bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can Research on Past Urban Adaptations be Made Useful for Sustainability Science?
Authors: Smith Michael E.
Published: August 2022

This paper has now been published in Global Sustainability (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-sustainability/article/how-can-research-on-past-urban-adaptations-be-made-useful-for-sustainability-science/A5A899A62675E67E0D5BF2A530405A46/share/9343243f38fbcd9a4a45ca8f1d1c4822f12c4e53). ABSTRACT: I explore the different ways historical and archaeological data can be deployed to contribute to research on urban sustainability science, emphasizing issues of argumentation and epistemology. I organize the discussion around three types of argument. The urban trajectory argument exploits the long time series of early cities and urban regions to examine change at a long time scale. The sample size argument views the role of early cities as adding to the known sample of settlements to increase understanding of urban similarities and differences. The laboratory argument uses data from past cities to explicitly test models derived from contemporary cities. Each argument is examined for three contrasting epistemological approaches: heuristic analogs, focused case studies, and quantitative studies. These approaches form a continuum leading from lesser to greater scientific rigor and from qualitative to quantitative frameworks. Much past-present argumentation requires inductive logic, also called reasoning by analogy. Sustainability scientists have confused this general form of argument with its weakest version, known as heuristic analogs. I stress ways to improve methods of argumentation, particularly by moving research along the continuum from weaker to stronger arguments.
The French Paradox: or how to study the racial question without race category?
Authors: De Lima Suely Aparecida
Published: August 2022

Abstract: This text is structured around the following question: how does France approach the racial issue given that French State prohibits the use of race category? The central argument is that studies on racial question in hexagonal France practice an ethnic and racial bricolage based on legal (nationality) and geographical (country and region) categories. Aiming to contribute with the literature inscribed in the historical sociology of racism, this paper is empirically informed by the studies conducted in France by the National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) and the National Consultative Commission on Men’s Rights (CNCDH). Based on these studies, an overview of the racial issue in contemporary metropolitan France is constructed in order to analyse the French paradox: despite the persistence of racism in French society, race sociological category is prohibited by the French State.Keywords: Census; France; Race; Racism; Statistics.
On-Die Parametric Analysis of SRAM
Authors: Mauck Benjamin M. , Ravichandran Vishnumohan , Mughal Usman Azeez
Published: August 2022

Parametric analysis of SRAM cells is widely used to locate faults and analyze device failures, but the pico-probing and bit-line multiplexing required for data acquisition is becoming increasingly difficult. This article explains how the addition of an on-die low-yield analysis circuit eliminates the problem. The simplicity of the measurement circuit and the potential to use a known library of curves, makes low-yield analysis one of the most versatile DFT techniques for cache fault isolation.
Some Failure Analysis Lessons Learned
Authors: McClelland Dick
Published: August 2022

A guest columnist shares some of the lessons learned in the course of his career. The wisdom contained in these lessons can be summed up as follows: look at the problem from different perspectives, believe the data, and don’t give up too soon.
Lessons from Sudoku
Authors: Burgess David L.
Published: August 2022

Failure analysis requires a working knowledge of physics, technology, materials, manufacturing practices, analytical techniques, and more. It is difficult to imagine what failure analysis would be like if all the laws of physics were perfectly apparent and all the challenges of sample preparation and testing were removed. Eliminating those considerations, failure analysis would be more like Sudoku. Sudoku is a simple number puzzle enjoyed by both children and adults. The simplicity of Sudoku compared to failure analysis is the point. Although Sudoku is starkly simple, the process is challenging to the best of us. Good and bad problem-solving practices are clearly exposed by the experience of solving a few Sudoku puzzles. Some insights that are brilliantly clear in Sudoku are equally true in failure analysis.
Can Competitors Build Some Common FA Facilities to Improve ROI and Efficiency?
Authors: Antoniou Nicholas
Published: August 2022

This ISTFA panel discussed opportunities and challenges related to failure analysis facilities shared by multiple companies. The factors to consider and some examples of what’s being done were presented and discussed by the panel members.
Lock-in Infrared Microscopy with 1.4 μm Resolution Using a Solid Immersion Lens
Authors: Breitenstein Otwin , Altmann Frank , Riediger Thorsten , Karg Dieter
Published: August 2022

Backside optical analysis is often aided by solid immersion lenses (SILs), but as the authors of this article explain, SILs improve the resolution of front side thermography as well. The authors describe the physics behind solid immersion lenses and provide examples that demonstrate the advantages and limitations of their use from the font side.
Voltage Contrast and EBIC Failure Isolation Techniques
Authors: Strizich Michael
Published: August 2022

Voltage contrast followed by electron beam induced current imaging is an effective approach for isolating IC failures. This article briefly reviews the physics of signal generation for both techniques and presents several examples illustrating how this powerful combination contributes to advanced defect localization.
Test and Failure Analysis: Have We Progressed in Bringing Them Together?
Authors: Walraven Jeremy A.
Published: August 2022

