bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Feasible Method of Angiogenesis Assessment in Gastric Cancer Using 3D Microvessel Density
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zheng Fei , Peng Zhigang , Hu Zijing , Yang Zhi
Published: April 2018

Background. Cancer stem cell (CSC) promotes angiogenesis which plays an important role in tumor occurrence, growth, and metastasis. Accurately, quantifying the tumor vasculature can help understanding CSC characteristics and improve cancer diagnosis, therapy planning, and evaluation. The objective of this study is to present a method for improved angiogenesis assessment. Methods. We proposed a three-dimensional microvessel density (3D MVD) to evaluate tumor angiogenesis and tested it in animal models. Six male Balb/c nude mice were divided into normal group and tumor group. The mice in tumor group were orthotopically implanted human gastric cancer, cell line BGC-823. The phase-contrast images were collected at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility BL13W beamline, which has much higher soft-tissue contrast and spatial resolution than conventional X-ray. After volume reconstruction and vessel extraction, the 3D models of the angiogenesis were established for MVD calculation. Results. The results showed that the proposed 3D MVD is positively correlated with the pathological changes of the microvessels. It took the advantage of high resolution of the phase-contrast imaging and added three-dimensional information to the existing MVD measure. Conclusions. Our study presents a feasible approach for better understanding of tumor angiogenesis. It may provide doctors and scientists a better tool for cancer investigation and improving medical outcomes.
Investigation of Performance and Residual Stress Generation of AlSi10Mg Processed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Wang Lianfeng , Jiang Xiaohui , Zhu Yihong , Ding Zishan , Zhu Xiaogang , Sun Jing , Yan Biao
Published: April 2018

During the selective laser melting (SLM) process, the scanned layers are subjected to rapid thermal cycles. By working on the mechanical properties, residual stress, and microstructure, the high‐temperature gradients can have significant effect on the proper functioning and the structural integrity of built parts. This work presents a comprehensive study on the scanning path type and preheating temperature for AlSi10Mg alloy during SLM. According to the results, SLM AlSi10Mg parts fabricated in chessboard scanning strategy have higher mechanical properties or at least comparable to the parts fabricated in uniformity scanning strategy. In the SLM processing, the residual stress in different parts of the specimen varies with temperature gradient, and the residual stress at the edge of the specimen is obviously larger than that at the center. Under the chessboard scanning and preheating temperature 160°C, the residual stress in each direction of the specimens reaches the minimum. Under different forming processes, the morphology of the microstructure is obviously different. With the increase of preheating temperature, the molten pool in the side surface is obviously elongated and highly unevenly distributed. From the coupling relationship between the residual stress and microstructure, it can be found that the microstructure of top surface is affected by residual stresses σx and σy. But the side surface is mainly governed by residual stress σy; moreover, the greater the residual stress, the more obvious the grain tilt. In the XY and XZ surfaces, the scanning strategy has little influence on the tilt angle of the grain. But, the tilt angle and morphology of the microstructure are obviously affected by the preheating temperature. The results show that the residual stresses can effectively change the properties of the materials under the combined influence of scanning strategy and preheating temperature.
Impact of Obesity on Long-Term Urinary Incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wei Yong , Wu Yu-Peng , Lin Min-Yi , Chen Shao-Hao , Lin Yun-Zhi , Li Xiao-Dong , Zheng Qing-Shui , Xue Xue-Yi , Xu Ning
Published: April 2018

Obesity is a known risk factor for prostate cancer progression and may contribute to poor treatment outcomes. However, little is known concerning the relationship between obesity (body mass index [BMI] ⩾ 30) and the urinary incontinence (UI) of patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). The goal of this study was to focus on the prevalence and duration of UI after RP with specific attention to the BMI. Subsequently, trials were identified in a literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using appropriate search terms. All comparative studies reporting BMI, study characteristics, and outcome data including the relationship between BMI and urinary incontinence data were included. Finally, four studies comprising 6 trials with 2890 participants were included. The results showed that obesity increased UI risk at 12 months in patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) (odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.21, 4.88], P=0.01). When stratified by the surgical methods, the pooled results showed that obesity increased UI risk at 24 months in patients who underwent RLRP (OR 2.00, 95% CI [1.57, 2.56], P<0.001). However, in patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), the pooled results showed that obesity does not increase UI risk at 24 months (OR 1.13, 95% CI [0.74, 1.72], P=0.58). This is the first study to include obesity as the primary independent variable. Outcomes indicate that obesity (BMI ≥ 30) may increase the UI risk at 12 and 24 months after RLRP. Well-designed randomized controlled trials with strict control of confounders are needed to make results comparable.
Multiperiod Production and Ordering Policies for a Retailer-Led Supply Chain through Option Contracts
Authors: Wan Nana , Chen Xu
Published: April 2018

