bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paradigma Penerapan Prinsip Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Di Indonesia
Authors: Bakti Bakti , Sjafei M. Saleh
Published: September 2020

Paper ini untuk memberikan gambaran tentang landasan pemikiran penerapan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan untuk Indonesia, khususnya di bidang kehutanan. Pada satu sisi, tindakan negara periode pembangunan lima tahun lalu (2014-2019) hamper sepenuhnya mengadopsi konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan dari pengalaman negara-negara maju, yakni modernisasi melalui studi ilmiah. Pada disi lain, ternyata konsep modernisasi itu tidak dapat mengantisipasi implikasi pencapaian rasional yang bersifat sentralisme. Penelitian ini untuk memahami identifikasi pemerintah pusat dalam mengendalikan pihak-pihak yang terlibat pada kegiatan pembangunan dan meminta loyalitas mereka kepada pemerintah. Salah satu usulan yang diajukan sebagai hasil analisis penelitian ini adalah konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan berdasarkan kearifan lokal. Karakteristiknya mengacu pada kerangka-pikir komunal magis-makrokosmos menuju pada keseimbangan kosmos yang berbasis integratif. Hal itu dilandasi pertimbangan gangguan pada satu komponen makrokosmos dapat membawa gangguan pada keseimbangan alam secara keseluruhan. Keyakinan sadar masyarakat seperti itu menjadi fundasi penghormatan dan perlindungan keseimbangan alam sebagai bagian dari emanasi yang Ilahi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan pembangunan yang mengkombinasikan dua konsep, yakni konsep pembangunan dari negara maju dan konsep yang didasarkan pada kearifan lokal dapat menjadi landasan berpikir pembanguan yang berdimensi mutualitas.
General regularities in the development Gzhelian-Asselian conodonts
Authors: Chernykh V. V.
Published: September 2020

Subject of study. The features of the evolutionary changing of Gzhelian-Asselian conodonts are examined. Materials. The data on Ural and North American conodonts are used. Results. The cyclic type of change of the Pa-element morphology in the process of the evolutionary development of the representatives of the genus Streptognathodus is established. Morphological evolutionary trends of gradual development alternate with the periods of the rapid appearance of a group of the forms of original constitution. The species of this group are characterized by wide distribution and short lifetime. Such species are used as the markers of the boundaries of stratigraphic subdivisions. Lower boundary of Gzhelian is determined by the appearance of species of the group simulator; the species of group isolatus mark lower boundary of Asselian. Model of the ensemble evolution of the related species is used for explaining the directed change in the morphology of conodonts. The saltational appearance of the determined indication is explained by the phenomenon of evolutionary oscillations. Conclusion. We can make conclusion about the sexual multiplication of this group of the organisms according the established alternation of the periods of the slow and rapid morphological evolution of conodonts.
Impact of mepolizumab on exacerbations in severe asthma: Results from a U.S. insurance claims data base
Authors: Ortega Hector , Hahn Beth , Bogart Michael , Bell Christopher F. , Bancroft Tim , Chastek Benjamin , Llanos Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2020

Background: In controlled clinical studies, mepolizumab has been shown to reduce exacerbation rates and the use of oral corticosteroids as well as improve asthma control and health-related quality of life compared with placebo in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.
However, real-world data on the impact of mepolizumab on clinical outcomes are limited. Objective: To evaluate the effect of mepolizumab on asthma exacerbations and asthma exacerbation‐related costs in patients with severe asthma in U.S. clinical practice.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used U.S. administrative claims data from patients ages ≥12 years and with severe asthma at mepolizumab treatment initiation (index date; identification period, January 2015‐June 2017) who had received two or more mepolizumab administrations
within 180 days of the index date and had no evidence of treatment with another asthma biologic. The exacerbation rate and exacerbation-related costs were assessed in both the 12 months before mepolizumab initiation (baseline period) and the following 12 months (follow-up period). A clinical
trial‐like cohort was identified, defined as patients with two or more baseline exacerbations and ≥10 administrations during follow-up. Results: A total of 201 patients were included in the overall population and 74 patients in the clinical trial‐like cohort.
Mepolizumab significantly reduced the exacerbation rate between the baseline and follow-up periods in both the overall population and the clinical trial‐like cohort (p < 0.001), which corresponded to 33.6% and 48.6% reductions, respectively. The rate of exacerbations
in patients who required hospitalization between the baseline and follow-up periods was also reduced by 35.3% (p = 0.080) and 68.2% (p = 0.015) in the overall population and in the clinical trial‐like cohort, respectively. Cost data were inconclusive.
Conclusion: This study, which used real-world data, demonstrated that mepolizumab is associated with reductions in asthma exacerbations, in line with the findings from controlled clinical studies. These results provided further evidence of the effectiveness of mepolizumab in
a real-world setting.
Treg‐inducing capacity of genomic DNA of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis
Authors: Li Dongmei , Cheng Jie , Zhu Ziang , Catalfamo Marta , Goerlitz David , Lawless Oliver J. , Tallon Luke , Sadzewicz Lisa , Calderone Richard , Bellanti Joseph A.
Published: September 2020

