bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: A comparison of two empirical approaches to estimate in-stream net nutrient uptake
Authors: von Schiller D. , Bernal S. , Martí E.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. To establish the relevance of in-stream processes on nutrient export at catchment scale it is important to accurately estimate whole-reach net nutrient uptake rates that consider both uptake and release processes. Two empirical approaches have been used in the literature to estimate these rates: (a) the mass balance approach, which considers changes in ambient nutrient loads corrected by groundwater inputs between two stream locations separated by a certain distance, and (b) the spiralling approach, which is based on the patterns of longitudinal variation in ambient nutrient concentrations along a reach following the nutrient spiralling concept. In this study, we compared the estimates of in-stream net nutrient uptake rates of nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) and the associated uncertainty obtained with these two approaches at different ambient conditions using a data set of monthly samplings in two contrasting stream reaches during two hydrological years. Overall, the rates calculated with the mass balance approach tended to be higher than those calculated with the spiralling approach only at high ambient nitrogen (N) concentrations. Uncertainty associated with these estimates also differed between both approaches, especially for NH4 due to the general lack of significant longitudinal patterns in concentration. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches are discussed.
The energetics response to a warmer climate: relative contributions from the transient and stationary eddies
Authors: Hernández-Deckers D. , von Storch J.-S.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. We use the Lorenz Energy Cycle (LEC) to evaluate changes in global energetic activity due to CO2-doubling in the coupled atmosphere-ocean ECHAM5/MPI-OM model. Globally, the energetic activity – measured as the total conversion rate of available potential energy into kinetic energy – decreases by about 4%. This weakening results from a dual response that consists of a strengthening of the LEC in the upper-troposphere and a weakening in the lower and middle troposphere. This is fully consistent with results from a coarser resolution version of the same coupled model. We further use our experiments to investigate the individual contributions of the transient and stationary eddy components to the main energetics response. The transient eddy terms have a larger contribution to the total energetic activity than the stationary ones. We find that this is also true in terms of their 2 × CO2-response. Changes in the transient eddy components determine the main energetics response, whereas the stationary eddy components have very small contributions. Hence, the dual response – strengthening in the upper troposphere and weakening below – concerns mainly the transient eddy terms. We can relate qualitatively this response to the two main features of the 2 × CO2 warming pattern: (a) the tropical upper-tropospheric warming increases the pole-to-equator temperature gradient – strengthening the energetic activity above – and enhances static stability – weakening the energetic activity below; and (b) the high-latitude surface warming decreases the pole-to-equator temperature gradient in the lower troposphere – weakening the energetic activity below. Despite the small contribution from the stationary eddies to the main energetics response, changes in stationary eddy available potential energy (Pse) reflect some features of the warming pattern: stronger land-sea contrasts at the subtropics and weaker land-sea contrasts at the high northern latitudes affect Pse regionally, but do not affect the global energetics response.
ESP v1.0: methodology for exploring emission impacts of future scenarios in the United States
Authors: Loughlin D. H. , Benjey W. G. , Nolte C. G.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. This article presents a methodology for creating anthropogenic emission inventories that can be used to simulate future regional air quality. The Emission Scenario Projection (ESP) methodology focuses on energy production and use, the principal sources of many air pollutants. Emission growth factors for energy system categories are calculated using the MARKAL energy system model. Growth factors for non-energy sectors are based on economic and population projections. These factors are used to grow a 2005 emissions inventory through 2050. The approach is demonstrated for two emission scenarios for the United States. Scenario 1 extends current air regulations through 2050, while Scenario 2 adds a hypothetical CO2 mitigation policy. Although both scenarios show significant reductions in air pollutant emissions through time, these reductions are more pronounced in Scenario 2, where the CO2 policy results in the adoption of technologies with lower emissions of both CO2 and traditional air pollutants. The methodology is expected to play an important role within an integrated modeling framework that supports the US EPA's investigations of linkages among emission drivers, climate and air quality.
ENSURF: multi-model sea level forecast – implementation and validation results for the IBIROOS and Western Mediterranean regions
Authors: Pérez B. , Brower R. , Beckers J. , Paradis D. , Balseiro C. , Lyons K. , Cure M. , Sotillo M. G. , Hacket B. , Verlaan M. , Alvarez Fanjul E.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. ENSURF (Ensemble SURge Forecast) is a multi-model application for sea level forecast that makes use of existing storm surge or circulation models today operational in Europe, as well as near-real time tide gauge data in the region, with the following main goals: – providing an easy access to existing forecasts, as well as to its performance and model validation, by means of an adequate visualization tool – generation of better forecasts of sea level, including confidence intervals, by means of the Bayesian Model Average Technique (BMA) The system was developed and implemented within ECOOP (C.No. 036355) European Project for the NOOS and the IBIROOS regions, based on MATROOS visualization tool developed by Deltares. Both systems are today operational at Deltares and Puertos del Estado respectively. The Bayesian Modelling Average technique generates an overall forecast probability density function (PDF) by making a weighted average of the individual forecasts PDF's; the weights represent the probability that a model will give the correct forecast PDF and are determined and updated operationally based on the performance of the models during a recent training period. This implies the technique needs the availability of sea level data from tide gauges in near-real time. Results of validation of the different models and BMA implementation for the main harbours will be presented for the IBIROOS and Western Mediterranean regions, where this kind of activity is performed for the first time. The work has proved to be useful to detect problems in some of the circulation models not previously well calibrated with sea level data, to identify the differences on baroclinic and barotropic models for sea level applications and to confirm the general improvement of the BMA forecasts.
Lipase immobilization on ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticles: Ionic liquids controlled esters hydrolysis at oil–water interface
Authors: Jiang Yangyang , Guo Chen , Gao Hongshuai , Xia Hansong , Mahmood Iram , Liu Chunzhao , Liu Huizhou
Published: April 2011

