bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reporting completeness of abstracts of systematic reviews published in leading dental specialty journals
Authors: Seehra Jadbinder , Fleming Padhraig S , Polychronopoulou Argy , Pandis Nikolaos
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the reporting completeness of systematic review (SR) abstracts in leading dental specialty journals. Electronic and supplementary hand searching were undertaken to identify SRs published in seven dental specialty journals and in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Abstract reporting completeness was evaluated using a checklist derived from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (prisma) guidelines. Descriptive statistics followed by univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Two‐hundred and eighteen SR abstracts were identified. Reporting of interventions (94%), objectives (96%), data sources (81%), eligibility criteria (77%), and conclusions (97%) was adequate in the majority of reviews. However, inadequate reporting of participants (18%), results (42%), effect size (14%), level of significance (60%), and trial registration (100%) was commonplace. The mean overall reporting score was 79.1% (95% CI, 77.6–80.6). Only journal of publication was a significant predictor of overall reporting, with inferior results for all journals relative to Cochrane reviews, with scores ranging from −4.3% (95% CI, −8.74 to 0.08) to −35.6% (95% CI, −42.0 to −24.3) for the International Journal of Prosthodontics and the British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, respectively. Improved reporting of dental SR abstracts is needed and should be encouraged, as these abstracts may underpin influential clinical decisions.
Spawning site selection by European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in relation to oceanographic conditions in the Strait of Sicily
Authors: Basilone G. , Bonanno A. , Patti B. , Mazzola S. , Barra M. , Cuttitta A. , McBride R.
Published: March 2013

European anchovy egg occurrence and density data from summer surveys (1998–2007) and oceanographic data were examined to study the mechanisms that control the spatial distribution of anchovy spawning habitat in the Strait of Sicily. Quotient analysis indicated habitat preference for temperature (18–19°C), bottom depth (50–100 m), water column stability (13–14 cycle h−1), fluorescence (0.10–0.15 μg m−3 Chl a), salinity (37.5–37.6 PSU), current speed (0.20–0.25 m s−1) and density (26.7–26.8 kg m−3, σt). Canonical discriminant analysis identified temperature, column stability and fluorescence as major drivers of anchovy spawning habitat. Three of the 4 years which had lower egg abundance were warmer years, with low values of primary productivity. A geostrophic current flowing through the Strait (the Atlantic Ionic Stream, AIS) was confirmed as the main source of environmental variability in structuring the anchovy spawning ground by its influence on both the oceanography and distribution of anchovy eggs. This 10‐yr data series demonstrates recurrent but also variable patterns of oceanographic flows and egg distribution. A lack of freshwater flow in this area appears to depress productivity in the region, but certain and variable combinations of environmental conditions can elevate production in some sub‐areas in most years or other sub‐areas in fewer years. These temporal and spatial patterns are consistent with an ocean triad theory postulating that processes of oceanographic enrichment, concentration, and retention may help predict fishery yields.
Interactions between invading benthivorous fish and native whitefish in subarctic lakes
Authors: Hayden Brian , Holopainen Tiina , Amundsen Per‐Arne , Eloranta Antti P. , Knudsen Rune , Præbel Kim , Kahilainen Kimmo K.
Published: March 2013

Many species are expanding their distribution towards higher latitudes and altitudes in response to climate change. These range shifts are expected to change fish community structure and alter food‐web dynamics in subarctic lakes. However, the impacts of invading species on native fish and invertebrate prey communities remain understudied.

The trophic ecology of invasive species determines the likelihood of direct resource competition with native taxa. In Northern Europe, perch (Perca fluviatilis), a trophic generalist, and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus), a benthic specialist, are expanding their distribution ranges northwards, colonising lakes inhabited by a native generalist, whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). We predicted that increased fish diversity and density would deplete the invertebrate community and increase resource competition between native and invasive species.

To assess the degree of resource competition between native and invasive species, we compared (i) fish and invertebrate community structure; (ii) diet and stable carbon and nitrogen ratios of whitefish, ruffe and perch and (iii) growth, condition and relative population size of whitefish in two non‐invaded lakes with two lakes containing one and two lakes containing both invasive species. Each lake was sampled on a single occasion between August and September.

Benthic macroinvertebrate density and community structure were unaffected by increased consumer diversity, while top‐down control of pelagic zooplankton density and size was evident in lakes with increased fish diversity.

Differences in diet and stable isotope ratios were evident between all whitefish populations, although these were not directly related to the presence of invasive species. Specialised adaptations of invasive species may confer a competitive advantage in invaded lakes; ruffe dominated the profundal niche, while perch displayed an ontogenetic shift to piscivory, reducing niche overlap with native whitefish.

Growth rate and population density of whitefish were largely independent of fish community structure and were governed by local variations in lake productivity. However, there was a sign of lowered condition of whitefish in invaded systems. Shallow and more productive lakes with higher food availability supported populations of native and invasive species.

