bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the operation of marine diesel engines when using engine oils with different structural characteristics
Authors: Stoliaryk Tymur
Published: December 2022

The object of research is the process of lubrication of marine trunk diesel engines. The subject of research is marine diesel engine oils, which provide lubrication, cooling and separation of friction surfaces.
The analysis of the operation of marine diesel engines using motor oils with different structural characteristics is carried out. The studies are carried out on Yanmar 6EY18AL diesel engines of a Multipurpose Vessel class ship with deadweight of 27540 tons. The objective of research is to determine the effect of the structural characteristics of the oil layer (contact angle and thickness) on the performance parameters of a marine diesel engine and the performance characteristics of the oil used in its circulating lubrication system. At the same time, the compression pressure, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases, and the temperature of the exhaust gases after the cylinder are considered as the operating parameters of the diesel engine; as performance characteristics of the oil – its Base Number, as well as its Wear and Contaminant Elements. The studies are carried out on two diesel engines of the same type, in the circulating lubrication system of which oils with different structural characteristics were used. Structural characteristics of the oil layer were determined by ellipsometry. The operational characteristics of the diesel engine – using the Doctor diagnostic system. Oil performance – by spectrographic analysis. It has been established that an increase in the contact angles of wetting and the thickness of the oil layer improves the heat and power and environmental performance of a diesel engine. At the same time (for the period of operation of diesel engines 500–1000 hours), the decrease in compression pressure in the cylinder slows down, the temperature of gases after the cylinder decreases, and the emission of nitrogen oxides with exhaust gases decreases. In addition, the wear of diesel parts and oil oxidation are reduced.
The information obtained in the course of the study on the structural characteristics of motor oils will provide the possibility of their selection and further use of those that will contribute to a better maintenance of the operational performance of marine diesel engines.
Reliability prediction of composite materials with random elastic inclusions
Authors: Kvit Roman
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is the construction of an algorithm that allows finding a number of strength (failure loading) statistical characteristics of a composite material plate under the conditions of a complex stress state. The relationships that determine the most probable value, mean value, dispersion and coefficient of variation of strength for an elastic homogeneous plate in which elliptical inclusions of another elastic material are uniformly distributed are written. Inclusions do not interact with each other and their geometric parameters are statistically independent random variables whose distribution laws are written for certain physical reasons.

The combination of the known deterministic solution of the composite materials failure theory and probabilistic statistical methods that take into account the randomness of the material structure makes it possible to study the failure of composite materials taking into account the stochasticity of their structure.

The main content of this article is the construction and analysis of the strength statistical characteristics algorithm of two-component lamellar composite materials. The mechanism of composite plate’s failure initiation in the inclusion is considered. The recorded relationships make it possible to calculate the most probable value, mean value, dispersion and coefficient of variation of strength and to investigate their dependence on the type of applied loading, structural heterogeneity of the composite and its dimensions (number of inclusions).

The obtained results allow effective assessment of the reliability of stochastically defective two-component composite structural materials under complex stress conditions. This is due to the fact that the combined consideration of defectiveness and randomness in the composite material structure as interconnected, inseparable phenomena open new opportunities for researching of the strength problem and failure of composite materials under various types of applied loading.
Application of the associative recovery method in the challenges of increase informativity of distorted images and detection of minor changes in stored samples
Authors: Husak Olena
Published: December 2022

The object of research is optical-electronic methods and related digital information processing. One of the most problematic areas is the reconstruction of missing parts of the stored data and the inability to detect minor changes in the stored samples, as well as the reconstruction of the entire corrected template from its incomplete version.
As part of the study, a correlation-optical approach to the problem of holographic associative memory was used, which made it possible to achieve highly efficient heteroassociative reconstruction of the entire corrected template from its incomplete version. The analysis of hologram models with phantom images and nonlinearly recorded holograms read in the associative mode shows a wide range of useful possibilities. It is primed not only in the tasks of reconstruction of data, but also in the case of insignificant changes in savings, highly effective heteroassociative reconstruction based on a non-interference mechanism. The analysis of the results of the correlation-optical approach to the problem of holographic associative memory shows that the described method opens up additional opportunities for solving the problems of detecting small changes in the object scene, which is important, in particular, for early registration of events and phenomena. It is related to the fact that the detection and localization of changes is carried out according to the difference in intensity across the image field (the effect of brightness inversion in the phantom image of referenceless hologram): the brightness of the image of the changed area is higher, and to a greater extent, the smaller the changes compared to the reference image. It should be especially noted that the specified properties of the nonlinear-holographic associative memory are realized not algorithmically, but physically, taking into account the fundamental nonlinearity of all natural processes, which is neglected when conducting a superficial (in the first approximation) analysis. Physical modeling of associative memory based on second-order holograms does not involve any circuit complications compared to the standard holographic procedure.
Analysis of metamorphism and tendency of coal seams and their hazardous properties
Authors: Rudniev Yevhen , Antoshchenko Mykola , Filatiev Mykhailo , Filatieva Elvira , Tarasov Vadym
Published: December 2022

