bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time to sense biofield (Prana) experiences between hands: A preliminary single blinded randomized placebo controlled trial
Authors: Vijayakumar Vinu , Nagaraja Jois Srikanth , Mallikarjuna Majgi Sumanth , Prasad Krishnamurthy Nagendra , Nanjunda swamy Roopa
Published: July 2024

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui’s hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.
Public perception and acceptance of CCUS: preliminary findings of a qualitative case study in Greece
Authors: Stavrianakis Kostas , Nielsen Jacob , Morrison Zoe
Published: July 2024

The development and implementation of carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies plays an increasingly important part in European Union (EU) countries’ decarbonisation policies and strategies. Several studies have shown the important role social acceptance plays in determining the outcomes of CCUS projects and how social acceptance is shaped by the national and local contexts. Yet most studies on CCUS and social acceptance have focused on a few northern European countries despite the increasing numbers of CCUS projects across the European Union. This study seeks to help address this gap by conducting a case study on how local dynamics shaped people's acceptance and awareness of CCUS in two separate Greek communities. Based on semi-structured interviews with community members near a CCUS pilot plant, and a focus group with community members from a potential storage site, this single case study explores the factors and dynamics that shaped the participants’ perceptions of CCUS technologies. Our findings indicate that, despite the low level of awareness of CCUS technologies, participants could draw on their situated knowledge to identify potential drawbacks with their application. We identified scepticism regarding the adoption of new technologies and the organisations involved based on past experiences, and a notable lack of provision of technology and location-specific information as well as public engagement by the project consortium. Our recommendations for future projects and community engagement include the early involvement of the public in project development, location-based transparent information, appropriate channels to facilitate knowledge exchange, and educational initiatives to build communities' capability to influence projects.
Facilitating remote and virtual access provision by European research infrastructures – requirements, issues, and recommendations
Authors: RAESS Michael , Alhaddad Omran , Bischof Johanna , Dolan John , El Ghadraoui Ayoub , Galeotti Marco , Lächele Ulla , Meyer Xavier , Ozkan Oguz , Rodero Ivan , Savela Hannele , Shepherdson John , Spadetto Vanessa , Tegas Valentina , Vainio Susanne , Vodopijevec Alen , Wolff-Boenisch Bonnie , Alen Amaro Claudia , Thies Annika
Published: July 2024

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are strategic assets facilitating innovation and knowledge advancement across all scientific disciplines. They provide researchers with advanced tools and resources that go beyond individual or institutional capacities and promote collaboration, community-building and the application of scientific standards. Remote and virtual access to RIs enables scientists to use these essential resources without the necessity of being physically present. The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions where a catalyst for the expansion and further development of remote and virtual access models, particularly in fields where physical access had been the predominant model. The eRImote project explores pathways for digital and remote RI access through targeted surveys, stakeholder workshops, expert groups discussions, and the analysis of specific use cases. This paper provides a definition of remote and virtual access and remote training and explores their implementation across various RIs, highlighting the implications for their operational processes and the dynamics of interaction between RIs and their user communities. It presents the identified advantages, obstacles, and best-practices, alongside strategies and recommendations to navigate and mitigate challenges effectively. Key issues and recommendations are summed up separately for remote access, virtual access, and remote training, complemented by general recommendations for facilitating remote and virtual access to RIs. These relate to budgeting and funding, the balancing of RI access models, the need for regulatory frameworks for sample shipments, collaboration among RIs, impact assessment of remote and virtual access on user interactions, operational efficiency and the environment footprint of RIs, and the adaption of data sharing policies. Stakeholders are broadly invited to give their feedback on the paper’s findings and conclusions, which will be integrated into improved versions of this paper.
Probing the functional magnetic resonance imaging response to psilocybin in functional neurological disorder (PsiFUND): study protocol
Authors: Butler Matt , Bird Catherine , Maggio Carolina , Durden Amy , Modlin Nadav , Campbell-Coker Kete , Edwards Mark , Pick Susannah , Millman L.S. Merritt , Lowery Emily , Bhagavan Chiranth , Kanaan Richard , Golder Dawn , Mildon Bridget , Mehta Mitul , Rucker James , Nicholson Timothy R
Published: July 2024