This paper formulates two groups of multiperiod production and ordering models with call and bidirectional option contracts for a two-party supply chain consisting of one followed supplier and one dominant retailer, respectively. Based on dynamic programming theory, we characterize the optimal policy structures for two partners in each period. We also provide an approximation for the corresponding policy parameters evaluation in two cases. Then, we investigate the impacts of different option contracts and the demand risk on the decisions and performances of two members. Our results suggest that, whether concerning call or bidirectional option contracts, the optimal policies for two members always follow a base stock type. When the price parameters are the same for different option contracts, the service levels of both the system and the retailer are higher with call option contracts than with bidirectional ones, whereas the retailer’s inventory risk is lower with bidirectional option contracts than with call ones. Under the same conditions stated above, call option contracts can always benefit the supplier, but not the retailer. Owing to the retailer’s dominant position, call option contracts are better choice for the supply chain if the option (exercise) price is low (high), while bidirectional option contracts are more suitable choice for the supply chain if the option (exercise) price is high (low). In addition, an increase in the demand risk would prompt the supplier to increase his production quantity and the retailer to reduce the initial firm order quantity, either with call or bidirectional option contracts.
The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Is Less Frequent in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Than in Patients with Other Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Fábián Anna , Rutka Mariann , Ferenci Tamás , Bor Renáta , Bálint Anita , Farkas Klaudia , Milassin Ágnes , Szántó Kata , Lénárt Zsuzsanna , Nagy Ferenc , Szepes Zoltán , Molnár Tamás
Published: April 2018

Background and Aims. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is commonly used among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but evidence about its real-life use is limited. We aimed to assess and compare CAM use in outpatients with IBD and other gastrointestinal diseases. Materials and Methods. The use of herbs and botanicals, lifestyle modifications and mind/body therapies, patient satisfaction, and continuous use of conventional medicine were assessed with an anonymous questionnaire at a tertiary IBD unit in Hungary. 396 IBD patients (207 with Crohn’s disease, 185 with ulcerative colitis, and 4 with indeterminate colitis) and 164 patients with gastric acid-related diseases, premalignant and malignant colorectal diseases, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, dysbacteriosis, and so on were included. Results. IBD patients reported significantly lower usage of herbs than did controls (25% versus 42%, p<0.001). More than 90% of responding IBD patients continued conventional medication besides herbal remedies (83% in unaltered doses). IBD patients were more likely to implement lifestyle modifications (77% versus 63%, p=0.0011), but not body/mind therapies (20% versus 15%, p=0.1516). Younger age was a significant predictor of lifestyle modifications (p=0.0246). Conclusions. CAM use (especially that of herbal remedies) in IBD is less frequent than that in other gastrointestinal diseases. It is more a complementary than an alternative to conventional medicine in IBD. There is no significant difference between CAM use in patients with Crohn’s disease and that in patients with ulcerative colitis, although the latter tend to choose herbs; the benefit of which is supported by scientific evidence. This study is registered at the Medical Research Council, Hungary. This trial is registered with 3769/2010/1018EKU.
The rs13388259 Intergenic Polymorphism in the Genomic Context of theBCYRN1Gene Is Associated with Parkinson’s Disease in the Hungarian Population
Authors: Márki Sándor , Göblös Anikó , Szlávicz Eszter , Török Nóra , Balicza Péter , Bereznai Benjamin , Takáts Annamária , Engelhardt József , Klivényi Péter , Vécsei László , Molnár Mária Judit , Nagy Nikoletta , Széll Márta
Published: April 2018

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, and muscle rigidity. To date, approximately 50 genes have been implicated in PD pathogenesis, including both Mendelian genes with rare mutations and low-penetrance genes with common polymorphisms. Previous studies of low-penetrance genes focused on protein-coding genes, and less attention was given to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the susceptibility roles of lncRNA gene polymorphisms in the development of PD. Therefore, polymorphisms (n=15) of thePINK1-AS,UCHL1-AS,BCYRN1,SOX2-OT,ANRILandHAR1AlncRNAs genes were genotyped in Hungarian PD patients (n=160) and age- and sex-matched controls (n=167). The rare allele of the rs13388259 intergenic polymorphism, located downstream of theBCYRN1gene, was significantly more frequent among PD patients than control individuals (OR = 2.31;p=0.0015). In silico prediction suggested that this polymorphism is located in a noncoding region close to the binding site of the transcription factor HNF4A, which is a central regulatory hub gene that has been shown to be upregulated in the peripheral blood of PD patients. The rs13388259 polymorphism may interfere with the binding affinity of transcription factor HNF4A, potentially resulting in abnormal expression of target genes, such asBCYRN1.
Small Cell Variant of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Highlighting a Potentially Fatal and Easily Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Rahmani Mahboubeh , Halene Stephanie , Xu Mina L.
Published: April 2018

