bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Renewal Strategies for Communities Based on the Traffic Micro-Circulation System
Authors: Yuhui Xu , Chengcheng Liang , Yue Wu
Published: January 2021

To solve several “inorganic” problems generated recently by community development in China (e.g., waste of social resources, environmental pollution, and decreased economic energy efficiency), focus should be on improving the community traffic organic micro-circulation system. As a historic and mixed functional urban community, the micro-circulation system of Xi'an Railway Bureau exhibits representativeness and complexity. Based on existing research results and years of follow-up investigations, which concentrate on circulation patterns and inherent organic development requirements of the community traffic micro-circulation system, this paper builds an evaluation index system. Value function method was used to implement the index factor quantitative analysis and comprehensive evaluation. Several related strategies were proposed to improve the organic micro-circulation system of the community, which is based on the analysis of the evaluation, in order to adopt the trend in both increasing urban development and stock updating. The analysis results demonstrate that it is necessary to present guiding renewal strategies on community land, road, people, and the environment for those mixed functional communities which use progressive renewed mode. It compensates the problems of overly strong export-oriented system, which is caused by the lack of organic traffic micro-circulation, so as to achieve the selective opening of community external. The study mainly highlights the significance of the systematic analysis of evaluation in influencing strategies on community renewal.
Envelopment: A Methodological Approach in Structuration of Urban Dialectics
Authors: Atun Resmiye A
Published: January 2021

The visualisation and the level of abstraction of complicated organic relations within an urban setting still remains a major problem with regard to urban discipline. This paper captures the dialectic relation within the urban network, in which the interaction between the spatial process of becoming and the temporal state of being is fundamental. ‘Envelopment’ is developed from and based upon Giddens’ structuration theory. It enables visualisation of ‘relations’ and, as problem-setting matrices, allows the fundamentals of the urban network to be itemised within forms of relationships: modalities. Deleuze and Guattari’s philosophy of deterriorialisation is also adopted into urban studies to support further investigations in respect of decoding and Translating ‘modalities’ as fundamentals in achieving continuous reproduction of Envelopment-as a topological space. Generally, topological space is defined in terms of processes and relations, Vocabularies are accepted as essences of urban dialog embodied in the system, needs to be visualised and meanings to be assigned according to their role and position in the system. In envelopment, system will be considered as macro-scale, multi-scalar topology, where all other modes of relations (amongst people, space and time) can be elaborated. The language game of Wittgenstein, as a metaphoric tool allows us to explore and group the modes of relations as vocabularies; “set of modalities”, enabling dialog upon their role and position in the system. Although the approach of Envelopment can be used as a tool, in enabling the representation of the equilibrium of state and process characteristics of system; it also helps as a tool in enabling the representation of macroscopic space-time scale; enabling representation of urban development and enabling representation of change in urban narrative. The various implementation of the Envelopment will be represented as a final discussion of the paper.
Measuring the Influence of Spatial Configuration on Accessibility of Open Space in the Wanchai District of Hong Kong
Authors: Ling Michelle Xiaohong
Published: January 2021

Whilst Hong Kong is suffering from a limited supply of developable land in its major urban areas, some open spaces are frequently criticized as inconvenient for users, consequently leading to an ineffective use pattern. How to enhance the performance of open space is therefore a critical issue faced by city planners. As the conventional accessibility model, which is mainly described with respect to maximum walking distance or service radius, is inadequate to give an account of the issue, this paper accordingly indicates an alternative approach and seeks an explanation from the urban configuration and the way it conditions pedestrian movement pattern. Through investigating the relationship between urban configuration, pedestrian movement and accessibility and use of open spaces based on the Wanchai District of Hong Kong, which particularly epitomizes various urban grids that may have different consequences on the utilization of open space, this study aims to examine whether there is a consistent relationship existing in different spatial grids or whether the relationship varies from different layout patterns. It is hoped that the findings can be employed to improve the performance of open spaces in the urban areas of Hong Kong, in addition to other similar urban environment.
Alvar Aalto: An Anthill Under the Undulating Sky. A Critical View of Finnish Networking
Authors: Bruno Marco
Published: January 2021

The many speculative writings found in Finnish architect Alvar Aalto's notes show an interesting array of information about the construction of a knowledge society, and the formation of networks, in which sharing and exchanging new knowledge among different bodies of architectural agencies become possible. These notes reveal insightful remarks, his personal accounts on the Internet and the growing Network Society that could be regarded as pioneering scholarly engagements, which still further stimulate new and profoundly articulated reflections in architectural theory. At the same time, these notes also encourage further scholarly studies on the possible relationships between time and space on philosophical grounds. With respect to his writings, one can summarize Aalto's contribution under three major headings: the future is nestled in the past; often what is sought is located in the unthinkable; and of many, Alvar Aalto will never cease to be new, unexpected and innovative in his design thinking methods and procedures.
Flash Card Set as Rehearse Tool for Architecture Students
Authors: Hassanpour Badiossadat , Che-Ani Adi Irfan , Şahin Nil Paşaoğluları , Tabrizi Alireza
Published: January 2021

