bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Falak untuk Mahasiswa di UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung
Authors: Cholis Nur , Sholihah Farid Imroatus , Krisno Wicaksono Yudi
Published: February 2025

Mathematics learning in higher education, especially in the Mathematics Education Study Program of the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung, has not fully accommodated the religious context, especially in astronomy. This causes students to feel difficult and less motivated to study astronomy. This study focuses on the integration of mathematics and astronomy in teaching materials. The integration effort then resulted in the research objective, namely to develop teaching materials that integrate mathematical concepts with astronomy, so that it can improve students' understanding and motivation in learning. The type of research used is development (R&D) with the ADDIE model which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study show that the development of teaching materials that integrate mathematics and astronomy is categorized as effective in improving students' understanding and interest. The resulting textbooks not only contain theory, but also practical applications and Islamic values. The integration of mathematics and astronomy in teaching materials has proven to be effective in improving the quality of learning. The development of this textbook is expected to be a reference for teachers and help students understand complex concepts, as well as instill religious values ​​in the learning process.
 
Pembelajaran matematika di perguruan tinggi, khususnya di Program Studi Tadris Matematika Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung belum sepenuhnya mengakomodasi konteks keagamaan, terutama dalam ilmu falak. Hal ini mengakibatkan mahasiswa merasa kesulitan dan kurang termotivasi untuk mempelajari falak. Penelitian ini berfokus pada integrasi antara matematika dan ilmu falak dalam bahan ajar. Usaha integrasi tersebut kemudian menghasilkan tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar yang mengintegrasikan konsep-konsep matematika dengan ilmu falak, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan motivasi mahasiswa dalam belajar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengembangan (R&D) dengan model ADDIE yang meliputi lima tahap: analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, dan evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan bahan ajar yang mengintegrasikan matematika dan ilmu falak masuk kategori efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan minat mahasiswa. Buku ajar yang dihasilkan tidak hanya berisi teori, tetapi juga aplikasi praktis dan nilai-nilai Islam. Integrasi antara matematika dan ilmu falak dalam bahan ajar terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Pengembangan buku ajar ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi pengajar dan membantu mahasiswa dalam memahami konsep-konsep yang kompleks, serta menanamkan nilai-nilai keagamaan dalam proses belajar.
A Language Production In Children With Dysarthria Language Disorder: A Psycholinguistic Study
Authors: Rasya Risyafa Putri
Published: February 2025

