bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dementia and autopsy-verified causes of death in racially-diverse older Brazilians
Authors: Farfel Jose M. , Leurgans Sue E. , Capuano Ana W. , de Moraes Sampaio Maria Carolina , Wilson Robert S. , Schneider Julie A. , Bennett David A.
Published: December 2021

Background

While dementia has been associated with specific causes of death, previous studies were relatively small autopsy series or population-based studies lacking autopsy confirmation and were restricted to Non-Latinx Whites. Here, we examine the association of dementia with autopsy-verified causes of death in racially-diverse older Brazilians.

Methods

As part of the Pathology, Alzheimer´s and Related Dementias Study (PARDoS), a community-based study in Brazil, we included 1941 racially-diverse deceased, 65 years or older at death. We conducted a structured interview with legal informants including the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale for dementia proximate to death. Causes of death were assessed after full-body autopsy and macroscopic examination of the brain, thoracic and abdominal/pelvic organs. Up to four causes of death were reported for each decedent. Causes of death were classified as circulatory, infectious, cancer and other. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of dementia with cause of death, controlling for age, sex, race, and education.

Results

Dementia was associated with a higher odds of an infectious cause of death (OR = 1.81, 95%CI:1.45–2.25), and with a lower odds of a circulatory disease as cause of death (OR = 0.69, 95%CI:0.54–0.86) and cancer as cause of death (OR = 0.41, 95%CI:0.24–0.71). Dementia was associated with a higher odds of pneumonia (OR = 1.92, 95%CI:1.53–2.40) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 2.31, 95%CI:1.75–3.05) as causes of death and with a lower odds of acute myocardial infarction (OR = 0.42, 95%CI:0.31–0.56) and arterial disease (OR = 0.76, 95%CI:0.61–0.94) as causes of death.

Conclusion

Racially-diverse older Brazilians with dementia had a higher odds of an infectious cause of death and a lower odds of cancer and circulatory disease as causes of death than those without dementia.
Prevalence of the Frank’s sign by aetiopathogenic stroke subtype: A prospective analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Cirera Laura , Bashir Saima , Ciscar Adina , Marco Carla , Cruz Verónica , Terceño Mikel , Silva Yolanda , Serena Joaquín
Published: December 2021

Background and purpose

The Frank’s sign is a diagonal earlobe crease running from the tragus to the edge of the auricle at an angle of 45°. Many studies have associated this sign with coronary artery disease and some with cerebrovascular disease. The objective of this study was to analyse the prevalence of the Frank’s sign in patients suffering from acute stroke with a particular focus on its prevalence in each of the five aetiopathogenic stroke subtypes. Special interest is given to embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), correlating the sign with clinical and radiological markers that support an underlying causal profile in this subgroup.

Methods

Cross-sectional descriptive study including 124 patients admitted consecutively to a stroke unit after suffering an acute stroke. The Frank’s sign was evaluated by the same blinded member of the research team from photographs taken of the patients. The stroke subtype was classified following SSS-TOAST criteria and the aetiological study was performed following the ESO guidelines.

Results

The Frank’s sign was present in 75 patients and was more prevalent in patients with an ischaemic stroke in comparison with haemorrhagic stroke (63.9 vs. 37.5, p<0.05). A similar prevalence was found in the different ischaemic stroke subtypes. The Frank’s sign was significantly associated with age, particularly in patients older than 70 who had vascular risk factors. Atherosclerotic plaques found in carotid ultrasonography were significantly more frequent in patients with the Frank’s sign (63.6%, p<0.05). Analysing the ESUS, we also found an association with age and a higher prevalence of the Frank’s sign in patients with vascular risk factors and a tendency to a high prevalence of atherosclerosis markers.

Conclusion

The Frank’s sign is prevalent in all aetiopathogenic ischaemic stroke subtypes, including ESUS, where it could be helpful in suspecting the underlying cardioembolic or atherothrombotic origin and guiding the investigation of atherosclerosis in patients with ESUS and the Frank’s sign.
mAb Das-1 recognizes 3’-Sulfated Lewis A/C, which is aberrantly expressed during metaplastic and oncogenic transformation of several gastrointestinal Epithelia
Authors: Brown Jeffrey W. , Das Koushik K. , Kalas Vasilios , Das Kiron M. , Mills Jason C.
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Multiple previous studies have shown the monoclonal antibody Das-1 (formerly called 7E12H12) is specifically reactive towards metaplastic and carcinomatous lesions in multiple organs of the gastrointestinal system (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus, intestinal-type metaplasia of the stomach, gastric adenocarcinoma, high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) as well as in other organs (bladder and lung carcinomas). Beyond being a useful biomarker in tissue, mAb Das-1 has recently proven to be more accurate than current paradigms for identifying cysts harboring advanced neoplasia. Though this antibody has been used extensively for clinical, basic science, and translational applications for decades, its epitope has remained elusive.

Methods

In this study, we chemically deglycosylated a standard source of antigen, which resulted in near complete loss of the signal as measured by western blot analysis. The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 was determined by affinity to a comprehensive glycan array and validated by inhibition of a direct ELISA.

