bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotion regulation and heart rate variability may identify the optimal posttraumatic stress disorder treatment: analyses from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mathersul Danielle C. , Zeitzer Jamie M. , Schulz-Heik R. Jay , Avery Timothy J. , Bayley Peter J.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

High variability in response and retention rates for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment highlights the need to identify "personalized" or "precision" medicine factors that can inform optimal intervention selection before an individual commences treatment. In secondary analyses from a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial, behavioral and physiological emotion regulation were examined as non-specific predictors (that identify which individuals are more likely to respond to treatment, regardless of treatment type) and treatment moderators (that identify which treatment works best for whom) of PTSD outcome.

Methods

There were 85 US Veterans with clinically significant PTSD symptoms randomized to 6 weeks of either cognitive processing therapy (CPT; n = 44) or a breathing-based yoga practice (Sudarshan kriya yoga; SKY; n = 41). Baseline self-reported emotion regulation (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed prior to treatment, and self-reported PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline, end-of-treatment, 1-month follow-up, and 1-year follow-up.

Results

Greater baseline deficit in self-reported emotional awareness (similar to alexithymia) predicted better overall PTSD improvement in both the short- and long-term, following either CPT or SKY. High self-reported levels of emotional response non-acceptance were associated with better PTSD treatment response with CPT than with SKY. However, all significant HRV indices were stronger moderators than all self-reported emotion regulation scales, both in the short- and long-term. Veterans with lower baseline HRV had better PTSD treatment response with SKY, whereas Veterans with higher or average-to-high baseline HRV had better PTSD treatment response with CPT.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine both self-reported emotion regulation and HRV, within the same study, as both non-specific predictors and moderators of PTSD treatment outcome. Veterans with poorer autonomic regulation prior to treatment had better PTSD outcome with a yoga-based intervention, whereas those with better autonomic regulation did better with a trauma-focused psychological therapy. Findings show potential for the use of HRV in clinical practice to personalize PTSD treatment.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02366403
Using the health beliefs model to implement mobile puberty health education in Iranian adolescent boys: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salahshouri Arash , Raisi-Philabadi Parvaneh , Ghanbari Saeed , Stein Lar , Araban Marzieh
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Given boys' low health knowledge and their unhealthy behavior during puberty, which can cause many physical, mental, and psychological problems, it is important to prevent these complications. This study was therefore aimed to determine the efficacy of a mobile health educational intervention based on the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) on Iranian adolescent boys.

Materials and methods

This randomized controlled trial involved junior high school boys (n = 148) in Iran studying during the 2020–2021 school year. Educational content concerning healthy behaviors during puberty (e.g., the importance of bathing) was developed based on HBM and sent to the intervention group via mobile phone. HBM addresses multiple factors (e.g., perceived disease risk) that explain health behaviors. The intervention was delivered in five sessions over four weeks using real-time Internet communication and texting. The control group did not receive any intervention. One school was randomly selected from each of the four districts of the study site. The schools were then randomized into intervention and control groups. The boys were then randomly selected from each school to participate in the study. Data collected at baseline and 2-month follow-up assessments included demographic information, health knowledge (e.g., physical changes during puberty), health behaviors (e.g., bathing), and HBM constructs (e.g., self-efficacy to perform healthy behaviors). Data analysis was done using the chi-square, independent and paired t-tests, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

Results

The two groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics. Before the intervention, the two groups were slightly different in terms of knowledge, health behavior, and HBM constructs. Following the intervention, the scores of the intervention group improved significantly (p < 0.05). After adjusting for pre-intervention knowledge, HBM, and health behavior scores, the intervention group remained superior to the control group in terms of improvement of knowledge, HBM constructs, and healthy behaviors (p < 0.05). Effect sizes ranged from medium to large (0.25–0.86).

