bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 in the normal nasal mucosa and in chronic sinusitis
Authors: Zhang Zhili , Peng Haoran , Lai Ju , Jiang Liangliang , Wang Liefu , Jin Shengkai , Fan Kai , Zhang Zimu , Zhao Chuanliang , Deng Dan , Zhao Ping , Gao Zhengliang , Yu Shaoqing
Published: May 2022

Human nasal mucosa is susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and serves as a reservoir for viral replication before spreading to other organs (e.g. the lung and brain) and transmission to other individuals. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common respiratory tract disease and there is evidence suggesting that susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection differs between the two known subtypes, eosinophilic CRS and non‐ECRS (NECRS). However, the mechanism of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the human nasal mucosa and its association with CRS has not been experimentally validated. In this study, we investigated whether the human nasal mucosa is susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and how different endotypes of CRS impact on viral infection and progression. Primary human nasal mucosa tissue culture revealed highly efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection and production, with particularly high susceptibility in the NECRS group. The gene expression differences suggested that human nasal mucosa is highly susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, presumably due to an increase in ACE2‐expressing cells and a deficiency in antiviral immune response, especially for NECRS. Importantly, patients with NECRS may be at a particularly high risk of viral infection and transmission, and therefore, close monitoring should be considered.
Advanced Synthesis Using Photocatalysis Involved Dual Catalytic System
Authors: Guo Fenfen , Wang Hong , Ye Xinyi , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: May 2022

Combining visible‐light photoredox catalysis with other kinds of catalysis is a powerful strategy to address the barriers met in reactions driven by single catalyst. Under environmentally benign condition, photoredox catalysis produces radical species via visible light irradiation. These species then work with other catalysts, often resulting in unconventional reactivities, by which the scope of reaction could be expanded. Interest focusing on photocatalysis in the synthetic chemistry community has grown tremendously over the past five years, and one of the most striking emerging features is the development of dual catalytic approaches. This minireview summarizes the progress on this theme, mainly including dual catalytic systems merging photoredox activation with acid/base catalysts.
Dynamics of alternating current electric field–assisted non‐Newtonian droplet formation with geometry confinement
Authors: Yin Shuai , Huang Yi , Li Haiwang , Wong Teck Neng
Published: May 2022

Recently, microfluidic techniques have been widely applied for biomaterial droplet manipulations due to their precision and efficiency. Many biosamples such as deoxyribonucleic acid and blood samples are non‐Newtonian fluids with complex rheology, which brings challenges in control over them. The electric field is characterized by fast response and excellent adaptation to control microscale fluid flow. Here, we systematically investigate the alternating current electric field–assisted formation of non‐Newtonian droplet in a flow‐focusing microchannel with different sizes of channel orifice. The dependencies of flow conditions, microchannel geometries and electric parameters on the dynamics of non‐Newtonian droplet formation are thus elucidated. An effective capacitance electric model is developed to reveal and predict the interaction between the fluid flow and the electric field. Furthermore, the flow field of non‐Newtonian droplet formation is captured via the high‐speed microparticle image velocimetry system. The characteristics of the regimes of droplet formation and the influences of the channel orifice are revealed quantitatively. Our work offers elaborate references to the control of non‐Newtonian droplet formation, which benefits a wide range of applications in biology and chemistry.
Paraglacial exposure and collapse of glacial sediment: The 2013 landslide onto Svínafellsjökull, southeast Iceland
Authors: Ben‐Yehoshua Daniel , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn , Helgason Jón Kristinn , Belart Joaquin M. C. , Sigurðsson Jón Viðar , Erlingsson Sigurður
Published: May 2022

In the last 130 years, Icelandic glaciers have experienced significant mass loss, and numerous paraglacial slope failures have been documented in the country. One such failure occurred in late February 2013, when a large landslide fell onto the Svínafellsjökull outlet glacier in southeast Iceland. Digital elevation models and aerial imagery were used to quantify the glacial and paraglacial changes leading up to the event, reconstructing the processes that occurred during the landslide and the effects of the debris on the glacier surface. Between 1994 and 2013, glacier thinning and glacier‐retreat exposed a steep lateral moraine perched on bedrock which later failed and caused the landslide. Increased pore‐water pressure after an intense rainstorm and potential fluvial erosion at the toe of the source area are considered to be the primary trigger mechanisms. Morphological evidence indicates multiple phases of movement in the source area and a highly water‐rich debris avalanche on Svínafellsjökull. The debris reached a runout distance of almost 4 km and affected an area of about 1.7 km2. The estimated displaced volume of the slide is 5.33 ± 0.08 × 106 m3, making it the largest documented landslide originating from unconsolidated material in Iceland. The glacier surface ablation beneath the debris deposits was reduced due to insulation, whereas increased glacier thinning was observed surrounding the deposits, resulting in an up to 35 m height difference between the debris‐free and the debris‐covered ice by 2020. This study shows that large catastrophic landslides can originate from, and result in the formation of ice‐cored or frozen sediment complexes and highlights the potential risk coming from similar slopes around the world as glaciers continue to recede and the number of paraglacial landslides increases.
Investigation of supercapacitor cyclic degradation through impedance spectroscopy and Randles circuit model
Authors: Poonam  , Vyas Mayank , Jangid Dinesh Kumar , Rohan Rupesh , Pareek Kapil
Published: May 2022

