bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contribuições de um carnaval do interior para a perspectiva da memória historiográfica pós-abolicionista nos séculos XX e XXI
Authors: Da Silva Alberto Bomfim , Farias Edson
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre o que se convencionou chamar de período pós-abolição numa análise derivada dos estudos sobre as associações negras e mestiças da cidade de Vitória da Conquista (Brasil) entre trânsitos políticos e culturais no processo de carnavalização na segunda metade do século XX. A metodologia consistiu em análise da iconografia coligida na pesquisa de doutorado, sobretudo fotografias docarnaval, e análise dos relatos de pessoas cuja formação de memória esteve ligada aos grupos que faziam o carnaval de rua, a partir dos predicados da história oral, articulando postulados de diversas disciplinas no campo das ciências sociais coalescentes à multimodalidade da memória. A pesquisa permite concluir que é possível alterar o uso acadêmico da categoria pós-abolição no campo epistemológico da História, subtraindo seu sentido de periodização, investindo o sentido temático conferido pela inscrição de memória das lutas por liberdade e cidadania de negros e mestiços, fazendo uso deuma nova categoria: a memória historiográfica.
Actividad nematicida de extractos foliares de cuatro especies de Piper contra Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Carmona-Hernández Oscar , Martínez-Hernández María de Jesús , Fernández María  del  Socorro , Molina-Torres Jorge , Ramírez-Chávez Enrique , Barrientos-Salcedo Carolina , Lozada-García José  Armando
Published: February 2022

Las especies del género Piper han mostrado potencial como biocidas naturales en diferentes organismos, lo cual es atribuible a la diversidad de metabolitos  secundarios que sintetizan. Por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto nematicida contra Caenorhabditis elegans de los extractos hidroacohólicos, etanólicos y metanólicos de cuatro especies del género Piper. Los resultados mostraron que el extracto de P. aduncum fue el que presentó mayor actividad con una concentración letal media (CL50) estimada en 0.650 mg mL−1. Se determinaron perﬁles cromatográﬁcos por HPTLC y en GC-EIMS de los extractos de mayor actividad. Los metabolitos identiﬁcados fueron alcaloides, ﬂavonoides, terpenos, esteroles, cumarinas y saponinas. En la GC-EIMS se identiﬁcaron 67 compuestos potenciales en los extractos etanólicos. Se concluye que el extracto etanólico de Piper aduncum presentó mayor actividad nematicida (CL50 de 0.650 mg mL−1) y el de mayor número de compuestos identiﬁcados preliminarmente.
Análisis morfométrico de semilla y desarrollo de plántulas de maguey sacatoro (Agave angustifolia Haw.)
Authors: Hernández-Castro Elías , López-Sandoval Yoccira Yanet , Escobar-Álvarez José Luis , Ramírez-Reynoso Omar , Maldonado-Peralta María de los Ángeles , Valenzuela-Lagarda José Luis
Published: February 2022

Los Agaves son nativos de América y tienen diferentes usos, entre los que destacan la obtención de ﬁbras y elaboración de bebidas alcohólicas; esto ha ocasionado una considerable disminución en las poblaciones silvestres; por lo que, el objetivo fue caracterizar morfológicamente cápsulas y semillas, y evaluar el desarrollo de la plántula de maguey sacatoro (Agave angustifolia Haw.) colectadas en diferentes sitios del centro y norte del estado de Guerrero, México, para su propagación por semilla. Para el análisis morfométrico se empleó un diseño de un solo factor (Localidad) y para las variables de calidad de semilla, un análisis bifactorial (localidad y tiempo de inmersión). Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron a análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05). Se tomaron peso, altura y ancho de las cápsulas y semillas. Se realizó la prueba de germinación estándar y la viabilidad con la prueba del tetrazolio. Posteriormente, se evaluó el desarrollo de plántula; en tres tiempos de inmersión en agua (0, 24 y 48 h) y se realizaron mediciones en raíz, hoja y tallo. Motuapa presentó cápsulas con mayor número de semillas y semillas normales (241 y 140, respectivamente). Las cápsulas de mayor longitud la presentaron Atetetla, Motuapa y los Amates (5.37 ± 0.50, 5.10 ± 0.40 y 4.97 ± 0.36 cm, respectivamente), Ateteta tuvo mayor ancho de cápsula (2.63 ± 0.05 cm), germinación (95%) y viabilidad (89.4%). Por lo que, La producción de plántula de A. sacatoro, mediante el uso de semillas puede ser una alternativa viable.
Actividad bioquímica y molecular de enzimas del estrés oxidativo en plantas de tomate creciendo con plomo
Authors: Pérez-Álvarez Sandra , Héctor-Ardisana Eduardo Fidel , Escobedo-Bonilla Cesar Marcial , Flores-Córdova María Antonia , Sánchez-Chávez Esteban , Urías García Crescencio
Published: February 2022

