bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correcting for digital image correlation speckle inversion at high temperature using color cameras
Authors: Rowley Lindsey J. , Thai Thinh Q. , Jarrett Steven R. , Craig Weston D. , Dewanjee Prasenjit , Berke Ryan B.
Published: August 2022

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a popular, noncontacting technique to measure full-field deformation by using cameras to track the motion of an applied surface pattern. Because it is noncontacting, DIC can be performed for extreme temperature applications (e.g., hot-fire rocket testing of carbon composite rocket nozzles) under harsh conditions during which bonded gauges are damaged. Speckle pattern inversion is a phenomenon that sometimes occurs while performing high-temperature DIC. During speckle pattern inversion, portions of the surface pattern that were initially darker at room temperature (e.g., graphite) may emit more light due to blackbody radiation than the portions that were initially paler, thereby producing images in which the pattern appears inverted at high temperature relative to the initial pattern at room temperature. This phenomenon can prevent the correlation algorithm from being able to resolve the displacements between images. This work compares three methods to mitigate speckle pattern inversion: (A) the subtraction method, a recently-published technique in which two high-temperature images are subtracted to remove unwanted light; (B) the filtering method, a popular technique in which optical bandpass filters screen out unwanted light; and (C) the histogram rescaling method, a proposed new method that pairs a color camera with a blue light source and uses information from the green sensor of the camera to correct against inversion in the blue sensor through postprocessing. The histogram rescaling method is shown to successfully eliminate speckle pattern inversion and has the added advantages that it does not require quasi-static loading to be able to compensate for speckle pattern inversion, nor does it impose thick-glass distortions caused by the optical filter.
Quantitative dynamic cellular imaging based on 3D unwrapped optically computed phase microscopy
Authors: Liu Xuan , Liu Yuwei , Wan Zhaoxiong , Gunasekar Arun Kumar , Zhang Yuanwei
Published: August 2022

We investigate continuous observation of dynamic phenomena through quantitative phase microscopy. We conduct imaging studies using optically computed phase microscopy, a novel imaging technology developed in our lab, to the best of our knowledge. Inevitably, continuous phase imaging is affected by phase wrapping artifacts, which affects correct quantification of sample dynamics. To address this issue, we develop a 3D unwrapping method that exploits data correlation in space as well as in time. We validate our 3D phase unwrapping method using simulated data. We further validate 3D phase unwrapping using experimental data and demonstrate quantitative phase imaging that accurately characterizes sample dynamics. We image the nanoscale motion of the sample actuated by a piezo transducer (PZT). We calculate the displacement using 3D unwrapped phase, and the result is consistent with the known motion of the PZT. We also image live cells that were detaching from the substrate of the petri dish. The optical path length calculated using 3D unwrapped phase increases as the dry mass of the cell becomes more concentrated during the detachment process.
Adaptive optics system for a short wavelength mid-IR laser based on a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and analysis of thermal noise impacts
Authors: Zhou Huang , Pilar Jan , Smrz Martin , Chen Liyuan , Čech Miroslav , Mocek Tomas
Published: August 2022

We present an adaptive optics (AO) system for a 1.94-µm laser source. Our system consists of a home-made Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and silver-coated bimorph deformable mirror operating in a closed-loop control scheme. The wavefront sensor used an uncooled vapor phase deposition PbSe focal-plane array for the actual light sensing. An effect of thermal afterimage was found to be reducing the centroid detection precision significantly. The effect was analyzed in detail and finally has been dealt with by updating the background calibration. System stability was increased by reduction of control modes. The system functionality and stability were demonstrated by improved focal spot quality. By replacing some of the used optics, the range of the demonstrated mid-IR AOS could be extended to cover the spectral range of 1–5 µm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first AO system built specifically for mid-IR laser wavefront correction.
Improved one-dimensional dilation-based top-hat algorithm for star segmentation under complicated background conditions
Authors: Ding Jianqun , Dai Dongkai , Tan Wenfeng , Wang Xingshu , Qin Shiqiao
Published: August 2022

The white top-hat
transformation has been widely used in small bright target extraction.
It usually applies an erosion operation to remove the target and then
a dilation operation to recover the intensity of the processed image.
A bright target will be extracted by subtracting the opening operation
(erosion followed by dilation) from the raw image. The drawback of
this method is that its denoising ability is poor because the
estimated background threshold by an opening operation is smaller than
the raw image. This study puts forward the viewpoint that by use of a
proposed one-dimensional (1D) symmetrical line-shaped structuring
element a bright target can also be removed by the dilation operation.
Consequently, the white top-hat transformation can be implemented by
subtracting only the dilation operation from the raw image. To the
best knowledge of the authors, it is the first time to use this method
to achieve the top-hat transformation. The simulation experiment shows
that the proposed 1D top-hat algorithm has excellent performance in
denoising ability and detection ability. Moreover, real night
experiments demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can work reliably
under both complicated background conditions and good weather
conditions. It is noticeable that the performance of computational
efficiency and resource consumption have been considerably improved
because a 1D structuring element is employed and the erosion operation
is not included.
The SSSS scheme: a method for calculating multiple scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a collection of sparsely spaced spherical scatterers of Mie-scattering size based on first principles
Authors: Haspel Carynelisa , Cohen Idan
Published: August 2022