Context. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma with a poor prognosis. While typically described as comprising large atypical cells restricted to the lumina of small blood vessels, it can show variability in cell size. Objective. To report the clinicopathologic features of the IVLBCL with small cell morphology and discuss the practical implications of our findings. Design. We searched our archives for all IVLBCL diagnosed in our institution for the last 25 years (1992–2017). Slides were reviewed independently by two hematopathologists. Results. We found a total of 11 cases of IVLBCL. Bone marrow, brain, lymph node, pericardium, small bowel, and fallopian tube and ovary were the organs in which the lymphoma was initially diagnosed. One of the cases initially diagnosed in the marrow showed intrasinusoidal involvement by a small cell lymphoma; the diagnosis was confirmed by random skin biopsies showing intravascular large cells with the same phenotype. Retrospective review of the liver on this case also showed the intrasinusoidal involvement by the disease consisting of small cells. In another case, IVLBCL that was initially diagnosed in a small bowel biopsy was retrospectively found in a breast biopsy, but with small cell morphology. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that, in the presence of high clinical suspicion, IVLBCL should be high in the differential diagnosis when lymphoma is predominantly intravascular, even when the tumor cells are small. A timely diagnosis of this entity can be critical. Hence, awareness of a small cell variant of IVLBCL should be increased.
Influence of Thermal Parameters, Microstructure, and Morphology of Si on Machinability of an Al–7.0 wt.% Si Alloy Directionally Solidified
Authors: Silva Cássio A. P. , Leal Layo R. M. , Guimarães Emanuelle C. , Júnior Paulo M. , Moreira Antonio L. , Rocha Otávio L. , Silva Adrina P.
Published: April 2018

This study aims to correlate the influence of thermal and microstructural parameters such as growth rate and cooling rate (VL and TR) and secondary dendrite spacing (λ2), respectively, in the machining cutting temperature and tool wear on the necking process of the Al–7 wt.% Si alloy solidified in a horizontal directional device using a high‐speed steel with a tungsten tool. The dependence of λ2 on VL and TR and dependence of the maximum cutting temperature and maximum flank wear on λ2 were determined by power experimental laws given by λ2 = constant (VL and TR)n and TMAX, VBMAX = constant (λ2)n, respectively. The maximum cutting temperature increased with increasing of λ2. The opposite occurred with the maximum flank wear. The role of Si alloying element on the aforementioned results has also been analyzed. A morphological change of Si along the solidified ingot length has been observed, that is, the morphology of Si in the eutectic matrix has indicated a transition from particles to fibers along the casting together with an increase of the particle diameters with the position from the metal/mold interface.
Assemblage Characteristics and Habitat Specificity of Carabid Beetles in a Japanese Alpine-Subalpine Zone
Authors: Hiramatsu Shinichi , Usio Nisikawa
Published: April 2018

In lowland areas of the world and high-altitude European mountains, the species compositions, body sizes, and wing forms of carabid beetles are known to change according to vegetation structures. However, little is known regarding the assemblage structure and habitat associations of carabid beetles in Japanese alpine-subalpine areas. We surveyed carabid beetles in four habitats (snow beds, alpine meadows,Pinusscrub, and fell-fields) in the alpine-subalpine zone on Mt. Hakusan, Japan. We surveyed carabid beetles six times between mid-July and late September. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) revealed three distinct carabid beetle assemblages in snow beds and alpine meadows,Pinusscrub, and fell-fields. The carabid beetle assemblages in the four habitats consisted predominantly of small and/or wingless species with differential spatiotemporal variability in abundance. Biota-environment (BIO-ENV) analyses showed that the percentage coverage byPinusscrub, soil water content, and ground surface temperature were among the most significant variables affecting carabid beetle compositions. Given their small sizes and reduced wings, which are characteristic traits for limited mobility, and high-level habitat specificity, carabid beetles in the alpine-subalpine zone may serve as an important target group to monitor the impacts of global environmental change on mountain ecosystems.
Effect of Residual Stress on the Mechanical Properties of FSW Joints with SUS409L
Authors: Lim Yeong-Seok , Kim Sang-Hyuk , Lee Kwang-Jin
Published: April 2018

This study was performed to investigate both the residual stress distribution and the effect of the residual stress formed at the welding region on the mechanical properties of the friction stir welded joints with 409L stainless steel sheets. Residual stress measurement with hole‐drilling method; mechanical property evaluation including tensile test, Charpy impact test, and fatigue test; and microstructure observation were conducted. It has got no residual stresses to speak of at the center region of the stir zone because the stored stresses are released in the process of the dynamic recrystallization, while a small quantity of compressive residual stresses is formed at the surface region of the stir zone because of strong compression reaction by the tool shoulder. A considerable amount of compressive residual stresses is formed at the thermomechanical affected zone because of the synergy between the thermal expansion due to the heat conduction from the stir zone and mechanical compression by the tool. The formation of residual stresses shows a similar tendency between the advancing side and the retreating side. Both the mitigation of residual stress in the stir zone and the formation of compressive residual stress in the thermomechanical affected zone contribute to the improvement of the mechanical properties of the friction stir welded joints.
IL21 Therapy Combined with PD-1 and Tim-3 Blockade Provides Enhanced NK Cell Antitumor Activity against MHC Class I–Deficient Tumors
Authors: Seo Hyungseok , Kim Byung-Seok , Bae Eun-Ah , Min Byung Soh , Han Yoon Dae , Shin Sang Joon , Kang Chang-Yuil
Published: April 2018

