bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nexus of Human Development Index, Economic and Population Growth On Environmental Degradation In Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zulham T. , Dawood Taufiq C. , Farlian Talbani , Saputra Jumadil , Juliansyah Rollis , Hadi Fajri
Published: April 2021

Environmental degradation is a primary indicator in reducing sustainability and causing many of the challenges faced by humankind, such as climate change, water scarcity, inequality, and hunger. One way to resolve the sustainable issue (environmental degradation) is to promote sustainable development through a commitment to social progress, environmental balance, and economic growth. In conjunction with the present issue, this study aims to analyse the nexus of human development index, economic and population growth on environmental degradation in South Aceh District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. This quantitative study uses secondary data that involved three main variables: environmental degradation, economic growth, and population growth. This study data were collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics, Aceh, Indonesia and related Regional Government Agency for 20 years started 1997 to 2017. This study found that the human development index and population growth positively and significantly affect environmental degradation. Also, economic growth has no significant impact on environmental degradation. In conclusion, this study identifies that when the human development index low and population growth high, it would increase environmental degradation. Surprisingly, whereas economic growth does not significantly contribute to environmental degradation, this study can provide an overview of the nexus of human development index, economic and population growth on environmental degradation and its impact on society.
The Impact of Consolidated Value Added Taxation on Innovation and Investment Processes: European Experience and Prospects for Ukraine
Authors: Rudenko Viktoriia , Voloshchuk Ruslan , Melnyk Viktor , Tsiupa Oksana
Published: April 2021

Today Ukraine is on the path to European integration, which requires the introduction of the best practices of European countries, including in terms of taxation of consolidated groups of enterprises. At present, in European countries, consolidated value added taxation is one of the ways to solve the problem of reducing the tax burden on business, providing enterprises with additional investment resources and stimulating their innovative development. In addition, the consolidated tax system reduces the cost of tax administration for both the state and business. Therefore, the issue of introducing value added tax is relevant for Ukrainian practice. The purpose of the research is to study the content and determine the specifics of consolidated value added taxation in European countries and to consider the possibilities of its application in Ukraine for innovation and investment processes intensifying. The specifics of the scientific tasks that are the subject of the study required the use of a set of special methods, the application of which helped to analyze the impact of consolidated value added taxation on innovation and investment processes in European countries. The study was conducted using quantitative methods, including comparative analysis, and qualitative methods, including case study. The study identified the essence and basic principles of consolidated value added taxation. Two types of consolidated VAT taxation in European countries are analyzed: the regime of full consolidation and the regime of partial consolidation. The advantages and disadvantages of consolidated VAT taxation for the state and taxpayers are substantiated. It was found out that in European countries, consolidated value added tax is aimed at improving the conditions of doing business and providing taxpayers with additional opportunities to apply special tax rules. As a result of the study, it was proved that the introduction of approaches in Ukraine that correspond to the European experience of consolidated VAT taxation will help to solve important tasks of bringing its tax system closer to foreign standards and intensifying innovation and investment processes at the micro- and macro levels.
The Role of Women Farmers in Lowland Rice Production in Parigi Moutong Regency of Central Sulawesi
Authors: Rauf Rustam Abdul , Dwi Saputra Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Women farmers could contribute to reducing poverty in rural areas; for example, empowering women farmers could improve their ability to produce lowland rice. This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomic factors that affected the role of women farmers in the production of lowland rice; also, to analyze the effect and the role of women farmers on lowland rice yields. Data collection included a questionnaire and involved 168 respondents, who were taken by the census. Data analysis used multiple and logit regression of Cobb-Douglas models. The results showed that education and farming income had a positive and significant effect on the role of women farmers in lowland rice production. The yield of lowland rice was affected by land area, urea fertilizer, SP-36 fertilizer, labor, and the role of women farmers.
The Theory of Planned Behavior and Marketing Ethics Theory in Predicting Digital Piracy Intentions
Authors: Ahadiat Ayi , Maydiantoro Albet , Dwi Kesumah Fajrin Satria
Published: April 2021