We present a method for calculating multiple scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a collection of sparsely spaced spherical scatterers (SSSS) of Mie-scattering size based on first principles rather than radiative transfer theory. In this respect, our methodology is conceptually similar to the superpositionT-matrix method. However, our implementation, which we call the SSSS scheme, differs in a number of respects. Overall, the SSSS scheme is simpler, it is better suited numerically to sparse spacing, and the computer memory required is only linearly dependent on the total number of scatterers. We suggest that the SSSS scheme would be particularly useful for examining the effects of different spatial configurations of drops within water clouds in Earth’s atmosphere and would also be useful in other fields of research in which the exact configuration of a collection of sparsely spaced Mie-sized scatterers is important.
Single-order focus multilayer Laue lens
Authors: Ji Bin , Yue Shuaipeng , Zhou Liang , Chang Guangcai
Published: August 2022

A novel sinusoidal multilayer Laue lens (MLL) in the hard X-ray region is proposed, to the best of our knowledge. The theoretical design shows that the structure function of the MLL is a sine function of the radius such as that of a sinusoidal transmission zone plate. A numerical simulation at the energy of 12 and 24 keV reveals that the MLL can suppress higher-order diffractions effectively, the characteristic of single-order diffraction with spatial resolution is the same as that of the corresponding classical MLL, and the MLL can achieve the first-order diffraction efficiency of 6.8% at 12 and 8.7% at 24 keV. The sinusoidal MLL can also work for single-order focusing at other energies.
Rapid polishing process for the x ray reflector
Authors: Yin Lianmin , Lin Zhifan , Hu Hao , Dai Yifan
Published: August 2022

X ray mirrors are symmetrical workpieces along the length and width and are widely used in various optical systems. Unlike the center-symmetric circular mirror, it is more difficult to suppress the edge effect of the x ray mirror during the polishing process, which greatly limits the polishing accuracy and polishing efficiency. Based on this, the unique edge effect of x ray mirrors is investigated in depth in this paper. First, the causes and distribution laws of the edge effect of the x ray mirror were obtained by analyzing the inherent structure of the computer controlled optical surface (CCOS) and the motion trajectory of the polishing tool. Second, a mathematical model was established based on the material removal states of different regions on the x ray mirror. Finally, a combined polishing process based on the influence function of different shaped tools is proposed and experimentally verified. The results show that the edge effect on the x ray mirror is significantly weakened and its surface errors peak to valley (PV) and RMS are increased by 21.5 times and 47.9 times, respectively. This indicates that the combined polishing process has a good suppression effect on the edge effect of the x ray mirror.
Electrically tunable metasurface for dual-band spatial light modulation using the epsilon-near-zero effect
Authors: Bhowmik Tanmay , Sikdar Debabrata
Published: August 2022

Electro-tunable metasurfaces have attracted much attention for the active control of incident light at the nanoscale by engineering sub-wavelength meta-atoms. In this Letter, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a grating-assisted dual-band metasurface for spatial light modulation is reported that can operate in two crucial telecommunication wavelength bands, i.e., C-band and O-band. The proposed device consists of a silicon-nitride nanograting on top of a silicon–indium-tin-oxide (ITO)–alumina–gold stack. Effective medium theory combined with a modal analysis is used to study the guided-mode resonance dips at 1.55 µm and 1.31 µm in the reflectance spectra. We leverage the epsilon-near-zero effect of ITO by applying an external bias voltage to introduce large modal loss, which leads to the disappearance of the resonance dips at those wavelengths. We obtain a high modulation depth of ∼22.3 dB at 1.55 µm and ∼19.5 dB at 1.31 µm with an applied bias of –4 V and –5 V, respectively. Thus, the proposed metasurface may help to realize dual-band active nanophotonic devices.
Next-generation silicon photonics: introduction
Authors: Dai Daoxin , Liang Di , Cheben Pavel
Published: August 2022

In the past decade, silicon photonics has been making tremendous progress in terms of device functionality and performances as well as circuit integration for many practical applications ranging from communication, sensing, and information processing. This special issue, including four review articles and nine research articles, aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this exciting field. They offer a collective summary of recent progresses, in-depth discussions of the state-of-the-art, and insights into forthcoming developments that are well poised to drive silicon photonics technology into its next generation.
Prevalence, determinants and attitude towards herbal medicine use in the first trimester of pregnancy in Cameroon: A survey in 20 hospitals
Authors: Leke Aminkeng Zawuo , Dolk Helen , Loane Maria , Casson Karen , Maboh Nkwati Michel , Maeya Susan Etta , Dibo Lerry , Nyenti Pauline Bessem , Obale Armstrong , Etiendem Derick
Published: August 2022