The main goal of architectural education is to increase the independency level of students in finding design solutions throughout their academic years. Despite numerous educational attempts, the lack of supplementary educational methods or tools is still acknowledged by scholars. The present study aims to help students undergo a smooth transition from being highly dependent to minimally dependent on instructors by developing an auxiliary tool that may be used together with critique sessions in design studios. In this study, the critical stages in the design process adopted by students are identified through interviews with instructors and questionnaires for architecture students at Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU) in Cyprus and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Basic theories are aligned with the needs and expectations of the chosen case studies to develop a user-friendly model in flash card format. The data analyses show that students and tutors all agree on the two main critical stages of design, namely data analysis and data development (synthesis) which ends with idea simulation. The developed model and the proposed flash cards attempt to connect these critical stages, which are usually skipped by students. Results show that students need to adopt and be equipped with sequences, priorities and creativity techniques in each step of the design process, and the proposed flash cards can help address this concern.
Prioritising Sociability Attributes of Main Shopping Streets Towards an Inclusive Urban Design
Authors: Rakhshanifar Mahboubeh , Ujang Norsidah
Published: January 2021

In the context of asian cities, streets define the diversity and vibrancy of public spaces despite facing a constant threat of losing the spaces to motorized vehicles and large-scale development. The social life of streets is eroded as a result of new developments that are exclusive and privately regulated. This paper discusses the attributes that influence the sociability of shopping streets based on the street users' assessment. A questionnaire survey was conducted involving 332 respondents in four main shopping streets in the Kuala lumpur city centre, Malaysia. Identification of the sociability attributes using analytic network Process (anP) was applied to determine the sociability factors based on the order of priority. The study found that users tended to participate in social activities while visiting the shopping streets. However, their social behaviour indicated that the actual engagement in optional and informal activities was not regular. Perceived safety and spatial accessibility mainly influenced the users' level of engagement with the streets' activities. To retain streets as inclusive social spaces, urban designers could prioritise mixed-land uses, positive pedestrian experience and good accessibility in boosting sociability of urban places.
The effect of optimism on the work-family interface and psychological health of Indian police
Authors: Agrawal Monika , Mahajan Ritika
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Using conservation of resources (COR) theory the study investigates the interrelationships between optimism, bidirectional work-family conflict, enrichment, and psychological health.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were gathered from 356 Indian police officers using a survey questionnaire and purposive sampling technique.

Findings

The results inform that optimism mitigates family to work conflict (FWC) and fosters work to family enrichment (WFE), family to work enrichment (FEW), and psychological health in the police. The results further suggest optimism influences psychological health via WFE (partial mediation). However, FWC and FEW do not influence mental health.

Research limitations/implications

The study was conducted in a specific culture and context (Rajasthan police), so results cannot be generalized. The study discusses the practical implications for police practitioners.

Originality/value

The study adds to work-family literature by considering personal differences that have received less space in work-family models. To the best of authors' knowledge, none of the previous studies have considered optimism, the work-family interface and psychological health in the police.
Porosity in multi-axis material extrusion of short-fibre composites
Authors: Kaill Nathaniel , Campbell Robert , Pradel Patrick
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the relationship between part porosity and mechanical properties of short-fibre reinforced polylactic acid printed via multi-axis material extrusion (MAMEX) to establish guidelines for optimal process configurations.

Design/methodology/approach

Material properties graphs provide the basis for studying the relationship between porosity and mechanical behaviour. Using the correlations found in this study, the way to improve printing strategies and filament properties can be deducted directly from an analysis of the print path and the final influence on mechanical performance.

Findings

Some commercial brands of short-fibre reinforced filament present inherent porosity that weakens the mechanical behaviour of MAMEX components.

Originality/value

Low-cost MAMEX allows the production of components that do not present anisotropic behaviour and are mechanically optimised through the alignment of the filaments along with internal stresses. This paper also addresses the effects of multi-axis deposition strategies on the resulting porosity and proposes improvements to reduce residual porosity, thus increasing the mechanical performance in the future.
A recipe to control the first wave of COVID-19: more or less democracy?
Authors: Dempere Juan
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This research aims to study some national government success factors at controlling the first wave of COVID-19. The author placed special attention on democracy-related factors.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 156 countries were studied during the first half of 2020 and their government effectiveness was analyzed regarding six dependent variables, namely, the government’s daily average of stringency index, the outbreak response time, the daily average of cases and deaths per million, the daily average of tests per thousand and the mortality rate.

