bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health disparities investigated in a primary care penicillin allergy removal pathway
Authors: Mari David , Henson Kelley , Day William , Mcglynn Andrea , Banks Taylor
Published: December 2024

Background: Unconfirmed penicillin allergies over time lead to poor health outcomes and increased health-care cost. Health disparities (HD) can create barriers in optimizing penicillin allergy care. Objective: The objective was to characterize HDs in our
primary care-led amoxicillin challenge (PLAC) delabeling pathway within a universal coverage health care system. Methods: In three outpatient clinic sites, 41,104 patients were screened, and 1,749 patients were discovered to have penicillin allergies. Of the 1,749 patients
with penicillin allergy, 336 (ages 4 months to 76 years) were determined to be candidates for PLAC. A retrospective chart review was completed after 1 year of PLAC implementation to compare demographic characteristics and HD core categories (neighborhood living type, economic stability, background
education status, and access to care) between those who completed and those who did not complete their PLAC appointment. All candidates underwent the same PLAC protocol and had universal health coverage that reduced health cost. Results: Of 336 PLAC candidates (45.8%),
154 presented for their PLAC appointment and had their penicillin allergy removed without adverse outcomes. One hundred and eighty-two candidates (54.2%) did not complete a PLAC appointment and retained their penicillin allergy label. Candidates who did not complete their PLAC appointment
were older (p = 0.001) and white (p = 0.006), and did not identify as officers (p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in neighborhood type or gender between the groups. In candidates ages ≥ 19 years, those without proactively scheduled appointments more commonly (p < 0.001)
did not complete their PLAC appointment; whereas proactive scheduling increased delabeling from 5.8% to 91.3% in candidates ages ≥ 19 years. Of the 199 candidates with proactively scheduled PLAC appointments, those with less perceived economic stability and background education status (enlisted
members) were more likely not to attend their PLAC appointment (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results of our study suggest that our PLAC protocol provides a foundation of decreased HDs to successfully delabel patients at low risk of penicillin allergy when scheduling appointments
for all and controlling for health-care cost.
Real-world surveillance of standardized quality (SQ) house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy tablets for 3 years in Japan
Authors: Gotoh Minoru , Maekawa Yuriko , Saito Shiori , Kato Noboru , Horikawa Eiji , Nishino Noriaki
Published: December 2024

Background: Standardized quality (SQ) house-dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy tablets (10,000 Japanese allergy units [JAU], equivalent to 6 SQ-HDM in Europe and the United States) are licensed for the treatment of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) without age restriction,
based on 52-week administration clinical trials. There are no large-scale data on the administration of 10,000 JAU for > 1 year in actual clinical practice. Objective: To examine the safety and effectiveness of 10,000 JAU during use for up to 3 years at real-world clinical
sites in Japan. Methods: This survey was a multicenter, observational, prospective study. We assessed the safety and effectiveness of the long-term administration of 10,000 JAU as well as effectiveness after its discontinuation in patients with HDM AR with an observation
period of 3 years. Results: The safety analysis included 815 patients, and the effectiveness analysis included 768 patients. Adverse reactions that occurred in 144 patients (17.67%) were mainly site-related events that occurred early in the dosing period. Serious adverse
reactions were dyspnea and anaphylactic reaction in one patient each, and both patients recovered. With regard to effectiveness, compared with scores before the administration of SQ-HDM, nasal symptom scores decreased, depending on the administration period, from 6 months to 3 years. Overall,
67.34% of the patients had improved quality of life after 6 months, and this improvement continued after 12 months. The proportion of patients with “improved and slightly improved” of overall improvement exceeded 90% after 2 years. Treatment discontinuation because “symptoms
disappeared” occurred in 24.42% of the patients at 3 years. Patients who discontinued 10,000 JAU (n = 39) had a sustained improvement in nasal symptom scores compared with baseline, even 1 year after discontinuing treatment. Conclusion: The real-world safety
and effectiveness of 10,000 JAU SQ-HDM sublingual immunotherapy tablets were confirmed in Japanese patients with HDM AR. No new safety and effectiveness precautions were required.
Identifikasi Faktor Penghambat dalam Pelaksaan Standar Operasional Prosedur Kepegawaian pada Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Biak Numfor
Authors: Amiruddin Amiruddin , Dadang A Masse , Maswati Rani
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify Inhibiting Factors in the Implementation of SOP for Personnel at the Education and Culture Office of Biak Numfor Regency. The research method used is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the inhibiting factors for the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Personnel Administration Services at the Education and Culture Office of Biak Numfor Regency are the availability of adequate human, financial, and technological resources that can support the smooth implementation of SOPs are inadequate, Commitment to the monitoring and evaluation system has not been effective in identifying problems and making necessary improvements. Performance Measurement, is significantly less than optimal because frequent or inconsistent policy changes can cause confusion and difficulty in following the established SOPs, limited human resources, facilities and infrastructure can hinder the implementation of SOPs properly, lack of adequate training or understanding of SOPs can hinder staff's ability to follow established procedures.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Pegawai UKPBJ Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
Authors: Yani Putra , Isfarudi Isfarudi , Koeswara Hendri
Published: December 2024