En suelos agrícolas, el plomo se puede encontrar en concentraciones muy altas debido a la actividad antropogénica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la actividad a nivel bioquímico y molecular de enzimas del estrés oxidativo en plantas de tomate cv. Mariela cultivada con diferentes concentraciones de plomo (0, 50 y 100 mg kg-1 de PbAc2). Para la actividad bioquímica, se seleccionaron las enzimas superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y glutatión reductasa (GR); además, la determinación de la concentración de proteínas se realizó mediante espectrofotometría. La actividad molecular se estudió mediante PCR en tiempo real para tres genes: SOD, isoflavona reductasa (IFR) y proteína tumoral controlada transcripcionalmente (TCTP). En las hojas hubo diferencias significativas en las proteínas donde la concentración fue mayor en el control. El análisis de la GR mostró que en hojas la mayor concentración se logró a 50 mg kg-1 de PbAc2, mientras que en tallos no hubo diferencias entre las concentraciones estudiadas. En hojas y tallos la menor actividad de la SOD fue a 50 y 100 mg kg-1 de PbAc2. La expresión relativa de los tres genes en hojas fue mayor a 50 y 100 mg kg-1 de PbAc2 mientras que en tallos la TCTP mostró la mayor expresión a 100 mg kg-1 de PbAc2, SOD e IFR a 50 mg kg-1 de PbAc2. En este estudio, la actividad de SOD resultó dañada en ambas concentraciones de PbAc2 ensayadas, sugiriendo que el sistema de defensa de este cultivar contra el estrés oxidativo se vio comprometido
Biofortiﬁcación con cobre en el forraje verde de trigo
Authors: Antonio-Medina Anadelia , Gaytán-Alemán Leticia Romana , Nava-Camberos Urbano , Mendoza-Pedroza Sergio Iban , Veliz-Deras Francisco Gerardo , Arellano-Rodríguez Gerardo
Published: February 2022

Por la importancia que tienen los minerales en la nutrición se evaluó la acumulación de cobre (Cu) en el forraje verde hidropónico de trigo (FVH) en diferentes soluciones y modiﬁcaciones en el pH. Se utilizó un arreglo factorial completamente al azar de 3 x 4 x 3 con tres repeticiones. Cada charola representó una unidad experimental, los factores de estudio fueron tres diferentes  soluciones, cuatro tratamientos de cobre y tres niveles de pH; factor A, agua de la llave (ALl), solución nutritiva (SN) (método de Steiner) con agua destilada (AD) y solución nutritiva (SN) con agua de llave (ALl); factor B, productos de Cu (4, 1.3, 0.28 y 25%) y factor C pH (5.0, 6.0 y 7.8). Las variables evaluadas fueron: contenido de cobre y análisis bromatológicos. Los resultados fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza y se realizaron las separaciones de medias mediante la prueba de Tukey (α ± 0.05. Existió una mayor absorción de cobre en la interacción de Agua de llave (ALl) con respecto al fertilizante (F) en concentración de 1.30% Cu-EDTA presentando una concentración de 5.51 ppm, y en las soluciones de agua destilada (AD) con solución nutritiva (SN) y pH 6 mostrando una absorción de 3.94 ppm. El contenido de cobre en el forraje modiﬁco FDA y FDN, estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad en estudios futuros para realizar más ensayos sobre los caracteres bioquímicos relacionados con la digestibilidad del forraje, y en la biofortiﬁcación.
Valorando bienes y servicios ambientales (BSA) del manglar en la ostricultura artesanal: Las Tunas, Cuba
Authors: Betanzos-Vega Abel , Tripp-Quezada Arturo , Macías-Aguilera Esnoldo , Leyva-Segura Adalberto , Arencibia-Carballo Gustavo , Mazón-Suástegui José Manuel
Published: February 2022

En Cuba, la producción de ostión de mangle Crassostrea rhizophorae proviene de la pesca extractiva (75%) y del cultivo artesanal (25%). En la pesca extractiva ocurre descortezado o corte de raíces de mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle) durante la recolecta de ostión. En el cultivo se utilizan troncos y ramas de mangle para las granjas y confección de colectores, lo que daña al ecosistema y reduce la oferta de bienes y servicios ambientales (BSA) que presta el  manglar. Con el objetivo de evaluar mediante un análisis de costo-beneﬁcio la actividad ostrícola en Puerto Padre, Las Tunas, Cuba, y determinar la viabilidad económica y ambiental  de la ostricultura artesanal, se aplicaron estrategias productivas con enfoque ecosistémico incluyendo un valor ecológico representativo del beneﬁcio bruto de las funciones del manglar. El cultivo artesanal realizado es una alternativa de producción económica y ambientalmente viable, con mayor rendimiento promedio en carne de ostión (6.4%), versus rendimiento en  carne de la pesca extractiva (5.8%). La inclusión, en el análisis de costo-beneﬁcio de la actividad ostrícola, del costo por daños y beneﬁcios al manglar, indica la necesidad de incluir la valoración de BSA en los mecanismos tradicionales de evaluación económica.
Time to Rethink Dementia Care in the Acute Care Hospital: What are the Palliative Care Needs of this Population?
Authors: Bianchi-de-Aguiar Filipa , Pedroso Ana Carolina , Baleiras Mafalda , Reis-Pina Paulo
Published: February 2022

N/a.
Retrato da Saúde em Portugal: “Health at a Glance 2021”
Authors: Lourenço Alexandre
Published: February 2022

