bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Does Pnemococcus Kill?
Authors: Bergeron Yves , Bergeron Michel G
Published: May 2016

Acute lower respiratory tract infections remain the most common cause of death due to infection worldwide, and Streptococcus
pneumoniae is responsible for approximately 30% of all cases of community‐acquired pneumonia. While many
virulence factors have been associated with fatal pneumococcal pneumonia. there is growing evidence that some components
of the immune response contribute significantly to the high mortality rate. This paper reviews the major bacterial
virulence factors and pathogenesis steps that characterize fatal pneumococcal pneumonia, with a focus on the inflammation
that was observed from the initial infection to death in an experimental murine pneumonia model. These steps
involve the successive recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). monocytes and lymphocytes; the pulmonary
and/or systemic release of inflammatoty mediators that characterize the prebacteremic and bacteremic phases of
infection; and the participation of parenchymal cells in the host response. Although the kinetics of cytokines differ considerably
from blood to lung tissue to alveoli, and blood levels do not correlate to tissue levels, the kinetics of tumour necrosis
factor (TNF) and interleukin‐6 in blood, as well as TNF and nitric oxide in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid are
good indicators of the evolution of the disease. Nitric oxide release is biphasic and corresponds mostly to monocyte recruitment
in BAL fluid and concomitant serious tissue injury. Pneumococci activate leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. but
PMN recruitment is not primarily mediated by LTB4. Bacteremia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and lipid peroxidation
closely precede death. Knowledge of the chronology of microbiological and inflammatory events that occur during pneumonia
may help to design appropriate diagnostic tests that could be used to monitor the evolution of this deadly infection.
There has been an explosive growth in the use of biological response modifiers that may be given to treat
pneumonia. The proper use of these agents requires prior identification of biological markers in humans with pneumonia.
Transposons and Integrons: Natural Genetic Engineering of Bacterial Resistance
Authors: Roy Paul H
Published: May 2016

The advent of antibiotics in clinical medicine has resulted in the
emergence of multiresistant strains of bacteria. Bacteria possess
sophisticated mechanisms of genetic exchange that have driven
their recent evolution. Among these are transposons and integrons,
the latter having interesting parallels with genetic engineering
techniques used in the laboratory. An understanding of these
mechanisms through studies of the molecular basis of the
dissemination of resistance genes will aid rational choices in
antibiotic therapy.
T Cell Activation and Regulation of HIV‐1: Same Effectors with Distinct Outcomes
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Barbeau Benoit , Robichaud Gilles A , Tremblay Michel J
Published: May 2016

The molecular mechanisms that regulate the function of the immune system and human immunodeficiency virus type‐1
(HIV‐1) gene expression are diverse and complicated. However, replication of HIV‐1 is controlled by many of the same
regulatory signals that play a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of the immune system. For example, the viral
promoter, as is the case for the immune system, is subject to complex regulation by combinations of cellular transcription
factors that may quantitatively and/or qualitatively differ depending on cell types (eg, macrophages versus T lymphocytes)
and cell states (eg, undifferentiated versus differentiated or quiescent versus activated). The present review
discusses the regulation of HIV‐1 gene expression by nuclear factor‐kappa Band nuclear factor of activated T cells, and
proposes that selective interference of these two cellular transcription factors may be a route to abrogate virus replication
without disrupting normal cellular functions. A better understanding of the regulation of HIV‐1 gene expression is
of utmost importance for the design of molecular approaches that will effectively abrogate virus replication and, ultimately,
disease progression.
Topical Microbicides for the Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
Authors: Désormeaux André , Omar Rabeea F , Bergeron Michel G
Published: May 2016

The development of novel compounds to reduce the sexual
transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes and
other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has
become a topic of great interest. Condom use is the only readily
available measure to reduce successfully the propagation of these
infectious agents. To reduce significantly the probability of
acquiring infection, condoms should be used during all risky
sexual intercourse. More attention is being given to
female‐controlled methods for the prevention of HIV infection
because many women are unable to negotiate condom use with their
sexual partners. The development of topical microbicides
constitutes one of the most priori tized research areas in the
field of prevention of STDs/HIV for the World Health Organization,
the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. Because the number of women infected with
HIV, herpes and other pathogens causing STDs is growing
dramatically worldwide, there is an urgent need to develop
innovative preventive measures that can reduce the transmission of
these pathogens with minimal mucosa! irritation, and minimal
effects on the vaginal flora and pH. Some of the existing products
as well as promising new topical microbicicles for the prevention
of sexually transmitted infections are reviewed.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Raja Ram , Pandey Achyut Raj , Bista Bihungum , Joshi Suira , Devkota Surya
Published: May 2016

Objective. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in newly declared municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal.Design, Settings, and Participants. This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the municipalities of Kathmandu District, Nepal, between January and July 2015. Study participants were aged 18 to 70 years, residing permanently in the study sites. Municipalities, Wards, households, and respondents were selected randomly.Results. Of the 587 participants, 58.8% were females, mean (SD) age was 42.3 (13.5) years, 29.3% had no formal education, 35.1% were Brahmins, and 41.2% were homemakers. Prevalence of hypertension was 32.5% (95% CI: 28.7–36.3). Age, gender, education, ethnicity, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diabetes, menopausal history, and family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension were significantly associated with hypertension. In multivariable analysis, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and diabetes were identified as significant explanatory variables for hypertension.Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the people living in newly established municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal, have a high burden of hypertension as well as its associated factors. Therefore, community-based preventive approaches like lifestyle modification and early detection and treatment of hypertension might bring a substantial change in tackling the burden effectively.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γIs Critical to Cardiac Fibrosis
Authors: Liu Huang-Jun , Liao Hai-Han , Yang Zheng , Tang Qi-Zhu
Published: May 2016

