bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transaminitis in Dengue: A Retrospective Observational Study in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Revappa Kiran Bada , Narumilli Murthy NL , Rangappa Pradeep , Rao Karthik
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Dengue fever, a frequently encountered arbo viral infection is associated with multiorgan dysfunction in its severe form. The involvement of liver characterised by transiminitis is quite prevalent in such cases admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Aim: To evaluate the occurrence and severity of transaminitis in dengue patients admitted to the ICU. Also to find the association between transaminitis and other severity predictors of dengue (low platelet count, high packed cell volume and organ dysfunction). Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at Columbia Asia Referral Hospital Yeshwanthpur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, from October 2019 and January 2020. Total 80 patients of either sex diagnosed with seropositive dengue were included in the study. The parameters like platelet count, packed cell volume, liver enzymes {Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) and Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase (SGOT)} were recorded and followedup during the ICU stay. Mean with standard deviation were used to represent quantitative variables whereas description of qualitative variables was done with numbers and percentages. The above variables required application of One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), post-hoc Turkey test, Kruskal-Wallis one way ANOVA and Chi-square tests. The differences were considered significant at p-value <0.05. Results: Transaminitis was noted in 96.2% of the total patients. The prevalence of grade 1,2,3,4 transaminitis was 21.2%, 30%, 36.2% and 8%, respectively. Mean platelet counts in grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 transaminitis were 19.41±13.17×103 /μL, 16.04±11.24 ×103 /μL, and 14.14±5.19×103 /μL, and 20.57±10.47 ×103 /μL, respectively. The association between mean platelet counts and grades of transaminitis was not statistically significant (p-value=0.61). Mean PCV in patients with grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 transaminitis showed an increasing trend of mean PCV when compared to PCV of 35.67±1.52 in patients with normal SGOT/ SGPT levels. The association between different grades of transaminitis and mean PCV values during the course of ICU stay was statistically significant (p-value=0.038). Conclusion: Transaminitis is very common among the dengue patients in ICU and it increases in conjunction with the severity of dengue. It has an association with thrombocytopenia, organ dysfunction and a positive correlation with elevated packed cell volume.
Two‐Dimensional Perovskites with Tunable Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wu Yilei , Lu Shuaihua , Zhou Qionghua , Ju Ming‐Gang , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Wang Jinlan
Published: July 2022

Functional materials with room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are highly desired for optoelectronic and bio‐imaging applications. Currently, most inorganic RTP materials require exceedingly expensive rare metals. Although organic materials have the advantages of low cost and facile fabrication, their quantum yields are quite poor due to low efficiency in the intersystem crossing process. 2D hybrid organic‐inorganic perovskites (2D HOIPs), however, entail the virtue of both inorganic and organic RTP materials, thereby capable of strong and persistent phosphorescence for making future‐generation RTP materials. Herein, an effective screening approach is presented to search for 2D HOIPs as efficient RTP materials. The guidelines for this high‐throughput screening include the Dexter‐type energy transfer mechanism, the computed excited‐state properties, and the molecular morphing operators. Moreover, the structural stability of the 2D HOIPs is assessed by using a newly proposed tolerance factor. Overall, 539 candidates are identified as promising 2D HOIP materials for RTP. In particular, four 2D HOIPs, namely, (thNfuEA)2PbBr4, (selBthEA)2PbBr4, (selBfuEA)2PbBr4, and (BselBthEA)2PbBr4, are predicted to possess robust room‐temperature stability, suitable energy level and proper frontier‐orbital alignment, thus hold high potential for functional optoelectronic applications.
Toward the Potential Scale‐Up of Sn0.9Mn0.1O2‖LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 Li‐Ion Batteries – Powering a Remote‐Controlled Vehicle and Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Birrozzi Adele , Bautista Sebastián Pinto , Asenbauer Jakob , Eisenmann Tobias , Ashton Thomas E. , Groves Alexandra R. , Starkey Chris , Darr Jawwad A. , Geiger Dorin , Kaiser Ute , Kim Guk‐Tae , Weil Marcel , Bresser Dominic
Published: July 2022

Academic research in the battery field frequently remains limited to small coin or pouch cells, especially for new materials that are still rather far from commercialization, which renders a meaningful evaluation at an early stage of development challenging. Here, the realization of large lab‐scale pouch cells comprising Sn0.9Mn0.1O2 (SMO), prepared via an easily scalable hydrothermal synthesis method, as an alternative active material for the negative electrode and LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622) as a commercially available active material for the positive electrode is reported. Nine double‐layer pouch cells are connected in series and parallel, suitable for powering a remote‐controlled vehicle. Subsequently, these SMO‖NMC622 cells are critically evaluated by means of an early‐stage life cycle assessment and compared to graphite‖NMC622 cells, in order to get first insights into the potential advantages and challenges of such lithium‐ion chemistry.
A Highly Multi‐Stable Meta‐Structure via Anisotropy for Large and Reversible Shape Transformation
Authors: Risso Giada , Sakovsky Maria , Ermanni Paolo
Published: July 2022