Conclusion

Mobile phone education based on the HBM is efficacious in encouraging healthy behavior in boys during puberty. Organizations interested in encouraging healthy behaviors in boys should consider the use of such a program.
Physical activity interventions in European primary schools: a scoping review to create a framework for the design of tailored interventions in European countries
Authors: Porter Alice , Walker Robert , House Danielle , Salway Ruth , Dawson Sarah , Ijaz Sharea , de Vocht Frank , Jago Russell
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Schools provide a unique environment to facilitate physical activity for children. However, many school-based physical activity interventions have not been effective. We propose a new approach, which allows schools to tailor interventions to their specific context. This scoping review aimed to identify intervention components from previous school-based physical activity interventions to form the basis of a tailored approach in a European setting.

Methods

Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for conducting scoping reviews were followed. European school-based intervention studies aimed at increasing physical activity in children aged 7–11 years published in English since 2015 were included. Databases searched were Ovid Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index, ERIC and British Education Index. Data was extracted on intervention components, context-related factors (geographical location, school size, child socioeconomic status and ethnicity), feasibility, acceptability and cost-effectiveness. A data-driven framework was developed to summarize the identified intervention components.

Results

79 articles were included, constituting 45 intervention studies. We identified 177 intervention components, which were synthesized into a framework of 60 intervention component types across 11 activity opportunities: six within the school day, three within the extended school day and two within the wider school environment. Interventions most frequently targeted physical education (21%), active and outdoor learning (16%), active breaks (15%), and school-level environmewnt (12%). Of the intervention components, 41% were delivered by school staff, 31% by the research team, and 24% by external organizations. Only 19% of intervention studies reported geographical location and only 10% reported school size. Participant ethnicity and socioeconomic information was reported by 15% and 25%, respectively. Intervention acceptability was reported in 51% of studies, feasibility in 49%, and cost effectiveness in 2%.

Discussion

This review offers a first step in developing a future framework to help schools to develop context-specific, tailored interventions. However, there was a lack of reporting of contextual factors within the included studies, making it difficult to understand the role of context. Future research should seek to measure and report contextual factors, and to better understand the important aspects of context within school-based physical activity.
Bedtime routines in Greek families: characteristics, barriers, and facilitators for establishing and maintaining optimal routines
Authors: Papadopoulou Marina , Sandalidou Maria , Kamarligkos Ioannis , Kitsakis Nikolaos , Milonaki Maria-Aggeliki , Zografou Frideriki , Kitsaras George
Published: February 2024

Background

Bedtime routines are amongst the most common, recurrent family activities with close associations for child health, development and wellbeing especially sleep. Despite the importance of bedtime routines, no previous study has examined them within the context of a Greek family.

Method

A mixed methods, stepped approach was used in this study. A cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and characteristics of bedtime routines (PRE) in families with young children and explored associations with parental mood (POMS) and child's sleep (CSHQ). A qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) examined barriers and facilitators for achieving optimal routines.

Results

Total of 54 parents with a mean age of 35.9 (SD = 5.95) completed the cross-sectional study while 20 parents participated in the interviews. There were strong positive correlations between total scores on the POMS and total scores on the CSHQ r = 0.482, p < 0.001 and strong negative correlation between total scores on the POMS and total scores on the PRE, r = −0.308, p = 0.023. In terms of barriers and facilitators, social desirability, social comparison, environmental factors and resistance from children were amongst the most common barriers to establishing a good bedtime routine.

Conclusion

Bedtime routines are highly prevalent in Greek families with the quality of those routines varying between households. Addressing common barriers in achieving better bedtime routines could help families benefit in the short and long-term.
Cycling is the most important predictive split discipline in professional Ironman® 70.3 triathletes
Authors: Weiss Katja , Valero David , Andrade Marilia Santos , Villiger Elias , Thuany Mabliny , Knechtle Beat
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Our study examined 16,611 records of professional triathletes from 163 Ironman® 70.3 races across 97 countries (2004-2020). The aim was to identify the most predictive discipline—swim, bike, or run—for overall race time.

