bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential Association between Metabolic Disorders and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Du Zhi-xiang , Ren Yun-yao , Li Shun-xin , Wang Jia-luo , hu Yi-fan , Wang Li , Chen Miao-yang , Li Yang , Hu Chun-mei , Yang Yong feng
Published: August 2023

Background: Metabolic disorders (MetD) have been demonstrated to be closely linked to numerous diseases. However, the precise association between MetD and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains poorly understood.
Method: The summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for exposures and outcomes were obtained from the BioBank Japan Project (BBJ) Gene-exposure dataset. The fourteen metabolic factors were grouped into four categories: metabolic laboratory markers, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic diseases. The causal relationship between the metabolic factors and PTB was analyzed using two-sample MR. Additionally, the direct effects on the risk of PTB were investigated through Multivariate MR. The primary method employed was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) model. The sensitivity of this MR analysis was evaluated using MR-Egger regression and the MR-PRESSO global test.
Results:
In two-sample MR, HDL-C, HbA1c, TP, and DM were positively correlated with the incidence of active TB. After adjusting for other laboratory markers, The combined odds (ORs) of PTB were 2.798(95%CI 1.484-5.274 P=0.001), 4.027(95%CI 1.140-14.219, P=0.03), 2.548(95%CI 1.269-5.115, P=0.009) for one SD increase in HDL-C, LDL, and TG, respectively. And TC (OR 0.131, 95%CI 0.028-0.607, P=0.009) was negatively correlated with PTB. We select BMI, DM, HDL-C, SBP, and TG as the diagnosis factors for metabolic syndrome. The combined ORs of PTB were 1.219 (95%CI 1.040-1.429 P=0.014) and 1.380(95%CI 1.035-1.841, P=0.028) for one SD increase in DM and HDL-C, respectively.
Conclusions: This MR study demonstrates that metabolic disorders, mainly hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, are associated with the incidence of active pulmonary tuberculosis.
Simulation and experimental study on the bidirectional composite vibratory finishing characteristics
Authors: Yang Yingbo , Li Wenhui , Wang Xiuzhi , Li Xiuhong , Yang Shengqiang
Published: August 2023

As a novel high efficiency collaborative surface finishing technology of structure shape and surface integrity, bidirectional composite vibratory finishing (BCVF) can be applied to finish various complex components. The movement behavior of abrasive particles is closely related to the machined part performance. The flow characteristics of particles were analyzed based on the discrete element method (DEM), which reveals that the granular temperature can explain the changes in the normal and tangential cumulative contact energy on the workpiece surface. In addition, the normal contact force on the container sidewall and the pressure distribution on the workpiece surface were tested under different process parameters and the results were compared with DEM simulations. The results show that DEM model accurately predicted the particle-wall normal contact force frequency content, and the dominant frequencies are the container driving frequency and its multiplication. Meanwhile, the pressure-sensitive film can clearly and intuitively demonstrate the integrated action behavior of the particles on the workpiece surface. The overall trends of the measured pressure were comparable to the simulation results, in that the pressure increased significantly with vibration frequency and amplitude. Dimensionless vibration velocity amplitude has been verified effective in analyzing the combined effect of vibration frequency and amplitude. Therefore, it is shown that spherical particle in simulation can predict some critical properties in non-spherical processing, which provides a reference for the extended application of the BCVF process.
Electric Field Simulation and Appropriate Electrode Positioning for Optimized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Stroke Patients: An In Silico Model
Authors: Yoon Mi-Jeong , Park Hye Jung , Yoo Yeun Jie , Oh Hyun Mi , Im Sun , Kim Tae-Woo , Lim Seong Hoon
Published: August 2023

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has benefits for motor rehabilitation in stroke patients, but its clinical application is limited due to inter-individual heterogeneous effects. Recently, optimized tDCS that considers individual brain structure has been proposed, but the utility thereof has not been studied in detail. We explored whether optimized tDCS provides unique electrode positions for each patient and creates a higher target electric field than the conventional approach. A comparative within-subject simulation study was conducted using data collected for a randomized controlled study evaluating the effect of optimized tDCS on upper extremity function in stroke patients. Using Neurophet tES LAB 3.0 software, individual brain models were created based on magnetic resonance images and tDCS simulations were performed for each of the conventional and optimized configurations. A comparison of electrode positions between conventional tDCS and optimized tDCS was quantified by calculation of Euclidean distances. A total of 21 stroke patients were studied. Optimized tDCS produced a higher electric field in the hand motor region than conventional tDCS, with an average improvement of 20%. The electrode montage for optimized tDCS was unique to each patient and exhibited various configurations that differed from electrode placement of conventional tDCS. Optimized tDCS afforded a higher electric field in the target of a stroke patient compared to conventional tDCS, which was made possible by appropriately positioning the electrodes. Our findings may encourage further trials on optimized tDCS for motor rehabilitation after stroke.
Cuckoo search algorithm with ensemble strategy and the application in chaotic time series prediction
Authors: Cheng Jiatang , Lin Qiuhong , Xiong Yan
Published: August 2023

Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is a simple and effective search technique. However, CS algorithm may suffer from premature convergence as the complexity of the problem increases. To address this challenge, a cuckoo search algorithm with ensemble strategy, called CSES, is presented to strengthen the convergence performance. Specifically, three new search strategies with diverse properties are designed to well balance the trade-off between global exploration and local exploitation. After that, according to the idea of selective ensemble, a priority roulette method is employed to select the appropriate search strategy at different stages of the evolution process, so as to produce more promising results. To investigate the comprehensive performance of CSES algorithm, extensive experiments are carried out on 53 benchmark functions and three chaotic time series prediction problems. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed CSES is superior to six recently developed CS variants and several other advanced evolutionary algorithms.
Outcomes of Lateral Approach in Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Insights from a Single-Surgeon experience
Authors: Giulioni Carlo , Castellani Daniele , Vuong Nam-Son , Riviere Julien , Piechaud-Kressmann Julie , Lopez Laurent Hugo , Piechaud Thierry , Roche Jean-Baptiste , Rouffilange Jean , Hoepffner Jean-Luc , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Gaston Richard Pierre , Pierquet Grégory
Published: August 2023

Objective: In the era of robotic prostate surgery, various techniques have been developed to improve functional outcomes. Urinary continence has shown satisfactory results, but the preservation of lateral nerves to the periprostatic capsule is only achievable by sparing the pubovesical complex. This study aims to present the first cases of lateral-approach robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (LRRP) performed by a novice surgeon.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 prostate cancer patients who underwent LRRP between October 2019 and September 2021, analyzing the perioperative and functional outcomes.
Results: The median operative time and intraoperative blood loss were 102 (92-108) minutes and 150 (130-180) mL, respectively. Five minor postoperative complications were reported, and the median hospital stay was 2 (1-2) days. Eleven positive surgical margins occurred. Potency and urinary continence recovery were achieved in 59 (84%) and 66 (94%) patients, respectively, 12 months after surgery.
Conclusions: Our analysis shows that LRRP is a safe and effective procedure for prostate cancer surgery. Continence recovery and potency recovery required a short learning curve, with an acceptable recovery rate even in the initial cases.
Development of an integrated machine learning-based approach utilizing NK cell marker genes for prostate cancer prognosis and treatment response characteristics
Authors: Maimaitiyimin Abudukeyoumu , An Hengqing , Xing Chen , Li Xiaodong , Li Zhao , Bai Junbo , Luo Cheng , Zhuo Tao , Huang Xin , Maimaiti Aierpati , Aikemu Abudushalamu , Wang Yujie
Published: August 2023

Background
Despite prostate cancer's (PCa) highly variable behavior and unclear response to immunotherapy, the importance of NK cells isn't comprehensively studied. Our study aimed to use a robust computational framework to consider NK cell marker gene signatures (NKCMGS) from 1,072 global PCa patients, intending to establish a reliable biomarker that can prognose and predict immunotherapy response.
Methods
NK cell-related biomarkers were studied in PRAD patients from six worldwide cohorts, creating a reliable NKCMGS biomarker using 101 genes and varied machine learning techniques. NKCMGS was further analyzed immunologically, providing new immunotherapy response and prognosis perspectives.
Results
The NKCMGS integrated 13 key genes, effectively classifying patients into high- and low-risk groups. Survival curves drawn from NKCMGS scores, age, T stage, and Gleason scores, established the reliable prognostic trait of NKCMGS. Biologically, high-scored NKCMGS indicated enhanced fatty acid and β-alanine metabolism pathways, while low scores showed enrichment in DNA repair and replication, homologous recombination, and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, low-risk patients demonstrated higher drug sensitivity, thus suggesting the potential of NKCMGS in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor effectiveness.
Conclusion
Our robust machine learning framework, integrated with NKCMGS, show significant potential for providing personalized risk assessment and valuable treatment strategies for PCa patients.
Concealing bad news: clinicians’ lived experience of a cultural dilemma
Authors: Holmes Sophie Nilusha , Forbes Karen , Illing Jan
Published: August 2023