Our findings indicate that trophic specialisations of invasive species play a key role in determining their impacts on the systems they invade. This study focussed on early stages of invasion, and the outcome of species interactions may change following the establishment of new species. In addition, these impacts will not be uniform across the invaded landscape as lake‐specific variations in morphometry and resource availability will alter the competitive balance between native and invasive species.
Interacting effects of temperature and density on individual growth performance in a wild population of brown trout
Authors: Bærum Kim M. , Haugen Thrond O. , Kiffney Peter , Moland Olsen Esben , Vøllestad L. Asjørn
Published: March 2013

Growth is a key life‐history trait linked to population regulation in fishes and may be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors such as density and temperature. Exploring how growth performance is altered by such factors in the wild will aid our understanding of how climate change might influence fish populations.

We explore the interactions between temperature and density on growth in a stream‐resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) population by comparing observed individual growth rates with predicted rates, at maximum rations, as a function of natural variation in water temperature in a small, cold (average temp summer <11 °C) stream in south‐east Norway. Variation in relative growth performance of resident brown trout was analysed using a linear mixed‐model approach based on a 9‐year‐long time series of mark–recapture data that yielded 1043 individual growth rate estimates for the summer seasons.

Observed growth rates never exceeded 60% of predicted growth. Density and temperature interacted in a non‐additive and complex way as controlling agents of growth performance, where a general positive effect of temperature minimised an apparent negative effect of density. We also found an interaction between age and density, where young fish were more negatively affected by density than older fish. Individuals that were small for their age showed evidence of compensatory growth.

As our system appears to be strongly resource limited and temperature seems to facilitate relative growth performance, we argue that the negative density effect is mitigated by increased food supply when temperature increases during the summer growth season. Further, the positive effect of temperature on growth appeared minimal at low densities, suggesting an unmeasured factor (e.g. food quality) was limiting some of the growth potential. Our results help elucidate potential effects of temperature changes on brown trout in a small and cold stream, where the positive influence of temperature is more pronounced at high fish densities.
Association of sarcopenia with functional decline in community‐dwelling elderly subjects in Japan
Authors: Tanimoto Yoshimi , Watanabe Misuzu , Sun Wei , Tanimoto Keiji , Shishikura Kanako , Sugiura Yumiko , Kusabiraki Toshiyuki , Kono Koichi
Published: March 2013

Aim

The present study aimed to determine the association of sarcopenia, defined by muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, with functional disability from a 2‐year cohort study of community‐dwelling elderly Japanese people.

Method

Participants were 743 community‐dwelling elderly Japanese people aged 65 years or older. We used bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to measure muscle mass, grip strength to measure muscle strength, and usual walking speed to measure physical performance in a baseline study. Functional disability was defined using an activities of daily living (ADL) scale and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale at baseline and during follow‐up examinations 2 years later. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for age and body mass index, was used to examine the association between sarcopenia and the occurrence of functional disability.

Results

In the present study, 7.8% of men and 10.2% of women were classified as having sarcopenia. Among sarcopenia patients in the baseline study, 36.8% of men and 18.8% of women became dependent in ADL at 2‐year follow up. From the logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and body mass index, sarcopenia was significantly associated with the occurrences of physical disability compared with normal subjects in both men and women.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia, defined by muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance, was associated with functional decline over a 2‐year period in elderly Japanese. Interventions to prevent sarcopenia are very important to prevent functional decline among elderly individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 958–963.
Age‐related skeletal muscle mass loss and physical performance in Taiwan: Implications to diagnostic strategy of sarcopenia in Asia
Authors: Liu Li‐Kuo , Lee Wei‐Ju , Liu Chien‐Liang , Chen Liang‐Yu , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Peng Li‐Ning , Chen Liang‐Kung
Published: March 2013

Aim

Skeletal muscle loss is a common feature of aging, and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Although several indexes of skeletal muscle mass measurement have been developed, the most optimal index for sarcopenia diagnosis among Asian populations has remained unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and physical performance among community‐dwelling people in Taiwan.

Methods

Data of the I‐Lan Longitudinal Aging Study (ILAS) were retrieved for study. Comparisons between demographic profiles, physical performance and skeletal muscle mass (measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) were carried out. Skeletal muscle mass expressed by lean body mass divided by squared height (LBM/ht2), appendicular muscle mass divided by squared height (ASM/ht2) and percent skeletal muscle index (SMI%) were compared between measurements of physical performance.

Results

Overall, the data of 532 participants (mean age 64.6 ± 9.5 years, male 53.0%) were retrieved for analysis. Age was associated with poorer physical performance, and decreased ASM/ht2 and LBM/ht2, but not SMI%. Skeletal muscle mass (SMI%) was less significantly related to slow walking speed than ASM/ht2 in men. In women, all three muscle indexes showed no significant association between slow walking speed. In contrast, low handgrip strength was strongly associated with decreased skeletal muscle mass (measured by ASM/ht2 and LBM/ht2, but not SMI%) in both men and women.

