bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Three-Stage Framework for Prioritizing and Selecting Feature Variables for Short-Term Metro Passenger Flow Prediction
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Ren Lu , Ma Zhenliang , Jiang Xinguo
Published: July 2020

Short-term metro passenger flow prediction is vital for the operation and management of metro systems. Most studies focus on the higher prediction accuracy with statistical and machine learning methods, but little attention has been paid to the prioritization and selection of feature variables, especially for different metro station types. This study aims to analyze the effect of feature variables on the prediction results, and then select appropriate predictor variables accordingly. A novel three-stage framework is proposed to prioritize feature variables for short-term metro passenger flow prediction, including station clustering, feature extraction, and variable prioritization. A hierarchical clustering algorithm (AHC) is developed for station clustering, the results of which are verified by the K-means and Davies-Bouldin (DB) statistical index. We then extract the temporal, spatial, and external features. Finally, the association between the variables and the prediction results is explored using tree-based models. The proposed framework is demonstrated and validated with data collected from Shanghai Metro Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) system. The results highlight that the importance of feature variables for developing models varies between stations, whereas only a few variables are found to explain most of the variation in the testing dataset; different feature variables lead to distinct differences in prediction accuracy, and simply adding more predictor variables does not necessarily lead to higher prediction accuracy. In addition, the station type and prediction type (i.e., tap-in and tap-out) have little influence on the selection of feature variables.
Modal analysis of cylindrical panels at elevated temperatures under nonuniform heating conditions: Experimental investigation
Authors: Twinkle CM , Nithun C , Pitchaimani Jeyaraj , Rajamohan Vasudevan
Published: July 2020

In this study, experimental investigations carried out to analyze the influences of different in-plane temperature variations on buckling and free vibration responses of metal and fiber-reinforced laminated composite cylindrical panels are presented. Initially, critical buckling temperature is calculated then free vibration analysis is performed as a function of the buckling temperature to analyze the changes in the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Experimental results revealed that the thermal buckling strength of the panel is significantly influenced by the nature of the heating condition. Similarly, significant changes in free vibration mode shapes are observed with the rise in temperature and also according to the heating conditions. It is also observed that, with the increase in temperature, nodal and anti-nodal lines of free vibration modes shifting towards the heating source. The experimental results are compared with the numerical simulation for the studies on the isotropic cylindrical panel and both the results are in good agreement.
Syphilis seroprevalence and seroconversion among people newly diagnosed with HIV during the pre-antiretroviral therapy period in rural China
Authors: Li Shifu , Dong Wenbing , Chen Liang , Li Shunxiang , Su Shu
Published: July 2020

Syphilis has a high incidence among people living with HIV (PLHIV), which may be attributable to their similar sexual transmission route. A retrospective cohort study was conducted during the period 2009–2015 to investigate the syphilis seroprevalence and incidence of syphilis seroconversion among newly-diagnosed PLHIV in rural Yunnan, China. Recent HIV infection among PLHIV was identified by BED capture enzyme immunoassay. PLHIV were followed until they initiated antiretroviral therapy. Syphilis serology was conducted at baseline and each follow-up over the study period. Among 2162 participants, the syphilis seroprevalence at baseline was 2.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.4–3.1). Single and divorced (versus married) (aOR = 2.9, [1.1–7.4]; 5.9, [2.4–14.7], respectively), employed in the service industry (versus unemployed) (2.8, [1.4–5.6]), being diagnosed with HIV in hospitals (versus voluntary counselling and testing) (5.1, [2.0–12.9]), recent HIV infection (17.9, [8.5–37.9]) and inconsistent condom use in the previous three months (versus consistent condom use) (6.2, [2.8–13.4]) were associated with higher risk of syphilis infection at baseline. Participants contributed 1955.4 person-years (PYs) of follow-up, with a median follow-up period of 0.9 years (IQR: 0.5–1.9) and the incidence of syphilis seroconversion was 2.2 (95% CI 1.5–2.9) per 100 PYs. The syphilis seroprevalence at baseline (aHR 3.7, [1.8–7.9]), had a HIV-negative partner at baseline (3.9, [1.5–9.8]) and inconsistent condom use in the last three months at baseline (6.0, [1.4–25.4]) were associated with higher risk of syphilis seroconversion. Our findings indicate that the public health response should be escalated to minimise the spread of syphilis co-infection among PLHIV and reducing condomless sexual behaviours after HIV diagnosis.
On the nexus of CO2 emissions and renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption in Europe: A new insight from panel smooth transition
Authors: Alqaralleh Huthaifa
Published: July 2020

This study seeks, within the extended framework of the so-called environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), to analyse the nonlinear effect of economic growth and energy consumption on environmental pollution (measured by CO2 emissions) in 30 countries, over the period 2000 – 2018. The panel smooth transition regression (PSTR) model is used to allow such a relationship between variables in different economic regimes to be determined. According to the analysis results, this study strengthens the idea that the relationship can be described as a shaped business cycle, in which economic growth first increases environmental degradation, and then, after a certain growth (income) level has been reached, reduces it. This business cycle relationship suggests that environmental improvements will eventually occur as economies grow. Another implication of these results is the importance of using energy in a greener way to combat climate change and to sustain economic development.
Antimalarial agent artesunate induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via increasing intracellular ROS levels in normal liver cells
Authors: Yin S , Yang H , Zhao X , Wei S , Tao Y , Liu M , Bo R , Li J
Published: July 2020

