bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Divergent Mechanisms of Interaction of Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni with Mucus and Mucins
Authors: Naughton Julie Ann , Mariño Karina , Dolan Brendan , Reid Colm , Gough Ronan , Gallagher Mary E. , Kilcoyne Michelle , Gerlach Jared Q. , Joshi Lokesh , Rudd Pauline , Carrington Stephen , Bourke Billy , Clyne Marguerite
Published: May 2013

Helicobacter pylori
and
Campylobacter jejuni
colonize the stomach and intestinal mucus, respectively. Using a combination of mucus-secreting cells, purified mucins, and a novel mucin microarray platform, we examined the interactions of these two organisms with mucus and mucins.
H. pylori
and
C. jejuni
bound to distinctly different mucins.
C. jejuni
displayed a striking tropism for chicken gastrointestinal mucins compared to mucins from other animals and preferentially bound mucins from specific avian intestinal sites (in order of descending preference: the large intestine, proximal small intestine, and cecum).
H. pylori
bound to a number of animal mucins, including porcine stomach mucin, but with less avidity than that of
C. jejuni
for chicken mucin. The strengths of interaction of various wild-type strains of
H. pylori
with different animal mucins were comparable, even though they did not all express the same adhesins. The production of mucus by HT29-MTX-E12 cells promoted higher levels of infection by
C. jejuni
and
H. pylori
than those for the non-mucus-producing parental cell lines. Both
C. jejuni
and
H. pylori
bound to HT29-MTX-E12 mucus, and while both organisms bound to glycosylated epitopes in the glycolipid fraction of the mucus, only
C. jejuni
bound to purified mucin. This study highlights the role of mucus in promoting bacterial infection and emphasizes the potential for even closely related bacteria to interact with mucus in different ways to establish successful infections.
Borrelia hermsii Acquisition Order in Superinfected Ticks Determines Transmission Efficiency
Authors: Policastro Paul F. , Raffel Sandra J. , Schwan Tom G.
Published: May 2013

Multilocus sequence typing of
Borrelia hermsii
isolates reveals its divergence into two major genomic groups (GG), but no differences in transmission efficiency or host pathogenicity are associated with these genotypes. To compare GGI and GGII in the tick-host infection cycle, we first determined if spirochetes from the two groups could superinfect the tick vector
Ornithodoros hermsi
. We infected mice with isolates from each group and fed ticks sequentially on these mice. We then fed the infected ticks on naive mice and measured GGI and GGII spirochete densities in vector and host, using quantitative PCR of genotype-specific chromosomal DNA sequences. Sequential feedings resulted in dual tick infections, showing that GGI or GGII primary acquisition did not block superinfection by a secondary agent. On transmission to naive mice at short intervals after acquisition, ticks with primary GGI and secondary GGII spirochete infections caused mixed GGI and GGII infections in mice. However, ticks with primary GGII and secondary GGI spirochete infections caused only GGII infections with all isolate pairs examined. At longer intervals after acquisition, the exclusion of GGI by GGII spirochetes declined and cotransmission predominated. We then examined GGI and GGII spirochetemia in mice following single inoculation and coinoculation by needle and found that GGI spirochete densities were reduced on multiple days when coinoculated with GGII. These findings indicate that dual GGI-GGII spirochete infections can persist in ticks and that transmission to a vertebrate host is dependent on the order of tick acquisition and the interval between acquisition and transmission events.
Cyclic di-AMP Is Critical for Listeria monocytogenes Growth, Cell Wall Homeostasis, and Establishment of Infection
Authors: Witte Chelsea E. , Whiteley Aaron T. , Burke Thomas P. , Sauer John-Demian , Portnoy Daniel A. , Woodward Joshua J.
Published: May 2013

Listeria monocytogenesinfection leads to robust induction of an innate immune signaling pathway referred to as the cytosolic surveillance pathway (CSP), characterized by expression of beta interferon (IFN-β) and coregulated genes. We previously identified the IFN-β stimulatory ligand as secreted cyclic di-AMP. Synthesis of c-di-AMP inL. monocytogenesis catalyzed by the diadenylate cyclase DacA, and multidrug resistance transporters are necessary for secretion. To identify additional bacterial factors involved inL. monocytogenesdetection by the CSP, we performed a forward genetic screen for mutants that induced altered levels of IFN-β. One mutant that stimulated elevated levels of IFN-β harbored a transposon insertion in the genelmo0052. Lmo0052, renamed here PdeA, has homology to a cyclic di-AMP phosphodiesterase, GdpP (formerly YybT), ofBacillus subtilisand is able to degrade c-di-AMP to the linear dinucleotide pApA. Reduction of c-di-AMP levels by conditional depletion of the di-adenylate cyclase DacA or overexpression of PdeA led to marked decreases in growth rates, bothin vitroand in macrophages. Additionally, mutants with altered levels of c-di-AMP had different susceptibilities to peptidoglycan-targeting antibiotics, suggesting that the molecule may be involved in regulating cell wall homeostasis. During intracellular infection, increases in c-di-AMP production led to hyperactivation of the CSP. Conditional depletion ofdacAalso led to increased IFN-β expression and a concomitant increase in host cell pyroptosis, a result of increased bacteriolysis and subsequent bacterial DNA release. These data suggest that c-di-AMP coordinates bacterial growth, cell wall stability, and responses to stress and plays a crucial role in the establishment of bacterial infection.

