bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHODS OF SOLUTION OF THE ADJUSTMENT OF A BLOCK OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION
Authors: Miles M. J.
Published: July 2010

This paper sets out the problem of the least‐square adjustment of a block of aerial triangulation by simultaneous solution of the normal equations and goes on to discuss two possible methods of solving the normal equations by an iterative process. In conclusion the article examines the advantages of an approximate iterative solution based on the peculiar regularity of an aerial triangulation.
THE WILLIAMSON F49 MARK 4 AIR SURVEY CAMERA
Authors: Odle J. E.
Published: July 2010

The camera is a further development of an existing type with greatly improved photogrammetric performance so that the photography can be used with first‐order plotting machines. A new lens provides minimal distortion, high resolution and greatly improved marginal illumination. An entirely new shutter provides high speeds and efficiency. Laboratory results and preliminary survey trials indicate image quality and location standards of the same order as established existing cameras.
REVIEW OF METHODS OF INDEPENDENT MODEL AERIAL TRIANGULATION
Authors: Thompson E. H.
Published: July 2010

This paper gives a summary of the methods that have been used for independent model aerial triangulation. A modification of one of the methods is proposed and the paper concludes with a comparison of the independent model with the classical method of triangulation.
RELATIVE ORIENTATION
Authors: Mroz A.
Published: July 2010

This paper gives convenient formulae for numerical relative orientation for use with instruments in which the Y‐parallax may be accurately measured.
THE USE OF AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTS IN THE DETERMINATION OF ABSOLUTE ORIENTATION ELEMENTS
Authors: SCHERMERHORN W.
Published: July 2010

This paper outlines the history of the development of various auxiliary instruments which can help in the determination of the elements of absolute orientation. The recent work of Dr. H. G. Jerie on height precision is summarised and results of tests carried out with air photography linked to auxiliary instrumental data are presented.
APPLICATIONS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY IN LAND SYSTEM MAPPING
Authors: Bawden M. P.
Published: July 2010

Land systems are patterns of landscape recognised on aerial photographs and mapped to define areas of similar terrain with a similar environment. Breaks of slope often form the major boundaries both between and within land systems. They can be usefully mapped from aerial photographs even if their significance can only be deduced after ground investigation. Many of the characteristics of land systems can be appreciated from aerial photographs and measurements made on the photographs can improve their quantitative description.
THE ANALYTICAL ORIENTATION OF A LUNAR MODEL
Authors: Proctor D. W.
Published: July 2010

An analytical relative orientation of a stereo‐pair of photographs was computed in an unusual system of co‐ordinates. The disparity in the widely mismatched photographs, their tilts and narrow angles subtended resulted in a rather weak solution from which sections of the lunar surface have been plotted. The results were not good but were better than expected. The main outcome of the work is a, probably unique, demonstration of the versatility of analytical photogrammetry.
THE HEIGHT ADJUSTMENT OF A SINGLE STRIP
Authors: Jeyapalan K.
Published: July 2010

This note represents an extension of some earlier work on the plan adjustment of a fully controlled strip (Thompson, 1967). A similar method was developed for the height adjustment. Unlike other adjustment methods using polynomials, both plan and height adjustment formulae are very simple, so that adjustment can be rapidly carried out by hand computation.
An Australian View
Authors: Benson M. L. , Sims W. G. , Hildebrandt G. , Kenneweg H.
Published: July 2010

There appears to be some confusion as to the behaviour of false colour film when used for photo‐interpretation in forestry studies. The authors, working in Australia, call for a critical examination of the value of this film type. Their plea has prompted a statement, based on European experience, which forms the second section of the paper.
ANALYTICAL AERIAL TRIANGULATION WITH ANGULAR MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Wood R.
Published: July 2010

In recent years interest has been increasing in the use of measurements from single photographs for analytical work. A monocular instrument based on the theodolite is described, together with preliminary test results.
DETERMINING AND PRESENTING THE THIRD DIMENSION OF A CITY CENTRE: A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC APPROACH
Authors: Lo C. P.
Published: July 2010

The heights of buildings in the city centre of Glasgow have been measured by photogrammetric methods. A comparison of the heighting accuracy with ground checks obtained by the use of a reducing telemeter indicates the possibilities of achieving accurate results by means of photogrammetric instruments and methods. An attempt to present the third dimension of the city on paper has also been made with the Stereosimplex He and the Perspektomat coupled together to form a drawing system. It is hoped that this approach can be further developed so that it will be of use to town planners, urban geographers and others with an interest in the rapid collection of accurate data about cities.
REMINISCENCES OF A ROVING PHOTOGRAMMETRIST
Authors: Rogers R. T. L.
Published: July 2010

The author reminisces upon a career of almost 40 years as a practising surveyor photogrammetrist, both as a Royal Engineer officer and as a director of a commercial survey organisation. The reminiscences include service with the Survey of India, war time operations in the Middle East and South East Asia Command, and commercial surveys of all types in developing countries. Professional service with international surveying and photogrammetric organisations is also mentioned, with particular reference to the fraternal aspects of international photogrammetry.
POINT TRANSFER FROM ONE PHOTOGRAPH TO ANOTHER
Authors: Eden J. A.
Published: July 2010

Experiments are described which compare point transfer from one photograph to another by stereoscopic and non‐stereoscopic procedures. It is shown that, whereas it may be possible to achieve very high accuracies by both methods, the former method is more dependent for its accuracy on a high observer skill and is also more prone to occasional mistakes in identification.
THE DETERMINATION OF INTERIOR ORIENTATION ELEMENTS OF CLOSE RANGE CAMERAS WITHOUT CONTROL POINTS
Authors: Bhatti M. S.
Published: July 2010

