bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contact Toxicity of Various Stemona Collinsiae Root Extracts Against Periplaneta Americana (Dictyoptera: Blattodea) And Detection of Didehydrostemofoline Distribution in Tissue Using MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sakulpanich Aurapa , Ounklong Korawan , Sommanat Jinnaphat , Phayakkaphon Anon , Srisawat Raweewan , Ruangsittichai Jiraporn
Published: December 2021

Contact toxicity against Periplaneta americana has never been tested with S. collinsiae root extract. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethanol and water extracts were tested in final-instar nymphs and adult P. americana by topical application method. The dichloromethane extract showed the high-est potency of contact toxicity against the final-instar nymphs (41-100% corrected mortality at 48 hours), lowest LC50 (1.5±0.2 %w/v at 48 hours), and lowest LT50 (36.1±0.8 hours at 10%w/v) while the water crude extract lacked the contact toxicity (0-0% corrected mortality at 48 hours). Signs of toxicity, such as excited movement, trembling body, motionlessness, and swollen abdomen segment including irregularly extended foregut were found at the both stages of P. americana dropping with solutions of dichloromethane extract. Detection of didehydrostemofoline distri-bution using IMS revealed that didehydrostemofoline distributed in the tissue of the dead fi-nal-instar nymph and adult P. americana contacting with dichloromethane extract, but it was not found in tissue of euthanized P. americana which exposed to the water extract. Didehydrostemo-foline in the extract was a cause of toxicity signs and death of P. americana via a contact route. Thus, dichloromethane extract and didehydrostemofoline could be used as an active ingredient and chemical marker in aerosol and spray formulations for cockroach control.
Secondary Structure and X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis of the Glideosome-Associated Connector (GAC) from Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Kumar Amit , Zhang Xu , Vadas Oscar , Stylianou Fisentzos , Dos Santos Pacheco Nicolas , Rouse Sarah , Morgan Marc , Soldati-Favre Dominique , Matthews Stephen
Published: December 2021

A model for parasitic motility has been proposed in which parasite filamentous actin (F-actin) is attached to surface adhesins by a large component of the glideosome, known as the glideosome-associated connector protein (GAC). This large 286 kDa protein interacts at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane with the phosphatidic acid-enriched inner leaflet and cytosolic tails of surface adhesins to connect them to the parasite actomyosin system. GAC is observed initially to the conoid at the apical pole and re-localised with the glideosome to the basal pole in gliding parasite. GAC presumably functions in force transmission to surface adhesins in the plasma membrane and not in force generation. Proper connection between F-actin and the adhesins is as important for motility and invasion as motor operation itself. This notion highlights the need for new structural information on GAC interactions, which has eluded the field since its discovery. We have obtained crystals that diffracted to 2.6-2.9 Å for full-length GAC from Toxoplasma gondii in native and selenomethionine-labelled forms. These crystals belong to space group P212121, cell dimensions are roughly a=119 Å, b=123Å, c=221Å, α=90, β=90, γ=90 with 1 molecule per asymmetric unit, suggesting a more compact conformation than previously proposed.
Direct in vivo Analysis of CBD- and THC-Acid Type Cannabinoids and Classification of Cannabis Cultivars by SpiderMass
Authors: Ogrinc Nina , Schneider Serge , Bourmaud Adèle , Salzet Michel , Fournier Isabelle
Published: December 2021

In the recent years, Cannabis and hemp-based products have become increasingly popular for various applications ranging from recreational use, edibles, beverages to health care products and medicines. The rapid detection and differentiation of phytocannabinoids is, therefore, essential to assess the potency, therapeutic and nutritional values of cannabis cultivars. Here, we implemented the SpiderMass technology for the in vivo detection of cannabidiol acid (CBDA) and tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA) and other endogenous organic plant compounds to access distribution gradients within the plants and differentiate cultivars. The SpiderMass system is composed of an IR- laser handheld microsampling probe connected to the mass spectrometer through a transfer tube. The analysis was performed in situ on different plant organs from freshly cultivated Cannabis plants in only a few seconds. SpiderMass analysis easily discriminated the two acid phytocannabinoid isomers by MS/MS and the built statistical models differentiated between four Cannabis cultivars. Different abundancies of acid phytocannabinoids were also found along the plant as well as between different cultivars. All together, these results introduce the direct analysis by SpiderMass as a compelling analytical alternative for forensic and hemp industrial analysis.
Disparities in Lung Cancer: miRNA Isoform Characterization in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Distefano Rosario , Nigita Giovanni , Le Patricia , Romano Giulia , Acunzo Mario , Nana-Sinkam Patrick
Published: December 2021