Conclusions

Skeletal muscle mass was significantly associated with handgrip strength along with aging, but the association of skeletal muscle mass and walking speed was less significant. In sarcopenia diagnosis among Asian populations, ASM/ht2 should be the most suitable index for skeletal muscle mass measurements, and physical performance should be measured universally beyond measurements of skeletal muscle mass. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 964–971.
A comparison of stigma among patients with leprosy in rural Tanzania and urban United States: a role for public health in dermatology
Authors: Roosta Neda , Black David S. , Rea Thomas H.
Published: March 2013

Background  Leprosy is a chronic infection of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, which causes peripheral insensitivity and disfigurements of the skin, limbs, and digits. Social stigma is a common consequence of leprosy and may differ according to level of physical disfigurement and geographic location. The objective of this study was to assess social stigma encountered by patients with leprosy in clinical settings located in rural Tanzania and urban USA and to compare the social stigma reported in these regions.

Methods  A total of 56 respondents were recruited from one leprosy inpatient facility in Shirati, Tanzania (n = 28), and one outpatient clinic in Los Angeles, USA (n = 28). Cross‐sectional data were obtained from face‐to‐face interviews, which were conducted with respondents at each clinic location. Measures of perceived stigma were assessed in family relationship, vocational, social interaction, and interpersonal contexts.

Results  Patients in Tanzania, as compared with those in the USA, reported significantly higher levels of stigma in family relationship and vocational contexts. Tanzanian patients also reported higher levels of stigma in social interaction and self‐esteem contexts, but these differences were marginally significant and may reflect the small sample size.

Conclusions  Leprosy‐related social stigma is a major problem in regions of both developed and developing countries; however, patients with leprosy in developing countries reported higher levels of stigma in four social contexts. A public health role in dermatology is discussed as an agent of early diagnosis, control, and education in order to reduce social stigma and promote social rehabilitation.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes isolates from acne patients in Colombia
Authors: Mendoza Natalia , Hernandez Paul O. , Tyring Stephen K. , Haitz Kassie A. , Motta Adriana
Published: March 2013

Background  The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Propionibacterium acnes poses a significant challenge to successful treatment outcomes in acne patients. Although P. acnes resistance has been demonstrated throughout the world, no previous data regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. acnes in Colombia are available.

Objectives  The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of P.  acnes to common antibiotics used in the treatment of acne in a Colombian population.

Methods  Samples were collected from facial acne lesions of 100 dermatology patients. Allsamples were cultured in anaerobic conditions, and final identification of isolates was performed. Isolates of P. acnes were then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests using erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline.

Results  Propionibacterium acnes isolates resistant to erythromycin (35%), clindamycin (15%), doxycycline (9%), tetracycline (8%), and minocycline (1%) were observed. Isolates with cross‐resistance were also observed (to erythromycin and clindamycin [12%] and to doxycycline and tetracycline [6%]). Overall, 46% of isolates taken from patients with a history of antibiotic use demonstrated resistance, whereas 29% of isolates taken from patients who had never used antibiotics demonstrated resistance.

Conclusions  Antimicrobial resistance in P. acnes in this Colombian population has a lower prevalence than those reported in Europe and follows a similar pattern to findings elsewhere in Latin America. Resistance is demonstrated even in isolates from patients with no previous history of antibiotic use. Resistance to erythromycin is most commonly observed. Minocycline emerges as the most effective antibiotic.
Dermatologist‐diagnosed skin diseases among immigrant Latino poultry processors and other manual workers in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Pichardo‐Geisinger Rita , Muñoz‐Ali Diana , Arcury Thomas A. , Blocker Jill N. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Mora Dana C. , Chen Haiying , Schulz Mark R. , Feldman Steve R. , Quandt Sara A.
Published: March 2013

Background  Immigrant Latino workers represent an expanding workforce in rural areas of the USA, where their employment is concentrated in occupations such as poultry processing that entail chemical, infectious, and mechanical skin exposures. Occupation‐related skin illnesses in this vulnerable population are not well characterized.

Objectives  This study was designed to describe the prevalences of skin diseases among immigrant Latino poultry processors and other manual workers in North Carolina.

Methods  Community‐based sampling was used to recruit 742 immigrant Latino workers, 518 of whom underwent a physical examination supervised by a board‐certified dermatologist. The presence or absence of skin disease on the face, neck, arms, hands, and feet was recorded.