Findings

The study finds that countries with the highest democracy indexes applied the softest social constraints measured by the daily average stringency index. These countries suffered a more severe pandemic impact confirmed by the highest daily averages of cases and deaths per million and the highest mortality rate. Similarly, these countries exhibited the shortest outbreak response time and the most extensive daily average tests per thousand.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of this study include lack of universal consensus for the dependent variables’ definitions, inconsistencies in how countries record COVID-19 deaths, differences in testing efforts, variances on health services, unreliable data from less democratic countries and so on.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, no previous research paper has studied the explanatory power of the author selected government success factors at controlling the first wave of COVID-19, which constitutes this study’s original contribution.
Using mixture design method to optimizing concretes characteristics made with binary and ternary sands
Authors: Attia Ahmed , Guettala Salim , Zaitri Rebih
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to implement the mathematical models to predict concretes physico-mechanical characteristics made with binary and ternary sands using a mixture design method. It is a new technique that optimizes mixtures without being obliged to do a lot of experiments. The goal is to find the law governing the responses depending on mixture composition and capable of taking into account the effect of each parameter separately and in interaction between several parameters on the characteristics studied.

Design/methodology/approach

Mixture design method was used for optimizing concretes characteristics and studying the effects of river sand (RS), dune sand (DS) and crushed sand (CS) in combinations of binary system and ternary on workability, the compressive and flexural strengths of concretes at 7 and 28 days. A total of 21 mixtures of concrete were prepared for this investigation. The modeling was carried out by using JMP7 statistical software.

Findings

Mixture design method made it possible to obtain, with good precision, the statistical models and the prediction curves of studied responses. The models have relatively good correlation coefficients (R2 = 0.70) for all studied responses. The use of binary and ternary mixtures sands improves the workability and their mechanical strengths. The obtained results proved that concrete, based on binary mixture C15, presents the maximum compressive strength (MCS) on 28 day with an improvement of around 20%, compared to reference concrete (C21). For ternary mixtures, MCS on 28 day was obtained for the mixture C10 with an improvement of around 15% compared to C21. Increase in compressive strength during the progress of hydration reactions was accompanied by an increase in the flexural strength, but in different proportions.

Originality/value

The partial incorporation of DS (= 40%) in the concrete formulation can provide a solution for some work in the southern regions of country. In addition, the CS is an interesting alternative source for replacing 60% of RS. The concrete formulation based on local materials is really capable of solving the economic and technical problems encountered in the building field, as well as environmental problems. Local resources therefore constitute an economic, technological and environmental alternative.
Time series analysis of COVID-19 cases
Authors: Bhangu Kamalpreet Singh , Sandhu Jasminder Kaur , Sapra Luxmi
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This study analyses the prevalent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic using machine learning algorithms. The data set used is an API data provided by the John Hopkins University resource centre and used the Web crawler to gather all the data features such as confirmed, recovered and death cases. Because of the unavailability of any COVID-19 drug at the moment, the unvarnished truth is that this outbreak is not expected to end in the near future, so the number of cases of this study would be very date specific. The analysis demonstrated in this paper focuses on the monthly analysis of confirmed, recovered and death cases, which assists to identify the trend and seasonality in the data. The purpose of this study is to explore the essential concepts of time series algorithms and use those concepts to perform time series analysis on the infected cases worldwide and forecast the spread of the virus in the next two weeks and thus aid in health-care services. Lower obtained mean absolute percentage error results of the forecasting time interval validate the model’s credibility.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the time series analysis of this outbreak forecast was done using the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and also seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving averages with exogenous regressor (SARIMAX) and optimized to achieve better results.

Findings

The inferences of time series forecasting models ARIMA and SARIMAX were efficient to produce exact approximate results. The forecasting results indicate that an increasing trend is observed and there is a high rise in COVID-19 cases in many regions and countries that might face one of its worst days unless and until measures are taken to curb the spread of this disease quickly. The pattern of the rise of the spread of the virus in such countries is exactly mimicking some of the countries of early COVID-19 adoption such as Italy and the USA. Further, the obtained numbers of the models are date specific so the most recent execution of the model would return more recent results. The future scope of the study involves analysis with other models such as long short-term memory and then comparison with time series models.

