bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Nato nella medesima terra irrigua”. D’Annunzio, ultimo erede di Ovidio
Authors: Gagliastro Donato
Published: March 2021

Throughout Gabriele d’Annunzio’s vast and multiform productions, Ovid’s presence shines through with the strength of a model both ancient and modern. Since his years at the “Cicognini”, he feels bound to Ovid by a similarity “in lyrical ways” and by a relationship of “consanguinity” based on their common origins. The assiduity in Ovid’s readings, testified to by the large number of volumes of the Augustan poet in the library of the Vittoriale, is reflected in a dense network of echoes – some perspicuous, others subtle – that can be found in the Vate’s most famous works. During his twilight years, d’Annunzio’s nocturnal exploration finds singular affinities with the Ovidian elegies of exile to which he feels attracted the most. Even in the nascent silent film industry, d’Annunzio, creator and forerunner of fashions, sees a prodigious form of visual art that has in Ovid a millenary antecedent. Beyond the unavoidable differences separating the two temporally distant authors, the paper attempts to outline an overall profile of the correspondences and possible equations between d’Annunzio and Ovid without pretense of exhaustiveness. In the wake of perspectives inaugurated by distinguished masters, it is an attempt to offer cues for interpreting, from the vestiges of classicism, d’Annunzio’s art within the Ovidian framework.
Le lezioni sulla Divina Commedia di Józef Ignacy Kraszewski e gli inizi della dantistica polacca (1820-1870) 1.
Authors: De Carlo Andrea F.
Published: March 2021

The article analyses Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s contribution to the development of Polish Dante studies – thanks to his lectures on Dante held in Krakow and Lviv in 1867 and later published under the title Studies on The Divine Comedy, 1869. The article presents other opinions of Dante scholars of the time and more or less critical reviews of the results of Kraszewski’s research.
Dynamics of export potential of sunflower oil in Ukraine
Authors: Vasylkovska Kateryna , Andriienko Olha , Vasylkovskyi Oleksii , Andriienko Andrii , Volodymyr Popov , Malakhovska Valentyna
Published: March 2021

The analysis of the production and yield of sunflower seeds in Ukraine for the period from 2000 to 2019 was conducted in the article. The comparative analysis of the gross harvest of sunflower seeds and the export of sunflower oil for the years under research was carried out. The dependence of exports on gross harvest was revealed and its share was calculated. It was determined that the export of sunflower oil has increased over the years under research, which indicates a significant Ukraine’s export potential. It was found that the increase in the share of exports by 15.9% was made possible by a qualitative change in yield, that was ensured by the changes in the cultivation technology and by the selection of sunflower hybrids that are better adapted to climate changes. The recommendations for further improvement of cultivation technology in connection with climate change in order to further increase yields and the export potential of Ukraine were given.
Glycation of benign meningioma cells leads to increased invasion
Authors: Selke Philipp , Rosenstock Philip , Bork Kaya , Strauss Christian , Horstkorte Rüdiger , Scheer Maximilian
Published: March 2021

Meningiomas are the most common non-malignant intracranial tumors. Like most tumors, meningiomas prefer anaerobic glycolysis for energy production (Warburg effect). This leads to an increased synthesis of the metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO). This metabolite is known to react with amino groups of proteins. This reaction is called glycation, thereby building advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). In this study, we investigated the influence of glycation on two meningioma cell lines, representing the WHO grade I (BEN-MEN-1) and the WHO grade III (IOMM-Lee). Increasing MGO concentrations led to the formation of AGEs and decreased growth in both cell lines. When analyzing the influence of glycation on adhesion, chemotaxis and invasion, we could show that the glycation of meningioma cells resulted in increased invasive potential of the benign meningioma cell line, whereas the invasive potential of the malignant cell line was reduced. In addition, glycation increased the E-cadherin- and decreased the N-cadherin-expression in BEN-MEN-1 cells, but did not affect the cadherin-expression in IOMM-Lee cells.
Ciprofloxacin-induced cutaneous adverse drug events: a systematic review of descriptive studies
Authors: Kashyap Ananth , Sreenivasan Sahana , Rajan Asha K , Rashid Muhammed , Chhabra Manik
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) is a fluroquinolone class antibiotic used commonly for the treatment of various acute and chronic bacterial infections. However, recently there is increase in the case reports of CIPRO-induced Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs). We aim to systematically review all the descriptive studies of CIPRO induced CADRs.

Methods

Medline (via PubMed) was searched without any language or date restriction from inception to March 2019 using search terms of “Ciprofloxacin” and “Cutaneous reactions.” We included only the descriptive studies, which elucidate the CADRs experienced by the patients following the administration of CIPRO. Two reviewers involved in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus between the reviewers.

