bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional Electrical Stimulation for Physiotherapy Management of Neurological Conditions: An Evidence Based Study
Authors: Kanojiya Dhruva J. , Jagad Karishma
Published: September 2021

Functional Electrical Stimulation is the electrical stimulation of motor neurons such that muscle groups are stimulated to contract & create a moment about a joint. In recent years, FES is relatively used as a new therapeutic tool in rehabilitation program of different neurological conditions. Although FES has been used for long time for treating foot drop, there are many studies which supports the beneficiary effect to improve upper and lower extremity’s function, spasticity, subluxation, respiration, balance, gait training, activities of daily living, quality of life. Multiple databases were searched for relevant articles. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of FES in different neurological condition and to collect the existing literature dealing with FES in a single article to analyze the result & to finally reach the overall conclusion.

Keywords: FES, Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinsonism, etc.
Rectal Ameboma and Liver Abscesses: A Colorectal Cancer Simulator
Authors: Tovar Lina Paola , Gómez Jean Paul , Trejos Adriana Margarita
Published: September 2021

Entamoeba histolytica infection is common in developing countries such as Colombia. Its clinical presentation is variable and not very specific. Within this variety, ameboma is arare manifestation characterized by tumor growth secondary to the formation of granulation tissue in the colonic walls. This growth can be indistinguishable from a neoplasm, so a high index of clinical and endoscopic suspicion must be present to make an adequate diagnostic and therapeutic approach. We present the case of a patient with amebiasis, whose symptoms and imaging presentation were mistaken for colon carcinoma with liver metastases.
Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Sertraline Versus Amitriptyline in Depression Management in a Psychiatric Hospital in South Southern Nigeria.
Authors:   Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, P.M.B 1008, Benin City, Nigeria., Edefo J.W. , Udezi A.W. ,   University of Benin, Benin City, P.M.B 1154, Benin City, Nigeria.
Published: September 2021

Background: In Nigeria, cost effectiveness data is rare therefore, resources allocated to the management of patients with depression can hardly be said to be optimized. Objective: The study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of sertraline versus amitriptyline in the management of depression. Methods: It is a prospective study of patients suffering from depression and who are receiving treatment from Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Costs were collected with the aid of a data collection sheet, while clinical improvement in depression was assessed by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale- Depression (HADS-D) subscale instrument. Graph Pad Instat version 3.10 was used for inferential analysis. Markov Chain Monte Carlo model with sensitivity analysis of ± 50% on the effects of the antidepressants was used for pharmacoeconomic evaluation which was conducted from a third-party payers’ perspective with the real-world sample bootstrapped to 1000 respondents. Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (CER) was gotten, and Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICER) was calculated. Results: Females accounted for 60.8 % (84) of the total sample. First scenario of sensitivity analysis of sertraline 50mg versus amitriptyline 50mg gave ICER of NGN10847 which means sertraline will be more cost effective if the cost of making one depression free person in a month is worth more than NGN10847 (USD 27.12) and this amount is enough to treat 10 persons on amitriptyline. The second scenario of the sensitivity analysis gave ICER of -NGN16346 (-USD40.87) meaning that sertraline is more expensive and less effective than amitriptyline. Conclusion: Sertraline is more effective but from a third payer perspective it is less cost effective than amitriptyline in depression management.
Prescription Pattern in the Eye Clinic of a Tertiary Health Facility in South-East Nigeria.
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria., Osahon P.T. , Chukwu C.I. ,   Eye Clinic Pharmacy, Pharmacy Department, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross River, Nigeria., Chukwu C.C. ,   Radiology Department, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria.
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Eye care is imperative and requires that ophthalmic prescriptions be generated properly. Evaluation of prescription pattern is an aspect of investigation of drug utilization which is an essential part of pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacovigilance. Objectives: To determine the prescription pattern in the eye clinic of a health facility using the WHO core prescribing indicators and document the disease pattern according to the prescriptions. Methods: The study was conducted at the Eye Clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Nigeria. Data were collected retrospectively from prescriptions (from January to December 2018) in the Pharmacy using the WHO core indicator form. Microsoft Excel® was used to organize and analyse collected data using descriptive analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the health research ethics committee of UCTH, Calabar. Result: A total of 1098 prescriptions were accessed over the 12-month study period, 48% (531) of which were for females and 83% (915) for adults. Average number of drugs per prescription was 1.8. The percentage of drugs by generic name was 38.8%, drugs prescribed from essential drug list was 28.7% and antibiotics prescribed was 31.3%. Glaucoma (23%), conjunctivitis (19%) and refractive error (17%) were the most prevalent eye diseases found. Conclusion: Prescription pattern in this study site conformed to only one of the five WHO drug use indicators. High antibiotics prescriptions were observed, and eye diseases associated with bacterial infections were most prevalent in this study. Drugs should be prescribed with generic names and the essential drugs lists should be expanded to accommodate more drugs for glaucoma.
Through the Looking-Glass at 150: Eight Retakes
Authors: Guiliano Edward , Zirker Angelika , Kincaid James R. , Hennelly Mark M. , Feng Zongxin , Susina Jan , Ramuz Colette , Orestano Francesca
Published: September 2021

