bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sufrimientos invisibles y crueldad normalizada: El caso de la exclusión del feminicidio en gestantes de la definición de la Mortalidad Materna de la OMS
Authors: Bello Urrego Alejandra del Rocio
Published: June 2021

Este artículo problematiza el concepto de mortalidad materna de la actual Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades de la OMS (CIE-11) con el objetivo de analizar las repercusiones que conlleva la exclusión del feminicidio en gestantes de las causales reconocidas de muerte materna. La OMS es la institución de referencia a partir de la cual se coordina el desarrollo de marcos normativos internacionales para el diseño de políticas públicas en salud, de allí la relevancia de centrar este análisis en la definición que se da del concepto desde esta organización. Este análisis se sustenta en una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura internacional publicada sobre el fenómeno del feminicidio en gestantes, sobre la cual se utiliza el análisis documental como estrategia metodológica. Se defenderá la hipótesis de que la categoría mortalidad materna propuesta por la OMS invisibiliza las formas de sufrimiento que afectan principalmente a las mujeres subalternas en cada país y sobre visibiliza los que aquejan a las mujeres más privilegiadas. Esta exclusión repercute en la normalización de una cierta economía de la crueldad, en la que el sufrimiento es canalizado -según la raza, la clase y el sexo- a través de la coordinación global en el campo de la política pública sanitaria.
Acciones públicas en Colombia para la prevención y respuesta a las violencias contra las mujeres: Un estudio del Cauca y Popayán
Authors: Guevara Astudillo María Cristina , Chará Ordóñez William Darío , Vanegas Muñoz Gildardo , Castillo Garcés John Alexander
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es caracterizar los marcos orientadores y las acciones públicas para la prevención y las respuestas a las violencias contra las mujeres en Colombia; al tiempo, se revisa la manera en que estos marcos orientadores se han incorporado en los planes, políticas y programas de las entidades territoriales (departamentales y municipales), a partir de la revisión crítica de los casos del departamento del Cauca y su capital Popayán. La metodología, de carácter cualitativa, incorpora la técnica del análisis documental mediante la revisión de informes institucionales, rastreo de resoluciones, convenios, tratados y la consulta y revisión de leyes, decretos, sentencias y documentos de política pública. Como conclusión, se plantea que Colombia ha recogido e incorporado en su ordenamiento jurídico los avances internacionales en relación con la protección y garantía de los derechos de las mujeres víctimas de violencia. Sin embargo, cuando se trata de hacer efectivos estos logros normativos en acciones concretas en los territorios, se advierten varias dificultades: falta de formación de funcionarios, dificultades para materializar la normatividad, falta de recursos, limitada capacidad técnica y debilidades institucionales locales.
LOW POWER DIGITAL FILTERING USING ADAPTIVE APPROXIMATE PROCESSING: FIR FILTER STRUCTURES
Authors: LUDWIG JEFFREY
Published: June 2021

Techniques for reducing power consumption in digital circuits have become increasingly important because of the growing demand for portable multimedia devices. Digital filters, being ubiquitous in such devices, are a prime candidate for low power design. Algorithmic approaches to low power frequency-selective digital filtering which are based on the concepts of adaptive approximate processing have been developed and formalized by introducing the class of approximate filtering algorithms in which the order of a digital filter is dynamically varied to provide time-varying stopband attenuation in proportion to the time-varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the input signal, while maintaining a fixed SNR at the filter output. Since power consumption in digital filter implementations is proportional to the order of the filter, dynamically varying the filter order is a strategy which may be used to conserve power. In this paper we introduce a class of approximate filter structures using FIR digital filter constituent elements. These filter structures are explored and shown to be an important element in the characterization of approximate filtering algorithms.
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF STEEL TRUSS ELEMENTS ON BUCKLING USING PBOX APPROACH
Authors:   Vologda State University, Solovyova A.A. , Solovyov S.A. ,   Vologda State University
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The reliability of load-bearing structural elements is one of the indicators of structural safety. The article presents methods for steel trusses bars reliability analysis according to the buckling criterion using p-boxes. A p-box consists of two boundary probability distribution functions that form the area of possible distribution functions. Such model used for modeling random variables in conditions of incomplete statistical data by quantity or quality. An algorithm for summing p-boxes of random load models is demonstrated on the example of a probabilistic estimate of the force in the truss bar. The result of reliability analysis using p-boxes is presented in interval form. The use of p-boxes makes it possible to obtain a more cautious assessment of reliability in case of incomplete statistical data. To increase the informativity of the reliability analysis result, it is necessary to obtain more statistical data about random variables in design mathematical models of limit state, which will allow forming p-boxes with narrower boundary distribution functions.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AND ITS RELATION TO OTHER TYPES OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Скворцова Татьяна Александровна , Сорокин Владислав Андреевич
Published: June 2021

Предметом данной статьи является анализ понятия предпринимательской деятельности и определение соотношения предпринимательской деятельности с иными видами экономической деятельности. Исследована легальная дефиниция «предпринимательская деятельность» и определены признаки, отграничивающие данный вид деятельности от других разновидностей экономической активности.