The process of language production can be impeded by various language disorders, one of which is dysarthria. Dysarthria is a condition characterized by abnormalities in the nervous system that affect the functioning of the articulatory muscles or speech organs, leading to uncertain pronunciation of both vowel and consonant phonemes. This study aims to reveal the form of language production in children with dysarthria and analyze the types of errors in their language production. The research is grounded in psycholinguistic theory and employs the error classification theories of McCaffrey (2008), M. F. Berry, and John Bisension to analyze language disorder errors. A descriptive qualitative method is used, with data sourced from speech sound production in children with dysarthria. Data collection techniques include interviews and pronunciation tests. Data analysis follows the Miles and Huberman (1994) framework, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Findings indicate that language production in children with dysarthria is marked by unclear articulation, weak voice, rapid speech tempo, and difficulties in phoneme pronunciation. Error types identified include phoneme distortion, omission, and substitution.
Abstrak
Proses produksi bahasa dapat terhambat oleh berbagai gangguan bahasa, salah satunya adalah disartria. Disartria adalah kondisi yang ditandai dengan kelainan pada sistem saraf yang mempengaruhi fungsi otot artikulator atau organ bicara, yang mengakibatkan ketidakpastian dalam pengucapan fonem vokal maupun konsonan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bentuk produksi bahasa pada anak-anak dengan disartria dan menganalisis jenis kesalahan dalam produksi bahasa mereka. Penelitian ini berlandaskan teori psikolinguis dan menggunakan teori klasifikasi kesalahan gangguan bahasa dari McCaffrey (2008), M. F. Berry, dan John Bisension untuk menganalisis kesalahan gangguan bahasa. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan sumber data dari produksi suara bicara pada anak-anak dengan disartria. Teknik pengumpulan data mencakup wawancara dan tes pengucapan. Analisis data mengikuti kerangka kerja Miles dan Huberman (1994), meliputi reduksi data, tampilan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi bahasa pada anak-anak dengan disartria ditandai dengan artikulasi yang tidak jelas, suara yang lemah, tempo bicara yang cepat, dan kesulitan dalam pengucapan fonem. Jenis kesalahan yang diidentifikasi meliputi distorsi fonem, penghilangan fonem, dan substitusi fonem.
Kata Kunci: produksi bahasa, disartria, psikolinguistik.
Grammatical Features of African American Vernacular English In King of Killbranch Album
Authors: Rio Raka Fatra  , Anit Pranita Devi
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to identify and analyze the grammatical features of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) used in King Of Killbranch album by BIG30. This research also aimed to identify the most dominant grammatical feature of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) used in King Of Killbranch album. A case study method was applied to this research. The grammatical features of AAVE were analyzed based on the theories proposed by Wolfram (2004). The data analysis procedures included reading the song lyrics, sorting and identifying song lyrics that contain AAVE grammatical features, and examining the data using Wolfram's theory. The results showed that 10 grammatical features were found such as copula absence, invariant "be", completive done, sequential be done, remote “been”, simple past had+verb, specialized auxiliaries, irregular verbs, subject-verb agreement, other verb phrase structures, negation, nominals, and question formation. Furthermore, the most dominant grammatical feature of AAVE in this album is copula absence.
Abstrak
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis fitur gramatikal African American Vernacular English (AAVE) yang digunakan dalam album King Of Killbranch milik BIG30. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fitur gramatikal African American Vernacular English (AAVE) yang paling dominan digunakan dalam album King Of Killbranch. Metode studi kasus diterapkan pada penelitian ini. Fitur tata bahasa AAVE dianalisis berdasarkan teori yang diajukan oleh Wolfram (2004). Prosedur analisis data meliputi membaca lirik lagu, mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan lirik lagu yang mengandung ciri gramatikal AAVE, dan menguji data menggunakan teori Wolfram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 10 ciri gramatikal seperti copula absence, invariant "be", completive done, sequential be done, remote “been”, simple past had+verb, specialized auxiliaries, irregular verbs, subject-verb agreement, other verb phrase structures, negation, nominals, dan question formation Selain itu, ciri gramatikal AAVE yang paling dominan dalam album ini adalah copula absence.
Cracking The Code: Noun Phrase Complexity in Efl Student Compositions
Authors: Chipta Sakti Parawali  , Siska Bochari  , Darmawan  , Sudarkam R. Mertosono
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the dominant noun phrase patterns used by EFL students and identifies the challenges they face in constructing complex noun phrases. A descriptive quantitative design was applied, involving third-semester EFL students majoring in English Education at Tadulako University. Data were collected through tests and questionnaires, validated using the SPSS program to ensure reliability. Results reveal that the most frequently used noun phrase pattern is determiner + noun, accounting for 35% of the total noun phrases produced by students. In contrast, the least utilized pattern is premodifier + noun + postmodifier, representing only 1%. The analysis indicates that sociocultural factors, particularly students' linguistic environments, significantly influence their ability to construct complex noun phrases. Addressing these challenges may involve implementing inclusive curricula and culturally responsive teaching strategies. The findings have implications for curriculum design, emphasizing the need to enhance instructional materials and provide targeted practice to improve students' mastery of complex noun phrase structures.AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji pola frasa nomina yang dominan digunakan oleh mahasiswa EFL dan mengidentifikasi tantangan yang mereka hadapi dalam membentuk frasa nomina kompleks. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan melibatkan mahasiswa EFL semester tiga yang mengambil jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris di Universitas Tadulako. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dan kuesioner yang divalidasi menggunakan program SPSS untuk memastikan keandalannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola frasa nomina yang paling sering digunakan adalah determiner + noun, yang mencakup 35% dari total frasa nomina yang dihasilkan oleh mahasiswa. Sebaliknya, pola yang paling jarang digunakan adalah premodifier + noun + postmodifier, dengan hanya 1%. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosiokultural, terutama lingkungan bahasa mahasiswa, memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan mereka dalam membentuk frasa nomina kompleks. Mengatasi tantangan ini dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan kurikulum yang inklusif dan strategi pengajaran yang responsif secara budaya. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi terhadap desain kurikulum, dengan menekankan perlunya peningkatan materi pembelajaran dan pemberian latihan yang terarah untuk meningkatkan penguasaan mahasiswa terhadap struktur frasa nomina kompleks.Kata Kunci: frasa kata benda, kompleks, pola, faktor kesulitan.
Interactive Meaning in The Photo Series “The Pancasila Values Implementation in Daily Communal Life”: A Visual Grammar
Authors: Nugroho Yusri Estu , Kurniawan Muhammad Hafiz
Published: February 2025