Despite the development of targeted therapeutics, immunotherapy, and strategies for early detection, lung cancer carries a high mortality. Further, significant racial disparities in outcomes exist for which the molecular drivers have yet to be fully elucidated. The growing field of Epitranscriptomics has introduced a new layer of complexity to the molecular pathogenesis of cancer. RNA modifications can occur in coding and non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs, possibly altering their gene regulatory function. The potential role for such modifications as clinically informative biomarkers remains largely unknown. Here, we concurrently profiled canonical miRNAs, shifted isomiRs (templated and non-templated), miRNAs with single-point modification events (RNA and DNA) in White American (W) and Black or African American (B/AA) lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. We found that while most deregulated miRNA isoforms were similar in W and B/AA LUAD tissues compared to normal adjacent tissues, there was a subgroup of isoforms with deregulation according to race. We specifically investigated an edited miRNA, miR-151a-3p with an A-to-I editing event at position 3, to determine how its altered expression may be associated with activation of divergent biological pathways between W and B/AA LUAD patients. Finally, we identified distinct race-specific miRNA isoforms that correlated with prognosis for both Ws and B/AAs. Our results suggest that concurrently profiling canonical and non-canonical miRNAs may have potential as a strategy for identifying additional distinct biological pathways and biomarkers in lung cancer.
Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs) In Adipose: Physiological Role and Therapeutic Outlook
Authors: Al Mahri Saeed , Malik Shuja Shafi , Al Ibrahim Maria , Haji Esraa , Dairi Ghida , Mohammad Sameer
Published: December 2021

Fatty acids (FFAs) are important biological molecules that serve as a major energy source and are key components of biological membranes. Besides, FFAs play important roles in metabolic regulation and contribute to the development and progression of metabolic disorders like diabetes. Recent studies have shown that FFAs can act as important ligands of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of cells and impact key physiological processes. Free fatty acid activated receptors include FFAR1 (GPR40), FFAR2 (GPR43), FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR4 (GPR120). FFAR2 and FFAR3are activated by short chain fatty acids like acetate, propionate and butyrate whereas FFAR1 and FFAR4 are activated by medium and long chain fatty acids like palmitate, oleate, linoleate and others. FFARs have generated considerable attention over the last few years and have become attractive pharmacological targets in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Several lines of evidence point to their importance in the regulation of whole-body metabolic homeostasis including adipose metabolism. Here we summarize our current understanding of the physiological functions of FFAR isoforms in adipose biology and explore the prospect of FFAR based therapies to treat patients with obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
On the Distributional Characterization of Graph Models of Water Distribution Networks in Wasserstein Spaces
Authors: Candelieri Antonio , Ponti Andrea , Archetti Francesco
Published: December 2021

This paper is focused on two topics very relevant in water distribution networks (WDNs): vulnerability assessment and the optimal placement of water quality sensors. The main novelty element of this paper is to represent the data of the problem, in this case all objects in a graph underlying a water distribution network, as discrete probability distributions. For vulnerability (and the related issue of re-silience) the metrics from network theory, widely studied and largely adopted in the water research community, reflect connectivity expressed as closeness centrality or, betweenness centrality based on the average values of shortest paths between all pairs of nodes. Also network efficiency and the related vulnerability measures are related to average of inverse distances. In this paper we propose a different approach based on the discrete probability distribution, for each node, of the node-to-node distances. For the optimal sensor placement, the elements to be represented as dis-crete probability distributions are sub-graphs given by the locations of water quality sensors. The objective functions, detection time and its variance as a proxy of risk, are accordingly represented as a discrete e probability distribution over contamination events. This problem is usually dealt with by EA algorithm. We’ll show that a probabilistic distance, specifically the Wasserstein (WST) distance, can naturally allow an effective formulation of genetic operators. Usually, each node is associated to a scalar real number, in the optimal sensor placement considered in the literature, average detection time, but in many applications, node labels are more naturally expressed as histograms or probability distributions: the water demand at each node is naturally seen as a histogram over the 24 hours cycle. The main aim of this paper is twofold: first to show how different problems in WDNs can take advantage of the representational flexibility inherent in WST spaces. Second how this flexibility translates into computational procedures.
What the Tortoise Said to Achilles: Lewis Carroll’s Paradox in Terms of Hilbert Arithmetic
Authors: Penchev Vasil
Published: December 2021