N/a.
Skin Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection in the Practice of Dermatologist
Authors: Senchukova S. R. , Krinitsyna Yu. M. , Mikhailova D. A.
Published: February 2022

In early 2020, the World Health Organization announced the emergence of the disease-a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). High contagiousness and asymptomatic transmission of the virus led to a rapid spread of infection and reached the scale of a pandemic. It was found that the SARSCoV-2 virus is pathogenic to the lower respiratory tract. At the same time, there are extrapulmonary manifestations, including skin rashes, which are characterized by an extreme variety. Some authors describe skin lesions as the first, and sometimes the only, symptom of a new coronavirus infection. Thus, skin manifestations should be carefully evaluated by dermatologists during the examination, especially during the ongoing pandemic.

This article presents 6 clinical cases with various skin manifestations in the acute period of COVID-19 infection. The first patients to complain were dermatologists. Rashes on the skin are characterized by a variety and prevalence: polymorphic vasculitis, livedo-angiitis, urticary, spot-papular, papu lo-vesicular, papulo-squamous elements. All cases are united by the presence of the main symptoms of coronavirus infection characteristic of the acute period — hyperthermia, headache, fatigue, myalgia, partial or complete anosmia, ageusia.

Thus, the exchange of clinical experience of skin manifestations in COVID-19 infection is extremely relevant during the ongoing pandemic. The analysis of the accumulated data will provide an understanding of the diagnostic significance and the ability to assess the prognosis when observing such patients.
Galaxy Formation, Evolution and Rotation as a 4D Relativistic Cloud-World Embedded in a 4D Conformal Bulk
Authors: Al-Fadhli Mohammed
Published: February 2022

The recent observation of the G2 gas cloud orbit around the galactic centre has challenged the model of a mere supermassive black hole that should have destroyed it. In addition, the Planck Legacy 2018 (PL18) release has preferred a positively curved early Universe with a confidence level exceeding 99%. In this study, the formation of a galaxy from the collapse of a supermassive gas cloud in the early Universe is modelled based on interaction field equations as a 4D relativistic cloud-world that flows and spins through a 4D conformal bulk of a primordial positive curvature considering the preference of the PL18 release. Owing to the curved background, this scenario of galaxy formation reveals that the core of the galaxy undergoes a forced vortex formation with a central event horizon leading to opposite vortices (traversable wormholes) that are spatially shrinking through evolving in the conformal time. It indicates that the galaxy and its core are formed at the same process where the surrounding gas clouds form the spiral arms due to the frame-dragging induced by the fast-rotating core. Accordingly, the G2 gas cloud that only faced the drag effects could be explained if its orbit is around one of the traversable wormholes but at a distance from the central event horizon. Further, the simulation of the cloud-world flow through a positively curved early bulk demonstrates the fast orbital speed of outer stars owing to external fields exerted on galaxies as they have travelled through conformally curved spacetimes. These findings could explain the fast orbital speed of outer stars while the formation of a galaxy and its core simultaneously could explain the formation of the supermassive compact galaxy cores with a mass of ~109 M⊙ at just 6% of the current Universe age.
Deep Learning Applied to Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection
Authors: Cortes-Ferre Luis , Gutiérrez-Naranjo Miguel Angel , Egea-Guerrero Juan José , Pérez-Sánchez Soledad , Balcerzyk Marcin
Published: February 2022

Intracranial hemorrhage is a serious medical problem that requires rapid and often intensive medical care. Identifying the location and type of any hemorrhage present is a critical step in the treatment of the patient. Diagnosis requires an urgent procedure, and the detection of hemorrhage is a difficult and time-consuming process for human experts. In this paper, we propose methods based on EfficientDet’s deep-learning technology that can be applied to the diagnosis of hemorrhages and thus become a decision-support system. Our proposal is two-fold. On the one hand, the proposed technique classifies slices of computed tomography scans for the presence hemorrhage or its lack, achieving 92.7% accuracy and 0.978 ROC-AUC. On the other hand, our methodology provides visual explanations of the classification chosen using the Grad-CAM methodology.
Variable Anterior Segment Dysgenesis And Cardiac Anomalies Caused By A Novel Truncating Variant Of FOXC1
Authors: Ahmed Mariya R , Sethna Saumil , Yang Michael B , Hufnagel Robert B
Published: February 2022

Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) encompasses a wide spectrum of developmental abnormalities of the anterior ocular segment, including congenital cataract, iris hypoplasia, aniridia, iridocorneal synechiae, as well as Peters, Axenfeld, and Rieger anomalies. Here, we report a large five-generation Caucasian family exhibiting atypical syndromic ASD segregating with a novel truncating variant of FOXC1. The family history is consistent with highly variable autosomal dominant symptoms including isolated glaucoma, iris hypoplasia, aniridia, cataract, hypothyroidism, congenital heart anomalies, and cystic kidney disease. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel variant [c.313_314insA; p.(Tyr105*)] in FOXC1 that disrupts the alpha-helical region of the DNA-binding forkhead box domain. In vitro studies using a heterologous cell system revealed aberrant cytoplasmic localization of FOXC1 harboring the Tyr105* variant, likely precluding downstream transcription function. Meta-analysis of the literature highlighted the intrafamilial variability related to FOXC1 truncating alleles. This study highlights the clinical variability in ASD and signifies the importance of combining both clinical and molecular analysis approaches to establish a complete diagnosis.
Smartphone-Guided Educational Counseling and Self-Help for Chronic Tinnitus
Authors: Schlee Winfried , Neff Patrick , Simoes Jorge , Langguth Berthold , Schoisswohl Stefan , Steinberger Heidi , Norman Marie , Spiliopoulou Myra , Schobel Johannes , Hannemann Ronny , Pryss Rüdiger
Published: February 2022