Background Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common cause of neurological symptoms including paralysis, seizures, and movement disorders. It is often debilitating, is associated with high health and social care costs, and can have a poor prognosis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has suggested FND is a multi-network disorder; the default mode network (DMN) may be specifically implicated. Converging evidence suggests that other variable mechanisms including dissociation, interoception, and motor agency may be differentially abnormal in people with FND. Psychedelics are currently under investigation for numerous neuropsychiatric disorders and have been shown to disrupt functional networks such as the DMN. Administering psychedelics to people with FND will help us to probe mechanistic theories of the disorder. Protocol In this open-label neuroimaging study, we will administer 25mg oral psilocybin with psychological support to people with chronic FND (target n = 24). Participants will undergo resting-state and task-based (Libet’s clock, a measure of motor agency) fMRI sequences which will be compared in a pre-post manner. Additional mechanistic outcomes including measures of interoception (heartbeat tracking task), somatisation, illness perceptions, imaginative suggestibility, and dissociation will be collected. Data on expectancy, preparedness, and subjective experience of the psychedelic experience will also be gathered. Participants will be followed up for three months following psilocybin administration. fMRI changes in networks such as the DMN will be analysed using seed-based approaches, and additional exploratory analysis of resting-state imaging will take place. Discussion The study will help us to probe the mechanisms thought to potentially underpin FND. As the first modern study of psychedelics in FND, it will also help us to understand whether psychedelic administration alongside psychological support might be safe and feasible in this patient population.
THE PROBLEM OF COMPLIANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH SUBSTANTIAL VALUES OF HUMAN
Authors: Belikova Evgeniya B.
Published: July 2024

The article attempts to assess the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI), which has become an important part of the life of modern society, and substantial (essential, most significant for humans as a species) values. The relevance of the study is determined by the widespread use of AI and the discussions it constantly causes. On the basis of interdisciplinary, systemic, value-based, dialectical, cultural-historical approaches using methods of observation, analysis, interpretation and others, it was revealed that substantial values ​​are significantly influenced by the spread of AI, but at the same time do not undergo of significant transformations. A number of values ​​(life, freedom of choice, human identity, subjectivity, the possibility of creativity) do not experience real threats, but in the context of the spread of AI they are beginning to be valued higher. Other values ​​(individuality, collectivism, family values, comfort, pleasure) are developing progressively under the influence of AI. Only one substantial value (security) experiences real threats, but its significance for a person only increases as a result. The conclusion is drawn about the significant, but not transformational, influence of AI on the system of substantial values, and therefore about its correspondence to this system.
Documentation of ethnomedicinal orchids from Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Thakur Sajan , Sharma Udhay , Singh Sunit , Dutt Harish Chander
Published: July 2024

Orchids are a group of plants famous for their showy and beautiful flowers. Besides their aesthetic value, these are also used traditionally for their ethnomedicinal properties. In Jammu and Kashmir, India, 21 orchid species from 17 different genera have been documented for their utilization as ethnomedicinal plants. Rhizomes and tubers of these orchids are the main plant parts to be used to cure many disorders like gastro-intestinal, skeleton-muscular, neurological and others.
Celebrating Violence
Authors: Rajendran Chettiarthodi
Published: July 2024

This paper is an attempt to probe into depiction of violence and death in the classical Sanskrit drama, especially in its avatar as Kūṭiyāṭṭam, a living performative tradition related to the temple theatre of Kerala. Stage depictions of terrible scenes of violence, and death as the culmination of it, will be examined here in the context of semiotics by including in its ramifications costume, colour scheme, tonal features and acting. The paper will first review the attitude of the Nāṭyaśāstra to presenting darker side of life on the stage and then turn to issues related to portrayal of violence and death in Kūṭiyāṭṭam. It will also take the opportunity to briefly touch upon other classical performative art forms, like Kathakaḷi, which are based on epic and Purāṇic themes, and are noted for their prominent portrayal of violence on stage.
Cutaneous infections in Atopic Dermatitis (AD) – a literature review
Authors: Rodak Małgorzata , Adamiec Ksawery , Kajzar Magdalena , Nitka Kamila , Iwan Magdalena , Piątkowska Natalia , Szymczuk Błażej , Smorońska-Rypel Joanna , Trojanowski Dominik , Milczarek Jakub
Published: July 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects people of all ages, usually with onset in childhood. It is a multifactorial, complex disorder that causes disruption of the skin barrier and is associated with an abnormal immune response that can predispose to both cutaneous and extracutaneous infections with the potential to become systemic infections.
The aim of this article is to present cutaneous infections as the most common complications of atopic dermatitis (AD). Atopic dermatitis (AD) increases susceptibility to skin viral and bacterial infections. These include Staphylococcus aureus colonization, molluscum contagiosum (MC), eczema herpeticum (EH) and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus infection is the most frequently observed. Molluscum contagiosum (MC) and AD are considered risk factors for each other. However, studies on the relationship between MC and AD are divergent and there is a need for further research. Eczema herpeticum and systemic infections can be life-threatening nevertheless they are not common. Individuals with AD are more prone to HPV infections with various subtypes. Research shows that AD increases the risk of cervical cancer. Cutaneous infections are the most common complication of atopic dermatitis (AD) and are associated with various health risks. Preventive therapy in AD emphasizes improving the skin barrier. Early recognition of skin infections and introduction of adequate therapy is important to prevent serious medical complications.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Eczema Herpeticum, HPV, Molluscum Contagiosum.
Application of Hedonic Pricing Model and Geographic Information System on Property Valuation in Yogyakarta
Authors: Amalia Nurisqi , Yuniyarti Nur Aini , Prativi Fatima Putri
Published: July 2024

