bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capítulo 18: Explorando la eficiencia de TikTok en la enseñanza del inglés: un análisis del aprendizaje en estudiantes
Authors:   Universidad Privada de Tacna, Laura De La Cruz Kevin Mario , Espinoza Vidaurre Sam Michael ,   Universidad Privada de Tacna, Matos Juarez Analy Solange ,   Universidad Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Salazar Zavaleta Jesika Ruby ,   Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Chiri Saravia Paulo Cesar ,   Universidad Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Leo Rossi Ernesto Alessandro ,   Escuela de Posgrado Newman de Tacna
Published: February 2024

Este estudio se enfocó en explorar la relación entre la utilización de la plataforma TikTok y el avance en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés entre estudiantes. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de correlación, evaluando las respuestas proporcionadas por 152 estudiantes a través de un cuestionario. Los resultados revelaron que aproximadamente la mitad de los estudiantes (50%) hacía uso regular de TikTok, mientras que el 27.63% lo utilizaba de manera óptima y el 22.37% de manera deficiente. En cuanto a los patrones de utilización de TikTok por parte de los estudiantes, se observó que la mayoría lo empleaba de forma recurrente para actividades relacionadas con la Web 2.0, como compartir información (50.0%) y participar en comunidades virtuales (49.34%). En lo que respecta al aprendizaje del inglés, el 49.34% de los estudiantes demostró un nivel regular, el 26.97% presentó un nivel bueno y el 23.68% mostró un nivel deficiente. Estos patrones se mantuvieron consistentes en diversas habilidades del inglés, incluyendo la comprensión oral (49.34%), expresión oral (50.0%), comprensión de textos (52.63%) y producción de textos (46.05%). El análisis estadístico, utilizando la prueba no paramétrica de Rho de Spearman, arrojó un coeficiente de correlación de 0.691, lo que indica una relación moderada y positiva entre el uso de TikTok y el progreso en el aprendizaje del inglés. Estos resultados respaldan la existencia de una correlación significativa entre el empleo de TikTok y el desarrollo del inglés, sugiriendo que TikTok puede ejercer un impacto considerable en el proceso de adquisición de este idioma por parte de los estudiantes.
Capítulo 2: Evaluación de la Efectividad del Plan de Continuidad del Negocio en Tecnologías de la Información en Pymes
Authors:   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Palmera Quintero Luis Manuel , Ríos Barona Danny Jhoan ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, León Karen ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar, Toscano María Fernanda ,   Universidad Popular del Cesar
Published: February 2024

La seguridad de la información se ha convertido en una de las principales preocupaciones de las organizaciones en un mundo cada vez más digital, donde la auditoría de sistemas es una herramienta crucial para evaluar y mejorar la seguridad de la información de las empresas. Para mejorar la seguridad de la información en entornos corporativos, este estudio investiga la efectividad de tener un plan de continuidad del negocio. En el que se revisó exhaustivamente la literatura sobre seguridad de la información, llegando al punto de determinar que la planificación adecuada, la evaluación de riesgos, la detección de vulnerabilidades y la capacitación del personal de auditoría eran factores clave que influyeran en la eficiencia de un plan de continuidad del negocio. En este estudio se utilizó un diseño de investigación cualitativo con una metodología exploratoria y descriptiva. Se tomó la empresa Ruta del Sol – Sector 2 como eje principal de la investigación ya que cuenta con un plan de continuidad del negocio siendo así la población objetivo del estudio. Teniendo una muestra, que se elegirá intencionalmente (mediante muestreo no probabilístico), se incluirán especialistas en TI, gerentes de continuidad del negocio y otros actores cruciales involucrados en la gestión de la continuidad del negocio de la empresa. También se abordaron las dificultades comunes que encuentran las empresas, los hallazgos enfatizan la importancia de tener planes de contingencia como un proceso continuo y la necesidad de una cooperación eficiente entre los equipos de auditoría y los responsables de la seguridad de la información. Para aumentar la eficacia de las auditorías de sistemas en la seguridad de la información empresarial, este estudio proporciona una descripción general de las mejores prácticas y recomendaciones.
Menerapkan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Sistem Persamaan Linier Dua Variabel Di Kelas VIII
Authors: Bangun Donny Permana
Published: February 2024