Results  Workers ranged in age from 18 years to 68 years. Slightly over half of the sample were male (52.6%). Poultry workers represented 55.8% of the study sample. Infectious skin diseases were the most common diagnosis, present in 52.3% of workers. Inflammatory skin diseases were present in 28.2% and pigmentary disorders in 21.8% of workers. The most common skin conditions were tinea pedis (37.6%), onychomycosis (31.9%), scars (13.7%), acne (11.8%), and melasma (9.3%). Age, sex, first language, and work as a poultry processor accounted in part for the prevalence of these diseases.

Conclusions  Several skin diseases are highly prevalent in immigrant Latino workers and may relate to work environment. These may impair the quality of life of these workers and predispose them to further illness.
Prospective histologic examinations in patients who practice traumatic hairstyling
Authors: Uhlenhake Elizabeth E. , Mehregan Darius M.
Published: March 2013

Objectives  Alopecia is the fifth most common dermatologic diagnosis in African‐American patients. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is the most common form of scarring alopecia in this group. This study sought to evaluate clinical and histologic findings in patients without clinical alopecia who use chemical and/or thermal straighteners to determine whether follicular damage is evidenced histologically.

Methods  Eight African‐American women with no clinical evidence of alopecia or scalp inflammation were included in the study. All participants had engaged in some form of traumatic hair care within the previous month. Participants submitted to clinical photography and 4‐mm punch biopsy. Histologic examination was performed and the characteristics of each case recorded.

Results  There were no clinical signs of alopecia or inflammation in any patient. Histopathology showed peri‐infundibular lymphocytic inflammation in all patients and mild superficial perivascular lymphocytic inflammation in three. Concentric infundibular fibrosis was observed in each hair follicle in all specimens. One sample showed additional focal peri‐isthmus fibrosis. There was no evidence of complete follicular dropout, follicular epithelial thinning, or premature desquamation of inner root sheaths. The mean number of hair follicles was 4.88 per 4‐mm punch. Hair cycling was consistently within normal ranges.

Conclusions  Biopsy findings characteristic of CCCA suggest that a clinical prelude exists histologically. Further follow‐up may provide a longitudinal timeframe for the potential progression, halting, or reversal of disease if hairstyling practices are, respectively, continued or discontinued. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia is likely to represent a common pathway of inflammation and scarring that can be instigated by traumatic hairstyling practices in genetically predisposed subjects.
Emerging concept for the role of photorespiration as an important part of abiotic stress response
Authors: Voss I. , Sunil B. , Scheibe R. , Raghavendra A. S.
Published: March 2013

When plants are exposed to stress, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is often one of the first responses. In order to survive, cells attempt to down‐regulate the production of ROS, while at the same time scavenging ROS. Photorespiration is now appreciated as an important part of stress responses in green tissues for preventing ROS accumulation. Photorespiratory reactions can dissipate excess reducing equivalents and energy either directly (using ATP, NAD(P)H and reduced ferredoxin) or indirectly (e.g., via alternative oxidase (AOX) and providing an internal CO2 pool). Photorespiration, however, is also a source of H2O2 that is possibly involved in signal transduction, resulting in modulation of gene expression. We propose that photorespiration can assume a major role in the readjustment of redox homeostasis. Protection of photosynthesis from photoinhibition through photorespiration is well known. Photorespiration can mitigate oxidative stress under conditions of drought/water stress, salinity, low CO2 and chilling. Adjustments to even mild disturbances in redox status, caused by a deficiency in ascorbate, AOX or chloroplastic NADP‐malate dehydrogenase, comprise increases in photorespiratory components such as catalase, P‐protein of glycine decarboxylase complex (GDC) and glycine content. The accumulation of excess reducing equivalents or ROS in plant cells also affects mitochondria. Therefore, a strong interaction between the chloroplast redox status and photorespiration is not surprising, but highlights interesting properties evident in plant cells. We draw attention to the fact that a complex network of multiple and dynamic systems, including photorespiration, prevents oxidative damage while optimising photosynthesis. Further experiments are necessary to identify and validate the direct targets of redox signals among photorespiratory components.
Renewing Ethnographic Theory
Authors: JONES STOKES
Published: March 2013

The place of theory in ethnographic practice is to reflect, puzzle, re‐think, and guide research practices from a ‘meta’ perspective.

Consequently, for EPIC 2012 our contributors have sought to renew ethnographic theory by questioning some fundamentals that often “go without saying” (even for a community as circumspect as ours). Thus, the role of Time, Endings, Facts, and Functions all come under scrutiny, as well as how our very “ways of world making” hinge on the categories implicit within our disciplinary commitments.

But, unless such reflective (and reflexive) concerns get reapplied in practice, there is no PRAXIS (to refine, or transform, what is done towards ‘the next level’). However, as the concerns of these authors all stem from ‘real’ conundrums or opportunities in their own research (and since they have already sweated much of the theoretical labor for us) hearing what they say should enable you to achieve PRAXIS in your own work.

