bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Remarks on the Significance of Gold Based on Byzantine Ekphraseis of Works of Art
Authors: Garnczarska Magdalena
Published: December 2020

The abundance of gilding is considered to be a particularly characteristic feature of Byzantine art. This attribute can be confirmed by even a cursory analysis of works of art. In short, Byzantine artists used gold on a large scale, showing great technical skill. It is therefore quite surprising that this issue has not yet received a separate, comprehensive study. Admittedly, researchers recognize the presence of gold but unfortunately, they almost do not go beyond general observations. On the one hand, they emphasize the primary role of the symbolic meanings of gold, and, on the other, they indicate the high material value of this precious metal. These comments are usually very general and their authors rarely refer to specific primary sources. Their observations, however, speak more about present-day ideas about Byzantine culture than about it itself. The indicated problem is an important and extensive task to be done, hence this paper is only an outline of the most important questions, each of which requires a separate and in-depth study. Therefore, this synthetic article introduces the most basic points associated with the understanding of gold in Byzantium. For this purpose, selected examples of Byzantine texts in which their authors referred to gold in a strictly artistic context are analysed. Thus, the main thesis is as follows: in Byzantine painting, gold, one of the most important devices of artistic expression, was used on a large scale primarily for aesthetic reasons.
The Monastic Diet in the Light of Medical Science. Theodoret of Cyrus and Medics on Dates and Figs
Authors: Kokoszko Maciej , Jagusiak Krzysztof , Dybała Jolanta
Published: December 2020

The aim of this article is to present the menu of early Christian monks in the context of the findings of Greek and Roman medicine in the field of dietetics. It draws from the passages of Historia religiosa by Theodoret of Cyrus about the consumption of dates and figs by Syrian ascetics. Both species of fruit did not comprise the basis of the monks’ limited diet. Figs and dates were treated as additional food by them, which they ate rarely and in small quantities. According to Theodoret, they did so especially when their bodies were weakened, during long and exhausting fasts. According to modern dietetics, this was justified as both figs and dates are calorie- and nutrientrich foods, which consumed even in small amounts can significantly supplement an adult’s daily balance in this regard. The authors of ancient and medical texts stemming from the tradition of Antiquity (Galen, Oribasius, Antimus, Aëtius of Amida, Paul of Aegina and others) also drew attention to the nutritious quality of dates and figs, in addition to numerous others health-promoting properties (especially in the context of the latter species). However, they further noted that excessive consumption of both fruits could lead to some health problems. In the context of these findings, occasional consumption of dates and figs by Syrian ascetics appears justified, as they could provide their weakened bodies with food of high energy value and nutritious content, whose small amount – and, therefore, fitting in the ideal of mortification – would suffice to improve their health condition.
Power and Aristocracy – Transformation and Composition of the Komnenos “Clan” (1081–1200) – A Statistical Approach
Authors: Lachowicz Paweł
Published: December 2020

The fall of imperial authority and the decline of the Byzantine state at the end of the 12th century has its cause not only in foreign policy but also, to a large extent, in the family policy of the Komnenoi emperors. The “clan” system introduced during Alexios I’ reign and continued by his successors, connected the aristocratic elites with the imperial family by blood ties. In the 12th century, the composition of this group, linked by a complicated marriage network, underwent a significant transformation, which could be one of the most important factors of the later crisis. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First: distinguishing two groups of aristocrats within the Komnenos “clan” i.e. “core” Komnenos family and affine families. Second: determining their approximate numer during the 12th century.

Relatively large amount of data about aristocratic elites of that period allows for statistical approach. Written sources and sigillography of the 12th century Byzantium is rich in information about high ranking persons. In addition, the Komnenos era has been thoroughly described in prosopographical works. This allows for counting the number of aristocrats and thus obtaining reliable results. Such an approach is not free from estimation and probability. However, the amount of information is sufficient enough to show the overall trends visible in the composition of the elites associated with the Komnenoi.

The result of this study is a table that shows the tendency of the weakening of the Komnenos family in face of a constantly growing group of affine aristocratic families. This sheds a new light on the progressive collapse of the imperial authority after the death of Manuel I Komnenos, the key role of destructive actions of Andronikos I, and the weakness of the Angelos dynasty.
Genealogy as a Method to Legitimise Rulership in Some Balkan and Scandinavian Sources
Authors: Stankova Vesela
Published: December 2020

This paper will focus on several sources from Scandinavia and the Balkans, and compare the types of genealogies portrayed in them – descent from gods, descent from another kind of supernatural being, descent from a legendary hero. The paper will examine the types of genealogies and the purpose they serve; how and why they were commissioned? Is there a difference in the establishment of the image of the ruler if the latter has descended from gods, legendary heroes, or a specific clan or dynasty? Does Christianity change the tradition of writing genealogies and the stories they retell? Are personal qualities enough to provide legitimate claims?
Textile Prices in Early Byzantine Hagiographic Texts. Three Case Studies
Authors: Milewski Ireneusz
Published: December 2020