Subjek penelitian ini merupakan 32 siswa dari kelas VIII, dengan objek penelitian adalah implementasi pembelajaran matematika realistik. Instrumen penelitian melibatkan tes, observasi, wawancara, dan angket. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari 2 siklus, masing-masing terdiri dari 2 pertemuan. Tes awal dilakukan sebelum intervensi, diikuti oleh tes hasil belajar di akhir setiap siklus. Analisis data menunjukkan peningkatan hasil tes awal hingga tes hasil belajar matematika siswa. Jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar pada tes awal adalah 6 dari 32 siswa (18,75%) dengan rata-rata kelas 41,09. Analisis data pada siklus I setelah penerapan pembelajaran matematika realistik menunjukkan siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar adalah 22 dari 32 siswa (68,75%) dengan rata-rata kelas 69,38. Pada siklus II, hasil analisis data menunjukkan siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar adalah 28 dari 32 siswa (87,5%) dengan rata-rata kelas 77,97. Ini menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Berdasarkan kriteria ketuntasan belajar klasikal, pembelajaran ini berhasil mencapai target. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui pembelajaran matematika realistik, hasil belajar matematika siswa, terutama pada pokok bahasan sistem persamaan linier dua variabel di kelas VIII, mengalami peningkatan. Saran yang diajukan adalah guru dapat menerapkan pembelajaran matematika realistik sebagai alternatif untuk lebih melatih siswa dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar.
Penerapan Algoritma Naive Bayes Dalam Pengadaan Buku Referensi Pada Perpustakaan SMA Negeri 1 Trimurjo Berbasis Web
Authors: Angga Saputra Dinata  , Nisar
Published: February 2024

Pengadaan buku referensi baru dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya berdasarkan jumlah buku, tahun terbit buku, dan minat guru. Dari faktor tersebut kemudian diambil kesimpulan untuk pengadaan buku referensi baru yang dilakukan. Tidak adanya algoritma tertentu dalam pengadaan buku referensi menjadikan petugas perpustakaan mengalami kesulitan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Maka dari itu dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat merekomendasikan pengadaan buku referensi berdasarkan faktor-faktor tersebut. Sistem pengadaan buku referensi dibuat dengan menerapkan algoritma naive bayes dengan faktor tahun buku, jumlah buku, dan minat. Sistem dibangun berbasiskan web menggunakan bahasa pemograman Dart dengan framework flutter. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan metode prototype dengan tiga tahapan yaitu mendengarkan pelanggan, membangun mock-up, dan mnguji mock-up. Sistem ini dapat dijadikan sebagai media rekomendasi pengadaan buku referensi dengan hasil “Ya” dan “Tidak” pada mata pelajaran yang ditentukan. Sistem ini juga terdapat informasi data buku pada tiap mata pelajaran sehingga memudahkan petugas dalam mengelola data buku tersebut. Hasi penelitian membuktikan bahwa sistem informasi ini sangat membantu petugas dalam mengambil keputusan mengani pengadaan buku referensi di perpustakaan.
Natural Language Processing Advancements: Breaking Barriers in Human-Computer Interaction
Authors: Carrasco Ramírez José Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Natural Language Processing (NLP) advancements have revolutionized human-computer interaction, breaking barriers and opening new frontiers in technology. NLP techniques enable machines to understand, interpret, and generate human language, facilitating seamless communication between humans and computers. This paper explores recent advancements in NLP technology, highlighting their impact on various domains and discussing challenges and future directions in the field
Microtiempos. Estudio de Niké contemporánea
Authors: Lencina Molino
Published: February 2024

Catálogo de la Exposición celebrada del 4 de octubre al 7 de noviembre de 2023, en Sala La Capilla, Rectorado de la Universidad de Murcia. Organizado por el Servicio de Cultura. El estudio del cuerpo humano de Lencina Molino, a través del vaciado del natural, se muestra en la sala de La Capilla con la representación de la diosa de la victoria Niké, que completa su presencia con el valor y el significado del propio espacio donde se encuentra. La puesta en escena anuncia al visitante una serie de conceptos, en donde la escultura y el lugar coexisten entre sí adquiriendo, solo entonces, el valor en su conjunto. La imagen que nos presenta es el resultado de un largo proceso de producción y, gracias a la plasticidad de los materiales, consigue una obra cargada de detalles, en donde cada uno de ellos es sumamente importante para explicar la concepción de cuerpo y verdad. El peso de la realidad es a veces más sorprendente que la ficción o los cánones maniobrados con belleza. Pese a los avances técnicos y a las increíbles posibilidades tecnológicas de hoy en día, afortunadamente, permanece en nosotros el deseo de creación tradicional. Esta práctica tiene aún la capacidad de sorprendernos, de comprobar que es cierto poder transmitir emociones con las manos, trasladarlas a un material, y que éste nos hable. Quizá, gracias al trabajo humano, real, intransferible e irremplazable, es cuando realmente nos sentimos capaces de crear nuestra propia idea de arte, sin que ello implique anular la opinión del resto. La subjetividad provoca una alteración de las formas en el mundo, y nos damos cuenta de que, efectivamente, los objetos sí pueden transmitir.
Nadzieja, niezgoda, solidarność. Sztuka społecznie zaangażowana na czasy kryzysów
Authors: Ogrodzka Dorota
Published: February 2024

