bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colorimetric Test Paper for H2O2 Determination Based on Peroxidase‐Like Activity of an AuFe/ZIF‐8‐Graphene Composite
Authors: Jia Shengran , Zhang Xiaokuan , Yuan Fang , Xia Ting
Published: November 2022

Herein, we prepared a bisuppport‐based bimetallic nanoparticle composite AuFe/ZIF‐8‐graphene. It exhibited high peroxidase activity compared to those hybrids without graphene support, which demonstrated the regulatory effect of graphene on the catalytic activity. SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, FT‐IR and XPS characterization showed that Au and Fe3O4 NPs were successfully immobilized on ZIF‐8‐rGO carriers. Kinetic analysis confirmed that the fabricated composites showed better Km and Vmax for H2O2 than HRP and some other reported peroxidase mimics. Under the optimal conditions, a sensing assay for H2O2 determination was constructed with a linear detection range of 0.01–2.5 mM and a detection limit of 0.63 μM. On this basis, a colorimetric test paper with its standard card was prepared for rapid visualization detection. It realized H2O2 detection in the range of 0.01‐500 mM and was further successfully applicated in the semi‐quantitative detection of H2O2 in actual spiked water samples. This achievement was expected to encourage the development of rapid visual detection for other pollutants in environmental and medical field.
Gold Nanoclusters as a Fluorescent Probe for the Sensitive Determination of Morin and Sensing of Temperature
Authors: Zhang Yi , Tang Chang , Zhang Minglu , Huang Zilong , Cai Zhifeng
Published: November 2022

The fluorescence detection has attracted extensive attentions because of its selective and sensitive determining characteristics for a series of analytes. In this detection system, a fluorescence method was first developed for the analysis of morin (MR) based on gold nanoclusters, which was prepared using tryptophan as the stabilizer and reducing agent. The as‐synthesized gold nanoclusters (Trp‐Au NCs) showed maximum excitation wavelength and emission wavelength at 368 and 449 nm, respectively. When MR was added, the fluorescence intensity at 449 nm was significantly quenched, which might be attributed to the inner filter effect (IFE) and static quenching. The ln(F0/F) value of Trp‐Au NCs displayed excellent linearity for sensing MR in the range of 0.5–90 μM (R2 =0.9958) with a lower detection limit of 0.063 μM. This proposed sensor could be used for the sensing of temperature. Moreover, this fluorescence detecting strategy was successfully used in real samples, which indicated its great potential value for MR sensing in actual samples.
Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Computational Study of Third‐Order NLO Properties of Schiff bases
Authors: Shahzad Munawar Khurram , Ali Saqib , Ashfaq Muhammad , Nawaz Tahir Muhammad , Muhammad Shabbir , Alarfaji Saleh S. , Ahmed Gulzar , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G.
Published: November 2022

The current study involves the synthesis of two azomethine compounds, (E)‐2‐((6‐nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)methylene)amino)phenol (2AP6NO) and (E)‐2‐((4‐ethylbenzylidene)amino)phenol (2AP4ETH), as well as their theoretical investigations. The synthesized azomethine compounds were then characterized by combustion analysis (CHN), FT‐IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) analysis. The SC‐XRD study confirmed the enol tautomeric form of 2AP6NO as well as 2AP4ETH. The strong and comparatively weak intermolecular interactions were elaborated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. For both compounds, intermolecular interaction energies between the pair of molecules, energy framework, and void analysis were calculated to visualize the three‐dimensional topology of the crystal packing. Additionally, quantum chemical computations were also utilized to study the optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) response. The molecular geometries were optimized at the M06‐2X/6‐311G* method and equated to their respective experimental counterparts. The third‐order NLO polarizabilities were also calculated at the same level of theory. The calculated average third‐order NLO polarizabilities were 62.55×10−36 esu and 55.08×10−36 esu, respectively, predicting the modest behavior of the above compounds when displaying NLO properties.
Tellurium Treatment for the Modification of Sulfide Inclusions and Corresponding Industrial Applications in Special Steels: A Review
Authors: Xu Xiangyu , Tian Qianren , Hu Tao , Ji Dengping , Qian Quan , Fu Jianxun
Published: November 2022