Background: Allergic and autoimmune diseases comprise a group of inflammatory disorders caused by aberrant immune responses in which CD25+ forkhead box P3‐positive regulatory T cells (Treg) cells that normally suppress inflammatory events are often poorly
functioning. This has stimulated an intensive investigative effort to find ways of increasing Tregs as a method of therapy for these conditions. Commensal microbiota known to have health benefits in humans include the lactic acid‐producing, probiotic bacteria B. longum subsp.
infantis and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Mechanistically, several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how probiotics may favorably affect host immunity, including the induction of Tregs. Analysis of emerging data from several laboratories, including our own, suggest that DNA methylation
may be an important determinant of immune reactivity responsible for Treg induction. Although methylated CpG moieties in normal mammalian DNA are both noninflammatory and lack immunogenicity, unmethylated CpGs, found largely in microbial DNA, are immunostimulatory and display proinflammatory
properties. Objective: We hypothesize that microbiota with more DNA methylation may potentiate Treg induction to a greater degree than microbiota with a lower content of methylation. The purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis by studying the methylation
status of whole genomic DNA (gDNA) and the Treg-inducing capacity of purified gDNA in each of the probiotic bacteria B. longum subsp. infantis and L. rhamnosus, and a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain B. Results: We showed that gDNA from B. longum subsp. infantis
is a potent Treg inducer that displays a dose-dependent response pattern at a dose threshold of 20 µg of gDNA. No similar Treg-inducing responses were observed with the gDNA from L. rhamnosus or E. coli. We identified a unique CpG methylated motif in the gDNA sequencing of B. longum
subsp. infantis which was not found in L. rhamnosus or E. coli strain B. Conclusion: Although the literature indicates that both B. longum subsp. infantis and L. rhamnosus strains contribute to health, our data suggest that they do so by different mechanisms.
Further, because of its small molecular size, low cost, ease of synthesis, and unique Treg-inducing feature, this methylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) from B. longum would offer many attractive features for an ideal novel therapeutic vaccine candidate for the treatment of immunologic
diseases, such as the allergic and autoimmune disorders, in which Treg populations are diminished.
Food Allergy: Unproven diagnostics and therapeutics
Authors: Patterson Megan F. , Dorris Stacy L.
Published: September 2020

Food allergy or intolerance is often attributed by patients as the cause of many symptoms unknown to be directly related to food ingestion. For immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy, diagnostic modalities are currently limited to the combination of clinical history, evidence
of sensitization with food-specific IgE testing and skin-prick testing, and oral food challenge. Many patients find an appeal in the promise of identification of the etiology of their symptoms through alternative food allergy or intolerance diagnostic modalities. These patients may seek guidance
from allergists or their general providers as to the legitimacy of these tests or interpretation of results. These tests include food-specific serum IgG or IgG4 testing, flow cytometry to measure the change in leukocyte volume after exposure to food, intradermal or sublingual provocation-neutralization,
electrodermal testing, applied kinesiology, hair analysis, and iridology. In addition, there are some unconventional therapeutic modalities for adverse reactions to foods, including rotary diets. None of these have been supported by scientific evidence, and some even carry the risk of severe
adverse reactions. It is important that we offer our patients evidence-based, accurate counseling of these unproven modalities by understanding their methods, their paucity of credible scientific support, and their associated risks.
Classification of adverse food reactions
Authors: Cox Amanda L. , Sicherer Scott H.
Published: September 2020

Foods can induce adverse reactions by a variety of mechanisms. An understanding of the characteristic signs and symptoms and the related mechanisms of adverse food reactions allows the clinician to efficiently diagnose and treat patients. Adverse reactions to foods can be classified based on whether there is a nonimmunologic or immunologic basis for symptoms. Food intolerance, or a nonimmunologic reaction, includes a range of responses to foods that result primarily from an individual’s intrinsic inability to metabolize a component of the food,e.g., lactose sugar in dairy products. Other nonimmunologic adverse reactions may be attributed to food toxins or pharmacologic properties pharmacologic properties of foods themselves. Immunologic adverse reactions, in contrast, involve immune responses to food and are termed food allergy. Food allergy may further be categorized based on the underlying immunopathophysiology as immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated, non‐IgE mediated, or cell mediated. Some chronic allergic responses involve a combination of immune mechanisms. This review provides a general classification system for adverse food reactions and describes specific conditions.
Preferensi Petani terhadap Klon Kentang Balitsa Bahan Baku Olahan French Fries
Authors: Sembiring Asma , Adiyoga Witono
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui preferensi petani Purbalingga terhadap klon kentang bahan baku olahan french fries Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) Lembang. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Karangreja, Kabupaten Purbalingga Jawa Tengah pada bulan Juni hingga Desember 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah gabungan antara demplot klon kentang baku olahan french fries serta penelitian partisipatif petani. Tujuh klon kentang bahan baku olahan french fries Balitsa dan tiga pembandingnya ditanam di lapangan. Demplot ini kemudian diobservasi oleh 30 petani kentang pada saat panen. Responden diminta untuk menjawab kuisoner terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan produksi hasil, jumlah mata tunas, kedalaman mata tunas, ukuran umbi dan tampilan kentang secara keseluruhan, dari 10 klon/varietas kentang yang ditampilkan, petani menyukai klon kentang 66 Balitsa sebagai pilihan pertama untuk kentang french fries, diikuti oleh kentang Medians sebagai pilihan ke-2 dan Atlantik sebagai pilihan ke-3
THE DEBATE SURROUNDING GM CROPS IN SOUTH AMERICA AND ITS COVERAGE IN THE NEWSPAPERS CLARÍN AND FOLHA DE S. PAULO FROM 2016 – 2018
Authors: Azpíroz María Luisa
Published: September 2020