This is a new author guidelines and article template of Jurnal Admnistrasi dan Kebijakan Publik (JAKP). Article should be started by Title of Article followed by Authors Name and Affiliation Address and abstract. This abstract section should be typed in Italic font and font size of 10 pt and number of words of 150-250. Special for the abstract section, please use left margin of 25 mm, top margin of 30 mm, right and bottom margins of 20 mm. The single spacing should be used between lines in this article. If article is written in Indonesian, the abstract should be typed in Indonesian and English. Meanwhile, if article is written in English, the abstract should be typed in English only. The abstract should be typed as concise as possible and should be composed of: problem statement, method, scientific finding results, and short conclusion. The abstract should only be typed in one paragraph and one-column format.
La evaluación de impacto de los sistemas de alto riesgo de inteligencia artificial que puedan afectar a personas mayores
Authors: Herrera de las Heras Ramón
Published: December 2024

El recién aprobado Reglamento de Inteligencia Artificial establece, para determinados sistemas, la necesidad de realizar una evaluación de impacto antes de su puesta en circulación. A lo largo del presente trabajo analizamos qué sistemas de inteligencia artificial han de someterse a estas evaluaciones, prestando una especial atención a aquellos sistemas que puedan afectar a los derechos de las personas mayores.
Legislación española sobre discapacidad psíquica
Authors: Bertolín Guillén José Manuel
Published: December 2024

En la legislación española, en convergencia con las Naciones Unidas, el “guardador de hecho” es la figura de apoyo más importante para el discapacitado. En el ámbito de la salud mental, y aunque sigue habiendo controversia, es cuestión de justicia restaurativa actuar al respecto de manera propositiva. El tratamiento psiquiátrico ambulatorio involuntario no penal está regulado en Canadá, Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Asia, EE. UU., Reino Unido y Países Bajos, pero no en España. En esta aportación se enfatizará principalmente la incongruencia de pretender por el Gobierno de España la modificación del artículo 763 de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil.
İş Tatmininin Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlığa Etkisinde Örgütsel Adaletin Aracı Rolü
Authors: Farhoud Hamed Jabbari , Güney Salih , Uğurlu Erginbay
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada, iş tatmininin örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde, örgütsel adaletin aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmada kolayda örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak 401 çalışana ulaşılmıştır. Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki etkinin incelenmesinde Regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre iş tatminin örgütsel bağlılık üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel adaletin aracılık rolü vardır. Araştırmanın diğer bulgusuna göre, iş tatminin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde örgütsel adaletin aracılık rolü bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, iş tatmininin hem örgütsel bağlılık hem de örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkilerinin, örgütsel adalet tarafından şekillendirildiği söylenebilir. Çalışanların iş tatmininin yüksek olduğu durumlarda, örgütsel adalet algıları da yüksekse, bu durum hem örgütsel bağlılıklarını hem de örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir. Örgütsel adalet, bu ilişkilerde bir köprü işlevi görerek, çalışanların iş yerindeki deneyimlerini ve tutumlarını daha güçlü hale getirir. Adil bir çalışma ortamı, çalışanların iş tatminini ve buna bağlı olarak örgütsel bağlılık ve vatandaşlık davranışlarını artırarak, organizasyonların genel verimliliğine ve çalışanların motivasyonuna katkı sağlar. Bu nedenle, örgütlerin adalet ilkelerine dayalı politikalar geliştirmeleri, çalışanların bağlılıklarını ve olumlu davranışlarını teşvik etmede kritik bir rol oynar
Formulation and Evaluation of Docetaxel Floating Microspheres
Authors: B Arigela , YD Talaparthi , K Chanumolu , A Baratam
Published: December 2024

This study sought to create floating microspheres containing Docetaxel, a cutting-edge anti-mitotic chemotherapeutic medication frequently used in the treatment of breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung malignancies. The experimental results demonstrated that FT-IR evaluation exhibited no significant peak shifts, suggesting that the drug within the microspheres is stable in the short term. Biocompatible polymers, that include chitosan and albumin, were incorporated for the development of microspheres, both of which generated a great deal of drug entrapment and sufficient yield. All formulations have acceptable flow characteristics to allow for simple capsule loading. Furthermore, raising its polymer concentration resulted in an enormous decrease in cumulative drug release percentage. The formulations D7 is best fitted in various kinetic models
GC method development and validation of genotoxic impurity 1, 3 Dichloro propane, 3-chloro-1-bromopropane and 2Chloro pyridine content in Trazodone Hydrochloride API
Authors: V Kaneriya , C Somaiya , C Dholakia , R Dass
Published: December 2024