Results

The epitope recognized by mAb Das-1 is 3’-Sulfo-Lewis A/C (3’-Sulfo-LeA/C). 3’-Sulfo-LeA/C is broadly reexpressed across numerous GI epithelia and elsewhere during metaplastic and carcinomatous transformation.

Discussion

3’-Sulfo-LeA/C is a clinically important antigen that can be detected both intracellularly in tissue using immunohistochemistry and extracellularly in cyst fluid and serum by ELISA. The results open new avenues for tumorigenic risk stratification of various gastrointestinal lesions.
Plasticity of the bony carotid canal and its clinical use for assessing negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Oichi Yuki , Mineharu Yohei , Agawa Yuji , Morimoto Takaaki , Funaki Takeshi , Fushimi Yasutaka , Yoshida Kazumichi , Kataoka Hiroharu , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: December 2021

Background and objective

It has long been believed that the bony carotid canal has no plasticity and that a small canal represents a hypoplastic internal carotid artery. We aimed to show whether the carotid canal can narrow according to morphological changes in the internal carotid artery.

Materials and methods

The carotid canal diameter was longitudinally measured in seven individuals who underwent carotid artery ligation. As moyamoya disease is known to be associated with negative remodeling of the internal carotid artery, the carotid canal diameter was measured in 106 patients with moyamoya disease, and an association with the outer diameter of the internal carotid artery or a correlation with the disease stage was investigated. The carotid canal was measured by computed tomography (106 patients), and the outer diameter of the artery was measured by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (63 patients). The carotid canal area was calculated by the product of the maximum axial diameter and its perpendicular diameter.

Results

All seven patients who underwent carotid artery ligation showed narrowing of the carotid canal, and the carotid canal area decreased by 12.2%–28.9% during a mean follow-up period of 4.2 years. In patients with moyamoya disease, the carotid canal area showed a linear correlation with the outer area of the internal carotid artery (r = 0.657, p < 0.001), and a negative correlation with the disease stage (ρ = −0.283, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The bony carotid canal has plasticity, and its area reflects the outer area of the internal carotid artery, therefore, it can be used to assess the remodeling of the carotid artery. A narrow carotid canal may not necessarily indicate hypoplastic internal carotid artery.
National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to predict poor outcome in hospitalised COVID-19 patients in India
Authors: CR Pugazhvannan , Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Pownraj Dhivya , Kandasamy Ravichandran , Basheer Aneesh
Published: December 2021

Background

While several parameters have emerged as predictors of prognosis of COVID-19, a simple clinical score at baseline might help early risk stratification. We determined the ability of National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to predict poor outcomes among adults with COVID-19.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted on 399 hospitalised adults with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between August and December 2020. Baseline NEWS2 score was determined. Primary outcome was poor outcomes defined as need for mechanical ventilation or death within 28 days. The sensitivity, specificity and Area under the curve were determined for NEWS2 scores of 5 and 6.

Results

Mean age of patients was 55.5 ± 14.8 years and 275 of 399 (68.9%) were male. Overall mortality was 3.8% and 7.5% had poor outcomes. Median (interquartile range) NEWS2 score at admission was 2 (0–6). Sensitivity and specificity of NEWS 2 of 5 or more in predicting poor outcomes was 93.3% (95% CI: 76.5–98.8) and 70.7% (95% CI: 65.7–75.3) respectively [area under curve 0.88 (95% CI: 0.847–0.927)]. Age, baseline pulse rate, baseline oxygen saturation, need for supplemental oxygen and ARDS on chest X ray were independently associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusions

NEWS2 score of 5 or more at admission predicts poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with good sensitivity and can easily be applied for risk stratification at baseline. Further studies are needed in the Indian setting to validate this simple score and recommend widespread use.
The effects of sex and outcome expectancies on perceptions of sexual harassment
Authors: Leigh Shonagh , Thomas Andrew G. , Davies Jason
Published: December 2021

Using an outcome expectancy framework, this research sought to understand sex differences in the underlying beliefs that influence harassment perception. One hundred and ninety-six participants (52% women) read a series of vignettes depicting common examples of digital male-on-female sexual harassment. They were asked to what extent they thought each scenario constituted sexual harassment, and how likely the perpetrator would experience positive and negative outcomes. Consistent with predictions, women were more likely to consider the behaviours as harassment than men were. Both sexes harassment perceptions had significant relationships with their outcome expectancies, but we also found evidence of a sex specific moderation; the link between men’s negative outcome expectancies was moderated by their positive ones. The results suggest that perceptions of harassment may have sexually asymmetrical underpinnings. Measuring the interplay between positive and negative outcome expectancies in relation to sexual harassment perception is a novel approach, that may have implications for the development of anti-sexual harassment interventions. Implications for theory and future research directions are discussed.
Reconstructing SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics through the phylogenetic inference of unsampled sources of infection
Authors: Perera Deshan , Perks Ben , Potemkin Michael , Liu Andy , Gordon Paul M. K. , Gill M. John , Long Quan , van Marle Guido
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated the importance of infection tracking. The role of asymptomatic, undiagnosed individuals in driving infections within this pandemic has become increasingly evident. Modern phylogenetic tools that take into account asymptomatic or undiagnosed individuals can help guide public health responses. We finetuned established phylogenetic pipelines using published SARS-CoV-2 genomic data to examine reasonable estimate transmission networks with the inference of unsampled infection sources. The system utilised Bayesian phylogenetics and TransPhylo to capture the evolutionary and infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Our analyses gave insight into the transmissions within a population including unsampled sources of infection and the results aligned with epidemiological observations. We were able to observe the effects of preventive measures in Canada’s “Atlantic bubble” and in populations such as New York State. The tools also inferred the cross-species disease transmission of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from humans to lions and tigers in New York City’s Bronx Zoo. These phylogenetic tools offer a powerful approach in response to both the COVID-19 and other emerging infectious disease outbreaks.
Hypercoagulation detected by routine and global laboratory hemostasis assays in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: Koltsova Ekaterina M. , Sorokina Maria A. , Pisaryuk Alexandra S. , Povalyaev Nikita M. , Ignatova Anastasia A. , Polokhov Dmitry M. , Kotova Elizaveta O. , Balatskiy Alexander V. , Ataullakhanov Fazoil I. , Panteleev Mikhail A. , Kobalava Zhanna D. , Balandina Anna N.
Published: December 2021