Tinnitus is an auditory phantom perception in the ears or head in the absence of a corresponding external stimulus. There is currently no effective treatment available that reliably reduces tinnitus. Educative counseling is a treatment approach that aims to educate patients and inform them about possible coping strategies. For this feasability study, we implemented educational material and self-help advice in a smartphone app. Participants used the educational smartphone unsupervised during their daily routine over a period of 4 months. Comparing the tinnitus outcome measures before and after smartphone-guided treatment, we measured changes in the tinnitus-related distress, but not in tinnitus loudness. Improvements on the Tinnitus Severity numeric rating scale reached an effect size of .408, while the improvements on the THI were much smaller with an effect size of .168. Analysis on the user behavior showed that frequent and intensive use of the app is a crucial factor for treatment success: participants that used the app more often and interacted with the app intensively, reported a stronger improvement of the tinnitus. Between study allocation and final assessment, 26 of 52 participants dropped out of the study. Reasons for the dropouts and lessons for future studies are discussed in this paper.
Leveraging Beneficial Off-target Effects Of Live-attenuated Rotavirus Vaccines
Authors: Benedicto-Matambo Prisca , Bines Julie , Malamba-Banda Chikondi , Shawa Isaac Tom , Barnes Kayla , Kamn’gona Arox Wadson , Hungerford Daniel , Jambo Kondwani Charles , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Cunliffe Nigel A. , Flanagan Katie L , Jere Khuzwayo Chidiwa
Published: February 2022

Following the introduction of live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines in many countries, a notable reduction in deaths and hospitalizations associated with diarrhoea in children <5 years of age has been reported. There is growing evidence to suggest that live-attenuated vaccines also provide protection against other infections beyond the vaccine-targeted pathogens. These so called off-target effects of vaccination have been associated with the tuberculosis vaccine Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), measles, oral polio and recently salmonella vaccines, and are thought to be mediated by modified innate and possibly adaptive immunity. Indeed, rotavirus vaccines have been reported to provide greater than expected reductions in acute gastroenteritis caused by other enteropathogens, that have mostly been attributed to herd protection and prior underestimation of rotavirus disease. Whether rotavirus vaccines also alter the immune system to reduce non targeted gastrointestinal infections has not been studied directly. Here we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying off-target effects of vaccines and propose a mechanism by which the live-attenuated neonatal rotavirus vaccine, RV3-BB, could promote protection beyond the targeted pathogen. Finally, we consider how vaccine developers may leverage these properties to improve health outcomes in children, particularly those in low-income countries where disease burden and mortality is disproportionately high relative to developed countries.
Countermeasures Against COVID-19 from the Viewpoints of Dental Diseases: Strengthening Innate Immunity with the Toothpick Method of Brushing
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuo ,   Office HAT Inc. ORIC 321, 5303 Haga, Kita-ku, Okayama, Okayama 701-1221, Japan
Published: January 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with periodontal disease have an 8.8-fold higher mortality rate than those in the patients without periodontal diseases. This was higher than the odds ratio for patients with diabetes. Periodontal disease is associated with ulcers in the periodontal pocket, and gram-negative bacteria called periodontal pathogens invade the tissue through ulcers. Bacteria in the ulcer site are phagocytosed and sterilized by leukocytes. Following the autolysis of leukocytes, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the bacterial cell wall spread throughout the body, which is a major cause of multiple organ failure. Thus, periodontal disease is considered to contribute to the mortality rate of COVID-19. Ulcers in the periodontal pocket can be repaired using by a new developed brushing method called the toothpick method. The toothpick method can significantly improve gingival bleeding in one week, which is quicker than conventional periodontal treatment methods. Mechanical stimulation by the toothbrush causes gingival basal cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts to proliferate and repair the tissue. However, these cell proliferations cease to occur 0.5 mm away from where the toothbrush bristles make contact with the gingiva. The toothpick method of brushing is characterized by its ability to stimulate the interdental gingiva, which is the initial site of periodontitis. As the toothpick method can repair periodontal ulcers, it will strengthen biological defense mechanisms against chronic degenerative and infectious diseases.
Developing an Assessment Framework of the Recovery Calendar for COVID-19 Calamity: Based on the Data from the June 2021 Survey
Authors: Ohtomo Shoji , Kimura Reo ,   College of Interhuman Symbiotic Studies, Kanto Gakuin University  1-50-1 Mutsuura-higashi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8503, Japan,   School of Human and Environment, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global threat. It is considered a CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive) disaster that has caused not only a public health crisis but also psychological, social, and economic problems. The recovery of social and economic activities remains an urgent issue. This study developed an assessment framework of the “recovery calendar” to visualize the process of people’s recognition of recovery from the COVID-19 calamity. Data on this recovery calendar were collected from an online questionnaire survey administered on a total of 449 respondents from 10 groups divided by gender (male or female) and age (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s, 60s, and above). The results showed that the recovery process took place in the following order: recognition of COVID-19’s impact on society and of the imposition of a constrained lifestyle, recognition of returning to work or the resumption of local schools, and finally, recognition of the recovery of the household and local economies, although these remained at a low level of activity. Importantly, the recovery progressed slowly. The results also indicated that measures such as the declaration or lifting of the state of emergency, or the “Go To” travel campaign, affected people’s recognition of recovery. Moreover, the recognition of recovery depended on social demographics. Men, younger people, and those with a stable life base were more likely to perceive recovery from the disaster. This study discussed the applicability of the assessment framework of the recovery calendar to visualize people’s recovery process from the COVID-19 calamity.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Coronoid Process Fracture
Authors: Noorzad Ali S. , Jelani Zohal , Rinaldi Joseph , Abdie Rachab , Zikria Bashir A.
Published: February 2022