Tellurium treatment is used to control the morphology of manganese sulfide (MnS) inclusions, reduce the mechanical anisotropy, and improve the machinability of sulfur‐bearing steels, such as free‐cutting steels, super free‐cutting steels, medium‐carbon microalloyed steels, and die steels. The boiling point of tellurium is low, and it is mainly added to steel in the form of fine particles wrapped in a cored wire. In steels, tellurium mainly exists in the form of Mn(S, Te) inclusions or MnTe–MnS composite inclusions. The strength of MnS inclusions is increased through tellurium doping; thus, the aspect ratio of sulfide after hot working is significantly decreased through tellurium treatment. However, the tellurium content in steel should not be too high; otherwise, brittle compounds will form and cause embrittlement, particularly in high‐alloyed steels. The Te/S mass ratio is considered an important factor in tellurium treatment. When the Te/S mass ratio in steel is 0.2, the aspect ratio of the as‐cast sulfide could be controlled within the optimal range. During steelmaking, the yield of Te can be improved by reducing the basicity of the slag and decreasing the time of Te evaporation. Through data‐driven material design, Te treatment technology undergoes broader development.
Comparison of the Prediction of BOF End‐Point Phosphorus Content Among Machine Learning Models and Metallurgical Mechanism Model
Authors: Zhang Runhao , Yang Jian , Wu Siwei , Sun Han , Yang Wenkui
Published: November 2022

The five machine learning models (MLM) of ridge regression, gradient boosting regression (GBR), support vector regression, random forest regression (RFR), convolutional neural network, and a metallurgical mechanism model (MMM) are compared in predicting the end‐point P content in the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process. The prediction accuracy of MMM is much lower than those of five MLM. The GBR and RFR models have the best performance, with the correlation coefficient values of 0.599 and 0.608, respectively. The smallest mean absolute relative error value of 0.155 and the root mean square error value of 0.00319 are obtained with GBR and RFR, respectively. The values of correlation coefficient after data distribution optimization for all MLM are increased two times higher than before. The second blowing time, lime weight, and oxygen consumption amount are evaluated to have the greatest impacts on the end‐point P content. The end‐point P content decreases with decreasing the second blowing time and with increasing the lime weight and the oxygen consumption amount. The GBR and RFR models are optimized by removing the variables with little impacts on the end‐point P content. The highest prediction accuracy is obtained when 14 variables are remained.
Anchorage and detailing of reinforcement under fire action
Authors: Muciaccia Giovanni
Published: November 2022

In recent years, an increasing attention was devoted to evaluating the effects of temperature exposure on the bond properties between a steel bar and the surrounding concrete, with a lower focus on the effects on bond length and, more in general, on the consistency among existing design models, when considering a fire scenario. The current paper proposes a unified approach for both cast‐in and post‐installed rebars to evaluate the effects of temperature exposure on bond length and reinforcement detailing in reinforced concrete members in bending subjected to a simulated fire event. Starting from a consistent evaluation of decay of bond properties as a function of temperature, different geometrical configurations of beam/slab to column/wall connections are considered. For a given fire duration, the impact on bond length is evaluated as a function of bar position and size, also focusing on the potential modifications in the overall load‐transfer mechanism, when bond properties are excessively impaired.
Police Accounts of Body‐Worn Camera Footage In News Media
Authors: Schneider Christopher J.
Published: November 2022

People offer accounts in response to actions that are subjected to valuative inquiry. Recordings of police actions captured on body‐worn camera (BWC) video can become subject to valuative inquiry when footage is publicly released. This footage may possibly undermine police legitimacy. Managing legitimacy is a basic rationale for why police provide accounts in response to their conduct. Proponents of BWCs assert that the devices enhance legitimacy and, while police have long used accounts to justify their conduct, less is known about how body cameras affect police accountability in practice. Drawing from Scott and Lyman's accounts theory framework, this qualitative, exploratory study examines official police accounts as both outcomes of police accountability in practice and as provided in the context of news media coverage of publicly released body‐worn camera footage. This allows us to ask the following questions: What types of accounts have police officials provided in news media reports in the context of publicly released BWC footage? And, more generally, what insight might an analysis of police accounts provide about accountability in relation to the implementation of BWCs? A key finding reveals that the timing of police accounts varied quite considerably, and that accounts were usually not static. The findings provide some general insight into what kinds of actions captured on body camera recordings constitute acceptable use of force by officers, even in situations when police actions resulted in death. This study also provides a small empirical window into when and how police officials provide accounts in response to publicly released body camera footage.
Critical Language Testing, Multilingualism and Social Justice
Authors: Shohamy Elana
Published: November 2022

The paper reports on trends in language testing taking place over the years and aim at critical perspectives of testing and promoting inclusion, equity and justice. It begins with critical theories by Messick, Foucault and Bourdieu, leading to critical language testing (CLT) which focused on consequences and uses of tests. Given the power of tests and their detrimental effects questions were raised regarding the impact of language tests on individuals and society. Based on theories of sociolinguistics and applied linguistics it was realized that bi‐multilingual students, especially immigrants in the first years of migration and beyond continue to use their first languages as resources for academic functioning, referring to it as their ‘full language repertoire’. These languages are needed especially when processing academic school tests, presented in the new language which students have not yet acquired. The paper reports on studies where immigrant students are tested in multilingual tests and reach significantly high scores compared to those tested only in the new language. In experiments, using a variety of tools, students showed positive attitude to the procedure as they felt recognition and respect. Multilingual tests need to be practiced in schools to avoid language rights violations. Multimodal assessment methods are also proposed as additional ways for expanding the underpinnings of language construct. Lastly, it is recommended that language testing researchers and practitioners conduct research to identify cases of violate language rights and suggest new assessment models to overcome it, leading to increased social justice.
30 years of UEG: What has been achieved and what does the future hold?
Authors: Farthing Michael J. G.
Published: November 2022

