bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Spanish Adaption of a Questionnaire for Measuring Nomophobia among University Students
Authors: Roque Hernández Ramón Ventura , Guerra Moya Sergio Armando
Published: October 2022

Smartphones are highly useful in contemporary society. However, their use can lead to problems, such as dependency and addiction. Nomophobia is a pathological fear of losing connectedness or not being able to access information or communicate with other people. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the four dimensions of the original version of the NMP-Q questionnaire by Yildirim and Correia using the Spanish version of the questionnaire developed by Gutiérrez-Puertas et al. Similarly, this research aims at assessing whether the questionnaire retains its four-dimensional structure when applied to a population of university students in the area of social sciences at a Mexican university. Using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis techniques, we determined that nomophobia among the study population can be addressed through the first three dimensions of the original questionnaire, namely, not being able to communicate, losing connectedness, and not being able to access information. A fourth dimension, entitled “giving up convenience”, is mentioned in the literature. However, in this study, this dimension could not be clearly identified with the indicators included in the original questionnaire and was, therefore, omitted from the resulting questionnaire. Nomophobia is a modern phenomenon that is becoming increasingly prevalent in our society. Therefore, it must be studied and addressed. The nomophobia questionnaire presented in this article is a reliable way of taking measurements, as indicated by the research results. Further research should deepen the study of measuring nomophobia and improve the questionnaire through other indicators and conceptual dimensions that help explain this phenomenon in a precise and reliable way.
Review of the Research Progress of Human Brain Oxygen Extraction Fraction by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Jian Zini , Wang Xianpei , Tian Meng , Liu Yufei , Yao Hongtai , Gong Li , Li Bowen
Published: October 2022

In recent years, the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) is increasing, which seriously endangers human health. The study on hemodynamics of cerebrovascular disease can help us to understand, prevent, and treat the disease. As one of the important parameters of human cerebral hemodynamics and tissue metabolism, OEF (oxygen extraction fraction) is of great value in central nervous system diseases. The use of BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) effect offers the possibility to study cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic characteristics by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) measurements. Therefore, this paper reviews the hemodynamic parameters of brain tissue, discusses the principles and methods of quantitative BOLD-based MRI measurements of OEF, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
TRPV1 Is a Potential Tumor Suppressor for Its Negative Association with Tumor Proliferation and Positive Association with Antitumor Immune Responses in Pan-Cancer
Authors: Nie Rongfang , Liu Qian , Wang Xiaosheng
Published: October 2022

Background. Although numerous studies have shown that the expression and activation of TRPV1 have an important role in cancer development, a comprehensive exploration of associations between TRPV1 expression and tumor proliferation, microenvironment, and clinical outcomes in pan-cancer remains insufficient. Methods. From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program, we downloaded multiomics data of ten cancer cohorts and investigated the correlations between TRPV1 expression and immune signatures’ enrichment, stromal content, genomic features, oncogenic signaling, and clinical features in these cancer cohorts and pan-cancer. Results. Elevated expression of TRPV1 correlated with better clinical outcomes in pan-cancer and diverse cancer types. In multiple cancer types, TRPV1 expression correlated negatively with the expression of tumor proliferation marker genes (MKI67 and RACGAP1), proliferation scores, cell cycle scores, stemness scores, epithelial-mesenchymal transition scores, oncogenic pathways’ enrichment, tumor immunosuppressive signals, intratumor heterogeneity, homologous recombination deficiency, tumor mutation burden, and stromal content. Moreover, TRPV1 expression was downregulated in late-stage versus early-stage tumors. In breast cancer, bladder cancer, and low-grade glioma, TRPV1 expression was more inferior in invasive than in noninvasive subtypes. Pathway analysis showed that the enrichment of cancer-associated pathways correlated inversely with TRPV1 expression levels. Conclusion. TRPV1 upregulation correlates with decreased tumor proliferation, tumor driver gene expression, genomic instability, and tumor immunosuppressive signals in various cancers. Our results provide new understanding of the role of TRPV1 in both cancer biology and clinical practice.
Effect of Surface Roughness and Particle Size on Lubrication Mechanisms of SiO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kong Linghui , Zhang Lei , Bao Yueyue , Liu Dong , Liu Shutan
Published: October 2022

In this study, a series of tribological tests were conducted on a pin-on-disc tester to study the lubrication mechanism of SiO2 nanoparticles under different surface roughness considering various loads and velocities. For a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of SiO2 nanoparticles, base fluid was also employed as a contrast. Results show that the reductions of friction coefficients and wear scar widths increase with the decrease of surface roughness, due to the increase in rolling effect and self-repairing mechanism of SiO2 nanoparticles. The lubrication mechanism of SiO2 nanoparticles is the rolling effect when the height-diameter ratio (λ) is less than 6, and the self-repairing mechanism at λ of 6 and 10, whereas, there is no obvious difference by adding nanoparticles when λ is 20. When the height-diameter ratio is less than 6, surface wears show an increasing trend as the load increases due to the high hardness of nanoparticles, while it is the opposite at λ of 10 and 20 because of the self-repairing mechanism.
On the Use of Gini Coefficient for Measuring Time-Frequency Distribution Concentration and Parameters Selection
Authors: Orović Irena , Stanković Srdjan , Beko Marko
Published: October 2022