The ISTFA 2006 panel discussion focused on the integration of test and failure analysis, a topic that was originally addressed at ISTFA 2000. The goal of this year’s panel was to discuss the improvements made to the integration of test and failure analysis and to explore our capabilities for analyzing future technologies.
Secondary Electron Potential Contrast in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors: More Than Just Dopant Profiling with the SEM
Authors: Buzzo Marco , Ciappa Mauro , Fichtner Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Dopant profiles in submicron silicon devices are typically measured using scanning probe techniques. A new SEM-based method has recently emerged, however, that could prove to be a more powerful tool for quantitative dopant imaging. This article discusses the measurement physics of secondary electron potential contrast imaging and assesses its capabilities based on the analysis of SiC power transistors, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and quantum well devices.
MEMS Device Failure Analysis: Simulation and the Road Ahead
Authors: Drummond Colin
Published: August 2022

This column explains how simulation tools and materials life data can provide a new level of productivity for engineers involved in forensic analysis of MEMS devices.
Методы анализа данных в маркетинге: Учебное пособие, [электронное издание сетевого распространения] / М.В. Богданова, В.Г. Богданова, Л.С. Паршинцева. Государственный университет управления. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2022. – 170 с.
Authors: Богданова М.В. , Богданова В.Г. , Паршинцева Л.С.
Published: August 2022

В учебном пособии рассматриваются теоретические основы и возможности практического применения методов анализа данных в маркетинге, в том числе с использованием специализированных пакетов прикладных программ. Предназначено для бакалавров, специалистов, магистрантов, аспирантов, докторантов и соискателей ученых степеней кандидата и доктора наук, также может быть полезным для преподавателей и специалистов-практиков в области статистики и маркетинга.
MODERNIZATION OF SMALL SWINE FARMS WITH CLOSED CYCLE OF PRODUCTION
Authors:   L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Khalin S. , Babinets T. ,   L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, Smolyar V. ,   L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the research is to assess the relevance of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle. Research methods. Analytical research on the relevance of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle was carried out by the method of processing existing scientific and informational reports. Research results. When organizing pork production at the farm level, the most important measures should be on the production flow, formation of homogeneous technological groups of pigs, herd reproduction, sow keeping, quality of feed rations, creating a proper microclimate, compliance with production technology. One of the main factors holding back the growth of pork production is the lack of feed, their low quality and the constant shortage of digestible protein in feed rations for pigs. The existing premises of small pig farms do not fully meet modern requirements for the maintenance of various technological groups of pigs. The further development of pig farming requires important issues related to sanitary protection zones, animal welfare and environmental protection. It is important to ensure biosafety in pig farming and to implement appropriate veterinary practices and standards. In most pork farms, the genetic potential of domestic pig breeds is now used for reproductive qualities by only 45-50 %, and for fattening by 20-25 %. In the system of qualitative improvement of the breeding stock of farms, the disadvantage is the unsystematic use of reared young pigs, 70% of the products are sold to meat processing plants. When modernizing small pig farms with a full cycle of pork production, among other things, it is necessary to take into account the size and resource characteristics of basic farms to achieve high efficiency of production. Conclusions. According to the results of analytical studies, for the first time the urgency of modernization of small pig farms with a closed production cycle was assessed. The constant shortage of digestible protein in feed rations for pigs is holding back the increase in pork production. Premises of small pig farms do not meet modern requirements for keeping different sex and age groups of pigs. In general, biosecurity and the implementation of good veterinary practices and standards are important in pig farming. There is a low level of realization of the genetic potential of domestic breeds of pigs. The disadvantage should be considered the unsystematic use of raised young. During the modernization of small pig farms, it is necessary to take into account the resource characteristics of farms to achieve high efficiency of pork production. Key words: production, small pig farms, modernization, modern requirements, pig breeding, pork.
Clinical Profiles and One-Year Prognosis of Heart Failure in a Sub-Saharan Country of Africa
Authors: Adoubi Kassi Anicet , Adoubi Kassi Anicet , Soya Esaie Kossa , Diby Florent Kouakou , Niamkey Thierry , Ouattara Pinnin , Konin Chrisophe
Published: August 2022

Background: New classification of heart failure according to ejection fraction calls for exploring in black Africans.
Objectives: To determine our patient's characteristics and prognosis of the subtypes of heart failure.
Methods: We analysed data from consecutive black African patients hospitalised for heart failure at Heart Institute of Abidjan in 2018 and followed up for one year.
Results: Were considered 251 heart failure patients (age: 55.5 ± 16.3 years, 63.7% of males) with preserved (HFpEF) (18.7%), mid-range (HFmrEF) (17.6%), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (63.7%). HFpEF patients were older (p <0.0001) and had more frequently. acute pulmonary oedema. From an echocardiographic point of view, HFpEF patients had, on average, a smaller left ventricle than the other patients (p <0.001), but a larger left atrium (p <0.05). Clinically, these patients were admitted more often with acute pulmonary oedema (p = 0.01) and had more often comorbidities (p=0.00)4. However, survival was better with HFpEF patients than HFrEF patients (log-rank = 4.61; p = 0.032). HFmrEF patients have an intermediate profile.
Conclusion: In our context, although they have the same expression, HFrEF and HFPEF appear very different. We need further studies for a better understanding of HFmrEF.
Monte Carlo Simülasyon Sonuçlarının Nükleer Reaktör Kalp Modelleme Yaklaşımlarına Duyarlılığının Araştırılması
Authors: ALLAF Mohammad , ŞENTÜRK LÜLE Senem , ÇOLAK Üner
Published: August 2022

