bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaving the Financial Nest: Connecting Young Adults’ Financial Independence to Financial Security
Authors: Bea Megan Doherty , Yi Youngmin
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study examines variation in young adults’ transitions to financial independence and the relationship between these transitions and financial security. Background: Individuals on their families for substantial financial support well into early adulthood, even as young adults perceive independence as a key marker of adulthood. Given known variation in transitions to adulthood and unequal exposure to financial precariousness across social groups, the authors ask whether heterogeneity emerges with regards to the timing of financial independence and types of support received, and how differences in pathways to independence may matter for financial security later in young adulthood.Method: The authors estimate group-based trajectory models of four indicators of financial independence for 1,719 young adults from age 18 - 27 using data from the 2005-2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (http://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/). These trajectories are then used to estimate predicted levels of financial security at the end of the study period, using logistic and linear regression analysis. Results: Results show that paths to young adults’ financial independence are best characterized by four types of trajectories: Consistently Independent (23%), Quickly Independent (41%), Gradually Independent (23%), and Consistently Supported (13%), with types and duration of support varying substantially across trajectories. The authors find that young adults experiencing trajectories characterized by lower levels of familial support also report higher levels of financial insecurity by the end of the survey. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the patterning and timing of financial independence in the transition to adulthood has implications for financial wellbeing.
Compliance with the law for traditional and grey crimes - A seven country comparison
Authors: Pósch Krisztián
Published: July 2018

Drawing upon data from a representative sample survey in seven European countries the paper builds upon procedural justice theory in three ways. First, a distinction is made between traditional and grey crimes, which (a)differ in their frequency and perceived morality and (b)are related in different ways to perceived risk of sanction and perceived legitimacy. Second, a comprehensive definition of legitimacy is employed that differentiates between (i)police and law and (ii)right to rule and entitlement to be obeyed judgements. Third, the concept of “bounded authority” is added to the framework. The findings indicate qualified support for the normative model of crime control, but only with respect to grey crimes. Furthermore, including “bounded authority” enhances the explanatory power of appropriate police behaviour.
His and Hers: Economic Factors and Relationship Quality in Germany
Authors: Hardie Jessica Halliday
Published: July 2018

Research has linked economic factors to relationship quality in the United States, primarily using cross-sectional data. In the current study, 2 waves of the Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics data (n = 2,937) were used to test the gendered association between economic factors and relationship satisfaction among young German couples. In contrast to U.S.- based studies, the findings showed striking gender differences in the association between economic factors and relationship satisfaction for Germans. In cross-sectional models, women’s relationship satisfaction was positively associated with receiving government economic support, and men’s satisfaction was positively associated with poverty status and negatively associated with being a breadwinner. Longitudinal models revealed that changes in poverty status are associated with women’s satisfaction, but men’s satisfaction remains tied to their role as family provider. These unexpected results suggest that men’s satisfaction is positively associated with a more equal division of labor market activity between partners.
More Religious, Less Dogmatic: Toward a General Framework for Gender Differences in Religion
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: July 2018

Gender gaps in religiosity are among the most consistent findings in the social sciences. The literature, however, has typically under-emphasized gender theory, paid insufficient attention to variation across different contexts, and failed to consider styles of religious expression. This study draws on gender theory, brings religion and political attitudes research into dialogue, and explores potential gender differences in religious dogmatism (e.g., religious absolutism, exclusivity, and intolerance). Using U.S. data from the Baylor Religion Survey and cross-national data from the International Social Survey Programme, I demonstrate that women are generally more religious, but less dogmatic. As expected based on gender theory, however, the patterns I uncover are not universal and vary by societal context (i.e., Christian vs. non-Christian nations). I argue that religion appears to be a gendered sphere like any other in which we express our gendered selves, and that gender gaps in religion are the result not of essential differences, but of context-specific gender regimes, religion regimes, and the simultaneous “doing” of both gender and religion.
A Theory of War
Authors: Scheff thomas
Published: July 2018

A Theory of War and Violence (First section)Thomas Scheff, G. Reginald Daniel, and Joseph Loe-Sterphone, Dept of Sociology, UCSB(9260 words total) Abstract: It is possible that war in modern societies is largely driven by emotions, but in a way that is almost completely hidden. Modernity individualizes the self and tends to ignore emotions. As a result, conflict can be caused by sequences in which the total hiding of humiliation leads to vengeance. This essay outlines a theory of the social-emotional world implied in the work of C. H. Cooley and others. Cooley’s concept of the “looking-glass self” can be used as antidote to the assumptions of modernity: the basic self is social and emotional: selves are based on “living in the mind” of others, with a result of feeling either pride of shame. Cooley discusses shame at some length, unlike most approaches, which tend to hide it. This essay proposes that the complete hiding of shame can lead to feedback loops (spirals) with no natural limit: shame about shame and anger is only the first step. Emotion backlogs can feed back when emotional experiences are completely hidden: avoiding all pain can lead to limitless spirals. These ideas may help explain the role of France in causing WWI, and Hitler’s rise to power in Germany. To the extent that these propositions are true, the part played by emotions and especially shame in causing wars need to be further studied.“...if a whole nation were to feel ashamed it would be like a lion recoiling in order to spring.” Karl Marx (1975, p. 200)
Diversity Levers
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