The energy concentration in the time-frequency analysis has been used as an important feature in many signal processing tasks such as detection, reconstruction, feature extraction, and classification, especially in applications with nonstationary signals. Consequently, when considering the energy concentration as a feature, it is of great importance to provide the time-frequency representation that provides the highest possible concentration for a certain signal type. Measuring time-frequency distribution concentration allows an appropriate selection of distribution parameters that mostly correspond to the analyzed signal. Different types of concentration measures have been applied for automatic parameters set up in time-frequency based signal analysers. Here, we propose to use the Gini coefficient as an efficient concentration measure for an appropriate choice of time-frequency distribution and its parameters. It is proven that the Gini coefficient can be more suitable than other commonly used measures. The advantage of using the Gini coefficient is demonstrated in examples.
Protecting the Airway and the Physician: Lessons from 214 Cases of Endotracheal Intubation Litigation
Authors: Eloy Jean Daniel , Pashkova Anna A. , Amin Molly , Anthony Christy , Munoz Daisy , Gubenko Yuriy , Patel Shivani , Korban Anna , Perales Andrea , Svider Peter F. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: October 2022

Objective. Medicolegal examination of an intervention as common as endotracheal intubation may be valuable to physicians in many specialties. Our objectives were to comprehensively detail the factors raised in litigation to better educate physicians on strategies for minimizing liability and augmenting patient safety. Methods. Publicly available court records were searched for pertinent litigation. Ultimately, 214 jury verdict and settlement reports were examined for various factors, including outcome, award, geographic location, defendant specialty, setting in which an injury occurred, patient demographics, and other causes of malpractice. Results. Ninety-two cases (43.0%) were resolved in the defendant’s favor, with the remaining cases resulting in out-of-court settlement or a plaintiff’s verdict. Payments from these cases were considerable, averaging $2.5 M. The most frequent physician defendants were anesthesiologists (59.8%) and emergency-physicians (19.2%), although other specialties were well represented. The most common setting of injury was the operating room (45.3%). Common factors included sustaining permanent deficits (89.2%), death (50.5%), and anoxic brain injury (37.4%). Injuries occurring in labor and delivery mostly involved newborns and had among the highest awards. Conclusions. Litigation involves injuries sustained in numerous settings. The most common factors present included sustaining permanent deficits, including anoxic brain injury. The presence of this latter injury increased the likelihood of a case being resolved with payment. Finally, deficits in informed consent were noted in numerous cases, stressing the importance of a clear process in which the physician explains specific risks (such as those detailed in this analysis), benefits, and alternatives.
Cooperative Multi-Path Routing Algorithm for Integrated Satellite-Maritime Networks
Authors: Kim Sungwook
Published: October 2022

Recent advances in wireless communication technologies have allowed mobile users to access various data services anytime and anywhere. In this study, we focused on an integrated satellite-maritime network (ISMN) platform to develop a novel multipath routing scheme. By considering the geographic features of the sea and different data types, we adopted coalitional game theory to design new routing algorithms in the ISMN infrastructure. According to the concepts of different value solutions, routing packets are adaptively distributed into multiple routing paths while self-adjusting to widely diversified ISMN system situations. Therefore, the mutual benefits accrued from cooperation can be explored while leveraging reciprocal consensus between different routing control issues. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme fits well with the ISMN platform using our coalitional game-based approach.
Phase II Trial of Pembrolizumab and Anti-CD3 x Anti-HER2 Bispecific Antibody-Armed Activated T Cells in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Thakur Archana , Chen Wei , Deol Abhinav , Patel Meera , Dobson Kimberlee , Dickow Brenda , Schalk Dana , Schienschang Amy , Whitaker Sarah , Polend Amanda , Fontana Joseph A. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Lum Lawrence G.
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

A phase II study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of HER2 bispecific antibody (HER2Bi)-armed activated T cells (HER2 BAT) and programmed death 1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with 0 to 1 performance status and normal liver, kidney, and marrow function, pre- or post-docetaxel chemotherapy were eligible. Primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by a single apheresis, shipped to University of Virginia, activated with OKT3 and expanded for 14 days in IL2, harvested, and armed with HER2Bi and cryopreserved. HER2 BATs were infused twice weekly for 4 weeks and pembrolizumab was administered every 21 days for a maximum duration of 6 months starting 1 to 3 weeks prior to HER2 BATs infusion.

Results:

Fourteen patients were enrolled with a median age of 69 (range 57–82 years) and median PSA of 143.4 (range 8.2–4210 ng/dL). Two patients had peritoneal metastases, 1 had lymph node (LN) only metastases and 11 had bone metastases of which 7 had bone and LN metastases. All were pretreated with androgen receptor axis targeted agents and 7 (50%) had prior docetaxel chemotherapy. The toxicities were grade1–2 infusion reactions with fever, chills, headaches, nausea and/or myalgias. Primary endpoint of 6 month PFS was achieved in 5 of 14 patients (38.5%; 95% confidence interval, 19.5%–76.5%). Median PFS was 5 months and median survival was 31.6 months.