Monte Carlo simulations provide accurate results for the neutronic response of the system under consideration if modeling is performed appropriately since it has great influence on the results. Sensitivity analysis of modeling approaches for geometry and fissile material composition distributions in the reactor core was performed by taking ITU TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor into consideration. The method of defining fuel element positions in the core by using circular or hexagonal lattice was considered as one case and three different methods of lumping material compositions in the fuel elements was considered as another case since these approaches are used by deterministic codes hence the accuracy of deterministic codes were also investigated. The validation study showed that both MCNP and Serpent Monte Carlo codes resulted in good agreement with the experimental data. It was observed that the handling of fuel composition in different ways did not influence the results significantly (up to 11.1 cents in reactivity). However, the influence of fuel arrangement is more pronounced (deviation in reactivity calculations is around 1$). These deviations at the results may affect the nuclear safety conclusion of reactors having small shutdown margins. It was also concluded that users of the deterministic codes should be aware of the fact that the simplifications in geometry and fuel composition in the core will result in significant deviation from the reality.
The Effects of Propellers Tilted Inward On Hover Rigidity In Rotary Wing UAVs
Authors: KAYATAŞ Erol , ÇELİK Murat
Published: August 2022

Rotary Wing UAVs (RWUAV) with control inputs (thrust, pitch torque, roll torque, yaw torque; 4 at total) less than the degree of freedom (3 angular motion, 3 linear motion; 6 at total) can move in the X-Y plane by rotating the thrust vectors, i.e their bodies. Deflections caused by external disturbances like winds are also eliminated by angular positioning which creates tractions against disruptive drag forces. However, the fact that the thrust vectors (propeller axis) placed perpendicular to the flight plane do not intersect in space carries the outer center of rotation of the platform to infinity, causing linear acting forces to deflect the system in the same direction in both translation and rotation. This coupling leads to an increase in the net deflection of the geometric center. It is observed that the deflection of the geometric center decreased and converged to the pure translation curve as the propeller placement angles decreased. With the study reported here, it has been analytically modeled and demonstrated how inward tilted propellers increase the hover stiffness of the platform against external disturbances. For future studies, the phenomenon suggesting inward tilted propellers may enhance the platform maneuverability by forming the outer rotation center (thrust vectors’ intersection point) is developed.
(2+1)-boyutlu kompleks lineer olmayan üç bağlı Maccari modelinin modifiye edilmiş yeni Kudryashov yöntemi ile topolojik olmayan soliton çözümü
Authors: ÖZIŞIK Müslüm , TEKERCİOĞLU Ramazan
Published: August 2022

This paper, deals with the (2+1)-dimensional complex three coupled nonlinear Maccari’s model (3-CCME) by utilizing recently presented modified new Kudryashov method (mNKM). The focus of this article is to obtain non-topological soliton solution of 3-CCME by applying mKNM method, which has not been applied before to the investigated problem. Applying the proposed method successfully, besides the non-topological soliton solution of the investigated problem, the breather-like type soliton solution was also obtained and the obtained results are depicted by the 3D, 2D and contour graphical presentations.
DETERMINATION OF BORAX IN WET NOODLE IN SEPATAN MARKET TANGERANG BY TURMERIC INDICATOR PAPER, FLAME TEST, AND UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Munandar Rulyta Aulia , Rusdiana Nita , Rasydy La Ode Akbar
Published: August 2022

Borax is a dangerous material if it is contained in food so its use is prohibited. Borax contained in wet noodles is used as a preservative to keep the noodles supple and durable. There are reports in several areas in Tangerang about the content of borax in food, but no research has been conducted in the Sepatan Market, Tangerang Regency. Identification of borax by qualitative test using flame test method and curcumin paper color test, while quantitative test using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method with a wavelength of 536.40 nm. Two of the total samples tested using ultraviolet visible spectrophotometric instruments showed negative borax content when compared to the flame test and curcumin paper color test. Wet noodle samples sold at Pasar Sepatan, Tangerang Regency, showed a positive content of Borax at 85.71% of the total sample.
EFFECT OF GELATIN AS A BINDER ON TURMERIC EXTRACT TABLET FORMULATION
Authors: Permadi Adi , Wahyuningsih Iis , Yuliani Sapto , Satar Ibdal , Wijayatri Ratna
Published: August 2022

