bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of metastasis location on outcome after cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Hommelgaard Lise , Funder Jonas A. , Verwaal Victor J.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate how metastases in the seven topographical regions of the simplified peritoneal cancer index (sPCI) affect the survival of patients treated with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal (CRC) or appendiceal cancers.

Methods

Data was collected retrospectively from patient records. Abdominal regions affected by PC were identified using the histological verification of surgically removed tumours found in the electronic pathology report. Verified tumours were grouped according to the sPCI topography.

Results

One hundred and eighty-three patients treated with CRS and HIPEC were included. Metastases in the small bowel had a negative impact on survival with a hazard ratio of 1.89 (p=0.005). A significantly impaired survival was also detected for patients affected by metastases in the ileocolic region (p=0.01) and in the omentum and spleen (p=0.04).

Conclusions

When selecting patients for CRS and HIPEC a more cautious approach may be applied by considering the regions affected.
Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking, dynamics simulations, and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies of new thiazolylhydrazone derivatives as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Işık Ayşen , Çevik Ulviye Acar , Celik Ismail , Erçetin Tuğba , Koçak Ahmet , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım
Published: May 2022

In this study, two novel series of thiazolylhydrazone derivatives containing 4-ethylpiperazine (3a–3f) and 4-methoxyphenylpiperazine (3g–3l) side chains were synthesized and their structures were characterized by spectral (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and MS spectra) analyses. In vitro inhibitory activities of synthesized compounds against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined by Ellman method. According to the results, all compounds showed a weak inhibitory effect on AChE, while promising results were obtained on BChE. Among the synthesized compounds, the activities of the derivatives carrying 4-ethylpiperazine (3a–3f) structure were found to be more effective than the compounds carrying 4-methoxyphenyl piperazine (3g–3l) derivatives. Especially, compound 3f bearing the nitro substituent was found to be the most promising compound on BChE in the series. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters of the synthesized compounds were predicted by using the SwissADME server. The potential binding mode and stability of compound 3f with BChE were investigated by the molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The results showed that 3f was strongly bound up with BChE with the optimal conformation; in addition, their binding free energy reached −167.936 ± 13.109 kJ/mol.
“Let’s Get Loud”
Authors: Love Joanna K.
Published: May 2022

In 2020, Latina superstars Jennifer Lopez and Shakira headlined the NFL’s Super Bowl halftime show. Their multicultural and politically charged performance was met with 1,300 FCC complaints, adding to the growing list of Super Bowl controversies—notably, all by top female MTV veterans. This essay historicizes and analyzes the reception of the most controversial halftime shows—performed by Janet Jackson, Madonna, Beyoncé, Shakira, and Jennifer Lopez—to theorize why they became so contentious. Situating these performances within the NFL’s history and its economic incentives for inviting pop stars into the annual championship event, I combine theories of branding with studies on music’s role in creating spectacle and nationalism at the Super Bowl to demonstrate how the game and its halftime shows operate within their own “branded spectacles.” I argue that it is when the often polarizing values of these branded spectacles overlap that they become incendiary—i.e., controversy ensues when the NFL’s displays of violent, hard-bodied, hetero-masculinity, and nationalist and capitalist messaging are juxtaposed within the same mediated space as the oppositional politics of musical performances featuring marginalized bodies otherwise unwelcome into the sport itself. This research engages with important conversations about the roles of branding and music in sporting events, demonstrating that it is not merely the sights but the sounds of these artists’ bodies that has grated most obviously against the “politically neutral” image that the NFL brand and U.S. media culture more broadly, has (until recently) claimed to maintain.
Lucha Reyes
Authors: Alvarado Lorena
Published: May 2022

This article apprehends the namesake coincidence between two cultural icons of the Américas, Lucha Reyes Aceves (1906-1944) and Lucha Sarcines Reyes (1936-1973). Both twentieth century popular singers emerge from spaces of radical difference and affinity (across temporally distinct gendered, racial, class subjectivity). The author contemplates their singing and its significations in tandem, locating their genealogies and/or legacies not within country, say, but in a dynamic of correlation. In doing so, the author proposes a tocaya (namesake) technique as a method to hear how one Lucha may resonate in another Lucha, a gesture that derives from an ethics of interrelation articulated in Chicana feminist inquiry. Tocaya, a colloquial term of endearment, here participates as epistemology alongside a motley methodology including cultural-historical, literary and biomythographical interpretation. The provocative semiotics of their name (Lucha signifying “struggle”) further catalyzes another analytic, la voz que hace la lucha, that speaks to singing histories from subalternity. Hearing through refraction and tangency, via a transhistorical pairing, yields an extraordinary detail that repeats with them and within others: a singing of self-making and self-consciousness, where voices can be seen, and mirrors heard.
African Ecclesiastical Wealth
Authors: Hermanowicz Erika
Published: May 2022