This article is wrapped around the notion of artivism and social art revealing the variety of phenomena and philosophies that fall within the field of these practices. The author looks at current trends in social art and discusses them both in relation to the broader, current context of the field of art and from the perspective of potential future developments. She cites selected examples of activities that combine art, activism, education, and work with the community and, analyzing them, points out their main goals and the demands for change they bring with them. In doing so, she seeks to name the most relevant and vital topics and social issues – both those already being addressed and explored by engaged art, and those that appear to be an important direction for it to head in. Key-words: community art, participation, artivism, democratic turn, audiences, art with community
GADAI MOTOR DESA CINANGSI KECAMATAN CIBOGO KABUPATEN SUBANG MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Sopani Muhamad , Abbas Ahmad Sudirman , Fitri Ahmad Asrof
Published: February 2024

According to positive law and Islamic law, this undergraduate thesis examines motorbike pawning in the village of CAnangsi, Cibogo sub-district, Subang Regency. The main issue with this research is that the system utilized in the practice of pawning in the village of Cinangsi still relies on family and confidence between the pawner and the recipient of the pawn without a clear agreement, raising the possibility of future conflicts. The purpose of this study is to determine, among other things, how the implementation of motorcycle pawning occurred in the village of Cinangsi, how the positive legal and islamic law review of the motorcycle pawn contract in the village of Cinangsi. This study used a qualitative approach with purposive sampling data collection techniques. According to the findings of the study, the pawn contract used in Cinangsi Village does not use a written agreement and instead relies on a mutual trusting attitude. This is contrary to positive law in Indonesia, namely Article 1151 of the Criminal Code because pawn transactions conducted by Chinese citizens are not covered by a pawn agreement. Meanwhile, according to Islamic law, pawning in Cinangsi is not permissible because the pillars and requirements for pawning are not met, specifically the pawn transaction does not set a time restriction for making a pawn contract.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND FAMILY DEVELOPMENT AMONG RESIDENTS OF EDO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: IFEBHOR, Patricia Enivie  , IGHORHIOWHUNU, Oghogho Joan
Published: February 2024

The world today has become a global village of the advancement of the information and communication technology. Apart from the physical economy, it was created a digital economy where almost all that can take place in the physical can also take place. Does this have any impact on the development of the family? This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between online marketing, social media and family development among residents of Edo state. This study will adopt the correlational survey design. Three research questions were raised to guide the study, while three corresponding hypotheses were formulated for this study. The sample of people living in the three senatorial districts of Edo State, Nigeria, was drawn using a multi-stage sampling approach. The Impart of Digital Economy Tools Scale (IDETS) was the tool used to gather the data. The analytical works were addressed using inferential statistics, the first two hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment method, and the third hypothesis was tested using the method of multiple regression at the threshold of 0.05 percent. From the results, it was found that there is a significant relationship between online marketing and use of social media and family development; and that online marketing has a higher influence on family development. Based on the above, it was recommended that families should explore the positive and development aspect of online marketing to the advantage of family development; family members should focus more on the development of the family, which is the main idea behind internet development and use than the pathological aspect; and finally, that the government should make policies towards the regulation of internet use to control for addiction/overuse.
In Silico Exploration of APOE4 Inhibitors: Molecular Docking and ADMET Profiling for Alzheimer's Therapy
Authors: Shafique Sehrish , Tabish Muhammad Saud , Khaliq Hafiz Muhammad Haseeb , Khalid Ammara
Published: February 2024

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. The aggregation of Amyloid-β peptide and the presence of apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) are recognized as central factors in AD pathogenesis. Despite the availability of FDA-approved drugs, there remains a dire need for more effective and targeted treatments to combat this disease. The advent of in silico methodologies offers a promising avenue for accelerating the drug discovery process, providing a cost-effective and efficient means to screen for potential therapeutic agents.
Objective: This study aimed to identify and evaluate potential inhibitors of apoE4 using in silico drug discovery methods. By targeting the interaction domain of apoE4, the study sought to discover compounds capable of reducing beta-amyloid aggregation, thus offering a novel approach to AD therapy.
Methods: Computational techniques, including the Lipinski Rule of Five and ADMET filtering, were employed to screen a dataset of 80 chemical inhibitors retrieved from the NCBI database. Molecular docking was performed to assess the binding affinities and orientations of the compounds to apoE4, utilizing Phyre2 for 3D structure prediction and AutoDock Vina for docking simulations. The selection criteria for lead compounds were based on their binding energy, hydrogen bonding interactions, and compliance with drug-like properties.
Results: Out of the initial 80 compounds screened, 15 were excluded based on the Lipinski Rule of Five, and an additional 43 were deemed unsuitable following ADMET analysis. Molecular docking identified two compounds, taxifolin and luteolin, exhibiting superior binding affinities to apoE4, with taxifolin showing the lowest binding energy of -7.4 kcal/mol and the highest number of hydrogen bonds in one of its conformations.
Conclusion: The study successfully leveraged in silico methods to identify taxifolin and luteolin as potent inhibitors of apoE4, highlighting the potential of computational drug discovery in developing novel AD therapies. These findings pave the way for future experimental validation and clinical trials to assess the therapeutic efficacy and safety of these compounds in treating Alzheimer's disease.
Comparison of Efficacy of 5% Tranexamic Acid vs 20% Azelaic Acid in Patients of Melasma
Authors: Mushtaq Fasiha , Marwat Riaz Khan , Saleem Maria , Khan Anum , Khan Sara , Imran Huma
Published: February 2024