Introduction
When asked to conceal bad news from patients, clinicians face a professional dilemma. In many geographical settings, patients’ relatives commonly ask doctors to hide serious diagnoses. Although well-intentioned, the practice is known to create suffering, impacting on the patient, their caregivers and the healthcare team. Our study deepens existing understanding through uncovering clinicians’ lived experience, with the goal of informing training to tackle this professional challenge.
Methods
Recognising that this practice varies significantly internationally, we recruited clinicians who had experienced two cultures: medical students receiving a UK curriculum, in Malaysia and the UK, and UK-based international medical graduates (IMGs). Twenty-six medical students and sixteen IMGs participated. Drawing on phenomenology, we used focus groups and semi-structured interviews.
Results
For our participants, concealing diagnoses created three major sources of suffering: moral discomfort, dilemma and powerlessness. Sympathetic distress at the impact on the patient was marked. However, conflicting personal values created uncertainty, in part rooted in misplaced fear that diagnostic disclosure may harm the patient. Even when our participants wanted to disclose bad news, feeling under-equipped for communication challenges and facing coercion, they experienced a sense of powerlessness.
Discussion
The crucial initial step is for medical education to acknowledge that requests to conceal bad news happen. We need to provide a communication strategy for tackling this phenomenon, which upholds the patient’s right to knowledge while maintaining collaboration and trust with the family. Above all, this dilemma highlights the need for globalised education to revitalise medical ethics, expanding cultural humility and curriculum decolonisation.
Unveiling convergent and divergent intrinsic brain network alternations in depressed adolescents engaged in non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors with and without suicidal attempts
Authors: Li Linling , Liang Zhen , Li Guohua , Xu Hong , Yang Xing , Liu Xia , Zhang Xin , Wang Jianhong , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhou Yongjie
Published: August 2023

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal attempt (SA) frequently occur during depressed adolescents, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. The maturation of network connectivity is a central feature of brain development during adolescence. However, few researchers have investigated the similarities and differences in the intrinsic brain networks between NSSI with NSSI + SA in depressed adolescent populations. We collected self-reported questionnaires and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a sample of depressed adolescents, categorized into three groups: clinical control (non-self-harm), NSSI-only, and NSSI + SA based on self-harm history. The alternations of FC patterns were identified through support vector machine-based classification. The alternations of intra-/inter-network FCs among the Control, SalVAtten, Limbic, and Default networks were observed as the convergent alternations between adolescent NSSI with or without a history of SA. Divergent alternations were also observed for depressed adolescents with a history of SA, involving the Limbic, DorsAttn, Visual, and Subcortical networks. The severity of depressive symptoms only showed a significant correlation with altered FCs in Limbic-DorAttn and Limbic-Visual networks, strengthening the fact that these observed alternations of FC could not all be explained by increased depression severity. The observed convergent alternations may explain an underlying neurobiological mechanism pertaining to the continuum of self-destructiveness; the discovery of divergent alternations could help to identify biomarkers that will aid in differentiating those at risk for SA and contribute to the development of neurobiologically informed interventions.
Functional correlation tensors in brain white matter and the effects of normal aging
Authors: Xu Lyuan , Gao Yurui , Li Muwei , Lawless Richard , Zhao Yu , Schilling Kurt , Rogers Baxter , Anderson Adam , Ding Zhaohua , Landman Bennett , Gore John
Published: August 2023

Resting state correlations between voxels in white matter (WM) are demonstrably anisotropic, which has led to the derivation of functional correlation tensors (FCT) to quantify the structure of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effects in WM tracts. However, the reproducibility of FCTs across brains has not been established, while changes in WM occur with normal aging, development and in neurological disorders. For example, previous research has demonstrated severe age-related changes in the microstructure of the brain, including axonal demyelination in WM. Here we report our analyses of the FCT characteristics of fMRI images of a large cohort of 461 cognitively normal subjects (190 females, 271 males) sourced from the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS), with age distributions of 42 y/o – 95 y/o. FCT indices, including axial functional correlations, radial functional correlations, mean functional correlations and fractional anisotropy, were quantified in WM bundles defined by the JHU ICBM-DTI-81 WM atlas, and their variations with normal aging were examined. The results revealed a dimorphic distribution of changes in FCT metrics, with decreases of the functional correlations in some regions and increases in others. Significant correlations between FCT findings and neuropsychological scores were also observed in several WM tracts, indicating relationships between cognitive performances and resting-state correlations. These findings converge to suggest that local functional connectivity of brain WM changes with normal aging in a region-, and age-specific manner.
Groundwater Potential Zone demarcating using GIS Technique: A Case Study in Harur Taluk, Dharmapuri District, Tamilnadu
Authors: Arivazhagan A. , Senthilkumar M.
Published: August 2023

