bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buried‐Interface Engineering Enables Efficient and 1960‐Hour ISOS‐L‐2I Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Lin , Wei Mingyang , Carnevali Virginia , Zeng Haipeng , Zeng Miaomiao , Liu Ranran , Lempesis Nikolaos , Eickemeyer Felix Thomas , Luo Long , Agosta Lorenzo , Dankl Mathias , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Roethlisberger Ursula , Grätzel Michael , Rong Yaoguang , Li Xiong
Published: August 2023

High‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) typically require interfacial passivation, yet this is challenging for the buried interface, owing to the dissolution of passivation agents during the deposition of perovskites. Here, this limitation is overcome with in situ buried‐interface passivation—achieved via directly adding a cyanoacrylic‐acid‐based molecular additive, namely BT‐T, into the perovskite precursor solution. Classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that BT‐T spontaneously may self‐assemble at the buried interface during the formation of the perovskite layer on a nickel oxide hole‐transporting layer. The preferential buried‐interface passivation results in facilitated hole transfer and suppressed charge recombination. In addition, residual BT‐T molecules in the perovskite layer enhance its stability and homogeneity. A power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.48% for 1.0 cm2 inverted‐structure PSCs is reported. The encapsulated PSC retains 95.4% of its initial PCE following 1960 h maximum‐power‐point tracking under continuous light illumination at 65 °C (i.e., ISOS‐L‐2I protocol). The demonstration of operating‐stable PSCs under accelerated ageing conditions represents a step closer to the commercialization of this emerging technology.
Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence with A High Dissymmetry Factor in Chiral Helical Superstructures
Authors: Liu Jiao , Song Zhen‐Peng , Wei Juan , Wu Jun‐Jie , Wang Meng‐Zhu , Li Jian‐Gang , Ma Yun , Li Bing‐Xiang , Lu Yan‐Qing , Zhao Qiang
Published: August 2023

Long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of organic materials holds a significant potential for optical information. Circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) with extremely high dissymmetry factor (glum) values is even highly demanded and considerably challenging. Here, an effective strategy is introduced to realize CP‐OURTP with an emission decay time of 735 ms and a glum value up to 1.49, which exceeds two orders of magnitude larger than previous records, through a system composed of RTP polymers and chiral helical superstructures. The system exhibits excellent stability under multiple cycles of photoirradiation and thermal treatment, and is further employed for information encryption based on optical multiplexing. The results are anticipated to lay the foundation for the development of CP‐OURTP materials in advanced photonic applications.
Low‐Cost and High‐Speed Fabrication of Camouflage‐Enabling Microfluidic Devices using Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Authors: Sun Xiaoruo , Asad Asad , Ali Mehnab , Morita Luka , Dolez Patricia I. , Hogan James D. , Sameoto Dan
Published: August 2023

This study demonstrates a multi‐spectrum camouflage control via microfluidic methods within a thermally and visibly semi‐transparent polymer (polyethylene). Microfluidic devices have a high potential for achieving multiband camouflage including both visible and infrared (IR) spectrums because they can manipulate fluids that may be dyed, transparent, or opaque to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, most traditional polymers used for microfluidics are not very transparent in the thermal IR region (≈8–14 um wavelengths), which limits their effectiveness in this spectrum. It develops a high‐speed, low‐cost robust process to fabricate microfluidic devices entirely made from polyethylene using xurography and thermocompression molding techniques. Moreover, a novel method that thermally bond macro‐scale polyethylene tubing to micro‐scale channels is developed. The simplicity and flexibility of the method allow the fabrication of devices with different channel heights, widths, and patterns. Upon filling the microfluidic devices with dyed liquids and testing them with different backgrounds, the devices show fast and high visible camouflage capabilities. Moreover, the thermal IR appearance of microfluidic systems can be altered without changing temperature by incorporating a metalized surface which can be covered by an IR opaque liquid to alter the apparent temperature when reflecting IR sources.
Coconcentration/Colocation Effects of Quasi Fabry–Pérot Cavity Structure with Anti‐Interference Feature on Light and Analytes: Accurate Raman Detection of Hg2+ under Diverse Real Environments
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Yu , Li Wen‐Kao , Zhou Zhen‐Ru , Lei Feng‐Cai , Su Shuai , Zhao Xiao‐Fei , Li Zhen , Zhang Chao , Yu Jing
Published: August 2023

