bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The politics of temporal sovereignty and the subaltern MA
Authors: Valentine Jeremy
Published: May 2019

This paper explains the emergence of an MA in Culture and Creative Enterprise at a Scottish University by locating it within a policy context characterised by the attempt of the Scottish Government to establish ‘temporal sovereignty’ through ‘fast policy’. The argument of the paper is that the MA is an outcome of the Scottish Government’s attempt to establish the sovereignty of a ‘future present’ over political and economic temporalities through the inscription of the figure of the entrepreneur in economic, educational and cultural policy. The paper demonstrates that the MA acts as a subaltern vehicle for that project and uses conceptual and empirical research to critically analyse the politics of the entrepreneur within it. The paper concludes with a discussion of the extent to which that policy assemblage has unravelled.
Teaching ‘tacit knowledge' in cultural and creative industries to international students
Authors: Gu Xin , O'Connor Justin
Published: May 2019

Universities in Australia – as in many other Anglophone countries – have benefited from an influx of full fee paying international students. Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) as an increasingly desirable career for these students and associated with rising state investment has given Anglophone universities the privilege in this international educational market. The disembeddedness of these students from very different urban context impact further their learning experiences. The unprecedented growth of ‘internationals’ has also put the curriculum at odds with its original intent based on tacit knowledge training targeting local professionals. The Master of Cultural and Creative Industries at Monash University is illustrative of this multiplicity of conflicts and tensions. Via the two field trip units designed based on ‘experiential learning', the model for tacit learning, we lay out how conflicts on fundamental cultural values have been important in our course design as part of acquiring ‘a special kind of city knowledge'.
The university as intermediary for the creative economy: Pedagogues, policy-makers and creative workers in the curriculum
Authors: Harte Dave , Long Paul , Naudin Annette
Published: May 2019

This article examines the nature and role of courses designed to train creative workers, policy-makers and related actors, in the skills necessary for cultural management, enterprise or intermediation and their relationship in apprehending the sector. The article takes a case study approach, engaging with university policy, student research, reflections from graduates and staff who have participated in a suite of integrated MA awards at a UK university. We find that the programme created environments in which practitioners and intermediaries were positioned in reflexive relation to their experiences and roles. We outline the insights and understandings that have emerged as students explored their own orbits in relation to both critical and instrumental research on the cultural sector, and in relation to perceptions of the transformations in sector and how it is conceived. The case study sets out an agenda for exploring the relationship of research, pedagogy and practice after the creative industries.
Advanced glycation end product carboxymethyl-lysine and risk of incident peripheral artery disease in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Garg Parveen K , Biggs Mary L , Barzilay Joshua , Djousse Luc , Hirsch Calvin , Ix Joachim H , Kizer Jorge R , Tracy Russell P , Newman Anne B , Siscovick David S , Mukamal Kenneth J
Published: May 2019

Carboxymethyl-lysine is an advanced glycation end product that is detectable in the serum. Higher carboxymethyl-lysine levels have been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. We determined whether high carboxymethyl-lysine levels are also associated with the risk of peripheral artery disease in Cardiovascular Health Study participants who were all aged 65 years and older at baseline. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association of baseline carboxymethyl-lysine levels with incident peripheral artery disease in 3267 individuals followed for a median length of 10.0 years. A total of 157 cases of incident peripheral artery disease occurred during follow-up. No significant relationship between carboxymethyl-lysine and risk of peripheral artery disease was found (hazard ratio per standard deviation increment = 1.03; 95% confidence interval = 0.87, 1.23).
A cognitive occupation-based programme for people with multiple sclerosis: A new occupational therapy cognitive rehabilitation intervention
Authors: Hynes Sinéad M , Forwell Susan
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Cognitive difficulties have been reported to have the greatest effect on function and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis, affecting 50–60% of people. To date, few interventions have been developed to treat cognitive issues in multiple sclerosis. Here we report on a Cognitive Occupation-Based programme (COB-MS) for people with Multiple Sclerosis an evidence-based intervention to address everyday problems encountered due to cognitive difficulties. The aim of this research was to explore the views of people with multiple sclerosis and occupational therapists on the programme and its potential implementation in practice.

Methods

Data were elicited from a purposive sample of 12 people from two stakeholder groups, people with multiple sclerosis (n = 5) and occupational therapists (n = 7), through focus groups and interviews. The programme and related materials were presented, and contributions recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results

Two main themes were identified from analysis of the data: response to the intervention and challenges to implementing the programme. Occupational therapists agreed that the COB-MS is client-centred. People with multiple sclerosis thought that it was a validating intervention. The overall format was viewed to be useful and feasible.