Artesunate (ARS) has been shown to be highly effective against chloroquine-resistant malaria. In vitro studies reported that ARS has anticancer effects; however, its detrimental action on cancer cells may also play a role in its toxicity toward normal cells and its potential toxicity has not been sufficiently researched. In this study, we investigated the possible cytotoxic effects using normal BRL-3A and AML12 liver cells. The results showed that ARS dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation and arrested the G0/G1 phase cell cycle in both BRL-3A and AML12 liver cells. Western blotting demonstrated that ARS induced a significant downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2), CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E1 in various levels and then caused apoptosis when the Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased. Conversely, the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine can significantly inhibit cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by ARS. Thus, the data confirmed that ARS exposure impairs normal liver cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and this detrimental action may be associated with intracellular ROS accumulation. Collectively, the possible side effects of ARS on healthy normal cells cannot be neglected when developing therapies.
Navigating the path: a qualitative exploration of New Zealand general practitioners’ views on integration of care with acupuncturists
Authors: Roberts Kate , Betts Debra , Nie Jing-Bao , Dowell Anthony
Published: July 2020

Background

Increasingly, many patients believe that a combined approach of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including acupuncture, and conventional medicine is better than either on its own, and more patients now have the desire to discuss CAM with well-informed general practitioners (GPs). However, to our knowledge, the interaction and collaboration between GPs and acupuncturists specifically in relation to shared care have not been investigated. This research explored interprofessional communication between GPs and acupuncturists in New Zealand. This article specifically reports the GPs’ viewpoints.

Methods

This study was part of a larger mixed-methods research project. Semi-structured interviews of 14 purposively sampled GP participants were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

The data analysis identified both facilitators of and barriers to integrative health care . Facilitators included the willingness of GPs to engage in communication and a recognition of the importance of patient choice. Barriers included the limited opportunities for sharing information and the lack of current established pathways for communication or direct referrals. GPs also highlighted the confusion around scopes of practice in terms of the different styles of and approaches to acupuncture.

Conclusion

This research contributes to the body of knowledge concerning interprofessional communication and collaboration between GPs and acupuncturists and suggests that while there are significant barriers to collaboration, there is also the potential to impact provider satisfaction and patient well-being. It provides context within a New Zealand health care setting and also provides additional insights regarding acupuncture, specifically through the disaggregation of specific CAM modalities.
Exploring Genetic Literacy in a Small Hispanic Population
Authors: Subasic Kimberly , Kronk Rebecca , Mantione Andrea , Vital Maria
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Genetic literacy recognizes one’s ability to gather, understand, and apply genomic information to make informed health care choices and social decisions. A limited understanding of genomic literacy carries the potential for poor health outcomes. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the usefulness of an assessment tool to ascertain genetic literacy in a small Hispanic clinic population. Methodology: Mixed-method, cross-sectional pilot study requiring forward-back translation of an established questionnaire. Twenty Spanish-speaking adults were recruited through purposive and convenience sampling. Results: Forward–back translation provided a comparable questionnaire. Participants indicated information was relevant. Qualitative feedback uncovered regional differences. Quantitative results reported descriptive statistics, frequencies, and Cronbach alphas. Discussion: Findings from this study reveal the need for genetic literacy assessment tools that are attuned to the linguistic, ethnic, and cultural differences within the Hispanic population.
Trust, Conflicts of Interest, and Concussion Reporting in College Football Players
Authors: Baugh Christine M. , Kroshus Emily , Meehan William P. , Campbell Eric G.
Published: July 2020

Sports medicine clinicians face conflicts of interest in providing medical care to athletes. Using a survey of college football players, this study evaluates whether athletes are aware of these conflicts of interest, whether these conflicts affect athlete trust in their health care providers, or whether conflicts or athletes' trust in stakeholders are associated with athletes' injury reporting behaviors.
The Legal Consequences of Research Misconduct: False Investigators and Grant Proposals
Authors: Fong Eric A. , Wilhite Allen W. , Hickman Charles , Lee Yeolan
Published: July 2020

In a survey on research misconduct, roughly 20% of the respondents admitted that they have submitted federal grant proposals that include scholars as research participants even though those scholars were not expected to contribute to the research effort. This manuscript argues that adding such false investigators is illegal, violating multiple federal statutes including the False Statements Act (18 U.S.C. §1001), the False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. §3729), and False, Fictitious, or Fraudulent Claims (18 U.S.C. §287). Moreover, it is not only the offending academics and the false investigators that face civil and criminal penalties because administrators may also be liable if they sign off on proposals and are in a position to know that false investigators might be included. Policy recommendations that should reduce the use of false investigators include changing institutional cultures, better training and oversight of the responsible conduct of research, and, most importantly, making all grant reviews double blind.
Implementation of the Management of Anticoagulation in the Periprocedural Period App Into an Electronic Health Record: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Spyropoulos Alex C. , Giannis Dimitrios , Cohen Jessica , John Suja , Myrka Anne , Inlall Damian , Qiu Michael , Akgul Saydi , Hyman Roger J. , Wang Jason J.
Published: July 2020