Ester hydrolysis at oil–water interface by lipase covalently immobilized on ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticles was investigated. Magnetic supports with a diameter of 10–15 nm were synthesized by covalent binding of ionic liquids (chain length C4 and C8 and anions Cl−, BF4−, and PF6−) on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Lipase was covalently immobilized on Fe3O4 nanoparticles using ionic liquids as the coupling reagent. Ionic liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticle‐grafted lipase preferentially located at the oil–water interface. It has higher catalytic activity than its native counterpart. A modified Michaelis–Menten model was used to elucidate the effect of stirring rate, aqueous–organic phase ratio, total amount of enzyme, and ester chain length. The influences of these conditions on esters hydrolysis at oil–water interface were consistent with the introduction of the ionic liquids interlayer. Ionic liquids could be used to control the oil–water interfacial characteristics during lipase catalyzed hydrolysis, and thus control the behavior of immobilized lipase. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
A comprehensive description of the severity groups in Cockayne syndrome
Authors: Natale Valerie
Published: April 2011

Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare degenerative disorder with a common set of symptoms but a very wide variation in phenotype. The variation is sufficiently wide that CS patients have traditionally been described in three different severity groups. Unfortunately, there is no single source for information about the different severity groups. This problem can complicate not only diagnosis, but accurate prognosis as well. The goal of this study was to describe the phenotypic variation in CS as completely as possible. This article provides extensive descriptions of traits common to each group and their degree of severity in each group. Forty‐five people with CS were surveyed and information from the published literature was used to increase the sample sizes for calculations. This study provides new information, including statistical data for each of the three severity groups (mean age at death, average head circumference, and average length or stature). The study includes cerebro‐oculo‐facial syndrome (COFS) as a severe form of CS, based on results of recently published genetic studies performed by other authors. This study proposes revised names for CS severity groups: severe, moderate, and mild. The groups were formerly called Type II/early onset CS, Type I/classical CS, and Type III/atypical/mild/late‐onset CS, respectively. A fourth newly documented group, UV sensitivity only/adult onset, is also described. Average ages of death were calculated as 5.0 years (severe), 16.1 years (moderate), and 30.3 years (mild). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basal ganglia morphometry and repetitive behavior in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Estes Annette , Shaw Dennis W. W. , Sparks Bobbi F. , Friedman Seth , Giedd Jay N. , Dawson Geraldine , Bryan Matthew , Dager Stephen R.
Published: April 2011

We investigated repetitive and stereotyped behavior (RSB) and its relationship to morphometric measures of the basal ganglia and thalami in 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 77) and developmental delay without autism (DD; n = 34). Children were assessed through clinical evaluation and parent report using RSB‐specific scales extracted from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Autism Diagnostic Interview, and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. A subset of children with ASD (n = 45), DD (n = 14), and a group of children with typical development (TD; n = 25) were also assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Children with ASD demonstrated elevated RSB across all measures compared to children with DD. Enlargement of the left and right striatum, more specifically the left and right putamen, and left caudate, was observed in the ASD compared to the TD group. However, nuclei were not significantly enlarged after controlling for cerebral volume. The DD group, in comparison to the ASD group, demonstrated smaller thalami and basal ganglia regions even when scaled for cerebral volume, with the exception of the left striatum, left putamen, and right putamen. Elevated RSB, as measured by the ADOS, was associated with decreased volumes in several brain regions: left thalamus, right globus pallidus, left and right putamen, right striatum and a trend for left globus pallidus and left striatum within the ASD group. These results confirm earlier reports that RSB is common early in the clinical course of ASD and, furthermore, demonstrate that such behaviors may be associated with decreased volumes of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Autism Res 2011,4:212–220. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diverse approaches for the enhancement of oral drug bioavailability
Authors: Fasinu Pius , Pillay Viness , Ndesendo Valence M. K. , du Toit Lisa C. , Choonara Yahya E.
Published: April 2011

