bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity of a New Portable Sensor to Measure Velocity-Based Resistance Training
Authors: Justo-Álvarez Alejandro , García-López Juan , Sabido Rafael , García-Valverde Adrián
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Vitruve linear encoder compared to the T-Force device for measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) during the free-weight bench press exercise. Thirteen resistance-trained men participated in three sessions, during which MPV and PV were recorded simultaneously by both devices. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, Bland–Altman analysis, and effect size calculations, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The results showed discrepancies between the Vitruve and T-Force devices across different intensity levels. Specifically, the Vitruve device generally reported higher MPV and lower PV values, particularly at moderate and low intensities. Vitruve was deemed useful for MPV measurements, especially at velocities below 0.65 m/s during free-weight bench press exercises. In conclusion, the Vitruve device overestimated MPV and underestimated PV at moderate and low loads (>0.65 m·s−1), with the discrepancies increasing as velocity rose. It can provide valuable data for monitoring and assessing resistance training programs focused on MPV at heavier loads (<0.65 m·s−1). Researchers and practitioners should take these findings into account when incorporating the Vitruve into velocity-based strength training protocols.
Shutter-Synchronized Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Wafer-Scale Homogeneous GaAs and Telecom Wavelength Quantum Emitter Growth
Authors: Kersting Elias , Babin Hans-Georg , Spitzer Nikolai , Yan Jun-Yong , Liu Feng , Wieck Andreas D. , Ludwig Arne
Published: January 2025

Quantum dot (QD)-based single-photon emitter devices today are based on self-assembled random position nucleated QDs emitting at random wavelengths. Deterministic QD growth in position and emitter wavelength would be highly appreciated for industry-scale high-yield device manufacturing from wafers. Local droplet etching during molecular beam epitaxy is an all in situ method that allows excellent density control and predetermines the nucleation site of quantum dots. This method can produce strain-free GaAs QDs with excellent photonic and spin properties. Here, we focus on the emitter wavelength homogeneity. By wafer rotation-synchronized shutter opening time and adapted growth parameters, we grow QDs with a narrow peak emission wavelength homogeneity with no more than 1.2 nm shifts on a 45 mm diameter area and a narrow inhomogeneous ensemble broadening of only 2 nm at 4 K. The emission wavelength of these strain-free GaAs QDs is <800 nm, attractive for quantum optics experiments and quantum memory applications. We can use a similar random local droplet nucleation, nanohole drilling, and now, InAs infilling to produce QDs emitting in the telecommunication optical fiber transparency window around 1.3 µm, the so-called O-band. For this approach, we demonstrate good wavelength homogeneity and excellent density homogeneity beyond the possibilities of standard Stranski–Krastanov self-assembly. We discuss our methodology, structural and optical properties, and limitations set by our current setup capabilities.
Non-Thrombotic Filling Defects in Cerebral Veins and Sinuses: When Normal Structures Mimic a Disease
Authors: Zedde Marialuisa , Pascarella Rosario
Published: January 2025

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare and potentially critical cerebrovascular disease involving intracranial dural sinuses and veins. The diagnosis is a stepwise pathway starting from clinical suspicion and employing several neuroradiological techniques, mainly Computed Tomography (CT)-based and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-based modalities. The neuroradiological findings, both in the diagnostic phase and in the follow-up phase, may provide some results at risk for misdiagnosis. Non-thrombotic filling defects of intracranial dural sinuses are among them, and the potential sources are artefactual and or anatomical (venous septa and arachnoid granulations). The misdiagnosis of these findings as CVT is potentially linked to dangerous consequences. A potential strategy to avoid this is to increase the knowledge about technical and anatomical reasons for non-thrombotic filling defects of intracranial dural sinuses and their imaging features. The main aim of this review is to address these issues, including the variability of the intracranial venous pathways, providing the solutions for overcoming the above-cited potential misdiagnosis of non-thrombotic filling defects as CVT.
Metabolite-Induced Apoptosis by Gundelia tournefortii in A549 Lung Cancer Cells: A Cytotoxic and Gene Expression Study
Authors: Yuksel Aysun , Celayir Damla Nur , Yenilmez Tunoglu Ezgi Nurdan , Tutar Lütfi , Tutar Yusuf
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Gundelia tournefortii (Kenger) is a traditional medicinal plant and exhibits potential anticancer properties. This study investigates the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of its water extract on human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Methods: A lung cancer cell line was treated with Gundelia tournefortii extract. The metabolic content of the extract that plays key roles in anticancer was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anticancer properties were further detected by a flow cytometer apoptosis assay, and signaling pathways were determined by a PCR array through hub gene expression alteration. Gene enrichment analysis and network pharmacology correlated metabolites and pathways that were involved in anticancer effects. Results: The metabolite content of G. tournefortii was analyzed, and gallic acid, clorogenic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, apigenin 7 glucoside, and cinnamic acid were detected as key compounds. Lung cancer cell line A549 was treated with the extract at increasing concentrations for 24, 48, and 72 h, and its effects on cell viability were determined by MTT analysis. A statistically significant difference was observed for IC50 concentrations depending on incubation times. It was also observed that the G. tournefortii water extract significantly increased apoptosis in A549 cells in comparison with the control group. G. tournefortii extract’s effect on lung cancer cell line was measured using the signal pathway PCR array gene set. Gene enrichment analysis of the array expression data confirmed activation of apoptosis-related pathways, particularly the upregulation of BAX and downregulation of HSP90. Conclusions: These findings suggest that G. tournefortii metabolites provide promising selective anticancer drug candidates and potential drug templates to prevent side effects and resistance of current clinical drug treatments.
Vitamin D Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms (rs4588 and rs7041) and VDBP Levels in Total Hip Replacement Outcomes
Authors: Rozmus Dominika , Fiedorowicz Ewa , Płomiński Janusz , Cieślińska Anna
Published: January 2025