This study aims to: 1) identify the differences in housing choices between Generation Z (students) and the previous generation (parents or guardians); 2) determine the factors influencing housing purchase decisions; and 3) map the areas of interest for Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) students based on price. The research employs a combination of the Hedonic Pricing Model (HPM) and Geographic Information System (GIS), a method that remains limited in the field of property research. The findings reveal that significant factors affecting property prices are building area and location, with the majority of UGM students choosing to reside in Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency. Sleman Regency is also the predominant area where UGM students purchase housing in Yogyakarta. Key attributes influencing UGM students' housing decisions include a safe neighbourhood, residential environment, and distance from waste centers. This research contributes valuable information to property appraisers regarding property price distribution in Yogyakarta and its influencing factors, and provides crucial insights for effective decision-making and policy implementation in regional economic development planning, especially in less popular areas.
Exploring the clinical reasoning of an advanced clinical practitioner through a respiratory case encountered in primary care
Authors: Gibbs Mark , Mooney Janice
Published: July 2024

Advanced clinical practitioners work autonomously, utilising a high degree of complex decision making within situations of clinical uncertainty. This case report examines the clinical reasoning surrounding the decision to refer a patient for a chest X-ray to confirm the presence of lung cancer. Although advocated for within clinical guidelines, the sensitivity of X-ray in the detection of early lung cancer has been questioned, and the value of alternative imaging in the form of low-dose computed tomography proposed. Conditions within clinical practice, including time constraints and fatigue, may negatively impact clinical reasoning. A national move towards 15-minute appointments in primary care would aid this.
A systemised literature review into the benefits of introducing the advanced clinical practitioner role to palliative care patients
Authors: Graham Adam , Monk Daniel
Published: July 2024

Background:

By 2040, it is predicted that at least 42% more people will need palliative care services in England and Wales. It is not known if introducing advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs) to palliative care environments is beneficial to patients and healthcare organisations.

Aims:

This research aims to evaluate if there is a benefit to incorporating ACPs within palliative care environments through data collection on their effectiveness when working in palliative care.

Methods:

A systemised review of the literature with a narrative synthesis.

Findings:

The literature shows that the ACP role has positive benefits on palliative care in three domains: (1) for the patient, through improving quality of life; (2) for professionals, through education; and (3) for organisations, through cost-effective models of care.

Conclusions:

Incorporating the role of the ACP could enable organisations and trusts to deliver new models of care that are both patient-focused and cost-effective. Further research is needed within palliative care on the impact of nurses educated to an MSc level in advanced clinical practice, compared to the traditional role of the clinical nurse specialist.
Examining the feasibility of advanced practice radiation therapy roles within the Singaporean healthcare arena: a joint UK-Singapore study
Authors: Jhagra Robin , Khine Ricardo , Tan Chek Wee , Koh Wee Yao , Goh Lili , Jarvis Carol , Woodley Julie
Published: July 2024

Background:

Advanced clinical practice in UK healthcare has matured over recent years. The field now promotes multi-professional working and flexibility in patient care, which are significant factors of the modern healthcare workforce, due to the ongoing shortage of clinicians nationwide. In radiation oncology, the advanced practitioner radiographer role has been pivotal. Observing a rising necessity for similar roles in Singapore, officials from the National University Health System, Singapore, conducted a scientific visit to the UK to explore the implementation of UK advanced practice radiation therapist roles.

Aims:

The objective of the trip was to explore and learn about the infrastructure of the advanced practitioner radiographer role in the UK, with a view to establish similar positions in Singapore and improve service delivery within its healthcare system.

Methods:

During the scientific visit, Singaporean experts engaged in collaborative discussions with UK expert practitioners. These interactions centred on legislative frameworks, their applications and the educational aspects associated with the advanced practitioner radiographer role. The specialists visited various hospitals and a university to gain deeper insights. Following the visit, a survey was conducted among the Singaporean experts to gather comprehensive feedback regarding the visit.