This text analyzes three early Byzantine source accounts on clothing prices from the beginning of the 5th to the early 7th centuries in Italy (Rome), Palestine (probably in Jerusalem), and Egypt (Alexandria). The compiled and discussed narrations were compared with other contemporary source reports, which feature analogical figures describing the amount of prices, wages, taxes, and other values or distances. By making a comparative analysis, the author came to the conclusion that these data are recurrent, and, therefore, unreliable. This observation also applies to the clothing prices discussed in the text, which, undoubtedly, should be considered topical.
The Association Between Adolescent Gun Ownership and Gun Carrying and Adulthood Violence and Victimization
Authors: Kelsay James D. , Silver Ian A. , Barnes J. C.
Published: December 2020

Although many studies have highlighted the deleterious outcomes associated with access to firearms, others suggest gun ownership and carrying can have protective effects. This study attempts to adjudicate between these countervailing points and address several important gaps in the literature. To do so, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health were used to assess the long-term associations between gun ownership and gun carrying in late adolescence and violence and violent victimization in early adulthood. Results from propensity score matching analyses suggest gun carrying, but not gun ownership, is associated with a higher risk of experiencing a violent victimization (b = 0.080, 95% CI = .032, .127) and engaging in violence with a weapon (b = 0.885, 95% CI = .392, 1.378). Efforts to curb firearm-related violence should consider focusing on those who carry guns for additional counseling about these risks.
SOCIODEMOGRAFSKI, INTRAPERSONALNI I INTERPERSONALNI KORELATI NEVERSTVA
Authors: Трифуновић Биљана , Шакотић-Курбалија Јелена М. , Дајевић Татјана
Published: December 2020

U cilju utvrđivanja sociodemografskih, intrapersonalnih i interpersonalnih korelata neverstva, ispitan je 521 ispitanik (55.5% muškog pola), starosti između 19 i 68 godina (AS = 33.32, SD = 9.1). Za procenu neverstva primenjena je Skala neverstva (Infidelity Scale: Drigotas, Safstorm & Gentilila, 1999). Od intrapersonalnih varijabli, dimenzije partnerske afektivne vezanosti su ispitane skraćenom skalom ECR (Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory – ECR: Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998; modifikacija Kamenov i Jelić, 2003), a ljubavni stilovi su mereni Skalom ljubavnih stavova (Love Attitudes Scale – LAS: Hendrick,  Hendrick, & Dicke, 1998). U domenu interpersonalnih varijabli, DAS skalom (Dyadic Adjustment Scale – DAS: Spanier, 1976) su ispitane dimenzije kvaliteta partnerskog odnosa, a potencijal za razvod je meren Indeksom bračne nestabilnosti (Martial Instability Index: Booth, Johnson, & Edwards, 1983). Od sociodemografskih varijabli, od ispitanika su prikupljeni podaci o starosti, obrazovanju, radnom, materijalnom i bračnom statusu, dužini partnerskog odnosa i broju dece. Rezultati hijerarhijske višestruke regresione analize pokazuju da je skup intrapersonalnih i interpersonalnih varijabli, statistički značajno povezan sa neverstvom, ali je količina objašnjene varijanse relativno niska. Kao značajni prediktori neverstva izdvojeni su: dimenzija izbegavanja afektivne vezanosti i Ludus stil ljubavi iz domena intrapersonalnih varijabli, a od interpersonalnih varijabli: potencijal za razvod, konsenzus, zadovoljstvo brakom i afektivno-seksualna usaglašenost.
HRAM – MOST – SKULPTURA
Authors: Popović Una
Published: December 2020

Hram, most i skulptura primeri su čijom analizom ćemo u ovom radu razmotriti Hajdegerovo razumevanje prostora, odnosno veze umetnosti i prostora. Analizom karakterističnih mesta iz Hajdegerovih tekstova, na kojima se pojavljuju ovi primeri, potvrdićemo da je promišljanje prostora, u zaokretu od ranih ka poznim radovima, za Hajdegera bitno vezano za umetnost. Sa druge strane, njihovim poređenjem ukazaćemo na dinamiku promene razumevanja odnosa mesta i prostora u poznoj Hajdegerovoj filozofiji. Rezultat analiza predstaviće problem prostora kao jedan od ključnih okvira za razumevanje Hajdegerove filozofije umetnosti, te predložiti tumačenje smisla veze ovih pojmova.
A KÖZÖSSÉGI MÉDIA DISZTÓPIÁJA
Authors: Csányi Erzsébet F. , Beke Ottó
Published: December 2020

A KÖZÖSSÉGI MÉDIA DISZTÓPIÁJA

(DAVE EGGERS: A KÖR)

            Dave Eggers A kör (The Circle, 2013) című regénye a közösségi média disztópiája. A szövegben ábrázolt online-számítógépes környezet által alapszerkezetében meghatározott regényvilágot az online és az offline térre egyaránt vonatkozó megfigyelés és normalizáció, továbbá a személyes adatok gyűjtése jellemzi. A műben a felejtés és a törlés joga senkit semmilyen körülmények között sem illet meg. Az információk felhalmozása, a megfigyelés és az online tér konstitutív szerepe együttesen az internetes látszattevékenység (pszeudoaktivitás) eszkalációját és fokozódását eredményezi, ily módon hozzájárulva a status quo fenntartásához. A regényből 2017-ben készült filmadaptáció, a téma időszerűségét pedig az egyre tömegesebb, penetráns közösségimédia-használat és a megfigyelő kultúra, illetve a kapitalizmus egyaránt kidomborítja.