In conscious and co‐operating patients, oral drug delivery remains the preferable route of drug administration. However, not all drugs possess the desirable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties which favor oral administration mainly due to poor bioavailability. This has in some cases led to the choice of other routes of administration, which may compromise the convenience and increase the risk of non‐compliance. Poor bioavailability has necessitated the administration of higher than normally required oral doses which often leads to economic wastages, risk of toxicity, erratic and unpredictable responses. The challenge over the years has been to design techniques that will allow oral administration of most drugs, irrespective of their properties, to achieve a therapeutic systemic availability. This will be a worthy achievement since over 90% of therapeutic compounds are known to possess oral bioavailability limitations. In this review, an attempt has been made to explore various approaches that have been used in recent years to improve oral drug bioavailability, including physical and chemical means. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of advances made over the past 10 years (2000–2010) in the improvement of the oral bioavailability of drugs. Briefly, the design of prodrugs to bypass metabolism or to enhance solubility as well as modification of formulation techniques such as the use of additives, permeation enhancers, solubilizers, emulsifiers and non‐aqueous vehicles have been discussed. Arising approaches, such as formulation modification techniques; novel drug delivery systems, which exploit the gastrointestinal regionality of drugs, and include the pharmaceutical application of nanotechnology as an emerging area in drug delivery; inhibition of efflux pumps; and inhibition of presystemic metabolism have been more extensively addressed. This critical review sought to assess each method aimed at enhancing the oral bioavailability of drugs in terms of the purpose, scientific basis, limitations, commercial application, as well as the areas in which current research efforts are being focused and should be focused in the future. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivalent Presentation of Mannose on Hyperbranched Polyglycerol and their Interaction with Concanavalin A Lectin
Authors: Papp Ilona , Dernedde Jens , Enders Sven , Riese Sebastian B. , Shiao Tze Chieh , Roy René , Haag Rainer
Published: April 2011

We describe the synthesis of multivalent mannose derivatives by using hyperbranched polyglycerols (hPG) as a scaffold with different linker structures. Grafting of protected mannose (Man) units is achieved by using CuI‐catalyzed Huisgen click chemistry with either an anomeric azide or propargyl ether onto complementarily functionalized alkyne or azido polymer surfaces. NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), IR spectroscopy, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), and elemental analysis have been used to characterize the hPG–Man compounds. The surface availability and bioactivity of Man‐modified polymers were evaluated by using a competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based binding assay by interactions of the glycopolymers with concanavalin A (Con A), a lectin that binds mannose containing molecules. The results indicated that the novel glycoarchitectures presented in this work are efficient inhibitors of Con A–mannose recognition and resulted in inhibitor concentrations (mean IC50) from the micro‐ to the nanomolar range, whereas the corresponding monovalent mannoside (methyl‐Man) requires millimolar concentrations. The results provide an interesting structure–activity relationship for libraries of materials that differ in the linkage of the sugar moiety presented on a biocompatible polyglycerol scaffold.
Generation of Carbanions through Stibine–Metal and Bismuthine–Metal Exchange Reactions and Its Applications to Precision Synthesis of ω‐End‐Functionalized Polymers
Authors: Kayahara Eiichi , Yamada Hiroto , Yamago Shigeru
Published: April 2011

Generation of carbanions from organostibines and organobismuthines through heteroatom–metal exchange reactions was examined from synthetic and mechanistic viewpoints. The exchange reaction proceeded spontaneously upon treatment with various organometallic reagents, such as alkyl lithiums, tetraalkyl zincates, and alkyl magnesium halides to afford the corresponding carbanions quantitatively. Due to the high reactivity of these heteroatom compounds, the exchange reactions took place exclusively even in the presence of various polar functional groups, which potentially react with organometallic species. The advantage of this method was exemplified by the end‐group transformation of living polymers that bear these heteroatom species at the ω‐polymer end, prepared by using organostibine and bismuthine‐mediated living radical polymerizations. Various polymers that bear polar functional groups and acidic hydrogen—for example, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide), and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)—could be used in the exchange reactions, and subsequent trapping with electrophiles afforded the corresponding polymers with controlled molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, and end‐group functionalities. Competition experiments showed that organostibines and organobismuthines were among the most reactive heteroatom compounds towards organometallic reagents and that their high reactivity was responsible for the high chemoselectivity in the exchange reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Fast Lithium‐Ion‐Conducting Cubic Li7La3Zr2O12.
Authors: Awaka Junji , Takashima Akira , Kataoka Kunimitsu , Kijima Norihito , Idemoto Yasushi , Akimoto Junji
Published: April 2011

Colorless and transparent single crystals of cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 are prepared from mixtures of Li2CO3, La2O3, and ZrO2 in the molar ratio of 3.85:1.5:2.0 (air, 1250 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Titanate Pyrochlore Microspheres: Directed Synthesis and Their Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity.
Authors: Hou Jungang , Jiao Shuqiang , Zhu Hongmin , Kumar R. V.
Published: April 2011

Bi2Ti2O7 microspheres are hydrothermally synthesized in high yields from an aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3, Ti(OiPr)4, and KOH (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: New Second‐Order NLO Materials Based on Polymeric Borate Clusters and GeO4 Tetrahedra: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Han , Hu Chun‐Li , Xu Xiang , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: April 2011

RbGeB3O7 (I), Rb2GeB4O9 (II), and Rb4Ge3B6O17 (III) are prepared in quantitative yield by solid state reactions of Rb2O3, GeO2, and H3BO3 mixtures in a molar ratio of 1:2:6 (I), 1:1:4 (II), and 2:3:6 (III) (650 °C, 6 d, Pt crucible).
ChemInform Abstract: ACO‐Zeotype Iron Aluminum Phosphates with Variable Al/Fe Ratios Controlled by F‐ Ions.
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Li Yi , Wang Lei , Zhang Jingzhe , Yan Yan , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong , Wang Jincheng , Xu Ruren
Published: April 2011