This study discusses an interactive model that integrates behaviour theory with ethical theory to determine individual behaviour towards digital piracy. This study uses a quantitative approach by testing assumptions using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) assisted using the AMOS 4.0 application program. The results showed that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the theory of marketing ethics (HV theory) could be used to predict the intention to commit digital piracy. Digital piracy intentions are not influenced by TPB's arbitrary rules, while digital piracy expectations and behaviour management significantly impact digital piracy intentions. Moral obligations and perceived benefits directly influence digital piracy. Moral obligation has clear negative effects, whereas perceived benefits positively impact piracy. Moral obligation hurts subjective value. Meanwhile, the perceived dangers often undermine individual attitudes towards digital piracy. The benefits people experience influence attitudes to digital piracy. This habit has had a dramatic and positive impact on digital piracy.
Identification of Lapatinib Derivatives and Analogs to Control Metastatic Breast Cancer-specific to South Asian Population-a Pharmacogenomic Approach
Authors: Vyshnavi A M Hima , Namboori P K Krishnan
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The need for designing and developing personalized drugs for various diseases has become a challenging research topic at present. The individual variation towards susceptibility of a drug depends upon the genomic, epigenomic, metagenomic and environmental genomic factors. Areas covered: The ‘Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV)’ has been identified as the functional feature corresponding these factors. The need for personalized drug designing for the ERBB2 mutation related to Breast Cancer has been proposed by taking the South Asian (SA) population as the test sample. The SNVs corresponding to SA population for the ERBB2 mutation has been identified. The ‘convolution neural network-based deep learning technique’ (DeepCNN) has been used for computing the clinical significance of the SNVs, whose clinical significance values are unknown, using the functional variants as the attributes for the ethnic group. Expert opinion: The population has been classified into four groups based upon the probability of variants. The population-specific gene models and protein models have been designed. The potential molecules that control ERBB2 mutation specific to the South Asian population have been identified through docking/interaction score values
Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude Towards Medical Ethics among Medical Students - A Questionnaire based Study
Authors: Shikha Shajil  , Siddesh Revpla Channabasappa  , V Dekal
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Ethics is concerned with moral principles for the members of the medical profession in theirdealings with each other, their patients and the State. A physician must uphold dignity and honour of hisprofession. He must render service to humanity and should maintain good medical practices. A physicianmust provide highest quality assurance in patient care. Duties of physician towards sick include obligationto sick, must be patient while treating them. Its an era of litigation against medical professionals. Awareness,Knowledge of medical ethics during MBBS phase is need of the hour to prevent these.Aims & Objectives: • The study aims to assess Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude towards medical ethicsamong medical students in a teaching hospital.• To suggest and implement necessary changes in the medical curriculum like AETCOM module to trainthem & to focus on ethical practices.Materials and Methods: A Prospective, cross sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out amongmedical students of Saveetha Medical College hospital, Chennai. The Medical Students from Phase II &Phase III MBBS were approached and the questionnaires were sent to about 250 medical students, out ofwhich 216 responses were recorded & included in the study. Received responses/results were tabulated andstatistically analysed, depicted in observations.Conclusion: There are no potential risks in the study. Study helps to identify the amount of awareness ofmedical ethics among medical students and also to stress on the need for awareness programs on medicalethics. The medical students may not have sufficient knowledge towards medical ethics, need much trainingamong medical students through Value added courses on Ethics and AETCOM module of CBME curriculumin future throughout the curriculum.
Genotoxicity and Clastogenicity of Bisphenol A
Authors: Adelina Ismaili  , Flaka Pasha
Published: April 2021

Objectives: This review represents a critical and constructive analysis of literature in the content ofgenotoxicity and clastogenicity of Bisphenol A. The review is generated through summary, classification,analysis and comparison of already existing material and researches on field.Methods: Databases as Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Web of Science were used to extract data for thereview. Search terms like “Bisphenol A”, “endocrine disruptors”,”clastogenicity” and “genotoxicity” wereinquired. Out of 350 research articles screened, 60 most relevant studies are included in this review.Conclusion : This review highlights the endocrine disrupting potential of Bisphenol A, thus leading togenotoxic and clastogenic events, especially impacting fragile categories like pregnant women, infants andchildren. BPA induces oxidative stress, inflammatory response, DNA strand break, chromosome aberrationsand epigenetic changes, affecting neuroendocrine and reproductive system, metabolism, immunity, liverfunction, and increases the incidence of thyroid, liver, breast, uterine and ovary cancer.We can conclude that human exposure to BPA, as one of the leading environmental contaminants, representsa major global issue. BPA by its genotoxic and clastogenic potential can be debilitating for human health.Further research on field considering BPA distribution, varying exposure rates, racial disparities and interspecies differences, should be conducted. Avoiding exposure to BPA and finding safer alternatives to refine,reduce or replace BPA in market should remain a priority.
Forensic Examination of Torture and other Forms of ill-Treatment
Authors: Ahmad AL Taharwah  , Hamzeh Abu Issa
Published: April 2021

Forensic documentation is crucial for documenting torture, and is generally treated as a central componentof any effort to prosecute torture. As a result, it is central to ending the impunity for torture which is key toits perpetuation. Forensic evidences have been the centerpiece of the judgment by the court of cassation.This shows the important of the quality, independence and impartiality of the forensic examination for anystrategy for the prevention of torture in Jordan.
Anti-Cancer and Acute Toxicity Activity of Benzo[e]Indol-2- Ylidene)-3 -(4-Methoxyphenyl) Imino Propanal
Authors: Ahmed Jasim Mohammed Gawi  , Walaa Najm Abood  , Fadhil Lafta Faraj
Published: April 2021