 

 

Csányi Erzsébet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakutet, Odsek za hungarologiju

Beke Ottó, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Učiteljski fakultet na mađarskom nastavnom jeziku

DISTOPIJA SOCIJALNIH MEDIJA

(DEJV EGERS: KRUG)

Sažetak

Svet romana Krug Dejva Egersa u površinskoj i dubinskoj strukturi podjednako određuju razne onlajn/digitalne platforme kolektivnih medija. U kontekstu u kom vlada informatičko/onlajn okruženje pojavljuju se pitanja posmatranja i kontrole, zaborava/arhiviranja  i pseudoaktivnosti. Važne su mogućnosti Interneta: multimedijalnost, brzina, anonimnost korisnika, uživljavajuća sposobnost korisnika (imerzija, flow-doživljaj), ukidanje jedinstva ličnosti i prisutnosti.  

Egersova antiutopija (kao i Orvelova) međutim funkcioniše kao markantna kritika tehnologije. Sa tom razlikom da kod Orvela primenjivanje diktatorske-totalitarne vladavine omogućuje zaborav, a kod Egersa baš obrnuto, večito (digitalno) sećanje.

U romanu Krug individualni život junaka se degradira, a vrednost kolektivnog postojanja - koje se meri u aktivnosti na Internetu - se podiže. Industrija sreće se gradi na povećanju digitalnog otiska stopala, a isti čin u međuvremenu prouzrokuje pseudoaktivnost, izloženost, eksploataciju čoveka. 

 

Ključne reči: Dejv Egers, Krug, internet, distopija, diktatura
IZAZOVI VODITELJA SLUČAJA U CENTRIMA ZA SOCIJALNI RAD: IMPLIKACIJE ZA OBRAZOVNI SISTEM
Authors: Beljanski Mila , Malčić Borka D.
Published: December 2020

Polazeći od činjenice da prosvetni radnici u školama često nisu upoznati sa načinom rada centra za socijalni rad, u radu su apostrofirana pitanja putem kojih se operacionalizuje fenomen vođenja slučaja u centrima za socijalni rad i analizirana je uloga voditelja slučaja u cilju bolje saradnje socijalnih službi i obrazovnih ustanova. U Srbiji je vođenje slučaja kao metod rada u centrima za socijalni rad zakonski uveden 2008. godine sa ciljem da se obezbede: holistički pristup proceni potreba, snaga i rizika sa kojima se suočavaju dete i njegova porodica, individualni pristup u planiranju usluga i intervencija, uvođenje principa planiranja stalnosti u socijalnu zaštitu, kao i participacija dece i roditelja korisnika usluga. Svrha ovog rada je poznavanje i integracija teorije i prakse vođenja slučaja sa obrazovnim ustanovama, čije su usluge povezane i koje su u direktnoj vezi i saradnji sa radom centara i socijalnih službi. Da bi saradnja bila uspešna obrazovni sistem mora da poznaje način rada, domete i mogućnosti stručnjaka zaposlenih, u organima starateljstva. Jedino na taj način pomoć stručnjaka, u ovom slučaju, voditelja slučaja, može biti potpuna kao i interakcija ova dva sistema. Potvrđena je potreba za uspostavljanjem i negovanjem dijaloga i saradničkih odnosa.
Teachers' Perception on Causes of Organizational Dissent
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Orkun , TİTREK Osman
Published: December 2020

In the study, it was aimed to present the perceptions of the teachers working at public and private schools located in Adapazarı, Serdivan and Erenler districts of Sakarya on causes of organizational dissent. The target population of the research consisted of 6277 teachers. As the sample of the study, 573 teachers who were chosen via stratified sampling method participated in the study. As the data collection tool, “Causes of Dissent”, a subscale of “Organizational Dissent Scale” which was developed by Özdemir (2010), was utilized. In the data analysis, means and standard deviations of the responses to the scale items were calculated. T-test and ANOVA were utilized to demonstrate whether the teachers’ perceptions on causes of organizational dissent showed any significant difference in accordance with different variables. The results of the study indicated that there is no significant difference in the teachers’ percepions on causes of organiational dissent according to gender, age, education level, work experience, marital status, union membership, school size, and managerial experience. On the other hand, it was found out that there is a significant difference in teachers’ perceptions on causes of organizational dissent in accordance with the perceived management style of school administrators.
Act pro-childhood in and from the university in Manicaragua. Pedagogical conception
Authors:   Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. Cuba, Pérez Gómez Mario Rolando , Arteaga González Susana Rufina ,   Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. Cuba, Torres Díaz Noevia ,   Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. Cuba, Sánchez Vigoa Arián ,   Universidad Central Marta Abreu de Las Villas. Cuba
Published: December 2020

