bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
META-ANALISIS PENGARUH MODEL-MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERFIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI FISIKA
Authors: Zurhaimi Tri Zeni Adha , Mufit Fatni
Published: April 2023

Dalam dunia pendidikan sekarang, siswa dituntut untuk berfikir kritis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan proses pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis siswa, salah satunya dalam memilih model pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran yang dipilih tersebut tentunya memiliki kelebiahan dan kekurangan masing-masing.  Maka dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis atau membanding beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan terkait model pembelajaran yang paling berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir kritis siswa. Model dalam penelitian ini ada meta-analisis. Dari hasil analisis nilai effect size tertinggi berdasarkan model pembelajaran yaitu model pembelajaran guided discovery yaitu 1,13 dengan kategori sangat tinggi. Nilai effect size  tertinggi berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan yaitu pada jenjang pendidikan perguruan tinggi 1,19 berada pada kategori sangat tinggi. Dan nilai effect size berdasarkan materi pembelajaran yang digunakan yaitu pada materi fisika lingkungan 1,19 kategori sangat tinggi.
ONLINE LAERNING: PENGGUNAAN GOOGLE CLASSROOM DAN DAMPAKNYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA
Authors: Yanuar Dinda , Mufit Fatni
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan google classroom dan dampaknya dalam pembelajaran fisika, serta mengidentifikasi model yang cocok digunakan pada pembelajaran fisika. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif menggunakan metode literatur review. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penggunaan google classroom berdasarkan tingkatan satuan pendidikan untuk jenjang SMP masih sedikit, jenjang SMA termasuk sedang, dan pada jenjang Universitas temasuk sedikit. Hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran fisika yang menggunakan google classroom termasuk kategori kurang baik. Model pembelajaran yang cocok menggunakan google classroom yaitu model blanded learning. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dampak penggunaan google classroom terhadap kompetensi belajar fisika peserta didik masih rendah.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS MODEL PJBL-STEM TERINTEGRASI KARAKTERISTIK ENTREPRENEUR BERORIENTASI TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Afrijhon Novia Sari , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Maison Maison
Published: April 2023

Tujuan penelitian pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan produk LKPD berbasis model PjBL-STEM terintegasi dengan karakteristik entrepreneur berorientasi terhadap keterampilan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada materi kalor dan perpindahnnya. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis peneltian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Bahan ajar LKPD yang telah dikembangkan kemudian divalidasi oleh tim ahli, dan selanjutnya di ujicobakan pada peserta didik kelas VII di SMP N 12 Kota Jambi. Subjek uji coba penelitian ini adalah guru IPA, uji coba satu-satu dan kelompok kecil. Dari analisis penilaian dua guru didapat persentase 90%  dengan kategori “sangat baik”, untuk melihat kesepakatan kedua guru tersebut juga dilakukan uji kappa denga nilai 0,820 dengan kategori “sangat baik”. Pada uji satu-satu dilakukan kepada tiga orang peserta didik didapat bahwa persentase rata-rata keseluruhan yaitu 83,3% dengan kategori “sangat layak”. Setelah uji coba satu-satu, dilakukan juga uji coba kelompok kecil kepada enam orang peserta didik didapat bahwa persentase rata-rata keseluruhanya yaitu 85%.Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa LKPD yang dikembangkan layak digunakan.
RESPON POTENSIAL MEMBRAN SEL TELUR IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) AKIBAT TERKONTAMINASI TIMBAL (Pb)
Authors: Bobu Fetronela Rambu
Published: April 2023

Sel telur ikan nila memberikan respon yang berbeda-beda ketika diberikan variasi konsentrasi bahan pencemar timbal (Pb). Penelitian ini menggunakan mikroelektroda yang dihubungkan ke Picoscope untuk mengukur nilai potensial membran sel telur ikan nila. Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa sel telur ikan nila yang tercemar Pb akan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan potensial membran sel. Konsentrasi Pb yang diberikan terdiri dari enam variasi yaitu 0 0,02ppm ; 0,03ppm; 0,05ppm; 0,1 ppm ; 0,5ppm; dan 1ppm. Telur ikan nila yang terpapar Pb dengan konsentrasi tertinggi 1ppm menyebabkan sel mengalami penurunan potensial membran yang signifikan yaitu -7,77 mV. Pada titik ini, sel telur ikan nila mengalami penurunan potensial membran hingga mengalami kematian sel.
EFIKASI DIRI SISWA MELALUI LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK BERBASIS TINJAUAN EMPIRIS TEORETIS
Authors: Rosdiana Silvi Rosiva , Wulandari Siska Ayu , Susanti Indri , Aisyurrahman Dimas Fahmi , Setiawan Anhar
Published: April 2023

