bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Leite José Yvan Pereira , Moura Dante Henrique , Medeiros Neta Olivia Morais de , Henrique Ana Lúcia Sarmento
Published: August 2014

EDITORIAL

A Educação Profissional, como campo de pesquisa, vem ganhando espaço no Brasil, particularmente, nas duas últimas décadas, com a produção e a difusão do conhecimento realizada por grupos de pesquisa e pela ocorrência de eventos científicos específicos desse campo.

Nesse contexto, o Colóquio Nacional A produção do conhecimento em educação profissional vem se tornando referência na área. Organizado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional (PPGEP), do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN), o evento é locus de discussão acerca da Educação Profissional e de suas inter-relações com o campo do trabalho e da educação em nosso país.

De 6 a 9 de agosto de 2013, foi realizado o II Colóquio Nacional A produção do conhecimento em Educação Profissional e contou com a produção acadêmica de mestrandos, doutorandos e de seus orientadores dos diversos programas de pós-graduação em educação e de áreas afins ao campo da educação profissional e de suas inter-relações com a educação.

Esta produção está reunida neste número da Revista HOLOS, distribuídos nos eixos temáticos que fizeram parte do evento: políticas em educação profissional, práticas integradoras em educação profissional e formação de professores para a educação profissional.

Mais especificamente, os trabalhos aqui apresentados abordam:

• A dimensão teórico-metodológica na produção do conhecimento em educação profissional: implicações de conteúdo, método e forma;

• Projetos societários em disputa no Brasil contemporâneo: a universalização da educação básica e a educação profissional;

• Formação de professores: integração entre a educação básica e a educação profissional;

• Proeja: da compensação à formação humana integral;

• Ensino médio integrado: da concepção às práticas integradoras;

• Política educacional e formação docente: contextos e perspectivas da educação brasileira.

Com a publicação desse número, esperamos além de contribuir para a difusão do conhecimento em Educação Profissional, propiciar o fortalecimento desse campo de investigação.

Convido-os à leitura!

Prof. José Yvan Pereira Leite – Editor da HOLOS

Prof. Dante Henrique Moura – Organizador do Evento

Profa. Olivia Morais de Medeiros Neta – Organizador do Evento

Profa. Ana Lúcia Sarmento Henrique – Organizador do Evento
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DE TÉCNICAS FOTOQUÍMICAS APLICADOS AO TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DO BENEFICIAMENTO DA CASTANHA DE CAJU
Authors: Jeronimo Carlos Enrique , Souza Melo Henio Normando , De Sousa Joao Fernandes , Fernandes Hermano Gomes
Published: August 2014

O beneficiamento da castanha de caju é uma das atividades industriais de maior importância nos Estados do Nordeste Brasileiro. Em vista dessa intensa atividade produtiva, essas indústrias são grandes geradoras de efluentes líquidos, cujas características ainda são pouco conhecidas devido à pequena quantidade de trabalhos científicos realizados na área. Entretanto, os processos “convencionais” continuam sendo maciçamente adotados, mesmo em situações em que a sua eficiência é discutível. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a potencialidade de processos oxidativos avançados (sistema UV/H2O2, Fenton e foto-Fenton) de maneira isolada e/ou combinada. Os resultados apontam para uma relação de efluente/H2O2 na ordem de 20%, como sendo os mais indicados nas diferentes técnicas. Além disso, verificou-se que a técnica de UV-Peróxido se mostrou a mais adequada para o tratamento desse efluente.
AVALIAÇÃO SENSORIAL DA CARNE DE SOL COMERCIALIZADA NAS CIDADES DE CAICÓ E CURRAIS NOVOS
Authors: AMARAL DENISE SILVA , Cardoso Debora Samara Gomes , Pessoa Taciano .
Published: August 2014

A carne de sol é a carne mais conhecida e consumida, e os sistemas de produção dela apresentam grande diversidade tecnológica, variando-se desde os pequenos processamentos em açougues da forma tradicional à industrialização em larga escala, realidade que incide sobre o Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade deste produto. Assim, objetiva-se com este trabalho analisar sensorialmente dois tipos de cortes cárneos mais consumidos nas cidades de Caicó-RN e Currais Novos-RN, avaliando através do teste de aceitação os atributos sabor, aroma, cor, aparência, e dureza das carnes de sol Coxão Mole e Alcatra comercializadas nas duas cidades, como também a intenção de compra do consumidor. Portanto dos quatro tipos de carnes de sol e atributos analisados, a amostra mais aceita também foi a que obteve maior percentual de intenção de compra, sendo o Coxão Mole produzido em Currais Novos-RN.
SECAGEM CONVECTIVA DA ACEROLA (Malphigia emarginata DC.): APLICAÇÃO DE MODELOS SEMITEÓRICOS
Authors: Moraes Filho Francisco Canindé de , Oliveira Edson Leandro de , Nobrega Erly Maria Medeiros de Araujo , Oliveira Jackson Araújo de , Correia Roberta Targino Pinto
Published: August 2014