Recent studies on African churches in Late Antiquity (especially Donatist and Catholic) have argued for their robust wealth, especially after the Donatist church was forced to unify with the Catholics after the Conference of Carthage in 411. This paper employs archaeological, historical, and ecclesiastical scholarship to scrutinize assumptions about African ecclesiastical wealth from a number of different perspectives and probes the merits of how wealth is currently estimated, including tabulation and use of comparanda. Archaeological evidence to support the idea of massive church wealth, including evidence of involvement in manufacturing and basic collaboration or coordinated activity, is too thin to warrant credence. Once current assumptions about African church wealth have been critiqued, the paper turns to the role that the Roman administration played in African church finances. Archaeological and ecclesiastical studies on Africa identify the imperial court as the great financial supporter of the Catholic church, which became rich, it is argued, through the emperor’s gifts and economic favoritism. This paper argues that, to the contrary, repeated threat of confiscation before 411 and, in particular, attempts by imperial personnel to coordinate church mergers in Africa after 411 promoted the dispersal and scattering of resources away from churches and into private hands. Institutional structures of the church and the imperial administration encouraged financial atomization and dispersal, not consolidation and accumulation.
En tierra de intercambistas y cazadores. Una aproximación al significado de los petroglifos del conjunto Arawak Subandino en el río Tambo
Authors: Rojas Zolezzi Enrique
Published: May 2022

¿Qué lugar ocupan los petroglifos en la dinámica social de los pueblos del Conjunto arawak subandino? ¿Qué significado expresan? Para contestar estas preguntas el autor del presente artículo, compara los petroglifos en diferentes puntos del territorio ashaninka y matsigenka, y compara éstos con la simbología de los diseños contemporáneos en la pintura textil de estas poblaciones, y establecen relaciones entre la fauna representada y los mitos sobre esta. Así concluye que los petroglifos del río Tambo en la llamada selva central peruana expresan dos valores centrales a las poblaciones del Conjunto arawak subandino, a saber, el intercambio y la cacería.
El aniversario controlado
Authors: Ccasani Condo Miguel Ángel
Published: May 2022

En este trabajo se analiza cómo se desarrolló del centenario de Trujillo (1920) durante los primeros años del gobierno leguiista, donde sus notorias reformas institucionales y el planteamiento de la «Patria Nueva» condicionaron su planteamiento, transcurso y recepción. Para ello se partirá de reportes informativos, comentarios periodísticos y discursos oficiales para comprender el alcance del proyecto leguiista en la propuesta festiva, la participación pública y el interés por cien años de independencia de Trujillo. Se concluye que, aunque la influencia del leguiismo fue indirecta, se mantuvieron aspectos como la renovación de sus símbolos independentistas y el paternalismo a través del hacendado.
Efecto de la adición de lisofosfolípidos en la dieta sobre los parámetros productivos en pollos de engorde COBB 500
Authors: Hurtado Ernesto Antonio , Arteaga Chávez Fátima Graciela , Campozano Marcillo Gustavo Adolfo , Andrade Moreira Stalin Rodolfo , Cedeño Loor Gladys Marleny
Published: May 2022