The main components for tablet formulations are the fillers, binders, crushers, thinners and lubricants. Among these components, the binders play a key role on the powder cohesion properties during the formation of tablet granules. In this study, turmeric extract tablets were formulated using 15 g of turmeric extract, 35 g of aerosil, 12.8 g of lactose, 1% magnesium stearate, 200 ml of aquadest and gelatin as a binder. To evaluate the effect of gelatin on the tablet formulation, the gelatin was then prepared in different formulation namely 0.1 g (formulation A), 0.2 g (formulation B) and 0.5 g (formulation C), respectivley. Based on the tablet properties, the turmeric tablet with formulation C met the standard requirements of friability less than 1%, the hardness in the range of 4 -8 kg and disintegration time under 15 minutes.
Celular em sala de aula: uma ferramenta no processo ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Silva Cleber Cezar , Silva de Melo Roquilane Maria
Published: August 2022

Este estudo apresenta uma experiência didática em sala de aula, com o objetivo de conduzir os alunos à maior compreensão dos conteúdos, de forma dinâmica, unindo o livro didático e o celular em prol do conhecimento. A metodologia buscou na pesquisa-ação um caminho para o desenvolvimento colaborativo dos estudantes, executando o projeto “celular em sala de aula” com os conteúdos de Língua Portuguesa, por meio do link  do livro Aprender+. O uso de tecnologias digitais está contemplado nas competências e habilidades da BNCC. Os resultados de ordem qualitativa foram positivos, havendo maior interesse e participação dos alunos nas atividades propostas em sala de aula, observando aprendizagem satisfatória com maior motivação, interferindo no desempenho avaliativo.
Changes in patterns of traumatic brain injury in the Michigan Trauma Quality Improvement Program database early in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Johnson Reid A. , Eaton Anne , Tignanelli Christopher J. , Carrabre Kailey J. , Gerges Christina , Yang George L. , Hemmila Mark R. , Ngwenya Laura B. , Wright James M. , Parr Ann M. , _ _
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

The authors’ objective was to investigate the impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on hospital presentation and process of care for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Improved understanding of these effects will inform sociopolitical and hospital policies in response to future pandemics.

METHODS

The Michigan Trauma Quality Improvement Program (MTQIP) database, which contains data from 36 level I and II trauma centers in Michigan and Minnesota, was queried to identify patients who sustained TBI on the basis of head/neck Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) codes during the periods of March 13 through July 2 of 2017–2019 (pre–COVID-19 period) and March 13, 2020, through July 2, 2020 (COVID-19 period). Analyses were performed to detect differences in incidence, patient characteristics, injury severity, and outcomes.

RESULTS

There was an 18% decrease in the rate of encounters with TBI in the first 8 weeks (March 13 through May 7), followed by a 16% increase during the last 8 weeks (May 8 through July 2), of our COVID-19 period compared with the pre–COVID-19 period. Cumulatively, there was no difference in the rates of encounters with TBI between the COVID-19 and pre–COVID-19 periods. Severity of TBI, as measured with maximum AIS score for the head/neck region and Glasgow Coma Scale score, was also similar between periods. During the COVID-19 period, a greater proportion of patients with TBI presented more than a day after sustaining their injuries (p = 0.046). COVID-19 was also associated with a doubling in the decubitus ulcer rate from 1.0% to 2.1% (p = 0.002) and change in the distribution of discharge status (p = 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed no differences in odds of death/hospice discharge, intensive care unit stay of at least a day, or need for a ventilator for at least a day between the COVID-19 and pre–COVID-19 periods.

CONCLUSIONS

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients who presented with TBI was initially lower than in the years 2017–2019 prior to the pandemic. However, there was a subsequent increase in the rate of encounters with TBI, resulting in overall similar rates of TBI between March 13 through July 2 during the COVID-19 period and during the pre–COVID-19 period. The COVID-19 cohort was also associated with negative impacts on time to presentation, rate of decubitus ulcers, and discharge with supervision. Policies in response to future pandemics must consider the resources necessary to care for patients with TBI.
Risk of intracranial aneurysm recurrence after microsurgical clipping based on 3D digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Marbacher Serge , Grüter Basil Erwin , Wanderer Stefan , Andereggen Lukas , Cattaneo Marco , Trost Patricia , Gruber Philipp , Diepers Michael , Remonda Luca , Steiger Hans-Jakob
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Current knowledge of recurrence rates after intracranial aneurysm (IA) surgery relies on 2D digital subtraction angiography (DSA), which fails to detect more than 75% of small aneurysm remnants. Accordingly, the discrimination between recurrence and growth of a remnant remains challenging, and actual assessment of recurrence risk of clipped IAs could be inaccurate. The authors report, for the first time, 3D-DSA–based long-term durability and risk factor data of IA recurrence and remnant growth after microsurgical clipping.

METHODS

Prospectively collected data for 305 patients, with a total of 329 clipped IAs that underwent baseline 3D-DSA, were evaluated. The incidence of recurrent IA was described by Kaplan-Meier curves. Risk factors for IA recurrence were analyzed by multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models.