Case:

A 68-year-old woman sustained an isolated type III left coronoid fracture after mechanical ground-level fall. The patient underwent left elbow arthroscopy with minimally invasive arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation of the coronoid fracture using Arthrex Mini TightRope. The patient achieved successful elbow stabilization with a postoperative Mayo Elbow Score of 100.

Conclusion:

We present a case report of a novel technique in coronoid fracture management with stable fixation, minimal soft-tissue violation, and restoration of highly functional elbow range of motion. Minimal soft-tissue violation with use of arthroscopy and suture button was the key element in successful surgical treatment and outcome.
Ipsilateral Displaced Physeal Fractures of the Proximal and Distal Humerus with Subperiosteal Extrusion in a 6-Year-Old Child
Authors: Kaushal Aditya , Vermani Sanya , Kaushal Jessica , Kaushal Lalit
Published: February 2022

Case:

We present a case of a 6-year-old male child with ipsilateral proximal and distal physeal separation of humerus with subperiosteal extrusion after manipulation by a bonesetter. Treatment included open reduction and internal fixation with Kirschner wire proximally and distally. At 1.5-year follow-up, the child had a shortening of 0.5 cm, no pain, and/or no instability.

Conclusion:

Manipulation by bonesetters, a commonplace in developing countries, can produce unpredictable complications and compromise outcomes. Although accepted in certain settings, the regional orthopaedic surgeons should be mindful of the unique clinical challenges imposed by such a practice.
Three-Year Outcomes After MACI for Glenoid Cartilage Loss in an Adolescent Athlete
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Vasquez Brian J. , Workman William , Haus Brian M.
Published: February 2022

Case:

We report the 3-year outcomes of a 14-year-old boy who anteriorly dislocated his shoulder playing football and suffered a 9-cm2 chondral defect of the anterior glenoid and subsequently treated with matrix-applied characterized autologous chondrocytes (MACI) of the defect with open labral repair.

Conclusion:

The management of glenohumeral chondral lesions in adolescent patients remains a challenge. Our case of the successful treatment of a glenoid chondral defect with MACI offers hope as a potential treatment option for adolescent patients with this challenging problem.
Erosion of Common Femoral Artery 3 Years After Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient with Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Kammien Alexander , Radford Zachary , Aboian Edouard , Kostiuk Valentyna , Gibson David
Published: February 2022

Case:

A patient with congenital hip dysplasia and Marfan syndrome presented 3 years after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with acute ischemia of the left lower extremity secondary to popliteal artery embolism. Intravenous ultrasound revealed common femoral artery (CFA) dilation with an intraluminal thrombus. Open repair showed prosthetic erosion through the CFA despite proper implant positioning and lack of hardware failure.

Conclusion:

This is a rare complication of THA in a patient with impaired vascular integrity secondary to a connective tissue disorder. Similar patients may be at a higher risk for unusual vascular complications, and diagnosis may require atypical imaging modalities.
Staged Percutaneous Treatment of a Complete Lisfranc Dislocation Secondary to Charcot Arthropathy
Authors: Klag Elizabeth A. , Fisk Felicity E. , Maier Lindsay M. , Zeni Ferras
Published: February 2022

Case:

A 36-year-old woman with diabetic neuropathy presented with complete dorsal dislocation of the midfoot secondary to Charcot arthropathy. She was treated in a staged fashion with a Taylor spatial butt frame to distract and reduce the midfoot followed by percutaneous preparation of the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints and fixator-assisted fusion. The arthrodesis healed successfully with maintenance of function at the 30-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

Staged treatment with a Taylor spatial frame can be used successfully to treat complete TMT dislocations in the setting of Charcot arthropathy. Complications are not uncommon and must be addressed appropriately.
Mental Health and Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Connell Silvia G.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) tend to do very well; however, there is still a percentage of the population who will remain dissatisfied despite a successful surgery. Orthopaedic surgeons do not currently recommend mental health evaluations or support as standard of care when discussing TKA. The objective was to determine the role of orthopaedic surgeons and mental health referrals or recommendations.