Shape transformation offers the possibility of realizing devices whose 3D shape can be altered to adapt to different environments. Many applications would profit from reversible and actively controllable shape transformation together with a self‐locking capability. Solutions that combine such properties are rare. Here, a novel class of meta‐structures that can tackle this challenge is presented thanks to multi‐stability. Results demonstrate that the multi‐stability of the meta‐structure is strictly tied to the use of highly anisotropic materials. The design rules that enable large‐shape transformation, programmability, and self‐locking are derived, and it is proven that the shapes can be actively controlled and harnessed to realize inchworm‐inspired locomotion by strategically actuating the meta‐structure. This study provides routes toward novel shape adaptive lightweight structures where a metamaterial‐inspired assembly of anisotropic components leads to an unforeseen combination of properties, with potential applications in reconfigurable space structures, building facades, antennas, lenses, and soft robots.
Ecoimmunology in the field: Measuring multiple dimensions of immune function with minimally invasive, field‐adapted techniques
Authors: Blackwell Aaron D. , Garcia Angela R.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Immune function is multifaceted and characterizations based on single biomarkers may be uninformative or misleading, particularly when considered across ecological contexts. However, measuring the many facets of immunity in the field can be challenging, since many measures cannot be obtained on‐site, necessitating sample preservation and transport. Here we assess state‐of‐the‐art methods for measuring immunity, focusing on measures that require a minimal blood sample obtained from a finger prick, which can be: (1) dried on filter paper, (2) frozen in liquid nitrogen, or (3) stabilized with chemical reagents.

Results

We review immune measures that can be obtained from point‐of‐care devices or from immunoassays of dried blood spots (DBSs), field methods for flow cytometry, the use of RNA or DNA sequencing and quantification, and the application of immune activation assays under field conditions.

Conclusions

Stable protein products, such as immunoglobulins and C‐reactive protein are reliably measured in DBSs. Because less stable proteins, such as cytokines, may be problematic to measure even in fresh blood, mRNA from stabilized blood may provide a cleaner measure of cytokine and broader immune‐related gene expression. Gene methylation assays or mRNA sequencing also allow for the quantification of many other parameters, including the inference of leukocyte subsets, though with less accuracy than with flow cytometry. Combining these techniques provides an improvement over single‐marker studies, allowing for a more nuanced understanding of how social and ecological variables are linked to immune measures and disease risk in diverse populations and settings.
Thermochromic Phosphors Based on One‐Dimensional Ionic Copper‐Iodine Chains Showing Solid‐State Photoluminescence Efficiency Exceeding 99 %
Authors: Song Kuang‐Hui , Wang Jing‐Jing , Feng Li‐Zhe , He Fuxiang , Yin Yi‐Chen , Yang Jun‐Nan , Song Yong‐Hui , Zhang Qian , Ru Xue‐Chen , Lan Yi‐Feng , Zhang Guozhen , Yao Hong‐Bin
Published: July 2022

Thermochromic phosphors are intriguing materials for realizing thermochromic behaviors of light‐emitting diodes. Here a highly luminescent and stable thermochromic phosphor based on one‐dimensional Cu4I6(4‐dimethylamino‐1‐ethylpyridinium)2 is reported. This unique ionic copper‐iodine chain‐based hybrid exhibits near‐unity photoluminescence efficiency owing to the through‐space charge‐transfer character of relevant electronic transitions. More importantly, an alternative mechanism of thermochromic phosphorescence was unraveled, supported by a first principles simulation of concerted copper atom migration in the copper‐iodine chain. Furthermore, we successfully fabricate a bright thermochromic light‐emitting diode using this Cu4I6(4‐dimethylamino‐1‐ethylpyridinium)2 thermochromic phosphor. Our reported flexible ionic copper‐iodine chain‐based thermochromic luminescent material represents a new type of cost‐effective functional phosphor.
Evidence for C−F Bond Formation through Formal Reductive Elimination from Tellurium(VI)
Authors: Ragan Abbey N. , Kraemer Yannick , Kong Wang‐Yeuk , Prasad Supreeth , Tantillo Dean J. , Pitts Cody Ross
Published: July 2022

The fundamental challenge of C−F bond formation by reductive elimination has been met by compounds of select transition metals and fewer main group elements. The work detailed herein expands the list of main group elements known to be capable of reductively eliminating a C−F bond to include tellurium. Surprising and novel modes of both sp2 and sp3 C−F bond formation were observed alongside formation of TeIV cations during two separate attempts to synthesize/characterize fluorinated organotellurium(VI) cations in superacidic media (SbF5/SO2ClF). Following detailed low‐temperature NMR experiments, the mechanisms of the two unique reductive elimination reactions were probed and investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Ultimately, we found that an “indirect” reductive elimination pathway is likely operative whereby Sb plays a key role in fluoride abstraction and C−F bond formation, as opposed to unimolecular reductive elimination from a discrete TeVI cation.
Iterative quality weighted interpolation for LPV‐MPC control of industrial heat exchanger under varying fouling conditions
Authors: P. K. Resma Madhu , Subbaiah Jayalalitha
Published: July 2022