So the invitation is open – apply this thinking and learning to realize how engaging with ethnographic theory entails enriching your practice of ethnography.
Function and Change in China: Reviving Mauss’“total social fact” to gain knowledge of changing markets
Authors: LIESKOVSKY MIN , RAMSEY‐ELLIOT MORGAN , HILL CHARLES
Published: March 2013

This paper attempts to revive Mauss's concept of the total social fact as a method to establish understanding of new markets. Our case study of alcohol in China illuminates the spirit baijiu's connections to the total social facts of guanxi (social capital) and hierarchy. We outline the distinction between symbols that communicate meaning and total social facts that communicate function. We propose a methodology based on using total social facts as a heuristic device, removed from some of the problematic assumptions of classical functionalism.
One Case, Three Ethnographic Styles: Exploring different ethnographic approaches to the same broad brief
Authors: SEGELSTRÖM FABIAN , HOLMLID STEFAN
Published: March 2013

In a research project aimed at suggesting improvements at an annual advent fair three different ethnographic research approaches were used; Social Anthropology, Interaction Design and Mobile Ethnography. The paper focuses on how the three different approaches on ethnography affected choices in the research process, the outcomes of the research and how the outcomes were presented. It is found that the different motivations for doing ethnography between the three approaches make their outcomes differ in a clear way. These differences make the three ethnographic approaches suitable for achieving different research outcomes.
Back to the Future of Work: Informing corporate renewal
Authors: WATTS‐ENGLERT JENNIFER , SZYMANSKI MARGARET , WALL PATRICIA , SPRAGUE MARY ANN , DALAL BRINDA
Published: March 2013

This paper describes the results of a multi‐year ethnographic study of how knowledge workers integrate new technology into their work practices. We studied mobile and remote workers who use smartphones, tablets, cloud computing, and social networking to support their work. Study findings describe the characteristics of mobile work, the coordination of multiple devices and sources of information, how new technology functioned as a social resource and issues that arose when participants used personal mobile devices to support work. We will also discuss how we are working with corporate teams to renew our research projects, and the solutions and services the company offers to support the changing nature of work.
Scene and Unscene: Revealing the value of the local music scene in Savannah, Georgia
Authors: HEINE COLLEEN M.
Published: March 2013

Throughout human history, music has been central to the fabric of society. Music is a powerful form of communication, it helps us relate to one another, make sense of the world, and commemorate moments together. Yet, music is often perceived as an extraneous element in a local economy (Markusen 2003), and the occupation “musician”—with the rare exceptions of those who achieve mainstream recognition—often conjures images of the starving artist or delinquent idler. What if the value of a local music scene could be made clear from an economic and cultural perspective? What is the value of a local music scene in establishing an identity of place? How can a city facilitate the conditions for a local music scene to exist and thrive? Although music plays a key role in a city's creative and cultural life, a local music scene is too often overlooked as a driver for economic and community development. Through ethnographic research, this study uncovers the collective needs and vision for the future of the local music scene in Savannah, Georgia and proposes a framework for action.
Implementing EMRs: Learnings from a video ethnography
Authors: VINKHUYZEN ERIK , PLURKOWSKI LUKE , DAVID GARY
Published: March 2013

This yearlong video ethnography of a healthcare clinic that transitioned from a paper process to a scanning solution documents in detail how the new technology impacted different groups in the clinic. While the scanning solution reduced the retrieving, filing, and paper‐processing work for the Medical Record clerks, the ethnographic analysis showed that it also eliminated some of that work's tangible benefits for providers. Ultimately, the scanning solution resulted in a shift in the division of labor in the clinic from Medical Records to the healthcare providers who were burdened with additional administrative tasks. Indeed, the scanning technology did not make the clinic more efficient overall, as the number of patient visits per day remained the same.
The Resilience and Adaptation of OccupyDC
Authors: LEONARD ANTHONY
Published: March 2013

During the winter of 2012 Occupy DC's McPherson Square encampment was at its zenith. The movement crossed traditional class, race and gender boundaries and coalesced around a similar thread of goals. Parallel to the political missions of the moment, the encampment organically became a thriving community with its own set of rules, social mores, multiple sub‐cultures and languages. Although the encampment is now gone, the movement continues to thrive through social media and pop up demonstrations. While very adaptive, the movement's next steps are anyone's guess.
Middle Perspectives: Lessons from a walk down the High Line
Authors: VENKATARAMANI ARVIND
Published: March 2013