Results

Thirty-nine studies (out of 446) were found to be eligible for the final inclusion. The dose of CIPRO among the included studies was ranging from 500 to 1,000 mg/day and duration of treatment was between 7 and 10 days. The most common CADRs observed were toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, fixed drug eruptions, bullous fixed drug reaction, acute generalized pustulosis, erythema multiforme, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and erythema nodosum.

Conclusions

Management of the CIPRO-induced CADRs is recommended with the complete cessation of the CIPRO, followed by supportive management with oral or topical glucocorticoids, emollients, and topical moisturizers. CIPRO is likely to cause CADRs, physicians should be vigilant while prescribing it to the patients.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)benzoato-κ2
N:O)cobalt(II)] dihydrate, [Co(C11H11O2N2)2(H2O)2]
Authors: Wang Jing , Luo Jiahuan , Zhai Shengxian , Yongsheng Niu , Tian Dayong , Zhang Chuanxiang
Published: March 2021

[Co(C11H11O2N2)2(H2O)2], monoclinic,

P

2
1

/
c

$P{2}_{1}/c$

(no. 14), a = 8.7117(5) Å, b = 8.7935(5) Å, c = 15.0791(9) Å, β = 103.557(1)°, V = 1122.97(11) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0271, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0725, T = 296(2) K.
Techniques in the synthesis of organometallic compounds of Hafnium
Authors: Shahid Meeshar , Abbasi Mahvish , Yaqoob Munazzah , Haque Rosenani A. , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan
Published: March 2021

Hafnium is a transition metal and it is the 45th most abundant transition element present on the earth. Hafnium has been successfully alloyed with several metals including titanium, iron, and niobium. Hafnium complexes are less active olefin polymerization catalysts. In the current review synthesis of hafnium complexes involving bonding through different linkages like “carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and oxygen, nitrogen and cobalt nitrogen and oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur, phosphorus and carbon, phosphorus and oxygen, sulfur carbon and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and oxygen, carbon–nitrogen and phosphorus, carbon–nitrogen oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus, carbon–oxygen phosphorus and nitrogen”. The commonly used solvents for the synthesis of Hafnium complexes are tetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, and toluene, etc. These complexes were mostly reported at different temperatures ranges from −35 to 110 °C with continuous stirring, according to the nature of ligands. An overview of techniques in the synthesis of Hafnium complexes through various routes has been compiled.
How Useful is Bourdieu’s Notion of Cultural Capital for Describing Literary Markets?
Authors: Glaubitz Nicola
Published: March 2021

Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural capital and field, developed in the 1970s and 1980s, still provide systematic reference points for studies interested in literary cultures under market conditions. These concepts have found resonance in studies observing the changing organisation, structure, and social positions involved in the writing, reading, and circulation of literature. While both the conceptual clarity and the historical results Bourdieu achieved (in particular in his studyThe Rules of Art, originally published in 1992) have come under attack, both his key concepts and his multi-method approach function as a theoretical toolbox for present studies. The article discusses three studies (Childress 2017; English 2005; Guillory 1993) which make use of Bourdieu’s concept of capital in order to describe contemporary US publishing, the role of literary canons in higher education, and the status of literary awards. I argue that Bourdieu’s framework is productive in these cases when it is used in a heuristic way, when the idea of cultural and social capital is considered as processes and practices of valuation, and when it points to the political aspects of economies.
Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 by a Duplex Anodized and Sol-Gel Coating
Authors: Kumar K. Pradeep Prem , Subasri R.
Published: March 2021

Magnesium and its alloys have found application in several areas viz., aerospace, electronics industry, and automobile, owing to their specific strength-to-weight ratio, thermal conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, etc. However, poor corrosion resistance limits their applicability for widespread use. Anodization and micro arc oxidation (MAO) are commonly used to enhance the corrosion protection of magnesium alloys. The anodized or MAO layers are porous, and hence, organic sealants are conventionally used for sealing the pores. There are not many reports on the use of organic-inorganic hybrid coatings as sealants on anodized layers of magnesium alloys. In this study, the hybrid sol-gel silica-based coatings were investigated as sealants on anodized magnesium alloy AZ31 substrates. A thick (∼20 µm) and porous oxide layer was deposited by anodization using sodium silicate as electrolyte. Ambient curable hybrid silica coatings with and without corrosion inhibitors like cerium oxide and 8-hydroxyquinoline were deposited by dip coating method. The anodized layer and the duplex coating were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) attachment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization studies were used to assess the corrosion protection performance of these coatings in 0.61M NaCl solution. The porous anodized magnesium oxide layer improved the binding strength of the adjacent sol-gel layer; the sol-gel layer physically sealed the porous anodized coating and offered higher corrosion protection. The duplex coating prevented the diffusion of aggressive ions onto the magnesium alloy AZ31 and enhanced the corrosion resistance significantly.
Nonlinear Modeling for Low Frequency Oscillations Damping Using the Collective Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Eslami Mohammad
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a design for a fuzzy controller for low frequency oscillations using the improved virus colony search. In this way, the parameters and fuzzy members are considered variably, which ultimately has turned into an optimization issue. Therefore, the proper coordination between these variables leads to the best operating conditions and vice versa: inappropriate adjustment of the parameters may lead to a persistent exacerbation in applying controlling signals. Because of the complexity of the system and to avoid a large amount of computing, in this paper, optimization of control parameters has been proposed with the help of an improved virus colony search algorithm. The proposed controller has been studied under different operating conditions considering the interregional fluctuation and low frequencies. It is shown that the proposed fuzzy controller has a better performance for stabilizing damaging system disturbances in bad operating conditions.
Problem-Based Learning on Incorporation of Data Analysis Skills into Chemical Engineering Senior Advanced Analysis Course
Authors: Lou Helen H. , Chen Yifan , Singh Ravinder
Published: March 2021

