bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Waves vs. Electric Shocks: A Non-Inferiority Study of Magnetic Seizure Therapy and Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Bellini Helena , Cretaz Eric , Carneiro Adriana Munhoz , da Silva Pedro Henrique Rodrigues , dos Santos Leonardo Afonso , Gallucci-Neto José , Brunoni André Russowsky
Published: July 2023

Treatment-resistant depression (TRD), characterized by the failure to achieve symptomatic remission despite multiple pharmacotherapeutic treatments, poses a significant challenge for clinicians. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective but limited option due to its cognitive side effects. In this context, magnetic seizure therapy (MST) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering comparable antidepressant efficacy with better cognitive outcomes. However, the clinical outcomes and cognitive effects of MST require further investigation. This double-blinded, randomized, non-inferiority study aims to compare the efficacy, tolerability, cognitive adverse effects, and neurophysiological biomarkers of MST with bilateral ECT (BT ECT) in patients with TRD. This study will employ multimodal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and serum neurotrophic markers to gain insight into the neurobiological basis of seizure therapy. Additionally, neurophysiological biomarkers will be evaluated as secondary outcomes to predict the antidepressant and cognitive effects of both techniques. The study design, recruitment methods, ethical considerations, eligibility criteria, interventions, and blinding procedures are described. The expected outcomes will advance the field by offering a potential alternative to ECT with improved cognitive outcomes and a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant therapies.
Statistical Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Resin through Triple-Jetting Technology and Conventional PMMA in Orthodontic Occlusal Splint Manufacturing
Authors: Barbur Ioan , Opris Horia , Crisan Bogdan , Cuc Stanca , Colosi Horatiu Alexandru , Baciut Mihaela , Opris Daiana , Prodan Doina , Moldovan Marioara , Crisan Liana , Dinu Cristian , Baciut Grigore
Published: July 2023

Dental 3D-printing technologies, including stereolithography (SLA), polyjet (triple-jetting technology), and fusion deposition modeling, have revolutionized the field of orthodontic occlusal splint manufacturing. Three-dimensional printing is now currently used in many dental fields, such as restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, implantology, and orthodontics. This study aimed to assess the mechanical properties of 3D-printed materials and compare them with the conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Compression, flexural, and tensile properties were evaluated and compared between PMMA samples (n = 20) created using the “salt and pepper” technique and digitally designed 3D-printed samples (n = 20). The samples were subjected to scanning electron microscope analysis. Statistical analysis revealed that the control material (PMMA) exhibited a significantly higher Young’s modulus of compression and tensile strength (p < 0.05). In the flexural tests, the control samples demonstrated superior load at break results (p < 0.05). However, the 3D-printed samples exhibited significantly higher maximum bending stress at maximum load (MPa) (p < 0.05). Young’s modulus of tensile testing (MPa) was statistically significant higher for the control samples, while the 3D-printed samples demonstrated significantly higher values for elongation at break (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that 3D-printed materials are a promising alternative that can be effectively utilized in clinical practice, potentially replacing traditional heat-cured resin in various applications.
Examining Factors Influencing Cognitive Load of Computer Programmers
Authors: Issever Didem , Catalbas Mehmet Cem , Duran Fecir
Published: July 2023

In this study, the factors influencing the cognitive load of computer programmers during the perception of different code tasks were investigated. The eye movement features of computer programmers were used to provide a significant relationship between the perceptual processes of the sample codes and cognitive load. Thanks to the relationship, the influence of various personal characteristics of programmers on cognitive load was examined. Various personal parameters such as programming experience, age, native language, and programming frequency were used in the study. The study was performed on the Eye Movements in Programming (EMIP) dataset containing 216 programmers with different characteristics. Eye movement information recorded during two different code comprehension tasks was decomposed into sub-information, such as pupil movement speed and diameter change. Rapid changes in eye movement signals were adaptively detected using the z-score peak detection algorithm. Regarding the cognitive load calculations, canonical correlation analysis was used to build a statistically significant and efficient mathematical model connecting the extracted eye movement features and the different parameters of the programmers, and the results were statistically significant. As a result of the analysis, the factors affecting the cognitive load of computer programmers for the related database were converted into percentages, and it was seen that linguistic distance is an essential factor in the cognitive load of programmers and the effect of gender on cognitive load is quite limited.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights from Large-Scale Brain Dynamics Models
Authors: Yang Lan , Lu Jiayu , Li Dandan , Xiang Jie , Yan Ting , Sun Jie , Wang Bin
Published: July 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease, and the condition is difficult to assess. In the past, numerous brain dynamics models have made remarkable contributions to neuroscience and the brain from the microcosmic to the macroscopic scale. Recently, large-scale brain dynamics models have been developed based on dual-driven multimodal neuroimaging data and neurodynamics theory. These models bridge the gap between anatomical structure and functional dynamics and have played an important role in assisting the understanding of the brain mechanism. Large-scale brain dynamics have been widely used to explain how macroscale neuroimaging biomarkers emerge from potential neuronal population level disturbances associated with AD. In this review, we describe this emerging approach to studying AD that utilizes a biophysically large-scale brain dynamics model. In particular, we focus on the application of the model to AD and discuss important directions for the future development and analysis of AD models. This will facilitate the development of virtual brain models in the field of AD diagnosis and treatment and add new opportunities for advancing clinical neuroscience.
The Associations between the Homeostatic and Circadian Sleep Processes and the Neurobehavioral Functioning (NBF) of Individuals with ADHD—A Systematic Review
Authors: Gruber Reut , Gauthier-Gagné Gabrielle , Little Charlotte , Fu Ziqi
Published: July 2023