The article proposes a pedagogical conception that enhances pro-childhood action in its different contexts of action in Manicaragua. Its construction, in and from the university, fosters transformations in the Cuban educational system in response to vulnerabilities related to family dysfunction, responsible for the occurrence of child abuse. Educational agents, such as teachers who are graduates or in training and outside the educational sector, are trained through the municipal community pedagogical project For a Happy Childhood, the main setting where they get involved in a cooperative way. The spaces for analysis, reflection, exchange, and decision-making that take place there generate a multiplicity of learning about preventive culture and rights, peaceful environments, well-being and satisfaction as an expression of happiness. These postulates of the conception are consistent with the university- society articulation in its relationship with children, families, communities, the role of teaching and the determination of university content.
Ludic practices and art-directed practices: strengthening integrality
Authors:   Universidad de la República. Uruguay, Burgueño Pereyra Natalia , Caldeiro Branda Martín Andrés ,   Universidad de la República. Uruguay, Isach Lauren ,   Universidad de la República. Uruguay
Published: December 2020

This article problematizes the axes of integrality proposed by the University of the Republic (Udelar), taking as a reference the Integrate Training Space Playful Practices and artistic practices: dialogues between the inside and the outside developed in Penitentiary Unit No. 6 from Punta de Rieles. To do this, some central categories such as practice and community are approached in order to tension them at first moment from different conceptual perspectives and at a second moment by making them dialogue with the proposal developed in the Unit.
Structure of young people’s social perceptions of Russia: the problem of identity
Authors: Sashchenko Natalya P.
Published: December 2020

The article examines the relationship between social perceptions of one’s country, national-state (Russian) identity, and the stability of the state. We analyzed the results of empirical studies of social perceptions of young users of social networks with different ideological preferences and socio-political attitudes through the study of a system of images and symbols associated in the minds of youth the notion of “Russia”. The structure of social representations about Russia, the content of the core and peripheral zones, and the emotional assessment of the studied category are revealed.
Sociological research of drug addiction as the most socially dangerous form of deviant deviations of young people
Authors: Georgievskaya Yulia V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the problems of drug addiction as the most socially dangerous form of deviations among young people. The materials related to the regional aspect of this phenomenon are exceedingly significant. The level of awareness of the respondents about the main types of narcotic and psychoactive substances, their attitude to drug use, as well as about the severe consequences and the possibility of their acquisition were identified. The author makes conclusions about the need to form a strategy for the prevention of drug addiction, including the identification of risk groups, crisis situations in the youth environment, as well as the use of measures and acceptable methods to resolve these situations.
Scientific law as a branch of Russian law
Authors: Vasiliev Anton
Published: December 2020

The paper puts forward the thesis that there are preconditions for the formation of scientific law as a branch of Russian law. The author examines approaches to the sectoral nature of the legal norms regulating relations in the field of scientific activity. Special attention is paid to the subject and method of scientific law as classical criteria for the separation of branches of law. The article substantiates the need for a theoretical and methodological substantiation of scientific law, doctrinal understanding of the problems of legal regulation of science in a knowledge society. The successful scientific and technological development of Russia determines the existence of an adequate system of legal regulation of scientific activity.
Méthodologie et pratique des inventaires forestiers tropicaux
Authors: Cailliez Francis , Clément J. , Guinaudeau F.
Published: December 2020

Cet article explique de façon condensée la méthodologie générale utilisée par la C TF T pour réaliser les inventaires des boisassignnecl to il.Après avoir émasculé les objectifs généraux et particuliers de ces inventaires, les aulhors rendent compte de la méthode généraleLes objectifs de l'étude sont les suivants : ils analysent successivement les tâches de photo-interprétation et de cw-tographie dont l'objectifest l'estimation des surfaces en question, suivie du travail de terrain permettant de recueillir des données pour l'estimation des volumes. CeCette dernière estimation se fait en deux étapes distinctes :1. E,tim1.tion des volumes bruts de bois sur pied, résultant de l'application de la table cubique (généralemententrée unique) lo le mzmber des arbres dénombrés dans l'échantillon de l'enquête et classés par catégorie de diameler.2. Estimation des volumes commercialisables, déduits des volumes bruts de bois sur pied au moyen d'un coefficient de commercialisationcalculé sur la base d'une enquête qualitative sur les arbres sur pied et d'une enquête visant à estimer le rendement de chaque calorie de q1zalilyen termes de volume commercial.Les auteurs expliquent également le système de traitement des données, qui est perfo "f'med sur un ordinateur électronique en deux étapes1) Contrôle de la validité des données.2) Compilation et impression des tableaux de résultats.
Developing a mathematical model for managing railway freight traffic in the multimodal transportation system
Authors:   Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University, Shaikina E. A.
Published: December 2020