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which plays a central role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PPARγagonists have potential to reduce inflammation, influence the balance of immune cells, suppress oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function, which are all involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis. Thus, in this review we discuss the role of PPARγin various cardiovascular conditions associated with cardiac fibrosis, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury, atrial fibrillation, and several other cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions, and summarize the developmental status of PPARγagonists for the clinical management of CVD.
Compartment Syndrome of the Hand: A Little Thought about Diagnosis
Authors: Reichman Eric F.
Published: May 2016

Compartment syndrome of the forearm is a well described entity but there have been relatively few case reports in the emergency medicine literature of hand compartment syndromes (HCS). Prompt recognition and treatment of this potential limb threat are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. Presented is a case of a documented hand compartment syndrome following a motor vehicle collision.
Optical Quality and Related Factors in Ocular Hypertension: Preliminary Study
Authors: Wang Yu-jing , Yang Yan-ning , Huang Lin-ying , Wang Bo , Han Yu-can , Yan Jiang-bo
Published: May 2016

Background.To evaluate the optical quality and related factors in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT).Methods.This was a prospective case-control study. A total of 12 eyes with OHT and 20 control eyes underwent testing with Optical Quality Analysis System II (OQAS II) to evaluate the modulation transfer function cut off frequency (MTF cutoff), the Strehl 2D ratio (SR), objective scatter index (OSI), tear-film mean OSI (TFOSI), and the OQAS values (OV100%,OV20%, and OV9%).Results.The optical quality of patients with OHT declined, with lower MTF cutoff (OHT 36.86 ± 7.11 cpd , controls 48.50 ± 4.04 cpd,t=-4.60,P<0.05), lower SR (OHT 0.22 ± 0.04, controls 0.27 ± 0.05,t=-2.72,P<0.05), lower OV100% (OHT 1.26 ± 0.25, controls 1.61 ± 0.14,t=-4.03,P<0.05), lower OV20% (OHT 1.27 ± 0.27, controls 1.72 ± 0.20,t=-4.00,P<0.05), and lower OV9% (OHT 1.30 ± 0.25, controls 1.69 ± 0.32,t=-2.28,P<0.05). There were not any statistically significant differences in OSI and TFOSI. The MTF cutoff in patients with OHT was correlated significantly with age (r=-0.59,P<0.05).Conclusions.Optical quality of patients with OHT is reduced, with lower MTF cutoff, SR, OV100%, OV20%, and OV9%. MTF cutoff is negatively related to age.
Beam Performance Optimization of Multibeam Imaging Sonar Based on the Hybrid Algorithm of Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and Convex Optimization
Authors: Xia Weijie , Jin Xue , Dou Fawang
Published: May 2016

It should be noted that the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) significantly influences the performance of the multibeam imaging sonar. Although a great amount of work has been done to suppress the PSLL of the array, one can verify that these methods do not provide optimal results when applied to the case of multiple patterns. In order to suppress the PSLL for multibeam imaging sonar array, a hybrid algorithm of binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and convex optimization is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the PSLL of multiple patterns is taken as the optimization objective. BPSO is considered as a global optimization algorithm to determine best common elements’ positions and convex optimization is considered as a local optimization algorithm to optimize elements’ weights, which guarantees the complete match of the two factors. At last, simulations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in this paper. Results show that, for a sparse semicircular array with multiple patterns, the hybrid algorithm can obtain a lower PSLL compared with existing methods and it consumes less calculation time in comparison with other hybrid algorithms.
Fluidization Characteristics of Medium-High-Consistency Pulp Fiber Suspensions with an Impeller
Authors: Daoxing Ye , Hong Li
Published: May 2016

When the mass concentration exceeds 7%, pulp suspensions stop flowing and act like a solid. To investigate the fluidization characteristics of medium-high-consistency pulp suspensions and achieve pulp fluidization and pumping, experiments were carried out with waste tissue pulp and unbleached kraft pulp. The objectives of this paper were to study the rheology of medium-high-consistency pulp and to determine accurate parameters for the physical Herschel-Bulkley model. To validate this model, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results were compared to experimental data. The simulation values were very similar and were in agreement with experimental results.
NK Cells, Tumor Cell Transition, and Tumor Progression in Solid Malignancies: New Hints for NK-Based Immunotherapy?
Authors: Cantoni Claudia , Huergo-Zapico Leticia , Parodi Monica , Pedrazzi Marco , Mingari Maria Cristina , Moretta Alessandro , Sparatore Bianca , Gonzalez Segundo , Olive Daniel , Bottino Cristina , Castriconi Roberta , Vitale Massimo
Published: May 2016

