bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap Between Biofuels and Biodiversity Through Monetizing Environmental Services of Miscanthus Cultivation
Authors: Von Cossel Moritz , Winkler Bastian , Mangold Anja , Lask Jan , Wagner Moritz , Lewandowski Iris , Elbersen Berien , van Eupen Michiel , Mantel Stephan , Kiesel Andreas
Published: August 2020

Carbon neutrality in the transport sector is a key challenge for the growing bioeconomy as the share of biofuels has stagnated over the past decade. This can be attributed to basic economics and a lack of a robust market for these technologies. Consequently, more sustainable biomass supply concepts are required that reduce negative impacts on the environment and at the same time promote environmental services for sustainable agricultural cropping systems including erosion prevention, soil fertility improvement, greenhouse gas mitigation, and carbon sequestration. One promising concept is the cultivation of perennial biomass crops such as Miscanthus (Miscanthus Andersson) as biofuel feedstock. In this study, the multiple environmental services provided by Miscanthus are first explored and subsequently monetized. Then the integration of Miscanthus cultivation for biomass production into European agricultural systems is assessed. One hectare of Miscanthus provides society with environmental services to a value of 1,200 to 4,183 € a−1. These services are even more pronounced when cultivation takes place on marginal agricultural land. The integration of Miscanthus into existing agricultural practices aids both conservation and further optimization of socio‐economic welfare and landscape diversification. As these environmental services are more beneficial to the public than the Miscanthus farmers, subsidies are required to close the gap between biofuels and biodiversity that are calculated based on the provision of environmental services. Similar approaches to that developed in this study may be suitable for the implementation of other biomass cropping systems and therefore help foster the transition to a bioeconomy.
A Participatory Science Approach to Expanding Instream Infrastructure Inventories
Authors: Whittemore Aaron , Ross Matthew R. V. , Dolan Wayana , Langhorst Theodore , Yang Xiao , Pawar Sayali , Jorissen Michiel , Lawton Eric , Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie , Pavelsky Tamlin
Published: August 2020

Over the past decade, remote sensing data have improved in resolution and become more widely available, bringing new opportunities for its use in environmental science and conservation. One potential application is to identify and map instream infrastructure across the world, with important implications for fisheries, hydrology, flooding, and more. To date, databases of instream infrastructure focus on larger dams with reservoirs that are comparatively easy to detect with remotely sensed imagery. Despite their impact on freshwater ecosystems, smaller infrastructure is often overlooked. To overcome these challenges, we require more systematic approaches, such as the Global River Obstruction Database (GROD) presented here, to map instream infrastructure. We present a participatory approach to identify, map, and validate infrastructure and provide an initial data set for the contiguous United States (n = 4,197). We highlight the value of participatory methods that include the public and suggest ways they could be fused with machine learning for future applications.
Mathematical Insights into the West African Monsoon
Authors: Wheeling Kate
Published: August 2020

A tool from dynamic systems theory is helping atmospheric scientists identify how dust and moisture mix over West Africa.
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in patients with COVID-19: a phase 1 clinical trial
Authors: Meng Fanping , Xu Ruonan , Wang Siyu , Xu Zhe , Zhang Chao , Li Yuanyuan , Yang Tao , Shi Lei , Fu Junliang , Jiang Tianjun , Huang Lei , Zhao Peng , Yuan Xin , Fan Xing , Zhang Ji-Yuan , Song Jinwen , Zhang Dawei , Jiao Yanmei , Liu Limin , Zhou Chunbao , Maeurer Markus , Zumla Alimuddin , Shi Ming , Wang Fu-Sheng
Published: August 2020

No effective drug treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host-directed therapies targeting the underlying aberrant immune responses leading to pulmonary tissue damage, death, or long-term functional disability in survivors require clinical evaluation. We performed a parallel assigned controlled, non-randomized, phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) infusions in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease. The study enrolled 18 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (n = 9 for each group). The treatment group received three cycles of intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs (3 × 107cells per infusion) on days 0, 3, and 6. Both groups received standard COVID-treatment regimens. Adverse events, duration of clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, length of hospitalization, serial chest computed tomography (CT) images, the PaO2/FiO2ratio, dynamics of cytokines, and IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed. No serious UC-MSCs infusion-associated adverse events were observed. Two patients receiving UC-MSCs developed transient facial flushing and fever, and one patient developed transient hypoxia at 12 h post UC-MSCs transfusion. Mechanical ventilation was required in one patient in the treatment group compared with four in the control group. All patients recovered and were discharged. Our data show that intravenous UC-MSCs infusion in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 is safe and well tolerated. Phase 2/3 randomized, controlled, double-blinded trials with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the therapeutic use of UC-MSCs to reduce deaths and improve long-term treatment outcomes in patients with serious COVID-19.
Nonlinear kernels, dominance, and envirotyping data increase the accuracy of genome-based prediction in multi-environment trials
Authors: Costa-Neto Germano , Fritsche-Neto Roberto , Crossa José
Published: August 2020