Trazodone is often used to treat major depression. A50 - 300 mg tablet formulation thatcontains1, 3 Dichloro propane, 3-chloro-1-bromopropane, and 2-Chloro pyridine as a genotoxic impurity. In the present study, the GC method is effectively developed and validated under the required regulations. This method is established for the quantification of 1, 3 Dichloro propane, 3-chloro-1-bromopropane, and 2 – Chloro pyridine in Trazodone hydrochloride API.The sample preparation method is easy and free of toxic solvents. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over a concentration range of 0.3 μg/ml to 2 μg/ml. The method was highly précised and robust. The proposed GC method holds promise for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of 1, 3 Dichloro propane, 3-chloro-1-bromopropane and 2-Chloro pyridine in Trazodone hydrochloride formulations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Propranolol Hydrochloride Floating Tablets by 32 Factorial Design
Authors: K R Shankar , S Aminabee , G Ramana , KNVC Lakshmi , G Indusree
Published: December 2024

The goal of current work is to develop Propranolol HCl floating tablets. Floating tablets of Propranolol HCl were designed basing on the idea of gas generation. Using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a gas-generating agent, xanthan gum, polyox WSR 303a as a matrix-forming polymer, and HPMC K4 M and K15 M as matrix-forming polymers, matrix tablets totalling 40 mg of propranolol HCl were created.Among the four polymers namely HPMCK4M, HPMCK15M, Xanthan gum and Polyox WSR, HPMC K4M gave good release and was selected for formulation of propranolol HCl floating tablets by 32 factorial design. Propranolol HCl release from the manufactured floating tablets occurred gradually over the course of 12 hours and was contingent upon the tablet's composition. The percentage that the independent variables HPMC K4M and NaHCO3 were utilised in the formulation of propranolol HCl floating tablets is described by a chosen three level, two factors experimental designs (32 factorial designs). Floating lag time (FLT), percent drug released in 8h were selected as dependent variables. The equations for Floating lag time (FLT) and drug release in 8 hr in (PD8) drug dissolved are as follows. Y1= 23.89 +4.17X1 -8.33 X2-0.75X1X2 +0.17X12 +2.67X22 (FLT), Y2= 81.06 -1.86X1 -4.10X2 -0.14 X1X2 – 0.21X12 + 6.57 X22 (DR8h). The Y1 equations' co-efficient of X2, which has a negative sign, shows that floating lag time increases as sodium bicarbonate concentration falls. The findings indicatethat the amount of NaHCO3 (X2) and the amount of HPMCK4M (X1) both have an impact on how long it takes for a medication to release and floating lag time.All manufactured floating tablet drug release followed first order kinetics, with the exception of F7, F8, and F9. Drug release from all the floating tablets prepared followed first order kinetics except in case of F7, F8 and F9. All manufactured floating tablets had their drug release regulated by non-Fickian diffusion, which served as the floating tablet's release mechanism. For FLT and DR 8h, the proximity between the predicted and observed values supports the rationality of the consequent equations for the dependent variables. Among the nine formulations F9 formulation is considered as best formulation basing on floating lag time and medication release parameters. It can be inferred from the findings that the floating tablets of propranolol HCl can be obtained successfully using optimization by 32 factorial design using HPMC K4M and sodium bicarbonate.
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-fungal Polyherbal Hair Gel
Authors: S Mude , V Shete
Published: December 2024

Throughout ancient times, medicinal plants have been a primary source of treatment for human ailments. It makes sense that the 1.42 billion people who make up the world's population, or one in four, rely on traditional medicine to cure a variety of illnesses. To encourage hair development, a range of herbal herbs are utilized. The current study used neem, fenugreek seeds, tea tree oil, aloe vera, and lemon to develop and assess a polyherbal gel. The antibacterial capabilities of this gel were assessed in relation to candida albicans. The created formulation exhibits a positive zone of inhibition. Further assessment of the gel's physiochemical characteristics, including spreadability, viscosity, pH, and stability studies, was conducted.
Optimization of Telmisartan Loaded Locust Bean Gum and Thiolated Chitosan Hydrogel Using Central Composite Design
Authors: V Mohanraj , M Komala
Published: December 2024

This article describes the formulation of a mucoadhesive thiolated chitosan (TC) and Locust Bean Gum (LBG) hydrogel for the application of site-targeted delivery of telmisartan. The hydrogel was formulated using the tripolyphosphate (TPP) ionotropic gelation cross-linking procedure. The optimized IPN hydrogel was considered by FTIR, UV-visible and SEM. And in vitro drug release abilities and mucoadhesion properties were also evaluated. The effect of polymer blend ratio on swelling capacity was investigated. The improved formulation demonstrated long-lasting drug release (up to 12 hours) and excellent mucoadhesiveness. A non-fickian technique was used to monitor the drug release from the hydrogel. The study's findings suggest that LBG:TC hydrogel could be a good vehicle for targeted medication delivery.
Formulation and Evaluation of Cefixime Pediatric Medicated Lollipops
Authors: SA Vadivel , E Sibichanduru , S Saravanan , S Karthik
Published: December 2024

