bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality management of scientific and pedagogical activities in higher education: problems and solutions
Authors: Ostapyuk Sergey , Kupriyanova Lyudmila
Published: October 2024

The monograph reveals the problems of improving the efficiency and quality of management of scientific and scientific-technical activities in higher education, the possibility of improving the skills of scientific and pedagogical personnel in modern conditions of economic development and evaluating the effectiveness of the introduction of the university-firm business relations system as promising solutions to financial problems of the university that can change the established idea of the forms of attracting investment in development the professional competence of higher school teachers today and in the future.
It is intended for the scientific and pedagogical community of the higher education system.
El sentido visible de lo sagrado: relicarios antropomórficos en la Sicilia de la Contrarreforma.
Authors: Vitella Maurizio
Published: October 2024

El artículo ofrece una revisión de los relicarios antropomorfos realizados en Sicilia entre la segunda mitad del siglo XVI y finales del XVII. Son obras que interpretan los peculiares propósitos del arte de la Contrarreforma, orientadas estratégicamente a implementar una nueva evangelización encaminada a disipar los problemas surgidos tras la Reforma Protestante. La contribución tiende a resaltar las características formales y decorativas de los artefactos, a menudo caracterizadas por un marcado realismo, en algunos casos acentuado por el color de los rostros, rematados con colores que simulan la tez.
El papel de los espacios e iniciativas alternativas en la creación contemporánea de Sevilla (2000-2020).
Authors: Navarro Morcillo Pablo
Published: October 2024

En este artículo se exploran los diversos espacios e iniciativas alternativas que han venido surgiendo en Sevilla a lo largo de las dos últimas décadas. Con desigual trayectoria, y tomando como punto de partida la actividad de la Richard Chanin Foundation, se plantea una secuencia de elementos que han resultado claves para la puesta de largo de un considerable número de artistas, teniendo como punto en común no estar constituidos como galerías artísticas al uso, sino como lugares que podríamos vincular con actividades más ligadas a la gestión cultural.
Blas Molner en Navarra: las esculturas de San Joaquín y Santa Ana de Echalar.
Authors: Molina Cañete David
Published: October 2024

Proponemos una nueva atribución al escultor Blas Molner (1738-1812), artista valenciano afincado en Sevilla, donde fue director de la Real Escuela de las Tres Nobles Artes. Se trata de las esculturas de San Joaquín y Santa Ana conservadas en la parroquia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Echalar (Navarra). Para su estudio, se han analizado sus características formales y estilísticas, poniéndolas en relación con otras obras documentadas del artista, entre ellas, el grupo de la Asunción de la Virgen existente en el mismo templo.
Una alegoría de la agricultura, obra inédita de Gonzalo Bilbao.
Authors: Pérez Calero Gerardo
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo aborda el estudio de una obra inédita, que enriquece el catálogo de la producción artística del pintor sevillano Gonzalo Bilbao.
An Algorithm for Clustering with Confidence-Based Must-Link and Cannot-Link Constraints
Authors: Baumann Philipp , Hochbaum Dorit S.
Published: October 2024

We study here the semisupervised k-clustering problem where information is available on whether pairs of objects are in the same or different clusters. This information is available either with certainty or with a limited level of confidence. We introduce the pair-wise confidence constraints clustering (PCCC) algorithm, which iteratively assigns objects to clusters while accounting for the information provided on the pairs of objects. Our algorithm uses integer programming for the assignment of objects, which allows us to include relationships as hard constraints that are guaranteed to be satisfied or as soft constraints that can be violated subject to a penalty. This flexibility distinguishes our algorithm from the state of the art, in which all pair-wise constraints are considered hard or all are considered soft. We developed an enhanced multistart approach and a model-size reduction technique for the integer program that contribute to the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm. Unlike existing algorithms, our algorithm scales to large-scale instances with up to 60,000 objects, 100 clusters, and millions of cannot-link constraints (which are the most challenging constraints to incorporate). We compare the PCCC algorithm with state-of-the-art approaches in an extensive computational study. Even though the PCCC algorithm is more general than the state-of-the-art approaches in its applicability, it outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on instances with all hard or all soft constraints in terms of both run time and various metrics of solution quality. The code of the PCCC algorithm is publicly available on GitHub.

History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science and Machine Learning.