A quasi Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity structure of zinc oxide/sliver nanowires coated with zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8) is designed to precisely guide target analytes into the hotspot zones while hindering the entry of various potential interferents during Raman detection. Owing to the triple synergistic effect of the ZIF‐8 dielectric F–P cavity, ZIF‐8 microsponge, and backward light scattering caused by the ZnO/Ag NW tip, the structure of ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8 is verified to have unique coconcentration and colocation effects on light and analytes. The molecular sieving effect of the ZIF‐8 layer and the selectivity of the premodified reporter probe on ZnO/Ag NWs endow the ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8 with an important anti‐interference feature for diverse interferents in practical Raman detection of heavy‐metal ions. The analytical enhancement factor of ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8 is as high as 3.97 × 106, with a limit of detection for Hg2+ reaching 10−10 M; and the relative standard deviation is only 6.03%. The structure directly and successfully attains accurate Raman detection of diverse real samples containing Hg2+, without an additional pre‐extraction process. This research provides a novel way of improving Raman detection reliability under real scenarios and is a new attempt to precisely manipulate light and analytes by controlling the dielectric.
Cation Migration in Physically Paired 2D and 3D Lead Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Mathew Prrethi S. , Kamat Prashant V.
Published: August 2023

2D/3D interfaces provide long‐term stability for the operation of metal halide perovskite solar cells. However, the cation migration under heat and light can disturb the interface and create a graded cation interface. This study has now probed the cation migration by physically pairing X2PbI4 (X = butylammonium BA, oleylammonium OA, or phenethylammonium PEA) 2D film and (CH3NH3, MA)PbI3 3D film at different temperatures and recording changes in the absorption and emission spectra. The migration of the methyl ammonium cation toward the 2D film slowly transforms the n = 1 layered phase into n = 2 and 3 layered phases. The 3D film, on the other hand, exhibits relatively small changes, as the inclusion of spacer cation has little effect on its phase. The apparent activation energy determined from the temperature‐dependent cation migration kinetics (Ea = 29– 50 kJ mol−1) indicates alkyl ammonium cations such as butyl ammonium migrate more readily into the 3D layer than aromatic cations such as PEA. The ease of migration of spacer cations between physically paired films suggests that the varied composition at the interface should be considered while evaluating the effectiveness of the 2D/3D design strategy for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Intelligent Optical Fiber‐Integrated Near‐Infrared Polarimeter Based on Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Chao‐fan , Pan Tuqiang , Wei Yinghao , Zhu Sheng‐ke , Xu Yi , Li Ai‐Hua , Chen Huanyang , Chen Jin‐hui
Published: August 2023

The near‐infrared (NIR) light polarization metrology is crucial in a broad area of applications, such as optical sensing, imaging, and communications. The conventional measurement of NIR light polarization requires bulky polarization optics by the spatial or temporal splitting of the input light beam with expensive infrared detectors. Here, an intelligent fiber‐integrated NIR polarimeter based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is demonstrated. Er‐doped UCNPs are synthesized in core–shell structures for bright upconversion luminescence (UCL), and the tapered multimode fiber (MMF) is designed for random Rayleigh‐distributed speckles. It is demonstrated for the first time that spectra‐polarization‐dependent upconverted speckle patterns captured by a cost‐effective visible image sensor can be accurately decoded via a deep neural network (ResNet50). The experimental results show that ResNet50 has a recognition accuracy of over 99.5% for the full‐Stokes parameters of NIR light polarization, along with 100% accuracy for the light wavelength ranging from 1535 nm to 1565 nm. The developed intelligent optical sensors provide a new design paradigm for fiber‐integrated multi‐dimensional NIR light field detection and can be applied in fiber‐optic sensors and communications networks.
Achieving Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Emission in Cr3+‐Activated Cs2NaScCl6 Perovskite for Efficient Phosphor‐Converted Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Chen Yameng , Ke Jianxi , Wei Youchao , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun
Published: August 2023

Ultra‐broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) have great application prospects in research and industrial fields. However, simultaneously achieving highly efficient and ultra‐broad NIR emission in phosphor material remains a challenge. Herein, an ultra‐broadband NIR emission in the range of 800–1200 nm with ultra‐high emission efficiency of up to 64.2% is first achieved by substituting the Sc3+ site in Cs2NaScCl6 perovskite single‐crystal with a Cr3+ ion. By combining the experimental results with first‐principles calculations, an efficient charge transfer sensitization process from host to Cr3+ is found to be the fundamental reason for the ultra‐high NIR emission efficiency. Benefiting from the excellent efficiency and superior chemical resistance to heat and UV radiation, an ultra‐broadband NIR pc‐LED made of this phosphor demonstrates great potential in biomedical imaging, nondestructive testing, and night‐vision devices.
Ultra‐Broadband Moiré‐PB Doublet Lens for Multifunctional Microscopy
Authors: Ye Xianglin , Xue Kuangdi , Zhou Yingjie , Zeng Tibin , Wen Shuangchun , Fan Fan
Published: August 2023