This collection of eight different essays describes the thoughts and impressions from rereading Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There on the sesquicentennial of its publication. The responses offer new impressions and explore the novel from various perspectives, including language, ambiguities, chess, intertexuality, and humor. The consensus is that nothing in this tale is simple.
Langston Hughes Makes a Scene the Way a Jazz Musician Plays a Solo
Authors: Van Jordan A.
Published: September 2021

Langston Hughes's understanding of both associative language patterning and the development of scene within his poems shows a keen sense not only of his understanding of the African American iconography he drew from but also of his commitment to represent it on the page. It's not news that Hughes was a “race man,” but it's increasingly important to observe how he used racial referents in the crafting of his poems. Over time, Hughes's poems have been read less for their craft and more for their content, but this article delves into the craft of the poems, formally. Beyond that, being at turns a personal essay, it also speaks to the influence Hughes has had on the author, A. Van Jordan. The larger question of the essay is simply this: How does Hughes do it? Part of Hughes's gift as a poet is that he understands this experience and can move from the exterior world in his poems to the interiority of the figures in or the speakers of his poems. Being unburdened with the performance anxiety of thinking he needed to imitate a white writer, he set out to create his own aesthetic, even offering the first American poetic form, the blues stanza, and writing in a fully American idiom, the jazz idiom. If we examine this freedom, we can see his craft.
Langston Hughes—Our Poet Supreme
Authors: Salaam Kalamu Ya
Published: September 2021

In the article “Langston Hughes—Our Poet Supreme,” Kalamu ya Salaam combines the insight and perspective borne of struggle and study with the vibrancy of poetry and the flavor of the blues in his discussion of Langston Hughes's legacy. As suggested in his title, Salaam argues that Hughes is the foremost Black poet in American literary history. Salaam substantiates his claim by outlining Hughes's in-depth knowledge of Black people and Black culture, his abiding political commitment to freedom nationally and internationally, his contributions to letters as a translator, and, finally, his prolific publications.
”The Miraculous Rescue” – Dubno, September 27, 1939
Authors: Malinowski Dalibor
Published: September 2021

W pracy przedstawiono nieupubliczniane dotychczas okoliczności uwolnienia przez sowieckie władze Garnizonu Dubno grupy 20 polskich lekarzy wojskowych, w tym 3 zawodowych oficerów, którzy po napaści 17 września 1939 r. ZSRR na Polskę trafili do radzieckiej niewoli. Jednym z uwolnionych lekarzy był ppłk lek. Adolf Malinowski (1891–1962), kierownik naukowy Oddziału Psychiatrycznego Szpitala Szkolnego CWSan w Warszawie, zmobilizowany 1 września 1939 r. z przydziałem na stanowisko komendanta 91. Wysuniętego Szpitala Ewakuacyjnego w Brześciu n. Bugiem. Prezentację oparto na pisemnym sprawozdaniu tego oficera‑lekarza (prywatnie dziadka autora artykułu) z udziału w wojnie obronnej 1939 r., relacji jego żony Wacławy Malinowskiej z Tyszkiewiczów (1901–1976), pielęgniarki w tym szpitalu, oraz relacji Adolfa Władysława Malinowskiego (1926–1990), ojca autora, który jako 13‑latek przebywał w tym czasie z rodzicami. Opisano sprawczą rolę, jaką w tym epizodzie wojennym odegrała Wacława Malinowska. Autor (ur. 1956 r.), będący ostatnim żyjącym świadkiem relacji uczestników owego „cudownego ocalenia” 27 września 1939 r. w Dubnie, swoje zeznanie poparł oryginalnymi dokumentami z archiwum rodzinnego.
Third molar germs presence assessment in 10‑year‑old patients on orthopantomographic radiographs
Authors: Roszak Justyna , Ostrowski Hubert , Skalska Maja , Przybylski Rafał , Tuczyńska Agata
Published: September 2021

Trzecie zęby trzonowe to najbardziej zróżnicowane pod względem morfologii i rozmiaru zęby w ludzkim uzębieniu. Ich zawiązki powstają między 20. tygodniem życia płodowego a 5. rokiem życia, a do ich wyrznięcia dochodzi między 16. a 25. rokiem życia. Rozwój trzecich zębów trzonowych oceniany jest głównie na radiologicznych zdjęciach ortopantomograficznych, a pierwsze oznaki rozwoju tych zębów powinny być widoczne na zdjęciu przed ukończeniem 10. roku życia. Celem niniejszej pracy jest ocena obecności zawiązków trzecich zębów trzonowych u dzieci w wieku 10 lat, na podstawie radiologicznych zdjęć ortopantomograficznych. Przeanalizowane zdjęcia pantomograficzne 111 pacjentów Poradni Ortodontycznej Wojskowej Specjalistycznej wykazały obecność zawiązków trzecich zębów trzonowych u 87 pacjentów (78,38%). Wyniki badania wykazały, iż pacjenci Poradni Ortodontycznej Wojskowej Specjalistycznej Przychodni Lekarskiej w Poznaniu w wieku 10 lat mają stadium rozwoju zawiązków trzecich zębów trzonowych zbliżone do stadiów zgłaszanych w literaturze naukowej.
India's Third Gender and Visual Politics
Authors: Siva Sami
Published: September 2021