Conclusion

The COB-MS for people with Multiple Sclerosis is the first known cognitive intervention using an occupation frame of reference to address difficulties faced among persons with multiple sclerosis and was found to be timely and relevant to the needs of the population.
Asymmetry between the dominant and non-dominant legs in the lower limb biomechanics during single-leg landings in females
Authors: Wang Junqing , Fu Weijie
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the effects of asymmetry on kinematics, kinetics, and changes in the center of pressure of the dominant and non-dominant legs during single-leg landings in female athletes. Fifteen healthy female collegiate soccer players performed dominant and non-dominant single-leg landings from a height of 40 cm. The three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremities were collected simultaneously with a 16-camera motion capture system and one force platform, respectively. Moreover, joint angle, joint range of motion, ground reaction force, joint moment, center-of-pressure, and absolute symmetry index (ASI%) were analyzed. Results corroborated that the range of motion in the knee and hip joints were significantly lower in the non-dominant than in the dominant leg. Meanwhile, the non-dominant leg exhibited higher medial–lateral center-of-pressure displacement than did the dominant leg. In addition, the ASI% for the peak ground reaction force and the loading rate exceeded 10% (peak ground reaction force: 11.31%, loading rate: 19.28%), which indicated asymmetry between the two legs during the single-leg landing impact. The findings also imply that for the female soccer players, the risk of injury (e.g. anterior cruciate ligament injury) can be higher in the non-dominant than in the dominant leg during unilateral dynamic movements.
Unmanned surface vessel heading control of model-free adaptive method with variable integral separated and proportion control
Authors: Jiang Quanquan , Liao Yulei , Li Ye , Miao Yugang , Jiang Wen , Cheng Changsheng
Published: May 2019

Based on model-free adaptive control theory, the heading control problem of unmanned surface vessels under uncertain influence is explored. Firstly, the problems of compact form dynamic linearization model-free adaptive control method applied to unmanned surface vessel heading control are analyzed. Secondly, by introducing proportional control and variable integral separation factor, an variable integral separation model-free adaptive control algorithm with proportional control is proposed. The introduction of proportional control and variable integral separation factor solves the problems of oscillation, instability, and integral saturation when rudder angle is controlled directly to control the heading of unmanned surface vessel with compact form dynamic linearization model-free adaptive control method. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by the simulation and field experiments results of heading control with model perturbation and system time delay in unmanned surface vessel heading subsystem.
Correlation between stability and energy variations in control strategies for mobile base robot with manipulators subjected to external disturbances
Authors: Son Changman
Published: May 2019

The correlation between stability and energy variations in control strategies for a mobile base robot with manipulators subjected to external disturbances is introduced. The correlation results can be used to stabilize and control problems when a mobile base robot is subjected to various types of external disturbances. This is because different robot system energy values display different stability distribution curves. Mobile base robot stability based on varying system’s energy is described. Two control strategies, computed force/torque and adaptive compensators, are applied to minimize uncertainties accompanied by the robot’s movements. The two compensators are then compared by simulating applied external disturbances, such as mobile base tipping motion and load mass changes on the robot end-effector. A comprehensive comparison with other methods is also described. The proposed technique is a useful tool in the maintenance of the degree of control and stability of the system and has various applications in the mobile robot tasks including choosing and placing operations, maneuvering around the workspace with protruding obstacles on sinuous shape paths, and manufacturing tasks.
Transnational news media coverage of distant suffering in the Syrian civil war: An analysis of CNN, Al-Jazeera English and Sputnik online news
Authors: Zhang Xu , Luther Catherine A.
Published: May 2019

This study analyzed news stories published on the online sites of CNN, Al-Jazeera English, and Sputnik to investigate how the transnational news outlets framed the human suffering associated with the Syrian war. Unlike prior studies that have tended to be based on traditional nation-state paradigms, this research approached the analysis from a cosmopolitan perspective. The findings revealed that in concert with standard journalistic routines and news values, all three news outlets commonly employed a mass death and displacement frame to depict human suffering inside Syria. The adoption of this frame suggests that in telling the story of human suffering, the three media outlets focused on brief facts and shocking statistics without detailed depictions of the human suffering. The meager presence of a cosmopolitan outlook in the news coverage indicates that although transnational media target a global audience with English as Lingua Franca, they cannot be completely independent of geopolitics.
A New Prenylated Isoflavonoid From Limonium leptophyllum
Authors: Dizamatova Asset , Zhumanova Kamila , Zhusupova Galiya E. , Zhussupova Aizhan I. , Srivedavyasasri Radhakrishnan , Ibrahim Mohamed A. , Ross Samir A.
Published: May 2019

Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract of Limonium leptophyllum (Plumbaginaceae), led to the isolation of 1 new isoflavonoid with a rare 5-membered dihydrofuran ring (1, leptoisoflavone A) and 8 known compounds. The known isolated compounds were identified as euchrenone b9 (2), auriculasin (3), kaempferol (4), avicularoside (5), myricetin-3-arabinoside (6), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (7), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (8), and β-sitosterol (9). The crude methanolic extract exhibited moderate activity toward endocannabinoid receptors. Auriculasin (3) showed activity toward cannabinoid receptor type 1 (86.7% displacement with IC50 8.92 μM).
A First Approach to the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Guinea-Bissau Propolis
Authors: Falcão Soraia I. , Lopes Mélissa , Vilas-Boas Miguel
Published: May 2019

Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins collected by honeybees and used in the beehive as a construction and defensive material. The broad spectrum of biological activities is dependent on the chemical diversity of its composition which is determined by the floral sources at the site of collection. For the first time, the chemical composition of Guinean propolis as well as its physicochemical properties, phenolic composition, and antioxidant activity was assessed. Eight compounds were identified through LC/DAD/ESI-MS n , mostly isoflavonoids, resembling Nigerian and Brazilian red propolis from the genus Dalbergia.
High-Dose 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Warfarin-Induced Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Merchan Cristian , Ahuja Tania , Raco Veronica , Lewis Ariane
Published: May 2019

Background and Purpose:

The ideal dosing regimen of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4FPCC) after warfarin-induced intracranial hemorrhage (WICH) remains unclear. We sought to compare the safety and efficacy of the 4FPCC package insert dosing strategy (standard dose [SD]) with our institutional guideline for high-dose (HD) 4FPCC for patients with WICH.

Methods:

We compared the percentage of SD and HD patients who achieved an international normalized ratio (INR) ≤1.3 at a single institution between January 2014 and July 2017. Additionally, we assessed hematoma expansion, recurrence of INR > 1.3, and occurrence of thrombotic events within 7 days of 4FPCC administration.

Results:

Of 48 patients with WICH, 30 received SD and 18 received HD. The median baseline INR was 2.5 (2.0-3.8) for SD patients and 3.3 (2.5-5) for HD patients ( P = .147). Successful achievement of an INR ≤ 1.3 after the initial 4FPCC dose was obtained in 70% of patients in the SD group and 94% of patients in the HD group ( P = .124). A higher percentage of patients in the SD group had an INR > 1.3 at some point after admission (30% vs 6%; P = .053). There was a trend toward more hematoma expansion in the SD group, but this was not statistically significant (17% in the SD group vs 0% in HD group; P = .056). There were 2 thrombotic events: one deep vein thrombosis in each group ( P = .243).

Conclusions:

High-dose 4FPCC appears to be more effective at lowering INR and preventing bleed expansion in patients with WICH, while maintaining a similar safety profile.
The impact of aerobic and isometric exercise on different measures of dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein in patients with hypertension
Authors: Pagonas Nikolaos , Vlatsas Stergios , Bauer Frederic , Seibert Felix S , Sasko B , Buschmann I , Ritter O , Kelesidis Theodoros , Westhoff Timm H
Published: May 2019

Background

Exercise training increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, but its effect on HDL function is unclear. In hypertensives, exercise improves endothelial dysfunction, which is related to HDL function. In the present study, we assess for the first time the effects of different exercise modalities on two cell-free assays of HDL function.

Design

The study was conducted as a prospective randomized controlled trial in 75 hypertensive patients.

Methods

Patients were randomized in three groups: (a) handgrip isometric training five times weekly; (b) placebo-handgrip; and (c) aerobic exercise training at least three times per week. HDL function was assessed in serum samples at baseline and after 12 weeks of training by two independent assays that determine the proinflammatory phenotype (haptoglobin content) of a specific amount of HDL (Haptoglobin-HDL [HPHDL]) and oxidized HDL (HDLox) as a measure of reduced antioxidant function of HDL. HDL function measures were normalized by the measures of a pooled control of sera from healthy participants and by HDL-C levels (normalized ratio, no units).

Results

Aerobic exercise led to significant reduction of the HDLox from 0.99 ± 0.27 to 0.90 ± 0.29 (no units, p = 0.03). The HPHDL did not change in any training group. Changes of HDLox correlated with reduction of the systolic blood pressure only after aerobic exercise ( R = 0.64, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Aerobic but not isometric exercise improves the antioxidant function of HDL in patients with hypertension. This improvement correlates positively with reductions of blood pressure.
Improving cardiac rehabilitation uptake: Potential health gains by socioeconomic status
Authors: Hinde Sebastian , Bojke Laura , Harrison Alexander , Doherty Patrick
Published: May 2019

Background

Globally, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended as soon as possible after admission from an acute myocardial infarction (MI) or revascularisation. However, uptake is consistently poor internationally, ranging from 10% to 60%. The low level of uptake is compounded by variation across different socioeconomic groups. Policy recommendations continue to focus on increasing uptake and addressing inequalities in participation; however, to date, there is a paucity of economic evidence evaluating higher CR participation rates and their relevance to socioeconomic inequality.

Methods

This study constructed a de-novo cost-effectiveness model of CR, utilising the results from the latest Cochrane review and national CR audit data. We explore the role of socioeconomic status by incorporating key deprivation parameters and determine the population health gains associated with achieving an uptake target of 65%.