Pemikiran yang sama atau pemberian solusi yang sama persis ketika dinyatakan oleh beberapa siswa pada pertanyaan terbuka atau yang bersifat High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) mengindikasikan kurangnya kepercayaan diri (self-efficacy) pada mereka. Hal tersebut melatarbelakangi tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengukur self-efficacy melalui Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKPD) berbasis tinjauan empiris dan teoretis pada materi fluida statis. Penelitian ini berjenis quasi-experiment karena menggunakan pre-post-test group design. Pengambilan sampel yang akan dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel yang diambil adalah siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di salah satu Kabupaten Lamongan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa LKPD berbasis tinjauan empiris teoretis yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan self-efficacy siswa. Peningkatan self-efficacy teramati dari nilai rata-rata pada saat pre-test 62,68% menjadi 71,95% pada saat post-test. Hasil nilai tersebut tergolong dalam peningkatan yang baik menurut skala Likert. Pengukuran self-efficacy diukur melalui enam indikator yang berbeda (konten sains, kemampuan pemecahan masalah, kemampuan laboratory usage, penerapan dalam keseharian, komunikasi sains, dan literasi ilmiah). Indikator literasi ilmiah memperoleh nilai rata-rata terendah yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya minat siswa dalam mempelajari suatu konsep. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan tentang analisis hubungan minat siswa dengan self-efficacy siswa.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS VIDEO UNTUK PESERTA DIDIK MAUPUN PENDIDIK TINGKAT SMA SEDERAJAT DAN DIBAWAH
Authors: Haryadi Rudi , Kinanti Sekar Nurfitta
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai keterkaitan pengembangan bahan ajar menggunakan video pembelajaran dengan hasil belajar suatu mata pelajaran peserta didik tingkat SMA/SMK sederajat dan dibawahnya, dengan demikian tujuan artikel ini dibuat adalah agar pembaca mengetahui manfaat penggunaan video dalam pembelajaran seperti efektifitas video dari segi pembuatan dan pemaparan, tingkat minat peserta didik, hasil belajarnya, motivasinya serta pemikiran kritisnya. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis beberapa jurnal terkait topik pengembangan bahan ajar berbasis video pembelajaran melalui situs Google Scholar, kemudian menarik inti dari setiap jurnal seperti metode penelitian, hasil penelitian beserta kesimpulannya. Dari jurnal-jurnal tersebut, didapatkan kesimpulan hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa (1) penggunaan video pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik, (2) peserta didik menjadi aktif bertanya dan mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis video pembelajaran dan yang telah disediakan, (3) video pembelajaran yang unik dapat bisa dibuat secara mudah oleh pendidik di segala umur dengan menggunakan aplikasi komputer, (4) Penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis video dikategorikan layak untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
Penanaman Nilai-nilai Karakter Religius Melalui Kegiatan Keagamaan
Authors: Mudzkir Mohammad
Published: April 2023

Konteks kehidupan modern, juga harus memiliki landasan karakter yang berkualitas yang dapat menjadi ciri khas pribadi yang melekat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Budaya keagamaan sebagai satu uapaya dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik sangatlah penting untuk secara terus-menerus dilakukan mengingat saat ini persoalan pembentukan karkater merupakan persoalan yang sangat serius untuk segera diatasi.Karakter dalam kajian etimologi diartikan sebagai watak, tabi’at, pembawaan, dan kebiasaan.Dalam bahasa inggris disebut character artinya sifat.Dengan demikian maka karakter dapat diartikan tabi’at, budi pekerti, kebiasaan, dan sifat. Karakter merupakan perilaku manusia yang berhubungan dengan Tuhan, diri sendiri, sesama manusia, lingkungan, dan kebangsaan, yang terwujud dalam pikiran, sikap, perasaan, perkataan dan perbuatan berdasarkan norma-norma agama, hukum, tata krama, budaya dan adat istiadat. Karakter dibangun berlandaskan penghayatan terhadap nilai-nilai tertentu yang dianggap baik.
CHARACTER EDUCATION OF THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
Authors: Tabroni Imam , Purnama Sari Rini , Apendi Rahmat , Kurnia Adam Deden
Published: April 2023

The history of Islamic civilization has contributed a lot to Islamic values which are very influential, especially in social science and education which if an education is not accompanied by good character, then an education is not perfect. Therefore, Islam has provided a role model in the form of Aklhalkul karimah that we can emulate and make the form of implementation of an education and educational process. We find many books with character matching as the main capital of education, even the Al-Qur’an explains a lot about the character and personality of Rasulullah SAW. Thus, with the power of the Al-Qur’an itself, it becomes a symbol that character is indeed a tool, media and model that can be used in interacting, socializing, organizing and leading the community or family. Character is a process or never ending process as long as humans live in a social environment (Thomas lickona), character is also one of the most important communication tools in the social and social world, social itself has the meaning of life that is in contact with groups or community interactions. 'Indonesian Dictionary'', Looking at the history of Islamic civilization, we can find all the characters in the Al-Qur’an from the role models of the Prophet's companions during his leadership. The history of Islamic civilization during the time of Abu Bakr Assiddiq has made a number of great achievements of the Muslims because there are also many characters that can be taken from the leadership of this khlifatul Rasullulah Saw, from the character of discipline, firmness, honesty, courage, tenacity, patience, discipline, toleranc , loving, responsible.
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR ISLAMIC EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN IMPROVING DISCIPLINE CHARACTER
Authors: Rosidi Ahmad , Juan Firda
Published: April 2023