Modern whole-genome prediction (WGP) frameworks that focus on multi-environment trials (MET) integrate large-scale genomics, phenomics, and envirotyping data. However, the more complex the statistical model, the longer the computational processing times, which do not always result in accuracy gains. We investigated the use of new kernel methods and modeling structures involving genomics and nongenomic sources of variation in two MET maize data sets. Five WGP models were considered, advancing in complexity from a main-effect additive model (A) to more complex structures, including dominance deviations (D), genotype × environment interaction (AE and DE), and the reaction-norm model using environmental covariables (W) and their interaction with A and D (AW + DW). A combination of those models built with three different kernel methods, Gaussian kernel (GK), Deep kernel (DK), and the benchmark genomic best linear-unbiased predictor (GBLUP/GB), was tested under three prediction scenarios: newly developed hybrids (CV1), sparse MET conditions (CV2), and new environments (CV0). GK and DK outperformed GB in prediction accuracy and reduction of computation time (~up to 20%) under all model–kernel scenarios. GK was more efficient in capturing the variation due to A + AE and D + DE effects and translated it into accuracy gains (~up to 85% compared with GB). DK provided more consistent predictions, even for more complex structures such as W + AW + DW. Our results suggest that DK and GK are more efficient in translating model complexity into accuracy, and more suitable for including dominance and reaction-norm effects in a biologically accurate and faster way.
Bidirectional Wnt signaling between endoderm and mesoderm confers tracheal identity in mouse and human cells
Authors: Kishimoto Keishi , Furukawa Kana T. , Luz-Madrigal Agustin , Yamaoka Akira , Matsuoka Chisa , Habu Masanobu , Alev Cantas , Zorn Aaron M. , Morimoto Mitsuru
Published: August 2020

The periodic cartilage and smooth muscle structures in mammalian trachea are derived from tracheal mesoderm, and tracheal malformations result in serious respiratory defects in neonates. Here we show that canonical Wnt signaling in mesoderm is critical to confer trachea mesenchymal identity in human and mouse. At the initiation of tracheal development, endoderm begins to expressNkx2.1, and then mesoderm expresses theTbx4gene. Loss ofβ-cateninin fetal mouse mesoderm causes loss of Tbx4+tracheal mesoderm and tracheal cartilage agenesis. The mesenchymalTbx4expression relies on endodermal Wnt activation and Wnt ligand secretion but is independent of knownNkx2.1-mediated respiratory development, suggesting that bidirectional Wnt signaling between endoderm and mesoderm promotes trachea development. Activating Wnt, Bmp signaling in mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) generates tracheal mesoderm containing chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells. For human ESC-derived LPM, SHH activation is required along with WNT to generate proper tracheal mesoderm. Together, these findings may contribute to developing applications for human tracheal tissue repair.
Lung-derived HMGB1 is detrimental for vascular remodeling of metabolically imbalanced arterial macrophages
Authors: Boytard Ludovic , Hadi Tarik , Silvestro Michele , Qu Hengdong , Kumpfbeck Andrew , Sleiman Rayan , Fils Kissinger Hyppolite , Alebrahim Dornazsadat , Boccalatte Francesco , Kugler Matthias , Corsica Annanina , Gelb Bruce E. , Jacobowitz Glenn , Miller George , Bellini Chiara , Oakes Jessica , Silvestre Jean-Sébastien , Zangi Lior , Ramkhelawon Bhama
Published: August 2020

Pulmonary disease increases the risk of developing abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, the mechanism underlying the pathological dialogue between the lungs and aorta is undefined. Here, we find that inflicting acute lung injury (ALI) to mice doubles their incidence of AAA and accelerates macrophage-driven proteolytic damage of the aortic wall. ALI-induced HMGB1 leaks and is captured by arterial macrophages thereby altering their mitochondrial metabolism through RIPK3. RIPK3 promotes mitochondrial fission leading to elevated oxidative stress via DRP1. This triggers MMP12 to lyse arterial matrix, thereby stimulating AAA. Administration of recombinant HMGB1 to WT, but not Ripk3−/− mice, recapitulates ALI-induced proteolytic collapse of arterial architecture. Deletion of RIPK3 in myeloid cells, DRP1 or MMP12 suppression in ALI-inflicted mice repress arterial stress and brake MMP12 release by transmural macrophages thereby maintaining a strengthened arterial framework refractory to AAA. Our results establish an inter-organ circuitry that alerts arterial macrophages to regulate vascular remodeling.
Charge and exciton dynamics of OLEDs under high voltage nanosecond pulse: towards injection lasing
Authors: Ahmad Viqar , Sobus Jan , Greenberg Mitchell , Shukla Atul , Philippa Bronson , Pivrikas Almantas , Vamvounis George , White Ronald , Lo Shih-Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B.
Published: August 2020

Electrical pumping of organic semiconductor devices involves charge injection, transport, device on/off dynamics, exciton formation and annihilation processes. A comprehensive model analysing those entwined processes together is most helpful in determining the dominating loss pathways. In this paper, we report experimental and theoretical results of Super Yellow (Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) co-polymer) organic light emitting diodes operating at high current density under high voltage nanosecond pulses. We demonstrate complete exciton and charge carrier dynamics of devices, starting from charge injection to light emission, in a time scale spanning from the sub-ns to microsecond region, and compare results with optical pumping. The experimental data is accurately replicated by simulation, which provides a robust test platform for any organic materials. The universality of our model is successfully demonstrated by its application to three other laser active materials. The findings provide a tool to narrow the search for material and device designs for injection lasing.
Isobutanol production freed from biological limits using synthetic biochemistry
Authors: Sherkhanov Saken , Korman Tyler P. , Chan Sum , Faham Salem , Liu Hongjiang , Sawaya Michael R. , Hsu Wan-Ting , Vikram Ellee , Cheng Tiffany , Bowie James U.
Published: August 2020