Fouling is an inevitable phenomenon that tends to change the dynamics of the heat exchanger (HE). An accurate prediction model describing these varying HE dynamics is demanded to implement model predictive control (MPC), which has been addressed in this work. A novel iterative quality weighted interpolation (IQWI) technique is proposed to determine the prediction model from the linear parametric varying (LPV) model. It uses a set of linear state‐space (SS) models, which have been identified from the input–output data of the industrial HE under various fouling conditions. The quality of the identified models is assessed using a fuzzy inference system (FIS) based on fit percentage and data quality. IQWI technique uses incremental thresholds for the model quality to iteratively generate interpolation curves. Each interpolation curve is capable of estimating the model parameters, which are fused using the distance weighted method to determine the optimal model parameters. The proposed technique is capable of improving the model accuracy by 24.43%. The use of a fouling‐based prediction model equips the MPC with accurate knowledge of HE dynamics, which enables it to provide efficient control. Experimental analysis under five different fouling conditions and comparative analysis with the existing controller indicates the efficiency of the proposed method.
A waterborne polyurethane‐based hybrid fluorescent silicon quantum dot
Authors: Gong Chengbing , Xiao Bihua , Hu Xianhai , Xian Yuxi , Wang Ping , Yang Yuqing , Luo Xiang , Li Mingjun , Liu Jin , Ding Yunsheng , Xu Pei , Liu Chao
Published: July 2022

An amino‐hydroxy‐functionalized strongly fluorescent hybrid silicon quantum dots (znoSiQDs) were prepared by a green and simple method. Waterborne polyurethane‐based hybrid fluorescent silicon Quantum dots (znoSiQDs‐WPU) was prepared by a modified acetone method using znoSiQDs as chain extender. The structure and properties were also investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), fluorescence spectroscopy (FL), and so on. ZnoSiQDs was successfully connected to the polyurethane backbone by covalent bonding. ZnoSiQDs‐WPU can effectively shield UV in the range of 300–400 nm. Compared with WPU, the UV shielding range of znoSiQDs‐WPU is significantly larger, attributed to the direct band gap transition Γ → Γ. The fluorescence intensity of znoSiQDs‐WPU was dramatically enhanced compared with that of znoSiQDs. Compared with znoSiQDs, the maximum emission peak of znoSiQDs‐WPU is blue shifted at about 18 nm, which was related to the increased polarity of the imidazole chromophore. The luminous life of znoSiQDs‐WPU is up to 6.58 ns. The thermal stability of znoSiQDs‐WPU is improved by bonding znoSiQDs to the main chains of WPU. Furthermore, it is water as a solvent, especially suitable for safety, green, environment amity of materials.
Three‐dimensional printinghydrogel scaffold with bioactivity and shape‐adaptability for potential application in irregular bone defect regeneration
Authors: Wang Jing , He Meiling , Du Meixuan , Zhu Ce , Jiang Yuling , Zhuang Yi , Qi Lin , Liu Zheng , Li Yubao , Liu Limin , Feng Ganjun , Wang Danqing , Zhang Li
Published: July 2022

Complex shaped bone defects that need to be filled are very common in clinic. But after filling, gaps are inevitably left between substitutes and host bone due to the poor conformability of preformed implants, hence hindering bone regeneration. Therefore, based on our previous study, we here used the bioink (named PPG) composed of polyurethane, polyacrylamide, and gelatin with optimized composition ratio to three‐dimensionally (3D) print an inorganic/organic composite hydrogel scaffold with self‐expandability to fill irregular bone defects and bioactivity to accelerate bone healing through adjusting the content of bioactive ceramic (BC). The results indicated that, the 3D printed BC/PPG scaffold had a rough surface on each fiber; with the incorporation of BC powders, the composite hydrogel scaffolds in swelling experiments could perform a comparable self‐adaptability to PPG hydrogel scaffold; the bioactive ions including Ca, Mg, and Si could be released from the composite scaffold and induce the rapid deposition of bone‐like apatite. The mechanical tests proved that the BC(10%)/PPG scaffold was the top performer under compression. The in vitro cell assessment illustrated that compared with PPG hydrogel scaffold, the BC/PPG composite scaffolds were more favorable to the proliferation and spreading of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
Antimicrobial polyurethane foams blown by CO2 adducts from polyethylenimines grafted with alkyl quaternary ammonium groups
Authors: Wang Xin , Guo Zhi , Da Xiang , Xie Xingyi
Published: July 2022

Based on previous endeavors on antimicrobial polyurethane (PU) foams and CO2‐releasing environment‐friendly blowing agents, we explored a series of modified polyethylenimine (PEI)–CO2 adducts, serving as both blowing and antimicrobial agents for PUs. For this purpose, a quaternary ammonium chain with a C12 alkyl (C12+), either alone or together with neutral (C8 and C12) alkyls, was grafted onto branched PEI (Mn = 25,000 Da) backbones prior to saturation with CO2. The resultant four CO2 adducts, 5C12+5C8‐, 5C12+5C12‐, 10C12+‐ and 15C12+‐PEI‐CO2 (where the number indicates grafting rate in percentage of each side chain), all can well disperse into PU foaming mixtures, generating flexible PU foams with antimicrobial activity. 15C12+‐PEI‐CO2 displays the best dispersibility and highest foaming efficiency, while 10C12+‐PEI‐CO2 is the most antimicrobial toward both Gram positive and negative bacteria. The relatively high grafting rate in 15C12+‐PEI‐CO2 drives the formation of micelle‐like particles in the foaming system; the outermost hydrophobic chains can somewhat prevent the internal quaternary ammoniums from accessing to the negatively charged cell membrane of bacteria, causing a reduction in antimicrobial efficacy compared with that of 10C12+‐PEI‐CO2. The developed PEI–CO2 adducts might replace the traditional ozone depletion and/or global warming blowing agents, and would show prolonged antimicrobial activity over rapidly leachable small molecule antimicrobial agents.
Skull defect increases the tumor treating fields strength without detrimental thermogenic effect: A computational simulating research
Authors: Jin Taian , Dou Zhangqi , Zhao Yu , Jiang Biao , Xu Jinghong , Zhang Buyi , Wei Boxing , Dong Fei , Zhang Jianmin , Sun Chongran
Published: July 2022

Background

Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is an FDA‐approved adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma. The distribution of an applied electric field has been shown to be governed by distinct tissue structures and electrical conductivity. Of all the tissues the skull plays a significant role in modifying the distribution of the electric field due to its large impedance. In this study, we studied how remodeling of the skull would affect the therapeutic outcome of TTFields, using a computational approach.

