bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Processing of Carbon Nanomaterials
Authors: Kawamoto Masuki , He Pan , Ito Yoshihiro
Published: November 2016

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) from fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are promising carbon allotropes for various applications such as energy‐conversion devices and biosensors. Because pristine CNMs show substantial van der Waals interactions and a hydrophobic nature, precipitation is observed immediately in most organic solvents and water. This inevitable aggregation leads to poor processability and diminishes the intrinsic properties of the CNMs. Highly toxic and hazardous chemicals are used for chemical and physical modification of CNMs, even though efficient dispersed solutions are obtained. The development of an environmentally friendly dispersion method for both safe and practical processing is a great challenge. Recent green processing approaches for the manipulation of CNMs using chemical and physical modification are highlighted. A summary of the current research progress on: i) energy‐efficient and less‐toxic chemical modification of CNMs using covalent‐bonding functionality and ii) non‐covalent‐bonding methodologies through physical modification using green solvents and dispersants, and chemical‐free mechanical stimuli is provided. Based on these experimental studies, recent advances and challenges for the potential application of green‐processable energy‐conversion and biological devices are provided. Finally, a conclusion section is provided summarizing the insights from the present studies as well as some future perspectives.
Identification of Mitotic Blockers by Phenotypic Screening of a Clinical Compound Library
Authors: Son You Hwa , Park Chi Hoon , Choi Sang Un
Published: November 2016

A phenotypic assay was performed using a clinical compound library to identify the new anticancer agents. HeLa cells were treated with the clinical compounds for 20 h, and then screened for cell morphology to check the mitotic arrest. A total of 2320 clinical compounds were tested, of which two anthelmintic compounds, oxibendazole and oxfendazole, were found to induce mitotic arrest in HeLa cells. Additionally, cell‐cycle analysis revealed strong G2/M arrest by these anthelmintics. Moreover, the two compounds, especially oxibendazole, exhibited highly cytotoxic effects on several cancer cell lines. In conclusion, we suggest repositioning of the two anthelmintics, oxibendazole and oxfendazole, if normal cells are not affected by these compounds, to cancer treatment.
Hybrid transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: Moving into the mainstream?
Authors: McElhinney Doff B.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

In this and prior small series, hybrid transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) yields similar acute outcomes to surgical pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with postoperative pulmonary regurgitation and a right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) that is too large for conventional TPVR

By expanding the options for pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in high‐risk patients, hybrid TPVR will broaden the therapeutic toolset and facilitate more personalized, patient‐specific management in complex circumstances

Although surgical exposure and RVOT size reduction allows implantation of a prosthetic valve without cardiopulmonary bypass in this population, the morbidity advantage of TPVR is reduced and the net benefit to the patient must still be established
Long‐term outcomes of the SMART stent in femoro‐popliteal disease in TASC A/B lesions and TASC C/D lesions
Authors: Echeverria Angela , Krajcer Zvonimir
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Self‐expanding nitinol stents are the standard of care in the endovascular treatment of femoro‐popliteal disease

In‐stent re‐stenosis, fracture, and occlusion are known risks when deployed in this anatomic region

Lesion length >200 mm, hemodialysis, and TASC C/D lesions are independent predictors for decreased patency long‐term.
Does the AToMIC trial explode concerns of contrast coagulopathy?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J.
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Prior laboratory and animal studies suggested some advantage of ioxaglate over iodixanol in platelet function and coagulation.

The AToMIC trial randomized 100 patients to ioxaglate or iodixanol, and found no differences in hemostasis parameters.

Laboratory models and tests of hemostasis are limited for predicting clinical effects and should be interpreted with caution.
Endovascular repair of ventricular assist device outflow cannula stenosis
Authors: Ahmad Faraz S. , Sauer Andrew J. , Ricciardi Mark J.
Published: November 2016

This report describes a case of endovascular repair of an outflow cannula obstruction in a heart failure patient with biventricular assist devices. The patient presented with cardiogenic shock and was diagnosed via multimodality imaging with outflow cannula obstruction of the left ventricular assist device, likely from a hematoma. A transesophageal echocardiogram‐guided endovascular approach was undertaken. A 10.0 mm × 38 mm covered stent was successfully deployed and post‐dilated. Normal flow in the outflow cannula was restored. Hemodynamic and left ventricular flow parameters returned close to baseline post‐procedure. The growth in ventricular assist device implantation and associated complications will create new opportunities for endovascular repair. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal ion Displacements in Noncentrosymmetric Chalcogenides La3Ga1.67S7, La3Ag0.6GaCh7 (Ch: S, Se), and La3MGaSe7 (M: Zn, Cd).
Authors: Iyer Abishek K. , Yin Wenlong , Rudyk Brent W. , Lin Xinsong , Nilges Tom , Mar Arthur
Published: November 2016

The ternary and quaternary Ga‐containing chalcogenides of title are prepared by solid state reactions of the elements in stoichiometric quantities (evacuated silica tubes, 950 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Germanides RERhGe2 (RE: Y, Gd‐Ho) — New Representatives of the YIrGe2 Type.
Authors: Vosswinkel Daniel , Heletta Lukas , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: November 2016