Despite the Government of India’s official recognition of “third gender” in 2014, the right to gender self-determination remains contested. Over one million transgender women in the country face discrimination and continue to live on the fringes of society. Discrimination and stigma force them to resort to prostitution, begging on city streets, and performing at village festivals. While transgender women are venerated during religious rituals and festivals, they are excluded from employment and higher education. This article outlines the cultural and social conditions facing the trans community in India, as well as the illiberal attitudes of society toward it, through the prism of visual analysis.
“fascismo de mercado” ao fascismo sem máscaras
Authors: Avelãs Nunes António José
Published: September 2021

Na década de 1970 esfumaram-se os chamados “trinta anos gloriosos” e eclipsou-se o ‘milagre’ da revolução keynesiana. Aproveitando o desnorte do ‘inimigo’, os neoliberais, comandados por Friedrich Hayek e Milton Friedman, passaram ao ataque, colocando no banco dos réus o estado keynesiano e as políticas keynesianas, culpados de todos os males do mundo.

Na sequência de uma operação relâmpago de propaganda ideológica sem paralelo (“uma experiência muito corruptora”, confessou Hayek), o “ideological monetarism” afirmou-se como a ideologia do império e do pensamento único. As experiências corruptoras como a de Hayek multiplicaram-se ao longo dos anos, alimentadas pelos mesmos actores, ao serviço dos mesmos interesses. E mantêm-se até hoje, com o recurso às técnicas mais sofisticadas de manipulação ideológica e de corrupção intelectual, que transformaram o neoliberalismo numa espécie de ‘religião’, para cuja “única fé verdadeira” se diz que não há alternativa (o famoso argumento TINA da Srª Tatcher: There Is No Alternative).

Desta neutralidade da política económica passou-se, quase sem solução de continuidade, à defesa da morte da política económica, porque esta seria desnecessária e prejudicial. É o regresso ao velho mito liberal da separação estado/economia e estado/sociedade: a economia seria tarefa exclusiva dos privados (da sociedade civil, da sociedade económica), cabendo ao estado simplesmente garantir a liberdade individual, que proporcionaria igualdade de oportunidades para todos.
Placer Deposits of Mongolia
Authors: JAMSRANDORJ G. , DIATCHKOV SERGUEI A.
Published: September 2021

Editor’s note: Smimov uses the weathering definition of eluvial, meaning “an accumulation of rock debris produced*in-place by decomposition or disintegration of rock; a residue.” Two other terms in Smimov’s classification are not in common usage in North America nor in North American placer classification schemes By Russian definition, diluvium is an accumulation of fragments on the surface of slopes close to the source rock, predominantly moved by gravity. In North America, proluvium is a “complex, friable deltaic sediment accumulated at the fool of a slope as a result of an occasional torrential washing of fragmental material” (Glossary of Geology, 1972, American Geological Institute, Washington, D.C.).
Lineaments Revisited
Authors: RICHARDS JEREMY P.
Published: September 2021

Large-scale crustal lineaments are recognized as corridors (up to 30 km wide) of aligned geological, structural, geomorphological, or geophysical features that are distinct from regional geological trends such as outcrop traces. They are commonly difficult to observe on the ground, the scale of the features and their interrelationships being too large to map except at a regional scale. They are therefore most easily identified from satellite imagery and geophysical (gravity, magnetic) maps.

Lineaments are believed to be the surface expressions of ancient, deep-crustal or trans-lithospheric structures, which periodically have been reactivated as planes of weakness during subsequent tectonic events. These planes of weakness, and in particular their intersections, may provide high-permeability channels for ascent of deeply derived magmas and fluids. Optimum conditions for magma penetration are provided when these structures are placed under tension or transtension.

In regions of subduction-related magmatism, porphyry copper and related deposits may be generated along these lineaments because the structures serve to focus the ascent of relatively evolved magmas and fluid distillates from deep-crustal magma reservoirs. However, lineament intersections can only focus such activity where a magma supply exists, and when lithospheric stress conditions permit. A comprehensive understanding of regional tectono-magmatic history is therefore required to interpret lineament maps in terms of their prospectivity for mineral exploration.
Role of Islamic economic and finance in renewable energy: some quotation from Quranic verses and Indonesia experiences
Authors: Iskandar Azwar , Usman Abur Hamdi , Shaharuddin Syarul Azman
Published: September 2021