This analysis focuses on the interactive meaning within the visual narratives of the photo series "Penanaman Nilai Nilai Pancasila dalam Kebersamaan Sehari Hari", through the lens of visual grammar analysis. Grounded in Kress and van Leeuwen's framework of visual semiotics, the study investigates how images in the series construct social interactions and convey ideological messages related to the values of Pancasila in daily communal life. The analysis focuses on representational, interactive, and compositional meanings, with particular emphasis on the interactive dimension, exploring the role of gaze, framing, and perspective in fostering viewer engagement and promoting relational meanings. Findings reveal the subtle yet powerful ways in which everyday scenes can embody and transmit cultural ideologies. This research contributes to the understanding of visual communication in reinforcing national identity and values, offering insights into the role of imagery in social cohesion within the Indonesian context. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how visual media can serve as a tool for ideological dissemination and societal cohesion, reflecting the ongoing importance of Pancasila as a guiding principle in Indonesian life.
Abstrak Analisis ini berfokus pada makna interaktif dalam narasi visual seri foto “Penanaman Nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam Kebersamaan Sehari-hari”, melalui lensa analisis tata bahasa visual. Dengan berlandaskan pada kerangka semiotika visual Kress dan van Leeuwen, penelitian ini menyelidiki bagaimana gambar-gambar dalam seri foto tersebut mengkonstruksi interaksi sosial dan menyampaikan pesan-pesan ideologis yang berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam kehidupan bersama sehari-hari. Analisis ini berfokus pada makna representasional, interaktif, dan komposisi, dengan penekanan khusus pada dimensi interaktif, mengeksplorasi peran tatapan, pembingkaian, dan perspektif dalam mendorong keterlibatan pemirsa dan mempromosikan makna relasional. Temuan-temuan mengungkapkan cara-cara yang halus namun kuat di mana adegan sehari-hari dapat mewujudkan dan mentransmisikan ideologi budaya. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman komunikasi visual dalam memperkuat identitas dan nilai-nilai nasional, menawarkan wawasan tentang peran citra dalam kohesi sosial dalam konteks Indonesia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang bagaimana media visual dapat berfungsi sebagai alat untuk penyebaran ideologi dan kohesi sosial, yang mencerminkan pentingnya Pancasila sebagai prinsip panduan dalam kehidupan Indonesia. Kata Kunci: keyakinan, pelajar, grammar, pengajaran bahasa inggris
A comparative study on the financial inclusion status of G20 countries
Authors:   Department of Commerce, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India, Maity Sagnik , Majumder Amit ,   Department of Commerce, Bijoy Krishna Girls’ College, West Bengal, India
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The G20 forum serves as a platform for the convergence of the world's most significant and systemically crucial economies. However, recent occurrences have given rise to a state of economic upheaval on a global scale. It's essential for determining where each country stands economically. Gaining access to economic growth can be facilitated by expanding financial inclusion. This paper aims to fill this gap by thoroughly analysing financial inclusion in the G20 nations.
Methodology: This study creates a financial inclusion index based on three dimensions: banking penetration, disbursement, and services. And distributed countries as per their index score in three levels: high, middle, and low, where 1 indicates complete inclusion and 0 indicates no inclusion.
Findings: The research reveals that among the 20 countries analysed, 11 exhibited significant advancements in financial inclusion, while six were categorised as moderately progressing, and three were classified as having low levels of progress. Japan obtained a comparatively elevated score on the index, whereas Mexico registered the least score.
Originality: The present research aims to assist policymakers and regulators in developing a structural framework for countries with low levels of inclusion. The findings indicate that enhancing the accessibility and adoption of official financial services among underprivileged segments of the population could be advantageous in maximizing the overall welfare of society.
Building Resilience to Public Safety Power Shutoffs Through Public Education
Authors: Koundinya Vikram , Chiarella Cristina , Kocher Susan , Kearns Faith , Drill Sabrina
Published: February 2025

Public Safety Power Shutoff events are being implemented in California to reduce wildfire impacts. We surveyed California residents to identify their information needs and understand the potential role of University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) in power shutoff management. A majority of respondents need information on alternative power sources and community power systems. Most respondents indicated family, friends, and neighbors as the important group to manage power shutoff. UCCE was least used and preferred source for power shutoff information. Our findings reveal a need for Cooperative Extension to play an important role in power shutoff management and educating the public.
Mixed Evidence for Interactive Effects of Outgroup Proportions and Intergroup Contact on Racial Bias in the United States
Authors: Rae James Richard , Skinner Allison Louise , Reiman Anna
Published: February 2025