The study explores the formulation and evaluation of Cefixime medicated lollipops as a novel solution for paediatric oral drug delivery. The developed lollipops demonstrated desirable physical and pharmaceutical attributes, including consistent drug content, optimal hardness, and adherence to weight variation standards. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the absence of significant drug-excipient interactions, ensuring formulation stability. Among the tested formulations, F2 exhibited the most promising results, achieving 100.05% cumulative drug release within 15 minutes during In vitro dissolution studies. Stability assessments over three months under accelerated conditions confirmed the lollipops' physical and chemical integrity, with drug content remaining within acceptable limits.This innovative dosage form addresses common challenges in pediatric drug administration by enhancing palatability, simplifying administration, and improving patient compliance. Additionally, the reduced dosing frequency associated with the formulation offers practical advantages for paediatric care. These findings position Cefixime medicated lollipops as a patient-friendly and efficient alternative to conventional paediatric dosage forms. It is recommended that further clinical studies be conducted to determine their effectiveness and safety in real-world paediatric settings.
Formulation Challenges in Dermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Physicochemical Properties and Advanced Delivery Strategies
Authors: V Vijaykumar , M Saikiran , VR Bharathy , U Ubaidulla
Published: December 2024

Dermal drug delivery systems (DDS) offer a promising route for localized and systemic therapy, bypassing gastrointestinal degradation and first-pass metabolism. However, formulating effective DDS poses significant challenges due to the complex barrier function of the skin, particularly the stratum corneum, and the critical influence of a drug’s physicochemical properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of formulation challenges in dermal drug delivery, focusing on several key physicochemical properties such as lipophilicity, molecular weight, solubility, pKa, and chemical stability that dictate drug absorption, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. By synthesizing data from over 200 research papers published in the last five years, this review identifies key trends, innovations, and persistent challenges in optimizing DDS. Lipophilicity and molecular weight were found to significantly impact skin permeability, with moderately lipophilic drugs (logP 2-4) and molecules below 500 Da showing optimal absorption profiles. Poorly soluble drugs exhibited low bioavailability unless advanced formulation strategies like nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and microneedles were employed to enhance solubility and penetration. Similarly, drugs with pKa values close to the skin’s pH demonstrated superior permeability, emphasizing the importance of pH-optimized formulations. Stability concerns, particularly for drugs prone to oxidation or crystallization, were effectively mitigated using lipid-based carriers and amorphous solid dispersions, which improved both solubility and shelf life. The review highlights the role of viscosity, surface tension, and thermal properties in determining drug release and penetration in various DDS formulations. Nanotechnological advancements, such as the use of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and microneedles, offer promising solutions for delivering larger or more challenging molecules, including peptides and proteins. Finally, the use of magnetically responsive nanoparticles presents new opportunities for controlled drug release but requires further research to address stability and reactivity concerns. This review concludes by outlining the current gaps in the understanding of the physicochemical factors influencing DDS and suggests future research directions aimed at improving drug permeability, stability, and bioavailability. Addressing these challenges through advanced formulation techniques will be critical for enhancing the clinical efficacy of dermal drug delivery systems.
Evaluation of Anxiolytic effect of Polyherbal Formulation on Social Interaction, Light and Dark and Elevated Plus Maze in Wistar albino Rat Models
Authors: P Mech , SS Lakhawat , G Sharma , M Kotecha
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective: Anxiety is a widespread mental illness that impacts millions of individuals globally. The investigation of safe and effective treatments for anxiety disorders is vital due to their substantial impact on world health. There is hope for the creation of new anxiolytic treatments through the use of traditional medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to assess the anxiolytic properties of a polyherbal formulation made up of nine medicinal plants that have been shown to have potential uses in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Methods: Wistar albino rats were given a polyherbal formulation that included Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, Nardostachys jatamansi, Centella asiatica, Matricaria recutita, Rhodiola rosea, Crocus sativus, Lavandula spp., and Albizia julibrissin. Different behavioral tests, including as the elevated plus maze, the light and dark box test, and the social interaction test, were used to evaluate the formulation's anxiolytic effects. Four groups of twenty-four healthy Wistar albino rats were given varying dosages of the test formulation. The formulation's anxiolytic activity was assessed by recording and analyzing behavioral reactions. Result: The results of the study showed that rats given the polyherbal formulation showed much better behavioral responses in every test. Strong anxiolytic effects were evident in the rats given the maximum dosage of the formulation, as they showed a significant increase in social contact, a preference for open arms in the elevated plus maze, and a decreased aversion to light areas in the light and dark box test. Conclusion: Anxiolytic activity of the polyherbal formulation in Wistar albino rats was positive, indicating that it may be useful in treating anxiety disorders. These results add to the increasing amount of data that supports the use of herbal remedies to treat anxiety and emphasize the need for more studies to fully investigate the therapeutic potential of formulations containing many herbs.
Characterization and In-vitro Study of Metformin and Repaglinide Nano Emulsion in the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: D Rawat . , N Kalra  .
Published: December 2024

Repaglinide (RPG) and Metformin (MTF) are fast-acting glucose regulators that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. Frequent dosing before meals is challenging. This study explores nanoemulsion as a promising carrier for RPG and MTF, aiming for sustained hypoglycemic effects. The drugs were incorporated into the oil phase, enhancing biopharmaceutical properties compared to traditional lipid-based systems. Formulations were chosen with a 5% w/w difference in oil content from the o/w nanoemulsion region. The optimized nanoemulsion to control nanodroplet size, ensure low viscosity, and incorporate distilled water. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that the nanoemulsion had higher drug release, finer droplet size, lower polydispersity, minimal viscosity, and excellent dilution capability compared to existing oral tablets. The optimized Repaglinide (RPG) and Metformin (MTF) nanoemulsion formulation demonstrated a superior hypoglycemic effect over the conventional tablet formulation.
Development and assessment of Carboxymethylated Galactomannan from Seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima as an Efficient Disintegrating Agent for Orally Disintegrating Tablet
Authors: HS Bhandari , RD Wagh
Published: December 2024