This study aims to describe the role of Islamic economic and finance in renewable energy programs in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive research through library research and content analysis method. The results show that the role of Islamic economic and finance in renewable energy programs in Indonesia is realized in several forms. First, sharia financial sector can be one of the options for renewable energy investment financing instruments. Second, the utilization of renewable energy can be the supporter and spearhead of the halal industry. Third, in a religious social context, renewable energy financing can be done with the concept of ta‘āwun and jāriyah alms through crowd funding and waqf. In order to optimize the role of sharia economy and finance in renewable energy programs in Indonesia, several steps and activities that can be done include: (1) intensifying the campaign against the excellence of renewable energy; (2) providing easy access and renewable energy financing schemes; (3) conducting research and publication on renewable energy and potential collaboration with other industries in the halal value chain that can be perceived in Indonesia.
Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Pembelajaran dan Pemudahcaraan (PDPC) Berasaskan Teknologi di Sekolah
Authors: Mahat Hanifah , Anuar Nurul Adila , Hashim Mohmadisa , Nayan Nasir , Saleh Yazid
Published: September 2021

School-Based Assessment is one of the transformations in the education system. Changes in the field of education also involve various assessment methods, including the use of technology. This article will discuss the implementation of technology-based assessments in schools. The Ministry of Education Malaysia recommends using technology in education to ensure that its education moves in line with modernization. 21st Century Education (PAK-21) has been introduced to ensure the education system's quality can be improved. To serve this study's purpose, a survey method through the distribution of questionnaires was used in this study. The study population consisted of form one students in Mukim 12, Seberang Perai Utara, Penang. The study sample was 210 Form One students who were selected through simple random sampling. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, which involved descriptive analysis (number and percentage). According to the findings, teachers use less technology during the learning and facilitation processes. Findings show that teacher assessment methods are still conventional, contrary to the respondents' preference to use technology more often in the classroom. Teachers' unpreparedness towards using and applying technology in the classroom has resulted in the practice of PAK-21 not being successfully implemented.
Influence of Tax Knowledge and Tax Complexity on Compliance Behavior Among Sole-Proprietors
Authors: Yahya Nur Arina Inani , Shaharuddin Noor Suhaila , Abu Bakar Noor Raudhiah
Published: September 2021

Tax noncompliance is widely believed as a major concern for all tax administration in almost all countries. This issue calls for serious attention as the problem of noncompliance will cause losses of current income to the government. Studies on tax compliance have found that the compliance levels of sole proprietor are likely to be considerably low compared to other groups of taxpayers. Despite having the least compliance level, little is known about their taxpaying behaviour towards tax compliance. Various factors influencing tax compliance have been discussed in a previous study, but tax knowledge and tax complexity were the most important determinant among sole proprietors. Thus, this study aims to examine taxpayers' views on their level of tax knowledge and perceived complexity of the income tax system. The data was collected through Google Form that were distributed to sole proprietors who run the small business activities. The results revealed that tax knowledge and tax complexity are viewed as contributing factors towards non-compliance behaviour among sole proprietors. The finding of this study may be of interest to revenue bodies for addressing tax compliance issues. In ensuring the success of the revenue process, the collaboration between the tax authority and tax researchers is important to further understand the taxpayers’ compliance behaviour.
Isu pematuhan cukai merupakan kebimbangan utama bagi semua pentadbir cukai hampir semua negara. Isu ini memerlukan perhatian yang serius kerana masalah ketidakpatuhan cukai akan mengakibatkan kerugian pada pendapatan negara. Kajian ke atas pematuhan cukai mendapati bahawa tahap pematuhan cukai di kalangan pemilikan tunggal adalah lebih rendah berbanding dengan pembayar-pembayar cukai yang lain. Walaupun mereka sering dikatakan mempunyai tahap pematuhan cukai yang rendah, namun sedikit sahaja kajian dilakukan tentang sikap terhadap tingkahlaku pematuhan cukai. Pelbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi pematuhan cukai telah dibahas dalam kajian sebelumnya, tetapi pengetahuan dan kerumitan cukai adalah penentu yang paling penting di kalangan pemilikan tunggal. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pengetahuan cukai dan tahap kerumitan cukai terhadap ketidakpatuhan cukai. Data kajian dikumpulkan melalui Google Form yang diedarkan kepada pemilik tunggal yang menjalankan aktiviti perniagaan secara kecil-kecilan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengetahuan dan kerumitan cukai dilihat sebagai faktor penyumbang terhadap tingkah laku ketidakpatuhan di kalangan pemilik tunggal. Dapatan kajian ini diharap dapat membantu pihak berkuasa dalam menangani isu ketidapatuhan cukai. Walaubagaimanapun, bagi memastikan proses pemungutan cukai berjalan dengan baik, pihak berkuasa percukaian dan penyelidik perlu bekerjasama untuk lebih memahami isu-isu pematuhan cukai.
Performance of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) Varietiesunder Water Regimes and Nitrogen Rates
Authors:   The University of Zambia, Sakumona Mushekwa , Lungu Davies M ,   The University of Zambia, Munyinda Kalaluka ,   The University of Zambia
Published: September 2021