The title germanides are prepared by repeated arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements.
ChemInform Abstract: [SiSxHy]n — Perhydridopolysilathianes: Cross‐Linked Thio Analogues of Polysiloxanes.
Authors: Gerwig Maik , Schwarz Marcus , Brendler Erica , Kroke Edwin
Published: November 2016

The title perhydridopolysilathianes are prepared by transsilylation and condensation of HSiCl3·2Py with a five‐fold stoichiometric excess of gaseous Tms2S and Py (Schlenk vessel at reduced pressure, 55 °C, 4 d) and subsequent calcination (200 °C, vacuum, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Hofmann N‐Alkylation of Poor Nucleophilic Amines and Amides with Catalytic Amounts of Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Xu Qing , Xie Huamei , Zhang Er‐Lei , Ma Xiantao , Chen Jianhui , Yu Xiao‐Chun , Li Huan
Published: November 2016

Water is generated as the only by‐product.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Branched Allylic Compounds via Ir‐Catalyzed Allylations of Functionalized Fluorinated Methylene Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Chen Jiteng , Zhao Xiao‐Ming
Published: November 2016

The utility of the scalable method is demonstrated by the transformation of one products into a fluorinated liquid crystal material.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Stabilized Vinyldiazo Derivatives and Electronically Unbiased Allenes.
Authors: Lopez Enol , Lonzi Giacomo , Gonzalez Javier , Lopez Luis A.
Published: November 2016

A novel intermolecular coupling reaction between alkenyldiazo compounds and non‐activated allenes in the presence of a NHC gold catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Enaminones: Synthesis of Some 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Linked to Pyrazole, Pyridine, Benzimidazolopyrimidine, Pyrazolopyrimidine, Pyrazolotriazine and Triazolotriazine Derivatives.
Authors: Raslan Mohamed A. , Omran Omran A.
Published: November 2016

The 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐enaminone (I), synthesized via reaction of the corresponding benzamide with DMF‐DMA, is used as precursor in syntheses of a wide variety of new heterocyclic compounds, including 5‐substituted‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole, hydrazone, pyrazolotriazine, and 1,2,4‐triazolotriazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzofurans from Ketones and 1,4‐Benzoquinones.
Authors: Wu Fengtian , Bai Rongxian , Gu Yanlong
Published: November 2016

The method renders possible the access to a variety of substituted benzofuran structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Electron‐Rich Benzenoid Arenes and Spiroepoxyoxindole at the Spiro‐Center: Efficient Synthesis of Benzofuroindolines and 2H‐Spiro[benzofuran]‐3,3′‐oxindoles.
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maity Subrata , Roy Sayan
Published: November 2016

About 30 derivatives such as (III) and (VI) are prepared from spiroepoxyindoles and phenolic reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Economical Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Halohydrins Using K2CO3.
Authors: Hirose Takuji , Shimizu Shinsuke , Qu Shujie , Shitara Hiroaki , Kodama Koichi , Wang Lin
Published: November 2016

A highly simple, economical, and selective synthesis of five‐membered cyclic carbonates is achieved by the reaction of CO2 with 1,2‐halohydrins in the presence of K2CO3.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Domino Reactions of Propargylamines with Isothiocyanates: Selective Synthesis of 2‐Aminothiazoles and 2‐Amino‐4‐methylenethiazolines.
Authors: Scalacci Nicolo , Pelloja Chiara , Radi Marco , Castagnolo Daniele
Published: November 2016

The microwave‐assisted reaction of propargylamines (I) with isothiocyanates (II) gives rise to 2‐aminothiazoles (III) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Free Silver‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Carbamoylation of Pyridines with Formamides.
Authors: Han Wei , Jin Fengli , Zhao Qian , Du Hongyan , Yao Lifang
Published: November 2016

24 examples
ChemInform Abstract: FeCl3‐Catalyzed Formation of Indolizine Derivatives via the 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction Between Azomethine Ylides and Chalcones or Dibenzylideneacetones.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Naeimabadi Maryam , Halvagar Mohammad R.
Published: November 2016

The iodine and base‐mediated reaction of quinaldine (I) and pyridine (II) generates in situ an azomethine ylide which reacts in an FeCl3‐catalyzed process with chalcone derivatives (III) to afford title compounds (IV) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonochemical FeF3 Catalyzed Three‐Component Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Tetrahydroindazolo[3,2‐b]quinazoline under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Shinde Vijay Vilas , Jeong Yeon Tae
Published: November 2016

In comparison to conventional methods, the protocol provides advantages such as good to high yields, shorter reaction times, and bypass for use of solvent and column chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Biaryl Sultams Using Visible‐Light‐Promoted Denitrogenative Cyclization of 1,2,3,4‐Benzothiatriazine‐1,1‐dioxides.
Authors: Han Yue‐Yue , Wang Hao , Yu Shouyun
Published: November 2016