The High Line in New York city is an urban renewal project that has turned an old elevated railway line into an urban green corridor in Manhattan. I take a walk through the High Line examining the new perspectives it affords, and relates urban and environmental notions of renewal with questions of agency and appropriation. Along the way, the peculiar characteristics of the High Line highlight normally hidden features of the urban landscape; these revelations prompt questions on how the uses of the High Line might diverge from the original architectural vision, and suggest that it be also seen as a platform for renewal, and not just an outcome. A broader view invites speculations on new forms of commons. In an age where civic action is both so difficult and so necessary, a walk through the High Line suggests ways of approaching systemic change laterally.
Peckham, Poundland, Post its and the Peace Wall: Staging a Post‐Riot Renewal
Authors: ROBERTS SIMON
Published: March 2013

This presentation explores the response of residents in Peckham, an inner city London community, to the riots that took place in August 2011. On a boarded up shop window they created the ‘Peacewall’‐ a mass of post‐it notes declaring their relationships with Peckham. The Peacewall became a national icon of post‐riot renewal. By drawing on anthropological scholarship on south Asian communal riots, and more recent writing on the use of post it notes within corporations, I provide an ethnographic account of post‐riot renewal and an exploration of Post it notes as tools in the staging and articulation of ideas by those in positions of structural weakness.
A Call to Action Regarding the Patient Experience
Authors: ANDERSON RICHARD I.
Published: March 2013

Our broken healthcare system badly needs the attention of the (UX) design (research) communities. But for these communities to have an impact, they must become better aware of: what about their typical work limits what they can achieve in fixing healthcare; the socio‐cultural characteristics that offer substantive resistance to healthcare system change; what is happening in healthcare that might go part way to achieve the change needed; and what they can do differently to prepare themselves to have a substantive impact. This presentation will elaborate, referencing select examples of what these communities have done to date.
Shadowbox Prototyping: A Method for Live Interface Enactments
Authors: CHONG SEUNG , MOROSKY MATT , PAYNE JOHN , SHEA LEAH , KUMATANI KAORU
Published: March 2013

Working with a remote client to develop interaction design concepts, we found ourselves in need of a quick‐and‐dirty way to share half‐formed design ideas. Using a document camera, a telepresence application capable of sharing images and audio, and a reconfigurable paper prototype, we devised a method we called “shadowbox prototyping” to approximate an interactive onscreen experience with a remote collaborator, while allowing us to quickly iterate through interface ideas in real‐time.
Direct from the Pressroom: Delivering Future Scenarios and Strategy to Users
Authors: RAHN GISELLE
Published: March 2013

A set of four newspapers developed as interactive conversation starters to support discussion with user audiences push the envelope of reality in order to increase scale of impact. The artifacts are scenario concept tools to present research while identifying drivers and early signals of change. This business strategy is designed to enable individuals or organizations to respond with– rather than to– change. This research product would be complimented by ethnographic research.
TOUCH: Provoking new dialogues through fresh perspectives
Authors: KATICA MARY , JANISSE LAURA
Published: March 2013

Featured from the Kaiser Permanente Workplace Safety Exploratorium, TOUCH artifacts were designed to communicate insights around the cultural challenges of workplace safety and to inspire deep conversation within our organization. The interactive artifacts encouraged frontline staff, clinicians, management, and leadership to safely congregate and playfully interact with the sensitive and sometimes controversial insights.
Cracking the Marketplace of Ideas
Authors: BROUGHTON PHILIP DELVES
Published: March 2013

Philip Delves Broughton is a journalist, management writer, and best‐selling author of two books. Philip was a journalist with The Daily Telegraph for ten years, latterly as Paris Bureau Chief (2002–04) before he took an MBA at Harvard, which became the subject of his first book, the best‐selling What They Teach You at Harvard Business School. Philip writes regularly for The Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal and The Spectator. From 2009–2010, he spent several months at Apple writing case studies for Apple University, its internal management program, and now works with The Kauffman Foundation for Entrepreneurship and Education. His most recent book The Art of the Sale: Learning from the Masters about the Business of Life is an ‘insightful scholarly treatise on sales’ with a global perspective on this critical business function.
Bioeconomics of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, culture in Vietnam
Authors: Petersen Elizabeth H. , Phuong Truong H. , Van Dung Nguyen , Giang Pham T. , Dat Nguyen K. , Tuan Vu A. , Nghi Tran V. , Glencross Brett D.
Published: March 2013

The results of bioeconomic analysis informed by a survey of 80 small‐scale mud crab farmers in Vietnam are presented in this paper. Mud crab farming in Vietnam is profitable, with net revenue being approximately 135 and 41 million VND/year (USD 7000–USD 2100 per year) in the central and southern regions, respectively. Profitability was significantly higher in the centre compared with the north, as almost three times the biomass is harvested in the centre compared with the south (in turn, due to higher aquaculture area and survival rates). The benefit–cost ratio (the ratio between total revenue and total costs) is 3.55 in the centre and 1.97 in the south. The crabs are fed almost exclusively on low‐value finfish in the centre and the south. Feeding rates were found to be low, with 95% of biomass gain coming from natural feed in the environment rather than supplementary feeding by the farmer. If pellets are to be adopted widely by mud crab farmers, negative perceptions regarding the poor adaptability of mud crab to pellets (northern farmers only), relatively slow growth rates compared with low‐value finfish and lack of availability of pellets need to be overcome.
Protein, lipid and energy requirements of cultured marine fish in cold, temperate and warm water
Authors: Bowyer Jenna N. , Qin Jian G. , Stone David A. J.
Published: March 2013