The new ACO zeolites [(enH2)4] [Fe8‐xAlxFx(H2O)2‐x (PO4)8]·2H2O (x = 1.64, 1.38, 0.80) are synthesized in the system Fe2O3—Al2O3—P2 O5—diethylenetriamine—HF—H2O using different amounts of orthophosphoric acid and HF (autoclave, 433 K, 6 d, 39, 28, and 32% yield, respectively).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Delafossite Nitride, AgTaN2?
Authors: DiSalvo Francis J. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

The novel title compound is synthesized from NaTaN2 by cation‐exchange reaction using a AgNO3/NH4NO3 (1:4) flux (air, 175 °C, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methylene‐Bridge Polyarenes Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Activation of Benzylic Carbon—Hydrogen Bond.
Authors: Hsiao Chien‐Chi , Lin Yi‐Kuan , Liu Chia‐Ju , Wu Tsun‐Cheng , Wu Yao‐Ting
Published: April 2011

A variety of substituted and fused fluorene derivatives are prepared from bi‐ or terphenyls under catalysis of palladium acetate and an N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoarene‐Mediated Cyclization of N‐Methoxy‐2‐arylethanesulfonamides with Oxone.
Authors: Ishiwata Yoshihide , Suzuki Yuhsuke , Togo Hideo
Published: April 2011

The title reaction affords N‐methoxybenzosultams (II) in general.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐Specific Introduction of Gold‐Carbenoids by Intermolecular Oxidation of Ynamides or Ynol Ethers.
Authors: Davies Paul W. , Cremonesi A. , Martin Nicolas
Published: April 2011

A site‐specific oxidation/1,2‐insertion cascade offers access to functionalized α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic ester and imide derivatives as well as vinylogous amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Olefins Catalyzed by Polymer‐Anchored Nickel(II) Complex in Water Medium.
Authors: Islam Manirul , Hossain Dildar , Mondal Paramita , Roy Anupam Singha , Mondal Sanchita , Mobarak Manir
Published: April 2011

Allylic oxidation products are obtained selectively under optimized reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di‐, Tri‐, and Tetrasulfides Through Multifold Carbon—Sulfur Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Indium Tri(organothiolates) in a One‐Pot Procedure.
Authors: Lee Phil Ho , Park Youngchul , Park Sangkyun , Lee Euijae , Kim Sunggak
Published: April 2011

It allows an efficient access to diverse di‐, tri‐, and tetrasulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Amido‐Complexes for the Efficient Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Kutlescha Kathrin , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: April 2011

Ten chiral rhodium or iridium amido‐complexes such as RAP are synthesized, and four of them are tested as catalysts in the hydrogenation of imine (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by Diastereoisomeric Bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline) N,N′‐Dioxides.
Authors: Vlasana Klara , Hrdina Radim , Valterova Irena , Kotora Martin
Published: April 2011

Asymmetric allylation of aromatic (I) and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (IV) with allyltrichlorosilane (II) proceeds smoothly in THF in the presence of (Sax)‐bis(tetrahydroisoquinoline N‐oxide) to give the products (III) and (V) in good yields and moderate to high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane
Authors: Zhao Xiaoming , Liu Dongge , Zheng Shengcai , Gao Ning
Published: April 2011

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of allylic carbonates with the fluoro compound (II) gives fluoromethylated derivatives (III) in high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/C: An Efficient, Heterogeneous and Reusable Catalyst for Phosphane‐Free Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Reactions of Aryl and Heteroaryl Iodides.
Authors: Khedkar Mayur V. , Tambade Pawan J. , Qureshi Ziyauddin S. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: April 2011

Carbonylative Suzuki cross coupling of arylboronic acids with (het)aryl iodides is efficiently catalyzed by Pd—C to give (het)aryl aryl ketones in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Dihydrazones of Diaryl α‐Diketones to Diarylacetylenes Using Sodium Periodate.
Authors: Takale Balaram S. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: April 2011

The title process is mild, efficient, and applicable to a wide range of substrates carrying electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoro‐Substituted Phenyleneethynylenes: Acetylenic n‐Type Organic Semiconductors.
Authors: Matsuo Daisuke , Yang Xin , Hamada Akiko , Morimoto Kyo , Kato Takuji , Yahiro Masayuki , Adachi Chihaya , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo
Published: April 2011

Synthesis and properties of a series of fluoro‐substituted phenyleneethynylenes are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids Accelerate Access to N‐Substituted‐1,8‐naphthalimides.
Authors: MacGregor Kylie A. , McCluskey Adam
Published: April 2011

Replacement of organic volatile compounds by the ionic liquid results in significant acceleration of the reaction of anhydrides (I) with functionalized amines (16 h versus 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Reduction of Benzofuranyl Aryl Ketones.
Authors: Carpenter Ian , Clarke Matthew L.
Published: April 2011

The transfer hydrogenation catalyzed by RCC shows significant enantioselectivities for substrates with electron‐withdrawing substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(benzo[b]thiophenyl)methanes by Gold‐Catalyzed Double Carbothiolation.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Okamoto Masashi , Sato Takuma , Terada Masahiro
Published: April 2011