Lewis Carroll, both logician and writer, suggested a logical paradox containing furthermore two connotations (connotations or metaphors are inherent in literature rather than in mathematics or logics). The paradox itself refers to implication demonstrating that an intermediate implication can be always inserted in an implication therefore postponing its ultimate conclusion for the next step and those insertions can be iteratively and indefinitely added ad lib, as if ad infinitum. Both connotations clear up links due to the shared formal structure with other well-known mathematical observations: (1) the paradox of Achilles and the Turtle; (2) the transitivity of the relation of equality. Analogically to (1), one can juxtapose the paradox of the Liar (for Lewis Carroll’s paradox) and that of the arrow (for “Achilles and the Turtle”), i.e. a logical paradox, on the one hand, and an aporia of motion, on the other hand, suggesting a shared formal structure of both, which can be called “ontological”, on which basis “motion” studied by physics and “conclusion” studied by logic can be unified being able to bridge logic and physics philosophically in a Hegelian manner: even more, the bridge can be continued to mathematics in virtue of (2), which forces the equality (for its property of transitivity) of any two quantities to be postponed analogically ad lib and ad infinitum. The paper shows that Hilbert arithmetic underlies naturally Lewis Carroll’s paradox admitting at least three interpretations linked to each other by it: mathematical, physical and logical. Thus, it can be considered as both generalization and solution of his paradox therefore naturally unifying the completeness of quantum mechanics (i.e. the absence of hidden variables) and eventual completeness of mathematics as the same and isomorphic to the completeness of propositional logic in relation to set theory as a first-order logic (in the sense of Gödel (1930)’s completeness theorems).
Rice-husk biochar effects on organic carbon, aggregate stability and nitrogen-fertility of coarse-textured Ultisols evaluated using Celosia argentea growth
Authors: Ebido Nancy E. , Edeh Ifeoma G. , Unagwu Benedict O. , Nnadi Adaobi L. , Ozongwu Ogorchukwu V. , Obalum Sunday Ewele , Igwe Charles A.
Published: December 2021

There are insufficient data supporting the enormous potential of biochar in highly weathered tropical soils. This glasshouse study assessed rice-husk biochar (RHB) effects on soil organic carbon, aggregate stability and nitrogen fertility of sandy-loam Ultisols which were evaluated using spinach (Celosia argentea) growth. Five RHB rates 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g per two-kg-soil (0, 7.5, 15, 30 and 60 t ha−1, respectively) were studied under 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of incubation (WOI). Batched potting of treatments enabled sowing on one date. Treatment effects on soil quality were assessed at sowing and spinach growth six weeks later. Soil organic carbon generally increased with RHB rate, with the greatest increments (37%) in maximum rate relative to no-biochar control for 8 WOI. Aggregate stability also generally increased with RHB rate, the range being 7.21%-17.21% for 8 WOI, beyond which it decreased in 10 and 20 but not 40 g pot–1. Total nitrogen was always highest in maximum rate, increasing with rate only for 8 WOI. Treatment affected plant height more clearly than leaf count. Optimum rates were 5 or 10 g pot–1 for 8 and 4 WOI, respectively (plant height) and 10 g pot–1 for 8 WOI (leaf count). Soil organic carbon influenced soil aggregate stability (R2 = 0.505) which in turn was quadratically related to plant height (R2 = 0.517), indicating stability threshold for spinach. Adding RHB at 40 g pot–1 (≈ 60 t ha−1) to coarse-textured tropical soils is suggested to sustain its soil aggregating effect beyond the growth phase of short-cycle leafy vegetables which require a lower rate (10 g pot–1) 8 weeks before sowing. The observed role of soil aggregate stability in spinach growth rather than the overall effects of RHB should guide further search for edapho-agronomic optimum rate of RHB.
Jet-Niche Technology Influence Potential on the Economic and Operating Parameters of the Fire-Engineering Equipment
Authors: Horban Kateryna , Siryi Oleksandr , Abdulin Myhailo
Published: December 2021

The Power engineering is an inseparable part of the contemporary world that has a negative influence on the ecology; in particular it provokes the pollution of atmosphere with such harmful emissions as nitrogen and carbon oxides. Different methods are used to reduce the emission of harmful substances. The efficiency of such methods is increased when these are used in combination and not separately. The recirculation of flue gases and the use of contemporary technologies for municipal boilers, in particular jet-niche technology (JNT) enabled the reduction of NOx and СО emissions to the levels that meet the requirements of European standards simultaneously improving the efficiency of the operation of the fire-engineering facility. The principle of operation of the JNT is based on the formation of the compact stable self-controlled vortex structure and on the interaction system of flammable and oncoming oxidizer flows. This technology enables the operation at minimum recirculation values and it means that all boiler parameters can be retained, in particular starting characteristic, combustion stability and unavailability of vibration modes including a high level of fuel burnout. The obtained research data showed that NОх values were in the range of 80 to 140 mg/m3 when the oxygen content at the furnace inlet was 20% and lower for different boiler systems (DKBR-10, KVGM-6.5, PTVM-50) at CO values close to 50 mg/m2. Hence, the use of the burners of a JNT type enables the reduction of NОхemissions and retains the combustion process efficiency.
Dynamics of an oscillator with a quadratic nonlinearity in the expression of the elastic force loaded with a step pulse
Authors: Maksym Slipchenko  , Olshanskiy Vasil , Olshanskiy Stanislav
Published: December 2021