Objective: To develop a mathematical model of the functioning of the freight traffic subsystem interconnected with the general freight transportation model on the basis of the accepted basic assumptions and conditions, since the main type of interaction of the general system with a particular system (subsystem) is the application of constraints on the particular model parameters imposed by the requirements for the quality of the general model functioning according to the nomenclature, service level, and time characteristics of customer service, which are external to the modeled transportation subsystem. Methods: Analysis, synthesis, abstraction, comparison, and mathematical modeling methods were used. Results: A mathematical model of the functioning of a transportation subsystem has been created, taking into account the necessary restrictions imposed by the Russian Railways general functioning model. The complete package of source data required for the practical implementation of this mathematical model as applied to railway transportation is available in the data stores of the main data processing center of Russian Railways. Existing numerical methods for solving such higher dimensional systems of equations make it possible to obtain a numerical implementation of such a model. The proposed model can serve the purposes of assessing the efficiency of the transportation subsystem, since it makes it possible to assess the mathematical expectations of the numbers of each of this system's states at any given time. Practical importance: The practical result of applying the developed model should be quantitatively substantiated recommendations for solving the main problems of choosing a transportation provider when planning multimodal transportation process, as well as for current and future transportation management under given conditions
Historical and biographical life study of doctor, teacher and scientist Zh. Zh. Rapoport
Authors:   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Vinnik Yu.S. , Prakhin E.I. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research is to analyze life circumstances, activity results and to give a social portrait of Professor Zh. Zh. Rapoport, Doctor of Medical Sciences. For the first time we present information about active longevity and work continuation of a doctor, a teacher and a scientist of Krasnoyarsk Medical Institute, who continues to cooperate with Krasnoyarsk Medical University and Institute of Medical Problems of the North. Material and methods. Historical documents, parents and family memories, information on work after graduation from Odessa Medical Institute, publications about him, memoirs of employees of Pediatrics Department of Krasnoyarsk Medical Institute Studied are studied. Historical and biographical method was used. Results. There are examples of his formation as a doctor, considering his family medical dynasty, achievements during the period of work in Krasnoyarsk Territory. Features of his pedagogical activity and formation of pediatric school are given. Scientific genealogy and its continuation in students are described. The facts of maintaining high level of psychological mood for a long active period of life are presented. Conclusion. It is proposed to use the mentioned experience in professional motivating medical students, improving pedagogical process, in the ability to conduct practically significant scientific research during the period of work and to transfer experience and knowledge after retirement.
Effectiveness and safety of primary percutaneous coronary interventions in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk regional hospital, Litvinyuk N.V. , Matyushin G.V. ,   Prof. V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Protopopov A.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk regional hospital, Samohvalov E.V. ,   Krasnoyarsk regional hospital, Ustyugov S.A. ,   Krasnoyarsk regional hospital
Published: December 2020

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the gold standard of treating patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The results of major clinical trials on ACS patients’ treatment are reflected in modern guidelines, where PPCI is of high evidence level and is superior to conservative therapy in long-term treatment results. Treatment of elderly patients over 75 years old is carried due to modern clinical guidelines, even though few patients of this age group are included in the studies. The increase in population average life expectancy causes the increase in number of elderly ACS patients with comorbid pathology. In its turn, it affects both the choice of treatment tactics and PPCI volume. Therefore, a study of this age group is required. The present review reflects the main clinical studies and analysis of elderly patients’ treatment
Drug-induced atrial fibrillation associated with admission of cardiovascular medications
Authors:   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ostroumova O.D. , Chernyaeva M.S. ,   Central State Medical Academy of the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, Komarova A.G. ,   The Botkin state medical Hospital, Gorbatenkova S.V. ,   Hospital for War Veterans № 2 of the Moscow City Health Department,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Sychev D.A.
Published: December 2020