Findings:

Active participation in the visit led to the researchers gaining a nuanced understanding of the UK's advanced practitioner radiographer role, and whether an equivalent advanced practice radiation therapist framework could be feasibly implemented in Singapore. The insights garnered will be instrumental for strategic planning, addressing service gaps and fostering advancements in Singapore's healthcare system.

Conclusion:

Adaptive governance of advanced practice is essential. Learning from the UK's intricate models can guide robust policy formulation and professional role development in Singapore. This can help to facilitate the national establishment of advanced practice radiation therapist roles, supported by suitable education and accreditation structures.
Development of a core outcome set for pharmacist interventions in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ardavani Ashkon , Curtis Ffion , Highton Patrick , Khunti Kamlesh , Wilkinson Thomas J
Published: July 2024

A protocol for the e-Delphi consensus study
Chronic kidney disease in older adults: nursing implications for community nurses
Authors: Reis da Silva Tiago Horta
Published: July 2024

This article will explore the implications of chronic kidney disease for older adults and discuss the vital role that community nurses play in the management and care of individuals affected by this condition
What is toxic leadership?
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: July 2024

Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott explain what toxic leadership is and how to identify it
Syndecan-4 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Abdul Azis Asrul , Santoso Arif , Djaharuddin Irawaty , Iskandar Harun , Ilyas Muhammad , Lihawa Nurjannah
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND Lung cancer has the highest cancer-related mortality rate worldwide. Research has been conducted to improve early detection and markers of predictive value but only focused on the expression of syndecan-4 (SDC4) in serum. Studies in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of SDC4 in serum and BAL in NSCLC patients.
METHODS Blood serum and BAL fluids were obtained from 44 patients with NSCLC and 41 non-cancer patients as the control. The level of SDC4 was measured. The relationships between SDC4 and clinicopathologic factors were also analyzed.
RESULTS Serum SDC4 levels in NSCLC patients were significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the disease stages and serum SDC4 levels had a negative correlation, which was lower in the advanced stage (IIIb/IV) than in the initial stage (I/II/IIIa) (p = 0.517). The same results were obtained from BAL fluids SDC4 levels, which were significantly lower in the advanced stage (IIIb/IV) than in the early stage (I/II/IIIa) (p = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS Serum SDC4 levels in NSCLC patients were lower than those of non-cancer patients. They also performed different results in disease stages. SDC4 could be a helpful biomarker in NSCLC.
Diabetic foot score: a predictive model for leg amputation in patients with diabetic foot disease
Authors: Vincent Agustinus , Soelistijo Soebagijo Adi , Ardiany Deasy , Pranoto Agung , Lusida Michael Austin Pradipta , Pradhevi Lukita , Saefudin Rendra Prasetya
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetic foot disease (DFD), which can ultimately result in leg amputation. This study aimed to develop a novel scoring system to predict the risk of leg amputation using widely available modalities, including demographic characteristics and various laboratory data.
METHODS This study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and analyzed risk factors for leg amputation in 99 patients with DFD who underwent leg amputation compared with 80 control patients. This study presented a predictive model for leg amputation in patients with DFD, using odds ratio (OR) analysis and logistic regression approach with confidence intervals (CIs) set at 95%. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 25.0.
RESULTS PAD (OR 6.52, 95% CI = 2.19–19.37, p = 0.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 5.97, 95% CI = 2.31–15.43, p<0.001), type of DFD (OR 4.58, 95% CI = 2.14–9.79, p<0.001), poor glycemic control (OR 4.48, 95% CI = 1.78–11.28, p = 0.001), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio level (OR 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00–1.07, p = 0.025) were the independent predictors for leg amputation. The predictive model, developed using multivariate analysis with an area under the curve of 89%, optimum threshold of 0.5 (score 6), sensitivity of 84.8%, and specificity of 78.8%, indicating a promising approach for predicting leg amputation outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS The newly developed diabetic foot score may assist in making decisions regarding therapeutic options for patients with DFD.
Le Moulin de Pologne : un choléra en chambre
Authors: Fourcaut Laurent
Published: July 2024