A acerola é uma planta medicinal originária da América do Sul, muito rica em vitamina C, que exerce um efeito preventivo e curativo em caso de doenças infecciosas. Estima-se que 40% dos frutos da acerola são desperdiçados após a colheita. Este fato está aliado a sua alta perecibilidade e também devido a sua maior comercialização na forma in natura. O presente trabalho visou avaliar preliminarmente as curvas de secagem do resíduo da acerola (Malphigia emarginata DC.) em secador de bandejas. A partir dessas curvas foram obtidos dados de taxa de secagem e as constantes de velocidade, além do ajuste de modelos semiteóricos aos dados experimentais. As curvas de secagem foram obtidas, utilizando-se um secador de bandejas nas temperaturas de 60, 70 e 80°C e com velocidade do ar de secagem de 4,0 e 6,0 m/s. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Lewis e Henderson e Pabis, resultando, para todos os casos, em um coeficiente de regressão (R²) superior a 0,96. Com base nos resultados apresentados pode-se concluir que, para as condições operacionais utilizadas, a cinética de secagem do resíduo da acerola ocorreu nos períodos de taxa constante e decrescente; a cinética foi influenciada tanto pela velocidade do ar de secagem quanto pela temperatura de operação.
Understanding Drill-Cuttings Transportation in Deviated and Horizontal Wells
Authors: Egenti Nkechinyere Barbara
Published: August 2014

Hole cleaning problems are usually encountered at various stages of drilling a well and when not properly managed could results in incidents that may cause oil companies millions of dollars in revenue. There are direct, indirect cost and hidden costs borne by both the oil producing and oil services companies. Efficient cuttings transportation and hole cleaning while drilling are necessary for proper optimization of a drilling operation. In inclined and horizontal drilling, hole cleaning issues are common and complex problems. This paper aims to explore the impact of various drilling parameters and how they affect the required flow velocity and flow rate required for effective cuttings transport and by association the equivalent circulating density.

Cuttings transportation is a phenomenon which is a vital consideration of a good drilling program. Ineffective removal of cuttings can result in several problems, such as bit wear, slow drilling rate, increased ECD (which can lead to formation fracturing), high torque, drag, and in the worst case, the drill pipe can get stuck. If not handled properly, this could result in side tracking or complete loss of well.

Cuttings transport is controlled by many variables such as well inclination, angle, hole and drill-pipe diameter, rotation speed of drill pipe, drill-pipe eccentricity, rate of penetration, cuttings characteristics like cuttings size and porosity of bed and drilling fluids characteristics like flow rate, fluid velocity, flow regime, mud type and non - Newtonian mud rheology. The key factors for optimizing hole cleaning are a good well plan, the right drilling fluid properties, and good drilling experience.

The direct benefit of this paper is that it facilitates the detection of potential stuck pipe situations and directs the interception of these incidents before they occur. To further aid the users of these principles, there is a chart specifically designed to enable field personnel estimate the possibility of problematic equivalent circulating density and avoid getting stuck using the well parameters available to them before running in hole with the bottom hole assembly to determine the stuck-probability and mitigation methods. The field personnel is offered an opportunity to avoid hole cleaning challenges and potential stuck pipe problems before they occur. We are therefore able to review the drilling program with the information deduced from the chart to be sure all findings have been taken into consideration before drilling commences.
Theoretical Breakthrough Time of Horizontal Wells Subject to External Fluid Drive in a Layered Reservoir with Varying Architecture; Part V: Letter ‘E’ Architecture
Authors: Adewole E. S.
Published: August 2014

When a vertically-stacked two-layered reservoir system with an architecture akin to letter ‘E’ is encountered in practice, the right strategy for well completion, overall reservoir characterization and selection of optimum production rates, especially when the contiguous layers are exposed to external fluid influences, become a serious challenge.

This paper compiles the necessary equations required to be solved to obtain theoretical external fluid breakthrough time for different reservoir layers, well choices and external fluid drives that may influence clean oil production in a two-layered reservoir with a letter ‘E’ architecture.

Results show that fiftteen (15) different boundary variations are possible each for normal and inverted architecture. Among these variations only two (2) may have the maximum six (6) similar external boundary combinations of constant-pressure. There are two (2) mandatory infinite-acting external boundaries in each architecture, which can neither be sealed nor constant-pressured. Edge, top and bottom external fluid drives are possible in any architecture. For the top layer, only one (1) top and one (1) edge external fluid drive separately is possible for crossflow interface. But for the bottom layer, one (1) edge and one (1) bottom drive separately is possible both for crossflow layers. For no-crossflow interface, only the top layer can be subject to top external fluid drive and only the bottom layer can be subject to a bottom external fluid drive, but both layers can be subject to one (1) edge drive each.