The object of this study is coals of different stages of metamorphism. Currently, a situation has arisen when indicators developed to establish the consumer qualities of coal are used to predict the manifestation of hazardous properties of mine seams during mining operations. The need to consider the fuel for its working condition is due to different end goals between the establishment of consumer qualities of coal and the manifestation of the hazardous properties of mine seams. The condition and quality of coal after its preparation for use is significantly different from the condition in the mining area. Appropriate sample preparation changes the physical and chemical properties of coals, which determine the manifestation of the hazardous properties of mine layers during mining. To eliminate such a discrepancy, the quality indicators of coals were recalculated for their working condition, taking into account the yield of ash and moisture content for the mined mine seams, followed by an analysis of changes in the correlations be-tween the indicators. The indicators of the manifestation of the hazardous proper-ties of mine layers are borrowed from the characteristics of the quality of the fuel, reduced to a dry, ash-free state. Using these indicators, additional errors are introduced in advance into the accuracy of the prediction of the manifestation of hazardous properties during mining operations. The values of the indicators of the organic (combustible) part of the fuel serve as general reliable characteristics of its quality for the entire set of mine seams, but they cannot be used to predict the hazardous properties of a particular mine seam due to a decrease in the accuracy of their determination due to the unpredictable content of mineral impurities and moisture. The initial experimental data, which have been accumulated over several decades based on the experience of using coal for industrial purposes, are analyzed. On the basis of the conducted researches the peculiarities of the choice of indicators of metamorphic transformations of coal, which are used in parallel respectively to establish the quality of fuel and forecast the dangerous properties of coal seams, have been established. The discrepancies between the indicators of the degree of metamorphism used in the current regulatory framework for the safe conduct of mining operations, the state of fuel during mining operations in underground conditions.
Origin and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments core from Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers
Authors: Salem Zainab A. , Mohammed Abbas H. , Al-Saad Hamid T.
Published: December 2022

Due to the important area of the Tigris, Euphrates and Shatt Al-Arab rivers in Iraq, and the effect of pollutant to theses rivers, the object of study is the origin and sources of PAHs compounds in sediment core samples which collected in 2021 from six important stations that are (Tigris1, Tigris2, Euphrates1, Euphrates2, Shatt Al-Arab1, and Shatt Al-Arab2). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzes by using capillary gas chromatography. The results of PAHs shown in two pattern low and high molecular weight. The total PAHs ranged between 79.141 ng/g at station No. 6 to 3.830 ng/g at station No. 3. The rush to develop industries across the globe accelerates environmental damage brought on by many contaminants, including PAHs. Organic compounds in the PAHs class have two or more aromatic rings. PAHs can be pyrogenic, petrogenic, or biogenic depending on how they develop. Pyrogenic PAHs are produced when various fuels, oil and gas, waste, or other organic materials like fume from oil industries in the area. The investigation showed two patterns of sources petrogenic and pyrogenic with the petrogenic source predominating according to the ratios (low molecular weight/high molecular weight), anthracene/(anthracene+phenanthrene) and fluoranthene/(fluoranthene+pyrene). Additionally, findings indicated that sediment pollution is of a moderate pollution. By adhering to sedimentary particles, PAHs get into the sediments. Based on the physicochemical characteristics of each fraction and the surrounding environment, sediments also serve as a source for some contaminants that re-enter the water column. Lighter PAHs predominated in water samples, while heavier compounds predominated in sediment samples, according to several studies. In addition, it is difficult to remove the high concentrations of PAHs in riverine sediments brought on by industrial activity. While other research indicated significant PAHs pollution in a variety of global environments. Due to the fact that such research helps to lessen the obvious shortage of information regarding such pollutants in Iraqi rivers, this study gives as the baselines for coming research.
Observing the absorption of ultraviolet radiation from the sun by oxygen from the atmosphere as the cause of global warming
Authors: Casadiego Rogelio Pérez
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is global warming also called climate change, which is presented by the increase in the temperature of the planet. The main theory explains that heat on the planet is caused, after the solar constant by a so-called greenhouse effect, which is caused by gases from the atmosphere that absorb infrared energy emitted from the surface of the earth, so the problem of global warming, is described as an increase in the greenhouse effect, due to the increase of these gases. One of the most problematic places is that, based on the observation of the absorption spectrum of gases from the atmosphere, we know that the gases that absorb infrared radiation are only 0.04 %, the other 99.9 % does not absorb infrared radiation. In addition, 100 % of the gases in the atmosphere emit infrared radiation due to their kinetic movements, which allows to measure their temperature. In the course of research, the absorption spectrum of gases from the atmosphere is used to indicate that oxygen, which constitutes 21 % of the air, absorbs ultraviolet radiation, making it the main source of absorption of solar radiation from the atmosphere. In the future, the proposed approach should consider the absorption of ultraviolet by oxygen from the atmosphere, and physicochemical processes (ionization), to explain heat and the increase of this on the planet, in addition to electricity in the air, part of daylight, and forest fires.
Development of improved method for evaluation of reservoir properties of formation
Authors: Martus Olena , Agarkov Viktor
Published: December 2022