Groundwater availability and supplies around the world are under tremendous pressure as a result of climatic changes by recent decade over. The requirement to assess the groundwater potential in this case area for productivity of aquifers grows as the need for drinking water for human use, agriculture, and industrial applications rises worldwide. Since it provides quick information on the water supply for future developments and management at the village level, geographic information systems have been increasingly important in groundwater exploration in recent years. In sequence to define the groundwater potential target at the village level in the harur Taluka of the Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, the present study has been chosen. In the current study, a geographic information system and analytical tools were used. For the purpose of defining the groundwater potential zone, a total of seven theme layers such as geology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, rainfall, soil, and slope were produced and researched. All of the themed maps' weights are based on each class's attributes and water potential capacity. Cross-validating the output's accuracy with local groundwater prospects yielded a technique accuracy score of about 90%. This led to the classification of the groundwater potential zone are classed as high, moderate, low, and extremely low. The analysis shows that a moderate groundwater potential zone covers about 59% of the Harur Taluka. Zones with low and high groundwater potential are found in 11% and 29% of the total areas, respectively. Only a very small number of locations fall under very high to very low potential zones reported.
Knowledge and Practices regarding Guideline-directed Medical Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) among Physicians in Beijing, China: a Cross- sectional Study
Authors: Xie Ying , Wang Yintang , Geng Yu , Zhao Lanting , Wang Fei , She Fei , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2023

Background
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practices of physicians in Beijing toward the use of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HFrEF.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled physicians at 13 districts of Beijing between November 2022 and December 2022. A self-administered questionnaire was designed that included demographic, knowledge and practice dimensions.
Results
The study included 290 physicians (females, 63.79%). The average knowledge score was 28.23 ± 9.03 (total score: 43), indicating a moderate level of knowledge. Knowledge gaps were identified in areas such as the use and dosing of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. A higher knowledge score was associated with higher qualifications, specialization as a cardiologist, senior professional title and more than 5 years of work experience (all P < 0.05). Suboptimal practices were identified in the prescribing and dosing of ARNIs, beta-blockers, MRAs and SGLT2 inhibitors.
Conclusion
The physicians in Beijing had unsatisfactory knowledge and inadequate practices regarding GDMT for HFrEF. The findings may facilitate the design and implementation of training interventions to raise awareness about GDMT for HFrEF.
HTL-free non-toxic perovskite tandem solar device MAGeI3/FASnI3 with 25.69% efficiency: design and simulation using SCAPS
Authors: Arfaoui Youssef El , Khenfouch Mohammed , Habiballah Nabil
Published: August 2023

Lead-free Hybrid Organic-Inorganic perovskite have gained remarkable interest for photovoltaic application due to their lack of toxicity. In this work, We design and simulate for the first time an all HTL-free non-toxic perovskite solar tandem device using SCAPS-1D. The (MAGeI3) with 1.9eV band gap is employed as a top-cell, while, the bottom-cell is FASnI3 with a band gap of 1.41eV. this new study is interesting since we remov the HTL layer from two sub-cells. Initially, individual sub-cell improvement was carried out through varying the solar cell's parameters, starting with the absorber thickness and doping level, the ETL thickness, the ETL electron affinities, and the capture cross-section, and the effect of various ETL on the device performance of bottom sub-cell. Then, The tandem solar cell is then constructed using these individually HTL-free optimized sub-cells. A current matching JSC of 15.85/cm2 was produced between the top and bottom sub-cell thickness of 860nm and 925nm, respectively. The tandem device simulation with MAGeI3 on FASnI3 yielding a PCE of 25.69%, Voc=1.3681V; Jsc= 15.85mA/cm2, and FF= 75.95%, that was much greater than each sub-cells output. The findings of this study demonstrate the possibility of using cheap, HTL-free non-toxic perovskite solar cells to produce high PCE in tandem devices.
Using Quality Improvement to Optimize Blood Product Utilization in a Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Trivedi Mira , Sheth Shreya , Cooper Felicia , Elhoff Justin , Rodrigues Miranda , Stapleton Gary
Published: August 2023

Packed red blood cells (PRBC) are frequently ordered for cardiac catheterization procedures, which increases resource utilization and patient charges. We created a quality improvement project focused on optimizing ordering of PRBC for pediatric cardiac procedures. Our primary aim was to increase adherence to ordering guidelines to greater than 97%, with a global aim to decrease patient cost by reducing associated charges. The existing blood product ordering guidelines were revised and procedure reports were updated to include administration of blood products. Appropriate measures were tracked to monitor the rate of pre-procedure PRBC orders, adherence to the new protocol guidelines, verify appropriate documentation and monitor the rate of blood transfusion within 24 hours post-procedure as well as incidence of emergency release blood during a procedure. During our study period, there was a statistically significant process change from a median of 86–100% adherence (p = 0.01) since implementation of the updated guidelines. With improved adherence, we decreased the use of hospital resources and charges to the patient in low-risk cardiac catheterization procedures, without an increase in adverse events.
Partial discharge fault identification of transformer based on CNN-SVM and multi-model fusion
Authors: An Qi , Yang Panshuo , Wang Kepeng , Han Xiaohui , An Guoqing , Du Zhenbin , He Ping
Published: August 2023