Résumé: Dans Le Moulin de Pologne (1952) de Jean Giono, le « destin des Costes », saisis d'un vertige de mort, traduit l'impasse d'une société où la fusion désirée des individus avec le monde, sous l'effet de la « passion » ou instinct de « perte », n'est plus possible car le monde s'est fermé au désir humain sous la pression de l'Histoire récente. C'est pourquoi, dans la petite ville où se déroule l'histoire, au xixe siècle, règne l'« avarice », non seulement d'argent, mais d'abord du désir. Avares, les notables de la ville qui assouvissent indirectement – par victime interposée – le leur en lui offrant en pâture la perte des Costes lesquels, en désespoir de cause, se donnent au néant. Le personnage de M. Joseph, figure de l'écrivain – comme est aussi le narrateur –, bâtit autour de Julie, son épouse, la plus éperdue des Costes, un vaste domaine où elle peut vivre librement sa passion. Ce domaine est la mise en abyme du contre-monde de formes que l'écrivain, l'avare par excellence, avare sublime, élabore dans l'écriture pour qu'on puisse s'y perdre ad libitum , à défaut de pouvoir le faire pour de bon dans le réel. À la mort de M. Joseph, le destin funeste des Costes reprend de plus belle et va à son terme. Il ne reste alors plus à l'écrivain qu'à passer au livre suivant.
Ground-to-air aircraft infrared image deblurring based on imaging degradation simulation
Authors: Qin Ke , Li Menghao , Feng Huajun , Yang Haibo , Chen Jiaxin , Chen Yueting
Published: July 2024

The issue of infrared image deblurring has been a significant concern. However, in some specific scenes, the current mainstream deblurring algorithms based on optimization or deep learning fail to provide satisfactory results. Aiming to address the ineffectiveness of deep learning methods due to the low-cost datasets' unavailability for specific scenes, we innovatively propose a relatively simple full-chain imaging degradation simulation method using ground-to-air aircraft infrared imaging scene as an example, which considers the effects of blur and noise caused by the atmosphere, imaging system, target motion and detector. Through this method, we could generate abundant blur-clear image pairs by altering various parameters. To enhance the neural network’s generalization ability and the deblurring performance in the specific scenes, we employ a two-step approach: pretraining on the public GoPro dataset and subsequent finetuning on the simulation dataset. After testing on the simulation dataset and some real-world images, we have discovered the importance of selecting a pretraining dataset that closely matches the scene degradation mode. Additionally, regardless of whether the model is pre-trained on the UIRD or GoPro dataset, there are significant enhancements in the deblurring effect following finetuning with our constructed simulation dataset. In summary, compared to the traditional deconvolution methods and the methods trained on a general dataset, our approach not only exhibits superior deblurring capabilities but also effectively mitigates noise and prevents the occurrence of artifactual textures such as ringing artifact.
Quantitative determination of fractional topological charge based on the rotational Doppler effect
Authors: Hu Zhiquan , Zhu Junan , Zhang Hao , Gao Jianbo , Wang Zhuoyi , Li Zuqi , Lu Xingyuan , Cai Yangjian , Zhao Chengliang
Published: July 2024

The utilization of fractional-order vortex beams extends the diversity of optical field manipulation, permits for more flexible control over beam propagation, and provides novel applications in optical communications, edge enhancement imaging, and particle manipulation. However, compared with the integer-order vortex beams, the topological charge measurement techniques for fractional-order vortex beams are not well developed, impeding the further exploration of its applications. In this paper, the frequency signal of rotational Doppler effect and corresponding broadening behavior under the fractional-order vortex beam illumination were analyzed. When the fractional topological charge approaches a half integer, the broadening is minimized. Leveraging this relationship, we designed a phase-compensated scheme coupled with signal-to-noise ratio detection to realize the real-time fractional topological charge measurement. The single pixel photodetector was used and eliminated the need for two-dimensional image acquisition and analysis, ensuring efficient acquisition and quantitative analysis. Both theoretical and experimental results confirm the feasibility of this method, thereby advancing the comprehension of the optical Doppler effect and potentially paving the way for future investigations into fractional vortex beams.
Contaminant-free layer-by-layer annealing to improve the properties of HfO2/SiO2 optical films for the fs laser
Authors: Wu Yuling , Yu Jingxia , Li Xue , Wang Xiangyu , Tang Min , Li Bo , Zu Xiaotao , Yang Liang , Xiang Xia
Published: July 2024

The low laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of HfO2/SiO2 films is an important factor in limiting the further development of high repetition rate femtosecond (fs) laser systems. Conventional whole-layer annealing can effectively improve the properties of SiO2 films, but it is difficult to improve the properties of HfO2 films located in the intermediate layer and is also prone to introduce contaminants. In this study, an innovative magnetron sputtering-vacuum tube furnace combined system was presented to deposit and anneal the HfO2/SiO2 films without contaminant. The layer-by-layer annealing optimizes the stoichiometric ratio, stress, and surface morphology of HfO2/SiO2 films. The fs laser damage test at a high repetition rate indicated that the LIDT of the layer-by-layer annealed films reached 1.15 J/cm2 and 1.99 J/cm2 at 515 nm and 1030 nm, which were about 28% and 25% higher than those of the un-annealed films, respectively. This work provides a way to effectively avoid the contaminant introduction during annealing and improve the damage threshold of bilayer films by layer-by-layer annealing in the magnetron sputtering-vacuum tube furnace combined system.
Downconversion master slave optical coherence tomography for simultaneous en-face imaging at two depths
Authors: Cernat Ramona , Jimenez Alejandro Martinez , Podoleanu Adrian
Published: July 2024