The objective of the present review was to systematically examine associations between perturbations of the homeostatic or circadian sleep processes and the neurobehavioral functioning (NBF) of individuals with ADHD. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between December 2013 and March 2023. Studies were included if they used objective measures of NBF, used objective or subjective measures of sleep, and focused on individuals with ADHD. Ten studies met these inclusion criteria. Of these, eight studies found perturbations in the interplay between NBF and Process S or Process C, and three studies did not. The quality of the studies was degraded because they failed to address key factors that affect the sleep processes and by the presence of methodological weaknesses. Our review suggests that homeostatic and circadian sleep processes are associated with NBF in individuals with ADHD. However, to confirm the validity of this conclusion, future studies should examine or control for confounders and utilize experimental designs that allow causality to be inferred.
Combination Treatment of Locoregionally Aggressive Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Cranial Base Infiltration
Authors: Bonek Krzysztof , Brożek-Mądry Eliza , Wroński Jakub , Płaza Mateusz , Zielińska Agnieszka , Helon Katarzyna , Wójcik Krzysztof , Wisłowska Małgorzata
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To present a personalized approach in three cases of treatment-resistant, locoregionally aggressive forms of cANCA-positive granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and skull base involvement. Methods: Three patients with GPA and skull base involvement were described alongside a critical review of the current literature. Results: All presented patients suffered from GPA with an inflammatory tumor at the skull base, alongside cerebellopontine angle involvement, cranial nerve palsies, cerebellar disorders, concomitant hearing loss, and severe otalgia. Symptoms were associated with progressive granulomatous destruction of the temporal bone, laryngopharynx, and central nervous system infiltration. Treatment with cyclophosphamide and high doses of glucocorticoid steroids were ineffective but subsequent therapy with rituximab was successful in the presented cases. The literature review showed that the course of the disease with skull base involvement is associated with poorer clinical and radiological responses to standard pharmacotherapies. Conclusion: Granulomatous inflammation localized in the skull base is associated with a more aggressive disease progression and is less likely to respond to pharmacotherapy. Standard induction therapy with cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid steroids may be ineffective. A better response may be achieved by using rituximab and concomitant local treatment with glucocorticoid steroid injections.
The Relationship between Retained Primitive Reflexes and Hemispheric Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Melillo Robert , Leisman Gerry , Machado Calixto , Machado-Ferrer Yanin , Chinchilla-Acosta Mauricio , Melillo Ty , Carmeli Eli
Published: July 2023

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be identified by a general tendency toward a reduction in the expression of low-band, widely dispersed integrative activities, which is made up for by an increase in localized, high-frequency, regionally dispersed activity. The study assessed ASD children and adults all possessing retained primitive reflexes (RPRs) compared with a control group that did not attempt to reduce or remove those RPRs and then examined the effects on qEEG and brain network connectivity. Methods: Analysis of qEEG spectral and functional connectivity was performed, to identify associations with the presence or absence of retained primitive reflexes (RPRs), before and after an intervention based on TENS unilateral stimulation. Results: The results point to abnormal lateralization in ASD, including long-range underconnectivity, a greater left-over-right qEEG functional connectivity ratio, and short-range overconnectivity in ASD. Conclusion:. Clinical improvement and the absence of RPRs may be linked to variations in qEEG frequency bands and more optimized brain networks, resulting in more developmentally appropriate long-range connectivity links, primarily in the right hemisphere.
Artificial Intelligence Frameworks to Detect and Investigate the Pathophysiology of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS)
Authors: Ong Joshua , Waisberg Ethan , Masalkhi Mouayad , Kamran Sharif Amit , Lowry Kemper , Sarker Prithul , Zaman Nasif , Paladugu Phani , Tavakkoli Alireza , Lee Andrew G.
Published: July 2023