The object of research in the paper is the process of fluid transfer through the pore space of the reservoir rock. The traditional method of assessing reservoir properties has a significant number of sources of uncertainty. In this article, to compensate for the shortcomings of the existing method of reservoir characterization, an algorithm of actions is proposed with an increase in the accuracy and representativeness of its results.
The workflow of the pre-alpha version of the software for the existing pore space representation algorithm is presented. In this work, the step-by-step actions necessary to create an application that can reproduce the pore space and mass transfer processes in it by reading the data of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the rock were analytically determined. In particular, the use of ready-made open code is proposed, which displays the rock according to the pictures and also reproduces the fluid flow processes in the rock reservoir. Still, there is no adapted framework for the ordinary user.
The use of such an application, proposed by the authors, will lead to a much lower degree of the reservoir properties uncertainty, will help to more reliably reflect the reservoir properties of the reservoir rock, and provide a more reliable impression of the reservoir operation at the design stage of its development.
The proposed software, based on already existing developments in open access on the GitHub platform, will help the user to fully use the existing tools for building a three-dimensional model of a porous sample based on the data of MRI images of the rock.
After finalizing the user interface with the help of the user interface design and front-end development, the engineering staff will be able to conduct research on the rock at a macroscopic level.
Increasing the strength of building ceramics made on the basis of low-melting clays
Authors: Subbota Іrіna , Spasonova Larysa , Sholom Аnastasia
Published: December 2022

The object of the study is the physical and chemical processes of formation of the structure and properties, intensification of sintering of ceramic masses based on local raw materials (Krynichanska low-melting clay raw materials of the Kyiv region, Ukraine) by regulating the chemical and mineralogical composition and technological regimes. When choosing clay raw materials for specific ceramic technologies, it is necessary to be guided by a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical properties of clay rock. These can be the granulometric and material composition, including the chemical and mineralogical composition of the clay and impurity components, the presence of amorphous material. The state of order in the structure of clay-forming minerals is also important, the knowledge of which makes it possible to determine the ways of regulating the basic technological properties of clay rock in order to bring them to the required level.
Among physical and mechanical parameters, mechanical strength is one of the main criteria for determining the suitability of raw materials for the production of building ceramics. The conducted studies have shown that with an increase in the amount of rotten stone additive introduced from 10 to 20 % of low-melting clay, the mechanical strength of ceramic samples in compression and bending increases. The introduction of rotten stone additive provides an increase in the coefficient of sensitivity to drying low-melting clay raw materials, which has a positive effect on the crack resistance of raw bricks when drying clay rock in order to bring them to the required level.
The use of silica materials in the composition of ceramic masses based on low-melting clays as an additive to improve the physical and mechanical characteristics of the finished product has shown its effectiveness. This can be explained by the fact that the nature of the interaction of silica additives, which was used as rotten stone, differs from the interaction of clay minerals present in ceramic raw materials with water. Since silica exists in rotten stone in the form of amorphous silica gel, it helps to improve the structure of clay, makes it monolithic, increasing mechanical strength. The impurities of low-melting oxides, which are part of the rotten stone, contribute to the formation of low-melting eutectic, reducing the refractoriness of amorphous silica and have a positive effect on the sintering process, forming a glass phase.
Investigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical device strategy and firm performance
Authors: Msweli Buhlebenkosi Lunga , Chili Muntuwenkosi , Madzimure Jeremiah
Published: December 2022