IMPORTANCEListeria monocytogenesis a Gram-positive intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the food-borne illness listeriosis. Upon infection,L. monocytogenesstimulates expression of IFN-β and coregulated genes dependent upon host detection of a secreted bacterial signaling nucleotide, c-di-AMP. Using a forward genetic screen for mutants that induced high levels of host IFN-β expression, we identified a c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase, PdeA, that degrades c-di-AMP. Here we characterizeL. monocytogenesmutants that express enhanced or diminished levels of c-di-AMP. Decreased c-di-AMP levels by conditional depletion of the diadenylate cyclase (DacA) or overexpression of PdeA attenuated bacterial growth and led to bacteriolysis, suggesting that its production is essential for viability and may regulate cell wall metabolism. Mutants lacking PdeA had a distinct transcriptional profile, which may provide insight into additional roles for the molecule. This work demonstrates that c-di-AMP is a critical signaling molecule required for bacterial replication, cell wall stability, and pathogenicity.
Perforation of fragment simulating projectiles into goat skin and muscle
Authors: Breeze Johno , James G R , Hepper A E
Published: May 2013

Introduction

Ballistic gelatin is the most common tissue simulant used to reproduce the penetration of projectiles into muscle but published data to support its use are primarily based on bullets, despite explosive fragments being the most common cause of injury to soldiers on current operational deployments. Published ballistic tests using animal and artificial skin and muscle tissue surrogates also lack standardisation in methodology such that limited comparisons with that of human tissues can currently be made.

Method

Three masses of cylindrical NATO standardised fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) were fired at 20% ballistic gelatin and the hind thighs of a killed goat. Threshold (Vth) and V50velocities required for skin perforation and depth of penetration (DoP) into muscle were compared with gelatin. The intercept and gradient of the linear regression lines for DoP versus velocity were compared between gelatin and goat with significance defined as p<0.05.

Results

V50goat skin perforation velocities for the 0.16, 0.49 and 1.10 g FSPs were 121.1, 103.7 and 97.8 m/s, respectively. There was a significant difference in the V50required to perforate the gelatin surface compared with goat skin for the 0.16 and 0.49 g FSPs but not the 1.10 g. There was no statistical difference in the gradients for DoP versus velocity between animal and gelatin for either the 0.16 or 1.10 g FSPs.

Discussion

This study has produced data for skin perforation velocities and generated algorithms describing velocity versus predicted DoP into muscle for three standardised projectiles, which will be used to improve the fidelity of future injury models. 20% gelatin was demonstrated to accurately reproduce the retardation of the 1.10 g FSPs into goat muscle but the addition of a skin simulant will be required to accurately predict DoP for FSPs less than 1.10 g.
La production de limon sur des terrasses de cryoplanation dans les monts Richardson, Canada
Authors: Lamirande I , Lauriol B , Lalonde A E , Clark I D
Published: May 2013

The production of silt on cryoplanation terraces in the Richardson Mountains was documented by a sedimentological study. Geochemical, grain-size, and petrographic analyses of the Jurassic Bug Creek sandstone were done. Results show that in the unaltered rock the detrital quartz grains are solidly held by a siliceous cement. In the altered and strongly altered sandstone, there is a marked increase in intergranular porosity and fracturing of the grains. The disaggregation and weathering of the sandstone releases mainly material in the silt-size fraction, with lesser amounts of sand and clay. This material covers the tread of the terraces and constitutes a potential source of loess in glacial time. Runoff water has a PCO2 value two orders of magnitude greater than the atmosphere yet is weakly mineralized, with only amorphous silica approaching saturation. However, the weathering of sandstones is probably accelerated by the chemical action of water which, by attacking the cement that forms the diagenetic overgrowth of the quartz grains, facilitates their release.
Models of convergent boundary tectonics: implications for the interpretation of Lithoprobe data
Authors: Ellis Susan , Beaumont Christopher
Published: May 2013

Physical models of convergent boundary processes can provide insights into compressional orogens such as those studied by Lithoprobe. We summarize the qualitative tectonic style of a series of models designed to explore behaviour in subduction, collision, and obliquely convergent settings. The model results are represented by a series of diagrams which emphasize the main controls and behaviours in each case. Models are categorized in terms of the three main types of control: B, the boundary conditions assumed to operate on crust from surrounding lithosphere; I, the internal properties such as rheology and temperature distribution; and T, the redistribution of thickened crust or excess mass by gravitational forces (flexural compensation) and by surface processes such as erosion and deposition. The model templates for each setting are used to interpret some of the orogens studied by Lithoprobe, where there are sufficient temporal and spatial data for such a comparison to be meaningful. The purpose is to examine conceptual evolutions proposed by geologists and geophysicists in a process-based way. We compare the evolution of the Cascadia subduction margin with templates for oblique subduction; the eastern Trans-Hudson Orogen with models of the transition from subduction to collision; the Appalachian Transect in Lithoprobe East with models that involve a weak interior ("vise" models); the Torngat and New Quebec orogens with templates of subduction, transition to collision, and vise models; and the evolution of the Abitibi-Opatica granite-greenstone belt with models of subduction and collision. Comparison between models and seismic transects also highlights some of the potential pitfalls in interpreting compressional structures using reflectivity fabric.
Geochemistry of the Namurian Lismore Formation, northern mainland Nova Scotia: sedimentation and tectonic activity along the southern flank of the Maritimes Basin
Authors: Stevens Jacquelyn E , Murphy J Brendan , Chandler Fred W
Published: May 2013