Results

We find that the low cost of CR and the potential for reductions in subsequent MI and revascularisation rates combine to make it a highly cost-effective intervention. While CR is less cost-effective for more deprived groups, the lower level of uptake in these groups makes the potential health gains, from achieving the target, greater. Using England as a model, we estimate the expenditure that could be justified while maintaining the cost-effectiveness of CR at £68.4 m per year.

Conclusions

Increasing CR uptake is cost-effective and can also be implemented to reduce known socioeconomic inequalities. Using an estimation of potential population health gains and justifiable expenditure, we have produced tools with which policymakers and commissioners can encourage greater utilisation of CR services.
Expanding Models Testing Media Contributions to Self-Sexualization
Authors: Grower Petal , Ward L. Monique , Trekels Jolien
Published: May 2019

Although everyday exposure to mainstream media is theorized to be associated with women’s self-objectification, empirical tests of this association have yielded mixed results. There are several possible explanations for these mixed results. For example, it may be that mainstream media relate to women’s broader tendency to self-sexualize rather than to self-objectify, that newer forms of media (i.e., social media) should be incorporated into these models, or that these associations may operate indirectly. Accordingly, the current study examines how traditional media and Facebook investment are associated with women’s tendency to self-sexualize and tests whether these associations are mediated by the view of women as sexual objects, internalization of the thin ideal, and perceived pressure to conform to this ideal. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that magazine and Facebook investment predicted only internalization of the thin ideal, whereas reality television and sitcom exposure predicted all three mediators. Media use was indirectly related to self-sexualization through internalization of the thin ideal and the view of women as sexual objects. These results support the value of incorporating broader definitions of self-sexualization, diverse forms of media, and potential mediators into future models.
Evolution and Advancement of Adult Spinal Deformity Research and Clinical Care: An Overview of the Scoli-RISK-1 Study
Authors: Cerpa Meghan , Lenke Lawrence G. , Fehlings Michael G. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Cheung Kenneth M. C. , Carreon Leah Yacat
Published: May 2019

Study Design:

Narrative review.

Objective:

The prevalence of adult spinal deformity (ASD) has been cited anywhere between 2-32%, while the prevalence in the elderly population has been estimated at 68%. Neurologic complications following ASD surgery remains a concern. Previous literature reported incidence of neurologic complications varied between 1-10%, while non-neurologic complications reported were as high as 50%. To assess the incidence of neurologic deficits, complications, and outcomes following ASD surgery, an international group of spine deformity surgeons initiated a prospective, multicenter, international, observational study: Scoli-RISK-1.

Methods:

Two hundred seventy-two patients were enrolled from 15 centers with ASD having primary or revision surgery with a major Cobb≥80°, revision including an osteotomy, and/or a complex 3-column osteotomy. Patients had lower extremity muscle strength (LEMS) exams performed preoperatively and at specific time points through 2-year follow-up.

Results:

Preoperatively, 203 patients (74.9%) had no LEMS impairment (normal) and 68 (25.1%) had a LEMS of <50 (abnormal). Compared with baseline, 23.0% of all patients experienced a LEMS decline at discharge, with this rate decreasing to 17.1% at 6-weeks and to 9.9% at 6-months and remaining stable at 10.0% at 2-years.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that a decline in LEMS after complex ASD surgery is common and more frequent than previously reported. We identified such a decline in 23.0% of patients at discharge, with neurologic function recovering over time to a decline of 10.0% at 2-years postoperatively. The Scoli-RISK-1 study revealed valuable information regarding the incidence, natural history, and prognosis of neurologic and non-neurologic complications following ASD surgery and provides useful information for patient counseling.
Cell Therapy for Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meisel Hans-Joerg , Agarwal Neha , Hsieh Patrick C. , Skelly Andrea , Park Jong-Beom , Brodke Darrel , Wang Jeffrey C. , Yoon S. Tim , Buser Zorica
Published: May 2019

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Objective:

To review, critically appraise, and synthesize evidence on use of cell therapy for intervertebral disc repair.

Methods:

A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted for literature published through October 31, 2018 and EMBASE and ClinicalTrials.gov databases through April 13, 2018 comparing allogenic or autologous cell therapy for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair in the lumbar or cervical spine. In the absence of comparative studies, case series of ≥10 patients were considered.

Results:

From 1039 potentially relevant citations, 8 studies across 10 publications on IVD cell therapies in the lumbar spine met the inclusion criteria. All studies were small and primarily case series. For allogenic cell sources, no difference in function or pain between mesenchymal cell treatment and sham were reported in 1 small randomized controlled trial; 1 small case series reported improved function and pain relative to baseline but it was unclear if the change was clinically significant. Similarly for autologous cell sources, limited data across case series suggest pain and function may be improved relative to baseline; whether the changes were clinically significant was not clear. Safety data was sparse and poorly reported. The need for subsequent surgery was reported in 3 case-series studies ranging from 6% to 80%.