En los últimos tiempos ha cobrado relevancia el uso de los lisofosfolipidos (LFL) en la industria avícola por la acción emulsificante. Por ello, se llevó a cabo un experimento para evaluar los LFL incorporados en la dieta de pollos COBB 500 en tres fases de crecimiento sobre la respuesta productiva. La fuente de los LFL utilizada fue la contenida en el Lipidol®. Se utilizaron 288 pollos de 1-42 días de edad en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 4x3, siendo el factor A cuatro niveles de lipidol (0, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0 kg/t de alimento) y el factor B tres periodos de utilización (1-7; 1-15 y 1-21 días). Se evaluó el peso semanal acumulado (PSA), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), consumo de alimento semanal (CAS) y conversión alimenticia (CA). Los niveles de inclusión y periodos de utilización (PU) de los LFL mejoraron el PSA, GDP y CAS (p<0.01); sin embargo, los PU no afectaron la CA. Se concluye que los parámetros productivos de los pollos COBB 500 mejoran con niveles entre 0.75 y 1.0 kg/t de alimento a excepción de la CA.
Proteínas del plasma seminal y calidad espermática de toros Romosinuano y Costeño con Cuernos
Authors: Fernández N. Juan Carlos , Herrera P. Natalia , Vergara A. María , Coronado M. Lina , Rúgeles P. Clara , Rueda A. Fabian , Cardozo C. Jaime
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar mediante SDS PAGE el perfil de proteínas del plasma seminal de toros criollos Romosinuano (ROMO) y Costeño con Cuernos (CCC) y su relación con los parámetros de calidad espermática en semen fresco y descongelado. Se colectaron tres eyaculados por toro mediante electro-eyaculación de 10 reproductores ROMO y 10 CCC. En semen fresco se determinó viabilidad (VF), motilidad masal (MMF), motilidad individual rápida progresiva (MIRPF) y concentración espermática (CE). El plasma seminal (PS) se obtuvo mediante doble centrifugación. En el semen descongelado se determinó motilidad individual de rápidos progresivos (MIRPPC), progresividad (PRPC), rápidos progresivos (RPPC) y medios progresivos (MPPC), en ambos casos usando el sistema de análisis computarizado CASA. Adicionalmente se determinó la viabilidad (VPC), e integridad de la membrana mediante el test hipoosmótico. Las proteínas se separaron por electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida (SDS PAGE). Los datos se analizaron mediante prueba de T de student y la presencia de proteínas por Chi cuadrado. La relación entre las proteínas y los parámetros de calidad seminal mediante la prueba de correlación de Pearson y componentes principales de regresión hacia adelante. En semen fresco se evidenciaron diferencias (p<0.05) entre las dos razas para CE y MIRPF, y en semen congelado-descongelado para VPC. Se evidenciaron 10 bandas de proteína en toros ROMO y 7 en toros CCC. Las bandas de 13, 83 y 121 kDa se relacionaron positivamente y la de 15 kDa negativamente con VF de toros ROMO. Las bandas de proteínas de 21, 25, 102 y 174 se relacionaron tanto con MF y CE en toros ROMO. En conclusión, se establecieron los perfiles electroforéticos de proteínas del plasma seminal de toros ROMO y CCC. Las relaciones entre las bandas detectadas con la calidad espermática podrían explicar en parte la capacidad fecundante del espermatozoide de estas razas.
Determinación de Salmonella enterica en alimento crudo biológicamente apropiado para perros (BARF) en Lima, Perú
Authors: Espinoza-Garate Kely , Morales-Cauti Siever
Published: May 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la frecuencia y resistencia antibiótica de Salmonella enterica aislados del alimento crudo biológicamente apropiado (BARF) para perros en Lima, Perú. Se trabajó con 124 muestras pertenecientes a 13 marcas y lotes de alimento tipo BARF disponibles en el mercado local. Las muestras fueron transportadas en un cooler a 4 °C, y conservadas en congelación -18 °C hasta su procesamiento. Se realizó el aislamiento bacteriano y la identificación mediante pruebas bioquímicas, para finalmente determinar la resistencia antimicrobiana frente a 16 antibióticos. La frecuencia de S. enterica fue de 55.6 + 8.7% (69/124), con asociación estadística (p<0.05) entre la presencia de Salmonella y la marca del alimento tipo BARF. No se encontró asociación significativa (p>0.05) entre el tipo de carne del alimento y el diagnóstico de S. enterica. Se encontró 81.5% de cepas de S. enterica resistentes, 11.6% con resistencia intermedia, y 7.4% sensibles a los antibióticos. La S. enterica presenta una alta frecuencia en alimentos BARF comercializados en Lima para perros.
Efectos de la semilla de linaza (Linum usitatissimum L) como reemplazante parcial de semilla y aceite de soya en dietas de pavo sobre el crecimiento, rendimiento de carcasa, parámetros hematológicos y metabolitos lipídicos
Authors: Paredes Manuel , Cóndor Óscar , Hobán Cristian , Ortiz Pedro
Published: May 2022

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de linaza en la dieta de pavos de engorde sobre el crecimiento, rendimiento de carcasa, parámetros hematológicos y metabolitos lipídicos. Se utilizaron 160 pavos machos Hybrid Converter de 42 días de edad y peso corporal de 2.41 + 0.13 kg distribuidos al azar en 4 tratamientos, cada uno con 4 repeticiones de 10 aves. Los pavos recibieron dietas con 0% (dieta control), 5, 10 y 15% de semilla de linaza cruda sin moler. Los pavos del tratamiento al 10%, en la fase de 43 a 91 días de edad, obtuvieron mayor ganancia de peso y mejor conversión alimenticia. El rendimiento de carcasa de pavo disminuyó con 15% de linaza en la dieta; sin embargo, la carcasa contenía menor cantidad de grasa abdominal en comparación con los tratamientos con 0, 5 y 10%. El tratamiento con 15% redujo el colesterol sérico y la de semilla de linaza en cualquier nivel (5, 10 y 15%) puede reducir los triglicéridos séricos.
Enfermedades del sistema ocular diagnosticadas en perros y gatos de La Habana, Cuba. Periodo 2014-2020
Authors: Hugues Beatriz , Torres Miguel
Published: May 2022