The high cost of supplying water and nitrogen is reducing the planted hectarage and restricting the production of spring wheat among wheat growers in Zambia. A field experiment was carried to determine the performance of twelve common spring wheat varieties when subjected to water regimes and nitrogen application rates at Nanga Irrigation Research Station in Mazabuka in 2011 winter season. The experiment was performed as a Split-split in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Water regimes (100%, 75% and 50% crop water requirements (CWR)) were considered as the main factor, nitrogen rates (80, 160 and 240 Kg N ha-1) as sub-factor and variety (Nduna, Shine, Sekuru, Sahai I, Loerie II, Pungwa, Choza, UNZA I, UNZA II, Mampolyo, Nseba and Coucal) as sub-sub factor. Grain yield, spike length, above ground biomass, plant height, thousand kernel weight,harvest index, spikelets per spike and number of grains per spike were measured. Results: Mampolyo, Nduna and Pungwa significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and highest grain yield of 6,473, 6,494 and 6,395 kg ha-1, respectively at 100% CWR and lowest nitrogen rate. At 50% CWR and optimum nitrogen rate, Loerie II (5,351kg ha-1) and Sahai I (6,086kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and highest yields. At 75% CWR and 160 kg N ha-1, Mampolyo (5,703kg ha-1) and Sekuru (5,325kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05) produced the same and the highest yields and 75% CWR and 80 kg N ha-1,Nseba (5,667kg ha-1), Shine (5,224kg ha-1) and Choza (5,559kg ha-1) significantly (p < 0.05)produced the same and highest grain yields. The optimum and low level of either water on nitrogen or vice versa and 80 kg N ha-1 with 75% CWR offers wide options for spring wheat variety choice for wheat production. Conclusion: It was concluded that farmers could select some varieties with high grain yields based on the input combination suiting their capacity and increase on planted hectarage and ultimately wheat production.
Impresiones y retos para la construcción de paz desde el Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano (cima): fragmento de entrevista con César William Díaz Morales, líder social del proceso campesino caucano
Authors: Arguello Edilberto Vergara
Published: September 2021

El siguiente fragmento hace parte de la entrevista con un líder social campesino del departamento del Cauca, y pretende exponer algunas reflexiones frente al Acuerdos de Paz, firmado entre el Estado Colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia FARC-EP. Se abordan temas sobre Derechos Humanos, retos y propuestas sobre construcción de paz desde la organización campesina, Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano CIMA, en el departamento del Cauca, Colombia, entre otros.

 

Perceptions and Challenges for Peace-building from the Perspective of the Integration Committee of the Colombian Massif (CIMA). Fragment of an Interview with a Social Leader of the Peasant Movement in Cauca (Colombia)

Abstract: The following fragment of an interview with a peasant social leader from the department of Cauca aims to present reflections on the process of implementation of the Peace Agreements signed between the Colombian State and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia FARC-EP (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia). Human Rights, challenges and proposals on peacebuilding are addressed from the perspective of the peasant organization Comité de Integración del Macizo Colombiano CIMA (Integration Committee of the Colombian Massif) in the department of Cauca, Colombia.

Keywords: Peace Agreements, Humans Rights, peacebuilding, peasants.
Empresas y entornos sociales
Authors: Duarte Carlos
Published: September 2021

Las empresas son quizás una de las más extendidas formas de organización social de la actualidad. Como bien sabemos, estas responden a una particular manera de formalizar la contradicción  clásica entre capital y trabajo, respondiendo a diversas necesidades del mercado o de una comunidad. Estas, además de responder a una función económica, están formadas por personas y para personas, lo que significa que se encuentran circunscritas a los contextos sociales que las originan. A pesar de su importancia, nuestra capacidad para pensar las empresas parece más bien limitada. Por una parte, los debates parecen remitirse a reflexiones apologéticas y narrativas institucionales, que en el mejor de los casos desembocan en los modernos discursos de sostenibilidad empresarial. Por otra parte, los ejercicios analíticos realizados desde las ciencias sociales caen fácilmente en posiciones binarias que tienden a estigmatizar de facto el rol empresarial en cualquier contexto en el que se mencione. Por lo anterior, la presente convocatoria de la edición 212 de la Revista Controversia invitó a reflexionar en torno a los diferentes modelos empresariales que conviven, compiten, dinamizan y entran en conflicto con diversos sectores de la sociedad colombiana, especialmente los de su entorno. En términos generales, se buscó comprender los vínculos y las tensiones entre el sector privado empresarial y las diversas comunidades, especialmente rurales.
Localización y movimiento: estrategias de territorialización de la identidad afrodescendiente en Medellín
Authors: Restrepo Rodriguez Ana María
Published: September 2021

La reivindicación de la identidad afrodescendiente en la ciudad de Medellín ha sido, y sigue siendo, un largo proceso de disputa por la ciudad. Desde las décadas de los setenta y ochenta la percepción de una comunidad afrodescendiente, y por lo tanto de su diferencia, obligó a conformar lugares de socialización desde los que se empezaron a dar procesos de identificación y autorreconocimiento. En la década de los noventa y en años recientes, otras estrategias han hecho evidente la presencia y la disputa por el reconocimiento y el derecho a pertenecer: la movilización social y la fiesta irrumpen en el espacio público, activan campos de poder cultural e interpelan a los otros para reivindicar la diferencia, otras memorias de la ciudad y del ser medellinense.