Background: The new indole Schiff base compound benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)iminopropanal](2P)was investigated for antioxidant, toxicity and anti-tumor ability for A547 cell, PC3 celland WRL 68 cell.Results: 2P has antioxidant ability for IC50 (75 µg/mL) compared with control ascorbic acid (27 µg/mL).Antitumor ability to 2P for A547 cell and PC3 cell were decreased significantly after treated with 2P in dosedependent manner at 24,48 and 72 hours, while no toxicity effect on the WRL 68 cell. The antitumor effectwas through accelerated apoptosis, the alteration in nuclear morphology. Increasing in the cells membranepermeability, decreasing in the nucleus intensity with the increasing of concentration of 2P compound wasobserved.MMP is disturbed in the apoptosis by forming of permeability and the result was showed that 2P activatedrelease cytochrome c significant higher than control.2P break down the cell cycle progress in G1 phase (P<0.05) compared with control. Conclusion: this result was conducted the new 2P compound has antioxidantand antitumor ability that may be used 2P a new anticancer drug.
The Influence of Knowledge, Lifestyle and Culture on the Incidence of Tuberculosis A Literature Review
Authors: Aloto Ximenes Belo Amaral  , Mateus Sakundarno Adi
Published: April 2021

Background: TB is a public health problem whose incidence is still high in Timor Leste. TB is an infectiousdisease which is one of the leading causes of death in the world caused by an infectious agent Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to review scientific articles focusing on the Influence ofKnowledge, Lifestyle and Culture on the Incidence of Tuberculosis. Method: The method used was aliterature review. Articles used as literature review materials came from SagePub, BMC Public Health,Elsevier, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Proquest and others. The articles were selected based on the researchfocus, which was the Influence of Knowledge, Lifestyle and Culture on the Incidence of Tuberculosis.Results and Conclusions: Knowledge is very important in TB control efforts. Good knowledge needs to befollowed by a good perception. Such knowledge is not only for the TB patients but also for the families andhealth workers. Lifestyles that are very risky to increase health vulnerability in TB patients are smoking,drinking alcohol, using illegal drugs, inadequate consumption, living in a slum environment, lack of airventilation, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, urban life, lack of glycemic control, sugar consumption, andliving with TB patients. Cultural influences include inter-racial disparities, culture of seeking local treatmentor not going to health facilities, delay in initial screening, TB sputum examination, lack of PPE, poor localTB surveillance, traditional medicine, stigma and culture carried by
A Rare Case of Cervical Epidural Abscess Post Posterior Cervical Laminotomy with Isolation of Neisseria Meningitides Bacteria
Authors: Ammar Najim Abood
Published: April 2021

Spinal epidural abscess is a rare condition, although it requires an urgent surgery to decrease the pressure onthe epidural sac in addition to the other structures of the spinal cannel cord and nerve roots.A 29 years old female entered the clinic with large neck swelling. She also had a history of headache withneck pain, both arm paresthesia with mild fever. Her MRI showed an epidural collection at level of cervical5 to cervical 7 compressing the dural sac narrowing the spinal cannel and extending to the paraspinalintramuscular area in the neck.She had undergone a surgery with a 2cm mid line incision above the swelling mass in order to suck out thepus. In addition, the intermittent Valsalva maneuver was performed to enhance the epidural pus gat out.The culture and sensitivity test to pus indicated a Neisseria meningitides bacterial growth. Penicillin G andcefotaxime as antibiotics were prescribed. Improvement occurred within 2 weeks.Although rare, the isolated Neisseria meningitides spinal epidural abscess requires an urgent treatmentthrough evacuating and decompressing. Spondylodiscitis or collapse may occur, therefore, a surgery forspine correction may be needed, fellow up is recommended in all forms of epidural abscesses.
Hepatocellular and Immuno-toxicopathological Effects of Acrylonitrile in Albino Male Mice
Authors: Anas A. Humadi
Published: April 2021

This study to provide details on role of Acrylonitrile (AN) in blood profile and histopathological changes inliver in male albino mice, the aims of current study were detected influence and toxication of AN in the malemice, the present article was include (30 albino mice) divided into 3 groups, the age ranged from 8-9 week.The dose of Acrylonitrile (25mg / kg of BW) and the period of this study 60 days.The hematological examination showed increased in WBCs (9.32±1.11 / 11.802±0.75), Lymphocyte(9.25±2.20 / 11.05±1.95), Neutrophile (5.55±0.88 / 7.03±1.50) and Monocyte (0.19±0.97 / 0.33±0.18) in2nd and 3rd group respectively, while showed decreased in RBCs (6.40±1.11 / 5.82±0.70), PCV (38.65±1.20/ 36.40±2.13), MCV (44.70±1.49 /41.95±0.49), MCH (14.85±1.44 / 10.00±1.84) and Hb (13.24±1.82 /12.63±1.91) in 2nd and 3rd group respectively, The histopathological changes in liver showed extensivenecrosis, thickening and congestion of blood vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mast cell aggregationin hepatocytes, hepatocyte atrophy and extensive areas of abscess in 2nd group, while in 3rd group showedperihyperplastic bile duct, large extensive granuloma, multiple giant cells, dystrophic calcified and hepaticnecrosis.
Prevalence of Eimeria Species in Sheep and Goat in Tikrit City, Iraq
Authors: Khansaa Ahmed Hasan  , Omaima Ibrahim Mahmood
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to detect Eimeria sp. in sheep and goat, diagnose its species, and know its prevalencein Tikrit city and its surroundings during the wet and dry months. The results showed that the total rate ofinfection in sheep was 56.25%, while in goat was 69.05%, and it was also found that the highest rate ofinfection was in dry months 72.08% in sheep and 76%in goat, while the rate of infection in wet months was32.5% in sheep, and 50% in goat. Eleven species of Eimeria were diagnosed in sheep and twelve speciesin goat, and the species E. sundarbanens was recorded for the first time in Iraq after made a survey amongstudies conducted in various governorates of Iraq, and depending on the phenotypic characteristics whichwere identical data in a specialized references . The mixed patterns of infection with different species ofEimeria showed the highest in sheep and goat 57.75%, 51.79% respectively
Relationship between Blood group and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with the Role of the Oxidative Stress
Authors: Baneen Saleem Salih  , Abdul-Samed Uleiwi Hassan
Published: April 2021