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) significantly improves patients’ quality of life; however, prosthesis loosening remains a significant complication. Vitamin D, essential for calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization, is transported and stabilized by vitamin D binding protein (VDBP). Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDBP gene, rs4588 and rs7041, may influence serum vitamin D levels and potentially impact THR outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the association between these SNPs, serum levels of VDBP and 25(OH)D, and their potential roles in THR outcomes. Methods: The study included three patient groups: (1) patients undergoing arthroscopy after a THR without prosthesis loosening (CA—Control Arthroplasty), (2) patients with hip prosthesis loosening (L—Loosening), and (3) a control group (C—Control). Genotyping of rs4588 and rs7041 in the VDBP gene was conducted using PCR-RFLP and TaqMan Genotyping real-time PCR. Serum levels of VDBP and 25(OH)D were measured using ELISA. Comparisons between groups were performed using statistical analyses, including odds ratios (OR) and significance testing (p-values). Results: There are significant differences in VDBP concentrations between the groups: L vs. CA (p < 0.0001), L vs. C (p = 0.0118), L vs. L + CA (p = 0.0013), CA vs. C (p < 0.0001), and CA vs. L + CA (p < 0.0001), and in 25(OH)D concentrations between groups: L vs. C (p < 0.0001), CA vs. C (p = 0.0008), and C vs. L + CA (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The study findings suggest a protective role of 25(OH)D against prosthesis loosening in THR. The rs4588 SNP in the VDBP gene may increase the risk of loosening, while differences in VDBP and 25(OH)D concentrations between patient groups highlight their potential importance in THR outcomes.
Dioctophyme renale in a 5-Month-Old Puppy from Delta del Tigre, Uruguay
Authors: Navratil-Oronoz Alejandra , Fernández María Inés , Neumann Wadeer Gillian , Machín Federico , Maggio Agustín , Gago Laura , Armúa-Fernández María Teresa
Published: January 2025

Dioctophyme renale, also known as the giant red kidney worm, is a parasitic nematode that infects various mammalian hosts, including dogs, and is associated with an important renal pathology. This case report describes the first known D. renale parasitism in a 5-month-old puppy from Uruguay. The animal presented with hematuria and was diagnosed through abdominal ultrasonography, which revealed characteristic ring-like structures in the right kidney, and urine sedimentation, which confirmed the presence of D. renale eggs. The dog underwent nephrectomy to remove the adult female parasite. While D. renale is typically associated with a prepatent period of 3.5 to 6 months in canines, this case is notable for the early presence of a mature parasite in a young dog. This finding suggests the possibility of a shorter prepatent period or alternative transmission routes, such as transplacental or lactogenic transmission. The case highlights the importance of including dioctophymosis in the differential diagnosis of young puppies in endemic areas, especially near freshwater sources. Given the zoonotic potential of D. renale, this case emphasizes the need for surveillance of this parasite, particularly in regions where untreated water and fish consumption pose risks to both animals and humans.
Seroprevalence of Borrelia, Anaplasma, Bartonella, Toxoplasma, Mycoplasma, Yersinia, and Chlamydia in Human Population from Eastern Poland
Authors: Wójcik-Fatla Angelina , Sawczyn-Domańska Anna , Kloc Anna , Krzowska-Firych Joanna , Sroka Jacek
Published: January 2025