The 30th UEG Week took place in Vienna at the Messe Wien Exhibition and Congress Center between 8 and 11 October 2022. It was the first face to face meeting of UEG for 3 years, the previous two UEG Weeks having been delivered in the virtual format. The participants were delighted to return to the vibrant, friendly, family atmosphere they had come to love, with the total number of attendees returning almost to pre‐Covid levels. It was a triumph. There were frequent reminders that this was a significant anniversary meeting which included clinical topic based 30 year reviews and teatime treats in the social spaces, culminating in an anniversary scientific session which reviewed the outstanding progress that had be made during the last 3 decades in managing four of the most challenging diseases in gastroenterology and hepatology; hepatitis C, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Following these high‐quality scientific papers, I gave a brief account of UEG's history, focusing predominantly on progress made during the last 3 years which is described below. The session closed with a short musical interlude and a firework display!.
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of metallic foreign body ingestion in two new world camelids
Authors: Gamsjäger Lisa , Nuss Karl , Hartnack Amanda , Eckert Alexandra , Gerspach Christian
Published: November 2022

A 14‐year‐old alpaca and a 3‐year‐old llama presented independently with vague symptoms of abdominal discomfort. Bloodwork was unremarkable in the alpaca, but showed signs of sepsis in the llama, and abdominal ultrasonography was normal in both animals. Abdominal radiography revealed a metallic gastrointestinal foreign body in both cases. Ventral midline laparotomy was performed, and the foreign bodies were retrieved from the C3 compartment in the alpaca and from the proximal duodenum in the llama. Both camelids received broad‐spectrum antimicrobial drugs, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and supportive care. The alpaca and llama were discharged from the hospital 16 and 8 days after surgery, respectively. The alpaca was euthansed due to recumbency of unknown aetiology 2 months later, while the llama was doing well 4 months after discharge. This report shows the usefulness of abdominal radiographs in camelids presenting with unspecific clinical signs and demonstrates that hardware disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Anion exchange membrane fuel cell: New insights and advancements
Authors: Vedarajan Raman , Balaji Rengarajan , Ramya Krishnan
Published: November 2022

Anion exchange membrane (AEM)‐based fuel cells as an alternative to proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are attracting a lot of attention due to lower cost perceived due to use of non‐platinum group metals as the catalysts. This review has focused on the advancements in the materials that have led to achievements in performances similar to that of PEMFC and the challenges that need to be overcome to bring the technology to commercialization. The improvements in the properties of the AEM, the advancements in the AEM, binders and understandings of the cationic species adsorption on the catalysts have led to improved performances >3 W cm−2. The review also highlights the importance of the stability issues of the membranes that has to be overcome for >5000 h of continuous operation for commercialization of the alkaline AEM fuel cell technology. The advancements in other operational parameters like water management, carbonation are also highlighted.

This article is categorized under:

Emerging Technologies > Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Astronomical Observations at Machu Picchu: Facts, Hypothesis and Wishful Thinking
Authors: Ziółkowski Mariusz , Kościuk Jacek
Published: November 2022

The aim of this text has been the evaluation of the hypotheses, formulated by various authors, on the possible astronomical function of seven structures and architectural ensembles located in the Llaqta of Machu Picchu and its immediate vicinity: the Temple of the Sun, the Room of the Mortars, the cave of Intimachay, the Temple of Condor, the Intihuatana, the Mirador de Inkaraqay, the River Intihuatana as well as the site of Llactapata. Apart from the Room of the Mortars, whose astronomical function was revealed to be dubious, the remaining six ensembles present well-documented evidence of astronomical alignments, with a marked preference for orientations towards sunrise on the June Solstice, and the demarcation of a fixed number of days around this phenomenon. Two structures, namely Intimachay and the Mirador de Inkaraqay, meet instrument requirements for precision observations, but of different types. The latter structure, provided with two observation tubes, a unique case in Inca architecture, seems to have been designed for observations of the Pleiades and Venus at its maximum elongation, in the frame of a multiannual cycle. Intimachay, on the other hand, was used for observations of the cycles of the Sun and the Moon.
The Welfare State as an Independent Variable: Debates, Pitfalls, Potentials
Authors: Kunißen Katharina
Published: November 2022