Conclusions:

The safety and promising efficacy makes this combination worthy of future investigation in mCRPC.
Efficacy and Safety of Intragastric Balloon Therapy Compared to a Multidisciplinary Weight Loss Program (OPTIFAST) in a Real-World Population: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Oster Miriam , Hein Nathalena , Aksan Aysegül , Krammer Heiner , Theodoridou Sophia , Stein Jürgen
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Obesity is a major global health problem associated with comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Bariatric surgery is recognized to be the most effective weight loss intervention, but it is highly invasive and costly and can have serious side effects. Intragastric balloon (IGB) placement by endoscopy and hypocaloric diets are among a number of techniques that have been used in patients unsuitable for, or unwilling to undergo, obesity surgery. In this study, we compared the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the hypocaloric OPTIFAST program (OPT) with endoscopic IGB placement for weight loss. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort propensity score-weighted comparison (performed May 2014 to December 2020), participants with a BMI of 30–55 kg/m2, aged 18–70 years, were randomized to OPT or IGB for 26 weeks, followed by a weight maintenance phase. Patients were matched according to age, gender, and BMI. The study outcomes were percentage excess body weight lost, total body weight lost (TBWL), and percentage TBWL (%TBWL). Results: A total of 148 participants (75% of those randomized; 74 OPT, 74 IGB) made up the ITT population. Mean age was 44.1 ± 10.4 years, and the patients were predominantly female (77%). Baseline BMI was 44.1 ± 10.4 kg/m2. At 26 weeks, %TBWL in the OPT group was 19.6 ± 6.8% versus 11.9 ± 6.7% for IGB (p < 0.001). At 52 weeks, %TBWL for OPT was 18.2 ± 9.0% versus 12.0 ± 6.6% for IGB (p < 0.001). The OPT cohort also experienced significantly fewer adverse events compared with the IGB group. Conclusion: IGB placement and OPT induce clinically meaningful weight loss. However, OPT appears to induce clinically superior weight loss and has economic advantages through lower rates of complications and adverse events.
Clinical Implications of BRCA Mutations in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Kim Hyera , Kim Jin Young , Park Keon Uk
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Current standard chemotherapy for biliary tract cancer (BTC) has limited survival benefits, and the need for targeted therapies is increasing. This study investigated the genetic profiles and clinical implications of BRCA mutations in patients with advanced BTC. Methods: Targeted high-throughput sequencing was performed on samples obtained from 25 patients with advanced BTC who had received palliative first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Results: Of the 25 patients, 16 (64.0%) were younger than 65 years of age and 16 (64.0%) were male. The BTC cases consisted of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (9, 36.0%), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (5, 20.0%), and gallbladder cancer (11, 44.0%). The median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of all patients were 11.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.2–14.6) and 5.6 months (95% CI: 3.8–7.3), respectively. Genomic alterations in TP53 (52.0%), BRCA (36.0%), ATM (32.0%), ERBB2 (24.0%), NOTCH1 (20.0%), and FGFR3 (20.0%) were frequently reported. TP53 and ATM mutations were associated with OS (TP53: hazard ratio [HR] 2.719, 95% CI: 1.074–6.881, p = 0.035; ATM: HR 2.780, 95% CI: 1.091–7.082, p = 0.032). Patients with BRCA mutations had a slightly improved PFS compared to those with intact BRCA (6.7 months [range, 2.7–10.7 months] vs. 5.3 months [range, 3.6–7.0 months], p = 0.090). However, there was no significant difference in OS between groups (BRCA mutant vs. intact: 10.6 months [range, 3.6–17.6 months] vs. 11.9 months [range, 7.5–16.3 months], p = 0.252). BRCA mutations were significantly associated with PFS in the multivariate analysis (HR 0.150, 95% CI: 0.034–0.655, p = 0.012). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that BRCA mutations might have a role as predictive biomarkers for palliative first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced BTC.
Predictive Value of the Hepatic Immune Predictive Index for Patients with Primary Liver Cancer Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Hong Chang , Dong Han-Zhi , Li Rui-Ning , Zhu Hong-Bo , Li Qi-Mei , Cui Hao , Hu Cheng-Yi , Huang Chao-Yi , Peng Jie , Liu Li , Zou Xue-Jing , Xiao Lu-Shan
Published: October 2022