Chronic myeloid leukemia characterized by the expansion of a clone of hematopoietic cells that carriesthe Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). The aim of study are to find if there is an association between bloodgroups and chronic myeloid leukemia, and to determine the role of the oxidative stress as risk factor. Ninetypersons included in the study (45 as patient and 45 as control group). Patients were suffering from CML,the control are free from this disease. There are ranged from (21-60) years old where they are divided into four group according to blood group (A, B, AB, and O). The sera were collected from the 90 personsand analyzed by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for MDA and GSH. The results ofthe study show that blood group O (44%) predominates in CML patients group followed by blood group A(22%), B (18 %) and AB (16%). The mean serum level MDA value shows highly significance at (P?0.001)change in the patients group in comparison with control. Also show that the level of MDA in male (900. 99± 603.89) is significantly higher than in female (582.28 ± 562.29). The mean serum level of GSH show thatsignificant decrease at (P?0.05) in patients group (40. 12 ± 27.33) than in control groups (55.20 ± 28.79). Asa conclusion from this study, the importance of MDA and GSH in CML patients can be used to detect thecomplications related to the among these patients.
How do the Government and More than 1.3 Billion People Stand Against the COVID-19 Pandemic in the World’s Largest Democratic Country? A Comprehensive Reflection from India, in a Public Health Perspective
Authors: Biju Soman  , Aswathi Raj L  , Ranjitha S Shetty  , Lena Ashok  , Jasna T
Published: April 2021

Background- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by deadly novel corona virus has devastatedthe world causing a morbidity rate of more than 64 million and mortality rate of 1.5 million. India, being aLower Middle-Income Country (LMIC) with a GNI per capita of nearly $2000, has proactively institutedvarious containment strategies. India has witnessed the effectiveness of primary prevention strategies infighting various health problems in the years gone. The most worrying factor was about community spreadof the pandemic, which would cause the spread of illness uncontrollable. Economic analysts had forecastedif appropriate strategy on containment of coronavirus is not initiated, the country would regress back to 20years, in terms of economy and healthcare. This scoping review throws light into the efficacious preventivestrategies adopted by India to fight COVID-19 pandemic and attempting to reduce mortality and morbidityrate, to flatten the illness curve.Methods- We used a wide range of scientific database and news reports to conduct an extensive review onIndia’s fight against COVID-19. Articles which has been published from January to November 2020 werereviewed and pooled the data to write this review.Conclusion- Containment strategies are the key for prevention of any contagious illness. COVID-19 beinghighly contagious, and infecting millions of populations, is successfully being controlled in India to reducethe cases. The Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) of COVID-19 is very low in India, compared to other countries.
Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Helix pomatia in Wasit Province Iraq
Authors: Duaa Abdul Khaliq AL-Quraishy  , Altamemy A. K. Aakool
Published: April 2021

DNA of a total of 96 samples of (32) enteric, (32) gastric and (32) pod of Helix pomatia has been obtainedthrough the use of the Genomic DNA Extraction kit and tested by the use of the Real time PCR and specificset of the primers and probe for the detection of the Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene. Six enteric samples and only2 gastric samples have been positive while the others have been negative, that result indicates the presenceof the T. gondii in that snail species, and based upon those results infection can either be acquired from thecontaminated environment or as a result of consuming the grass that has been contaminated with parasiteoocysts. The negative result of pod samples may be due to the failure of filtration the infectious stages ofparasites into the organs that close contacts with environment or inability of the parasites in surviving inthose organs.
Species Composition and Seasonal Activity of Phlebotominae Sand Flies in Kuhdasht City, Lorestan Province, Iran
Authors: Ebrahim Hosseini-Fard  , Aref Salehzadeh  , Amir Hossein Maghsood  , Behroz Davari  , Amir-Hossein Zahirnia
Published: April 2021