Patent law is capable of prompting innovation across a wide range of technologies by virtue of flexible "policy levers" that allow patent standards to be calibrated to the impediments that characterize different economic sectors. But it has become increasingly clear that social bias also raises significant barriers to successful creativity and innovation. In this essay I argue that the same policy levers used to address economic impediments to innovation can also be used to address other social impediments to innovation. I offer as a detailed example one possible doctrinal response to the well-documented gender gap in patentable innovation. I conclude by suggesting that such doctrinal "diversity levers" are available to address innovation deficits among other underrepresented innovators, but that considerable work remains to identify when and where such intervention might be effective.
Review Symposium of Cheap Sex: The Transformation of Men, Marriage, and Monogamy
Authors: Bridges Tristan , England Paula , King Barbara J. , Cohen Philip N.
Published: July 2018

These are preprint versions of a review symposium on Cheap Sex: The Transformation of Men, Marriage, and Monogamy, by Mark Regnerus, forthcoming in the journal Men and Masculinities.
#TheFappening: Virtual Manhood Acts in (Homo)Social Media
Authors: Moloney Mairead , Love Tony
Published: July 2018

Using an interactionist framework, we analyze publicly available data from Twitter to track real-time reactions to the widely publicized celebrity nude photo hacking of 2014 (“The Fappening”). We ask: “Related to The Fappening, what manhood acts are employed in virtual social space?” Using search terms for “fappening” or “#thefappening”, we collected 100 tweets per hour from August 31 to October 1, 2014 (Average: 1700/day). Coding and qualitative analyses of a sub-sample of tweets (N=9750) reveal four virtual manhood acts commonly employed to claim elevated status in the heterosexist hierarchy and reproduce gendered inequality. These acts include: 1) creation of homosocial, heterosexist space 2) sexualization of women 3) signaling possession of a heterosexual, male body and 4) humor as a tool of oppression. This article introduces the concept of “virtual manhood acts” and contributes to growing understandings of the reproduction of manhood and the oppression of women in online social spaces.
Made in America? Immigrant Occupational Mobility in First Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Catron Peter
Published: July 2018

Assimilation research largely assumes that Southern and Eastern European immigrants achieved assimilation due to job ladders within manufacturing firms in the first half of the twentieth century. But this literature has never tested these claims and often acknowledges that little is known about whether Italians and Slavs experienced upward mobility. Did manufacturing allow for the upward advancement among European-origin groups? Using unique datasets containing employment histories in three manufacturing companies – A.M. Byers Company, Pullman-Standard Manufacturing, and Ford Motor Company - between 1900 and 1950, this article is the first to analyze occupational mobility within factories among European-origin groups. Results suggest that organizational structures within firms through the formation of internal labor markets did little to counter or prevent other forces that kept migrants from achieving upward mobility. Migrants ended their careers within firms where they began – positions at the bottom of the occupational hierarchy – which runs contrary to assimilation research.
Other minds and God: Russell and Stout on James and Schiller
Authors: Button Tim
Published: July 2018

In 1907–8, Russell and Stout presented an objection against James and Schiller, to which both James and Schiller replied. In this paper, I shall revisit their transatlantic exchange. Doing so will yield a better understanding of Schiller’s relationship to a worryingly solipsistic brand of phenomenalism. It will also allow us to appreciate a crucial difference between Schiller and James; a difference which James explicitly downplayed.Forthcoming in In M. Baghramian and S. Marchetti (eds.), Pragmatism and the European Traditions: Encounters with analytic philosophy and phenomenology before the great divide.
The Revival of Translation as a Fifth Skill in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Review of Literature
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , AYACHIA Houda
Published: July 2018