A novel method of calibration of non‐topographic cameras is described, involving a simple three dimensional test object for photography at short object distances. The position of the camera with respect to the test object is resected at the same time as the computation of values of the interior orientation elements.
ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY APPLIED TO THE PLANNING OF STONEHOUSE NEW TOWN
Authors: Clark W. A. S. , Richardson F. A. B. , Draffan D.
Published: July 2010

Distinct benefits have been obtained from the use of orthophotography in the initial planning of Scotland's sixth new town, to be located at Stonehouse, 29 km south east of Glasgow, due to a comprehensive approach to the mapping requirements. This paper discusses some of the details of the orthophotomapping project.

L'orthophotographie s'est révélée d'un usage fort intéressant pour les études d'implantation de la sixième ville nouvelle d'Écosse (Stonehouse, 29 km au S.E. de Glasgow). On discute quelques aspects du projet d'orthophotoplan.

Deutliche Vorteile ergaben sich aus der Anwendung der Differentialent‐zerrung bei der Vorplanung für Schottlands 6. neue Stadt, die in der Nähe von Stonehouse, 29 km südöstlich von Glasgow liegen soll, infolge der umfassenden Befriedigung der Anforderungen an die Kartenherstellung. Im Artikel werden einige Details des Orthophotokarten‐Projektes diskutiert.
AN EXPERIMENT IN MULTISPECTRAL AIR PHOTOGRAPHY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Hampton J. N.
Published: July 2010

The recognition of subsurface soil disturbances that have no surviving surface displacement often depends on an anomalous growth of the crop that overlies them. These disturbances are sometimes evidences of man's past activities. The very slight differentials of colour and height in growing crops are frequently difficult to record through a normal film and filter combination. In order to test the capacity of the multispectral technique, a four camera sensor was flown over archaeological sites in central southern England in the summer of 1970. Known sites were used in various geological settings, producing growth marks of differing characteristics. The sensor included the near infrared and this showed distinct advantages at the early stages of cereal growth.
HENRY GEORGES FOURCADE
Authors: Adams L. P.
Published: July 2010

This paper gives an account of the life of Dr. H. G. Fourcade and describes his pioneer photogrammetric achievements.

Biographie du Dr. H. G. Fourcade; description de ses recherches en matière de photogrammétrie.

Im Artikel wird ein Bericht über das Leben von Dr. H. G. Fourcade und seine Pionierleistungen auf dem Gebiet der Photogrammetrie gegeben.
MULTIBAND PHOTOGRAPHY FOR SOIL SURVEY IN BRECKLAND, EAST ANGLIA
Authors: Evans R.
Published: July 2010

In late May/early June and mid‐July 1971, panchromatic and multiband photographs were taken of a locality in Breckland, East Anglia. Panchromatic and red waveband photographs are of similar value for interpreting and mapping soils and are far superior to photographs exposed to the blue and the green wavebands. Photographs exposed in July are more useful than those exposed in June but are best taken in March and April when most land has been ploughed. In July, near infrared photographs emphasise differences in growth within crops which are related to differences in depth of sand over sand‐chalk drift. The multiband signature technique appears to have little application for soil mapping and classification but further investigation is needed, particularly in the field, of those factors which govern image response.

Fin mai, début juin, et à la mi‐juillet 1971 ont été prises des photos panchromatiques et multicanales d'une localité située dans le Breckland (est de l'Angleterre). On a constaté que les photographies panchromatiques et celles prises dans la bande rouge étaient d'un interêt égal quant à l'identification de la nature des sols et à leur cartographie; il n'en n'est pas de même pour celles prises dans les bandes bleues et vertes qui leur sont dans ce type d'étude très inférieures. La prise de vue doit être effectuée en juillet, de préférence, en juin, mats mieux encore en mars et avril après les labours. Les prises de vues de juillet en proche infra‐rouge mettent en évidence les différences de hauteurs des moissons dues aux variations de l'épaisseur de la couche superficielle de sable du bane sable‐craie. Les prises de vue en plusieurs canaux et les techniques d'exploitation actuelles ne semblent pas d'un très grand intérêt pour la cartographie et la classification des sols, du moins tant que n'auront pas été accomplis des progrès décisifs dans l'étude des facteurs qui induisent la réponse‐image.

Ende Mai, Anfang Juni und Mitte Juli 1971 wurden panchromatische und multispektrale Photos eines Gebietes in Breckland, Ostanglia, aufgenommen. Panchromatische und infrarote Bilder sind für die Interpretation und Kartierung etwa gleichbedeutend und Aufnahmen im blauen und grünen Bereich des Spektrums weit überlegen. Die im Juli aufgenommenen Bilder sind gegenüber den Junibildern günstiger, aber am besten sind Aufnahmen im März und April, wenn das meiste Ackerland gepflügt wird. Im Juli werden durch Infrarotphotos Wachstumsdifferenzen bei Cetreide sichtbar gemacht, die aus Tiefenunterschieden des Sandes über Kalksandschichten resultieren. Die multispektrale Aufzeichnung scheint für die Kartierung und Klassifizierung von Boden geringe Bedeutung zu haben, jedoch sind weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich, besonders hinsichtlich der Faktoren, die die Bildaufzeichnung beeinflussen.
CONVERGENCE
Authors: Thompson E. H.
Published: July 2010

This paper draws attention to several effects of convergence in photogrammetry.