Dominant majority-group members living in areas with larger proportions of outgroup members tend to express more ingroup bias. However, prior research has rarely considered this in tandem with the bias-reducing effects of intergroup contact or tested whether outgroup proportions have similar effects for oppressed minority-group members. In two preregistered studies, we tested whether contact moderates the association between outgroup proportions and ingroup bias among White and Black Americans (total N>75,000). As hypothesized, more Black residents in an area predicted greater explicit (but not implicit) ingroup bias among White respondents who reported low (but not high) contact with Black people. By contrast, more White residents in an area predicted lower explicit (but not implicit) ingroup bias among Black respondents regardless of intergroup contact with White people. We qualify previous findings by demonstrating that the association between outgroup proportions and ingroup bias depends on one’s group membership and level of intergroup contact.
Associations of neighborhood threat and deprivation with psychopathology: Uncovering neural mechanisms
Authors: Vargas Teresa
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAssessing dimensions of neighborhoods could aid identification of contextual features that influence psychopathology in children and contribute to uncovering mechanisms underlying these associations. MethodThe ABCD sample included 11,868 participants aged 9-10 from 21 U.S. sites. Mixed effect and structural equation models estimated associations of neighborhood threat and deprivation with psychopathology symptoms and indirect effects. Hypothesized mechanisms included emotion processing (adaptation to emotional conflict, task-active ROIs for emotional n-back) and cognition (EF and task-active ROIs for the stop-signal task); additional exploratory analyses included neural function (of amygdala to network and within-network resting state connectivity). ResultsAssociations of neighborhood deprivation and all symptom domains were mediated by EF and with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were mediated by connectivity within retrosplenial temporal and dorsal attention networks. In contrast, neighborhood threat was uniquely associated with attention difficulties, internalizing problems, and PLEs via increased within-network connectivity in the default mode network, with PLEs through within visual network connectivity, and with PLEs and externalizing symptoms through amygdala-to-sensorimotor network connectivity.ConclusionNeighborhood deprivation and threat predicted symptoms through distinct neural and cognitive pathways, with implications for prevention and intervention efforts at individual and contextual levels.
A history of intergroup relations research [2012 chapter]
Authors: Dovidio John , Reiman Anna
Published: February 2025

Because of psychology’s traditional emphasis on the individual, the study of intergroup relations did not capture the sustained interest of the field until the 1930s. This chapter chronicles the history of the social psychology of intergroup relations, considering systematic social and political influences on the academic development of this scholarly topic. The chapter reviews, chronologically and intellectually, the development of the study of intergroup relations within psychology from early work demonstrating the extensiveness of intergroup bias, to the field’s emphasis on the psychopathology of bias and then on normative influences, and finally on the ubiquity, and potential “normality,” of intergroup bias. We discuss how North American and European intellectual traditions influenced different perspectives on intergroup relations. We conclude by suggesting how current developments in the field generally and within social psychology in particular may shape research on this topic in the future.
Evoking Gender Distinctiveness Threat in Cisgender Women Lowers Their Support for Gender-Inclusive Bathroom Policies
Authors: Hayes Talia R. , Reiman Anna
Published: February 2025

Some cisgender women oppose policies granting transgender women access to women-only bathrooms. We examined whether this opposition stems from perceiving that transgender women threaten the distinctiveness of the social category “women” (gender distinctiveness threat). Cisgender women (N=520) read about a state bill enabling transgender women to use women’s bathrooms. Participants further read that enacting the bill would mean their state officially believes that “transgender women are real women” or “transgender rights are human rights”; in the control condition, this information was omitted. Participants reported their support for the bill and level of gender distinctiveness threat. Cisgender women who read that the bill would imply their state believes transgender women are real women (vs. transgender rights are human rights) reported lower bill support, and this effect was mediated by distinctiveness threat. Perceived threat to the distinctiveness of womanhood may help explain cisgender women’s reluctance to include transgender women in women-only spaces.
A Drive to Survive: the free energy principle and the meaning of life
Authors: Nave Kathryn
Published: February 2025

[Final version available as Open Access PDF from MIT Press: https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5897/A-Drive-to-SurviveThe-Free-Energy-Principle-and]The Free Energy Principle proposes to reduce the goal-directed behaviour of a living agent to the preservation of homeostasis and then to analyse cognition as the process of pursuing this goal. I argue that this stability-based account fails to capture the two features that distinguish the intentional actions of biological agents from the mere movements of inanimate machines: namely 1) the precarious dependence of their bodily structure upon the very metabolic processes that it supports and 2) their potential for developmental changes in this structure. It is only by rejecting the presumption of a machine-style separation between structure and processes that we can capture this uniquely precarious status of living systems, in virtue of which they may be described as autonomous agents, acting towards the goal of their own continued survival.
Psychological outcomes from a citizen science study on microplastics from household clothes washing
Authors: Brick Cameron , Bosshard Anna , Boven Bernou , Hijink Julia , Praetorius Antonia , Jacobs Lies
Published: February 2025