Appropriate perioperative management of patients on chronic oral anticoagulation (OAC)—including warfarin and the direct oral anticoagulants—is a poorly defined yet important clinical issue with potentially severe consequences in the postoperative period. We sought to prospectively evaluate the effect of the Management of Anticoagulation in the Periprocedural Period (MAPPP) mobile app as a clinical decision tool in the management of patients on chronic OAC undergoing elective procedures or surgeries. Between January 1, 2018, and January 31, 2019, 642 patients treated in our health system were included. Eligible patients met the following criteria: age >18 years old, creatinine clearance ≥15 mL/min, and on chronic OAC with adequate information regarding baseline characteristics. Our study outcome was patient’s emergency department (ED) visits within 30 days postprocedure. The MAPPP app was integrated into the electronic health record (EHR), and the end user was free to accept or decline recommended evidence-based perioperative anticoagulation management guidance. Analysis revealed that acceptance was more common in younger patients ( P = .0137), patients on oral anticoagulants other than warfarin ( P < .0001), and patients undergoing increased bleeding risk procedures ( P = .0068). Acceptance of the MAPPP app recommendation was significantly associated with fewer ED visits (acceptance group: 4.0% vs rejection group: 8.3%, P = .0205). Logistic regression showed that intervention acceptance and female gender were significantly associated with fewer—while age ≥80 with more—30-day ED visits. Our findings indicate that newer technologies, such as the MAPPP app, integrated into clinical EHR workflow, can significantly augment evidence-based perioperative anticoagulation management and potentially result in a reduction of adverse outcomes.
Tritiated Water Induces Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Vascular Endothelial Cells via IL8
Authors: Yan Hong-Bin , Liu Yi-Tong , Li Zhen-Yan , Wu Zhuo-Jun , Zhang Meng , Xue Pei-Jun , Liu Yu-Long , Wang Kong-Zhao , He Yong-Ming , Tu Yu , Cui Feng-Mei , Chen Qiu
Published: July 2020

We aimed to determine the toxic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on 12 generations (T1-T12) of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated cellular senescence, interleukin (IL) 8 concentrations, and angiogenesis using β-galactosidase staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vitro assays, respectively. The adhesion properties of contaminated cells and differentially expressed genes were assessed using the xCELLigence RTCA SP system and gene chip analysis, respectively. We found that long-term exposure to low levels of HTO can reduce the adhesion of HUVECs to the cellular matrix as well as their angiogenic capacity, while increasing their permeability, senescence, and adhesion to monocytes. Interleukin 8 activated the p38 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathways in HTO-treated cells and hence was identified as a key candidate of biomarker. The present study clarified the toxicity of HTO in vascular endothelial cells and identified IL8 as a novel protective target with important theoretical and practical values.
Physical Activity and the Acute Hemodynamic Response to ACE Inhibition in Hypertension
Authors: Maris Stephen A. , Meyer Kayla M. , Murray Gillian , Williams Jonathan S.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Physical activity (PA) can reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertensives through possibly interacting with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We conducted a nested-cohort analysis to determine if self-reported PA was associated with BP responsiveness to acute angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi). Methods. Data were extracted from the HyperPATH dataset, a cohort designed to identify mechanisms of cardiometabolic risk. Hypertensives that completed a self-assessed PA questionnaire, hormonal assessments (aldosterone [ALDO]), and BP to a single dose of an ACEi (captopril, 25 mg) were included. All participants (n = 144) were studied on a controlled diet for 7 days. PA was recorded as no PA, or little, moderate, or high amounts of exercise. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, and body mass index. Results. Individuals who reported high amounts of PA displayed a greater BP lowering effect from ACEi compared to those who reported moderate (−14.8 ± 8.1 vs −8.4 ± 9.9 mm Hg, P < .01) or no additional PA (−14.8 ± 8.1 vs −2.6 ± 9.9 mm Hg, P < .001). Exploratory analyses indicated high amounts of PA were associated with a reduced heart rate (54 ± 8 vs 66 ± 10 bpm, P < .001) and blunted ALDO (β = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.19-0.70). Conclusions. Higher self-reported PA was associated with an augmented BP lowering effect to acute ACEi in hypertensive patients.
Numerical simulation of performance and emission of marine diesel engine under different gravity conditions
Authors: Lu Xiuwei , Geng Peng
Published: July 2020