The epidemiological situation related to infectious diseases is influenced by many factors. To monitor actual trends in selected zoonoses, a total of 473 serum samples from farmers, forestry workers, and veterinarians were collected for serological examination. Anti-Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) antibodies were tested with ELISA and Western blot (WB) tests; the detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was performed using an enzyme linked fluorescence assay (ELFA). Antibodies to bartonellosis, anaplasmosis, and chlamydiosis were determined by indirect immunofluorescent test (IFA), whereas antibodies to yersiniosis and mycoplasmosis were confirmed in the ELISA test. Positive or borderline results of antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. in the ELISA test were detected in 33.8% of the study population. The borderline or positive ELISA test results for at least one antibody class were confirmed by WB in 58.7% of cases. The IgG antibodies against Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Toxoplasma gondii, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were detected in 9.6%, 51.7%, and 63.6% of samples, respectively. Antibodies against Yersinia spp., Bartonella henselae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae were found to vary between 43 and 47%.
Exploring the Link Between Periodontitis and Alzheimer’s Disease—Could a Nanoparticulate Vaccine Break It?
Authors: Ferreira da Silva André , Gomes Alexandra , Gonçalves Lídia M. D. , Fernandes Adelaide , Almeida António J.
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, as approximately 55 million people worldwide are affected, with a significant tendency to increase. It reveals three main pathological features: amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation, responsible for the neurodegenerative changes that slowly lead to deterioration of personality and cognitive control. Over a century after the first case report, effective treatments remain elusive, likely due to an incomplete understanding of the precise mechanisms driving its pathogenesis. Recent studies provide growing evidence of an infectious aetiology for AD, a hypothesis reinforced by findings that amyloid beta functions as an antimicrobial peptide. Among the microorganisms already associated with AD, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the keystone pathogen of periodontitis (PeD), has received particular attention as a possible aetiological agent for AD development. Herein, we review the epidemiological and genetic evidence linking PeD and Pg to AD, highlighting the identification of periodontal bacteria in post mortem analysis of AD patients’ brains and identifying putative mechanistic links relevant to the biological plausibility of the association. With the focus on AD research shifting from cure to prevention, the proposed mechanisms linking PeD to AD open the door for unravelling new prophylactic approaches able to reduce the global burden of AD. As hypothesised in this review, these could include a bionanotechnological approach involving the development of an oral nanoparticulate vaccine based on Pg-specific antigens. Such a vaccine could prevent Pg antigens from progressing to the brain and triggering AD pathology, representing a promising step toward innovative and effective AD prevention.
Novel Hydrogel-Mediated Lentiviral Gene Delivery via Intravesical Administration for Bladder Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Ching-Wen , Chen Po-Hen , Lin Kai-Jen , Cheng Yu-Ting , Chang Li-Ching
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Bladder urothelial carcinoma is a frequent malignant tumor of the urinary system, characterized by its high rates of recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. This study explored the beneficial effects of overexpressing WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) in AY-27 cells encapsulated in an injectable gelatin hydrogel for potential therapeutic applications in bladder cancer. Methods: AY-27 cells were genetically transduced with lentiviruses (LV) to overexpress WWOX (LV-WWOX) and subsequently encapsulated in a gelatin hydrogel. The mechanical properties and morphology of the hydrogels were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The therapeutic efficacy of this approach was evaluated using an F344/AY-27 rat orthotopic bladder cancer model, in which the LV-WWOX-hydrogel (H-LV-WWOX) was administered via intravesical instillation. Results: The gelatin hydrogel formulation demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, stability, and controlled release. In a rat orthotopic model, intravesical instillation of H-LV-WWOX significantly enhanced local immune responses, resulting in notable tumor regression. Compared to the sham-treated group, this approach reduced systemic toxicity and improved overall treatment outcomes. The anticancer effect of WWOX can be attributed to its ability to amplify TNF-α-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. This ROS-mediated pathway leads to enhanced apoptosis and DNA damage in cancer cells, highlighting the potential mechanism through which WWOX exhibits tumor-suppressive activities. Conclusions: These findings support the therapeutic potential of WWOX overexpression in gelatin hydrogels for bladder cancer treatment and warrant further clinical investigation.
Mechanisms of Increase of Winter Wheat Frost Resistance Under Tebuconazole Treatment at Early Stage of Growth: Role of Hormone- and Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Signaling Pathways
Authors: Korsukova Anna V. , Lyubushkina Irina V. , Zabanova Natalya S. , Berezhnaya Ekaterina V. , Polyakova Elizaveta A. , Pobezhimova Tamara P. , Kirichenko Kuzma A. , Dorofeev Nikolay V. , Dudareva Lyubov V. , Grabelnych Olga I.
Published: January 2025

1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives, including tebuconazole, have been reported to show positive physiological effects in cereals apart from fungicidal activity and to increase plants’ tolerance against temperature stress. This study investigates the mechanisms of increasing frost resistance of etiolated winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., “Irkutskaya” variety) seedlings by tebuconazole-based seed dresser “Bunker” (1.5 μL g−1 of seeds) and tebuconazole (30 μg g−1 of seeds). To identify ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways of frost resistance, we used fluridone (FLD, 5 mg L−1), an inhibitor of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. FLD effectively inhibited the accumulation of carotenoids in the shoots and prevented the formation of carotenoids caused by the “Bunker” and tebuconazole. In non-hardened seedlings, FLD stimulated coleoptile and first leaf growth, but did not suppress the growth inhibitory effects of “Bunker” and tebuconazole. In shoots of hardened seedlings, FLD reduced the retarding effect of tebuconazole. Regardless of seedling age, temperature, and the protectant treatment, FLD had no effect on the sugar content in the shoots. FLD did not essentially influence frost resistance induced by “Bunker” and tebuconazole in cold-hardened seedlings. Fluridone increased H2O2 content and guaiacol peroxidase activity under control conditions (both with tebuconazole and without tebuconazole) and during cold hardening (in seedlings from seeds treated with tebuconazole). ABA levels in cold-hardened seedlings treated with FLD alone, tebuconazole alone, or a combination of the two were two to three times lower than in untreated hardened seedlings. Changes in indole-3-acetic and salicylic acids in response to FLD and tebuconazole treatment indicate complex interactions with signaling cellular systems. Our results suggest that tebuconazole activates ABA-independent pathways more strongly than ABA-dependent pathways in enhancing frost resistance. The potential mechanisms of tebuconazole action in plant cells are discussed.
Thermo-Tuning Fourier Transform Spectrometer Based on SU-8 Waveguide
Authors: Shao Qiongchan , Ma Xiao , Li Mingyu , He Jian-Jun
Published: January 2025