Funding: The research of D. S. Hochbaum was supported by the AI Institute NSF Award [Grant 2112533].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0419 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0419 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Managing Resources for Shared Micromobility: Approximate Optimality in Large-Scale Systems
Authors: Akturk Deniz , Candogan Ozan , Gupta Varun
Published: October 2024

We consider the problem of managing resources in shared micromobility systems (bike sharing and scooter sharing). An important task in managing such systems is periodic repositioning/recharging/sourcing of units to avoid stockouts or excess inventory at nodes with unbalanced flows. We consider a discrete-time model; each period begins with an initial inventory at each node in the network, and then, customers (demand) materialize at the nodes. Each customer picks up a unit at the origin node and drops it off at a randomly sampled destination node with an origin-specific probability distribution. We model the above network inventory management problem as an infinite horizon discrete-time discounted Markov decision process (MDP) and prove the asymptotic optimality of a novel mean-field approximation to the original MDP as the number of stations becomes large. To compute an approximately optimal policy for the mean-field dynamics, we provide an algorithm with a running time that is logarithmic in the desired optimality gap. Lastly, we compare the performance of our mean field-based policy with state-of-the-art heuristics via numerical experiments, including experiments using Austin scooter-sharing data.

This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.02023 .
Coordination in Dynamic Teams: Investigating a Learning–Productivity Trade-Off
Authors: Mayo Anna T. , Woolley Anita Williams , John Liny , March Christine , Witchel Selma , Nowalk Andrew
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth in the use of teams and multiple team membership has led more organizations to structure work around dynamic teams, characterized by short lifespans and fluid membership boundaries. This approach to organizing work makes it difficult for teams to work efficiently or to support the learning and growth of members. Given the importance of productivity and learning, we ask how these processes can be supported in dynamic teams. We do so in a randomized controlled field experiment conducted with 91 teams in a teaching hospital, a context in which physician trainees must learn while providing patient care in dynamic teams of care providers. We randomly assigned physician teams, or “core” teams, to launch their work with an intervention focused either on internal coordination among the core team members or on external coordination with a changing cast of external contributors such as nurses and specialists. We measured resulting levels of internal and external coordination over teams’ week-long lifespans and observed that external coordination was associated with improved team efficiency, whereas internal coordination was associated with improved individual learning. Post hoc exploratory analysis suggested that individual learning was highest when teams achieved high levels of both internal and external coordination, and it was positively correlated with improvement in the team’s patients’ average length of hospital stay. We discuss the implications of the demonstrated causal effects of team launches, along with our exploratory findings, for the management of dynamic teams and the opportunities to mitigate potential trade-offs between learning and productivity.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16729 .
Breast cancer-related upper limb lymphoedema: an overview
Authors: Thomas Melanie
Published: October 2024

Melanie Thomas provides an update on management of lympoedema in those with breast cancer
The state of district nursing today
Authors: Oxtoby Kathy
Published: October 2024

District nursing services are critically-under resourced, teams are struggling with capacity, and team leaders are carrying more responsibility than ever before, a new report by the Queen's Nursing Institute (QNI) reveals. Kathy Oxtoby reports
Windswept deformity of the knee: prevalence and predictive factors in osteoarthritic and healthy populations
Authors: Moore Joss , van de Graaf Victor A. , Wood Jil A. , Humburg Peter , Colyn William , Bellemans Johan , Chen Darren B. , MacDessi Samuel J.
Published: October 2024

Aims

This study examined windswept deformity (WSD) of the knee, comparing prevalence and contributing factors in healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) cohorts.

Methods

A case-control radiological study was undertaken comparing 500 healthy knees (250 adults) with a consecutive sample of 710 OA knees (355 adults) undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty. The mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle (mHKA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) were determined for each knee, and the arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA), joint line obliquity, and Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) types were calculated. WSD was defined as a varus mHKA of < -2° in one limb and a valgus mHKA of > 2° in the contralateral limb. The primary outcome was the proportional difference in WSD prevalence between healthy and OA groups. Secondary outcomes were the proportional difference in WSD prevalence between constitutional varus and valgus CPAK types, and to explore associations between predefined variables and WSD within the OA group.

Results

WSD was more prevalent in the OA group compared to the healthy group (7.9% vs 0.4%; p < 0.001, relative risk (RR) 19.8). There was a significant difference in means and variance between the mHKA of the healthy and OA groups (mean -1.3° (SD 2.3°) vs mean -3.8°(SD 6.6°) respectively; p < 0.001). No significant differences existed in MPTA and LDFA between the groups, with a minimal difference in aHKA (mean -0.9° healthy vs -0.5° OA; p < 0.001). Backwards logistic regression identified meniscectomy, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteotomy as predictors of WSD (odds ratio (OR) 4.1 (95% CI 1.7 to 10.0), p = 0.002; OR 11.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 89.3); p = 0.016; OR 41.6 (95% CI 5.4 to 432.9), p ≤ 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

This study found a 20-fold greater prevalence of WSD in OA populations. The development of WSD is associated with meniscectomy, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteotomy. These findings support WSD being mostly an acquired condition following skeletal maturity.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):879–885.
Machine Learning Evaluation of Fruit Ripeness with Multidimensional Sparse-Dataset Calibration
Authors: Ueno Shinya , Sakai Osamu , Morimoto Takuya
Published: October 2024

Highlights

This article provides a machine-learning method for estimation of sugar content in target fruit using color appearance.