Temperature is one of the most important physical factors influencing fish growth. Under optimal temperatures, food energy partitioned into fish growth can be maximized. However, when a marine carnivorous species is cultured in an environment where temperature falls outside the optimal range of a fish, growth will be affected. The nutrient–environment interaction is important for optimizing a fish’s nutritional requirements throughout the grow‐out period. The most current global issue for the aquaculture industry is the inclusion of alternative ingredients into formulated diets to produce a sustainable seafood product. This requires the substitution of fish meal and fish oil with alternative ingredients from plant and terrestrial animal sources. This review discusses the changes in nutritional requirements (protein, lipid and energy) and physiology of some commonly cultured marine fishes as a consequence of seasonal changes in temperature during the grow‐out period. This review also discusses the effects of replacing fish meal and fish oil with alternative protein and lipid sources on the nutritional–environmental interactions of fish performance at different temperatures.
Salmon Welfare Index Model (SWIM 1.0): a semantic model for overall welfare assessment of caged Atlantic salmon: review of the selected welfare indicators and model presentation
Authors: Stien Lars H. , Bracke Marc B. M. , Folkedal Ole , Nilsson Jonatan , Oppedal Frode , Torgersen Thomas , Kittilsen Silje , Midtlyng Paul J. , Vindas Marco A. , Øverli Øyvind , Kristiansen Tore S.
Published: March 2013

A semantic model for overall welfare assessment of Atlantic salmon reared in sea cages is presented. The model, called SWIM 1.0, is designed to enable fish farmers to make a formal and standardized assessment of fish welfare using a set of selected welfare indicators. In order to cover all welfare relevant aspects from the animals’ point of view and to create a science‐based tool we first identified the known welfare needs of Atlantic salmon in sea cages and searched the literature for feasible welfare indicators. The framework of semantic modelling was used to perform a structured literature review and an evaluation of each indicator. The selected indicators were water temperature, salinity, oxygen saturation, water current, stocking density, lighting, disturbance, daily mortality rate, appetite, sea lice infestation ratio, condition factor, emaciation state, vertebral deformation, maturation stage, smoltification state, fin condition and skin condition. Selection criteria for the indicators were that they should be practical and measureable on the farm, that each indicator could be divided into levels from good to poor welfare backed up by relevant scientific literature. To estimate each indicator’s relative impact on welfare, all the indicators were weighted based on their respective literature reviews and according to weighting factors defined as part of the semantic modelling framework. This was ultimately amalgamated into an overall model that calculates welfare indexes for salmon in sea cages. More importantly, the model identifies how each indicator contributes (negatively and positively) to the overall index and hence which welfare needs are compromised or fulfilled.
How Inventory Cost Influences Introduction Timing of Product Line Extensions
Authors: Ke Te Tony , Shen Zuo‐Jun Max , Li Shan
Published: March 2013

In the industry with radical technology push or rapidly changing customer preference, it is firms' common wisdom to introduce high‐end product first, and follow by low‐end product‐line extensions. A key decision in this “down‐market stretch” strategy is the introduction time. High inventory cost is pervasive in such industries, but its impact has long been ignored during the presale planning stage. This study takes a first step toward filling this gap. We propose an integrated inventory (supply) and diffusion (demand) framework and analyze how inventory cost influences the introduction timing of product‐line extensions, considering substitution effect among successive generations. We show that under low inventory cost or frequent replenishment ordering policy, the optimal introduction time indeed follows the well‐known “now or never” rule. However, sequential introduction becomes optimal as the inventory holding gets more substantial or the product life cycle gets shorter. The optimal introduction timing can increase or decrease with the inventory cost depending on the marketplace setting, requiring a careful analysis.
Clinical Characteristics and Management of Periesophageal Vagal Nerve Injury Complicating Left Atrial Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Lessons from Eleven Cases
Authors: KUWAHARA TAISHI , TAKAHASHI ATSUSHI , TAKAHASHI YOSHIHIDE , KOBORI ATUSHI , MIYAZAKI SHINSUKE , TAKEI ASUMI , FUJINO TADASHI , OKUBO KENJI , TAKAGI KATSUMASA , FUJII AKIRA , TAKIGAWA MASATERU , WATARI YUJI , HIKITA HIROYUKI , SATO AKIRA , AONUMA KAZUTAKA
Published: March 2013

Postablation Gastroparesis Features and Treatment

Introduction

This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and management of periesophageal vagal nerve injury complicating the ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods and Results