On-chip Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) is a promising technology due to the compact size, low cost, and relatively high throughput. In this work, we design, fabricate, and characterize a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) FTS based on SU-8 polymer waveguide. The optical path length difference of MZI is tuned by a heater with a maximum power consumption of 2.2 W. The interference signal is analyzed by Fourier transform algorithm, to retrieve the spectrum of light source. The footprint of the fabricated FTS device is only 2 × 12 mm2, with the spectral bandwidth of ~100 nm and resolution <20 nm.
Alkali Metal Ion Insertion in Polypyrrole Polyoxometalates for Multifunctional Actuator–Sensor–Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Kiefer Rudolf , Nguyen Ngoc Tuan , Le Quoc Bao
Published: January 2025

Modern research technology’s goal is to produce multifunctional materials that require low energy. In this work, we have applied polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecyl benzenesulfonate (DBS-) with the addition of polyoxometalates (POM) such as phosphotungstic acid (PTA) forming PPyDBS-PT composites. Two different PTA concentrations (4 mM and 8 mM) were used to form PPyDBS-PT4 and PPyDBS-PT8. The higher concentration of PTA created a highly dense and compact film which can be observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM cross-section image), and also contains fewer phosphotungstate anions (PT3−) inclusion (via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDX). Three different aqueous electrolytes, LiCl (lithium chloride), NaCl (sodium chloride), and KCl (potassium chloride), were applied to investigate how those alkali metal ions perform as typical cation-driven actuators. Cyclic voltammetry with linear actuation revealed the tendency LiCl > NaCl > KCl in view of better strain, charge density, electronic conductivity, and Young’s modulus of PPyDBS-PT4 outperformed PPyDBS-PT8. Chronopotentiometric measurements showed high specific capacitance for PPyDBS-PT4 at 260.6 ± 21 F g−1 with capacity retention after 5000 cycles of 88.5%. The sensor calibration of PPyDBS-PT4 revealed that the alkali cations (Li+, Na+, and K+) can be differentiated from each other. The PPyDBS-PT4 has multifunctional applications such as actuators, sensors, and energy storage.
Machine Learning-Based Two-Dimensional Ultraviolet Spectroscopy for Monitoring Protein Structures and Dynamics
Authors: Jiang Songnan , Jiang Jiale , Yan Tong , Yin Huamei , Wang Lu , Zhang Jinxiao
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional ultraviolet (2DUV) spectroscopy is an emerging spectroscopic technique that offers high resolution and detailed insights into protein structures. However, traditional theoretical calculations of 2DUV spectra for proteins are computationally expensive due to their complex and flexible structures. In this study, we developed a machine learning (ML)-based approach for the rapid and accurate prediction of protein 2DUV spectra. The results demonstrate that, compared to traditional one-dimensional ultraviolet (1DUV) spectroscopy, 2DUV spectroscopy provides higher resolution structural characterization and effectively monitors dynamic processes such as mutations, aggregation, and protein folding. This approach not only offers a cost-effective ML-based solution for predicting 2DUV spectra but also serves as a powerful tool for studying protein structures and dynamics, with potential applications in understanding mechanisms and regulating functions.
A Study on Equivalent Series Resistance Estimation Compensation for DC-Link Capacitor Life Diagnosis of Propulsion Drive in Electric Propulsion Ship
Authors: Roh Chan , Jeon Hyeon-min , Kim Seong-wan , Kim Jong-su , Song Sung-woo , Lee Na-young , Kang Seok-cheon
Published: January 2025

This study proposes a novel fault diagnosis algorithm based on Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) estimation to enhance the accuracy of capacitor life diagnosis techniques for the DC link in marine electric propulsion systems. Accurate ESR estimation is critical for maintaining the reliability and efficiency of DC-Link capacitors, which play a key role in stabilizing voltage, reducing harmonics, and ensuring the smooth operation of electric propulsion systems. By preventing capacitor failures, this algorithm contributes to reducing the risk of catastrophic damage to entire systems. The ESR value is determined by extracting AC voltage and current data within the frequency range of 10 kHz to 30 kHz using a band-pass filter. To improve reliability, the algorithm compensates for input errors based on the modulation index and switching pattern, with error data stored in a lookup table. By addressing limitations in existing ESR estimation techniques, the proposed method reduces estimation errors across the entire range and enhances fault diagnosis accuracy. Experimental results validate the algorithm’s improved accuracy, reliability, and stability, demonstrating its effectiveness in preventing damage to power conversion devices.
Enhancing Oil Recovery in Vertical Heterogeneous Sandstone Reservoirs Using Low-Frequency Pulsating Water Injection
Authors: Mwangupili Osmund , Pu Chunsheng
Published: January 2025