Several evidences suggest that NK cells can patrol the body and eliminate tumors in their initial phases but may hardly control established solid tumors. Multiple factors, including the transition of tumor cells towards a proinvasive/prometastatic phenotype, the immunosuppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment, and the tumor structure complexity, may account for limited NK cell efficacy. Several putative mechanisms of NK cell suppression have been defined in these last years; conversely, the cross talk between NK cells and tumor cells undergoing different transitional phases remains poorly explored. Nevertheless, recentin vitrostudies and immunohistochemical analyses on tumor biopsies suggest that NK cells could not only kill tumor cells but also influence their evolution. Indeed, NK cells may induce tumor cells to change the expression of HLA-I, PD-L1, or NKG2D-L and modulate their susceptibility to the immune response. Moreover, NK cells may be preferentially located in the borders of tumor masses, where, indeed, tumor cells can undergo Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) acquiring prometastatic phenotype. Finally, the recently highlighted role of HMGB1 both in EMT and in amplifying the recruitment of NK cells provides further hints on a possible effect of NK cells on tumor progression and fosters new studies on this issue.
Multishelled NiO Hollow Spheres Decorated by Graphene Nanosheets as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Improved Reversible Capacity and Cycling Stability
Authors: Chu Lihua , Li Meicheng , Wang Yu , Li Xiaodan , Wan Zipei , Dou Shangyi , Chu Yue
Published: May 2016

Graphene-based nanocomposites attract many attentions because of holding promise for many applications. In this work, multishelled NiO hollow spheres decorated by graphene nanosheets nanocomposite are successfully fabricated. The multishelled NiO microspheres are uniformly distributed on the surface of graphene, which is helpful for preventing aggregation of as-reduced graphene sheets. Furthermore, the NiO/graphene nanocomposite shows much higher electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 261.5 mAh g−1at a current density of 200 mA g−1after 100 cycles tripled compared with that of pristine multishelled NiO hollow spheres, implying the potential application in modern science and technology.
Three-Dimensional Ground Settlement Induced by Metro Tunnel Excavation Considering the Influence of Group Piles
Authors: Jin-feng Zou , Yan-jun Zhang , Han-cheng Dan
Published: May 2016

Considering the influence of group piles, a prediction model for three-dimensional ground surface settlement induced by circular metro tunnels excavation in incompressible rock masses is proposed based on the stochastic medium theory and the shear displacement method. The surface settlement caused by the metro tunnel opening is divided into two parts. One part is soil mass settlement caused by the metro tunnel opening and calculated by the stochastic medium theory. The other part is the settlement induced by the friction force between the group piles and the soil mass around the metro tunnel cross section and calculated by the shear displacement method. The three-dimensional prediction of the ground surface settlement is obtained by the linear superposition of the two parts. The validation of the proposed prediction approach is proved by comparing with the measured data and the numerical model of the double tunnels under thePuyuanoverpass where metro tunnels undercrossed group piles. The effects of buried depth, radial convergences, center distance of double tunnels, position and size of piles, and group piles are analyzed and discussed. The improved prediction approach can be applied to calculate the three-dimensional ground settlement, especially for the metro tunnels crossing through group piles.
Performance Assessment of a Hybrid Solar-Geothermal Air Conditioning System for Residential Application: Energy, Exergy, and Sustainability Analysis
Authors: Abbasi Yasser , Baniasadi Ehsan , Ahmadikia Hossein
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the performance of a ground source heat pump that is coupled with a photovoltaic system to provide cooling and heating demands of a zero-energy residential building. Exergy and sustainability analyses have been conducted to evaluate the exergy destruction rate and SI of different compartments of the hybrid system. The effects of monthly thermal load variations on the performance of the hybrid system are investigated. The hybrid system consists of a vertical ground source heat exchanger, rooftop photovoltaic panels, and a heat pump cycle. Exergetic efficiency of the solar-geothermal heat pump system does not exceed 10 percent, and most exergy destruction takes place in photovoltaic panel, condenser, and evaporator. Although SI of PV system remains constant during a year, SI of GSHP varies depending on cooling and heating mode. The results also show that utilization of this hybrid system can reduce CO2emissions by almost 70 tons per year.
Antifungal Activity ofLactobacillussp. Bacteria in the Presence of Xylitol and Galactosyl-Xylitol
Authors: Lipińska Lidia , Klewicki Robert , Klewicka Elżbieta , Kołodziejczyk Krzysztof , Sójka Michał , Nowak Adriana
Published: May 2016

Lactic acid fermentation is a natural method of antimicrobial food protection. Antagonistic activity ofLactobacillussp. bacteria, taking part in this process, is directed mainly against the same or other microorganisms. In this work we determine the impact of the presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol on the antagonistic activity of 60Lactobacillussp. strains against indicator molds (Alternaria alternata,Alternaria brassicicola,Aspergillus niger,Fusarium latenicum,Geotrichum candidum, andMucor hiemalis) and yeasts (Candida vini). We used double-layer method to select antifungal strains ofLactobacillusbacteria and poisoned medium method to confirm their fungistatic properties. Additionally, we examined the inhibition ofAlternaria brassicicolabyLactobacillus paracaseiŁOCK 0921 cultivated with xylitol or galactosyl-xylitol directly on wild cherries. The presence of xylitol and its galactosyl derivative led to increase of spectrum of antifungal activity in most of the studied plant-associated lactobacilli strains. However, no single strain exhibited activity against all the indicator microorganisms. The antifungal activity ofLactobacillusbacteria against molds varied considerably and depended on both the indicator strain and the composition of the medium. The presence of xylitol and galactosyl-xylitol in the growth medium is correlated with the antifungal activity of the studiedLactobacillussp. bacteria against selected indicator molds.
Perspective of Fe3O4Nanoparticles Role in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ghazanfari Mohammad Reza , Kashefi Mehrdad , Shams Seyyedeh Fatemeh , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza
Published: May 2016