Current study's objective was to evaluate the disintegration potential of naturally occurring Caesalpinia pulcherrima seedgalactomannan and to chemically modify it for formulation of orally disintegrating tablet formulation. Galactomannan extracted from the Caesalpinia pulcherrima seeds received chemical modification through carboxymethylation in an effort to enhance its hydrophilic nature of galactomannan which enhances disintegration potency. Carboxymethylated Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed galactomannan synthesized by etherification process by using monochloroacetic acid the titrimetric method was used to measure the extent of substitution. Carboxymethyl modification of galactomannan was analysed by, various methods like Zeta potential measurement, DSC thermogramand FT-IR. Ondansetron ODT were prepared separately using isolated and carboxymethylated Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed galactomannan by incorporating different concentrations such as 2, 4, 6 %. Precompression and post compressional evaluation parameters for formulated batches were compared with two ethical marketed formulations. Modified Caesalpinia pulcherrima seed galactomannan was nearly equivalent to reference formulation in quality testing so this work makes modified galactomannan suitable disintegrating agent in tablet formulation. As a conclusion, it can be said thatcarboxymethylated galactomannan from seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima is suitable disintegrating agent for ODTs.
Formulation Development and Optimization of Prolonged-Release Lemon Grass Oil-Loaded Organogel with an Enhanced Antifungal Activity using 3 Factor 2 Level Full Factorial Design Approach
Authors: PS Sadgir , V Shrivastava .
Published: December 2024

The present research work aimed to develop biocompatible, prolonged-release lemon grass oil (LGO) loaded organogel with an enhanced antifungal activity using 3-factor 2-level full factorial design approach. Viscosity (cP), Spredability (gm. cm/sec), and the time at which 90–100% diffusion occurred (hours) were chosen as dependent variables, while Span 80, Tween 80, and Carbopol 934 concentrations were regarded as independent variables. The developed organogel formulations were characterized for color, texture, pH, assay, viscosity, diffusion, spredability, and antifungal activity. The results of the study showed that each independent variable had a substantial impact on the dependent variables (p lower than 0.05). All organogel formulations were found to be pale yellow with smooth to viscous texture. The pH of the gels (5.61 ± 0.05 to 5.82 ± 0.05) was found to be compatible with the skin pH. The assay/drug content (97.10 to 101.81) of organogels was also found within an acceptable range. The spredability and viscosity parameters were also found to be satisfactory. Nearly 9–12 hours were required for 90-100% diffusion of the LGO from organogel formulation. Excellent prolonged release behavior was observed in almost all formulation batches. In comparison to the marketed formulation, the F4-optimized formulation showed significantly prolonged release behavior. The viscosity in all batches varied from 2548 (F6) to 3555 cP (F2) while the spredability ranged between 9.32 (F2) to 13.84 gm. cm/sec. The optimized batch of organogel (F4) showed the highest antifungal activity based on zone of inhibition (32 mm) followed by Clindac A 1% gel and Nystatin as standard. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the successful development of LGO-loaded prolonged-release organogel with enhanced antifungal activity.
Formulation and Characterization of Pomegranate Peel Extract-Loaded Phytosomes for Anti-diabetic Activity
Authors: R More . , P Pingale . , S Amrutkar , C Upasani .
Published: December 2024

Pomegranate, or Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae), is a plant with a variety of pharmacological characteristics. Also, pomegranate peel’s medicinal potential appears to be multifaceted due to its rich content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The study's objective was to create phytosomes of pomegranate peel extract to get over the drawback of low bioavailability. The phytosomes of pomegranate peel extract were developed by an antisolvent precipitation technique using soya lecithin as a lipid and n-hexane as an antisolvent. The formed phytosomes were examined for particle size, zeta potential, incorporation efficiency, and In-vitro dissolution study. The chemical and thermal stability of phytosomes were studied using FTIR analysis and Differential Scanning calorimetry. Pomegranate peel extract and phytosome formulation were also examined for oral acute toxicity study and antidiabetic study in low dose and high dose concentration. On the 28th day of treatment blood glucose level, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were examined. The encapsulation efficiency of the optimized formulation was 86.37±0.21% with a particle size of 953.0±34.1nm. The production of phytosomes is verified by SEM pictures of the formulation. FTIR and DSC studies showed no interaction. The in vitro dissolution study showed 87.66±2.15% CDR which is greater than the peel extract 42.73±0.29% CDR. During the acute toxicity study, the animals' mortality was assessed, and no reported deaths were noted. There is a substantial decline in the amounts of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides observed when treated with bioactive extract and phytosomes. Evaluation results of phytosomes suggest that bioavailability can be improved by phytosome formulation. Also, Formulation can give effective results against diabetic conditions.
Innovations and Applications in Bioadhesive-Based Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: SV Patil , SB Sutar , SA Yesare , AL Behera
Published: December 2024