Discipline is obedience to respect and implement a system that requires people to comply with decisions, orders, and regulations that apply. Islam teaches us to pay attention to and use disciplinary values in everyday life to build better community life. This study aims to determine the discipline techniques and strategies of SD Al-Furqon Jember students. The high level of student discipline is due to the high motivation of teachers towards students about the importance of discipline. In addition, sanctions against students who do not comply with the rules are also a motivating factor for students always to instill discipline. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method and collects data using the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The study results showed that (1) the disciplinary techniques of SD A-Furqon students were excellent, and they had to continue to improve the discipline of students (2) the strategy of SD AL-Furqon teachers in improving student learning discipline used a Personal Approach, Group Approach such as advising if it is too late in the prayer congregation, and Character and Moral Guidance.
Community structure of macroinvertebrates in protected and exploited areas of Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Bantayan Jay Mark , Lomoljo-Bantayan Nezel Ann , Villegas Jhonnel
Published: April 2023

Macroinvertebrates are vital in coastal marine environments, which function as ecologically (e.g., food chain) and socio-economically (e.g., income generation for coastal gleaners). Different anthropogenic activities, including unregulated gleaning, pose potential threats to the assemblages of macroinvertebrates. However, studies related to assessing and comparing the community structures of macroinvertebrates in protected and exploited areas are poorly documented in the Philippines. Hence, this study aims to provide valuable information to formulate proper fisheries management, including the protection and conservation of macroinvertebrates and their supporting habitats. Fishery-independent and fishery-dependent surveys were conducted in three coastal barangays of Baganga, Davao Oriental, Philippines: one protected (control site) in Ban-ao and two exploited (gleaning grounds) in San Victor and Kinablangan to determine macroinvertebrate community structure and document local gleaning activities. Seventeen (17) macroinvertebrates were recorded, comprising nine (9) mollusks, three (3) crustaceans, and five (5) echinoderms. Four species (4) were abundant in the study sites: Dardanus sp., Monetaria annulus, Thalamita crenata, and Trochus maculatus. The community structure of macroinvertebrates in both exploited areas was influenced by gleaning of the coastal residents, resulting in lower species richness, density, and diversity compared to the protected area where collection was highly restricted. There is a need to ensure the sustainability of gleaning in these areas by providing protection on the existing macroinvertebrates in the area through a formulation of local subsistence fisheries management.
Improving Grade 7 students' news writing skills using worksheets assessed through online interviews
Authors: Morales Paulo
Published: April 2023

This paper aimed to improve the news writing skills of grade 7 SPJ students by using the News Writing Worksheet as an instrument to correctly write the lead and the transition paragraphs of news story. The paper opted for a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test—post-test design. Data gathered were analyzed using paired samples t-test. Analysis of the data using paired-sample t-test indicates that there is a significant increase of post-test scores of 50 SPJ students. This indicates that the use of News Writing Worksheet is effective in improving the scores of SPJ students in writing the lead and transition paragraphs of a news story. This positive outcome was affirmed by the results of the of the interview of ten (10) participants who validated the use of the instrument. Results from the thematic analysis, showed that the News Writing Worksheet facilitated the acquiring of imaginative, self-directed, and informed comprehension by the SPJ students. In addition, it was revealed that pupils utilized technology to overcome problems encountered while completing the worksheet. These results were consistent with previous similar research.
Digital Public Relations Program Management to Improving Customer Service Quality
Authors: Vani Safli Dhea , Susilo Anindita , Ridaryanthi Melly
Published: April 2023

Digital public relations are a new concept adopted in state corporate management. With form Customer Service Implementation Units (UP3), there is a numbers staff team that manages corporate media social accounts with different expertise backgrounds. Hence, it is important to establish engagement standards for digital public relations for improving high-quality service outreach to consumers. This study aimed to identify the digital public relations program of electricity state corporate with a case study on a branch unit in Banten. There were four informants selected through the purposive sampling method, and data were analyzed based on the following steps: data reduction, data display, and data verification. The results indicate the unit branch performs five (5) stages; problem analysis, plotting planning action, communication action, and evaluation. All stages are implemented in digital public relations for developing engagement strategies on dialog forums with a core focus on crisis mitigation and education campaign. Incorporating analysis tools such as SOAR or SWOT in digital public relations management evaluation programs could provide holistic improvement.

Keyword :
Digital Public Relations, Social Media, Communication, Customers Service
Identidad de las mujeres casadas: el uso del “de” en sus apellidos en Colombia
Authors: Deere Carmen Diana , León Magdalena
Published: April 2023