Background

Coagulation system is heavily involved into the process of infective endocarditis (IE) vegetation formation and can facilitate further embolization. In this study we aimed to assess the coagulation and platelet state in IE implementing a wide range of standard and global laboratory assays. We also aim to determine whether prothrombotic genetic polymorphisms play any role in embolization and mortality in IE patients.

Methods

37 patients with IE were enrolled into the study. Coagulation was assessed using standard coagulation assays (activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin, fibrinogen, D-dimer concentrations) and integral assays (thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombodynamics (TD)). Platelet functional activity was estimated by flow cytometry. Single nuclear polymorphisms of coagulation system genes were studied.

Results

Fibrinogen concentration and fibrinogen-dependent parameters of TEG and TD were increased in patients indicating systemic inflammation. In majority of patients clot growth rate in thrombodynamics was significantly shifted towards hypercoagulation in consistency with D-dimers elevation. However, in some patients prothrombin, thromboelastography and thrombodynamics were shifted towards hypocoagulation. Resting platelets were characterized by glycoprotein IIb-IIIa activation and degranulation. In patients with fatal IE, we observed a significant decrease in fibrinogen and thrombodynamics. In patients with embolism, we observed a significant decrease in the TEG R parameter. No association of embolism or mortality with genetic polymorphisms was found in our cohort.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that coagulation in patients with infective endocarditis is characterized by general hypercoagulability and platelet pre-activation. Some patients, however, have hypocoagulant coagulation profile, which presumably can indicate progressing of hypercoagulation into consumption coagulopathy.
The Schistosoma mansoni nuclear receptor FTZ-F1 maintains esophageal gland function via transcriptional regulation of meg-8.3
Authors: Romero Aracely A. , Cobb Sarah A. , Collins Julie N. R. , Kliewer Steven A. , Mangelsdorf David J. , Collins James J.
Published: December 2021

Schistosomes infect over 200 million of the world’s poorest people, but unfortunately treatment relies on a single drug. Nuclear hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate diverse processes in metazoans, yet few have been functionally characterized in schistosomes. During a systematic analysis of nuclear receptor function, we found that an FTZ-F1-like receptor was essential for parasite survival. Using a combination of transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we discovered that the micro-exon gene meg-8.3 is a transcriptional target of SmFTZ-F1. We found that both Smftz-f1 and meg-8.3 are required for esophageal gland maintenance as well as integrity of the worm’s head. Together, these studies define a new role for micro-exon gene function in the parasite and suggest that factors associated with the esophageal gland could represent viable therapeutic targets.
Experimental Dining: Performance, Experience and Ideology in Contemporary Creative Restaurants
Authors: Geary Paul
Published: December 2021

Considers four of the world’s leading creative restaurants as experimental performance practice. Using ideas from performance studies, cultural studies, philosophy and economics, the book argues that technoemotional restaurants can be understood as both a commodified experience and an artistic and aesthetic practice.
Entre a Idade Média e a Idade Moderna
Authors: Ferramosca Fabiano
Published: December 2021

Qual o crescimento percentual entre o inicio do século XV e o inicio do século XVI no termo do Porto? Para responder a essa questão, o presente artigo contabiliza o número de contribuintes do Porto em duas fontes fiscais: o livro da abertura da rua nova (1438) e o livro da abertura da rua das flores (1521-1527). Temos por objetivo apresentar de forma quantitativa o crescimento populacional dos contribuintes que se deu no termo do Porto. Foram elaboradas tabelas comparativas das circunscrições com os valores populacionais nos dois períodos e respetivo crescimento percentual.
O “Centro Audiovisual Max Stahl” Timor-Leste (CAMSTL) da Universidade de Coimbra
Authors: Vieira De Freitas Maria Cristina , Copa dos Santos Elis Gabriela
Published: December 2021