Cost competitive conversion of biomass-derived sugars into biofuel will require high yields, high volumetric productivities and high titers. Suitable production parameters are hard to achieve in cell-based systems because of the need to maintain life processes. As a result, next-generation biofuel production in engineered microbes has yet to match the stringent cost targets set by petroleum fuels. Removing the constraints imposed by having to maintain cell viability might facilitate improved production metrics. Here, we report a cell-free system in a bioreactor with continuous product removal that produces isobutanol from glucose at a maximum productivity of 4 g L−1 h−1, a titer of 275 g L−1 and 95% yield over the course of nearly 5 days. These production metrics exceed even the highly developed ethanol fermentation process. Our results suggest that moving beyond cells has the potential to expand what is possible for bio-based chemical production.
Glass alteration in atmospheric conditions: crossing perspectives from cultural heritage, glass industry, and nuclear waste management
Authors: Majérus Odile , Lehuédé Patrice , Biron Isabelle , Alloteau Fanny , Narayanasamy Sathya , Caurant Daniel
Published: August 2020

While glass alteration in liquid water has been widely studied for decades, glass alteration in unsaturated atmosphere (relative humidity, RH < 100%) has been far less examined. However, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the reactions between glass and water in vapor state is fundamental to several fields such as glass industry, conservation of glasses of the cultural heritage and long-term assessment of nuclear waste glasses. This paper outlines the issues raised by the atmospheric alteration of glass in these fields and attempts to summarize the scientific approaches and findings of the three communities. This short review reveals that atmospheric alteration should not be confused with liquid alteration at high S/V (S = exposed surface of glass and V = volume of solution), because the kinetics and the nature of the alteration products are distinct. Notably, alkalies and non-bridging oxygens may be significantly retained in glass hydrated in unsaturated atmosphere, depending on the glass composition. Future lines of research are drawn to progress in the understanding of the specificities of atmospheric glass alteration.
Accurate Lindblad-form master equation for weakly damped quantum systems across all regimes
Authors: McCauley Gavin , Cruikshank Benjamin , Bondar Denys I. , Jacobs Kurt
Published: August 2020

Realistic models of quantum systems must include dissipative interactions with a thermal environment. For weakly-damped systems, while the Lindblad-form Markovian master equation is invaluable for this task, it applies only when the frequencies of any subset of the system’s transitions are degenerate, or their differences are much greater than the transitions’ linewidths. Outside of these regimes the only available efficient description has been the Bloch–Redfield master equation, the efficacy of which has long been controversial due to its failure to guarantee the positivity of the density matrix. The ability to efficiently simulate weakly-damped systems across all regimes is becoming increasingly important, especially in quantum technologies. Here we solve this long-standing problem by deriving a Lindblad-form master equation for weakly-damped systems that is accurate for all regimes. We further show that when this master equation breaks down, so do all time-independent Markovian equations, including the B-R equation. We thus obtain a replacement for the B-R equation for thermal damping that is no less accurate, simpler in structure, completely positive, allows simulation by efficient quantum trajectory methods, and unifies the previous Lindblad master equations. We also show via exact simulations that the new master equation can describe systems in which slowly-varying transition frequencies cross each other during the evolution. System identification tools, developed in systems engineering, play an important role in our analysis. We expect these tools to prove useful in other areas of physics involving complex systems.
Evidence of torpor in the tusks of Lystrosaurus from the Early Triassic of Antarctica
Authors: Whitney Megan R. , Sidor Christian A.
Published: August 2020

Antarctica has hosted a wide range of ecosystems over the past 500-million years. Early in the Mesozoic, the Antarctic portion of southern Pangaea had a more habitable climate, but its position within the polar circle imposed extreme photoperiod seasonality on its resident flora and fauna. It remains unclear to what degree physiological adaptations underpinned the ability of tetrapods to establish the terrestrial communities captured in the fossil record. Here we use regular and stressful growth marks preserved in the dentine of ever-growing tusks of the Early Triassic mammalian predecessor, Lystrosaurus, to test for adaptations specific to this polar inhabitant. We find evidence of prolonged stress indicative of torpor when compared to tusk samples from non-polar populations of Lystrosaurus. These preliminary findings are to our knowledge the oldest instance of torpor yet reported in the fossil record and demonstrate unexpected physiological flexibility in Lystrosaurus that may have contributed its survivorship through the Permo-Triassic mass extinction.
Design of Advanced Catalysts for Natural Gas Reforming Reactions
Authors: Roger A. C. , Parkhomenko K.
Published: August 2020

Here will be presented the different strategies that are proposed to address the deactivation of catalysts for methane reforming, the main process of the transformation of natural gas to provide a synthesis gas that can be further converted into fuels or chemicals or provide hydrogen. The main uses of natural gas will first be presented. The thermodynamics of the reactions involved will then be discussed. The design of more robust catalysts will be the subject of the third part of the chapter. Then, engineering solutions to overcome catalyst deactivation will be presented.
Catalytic Technologies for the Production of Liquid Transportation Fuels from Biomass
Authors: Azancot Lola , Bobadilla Luis F. , Romero-Sarria Francisca , Odriozola José A.
Published: August 2020