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is a unique phenomenon that has been observed in astronauts who have undergone long-duration spaceflight (LDSF). The syndrome is characterized by distinct imaging and clinical findings including optic disc edema, hyperopic refractive shift, posterior globe flattening, and choroidal folds. SANS serves a large barrier to planetary spaceflight such as a mission to Mars and has been noted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a high risk based on its likelihood to occur and its severity to human health and mission performance. While it is a large barrier to future spaceflight, the underlying etiology of SANS is not well understood. Current ophthalmic imaging onboard the International Space Station (ISS) has provided further insights into SANS. However, the spaceflight environment presents with unique challenges and limitations to further understand this microgravity-induced phenomenon. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the field of imaging in ophthalmology, particularly in detection and monitoring. In this manuscript, we describe the current hypothesized pathophysiology of SANS and the medical diagnostic limitations during spaceflight to further understand its pathogenesis. We then introduce and describe various AI frameworks that can be applied to ophthalmic imaging onboard the ISS to further understand SANS including supervised/unsupervised learning, generative adversarial networks, and transfer learning. We conclude by describing current research in this area to further understand SANS with the goal of enabling deeper insights into SANS and safer spaceflight for future missions.
Comparison of Active Bone Conduction Hearing Implant Systems in Unilateral and Bilateral Conductive or Mixed Hearing Loss
Authors: Canale Andrea , Urbanelli Anastasia , Gragnano Maria , Bordino Valerio , Albera Andrea
Published: July 2023

Background: To assess and compare binaural benefits and subjective satisfaction of active bone conduction implant (BCI) in patients with bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss fitted with bilateral BCI and patients with monaural conductive hearing loss fitted with monaural BCI. Methods: ITA Matrix test was performed both on patients affected by bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss fitted with monaural bone conduction hearing implant (Bonebridge, Med-El) before and after implantation of contralateral bone conduction hearing implant and on patients with monaural conductive or mixed hearing loss before and after implantation of monaural BCI. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) questionnaire was administered to both groups of subjects and the results were compared with each other. Results: Patients of group 1 reported a difference of 4.66 dB in the summation setting compared to 0.79 dB of group 2 (p < 0.05). In the squelch setting, group 1 showed a difference of 2.42 dB compared to 1.53 dB of group 2 (p = 0.85). In the head shadow setting, patients of group 1 reported a difference of 7.5 dB, compared to 4.61 dB of group 2 (p = 0.34). As for the APHAB questionnaire, group 1 reported a mean global score difference of 11.10% while group 2 showed a difference of −4.00%. Conclusions: Bilateral BCI in patients affected by bilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss might show more advantages in terms of sound localisation, speech perception in noise and subjective satisfaction if compared to unilateral BCI fitting in patients affected by unilateral conductive hearing impairment. This may be explained by the different individual transcranial attenuation of each subject, which might lead to different outcomes in terms of binaural hearing achievement. On the other hand, patients with unilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss fitted with monaural BCI achieved good results in terms of binaural hearing and for this reason, there is no absolute contraindication to implantation in those patients.
What Motivates Chinese Mothers’ Involvement in Adolescents’ Learning? Longitudinal Investigation on the Role of Mothers’ Expectations of Adolescents’ Family Obligations and Adolescents’ Academic Performance
Authors: Shi Zeyi , Yang Beiming , Chen Bin-Bin , Chen Xiaochen , Qu Yang
Published: July 2023

(1) Background: Parental involvement in adolescents’ learning generally benefits adolescents’ development, thus highlighting the importance of investigating why parents involve. Specifically, Chinese parents are highly involved in adolescents’ learning, which may be explained by their cultural beliefs. This longitudinal study provided a novel cultural understanding of the antecedents of Chinese mothers’ involvement in adolescents’ learning by examining the predicting effect of their expectations of adolescents’ family obligations over time, with attention to how adolescents’ academic performance moderated such effect. (2) Methods: Chinese mothers (N = 450; Mage = 39.52 years, SD = 3.96) of middle-school adolescents reported on their expectations of adolescents’ family obligations at Wave 1 and their involvement in adolescents’ learning twice over six months. Adolescents’ academic performance (i.e., grade) was obtained from teachers. (3) Results: Chinese mothers who had greater expectations of adolescents’ family obligations were involved more in adolescents’ learning over time. Moreover, adolescents’ academic performance moderated this longitudinal association, such that mothers’ expectations only predicted their greater involvement among adolescents with high, but not low, academic performance. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the cultural understanding of parents’ beliefs that motivate their involvement in adolescents’ learning in a non-Western society, as well as the moderating role of adolescents’ characteristics.
Key Themes of Build-to-Rent: Developing a Conceptual Framework for Achieving Successful Developments through a Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Carvalho Rafaella , Liu Tingting , Zhang Fan , Yu Rongrong , Oh Erwin
Published: July 2023