Originality/value

A time series is a time-stamped data set in which each data point corresponds to a set of observations made at a particular time instance. This work is novel and addresses the COVID-19 with the help of time series analysis. The inferences of time series forecasting models ARIMA and SARIMAX were efficient to produce exact approximate results.
Systematic review on sustainable entrepreneurship education (SEE): a framework and analysis
Authors: Sharma Sarika , Goyal D.P. , Singh Archana
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Sustainable entrepreneurship education (SEE) is a field, which mingles two imperative fields of research, sustainable entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. This emerging area has gained momentum in recent years, and various quantitative and qualitative studies are carried upon to explore its diverse dimensions, literature remains scattered. This paper aims to explore the holistic picture of SEE by compiling the research articles, through a systematic literature review of prior research studies.

Design/methodology/approach

Two prominent databases are considered, and these databases then are searched with appropriately designed search strings. Based on an exclusion and inclusion criteria developed by the authors, 59 research papers are selected for further investigation. These research papers are then studied rigorously for review and qualitative content analysis.

Findings

A conceptual framework comprising of the areas of these research contributions is proposed as an outcome. This framework provides insights about the existing state and areas of SEE research namely: (1) Institutional framework, (2) Teaching/learning approaches and (3) External interactions and provides further direction for research.

Research limitations/implications

The present study makes a significant contribution both in theoretical and in practical sense. (1) Compiled the extant literature on sustainable entrepreneurship education; (2) Developed a protocol to conduct the systematic review of literature on sustainable entrepreneurship education; (3) Reported the status of research on sustainable entrepreneurship education, and proposed a framework on existing work; (4) Presented the emerging topics, issues and challenges that need to be addressed in future research.

Originality/value

This article seeks to present a systematic literature review of the research field on sustainable entrepreneurship education. A review of existing literature in this field would certainly help to advance future research efforts as it presents a comprehensive picture of the status quo of this research field.
Information privacy concern at individual, group, organization and societal level - a literature review
Authors: Rath Dillip Kumar , Kumar Ajit
Published: January 2021

Purpose

In today’s digitized environment, information privacy has become a prime concern for everybody. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of information privacy concern arising because of the application of computer-based information system in the various domains (E-Governance, E-Commerce, E-Health, E-Banking and E-Finance), and at different levels, i.e. individual, group, organizational and societal.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors performed an in-depth analysis of different research articles related to information privacy concerns and elements affecting those at certain level of applications. The primary sources of literature were articles retrieved from online databases. Various online journal and scholarly articles were searched in detail to locate information privacy-related articles.

Findings

The authors have carried out a detailed literature review to identify the different levels where the privacy is a big challenging task. This paper provides insights whether information privacy concern may obstruct in the successful dispersal and adoption of different applications in various application domains. Consumers’ attitude towards information privacy concerns have enlightened and addressed at individual levels in numerous domains. Privacy concerns at the individual level, as suggested by our analysis, seem to have been sufficiently addressed or addressed. However, information privacy concerns at other levels – group, organizational and societal levels – need the attention of researchers.

Originality/value

In this paper, the authors have posited that it will help the researchers to more focus at group level privacy perspective in the information privacy era.
Global evolutionary epidemiology and resistome dynamics of Citrobacter species, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella variicola, and Proteeae clones
Authors: Osei Sekyere John , Reta Melese Abate
Published: January 2021

Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter hormaechei subsp., Klebsiella variicola and Proteae tribe members are rarely isolated Enterobacterales increasingly implicated in nosocomial infections. Herein, we show that these species contain multiple genes encoding resistance to important antibiotics and are widely and globally distributed, being isolated from human, animal, plant, and environmental sources in 67 countries. Certain clones and clades of these species were internationally disseminated, serving as reservoirs and mediums for the global dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. As they can easily transmit these genes to more pathogenic species, additional molecular surveillance studies should be undertaken to identify and contain these antibiotic‐resistant species.
Latent fingerprint development by using silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate—A comparative study
Authors: Prasad Vandana , Prasad Lalit , Lukose Sally , Agarwal Prashant
Published: January 2021