O Centro Audiovisual Max Stahl armazena recursos informacionais gerados no âmbito da descolonização, invasão da Indonésia e independência de Timor-Leste. Este repositório digital está instalado numa matriz localizada em Díli e numa réplica situada na Universidade de Coimbra, inaugurada em 2016, para fins de preservação e alargamento do acesso à informação. Neste artigo, realizamos um estudo de caso do repositório de Coimbra, incidindo nos seguintes aspetos: análise comparada dos metadados utilizados; estado de sincronização/atualização de dados; critérios de organização e representação da informação das coleções; controlo, preservação e legibilidade de backups; enquadramento dos direitos de autor e de uso de imagens. Metodologicamente, o estudo foi conduzido através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, inquéritos por entrevista e observação direta de funcionalidades aplicacionais incorporadas à plataforma (backoffice e frontoffice). Os principais resultados descrevem o notável esforço realizado no âmbito da constituição e do desenvolvimento da plataforma e apontam para a continuidade das atividades iniciadas no passado, delineando-se ações futuras a incidir nos seguintes aspetos: correção, uniformização e enriquecimento dos metadados descritivos, bem como da classificação e da indexação dos recursos, para potenciar a encontrabilidade e a recuperação de informação; estudo e implementação da sincronização bidirecional dos servidores; desenvolvimento da coleção. Como conclusão, o facto de que estas ações envolvem atividades de curadoria e preservação de informação, com a inerente afetação dos recursos apropriados.
Activistas-Ilha
Authors: Brilhante Joana
Published: December 2021

Este artigo reflecte acerca da centralidade do espaço relativamente à (in)visibilidade de pessoas LGBTQ (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Trans e Queer) através de um estudo de caso na Região Autónoma dos Açores (RAA).A partir de uma análise qualitativa, utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas para estudar as experiências e percepções de activistas LGBTQ locais, colocando a insularidade enquanto lente de análise para pensar a forma como as sexualidades são situadas num dado contexto espácio-temporal.
A geografia insular revela-se uma ferramenta de análise com elevado potencial ao demonstrar que o isolamento conferido pela condição geográfica ultrapassa os limites da própria geografia, permeando as vivências não heterocisnormativas, isolando-as, e criando aquilo que designo por Activistas-Ilha.
Resin Nano-Ceramic Material Surface Roughness, Color Stability, and Bacterial Adhesion Evaluation After Different Scaling Methods
Authors: Farag Engy Adel Ahmed , Morsi Tarek Salah , Wahsh Marwa Mohamed , El-Etreby Amr Saleh
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The study evaluated in vitro the changes in roughness, color stability, and bacterial count of a CAD/CAM Resin Nano-Ceramic material surface treated by various scaling procedures. Material and Methods: 70 disks (5mm diameter, 0.5 mm thickness) of Resin Nano-Ceramic (Lava ™Ultimate, 3M, ESPE) material were cemented in standardized cavities prepared in bovine teeth. A custom-made scaling apparatus of a double pan balance was used for different scaling methods, simulating standard clinical conditions. The specimens were assigned to three main groups: no scaling(C), ultrasonic scaling (U), and manual scaling (M). Each group was then divided into three subgroups according to scaling tip material; stainless steel tip (St), plastic tip (P), and titanium tip (Ti). The surface texture was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively with a tactile profilometer and atomic force microscopy. A spectrophotometer was used for color measurement. Streptococcus mutans were counted in a colony counter. All the data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Two-way ANOVA was used to study the effect while One-way ANOVA was performed to compare between study groups. The significance level was set at p 0.05. The ultrasonic titanium tip(UTi) revealed the significant highest mean value of alterations (p < 0.001). The integrity of the material surface was altered in the form of deep scratches on the ultrasonically scaled surfaces and numerous smaller scratches on the hand-scaled surfaces. Conclusion: The plastic instrument would appear to be the instrument of choice during a routine maintenance procedure for Resin Nano-Ceramic materials.
Keywords
Bacterial biofilm; Dental ceramics; Color stability; Scaling; Surface roughness.
Race/Ethnicity and Birthplace as Risk Factors for Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia in a Multiethnic United States Population
Authors: Tan Mimi C. , Jamali Taher , Nguyen Theresa H. , Galvan Amy , Sealock Robert J. , Khan Anam , Zarrin-Khameh Neda , Holloman Ashley , Kampagianni Ourania , Ticas David Henriquez , Liu Yan , El-Serag Hashem B. , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Several US subgroups have increased risk of gastric cancer and gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) and may benefit from targeted screening. We evaluated demographic and clinical risk factors for GIM and examined the interaction between race/ethnicity and birthplace on GIM risk.

METHODS:

We identified patients who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy with gastric biopsy from 3/2006–11/2016 using the pathology database at a safety net hospital in Houston, Texas. Cases had GIM on ≥1 gastric biopsy histopathology, whereas controls lacked GIM on any biopsy. We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations with GIM risk using logistic regression and developed a risk prediction model of GIM risk. We additionally examined for associations using a composite variable combining race/ethnicity and birthplace.