This chapter examines the first main research question: how comparable are the results that emerge from different approaches to operationalising the welfare state as an independent variable? This raises several critical issues. In addition to discussing these issues in more detail, this chapter also explores the implications for research findings, their comparability and transparency. As the conceptual and empirical investigation shows, there is a need for more standardisation and conceptual work in order to more reliably include the welfare state as an independent variable in multilevel analyses.
Welfare Stateness as an Explanatory Variable: Empirical Illustration
Authors: Kunißen Katharina
Published: November 2022

While the previous chapters explored ways to conceptualise the welfare state as an independent variable, the following part will deal with the practical applications of the proposed framework. For this purpose, poverty risk and attitudes towards the welfare state serve as exemplary dependent variables.
Towards Solving the Independent Variable Problem
Authors: Kunißen Katharina
Published: November 2022

How comparable are the results that emerge from different approaches to operationalising the welfare state as an independent variable and how can we derive a more standardised, transparent and comparable approach to operationalising the welfare state as an independent variable? This concluding chapter summarises the main findings and answers to these questions, but also addresses aspects that are still unanswered and should spark further critical debates and future research on the matter.
To the cusp and back: resurgent analysis for modular graph functions
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Kleinschmidt Axel , Treilis Rudolfs
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Modular graph functions arise in the calculation of the low-energy expansion of closed-string scattering amplitudes. For toroidal world-sheets, they are SL(2, ℤ)-invariant functions of the torus complex structure that have to be integrated over the moduli space of inequivalent tori. We use methods from resurgent analysis to construct the non-perturbative corrections arising for two-loop modular graph functions when the argument of the function approaches the cusp on this moduli space. SL(2, ℤ)-invariance will in turn strongly constrain the behaviour of the non-perturbative sector when expanded at the origin of the moduli space.
The asymptotic Weak Gravity Conjecture for open strings
Authors: Cota Cesar Fierro , Mininno Alessandro , Weigand Timo , Wiesner Max
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We investigate the asymptotic Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture in weak coupling limits of open string theories with minimal supersymmetry in four dimensions, focusing for definiteness on gauge theories realized on 7-branes in F-theory. Contrary to expectations, we find that not all weak coupling limits contain an obvious candidate for a tower of states marginally satisfying the super-extremality bound. The weak coupling limits are classified geometrically in the framework of EFT string limits and their generalizations. We find three different classes of weak coupling limits, whose physics is characterized by the ratio of the magnetic weak gravity scale and the species scale. The four-dimensional Tower Weak Gravity Conjecture is satisfied by the (non-BPS) excitations of the weakly coupled EFT string only in emergent string limits, where the EFT string can be identified with a critical (heterotic) string. All other weak coupling limits lead to a decompactification either to an in general strongly coupled gauge theory coupled to gravity or to a defect gauge theory decoupling from the gravitational bulk, in agreement with the absence of an obvious candidate for a marginally super-extremal tower of states.
Corrections to AdS5 black hole thermodynamics from higher-derivative supergravity
Authors: Cassani Davide , Ruipérez Alejandro , Turetta Enrico
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We study four-derivative corrections to five-dimensional minimal gauged supergravity. We evaluate the on-shell action of the AdS5 black hole solution with two independent angular momenta and one electric charge at linear order in the corrections. After imposing supersymmetry, we are able to recast the action in terms of the supersymmetric chemical potentials and match the result obtained from the dual superconformal index on the second sheet. To achieve this, we exploit the freedom to implement field redefinitions to recast the action in a much simpler form, as well as the fact that the two-derivative solution is enough. We use the on-shell action to determine the corrections to the black hole thermodynamics, including those to the entropy and the charges. We then specialize to the supersymmetric and extremal case and find a simple expression for the microcanonical entropy. In particular, for the case with one independent angular momentum the corrections are entirely encoded in the dual superconformal anomaly coefficients. We corroborate this result for the entropy by constructing the corrected near-horizon solution and applying Wald’s formula.
The bulk Hilbert space of double scaled SYK
Authors: Lin Henry W.
Published: November 2022

Abstract

The emergence of the bulk Hilbert space is a mysterious concept in holography. In [1], the SYK model was solved in the double scaling limit by summing chord diagrams. Here, we explicitly construct the bulk Hilbert space of double scaled SYK by slicing open these chord diagrams; this Hilbert space resembles that of a lattice field theory where the length of the lattice is dynamical and determined by the chord number. Under a calculable bulk-to-boundary map, states of fixed chord number map to particular entangled 2-sided states with a corresponding size. This bulk reconstruction is well-defined even when quantum gravity effects are important. Acting on the double scaled Hilbert space is a Type II1 algebra of observables, which includes the Hamiltonian and matter operators. In the appropriate quantum Schwarzian limit, we also identify the JT gravitational algebra including the physical SL(2, ℝ) symmetry generators, and obtain explicit representations of the algebra using chord diagram techniques.
On isotropic and numerical equivalence of cycles
Authors: Vishik Alexander
Published: November 2022

We study the conjecture claiming that, over a flexible field, isotropic Chow groups coincide with numerical Chow groups (with $$\mathbb {F}_p$$