The cultivation and consumption of transgenic foods is a subject of global debate. Given that Argentina and Brazil are the world’s largest producers of genetically modified crops after the United States, this article aims to explore the international controversy surrounding GM crops and its coverage in leading newspapers in these two countries. It aims to verify whether the press exercised its social function as an independent observer or if other interests influenced its coverage. For this, it includes a deductive content analysis of Clarín and Folha de São Paulo’s coverage of GM crops from 2016 to 2018. It concludes that Clarín’s coverage was more clearly pro-transgenic than that of Folha de São Paulo, which could be attributed to greater presence of protransgenic sources at Clarín, in addition to historical and economic factors that could have influenced the way these newspapers covered transgenic topics.O cultivo e consumo de alimentos transgênicos é objeto de debate global. Tendo em vista que, depois dos Estados Unidos, Argentina e Brasil serem os maiores produtores mundiais de culturas geneticamente modificadas, este artigo tem como objetivo explorar a controvérsia internacional em torno das culturas GM e seu reflexo na comunicação dos principais jornais desses dois países. O objetivo é verificar se a imprensa exerceu a função social que lhe foi atribuída ou se atuou influenciada por outros interesses. Para isso, realiza uma análise do conteúdo do tipo dedutivo da cobertura de transgênicos dos jornais Clarín e Folha em S. Paulo, no período 2016–2018. Conclui-se que a comunicação de Clarín foi mais claramente pró-transgênica do que a Folha de S. Paulo, o que pode ser atribuído a maior presença de fontes pró-transgênicas em Clarín, além de fatores históricos e econômicos que podem influenciar as diferentes coberturas oferecido pelos dois jornais.El cultivo y consumo de alimentos transgénicos es objeto de debate a nivel global. Teniendo en cuenta que, tras Estados Unidos, Argentina y Brasil son los mayores productores mundiales de cultivos genéticamente modificados, este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar la polémica internacional en torno a los transgénicos y su reflejo en la comunicación de diarios líderes de estos dos países. Se busca comprobar si la prensa ejerció la función social que se le atribuye o si actuó influida por otros intereses. Para ello se realiza un análisis de contenido de tipo deductivo de la cobertura sobre transgénicos de los diarios Clarín y Folha de São Paulo, durante el periodo 2016-2018. Se concluye que la comunicación de Clarín fue más claramente pro-transgénica que la de Folha de São Paulo, lo que podría atribuirse a la mayor presencia de fuentes pro-transgénicas en Clarín, además de factores históricos y económicos que pudieron influir en la distinta cobertura ofrecida por parte de los dos diarios.
Spin-Resolved Charge Displacement Analysis as Intuitive Tool for the Evaluation of cPCET and HAT Scenarios
Authors: D'Amore Lorenzo , Belpassi Leonardo , M. N. Klein Johannes E. , Swart Marcel
Published: September 2020

We introduce here the spin-resolved version of the charge displacement function, which is applied to two competing pathways of proton-coupled electron transfer in oxidation catalysis (hydrogen-atom transfer, concerted proton-coupled electron transfer). The difference in charge displacement between the two mechanisms is directly observable and can be translated to electron flow using this new analysis tool.
Chemoselective C–C σ-Bond Activation of Biphenylene
Authors: Kong Richard Y , Crimmin Mark
Published: September 2020

The chemoselective cleavage of an arene ring in biphenylene is reported using an aluminium(I) complex. The reaction proceeds with complete integrity of the central 4-membered ring despite this ring containing the weakest C–C σ-bond in the hydrocarbon scaffold. A reaction intermediate derived from the (4+1) cycloaddition of the aluminium(I) complex to the p-system of biphenylene was isolated. Further experiments and DFT calculations suggest that this intermediate is involved in breaking of the C–C σ-bond. Activation strain analysis was used to understand the origins of the remarkable chemoselectivity of this system. Both the symmetry and diffuseness of the frontier molecular orbitals of the aluminium(I) fragment are implicated in its unusual reactivity with biphenylene.
Liderazgo transformacional y desempeño docente en el Cepre de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú
Authors: De la Cruz Sullca Pepe  Raúl
Published: September 2020

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito describir la influencia que tiene el liderazgo transformacional en el desempeño docente en el Centro Preuniversitario de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú (Cepre-UNCP). Se utilizó la metodología de la investigación científica, cuyas especificaciones son: tipo básica, nivel descriptivo-correlacional y diseño no experimental transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 50 docentes del Cepre-UNCP, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario de encuesta. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la influencia que tiene el liderazgo transformacional en el desempeño docente en el Cepre-UNCP es significativa. Esto, porque el valor de la corrección por continuidad es 45 y su p-valor es de 0.00, valor inferior a 0.05, por lo que rechazamos la hipótesis nula y aceptamos la hipótesis de investigación, en el sentido de que el liderazgo transformacional influye significativamente en el desempeño docente.

