bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ho4C7, Y4C7: Carbides with C4‐ 3 and C4‐ Ions.
Authors: MATTAUSCH H. , GULDEN T. , KREMER R. K. , HORAKH J. , SIMON A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of Nitrotoluenes to Activated . alpha.,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: LI W.‐S. , THOTTATHIL J. , MURPHY M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanocene‐Catalyzed Reduction of Esters Using Polymethylhydrosiloxane as the Stoichiometric Reductant.
Authors: BARR K. J. , BERK S. C. , BUCHWALD S. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Toxic Aldehydes Formed by Lipid Peroxidation. Part 2. 4‐Hydroxynon‐2‐ enal, a Cytotoxic Lipid Peroxidation Product, and Its C5‐Analogue 4‐ Hydroxypent‐2‐enal: Enantioselective Synthesis and Stereoanalysis.
Authors: BRINGMANN G. , GASSEN M. , LARDY R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Facile Synthesis of Tetraacylbenzenes.
Authors: KOTALI A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Treatment of Conjugated Azoalkenes with N‐Acyl‐N′‐tosylhydrazides. A Useful Entry to Asymmetric Bis‐acylhydrazones.
Authors: ATTANASI O. A. , SANTEUSANIO S. , SERRA‐ZANETTI F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Heterocyclic Amines as Potential Antirheumatoid Arthritis Agents.
Authors: SMITH C. W. , CHAKRABARTI J. K. , WILLIAMSON W. R. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N,N′‐Dialkyl‐9,9′‐biacridylidenes and 9,9′‐Biacridinium Nitrates Containing Long Alkyl Chains.
Authors: PAPADOPOULOS K. , NIKOKAVOURAS J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalation of Diazines. Part 10. First Halogen Migration During Metalation of Pyrimidines, Unusual Halogen‐Lithium Exchange with LTMP. New Synthesis of Leishmaniacides.
Authors: PLE N. , TURCK A. , COUTURE K. , QUEGUINER G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 6‐Aminopyrimidin‐4‐(3H)‐ones Towards Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). Tandem Diels‐Alder/Retro Diels‐Alder ( DA/RDA) Reaction in the Synthesis of 2‐Aminopyridines.
Authors: COBO J. , GARCIA C. , MELGUIZO M. , SANCHEZ A. , NOGUERAS M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Particular Behavior of Arylidenebenzothiazinone Dioxides in (3 + 2) Cycloadditions: Competition Between Dipolarophilic Sites and Evolution of the Cycloadducts.
Authors: FATHI T. , CIAMALA K. , NGUYEN DINH AN NGUYEN DINH AN , VEBREL J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Properties of N,N‐Diethylaminodimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: KROLEVETS A. A. , MARTYNOV B. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Constituents of Domestic Citrus Plants. Part 18. Three New Bicoumarins from Citrus hassaku.
Authors: TAKEMURA Y. , NAKATA T. , JU‐ICHI M. , OKANO M. , FUKAMIYA N. , ITO C. , FURUKAWA H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2′′‐Amino‐2′′‐deoxyarbekacin and Its Analogues Having Potent Activity Against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Authors: KONDO S. , IKEDA Y. , IKEDA D. , TAKEUCHI T. , USUI T. , ISHII M. , KUDO T. , GOMI S. , SHIBAHARA S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pericyclic Reactions in Nature: Evidence for a Spontaneous (1.7)‐ Hydrogen Shift and an 8πe Electrocyclic Ring Closure in the Biosynthesis of Olefinic Hydrocarbons from Marine Brown Algae ( Phaeophyceae).
Authors: POHNERT G. , BOLAND W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Photoaffinity Labels for Tubulin. Synthesis and Evaluation of Diazocyclohexadienone and Azide Analogues of Colchicine, Combretastatin, and 3,4,5‐Trimethoxybiphenyl.