High power density and long cyclic stability are important characteristics that make supercapacitor suitable for many industrial applications. Measurement of equivalent series resistance and capacitance, is a general way to investigate performance of the Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC). In this work, a Panasonic EDLC (10F) was investigated under cyclic degradation and monitored using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterisation and Randles circuit model. After fitting, it was observed that series resistance was increased up to 80% and parallel capacitance was decreased up to 22%. The EIS data were validated using Kramers‐Kronig Transformation to check causality, linearity, and stability in the system.
Influence of in‐amphorae vinification on the molecular profile of Sangiovese and Cabernet Franc
Authors: Martellini Tania , Sposato Laura , Pucci Susanna , Meoni Gaia , Marinelli Cristian , Tenori Leonardo , Luchinat Claudio , Giorgi Rodorico , Sarti Chiara , Cincinelli Alessandra
Published: May 2022

In the last decade, some wine producers have re‐evaluated the role of micro‐oxygenation guaranteed by the porosity of the earthenware in the fermentation and refinement phases and, thus, the potential and limitations of this technique on the flavour and aromatic profile of wine need further investigations. The wine volatile profile was analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, and the volatile compound percentages in Sangiovese and Cabernet Franc vinified in Stainless Steel Containers and in amphorae over time were compared. Results showed that the in‐amphorae vinification enhances the aromatic components of the Cabernet Franc wine, while there is no substantial difference for Sangiovese wine. A metabolomic approach was also attempted for the first time, and the NMR analysis highlighted a difference between the spectra of the samples vinified in‐amphorae with respect to those vinified in steel suggesting a potential new approach to obtain a significant traceability.
Co‐administration of Inulin and Iron Fortificants improves Iron Deficiency Biomarkers in Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Rizwan Ahmad Abdul Momin , Farooq Umar , Anees Mariam , Anis Riffat Aysha , Rashid Summer , Ahmed Waqas
Published: May 2022

Micronutrient deficiencies affect approximately 2 billion people worldwide and iron deficiency anemia is one of them. The instant research was an attempt to determine the efficacy of co‐administration of two iron fortificants (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) and inulin (a prebiotic) on serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and total iron‐binding capacity in iron‐deficient female Sprague Dawley rats. For this research, rats were divided into ten groups, (two control and eight treatment groups). Treatment groups were made iron deficient by feeding them with triapine, an iron binder for two weeks. All treatment groups were fed with inulin at two different dosage levels along with iron fortificants. The study results showed that serum ferritin and serum iron levels significantly improved from initiation to termination of study. Also, mean values of total iron‐binding capacity and serum transferrin showed a steady decline over a period of three months indicating that iron stores were being improved. It was concluded that co‐administration of inulin and iron fortificants helped improve iron deficiency biomarkers in female Sprague Dawley rats.
A novel mouse model of diffuse midline glioma initiated in neonatal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells highlights cell‐of‐origin dependent effects of H3K27M
Authors: Tomita Yusuke , Shimazu Yosuke , Somasundaram Agila , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Takata Nozomu , Ishi Yukitomo , Gadd Samantha , Hashizume Rintaro , Angione Angelo , Pinero Gonzalo , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Brat Daniel J. , Hoeman Christine M. , Becher Oren J.
Published: May 2022

Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a type of lethal brain tumor that develops mainly in children. The majority of DMG harbor the K27M mutation in histone H3. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the brainstem are candidate cells‐of‐origin for DMG, yet there is no genetically engineered mouse model of DMG initiated in OPCs. Here, we used the RCAS/Tv‐a avian retroviral system to generate DMG in Olig2‐expressing progenitors and Nestin‐expressing progenitors in the neonatal mouse brainstem. PDGF‐A or PDGF‐B overexpression, along with p53 deletion, resulted in gliomas in both models. Exogenous overexpression of H3.3K27M had a significant effect on tumor latency and tumor cell proliferation when compared with H3.3WT in Nestin+ cells but not in Olig2+ cells. Further, the fraction of H3.3K27M‐positive cells was significantly lower in DMGs initiated in Olig2+ cells relative to Nestin+ cells, both in PDGF‐A and PDGF‐B‐driven models, suggesting that the requirement for H3.3K27M is reduced when tumorigenesis is initiated in Olig2+ cells. RNA‐sequencing analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes in H3.3K27M tumors were non‐overlapping between Olig2;PDGF‐B, Olig2;PDGF‐A, and Nestin;PDGF‐A models. GSEA analysis of PDGFA tumors confirmed that the transcriptomal effects of H3.3K27M are cell‐of‐origin dependent with H3.3K27M promoting epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis when Olig2 marks the cell‐of‐origin and inhibiting EMT and angiogenesis when Nestin marks the cell‐of‐origin. We did observe some overlap with H3.3K27M promoting negative enrichment of TNFA_Signaling_Via_NFKB in both models. Our study suggests that the tumorigenic effects of H3.3K27M are cell‐of‐origin dependent, with H3.3K27M being more oncogenic in Nestin+ cells than Olig2+ cells.
Bidirectional influences between seizures and dementia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Ning , Chen Haitao , Zhang Wenjun , Yao Jundi , Tu Qianqian , Yu Xiaowen , Sun Xiaomao
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Dementia and seizures often co‐exist, but the association between these two disorders is not well established. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to clarify the relationship between seizures and dementia.