The unsteady oscillations of an oscillator with a quadratic nonlinearity in the expression of the elastic force under the action of an instantaneously applied constant force are described. The analytical solution of a second-order nonlinear differential equation is expressed in terms of periodic Jacobi elliptic functions. It is shown that the dynamic coefficient of a nonlinear system depends on the value of the instantaneously applied force and the direction of its action, since the elasticity characteristic of the system is asymmetric. If the force is directed towards positive displacements, then the characteristic of the system is "rigid" and the dynamic coefficient is in the interval , that is, it is smaller than that of a linear system. In the case when the force is directed towards negative displacements, the elasticity characteristic of the system is «soft» and the dynamic coefficient falls into the gap (2, 3), that is, it is larger than in the linear system. In the second case of deformation, there are static and dynamic critical values of the force, the excess of which leads to a loss of stability of the system. The dynamic critical force value is less than the static one. Since the displacement of the oscillator is expressed in terms of the Jacobi functions, the proposed formula for their approximate calculation using the table of the full elliptic integral of the first kind. The results of calculations are given, which illustrate the possibilities of the stated theory. For comparison, in parallel with the use of analytical solutions, numerical computer integration of the differential equation of motion was carried out. The convergence of the calculation results in two ways confirmed the adequacy of the derived formulas, which are also suitable for analyzing the motion of a quadratically nonlinear oscillator with a symmetric elastic characteristic. Thus, the considered nonlinear problem has an analytical solution in elliptic functions, and the process of motion depends on the direction in which the external force acts. In addition, when a force is applied towards a lower rigidity, a loss of system stability is possible.

Keywords: nonlinear oscillator, quadratic nonlinearity, stepwise force impulse, Jacobi elliptic functions.
Two-level mathematical models for determining the stress state and life plate with a hole
Authors: Shapovalova Mariya Ihorivna , Vodka Oleksii Oleksandrovich
Published: December 2021

Modern trends in the development of mechanical engineering and other industries related to the production of materials and structures with a given set of physical, mechanical, and technological properties are aimed at reducing material consumption, energy consumption, increasing accuracy, reliability, and competitiveness of the manufactured product. Therefore, the creation of mathematical methods for assessing the stress state of structural elements based on the analysis of the elastic characteristics of a material, taking into account the peculiarities of its internal microstructure, is an actual task. The considered algorithm includes the following stages: identification of strength parameters using data obtained from images of the material microstructure; study of the stress-strain state of the model based on the variational-difference finite element method; formation of a system of linear algebraic equations for solving the problem of analyzing the elastic properties of a material using the plane problem of the theory of elasticity; construction of the material yield surface for a series of tests based on the strength criteria of composite materials, taking into account the different resistance of the material under tensile and compressive loads. Based on the developed mathematical model, the SSS and the yield surface of the plate with a hole are estimated. Structural analysis is performed at the macro and micro levels. The occurrence of plastic deformations at the micro-level can lead to the development of cracks and structural damage at the macro level. As a result of the study, the probability of plastic deformation in the plate is determined, and the critical zones of the model are established. The practical significance of the results obtained is to create an approach to assessing the mechanical properties of a material, such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and their probabilistic characteristics following the internal material structure. The proposed approach contributes to the expansion of knowledge about the material and allows to increase the valuable information obtained by modeling. To assess the probability of plastic deformations, the generated method uses the entire set of probabilistic characteristics of the yield surface.
Diagnostics of the presence of a fatigue crack in the compressor blade using the spectrum of vibration amplitudes at the superharmonic resonance
Authors: Savchenko Kyrylo , Zinkovskiy Anatoliy , Onishchenko Eugeniia , Kruts Vadym , Kabannyk Sergii
Published: December 2021

In this study, the solution of the forced vibration response of a structural element with a fatigue crack was carried out using the finite element method to determine the influence of its presence on the flexural forced vibration behaviour of the compressor blade airfoil at the superharmonic resonance of the order 1/2. The blade airfoil with a low twisted angle was used as an object of investigation to perform the computational analysis. Its vibrations in the plane of minimum stiffness were excited by the kinematic displacement of root edge elements. The fatigue crack was modelled as a mathematical cut. Two locations of the crack were investigated – on the leading edge and convex side of the blade airfoil. The nonlinearity due to the intermittent contact of the crack surfaces, which is caused by the opening and closing of the crack during each vibration cycle, was taken into account by solving the contact problem. To quantify this kind of nonlinear dynamic behaviour, the vibration diagnostic parameter was defined as the displacement amplitude ratio of the dominant harmonics at the superharmonic resonance of the order 1/2. Based on the results of the calculations it has been found that regardless of the crack location, the ratio nature is the same for all vibration axes. However, with vibrations in the plane of minimum stiffness, the crack on the convex side of the airfoil has an opening mode propagation, which makes it possible to fix its location due to a sharp change in the ratio of the amplitudes of the dominant harmonics along the corresponding axis.
Mathematical description of a hybrid quadrocopter for the purpose of computer simulation of controlled motion
Authors: Uspenskyi Valerij Borisovich , Nekrasova Mariia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2021