A computational fluid dynamics model of the marine diesel engine was established and validated, and the simulation studies were carried out using this model. Different gravity conditions were set in the computational fluid dynamics model to investigate their effect on marine diesel emissions and performance. By comparing the simulation results under different basic grid sizes, 1.2 mm was selected as the basic grid size of the computational fluid dynamics model. The model uses the experimental data including cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and nitrogen oxides (NO x) emissions to calibrate and validate the model. The simulation results are very close to the experimental data, and slight errors are also within the allowable range. In particular, when considering the heat transfer of the combustion chamber wall, the simulation results of the heat release rate are closer to the experimental data. The simulation results show that gravity has a slight effect on cylinder pressure and heat release rate, and has a certain degree of effect on fuel spray and atomization. The penetration length of the fuel is proportional to the gravity, and the maximum deviation of the Sauter mean diameter of the droplet is 25.74%. The spray and atomization process of fuel directly affects combustion and emissions. The maximum deviation of NO x emissions is 6.03%, which is reduced from 7.46 to 7.01 g/kW·h. Finally, the three-dimensional simulation results of temperature, equivalence ratio, and NO x emission of different crank angles under different gravity conditions are compared.
A simplified technique for converting antegrade femoral access to retrograde access for catheterization
Authors: Nazir Salik , Elzanaty Ahmed M , Moukarbel George V
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Femoral access conversion is sometimes required in clinical practice. Various techniques have been reported to convert a retrograde femoral access to antegrade access with a high success rate. However, despite paucity of data, converting an antegrade access to retrograde access is quite challenging with a potentially higher risk of technical failure or loss of access.

Methods

Here, we report a simple technique of antegrade to retrograde access conversion utilizing a pigtail catheter and an angled Glidewire.

Results

Successful conversion was achieved with no immediate complications with the proposed technique.

Conclusions

Techniques that describe antegrade to retrograde access conversion are seldomly reported in the medical literature. Our technique was successful in making the conversion utilizing only pigtail catheter and angled Glidewire.
Reclaiming the Commons: Law, Rhetoric, and C.S. Peirce’s Pragmatic Philosophy
Authors: Hakimzadeh Sarah
Published: July 2020

This article returns to C.S. Peirce’s pragmatic philosophy and Roberta Kevelson’s law and semiotics framework in order to propose a theory of justice that is rooted in rhetoric and the community’s evolving sense of legal legitimacy. It argues that this community is best conceptualized as part of the commons, the basis for a governance paradigm that is newly emerging from the world of activism. After providing an overview of the theory, it describes two promising litigation efforts designed to reclaim the commons from privatization.
Adaptive and Dark Personality in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predicting Health-Behavior Endorsement and the Appeal of Public-Health Messages
Authors: Blagov Pavel S.
Published: July 2020

Who embraces directions to socially distance, boost hygiene, and protect others during a pandemic of contagious respiratory disease? Do differently phrased public-health messages appeal to different people? I based predictions on the five-factor, triarchic psychopathy, and Dark Triad models of normal-range and dark traits; the extended parallel process model (EPPM); and schema-congruence theory. In a survey of 502 online participants, normal-range traits (esp agreeableness and conscientiousness) predicted endorsement of social distancing and hygiene, as well as the appeal of health messages in general. Consistent with the EPPM, conscientiousness and neuroticism had an interaction. Dark traits (esp psychopathy, meanness, and disinhibition) predicted low endorsement of health behaviors and the intent to knowingly expose others to risk. Most participants preferred a message appealing to compassion (“Help protect the vulnerable…”), but dark traits predicted lower appeal of that message. Personality appears relevant to epidemiology and public-health communication in a contagious-disease context.
Covid-19 and labour law in the United Kingdom
Authors: Mangan* David
Published: July 2020

2020 had been marked as a significant year for the UK with its departure from the European Union. The coronavirus pandemic quickly became the most important issue facing the Government under a third Prime Minister since the 2016 referendum. From the start, problems have dogged this Government in meeting the monumental challenges posed by Covid-19. The UK approached the work implications of this pandemic in some distinct ways, as compared to European Union Member States. This piece is longer than other country reports in this volume as a result of critically engaging with these differences.
Truncus Arteriosus With Double Aortic Arch
Authors: Patel Mrinal , Agrawal Vishal , Jain Vaibhav , Langanecha Bhavik , Mishra Amit
Published: July 2020

Truncus arteriosus (TA) or common arterial trunk is a congenital cardiac anomaly having high association with arch anomalies such as right aortic arch or aortic arch interruption. However, TA with double aortic arch (DAA) is a rare occurrence. We report a case of TA with DAA where the diagnosis of DAA was missed initially.
Orthotopic Heart Transplantation in a Patient With Gitelman Syndrome and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Solt Shannon Alexandra , Hoffman Timothy M. , Sharma Mahesh S. , Westreich Katherine D. , Kihlstrom Margaret , Schwartz Stephanie P.
Published: July 2020

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare hereditary tubulopathy affecting the distal tubule leading to significant electrolyte disturbances.1 Although generally a benign condition, rare associations with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death have been reported.1 A paucity of literature exists associating GS with cardiomyopathy. We present a child with dilated cardiomyopathy and GS who was successfully treated with orthotopic heart transplantation.
Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Right Pulmonary Artery From the Ascending Aorta With Spontaneous Dissection and Thrombosis
Authors: Said Sameh M. , Marey Gamal , Brown Nicholas M. , Griselli Massimo , Rodgers Nathan , Zupfer Elena H. , Aggarwal Varun , Hiremath Gurumurthy M.
Published: July 2020

Anomalous aortic origin of the pulmonary artery is rare. It can affect either of the main branches and can be an important cause of neonatal respiratory distress. Early diagnosis and surgical repair is associated with improved survival and long-term outcomes.
Evaluation of the Electromyographic Amplitude-to-Work Ratio in the Infraspinatus Muscle During External Shoulder Rotation Exercises: A Comparison of Concentric Isotonic and Isokinetic Exercises
Authors: Park Jung-Ho , Chung Seok Won , Lee Seoung-Joon , Lee Jong-Won , Oh Kyung-Soo
Published: July 2020

Background:

Isotonic exercise is commonly adopted for shoulder rehabilitation, but the efficacy of isokinetic exercise for rehabilitation has not been evaluated.