In recent years, although many review articles have been presented about bioapplications of magnetic nanoparticles by some research groups with different expertise such as chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacology, and materials science and engineering, the majority of these reviews are insufficiently comprehensive in all related topics like magnetic aspects of process. In the current review, it is attempted to carry out the inclusive surveys on importance of magnetic nanoparticles and especially magnetite ones and their required conditions for appropriate performance in bioapplications. The main attentions of this paper are focused on magnetic features which are less considered. Accordingly, the review contains essential magnetic properties and their measurement methods, synthesis techniques, surface modification processes, and applications of magnetic nanoparticles.
An Encryption Technique for Provably Secure Transmission from a High Performance Computing Entity to a Tiny One
Authors: Mihaljević Miodrag J. , Kavčić Aleksandar , Matsuura Kanta
Published: May 2016

An encryption/decryption approach is proposed dedicated to one-way communication between a transmitter which is a computationally powerful party and a receiver with limited computational capabilities. The proposed encryption technique combines traditional stream ciphering and simulation of a binary channel which degrades channel input by inserting random bits. A statistical model of the proposed encryption is analyzed from the information-theoretic point of view. In the addressed model an attacker faces the problem implied by observing the messages through a channel with random bits insertion. The paper points out a number of security related implications of the considered channel. These implications have been addressed by estimation of the mutual information between the channel input and output and estimation of the number of candidate channel inputs for a given channel output. It is shown that deliberate and secret key controlled insertion of random bits into the basic ciphertext provides security enhancement of the resulting encryption scheme.
Screening of Bioactivities and Toxicity of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl
Authors: Paredes Paulo Fernando Machado , Vasconcelos Fábio Roger , Paim Raquel Teixeira Terceiro , Marques Márcia Maria Mendes , De Morais Selene Maia , Lira Sandra Machado , Braquehais Isabel Desidério , Vieira Ícaro Gusmão Pinto , Mendes Francisca Noelia Pereira , Guedes Maria Izabel Florindo
Published: May 2016

The caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome, is one of the most endangered vegetation systems in the planet. To be exploited rationally, its potential needs to be scientifically demonstrated. Among these is the faveleira, used in northeastern Brazil. It stands out for its extraordinary drought resistance and medicinal properties. The objective of this study was to assess the therapeutic potential of compounds extracted from Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl in preventing disease and its rational use as a herbal therapeutic tool. The methodology began with the collection and herborization of the plant material, to obtain the chemical compounds, preliminary phytochemical analysis, and extraction of the constituents of the active extracts. To determine the biological activities the authors conducted investigation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, inhibition capacity of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, and initial assessment of toxicity of the extracts. The results demonstrated great potential as an antimicrobial agent, an important antioxidant capacity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition response with no significant difference compared with the reference drug. The authors expect to develop a new herbal product, resulting in lower production costs and that, consequently, could be commercialized in more accessible form to the population, highlighting the risk reduction of contraindication of this category of medications.
Numerical Solution of First-Order Linear Differential Equations in Fuzzy Environment by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg Method and Its Application
Authors: Mondal Sankar Prasad , Roy Susmita , Das Biswajit
Published: May 2016

The numerical algorithm for solving “first-order linear differential equation in fuzzy environment” is discussed. A scheme, namely, “Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method,” is described in detail for solving the said differential equation. The numerical solutions are compared with (i)-gH and (ii)-gH differential (exact solutions concepts) system. The method is also followed by complete error analysis. The method is illustrated by solving an example and an application.
Neurological Complications after Lateral Transpsoas Approach to Anterior Interbody Fusion with a Novel Flat-Blade Spine-Fixed Retractor
Authors: Nunley Pierce , Sandhu Faheem , Frank Kelly , Stone Marcus
Published: May 2016

Introduction. The lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgical approach has potential advantages over other approaches but is associated with some unique neurologic risks due to the proximity of the lumbosacral plexus. The present study analyzed complications following LLIF surgical approach using a novel single flat-blade retractor system.Methods. A retrospective data collection of patients receiving LLIF using a novel single flat-blade retractor system at two institutions in the US. Inclusion criteria were all patients receiving an LLIF procedure with the RAVINE® Lateral Access System (K2M, Inc., Leesburg, VA, USA). There was no restriction on preoperative diagnosis or number of levels treated. Approach-related neurologic complications were collected and analyzed postoperatively through a minimum of one year.Results. Analysis included 253 patients with one to four treated lateral levels. Immediate postoperative neurologic complications were present in 11.1% (28/253) of patients. At one-year follow-up the approach-related neurologic complications resolved in all except 5 patients (2.0%).Conclusion. We observed an 11.1% neurologic complication rate in LLIF procedures. There was resolution of symptoms for most patients by 12-month follow-up, with only 2% of patients with residual symptoms. This supports the hypothesis that the vast majority of approach-related neurologic symptoms are transient.
Unique Presentation of Hematuria in a Patient with Arterioureteral Fistula
Authors: Mujo Tomas , Priddy Erin , Harris John J. , Poulos Eric , Samman Mahmoud
Published: May 2016