Methods

Head models were created from the head template ICBM152 and five realistic head models. The electric field distribution was simulated using the default TTFields array layout. To study the impact of the skull on the electric field, we compared three cases, namely, intact skull, defective skull, and insulating process, wherein a thin electrical insulating layer was added between the transducer and the hydrogel. The electric field strength and heating power were calculated using the FEM (finite element method).

Results

Removing the skull flap increased the average field strength at the tumor site, without increasing the field strength of “brain”. The ATVs of the supratentorial tumors were enhanced significantly. Meanwhile, the heating power of the gels increased, especially those overlapping the skull defect site. Insulation lightly decreased the electric field strength and significantly decreased the heating power in deep tumor models.

Conclusion

Our simulation results showed that a skull defect was beneficial for superficial tumors but had an adverse effect on deep tumors. Skull removal should be considered as an optional approach in future TTFields therapy to enhance its efficacy. An insulation process could be used as a joint option to reduce the thermogenic effect of skull defect. If excessive increase in heating power is observed in certain patients, insulating material could be used to mitigate overheating without sacrificing the therapeutic effect of TTFields.
Interfacial Synthesis of Nylon‐6,6 and Its Modification with Silver‐Based Nanoparticles at the Electrified Liquid‐Liquid Interface
Authors: Kowalewska Karolina , Sipa Karolina , Kaczmarek Katarzyna , Skrzypek Sławomira , Poltorak Lukasz
Published: July 2022

In this work, the synthesis of Nylon‐6.6 together with silver nanoparticles (presumably Ag2O, Ag NPs) was carried out at a polarized liquid‐liquid interface (LLI). The reduction of silver ions to Ag‐NPs was driven by an electrochemically controlled electron transfer reaction between silver cations initially dissolved in the aqueous phase and ferrocene species present in the organic phase. The formation of Ag2O is assumed to originate from Ag+ precipitation to AgOH further converted into Ag2O. The polyamide formation was derived from the interfacial polycondensation reaction happening between 1,6‐diaminohexane and adipoyl chloride. We studied the possibility to form given material simultaneously (interfacial polycondensation and Ag+ reduction occurring in one step) and sequentially (electrochemical Ag+ reduction by ferrocene from the organic phase was performed after polyamide deposition). The Ag‐based NPs‐polyamide material was synthesized at the macroscopic and microscopic LLI. As the support for the latter, fiberglass membranes was used. The resulting material was characterized by infra‐red (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Pseudo‐Octahedral Iron(II) Complexes with Near‐Degenerate Charge Transfer and Ligand Field States at the Franck‐Condon Geometry
Authors: Moll Johannes , Naumann Robert , Sorge Lukas , Förster Christoph , Gessner Niklas , Burkhardt Lukas , Ugur Naz , Nuernberger Patrick , Seidel Wolfram , Ramanan Charusheela , Bauer Matthias , Heinze Katja
Published: July 2022

Increasing the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state lifetime of polypyridine iron(II) complexes can be achieved by lowering the ligand's π* orbital energy and by increasing the ligand field splitting. In the homo‐ and heteroleptic complexes [Fe(cpmp)2]2+(12+) and [Fe(cpmp)(ddpd)]2+(22+) with the tridentate ligands 6,2’’‐carboxypyridyl‐2,2’‐methylamine‐pyridyl‐pyridine (cpmp) andN,N’‐dimethyl‐N,N’‐di‐pyridin‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine (ddpd) two or one dipyridyl ketone moieties provide low energy π* acceptor orbitals. A good metal‐ligand orbital overlap to increase the ligand field splitting is achieved by optimizing the octahedricity through CO and NMe units between the coordinating pyridines which enable the formation of six‐membered chelate rings. The push‐pull ligand cpmp provides intra‐ligand and ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (ILCT, LL'CT) excited states in addition to MLCT excited states. Ground and excited state properties of12+and22+were accessed by X‐ray diffraction analyses, resonance Raman spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, EPR spectroscopy, X‐ray emission spectroscopy, static and time‐resolved IR and UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical calculations.
Multistep Continuous Flow Synthesis of Isolable NH2‐Sulfinamidines via Nucleophilic Addition to Transient Sulfurdiimide
Authors: Andresini Michael , Carret Sébastien , Degennaro Leonardo , Ciriaco Fulvio , Poisson Jean‐François , Luisi Renzo
Published: July 2022