Theoretical breakthrough times derived are directly proportional to reservoir extents in two (2) directions and inversely with reservoir layers diffusivity. For single external fluid drive source, only the reservoir length exposed to the drive directly affects breakthrough time. Layered reservoirs with crossflow interface are characterized by functions v(i) and v(z), but do not form equations to be solved alone but in combination with a function describing associated external drive. When two layers are contributing to flow through the interface, breakthrough times are identified by the function iv(z) and any other function describing associated external fluid drive.
A clinical comparison of three aligning archwires in terms of alignment efficiency: A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Abdelrahman Reem Sh. , Al-Nimri Kazem S. , Al Maaitah Emad F.
Published: August 2014

Objectives: 

To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of three orthodontic aligning archwires in relation to tooth alignment speed during the initial alignment stage of treatment.

Materials and Methods: 

A consecutive sample of 74 patients requiring lower only or upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly allocated into three different archwires (0.014-inch superelastic nickel-titanium [NiTi], 0.014-inch thermoelastic NiTi, or 0.014-inch conventional NiTi). Good quality impressions were taken of the lower arch before archwire placement (T0) and at designated serial stages of alignment (every 2 weeks: T2, T4, T6, …, T16). The change in tooth alignment was measured in millimeters from the resultant casts using Little's irregularity index. Demographic and clinical differences among the three groups were compared with the chi-square or analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The difference in the change of lower anterior tooth alignment over time among the three groups was explored with a Split Plot ANOVA (SPANOVA, or within- and between-groups ANOVA). The Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was used when data were not normally distributed.

Results: 

The SPANOVA and Wilks Lambda Multivariate test confirmed that the wire type had no influence on the rate of change in alignment (P  =  .98).

Conclusion: 

The three forms of NiTi wires were similar in terms of their alignment efficiency during the initial aligning stage of orthodontic fixed appliance therapy.
Some Cosmological Roots of Modern Architecture
Authors: Klein Rudolf
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the links between some oriental cosmologies and modern architecture, stemming from major non-Western religions, such as Buddhism, Islam and Judaism as well as from Einstein’s theories. It analyses both the direct impact of these concepts, influencing modernism at a theoretical level, and their indirect impact through historic non-Western architecture, mainly Buddhist and Islamic. While modernist theoreticians and architects frequently emphasised functional and technical priorities of modernism, I argue that modernism was far less rational than it is commonly thought, and that it was substantially influenced by non-Western thought, particularly in its early period.

This paper considers two main innovations of modernism resulting from oriental concepts of void: (1) the flat and undecorated façade, the avoidance of traditional ‘façade-discourse’, (2) the promotion of space as the main objective of architecture. The impact of Buddhist, Islamic, Judaic and the Einstenian cosmologies on modernism are considered
Study on the Characteristics of Expander Power Output Used for Offsetting Pumping Work Consumption in Organic Rankine Cycles
Authors: Wu Yu-Ting , Lei Biao , Ma Chong-Fang , Zhao Lei , Wang Jing-Fu , Guo Hang , Lu Yuan-Wei
Published: August 2014

The circulation pump in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) increases the pressure of the liquid working fluid from low condensing pressure to high evaporating pressure, and the expander utilizes the pressure difference to generate work. A portion of the expander output power is used to offset the consumed pumping work, and the rest of the expander power is exactly the net work produced by the ORC system. Because of the relatively great theoretical pumping work and very low efficiency of the circulation pump reported in previous papers, the characteristics of the expander power used for offsetting the pumping work need serious consideration. In particular, the present work examines those characteristics. It is found that the characteristics of the expander power used for offsetting the pumping work are satisfactory only under the condition that the working fluid absorbs sufficient heat in the evaporator and its specific volume at the evaporator outlet is larger than or equal to a threshold value.
Impact of Air Tightness on the Evaluation of Building Energy Performance in Lithuania
Authors: Šadauskienė Jolanta , Paukštys Valdas , Šeduikytė Lina , Banionis Karolis
Published: August 2014

In order to fulfil the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements for the reduction of energy consumption, European national requirements have been created for building envelope thermal properties and calculation methodology to determine if building energy efficiency is created. This is however not true in all methodologies. The necessity of building air tightness appears only for new A class buildings, and there are no requirements for air tightness for other building classes. Therefore, the aim of this work is to improve the methodology for the calculation of energy efficiency of buildings, while taking into account the air tightness of the buildings. In order to achieve this aim, the sum energy consumption of investigated buildings was calculated, energy efficiency classes were determined, air tightness of the buildings was measured, and reasons for insufficient air tightness were analyzed. Investigation results show that the average value of air tightness of A energy efficiency class buildings is 0.6 h−1. The results of other investigated buildings, corresponding to B and C energy efficiency classes, show insufficient air tightness (the average n50 value is 6 h−1); herewith, energy consumption for heating is higher than calculated, according to the energy efficiency methodology. This paper provides an energy performance evaluation scheme, under which performed evaluation of energy performance of buildings ensures high quality construction work, building durability, and the reliability of heat-loss calculations.
A Novel Hybrid-Fuel Storage System of Compressed Air Energy for China
Authors: Liu Wenyi , Liu Linzhi , Xu Gang , Liang Feifei , Yang Yongping , Zhang Weide , Wu Ying
Published: August 2014