Active extravasation via an arterioureteral fistula (AUF) is a rare and life-threatening emergency that requires efficient algorithms to save a patient’s life. Unfortunately, physicians may not be aware of its presence until the patient is in extremis. An AUF typically develops in a patient with multiple pelvic and aortoiliac vascular surgeries, prior radiation therapy for pelvic tumors, and chronic indwelling ureteral stents. We present a patient with a left internal iliac arterial-ureteral fistula and describe the evolution of management and treatment algorithms based on review of the literature.
Differences in Outcomes in Prenatally Diagnosed Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Compared to Postnatal Detection: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mesas Burgos Carmen , Hammarqvist-Vejde Jenny , Frenckner Björn , Conner Peter
Published: May 2016

Objectives: To compare outcomes in pregnancies with a prenatal detection of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with children diagnosed after birth, treated at the same institution, and to determine the ability to predict prognosis through measurements of the observed to expected lung-to-head ratio (O/E LHR). Methods: This is a retrospective review of all children with CDH treated at our institution during 2006-2014. We compared outcomes of infants referred for surgery after postnatal diagnosis with outcomes of infants with prenatally diagnosed CDH. Results: In the prenatal group, O/E LHR was significantly different between survivors and deceased patients, with a cutoff at 35% O/E LHR. Survival to discharge and 1-year survival were significantly higher in the postnatal group that required intubation within 24 h; i.e., 92 and 89% versus 85 and 73% in the prenatal group (p < 0.05). There was less need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), 41 versus 60%, and patch, 41 versus 75% (p < 0.001), in the postnatal group with early diagnosis compared with the prenatal group, respectively. Conclusion: Children with prenatally diagnosed CDH represent a population with a more severe condition compared to infants diagnosed after birth. They have poorer outcomes with higher needs for ECMO or use of patch, and lower survival rates were observed at an O/E LHR below 35%.
Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Daughters of Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Magdalena , Zachurzok Agnieszka , Drosdzol-Cop Agnieszka , Bożętowicz-Wikarek Maria , Owczarek Aleksander , Gawlik Aneta , Chudek Jerzy , Skrzypulec-Plinta Violetta , Małecka-Tendera Ewa
Published: May 2016

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to assess whether circulating anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in daughters of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOSd) correspond with clinical and biochemical features of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology and menstrual cycle disturbances. Methods: Menstrual cycle disturbances, hirsutism, acne and ultrasonographic ovarian morphology were assessed in 75 girls aged 13-18 years (35 PCOSd and 40 daughters of healthy women). Serum gonadotropins, androgens, sex hormone-binding globulin and plasma AMH were measured in a fasting state, and the free androgen index was calculated. Results: A significant correlation between the AMH level and mean ovary volume was found (r = 0.36; p < 0.01). AMH levels were not related to hirsutism, acne and polycystic ovary morphology. Significantly higher AMH levels were found only in PCOSd with irregular menstruation or secondary amenorrhea. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that in that group for each 1-ng/ml increase in the AMH level, the odds ratio of the PCOS occurrence in the future was increased 1.27 times (95% CI: 1.09-1.47; p < 0.01). Conclusions: A higher AMH level in PCOSd is associated with menstrual cycle disturbances and larger ovarian volume but not with clinical and biochemical features of hyperandrogenism. Thus, the risk for PCOS development among genetically predisposed girls may be related to increased AMH levels.
Diagnosis of Severe Fetomaternal Hemorrhage with Fetal Cerebral Doppler: Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Bellussi Federica , Perolo Antonella , Ghi Tullio , Youssef Aly , Pilu Gianluigi , Simonazzi Giuliana
Published: May 2016

Objectives: To analyze the role of middle cerebral artery (MCA) peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the prediction of severe fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) and to compare it with standard biophysical assessment. Data Sources: Retrospective review of cases of FMH seen in our unit and systematic review of the literature. Results: We followed the MOOSE guidelines to review the literature. From 838 articles, 16 were selected. In total, 35 women, including 3 cases from our center and 32 obtained from the literature search were included. Diagnosis of FMH was always confirmed by laboratory tests. Patients were seen at 31 ± 5 weeks' gestation (range 16-39) and the most frequent indication for referral was decreased perception of fetal movements. Cardiotocography (CTG) upon admission was sinusoidal in 18 cases, nonreactive in 6, decelerative in 2 and tachycardic in one. MCA-PSV was abnormal in all cases but one. There were 2 perinatal deaths. The mean hemoglobin concentration at birth or at intrauterine transfusion was 4.8 ± 1.9 g/dl. Discussion: The most accurate predictor of FMH was fetal MCA-PSV. CTG was always abnormal but the pattern was frequently nonspecific. We suggest including fetal cerebral Doppler in the evaluation of patients with decreased fetal movements, particularly in those cases with ambiguous results of biophysical testing.
Role of HLA-DR Alleles to Increase Genetic Susceptibility to Onychomycosis in Nail Psoriasis
Authors: Carrillo-Meléndrez Hilda , Ortega-Hernández Esteban , Granados Julio , Arroyo Sara , Barquera Rodrigo , Arenas Roberto
Published: May 2016