Background: Melasma is a significant cosmetic concern globally, affecting individuals across various ethnic backgrounds, particularly in South Asian populations. The condition's etiology is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors such as sun exposure. Despite numerous treatment options, melasma remains challenging to manage effectively. Recent studies have explored the efficacy of tranexamic acid and azelaic acid, both of which target the melanin synthesis pathway but through different mechanisms.
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of topical 5% tranexamic acid versus 20% azelaic acid in the treatment of melasma, with a focus on changes in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) scores.
Methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted at the Dermatology department of PIMS Hospital, Pakistan, over six months from August 2023 to January 2024. A total of 200 patients with melasma were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: Group A received 5% tranexamic acid cream, and Group B received 20% azelaic acid cream, both applied twice daily. Inclusion criteria included men and women aged 18 to 50 years with a diagnosis of melasma for at least six months. Pregnant women, patients with a history of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), and those on hormonal therapy were excluded. The primary outcome measure was the change in MASI scores from baseline to the end of the study period. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.
Results: The study found significant differences in treatment efficacy between the two groups. Group A (tranexamic acid) showed a reduction in MASI scores from 7.94 ± 1.88 at baseline to 5.50 ± 1.61 post-treatment. Group B (azelaic acid) demonstrated a decrease from 8.21 ± 1.96 to 5.89 ± 1.49. The proportion of patients experiencing excellent response was higher in Group A (36.0%) compared to Group B (19.0%), with a statistically significant difference in overall treatment efficacy (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Topical 5% tranexamic acid was more effective than 20% azelaic acid in improving MASI scores in patients with melasma. This study supports the inclusion of tranexamic acid as a preferable treatment option for melasma, offering a promising alternative for those not responding to conventional therapies.
PENTAGON FRAUD MODELLING: HOW IT AFFECTS FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Authors: Fachrul Roza
Published: February 2024

This study examined conceptually the detection of financial statement fraud using Banking fraud in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during 2017-2021 in a total of 200 samples from 40 companies using Eviews analysis. The methodology adopted in this study is quantitative research in which relevant and extant literature related to elements in Pentagon fraud model  is reviewed about financial statement fraud. Financial stability does not affect financial statements in a significant linear fashion, and financial targets and external parties that seek to suppress have a significant negative impact on financial statements and do not show significance on other variables, being the result of this study. Current fraud insights are an important factor, both for managers in managing finances and for regulators/policymakers in preventing structured and reliable financial statement fraud.
Increased Concrete Strength with the Addition of Hyacinth Natural Fibers
Authors: Losita Dewi  , Dewanto  , Santi Mareta  , Destra Amni  , Sisi Yulianti  , Delfi Kurnia Zebua  , Wiwid Suryono  , Tomi Apra Santosa  , Mohammad Edy Nurtamam
Published: February 2024

Concrete is a brittle and fragile construction material so it needs to be increased in strength. This study aims to increase the strength of concrete by adding natural fibers of water hyacinth to the concrete mixture. Hyacinth fibers are cut by 3-5 cm and added with variations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% of the volume of concrete. Cylindrical specimens 15 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height were tested for compressive strength and tensile strength at the age of 28 days. The test results showed that the addition of hyacinth fiber up to 0.5% increased the compressive strength of concrete up to 17.6% and tensile strength up to 71.4% compared to normal concrete without fiber. The increase in strength is due to hyacinth fibers being able to withstand micro-cracks in concrete. The more fiber added, the more microcracks are able to be prevented thereby increasing the strength of concrete. In conclusion, the natural fiber of hyacinth effectively increases the strength of concrete both in compressive and tensile capacity.
Minimization of Root Causes of Declining Productivity in a Manufacturing Company: A Case Study of Jocalis Company
Authors: Duru KB , Uche R , Obiukwu OO , Ekpechi DA , Chukwuemeka KC
Published: February 2024