The dependence of our current energetic model on fossil fuels and their harmful effects on the environment are strengthening the development of renewable energy sources. Liquid transportation fuels produced via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) from biomass-derived synthesis gas (syngas) promises an attractive and sustainable energy source for the transportation sector of our society. This chapter is mainly focused on the production of liquid fuels from lignocellulosic biomass with particular emphasis on the catalytic aspects that involve the generation of syngas through biogas reforming and producer gas clean-up, as well as the subsequent FTS reaction. Moreover, these processes very often involve catalytic pathways that requires optimal heat control as well as minimizing transport limitations and pressure drops in conventional fixed-bed reactors. As a result, the conventional catalytic technologies operate under suboptimal conditions, and this issue is herein approached by the application of microstructured catalytic systems. In this context, some examples from recent experimental and modelling studies addressing biogas reforming, upgrading of producer gas and conversion of syngas via the Fischer–Tropsch reaction in monoliths, microstructured reactors and foam catalysts are reviewed.
A multifunctional shape-adaptive and biodegradable hydrogel with hemorrhage control and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity for wound healing
Authors: Gao Lingling , Chen Jingjie , Feng Wei , Song Qing , Huo Jingjing , Yu Luofeng , Liu Nian , Wang Tengjiao , Li Peng , Huang Wei
Published: August 2020

An injectable hydrogel wound dressing based on an oxidized dextran and ε-poly-l-lysine network has multiple biological activities.
Emerging antibacterial nanomedicine for enhanced antibiotic therapy
Authors: Wang Shuting , Gao Yifan , Jin Qiao , Ji Jian
Published: August 2020

This review highlights the different mechanisms of current nano-antibiotic systems for combatting serious antibiotic resistance of bacteria.
Pseudocapacitance-dominated high-performance and stable lithium-ion batteries from MOF-derived spinel ZnCo2O4/ZnO/C heterostructure anode
Authors: Liang Huajian , Wu Jiayan , Wang Mengqi , Fan Haosen , Zhang Yufei
Published: August 2020

Spinel ZnCo2O4/ZnO/C hierarchically porous structures were successfully synthesized by two-step annealing of cyanide-bridged coordination polymer precursors.
{VMo9O31[RC(CH2O)3]}6−: the first class of triol ligand covalently-decorated Keggin-type polyoxomolybdates
Authors: Qu Di , Liu Xiaoting , Duan Fengxue , Xue Rong , Li Bao , Wu Lixin
Published: August 2020

The first class of triol-ligand covalently-decorated Keggin-type polyoxomolybdates through C–O–Mo bonds were obtained and characterized.
Genotoxic and immunomodulatory effects in human white blood cells after ex vivo exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics
Authors: Ballesteros Sandra , Domenech Josefa , Barguilla Irene , Cortés Constanza , Marcos Ricard , Hernández Alba
Published: August 2020

Accumulation of plastic and its derivatives, micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), is a substantial environmental and ecological problem that could potentially become a serious health concern to humans.
The biomolecule corona of lipid nanoparticles contains circulating cell-free DNA
Authors: Gardner Lois , Warrington Jessica , Rogan Jane , Rothwell Dominic G. , Brady Ged , Dive Caroline , Kostarelos Kostas , Hadjidemetriou Marilena
Published: August 2020

The biomolecule corona spontaneously adsorbed onto lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs), upon incubation with human plasma, contains circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
Influence of Dy3+ co-doping on the luminescence properties of bluish-green Ba1−0.5ySr1−0.5yAl2SiO7:yEu2+ phosphors
Authors: Deshmukh Abdul Hakeem , Afzal Amir Muhammad , Syed Asad , Wen Hongli , Suchocki Andrzej
Published: August 2020

The emission intensity of Ba0.985Sr0.985Al2SiO7:0.03Eu2+ is enhanced due to the incorporation of Dy3+. The emission intensity of Ba0.975Sr0.975Al2SiO7:0.03Eu2+, 0.02Dy3+ was about 350% that of the Ba0.985Sr0.985Al2SiO7:0.03Eu2+ phosphor.
Identification of morpholine based hydroxylamine analogues: selective inhibitors of MARK4/Par-1d causing cancer cell death through apoptosis
Authors: Peerzada Mudasir Nabi , Khan Parvez , Khan Nashrah Sharif , Gaur Aysha , Avecilla Fernando , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Azam Amir
Published: August 2020

Interaction of compound32with various active site residues of MARK4.
Modulating the structural topologies and magnetic relaxation behaviour of the Mn–Dy compounds by using different auxiliary organic ligands
Authors: Wang Hui-Sheng , Chen Yong , Hu Zhao-Bo , Zhang Ke , Zhang Zaichao , Song You , Pan Zhi-Quan
Published: August 2020

A MnIII4DyIII complex and a one-dimensional chain containing MnIII2DyIII units have been obtained by using different combinations of organic ligands, and a slow magnetic relaxation behavior was observed for both complexes.
Carbon nanostructures as a scaffold for human embryonic stem cell differentiation toward photoreceptor precursors
Authors: Chemla Yoav , Avraham Efrat Shawat , Markus Amos , Teblum Eti , Slotky Aviad , Kostikov Yulia , Farah Nairouz , Telkhozhayeva Madina , Shoval Irit , Nessim Gilbert Daniel , Mandel Yossi
Published: August 2020