Background: Patients with nail psoriasis have an increased risk of onychomycosis. Previous studies suggest it may be due to structural changes of the nails. However, a genetic predisposition seems to be also at play. Objective: To determine a genetic susceptibility for onychomycosis in nails with changes of psoriasis. Methods: This is a prospective case-control study of patients with suggestive changes of nail psoriasis with onychomycosis (cases) and without onychomycosis (controls) confirmed by mycological tests. HLA typing was performed in all of them by sequence-specific primers. Results: Twenty-five patients and 20 controls with a mean age of 50 years (range 37-72 years) were studied. HLA-DRB1*08 was found in 12 cases (48%) and only 3 controls (15%) [p < 0.033, odds ratio (OR) = 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-19]. HLA-DR1 was found in 9 cases (36%) and only 1 control (5%) (p < 0.023, OR = 8.5, 95% CI: 1-188). Conclusion: HLA-DR*08 and HLA-DR*01 probably increase the susceptibility to fungal infection in psoriasis-affected nails, but larger studies are required to confirm this observation.
РОЛЬ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ В ПРОФІЛАКТИЦІ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЇ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЇ
Authors: Verbitska L. Ya. , Yastremska S. O.
Published: May 2016

Гіпертонічна хвороба (ГХ) - найпоширеніше хронічне захворювання серцево-судинної системи, яке уражає людей в працездатному віці і призводить до розвитку важких ускладнень та інвалідизації. Контроль артеріального тиску - один з основних моментів лікування артеріальної гіпертензії. В цьому не останню роль відіграє робота медичної сестри з пацієнтами. В даній статті показано переваги медсестринського догляду за хворими з гіпертонічною хворобою разом у команді з лікарем.
КОКСАРТРОЗ: ВАРIАНТИ ЛІКУВАННЯ НА РІЗНИХ СТАДІЯХ ХВОРОБИ
Authors: MOROZ N. V. , ZARUDNA O. I.
Published: May 2016

У статті наведено епідеміологічні дані, причини, діагностику коксартрозу та переглянуто методи лікування на різних стадіях хвороби.
МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКИЙ ФАКТОР У ЗАСВОЄННІ АЛГОРИТМУ САМООБСТЕЖЕННЯ МОЛОЧНОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ
Authors: Platovska S. O. , Malanchuk L. M.
Published: May 2016

У статті висвітлено роль медсестри в профілактиці раку молочної залози. Акцентовано увагу на процесі навчання як середнього медичного персоналу, так і пацієнток.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СПІЛКУВАННЯ МЕДИЧНОЇ СЕСТРИ З ОСОБИСТІСТЮ ПАЦІЄНТА
Authors: Shyp S. I. , Yastremska S. O.
Published: May 2016

У статті подано характеристику поведінкових особливостей пацієнта та рекомендації майбутнім медичним сестрам у процесі професійної підготовки з основ медсестринства для індивідуального підходу до пацієнтів у мистецтві спілкування.
INFLUENCE OF TRIMETAZIDINE METABOLIC THERAPY ON CONNECTIVE TISSUE METABOLISM IN EXPERIMENTAL DIFFUSE ISCHEMIC NECROTIC CARDIOSCLEROSIS IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT RATES OF HYPOXIA RESISTANCE
Authors: Saturska H. S. , Bondarenko Yu. I. , Saturska U. V.
Published: May 2016

Background. The change in metabolism of the connective tissue elements of heart is the central chain in
pathogenesis of diffuse ischemic necrotic cardiosclerosis (DINC), which occurs after repeated epinephrine injury
of myocardial tissues.
Objective. This study proves that trimetazidine (TM) metabolic therapy has a protective effect on the
development of DINC in rats with different rates of hypoxia resistance.
Methods. Male white rats were divided into three groups due to the different rates of hypoxia resistance by
means of the method of hypobaric hypoxia: rats with low, middle and high rates of hypoxia resistance. Each
group was divided into equal subgroups: a control group, a DINC group (injections of epinephrine hydrotartrate
(0,5 mg/kg of body weight) and calcium gluconate (5 mg/kg of body weight) two times), a control group administrated
with trimetazidine dihydrochloride (10 mg/kg of body weight), a DINC group treated with TM every day
(10 mg/kg of body weight) for all period of observation. Concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood
serum was evaluated on the 7th, 14th and 30th days after the pathology simulation. Histological examination of
Masson trichrome staining of myocardium was performed on the 30th days after the pathology simulation.
Results. DINC increased the concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood serum on the 7th, 14th and
30th days after the pathology simulation, and followed by metabolic imbalances in diffuse connective tissue elements,
which are rich in collagens. DINC+TM increased the concentration of protein-bound oxyproline in blood
serum less intensively.
Conclusions. The intensity of metabolic imbalances in diffuse connective tissue elements is the highest in
the low resistant animals to hypoxia. Those results are confirmed by histological examination of the myocardium
of rats with different resistance to hypoxia. Fibrotic regions in myocardium are rich in collagens. It has been
revealed that the most pronounced therapeutic effect of TM is observed in animals with low resistance to hypoxia,
slight – in animals with medium resistance to hypoxia, and the lowest – in animals with high resistance to
hypoxia.
KEY WORDS: hypoxia, heart, diffuse cardiosclerosis, trimetazidine, oxyproline.
Dietary Interventions, Cardiovascular Aging, and Disease
Authors: Mirzaei Hamed , Di Biase Stefano , Longo Valter D.
Published: May 2016

