomes and was shown to catalyse two different transport activities: 2‐oxoglutarate‐2‐oxoglutarate exchange sensitive to phthalonate and phenylsuccinate and pyruvate‐pyruvate exchange sensitive to 2‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamate. Since both activities were found to have characteristics similar to those described for intact mitochondria, it was concluded that at least two of the polypeptides found in the hydroxyapatite eluate correspond to the two mitochondrial carriers.