bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling the preferred orientation of layered BiOI solar absorbers
Authors: Jagt Robert A. , Huq Tahmida N. , Börsig Katharina M. , Sauven Daniella , Lee Lana C. , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Hoye Robert L. Z.
Published: June 2020

Bismuth oxyiodide has anisotropic transport properties, and optimal device performance requires control over its preferred orientation. We find that this preferred orientation can be finely tuned through the precursor and substrate temperatures.
The biocompatibility of biofuel cells operating inside the body
Authors: Penven Geraldine , Menassol Gauthier , Alcaraz Jean-Pierre , Boucher François , Thélu Jacques , El Ichi Sarra , Dubois Lionel , Zebda Abdelkader , Cinquin Philippe , Martin Donald K.
Published: June 2020

In 1968 Wolfson et al. published the concept for producing energy inside the body using catalytic electrodes exposed to the body fluid as an electrolyte and utilising naturally occurring fuels such as glucose. Since then, the technology has advanced to enhance the levels of power using enzymes immobilised within three-dimensional bioelectrodes that are nanostructured. Current research in the field of enzymatic fuel cells is directed toward applying electrochemical and nanostructural expertise to increase the energy density, to increase the power density, to increase the operational stability, and to increase the voltage output. Nonetheless, biocompatibility remains the major challenge for increasing the life-time for implanted enzymatic biofuel cells. Here, we discuss the current issues for biocompatibility and suggest directions to enhance the design of biofuel cells so as to increase the life-time of implantation whilst maintaining sufficient performance to provide power for implanted medical devices.
Promiscuity and specificity of eukaryotic glycosyltransferases
Authors: Biswas Ansuman , Thattai Mukund
Published: June 2020

Glycosyltransferases are a large family of enzymes responsible for covalently linking sugar monosaccharides to a variety of organic substrates. These enzymes drive the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides known as glycans, which play key roles in inter-cellular interactions across all the kingdoms of life; they also catalyze sugar attachment during the synthesis of small-molecule metabolites such as plant flavonoids. A given glycosyltransferase enzyme is typically responsible for attaching a specific donor monosaccharide, via a specific glycosidic linkage, to a specific moiety on the acceptor substrate. However these enzymes are often promiscuous, able catalyze linkages between a variety of donors and acceptors. In this review we discuss distinct classes of glycosyltransferase promiscuity, each illustrated by enzymatic examples from small-molecule or glycan synthesis. We highlight the physical causes of promiscuity, and its biochemical consequences. Structural studies of glycosyltransferases involved in glycan synthesis show that they make specific contacts with ‘recognition motifs’ that are much smaller than the full oligosaccharide substrate. There is a wide range in the sizes of glycosyltransferase recognition motifs: highly promiscuous enzymes recognize monosaccharide or disaccharide motifs across multiple oligosaccharides, while highly specific enzymes recognize large, complex motifs found on few oligosaccharides. In eukaryotes, the localization of glycosyltransferases within compartments of the Golgi apparatus may play a role in mitigating the glycan variability caused by enzyme promiscuity.
Towards delineating the chain of events that cause premature senescence in the accelerated aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria (HGPS)
Authors: Dreesen Oliver
Published: June 2020

The metazoan nucleus is equipped with a meshwork of intermediate filament proteins called the A- and B-type lamins. Lamins lie beneath the inner nuclear membrane and serve as a nexus to maintain the architectural integrity of the nucleus, chromatin organization, DNA repair and replication and to regulate nucleocytoplasmic transport. Perturbations or mutations in various components of the nuclear lamina result in a large spectrum of human diseases collectively called laminopathies. One of the most well-characterized laminopathies is Hutchinson–Gilford progeria (HGPS), a rare segmental premature aging syndrome that resembles many features of normal human aging. HGPS patients exhibit alopecia, skin abnormalities, osteoporosis and succumb to cardiovascular complications in their teens. HGPS is caused by a mutation in LMNA, resulting in a mutated form of lamin A, termed progerin. Progerin expression results in a myriad of cellular phenotypes including abnormal nuclear morphology, loss of peripheral heterochromatin, transcriptional changes, DNA replication defects, DNA damage and premature cellular senescence. A key challenge is to elucidate how these different phenotypes are causally and mechanistically linked. In this mini-review, we highlight some key findings and present a model on how progerin-induced phenotypes may be temporally and mechanistically linked.
Mesentery — a ‘New’ organ
Authors: Coffey J. Calvin , Walsh Dara , Byrnes Kevin G. , Hohenberger Werner , Heald Richard J.
Published: June 2020