The object of study is the importance of medical technology and healthcare delivery in the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many changes to the business, healthcare, and societal landscape. The changes have had varying effects on key industries, demanding them to realign to fit new pandemic-imposed environmental conditions. This study seeks to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical device strategy and firm performance of company X, and to provide recommendations and insights on strategies to ensure continuity post-pandemic. A qualitative analysis of the results from nine interviews with associates regarding the effects of COVID-19 on firm performance and strategy at company X was explored. The findings from a thematic analysis of the interview data are reported and related to the study's research objectives. Findings showed that the COVID-19 pandemic forced company X to adjust its strategy to align it with the changing environment. However, the data showed that the unknown nature and uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic environment meant that the realignment of strategy to the prevailing dynamics was unique. This study's key findings indicate that COVID-19 strongly influenced financial performance, which influenced firm performance significantly. In addition, financial performance measures were found to have more impact than non-financial performance measures such as strategic performance. The main recommendation emanating from the study was to improve the organization’s agility, versatility, and speed. This would be achieved through simplifying processes, streamlining decision-making, and enhancing speed in the market. Agility and versatility are necessary to overcome or take advantage of new developments from the pandemic and post-pandemic environment.
This research study can assist medical enterprises in other countries to stream their services and align strategy to meet the dynamic environment caused by the COVID-19.
The influence of professional judgment on the use of elements of the accounting method under the application of IFRS
Authors: Zasadnyi Bohdan , Mykhalska Olena , Feshchenko Yevheniya
Published: December 2022

The object of research is the accountant's professional judgment, which should be considered as an expression of opinion about the display of information about facts, events, operations of the company's activities in accounting and financial reporting in conditions of uncertainty, as well as the acquisition of responsibility for the results of decisions made on the basis of professional judgment. The expression of professional judgment is inevitable in accounting and reporting in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). When using the elements of the accounting method, the main tasks, results of application, as well as potential influencing factors on the formation of professional judgment are determined.The interdependence of individual elements of the accounting method and professional judgment in the conditions of application of IFRS lead to the emergence of information risks and the variability of the interpretation of accounting information by users when making management decisions. The variety of operations, facts and events of the company's activity requires the application of different methodological approaches to the formation of information, taking into account their specificities. Under such conditions, the lack of unambiguous recommendations and interpretations prompts the accountant to find its own well-founded position on the expediency of applying certain accounting procedures and methods to display information in financial statements. The availability of professional knowledge of the theory and methodology of accounting, compliance with ethical norms and competencies determines the level of application of professional judgment regarding the use of elements of the accounting method in the conditions of application of IFRS. The practical application of the obtained results will contribute to the determination of uniform methodological approaches in order to ensure the reliability of accounting information provided to users for making management decisions.
A review study on solar tower using different heat transfer fluid
Authors: Falahat Farah M. , Gomaa Mohamed R.
Published: December 2022

The object of research is distinguishing the different heat transfer fluids (HTF) in concentrating solar power (CSP). CSP technologies are gaining more attention these years due to the fact that the world is facing significant problems, especially concerning environmental issues and the increasing electricity demand. The world countries are currently committed to mitigating climate change and limiting greenhouse gas emissions to keep the global temperature rising below 2 °C. As a result, renewable energy sources are required for power generation. One of the most widely used technologies is the solar tower, where mirrors reflect solar radiation into a central receiver on top of a tower that contains a working fluid known as heat transfer fluid. The HTF is one of the most important components in solar power tower plants used to transfer and store thermal energy to generate electricity. This study focuses on the HTF used in solar power towers and how it can affect the efficiency of the plant. The HTF discussed in this study are air, water/steam, molten salts, liquid sodium, and supercritical CO2. Among the review of HTFs in the solar tower system, the result of the research shows that the Air can reach the highest temperature while liquid sodium achieves the highest overall plant efficiency.
Justification of approaches to development of the standard civil society organization based on international experience
Authors: Pylypko Kateryna , Adamchuk Leonora , Antoniv Artem , Sevin Sedat
Published: December 2022