Through years of production, the chemical process industry has accumulated rich data assets. In the age of information and artificial intelligence, processing facilities are using data in new ways to improve efficiency, reliability, and safety. However, a skilled workforce is in shortage. To embrace the digital transformation, chemical engineering students need to get in-depth training for data analytics skills. In a senior Advanced Analysis class, a problem-based learning approach was utilized to incorporate data analysis skills into traditional curriculum using real-world problems and real plant data. Students diagnosed process operation data and planned maintenance for a series of heat exchangers based on condition rather than time. This approach was well received by the students, some of whom eventually became process engineers or maintenance engineers who are using this skill in their work.
Rola aplikacji dydaktycznych w nauczaniu zdalnym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Pokrzycka Lidia
Published: March 2021

In times of the coronavirus pandemic, distance learning has become mandatory for higher education. That requires using a variety of teaching methods, both synchronous and asynchronous, and their common feature is the use of ICT tools. The aim of the article is to present applications used for making the remote lectures more attractive and engaging for journalism students of graduate and doctoral studies and foreigners from the English-language Doctoral School of Social Sciences of UMCS. The author also reflects on students' appreciation of such solutions initially during blended learning and then e-learning classes. That is based on the survey conducted among 30 doctoral students who carried out their lectures using internet applications. The study confirmed that the applications motivate students to work systematically and additionally to use them during their apprenticeships or while working in various companies with marketing, advertising, or public relations profile. Students also appreciate asynchronous classes and the fact that the use of applications allows them to repeat the most important pieces of information in a stress-free mode. Graphical applications make even tricky topics easier to remember while enabling students to illustrate the theory with practical elements.
Paxillin Is Required for Proper Spinal Motor Axon Growth into the Limb
Authors: Tsai Wan-Ling , Chang Chih-Ju , Wang Chih-Yang , Hsu Tsung-I , Chang Ming-Yuan , Wu Yi-Hsin , Chang Pei-Shan , Lin Kai-Lun , Chuang Jian-Ying , Kania Artur , Kao Tzu-Jen
Published: March 2021

To assemble the functional circuits of the nervous system, the neuronal axonal growth cones must be precisely guided to their proper targets, which can be achieved through cell–surface guidance receptor activation by ligand binding in the periphery. We investigated the function of paxillin, a focal adhesion protein, as an essential growth cone guidance intermediary in the context of spinal lateral motor column (LMC) motor axon trajectory selection in the limb mesenchyme. Usingin situmRNA detection, we first show paxillin expression in LMC neurons of chick and mouse embryos at the time of spinal motor axon extension into the limb. Paxillin loss-of-function and gain-of-function usingin ovoelectroporation in chick LMC neurons, of either sex, perturbed LMC axon trajectory selection, demonstrating an essential role of paxillin in motor axon guidance. In addition, a neuron-specific paxillin deletion in mice led to LMC axon trajectory selection errors. We also show that knocking down paxillin attenuates the growth preference of LMC neurites against ephrinsin vitro, and erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph)-mediated retargeting of LMC axonsin vivo, suggesting paxillin involvement in Eph-mediated LMC motor axon guidance. Finally, both paxillin knockdown and ectopic expression of a nonphosphorylable paxillin mutant attenuated the retargeting of LMC axons caused by Src overexpression, implicating paxillin as a Src target in Eph signal relay in this context. In summary, our findings demonstrate that paxillin is required for motor axon guidance and suggest its essential role in the ephrin–Eph signaling pathway resulting in motor axon trajectory selection.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring the development of neural circuits, precise connections need to be established among neurons or between neurons and their muscle targets. A protein family found in neurons, Eph, is essential at different stages of neural circuit formation, including nerve outgrowth and pathfinding, and is proposed to mediate the onset and progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. To investigate how Ephs relay their signals to mediate nerve growth, we investigated the function of a molecule called paxillin and found it important for the development of spinal nerve growth toward their muscle targets, suggesting its role as an effector of Eph signals. Our work could thus provide new information on how neuromuscular connectivity is properly established during embryonic development.
Institutional Investor, Economic Policy Uncertainty, and Innovation Investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Dou Zhenjiang , Wei Lei , Wang Jingyi
Published: March 2021