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of isotonic and isokinetic external shoulder rotation exercises.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Using surface electromyography (EMG) and the Biodex system, we investigated the EMG amplitude of the infraspinatus (IS), total work (tWK), and EMG(IS)/tWK ratio and examined the relative IS and posterior deltoid (PD) contributions to all exercises. A total of 24 healthy participants without musculoskeletal injuries were included. Participants performed isotonic external shoulder rotation at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) as well as isokinetic external shoulder rotation at angular velocities of 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 deg/s. Levels of intensity were classified from 1 to 5: level 1 corresponded to 10% of the MVIC and a 300-deg/s angular velocity; level 2 corresponded to 20% MVIC and 240 deg/s; level 3 corresponded to 30% MVIC and 180 deg/s; level 4 corresponded to 40% MVIC and 120 deg/s; and level 5 corresponded to 50% MVIC and 60 deg/s. Normalized IS and tWK amplitudes were calculated for each exercise.

Results:

During isotonic exercise, the EMG(IS)/tWK ratio significantly decreased from level 5 to 3, 2, and 1; from level 4 to 2 and 1; and from level 3 to 1. During isokinetic exercise, the EMG(IS)/tWK ratio at level 3 was greater than that at all other levels except level 1. Statistical differences were found between isotonic and isokinetic modes at levels 1, 2, and 3. The IS/PD activation ratios were not significantly different between exercise modes at any level.

Conclusion:

Isokinetic resistance may provide more effective stimulation of the IS muscle compared with isotonic resistance.

Clinical Relevance:

Isokinetic exercise needs to be considered as a method of rehabilitation that effectively increases infraspinatus muscle activity.
Where species don’t meet: Invisibilized animals, urban nature and city limits
Authors: Arcari Paula , Probyn-Rapsey Fiona , Singer Haley
Published: July 2020

A growing body of literature is concerned with ‘healing’ our cities, fostering an ethic of care for urban nature and creating more socially and environmentally just cities. At the same time, urban biodiversity is the focus of an increasing number of projects at multiple scales. However, in contrast to the ethos of multispecies ‘entanglement’ and ‘becoming with’ that typically animates this research, large numbers of animals ‘entangled’ in the machinations of our cities constitute a ‘nature’ that remains mostly unseen. And yet, it is the local and global practices these animals are part of – associated with food, entertainment, education, companionship and research – and the persistent relations of use and exploitation that underpin them, that are most directly implicated in the ongoing environmental degradation, destruction of habitats and extinction of species that create the ‘problem’ of urban biodiversity. We therefore argue that a persistent anthropocentrism is hampering efforts to respond effectively to the findings and recommendations of the IPCC, IPBES, FAO and others. Based on a thorough literature search and review of 65 articles concerned with urban ‘nature’ and multispecies relations, we demonstrate a prevailing hierarchy in how, and more importantly which, nonhuman species are being represented. Parallels are noted from recent social movements and the work of scholars from complementary fields. We highlight the dangers posed by this selective remit of care and concern and suggest critical animal studies as a way to adjust the frame and extend the boundaries of dominant thinking about what constitutes ‘nature’. In conclusion, we call for researchers concerned with urban nature and biodiversity to adopt more critical and repoliticized understandings of ‘nature’ and multispecies relations – ones that are better poised to challenge practices involving commodified animals and slow the pace of environmental destructions and losses they are associated with.
miR-125a-5p regulates megakaryocyte proplatelet formation via the actin-bundling protein L-plastin
Authors: Bhatlekar Seema , Manne Bhanu K. , Basak Indranil , Edelstein Leonard C. , Tugolukova Emilia , Stoller Michelle L. , Cody Mark J. , Morley Sharon C. , Nagalla Srikanth , Weyrich Andrew S. , Rowley Jesse W. , O’Connell Ryan M. , Rondina Matthew T. , Campbell Robert A. , Bray Paul F.
Published: July 2020

