Megahertz serial crystallography
Authors: Wiedorn Max O. , Oberthür Dominik , Bean Richard , Schubert Robin , Werner Nadine , Abbey Brian , Aepfelbacher Martin , Adriano Luigi , Allahgholi Aschkan , Al-Qudami Nasser , Andreasson Jakob , Aplin Steve , Awel Salah , Ayyer Kartik , Bajt Saša , Barák Imrich , Bari Sadia , Bielecki Johan , Botha Sabine , Boukhelef Djelloul , Brehm Wolfgang , Brockhauser Sandor , Cheviakov Igor , Coleman Matthew A. , Cruz-Mazo Francisco , Danilevski Cyril , Darmanin Connie , Doak R. Bruce , Domaracky Martin , Dörner Katerina , Du Yang , Fangohr Hans , Fleckenstein Holger , Frank Matthias , Fromme Petra , Gañán-Calvo Alfonso M. , Gevorkov Yaroslav , Giewekemeyer Klaus , Ginn Helen Mary , Graafsma Heinz , Graceffa Rita , Greiffenberg Dominic , Gumprecht Lars , Göttlicher Peter , Hajdu Janos , Hauf Steffen , Heymann Michael , Holmes Susannah , Horke Daniel A. , Hunter Mark S. , Imlau Siegfried , Kaukher Alexander , Kim Yoonhee , Klyuev Alexander , Knoška Juraj , Kobe Bostjan , Kuhn Manuela , Kupitz Christopher , Küpper Jochen , Lahey-Rudolph Janine Mia , Laurus Torsten , Le Cong Karoline , Letrun Romain , Xavier P. Lourdu , Maia Luis , Maia Filipe R. N. C. , Mariani Valerio , Messerschmidt Marc , Metz Markus , Mezza Davide , Michelat Thomas , Mills Grant , Monteiro Diana C. F. , Morgan Andrew , Mühlig Kerstin , Munke Anna , Münnich Astrid , Nette Julia , Nugent Keith A. , Nuguid Theresa , Orville Allen M. , Pandey Suraj , Pena Gisel , Villanueva-Perez Pablo , Poehlsen Jennifer , Previtali Gianpietro , Redecke Lars , Riekehr Winnie Maria , Rohde Holger , Round Adam , Safenreiter Tatiana , Sarrou Iosifina , Sato Tokushi , Schmidt Marius , Schmitt Bernd , Schönherr Robert , Schulz Joachim , Sellberg Jonas A. , Seibert M. Marvin , Seuring Carolin , Shelby Megan L. , Shoeman Robert L. , Sikorski Marcin , Silenzi Alessandro , Stan Claudiu A. , Shi Xintian , Stern Stephan , Sztuk-Dambietz Jola , Szuba Janusz , Tolstikova Aleksandra , Trebbin Martin , Trunk Ulrich , Vagovic Patrik , Ve Thomas , Weinhausen Britta , White Thomas A. , Wrona Krzysztof , Xu Chen , Yefanov Oleksandr , Zatsepin Nadia , Zhang Jiaguo , Perbandt Markus , Mancuso Adrian P. , Betzel Christian , Chapman Henry , Barty Anton 
Published: September 2018

The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.