The mesentery is the organ in which all abdominal digestive organs develop, and which maintains these in systemic continuity in adulthood. Interest in the mesentery was rekindled by advancements of Heald and Hohenberger in colorectal surgery. Conventional descriptions hold there are multiple mesenteries centrally connected to the posterior midline. Recent advances first demonstrated that, distal to the duodenojejunal flexure, the mesentery is a continuous collection of tissues. This observation explained how the small and large intestines are centrally connected, and the anatomy of the associated peritoneal landscape. In turn it prompted recategorisation of the mesentery as an organ. Subsequent work demonstrated the mesentery remains continuous throughout development, and that abdominal digestive organs (i.e. liver, spleen, intestine and pancreas) develop either on, or in it. This relationship is retained into adulthood when abdominal digestive organs are directly connected to the mesentery (i.e. they are ‘mesenteric' in embryological origin and anatomical position). Recognition of mesenteric continuity identified the mesenteric model of abdominal anatomy according to which all abdominal abdomino-pelvic organs are organised into either a mesenteric or a non-mesenteric domain. This model explains the positional anatomy of all abdominal digestive organs, and associated vasculature. Moreover, it explains the peritoneal landscape and enables differentiation of peritoneum from the mesentery. Increased scientific focus on the mesentery has identified multiple vital or specialised functions. These vary across time and in anatomical location. The following review demonstrates how recent advances related to the mesentery are re-orientating the study of human biology in general and, by extension, clinical practice.
Applying Generalizability Theory to Optimize Analysis of Spontaneous Teacher Talk in Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Hollo Alexandra , Staubitz Johanna L. , Chow Jason C.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Although sampling teachers' child-directed speech in school settings is needed to understand the influence of linguistic input on child outcomes, empirical guidance for measurement procedures needed to obtain representative samples is lacking. To optimize resources needed to transcribe, code, and analyze classroom samples, this exploratory study assessed the minimum number and duration of samples needed for a reliable analysis of conventional and researcher-developed measures of teacher talk in elementary classrooms.

Method

This study applied fully crossed, Person (teacher) × Session (samples obtained on 3 separate occasions) generalizability studies to analyze an extant data set of three 10-min language samples provided by 28 general and special education teachers recorded during large-group instruction across the school year. Subsequently, a series of decision studies estimated of the number and duration of sessions needed to obtain the criterion
g
coefficient (
g
> .70).

Results

The most stable variables were total number of words and mazes, requiring only a single 10-min sample, two 6-min samples, or three 3-min samples to reach criterion. No measured variables related to content or complexity were adequately stable regardless of number and duration of samples.

Conclusions

Generalizability studies confirmed that a large proportion of variance was attributable to individuals rather than the sampling occasion when analyzing the amount and fluency of spontaneous teacher talk. In general, conventionally reported outcomes were more stable than researcher-developed codes, which suggests some categories of teacher talk are more context dependent than others and thus require more intensive data collection to measure reliably.
Elastic metamaterial rod for mode filtering in ultrasonic applications
Authors: Sikundalapuram Ramesh S.K. , Chitnaduku Thippeswamy M. , Rajagopal P. , Balasubramaniam K.
Published: June 2020

The proposed 1D elastic metamaterial rod finds application in non‐destructive evaluation, as a filter in the transduction side, where only the torsional and flexural modes need to be generated by isolating longitudinal modes. In this Letter, this is achieved by obtaining a wide bandgap in low‐frequency ultrasound regime. The novelty of the proposed design arises from the use of a high impedance mismatch between the materials selected for the rod. The proposed concept is demonstrated and verified with numerical simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is confirmed by comparing the results obtained from the rod made of a single material.
Address business crisis caused by COVID‐19 with collaborative intelligent manufacturing technologies
Authors: Shen Weiming , Yang Chen , Gao Liang
Published: June 2020

While COVID‐19 has affected the daily life of almost everyone around the world, it has also caused major disturbances to the global economy and to the operations of many businesses in the manufacturing industry. Reginal lockdowns resulted in supply chain breakages. Workforce shortages caused difficult shop floor operations. This study tries to discuss how collaborative intelligent manufacturing technologies can help to address these challenges through (i) optimal design of resilient collaborative supplier networks; (ii) collaborative planning of manufacturing operations among geographically distributed manufacturing plants; (iii) functional redundancy and dynamic reconfiguration of different shop floors; (iv) dynamic intelligent rescheduling of workforces for factory/shop floor operations; (v) remote testing and maintenance of manufacturing equipment with the support of digital twins technologies. These approaches are expected to be an effective hedge against the impact of COVID‐19 or other natural disasters.
Loss‐aware adaptive caching scheme for device‐to‐device communications
Authors: Song Hui , Ke Feng , Guo Wanzhen , Lin Yu , Bo Yang , Liu Shenghai
Published: June 2020

In current research of device‐to‐device (D2D) caching strategies, when terminals request and receive files within the transmission range, the effect of file redundancy and idle loss rate of the cache in terminals are rarely considered. In this study, the authors establish a motion and the transfer model of D2D terminals, and define a loss function considering cache idle loss and file redundancy. Then the relationship between the cache size and the number of terminals is analysed, and the optimal cache size is calculated according to the loss function. Through the analysis, the authors can see that the performance of the D2D caching network is almost constant when the product of the buffer size and the number of terminals is constant. Therefore, inspired by the above analysis and results, the authors devise an adaptive caching strategy, which determines the file caching method according to the comparison of the actual size of the terminal cache and the optimal cache size with respect to the loss function. Simulation results indicate that, compared with other caching schemes, the proposed adaptive strategy yields a significantly higher cache‐hitting rate and less delay.
Optimal content placement for cache‐enabled IoT networks with local channel state information based joint transmission
Authors: Feng Tianming , Shi Shuo , Gu Shushi , Xiang Wei , Gu Xuemai
Published: June 2020