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE, CBM, and CNKI databases were used to search for relevant publications from inception to August 25, 2021. Data extraction was performed by two authors independently. The random‐effects model was adopted to evaluate the pooled estimates.

Results

Two nested case‐control studies and 18 cohort studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Seizures were associated with the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the pooled relative risk (RR) was 2.51 [95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.87–3.36, p < 0.001] and 1.61 (95% CI = 1.42–1.82, p < 0.001), respectively. Pooled RR estimating the effect of dementia on seizures risk was 3.68 (95% CI = 3.05–4.44, p < 0.001). In addition, the pooled effect size of dementia on epilepsy risk was 3.02 (95% CI = 2.16–4.23, p < 0.001). The subgroup analyses suggested that vascular risk factors could confound the associations between these two disorders. Seizures might independently and significantly increase the risk of dementia, and in turn, dementia might predispose an individual to a higher risk of seizures.

Conclusions

These results suggested that dementia and seizures share common pathogenesis and might be treated with similar preventive treatment measures. Vascular changes in patients with dementia or seizures should also be examined.
Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity after sleep deprivation from temporal variability perspective
Authors: Sun Jinbo , Zhao Rui , He Zhaoyang , Chang Mengying , Wang Fumin , Wei Wei , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhu Yuanqiang , Xi Yibin , Yang Xuejuan , Qin Wei
Published: May 2022

Sleep deprivation (SD) is very common in modern society and regarded as a potential causal mechanism of several clinical disorders. Previous neuroimaging studies have explored the neural mechanisms of SD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from static (comparing two MRI sessions [one after SD and one after resting wakefulness]) and dynamic (using repeated MRI during one night of SD) perspectives. Recent SD researches have focused on the dynamic functional brain organization during the resting‐state scan. Our present study adopted a novel metric (temporal variability), which has been successfully applied to many clinical diseases, to examine the dynamic functional connectivity after SD in 55 normal young subjects. We found that sleep‐deprived subjects showed increased regional‐level temporal variability in large‐scale brain regions, and decreased regional‐level temporal variability in several thalamus subregions. After SD, participants exhibited enhanced intra‐network temporal variability in the default mode network (DMN) and increased inter‐network temporal variability in numerous subnetwork pairs. Furthermore, we found that the inter‐network temporal variability between visual network and DMN was negative related with the slowest 10% respond speed (β = −.42, p = 5.57 × 10−4) of the psychomotor vigilance test after SD following the stepwise regression analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that sleep‐deprived subjects showed abnormal dynamic brain functional configuration, which provides new insights into the neural underpinnings of SD and contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical disorders.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver diseases
Authors: Ajoolabady Amir , Kaplowitz Neil , Lebeaupin Cynthia , Kroemer Guido , Kaufman Randal J. , Malhi Harmeet , Ren Jun
Published: May 2022

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that fosters the correct folding of linear polypeptides and proteins, a process tightly governed by the ER‐resident enzymes and chaperones. Failure to shape the proper 3‐dimensional architecture of proteins culminates in the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the ER, disturbs ER homeostasis, and leads to canonically defined ER stress. Recent studies have elucidated that cellular perturbations, such as lipotoxicity, can also lead to ER stress. In response to ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to reestablish ER homeostasis (“adaptive UPR”), or, conversely, to provoke cell death when ER stress is overwhelmed and sustained (“maladaptive UPR”). It is well documented that ER stress contributes to the onset and progression of multiple hepatic pathologies including NAFLD, alcohol‐associated liver disease, viral hepatitis, liver ischemia, drug toxicity, and liver cancers. Here, we review key studies dealing with the emerging role of ER stress and the UPR in the pathophysiology of liver diseases from cellular, murine, and human models. Specifically, we will summarize current available knowledge on pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions that may be used to target maladaptive UPR for the treatment of nonmalignant liver diseases.
Inferring watershed‐scale mean snowfall magnitude and distribution using multidecadal snow reanalysis patterns and snow pillow observations
Authors: Pflug Justin M. , Margulis Steven A. , Lundquist Jessica D.
Published: May 2022