It is not well known that women’s use of the preposition “de” [belonging to] before their husbands’ last names was one of the socio-cultural changes associated with the Republican period in Colombia. Primary data shows that during the colonial period women kept their paternal and maternal last names after marriage. This article offers a historical overview of the norms and social practices regarding married women’s last names and an analysis of their relation to the changing identity of married women. Secondary sources illustrate how, by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, using the particle “de” became generalized in concert with the ideological construction of the wife as “queen of the home.” The change in 1934 from the addition of “de” as a customary right to that of a legal obligation drew hardly any comment. However, it served to reinforce the legal concept of potestad marital [the husband’s power over the person and property of his wife] at a time when a liberal government had just strengthened married women’s property rights. In 1970, the use of the particle “de” became optional and by the end of the 20th century, this practice was disappearing. The transition in this usage is explored through interviews with a small, intentional sample of urban, middle- and upper-class women. This transition captures, in a manner paralleling socio-economic structural transformations, the historical changes in married women’s identity from one based on their domesticity and maternal role, to that of a partner in a relationship in which she no longer belongs to anyone.
La lucha feminista de Juana Julia Guzmán
Authors: Patiño Niño Diana Milena
Published: April 2023

The article has a double purpose. The first is to sketch the Colombian and Afro-indigenous leader Juana Julia Guzmán, by circulating some excerpts from the interviews held with her by the Fundación del Caribe team in the archives of the Centro de Documentación Regional Orlando Fals Borda in Montería. This sketch could be considered, in certain aspects, divergent from the one outlined by sociologist Orlando Fals Borda in the fourth volume of his Historia doble de la costa. This forms the basis for the second objective of this article: to explore a feature of Guzmán’s feminism, namely, acuerpamiento or support. The methodology used is strategically plural, close to the multiple ones used in cultural studies. In effect, on the one hand, based on archival work, we will reproduce those parts of Guzmán’s words that contribute to create an image of the actions and some characteristics of her political trajectory, somewhat contradictory and unknown to the general public. To this end, we will also approach the discussions of the researcher Víctor Negrete in his book Origen de las luchas agrarias en Córdoba. On the other hand, and making use of a perspective that we have called mestizo philosophy, we use the tools of hermeneutics to creatively analyze Guzmán’s actions, together with the notion of agreement that finds its origin in the actions of the feminist Lorena Cabnal. Besides providing other coordinates based on which to think about Guzmán’s feminism, different from those of popular feminism that other people have pointed out in her, we hope that this exercise will also reveal the complexity of this leader, whose political actions were not inevitable, nor were they the product of the deprivation into which she was born and raised, but were determined by situations and decisions, such as supporting the political actions of others different from her.
Tejer alianzas frente y junto al Estado peruano del posconflicto: coalición prorreparaciones de las organizaciones de víctimas ayacuchanas
Authors: Alayza Mujica María Rosa , Silva Caillaux Gianfranco
Published: April 2023

Twenty years after the delivery of the final report of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2003), we should pay attention to the trajectories of political agency of the leaders of Ayacucho victims’ organizations, precisely the area where the greatest violence and human rights violations were unleashed. This is especially true when there is no consensus on what happened and when the fujimorismo actors are still present —and highly visible— in the political debate, while the victims and their associations lack the same media attention and political links. In this article, we analyze the changes in the political agency of the leaders of these Ayacucho organizations in post-conflict Peru and their impact on their relationship with the State. To this end, we adopted a qualitative methodology based on fieldwork in Ayacucho and interviews with key actors. We found that such associations have gone through a generational change, have gained certain organizational capacities (with internal variations according to trajectories and experiences in political advocacy), and have learned to weave a pro-reparations coalition with various actors —NGO, churches, international cooperation, some state agencies at multiple levels of government, and officials— to promote reparations and memory policies. In this advocacy, they have developed new ways of relating to the State without the intermediation of NGO: no longer seeing it as distant and reluctant to collaborate, but accepting it as an instance of joint work, lobbying, and even assuming bureaucratic positions to promote their agenda, without this implying an end to mistrust.
Microstructural Stability and Properties of New Nickel‐Base Superalloys with Varying Aluminium: Niobium Ratio
Authors: Wise George J. , Miller James R. , Church Nicole L. , Mignanelli Paul M. , Hardy Mark C. , Jones Nicholas G. , Stone Howard J.
Published: April 2023

New nickel‐base superalloys with higher temperature capability are required for future, more efficient gas turbine engines. In designing such alloys, careful consideration is required of the elemental concentrations to ensure a suitable balance of properties is obtained. Herein, the phase equilibria and microstructural stability of new nickel‐base superalloys with varying Al:Nb ratio are assessed via long‐term thermal exposures at 700 °C. The alloys are analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Vickers hardness testing, with the results rationalized through mechanical property predictions based on strong‐ and weak‐pair dislocation coupling mechanisms. The alloys are shown to have greater thermal stability than Inconel 718 and exhibit a pronounced hardening effect after thermal exposure. Herein, their ability for controlled age hardening and potential ease of processing is highlighted in the results.
Optimal Aluminum Doping Method in PEALD for Designing Outstandingly Stable InAlZnO TFT
Authors: Woo Namgyu , Cho Seong‐In , Park Sang‐Hee Ko
Published: April 2023