We report the production of two en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from two different depths in real time, using three interferometers in a configuration of double downconversion master slave OCT. Two active mixers are used to produce the analog product of two photodetection signals. A low-cost digitizer with a sampling rate just at the level of twice the inverse of the tuning interval is used, with a much lower sampling rate than that required by the conventional A-scan-based OCT imaging at the same tuning rate. Not employing a fast digitizer for the photodetected signal, as conventional OCT imaging does, the selection of temporal windows from the photodetected signals is achieved by low-cost RF switches. Optimum conditions for the active mixers and switches employed are evaluated to optimize the downconversion operation.
Dual-polarization carrier-assisted differential detection with asymmetric twin-SSB modulation and simplified receiver structure
Authors: Qin Peng , Huo Jiahao , Bai Chenglin , Bai Haolin , Zhang Xiaoying , Huangfu Wei , Long Keping
Published: July 2024

Carrier-assisted differential detection (CADD) is a promising solution for high-capacity and cost-sensitive short-reach application scenarios, in which the optical field of a complex-valued double-sideband (CV-DSB) signal is reconstructed without using a local oscillator laser. In this work, we propose a polarization division multiplexed asymmetric twin single-sideband CADD (PDM-ATSSB CADD) scheme to realize the optical field recovery of the PDM CV-DSB signals. The polarization fading is solved by using a pair of optical bandpass filters (OBPFs) to suppress the unwanted other polarized offset carrier and signal, and the dual-polarization optical field is recovered by the CADD receiver. An asymmetric twin-SSB signal is used to relax the sharpness requirement of optical filter edges. We also propose a joint signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) iterative mitigation algorithm, which can effectively mitigate intra- and inter-polarization SSBI. The proposed PDM-ATSSB CADD scheme is validated for 30 Gbaud PDM asymmetric twin-SSB 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signals. We illustrate the parameter optimization process for PDM-ATSSB CADD, including optical delay and the number of iterations. The impacts of phase noise and relative intensity noise for laser and polarization impairment on PDM-ATSSB CADD are evaluated through numerical simulation. Compared with the PDM-symmetric-TSSB CADD (PDM-STSSB CADD), the required frequency gap to reach the 7% FEC threshold can be reduced by 1 GHz, and the OSNR sensitivity is improved by about 3 dB. Moreover, two simplified PDM-ATSSB CADD schemes are proposed and discussed, which could be considered hardware-efficient and integrative candidates for metro and inter-data center interconnects.
Solid-state transverse Anderson localized fiber laser
Authors: Topper Brian , Bassett Cody , Neumann Alexander , Tuggle Matthew , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Mafi Arash
Published: July 2024

For the first time, to our knowledge, an all-solid transverse Anderson
localizing optical fiber laser is demonstrated. A combination of the
molten core and stack-and-draw fiber fabrication techniques is used to
produce a 112 µm core diameter fiber that is a random array of
Yb-doped high index and passive low index regions. A localized channel
first assists in the guidance of amplified spontaneous emission before
stimulating laser action, which occurs in the same channel via mixed
Anderson localization and step index wave-guiding. Threshold behavior
and lasing are monitored with changing output power slopes, beam
profiling, spectral content, fluorescence clamping, and temporal
intensity. The average output power is stable, while the laser
wavelength hops between 1066 and 1088 nm. Lasing is highly directional
along the fiber axis.
Iterative outlier detection and refinement rule of compensation for phase aberrations in digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Xu Cuifeng , Mo You , Huang Ziyue , Ma Jun , Ling Jing
Published: July 2024