This presents a comprehensive methodology employed to identify and address declining productivity issues within the JOCALIS Aluminium Roofing Sheet Manufacturing Company Limited, situated in Onitsha, Nigeria. The study encompasses various manufacturing divisions, with a primary focus on aluminium roofing sheet production of three lines involve in production of red, black, and milk colour coated roofing sheet. The research aims to uncover the root causes of defects in the manufacturing process and develop effective strategies for improvement. Key methods include data collection through interviews, company records, library research, and internet sources, followed by data analysis and root cause identification. From the result obtained, the average availability of critical machine like the roller machine after root cause analysis is increased by 10.62%. Also, the average MTBF (mean time between failure) of the critical machine after root cause analysis is increased by 13.66% and MTTR (mean time to repair) is decreased to 46.42% respectively. The applications and general impact of this study includes enhancing machine availability, reducing downtime, increasing efficiency, optimizing maintenance practices, implementing preventive maintenance schedules, improving equipment diagnostics, and prioritizing root cause analysis to reduce breakdowns.
Determinasi Pengembangan Karir Melalui Kepuasan Kerja : Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pengembangan Karir
Authors: Candana Dori Mittra , Putra Rio Andhika , Purwasih Ratih
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji seberapa besar, Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja karyawan melalui Kepuasan Kerja pada PT. Incasi Raya. Metode pengumpulan data melalui survei dan mengedarkan kuesioner, dengan Sampel 40 responden dengan menggunakan metode teknik random sampling dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda dan analisis jalur menggunakan SPSS 22. Hasil analisis data menyimpulkan, (1.) Terdapat, pengaruh positif yang tidak signifikan Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, (2.) Terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kepuasan Kerja, (3.)Terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Komitmen Organisasi. (4.)Terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan pada Pengembangan Karir terhadap Komitmen Organisasi. (5.) Terdapat pengaruh Positif yang signifikan pada Kepuasan Kerja terhadap KOmitmen Organisasi. (6.) Terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Komitmen Organisasi melalui Kepuasan Kerja  (7.) Terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Komitmen Organisasi melalui Kepuasan Kerja.
Determinan Kecerdasan Emosional, Motivasi Intrinsik, Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Pada Karyawan Rumah Sakit Yos Sudarso Padang
Authors: Angraini Yuli , Fasridon
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, motivasi intrinsik, dan kepuasaan kerja terhadap organizational citizhensip behaviour (OCB) pada karyawan Rumah Sakit Yos Sudarso Padang. Terdapat tiga karakteristik dalam penelitian ini yaitu kecerdasan emosional, motivasi intrinsik, dan kepuasaan kerja. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 75 responden. Metode analisis dari penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode analisis data penelitian dan data kuisioner.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial kecerdasan emosional, motivasi intrinsik, dan kepuasaan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap organizational citizhensip behaviour (OCB) pada karyawan Rumah Sakit Yos Sudarso Padang. Pemrosesan data dilakukan dengan alat SPSS.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara parsial terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kecerdasan emosional terhadap organizational citizhensip behavior (OCB). Bahwa secara parsial terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan motivasi intrinsik terhadap organizational citizhensip behavior (OCB)
The Implications of Loot Boxes and Their Involvement in the Possible Development of Childhood Gambling Disorders
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arlin , Mortillaro Gino
Published: February 2024

“I refuse to promote the gacha system in this game anymore.” This was a comment made

by a 13-year-old YouTuber named Michael “@mtashed” Tash with over 600,000 followers. Many of his followers are children who were likely drawn to his entertaining commentary on popular games such as Destiny, Dark Souls, and Genshin Impact. While the concept of a “gacha game” is likely unfamiliar to many clinicians, this phenomenon has significant relevance to child and adolescent psychiatry.
Managing Growth Deceleration Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Stimulant-Induced Appetite Suppression
Authors: Jahan Sultana , Loehr Megan M.
Published: February 2024

Central nervous system stimulants are prescribed to children and adolescents with increasing frequency for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).1 Due to their well-established safety profile and high efficacy, stimulants are used first line to support learning and interpersonal functioning in children with ADHD. Caution must still be used when prescribing stimulants, which are associated with appetite suppression and weight loss in children. Since the benefits of stimulants were first established, concern has grown for stimulant-associated growth deceleration and persisting limits on adult height.
Hidden Superheroes: Children and Adolescents in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Massey Leora , Strong Yukino
Published: February 2024

The pandemic has left its unmistakable impact on each of our lives and those of our patients. As a post-graduate year 3 (PGY-3) at Rush University Medical Center, the tail-end of my psychiatry residency training and my entire child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship training was forever altered. My (Leora Massey) patients each day tell me about their unique experiences growing up and attending school during a pandemic. Few other topics have impacted people of all ages and backgrounds as significantly as the COVID-19 pandemic. This article will examine some of the literature that illustrated the profound impact that COVID has had on children and adolescents since March 2020, revealing hidden superheroes of this pandemic—the pediatric population. This research is especially pertinent, given the US Surgeon General’s advisory declaring a Youth Mental Health Crisis on December 7, 2021.1 At the start of the pandemic, health care and other essential workers were frequently referenced as the superheroes of our society. I would like to also acknowledge the struggles of children and adolescents – those who might have stayed home but were also tasked with the crucial work of continuing to learn, mature, and develop during months of social isolation. They, in fact, might be considered superheroes as well.
Utilizing Attachment Theory in Clinical Practice
Authors: Johnson Burgundy , Grunewald Nikki Mathur , Pelzel Kelly , Jarvis Elizabeth
Published: February 2024

Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby described attachment as “a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space.”1 Evidence-based psychotherapies employing constructs from attachment theory have gained traction in early childhood mental health, though attachment is not often consciously considered when it comes to formulating clinical impressions during appointments. This is not to imply that providers are not meeting the attachment needs for families they serve, but rather that increased awareness of attachment processes offer insight into what makes relationships work and how to make the therapeutic alliance stronger. For example, the reassurance a provider gives that allows a patient to explore their relationships and feelings is promotive of the attachment relationship.2 Often this leads to a reduction in anxiety and improvement in functioning.2 Sometimes by telling the anxious patient that they can find help in therapy and medications, that there is a reason and treatment for their pain and worries, and that they are not “stuck forever” can make a huge difference. To that end, this article seeks to provide basic information on attachment theory and how it can be used therapeutically during clinical appointments.
Spotlight on Juvenile Justice: Understanding Trauma and Justice-Involved Youth
Authors: Salem Amanie , McClendon Jasmine , Mallorca Marcia , McBride Anne B.
Published: February 2024

Trauma is pervasive throughout the juvenile justice system. For justice-involved youth, child maltreatment is highly prevalent and vastly underrecognized. In a population of over 1,800 detained juveniles, 83% self-reported history of physical abuse; however, formal maltreatment court records existed for only 17% of youth self-reporting any abuse, 22% of youth self-reporting the most serious abuse, and 25% of youth self-reporting abuse that required medical attention.1 Overall, adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are overrepresented within juvenile justice. In the original ACE study of a large population of insured mostly college-educated adults, 36% reported zero ACEs and 13% reported four or more ACEs; in a population of 64,329 juvenile offenders in Florida, 2.8% reported zero ACEs and 50% reported 4 or more ACEs.2 More broadly, trauma is alarmingly common in juvenile justice as more than 90% of detained youth report exposure to life-threatening trauma, over half who experience 6 or more life-threatening traumas, and over 1 in 10 juveniles who meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (most commonly related to witnessed violence).3 Additionally, mental health problems that frequently co-occur with trauma exposure are prevalent in detained youth, such as substance use disorders, depression, anxiety,4 and suicidal thoughts and behaviors.5
Internet Inspired Self-Diagnosis: A New Phenomenon Calling for an Old Approach
Authors: Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

More and more these days, it seems like youth are presenting for their initial psychiatry appointment already with a clear self-diagnosis in mind. I’m used to this for parents, who for years have hoped that I might rubber stamp their suspicions about bipolar disorder or ADHD, but this coming directly from kids is newer.
Connect Corner: A Review of My Own Facebook Feed
Authors: Wadell Paula
Published: February 2024

I don’t spend that much time on Facebook and frequently consider deleting it. However, there is one thing that keeps me there: the moms’ groups. I belong to several; the most powerful and important one being my neighborhood group. This group linked me to other mothers when my family moved to the neighborhood, which in turn linked my children to friends. The families we connected with as a result created a village that supports my children and contribute significantly to our family’s happiness. We gained access to childcare opportunities, sports, extracurricular activities, and fun weekend outings. This is arguably Facebook at its best:a fun way to build social connection.
Tips for Avoiding Polypharmacy in Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Residential School Setting
Authors: Williams Kerry-Ann
Published: February 2024

Polypharmacy, or multiple concurrent prescriptions, describes a situation in which an individual is prescribed multiple psychiatric medications simultaneously. While the term does not have a universal definition,1 it would apply to youth taking at least 3-4 prescribed psychiatric medications. Children and teens who are admitted to residential care facilities often arrive with multiple psychiatric medications due to a higher severity of symptoms and lack of response to previous treatments. Many have already tried outpatient treatment, individualized education programs, hospitalizations, partial hospitalizations, special school placements, or group homes. Psychiatrists working with these youth are often looking for alternative strategies to achieve the desired treatment goals.
What’s in a Name? How Patient Perceptions Are Impacted by How They Address Their Psychiatrists
Authors: DiGiacomo Michael R. , Cogswell Alex
Published: February 2024