Oxide semiconductors are promising semiconducting materials for next‐generation thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The role of the cations should be considered in the design of oxide semiconductors suitable for various applications. Ga has been widely used as a carrier suppressor in oxide semiconductors; however, research has recently been conducted to replace it with Al, which is cheaper and forms a stronger bond with O. Deposition using plasma‐enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) is very useful for controlling the composition of the cations in an oxide semiconductor. In this study, an InAlZnO (IAZO) semiconductor was deposited using super‐cycle PEALD for the first time. Al2O3 (AO), AlZnO (AZO), and InAlO (IAO) as Al doping layers in IAZO are evaluated. Considering its electrical characteristics and stability, AZO is selected as the optimal Al doping layer. The IAZO thin film and TFT characteristics according to the Al doping method are examined through the role of the cations and H concentration. In addition, the Al concentration is controlled by adjusting the number of cycles in super‐cycle PEALD. As the Al concentration decreased, the mobility increased; however, the stability degraded significantly, which is induced by the increase in oxygen vacancies. Finally, the high‐Al IAZO system using AZO successfully showed overall excellent properties including mobility over 10 cm2 V−1 s, and outstanding stability under 0.1 V, which are greatly improved compared to previously reported IAZO TFTs.
Examining injury trends in parcel delivery drivers in the United States: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Iacobucci Evan , McDonald Noreen C. , Naumann Rebecca B. , Kucera Kristen L.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Growth of e‐commerce has caused a vast increase in parcel delivery, which raises concern for safety of drivers and other road users as more deliveries take place.

Methods

This project analyzes injury/illness and fatality trends among workers with delivery‐related NAICS codes using three major sources of occupational hazard data in the United States: the Survey of Occupational Illnesses and Injuries, the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, and the Industrial Tracking Application. Descriptive statistics were employed to illustrate trends over time as well as to highlight opportunities for improved data collection and dissemination.

Results

The number of injuries to drivers has risen sharply over the past decade. Some of this increase appears due to growth of this industry, but increasing overall rates suggest the industry is becoming more hazardous. While nonfatal injuries were typically caused by continuous workplace exposures (e.g., repetitive strain, contact with object/equipment), fatalities were almost exclusively caused by transportation incidents. Additionally, crucial aspects of these trends are difficult or impossible to analyze given the current data landscape.

Conclusions

Observed trends reinforce earlier calls for additional scrutiny of working conditions that threaten drivers. Injuries caused by transportation incidents are likely more severe than others and highlight the danger the transportation system poses to drivers and others. Current data collection and dissemination processes offer room to improve in terms of understanding how to prevent future injuries.
Fe‐Induced Electronic Transfer and Structural Evolution of Lotus Pod‐Like CoNiFePx@P,N‐C Heterostructure for Sustainable Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Zhang Qingqing , Jin Chulong , Huang Hui , Gao Yanfeng
Published: April 2023

Transition metal phosphides with metallic properties are a promising candidate for electrocatalytic water oxidation, and developing highly active and stable metal phosphide‐based oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is still challenging. Herein, we present a facile ion exchange and phosphating processes to transform intestine‐like CoNiPx@P,N‐C into lotus pod‐like CoNiFePx@P,N‐C heterostructure in which numerous P,N‐codoped carbon‐coated CoNiFePx nanoparticles tightly anchors on the 2D carbon matrix. Meanwhile, the as‐prepared CoNiFePx@P,N‐C enables a core‐shell structure, high specific surface area, and hierarchical pore structure, which present abundant heterointerfaces and fully exposed active sites. Notably, the incorporation of Fe can also induce electron transfer in CoNiPx@P,N‐C, thereby promoting the oxygen evolution reaction. Consequently, CoNiFePx@P,N‐C delivers a low overpotential of 278 mV (vs RHE) at a current density of 10 mA cm−1 and inherits excellent long‐term stability with no observable current density decay after 30 h of chronoamperometry test. This work not only highlights heteroatom induction to tune the electronic structure but also provides a facile approach for developing advanced and stable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts with abundant heterointerfaces.
Effects of chitin and chitosan on root growth, biochemical defense response and exudate proteome of Cannabis sativa
Authors: Suwanchaikasem Pipob , Nie Shuai , Idnurm Alexander , Selby‐Pham Jamie , Walker Robert , Boughton Berin A.
Published: April 2023

Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to Cannabis sativa production, requiring safe and effective management procedures to control disease. Chitin and chitosan are natural molecules that elicit plant defense responses. Investigation of their effects on C. sativa will advance understanding of plant responses towards elicitors and provide a potential pathway to enhance plant resistance against diseases. Plants were grown in the in vitro Root‐TRAPR system and treated with colloidal chitin and chitosan. Plant morphology was monitored, then plant tissues and exudates were collected for enzymatic activity assays, phytohormone quantification, qPCR analysis and proteomics profiling. Chitosan treatments showed increased total chitinase activity and expression of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes by 3–5 times in the root tissues. In the exudates, total peroxidase and chitinase activities and levels of defense proteins such as PR protein 1 and endochitinase 2 were increased. Shoot development was unaffected, but root development was inhibited after chitosan exposure. In contrast, chitin treatments had no significant impact on any defense parameters, including enzymatic activities, hormone quantities, gene expression levels and root secreted proteins. These results indicate that colloidal chitosan, significantly enhancing defense responses in C. sativa root system, could be used as a potential elicitor, particularly in hydroponic scenarios to manage crop diseases.
Whole microbe arrays accurately predict interactions and overall antimicrobial activity of galectin-8 toward distinct strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Wu Shang-Chuen , Jan Hau-Ming , Vallecillo-Zúniga Mary L. , Rathgeber Matthew F. , Stowell Caleb S. , Murdock Kaleb L. , Patel Kashyap R. , Nakahara Hirotomo , Stowell Carter J. , Nahm Moon H. , Arthur Connie M. , Cummings Richard D. , Stowell Sean R.
Published: April 2023