RESULTS:

Among 267 cases with GIM and 1,842 controls, older age (vs <40 years: 40–60 years adjusted odds ratios (adjORs) 2.02; 95% CI 1.17–3.29; >60 years adjOR 4.58; 95% CI 2.61–8.03), Black race (vs non-Hispanic White: adjOR 2.17; 95% CI 1.31–3.62), Asian race (adjOR 2.83; 95% CI 1.27–6.29)
, and current smoking status (adjOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.39–3.00) were independently associated with increased GIM risk. Although non-US-born Hispanics had higher risk of GIM (vs non-Hispanic White: adjOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.28–3.45), we found no elevated risk for US-born Hispanics (adjOR 1.13; 95% CI 0.57–2.23). The risk prediction model had area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.673 (95% CI 0.636–0.710) for discriminating GIM.

DISCUSSION:

We found that Hispanics born outside the United States were at increased risk of GIM, whereas Hispanics born in the United States were not, independent of Helicobacter pylori infection. Birthplace may be more informative than race/ethnicity when determining GIM risk among US populations.
Análisis estratégico en la empresa de Componentes Electrónicos, Pinar del Río, Cuba
Authors: Rojas Hernández Dairon , Espinosa Martínez Estela Gertrudis , Pelegrín Mesa Arístides , Rojas Hernández Dariel
Published: December 2021

El siguiente artículo de investigación científica tiene como objetivo proponer un cambio de paradigma en la dirección de la empresa de Componentes Electrónicos, Pinar del Río. Fundamenta la necesidad de analizar la estrategia de la entidad como condición necesaria para el crecimiento y desarrollo, transformar e inducir valor. Se describe, además, la necesidad de que la dirección estratégica pueda contribuir a la obtención de metas de la organización y del grupo de dirección y trabajadores, que le permita enfrentar la incertidumbre y riesgos sobre las acciones y reacciones en los mercados.
gestión del riesgo en los equipos quirúrgicos de alta complejidad: el caso del Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón
Authors: Díaz Daiana Valeria
Published: December 2021

Estudios realizados en diversos países muestran que los servicios en los que se producen la mayor cantidad de eventos adversos son los de cirugía y que, en comparación a los países industrializados, los países en desarrollo presentan una probabilidad mayor de que se produzcan tales eventos. En Argentina, esta problemática está invisibilizada por la falta de información sobre sucesos de este tipo y la escasez de investigaciones que la abordan.En este marco, se inserta nuestro interés por posar la mirada en la gestión del riesgo en el quirófano, abordando nuestro estudio desde las ciencias de la gestión y la administración, con el fin de estudiar las condiciones de riesgo para los pacientes, las prácticas concernientes al proceso de trabajo, los factores organizacionales que convergen en el mismo y las estrategias utilizadas por el equipo para gestionar el riesgo.Utilizamos una perspectiva metodológica predominantemente cualitativa, cuya estrategia de investigación consistió en el estudio de caso. Consideramos el caso del Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Eva Perón comoejemplar para el estudio descriptivo de las formas en que gestionan el riesgo los equipos quirúrgicos en intervenciones de alta complejidad.  Se dio prioridad a fuentes de información primaria a partir de lastécnicas de recolección de datos de observación no participante y entre vistas en profundidad. La indagación fue complementada con fuentes de información secundaria.Los resultados obtenidos nos permitieron aportar evidencia empírica relacionada con las situaciones críticas y riesgos del sistema, así como sobre la gestión de los mismos.
Missionaries of Indians according to the First Three Councils of Lima
Authors: Nawrot Piotr
Published: December 2021

In the era of the conquest and colonization of Hispanic America, the church had at least two different manifestations: the Spanish church and the missional church. There was a marked difference between the two, beginning with the ethnic groups that made them up, methods of pastoral work, style of liturgy, content of catechesis, ecclesiastical laws, and, even, identities of priests destined to be chaplains of one of the two groups. Practically, from the founding moment the Catholic Church in the New World had the ability to differentiate its apostolic action according to the ethnic group that comprised it. Relatively easy was the implantation of the Spanish church in colonial cities in America. However, the founding of the new church – missional church – required the creation of a new modus operandi of its apostolic action. Such work could not be conferred on any priest or brother who felt called to undertake activities among the Indians, but on men specially selected and prepared in a different way than the secular clergy. The first three Lima Councils and their parallel Councils of México addressed this issue in several of their sessions. The article will seek to present those Indian missionaries who, although sometimes erred, knew how to carry out the mission with solid logic and apostolic courage, obeying the synod instructions.
Tuberculose, petite vérole et choléra : d’une contamination isolée à la pandémie. Les maladies infectieuses mortelles dans les Mémoires de l’abbé Pochard (1800–1831)
Authors: Fischer Jérémie
Published: December 2021

Cet article de Jérémie Fischer intitulé Tuberculose, petite vérole et choléra : d’une contamination isolée à la pandémie. Les maladies infectieuses mortelles dans les Mémoires de l’abbé Pochard (1800-1831), présente trois exemples issus des écrits de l’émigré français. A travers une tuberculose individuelle, une épidémie de petite vérole à l’échelle d’un village puis une pandémie internationale de choléra observée depuis la Pologne, l’article montre les réactions des contemporains. 190 ans après le passage de la deuxième pandémie de choléra en Pologne, il est intéressant de constater que la politique sanitaire des autorités, mais aussi les réactions individuelles et collectives, ressemblent de près à celles dont nous faisons l’expérience aujourd’hui, alors que l’Europe est touchée par la deuxième vague de la Covid-19.
In the Shadow of an Abdication: The Art and Cult of Saint Popes on the Example of the Tomb of Boniface VIII in the Vatican Basilica
Authors: Grzeszczak Jan
Published: December 2021