There is currently a pressing need for rental housing to be built and the Build-to-Rent (BTR) market is growing to address such housing demands. Existing research focuses on the financial and planning aspects of existing BTR markets. However, more research is needed to clarify the responsibilities and strategies of key stakeholders to achieve success in BTR developments. Moreover, as an emerging topic, identifying the key themes of research and future directions may be beneficial for the body of knowledge. This study critically analyses the existing research published on BTR and aims to identify their key themes and recommend strategies, via a conceptual framework, for achieving success in BTR developments. Systematic literature review methodology was employed to identify recent publications on the topic of BTR, utilising the databases Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 58 research publications from 2013 to 2023 were identified. Using Leximancer software, the identified literature was systematically and thematically analysed. The analysis identified four themes: (1) stakeholders’ influences on the uptake of the BTR model; (2) BTR as a viable model for addressing soaring rental housing demand; (3) tenant-oriented BTR development; and (4) design and construction management of BTR. This research combines these themes into a conceptual framework, provides useful recommendations to facilitate the implementation of BTR developments, and identifies future research directions for this topic.
Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolana Impacts on Sustainable Concrete Permeability and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed O. , Aburumman Mervat O. , Al Diseet Malak M. Al , Taha Ramzi , Abdel-Jaber Mu’tasim , Senouci Ahmed , Taqa Ala Abu
Published: July 2023

This paper studied the effect of fly ash (FA) and natural pozzolana (NP) as partial cement substitutes on sustainable concrete permeability and mechanical and microstructural properties. Batches with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% FA and NP replacements for cement were prepared and tested for compressive strength after 7, 28, and 56 curing days and for flexural strength after 28 curing days. Permeability testing was conducted on all samples. A qualitative microstructural analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The mechanical properties results showed slight strength improvements when replacing the cement with low percentages of the pozzolanic materials. The compressive strengths of the batches with 10% FA and NP replacements of cement showed compressive strength increases of 11.63 and 8.75%, respectively, compared to that of plain concrete. On the other hand, the flexural strength for the batches with FA replacement of cement achieved at least a 15.6% increase compared to that of the control. Moreover, FA and NP replacement of cement had a positive impact on batch permeability, with decreased permeability values reaching 78.3 and 56.5%, respectively, compared to that of the control. Furthermore, the microstructural analysis indicated that adding FA and NP would enhance cement hydration by the formation of dense hydration products such as calcium–silicate–hydrate (C-S-H) crystals, which increased hardened concrete strength. Finally, the cost analysis showed that the batch with a 10% FA replacement of cement is the ideal one in this study.
The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method
Authors: Kurtenoks Viktors , Kurajevs Aleksis , Buka-Vaivade Karina , Serdjuks Dmitrijs , Lapkovskis Vjaceslavs , Mironovs Viktors , Podkoritovs Andrejs , Vilnitis Martins
Published: July 2023

With the growing popularity of timber structures, the requirement for reliable and non-destructive methods to assess the quality and condition of structural joints becomes increasingly essential. A novel coaxial correlations method is investigated to assess the degradation of panel-to-panel moment joints in timber structures. The method involves analysing the response data obtained from accelerometers placed on both sides of the joint and comparing the readings to evaluate the joint’s condition. A specific joint solution to simulate the degradation of the moment joint in laboratory conditions is selected based on its simplicity and the ease with which its degradation can be simulated. The joint consists of angle brackets joined with timber screws and bolts to plywood panels. Gradually unscrewing the timber screws reduces the joint’s stiffness to simulate wear and tear over time. The experimental setup includes static loading and finite element modelling (FEM) to determine the rotational stiffness of the investigated joint at each degradation level. A dynamic experiment using vibration loading with sweep signal in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 2000 Hz is conducted to assess the quality of the joint. The conducted research provides valuable insights into the behaviour of timber panel-to-panel connections. The findings highlight the relationship between joint stiffness, vertical displacements, and the proposed dimensionless parameter, volume root mean square value (RMSvol), which offers a more comprehensive assessment of the joint’s condition in three spatial directions. As a result of the research, it has been established that, in the case of linear-type connections, unlike point-type joints, there is a possibility of signal scattering, so it is recommended that power comparisons and evaluations of the response signals from both accelerometers at the initial stage of applying the coaxial correlations method are performed.
Relationship between the Intermediate Soil State and Settlement Control Measures during Tunnel Construction Undercrossing the Existing Station
Authors: Wu Shengzhi , Zhang Xueyu , Li Xiudong , Chen Jian , Liang Erbin , Wu Dun
Published: July 2023

Settlement control of existing stations has consistently been a key issue in tunnel construction. Intermediate soil has a significant influence on the settlement of the existing station as a connector between the new tunnel and the existing station which should be considered when selecting settlement control measures. To clarify the relationship between the state of the intermediate soil and the settlement and control measures of the existing station, this study investigated 49 new tunnel projects under existing stations and elucidated the relationship between the settlement and the settlement control measures of the existing station and the intermediate soil. The relationship between the failure of the intermediate soil and the settlement of the existing station was further analyzed by numerical simulation. Lastly, a simple mechanical model of intermediate soil failure was constructed to determine the stress state of the intermediate soil in constructing a tunnel under the existing station to guide the formulation of settlement control measures for the existing station. Hence, when the intermediate soil is completely destroyed, active control measures, such as jack or grouting lifting, should be implemented; when the intermediate soil is partially damaged, passive control measures should be undertaken. Thus, this study can provide a reference for settlement control of tunnels under existing stations.
Compressive Strength Prediction of BFRC Based on a Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Model
Authors: Zheng Jiayan , Yao Tianchen , Yue Jianhong , Wang Minghui , Xia Shuangchen
Published: July 2023