The efficient reaction includes 2 successive intramolecular carbon—sulfur bond addition reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Formation of Optically Active 4‐Substituted 5‐Hydroxy‐γ‐lactams by Organocatalyzed Reaction of 3‐Substituted Cyclobutanones with Nitrosobenzene.
Authors: Capitta Francesca , Frongia Angelo , Ollivier Jean , Piras Pier Paolo , Secci Francesco
Published: April 2011

Treatment of cyclobutenones with nitrosobenzene in the presence of chiral amine catalysts does not produce the expected derivatives (IV) but lactams of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Zinc‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate.
Authors: Hui Yonghai , Chen Weiliang , Wang Wentao , Jiang Jun , Cai Yunfei , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: April 2011

Both enantiomers of 3‐substituted indoles of type (III) are obtained by the title reaction using (R)‐proline‐derived catalyst BPR or its (S)‐proline enantiomer.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Cascade Reactions: A Novel and Expedient Approach to Functionalized Indoles by an Unprecedented Nucleophilic Addition‐Heterocyclization‐Oxidative Alkoxycarbonylation Sequence.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Salerno Giuseppe , Mancuso Raffaella , Costa Mirco
Published: April 2011

Crude alkynylaniline imines prepared from the condensation between anilines (I) or (VIII) with benzaldehydes, react with CO, O2 and an alcohol under palladium catalysis to give the desired indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Cascade Synthesis of N‐Fused Heterocycles via Silver(I) Triflate‐Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts/N—C Bond Formation Sequence.
Authors: Hao Lu , Pan Yingming , Wang Tao , Lin Min , Chen Li , Zhan Zhuang‐ping
Published: April 2011

Three different N‐fused pyrrolopyrrole skeletons are formed by the reaction of indoles (I) with either tertiary or secondary propargyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Ene Reaction of Indoles.
Authors: Han Bo , Xiao You‐Cai , Yao Yuan , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: April 2011

Indoles bearing a tethered internal olefin smoothly undergo a highly efficient diastereoselective intramolecular imino‐ene reaction in the presence of AlCl3 to give cycloalkano‐fused indolines, e.g. (II), (IV) or (VI), in high yields and stereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoles in Water Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles on Activated Carbon.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Radivoy Gabriel , Yus Miguel
Published: April 2011

1,2,3‐Triazoles are prepared by the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of alkynes with azides generated in situ from organic halides, diazonium salts, anilines or epoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Preparation of Disymmetric Bistriazoles from Bisalkynes.
Authors: Elamari Hichem , Meganem Faouzi , Herscovici Jean , Girard Christian
Published: April 2011

Bisalkynes bearing an activated and an unactivated alkyne group react site‐selectively in a copper‐free 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with azides to give a mixture 1,4‐ and 1,5‐isomers (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct and Efficient Preparation of 1‐Phenyltetrazol‐5‐yl Sulfides from Alcohols.
Authors: Ellwood Adam R. , Porter Michael J.
Published: April 2011

The reaction of primary and secondary alcohols with thiol (I) proceeds in the presence of ethylsulfanylmethylene dimethylammonium salt and imidazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand (IED) [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Salicylaldimines: Preparation of Optically Active 4‐Aminobenzopyran Derivatives.
Authors: Bernardi Luca , Comes‐Franchini Mauro , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Leo Virginia , Mazzanti Andrea , Ricci Alfredo
Published: April 2011

Aldimines (II) or (V) and dihydrofuran (III) or vinylindole (XII) give exclusively the desired enantioenriched aminobenzopyrans.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Furoquinolines Synthesis: From Nitrogen Effects to the Use of Silver Imidazolate Polymer as a New and Robust Silver Catalyst.
Authors: Parker Evelyne , Leconte Nicolas , Godet Thomas , Belmont Philippe
Published: April 2011

AgOTf as catalyst in the tandem acetalization and cycloisomerization reaction shows an inversion of the cycloisomerization regioselectivity from 6‐endo‐dig to 5‐exo‐dig with some amine additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Practical One‐Pot Conversions of N‐Tosyltetrahydroisoquinolines into Isoquinolines and of N‐Tosyltetrahydro‐β‐carbolines into β‐Carbolines Through Tandem β‐Elimination and Aromatization.
Authors: Dong Jing , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Yan Jing‐Jing , Xing Jing , Zhang Qiang , Xiao Sen
Published: April 2011

A mild and efficient tandem β‐elimination—aromatization reaction of fused N‐tosyl tetrahydropyridines is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Nanoparticles Effect on Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activity of New Heterocycles.
Authors: Kandile Nadia G. , Zaky Howida T. , Mohamed Mansoura I. , Mohamed Hemat M.
Published: April 2011

The synthesis and in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activities of a variety of new heterocycles derived from 6‐arylpyridazin‐3(2H)‐ylidene hydrazines (I) are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid, One‐Pot, Four‐Component Route to 2H‐Indazolo[2,1‐b]phthalazine‐triones.
Authors: Mosaddegh Elaheh , Hassankhani Asadollah
Published: April 2011