With the advent of the monolingual principle entrenched by the Reform Movement of the late nineteenth century and exponents of the Direct Method, translation has been treated, for a long time, as a skeleton in the closet. Recently, however, many researchers (Witte, Harden & Ramos de Oliveira Harden, 2009; Cook, 2010; Leonardi, 2010; Malmkjaer, 2010) have questioned the outright dismissal of translation from the foreign language classroom and called for reassessing its role. Moreover, they welcomed it as a fifth skill alongside reading, writing, listening, and speaking that learners need in their learning and future careers. This paper argues for the rehabilitation of translation in the teaching and learning of foreign languages. It attempts to give a panorama of the revival of translation. So, it first reconsiders its dismissal in the method era and then it summarises the literature on its revival in the 21st century. The review of literature has revealed that the onslaught against translation was illegitimate and that the literature in favour of it is a reputable, a recent, and an abundant one.
Encouraging Software Reuse
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

In the last fifteen years, the primary means of legal protection forcomputer software has shifted from copyright to patent. We argue that oneunanticipated effect of this trend may be to encourage software reuse.Traditionally, computer programmers have reinvented software components,coding programs from scratch each time a new one is desired rather thanbuying and reusing existing components. This process is inefficient, and isin stark contrast to the normal practice in other engineering disciplines.We argue that copyright law encourages reinvention and discourages thedevelopment of a market for tradeable software components because it allowscompetitors to appropriate the value of a new software invention withoutpayment to the original developer of that invention, but forbidscompetitors from copying the computer code implementing that invention. Theresult is that competitors take inventions from others, but write their owncode to implement those inventions. By contrast, patent law gives strongprotection to inventions, forcing competitors to license the patent inorder to make any product incorporating the idea. It is reasonable toexpect that one effect of increasing reliance on patent law will be anincrease in licenses of both the patented idea and the implementing code.This licensing should in turn pave the way for the trading and reuse ofsoftware components.Note: This paper was published in its final form at 49 Stan. L. Rev. 255(1997).
Normative Beliefs about Money in Families: Balancing Togetherness, Autonomy, and Equality
Authors: Pepin Joanna R.
Published: July 2018

Using original data from a nationally representative vignette-survey experiment (n = 3,986), this study investigated norms about income sharing within families. Respondents were asked to select a preferred income allocation strategy for a fictional couple with varied circumstances. Findings showed that despite differences in fictional couples’ marital and parental statuses, the majority of respondents indicated all couples should ideally pursue some level of autonomy within their relationships. Respondents also believed higher-earning partners ought to hold back a greater absolute value of their income, potentially reproducing unequal labor market conditions within families. When women were presented as the primary earner, the ideal level of withholding income was slightly larger in magnitude than when men were shown as the primary earner. Findings challenge the notion that marriage distinctively establishes a unitary family interest and suggest normative support for women’s self-determination in lieu of a push for gender equality.
Progressivity Expressions in Hassawi Dialect.
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Alabdullah Hamdah Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Progressivity expressions in many languages and in some variations in dialectal Arabic are discussed whereas the expressions of the progressive aspect in the eastern Arabian dialect and the Hassawi dialect have not been studied before. Therefore, the main objective of the dissertation is to provide a description of the progressivity expressions in the Hassawi dialect. These expressions denote several meanings: duration, contingent happenings, temporariness, incompletion of actions and, in some instances, they show a ‘temporal frame effect’. It is argued that there are 13 means that denote progressivity in the Hassawi Dialect. Four of them were found in the literature. There are lexical main verbs functioning as aspectual verbs that express continuation such as: the simple form that consists of the imperfective form of activity, accomplishment, frequency, and passive meaning verbs that occur in all tenses and it is used interchangeably with the other progressive constructions showing that there is no opposition between the simple form and the progressive form. In addition, the active participles ‘gaaᶜid/jaalis’ that mean ‘sitting, remaining, staying’ in all tenses, the perfective verbs ‘jalas/gaᶜad’ meaning ‘sat, stayed’and ‘tamm/ Zal’that mean ‘stay,remain.completed’ and ‘stay,reman,continue’, respectively, in the past and the imperfective verbs ‘yagᶜid/yajils –iyZil/iytimm’ in the present and the future preceding the imperfective form of activity, accomplishment, frequency, and passive meaning verbs and in very few cases with the state and achievement verbs. On the other hand, there is also a prepositional phrase ‘fiᶜizz’ behaving aspectually and denoting progressivity in all tenses followed by activity, accomplishment, frequency and a few state verbal nouns. Additionally, there is the active participle of some translocative, activity and very few state verbs in affirmative sentences and with a lot of the activity, and accomplishment verbs in the negative sentences in the present, past and the future. The imperfective and the perfective means are normally negated by ‘maa’ and for the purpose of intensifying the same action or introducing another action, ‘mu’, its variants and the negative copula are used instead. The perfective ‘Zal/tamm’ is either preceded by the negation particle denoting a progressive reading or followed by the negation particle indicating two readings; habitual or progressive. The active participles and the prepositional phrase denoting progressivity are negated by the particle ‘mu’normally in the present tense and by ‘maa’ in the past and the future tenses. Finally, the progressive construction in Hassawi dialect shows clear evidence that support Anderson’s localistic theory which indicates that the notion of location and direction is involved in the different aspect expressions in many languages. In one construction, a locative participle is used and in the other one, a locative prepositional phrase is used.
Recent Developments in Patent Law (Spring 2016)
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