The problem of constructing the most complete mathematical model of the movement of a hybrid-type quadcopter, which, in addition to electric motors, is also equipped with an internal combustion engine, is considered. The relevance of this development is due to the desire to create a control system for a quadcopter of relatively new design, and the feasibility of development is due to the desire to use integrated design, improving the design of the device and elements of navigation and control. The developed mathematical model of the motion of the center of mass of the quadcopter and around the center of mass includes control variables and takes into account the gyroscopic moments from the rotors of the engines - carriers of kinetic moments. This model can be used in the process of designing and debugging control algorithms for such aircraft. The main method of modeling is the numerical integration of the system of differential equations. The given modeling complex will allow to carry out researches on influence of perturbing factors and imperfection of elements of a control system; test and improve management laws; to modernize the design of the quadcopter to increase the efficiency of operation. The advantage of the model is its validity, openness, versatility, as it is easy to adapt to any other design of the quadcopter.
Implementation and use of the Levenberg-Marquard algorithm in the problems of calibration of robotic manipulators
Authors: Andrjejev Yuriy Mihailovich
Published: December 2021

The well-known problem of calibration of an arbitrary robotic manipulator, which is formulated in the most general form, is considered. To solve the direct problem of kinematics, an alternative to the Denavit-Hartenberg method, a universal analytical description of the kinematic scheme, taking into account possible errors in the manufacture and assembly of robot parts, is proposed. At the same time, a universal description of the errors in the orientation of the axes of the articulated joints of the links is proposed. On the basis of such a description, the direct and inverse problem of kinematics of robots as spatial mechanisms can be solved, taking into account the distortions of dimensions, the position of the axes of the joints and the positions of the zeros of the angles of their rotation. The problem of calibration of manipulators is formulated as a problem of the least squares method. Analytical formulas of the objective function of the least squares method for solving the problem are obtained. Expressions for the gradient vector and the Hessian of the objective function for the direct algorithm, Newton-Gauss and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms are obtained by analytical differentiation using a special computer algebra system KiDyM. The procedures in the C ++ language for calculating the elements of the gradient and hessian are automatically generated. On the example of a projected angular 6-degree robot-manipulator, the results of modeling the solution to the problem of its calibration, that is, determination of 36 unknown angular and linear errors, are presented. A comparison is made of the solution of the calibration problem for simulated 64 and 729 experiments, in which the generalized coordinates - the angles in the joints took the values ±90° and -90°, 0, +90°.
Heat generation in devices for magnetic-pulse processing of materials
Authors: Anishchenko Galina Ottovna , Konokhov Vladimir Ivanovich , Lavinsky Denis Vladimirovich
Published: December 2021

The problem of analysis of non-stationary heat generation due to the flow of electric current in devices for magnetic-pulse processing of materials is considered. An analysis of the available information sources led to the conclusion that a large number of studies in this area are devoted to the study of heat transfer processes during technological operations of induction heating. In other technological operations of magnetic-pulse processing of materials, heat release is also significant. In this case, a non-stationary inhomogeneous temperature field can lead to significant temperature deformations. This, in turn, can cause a loss in the performance of the device due to destruction or irreversible deformation. Adequate modeling of non-stationary temperature propagation in this case is an obligatory step in carrying out computational analysis in the process of designing technological devices. A general strategy is proposed for determining the propagation of a non-stationary temperature field in the presence of a non-stationary non-uniform electromagnetic field. The proposed strategy presupposes a general solution of the problems of the propagation of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field within the framework of a unified design scheme. The use of the finite element method is proposed as a numerical method. The finite element method, when used in such problems, allows one to draw up iterative procedures that can be used to take into account the nonlinear effects associated with the influence of temperature on the electro-physical properties of materials. The problem of sequential determination of a non-stationary, non-uniform electromagnetic field and a non-stationary temperature field in composite matrices intended for electromagnetic pressing of powders of super-strong refractory materials is considered. The distribution of some quantitative characteristics of the electromagnetic field, as well as the dependence of temperature on time are presented.
Determination of the response surface by strength and vibration parameters of the steam turbine blade
Authors: Vodka Oleksiy , Potopalska Ksenia Yevgenivna
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted the definition of the function of limiting the geometric parameters of the steam turbine blade at given external loads. For this, a geometric model of a steam turbine blade was created, consisting of a blade body, a shank, and a shroud. The variable parameters were the angle of rotation of the middle section relative to the center of mass (which varied from 87 degrees to 92 degrees), as well as the length of the blade (varied from 495 mm to 525 mm). At the next stage, a finite element mesh was created. For the constructed model, an ordered finite element mesh was created in the area of the blade. Determined the stress-strain state of the blade during the operating mode. When carrying out the static analysis, an rotation velocity of 50 Hz was used as a load, and at the point of attachment of the disk in the shank, fixed displacement of all directions were used. The equivalent von Mises stresses and displacement in the structure are obtained. The zone of maximum stresses is located at the point where the blade is attached to the shank, but they do not exceed the limits. To determine the vibration characteristics of a steam turbine blade, its modal analysis was carried out taking into account the prestressed state from the action of static loads. The first six eigen modes of a steam turbine blade are obtained under the indicated initial conditions. The eigen frequency corresponding to the first form coincides with the rotational velocity (equal to 49 Hz), and the subsequent ones correspond to the multiplicities, respectively. At the next stage, a series of calculations was carried out to determine the response surface for the given parameters. The response surface for the maximum von Mises stresses and the first 4 modes of natural vibrations are determined. On the basis of the obtained results of studies of oscillations and deformed state of the blades with varying input parameters, it is possible to obtain a constraint for solving the optimization problem.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF CYLINDRICAL GEARS WITH CONVEX-CONCAVE CONTACT: OBJECTIVE FUNCTION AND VARIABLES PLANNING
Authors: Ustynenko Oleksandr , Levin Nickita , Bondarenko Oleksiy , Bošanský Miroslav , Protasov Roman , Andrienko Sergij , Matyushenko Mykola
Published: December 2021