Complex networks based on multidimensional datasets work effectively for color sensor calibration and data rebalancing.

Beyond datapoint sparsity in datasets, estimation accuracy in sugar content is assured when an unsupervised-learning algorithm classifies the multidimensional datapoints composed of fruit color and relevant quantities.

Abstract. In agriculture, harvests of fruits and vegetables depend on their ripeness, in which farmers should rely not only on the eye-sensed outlook but rigorously on constituents inside the targets, like sugar content. So far, detail measurements on the outlook color of fruits have been widely reported to detect suitable harvest times, where non-destructive instruments, which are costly in general agriculture fields, work well for color estimation whose resolution level is much higher than human eyes. In this study, we propose a scheme with a calibration procedure for sugar content prediction from outlook-color quantities, which is applicable even if a sensor includes systematic errors in output signals or the base dataset includes some datapoint sparsity. Most multidimensional data, which are both in agriculture and in other general cases, are imperfect in terms of several aspects, but they can be useful when we take appropriate sparsity detection and setting of rebalancing weights into account for machine learning procedures. We newly introduce a complex-network method for this purpose, and after the color calibration, we successfully obtain accurate hue and chroma, which are quantities representing a position on calibrated color coordinate, to predict °Brix sugar content in Japanese pears. Keywords: Asian pear, Color Elements, Fruit Ripening, °Brix Sugar Content, OHD.
Apple Leaf Disease Detection Based on Lightweight YOLOv8-GSSW
Authors: Zeng Wei , Pang Jicheng , Ni Kaicheng , Peng Peng , Hu Ruoyu
Published: October 2024

Highlights

Modify the YOLOV8 backbone network to reduce model calculation complexity and parameter amount.

Integrating the Slim-Neck design and the SA attention mechanism into the neck network to enhance the attention of target features and improve the weight of the target.

Adoption of the WIoU loss function over the original CIoU to address the sample imbalance problem and accelerate model convergence.

Abstract. In response to the challenges posed by the excessive number of parameters and the high computational complexity inherent in existing algorithms for apple leaf disease recognition, this study introduces an enhanced, lightweight detection algorithm, YOLOv8-GSSW. Building upon the YOLOv8n as the foundational model, this research innovates in several key areas. Initially, the algorithm employs a lightweight GSConv convolutional module to replace the standard convolutional modules within the backbone network, significantly reducing both the model’s computational complexity and its parameter count. Furthermore, the incorporation of the Slim-Neck design concept into the neck network module serves to bolster the model’s capabilities in feature processing and learning. This enhancement is further augmented by the integration of the SA attention mechanism within Slim-Neck, which amplifies the attention to target features and increases their weight by merging information across both spatial and channel dimensions. Finally, the original CIoU loss function is substituted with the WIoU loss function to address the issue of sample imbalance and accelerate the model’s convergence. Experimental results underscore the YOLOv8-GSSW algorithm’s superior performance, achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.3% with a parameter volume of 2.7×106 and a model weight of 5.4 MB. Relative to the YOLOv8n benchmark model, this represents a 15.6% reduction in parameter volume and an 11.5% decrease in model size. The modifications introduced in this algorithm not only facilitate more convenient application in practical scenarios for apple leaf disease detection but also render the algorithm well-suited for deployment on edge devices. Keywords: Apple leaves, Disease detection, Lightweight, YOLOv8n.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Hybrid Nano Composites Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Stir Casting Method and Reinforced with Nano-scale SiC and MoS2 Particles
Authors: D. Sudarsan  , A. Bovas Herbert Bejaxhin  , S. Raj Kumar  , A. S. Anitha  , Venkat Prasat Sridhar
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of adding large quantities of reinforcing agents specifically, 3% MoS2 along with different SiC concentrations 5%, 10%, and 15% to LM25 aluminium alloys. The goal of producing these composites was to improve the material characteristics of hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) by the use of ultrasonic-assisted stir casting. The study looks at the possible benefits of using particulate materials to improve the mechanical properties of metallic composites, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and molybdenum disulphide (Mo­S2). The research assesses the impact of SiC and MoS2 Nano scale additions on the mechanical and structural characteristics of LM25 composites by experimental analysis. The results of mechanical property testing show significant improvements, especially when 15% of Nano-scale SiC is included. This is mainly because the Nano-scale SiC is evenly distributed throughout the host metal.
Modelling for Predicting and Optimizing of the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Sisal/Carbon Fibre Nano-Composite through RSM
Authors: K. Aanandha Saravanan  , N. Arunachalam  , P. Uma  , K. Saravanan  , Jothi Arunachalam
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of fibre orientation on the tensile and flexural strength of composites composed of sisal and carbon fibres, with fibre orientation of 10, 25, and 40°. Furthermore, the research sought to ascertain the optimal parameters for the therapeutic procedure. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was utilized to develop and analyze the experiments. The main objective was to optimize crucial elements such as, fibre orientation and the composition of sisal and carbon fibres. This methodology was utilized to construct quadratic models for forecasting the tensile and flexural strength of the composites. The optimal parameters are 60° orientation and a composition of 40% of each fibre. Under these circumstances, the composite exhibited a 34.27% increase in tensile strength and a 22.76% increase in flexural strength when compared to the minimum values obtained from RSM optimization. The notable enhancement demonstrates that the fibre orientation can effectively increase the tensile and flexural strength, as well as improve the adhesion between natural fibres and polymer matrices.
Investigation on Flexural Behavior of HFRC with Partial Replacement of Nano Silica and Slag Cement
Authors: S. Venkat Raman  , G. Anusha  , A. Alex Livingston Raja  , S. Anandaraj  , K. Gowtham  , V. Gopi Krishnan  , T. Karthick
Published: October 2024

