bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Views, Knowledge, and Self-Reported Practices of Early Childhood Educators: Sociocultural Theory’s Practicability
Authors: Peker Canan , Akcabağ Esra , Tonga Çabuk Funda Eda
Published: August 2024

Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory is a well-known theory that focuses on the cognitive development by combining it with a social perspective. In the literature, Sociocultural Theory is seen as an alternative to the traditional theories of cognitive development in early childhood education. Teachers' perceptions of the theory may be important in the children's learning process. The current study aims to investigate the views, knowledge, and self-reported practices of early childhood educators regarding the practicability of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory. Phenomenological research design, as a qualitative research method, is applied. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews with early childhood educators who worked in private kindergartens in Ankara, and convenience sampling is used to reach the participants. Two researchers analyzed the data with the thematic analysis method. The findings show that although participants used some of the implications of the theory, they do not have explicit information about the implications, especially about the scaffolding and peer learning. It is recommended that more support and training regarding the theory, especially peer learning and scaffolding, should be offered to the in-service teachers.
Carbon Stock of Australian pine (Casuarina equisetifolia) in Cemara Sewu Beach Jetis Cilacap
Authors: Ayuningtyas Fitria Ramadhani , Yani Edi , Sudiana Eming
Published: August 2024

Global warming is the increase in temperature in the atmosphere, sea and land. The increase in carbon or greenhouse gases is one of the causes of global warming. One solution to reduce the presence of greenhouse gases is to increase carbon stock. Beach is home to the richest ecosystems in the world and many components of the vegetation that store large amounts of carbon stock. Carbon compounds in the atmosphere are absorbed and metabolized. The metabolic products are stored in tree biomass. One of the trees that can be relied on as a stock carbon is those located at Cemara Sewu Beach, Cilacap. Cemara Sewu Beach is one of the beach that has a relatively large amount of stored carbon potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the carbon stored in several types of trees at Cemara Sewu Beach.
     The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling using without destroying. The sampling of Australian pine tree stands is grouped into certain diameter class. The coastal area was made into three research stations and each study was made into 5 replicated plots measuring 20 m x 20 m and placed on a transect line with a distance of 5 meters each. All of the Australian pine were plotted as samples. The independent variable in this study was the diameter class of Australian pine, while the dependent variable was carbon stock. The main parameters observed were tree density, trunk diameter and the number of individuals for each tree species were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with an error rate of 5%.
   The results of the research on the diameter class of Australian pine greatly affect the presence of biomass and carbon stock. The results obtained that carbon stocks in diameter class 15-20 store 74,914 ton.ha-1, diameter class 21-25 as many as 164,599 ton.ha-1, diameter class 26-30 as many as 270,372 ton.ha-1, diameter class 31-35 store stocks carbon 462,478 ton.ha- 1 and in the diameter class 36-40 store as much as 462,478 ton.ha-1. The larger the class diameter, the greater the carbon stock produced. The diameter class of Australian pine stands has a relationship between biomass and carbon stock, and has an exponential relationship.
Authors: Yunita Dewi , Dewi Ratna Stia , Ahmad Riza Zainuddin
Published: August 2024

Coal mining in Indonesia generally carried out with an open system that has an impact on environmental damage. One strategy to control these problems by using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). This study aimed to determine the effect of AMF inoculum on the growth of maize plants and to determine the optimum dose of AMF on maize plant growth using ex-mining soil as a planting medium.This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 doses of AMF (0, 100, 150, 200 g) by using ex-coal mined soil medium which consisted of  three repetition. The independent variable was the dose of AMF and the dependent variable was the ability of AMF to infect roots. The main parameter observed was the degree of root infection, while the supporting parameters were plant dry weight, number of leaves and height of corn plants. Data were analyzed using Variance Analysis (ANOVA) test with a standard error of 5% and tested with Honestly Significant Different (HSD). The results showed that the AMF dose treatment on the ex-coal mined land had an effect on the growth of corn plants at 42 days after planting. AMF has a positive effect on the growth of corn plants. The dose of 100 g/polybag is an effective dose to increase the growth of corn plants on ex-coal mining soil. The dose of 200 g/polybag gave the best results on plant height, number of leaves and dry weight of corn plants.
Authors: Nahdatulia Yasinta , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Wibowo Eko Setio
Published: August 2024