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival outcomes and resulted in long-term responses in primary liver cancer in some patients. Nevertheless, not all patients with PLC could benefit from immunotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify patients suitable for such therapy. Methods: 215 patients with primary liver cancer with immunotherapy from Nanfang Hospital were screened between August 2018 and October 2020 as a training set and our validation set included 71 patients of hepatocellular carcinoma from Jiangxi Cancer Hospital from May 2019 to July 2021. The primary endpoint was the disease control rate (DCR), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival. Results: In the training set, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥3 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level ≥20 ng/mL were independently associated with non-DCR in the training set after adjusting for distant metastasis at baseline and targeted therapy combination. Furthermore, a hepatic immune predictive index (HIPI) based on NLR and AFP level was developed and patients with poor HIPI associated with worse clinical outcomes. In validation set, high HIPI was associated with poor OS. Conclusion: HIPI, based on NLR and AFP level, is an effective indicator in ICI-treated patients with primary liver cancer. Our findings may help guide the selection and on-treatment strategies for immunotherapies for primary liver cancer patients.
Sarcopenic Obesity Is Associated With Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness Compared With Nonsarcopenic Obesity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Billingsley Hayley E. , Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Canada Justin M. , Kim Youngdeok , Damonte Juan Ignacio , Trankle Cory R. , Halasz Geza , Mihalick Virginia , Vecchié Alessandra , Markley Roshanak R. , Kadariya Dinesh , Bressi Edoardo , Medina de Chazal Horacio , Chiabrando Juan Guido , Mbualungu James , Turlington Jeremy , Arena Ross , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Abbate Antonio , Carbone Salvatore
Published: October 2022

Background:

Sarcopenia impairs cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Obesity has also been shown to impair CRF; however, the effects of sarcopenia on CRF in patients with obesity and HFrEF are unknown. The aim of this analysis was to examine differences in CRF between patients with sarcopenic obesity (SO) and non-SO (NSO) with HFrEF. We also assessed associations between skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) and CRF.

Methods:

Forty patients with HFrEF and obesity underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to collect measures of CRF including peak oxygen consumption (VO
2
), circulatory power, oxygen uptake efficiency slope, O
2
pulse, and exercise time. Body composition was performed in all patients using bioelectrical impedance analysis to quantify fat mass index and divide patients into SO and NSO based on SMMI cutoffs. Results are presented as mean (SD) or median [interquartile range] as appropriate.

Results:

Nearly half (43% [n=17]) of patients had SO. Patients with SO had a lower SMMI than those with NSO, and no differences in fat mass index were observed between groups. Those with SO achieved a lower absolute peak VO
2
(NSO, 1.62±0.53 L·min
-1
versus SO, 1.27±0.44 L·min
-1
,
P
=0.035), oxygen uptake efficiency slope (NSO, 1.92±0.59 versus SO, 1.54±0.48,
P
=0.036), and exercise time (NSO, 549±198 seconds versus SO, 413±140 seconds,
P
=0.021) compared to those with NSO. On multivariate analysis, SMMI remained a significant predictor of absolute peak VO
2
when adjusted for age, sex, adiposity, and HF severity.

Conclusions:

In patients with HFrEF and obesity, sarcopenia, defined as low SMMI, is associated with a clinically significant reduction in CRF, independent of adiposity.
Hepatic T1-Time Predicts Cardiovascular Risk in All-Comers Referred for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: A Post-Hoc Analysis
Authors: Mascherbauer Katharina , Donà Carolina , Koschutnik Matthias , Dannenberg Varius , Nitsche Christian , Duca Franz , Heitzinger Gregor , Halavina Kseniya , Steinacher Eva , Kronberger Christina , Bardach Constanze , Beitzke Dietrich , Loewe Christian , Waldmann Elisabeth , Trauner Michael , Bartko Philipp , Goliasch Georg , Mascherbauer Julia , Hengstenberg Christian , Kammerlander Andreas
Published: October 2022

Background:

Liver damage is frequently observed in patients with cardiovascular disease but infrequently quantified. We hypothesized that in patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance, liver T1-times indicate liver damage and are associated with cardiovascular outcome.

Methods:

We measured hepatic T1-times, displayed on standard cardiac T1-maps, in an all-comer cardiac magnetic resonance-cohort. At the time of cardiac magnetic resonance, we assessed validated general liver fibrosis scores. Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox-regression models were used to investigate the association between hepatic T1-times and a composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, heart failure hospitalization, and death.

Results:

One thousand seventy-five participants (58±18 year old, 47% female) were included (972 patients, 50 controls, 53 participants with transient elastography). Hepatic T1-times were 590±89 ms in patients and 574±45 ms in controls (
P
=0.052). They were significantly correlated with cardiac size and function, presence of atrial fibrillation, NT-pro-BNP levels, and gamma-glutamyl-transferase levels (
P
<0.001 for all). During follow-up (58±31 months), a total of 280 (29%) events occurred. On Cox-regression, high hepatic T1-times yielded a significantly higher risk for events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.45–1.89] per 100 ms increase;
P
<0.001), even when adjusted for age, sex, left and right ventricular ejection fraction, NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide), and myocardial T1-time. On receiver operating characteristic analysis and restricted cubic splines, we found that a hepatic T1-time exceeding 610 ms was associated with excessive risk.