Carbon nanomaterials have been introduced as a scaffold for various biological applications due to their unique physical and electrical properties.
Methanol-derived high-performance Na3V2(PO4)3/C: from kilogram-scale synthesis to pouch cell safety detection
Authors: Pi Yuqiang , Gan Zhiwei , Li Zheng , Ruan Yushan , Pei Cunyuan , Yu Hui , Han Kang , Ge Yaowen , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2020

The sodium-ion pouch cells with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode and hard carbon anode exhibited excellent power capability with a long lifespan.
Selective construction of alkaloid scaffolds by alcohol-based direct and mild aerobic oxidative Pictet–Spengler reactions
Authors: Liu Haicheng , Han Feng , Li Huan , Liu Jianping , Xu Qing
Published: August 2020

Tetrahydro-β-carboline and β-carboline alkaloid scaffolds can be selectively obtained by direct aerobic oxidative Pictet–Spengler reactions of tryptamines with alcohols using TBN/TEMPO as the catalysts and oxygen as the oxidant under mild conditions.
Access to 5H-benzo[a]carbazol-6-ols and benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]indol-6-ols via rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation/carbenoid insertion/aldol-type cyclization
Authors: Yuan Yumeng , Guo Xiemin , Zhang Xiaofeng , Li Buhong , Huang Qiufeng
Published: August 2020

The rhodium-catalyzed mono-ortho C–H activation/carbenoid insertion/aldol-type cyclization of 3-aldehyde-2-phenyl-1H-indoles with diazo compounds has been developed.
Enantioselective organocatalytic Michael reactions using chiral (R,R)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine-derived thioureas
Authors: Shim Jae Ho , Lee Min Ji , Lee Min Ho , Kim Byeong-Seon , Ha Deok-Chan
Published: August 2020

Although the Michael addition is a very well-known and widely applied reaction, cost-effective, metal-free, and readily prepared organic catalysts remain rare.
Full crystal structure, hydrogen bonding and spectroscopic, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of mineral uranopilite
Authors: Colmenero Francisco , Plášil Jakub , Timón Vicente , Čejka Jiří
Published: August 2020

The determination of the full crystal structure of the uranyl sulfate mineral uranopilite, including the positions of the H atoms in the corresponding unit cell, has not been feasible to date due to the poor quality of its X-ray diffraction pattern.
The C2N surface as a highly selective sensor for the detection of nitrogen iodide from a mixture of NX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) explosives
Authors: Yar Muhammad , Hashmi Muhammad Ali , Ayub Khurshid
Published: August 2020

Explosives are quite toxic and destructive; therefore, it is necessary to not only detect them but also remove them.
Spinel ferrite (AFe2O4)-based heterostructured designs for lithium-ion battery, environmental monitoring, and biomedical applications
Authors: Pham Tuyet Nhung , Huy Tran Quang , Le Anh-Tuan
Published: August 2020

We have summarized recent developments in SFN-based hybrid designs. The additional interactions, combination effects, and important changes have been analyzed and assessed for LIB, environmental monitoring, and biomedical applications.
Tailored design of p-phenylenediamine functionalized graphene decorated with cobalt ferrite for microwave absorption
Authors: Ma Tao , Cui Yu , Liu Li , Luan Hao , Ge Jianwen , Ju Pengfei , Meng Fandi , Wang Fuhui
Published: August 2020

A hierarchical porous PG/CoFe2O4 composite was designed with excellent microwave absorption performance.
Solution-phase molecular recognition of an azafullerene-quinoline dyad by a face-to-face porphyrin-dimer tweezer
Authors: Stergiou Anastasios , Andreopoulou Aikaterini K. , Kallitsis Joannis K. , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: August 2020

Azafullerene C59N was modified by a pentafluoroquinoline (FQ) derivative, the amphoteric quinoline domain was utilized for the molecular recognition of C59N-FQ by a porphyrin-dimer (H2P)2 and host–guest interactions in (H2P)2/C59N-FQ were assessed.
The use of supercritical water for the catalyst-free oxidation of coarse aluminum for hydrogen production
Authors: Trowell Keena A. , Goroshin Sam , Frost David L. , Bergthorson Jeffrey M.
Published: August 2020

Supercritical water is used to oxidize aluminum scrap and 3 mm aluminum slugs without employing catalysts, milling or specialized alloys.
Large thermoelectric power variations in epitaxial thin films of layered perovskite GdBaCo2O5.5±δ with a different preferred orientation and strain
Authors: Chatterjee Arindom , Chavez-Angel Emigdio , Ballesteros Belén , Caicedo José Manuel , Padilla-Pantoja Jessica , Leborán Victor , Sotomayor Torres Clivia M. , Rivadulla Francisco , Santiso José
Published: August 2020

Oxygen stoichiometry in epitaxial GdBaCo2O5.5±δ films accommodates the strain, which substantially affects thermoelectric properties, bringing the material from p-type (tensile strain c⊥-oriented on STO) to n-type thermopower (compressive b⊥ on LAO).
Visible-light-driven photocatalytic selective organic oxidation reactions
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhang Suyuan , Li Peixian , Gao Shuiying , Cao Rong
Published: August 2020