Reducing the mass and dimensions of gears is an actual task of modern mechanical engineering. One of the perspective ways to solve it is the use of gearing with a convex-concave contact of the teeth. Therefore, the study is devoted to the development of methods for the optimal design of cylindrical gears with convex-concave contact of the working surfaces. Optimality criteria: minimum contact stresses and (or) minimum relative sliding velocities, taking into account design, geometrical and technological constraints. C-C gearing was chosen as the object of research. It was proposed by the Slovak scientists M. Boshanski and M. Veresh. An objective function is constructed for the case of minimizing contact stresses. The optimality criterion is formulated as follows: contact stresses σH in the mesh must take the minimum possible value when all constraints are met. An objective function is also constructed for the case of minimizing the relative sliding velocities of profiles. The optimality criterion is formulated as follows: the relative sliding s velocities of profiles λ at the extreme points of mesh must take the minimum possible value when all the constraints are met. Variables planning are defined. These are pressure angle at the pole αС, the curvature radius at the upper part of contact path rkh, and the curvature radius at the lower part of contact path rkd. A method for solving the problem of optimal design is chosen. The method of probing the space of design parameters was chosen from all the variety. The points of the LPτ-sequence are used as test points. The method allows you to operate with a significant number of parameters – up to 51, provides a sufficiently large number of evenly distributed test points – up to 220. In further studies, it is planned to form a system of constraints on variables planning, to develop methods and algorithms for solving the problem. Also carry out test and verification calculations to confirm and evaluate the theoretical results.
Keywords: gear, convex-concave contact, optimal design, objective function, variables planning
USE OF PROPOSALITY MEASURES IN THE PROBLEM OF DISTRIBUTING THE PRODUCTION PROGRAM BY THE SCHEDULED PERIOD ON THE BASIS OF THE SIMILARITY OF THE SIMILARITY OF DAKE, JACKARD, MAXFEDOR, OTIA, RAO, TANIMOTO
Authors: Андрій Федоров  , Павло Нотовський  , Андреа Елізабет Передрій
Published: December 2021

The distribution of the production program of many production options for planned periods of various durations is relevant for modern production. The specificity of this production is that from the same parts, assemblies (assembly units), many modifications and sizes of products can be assembled to satisfy more consumers. The complexes of work on individual products is neither a repetition of each other, nor completely different, but have some similarities and individual differences, and the production time is less than the planned period. In the work, the authors expressed the opinion that if the duration of the production cycle is less than the planned period, then the structural and technological features of individual products cannot be ignored in the tasks of distributing the production program (volume-calendar planning tasks). This statement is erroneous. Using such specifics, it is possible to improve the economic indicators of such production, and we have shown in this paper. The combination of similar structural and technological products in separate planning periods increases the specialization of production in separate periods, reduces losses from equipment downtime, increases labor productivity and reduces the load on the operating manager by reducing the number of planning and accounting units in each period. In the work, proximity measures are proposed based on the known similarity coefficients, since it is more convenient to algorithmize the distribution process of the production program. The authors proved that the proposed measures correspond to the Frechet axiomatics.
Program Paket Masa Depan BPTN Syariah Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah
Authors: Khair Fathul
Published: December 2021