Microbial glycan microarrays (MGMs) populated with purified microbial glycans have been used to define the specificity of host immune factors toward microbes in a high throughput manner. However, a limitation of such arrays is that glycan presentation may not fully recapitulate the natural presentation that exists on microbes. This raises the possibility that interactions observed on the array, while often helpful in predicting actual interactions with intact microbes, may not always accurately ascertain the overall affinity of a host immune factor for a given microbe. Using galectin-8 (Gal-8) as a probe, we compared the specificity and overall affinity observed using a MGM populated with glycans harvested from various strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to an intact microbe microarray (MMA). Our results demonstrate that while similarities in binding specificity between the MGM and MMA are apparent, Gal-8 binding toward the MMA more accurately predicted interactions with strains of S. pneumoniae, including the overall specificity of Gal-8 antimicrobial activity. Taken together, these results not only demonstrate that Gal-8 possesses antimicrobial activity against distinct strains of S. pneumoniae that utilize molecular mimicry, but that microarray platforms populated with intact microbes present an advantageous strategy when exploring host interactions with microbes.
On interval-valued bilevel optimization problems using upper convexificators
Authors: Dempe Stephan , Gadhi Nazih Abderrazzak , Ohda Mohamed
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate a bilevel interval valued optimization problem. Reducing the problem into a one-level nonlinear and nonsmooth program, necessary optimality conditions are developed in terms of upper convexificators. Our approach consists of using an Abadie’s constraint qualification together with an appropriate optimal value reformulation. Later on, using an upper estimate for upper convexificators of the optimal value function, we give a more detailed result in terms of the initial data. The appearing functions are not necessarily Lipschitz continuous, and neither the objective function nor the constraint functions of the lower-level optimization problem are assumed to be convex. There are additional examples highlighting both our results and the limitations of certain past studies.
NEREL-BIO: a dataset of biomedical abstracts annotated with nested named entities
Authors: Loukachevitch Natalia , Manandhar Suresh , Baral Elina , Rozhkov Igor , Braslavski Pavel , Ivanov Vladimir , Batura Tatiana , Tutubalina Elena
Published: April 2023

Motivation

This article describes NEREL-BIO—an annotation scheme and corpus of PubMed abstracts in Russian and smaller number of abstracts in English. NEREL-BIO extends the general domain dataset NEREL by introducing domain-specific entity types. NEREL-BIO annotation scheme covers both general and biomedical domains making it suitable for domain transfer experiments. NEREL-BIO provides annotation for nested named entities as an extension of the scheme employed for NEREL. Nested named entities may cross entity boundaries to connect to shorter entities nested within longer entities, making them harder to detect.

Results

NEREL-BIO contains annotations for 700+ Russian and 100+ English abstracts. All English PubMed annotations have corresponding Russian counterparts. Thus, NEREL-BIO comprises the following specific features: annotation of nested named entities, it can be used as a benchmark for cross-domain (NEREL → NEREL-BIO) and cross-language (English → Russian) transfer. We experiment with both transformer-based sequence models and machine reading comprehension models and report their results.

Availability and implementation

The dataset and annotation guidelines are freely available at https://github.com/nerel-ds/NEREL-BIO.
Environmental and economic evaluation of the high-pressured and cryogenic vessels for hydrogen storage on the sedan
Authors: Ye Linghe , Lu Lin
Published: April 2023

This paper carried out the environmental and economic evaluation for the hydrogen storage technologies on the sedan with Type 3 and Type 4 high-pressured and cryogenic vessels based on life cycle analysis (LCA) method. It is found that Type 4 high-pressured vessel manufacture emits minimum greenhouse gas (GHG) with 5539 kgCO2 eq, which is lower than Type 3 high-pressured vessel of 7219 kgCO2 eq and cryogenic vessel of 135 000 kgCO2 eq in their whole life cycle. The economic analysis shows that Type 4 high-pressure vessel has the lowest cost of 10.4 US$/kgH2 and the minimum energy consumption of 5.2 kWh/kgH2, which is lower than Type 3 high-pressure vessel and cryogenic vessel. With this result, Type 4 high-pressure vessel is a promising choice for hydrogen mobility on the sedan regarding its environmental impact and economic performance.
SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection With Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Children, Ohio, United States
Authors: Wang Huanyu , Wright Tori , Everhart Kathy , Oyeniran Sophonie J , Mejias Asuncion , Leber Amy L
Published: April 2023

Background

Beginning in late 2021, we observed a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in pediatric patients evaluated at our institution. We aimed to characterize the children with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, determine the number of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections, and characterize the intervals between two infections in our patient population.