The title reaction provides an efficient synthesis of products of type (IV) using cerium sulfate under solvent‐free thermal conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Arylcytosine‐5‐carboxylic Acid Esters.
Authors: Dorokhov V. A. , Voronkova V. A. , Komkov A. V. , Baranin S. V. , Vasil'ev L. S.
Published: April 2011

Reaction of 2‐diaminomethylidene‐3‐oxoalkanoates (I) with aryl isocyanates affords the corresponding urea derivatives (III), which cyclize into the title cytosine derivatives (IV) on treatment with sodium alkoxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 6,12b‐Diaza‐dibenzo[a,h]azulen‐7‐ones and Benzo[f]pyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,4]diazepin‐4‐ones via CuI/L‐Proline Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation.
Authors: Wang Hong‐Jun , Wang Yi , Camara Fatoumata , Paquette William D. , Csakai Adam J. , Mangette John E.
Published: April 2011

The heterocycles are prepared in excellent yield via PyBOP‐promoted reaction of o‐halobenzylamines with carboxylic acids followed by intramolecular N‐arylation of the amide products (I), (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Acylmetalates with Alkyl Halides to Prepare Fischer Carbene Complexes: An Improved Protocol.
Authors: Nandi Bappaditya , Sinha Surajit
Published: April 2011

Alkoxy Fischer carbene complexes of chromium, tungsten and molybdenum are synthesized by alkylation of lithium acylmetalates with alkyl halides in the presence of catalytic amounts of tetrabutylammonium bromide under biphasic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Transforming Terpene Feedstock into Polyketide Architecture.
Authors: Winter Philipp , Vaxelaire Carine , Heinz Christoph , Christmann Mathias
Published: April 2011

A simple protocol for the Cu‐catalyzed substitution of allylic acetates with vinyl Grignard reagents is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Hesseltins B—G, Novel Meroterpenoids from a New Penicillium Species.
Authors: Phipps Richard K. , Gotfredsen Charlotte H. , Paludan Soeren R. , Frisvad Jens C. , Eriksen Kathrine , Petersen Bent O. , Duus Jens O. , Larsen Thomas O.
Published: April 2011

None of the components reveal any antiviral effects against Herpes simplex.
ChemInform Abstract: Lobophytones H—N, Biscembranoids from the Chinese Soft Coral Lobophytum pauciflorum.
Authors: Yan Pengcheng , Deng Zhiwei , Van Ofwegen Leen , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan
Published: April 2011

7 New biscembranoids (I)‐(V) are isolated from the title soft coral.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia and Their Cytoprotective Activity in tert‐Butyl Hydroperoxide‐Induced Hepatotoxicity of HepG2 Cells.
Authors: Chen Chiy‐Rong , Liao Yun‐Wen , Wang Lai , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Liu Hung‐Jen , Shih Wen‐Ling , Cheng Hsueh‐Ling , Chang Chi‐I
Published: April 2011

Three new triterpenoids (I)‐(III) are isolated from the tendril climber Momordica charantia.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Phytochemical Investigation of Abies spectabilis.
Authors: Wu Liang , Li Yong‐Li , Li Su‐Mei , Yang Xian‐Wen , Xia Jia‐Han , Zhou Le , Zhang Wei‐Dong
Published: April 2011

The systematic phytochemical investigation of Abies spectabilis afforded the 3 new compounds (I)‐(III) and 69 known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole‐Linked Benzylated Glucosyl, Galactosyl, and Mannosyl Monomers and Dimers as Novel Sugar Scaffold‐Based PTP1B Inhibitors.
Authors: Chen Guo‐Rong , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

The synthesis of sixteen triazole‐linked benzylated glucosyl, galactosyl, and mannosyl monomers and dimers via click chemistry is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Sunabedine, a Novel Toxic Bromotyrosine‐Derivative Alkaloid from Okinawan Sponge, Order Verongida.
Authors: Maru Norihito , Koyama Tomoyuki , Ohno Osamu , Yamada Kaoru , Uemura Daisuke
Published: April 2011

Sunabedine (I) exhibits cytotoxicity against B16 mouse melanoma cells and toxicity against brine shrimp.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Assembly of Resorcylic Acid Lactone Frameworks Through Sequential Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Sugiyama Sakae , Takahashi Takashi
Published: April 2011

A combination of chemoselective Pd‐catalyzed carbonylative esterification of o‐iodobromobenzene derivative (I) with Pd‐catalyzed functionalization (amination, cross coupling or carbonylative esterification) and ring closing metathesis reaction is successfully applied in the synthesis of resorcylic acid lactone frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 13C‐Labeled 5,6,11‐Trideoxytetrodotoxin.
Authors: Umezawa Taiki , Shinada Tetsuro , Ohfune Yasufumi
Published: April 2011

The synthesis of the first example of a 13C‐labeled analogue in the tetradotoxin congeners is described.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Total Syntheses of (+)‐Hostmanin A and (+)‐Methyllinderatin.
Authors: Kitao Junko , Kitamura Naoko , Kumo Nozomi , Arimitsu Kenji , Iwasaki Hiroki , Ozeki Minoru , Kurume Ai , Yamashita Masayuki
Published: April 2011