This paper summarizes the most important patent cases in the past 12months, from May 2015 through April 2016.
Is this Relevant?: Physician Perceptions, Clinical Relevance, and Religious Content in Clinical Interactions
Authors: Franzen Aaron B.
Published: July 2018

Despite wide support among physicians for practicing patient-centered care,clinical interactions are primarily driven by physicians’ perception ofrelevance. These perceptions of relevance depend on the physician’s ownbiographical background. While some physicians will perceive a connectionbetween religion and patient health, this relevance will be less apparentfor others. I argue here that physician responses when religious/spiritualtopics come up during clinical interactions will depend on their ownreligious/spiritual background. The more central religion is for thephysician, as reflected by their religious/spiritual orientation, intrinsicreligiosity, and religious coping, the greater their perception ofreligion’s impact on health outcomes and their inclusion ofreligion/spirituality within clinical interactions. Using a nationallyrepresentative sample of physicians in the U.S. and mediated path models, Iestimate models for five different physician actions to evaluate theserelationships. I find that a physician’s religious background is stronglyassociated with whether or not they think religion impacts health outcomes,which is strongly predictive of inclusion. I also find that not all of theassociation between inclusion and physicians’ religious background ismediated by thinking religion impacts health outcomes. Issues of religion’srelevance for medicine are important to the degree that religious beliefsare an important dimension of patients’ lives.
Beyond Refusal to Deal: A Cross-Atlantic View of Copyright, Competition and Innovation Policies
Authors: Katz Ariel
Published: July 2018

Conventional wisdom holds that the European Union has opted to apply its competition law to the exercise of intellectual property rights to a much greater extent than has the United States. We argue that, at least in the context of copyright protection, this conventional wisdom is false. While European antitrust regulation of refusal to license one's intellectual property does seem much more robust and activist than U.S. antitrust regulation of similar conduct, focusing solely on one narrow aspect of antitrust doctrine — the treatment of a unilateral refusal to deal — tells less than half the story.Once various doctrines of copyright law are taken into account, the substantive difference between the European and American approaches not only narrows, but in some key respects is reversed. While European jurisdictions have relatively expansive copyright protection which may require antitrust intervention to check anti-competitive uses of copyrighted works, American copyright law provides stronger internal limits on copyright protection, which thereby lessens the need for resort to antitrust law as an external check on anti-competitive uses of copyrighted works. Furthermore, when the broader impact that antitrust law might have on the exercise of IPRs in the United States is considered (not only in substance, but also in antitrust process), it becomes apparent that in key respects, when innovative-competition is at stake, U.S. law grants overall weaker copyright protection than that available in Europe. We also explain why the two jurisdictions have adopted distinct approaches to resolving similar problems and evaluate those approaches.
The Impact of Candidate Selection Rules and Electoral Vulnerability on Legislative Behaviour in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Fernandes Jorge M. , Geese Lucas , Schwemmer Carsten
Published: July 2018

Legislators are political actors whose main goal is to get re-elected. They use their legislative repertoire to help them to cater to the interests of their principals. In this paper, we argue that we need to move beyond treating electoral systems as monolithic entities, as if all legislators operating under the same set of macro-rules shared the same set of incentives. Rather, we need to account for within-system variation, namely, candidate selection rules and individual electoral vulnerability. Using a most different systems design, we turn to Germany, Ireland, and Portugal to leverage both cross-system and within-system variation. We use an original dataset of 345.000 parliamentary questions. Findings show that candidate selection rules blur canonical electoral system boundaries. Electoral vulnerability has a similar effect in closed-list and mixed-systems, but not in preferential voting settings.
Crowd Science: Measurements, Models, and Methods
Authors: Prpić John
Published: July 2018

The increasing practice of engaging crowds, where organizations use IT to connect with dispersed individuals for explicit resource creation purposes, has precipitated the need to measure the precise processes and benefits of these activities over myriad different implementations. In this work, we seek to address these salient and non-trivial considerations by laying a foundation of theory, measures, and research methods that allow us to test crowd engagement efficacy across organizations, industries, technologies, and geographies. To do so, we anchor ourselves in the Theory of Crowd Capital, a generalizable framework for studying IT-mediated crowd engagement phenomena, and put forth an empirical apparatus of testable measures and generalizable methods to begin to unify the field of crowd science.Prpić, J., & Shukla, P. (2016). Crowd Science: Measurements, Models, and Methods. Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences #49. January 2016, Kauai, Hawaii, USA. IEEE Computer Society Press.
The Foundations of Individuals' Generalized Social Trust: A Review
Authors: Bekkers Rene
Published: July 2018