The large amount of devices deployed for the Internet of Things (IoT) cause a tremendous traffic burden on the cloud server. Caching content at the edge of IoT networks is a promising technology to alleviate the traffic load. However, how to further improve the successful transmission probability (STP) of cache‐enabled IoT networks is still an open issue. In this study, the authors propose a novel local channel state information based joint transmission (LC‐JT) scheme for cache‐enabled IoT networks and design the optimal content placement probability at the cooperative edge base stations, correspondingly. First, they derive an upper bound and a tight approximation for the STP of LC‐JT scheme using stochastic geometry. Next, an algorithm is proposed to maximise the approximation of STP in LC‐JT by optimising the placement probability vector, which is a non‐convex optimisation problem. By utilising some properties of the STP, they obtain the globally optimal solutions in specific cases. Moreover, the locally optimal solutions in general cases are obtained by using the gradient projection method. Finally, numerical results show the optimised content placement strategy can achieve significant gains in STP over several comparative baselines. It verifies that the strategy with LC‐JT can considerably enhance the STP in cache‐enabled IoT networks.
Analysis of the correlation between infrared thermal sequence images of nostril area and respiratory rate
Authors: Jian Bo‐Lin , Huang Min‐Wei , Lee Shin‐Hsiung , Yau Her‐Terng
Published: June 2020

In this study, a thermal imaging instrument was used to obtain facial thermal image information which was then used to calculate the number of breaths taken. However, small movements were inevitable and the first issue addressed was the means by which image calibration and region selection was to be made. To this end, thermal image sequence data calibration was done using technology that resolved small natural deviations in the nostril area. After these problems had been solved, a Hampel filter was used to process the nostril area signals. The independent component method was used to filter the effects of non‐respiratory signals, and the least squares method was employed for smoothing. Savitzky‐Golay filtering was used to adjust the signal baseline and the processed nostril region thermal image signals were compared with standard abdominal breathing band signals. Results showed that the difference in the number of breaths per minute was less than 1.5 times. The usual normal respiratory frequency range lies within a range of 0.1–0.5Hz. In the calculation of ‘coherence obtained from MVAR model’, the spectral coherence analysis results showed the methods proposed in this study can substantially enhance the relevance between 0.15 and 0.2Hz.
Siamese convolutional neural network‐based approach towards universal image forensics
Authors: Mazumdar Aniruddha , Bora Prabin Kumar
Published: June 2020

This study proposes a novel deep learning‐based method which can detect different types of image editing operations carried out on images. Unlike most of the existing methods, which can only detect the editing operations considered in the training stage, the proposed method can generalise to manipulations not seen in the training stage. The method is based on the classification of image pairs as either similarly or differently processed using a deep siamese neural network. Once the network learns features that can discriminate different editing operations, it can check whether an image is processed with an editing operation, not present in the training stage, using the one‐shot classification strategy. An image forgery detection and localisation technique is also proposed using the trained siamese network. The experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed method in detecting different editing operations and also show the ability in detecting and localising image forgeries.
Eigenstructure involving the histogram for image thresholding
Authors: Ameer Salah
Published: June 2020

The idea of the proposed image thresholding scheme is simply to consider the histogram as a 2D plot rather than a 1D function. The data can now be represented as a two‐row matrix. The first row is simply the grey levels of the image and the second row is the corresponding histogram values. Multiplying this matrix by its transpose will result in a power‐type matrix of size 2 × 2. The best threshold is the one producing a power matrix closer to that of the original image. Many combinations of the eigenvalues are suggested. To increase the correlation with the first row of the matrix, the histogram is replaced by the cumulative histogram. It is noticed that the trace of the matrix produces the best results. Comparative results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Dual linearly polarised 3D printed Phoenix cell for wide band metal only reflectarrays
Authors: Makdissy Tony , Gillard Raphaël , An Zhihang , Vaudreuil Sébastien
Published: June 2020

This study shows the potential of additive manufacturing for the fabrication of 3D Phoenix phase‐shifting cell. With traditional microstrip printing technology, the cell has many advantages. Here, the authors demonstrate that the 3D printed version of the cell exhibits very good intrinsic performances in the 17–21 GHz frequency band. A deep insight into the operation mode of the cell is drawn in order to have a better understanding of its behaviour. Different prototypes are fabricated and measured to validate experimentally the numerical results.
Secondary voltage controls of virtual‐droop‐controlled bidirectional DC/DC converters in hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Cheng Long , Zhang Zehua , Zhang Fanghua
Published: June 2020