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques, such as water flooding, often face significant challenges in heterogeneous reservoirs, mainly due to permeability variations that hinder effective oil displacement. This study investigated the impact of pulsating water flooding on oil recovery in reservoirs with vertical heterogeneity, focusing on interlayer and inlayer permeability variations. Laboratory experiments were conducted using cylindrical sand pack models with varying permeability to compare steady-state and pulsating water injection methods. The results demonstrated that pulsating water flooding significantly improved vertical sweep efficiency (VSE) and overall oil recovery, particularly in low-permeability zones. Pulsations helped mobilize trapped oil and redistributed injected water more evenly, mitigating the adverse effects of early water breakthrough and enhancing sweep efficiency. For interlayer heterogeneity, pulsating water injection increased total recovery by 23.2%, 8.9%, and 6.6% for core groups with permeability contrasts of 307.9 × 10⁻3 μm2, 193.9 × 10⁻3 μm2, and 73.25 × 10⁻3 μm2, respectively. For inlayer heterogeneity, recovery factors improved by 13.9%, 10.6%, and 3.1%, respectively. Core groups with higher permeability contrasts (i.e., larger differences between high and low permeability) experienced lower recovery under steady-state conditions, while pulsating injection mitigated these effects, resulting in higher recovery in more heterogeneous reservoirs than steady-state flooding. These findings suggest that pulsating water flooding is an effective and cost-efficient technique for enhancing oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs. It improves short-term and long-term recovery by increasing displacement efficiency, particularly in low-permeability regions, and effectively mitigates the challenges of permeability variations. As such, pulsating water flooding offers a significant improvement over steady-state flooding, providing valuable insights for EOR practices in complex reservoirs.
Climate Denialism on Social Media: Qualitative Analysis of Comments on Portuguese Newspaper Facebook Pages
Authors: Ramos Ricardo , Vaz Paula , Rodrigues Maria José
Published: January 2025

Climate denialism represents a significant challenge to public awareness and the implementation of effective environmental policies. In Portugal, as in other countries, social networks have been the place where denialist ideas are disseminated, influencing the public perception of the climate crisis. This research aims to understand how denialist discourse manifests and spreads on digital platforms. The research question of this work is: how does climate denialist discourse manifest itself on social media in Portugal? This work has two objectives: (1) to analyze the arguments and discursive strategies used by climate deniers in comments on Facebook, specifically on the pages of the three largest Portuguese newspapers, and (2) to understand the social and discursive dynamics that underpin their beliefs. This work adopted a qualitative methodology that involved manual data collection during the month of September 2024. Posts about climate that were informative were selected. The comments were examined manually and categorized by type of discourse. This approach enabled capturing specific nuances and contexts of denial discourses, providing a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The study concluded that (I) comments that use fallacies or rhetoric that deny the climate crisis tended to receive more “likes” and approval from users; (II) fallacies that do not offer scientific evidence to refute the existence of climate change were identified in all these comments.
Unveiling the Volcanic History of Ancient Pompeii (Italy): New Insights from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene (Pre-79 CE) Stratigraphy
Authors: Sparice Domenico , Di Vito Mauro Antonio , Amato Vincenzo , Amoretti Valeria , Russo Alessandro , Talamo Pierfrancesco , Zuchtriegel Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Many volcanological and geoarchaeological studies in the ancient city of Pompeii (Italy) have been devoted to the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius, which sealed the city under a thick pyroclastic sequence. Only fragmentary information exists regarding the stratigraphy of the volcanic sediments sandwiched between the 79 CE street level and the volcanic rocks that form the geological framework of the hill on which Pompeii was built, which constitutes the “Pompeii bedrock”. The stratigraphic survey of twenty-one trenches throughout the city, coupled with a geochemical characterization, highlighted that the pre-79 CE stratigraphy includes at least eight late Pleistocene to Holocene tephra layers. Six eruptions were sourced from Somma–Vesuvius (Pomici di Base, Mercato, AP1 to AP4) and two originated from Campi Flegrei (Neapolitan Yellow Tuff and Soccavo 4). The Pompeii bedrock is the product of local vents, the last activity of which possibly shortly predates the 22 ka Pomici di Base eruption. From a geoarchaeological perspective, a relevant result is the absence of the 3.9 ka Avellino tephra in all trenches. This evidence, along with the reappraisal of the stratigraphy of the nearby archaeological site of S. Abbondio, suggests that the Avellino eruption possibly only marginally affected the Pompeii area during the Early Bronze Age.
What Is Hell? How Daoism Challenges the Strong View
Authors: Schachter Bony
Published: January 2025