Jamur Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) mengandung komponen bioaktif seperti terpenoid, polisakarida, nukleotida, sterol, steroid, asam lemak dan protein/peptida yang memiliki potensi obat. Senyawa bioaktif G. lucidum sebagai anti inflamasi berhubungan dengan supresi ekspresi NF-κB yang merupakan regulator ekspresi gen mediator inflamasi. Pelepasan mediator inflamasi yang tidak terkontrol berdampak negatif pada ginjal sehingga dapat menyebabkan disfungsi ginjal. Peningkatan kadar ureum dan kreatinin merupakan salah satu biomarker disfungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan dosis efektif ekstrak G. lucidum terhadap penurunan kadar ureum dan kreatinin darah tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar yang diinduksi Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, dan P3) diberi perlakuan ekstrak jamur G. lucidum dengan variasi dosis 250, 500, 750 mg.kg-1 BB dengan lima kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar ureum dan kreatinin sebagai penanda fungsi ginjal. Data pengukuran kadar ureum dan kreatinin dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol G. lucidum mampu menurunkan kadar kreatinin dan ureum tikus yang diinduksi inflamasi CFA. Ekstrak etanol G. lucidum dengan dosis 750 mg.kg-1 BB dapat menurunkan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada tikus dengan rata-rata kadar kreatinin 0,75±0,32 mg.dL-1 dan urea sebesar 57,50±4,82 mg.dL-1 dengan penurunan kadar kreatinin dan ureum dibandingkan kontrol negatif sebesar 60,93% dan 20,16%. Ekstrak etanol G. lucidum dengan dosis 750 mg.kg-1 BB efektif dalam menurunkan kadar ureum dan kreatinin pada tikus yang model inflamasi yang diinduksi CFA.
Authors: Amelia Aurora Pradipta , Ekowati Nuraeni , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina
Published: August 2024

Abstrak
Jamur shiitake (Lentinula edodes) merupakan salah satu jenis jamur pangan yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder dengan potensi sebagai bahan obat. Metabolit sekunder jamur dapat diperoleh dengan cara ekstraksi dari tubuh buah, miselium, maupun filtrat kulturnya. Pertumbuhan dan produksi metabolit sekunder jamur dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor eksternal seperti pH dan waktu inkubasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai pH dan waktu inkubasi yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan miselium jamur L. edodes serta golongan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental RAL Faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu faktor pH (pH 3, 4, 5, dan 6) dan waktu inkubasi (15, 20, 25, dan 30 hari) sehingga terdapat 16 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Variabel bebas penelitian berupa pH dan waktu inkubasi, serta variabel terikat berupa pertumbuhan miselium dan golongan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan. Parameter utama penelitian ini adalah bobot kering miselium dan golongan metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan, serta parameter pendukung berupa pH akhir medium pertumbuhan. Data bobot kering miselium dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji lanjut DMRT pada tingkat ketelitian 95%, sedangkan data identifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH medium dan waktu inkubasi dapat memengaruhi peningkatan pertumbuhan miselium jamur L. edodes, namun tidak ditemukan interaksi antara keduanya. Nilai pH yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan miselium L. edodes berada pada kisaran pH 5-6 dan waktu inkubasi yang optimal berada pada kisaran waktu 20-30 hari. Berdasarkan uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, miselium dan filtrat kultur jamur L. edodes diketahui mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dari golongan alkaloid, terpenoid, dan flavonoid.
Kata kunci: Lentinula edodes, metabolit sekunder, pH, waktu inkubasi.
Chemical and Organoleptic Characteristic Banana Stem Chips Made from Kepok Banana (Musa Acuminata sp.) and Raja Banana (Musa acuminata sp.)
Authors: Irawansyah Dedy , Mushollaeni Wahyu , Rahmawati Atina
Published: August 2024

The potential for banana stems to be processed into food products is very large, considering that their utilization is still low so far. One of the processed foods that is popular with the public is chips. Chips have been produced from various types of tubers, but industries that process banana stems into chips are still very rare. If processed properly, banana stem chips can provide quite large profit opportunities. Banana stem chips have a high fiber content which makes them unique as a variety of snacks to meet dietary fiber needs. This study aims to obtain a combination of types of bananas with soaking time using salt, which can produce banana stem chips with the best fiber, water, ash and organoleptic content. The research design used a randomized block design with the first treatment being the type of banana stem (kepok and plantains) and salt concentration (2, 4, and 6%). Variations in the treatment of giving salt baths with levels of 2%, 4% and 6%. The best treatment was P1K3, which was a type of kepok banana soaked in 6% salt with chemical characteristics of 16.98% fiber content, 4.56% moisture content, 0.77% ash content. The organoleptic test showed that the average consumer expressed a real level of liking with a texture value of 4.70; aroma of 4.67; color of 4.63; and taste of 4.64.
A Continuing Care Program at Home on Caregiver’s Role for Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wangsawat Tidarat , Chemama Nisreen , Hayee Fusiyah , Jehloh Latifah , Jaisomkom Anyapaksorn , Tongnuang Patcharawadee , Hayeese Wanisa , Kuiburd Thussaneeya , Pratiwi Hikmi Muharromah
Published: August 2024