The beginning of latent fingerprint development on porous surface was first achieved by silver nitrate (AgNO3) method. But the significantly increasing cost has caused forensic experts to look for an alternative means. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) is the main component in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, namely silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Owing to its unique property to adhere with fingerprint residue, AgNPs have attracted a great attention in the domain of nano‐forensic fingerprinting. This study mainly focuses on the use of lower concentration of silver nitrate through new AgNP development method. The AgNPs were synthesized by wet chemical method with different molar concentrations (0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M) of silver nitrate, characterized by ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM). The average diameter of AgNPs calculated by HR‐TEM was 10.66 ± 1.22 nm at 0.1 M, 12.50 ± 2.64 nm at 0.01 M, and 14.44 ± 2.68 nm at 0.001 M, respectively. A comparative analysis was also carried out to see the quality and stability of fingerprints produced on paper or porous substrate by using AgNO3 and AgNPs, respectively. During the study, AgNPs were able to develop distinct ridge details and were found to be stable for more than a month. Comparatively, when AgNO3 was used as the developing agent for the latent fingerprints, only faint ridge patterns were observed which further showed degradation of fingerprint stability within about 20 days. Overall, the current AgNP method showed good visibility and stability by using lower concentration of silver nitrate which can be used in place of conventional AgNO3 method.
Automatic assessment of fingermarks quality: Exploration of the possible application in the context of detection and comparison with human examiners
Authors: Bonnaz Bérénice , De Donno Marco , Anthonioz Alexandre , Bécue Andy
Published: January 2021

In forensic science, particularly in the context of latent fingermarks detection, forensic scientists are often faced with the need to assess the quality of the detected fingermarks to quantitatively interpret their results and express conclusions. Today this process is mainly carried out by human examiners referring to guidelines or provided quality scales. The largest the set of fingermarks (e.g., hundreds, thousands), the longest and the most labor‐intensive this task becomes. Moreover, it is difficult to guarantee a fully objective process since the subjectivity of each individual is almost impossible to avoid, especially with regards to the interpretation of the quality scale levels or when facing fingermarks detected in an inhomogeneous manner. In this paper, the possibility of automatizing the quality assessment step is explored. The choice has been made to consider the use of quality assessment algorithms currently applied in an identification context. 150 natural fingermarks from ten donors were deposited on three different supports. These marks were detected using 1,2‐indanedione/zinc or cyanoacrylate fumigation depending on the support. Then, their quality was assessed by five examiners, according to the UNIL scale, and by seven algorithms (i.e., Lights Out, Latent Fingerprint Image Quality 1 and 2, Latent Quality Metric, Expected Score Likelihood Ratio, NIST Fingerprint Image Quality, MINDTCT). Spearman and Pearson correlations were calculated, and the distribution of scores for each algorithm was charted (using boxplots) against the results provided by the human examiners. The most promising results were obtained with the LQM algorithm, more specifically with the fingermark clarity metric.
Effect of communal dining and dining room enhancement interventions on nutritional, clinical and functional outcomes of patients in acute and sub‐acute hospital, rehabilitation and aged‐care settings: A systematic review
Authors: McLaren‐Hedwards Taya , D'cunha Kelly , Elder‐Robinson Elaina , Smith Claire , Jennings Cindy , Marsh Abigail , Young Adrienne
Published: January 2021

Aims

This review aimed to synthesise evidence on the impact of communal dining and/or dining room enhancement interventions on nutritional, clinical and functional outcomes of patients in hospital (acute or subacute), rehabilitation and residential aged‐care facility settings.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched in March 2020. Included studies considered the impact of communal dining and/or dining room enhancements on outcomes related to malnutrition in hospital (acute or subacute), rehabilitation and residential aged care facility settings. Risk of bias was assessed using the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics quality checklist. Overall quality was assessed using GRADEpro software. Outcome data were combined narratively for communal dining and dining room enhancements respectively.

Results

Eighteen articles from 17 unique studies were identified. Of these studies, one was a randomised control trial (moderate quality) and 16 were observational studies (all low quality). Communal dining interventions (four studies, n = 490) were associated with greater energy and protein intake and higher measures of quality of life than non‐communal mealtime settings. Dining room enhancement interventions (14 studies, n = 912), overall, contributed to increased intake of food, energy, protein and fluid.

Conclusions

Results indicate that communal dining and/or dining room enhancement has a positive impact on several outcomes of interest, however, most available evidence is of low quality. Therefore, there is a need for further large‐scale, well‐designed experimental studies to assess the potential impacts of these interventions.
Hydrocarbon Enrichment and Main Controlling Factors in Offshore Rift Basins of China: A Case Study in the Beibuwan Basin
Authors: ZHANG Gongcheng , WU Aijun , LI Hongyi , QU Hongjun , LI Youchuan , XIAO Lingli , ZHANG Zhenyu , SHEN Jiao
Published: January 2021