Conclusions:

Hepatic T1-times on standard cardiac magnetic resonance scans were significantly associated with cardiac size and function, comorbidities, natriuretic peptides, and independently predicted cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. A hepatic T1-time >610 ms seems to indicate excessive risk.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04220450.
Ticagrelor or Prasugrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and High Bleeding Risk
Authors: Lahu Shqipdona , Presch Antonia , Ndrepepa Gjin , Menichelli Maurizio , Valina Christian , Hemetsberger Rayyan , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Bernlochner Isabell , Joner Michael , Xhepa Erion , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Kufner Sebastian , Rifatov Nonglag , Sager Hendrik B. , Mayer Katharina , Kessler Thorsten , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Richardt Gert , Schunkert Heribert , Neumann Franz-Josef , Sibbing Dirk , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Kastrati Adnan , Cassese Salvatore
Published: October 2022

Background:

The relative efficacy and safety of more potent P2Y
12
inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome and high bleeding risk (HBR) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remains unclear. We aimed to study the treatment effect of ticagrelor and prasugrel in percutaneous coronary intervention patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome and HBR.

Methods:

This post hoc analysis of the ISAR-REACT 5 trial (Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment 5) included patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, randomized to ticagrelor or prasugrel, in whom HBR was defined as per Academic Research Consortium criteria. The primary (efficacy) end point was the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The secondary (safety) end point was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 3 to 5 bleeding. Outcomes were assessed 12 months after randomization.

Results:

Out of the 3239 patients included in this analysis, 486 fulfilled the criteria for Academic Research Consortium-HBR definition (HBR group; ticagrelor, n=230 and prasugrel, n=256), while 2753 did not (non-HBR group; ticagrelor, n=1375 and prasugrel, n=1378). Compared with the non-HBR group, the HBR group had a higher risk for the primary (hazard ratio [HR]=3.57 [95% CI, 2.79–4.57];
P
<0.001) and secondary end point (HR=2.94 [2.17–3.99];
P
<0.001). In the HBR group, the primary (HR=1.09 [0.73–1.62]) and secondary (HR=1.18 [0.67–2.08]) end points were not significantly different between patients assigned to ticagrelor and prasugrel. In the non-HBR group, the primary end point (HR=1.62 [1.19–2.20]) occurred more frequently in patients assigned to ticagrelor as compared to patients assigned to prasugrel, without difference in safety (HR=1.08 [0.74–1.58]). There was no significant treatment allocation-by-HBR status interaction with respect to the primary (
P
for interaction=0.12) or secondary (
P
for interaction=0.80) end points.

Conclusions:

In patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, HBR status increased both ischemic and bleeding risk without significant impact on the relative efficacy and safety of either ticagrelor or prasugrel. These results warrant confirmation in larger cohorts.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01944800.
Orexin, Sleep, Sympathetic Neural Activity, and Cardiovascular Function
Authors: Bigalke Jeremy A. , Shan Zhiying , Carter Jason R.
Published: October 2022

Inadequate sleep duration and quality are associated with reduced cardiovascular health and increased mortality. Experimental evidence points to the sympathetic nervous system as a key mediator in the observed relationship between poor sleep and cardiovascular dysfunction. However, brain mechanisms underpinning the impaired sympathetic function associated with poor sleep remain unclear. Recent evidence suggests the central orexin system, particularly orexins A and B and their receptors, have a key regulatory role for sleep in animal and human models. While orexin system activity has been observed to significantly impact sympathetic regulation in animals, the extension of these findings to humans has been difficult due to an inability to directly assess orexin system activity in humans. However, direct measures of sympathetic activity in populations with narcolepsy and chronic insomnia, 2 sleep disorders associated with deficient and excessive orexin neural activity, have allowed indirect assessment of the relationships between orexin, sleep, and sympathetic regulation. Further, the recent pharmaceutical development of dual orexin receptor antagonists for use in clinical insomnia populations offers an unprecedented opportunity to examine the mechanistic role of orexin in sleep and cardiovascular health in humans. The current review assesses the role of orexin in both sleep and sympathetic regulation from a translational perspective, spanning animal and human studies. The review concludes with future research directions necessary to fully elucidate the mechanistic role for orexin in sleep and sympathetic regulation in humans.
Mapping the Printing of Sino-European Intercultural Books in China (1582–c.1823)
Authors: Standaert Nicolas , Van den Bosch Nora
Published: October 2022

This article focusses on the production of Sino-European intercultural books in China from the late Ming until the mid-Qing (1582–c.1823). It seeks to answer questions such as: where were the Sino-European books printed? How did the printing places evolve over time? And which factors influenced this evolution? It does so by investigating the private publishing places of these books, which have been referred to as ‘tang printing’ (tangke 堂刻) or more specifically ‘church printing’ (jiaotang ke 教堂刻). By using historical and geospatial data visualization, this article locates, maps, and analyses the production centres of Sino-European books over the course of more than two centuries. It further puts the evolution of this industry in the context of the available printing techniques, the social actors, and the relevant socio-political changes. This investigation shows that the technology of woodblock printing and the flexibility and elasticity of the labour force made the expansion of publishing Sino-European texts relatively easy. As will be discussed below, the regional spread of printing centres over the course of time was determined by internal factors linked to social actors, such as the number of European missionaries and their productivity, and by socio-political external factors, such as periods of persecution and exile. After delineating the printed artefacts that are used for this research, this article establishes a historical and geospatial narrative of the development of this intercultural ‘book world’, visualizing its evolution through digital humanities methods. In doing so, it gives unique insight into the printing history of the early Sino-European encounter in China.
Distribution of Sino-European Intercultural Texts in Chinese Private Libraries of the Late Ming and the Early to Mid-Qing Periods (1582–c.1823)
Authors: Standaert Nicolas
Published: October 2022