There is heritability to interindividual variation in platelet count, and better understanding of the regulating genetic factors may provide insights for thrombopoiesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate gene expression in health and disease, and megakaryocytes (MKs) deficient in miRs have lower platelet counts, but information about the role of miRs in normal human MK and platelet production is limited. Using genome-wide miR profiling, we observed strong correlations among human bone marrow MKs, platelets, and differentiating cord blood–derived MK cultures, and identified MK miR-125a-5p as associated with human platelet number but not leukocyte or hemoglobin levels. Overexpression and knockdown studies showed that miR-125a-5p positively regulated human MK proplatelet (PP) formation in vitro. Inhibition of miR-125a-5p in vivo lowered murine platelet counts. Analyses of MK and platelet transcriptomes identified LCP1 as a miR-125a-5p target. LCP1 encodes the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, not previously studied in MKs. We show that miR-125a-5p directly targets and reduces expression of MK L-plastin. Overexpression and knockdown studies show that L-plastin promotes MK progenitor migration, but negatively correlates with human platelet count and inhibits MK PP formation (PPF). This work provides the first evidence for the actin-bundling protein, L-plastin, as a regulator of human MK PPF via inhibition of the late-stage MK invagination system, podosome and PPF, and PP branching. We also provide resources of primary and differentiating MK transcriptomes and miRs associated with platelet counts. miR-125a-5p and L-plastin may be relevant targets for increasing in vitro platelet manufacturing and for managing quantitative platelet disorders.
Szabo 2-stent technique for coronary bifurcation lesions: procedural and short-term outcomes
Authors: Yang Hongbo , Qian Juying , Huang Zheyong , Ge Junbo
Published: July 2020

Background

Provisional 1-stent technique is currently regarded as the default approach for the majority of bifurcation lesions. Nonetheless, 2-stent techniques may be required for complex bifurcations with high compromise risk or fatal consequences of side branch (SB) occlusion. Limitations exist in current approaches, as stents gap, multiple metal layers and stent malapposition caused by imprecise placement with fluoroscopic guide and intrinsic technical defects. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of the novel Szabo 2-stent technique for coronary bifurcation lesions.

Methods

In the Szabo 2-stent technique, one stent is precisely implanted at the SB ostium with Szabo technique resulting in a single strut protruding into the main vessel (MV). After MV rewiring and SB guidewire withdrawal, another stent is implanted in MV followed by proximal optimization technique, SB rewiring, and final kissing inflation (FKI).

Results

The technique tested successfully in silicone tubes (n = 9) with: procedure duration, 31.2 ± 6.8 min; MV and SB rewiring time, 26.8 ± 11.2 s and 33.3 ± 15 s; easy FKI; and 2.3 ± 0.5 balloons/procedure. Bifurcation lesions (n = 22) were treated with angiographic success in MV and SB, respectively: increased minimal lumen diameter (0.63 ± 0.32 mm to 3.20 ± 0.35 mm; 0.49 ± 0.37 mm to 2.67 ± 0.25 mm); low residual stenosis (12.4 ± 2.4%; 12.4 ± 2.3%); and intravascular ultrasound confirmed (n = 19) full coverage; minimal overlap and malapposition; minimal lumen area (2.4 ± 1.2 mm2; 2.1 ± 1.0 mm2); plaque burden (78.1 ± 11.3%; 71.6 ± 15.5%); and minimal stent area (9.1 ± 1.6 mm2; 6.1 ± 1.3 mm2). Periprocedural cardiac troponin increased in 1 asymptomatic patient without electrocardiographic change. There was no target lesion failure (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization) at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusions

The Szabo 2-stent technique for bifurcation lesions provided acceptable safety and efficacy at short-term follow-up.
External validation of stroke mimic prediction scales in the emergency department
Authors: Tu Tian Ming , Tan Guan Zhong , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Wee Chee Keong , Chee David Jeremiah Ming Siang , Tan Camlyn , Lim Hoon Chin
Published: July 2020

Background

Acute ischemic stroke is a time-sensitive emergency where accurate diagnosis is required promptly. Due to time pressures, stroke mimics who present with similar signs and symptoms as acute ischemic stroke, pose a diagnostic challenge to the emergency physician. With limited access to investigative tools, clinical prediction, tools based only on clinical features, may be useful to identify stroke mimics. We aim to externally validate the performance of 4 stroke mimic prediction scales, and derive a novel decision tree, to improve identification of stroke mimics.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study at a primary stroke centre, served by a telestroke hub. We included consecutive patients who were administered intravenous thrombolysis for suspected acute ischemic stroke from January 2015 to October 2017. Four stroke mimic prediction tools (FABS, simplified FABS, Telestroke Mimic Score and Khan Score) were rated simultaneously, using only clinical information prior to administration of thrombolysis. The final diagnosis was ascertained by an independent stroke neurologist. Area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) analysis was performed. A classification tree analysis was also conducted using variables which were found to be significant in the univariate analysis.

Results

Telestroke Mimic Score had the highest discrimination for stroke mimics among the 4 scores tested (AUROC = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63–0.87). However, all 4 scores performed similarly (DeLong p > 0.05). Telestroke Mimic Score had the highest sensitivity (91.3%), while Khan score had the highest specificity (88.2%). All 4 scores had high positive predictive value (88.1 to 97.5%) and low negative predictive values (4.7 to 32.3%). A novel decision tree, using only age, presence of migraine and psychiatric history, had a higher prediction performance (AUROC = 0.80).

Conclusion

Four tested stroke mimic prediction scales performed similarly to identify stroke mimics in the emergency setting. A novel decision tree may improve the identification of stroke mimics.
Effect of silicone oil on peripapillary capillary density in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Wang Erqian , Chen Youxin , Li Ningning , Min Hanyi
Published: July 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of silicone oil (SO) on peripapillary blood flow using OCT angiography.