Authors: OLSZEWSKI J. D. , MARSHALLA M. , SABAT M. , SUNDBERG R. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Investigation of New Composed Oxides in Series AINbVUO6.
Authors: CHERNORUKOV N. G. , SULEIMANOV E. V. , EGOROV N. P. , ROMANENKO I. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7 Through Different Gel Routes.
Authors: RAO G. V. R. , NARAYANA D. S. S. , VARADARAJU U. V. , RAO G. V. N. , VENKADESAN S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Plural Asymmetric Centers by a β‐Keto Ester Reductase from Baker′s Yeast.
Authors: KAWAI Y. , HIDA K. , NAKAMURA K. , OHNO A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis of Ene Reactions by Lithium Perchlorate.
Authors: KINART W. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Mixed Anhydrides with Imines: Synthesis of 7‐Halogeno‐ and 7‐Azido‐5‐thia‐1‐azabicyclo(4.2.0)octan‐8‐ones and 7‐Halogeno‐ and 7‐ Azido‐5‐oxa‐1‐azabicyclo(4.2.0)octan‐8‐ones.
Authors: COOKE E. P. , WALSH O. M. , MEEGAN M. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Halogenation of n‐Decene by Action of K2S2O8‐Hlg‐ Systems in Aqueous Acid Medium.
Authors: GUTSULYAK R. B. , NIKITCHENKO V. S. , SERGUCHEV YU. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Arylalk‐2‐enes and 1‐Arylalkanes via Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation with Allylic Alcohols Catalyzed by an Acidic Clay.
Authors: SMITH K. , POLLAUD G. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylation of N,N‐Dimethylhydrazones of 1,3‐Dioxo Compounds.
Authors: ZELENIN A. K. , ERSHOV B. A. , ZELENIN K. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Treatment of Diethyl Calcium and Diethyl Strontium with Alkylthiovinylacetylenes and Their Analogues.
Authors: CHERKASOV L. N. , RADCHENKO S. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Amines with N‐Hydroxy‐, N‐(2,3‐Epoxypropoxy)succinimide and Naphthalimide.
Authors: RANADIVE V. B. , SAMANT S. D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with 2‐Aminoprop‐1‐ene‐1,1,3‐ tricarbonitrile: One‐Pot Synthesis of Thiophenes and Their Condensed Derivatives.
Authors: MOHAREB R. M. , SHERIF S. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Heterocycles Derived from 3‐Acyloxy‐ and 3‐ Acetamidoquinuclidines.
Authors: BESIDSKY Y. , LUTHMAN K. , HACKSELL U.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Bis(trichloromethyl)phosphine Derivatives with Amidophosphites.
Authors: MARCHENKO A. P. , KOIDAN G. N. , BARAM G. O. , CHERNEGA A. N. , PINCHUK A. M. , ROMANENKO E. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organo‐Tin Derivatives of α‐Mercaptoketones (III).
Authors: BURILOV A. R. , CHEREPASHKIN D. V. , PUDOVIK M. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Precursor of Carthamin, a Constituent of Safflower.
Authors: KUMAZAWA T. , SATO S. , KANENARI D. , KUNIMATSU A. , HIROSE R. , MATSUBA S. , OBARA H. , SUZUKI M. , SATO M. , ONODERA J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Terpenes and Terpenoids. Part 18. First Natural α‐ Tocopherol and α‐Tocopheryl Quinone Derivatives with an Oxygenated Side Chain, Isolated from the Soft Coral Sinularia mayi.
Authors: KOBAYASHI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Deblocking of Peptides Containing a NG‐(2,4,6‐ Triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl)arginine Residue.
Authors: KALASHNIKOV V. V. , NIKOLAEVA E. N. , POLYAKOVA I. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Thiophenes and Se and Te Analogues
Authors: PRESS J. B. , RUSSELL R. K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Derivatives
Authors: SUNDBERG R. J. , NGUYEN P. V.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How much peritoneal dialysis does your patient need? Parameters and goals
Authors: Teitelbaum Isaac
Published: August 2010