Methods:

A quantitative retrospective study was performed on TKA patients in 2019 by 2 high-volume joint surgeons. A survey was sent through e-mail asking demographic questions and questions specific to coping skills and feelings of pain, fear, anger, or anxiety, which is referred to as mental health in this study. The response rate was 41% with n = 110 participants. Descriptive statistics was used to show the data trends.

Results:

Most of the people reported that seeing a counselor or therapist would not have been helpful with TKA recovery, with many feeling that they did not need support in this area. Women reported more difficulty with coping skills and were more responsive to seeing a counselor or therapist if recommended by their surgeon. Eighty-three percent of the 60- to 79-year-olds felt that orthopaedic surgeons should make referrals or provide resources for mental health support.

Conclusion:

The results show that more evidence is needed to determine the role of which orthopaedic surgeons play when it comes to mental health recommendations and referrals.
Orthopaedic Specialty Hospitals Compared with General Hospitals
Authors: Leider Morgan , Campbell Richard , Boyce Jonathan , Tjoumakaris Fotios
Published: February 2022

Background:

Theoretically, orthopaedic specialty hospitals (OSHs) offer multiple advantages compared with general hospitals; however, their overall benefit is debated. This review aims to compare patient characteristics and outcomes between OSHs and general hospitals in the United States.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed by querying PubMed and Embase from inception to April 2020 for articles comparing patient characteristics and clinical and economic outcomes between OSHs and general hospitals. Two researchers reviewed the articles according to prespecified criteria.

Results:

The literature review yielded 3,715 articles, of which 19 were included. All articles were retrospective in nature. There were conflicting results with regard to preferential patient selection and profitability. OSHs generate a greater surgical volume, while decreasing operative time and length of stay, compared with general hospitals. Adverse outcomes have been reported to be less common at OSHs; however, this benefit is not supported by recent matched-cohort studies. Only 1 study evaluated patient satisfaction, and this study demonstrated improved satisfaction with OSHs.

Conclusions:

The literature with regard to OSHs is limited by low-quality studies, often yielding inconsistent results. OSHs appear to offer some benefits; however, it is unclear if improved outcomes are due to better patient care or preferential patient selection.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment Following First-Time Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: van Spanning Sanne H. , Verweij Lukas P.E. , Priester-Vink Simone , van Deurzen Derek F.P. , van den Bekerom Michel P.J.
Published: February 2022

Background:

There is an ongoing debate about whether to perform operative or nonoperative treatment following a first-time anterior dislocation or wait for recurrence before operating. The aim of this systematic review is to compare recurrence rates following operative treatment following first-time anterior dislocation (OTFD) with recurrence rates following (1) nonoperative treatment (NTFD) or (2) operative treatment after recurrent anterior dislocation (OTRD).

Methods:

A literature search was conducted by searching PubMed (Legacy), Embase/Ovid, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews/Wiley, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials/Wiley, and Web of Science/Clarivate Analytics from 1990 to April 15, 2020, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The revised tool to assess risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB 2) developed by Cochrane was used to determine bias in randomized controlled trials, and the methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) was used to determine the methodological quality of non-randomized studies. The certainty of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach using GRADEpro software.

Results:

Of the 4,096 studies for which the titles were screened, 9 comparing OTFD and NTFD in a total of 533 patients and 6 comparing OTFD and OTRD in a total of 961 patients were included. There is high-quality evidence that OTFD is associated with a lower rate of recurrence (10%) at >10 years of follow-up compared with NTFD (55%) (p < 0.0001). There is very low-quality evidence that patients receiving OTFD had a lower recurrence rate (11%) compared with those receiving OTRD (17%) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

There is high-quality evidence showing a lower recurrence rate at >10 years following OTFD compared with NTFD (or sham surgery) in young patients. There is evidence that OTFD is more effective than OTRD, but that evidence is of very low quality.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Stable Structures of the 2003 Chuya Earthquake Aftershocks
Authors: Emanov A.F. , Emanov A.A. , Fateev A.V.
Published: February 2022

—The 2003 Chuya earthquake aftershocks are studied using the data obtained during experiments with dense networks of stations. Density maps of the foci of more than 50,000 aftershocks are compared with the day surface faults and the block structure and tectonics of the focal area. The large shearing strain caused by the Chuya earthquake is accompanied by a spatially intermittent aftershock structure stretching along it. The density maps of long-lasted aftershocks differ in structure from the maps of seismic activity in the initial aftershock area. The study has revealed a relationship between the block structure of the epicentral area and the structure of the aftershock process. The nodes of the intersection of faults with the aftershock area are characterized by reduced aftershock activity. The aftershock process is only partly confined to the block-separating faults. In many cases, the aftershock process is shifted relative to these faults or wanders from them.
Merlin Parental Behavior and Chick Development as Revealed by Webcam
Authors: Oliphant Lynn W. , Warkentin Ian G. , Kozij Kelly , Schmidt Adam P.
Published: February 2022