Increased expression of coinhibitory molecules such as PD-1 and Tim-3 on NK cells has been demonstrated in advanced cancer patients who harbor MHC class I–deficient tumors. However, even in preclinical models, the antitumor effects of checkpoint blockade on NK cells have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we show that anti–PD-1/anti–Tim-3 treatment suppressed tumor progression in mice bearing MHC class I–deficient tumors, and the suppression was further enhanced by recombinant IL21 (rIL21) treatments through an NK-cell–dependent mechanism. We also show that the intratumoral delivery of rIL21 attracted NK cells to the tumor site in a CXCR3-dependent fashion. A combination of IL21 and checkpoint blockade facilitated the effector function of exhausted NK cells in cancer patients. Given the effects of the checkpoint blockade and rIL21 combination on NK cells infiltrating into MHC class I–deficient tumors, we suggest that the efficacy of checkpoint blockade can be enhanced through the administration of IL21 for advanced cancer patients with MHC class I–low/deficient tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(6); 685–95. ©2018 AACR.
Fluoride Levels in Unstimulated Whole Saliva following Clinical Application of Different 5% NaF Varnishes
Authors: Downey Danika , Dennison Joseph , Eckert George J. , Flannagan Susan E. , Neiva Gisele F. , Yaman Peter , González-Cabezas Carlos
Published: April 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release from differently formulated 5% NaF varnishes into unstimulated whole saliva in vivo. The fluoride concentration in unstimulated whole saliva was determined after the application of 3 different 5% NaF varnishes (5% NaF, 5% NaF + tricalcium phosphate [TCP], and 5% NaF + amorphous calcium phosphate [ACP]) or a placebo. Fifteen subjects were recruited and enrolled following Institutional Review Board approval based upon the inclusion/exclusion criteria of this study. A cross-over study design was used for the application of either one of the 5% NaF varnishes or a placebo. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected at baseline and at 1, 4, 6, 26, and 50 h following application and analyzed for supernatant ionic fluoride and whole fluoride by microdiffusion. Linear mixed-effects models (5% significance level) were used to determine the effects of varnish and time on the salivary fluoride concentration. The highest amount of fluoride in saliva was found 1 h after application of the fluoride varnishes, with no significant differences among the treatment varnishes with respect to whole fluoride but with lower levels for 5% NaF + ACP in the saliva supernatant. Salivary fluoride levels at 4, 6, and 26 h decreased at each time point and were generally significantly higher for 5% NaF and 5% NaF + TCP. After 50 h, fluoride levels in saliva for all groups were at or below baseline levels. In conclusion, the formulation of other ingredients in fluoride varnishes can affect the fluoride concentration in saliva. The reasons for this phenomenon warrant further investigation since it might affect efficacy of the treatment. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01629290).
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy as Adjuvant Treatment for Hardware-Related Infections in Neuromodulation
Authors: Bartek Jr. Jiri , Skyrman Simon , Nekludov Michael , Mathiesen Tiit , Lind Folke , Schechtmann Gaston
Published: April 2018

Background: In neuromodulation therapies, hardware-related infections are a major challenge often leading to hardware removal. Objective: To investigate the role of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in hardware-related infections. Methods: Fourteen hardware-related infection events in 12 consecutive patients between 2002 and 2015 were treated with antibiotics and adjuvant HBOT at the Karolinska University Hospital (Stockholm, Sweden). Two time-independent infection events related to hardware replacements occurred in 2 patients. Infection resolution and the need for hardware removal were assessed. Results: Twelve out of 14 events of hardware-related infection were successfully treated without hardware removal (86%). The 2 patients treated twice with HBOT on 2 time-independent occasions could retain their hardware in both cases. Hardware was removed following HBOT failure in 2 infection events, with long-term infection control achieved in all patients. Further, an intrathecal pump malfunction caused by HBOT at 2.8 bars was observed, leading to a change in the manufacturer’s guidelines. Conclusions: This study indicates a potential benefit of adjuvant HBOT in the treatment of hardware-related infections in neuromodulation, diminishing the need for hardware removal and treatment interruption. Prospective studies are warranted to establish the role of adjuvant HBOT in the treatment of hardware-related infections in neuromodulation.
Prevalence of Hypersensitivity Reactions in Children Associated with Acetaminophen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gabrielli Sofianne , Langlois Alexandra , Ben-Shoshan Moshe
Published: April 2018