Methods

This prospective case series recruited patients with unilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) who underwent vitrectomy and SO tamponade. Patients were examined before SO removal and at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months after SO removal on a spectral domain OCT angiography device (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue Inc., CA, USA) for the measurement of radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) vessel density (VD) in global field, superior hemifield, and inferior hemifield. Changes in RPC VD following SO removal were compared between affected eyes and contralateral eyes.

Results

Twenty-two patients were analyzed. The average duration of SO tamponade was 101.3 days (range, 90 to 119 days). After SO removal, global RPC VD increased by 1.3% (95%CI, 0.3 to 2.3%), compared with a − 0.4% (95%CI, − 1.4 to 0.7%) change in contralateral eyes (P = 0.007). The increase in RPC VD after SO removal mainly occurred in the superior hemifield, which was 1.6% (95%CI, 0.6 to 2.7%). The increase in RPC VD in the inferior hemifield was 1.0% (95%CI, − 0.2 to 2.1%) after SO removal.

Conclusions

We detected a mild increase in peripapillary capillary density after SO removal, mainly in the superior hemifield. Our results suggested that SO tamponade could have negative effect on peripapillary blood flow, possibly by capillary compression.
Physical activity practice and sports preferences in a group of Spanish schoolchildren depending on sex and parental care: a gender perspective
Authors: Peral-Suárez África , Cuadrado-Soto Esther , Perea José Miguel , Navia Beatriz , López-Sobaler Ana M. , Ortega Rosa M.
Published: July 2020

Background

Physical activity plays an important role in the maintenance of health, and it is especially important during childhood. However, the lack of information about differences in physical activity practice and sports preferences of children considering gender differences can result in non-effective policies that enhance inequalities between sexes. The aim of this study is to identify the sports preferences of Spanish schoolchildren and their physical activity practice behaviors depending on their sex and their parental care, analyzing the possible differences from a gender perspective.

Method

Three hundred sixty-four Spanish schoolchildren (179 girls, 185 boys) participated in this cross-sectional study. A daily physical activity questionnaire was used to evaluate physical activity level (PAL), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sports preferences and a socio-health questionnaire were used to collect data about parental care. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and applying Student’s T-test for normal variables, Mann-Whitney U-test for non-parametrical variables, and chi-square (χ2) test for categorical variables. Subsequently, odds ratios were used to analyze associations between the physical activity practice of the children and parental care.

Results

PAL and time spent in MVPA was significantly lower for girls compared to boys (1.44 ± 0.07 vs. 1.46 ± 0.07, p < 0.001 and 0.74 ± 0.40 h/day vs. 0.90 ± 0.45 h/day; p < 0.001, respectively). Dancing, rhythmic gymnastics, skating, and water sports were practiced more by girls, while football, wrestling sports, handball, and racket sports were practiced more by boys (p < 0.05). Children cared for by their fathers had higher odds for physical activity practice (OR = 1.995 (1.202–3.310), p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Physical activity among girls was less frequent and less intense. Girls opted for individual sports with artistic connotations, while boys often practiced more team contact sports. Furthermore, children are more physically actives when their father is in charge of them.
The role of reassurance seeking in obsessive compulsive disorder: the associations between reassurance seeking, dysfunctional beliefs, negative emotions, and obsessive- compulsive symptoms
Authors: Haciomeroglu Bikem
Published: July 2020

Background

This study investigates the association of reassurance seeking with obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms, dysfunctional beliefs, and negative emotions.

Methods

Reassurance Seeking Questionnaire, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire, Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and Guilt Inventory were applied to 53 obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and 591 non-clinical participants.

Results

The results showed that the severity of the OC symptoms significantly predicted the carefulness of OCD patients during reassurance seeking, indicating increased carefulness during reassurance seeking as the severity of OC symptoms increased. Moreover, feelings of guilt increased with increasing intensity of reassurance seeking. In addition, carefulness during reassurance seeking significantly predicted the level of anxiety. Responsibility/threat estimation, perfectionism/need for certainty, and importance/control of thoughts significantly predicted the OC symptoms. Moreover, the dysfunctional beliefs directly associated with an increased need to seek reassurance from different sources and seek reassurance more carefully. In terms of mediational effect, the results revealed that the individuals who had distorted beliefs were more likely to have OC symptoms and, in turn, the OC symptoms increased carefulness during reassurance seeking. The analysis of the model test revealed mostly similar results to those obtained for the clinical sample.

Conclusions

The findings revealed a close relationship between OC symptoms and reassurance-seeking behaviors.
How to choose kinematic or mechanical alignment individually according to preoperative characteristics of patients?
Authors: Luan Chong , Xu Dong-Tan , Chen Ning-Jie , Wang Fei-Fei , Tian Kang-Song , Wei Chao , Wang Xian-Bin
Published: July 2020

Background

Making decisions in alignment techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. This study aims to identify the potential patients who were suitable for the kinematic (KA) or mechanical alignment (MA).