Until 2018, BTPN Syariah's profits have reached Rp. 7.27 trillion and making BTPN Syariah one of the largest Islamic commercial banks (BUS) in Indonesia. This is due to BTPN Syariah's main product, Paket Masa Depan (PMD) program. However, in the implementation of the PMD program in Depok's mobile marketing Syariah (MMS) Sleman district, some parties do’t understand the contents of the PMD contract so they think PMD financing was the same as loans that benefit from interest. This research is a field research. This research aims to describe and analyze BTPN Syariah PMD program in MMS Depok muamalah fiqh perspective. Data collection in this study was obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of this study are the implementation of PMD in MMS Depok not in accordance with company regulations and fiqh muamalah. PMD implementation mistakes at MMS Depok namely; does not submit a murabahah contract, so that carrying out financing raises the perspective of interest loans; the customer deviates from the use of funds that are’t in accordance with the agreement; the object of the contract in financing is money, not goods; predetermined financial ceiling; and customers cannot withdraw their wadiah savings at any time but by ordering and can only be compile by routine meeting sentra.
Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah: Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Mengatasi Perekonomian Masa Pandemic Covid 19
Authors: Kusrini Eni
Published: December 2021

Pandemic covid 19 is increasingly significant in Indonesia, so the economy is unstable. This is caused by paralysis of activities in all dimensions of life so that the economy is completely paralyzed. Government policy is needed to be able to survive in the covid pandemic 19, so as to suppress the rate of inflation and the community is able to survive in the midst of the economic crush in accordance with Islamic economic law studies. Islamic scientific studies in the realm of sharia macroeconomics need to be carried out in order to be able to suppress and even overcome the problems that occur in the State of Indonesia today. How the government efforts are able to work together with all the various communities able that this outbreak is able to be overcome and not prolonged.
Akad Mudharabah Muthlaqah pada Deposito Kaffah di Bank Sumsel Babel Syariah
Authors: Pertiwi Dian
Published: December 2021

Application of Mudharabah Muthlaqah on mudharabah deposits, the depositor or depositor acts as the owner of the funds (shahibul maal) and the bank acts as the manager of the funds (mudharib). The customer as the owner of the funds (shahibul maal) cannot provide certain limitations or requirements to the Islamic bank as the fund manager (mudharib) in managing their investment, whether related to the place, method or object of investment. Customers will get benefits in the form of profit sharing on deposits where the bank distributes profit sharing to customers with a ratio that has been agreed at the beginning and get results at maturity every month which goes directly to the customer's account. If there is a deposit payment before maturity, the bank will impose a fine on the customer in accordance with the bank's policy. Islamic banks have rights and freedoms in the mudharabah business. Profits from various sectors that are expected by Islamic banks to be profitable.
The Case Against Censoring of Progression-Free Survival in Cancer Clinical Trials – A Pandemic Shutdown as an Illustration
Authors: Jamoul Corinne , Collette Laurence , Coart Elisabeth , D’Hollander Koenraad , Burzykowski Tomasz , Saad Everardo D . , Buyse Marc
Published: December 2021

Missing data may lead to loss of statistical power and introduce bias in clinical trials. The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on patient health care and on the conduct of cancer clinical trials. Restricted access to sites, medication and evaluations brings challenges to the analysis of clinical trials due to missing data. Although several endpoints may be affected, progression-free survival (PFS) is of major concern, given its frequent use as primary endpoint in advanced cancer and the fact that missed radiographic assessments are to be expected. If patients with progression have delayed radiographic assessment due to the pandemic, there is controversy between censoring at the last visit prior to a shutdown period or ascribing the progression date to the day the assessment is eventually done after the end of the shutdown. The recent introduction of the estimand framework creates an opportunity to define more precisely the target of estimation and ensure alignment between the scientific question and the statistical analysis. Two basic approaches can be considered for handling missing tumor scans due to the pandemic: a “treatment policy” strategy, which consists in ascribing events to the time they are observed, and a “hypothetical” approach of censoring patients with events during the shutdown period at the last assessment prior to that period. In this article, we show through simulations how these two approaches may affect the overall power of a study and bias the estimated treatment effect and median PFS estimates. As a general rule, we suggest that the treatment policy approach, which conforms with the intent-to-treat principle, should be the primary analysis in order to avoid unnecessary loss of power and minimize bias in median PFS estimates.
Expression of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR and Its Influence on the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway and Inflammation in Patients With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Xiaolu , Liu Jian , Sun Yanqiu , Wen Jianting , Zhou Qin , Ding Xiang , Zhang Xianheng
Published: December 2021