Abstract: The identity claims for the afro-descendant people in the city of Medellin has been, and it is still so, a long process of dispute for the city. Since the decades of the seventies and eighties the perception of an afrodescendant community, and therefore of its difference, forced to shape places for socialization. In these places the process of identification and self-recognition began. In the decade of the nineties, and in recent years, other strategies have made evident the presence of afro-descendant communities and its dispute for recognition and for the right to belong: social mobilization and celebration burst in the public space, activating fields of cultural power, claiming the difference to the-others, anothers memory of the city and about being a medellinense.

Keywords: territory, territoriality, territorialization, afro-descendant identity, cities, social mobilization, memory, Medellín.
El tejido y la sororidad y su aporte a la construcción de memoria. El caso de las Tejedoras por la Memoria de Sonsón
Authors: Sossa Londoño Ana María , Vergara Arias Marcela María
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo expone los resultados de una investigación adelantada con mujeres organizadas en torno a la construcción de memoria como forma de superación del conflicto armado en Colombia. Dichas experiencias muestran cómo, desde la cotidianidad, es posible generar procesos de construcción de tejido social, sororidad y empoderamiento que posibiliten la recuperación misma de la memoria, el aporte a la paz y otra forma de construir sociedad como alternativa a la violencia armada que por muchos años afectó la vida de las mujeres en nuestro país. Así mismo, el artículo da cuenta de las vivencias de las mujeres en el municipio de Sonsón (Antioquia) que, organizadas y movilizadas a través del Costurero Tejedoras por la Memoria de Sonsón, han hecho de este espacio un referente para la construcción de la paz y el empoderamiento, en un proceso de reconciliación social.

Abstract: This article shows the results of an investigation carried out with women organizedaround the construction of memory as a way to overcome the armed conflict in Colombia. These experiences show how, from the daily life of women, is possible to generate processes of social fabric construction, sorority and empowerment that makes possible the recovery of memory, the contribution to peace and another way of building society, as an alternative to the armed violence that for many years affected the lives of women in our country. It gives anaccount of the experiences of women in the municipality of Sonsón (Antioquia) that, organized and mobilized through the Costurero Tejedoras por la Memoria of Sonsón, have made of the Costurero, a reference for the construction of peace and empowerment leading to processes of social reconciliation. This research is within the framework of the degree work carried out by Ana María Sossa Londoño and directed by Marcela Vergara Arias in the Master’s Degree in Development at the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana in Medellín.

Keywords: sorority, memory, knitting, community networks, women.
Reseña: Cuando la copa se rebosa
Authors: Prada Mantilla Esmeralda
Published: September 2021

Escrito en cinco capítulos temáticos, este libro refleja las dimensiones del conflicto social colombiano en casi medio siglo de acciones colectivas, protagonizadas por diversos actores sociales que dejan su testimonio, a través de los episodios de protesta, de la tenacidad de sus luchas y la perseverancia de sus demandas, casi todas ante un Estado que, como sugiere Mauricio Archila, ha mostrado cierto letargo en la solución de problemas sociales de larga duración. El análisis de los cuarenta años de luchas sociales en Colombia ha sido cimentado, en buena parte, con la tenaz tarea de crear y re-crear la Base de Datos de Luchas Sociales que, como bien señala Martha Cecilia García, es única en el país y singular en Latinoamérica.
Narrativas territoriales Embera entre el Alto San Juan y Magdalena Medio
Authors: Díaz Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

el artículo aborda cómo se percibe, interpreta y experimenta el destierro y el desarraigo derivado del conflicto armado, en dos comunidades Embera asentadas en el municipio de Puerto Boyacá, mediante un enfoque narrativo y territorial. En él se describen las principales características socio-políticas del pueblo Embera y la crisis humanitaria, mediante un enfoque cualitativo que se nutre de las historias de vida sobre el destierro y el desarraigo en la cuenca alta del río San Juan. Así mismo, revela los sentidos, tensiones y relaciones de poder que desarrollan las comunidades Embera en Puerto Boyacá, mediante una perspectiva cualitativa donde presenta un conjunto de continuidades y rupturas que revelan cómo opera la territorialidad Embera en escenarios de violencia y marginalización. Finalmente, ofrece herramientas teórico-metodológicas para analizar el destierro y el desarraigo como parte de procesos de territorialización que contienen prácticas y discursos asociados a la producción social de territorios y narrativas.

Abstract: the article addresses how the banishment and uprooting derived from the armed conflict over two Embera communities settled in the municipality of Puerto Boyacá is perceived, interpreted and experienced through a narrative and territorial approach. The document describes the main socio-political characteristics of the Embera people and the humanitarian crisis through a qualitative approach that draws on life stories about the banishment and uprooting of the Upper San Juan river basin. The article reveals the senses, tensions and power relations that the Embera communities develop in Puerto Boyacá, through a qualitative perspective that presents a set of continuities, and ruptures that reveal how or Embera territoriality operates in scenarios of violence and marginalization. Finally, the article offers theoretical-methodological tools to analyze exile and uprooting as part of territorialization processes that involve practices and discourses associated with the social production of territories and narratives.