Background: Acetaminophen is the most commonly used antipyretic in children. However, there are limited data assessing hypersensitivity reactions related to acetaminophen usage. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review to characterize reported reactions to acetaminophen in adults and children, and perform a meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of acetaminophen hypersensitivity in children with a suspected acetaminophen allergy. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies reporting hypersensitivity reactions to acetaminophen by searching 2 electronic databases. From the selected studies, we included those assessing the prevalence of acetaminophen hypersensitivity by performing oral challenge in our meta-analysis. Results: Eighty-five studies were included in the systematic review, assessing a total of 1,030 participants. Immediate (within 1 h of exposure) hypersensitivity reactions were reported in > 25% of the articles, while cutaneous nonimmediate reactions were similarly reported in about 25% of the articles. The remaining articles reported Steven-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, fixed drug eruptions, and cross-intolerance reactions. Five pediatric studies were included in our meta-analysis. The prevalence of acetaminophen hypersensitivity reaction among children undergoing oral challenge was 10.1% (95% confidence interval 4.5–15.5). Conclusion: Future studies assessing the risk of immediate and nonimmediate hypersensitivity reactions to acetaminophen and elucidating the mechanism of acetaminophen hypersensitivity reactions are required.
Modest Impact of Serial Measurements of Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers in an Adult Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Isshiki Rei , Asada Toshifumi , Sumida Maki , Hamasaki Yoshifumi , Nangaku Masaomi , Noiri Eisei , Doi Kent
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers have been developed with the aim of being able to detect kidney damage earlier than the detection process based on serum creatinine levels. However, single time-point measurements appear to furnish insufficient information for detecting and predicting AKI in intensive care unit patients who are frequently affected by multiple and transient/persistent renal insults. We evaluated whether serial measurements enable the prediction of AKI outcomes in such patients. Methods: Serial measurements of AKI biomarkers, including plasma and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein, and urinary N-acethyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (d1) and 24 h later (d2) were performed for critically ill adult patients in a mixed ICU. We assessed whether each biomarker could predict newly developed AKI, recovery from AKI, worsening of AKI, and hospital mortality. Results: Among the enrolled 272 patients, 33 were determined to show newly developed AKI after ICU admission, 58 showed worsening of AKI, 57 recovered from AKI, and 38 died in the hospital. ROC analysis showed that biomarkers at day 2 provided no significant additional benefit in predicting the above-mentioned AKI outcomes compared with those at day 1. However, net reclassification improvement analysis demonstrated that adding day 2 biomarkers to the clinical model comprising clinical variables along with day 1 biomarkers significantly improved the prediction of these AKI outcomes. Conclusion: Serial measurement of AKI biomarkers used in clinical models could contribute to the prediction of AKI outcomes in a heterogeneous cohort of adult mixed ICU patients, although its reliability seemed to be modest.
Challenges of Retrograde Ureteroscopy in Patients with Urinary Diversion: Outcomes and Lessons Learnt from a Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Ramachandra Meghana N. , Somani Bhaskar K.
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Retrograde ureteroscopy (URS) can be safely and successfully performed in patients who have had previous urinary diversion (UD). With broadening indications and advances in technology, URS can be used in complex cases. In this review article, we have summarized the relevant published literature regarding the outcomes and challenges encountered during retrograde URS in patients with UD. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic review of literature according to Cochrane and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines for all studies reporting on retrograde URS from inception to September 2017. A literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane library for all English language articles. Results: Our literature search identified 6 retrospective studies. In total, 125 patients with a mean age of 67 years (range 28–90 years) underwent retrograde URS (190 procedures) after UD for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The main indications included upper urinary tract filling defects (due to either intrinsic pathology or extrinsic compression), strictures due to ureteral thickening, stone disease, and surveillance for suspected malignancy. The success rate and complications across the studies varied from 56 to 80% and 0 to 44% respectively, with most complications being Clavien I in nature. Conclusion: Retrograde URS can be technically challenging due to ureteric cannulation, strictures, and anatomical variations. However, there is very little evidence currently available on this topic with data based on retrospective case series. In experienced hands, it seems to be relatively successful with a low risk of major complications.
The Biological Effect and Clinical Application of Long Noncoding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Zhenqiang , Liu Jinbo , Chen Chen , Zhou Quanbo , Yang Shuaixi , Wang Guixian , Song Junmin , Li Zhen , Zhang Zhiyong , Xu Jizhong , Sun Xiantao , Chang Yuan , Yuan Weitang
Published: April 2018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Easier recurrence and metastasis is the main cause of mortality in CRC patients, and the markers applied for diagnosis and treatment of CRC is still urgently needed to early diagnose and evaluate therapeutic effect. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of noncoding RNA that the length is more than 200 nucleotides. With the development of sequencing technique about transcriptome, increasing lncRNAs are focused on their function and mechanism related to the nosogenesis and pathology of CRC. Recent studies report that lncRNAs acted as crucial role in CRC and could be as biomarker for CRC diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we display the regulation of lncRNA by interacting with DNA, RNA and protein and highlight the double role of lncRNAs as oncogene or anti-tumor gene involved in Wnt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway or others to be an regulator in CRC development. Lastly, we discuss some new finding of lncRNAs, especially lncRNA in exosome, which could be as potential markers for diagnosis and treatment of CRC in future.
MicroRNA-330-3p Expression Indicates Good Prognosis and Suppresses Cell Proliferation by Targeting Bmi-1 in Osteosarcoma
Authors: Zheng Zhenxin , Bao Feng , Chen Xuhong , Huang Hongbin , Zhang Xiangfeng
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: Growing evidence has shown that miR-330-3p is closely related to the biological behavior of cancer, including proliferation, metastasis, and prognosis. However, there have been no reports on miR-330-3p expression and function in osteosarcoma. Methods: Expression of miR-330-3p in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines was examined by quantitative PCR. Effects of miR-330-3p on osteosarcoma cell proliferation were investigated in vitro with the Cell Counting Kit-8 colorimetric assay. Targets of miR-330-3p were identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: The results showed that expression of miR-330 decreased in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Prognosis of patients with high miR-330-3p expression was much better than that of those with low expression (P=0.001), and multivariate analysis suggested that miR-330-3p is an independent prognostic factor for osteosarcoma. In addition, miR-330-3p overexpression significantly inhibited the growth of MG-63 and U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that Bmi-1 was a direct target gene of miR-330-3p, and in a recovery experiment, miR-330-3p suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation by directly targeting Bmi-1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that miR-330-3p acts as a tumor suppressor by regulating Bmi-1 expression in osteosarcoma. Thus, miR-330-3p may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
DEPTOR Deficiency-Mediated mTORc1 Hyperactivation in Vascular Endothelial Cells Promotes Angiogenesis
Authors: Ding Yan , Shan Lanlan , Nai Wenqing , Lin Xiaojun , Zhou Ling , Dong Xiaoying , Wu Hongyuan , Xiao Min , Zhou Xuejuan , Wang Linlin , Li Ting , Fu You , Lin Yijun , Jia Chunhong , Dai Meng , Bai Xiaochun
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is essential for angiogenesis and embryonic development. DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) is an mTOR binding protein that functions to inhibit the mTOR pathway In vitro experiments suggest that DEPTOR is crucial for vascular endothelial cell (EC) activation and angiogenic responses. However, knowledge of the effects of DEPTOR on angiogenesis in vivo is limited. This study aimed to determine the role of DEPTOR in tissue angiogenesis and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms. Methods: Cre/loxP conditional gene knockout strategy was used to delete the Deptor gene in mouse vascular ECs. The expression or distribution of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were detected by immunohistochemical staining or western blot. Tube formation assay was used to measure angiogenesis in vitro. Results: Deptor knockdown led to increased expression of CD31, VEGF and HIF-1α in heart, liver, kidney and aorta. After treatment with rapamycin, their expression was significantly down regulated. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transfected with DEPTOR-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), which resulted in a significant increase in endothelial tube formation and migration rates. In contrast, DEPTOR overexpression markedly reduced the expression of CD31, VEGF and HIF-1α. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that deletion of the Deptor gene in vascular ECs resulted in upregulated expression of CD31 and HIF-1α, and further stimulated the expression of VEGF which promoted angiogenesis, indicating that disruption of normal angiogenic pathways may occur through hyperactivation of the mTORC1/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway.
Nutritional evaluation of millet at different seeding rates and cutting heights
Authors: Milke Lilian Monise , Campana Mariana , Antônio Giovani , Morais Jozivaldo Prudêncio Gomes de , Zilio Elissandra Maiara de Castro , Santos Juliana Aparecida Alves dos , Del Valle Tiago Antonio
Published: April 2018