For a hybrid energy storage system consisting of battery and super‐capacitor (SC) in More Electric Aircraft, a decentralised control strategy, which is based on the virtual impedance droop control, can implement the frequency domain allocation of load power avoiding communication delay and a single point of failure. Although the output voltage deviation and state‐of‐charge (SoC) limitation are solved by existing methods, it still suffers from settling time extending. Secondary voltage controls (SVCs) of virtual‐droop‐controlled for battery and SC are proposed to solve the issue. SVC for the output voltage is designed to compensate for the output voltage deviation in the battery converter based on virtual resistance droop control. SC converter, which is controlled by the SVC for input voltage in virtual capacitance droop control, enforces SC SoC back to the initial value and maintains consistent settling time. In this study, a set of detailed design methods for the controller parameters of SVC are developed not only to regulate the output voltage and SoC recovery but also to keep the same settling time. The results of the simulation and experiment validate the effectiveness of the proposed SVC and design method.
Enhanced control strategies of VSG for EV charging station under a low inertia microgrid
Authors: Rasool Aazim , Yan Xiangwu , Rasool Urfa , Abbas Farukh , Numan Muhammad , Rasool Haaris , Jamil Mohsin
Published: June 2020

The droop control strategies can realise an autonomous power allocation among virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) that can provide the recompenses of reduced system complexity and enhanced reliability. The stability of a low‐inertia microgrid can be improved by implementing a VSG, designed for the coordination between multiple variable electric vehicle (EV) based charging loads. This study mainly investigates two control schemes. Firstly, the instantaneous contribution from EV charging control for any disturbance that can provide adequate damping and inertia to a low‐inertia microgrid without degradation of the battery. Secondly, the adjustment of Q –V droop control is suggested by correcting the excitation voltage of a VSG. This method can reduce the influence of line impedances and power ratings on reactive power sharing in a multi‐VSGs system. Additionally, four different active and reactive power control modes of VSG are discussed to emphasise EV charging and discharging control through the VSG controller. These modes are explained through circuit and vector diagrams in direct and quadratic coordinates. The efficacy of the proposed strategies and their influence on power sharing is theoretically demonstrated and analysed. Finally, the theoretical results are validated through extensive simulation and experimental verification.
LED driver based on novel ripple cancellation technique for flicker‐free operation and reduced power processing
Authors: Li Huan , Xiao Weidong
Published: June 2020

Light‐emitting‐diode (LED) drivers are required to maintain the power quality of both the AC input and DC output side. The regulation prevents adverse impacts on the grid and maintains the nominal operating condition of LEDs. Without significant filtering, the input power from a single‐phase AC source can result in low‐frequency flickers that raise health issues. This study proposes a LED driver topology to achieve low harmonics at the AC side and maintain flicker‐free operation to drive LEDs. A novel ripple‐cancelling scheme is developed to minimise redundant power processing and reduce circuit complexity to achieve high‐conversion efficiency. The new topology supports a simple control strategy to operate the driver effectively. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the system performance and verifies the novelty and contribution.
Submodule power balancing control of modular multilevel converters under capacitor degradation
Authors: Ronanki Deepak , Williamson Sheldon S.
Published: June 2020

Impedance characteristics of the floating capacitor in the submodule (SM) of a modular multilevel converter (MMC) change due to its chemical and aging characteristics. This can result in a rise of voltage ripple across SM capacitors, uneven power distribution among the SMs and could also interrupt the operation with prolonged use of degraded capacitors. Existing balancing approaches are presented for the MMC with equal SM capacitance and ignored the effect of capacitor degradation as well as parameter mismatch. Hence, a closed‐loop control scheme that incorporates the effect of capacitor degradation is much necessitated. This study aims to overcome this gap by proposing a new power balancing control algorithm for SM capacitors, which effectively controls and evenly distributes the power among SMs. The efficacy of the proposed strategy is substantiated through PLECS simulations and OPAL‐RT/OP4510 controller‐based experiments on a single‐phase MMC laboratory prototype.
Approximate dynamic programming‐based decentralised robust optimisation approach for multi‐area economic dispatch considering wind power uncertainty
Authors: Zhu Jianquan , Wang Chenxi , Guo Ye , Luo Tianyun , Mo Xiemin , Xia Yunrui
Published: June 2020

This study presents a fully decentralised robust optimisation (RO) approach for multi‐area economic dispatch (MA‐ED) in the presence of wind power uncertainty. Unlike traditional algorithms, the authors formulate this MA‐ED problem as dynamic programming problem, and decompose the centralised robust MA‐ED problem into a series of sub‐problems based on approximate dynamic programming algorithm. The value functions are proposed for each area to iteratively estimate the impacts of its dispatches on the dispatches of other areas which make decisions subsequently. The proposed algorithm does not require a central operator but only needs to exchange a small amount of information among neighbouring areas to achieve fully decentralised decision‐making. It is practical in cases where the centralised operator cannot be implemented considering the dispatch independence and the detailed data of one area is unavailable considering the privacy. Additionally, the accuracy, adaptability and computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm are illustrated using numerical simulations on two test systems and an actual power system.
Hybrid battery‐ultracapacitor storage system sizing for renewable energy network integration
Authors: Gonzalez‐Gonzalez Jose M. , Martin Sebastian , Lopez Pablo , Aguado Jose A.
Published: June 2020