In this review, we focus on the most recent advances made in visible-light-driven selective organic oxidation transformations and highlighted their reaction mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the future development trends, challenges, and prospective outlook in detail.
Ultrathin double-shell nanotubes of narrow band gap titanium oxide@carbon as efficient polysulfide inhibitors towards advanced lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Yao Weiqi , Zheng Weizhong , Han Kun , Xiao Shengxiong
Published: August 2020

“Double-shell” nanotubes of oxygen vacancy titanium oxide embedded nitrogen-doped carbon (OV-TiO2−x@NC) are designed as a robust host for Li–S batteries.
Highly efficient sky-blue light-emitting diodes based on Cu-treated halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Fang , Xu Leimeng , Li Yan , Fang Tao , Wang Tiantian , Salerno Marco , Prato Mirko , Song Jizhong
Published: August 2020

Sky-blue LEDs with a maximum EQE of 5.02% and high brightness are obtained with perovskite nanocrystals treated with CuCl2.
Preparation and property manipulation of high efficiency circularly polarized luminescent liquid crystal polypeptides
Authors: Chen Youde , Lu Peng , Yuan Yongjie , Zhang Hailiang
Published: August 2020

A series of novel high efficiency CPL-active side-chain chiral liquid crystal polypeptides were obtained.
Prospects for IXPE and eXTP polarimetric archaeology of the reflection nebulae in the Galactic center
Authors: Di Gesu L. , Ferrazzoli R. , Donnarumma I. , Soffitta P. , Costa E. , Muleri F. , Pesce-Rollins M. , Marin F.
Published: August 2020

The X-ray polarization properties of the reflection nebulae in the Galactic center inform us about the direction of the illuminating source (through the polarization angle) and the cloud position along the line of sight (through the polarization degree). However, the detected polarization degree is expected to be lowered because the polarized emission of the clouds is mixed with the unpolarized diffuse emission that permeates the Galactic center region. In a real observation, also the morphological smearing of the source due to the point spread function and the unpolarized instrumental background contribute in diluting the polarization degree. So far, these effects have never been included in the estimation of the dilution. We evaluate the detectability of the X-ray polarization predicted for the MC2, Bridge-B2, G0.11-0.11, Sgr B2, Sgr C1, Sgr C2, and Sgr C3 molecular clouds with modern X-ray imaging polarimeters such as the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), which is expected to launch in 2021, and the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP), whose launch is scheduled for 2027. We perform realistic simulations of X-ray polarimetric observations considering (with the aid of Chandra maps and spectra) the spatial, spectral, and polarization properties of all the diffuse emission and background components in each region of interest. We find that in the 4.0–8.0 keV band, where the emission of the molecular clouds outshines the other components, the dilution of the polarization degree, including the contribution due to the morphological smearing of the source, ranges between ~19% and ~55%. We conclude that for some distance values reported in the literature, the diluted polarization degree of G0.11-0.11, Sgr B2, Bridge-B2, Bridge-E, Sgr C1, and Sgr C3 may be detectable in a 2 Ms long IXPE observations. With the same exposure time, and considering the whole range of possible distances reported in the literature, the enhanced capabilities of eXTP may allow detecting the 4.0–8.0 keV of all the targets considered here.
Spondylodiszitis
Authors: Pingel Andreas
Published: August 2020

Die Spondylodiszitis bezeichnet eine Infektion der Wirbelsäule, welche zuerst die Wirbelabschlussplatten betrifft („Spondylitis“) und sekundär auf die benachbarte Bandscheibe übergreift 1. Die Spondylodiszitis ist eine potenziell lebensbedrohliche systemische Erkrankung, die einer raschen und nicht selten chirurgischen Behandlung bedarf. Die große Mehrheit der Spondylodiszitiden heilt jedoch unter konservativer Therapie aus.
Reconstruction of the Coracoacromial Ligament during a Modified Latarjet Procedure for the Treatment of Shoulder Instability: Clinical Outcome at Minimum 5 Years Follow-Up
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Hofmann Gunther O. , Best Norman
Published: August 2020

Objective The function of the coracoacromial ligament (CAL) in superior shoulder stability has been well established, and the release of the CAL with the Latarjet procedure leads to increased superior humeral translation. A surgical technique was developed recently to reconstruct the CAL during a modified Latarjet procedure, and the clinical outcome of this technique at medium-term follow-up is yet to be determined.

Methods Twenty-six patients with chronic post-traumatic anterior shoulder instability were included in this retrospective case-control study. Patients in group 1 (n = 12) were surgically treated with the classic congruent-arc Latarjet, where the CAL is sacrificed. In group 2 (n = 14), the CAL was reconstructed using a pectoralis minor fascia flap (PMFF). Primary outcomes were the return to sports activity and functional assessment based on the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) and the Constant Score (CS) at minimum 5 years follow-up. Patientʼs demographics, sport activities, duration of surgery, the rate of recurrent dislocations, and specific complications related to the surgical technique were recorded as secondary variables.