This study evaluated the effect of different seeding rates and cutting heights on production and composition of millet. Two randomized block design experiments were performed. In the first trial, 32 parcels (1.2 × 1.2 m) were used for evaluation of seeding rate of 24, 35, 50 and 60 kg/ha. Three cuts were carried out to evaluate plant height, fresh and dry mass yield, dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentration and in situ DM and NDF digestibility. In the second trial, 20 parcels (1.2 × 3.0 m) were used to evaluate 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm of cutting heights for two growing cycles, performing the evaluations previously listed. Seeding rate linearly increased plant height, fresh and dry mass production, and tended to linearly decrease dry matter in situ digestibility, without effects on forage composition. Cutting height had no effect on crude protein (CP) concentration, but linearly increased plant height, dry mass production, DM content and tended to decrease NDF in situ digestibility and ADL content. Thus, the use of the highest evaluated seeding rates (60 kg/ha) and cutting height (50 cm) increased forage production; however, the use of the lowest residual height increased forage quality.
Association of Biomarker Clusters With Cardiac Phenotypes and Mortality in Patients With HIV Infection
Authors: Scherzer Rebecca , Shah Sanjiv J. , Secemsky Eric , Butler Javed , Grunfeld Carl , Shlipak Michael G. , Hsue Priscilla Y.
Published: April 2018

Background:

Although individual cardiac biomarkers are associated with heart failure risk and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected individuals, their combined use for prediction has not been well studied.