Liquid crystal superstructures or metasurfaces based on Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase have made remarkable progress in all‐optical image processing due to the advantages of miniaturization, integration, and multi‐dimensional light field modulation. However, conventional static PB phase devices are usually not tunable and with a single function. Here, based on the tunability of the moiré effect, the wavelength‐independent effect of the PB phase, and the principle of retardation compensation, an ultra‐broadband multifunction moiré‐PB doublet lens is designed, which can realize optical edge imaging with a tunable resolution ranging from 13.2 to 57.2 µm and ultra‐broadband conventional and polarimetric imaging to meet the requirement of multiple functionalities and system integration. In addition, edge feature extraction or edge imaging of low‐contrast biological samples is also realized. Benefiting from the characteristics of miniaturization, switchable multiple imaging functions, and real‐time parallel processing, this method may expand the practicability of modern optical image processing, microscopic imaging, and biomedicine.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct ortho Alkylation of Carbazoles with Nitroalkenes
Authors: Zhang Liming , Zhao Ru , Liu Chunhui , Li Zhaoyang , Niu Jun‐Long , Yang Hao‐Ran , Gao Lijun , Liu Shuang‐Liang , Zhou Liming
Published: August 2023

The Rh(III)‐catalyzed ortho alkylation of N‐pyridylcarbazoles with nitroalkenes has been developed, furnishing a wide range of 2‐(2‐nitroalkyl)carbazoles. Both aromatic and aliphatic nitroalkenes participated in this alkylation reaction successfully. This protocol also proceeded well with an indoline based substrate. Derivatization of the representative nitroalkane product was described.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics Technology Facilitates Cancer Research
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhi Yuan , Zi Moxin , Mo Yongzhen , Wang Yumin , Liao Qianjin , Zhang Shanshan , Gong Zhaojian , Wang Fuyan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Guo Can , Xiong Wei
Published: August 2023

Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) provides a great convenience for studying tumor occurrence and development for its ability to study gene expression at the individual cell level. However, patient‐derived tumor tissues are composed of multiple types of cells including tumor cells and adjacent non‐malignant cells such as stromal cells and immune cells. The spatial locations of various cells in situ tissues plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of tumors, which cannot be elucidated by scRNA‐seq alone. Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technology emerges timely to explore the unrecognized relationship between the spatial background of a particular cell and its functions, and is increasingly used in cancer research. This review provides a systematic overview of the SRT technologies that are developed, in particular the more widely used cutting‐edge SRT technologies based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the main achievements by SRT technologies in precisely unveiling the underappreciated spatial locations on gene expression and cell function with unprecedented high‐resolution in cancer research are emphasized, with the aim of developing more effective clinical therapeutics oriented to a deeper understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and surrounding non‐malignant cells.
Risk of Parkinson's Disease in Celiac Disease: A Swedish Population‐Based Study
Authors: Kang Xiaoying , Ploner Alexander , Roelstraete Bjorn , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Wirdefeldt Karin
Published: August 2023

Using a population‐based matched cohort design, we assessed the association of celiac disease (CeD) with risk of PD by comparing patients with biopsy‐confirmed CeD in Sweden to a biopsy‐free population and their unaffected siblings, separately. No overall association was observed but CeD diagnosed before age 60 associated positively with incident diagnosis of PD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.62), which was mainly attributed to the significantly elevated risk detected after 10–15 years since biopsy (HR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.05–2.68). Our findings imply an increased vulnerability to long‐term PD development among patients with CeD diagnosed before 60s. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:911–916
Narrowband Pure Near‐Infrared (NIR) Ir(III) Complexes for Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) with External Quantum Efficiency Over 16 %
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Xu Shipan , Zhang Yan , Zhu Chengyun , Cui Linsong , Zhou Guijiang , Chen Zhao , Sun Yuanhui
Published: August 2023

Highly efficient near‐infrared (NIR) emitters have significant applications in medical and optoelectronic fields, but the development stays a great challenge due to the energy gap law. Here, we report two NIR phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes which display emission peaks around 730 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum of only 43 nm. Therefore, pure NIR luminescence can be obtained without having a very long emission wavelength, thus alleviating the restriction of the energy gap law, and obtaining impressively high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 0.70. More importantly, the pure NIR organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) fabricated by the solution‐processed mothed shows outstanding device performance with the highest external quantum efficiency of 16.43 %, which sets a new record for solution‐processed NIR‐OLEDs based on different emitters. This work sheds light on the development of Ir(III) complexes with narrowband emissions as highly efficient pure NIR‐emitters.
Flexible, Miniaturized Sensing Probes Inspired by Biofuel Cells for Monitoring Synaptically Released Glutamate in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Nithianandam Prasad , Liu Tzu‐Li , Chen Shulin , Jia Yizhen , Dong Yan , Saul Morgan , Tedeschi Andrea , Sun Wenjing , Li Jinghua
Published: August 2023