A novel approach to biaryl sultams by photo‐induced denitrogenative cyclization of 1,2,3,4‐benzothiatriazine‐1,1‐dioxides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 over Photocatalysts (Photo‐SCR): Mechanistic Investigations and Developments
Authors: Yamamoto Akira , Teramura Kentaro , Tanaka Tsunehiro
Published: November 2016

Review: [differently modified TiO2 photocatalysts; 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry of Silicates: New Discoveries and Ideas
Authors: Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Pekov Igor V.
Published: November 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Multifunctional Metal‐Organic Framework Materials
Authors: Li Bin , Wen Hui‐Min , Cui Yuanjing , Zhou Wei , Qian Guodong , Chen Banglin
Published: November 2016

Review: 439 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Biography of Potassium Complexes as Versatile, Green Energetic Materials
Authors: Chen Li‐Yang , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Zhang Tong‐Lai
Published: November 2016

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne “Click” Reactions: Mechanistic Overview and Recent Trends
Authors: Wang Changlong , Ikhlef Djamila , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Astruc Didier
Published: November 2016

Review: 264 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthetic and Synthetic Access to Amino Sugars
Authors: Skarbek Kornelia , Milewska Maria J.
Published: November 2016

Review: 265 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Biginelli Reaction: An Old Reaction, a New Perspective
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Ghavidel Mahdieh , Heidari Bahareh
Published: November 2016

Review: recent advances in the Biginelli reaction, leading to the synthesis of 3,4‐dihdropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress Towards Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Containing Tricyclic Compounds Based on Ynamides
Authors: Pan Fei , Shu Chao , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: November 2016

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azobenzene Photocontrol of Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Mart Robert J. , Allemann Rudolf K.
Published: November 2016

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination and Prediction of the Magnetic Anisotropy of Mn Ions
Authors: Duboc Carole
Published: November 2016

Review: 55 refs.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics and ADME characterization of a novel anticancer chalcone, cardamonin
Authors: Jaiswal Swati , Shukla Mahendra , Sharma Abhisheak , Rangaraj Nagarjun , Vaghasiya Kalpesh , Malik Mohd Yaseen , Lal Jawahar
Published: November 2016

Cardamonin (CRD), a chalconoid obtained from several medicinal plants of Zingiberaceae family, had shown promising potential in cancer prevention and therapy. For further development and better pharmacological elucidation, we performed a series of in vitro and in vivo studies to characterize its preclinical pharmacokinetics. The study samples were analyzed using validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography‐ultra violet (HPLC‐UV) methods. CRD is partially soluble (<10 μM) and possess high permeability (>0.2 × 10–4 cm/sec). It is moderately bound to plasma proteins (<50%). It shows partitioning in red blood cell (RBC) compartment with the partition coefficient between RBCs and plasma (KRBC/P) of 0.95 at 0 min to 1.39 at 60 min, indicating significant but slow RBC uptake. In mice, CRD is poorly absorbed after oral administration with 18% oral bioavailability. It possesses high clearance, short mean residence time, and high volume of distribution in mice. It exhibited multiple peak phenomena both after oral and intravenous administration and is excreted both as conjugated and unchanged CRD in bile. It is majorly excreted in faeces and negligibly in urine. The preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion data are expected to succour the future clinical investigations of CRD as a promising anticancer agent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An empirical test of the interpersonal theory of suicide in a heterogeneous eating disorder sample
Authors: Pisetsky Emily M. , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B.
Published: November 2016

Objective

The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) model has not been fully tested in a clinical eating disorder (ED) population.

Method

Participants (N = 114) completed questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and constructs of the IPTS. Logistic regressions determined whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were associated with lifetime SI. Among those who endorsed lifetime SI, logistic regressions were used to determine whether elements of the acquired capability for suicide (fearlessness about death and painful and provocative events) were associated with lifetime SA.

Results

Sixty‐five participants (57.0%) had lifetime SI and 24 (21.1%) had lifetime SA. Thwarted belongingness (P < 0.001) and perceived burdensomeness (P < 0.01) were associated with lifetime SI. Painful and provocative events were associated with lifetime SA (P < 0.03).

Discussion

The IPTS was partially supported. Targeting interpersonal variables may be important in treating and preventing suicidality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:162–165)
Current Control of a Single‐Phase Inverter by Applying a Multisampling Method
Authors: TAKEUCHI SHUN , WADA KENJI
Published: November 2016

In digitally controlled circuits for power electronic circuits, sampling data are important because the digital control circuit is operated on the basis of these data. If the sampled values have been affected by switching noise from the power circuit, the control stability of the circuit would be disturbed. This paper proposes a noiseless sampling method that can sample a value without being affected by the switching noise. The synchronous sampling method may be affected by the switching noise depending on the duty ratio of the circuit. The noiseless sampling method does not obtain data immediately after turn‐on and turn‐off switching. The control circuit can avoid the switching noise by using noiseless sampling, which leads to a disturbance in the control circuit and enhances the robustness of the circuit when applying the multisampling method. Experimental results are presented to verify that the current control of the proposed sampling method is not disturbed by the switching noise even in the absence of a noise filter.
A Programmable Divider with 50% Duty Cycle Unrelated to Dividing Cycle and Its Application to PLL
Authors: HARADA YUJIRO , YAHARA MITSUTOSHI , MATSUMOTO KINYA , FUJIMOTO KUNIAKI
Published: November 2016