Geochemical and isotopic data from the clastic rocks of the Namurian Lismore Formation in mainland Nova Scotia identify key episodes of tectonic activity during the development of the Maritimes Basin in Atlantic Canada. The Lismore Formation forms part of the Mabou Group and is an upward-coarsening 2500 m thick fluvial sequence deposited in the Merigomish sub-basin along the southern flank of the Maritimes Basin. Based on stratigraphic evidence, the Lismore Formation can be divided into upper and lower members which reflect variations in depositional environment and paleoclimate. The geochemical and isotopic data may also be subdivided into two groupings that primarily reflect varying contributions from accessory phases, clay minerals, or rock fragments. This subdivision occurs 115 m above the base of the upper member. The data from the lower grouping (group A) show an important contribution from underlying Silurian rocks, with a relatively minor contribution from Late Devonian granitoid rocks from the adjacent Cobequid Highlands and possibly metasedimentary rocks from the Meguma Terrane to the south. The data from the upper grouping (group B) reveal a more important contribution from the Cobequid Highlands granitoid rocks. This variation in geochemistry is thought to constrain the age of renewed motion and uplift along the faults along the southern flank of the Maritimes Basin and, more generally, suggests that geochemical and isotopic data of continental clastic rocks may help constrain the age of tectonic events that influence deposition of basin-fill rocks.
Air quality modelling, simulation, and computational methods: a review
Authors: El-Harbawi Mohanad
Published: May 2013

The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive theoretical review with regard to history, existing approaches, recent developments, major research, associated computational methods, and applications of air quality models. A wide range of topics is covered, focusing on sources of air pollution, primary and secondary pollutants, atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric chemical transport models, computer programs for dispersion modelling, online and offline air quality modelling, data assimilation, parallel computing, applications of geographic information system in air quality modelling, air quality index, as well as the use of satellite and remote sensing data in air quality modelling. Each of these elements is comprehensively discussed, covered, and reviewed with respect to various literature and methods related to air quality modelling and applications. Several major commercial and noncommercial dispersion packages are extensively reviewed and detailed advantages and limitations of their applications are highlighted. The paper includes several comparison summaries among various models used in air quality study. Furthermore, the paper provides useful web sites, where readers can obtain further information regarding air quality models and (or) software. Lastly, current generation of air quality models and future directions are also discussed. This paper may serve as a compendium for scientists who work in air quality modelling field. Some topics are generally treated; therefore, the paper may also be used as a reference source by many scientists working with air quality modelling.
Identification of Magnolia officinalis L. Bark Extract as the Most Potent Anti-Inflammatory of Four Plant Extracts
Authors: Walker Joel M. , Maitra Amarnath , Walker Jessica , Ehrnhoefer-Ressler Miriam M. , Inui Taichi , Somoza Veronika
Published: May 2013

This study was designed to compare the anti-inflammatory potential of a Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract solely or in combination with extracts prepared from either Polygonum aviculare L., Sambucus nigra L., or Isodon japonicus L. in bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) and human U-937 monocytes, as cell models of periodontal disease. HGF-1 and U-937 cells were incubated with LPS from either Porphyromonas gingivalis or Escherichia coli together with the four plant extracts alone or in combination. Secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines from HGF-1 and U-937 cells was measured by means of a multiplexed bead assay system. Magnolia officinalis L. bark extract, at concentrations of 1 μg/mL and 10 μg/mL, reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from HGF-1 cells to 72.5 ± 28.6% and reduced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion from U-937 cells to 8.87 ± 7.97% compared to LPS-treated cells (100%). The other three extracts also reduced secretion of these inflammatory markers but were not as effective. Combination of 9 μg/mL Magnolia officinalis L. extract with 1 μg/mL of each of the other extracts maintained the anti-inflammatory effect of Magnolia officinalis L. extract. Combination of 5 μg/mL Magnolia officinalis L. extract with 5 μg/mL Isodon japonicus L. extract also maintained the anti-inflammatory potential of the Magnolia officinalis L. extract, whereas increasing concentrations of any of the other plant extracts in the combination experiments reduced the Magnolia officinalis L. extract efficacy in U-937 cells.
THE CHIRAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AROUND THE CRITICAL END POINT
Authors: WANG BIN , SUN WEI-MIN , ZONG HONG-SHI
Published: May 2013

This paper is devoted to locate the position of critical end point (CEP) and study its properties. The CEP for different current quark masses are located. It is found that as the current quark mass tends to zero, the position of the CEP tends to the tricrtical point (TCP), while the height of the chiral susceptibility tends to infinity faster and faster, which indicates that the transition from CEP to TCP is continuous. This continuity causes the so-called hidden TCP effect.
FIXED TRIANGLE IN Bi2-XPbXSr2CaCu2O8+Y AND Bi2-XPbXSr2Ca2Cu3O10+Y SYSTEMS
Authors: GUO C. Q. , ZHANG C. Y. , HAO S. J. , JIN W. T. , ZHANG H.
Published: May 2013