As a participator in corporate investment decision-making, the institutional investor is directly related to the corporate innovation investment. However, the economic policy uncertainty is aggravated by problems, such as economic slump and trade friction. Thus, institutional investors are not optimistic about the prospects of innovation investment. To explore the influence of institutional investors on corporate innovation investment from the perspective of economic policy uncertainty, using the 2010–2018 panel data in China and the fixed effect model, the influences of institutional investors on innovation investment and the moderating effects of the economic policy uncertainty were analyzed. Results show that institutional investors facilitate corporate innovation investment. Moreover, the increasing economic policy uncertainties repress the promoting effect of institutional investors on innovation investment. Furthermore, the institutional investors boost the corporate innovation investment by improving the internal control and relieving the financing constraints. For private companies, new and high-tech companies, the promoting effect of institutional investors on the corporate innovation investment is inhibited by the economic policy uncertainty to a small extent. For the listed companies located in areas with a high level of investor protection and intellectual property protection, the economic policy uncertainty has a minimal influence on the institutional investors and corporate innovation investment. The conclusions obtained from this study provide empirical evidence for giving full play to the role played by institutional investors in corporate innovative development. The conclusions also reveal, from the macroscopic level, that the consistency and stability of governmental economic policies have important effects on corporate development.
Socio-economic Factors Influencing the Development of Renewable Energy Production Sector in Poland
Authors: Grzeszczyk Tadeusz A. , Izdebski Waldemar , Izdebski Michał , Waściński Tadeusz
Published: March 2021

Poland is not one of the leaders in the use of renewable energy sources (RES), and most energy is still produced using hard coal and lignite. Therefore, there are noteworthy emissions of air pollution (including ashes and greenhouse gases), and the Polish energy sector is characterized by a substantial degree of carbonization, which, as a result, threatens to expressively increase the costs of electricity production, leading to financial penalties imposed by the EU. The aim of this paper is to analyze socio-economic factors influencing the development of the RES sector in Poland. According to this aim, expert research was carried out, in which the factors influencing development potential of RES were assessed at two levels (level II – 5 factors, level III – 15 factors) according to the factor tree analysis. Based on the analysis of the level II factors, it can be concluded that the development of the RES sector in Poland will depend to a decisive extent on factors such as: EU decisions and Polish legislation affecting the development of the RES sector in Poland, prices and availability of conventional energy carriers. Other two factors – regional policy on ecology and ecological awareness in Poland – have so far little impact on the development of this sector in the state. The analysis of the level III factors shows that the greatest impact on the development of the RES sector in Poland is the influence of European lobbying of manufacturers of machinery and equipment for renewable energy production on EU law, the impact of Polish lobbying of conventional energy producers on Polish law in the production of renewable energy and the influence of European lobbying of renewable energy producers into EU law.
Moderating Role of User Experience and IT Reliability in Controlling Influence on Job Performance and Organizational Performance
Authors: Bieńkowska Agnieszka , Tworek Katarzyna , Zabłocka-Kluczka Anna
Published: March 2021

Controlling is a method, which is most often used in contemporary organizations. The expectation of improvement of the organization’s results is the most important reason of controlling implementation. The relation between controlling use and organizational performance is often taken for granted, however there are no comprehensive research explaining in detail how it affects results of organization functioning. The article attempted to fill in the existing research gap and explain how controlling affects results of organization functioning. The analysis concerned the impact of controlling use on both job performance and organizational performance. Since the job performance in case of controlling is increasingly dependent on the IT solutions, the analysis concerned the impact of IT reliability and User Experience (UX) on the developed model of the controlling influence on organizational performance. In that context the aim of the article was to clarify the mechanism of controlling use influence on organizational performance – considering the mediating role of job performance of employees and moderating role of IT solutions (the impact of UX and IT reliability on the relations between controlling, job performance and organizational performance). Formulated hypotheses were verified empirically on the sample of 637 organizations (349 operating in Poland and 288 operating in Switzerland). The presented results of empirical research allowed for the construction of a mediating model demonstrating the impact of controlling use on both job performance and organizational performance and shown that UX and IT reliability are moderators of the relation between the controlling use and job performance, and the relation between job performance and organizational performance.
Key Performance Indicators for Adopting Sustainability Practices in Footwear Supply Chains
Authors: Moktadir Md. Abdul , Mahmud Yead , Banaitis Audrius , Sarder Tusher , Khan Mahabubur Rahman
Published: March 2021