Caregivers should have adequate caring roles knowledge of children to increase the quality of life of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Aim: To develop and evaluate the effect of a home-based continuing care program on the role of caregivers for children with CHD. This pilot study was a quasi-experiment with one group pre-posttest without control group design and conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 in Narathiwat, Pattani, and Yala. Thirty caregivers were recruited using a multistage random sampling technique. The program covered teaching, demonstration, and feedback equipped with a manual of CHD for six weeks. The self-developed caregiver role questionnaire was provided to evaluate caregiver care roles. The paired t-test was applied to evaluate the different scores of the caring roles before and after the program with the significant p value < 0.05. The scores of the caregivers’ roles for children with CHD after receiving the program were significantly higher than the scores before receiving the program (t = 6.20, p < .001). Continuing care programs enhance caring roles related knowledge of children with CHD. This program is recommended to apply continuously for caregivers of children with CHD at the outpatient or as part of discharge planning
Effect of Virtual Reality in 360 degrees Video to Improve Standard Precautions Compliance amongst Nursing Students
Authors: Triyanto Endang , Kusumawardani Lita Heni , Jauhar Muhamad , Rasdiyanah Rasdiyanah , Rohana I Gusti Ayu Putu Desy , Rachmawati Utami
Published: August 2024

Nursing students need effective learning methods to improve their abilities and skills in achieving competency. Virtual care reality in 360o videos is an alternative solution to a real and concrete learning method. This study aims to determine the effect of virtual care reality in 360o (VCR 360o) videos on compliance with standard precautions in nursing professional students. The study used a randomized control trial with the sample of 32 students for each group was obtained through a random sampling technique. This research was conducted at two state universities in Indonesia in 2022 and provided an intervention in the form of a 360o VCR for 17 minutes at least three times in each video containing material on standard precautions. A standard precautions compliance questionnaire was employed to investigate the main variable with a further analysis using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of the VCR 360o on increasing standard precautions compliance among students (p = 0.004). The research results are expected to be applied in the learning process of nurses in tertiary institutions and other learning topics.
PENENTUAN UKURAN SAMPEL MENGGUNAKAN RUMUS BERNOULLI DAN SLOVIN: KONSEP DAN APLIKASINYA
Authors: Majdina Nadhilah Idzni , Pratikno Budi , Tripena Agustini
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT. The research discussed a sample survey to draw the population inference based on the sample from that population. There are several techniques to take a sample size, but here we focused to  use the Bernoulli’s and Slovin’s formula. This study aims to: (1) reconstruct the Bernoulli’s and Slovin’s formula and (2) examine the conditions (properties) in using the Bernoulli’s and Slovin’s formula. Here, we used a simple random sampling (SRM). Furthermore, both the reconstruction of Bernoulli's and Slovin's formula used the SRM as a sampling technique. This is due to the simple random sampling is a sampling technique that does not try to reduce the effect of variation or variance of data (on estimation errors). The results showed that the Bernoulli’s formula is used to determine sample size which estimates the infinite population proportion. Here, the assumption of the level of confidence is any values and the variance of the population is given as   with p is any real value of the proportion between 0 and 1. Meanwhile, the Slovin’s formula is used to determine the sample size which estimates the finite population proportion with the confidence levels from 87%<=1-\alpha<=99%, where p is better to be 0.5. This is due to it will produce the maximum samples.Keywords: Bernoulli’s Formula, Solvin’s Formula, sample size, and survey sample.
ABSTRAK. Riset ini membahas survei sampel dalam upayanya menarik kesimpulan populasi berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh dari sampel dalam populasi. Beberapa teknik sampling untuk menentukan ukuran sampel relatif banyak sehingga riset ini difokuskan untuk menggunakan ukuran sampel berdasarkan metode (rumus) Bernoulli dan Slovin. Selanjutnya, riset ini dilakukan untuk: (1) merekonstruksi rumus Bernoulli dan rumus Slovin dan (2) mengkaji ketentuan penggunaan (properties) dari kedua metode (rumus) tersebut, Bernoulli dan Slovin. Pada riset ini, metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling (SRM), yang mana model ini digunakan sebagai teknik sampling yang mendasari rekonstruksi rumus Bernoulli dan rumus Slovin. Hal ini, karena SRM merupakan salah satu teknik sampling yang tidak mengurangi pengaruh variansi atau keragaman data pada kesalahan estimasi. Hasil penelitian referensi menunjukan bahwa metode Benoulli dipakai estimasi ukuran sampel infinite population proportion. Pada konsep ini, asumsi keragaman populasi yang dimasukkan dalam perhitungan adalah pq/n  dengan nilai p diambil sembarang, dan error ditentukan peneliti. Sedangkan metode Slovin dipakai untuk menentukan estimasi ukuran sampel finite population proportion, dengan tingkat kepercayaan adalah 87%<=1-\alpha<=99%, dimana nilai  tidak boleh mendekati 0 atau 1, tetapia  mendekati 0,5 merupakan pilihan terbaik yang menghasilkan sampel terbanyak.Kata Kunci: Metode Bernoulli, rumus Slovin, survey sampel, dan ukuran sampel
Pelatihan Literasi untuk Meningkatkan Kecakapan Hidup Siswa SMAN 30 Jakarta
Authors: Rahmat Candra Prasiska , Sugara Hendry
Published: August 2024