The structural characteristics of Bi 2-x Pb x Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+y( Bi -2212) and Bi 2-x Pb x Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+y( Bi -2223) with x changing from 0 to 0.8 were studied by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement. By careful calculation of chemical bond lengths and angles, it is found that there exists a fixed triangle on the Cu–O planes in the two systems, and then makes the Cu–O planes stable. The fluctuations of this fixed triangle were investigated, and it is found that there is a close relationship between it and Tc's. In addition, we discussed the origin of this special local structure. It may be caused by the interaction between the perovskite block and the rock salt block in a unit cell, which may play an important role in the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity.
HYSTERESIS OF THE PHASE DIAGRAM IN THE FERROMAGNET-SUPERCONDUCTOR HYBRIDS
Authors: OZMETIN A. E. , YAZICI E. , KIM K. , RATHNAYAKA K. D. D. , LYUKSYUTOV I. F. , NAUGLE D. G.
Published: May 2013

After the 100th year anniversary of the discovery of superconductivity, the field continues to develop in several directions; including ferromagnet-superconductor hybrids.1-5 Magnetic and superconducting states are perhaps the most extreme example of mutually exclusive states. However, when combined at the nanoscale, they show new exciting properties and enhanced superconductivity. Here we report the measurements and simulation of the phase diagram of a thin superconducting film with an array of magnetic nanorods (MNR) embedded in the film. Results of the experimental measurements of the phase diagram of a PbBi superconducting film with embedded arrays of Ni nanorods are reported and compared with the simulated phase diagrams.
VERTICAL VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGLEV VEHICLE SYSTEM
Authors: JIANG JING , LI KE CAI , ZHAO LI FENG , MA JIA QING , ZHANG YONG , ZHAO YONG
Published: May 2013

The vertical vibration characteristics of a high-temperature superconducting maglev vehicle system are investigated experimentally. The displacement variations of the maglev vehicle system are measured with different external excitation frequency, in the case of a certain levitation gap. When the external vibration frequency is low, the amplitude variations of the response curve are small. With the increase of the vibration frequency, chaos status can be found. The resonance frequencies with difference levitation gap are also investigated, while the external excitation frequency range is 0–100 Hz. Along with the different levitation gap, resonance frequency is also different. There almost is a linear relationship between the levitation gap and the resonance frequency.
THE MULTIFERROIC PROPERTIES OF Bi(Fe1/2Cr1/2)O3 COMPOUND
Authors: ZHU J. L. , YANG H. X. , FENG S. M. , WANG L. J. , LIU Q. Q. , JIN C. Q. , WANG X. H. , LI L. T. , YU J.
Published: May 2013

Dense Bi ( Fe 1/2 Cr 1/2) O 3 ceramics with R3c crystal structure were synthesized by solid-state reaction under high pressure. Transmission electron microscope observations revealed an incommensurable superstructure along 〈110〉 direction. Magnetization measurements indicated a transition to a cooperative magnetic state below ~130 K. Dielectric properties of Bi ( Fe 1/2 Cr 1/2) O 3 showed a dielectric constant anomaly located at ~140 K indicating the giant dielectric relaxation in multiferroic Bi ( Fe 1/2 Cr 1/2) O 3 compound, which can be explained by the enhanced conductivity and possible Maxwell–Wagner contribution. Large dielectric frequency dispersion was observed at 140–185 K, and was supposed to be a thermal activated intrinsic process.
NOVEL APPROACH FOR t–J MODEL WITH ELECTRON SCATTERINGS
Authors: OU CHUNG-JEN , LIN CHIEN-HAN , OU CHUNG-MING
Published: May 2013

This report proposes a graphical-like approach for simulating the Hamiltonian of the t–J model. The two spin states are modeled by the two emitting layer, the kinematics of the electrons and the causalities between the operators are satisfied through the event cone. Operators and the event cone are integrated together, and the results indicate that this approach can provide information during the evolution of the t–J model. In addition, parameters that can be accessed by this approach are consistent with general requirements on values of t and J in the t–J model. Furthermore, our approach also includes the solution with vanishing hopping amplitude (tij = 0) and the H∞ solution.
TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF La2-x1Srx1CuO4+δ/La2-x2Srx2CuO4+δ MULTILAYERS GROWN BY LASER ABLATION
Authors: WANG H. F. , ZHANG Y. Z. , LIU L. H. , LI D. P. , WANG G. Y. , TIAN H. Y. , ZHENG D. N.
Published: May 2013

A series of La 2-x1 Sr x1 CuO 4+δ/ La 2-x2 Sr x2 CuO 4+δ multilayers were epitaxially grown on (001) LaSrAlO 4 and (001) SrTiO 3 substrates by laser ablation, where x1 = 0.0, 0.08 (underdoped) and x2 = 0.24, 0.32, 0.45 (over-doped). Before the depositions of each multilayer, all of the single layers were deposited and characterized, and then the multilayers were deposited by using the same deposition condition except shifting targets for laser ablation. These multilayers are highly c-axis oriented. Several modulation wavelengths of the sublayers were selected for preparing the multilayers. The resistance measurements of these single layered films of La 2-x1 Sr x1 CuO 4+δ, La 2-x2 Sr x2 CuO 4+δ, and multilayers of La 2-x1 Sr x1 CuO 4+δ/ La 2-x2 Sr x2 CuO 4+δ were performed and compared. The transport measurements suggest that the charge redistribution may be a dominant factor for the superconducting transition temperature in low temperatures.
THE APPLICATION FOR PZT THIN FILM IN THE TAPPING MODE SPM CANTILEVER
Authors: SUN XIAO-SONG , LIU AN-PING , YAO XING-XING
Published: May 2013