Conclusions:

The overall strength of evidence for efficacy and safety of cell therapy for lumbar IVD repair was very low primarily due to substantial risk of bias, small sample sizes and lack of a comparator intervention. Methodologically sound studies comparing cell therapies to other treatments are needed.
Development and Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines: An Update and Synthesis of the Literature With a Focus in Application to Spinal Conditions
Authors: Tetreault Lindsay , Nater Anick , Garwood Philip , Badhiwala Jetan H. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: May 2019

Study Design:

Review.

Objectives:

The objectives of this review are to ( a) summarize the role of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), ( b) outline the methodology involved in formulating CPGs, ( c) provide an illustration of these principles using a CPG developed for degenerative cervical myelopathy, and ( d) highlight the importance of knowledge translation.

Methods:

A review of the literature was conducted to summarize current standards in CPG development and implementation.

Results:

CPGs are systematically developed statements intended to affect decisions made by health care providers, policy makers, and patients. The main objectives of CPGs are to synthesize and translate evidence into recommendations, optimize patient outcomes, standardize care, and facilitate shared decision making among physicians, patients, and their caregivers. The main steps involved in the development of CPGs include defining the clinical problem, assembling a multidisciplinary guideline development group and systematic review team, conducting a systematic review of the literature, translating the evidence to recommendations, critically appraising the CPG and updating the document when new studies arise. The final step in developing a CPG is to implement it into clinical practice; this step requires an assessment of the barriers to implementation and the formulation of effective dissemination strategies.

Conclusion:

CPGs are an important component in the teaching and practice of medicine and are available for a wide spectrum of diseases. CPGs, however, can only be used to influence clinical practice if the recommendations are informed by a systematic review of the literature and developed using rigorous methodology. The opportunity to transform clinical management of spinal conditions is an attractive outcome of the application of high-quality CPGs.
Political Economy of Farm Loan Waivers in India
Authors: Jha Srirang , Mohapatra Amiya Kumar , Lodha Shyam S.
Published: May 2019

Political leadership of various states in India is under tremendous pressure to provide instant relief to the farmers reeling under debt trap, resulting in suicides in several cases. Often, suicides by peasants are widely covered in the media which in turn sway the people’s perception about apparent indifference of the government towards the farming communities of the country. This certainly brings in concerns related to political economy revolving around judicious distribution of wealth and national income of the country. State governments of India are generally reluctant to waive off the farm loans as a matter of routine due to concomitant burden on exchequer that might adversely affect their fiscal balances. However, political parties tend to use farm loan waiver as tactics to come to power in spite of the fact that such populist measures are not good for the economy, nor do they offer a long-term solution to the age-old problem of higher degree of incidence of indebtedness among the farming communities. This article explores the antecedents and consequences of farm loan waivers and the way forward. Besides, it also reconnoitres whether the state takes such decisions as farm loan waiver purely on the basis of economics or any hidden political agenda.
Advancing Long-Term Care Science Through Using Common Data Elements: Candidate Measures for Care Outcomes of Personhood, Well-Being, and Quality of Life
Authors: Edvardsson David , Baxter Rebecca , Corneliusson Laura , Anderson Ruth A. , Beeber Anna , Boas Paulo Villas , Corazzini Kirsten , Gordon Adam L. , Hanratty Barbara , Jacinto Alessandro , Lepore Michael , Leung Angela Y.M. , McGilton Katherine S. , Meyer Julienne , Schols Jos M.G.A. , Schwartz Lindsay , Shepherd Victoria , Skoldunger Anders , Thompson Roy , Toles Mark , Wachholz Patrick , Wang Jing , Wu Bei , Zúñiga Franziska
Published: May 2019

To support the development of internationally comparable common data elements (CDEs) that can be used to measure essential aspects of long-term care (LTC) across low-, middle-, and high-income countries, a group of researchers in medicine, nursing, behavioral, and social sciences from 21 different countries have joined forces and launched the Worldwide Elements to Harmonize Research in LTC Living Environments (WE-THRIVE) initiative. This initiative aims to develop a common data infrastructure for international use across the domains of organizational context, workforce and staffing, person-centered care, and care outcomes, as these are critical to LTC quality, experiences, and outcomes. This article reports measurement recommendations for the care outcomes domain, focusing on previously prioritized care outcomes concepts of well-being, quality of life (QoL), and personhood for residents in LTC. Through literature review and expert ranking, we recommend nine measures of well-being, QoL, and personhood, as a basis for developing CDEs for long-term care outcomes across countries. Data in LTC have often included deficit-oriented measures; while important, reductions do not necessarily mean that residents are concurrently experiencing well-being. Enhancing measurement efforts with the inclusion of these positive LTC outcomes across countries would facilitate international LTC research and align with global shifts toward healthy aging and person-centered LTC models.
Validity of the Autism Mental Status Exam in Developmental Pediatrics and Primary Care Settings
Authors: Betz Eugenia , Hackman Nicole M. , Mayes Susan , Chin Eric M. , Ivy Jonathan W. , Tierney Cheryl
Published: May 2019