RESULTS

The overall observed proportion of IA recurrence after clipping was 2.7% (9 of 329 IAs) at a mean follow-up of 46 months (0.7% per year). While completely obliterated IAs did not recur during follow-up, incompletely clipped aneurysms (76 of 329) demonstrated remnant growth in 11.8% (3.4% per year). Young age and large initial IA size significantly increased the risk of IA recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings support those in previous studies that hypothesized that completely clipped IAs have an extremely low risk of recurrence. Conversely, the results highlight the significant risk posed by incompletely clipped IAs. Young patients with initial large IAs and incomplete obliteration have an especially high risk for IA recurrence and therefore should be monitored more closely.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for intermediate- and high-grade arteriovenous malformations: outcomes stratified by the supplemented Spetzler-Martin grading system
Authors: Naylor Ryan M. , Graffeo Christopher S. , Nesvick Cody L. , Link Michael J. , Brown Paul D. , Stafford Scott L. , Laack Nadia N. , Pollock Bruce E.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

The supplemented Spetzler-Martin (Supp-SM) grading system was developed to improve the predictive accuracy of surgical risk for patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The aim of this study was to apply the Supp-SM grading system to patients having stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for Spetzler-Martin (SM) intermediate- (grade III) or high-grade (grade IV–V) AVMs to enable comparison with published microsurgical series.

METHODS

In 219 patients who underwent SRS during the period from 1990 to 2016, the Supp-SM grade was calculated for SM grade III (n = 154) or SM grade IV–V (n = 65) AVMs. The Supp-SM grades in these patients were 4 (n = 14, 6%), 5 (n = 36, 16%), 6 (n = 67, 31%), 7 (n = 76, 35%), and 8–9 (n = 26, 12%). Sixty patients (27%) had deep AVMs (basal ganglia, thalamus, or brainstem). Thirty-nine patients (18%) had volume-staged SRS; 41 patients (19%) underwent repeat SRS. The median follow-up period was 69 months for SM grade III AVMs and 113 months for SM grade IV–V AVMs.

RESULTS

AVM obliteration was confirmed in 163 patients (74%) at a median of 38 months after initial SRS. The obliteration rates at 4 and 8 years were 59% and 76%, respectively. Thirty-one patients (14%) had post-SRS deficits from hemorrhage (n = 7, 3%) or radiation injury (n = 24, 11%). Six patients (3%) died after SRS (hemorrhage, n = 5; radiation injury, n = 1). The rates of neurological decline or death at 4 and 8 years were 11% and 18%, respectively. Factors predictive of nonobliteration were deep location (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.39–0.82, p = 0.003) and increasing AVM volume (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.002). Increasing AVM volume was the only factor associated with neurological decline (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.08, p = 0.002). The Supp-SM grading score did not correlate with either obliteration (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82–1.09, p = 0.43) or neurological decline (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.84–1.56, p = 0.38).

CONCLUSIONS

The Supp-SM grading system was not predictive of outcomes after SRS of intermediate- or high-grade AVM. In a cohort that included a high percentage (47%) of "inoperable" AVMs according to Supp-SM grade (≥ 7), most patients had obliteration after SRS, although there was a high risk of neurological decline.
Neuronal dysfunction and hemodynamic disturbance due to venous congestion in dural arteriovenous fistula revealed by 123I-iomazenil SPECT
Authors: Kanemaru Kazuya , Yoshioka Hideyuki , Hashimoto Koji , Wakai Takuma , Senbokuya Nobuo , Tateoka Toru , Fukuda Norito , Umeda Takako , Onishi Hiroshi , Kinouchi Hiroyuki
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage (RLVD) of a dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is associated with neurological morbidity and unfavorable outcomes. However, the direct damage to cortical neurons by dAVF with RLVD has not been elucidated. 123I-iomazenil (123I-IMZ) SPECT can reveal cerebral blood flow and cortical neuronal damage in early and late images, respectively. This study aimed to assess the cerebral venous congestive encephalopathy caused by dAVF using 123I-IMZ SPECT.

METHODS

Based on the pre- and posttreatment MRI findings, patients were divided into three groups: a normal group, an edema group, and an infarction group. Radioactive counts in the early and late images of 123I-IMZ SPECT were investigated using the affected-to-contralateral side asymmetry ratio (ACR).

RESULTS

None of the patients in the normal group showed any symptoms related to venous congestion. In contrast, all the patients in the edema and infarction groups developed neurological symptoms. The ACR in early images in the edema group was significantly lower than that in the normal group and significantly higher than that in the infarction group. The ACR in the late images of the infarction group was significantly lower than those of the normal and edema groups. After treatment, the neurological signs disappeared in the edema group, but only partial improvement was observed in the infarction group. The ACR in early images significantly improved after treatment in the edema group, but the ACR in late images did not change in any groups.

CONCLUSIONS

123I-IMZ SPECT is useful for evaluating hemodynamic disturbances and neuronal damage in dAVFs. The reduction in early images was correlated with the severity of venous congestive encephalopathy, and the significant reduction in late images is a reliable indicator of irreversible venous infarction caused by RLVD.
Metformin and Dementia Risk: A Systematic Review with Respect to Time Related Biases
Authors: Dai Jiahui , Ports Kayleen Deanna , Corrada Maria M. , Odegaard Andrew O. , O’Connell Joan , Jiang Luohua
Published: August 2022

Background:

When studying drug effects using observational data, time-related biases may exist and result in spurious associations. Numerous observational studies have investigated metformin and dementia risk, but have reported inconsistent findings, some of which might be caused by unaddressed time-related biases. Immortal time bias biases the results toward a “protective” effect, whereas time-lag and time-window biases can lead to either a “detrimental” or “protective” effect.