Recent technological advancements have significantly increased the demand for Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) in the pharmaceutical industry. Controlled Drug Delivery Systems (CDDS) are a notable example, maintaining consistent drug levels and enhancing bioavailability. However, oral dosage forms can face challenges with fluctuating plasma levels and bioavailability due to variable gastric emptying rates, particularly affecting drugs absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. To address this, Gastroretentive Formulations (GRDFs) have been created to extend gastric retention and improve drug absorption. These include high-density, floating, swelling, expandable, mucoadhesive, and magnetic systems. Among these, the Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System (BDDS) stands out by adhering to the stomach's mucous membrane, thereby improving retention and bioavailability. Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems (PDDS), releases drugs quickly after a set lag time aligned with the body's circadian rhythm, can face absorption issues in the small intestine. Combining BDDS with PDDS, resulting in Bioadhesive Pulsatile Drug Delivery Systems (BPDDS), addresses these challenges by ensuring prolonged gastric retention and precise drug release. This approach offers numerous benefits, such as extended drug distribution, enhanced bioavailability, reduction in dosing frequency, minimized side effects, making it particularly effective for drugs that need chrono-pharmacological delivery, nighttime dosing, or have high first-pass metabolism. BPDDS is a promising strategy for improving patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes.
Scaffold Mediated Carrier as Topical Drug Delivery System: A Review
Authors: L Chaurasia , . Gaurav , MU Islam
Published: December 2024

Background: The development of new pharmaceutical approaches and products based on fiber-based scaffold-mediated carriers for targeted drug delivery is crucial for managing acute and chronic ailments.
Objective: Past research has shown the potential of fiber-based scaffolds in biomedical scaffold design and skin tissue engineering for resorbing skin layers and regenerating skin appendages.
Method: Various fabrication methods, including fiber bonding, gas foaming, phase separation, freeze drying, and solid freeform manufacturing, are employed to create scaffolds.
Results: This review explores the use of different grades of polymers and their pharmacokinetic behavior in scaffold fabrication. It comprehensively discusses various sources of polymers for developing potent fibrous scaffolds, evaluation methods for scaffold physicochemical characteristics, and therapeutic applications in healthcare.
Conclusion: Overall, this review highlights fiber-based scaffold-mediated carriers as promising tools pharmaceuticals and healthcare applications, offering significant potential for targeted drug delivery and tissue regeneration.
Investigation of Edaravone Degradation and Stabilization through Solid Dispersions with Kollidone VA64
Authors: Gautam Sadhana , Khan Shagufta
Published: December 2024

Edaravone (EDA) is an effective antioxidant that is easily degraded, which diminishes its therapeutic efficiency. The
present study assessed the hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of edaravone and its solid dispersion with Kollidon VA
64, a water-soluble polymer. The characterization of the edaravone and solid dispersion was done by Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. The results revealed that edaravone
undergoes extensive degradation under hydrolytic conditions at pH 2, 5, 7, 10 with the following respective rate constant
K: 0.00983 through 0.0107, 0.01279, and up to 0.0201 min⁻¹, as well as under oxidative conditions in 3% H₂O₂ with a K
of 0.00924 min⁻¹. The stability of solid dispersion with KVA 64 was greater with a reduced degradation rate constant of
0.00326, 0.00109, 0.00145, 0.00277 min⁻¹ in pH 2, 5, 7, 10, respectively, and under oxidative conditions in 3% H₂O₂ with
a rate constant K 0.00392 min⁻¹. The study provides valuable insights into the degradation kinetics and stabilization of
edaravone using solid dispersion.
Biosynthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica for the Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Pal Prabir Kumar , Choudhary Naveen Kumar
Published: December 2024

This research explores the antibacterial effects of platinum nanoparticles (PlNPs) created with an aqueous leaf extract from
Azadirachta indica. Biosynthesized PlNPs has shown excellent antibacterial action against both gram +ve and gram -ve
bacteria., indicating their potential for use in biomedical fields. The efficacy of PlNPs was assessed by measuring the
inhibition zone (ZOI) and conducting killing kinetics studies. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the biosynthesized
PlNPs was evaluated against chemically synthesized PlNPs using the MTT assay on L929 cell lines.
A simple method (Schirmer IV) to stimulate reflex tear volume secretion by application of gel ice pack on the closed eyelid in dry eye patients
Authors: Balamurugan R. , Sarma Phulen , Nicodemus Deepthi Slesser , Marimuthu Yamini , Rakesh Upparakadiyala
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

We aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of gel ice pack application on closed eyelids to stimulate reflex tear volume secretion in dry eye patients.

Materials and Methods:

It is a randomized and controlled study. Sixty patients with dry eyes were randomized into two groups of 30 each: Group A (gel ice pack) and Group B (control group, gel pack at room temperature). Tear secretions using a Schirmer strip were measured before and after the gel pack applications and compared.