En Cuba se realizó un estudio sobre enfermedades del sistema ocular en perros y gatos en el periodo 2000-2013 en la consulta especializada en oftalmología de la clínica veterinaria principal de La Habana, Cuba. Con base a esos resultados, el objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la frecuencia de estas enfermedades oculares en el periodo 2014 a 2020. La muestra quedó integrada por 3186 perros y 177 gatos domésticos (n=3363), la cual se estratificó por razas, sexos y edades. En los perros se determinó que los pekineses (2070; 65%), las hembras (1820; 57%) y a los animales entre 1-5 años (1413; 44%) y 6 o más años (977; 31%) eran los más afectados. Las afecciones del sistema lagrimal (69%), córnea (10%), párpados (9%) y conjuntiva (7%) se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia. En los gatos se halló que los pelicortos americanos (160; 90%), las hembras (115; 65%) y los animales comprendidos entre 1 a 5 años (74; 42%) fueron los más asistidos. En esta especie, las principales afecciones oculares fueron las de la córnea (28%), conjuntiva (22%), párpado superior e inferior (22%) y el tercer párpado (19%).
Helmintiasis en vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) en el distrito de Contumaza (Cajamarca, Perú)
Authors: Curay C. Joao , Chávez V. Amanda , Pinedo V. Rosa , Falcón P. Néstor
Published: May 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue estimar las prevalencias y cargas de helmintos gastrointestinales en vicuñas en el distrito de Contumazá, Cajamarca, así como determinar su asociación con las variables edad y sexo e identificar los géneros parasitarios. Durante agosto de 2015 se atraparon 208 vicuñas en el chaccu organizado por los campesinos y se colectaron heces del recto. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante las técnicas cualitativas de flotación con Solución de Sheather y sedimentación espontanea, para detectar la presencia de huevos de helmintos y de Fasciola hepatica, respectivamente. La carga parasitaria fue estimada mediante el método de McMaster modificado. Además, se hizo cultivo de larvas con la técnica de Baermann. La prevalencia de helmintos fue de 81.3 ± 5.3% y la prevalencia de huevos tipo Strongylus, Nematodirus, Trichuris, Capillaria y Moniezia fue de 61.1, 39.4, 26.9, 16.8 y 8.7% respectivamente. No se encontraron huevos de F. hepatica. La prueba de regresión logística determinó que la edad constituyó un factor de riesgo para la presencia de helmintos (p<0.05) donde vicuñas de <1 año y de 1-3 años presentaron 7.99 y 4.59 veces mayor riesgo de presentar helmintos que vicuñas >3 años. La carga parasitaria promedio de nematodos varió entre 103.8 a 121.3 hpg, correspondiendo a una carga leve. Los géneros de larvas infectivas de la familia Trichostrongylidae identificadas fueron Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Oesophagostomum, Haemonchus y Bunostomum.
Recommended Terminology for Substance Use Disorders in the Care of Children, Adolescents, Young Adults, and Families
Authors: Alinsky Rachel H. , Hadland Scott E. , Quigley Joanna , Patrick Stephen W. ,   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE USE AND PREVENTION
Published: May 2022

Pediatricians across the United States encounter infants, children, adolescents, young adults, and families affected by substance use disorders in their daily practice. For much of history, substance use has been viewed as a moral failing for which individuals themselves are to blame; however, as addiction became understood as a medical disorder, clinical terminology has shifted along with a growing awareness of harm of stigmatizing language in medicine. In issuing this policy statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) joins other large organizations in providing recommendations regarding medically accurate, person-first, and nonstigmatizing terminology. As the first pediatric society to offer guidance on preferred language regarding substance use to be used among pediatricians, media, policymakers, and government agencies and in its own peer-reviewed publications, the AAP aims to promote child health by highlighting the specific context of infants, children, adolescents, young adults, and families. In this policy statement, the AAP provides 3 specific recommendations, accompanied by a table that presents a summary of problematic language to be avoided, paired with the recommended more appropriate language and explanations for each. Pediatricians have an important role in advocating for the health of children and adolescents in the context of families affected by substance use and are optimally empowered to do so by avoiding the use of stigmatizing language in favor of medically accurate terminology that respects the dignity and personhood of individuals with substance use disorders and the children and adolescents raised in families affected by substance use.
ФІЛОСОФСЬКІ АСПЕКТИ РОЗРОБКИ РАКЕТНО-КОСМІЧНОЇ ТЕХНІКИ
Authors: Линник А. К.
Published: May 2022

Objects and processes inherent in rocket and space technology, for the most part, are by their nature diverse systems, the existence of which is due to the interconnections and mutual influence of their components. According to the well-known philosophical concept of Hegel's dialectical triad, cognition of the system as a whole occurs at three levels, which are called thesis, antithesis and synthesis. The first level (thesis) corresponds to the intuitive understanding of the object as a whole. The second, analytical, assumes the division of the whole into several parts. The third level of object cognition is a systems approach, which, in fact, is a synthesis of intuitive and analytical methods. The first place in it is put forward a set of systemic properties of the whole, which do not always coincide with the properties of the constituent parts, taken separately. The systems approach focuses on precisely those relationships that give rise to systemic properties. As a result of the application of the systemic approach, there is a reverse transition from the second level (antithesis) to a holistic, systemic representation of the object, which is characteristic of the intuitive approach (theses), but already at a new level of high quality of understanding. The need to apply a systematic approach in modern conditions is due to the paradigm of human development. In the rocket and space industry, this method is a powerful incentive for the further development of innovative processes that are possible only on the basis of creativity and interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge. Right now, due to the unprecedented build-up and deepening of information and specialization, only systems thinking is able to provide an opportunity to see and understand objects and processes in general, in perspective.This paper briefly outlines the philosophical essence of the systemic methodology and its influence on solving the problems of the formation and development of the world rocket and space technology. The features of application and an example of the implementation of the provisions of the system approach to the design and construction of missiles in the Yuzhnoye design office are noted. The importance of taking into consideration the patterns of behavior of large systems during the current stage of large-scale structural transformation of the enterprise is emphasized.
Driving employee-driven innovation through workplace learning: The story of Singapore SMEs
Authors: Tan Justina , Sim Joel
Published: May 2022