Recently, a signal processing using positive and negative edges of clock is used by memory and various digital devices to improve performance of digital circuits. In a signal processing using double edges, 50% duty cycle of an output signal of clock generator is an important factor. In this paper, we propose the programmable divider with which we always obtain the output signal of 50% duty cycle unrelated to the division ratio. The circuit configuration of this divider is very simple, and the operation is stable regardless of the increase in the division ratio. Also, when the proposed divider was included in the division ratio changeable‐digital phase locked loop (DC‐PLL), the output signal is always kept to 50% duty cycle regardless of the frequency of input signal. In experimental results using a field programmable gate array, we confirmed that this DC‐PLL has the expected characteristics for phase error, lock‐in range, and initial pull‐in.
Historical fire in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forests of south Mississippi and its relation to land use and climate
Authors: White C. R. , Harley G. L.
Published: November 2016

We characterized historical fire regimes in Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) forests of southern Mississippi with regard to global and regional coupled climate systems (e.g., El Niño–Southern Oscillation) and past human activity. The composite fire chronology spanned 1756–2013 with 132 individual scars representing 89 separate fire events. The mean fire interval was 2.9 yr, and mean intervals were significantly different between identified time periods (e.g., settlement period vs. management period). Evidence of biannual fire activity (up to three fires occurring within a 12‐ to 15‐month period) was found coeval with a peak in livestock grazing and logging from the 1850s through the 1880s. Connections were also found between historical fire and Pacific climate variability (e.g., El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation; P < 0.05), yet the fire–climate linkage was likely at least partially masked by substantial human land use activities over the past several centuries. Coupled climate and human land use activity controlled the historical fire regime over the past ca. 240 yr. Although the many fire adaptions of P. palustris yield limitations in tree‐ring‐based fire history studies (e.g., thick bark), we highlight the efficacy of considering the height at which fire scars are analyzed along the bole as a way to glean a more accurate depiction of historical fire occurrence, especially in ecosystems characterized by a frequent, low‐severity fire regime. This study suggests growing‐season fire prescribed at a 2‐ to 3‐yr interval would be the first step toward simulating historical landscape conditions and fire activity, should that be the goal by land managers.
A new paradigm of quantifying ecosystem stress through chemical signatures
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Guenther Alex B. , Gu Lianhong , Karl Thomas , Kaser Lisa , Pallardy Stephen G. , Peñuelas Josep , Potosnak Mark J. , Seco Roger
Published: November 2016

Stress‐induced emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from terrestrial ecosystems may be one of the dominant sources of VOC emissions worldwide. Understanding the ecosystem stress response could reveal how ecosystems will respond and adapt to climate change and, in turn, quantify changes in the atmospheric burden of VOC oxidants and secondary organic aerosols. Here, we argue, based on preliminary evidence from several opportunistic measurement sources, that chemical signatures of stress can be identified and quantified at the ecosystem scale. We also outline future endeavors that we see as next steps toward uncovering quantitative signatures of stress, including new advances in both VOC data collection and analysis of “big data.”
Influence of fire disturbance and biophysical heterogeneity on pre‐settlement ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests
Authors: Johnston James D. , Bailey John D. , Dunn Christopher J.
Published: November 2016

Fire frequency is assumed to have exerted a strong influence on historical forest communities in the inland Pacific Northwest. This study reconstructs forest structure and composition in the year 1890 and fire frequency from 1760 to 1890 at 10 sites spanning a broad productivity gradient in the southern Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon. We tested for the relative influence of fire frequency, climate, soils, and topography by fitting variables to ordinations of forest structural and compositional configurations. We also built formal statistical models using non‐parametric permutational multivariate analysis of variance. Because fire disturbance and biophysical influences on forest structure and composition may vary depending on the scale at which relationships are examined, we tested the influence of variables at the scale of 4‐ to 12‐ha sites and at the scale of three equal‐sized areas within each site. The proportion of fire‐intolerant species basal area reconstructed within sites in the year 1890 ranged from 0% to 43%. The proportion of fire‐intolerant species basal area reconstructed within equal‐sized areas within sites ranged from 0% to 75%. Despite significant differences in historical species composition between and within sites, fire frequencies were relatively similar. Mean fire return intervals (MFRIs) calculated for sites ranged from 10.6 to 21.2 yr.MFRIs calculated for equal‐sized areas within sites ranged from 10.6 to 28.8 yr. Fitting fire frequency and biophysical variables to ordinations and model building with perMANOVAshowed that topographic position index and vapor pressure deficit had stronger influences on site‐scale forest structure and composition than fire frequency metrics. Available soil water was the most important influence on forest structure and composition within equal‐sized areas within sites. Relatively frequent fire across a broad range of forest types in the southern Blues appears to have been a relatively uniform influence on forest dynamics modulated by fine‐scale biophysical heterogeneity. If return to historical conditions is a goal of management, treatments to reduce fuel and restore frequent fire are appropriate across a broad productivity gradient in the southern Blues.
Different correlates but similar prognostic implications for right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Ghio Stefano , Guazzi Marco , Scardovi Angela Beatrice , Klersy Catherine , Clemenza Francesco , Carluccio Erberto , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Rossi Andrea , Faggiano Pompilio , Traversi Egidio , Vriz Olga , Dini Frank Lloyd ,   on behalf of all investigators
Published: November 2016