Keywords: Embera, banishment, uprooting, territorialization, territorial narrative, human territoriality.
Aircraft operators maintenance decisions supporting method
Authors: Gill Adrian , Szrama Sławomir
Published: September 2021

A key element of exploitation processes constitutes maintenance operations and tasks. While being conducted in the proper way, they have a crucial effect on achieving the assumed by aircraft designer and operator goals. Properly conducted maintenance operations allow to meet all the technical objects readiness requirements as well as to achieve desired acceptable risk level. Maintenance system effectiveness might be generally a crucial task for company or entity responsible for the maintenance. In this context, particularly relevant become technical object maintenance procedures and tasks developed by their manufacturers. Experience of the article authors quite early shows the need of the mainte-nance programmes modification. Aircraft manufacturers usually are not so eager to develop and implement mainte-nance programme modifications. Presented situation is very much the case in aviation transport. This was the reason why authors of this article decided to prepare and develop this elaboration which might constitute the assistance and supports complex technical objects users in maintenance decision.
The main purpose of this article is to present maintenance decisions’ supporting method for the aircraft operators. This article provides guidelines which include a description of risk in the context of aviation maintenance and introduction of some methodologies, tools and criteria that support identification, analysis and evaluation of risk. Authors included idea, how the aircraft preventive maintenance could be used to mitigate aircraft failure risk during flight operations. It also shows how to adopt and develop effective maintenance program using tools for adequate risk analysis, optimal interval assignments, and selection of the most effective maintenance task. Authors presented methodology and de-scribed steps of the logic diagram analysis for the aircraft systems and their components, in order to manage and adopt aircraft maintenance program to fulfil aircraft airworthiness requirements and operational availability. The whole methodology was described on the basis of the F 16 aircraft maintenance system and with reference to the maintenance data. This article might also constitute an introduction to the aircraft maintenance programme development method.
Perception of cycling risks and needs associated with skill level, gender, and age
Authors: Alhomaidat Fadi , Eljufout Tamer
Published: September 2021

Over the last decade, there has been a growing number of individuals using cycling for transport. However, a fraction of workers in the United States of America (USA) are riding bicycles for commuting due to different risk and need factors. Cycling still has serious obstacles to be utilized as alternative transportation. Therefore, there is a need to have a better understanding of the perceived risk/need factors among cyclists. This survey study clarifies the awareness among cyclists of different categories of Risk/Need Factors (RNF) and it contributes to a better understanding of the differences in perceived risks/needs within age groups, genders, and skill levels. An online survey was conducted that included three main categories of Risk/Need Factors (RNF) related to cycling: infrastructure-related, traffic-related, and facility-related. Mean Score Analysis and Ordered Probit Model were used to examine the differences in risk/need perception among cyclists of different ages, genders, and skill levels. According to the study outcomes, older cyclists are influenced more than young cyclists with the infrastructure-related RNF’s. Moreover, gender was not statistically significant when related to perceived RNF. Also, it was found that there are significant differences in the RNF’s among cyclists’ skill levels, infrastructure-related, and facility-related. The study findings emphasize the importance of improv-ing cyclists’ safety and promoting cycling for transportation. Meanwhile, beginner-skilled cyclists are more likely to be influenced by infrastructure-related RNF when compared to other skill levels. The findings of this study give clarifica-tions for potential issues that contribute to a better understanding of the differences in perceived risks/needs among age groups, genders, and skill levels. This reflects among the efforts to promote cycling safety and support cycling for transportation. Therefore, policymakers and city planners should consider the differences in RNF’s in developing cycling infrastructures and traffic management. This allows the urban street system to operate more efficiently, safely, and reliably for all users. Which will enhance the safety awareness of cyclists, reduce the risk factors in the long run, and play a leading role in increasing the number of cyclists.
On the legitimacy of restoring the institution of an annuity right in rem on real estate
Authors: Zaradkiewicz Kamil
Published: September 2021

The article presents the basic solutions to be applied in the so-called annuity real rights. These are limited real rights (iura in rem), which permit obtaining certain revenues from real property on a regular basis. Their essential purpose is to secure specified periodical benefits, primarily those of a pecuniary nature. These rights show some similarities, on the one hand, to pledge-type rights (especially mortgage) and, on the other hand, to easements. Currently, no annuity real charges of any kind have been regulated under the Polish civil law (since the entry of the Civil Code into force in 1965), as they were perceived, albeit incorrectly, as a reminiscence of the epoch of feudalism. However, they are still popular in other European civil law legislations, for example in the German, Swiss, Austrian, Spanish, Czech, Estonian, Slovenian or Croatian laws. The prototype for this category of rights is the real burden (German: Reallast). This paper presents various solutions for the latter institution as well as related institutions, such as the Swiss “annuity letter” (German: Gült, French: lettre de rente) and the German annuity land charge (German: Rentengrundschuld). Different concepts for the legal nature of the annuity rights have been presented, in particular the German real burden, which formed the basis for proposals of solutions in the work of the Polish Civil Law Codification Committee at the beginning of the 21st century. The potential usefulness of the real burden rights indicated in this article confirms the legitimacy of introducing this type of legal institution into the Polish law.
The issue of claims for compensation under Article 18(1) of the Act of 21 June 2001 on the Protection of Tenants’ Rights, Commune Housing Resources and Amendments to the Civil Code
Authors: Wolak Grzegorz
Published: September 2021