To examine the prevalence, determinants and attitude towards herbal medication (HM) use in the first trimester of pregnancy in Cameroon women. Between March to August 2015, we surveyed 795 pregnant women attending 20 randomly selected urban or rural hospitals in South West Cameroon on first trimester orthodox medication (OM) and HM use. Data was obtained by interviews using structured questionnaires. First trimester HM use was reported by 293 (36∙9%) women, 76% of whom used it in combination with OM. The most frequent indication for taking HM was prevention/treatment of anaemia (26∙3%). The HM were usually self-prescribed (33∙3%) or by family (56∙2%), and obtained from the woman’s own garden (69∙3%). Twenty percent of women believed that HM was always safe to take in pregnancy, compared to 69.3% for OM. Intake of HM was significantly influenced by women’s opinion on OM or HM safety—the odds of taking HM was 3 time higher among women who were unsure about the safety of OM (AOR: 3∙0, 95%CI = 1∙5–6∙1), while women who thought HM were never safe or who were unsure about its safety, were 91% or 84% respectively less likely to take HM compared to women who believed HM were always safe. We identified a high prevalence of HM use and concomitant use with OM, strongly influenced by women’s perception of HM and OM safety. These findings indicate the need for WHO to specifically address safety in pregnancy in its policy to integrate traditional medicine use into existing healthcare systems in Africa.
An exploratory study to characterize the HIV testing-to-care continuum to improve outcomes for Black and Latinx residents of South Los Angeles
Authors: McAndrew Breann M. , Gil Noemi , Lee David P. , Teklehaimanot Senait , Schrode Katrina M. , Bailey Shanelle , Jordan Wilbert , Spencer LaShonda Y. , Rothman Ellen , Harawa Nina T. , Daniels Joseph
Published: August 2022

Background

South Los Angeles (SPA6), with mostly Black (27.4%) and Latinx (68.2%) residents, has the second highest rates of new HIV diagnoses (31 per 100,000) in Los Angeles County. However, there is limited understanding of the HIV testing-to-care continuum among newly diagnosed in this setting.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory study that analyzed de-identified data, including demographic characteristics and biomedical outcomes, from the electronic medical records of individuals newly diagnosed with HIV from 2016–2020 at the only public safety-net, county-run health department HIV clinic in SPA 6. We used Pearson Chi-square and Fisher’s Exact test to explore associations with HIV outcomes and a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to assess the time to linkage to care.

Results

A total of 281 patients were identified. The majority (74.1%) presented with a baseline CD4 <500, many of which presented with a CD4<200 (39.2%). We found twice as many newly diagnosed Black individuals in our study population (48.2%) when compared to LAC (23%), despite only accounting for 27.4% of residents in SPA 6. The majority were linked to care within 30 days of positive test and prescribed anti-retroviral therapy. Viral suppression (59.8%) and undetectable VL (52.6%) were achieved within the year following diagnosis, with 9.3% lost to follow-up. Of those who became virally suppressed, 20.7% experienced viral rebound within the year following diagnosis.

Conclusion

The large proportion of patients with a baseline CD4 <500 raises concerns about late diagnoses. Despite high rates of linkage to care and ART prescription, achievement of sustained viral suppression remains low with high rates of viral rebound. Longitudinal studies are needed to understand the barriers to early testing, retention in care, and treatment adherence to develop strategies and interventions with community organizations that respond to the unique needs of people living with HIV in South Los Angeles.
Does E-commerce participation increase the use intensity of organic fertilizers in fruit production?–Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Cuicui , Wang Hua , Xia Chunping , Ali Abdelrahman
Published: August 2022

Commerce has had positive impacts on the whole agri-food value chain at different stages, it was developed rapidly in rural China in the past few years. E-commerce participation can promote the use intensity of organic fertilizers (OF) and this could achieve many benefits for different stakeholders including ensuring food safety, positive environmental impacts and promoting the adoption of green production technologies. Therefore, this study has used primary data collected from 733 fruit farmers in rural China to explore the impact of e-commerce participation on fruit farmers’ use intensity of (OF). Unlike previous studies investigating the dichotomous decision of (OF) adoption, this study captures the use intensity of (OF) from both input quantity and cost aspects. We employed an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model to address selectivity bias caused by observed and unobserved factors. The results show that e-commerce participation significantly increases the use intensity of (OF) in input quantity and cost by 19.48% and 29.50%, respectively. Heterogeneous analysis further reveals that compared to fruit farmers with a low e-commerce participation level, fruit farmers with a high e-commerce participation level have higher (OF) use intensity. The findings also show that risk preference, human capital, cultivated area, cooperative membership and government restraint mechanisms positively and significantly affect the probability of fruit farmers’ participation in e-commerce and fruit farmers’ use intensity of (OF). The results emphasize that e-commerce promotion is an efficient way to encourage farmers to adopt (OF), which help improve product quality and promote sustainable agricultural development.
On the use of discrete-time quantum walks in decision theory
Authors: Chen Ming , Ferro Giuseppe M. , Sornette Didier
Published: August 2022