The footwear industry has contributed notably to different countries’ economic development. Therefore, it needs to focus on operational excellence in order to achieve a sustainable level of development. Achieving sustainability in the footwear industry, however, is a complex task since various issues are involved in the footwear manufacturing process. Currently, in order to see how firms can sustain their place in the competitive global business environment, researchers and practitioners are giving special attention to operational excellence in the footwear manufacturing industry. Operational excellence is a business term that indicates the actual performance of an organization. To make the supply chain agile, resilient, and sustainable, it is imperative that firms incorporate sustainable practices in the footwear industry, and operational excellence can help in this regard. The sustainability of the footwear industry can be examined by using a set of key performance indicators (KPIs). Therefore, identifying and examining the KPIs for adopting sustainable practices in the footwear supply chain is a very important task. There is still a knowledge gap in research on the KPIs for attaining sustainability in the footwear industry. To fill in this knowledge gap, this study contributes to the existing literature by identifying and assessing the KPIs by using a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method named the best-worst method (BWM). This study uses a previous study to identify some relevant KPIs, some of which were included in the assessment process based on footwear industry experts’ feedback. After finalizing the relevant KPIs, BWM was utilized to find the most important KPIs for adopting sustainability practices in the footwear industry’s supply chains. The findings of this study reveal that the KPIs “quality production”, “timely order processing” and “accuracy of moulding” received the first three positions in the rankings we performed. The results of this study will help practitioners, industry experts, and decision-makers to find out a pathway for easily adopting sustainability practices in the footwear supply chains.
CANDO A CRISE CHE EXIME. O SECTOR DA DISTRIBUCIÓN E O COMERCIO AO POR MENOR ESPAÑOL: PEQUENAS Vs GRANDES EMPRESAS
Authors: RAMÓN DANGLA Remedios
Published: March 2021

Neste traballo analizamos como o sector do comercio ao por menor evolucionou nuncontexto de crise. Establecemos as hipóteses sobre o seu comportamento por mor da especializaciónna venda de bens de primeira necesidade, así como das dificultades para acceder ao crédito.Obtivemos unha mostra de empresas da base SABI e clasificámolas por tamaños. Estudamos aevolución de ratios de eficiencia, operatividade, rendibilidade ou solvencia e procuramos os cambiosestatisticamente significativos nas ratios dependendo do tamaño empresarial, o que permitiunosafirmar que só as pequenas empresas perderon rendibilidade e tiveron que reorganizar a súa estruturafinanceira.
Skyrybos pertvarka ir probleminiai jos klausimai
Authors: Drukteinis Albinas
Published: March 2021

This article is primarily devoted to those parts and cases of the rules passed by the Commission of the Lithuanian Language, where the users of those rules may face ambiguity, and the wider explanation of which may help the users to understand them better. Besides, the rules do not provide for all the cases, so their interpretation may be also useful for further revisions of the punctuation. The compliance of the theoretical provisions with the specific rules is also important.
Morphological adapting of loanwords in Lithuanian
Authors: Rimkutė Erika , Raižytė Jūratė
Published: March 2021

The paper sets out to examine the Lithuanian loanwords whose morphological adaptation so far has not been complete; their inflection still poses quite a few problems, e.g. avokado, ateljė etc. The investigation focuses on new loanwords, e.g. indigas, ekstazis, sušis. It also includes some older loanwords, e.g. alibi, solfedžio; in actual usage they fluctuate between fully inflected and uninflected forms.New loanwords refer to words which came into actual Lithuanian usage after the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The tendencies of inflecting loanwords in contemporary Lithuanian have been investigated on the basis of a survey.The results of the survey suggest that some loanwords with unstressed endings are mostly used in their inflected forms; they have been given preference by ca 89.89 per cent of the respondents. Other loanwords (e.g. gospelas, spagečiai, bikinis) are equally frequent in their inflected and uninflected forms. The third group of loanwords (e.g. alibi, bingo, chaki, ledi, maestro) are mostly used in their uninflected forms; they have been chosen by 86.89 per cent of the respondents.The results of the survey have shown that in actual usage uninflected loanwords with the stressed ending -ė prevail (e.g. atašė, dekoltė, esė, turnė, želė); they have been given preference by 88.82 per cent of the respondents. However, in contemporary Lithuanian all of these loanwords have morphologically adapted variants.
Features of idiolect in the punctuation of electronic mail
Authors: Žalkauskaitė Gintarė
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the usage of punctuation marks in the emails of six different authors. Punctuation marks belong to the graphical level of a text, which makes the electronic discourse more distant from standard written language. As a result, a prediction is made that in the electronic communication punctuation marks may be used specifically. The aim of the article is to determine whether punctuation in electronic mail can be linked with the author's idiolect. The corpus of electronic messages under investigation consists of 65,090 words. In total, there are 13,548 punctuation marks used in it. In the present analysis of punctuation, an attempt is made to measure the total number of punctuation marks as well as the number of them as used by each author. In addition the situations in which each punctuation mark is used are also investigated. In the analysis of general tendencies in punctuation mark usage, it has been noted that many different punctuation marks are used in electronic messages. The most numerous marks have proved to be regular ones such as commas, full stops, question marks, dashes, suspension points, brackets, quotation marks, and exclamation marks. The punctuation marks that are used sparingly in traditional written language and electronic communication (various combinations of different punctuation marks, non-traditional variants of punctuation marks, slashes, semicolons) could have the identification value if they were used frequently by any of the authors in their texts.
Miestai ir kalbos: kolektyvinė monografija, sud. M. Ramonienė
Authors: Aliūkaitė Daiva
Published: March 2021