This chapter reviews the literature on the causes of individuals' generalized social trust (trust in unknown others) from a wide-range of social science disciplines. We structure the review around two broad classes of explanations: dispositional explanations (trust as a disposition) and experiential explanations (trust as a response to individual experiences). Specific attention is paid to the potential for drawing causal inferences - based on quality of data, and the methods used - in the studies reviewed.
Rationality, Perception, and the All-Seeing Eye
Authors: Felin Teppo
Published: July 2018

Seeing—perception and vision—is implicitly the fundamental building block of the literature on rationality and cognition. Herbert Simon and Daniel Kahneman’s arguments against the omniscience of economic agents—and the concept of bounded rationality—depend critically on a particular view of the nature of perception and vision. We propose that this framework of rationality merely replaces economic omniscience with perceptual omniscience. We show how the cognitive and social sciences feature a pervasive but problematic meta-assumption that is characterized by an "all-seeing eye." We raise concerns about this assumption and discuss different ways in which the all-seeing eye manifests itself in existing research on (bounded) rationality. We first consider the centrality of vision and perception in Simon’s pioneering work. We then point to Kahneman’s work—particularly his article "Maps of Bounded Rationality"—to illustrate the pervasiveness of an all-seeing view of perception, as manifested in the extensive use of visual examples and illusions. Similar assumptions about perception can be found across a large literature in the cognitive sciences. The central problem is the present emphasis on inverse optics—the objective nature of objects and environments, e.g., size, contrast, and color. This framework ignores the nature of the organism and perceiver. We argue instead that reality is constructed and expressed, and we discuss the species-specificity of perception, as well as perception as a user interface. We draw on vision science as well as the arts to develop an alternative understanding of rationality in the cognitive and social sciences. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our arguments for the rationality and decision-making literature in cognitive psychology and behavioral economics, along with suggesting some ways forward
"Songs of Innocence and of Experience": Amateur Users and Digital Texts
Authors: Visconti Amanda
Published: July 2018

Digital texts promise to allow learning beyond that possible withtraditional resources. Purpose-built digital texts are crafted for specificresearch purposes, with developer-users and devoted academics comprisingtheir primary, "scholar" audience. A secondary, "amateur" audience oflearners with less digital text experience also relies on thesespurpose-built resources. Does the promise of new learning from digitaltexts extend beyond scholars to amateurs, or does the design ofpurpose-built digital texts, by focusing on more experienced users withdirect lines of communication to digital text developers, prevent thisextension of benefits? This study gauged one subgroup of amateur users'perceptions of the value of digital texts in terms of answeringself-generated research queries. The participants, graduate students fromthe University of Michigan's information master's program, worked with adigital text and completed a survey assessing their experience of digitaltext features and perception of their learning success. An analysis of thesurvey data produces an introductory understanding of amateur users'perceptions of their digital text use, their design needs, and theirsuccess or failure at learning through digital texts. The narrativeresponses suggest that while the idea of new learning from digital texts isforeign to the amateur audience, their assessment of digital text featureswas not particularly marked by their amateur status. This result suggeststhat designing purpose-built digital texts to serve both digital textscholars as well as some amateur subgroups is a reasonable task.
Things You Should Care About in the New Patent Statute
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

A brief outline of the twenty most significant changes in the new patentstatute, organized by when those changes happen.
Economists' Interest in Collective Decision After World War II: A History
Authors: Cherrier Beatrice , Fleury Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2018

This paper tracks economists’ rising, yet elusive and unstable interest incollective decision mechanism after World War II. We replace theirexamination of voting procedures and social welfare functions in the 1940sand 1950s in the context of their growing involvement with policy-making.Confronted with natural scientists’ and McCathythes’ accusations ofideological bias, positive studies emphasizing that collective decisionsmechanisms were unstable and inefficient, and normative impossibilities,economists largely relied on the idea the policy ends they worked withreflected a “social consensus.” As the latter crumbled in the 1960s,growing disagreement erupted on how to identify and aggregate thoseindividual values which economists believed should guide applied work, inparticular in cost-benefit analysis. The 1970s and 1980s brought newapproaches to collective decision: Arrow’s impossibility was solved byexpanding the informational basis, it was showed that true preferencescould be revealed by making decision costly, and experimentalists andmarket designers enabled these mechanisms to be tested in the lab beforebeing sold to those public bodies looking for decision procedures thatemulated markets. In this new regime, the focus paradoxically shifted tocoordination, revelation and efficiency, and those economists studyingcollective decision processes were marginalized.
Where to File Your Patent Case
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Patent lawyers spend a great deal of time figuring out the best districtsin which to file patent cases. Based on a comprehensive study of all patentlawsuits over the past ten years, I identify the best – and worst –districts for patent owners along a variety of metrics. The answers willsurprise you.
Copyrightability of Recombinant DNA Sequences
Authors: Burk Dan
Published: July 2018