The subject of this article is the analysis of the concept of entrepreneurial activity and the determination of the ratio of entrepreneurial activity with other types of economic activity. The legal definition of "entrepreneurial activity" is studied and the features that distinguish this type of activity from other types of economic activity are determined.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MINERAL WATERS OF NORTH OSSETIA
Authors: Кубалова Людмила Муратовна , Сланова Дарья Александровна
Published: June 2021

В работе представлен сравнительный анализ минеральных вод Северной Осетии, относящихся к различным бальнеологическим группам.

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the mineral waters of North Ossetia belonging to different balneological groups.
PEDAGOGICAL FACTORS OF DEVELOPING A SCIENTIFIC WORLD-VIEW IN SCHOOL STUDENTS ON THE BASIS OF THE HERITAGE OF OUR GREAT ANCESTORS THROUGH TEACHING HISTORY
Authors:   Independent Researcher Of Kokand State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan, Yunusaliev Jaxongir
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the pedagogical factors of developing students' scientific outlook on the basis of historical sources based on the heritage of our great ancestors through the teaching of history.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA DỊCH TRÍCH CÂY TỪ BI (BLUMÉA BALSAMIFERA) LÊN SỰ ỨC CHẾ HÌNH THÀNH TINH THỂ CALCIUM OXALATE GÂY BỆNH SỎI THẬN TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN IN VITRO
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Pham , Lam Bang Hong , Tu Nguyen Pham , Nguyen Le Thao , Tai Tran Duc
Published: June 2021

Nghiên cứu “Ảnh hưởng của dịch trích cây Từ bi (Bluméa balsamifera) lên sự ức chế hình thành tinh thể Calcium oxalate gây bệnh sỏi thận trong điều kiện in vitro” được thực hiện để đánh giá khả năng ức chế tinh thể Calcium oxalate, gồm ba giai đoạn chính là hình thành, phát triển, và ngưng tụ. Mẫu cây Từ bi được ly trích bằng phương pháp ngâm dầm với ethanol 80,00% để tạo cao chiết. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, độ ẩm của mẫu đạt 82,83%, và hiệu suất cao chiết đạt 5,79%. Cao chiết cây Từ bi có sự hiện diện của các hợp chất flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid, tanin, và phenol. Cao chiết cây Từ bi có khả năng ức chế hình thành hạt nhân tinh thể Calcium oxalate với giá trị IC50 là 4,25 mg/mL. Cao chiết cây Từ bi có hiệu quả ức chế sự phát triển của tinh thể Calcium oxalate và giá trị IC50 của cao chiết đạt 2,99 mg/mL. Cuối cùng, cao chiết là cây Từ bi có khả năng ức chế ngưng tụ của tinh thể Calcium oxalate và giá trị IC50 đạt 2,56 mg/mL.
PHỔ PLASMON TRONG HỆ 3 LỚP GRAPHENE LỚP KÉP
Authors: Men Nguyen Van , Kim Phuong Dong Thi , Duong Vu Dong
Published: June 2021

Các nghiên cứu gần đây đã chỉ ra rằng graphene có những tính chất đặc biệt và có nhiều tiềm năng ứng dụng trong các lĩnh vực công nghệ khác nhau. Bài báo này trình bày các kết quả về phổ kích thích tập thể, một đặc tính quan trọng của vật liệu, trong một cấu trúc ba lớp graphene lớp kép trên nền điện môi không đồng nhất trong gần đúng pha ngẫu nhiên ở nhiệt độ không tuyệt đối. Kết quả giải số cho thấy, một nhánh quang học và hai nhánh âm học tồn tại trong hệ khảo sát. Nhánh quang nhanh chóng biến mất do bị hấp thụ mạnh còn hai nhánh âm học tiếp tục kéo dài hơn cho đến khi tiếp xúc với đường biên vùng kích thích đơn hạt của hệ. Sự không đồng nhất của điện môi nền làm giảm tần số các nhánh quang phổ tần số cao nhưng lại có thể làm tăng tần số của nhánh phổ tần số thấp. Ảnh hưởng của khoảng cách giữa các lớp lên các nhánh phổ cũng không khác nhiều so với các cấu trúc nhiều lớp đã được khảo sát trước đây. Các kết quả thu được có thể có cung cấp thêm thông tin, góp phần hoàn thiện lý thuyết về vật liệu mới graphene.
Odonates (Insecta: Odonata) of the ”Golczewskie Uroczysko” nature reserve (North-West Poland)
Authors: Zawal Andrzej , Olechwir Tomasz , Stępień Edyta
Published: June 2021

The „Golczewskie Uroczysko” nature reserve was established on 5 May 2004 to protect the raised peat bog and the dystrophic Lake Żabie with its surrounding transitional bog and adjacent forest complexes containing valuable plants. In May, July and October 2006 the research of odonates (Odonata) fauna has been conducted in this area. A total of 575 odonates individuals belonging to 29 species (366 imagines, 152 larvae, 57 exuviae) were collected and among these 489 specimens belonging to 28 species were collected in Lake Żabie, 26 specimens belonging to 7 species on the beat boog, 52 specimens belonging to 3 species in flooded alder forest and 8 specimens belonging to 2 species were collected in ditches in the forest. The eurytopic species were dominated with substantial parts of tyrphobiontic and tyrphophilous species.
SEP spectra derived from neutron monitor data and from EPHIN space detector data during recent GLEs and sub-GLEs
Authors: Bütikofer Rolf , Kühl Patrick , Papaioannou Athanasios
Published: June 2021