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V. Kardelis. Šiaurės rytų aukštaičiai vilniškiai: ribos ir diferenciacijos
Authors: Urbanavičienė Jolita
Published: March 2021

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Consonants at the juncture of verb morphemes
Authors: Kazlauskienė Asta
Published: March 2021

The boundaries of morphemes constituting words in the Lithuanian language are not always clear, various phonological processes take place at a morpheme juncture: either front or back sounds are adjusted to the adjacent sounds of the other morpheme, sometimes morphemes overlap – sounds are skipped or contracted. The reasons of such variation are phonological (when geminates that are not characteristic of the Lithuanian language are eliminated, degemination, dissimilation, contraction take place) and phonetic (when sounds are switched or omitted to make pronunciation easier, metathesis, elimination take place). The former changes are more frequent.The research data for the article have been compiled from the Reverse Dictionary of Contemporary Lithuanian and the electronic Database of Morphotactics and Phonotactics which is compiled on the basis of coherent texts. All in all, about 1,300 examples from the dictionary and about 500 language use examples are analysed in the article.Although consonant variations are briefly discussed in more than one research work of Lithuanian linguists, all the classifications proposed in them have their drawbacks. The present article discusses the principles that could be followed in classifying consonant changes that take place at morpheme juncture in the Lithuanian language.
Stylistic punctuation of promotional texts
Authors: Smetonienė Irena
Published: March 2021

The article deals with promotional texts as the genre of advertising allows disclosing the methods that its creators use in seeking to attract the addressee’s attention and persuade them to purchase an item under consideration. Promotional texts are closely related to the style of public media, i.e. that functional style which due to its greater persuasive character acquires the features of all other functional styles, including punctuation. Applying the analytical and the descriptive methods, this article aims at exploring to what extent the semantics of punctuation has developed in advertising and how punctuation marks are used to effectively create information with an emotional and expressive quality.Promotional texts contain no neutral punctuation marks. They have one main function, i.e. an emotional-expressive function. Even when they perform other functions, at the same time they also convey a certain emotional shade of meaning. The exclamation mark, question-mark and ellipsis in advertising mark the greatest number of emotion shades, create suspension, an impression of emotion swings, make the addressee think, evaluate and fill the gaps that have been left. When an advertisement makes use of suspense which is eventually broken and leads to a positive ending, its creators use a combination of several punctuation marks.The semantics of the dash in advertising has also acquired new shades of meaning. A dash gives rise to unexpected nuances of thought, dynamics of text, it marks an emotional pause, burst of feelings; yet, when a dash performs the emotional-expressive function its effect is strengthened by the usage of an exclamation mark.The period, which is traditionally a neutral mark, in advertising is not entirely neutral: in a slogan it occupies the position of an exclamation mark and therefore it obtains emotional character. When performing a compositional function, it gives more flexibility to emphasise different semantic foci; it highlights segmentation, addition (pridūrimas) and distribution (parceliacija).The comma in advertising may be neutral but it can also mark emotional pauses. It performs the expressive function when it separates parentheses, additive clauses or when it highlights rhetorical figures.
Lithuanian linguistic islands: research perspectives
Authors: Kardelis Vytautas
Published: March 2021