De certains effets de la convergence en photogrammétrie.

In dem Artikel wird die Aufmerksamkeit auf einige Effekte der Konvergenz in der Photogrammetrie gelenkt.
CONTROL FOR AERIAL TRIANGULATION
Authors: Newby P. R. T.
Published: July 2010

The article describes an experiment in which a production block of aerial triangulation, observed by the method of independent models, was repeatedly computed using differing amounts and configurations of control. The block was recomputed to investigate the effects of control errors, of dispensing with the tie strips and of applying different weights to control and tie points. The connexion between the quality of the join of individual models and that of the adjusted block was also investigated.

On décrit une série d'essais effectués sur un bloc de production de triangulation aérienne analytique traité par la méthode des modèles indépendants, destinés àétudier l'influence du nombre et de la configuration des points du canevas d'appui, l'effet d'erreurs sur les points d'appui, l'effet des bandes transversales, et du choix des poids pour les points d'appui et de liaison. On a aussi examiné la corrélation entre la qualityé de l'enchaînement des modèles individuels et celle du bloc compensé.

Beschreibung eines Versuchs, bei dem ein Aerotriangulationsblock aus der Produktion, der nach der Methode der unabhängigen Bildpaare beobachtet worden war, wiederholt bei verschiedenen Anzahlen und Anordnungen von Passpunkten berechnet wurde. Die Berechnungen erfolgten zur Abschätzung der Einflüsse von Passpunktfehlern. Weiter wurde der Anschluss zu Nachbarstreifen und die Anwendung verschiedener Gewichte für Pass‐ und Verbindungspunkte untersucht. Desgleichen wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen der Qualität des Zusammenschlusses einzelner Modelle und der des ausgeglichenen Blockes untersucht.
TOWARDS AN ULTIMATE SOLUTION FOR BRITISH AERIAL TRIANGULATION
Authors: Macdonald A. S.
Published: July 2010

The author reviews the present state of aerial triangulation methods and outlines the requirements for future research which were suggested at the symposium of Commission III of the International Society for Photogrammetry in 1974. He maintains that none of these research topics is very relevant to aerial triangulation as it is practised in Britain today. A combination of complacency, the natural inertia imposed by economic arguments and the higher priorities accorded to younger developments such as automated cartography is conspiring to prevent replacement of adequate but out‐dated methods. He considers that there are nevertheless, strong arguments for selecting a newly designed, optimum, modern system, based on a modular approach, which can be introduced on a national basis and made fully available to all interested organisations.

Revue de l'état actuel des méthodes de triangulation aérienne et rappel des voies de recherches recommandées au symposium de la Commission III de la SIP en 1974. Aucune de ces voies n'a malheureusement de rapport avec ce qui est actuellement pratiqué en Grande Bretagne en matière de triangulation aérienne. Une certaine complaisance, mêlée à une inertie assez naturelle due à des raisons économiques et à la plus grande priorité accordée à des domaines plus neufs comme la cartographie automatique, a perpétué l'emploi des méthodes pertinentes mais désuètes. L'auteur pense qu'il y a de puissants arguments pour qu'on choisisse et mette en oeuvre une méthode moderne, avec approche modulaire dont l'emploi se ferait à l'échelle nationale et à laquelle tout organisme intéressé pourrait recourir.

Der Autor referiert über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Verfahren der Aerotriangulation und skizziert die Anforderungen für künftige Forschungs‐arbeiten, die auf dem Symposium der Kommission III der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Photogrammetrie 1974 vorgeschlagen wurden. Er bekräftigt, dass keiner dieser Forschungsgegenstände bezüglich der gegenwärtig in Grossbritannien praktizierten Aerotriangulation relevant ist. Eine Kombination von Selbstzufriedenheit, natürlicher Beschränkung infolge ökonomischer Argumente und der höheren Prioritäten wegen der neueren Entwicklungen z.B. in der automatischen Kartographie verhindert den Ersatz passender, aber unmoderner Verfahren. Der Autor ist der Meinung, dass es trotzdem starke Argumente zur Auswahl eines neuen optimalen, modernen Systems gibt, das auf dem Bausteinprinzip beruht und das auf nationaler Grundlage eingeführt und allen interessierten Organisationen zugänglich gemacht werden kann.
DETERMINING THE KINEMATICS OF FALLING HAILSTONES USING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS WITH IMPRECISELY ALIGNED CAMERAS
Authors: Beattie A. G. , Lozowski E. P.
Published: July 2010

Stereophotography with a pair of 35 mm cameras and stroboscopic illumination was used to record, reconstruct and measure the trajectories of falling hailstones under extremely adverse natural conditions. Since it was not possible either to fix or to measure precisely the camera positions and orientations, a method was devised to obtain both the three dimensional hailstone co‐ordinates and the camera positions and orientations by making use of the otherwise redundant information contained in the stereo‐photography.

On a utilisé deux cameras de 35 mm et un éclairage stroboscopique pour enregistrer en vue de leurs restitutions les trajectoires de grêlons; ceci n'a pu être réalisé que dans des conditions difficiles. Comme il n'était pas possible de stabiliser les cameras et de déterminer les coordonnées des points de station, on a mis au point une méthode spéciale.