The object of the research is the principles of the quality management system and the interaction of different approaches to the quality assessment of civil society organizations (CSOs). In many countries, regulatory documents have not been developed regarding the quality management of the CSO activities. Let’s consider this problem using the example of Ukraine, since there has been an increase in the number of public associations by more than 85,000 during the last decade. Along with it, the principles of implementing DSTU ISO 9001:2015 for non-commercial, in particular civil organizations, are not sufficiently clear, given the various socio-cultural and economic prerequisites.
Based on theoretical and analytical methods, it is proposed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the problem and further justification of the implementation of the practice of compliance with Quality Standards and good governance in civil society organizations. That is primarily due to the desire of CSOs themselves to self-organize, reinforced by the need to establish partnership relations with state authorities and commercial organizations, which is accompanied by the fulfillment of requirements for transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of CSOs activities. Adherence to Quality Standards forms a commitment on the part of CSOs to generally accepted ethical principles and standards of behavior, which further contributes to the achievement of social legitimacy.
Based on the analyzed regulatory and technical documentation, the need to develop a Quality Standard of Ukraine for CSOs based on the complementarity of different approaches to evaluating the quality of organizations according to the «Quality Standard of CSOs» and DSTU ISO 9001:2015 is substantiated.
The results of the analysis of registered public associations by organizational and legal forms in Ukraine confirm the tendency to increase their number, which is a prerequisite for the implementation of the international experience of using the CSO Quality Standard. Taking into account the results of a comparative assessment of the principles of the CSO Quality Standard and DSTU ISO 9001:2015, wit is possible to state that there are no differences in the main approaches to managing the quality system of organizations. The governance aspects of the Modified Organizational Capacity Assessment Tool are similar to those of the «Quality Standard of CSOs», based on the subcategories: authorities; values, vision, and mission of the organization; management style and leadership; strategic planning.
Design principles of digital-to-analog conversion in information transformation
Authors: Agayev Ferid , Karimov Javid , Mehdiyeva Almaz , Quliyeva Sevinj
Published: December 2022

The object of study is digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The meaning of DAC, their design and control of various types of switches, as well as some logic elements that can act as a switch, as well as the principles of DAC operation based on various series, microcircuits were considered. The resistance of a 4-bit DAC circuit was calculated and, accordingly, the change in the output voltage when applying the corresponding combined input voltage was studied, and a timing diagram was accordingly developed. Using 1-state and toggle physical switches, schematics are established and side effects are learned. Ladder circuit established using R–2R type dividers as voltage dividers. The object of the research is to find and learn the most technologically advantageous concept in order to provide good communication between all equipments by transferring information from digital to analog in the industrial field as well as in other areas where automation is used. One of the biggest challenges in this research is to determine the smallest binary values. Before the use of electronic logic elements such as counters, bistable physical switches were used to create a break or connect state in the circuit, which caused additional energy and time loss or abrasion because of large voltages occur across the switches. The biggest issue was that when manufacturing integrated digital-to-analog converters, producing the right resistors with very different values is really difficult. As a result of this research, it is seen that the use of physical switches is unnecessary as a demand of today's modern technology, and integrated microcircuits are good to replace them. The programming of digital-to-analog converters on programmable hardware devices such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi were mentioned. If to predict the near future, digital-to-analog transmission will be realized only by only using logic elements, and this will change both their energy efficiency and size for the better.
VISUALIDADES, IDENTIDADES E PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS: O SERTÃO E O RURAL POR MEIO DE CINEBIOGRAFIAS
Authors: Ribeiro Rios Edilene Alcântara , Gomes Antenor Rita
Published: December 2022

Este artigo procura discutir acerca de algumas conexões estabelecidas entre a Cultura Visual e representações das identidades sertanejas e rurais abordadas em produções do cinema biográfico brasileiro, focalizando o fato de tais visualidades, em suas multiplicidades de sentidos, se mostrarem como elementos extremamente ricos para subsidiar abordagens pedagógicas transversais e multidisciplinares. Tomaremos como suporte, para ancorar as discussões aqui suscitadas, imagens de uma das mais notáveis cinebiografias produzidas no Brasil na última década: Gonzaga – De Pai para Filho (2012).
AVALIAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO NÚCLEO AMPLIADO DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PARANÁ-RN
Authors: Valentim Regis de Souza , De Sena Neto Bernardino Galdino
Published: December 2022