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a large-scale technology that provides long-duration energy storage. It is promising for balancing the large-scale penetration of intermittent and dispersed sources of power, such as wind and solar power, into electric grids. The existing CAES plants utilize natural gas (NG) as fuel. However, China is rich in coal but is deficient in NG; therefore, a hybrid-fuel CAES is proposed and analyzed in this study. Based on the existing CAES plants, the hybrid-fuel CAES incorporates an external combustion heater into the power generation subsystem to heat the air from the recuperator and the air from the high-pressure air turbine. Coal is the fuel for the external combustion heater. The overall efficiency and exergy efficiency of the hybrid-fuel CAES are 61.18% and 59.84%, respectively. Given the same parameters, the cost of electricity (COE) of the hybrid-fuel CAES, which requires less NG, is $5.48/MW∙h less than that of the gas-fuel CAES. Although the proposed CAES requires a relatively high investment in the current electricity system in North China, the proposed CAES will be likely to become competitive in the market, provided that the energy supplies are improved and the large scale grid-connection of wind power is realized.
Assessing Program Efficiency: A Time and Motion Study of the Mental Health Emergency Care — Rural Access Program in NSW Australia
Authors: Saurman Emily , Lyle David , Kirby Sue , Roberts Russell
Published: August 2014

The Mental Health Emergency Care-Rural Access Program (MHEC-RAP) is a telehealth solution providing specialist emergency mental health care to rural and remote communities across western NSW, Australia. This is the first time and motion (T&M) study to examine program efficiency and capacity for a telepsychiatry program. Clinical services are an integral aspect of the program accounting for 6% of all activities and 50% of the time spent conducting program activities, but half of this time is spent completing clinical paperwork. This finding emphasizes the importance of these services to program efficiency and the need to address variability of service provision to impact capacity. Currently, there is no efficiency benchmark for emergency telepsychiatry programs. Findings suggest that MHEC-RAP could increase its activity without affecting program responsiveness. T&M studies not only determine activity and time expenditure, but have a wider application assessing program efficiency by understanding, defining, and calculating capacity. T&M studies can inform future program development of MHEC-RAP and similar telehealth programs, both in Australia and overseas.
Molecular Research in Urology 2014: Update on PET/MR Imaging of the Prostate
Authors: Wetter Axel
Published: August 2014

This article gives an overview of recent publications and potential indications of Positron emission tomography/ Magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging of prostate cancer.
Predicting Intellectual Ability and Scholastic Outcomes with a Single Item: From Early Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Dunkel Curtis , Murphy Nora
Published: August 2014

Previous research shows that perceived intelligence judgments significantly correlate with measured intelligence scores. The present study investigated the developmental trajectory of the association between perceived intelligence and measured intelligence. Using the Block and Block longitudinal dataset, we examined the relationship between a single rating of “high intellectual ability” made in early childhood by targets’ preschool teachers with future intellectual ability and scholastic outcome measures, including IQ scores, grade-point average, SAT scores, and educational attainment. Even when controlling for variables including attractiveness, parental education levels, the General Factor of Personality, and socioeconomic status, correlations between early childhood intelligence perceptions and later intellectual measures were significant, large, and robust. Results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms and cues in early childhood that may reveal future intellectual abilities.
Synthesis of Functionalized Arylaziridines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Giovine Arianna , Muraglia Marilena , Florio Marco , Rosato Antonio , Corbo Filomena , Franchini Carlo , Musio Biagia , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo
Published: August 2014

By using the Suzuki-Miyaura protocol, a simple straightforward synthesis of functionalized 2-arylaziridines has been developed. By means of this synthetic strategy from readily available ortho-, meta- and para-bromophenylaziridines and aryl- or heteroarylboronic acids, new aziridines could be obtained. The cross-coupling reactions occurred without ring opening of the three membered ring. Preliminary results on the antimicrobial activity of the heterosubstituted biaryl compounds have been also included.
Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum Inhibits Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via the c-Fos/nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells, Cytoplasmic 1 Signaling Pathway and Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone Loss in Mice
Authors: Baek Jong , Kim Ju-Young , Cheon Yoon-Hee , Park Sun-Hyang , Ahn Sung-Jun , Yoon Kwon-Ha , Oh Jaemin , Lee Myeung
Published: August 2014