Peritoneal dialysis adequacy is most commonly assessed by indices of small solute clearance (Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance [Ccr], for example). Once a threshold of small solute clearance has been obtained, however, further increases in small solute clearance do not result in improved long‐term outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. In addition to small solute clearance, there are several other factors that may affect optimal dialysis outcomes. These include, but are not limited to: volume homeostasis, infiammation, malnutrition, and mineral/bone metabolism. This article will briefiy review data regarding the relationships between these various factors and survival on PD.
Crosslinking combined with mass spectrometry for structural proteomics
Authors: Petrotchenko Evgeniy V. , Borchers Christoph H.
Published: August 2010

The method of crosslinking combined with mass spectrometry is being gradually accepted as a technology enabling detailed structural information on proteins and protein complexes. Intrinsic challenges of the method, which have prevented its widespread use, are being progressively addressed by improvements in mass spectrometry instrumentation capabilities, by the development of new crosslinking reagents, and by the development of specialized software tools for processing of mass spectrometric crosslinking data. This review focuses on recent literature concerning the development of specialized crosslinking reagents and approaches for mass spectrometry‐based applications. Critical features of crosslinking reagents for optimum mass spectrometric performance, such as isotopic coding, cleavability, affinity groups, structure of the linkers, and reactive groups, are assessed. Requirements for the design of crosslinking reagents to make them well suited for mass spectrometric detection and analysis are summarized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 29:862–876, 2010
Optical biosensors based on integrated polymer light source and polymer photodiode
Authors: Ramuz Marc , Leuenberger David , Bürgi Lukas
Published: August 2010

Evanescent coupling is used to couple light from an organic Lambertian emitter into a single‐mode planar waveguide. A polymer light emitting diode pumps a photoluminescent layer located directly on top of the waveguide. At the out‐coupling grating stage, a fully organic mini‐spectrometer compatible with monolithical integration on optical bio chips has been developed. It consists of a single‐mode waveguide with integrated diffraction grating and a dense array of polymer photodiodes as sensing element. An overall spectral resolution of down to 5 nm has been achieved with the integrated optoelectronic system. As a proof of principle the fully organic optical device has been used in combination with a fluidic system to demonstrate an absorption‐based bio‐test with mouse immunoglobulin G. In a further step towards low‐cost and disposable lab‐on‐chip biosensors, the mentioned organic building blocks have been combined with a surface plasmon stack integrated directly onto the single mode waveguide. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Cholangioscopic view of IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Yasuda Ichiro , Nakashima Masanori , Moriwaki Hisataka
Published: August 2010

We present here possible characteristic POCS findings of IgG4‐SC, which include proliferation of dilated and tortuous vessels, and relatively smooth and somewhat edematous mucosa without easy oozing.
Chemopreventive Effect of Different Ratios of Fish Oil and Corn Oil in Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sarotra Pooja , Sharma Gayatri , Kansal Shevali , Negi Anjana Kumari , Aggarwal Ritu , Sandhir Rajat , Agnihotri Navneet
Published: August 2010

n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a chemopreventive effect while n‐6 PUFA promote carcinogenesis. The effect of these essential fatty acids may be related to oxidative stress. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the effect of different ratios of fish oil (FO) and corn oil (CO) in the prevention of colon cancer. Male Wistar rats were divided into control, dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) treated, FO + CO (1:1) and FO + CO (2.5:1). All the groups, except the control received a weekly injection of DMH for 4 weeks. The animals were sacrificed either 48 h later (initiation phase) or kept for 16 weeks (post initiation phase). DMH treatment in the initiation phase animals showed mild to moderate inflammation, decreased ROS and TrxR activity, increased antioxidants, apoptosis and ACF multiplicity. The post initiation study showed severe inflammation with hyperplasia, increased ACF multiplicity and ROS levels, a decrease in antioxidants and apoptosis. The FO + CO (1:1) treated animals showed severe inflammation, a decrease in ROS, an increase in antioxidants and apoptosis in the initiation phase. FO + CO (1:1) in the post initiation phase and FO + CO (2.5:1) in the initiation showed mild inflammation, increased ROS, apoptosis and decreased antioxidants. There was a decrease in ACF multiplicity and ROS levels, increased antioxidants and apoptosis in the post initiation phase study. The present study suggests that FO has a dose‐ and time‐dependent chemopreventive effect in colon cancer mediated through oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Balloon sinuplasty: our first year
Authors: Hopkins C , Noon E , Bray D , Roberts D
Published: August 2010

Introduction:

Balloon sinuplasty is a new technology which has only recently been introduced in the UK. We review the current literature, and we present our first year's results for the technique together with a description of indications, outcomes and problems.