Data dari survei PISA menunjukkan bahwa angka literasi di Indonesia terbilang mengkhawatirkan. Dari 65 negara, Indonesia berada di peringkat 64. Tak hanya itu, dilansir dari data UNESCO faktanya tingkat minat baca orang Indonesia sangat memprihatinkan, yakni hanya 0,001 persen. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa hanya satu dari setiap 1.000 orang Indonesia yang gemar membaca. Rendahnya tingkat literasi sepatutnya sudah menjadi alarm bagi masyarakat khususnya bagi pemerintah. Karena hal itu menunjukan adanya kemunduran dari sumber daya manusia di Indonesia, terutama di kalangan remaja atau siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan atau training yang berupa latihan membaca dan memamhami bahan bacaan, latihan menulis dan pemanfaatan pojok baca maupun memberikan motivasi untuk memanfaatkan perpustakan sekolah. Dari hasil pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan wawancara, diketahui bahwa kegiatan pelatihan literasi memberi pengaruh positif terhadap kesadaran literasi bagi siswa khususnya di lingkungan SMA Negeri 30 Jakarta. Dampak yang diharapkan dari kegiatan tersebut adalah meningkatnya motivasi membaca siswa dengan memanfaatkan pojok literasi, perpustakaan sekolah serta meningkatnya kemampuan membaca pemahaman dengan meringkas sehingga dapat meningkatkan kecakapan hidup dalam merancang masa depan agar lebih baik.
Analisis Peran Relawan Pajak Dalam Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Pelaporan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Ava Indriani  , Utaminingtyas Tri Hesti , Khairunnisa Hera
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the role of tax volunteers in 2023 in increasing individual taxpayer reporting compliance at KPP Pratama Pasar Rebo. The research method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. The choice of qualitative research design in this study was to reveal events and facts that are relevant to the research title, so that the author can represent the data that has been collected regarding the role of tax volunteers in increasing wpop reporting compliance at KPP Pratama Pasar Rebo. The analysis technique used in this research is a qualitative analysis technique. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interview and documentation techniques. The research results show that the involvement of tax volunteers in reporting the Annual SPT at KPP Pratama Pasar Rebo has a very important role. The involvement of tax volunteers is considered very helpful and has a positive impact on taxpayers' understanding, shortens queuing time, and increases reporting efficiency. Similarly, based on documentation and interviews conducted by researchers with Tax Extension Staff, Tax Volunteers from Uhamka and Tax Volunteer Advisors, it shows that the services provided by tax volunteers can realize wpop compliance in reporting Annual Tax Returns. However, the increase in individual taxpayers with the involvement of tax volunteers in reporting Annual Tax Returns at KPP Pratama Pasar Rebo still requires improvement. This shows that there are still obstacles and needs for improvement in increasing the effectiveness of tax volunteer involvement, socialization is not yet optimal, tax volunteer skills development is low, and aspects of service quality still need to be improved.
Pengaruh Employee Stock Ownership Program (ESOP), Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Umur Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Keuangan
Authors: Yuniawati Silvia , Prihatni Rida , Sumiati Ati
Published: August 2024

Optimal financial performance is crucial for the sustainability and growth of a company. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP), leverage, company size, and company age on financial performance. The population in this study includes 44 transportation entities registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. This research utilizes additional data, specifically audited annual financial reports from 2020-2022, which are accessible through the IDX website. The purposive sampling technique was applied in the sampling process of this study, resulting in 114 data observations. Data were processed using IBM SPSS version 26 software, which was used for time series data testing and multiple linear regression analysis. This study found that ESOP has a positive impact on financial performance, company age has a negative effect on financial performance, while leverage and company size do not show a significant influence on financial performance.
Regulatory changes in waste management following the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plan
Authors: Szamek Gabriella
Published: August 2024

This study reviews Hungary’s implementation of the European Union’s circular economy action plan and related waste regulations, including amendments to national law. In particular, it outlines the new waste management system, extended producer responsibility, and the binding return fee scheme. Further, this paper highlights the enormous significance of waste management from an environmental perspective and related challenges.
Legal regulation facilitating the transition to a circular economy in the legal system of Slovakia
Authors: Michalovič Matúš
Published: August 2024

This chapter explores Slovakia’s transition to a circular economy within the framework of its membership to and the influence of the European Union (EU). Despite the implementation of robust environmental policies, significant gaps remain, including the marked lack of a raw material strategy. This chapter scrutinises legal regulations, revealing a convergence of circular economic initiatives regarding waste management. After analysing specific strategic documents impacting Slovakia’s transition to a circular economy, this chapter examines crucial legal regulations, with a primary focus on waste management. A key finding underscores the interdependence of Slovakia’s circular economy transition and advancements in waste management. However, progress is hindered by several challenges, particularly in terms of the need for mandatory changes in waste management practices looming to meet both EU and national goals. There is also a clear legislative gap in other areas that need to be actively addressed before the country can transition to a circular economy. In this respect, this chapter highlights a positive development: a collaborative effort in formulating a circular economy roadmap, one identifying impactful reforms in economic instruments, the construction sector, and the food and bio-waste value chain. This chapter concludes by calling for a cohesive and strategic approach, advancing the need for Slovakia to adopt a long-term vision and strict implementation timetable to champion a circular economy embodying sustainability principles.
Complex de novo structural variants are an underestimated cause of rare disorders
Authors: Rahbari Raheleh , Jung Hyunchul , Yang Tsun-Po , Walker Susan , Danecek Petr , Garcia-Salinas Omar , Neville Matthew D C , Cortés-Ciriano Isidro , Firth Helen , Scally Aylwyn , Hurles Matthew , Campbell Peter
Published: August 2024