Aconitum pseudo-laeve var. erectum (APE) has been widely shown in herbal medicine to have a therapeutic effect on inflammatory conditions. However, there has been no evidence on whether the extract of APE is involved in the biological bone metabolism process, particularly osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. In this study, we confirmed that the administration of APE could restore normal skeletal conditions in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss via a decrease in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and osteoclast number. We then investigated the effect of APE on the RANKL-induced formation and function of osteoclasts to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. APE suppressed the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells, as well as the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. Furthermore, APE attenuated nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos without affecting any early signal pathway of osteoclastogenesis. Subsequently, APE significantly downregulated the expression of various genes exclusively expressed in osteoclasts. These results demonstrate that APE restores LPS-induced bone loss through a decrease of the serum RANKL/OPG ratio, and inhibits osteoclast differentiation and function, suggesting the promise of APE as a potential cure for various osteoclast-associated bone diseases.
Dietary Intervention Restored Menses in Female Athletes with Exercise-Associated Menstrual Dysfunction with Limited Impact on Bone and Muscle Health
Authors: Cialdella-Kam Lynn , Guebels Charlotte , Maddalozzo Gianni , Manore Melinda
Published: August 2014

Exercise-related menstrual dysfunction (ExMD) is associated with low energy availability (EA), decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of musculoskeletal injury. We investigated whether a 6-month carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO) supplement (360 kcal/day, 54 g CHO/day, 20 g PRO/day) intervention would improve energy status and musculoskeletal health and restore menses in female athletes (n = 8) with ExMD. At pre/post-intervention, reproductive and thyroid hormones, bone health (BMD, bone mineral content, bone markers), muscle strength/power and protein metabolism markers, profile of mood state (POMS), and energy intake (EI)/energy expenditure (7 day food/activity records) were measured. Eumenorrheic athlete controls with normal menses (Eumen); n = 10) were measured at baseline. Multiple linear regressions were used to evaluate differences between groups and pre/post-intervention blocking on participants. Improvements in EI (+382 kcal/day; p = 0.12), EA (+417 kcal/day; p = 0.17) and energy balance (EB; +466 kcal/day; p = 0.14) were observed with the intervention but were not statistically significant. ExMD resumed menses (2.6 ± 2.2-months to first menses; 3.5 ± 1.9 cycles); one remaining anovulatory with menses. Female athletes with ExMD for >8 months took longer to resume menses/ovulation and had lower BMD (low spine (ExMD = 3; Eumen = 1); low hip (ExMD = 2)) than those with ExMD for <8 months; for 2 ExMD the intervention improved spinal BMD. POMS fatigue scores were 15% lower in ExMD vs. Eumen (p = 0.17); POMS depression scores improved by 8% in ExMD (p = 0.12). EI, EA, and EB were similar between groups, but the intervention (+360 kcal/day) improved energy status enough to reverse ExMD despite no statistically significant changes in EI. Similar baseline EA and EB between groups suggests that some ExMD athletes are more sensitive to EA and EB fluctuations.
The Resurgence of Religion in America’s Prisons
Authors: Hallett Michael , Johnson Byron
Published: August 2014

This article discusses the growing prominence of “faith-based” programs in American corrections and the historical context of penal regime change during periods of economic crisis. The article traces areas of overlap and divergence in recent discussions of penal reform in the U.S. The article suggests a new American penitentiary movement is emerging, noting central tenets of faith-based programs have salience for both conservatives and liberals: on the one hand, faith-based programs are largely paid for by church congregations and volunteers, which appeals to conservatives’ desire to shrink government and get taxpayers out of the business of community building; on the other, faith-based programs demonstrate a recommitment to having at least some level of programming in prisons, which satisfies the left’s view that community building and social capital ultimately lower recidivism. The paper documents several prominent faith-based correctional programs while articulating an agenda for research.
Dynamics of Sewage Charge Policies, Environmental Protection Industry and Polluting Enterprises—A Case Study in China
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Yuan Xueliang , Zuo Jian , Mu Ruimin , Zhou Lixin , Sun Mingxia
Published: August 2014

The game model of sewage charges, based on incremental mode, was developed. Four modes of high/low sewage charge standards were utilized to analyze the relationship between control strategy on sewage discharge and the development of environmental protection industry. Results showed that the selection of control strategy was heavily dependent on the level of sewage charges. An empirical study was carried out to investigate the environmental protection industry in 31 regions in China in 2010. It was revealed that the sewage charge standards, formulated by the local governments and the development of environmental protection industry, varied significantly in different regions. The optimal level of environmental quality and social welfare, as a whole, was not achieved in China. It is proposed that different regions should adopt different sewage charges standards based on their economic development level and the current environmental quality. Similarly, the scientific and technological innovation of environmental protection industry should be further strengthened.
Surgical repair of a severely comminuted maxillary fracture in a dog with a titanium locking plate system
Authors: Illukka E. , Boudrieau R. J.
Published: August 2014