Objective: Our research was designed to investigate the correlations among expression of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, clinical-related indicators, and long noncoding RNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (lncRNA HOTAIR) in osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The expression of immune-inflammatory indicators was detected in OA patients and normal people, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted to induce human chondrocytes (CHs). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure lncRNA HOTAIR expression. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and adiponectin were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to assess the viability of CHs. Western blot analysis was utilized to evaluate related protein expression.Results: LncRNA HOTAIR showed high expression in PBMCs of OA patients with the sensitivity and specificity of receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve according to the area under the ROC curve, indicating that lncRNA HOTAIR might act as a biomarker of OA. Moreover, lncRNA HOTAIR was positively correlated with total cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and visual analog scale score, which were found to be independent risk factors for lncRNA HOTAIR expression. Besides, overexpression of lncRNA HOTAIR diminished cell viability and IL-10 expression but augmented TNF-α expression in OA-CHs stimulated by OA-PBMCs. Meanwhile, lncRNA HOTAIR overexpression elevated the levels of PI3K, AKT proteins and reduced PTEN protein expression in OA-CHs.Conclusions: Conclusively, lncRNA HOTAIR was upregulated in PBMCs of OA patients, which facilitated the inflammatory response of OA by orchestrating inflammatory cytokines and the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Assessment of Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety Among pwMS in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsaeed Saffanah , Alkhawajah Nuha , Aljarallah Salman , Alarieh Rola , Abushaheen Amani
Published: December 2021

Background.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory chronic disease that is characterized by an increased prevalence of adverse mental health outcomes in patients with MS (pwMS). The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors of depression and anxiety in pwMS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
Materials and Methods.
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in KSA during the period from March to June 2020. Participants were recruited from the Neuroimmunology clinics in King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) and King Saud University medical city (KSUMC)in Riyadh City, KSA. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure depression and anxiety. Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) was used to measure fatigue in pwMS. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to select participants and the data were analyzed using SPSS v.24.0.
Results.
A total of 529 participants participated in this study with a response rate of 53.1%. The prevalences of anxiety and depression were 35.3% and 19.7%, respectively. The findings also revealed that depression was more likely to be significantly affected by being male, low education, unemployment, physical inactivity, and fatigue but the anxiety was significantly affected by region, unemployment, short duration since last MS relapse, physical inactivity, and fatigue.
Conclusion.
Anxiety and depression are not uncommon in pwMS. Given their impact on the lives of affected patients, early detection and management of these symptoms and their associated factors are crucial.
The Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds Extract as A Prospective Insecticidal Agent Against Some Main Key Pests of Phesolus Vulgaris in Laboratory and Field
Authors: Hussein Hany , Abouamer Waleed , Ali Hatem , El-khadragy Manal , Yehia Hany , Farouk Amr
Published: December 2021

Exploiting massive amounts of food and agro-waste represents a severe social, economic, and environmental issue. Under the growing demand toward food products free of toxic synthetic insecticides, the methanolic extract of spent coffee grounds (SCGs), which represent the main by-product of coffee production, was applied in the current study as a bioinsecticide against the main pests of the green bean; Spodoptera littoralis, Agrotis ipsilon, Bemisia tabaci, Empoasca fabi and Aphis craccivora. Deterrent assay, contact bioassay, and lethal concentration analysis were performed to reveal the repellent, antifeedant, and oviposition deterrent effects. Parallel to the above-performed bioassays, the phytochemical composition of the SCGs methanolic extract was investigated via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Fourteen phenolic acids and five flavonoids in addition to caffeine (alkaloid) have been identified in the extract. Cinnamic, rosmarinic, and gallic acids were the predominant phenolics, while apigenin-7-glucoside was the main flavonoid, followed by naringin, catechin, and epicatechin. The extract of SCGs showed an insecticidal effect, with mortality between 27.5-76% compared to the control (7.4%) and based on the concentration of the extract used. In the same trend, oviposition efficiency revealed different laid egg batches (0.67, 2.33, 7.33, and 8.67 batch/jar) for 100, 50, 25% of the SCGs extract and control. Finally, the major components of SCGs extract were docked into insecticide acetylcholinesterase enzyme to explore their potential of inhibition, where apigenin-7-glucoside showed a higher binding affinity, followed by catechin, compared to the control (lannate). Obtained findings could be a starting point to develop novel bioinsecticides from SCGs.
An ancestral interaction module promotes oligomerization in divergent mitochondrial ATP synthases
Authors: Amunts Alexey , Gahura Ondrej , Muhleip Alexander , Hierro-Yap Carolina , Panicucci Brian , Jain Minal , Hollaus David , Slapničková Martina , Zikova Alena
Published: December 2021

Mitochondrial ATP synthase forms stable dimers arranged into oligomeric assemblies that generate the inner-membrane curvature essential for efficient energy conversion. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of the intact ATP synthase dimer from Trypanosoma brucei in ten different rotational states. The model consists of 25 subunits, including nine lineage-specific, as well as 36 lipids. The rotary mechanism is influenced by the divergent peripheral stalk, conferring a greater conformational flexibility. Proton transfer in the lumenal half-channel occurs via a chain of five ordered water molecules. The dimerization interface is formed by subunit-g that is critical for interactions but not for the catalytic activity. Although overall dimer architecture varies among eukaryotes, we find that subunit-g together with subunit-e form an ancestral oligomerization motif, which is shared between the trypanosomal and mammalian lineages. Therefore, our data defines the subunit-g/e module as a structural component determining ATP synthase oligomeric assemblies.