W artykule podjęto problem ideowej wymowy grobowca papieża Bonifacego VIII w bazylice watykańskiej oraz dokonanego przez papieża nawiązania do postaci jego poprzednika z początku VII wieku, św. Bonifacego IV (608–615). To ukończone w 1296 roku dzieło autorstwa Arnolfa di Cambio i prawdopodobnie Jacopa Torritiego należy umiejscowić w kontekście skomplikowanych początków pontyfikatu Bonifacego VIII, wybranego na Stolicę Piotrową za życia poprzednika. Przeprowadzona analiza obejmuje ukazanie wyglądu tego nieistniejącego dzisiaj mauzoleum na podstawie zachowanych świadectw, prezentację ideowego przesłania grobowca oraz przybliżenie oryginalnego wprzęgnięcia przez Bonifacego VIII hagiografii w program własnego pontyfikatu. W artykule zastosowano metodę analityczną w odniesieniu do historii i historii sztuki. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań mauzoleum Bonifacego VIII w bazylice watykańskiej jawi się jako dzieło niezwykle spójne ideowo i podporządkowane jego wizji pontyfikatu, a zarazem służące apologii najwyższej władzy w Kościele w kontekście pojawiających się oskarżeń o bezprawną jej uzurpację. Zaprezentowane analizy mogą stanowić punkt wyjścia do dalszych badań nad papieską obrzędowością w średniowieczu.
Analysis of the Meaning of the Word ‘Coincidence’ in the Context of the Problem of Moral Luck
Authors: Strzyżyński Przemysław
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to show which meanings of the word ‘coincidence’ can be used in the problem of moral luck. The first part of the article briefly discusses the essence of the problem of moral luck, the types of this luck and the consequences of recognizing the role of luck for morality. The second presents definitions of coincidence. This part also presents the arguments which of the presented meanings of coincidence can be used in the analysis of the problem of moral luck. In conclusion, there is a suggestion to limit the meaning and role of the so-called  paradox of moral luck.
Maternal hypothyroidism prolongs gestation period and impairs glucose tolerance in offspring of Wistar rats
Authors: David Ubong Edem , Asiwe Jerome Ndudi , Fasanmade Adesoji Adedipe
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Pregnancy is a critical period keenly regulated by both maternal and foetal factors and a shift in these factors could result in severe complications manifesting in foetal and adult life. However, maternal hypothyroidism before and/or during pregnancy is a critical factor. This study investigated the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on glucose tolerance and thyroid function in male and female offspring.

Methods

Fifteen adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (sham-control), Group 2 (thyrodectomized) and Group 3 (thyroidectomised + L-thyroxine treated). Blood thyroxine (T4) level was measured on the day 10 after thyroidectomy in Groups 1 and 2, and day 35 in Group 3. Males were introduced to the female rats after T4 measurement. At PND-112, T4 levels of their offspring were measured. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was measured in offspring at PND-133.

Results

Thyroxine reduced significantly in Group 2 and their offspring (male and female) compared to Group 3 while gestation period was prolonged significantly in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Hypothyroid male offspring showed depressed glucose tolerance, however, no effect was observed in female offspring.

Conclusions

This study suggests that maternal hypothyroidism prolonged gestation period, induced foetal hypothyroidism in both genders and depressed glucose tolerance in male offspring.
New altitudinal records of Panthera onca (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Andean region of Ecuador
Authors: Griffith Daniel M. , Nivelo-Villavicencio Carlos , Rodas Fabián , Puglla Byron , Cisneros Rodrigo
Published: December 2021

We report two records of jaguars (Panthera onca) registered with camera traps at 2300 and 2660 m a.s.l. in the Ecuadorian Andes, which represent the first verifiable records of the species above 2000 m in Ecuador. As the first records of jaguars from Río Negro-Sopladora National Park and Tapichalaca Reserve, these records raise important questions about the species’ ecology and conservation in Andean montane forests. From a regional perspective, these records may indicate connectivity between jaguar populations inhabiting both sides of the Andes. Sustained monitoring of wildlife populations is necessary to discern the significance of these records and help develop strategies to ensure the conservation of this highly mobile species across the increasingly fragmented Andean-Amazonian landscapes of southern Ecuador.
Crystal structure of bis(μ3-oxido)-bis(μ2-2-formylbenzoato-k2
O:O′)-bis(2-(dimethoxymethyl)-benzoato-κO)-oktakismethyl-tetratin(IV)
Authors: Gao Zhongjun , Zhang Haifeng
Published: December 2021

C44H56O16Sn4, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 9.129(7) Å, b = 11.826(9) Å, c = 13.612(17) Å, α = 109.954(17)°, β = 98.165(16)°, γ = 102.862(12)°, V = 1308(2) Å3, Z = 1, R

gt
(F) = 0.0298, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0806, T = 298 K.
Associations between anger and chronic primary pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adachi Tomonori , Yamada Keiko , Fujino Haruo , Enomoto Kiyoka , Shibata Masahiko
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Anger is a negative emotion characterized by antagonism toward someone or something, is rooted in an appraisal or attribution of wrongdoing, and is accompanied by an action tendency to undo the wrongdoing. Anger is prevalent in individuals with chronic pain, especially those with chronic primary pain. The associations between anger and pain-related outcomes (e.g., pain intensity, disability) have been examined in previous studies. However, to our knowledge, no systematic review or meta-analysis has summarized the findings of anger-pain associations through a focus on chronic primary pain. Hence, we sought to summarize the findings on the associations of anger-related variables with pain and disability in individuals with chronic primary pain.