Methods

We used correlation matrices to compare the dependent variable “finish time” with independent variables “swim time,” “bike time,” and “run time.” This analysis was conducted separately for male and female athletes. Additionally, univariate and multiple linear regression models assessed the strength of these associations.

Results

The results indicated that “bike time” had the strongest correlation with finish time (0.85), followed by “run time” (0.75 for females, 0.82 for males) and “swim time” (0.46 for females, 0.63 for males). Regression models confirmed “bike time” as the strongest predictor of overall race time (R² = 0.8), with “run time” and “swim time” being less predictive.

Discussion

The study concludes that in Ironman 70.3 races, “bike time” is the most significant predictor of overall race performance for both sexes, suggesting a focus on cycling in training and competition strategies. It also highlights a smaller performance gap between genders in swimming than in cycling or running.
Pulmonary hypertension leads to poor inpatient outcome in non-white patients admitted with stroke: an analysis of national inpatient sample
Authors: Jayaraman Dilip Kumar , Kjelstrom Stephanie , Montone Georgia , Rajasekaran Divya
Published: February 2024

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Every year, about 795,000 strokes are reported in the United States, of which around 23% are recurrent. We analyzed the national inpatient sample to assess the outcomes in patient with pulmonary hypertension and ischemic stroke. Our study included 7 million inpatient discharge encounters among which 553,085 patients had ischemic stroke. Among this, 16,830 had PH and 536,255 did not have PH.female (63.8% vs. 48.8%; p < 0.0001). A higher proportion of stroke patients with PH died in the hospital (5.7% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.0001) as well as had a longer average length of stay (LOS) [6.3 days (SD 6.2) vs. 5.0 days (SD 6.8); p < 0.0001]. Our study noted that black patients with PH were younger [70.5 years (SD 13.8)]. Black patients had the longest length of stay compared to Caucasians (7.8 days SD 8.3) (p < 0.0001).
Physics-Based Aircraft Dynamics Identification Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Peña-García Raymundo , Velázquez-Sánchez Rodolfo Daniel , Gómez-Daza-Argumedo Cristian , Escobedo-Alva Jonathan Omega , Tapia-Herrera Ricardo , Meda-Campaña Jesús Alberto
Published: February 2024

This research introduces a physics-based identification technique utilizing genetic algorithms. The primary objective is to derive a parametric matrix, denoted as A, describing the time-invariant linear model governing the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft. This is achieved by proposing a fitness function based on the properties of the transition matrix and taking advantage of some of the capabilities of the genetic algorithm, mainly those of restricting the search ranges of the unknowns. In this case, such unknowns are related to the type of aircraft and flight conditions that are considered during the identification process. The proposed identification method is validated with a reliable nonlinear model that can be found in the literature, as well as with the calculation of the trim condition and linearization generally used in aircraft dynamics. In summary, this study suggests that the genetic algorithm provided with the adequate fitness function could be an appealing alternative for aircraft model identification, even when limited data are available. Furthermore, in some cases, linearization using a genetic algorithm can be more efficient than classical methods.
Selected Carbon and Nitrogen Compounds in a Maize Agroecosystem under the Use of Nitrogen Mineral Fertilizer, Farmyard Manure, Urease, and Nitrification Inhibitors
Authors: Skowrońska Monika , Kuśmierz Sebastian , Walczak Jacek
Published: February 2024