Chemical biomarkers in the central nervous system can provide valuable quantitative measures to gain insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutamate, one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, has been found to be upregulated in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraines. However, quantitatively monitoring glutamate release in situ has been challenging. This work presents a novel class of flexible, miniaturized probes inspired by biofuel cells for monitoring synaptically released glutamate in the nervous system. The resulting sensors, with dimensions as low as 50 by 50 μm, can detect real‐time changes in glutamate within the biologically relevant concentration range. Experiments exploiting the hippocampal circuit in mice models demonstrate the capability of the sensors in monitoring glutamate release via electrical stimulation using acute brain slices. These advances could aid in basic neuroscience studies and translational engineering, as the sensors provide a diagnostic tool for neurological disorders. Additionally, adapting the biofuel cell design to other neurotransmitters can potentially enable the detailed study of the effect of neurotransmitter dysregulation on neuronal cell signaling pathways and revolutionize neuroscience.
Regulating Relative Nitrogen Locations of Diazine Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Overall H2O2 Photosynthesis
Authors: Liao Qiaobo , Sun Qiannan , Xu Haocheng , Wang Yandong , Xu Yang , Li Ziyu , Hu Jinwu , Wang Ding , Li Huijun , Xi Kai
Published: August 2023

Nitrogen‐heterocycle‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered promising candidates for the overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the effects of the relative nitrogen locations remain obscured and photocatalytic performances of COFs need to be further improved. Herein, a collection of COFs functionalized by various diazines including pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine have been judiciously designed and synthesized for photogeneration of H2O2 without sacrificial agents. Compared with pyrimidine and pyrazine, pyridazine embedded in TpDz tends to stabilize endoperoxide intermediate species, leading toward the more efficient direct 2e‐ oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. Benefiting from the effective electron‐hole separation, low charge transfer resistance, and high‐efficiency ORR pathway, an excellent production rate of 7327 μmol g−1 h−1 and a solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) value of 0.62 % has been achieved by TpDz, which ranks one of the best COF‐based photocatalysts. This work might shed fresh light on the rational design of functional COFs targeting photocatalysts in H2O2 production.
Catalytic ipso‐Nitration of Organosilanes Enabled by Electrophilic N‐Nitrosaccharin Reagent
Authors: Mosiagin Ivan , Fernandes Anthony J. , Budinská Alena , Hayriyan Liana , Ylijoki Kai E. O. , Katayev Dmitry
Published: August 2023

Nitroaromatic compounds represent one of the essential classes of molecules that are widely used as feedstock for the synthesis of intermediates, the preparation of nitro‐derived pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials on both laboratory and industrial scales. We herein disclose the efficient, mild, and catalytic ipso‐nitration of organotrimethylsilanes, enabled by an electrophilic N‐nitrosaccharin reagent and allows chemoselective nitration under mild reaction conditions, while exhibiting remarkable substrate generality and functional group compatibility. Additionally, the reaction conditions proved to be orthogonal to other common functionalities, allowing programming of molecular complexity via successive transformations or late‐stage nitration. Detailed mechanistic investigation by experimental and computational approaches strongly supported a classical electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) mechanism, which was found to proceed through a highly ordered transition state.
Waterborne polyurethane dispersions based on polypropylene glycol/polycarbonate diol: Evaluation of their use as wood protective coatings
Authors: Alves Taciana R. , Pacheli Heitmann Ana , Ayres Eliane , Coura Ítalo Rocha , de Souza Patterson P. , de O. Patricio Patrícia S.
Published: August 2023

When exposed to the open air, the wood can change its physical and structural properties due to the combined effect of ultraviolet radiation, oxygen, humidity, atmospheric pollutants, and microorganisms. The demand for durable coatings with application to wooden structures or pieces is always a relevant topic. Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions as wood protective coatings might be attractive, especially outdoors. In this work, WPU dispersions have been synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate and different ratios of polypropylene glycol and polycarbonate (PC) diol. Synthesized polyurethanes were applied to wood surfaces as a coating. The results showed that the partial and total replacement of polypropylene glycol (PPG) by PC influences the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of the films obtained from aqueous polyurethane dispersions. In addition, a simple and promising methodology based on Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra was proposed to determine the polycarbonate content in poly(carbonate‐ether‐urethane). The synthesized coatings reduced water absorption by the wood, especially the one with a 25:75 polycarbonate to PPG ratio. The applied coating does not impact the final color of the wood, allowing a natural aging effect. Polyurethanes are promising for use as coatings for wood.
A novel seismic full waveform inversion approach for assessing the internal structure of a medieval sea dike
Authors: Schwardt Michaela , Wilken Dennis , Köhn Daniel , Rabbel Wolfgang
Published: August 2023