A criação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família - ESF no âmbito da saúde pública brasileira melhorou efetivamente as políticas de Atenção Básica no país. E visando apoiar a consolidação e o aprimoramento da atenção básica no Brasil, surge o Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família - NASF, com o propósito de ampliar a abrangência das ações de atenção básica, bem como sua resolutividade. Esse estudo objetiva avaliar os impactos da implantação do NASF no município de Paraná-RN, propondo avaliar sua atuação através da avaliação dos serviços pelos profissionais da ESF, identificar a percepção dos profissionais do NASF em relação ao trabalho realizado por eles, evidenciar quais ações de promoção da saúde são realizadas pela equipe NASF e as limitações para sua efetivação, refletir sobre as perspectivas e os desafios do NASF quanto às práticas em saúde e analisar a implantação do NASF em termos de fragilidades e potencialidades. Oriundos do uso de pesquisa qualitativa, a análise dos dados pautou-se na análise de conteúdo. Foram utilizadas na coleta de informações, entrevista individual com questionário semiestruturado e análise documental. Emergiram sobre o objetivo de pesquisa ponderações sobre a falta de um trabalho mais consistente na formação de grupos com públicos alvos definidos, uma dificuldade em articular uma integração mais efetiva entre os profissionais do NASF-ESF, como também a falta de apoio por parte da gestão para a realização das atividades e dificuldades no transporte dos profissionais quando as ações acontecem na zona rural.
Composition and Possibility of Application in Practical Medicine of Exosom/Extracellular Vesicles from Multipotent Stromal Cells
Authors: Maiborodin Igor V. , Maslov Roman V. , Ryaguzov Maxim E. , Maiborodina Vitalina I. , Voevoda Mikhail I.
Published: December 2022

The therapeutic effect of multipotent stem cells (MSCs) is largely mediated by the secretion of exosomes/extracellular vesicles (EMSCs), which reflect the biophysical characteristics of MSC-producers and are considered more effective. The use of EMSCs can help overcome practical and ethical issues that limit cell therapy. The importance of EMSCs is also recognized because of their ability to transfer various proteins, DNA and RNA to target cells and change the behavior of them and neighboring cells. EMSCs contribute to cellular processes such as transcription, proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation. EMSCs are involved in the induction of angiogenesis, inhibition of fibrosis, stimulation of extracellular matrix remodeling, abolition of the local inflammatory response, and also in the regulation of immune cell activity. A deeper understanding of the content of EMSC and its dynamics may affect the study and treatment of various diseases. However, EMSCs, even obtained from MSCs of the same origin and cultivated under the same conditions, can differ significantly in their components and, accordingly, in efficiency. Modification, including genetic modification, of the initial cellular elements is of certain importance for purposeful and, therefore, predictable changes in the content of EMSCs, but this approach also does not solve the problem of sufficient standardization of their components. Perhaps more promising is the artificial creation of exosome-like structures with a predetermined composition and, as a result, an accurate and predictable effect.
Treatment of Parathyroid Cancer: Current Status and Near-Term Prospects
Authors: Kim Ekaterina I. , Krupinova Julia A. , Belousov Pavel V. , Trutneva Kseniya А. , Mokrysheva Natalya G.
Published: December 2022

Parathyroid cancer (PС) is a rare malignant neoplasm of the endocrine system, characterized by a severe course due to the development of life-threatening hypercalcemia. Despite a relatively high survival rate, recurrence occurs about half the time. The aggressive course of PС is associated with both local spread of the process and distant metastasis. With the exception of isolated cases, cytotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy are inefficacious, and treatment protocols have not been developed. Therefore the only effective way is the surgical removal of secondary lesions, which is not always technically feasible and is associated with a high risk of postoperative complications. The literature describes individual cases of successful use of targeted therapy, as well as immunotherapy in the form of therapeutic vaccination to induce an immune response against parathyroid hormone (PTH) and block immune checkpoint. A promising direction of study is the tumor immunoenvironment, which has both diagnostic and prognostic value in relation to the likelihood of the spread of the tumor process. In this review, we describe the main directions in the treatment of PC, including disseminated forms, the possibilities of immunotherapy will be considered in details.
Systemic Inflammatory Response as a Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer. Part I. Tumor-Promoting Inflammation. Serum Inflammatory Markers
Authors: Sergeeva Natalia S. , Karmakova Tatiana A. , Polyak Marianna A. , Alentov Igor I. , Kaprin Andrey D.
Published: December 2022