The magnitude and spatial heterogeneity of snow are difficult to model in mountainous terrain. We investigated how historic snow patterns from a 32‐year (1985–2016) snow reanalysis, which uses the timing and rate of remotely‐sensed snow disappearance to reconstruct snow water equivalent in past years, could be used to improve current year simulations of snowfall in the Upper Tuolumne, Upper Kings, and Sagehen Creek watersheds in California's Sierra Nevada. Building on past research linking observations of fractional snow‐covered area (fSCA) to spatial patterns of snow water equivalent, fSCA maps were used to identify pairs of dates from historic years in the reanalysis with similar snow accumulation and depletion patterns. Historic snow accumulation patterns were then used to extrapolate snow accumulation observed by snow pillows to 90 m snowfall fields. These 90 m snowfall fields were used as input for snow simulations, the accuracy of which were evaluated versus airborne lidar snow depth observations. Except for water‐year 2015, which had record low snow in the Sierra Nevada and unique snow patterns, normalized snow accumulation and depletion patterns identified from historic dates with spatially correlated fSCA agreed with each other well, with mean absolute differences of approximately 10%. Domain mean winter snowfall inferred from the relationship between historic snow accumulation patterns and current year snow pillow observations had a ±13% interquartile range of biases, relative to the snow reanalysis. Finally, snow depth simulations using snow pillow observed snowfall extrapolated with historic snow accumulation patterns had 70% better coefficients of correlations, and 27% better mean absolute errors, as compared to simulations using more common snowfall forcing. This work demonstrates the benefits of repeatable snowfall patterns and satellite‐era snow reanalyses in mountainous regions with uncertain snowfall magnitude and spatial heterogeneity.
Assessment of diminishing discharge of springs in Central Himalayan region, India
Authors: Vijhani Ayushi , Sinha Vinay Shankar Prasad , Vishwakarma Chandrashekhar Azad , Singh Prashant , Sharma Sudhir Kumar
Published: May 2022

Uttarakhand is witnessing a drastic decrease in spring discharge which leads to scarcity of drinking water for Himalayan inhabitants. This study uses a novel approach to assess the surface‐subsurface interaction of water, pivotal for estimating the status of spring discharge. Hydrological modelling has been used to quantify the diminishing discharge of spring and their associated factors, including changes in land practises and precipitation patterns. The coupling of the soil water assessment tool (SWAT) and MIKE hydro NAM model was proposed in the study to assess the decreasing discharge for an ungauged watershed. The model performance evaluated between the SWAT and the MIKE hydro NAM model indicated a very good index of agreement (d = 0.81). Field‐based spring discharge investigations were conducted in almost all watersheds in the study area. The MIKE hydro NAM model showed a good index of agreement (d = 0.79) with the observed spring discharge. Further, the geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique was applied over 17 driving factors based on hydrological parameters including topography, structural geology, land use/land cover and future annual precipitation (till 2030) under the RCP 4.5 scenario to understand the status of diminishing discharge of springs. The accuracy between the observed spring discharge and the GWR indicated a good index of agreement (d = 0.86). The results indicate that annual spring discharges will be significantly reduced up to 50% from 1975 to near future (2030), posing a threat to the drinking water supply. The proposed approach is replicable and scalable for ungauged river systems of the Himalayas. The study demonstrates the methods such as trend analysis of precipitation behaviour, land use change dynamics using remote sensing techniques, structural geological investigation through field measurements and hydrodynamic modelling are important for understanding surface‐subsurface interaction. The findings of the study help to identify the critical recharge zones for implementing the spring revival and rejuvenation programmes.
Lake basins drive variation in catchment‐scale runoff response over a decade of increasing rainfall in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Arp Christopher D. , Whitman Matthew S.
Published: May 2022

Lakes basins cover wide extents of many Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) landscapes and thus are integral components of hydrological processes. Observed variation in runoff responses between two adjacent catchments being monitored pre‐ and post‐development in the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR‐A) suggested the need to better understand how lake basins, both current lakes and drained lake basins (DLBs), modify flow regimes. A progressive increase in summer rainfall over this monitoring period, 2009–2019, also provided an opportunity to assess how watershed characteristics interacted with hydrologic intensification. Stream gauging records from eight other nearby catchments ranging from 16 to 270 km2 with varying extents of lakes (14%–47%) and DLBs (5%–57%) expanded our analysis of ACP hydrology. Wider DLB extent corresponded to higher and more rapid snowmelt peak flows and this relationship also became evident during rainstorms in summers with high antecedent surface storage. Mean annual runoff and summer low‐flows were best explained by extent of connected lakes. Over this period of increasing summer rainfall, all hydrograph responses became more closely related to the full extent of lake basins suggesting expanding connectivity. Our final year of complete hydrologic records in 2019 was punctuated by a 30‐mm late‐summer rainfall event, which generated flow peaks nearly exceeding snowmelt runoff at several gauges, specifically ones with high extent of DLBs. This rain‐event response underscored the increasing need to include both lakes and DLBs in models of ACP watershed hydrology. An improved understanding of catchment‐scale controls on variable hydrologic responses will be increasingly essential for mitigating hazards to new and existing development, predicting floods, drought, and water supply, and protecting aquatic ecosystem functioning and habitat as the Arctic hydrologic cycle intensifies and development expands.
Effects of monetary policy on the skill premium and the growth rate in a directed technical change model with heterogeneous cash‐in‐advance constraints
Authors: Afonso Oscar , Lima Pedro G.
Published: May 2022