Recent studies indicate that dietary interventions have the potential to prevent and even treat cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death. Many of these studies have focused on various animal models that are able to recreate one or more conditions or elevate risk factors that characterize the disease. Here, we highlight macronutrient-focused interventions in both mammalian model organisms and humans with emphasis on some of the most relevant and well-established diets known to be associated with cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. We also discuss more recent dietary interventions in rodents, monkeys, and humans, which affect atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases with focus on those that also delay aging.
Right Ventricular Functional Reserve in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hsu Steven , Houston Brian A. , Tampakakis Emmanouil , Bacher Anita C. , Rhodes Parker S. , Mathai Stephen C. , Damico Rachel L. , Kolb Todd M. , Hummers Laura K. , Shah Ami A. , McMahan Zsuzsanna , Corona-Villalobos Celia P. , Zimmerman Stefan L. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Hassoun Paul M. , Kass David A. , Tedford Ryan J.
Published: May 2016

Background—

Right ventricular (RV) functional reserve affects functional capacity and prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH) has a substantially worse prognosis than idiopathic PAH (IPAH), even though many measures of resting RV function and pulmonary vascular load are similar. We therefore tested the hypothesis that RV functional reserve is depressed in SSc-PAH patients.

Methods and Results—

RV pressure-volume relations were prospectively measured in IPAH (n=9) and SSc-PAH (n=15) patients at rest and during incremental atrial pacing or supine bicycle ergometry. Systolic and lusitropic function increased at faster heart rates in IPAH patients, but were markedly blunted in SSc-PAH. The recirculation fraction, which indexes intracellular calcium recycling, was also depressed in SSc-PAH (0.32±0.05 versus 0.50±0.05;
P
=0.039). At matched exercise (25 W), SSc-PAH patients did not augment contractility (end-systolic elastance) whereas IPAH did (
P
<0.001). RV afterload assessed by effective arterial elastance rose similarly in both groups; thus, ventricular-vascular coupling declined in SSc-PAH. Both end-systolic and end-diastolic RV volumes increased in SSc-PAH patients to offset contractile deficits, whereas chamber dilation was absent in IPAH (+37±10% versus +1±8%,
P
=0.004, and +19±4% versus –1±6%,
P
<0.001, respectively). Exercise-associated RV dilation also strongly correlated with resting ventricular-vascular coupling in a larger cohort.

Conclusions—

RV contractile reserve is depressed in SSc-PAH versus IPAH subjects, associated with reduced calcium recycling. During exercise, this results in ventricular-pulmonary vascular uncoupling and acute RV dilation. RV dilation during exercise can predict adverse ventricular-vascular coupling in PAH patients.
Increasing Incidence of Hospitalization for Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Young Adults: A Registry‐Based Study
Authors: Tibæk Maiken , Dehlendorff Christian , Jørgensen Henrik S. , Forchhammer Hysse B. , Johnsen Søren P. , Kammersgaard Lars P.
Published: May 2016

Background

Studies have reported increasing incidence of ischemic stroke in adults younger than 50 to 55 years. Information on temporal trends of other stroke subtypes and transient ischemic attack (
TIA
) is sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal trends of the incidence of hospitalizations for
TIA
and stroke including sex‐ and subtype‐specific trends in young adults aged 15 to 30 years.

Methods and Results

From the Danish National Patient Register, we identified all cases of first‐ever stroke and
TIA
(age 15–30 years) in Denmark, who were hospitalized during the study period of 1994 to 2012. Incidence rates and estimated annual percentage changes (
EAPCs
) were estimated by using Poisson regression. During the study period, 4156 cases of first‐ever hospitalization for stroke/
TIA
were identified. The age‐standardized incidence rates of hospitalizations for stroke increased significantly (
EAPC
1.83% [95%
CI
1.11–2.55%]) from 11.97/100 000 person‐years (
PY
) in 1994 to 16.77/100 000 
PY
in 2012.
TIA
hospitalizations increased from 1.93/100 000 
PY
in 1994 to 5.81/100 000 
PY
in 2012 and after 2006 more markedly in men than in women (
EAPC
16.61% [95%
CI
10.45–23.12%]). The incidence of hospitalizations for ischemic stroke was markedly lower among men, but increased significantly from 2006 (
EAPC
14.60% [95%
CI
6.22–23.63%]). The incidences of hospitalizations for intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage remained stable during the study period.

Conclusions

The incidence rates of first‐time hospitalizations for ischemic stroke and
TIA
in young Danish adults have increased substantially since the mid 1990s. The increase was particularly prominent in the most recent years.
Trends in Acute Ischemic Stroke Hospitalizations in the United States
Authors: Ramirez Lucas , Kim‐Tenser May A. , Sanossian Nerses , Cen Steven , Wen Ge , He Shuhan , Mack William J. , Towfighi Amytis
Published: May 2016

Background

Population‐based studies have revealed declining acute ischemic stroke (
AIS
) hospitalization rates in the United States, but no study has assessed recent temporal trends in race/ethnic‐, age‐, and sex‐specific
AIS
hospitalization rates.