A total of 3,695 patients with drug‐resistant AF underwent extensive pulmonary vein isolation at our institution. Either a nonirrigated or an irrigated ablation catheter was employed, with radiofrequency power of 25–40 W. Esophageal temperature was monitored in 3,538 patients: when the esophageal temperature reached 42°C radiofrequency delivery was stopped. A total of 11 patients (60 ± 11 years, 10 males) were diagnosed as having a periesophageal vagal nerve injury after the AF ablation. Symptoms included nausea, vomiting, bloating, constipation, and gastric pain, which occurred within 72 hours after the procedure. Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy and/or endoscopy revealed gastric hypomotility (10 patients) and pyloric spasm (1 patient). Intravenous erythromycin (3 mg/kg every 8 hours) was effective in relieving symptoms in 5 patients, and the patient with pyloric spasm underwent esophagojejunal anstomosis. Eight patients almost fully recovered within 40 days; however, 3 patients suffered from severe symptoms for 3–12 months. This complication occurred in 4 of the 157 patients (2.5%) who did not have esophageal temperature monitoring, and 7 of the 3,538 (0.2%) who did (P = 0.0007). The 3 patients with persistent severe symptoms received no esophageal temperature monitoring.

Conclusion

The clinical course and severity of the periesophageal vagal nerve injury varied, but most patients finally recovered with conservative treatment. Radiofrequency delivery under esophageal temperature monitoring might reduce both the incidence and the severity of this complication.
Beneficial effect of calcium channel blockers on home blood pressure variability in the morning in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ushigome Emi , Fukui Michiaki , Hamaguchi Masahide , Tanaka Toru , Atsuta Haruhiko , Ohnishi Masayoshi , Oda Yohei , Yamazaki Masahiro , Hasegawa Goji , Nakamura Naoto
Published: March 2013

Aims/Introduction

Recent studies have shown the association between blood pressure variability and cardiovascular events. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between antihypertensive drug class and home blood pressure variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

We compared home blood pressure variability among patients treated with calcium channel blockers (n = 44), with angiotensin II receptor blockers and/or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 159), and with calcium channel blockers combined with angiotensin II receptor blockers and/or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 183). Next, we analyzed the effect of calcium channel blockers on morning blood pressure variability using multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Coefficient variation of morning systolic blood pressure in patients treated with calcium channel blockers was significantly lower than that in patients treated with angiotensin II receptor blockers and/or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (P = 0.036). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that treatment with calcium channel blockers was significantly correlated with coefficient variation of morning systolic blood pressure (β = −0.264, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The present study implies a possibility for validity on selecting calcium channel blockers in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes to reduce home blood pressure variability.
MC1R major variants are a risk factor of sleep lines in Caucasian women
Authors: Jdid R. , Ezzedine K. , Latreille J. , Galan P. , Hercberg S. , Malvy D. , Tschachler E. , Guinot C.
Published: March 2013

Background

Sleep lines are caused by individual's sleeping positions and should be differentiated from expression wrinkles.

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate possible risk factors for sleep lines on a sizeable sample of middle‐aged Caucasian women.

Methods

This study involved a sample of 542 French middle‐aged women (44 to 70 years old) from Paris area. Three standardized facial photographs (face and profiles) were examined independently by two dermatologists allowing the identification of sleep lines and the evaluation of the severity of several facial skin features. Possible impacts of MC1R gene polymorphisms were tested using logistic regression models.

Results

Sixty women (11%) had facial sleep lines and showed generally more than one sleep line. The sleep lines were often located on the forehead, along the nose, on the cheeks and under the eyes, and more rarely on the chin. As expected, the sleep lines were associated with age, and the women with sleep lines showed also more severe signs of skin ageing. After adjustment on possible confounders, the presence of two major diminished function variants of the MC1R gene was identified as a strong risk factor for sleep lines [adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (95% CI): 8.25 (2.62–25.97)].

Discussion/Conclusion

The data in the literature are scarce and this study is the first to be conducted on a sizeable sample of women. Our results suggest that genetic variations of MC1R are important determinants of the development of sleep lines.
Rosacea under the microscope: characteristic histological findings
Authors: Cribier B.
Published: March 2013

Rosacea is a common facial dermatosis that is seldom biopsied; thus, histological aspects have not been well described. Biopsies are generally performed in the presence of atypical symptoms (e.g. granulomas). Differential diagnosis with sarcoidosis, lupus miliaris or lupus erythematosus is another indication for biopsy. There are few published studies addressing the microscopic aspects of rosacea and describing the histological and immunohistochemical features of this disease. While some textbooks consider the microscopic signs of rosacea to be non‐diagnostic, experienced dermatopathologists are generally able to make the diagnosis via histology. This article discusses the specific combinations of histological features that are highly suggestive of rosacea.