This article analyses the balanced‐growth‐path effects of monetary policy (inflation) on the skill premium and the growth rate in the context of a directed technical change model with cash‐in‐advance (CIA) constraints specific to the unskilled and skilled sectors. Calibrating the model using data from 36 countries, the presence of more stringent CIA constraints in the unskilled sector, as supported by the literature, causes inflation to have a positive effect on the skill premium. Moreover, it also increases the negative impact of inflation on the growth rate in relation to the baseline scenario of homogeneous CIA constraints. A lower labour share and higher inflation in general magnify these effects on both variables while a relative lower importance of the unskilled sector does the opposite with respect to the skill premium. Therefore this article innovates in three important ways: (i) we add an additional channel through which inflation affects inequality; (ii) we highlight the importance of avoiding ignoring differences of liquidity constraints across the economy in the context of endogenous growth models to not underestimate the negative long‐run impacts of inflation; (iii) the results suggest that developing countries that have difficulty in achieving price stability in the long‐run can mitigate the negative effects of inflation by reducing constraints faced by the unskilled sector and promoting the development of the skilled sector.
Analysis of turfgrass research papers 2008–2019: Implications and future opportunities for the International Turfgrass Society
Authors: Loch Donald S.
Published: May 2022

The content of 1,626 turfgrass papers published in the quadrennial International Turfgrass Society Research Journal (ITSRJ), 17 multi‐issue annual journals, and ad hoc volumes of Acta Horticulturae over 12 yr (2008 to 2019) was divided into three categories: cool‐season turfgrasses, warm‐season turfgrasses, and other topics (both cool‐ and warm‐season turfgrasses and/or more general topics) and compared together with the most recent Journal Impact Factors. Overall, there were approximately 50% cool‐season, 40% warm‐season, and just under 10% more general papers. The ITSRJ (along with HortScience) most closely aligned with this overall pattern compared with the other 17 journals which published higher or lower proportions in these topic categories. While no one journal dominated the international turfgrass literature over the period surveyed, ITSRJ (one of only two non‐Impact Factor journals surveyed) was the only one that contributed >25% of the published papers. Implications and future opportunities for the International Turfgrass Society are explored in relation to better meeting the needs of academic research members for an Impact Factor journal while at the same time broadening the membership base through practitioners and other users attracted by the Society's major asset of turfgrass information.
Construction of lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network based on ceRNA mechanism reveals the function of lncRNA in the pathogenesis of gout
Authors: Chen Feng , Zhang Xiaoyun , Chen Yueping , Chai Yuan , Jiang Xiao , Li Huanan
Published: May 2022

Objective

To identify differentially expressed lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA during the pathogenesis of gout, explore the ceRNA network regulatory mechanism of gout, and seek potential therapeutic targets.

Method

First, gout‐related chips were retrieved by GEO database. Then, the analysis of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs was conducted by R language and other software. Besides, miRNA and its regulated mRNA were predicted based on public databases, the intersection of differentially expressed mRNA and predicated mRNA was taken, and the lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory relationships were obtained to construct the ceRNA regulatory network. Subsequently, hub genes were screened by the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Then the DAVID database was used to illustrate the gene functions and related pathways of hub genes and to mine key ceRNA networks.

Results

Three hundred and eighty‐eight lncRNAs and 758 mRNAs were identified with significant differential expression in gout patient, which regulates hub genes in the ceRNA network, such as JUN, FOS, PTGS2, NR4A2, and TNFAIP3. In the ceRNA network, lncRNA competes with mRNA for miRNA, thus affecting the IL‐17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Oxytocin signaling pathway, and NF‐κB signaling pathway through regulating the cell's response to chemical stress. The research indicates that five miRNAs (miR‐429, miR‐137, miR‐139‐5p, miR‐217, miR‐23b‐3p) and five lncRNAs (SNHG1, FAM182A, SPAG5‐AS1, HNF1A‐AS1, UCA1) play an important role in the formation and development of gout.

Conclusion

The interaction in the ceRNA network can affect the formation and development of gout by regulating the body's inflammatory response as well as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chondrocytes and osteoclasts. The identification of potential therapeutic targets and signaling pathways through ceRNA network can provide a reference for further research on the pathogenesis of gout.
Influence of pollutant concentration on the separation efficiency of chelating membranes for removing simultaneously metal ions and proteins from simulated industrial wastewater
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Wang Hongliang , Liu Yuanfa , Guo Jing , Yu Yue
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

A novel chelating membrane was fabricated for removing simultaneously metal ions (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) and proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) from simulated industrial effluent. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of pollutant concentration on the separation efficiency of the chelating membrane for pollutants.

RESULTS

(i) The removal of metal ions mainly relies on the adsorption capacity of the chelating membrane, and seems to be independent of the concentration of protein. (ii) The retention of proteins depends mainly on their concentration in solution. (iii) When the wastewater contains high concentration of metal ions (C = 100 mg L−1) and low concentration of proteins (C = 10 mg L−1), the chelating membrane exhibits overall poor separation performance, with a low ion removal efficiency (55–70%) and a low protein rejection rate (ca 60%). (iv) When the wastewater contains low concentration of metal ions (C = 10 mg L−1) and high concentration of proteins (C = 100 mg L−1), the chelating membrane exhibits overall excellent separation performance, with ion removal rates of higher than 90% (except for Cd2+) and protein rejection rates of higher than 90%.