This study is part of a larger research study that seeks to understand how employee-driven innovation (EDI) is initiated, enacted and sustained in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Singapore. To date, most of the EDI studies are conducted in the Nordic context where management, employees and public authorities work closely with each other. In more hierarchical societies, such as those in Asia, employees may be given less discretion in exercising initiative to improve work processes and conditions. This study seeks to provide insights on factors that support employees initiating, enacting and sustaining innovations in Singapore SMEs through case studies. Besides interviews, data gathering was also undertaken through observations of the employees, supervisors/managers and owners at work and their interactions where possible. It is found that employees’ engagement in workplace learning contribute to initiation, enactment and sustenance of EDI in Singapore SMEs. The findings underline the significance of workplace learning in developing and strengthening employees’ innovation capacity.
The Evolution of Big Data in Knowledge Management: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Karaboğa Tuğba , Şehitoğlu Yasin , Karaboğa Hasan Aykut
Published: May 2022

Recently, the close relationship between big data and knowledge management has become one of the important agendas of businesses. The aim of this study is to systematize the literature on big data and knowledge management from a bibliometric perspective and to create a general framework for the past, present and future of the field. The present study examined 622 papers acquired from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database between 2013 and 2020. The results showed that the annual growth rate of the relevant field was found to be 42.9% indicating a higher popularity among researchers. China and USA are home to the most productive authors and institutions in the field. Also, country collaboration network, institutional co-authorship network, co-word network and co-citation network are given to present the intellectual structure of the field. This study is useful to understand leading trends in the field in terms of the most influential authors, institutions and countries, the most productive journals, the most frequent keywords, the collaboration networks and the co-citation networks. To the best of researchers’ knowledge, this study is the first bibliometric examination attempt to understand the flow at the intersection of big data and knowledge management over time.
France in International Relations of the Second Half of the 20th Century and the Early 21st Century – Priorities in Foreign Policy
Authors:   Polish Academy of Sciences, Gmurczyk-Wrońska Małgorzata
Published: May 2022

After the Second World War France lost temporarily her position as a decision-maker in international relations. Soon enough, though, her diplomacy adapted to a bipolar system. Her foreign policy was to manoeuvre between the USSR, the United States and Great Britain, and to jointly create the structures of future European Union. It was in the EU that France has found the place to strengthen her role of mediator and arbiter. Nowadays, the foreign policy of France has numerous continuities originating from the 19th century and the years of 1918 – 1939, but also some modifications related to new directions in French foreign policy and to the adaptation of its tactics to main purposes in order to secure France’s security, her strong position in the EU and in the world.
Dependence Path in the Process of Achieving Transitional Justice on the Post-Soviet Area. Comparative Studies on the Transition in Estonia, Georgia, and Poland
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University, Piechowiak-Lamparska Joanna
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article is to present the dependence path and the number of factors which influenced its shape in the process of achieving transitional justice on the post-Soviet area. In comparative studies carried out in Estonia, Georgia and Poland, it has been demonstrated that there were a number of factors that diversified the process of transformation from the authoritarian to democratic system. The need to settle accounts with the Soviet authoritarian regime was diverse and depended on historical and geopolitical conditions, as well as on the political system which was adopted by individual states after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It has been observed that in Georgia the process of achieving transitional justice was not initiated but replaced, after consolidating the democratic system, by the process of achieving historical justice; however, in Estonia and in Poland, the problem of settling accounts with the outgoing authoritarian regime constituted one of the key issues of the transformation.
Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons as the Source of Endangerment for the Contemporary World and the Reason for the International Law Regulations Being a Subject of Abuse
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland), Stankiewicz Wojciech
Published: May 2022

Among the kinds of CB Weapons, the chemical one might be considered as the one with the longest history of widespread warfare applicability, whereas the biological one as the developed problem of the recent two centuries but also having its roots in ancient eras. The consequences of the usage of CBs are acknowledged by the international conventions dealing with the CB phenomenon. Although the provisions provide solutions and declarations of the minimised usage of CB weapons as the method of warfare and the limited laboratory testing in accordance to the sake of all mankind, the problem still exists. Nowadays, it is especially discussed after the events of 11.09.2001, which brought about the airborne attack on the the two towers of the World Trade Centre in New York and the proceeding events of the Bacillus anthracis4 intoxication spread across the United States of America.
The Freedom Union. The Decline and Fall of the Party in Postcommunist Poland
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Wincławska Maria
Published: May 2022