Complex de novo structural variants (dnSVs) are crucial genetic factors in rare disorders, yet their prevalence and characteristics in rare disorders remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of whole-genome sequencing data of 12,568 families, including 13,698 offspring with rare diseases, as part of the UK 100,000 Genomes Project. We identified 1,872 dnSVs, constituting the largest dnSV dataset reported to date. Complex dnSVs (n=158; 8.4%) emerged as the third most common type of SV, following simple deletions and duplications. We classified 65% of these complex dnSVs into 11 subtypes, based on the classification established through the analysis of cancer whole genomes. 1.4% of probands with neurodevelopmental disorders harbour at least one complex dnSV, a rate two times higher than previously reported. Intriguingly, 12% of exon-disrupting pathogenic dnSVs and 22% of de novo deletions or duplications previously identified by array-based or exome-seq methods were found to be complex dnSVs. This study highlights the importance of complex dnSVs in rare disorders and demonstrates the necessity of careful genomic analysis to avoid overlooking these variants.
Bioinspired mechanical energy storage and non-dissipative release in hierarchically swollen and entangled hydrogels
Authors: Ikkala Olli , Savolainen Henri , Hosseiniyan Negar , Piedrahita-Bello Mario
Published: August 2024

Living tissues possess synergistic mechanical properties that facilitate specific functions. Unlike toughening allowed by promoted mechanical energy dissipation, by contrast, dissipation is minimized for mechanical energy storage and efficient release, such as facilitating animal jumping. Nature shows such resilient materials, e.g., resilin, and elastin, characteristically involving small strain with high stiffness. Such properties have rarely been achieved in synthetic hydrogels, even if hydrogels are considered analogous to living soft tissue. We show bioinspired resilient hydrogels with high energy storage at small strains and high stiffness upon repeated hydrogel swellings in mixtures of monomers, crosslinkers and water with subsequent photopolymerizations up to 7 hierarchical levels N. Towards higher N, the chains are progressively more coiled and entangled around the stretched chains of lower N, leading to hierarchical swelling. By controlling N, the approach allows to surpass even biological proteins for efficient energy storage. We show generality and application potential for soft robot jumpers.
Optimizing Vegetation Plantation for Carbon Sequestration and Water Consumption: A Case Study on the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway
Authors: PI Chengling , SHU Anping , RUBINATO Matteo , ZHANG Ziru , ZHANG Xin , Xiao Yulong , CHRISTIAN Huarez
Published: August 2024

Efficient vegetation planting is essential in highway construction to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent ecological degradation. However, carbon sequestration has rarely been considered in previous optimization models for planting strategies in these environments. To address this gap, this study focuses on selecting five predominant shrub species—Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Amorpha fruticosa, and Lespedeza bicolor—typical of the Linyi section of the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway. The study quantifies the carbon sequestration rates and water consumption of these species to demonstrate their contribution to climate change mitigation. Field data were collected in spring, summer, and autumn using the LI-6800 portable photosynthetic system. The NSGA-II was subsequently adopted to establish an optimal model, considering constraints of a planting area of 1000 m² and a water consumption limit of 1067.9 mm. Based on the recorded datasets and the implementation of NSGA-II, the optimized vegetation planting structure for this area comprised Ailanthus altissima (21%), Robinia pseudoacacia (30%), Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (11%), Amorpha fruticosa (26%), and Lespedeza bicolor (12%). By adopting this novel solution, the carbon sequestration capacity per square kilometer increased by 541 kg, while water consumption decreased by 104 mm. This manuscript exemplifies achieving a balance between ecological and economic benefits through an optimized and targeted vegetation planting structure on highway slopes. Local and national authorities can use these results to implement similar strategies in different areas.
Maximum Excess Heat Production by Pair Annihilation of Ionic Vacancies
Authors: Sugiyama Atsushi , Miura Makoto , Oshikiri Yoshinobu , Morimoto Ryoichi , Miura Miki , Osaka Tetsuya , Mogi Iwao , Yamauchi Yusuke , Aogaki Ryoichi
Published: August 2024

Ionic vacancies created in an electrode reaction freely transfer like gas molecules in free space without collisions of water molecules in the electrolyte solution. Based on the kinetic model of gases, the collision process between the ionic vacancies with opposite charges was theoretically examined, and to calculate the maximum excess heat emitted by their pair annihilation, the diagram of the maximum collision efficiency against vacancy collision-cross-section was established from the previous data. Then, using double and triple bipolar Pt-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrodes as well as a single one, we measured the maximum excess heat of the pair annihilation of monovalent vacancies in a ferricyanide-ferrocyanide redox reaction (FFRR) under a magnetic field of 15 T. The measured excess heats were in good agreement with the excess heats determined from the diagram.
Survival in Export Markets: Experience, Informal Network and Productivity
Authors: Tomasi Chiara , Roner Cristian
Published: August 2024