Background: leishmaniasis causes ninth largest burden among infectious diseases and has been known forseveral hundred years in Iran. Phlebotominae sand flies are proven vectors of leishmaniasis and some otherinfectious diseases such as sand fly fever, summer meningitis, vesicular stomatitis, Carri ?on’s disease andChandipura virus encephalitis to human and animals.Aim: To reveal the species diversity and distribution of leishmaniasis vectors, the present study wasconducted with the aim of investigating the fauna and monthly activity of sand flies of Kuhdasht.Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done on sand flies distribution and seasonalactivity in Kuhdasht city. Using sticky traps and light traps sand flies were collected during activity seasonfrom the end of March to mid-December, 2016.Results: During 8 months of study, totally 4455 sand flies (4157 with sticky trap and 298 with light trap) werecollected. Sandflies include a collection of 7 species composed of Phlebotomus (Phlebotomus) papatasi, P(Paraphlebotomus) sergenti, P (Paraphlebotomus) alexandri, P (Adlerius) halpensis, P (Paraphlebotomus)caucasicus, P (Phlebotomus) salehi and Sergentomyia (Sergentomia) antenata. Activity of sand flies startedin late May and continued until the end of November. Phlebotomus papatasi, P. sergenti and P. alexandriwere three prevalent species in studied areas and two activity peaks were recorded in the end of June and inearly-September.Conclusions: Regarding the presence of proven vectors of leishmaniasis in studied areas and neighboringwith important foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis, monitoring the status of vectors and epidemiology of thedisease in the city and suburb of the Kuhdasht is very important in the prevention of forming a new focusof leishmaniasis.
The Effectiveness of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) and Ambon Banana Fruit (Musa Acuminata Cola) in Reducing Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients in Palangga Gowa District, Indonesia
Authors: Erlina Y Kongkoli  , Nasrullah  , Sumira  , M. Askar
Published: April 2021

Hypertensive patients who are not adhering to treatment cannot control their blood pressure so it is importantto find solutions that can stabilize blood pressure with food that is consumed and can be found anytimearound them. Objective: This study was to identify the effectiveness of cucumber and Ambon banana fruitin reducing blood pressure in hypertensive sufferers. Method: This type of research is a Quasy Experimentwith a non-randomized pretest and posttest control group design. Population of this study were hypertensivepatient in Pallangga subdistrict and Sample participated were 24 people with hypertension selected bypurpossive sampling with the sample formula of unpaired numerical analytic research. Results: There weredifferences before and after treatment in the two groups, there was no difference in the effectiveness of thesample in the two same treatments. Conclusion: Cucumber and banana fruit are effective for lowering bloodpressure.
Immune Dysregulation in Childhood Leprosy
Authors: Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa  , Budi Prasetyo  , Santi Martini  , Hardyanto Soebono  , Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan  , Anang Endaryanto  , Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Published: April 2021

Leprosy is a chronic infection which is caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy has long been considereda complex disease, in which host and environmental characteristics are as important as the pathogen todetermine disease outcome. Leprosy is an excellent model for examining the immunoregulatory functions.Children are believed to be the most vulnerable group to leprosy infection due to their immature immunity.This review is aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies about immune dysregulation in childhoodleprosy. This study highlighted the plausible maternal-fetal connection which are related in immunedysregulation in childhood leprosy.
Environmental Factors and Leprosy in Mother and Child: A Study in Endemic Areas in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa  , Hardyanto Soebono  , Dominicus Husada  , Hari Basuki Notobroto  , Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan  , Anang Endaryanto  , Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa
Published: April 2021

Background: Leprosy is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae. In endemic locations,children become vulnerable as a result of being continuously exposed to foci of active transmission from avery young age, especially from their mothers. This study aims to find association between environmentalrisk factors and leprosy in mothers and children in endemic areas.Methods: This study is a case-control study in endemic areas in Tuban Regency, East Java Province,Indonesia. Retrieval of data was done using structured questionnaire and direct measurement. Chi-squarewas used to assess the association between environmental factors and leprosy in mothers and children groups.Results: 22 pairs of cases and 57 pairs of controls were examined. It is found that access to clean wateris associated with leprosy in mothers in endemic areas (p value = 0.047, OR 3.080, CI 95% 2.232-4.251).Environmental factors are not associated with pediatric leprosy in endemic areas.Conclusion: The results of our study show that environmental factors are not associated with pediatricleprosy in endemic areas. Access to clean water is associated with leprosy in mothers in endemic areas.
Estimation of Stature from Hand Measurements. A Population based Study
Authors: Fouzia Hameed  , Vina Vaswani  , Viswakanth B
Published: April 2021