Microplastic pollution from synthetic microfibers is an increasing concern to human and ecological health, and household clothes washing is a major contributor to microplastic emissions. Consumer choices and washing behaviors could reduce this pollution, yet the psychological and behavioral drivers of these actions remain unknown and the generalizability of previous findings is unclear. We conducted a pre-registered, three-month citizen science project in which Dutch residents used microfiber-capturing laundry bags at home. Participants completed pre- and post-study surveys to assess psychological factors such as perceived responsibility and specific washing behaviors like load size and washing temperature. Psychological variables relating to environmental concern and engagement were high in the citizen scientists compared to the general population. Awareness and perceived responsibility increased modestly after citizen science participation, but there were no significant changes in identity, personal norms, social norms about sustainability, perceived behavioral control, or intentions to use a laundry bag to capture microfibers. After the study citizen scientists felt less capable of reducing microplastic pollution by using laundry bags. To assess generalizability, we also compared the citizen scientists to a control sample of urban Dutch residents. Consistent with hypotheses, citizen scientists were more likely to be female and highly educated. Key washing behaviors were weakly or uncorrelated with demographics or psychological factors, suggesting that interventions on washing behaviors might focus on specific behaviors and skill development rather than general concern. This pattern also suggests that the differences in demographics between citizen scientists and the general population may be less of a concern for developing interventions than previously suggested. Citizen science is a viable method for studying household washing under real-world conditions and provides insights for designing targeted behavioral interventions.
An Imagined Golden Past: The Cognitive Foundations of Decline Narratives in Human Societies
Authors: Hong Ze
Published: February 2025

In this paper, I examine the widespread phenomenon of decline narratives in human societies, where the past is idealized as a “golden age” characterized by extraordinary abundance, strength, longevity, and supernatural powers, in contrast to a flawed present. Drawing on ethnographic, historical, and psychological evidence, I explore the cultural manifestations and cognitive foundations of these narratives. The analysis highlights the roles of cognitive biases such as rosy retrospection and narrative inflation, as well as the strategic use of temporal distancing to rationalize fantastical beliefs by situating them in a distant, unfalsifiable past. By comparing decline narratives in traditional societies with progress narratives in modern, industrialized contexts, I discuss how these contrasting frameworks shape cultural attitudes toward tradition and change and consider their broader implications for understanding how cultural narratives influence human behavior.
Causal coherence: Structural dynamics of belief and attitude in moral trade-offs
Authors: Runagall-McNaull Aidan
Published: February 2025

The most pressing issues we face involve resolving conflict between our moral beliefs. However, the mechanism by which agents evaluate moral trade-offs is poorly understood. We extend and test a psychological framework of moral trade-offs, under which judgment is a product of revising relevant beliefs to achieve coherence, in response to structural constraints imposed by the decision problem. Whilst traditional applications of coherence to moral judgements have been post-hoc, coherence on our view is causally involved in judgement. We develop a novel experimental dilemma concerning the issue of climate justice, which enables decision relevant beliefs to be measured before and after the dilemma is evaluated. We also estimate the coherence between these beliefs and their consistency with available choice options. Across two studies (N= 851) we examine the core predictions of this framework, including the causal role of coherence-based belief change in moral judgement. In both studies, participants re-evaluated their beliefs to become more internally coherent and more consistent with their judgement, polarising the beliefs of participants reaching competing conclusions. Coherence and consistency also separately predicted metacognitive properties of judgement such as confidence and perceived task difficulty. Network analyses demonstrated a restructuring of the belief network and an increase in the strength of partial associations between beliefs over judgement. Overall, these results provide strong support for a coherence-based framework of moral trade-offs. Whilst judgement involves revising beliefs to achieve a coherent arrangement, the choice option selected depends on the aggregate weight of these beliefs once the revision process is completed.
How Cisgender People Define “Transgender” Is Associated with Attitudes Toward Transgender People
Authors: Reiman Anna , Ocasio Tianny , Mezzapelle Jennifer L.
Published: February 2025

Prior work suggests that some cisgender people do not consider gender identity when thinking about what being transgender means, and that exposure to a definition of transgender can reduce negative attitudes toward transgender people. In two studies, we sought to integrate these lines of research by examining whether anti-transgender attitudes are associated with how cisgender people define the term transgender. In Study 1, 293 participants (132 female and 157 male; four participants did not report their sex/gender) recruited via Mechanical Turk were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. Participants in one condition first read a definition of “transgender” that referred to gender identity and then reported their attitudes toward transgender people. Participants in the other condition did not read the definition and instead simply reported their attitudes toward transgender people. Contrary to predictions, exposure (vs. lack thereof) to the definition did not affect attitudes. However, participants who identified gender identity as a central component of the definition of transgender on a manipulation check endorsed more positive attitudes. In Study 2, 295 cisgender participants (165 women and 130 men; recruited via Mechanical Turk) wrote down their own definitions of transgender. Participants who spontaneously included (vs. did not include) gender identity in their definitions reported distinctively positive attitudes. Observed effects held over and above individual differences in cognitive style, gender identification, contact with transgender people, and participant gender. How cisgender people think about gender identity may thus index their attitudes toward transgender people.
Swear Word Fluency
Authors: Reiman Anna , Earleywine Mitchell
Published: February 2025