We propose a robust and accurate compensation method for phase aberrations based on the iterative outlier detection and refinement (ODR) rule. This method does not require additional steps to select the known flat region manually or by image segmentation. Based on the proposed method, the phase aberration in regions of a specimen can be detected and refined iteratively. Then, the least squares fitting can be carried out to estimate the coefficients of Zernike polynomials and obtain the accurate phase aberration finally. Computer simulations and real experiments validate the feasibility and effectiveness, and the results show that the proposed method is robust to noise and has superior accuracy even when the specimen occupies half of the field of view.
Fluorine fluid experimental determination of the refractive index, spectral and thermal variation, and transparency quantification of the MezzoCielo telescope
Authors: Di Rosa Silvio , Ragazzoni Roberto , Pelizzo Maria G. , Corso Alain J. , Santi Giovanni , Arcidiacono Carmelo , Magrin Demetrio , Dima Marco , Farinato Jacopo , Zaggia Simone
Published: July 2024

The MezzoCielo (or "half of the sky") is a telescope that aims to revolutionize the way astronomical observations are carried out: once operational, it will be able to continuously patrol the whole sky due to its extremely large field of view estimated to be around 104 square degrees, showing, at the same time, the spatial resolution required for scientific purposes. It is a monocentric optical device designed on the concept of an optical sphere; the latter requires the filling of its inner volume with special fluid in order to be actually convergent with a reasonable focal ratio (for spherical aberration reduction). This fluid must exhibit two main properties, namely, a low refractive index and an extremely high transparency in the visible range. In addition, many other characteristics are also required: thermal and chemical stability over time, no toxicity or flammability, and compatibility with glass and metals are some examples. On the basis of these considerations, two fluorine liquids have been selected: the fluids commercially known as FC-72, perfluorohexane with n
d
= 1.251 at T = 25°C, and Novec7200, ethoxy-nonafluorobutane with n
d
= 1.282 at T = 25°C. In this work, the experimental evaluation of their optical properties (refractive index and transparency) in the visible range and in the thermal interval [-10,+25]°C has been carried out in order to verify the data supplied by the manufacturer and to fully characterize their optical behaviour both spectrally and thermally. All the employed techniques have been firstly applied to commercial pure water, for which extensive literature could be used as reference for the procedures validation.
Assessment of infrastructure, behaviours, and user satisfaction of guardian waiting shelters for secondary level hospitals in southern Malawi
Authors: Panulo Mindy , Lamb Jennifer , Chidziwisano Kondwani , White Blessings , Dreibelbis Robert , Morse Tracy
Published: July 2024

Guardian Waiting Shelters (GWSs) are an essential component of the Malawi’s health care system as they serve as a temporary home for patient guardians while taking care of their relatives admitted to the hospital, and expectant mothers. Although GWSs play a crucial role in Malawi’s healthcare system, past studies have primarily concentrated on maternity waiting homes, neglecting the role and importance of GWSs. The study examines GWS management structures and conditions, as well as guardian satisfaction and perception of health risks related to GWS use. In this explanatory sequential mixed methods design, we assessed 12 GWSs from southern region of Malawi. Qualitative data included interviews (n = 149) and focus group discussions with patient guardians (n = 72), interviews with GWS caretakers (n = 5), representatives from Hospital Management (n = 12) and Hospital Advisory Committees (n = 11). Lack of guidelines and standards for GWSs resulted in creating a customized facility checklist to quantitatively assess infrastructure present at GWSs (n = 12). Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were utilized for data analysis, and a problem tree analysis was used to triangulate and summarize the findings. A total of 249 participants participated in the study. Each GWS had an average of 100 users daily, primarily adult females (71%). No one was accountable for GWS operation and maintenance due to the lack of a management hierarchy. GWS infrastructure conditions were poor, with inadequate functional sleeping rooms, insufficient access to water, sanitation and hygiene facilities. Notably, 50% of the GWSs lacked water access, and a quarter had non-functional toilets. Guardians felt unsafe and at risk of disease transmission when staying within GWS. Study findings highlight lack of clear, consistent GWS ownership as a root cause of challenges in GWSs. Clear policy and operational standards must be established for effective management and smooth functioning of GWSs.
Dynamics of combatting market-driven epidemics: Insights from U.S. reduction of cigarette, sugar, and prescription opioid consumption
Authors: Rimányi Eszter , Quick Jonathan D. , Yamey Gavin , Immurana Mustapha , Malik Vasanti S. , Doherty Tanya , Jafar Zain
Published: July 2024