Methods:

Retrospective case note review of 27 consecutive patients undergoing sinuplasty alone in the first year in which this procedure was performed. The main outcome measures used were subjective improvement and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score.

Results:

Dilatation was successful in 98 per cent of sinuses in which it was attempted; however, subjective improvement was noted in only 62 per cent of patients thus treated.

Conclusion:

We believe that balloon sinuplasty has a place in routine rhinology practice but that its applications are limited, and that its additional costs must be considered. We present advantages and possible limitations of the technique.
The insecure future of Bulgarian refugial mires: economic progress versus Natura 2000
Authors: Hájek Michal , Hájková Petra , Apostolova Iva , Horsák Michal , Rozbrojová Zuzana , Sopotlieva Desislava , Velev Nikolay
Published: August 2010

Many mires of high conservation value occur in Bulgaria. These mires acted as refugia during the dry phases of ice ages and therefore contain a high number of rare and disjunct species. The mires harbour specific ecotypes and genotypes of plants and animals, and thus provide an opportunity to test biogeographical hypotheses, and they also contain important information about the history of European mires. In this study we ranked all known mire and spring complexes in Bulgaria according to the occurrence of rare and threatened plant and mollusc species. This analysis shows a conspicuous concentration of rare species at several sites, and no correspondence between the importance of individual mires for biodiversity and their legal protection. Of the 10 mire complexes of highest priority only one is effectively protected. The remaining unprotected mires have either been destroyed or are threatened by ongoing development. Having joined the European Union, Bulgaria has built a Natura 2000 network that could provide an opportunity for mire conservation. However, destruction of mire habitats proceeds faster than the approval of Natura 2000 sites. There is thus a possibility that unique Bulgarian mires will be lost before the Natura 2000 system begins to perform its role. Only effective and timely protection of the mire remnants, together with appropriate management, will ensure the future of these unique habitats.
Social world interactions: how company connects to paranoia
Authors: Collip D. , Oorschot M. , Thewissen V. , Van Os J. , Bentall R. , Myin-Germeys I.
Published: August 2010

Background

Experimental studies have indicated that social contact, even when it is neutral, triggers paranoid thinking in people who score high on clinical or subclinical paranoia. We investigated whether contextual variables are predictive of momentary increases in the intensity of paranoid thinking in a sample of participants ranging across a psychometric paranoia continuum.

Method

The sample (n=154) consisted of 30 currently paranoid patients, 34 currently non-paranoid patients, 15 remitted psychotic patients, 38 high-schizotypy participants, and 37 control subjects. Based on their total score on Fenigstein's Paranoia Scale (PS), three groups with different degrees of paranoia were defined. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM), a structured diary technique, was used to assess momentary social context, perceived social threat and paranoia in daily life.

Results

There were differences in the effect of social company on momentary levels of paranoia and perceived social threat across the range of trait paranoia. The low and medium paranoia groups reported higher levels of perceived social threat when they were with less-familiar compared to familiar individuals. The medium paranoia group reported more paranoia in less-familiar company. The high paranoia group reported no difference in the perception of social threat or momentary paranoia between familiar and unfamiliar contacts.