Die Stereophotographie mit einem Paar von 35 mm Kameras und stroboskopischer Beleuchtung wurde angewendet, um die Kurven fallender Hagelkörner unter extrem von den natürlichen abweichenden Bedingungen zu registrieren, rekonstruieren und zu vermessen. Da es nicht möglich war, die Kammerstandpunkte und ‐orientierungen zu fixieren oder exakt zu vermessen, wurde ein Verfahren abgeleitet, um sowohl die dreidimensionalen Koordinaten der Hagelkörner als auch die Kammerparameter durch Verwendung der durch die Stereophotos gelieferten redundanten Informationen zu erhalten.
A BIOGRAPHICAL TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR E. H. THOMPSON
Authors: Atkinson K. B.
Published: July 2010

The author attempts to portray some of the many facets of E. H. Thompson: soldier and scholar; scientist and connoisseur of the arts; inventor and teacher. A final assessment of this great photogrammetrist must await the passage of time.

On tente ici de donner une idée du personnage à multiples facettes que fut E. H. Thompson: soldat et homme de pensée; savant et amateur d'art; créateur et enseignant. Mais il est encore trop tot pour dresser le bilan de ce que lui doit la photogrammétrie.

Der Autor versucht, einige der vielen Charakterzüge von E. H. Thompson zu skizzieren; Soldat und Schüler, Wissenschaftler und Kenner der Künste, Erfinder und Lehrer. Eine abschliessende Würdigung dieses grossen Photogrammeters muss der Folgezeit überlassen werden.
DEVELOPMENT OF A GROUND OBSERVATION SYSTEM IN RELATION TO AIR PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Lee Williams T. H. , Curtis L. F.
Published: July 2010

The development of remote sensing techniques for land use studies is briefly reviewed and some problems of interpretation of aerial and satellite photography considered. The need for a ground based data collection system is indicated and a prototype system developed at the University of Bristol is described. Some preliminary results obtained with this system are presented.

On passe en revue les progrès des techniques de télédétection en matière d'étude des sols et on examine certains problèmes d'interprétation des photographies aériennes et satellitaires. On insiste sur la nécessite d'établir une banque de données pour l'interprétation; on décrit le prototype qu'on met au point à l'université de Bristol, et certains résultats qu'il a déjà permis d'obtenir.

Die Entwicklung der Fernerkundungsverfahren für Landnutzungsstudien wird kurz eingeschätzt und einige Probleme der Interpretation von Luftbildern und Satellitenphotos werden analysiert. Dabei wird die Notwendigkeit zur Schaffung eines Datenerfassungssystems im Gelände aufgezeigt und ein Prototyp eines solchen Systems, das an der Universität Bristol entwickelt wurde, beschrieben. Einige hiermit erhaltene vorläufige Ergebnisse werden angegeben.
PROBLEMS IN OVERSEAS PHOTOGRAPHIC MISSIONS
Authors: French R. J.
Published: July 2010

The factors which must be considered when carrying out an overseas photographic mission are examined. The influence of parameters, such as weather conditions, availability of fuel and oxygen, maps and operational difficulties, on the costing and execution of projects is reviewed. Specific examples are given of problems which have arisen in practice.

On passe en revue les problèmes posés par les missions photographiques outre‐mer: conditions météorologiques, ravitaillement en carburant et oxygène, et autres difficultés qui pèsent sur le prix de revient et l'exécution des projets; on cite des cas concrets.

Prüfung der bei Luftaufnahmen in Übersee zu beachtenden Faktoren. Der Einfluss solcher Parameter wie zum Beispiel Wetterbedingungen, Verfügbarkeit von Kraft‐ und Sauerstoff, die Schwierigkeiten mit Kart en und beim Bildflug auf die Kosten und die Ausführung des Projektes werden betrachtet. Angabe spezifischer Beispiele, die in der Praxis aufgetreten sind.
THE MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING EXPERIMENT FOR SPACELAB 1
Authors: Haskell A.
Published: July 2010

This paper describes the Microwave Remote Sensing Experiment (MRSE) for Spacelab in the context of other microwave remote sensing developments. It includes an account of the objectives of the MRSE project, a brief description of the hardware and a description of the operational plan and of the types of data that will be delivered to the experimenters. Details of the work that is planned to be carried out at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, using the MRSE facility are given as an example of the type of work that can be contemplated using MRSE.

On décrit une expérience de télédéction par ondes micrométriques (projet MRSE), en vue de l'application au satellite Spacelab. On donne les buts, une description du matériel, du fonctionnement, et des types de données qui seront offerts aux utilisateurs; et en exemple ce qui est fait en ce domaine au Royal Aircraft Establishment (Farnborough).

Beschreibung eines Fernerkundungsexperiments mit Mikrowellen (MRSE) für das Spacelab‐Unternehmen im Zusammenhang mit anderen Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Fernerkundung. Bericht über die Zielstel‐lung des MRSE‐Projektes, kurze Beschreibung der hardware und des Operationsplanes sowie der Datentypen, die erhalten werden. Details der Arbeit, die beim Royal Aircraft Establishment in Farnborough ausgeführt werden soll, werden angegeben, um ein Beispiel für die mit Hilfe des MRSE‐Systems möglichen Ergebnisse zu skizzieren.
OPTIMUM LEAST SQUARES INTERPOLATION FOR DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELS
Authors: Ayeni O. O.
Published: July 2010

The concept of optimum interpolation is briefly explained. The use of polynomial and non‐polynomial stepwise regression for obtaining optimum or near optimum interpolation is illustrated. Least squares collocation is presented as an advanced method for optimising stepwise regression whenever the latter does not achieve desired optimum interpolation for given terrain. A Fortran IV program, written to illustrate an optimum interpolation algorithm using stepwise regression and collocation, is found to produce better results than existing interpolation methods. Other applications of such an algorithm are also discussed.