The PZT piezoelectric film was prepared for tapping mode SPM cantilever with four-coupled structure Si , Pt layer + PZT layer + Pt layer + deposition layer. The sample has the length of 200 μm, width of 40 μ m , silicon substrate thickness of 2.0 μ m , the upper and lower electrode thickness of 0.2 μ m . We analyzed the effect of the piezoelectric, sensitivity, frequency etc by changing the structure size of PZT piezoelectric thin film, and we obtained better parameters for structure and performance by the experimental comparison. The results show that: When the force is 10 nN, the thickness of output voltage in the PZT layer is about 2.0 μ m up to maximum, sensitivity is 0.16 mV/nN and the operating frequency is 64.97 kHz. It is convenient to detect and distinguish SPM when deformation displacement rate remained below 500 nm and the output voltage of the device is above 1.0 mV. The device performance is stable and suitable for the SPM system testing requirements.
THEORETICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EPR PARAMETERS OF CUBICYb3+CENTER INPbS,PbSeANDPbTeSEMICONDUCTORS
Authors: XIE GUO-YA , LIU XIAN-RONG
Published: May 2013

The important diluted magnetic semiconductors PbS , PbSe and PbTe have been studied by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. But there are not reasonable explanation reported. In this work, based on the crystal-field theory, the EPR parameters g factors of Yb3+and hyperfine structure constants of171Yb3+and173Yb3+isotopes in PbS , PbSe and PbTe crystals are calculated by the aid of diagonalizing the full energy matrix. In the calculations, the contributions of various admixtures and interactions such as the J-mixing and the covalence are considered. The crystal field parameters used in the calculations are obtained from the superposition model. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the observed values. The results are discussed.
SIGN REVERSAL OF COULOM INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO QUASIPARTICLES IN MOMENTUM SPACE
Authors: FAN J. D. , MALOZOVSKY YURIY M.
Published: May 2013

The main misconception regarding the interaction between quasiparticles stems from the assertion that the interaction energy between two quasiparticles is exactly identical to that of the renormalized interaction between two particles due to interparticle interaction in the Fermi system. If the main concept regarding the definition of quasiparticle as a weakly excited state of the Fermi system with conservation of charge and spin is paramount (except for the charge and spin separation models), the concept of the interaction between quasiparticles is very different from the assumption in the common sense. In this paper, we will prove a general theorem that the interaction between two quasiparticles is very much different from the renormalized interaction between two particles. The major difference lies in two places: the interaction between two quasiparticles is just negative to the renormalized interaction between two particles, and the interaction energy between the two particles is proportional to the product of two Fermi liquid renormalization factors. The result shed light on the reinterpretation of Cooper's pairing without invoking electron-photon interaction.
PHASE TRANSITION OF BOSONS DRIVEN BY A STAGGERED GAUGE FIELD IN AN OPTICAL LATTICE
Authors: CHA MIN-CHUL
Published: May 2013

We have studied the ground state properties of hard-core bosons in a two-leg optical ladder in the presence of uniform and staggered frustrations due to an artificial gauge field. By calculating the ground state via the Lanczos method, we find first-order phase transitions tuned by the staggered gauge field between the Meissner and the vortex states. The momentum distributions show that the Meissner state has edge and staggered currents, while the vortex states have vortex-solid or vortex-glass phases in the presence of a staggered field.
MAGNETIC IMPURITY IN THE VICINITY OF A VACANCY IN BILAYER GRAPHENE
Authors: SUN J. H. , HU F. M. , TANG H. K. , LIN H. Q.
Published: May 2013

We use quantum Monte Carlo method to study a magnetic impurity located next to a vacancy in Bernal stacked bilayer graphene. Due to the broken symmetry between two sublattices in bilayer system, there exist two different types of vacancy induced localized state. We find that the magnetic property of the adatom located on the adjacent site of the vacancy depends on whether the vacancy belongs to A or B sublattice. In general, local moment is more strongly suppressed if the vacancy belongs to the sublattice A near the zero-energy. We switch the values of the chemical potential and study the basic thermodynamic quantities and the correlation functions between the magnetic adatom and carbon sites.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND SEMANTIC MODELING: A ROLE OF INFORMATION GRANULARITY
Authors: PEDRYCZ WITOLD
Published: May 2013

In this study, we highlight some fundamental issues of knowledge management and cast them in the setting of Granular Computing (GrC). We show how its formal constructs — information granules are instrumental in knowledge representation and specification of its level of abstraction.
A MODEL FOR QUANTUM QUEUE
Authors: GAWRON PIOTR , KURZYK DARIUSZ , PUCHAŁA ZBIGNIEW
Published: May 2013

We consider an extension of discrete time Markov chain queueing model to the quantum domain by use of discrete time quantum Markov chain. We introduce methods for numerical analysis of such models. Using these tools we show that quantum model behaves fundamentally different from the classical one.
WEYL-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ON TANGENT MANIFOLDS OF CONSTANT W-SECTIONAL CURVATURE
Authors: KASAP ZEKI
Published: May 2013

This paper aims to present Weyl–Euler–Lagrange and Weyl–Hamilton equations on [Formula: see text] which is a model of tangent manifolds of Constant W-Sectional Curvature. In this study some differential geometrical and physical results on the related Weyl-mechanical systems are given.
Photoinduced electron transfer in a meso-linked Zn(II)porphyrin-Zn(II)phthalocyanine/C60-pyridyl supramolecular system
Authors: Urbani Maxence , Osati Samira , Kuhri Susanne , Guldi Dirk M. , Torres Tomás
Published: May 2013