Methods

From March 2020 to September 2022, we identified children ≤21 years old who had ≥2 SARS-CoV-2 infections using laboratory reports. We then defined the type of SARS-CoV-2 variant in the first and subsequent infections by mutation-specific typing or local epidemiology data. Clinical outcomes and the intervals between SARS-CoV-2 infections were assessed.

Results

We identified 541 children with ≥2 SARS-CoV-2 infections. The median interval between two infections was 229 days. The hospitalization rate was lower in the second infection. Reinfection counts were higher during the periods that Omicron variants predominated. Reinfection occurred more rapidly when Omicron variants were circulating with some occurring in less than 90 days.

Conclusions

As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, there is a need for ongoing surveillance to identify the frequency and time interval between reinfections and to re-evaluate the definition of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.
Who Can Participate, Where, and How? Connections between Language-in-Education and Social Justice in Policies of Refugee Inclusion
Authors: Reddick Celia
Published: April 2023

Amidst growing displacement, global policy is increasingly oriented towards the inclusion of refugees in national education systems in countries of exile. This shift is understood to enable improved education for refugees as well as post-school opportunities but also means that refugee young people must often contend with education in unfamiliar languages. This article engages the definition of social justice as ‘parity of participation’ to examine the relationship between economic, political, and cultural participation and language in refugee education. Analysing 76 semi-structured interviews with Sudanese and South Sudanese refugee heads-of-households living in Uganda, national Ugandan teachers working in schools attended by refugee and national children, and policymakers and program leaders intervening in refugee education, this article considers tensions between education policies premised on English for economic opportunity and the kinds of political, cultural, and economic participation refugees seek in the present and for the future.
Sleep health dimensions and shift work as longitudinal predictors of cognitive performance in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Ell Johanna , Schiel Julian E , Feige Bernd , Riemann Dieter , Nyhuis Casandra C , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Vetter Céline , Rutter Martin K , Kyle Simon D , Spiegelhalder Kai
Published: April 2023

Abstact

Study Objectives

The long-term effects of sleep health and shift work on cognitive performance are unclear. In addition, research has been limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We conducted one of the largest examinations of the longitudinal influence of sleep health dimensions and shift work on cognitive performance in people of middle and old age using data from the UK Biobank. The hypothesis was that poor sleep health and shift work would predict lower cognitive performance.

Methods

Self-reported sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, and shift work status were assessed as predictors at baseline. Cognitive performance was operationalized by a touchscreen test battery at follow-up between 7.4 ± 2.2 and 9.0 ± 0.9 years after baseline assessment, depending on the specific task. Models were performed for each cognitive domain including relevant confounders (e.g. depression). The alpha level was set at p < 0.01 for all analyzes.

Results

The study sample comprised 9394 participants for the reasoning task, 30 072 for the reaction time task, 30 236 for the visual memory task, 2019 for the numeric memory task, and 9476 for the prospective memory task. Shift work without night shifts (β = −2.0 × 10−1 ± 6.5 × 10−2, p = 0.002) and with night shifts (β = −1.9 × 10−1 ± 7.2 × 10−2, p = 0.010) predicted a significantly reduced performance in the reasoning task. Short sleep duration (β = −2.4 × 10−1 ± 7.9 × 10−2, p = 0.003) and shift work without night shifts (β = −3.9 × 10−1 ± 1.2 × 10−1, p = 0.002) predicted a significantly lower performance in the task probing prospective memory.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that, after controlling for confounding variables, shift work, and short sleep duration are important predictors for cognitive performance in people of middle and old age. Further work is required to examine causal mechanisms of the observed associations.
Mutational scans reveal differential evolvability of
Drosophila
promoters and enhancers
Authors: Li Xueying C. , Fuqua Timothy , van Breugel Maria Elize , Crocker Justin
Published: April 2023

Rapid enhancer and slow promoter evolution have been demonstrated through comparative genomics. However, it is not clear how this information is encoded genetically and if this can be used to place evolution in a predictive context. Part of the challenge is that our understanding of the potential for regulatory evolution is biased primarily toward natural variation or limited experimental perturbations. Here, to explore the evolutionary capacity of promoter variation, we surveyed an unbiased mutation library for three promoters in
Drosophila melanogaster
. We found that mutations in promoters had limited to no effect on spatial patterns of gene expression. Compared to developmental enhancers, promoters are more robust to mutations and have more access to mutations that can increase gene expression, suggesting that their low activity might be a result of selection. Consistent with these observations, increasing the promoter activity at the endogenous locus of
shavenbaby
led to increased transcription yet limited phenotypic changes. Taken together, developmental promoters may encode robust transcriptional outputs allowing evolvability through the integration of diverse developmental enhancers.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches to predicting evolutionary biology’.
Large-scale template-based structural modeling of T-cell receptors with known antigen specificity reveals complementarity features
Authors: Shcherbinin Dmitrii S. , Karnaukhov Vadim K. , Zvyagin Ivan V. , Chudakov Dmitriy M. , Shugay Mikhail
Published: April 2023