On expose brièvement le concept d'interpolation optimale, ainsi que les méthodes d'approximation polynomials ou autres qui permettent de la réaliser localement au mieux. On présente la collocation comme une méthode permettant de parachever l'interpolation; on a trouvé effectivement, avec un programme écrit en Fortran IV, que les résultats obtenus ainsi étaient meilleurs. On envisage aussi d'autre types d'applications de cet algorithme.

Kurze Erläuterung des Begriffs der optimalen Interpolation. Skizzierung der Anwendung von schrittweiser Regression mit Hilfe von Polynomen oder anderen Verfahren zur Ermittlung optimaler oder genähert optimaler Inter‐polationen. Die Kollokation nach kleinsten Quadraten wird als verbesserte Methode zur Optimierung der schrittweisen Regression dargestellt, wenngleich letztere keine optimale Interpolation für ein gegebenes Gelände liefert. Ein Rechenprogramm in Fortran IV, das zur Veranschaulichung eines optimalen Interpolations‐Algorithmus mit Hilfe der schrittweisen Regression und Kollokation geschrieben wurde, lieferte bessere Ergebnisse als vorhandene Interpolationsmethoden. Andere Anwendungen eines solchen Algorithmus werden ebenfalls erörtert.
SPECIFICATION FOR VERTICAL AIR PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Scott L. , English J. S. , Lewry D. , Mott P. G. , O'Brien C. I. M.
Published: July 2010

Following discussions which were held at the International Congress of Photogrammetry in 1976, an attempt has been made to produce a standard document which could form part of every international tender for air survey photography. A draft version of the specification, prepared by the British Air Survey Association, provided the basis for the discussion at a Technical Meeting of the Photogrammetric Society. The revised version of the specification printed here incorporates amendments arising from comments made both at that meeting and received from other sources.

A la suite de discussions qui eurent lieu au Congrés International de Photogrammétrie en 1976, on a fait un essai de production d'un document‐standard qui pourrait faire partie de toute soumission internationale de levé aérophotogrammétrique. Une première version de la spécification, préparée par l'Association Britannique de levés aérophotogrammétriques, servit de fondations à la discussion d'une réunion de la Societé Photogram‐métrique. La version revue de la spécification imprimée ici comprend les commentaires faits à cette reunion et recus ailleurs.

Im Anschluss an auf dem Internationalen Kongress für Photogrammetrie im Jahre 1976 geführte Diskussionen wurde der Versuch gemacht, ein Standarddokument zu erarbeiten, das Bestandteil jedes internationalen Angebots für Luftbildaufnahmen sein könnte. Ein Entwurf der Anforderungen, die von der British Air Survey Association erarbeitet wurden, bildete die Diskussionsgrundlage auf der Versammlung der Photogrammetric Society. Die hier wiedergegebenen überarbeiteten Anforderungen enthalten sowohl die auf der Versammlung als auch die aus anderen Quellen erhaltenen Kommentare.
E. H. THOMPSON AND ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Proctor D. W.
Published: July 2010

This paper considers a few aspects of the influence which Professor E. H. Thompson had upon the development of analytical techniques in photogrammetry, a field in which he was a prolific leader. The writer gives a purely personal view of Thompson's influence on his own studies, mainly in analytical aerial triangulation, over the period of their association.

Cette communication considère quelques aspects de l'influence qu'eut le professeur E. H. Thompson sur le developpement des techniques analytiques en photogrammétrie, un domaine dans lequel il fut un leader proliphique. L'auteur donne une vue purement personnelle de l'influence de Thompson sur ses propres études, en particulier sur la triangulation aérienne analytique, au cours de leur association.

Im Beitrag werden einige wenige Gesichtspunkte bezüglich des Einflusses, den Prof. E. H. Thompson auf die Entwicklung analytischer Verfahren in der Photogrammetrie ausübte, einem Gebiet auf dent er eine herausragende Persönlichkeit war, erörtert. Dabei wird eine rein persönliche Ansicht bezüglich des Einflusses von Thompson auf die Arbeiten des Autors wiedergegeben, insbesondere in der analytischen Aerotriangulation während der Zeit, wo sie gemeinsam gearbeitet haben.
CARTOGRAPHIC POSSIBILITIES OF THE SPOT AND SPACELAB PROJECTS
Authors: Ducher G.
Published: July 2010

A comparison is made between the specifications for the SPOT and Spacelab projects and forecasts are given concerning the mapping capabilities of the products of both of these projects. Research into certain aspects of SPOT and Spacelab is being undertaken at the Institut Géographique National, Paris. Suggestions are given for several improvements which might increase the efficiency and heighting accuracy of similar projects and considerable future expansion of mapping from space is predicted.

On compare les spécifications des projets SPOT et Spacelab et leurs éventuelles applications à la cartographie. Des recherches à ce sujet sont actuellement en cours à l'IGN, Paris. On fait quelques propositions qui pourraient amélorer l'exactitude altimérique des restitutions d'images. On prédit un avenir considérable à la cartographie satellitaire.