This article further discusses the topic of Lithuanian linguistic islands. It focuses on two particular aspects: a) synchronic aspect which is concerned with contemporary situation of the islands; b) diachronic aspect which focuses on the issue of the formation of Lithuanian islands. The article is of a discussable nature and some of the hypotheses that it raises are a result of an on-going work and thus are preliminary and they need to be tested and researched properly in the future. At this stage the key aims have been to raise and address those issues and questions that have only scarcely been addressed in extant linguistic literature. From the synchronic perspective, Lithuanian linguistic islands are classified according to the criterion of vitality. It is suggested that they be divided into three groups according to the level of their vitality: vital, endangered and dead. The analysis of the diachronic aspect, i.e. the history of the development of Lithuanian islands, the following questions of discussion are raised: 1) the question of the methodological approach with regard to Lithuanian islands. In dealing with it, it is suggested to consider not only the autochtonous model of the formation of islands but also examine the alochtonic (migrational) as well as mixed models. 2) The question of migration. The fact that people who spoke Slavic language varieties migrated to the ethnic Lithuanian lands in which Lithuanian was spoken is obvious. However, in theory, an opposite phenomenon might have been possible, i.e. it is possible that Lithuanians migrated to the areas of Slavic languages. In addition, the possibility of internal migration should not be underestimated either. In other words, it is possible that Lithuanians migrated in their own ethnic Lithuanian lands. 3) The question of dialectal situation. The main goal of the studies in this area is to establish dialectal identity of the linguistic islands. A theoretical assumption is made that in the ethnic Lithuanian lands in which Lithuanian islands formed, there might be dialectal units which used to be independent and which were not necessarily a relic of continental dialects. 4) The necessity of systematic linguistic studies. Lithuanian linguistic islands require systematic analysis and a synchronic research of Lithuanian islands’ phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical structures. 5) Sociolinguistic question, especially from the perspective of historical sociolinguistics in which the key issue addressed is the interplay of the use of different languages and the situation of bilingualism. 6) Methodological concerns and the question of the necessity of complex studies. The main objective is for scholars of different fields to discuss, consider these points, to make use of the practical and methodological experience gained by foreign linguistics and to try to develop the research methodology of Lithuanian linguistic islands of a complex and synthetic character.
The role of the addressee’s creativity in interpreting allusions
Authors: Valotka Audrius
Published: March 2021

The article interrogates the conventional conception prevalent in contemporary scientific discourse that the author is the only creator of an allusion, whereas the addressee can only understand the author’s idea / intention “correctly” or “incorrectly”. Based on the new perspective, this study discusses the communicative structure of allusions, investigates the mechanism of interpreting allusions and considers the issue of “arbitration” of meaning-making in interpreting allusions. The key insights offered in the study are as follows:a) Allusion is an open structure which the addressee can interpret in their own way. An adequate / correct understanding of the author’s idea is not a mandatory feature of an allusion.b) The role of the addressee in the process of understanding / interpreting allusions is as crucial as is the role of the creator of the allusion.c) The addressee interprets an allusion rather than trying to guess the author’s idea / intention behind it.d) Understanding of an allusion in a different way than intended by the author does not mean that the process of allusion interpretation is over.e) An allusion which is interpreted differently than intended by the author does not lose its characteristic features.f) The “correctness” of interpreting an allusion may be determined by a person whose background knowledge encompasses both the background knowledge of the author and that of the addressee.On the basis of these theoretical premises, this study continues a previous analysis based on the empirical linguistic data reported in the article Perception of intertexts and identification of the cultural circle in publicistic texts by Rimvydas Valatka (published in the research journal Lietuvių kalba (‘The Lithuanian Language’), Issue 10 (2016)), www.lietuviukalba.lt. Applying the method of respondent testing, the previous study looked at the way contemporary youth perceive unmarked intertexts (primarily allusions) encountered in Lithuanian mass media. The results of the study revealed that Vilnius University students between 18 and 20 years of age are able to recognise and adequately interpret only one fourth of precedent texts alluded to in publicistic texts by Rimvydas Valatka. Respondents showed the highest results in the recognition of cinematographic (49%) and biblical (37%) precedent texts and the lowest results in the identification of historical (12%) precedent texts. The results of the empirical research have demonstrated that precedent texts “migrate” between different areas which correspond to relevant background knowledge of the addressees.
Zu Mehrwortverbindungen in der zweisprachigen Lexikographie: Fallbeispiel eines deutsch–litauischen Wörterbuchs
Authors: Plaušinaitytė Lina , Volungevičienė Skaistė
Published: March 2021

Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich dem Problem der Präsentation von Mehrwortverbindungen in den lexikographischen Werken am Beispiel des Großen deutsch–litauischen Wörterbuchs. Im theoretischen Teil werden die wichtigsten für eine systematische lexikographische und metalexikographische Beschreibung notwendigen Klassen von Wortverbindungen vorgestellt und auf die Schwierigkeiten einer exakten Abgrenzung einzelner Klassen hingewiesen. Eine für die lexikographische Beschreibung des Wortschatzes ausreichend differenzierte Gliederung der Mehrwortverbindungen muss auf der Benutzeroberfläche eines Printwörterbuchs nur insofern erkennbar sein, als sie die Grundlage für eine geordnete und systematische Präsentation von Mehrwortverbindungen bildet und so zum schnelleren Auffinden von benötigter sprachlicher Information verhilft. Vor diesem theoretischen Hintergrund wird auf die Probleme der Präsentation von Mehrwortverbindungen im Großen deutsch-litauischen Wörterbuch eingegangen. Dabei wird berücksichtigt, dass es sich hierbei um ein passives Wörterbuch, das zum Verständnis der deutschsprachigen Texte und deren Übersetzung dienen soll, handelt und die Präsentation von Mehrwortverbindungen dieser Wörterbuchausrichtung möglichst Rechnung tragen soll. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse des Wörterbuchmaterials zeigen, dass das Wörterbuch im Hinblick auf die Auswahl der Mehrwortverbindungen viel redundante Information bietet und Mehrwortverbindungen präsentiert, deren litauisches Äquivalent sich aus der Übersetzung der einzelnen Bestandteile ohne größere Schwierigkeiten herleitet. Bei einem Teil solcher Mehrwortverbindungen kann ihre Anführung im Wörterbuch allerdings durch das Bestehen bedeutender auf sprachlicher Konvention oder strukturellen Differenzen zwischen den Sprachen beruhender Unterschiede zwischen einer deutschen Mehrwortverbindung und ihrer litauischen Entsprechung gerechtfertigt werden. Die Untersuchung der Präsentation der Mehrwortverbindungen im Wörterbuchartikel hat einige Mängel in der Systematik zutage gefördert, die vor allem die Präsentation der idiomatischen Ausdrücke betrifft. Bei der Wörterbuchsstruktur lässt sich vor allem ihre Uneinheitlichkeit bemängeln, wobei gleichwertige oder gleich strukturierte Mehrwortverbindungen unter jeweils verschiedenen Kriterien eingeordnet werden und eine systematische Suche dadurch erschwert wird.
The ratio of the use of long and short forms of dative in the sixteenth century Lithuanian reformers' writings
Authors: Dambrauskas Kęstutis
Published: March 2021

The morphological features of Old Lithuanian texts have been explored by numerous linguists, however, the archaic dative forms have received much less attention. The aim of this article is to discuss the ratio of the use of short and long forms of dative in the Catechism by Merkelis Petkevičiaus (PC) and the Jokūbas Morkūnas Postilla (MP). The data comes from the PC as well as from the first 100 pages of the MP's Part I and Part III. The paper uses descriptive and comparative methods. The results show that short dative singular and plural forms dominate in the PC. Most of the long (archaic) dative forms were found in the MP's Part III. The ratio of the use of the short and long forms of dative is similar in the MP's Part I. The plural form of long dative is mostly used in the PC and the MP's Part I. The ratio of the use of singular and plural dative forms is similar in the MP's Part III. Dative singular short forms were more frequent than the long ones in the PC and the MP's Part I. The latter long dative forms were similarly used in the MP's Part III. Dative singular short forms with the ending -u are much more frequently used in the MP's Part III than in the MP's Part I and the PC. The results of the study confirm that the PC, the MP's Part I and Part III were translated by different translators.
Vocabulary from 1735 Lithuanian translation of the Bibel in the dictionary of Pilypas Ruigys
Authors: Zubaitienė Vilma
Published: March 2021

This article examines the use of biblical vocabulary in Pilypas Ruigys’ dictionary „Littauiſch=Deutſches und Deutſch=Littauiſches Lexicon“ (Königsberg 1747). The biblical words in this dictionary were derived from the 1735 Lithuanian translation of the Bibel. This fact is clearly stated in the title of the dictionary. Moreover, in the foreword to the dictionary the author highlights that he attempted to pick out as many Lithuanian synonyms from the Holy Script as possible. The exact chapters and verses of the Bible referenced next to the Lithuanian words help to determine which words and multi-word expressions were included in the dictionary. To this day there hasn’t been a statistical and textual analysis, which would show the nature and scale of the Bible references in Ruigys’ dictionary. The analysis has shown that Ruigys refered to the Bible mostly in search of suitable translation of German words and multi-word expressions. In addition, the Bible was a source for expanding the list of lemmata of German-Lithuanian part of the dictionary. The biblical references are in most cases placed next to the single words or two-word (in rare cases three-word) expressions that refer to some kind of Biblical terminology, i.e. name of a person, a thing or an occurence. There are very few longer citations of the Bible. Approximately 3500 words and multi-word expressions were copied from the Old Testament and about 650 – from the New Testament. Book of Genesis was referenced most times (more than 350), more than 200 examples were taken from Book of Exodus, Psalms, Book of Isaiah and Book of Job. The most cited part of the New Testament was the Book of Matthews.