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31876/sl.v1i1.2
Science Atlantic 2020 Aquaculture & Fisheries and Biology Conference
Authors: White Kellie , Easy Russell H. , Gillis Rebecca
Published: September 2020

Science Atlantic is a charitable association for scientists, university faculty, and science students that has been operating in Atlantic Canada since 1962. The association comprises 13 academic institutions and has a mandate to provide opportunities that foster and enrich students’ academic experiences; support and inspire researchers, educators, and the broader scientific community; and represent a collective voice to address important regional science issues. In support of this mandate, the Science Atlantic Aquaculture & Fisheries and Biology Committees host a joint annual conference that gives undergraduate students from the Atlantic region a chance to network as well as present and discuss their research with colleagues. Unfortunately, the 2020 conference slated for March 14-15 at Cape Breton University was canceled due to the Covid19 pandemic. The decision to cancel happened the day before the conference was set to begin. Because students were denied the opportunity to present their research we felt it was important to move forward with publishing the abstracts as a way of helping make up for this missed opportunity and to communicate their research results with the broader science community. The following are conference abstracts categorized into three parts: oral presentation in biology, oral presentation in Aquaculture & Fisheries, and poster presentation.
Review of Eoin Daly’s Rousseau’s Constitutionalism: Austerity and Republican Freedom
Authors: Colon-Rios Joel
Published: September 2020

No description supplied
Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Various Ratios of Hybrid GFRP/Steel Bars
Authors: Nguyen Phan Duy , Dang Vu Hiep , Vu Ngoc Anh
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to study the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid combinations of GFRP/steel bars. To this purpose an experimental program was carried out on four concrete beams reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and twelve hybrid GFRP/steel Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams. Flexural behavior of the tested beams such as stages of response, failure modes, crack patterns, stiffness, toughness and ductility were analyzed. The experimental results showed that depending on GFRP/steel reinforcement configurations, the behavior of hybrid GFRP/steel RC beams undergoes three or four stages, namely: pre-cracking stage; after concrete cracking and before steel yielding; post-yield stage of the steel bar until peak load and failure stage. Totally six failure modes of hybrid RC beams are reported depending on reinforcement rations and configuration. The effect of reinforcement configuration and ratio of GFRP to steel (ρg) on the crack patterns, stiffness, ductility and toughness of hybrid RC beams are significant. Based on the non-linear deformation model, an analytical model has been developed and validated to determine the steel yielding moment and ultimate moment of hybrid GFRP/steel RC beams. It could be seen that the experimental values were in good agreement with the predicted values.
Assessment Resistance Potential to Moisture Damage and Rutting for HMA Mixtures Reinforced by Steel Fibers
Authors: Saleem Ahmed Abbas , Ismael Mohammed Qadir
Published: September 2020

Rutting is mainly referring to pavement permanent deformation, it is a major problem for flexible pavement and it is a complicated process and highly observed along with many segments of asphalt pavement in Iraq. The occurrence of this defect is related to several variables such as elevated temperatures and high wheel loads. Studying effective methods to reduce rutting distress is of great significance for providing a safe and along-life road. The asphalt mixture used to be modified by adding different types of additives. The addition of additives typically excesses stiffness, improves temperature susceptibility, and reduces moisture sensitivity. For this work, steel fibres have been used for modifying asphalt mixture as they incorporated in the specimens by three percentages designated as 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % by the weight of asphalt mixture. The evaluation process based on conducting Marshall Test, Compressive strength test, and the wheel tracking test. The optimum asphalt content was determined for asphalt mixture. The results of the Marshall quotient and the index of retained strength of modified mixtures were increased by 44.0 and 17.38% respectively with adding 1.0% of steel fibres compared with the conventional mixture. The rut depth and dynamic stability were determined by using a wheel tracking test at two various testing temperatures of 45 and 55°C and two applied stresses of 70 and 80 psi. Results show that adding 1% of steel fibres to asphalt mixtures is very effective in increase the rutting resistance and reduce moisture damage.
BUILDING A CULTURE OF TOLERANCE SINCE EARLY CHILDHOOD
Authors: Tyas E. Handayani , Naibaho Lamhot
Published: September 2020