Conclusions

Paranoid thinking is context dependent in individuals with medium or at-risk levels of trait paranoia. Perceived social threat seems to be context dependent in the low paranoia group. However, at high levels of trait paranoia, momentary paranoia and momentary perceived social threat become autonomous and independent of social reality.
Comparing Racial and Immigrant Health Status and Health Care Access in Later Life in Canada and the United States
Authors: Prus Steven G. , Tfaily Rania , Lin Zhiqiu
Published: August 2010

Il y a peu de recherche comparative en existence sur les expériences de la santé et les conditions de groupes minoritaires au Canada et aux États-Unis, malgré le fait que les deux pays ont des populations racialement diverses avec une proportion significative des immigrants. Cet article explore les disparités raciales et immigrantes en santé et soins d’accès entre les deux pays. L’étude portait sur l’âge mûr et la vieillesse, compte tenu du changement et de la diversité croissante dans la politique de santé et les soins de santé, tel que Medicare. L’analyse de régression logistique des données de l’Enquête de la santé Canada/États-Unis 2002–2003 montre que l’effet conjoint de la race et de la nativité de santé – différences en santé entre indigènes blancs et étrangers blancs et non-blancs est en grande partie négligeable au Canada, mais considérable aux États-Unis. Americains indigènes non-blancs et américains nés à l’étranger au sein des groupes d’âge 45-à-64 et 65-et-plus expériencent une désavantage significative dans l’état de santé et aussi de l’accès aux soins, indépendamment de la couverture d’assurance-maladie et des facteurs démographiques, socio-économiques et de la mode de vie.
Hospitalization and deaths for select enteric illnesses and associated sequelae in Canada, 2001–2004
Authors: RUZANTE J. M. , MAJOWICZ S. E. , FAZIL A. , DAVIDSON V. J.
Published: August 2010

This paper describes morbidity and mortality parameters forCampylobacterspp.,Salmonellaspp., enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coli,Listeriaspp., norovirus infections and their primary associated sequelae [Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), haemolytic uraemic syndrome, reactive arthropathies and Reiter's syndrome]. Data from a period of 4 years were obtained from three national databases to estimate percentage of reported cases hospitalized, mean annual hospitalization incidence rate, frequency of hospitalization by age and sex, and number of deaths. The length of hospital stay, discharge disposition, hospitalization age, and number of diagnoses per case were also extracted and summarized. In addition, we estimated that each year in Canada, there are between 126 and 251 cases ofCampylobacter-associated GBS. This study provides morbidity and mortality estimates for the top enteric pathogens in Canada, including their associated sequelae, which can contribute to the quantification of the burden of illness.
Interaction between accretionary thrust faulting and slope sedimentation at the frontal Makran accretionary prism and its implications for hydrocarbon fluid seepage
Authors: Ding Feng , Spiess Volkhard , Fekete Noemi , Murton Bramley , Brüning Markus , Bohrmann Gerhard
Published: August 2010

Using high‐resolution seismic profiles and other geophysical data, collected during R/V Meteor Cruise M74/2, we investigate the distribution patterns of shallow sediments, their structure and deformation processes, and their role in the migration, accumulation and seepage of hydrocarbon‐rich fluids. Here, we show that rapid syn‐kinematic sedimentation at the frontal Makran accretionary prism provides a mechanism by which emerging imbricated thrust packets override the footwall at the seafloor without significant mass‐wasting and destruction of fault‐related anticline in the hanging wall. These anticlines may rise high above the seafloor to form plate‐boundary‐parallel ridges, and distinguish from simple thrust blocks seen at convergent margins elsewhere. With the fast burial of many thrust faults by the syn‐kinematic sediments, anticlinal growth structures form in these syn‐kinematic sediments by continuous thrust activity. The anticlinal structures preserved within the cores of the ridges or formed from these syn‐kinematic sediments act as structural traps for migrating hydrocarbon‐rich fluids, above which fluid escape structures are generated leading to seafloor seeps. Most of the discovered hydrocarbon seeps around Sixth Ridge are sourced from these traps. Despite the compressional environment and the rapid syn‐kinematic sedimentation rates, shallow subsurface of the frontal Makran is a normally pressured regime, in which the buoyancy of hydrocarbons may account for the fluid migration. In this important respect, the Makran accretionary prism differs from many other convergent margins and accretionary prisms, where fluid flow is largely driven by tectonically induced overpressure.
Controlling synoptic‐scale factors for the distribution of transient luminous events
Authors: Lee Li‐Jou , Chen Alfred B. , Chang Shu‐Chun , Kuo Cheng‐Ling , Su Han‐Tzong , Hsu Rue‐Rou , Wu Chun‐Chieh , Lin Po‐Hsiung , Frey Harald U. , Mende Stephen B. , Takahashi Yukihiro , Lee Lou‐Chuang
Published: August 2010