The paper explores the influence of learning processes and firms characteristics on the survival of export relationships for the universe of exporters belonging to an Italian region, Trentino. Exploiting the information for a long time period, between 2001 and 2019, the analysis unravels the distinct role played by previous experience and experimentation built up by an exporter for the success and survival of export relationships. Learning effects, especially at product rather than at destination level, are relevant to decrease the hazard rate. Being part of an informal network with other firms exporting the same product to the same destination contributes to increase the duration of export transactions. We further find evidence of the crucial role played by firms’ productivity in increasing the survival probability of export flows.
JEL codes: F14, C14, C41, D22, L25
Andrographolide enhances the antitumor activity of cisplatin by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in bladder cancer
Authors: Xuan Lei , Bi Ran , Song Junnian , Zhu Yingjie
Published: August 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor of urinary system worldwide. Resistance to cisplatin(CDDP) in advanced bladder cancer leads to reduced survival rates. Andrographolide(Andro), an active ingredient extracted from Andrographis paniculate, has been reported to have multidimensional pharmacological properties. Here we report the therapeutic effect of Andro and CDDP on BC. BIU87 Cisplatin resistant (BIU87-CISR) cells were exposed to Andro or CDDP in different concentrations in vitro. In vivo, the subcutaneous tumor bearing (BIU87-CisR cells) mouse model was constructed. The results indicated combination therapy of Andro and CDDP significantly inhibited BIU87-CisR cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Andro treatment alleviated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BIU87-CisR cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment enhanced inhibition of Andro on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The molecular docking was also used to support the above results. Taken together, Andro enhanced the effect of CDDP therapy by modulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to reduce EMT in cisplatin resistant bladder cancer cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Andro as an adjuvant drug in the treatment of BC.
Redox-Active Inverse Crowns for Small Molecule Activation
Authors: Harder Sjoerd , Maurer Johannes , Klerner Lukas , Mai Jonathan , Stecher Hannah , Thum Stefan , Morasch Michael , Langer Jens
Published: August 2024

The discovery of crown ether host-guest systems initiated the multidisciplinary field of supramolecular chemistry. Whereas cyclic crown ethers selectively bind metal cations in their center, the lesser known inverse crowns are rings of metal cations that efficiently bind anionic entities. In this role, inverse crowns enabled spectacular multiple deprotonation reactions, often with unusual selectivity. Self-assembly of the inverse crown around the multiply charged carbanion during the deprotonation reaction is the driving force for this reactivity. Here, we report on the synthesis of a pre-assembled inverse crown consisting of Na+ cations and a redox-active Mg0 center. We demonstrate its bifunctionality by reducing N2O and subsequent encapsulation of O2ˉ. Calculations reveal that this essentially barrier-free process involves a rare N2O2ˉ dianion, embedded in the inverse crown. The inverse crown can adapt itself for binding larger anions like N2O22ˉ, by extending the ring of metals cations. These redox-active inverse crowns combine the advantages of a strong reducing agent with anion stabilizing properties provided by the ring of metal cations, leading to high reactivity and selectivity.
Prognostic role of S100A9 expression and CD8+ T cells infiltration and their interaction in RCC
Authors: Ma Bo , Zhang Yifei , Zhu Wenliang , Tao Yiran , Yao Bing , Li Qian , Wang Dejuan , Qiu Jianguang
Published: August 2024

Background: Renal carcinoma is common and highly malignant, it is not sensitive to chemo-radiotherapy, leading its poor progression. Currently, S100A9 was found to be associated with several human malignancies. The purpose of this study is to investigate S100A9 expression in renal cancer and explore its role in cancer progression and its interaction with CD8+T cells.
Methods: We analyzed the subcluster and differentiation states of monocytes and CD8+T cells in RCC and their cellchart based on integrated scRNA-seq data. S100A9 expression and percentage of CD8+T cell infiltration in RCC tissue samples from 79 patients were assessed by immunohistochemistry.
Results: Monocytes were categorized into 5 clusters and S100A9 was mainly expressed by inflammatory cells on monocytes C1-1 in human RCC tissues, is a terminal status of monocytes and low expressed with immune checkpoints reported on monocytic cells. CD8+ T cells were defined into 5 clusters. Next, we identified strong interactions among Mono-C1-1 and ACT/CTL/EXT clusters with NAMPT-(IGTA5+IGTB1) and slightly interaction with VEGF pathway. Statistical analysis showed that a high percentage of S100A9 cells infiltration (> = 10%) in cancer tissues was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Further investigation found that S100A9 distribution in RCC was negatively related to CD8+ T cells infiltration.
Conclusions: Our results showed S100A9 was mainly expressed in monocytes, while S100A9 in RCC is associated with poor prognosis and negatively related to CD8+ T cells infiltration by NAMPT-(IGTA5+IGTB1) and VEGF pathway.
Family Phenotypic Profile in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Giorgio Valentina , Foggia Chiara Di , Quatrale Giovanna , Margiotta Gaia , Stella Giuseppe , Proli Francesco , Leoni Chiara , Onesimo Roberta , Passali Giulio Cesare , Contegiacomo Andrea , Zampino Giuseppe , Gasbarrini Antonio , Gaetani Eleonora
Published: August 2024