This article argues that Daoism embodies a performative approach to hell. To make this argument, the first section summarizes the “strong view of hell”. The second section explores how the Daoist text Scripture of the Three Offices (Sanguan jing 三官經) describes hell. The third section examines how the Daoist priest Nie Shihao 聶士豪 (fl. 1691) interprets this description of hell. His commentary shows that Chinese rituals constitute a venue whereby social actors pursue ritual criticism and self-reflexivity.
A Structurally Flexible Occupancy Network for 3-D Target Reconstruction Using 2-D SAR Images
Authors: Yu Lingjuan , Liu Jianlong , Liang Miaomiao , Yu Xiangchun , Xie Xiaochun , Bi Hui , Hong Wen
Published: January 2025

Driven by deep learning, three-dimensional (3-D) target reconstruction from two-dimensional (2-D) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images has been developed. However, there is still room for improvement in the reconstruction quality. In this paper, we propose a structurally flexible occupancy network (SFONet) to achieve high-quality reconstruction of a 3-D target using one or more 2-D SAR images. The SFONet consists of a basic network and a pluggable module that allows it to switch between two input modes: one azimuthal image and multiple azimuthal images. Furthermore, the pluggable module is designed to include a complex-valued (CV) long short-term memory (LSTM) submodule and a CV attention submodule, where the former extracts structural features of the target from multiple azimuthal SAR images, and the latter fuses these features. When two input modes coexist, we also propose a two-stage training strategy. The basic network is trained in the first stage using one azimuthal SAR image as the input. In the second stage, the basic network trained in the first stage is fixed, and only the pluggable module is trained using multiple azimuthal SAR images as the input. Finally, we construct an experimental dataset containing 2-D SAR images and 3-D ground truth by utilizing the publicly available Gotcha echo dataset. Experimental results show that once the SFONet is trained, a 3-D target can be reconstructed using one or more azimuthal images, exhibiting higher quality than other deep learning-based 3-D reconstruction methods. Moreover, when the composition of a training sample is reasonable, the number of samples required for the SFONet training can be reduced.
RETRACTED: Ji et al. Temporal-Difference Graph-Based Optimization for High-Quality Reconstruction of MODIS NDVI Data. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 2713
Authors: Ji Shengtai , Han Shuxin , Hu Jiaxin , Li Yuguang , Han Jing-Cheng
Published: January 2025

The Remote Sensing Editorial Office retracts the article titled “Temporal-Difference Graph-Based Optimization for High-Quality Reconstruction of MODIS NDVI Data” by Ji et al [...]
An Enhanced Sequential ISAR Image Scatterer Trajectory Association Method Utilizing Modified Label Gaussian Mixture Probability Hypothesis Density Filter
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhou Zuobang , Li Cheng , Zhou Feng
Published: January 2025

In the context of 3D geometric reconstruction from sequential inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images, the accurate scatterer trajectory association is a critical step. Aiming at the above problem, an enhanced scatterer trajectory association method is proposed by designing a modified label Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (ML-GM-PHD) filtering algorithm. The algorithm commences by constructing a general motion model for scatterers across sequential ISAR images, followed by an in-depth analysis of their motion characteristics. Subsequently, the actual projected positions and measurements of the scattering centers of the observed target are treated as random finite sets, which allows us to reformulate the scatterer trajectory association into a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation problem. After that, a ML-GM-PHD filtering algorithm is proposed to realize the scatterer trajectory association. Furthermore, the proposed method is applied to ISAR images in both the forward and reverse directions, enabling the fusion of trajectories from opposing directions to bolster the completeness of the scatterer trajectories. Finally, the factorization method is performed on the scatterer trajectory matrix to implement the 3D geometry reconstruction of the scattering centers in the observed target. Experimental results based on random points and electromagnetic data verify the effectiveness and performance priority of the proposed algorithm.
A Stained-Free Sperm Morphology Measurement Method Based on Multi-Target Instance Parsing and Measurement Accuracy Enhancement
Authors: Hao Miao , Zhai Rongan , Wang Yong , Ru Changhai , Yang Bin
Published: January 2025

Sperm morphology assessment plays a vital role in semen analysis and the diagnosis of male infertility. By quantitatively analyzing the morphological characteristics of the sperm head, midpiece, and tail, it provides essential insights for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, traditional manual evaluation methods not only rely on staining procedures that can damage the cells but also suffer from strong subjectivity and inconsistent results, underscoring the urgent need for an automated, accurate, and non-invasive method for multi-sperm morphology assessment. To address the limitations of existing techniques, this study proposes a novel method that combines a multi-scale part parsing network with a measurement accuracy enhancement strategy for non-stained sperm morphology analysis. First, a multi-scale part parsing network integrating semantic segmentation and instance segmentation is introduced to achieve instance-level parsing of sperm, enabling precise measurement of morphological parameters for each individual sperm instance. Second, to eliminate measurement errors caused by the reduced resolution of non-stained sperm images, a measurement accuracy enhancement method based on statistical analysis and signal processing is designed. This method employs an interquartile range (IQR) method to exclude outliers, Gaussian filtering to smooth data, and robust correction techniques to extract the maximum morphological features of sperm. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed multi-scale part parsing network achieves 59.3% APvolp, surpassing the state-of-the-art AIParsing by 9.20%. Compared to evaluations based solely on segmentation results, the integration of the measurement accuracy enhancement strategy significantly reduces measurement errors, with the largest reduction in errors for head, midpiece, and tail measurements reaching up to 35.0%.
Flake-Shaped Nickel Hydroxide Supported on Carbon Cloth as an Electrochemical Sensor for Efficient Detection of Phosphate Under Neutral Conditions
Authors: Jiang Haoyu , Hao Yuhan , Zhao Xu , Chen Feiyang , Zhao Chun , Suo Hui
Published: January 2025