The recent emergence and rapid growth of biotechnology as a commercial industry has raised serious questions concerning the role of patent law as the industry's dominant form of intellectual property protection. Several commentators, drawing on an analogy to computer software protection, have suggested copyright law as an alternative method of protecting recombinant DNA innovation. This article reviews these arguments in light of recent court decisions and scholarly commentary concerning copyright of computer software. The article argues that copyright law is not sacrosanct, but rather represents a particular scope of proprietary interests that may be used to accommodate the needs of new technologies such as biotechnology. The article asserts, however, that the decision to apply copyright protection to such a technology should be based on policy rather than on analogy. The article reviews the basic characteristics of both the science of molecular biology and of the biotechnology industry, and, by contrasting these characteristics to those of the software industry, concludes that, as a matter of policy, copyright is not the most appropriate form of intellectual property protection for biotechnology.
Point Pattern Analysis as Tool for Digital Geoarchaeology – A Case Study of Megalithic Graves in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
Authors: Knitter Daniel , Nakoinz Oliver
Published: July 2018

In this contribution we apply different methods of spatial and geomorphometric analysis in order to present a general approach of data exploration in areas where detailed local information is absent. Our data are based on locations of megalithic graves from Funnel Beaker societies (3700-2800 BCE) in the area of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Using these locations, we apply methods of point pattern analysis in order to reconstruct the spatial processes that created the sample: We use density based measures to show the influence of first order effects on the dataset. While first order effects are related to the underlying areal characteristics of the point locations and hence are determinant of their intensity, second-order effects are the result of interactions between points. We conduct distance related approaches, e.g.\ focusing on nearest neighbor characteristics, in order to investigate the interaction between the points. The point pattern analyses is complemented by integrating geomorphometric measures that are indirectly indicative for some general environmental conditions, even in prehistoric times. This helps (a) to relate first-order effects to societal or environmental features and (b) to understand the specific pattern of interactions between the points. The necessary raw data in form of digital elevation models are freely available for large parts of the globe. All analyses are conducted using free and open source software in order to provide their limitless application.
Catastrophic Gradualism: to Thee I write
Authors: Iyer Niranjan
Published: July 2018

The second I saw the title: Catastrophic Gradualism, I thought to myself, this can’t possibly be about the effect laziness and general apathy has on society, could it? Did Orwell and the like pick up on this disease more than fifty odd years ago? If it was an issue then, one can only imagine its impact of such a thing in our modern apaced society. How appropriate is the word catastrophic?! It validates a feeling that the general populace wont so much as lift an eyebrow until either the cause impacts one in a manner dire, provides arbitrage or is thrust upon them by authority. This type of behavior resonates with the concept of the path of least resistance. Why would anyone do more than the absolute required to get from a to b? I am surely not defending this behavior, I am only trying to understand and rationalize it. Surely society is divided with those willing effort for change and those not so. Those seeking change are surely fueled by ambition applying to almost anything: technology, science and politics or even with general work related matters. In my general experience, one can observe the same overall effects of Gradualism on society by observing the statistical sample that is the workplace.
Online Platforms, Rate Parity, and the Free Riding Defence
Authors: Vezzoso Simonetta
Published: July 2018

A two-sided platform business is a new type of intermediary to be found ina growing number of economic sectors. As to the hospitability industry inparticular, recent innovations in the field of digital technologiesprompted the rise of so called Online Travel Agents (OTAs) and the demiseof the traditional merchant model.Recently national competition authorities (NCAs) in the EU investigated socalled rate parity clauses in the contracts between the three largest OTAsand their hotel partners. These are contract clauses laying down thehotelier’s obligation to display the same room prices across saleschannels. The parallel investigations conducted by the NCAs revealed anarray of anticompetitive effects stemming from rate parity obligations.While the German NCA concluded that there was insufficient evidence of theefficiency gains of these clauses, and therefore decided to prohibit them,the French, Italian and Swedish NCAs implicitly recognised that some levelof protection against free-riding was necessary, and accepted commitmentsto reduce the scope of the rate parity obligation.The hotel online booking cases were closely followed in the EU and beyond,since they could help clarify a number of key assessment issues concerninga category of commercial practices already widely spread in online markets.In-depth analyses of the NCAs’ findings are now needed, especially in viewof the promotion of an effective antitrust-based platform regulation. Inparticular, this article explores some of the challenges related to theapplication of the traditional free-riding defence to rate parityobligations.
My City Is Smarter than Yours
Authors: Burns Ryan
Published: July 2018