Wind and Solar photovoltaic power plants outputs are usually highly variable due to gusts of wind and sharp sun irradiance level variations caused by cloud shading effects. These effects negatively impact system security, especially in weak power networks. On the other hand, due to the recent technological progress and cost reductions, electrical energy storage systems are an attractive alternative that can be easily integrated into non‐despatchable power plants to compensate for those power output fluctuations. This study proposes a methodology for optimal sizing of a hybrid (lithium‐ion battery and ultracapacitor) energy storage system for renewable energy network integration. Special attention is paid to the battery cycling degradation process. It is shown that battery aging due to cycling is a major driver for optimal sizing. The resulting sizing problem is posed as a non‐linear programming problem. Finally, real and illustrative case studies are presented for both, wind and photovoltaic power plants integrating a hybrid energy storage system. Results are reported by comparing different energy storage system configurations.
Detection of mechanical resonance frequencies for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor servo drives based on wavelet multiresolution filter
Authors: Lin Faa‐Jeng , Chen Cheng‐I , Lin Jyun‐Ru
Published: June 2020

To realise the resonant characteristics of motor drive system, a wavelet multiresolution filter (WMF)‐based scheme is proposed in this study to perform the detection of the mechanical resonant frequencies for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor servo drives. In a conventional motor drive system, the compliance in the coupling between motor and load may cause resonance. Moreover, the parasitic torque ripples resulting from the harmonics of a pulse‐width modulation inverter may excite mechanical vibrations. In the proposed scheme, the localisation analysis of signal can be completed with the WMF at any time and frequency domains for the extraction of resonant frequencies. Then, a band‐pass filter is applied to perform the frequency sweeping for the detection of resonant frequencies. In the final stage, the signal smoothing is implemented with the calculation of absolute and average values. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed resonant‐frequency detection scheme using the WMF, some experimental results at different rotor speed and load conditions are provided. In addition, a two‐channel dynamic signal analyser is also adopted in the experimentation for the comparison of resonant‐frequency detection.
Deobfuscation, unpacking, and decoding of obfuscated malicious JavaScript for machine learning models detection performance improvement
Authors: Ndichu Samuel , Kim Sangwook , Ozawa Seiichi
Published: June 2020

Obfuscation is rampant in both benign and malicious JavaScript (JS) codes. It generates an obscure and undetectable code that hinders comprehension and analysis. Therefore, accurate detection of JS codes that masquerade as innocuous scripts is vital. The existing deobfuscation methods assume that a specific tool can recover an original JS code entirely. For a multi‐layer obfuscation, general tools realize a formatted JS code, but some sections remain encoded. For the detection of such codes, this study performs Deobfuscation, Unpacking, and Decoding (DUD‐preprocessing) by function redefinition using a Virtual Machine (VM), a JS code editor, and a python int_to_str() function to facilitate feature learning by the FastText model. The learned feature vectors are passed to a classifier model that judges the maliciousness of a JS code. In performance evaluation, the authors use the Hynek Petrak's dataset for obfuscated malicious JS codes and the SRILAB dataset and the Majestic Million service top 10,000 websites for obfuscated benign JS codes. They then compare the performance to other models on the detection of DUD‐preprocessed obfuscated malicious JS codes. Their experimental results show that the proposed approach enhances feature learning and provides improved accuracy in the detection of obfuscated malicious JS codes.
KiDS+VIKING+GAMA: Testing semi-analytic models of galaxy evolution with galaxy–galaxy–galaxy lensing
Authors: Linke Laila , Simon Patrick , Schneider Peter , Erben Thomas , Farrow Daniel J. , Heymans Catherine , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hopkins Andrew M. , Kannawadi Arun , Napolitano Nicola R. , Sifón Cristóbal , Wright Angus H.
Published: June 2020

Context. Several semi-analytic models (SAMs) try to explain how galaxies form, evolve, and interact inside the dark matter large-scale structure. These SAMs can be tested by comparing their predictions for galaxy–galaxy–galaxy lensing (G3L), which is weak gravitational lensing around galaxy pairs, with observations.

Aims. We evaluate the SAMs by Henriques et al. (2015, MNRAS, 451, 2663, hereafter H15) and by Lagos et al. (2012, MNRAS, 426, 2142, hereafter L12), which were implemented in the Millennium Run, by comparing their predictions for G3L to observations at smaller scales than previous studies and also for pairs of lens galaxies from different populations.

Methods. We compared the G3L signal predicted by the SAMs to measurements in the overlap of the Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey (GAMA), the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS), and the VISTA Kilo-degree Infrared Galaxy survey (VIKING) by splitting lens galaxies into two colour and five stellar-mass samples. Using an improved G3L estimator, we measured the three-point correlation of the matter distribution with “mixed lens pairs” with galaxies from different samples, and with “unmixed lens pairs” with galaxies from the same sample.