CONCLUSIONS

The separation efficiency of the chelating membrane for metallic and organic pollutants greatly depends on the pollutant concentration in the wastewater. This study provides a theoretical basis for membrane technology for removing simultaneously heavy metals and organic pollutants in wastewater. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Selective oxidation of biomass‐based 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐diformylfuran catalyzed by multicomponent molybdenum‐based catalyst
Authors: Li Yutong , Chen Bajin , Wang Shengpeng , Li Meichao , Li Chunmei , Shen Zhenlu
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

On the way to convert biomass‐derived products as a renewable and environment‐friendly source to high‐value added chemicals, one great challenge is the effective control of selectivity in the reaction. Here, we contribute a heterogeneous catalysis method for selective transformation of biomass‐based 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) via multicomponent bismuth molybdate catalyst. The influence of the different pH value on the catalytic activity of the catalyst were investigated. In addition, to evaluate the catalytic performance of the catalyst in the selective oxidation of HMF, a variety of important reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, catalyst amount, atmosphere, and solvent were examined.

RESULTS

The catalyst prepared with pH value in the range of 1–2 exhibits the optimal catalytic activity in the selective aerobic oxidation of the hydroxy group of HMF. As a result, the target compound of DFF could be obtained with excellent yield (99%) and high selectivity (> 99%) in the presence of 0.25 mg Co9Fe3BiMo12O51 (pH = 1–2) in DMSO at 130 °C under O2 atmosphere. In addition, the catalyst Co9Fe3BiMo12O51 could be reused several times without a significant loss of its catalytic activity.

CONCLUSION

In this work, a heterogeneous catalytic approach to oxidizing HMF to DFF using Co9Fe3BiMo12O51 as catalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant was established. The O2 temperature‐programmed desorption (O2‐TPD) characterization indicated that the pH value of co‐precipitation obviously affected the oxygen mobility and storage capacities in the catalysts, which is related to the catalytic performance in the selective aerobic oxidation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Adsorption and conversion of ethyl mercaptan on the surface of Ag‐Mn/NS‐HNbMoO6
Authors: Hu Lifang , Zhu Jichao , He Jie
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

The composite photocatalyst Ag‐Mn/NS‐HNbMoO6 was prepared by exfoliation‐recombination method, and applied for adsorption and conversion of ethyl mercaptan.

RESULTS

The results showed that the interfacial charges could be transferred during the composite process because of the difference of the Sanderson electronegativity of Ag, Mn and H. The adsorbing capacity of the Ag‐Mn/NS‐HNbMoO6 is 222.7 μmol·g−1 which is more than 4 times as much as the adsorbing capacity of HNbMoO6 nanosheet duo to the hydrogen bond interaction and Ag–S interaction. Ethyl mercaptan could be photocatalytic converted in the deepest to sulfates on the Ag‐Mn/NS‐HNbMoO6 because of the strongest photocatalytic performance.

CONCLUSIONS

Ag‐Mn/NS‐HNbMoO6 composite is a high‐performance photocatalytic conversion desulfurization catalyst with a strong adsorptive‐oxidative‐photocatalytic performance. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Performance of coated activated carbon filters used in the building environment
Authors: Tseng Chao‐Heng , Wu Haoyang , Shiue Angus , Hsu Chun‐Kuo , Huang Ying‐Pin , Leggett Graham
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

This study focuses on the removal of gaseous pollutants by nanogold–silver (Au–Ag)‐, nanosilver‐ and chitosan‐coated activated carbon filters. Target gaseous pollutants included formaldehyde (HCHO), acetone (CH3COCH3), carbon monoxide (CO) and bioaerosol.

RESULTS

Laboratory experimental results show that chitosan‐coated filters are 16.33% more efficient than uncoated carbon filters when challenged with HCHO, but the same gain is not observed when challenged with CH3COCH3 and CO. When challenged with HCHO and CO, the removal efficiency of Au–Ag‐coated carbon was found to be 20% and 7.11% higher than that of uncoated carbon, respectively. A parking lot field study to determine the efficiency of Au–Ag‐coated carbon when challenged with CO and bacteria concluded that the removal efficiency of Au–Ag‐coated carbon was 7.48% and 19.57% higher, respectively, than that of uncoated carbon. The removal efficiencies for bacteria and fungi were increased 35% and 17.1% when the carbon filter was coated with chitosan, respectively. At a kindergarten, the removal efficiency for HCHO was assessed, which was increased 9.02% and 42% when the carbon filter was coated with Au–Ag and chitosan, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Laboratory experimental data were evaluated using pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equations. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetics were found to be applicable to discuss the adsorption kinetics. The overall rate of the Au–Ag‐, nanosilver‐ and chitosan‐coated activated carbon filter adsorption process appears to be influenced by more than one step of the intraparticle diffusion model. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Enhanced nitrogen removal of aquaculture wastewater in the combined biological aerated filter: the effect of GAC location setting
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Yunlong , Fu Shiyuan , Qiao Weilong , Zhao Heping , Zhu Liang
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Biological aerated filter (BAF) is an efficient and economical treatment process to cope with the rapid increasing drainage of aquaculture wastewater. Here, GAC and ceramic, which have the combination advantage, was used as filters of BAF system to treat the aquaculture wastewater. The effect of filters in different sequences was also compared. The BAF with GAC at the bottom is named as GAC‐down BAF, and the BAF at the top is named as GAC‐upper BAF.