In this presentation at the 2018 AAG (New Orleans, LA), Ryan Burns delivered these provocations to kick off a panel about the buzzwords around open data.
Introduction to: Cracking the Code: The Challenge of a Semiotic Sociology
Authors: Cossu Andrea
Published: July 2018

The working paper is a middle-stage draft of the introduction to the book manuscript of Cracking the Code: The Challenge of a Semiotic Sociology, to be published in late 2019 or early 2020
The place of education/learning in the hierarchy of Engels’ curves of consumption: the quantitative basis of mechanisms finally elucidated.
Authors: sitaramam vetury , Vetury-Iyer Pallavi
Published: July 2018

The study focuses quantitatively on ways to assess school education, currently under severe criticism, in terms the first of its three major components, students, teachers and curriculum,. We developed a novel method to assess long term retention as a measure of true learning in tests that do not involve any cramming and found to our dismay that it falls progressively more towards recent years. Our initial work on poverty showed that consumption on commodities is hyperbolic (as in catalysis) and hierarchic and, that the total income is not fractionally distributed among the commodities, as economists assume; the leftover (residual) income after the more essential items is spent on the commodities of lesser preference. Education is also a naturally ordered commodity and parental income quantitatively determined school dropouts/attendance obeying the same hyperbolic relationship, as we could show. We could thereby affirm the first-ever mechanism for Engels’ three curves of consumption, based on the time constants associated with the corresponding hyperbolic functions. The disturbing observation was that long term retention as a true measure of learning decreases rapidly with years and seems to be independent of socioeconomic circumstances and gender but depends on subjects. The test also revealed that those who are not good at cramming could exhibit good retention, though the conventional tests fail to identify them. Causes of the progressive loss of retention for the recent years, either as limits to learning or as limitations in imparting learning, need to be assessed by further studies. This would hopefully begin an era of inclusive education for a just society for which methodology beyond pious intentions never existed.
Rational Action
Authors: Oliver Pamela Elaine
Published: July 2018

This chapter challenges stereotypical representations of rational approaches as necessarily based on isolated individuals. It argues instead that the real contributions of rational action theory to understanding social movements have been made at the group level, where simplifying and even simplistic assumptions about individual motivations have permitted genuine insights into the differences between different kinds of actions and the differences between groups. There is not one dynamic of collective action, but many dynamics. Providing the collective good is unproblematic in some situations and impossible in others. In some contexts, incentive systems help promote collective action, while in other parts of the space, incentive systems can actually lead people to enforce outcomes that no one wants. A theory of strategic agency is needed to understand why collective action takes different forms in different contexts and how actors can make choices that change the strategic game they are playing.
Jamaica Kincaid’s Lucy as a Narrative of Exile and Identity
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Youssef Sayed Mohammed
Published: July 2018

Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy is an artist novel whose eponymous protagonist breaks away from such forces as colonial and patriarchal mores, which eventually contributes to her construction of her own hybrid identity and inaugurates her maturity. This struggle is established perfectly well through Lucy’s apparent resistance to the constraints primarily imposed on her race and gender at home by both her mother and the Eurocentric society on the one hand and the androcentric and racist society she encounters in diaspora on the other hand. Surprisingly enough, Lucy, who is chastened towards the end of the book, creates her rite of passage towards development and independence through her valiant efforts to overcome such confines at any cost. The aim of the present article is to analyse from a postcolonial perspective the protagonist’s quest for identity in diaspora, the obstacles she overcomes to do so and to what extent she is affected by her new culture. This is manifested through intertwining discussions of androcentrism, colonial and postcolonial rebellion with questions of identity, hybridity, diaspora and cultural displacement.
Work-to-Family Enrichment and Gender Inequalities in Eight European Countries
Authors: Beham Barbara , Drobnič Sonja , Präg Patrick , Baierl Andreas , Lewis Suzan
Published: July 2018