Beibuwan Basin is an important offshore oil and gas bearing basin of China. However, the distribution of oil and gas in different sags is uneven, and the rule of hydrocarbon accumulation and main controlling factors have not been clearly understood in this basin. Based on abundant seismic, well and analytical data, the differences and main controlling of tectonic evolution, sedimentary filling and source rock quality in sags are analyzed, and combined with the study of geothermal filed, the main controlling factors of differential hydrocarbon generation in sags of the Beibuwan Basin are clarified. On the basis of the research above, the hydrocarbon enrichment of the basin is clarified through the systematic analysis of reservoir‐caprock assemblage and accumulation characteristics of different structural units. The results show that there are four NE‐trending sag zones in the basin, and under the influence of fault activity, the scale of sags is regularly distributed. The scale of rifts in different sag zones decreases gradually from northwest to southeast and the scale of rifts in the middle of a single sag zone is normally larger than that at two ends. Under the control of the sag‐controlling faults activity, paleoproductivity and organic matter preservation conditions, the quality of source rocks in sags of the Beibuwan Basin decreases from northwest to southeast. The hydrocarbon‐rich sags in the Beibuwan Basin were formed under the control of source rocks and geothermal field, and the distribution of large‐medium scale fields is controlled by the favorable structural traps in the rift strata of inner gentle slope zone. The understanding of the hydrocarbon enrichment and main controlling factors in the Beibuwan Basin also provides a significant guidance for the oil and gas exploration in other rift basins.
Characteristics of the Density and Magnetic Susceptibility of Rocks in Northern Borneo and their Constraints on the Lithologic Identification of the Mesozoic Rocks in the Southern South China Sea
Authors: TANG Huafeng , ZHAO Zhigang , TIAN Zhiwen , LU Baoliang , TANG Wu , HE Kailun , ZHU Chenxi , WANG Pujun
Published: January 2021

Based on the volume magnetic susceptibility and specific gravity measurements and mineral and lithologic identification results for 540 samples, the rock type, density, and magnetic susceptibility of rocks from northern Borneo were analyzed, and the applicability of gravity and magnetic data to the lithologic identification of the Mesozoic strata in the southern South China Sea was assessed accordingly. The results show that there are 3 types and 25 subtypes of rocks in northern Borneo, mainly intermediate‐mafic igneous rocks and exogenous clastic sedimentary rocks, with small amounts of endogenous sedimentary rocks, felsic igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks. The rocks that are very strongly–strongly magnetic and have high–medium densities are mostly igneous rocks, tuffaceous sandstones, and their metamorphic equivalents. The rocks that are weakly magnetic‐non‐magnetic and have medium–very low densities are mostly conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and coal. The rocks that are weakly magnetic‐diamagnetic and have high‐medium densities are mostly limestones and siliceous rocks. The Cenozoic rocks are characterized by low densities and medium susceptibilities; the Mesozoic rocks are characterized by medium densities and medium–high susceptibilities; and the pre‐Mesozoic rocks are characterized by high densities and low magnetism. Based on these results and the distribution characteristics of the various rock types, it was found that the pre‐Mesozoic rocks produce weak regional gravity anomalies; the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks produce negative regional gravity anomalies; whereas the Mesozoic igneous rocks produce positive regional gravity anomalies; and the Cenozoic igneous rocks produce positive regional gravity anomalies. The regional high magnetic anomalies in the southern part of the South China Sea originate from the Mesozoic mafic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents; and the regional medium magnetic anomalies may be produced by the felsic igneous rocks and their metamorphic equivalents. Accordingly, the identification of the Mesozoic lithology in the southern South China Sea shows that the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks are distributed over a large area of the southern South China Sea. Thus, it is concluded that the Mesozoic strata in this area have the potential for oil and gas exploration.
Differences in the Tectonic Evolution of Basins in the Central‐Southern South China Sea and their Hydrocarbon Accumulation Conditions
Authors: TANG Wu , ZHAO Zhigang , SONG Shuang , WANG Yibo , XIE Xiaojun , LIU Shixiang
Published: January 2021