F
p

-coefficients). This conjecture is essential for understanding the structure of the isotropic motivic category and that of the tensor triangulated spectrum of Voevodsky category of motives. We prove the conjecture for the new range of cases. In particular, we show that, for a given variety X, it holds for sufficiently large primes p. We also prove the p-adic analogue. This permits to interpret integral numerically trivial classes in $${\text {CH}}(X)$$

CH
(
X
)

as $$p^{\infty }$$

p
∞

-anisotropic ones.
Representations of the Yangians Associated with Lie Superalgebras $$\mathfrak {osp}(1|2n)$$
Authors: Molev A. I.
Published: November 2022

We give a complete description of the finite-dimensional irreducible representations of the Yangians associated with the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras $$\mathfrak {osp}_{1|2n}$$

osp

1
|
2
n

. The representations are classified in terms of their highest weights and are parameterized by n-tuples of monic polynomials in one variable. The arguments rely on explicit constructions of a family of elementary modules of the Yangian for $$\mathfrak {osp}_{1|2}$$

osp

1
|
2

. We show that a wide class of irreducible representations of this Yangian can be produced by taking tensor products of the elementary modules.
Predicting pathological highly invasive lung cancer from preoperative [18F]FDG PET/CT with multiple machine learning models
Authors: Onozato Yuki , Iwata Takekazu , Uematsu Yasufumi , Shimizu Daiki , Yamamoto Takayoshi , Matsui Yukiko , Ogawa Kazuyuki , Kuyama Junpei , Sakairi Yuichi , Kawakami Eiryo , Iizasa Toshihiko , Yoshino Ichiro
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The efficacy of sublobar resection of primary lung cancer have been proven in recent years. However, sublobar resection for highly invasive lung cancer increases local recurrence. We developed and validated multiple machine learning models predicting pathological invasiveness of lung cancer based on preoperative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) radiomic features.

Methods

Overall, 873 patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy for primary lung cancer were enrolled. Radiomics features were extracted from preoperative PET/CT images with the PyRadiomics package. Seven machine learning models and an ensemble of all models (ENS) were evaluated after 100 iterations. In addition, the probability of highly invasive lung cancer was calculated in a nested cross-validation to assess the calibration plot and clinical usefulness and to compare to consolidation tumour ratio (CTR) on CT images, one of the generally used diagnostic criteria.

Results

In the training set, when PET and CT features were combined, all models achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of ≥ 0.880. In the test set, ENS showed the highest mean AUC of 0.880 and smallest standard deviation of 0.0165, and when the cutoff was 0.5, accuracy of 0.804, F1 of 0.851, precision of 0.821, and recall of 0.885. In the nested cross-validation, the AUC of 0.882 (95% CI: 0.860–0.905) showed a high discriminative ability, and the calibration plot indicated consistency with a Brier score of 0.131. A decision curve analysis showed that the ENS was valid with a threshold probability ranging from 3 to 98%. Accuracy showed an improvement of more than 8% over the CTR.

Conclusion

The machine learning model based on preoperative [18F]FDG PET/CT images was able to predict pathological highly invasive lung cancer with high discriminative ability and stability. The calibration plot showed good consistency, suggesting its usefulness in quantitative risk assessment.
Patch choice decisions by a fission–fusion forager as a test of the ecological constraints model
Authors: Villioth Jakob , Zuberbühler Klaus , Newton-Fisher Nicholas E.
Published: November 2022

Chapman et al.’s (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59–70, 1995) ecological constraints model posits that the size and distribution of food patches place restrictions upon foraging group size. Larger groups incur increased travel costs for any given array of patches, and thus, to fulfil individual energetic and nutritional requirements, foragers should adjust group sizes to balance energy obtained against that spent on travelling. Support for this model comes from both comparative and species-specific studies but findings are contradictory, and the utility of the model has been questioned. This study provides a rigorous test, analysing measurements from distinct food patches and individual inter-patch movements, on an appropriately shorter temporal scale. Using data drawn from two social groups of a species characterised by a high degree of fission–fusion dynamics, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), we show that larger parties foraged in larger food patches and for longer durations, and that larger parties were associated with further travel between patches. Overt contest competition over food increased with party size. We found no evidence of distinct sex differences in either party size or travel distances: the predictive power of forager sex was low compared to that of ecological variables. We propose that analysis at the patch level is more appropriate than a daily averaging approach that may smooth out the very variation being investigated. Our findings suggest that, despite certain limitations, Chapman et al.’s (Behav Ecol Sociobiol 36:59–70, 1995) model of ecological constraints remains a useful tool. Ecology does indeed constrain grouping patterns, and the impact of this is not necessarily differentiated by sex.