A four-year old male Labrador Retriever was admitted with head trauma after being hit by a car. The dog had sustained multiple nasal, maxillary, and frontal bone fractures that resulted in separation of the maxilla from the base of the skull. A severely comminuted left zygomatic arch fracture was also present. These fractures were all repaired using a point contact, locking titanium plate system, in a single procedure that resulted in excellent postoperative occlusion and immediate function. Healing was uneventful. Full function and excellent cosmetic appearance were evident 13 months after surgery. This case illustrates the ease of repair and the success of treatment of severely comminuted maxillofacial fractures by conforming to basic biomechanical principles taken directly from the human experience and successfully applied to the dog; these included multiple plate application along the buttresses and trusses of the facial skeleton. The plate fixation was applied to bridge the multiple fractures along the most appropriate lines of stress. The small size of the plates, and the ability to easily contour them to adapt to the bone surface in threedimensions, allowed their placement in the most appropriate positions to achieve sufficient rigidity and lead to uncomplicated healing without any postoperative complications.
Logistics Innovation
Authors: Saatcıoglu Omur Yasar , Denktas-Sakar Gul , Karatas-Cetın Cimen
Published: August 2014

Customers demand new services due to a dynamic and complex business environment. Innovation is a response to these challenges in various industries. Logistics service providers are under great pressure to be innovative due to their changing business environment and customer demands. Logistics innovation can be considered service innovations triggered by technological innovations. Service innovation should be examined with a service-dominant logic perspective by considering properties of services. Service-dominant logic as an evolving view in marketing highlights the importance of value co-creation, relationships, processes, and operant resources in the service exchanges of the organizations. In this chapter, important determinants related to logistics innovation are derived by a comprehensive literature review. Furthermore, a conceptual model of logistics innovation within a service-dominant logic perspective is established. This study is novel in that it focuses on the unexplored research of logistics innovation from the perspective of service-dominant logic by taking a holistic approach integrating technology, knowledge, and relationship orientation concepts with value co-creation.
The Mediating Role of Innovation in Strategic International Marketing
Authors: Wong Ho Yin
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to empirically examine the mediating role of innovation in strategic international marketing. The theoretical model consists of four variables: firm commitment, innovation, promotion strategy, and firm performance. It is conceptualized that firm commitment influences innovation that mediates the promotion variable, which in turn affects firm performance. A mail-out survey to Australian firms involved in international marketing gathered 315 useable responses. The whole theoretical model was tested using the structural equation modelling, partial disaggregation method. The findings confirm significant relationships among the variables in the theoretical model. All major fit indices from structural equation modelling analysis show satisfactory results for both the measurement model and the structural model. The findings shed light on the deployment of resources and capabilities such as human and financial resources, innovation, and promotion strategy to enhance firm performance. The major contributions of this chapter are the establishment of the mediating role of innovation on promotion strategy and the variables from the resources and capabilities perspective affecting firm performance.
Sales Forecasting Practices in Macedonian Small-Scale Manufacturing Plants
Authors: Stojanovska Slagjana
Published: August 2014

This chapter presents the findings of the latest research results in terms of sales forecasting practices in 30 small-scale manufacturing plants in Macedonia. Findings about organizational sales forecasting practices are obtained through three sets of main issues: design, selection, and evaluation. Design issues are related with the purpose/use of forecast, types of data, time horizon, and frequency of sales forecasting modification. Selection issues are related to the most popular sales forecasting techniques, and several evaluation issues are elaborated in detail. Macedonian sales forecast practices of Macedonian small-scale manufacturing participants may be of interest to similar companies in the world, especially in developing countries.
Enhancing the Supply Chain in Organisations
Authors: Hosseini M. Reza , Chileshe Nicholas , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Lehmann Steffen
Published: August 2014

Reverse Logistics (RL) is an innovation able to bring about immense benefits for organisations in a wide range of industries through enhancing the performance of supply chain procedures. Yet, evidence demonstrates that RL has remained unexploited mainly due to the lack of knowledge about its benefits, enablers, and major aspects of its adoption and implementation. In this context, promoting the adoption and diffusion of RL into the supply chain of organisations has been recommended frequently. This chapter provides a response to such need by (1) explaining the phenomenon and dispelling the confusions surrounding the RL concept, (2) clarifying the major drivers and barriers of RL and highlighting the role it can play in enhancing the performance of conventional supply chains; in addition, (3) the chapter intends to demystify the major aspects associated with implementing RL in organisations. The chapter also aims at familiarising potential readers with the major references available in the field.
The Effect of Incidental Advertising Exposure on Online Impulse Buying
Authors: Hassine Amira Bel Haj
Published: August 2014

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the influence of the incidental exposition located in the peripheral zone of vision and perceived “without consciousness” in online impulse buying. The authors demonstrate that the advertised brands appearing in the peripheral zone of vision are perceived “without consciousness,” and the participant does not remember being exposed to this ad recently. They test if this exposure has an effect on the purchase of the advertised brand. This chapter also studies the effect of individual self-control on impulse buying and explores the post-purchase reaction to its occurrence. An incidental exposition of a brand was adopted amongst 247 participants. The results show the incidental exposition to a brand facilitates the impulse buying of this brand.
Advancing Theory in Export Performance as a Strategy to Boost Export Growth in Africa
Authors: Sraha Gloria
Published: August 2014