Coastal protection in the form of dike constructions has a long history at the German North Frisian coast dating back to the High Middle Ages. As the vast majority of the dikes built prior to the devastating storm surges of the Middle Ages have been irretrievably destroyed, mostly sparse remains and only a few well preserved of these medieval dikes are found along the German North Frisian coast and within the Wadden Sea. Not all details of their construction and dimensions are yet understood. In the present case study, we investigate the historical Schardeich on the island of Pellworm in the German North Sea in a noninvasive way using shear waves (SH‐waves). For the data interpretation, we applied a combination of seismic full waveform inversion and classical seismic reflection imaging to determine the interior structure of the dike and its underlying layers at the highest possible resolution. The results obtained on land are compared with dike remains found in the tidal flats. These remains show up in marine seismic sections as characteristic reflections, which probably represent a compaction layer caused by the load of the former dike. For ground truthing, we compare the seismic results with internal dike structures found in nearby excavations. The comparison highlights that FWI is a reliable tool for near‐surface archaeological prospecting. We find that SH‐wave FWI provides decimetre‐scale velocity and density models that allow, together with the seismic reflection section, to determine distinct construction phases of the dike. The investigated dike further shows a depression at base level of about 0.75 m, which is of the same order as observed for the dike base reflections in the tidal flats. Transferring these findings to the dike remains mapped in the tidal flats, we derive a height of the former dike from 2.2 to 4.4 m.
PIMas a caring: Using ethics of care to explore personal information management as a caring process
Authors: Cushing Amber L.
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the use of Fisher and Tronto's four phases of ethics of care (caring about, taking care of, caregiving, and care receiving) to three personal information management (PIM) frameworks, with a focus on PIM maintaining. The author argues that ethics of care can provide a theoretical foundation for PIM by using the four phases of caring to develop a perspective of PIM as a caring process using the categories of PIM as self‐care and PIM as caring for others. The paper begins by reviewing Fisher and Tronto's ethics of care, cites research in related fields that have applied ethics of care, and then describes how ethics of care could be applied to PIM research. To conclude, the author offers suggestions for how ethics of care can be applied to future PIM research in the following areas: better understand the motivations for PIM; the ways in which PIM can contribute to the social concepts of equality, justice, and trust and how social institutions can facilitate “good” PIM.
Ophthalmologic diagnoses in youths with autism spectrum disorder: Prevalence and clinical correlates
Authors: Wu Chi‐Shin , Tsai Tzu‐Hsun , Chen Wei‐Li , Tsai Hui‐Ju , Chien Yi‐Ling
Published: August 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a high prevalence of visual dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus, as well as their clinical correlates in ASD. This population‐based matched‐cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 3,551 youths with ASD and 35,510 non‐autistic control participants matched by age and sex were included. All the participants were followed‐up until they were 18 years old. The prevalence of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus was compared between the ASD and control groups. Effect modifiers, including sex, ASD subgroup, and co‐diagnosis of intelligence disability, were examined. Compared to the control group, youths with ASD had a significantly increased risk of amblyopia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.75), anisometropia (aOR = 1.66), astigmatism (aOR = 1.51), hypermetropia (aOR = 2.08), exotropia (aOR = 2.86), and esotropia (aOR = 2.63), but a comparable likelihood of myopia according to age. Males with ASD had a significantly lower likelihood of exotropia, but a higher likelihood of myopia than females with ASD. The autism subgroup had a higher OR for hypermetropia, but a lower OR for myopia than the other ASD subgroups. ASD youths with intelligence disabilities demonstrated significantly higher ORs for amblyopia, hypermetropia, and all types of strabismus and lower OR for myopia than those without intelligence disabilities. In conclusion, the rates of amblyopia, refractive errors, and strabismus were higher in youths with ASD. Ocular abnormalities in youths with ASD require a comprehensive assessment and management.
Fabrication and integration of a low‐cost 3D printing‐based glucose biosensor for bioprinted liver‐on‐a‐chip
Authors: Lee Jaehee , Maji Somnath , Lee Hyungseok
Published: August 2023

In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the development of more physiologically relevant organ‐on‐a‐chip (OOC) systems that can mimic tissue microenvironments. Despite the advantages of these microphysiological systems, such as portability, ability to mimic physiological flow conditions, and reduction of the number of reagents required for preparation and detection, they lack real‐time analyte detection with high accuracy. To address this limitation, biosensor technologies have been integrated with OOC systems to facilitate simultaneous analysis of different analytes with a single device. However, the integration of biosensors with OOC systems is challenging because of the competing demands of low‐cost, simple fabrication processes and speed. In this study, we fabricate a glucose‐sensing device and integrate it with a liver‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) platform. A carbon black‐polylactic acid‐based three‐electrode system was printed using fused deposit molding 3D printing technology to simplify the fabrication process. The sensitivity of the fabricated glucose biosensing device was enhanced by coating the electrodes with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. A biosensing integration study performed using a perfusion‐based LOC demonstrated the stability, biocompatibility, and sensitivity of the proposed glucose sensing device. Furthermore, drug‐toxicity studies conducted using the LOC platform demonstrated the ability of the device to detect a broad range of glucose concentrations and its enhanced sensitivity.
Does mandating ESG reporting reduce ESG decoupling? Evidence from the European Union's Directive 2014/95
Authors: Aboud Ahmed , Saleh Ahmed , Eliwa Yasser
Published: August 2023