From analyzing the distribution of the transient luminous events (TLEs) registered by the Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning payload on the FORMOSAT‐2 satellite, we deduced the synoptic‐scale factors that control the occurrence of TLEs. For the low‐latitude tropical regions (25°S ∼ 25°N), 84% of the TLEs were found to occur over the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the South Pacific Convergence Zone and exhibited a seasonal variation that migrates north and south with respect to the equator. For the midlatitude regions (latitudes beyond ±30°), the occurrence of TLEs congregated over the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea during the winter seasons. From studying the distributions of the daily winter storm centers and the winter TLEs, the winter TLEs are usually found to occur near the cold fronts and thus are closely related to the winter storms. Our study shows that 88% of the northern winter TLEs and 72% of the southern winter TLEs occurred near the midlatitude cyclones. The winter TLE occurrence density and the storm‐track frequency share similar trends with the distribution of the winter TLEs offset by 10°–15°. Additionally, this study compares the luminous intensities of elves and sprites from the tropical and winter midlatitude regions. The results show that the convective systems in the tropical regions are presumably more capable of producing bright TLEs in comparison to their winter counterparts.
Ground deformation occurring in the city of Auckland, New Zealand, and observed by Envisat interferometric synthetic aperture radar during 2003–2007
Authors: Samsonov Sergey , Tiampo Kristy , González Pablo J. , Manville Vernon , Jolly Gill
Published: August 2010

In this study we present modeling results derived from ground deformation observed in the Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF) by the C‐band Envisat Synthetic Aperture Radar. Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand with a current population of over one million, coincides with the AVF, which comprises about 50 individual, largely monogenetic, basaltic volcanoes distributed across a total area of 360 km2. The most recent and largest eruption there occurred 600 years ago. While it is anticipated that the chance of any existing volcano reawakening is very low, a new volcano could be created at any time in a new location within the field. The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) for mapping ground deformation associated with magma ascent, which would be a likely precursor to the onset of volcanic activity. For this study we acquired and processed 23 single look complex (SLC) images from the Envisat satellite (Track 151, Frame 6442, IS2, VV) spanning from July 2003 until November 2007. All possible combinations of differential interferograms were created. Stacking, Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Permanent Scatterers (PS) processing algorithms were used to determine spatial and temporal patterns of surface deformation as well as their average rates. A number of localized deformation regions were consistently observed by all three techniques. Due to a lack of evidence pointing toward a relationship with volcanic or tectonic sources it was assumed that they are produced by groundwater withdrawal and recharge. Three largest regions of subsidence (S1–S3) and also three largest regions of uplift (U1–U3) were modeled with the derivative‐free simplex algorithms for location, depth and source volume change using a Mogi point source approximation. The results show that InSAR is a viable technique capable of detecting the scale, rate and spatial distribution of precursory deformation that would likely be associated with resumption of volcanic activity in the Auckland urban area.
Vertical structure of continuous release saline and turbidity currents
Authors: Islam M. Ashraful , Imran Jasim
Published: August 2010

This paper reports new experimental results on the mean velocity, excess fractional density, and turbulence structures of conservative and particulate density currents. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume consisting of a ramp followed by a horizontal bed. Instantaneous point velocity along the body of a continuous, developed underflow was measured using two 16 MHz Acoustic Doppler Velocity Probes (ADV). Mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and Reynolds stress components have been derived from the instantaneous velocity data. The normalized mean velocity, Reynolds stress, and TKE profiles have been derived and plotted in different groups corresponding to saline and particulate gravity currents over sloping and horizontal beds. The Reynolds‐averaged velocity shows excellent similarity collapse in these plots, while the Reynolds stress and the TKE profiles display good similarity in the wall‐bounded shear flow region. Vertical profiles of the TKE display two peaks separated by a zone of low turbulence around the position of the maximum velocity. The ratio of the maximum to the layer‐averaged TKE is found to be approximately 1.5. The TKE at the low turbulence zone between the peaks is approximately 50% of the depth‐averaged value.
Impact of wave phase difference between soil surface heat flux and soil surface temperature on soil surface energy balance closure
Authors: Gao Z. , Horton R. , Liu H. P.
Published: August 2010