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review examining time-related biases in the literature on metformin and dementia.

Methods:

The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched for the terms “Metformin” AND (“dementia” OR “Alzheimer’s Disease” OR “cognitive impairment"). These databases were searched from inception through 09/24/2021. Only English language articles and human research were eligible.

Results:

Seventeen studies were identified: thirteen cohort studies, two case-control studies, and two nested case-control studies. Eleven (64.7%) studies reported a reduced risk of dementia associated with metformin use; two (11.8%) suggested metformin increased dementia risk, while four (23.5%) concluded no significant associations. Eight (61.5%) of thirteen cohort studies had immortal time bias or did not clearly address it. Fifteen (88.2%) of seventeen reviewed studies had time-lag bias or did not clearly address it. Two (50.0%) of four case-control studies did not explicitly address time-window bias. The studies that addressed most biases concluded no associations between metformin and dementia risk.

Conclusion:

None of the reviewed studies clearly addressed relevant time-related biases, illustrating time-related biases are common in observational studies investigating the impact of anti-diabetic medications on dementia risk.
On neutrosophic multi-level multi-objective linear programming problem with application in transportation problem
Authors: Fathy E. , Ammar E.
Published: August 2022

In this research, we use the harmonic mean technique to present an interactive strategy for addressing neutrosophic multi-level multi-objective linear programming (NMMLP) problems. The coefficients of the objective functions of level decision makers and constraints are represented by neutrosophic numbers. By using the interval programming technique, the NMMLP problem is transformed into two crisp MMLP problems, one of these problems is an MMLP problem with all of its coefficients being upper approximations of neutrosophic numbers, while the other is an MMLP problem with all of its coefficients being lower approximations of neutrosophic numbers. The harmonic mean method is then used to combine the many objectives of each crisp problem into a single objective. Then, a preferred solution for NMMLP problems is obtained by solving the single-objective linear programming problem. An application of our research problem is how to determine the optimality the cost of multi-objective transportation problem with neutrosophic environment. To demonstrate the proposed strategies, numerical examples are solved.
Identity management in the workplace: Coworker perceptions of individuals with contested disabilities
Authors: Godard Rebecca , Hebl Mikki , Nittrouer Christine
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Much of the existing research on disability and disability-related workplace accommodations presume that disabilities are visible and commonly accepted. Yet, many disabilities are invisible and contested, or perceived as fake, low-severity/minor, and/or illegitimate. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of identity management strategies that individuals with contested disabilities might use when requesting accommodations in a workplace setting. METHODS: We used two electronic experiments to investigate the effect of identity management strategies on perceived fairness of accommodations and attributions about individuals requesting accommodations. Studies 1 and 2 used online surveys to collect data from 117 and 184 working adults, respectively. RESULTS: Study 1 indicates that four invisible disabilities (chronic fatigue syndrome, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and chronic migraine) are viewed as significantly less legitimate than the visible disability paraplegia. In study 2, any form of disclosure of a contested disability (vs. no disclosure) resulted in higher perceived fairness and more positive attributions about the person requesting accommodations. There were minimal differences between the different identity management strategies tested. CONCLUSIONS: Workplaces should work to create spaces in which employees can disclose contested disabilities to managers and coworkers without fear of enhanced stigmatization.
Application of the best-worst method approach for prioritizing risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among mobile device users: A case study
Authors: Jain Rahul , Rana Kunj Bihari , Meena Makkhan Lal , Verma Vibhor
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work–related health issues among mobile device (MD) users due to long hour of working during homestay. Various researches have been carried out earlier for identifying the MSD risk factors, though the risk factors’ priority and weightage play an important role for risk management. OBJECTIVE: In the current study, the priority and weightage for MSD risk factor (individual factor, personal factor, psychosocial factor, and subfactors in each factor) were identified using the best–worst method (BWM) for MD users through a case study. METHOD: A framework was proposed for evaluating the risk hierarchy. The rating data provided by decision–makers was analysed using BWM for optimistic risk factor outcomes. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on the prioritized risk factors/subfactors for the consistency check. RESULTS: Research results revealed that personal factor was the most prominent risk factor of MSDs, followed by psychosocial factor and individual factor. Further, the total time spent and gender were identified as most and least dominating risk subfactor of MSDs respectively. The evaluated priority and weightage of MSD risk factors were further validated using sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION: The obtained outcomes may be helpful in reducing the MSDs risk factors among the MD users by ergonomic improvement.
Effectiveness of an 8-week hatha yoga intervention to improve lower back pain in university office workers: A mixed-methods pilot exploratory study
Authors: Das Bhibha M. , Conerly Jillian