Previous knowledge of the Merlin’s (Falco columbarius) nesting behavior was based on observation from the ground or data recorded during nest checks. Similarly, descriptions of chicks’ behavioral development were restricted to studies of captive birds. We used a webcam to observe adult Prairie Merlins (F. c. richardsonii) and their four young on an artificial nest platform located in Weyburn, Saskatchewan, from 25 April to 22 July 2020. Our observations extended from prior to egg-laying until 12 days after fledging, being most intensive after hatching. Activities revealed by the webcam largely confirmed previous ground-based observations and studies involving either nest visits or captive rearing. Eggs were laid at roughly 2-day intervals followed by a 30-day incubation period and a 31-day nestling period. The female dominated activity at the nest until the chicks achieved homeothermy (7–10 days after hatching); the male was seldom seen except when delivering prey to the female. The female stopped brooding chicks during the night after day 14 and during daylight on day 16. The male began bringing food directly to the chicks starting 17 days after hatching. The chicks’ development matched published reports with constant competition for food among chicks but also apparent efforts by the adult female to ensure that each chick received sufficient food. The webcam enabled us to gather more detailed information about the Merlin’s behavior at the nest than previously possible and provided an opportunity for citizen science involving a common but little studied falcon.
Le Leadership Humanitaire Local au Burkina Faso : Passer de belles paroles aux actes
Authors: de Biolley Magali
Published: February 2022

Ce rapport s’intéresse d’abord aux causes et défis qui permettent d’expliquer la marginalisation des acteurs locaux en faisant notamment remonter leurs perceptions. Une deuxième partie met en valeur les bonnes pratiques existantes et proposer des actions concrètes pour renforcer la place des acteurs locaux et éventuellement le leadership humanitaire local (LHL) dans la réponse au Burkina Faso. Cette étude permet la proposition de pistes pour une réponse dirigée par les acteurs humanitaires locaux et qui soit plus adaptée aux besoins, plus rapide, plus durable, plus appropriée, et qui réponde enfin au changement de réalité imposé par l’augmentation des violences, tout en maintenant les populations au centre de la réponse. This report looks at the marginalization faced by local actors in the humanitarian response in Burkina Faso. It examines the causes and challenges of their experience, in particular by foregrounding their perceptions. The report highlights existing good practice and proposes specific actions to strengthen the role of local actors and potentially local humanitarian leadership in the response. The study suggests ways of developing a response led by local humanitarian actors that better meets needs and is faster, more sustainable, more relevant and, finally, more responsive to the changing reality dictated by increased violence, while keeping people at the centre.
Mathematical Modelling of Multi-Region Spread of Epidemic
Authors: Sahni Dinesh Chandra , Tureci Recep Gokhan
Published: February 2022

SAIR model of growth of an epidemic is extended to a system of many interacting regions. Interactions are described by exchange of populations between various regions. Differences caused by the exchange of susceptible population, in addition to infected individuals are noted. It is shown that initial phase of the epidemic is governed by a linear system. Analysis of linear system shows that a fundamental mode gets established that governs the spatial profile of the spread of the disease.
Topological protection of partially coherent light
Authors: Perez-Leija Armando , Tschernig Konrad , Martinez-Niconoff Gabriel , Busch Kurt , Bandres Miguel
Published: February 2022

Topological physics exploits concepts from geometry and topology to implement systems capable of guiding waves in an unprecedented fash- ion. These ideas have led to the development of photonic topological insulators, which are optical systems whose eigenspectral topology allows the creation of light states that propagate along the edge of the system without any coupling into the bulk or backscattering even in the presence disorder. Indeed, topological protection is a fully coherent effect, and it is not clear to what extent topological effects endure when the wavefronts become partially coherent. Here, we study the interplay of topological protection and the degree of spatial coherence of classical light propa- gating in disordered photonic topological insulators. Our results reveal the existence of a well-defined spectral window in which partially coher- ent light is topologically protected. This opens up the design space to a wider selection of light sources, possibly yielding smaller, cheaper and more robust devices based on the topological transport of light.
Social Support, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Complete Mediation of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Luo Jie , Li Yaqin , Zhou Yao , Wang Wei
Published: February 2022

Background: Social support and self-efficacy are important factors to improve negative emotions such as depression and anxiety in patients with prostate cancer after surgery, however, little is known about the relationship between them. The objective of the study was to comprehensively explore the relationship between social support, self-efficacy, and anxiety and depression.Method: A cross-sectional design and a convenience sampling method were used to recruit patients with prostate cancer from a comprehensive hospital in Zhejiang Province. Structured scales were used for data collection, including the Social Support Rating Scale, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, the hospital anxiety and depression scale.Results: The result showed that anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with self-efficacy (r = -0. 434, P < 0. 01) and social support (r = -0. 212, P < 0. 01), while self-efficacy and social support were positively correlated (r = 0. 356, P < 0. 01).A structural equation model showed that the effect value of social support on self-efficacy was (β= 0.386, p < 0.01) and the effect value of self-efficacy on negative emotions was (β= -0.497, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy fully mediated the effect between social support and negative emotions with a 100% mediation rate.Conclusion: Social support and self-efficacy did contribute to the improvement of depression and anxiety in patients with radical prostatectomy, and they were associated with a full mediating effect of self-efficacy. Providing social support that matches the coping needs of the stressor can maximize the role of social support. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the patient's stressor and coping needs in advance, which will help us to provide matching social support, so as to alleviate patients' bad emotions more effectively and improve their prognosis.
Evaluation of the Scale up of Remote Monitoring in Rheumatology Outpatients Across Three NHS Trusts in South East London, UK: Study Protocol
Authors: Sheldon Helen , Boiko Olga , Martin Melanie , Demetriou Len , Watson Kathryn , Smith Emily Jane , Arumalla Nikita , Sevdalis Nick , Walker Andrew , Garrood Toby
Published: February 2022