This investigation directs to understand the flexural behavior of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (HFRC) with incorporation of Nano silica and Portland slag cement. The mechanical properties of Concrete for the grade M50 is enhanced by combining different fibers such as glass, polypropylene, and steel. Specifically, we explore the replacement of these fibers for the cement at ratios of 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6%. Findings indicate that it significantly improved flexibility, as well as micromechanical support. To assess the performance of the HFRC, Specimens are cast to undergo compression, Flexure and Spilt tensile using hybrid materials with a water-cement ratio of 0.40 and made to undergo normal water curing for a period of 7, 14, and 28 days. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that the inclusion of 5% fibers along with 5% of Nano silica as a partial replacement to fine aggregate exhibits superior ductility and flexural strength compared to other fiber ratios. The addition of latex admixture enhances the flexural strength of HFRC. Comparing the flexural behavior of HFRC to conventional concrete under applied loads the remarkable load-bearing capabilities of HFRC beams under flexural conditions are highlighted furthermore emphasizing the advantages of this innovative material for use in construction applications. The results were tabulated and comparative results were presented.
Reduction of Emission and Fuel Consumptions based on Mingled Nano Additives in Biodiesel
Authors: N. Krishnamoorthy  , R. Sathishkumar  , S. Dhivakar  , N. Ramanan
Published: October 2024

Using the lipids identified as well as extra residual cooking oil, vegetable, and animal fats, bio-diesel a substitute for fuels derived from petroleum can be produced. Since the 1970s oil crisis, there has been a resurgence of interest in using biodiesel as a fossil fuel substitute due to the fuel's rapidly rising prices, availability uncertainties, and growing environmental and greenhouse gas (GHG) concerns.To produce biodiesel, glycerin and fat or vegetable oil are separated chemically through a process termed transesterification. Glycerin, a valuable byproduct that is typically sold to be used in soaps and other products, and methyl esters, the chemical term for biodiesel, are the two products left over from the process. The industrial term for diesel derived from petroleum, petro diesel, and biodiesel have similar viscosities. Due to the nearly zero sulfur content,it is recommended to be used as an additive in diesel oil formulations to improve the lubricity of pure ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD).The current work focuses heavily on reducing emissions and fuel consumption in automobiles. In addition to lowering pollutants and fuel consumption, the transition metal oxide (Copper oxide) additions in nanocrystalline particle form aid in molecular combustion. To create a stable Nano fluid, soap nut biodiesel is combined with metal oxide additive and ultrasonicated. For our experimental investigation, single cylinder, air cooled, constant speed Kirloskar engine is used. The reduction of hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is investigated. The highest break power of the biodiesel employed in the study is 3.82 KW, greater than the typical diesel's 3.23 KW. The result shows improved engine efficiency, reduced emissions, and better brake thermal efficiency.
A Complete Review on DC-to-DC Converter Topologies for Energy Sustainable Electro-mobility under Environmentally Heterogeneous Power Conditions
Authors: D. Ramya  , K. Umadevi
Published: October 2024

The electric vehicle is an upcoming technology that upgrades the biosphere and diminishes pollution across the globe. Electric Vehicles powered by batteries mitigate the problem of the emission of greenhouse gases and air pollution. Research has been undertaken lately to integrate sources of renewable energy to electrify the E-Vehicle to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, making it an eco-friendly and nil carbon emission transport system. The increased usage and the forecasted growth of E- -vehicles urge the research to be centered on power electronic converters to attain highly efficient, cost-effective, and reliable charging infrastructure for the vehicle battery. The pivot necessity is to provide electricity to the E-vehicle efficiently and continuously. Apart from battery and grid voltage levels, electric vehicles have several systems operating at a variety of power levels. This makes the role of DC/DC converters inevitable in EV operation. This paper presents various DC/DC converter topologies that are employed in EV charging and power conversion techniques. Basic topology and working are first described along with recent developments and variants of basic topologies are also presented.
Application of Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production - A Review
Authors: L. Nawin  , Manash Kumar  , Darshan  , Chandrakant Thakur
Published: October 2024