This article focusses on the distribution of Sino-European books in the broad scholarly world: how did these books that are intercultural regarding authorship, content, and material aspect, reach their potential readers? And how widely were these books distributed? It investigates the extent to which these books were included in private libraries from the late Ming until the mid-Qing (1582–c.1823). Book printing had become very efficient in the second half of the sixteenth century and collecting books, both in printed and manuscript form, had become one of the favourite hobbies of (retired) scholars. Some of them accumulated very large libraries, and the catalogues of a few of these have been preserved.

Thirty-seven of the still extant catalogues of these libraries contain references to Sino-European books. These references provide the opportunity to investigate the distribution of such intercultural texts over a span of two hundred and fifty years. This article begins with a general presentation of these catalogues. Subsequently, individual catalogues are described in chronological order. When possible, a description is included of the collector’s link with European missionaries or Chinese Christians, as it is through these connections that the intercultural encounters around these texts took place. Next, by tracing the frequency of appearance of the works, this article explores what the extant catalogues can tell us about the distribution of Sino-European books. Finally, the focus moves to the ways the collectors classified these works in their catalogues. By investigating the bibliographic categories, this analysis reveals the intercultural negotiations that took place in the creation of the Sino-European book world.
Modeling Fuzzy Fidelity: Using Microsimulation to Explore Age, Period, and Cohort Effects in Secularization
Authors: Puga-Gonzalez Ivan , Voas David , Kiszkiel Lukasz , Bacon Rachel J. , Wildman Wesley J. , Talmont-Kaminski Konrad , Shults F. LeRon
Published: October 2022

This article presents a microsimulation that explores age, period, and cohort effects in the decline of religiosity in contemporary societies. The model implements a well-known and previously empirically validated theory of secularization that highlights the role of “fuzzy fidelity,” i.e., the percentage of a population whose religiosity is moderate (Voas 2009). Validation of the model involved comparing its simulation results to shifts in religiosity over 9 waves of the European Social Survey. Simulation experiments suggest that a cohort effect, based on weakened transmission of religiosity as a function of the social environment, appears to be the best explanation for secularization in the societies studied, both for the population as a whole and for the proportions of religious, fuzzy, and secular people.
„Dienstbaarheid” in New Delhi
Authors: Tavard G. H.
Published: October 2022

The theme of Service appears in several of the New Delhi documents. The report of the section on Service is the most important, but is weak from a doctrinal and theological standpoint. It surveys a series of practical problems but remains somewhat undecisive on many aspects of the underlying doctrine. By comparison to the Evanston documents referring to themes of Service, the New Delhi Assembly showed hesitancy to formulate clear Christian norms for the organisation of society. In this way, the New Delhi Assembly reflects the international political situation as much as, and perhaps more than, the committed thought of the Orthodox and the Protestant Churches.
Ikonografische in Deling van de Byzantijnse Kerkruimte
Authors: Jacobs A.A. A.
Published: October 2022

Le principe de l’architecture byzantine peut être résumé en „COUPOLE SUR CUBE”.

Cette construction a un sens symbolique : elle exprime l’union du monde divin (coupole) au monde humain (cube) par l’incarnation. C’est ainsi qu’on appelle l’église byzantine l’architecture de L’INCARNATION.

La décoration de l’église correspond à cette idée maîtresse. L’ensemble des peintures veut nous représenter tous les grands évènements et personnages de la rédemption; chacun à sa place! En haut de la Coupole le „Pantocrator” et autour de Lui tous ceux qui ont joué un rôle dans la préparation et l’avènement du Regne céleste e.a. la Mère de Dieu, S. Jean Baptiste, les prophètes, Jes apôtres, les évangélistes.

En bas clans l’eglise elle-même on voit dans l’abside la Mère avec son fils divin et autour d’elle, sur les murs de l’eglise, les grands mysteres et Jes Saints du règne de Dieu. Le génie byzantin a réussi d’une manière magnifique à donner la synthése de la rédemption dans son architecture et peinture religieuses.
Two new nematode-trapping fungi (Arthrobotrys, Orbiliaceae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: ZHANG XIN , ZHANG FA , JIANG LIN , YANG YAO-QUAN , YANG XIAO-YAN , XIAO WEN
Published: October 2022