Methods and Results

Temporal trends in hospitalization for
AIS
from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among adults ≥25 years using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Age‐, sex‐, and race/ethnic‐specific and age‐adjusted stroke hospitalization rates were calculated using the weighted number of hospitalizations and
US
census data. From 2000 to 2010, age‐adjusted stroke hospitalization rates decreased from 250 to 204 per 100 000 (overall rate reduction 18.4%). Age‐specific
AIS
hospitalization rates decreased for individuals aged 65 to 84 years (846 to 605 per 100 000) and ≥85 years (2077 to 1618 per 100 000), but increased for individuals aged 25 to 44 years (16 to 23 per 100 000) and 45 to 64 years (149 to 156 per 100 000). Blacks had the highest age‐adjusted yearly hospitalization rates, followed by Hispanics and whites (358, 170, and 155 per 100 000 in 2010). Age‐adjusted
AIS
hospitalization rates increased for blacks but decreased for Hispanics and whites. Age‐adjusted
AIS
hospitalization rates were lower in women and declined more steeply compared to men (272 to 212 per 100 000 in women versus 298 to 245 per 100 000 in men).

Conclusions

Although overall stroke hospitalizations declined in the United States, the reduction was more pronounced among older individuals, women, Hispanics, and whites. Renewed efforts at targeting risk factor control among vulnerable individuals may be warranted.
Bolivian Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae): three new species and a species checklist
Authors: ATAHUACHI MARGOTH , VAN DER BENT M. LEONTIEN , WOOD JOHN R.I. , LEWIS GWILYM P. , HUGHES COLIN E.
Published: May 2016

Three new species of Mimosa (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) M. chiquitaniensis, M. chochisensis and M. rastrera, two of them endemic to Bolivia, and the third also occurring in Brazil, are described and an annotated species checklist for the genus in Bolivia is presented. This brings the tally of species of Mimosa recorded from Bolivia to 55 (plus five doubtful species to be confirmed), an increase of ca. 50% since the monographic account of the genus published just over 25 years ago.
Resurrection of Scolopendra longipes Wood and Scolopendra cubensis Saussure from synonymy with Scolopendra alternans Leach (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae): an enigmatic species-group needing phylogeographic analysis, with an overview on the origin and distribution of centipedes in the Caribbean region
Authors: MERCURIO RANDY J.
Published: May 2016

Resurrection of Scolopendra longipes Wood, 1862, and Scolopendra cubensis Saussure, 1860, from junior synonymy with Scolopendra alternans Leach, 1815, is proposed. A neotype specimen of Scolopendra longipes is designated. Scolopendra longipes has a restricted range from the Dry Tortugas up through the Florida Keys of Monroe County into the mainland Florida counties of Collier and Dade southeast to the Bahamas, while Scolopendra cubensis is endemic to Cuba. Characters distinguishing S. longipes, and S. cubensis from S. alternans are illustrated and compared using digital photography, micrography and morphometric data. It is suggested that what has been considered Scolopendra alternans from southern Florida through the Caribbean and into northern South America is probably an evolving species-group that has undergone major diversification sometime during the Paleocene and early Eocene ~65.5–50 million years ago (Ma), mainly due to geographic isolation caused by a combination of plate tectonics and 100,000 year cycles of glaciation/deglaciation.
Review of the genus Rhaphiocerina Lindner (Diptera: Stratiomyinae), with description of a new species
Authors: LI ZHU , YANG DING , ZHANG TINGTING
Published: May 2016

Genus Rhaphiocerina is revised and discussed. The known species R. hakiensis (Matsumura, 1916) is redescribed and illustrated. A new species, Rhaphiocerina chinensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated. A key is presented to separate the known genera in Stratiomyinae from China.
The Taiwanese species of the genus Paraphloeostiba Steel, 1960 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Omaliini)
Authors: SHAVRIN ALEXEY V. , SMETANA ALEŠ
Published: May 2016

Paraphloeostiba formosana sp. n. from Taiwan is described. Paraphloeostiba sonani (Bernhauer, 1943) is redescribed, the lectotype of Phloeonomus sonani Bernhauer, 1943 is designated. Both species are illustrated. A key to the species of Paraphloeostiba Steel, 1960 of Taiwan is given.
Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) and the proper correction of the German umlaut
Authors: KULLANDER SVEN
Published: May 2016

In a re-description of the South Asian fish species Nemachilichthys ruppelli (Sykes, 1839a) Keskar et al. (2015) noticed—as also pointed out by Kottelat (2012)—that the original spelling of the species name was rupelli [actually: Rupelli, with regular font and capital R], but that information in Sykes (1839a: 162) showed clearly that the species was named for [Eduard] Rüppell with the explicit dedication "I have dedicated this beautiful little fish to Rüppell, who did me the favor to look over my drawings ...” Rüppell is also mentioned twice on page 159. Sykes’s (1839a) paper was reprinted in Sykes (1839b) with exactly the same spelling, but there the species name appears in italics. A third publication by Sykes (1841), based on the same material, also uses the spelling Rupelli for the species, but does not mention Rüppell.