Methods

All studies reporting at least one association between anger-related variables and the two pain-related outcomes in individuals with chronic primary pain were eligible. We searched electronic databases using keywords relevant to anger and chronic primary pain. Multiple reviewers independently screened for study eligibility, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment.

Results

Thirty-eight studies were included in this systematic review, of which 20 provided data for meta-analyses (2,682 participants with chronic primary pain). Of the included studies, 68.4% had a medium methodological quality. Evidence showed mixed results in the qualitative synthesis. Most anger-related variables had significant positive pooled correlations with small to moderate effect sizes for pain and disability.

Conclusions

Through a comprehensive search, we identified several key anger-related variables associated with pain-related outcomes. In particular, associations with perceived injustice were substantial.
Das syrische Perlenlied und die manichäische Redaktion
Authors: Fuchs Gisela
Published: December 2021

A hundred years ago (1917/1918) Wilhelm Bousset broke new ground with the thesis that the Acts of Thomas showed traces of Manichaean editing, especially in the Hymn of the Pearl, perhaps the most famous and the most beautiful poem in the Syriac language. In this poem, according to Bousset, the stages in the life of the prince, the protagonist, strangely match the stages in the life of Mani, the founder of the Manichaean religion. The present article revisits this thesis, which enjoys as much interest as ever and is accepted by several well-known contemporary scholars. It takes account of older witnesses (such as the traditions of the early church) while introducing new arguments based on a consideration of original Manichaean literature and striking features of language and style. In a kind of panoramic view, it shows that the Hymn of the Pearl was indeed subjected to Manichaean editing: motives and themes from older traditions were adapted to refer to Mani and supplemented with new interpretive material. Taken together, the old and the new observations confirm Bousset’s thesis that the son of the king in the Hymn of the Pearl was identified with Mani and that an editor (or a school of editors) reworked the poem to make it point to him.
Leontopolis: Kaiserstadt ohne Bischof?
Authors: Pilhofer Philipp
Published: December 2021

The city of Leontopolis in Isauria first appears in the sources towards the end of the 5th century, more precisely: in a legal text of the later Codex Iustinianus. In general, the surviving information is very sparse. In this essay, the source material is reviewed, in particular the mentioned law and the Martyrdom of Konon of Bidana. On this basis, a date of foundation is suggested, a new localisation of the city is established and the question of its own episcopal see is pursued.
The development of the apostrophe with proper names in Turkish
Authors: Caro Reina Javier , Akar Işık
Published: December 2021

In modern Turkish, the apostrophe is used to separate proper names from inflectional endings (İzmir’de‘in İzmir’). This is not the case with inflected common nouns (şehirde‘in the city’). In this respect, the apostrophe constitutes an instance of graphematic dissociation between proper names and common nouns. Interestingly, the apostrophe was originally employed to transliteratehamzaandaynin Arabic and Persian loanwords (san’at‘art’). However, these loanwords gradually lost the apostrophe (sanat‘art’). This implies that Turkish experienced a graphematic change whereby the apostrophe developed from a phonographic marker of glottal stop into a morphographic marker of morpheme boundaries in proper names. This refunctionalization process is illustrated by a diachronic corpus analysis based on selected issues of the newspaperCumhuriyetfrom 1929–1975. The findings reveal that the use of the apostrophe with proper names was triggered by foreignness. More specifically, the apostrophe first occurred with foreign names to highlight morpheme boundaries (Eden’in‘of Eden’) and then expanded to native names via animacy (Doğan’ın‘of Doğan’).
Importance of Corporate Governance: Evidence from Kosovo’s Banking Sector
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, University Isa Boletini, Kosovo, Durguti Esat A. , Kryeziu Nexhat ,   Faculty of Management, Business and Economics, University for Business and Technology, Kosovo
Published: December 2021

This study identifies and assesses the impact and effect of corporate governance (CG), as a good practice mechanism, as well as some specific financial indicators on the performance of the banking sector in Kosovo. The data used in the research are defined as secondary data that include nine (9) commercial banks and cover the period 2013–2020. The analysis applied to data processing is the dynamic approach through 2SLS estimation for the dependent variables ROA, ROE, and NIM. The results obtained at the end of the study show that all variables applied in this research, depending on the variable defined for evaluation, have a significant impact on the performance of the banking sector. The results also show that the most adequate measure for assessing a bank’s performance is the net interest margin (NIM). This research paves the way for debate and discussion on the governing structures of financial institutions and policymakers.
Macroprudential Policy Versus Other Economic Policies
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia and Credit Suisse Group AG, Zurich, Switzerland, Lorenčič Eva , Festić Mejra ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
Published: December 2021