A prospective study was carried out in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, KanachurInstitute of Medical sciences, Mangaluru in 2016. The aim of the study was to evaluate the stature fromhand length and hand breadth in Dakshina Kannada population. Materials and method: The study groupcomprised of 100 individuals of ages ranging from 22-45 years of both males and females (50 males and 50females) residing in Dakshina Kannada. Individuals were selected randomly who attended Kanachur hospitalin the age group of 22-45 years of both males and females. Written informed consent was taken from eachindividual. Ethical clearance was obtained from Yenepoya University to carry out the study. Materials usedwere stadiometer, digital caliper. Results: The linear regression analysis and multiple regression equationwere obtained for both males and females. Conclusion: Linear regression equation is useful in estimatingstature than multiple regressions. To denote a population it is always better to do on a larger sample size toget accuracy of the results.
Potential Effect of Djambal Catfish (Pangasius djambal) Gelatin as Biomaterial Product on Healing Socket after Tooth Extraction in Rats
Authors: Fredy Mardiyantoro  , Nenny Prasetyaningrum  , Miftakhul Cahyati  , Zefry Zainal Abidin  , Norifumi Nakamura
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Adequate wound healing after a tooth extraction is significant because the oral cavity has amasticatory function and plays a role in nutrient intake. Various scientific studies have been conducted tofind the ideal biomaterial to support wound healing. This study aims to determine the wound healing activityusing Djambal Catfish (Pangasius djambal) gelatin after tooth extraction.Method: Gelatin was obtained from Djambal Catfish (Pangasius djambal). The sample was selected byrandom sampling, divided into 6 groups, namely the control group on the 3rd day (n=6), the control groupon the 5th day (n=6), the control group on the 7th day (n=6), the treatment group on the 3rd day (n=6), thetreatment group on the 5th day (n=6), and the treatment on the 7th day (n=6). Wound healing was examinedby evaluating wound healing marker such as macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelialization, angiogenesis, andcollagen. Data were processed using statistical analysis.Results: The treatments had a positive result in wound healing as compared with the control groups.Histological assessment showed a remarkable sign of an increased number of macrophage, fibroblast,epithelialization, and collagen deposition.Conclusion: Gelatin derived from Djambal Catfish (Pangasius djambal) can accelerate the wound healingprocess thus could be a component therapeutic potential product that may be beneficial in wound healing inthe future.
In Silico Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate: Spike Glycoprotein
Authors: Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to perform the analysis of toxicity prediction, allergenicity prediction, and in silico cloningof peptides originated from SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in the previous study. Allergenicity predictionemployed AllerPred to predict the non-allergen peptides and toxicity prediction performed using ToxinPred.Then, this study designed the in silico cloning of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein with pET-28a(+) usingSnapGene software. Therefore, this study successfully constructed the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate viain silico method. Therefore, these data could be used to design a peptide-based vaccine against SARSCoV-2. However, the advanced study is recommended confirmation, such as in vitro and in vivo study
Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Risperidone Treatment Response in Schizophrenia: A Review
Authors: Gina Sabila  , Rano K. Sinuraya
Published: April 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by positive, negative, and cognitivesymptoms that affect the quality of life. Risperidone is widely known as second-generation antipsychoticthat is effective to treat schizophrenia. Unlike the first-generation antipsychotic, risperidone has a lowerimpact on the extrapyramidal adverse effect. However, individually, the risperidone treatment response maybe different caused by the genetic polymorphisms. This review aims to examine the association of geneticpolymorphisms with risperidone treatment response in schizophrenia.Method: The review was conducted using the Pubmed database and 49 articles included in this reviewamong 80 articles obtained in an initial search. The result showed genetic polymorphisms which affectsrisperidone therapy include DRD2, genetic polymorphisms on serotonin, cytochrome P450, BDNF, COMT,and ABCB1. Those polymorphisms might increase or decrease pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamicprofile of risperidone. In addition, genetic polymorphisms also contributed to the risk of metabolic syndromeand hyperprolactinemia induced by risperidone treatment.Conclusion: Based on those findings, several genetic polymorphisms had an association with therapeuticoutcomes and side effect after risperidone treatment. Genetic polymorphisms screening may be useful fordrug choices or dosage adjustment that safer and effective for patients.
An Physiological Enzymatic Study for Atherosclerosis Patients in the City of Fallujah
Authors: Hadeel Abdelelah Abdel Razaaq
Published: April 2021

Atherosclerosis is a syndrome that affects arterial blood vessels. Arteriosclerosis thickens the walls ofblood vessels as a result of accumulation of macrophages and white blood cells, and fat accumulation ismore pronounced over time. Blood pressure, smoking, obesity, lifestyle, sugar and age are risk factors.Atherosclerosis. The symptoms and signs of atherosclerosis differ depending on the arteries affected byatherosclerosis.This study was conducted in the Pharma lab in the city of Fallujah and samples were collected from theFallujah General Hospital. 50 samples were collected, 30 of which were patients with atherosclerosis and theremaining 20 samples were for healthy people. The samples included both males and females between theages of 30 to 78 years. A questionnaire was used to collect some information from patients and correctionsthat included (gender, age, blood pressure, smoking, Weight and blood sugar) and some tests were performed(Cholesterol , TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, GOT, GPT, ALP, Albumin). The results showed a significantincrease in concentrations of Chol, TG, LDL, VLDL, GOT, GPT, ALP) in patients with atherosclerosisand a significant decrease in concentrations of both HDL and ALB in patients with atherosclerosis at theprobability level (P ? 0.05). The results also showed that males are more susceptible to arteriosclerosis thanFemales, and also showed that the greater the age, the greater the risk factors for atherosclerosis. The morerisk factors for atherosclerosis increase with increasing body mass. As for smoking, the results indicated thatit has an effect on atherosclerosis, as people who smoke have increased risk factors for atherosclerosis, anddisease risk factors increase with increased blood pressure and sugar.
A Mini Review on Covid-19 Infection and Severe Outcome on Cancer Patient
Authors: Al-Mhanna Sameer Badri , Zakara Zaidi , Abiola Afolabi Hafeez , Oluwafunke Toyin Afolabi-Owolabi , Folashade Elesho Rashidat
Published: April 2021