Vergleich der Anforderungen für die Weltraumprojekte SPOT und Spacelab sowie Vorhersage der Leistungsfähigkeit beider in bezug auf die Kartenherstellung. Bestimmte Aspekte beider Projekte werden am IGN in Paris erforscht. Es werden einige Vorschläge zur Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit und zur Verbesserung der Höhenauswertegenauigkeit für künftig ähnliche Projekte gemacht. Für die Zukunft wird eine Zunahme der Kartenherstellung aus dem Weltraum vorhergesagt.
A SIMPLE CO‐ORDINATOMETER FOR 35mm NEGATIVES
Authors: Georgopoulos A. C.
Published: July 2010

The modification of a travelling microscope to measure X and Y co‐ordinates on 35 mm negatives is described. The results of the calibration and of some test measurements are also summarised.

On décrit la modification à un microscope apportée pour lui permettre de mesurer des coordonnées en X et Y sur un film 35 mm. Resultats d'étalonnage et tests.

Beschreibung der Veränderungen an einem Reisemikroskop, um die x‐ und y‐Koordinaten auf 35 mm Negativen messen zu können. Zusammenfassung der Kalibrierungsergebnisse und Angabe einiger Testresultate.
SEMI‐AUTOMATIC ANALYSIS OF SMALL FORMAT PHOTOGRAPHY FOR TRAFFIC STUDIES AT COMPLEX INTERSECTIONS
Authors: Mountain L. J. , Garner J. B.
Published: July 2010

It has been recognised for many years that photographic methods of traffic data collection can overcome many of the problems associated with more traditional methods, particularly with regard to the substantial reduction in manpower requirements achieved, the comprehensive nature of the data which may be obtained and the permanent record provided of these data. Against these advantages, the major drawbacks are the expense involved in obtaining suitable photographic coverage and the time consuming operation of collecting the data from the photography.

The problems of obtaining photographic coverage have been considered in an earlier paper (Garner and Mountain, 1978a) and recommendations made regarding the most suitable type of photography for analysis of traffic flow data at complex urban and suburban intersections. This paper concentrates, therefore, on the second problem, namely that of extracting the required data from the photographs. The technique described involves the use of a co‐ordinate reader to obtain the two dimensional co‐ordinates of vehicles on successive frames, a coordinate transformation system to convert photographic co‐ordinates to ground coordinates and, finally, a computer based co‐ordinate matching technique.

On sait depuis plusieurs années que l'application de la photogrammétrie aux études sur la circulation urbaine, peut être fort avantageuse: réduction de personnel, diversité des données obtenues, actualisation facile des fichiers. Un obstacle à leur diffusion cependant: le coût de la prise de vue et la lenteur de l'extraction des données.

Le problème de la prise de vue a déjà donné lieu à un article (Garner et Mountain, 1978a). Celui‐ci décrit des méthodes d'exploitation: on use d'un lecteur de coordonnées pour mesurer les coordonnées bi‐dimensionnelles des véhicules sur les clichés et d'une transformation menant à un système cartographique.

Seit vielen Jahren ist bekannt, dassfotografische Verfahren zur Erfassung von Verkehrsdaten rationeller sind als traditionelle Methoden, insbesondere was die Einsparung an Arbeitszeit, die Datendichte und die kontinuierliche Aufzeichnung betrifft. Dagegen sprechen die erhöhten Kostenfür die fotografische Aufnahme und die zeitaufwendige Datenentanahme aus Bildern.

Die Probleme der fotografischen Aufnahme wurden bereits früher erörtert (Garner und Mountain, 1978a), und es wurden Empfehlungen für den günstigsten Aufnahmefall zur Analyse des Verkehrsflusses an komplexen Kreuzungen in Städten bzw. Vorortengegeben. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich daher auf das 2. Problem, die Gewinnung der geforderten Daten aus Fotos. Die beschriebene Technologie umfasst die Verwendung einer Koordinatenablesevonichtung zur Ermittlung der zweidimensionalen Koordinaten von Fahrzeugen auf aufeinanderfolgenden Bildern, ein Transformationssystem zur Umwandlung von Bild‐ in Geländekoordinaten und ein rechnergestütztes Aufzeichnungsverfahren.
THE EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RESEARCH (OEEPE)
Authors: Visser J.
Published: July 2010

Since the occasion of the Thompson Symposium in 1979, two new members have joined OEEPE. These are France and the United Kingdom. The possibility of membership had been considered by the UK over the last decade on more than one occasion but, for one good reason or another, no application had been made. In 1980, however, W. P. Smith (Director General, Ordnance Survey) circulated organisations and individuals who might be interested and received an almost unanimous expression of support for an application for membership. This was also in line with the Ordnance Survey's intent to increase its links with other organisations, both nationally and internationally. The Foreign Office agreed that the UK should apply for membership and this was done. The UK became a full member of OEEPE in time for the Oslo meeting of the Steering Committee in 1981.

There follows a background paper on the work of OEEPE and accounts of current OEEPE Commission activities.
THE POTENTIAL PITFALL OF CREATING HUMAN HARDWARE
Authors: Taft R. J.
Published: July 2010

The introduction of a digital system into a survey organisation must be accompanied by the active involvement of existing staff at all stages of the development. A brief description is given of the transition from manual output to computer assisted production at Geosurvey International Limited.

Pour introduire un système numérique dans une organisation effectuant des levés, il est nécessaire d'y impliquer activement le personnel en service quien suivra le développement dans toutes ses phases. Une courte description de la mutation qui a eu lieu à la Société Geosurvey International Limited où l'on est passé d'une phase de sortie manuelle à une production assistée par ordinateur, est donnée.