Biodiesel stands as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels for transportation, boasting renewability, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness. However, the efficiency of biodiesel production hinges on the catalytic processes that expedite the crucial transesterification reaction between triglycerides and alcohols. The choice of catalyst becomes a multifaceted decision, influenced by factors such as feedstock quality, specific reaction conditions, and the environmental footprint associated with the catalyst itself. This comprehensive paper deals the current state of catalysts employed in biodiesel production, offering readers a nuanced understanding of the subject. The catalyst landscape is explored through an intricate analysis of various types, encompassing homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzymatic, nano, and bio-derived catalysts. A critical component of the paper is the exploration of recent advancements in catalyst synthesis techniques. This includes an assessment of the performance of these novel catalysts, elucidating their potential contributions to enhancing the biodiesel production process. By offering insights into the future prospects of these catalysts within the context of biodiesel production, the paper contributes to the evolving discourse on sustainable energy sources. In pursuit of its overarching goal, the paper aspires to furnish readers with more than just an up-to-date overview; it aims to provide a thorough examination of the prevailing trends and challenges in the realm of catalyst utilization for biodiesel production. As the world seeks greener alternatives, this paper offers valuable insights that extend beyond the present, fostering a deeper understanding of the dynamics shaping the future of biodiesel production and sustainable transportation.
Multifaceted Analysis of L-Alanine-Doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate Single Crystals for Optical Modulation Application
Authors: C. Ramajeya  , K. Balasubramanian
Published: October 2024

Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate (CBS) and L-Alanine-doped Creatininium Benzene Sulphonate (ACBS) single crystals were grown using the slow evaporation technique. Xpert HighScore software was utilized to determine lattice parameters including Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM), crystallite size, and lattice strain. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups present in the samples. The thermal properties of CBS and ACBS crystals were analyzed using Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis. Optical properties including optical conductivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The mechanical characteristics of both samples were studied using Vicker’s microhardness testing, and the dielectric response was recorded for various frequencies. The second harmonic generation values of samples were compared to those of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Overall, CBS and ACBS crystals demonstrate promising characteristics as sustainable materials for optical modulation. Incorporating amino acids, such as L-Alanine, enhances the photoconductive properties of the crystals by improving charge carrier mobility and reducing recombination rates, resulting in more efficient optical modulation. This study explores the impact of doping single crystals with amino acids on their optoelectronic and dielectric properties for potential applications in optical modulation devices. Specifically, this research investigates the role of L-Alanine, a zwitterionic amino acid, in enhancing the performance of CBS single crystals, with the aim of optimizing their structural, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties for optical modulation. These findings highlight the potential of amino acid-doped single crystals in advancing optical devices, driving innovations in optoelectronics and photonics.
Impact of Binder Selection on Functional Properties of Polymer Nanocomposite Featured with Metal Oxide Nanoparticle
Authors: S. Karthikeyan  , S. Manivannan  , R. Venkatesh  , S. Karthikeyan  , Atanu Kuila  , S. Lakshmanan
Published: October 2024

The effectiveness of nanocomposite materials depends on the accuracy of the binder selection process. This process is crucial for ensuring compatibility, better adhesive behaviour, and stability during the synthesis of polymer composites with metal nanoparticles. An investigation was conducted to analyze the accuracy and efficiency of binder materials on metal nanoparticle (oxide) featured polymer composites. The investigation utilized Advanced Spectroscopic Computational Optimization Analysis (ASCOA) and high-throughput experimental methods to identify and optimize binders using computational modelling (ACM). The processes driving binder-nanoparticle interactions were unravelled by combining advanced characterization methods such as Transition Metal Oxide-based Materials (TMO-M), non-hydrolyzable sialic acid (N-HSIA), and oxygen reduction reaction process (ORR) investigations. In-depth simulation analyses were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods and gain further understanding. These simulations investigated alternative binding arrangements to maximize material performance while considering sustainability and economic factors. The results demonstrated how binder choice affects material properties, which can be valuable for designing better nanocomposite materials for specific purposes. Additionally, the ASCOA and ACM analyses revealed an accuracy ratio of more than 90% and efficiency ratios of 86% and 84% for ASCOA and ACM, respectively.
ZnSnS Nanoparticles Synthesized by Simple SMI Technique for Photocatalytic Application
Authors: K. Valliyammal  , R. Sakthi Sudar Saravanan
Published: October 2024