The Electron Proton Helium Instrument (EPHIN) aboard the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) observed several SEP events with protons accelerated to energies E>500 MeV, whereas no neutron monitor (NM)
of the worldwide network showed a significant increase in their counting rate. For instance, the SEP event on 8 November 2000 with maximum proton intensity at 500 MeV of >0.1 (cm2 s sr MeV)-1 is outstanding,
as this maximum pro-ton flux is comparable with the GLEs on 14 July 2000 and on 15 April 2001 (max. count rate increase in 5-min data of 225% at South Pole NM). In a first step we applied a forward modelling
approach of the SEP event on 8 November 2000, i.e. we computed the expected NM count rate increases for selected NM stations, utilizing as input para-meters the SEP spectra determined from EPHIN data as well
as anticipated pitch angle distribution and apparent source direction. The simulated count rate increases for selected NM stations showed that this SEP event should have be seen as a clear GLE. To further
understand this situation, we investigated in a next step recent GLEs and sub-GLEs. Consequently, a total of four SEP events were selected, two clearly identified GLEs and two sub-GLEs. We performed
a “GLE analysis” based on the data of the worldwide network of NMs for each of the four SEP events and then compared the derived SEP spectra with the proton spectra as determined from EPHIN measurements.
About long term modulation of cosmic rays in the 23-24 solar activity cycles
Authors: Belov Anatoly V. , Gushchina Raisa T. , Yanke Victor
Published: June 2021

Recently, there has been a significant trend in magnetic fields on the Sun. The total magnetic field of the Sun from the end of the 22nd cycle of solar activity (SA)
has more than halved and this decrease continues. Chan- ges in the magnetic field are the key to all the active phenomena occurring on the Sun and in the heliosphere and,
accordingly, to processes in cosmic rays. In long-term CR variations in 23-24 cycles of SA the attenuation of the solar magnetic field is displayed and these variations
turned out to be the smallest for the entire time of CR observations. Model calculations of CR modulation for 21-22 and 23-24 cycles of SA showed: with a slight difference
in the regression characteristics obtained, the distribution of contributions to the generated CR modulation from the effects of various SA indices is strongly varies in the
analyzed periods. Possible reasons for the features of the last two CA cycles are discussed.
Wavelet analysis of long-term variations in neutron monitor, sunspot number and interplanetary magnetic field data
Authors: Baird Fraser , MacKinnon Alexander
Published: June 2021

For the first time, based on the experimental data of AMS-02, a three-parameter spectrum of variations of ga - lactic cosmic rays was obtained in the range of rigidity 1- 20 GV,
to which neutron monitors are most sensitive. It was found that during the period of negative polarity of the solar magnetic field, a power-law spectrum of va - riations is observed
with a strong exponential decay in the region of high rigidity. When the polarity changes to positive at the beginning of the new 24th solar cycle, the spectrum of cosmic ray variations
becomes purely po- wer-law. The transition to the experimentally obtained spectrum of variations will make it possible to remove a number of uncertainties and increase the accuracy of
the analysis of data from the ground network of detectors. This will make it possible to retrospectively obtain fluxes of galactic protons with an average monthly resolution for the
period of the space era based on ground-based monitoring.
Dynamics of energetic spectrum of solar-diurnal variations of cosmic rays in 19-24 solar activity cycles
Authors: Gololobov Petr Yu , Grigoryev Vladislav G. , Krymsky Germogen F. , Gerasimova Sardaana K.
Published: June 2021

The anisotropic angular distribution of cosmic rays (CR) in the interplanetary medium manifests itself on Earth as periodic diurnal intensity variations. Ground-based detectors of CRs
have different energy sensitivity to the primary CR radiation and, therefore, the amplitude and phase recorded by them are also different. This fact makes it possible to study the
energy spectrum of the variations when using a sufficient number of detectors. In this work, the results of the investigation of the energy spectrum of solar-diurnal variations of
CRs obtained by a network of neutron monitors and muon telescopes are presented. The network allows measuring CRs with median energies from units to hundreds of GeV. The expected
values of the amplitude and phase of the daily CR variations at the selected ground-based stations for different types of the energy spectrum are shown. The calculated data are
compared with experimental data for 19-24 solar activity cycles.
A novel approach in magnetic cloud-driven Forbush decrease modeling
Authors: Laurenza Monica , Benella Simone , Vainio Rami , Grimani Catia , Consolini Giuseppe , Hu Qiang , Afanasiev Alexandr
Published: June 2021