Carbon and nitrogen compounds in agroecosystems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their key roles in crop production and their impacts on environment quality and/or climate change. Since fertilization profoundly disrupted the C and N cycles, several mitigation and/or adaptation strategies, including the application of farmyard manure (FYM) and/or urease and nitrification inhibitors (UI and NI), have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contents of soil organic carbon and its fractions, the total and mineral forms of nitrogen, as well as CO2 and N2O emissions under mineral and organic fertilization with and without urease and nitrification inhibitors in a maize agroecosystem. A two-year field study was carried out on Cambisols (silt) in Poland. The experiment scheme included nine treatments: C (the control without fertilization), UAN (Urea Ammonium Nitrate), UAN+UI, UAN+NI, UAN+UI+NI, FYM with N mineral fertilizer base, FYM with N mineral fertilizer base+UI, FYM with N mineral fertilizer base+NI, and FYM with N mineral fertilizer base+UI+NI. It was found that treatments fertilized with cattle FYM were higher sinks and sources of C and N compounds in comparison to the UAN plots. The organic carbon, humic and humin acid, and total nitrogen concentrations, in contrast to ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, were not affected by the inhibitors added. Nitrification and urease inhibitors were effective in decreasing N2O emissions only in treatments that were exclusively applied with UAN and had no significant influence on CO2 emissions.
Influence of Moisture Content on Some Mechanical Properties of Wheat
Authors: Moya Manuel , Sánchez David , Romero José Ángel , Villar-García José Ramón
Published: February 2024

The loads generated inside agricultural silos under static and dynamic conditions depend on the mechanical properties of the materials stored inside them. Silo calculation methodologies are based on these mechanical properties. Although it is known that moisture content greatly influences the values reached by these mechanical properties, only a few studies have been conducted to determine them. The present work determines the angle of internal friction, the apparent cohesion, the dilatancy angle and the apparent specific weight of wheat when subjected to different moisture contents. Direct shear and oedometer assay devices were used. In addition, a climatic chamber was used to moisten the wheat samples used in this work. From the different assays conducted, it could be observed that the values of the angle of internal friction, the apparent cohesion and the apparent specific weight were like those found in the literature. However, no values of the dilatancy angle of wheat as influenced by moisture content were previously reported. The values obtained here for this parameter are within the range of those specified for dry wheat samples. Finally, higher apparent specific weight values were observed as moisture content increased up to 13.4%, then decreasing at a moisture content of 15.5%. This was not expected according to the results stated by some authors, although others reported a similar tendency. The values here provided can be used in silo load calculations involving numerical methods for modeling technological processes.
Remediation Efficiency and Soil Properties of TCE-Contaminated Soil Treated by Thermal Conduction Heating Coupled with Persulfate Oxidation
Authors: Fan Tingting , Shen Wenbo , Ding Da , Wang Xiang , Zhao Yuanchao , Wei Changlong , Song Xin , Zhang Shengtian , Jin Decheng , Wan Jinzhong
Published: February 2024

Less attention was paid to the remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contaminated soil treated by thermal conduction heating (TCH) coupled with chemical oxidization. In this study, the lab-scale remediation experiments of trichloroethylene (TCE)-contaminated soil by TCH and TCH coupled with persulfate (TCH + PS) were performed to explore the influences of PS usage, temperature, reaction time, and the variation of soil properties. TCE was removed from contaminated soils using TCH with a temperature lower than boiling point, and the removal ratio of TCE reached 78.21% with a reaction time of 6h at 60 °C. In the TCH + PS treatments, the removal ratio increased to 87.60~99.50% when the PS dosage was increased from 7.0 mmol/kg to 17.5 mmol/kg at 60 °C. However, the usage efficiency of PS had no positive relationship with oxidant usage and temperature. The treatment with 14 mmol/kg PS after 3h at 50 °C had the highest PS usage ratio of 3.05. In addition, soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) did not decrease significantly in the TCH-only treatment, while the content of SOM declined by almost 50% after the TCH + PS treatment. Overall, it was concluded that TCH + PS achieved higher removal efficiency, whereas TCH had less disturbance on soil pH and SOM. As such, the applicability of TCH-only or TCH + PS treatments is site-specific.
Olive Mill Waste-Water Extract Enriched in Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Modulates Host–Pathogen Interaction in IPEC-J2 Cells
Authors: Ferlisi Flavia , De Ciucis Chiara Grazia , Trabalza-Marinucci Massimo , Fruscione Floriana , Mecocci Samanta , Franzoni Giulia , Zinellu Susanna , Galarini Roberta , Razzuoli Elisabetta , Cappelli Katia
Published: February 2024