Results There was a decrease of the WOSI in both groups, indicating a decrease of symptoms at follow-up compared to the preoperative level. There was no statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 for the total WOSI as well as for all subscales. There was an increase of the CS in both groups in all four items at follow-up compared to preoperatively, indicating an increase in shoulder function at follow-up. There was a statistically significant difference between groups 1 and 2 for the total CS, as well as for the items power, mobility, and activity, but not for pain. Most patients (n = 20) returned to their preoperative sports activity, 13 at the same level. However, seven patients who used to perform their sports competitively chose to perform their activity at a noncompetitive level after the Latarjet procedure. All were younger than 35 years of age. Six patients did not return to their preoperative sports activity. All except one were over 35
years of age. The duration of surgery ranged from 75 to 125 minutes with a mean ± SD of 94.23 ± 15.06 minutes for both groups with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.117). None of the patients had intra- or postoperative complications related to the surgical procedure. Especially, no patient had recurrent dislocations of the affected shoulder following the Latarjet procedure.

Conclusion The use of a PMFF is a safe technique for reconstruction of the CAL, which does not result in a longer surgery time or higher rate of complications. The reconstruction of the CAL during the modified Latarjet procedure may lead to better functional results in medium-term follow-up.
The Story of Post-exposure Rabies Prophylaxis at the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Celep Gökce
Published: August 2020

Objectives This study aimed to determine the epidemiological and medical features of suspected rabies exposures at a pediatric emergency department in a small city center in middle-northern Turkey.

Methods Data were abstracted from a standard “Rabies Suspected Animal Contact Cases Examination Form.” The following information was recorded: sociodemographic and clinical features of the victim, history of rabies vaccination, date of event, time to hospital administration, animal species and its vaccination history with owner records, type of suspected contact, wound care, tetanus prophylaxis, rabies vaccination, and forensic notifications. Immunoprophylaxis was determined as “appropriate” or “inappropriate” in accordance with the Rabies Field Guideline (2014).

Discussion A total of 306 cases were evaluated at the emergency department of the hospital. The age of the victims ranged between 1.5 and 17 years old, and 61.4% of them were males. Cat scratches were the most common source of suspected rabies exposure. Meanwhile, primary wound care and tetanus immunoprophylaxis were the frequent inappropriate medical applications. Rabies prophylaxis was completed in 76.5% of the cases. However, forensic notifications were missing. In addition, the rate of animal immunization was lower than it should be.

Conclusion Our city is rabies free; however, risky exposures are frequent among children. Lack of knowledge about first aid and animal vaccination is revealed to be a major public health problem. Health care workers should follow current guidelines to provide a holistic approach to the treatment of potential rabies exposures.
Long-Term Surveillance and Life-Time Care for Pediatric Patients Suffering from Hydrocephalus
Authors: Krause Matthias , Merkenschlager Andreas , Mahr Cynthia Vanessa , Bernhard Matthias K. , Kasper Ekkehard M. , Weißer Margit , Wachowiak Robin
Published: August 2020

Even though shunt surgery has been an established and widely accepted treatment for congenital hydrocephalus for five decades, long-term follow-up and functional outcome data are scarce. Based on our experience, we advocate a very rigid follow-up regimen throughout life for every hydrocephalus patient encountered with individual screening intervals not longer than 1 year in childhood and adolescence and surveillance intervals of 2 years in adulthood. A continuous treatment of the patients at the primary institution that performed hydrocephalus surgery provides an optimal setting to be prepared for the detection of adverse events of shunt malfunctioning. However, some patients may still encounter catastrophic events resulting in persistent deficits or death.
Focal Ballismus (Right Arm) in a Boy with Wilson's Disease
Authors: Koul Roshan , Vijay Priti , Khanna Rajeev , Alam Seema
Published: August 2020

Ballismus is defined as rapid, forceful, shaking or throwing involuntary movement of the extremities, mainly proximal parts. When it affects half of the body (upper and lower limbs on one side), it is called hemiballismus. If it affects one limb, it could be labeled as focal or one limb ballismus. Any lesion (vascular, trauma, tumor, deposition, and demyelination) in the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia results in ballismus. A rare entity such as copper deposition in Wilson's disease can manifest as ballismus. In this case report, we described a boy with Wilson's disease with focal ballismus of the right arm.
A Truncating Variant of CHRNG as a Cause of Escobar Syndrome: A Multiple Pterygium Syndrome Subtype
Authors: Sandweiss Alexander J. , Patel Shalinkumar , Bader Mohammad Y. , Kylat Ranjit I.
Published: August 2020

Escobar syndrome is a milder variant of multiple pterygium syndrome characterized by pterygia, scoliosis, and multiple congenital contractures. It is most frequently due to a genetic variant in CHRNG, which encodes the γ-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Though the subunit is considered a “fetal” form and transitions to the “adult” ε-subunit by 33 weeks' gestation, the pathogenic musculoskeletal effects during fetal development render children with this condition permanently affected. We report a neonate with homozygous CHRNG c.117dupC and discuss some of the downstream clinical effects we observed with this variant.
Dorsal Dislocation of the Trapezoid with Metacarpal Instability: A Boxing Injury
Authors: Feder Oren I. , Letzelter Joseph P. , Hacquebord Jacques H.
Published: August 2020

Background The second and third metacarpals are firmly attached, immobile structures which for the stable pillar of the hand. The trapezoid has been described as the keystone of the wrist, allowing a wide range of functional motion as well as inherent anatomic and biomechanical stability to the carpus.