Basalt fiber-reinforced concrete (BFRC) represents a form of high-performance concrete. In structural design, a 28-day resting period is required to achieve compressive strength. This study extended an extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBoost) hybrid model by incorporating genetic algorithm (GA) optimization, named GA-XGBoost, for the projection of compressive strength (CS) on BFRC. GA optimization may reduce many debugging efforts and provide optimal parameter combinations for machine learning (ML) algorithms. The XGBoost is a powerful integrated learning algorithm with efficient, accurate, and scalable features. First, we created and provided a common dataset using test data on BFRC strength from the literature. We segmented and scaled this dataset to enhance the robustness of the ML model. Second, to better predict and evaluate the CS of BFRC, we simultaneously used five other regression models: XGBoost, random forest (RF), gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT) regressor, AdaBoost, and support vector regression (SVR). The analysis results of test sets indicated that the correlation coefficient and mean absolute error were 0.9483 and 2.0564, respectively, when using the GA-XGBoost model. The GA-XGBoost model demonstrated superior performance, while the AdaBoost model exhibited the poorest performance. In addition, we verified the accuracy and feasibility of the GA-XGBoost model through SHAP analysis. The findings indicated that the water–binder ratio (W/B), fine aggregate (FA), and water–cement ratio (W/C) in BFRC were the variables that had the greatest effect on CS, while silica fume (SF) had the least effect on CS. The results demonstrated that GA-XGBoost exhibits exceptional accuracy in predicting the CS of BFRC, which offers a valuable reference for the engineering domain.
A Methodology for Designing an Automated System to Improve the Thermal Performance of a Large Building in Operation
Authors: Montalbán Pozas Beatriz , Lucas Bonilla Marta , Serrano Candela Francisco , Bustos García de Castro Pablo
Published: July 2023

Many buildings built before energy performance regulations are actually in a situation of thermal discomfort and energy inefficiency. The creation of intelligent environments is moving towards new opportunities, based on real-time monitoring and on the development of sensors and technologies. Furthermore, building automation and electronic systems standards enable interoperability and interconnection between control devices and systems. The application of soft computing has significantly improved the energy efficiency; however, it requires prior assessment to design the automation functions. Temperature, humidity, air quality and energy consumption are the most commonly measured parameters, but their relationships with other operational variables such as occupancy or some building states remain as a research challenge. This article presents a methodology to develop the automation of a large existing public building. This methodology consists of two stages: 1. Assessment and diagnosis to set appropriate functions, using EN ISO 52120-1 and EN 50090 for open communication networks, and EN ISO 52120-1 to assign the technical building management. 2. System control deployment of low-cost and low-consumption input and output devices. It has been proven that it is possible to effectively automate an obsolete building with a low-cost, open-source system that can be easily applied to other buildings.
Economical Design Comparison of Large-Span Composite Floor Systems with I Beams and Corrugated Web Beams
Authors: Wu Yifan , Pan Wenhao , Luo Yaozhi
Published: July 2023

A comparative study of composite floor systems with I-beams and corrugated web beams is performed based on non-linear programming (NLP) algorithm. The optimization is conducted to find the most economical design with minimum steel consumption considering variables associated with the cross-sectional dimensions and multiple constraints from standards, specifications and engineering practices. Various parameters of live loads ranging from 2 to 10 kN/m2 and spans ranging from 20 to 100 m are considered. The optimization results reveal that composite floors with corrugated web beams have reasonable and economical cross-sections with less steel consumption, owing to the high performance of the corrugated web in shear resistance and stability. Further comparative studies show that composite floors with corrugated web beams are economically competitive for spans larger than 30 m with a steel saving of 20–60%, and composite floors with welded I-beams can be applicable for spans less than 30 m considering the simpler configuration and construction. In addition, a spatially structured cable-supported steel–concrete composite floor system is proposed and recommended for super-large-span floor structures considering the cost-effectiveness of the analyzed floor systems reduces as the span further increases.
The Effect of ECC Materials on Seismic Performance of Beam—Column Subassemblies with Slabs
Authors: Lu Tingting , Guan Kai , Pan Jiaojiao , Liang Xingwen
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this investigation was to study the influence of an Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) on the seismic performances of beam–column–slab subassemblies. Tests and simulations were conducted on several models. The bearing capacity of the ECC model was 15% higher than that of the RC member, the deformability increased by 19%, and the energy dissipation capability increased by 34%. The use of an ECC in the slab could reduce the contribution of the reinforced bars in the slab to the flexural strength of the beam. At a drift of 2%, the range of the yielding bars in the slab of the RC models was 5h to 6h. However, the yield range of reinforcement in the slab of the ECC models was nearly 3h. As a result, the ECC subassemblies were prone to reach a “strong column and weak beam” yield mechanism.
Deformation Analysis and Reinforcement Effect of Tunnel Pile Excavation of a Subway Station in a Weak Stratum
Authors: Lv Jianbing , Lu Jianjun , Huang Jingkai , Huang Juan , Li Jia , Ge Xiangyang
Published: July 2023