The dietary supplementation of olive oil by-products, including olive mill waste-water (OMWW) in animal diets, is a novel application that allows for their re-utilization and recycling and could potentially decrease the use of antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance risk in livestock species, and the occurrence of intestinal diseases. Salmonella serovar typhimurium is one of the most widespread intestinal pathogens in the world, causing enterocolitis in pigs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an OMWW extract enriched in polyphenols (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) in the immune response of an intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) following S. typhimurium infection. Cells were pre-treated with OMWW-extract polyphenols (OMWW-EP, 0.35 and 1.4 µg) for 24 h and then infected with S. typhimurium for 1 h. We evaluated bacterial invasiveness and assayed IPEC-J2 gene expression with RT-qPCR and cytokine release with an ELISA test. The obtained results showed that OMWW-EP (1.4 µg) significantly reduced S. typhimurium invasiveness; 0.35 µg decreased the IPEC-J2 gene expression of IL1B, MYD88, DEFB1 and DEFB4A, while 1.4 µg down-regulated IL1B and DEFB4A and increased TGFB1. The cytokine content was unchanged in infected cells. This is the first study demonstrating the in vitro immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activity of OMWW extracts enriched in polyphenols, suggesting a protective role of OMWW polyphenols on the pig intestine and their potential application as feed supplements in farm animals such as pigs.
Efficient Topical Treatment of Canine Nodular Sebaceous Hyperplasia with a Nitric Acid and Zinc Complex Solution
Authors: Gustafsson Lina , Wilson Alison , Bergvall Kerstin
Published: February 2024

Nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia in the often middle-aged to old dog is a common, benign proliferation that results in exophytic, pink to yellow, alopecic, and often multilobulated nodules. Removal is usually carried out by surgical excision. As many old dogs have comorbidities that increase the risk of anesthesia, a topical treatment is warranted. We hypothesized that the application of a solution containing nitric acid, zinc, copper, and organic acids (Verrutop®), would be a safe and efficient way to treat these nodules. Eleven dogs with a total of 29 nodules, grossly compatible with nodular sebaceous gland hyperplasia, were included in the study. Eighteen of the nodules were treated; 11 were left untreated. No anesthesia or sedation was needed. Four weeks after one application, 17/18 treated nodules had decreased by 100% in volume. There was a statistically significant difference in percentual volume change between the treated and untreated nodules from day 0 to day 28 (p < 0.0001). No serious side effects were noted. Sebaceous hyperplasia cannot always be distinguished grossly from sebaceous tumors. Cytological evaluation can be helpful, and in cases of deviant macroscopic features, local recurrence, or more aggressive behavior, the appropriate intervention would be to biopsy or excise the nodule for histopathology. Topical application of Verrutop® is an easy, low-cost, and efficient way to remove canine sebaceous gland hyperplasia with minimal side effects in cases where surgery and anesthesia are not desired.
Reproductive Seasonality, Estrous Cycle, Pregnancy, and the Recurrence of Postpartum Estrus Based on Long-Term Profiles of Fecal Sex Steroid Hormone Metabolites regarding Zoo-Housed Female Golden Takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi)
Authors: Yoshida Tomoki , Shimokawa Yuki , Ohta Makoto , Takayanagi Mayo , Kusuda Satoshi
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the non-invasive monitoring of the endocrine ovarian activities of captive female golden takins (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi) based on long-term fecal sex steroid hormone metabolite dynamics. Fecal progesterone (P4) metabolite dynamics were monitored in nine females for 0.5–15 years between 2004 and 2022. Fecal estradiol-17β (E2) and estrone (E1) metabolites were measured during certain estrous cycles, and fecal E1 metabolite concentrations were measured during all gestation periods. The breeding season of the captive animals was mainly between May and December, and they were polyestrous animals whose breeding season begins during the long-day period. The onset of the breeding season occurred slightly earlier as age increased. The mean age (±SD) at puberty based on fecal P4 metabolite dynamics was 4.1 ± 2.9 years. The first conception ages ranged from 2.3–10.2 years. The mean estrous cycle period (±SEM) was 25.4 ± 1.1 days, and mounting and mating occurred in periods of low fecal P4 metabolite levels during the breeding season. The mean gestation period (±SD) from the estimated mating date to the calving date was 253.9 ± 5.7 days, and the fecal P4 metabolite distribution during pregnancy was bimodal. Fecal estrone metabolite levels gradually increased 21 weeks before delivery, peaked during the week of delivery, and then markedly decreased in the first week after delivery. Estrus resumed in the first April–August period after delivery (mean ± SD; 103.5 ± 40.9 days) or in May of the year after delivery (421.0 ± 16.5 days). This study revealed that the estrous cycle and pregnancy of female golden takins can be determined by fecal progesterone metabolite dynamics and that fecal estrone metabolite dynamics increases toward parturition and are useful for predicting the date of delivery. This endocrinological information is important for planned breeding efforts for the golden takins.
Ozone Exposure Controls Oxidative Stress and the Inflammatory Process of Hepatocytes in Murine Models
Authors: Pelinsari Silvania Mol , Sarandy Mariáurea Matias , Vilela Emerson Ferreira , Novaes Rômulo Dias , Schlamb Jade , Gonçalves Reggiani Vilela
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: Ozone exposure is a promising tool for treating liver damage since it is known to control the release of free radicals and increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The objective is to investigate the main intracellular pathways activated after exposure to ozone, considering the dosage of antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative stress. (2) Methods: This systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines and using a structured search in MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science. Bias analysis and methodological quality assessments were examined using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. (3) Results: Nineteen studies were selected. The results showed that the exposure to ozone has a protective effect on liver tissue, promoting a decrease in inflammatory markers and a reduction in oxidative stress in liver tissue. In addition, ozone exposure also promoted an increase in antioxidant enzymes. The morphological consequences of controlling these intracellular pathways were reducing the tissue inflammatory process and reducing areas of degeneration and necrosis. (4) Conclusions: Ozone exposure has a beneficial effect on models of liver injury through the decrease in oxidative stress in tissue and inflammatory markers. In addition, it regulates the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant pathway and blocks the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
Sustained Systemic Antioxidative Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation beyond Neurodegeneration: Implications in Therapy in 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Zeljkovic Jovanovic Milica , Stanojevic Jelena , Stevanovic Ivana , Ninkovic Milica , Nedeljkovic Nadezda , Dragic Milorad
Published: February 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is manifested by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and caudoputamen (Cp), leading to the development of motor and non-motor symptoms. The contribution of oxidative stress to the development and progression of PD is increasingly recognized. Experimental models show that strengthening antioxidant defenses and reducing pro-oxidant status may have beneficial effects on disease progression. In this study, the neuroprotective potential of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is investigated in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD model in rats seven days after intoxication which corresponds to the occurrence of first motor symptoms. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were unilaterally injected with 6-OHDA to mimic PD pathology and were subsequently divided into two groups to receive either iTBS or sham stimulation for 21 days. The main oxidative parameters were analyzed in the caudoputamen, substantia nigra pars compacta, and serum. iTBS treatment notably mitigated oxidative stress indicators, simultaneously increasing antioxidative parameters in the caudoputamen and substantia nigra pars compacta well after 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration process was over. Serum analysis confirmed the systemic effect of iTBS with a decrease in oxidative markers and an increase in antioxidants. Prolonged iTBS exerts a modulatory effect on oxidative/antioxidant parameters in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model, suggesting a potential neuroprotective benefit, even though at this specific time point 6-OHDA-induced oxidative status was unaltered. These results emphasize the need to further explore the mechanisms of iTBS and argue in favor of considering it as a therapeutic intervention in PD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
Mechanical Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay
Authors: Yan Tiecheng , Zhang Xingyuan , Cai Sutong , Zhou Zefeng , An Ran , Zhang Xianwei
Published: February 2024