Results:

The study groups (n = 30 in each) were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics such as best-corrected visual acuity (P > 0.05), intraocular pressure (P > 0.05), and baseline tear volume (P > 0.05). In terms of Schirmer’s reading at 5 min, the application of gel ice pack resulted in a significant increase in lacrimation in Group A (25.77 ± 10.76 for right eye [OD] and 26.43 ± 10.67 for left eye [OS]) when compared to Group B (13.43 ± 3.98 for OD and 13.80 ± 4.55 for OS) in the overall patient population (P < 0.001). The pain score (1–5) was slightly higher in the Group A (1, 1, 0–1) when compared to the control group (0, 0, 0–0), which is statistically significant (P < 0.05). No other adverse events were seen in any of the groups.

Conclusion:

The gel ice pack application on closed eyelids to stimulate reflex tear secretion is a simple, safe, inexpensive, non-invasive, and feasible procedure. Hence, the application of a gel pack (Schirmer IV) stimulate the reflex tear volume secretions could be considered as one of the methods to measure the reflex tear volume secretions.
Volcanic Evolution of the Southern Mountain Neogene Magmatic Belt in Baturagung Range Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyaningsih Sri , Putong Rahel , Prima Anka , Hidayah Radhtya Adzan , Kiswiranti Desi
Published: December 2024

Various Neogene volcanic rocks associated with calcareous sediments compose the Southern Mountain located from Imogiri at Yogyakarta to Wonogiri at Central Java, Indonesia. The volcanic rocks are concentrated along the north side of the Mountains which was recognized as the Neogene magmatic arc of Java; Baturagung is part of them. The discussion focuses on the relationship between the volcanic features and its basin evolution. The methods were geological fieldwork including measuring sections and collecting samples, thin sections, XRF, AAS, and micropaleontology. More than 13 circular hogbacks, circular valleys, and domes are observed based on the SRTM image. The petrology observed pyroxene-rich basaltic volcanic rocks, dacitic volcanic rocks, andesitic volcanic rocks, coral-rich volcanic breccia. From the bottom to the top, its stratigraphy of the Kebo-Butak Formation that notes basaltic volcanic rocks, pumice-rich lapillistone, and tuff of Early Neogene (before P4-N6) with muddy sandstone above the basalts of N 5-6 (Lower Miocene). The Semilir Formation consists of pumice-rich and dacitic tuff. Andesitic volcanic rocks of the Nglanggeran Formation with inlayer of marl of N 13-14. In the volcanic rocks trace elements show REE-rich (84-140 ppm), higher mobile elements of Sr (~480-602 ppm), medium Rb (22.2-23.7 ppm), and medium La (12-21 ppm), and wide range of immmobile trace elements of Nb ~2.7-7.9 ppm, Zr ~53-171 ppm, P ~840-1300 ppm, higher Ti (4400-4900 ppm), and higher Vanadium (V) of 92-302 ppm. Plot TiO2 vs. Al2O3 into the volcanic rocks indicates those were volcanism within plate boundaries. Plot Ta/Th vs Th/Hf shows continental extensional volcanism to continental arc margin. Plot Nb/Zr vs. Th/Zr explains the transitional zone to continental arc volcanism. The spider diagram shows Rb, Ce, P, Ti, Sr, Zr, and Y strongly metasomatized as a result of the upper continental arc. The chondrite normalized REE shows negative trends for Tb, Tm, Lu, Sm, and Eu and positive trends for Ce, Gd, Zr, and Y, which indicate superimposed volcanism under a submarine environment during the Neogene Period. Stratigraphic sections inform were periodically active volcanism. The Kebo-Butak Formation was formed by multiple volcanoes, some of which were active simultaneously while others were not, though both fall within the Early Neogene age range. Similarly, the Semilir and Nglanggeran Formations were also formed by volcanic activity from several volcanoes that were active at different times and overlapped with each other.
Effects of Adverse Drug Reactions and Adverse Drug Events in Hospital Admission Rates and Re-Hospitalization of Patients
Authors: Balidemaj Festina
Published: December 2024

Background: ADRs and ADEs have a great potential to hospitalize and/or re-hospitalize patients. According to McDonnell and Jacobs, one ADR or ADE could lead a patient to a hospital length of stay of an average of 6.1 days. This can lead to lost days of work, a longer recovery time and even economic implications. Methods: A thorough evaluation of the relevant extracted literature has been analyzed thoroughly in order to find out how ADRs and ADEs impact the levels of hospitalization and re-hospitalization of patients and whether strategies, such as reporting systems, can aide in decreasing their overall occurrence. Results: As the level of hospital admissions/re-hospitalizations due to ADRs and ADEs depends on different factors, such as age and location, the data is separated in the following categories: pediatric population, general adult populations and geriatric population. Where data were available, location has been specified within each category as well. Conclusion: ADR and ADE-related hospital admission and readmission rates are age-group related, elderly being at the highest risk. However, these rates are not dependent on whether a country is developed or developing. Also, there are strategies that can be utilized by healthcare providers in order to decrease these rates in the future, such as to provide medication reviews and follow-ups.
The Importance of Knowledge of Risk Factors and Clinical Evaluation for Oral Precancerous Lesions and Oral Cancer in Dentists Community of Tirana
Authors: Kostandini Dorian , Eriksen Nilena , Qorri Erda
Published: December 2024