Background
Modern treat-to-target approaches to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve frequent monitoring of disease activity with the goal of disease remission or a low disease activity. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease (RAID) is a multidimensional, validated patient-reported outcome measure that covers seven domains, which has been found to discriminate between active and non-active disease. Applying smartphone apps to monitoring of RA is described as an innovation which has been implemented in the UK and USA. The proposed study will evaluate the feasibility of scaled implementation of a remote monitoring service based on RAID for eligible patients with RA at three NHS organisations (trusts) in south east London, UK.
Methods
Pragmatic formative service evaluation study informed by implementation theory and incorporating the perspectives of RA service users throughout. The study will follow a multi-method approach. Rapid evidence review will be carried out to identify implementation approaches used in similar services. Quantitative data will be collected from a cross-sectional sample of service users through a web-based questionnaire assessing patient satisfaction, as well as service-level data routinely collected by trusts and from the remote monitoring system and documentation produced in developing and implementing the remote monitoring service. Qualitative data will be collected from approximately 30 clinical and non-clinical staff and 20-30 patients purposively sampled to conduct semi-structured interviews to explore their perspectives on remote monitoring in RA. The evaluation will be supported by established implementation frameworks, including EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment) and COM-B (Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour), which will be used to guide data generation and to inform the framework analysis of qualitative data.
Discussion
This pragmatic study will enhance the understanding of implementation process and outcomes and will explore the potential to scale up the remote monitoring system in RA. A larger scale hybrid study can be designed based on the dataset the current study will produce to offer definitive clinical and implementation evaluation.
Polycaprolactone Blended Cellulose Acetate Thin Film Composite Membrane for Dairy Waste Treatment Using Forward Osmosis
Authors: CHANDRAN AKASH M , Tayal Ekta , Mural Prasanna Kumar S
Published: February 2022

In recent years new sustainable technology for wastewater treatment has emerged, and among them, Forward osmosis (FO) has gained importance. FO utilizes osmotic pressure difference across the semipermeable membrane as the driving force to concentrate the wastewater. Further, the surface and physical properties of the semipermeable FO membrane play a crucial role during the FO process to reduce the internal concentration polarization. In general, FO membranes are prepared using cellulose acetate (CA) polymer due to their high hydrophilic nature. However, CA membranes are mechanically unstable for the FO process. Hence, to increase the mechanical strength and flexibility of CA, other polymers are blended along with it. In this present study, we have prepared a Phase-Inversion membrane using CA blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers. Further, to increase the hydrophilicity of the membrane, a thin film composite (TFC) layer of polyamide is coated using interfacial polymerization. To increase the antifouling properties of the membrane, Graphene oxide (GO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are incorporated inside the TFC matrix. The prepared NPs and membrane were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXD), and contact angle. Further, the GO-CuO incorporated TFC coating has improved the hydrophilicity and antifouling properties of the membrane. It was observed that the water flux has increased up to 5 LMH, and reverse solute flux has reduced to 4 GMH. Further, the membrane was utilized to concentrate in situ prepared dairy waste. It was observed that after 60 mins of the FO process, the concentration of dairy waste has increased to 23%, with a concentration factor of 0.903. Thus, prepared TFC phase inversion membrane is potential for dairy wastewater treatment.
Rotamer-Free Protein Sequence Design Based on Deep Learning and Self-Consistency
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Zhang Lu , Wang Weilun , Zhu Min , Wang Chenchen , Li Fudong , Zhang Jiahai , Li Houqiang , Chen Quan , Liu Haiyan
Published: February 2022

We present ABACUS-R, a method based on deep learning for designing amino acid sequences that autonomously fold into a given target backbone. This method predicts the sidechain type of a central residue from its 3-D local environment by using an encoder-decoder network trained with a multi-task learning strategy. The environmental features encoded by the network include the types but not the conformations of the sidechains of surrounding residues. This eliminates the needs for reconstructing and optimizing sidechain structures, and drastically simplifies the sequence design process. Thus iteratively applying the encoder-decoder to different central residues is able to produce self-consistent overall sequences for a target backbone. Extensive results of wet experiments, including five structures solved by X-ray crystallography, show that ABACUS-R outperforms state-of-the-art energy function-based de novo sequence design methods by significant margins in success rate and design precision. ABACUS-R constitutes a robust tool for wide applications in protein design and protein engineering.