Emergence of parties and party systems in Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of Communism, in comparison with the emergence of parties and party systems in Western Europe, was different in at least two ways. First, they were forming up in the time of crisis of political parties in general. Western political parties, as Martin Seymour Lipset and Stein Rokkan indicated were a result of sociolopolitical cleavages (Lipset, Rokkan 1967), which enabled them to formulate their programmes and define their electorates. However, since the late 1960’ there have been many changes, due to new socio-political context. Relations between parties and their electorates started to diminish as a result of new sociopolitical differences and the parties themselves started to look for new supporters (tried, with the help of media, to become catch all parties). Parallel to this, ideologies stopped playing the main, defining role in the process of voting for the party. But still, as Lipset claims in an article describing party systems in postcommunist Europe, parties must have steady voter alignments based on sociopolitical divisions in order to successfully take part in consecutive general elections, until then they are unstable.
European Dialogue: Problems, Barriers, Perspectives
Authors:   University of Łódź (Poland), Dośpiał–Borysiak Katarzyna , Stępień–Kuczyńska Alicja ,   University of Łódź (Poland)
Published: May 2022

The meaning of dialogue can differ. In a very narrow sense it is defined as a reciprocal conversation between two or more persons. However from scientific point of view it should be first of all understood as an universal value, one of the most important premises for social actions. Dialogue should be than seen either as a form of bilateral or multilateral relations on global or regional scale or as a method of reaching political decisions inside the political system, functioning as a stabilizing factor. A constructive dialogue is constituted by three basic rules: rule of mutual understanding; rule of mutual respect; rule of integrity of each side’s convictions and behavior. Coexistence of these aspects creates practical mechanisms for solving problems of human condition, civilization threats and social and cultural conflicts in a globalized world.
Civic Education for Human Rights
Authors:   University of Warszawa (Poland), J. Wiatr Jerzy
Published: May 2022

The success of democracy depends on the formation of the social capital conducive to the maintenance of democratic patterns of behavior. Civic education is the most important instrument of the formation of such social capital and is, therefore, an essential responsibility of the democratic state. The concept of social capital, introduced in the social science theory by such authors as Pierre Bourdieu (1984) and James Coleman (1988), implies that the quality of democracy depends on the relations between citizens, particularly on the acceptance of such values as trust in others and willingness to accept them as equals. Consequently, the way in which human rights are perceived in a society has profound importance for the quality of political life and constitutes the crucial component of democratic political culture.
Turkey's European Aspirations to the EU
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland), Stankiewicz Wojciech
Published: May 2022

European Union is nowadays facing one of its biggest challenges and opportunities since its foundation. An answer, which will be sent to Turkey, will bring overwhelming repercussions in wide and large Muslim world. e far-sight approach of European Council can open new stage in evolution of European identity. The European Union’s aim is a safe, secure and wealthy continent, capable to peacefully cooperate with other states.
Religious Fundamentalism: Theorethical Problems
Authors:   Marie Curie-Skłodowska University of Lublin (Poland), Marczewska–Rytko Maria
Published: May 2022

The following article will attempt to present characteristics of religious fundamentalism. The task requires addressing terminological and methodological issues, which seem to constitute the weakest link in the overall research of the phenomenon. Even a cursory analysis of the available data points to the fact, that comparative studies are in minority, while an overwhelming majority of all research focuses on particular instances of fundamentalism, most commonly within one specic religion. ree preliminary observations can be made. Firstly, usually the case is that of either methodological maximalism or minimalism. The work edited by Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby Fundamentalisms Observed, signicant as it was, can serve as a valid example of maximalist approach. The phenomenon discussed therein is viewed in the broad perspective, thus it becomes almost synonymous to traditionalism, nationalism, orthodoxy or communalism.
The Argentinian Reckoning with the Past. Between the Truth, Reconciliation and Striving for Judging People who are Culpable
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań (Poland), Nowak Aleksandra
Published: May 2022

The dictatorship of military junta inicted on the Argentinian society many injures, which have been painful till today. ousands of people were followed, kidnapped, tortured, killed, and children of arrested pregnant women were captured and given to adoption. After lost Falklands-Malvinas War and the decline of bloody regime, victims’families began long way of exposuring the truth about crimes commited by the servicemen, and politicians confronted difficult task (or challenge), which was the reconciliation of society.
Book review: Marek Szulakiewicz, “Dialogue and Metaphysics. In Search for the New First Philosophy”, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2006, pp. 288
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland), Dominiak Łukasz
Published: May 2022

A serious disease of the contemporary world is a state of “the loss of being”. We started to see redundance of metaphysics as a result of reduction of reality to a physical dimension that had been made by positivism. There was no place for scientific discipline which subject had undergone destruction. Being was reduced to objects, to objectivity, to things which only appear to man. “is way we have lost the being, only objects have stayed, things which surrounded us (…) e true existence is confront with material existence.” The same vision of contemporary situation can be found among representatives of the “end of philosophy” discourse such as J.-F. Lyotard, G. Vattimo, O. Marquardt, R. Rorty, P. Laslett.
Book review: “Peace and Antiterrorist Operations in Process of Maintenance of International Security in Years 1948–2004”, (ed.) Dariusz S. Kozerawski, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2006, pp. 250
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (Poland), Stankiewicz Wojciech
Published: May 2022