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Hatha yoga programs have been shown to be effective at improving low back pain among a variety of populations; however, methods to decrease low back pain of university office employees have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of an 8-week hatha yoga intervention on measures of health among university office employees. METHOD: Seven participants completed the 8-week yoga intervention. All measures, including anthropometric measures and online questionnaires, were completed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS: Baseline pain intensity (6.6±3.1) and pain interference (15.6±4.7) reflected a moderate level of back pain and moderate to severe interference. Pain intensity showed a non-significant improvement with medium-to-large effect size [p = 0.07, (d = 0.7)]. There was a significant improvement with a large effect size [p = 0.002, (d = 2.4)] in pain interference. Baseline anxiety (7.4±3.6) reflected a borderline abnormal symptom level, but anxiety significantly reduced to normal levels at post-intervention with a medium effect size [p = 0.002 (d = 0.5)]. Focus group themes were improvements in health and development of a sense of community. CONCLUSIONS: Hatha yoga may be an effective mode of low-impact physical activity to decrease pain and improve mental health while facilitating a sense of community for office workers employed by a university. This study demonstrates promising results with large effect sizes; however, more research with larger sample size and randomized treatment and control groups are needed for future study efforts.
Practice and reflection of participatory design in tableware design for the elderly
Authors: Wang Ching-Yi
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: In the past, the designers used to dominate and conduct user-centered design and research. The findings of such surveys might not reflect the user needs and produce the best design solutions. OBJECTIVE: This project aimed to use PD to introduce the design curriculum to break through the previous user-centered design thinking, as the designer and the user design together, with the user given the right to lead the entire design process. METHODS: The theme of this research design is tableware; 55 students and 11 elderly (over the age of 65) were invited to participate in this study. Questionnaires divided into the beginning, middle and final stages tested the teaching effectiveness of PD. RESULTS: The results showed that PD effectively improves five points: (1) design concepts and attitudes, (2) design methods, (3) problem solving and communication skills, (4) implementing design concepts, and (5) responding to the variety of user needs. CONCLUSION: This PD teaching model employs a well-established practical process to form an effective teaching routine, which is expected to be universally applied to other related design courses.
Disparate healthcare access and telehealth-based hybrid consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bhadola Shivkumar , Tang Connie , Marks Ariel , Kaku Michelle C. , Zhou Lan , Siao Peter , Lau K.H. Vincent
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic led to rapid expansion of telehealth services. This was speculated to improve healthcare access among underserved populations, including individuals unable to take time off work or arrange transportation. OBJECTIVE: We completed a quality improvement project to evaluate the feasibility of hybrid consultations that combined televisits and abbreviated in-person visits for neuromuscular referrals. METHODS: Using a censoring date of August 5, 2021, we reviewed all outpatient neuromuscular consultations from August 5, 2020 to February 5, 2021. For both hybrid and traditional in-person consultations, we reviewed no-show rates, completion rates of ordered diagnostic workup, and billing codes. For hybrid consultations only, we also reviewed intervals between initial televisit and subsequent examination and rates of video-enhanced versus audio-only televisits. RESULTS: During the study period, we completed 153 hybrid and 59 in-person new-patient consultations (no-show rates 9% and 27% respectively.) For hybrid consultations, 77% and 73% of laboratory and imaging studies were completed respectively, compared to 89% and 91% for in-person consultations. For hybrid visits, average RVUs (a marker for reimbursement) per consultation depended on whether audio-only televisits were billed as telephone calls or E/M visits per insurance payer rules, while video-enhanced televisits were uniformly billed as E/M visits. This resulted in average RVUs between 2.09 and 2.26, compared to 2.30 for in-person consultations. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth-based hybrid neuromuscular consultations are feasible with minor caveats. However, the future of telehealth may be restricted by decreasing reimbursement rates particularly for audio-only televisits, limiting its potential to improve healthcare access.
Doses e fontes de zinco aplicado via foliar na qualidade de mudas de alface
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Sousa Ádila Pereira de , Nascimento Ildon Rodrigues do ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Carline João Victor Gonçalves ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Oliveira Liomar Borges de ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Teles Simone Pereira ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Pereira Fernanda Fonseca ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Matos Neto João Francisco de ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Kaonrdörfer Danielly Barbosa ,   Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Published: August 2022

The objective was to evaluate the response of lettuce seedlings to foliar application of different sources and doses of zinc. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, and the design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (3 x 5), consisting of 3 sources with 5 doses each: Zn sulfate (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g Zn ha-1), Zn oxide (0, 187, 375, 562 and 750 g Zn ha-1) and Zn chelate (0; 36.25; 72,50; 108,40; and 145 g Zn ha-1), with 4 repetitions. The highest levels of foliar Zn were obtained at doses of 200, 562 and 72,50 g Zn ha-1, from sulfate, oxide and chelate sources, respectively.
СУТНІСТЬ, СТРУКТУРА ТА ЗМІСТ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ІНСПЕКТОРІВ ПРИКОРДОННОЇ СЛУЖБИ
Authors: БІЛЯВЕЦЬ Андрій
Published: August 2022