Although the detection of phosphate can be achieved by nickel hydroxide instead of noble metals, the sensitive detection of phosphate using nickel hydroxide transformed into hydroxy nickel oxide needs to be done under alkaline conditions, which is not environmentally friendly. To solve this problem, we prepared flake-shaped nickel hydroxide-sensitive electrodes supported on carbon cloth using a low-consumption one-step method from the new strategy that the specific adsorption of nickel hydroxide to phosphate can change the electrode’s surface charge distribution and investigated their performance in detecting phosphate under neutral conditions. The specific adsorption of phosphate changed the charge distribution on the surface of the electrode, improved the electron transfer efficiency, and facilitated the valorization of nickel, while the flake-shaped nickel hydroxide provided more active sites for the electrode, which resulted in a good performance of the nickel hydroxide electrode: a sensitivity of 1530 mA mM−1 cm−2, a detection range of 1–200 μM, and the LOD of 0.59 μM (S/N = 3). This work provides an innovative idea for the determination of phosphate under neutral conditions, which has important practical applications.
Collaborative Integrated Navigation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms Under Multiple Uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Le , Cao Xiaomeng , Su Mudan , Sui Yeye
Published: January 2025

UAV swarms possess unique advantages in performing various tasks and have been successfully applied across multiple scenarios. Accurate navigation serves as the foundation and prerequisite for executing these tasks. Unlike single UAV localization, swarms enable the sharing and propagation of precise positioning information, which enhances overall swarm localization accuracy but also introduces the issue of uncertainty propagation. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an integrated navigation and positioning method that models, propagates, and mitigates uncertainties. To tackle the issue of uncertainty in information quality caused by outliers in external correction data, a robust integrated navigation method for nonlinear systems is derived based on a normal gamma distribution model. Considering uncertainty propagation, a statistical linearization model for nonlinear systems is developed. Building upon this model, an augmented measurement nonlinear least squares positioning method is applied, achieving further improvements in localization accuracy. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed method, which thoroughly accounts for the effects of multiple uncertainties, can achieve robust tracking and provide relatively accurate positioning results.
Accurate Cardiac Duration Detection for Remote Blood Pressure Estimation Using mm-Wave Doppler Radar
Authors: Wang Shengze , Bouazizi Mondher , Yang Siyuan , Ohtsuki Tomoaki
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a radar-based model for estimating blood pressure (BP) in a touch-free manner. The model accurately detects cardiac activity, allowing for contactless and continuous BP monitoring. Cardiac motions are considered crucial components for estimating blood pressure. Unfortunately, because these movements are extremely subtle and can be readily obscured by breathing and background noise, accurately detecting these motions with a radar system remains challenging. Our approach to radar-based blood pressure monitoring in this research primarily focuses on cardiac feature extraction. Initially, an integrated-spectrum waveform is implemented. The method is derived from the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and has the ability to capture and maintain minute cardiac activities. The integrated spectrum concentrates on energy changes brought about by short and high-frequency vibrations, in contrast to the pulse-wave signals used in previous works. Hence, the interference caused by respiration, random noise, and heart contractile activity can be effectively eliminated. Additionally, we present two approaches for estimating cardiac characteristics. These methods involve the application of a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) and a U-net model to extract features from the integrated spectrum. In our approach, the accuracy of extracted cardiac features is highlighted by the notable decreases in the root mean square error (RMSE) for the estimated interbeat intervals (IBIs), systolic time, and diastolic time, which were reduced by 87.5%, 88.7%, and 73.1%. We reached a comparable prediction accuracy even while our subject was breathing normally, despite previous studies requiring the subject to hold their breath. The diastolic BP (DBP) error of our model is 3.98±5.81 mmHg (mean absolute difference ± standard deviation), and the systolic BP (SBP) error is 6.52±7.51 mmHg.
Using Machine Learning to Understand Injuries in Female Agricultural Operators in the Central United States
Authors: Beseler Cheryl L. , Rautiainen Risto H.
Published: January 2025