This paper investigates the impact of Directive 2014/95 (hereafter, ‘the Directive’) issued by the European Union (EU) that mandates the disclosure of ESG information on ESG decoupling behaviour by EU‐listed firms and whether the strength of national enforcement systems of member states plays a moderating role in this relationship. Using a difference‐in‐differences design and employing a propensity score matched sample of 3020 firm‐year observations from the EU and the United States, we find that both the passage of the Directive in 2014 and the implementation of the Directive in 2017 have a mitigating effect on ESG decoupling. We also find that the strength of national enforcement systems has no impact on the relationship between the Directive and ESG decoupling. Furthermore, our additional analysis indicates that the effect of the Directive is less pronounced for firms that have their ESG information independently audited. Additionally, we find that the impact of the Directive is more pronounced for firms operating in non‐controversial industry sectors. While the Directive is under ongoing revision by the EU Parliament and Commission to be replaced by the new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), our study provides timely insights into the effectiveness of the Directive and its impact on ESG information.
First clinical case series of frosted branch angiitis: A diagnostic algorithm is suggested
Authors: Gurnani Bharat , Balamurugan Sivaraman , Kanakath Anuradha , Kaur Kirandeep , Gupta Abhay , Chaudhary Sameer
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

FBA is a clinical diagnosis of a diverse spectrum, which needs a high index of suspicion to identify the possible specific etiologies. The zones of retinal involvement can help in predicting the final visual outcome. The proposed diagnostic algorithm facilitates meticulous evaluation and targeted treatment to improve the final visual outcome.

Frosted branch angiitis is a clinical diagnosis of a diverse spectrum, which needs a high index of suspicion to identify the possible specific etiologies. We present a series of three cases of FBA with an attempt to formulate a diagnostic algorithm and refine the definition of FBA.
Endovascular coils mimicking accidental ingestion of a dental‐related foreign body in radiographic imaging
Authors: Nakayama Nami , Nakamura Satoshi , Yamada Miki , Iijima Yosuke , Hino Shunsuke , Horie Norio , Kaneko Takahiro
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

If a foreign body is seen on chest or abdominal radiographs, accidental aspiration or ingestion of a dental‐related foreign body may be suspected. This report describes a case in which vascular embolization coils seen on radiography were suspected to represent a swallowed dental prosthesis. A 72‐year‐old man with a history of endovascular embolization of portosystemic shunt was admitted for mandibular fracture. On hospital day 2, a foreign body was noted on chest radiographs taken to confirm pleural effusion. No foreign body had been evident on radiographs of the same area the previous day. The foreign body was suspected to be a dental prosthesis, but intraoral examination ruled out this possibility, and the foreign body turned out to be metal coils used to embolize the shunt. Dentists and oral surgeons should be aware that medical devices such as vascular embolization coils can produce images similar to a dental‐related foreign body on chest or abdominal radiographs, and dental‐related foreign body ingestion or aspiration should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Hepatic encephalopathy due to cardiac cirrhosis
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Goto Hiroki , Oyama Yuhei , Tateishi Kazuya , Takaoka Hiroyuki , Kato Naoya , Kobayashi Yoshio
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Right‐sided heart failure, including tricuspid regurgitation (TR), can cause cardiac cirrhosis. The pathophysiology is reduced arterial perfusion and passive congestion secondary to increased systemic venous pressure. However, hepatic encephalopathy due to cardiac cirrhosis is rare. This is the first case of hepatic encephalopathy with cardiac cirrhosis caused by persistent TR.
Delayed presentation of placenta accreta following a first‐trimester medical abortion
Authors: Maurer Jenna , Ramani Sangeeta , Xu Bo , Gallousis Stephen , Clark Mitchell , Andikyan Vaagn
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Placenta accreta can rarely present as a uterine mass on imaging months after a first trimester medical abortion, even in patients at low‐risk for abnormal placentation. Early and accurate diagnosis can be crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this disease, particularly for those desiring fertility preservation.
Efficient Palladium Catalysts: Application and Challenges of Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination Technology in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Li Junjing , Kong Kaizhou
Published: August 2023

This review summarizes the research progress of palladium (Pd) catalysts in electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination (ECH) for the removal of chlorinated organic pollutants (COPs). ECH technology is a new type of green water treatment technology without secondary pollution, which has excellent removal effect on COPs. Pd is widely used in the field of ECH due to its excellent catalytic properties. However, the easy deactivation and high price of Pd have limited the application of Pd catalysts in practical wastewater treatment. Researchers have improved the performance of Pd catalysts for ECH by improving the morphological structure (dispersion, particle size, crystalline surface) and electronic states (electron‐rich Pd, electron‐deficient Pd). It is also found that modulation of the adsorption abilities of Pd catalysts can greatly improve the catalytic activity. The factors affecting the stability of Pd catalysts are also investigated, and the future large‐scale mature application of ECH technology is envisioned. The ability to prepare single‐atom Pd catalysts in a relatively simple way is a future direction, which will achieve 100 % atom utilization and thus significantly reduce the cost of Pd. This review details the frontier research on Pd catalysts in the field of ECH, which can provide some good strategies for related researchers.
Early age properties and water resistance of calcium hydroxide modified volcanic ash‐based phosphate geopolymer binders
Authors: Djobo Jean Noël Yankwa , Hirsch Tamino , Stephan Dietmar
Published: August 2023