After the Second World War European countries experienced a period of stability in terms of international situation. Governments of war-damaged states undertook reconstruction of devastated cities and national economies. Considerable war damage caused by War World II resulted in the onset of a period of counteracting possible international disputes. The establishment of the UN as well as NATO initiated the process of resolving conflicts in a diplomatic way and with the use of force of the UN.
¿Intercambio o producción? Una introducción crítica a la propuesta teórica de Alfred Sohn-Rethel
Authors: Torres Jorge Bellatin
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo explora y analiza la crítica a la epistemología moderna-tradicional del filósofo Alfred Sohn-Rethel centrándose en las categorías de “síntesis social” y “abstracción real” que el autor postuló en su obra magna Trabajo manual y trabajo intelectual (2001). La perspectiva de Sohn-Rethel busca adecuar críticamente la concepción materialista de la historia de Marx al análisis de la emergencia de las categorías fundamentales del conocimiento científico, tal y como se formularon en la modernidad europea. Sin embargo, el énfasis que el autor sostiene del intercambio por encima de la producción termina por ser incongruente con postulados básicos derivados de la crítica de la economía política formulada por Marx en El Capital. Así, a partir de la revisión de las categorías de Marx y tomando en cuenta la posición de otros autores, la investigación enfatiza en los limitantes derivados de la propuesta de Sohn-Rethel al analizar las formas sociales del conocimiento.
Experimental study on critical state behaviour of unsaturated silty sand under constant matric suctions
Authors: Cai Guoqing , HAN Bowen , Asreazad Saman , Liu Chao , Zhou Annan , Li JIAN , Zhao Chenggang
Published: May 2022

There are relatively few experimental studies on the hydromechanical and critical state behaviours of unsaturated silty sand. In this paper, suction-controlled, consolidated, drained triaxial shear tests were conducted on silty sand under saturated (net confining pressures of 100, 200, 300 and 400 kPa) and unsaturated (suctions of 30, 100 and 200 kPa and net confining pressures of 100, 200 and 300 kPa) conditions. For unsaturated silty sand, the effects of dry density, matric suction and net confining pressure on the hydromechanical and critical state behaviour were investigated, and the critical state parameters were obtained. The main findings for unsaturated silty sand included shear shrinkage at low dry density (1·6 g/cm3) and dilatancy at higher density (1·96 g/cm3). The peak shear strength was positively correlated with dry density, matric suction and net confining pressure. The critical state volumetric strain and critical state degree of saturation were negatively correlated with dry density and matric suction but positively correlated with net confining pressure. A new dilatancy equation that includes the state parameter for unsaturated silty sand was established. A unique critical state line passes through the origin in the effective stress [Formula: see text]–deviator [Formula: see text] plane, and its slope is the saturated critical state stress ratio [Formula: see text]. In the lnp*–v plane ([Formula: see text] is the specific volume), the critical state lines corresponding to different matric suctions are parallel.
Arginase-1 Is Required for Macrophage-Mediated Renal Tubule Regeneration
Authors: Shin Naomi S. , Marlier Arnaud , Xu Leyuan , Doilicho Natnael , Linberg Daniel , Guo Jiankan , Cantley Lloyd G.
Published: May 2022

Significance Statement

Proinflammatory macrophages that infiltrate the kidney after ischemia-reperfusion injury later transition to a proreparative state characterized by expression of multiple proteins including arginase-1 (Arg1). By comparing the kidney repair response after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice that lack macrophage Arg1 expression with littermate controls, we show that macrophage Arg1 plays a critical role in renal recovery in part by promoting renal epithelial cell proliferative repair. Thus, therapeutic interventions that enhance Arg1 expression may improve renal recovery after kidney injury.

Background

After kidney injury, macrophages transition from initial proinflammatory activation to a proreparative phenotype characterized by expression of arginase-1 (Arg1), mannose receptor 1 (Mrc1), and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (Msr1). The mechanism by which these alternatively activated macrophages promote repair is unknown.

Methods

We characterized the macrophage and renal responses after ischemia-reperfusion injury with contralateral nephrectomy in LysM-Cre;Arg1fl/fl
mice and littermate controls and used in vitro coculture of macrophages and tubular cells to determine how macrophage-expressed arginase-1 promotes kidney repair.

Results

After ischemia-reperfusion injury with contralateral nephrectomy, Arg1-expressing macrophages were almost exclusively located in the outer stripe of the medulla adjacent to injured S3 tubule segments containing luminal debris or casts. Macrophage Arg1 expression was reduced by more than 90% in injured LysM-Cre;Arg1fl/fl
mice, resulting in decreased mouse survival, decreased renal tubular cell proliferation and decreased renal repair compared with littermate controls. In vitro studies demonstrate that tubular cells exposed apically to dead cell debris secrete high levels of GM-CSF and induce reparative macrophage activation, with those macrophages in turn secreting Arg1-dependent factor(s) that directly stimulate tubular cell proliferation.