Partial discharge pattern recognition has been established as a standard diagnostic tool for monitoring the operation of electrical equipment. Intelligent state recognition is the development trend of transformer state recognition, but the existing intelligent state recognition has the disadvantages of single model and low recognition accuracy. In order to overcome this shortcoming, a multi-dimensional information source transformer partial discharge fault identification method based on D-S evidence theory is proposed. Firstly, wavelet packet decomposition is used to extract the energy features of high frequency partial discharge signal and ultrasonic signal. Then, according to the selected feature set, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model and CNN-SVM model are established respectively. Finally, the Dempster-Shafer(D-S) evidence theory is used to combine the output results of the two signal recognition models. The results show that using the proposed wavelet packet decomposition energy feature set as input vector, the recognition rates of the two signals CNN-SVM models reach 95% and 81.67%, which are 3.33% and 8.34% higher than CNN respectively. The overall performance of D-S evidence theory fusion method is better than that of CNN and CNN-SVM, and the accuracy and consistency are improved by 3.33% and 16.66% respectively. The effectiveness and feasibility of this method are verified.
Three-dimensional Characterization of Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Human Dermal Skin
Authors: Zhou Mengyao , González Patrick José , Haasterecht Ludo van , Soylu Alperen , Mihailovski Maria , Zuijlen Paul van , Groot Marie Louise
Published: August 2023

The intact and healthy skin forms a barrier to the outside world and protects the body from mechanicalimpact. The skin is a complex structure with unique mechano-elastic properties. To better direct the design of biomimetic materials and induce skin regeneration in wounds with optimal outcome, more insight is required in how the mechano-elastic properties emerge from skin’s main constituents, collagen and elastin fibers. Here, we employed two-photon auto excited fluorescence (2PEF) and secondharmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to characterize collagen and elastin fibers in 3D in 24 humandermis skin samples. We performed uniaxial stretching experiments to determine mechanical tissueparameters from the resulting strain-stress curves. We also monitored changes in collagen and elastin alignment during uniaxial stretching in real-time. The strain-stress curves show a large variation, with an average Young’s modules in the heel and linear elastic regions of 0.1 MPa and 21 MPa. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the correlation between key mechanical properties, Young’smodulus, maximal strain and maximal stress to micro-structural parameters, fiber density, diameterand orientation, and age. To capture non-linear dependencies between the four characteristics and the micro-structural properties, we calculated the so-called distance correlation (DC) between the variousvariables. Age was found to correlate negatively with Youngs modulus and collagen density. Elastin fibers aligned significantly in both the heel and linear regions, the collagen bundles engaged andoriented mainly in the linear region. This research advances our understanding of skin biomechanicsand yields input for future first principles full modeling of skin tissue.
Obesity: a State of Metaflammation
Authors: Fouad Shaimaa H. , Eldeeb Mai , Baioumy Shereen A. , Taha Sara I. , Ibrahim Rehab A. , Elgendy Aya , Hussain Marwa H.M. , Omran Azza A. , Roman Sylvia W.
Published: August 2023

Background: Obesity is a worldwide health issue linked to chronic low-grade inflammation causing multiple obesity-related comorbid conditions. Several mediators were linked to metaflammation in obese patients.
Objectives: To assess the serum levels of leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α among female Egyptians with obesity and investigate their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).
Methods: This case-control study included 60 females in each group. Their laboratory and anthropometric data were compared and correlated with each other.
Results: Serum leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α showed significantly higher levels in females with obesity and showed a significant increase with higher classes of obesity. All three markers (leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α) showed positive correlations with each other and with body weight, body mass index, fat mass index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and waist and hip circumferences. Only TNF-α and Wnt5a were associated with metabolic syndrome among the obesity group, with Wnt5a being the only independent risk factor for MetS.
Conclusion: Serum leptin, Wnt5a, and TNF-α are significantly higher in women with obesity. Thus, it could be a future candidate for various metabolic-targeted therapies.
Optimizing Hydroponic Management Practices for Organically Grown Greenhouse Tomato under Abiotic Stress Conditions
Authors: Dash Prosanta K. , Guo Bing , Leskovar Daniel I.
Published: August 2023