У статті вивчено досвід та підходи науковців до трактування поняття професійної компетентності, її структури та змісту. Окреслено особливості професійної компетентності молодших інспекторів прикордонної служби. Її структуру визначено з використанням системно-діяльнісного аналізу та з урахуванням вимог керівних документів, завдань та обов’язків, що покладаються на молодший персонал ДПСУ, особливостей його діяльності. Автор охарактеризував такі складові професійної компетентності молодших інспекторів прикордонної служби, як мотиваційно-ціннісний, когнітивно-інтелектуальний та діяльнісно-операційний компоненти. Мотиваційно-ціннісний компонент являє собою сукупність мотивів, потреб, переконань, особливостей світогляду та охоплює групи суспільних, групових й індивідуальних цінностей. Основою когнітивно-інтелектуального компонента визначено спеціальні (фахові) знання, що ґрунтуються на засадах загальної освіченості, а також загальновійськові прикордонні знання та прикордонно-ситуативну обізнаність. До діяльнісно-операційного компонента зараховано прикордонно-військові, мовно-комунікативні, інформаційно-комунікативні уміння та навички. Визначального значення для розвитку професійної компетентності молодших інспекторів прикордонної служби автор надає мотиваційно ціннісному компоненту.
ЗМІСТ І ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ТА ФІЗИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ОФІЦЕРІВ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ ФРАНЦІЇ
Authors: ГНИДЮК Олександр
Published: August 2022

У статті з’ясовано, що в збройних силах Франції реалізовано найбільш прогресивну серед відомств сектору безпеки і оборони європейських країн модель фізичної підготовки і спорту військовослужбовців. За обсягом годин, що виділяються на фізичну підготовку і спорт під час службового часу, а також кількістю штатних фахівців збройні сили Франції перевершують армії інших країн НАТО. Основною перевагою французької системи фізичної підготовки слід вважати її гнучкість і універсальність.Дослідження змісту і особливостей професійної та фізичної підготовки офіцерів збройних сил Франції здійснено за допомогою узагальнення інформації на офіційних сайтах навчальних закладів збройних сил Франції, використання методів порівняльного аналізу наукових публікацій, інтернет-джерел, досвіду діяльності вищих військових навчальних закладів. Методи структурно-логічного аналізу, систематизації та класифікації використано для виокремлення тенденцій професійної і фізичної підготовки офіцерів збройних сил Франції. Наукова новизна результатів дослідження полягає в тому, що набули подальшого розвитку наукові уявлення про зміст і особливості професійної та фізичної підготовки офіцерів збройних сил Франції.Професійній і фізичній підготовці офіцерських кадрів у Франції притаманні певні особливості і тенденції, зокрема широка мережа військових навчальних закладів і навчальних центрів; урахування національних освітніх особливостей і кращого світового досвіду у підготовці офіцерських кадрів; поетапна організація навчання, що передбачає початкову військову підготовку, підготовку за фахом відповідно до рівнів освіти та ланок управління, підвищення кваліфікації і перепідготовку; організація фізичної підготовки на засадах спортивної доктрини та інші.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ “ВОГНЕВА ПІДГОТОВКА” В АСПЕКТАХ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИКОРДОННИКАМИ ВОГНЕПАЛЬНОЇ ЗБРОЇ
Authors: ЗАБОЛОТНИЙ Сергій , РЕЗНІК Олег
Published: August 2022

З огляду на постійну зміну в обстановці на державному кордону, а на теперішній час з початком повномасштабної війни Російської Федерації проти України питання вміння застосування зброї не тільки стає найактуальнішим, а можливо одним із основних під час виконання завдань з охорони кордону. Потрібно розглядати трансформацію військової освіти з отриманням бойового досвіду в зоні бойових дій, які розповсюдились на значну частину території нашої держави. Метою цієї статті став розгляд та узагальнення основних проблем під час викладання дисципліни “Вогнева підготовка” з курсантами Національної академії Державної прикордонної служби України імені Богдана Хмельницького (далі – НАДПСУ).Стаття присвячена актуальним проблемам викладання дисципліни “Вогнева підготовка” для курсантів Національної академії Державної прикордонної служби України. Проведено аналіз наукової літератури, а саме робіт вчених, які ставлять перед собою мету вивчення проблем та розробку шляхів для їх вирішення в аспектах вищої військової освіти. Доведено важливість розробки рекомендацій до чинних програм вогневої підготовки для підвищення ефективності процесу навчання та подальшого несення служби зі зброєю. Охарактеризовано суть дисципліни “Вогнева підготовка” для персоналу прикордонного вишу, та його важливість для майбутньої професійної діяльності. Проведено аналіз низки компонентів, які мають складати цілісну систему підготовки курсантів до використання вогнепальної зброї. Розглянуто поняття “екстремальна ситуація” в аспектах застосування вогнепальної зброї та її вплив на психічний стан прикордонника.З урахуванням певних недоліків, з якими останнім часом стикаються офіцери-прикордонники, було сформовано рекомендації щодо підвищення майстерності володіння програмою дисципліни “Вогнева підготовка” слухачів НАДПСУ.Зроблено висновки, що найбільш ефективним слід вважати практичне індивідуальне і колективне відпрацювання навичок в аспектах володіння зброєю, її швидкого приведення в бойову готовність та негайного реагування на будь-які ситуації.