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale solar wind disturbances propagating from the Sun and causing a depression of the galactic-cosmic ray (GCR) intensity known as
Forbush decrease (FD). IC- MEs generally contain coherent plasma structures called magnetic clouds (MCs). A unique and powerful data analysis tool allowing for the study of the quasi-3-D
configuration of a MC is the Grad-Shafranov (GS) recons - truction. The aim of this work is to investigate the role played by the MC configuration in the formation of a FD. A suited full-orbit
test-particle simulation has been developed in order to evaluate FD amplitude and time pro- file produced by the MC obtained with the GS reconstruction. Particle trajectories are computed
starting from an isotropic flux outside the MC region. In addition, particle diffusion has been modeled by superimposing a small-angle scattering over the unperturbed charged particle motion
at each time step. The model allows us to investigate the MC effect on GCR propagation and to study the energy dependence of the physical processes in - volved, as it provides an estimate of
ground-based GCR counts observations at different latitudes. A comparison between model results and both space-based cosmic-ray measurements in L1 and ground-based observations suggests a
major role of drifts in producing the FD and a reduced contribution of GCR particle diffusion.
escucha y la voz como herramientas de acompañamiento para la catequesis en contextos virtuales
Authors: Basualto Porra Lorena , Brito Sonia
Published: June 2021

Este artículo presenta dos elementos de la comunicación efectiva, tales como la escucha y la voz como herramientas para la catequesis en contextos virtuales, aspecto clave para la generación y mantenimiento de los vínculos en contextos complejos, inéditos y de emergencia. Para ello, se realiza una revisión documental y experiencial que permite aproximarse al fenómeno de la relación y acompañamiento con un sentido evangélico, donde la comprensión, la reciprocidad y el descubrimiento se despliegan como una síntesis catequética. Los descubrimientos y hallazgos dicen relación con una escucha simétrica, hermenéutica y heurística, además de constituirse en una voz esperanzadora y fraterna
Covid-19 and public health
Authors: Pollock Allyson M. , Harding-Edgar Louisa
Published: June 2021

The UK has the highest death rate from Covid-19 in the world, and it is vulnerable groups who have suffered the most. This article describes the multiple failures of government that led to this tragedy. The depletion of and disinvestment in public health services, communicable disease control and community health services over decades meant those reliant on these services were failed. The fundamental tenets of public health were set aside, and public health expertise ignored, in favour of establishing a parallel, privatised system for epidemic control which failed expensively and spectacularly. Long-established principles of infectious disease control and rules and standards for scientific evaluation were not followed, and our ‘world-class scientists’ fatally departed from World Health Organisation advice. Covid has been used as a cover for more privatisation and less scrutiny and accountability. It has exposed the gap between rich and poor and erosion in our public services. However, rather than ameliorating inequalities, the government has presided over enormous inter- and intra-generational transfers of harms and risks from rich to poor and to those in institutional settings, and from older prosperous people to children. Above all, Covid has been a cover for enormous transfers of wealth from the public purse and public services to private interests — notably in health services. There is a political solution to the undermining of public health, commercial conflicts and lack of public accountability: the government must bring forward legislation to reinstate a publicly funded, publicly operated and fully integrated National Health and Care Service, and set out clear plans for reinvestment and restoring and rebuilding health and care services.
Workers, trade unions and labour law post Covid-19: Time to seize the moment
Authors: Jones Carolyn
Published: June 2021

The world of work has changed. Public attitudes on the role of workers, trade unions and labour law have also changed during the pandemic. People expect the contribution made by workers to be recognised and rewarded. Insecurity, low pay and job segregation are seen as unacceptable. Employment protection and enforcement mechanisms in the UK have been exposed as woefully inadequate. Forty years of neoliberal policies of privatisation, deregulation and austerity have taken their toll and it is time for change. This article explores why, and how the voice of workers and trade unions must be amplified in any post-Covid settlement.
Lenin’s ideas on revolution: Are they still relevant today?
Authors: Lane David
Published: June 2021

Lenin provided the intellectual foundation of Bolshevik political practice. He combined political economy, geopolitics, political organisation and a sociology of social structure to form an innovative revolutionary praxis. The Bolshevik seizure of power and subsequent Soviet economic and political development became a model for revolutionary socialist parties, notably in China. The author contends that he had an over-optimistic prediction for the disintegration of monopoly capitalism and only a partial analysis of the working classes in the advanced capitalist countries. Consequently, expected socialist revolutions have not occurred in the advanced capitalist countries. When the preconditions for revolution are absent, a complementary dimension to Lenin is the endorsement of reform and participation in capitalist regimes. The dismantling of the Soviet Union and the eastern European communist regimes in the late twentieth century, and the reversion to private property and competitive market relations, delivered a mortal blow to the communist system. Today, Lenin’s political approach requires a redefinition of countervailing forces and class alliances and a shift of focus from the semi-periphery to the ‘strongest links’ in the capitalist chain. The author considers that a ‘return to Lenin’ is not to adopt his policies, but a prompt to reinvent a socialist political and economic vision derived from Marx’s analysis of capitalism.
MML operating in a time of Covid: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Jump Meirian
Published: June 2021