Arthrobotrys jindingensis and A. tongdianensis, two new species isolated from the freshwater sediment and terrestrial soil in Lanping county, Yunnan, China, are introduced based on morphology and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, TEF and RPB2). A. jindingensis is characterized by its branched conidiophores with irregularly swollen nodular apex, pyriform or obovoid, and 1-septate conidia. A. tongdianensis is characterized by its branched conidiophores, and ellipsoid or obovate, 1-septate conidia. Phylogenetic analysis supports them as two new species within Arthrobotrys with high support. The descriptions and illustrations of these two species are provided in this paper.
Lectotype designation of the name Hieracium loscosianum (Asteraceae)
Authors: FERRER-GALLEGO P. PABLO , MATEO GONZALO , SÁEZ LLORENÇ , ROSSELLÓ JOSEP A.
Published: October 2022

The name Hieracium loscosianum Scheele is lectotypified using a specimen preserved at COI herbarium.
Organizing for Mars: A Task Management Perspective on Work within Spaceflight Multiteam Systems
Authors: Lungeanu Alina , Mesmer-Magnus Jessica R. , Niler Ashley A. , DeChurch Leslie A. , Contractor Noshir S.
Published: October 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to examine how task, social, and situational factors shape work patterns, information networks, and performance in spaceflight multiteam systems (MTSs).

Background

Human factors research has explored the task and individual characteristics that affect decisions regarding when and in what order people complete tasks. We extend this work to understand how the social and situational factors that arise when working in MTSs affect individual work patterns.

Methods

We conducted a complex multi-site space analog simulation with NASA over the course of 3 years. The MTS task required participants from four teams (Geology, Robotics, Engineering, and Human Factors) to collaborate to design a well on Mars. We manipulated the one-way communication delay between the crew and mission support: no time lag, 60-second lag, and 180-second lag.

Results

The study revealed that team and situational factors exert strong effects: members whose teams have less similar mental models, those whose teams prioritize their team goal over the MTS goal, and those working in social isolation and/or under communication delay engage longer on tasks. Time-on-task positively predicts MTS information networks, which in turn positively predict MTS performance when communication occurs with a delay, but not when it occurs in real-time.

Conclusion

Our findings contribute to research on task management in the context of working in teams and multiteam systems. Team and situational factors, along with task factors, shape task management behavior.

Application

Social and situational factors are important predictors of task management in team contexts such as spaceflight MTSs.
Prediction and politics in Beijing, 1668: A Jesuit astronomer and his technical resources in a time of crisis
Authors: Cullen Christopher , Jami Catherine
Published: October 2022

In late December 1668 the Kangxi 康熙 emperor (r. 1662–1722) asked the Jesuit astronomer Ferdinand Verbiest (1623–1688) to give publicly verifiable proof that the western astronomical system introduced to China by the Jesuits was accurate. In response Verbiest proposed that he and his Chinese opponents should be set the task of predicting the length of the shadow cast by a gnomon of a given length at a given time on a given day, and his suggestion was accepted. Success in this experimental trial was vital to the future of the Jesuit mission in China. After repeating the trial at noon on three successive days, Verbiest was judged to have succeeded in showing the superiority of western methods in this respect. In this paper, we provide a detailed technical analysis of the methods used by Verbiest to make his predictions of gnomon shadows, and trace the sources of his skills back to his astronomical studies in Europe before his departure for China. In the course of this investigation, we discuss changes in European astronomical techniques up to the mid 17th century that played a decisive role in his predictive task. As a result of this analysis, we are able to explain certain previously puzzling features of Verbiest’s predictions as a rational response on his part to the contentious circumstances under which the trial was conducted.
A possible reference to the solar corona in a contemporary report of the AD1239 eclipse
Authors: Martínez Usó María José , Marco Castillo Francisco J.
Published: October 2022

The codex kept at the Arnamagnean Institute, in Copenhagen, with the number 805 4º (København, Det Arnamagnaeanske Institut, Københavns Universitet, AM 805 4º), contains a combination of texts featuring legal and short historiographic pieces. In the latter we find a few astronomical references, among them a contemporary mention of the solar eclipse of June 3, 1239 containing what seems to be a reference to the solar corona. This reference could be added to the only other commonly accepted timed report of the corona from medieval times in the Annales Sangallenses regarding the total solar eclipse of the year AD968.
An experimental investigation on synthesizing and characterizing of modified bagasse reinforced natural rubber composite
Authors: Bekele Zenebe M , Woldesenbet Eyassu , Koricho Ermias G
Published: October 2022