A non-covalent supramolecular complex combining porphyrin (Por), phthalocyanine (Pc) and fullerene [ C 60], was obtained through zinc metal-pyridine coordination between a covalently meso-linked heterodimer ZnPor-ZnPc (4) and a N-pyridylfulleropyrrolidine derivative (5). The complexation was studied in toluene by absorption and fluorescence binding studies, and evidenced that the coordination of the N-pyridylfulleropyrrolidine (5) occurs preferentially through the zinc ion center of ZnPc (log K > 6.0) rather than ZnPor (log K = 5.23). Steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies evidenced that upon selective excitation of either the Por, or the Pc moiety in [( ZnPor-ZnPc )∪ C 60], the singlet excited state of Pc was generated efficiently in both cases (either from singlet-singlet energy transfer from 1Por* to Pc, or directly after selective excitation of the Pc moiety). Next, an electron transfer occurred from the 1Pc* to the C 60 to generate the charge-separated specie [( ZnPor-ZnPc •+)∪ C 60•-]. Finally, the back electron transfer afforded the Pc triplet excited state rather than the ground state. The introduction of a covalent meso-linkage between Por and Pc in the heterodimer 4 and in the supramolecular assembly 4∪5 induces appreciable differences toward the photo-induced processes and the binding constants in comparison with other β-covalently linked analogue systems.
A GENERALIZATION OF CHEN'S THEOREM ON THE ERDŐS–TURÁN CONJECTURE
Authors: YANG QUAN-HUI
Published: May 2013

Let ℕ be the set of all nonnegative integers and k ≥ 2 be a fixed integer. For a set A ⊆ ℕ, let rk(A, n) denote the number of solutions of a1 + a2 + ⋯ + ak = n with a1, a2, …, ak ∈ A. In this paper, we prove that there is a set A ⊆ ℕ such that rk(A, n) ≥ 1 for all integers n ≥ 0 and the set of n with rk(A, n) = k! has density one. This generalizes a recent result of Chen.
BORCHERDS PRODUCTS FOR U(1,1)
Authors: HOFMANN ERIC
Published: May 2013

In [Borcherds products on unitary groups, preprint (2012); arXiv:1210.2542] the author constructed a multiplicative Borcherds lift for indefinite unitary groups U (1, n). In the present paper the case of U(1,1) is examined in greater detail. The lifting in this case takes weakly holomorphic elliptic modular forms of weight zero as inputs and lifts them to meromorphic modular forms for U(1,1), on the usual complex upper half-plane ℍ. In this setting, the Weyl-chambers can be described very explicitly and the associated Weyl-vectors can also be calculated. This is carried out in detail for weakly holomorphic modular forms with q-expansions of the form [Formula: see text], n > 0, and for a constant function, which together span the input space, [Formula: see text]. The general case for the lifting of an arbitrary [Formula: see text] comes by as a corollary. The lifted functions take their zeros and poles along Heegner-divisors, which consist of CM-points in ℍ. We find that their CM-order can to some extent be prescribed.
CONTEMPORARY TRADITIONAL POTTERY PRACTICES AT ARCHAEO-HISTORICALLY IMPORTANT SITES, DISTRICT KHARGONE, MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: GEEDH SMITA , NADGAUDA TEJASWINI
Published: May 2013

Khargone district is located at the southwest border of Madhya Pradesh. The district comprises of many archaeological and historical sites viz. Navdatoli, Maheshwar, Kasrawad, Mandleshwar. Archaeological excavations at these sites revealed vast cultural assemblage from Lower Paleolithic to Medieval Period. Pottery plays significant role in the reconstruction and understanding of past technologies and socio-economic-religious life. Present paper endeavors to understand contemporary traditional pottery practices at these sites. Besides documentation of degeneration of technology, authors aim to put forth the survival problems of the potters. Furthermore, an attempt has been made to examine the possible reasons behind their present socio-economic conditions.
FINITE ELEMENT BASED THERMAL MODELING OF FRICTION WELDING OF DISSIMILAR MATERIALS
Authors: HYNES N. RAJESH JESUDOSS , NAGARAJ P. , SELVARAJ R. MEBY
Published: May 2013

Friction welding is a solid state joining process of joining either similar or dissimilar materials. Joining of ceramic/metal joints by friction welding has opened up new possibilities in many engineering applications. In the present work, thermal modeling of friction welding process has been carried out. Using Finite Element Approach (FEA), analytical solutions were arrived for different ceramic/metal combinations. The temperature distributions of cylindrical surfaces of the alumina and the metals are found by means of 1D heat transfer assumption considering the effect of convection. In the thermal analysis, interfacial temperature and thermal conductivity of the material play a significant role. Based on the obtained temperature distribution the graphs are plotted between the length of the joint and the temperatures. Thus the knowledge of the temperature joint distribution could be helpful in predicting the thermal cycle of the process, microstructure evolution and residual stress formation. Thus the obtained graph helps to study and predict the temperature distribution of both the materials.
SUSTAINABLE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES — ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF ENERGY
Authors: RAO M. C.
Published: May 2013