In this article, the Marx Memorial Library’s archivist and librarian Meirian Jump reports on the library’s response to the pandemic, highlighting the opportunities for advancing digitisation of its collections and extending the reach of its education programmes through online lectures and courses.
Multiband Transit Follow-up Observations of Five Hot Jupiters with Critical Noise Treatments: Improved Physical Properties
Authors: Saha Suman , Chakrabarty Aritra , Sengupta Sujan
Published: June 2021

The most challenging limitation in transit photometry arises from the noises in the photometric signal. In particular, the ground-based telescopes are heavily affected by the noise due to perturbation in the Earth’s atmosphere. Use of telescopes with large apertures can improve the photometric signal-to-noise ratio to a great extent. However, detecting a transit signal out of a noisy light curve of the host star and precisely estimating the transit parameters call for various noise reduction techniques. Here, we present multiband transit photometric follow-up observations of five hot Jupiters e.g., HAT-P-30 b, HAT-P-54 b, WASP-43 b, TrES-3 b, and XO-2 N b, using the 2 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope at the Indian Astronomical Observatory, Hanle, and the 1.3 m J. C. Bhattacharya Telescope at the Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kavalur. Our critical noise treatment approach includes techniques such as wavelet denoising and Gaussian process regression, which effectively reduce both time-correlated and time-uncorrelated noise components from our transit light curves. In addition to these techniques, use of our state-of-the-art model algorithms have allowed us to estimate the physical properties of the target exoplanets with a better accuracy and precision compared to the previous studies.
Magnetic Connections across the Chromosphere–Corona Transition Region
Authors: Judge Philip
Published: June 2021

The plasma contributing to emission from the Sun between the cool chromosphere (≤104 K) and hot corona (≥106 K) has been subjected to many different interpretations. Here we look at the magnetic structure of this transition region (TR) plasma, based upon the implications of CLASP2 data of an active region recently published by Ishikawa et al., and earlier Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) data of quiet regions. Ishikawa et al. found that large areas of sunspot plages are magnetically unipolar as measured in the cores of Mg ii resonance lines, formed in the lower TR under low plasma-β conditions. Here we show that IRIS images in the line cores have fibrils that are well aligned with the overlying coronal loop segments seen in the 171 Å channel of SDO. When the TR emission in active regions arises from plasma magnetically and thermally connected to the corona, then the line cores can provide the first credible magnetic boundary conditions for force-free calculations extended to the corona. We also re-examine IRIS images of dynamic TR cool loops previously reported as a major contributor to TR emission from the quiet Sun. Dynamic cool loops contribute only a small fraction of the total TR emission from the quiet Sun.
Impact of Dust on Spectral Distortion Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background
Authors: Zelko Ioana A. , Finkbeiner Douglas P.
Published: June 2021

Spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are sensitive to energy injection by exotic physics in the early universe. The proposed Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) mission has the raw sensitivity to provide meaningful limits on new physics, but only if foreground emission can be adequately modeled. We quantify the impact of interstellar dust on Compton y and μ measurements by considering a range of grain size distributions and compositions constrained by theoretical and observational priors. We find that PIXIE can marginalize over a modest number of dust parameters and still recover y and μ estimates, though with increased uncertainty. As more foreground components are included (synchrotron, free–free), estimates of y degrade, and measurement of μ in the range sometimes considered for the standard ΛCDM of 2 × 10−8 becomes infeasible without ancillary low-frequency foreground information. An additional concern is dust absorption of the CMB monopole, a subtle effect that must be included. We quantify one form of model discrepancy error, finding that the error introduced by fitting our interstellar medium dust model with a modified blackbody is too large for CMB spectral distortions to be detectable. The greatest challenge may be the cosmic infrared background (CIB). We find that μ and y are extremely sensitive to modeling choices for the CIB, and quantify biases expected for a range of assumptions.
Assessment of Antepartum Depression and its Effect on Pregnancy Outcome in Two Primary Health Care Units in Qaliobia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Mostafa Ola , El-Rafie Mervat , Al Sayed Eman T. , Khalil Mohamed A. , Zaki Sherry M.
Published: June 2021

Background: Depression during pregnancy occurs more often than most people realize. Early detection of depression during pregnancy is critical because depression can adversely affect birth outcome and neonatal health. Mental health care during pregnancy is a serious public health issue. Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of antepartum depression and its effects on pregnancy outcome; among pregnant women in the last trimester,living in rural Egypt. Methods: the first part of the study was cross sectional; to assess the prevalence of antepartum depression. This was followed by a prospective part to detect the effects of antepartum depression on the outcome of pregnancy. The sample size was 300 consented women. A structured interview questionnaire was designed including socio-demographic and economic data, obstetric history, and neonatal information. Hamilton Rating Scale was used to detect the prevalence and level of Depression   Results: 68.7% of sampled women suffered from antepartum depression.  The incidence of low birth weight was (4%), and about one fifth of babies were admitted in NICU in the first month. Death in first month of life was (3%). The only significant predictor of unfavorable birth outcome using logistic regression was depression level. Females with severe depression were 9.43 at higher risk to have unfavorable birth outcome than normal ones. Also females with moderate depression had 1.4 higher risk to have unfavorable birth outcome than females without depression. Conclusion: (68.7%) of women suffered from depression during pregnancy. Increasing level of depression was significantly associated with adverse birth outcome.
Key Words: depression, pregnancy, mental health, ANC, neonatal health.
Comprehensive Intersystemic Assessment Approach to Relieve Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction: A Review
Authors: Pakpahan Cennikon , Agustinus Agustinus , Darmadi Darmadi
Published: June 2021

Psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is a very common condition in men. About 40% of ED cases are psychogenic. Many of the psychogenic ED patients are young men. The causes of psychogenic ED can be generalized as well as situational. Psychogenic management approaches are different from organic ED. In patients with psychogenic ED, an intersystemic approach is needed for both the patient and his partner. This intersystemic approach will inspect the real cause of the problem. Intersystemic approach: The intersystemic approach not only focuses on the patient side but also on his partner. This approach provides space for partners to explore and understand their sexual life. In this article, we focus to explore a research that conducts intersystemic principle in ED management. We conclude that in psychogenic ED, an intersystematic approach is important for determining the root cause of the problem. Finding the right core cause will determine the right treatment. This therapy can combine with pharmacologic treatments. These therapies can give a better outcome for psychogenic ED.
A Rare Case of Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome without Family History
Authors: Amra Aryani Atiyatul , Aldy Fithria , Pramono Barii Hafidh
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is an uncommon genetic disorder that is most often characterized by pigmentary disturbance and lateral displacement of inner iris with variety of sensorineural deafness. The prevalence of this syndrome is about 1/42.000–1/50.000 on population. There are approximately 48 cases of WS with Hirschsprung disease (HD) which were being reported up to 2002.

CASE REPORTS: A 7-year-old, Asian boy, routine patient of Pediatric-Surgery Department with HD was transferred from Pediatric-Surgery Department of Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan to Ophthalmology Department of Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital Medan with progressive abdominal distance and first ophthalmic evaluation. The patient is accompanied by a history of Hirschsprung disease, malnutrition, and sensorineural hearing loss. There was no family history being discovered. He is responding to visual command. Anterior segment examination showed that there were two different colors of iris – blue colored of the whole left iris and partial right iris. Fundoscopy showed pale retina on both eyes.

CONCLUSION: This patient is diagnosed with Waardenburg-Shah syndrome type IV. It is directly reality with a kind of other congenital disease like HD and no further treatment is needed.
A Case of Pica on a 6–Year-Old Child from Medan
Authors: Ismarika Ismarika , Efffendy Elmeida
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: In 2013, in the feeding and eating disorder category of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), pica was included as a diagnosis. Eating one or more non-nutritious, non-food substances continuously for at least 1 month is an important characteristic of pica. Children who participate in pica eat products that differ greatly but also include paper, plastic, fabric, dirt, paint, rocks, soap, and cigarette butts. This purpose of this case report is to determine the symptoms and diagnosis of pica in child.

CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old girl was brought to the Psychiatry Clinic of North Sumatera University Hospital with her mother due to her unusual behavior of eating stuff including paper, sawdust, crayon, cloth, and ice cubes. This on since the little girl was 3 years of age. One week earlier, the little girl experienced diarrhea before being admitted to the psychiatry clinic. In this case, the diagnosis of pica used the DSM-5 criteria.

CONCLUSION: We hope that this case report about pica can figure out more about this particularly unusual behavior, which can occur even in normal children in which parental neglect may precipitate its occurrence. As clinicians, we can detect the symptoms and signs of pica in children to prevent further complications.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise in Positive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Authors: Nasution Nazli Mahdinasari , Effendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa Mahmud , Siregar Ice Ratnalela
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that impacts on the individual and society. It is characterized by positive, negative, cognitive, affective, and aggressive symptoms. This condition has a detrimental influence on the ability of schizophrenic patients to work across all facets of everyday life, making it a significant clinical goal that cannot be handled with antipsychotics in a sufficient manner. The International Organization of Physical Therapy in Mental Health has confirmed that physical therapy helps to improve physical mental health and quality of life in multidisciplinary care for people with schizophrenia.

AIM: The aim of this study is to see the impact of aerobic exercise on schizophrenic patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study was conducted at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital in 2016. Methods: 34 female chronic schizophrenic patients included in this study. They divided into two groups: Intervention and control group. The intervention group was given aerobic exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks.