The sensitivity of climate simulations to diurnal variation in the surface energy budget encourages enhanced inspection into the energy balance closure failure encountered in micrometeorological experiments. The diurnal wave phases of soil surface heat flux and temperature are theoretically characterized and compared for both moist soil and absolutely dry soil surfaces, indicating that the diurnal wave phase difference between soil surface heat flux and temperature ranges from 0 to π/4 for natural soils. Assuming that the net radiation and turbulent heat fluxes have phases identical to that of the soil surface temperature, we evaluate potential contributions of the wave phase difference to the surface energy balance closure. Results show that the sum of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux is always less than the available surface energy (i.e., the difference between net radiation and soil surface heat flux) even if all energy components are accurately measured, their footprints are strictly matched, and all corrections related to measurement environments and techniques are made. The energy balance closure ratio is extremely sensitive to the ratio of soil surface heat flux amplitude (A4) to net radiation flux amplitude (A1), and a high value of A4/A1 causes a significant failure in surface energy balance closure. An experimental case study confirms the theoretical analysis.
Lineated valley fill at the Martian dichotomy boundary: Nature and history of degradation
Authors: van Gasselt S. , Hauber E. , Neukum G.
Published: August 2010

The fretted terrain of the Martian dichotomy boundary is a key region for investigating landforms related to creep of ice and debris as it exhibits landforms comparable to morphologies of periglacial environments. Although features known as lobate debris aprons, lineated valley fills and concentric crater fills have been studied in great detail, basic questions concerned with the composition and the style of emplacement and degradation still remain unanswered. This study focuses on morphologies which are located in a near‐circular depression located at the dichotomy escarpment in Deuteronilus Mensae. Analysis of high‐resolution image data suggests an early formation of these features as the result of backward thermokarstic degradation of highland terrain. Geologically younger processes caused deposition and degradation of an ice‐rich mantling deposit, which ultimately led to formation of creep morphologies that might have even been active in the geologically recent past. Intermixing of both degradational landform units form complex patterns that cannot be explained by a late stage (glacial) process alone. Morphological comparisons of lineated valley fill units with concentric crater fill landforms in Utopia Planitia strongly suggest comparable emplacement and degradation styles of these features. The sequential development consisting of an initial probably widespread thermokarstic degradation followed by later cyclic deposition of volatile material and continual thermokarstic degradation suggests that the development of parts of the Martian fretted terrain is directly related to climatic variations in the planet's history.
Solar radiative heating of fiber‐optic cables used to monitor temperatures in water
Authors: Neilson Bethany T. , Hatch Christine E. , Ban Heng , Tyler Scott W.
Published: August 2010

In recent years, applications of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) have increased in number and diversity. Because fiber‐optic cables used for DTS are typically sheathed in dark UV‐resistant materials, the question arises as to how shortwave solar radiation penetrating a water column influences the accuracy of absolute DTS‐derived temperatures in aquatic applications. To quantify these effects, we completed a modeling effort that accounts for the effects of radiation and convection on a submersed cable to predict when solar heating may be important. Results indicate that for cables installed at shallow depths in clear, low‐velocity water bodies, measurable heating of the cable is likely during peak solar radiation. However, at higher velocities, increased turbidity and/or greater depths, the effects of solar heating are immeasurable. A field study illustrated the effects of solar radiation by installing two types of fiber‐optic cable at multiple water depths (from 0.05 to 0.8 m) in the center and along the sidewall of a trapezoidal canal. Thermistors were installed at similar depths and shielded from solar radiation to record absolute water temperatures. During peak radiation, thermistor data showed small temperature differences (∼0.003°C–0.04°C) between depths suggesting minor thermal stratification in the canal center. DTS data from cables at these same depths show differences of 0.01°C–0.17°C. The DTS differences cannot be explained by stratification alone and are likely evidence of additional heating from solar radiation. Sidewall thermistor strings also recorded stratification. However, corresponding DTS data suggested that bed conduction overwhelmed the effects of solar radiation.
Electrical conductivity in sprite streamer channels
Authors: Gordillo‐Vázquez F. J. , Luque A.
Published: August 2010