RESULTS

Results showed that the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) in GAC‐down BAF was 54.2 ± 1.2% higher than that in GAC‐upper BAF, when the HRT was 3 h and the gas‐water ratio was 5:1. Additionally, it had better phosphorus and COD removal performance in the GAC‐down BAF than those in the GAC‐upper BAF. Microbial community analysis of biofilm attached to different filter layers indicated that the abundances of functional microorganisms like Zoogloea spp., Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Nitrospira spp. on GAC of the GAC‐down BAF were higher than those attached to ceramsite at the same site of GAC‐up BAF.

CONCLUSION

It was demonstrated that GAC could provide a suitable niche for the growth of functional microbes at the up‐flow BAF system, and plays a key role in pollutant removals from aquaculture wastewater. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Antioxidant potential and antiangiogenic activity of Tetraselmis suecica grown in a semicontinuous culture
Authors: Rentería‐Mexía Ana , Ulloa‐Mercado Gabriela , Gortáres‐Moroyoqui Pablo , González‐Mercado Anahí , Sánchez Marivel , Sineiro Jorge , Núñez María José
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

A main advantage of microalgae cultivation is its capacity to produce metabolites of biotechnological interest through modification of growth conditions. The aim was to evaluate the effect of strontium addition (Sr) to the culture medium and culture scale‐up of Tetraselmis suecica on antioxidant capacity and antiangiogenic activity.

RESULTS

Antiradical activity in extracts through the DPPH (α, α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl free radical) scavenging method was higher for a 5‐L reactor (81.9 ± 2.5%) than for a 80‐L reactor (60 ± 4.6%), and through the TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) method, the activity measures were 1.38 ± 0.05 and 1.12 ± 0.05 mmol Trolox, respectively. Lipid peroxidation β‐carotene bleaching reached the highest activity coefficients for the 80‐L reactor (ethanol extract 724 ± 35 AAC). Antioxidant activity was similar with and without Sr, although it was affected by the scale‐up. Extractable solids were maximized in the 80‐L reactor (350 ± 6 mg g−1 for methanol–water), whereas phenolic compounds were higher for ethanol extracts (5.5 ± 0.1 mg GAE g−1 for 5‐ and 80‐L reactors, without Sr addition). The antiangiogenic activity was improved in the methanol extract by ≈50% more than the negative control.

CONCLUSION

The antioxidant activity of T. suecica biomass can be improved using different culture scale‐ups and solvents during extraction, increasing the production of natural sources of antioxidant and antiangiogenic compounds for their use in food, health and cosmetics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
A novel process for landfill leachate pretreatment using hydrodynamic cavitation combined with potassium ferrate oxidation
Authors: Feng Xingqiao , Jin Riya , Qiao Yina , He Zengdi , Liu Jiaoqin , Sun Zhumei , Zhang Yufan , Jia Mengye , Gao Jingshuai , Wang Anlong , Guo Chengjie
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND

Efficient pretreatment is key to improving landfill leachate biodegradability. This is the first study to combine hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) for the treatment of landfill leachate, using chemical oxygen demand (COD) and UV absorbance at a wavelength of 254 nm (UV254) as the main test indicators. The feasibility of HC combined with K2FeO4 as a mature leachate pretreatment method was explored.

RESULTS

The HC experiment used 40 L of mature landfill leachate raw water, with optimal reaction conditions of: pH 4, 70 min continuous cavitation and K2FeO4 dosage of 1.5 g/L. The leachate COD decreased from 3812.64 mg/L to 1833.8 mg/L (51.69% removal), while UV254 decreased from 20.44 to 6.14 (65.14% removal) and total organic carbon decreased from 1489 to 915.3 mg/L (38.53% removal). After HC/K2FeO4 treatment, the biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days (BOD5)/COD (0.61) was greatly improved compared to the raw leachate (0.362), with effluent reaching the standard (BOD5/COD >0.6) required to be considered fully biodegradable. Studies have shown that HC can accelerate the reaction rate of Fe(VI) with pollutants, while also forming a Fenton‐like system with the products of Fe(VI) reduction. FT‐IR analysis results showed that HC/K2FeO4 treatment achieved the removal of complex high molecular weight compounds, by carbonization or decomposition into more biodegradable substances.