Admission of certain medications (drugs) can cause the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients having non-evident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Also, it can accelerate the onset of AF in patients with pre-existing CVD. It is important to realize medications as potential cause of AF, especially in elderly people, since aging is associated with comorbidity and use of many medications simultaneously, that can lead to higher incidence of druginduced AF (DI AF). The article provides literature review on medications used to treat CVD, the admission of which can lead to the development of DI AF. Its onset can be associated with the use of cardiotonic, antiarrhythmic and antianginal medications, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, antiplatelet agents and some others with different evidence levels. The frequency, mechanisms of DI AF development and methods for its correction are described.
Gender features of clinical course and outcomes of acute coronary syndrome with segment rise
Authors:   Chita State Medical Academy, Lareva N.V. , Kurupanova A.S. ,   Chita Regional Clinical Hospital
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research is to study clinical, hemodynamic, affective disorders in ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (STEACS); to identify gender risk factors affecting the outcomes. Material and methods. The study included 90 males and 90 females with ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. All patients underwent echocardiography, coronary angiography (CAG), and a set of laboratory examinations. Spielberger test, CES-D scales, Morisky-Green test, and Montreal Cognitive Function Scale were uses to study psycho-emotional status of 75 males and females. The treatment was carried out in accordance with current clinical protocols, clinical guidelines and standards. The prognosis was assessed in a year. The results were processed using nonparametric statistics methods. Results. It was revealed that the females, included in the study, were older than males; they more often suffered from coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, constitutive obesity (before the index event); they more regularly underwent antihypertensive therapy; they more often reached target BP values. There were no differences in features of coronary anatomy, frequency of invasive treatment, but females were significantly more likely to undergo thrombolytic therapy. Males smoked more often; asked for medical help earlier from the onset of anginal syndrome; they were more susceptible to dilatation of the left ventricular cavity. Females more often than males had high and medium level of personal anxiety, as well as high level of situational anxiety. Predictors of worsening prognosis in females are 4-vascular lesion of coronary bed, cardiogenic shock upon admission, decreased hemoglobin, dilatation of the left atrium, decreased cognitive functions, smoking. In males the predictors are: 3-vascular damage, cardiogenic shock, renal failure. Conclusion. It was found that in STEACS there are differences between males and females in several clinical, anatomical and functional characteristics. Risk factors for an unfavorable prognosis are gender specific. The revealed facts can be useful in individualized treatment, rehabilitation and secondary prevention programs.
Oral health profile of the elderly people in the Pandalungan community
Authors: Shita Amandia Dewi Permana , Hamzah Zahreni , Meilawaty Zahara , Indriana Tecky , Handayani Ari Tri Wanodyo , Setyowati Dyah Indartin
Published: December 2020

Background: The Pandalungan community is a unique community established through the assimilation of two dominant cultures: the Javanese and Madurese. Both of these communities created a community with a new culture called the Pandalungan community culture. The people of this community live in coastal, rural and urban areas. Generally, research on the uniqueness in the oral health behaviour of the Pandalungan community has not been conducted since the oral health practices of the Pandalungan community are considered to be the same as that of the Javanese community. Purpose: In order to develop programmes for oral health prevention, this research aims at comparing the oral health profiles of the elderly (classified as per age) living in the rural and urban areas in the Jember Regency. Methods: The research employs a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of the research were selected on the basis of the total number of elderly people who attended the monthly meetings of the Karang Werda (those not willing to participate in the study were excluded). The study was conducted by organising extensive interviews, performing observations and intraoral examinations. Each group was classified into three subgroups on the basis of age: pre-elderly, elderly and high-risk elderly. The intraoral examination conducted included the oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), the number of teeth missing, the depth of the pocket and the number of all functional tooth units (all-FTU). Results: The oral health profile of people in the rural community was poor when compared to the oral health profile of people living in the urban community (by accounting for nearly all the variables in the examination). Conclusion: The oral health profile of the elderly people in the Pandalungan community was poor. Adequate prevention and care are essential to maintain the oral health of people in the Pandalungan community.
Awareness and Attitudes Regarding COVID-19 Among Clinical Dental Technicians in Albayda, Libya
Authors: Yahya Saber E. Mansour  , Nusieba A. Mohammed Ibrahim  , Asmaa Abdulaziz A. Rabee
Published: December 2020

Despite the availability of prevention guidelines and recommendations on infection management, several dental practices lack the basic awareness of requirements for infection control. This study aimed to assess the amount of awareness, perception, and perspective relating to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and infection control among clinical dental technicians. The study population consisted of clinical dental technicians who worked in private clinics, hospitals, and health centers in Albayda, Libya. A questionnaire was sent to a sample of clinical dental technicians in August 2020. The questionnaire comprised of a series of questions about clinical dental technicians including the following: their demographic characteristics, their awareness of the incubation period, the symptoms of the disease, mode of transmission of COVID-19, and infection management measures for preventing COVID-19, and their perspective toward treating patients with COVID-19. This study enclosed a total of 35 clinical dental technicians aged 22–50 years (mean = 29.5 years, SD = 9.8 years). A total of 10 (28.5%) clinical dental technicians had completed a residency program in dentistry, 15 (42.8%) had received training in infection control in dentistry, and 10 (28.5%) had attended training or lectures regarding COVID-19. A total of 5 (14.2%) clinical dental technicians reported that the period of time is 1–14 days. The bulk of clinical dental technicians were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways patients are at risk of getting COVID-19, were able to correctly report best-known modes of transmission, and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in dental clinics. A total of 30 (85.7%) believed that it was necessary to wear masks when within the waiting room and to wash hands before going in the dental chair in order to decrease disease transmission. Clinical denturists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, modes of transmission, and infection controls and measures in dental clinics. However, clinical dental technicians had restricted comprehension of the additional precautional measures that protect the dental staff and other patients from COVID-19.
International Freelance Market: Prospects for Development
Authors: Sautkina V.
Published: December 2020