Swearing is stereotypically associated with socially undesirable traits and behaviors, including limited verbal ability, disagreeable personality, and alcohol use. We sought to demonstrate that, contrary to such stereotypes, swear word fluency (i.e., ability to generate swear words) does not arise from a lack of verbal skills. We also explored whether swear word fluency might serve as an index of personality traits related to drug use. Accordingly, we conducted a preregistered study in which 266 undergraduates at a U.S. university (mean age = 19.36; 66.9% self-identified as women and 49.6% as White) completed measures of swear word fluency, verbal fluency (i.e., overall ability to generate words), vocabulary, Big Five traits, sensation seeking, and drug use. We observed positive associations between swear word fluency and verbal fluency, vocabulary, Openness, and Extraversion, and a negative association with Agreeableness. Moreover, swear word fluency accounted for unique variance in self-reported drug use over-and-above that accounted for by personality and general verbal ability. Swear word fluency might serve as one of few tasks where higher scores predict more drug involvement, justifying further work linking this measure with other aspects of personality and drug use.
Constructing spatial situation models during reading comics vs texts
Authors: Pagkratidou Marianna , Galati Alexia , Avraamides Marios N
Published: February 2025

When reading comics, do people monitor the protagonist’s spatial shifts in their mental representations of the depicted environment? To answer that we examined the location effect, i.e., the well-documented finding that information about the room in which the protagonist is located is more accessible compared to other rooms. Across two experiments, participants first encoded object locations visually (Experiments 1a and 1b) or verbally (Experiment 2), and then, while reading stories, via texts or comics, they responded to prompts about whether objects were in the same or different rooms. In Experiment 1a and 2, but not 1b, participants were instructed to attend to spatial relations. Participants monitored spatial shifts with texts and comics when the environment was encoded visually. However, with comics, participants monitored shifts even without instructions to attend to spatial relations. Overall, findings suggest that comics can support the construction of situation models and may even be more efficient to foreground spatial shifts than texts.
Psychological Distress and Negative Life Events Among University Students: Mapping Patterns of Exposure and Impact
Authors: Greenwell-Barnden Jayden N , Notebaert Lies , Clarke Patrick
Published: February 2025

Background: Early adulthood and commencing university coincide with new life circumstances for many students which increases exposure to negative life events (NLE). Such events can have lasting impacts on student mental health. An exploratory study was conducted in a student sample to examine the frequency of NLE, event co-occurrence, and associated mental health outcomes. Methods: Six-hundred-and-fifty university students completed the Negative Life Events Scale for Students and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Normative data was examined for NLE’s experienced by women and men across the lifespan, and in the last 12-months to provide an overview of students’ experience. An exploratory factor analysis on the experience of NLE in the last 12-months examined co-occurrence of events and associated vulnerability. Results: Ninety-eight percent of students experienced at least one NLE, and 50% were experienced in the last 12-months. Events relating to academic problems and domestic violence were associated with poorer mental health, were common, and occurred relatively recently. Six factors were identified demonstrating some NLE co-occur. Conclusions: These findings confirm the high prevalence of NLE among university students, with psychological/addiction issues and academic pressures had the strongest associations with poorer mental health. Findings may inform targeted student mental health support programs.
When Group Members Dissent: A Direct Comparison of the Black Sheep and Intergroup Sensitivity Effects
Authors: Reiman Anna , Killoran Tina
Published: February 2025

How do people react to opinion conflict occurring within an ingroup? Whereas some work suggests that dissenting ingroup members evoke more negativity than equivalently dissenting outgroup members (termed the black sheep effect), other research instead finds that people are more receptive to dissent from within the group relative to the same opinion originating from outsiders (termed the intergroup sensitivity effect). We sought to integrate these largely independent lines of work by investigating how people react to opinion conflict within and between groups based on U.S. political party affiliation. Participants read about a target person, “Robert C.,” with whom they shared or did not share party affiliation. Robert C. criticized (Study 1; N = 637; preregistered) or insulted (Study 2; N = 647; preregistered) the Democratic or Republican party. Ingroup members who criticized or insulted the ingroup elicited more negativity than outgroup members who criticized or insulted the outgroup, representing the black sheep effect. Moreover, criticism and insults targeting the ingroup elicited more negativity when they originated from an outgroup (vs. ingroup) member, representing the intergroup sensitivity effect. Taken together, the present studies demonstrate that whereas ingroup critics are at times perceived as black sheep, they are also afforded a degree of benefit of the doubt. We suggest that both of these effects may be driven by social identity concerns.
Effects of instructional and motivational self-talk on motor skills: A meta-analysis
Authors: Iwatsuki Takehiro
Published: February 2025