Natural composite material has been successfully fabricated employing sugar cane bagasse as reinforcement and natural rubber as a matrix. The goal of this study was to characterize and analyze this composite material by varying parameters such as fiber weight fraction and type, and fiber surface treatments. Optimization of the properties was carried out by applying various experimental techniques to determine the viscosity, curing torque, and abrasion wear, as well as mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties. The finding showed the viscosity, specific gravity, and curing torque increased with increasing bagasse content. Similarly, the braking force, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity have shown remarkable improvements with the addition of the bagasse reinforcement. Sodium hydroxide-treated fibers and bagasse ash fillers have demonstrated superior properties compared to untreated fiber-rubber composites. Better dispersion and morphological properties were also obtained when using sodium hydroxide-treated bagasse reinforcement and bagasse ash, and thus are recommendations of this study for use in rubber composites.
Development and External Validation of a Multivariable Prediction Model to Identify Nondiabetic Hyperglycemia and Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Diabetes Risk Assessment in Dentistry Score (DDS)
Authors: Yonel Z. , Kocher T. , Chapple I.L.C. , Dietrich T. , Völzke H. , Nauck M. , Collins G. , Gray L.J. , Holtfreter B.
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate a score for use in dental settings to identify those at risk of undiagnosed nondiabetic hyperglycemia (NDH) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) project comprises 2 representative population-based cohort studies conducted in northeast Germany. SHIP-TREND-0, 2008 to 2012 (the development data set) had 3,339 eligible participants, with 329 having undiagnosed NDH or T2D. Missing data were replaced using multiple imputation. Potential covariates were selected for inclusion in the model using backward elimination. Heuristic shrinkage was used to reduce overfitting, and the final model was adjusted for optimism. We report the full model and a simplified paper-based point-score system. External validation of the model and score employed an independent data set comprising 2,359 participants with 357 events. Predictive performance, discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were assessed. The final model included age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, first-degree relative with diabetes, presence of a dental prosthesis, presence of mobile teeth, history of periodontal treatment, and probing pocket depths ≥5 mm as well as prespecified interaction terms. In SHIP-TREND-0, the model area under the curve (AUC) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 0.75), calibration in the large was −0.025. The point score AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.65, 0.72), with sensitivity of 77.0 (95% CI 76.8, 77.2), specificity of 51.5 (95% CI 51.4, 51.7), negative predictive value of 94.5 (95% CI 94.5, 94.6), and positive predictive value of 17.0 (95% CI 17.0, 17.1). External validation of the point score gave an AUC of 0.69 (95% CI 0.66, 0.71), sensitivity of 79.2 (95% CI 79.0, 79.4), specificity of 49.9 (95% CI 49.8, 50.00), negative predictive value 91.5 (95% CI 91.5, 91.6), and positive predictive value of 25.9 (95% CI 25.8, 26.0). A validated prediction model involving dental variables can identify NDH or undiagnosed T2DM. Further studies are required to validate the model for different European populations.
Going, going, gone? Varieties of dissent and leader exit
Authors: Gleditsch Kristian Skrede , Olar Roman-Gabriel , Radean Marius
Published: October 2022

We examine how popular dissent affects the likelihood that political leaders lose power, distinguishing between types of dissent in terms of nonviolent/violent primary tactics as well as the level of individual participation. We posit that protests threaten leaders both directly through the governance costs of citizen non-compliance, and indirectly through the increased risk of elite defections in the ruling coalition. In a series of propositions we detail how the type of dissent and the magnitude of participation influence the odds of leaders surviving in office. We argue that mass nonviolent challenges tend to be more threatening to a leader’s rule than violent dissent, given the characteristics of movements likely to choose nonviolent tactics. Moreover, the effectiveness of the challenge increases in the scale and size of the dissident campaign, and movements that can mobilize larger numbers have a comparative advantage in nonviolent tactics. Employing data on political leaders’ tenure and dissident campaign characteristics, we provide evidence consistent with our expectations.
Sexual violence, gendered protection and support for intervention
Authors: Agerberg Mattias , Kreft Anne-Kathrin
Published: October 2022

The protection of civilians from human rights violations has increasingly become a global priority. The wars in Bosnia and Rwanda in the 1990s, and the development of the Women, Peace and Security framework have placed conflict-related sexual violence on the global protection agenda. Prior research has found that international attention to, and intervention in, conflicts is in fact more likely when there are reports of widespread sexual violence, regardless of overall conflict intensity. This article theorizes and empirically examines the micro-level underpinnings of these patterns. We hypothesize that individuals are more likely to support military intervention in conflicts with prevalent sexual violence as opposed to other types of conflict violence. The reason lies in gendered protection norms, based in benevolent sexism, that continue to have traction also in Western societies. In equivalent survey experiments carried out in the United States, the United Kingdom and Sweden, we find that support for international intervention is highest in sexual violence conflicts. In the United States and the United Kingdom, the responsibility to protect and gendered perceptions of victimhood mediate this effect. A follow-up experiment in the United States provides further evidence of a gendered protection norm as a core mechanism driving our results.
Exit, Control, and Politics: Structural Power and Corporate Governance under Asset Manager Capitalism
Authors: Braun Benjamin
Published: October 2022

The power of finance vis-à-vis the nonfinancial sector is changing. Macroeconomic developments and financial innovations have reduced financial actors’ exit options, thus diminishing exit-based structural power. At the same time, shareholdings have become more concentrated in the hands of large asset managers, thus increasing control-based power. This article documents these trends, before examining whether asset managers wield their power and why, despite being universal shareholders, they have not steered corporate behavior toward decarbonization. Rather than assuming orderly, good-faith interactions between shareholders and managers, this article argues that in the United States today, political considerations govern the use of control-based power. Asset managers’ corporate governance policies are subservient to the—increasingly inconsistent—goals of maximizing assets under management while avoiding regulatory backlash. Unlike exit-based power, control-based power is constrained by being highly visible and, therefore, easily politicized.