Digital technologies are used in almost all types of modern activities. As a result, new professions and whole segments emerge on the labor market, structurally forming a certain transnational network. The article attempts to consider the processes of origin and prospects for the further development of the international electronic freelance market, taking into account the social aspects of this phenomenon. The paper uses methods of source analysis and notes the difficulties of statistical observation of processes occurring in real time. On the basis of a specially developed index and sociological survey data, the parameters of the international freelancing market are presented. This allows us to assess the positive trends in the expansion of the virtual employment process, as well as possible risks and problems. The study concludes that at present virtual labor relations, due to their professionalization and institutionalization, are becoming a real employment tool for various categories of workers, and also perform a set of social functions. The most important and promising consequence of the increased use of freelance labor from rural areas is a possible reversal in the trend of increasing urbanization, when the majority of the population is forced to look for work in large cities. The development of the virtual labor market in the future can help overcome barriers to the economic development of subsidized regions. However, real practice shows that due to the lack of labor standards and rights regulating this type of labor relations, especially in the regions of Asia and Africa, workers become heavily dependent on market fluctuations, limiting their access to health care and other social benefits. The search for the optimal model of social protection for freelancers is complicated by the fact that the administration of real incomes employed in this area becomes difficult. According to the author, the problems of providing freelancers with the full range of government guarantees are associated with the solution of many financial problems, which must be overcome by the full legalization of virtual employment.
SH-SY5Y-derived neurons: A Human Neuronal Model System for Investigating TAU Sorting and Neuronal Subtype-Specific TAU Vulnerability
Authors: Bell Michael , Zempel Hans
Published: December 2020

The microtubule-associated protein TAU is sorted into the axon in healthy brain neurons. Somatodendritic missorting of TAU is a pathological hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cause, consequence, and (patho)physiological mechanisms of TAU sorting and missorting are understudied, in part also due to the lack of readily available human neuronal model systems. The human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used for studying TAU physiology and TAU-related pathology in AD and related tauopathies. SH-SY5Y cells can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y-derived neurons) using various substances. This review evaluates whether SH-SY5Y-derived neurons are a suitable model for i) investigating intracellular TAU sorting in general, and ii) with respect to neuron subtype-specific TAU vulnerability. I) SH-SY5Y-derived neurons show pronounced axodendritic polarity, high levels of axonally localized TAU protein, expression of all six major human brain isoforms, and TAU phosphorylation similar to the human brain. As proliferative cells, SH-SY5Y cells are readily accessible for genetic engineering, stable transgene integration and leading-edge genome editing are valuable and promising tools for TAU-related studies. II) Depending on the used differentiation procedure, SH-SY5Y-derived neurons resemble cells of distinct subcortical nuclei, i.e. the Locus coeruleus (LC), Nucleus basalis (NB) and Substantia nigra (SN), all of which early affected in many tauopathies. This allows to analyse neuron-specific TAU isoform expression and intracellular localization, also in the context of vulnerability to TAU pathology. Limitations are e.g. the lack of mimicking age-related tauopathy risk factors and the difficulty to define the exact neuronal subtype of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons. In brief, this review discusses the suitability of SH-SY5Y-derived neurons for investigating TAU (mis)sorting mechanisms and neuron-specific TAU vulnerability in disease paradigms.
Rumor Detection Based on SAGNN: Simplified Aggregation Graph Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Liang , Li Jingqun , Zhou Bin , Jia Yan
Published: December 2020

Identifying fake news on the media has been an important issue. This is especially true considering the wide spread of rumors on the popular social networks such as Twitter. Various kinds of techniques have been proposed for automatic rumor detection. In this work, we study the application of graph neural networks for rumor classification at a lower level, instead of applying existing neural network architectures to detect rumors. The responses to true rumors and false rumors display distinct characteristics. This suggests that it is essential to capture such interactions in an effective manner for a deep learning network to achieve better rumor detection performance. To this end we present a simplified aggregation graph neural network architecture. Experiments on publicly available Twitter datasets demonstrate that the proposed network has performance on a par with or even better than that of state-of-the-art graph convolutional networks, while significantly reducing the computational complexity.
LCA Analysis of the Benefits Deriving from Sustainable Production Practices Applied to Cyclamen and Zonal Geranium
Authors: Bonaguro Jaco Emanuele , Coletto Lucia , Sambo Paolo , Nicoletto Carlo , Zanin Giampaolo
Published: December 2020