The Autism Mental Status Exam (AMSE) is a brief clinician-completed observational instrument that has shown promise in identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a referred sample. Our study explores the feasibility of the AMSE in both developmental pediatric and primary care samples. Fifty-three toddlers with ASD and other disabilities were scored using the AMSE and compared with 55 typically developing toddlers. AMSE scores differed significantly between ASD, non-ASD developmental disability, and neurotypical groups. A cutoff score on the AMSE of ≥5 for ASD maximized sensitivity (81.2%) and specificity (90.5%). Score differences between groups suggest that the AMSE may be useful in a clinical setting to help identify children with possible ASD.
Ognitite, NiBiTe, a new mineral species, and Co-rich maucherite from the Ognit ultramafic complex, Eastern Sayans, Russia
Authors: Barkov Andrei Y. , Bindi Luca , Tamura Nobumichi , Shvedov Gennadiy I. , Winkler Björn , Stan Camelia V. , Morgenroth Wolfgang , Martin Robert F. , Zaccarini Federica , Stanley Christopher J.
Published: May 2019

We describe the new species ognitite, NiBiTe, and a Co-rich variety of maucherite, hitherto unreported; both were discovered in the Ognit ultramafic complex of Neoproterozoic age in Eastern Sayans, Russia. The mean composition of ognitite (n = 7) is: Ni 17.05, Fe 0.07, Cu 0.14, Pd 0.14, Te 32.53, Bi 49.64, total 99.57 wt.%, corresponding to: (Ni1.11Cu0.008Fe0.005Pd0.005)Σ1.13Bi0.90Te0.97 (Σ atoms = 3 apfu). Ognitite is trigonal, space group P3m1 [R1 = 0.0276 for 81 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo)]. The unit-cell parameters derived from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data are: a = 3.928(1) Å, c = 5.385(1) Å and V = 71.95(4) Å3, with Z = 1. The c:a ratio is 1.37. The powder X-ray diffraction data obtained on the same fragment used for the single-crystal study are: a = 3.9332(4) Å, c = 5.3920(6) Å and V = 72.24(1) Å3. Ognitite exhibits the brucite-type structure with edge-sharing NiTe3Bi3 octahedra forming sheets parallel to (0001). It is related to melonite, but is distinct compositionally by the extreme Bi-enrichment (melonite and its synthetic analogue contain <0.4 Bi apfu), and structurally as Bi and Te are ordered at two distinct sites, leading to the loss of the centre of symmetry in ognitite.

At more than 9 wt.% Co, or ~2 apfu Co, the core of Co-rich maucherite [(Ni,Co)11As8] in a zoned crystal, which is surrounded by Co-depleted orcelite, far surpasses the norm (≤1 and up to 3.9 wt.% Co). The unit-cell parameters of the Co-rich maucherite are: a = 6.85(2) and c = 21.83(5) Å, which are based on results of synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction.

The host rock consists of serpentine, clinochlore (Mg# 95–97) and skeletal chromite. We favour the metastable crystallisation of fluid-saturated globules of a sulfide–arsenide melt to explain the anomalous compositions of ore minerals at Ognit. These anomalies seem consistent with rapid cooling in a fluid-enriched system, possibly related to late-stage degassing of the magma, as reflected in a prominent metasomatic aureole at the contact with the enclosing gneissic rocks.
International approaches to paediatric podiatry curricula: It's the same, but different
Authors: Williams Cylie M. , Nester Chris , Morrison Stewart C.
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Pre‐registration / entry‐level programmes of study provide the core knowledge, skills and abilities required for clinical practice. These programmes are where students are introduced to specialist domains of practice and begin to shape their professional interests. The aim of this research was to describe paediatric curricula within pre‐registration and entry level podiatry programmes across comparable universities and offer a contemporary synthesis of international practices.

Methods

An exploratory, cross‐sectional, online survey was undertaken across a three‐month period. Representatives from podiatry programmes delivering pre‐registration or entry level podiatry degrees in which graduates are eligible for Professional and Statutory Body registration within their country (deemed at a Bachelor degree or higher), were invited to participate. The survey was administered online using Online Surveys. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data due to the exploratory nature of the research question and design.

Results

There were responses from seven (54% of 13) universities in the United Kingdom (UK), nine (100% of nine) universities in Australia and four (50% of eight) of the invited universities external to the UK and Australia (New Zealand, Malta, Ireland, South Africa). There was some variation in curriculum content, but all universities reported to cover ontogeny and developmental milestones and general paediatric orthopaedic conditions. There was further discrepancy with the number of hours dedicated to paediatric podiatry within the curricula (ranging from < 5 h to > 26 h).