Introduction December 2019, the world witness a new strand of pathogen known as coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), later recognized as the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). By April 1st 2020, the confirmedcases were over 800,000 around the world with over 40,000 fatalities. Individuals with cancer are morevulnerable to COVID-19 impact because of compromised health-status.Methods A comprehensive search method was applied by searching the google scholar using the keywordsto select eligible studies to be included in the reviewResults The findings showed that patients with cancer, especially thoracic malignancies that wereinfected with COVID-19 infection during the hospital stay developed severe cardiorespiratory symptomsthat warranted use of a mechanical ventilator. The cancer patients with COVID-19 had increased rateof hospitalization and a poor outcome as well as a higher risk of mortality when compared to healthyindividuals. It is recommended that cancer patients taking anti-tumour drugs should undergo early screeningfor COVID-19 because the anti-tumour drugs also suppress the immune system. Hence, their dosage shouldbe regulated appropriately incase of COVID-19 co-infection.Conclusion In risk-mitigation pandemic scenario in COVID-19 period, efforts should be made not tocompromise the prognosis of cancer in these patients by adhering to treatment guideline.
Knowledge and Attitude Towards HIV Patients among Dental Students
Authors: Gayathri. P. S  , Krithika.C  , Rajkumar P  , Rehana Bee  , Preetha D  , Vinod Kumar A.C
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The chances of dental professionals acquiring infection from HIV infected patient is verylow yet significant. Hence most of the dental practitioners often hesitate to treat such cases reflecting theirattitude and behavior on understanding about the pathogenesis and various aspects of the disease. Aim:The present study was aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards HIV patients among dentalstudents. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaire,through Google forms using various social media platforms among 206 dental students from second year tointerns across dental colleges in Tamil Nadu, India during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Statisticswas done and results were tabulated. Results: In the present study it was observed that 77.7% students wereaware of standard protocols to be taken for treating HIV patients and 71.8% were aware of various detectionand management techniques. The overall knowledge and attitude towards HIV patients among dental studentswas 86% (highest) for interns group, 79% for final years, 75% for third years and 67% for second years (lowscore) respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows that there was adequate knowledge among thedental students regarding the oral manifestations and dental treatment of patients with HIV/AIDS howeverlack of attitude towards disease transmission was observed. Efforts have to be taken to improve the modesof educating the students about the HIV infection and its dental effects.
Awareness about Management of Pain and Anxiety during Dental Treatments among Dental Students
Authors: Gayathri. P. S  , Krithika.C  , Arun Kumar T.M  , Selvarathi K  , Christy Jospeh Samuel. K  , Manju.J
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Humans are more likely to feel contented with a familiar experience however discomfortwith a novel one. The issues of pain, anxiety and fear are always a major part of dentistry. Dental anxietywill result in avoidance of dental care. The initial interaction between the dentist and the patient can revealthe presence of dental anxiety. Aim: This study was aimed assess the awareness about the management ofpain and anxiety during dental treatment among dental students. Methodology: A cross sectional studywas conducted using self-administrated questionnaire, through Google forms using various social mediaplatforms such as whatsapp, facebook among 200 dental students from third year to final year in TamilNadu, India during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Statistics was done and tabulated. Results:It was observed that 80% participants feel interrelation between dental anxiety and pain and 89% believeoffice environment and dental staff affects patient mind-set. 65.5% considers pharmacological route of painmanagement as effective strategy with 48.5% preferring conscious sedation and 36.5% accepts sedation caneliminate the use of local anesthesia. Conclusion: From the present study we would like to conclude thatmost of the dental students were aware about pain and anxiety management during dental treatments howeverfurther educational improvement regarding pain and anxiety in emergency conditions, especially concerningthe assessment methods and continuity in the control of pain might result in better patient satisfaction.
Estimation of Lepitn, Melatonin , and Adropin Hormones in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Tikrit City
Authors: Hiba Hazim Salih  , Rasha Shamil hussin  , Wasan Sarhan Oubeid
Published: April 2021