The growing interest in novel sulfur pharmacophores led to recent advances in the synthesis of some S(IV) and S(VI) motifs. However, preparation and isolation of uncommon primary sulfinamidines, the aza‐analogues of sulfinamides, is highly desirable. Here we report a multistep continuous flow synthesis of poorly explored NH2‐sulfinamidines by nucleophilic attack of organometallic reagents to in situ prepared N‐(trimethylsilyl)‐N‐trityl‐λ4‐sulfanediimine (Tr−N=S=N−TMS). The transformation can additionally be realized under mild conditions, at room temperature, via a highly chemoselective halogen‐lithium exchange of aryl bromides and iodides with n‐butyllithium. Moreover, the synthetic potential of the methodology was assessed by exploring further manipulations of the products and accessing novel S(IV) analogues of celecoxib, tasisulam, and relevant sulfinimidoylureas.
Dihydrogen Activation with a Neutral, Intermolecular Silicon(IV)‐Amine Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Thorwart Thaddäus , Hartmann Deborah , Greb Lutz
Published: July 2022

The heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen constitutes the hallmark reaction of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP). While being well‐established for planar Lewis acids, such as boranes or silylium ions, the observation of the primary H2 splitting products with non‐planar Lewis acid FLPs remained elusive. In the present work, we report bis(perfluoro‐N‐phenyl‐ortho‐amidophenolato)silane and its application in dihydrogen activation to a fully characterized hydridosilicate. The strict design of the Lewis acid, the limited selection of the Lewis base, and the distinct reaction conditions emphasize the narrow tolerance to achieve this fascinating process with a tetrahedral Lewis acid.
DNA‐PAINT Super‐Resolution Imaging for Characterization of Nucleic Acid Nanostructures
Authors: Dai Zheze , Xie Xiaodong , Gao Zhaoshuai , Li Qian
Published: July 2022

Numerous nucleic acid nanostructures of unique addressability and programmability have been fabricated for emerging applications. Structural characterization with atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy can provide information on the structural morphology and precision of these nanostructures. However, either structural information of native nucleic acid nanostructures in hydrated environment or the availability of addressable sites on these nanostructures could not be determined. Alternatively, DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA‐PAINT) enables direct optical visualization of nucleic acid nanostructures in native forms, as well as evaluation of the accessibility of addressable sites on them. In this Review, the working principle of DNA‐PAINT is introduced, followed by the summary on advances of DNA‐PAINT characterization of various nucleic acid nanostructures. Finally, the current challenges and prospects for DNA‐PAINT characterization are presented. We envision DNA‐PAINT to be a potent characterization tool for functional nanomaterials.
Empathy for others versus for one's child: Associations with mothers’ brain activation during a social cognitive task and with their toddlers’ functioning
Authors: Ojha Amar , Miller Jonas G. , King Lucy S. , Davis Elena G. , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Gotlib Ian H.
Published: July 2022

Caregivers who are higher in dispositional empathy tend to have children with better developmental outcomes; however, few studies have considered the role of child‐directed (i.e., “parental”) empathy, which may be relevant for the caregiver–child relationship. We hypothesized that mothers’ parental empathy during their child's infancy will be a stronger predictor of their child's social‐emotional functioning as a toddler than will mothers’ dispositional empathy. We further explored whether parental and dispositional empathy have shared or distinct patterns of neural activation during a social‐cognitive movie‐watching task. In 118 mother–infant dyads, greater parental empathy assessed when infants were 6 months old was associated with more social‐emotional competencies and fewer problems in the children 1 year later, even after adjusting for dispositional empathy. In contrast, dispositional empathy was not associated with child functioning when controlling for parental empathy. In a subset of 20 mothers, insula activation was positively associated with specific facets of both dispositional and parental empathy, whereas right temporoparietal junction activation was associated only with parental empathy. Thus, dispositional and parental empathy appear to be dissociable by both brain and behavioral metrics. Parental empathy may be a viable target for interventions, especially for toddlers at risk for developing social‐emotional difficulties.
Leaf NPK stoichiometry, δ15N, and apparent nutrient limitation of co‐occurring carnivorous and noncarnivorous plants
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. , Shiba Zackary W.
Published: July 2022

Previous meta‐analyses suggested that carnivorous plants—despite access to N, P, and K from prey—have significantly lower leaf concentrations of these nutrients than noncarnivores. Those studies, however, largely compared carnivores in nutrient‐poor habitats with noncarnivores in more nutrient‐rich sites, so that the differences reported might reflect habitat differences as much as differences in nutrient‐capture strategy. Here we examine three carnivorous and 12 noncarnivorous plants in the same nutrient‐poor bog to compare their foliar nutrient concentrations, assess their patterns of nutrient limitation using leaf NPK stoichiometry, and estimate percentage N derived from prey by carnivores using a mixing model for stable N isotopes. We hypothesized that (1) carnivore leaf nutrient concentrations approach or exceed those of noncarnivores in the same nutrient‐poor habitat; (2) species in different functional groups show different patterns of stoichiometry and apparent nutrient limitation; and (3) noncarnivores might show evidence of using other means of nutrient acquisition or conservation to reduce nutrient limitation. At Fallison Bog in northern Wisconsin, carnivorous plants (Drosera rotundifolia, Sarracenia purpurea, Utricularia macrorhiza) showed significantly lower leaf percentage C and N:P ratio, higher δ15N, and no difference from noncarnivores in leaf N, P, K, and δ13C. Sedges had significantly lower leaf percentage P, percentage C, and N:K ratio, and higher K:P ratio than nonsedges restricted to the Sphagnum mat, and may tap peat N via aerenchyma‐facilitated peat oxidation (oxipeditrophy). Evergreen ericaceous shrubs exhibited significantly higher levels of percentage C and lower values of δ15N than mat nonericads. Calla palustris—growing in the nutrient‐rich moat at the bog's upland edge—had very high values of leaf N, K, δ15N, and N:P ratio, suggesting that it may obtain nutrients from minerotrophic flows from the adjacent uplands and/or rapidly decaying peat. Stoichiometric analyses indicated that most species are N limited. A mixing model applied to δ15N values for carnivores, noncarnivores, and insects produced an estimate of 50% of leaf N derived from prey for Utricularia, 42% for Sarracenia, and 41% for Drosera.
Blind detection for spatial modulation uplink multi‐user massive MIMO communications: A sparse Bayesian learning‐expectation maximization approach
Authors: Khanzadeh Roya , Naeiny Mahmoud Ferdosizade
Published: July 2022