Significance statement

Foraging animals face the ‘more mouths to feed’ problem: as the numbers in a group increase, the group must travel further to find enough food, using up energy. Hence, foragers should adjust numbers to minimise these costs, but tests of this idea have proved inconclusive. We investigated the foraging behaviour of chimpanzees, a species with highly flexible grouping, considering their travel between specific patches of food. We found clear support for this proposition, with larger patches of food hosting larger numbers of foragers, and such groups having to travel further to find food. Although it is often thought that female animals should respond more strongly to foraging costs, we found little evidence of sex differences. Our results show that ecology does indeed constrain grouping patterns, and that the impact is felt equally by males and females.
Demographics and gender-related measures in younger and older adolescents presenting to a gender service
Authors: Arnoldussen Marijn , de Rooy Frédérique B. B. , de Vries Annelou L. C. , van der Miesen Anna I. R. , Popma Arne , Steensma Thomas D.
Published: November 2022

Transgender adolescents may present to gender identity specialty services earlier or later in adolescence. The aim of this study was to examine whether, ‘younger’ and ‘older’ presenters could be identified in a large cohort of transgender adolescents and if differences exist between the two groups. The study sample consisted of 1487 adolescents (506 birth-assigned males, 981 birth-assigned females) referred between 2000 and 2018. The distribution of age at intake was evaluated. Demographic, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics, the Recalled Childhood Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire (RCGI) to measure childhood gender nonconformity and the Body Image Scale (BIS) to measure body image were collected. Based on a stem-and-leaf plot and a histogram, two groups were identified: adolescents presenting at ≤ 13.9 years (‘younger presenters’) and adolescents presenting at 14 years or older (‘older presenters’). The sex ratio was more extreme in the group of older presenters favoring birth-assigned females (Χ2(1, N = 1487) = 19.69, p < 0.001). Furthermore, more adolescents from the younger presenting group lived with both biological parents (Χ2(1, N = 1427) = 24.78, p < 0.001), were diagnosed with gender dysphoria and started with medical gender-affirming treatment (Χ2(1, N = 1404) = 4.60, p = 0.032 and Χ2(1, N = 1487) = 29.16, p < 0.001). Younger presenters showed more gender nonconformity in childhood (β 0.315, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.224–0.407). Older presenters were more dissatisfied with various aspects of their bodies (p < 0.001). The differences between older and younger presenting adolescents suggest that there may be different developmental pathways in adolescents that lead to seeking gender-affirming medical care and argues for more tailored care.
Successful treatment of ceftazidime/avibactam combined with aztreonam in the NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream and intestinal infections in a NK/T lymphoma patient with agranulocytosis during autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a case report
Authors: Liu Shiyi , Lin Qingqing , Ouyang Lizhi , Zhou Chengjie , Wang Huajun
Published: November 2022

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is increasingly reported worldwide. Clinicians face significant challenges in the treatment of this multidrug-resistant bacterium. The combination of ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and aztreonam (ATM) is currently probably the most effective strategy for the treatment of such infection. We described a patient diagnosed with NK/T cell lymphoma who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in the hematology department. The patient developed severe infection after ASCT. Blood and stool cultures showed carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Blood sample was detected as NDM-producing K. pneumoniae. We successfully treated this infection with CAZ/AVI and ATM.
Contrasting reef patterns during the evolution of the carboniferous azrou-khenifra basin (Moroccan Meseta)
Authors: Cózar Pedro , Somerville Ian D. , Rodríguez Sergio , Houicha Mohamed El , Vachard Daniel , García-Frank Alejandra , Coronado Ismael , Izart Alain , Said Ismael
Published: November 2022

Five types of reefs are described from the northern and southern parts of the Azrou-Khenifra Basin generated by the interactions of microbes and coral communities. The type 1 microbial reefs grew in both shallow- and deep-water settings, with a strong control by glacioeustasy. Type 2 microbial reefs developed in more tranquil periods, associated with common intermounds, and where only a single major regressive-transgressive sequence is recognised. Type 3 microbial reefs developed in constant deeper water conditions, generated by higher rates of subsidence in the basin, and creating an overall deepening-upward sequence. Type 4 microbial reefs recognised in the northern part of the basin have no clear counterparts in southern outcrops, but they are likely the capping strata observed in the latter area. Rugose corals allow to define a Type 5 reef, unrelated to microbial facies, and are recorded in oolitic-bioclastic backshoals or quiet inner platform settings. The presence of similar reefs in both the northern and southern parts of the basin demonstrates that conditions were not as different as previously proposed, and a lithostratigraphical, environmental uniformity occurs, which permits the analysis of different subsidence rates and glacioeustastic influence. In the Azrou-Khenifra Basin, the reefs, as well as other regional features, suggest that the basin, overall, evolved from an extensional tectonic regime during the early Brigantian into a complex extensional or compressional regime during the early Serpukhovian, passing into a predominantly compressional phase during the late Serpukhovian in a polyphase tectonic inversion during the onset of the Variscan Orogeny in the region.
Ground-covers affect the activity density of ground-dwelling predators and their impact on the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
Authors: Cruz-Miralles J. , Guzzo M. , Ibáñez-Gual M. V. , Dembilio Ó. , Jaques J. A.
Published: November 2022