Motor learning researchers have shown that people directed to use externally focused cues perform better than those directed to use internally focused cues. The effects of external and internal self-talk have not been systematically explored in the sport psychology self-talk literature. This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate instructional self-talk in sport by comparing: (a) general instructional self-talk to motivational and no or unrelated self-talk; and (b) external instructional self-talk to other types of instructional self-talk. A database search yielded 32 studies that met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analysis. Effect sizes were calculated and categorized as: instructional self-talk, motivational self-talk, and control. Risk of bias assessment analysis showed that all 32 of the self-talk studies were at high-risk of bias. Regarding the effects of self-talk on performance, both instructional and motivational self-talk enhanced motor performance compared to no or unrelated self-talk groups. Moderator analysis revealed that the effect of external instructional self-talk was significantly larger than internal, not purely external, or unclear instructional self-talk. Based on these findings, sport psychology research directly comparing external to internal instructional self-talk and control conditions is justified. Sport psychology researchers should consider bias assessment and management in their sport self-talk research.
Echoes of Doubt. The Impostor Phenomenon as an Internalized Barrier for Educational Advancement
Authors: Jansen Max P.
Published: February 2025

The Impostor Phenomenon (IP) represents a popular research topic among scholars in various disciplines, frequently approached through a lens of individualization and pathologization. This study explores its relevance within the educational domain and contextualizes the IP by examining its association with social group membership along the dimensions of gender, immigration origin, and socioeconomic status. Providing empirical insights into the implications of the IP for social upward mobility through educational gains, this study addresses two research questions: (1) “who is particularly affected by the IP?” and (2) “is the IP negatively associated with educational efficacy beliefs and educational aspirations?”. To investigate these questions, the study applies a sociological framework for understanding the IP from a lens of social theory and examines its social stratification drawing on data from a register-based data collection among German adolescents aged 15-18 (n=4,697). The results of linear regression and probability models for three dependent variables show that (1) the IP is positively associated with disadvantaged social group membership, whereas it is negatively associated with two drivers for educational upward mobility, namely (2) educational efficacy beliefs and (3) educational aspirations. These findings suggest that the IP can undermine opportunities for social upward mobility by reinforcing internalized notions of inadequacy and not belonging to higher educational spheres. As individuals from disadvantaged social groups are more susceptible to the IP, which is associated with lower confidence in educational abilities and reduced pursuit of higher education, the IP appears to constitute an internalized barrier to upward social mobility. These results highlight the societal role of the IP, emphasize the value of understanding it from a sociological perspective, and demonstrate the importance of analyzing it through a lens of social stratification, both within and beyond the educational domain.
Stigmas of old age: sexuality and productivity in later life
Authors: Morvillo Milena Costa , Custodio Vagner Sergio
Published: February 2025

This study explored the stigmas associated with aging, with an emphasis on bodily aspects and sexuality in late adulthood. From this perspective, the research examined how demographic changes and increased life expectancy can foster a more positive outlook on this stage of life. Examples include greater representation of older adults in the media, reduced prejudices related to productivity, greater acceptance of sexuality, and improvements in self-esteem and body image within this population. Through an extensive bibliographic review, the study highlighted how negative social constructs can adversely affect the quality of life of older adults. Consequently, it emphasized the need for more effective public policies, including awareness campaigns and a critical reassessment of normative discourses, as a way to challenge stereotypes and promote inclusion and respect for diversity in aging.
Navigating Menu Complexities: Analyzing the Impact on Mid-Level Restaurant Performance in Coimbatore
Authors: V SATHISH , Ashokkumar Palaniyandi , S MANIKANDAN
Published: February 2025