Chronic inflammation caused by exposure to external or internal factors increases the risk of developing malignancies and promotes tumor progression due to the influence on the key elements of carcinogenic mechanisms. At the system level signs of a chronic inflammation are manifested by an increase of inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins levels in the blood, a change in the ratio of circulating leukocyte populations, and disturbances in the hemostasis system. This review is devoted to serum and hematological parameters of the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) in breast cancer (BC). The first part of the review outlines general concept about the role of inflammatory factors in the development of malignant tumors. It provides information on the most well studied serum inflammatory markers in breast cancer: cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP). The main properties of these polypeptides, which link them with tumor-promoting inflammation, are considered. An analysis of the data on the clinical significance of the serum level of cytokines and CRP in breast cancer accumulated to date is presented. Correlations of the elevated levels of the serum inflammatory markers with clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease, tumor response to chemotherapy, overall and relapse-free survival of patients indicate the feasibility of in-depth investigation of the issue for the purpose of the practical application of the systemic inflammatory markers as predictive and prognostic indicators in BC.
DETERMINATION OF WALL HEAT FLUX BASED ON BUBBLE DEPARTURE AND LIFT-OFF DIAMETERS FOR VARYING PRESSURE AND FLOW VELOCITY CONDITIONS
Authors: Zenginer Mert Yalcin , Quadros Jaimon Dennis , Ozdemir I. Bedii
Published: December 2022

In this study, the bubble departure and lift-off (BDL) boiling model has been improved by implementing the subcooling suppression factor and flow-related parameters, with the aim of developing an accurate heat transfer model for various engineering applications. The BDL model has been exploited using a MATLAB program to determine the variation of wall heat flux that controls the boiling curve. Three different parameters, namely, bulk flow velocity, operating pressure, and bulk flow temperature have been considered in this study. Experimental conditions were simulated as per Chen's BDL model algorithm, and the resulting wall heat flux was compared with the measured values. Additionally, different boiling curves for bubble departure and lift diameters were generated and their effect on varying operating conditions was studied. The resultant boiling curves were compared with the experimental data by means of mean absolute error (MAE) and regression coefficient (R2) values. In general, with a reasonable margin of error, i.e., MAE = 3.35%, and R2 = 0.99, the algorithm performed well in comparison with the experimental data. The bubble departure and lift diameters were also correlated with the experiment and the predictions were satisfactorily close.
What makes the question relevant from the educational point of view? Reflections on the subject universe of education
Authors: Łopatkiewicz Agata
Published: December 2022

Is a question asked by an educational researcher an educational question? What makes the question relevant from the educational point of view? What is the significance of the way of thinking about the development of educational studies as a scientific discipline? The aim of the article is an attempt to formulate answers to these questions. They have been articulated in the context of reflection on the scope and content of the subject universe of educational studies. Distinguishing two basic ways of thinking about the development of this discipline – as an expansion and continuation – allows to bring out and highlight the differences in defining what is educational, and what has a reflection on the scope and content of research questions posed by educational researchers.
Universal philosophical education as an opportunity on de-ideologization of education in Poland? On the need and prospects of a new educational paradigm – in dialogue with Maciej Woźniczka
Authors: Płóciennik Michał
Published: December 2022

Maciej Woźniczka’s book is quite a radical reaction to the crisis of Polish education, one of the symptoms of which is the almost total marginalization of philosophical education – optionally possible, but virtually absent in real terms. The author makes an in-depth diagnosis of the Polish education system in the context of the tension between ideas and ideologies, observing its ideologizing deformations on three planes: worldview, ideology, and politics. As a remedy for this state of affairs, he proposes the introduction of universal and obligatory philosophical education, based on a previously culturally awakened need of philosophy, from school to academic education. In the author's intention, the issue is about the necessity to change the educational paradigm towards one that corresponds to worldview pluralism, in which real and universal philosophical education should play a key role. This presentation is an attempt to look at the philosophical and educational reflection of Woźniczka, to show its strengths and weaknesses, to assess the opportunities for conceptual and practical application, to indicate internal tensions and paradoxes that govern it, and to signal development prospects. It is complemented by source intuitions about the essence of education.
A question about peace in the thought of Gabriel Marcel
Authors: Krupska Marta
Published: December 2022

The main consideration of this analysis focuses on personalistic and existential thinking of Gabriel Marcel concerning the philosophical and ethical importance of peace. The aim of research is to present the inspiration from Gabriel Marcel’s thought for pedagogical reflection mutual relation between peace and education. The main research problem is analysis of the importance of the issue of peace that is present in the philosophy of Gabriel Marcel for reflection on personal development and education. The reflection process was conducted on the basis of an content analysis based in particular on Gabriel Marcel’s speech delivered on the occasion of the award Prix de la Pax granted by Union des Libraires allemands in 1964. The results of the analysis show that the source of peace is a genuine community between people. This spirit of community is manifested when each person finds in other person real existential qualities and values, when each person considers to be a value for the meaningfulness of its own being. We need an awareness of one’s own insufficience and a sense of humility makes real the role of the other for the self so that through interrelationship and intersubjectivity persons in actual situations promote availability and openness toward each other.
Education on the verge of changes. The process of education in terms of the cybernetic theory of character
Authors: Ziębacz Izabela
Published: December 2022