Three developmental stages of the Mediterranean fruit fly,Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), can be found in the soil (late third instar larvae, pupae, and teneral adults). These stages are susceptible to predation by generalist ground-dwelling predators. Our objectives have been to investigate the association between ground cover management (bare soil, a seeded cover ofFestuca arundinaceaand a mulch of straw), the emergence success ofC. capitata, and the activity density of the most important groups of ground-dwelling predators (spiders, beetles, ants and earwigs). As expected,C. capitataemergence was lower in a seeded cover ofFestuca arundinacea(FA) and a mulch of straw (M) (10.2%) relative to bare soil (BS) (13.2%). This was related to higher diversity and activity density of ground-dwelling predators in FA and M compared to BS. The contribution of the ground-dwelling predators considered in this study to this reduction highlights the key role of beetles, earwigs and, to a lesser extent, ants, while the contribution of the most abundant group of ground-dwelling predators, spiders, remains unclear. Ground covers appear as a strong and sustainable conservation biological control method that should be taken into consideration for the management ofC. capitatapopulations.
Mini Safe Havens for population recovery and reintroductions ‘beyond-the-fence’
Authors: Smith Kiarrah J. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Gordon Iain J. , Pierson Jennifer C. , Stratford Simon , Manning Adrian D.
Published: November 2022

In response to the ongoing decline of fauna worldwide, there has been growing interest in the rewilding of whole ecosystems outside of fenced sanctuaries or offshore islands. This interest will inevitably result in attempts to restore species where eliminating threats from predators and competitors is extremely challenging or impossible, or reintroductions of predators that will increase predation risk for extant prey (i.e., coexistence conservation). We propose ‘Mini Safe Havens’ (MSHs) as a potential tool for managing these threats. Mini Safe Havens are refuges that are permanently permeable to the focal species; allowing the emigration of individuals while maintaining gene flow through the boundary. Crucial to the effectiveness of the approach is the ongoing maintenance and monitoring required to preserve a low-to-zero risk of key threats within the MSH; facilitating in-situ learning and adaptation by focal species to these threats, at a rate and intensity of exposure determined by the animals themselves. We trialled the MSH approach for a pilot reintroduction of the Australian native New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae), in the context of a trophic rewilding project to address potential naïveté to a reintroduced native mammalian predator. We found that mice released into a MSH maintained their weight and continued to use the release site beyond 17 months (525 days) post-release. In contrast, individuals in temporary soft-release enclosures tended to lose weight and became undetectable approximately 1-month post-release. We discuss the broad applicability of MSHs for population recovery and reintroductions ‘beyond-the-fence’ and recommend avenues for further refinement of the approach.
A Novel Approach for Deriving the Stable Boundary Layer Height and Eddy Viscosity Profiles from the Ekman Equations
Authors: Basu Sukanta , Holtslag Albert A. M.
Published: November 2022

In this study, we utilize a novel approach to solve the Ekman equations for eddy-viscosity profiles in the stable boundary-layer. By doing so, a well-known expression for the stable boundary-layer height by Zilitinkevich (Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 1972, Vol. 3, 141–145) is rediscovered.
Migraine Type-Dependent Patterns of Brain Activation After Facial and Intranasal Trigeminal Stimulation
Authors: Haehner Antje , Gossrau Gudrun , Bock Franziska , Hummel Thomas , Iannilli Emilia
Published: November 2022

In migraine, the trigeminal nerve is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. We hypothesized that alterations in the sensory trigeminal activation in migraine would be reflected by EEG-derived event-related potentials (ERP). We aimed to investigate differences in the temporal and spatial processing of trigeminal stimuli between interictal migraine patients and healthy subjects. ERP to trigeminal stimuli were recorded at 128-channels to allow localization of their cortical sources with high temporal resolution. Seventeen patients with episodic migraine without aura, 17 subjects with episodic migraine with aura, and 17 healthy subjects participated in the study. The first branch of the trigeminal nerve was stimulated using intranasal chemical (CO2), cutaneous electrical, and cutaneous mechanical (air puff) stimuli. Analyses were performed with regard to micro-state segmentation, ERP source localization, and correlation with the patients’ clinical characteristics. Topographical assessments of EEG configurations were associated with the pathological condition. The source analysis revealed altered trigeminal-sensory response patterns in the precuneus, temporal pole, and cerebellum for both migraine groups during the interictal phase. The estimated current source density was positively correlated with migraine disease duration, indicating brain functional and structural changes as a consequence of the disease. Hyperactivity of the cerebellar posterior lobe was observed as a specific trigeminal response of migraine patients with aura. In conclusion, our results suggest the presence of brain changes accompanying the advancement of migraine as an expression of dysfunctional central pain processing. Hence, we identified EEG patterns in response to mechano-/chemosensory stimuli that can serve as biomarkers of migraine.
The interplay between the guidance from the digital learning environment and the teacher in supporting folding back
Authors: Hähkiöniemi Markus , Francisco John , Lehtinen Antti , Nieminen Pasi , Pehkonen Salla
Published: November 2022