Methods

We reviewed 296 consecutive patients (296 TKAs, including 114 KA-TKAs and 182 MA-TKAs) who underwent unilateral TKA using a computer-assisted navigation from 2016 to 2018 in our prospectively maintained database. The minimum followup was 1 year. Clinical outcomes including the range of motion (ROM) and knee society score (KSS) were compared between KA-TKAs and MA-TKAs. Multiple regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between alignment techniques and KSS at the 1-year followup. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted according to gender, age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle, ROM and KSS.

Results

ROM and KSS at the 1-year followup didn’t differ between MA-TKAs and KA-TKAs (all p > 0.05). Alignment techniques did not associate with postoperative ROM (Adjusted β = 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: − 0.3, 1.6; p = 0.752) or 1-year KSS (Adjusted β = 2.2, 95%CI: − 0.7, 5.6; p = 0.107). Patients with a BMI more than 30 kg/m^2 achieved better 1-year KSS when using MA than KA (p for interaction< 0.05). Additionally, patients with preoperative HKA angle more than 10 degrees varus benefited more from KA than MA (p for interaction< 0.05).

Conclusions

Patients with severe varus deformity may be suitable for the KA technique, whereas MA should be used in obese patients.
How to improve the safety of bicortical pedicle screw insertion in the thoracolumbar vertebrae: analysis base on three-dimensional CT reconstruction of patients in the prone position
Authors: Xu Chao , Hou Qingxian , CHU Yanchen , Huang Xiuling , Yang Wenjiu , Ma Jinglong , Wang Zhijie
Published: July 2020

Background

Through the comparison of three-dimensional CT reconstruction between the supine position and the prone position, the relative position of thoracolumbar great vessels and vertebral body was studied, and the shortest safe distance between them was measured to improve the safety of bicortical pedicle screw insertion and reduce the risk of vascular injury.

Methods

Forty adults were selected to participate the research. Three-dimensional reconstruction of thoracolumbar (T9-L3) CT was performed in the prone position and the supine position. The relative distance between the Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) and vertebral body was obtained as AVD/VVD respectively. The relative angle of the Aorta/ IVC and the vertebral body was calculated as ∠AOY/∠VOY. Self-controlled experiments were carried out in the prone and the supine positions, and the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software.

Results

The AVD of the prone position and the supine position was the shortest at T12 (3.18 ± 0.68 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant. The aorta of the T9-L3 segment was shifted from the anterolateral to the anteromedial. The ∠AOY of the other groups differed significantly between the prone and supine positions in all vertebrae except T12 and L1 (P < 0.05), and the aorta in the prone position was more anteromedial than that of supine position.

With regard to VVD/∠VOY, there was no significant difference between the prone and supine positions (P ≥ 0.05), and the minimum VVD of L3 segment is greater than 5.4 mm. The IVC has no obvious mobility and is fixed in the range of 20 ° ~ 30 ° near the midline.

Conclusion

When using bicortical anchoring of pedicle screws, it is safe to ensure that the protruding tips of the screw is less than 3 mm. Due to the mobility of the aorta in different postures and individual differences in anatomy, the prone position CT can help doctors to make better preoperative plans and decisions.
Mitochondrial GWAS and association of nuclear – mitochondrial epistasis with BMI in T1DM patients
Authors: Ludwig-Słomczyńska Agnieszka H. , Seweryn Michał T. , Kapusta Przemysław , Pitera Ewelina , Handelman Samuel K. , Mantaj Urszula , Cyganek Katarzyna , Gutaj Paweł , Dobrucka Łucja , Wender-Ożegowska Ewa , Małecki Maciej T. , Wołkow Paweł P.
Published: July 2020

Background

BMI is a strong indicator of complications from type I diabetes, especially under intensive treatment.

Methods

We have genotyped 435 type 1 diabetics using Illumina Infinium Omni Express Exome-8 v1.4 arrays and performed mitoGWAS on BMI. We identified additive interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear variants in genes associated with mitochondrial functioning MitoCarta2.0 and confirmed and refined the results on external cohorts: the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and GTEx data. Linear mixed model analysis was performed using the GENESIS package in R/Bioconductor.

Results

We find a borderline significant association between the mitochondrial variant rs28357980, localized to MT-ND2, and BMI (β = − 0.69, p = 0.056). This BMI association was confirmed on 1889 patients from FHS cohort (β = − 0.312, p = 0.047). Next, we searched for additive interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear variants. MT-ND2 variants interacted with variants in the genes SIRT3, ATP5B, CYCS, TFB2M and POLRMT. TFB2M is a mitochondrial transcription factor and together with TFAM creates a transcription promoter complex for the mitochondrial polymerase POLRMT. We have found an interaction between rs3021088 in MT-ND2 and rs6701836 in TFB2M leading to BMI decrease (inter_pval = 0.0241), while interaction of rs3021088 in MT-ND2 and rs41542013 in POLRMT led to BMI increase (inter_pval = 0.0004). The influence of these interactions on BMI was confirmed in external cohorts.

Conclusions

Here, we have shown that variants in the mitochondrial genome as well as additive interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear SNPs influence BMI in T1DM and general cohorts.