We study the electrical conductivity of a sprite streamer channel at three different altitudes (63 km, 70 km and 80 km). We discuss the hypothesis that the electrical conductivity stays constant along the full length of a streamer channel, contrary to expectations based on scaling laws. We then apply this hypothesis and extrapolations from a numerical electrodynamical simulation to study the air plasma kinetics after the passage of a streamer. We test two possible scenarios for the physical origin of trailing sprite emissions: a single pulse and a single pulse with a delayed re‐enhancement of the electric field up to the breakdown value. Our simulations show that VLF observations agree with persistent electric fields in the sprite that last several milliseconds and that associative detachment of O− ions may significantly affect the atmospheric conductivity in the presence of sprites.
Anomalously low solar extreme‐ultraviolet irradiance and thermospheric density during solar minimum
Authors: Solomon Stanley C. , Woods Thomas N. , Didkovsky Leonid V. , Emmert John T. , Qian Liying
Published: August 2010

Solar activity during 2007–2009 was very low, and during this protracted solar minimum period, the terrestrial thermosphere was cooler and lower in density than expected. Measurements from instruments on the SOHO and TIMED spacecraft, and by suborbital rocket flights, indicate that solar extreme‐ultraviolet irradiance levels were lower than they were during the previous solar minimum. Analysis of atmospheric drag on satellite orbits indicate that the thermosphere was lower in density, and therefore cooler, and than at any time since the beginning of the space age. However, secular change due to increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which cool the upper atmosphere, also plays a role in thermospheric climate. Simulations by the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model are compared to thermospheric density measurements, yielding evidence that the primary cause of the low thermospheric density was the unusually low level of solar extreme‐ultraviolet irradiance.
Exploring the Role of Informants in Interpretive Case Study Research in IS
Authors: Bygstad Bendik , Munkvold Bjørn Erik
Published: August 2010

Recent information systems research calls for interaction between the researcher and the informants in interpretive case study research. In line with Van de Ven's call for engaged scholarship, we Investigate how to involve the informants in case studies, not only for the collection of facts, but also in the co-construction and interpretation of the case narrative. The paper builds on a longitudinal case study, in which we explored an approach of extensive informant involvement. Using the ladder of analytical abstraction as our analytical tool, we discuss how an extended involvement of informants may enrich the Interpretive process In case study research, and increase the relevance of the findings. We discuss how and under what conditions this form of involvement may take place, and potential challenges of this approach.
Freezing of mixtures confined in silica nanopores: Experiment and molecular simulation
Authors: Coasne Benoit , Czwartos Joanna , Sliwinska-Bartkowiak Malgorzata , Gubbins Keith E.
Published: August 2010

Freezing of mixtures confined in silica nanopores is investigated by means of experiment and molecular simulation. The experiments consist of differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurements for CCl4/C6H5Br mixtures confined in Vycor having pores with a mean diameter of about D=4.2 nm. Molecular simulations consist of grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations combined with the parallel tempering technique for Lennard-Jones Ar/Kr mixtures confined in a silica cylindrical nanopore with a diameter of D=3.2 nm. The experimental and molecular simulation data provide a consistent picture of freezing of mixtures in cylindrical silica nanopores having a size smaller than ten times the size of the confined molecules. No sharp change in the properties of the confined mixture occurs upon melting, which suggests that the confined system does not crystallize. In the case of the molecular simulations, this result is confirmed by the fact that except for the contact layer, the percentage of crystal-like atoms is less than 6% (whatever the temperature). The molecular simulations also show that the composition of the mixture is shifted, upon confinement, toward the component having the strongest wall/fluid attraction.