This work aims to improve the early age characteristics and water resistance of volcanic ash‐based phosphate geopolymer materials by modifying the chemistry of the binder with calcium hydroxide (CH). Phosphate geopolymer binders with Ca/P molar ratios ranging from 0.49 to 0.80 were prepared. Then the early and late age physical properties were then determined. The hardened binder was characterized by various analytical techniques involving XRD, TGA‐DSC, and SEM‐EDS. The results showed that the use of CH decreases the initial setting time from several hours to less than 5 min. At the same time, the 1 d compressive strength was increased from 0 to 15 MPa with the increase in the Ca/P molar ratio. Moreover, the slow dissolution rate of volcanic ash was responsible for the low strength at an early age but beneficial to improving the geopolymerisation with time. This favored the high strength of the control phosphate geopolymer, which reached 52.5 MPa at 56d and was higher than those with CH (28.5–45.2 MPa). However, the control phosphate geopolymer had poor water resistance, with strength retention ranging from 21%–57% compared to 76%–90% for phosphate geopolymer with CH. This is because of the leaching of the reactive phase underwater that inhibits further reaction progress. In addition, the modification of the binder chemistry with CH leads to the formation of new calcium phosphate phases that also contribute to enhancing water resistance.
Hydrogen‐induced Sulfur Vacancies on the MoS2 Basal Plane Studied by Ambient Pressure XPS and DFT Calculations
Authors: Ozaki Fumihiko , Tanaka Shunsuke , Choi YoungHyun , Osada Wataru , Mukai Kozo , Kawamura Mitsuaki , Fukuda Masahiro , Horio Masafumi , Koitaya Takanori , Yamamoto Susumu , Matsuda Iwao , Ozaki Taisuke , Yoshinobu Jun
Published: August 2023

Sulfur vacancy on an MoS2 basal plane plays a crucial role in device performance and catalytic activity; thus, an understanding of the electronic states of sulfur vacancies is still an important issue. We investigate the electronic states on an MoS2 basal plane by ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP‐XPS) and density functional theory calculations while heating the system in hydrogen. The AP‐XPS results show a decrease in the intensity ratio of S 2p to Mo 3d, indicating that sulfur vacancies are formed. Furthermore, low‐energy components are observed in Mo 3d and S 2p spectra. To understand the changes in the electronic states induced by sulfur vacancy formation at the atomic scale, we calculate the core‐level binding energies for the model vacancy surfaces. The calculated shifts for Mo 3d and S 2p with the formation of sulfur vacancy are consistent with the experimentally observed binding energy shifts. Mulliken charge analysis indicates that this is caused by an increase in the electronic density associated with the Mo and S atoms around the sulfur vacancy as compared to the pristine surface. The present investigation provides a guideline for sulfur vacancy engineering.
Organic Fluorine Compounds and Their Uses as Molecular MR‐Based Temperature Sensors
Authors: Bruns Christian , Ringleb Rainer , Prediger Isabell , Euchner Frederike , Bernarding Johannes , Plaumann Markus
Published: August 2023

The interest in fluorinated substances has increased significantly in recent decades due to their diverse properties and possible uses. An important analytical method in this context is NMR spectroscopy, which provides information on the structure as well as on intermolecular interactions or generally on changes in the environment of the nucleus under consideration. A physical quantity that is of great importance in most studies is temperature. However, this is not always easy, e. g. in shielded systems or within an organism. However, the application potential in chemical reactors or in medical diagnosis and therapy is very high and for this reason 13 fluorinated organic compound were chosen for a first 19F NMR signal temperature sensitivity examination for determination of local temperatures in solution. Polyfluorinated molecules with separate 19F MR signals are particularly suitable for temperature determination. Those can be serve as internal error‐correcting thermometers without the need of a reference substance. Under these conditions, a 19F MR signal shift of up to 0.03 ppm/K was detectable. Fluorine position and chemical environment were very important for the temperature sensitivity.
Direct Experimental Observations of Ion Distributions during Overcharging at the Muscovite‐Water Interface by Adsorption of Rb+ and Halides (Cl−, Br−, I−) at High Salinity
Authors: Neumann Julia , Lee Sang Soo , Zhao Eric J. , Fenter Paul
Published: August 2023