Conclusions

GM-CSF–induced, proreparative macrophages express arginase-1, which is required for the S3 tubular cell proliferative response that promotes renal repair after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Myeloid CCR2 Promotes Atherosclerosis after AKI
Authors: Hüsing Anne M. , Wulfmeyer Vera C. , Gaedcke Svenja , Fleig Susanne V. , Rong Song , DeLuca David , Haller Hermann , Schmitt Roland , von Vietinghoff Sibylle
Published: May 2022

Significance Statement

AKI impairs excretory function, but also leaves a damaged kidney. We demonstrate that a single episode of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice. Renal inflammation preceded expression of myeloid and T cell genes in the atherosclerotic aorta. The chemokine receptor CCR2 was instrumental in inflammatory monocyte recruitment to the kidney, renal and aortic inflammatory macrophage marker CD11c expression, and enhanced aortic plaque formation after AKI. Delineating underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis support the concept of a “toxic kidney” that promotes remote inflammation after ischemic reperfusion injury.

Background

The risk of cardiovascular events rises after AKI. Leukocytes promote atherosclerotic plaque growth and instability. We established a model of enhanced remote atherosclerosis after renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and investigated the underlying inflammatory mechanisms.

Methods

Atherosclerotic lesions and inflammation were investigated in native and bone marrow–transplanted LDL receptor–deficient (LDLr−/−
) mice after unilateral renal IR injury using histology, flow cytometry, and gene expression analysis.

Results

Aortic root atherosclerotic lesions were significantly larger after renal IR injury than in controls. A gene expression screen revealed enrichment for chemokines and their cognate receptors in aortas of IR-injured mice in early atherosclerosis, and of T cell–associated genes in advanced disease. Confocal microscopy revealed increased aortic macrophage proximity to T cells. Differential aortic inflammatory gene regulation in IR-injured mice largely paralleled the pattern in the injured kidney. Single-cell analysis identified renal cell types that produced soluble mediators upregulated in the atherosclerotic aorta. The analysis revealed a marked early increase in Ccl2, which CCR2+ myeloid cells mainly expressed. CCR2 mediated myeloid cell homing to the post-ischemic kidney in a cell-individual manner. Reconstitution with Ccr2−/−
bone marrow dampened renal post-ischemic inflammation, reduced aortic Ccl2 and inflammatory macrophage marker CD11c, and abrogated excess aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation after renal IR.

Conclusions

Our data introduce an experimental model of remote proatherogenic effects of renal IR and delineate myeloid CCR2 signaling as a mechanistic requirement. Monocytes should be considered as mobile mediators when addressing systemic vascular sequelae of kidney injury.
Relationship Between Retinopathy and Mean Platelet Volume
Authors: ŞAHİN Ayşe Demet , UYGUN Saime Sündüs , ŞATIRTAV Günhal , ALTUNHAN Hüseyin
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE: Platelet activation is thought to play a role in the angiogenesis process involved in the pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We planned this study to investigate whether the mean platelet volume (MPV), used to assess platelet activation, could be used as a biomarker in the diagnosis and treatment of ROP.
STUDY DESIGN: In our study, we evaluated infants who underwent ROP examination among infants born at 32 weeks or less and/or 1500 grams or less as well as infants who had more than these values but experienced a bad neonatal period. These patients were divided into two groups as those with and without ROP, and in those with ROP group, as requiring treatment and not requiring treatment. We recorded the patients’ identity, maternal characteristics, antenatal/natal/postnatal features, and complications during follow-up, ROP control times, and complete blood count parameters (platelet count, MPV, platelet count/MPV). Primarily, we evaluated the differences of platelet parameters, especially the MPV values, between treatment requiring ROP and non-treatment requiring ROP groups and secondarily, we evaluated the correlation between scanned parameters and ROP development.
RESULTS: Of the 144 patients included in the study, 49 patients (34%) had ROP and 25 patients (16.6%) had ROP requiring treatment. There were statistically significant differences between patients who were diagnosed with ROP and who were not, in terms of gestational age, birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, surfactant use, duration of oxygen use, intraventricular hemorrhage, patent ductus arteriosus, neonatal sepsis, number of blood transfusions, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and time to catch up birth weight. However, there was no significant difference in terms of MPV, platelet count and platelet/MPV ratio. The gestational week, invasive ventilation day and duration of oxygen use, BPD and time to catch up birth weight were found to be statistically high in treatment-requiring rather than non-treatment-requiring ROP groups. There was no significant difference in MPV, platelet count, platelet/MPV ratio among these groups. A statistically significant difference was found in the most advanced stage ROP and plus existence in the treatment requiring ROP group.
CONCLUSION: As a result of our study, we could not find enough data to say that MPV is a marker that can be used in the diagnosis of ROP and in measuring the severity of retinopathy. We suggest that more studies should be done on this subject.