Die Einführung eines digitalen Systems in einen Vermessungsbetrieb muss mil einer umfassenden Vorbereitung des Personals in alien Entwicklungsphasen verbunden sein. Der Übergang von der manuellen Arbeitsweise zur rechnergestützten Produktion bei Geosurvey International Ltd. wird kurz beschrieben.
THE PHOTO‐RADIATION METHOD OF TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY: SOURCES OF ERROR, ACCURACIES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Collins B. J. , Madge B.
Published: July 2010

This paper analyses the factors affecting the accuracy of the photo‐radiation method of terrestrial photogrammetry which was devised and developed by the outhors whilst engaged in monitoring movement of material on beaches in South Wales . After a brief description of the process, a report is presented on the results of field tests in which distances and differences in level obtained by photo‐radiation, electromagnetic distancing, catenary taping and precise levelling are compared in an attempt to assess the accuracy obtainable using the photogrammetric technique . Thereafter, the field control, the photography and the restitution procedure are in turn examined to identify the chief sources of error . Indications are given of the possible further development of photo‐radiation, especially in the improvement of the restitution necessary to extend the application of the method for such purposes as the monitoring of ground movements and of structural deformations.
THE USE OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING FOR FORESTRY IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Thallon K.P. , Horne A. I. D.
Published: July 2010

The Forestry Commission needs information on the woodland cover of the country, both as general assessment of all ownerships for woodland census purposes and as detailed crop data on its own forest estate for management purposes. These survey requirements are outlined and the methods used for data collection are described, particular attention being given to the role of aerial survey. The development of a digital mapping system is also covered. Finally, the potential role of other remote sensing techniques and the trials currently in progress are discussed.
THE APY SYSTEM FOR ANALYTICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Yzerman H.
Published: July 2010

The new APY (Analytical Photogrammetry Yzerman) system is described and a detailed explanation is given of the principles involved. The APY depends on a unique modular design. A list of the straightforward operations required for its application in data compilation and revision is included.
ORTHOPHOTOGRAPHY FOR RURAL MAP REVISION
Authors: Mayes M. H. , Smith A. B.
Published: July 2010

The Ordnance Survey (OS) has recently investigated the potential of orthophotography for revision of 1:2500 scale mapping following advances in technology since an earlier investigation in 1973. The results have been compared with stereoplotting on an automated workstation. The background to the investigation and the existing revision methods used for rural areas are described. Orthophotography was produced on a Zeiss 22 Orthocomp at 1:2500 scale using digital height model data supplied from contours (at a 5 m vertical interval) on 1:10000 scale mapping. A pilot block of 20 km2 was revised at Kingsbridge, south Devon to assess three levels of revision (local fit, part remedial, and full remedial), using three techniques (orthophotograph overlay, Stereo‐orthophoto Plotter and stereoplotting instrument). The quality of the image of the orthophotographs was below that expected for rectified enlargements and the cost of orthophotograph production made the technique uneconomic compared with existing techniques. Orthophotographs were capable of improving the accuracy of revision mapping, but the most cost effective and accurate method was full remedial revision using a Kern PG2 automated workstation.
SOME PHOTOGRAMMETRIC EXPERIMENTS WITH DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Torleàrrd A. K. I.
Published: July 2010

Recent research involving photogrammetry applied to digital image processing at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm is described. Three particular aspects have been investigated. These concern ground control points for satellite imagery; digital matching of simulated SPOT images; and digital matching of images which have different perspectives. Future prospects of research and development in related topics are outlined.
SIMULTANEOUS CALIBRATION OF A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC STEREOPAIR
Authors: Wester‐Ebbinghaus W.
Published: July 2010

Procedures for the calibration of a stereopair simultaneously with a bundle adjustment are presented. Distances and directions in object space are used as additional observations. The analytical simultaneous calibration of a photogrammetric camera is essential when instrument methods do not determine the precalibrated parameters of interior orientation with sufficient accuracy.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE RANGE 300 MM TO 3000 MM: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN THE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY
Authors: Clayton R.
Published: July 2010

A review is provided of the techniques and applications of very close range photogrammetry to engineering measurements in the electricity supply industry. Starting from a definition of very close range photogrammetry by consideration of depth of field, the techniques of measurement in the range 300 mm to 3 m are discussed with an analysis of four practical examples; two examples relate to the confirmation of continued structural integrity of nuclear reactor components by remote photogrammetric measurement, one uses the technique for measuring creep stress for component life assessment and one uses it for the baseline measurements of insulation coverplates in a nuclear reactor pressure vessel. Emphasis is given to the mathematical modelling of the cameras employed and their subsequent calibration. The development of a universal calibration facility for all cameras working in this range is described.
MEDIUM AND SMALL FORMAT PHOTOGRAPHY FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF NATIONAL MAPPING
Authors: Murray K. J.
Published: July 2010

In order to realise the full potential of photogrammetry for national map revision, photographic acquisition lead times and, where possible, costs must be significantly reduced. In this paper a review of alternative platform and camera configurations is made and tests are undertaken utilising simulated data and medium format data taken from an existing project. The results suggest that the medium format camera and helicopter combination may have much to offer while the small format camera and microlight aircraft systems have yet to be developed into an effective data acquisition and map compilation system.
DETERMINING CYLINDRICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Feltham R. M.
Published: July 2010

The mathematics of fitting a mathematical cylindrical model to a set of three dimensional coordinates of arbitrary points on the surface of a cylindrical object are reviewed. The implementation of a computer program to obtain a solution using these mathematical techniques is discussed.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Collin R. L. , Chisholm N. W. T.
Published: July 2010