Conclusion

The findings from this study highlight some disparity in the delivery of training for students relating to paediatrics. The data suggests that there is a need for international coordination in establishing priorities for the paediatric curricula. This will ensure consistency in baseline knowledge, modes of training, amount and nature of curriculum delivery during undergraduate or entry level podiatry training.
Enhanced ground segmentation method for Lidar point clouds in human-centric autonomous robot systems
Authors: Chu Phuong Minh , Cho Seoungjae , Park Jisun , Fong Simon , Cho Kyungeun
Published: May 2019

Ground segmentation is an important step for any autonomous and remote-controlled systems. After separating ground and nonground parts, many works such as object tracking and 3D reconstruction can be performed. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for segmenting the ground data of point clouds acquired from multi-channel Lidar sensors. The goal of this study is to completely separate ground points and nonground points in real time. The proposed method segments ground data efficiently and accurately in various environments such as flat terrain, undulating/rugged terrain, and mountainous terrain. First, the point cloud in each obtained frame is divided into small groups. We then focus on the vertical and horizontal directions separately, before processing both directions concurrently. Experiments were conducted, and the results showed the effectiveness of the proposed ground segment method. For flat and sloping terrains, the accuracy is over than 90%. Besides, the quality of the proposed method is also over than 80% for bumpy terrains. On the other hand, the speed is 145 frames per second. Therefore, in both simple and complex terrains, we gained good results and real-time performance.
Time-stepping wave-equation solution for seismic modeling using a multiple-angle formula and the Taylor expansion
Authors: Araujo Edvaldo S. , Pestana Reynam C.
Published: May 2019

We have developed an analytical solution for wave equations using a multiple-angle formula. The new solution based on the multiple-angle expansion allows us to generate a family of solutions for the acoustic-wave equation, which may be combined with Taylor-series, Chebyshev, Hermite, and Legendre polynomial expansions or any other expansion for the cosine function and used for seismic modeling, reverse time migration, and inverse problems. Extension of this method to the solution of elastic and anisotropic wave equations is also straightforward. We also derive a criterion using the stability and dispersion relations to determine the order of the solution for a given time step and, thus, obtaining stable wavefields free of numerical dispersion. Afterward, numerical tests are performed using complex 2D velocity models to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of our method, combined with second- or fourth-order Taylor approximations. Our multiple-angle approach is stable and provides reliable seismic modeling results for larger times steps than those usually used by conventional finite-difference methods. Moreover, multiple-angle schemes using a second-order Taylor approximation for each cosine term have a lower computational cost than the mixed wavenumber-space rapid expansion method.
Repair, regenerate and reconstruct: meeting the state-of-the-art
Authors: Reuter Hanna , Vogg Matthias Christian , Serras Florenci
Published: May 2019

The seventh EMBO meeting on the Molecular and Cellular Basis of Regeneration and Tissue Repair took place in Valletta, Malta, in September 2018. Researchers from all over the world gathered together with the aim of sharing the latest advances in wound healing, repair and regeneration. The meeting covered a wide range of regeneration models and tissues, identification of regulatory genes and signals, and striking advances toward regenerative therapies. Here, we report some of the exciting topics discussed during this conference, highlighting important discoveries in regeneration and the perspectives for regenerative medicine.
Avian surface reconstruction in free flight with application to flight stability analysis of a barn owl and peregrine falcon
Authors: Durston Nicholas E. , Wan Xue , Liu Jian G. , Windsor Shane P.
Published: May 2019

Birds primarily create and control the forces necessary for flight through changing the shape and orientation of their wings and tail. Their wing geometry is characterised by complex variation in parameters such as camber, twist, sweep and dihedral. To characterise this complexity, a multi-view stereo-photogrammetry setup was developed for accurately measuring surface geometry in high resolution during free flight. The natural patterning of the birds was used as the basis for phase correlation-based image matching, allowing indoor or outdoor use while being non-intrusive for the birds. The accuracy of the method was quantified and shown to be sufficient for characterising the geometric parameters of interest, but with a reduction in accuracy close to the wing edge and in some localised regions. To demonstrate the method's utility, surface reconstructions are presented for a barn owl (Tyto alba) and peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) during three instants of gliding flight per bird. The barn owl flew with a consistent geometry, with positive wing camber and longitudinal anhedral. Based on flight dynamics theory, this suggests it was longitudinally statically unstable during these flights. The peregrine falcon flew with a consistent glide angle, but at a range of air speeds with varying geometry. Unlike the barn owl, its glide configuration did not provide a clear indication of longitudinal static stability/instability. Aspects of the geometries adopted by both birds appeared to be related to control corrections and this method would be well suited for future investigations in this area, as well as for other quantitative studies into avian flight dynamics.
Hyperpolarised 13﻿C MRI: a new horizon for non-invasive diagnosis of aggressive breast cancer
Authors: Abeyakoon Oshaani , Latifoltojar Arash , Gong Fiona , Papoutsaki Marianthi-Vasiliki , Chowdhury Rafat , Glaser Matthias , Jeraj Hassan , Awais Ramla , Holt Christopher , Twyman Frazer , Arstad Erik , Gadian David G , Atkinson David , Comment Arnaud , O'Callaghan James , Smith Lorna , Beeston Teresita , Clemente Joey , Patani Neill , Stein Rob , Yuneva Mariia , Szabadkai Gyorgi , Halligan Steve , Punwani Shonit
Published: May 2019