The absolute configuration of (+)‐methylinderatin (II) is confirmed by total synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Crystalline Cu4Bi4S9 Nanoribbons: Facile Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Surface Photovoltaic Properties.
Authors: Li Hongxing , Zhang Qinglin , Pan Anlian , Wang Yanguo , Zou Bingsuo , Fan Hong Jin
Published: April 2011

The title nanoribbons are synthesized with large yields by solvothermal reaction of CuCl, BiCl3, CS2, and dodecylamine in toluene (autoclave, 200 °C, 30 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Multiferroic Magnetoelectric Composites: From Bulk to Thin Films
Authors: Ma Jing , Hu Jiamian , Li Zheng , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: April 2011

Review: 233 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergence of the Enhancement of the Effective Mass Under Pressure and Magnetic Field in Heavy‐Fermion Compounds: CeRu2Si2, CeRh2Si2, and CeIn3
Authors: Flouquet J. , Aoki D. , Knafo W. , Knebel G. , Matsuda T. D. , Raymond S. , Proust C. , Paulsen C. , Haen P.
Published: April 2011

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrode Processes on Metallic Electrodes in Contact with Fluorite‐Like FCC Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Shkerin S. N.
Published: April 2011

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Dioxygen (Bio)inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Solomon Edward I. , Ginsbach Jake W. , Heppner David E. , Kieber‐Emmons Matthew T. , Kjaergaard Christian H. , Smeets Pieter J. , Tian Li , Woertink Julia S.
Published: April 2011

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination Chemistry of Small Sulfur‐Containing Molecules: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Schenk Wolfdieter A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 171 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoazides and Transition Metals
Authors: Thiel Werner R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Differentiated Ligands for the Sequential Construction of Crystalline Heterometallic Assemblies
Authors: Baudron Stephane A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Ferrocenes
Authors: Deng Wei‐Ping , Snieckus Victor , Metallinos Costa
Published: April 2011

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Approaches to Carbon—Sulfur Bond Formation
Authors: Bichler Paul , Love Jennifer A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 259 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Darzens Synthesis of Tetralin Derivatives
Authors: Krawczyk Ewa , Dembinski Roman
Published: April 2011

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bradsher Reaction
Authors: Mondal Mukulesh , Kerrigan Nessan J.
Published: April 2011

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bogert—Cook Reaction
Authors: Curran Timothy T.
Published: April 2011

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bergman Cyclization
Authors: Kerrigan Nessan J.
Published: April 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bardhan—Sengupta Phenanthrene Synthesis
Authors: Curran Timothy T.
Published: April 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Favorskii Rearrangement
Authors: Goess Brian
Published: April 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kulinkovich Cyclopropanol Synthesis
Authors: Li Jie Jack
Published: April 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kishner Cyclopropane Synthesis
Authors: Rong Frank
Published: April 2011

Review: 15 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Oxidations and Related Reactions
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Katsuki Tsutomu
Published: April 2011

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Carbon—Carbon Double Bonds and Related Reactions
Authors: Han Jin Wook , Hayashi Tamio
Published: April 2011

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H. , Malcolmson Steven J. , Meek Simon J. , Zhugralin Adil R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Allylic Substitutions with Carbon Nucleophiles
Authors: Helmchen Guenter , Kazmaier Uli , Foerster Sebastian
Published: April 2011

Review: 486 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Homogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Shang Gao , Li Wei , Zhang Xumu
Published: April 2011

Review: 619 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Carbon—Heteroatom Bond‐Forming Reactions
Authors: Takemoto Yoshiji , Miyabe Hideto
Published: April 2011

Review: 324 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Permanganate‐Induced Oxidative Catalytic Condensation of Sarcosine to a Diketopiperazine
Authors: Khatti Zahra , Davari Mehdi D. , Bahrami Homayoon , Zahedi Mansour
Published: April 2011

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Field Effects on Radical Pairs in Homogeneous Solution
Authors: Woodward Jonathan R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interplay of Stereoelectronic Vibrational and Environmental Effects in Tuning Physicochemical Properties of Carbon‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Barone Vincenzo , Biczysko Malgorzata , Cimino Paola
Published: April 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Key Players and Their Role During Mitochondrial Iron‐Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis.
Authors: Rawat Swati , Stemmler Timothy L.
Published: April 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Products as a Source of Alzheimer′s Drug Leads
Authors: Williams Philip , Sorribas Analia , Howes Melanie‐Jayne R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 400 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fungal Cyclooligomer Depsipeptides: From Classical Biochemistry to Combinatorial Biosynthesis
Authors: Suessmuth Roderich , Mueller Jane , von Doehren Hans , Molnar Istvan
Published: April 2011

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally‐Occurring Nitro Compounds
Authors: Parry Ronald , Nishino Shirley , Spain Jim
Published: April 2011

Review: 214 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure, Bioactivity and Synthesis of Natural Products with Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole
Authors: Ruiz‐Sanchis Pau , Savina Svetlana A. , Albericio Fernando , Alvarez Mercedes
Published: April 2011

Review: 216 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical and Pharmacological Research on Plants from the Genus Senecio.
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhao Lei , Wang Yu‐Fang , Chang Man‐Li , Huo Chang‐Hong , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Shi Qing‐Wen , Kiyota Hiromasa
Published: April 2011