Marine soft clays are prevalent in coastal regions of China, giving rise to engineering challenges such as salt swelling, corrosion, and load bearing in foundations with soft soil. This study is dedicated to enhancing the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized soft clay (FCSSC) and revealing its strengthening mechanism. Uniaxial compression tests are performed to explore the impact of fiber length, fiber amount, and curing ages on mechanical behavior. The stabilization mechanisms of cement and glass fibers are explored through damage analyses and microscopy. Based on the experimental results, a damage constitutive model is formulated for FCSSC, and its validity is established by comparing fitting curves with testing curves. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the stabilized soil, attributed to the synergistic effects of the cement and glass fibers. The growth rate of the unconfined compressive strength decreased with increasing curing ages. Notably, the fiber length significantly impacted the strength index, with short-chopped fibers playing a crucial role in strength enhancement. The compressive strength exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with rising fiber content, reaching a maximum between 0.3% and 0.4%. The bridging effect of the glass fibers proved effective in inhibiting compression crack expansion and mitigating structural damage of the soil sample. However, excessive fiber content or length led to improved local porosity, resulting in the deterioration of strength and deformation properties. The stress–strain curves fitted using the proposed damage constitutive model accurately reflected the stress–strain relationship and deformation characteristics of the FCSSC.
Design of Reinforced Ribs for Spaceborne Parabolic Cylindrical Reflector Antenna Based on Topology Optimization and Parametric Analysis
Authors: Kan Peiyuan , Liu Mingyue , Wang Damiao , Fan Wenjie , Liu Hao
Published: February 2024

The normal operation of spaceborne parabolic cylindrical reflector antennas under various operating conditions relies on maintaining the root mean square (RMS) of the reflector surface’s deformation within reasonable limits. In engineering practice, the designing of reinforced ribs is the primary way to control the RMS of the reflector surface. However, the layout and dimensions of reinforced ribs for many existing designs rely on the experience of the designer and lack a theoretical foundation. This leads to suboptimal layouts and dimensions in many designs, deviating from the optimal design. To address these concerns, this study proposes a comprehensive design approach that combines both topology optimization and parametric analysis. Optimization and parametric analysis were conducted for a large-sized spaceborne composite parabolic cylindrical reflector antenna. The layout and dimensions of the reinforced ribs were reconstructed based on the optimization results and parametric analysis. This study also obtained the influence of the height and thickness of the reinforced ribs on the RMS of the reflector surface. Subsequently, utilizing antenna temperature field simulations as thermal excitation inputs, finite element thermal distortion analyses were conducted for the reflector surfaces without reinforced ribs, with the original reinforced ribs designed based on empirical methods, and with optimized reinforced ribs. In comparison to the original design of the reinforced ribs, the optimized design, without an increase in the volume of the reinforced ribs, reduced the RMS of the reflector surface from 0.6025 mm to 0.5561 mm, resulting in an optimization ratio of 7.7%. Moreover, when compared to the reflector surface without reinforced ribs, the optimized design achieved a 17.9% reduction in RMS.
A Design Language for Prototyping and Storyboarding Data-Driven Stories
Authors: Asgari Morteza , Hurtut Thomas
Published: February 2024