Hot and humid conditions create challenges for tomato production under a controlled environment. Low tomato productivity is related to the lack of stress tolerance of existing cultivars and their ability to maximize fruit set and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three management strategies, cultivar selection, grafting, and plant density, for the growth and production efficiency of organically grown hydroponic tomatoes under adverse environmental conditions in Qatar. The experiment used a split-split plot design with ‘Velocity F1’ and ‘Sigma F1’ as the main plot treatments and a factorial arrangement of grafting combinations and planting densities (3.5 and 5.5 plants/m2) as subplots. Tomato cultivar Velocity F1 grafted on Maxifort F1 resulted in greater vegetative growth and improved phenological attributes than nongrafted Velocity F1. Grafted ‘Velocity F1’ plants grown at 3.5 plants/m2 had an increase in leaf photosynthetic rates (18%), less transpiration loss (16%), and less electrolyte leakage (15%) while maintaining stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentrations. At 9 weeks after transplanting, canopy growth was higher (24%) and flowering occurred earlier (3 days) with grafted ‘Velocity F1’ transplants than with nongrafted transplants. Higher fruit sets (20%), pollen viability (22%), and fewer flower drops (17%) were also observed for grafted ‘Velocity F1’ transplants than for nongrafted transplants. Marketable fruit yields were higher (26%) with grafted ‘Velocity F1’ grown at 3.5 plants/m2 than with nongrafted ‘Velocity F1’. Both grafted ‘Velocity F1’ and ‘Sigma F1’ fruits retained acceptable fruit color (L*, a*, b*, C*, °h), firmness, °Brix, titratable acidity, weight, and prolonged shelf life by 4 additional days than nongrafted ones. We conclude that grafted tomato ‘Velocity F1’ grown at a plant density of 3.5 plants/m2 was the best management strategy for enhancing seedlings quality, plant growth, and postharvest quality and alleviating abiotic stresses under this protected environment and hydroponic system.
Design and Implementation of a Soil Matric Potential-based Automated Irrigation System for Drip Irrigating Fraser Fir
Authors: Nzokou Pascal , Gooch Nicholas J. , Cregg Bert M.
Published: August 2023

Irrigation of fraser fir (Abies fraseri) in Christmas tree production is gaining importance in the upper midwestern United States because of the intensive planting of this species out of its natural range. However, current scheduling practices rely on empirical observations with no monitoring of soil moisture and no use of automated irrigation system. The goal of this project was to design, construct, and implement a tensiometer-based automated irrigation system for fraser fir Christmas tree plantations that would (1) use existing technologies, (2) apply water based on changes in soil moisture content, (3) provide operational flexibility, and (4) interface with a computer for system changes, data collection, and system modifications. Soil tensiometers equipped with 4- to 20-milliampere transducers were installed at two drip-irrigated tree farms. Water on demand was controlled by soil moisture tension levels that triggered the stimulation of a relay wired to solenoids delivering irrigation water to the various treatments. The system functioned according to the design as expected. However, several issues associated with the need for regular maintenance of tensiometers, computer programming, and system wiring created some challenges regarding the reliability and transferability of similar system to commercial facilities.
Basal forebrain modulation of olfactory coding in vivo
Authors: Venegas Juan Pablo , Navarrete Marcela , Orellana-Garcia Laura , Rojas Marcelo , Avello-Duarte Felipe , Nunez-Parra Alexia
Published: August 2023

Sensory perception is one of the most fundamental brain functions allowing individuals to properly interact and adapt to a constantly changing environment. This process requires the integration of bottom-up and top-down neuronal activity that is centrally mediated by the basal forebrain, a brain region that has been linked to a series of cognitive processes such as attention and alertness.
Here, we review the latest research using optogenetic approaches in rodents and in vivo electrophysiological recordings that are shedding light into the role of this region regulating olfactory processing and decision-making. Moreover, we summarize evidence highlighting the anatomical and physiological differences in the basal forebrain of individuals with autism spectrum disorder, which could underpin the sensory perception abnormalities they exhibit and propose this research line as a potential opportunity to understand the neurobiological basis of this disorder.
Factors Influencing the Continuous Usage of Mobile Banking Services in Butembo, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Kalumendo Rodrigue
Published: August 2023

The emergence of cell phones and the Internet has resulted in many people adopting e-commerce, particularly mobile banking. Mobile banking services are also being adopted in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), although at an early stage. This study aims to examine the intention of m-Banking users to continue using its applications. Data were collected from 120 customers with experience of using m-Banking. A regression analysis was carried out. Results revealed a positive link between perceived usefulness, performance, confidence, satisfaction, and continuous usage of m-Banking. The perceived cost had a negative impact on continuous usage. The study did not establish any relationship between quality of service and continuous usage. This study confirms the need to extend the TAM model when studying m-Banking adoption. The findings will be useful to banks in their m-Banking implementation strategies. Keywords: Continuous usage, DRC, M-Banking, Performance, Perceived cost, Perceived usefulness, Service quality, Satisfaction, Trust.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MODIFIED POSTERIOR SHOULDER STRETCHING EXERCISES IN POSTERIOR SHOULDER TIGHTNESS AND GLENOHUMERAL INTERNAL ROTATION DEFICIT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: TÜRKSAN Halime Ezgi , YESILYAPRAK Sevgi Sevi
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Posterior shoulder tightness (PST) and Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) can impact shoulder biomechanics and damage shoulder function. Posterior shoulder stretching exercises (PSSEs) are often performed in traditional positions to improve posterior shoulder inflexibility. However, these traditional positions can cause inadequate control of the scapula and glenohumeral rotation. The modified PSSEs through scapular stabilization are preferred as current trends to effective management of the GIRD and PST. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding which type of modified PSSE is more effective on PST and GIRD improvement. Therefore, we aimed to describe the efficacy of modified PSSEs on PST and GIRD in symptomatic and asymptomatic populations to aid clinicians when making decisions for these populations.