RESULTS: We obtained a significant difference change in positive and negative scores of positive and negative syndrome scales between intervention group and control group (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: There is a significant change in positive and negative score of PANSS between intervention group and control group.
A rich fauna of subterranean short-range endemic Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from semi-arid regions of Western Australia
Authors: Giachino Pier Mauro , Eberhard Stefan , Perina Giulia
Published: June 2021

Globally, the great majority of Anillini species are endogean, adapted to live in the interstices of soil and leaf litter, while the extremely low vagility of these minute ground beetles gives rise to numerous shortrange endemic species. Until recently the Australian Anillini fauna was known only from leaf litter in rain forests and eucalypt forests in the wetter, forested regions of eastern and south eastern Australia, as well as Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. The first hypogean Anillini in Australia (17 species in six genera) were described in 2016 from mineral exploration drill holes in iron-ore bearing rocks of the Pilbara region in Western Australia, representing the first finding of the tribe deep underground in a semi-arid climate region. A further eight new genera and 20 new species are described herein, mostly from the Pilbara region as well as the semi-arid Kimberley and Goldfields regions; all were collected in mineral exploration drill holes. The following new genera are described: Erwinanillusgen. nov., Gregorydytesgen. nov., Pilbaraphanusgen. nov., Neoillaphanusgen. nov., Kimberleytyphlusgen. nov., Gilesdytesgen. nov., Pilbaradytesgen. nov., and Bylibaraphanusgen. nov. The following new species are described: Erwinanillus baehrisp. nov.; Gracilanillus hirsutussp. nov., G. pannawonicanussp. nov.; Gregorydytes ophthalmianussp. nov.; Pilbaraphanus chichesterianussp. nov., P. bilybarianussp. nov.; Magnanillus firetalianussp. nov., M. sabaesp. nov., M. salomonissp. nov., M. regalissp. nov., M. serenitatissp. nov.; Neoillaphanus callawanussp. nov.; Kimberleytyphlus carrboydianussp. nov.; Austranillus jinayrianussp. nov.; Gilesdytes pardooanussp. nov., G. ethelianussp. nov.; Pilbaradytes abydosianussp. nov., P. webberianussp. nov.; Bylibaraphanus cundalinianussp. nov.; and Angustanillus armatussp. nov. Identification keys are provided for all Australian anilline genera, and Western Australian species. All the described species are known from a single locality and qualify as short-range endemics. The Anillini are recognised as a significant and diverse element making up part of Western Australia’s remarkable subterranean fauna, and whose conservation may potentially be impacted by mining developments.
Early successional dynamics of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia
Authors: Ariza Gloria Maria , Jácome Jorge , Esquivel Héctor Eduardo , Kotze D. Johan
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the successional dynamics of insects in the highly threatened tropical dry forest (TDF) ecosystem. For the first time, we studied the response of carabid beetles to vegetal succession and seasonality in this ecosystem in Colombia. Carabid beetles were collected from three TDF habitat types in two regions in Colombia: initial successional state (pasture), early succession, and intermediate succession (forest). The surveys were performed monthly for 13 months in one of the regions (Armero) and during two months, one in the dry and one in the wet season, in the other region (Cambao). A set of environmental variables were recorded per month at each site. Twenty-four carabid beetle species were collected during the study. Calosoma alternans and Megacephala affinis were the most abundant species, while most species were of low abundance. Forest and pasture beetle assemblages were distinct, while the early succession assemblage overlapped with these assemblages. Canopy cover, litter depth, and soil and air temperatures were important in structuring the assemblages. Even though seasonality did not affect the carabid beetle assemblage, individual species responded positively to the wet season. It is shown that early successional areas in TDF could potentially act as habitat corridors for species to recolonize forest areas, since these successional areas host a number of species that inhabit forests and pastures. Climatic variation, like the El Niño episode during this study, appears to affect the carabid beetle assemblage negatively, exasperating concerns of this already threatened tropical ecosystem.
Revision of Streblocera Westwood (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae) from China, with the description of seven new species
Authors: Li Jun , van Achterberg Cornelis , Zheng Min-Lin , Chen Jia-Hua
Published: June 2021

The Chinese fauna of the euphorine genus Streblocera Westwood, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is revised. Seven new species from China are described and illustrated: Streblocera (Eutanycerus) carinifera Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (E.) laterostriata Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (E.) uncifera Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (S.) interrupta Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (S.) stigenbergae Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., S. (S.) trullifera Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov., and S. (S.) zoroi Li, Chen and van Achterberg, sp. nov. An identification key to the females of Streblocera from China is provided.
Conotrachelus terryerwini, a majestic new species of Curculionidae (Molytinae, Conotrachelini) from Costa Rica
Authors: Anderson Robert S.
Published: June 2021

A very large, new, and distinctive species of Conotrachelus Dejean is described from Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Conotrachelus terryerwinisp. nov. (type locality Volcan Orosi, Estación Biológica Maritza, Guanacaste, Costa Rica) is described and named in honor of Terry L. Erwin (1940–2020), famed carabidologist and biodiversity champion. This majestic species is easily distinguished by its large body size (15–20 mm) and extremely long rostrum (especially in females).
A meta-analysis on the nutritional value of insects in aquafeeds
Authors: Liland N.S. , Araujo P. , Xu X.X. , Lock E.-J. , Radhakrishnan G. , Prabhu A.J.P. , Belghit I.
Published: June 2021