Aims

To evaluate whether the clinical and echocardiographic correlates and the prognostic significance of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction are different in heart failure patients with reduced (HFrEF), mid‐range (HFmrEF), or preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction.

Methods and results

The study included 1663 patients with heart failure caused by ischaemic or hypertensive heart disease or by idiopathic cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% in 1123 patients (HFrEF), 40–49% in 156 patients (HFmrEF) and ≥50% in 384 patients (HFpEF). Imaging of the right ventricle was performed by echocardiography; RV function was defined on the basis of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and its normalization for pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). All‐cause mortality was the endpoint of survival analysis. Non‐sinus rhythm, high heart rate, ischaemic aetiology and E‐wave deceleration time <140 ms were associated with a reduced TAPSE in HFrEF patients, whereas PASP >40 mmHg was by far the strongest correlate of a reduced TAPSE in HFpEF and HFmrEF patients (interaction analysis, P = 0.0011). TAPSE/PASP proved to be a powerful predictor of prognosis in all patients.

Conclusions

The correlates of RV dysfunction differ in HFrEF compared with HFpEF and HFmrEF patients. Regardless of the extent of LV dysfunction, the TAPSE/PASP ratio is a powerful independent predictor of prognosis in all heart failure patients.
Human B‐cell memory is shaped by age‐ and tissue‐specific T‐independent and GC‐dependent events
Authors: Aranburu Alaitz , Piano Mortari Eva , Baban Anwar , Giorda Ezio , Cascioli Simona , Marcellini Valentina , Scarsella Marco , Ceccarelli Sara , Corbelli Sandro , Cantarutti Nicoletta , De Vito Rita , Inserra Alessandro , Nicolosi Luciana , Lanfranchi Arnalda , Porta Fulvio , Cancrini Caterina , Finocchi Andrea , Carsetti Rita
Published: November 2016

Switched and IgM memory B cells execute different and noninterchangeable functions. We studied memory B cells in children of different ages, in peripheral blood and spleen and compared them with those of children born asplenic or unable to build germinal centers. We show that, whereas switched memory B cells are mostly generated in the germinal centers at all ages, IgM memory B cells can be distinct in three types with different developmental history. Innate IgM memory B cells, the largest pool in infants, are generated in the spleen by a germinal center‐independent mechanism. With age, if the spleen is present and germinal centers are functional, innate IgM memory B cells are remodelled and accumulate somatic mutations. The third type of IgM memory B cell is a by‐product of the germinal center reaction. Our data suggest that the B‐cell memory developmental program is implemented during the first 5–6 years of life.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Nucleotides and Conjugates in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Depaix Anaïs , Peyrottes Suzanne , Roy Béatrice
Published: November 2016

Herein, we describe a one‐pot synthesis, in a mixture of water/acetonitrile, of nucleoside 5′‐polyphosphates and some derivatives starting from their corresponding nucleoside 5′‐monophosphates. Phosphorimidazolide intermediates are formed in the presence of imidazole and 2‐chloro‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium hexafluorophosphate. Under these mild conditions, nucleoside 5′‐di‐ and 5′‐triphosphates, dinucleoside 5′,5′‐polyphosphates, as well as some nucleotide analogues modified either on the nucleoside or on the phosphate moieties are obtained in moderate to high yields.
Adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by modified walnut shell
Authors: Cheng Liping , Sun Li , Xue Weilan , Zeng Zuoxiang , Li Shenmaishang
Published: November 2016

The adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by walnut shell modified with acrylic acid (MWNS) were investigated in the temperature range of 288–308 K. Thus, the samples of MWNS with different graft yields (3.65, 10.45, 18.49, and 19.66 wt %) were prepared by reacting walnut shell (WNS) with acrylic acid. The effects of graft yield, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of Pb(II) were studied. Both WNS and MWNS‐4 (19.66 wt %) were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Adsorption kinetics were examined using pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order model, Elovich kinetic model, intraparticle diffusion model, and Boyd kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm data were better interpreted by Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) was 210.14 mg g−1 at 308 K. The energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was applied to verify the adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS were determined. Recycling property of MWNS‐4 was studied. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1724–1731, 2016
Practical Issues in Dispute Resolution in Natural Gas
Authors: Wilhelm Jack M.
Published: November 2016