The underground hole pile excavation method causes a large vertical displacement in a weak stratum, which affects the safety of structures. For the first time, the hole pile excavation method is being used to construct a subway station in South China, and the settlement law of the area is not clear. It is important to clarify the deformation law of the hole pile excavation method in weak strata and the effect achieved by appropriate reinforcement measures. In this paper, by establishing a three-dimensional finite element model of the structure–soil contact element and combining it with the field monitoring data, the law of surface settlement caused by the hole pile excavation method with different thicknesses of the weak stratum has been studied. In order to improve the stability of the surrounding rock and reduce the vertical deformation of the surface, the Metro Jet System (MJS) is used to form inclined piles in the area of large surface deformation, and the effect after reinforcement was evaluated. The results show that as the weak layer thickness ratio increases, the surface settlement also increases. In the case of no reinforcement, a vertical settlement of 116 mm can be achieved when the thickness of the weak layer is 14 m. The vault of the tunnel is in the weak layer and the deformation is obvious. When the vault is not in the weak layer, the settlement is obviously reduced. After MJS pile reinforcement, under the action of soil extrusion, the self-stability of the surrounding rock is strengthened, and the oblique jet grouted pile forms a stable ‘triangle’. The vertical settlement value is basically stable at around 30 mm, which meets the requirements of the regulations. If the tunnel is not reinforced, the self-stability of the surrounding rock above the tunnel arch is poor and the maximum settlement is at the surface. After MJS reinforcement, the maximum settlement is at the vault. The vertical settlement of the ground surface can be effectively controlled by using the MJS pile forming technology in the middle of the tunnel pile driving method.
The Integrated ANN-NPRT-HUB Algorithm for Rail-Transit Networks of Smart Cities: A TOD Case Study in Chengdu
Authors: Amini Pishro Ahad , L’Hostis Alain , Chen Dong , Amini Pishro Mojdeh , Zhang Zhengrui , Li Jun , Zhao Yuandi , Zhang Lili
Published: July 2023

Rail-transit hub classification in TOD refers to the categorization of transit stations based on their level of connectivity and ridership and the potential for development around them as part of a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) strategy. TOD, as an essential concept in developing smart cities and public transportation accessibility, has attracted the focus of many policymakers. To this end, many research projects have been dedicated to classifying the rail-transit stations, although the necessity of integrated models for rail-transit hubs could have been mentioned in previous papers. Therefore, this parametric case study is directed to apply the Node–Place–Ridership–Time (NPRT) model to provide a logical classification model for Chengdu rail-transit hubs at the junctions of high-speed railway and subway stations. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) provided a series of equations, including the effective parameters of the NPRT model. These equations were then verified by the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to provide the effect of each node and place values on the integrated ridership of rail-transit hubs in different time periods. The results proved the consistent contribution of the integrated ANN-NPRT-HUB algorithm to the TOD concept for smart cities.
Assessment of Policy and Legal Frameworks of Urban Green Infrastructure Development: Republic of Guinea
Authors: Keita Kandas , Kourouma Sory
Published: July 2023