Methods:A literature search was conducted for a systematic review. Relevant studies were searched from appropriate electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Review, Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science as well as Google Scholar©), and selected the eligible studies for inclusion.

Results: The present systematic literature search generated 127 relevant citations and 17 articles were included in the final review. As an outcome measure GIRD was assessed in all included studies, whereas PST was assessed in 10 studies.There was high evidence related to the positive effects of both modified cross-body and sleeper stretch to improve GIRD and PST.

Conclusion: According to this systematic literature review, both modified cross-body and sleeper stretch are effective in the improvement of GIRD and PST. Future research should focus on other specific shoulder diseases and should also recruit specific participants to address the effectiveness of modified PSSEs on GIRD and PST.
Clinical Usefulness of Abbreviated MRI Protocol in Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Hamid Marlina Tanty Ramli , Loi Kai Seng , Chan Wai Yee , Ab Mumin Nazimah , Abdul Hamid Shamsiah , Izza Rozalli Faizatul , Rahmat Kartini
Published: August 2023

Background:

The use of breast MRI for screening has increased over the past decade, mostly in women with a high risk of breast cancer. Abbreviated breast
MRI (AB-MR) is introduced to make MRI a more accessible screening modality. AB-MR decreases scanning and reporting time and the overall
cost of MRI.

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of abbreviated MRI protocol in detecting breast cancer in screening and diagnostic populations,
using histopathology as the reference standard.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study of 134 patients with 198 histologically proven breast lesions who underwent full
diagnostic protocol contrast-enhanced breast MRI (FDP-MR) at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) from 1st January 2018 to 31st
December 2019. AB-MR was pre-determined and evaluated with regard to the potential to detect and exclude malignancy from 3 readers of
varying radiological experiences. The sensitivity of both AB-MR and FDP-MR were compared using the McNemar test, where both protocols'
diagnostic performances were assessed via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Inter-observer agreement was analysed using Fleiss
Kappa.

Results:

There were 134 patients with 198 lesions. The average age was 50.9 years old (range 27 – 80). A total of 121 (90%) MRIs were performed for
diagnostic purposes. Screening accounted for 9.4% of the cases, 55.6% (n=110) lesions were benign, and 44.4% (n=88) were malignant. The
commonest benign and malignant lesions were fibrocystic change (27.3%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (78.4%). The mean sensitivity,
specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for AB-MR were 0.96, 0.57, 0.68 and 0.94, respectively. Both AB-MR and
FDP-MR showed excellent diagnostic performance with AUC of 0.88 and 0.96, respectively. The general inter-observer agreement of all three
readers for AB-MR was substantial (k=0.69), with fair agreement demonstrated between AB-MR and FDP-MR (k=0.36).

Conclusion:

The study shows no evidence that the diagnostic efficacy of AB-MR is inferior to FDP-MR. AB-MR, with high sensitivity, has proven its
capability in cancer detection and exclusion, especially for biologically aggressive cancers.
Experimental analysis of FDM structures in shape memory polylactic acid
Authors: Desole M.P.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The behavior of solid cellular structures in polylactic acid (PLA) manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is herein investigated. In particular, the manuscript investigates the capability of permanently deformed PLA structures to restore their starting shapes, once a thermal stimulus is applied on them. In this study, a structure called Rototetrachiral was produced, which originates from Rotochiral and Tetrachiral. The latter was tested to verify its mechanical response and its ability to absorb energy when subjected to a compression stress, repeated over several cycles. The experimental results showed a close connection between the structure’s ability to absorb energy and its extent of damage, which gradually increases with the number of cycles. Microscopic analysis shows that the central cells are the most deformed. However, the applied thermal stimulus allows to recover the deformation, ensuring good performance of the structure for a certain number of cycles.
Dimensional and geometric deviations of parts in PA12 manufactured by selective laser sintering: numerical and experimental analyses
Authors: Vendittoli V.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) uses a laser to sinter powdered polymeric materials, such as Polyamide 12 (PA12). Industrially, it is commonly used as a mixture of virgin and aged powder. The aged powder has undergone various thermal cycles without being sintered. This work aims to evaluate the differences in the dimensional and geometrical deviations of parts in PA12 obtained through SLS by virgin and aged powder. A numerical approach was used to simulate the SLS software to foresee these dimensional deviations as a function of the powder’s physical-chemical properties and the process parameters. The obtained results were validated through an experimental approach. Parallelepiped-shaped specimens were manufactured using an SLS printer and measured with a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The numerical results agree with the experimental ones. It seems that the differences between the dimensional deviations of the
In-process inspection of lattice geometry with laser line scanning and optical tomography in fused filament fabrication
Authors: Moretti M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. One of the challenges of lattice manufacturing by fused filament fabrication is to achieve geometric accuracy of the internal reticular structures. In this work a solution for in-process inspection is presented, based on combining a custom laser scanner system, mounted into the fabrication machine, and a method for optical tomography. The scanner allows for 2.5D layer measurement, with superior detection of layer edges with respect to 2D optical imaging. Optical tomography is then achieved by vertical stacking of reconstructed layer boundaries, leading to a full volumetric reconstruction of the lattice as a voxel model. Inspection can be performed layer-wise, by comparing the current slice measured by the laser scanner with a reference virtual layer obtained by simulation of the deposition process, or on entire portions of reconstructed 3D geometry, by performing voxel-wise comparisons in 3D, to identify local missing or excess deposited material. The proposed solution proves capable of monitoring an evolving 3D part geometry, allowing also the observation of internal regions, invisible when using conventional optical, post-process imaging methods.
Robust in-line qualification of lattice structures manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Colosimo B.M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The shape complexity enabled by AM would impose new part inspection systems (e.g., x-ray computed tomography), which translate into qualification time and costs that may be not affordable. However, the layerwise nature of the process potentially allows anticipating qualification tasks in-line and in-process, leading to a quick detection of defects since their onset stage. This opportunity is particularly attractive in the presence of lattice structures, whose industrial adoption has considerably increased thanks to AM. This paper presents a novel methodology to model the quality of lattice structures at unit cell level while the part is being built, using high resolutions images of the powder bed for in-line geometry reconstruction and identification of deviations from the nominal shape. The methodology is designed to translate complex 3D shapes into 1D deviation profiles that capture the “geometrical signature” of the cell together with the reconstruction uncertainty.
UV picosecond laser processing for microfluidic applications
Authors: Siciliani V.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In recent years, the fields of nanomedicine and nanopharmaceuticals have seen extensive use of microfluidic technologies. A microfluidic system transports fluids through micrometer-sized channels usually generated by replication on silicones. However, using laser technology and glass material together reduces manufacturing time, while maintaining high accuracy, and has the greatest benefit of being flexible. In this frame, the work aims to evaluate the potential of an ultrafast laser source for rapid and precise prototyping of a glass micromixer device. The study involves scanning electron microscopy to analyze the morphology, and confocal microscopy to investigate the topography of the sample. In addition, the study investigates the main process strategy to gain optimization of the processing time. Finally, the functionality of the manufactured devices is assessed, through a mixing test of two fluids with different pH.
Effect of carbon nanotube content on the mechanical behaviour of CFRP composite materials
Authors: ANDREOZZI M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The present investigation aims at studying the effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) content on the mechanical performances of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite materials. To this purpose, percentages of carbon nanotubes, ranging from 0.5 to 4%, were dispersed in the epoxy resin used to impregnate carbon fibers. Tensile and flexural tests were performed in order to evaluate the effect of CNTs content on the tensile and flexural performances of CFRP composites reinforced using different percentages of carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscopy analysis was carried out in order to analyze the dispersion of the CNTs in the composite laminates. The results showed that the addition of nanofillers up to the value of 3% leads to an improvement in the tensile and flexural performances of CFRP composites.
Static indentation properties of basalt fiber reinforced composites for naval applications
Authors: Borsellino C.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In recent years, the attention toward the use of basalt fiber reinforced composite in shipbuilding is significantly grown. Basalt is a green and environmentally friendly high-tech fiber made without environmental pollution. Among the natural fibers that can be used as reinforcement, it represents one of the most interesting due to its excellent mechanical properties. The goal of this research is to mechanically characterize some laminates used by Intermarine to make several structural or non-structural parts (i.e., hulls, deck), where the glass fibers are substituted with basalt ones at varying the manufacturing process (i.e., hand-lay-up and vacuum infusion). Specifically, static indentation tests were performed with different pin diameters (i.e., 17 mm, and 20 mm) and speeds (i.e., 1.25 mm/min, and 2.50 mm/min) to study the difference between glass and basalt in terms of resistance and failure modes.
Surface micro – texturing of tapping tools with complex geometry
Authors: Mazzonetto M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Lubrication control and tribological aspects affect all the machining operations: minimizing the friction coefficient, reducing the heat generated during machining or decreasing stresses during cutting operations are just some sought goals during machining. A fundamental aspect is also related to the drop of the amount of cutting fluid required during manufacturing processes. In fact, this can respond to issues related to the process sustainability thus allowing machining under MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) conditions. The aim of this work is to propose an effective methodological procedure to texture cutting tools with complex geometry. A picosecond laser system operating at infrared frequency was used to structure the whole cutting tool surface. Rectangular dimples were selected as texture pattern to ensure the evaluation of the dimensions achieved by the dimples. Textured surfaces topography will allow the evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed process.