What types of disputes arise in our industry? The answer is simple: just about everything.
Yes‐associated protein/TEA domain family member and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4‐alpha (HNF4α) repress reciprocally to regulate hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and mice
Authors: Cai Wang‐Yu , Lin Ling‐Yun , Hao Han , Zhang Sai‐Man , Ma Fei , Hong Xin‐Xin , Zhang Hui , Liu Qing‐Feng , Ye Guo‐Dong , Sun Guang‐Bin , Liu Yun‐Jia , Li Sheng‐Nan , Xie Yuan‐Yuan , Cai Jian‐Chun , Li Bo‐An
Published: November 2016

Great progress has been achieved in the study of Hippo signaling in regulating tumorigenesis; however, the downstream molecular events that mediate this process have not been completely defined. Moreover, regulation of Hippo signaling during tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we systematically investigated the relationship between Yes‐associated protein/TEA domain family member (YAP‐TEAD) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4‐alpha (HNF4α) in the hepatocarcinogenesis of HCC cells. Our results indicated that HNF4α expression was negatively regulated by YAP1 in HCC cells by a ubiquitin proteasome pathway. By contrast, HNF4α was found to directly associate with TEAD4 to compete with YAP1 for binding to TEAD4, thus inhibiting the transcriptional activity of YAP‐TEAD and expression of their target genes. Moreover, overexpression of HNF4α was found to significantly compromise YAP‐TEAD‐induced HCC cell proliferation and stem cell expansion. Finally, we documented the regulatory mechanism between YAP‐TEAD and HNF4α in rat and mouse tumor models, which confirmed our in vitro results. Conclusion: There is a double‐negative feedback mechanism that controls TEAD‐YAP and HNF4α expression in vitro and in vivo, thereby regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation. Given that YAP acts as a dominant oncogene in HCC and plays a crucial role in stem cell homeostasis and tissue regeneration, manipulating the interaction between YAP, TEADs, and HNF4α may provide a new approach for HCC treatment and regenerative medicine. (Hepatology 2017;65:1206‐1221).
Protein content and functional characteristics of serum‐purified exosomes from patients with colorectal cancer revealed by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Chen Yanyu , Xie Yong , Xu Lai , Zhan Shaohua , Xiao Yi , Gao Yanpan , Wu Bin , Ge Wei
Published: November 2016

Tumor cells of colorectal cancer (CRC) release exosomes into the circulation. These exosomes can mediate communication between cells and affect various tumor‐related processes in their target cells. We present a quantitative proteomics analysis of the exosomes purified from serum of patients with CRC and normal volunteers; data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003875. We identified 918 proteins with an overlap of 725 Gene IDs in the Exocarta proteins list. Compared with the serum‐purified exosomes (SPEs) of normal volunteers, we found 36 proteins upregulated and 22 proteins downregulated in the SPEs of CRC patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that upregulated proteins are involved in processes that modulate the pretumorigenic microenvironment for metastasis. In contrast, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that play critical roles in tumor growth and cell survival were principally downregulated. Our study demonstrates that SPEs of CRC patients play a pivotal role in promoting the tumor invasiveness, but have minimal influence on putative alterations in tumor survival or proliferation. According to bioinformatics analysis, we speculate that the protein contents of exosomes might be associated with whether they are involved in premetastatic niche establishment or growth and survival of metastatic tumor cells. This information will be helpful in elucidating the pathophysiological functions of tumor‐derived exosomes, and aid in the development of CRC diagnostics and therapeutics.
An evaluation of the utilisation of the Medication Action Plan form in a tertiary hospital: what is the impact of the pharmacist?
Authors: Shafiee Hanjani Leila , Apostolidis Anastasia , Winckel Karl , Burrows Judith A.
Published: November 2016

Background

The Medication Action Plan (MAP) form was introduced in Queensland Health to communicate accurate medication histories and interventions between pharmacists and other clinicians. Concerns have been raised about the utilisation of this form at the Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH).

Aim

To identify how frequently the MAP form was utilised at PAH for documenting medication histories and pharmacists' interventions, and to evaluate category, clinical appropriateness, wording, outcome and significance of the documented interventions.

Method

One hundred patients were retrospectively audited to identify whether a MAP form was completed. Interventions were categorised according to their significance, wording and clinical appropriateness. Notification and acceptance by the Medical Officer (MO) and their documentation in iPharmacy™ were also evaluated.

Results

Sixty‐five patients (65%) had a MAP form and 100 interventions were documented on these forms. ‘Proposing change of dose’ was the most frequent type of intervention. The majority of interventions (59%) were low risk. Eighty‐five per cent of interventions were deemed to be clinically appropriate; however, 65% of interventions were considered to be poorly worded. Fifty‐eight per cent had documentation of notification of the MO and 67% were acted on by clinicians mostly (58%) within 24 hours. Only 17% of interventions were documented in iPharmacy™.