Studies have shown that patients are more willing to share with a doctor perceived as professional, competent, empathic, and trustworthy. One of the first lessons taught to first-year medical students in clinical medicine is the importance of empathy. A systematic review found that a patient’s perception of their clinician showing empathy was associated with higher patient satisfaction, better psychological adjustment, and less psychological distress among cancer patients.1 In psychiatry, the alliance between the doctor and patient was shown through a recent meta-analysis to be correlated with outcomes in psychotherapy.2 Several studies have shown that a patient’s perception of the doctor affects the relationship. Patients were shown to perceive physicians as more trustworthy and competent when the physician was professionally dressed,3 and were more willing to report symptoms to a physician described as high in technical and social competence.4 Patients also experience physicians who sit as more empathic and competent than those who stand during the encounter.5
Anxiety-Related School Refusal and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Biopsychosocial Considerations
Authors: Haddad Nichola , van Schalkwyk Gerrit Ian
Published: February 2024

School attendance is vital for children’s success in academic and social domains. Anxiety-related school refusal may take many forms, such as struggling to arrive on time, frequently leaving early, or not attending at all. While school refusal is not a DSM-5 diagnosis, it can be a manifestation of many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders (eg, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, panic disorder, specific phobias), mood disorders (eg, major depressive disorder), learning disabilities, substance use disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders (eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder).1,2 Anxiety disorders constitute the most prevalent group of pediatric psychiatric disorders and may manifest in school refusal; however, anxiety disorders often co-occur and symptoms frequently overlap.3,4 Given the growing prevalence of school refusal, its complex relationship to the COVID-19 pandemic, and its ability to impede several domains of functioning, it is vital to provide patients with accurate assessment and appropriate treatment.
Mastering JEDI Skills for Current Times
Authors: Al-Mateen Cheryl S.
Published: February 2024

2020 and 2021 have brought many images of social and medical equity to the forefront, including what some call a syndemic. This term speaks to the interaction of health (COVID-19) and social problems (systemic racism).1,2 Others also identify economic

issues as part of the syndemic. In the United States, I believe that this includes not only the health disparities related to those who have died disproportionately, but also racially based violence, including violence against those who are of East Asian descent.3,4,5
Putting Our Kids First: The Need for Systemic Changes in American Child Care
Authors: Lam Steven , Williams Jacqueline , McBride Anne , Kelly Michael
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified issues with the American child care system, chiefly that children are not our central focus. This is evident by the vast disparities in child care cost, access, and quality, leading to systemic inequities with detrimental consequences for child development and beyond. While we have an abundance of research to support evidence-based interventions that promote children’s development, these interventions have not been a national priority. However, child care became a clear national priority when schools across the nation transitioned to distance learning in early 2020. Caregivers who continued to work on-site or on the front lines were suddenly confronted with urgent child care needs, often at substantial unbudgeted expense. Caregivers who transitioned to work exclusively from home had to manage their own employment while caring for their children. But was the loss of child care exclusively at the detriment of caregivers and their employment? No, and more critically, it became increasingly apparent that the lack of child care and on-site schooling was a significant loss for many children who depended on these systems for reasons outside of basic supervision needs. The pandemic upheaval presents an opportunity to prioritize child development and well-being as the foundation of our child care system and rebuild a correspondingly supportive infrastructure. This article explores the historical roots of the US child care system, including the disparities engrained within it, demonstrates the importance of child care in development, and imagines a new child care system that prioritizes children.
Child Psychiatry Training During COVID-19: Impact on Clinical Care, Education, and Fellow Well-Being
Authors: Ojha Rashi , Richards Misty
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has altered all aspects of personal and professional life, including how we practice psychiatry and teach trainees. This article presents and explores the challenges faced by child and adolescent psychiatry program directors in addressing the educational needs of fellows amidst this international crisis. The challenges presented by the pandemic to program directors include prioritizing fellow safety and education while ensuring quality treatment for our vulnerable patients and families. Amidst these difficulties, and remaining mindful of fellow wellbeing, program directors work to preserve communication and connection through transitioning in-person clinical care to telepsychiatry and live teaching onto remote platforms. This article addresses these current issues while reflecting on the future of child psychiatry training as programs prepare for subsequent stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Don’t Let a Good Educational Crisis (or Three) Go to Waste
Authors: Calhoun Amanda , Martin Andrés
Published: February 2024

The Zoom Where It Happens (Or Not): With over 400,000 COVID-related deaths in the United States alone at the time of this writing, it may come across as insensitive to consider the positive sides of the pandemic. And yet, an appraisal of the educational

opportunities unleashed by the coronavirus reveals objective opportunities we would not have seized otherwise.
Connect Corner: The Power of Play Among Us
Authors: Prasad Shreesh , Nobari Ozra , Armstead Melinda , Clark Naren , Nowrangi Kevin
Published: February 2024

The first few months of my child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship have occurred amidst a raging global pandemic, large-scale civil unrest, and increasingly polarizing political discourse. Given our Northern California locale, a literal flaming countryside

and ashen sky have completed the apocalyptic tableau. It should come as no surprise that staving off burnout has been on my mind lately, but when Drs. McBride and