Hyperpolarised 13C MRI (HP-MRI) is a novel imaging technique that allows real-time analysis of metabolic pathways in vivo. 1 The technology to conduct HP-MRI in humans has recently become available and is starting to be clinically applied. As knowledge of molecular biology advances, it is increasingly apparent that cancer cell metabolism is related to disease outcomes, with lactate attracting specific attention. 2 Recent reviews of breast cancer screening programs have raised concerns and increased public awareness of over treatment. The scientific community needs to shift focus from improving cancer detection alone to pursuing novel methods of distinguishing aggressive breast cancers from those which will remain indolent. HP-MRI offers the opportunity to identify aggressive tumour phenotypes and help monitor/predict therapeutic response. Here we report one of the first cases of breast cancer imaged using HP-MRI alongside correlative conventional imaging, including breast MRI.
A Modeling Approach for Evaluating Watershed-scale Water Quality Benefits of Vegetative Filter Strip - A Case Study in Ontario
Authors: Gupta Anand Krishna , Rudra Ramesh Pal , Gharabaghi Bahram , Goel Pradeep Kumar , Sebti Saleh , Shukla Rituraj , Daggupati Prasad
Published: May 2019

Abstract

. Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are globally recognized as an effective BMP in reducing non-point source pollution. Maximum effectiveness of a VFS at a watershed-level could be achieved by adequately installing and sizing a VFS along the edge of the field. Existing watershed models have limitations in appropriately representing and modeling VFS at the watershed scale. Therefore, in this research, a new modeling approach consisting of the Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) model, AGNPS_VFS toolkit, and a regression equation is developed to explore the effectiveness of VFS applied along the edge of fields. AGNPS cells are identified as locations where the edge of the field VFS is to be installed. Further, the approach was tested with a case study. The model was calibrated and validated for a flow and sediment load at the watershed outlet. Thereafter, the modeling approach is used to compute sediment reducing efficiency (SRE) for the edge of the field VFS. Objectives of this study were to test the effectiveness of uniform VFS (5 × 18 m) lengths located at several locations (draining an upstream area of 3, 4, 6 ha, and at spatially variable locations) within a watershed to demonstrate the ability of the developed approach to evaluate effectiveness of VFS application in sediment abatement. Maximum SRE was observed for VFS placed at spatially variable locations; the developed approach reduced nearly 23.03% of sediment yield, while VFS placed along cells draining an upstream area of 3, 4, and 6 ha removed 9.59%, 12.39%, and 5.91% of sediment loads respectively. Keywords: Non-point source pollution, Sediment transport, Vegetative filter strip (VFS), VFSMOD.
Pemanfaatan daun Indigofera zollingeriana sebagai bahan pakan ikan patin (Pangasius sp.)
Authors: Mukti Retno Cahya , Yonarta Danang , Pangawikan Aldila Din
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The feed is one of the components that support the growth and survival in fish culture. One of the alternative feed ingredients which could use as other feed ingredient was Indigofera zollingeriana leaves. The aims of this research was to determine the use of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves on the growth performance of Patin (Pangasius sp.). This research consisted of five treatments and three replications. Indigofera zollingeriana leaves were used in the diet amount of P0 (0%) (without Indigofera zollingeriana leaves addition ), P1 (10% Indigofera zollingeriana leaves addition), P2 (20% Indigofera zollingeriana leaves addition), P3 (30% Indigofera zollingeriana leaves addition), and P4 (40% Indigofera zollingeriana leaves addition). The result showed that the use of Indigofera zollingeriana leaves had a significant effect on the fish growth performance. The use of 20% zollingeriana Indigofera produced the best results of the absolute weight of 2.15 g, 1.00% daily growth rate and feed efficiency of 44.60%.Keywords: Patin, feed ingredient, Indigofera zollingeriana leaveAbstrak. Pakan merupakan komponen yang menunjang pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup dalam budidaya ikan. Salah satu bahan baku alternatif yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pakan ikan yaitu daun Indigofera zollingeriana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan daun Indigofera zollingeriana terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan pada ikan patin. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan penggunaan daun Indigofera zollingeriana terdiri dari P0(0%) (tanpa penambahan daun Indigofera zollingeriana), P1 (penambahan daun Indigofera zollingeriana 10%), P2 (penambahan daun Indigofera zollingeriana 20%), P3 (penambahan daun Indigofera zollingeriana 30%), dan P4 (penambahan daun Indigofera zollingeriana 40%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan daun Indigofera zollingeriana menunjukkan kinerja pertumbuhan pada ikan patin. Penambahan Indigofera zollingeriana sebanyak 20% menghasilkan hasil terbaik yaitu pertumbuhan bobot mutlak sebesar 2,15 g, laju pertumbuhan harian 1,00% serta efisiensi pakan sebesar 44,60%.Kata Kunci: Bahan pakan, daun Indigofera zollingeriana, ikan patin