Massive spatial modulation (SM) multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) system is a promising technique in uplink communications for future mobile communication, due to its power and spectral efficiencies. However, these systems, like other MIMO communications, face the challenge of channel estimation. Pilot‐based channel estimation methods result in data rate reduction as well as imposing additional complexity at the receiver side, which is intensified in time‐varying channels. Therefore, blind channel estimation is an alternative way to avoid pilot transmission. Considering a time‐varying channel and taking the advantages of machine learning techniques, blind channel estimation and data detection for SM uplink multi‐user massive MIMO communications is presented in this article. In this regard, a blind multi‐user detection based on the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm, called BMU‐EM, is presented first; however, this detector suffers from high computational complexity. In order to mitigate the complexity problem, a blind multi‐user detection based on sparse Bayesian learning and expectation‐maximization, called BMU‐SBEM, is proposed. Simulation results show that the BMU‐SBEM detector performs almost close to the optimum detector where the perfect channel information is available. Furthermore, the computational complexity of the BMU‐SBEM detector increases linearly with the number of users, making it suitable for massive communications in time‐varying channels.
Averaging quantiles, variance shrinkage, and overconfidence
Authors: Cooke Roger M.
Published: July 2022

Averaging quantiles as a way of combining experts' judgments is studied both mathematically and empirically. Quantile averaging is equivalent to taking the harmonic mean of densities evaluated at quantile points. A variance shrinkage law is established between equal and harmonic weighting. Data from 49 post‐2006 studies are extended to include harmonic weighting in addition to equal and performance‐based weighting. It emerges that harmonic weighting has the highest average information and degraded statistical accuracy. The hypothesis that the quantile average is statistically accurate would be rejected at the 5% level in 28 studies and at the 0.1% level in 15 studies. For performance weighting, these numbers are 3 and 1, for equal weighting 2 and 1.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis: The association between emotional intelligence and subjective well‐being in adolescents
Authors: Llamas‐Díaz Desirée , Cabello Rosario , Megías‐Robles Alberto , Fernández‐Berrocal Pablo
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Emotional intelligence (EI) is a psychological protective factor that can improve subjective well‐being (WB) in adolescents. This study aims to establish the overall relationship between different EI models (performance‐based ability model, self‐report ability model, and self‐report mixed model) and subjective WB in adolescents, analyze the affective WB and cognitive WB components, and examine the moderating effect of EI models on both types of subjective WB.

Method

We searched PsycINFO and WOS databases. Eligible studies reported an association between EI and subjective WB in adolescents aged 10–19 years using instruments that directly measure subjective WB. In addition, two meta‐analyses were conducted, one for the relationship between EI and affective WB and the other for EI and cognitive WB.

Results

A total of 41 studies were included, of which 37 were pooled in the meta‐analyses. We found a significant positive relationship between EI and affective WB (estimated effect size = 0.35) and between EI and cognitive WB (estimated effect size = 0.27). Regarding EI models, self‐report ability showed an estimated effect size of 0.33 for affective WB and 0.27 for cognitive WB. For the self‐report mixed model, we obtained an estimated effect size of 0.42 for affective WB and 0.37 for cognitive WB.

Conclusions

Establishing a quantitative relationship between EI and subjective WB makes it possible to implement clinical and educational prevention measures. Introducing EI training in educational and clinical settings can increase subjective WB, significantly impacting the prevention of emotional disorders in adolescents.
Burn characterization using object‐oriented hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Parasca Sorin Viorel , Calin Mihaela Antonina
Published: July 2022

This paper presents a new approach based on hyperspectral imaging combined with an object‐oriented classification method that allows the generation of burn depth classification maps facilitating easier characterization of burns. Hyperspectral images of 14 patients diagnosed with burns on the upper and lower limbs were acquired using a pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system. The images were analyzed using an object‐oriented classification approach that uses objects with specific spectral, textural and spatial attributes as the minimum unit for classifying information. The method performance was evaluated in terms of overall accuracy, sensitivity, precision and specificity computed from the confusion matrix. The results revealed that the approach proposed in this study performed well in differentiating burn classes with a high level of overall accuracy (95.99% ± 0.60%), precision (97.30% ± 2.46%), sensitivity (97.23% ± 3.02%) and specificity (98.02% ± 1.98%). In conclusion, the object‐based approach for burns hyperspectral images classification can provide maps that can help surgeons identify with better precision different depths of burn wounds.
Exploring the role of antibiotics and steroids in managing respiratory diseases
Authors: Chellappan Dinesh K. , Prasher Parteek , Shukla Shakti D. , Yee Tong W. , Kah Tiong K. , Xyan Toh W. , Kid Tang W. , Si Teoh H. , Weng Ting S. , Molugulu Nagashekhara , Sakthivel Lakshmana P. , Chellian Jestin , Madheswaran Thiagarajan , Malipeddi Himaja , Singh Yogendra , Dureja Harish , Kapoor Deepak N. , Negi Poonam , Goyal Rohit , Thangavelu Lakshmi , Kumar Deepak , Gupta Piyush K. , Jha Niraj K. , Shastri Madhur D. , MacLoughlin Ronan , Singh Sachin K. , Gulati Monica , Gupta Gaurav , Dua Kamal
Published: July 2022