This chapter presents literature on export performance in international business and discusses how exporting firms, especially in Africa, can improve their competitiveness in international markets. The chapter further outlines the dimensions and determinants of export performance as highlighted in the extant literature and the importance of diversification of raw material commodity exports to value added exports in Africa.
Electronic Word-of-Mouth
Authors: Yıldız Emel , Ayyıldız Hasan
Published: August 2014

This chapter examines the effects of word-of-mouth motivations and culture on electronic word-of-mouth behavior. This chapter also focuses on the effects of cultural values on electronic word-of-mouth behavior. Within the context of the study, online forums in which consumers write comments have been used. The data was obtained from an electronic survey provided to 561 consumers. The reliability of scales has been tested via the Cronbach's Alfa Method and the validity of scales has been tested by Factor Analysis. After determining the reliability and validity of the scales, research hypotheses were tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Multiple Regression Analysis. The findings show that motivation and culture have positive effects on electronic word-of-mouth behavior. This chapter also attempts to explain the effects of cultural values on electronic word-of-mouth behavior, and it is found that while uncertainty avodiance and masculinity have positive effects, individualism and power distance have negative effects on electronic word-of-mouth behavior.
Marketing Channels and Supply Chain Management in Contemporary Globalism
Authors: Hu Jianli , Marques Joan , Holt Svetlana , Camillo Angelo A.
Published: August 2014

When Alibaba Inc. started Taobao.com in 2003, there were only a handful of Internet sellers trading online, mostly in second-hand products. Ten years later, China's e-commerce has become the world's largest in terms of total consumer spending, surpassing that of the USA. The expanding service sector within the e-business industry, growing popularity of mobile phones, increased number of Internet users, and extensive competition in the e-commerce industry contribute to the astounding growth of China's Internet market. Despite all the optimism, there are still many issues challenging the development of e-commerce in China, particularly the constraints presented in the domestic and international supply chain systems. In this chapter, the authors review the present market conditions of the Business-to-Consumer (B2C) and Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) markets in China, analyze the critical factors of future development, and discuss the implications for online businesses.
Creating Global Competitiveness through Culture and Religion
Authors: Camillo Angelo A. , Holt Svetlana , Marques Joan , Hu Jianli
Published: August 2014

The Halal food industry is of fundamental significance to Muslims around the world as it assures safety and security in their dietary requirements and consumption, which must be Syariah compliant. In Muslim countries especially, the Halal industry is a vital contributor to societal development and national economic growth. Additionally, over the last decade marketers around the globe, too, have been strategically promoting and strengthening the Halal food industry by targeting primarily critical geographic clusters with large Muslim populations. Although the production, certification, and global coordination effort appears to be made largely by Malaysian and Indonesian authorities, the industry is still very fragmented, and scholars attempting to obtain reliable and valid data face serious challenges. Nevertheless, data gathered from non-academic sources indicate that the global Halal market (food and non-food) is estimated to be in excess of US $2.3 trillion, and the volume of the global Halal food sector alone is reaching US $700 billion annually. The portion of the non-food sector is estimated to be even greater, with chemical, healthcare, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries to name just a few. Furthermore, the Syariah compliant services, which include finance and banking, logistic, warehousing, and distribution, are rapidly gaining acceptance in the global Halal market. The Halal industry within the global context is an under researched field of study in scientific literature, in business, and in social science. This chapter investigates the strategies used by marketers to globalize the Halal food industry with the aim to gain and sustain international competitive advantage.
Skill in forecasting extreme ozone pollution episodes with a global atmospheric chemistry model
Authors: Schnell J. L. , Holmes C. D. , Jangam A. , Prather M. J.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. From the ensemble of stations that monitor surface air quality over the United States and Europe, we identify extreme ozone pollution events and find that they occur predominantly in clustered, multiday episodes with spatial extents of more than 1000 km. Such scales are amenable to forecasting with current global atmospheric chemistry models. We develop an objective mapping algorithm that uses the heterogeneous observations of the individual surface sites to calculate surface ozone averaged over 1° by 1° grid cells, matching the resolution of a global model. Air quality extreme (AQX) events are identified locally as statistical extremes of the ozone climatology and not as air quality exceedances. With the University of California, Irvine chemistry-transport model (UCI CTM) we find there is skill in hindcasting these extreme episodes, and thus identify a new diagnostic using global chemistry–climate models (CCMs) to identify changes in the characteristics of extreme pollution episodes in a warming climate.
Climatic controls on water vapor deuterium excess in the marine boundary layer of the North Atlantic based on 500 days of in situ, continuous measurements
Authors: Steen-Larsen H. C. , Sveinbjörnsdottir A. E. , Peters A. J. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Guishard M. P. , Hsiao G. , Jouzel J. , Noone D. , Warren J. K. , White J. W. C.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. Continuous, in situ measurements of water vapor isotopic composition have been conducted in the North Atlantic, at the Bermuda Islands (32.26° N, 64.88° W), between November 2011 and June 2013, using a cavity ring-down spectrometer water vapor isotope analyzer and an autonomous self-designed calibration system. Meticulous calibration allows us to reach an accuracy and precision on 10 min average of δ18O, δ D, and d-excess of, 0.14, 0.85, and 1.1‰, verified using two parallel instruments with independent calibration. As a result of more than 500 days with 6-hourly data the relationships between deuterium excess, relative humidity (RH), sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and wind direction are assessed. From the whole data set, 84 % of d-excess variance is explained by a strong linear relationship with relative humidity. The slope of this relationship (−42.6 ± 0.4‰ % (RH)) is similar to the theoretical prediction of Merlivat and Jouzel (1979) for SST between 20 and 30 °C. However, in contrast with theory, no effect of wind speed could be detected on the relationship between d-excess and relative humidity. Separating the data set into winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons reveals different linear relationships between d-excess and humidity. Changes in wind directions are observed to affect the relationships between d-excess and humidity. The observed seasonal variability in the relationship between d-excess and relative humidity underlines the importance of long-term monitoring to make accurate conclusions.
Transport pathways of peroxyacetyl nitrate in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from different monsoon systems during the summer monsoon season
Authors: Fadnavis S. , Semeniuk K. , Schultz M. G. , Mahajan A. , Pozzoli L. , Sonbawane S. , Kiefer M.
Published: August 2014