Photocatalysis, driven by semiconductor nanoparticles under visible or ultraviolet light, has emerged as a powerful and sustainable approach for environmental remediation and clean energy production. In this study, we investigate the photocatalytic potential of tin (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) mole % alloyed with zinc sulfide (ZnSnS) nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for various environment and energy-related applications. ZnSnS nanoparticles were produced via a simple microwave irradiation technique. Comprehensive structural characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM, EDAX and HRTEM confirmed the successful incorporation of tin atoms into the ZnS crystal lattice. Optical study indicated significant blue shifts in the absorption edge, extending the light absorption into the visible region, a key advantage for photocatalytic applications. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of Zn-alloyed SnS nanoparticles in degrading organic pollutants and hydrogen evolution from water splitting reactions. Our results revealed remarkable enhancements in photocatalytic activity. The enhanced efficiency can be credited to the creation of fresh energy levels within the bandgap, aiding in the separation and movement of charges, and also to the heightened light absorption caused by the reduced bandgap. Furthermore, stability tests indicated the durability of (ZnSnS) nanoparticles, making them suitable candidates for long-term applications in real-world environments. The observed photocatalytic activity enhancements hold promise for addressing environmental issues, including wastewater treatment, air purification, and hydrogen production for clean energy.
Innovative Use of Eco-Enzymes for Domestic Wastewater Purification
Authors: Sahil Salvi  , Ranjeet Sabale  , Sudarshan Bobade  , Arun Dhawale
Published: October 2024

The rapid pace of urbanization and the resultant increase in waste generation have significantly escalated the challenges associated with managing organic waste. In line with contemporary sustainable practices, it is imperative to recycle and repurpose waste effectively. This study investigates the use of eco-enzyme, an environmentally friendly product derived from fruit and vegetable scraps, along with natural sweeteners, in the treatment of domestic wastewater. The study assessed the impact of eco-enzyme concentrations at 15% and 20% over a five-day period. Results demonstrated that treated wastewater met irrigation standards after the treatment period. Parameters such as acidity, dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and microbial counts were analyzed. The 15% eco-enzyme solution reduced biochemical oxygen demand by 90.54% and chemical oxygen demand by 83.33%, while the 20% solution achieved reductions of 94.20% and 86.34%, respectively. Dissolved solids levels were reduced to 412 ppm and 422 ppm for the 15% and 20% solutions, respectively, and microbial counts decreased significantly. However, the study is limited by the short duration of the treatment period and the scope of the parameters analyzed, which may not fully capture the long-term effectiveness and broader environmental impacts of eco-enzyme use. This research underscores the potential of eco-enzyme technology in enhancing wastewater treatment processes, promoting environmental sustainability, and alleviating the burden on waste management systems. The eco-enzyme production process is straightforward and accessible, involving the fermentation of kitchen waste, and can be readily adopted in both urban and rural settings. Further research is recommended to optimize the fermentation process, reduce digestion time, and explore the broader applications of eco-enzymes in fields such as agriculture and domestic cleaning.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Transition Metal (Ni) Doped ZnS Nanoparticles Synthesized via Simple Solvothermal Route
Authors: K. Valliyammal  , R. Sakthi Sudar Saravanan
Published: October 2024

Ni doped ZnS nanoparticles were obtained using the simple Solvothermal Microwave Irradiation (SMI) method in this research. This technique is cost-effective and results in a high level of uniformity in particle size. The sample's structural characteristics were examined utilizing XRD Technique, FESEM image, Elemental analysis of the as prepared sample obtained from EDX spectrum and their optical characteristics analysed by using UV-Visible absorption study. The XRD pattern of Ni doped ZnS nanoparticles were to obtain their crystallite size (D), lattice constant (a), and volume of the unit cell (V). As the concentration of Ni dopant increased (0, 2.5, 5.0) M %, the values of the lattice constant decreased, leading to an overall decrease in the volume of the unit cell. FESEM images reveals the sample have uniform surface morphology and EDX analysis give evidence for element Zn, Ni, S presents in the sample. Ni doped ZnS nanoparticle dimension strongly influences their optical characteristics. The optical bandgap, as obtained from UV-Vis measurements, ranges from 3.54 eV to 3.50 eV with doping concentrations varying from 0 M% to 5.0 M% .This adjustment in optical properties suggests that Ni-doped ZnS nanoparticles have diverse applications in optoelectronics, sensors, UV detectors, and as an efficient photocatalyst for degrading pollutants in water. The efficiency of the degradation of Methylene Blue dye by Ni doped ZnS nanoparticles was found to be 75.19%.
An Experimental Investigation on Nano-Enhanced Tertiary Blended Concrete Incorporating Industrial Wastes
Authors: Kiran Kumar Poloju  , Shalini Annadurai  , Mallikarjuna Rao  , Prabu Baskar  , K. S. Elango
Published: October 2024