Respiratory diseases (RDs), such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and pneumonia, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics and steroids. Relevant published literature reviews, studies, and clinical trials were accessed from institutional and electronic databases. The keywords used were respiratory diseases, steroids, antibiotics, and combination of steroids and antibiotics. Selected articles and literature were carefully reviewed. Antibiotics are often prescribed as the standard therapy to manage RDs. Types of causative respiratory pathogens, spectrum of antibiotics activity, route of administration, and course of therapy determine the type of antibiotics that are prescribed. Despite being associated with good clinical outcome, treatment failure and recurrence rate are still high. In addition, antibiotic resistance has been widely reported due to bacterial mutations in response to the use of antibiotics, which render them ineffective. Nevertheless, there has been a growing demand for corticosteroids (CS) and antibiotics to treat a wide variety of diseases, including various airway diseases, due to their immunosuppressive and anti‐inflammatory properties. The use of CS is well established and there are different formulations based on the diseases, such as topical administration, tablets, intravenous injections, and inhaled preparations. Both antibiotics and CS possess similar properties in terms of their anti‐inflammatory effects, especially regulating cytokine release. Thus, the current review examines and discusses the different applications of antibiotics, CS, and their combination in managing various RDs. Drawbacks of these interventions are also discussed.
The numerical evaluation of Slater integrals on graphics processing units
Authors: Dang Duy‐Khoi , Wilson Leighton W. , Zimmerman Paul M.
Published: July 2022

This article presents SlaterGPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated library that uses OpenACC to numerically compute Slater‐type orbital (STO) integrals. The electron repulsion integrals (ERI) are computed under the RI approximation using the Coulomb potential of the Slater basis function. To fully realize the performance capabilities of modern GPUs, the Slater integrals are evaluated in mixed‐precision, resulting in speedups for the ERIs of over 80×. Parallelization on multiple GPUs allows for integral throughput of over 3 million integrals per second. This places STO integral throughput within reach of single‐threaded, conventional Gaussian integration schemes. To test the quality of the integrals, the fluorine exchange reaction barrier in fluoromethane was computed using heat‐bath configuration interaction (HBCI). In addition, the singlet‐triplet gap of cyclobutadiene was examined using HBCI in a triple‐, polarized basis set. These benchmarks demonstrate the library's ability to generate the full set of integrals necessary for configuration interaction with up to functions in the auxiliary basis.
Outcomes of poor peripheral blood stem cell mobilizers with multiple myeloma at the first mobilization: A multicenter retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Miyamoto‐Nagai Yurie , Mimura Naoya , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Aotsuka Nobuyuki , Ri Masaki , Katsuoka Yuna , Wakayama Toshio , Suzuki Rikio , Harazaki Yoriko , Matsumoto Morio , Kumagai Kyoya , Miyake Takaaki , Ozaki Shuji , Shono Katsuhiro , Tanaka Hiroaki , Shimura Arika , Kuroda Yoshiaki , Sunami Kazutaka , Suzuki Kazuhito , Yamashita Takeshi , Shimizu Kazuyuki , Murakami Hirokazu , Abe Masahiro , Nakaseko Chiaki , Sakaida Emiko
Published: July 2022

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains an important therapeutic strategy for multiple myeloma; however, a proportion of patients fail to mobilize a sufficient number of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) to proceed to ASCT. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics and outcomes of poor mobilizers. Clinical data on poorly mobilized patients who underwent PBSC harvest for almost 10 years were retrospectively collected from 44 institutions in the Japanese Society of Myeloma (JSM). Poor mobilizers were defined as patients with less than 2 × 106/kg of CD34+ cells harvested at the first mobilization. The proportion of poor mobilization was 15.1%. A sufficient dataset including overall survival (OS) was evaluable in 258 poor mobilizers. Overall, 92 out of 258 (35.7%) poor mobilizers did not subsequently undergo ASCT, mainly due to an insufficient number of PBSCs. Median OS from apheresis was longer for poor mobilizers who underwent ASCT than for those who did not (86.0 vs. 61.9 mon., p = 0.02). OS from the diagnosis of poor mobilizers who underwent ASCT in our cohort was similar to those who underwent ASCT in the JSM database (3y OS rate, 86.8% vs. 85.9%). In this cohort, one‐third of poor mobilizers who did not undergo ASCT had relatively poor survival. In contrast, the OS improved in poor mobilizers who underwent ASCT. However, the OS of extremely poor mobilizers was short irrespective of ASCT.
Laser‐Directed Asymmetric Growth of Plasmonic Chiral Ensembles
Authors: Wang Shuangshuang , Ding Tao
Published: July 2022