The broad requirements of the geomorphologist for original mapping are reviewed. The extent to which aerial photogrammetry can meet these requirements is exemplified through typical approaches and mapping products in fluvial, coastal and glacial specialisms.
INSTRUMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR MODERN MAP REVISION
Authors: Tait D. A.
Published: July 2010

An examination of the need for map revision and the methods currently used allows the identification of problems specific to this operation. It is suggested that many instruments, old and new, suitable for new map production do not solve the problems associated with map revision. The main characteristics of instruments designed for map revision in the future are outlined, with the suggestion that the time has now come for instruments to be designed specifically for the map revision task, rather than practitioners having to devise revision procedures to suit existing equipment.
TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING: THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION SURVEY
Authors: Stevens D. , McKay W. M. , May M. R.
Published: July 2010

Aerial photogrammetry, chosen to overcome access problems during the survey for the London Jubilee Line Extension, needed to achieve 1:200 scale accuracies. This paper discusses the survey methods employed and the effects of using quality procedures in a commercial environment.

On a choisi, pour les levés ďextension de la ligne du Jubilée de Londres, la photogrammétrie aérienne parce qu‘elle permettait de surmonter les problémes ďacces. La précision requise correspondait àľéchelle du 1:200. On examine dans cet article les méthodes de levé utilisées et les répercussions de ľemploi de procédures‐qualité dans un environnement commercial.

.Zusammenfassung

Die Aerophotogrammetrie, die aus Gründen der Zugänglichkeit während der Vermessung für die Erweiterung der Londoner Jubiläums‐Linie als Vermessungsverfahren ausgewählt wurde, muβte eine Genauig‐keit für den Kartenmaβstab 1:200 gewährleisten. Im Artikel werden die angewandten Meverfahren und die Einflüsse bei Nutzung von Qualitäts‐kontrollen aus der Sicht einer kommerziellen Umgebung diskutiert.
The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in marine deposits from the Oslofjord area
Authors: FEYLING‐HANSSEN ROLF W.
Published: July 2010

Feyling‐Hanssen, R. W.: The Pleistocene/Holocene boundary in marine deposits from the Oslofjord area. Boreas, Vol. 1, pp. 241–246. Oslo 1st September, 1972.

In marine deposits from the southern Oslofjord area in Norway the boundary between Holocene and Pleistocene is found within a formation characterized by Arctic species, the so‐called Yoldia Clay or zone A in the foraminiferal stratigraphy. The fossil assemblage on the Holocene side of the boundary is even poorer than that on the Pleistocene side, which is explained by the rapid Preboreal ice recession. The boundary is not conspicuously reflected in the faunas but still discernible and applicable.
Some Pleistocene periglacial problems in southern Africa
Authors: SPARROW GERALD W. A.
Published: July 2010

Amplification is made to some of Butzer's comments on various Pleistocene ‘periglacial’ phenomena in southern Africa. In particular, the ‘nivation’ cirques occurring above 2,000 m in the Drakensberg‐Lesotho upland are now thought to have been formed by a combination of frost‐shattering and solifluction wasting. Because of a gradational sequence from purely frost‐shattered forms in central Lesotho to pronounced cirques in the Drankensberg, a lateral palaeoclimatic variation is suggested with a somewhat higher precipitation in the latter area. This contention is supported by palaeosol evidence.
Rate and mode of retrogradation on rocky coasts in Victoria, Australia, and their relationship to sea level changes
Authors: GILL EDMUND D.
Published: July 2010

To understand how the present sea impresses a record of its level on the coast is a prerequisite for reading the records of past sea levels. A first approximation for mean rates of coastal retrogradation since the Flandrian Transgression on the microtidal, open ocean, Meditrerranean‐ climate coast of Western victoria is: (1) Penultimate Glacial basalt 0 cm/yr (no change in gross geometry in spite of quarrying and channel formation). (2)Last Interglacial aeolianite 4 cm/yr. (3) Lower Cretaceous arkose 0.9 cm/yr (4) Lower Cretaceous siltstone 1.75 cm/yr. The rates are so divergent that the record of sea level changes is impressed quite differently on these respective lithologies.
Late Pleistocene environmental changes indicated by fossil insect faunas of the English Midlands
Authors: MORGAN ANNE
Published: July 2010

Twenty‐five fossil insect assemblages are described from discrete lenses of or‐ganic material in a gravel sequence at Four Ashes. The youngest date of 30,500 years B.P. obtained on the organic materialhas confirmed that the till overlying the gravels is Late Devensian (Weichselian) in age. The analyses of the insect faunas have shown conclusively for the first time the existence of climatic changes in one geographic area during the Early and Middle Devensian in Britain. Some of the earliest insect faunas can be correlated with the Brorup Interstadial, when boreal forests existed in the English Midlands. It is suggested that a cold period prior to 43,000 years ago (but post‐Brorup) may have caused the elimination of the trees, because around 40,000 years ago the insects indicate that there was a rapid climatic amelioration when it was warm enough for trees to grow again in that area. Around 36,000 years ago there was another climatic deterioration when the thermophilous insect species were replaced by a large number of arctic stenotherms and a tundra type of environment. This cold period lasted for at least 6,000 years and probably became increasingly severe with the approach of the main Devensian ice advance sometime after 30,500 years B.P.
Studies on flow till in Denmark
Authors: MARCUSSEN IB
Published: July 2010

Profiles with till and stratified meltwater sediments have been examined. Structural and morphological conditions indicate a deposition of till in the same environment as the stratified sediments. The till is interpreted as flow till which originated from considerable amounts of supraglacial material.