Living in Indonesia, in a pluralistic society, harmony between religious believers is absolutely necessary. It would be very dangerous if the child grows and develops by bringing selfish qualities, closing oneself, feeling the most righteous, and wanting to win alone. Such conditions will cause difficulties for children to make adjustments properly when he was a teenager and adult. There are four most important conditions, namely: (1) if poor social behaviour patterns are developed at home, (2) if the home does not provide a model of behaviour to imitate, (3) lack of motivation to learn, (4) children do not get guidance and sufficient assistance in the learning process. In conclusion, children should not be threatening as an adult embryo but in the natural figure of a child. Data were obtained from books, scientific journals and other scientific works that are directly related to the topic of this paper.
Bilişsel Radyo Uygulamaları için Uzun Süreli Spektrum Doluluk Ölçümleri: Samsun Şehir Merkezi Örneği
Authors: ALBAYRAK Zafer , KURNAZ Çetin , KARAGÖL Serap
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada Samsun şehir merkezinde 470 MHz - 790 MHz frekans aralığında, spektrumun en yoğun olduğu bölgede, 7 farklı günde ve 14 farklı zamanda spektrum doluluk ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Ölçümlerde RTL2832U-R820T spektrum analizörü kullanılmıştır. Spektrum doluluk değerlendirmelerinde referans olarak -40 dB ve -45 dB sinyal gücü seçilmiştir. Ölçüm sonuçlarından spektrum doluluk oranlarının zamana bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterdiği bazı kanalların gün içerisinde kullanılmadığı veya sinyal kalitesinin kullanılmayacak kadar düştüğü görülmüştür. -40 dB referans sinyal seviyesi için 320 MHz’lik spektrumun en fazla % 60’ı kullanılırken, -45 dB için bu oran %55’dir. Dolayısıyla seçilen ölçüm noktası için gün içinde 144 MHz’e yakın bir spektrum kullanılmamaktadır. Bu değer analog TV frekans bandında (470 MHz - 790 MHz) bilişsel radyo uygulamalarından olan IEEE 802.11af ve IEEE 802.22 kablosuz sistemlerinin rahatlıkla kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
R134a'ya Alternatif Bir Soğutucu Akışkan (R513A) Kullanan Buhar Sıkıştırmalı Soğutma Sistemlerinin Enerji ve Çevresel Analizi
Authors: YILDIZ Abdullah , YILDIRIM Ragıp
Published: September 2020

Küresel ısınma Dünya gündeminin ana konularından birisidir. Dolayısıyla, soğutucu akışkanların çevresel etkilerini azaltmak için birçok çalışma ve düzenleme yapılmaktadır. Çevre dostu soğutucu akışkanların kullanılması soğutucu akışkanların çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkisinin azaltılması için gereklidir. Düşük küresel ısınma potansiyeline (GWP) sahip HFC/HFO soğutucu akışkan karışımları HFC soğutucu akışkanların yerini aldığı düşünülmekte ve son zamanlarda ticari olarak üretilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, R134a ve R513A soğutucu akışkanlarının performansları teorik olarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca soğutucu akışkanların çevresel etki değerlendirilmesi yaşamsal döngü iklim performansına (LCCP) göre incelenmiştir. Soğutucu akışkanların enerji performansları farklı evaporatör (-15 ile 2.5 oC arasında) ve kondenser (30 ve 35 oC) sıcaklıkları için yapılmıştır. Evaportaör sıcaklığı -15 oC ve kondenser sıcaklığı 30 oC iken R134a ve R513A’nın COP değerleri sırasıyla 3.87 ve 3.77’dir. Aynı kondenser sıcaklığı için evaporatör sıcaklığı 2.5 oC olduğunda R134a ve R513A’nın COP değerleri sırasıyla 7.28 ve 7.16 olmaktadır. Dolaysıyla R134a ve R513A’nın COP değerlerinin hemen hemen benzer olduğu söylenebilir. R513A’nın GWP oranı R134a’nın yaklaşık yarısı kadardır. Dolayısıyla R513A R134a’dan %56 oranında daha az direkt emisyon (DE) değerine sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki soğutucu akışkanın toplam emisyon değerinin büyük bir çoğunluğu (R134a için %94.98, R513A için %96.77) sistemin enerji tüketiminden kaynaklanmaktadır. R513A soğutucu akışkanın yanıcılık özelliğinin yoktur ayrıca doğrudan R134a ile çalışan sistemde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadan kullanılabilir. R513A yukarıda saydığımız özelliklerden dolayı R134a’ya alternatif olarak kullanılabilir.
The Effects of Financial Literacy and Self-Control towards Financial Behavior among High School Students in Bogor
Authors: Khoirunnisaa Jihaan , Johan Irni Rahmayani
Published: September 2020

This research aims to analyze the effect of financial literacy and self-control on financial behavior among Bogor High School students. This research was conducted in two public high schools in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, that were selected based on the level of passing grade of the school (high-grade and low grade). In collecting the data, this study used a self-administered questionnaire. About 113 of senior high school students from science and social majors were selected as the sample. This study found that financial knowledge and financial attitude were on a moderate level. High-grade school students tend to have better financial knowledge and attitude than those from low-grade schools. The results of this study also show that the self-control of students was classified as a low category. Those from low-grade schools were more likely to have better self-control compared to students from the high-grade school. Furthermore, financial behavior, which consists of saving and spending behavior, were categorized as poor. There was a significant difference in financial knowledge, financial attitude, and self-control among both schools. The financial attitude was positively significantly related to financial knowledge and behavior. Self-control was associated positively with financial behavior. Further analysis of multiple linear regression shows a positive and significant effect of financial attitude and self-control towards financial behavior.
No difference in perinatal mortality between home and facility delivery in rural Tanzania: a prospective community-based study
Authors: Konje Eveline T , Magoma Moke T , Hatfield Jennifer , Kuhn Susan , Sauve Reginald S , Dewey Deborah
Published: September 2020

Background

Facility-based delivery with skilled birth attendants in an enabling environment is recommended for life-saving and for improving maternal and newborn health outcomes. Inconsistent results exist regarding the protective effects of facility delivery on maternal and perinatal mortality in developing countries. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between place of delivery and maternal and perinatal mortality. A secondary objective was to examine the association between place of delivery and maternal complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and 48 hours postpartum.