Misuse and overconsumption of certain consumer products have become major global risk factors for premature deaths, with their total costs in trillions of dollars. Progress in reducing such deaths has been slow and difficult. To address this challenge, this review introduces the definition of market-driven epidemics (MDEs), which arise when companies aggressively market products with proven harms, deny these harms, and resist mitigation efforts. MDEs are a specific within the broader landscape of commercial determinants of health. We selected three illustrative MDE products reflecting different consumer experiences: cigarettes (nicotine delivery product), sugar (food product), and prescription opioids (medical product). Each met the MDE case definition with proven adverse health impacts, well-documented histories, longitudinal product consumption and health impact data, and sustained reduction in product consumption. Based on these epidemics, we describe five MDE phases: market expansion, evidence of harm, corporate resistance, mitigation, and market adaptation. From the peak of consumption to the most recent data, U.S. cigarette sales fell by 82%, sugar consumption by 15%, and prescription opioid prescriptions by 62%. For each, the consumption tipping point occurred when compelling evidence of harm, professional alarm, and an authoritative public health voice and/or public mobilization overcame corporate marketing and resistance efforts. The gap between suspicion of harm and the consumption tipping point ranged from one to five decades–much of which was attributable to the time required to generate sufficient evidence of harm. Market adaptation to the reduced consumption of target products had both negative and positive impacts. To our knowledge, this is the first comparative analysis of three successful efforts to change the product consumption patterns and the associated adverse health impacts of these products. The MDE epidemiological approach of shortening the latent time to effective mitigation provides a new method to reduce the impacts of harmful products.
Mosaic and cocktail capsid-virus-like particle vaccines for induction of antibodies against the EPCR-binding CIDRα1 domain of PfEMP1
Authors: Riedmiller Ilary , Fougeroux Cyrielle , Jensen Rasmus W. , Kana Ikhlaq H. , Sander Adam F. , Theander Thor G. , Lavstsen Thomas , Turner Louise
Published: July 2024

The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes to the host endothelium is central to the pathogenesis of malaria. The sequestration is mediated by the parasite´s diverse Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) variants, which bind select human receptors on the endothelium. Severe malaria is associated with PfEMP1 binding human endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) via their CIDRα1 domains. Antibodies binding and inhibiting across the sequence diverse CIDRα1 domains are likely important in acquired immunity against severe malaria. In this study, we explored if immunization with AP205 bacteriophage capsid-virus-like particles (cVLPs) presenting a mosaic of diverse CIDRα1 protein variants would stimulate broadly reactive and inhibitory antibody responses in mice. Three different mosaic cVLP vaccines each composed of five CIDRα1 protein variants with varying degrees of sequence conservation of residues at and near the EPCR binding site, were tested. All mosaic cVLP vaccines induced functional antibodies comparable to those induced by matched cocktails of cVLPs decorated with the single CIDRα1 variant. No broadly reactive responses were observed. However, the vaccines did induce some cross-reactivity and inhibition within the CIDRα1 subclasses included in the vaccines, demonstrating potential use of the cVLP vaccine platform for the design of multivalent vaccines.
Quality supervision mechanisms on green product for online retailing in the blockchain technology era
Authors: Wang Hong , Xu Yuheng
Published: July 2024

With the development of e-commerce and the increase of consumers’ green consciousness, more and more consumers purchase green products online. The frequent occurrence of the fake green product in online shopping has been harmful to the management and operation of the online market. In order to find the ways for the platform to supervise effectively green products quality problems, we consider the role of blockchain technology, the dynamic penalty mechanisms, the three strategy choices of seller, and the green awareness of consumers, and establish a supervision game model with the participation of online platform, online seller and consumer, which analyzes the equilibrium state of the three parties. The results show that (1) the level of the consumers’ green awareness, the compensation for green consumers, and the cost saved by non-green products are the critical factors to ensure the effectiveness of the platform punishment mechanism; (2) the combine effect of dynamic punishment and blockchain supervision can effectively and rapidly improve the quality of green products; (3) the improvement of consumers’ green awareness can drive sellers to sell green product, and makes the platform to strengthen the supervision of fake green products.
The determinants of nonprofit hospital CEO compensation
Authors: Jenkins Derek , Short Marah N. , Ho Vivian
Published: July 2024

Hospital CEO salaries have grown quickly over the past two decades. We investigate correlates of rising nonprofit hospital CEO pay between 2012 and 2019 by merging compensation data from Candid’s IRS 990 forms with hospital data from the National Academy for State Health Policy Hospital Cost Tool. Almost half of the measured increase in CEO compensation (44.5%) accrued to a “base case” CEO, who was leading a non-teaching hospital system or independent hospital with fewer than 100 beds that earned 0 profits and provided no charity care. Another 28.5% of the measured salary increase resulted from changes in the generosity with which observable metrics were rewarded, particularly the reward for heading a system with 500 or more beds. The remaining 27% resulted mostly from hospital systems or single hospitals that increased their profits or bed size over time. The increase in CEO compensation associated with leading larger healthcare systems and earning greater profits may explain the increase in healthcare system consolidation which has occurred over the last several years.