Contemporary change processes in the sphere of education are multi-context and determined by various factors. Undoubtedly, the factor organizing the discussion on the new model of education is the uncertainty related to the shape of the future. This uncertainty is caused by the direction of changes in the area of functioning and development of societies and the emergence of the knowledge-driven economy. These changes, in turn, are the result of the impact of mega trends, including the development of new information and communication technologies (ICT), globalization of various spheres of life, progressive phenomena of socio-economic polarization, cultural changes, acceleration of migration processes, etc. These changes set the framework for processes of education and upbringing generate numerous challenges in educational activity related to fundamental issues: how to teach? by what methods? What kind of results to expect? (Wasyluk et al., 2020). Educational institutions play an important role in this process, including universities, “where self-steering prevails over learning, externally guided” (Laurisz, 2022). M. Mazur’s (CTC) (1976) cybernetic character theory, pioneering on a global scale, is a proposition of a response to these educational challenges. This work is an attempt to use the CTC to identify the parameters of character of the studied students in the field of social work. The proposed solution may support didactic processes by optimally matching the efforts and capabilities of students to the needs of the education process.
Searching for new solutions in educational practices – design thinking as a method in high education for future pedagogists
Authors: Siemionow Justyna
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was likely to generate the greatest disruption in educational opportunity worldwide in a generation. This disruption has impacted the livelihoods of individuals, and the prospects of their communities. The international and interdisciplinary course was designed by two universities: from Poland and from Israel due to new challenges in high education to consider. The main idea of this course was to develop students’ creativity and innovation by design thinking method. The course also addressed student’s socio-emotional needs. The group of twenty-five education students from both countries took part in online weekly sessions during two months. The evaluation of this project indicated that students were really satisfied with participating in it and they achieved not only their professional goals but personal as well.
The Phenomenon of Imagination in Contemporary Education. Competence Essential for the Development of Children Supported by the Creative Visualisation Technique
Authors: Piasecka Małgorzata
Published: December 2022

The rapidly changing world forces the necessary changes in education consisting of the development of teaching strategies that prepare the student for unpredictable, non-standard, and fluid situations. The author discusses the problem of supporting competence essential for the development of school-age children and their functioning in such a world. The article may be of interest to early school education teachers, but not only. The strategy of education using imagination, which covers the method of designing educational opportunities, refers in the conducted research to competence triad, i.e. independence-innovativeness-cooperativeness. To support the said competence, the author constructed a technique of creative visualisation and developed an educational programme for two parallel groups based on the method of designing educational opportunities, and in one of the groups, an innovative factor in the form of creative visualisation techniques was implemented. In the research, the qualitative and quantitative style was used implementing participant observation, humanistic interpretation (works of art and statements) and tests for creative thinking (drawing and verbal). The qualitative analysis consisted of description and interpretation concerning the analysed set of competence with the use of their manifestation. The quantitative analysis aimed at answering the question about a significant increase in competence required the use of a method based on the t-Student test. The results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses showed the beneficial impact of creative visualisation in the area of the competence in question.
Selfie in the opinions of respondents in the Polish-Czech borderlands
Authors: Zajdel Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the selfie phenomenon among a significant percentage of young people. The main objective of my research took the form of questions: — how much of the study group takes selfies and posts them on social media? — how much does possible satisfaction/lack of satisfaction with life result in taking a selfie? Research strategy: two groups of students: from Poland and the Czech Republic. Purposive random selection. The research method is a diagnostic survey, the technique is a questionnaire, while the tool is a survey questionnaire consisting of extensive 15 questions. I found it interesting to compare the two groups of respondents, that is, young people from Poland and the Czech Republic. I tried to find out why they do so and whether it is due to, for example, satisfaction with life. I tried to look for differences on both sides of the border, if any.
How sensitive is the economy to large interest rate increases? Evidence from the taper tantrum
Authors: Sinha Nitish , Smolyansky Michael
Published: December 2022

The “taper tantrum” of 2013 represents one of the largest monetary policy shocks since the 1980s. During this episode, long-term interest rates spiked 100 basis points—a move unintentionally induced by policymakers. However, this had no observable negative effect on the overall U.S. economy. Output, employment, and other important variables, all performed either in line with or better than consensus forecasts, often improving considerably relative to their earlier trends. We conclude that, from low levels, a 100 basis point increase in long-term interest rates is probably too small to affect overall economic activity and discuss the implications for monetary policy.