Methods and Results:

Unsupervised k-means cluster analysis was performed blinded to the study outcomes in 332 HIV-infected participants on 8 biomarkers: ST2, NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), GDF-15 (growth differentiation factor 15), cystatin C, IL-6 (interleukin-6), D-dimer, and troponin. We evaluated cross-sectional associations of each cluster with diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension (defined as echocardiographic pulmonary artery systolic pressure ≥35 mm Hg), and longitudinal associations with all-cause mortality. The biomarker-derived clusters partitioned subjects into 3 groups. Cluster 3 (n=103) had higher levels of CRP, IL-6, and D-dimer (inflammatory phenotype). Cluster 2 (n=86) displayed elevated levels of ST2, NT-proBNP, and GDF-15 (cardiac phenotype). Cluster 1 (n=143) had lower levels of both phenotype-associated biomarkers. After multivariable adjustment for traditional and HIV-related risk factors, cluster 3 was associated with a 51% increased risk of diastolic dysfunction (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.02), and cluster 2 was associated with a 67% increased risk of pulmonary hypertension (95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.68), relative to cluster 1. Over a median 6.9-year follow-up, 48 deaths occurred. Cluster 3 was independently associated with a 3.3-fold higher risk of mortality relative to cluster 1 (95% confidence interval, 1.3–8.1), and cluster 2 had a 3.1-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval, 1.1–8.4), even after controlling for diastolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, left ventricular mass, and ejection fraction.

Conclusions:

Serum biomarkers can be used to classify HIV-infected individuals into separate clusters for differentiating cardiopulmonary structural and functional abnormalities and can predict mortality independent of these structural and functional measures.
DNA barcoding, phylogeny and phylogeography of the cyst nematode species of the Avenae group from the genus Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Toumi Fateh , Elekçioğlu Ibrahim Halil , Waeyenberge Lieven , Tanha Maafi Zahra
Published: April 2018

Among the recognised species groups of Heterodera, the Avenae group is one of the largest with a total of 12 species. Ten of them, H. arenaria, H. aucklandica, H. australis, H. avenae, H. filipjevi, H. mani, H. pratensis, H. riparia, H. sturhani and H. ustinovi, are morphologically closely related and represent the H. avenae species complex, and the other two, H. hordecalis and H. latipons, are morphologically more distinct from this complex. In this study we provide comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of several hundred COI and ITS rRNA gene sequences from the Avenae group using Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and statistical parsimony. Some 220 COI and 11 ITS rRNA new gene sequences from 147 nematode populations collected in 26 countries were obtained in this study. Our study showed that the COI gene is a powerful DNA barcoding marker for identification of populations and species from the Avenae group. A putatively new cyst nematode species related to H. latipons was revealed from the analysis of COI and ITS rRNA gene datasets. COI gene sequences allow distinguishing H. arenaria, H. australis and H. sturhani from each other and other species. Problems of species delimiting of these species are discussed. The results of the analysis showed that COI haplotypes corresponded to certain pathotypes of the cereal cyst nematodes. It is recommended that information on COI haplotypes of studied populations be included in research with these nematodes. Based on the results of phylogeographical analysis and age estimation of clades with a molecular clock approach, it was hypothesised that several species of the Avenae group primarily originated and diversified in the Irano-Anatolian hotspot during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods and then dispersed from this region across the world. Different geographic barriers, centres and times of origin might explain current known distribution patterns for species of the Avenae group. Possible pathways, including a long distance trans-Atlantic dispersal, and secondary centres of diversification are proposed and discussed.
Authorisation and Representation before Leviathan
Authors: Douglass Robin
Published: April 2018

In this article, I show that Hobbes’s account of the generation of the commonwealth in both The Elements of Law and De Cive relies on ideas that he would come to theorise in terms of authorisation and representation in Leviathan. In this respect, I argue that the Leviathan account is better understood as filling in gaps and resolving equivocations in Hobbes’s theory, rather than marking a decisive break in his thinking. This argument is developed by substantiating two more specific theses. First, while Hobbes only explicitly distinguishes between the “alienation” and “authorisation” clauses of the covenant in Leviathan, the earlier versions of his theory rely on a two-clause account. Second, in the earlier versions of his theory, Hobbes equivocates between suggesting that the relation between the state and sovereign should be understood in terms of representation or identity; an equivocation that he would only resolve in Leviathan.
Two new Chinese species of Tomocerus at different stages of troglomorphic adaptation (Collembola, Tomoceridae)
Authors: YU DAOYUAN , DEHARVENG LOUIS
Published: April 2018