In order to move towards a sustainable existence in our critically energy dependent society there is a continuing need to adopt environmentally sustainable methods for energy production, storage and conversion. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that generates electricity and heat by electrochemically combining a gaseous fuel and an oxidant gas through electrodes and across an ion conducting electrolyte. The use of fuel cells in both stationary and mobile power applications can offer significant advantages for the sustainable conversion of energy. Currently the cost of fuel cell systems is greater than that of similar, already available products, mainly because of small scale production and the lack of economies of scale. The best fuel for fuel cells is hydrogen and another barrier is fuel flexibility. Benefits arising from the use of fuel cells include efficiency and reliability, as well as economy, unique operating characteristics and planning flexibility and future development potential. By integrating the application of fuel cells, in series with renewable energy storage and production methods, sustainable energy requirements may be realized. As fuel cell application increases and improved fuel storage methods and handlings are developed, it is expected that the costs associated with fuel cell systems will fall dramatically in the future.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS OF ALKALINE EARTH OXIDE SOLIDS
Authors: SINGH S. P.
Published: May 2013

A simple and straightforward theoretical model is developed to investigate the elastic constants of alkaline earth oxide solids under the effect of temperature. The calculation are performed with the help of high temperature equation of state (EOS) derived from Tallon's method based on thermodynamic analysis. The results obtained for these solids are discussed and compared with experimental data under the effect of high temperature. The results are found to be in good agreement with available experimental results
OPTICAL ABSORPTION AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF Pr3+ DOPED CADMIUM BISMUTH BORATE GLASSES IN VISIBLE AND NEAR INFRARED REGIONS
Authors: PAL INDER , AGARWAL ASHISH , SANGHI SUJATA , SANJAY  , BHARDWAJ SUNIL
Published: May 2013

Glasses having composition 20CdOxBi2O3(79.5-x)B2O30.5Pr6O11 with x varying from 15 to 35 mol% have been synthesized. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectra were measured at ambient temperature. A close correlation is observed between the Bi2O3 content and the spectroscopic properties such as Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ = (λ = 2, 4, 6) , radiative and structural properties of prepared glasses doped with Pr3+ ion. The variation of Ω2 with Bi2O3 content has been attributed to changes in the asymmetry of the ligand field at the rare earth (RE) ion site (due to structural change) and to changes in RE-O covalency, whereas the variation of Ω6 has been related to the variation in RE-O covalency. Following the luminescence spectra, various radiative properties like transition probability (Arad), radiative lifetime (τr), branching ratio (βr) and stimulated emission cross section (σ) have been calculated. The branching ratio for 3P0 → 3F2 transition of Pr3+ glass system arrive at 41 to 40%, respectively, and the predicted spontaneous radiative transition probability rates are high and varies from 14032 to 14864 s−1. In addition, the glass stability is improved in which the substitution of B2O3 for Bi2O3 strengthens the glass network structure. The bismuth based glass as a host for Pr3+ ion doped suggesting their suitability for laser applications.
CRYOGENIC GRINDING: A PHYSICAL TECHNIQUE TO RETAIN VOLATILE CONTENT IN NATURAL PRODUCTS
Authors: SAXENA ROHIT , SONI ADITI , SAXNA S. N. , RATHORE S. S. , BARNWAL P.
Published: May 2013

Cryogenics is the study of the production of very low temperature (below −150°C, −238°F or 123K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. Similarly, cryogenic grinding is a term supported by the act of grinding a thing at very low temperature. This technique is generally used to grind the material, which contains heat labile constituents viz- volatile oils in seed spices. Due to high fat content in spices, heat is generated, while energy is used to fracture a particle into a smaller size in conventional grinding process. During the normal grinding process, this generated heat causes temperature rise of grinder upto 950C. The increased temperature is responsible for a loss of volatile content in the tune of about 30% and also produces dark colour powder.

Generally, continuous operation is not possible in normal grinding process due to melting of fat and sticking of powder on the grinding surface. The loss of volatile content can be significantly reduced by cryogenic grinding technique using liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide that provides the refrigeration needed to pre-cool the spices and maintain the desired low temperature by absorbing the heat generated during the grinding operation. The extremely low temperature during grinder condenses the volatile matter and retains their presence in spices. The application of cryogenic technology for grinding of spices has been scientifically proved to be a suitable technique with negligible loss of volatile content and improved colour of oil and grinding operation of seeds.
COMPARISON OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CALCULATION OF CUTTING FORCE BETWEEN UNCOATED TUNGSTEN CARBIDE & Ti COATED TIP TUNGSTEN CARBIDE WITH THE HELP OF LATHE TOOL DYNAMOMETER
Authors: MEHRA DEEPAK , RAKHECHA KHUSHWANT
Published: May 2013

The keyword for manufacturers of cutting tools and coatings for cutting tools is productivity: a 30%; reduction of tool costs, or a 50%; increase in tool lifetime results only in a 1%; reduction of manufacturing costs. But an increase in cutting data by 20%; reduces manufacturing costs by 15%;. In order to achieve higher productivity different approaches – High Performance Cutting (HPC) and High Speed Cutting (HSC) can be chosen. The performance of Carbide tools was studied to investigate the tool life and wear behavior at various machining parameters. This study presents tool wear characterization of carbide cutting tool inserts coated with titanium nitride (TiN) on a single point turning operation on copper, aluminum. A set of experiments with conditions of cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate were performed on a lathe machine. Force analysis is done on Lathe Tool Dynamometer. From the result, cutting speed was found to be the main factor to have significant effect on surface roughness. At the end of this study, optimization was made by suggesting the most suitable sets of parameter settings to produce minimum surface roughness. Suggestion on parameter settings to obtain minimum surface roughness made.
Osteocyte-derived insulin-like growth factor I is essential for determining bone mechanosensitivity
Authors: William Lau K.-H. , Baylink David J. , Zhou Xiao-Dong , Rodriguez Denise , Bonewald Lynda F. , Li Zihui , Ruffoni Davide , Müller Ralph , Kesavan Chandrasekhar , Sheng Matilda H.-C.
Published: May 2013