We present a short review of discrete-time quantum walks (DTQW) as a potentially useful and rich formalism to model human decision-making. We present a pedagogical introduction of the underlying formalism and main structural properties. We suggest that DTQW are particularly suitable for combining the two strands of literature on evidence accumulator models and on the quantum formalism of cognition. Due to the additional spin degree of freedom, models based on DTQW allow for a natural modeling of model choice and confidence rating in separate bases. Levels of introspection and self-assessment during choice deliberations can be modeled by the introduction of a probability for measurement of either position and/or spin of the DTQW, where each measurement act leads to a partial decoherence (corresponding to a step towards rationalization) of the deliberation process. We show how quantum walks predict observed probabilistic misperception like S-shaped subjective probability and conjunction fallacy. Our framework emphasizes the close relationship between response times and type of preferences and of responses. In particular, decision theories based on DTQW do not need to invoke two systems (“fast” and “slow”) as in dual process theories. Within our DTQW framework, the two fast and slow systems are replaced by a single system, but with two types of self-assessment or introspection. The “thinking fast” regime is obtained with no or little self-assessment, while the “thinking slow” regime corresponds to a strong rate of self-assessment. We predict a trade-off between speed and accuracy, as empirically reported.
Unfolding the mitochondrial genome structure of green semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta Walker): An emerging pest of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: P. S. Soumia , Shirsat Dhananjay V. , Krishna Ram , G. Guru Pirasanna Pandi , Choudhary Jaipal S. , Naaz Naiyar , V. Karuppaiah , Gedam Pranjali A. , S. Anandhan , Singh Major
Published: August 2022

Onion is the most important crop challenged by a diverse group of insect pests in the agricultural ecosystem. The green semilooper (Chrysodeixis acuta Walker), a widespread tomato and soybean pest, has lately been described as an emergent onion crop pest in India. C. acuta whole mitochondrial genome was sequenced in this work. The circular genome of C. acuta measured 15,743 base pairs (bp) in length. Thirteen protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and one control region were found in the 37 sequence elements. With an average 395 bp gene length, the maximum and minimum gene length observed was 1749 bp and 63 bp of nad5 and trnR, respectively. Nine of the thirteen PCGs have (ATN) as a stop codon, while the other four have a single (T) as a stop codon. Except for trnS1, all of the tRNAs were capable of producing a conventional clover leaf structure. Conserved ATAGA motif sequences and poly-T stretch were identified at the start of the control region. Six overlapping areas and 18 intergenic spacer regions were found, with sizes ranged from 1 to 20 bp and 1 to 111 bp correspondingly. Phylogenetically, C. acuta belongs to the Plusiinae subfamily of the Noctuidae superfamily, and is closely linked to Trichoplusia ni species from the same subfamily. In the present study, the emerging onion pest C. acuta has its complete mitochondrial genome sequenced for the first time.
Evidence of new strains of Wolbachia symbiont colonising semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Gerroidea) in mangrove environment of the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Conjard Suzanne , Meyer Damien F. , Aprelon Rosalie , Pagès Nonito , Gros Olivier
Published: August 2022

WolbachiaHertig, 1936 is an intracellular bacterial symbiont colonizing many arthropods. Of the studies done on the bacteria present in the superfamily Gerroidea Leach, 1815, no report ofWolbachiainfection had yet been made. Thus, we checked the presence ofWolbachiain six Gerroidea species which colonize tropical aquatic environments by PCR usingwspprimer set before sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Insects were collected in the marine fringe of mangroves, in river estuaries, in swampy mangroves, and in ponds from Guadeloupe islands (Caribbean). Two new strains ofWolbachiawere detected in these Gerroidea. They were namedwLfran andwRmang. Thewspsequences suggest that the strains belong to the already described E supergroup or similar.wLfran is present inLimnogonus franciscanusStål, 1859 andRheumatobates trinitatis(China, 1943) whilewRmang appears to be present exclusively inR.mangrovensis(China, 1943). Three other species were analysed, but did not appear to be infected:Brachymetra albinerva(Amyot & Serville, 1843),Halobates micansEschscheltz, 1822, andMicrovelia pulchellaWestwood, 1834. The results presented here highlight for the first time the presence of new intracellularWolbachiastrains in Gerroidea colonising tropical aquatic environments like mangrove habitats from inlands to sea shore.
Human neural stem cells drug product: Microsatellite instability analysis
Authors: Grespi Valentina , Caprera Cecilia , Ricciolini Claudia , Bicchi Ilaria , Muzi Gianmarco , Corsi Matteo , Ascani Stefano , Vescovi Angelo Luigi , Gelati Maurizio
Published: August 2022

Introduction

In central nervous system neurodegenerative disorders, stem cell-based therapies should be considered as a promising therapeutic approach. The safe use of human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs) for the treatment of several neurological diseases is currently under evaluation of phase I/II clinical trials. Clinical application of hNSCs require the development of GMP standardized protocols capable of generating high quantities of reproducible and well characterized stem cells bearing stable functional and genetic properties.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible instabilities or modifications of the microsatellite loci in different culture passages because high culture passages represent an in vitro replicative stress leading to senescence.