Italian floriculture is facing structural changes. Possible options to maintain competitiveness of the involved companies include promotion of added values, from local productions to environmental sustainability. To quantify value and benefits of cleaner production processes and choices, a holistic view is necessary, and could be provided by life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Previous studies on ornamental products generally focused on data from one company or a small sample. The aim of this study was a gate-to-gate life cycle assessment of two ornamental species (Cyclamen persicum Mill. and Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey) using data from a sample of 20 companies belonging to a floriculture district in Treviso, Veneto region. We also assessed the potential benefits for the environmental impact of the selected species of alternative management choices regarding plant protection and reuse of composted waste biomass. Life cycle impact assessment showed the higher impact scores for the zonal geranium, mainly as a consequence of greenhouse heating with fossil fuels. This factor, along with higher uniformity of production practices and technological level of equipment, translated in lower variability observed in comparison with cyclamen production, which shows a wider results range, in particular for eutrophication, acidification and human toxicity potentials. The application of integrated pest management had significant benefits in terms of impact reduction for acidification and human toxicity of cyclamen, while reduced use of mineral nutrients through compost amendment of growing media resulted in a reduced eutrophication potential. The achievable benefits for zonal geranium were not observable because of the dominant contribution of energy inputs.
The Potential Effect of Oral Bacterial Community in Melanophryniscus Admirabilis (Admirable Red-Belly Toads) Conservation
Authors: Mann Michele Bertoni , Prischula Janira , Castro Ícaro Maia Santos de , Severo Juliana Mello , Abadie Michelle , Lima Thayná Mendes De Freitas , Caorsi Valentina Z. , Borges-Martins Márcio , Frazzon Jeverson , Frazzon Ana Paula Guedes
Published: December 2020

Melanophryniscus admirabilis (admirable red-belly toad) is a microendemic and critically endangered species found exclusively along 700 meters of the Forqueta River, in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. One of the greatest concerns regarding the conservation of this species is the extensive use of pesticides in areas near their natural habitat. In recent years, the adaptation and persistence of animal species in impacted environments have been associated with microbiota. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the oral bacterial community of wild M. admirabilis and to address the question of how this community might contribute to toad’s adaptation in the anthropogenic environment and its general metabolic capabilities. In the present study, 11 oral samples collected from wild M. admirabilis were characterized and analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. A total of 181,350 sequences were obtained, resulting in 16 phyla, 34 classes, 39 orders, and 77 families. Proteobacteria dominated (53%) the oral microbiota of toads followed by Firmicutes (18%), Bacteroidetes (17%), and Actinobacteria (5%). No significant differences in microbial community profile from among the samples were reported, suggesting that the dietary restriction may directly influence the bacterial composition. Functional inference of microbiome was performed using PICRUSt2 and important pathways, such as xenobiotic degradation pathways to pesticides and aromatic phenolic compounds were detected, suggesting that the bacterial communities may have important roles in M. admirabilis health and survival in the anthropogenic environment. Overall, our results have important implications for the conservation and management of this microendemic and critically endangered species.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Multi-Layer NI-Based Alloy Cladding Coating on 316l SS Under Different Laser Power
Authors: Shaoxiang Qian , Yongkang Zhang , Yibo Dai , Yuhang Guo
Published: December 2020

Three kinds of Ni based alloy cladding coatings were prepared on 316L stainless steel at different power. The microstructure of the cladding layer was observed and analyzed by XRD, metallographic microscope and SEM. The hardness of the cladding layer was measured, and the wear resistance of the cladding layer was tested by friction instrument. The results show that the effect of laser cladding is good and the cladding layer has a good metallurgical bonding with the substrate. Different microstructures such as dendritic and equiaxed grains can be observed in the cladding layer. With the increase of laser power, more equiaxed and columnar dendrites can be observed. The phase composition of the cladding layer is mainly composed of γ - Ni solid solution and some intermetallic compounds such as Ni3B, Cr5B3 and Ni17Si3. The results of EDS show that there are some differences in the distribution of C and Si between dendrites. The hardness of the cladding layer is about 600 HV0.2, which is about three times of the substrate (~ 200 HV0.2). Through the analysis of the wear morphology, the substrate wear is serious, there are serious shedding, mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear. However, the wear of cladding layer is slight, which is abrasive wear, and there are some grooves on the surface.
The Microbiome and Mosquito Vectorial Capacity: Rich Potential for Discovery and Translation
Authors: Cansado-Utrilla Cintia , Zhao Serena , McCall Philip , Coon Kerri , Hughes Grant
Published: December 2020

Microbiome research has gained considerable interest due to the emerging evidence of its impact on human and animal health. Similar to higher organisms, the gut-associated microbiota of mosquitoes affect host fitness and other phenotypes. It is now well established that microbes can alter pathogen transmission in mosquitoes, either positively or negatively, and avenues are being explored to exploit microbes for vector control. However, less attention has been paid to how microbiota affect phenotypes that impact vectorial capacity. Several mosquito and pathogen components, such as vector density, biting rate, survival, vector competence and pathogen extrinsic incubation period all influence pathogen transmission. Interestingly, the mosquito gut-associated microbes can impact each of these components, and therefore ultimately modulate vectorial capacity. Promisingly, this expands the options available to exploit microbes for vector control by also targeting parameters that affect vectorial capacity. However, there are still many knowledge gaps in the biology of the mosquito – microbe symbiosis that need to be addressed in order to understand these interactions more thoroughly and exploit them efficiently. Here, we review current evidence of the impacts of the microbiome on aspects of vectorial capacity highlighting opportunities for novel vector control strategies and areas where further studies are required.