The increased incidence of gestational diabetes (GDM), and its negative effect for the mother, and thefetus imposes the need to study the mechanisms which resulting in pregnancy complications development.This study was carried out to study the relationship between (GDM) and some hormones levels (liptin,melatonin, and adropin) in the three semester of pregnant women’s, also estimation of (glucose, and lipid)profil). the study included (90) pregnant women divided to three groups (1st semester, second semester, andtrimester) (30) women for each group. Also the study included (30) non infected women with (GDM). Theresults showed significant increase of leptin, and adropin(p?0.05) in first semester comparative with secondand third semester and control group. There was significant decrease of melatonin in GDM comparative tocontrol group. The level of lipid profile elevated in (GDM) comparative to non.
In COM we trust: Feasibility of USB-based event marking
Authors: Appelhoff Stefan , Stenner Tristan
Published: April 2021

Modern experimental research often relies on the synchronization of different events prior to data analysis. One way of achieving synchronization involves marking distinct events with electrical pulses (event markers or “TTL pulses”), which are continuously recorded with research hardware, and can later be temporally aligned. Traditionally, this event marking was often performed using the parallel port in standard personal computers. However, the parallel port is disappearing from the landscape of computer hardware, being replaced by a serial (COM) port, namely the USB port. To find an adequate replacement for the parallel port, we evaluated four microcontroller units (MCUs) and the LabJack U3, an often-used USB data acquisition device, in terms of their latency and jitter for sending event markers in a simulated experiment on both Windows and Linux. Our results show that all four MCUs were comparable to the parallel port in terms of both latency and jitter, and consistently achieved latencies under 1 ms. With some caveats, the LabJack U3 can also achieve comparable latencies. In addition to the collected data, we share extensive documentation on how to build and use MCUs for event marking, including code examples. MCUs are a cost-effective, flexible, and performant replacement for the disappearing parallel port, enabling event marking and synchronization of data streams.
Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO3 nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing
Authors: Simon Ilka , Savitsky Alexandr , Mülhaupt Rolf , Pankov Vladimir , Janiak Christoph
Published: April 2021

We report for the first time the combination of WO3 sensing elements with a non-noble metal–carbon composite, namely a nickel metal nanoparticle–carbon composite (Ni@rGO). Previous work with WO3 had used either NiO (as part of the WO3 lattice), solely carbon, Pd-surface decorated WO3 (Pd@WO3), or Pd or Pt@carbon@WO3. We demonstrate the gas response for pure WO3, rGO/WO3 and Ni@rGO/WO3 sensing elements towards NO2 and acetone in air as well as towards CO in N2. The addition of 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO composite to WO3 enables the increase of the sensory response by more than 1.6 times for NO2 vapors. The gas response towards acetone using 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO/WO3 composite was 1.5 times greater for 3500 ppm than for 35,000 ppm acetone. For 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO/WO3 composite and CO gas, a response time (Tres) of 7 min and a recovery time (Trec) of 2 min was determined.
Solidaritas Sosial Pedagang Kaki Lima terhadap Tingkah Laku Konsumen di D.I Yogyakarta
Authors: Hendra Djaja
Published: April 2021

The presence of street vendors in Indonesia sometimes quiet disturbing especially for pedestrian and the motorist. However, they are also needed by the housewives to buy to rather than going to the market, supermarket or mall just to buy few things or only for a walk. Usually the street vendors had actually had place by the policy of the local government, however, maybe because of the little people know or with some other reason, the available places sometimes are left unused. The research is done towards 20 respondents with qualitative study. The method used is the phenomethologist.  The result of the research gotten are as follow: First, most of the respondents come from Tegal city, approaching another big cities in Java, second, most of the local citizens search for additional income from that place; third, generally the things prepared are fast food; generally the sellers from outside of the region go with their own vehicle and using pushed carriage for the local citizen.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata di Dusun Plempoh, Desa Bokoharjo, Kecamatan Prambanan, Kabupaten Sleman, D.I Yogyakarta
Authors: Ma’arif Bilal , Syakdiah Syakdiah , Anggraini Oktiva
Published: April 2021

Community empowerment is basically an effort to make people able to actualize themselves in managing the cultural environment that is around them and fulfill their needs independently without dependence on other parties. In relation to cultural heritage, empowerment activities depart from the basic concept that the management of a cultural heritage needs to pay attention to its important value or social significance. In other words, the extent to which a cultural preservation is socially meaningful for its people. The process of empowering the Tourism Village in Plempoh Hamlet, Bokoharjo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. At the beginning of the program, the community awareness stage was carried out by pioneers of village empowerment with makeshift funds and there was no guidance from government agencies. Before Pokdarwis was formed, it was previously called Plempoh Tourism Village in 2010. Only in 2015 did Pokdarwis Plempoh be formed. Efforts made in utilizing the potential and skills possessed for the initial pilot. To identify potential as well as constraints on community empowerment related to the availability of regional cultural resources. Mapping the needs and forms of empowerment programs tailored to the needs of the community and the availability of supporting resources. The initial approach taken was a community-oriented approach in its implementation realized through empowering the community around the site. Broadly speaking, there are four types of technical training held, namely batik training, souvenir making training, culinary training and tour guide training and the development of cultural tourism travel businesses.