Previous studies have proposed that students’ mathematical understanding develops dynamically through the process known as folding back, in which learners revisit earlier forms of understanding and use them to build even deeper levels of mathematical understanding. Digital learning environments, where students can manipulate representations, are often used to enable students to notice properties, patterns, or rules. When working in such an environment, students usually receive support from the environment and the teacher. The interplay between these different sources of support is important according to previous studies. In this study, we examine this interplay in the case of folding back. The study aims to understand how the teacher, together with the learning environment, can support the process of folding back. We collected data from second, fourth, and sixth grade students as they worked in groups to develop a rule for balancing a balance beam in a digital learning environment designed to support folding back. One pre-service teacher guided each three-student group. Data were analyzed by identifying occasions for folding back and characterizing different ways in which the interplay between the teacher and the environment supported students’ folding back. We found different kinds of synergy between the two sources of support. The teachers followed up on and augmented the support from the environment, initiated supplementary folding back, and reinforced the support from the environment. We also found non-synergy between the two sources of support, when the teachers’ support was not aligned with support from the environment.
Unexpected VLF Bursty-Patches Above 5 kHz: A Review of Long-Duration VLF Series Observed at Kannuslehto, Northern Finland
Authors: Manninen J. , Kleimenova N. G. , Martinez-Calderon C. , Gromova L. I. , Turunen T.
Published: November 2022

Unexpected short patches of natural VLF emissions at f > 5 kHz have been observed at the ground station of Kannuslehto (KAN, L ~ 5.5) in Northern Finland. In contrast with usual VLF emissions (e.g., chorus, hiss, and quasiperiodic emissions) these high-frequency bursty-patches are observed at frequencies higher than half of the equatorial electron gyro-frequency of the L shell of KAN. Moreover, most of these waves reached frequencies above the local equatorial electron gyrofrequency at L = 5.5. Thus, they cannot be attributed to the classical theory of electron-cyclotron interaction. We present a review of VLF bursty-patches at KAN during winters 2011–2021. These emissions have rarely been observed as they are usually hidden by sferics originating from lightning discharges. Therefore, a special numeric filtering technique was used to reduce noise from sferics. VLF bursty-patches typically occur as sequences of short right-hand polarized bursts separated by a few minutes and lasting several hours. Here, we discuss the spectral structure of long-lasting bursty-patches (6 + hours) and the properties of individual patches. We established two categories: (1) “triggered-like” hiss-like bursts at f ~ 4–7 kHz with a very abrupt onset and detected under quiet geomagnetic conditions, and (2) “dash-like” emissions at f > 6 kHz that resemble narrowband hiss and observed under moderate activity. Even though VLF bursty-patches in winters 2011–2021 were observed under weak or slightly disturbed magnetic activity, their annual cyclical occurrence was similar to variations in solar activity. The nature of these VLF patches has not been established yet, but they appear to be generated at L shells lower than that of KAN. Their exact generation region and propagation behavior remain unknown, with further theoretical and experimental research being required.
Primary and secondary school students’ career aspirations and job automation-related risks
Authors: Sowa Stephen , Smith Julie , Manches Andrew
Published: November 2022

To explore the differential impact of job automation for different groups of primary and secondary school students, an analysis of variance was conducted using survey data on the occupational aspirations of British school students (aged 7–18) and probability statistics derived from a model of job automation. Results indicated that students aged 13 years old and above were more than twice as likely to express an occupational aspiration associated with a high risk of automation, along with a higher proportion of male students, lower socio-economic groups, and respondents knowing someone (particularly a parent) holding their desired occupation (P < .05).
Autistic-Delivered Peer Support: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Shea Lindsay L. , Wong Mi-Yeet , Song Wei , Kaplan Katy , Uppal Disha , Salzer Mark S.
Published: November 2022

Peer support has been an undeveloped pathway for filling the service gap and to generate employment opportunities for autistic individuals. Peer supports have been deployed widely in mental health and among veterans and understanding the utility of this service modality among autistic individuals illuminates opportunities for research, policy, and practice. This study examined characteristics of participants in an autistic-delivered peer support program and reports on use of and satisfaction with the program. Half of autistic participants had a co-occurring mental health diagnosis. Participants reported multiple areas of unmet needs and participant satisfaction with the program was high (90%). The findings of this study point toward autistic-delivered peer support as a promising avenue for future development.