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal dominant vascular disease, characterized by arteriovenous malformations (AVM), mucocutaneous telangiectasias and epistaxis. The management of pediatric patients is currently based on limited literature. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether the severity of HHT in affected children could be compared to their parents ‘phenotype, sharing the same genetic variants. We collected data about 11 pediatric patients and their parents with a confirmed diagnosis of HHT, from the medical records of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Rome, Italy). Starting from the analysis of the genotype-phenotype correlations among pediatric patients and their affected parents, we found that in three families (33,3%) the HHT presentation was similar between affected adults and affected siblings. In six families (67,7%) HHT phenotype was different between parents and children, being frequently more severe in parents rather than in children. Our results revealed a series of evidence confirming that HHT has variable phenotypic expressiveness.
Dynamic Modeling and Kinematics Verification for Quadruped Robot
Authors: Omar Abdullah , Rabie Ahmed , Thabet Doha , Abdellatif Ibrahim , Elsayed Kariman , Elbadawy Marwa , Shalaby Raafat
Published: August 2024

Legged robots rely on dynamic locomotion to navigate through unstructured environments and perform tasks effectively. Through a continuous cycle of lifting each leg off the ground with every step, these robots effortlessly traverse uneven terrain. Quadruped robots, a subset of legged robots, stand out for their ability to maintain stable ground contact using multiple points, allowing them to adapt to diverse landscapes and environmental challenges. This capability expands the robot's reach, enabling locomotion in areas that would otherwise be inaccessible. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of kinematics and dynamics for quadruped robots. The study focuses on deriving forward and inverse kinematics equations to describe the robot's motion, alongside discussions and comparisons of different dynamical models including the Rigid body model, Centroid model, Single rigid body model, and Linear Inverted pendulum model. Additionally, finite element analysis with ANSYS is made which allowed for a detailed examination of structural performance between two leg models: Nova and Spot Mini. This analysis revealed that Spot Mini showed higher stress tolerance and deformation resistance compared to Nova. Moreover, Forward Kinematics has been verified using Peter Corke's robotics toolbox and Gazebo physical simulator. The results illustrate the optimal base height of the robot based on the error calculated between both simulators' given data.
Contextualizing Parthenium abundance with hydro-edaphic conditions and native plant species in different land systems in Baringo, Kenya
Authors: Sainepo Bernice Mereina , Behn Kai , Becker Mathias
Published: August 2024

Invasive species are a threat to biodiversity, altering ecosystem balances by affecting native species. Parthenium hysterophorus is a highly invasive weed that was introduced recently to Kenya, where it is rapidly spreading, particularly in the lowland areas around Lake Baringo in the semi-arid Rift Valley. The recent conversion of rangelands to crop fields created new habitats for the establishment of Parthenium, while the development of infrastructures (roads and irrigation canals) constituted seed dispersal corridors. The emergence of these new spatial-temporal patterns of land systems may differentially affect the dynamics of Parthenium spread and its ecological and economic implications. To understand the determinants and dynamics of Parthenium spread and their effects on native plant communities, we assessed the floristic composition in rangelands, croplands, and key infrastructures, and the hydro-edaphic properties associated with Parthenium abundance. Subsequently, we related Parthenium infestation to changes in the floristic composition in different land systems and seasons, based on 525 observation plots.
We recorded 63 species from 19 families. Perennial monocotyledonous species dominated the rangelands, while annual dicotyledonous species were associated with highly disturbed croplands and roadsides. Invasive Parthenium was recorded in all types of land use and infrastructures, except for the wet sodic grasslands. Hydro-edaphic conditions strongly affected the abundances of Parthenium. Densities and relative cover of Parthenium were highest during the wet season, in irrigated croplands, and along irrigation canals (38 individuals/ m2), with compacted poorly drained Gleysols and Fluvisols soils and shallow water tables. At high levels of Parthenium invasion, we observed a 50% reduction in the cover of native vegetation, with a differential displacement of specific native species. While several annual weedy species co-occurred with Parthenium, high abundance of Parthenium and C4-grasses tended to be mutually exclusive. Thus, Parthenium not only affected the biomass and cover of the native vegetation but also reduced the quality of rangeland and fallows for ruminant grazing. With progressing land system shifts towards intensified irrigated agriculture, and with the projected wetter futures with climate change in East Africa, Parthenium will increasingly affect the native vegetation in Baringo and in similar environments of East Africa.
The Physiological Activities, Layout, Spectrum, and Electrochemical Properties of Fe(Ii), Zn(Ii), and Co(Ii) Compounds, Include Pyrazine.2-carboxylic Acid Ligand and 2,2'-bipyridine
Authors: Kadhiravan S. , Veeravelan K. , Heryanto Heryanto , Elavarasan A.
Published: August 2024