To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the central‐southern South China Sea, we used gravity‐magnetic, seismic, drilling, and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins. During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto‐South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea, the continental margin basins in the central‐southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins: southern extensional‐foreland basins, western extensional‐strike slip basins, and central extensional‐drift basins. Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories, they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources. During the Cenozoic, the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages: faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene, inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene, and subsidence since the late Miocene. Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine–continental transitional facies dominated by II–III kerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep‐water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage. With well‐developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential. During the Cenozoic, the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously. Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies, marine‐continental transitional facies, and terrigenous marine facies dominated by II2–III kerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage. As a reservoir comprised of self‐generated and self‐stored sandstone, this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential. Throughout those same three developmental stages, the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated by III kerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage. This reservoir, which is dominated by lower‐generation and upper‐storage carbonate rocks, also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.
Development of the Miocene Guangle Carbonate Platform in the South China Sea: Architecture and Controlling Factors
Authors: YANG Zhen , LI Xuelin , HUANG Lei , WANG Liaoliang , WU Shiguo , ZHANG Xinyuan
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the evolution of the Miocene Guangle carbonate platform (or Triton Horst) of the northwestern South China Sea margin. The platform is located at a junction area surrounded by Yinggehai basin, Qiongdongnan basin and Zhongjiannan basin. Well and regional geophysical data allow the identification of the morphologic and stratigraphic patterns. The Guangle carbonate platform was initiated on a tectonic uplift during the Early Miocene. The early platform was limited at Mesozoic granitic basement, pre‐Paleogene sediments localized tectonic uplift and was small extension at the beginning stage. While during the Middle Miocene, the carbonate buildup flourished, and grow a thrived and thick carbonate succession overlining the whole Guangle Uplift. The isolated platforms then united afterward and covered an extensive area of several tens of thousands of square kilometers. However, it terminated in the Late Miocene. What are the control factors on the initiation, growth and demise of the Guangle carbonate platform? The onset of widespread carbonate deposits largely reflected the Early Miocene transgression linked with early post‐rift subsidence and the opening of the South China Sea. Stressed carbonate growth conditions on the Guangle carbonate platform probably resulted from increased inorganic nutrient input derived from the adjacent uplifted mainland, possibly enhanced by deteriorated climatic conditions promoting platform drowning. Therefore, tectonics and terrigenous input could be two main controlling factors on the development of the Guangle carbonate platforms and main evolution stages.
U‐Pb Geochronology and Geochemistry of Stratiform Garnet from the Aqishan Pb‐Zn Deposit, Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, NW China: Constraints on Genesis of the Deposit
Authors: WEN Bin , ZHANG Yuanhou , YANG Wanzhi , DU Shangze , WANG Peng , LIU Jinwei , CHEN Lei
Published: January 2021

The Aqishan lead‐zinc deposit, located in the Jueluotag metallogenic belt of eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang, Northwest China, has a stratiform occurrence in the marine volcanic tuff of the Yamansu Formation. The ore body has a typical double‐layer structure, having a stratified, stratoid, lenticular upper part and a veined, stockwork‐like lower part. The occurrence of the upper orebody is consistent with that of the volcanic tuff wall rock. The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena and magnetite, the altered minerals mainly being silicified, such as sericite, chlorite, epidote, garnet. The garnetized skarn, being stratiform and stratoid, is closely related to the upper part of the orebody. Geological observations show that the limestone in the ore‐bearing Yamansu Formation is not marbleized and skarnized. Spatially, it is associated with the ferromanganese deposits in the marine volcanic rocks of the Yamansu Formation. These geological features reflect the likelihood that the Aqishan lead‐zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit. The results from the EPMA show that the garnet is mainly composed of grossular–andradite series, contents being in a range of 34.791–37.8% SiO2, 32.493–34.274% CaO, 8.454–27.275% FeO, 0.012–15.293% Al2O3, 0.351–1.413% MnO, and lower values of 0.013–1.057% TiO2. The content of SiO2vs. CaO and FeO vs. Al2O3has a significant positive correlation. The results of ICP‐MS analysis for the garnet show that the REE pattern is oblique to right in general. The total amount of rare earth elements is relatively low, ΣREE = 71.045–826.52 ppm, which is relatively enriched for LREE and depleted for HREE. LREE/HREE = 8.66–4157.75, LaN/YbN= 23.51–984.34, with obvious positive Eu and Ce anomalies (δEu = 2.27–76.15,δCe = 0.94–1.85). This result is similar to the REE characteristics of ore‐bearing rhyolite volcanic rocks, showing that the garnet was formed in an oxidizing environment and affected by clear hydrothermal activity. The U‐Pb isotopic dating of garnet by fs‐LA‐HR‐ICP‐MS gives an age of 316.3 ± 4.4 Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which is consistent with the formation time of the Yamansu Formation. According to the study of deposit characteristics and geochemical characteristics, this study concludes that the Aqishan lead‐zinc deposit is a hydrothermal exhalation sedimentary deposit, the garnet being caused by hydrothermal exhalative sedimentation.
Do Politically Connected Firms Pay Less Toward Environmental Protection? Firm‐level Evidence from Polluting Industries in China
Authors: Wang Lihong , Kang Shaoqing , Wu Hongjun
Published: January 2021