Conclusion

Although the MAP form is used by pharmacists for documenting medication histories and interventions, they are often documented using poor wording, and many are not acted on by clinicians. Standards for documenting recommendations on the MAP form and notifying MOs have subsequently been developed.
Questions begging for answers (Part II) – Refining
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J.
Published: November 2016

Several aspects of the alkali refining process are poorly understood. It is not clear whether or not oil is saponified, and by what mechanism non‐hydratable phosphatides (NHP) are removed from the oil. There is no systematic study on the loss of neutral oil that is entrained by the soapstock and how to minimise this loss and the possible oil loss by hydrolysis during deodorisation or steam refining is not clear either. Some fairly simple experiments will be suggested that might hopefully provide the answers.
Precise Synthesis of Block and Miktoarm Star‐Branched Polymers Containing Polythiophene Segments with Low Dispersity by Combination of Living Anionic Polymerization and Catalyst‐Transfer Polycondensation Systems
Authors: Higashihara Tomoya
Published: November 2016

In this Talent article, the synthesis of well‐defined block and miktoarm star‐branched polymers is described by the combination of living anionic polymerization (LAP) and Kumada catalyst‐transfer polymerization (KCTP), mostly focusing on poly(3‐alkylthiophene) (P3AT)‐based block copolymers and miktoarm star‐branched polymers. The two synthetic methodologies are introduced as follows: (a) a chain‐extension method using chain‐end‐functional polymers via site transformation reaction, and (b) a linking reaction method between two polymer building blocks. The most promising method (b) can further be divided into four different approaches, (b‐1) direct addition reaction of living anionic polymers with chain‐end‐functional P3HT; (b‐2) “Click” reaction between two chain‐end‐functional polymers; (b‐3) direct coupling reaction of living anionic polymers with chain‐end‐functional P3HT; and (b‐4) ionic bond formation of chain‐end‐functional polymers. Based on the recent progresses in synthetic methodologies, versatile block copolymers and miktoarm star‐branched polymers have been successfully produced, well controlling the molecular weights (MW) and dispersities (ÐM).

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Comb Poly(Oligo(2‐Ethyl‐2‐Oxazoline)Methacrylate)‐Peptide Conjugates Prepared by Aqueous Cu(0)‐Mediated Polymerization and Reductive Amination
Authors: Collins Jennifer , Wallis Sacha J. , Simula Alexandre , Whittaker Michael R. , McIntosh Michelle P. , Wilson Paul , Davis Thomas P. , Haddleton David M. , Kempe Kristian
Published: November 2016

The controlled synthesis of poly(oligo(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)methacrylate) (P(OEtOxMA)) polymers by Cu(0)‐mediated polymerization in water/methanol mixtures is reported. Utilizing an acetal protected aldehyde initiator for the polymerization, well‐defined polymers are synthesized (>99% conversion, Ð < 1.25) with subsequent postpolymerization deprotection resulting in α‐aldehyde end group containing comb polymers. These P(OEtOxMA) are subsequently site‐specifically conjugated, via reductive amination, to a dipeptide (NH2‐Gly‐Tyr‐COOH) as a model peptide, prior to conjugation to the functional peptide oxytocin. The resulting oxytocin conjugates are evaluated in comparison to poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) combs synthesized in the same manner for potential effects on thermal stability in comparison to the native peptide.

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Experimental‐numerical test strategy for evaluation of curing simulation of complex‐shaped composite structures
Authors: Gude M. , Schirner R. , Müller M. , Weckend N. , Andrich M. , Langkamp A.
Published: November 2016

Numerical analyses of manufacturing processes become more and more essential, in particular for thick‐walled and complex‐shaped components made of fibre‐reinforced thermosets. One of the main problems is the heat accumulation within those laminates caused by the exothermal reaction while curing the thermoset resin. To enable a precise and efficient prediction of the occurring temperatures within the laminate especially for industrial applications, a reliable and time‐saving numerical analysis of curing processes is desirable.

Therefore, a novel experimental‐numerical test strategy for a precise prediction of the curing process is presented including both the analytical and experimental determination of numerous thermal and thermo‐chemical material parameters and models for carbon fibre reinforced thermosets. Numerical validation steps are presented in order to evaluate reliability of experimentally determined material parameters and models. Additionally, the developed finite element model was adopted for the curing simulation of a large complex‐shaped turbine fan blade with a thick‐walled root section. Highlight of this work is the extensive experimental validation of the numerical analysed curing process.
Besov spaces via wavelets on metric spaces endowed with doubling measure, singular integral, and the T1 type theorem
Authors: Han Yanchang , Li Ji , Tan Chaoqiang
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper is twofold. We first establish the Besov spaces on metric spaces endowed with a doubling measure, via the remarkable orthonormal wavelet basis constructed recently by T.  Hytönen and O.  Tapiola, and characterize the dual spaces of these Besov spaces. Second, we prove the T1 type theorem for the boundedness of Calderón–Zygmund operators on these Besov spaces. Finally, we introduce a new class of Lipschitz spaces and characterize these spaces via the Littlewood–Paley theory. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of multistage caving processes: insights from multi‐seam longwall mining‐induced subsidence
Authors: Ghabraie Behrooz , Ghabraie Kazem , Ren Gang , Smith John V.
Published: November 2016