# Methods

This community-based prospective study recruited a cohort of 1719 women in their third trimester of pregnancy through a door-to-door survey in randomly selected wards in rural Geita Northwest Tanzania between September 2016 and December 2017. A total of 1385 eligible mother-infant pairs were followed to seven days post-delivery.

Results

Half of the women delivered at a health facility (52.23%). A limited number of maternal deaths (n=7) were observed; 3 of these occurred at health facilities. No association was found between place of delivery and perinatal mortality (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=1.60, 95% confidence interval, CI=0.65-3.80). The prevalence of maternal complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and 48 hours postpartum were 6.14%, 8.74%, and 12.56%, respectively. A higher proportion of women who delivered at health facilities reported complications during labor and delivery (13.26% vs 3.78%) and 48 hours postnatally (14.78% vs 10.14%) than women who delivered at home.

Conclusions

Health facility delivery was not associated with reduced perinatal mortality. A higher proportion of women who delivered at health facilities reported complications during labour and delivery. Controlling for maternal complications attenuated the association between place of delivery and perinatal mortality. Many health facilities in rural Geita Tanzania remain ill-equipped to deal with unpredictable complications during childbirth. Improving staff training, access to essential drugs and equipment, and quality care could reduce perinatal mortality.
Seasonal variations in Nigeria: understanding COVID-19 transmission dynamics and immune responses
Authors: Ayanshina Oluwamuyiwa A. , Adeshakin Adeleye O. , Afolabi Lukman O. , Adeshakin Funmilayo O. , Alli-Balogun Ganiyu O. , Yan Dehong , Essien-Baidoo Samuel , Wan Xiaochun
Published: September 2020

There is a global rise in the emergence of infectious diseases and the enigmatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) being the most recent one. It is ravaging the world with little understanding of its etiology and factors affecting its transmission dynamics. Meanwhile, seasonal variations in weather are major factors impacting infectious disease transmission patterns. Developing countries are likely to be most affected by weather changes that could impact on the spread and control of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, weather conditions alternate between rainy and dry seasons. Conditions such as rainfall, humidity and sunlight had been reported to influence host susceptibility to infectious diseases. On the other hand, these weather elements have a direct or indirect impact on the level of vitamin D availability. More so, vitamin C and D supplementation were highlighted to enhance immunity in COVID-19 patients. Thus, understanding the impact of weather changes in transmission dynamics and boosting immune response to COVID-19 through vitamin supplementation in infected patients may be crucial as the rainy season fully sets in.
Un pasado vivo. Dos siglos de historia ambiental latinoamericana
Authors: Pádua José Augusto
Published: September 2020

En la actualidad hemos reconocido el peso de la acción humana en la transformación reciente del planeta lo que hemos llamado cambio climático y el Antropoceno, por lo tanto, resulta fundamental tener una visión de la historia que reconozca que el pasado humano está entremezclado con el devenir del mundo natural. Un pasado vivo. Dos siglos de historia ambiental latinoamericana recogen los avances hechos en ese sentido para entender los acelerados cambios producidos en los últimos dos siglos en América Latina y el Caribe. Cada capítulo presenta una visión general, desde un ángulo ambiental, de la historia de algunos países, regiones y biomas, como México, el Caribe, las selvas y las ciudades, o sobre temas transversales a toda la región, como la minería, la ganadería, la conservación de la naturaleza y la ciencia. Sus autores son trece de los más reconocidos investigadores en este campo. Además, esta obra cuenta con una introducción que propone cuatro grandes temas de la historia ambiental de la región y un contrapunto final que la ubica en el contexto global. Un pasado vivo es indicativo de la madurez que ha alcanzado esta área de la historia y servirá de base para estudios futuros.
Performance Evaluation of Scalar Multiplication in Elliptic Curve Cryptography Implementation using Different Multipliers Over Binary Field GF (2233)
Authors: Abdul-Hadi Alaa Mohammed , Saif-aldeen Yousraa abdul-sahib , Tawfeeq Firas Ghanim
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a point multiplication processor over the binary field GF (2233) with internal registers integrated within the point-addition architecture to enhance the Performance Index (PI) of scalar multiplication. The proposed design uses one of two types of finite field multipliers, either the Montgomery multiplier or the interleaved multiplier supported by the additional layer of internal registers. Lopez Dahab coordinates are used for the computation of point multiplication on Koblitz Curve (K-233bit). In contrast, the metric used for comparison of the implementations of the design on different types of FPGA platforms is the Performance Index.