The number of women choosing agriculture as an occupation is increasing. Agriculture is dangerous work, and women are at risk of serious injury, but the research on injuries in females is sparse. Women perform different types of farmwork and have different exposures than men. Studies have not assessed injury in a large group of female agricultural operators. In this study, we used XGBoost, a machine learning algorithm, and logistic regression to examine 17 factors hypothesized to be associated with injury in 1529 farm and ranch women. The sample was split into a training group of 1070, and the results were replicated in a test group of 459. The model accuracy was 88%. We compared the results of XGBoost to those of the logistic regression models and computed odds ratios to estimate effect sizes. We found that the two methods generally agreed. XGBoost identified the total number of musculoskeletal symptoms, age, sleep deprivation, high work-related stress, and exposure to respiratory irritants as being important to injury. The multivariate logistic regression model identified higher income, higher stress, younger age, and number of musculoskeletal symptoms as being significantly associated with injury. The analysis highlights the importance of musculoskeletal disorders and work strain to injury in women.
Occupational Risk Assessment During Carbon Fibre Sizing Using Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Damilos Spyridon , Semitekolos Dionisis , Saliakas Stratos , Kostapanou Adamantia , Charitidis Costas , Koumoulos Elias P.
Published: January 2025

Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are a lightweight alternative solution for various applications due to their mechanical and structural properties. However, debonding at the fibre–matrix interface is an important failure mechanism in composite materials. Proposed solutions include using nano-scale reinforcements to strengthen and toughen structural composites. This study covers a comprehensive approach for evaluating occupational hazards during the sizing of 6k carbon fibres using multi-walled functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and few-layer graphene (FLG) at a pilot scale. Material hazard and exposure banding showed elevated risks of exposure to nanomaterials during the sizing process, while a ‘what-if’ process hazard analysis allowed for the evaluation of hazard control options against the hypothetical process failure scenarios of human error and utilities malfunctioning. On-site measurements of airborne particles highlighted that using MWCNTs or FLG as a sizing agent had negligible effects on the overall exposure potential, and higher micro-size particle concentrations were observed at the beginning of the process, while particle size distribution showcased high concentrations of particles below 50 nm. This analysis provides a thorough investigation of the risks and potential exposure to airborne hazardous substances during CF sizing while providing insights for the effective implementation of a safe-by-design strategy for designing targeted hazard control systems.
Geospatial Clustering in Smart City Resource Management: An Initial Step in the Optimisation of Complex Technical Supply Systems
Authors: Kapanski Aliaksey A. , Klyuev Roman V. , Boltrushevich Aleksandr E. , Sorokova Svetlana N. , Efremenkov Egor A. , Demin Anton Y. , Martyushev Nikita V.
Published: January 2025

For large cities with developing infrastructures, optimising water supply systems plays a crucial role. However, without a clear understanding of the network structure and water consumption patterns, addressing these challenges becomes significantly more complex. This paper proposes a methodology for geospatial data analysis aimed at solving two key tasks. The first is the delineation of service zones for infrastructure objects to enhance system manageability. The second involves the development of an approach for the optimal placement of devices to collect and transmit hydraulic network parameters, ensuring their alignment with both water supply sources and serviced areas. The study focuses on data from the water supply network of a city with a population exceeding half a million people, where hierarchical clustering using Ward’s method was applied to analyse territorial distribution. Four territorial clusters were identified, each characterised by unique attributes reflecting consumer concentration and water consumption volumes. The cluster boundaries were compared with the existing service scheme of the system, confirming their alignment with real infrastructure. The quality of clustering was further evaluated using the silhouette coefficient, which validated the high accuracy and reliability of the chosen approach. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of cluster boundary visualisation for assessing the uniform distribution of pressure sensors within the urban water supply network. The results of the study show that integrating geographic data with water consumption information not only facilitates effective infrastructure planning and resource allocation but also lays the foundation for the digitalization of the hydraulic network, a critical component of sustainable development in modern smart cities.
Multi-Criteria Sustainability Analysis for Variable Refrigerant Flow System Manufacturer Selection: An Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach to Environmental and Technical Performance
Authors: Karakaya Turhan , Örnek Hamit Metin , Balcıoğlu Yavuz Selim
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive framework for the sustainable selection of manufacturers in variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air conditioning systems by integrating environmental impact considerations with traditional technical and economic criteria using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. This research addresses the growing need for sustainable HVAC solutions while acknowledging the complexity decision-makers face when evaluating multiple manufacturers across environmental, technical, and economic dimensions. Unlike previous studies that focus solely on technical performance or evaluate brands individually, this research introduces a novel approach by grouping manufacturers according to their country of origin (Japan, South Korea, China, Germany, Italy, and France) and assessing them through a sustainability lens. This study employs a three-tier methodology: first, utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine criteria weights with particular emphasis on environmental factors; second, developing a consensus decision matrix through expert evaluations; and third, applying VIKOR and EDAS methods for comprehensive ranking. The analysis encompasses environmental criteria, including energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and refrigerant global warming potential, alongside traditional technical, marketing, financial, and network considerations. The results indicate that while Japanese manufacturers maintain strong technical leadership, European manufacturers, particularly German ones, demonstrate superior environmental performance. These findings suggest that manufacturers can enhance their market position by balancing environmental sustainability with traditional performance metrics, particularly through improved energy efficiency, sustainable refrigerant selection, and circular economy practices. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable manufacturer selection in the HVAC industry and provides practical guidelines for decision-makers prioritizing environmental sustainability alongside technical performance.