Classical electric double layer (EDL) models have been widely used to describe ion distributions at charged solid‐water interfaces in dilute electrolytes. However, the chemistry of EDLs remains poorly constrained at high ionic strength where ion‐ion correlations control non‐classical behavior such as overcharging, i. e., the accumulation of counter‐ions in amounts exceeding the substrate's surface charge. Here, we provide direct experimental observations of correlated cation and anion distributions adsorbed at the muscovite (001)‐aqueous electrolyte interface as a function of dissolved RbBr concentration ([RbBr]=0.01–5.8 M) using resonant anomalous X‐ray reflectivity. Our results show alternating cation‐anion layers in the EDL when [RbBr]≳100 mM, whose spatial extension (i. e., ~20 Å from the surface) far exceeds the dimension of the classical Stern layer. Comparison to RbCl and RbI electrolytes indicates that these behaviors are sensitive to the choice of co‐ion. This new in‐depth molecular‐scale understanding of the EDL structure during transition from classical to non‐classical regimes supports the development of realistic EDL models for technologies operating at high salinity such as water purification applications or modern electrochemical storage.
Differentiation strategies and firms' environmental, social and governance: The different moderating effects of historical and social performance shortfalls
Authors: Ren Ge , Zeng Ping , Zhong Xi
Published: August 2023

Whether and when differentiation strategies affect firms' environmental, social and governance (ESG) involvement remains unclear. Based on resource‐based view and behavioral theory of the firm, we propose that as the degree of differentiation strategies increases, firms' motivation to engage in ESG increases. Additionally, we propose that performance shortfalls moderate the relationship between differentiation strategies and a firm's ESG involvement. Specifically, we argue that historical performance shortfalls enhance this relationship, whereas social performance shortfalls weaken it. Using a large longitudinal dataset constructed from empirical data on Chinese listed companies from 2011 to 2020, we find strong support for these theoretical arguments. This study extends the differentiation strategies, and ESG literature by providing the first large sample of evidence that differentiation strategy is a key factor in facilitating firms' ESG involvement. The findings of this study also help firms to enhance their ESG practices by revisiting their existing strategies and relative performance.
Do ESG disclosures lead to superior firm performance? A method of moments panel quantile regression approach
Authors: Veeravel V. , Sadharma E. K. S. , Kamaiah Bandi
Published: August 2023

We verify the effect of ESG disclosures on firm performance using NSE 500 index listed companies spanning from 2010 to 2020. The study employs a method‐of‐moments quantile regression approach to test whether ESG disclosures lead to superior firm performance. We find evidence that environmental, social, and governance disclosures positively influence firm performance. Higher quantiles of ESG disclosures are associated with better market performance (Tobin's Q), and the same lead to lower profitability (ROA). The present study suggests that companies aspiring to improve their financial performance may pay more attention to ESG disclosure practices.
Are CSR and advertising complements or substitutes in spurring firm visibility? Moderating effect of board diversity, CSR committees, and financial slack
Authors: Karmani Majdi , Kuzey Cemil , Uyar Ali , Karaman Abdullah S.
Published: August 2023

This paper examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) and advertising as two firm visibility channels and tests their complementarity/substitution. The study extends the investigation with moderating variables, including board gender diversity, CSR committees, and financial slack. Using a sample that includes 53,835 firm‐year observations worldwide associated with 10 business sectors from 2007 to 2019, we find that CSR performance is negatively associated with advertising; this holds for the aggregate CSR score as well as for environmental and social pillars but not for the governance pillar. This implies that two visibility channels—namely CSR and advertising—are substitutes except for the governance dimension. Furthermore, female directors do not advocate for the two visibility channels but instead are proponents of one, in line with the agency cost approach. However, CSR committees fully promote two communication channels supported by the composite and three individual pillars of CSR. Finally, financial slack matters in utilizing two publicity channels concurrently. The findings show that several contingencies must be taken into account to improve companies' visibility while avoiding exacerbating agency costs for better business management.
High speed calculation method using convolution for calculating normal and disaster costs of buildings with energy generation and storage facilities
Authors: Kinoshita Sota , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Kimura Yuta , Sato Fuyuki , Otani Shinichiro
Published: August 2023

In recent years, resilience‐enhanced building buildings have been attracting increasing attention, in which photovoltaic (PV) power generation and storage batteries are installed in office buildings to continue operations even during a grid outage. PV power generation and storage batteries can be introduced to office buildings to continue commercial operations in the case of grid outages. When introducing PV power generation and storage batteries into a building, the total cost, which is the sum of the equipment installation cost and the damage cost in the event of a disaster, is crucial. When installing PV power generation and storage batteries in a building and calculating the total cost of using these facilities in the event of a disaster, it is necessary to consider the uncertainty of power demand and the amount of power generated by PV power generation. Monte Carlo Simulation is a method to consider uncertainty. However, it has a problem that the combination of conditions becomes enormous, and the calculation load is high when the total cost is calculated. Therefore, in this study, we propose convolution as a method to reduce the computational load generated when calculating the probability distribution of the total cost generated by strengthening the resilience of the building.