Experimental method: The hNSCs were characterized at different culture time points, from passage 2 to passage 25, by genetic typing at ten microsatellite loci.

Conclusion

We showed that genetic stability at microsatellite loci is maintained by the cells even at high passages adding a further demonstration of the safety of our hNSCs GMP culture method.
Citizen science and expert opinion working together to understand the impacts of climate change
Authors: Garcia-Rojas Maria Isabel , Keatley Marie R. , Roslan Nadiah
Published: August 2022

In the absence of historical information on phenology available in Australia, expert opinion was used for selecting indicator species that would be suitable for monitoring phenology on a continental scale as part of ClimateWatch—a citizen science program.Jacaranda mimosifoliabeing the most frequently observed species was used in this study to test expert opinion and the adequacy of citizen science records in detecting the influence of climatic conditions on this species’ flowering phenology. Generalised Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape were used to explore the occurrence and intensity of flowering of Jacaranda in relation to rainfall, temperature, and sun exposure. Jacaranda flowering onset was influenced by winter cold exposure, while flowering intensity was related to increasing sun exposure as spring progresses, and both were influenced by the conditions for flowering in the former flowering seasons (i.e., sun exposure and highest temperatures reached, respectively). Our models provide the first attempt to describe the climate drivers forJacaranda mimosifoliaflowering in the southern hemisphere and identify where climatic changes will most likely alter this tree’s phenology in Australia and benefit or challenge its reproductive ability. They also support the choice of species for citizen science programs based on expert opinion.
Tuberculosis-specific antigen stimulated and unstimulated interferon-γ for tuberculous meningitis diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Fangyu , Qiu Xia , Yu Mingjing , Huang Yan
Published: August 2022

Objective

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most devastating TB. Accurate identification of TBM is helpful to eliminate TB. Therefore, we assessed the performance of TBAg stimulated IFN-γ (IGRA) and unstimulated IFN-γ in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnosing TBM.

Methods

We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases until March 2022. Bivariate and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic models were employed to compute summary estimates for diagnostic accuracy parameters of IGRA and unstimulated IFN-γ in blood and CSF for diagnosing TBM.

Results

28 studies including 1,978 participants and 2,641 samples met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and area under the curve (AUROC) of blood IGRA were separately as 0.73, 0.83, 4.32, 0.33, 13.22 and 0.86, indicating a good diagnostic accuracy of blood IGRA for detecting TBM. The summary sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUROC of CSF IGRA were separately as 0.77, 0.91, 8.82, 0.25, 34.59 and 0.93, indicating good diagnostic accuracy of CSF IGRA for detecting TBM. The summary sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR and AUROC of CSF IFN-γ were separately as 0.86, 0.92, 10.27, 0.16, 65.26 and 0.95, suggesting CSF IFN-γ provided excellent accuracy for diagnosing TBM.

Conclusions

For differentiating TBM from non-TBM individuals, blood and CSF IGRA are good assays and unstimulated CSF IFN-γ is an auxiliary excellent marker.
The application of allostasis and allostatic load in animal species: A scoping review
Authors: Seeley Kathryn E. , Proudfoot Kathryn L. , Edes Ashley N.
Published: August 2022

Principles of allostasis and allostatic load have been widely applied in human research to assess the impacts of chronic stress on physiological dysregulation. Over the last few decades, researchers have also applied these concepts to non-human animals. However, there is a lack of uniformity in how the concept of allostasis is described and assessed in animals. The objectives of this review were to: 1) describe the extent to which the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load are applied theoretically to animals, with a focus on which taxa and species are represented; 2) identify when direct assessments of allostasis or allostatic load are made, which species and contexts are represented, what biomarkers are used, and if an allostatic load index was constructed; and 3) detect gaps in the literature and identify areas for future research. A search was conducted using CABI, PubMed, Agricola, and BIOSIS databases, in addition to a complementary hand-search of 14 peer-reviewed journals. Search results were screened, and articles that included non-human animals, as well as the terms “allostasis” or “allostatic” in the full text, were included. A total of 572 articles met the inclusion criteria (108 reviews and 464 peer-reviewed original research). Species were represented across all taxa. A subset of 63 publications made direct assessments of allostatic load. Glucocorticoids were the most commonly used biomarker, and were the only biomarker measured in 25 publications. Only six of 63 publications (9.5%) constructed an allostatic load index, which is the preferred methodology in human research. Although concepts of allostasis and allostatic load are being applied broadly across animal species, most publications use single biomarkers that are more likely indicative of short-term rather than chronic stress. Researchers are encouraged to adopt methodologies used in human research, including the construction of species-specific allostatic load indexes.
Skill deficits among foreign-educated immigrants: Evidence from the U.S. PIAAC
Authors: Richwine Jason
Published: August 2022