After the global financial crisis of 2007, macroprudential policy instruments have gained in recognition as a crucial tool for enhancing financial stability. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and microprudential policy operate with a different toolkit and focus on achieving goals other than the stability of the financial system as a whole. In ligh of this, a fourth policy – namely macroprudential policy – is required to mitigate and prevent shocks that could destabilize the financial system as a whole and compromise financial stability. The aim of this paper is to contrast macroprudential policy with other economic policies and explain why other economic policies are unable to attain financial stability, which in turn justifies the need for a separate macroprudential policy, the ultimate goal whereof is precisely financial stability of the financial system as a whole. Our research results based on the descriptive research method indicate that, in order to prevent future financial crises, it is indispensable to combine both the microprudential and the macroprudential approach to financial stability. This is because the causes of the crises are often such that they cannot be prevented or mitigated by relying only on microprudential or only on macroprudential policy instruments.
Home-Based Health Care Interventions for People Aged 75 Years and Above With Chronic, Noninflammatory Musculoskeletal Pain: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chopra Swati , Kodali Rama T. , McHugh Gretl A. , Conaghan Philip G. , Kingsbury Sarah R.
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:

Chronic, noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain is common in the aged population and management can be challenging for older people due to multimorbidity, social isolation, and physical frailty. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize and discuss the evidence related to home-based health care interventions for older adults, with chronic, musculoskeletal pain.

Methods:

A review of the literature using 8 electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database [PEDro], Scopus, and Web of Science) was performed, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. English language published studies that assessed home-based health care intervention/s, in men and women 75 years and older, with chronic, noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain where included. Two authors independently reviewed the articles and extracted data into a preformulated chart.

Results and Discussion:

The database search identified 4722 studies of which 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. Six of the 7 studies were randomized controlled trials and 5 studies focused on a single-site pain. The type of home-based interventions in the included studies was physical therapy (n = 2), psychotherapy (n = 3), and multimodal therapy (combination of multiple therapies) (n = 2). Participation completion rate was more than 74% in 6 out of 7 studies. Most studies used pain and/or physical function as their primary outcome (n = 6). Music therapy showed a statistically significant reduction in visual analog scale score for pain, and there was a trend toward improvement of pain and function in the physical therapy studies. No significant differences in outcomes between intervention and control groups were observed in the multimodal studies.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the scarcity of evidence related to home-based health interventions in older people 75 years and older, living with chronic, noninflammatory musculoskeletal pain. The findings were that physical, psychotherapeutic, and multimodal interventions are usually well tolerated and can be delivered as a safe self-management option. There remains a substantial need for more high-quality research with wider range of home-based interventions and comprehensive assessment of outcomes for this age group.
My Self-Decolonizing Story as a Colonize(d)(r) Canarian Scholar/Worm
Authors: Hernández-Ojeda Carmen G.
Published: December 2021

As a researcher in the United States, I became a diasporic colonize(d)(r) scholar—a colonized colonizer subject. In order to understand my camino and self-decolonize, I undertake an autoethnographic process to scrutinize my identity within the history of oppression, connivance, and resistance of Canary Islanders. I unpack my gaze as a colonized subject from the Canary Islands who, like her ancestors, participates in colonizing land and people elsewhere. This essay offers an embodied reflection that enriches decolonizing studies and contributes to decolonizing academia.
Trend detection of atmospheric time series
Authors: Chang Kai-Lan , Schultz Martin G. , Lan Xin , McClure-Begley Audra , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Xu Xiaobin , Ziemke Jerald R.
Published: December 2021

This paper is aimed at atmospheric scientists without formal training in statistical theory. Its goal is to (1) provide a critical review of the rationale for trend analysis of the time series typically encountered in the field of atmospheric chemistry, (2) describe a range of trend-detection methods, and (3) demonstrate effective means of conveying the results to a general audience. Trend detections in atmospheric chemical composition data are often challenged by a variety of sources of uncertainty, which often behave differently to other environmental phenomena such as temperature, precipitation rate, or stream flow, and may require specific methods depending on the science questions to be addressed. Some sources of uncertainty can be explicitly included in the model specification, such as autocorrelation and seasonality, but some inherent uncertainties are difficult to quantify, such as data heterogeneity and measurement uncertainty due to the combined effect of short and long term natural variability, instrumental stability, and aggregation of data from sparse sampling frequency. Failure to account for these uncertainties might result in an inappropriate inference of the trends and their estimation errors. On the other hand, the variation in extreme events might be interesting for different scientific questions, for example, the frequency of extremely high surface ozone events and their relevance to human health. In this study we aim to (1) review trend detection methods for addressing different levels of data complexity in different chemical species, (2) demonstrate that the incorporation of scientifically interpretable covariates can outperform pure numerical curve fitting techniques in terms of uncertainty reduction and improved predictability, (3) illustrate the study of trends based on extreme quantiles that can provide insight beyond standard mean or median based trend estimates, and (4) present an advanced method of quantifying regional trends based on the inter-site correlations of multisite data. All demonstrations are based on time series of observed trace gases relevant to atmospheric chemistry, but the methods can be applied to other environmental data sets.