Concrete is a crucial material in the construction industry; however, its production process releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Undoubtedly, the building sector's increasing global interest unveils a challenge to its ability to withstand cement alternatives and manage the resulting outflows. Fly ash, GGBS (ground granulated blast furnace slag), Zeolite, rice husk, silica fume, metakaolin, and various industry by-products can typically replace cement. This research study aims to replace cement with multiple cementitious materials, individually and in combination, to evaluate the strength characteristics of blended concrete. The replacement percentages ranged from 0 to 30% for each substitute material, such as fly ash, GGBS, and Zeolite, and strength tests were done to assess the performance of the modified concrete after 7 and 28 days of water curing. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is used to create M30 and M50 grades of concrete. Similarly, cement was replaced with fly ash, GGBS, and Zeolite in amounts ranging from 10 to 30% for M30 and M50 grades, and their strength was evaluated after 7 and 28 days of curing. The most efficient percentage of substitution for both the concrete grades is determined, and the corresponding replacement ratio is used to produce the blended concrete, which incorporates cement, fly ash, GGBS, and Zeolite. The overall findings reveal that the composite concrete, comprising four binding materials, demonstrated superior strength for the concrete grade compared to alternative substitutes. The optimal mixture ratios for M30 concrete after 28 days consist of 20% fly ash, 20% GGBS, and 10% zeolite. Moreover, different ratios of Zeolite-10%, Fly-Ash-30%, and GGBS-20% were used to produce M50 concrete.
Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Areca, Pineapple and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites for Aerospace Applications
Authors: N. Lenin Rakesh  , K. Selvakumar  , V. Mohanavel
Published: October 2024

In the current scenario, the focus on applying natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites in aerospace applications has increased tremendously due to their attractive characteristics such as lightweight, higher strength-to-weight ratio, good thermal stability at environmental temperatures, resistance to corrosion, sound absorbing capability and increased fuel efficiency. Further, studies on Bi-directionally oriented fiber composites have more advantages than the random or unidirectional orientation, such as uniform stress distribution and improved bonding at the interface. So, the present work focuses on using the Areca, Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) and Glass fiber as the bi-directional fiber mat for reinforcing it into Epoxy polymer. The three different materials were fabricated by changing the fiber type with constant volume fraction and orientation. The martial characterization was done on the fabricated composites in order to evaluate their orientation effectiveness through density, moisture absorption, tensile, impact, hardness and thermal degradation. The bonding relationship was analyzed through a Scanning Electron Microscope. The results showed that the properties obtained were higher for the PALF composite than the areca composites due to the fact that the higher surface area of PALF fibers is confirmed through SEM analysis.
Energy Potential and Properties of Agro Biomass Briquettes with Nano Kaolin Binder for Sustainable Environment
Authors: D. Ambika  , N. Atthikumaran  , R. Boopathi  , E. K. Mohanraj
Published: October 2024

The utilization of Tanner’s Cassia waste (T) and African Wonder tree waste (A) in the biomass production chain presents an opportunity for generating value-added products and enhancing productivity. Incinerating these wastes can pose environmental challenges; however, transforming them into briquettes offers a sustainable approach to produce high-energy fuel. This study investigated various mixtures of Tanner’s Cassia and African Wonder Tree waste, denoted as TA1 (0:100), TA2 (25:75), TA3 (50:50), TA4 (75:25), and TA5 (100:0), with the addition of 20% nano kaolin as a binder. The resulting briquettes underwent thorough analysis including physical, SEM and elemental analysis. The density of the TA briquettes ranged from 836.38 to 1105. 57 kg/m3. Key metrics evaluated include ash content, moisture content, volatile content, and fixed carbon content. The results for TA1 (0:100) are 11.22% ash, 5.73% moisture, 69.39% volatile, and 13.66% fixed carbon, while for TA5 (100:0), they are 14.17% ash, 9.87% moisture, 58.07% volatile, and 17.89% fixed carbon, showing a trend of increasing ash and fixed carbon content and decreasing moisture and volatile content across the samples. The SEM analysis of the briquettes reveals distinct characteristics for each mix ratio. Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis indicated carbon and oxygen as the major elements, with 54.48 wt.% and 37.92 wt.%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of TA briquettes with a 20% nano kaolin binder as a viable alternative energy source due to their low moisture and ash content, coupled with a high calorific value.
Impacts of Zirconium Carbide Incorporated Magnesium Alloy Nanocomposite on Wear Properties
Authors: Pandian Rajendiran  , Vinayagam Mohanavel
Published: October 2024

In the study, zirconium carbide nanoparticle (ZrC-50 nm) incorporated magnesium alloy (AZ61) nanocomposite was prepared by liquid state stir cast process, and its wear properties were evaluated by different load (U), sliding speed (V), and sliding distance (W). The impacts on wear rate (WR) and coefficient of friction (COF) of AZ61 alloy nanocomposite were studied. With the support of a pin-on-disc wear tester, the dry sliding wear characteristics were measured. Moreover, to find the optimum process parameter on minimum WR and better COF characteristics, the L27 orthogonal array utilized U, V, and W as the input factors, and the WR & COF were treated as output responses. Based on the analysis, load was found to be the most dominant input factor that influences the WR and sliding distance was the factor for fixing the COF.
Investigation of BaZrO3 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Activity and the Effects of Y-doping
Authors: C. Chinnusamy  , R. Thiyagarajan
Published: October 2024