Elements analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and cyclic voltammetry have been used to characterize a new Iron (II), Zinc (II), and Cobalt (II) complex [Fe(II), Zn(II), Co(II)] complexes that contain 2,2'-bipyridine and pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid ligand. The interaction of this Fe (II), Zn (II), and Co (II) complex with calf thymus DNA techniques employed in fluorescence spectroscopy was investigated by UV-visible absorption. UV-Vis absorption studies yielded intrinsic binding constants (Kb) for the complex with CT-DNA of 1.9 x 104 and 2.1 x 104M− 1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacilli cereus pathogens were assessed for their antibacterial effectiveness against a range of microorganisms using nanosystems to determine the ligand and complex antibacterial activity.
Development of an in vitro method to assess the immunogenicity of biologics in the prevention of infectious diseases
Authors: Baran Joanna , Lukasz Kuryk , Mariangela Garofalo , Marta Prygiel , Aleksandra Zasada , Teresa Szczepińska , Anna Staniszewska , Deepak Kala , Piotr Majewski , Radosław Charkiewicz , Staniszewska Monika
Published: August 2024

We present a series of preclinical studies focusing on developing in vitro 2D and 3D models for assessing the immunogenic factors in preventing infectious diseases. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Calu-3 cell lines (bronchial epithelial cells) were used to develop 2D and 3D models. Peptides: Spike-S1-His, nucleocapsid-His and adjuvants: human adenovirus 5 serotype-based viral vector (AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L), armed with inducible co-stimulator (ICOSL) and CD40 ligand (CD40L), and a vector lacking these transgenes (AdV5/3) were used due to their effective initial interaction with antigen-presenting cells (APC).
Studying biologics’ potency in vitro showed a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ TCM, CD4+TEMRA, and CD4+TEM lymphocyte subpopulations involved in memory cell generation after 24-h treatment. Prolonging the exposure for 7 days significantly increased the number of CD4+ T and CD19+ B lymphocytes. RNA-Seq analysis of PBMC cells in the 3D model demonstrated gene overexpression (including FGFR4) associated with the Rap1 pathway in the sample exposed to AdV1+S-His+N-His. Thus, the proposed platform's impact on lymphocyte differentiation was confirmed, and cytokine profile analysis in this sample revealed elevated levels of IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-8. All samples exposed to AdV1 showed increased levels of IFN-γ. Safety studies of the vaccine platform demonstrated that a 30-day exposure did not impact mice's survival or organ morphology. The safety and biodistribution of the biologics were confirmed in in vivo studies.
The research resulted in the development of a method providing a reliable assessment of immunogenic factors under in vitro conditions. By establishing a 3D in vitro model using PBMCs and Calu-3 cells, the research shed light on the dynamics of the immune responses to novel adenovirus-based vaccine platforms. The study identifies critical factors influencing immune reactions, including inflammation, immune cell activation, and regulatory responses, providing insights into the virus-host dynamics. Exploring the CD40 pathway notably reveals its significant impact on immune cell populations, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues. The findings underscore the importance of extended culture times and the need for further research into the mechanistic role of the CD40 pathway.
Novel and recurrent genetic variants associated with male and female infertility
Authors: Jankowska Katarzyna K. , Kutkowska-Kazmierczak Anna , Ślusarczyk Klaudia , Domaszewicz Alicja , Duk Katarzyna , Wolski Jan Karol , Kozioł Katarzyna , Sawicka Justyna , Klapecki Jakub , Laudański Piotr , Wertheim-Tysarowska Katarzyna , Rygiel Agnieszka Magdalena
Published: August 2024

Recently, the knowledge of the genetic basis of fertility disorders has expanded enormously, mainly thanks to the use of next generation sequencing (NGS). However, the genetic cause of the infertility in majority patients is still undefined. Aim: The aim was to identify genetic variants associated with infertility disorders using targeting NGS technique and to describe phenotype - genotype correlation. Methods: We have enrolled 41 patients (36 males and 5 females) with infertility problems or delayed puberty including the patients with hypogonadism hypogonadotropic (HH, n = 12), primary hypogonadism (n = 15), abnormal semen parameters or gonadal dysgenesis (n = 11), androgen insensitivity (n = 3). Genetic tests were performed using NGS panel of 35 genes. Results: Overall, 14 pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) variants including 3 novel and 11 recurrent variants were identified. Novel variants were found in genes associated with HH (FGF8, FGFR1, SEMA3). The genetic cause of the HH was determined in 58% (7/12) of the cases. Overall, The genetic testing enabled identification of the cause of the clinical phenotype in 26% (11/41) of the patients. Conclusions: Our study expands the knowledge of the genetic basis of the infertility disorders and highlights the importance of genetic testing for proper diagnosis making and genetic counselling.