All social roles have positive and rewarding as well as negative or problematic aspects. Research on the work–family interface has predominantly focused on conflicting roles. In contrast, this paper extends research on work–family enrichment (WFE), a positive aspect of work and gender differences in WFE in a cross-national context. Drawing upon social role theory and the culture sensitive theory on work–family enrichment, we examined gender differences in experiences of developmental WFE in a sample of service sector employees in eight European countries. In line with traditional gender roles, women reported more WFE than men. The relationship was moderated by both an objective and subjective measure of gender egalitarianism but in the opposite direction as hypothesized. The gender gap in WFE was larger in more gender-egalitarian countries, where women may be better able to transfer resources from the work domain to benefit their family role than in low egalitarian societies. National differences in labor market factors, family models and the public discourse on work–life balance mainly explain the unanticipated findings.
A Study on Possible Selves of Turkish Pre-Service EFL Teachers
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Babanoğlu M. Pınar
Published: July 2018

There is no doubt that teaching profession requires passing through a long and challenging path where student teachers/teacher candidates undergo a variety of processes, phases and transformations. Beauchamp and Thomas (2009) point out that examining new teacher identity can be considered as an important step to develop more effective teacher training programmes and identity development of a teacher is related to understanding the notion of ‘self’. This study investigates the possible selves of pre-service EFL teachers in relation to the concept of developing new teacher identity. Aim of the study is to measure possible selves of new teachers that they expect to become and/or fear becoming in the near feature. In order to achieve this goal, ‘New Teacher Possible Selves Questionnaire’ (Hamman, Wang & Burley, 2013; Dalioğlu & Adıgüzel, 2015) was used to measure EFL teacher candidates’ expected and feared teacher possible-selves. A six-point Likert type scale of questionnaire on possible selves was applied to 149 pre-service EFL teachers from two universities. Results indicate that EFL teacher candidates have positive expectations and no certain fears for their first year of teaching, especially female teacher candidates who have higher scores than males in terms of expected possible-selves.
EARLY BYZANTINE RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE IN JIYEH (PORPHYREON) AFTER EXCAVATION SEASONS IN 2012 AND 2013
Authors: Gwiazda Mariusz
Published: July 2018

This article presents the results of current studies of Early Byzantine residential architecture in Jiyeh (ancient Porphyreon) that represents the best preserved remains of architecture of this period on the Lebanese coast. This preliminary characteristic is based on fi eldwork carried out in 2012 –13 in the northern, southeastern and western parts of the important housing quarter in Sector D, extended to include the investigations in Sector E in 2013. The discussion draws upon the results of earlier excavation work in Jiyeh (Porphyreon), also taking into account parallels from other Syro-Palestinian sites.
Good to be Disliked? Exploring the Relationship Between Disapproval of Organizations and Job Satisfaction in the French Context.
Authors: Roulet Thomas J
Published: July 2018

Previous research has found that a positive relationship exists between favorable perception of a firm and employees’ job satisfaction: the more positively an organization is perceived, the happier are its workers. However, the current literature has overlooked the consequences of a negative corporate image, or disapproval of organizations. Building on the concept of organizational identification and the social identity literature, we fill in this gap and counterintuitively argue that employees are more likely to identify and align with their organizations when it faces illegitimate criticism. We test our hypotheses on a large-scale survey collected in France and find that perception of disapproval of an organization has indeed an adverse effect on job satisfaction. However, if employees perceive criticism as illegitimate, job satisfaction is positively impacted. This study suggests the existence of micro-level social identity reactions in case of unjustified disapprobation: employees stick together and hold the line against criticism, strengthening the collective identity and adding positive emotional value to the work experience.
Morphological Analysis of the Glorious Qur'an: A Comparative Survey of Three Corpora
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Sabtan Yasser Muhammad Naguib
Published: July 2018

Some attempts have been made in the academic community to carry out an automatic morphological analysis of the Qur'anic text. Among the well-known endeavors in this regard is the morphological annotation of the Quranic Arabic Corpus (QAC) which was carried out in Leeds University, UK. In addition, researchers in the University of Haifa had previously implemented a computational system for the morphological analysis of the Qur'an. More recently, a new Quranic corpus has been built in Mohammed I University in Morocco. To the best of our knowledge, these are the only three studies to produce a morphologically analyzed part-of-speech tagged Qur'an encoded as a structured linguistic database. This paper surveys the morphological analysis in the above-mentioned annotation projects and compares between them to test the quality of their analysis using five criteria related to display of the text in the corpus, word segmentation, morphological disambiguation, part of speech (POS) tag set and manual verification. The paper concludes that the QAC of Leeds and the Quranic corpus of Morocco surpass the Quranic corpus of Haifa with regard to most of these criteria. Furthermore, some additional POS tags for derivative nouns are suggested in a step to reach a more fine-grained tag set that could be proposed for POS tagging of Qur'anic Arabic.