This study sought to determine whether deficient Igf1 expression in osteocytes would affect loading-induced osteogenic response. Tibias of osteocyte Igf1 conditional knockout (KO) mice (generated by cross-breeding Igf1 floxed mice with Dmp1- Cre transgenic mice) and wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to four-point bending for 2 wk. Microcomputed tomography confirmed that the size of tibias of conditional mutants was smaller. Loading with an equivalent loading strain increased periosteal woven bone and endosteal lamellar bone formation in WT mice but not in conditional KO mice. Consistent with the lack of an osteogenic response, the loading failed to upregulate expression of early mechanoresponsive genes ( Igf1, Cox-2, c-fos) or osteogenic genes ( Cbfa-1, and osteocalcin) in conditional KO bones. The lack of osteogenic response was not due to reduced osteocyte density or insufficient loading strain. Deficient osteocyte Igf1 expression reduced the loading-induced upregulation of expression of canonical Wnt signaling genes ( Wnt10b, Lrp5, Dkk1, sFrp2). The loading also reduced (by 40%) Sost expression in WT mice, but the loading not only did not reduce but upregulated (∼1.5-fold) Sost expression in conditional KO mice. Conditional disruption of Igf1 in osteocytes also abolished the loading-induced increase in the bone β-catenin protein level. These findings suggest an impaired response in the loading-induced upregulation of the Wnt signaling in conditional KO mice. In summary, conditional disruption of Igf1 in osteocytes abolished the loading-induced activation of the Wnt signaling and the corresponding osteogenic response. In conclusion, osteocyte-derived IGF-I plays a key determining role in bone mechanosensitivity.
Validity of the doubly labeled water method for estimating CO2production in mice under different nutritional conditions
Authors: Guidotti Stefano , Meijer Harro A. J. , Dijk Gertjan van
Published: May 2013

The doubly labeled water (DLW) technique is used to assess metabolic rate (MR) in free-living conditions. We investigated whether differences in the nutritional and body adiposity status affect validity of the assessment of CO2production (rCO2) by the DLW technique. To serve this purpose, we compared calculated rCO2by the DLW method to actual CO2production concomitantly measured in an indirect calorimetry setup over a 3-day period in mice fed with a low-fat (LF) diet or an obesogenic high-fat/high-sucrose (HF) diet. To uncover a potential effect of body composition on DLW accuracy, the HF-fed group was further subdivided in a diet-induced obesity-prone (DIO) and diet-induced obesity-resistant (DR) group. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of different sampling protocols, duration, and methodology of calculation. An excellent match was found between rCO2assessed by the two methods in the LF-fed mice (least discrepancy −0.5 ± 1.1%). In contrast, there was a consistent overestimation of rCO2by the DLW technique in the HF-fed animals compared with actual CO2production independent from body mass gain (least discrepancy DR +15.9 ± 2.2%, DIO +18.5 ± 3.2%). The least discrepancies were found when two-pool model equations and the intercept method were used to calculate the body water pool. Furthermore, the HF group presented different equilibration kinetics of2H and18O and a lower dilution space ratio between the two. We recommend particular caution when using the DLW method for MR assessment in HF-fed animals and potentially humans because of the overestimation of rCO2.
Evolution of the human gastrokine locus and confounding factors regarding the pseudogenicity ofGKN3
Authors: Geahlen Jessica H. , Lapid Carlo , Thorell Kaisa , Nikolskiy Igor , Huh Won Jae , Oates Edward L. , Lennerz Jochen K. M. , Tian Xiaolin , Weis Victoria G. , Khurana Shradha S. , Lundin Samuel B. , Templeton Alan R. , Mills Jason C.
Published: May 2013

In a screen for genes expressed specifically in gastric mucous neck cells, we identified GKN3, the recently discovered third member of the gastrokine family. We present confirmatory mouse data and novel porcine data showing that mouse GKN3 expression is confined to mucous cells of the corpus neck and antrum base and is prominently expressed in metaplastic lesions. GKN3 was proposed originally to be expressed in some human populations and a pseudogene in others. To investigate that hypothesis, we studied human GKN3 evolution in the context of its paralogous genomic neighbors, GKN1 and GKN2. Haplotype analysis revealed that GKN3 mimics GKN2 in patterns of exonic SNP allocation, whereas GKN1 appeared to be more stringently selected. GKN3 showed signatures of both directional selection and population based selective sweeps in humans. One such selective sweep includes SNP rs10187256, originally identified as an ancestral tryptophan to premature STOP codon mutation. The derived (nonancestral) allele went to fixation in Asia. We show that another SNP, rs75578132, identified 5 bp downstream of rs10187256, exhibits a second selective sweep in almost all Europeans, some Latinos, and some Africans, possibly resulting from a reintroduction of European genes during African colonization. Finally, we identify a mutation that would destroy the splice donor site in the putative exon3-intron3 boundary, which occurs in all human genomes examined to date. Our results highlight a stomach-specific human genetic locus, which has undergone various selective sweeps across European, Asian, and African populations and thus reflects geographic and ethnic patterns in genome evolution.