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Homochiral Porous Metal‐Organic Frameworks: A Step to the Future of Stereoselective Recognition and Catalysis
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Talsi Evgenii P.
Published: April 2011

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Composted Solid Wastes for Farmland Amendment and Nutrient Balance in Soils
Authors: Imai Tsuyoshi , Liu Yuyu , Ukita Masao , Hung Yung‐Tse
Published: April 2011

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theragnostic Approaches Using Gold Nanorods and Near Infrared Light
Authors: Niidome Takuro , Shiotani Atsushi , Akiyama Yasuyuki , Ohga Akira , Nose Keisuke , Pissuwan Dakrong , Niidome Yasuro
Published: April 2011

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of the Simple and Extended Grunwald—Winstein Equations in the Correlation of the Rates of Solvolysis of Highly Hindered Tertiary Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Kevill Dennis N. , D'Souza Malcolm J.
Published: April 2011

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms Considerations in the Development and Use of Azine, Diazine and Azole N‐Oxides in Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation
Authors: Fagnou Keith
Published: April 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Analysis of NMR & Powder Diffraction Data
Authors: Harris Kenneth D. M. , Xu Mingcan
Published: April 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Architecture of Azachalcagenene Crystals with Aromatic Substituents
Authors: Bagryanskaya I. Yu.
Published: April 2011

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Application of Organic—Silica Hybrid Monolithic Capillary Columns
Authors: Wu Minghuo , Wu Ren'an , Zhang Zhenbin , Zou Hanfa
Published: April 2011

Review: 54 refs.
Neurogenesis in colorectal cancer is a marker of aggressive tumor behavior and poor outcomes
Authors: Albo Daniel , Akay Catherine L. , Marshall Christy L. , Wilks Jonathan A. , Verstovsek Gordana , Liu Hao , Agarwal Neeti , Berger David H. , Ayala Gustavo E.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Colorectal cancer staging criteria do not rely on examination of neuronal tissue. The authors previously demonstrated that perineural invasion is an independent prognostic factor of outcomes in colorectal cancer. For the current study, they hypothesized that neurogenesis occurs in colorectal cancer and portends an aggressive tumor phenotype.

METHODS:

In total, samples from 236 patients with colorectal cancer were used to create a tissue array and database. Tissue array slides were immunostained for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) to identify nerve tissue. The correlation between markers of neurogenesis and oncologic outcomes was determined. The effect of colorectal cancer cells on stimulating neurogenesis in vitro was evaluated using a dorsal root ganglia coculture model.

RESULTS:

Patients whose tumors exhibited high degrees of neurogenesis had 50% reductions in 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival compared with patients whose tumors contained no detectable neurogenesis (P = .002 and P = .006, respectively). Patients with stage II disease and high degrees of neurogenesis had greater reductions in 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival compared with lymph node‐negative patients with no neurogenesis (P = .002 and P = .008, respectively). Patients with stage II disease and high degrees of neurogenesis had lower 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival compared with patients who had stage III disease with no neurogenesis (P = .01 and P = .008, respectively). Colorectal cancer cells stimulated neurogenesis and exhibited evidence of neuroepithelial interactions between nerves and tumor cells in vitro.

CONCLUSIONS:

Neurogenesis in colorectal cancer appeared to play a critical role in colorectal cancer progression. Furthermore, the current results indicated that neurogenesis functions as an independent predictor of outcomes and may play a role in therapy stratification for patients with lymph node‐negative disease. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Configuration Path Integral Monte Carlo
Authors: Schoof T. , Bonitz M. , Filinov A. , Hochstuhl D. , Dufty J.W.
Published: April 2011

A novel path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) approach for correlated many‐particle systems with arbitrary pair interaction in continuous space at low temperatures is presented. It is based on a representation of the N ‐particle density operator in a basis of (anti‐)symmetrized N ‐particle states (configurations of occupation numbers). The path integral is transformed into a sum over trajectories with the same topology and, finally, the limit of M → ∞, where M is the number of high‐temperature factors, is analytically performed. This yields exact expressions for the thermodynamic quantities and allows to perform efficient simulations for fermions at low temperature and weak to moderate coupling. Our method is expected to be applicable to dense quantum plasmas in the regime of strong degeneracy where conventional PIMC fails due to the fermion sign problem (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Joint precoding and power allocation for multiuser transmission in MIMO relay networks
Authors: Jiang Dongmei , Zhang Haixia , Yuan Dongfeng
Published: April 2011

This paper proposes a joint precoding and power allocation strategy to maximize the sum rate of multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) relay networks. A two‐hop relay link working on amplify‐and‐forward (AF) mode is considered. Precoding and power allocation are designed jointly at the base station (BS). It is assumed that there are no direct links between the BS and users. Under individual power constraints at the BS and relay station, precoders designed based on zero forcing, minimum mean‐square error and maximum ratio transmission are derived, respectively. Optimal power allocation strategies for these precoders are given separately. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategies, we simulate the uncoded bit error rate performance of the underlined system. We also show the difference of the sum rate of the system with the optimal power allocation strategies and with average power transmission. The simulation results show the advantages of the proposed joint precoding and power allocation strategies as expected. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.