Case Description We describe a novel boxing injury with a 180-degree in situ dislocation of the right trapezoid with concomitant second and third carpometacarpal (CMC) joint dislocations. Open anatomic reduction of the trapezoid was obtained, and subsequent percutaneous pinning of the metacarpals allowed for a full functional recovery and return to sports at 6 months.

Literature Review Combined trapezoid and CMC dislocations are extremely rare and have only been previously described in high-energy mechanism injuries, involving a direct dorsal force such as from the steering wheel in a motor vehicle collision. There are no previous reports of this injury occurring in the setting of direct axial load along the metacarpals in a clenched fist such as in a punch or fighting injury.

Clinical Relevance The rare nature of this combined injury, its novel mechanism, and the difficulty in interpreting acute injury and postreduction radiographs require that the treating physician have a high degree of clinical suspicion for associated injuries when CMC dislocations are identified. Treatment strategies incorporating intraoperative fluoroscopy, open anatomic reduction of the trapezoid under direct visualization along with closed reduction, and pinning of the metacarpals reestablish carpal stability and provide excellent long-term results.
The Role of Visceral Transplantation for Neoplastic Disease
Authors: Fujiki Masato , Nair Amit , D'amico Giuseppe , Osman Mohammed
Published: August 2020

Visceral transplantation has been utilized as the most radical surgical treatment for neoplasms not amenable to conventional resection. The main indications for this procedure include mesenteric desmoid tumors threatening the root of mesentery and metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Published case-series of visceral transplantation for such indications are reviewed in this article. Patients with desmoid tumors associated with familial adenomatous polyposis are transplanted with intestinal or multivisceral allografts. With surgical modification of technique, the native spleen is preserved while duodenopancreatic complex is removed to obviate the risk of malignant transformation of duodenal polyposis after transplantation. Preservation of spleen decreased incidence of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, conferring therapeutic advantage. Patient survival is comparable to that of other indications, and desmoid tumor recurrence has been observed in the recipient tissue but not in the donor allograft. For visceral transplantation of metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, the majority of these patients have diffuse liver involvement, thus requiring full multivisceral transplantation. Post-transplant patient survival is acceptable with limited data available on recurrence. Autotransplantation following ex vivo tumor resection using visceral allografts has been also performed in a limited, select cohort of patients with various pathologies. Adenocarcinomas are associated with a prohibitive recurrence rate following the procedure, and its use for this indication is therefore not recommended. A national database of visceral transplantation undertaken for neoplastic disease should be developed to better understand predictors of outcomes and to help produce and standardize selection criteria.
Asphyxiated Neonates Treated with Hypothermia: Birth Place Matters
Authors: Sabsabi Bayane , Huet Cloe , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Beltempo Marc , Brown Richard , Lodygensky Gregory A. , Piedboeuf Bruno , Wintermark Pia
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to assess whether the hospital level of care where asphyxiated neonates treated with hypothermia were originally born influences their outcome.

Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all asphyxiated neonates treated with hypothermia in a large metropolitan area. Birth hospitals were categorized based on provincially predefined levels of care. Primary outcome was defined as death and/or brain injury on brain magnetic resonance imaging (adverse outcome) and was compared according to the hospital level of care.

Results The overall incidence of asphyxiated neonates treated with hypothermia significantly decreased as hospital level of care increased: 1 per 1,000 live births (109/114,627) in level I units; 0.9 per 1,000 live births (73/84,890) in level II units; and 0.7 per 1,000 live births (51/71,093) in level III units (p < 0.001). The rate of emergent cesarean sections and the initial pH within the first hour of life were significantly lower in level I and level II units compared with level III units (respectively, p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). In a multivariable analysis adjusting for the rates of emergent cesarean sections and initial pH within the first hour of life, being born in level I units was confirmed as an independent predictor of adverse outcome (adjusted odds ratio [OR] level I vs. level III 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.13 [1.02–4.43], p = 0.04) and brain injury (adjusted OR level I vs. level III 95% CI: 2.41 [1.12–5.22], p = 0.02).

Conclusion Asphyxiated neonates born in level I units and transferred for hypothermia treatment were less often born by emergent cesarean sections, had worse pH values within the first hour of life, and had a higher incidence of adverse outcome and brain injury compared with neonates born in level III units. Further work is needed to optimize the initial management of these neonates to improve outcomes, regardless of the location of their hospital of birth.

Key Points
Investigating material modification in a heretofore unexplored laser regime
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2020

Beyond the critical power for self-focusing, ultrashort pulses unexpectedly yield stable bulk modifications in silica, including photonics-relevant densification.
Centrifugal filtration convection in bidisperse media
Authors: Saravanan S , Vigneshwaran S
Published: August 2020

This work is concerned with thermal dispersion through a rotating fissured porous medium. In particular, linear and nonlinear analyses are made to investigate centrifugation driven thermal convection in a bidisperse porous medium. The presence of micro-pores in addition to the usual ones in a porous medium is considered, which allows the possibility of momentum exchange between the two families of pores. The linear analysis is performed through the normal modes, whereas the nonlinear one is based on a suitably defined generalized energy functional. Sharp and unconditional nonlinear L2 stability limits are obtained through the variational principles. Compound matrix method based numerical solutions of the resulting eigenvalue problems are obtained, and the usefulness of nonlinear results is established in most parts of the parameter space. It is found that an increase in momentum exchange delays convection, however, depending on the ratio of permeabilities in the two families of pores.