Urban green infrastructure has become crucial to sustainable cities’ development because it offers many advantages, including better environmental quality, increased social well-being, and increased economic prosperity. The evaluation and monitoring of the implementation of policies are essential elements of the development of urban green infrastructure because they demonstrate the will of political decision-makers to assess the implementation’s success and adapt it to the observed need. This article sets out existing institutional structures, institutional plans, and institutional policies linked to creating urban green infrastructure in three study cities: Conakry, Kankan, and Dubreka. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and policy analysis. The study used primary data collection methods, including questionnaires and interviews with key informants, to gather first-hand information from decision-makers, planners, managers, and other organizations involved in developing and managing urban green infrastructure at regional and local levels. In addition, this study used primary data collection, facilitating the collection of first-hand information reinforced by questionnaires. A simple random sampling method was also adopted, which improved the selection of a sample of 330 respondents. Most government officials and academics agree that current policies regarding green urban infrastructure have not been implemented. The study has identified several shortcomings in existing political and legal frameworks, in particular the lack of coordination and coherence between the ministries and the government agencies involved, insufficient financial and human resources, the lack of attention, the lack of transparency in the process of developing policies and regulations, the low involvement of the private sector, the need to strengthen technical capacity, and poor urban green infrastructure strategies. These actions are necessary to develop essential policies and procedures that improve the development of green urban infrastructure. In order to overcome these obstacles, efforts must be made to improve coordination and collaboration between stakeholders, strengthen technical capacity, increase public participation, and improve transparency in the process of policies and regulation.
Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Performance of Timber Flat Truss Typologies for Different Strength Classes via Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Moraes Matheus Henrique Morato de , Fraga Iuri Fazolin , Menezes Isabella Silva , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco , Panzera Tulio Hallak , Freire Rodrigo Teixeira Santos , Dias Alfredo Manuel Pereira Geraldes , Santos Herisson Ferreira dos , Faustino Emerson , Pereira Junior Wanderlei Malaquias , Christoforo André Luis
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to compare the mechanical performance of two truss typologies, the modified Fan and Howe trusses, using five different wood species: Cambará-rosa, Cupiúba, Angelim-pedra, Garapa, and Jatobá. The spans considered were 6, 9, 12, and 15 m, and the optimization algorithm used was a swarm intelligence algorithm to minimize the structure weight. The study found that wood is a sustainable and viable option for truss constructions, with different wood species having distinct mechanical properties that must be considered when designing the structure. The Howe truss typology presented lower results for the objective function in comparison with the modified Fan truss. The distribution of normal forces in the truss correlated with the characteristic strength in compression and tensile of the species. The Howe truss typology presented a larger amplitude in relation to the modified Fan truss typology in most of the conditions adopted for the Ultimate Limit State constraints. Constraints associated with deflection in the immediate condition were observed to limit the optimization process. The study used the matrix analysis method to evaluate internal efforts and nodal displacements in the trusses. In summary, this study demonstrates the importance of considering all constraints when dimensioning timber structures and the benefits of using different wood species for sustainable construction.
Decision Support Systems in Architecture—A Future Perspective
Authors: Schubert Gerhard , Bratoev Ivan , Petzold Frank
Published: July 2023

The benefits of design decision support systems (DDSSs) in the architectural planning context have been proven in research and are increasingly used in practice. The sense and purpose are apparent. The weighing of the most diverse ideas and approaches are required for design problems that cannot be solved unambiguously and are characterized by complex, open issues of architectural design tasks, coupled with contradictory criteria. DDSSs support planners/decision-makers with objective information to support the decision-making process with well-founded data and statements. This is becoming increasingly necessary, especially given increasingly complex construction tasks, and thus the difficult-to-predict effects of decisions. Taking this maxim into account, however, also reveals challenges in the planning context, as well as the immense potential and fields of application. Building on these issues, this article presents a perspective for DDSSs. The paper discusses the current focus and advancements of such systems, highlighting the challenges such tools still face, and provides a vision of the perspective future of these systems from reactive systems to proactive assistance.
Selective Removal of Only Clinically Suspicious Positive Lymph Nodes Instead of a Complete Inguino-Femoral Lymph Node Dissection in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva
Authors: Fons Guus , Thuijs Nikki B. , Tjiong Ming , Stalpers Lukas J. A. , van der Velden Jacobus
Published: July 2023

Background. The oncological safety of only removing bulky, positive groin lymph nodes followed by radiotherapy without performing a complete inguino-femoral node dissection (IFL) in squamous cell cancer of the vulva is based on two small studies. The aim of this study was to confirm the oncological safety of this treatment policy. Methods. The survival of consecutive patients with clinically suspicious and pathologically positive groin nodes treated with the selective removal of these nodes followed by radiotherapy was compared with the survival in historical controls matched for the variables extranodal spread and diameter of the metastasis > 15 mm and treated with a complete IFL. Results. There was no difference in disease-specific survival between patients treated with debulking (n = 40) versus complete IFL (n = 37) (43.1% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.336, respectively). Overall, survival and groin recurrence-free survival did not differ between the groups either. Conclusion. This retrospective study in a cohort of women with vulvar cancer corroborates previous smaller studies that have shown that the selective removal of suspicious inguinal nodes yields similar oncological outcomes compared with patients matched for important prognostic variables and treated with a complete IFL when both are followed by radiotherapy.
Integrative Transcriptomic Profiling of the Wilms Tumor
Authors: Avčin Simona Lucija , Črepinšek Klementina , Jenko Bizjan Barbara , Šket Robert , Kovač Jernej , Vrhovšek Blaž , Blazina Jerca , Blatnik Olga , Kordič Robert , Kitanovski Lidija , Jazbec Janez , Debeljak Maruša , Tesovnik Tine
Published: July 2023