A straightforward co-precipitation technique with yttrium doping (X = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) was used to fabricate perovskite Ba1−xYxZrO3 nanoparticles. Employing Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique, the compound was characterized and found to have a perovskite structure crystallized in a cubic lattice. Images from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show plenty of pores between the grains and a structure resembling a rod. The purity and formation of B-site in the nanostructure was confirmed by a Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer. The UV-Vis profile and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the powder were also ascertained. Using methylene blue as a model organic pollutant, the powder as a photocatalyst was tested for two hours under UV light irradiation. The Y-doped nanoparticles broke down the dye by ∼98.5% at pH = 8 when exposed to UV light. The enhanced photocatalytic performance exhibited by Y-doped BaZrO3 nanoparticles can be attributed to their efficient charge separation and increased adsorption capabilities by the presence of BaZrO3.
Balancing Sustainability and Strength: Analyzing the Effects of Textile, Tannery, and Water Treatment Sludge on Brick Performance
Authors: Mehna Najeem Arisiketty  , Daniel Cruze
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the feasibility of incorporating various industrial waste materials, specifically textile sludge, tannery sludge, and water treatment plant sludge, in brick production as a sustainable construction practice. The research analyses the impact of varying sludge proportions on the compressive strength of fired clay bricks. Results indicate an inverse relationship between increasing sludge content and compressive strength across all types. Bricks incorporating higher proportions of textile sludge exhibited a linear decrease in compressive strength, ranging from 0.1 MPa to a low of 0.005 MPa. Similarly, increasing the ratio of tannery sludge to fly ash Class C and Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag within the brick mixture consistently corresponded with reduced compressive strength, with a 5:70:25 mix yielding 0.8 MPa and a 40:30:30 proportion resulting in 0.17 MPa. Water treatment plant sludge exhibited a similar trend. A mix proportion of 5:70:25 (sludge: fly ash class C: GGBS) yielded a compressive strength of 1.87 MPa while increasing the sludge proportion to 40:50:10 resulted in a lower compressive strength of 1.20 MPa. These findings underscore the importance of a balanced approach when incorporating industrial sledges in brick production. While beneficial from a sustainability perspective, the observed reduction in compressive strength, particularly compared to conventional clay bricks exceeding 2.5 MPa, necessitates careful consideration. Future research should focus on optimizing mix designs, incorporating performance-enhancing additives, or identifying applications where lower compressive strengths are acceptable to fully realize the potential of these waste materials in sustainable construction.
Enhancing Drilling Performance in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites Using Taguchi Method for Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: K. Raja  , M. S. Senthil Kumar  , A. Karthik  , L. Sampath Kumar
Published: October 2024

The current research work focuses on optimizing drilling parameters for Sesbania rostrata fiber-reinforced polycaprolactone (PCL) biocomposites using the Taguchi method and ANOVA to improve hole quality, particularly to minimize delamination. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was employed with three factors: spindle speed (300, 750, and 1800 rpm), feed rate (0.05, 0.12, and 0.25 mm/rev), and drill size (4, 8, and 10 mm). The experimental results showed that drill size had the most significant effect on thrust force, with a contribution rate of 99.29%, whereas spindle speed primarily influenced delamination, contributing 67.65%. Optimal parameters were determined to be a spindle speed of 300 rpm, a feed rate of 0.25 mm/rev, and a drill size of 10 mm. These findings are significant for industries using biocomposites, offering sustainable solutions with enhanced machining performance.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pure and Bi-doped ZnS Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Application
Authors: T. Shobana  , T. Venkatesan  , R. Sakthi Sudar Saravanan  , D. Kathirvel  , K. Valliyammal
Published: October 2024

In the present research, a simple solvothermal microwave irradiation (SMI) method has been adopted for the preparation and synthesis of pure and Bi doped ZnS nanoparticles using zinc acetate, bismuth acetate, thiourea and ethylene glycol were utilized as precursors. As-synthesized pure and Bi doped ZnS nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). From the XRD and EDAX studies, crystallite size, lattice parameter and analysis of the elemental compositions are calculated and analyzed respectively. The UV-vis spectra revealed that the optical band gap energy of pure and Bi doped ZnS nanoparticles was calculated. The FESEM shows that the average particle size spherical and agglomerated of as-synthesized pure and Bi doped ZnS nanoparticles sizes were decreased. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of pure and Bi doped ZnS nanoparticles was studied with methylene blue dye in an aqueous solution under UV light irradiation; the 5.0 mol % of Bi doped ZnS nanoparticles dye degradation efficiency of the sample was calculated as 75% in 120 minutes.