Abstract. The Asian summer monsoon involves complex transport patterns with large scale redistribution of trace gases in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). We employ the global chemistry–climate model ECHAM5-HAMMOZ in order to evaluate the transport pathways and the contributions of nitrogen oxide reservoir species PAN, NOx, and HNO3 from various monsoon regions, to the UTLS over Southern Asia and vice versa. The model is evaluated with trace gas retrievals from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS-E) and aircraft campaigns during the monsoon season (June–September). There are three regions which contribute substantial pollution to the UTLS during the monsoon: the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), the North American Monsoon (NAM) and the West African monsoon (WAM). However, penetration due to ASM convection is deeper into the UTLS as compared to NAM and WAM outflow. The circulation in these monsoon regions distributes PAN into the tropical latitude belt in the upper troposphere. Remote transport also occurs in the extratropical upper troposphere where westerly winds drive North American and European pollutants eastward to partly merge with the ASM plume. Strong ASM convection transports these remote and regional pollutants into the lower stratosphere. In the lower stratosphere the injected pollutants are transported westward by easterly winds. The intense convective activity in the monsoon regions is associated with lightning generation and thereby the emission of NOy species. This will affect the distribution of PAN in the UTLS. The estimates of lightning produced PAN, HNO3, NOx and ozone obtained from control and lightning-off simulations shows high percentage changes over the regions of convective transport especially equatorial Africa and America and comparatively less over the ASM. This indicates higher anthropogenic pollution transport from the ASM region into the UTLS.
Working Memory, Situation Models, and Synesthesia
Authors: RADVANSKY GABRIEL A. , GIBSON BRADLEY S. , MCNERNEY M. WINDY
Published: August 2014

Research on language comprehension suggests a strong relationship between working memory span measures and language comprehension. However, there is also evidence that this relationship weakens at higher levels of comprehension, such as the situation model level. The current study explored this relationship by comparing 10 grapheme–color synesthetes who have additional color experiences when they read words that begin with different letters and 48 normal controls on a number of tests of complex working memory capacity and processing at the situation model level. On all tests of working memory capacity, the synesthetes outperformed the controls. Importantly, there was no carryover benefit for the synesthetes for processing at the situation model level. This reinforces the idea that although some aspects of language comprehension are related to working memory span scores, this applies less directly to situation model levels. This suggests that theories of working memory must take into account this limitation, and the working memory processes that are involved in situation model construction and processing must be derived.
Ethics Under Uncertainty: The Morality and Appropriateness of Utilitarianism When Outcomes Are Uncertain
Authors: KORTENK AMP KATHERINE V. , MOORE COLLEEN F.
Published: August 2014

Real-life moral dilemmas inevitably involve uncertainty, yet research has not considered how uncertainty affects utilitarian moral judgments. In addition, even though moral dilemma researchers regularly ask respondents, “What is appropriate?” but interpret it to mean, “What is moral?,” little research has examined whether a difference exists between asking these 2 types of questions. In this study, 140 college students read moral dilemmas that contained certain or uncertain consequences and then responded as to whether it was appropriate and whether it was moral to kill 1 to save many (a utilitarian choice). Ratings of the appropriateness and morality of the utilitarian choice were lower under uncertainty than certainty. A follow-up experiment found that these results could not be explained entirely by a change in the expected values of the outcomes or a desire to avoid the worst-case scenario. In addition, the utilitarian choice to kill 1 to save many was rated as more appropriate than moral. The results imply that moral decision making may depend critically on whether uncertainties in outcomes are admitted and whether people are asked about appropriateness or morality.