This study empirically investigates the role of political connections in corporate environmental spending. It employs a sample of listed Chinese firms from polluting industries within the 2010–2013 period. Our empirical results show that having politicians as directors reduces the magnitude of discharge fees. We also find that such reductions are more pronounced in firms with a higher ratio of politically connected directors (i.e., listed Chinese polluting firms that are privately controlled). This negative relationship is robust to various model specifications (e.g., a sample of polluting firms after addressing the sample selection bias and reverse causality without an increase in new investment). Moreover, we observe that the negative relationship between political connections and discharge fees is stronger in listed Chinese polluting firms located in more polluted regions. Meanwhile, a polluting firm's incentive to engage in environmental protection, measured by firm‐level environmental awards (incidents), alleviates (exacerbates) the negative relationship. Finally, the impact of politically connected directors on discharge levies is explicitly driven by having local officials and officials from the home province as directors.
Father Founders: Did Child Gender Affect Voting at the Constitutional Convention?
Authors: Pope Jeremy C. , Schmidt Soren J.
Published: January 2021

How did child gender affect deliberations and voting at the 1787 U.S. Constitutional Convention? Though recent scholarship has found profound and far‐reaching influence of child gender upon the beliefs and behavior of modern parents, there is no reason to believe that this is only an important consideration in the present. Leveraging the natural experiment of child gender, we test whether the gender of a delegate's children influenced his voting. We hypothesize that fathers of sons would favor creating a strong national government because they could more easily envision their sons holding places in the emergent empire (especially younger sons). Using new data on delegates’ children, we find statistically and substantively significant results: having sons indeed predicts delegates’ favoring a stronger, centralized national government (with daughters showing an opposite effect). These differences are sufficiently large to have likely affected the Convention's proceedings and therefore the U.S. Constitution.
Validation of the Persian version of the mental health literacy scale in Iran
Authors: Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza , Sajjadi Homeira , Forouzan Ameneh Setareh , Ahmadi Sina , Ghafari Mansoore , Vameghi Meroe
Published: January 2021

The present study was designed to validate an English version of the mental health literacy scale into Persian, in Iran. Statistical population consisted of all residents of 22 municipal districts of Tehran, Iran, in 2018. Multistage sampling methods were used (sample size = 1026). All participants filled the Mental Health Literacy scale; 12‐item General Health Questionnaire; Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale and a demographic checklist. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the intra‐class correlation coefficient was used for analysing data. All analyses were run with SPSS and AMOS Graphics version 18. Exploratory factor analysis revealed five components (24 items) explaining 21.68%, 20.24%, 8.97%, 6.48% and 5.36% of the variance respectively (totally explained variance = 62.74%). Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable goodness‐of‐fit (CMIN/DF = 3.19, GFI = 0.887, CFI = 0.893, IFI = 0.894, TLI = 0.877, RMSEA = 0.065). The values of Cronbach's alpha showed satisfactory internal consistency. Two clinical correlates of mental health literacy were investigated. The structure of the mental health literacy scale was to some extent different from the one in O'Connor et al. study, but it was consistent with the definition of MHL presented by Jorm et al. This is the first Persian version of the MHL in the general population in Iran and undoubtedly needs to be checked on more studies.
Syn‐rift sediment gravity flow deposition on a Late Jurassic fault‐terraced slope, northern North Sea
Authors: Tillmans Fabian , Gawthorpe Robert L. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Rotevatn Atle
Published: January 2021

Structurally controlled bathymetry in rifts has a significant influence on sediment routing pathways and depositional architecture of sediment gravity flow deposits. In contrast to rift segments characterized by crustal‐scale half‐grabens, the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of deep‐water rift domains characterised by distributed faulting on narrow fault terraces has received little attention. We use 3D broadband seismic data, calibrated by boreholes, from the Lomre and Uer terraces in the northern North Sea rift to investigate Late Jurassic syn‐rift sediment gravity flow systems on fault‐terraced slopes. The sediment gravity flow fairways were sourced from hinterland drainages via basin margin deltaic systems on the Horda Platform to the southeast. The deep‐water sedimentary systems evolve from initial, widespread submarine channelized lobe complexes, through submarine channels, to incised submarine canyons. This progressive confinement of the sediment gravity flow system was concomitant with progressive localization of strain onto the main terrace‐bounding faults. Although the normal fault network on the terraces has local impact on deep‐water sediment transport and the architecture of gravity flow deposits, it is the regional basin margin to rift axis gradient that dominantly controls deep‐water sediment routing. Furthermore, the gravity flow deposits on the Lomre and Uer terraces were predominantly sourced by rift margin deltaic systems, not from erosion of local uplifted footwall crests, emphasising the significance of hinterland catchments in the development of volumetrically significant deep‐water syn‐rift depositional systems.