Evaluating the induced subsidence is a critical step in multi‐seam longwall mining. Numerical modelling can be a cost‐effective approach to this problem. Numerical evaluation of longwall mining‐induced subsidence is much more complicated when more than one seam is to be extracted. Only a few research works have dealt with this problem. This paper discusses the essential requirements of a robust numerical modelling approach to simulation of multi‐seam longwall mining‐induced subsidence. In light of these requirements, the previous works on this topic are critically reviewed. A simple yet robust FEM‐based modelling approach is also proposed that is capable of simulating caving process, rock mass deterioration and subsidence around multi‐seam excavations. The effectiveness of this approach in comparison with two other conventional FEM approaches is demonstrated through numerical examples of two different multi‐seam mining configurations. Results show that the proposed numerical modelling approach is the only robust method, which is capable of simulating multi‐seam subsidence in both demonstrated cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Error estimates of fully discrete finite element solutions for the 2D Cahn–Hilliard equation with infinite time horizon
Authors: He Ruijian , Chen Zhangxin , Feng Xinlong
Published: November 2016

In this article, we deal with a rigorous error analysis for the finite element solutions of the two‐dimensional Cahn–Hilliard equation with infinite time. The
error estimates with respect to
are proven for the fully discrete conforming piecewise linear element solution under Assumption (A1) on the initial value and Assumption (A2) on the discrete spectrum estimate in the finite element space. The analysis is based on sharp a‐priori estimates for the solutions, particularly reflecting their behavior as
. Numerical experiments are carried out to support the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the efficiency of the fully discrete mixed finite element methods. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 742–762, 2017
A linearized, decoupled, and energy‐preserving compact finite difference scheme for the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Wang Tingchun
Published: November 2016

In this article, a decoupled and linearized compact finite difference scheme is proposed for solving the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The new scheme is proved to preserve the total mass and energy which are defined by using a recursion relationship. Besides the standard energy method, an induction argument together with an H1 technique are introduced to establish the optimal point‐wise error estimate of the proposed scheme. Without imposing any constraints on the grid ratios, the convergence order of the numerical solution is proved to be of
with mesh size h and time step τ. Numerical results are reported to verify the theoretical analysis, and collision of two solitary waves are also simulated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 840–867, 2017
The co‐occurrence of Down syndrome and autism spectrum disorder: is it because of additional genetic variations?
Authors: Rachubinski Angela L. , Hepburn Susan , Elias Ellen R. , Gardiner Katheleen , Shaikh Tamim H.
Published: November 2016

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at a significantly higher frequency than the typical population. The differentiation of ASD symptoms from those of severe intellectual disability presents diagnostic challenges, which have led to more refined methods in the clinical evaluation of ASD in DS. These improved phenotypic characterization methods not only provide better diagnosis of ASD in DS, but may also be useful in elucidating the etiology of the increased prevalence of ASD in DS. Because all individuals with the classic presentation of DS have trisomy 21, it is possible that those with co‐occurring DS and ASD may have additional genetic variants which can act as modifiers of the phenotype, leading to the development of ASD. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Older adults with heart failure treated with carvedilol, bisoprolol, or metoprolol tartrate: risk of mortality
Authors: Perreault Sylvie , de Denus Simon , White Michel , White‐Guay Brian , Bouvier Michel , Dorais Marc , Dubé Marie‐Pierre , Rouleau Jean‐Lucien , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Jenna Sarah , Haibe‐Kains Benjamin , Leduc Richard , Deblois Denis
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The long‐term use of β‐blockers has been shown to improve clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure (HF). However, a lack of data persists in assessing whether carvedilol or bisoprolol are superior to metoprolol tartrate in clinical practice. We endeavored to compare the effectiveness of β‐blockers among older adults following a primary hospital admission for HF.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study using Quebec administrative databases to identify patients who were using β‐blockers, carvedilol, bisoprolol, or metoprolol tartrate after the diagnosis of HF. We characterized the patients by the type of β‐blocker prescribed at discharge of their first HF hospitalization. An adjusted multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the primary outcome of all‐cause mortality. We also conducted analyses by matching for a propensity score for initiation of β‐blocker therapy and assessed the effect on primary outcome.

Results

Among 3197 patients with HF with a median follow‐up of 2.8 years, the crude annual mortality rates (per 100 person‐years) were at 16, 14.9, and 17.7 for metoprolol tartrate, carvedilol, and bisoprolol, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios of carvedilol (hazard ratio 0.92; 0.78–1.09) and bisoprolol (hazard ratio 1.04; 0.93–1.16) were not significantly different from that of metoprolol tartrate in improving survival. After matching for propensity score, carvedilol and bisoprolol showed no additional benefit with respect to all‐cause mortality compared with metoprolol tartrate.

Conclusions

Our evidence suggests no differential effect of β‐blockers on all‐cause mortality among older adults with HF. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.