Researchers have long observed that foreign-educated immigrants earn lower wages and hold less-skilled jobs than U.S. natives who have the same level of educational attainment, but the reasons for the disparity have been less clear. This paper tests the hypothesis favored by the human capital model of earnings and employment–namely, that foreign-educated immigrants struggle in the U.S. labor market primarily because they possess fewer marketable skills than workers with U.S. degrees. Standardized tests administered as part of the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies reveal that foreign-educated immigrants score 0.82 and 0.54 standard deviations lower on measures of literacy and numeracy, respectively, compared to natives who have the same age and educational attainment. The gaps remain significant after controlling for self-assessed English reading ability. When these skill measures are incorporated into regression analyses, the wage and skilled-employment penalties experienced by foreign-educated immigrants fall by half or more, providing strong evidence for the human capital model. However, this analysis cannot rule out additional explanatory factors, such as legal and social obstacles that foreign-educated immigrants may face.
‘A girl is Arya Stark from Winterfell’: The monomyth as a feminist journey in Game of Thrones
Authors: Fernández-Morales Marta , Menéndez-Menéndez María Isabel
Published: August 2022

Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces is a classic for the analysis of the archetypal hero’s journey, and contemporary TV series use his monomyth to elaborate character profiles. Such is the case of the corpus of our work: Game of Thrones, the TV adaptation of George R. R. Martin’s saga A Song of Ice and Fire. Amid the multiple relevant figures in Game of Thrones, this article takes Arya Stark as the object of study to discuss questions of representation and gender in contemporary TV. Our method comprises the close reading of Arya’s narrative arc and our main unit of analysis is the gender variable, placed in an intersectional frame. We argue that Arya fits the nuclear structure of the monomyth, but also that she challenges its constrictions, pushes its limits and rewrites some of its elements to create a post-gender version of the Campbellian adventure. Through a succession of extremely intense experiences, Arya is the character that most painstakingly earns and most adamantly vindicates her self-constructed identity in Game of Thrones. Hers, we contend, is a feminist journey that has broken moulds in audio-visual narrative and left a deep trace in the history of contemporary television.
Supergirl: Contemporary feminist reboot of a hapless DC Comic helpmate
Authors: Weinbaum Batya
Published: August 2022

The feminist heroine Supergirl aired in the CW Television Network and the series illustrates how a turn to the past or retro look can create new realities, although not necessarily authentically aligned with its original version. This article shows the evolution of the heroine from the pages of DC Action Comics in May 1943 through different mediums to the present day, discussing the impact of the different times and contexts of writers, producers and audiences.
Television representations and professional femininities: The case of the UK police
Authors: Halliday Sallyann
Published: August 2022

This article explores female occupational identity construction by looking at the issue of media representations of women’s police work in the United Kingdom. The example, television representation, discussed here, is the character of Sergeant Catherine Cawood in Happy Valley, a UK police drama written by a UK-based playwright, Sally Wainwright. As the lead character in Happy Valley, Sergeant Catherine Cawood’s on-screen portrayal will be the focus of the discussion in this article. Building on findings from previous research undertaken by the author, which explored how gendered identities of women police professionals are represented in the media, this article argues that television representations of UK female police work portray a particular form of professional femininity, one which I argue is still highly ‘gendered’, mainly because such representation of women’s police work relies on narratives centred on the effective and competent use of ‘emotional labour’.
On the cyclicity of Kolmogorov polycycles
Authors: Marín David , Villadelprat Jordi
Published: August 2022

In this paper we study planar polynomial Kolmogorov's differential systems

X
μ

{

x
˙

=
f
(
x
,
y
;
μ
)
,

y
˙

=
g
(
x
,
y
;
μ
)
,

with the parameter
μ
varying in an open subset
Λ
⊂

R

N

. Compactifying

X
μ

to the Poincaré disc, the boundary of the first quadrant is an invariant triangle
Γ
, that we assume to be a hyperbolic polycycle with exactly three saddle points at its vertices for all
μ
∈
Λ
.
We are interested in the cyclicity of
Γ
inside the family
{

X
μ

}

μ
∈
Λ

,
i.e., the number of limit cycles that bifurcate from
Γ
as we perturb $\mu.$ In our main result we define three functions that play the same role for the cyclicity of the polycycle as the first three Lyapunov quantities for the cyclicity of a focus. As an application we study two cubic Kolmogorov families, with
N
=
3
and
N
=
5
, and in both cases we are able to determine the cyclicity of the polycycle for all
μ
∈
Λ
,
including those parameters for which the return map along
Γ
is the identity.
On the existence of periodic solutions to second order Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Ke Xiao-Feng , Liao Jia-Feng
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the existence of periodic solutions to the second order Hamiltonian systems is investigated. By introducing a new growth condition which generalizes the Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition, we prove a existence result of nontrivial $T$-periodic solution via the variational methods. Our result is new because it can deal with not only the superquadratic case, but also the anisotropic case which allows the potential to be superquadratic growth in only one direction and asymptotically quadratic growth in other directions.
Dirichlet Problems with Unbalanced Growth and Convection
Authors: Liu Zhenhai , Papageorgiou Nikolaos
Published: August 2022