Results. Predictions by the H15 SAM for the G3L signal agree with the observations for all colour-selected samples and all but one stellar-mass-selected sample with 95% confidence. Deviations occur for lenses with stellar masses below 9.5 h−2 M⊙ at scales below 0.2 h−1 Mpc. Predictions by the L12 SAM for stellar-mass selected samples and red galaxies are significantly higher than observed, while the predicted signal for blue galaxy pairs is too low.

Conclusions. The L12 SAM predicts more pairs of low stellar mass and red galaxies than the H15 SAM and the observations, as well as fewer pairs of blue galaxies. This difference increases towards the centre of the galaxies’ host halos. Likely explanations are different treatments of environmental effects by the SAMs and different models of the initial mass function. We conclude that G3L provides a stringent test for models of galaxy formation and evolution.
Nature versus nurture: relic nature and environment of the most massive passive galaxies at z < 0.5
Authors: Tortora C. , Napolitano N. R. , Radovich M. , Spiniello C. , Hunt L. , Roy N. , Moscardini L. , Scognamiglio D. , Spavone M. , Brescia M. , Cavuoti S. , D‘Ago G. , Longo G. , Bellagamba F. , Maturi M. , Roncarelli M.
Published: June 2020

Relic galaxies are thought to be the progenitors of high-redshift red nuggets that for some reason missed the channels of size growth and evolved passively and undisturbed since the first star formation burst (at z >  2). These local ultracompact old galaxies are unique laboratories for studying the star formation processes at high redshift and thus the early stage of galaxy formation scenarios. Counterintuitively, theoretical and observational studies indicate that relics are more common in denser environments, where merging events predominate. To verify this scenario, we compared the number counts of a sample of ultracompact massive galaxies (UCMGS) selected within the third data release of the Kilo Degree Survey, that is, systems with sizes Re <  1.5 kpc and stellar masses M⋆ >  8 × 1010 M⊙, with the number counts of galaxies with the same masses but normal sizes in field and cluster environments. Based on their optical and near-infrared colors, these UCMGS are likely to be mainly old, and hence representative of the relic population. We find that both UCMGS and normal-size galaxies are more abundant in clusters and their relative fraction depends only mildly on the global environment, with denser environments penalizing the survival of relics. Hence, UCMGS (and likely relics overall) are not special because of the environment effect on their nurture, but rather they are just a product of the stochasticity of the merging processes regardless of the global environment in which they live.
Integration of parts scheduling, MRP, production planning and generalized fixed-charge transportation planning in the design of a dynamic cellular manufacturing system
Authors: Shafiee-Gol Shima , Kia Reza , Tavakkoli-Moghaddam Reza , Kazemi Mohammad , Kamran Mehdi A.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, to integrate the decisions of parts scheduling, Material Requirement Planning (MRP), Production Planning (PP) and Transportation Planning (TP) for designing a Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) under a dynamic environment, a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) mathematical model is formulated. The proposed mathematical model integrates extensive coverage of significant manufacturing characteristics in designing a CMS to be implemented in a three-layer supply chain. The considered features include markets demands, heterogeneous vehicles, raw materials requirements planning, parts due dates, cell size limits, machines capacity, intra/inter cell material handling time/cost, transportation time/cost, operation time, alternative processing routes in addition to the main decisions of parts scheduling, PP, TP and dynamic cell formation. Also, some novel characteristics are incorporated based on a three-layer supply chain that make the presented model remarkable respect to the literature including (1) In the first layer, planning the orders of raw materials with different lead times and usage coefficients is performed, (2) In the second layer, decisions of dynamic cell formation and parts scheduling are made, and (3) In the third layer, optimal vehicles are selected as a generalized fixed-charge TP based on transportation time and cost to satisfy multi-markets with different demand volumes. The components in the objective function to be minimized include total costs of holding the parts inventories in the markets, backorders, tardiness, transportation of the parts from the plant to the markets, purchase of raw materials, keeping raw materials in the plant warehouse, intercellular/intracellular movements and machine relocation. An illustrative numerical example is solved by the CPLEX solver to illustrate the achievements obtained by the incorporated characteristics in the integrated model. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the effects of important parameters on the model performance. Since the proposed model is NP-hard, a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm is improved by an elaborately-designed matrix-based chromosome representation is applied to represent all decision variables, as well as a sequential procedure generating initial solutions. Several test problems either generated randomly or taken from the literature with various sizes are solved and the results are compared with the solutions gained using CPLEX solver. The comparisons results show that the designed SA is capable of evolving optimal or near-optimal solutions with reasonable relative gaps in a computationally satisfactory manner.
Competitive pricing strategies of multi channel supply chain under direct servicing by the manufacturer
Authors: Sarkar Amit , Pal Brojeswar
Published: June 2020