Menu management is one of the important aspect of restaurant operations, whichinfluences the customer satisfaction, the efficiency of operations, and the overall profitability ofthe outlet. This paper examines menu management, its complexities and its impact on theperformance of mid-level restaurants in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Through a mixed-methodsapproach, incorporating surveys and interviews with restaurant owners, managers, and chefs, theresearch identifies key challenges such as balancing customer preferences, maintainingingredient availability, controlling food costs, and ensuring seamless kitchen operations. Thestudy further explores how menu design, pricing strategies, and periodic updates influencecustomer retention and profitability in a competitive market. Findings reveal that an optimalmenu strategy—one that aligns with market trends, operational capabilities, and customerdemands—can significantly enhance restaurant performance. This paper provides actionableinsights into best practices for menu management and underscores its role as a vital driver ofsuccess in Coimbatore's mid-level restaurant industry.
The multiple grounds of global research. Describing the shape of Globalization studies in three different language-specific spaces.
Authors: Milia Matías F. , Arvanitis Rigas
Published: February 2025

This paper presents evidence about the convergences and contrasts in globalization research across English, French, and Spanish. Performing a semantic mapping of scientific publication in three language-oriented databases (Web of Science, HAL-SHS, and SciELO) presents patterns for how globalization has been framed around distinct and shared objects in three linguistic spaces. Results show a marked contrast between research performed in English, focused on finance, global governance, and business competition; in French, stressing territorial dimensions and historical contexts; and in Spanish, stressing developmental challenges and impacts of rising trade openess. Still, convergences emerge around shared research objects like social movements, human-nature relations, and higher education. By comparing similarities and language-based traits, this study illustrates the critical role of language in scientific communication, grasping existent multiplicity in Globalization research. This comparison reveals that globalization research, rather than representing a uniform global conversation, reflects a complex interplay of local and global perspectives, where language serves not only as a medium of communication but as a crucial factor in shaping research agendas and theoretical frameworks. Our findings suggest that globalization can not be considered a mere additive or aggregative process and that linking diverse and asynchronic aspects is a critical component of reflexive takes on the process. These results emphasize that social sciences, far from being a bystander, serve as a critical mediator of globality.
Collaborative problem framing at scale on an online platform for professionals
Authors: Seredko Alena
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how collaborative problem framing is accomplished at scale on Stack Overflow, a large-scale online community question answering platform for software developers. Drawing on the practice-based theoretical perspective, the study examines how users coordinate problem framing through interactions with one another and with the platform via asking, commenting on, and editing questions. Based on the sequential analysis of four Stack Overflow threads, the findings specify the role of dynamic jointly created profession specific objects in producing broadly intelligible and solvable problems. The study also unpacks how the technical features of the platform, more specifically the dynamics of the dual space of editing and commenting, enable problem framing and solving to unfold at scale. Finally, the findings unpack interactional strategies enacted by users to coordinate problem framing on the large-scale platform. The study suggests contributions to the fields of professional learning and design of online environments aimed to support problem solving and collaborative activities more broadly.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Generate Visual Vignettes in Factorial Survey Experiments
Authors: Schwitter Nicole
Published: February 2025

Factorial survey experiments are widely used in the social sciences to study decision-making and attitudes through controlled, experimentally manipulated scenarios—typically presented as text. However, textual vignettes may limit the realism of vignettes and participant en-gagement, motivating the search for alternative approaches. This article explores how gener-ative artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to create photorealistic, customisable images for visual vignettes. It demonstrates techniques for producing and selectively editing images, highlighting their potential addressing the demands of experimental social science research while also addressing key challenges, including ethical considerations, biases inherent in AI tools, and technical limitations. The article showcases potential applications of AI-generated images in social science research and presents survey results on how these images are per-ceived by participants. By critically evaluating both opportunities and challenges, this article provides researchers with practical guidance on integrating AI-generated visuals into factori-al survey experiments, enhancing methodological approaches in social science.
Financial incentives and flexible retirement: Quasi-experimental evidence from the Finnish pension system
Authors: Ilmakunnas Ilari , Sten-Gahmberg Susanna , Hakola Timopekka
Published: February 2025

In 2017, Finland introduced a partial old-age pension scheme, allowing individuals to claim either 25 or 50 percent of their old-age pension after turning 61, irrespective of their employment status. Claiming a partial pension before the statutory retirement age results in a permanent reduction of the full old-age pension. Due to the rapid rise in consumer prices in 2022, individuals who claimed their pension before the end of 2022 benefited from a three-percentage points higher index adjustment in 2023, resulting in a permanently higher pension compared to those who claimed their pension in early 2023. In this study, we assess the causal effect of the financial incentive arising from the exceptional index adjustment on pension take-up using regression discontinuity design and full population register data. We also analyse differences in responses by socioeconomic status and gender. The extraordinary pension index adjustment increased the probability of claiming the partial old-age pension in the first month after becoming eligible for it by around 8 percentage points, or around 80 per cent. The effect is explained by individuals claiming a pension sooner than they would have in the absence of the exceptional index adjustment. Individuals with a higher pension accrual, higher earnings, or with upper tertiary education were more likely than others to respond to the index adjustment.