Chiral plasmonic system due to its enhanced chiroptic activity in the visible region has attracted numerous interests in the last decade. Although various strategies have been developed for the fabrication of chiral plasmonic nanostructures, the limitations of cost‐effectiveness and controllability have been the main obstacle for their practical applications. Here, continuous wave laser is used to direct the growth of chiral ensembles of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). These AuNPs are grown from the Au‐doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) films in a ring‐shaped arrangement under photoreduction, which can then evolve into nanotetramers, nanotrimers, and nanodimers at different irradiation time, showing good controllability and reproducibility. Especially, the nanodimers and nanotrimers show circular differential scattering (CDS) over 20%. The optical chirality of the nanotrimers presents a prominent superchiral field, which is demonstrated for the optical sensing of chiral molecules (approximately × 10−3 m) with large spectral dissymmetric factors. Such an unprecedented growth strategy via laser direct writing is facile, tailorable, location‐selective, and ligand‐free, which presents significant implications for on‐chip integration of chiral nano‐optic devices and surface‐enhanced Raman optical activity (SEROA).
High‐Resolution Time‐Correlated Single‐Photon Counting Using Electro‐Optic Sampling
Authors: Crockett Benjamin , van Howe James , Montaut Nicola , Morandotti Roberto , Azaña José
Published: July 2022

A simple, practical method based on electro‐optic gating is experimentally shown to improve the temporal resolution of single‐photon detection by more than 16 times. Delay times between ultrafast single photons and a reference clock are stretched by a desired programmable sampling gate factor, allowing reconstruction of delay histograms with ≈0.001 photons per pulse to within 60 ps. By transferring the bandwidth of RF electronics to single‐photon counting, complex single‐photon signals with large time‐bandwidth products > 2000 are temporally stretched up so that they can be resolved by slow detectors, irrespective of the quality of the detector instrument response function. This method is also applied to biphotons, in order to reconstruct the 2D histogram of joint detection delays with 15 times better resolution. The phenomenon of nonlocal dispersion, which is not resolvable directly with the slow detectors, is then observable to within the 98 ps level. The proof‐of‐concept demonstration uses off‐the‐shelf commercial fiber‐integrated LiNbO3 modulators and RF electronics, and the method is readily integrable on‐chip and to speeds >100 GHz, offering a practical solution to ultrafast time‐correlated single‐photon counting beyond the research laboratory.
Blow‐up regions for a class of fractional evolution equations with smoothed quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: Chamorro Diego , Issoglio Elena
Published: July 2022

We consider an n‐dimensional parabolic‐type PDE with a diffusion given by a fractional Laplace operator and with a quadratic nonlinearity of the “gradient” of the solution, convoluted with a term which can be singular. Our first result is the well‐posedness for this problem: We show existence and uniqueness of a (local in time) mild solution. The main result is about blow‐up of said solution, and in particular we find sufficient conditions on the initial datum and on the term to ensure blow‐up of the solution in finite time.
Thermal management in high‐power Erbium Ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for optimum efficiency
Authors: Binu Rajan , Vallikannu Rajendran
Published: July 2022

Cladding pumping is considered to be one of the best amplification approaches in view of the capital and operational expenditure for the development of high‐power optical amplifiers. Such schemes use multimode high‐power pump lasers as the pumping sources and they give high power output in the range of 3–5 W to use in fiber‐to‐the‐home as well as optical cable television networks. With the requirement for high output power in multichannel cost‐efficient telecommunication systems, amplifier devices face some limitations during its operation at maximum operating power level. The major limitations are the thermal effects, damage thresholds, and available pump power. Effective thermal management is a better option to improve the pump power conversion efficiency and power scaling in high‐power fiber amplifiers. Analytical and experimental investigation of two approaches for the thermal management of a commercial 3 W amplifier is discussed. The first approach considers a regular Al 6063 heat sink‐heat spreader combination with forced air cooling. The structure of the heat sink is optimized and the performance is analyzed with Aluminum and copper material for the heat spreader. The second approach discusses a thermoelectric cooler‐heat sink combination and the analysis results showed better thermal management during the high‐temperature operation of the amplifier. Two heat sink materials are considered in the analysis and results are discussed in the paper. Considering the cost‐effectiveness of the proposed solution, the thermoelectric cooler and Aluminum heat sink assembly are validated.
Modeling Polystyrene Homogeneous‐Coagulative Nucleation in Pickering Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Brunier Barthélémy , Chevalier Yves , Bourgeat‐Lami Elodie , Sheibat‐Othman Nida
Published: July 2022

Investigation of particle nucleation in surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization of styrene using Laponite clay as Pickering stabilizer is considered. The effective number of clay platelets contributing to the surface charge of the polymer particles is calculated, and used to estimate their stabilizing efficiency. A coagulative nucleation mechanism is proposed and the coagulation coefficient is calculated using the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. The Hamaker constant involved in the attractive potential of the clay‐polymer composite particles is measured experimentally. The model is found to fit the experimental data in terms of the number of nucleated particles and the nucleation period. The effective number of clay platelets contributing to the surface charge is found higher than the number of platelets allowing full polymer latex surface coverage at the end of nucleation. Moreover, efficient stabilization against coagulation requires almost complete coverage.