The first approach attains a performance index of approximately 0.217610202 when its realization is over Virtex-6 (6vlx130tff1156-3). It uses an interleaved multiplier with 3077 register slices, 4064 lookup tables (LUTs), 2837 flip-flops (FFs) at a maximum frequency of 221.6Mhz. This makes it more suitable for high-frequency applications. The second approach, which uses the Montgomery multiplier, produces a PI of approximately 0.2228157 when its implementation is on Virtex-4 (6vlx130tff1156-3). This approach utilizes 3543 slices, 2985 LUTs, 3691 FFs at a maximum frequency of 190.47MHz. Thus, it is found that the implementation of the second approach on Virtex-4 is more suitable for applications with a low frequency of about 86.4Mhz and a total number of slices of about 12305.
Urban Form Elements and Urban Potentiality ( Literature Review)
Authors: Al-Saaidy Haider Jasim Essa
Published: September 2020

Morphological theories shape the leading platform to theoretically and practically consider the assets connected with the emergence of the city, and its growth and development over time. In this paper, five elements of the urban form are typified: structure/tissue, plot, building, block, and the street pattern will be addressed. Understanding the urban form at the different levels within its ingredients could lead to shape a base launch of how to consider the potentiality of the development and sustainability of a particular area.
Experimental and Theoretical Determination of Settlement of Shallow Footing on Liquefiable Soil
Authors: Sadiq Ahmed Mohammed , Albusoda Bushra Suhale
Published: September 2020

A high settlement may take place in shallow footing when resting on liquefiable soil if subjected to earthquake loading. In this study, a series of shaking table tests were carried out for shallow footing resting on sand soil. The input motion is three earthquake loadings (0.05g, 0.1g, and 0.2g). The study includes a reviewing of theoretical equations (available in literatures), which estimating settlement of footings due to earthquake loading, calibration, and verification of these equations with data from the shaking table test for improved soil by grouting and unimproved soil. It is worthy to note that the grouting materials considered in this study are the Bentonite and CKD slurries. A modification to the seismic settlement equations, by statistical analysis using SPSS software, had been done to account for the liquefaction state. The modified equation showed a good convergence with the measured settlement values.
Performance Evaluation of Pump Station of Main Outfall Drain in AL Nassiriyah City
Authors: AL-Saffar Ghaith Mohammed Ali .M. , AL-Thamiry Hayder Abdulameer. K.
Published: September 2020

The Main Outfall drain pumping station in Nassiriyah is an important part in operation  system of the Main Outfall Drain (MOD) where it reduces the water levels in the U/S area of its and converted through Syphon freely under the Euphrates, its consists of several parts: U/S Basin, Station Building which contains 12 pumps, and Head Basin with Syphon, This station suffers from high levels especially in D/S area due to the current situation which is represented by establishing of dyke with pipes on MOD which located at 24 km from D/S of pumping station and Al-Khamisiyah Canal which located at 2.3 km from the U/S of dyke which feeds(Al Hammar Marsh) during drought season, several scenarios were adopted in order to explore the hydraulic effect of the current situation on the water levels and the performance of the syphon pumping system. The hydraulic effect of current situation causes an increase in D/S levels from 0.75 to 1 m,0.37to0.6m in operating (1,2)pumps, and the highest lack of the performance equal to 9.87%,5.58%,3.62%,2.62 % in operating (1,2,3,4)pumps respectively with designed head and 8.55%,5.40%,3.11%,1.8% with non- designed head.
Authors: Qamarani Elsa Agustine
Published: September 2020

Saat ini mahasiswa Universitas Telkom telah mulai membangun sebuah startup, salah satunya adalah Ketringan. Ketringan merupakan jasa katering yang berbasis aplikasi dan situs yang menghubungkan vendor restoran dengan pelanggan. Fenomena yang ditemukan pada Ketringan adalah berdasarkan dua layanan yang ditawarkan, yaitu Daily Catering dan Events ditemukan gap penjualan yang cukup besar diantara kedua layanan tersebut sehingga dihubungkan dengan pernyataan dari CEO Ketringan bahwa mereka belum melayani mahasiswa Universitas Telkom secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini akan mengungkapkan kebutuhan dan keinginan dari pelanggan dengan merumuskan profil konsumen dari Alexander Osterwalder dan Yves Pigneur melalui identifikasi customer jobs (hal yang dilakukan oleh pelanggan), pains (hal yang mengganggu bagi pelanggan), dan gains (hal yang diinginkan oleh pelanggan). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi non partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dari penelitian ini adalah hal yang dilakukan konsumen, diantaranya memesan makan melalui online, mencari informasi katering dari teman. Adapun hal-hal yang mengganggu bagi informan, seperti harga yang tidak sebanding dengan kualitas, ongkos kirim yang mahal. Lalu, keinginan konsumen terhadap jasa katering yang meliputi, variasi menu, pengantaran makanan yang cepat, fitur review pada aplikasi, komunikasi yang baik dengan pelanggan.
Conceptual model for NAb mRNA and PAC-MAN in-vivo delivery through rSARS-CoV-2 vector via ACE-2 receptors binding mechanism: Deep amalgamation approach to COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Sharma Deepanshu , Singh Desh Deepak
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a conceptual model for the development of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 as a vector for in-vivo delivery of viral neutralizing antibodies gene and PAC-MAN into human respiratory epithelial cells. The theoretical proposal suggests the sequence length, potential antibody candidates (as reported in the recent literature) and brief protocol which can be applied to produce rSARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory to test its effectiveness against most of the SARS-CoV-2 strains. Finally, a method for release of such functional vector is been discussed.
Computational modelling of attentional bias towards threat in pediatric anxiety
Authors: Thompson Abigail , Steinbeis Nikolaus
Published: September 2020