T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of foreign peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) initiates the adaptive immune response against pathogens. A large number of TCR sequences specific to different antigens are known to date, however, the structural data describing the conformation and contacting residues for TCR:antigen:MHC complexes is relatively limited. In the present study we aim to extend and analyze the set of available structures by performing highly accurate template-based modeling of TCR:antigen:MHC complexes using TCR sequences with known specificity. Using the set of 29 complex templates (including a template with SARS-CoV-2 antigen) and 732 specificity records, we built a database of 1585 model structures carrying substitutions in either TCRα or TCRβ chains with some models representing the result of different mutation pathways for the same final structure. This database allowed us to analyze features of amino acid contacts in TCR:antigen interfaces that govern antigen recognition preferences and interpret these interactions in terms of physicochemical properties of interacting residues. Our results provide a methodology for creating high-quality TCR:antigen:MHC models for antigens of interest that can be utilized to predict TCR specificity.
Cytogeography ofGagea bohemica(Liliaceae) outside the Mediterranean: two ploidy levels, spatial differentiation of cytotypes, and occurrence of mixed-ploidy populations
Authors: Horák David , Trávníček Bohumil , Király Gergely , Détraz-Méroz Jacqueline , Vymyslický Tomáš , Kozoni Marianthi , Harpke Dörte , Hroneš Michal
Published: April 2023

Gagea bohemicas. lat. is a morphologically and karyologically highly variable group with many morphologically similar “narrow” taxa currently considered as a single variable species. It is predominantly distributed in Mediterranean and warmer parts of temperate belt of Europe. The large-scale data on its cytogeography and population cytotype structure which could provide a basis for taxonomy is lacking, only scattered data on ploidy have been published from various parts of its range. In this study, we sampled 106 populations in broader Central Europe, the northeastern Balkan Peninsula and the northwestern Black Sea coast in order to analyse their ploidy level, genome size and pollen stainability. Two cytotypes, i.e., tetraploid (2n = 48) and pentaploid (2n = 60), were found in the study area using chromosome counting and flow cytometry, both in pure and mixed-ploidy populations. Pure pentaploid populations are mainly distributed in Austria, Czechia, northwestern Hungary and Slovakia while tetraploid cytotype in pure and mixed-ploidy populations forming two lineages which are concentrated into two disjunct geographical areas: a western lineage in Germany and Switzerland, and an eastern one in Bulgaria, southeastern Hungary, northern Greece, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. The two lineages differ in their genome size regardless of their ploidy, indicating their independent origin. Analysis of pollen stainability using a modified Alexander stain revealed an unusual pattern with tetraploids having a lower pollen stainability (mean 44.29 %) than pentaploids (mean 70.70 %) but the western and eastern populations differed again from each other.
Model-based differential sequencing analysis
Authors: Busia Akosua , Listgarten Jennifer
Published: April 2023

Characterizing differences in biological sequences between two conditions using high-throughput sequencing data is a prevalent problem wherein we seek to (i) quantify how sequence abundances change between conditions, and (ii) build predictive models to estimate such differences for unobserved sequences. A key shortcoming of current approaches is their extremely limited ability to share information across related but non-identical reads. Consequently, they cannot make effective use of sequencing data, nor can they be directly applied in many settings of interest. We introducemodel-based enrichment(MBE) to overcome this shortcoming. MBE is based on sound theoretical principles, is easy to implement, and can trivially make use of advances in modernday machine learning classification architectures or related innovations. We extensively evaluate MBE empirically, both in simulation and on real data. Overall, we find that our new approach improves accuracy compared to current ways of performing such differential analyses.
Deterministic Genetic Barcoding for Multiplexed Behavioral and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Studies
Authors: Mendana Jorge Blanco , Donovan Margaret , O’Brien Lindsey G. , Auch Benjamin , Garbe John , Gohl Daryl M.
Published: April 2023

Advances in single-cell sequencing technologies have provided novel insights into the dynamics of gene expression throughout development, been used to characterize somatic variation and heterogeneity within tissues, and are currently enabling the construction of transcriptomic cell atlases. However, despite these remarkable advances, linking anatomical information to transcriptomic data and positively identifying the cell types that correspond to gene expression clusters in single-cell sequencing data sets remains a challenge. We describe a straightforward genetic barcoding approach that takes advantage of the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila to allowin vivotagging of defined cell populations. This method, calledTargetedGenetically-EncodedMultiplexing (TaG-EM), involves inserting a DNA barcode just upstream of the polyadenylation site in a Gal4-inducibleUAS-GFPconstruct so that the barcode sequence can be read out during single-cell sequencing, labeling a cell population of interest. By creating many such independently barcoded fly strains, TaG-EM will enable a number of potential applications that will improve the quality and information content of single-cell transcriptomic data including positive identification of cell types in cell atlas projects, identification of multiplet droplets, and barcoding of experimental timepoints, conditions, and replicates. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the barcodes from TaG-EM fly lines can be read out using next-generation sequencing to facilitate population-scale behavioral measurements. Thus, TaG-EM has the potential to enable large-scale behavioral screens in addition to improving the ability to reliably annotate cell atlas data, expanding the scope, and improving the robustness of single-cell transcriptomic experiments.