Internet and its accessible devices (e.g., mobiles, computers) are the unmitigated blessings to the people. Nowadays, internet connectivity almost eliminates all kinds of blockades for the verification of authentication, comparison of prices, and services for a product. Consequently, the market has been becoming more competitive compared to decision making. In this paper, we construct a multi-channel supply chain (MCSC) frameworks with traditional channels as well as a direct channel (DC), where the manufacturer provides services to the customers for both the cases. Then the optimal decisions of the manufacturer and the retailers are examined. The optimal pricing decisions and services are discussed and also compared the profits with one another under various cases (Stackelberg settings, strategic alliance, and two types of no improved service). Then the sensitivity of the service cost coefficients and the cross-channel price coefficients on the profits for each player and the supply chain is analyzed. We find out the best profitable strategies under the parameters such as service costs and the positive effects of the service on the demand rate. We also mark out the optimum level of the services so that the profit will be maximized for each player. Finally, we define an interval such that if the service costs belong to that interval, then the selling price of the DC would be lesser than the wholesale price. These findings help companies such as automobiles, electronic goods, etc. to implement the best strategies to increase their profit.
Impact of FDG-PET on therapy management and outcome of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with elevated thyroglobulin despite negative iodine scintigraphy
Authors: Backhaus Philipp , Vrachimis Alexis , Schleupner Marie Carolin , Riemann Burkhard , Schäfers Michael
Published: June 2020

Aim The objective of this study was to assess the impact of implementing FDG-PET imaging in treatment algorithms for differentiated thyroid cancer with suspected recurrence. Primary end points were overall, event-free and disease-specific survival. Secondary end points were therapies, disease control and the sensitivity and specificity of PET imaging.

Methods 194 patients with DTC treated at our center from 1996 to 2014 following thyroidectomy and routine 131I ablation with no remaining 131I uptake in whole-body scans but persisting or rising thyroglobulin values were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Of these, 149 (76.8 %) received an 18F-FDG scan (PET group) whereas the remaining 45 patients (23.2 %) did not (non-PET group). Survival, disease-specific characteristics at inclusion, disease control and therapies were compared.

Results Patients of the PET group generally showed characteristics associated with higher disease activity from inclusion onwards. This did not translate to statistically significant differences in survival. If PET imaging was performed following inclusion, patients received significantly less radioiodine treatments during the first nine months after inclusion (63.1 % of the PET-group vs 82.2 % of the non-PET group). Simultaneously, patients tended to receive more surgeries following PET imaging (27.5 % PET-group vs 13.3 % non-PET group). No significant differences regarding disease control were observed.

Conclusion The early use of FDG-PET imaging in cases of suspected recurrence or existence of dedifferentiated DTC can lead to changes in therapy management, specifically identifying patients unlikely to benefit from additional radioiodine therapy who would instead qualify for surgical therapy methods.
Oxidation of Alkynes via Catalytic Metal-Vinylidenes
Authors: Saá Carlos , Varela Jesús A. , Álvarez-Pérez Andrea
Published: June 2020

Metal-vinylidenes, generated by treatment of terminal alkynes with transition metals, are very useful intermediates in modern synthetic chemistry as shown by the high number of transformations in which they are involved. When a metal-vinylidene is generated in the presence of an oxidant, its immediate oxidation to a ketene occurs. In this short review, recent synthetic applications of the oxidation of alkynes via ketene intermediates from initially formed metal-vinylidenes­ are highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Oxidation of Metal-Vinylidenes with Internal Oxidants

3 Oxidation of Metal-Vinylidenes with External Oxidants

4 Conclusions
Agreement of Measurement between Arterial and Venous Electrolyte Levels in Neonates in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Doddamani Parveen , Kasapura Shivashankar Kusuma , Chikkavaddaragudi Ramachandra Shobha , Aman Insha , Maduvanahalli Nataraj Suma
Published: June 2020

Context Venous or arterial blood is used for the estimation of electrolytes in neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In addition to the measurement of blood gases and bicarbonate in the arterial blood, arterial blood gas analysis also estimates electrolytes thus circumventing the need to collect a venous sample for electrolytes. The literature survey revealed studies comparing the electrolyte levels in arterial and venous blood in adults and older children, but to our knowledge none were found in neonates, hence the study.

Aims The aim of the study is to compare the electrolytes in arterial and venous samples in neonates in a critical care set up and derive in-house prediction equation to correlate the arterial and venous electrolytes.

Settings and Design Hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study done in critically ill neonates.

Materials and Methods All the newborns (age ≤28 days) admitted in NICU from July 2016 to June 2018 were selected for the study and data collected with the help of Hospital Information System.

Statistical Analysis MedCalc and NCSS 12 (trial version) software was used. Deming Regression and Bland Altman analysis were performed.

Results A strong positive correlation between the arterial and venous blood electrolytes observed. An in-house prediction equation was derived for the venous electrolytes. Deming regression analysis showed that only potassium levels are statistically equivalent between the instruments and the sample type. Bland Altman Analysis between the arterial and venous electrolytes showed a mean difference which was well within the accepted Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment guidelines.