Computational modelling can be used to precisely characterise the cognitive processes involved in attentional biases towards threat, yet so far has only been applied in the context of adult anxiety. Furthermore, studies investigating attentional biases in childhood anxiety have largely used tasks that conflate automatic and controlled attentional processes. By using a perceptual load paradigm, we separately investigate contributions from automatic and controlled processes to attentional biases towards negative stimuli and their association with pediatric anxiety. We also use computational modelling to investigate these mechanisms in children for the first time. In a sample of 60 children (aged 5-11 years) we used a perceptual load task specifically adapted for children, in order to investigate attentional biases towards fearful (compared with happy and neutral) faces. Outcome measures were reaction time and percentage accuracy. We applied a drift diffusion model to investigate the precise cognitive mechanisms involved. The load effect was associated with significant differences in response time, accuracy and the diffusion modelling parameters drift rate and extra-decisional time. Increased anxiety was associated with higher accuracy and the diffusion modelling parameter ‘drift rate’ on the fearful face trials. This was specific to the high load condition. These findings suggest that attentional biases towards fearful faces in childhood anxiety are driven by increased perceptual sensitivity towards fear in automatic attentional systems. Our findings from computational modelling suggest that current attention bias modification treatments should target perceptual encoding directly rather than processes occurring afterwards.
Neurofeedback training in major depressive disorder: a systematic review of clinical efficacy, study quality and reporting practices
Authors: Trambaiolli Lucas , Kohl Simon Huldreich , Linden David E.J. , Mehler David Marc Anton
Published: September 2020

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Neurofeedback training has been suggested as a potential additional treatment option for MDD patients not reaching remission from standard care (i.e., psychopharmacology and psychotherapy). Here we systematically reviewed neurofeedback studies employing electroencephalography, or functional magnetic resonance-based protocols in depressive patients. Of 585 initially screened studies, 24 were included in our final sample (N=480 patients in experimental and N=194 in the control groups completing the primary endpoint). We evaluated the clinical efficacy across studies and explored its relationship with the number of sessions as a potential proxy for a dose-effect response. We also attempted to group studies according to the control condition categories currently used in the field that affect clinical outcomes in group comparisons. In most studies, MDD patients showed symptom improvement superior to the control group(s). However, most articles did not comply with the most stringent study quality and reporting practices. We conclude with recommendations on best practices for experimental designs and reporting standards for neurofeedback training.
Validity study using factor analyses on the Defining Issues Test-2 in undergraduate populations
Authors: Choi Youn-Jeng , Han Hyemin , Bankhead Meghan , Thoma Stephen J.
Published: September 2020

Introduction The Defining Issues Test (DIT) aimed to measure one’s moral judgment development in terms of moral reasoning. The Neo-Kohlbergian approach, which is an elaboration of Kohlbergian theory, focuses on the continuous development of postconventional moral reasoning, which constitutes the theoretical basis of the DIT. However, very few studies have directly tested the internal structure of the DIT, which would indicate its construct validity. Objectives Using the DIT-2, a later revision of the DIT, we examined whether a bi-factor model or 3-factor CFA model showed a better model fit. The Neo-Kohlbergian theory of moral judgment development, which constitutes the theoretical basis for the DIT-2, proposes that moral judgment development occurs continuously and that it can be better explained with a soft-stage model. Given these assertions, we assumed that the bi-factor model, which considers the Schema-General Moral Judgment (SGMJ), might be more consistent with Neo-Kohlbergian theory. Methods We analyzed a large dataset collected from undergraduate students. We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) via weighted least squares. A 3-factor CFA based on the DIT-2 manual and a bi-factor model were compared for model fit. The three factors in the 3-factor CFA were labeled as moral development schemas in Neo-Kohlbergian theory (i.e., personal interests, maintaining norms, and postconventional schemas). The bi-factor model included the SGMJ in addition to the three factors. Results In general, the bi-factor model showed a better model fit compared with the 3-factor CFA model although both models reported acceptable model fit indices. Conclusion We found that the DIT-2 scale is a valid measure of the internal structure of moral reasoning development using both CFA and bi-factor models. In addition, we conclude that the soft-stage model, posited by the Neo-Kohlbergian approach to moral judgment development, can be better supported with the bi-factor model that was tested in the present study.
India’s canine conundrum, a case of cognitive dissonance?
Authors: Lahiri Sutirtha , Mungi Ninad Avinash , Mahar Neeraj
Published: September 2020

Free-ranging dogs are among the top global invasive species with major impacts on biodiversity and humans. Academicians in conservation or allied fields are at the forefront of investigating this conflict. But are their opinions impaired by their emotional attachment with dogs? We investigated this question through an online survey that reached 360 academicians across 139 institutions in India. We assessed the respondent's affinity towards dogs and their perception on their impacts, causes of this problem, suggestions on its mitigation and success of the mitigation measures. We found that although affinity towards dogs had no effect on respondent's perceptions of their impacts, their perceptions on the causes and suggested mitigation measures differed. Respondents who liked dogs suggested ineffective measures like reproductive control and mass adoption to mitigate their impacts, while also acknowledging that the suggested mitigation measures would never work due to multiple reasons. Through our results we show that academicians who are presumed to provide evidence-driven solutions opted for value-driven suggestions. This could be due to high consideration given to emotions in animal rights policies in the country. We interpret this contradiction using cognitive dissonance theory and suggest a need of encouraging a scientific temper of evidence-based mitigation measures.