Early detection is the most effective way for survival and reduced mortality in the case of oral cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of dentists regarding early detection of oral cancer and precancerous lesions in many Dental Clinics in Tirana, Albania. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, where 200 general dentists practicing in private and University clinic in Tirana are involved in one questionnaire, between June - October 2022. This study was conducted using a simple random sampling technique with a self-reported questionnaire with open and closed questions. The dentists, aged from 25 to above 50, were well informed about the major risk factors associated with oral cancer. Around 25% of the respondent paid attention to the overall tongue as a potential site for malignancy. Looking at the dentist’s knowledge about oral cancer; enlargement of cervical lymph nodes was the best-known clinical presentation of oral cancer (85.5%), followed by persistent ulcer (82.5 %). 68/200 dentists felt confident to examine and diagnose an oral precancerous/cancer lesion. Only 11.5% felt adequately trained in diagnostic techniques for early detection of oral precancerous/cancer lesion and were comfortable in performing a biopsy. Mostly the participants (89%) felt that they need further training on oral precancerous/cancer lesion early detection. Dentists must know more scientific data related to precancerous lesions to optimize early diagnosis and referral of patients. There is need for further training courses and continuing education regarding early detection and prevention of oral cancer.
New Approaches to Diagnosis and Management of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. A Literature Review
Authors: Eriksen Nilena , Kostandini Dorian
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a developmental disorder of dental enamel with a systemic origin that affects one to four permanent first molars associated with incisors involvement. The aim of this study is to bring to the attention of professionals this pathology, emphasizing at the same time the importance of early diagnosis and frequency of controls of the affected individuals, including updates on diagnosis criteria. Methodology: This a literature review helping the professionals with new research in this field. Results: The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry has established the criteria for the evaluation of MIH updated in 2022, mostly involved in diagnosis and management. Many studies have shown that prevalence varies in different populations meanwhile have advanced in identifying possible etiological factors. Conclusions:  This literature review related to MIH brings to the attention of professionals this pathology that requires a multidisciplinary intervention. Early diagnosis, identification, and awareness of dentists, and parents can influence its appearance and treatment options. Preventive therapy through remineralization can prevent massive post-eruptive enamel breakdown as well as other serious complications, with an important psycho-social impact on the child's life.
Improving Cinnamomum Burmannii Blume Value Chains for Farmer Livelihood in Kerinci, Indonesia
Authors: Menggala Sidi Rana , Damme P. V.
Published: December 2024

Cinnamon is the most common baking spice in the world. It comes from a small evergreen tree that's part of the Lauraceae family. Genus Cinnamomum regroups some species whose stem bark is harvested, conditioned and traded as cinnamon in the international market. Over the centuries, the species have been domesticated so that now at least six different ones are grown in Southeast Asia. One of the species is burmannii, also known as Koerintji Cinnamon, which generates income for numerous smallholder farmers in Kerinci district, Jambi, Indonesia. Koerintji cinnamon is known for its unparalleled quality that comes with its sharp and sweet flavour, with a slightly bitter edge. However, international market requirements for product certification and quality standards make it difficult for a farmer to comply. Our research will address issues related to (improvement of) productivity, sustainability and value chains faced by cinnamon producers in Kerinci, to strengthen their product’s value chains. Smallholder farmers are very vulnerable to a well-functioning market, and thus empowering the value chains of agricultural products will increase farmers resilience to have access to the market. The research will analyse the development of agricultural value chains, certification . standards on trade mechanism to help farmers earn a better income and prospects.
Public health strategies to combat opioid crisis in the United States?
Authors: Balidemaj Festina
Published: December 2024

Background: The opioid epidemic in the United States is a national public health crisis. Driven by an increase in availability of pharmaceutical opioids and by an increase in their consumption, specifically, for pain treatment, more so in the past twenty years, it has led to an economic cost of prescription opioid abuse, overdose, and dependence in the United States estimated to be 78.5 billion USD. Methods: A thorough evaluation of the relevant extracted literature has been used to answer the question of the most effective ways to regulate health markets to decrease the opioid crisis in the United States, using keywords and phrases such as opioid epidemic in the US, prescription drug abuse, prescription medication abuse in US, medication misuse, cost-effective ways to health market regulation, drug monitoring programs, prescriber continuing education, provider continuing education, and pain management optimization. Results: Overcoming this epidemic nationwide requires improvement in patient utilization of and access to safe and effective treatment options for opioid abuse and overdose, addressing the stigma correlated with opioid use, considering appropriate use of abuse deterrent formulations (ADF) along with patient education, and improving prescribing practices via utilization of drug monitoring programs, CDC opioid prescribing guidelines and provider continuing education. Conclusion: Utilizing and implementing the aforementioned steps has shown to be a challenge. Further and repeated attempts are needed, while at the same time considering possible new steps that could help reinforce their utilization further.