A major challenge for development of sustainable aquafeeds is its dependence on fish meal and fish oil. Similarly, it is unwanted to include more plant ingredients which adds more pressure on resources like arable land, freshwater and fertilisers. New ingredients that do not require these resources but rather refine and valorise organic side streams, like insects, are being developed. Increasing evidence indicates that using insect ingredients in aquafeeds are a sustainable alternative and considerable progress has been made on this topic in the past years. The aim of this chapter is to present a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the data available on the impact of insects in aquafeeds. Systematic search, collection and selection of relevant literature from databases such as Web of Science and NCBI was performed. The literature search enabled 91 scientific papers from peer-reviewed journals, comprising a dataset of 415 experimental diets, including 35 different aquatic species and 14 insect species to be included in this meta-analysis, covering what we consider a close to complete representation of credible publications on this topic. Information on aquatic species, insect species, dietary composition (amino acids, fatty acids, proximate composition) and performance outputs (growth performance indicators and nutrient digestibility) were included in the construction of the dataset. Regression models and principal component analyses were performed on the meta-data. The results from the meta-analysis revealed a great degree of variation in the maximum threshold for insect inclusion in aquafeeds (from 4 to 37%) based on subgroups of trophic level of aquatic species, insect species used, statistical method and the output parameter. Overall, a maximum threshold of 25-30% inclusion of insects in aquafeeds for uncompromised performance is suggested. Reduction in protein digestibility, imbalanced amino acid profile and increasing levels of saturated fatty acid were identified as major factors limiting higher inclusion of insects in aquafeeds.
Edible wild field cricket (Brachytrupes portentosus) trading in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan M.M. , Rahman M.M. , Kataoka K. , Yura K. , Faruque M.O. , Shadhen F.R. , Mondal M.F.
Published: June 2021

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the market channels, relationship between market intermediates and their functions along with the marketing cost and profit margin of edible wild field cricketBrachytrupes portentosus in Bangladesh. Male respondents were dominantly involved in the insect collection procedure and female were widely engaged in the market. The field cricket trading totally depends on its availability from nature. Generally, this insect becomes available in the winter season (November to February). It was found that insect collectors, wholesaler cum retailers, and local trader cum retailers are the key market intermediates of the four different marketing channels of wild field cricket in Bandarban district of Bangladesh. Among the four observed marketing channels, the channel from insect collectors to the consumer held the big share in the local market. Approximately 43% of the total collection of the wild field crickets occurred through this channel. Both local trader cum retailers and wholesaler cum retailers processed and graded theB. portentosus on the basis of size and sex with the demand of consumers. The net marketing margin was the highest in insect collectors followed by wholesaler cum retailers and local trader cum retailers. The returns on operating capital of insect collectors, wholesaler cum retailers, and local trader cum retailers were 283.7, 48.7 and 42.9%, respectively. The major constraint of edible insect marketing was poor transportation and processing.
Flagging positive images for sting wasps: the use of vespine wasps in Guiyang City, China and its conservation implications
Authors: Dai C. , Chen S. , Wang X.
Published: June 2021

Vespine wasps, along with other insects, are undergoing decreases at alarming rates. However, wasps are universally disliked by the public and therefore receive little conservation attention. This antipathy may be caused by the vespine sting, which can cause great pain and severe allergic reactions in humans, but it is most likely a result of a lack of public awareness of the various ecosystem services provided by wasps. In this study, we conducted an ethno-zoological survey on the use of vespine wasps, underlining their economic value by conducting face-to-face interviews with local gatherers and sellers in a market in Guiyang city, China. Five species were observed in trade. The larvae and pupae are considered highly nutritional foods with prices ranging from 160 to 300 yuan per kilogram, whereas adults and empty combs are used to produce medicinal wines to cure rheumatism and arthritis. Using the weight of nests encountered in the market, we found that the sale of one nest from each of the five recorded species can produce an economic income up to the average disposable income per year for a rural inhabitant living in this city. Our study can be regarded as a small but important step to promote a positive image of wasps to the public. To reconcile the conflict between vespine stings and conservation, we recommend removing but not destroying nests that threaten people for domestication and sustainable use by experienced gatherers. Furthermore, local knowledge can be incorporated into the management of this threat to public safety.
El planeamiento urbanístico contra el territorio: Desencuentros entre planeamiento urbanístico, territorio y paisaje tradicional. El caso de la comarca de Sayago
Authors: De Santiago Rodríguez Eduardo , Prada Llorente Esther
Published: June 2021

Este artículo examina las relaciones entre el planeamiento urbanístico, el territorio, el paisaje y las formas urbanas tradicionales, a través del análisis de tres ejemplos de estudio en la comarca fronteriza de Sayago, en la provincia de Zamora (España). En primer lugar, se presentan los rasgos fundamentales del territorio, el paisaje y la morfología urbana de los núcleos sayagueses, identificando las unidades que componen las células urbanas y los elementos estructuradores del paisaje: tierras de cortineo, comunales y dehesas. Con estos rasgos siempre presentes, se analiza el planeamiento de dos entidades locales, Gamones y Torregamones y una entidad de población, Escuadro, perteneciente al municipio de Almeida, para detallar la influencia en el mismo de las determinaciones a escala autonómica, provincial y municipal, centrándonos particularmente en su pertinencia con respecto a los valores tradicionales enunciados. La conclusión es el desencuentro entre el planeamiento urbanístico y la preservación de estos estos valores.