The paper briefly outlines some selected issues regarding claims for compensation against a person occupying residential premises without a legal title under Article 18(1) of the Act of 21 June 2001 on the Protection of Tenants’ Rights, Commune Housing Resources and Amendments to the Civil Code. The nature of the compensation and the obligation to pay the same, the nature of liability for damage on the part of the person occupying residential premises without a legal title as well the right of action to pursue claims under Article 18(1) of the above-mentioned Act have been discussed.
Commentary to the judgment of the Voivodship Administrative Court (WSA) in Warsaw of 10 March 2020, I SA/Wa 1930/19, LEX no. 3043478. The concept of “Property left beyond the borders of the Republic of Poland”
Authors: Korzeniewska - Lasota Anna
Published: September 2021

In the Act of 8 July 2005 on the Exercise of the Right to Compensation for Real Property Left Beyond the Present Borders of the Republic of Poland, there is no clear definition of the date that should be taken into account for the purpose of determining whether one meets the premise of being the holder of the ownership title to the left real property. Moreover, judicial practice also lacks a uniform answer to the question whether such owner of the real property left beyond the borders should provide the proof of title to that property as at the date of the outbreak of the Second World War, i.e. on 1 September 1939, or as at the exact date of departing from that territory.
In the commented judgement, the court found that persons who were not the holders of the ownership title to the property as at 1 September 1939, but who later became property owners and, at the same time, met the other statutory conditions, are entitled to the Bug River compensation.
Teaching and learning through scientific practices in the laboratory in biology education
Authors: Sjøberg Mari
Published: September 2021

The overall aim of this thesis is to explore challenges and opportunities with teaching and learning through scientific practices in the laboratory in biology education. This thesis is based on three articles that are introduced and discussed in an extended abstract. My focus is on practice in the laboratory, and in the thesis, I have investigated practice in two different ways. First, I have investigated upper secondary biology teachers’ practices as reported in a survey and group interview (Article I). Secondly, I have analyzed undergraduate biology students’ practices through microscale analysis of their reasoning when constructing representations in the laboratory (Article II and III). The findings from Article I show that the biology teachers’ primarily report that they implement teacher-directed laboratory work with the aim of illustrating content knowledge. The findings from Article II and III shows how different representations, such as drawings and gestures, support students’ model-based reasoning. Based on these findings, I argue for the fruitfulness of a focus on modelling through representation construction as a scientific practice in the laboratory.
TOXICITIES OF TARGETED THERAPY AND IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC MELANOMA
Authors: Kandolf Sekulović Lidija
Published: September 2021

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy changed the treatment landscape for metastatic melanoma, which is chemotherapy resistant cancer. In pre-innovation era, the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma was 6 months, while today 5-year overall survival rate of 34% (and 50% in good prognostic groups) is evident. However, both treatments have their side effects, and cutaneous are the most frequent. Treating physicians in oncology centres, but also primary care specialists, need to be aware of their spectrum which differs for each class of drug: BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors and immunotherapy with anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4. While BRAF inhibitors have the most prominent adverse effects which are class specific, there are also drug-specific adverse effects. For example, vemurafenib causes photosensitivity, which is not specific for dabrafenib, while dabrafenib induces pyrexia, that occurs much less frequently with other BRAF inhibitors. Cutaneous rash and cutaneous neoplasms which develop due to paradoxical activation of RAS signalling are described with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. These side-effects are much less common in combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitor, but MEK inhibitor itself causes characteristic acneiform eruption, and serous retinopathy. Immune related adverse drug reactions are a hallmark of the immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, which can affect every organ system, and most commonly skin, lungs and gastrointestinal system, with differential frequencies recorded with anti-CTLA4 therapy and anti PD-1 therapy. Skin reactions most frequently include pruritus and eczematous reactions, as well as vitiligo-like hypopigmentation, which is linked Melanom 45 to the better response to treatment. In this review, frequent and rare side effects are presented, as well as the current algorithms for their treatment.
Using visual-interactive properties to support data quality visual assessment on abstract and timeless data
Authors: Borovina Josko João Marcelo , Ferreira João Eduardo
Published: September 2021

Visualization systems belong to supervised tools that can make noticeable the intrinsic structures of defects on data. However, despite the significant number of these systems that assist Data Quality Assessment, few provide resources to examine these structures deeply. This situation prevents data quality appraisers from using their contextual knowledge to confirm or refute any data defect. This article explores a visualisation system’s additional features and design characteristics (named V is4DD) that uses visual-interactive properties to support data quality visual assessment on abstract and timeless data (e.g., Customer, Billing). Additionally, we conduct a full review and outline the state-of-art visualization systems related to data quality assessment and fit Vis4DD into this scenario.