Our study aimed to identify relevant transcriptomic biomarkers for the Wilms tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, independent of the histological type and stage. Using next-generation sequencing, we analyzed the miRNA profiles of 74 kidney samples, which were divided into two independent groups: fresh frozen tissue and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Subsequent mRNA expression profiling and pathway analysis were performed to establish the interplay and potential involvement of miRNAs and mRNA in the Wilms tumor. Comparative analysis, irrespective of post-dissection tissue processing, revealed 41 differentially expressed miRNAs, with 27 miRNAs having decreased expression and 14 miRNAs having increased expression in the Wilms tumor tissue compared to healthy kidney tissue. Among global mRNA transcriptomic profile differences, cross-sectional analysis suggested a limited list of genes potentially regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in the Wilms tumor. This study identified the comprehensive miRNA and mRNA profile of the Wilms tumor using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics approach, providing better insights into the pathogenesis of the Wilms tumor. The identified Wilms tumor miRNAs have potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of the Wilms tumor, regardless of histological subtype and disease stage.
Which Patients Do We Need to Test for BRCA1/2 Mutation? Feasibility of Adjuvant Olaparib Treatment in Early Breast Cancer–Real-World Data from Two Large German Breast Centers
Authors: Dannehl Dominik , Engler Tobias , Volmer Léa Louise , Tegeler Christian Martin , Fusshoeller Julia , Gabrysch Emma , Eissler Kenneth , Seller Anna , Grischke Eva-Maria , Hahn Markus , Gruber Ines , Schochter Fabienne , Pfister Kerstin , Veselinovic Kristina , Leinert Elena , Rack Brigitte , Fink Visnja , Janni Wolfgang , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Hartkopf Andreas Daniel , Schäffler Henning
Published: July 2023

Background: Approximately 6% of women with breast cancer carry pathogenic germline variants in predisposition genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Depending on personal and family cancer history, it is therefore recommended to test for hereditary breast cancer. Moreover, as shown by the phase III OlympiA trial, olaparib significantly improves overall survival in patients with HER2 negative (HER2−) early breast cancer who (1) carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation (gBRCA1/2-positive), (2) have received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and (3) are at high clinical risk. The objective of the current analysis was to determine the number of patients with early HER2− breast cancer who are at high clinical risk, according to the inclusion criteria of OlympiA, and to estimate how many of these patients would meet the criteria for hereditary cancer testing in a real-world analysis. Methods: All patients included in this retrospective analysis were treated for early breast cancer (eBC) at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ulm University Hospital, Germany, and the Department of Women’s Health at Tuebingen University Hospital, Germany, between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were identified as high risk, in line with the clinicopathological determiners used in the OlympiA trial. The criteria of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer were used to identify patients who qualify for hereditary cancer testing. Results: Of 2384 eligible patients, 1738 patients (72.9%) showed a hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2− tumor biology, 345 patients (14.5%) displayed HER2+ breast cancer and 301 patients (12.6%) suffered from HR-/HER2− breast cancer (TNBC). Of 2039 HER2− breast cancer patients, 271 patients (13.3%) were at high clinical risk. This cohort encompassed 130 of the 1738 patients with HR+/HER2− breast cancer (7.5%) and 141 of 301 patients with TNBC (46.8%). A total of 121 of 271 patients (44.6%) with high clinical risk met the criteria for hereditary cancer testing (34 of 130 (26.2%) HR+/HER2− patients and 87 of 141 (61.7%) patients with TNBC). Conclusion: Approximately one in ten patients with HR+/HER2−, and half of the patients with TNBC, meet the high-risk criteria according to OlympiA. Half of these patients do not meet the criteria for hereditary cancer testing and should therefore be tested for the presence of gBRCA1/2 mutations, irrespective of their own or family cancer history. The overall number of patients with early breast cancer benefiting from olaparib needs to be investigated in future studies.
Exosome-Mediated Activation of the Prostasin-Matriptase Serine Protease Cascade in B Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Chen Li-Mei , Chai Karl X.
Published: July 2023

Prostasin and matriptase are extracellular membrane serine proteases with opposing effects in solid epithelial tumors. Matriptase is an oncoprotein that promotes tumor initiation and progression, and prostasin is a tumor suppressor that reduces tumor invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have shown that a subgroup of Burkitt lymphoma have high levels of ectopic matriptase expression but no prostasin. Reducing the matriptase level via small interfering RNAs in B lymphoma cells impeded tumor xenograft growth in mice. Here, we report a novel approach to matriptase regulation in B cancer cells by prostasin via exosomes to initiate a prostasin–matriptase protease activation cascade. The activation and shedding of matriptase were monitored by measuring its quantity and trypsin-like serine protease activity in conditioned media. Sustained activation of the protease cascade in the cells was achieved by the stable expression of prostasin. The B cancer cells with prostasin expression presented phenotypes consistent with its tumor suppressor role, such as reduced growth and increased apoptosis. Prostasin exosomes could be developed as an agent to initiate the prostasin–matriptase cascade for treating B lymphoma with further studies in animal models.