Conclusion The electrolyte levels estimated by arterial blood in neonates can be used in an interchangeable manner only for potassium levels, whereas sodium and chloride estimation necessitates one to be cautious.
The Use of an Intraoperative Skeletal Traction Device for Delayed Reduction in Pelvic Fractures in Two Dogs
Authors: Bourbos Alexandros , Cinti Filippo , Sergiampietri Fabiana , Pisani Guido
Published: June 2020

Two large-breed dogs underwent delayed surgical repair of pelvic fractures with the aid of a skeletal traction device. Distraction and reduction in the fractures using the skeletal traction device were monitored by direct visualization and intraoperative fluoroscopy. Postoperative radiographs revealed good to near-anatomical bone reduction and fracture alignment without narrowing of the pelvic canal. Both dogs had complete functional recovery with no evidence of neurological deficits. The use of a skeletal traction device should be considered for reduction and fixation of delayed pelvic fractures.
Influence of light absorption in the interaction of asymmetric elegant Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser beams with collisionless magnetized plasma
Authors: Vhanmore B. D. , Takale M. V. , Patil S. D.
Published: June 2020

In the present paper, an analysis of self-focusing of asymmetric elegant Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser beams having transverse electromagnetic (TEMmn) modes with mode indices m = 0 and n = 0, 2, and 4 in magnetized plasma has been presented. The nonlinearity in the effective dielectric function of plasma considered herein is mainly due to the ponderomotive mechanism. The nonlinear coupled differential equations for beam width parameters in both x and y dimensions of the beams are established by using Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and paraxial approximations through a parabolic equation approach. The behavior of beam width parameters with the dimensionless distance of propagation is presented graphically at different parameters of plasma and those of general beam's family considered. Specifically, complexity in beam width parameters is highlighted through the influence of light absorption, mode index, and decentered parameter. The results show that two unlike decentered parameters in transverse dimensions of the beam change beam-widths considerably at higher order mode indices. Absorption gives an important role in complexity of beam width parameters in transverse dimensions of the beam.
Experimental study on early detection of cascade flutter in turbo jet fans using combined methodology of symbolic dynamics, dynamical systems theory, and machine learning
Authors: Hachijo Takayoshi , Gotoda Hiroshi , Nishizawa Toshio , Kazawa Junichi
Published: June 2020

Cascade flutter driven by aerodynamic instability leads to severe structural destruction of turbine blades in aircraft engines. The development of a sophisticated methodology for detecting a precursor of cascade flutter is one of the most important topics in current aircraft engineering and related branches of nonlinear physics. A novel detection methodology combining symbolic dynamics, dynamical systems, and machine learning is proposed in this experimental study to detect a precursor of cascade flutter in a low-pressure turbine. Two important measures, the weighted permutation entropy in terms of symbolic dynamics and the determinism in recurrence plots in terms of dynamical systems theory, are estimated for the strain fluctuations on turbine blades to capture the significant changes in the dynamical state during a transition to cascade flutter. A feature space consisting of the two measures obtained by a support vector machine, can appropriately be classified into three dynamical states: a stable state, a transition state, and a cascade flutter state. The proposed methodology is valid for detecting a precursor of cascade flutter.
High-speed x-ray phase contrast imaging and digital image correlation analysis of microscale shock response of an additively manufactured energetic material simulant
Authors: Wagner Karla B. , Keyhani Amirreza , Boddorff Andrew K. , Kennedy Gregory , Montaigne Didier , Jensen Brian J. , Beason Matthew , Zhou Min , Thadhani Naresh N.
Published: June 2020

The performance of energetic materials subjected to dynamic loading significantly depends on their micro- and meso-scale structural morphology. The geometric versatility offered by additive manufacturing opens new pathways to tailor the performance of these materials. Additively manufactured energetic materials (AMEMs) have a wide range of structural characteristics with a hierarchy of length scales and process-inherent heterogeneities, which are hitherto difficult to precisely control. It is important to understand how these features affect AMEMs’ response under dynamic/shock loading. Therefore, temporally and spatially resolved measurements of both macroscopic behavior and micro- and meso-level processes influencing macroscopic behavior are required. In this paper, we analyze the shock compression response of an AMEM simulant loaded under several impact conditions and orientations. X-ray phase contrast imaging (PCI) is used to track features across the observed shock front and determine the linear shock velocity vs particle velocity equation of state, as well as to quantify the interior deformation fields via digital image correlation (DIC) analyses. Photon Doppler velocimetry is simultaneously used to measure the particle velocities of the specimens, which are consistent with those obtained from x-ray PCI. The DIC analyses provide an assessment of the average strain fields inside the material, showing that the average axial strain depends on the loading intensity and reaches as high as 0.23 for impact velocities up to 1.5 km/s. The overall results demonstrate the utility of x-ray PCI for probing “in-material” equation of state and interior strains associated with dynamic shock compression behavior of the AMEM simulant.