We consider a double phase Dirichlet problem with a gradient dependent reaction term (convection). Using the theory of nonlinear operators of monotone type, we show the existence of a bounded strictly positive solution. Moreover, we show that the set of these solutions is compact in the corresponding generalized Sobolev–Orlicz space.
Mexican Validation of the MOS Questionnaire on Perceived Social Support in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Departamento de Estudios Culturales, Demográficos y Políticos, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya, México, del Carpio Ovando Perla Shiomara , Robles Estrada Erika ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México, Quintero Hernández Yazmín ,   Departamento de Enfermería Clínica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Celaya-Salvatierra, Celaya, México, Gallegos Miguel ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile,   Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina, Gago Galvagno Lucas G. ,   Facultad de Psicología y Relaciones Humanas, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Caycho-Rodríguez Tomás ,   Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú, Vilca Lindsey W. ,   South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú, Martino Pablo ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina,   Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, Cervigni Mauricio ,   Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina,   Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina, Razumovskiy Anastasia ,   Arizona College of Nursing, Florida, Estados Unidos, Portillo Nelson ,   Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a very negative impact on people’s overall mental health and psychosocial well-being, but the study of available social support to cope with such an adverse situation has received hardly any attention. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the MOS Perceived Social Support Questionnaire among the Mexican population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Non-experimental cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study were applied in a non-probabilistic sample. A total of 898 people from different regions in Mexico, 258 males and 640 females, participated in the study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The analysis yielded a bi-factor model with two factors, Emotional/informational support and Tangible support, with satisfactory goodness of fit indices. Reliability was adequate with a high hierarchical omega coefficient, as well as in the factors. Likewise, the H coefficient was adequate in the general factor and its dimensions. Conclusions: Results showed that the scale is a valid and reliable measure of perceived social support among the Mexican population.
Estudio de la organización temporal y el estrés en maestros jóvenes cubanos
Authors: García Carlos Manuel Osorio , Martínez Zaily Leticia Velázquez , Peña Danger Yanisleidy
Published: August 2022

Las limitaciones en el desarrollo de la organización temporal pueden provocar manifestaciones de estrés que no se atienden de manera oportuna y pueden dañar la salud mental. El artículo analiza las características de la habilidad de organización temporal en tres jóvenes docentes que se desempeñan como docentes de educación primaria en el municipio de Holguín y presentan síntomas de estrés. El paradigma que guía la investigación es cualitativo y la estrategia metodológica se basa en el estudio de casos múltiples. Para la recogida de información se utilizaron las siguientes técnicas: el inventario de estrés diario, el pastel, la composición y la entrevista semiestructurada. Los principales resultados indican que los docentes emplean su tiempo fundamentalmente en el trabajo, la atención a la familia y el trabajo doméstico. Nunca han participado en capacitaciones o pasantías que promuevan el desarrollo de habilidades, por lo que aprendieron de su experiencia e influencia de sus familias. En el proceso, un completo desarrollo de la organización del tiempo que le permite: la ruptura de rutinas, la adecuada combinación de lo importante y lo urgente, etc.; por lo que presentan síntomas de estrés que comprometen su salud mental.
Análise de uma estratégia didática baseada na proposição de mediação em aulas de Biologia
Authors: Ávila Márcia Garcez de , Selau Bento , Rodrigues Júlia Loren dos Santos
Published: August 2022

Pesquisa que visou a analisar as ações que a professora-pesquisadora realizou para organizar uma estratégia didática baseada na proposição Vygotskyana de mediação descrita por Wertsch (2007). Pesquisa aplicada, que utilizou como procedimento metodológico a pesquisa-intervenção do tipo pedagógica. Os sujeitos foram 38 estudantes, de idades entre 16 a 19 anos, alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio; os instrumentos da coleta de dados foram observação participante e análise documental. O procedimento de análise textual discursiva suscitou os resultados que descrevem as diferentes verbalizações realizadas pela professora-pesquisadora em diálogo com os estudantes, com o intuito de estimular o debate e a aprendizagem sobre o conteúdo “impactos ambientais” nas aulas de Biologia. A discussão dos resultados aponta o alcance parcial das estratégias de mediação explícita e implícita.
A atividade de estudo como processo para a apropriação do conhecimento histórico
Authors: Oliveira Mônica do Carmo Apolinário de , Arena Dagoberto Buim
Published: August 2022