Two new species of Tomocerus are described from caves in Guizhou and Guangxi Province, China. Tomocerus troglodytes sp. nov. is highly troglomorphic. It belongs to the kinoshitai complex, and is most similar to another eyeless and colourless species Tomocerus caecus, from which it differs as it has longer antennae; 2,2/2,2/2+2/0 versus 2,2/2,5/0/0 cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy formula; 6 versus 4 central macrochaetae on Th. II; 0 versus 2 ungual teeth; unguis devoid of baso-internal ridges; 3–5/3–5, I, 0–1, I versus 4–5/1–2,I–II,0–1,I–II dental spines formula; 2–4 versus 1 tenacular chaetae; and 0 versus 1 mucronal intermediate teeth. In contrast, Tomocerus leyensis sp. nov. is at an earlier stage of troglomorphic adaptation. It resembles several cave-dwelling species of the ocreatus complex in habitus and shape of dental spines, but differs in the following characters: absence of large postantennal organ; cephalic dorsal chaetotaxy formula 2/2,4/2+2/2+2 versus other patterns; larger number of ungual teeth; and only 1 large distal dental spine. The troglomorphic characteristics of the two species are discussed with emphasis on their potential adaptation to cave habitats.
A new species of Myloplus Gill (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Tumucumaque Mountain Range, Brazil and French Guiana, with comments on M. rubripinnis
Authors: ANDRADE MARCELO C. , JÉGU MICHEL , GAMA CECILE S.
Published: April 2018

A new species of Myloplus Gill is described from Eastern Tumucumaque Mountain Range, drainages of the Oyapock and Araguari rivers between Brazil and French Guiana. The new species is diagnosed by having comparatively large scales on the flanks, resulting in lower counts when compared with congeners, i.e., 59 to 70 total perforated scales on lateral line, 31 to 35 longitudinal scales above lateral line, 24 to 29 longitudinal scales below lateral line, and 22 to 26 circumpeduncular scale rows. The new species most closely resembles Myloplus rubripinnis by sharing with this species a general rounded shape, a similar color pattern, and a high number of rays, i.e., 23 to 25 branched dorsal-fin rays and 35 to 38 branched anal-fin rays in the new species (vs. 24 to 25 and 32 to 40, respectively, in M. rubripinnis). After reviewing the available type-specimens of all Myloplus species, M. rubripinnis is re-diagnosed as having higher counts of branched dorsal-fin rays and anal-fin rays combined to tiny scales on flanks, i.e., 85 to 89 total perforated scales on lateral line, 38 to 45 longitudinal scales above lateral line, 33 to 42 longitudinal scales below lateral line, and 30 to 39 circumpeduncular scale rows.
Computation and Characterization of Local Subfilter-Scale Energy Transfers in Atmospheric Flows
Authors: Faranda Davide , Lembo Valerio , Iyer Manasa , Kuzzay Denis , Chibbaro Sergio , Daviaud Francois , Dubrulle Berengere
Published: April 2018

Atmospheric motions are governed by turbulent motions associated to nontrivial energy transfers at small scales (direct cascade) and/or at large scales (inverse cascade). Although it is known that the two cascades coexist, energy fluxes have been previously investigated from the spectral point of view but not on their instantaneous spatial and local structure. Here, we compute local and instantaneous subfilter-scale energy transfers in two sets of reanalyses (NCEP–NCAR and ERA-Interim) in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere for the year 2005. The fluxes are mostly positive (toward subgrid scales) in the troposphere and negative in the stratosphere, reflecting the baroclinic and barotropic nature of the motions, respectively. The most intense positive energy fluxes are found in the troposphere and are associated with baroclinic eddies or tropical cyclones. The computation of such fluxes can be used to characterize the amount of energy lost or missing at the smallest scales in climate and weather models.
Improvement of the Simulation of Cloud Longwave Scattering in Broadband Radiative Transfer Models
Authors: Tang Guanglin , Yang Ping , Kattawar George W. , Huang Xianglei , Mlawer Eli J. , Baum Bryan A. , King Michael D.
Published: April 2018

Cloud longwave scattering is generally neglected in general circulation models (GCMs), but it plays a significant and highly uncertain role in the atmospheric energy budget as demonstrated in recent studies. To reduce the errors caused by neglecting cloud longwave scattering, two new radiance adjustment methods are developed that retain the computational efficiency of broadband radiative transfer simulations. In particular, two existing scaling methods and the two new adjustment methods are implemented in the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM). The results are then compared with those based on the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT) that explicitly accounts for multiple scattering by clouds. The two scaling methods are shown to improve the accuracy of radiative transfer simulations for optically thin clouds but not effectively for optically thick clouds. However, the adjustment methods reduce computational errors over a wide range, from optically thin to thick clouds. With the adjustment methods, the errors resulting from neglecting cloud longwave scattering are reduced to less than 2 W m−2 for the upward irradiance at the top of the atmosphere and less than 0.5 W m−2 for the surface downward irradiance. The adjustment schemes prove to be more accurate and efficient than a four-stream approximation that explicitly accounts for multiple scattering. The neglect of cloud longwave scattering results in an underestimate of the surface downward irradiance (cooling effect), but the errors are almost eliminated by the adjustment methods (warming effect).