Wadell announced we would be playing Among Us,1 an online multiplayer social deduction game, in place of one of our regularly scheduled didactic sessions, I was skeptical. From the plethora of memes I had seen on Reddit, I knew the game had exploded in popularity among teenagers, but I wondered whether a group of doctors awkwardly stumbling through it would be better for our mental health than simply having an extra hour off to decompress after a stressful morning.
Passing of the Torch
Authors: Stroeh Oliver M.
Published: February 2024

This Special Issue is my final issue as Editor of JAACAP Connect given the completion of my term in December 2018. Originally slated for publication in Fall 2018, this issue was delayed due to the illness and passing of a member of my family.
We Cannot be Silent: Using Our Voice to Be Anti-Racist
Authors: Schreiber Justin
Published: February 2024

As I began writing this introduction, a piece typically meant to tie the various Connect articles together, I reflected on the stark changes in our country since authors began writing their articles for this issue. First, a pandemic brought substantial change to the overall mental health of the country, including the way that psychiatric services are provided, accessed, and taught. The changes that COVID-19 has brought to the

state of mental health in the country and the way that psychiatric services are provided and taught has been a whirlwind that nobody was prepared for. COVID-19 further exposed the racial disparities in services due to systemic racism that have existed long before the pandemic, leading to significant differences in the morbidity and mortality of the illness towards people of color. In addition, the killings of Black men and women

exemplified in George Floyd having his breath taken from him, Breonna Taylor shot while sleeping in her home, and Ahmaud Arbery shot while simply jogging, awoke the need to identify the systemic racism that is, and has been killing Black people. As child and adolescent psychiatrists, we see the impact of racism daily in the lack of access to services, the difference in treatment provided to children in school, and the fear and

anxiety that Black youth and parents experience doing what should be mundane tasks because of the potential life-changing consequences. We are taking the following initial steps to change our journal.
How Psychiatry Residencies Became Competitive Again
Authors: Chamanadjian Christopher A. , Rettew David C.
Published: February 2024

When I started medical school in 2014, the field of psychiatry was considered a “layup” residency to match into. I recall one professor saying, “You all must excel in your academics to give yourself the best chance in matching, because it is incredibly competitive—unless you want psychiatry.”
Hurricane Harvey: A Psychiatry Resident’s Perspective
Authors: Klott Anastasia
Published: February 2024

Over a 4-day period in late August 2017, a total of one trillion gallons of water fell across Harris County, Texas.1 For some perspective, this is the equivalent of covering the entire county in 33 inches of water.2 Hurricane Harvey was the second most costly hurricane in US history, behind Hurricane Katrina in 2005.1 When Hurricane Harvey made landfall in late August 2017, I was in my third year of general psychiatry residency, living in the heart of downtown Houston, Texas.
eCounseling: New Technology to Fear or Embrace?
Authors: Rettew David C. , Wolf Candice
Published: February 2024

“After the whole Tide Pod challenge, I knew this generation was doomed. Nothing good can come from being raised on a steady dose of The Facebook and YouTube.” This comment was made by an attending physician from an older generation after passing a waiting room full of adolescents with their heads buried in their devices. This statement expresses frustrations encountered amongst colleagues regarding young patients and their struggles to communicate verbally.
Factors Affecting Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Adolescents in Texas and the US
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Pinjari Omar F. , Fernandez Luis A. , Newlin Elizabeth , Selek Salih
Published: February 2024

Since 1938, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been widely used in the treatment of catatonia, treatment-resistant depression, and severe mania. According to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP), criteria1 for its use in youth is: 1) Presence of severe major depression or mania, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 2) Presence of severe, persistent, and disabling symptoms, such as refusal to eat or drink, severe suicidal ideation, uncontrollable mania, and psychosis. 3) Failure to respond to two adequate trials of medications. 4) ECT can also be used earlier when adequate medication trials cannot be administered because of failure to tolerate pharmacological treatment, or if the patient is incapacitated to the

point that he/she is unable to take medication or awaiting a response to a medication poses a grave threat to life.
Abnormal Sensory Reactivity in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic: Assessment, Management, and Treatment
Authors: Rosen Max S. , Glowinski Anne L.
Published: February 2024

Clinical interest in abnormal sensory processing has evolved since the mid-twentieth century from initial work by Anna Aryes,1 a prominent occupational therapist, and Leo Kanner, known to many as the father of autism. Aryes, while observing children with learning disabilities, conceived of a field of sensory integration dysfunction, a disorder related to neurological impairment in “detecting, modulating, discriminating, and responding to sensory information”.1 There is increasing recognition today that differences in sensory processing are transdiagnostic and encountered by a multitude of

clinical practitioners, including psychiatrists, neurologists, occupational therapists, audiologists, and pediatricians, among others. It is thus of vital importance for child psychiatrists to recognize those differences, distinguish them from autism and other diagnostic categories, and conceptualize approaches to treatment.