Pouco a pouco a defesa de uma prática docente que valoriza as aprendizagens dos estudantes, seus processos de apropriação e objetivação do conhecimento, o desenvolvimento da autonomia e de suas capacidades psíquicas mais complexas vão tomando corpo nos espaços escolares por intermédio de pesquisas orientadoras do ensino-aprendizagem. Este artigo resulta de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no Instituto Federal de Rondônia, campus de Ji-Paraná, durante o segundo semestre de 2019, com estudantes do curso Técnico em Informática Integrado ao Ensino Médio. O objetivo esteve centrado em investigar uma metodologia pedagógica intencional e especificamente planejada para a apropriação do conhecimento histórico pelo viés do pensamento teórico-reflexivo. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Experimento Didático-Formativo de natureza dialógica, organizado em uma atividade de estudo, à luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. A análise dos dados percorreu o caminho do Materialismo Histórico-Dialético, uma vez que a educação é uma prática social e política produzida nas contradições da vida cotidiana em sociedade. A pertinência dessa discussão configura-se na reflexão sobre a atividade de estudo como caminho para desenvolver nos alunos, sob orientação docente, o pensamento teórico-científico, a compreensão de conceitos nos movimentos da sua historicidade, nas relações, contradições e conexões estabelecidas nesse processo.
Organização do Ensino da Educação Física e o Desenvolvimento do Pensamento Teórico dos Estudantes
Authors: Santos Rafael Cesar Ferrari dos , Sforni Marta Sueli de Faria
Published: August 2022

Este artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo investigar condições teórico-metodológicas capazes de gerar, pelo ensino da Educação Física, aprendizagens promotoras do desenvolvimento dos estudantes. Os conceitos teóricos na Educação Física expressam significações que constituem os diferentes fenômenos da cultura corporal, conceitos estes cuja apropriação propicia aos estudantes o desenvolvimento do pensamento teórico e o domínio consciente e voluntário das próprias ações corporais, ou seja, possibilita que a ação corporal deixe de ser imediata e instintiva e passe a ser voluntária e mediada por conceitos teóricos. Como nem todo ensino tem esse potencial formativo, nos perguntamos: como organizar o ensino da Educação Física de modo a promover esse desenvolvimento? Em busca de respostas, realizamos um experimento didático, no qual ações didáticas fundamentadas na Teoria Histórico-Cultural foram desenvolvidas em uma turma do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental, trabalhando conteúdos de um jogo coletivo. Mediante a análise do experimento, concluímos que, na organização do ensino, as ações didáticas que favoreceram que os conceitos teóricos exercessem o papel de mediadores das ações corporais dos estudantes foram: a apresentação de problemas de aprendizagem a serem resolvidos pela mediação dos conceitos em estudo; as discussões coletivas entre estudantes e deles com o professor; o uso da linguagem, no caso, a modelação, como meio para sistematizar relações abstratas presentes na tarefa particular realizada; inclusão de novos problemas que podem ser resolvidos com base na abstração expressa na modelação.
Teoria Histórico-Cultural e suas implicações no Ensino Fundamental: práticas de ensino e aprendizagem
Authors: Freitas Sirley Leite , Zibetti Marli Lúcia Tonatto , Miguel José Carlos
Published: August 2022

Considerando-se a tese vigotskiana segundo a qual “o único bom ensino é o que se adianta ao desenvolvimento” (VIGOTSKII, 2017, p. 114), a efetividade do processo de ensino depende do conteúdo a assimilar, da metodologia de trabalho didático-pedagógico e das formas de organização da atividade de estudo dos discentes. Na realidade escolar atual há grandes desafios a serem enfrentados para a garantia de aprendizagens a todos/as os/as estudantes, mas há também um conhecimento acumulado a nos possibilitar ampla reflexão de forma a definir alguns encaminhamentos voltados à transformação dessa realidade. As teorias filosóficas-pedagógicas compreendem a relação de desenvolvimento, aprendizagem e meio social de maneiras diferenciadas. “A teoria histórico-cultural entende que o desenvolvimento é uma possibilidade que depende das relações sociais. [...] e é na ação do sujeito e na sua relação com o meio que se promove a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento humano”. (FREITAS, FREITAS; SANTOS, 2022, p. 51). Neste sentido, dentre os constructos, de natureza teórico-prática, os relacionados à Teoria Histórico-Cultural nos parecem propiciar horizontes promissores para a desejável articulação teoria-prática, para a produção de sentidos de aprendizagem, para a negociação de significados da ciência em todas as áreas de conhecimento e para a apropriação e construção do conhecimento teórico.
Sistema territorial de innovación de ñame en los Montes de María, Colombia
Authors: Arias Robles M. E. , Loaiza Echeverri A. M.
Published: August 2022

Con el objetivo de analizar el relacionamiento de los actores como sistema territorial de innovación de la Alianza Público-Privada (APP) de ñame (Dioscorea spp) en la subregión de los Montes de María, se realizó en 2019 un muestreo no probabilístico para aplicar encuestas y mapear las redes de innovación. Los resultados evidenciaron que la cooperación internacional juega un papel clave en la integración de los actores del sistema territorial de innovación estudiado, mientras que las instituciones de soporte podrían adquirir un papel más activo para fortalecer los procesos de transferencia tecnológica con las comunidades locales, para impulsar la co-innovación. Lo anterior permitirá la mejora de la autogestión del conocimiento tácito y explícito en la cadena de valor para el incremento competitivo, la sostenibilidad y adaptabilidad del sistema a los cambios del entorno.