CONCLUSION

Compared with the traditional pretreatment process, HC/K2FeO4 exhibits strong oxidation and coagulation performance, achieving the significant removal of leachate humus and effectively improving biodegradability, while also being suitable for large‐scale applications, such as landfill leachate treatment. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Post‐COVID‐19 fetal cardiac evaluation in moderate infection group of pregnant women
Authors: Goncu Ayhan Sule , Turgut Ezgi , Ozden Tokalioglu Eda , Oluklu Deniz , Sakcak Bedri , Uyan Hendem Derya , Tanacan Atakan , Moraloglu Tekin Ozlem , Sahin Dilek
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To determine the long‐term fetal cardiac effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnant women recovered from moderate COVID‐19 with fetal echocardiography (ECHO).

Methods

Forty‐five pregnant women that recovered from moderate COVID‐19 (CRG) 4 weeks after the infection confirmation, were compared with 45 gestational and maternal age‐matched control groups (CG) in terms of demographic features fetal cardiac morphological (sphericity index, cardiothoracic ratio), and functional (myocardial performance index, mitral E/A, tricuspid E/A, mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) parameters.

Results

There was no difference in demographic features between the groups. Fetal cardiac morphologic parameters were found to be similar between the two groups. When the fetal cardiac functional assessment of the two groups was compared, only mitral E/A ratio results were found to be statistically significantly lower in the CRG than in the control group (p = 0.030).

Conclusion

The fetal heart does not seem to be negatively affected by COVID‐19 after recovery from moderate infection. These results about the fetal effect of SARS‐CoV‐2 may improve our limited knowledge of the utility of fetal ECHO in pregnant women who recovered from COVID‐19.
Fully covered self‐expandable metal stent placed over a stapled colon anastomosis in an animal model: A pilot study of colon metabolism over the stent
Authors: Oikonomakis Ioannis , Jansson Daniel T , Skoog Per , Nilsson Kristofer F , Meehan Adrian D , Hörer Tal M , Jansson Kjell
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim

Anastomotic leakage (AL) in colorectal resection and primary anastomosis is a common and feared complication. Fully covered self‐expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) have been used for the treatment of AL. It is still unknown whether FCSEMSs affect anastomosis healing negatively by causing ischemia. In an animal study, we investigated the metabolic effects over a FCSEMS covering a stapled colon anastomosis.

Methods

Seven pigs were investigated using microdialysis after laparotomy, colon resection, and anastomosis with stent placement. Measurements were done at the proximal and distal ends of the anastomosis and at a reference catheter placed at the small intestine. Measurements of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and the lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) were carried out.

Results

Lactate and L/P were significantly higher at the oral part of the anastomosis, while glucose showed a small declining tendency. At the distal part of the anastomosis, glucose decreased significantly after the resection but did not reach zero. Lactate increased significantly whereas L/P increased only slightly. Glycerol levels were stable.

Conclusion

Colon resection caused initially hypermetabolism in the intestinal ends next to the resection site. This hypermetabolism neither deteriorated nor turned into ischemia during the initial postoperative course, but the start of hypoxemia could not be excluded during the study and after the placement of an FCSEMS.
Immune checkpoints in T cells during oncogenic γ‐herpesvirus infections
Authors: Münz Christian
Published: May 2022

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are two persistent oncogenic γ‐herpesviruses with an exclusive tropism for humans. They cause cancers of lymphocyte, epithelial and endothelial cell origin, such as Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma. Mutations in immune‐related genes but also adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients have revealed molecular requirements for immune control of EBV and KSHV. These include costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors on T cells that are currently explored or already therapeutically targeted in tumor patients. This review discusses these co‐receptors and their influence on EBV‐ and KSHV‐associated diseases. The respective studies reveal surprising specificities of some of these receptors for immunity to these tumor viruses, benefits of their blockade for some but not other virus‐associated diseases, and that EBV‐ and KSHV‐specific immune control should be monitored during immune checkpoint inhibition to prevent adverse events that might be associated with their reactivation during treatment.
An optimal hybrid control scheme to achieve power quality enhancement in micro grid connected system
Authors: Rajesh P. , Shajin Francis H. , Rajani B. , Sharma Deepesh
Published: May 2022

In this manuscript, a novel control scheme is proposed to achieve the power quality (PQ) enhancement of renewable energy sources (RES), such as photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC), and battery. The proposed hybrid technique is the consolidation of both the Improved Bat Algorithm (IBat) and Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm (MFOA), therefore it is known as Improved Bat search Algorithm with Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm (IBatMFOA) control strategy. The crossover and mutation function is utilized to modify the bats search behavior function. Here, MFOA is utilized to enhance the searching behavior of IBat technique by reducing the error function. The main goal of proposed IBatMFOA approach is “to enhance the PQ depending on active with reactive power varience.” To attain the target, MFOA is optimized to lessen the power variation. Moreover, the functioning cost of RESs is diminished based on daily with weekly data forecast, like grid electricity price, electrical load, environmental parameters. By using IBatMFOA technique, the entire system efficiency is enhanced. By then, the proposed method is activated in MATLAB site, then the performance is examined with existing methods, like artificial bee colony, Gravitational Search Algorithm, and Firefly algorithm. The active power controller parameters of proposed technique are 8.8554 and 1.8569. The reactive power controller parameters of proposed technique are 8.1657 and 1.5698.