Data-driven stories (DDS) are digital forms of storytelling that arrange data and visualizations to communicate a narrative of information to an audience. They have been growing rapidly over the past decades. As a result, a great degree of versatility appears in the forms of published DDS. The recent structures of DDS are more complex, respecting their arrangement, composition, features, and inner parts. In the current academic research, neither storytelling techniques nor any taxonomies suggest visual mechanisms to distinguish between different layouts, compositions, and arrangements. The lack of an expressive visual solution that integrates different parts of DDS under one structure prevents the authors from trying more alternative design paths in the story design process. In this proposed work, we unify all the constructing parts of DDS to define the narrative structure as a visually structured representation of the DDS narrative, which is formed and designed by their constructing elements. This solution proposes a design language consisting of a set of design rules that integrate the visual elements to represent the DDS narrative structure. Our evaluation of the audit process out of 100 DDS examples confirms that the design language is comprehensive, expressive, and versatile. Additionally, we developed DataStoryDesign, a system that incorporates this visual solution to facilitate prototyping and storyboarding DDS for a team of DDS authors. The preliminary result of the exploratory evaluation indicates that such a solution is effective in prototyping and storyboarding DDS. In addition, our findings confirmed that the existence of our design language improves the visual communication between different personas in the DDS production workflow.
Full-Wavefield Migration Using an Imaging Condition of Global Normalization Multi-Order Wavefields: Application to a Synthetic Dataset
Authors: Zhu Hongyu , Wang Deli , Li Lingxiang
Published: February 2024

In marine seismic exploration, seismic signals comprise primaries that undergo first-order scattering, as well as multiples resulting from multi-order scattering events. Surface-related multiples involve multi-order scattering at the free surface interface between seawater and air and exhibit a smaller reflection angle and broader illumination compared to primaries. Internal multiples, originating from multi-order scattering among stratified layers, provide additional illumination compensation beneath the reflecting interface. However, in conventional primary migration, different-order wavefields may result in crosstalk artifacts. To address this issue, we developed a least-squares migration (LSM) method based on the multi-order wavefield global normalization condition. This methodology investigates the illumination effects and crosstalk artifacts associated with different-order surface-related and internal multiples, and then modifies the global normalization condition by incorporating an illumination compensation perspective. Virtual sources, represented by surface-related multiples and internal multiples, are integrated into the source compensation term, ultimately yielding a multi-order wavefield normalization condition. This normalization condition is subsequently combined with least-squares full-wavefield migration (LSFWM). Numerical experiments demonstrate that the normalization condition of multi-order wavefields can resolve the problem of weak deep imaging energy and promote the suppression of multiple crosstalk artifacts in the least-squares algorithm.
Evaluation Model on Activation Classification of Coal Mine Goaf Ground Considering High-Speed Railway Loads
Authors: Li Xianquan , Ren Lianwei , He Pengfei , Yang Quanwei
Published: February 2024

The construction and expansion of high-speed railway networks in China has been occurring at a fast pace, resulting in some lines crossing through coal mine goaf sites. However, the embankment and train loads may trigger the activation of the coal mine goaf ground, posing a threat to traffic safety. To ensure the safety of construction and railway lines, an evaluation model on the activation classification of coal mine goaf ground, taking into account the high-speed railway load, is proposed, which is mainly applicable for middle–deep and level goaf areas using a longwall mining method. Firstly, 12 influencing factors are selected as the underlying evaluation indexes, and the catastrophe progression method model for evaluating the coal mine goaf ground stability is constructed. The findings of the evaluation were found to align with the actual results, indicating the reliability of the model. Then, the additional stress calculation model for high-speed railway ground with different embankment heights, train speeds, and axle loads was established, and the train load disturbance depth with a 5% criterion was determined. The influence degree of load on high-speed railway was divided, and the weight of each factor was determined. Finally, the extension comprehensive evaluation method was used to unite the stability grade of the coal mine goaf site and the influence degree of the train, so the evaluation model on activation classification was proposed. The accurateness and reliability of the proposed model was verified using the Taijiao high-speed railway cases and the model test.
EMD-Based Noninvasive Blood Glucose Estimation from PPG Signals Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Satter Shama , Turja Mrinmoy Sarker , Kwon Tae-Ho , Kim Ki-Doo
Published: February 2024

Effective management of diabetes requires accurate monitoring of blood glucose levels. Traditional invasive methods for such monitoring can be cumbersome and uncomfortable for patients. In this study, we introduce a noninvasive approach to estimate blood glucose levels using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. We have focused on blood glucose prediction using wrist PPG signals and explored various PPG waveform-based features, including AC to DC ratio (AC/DC) and intrinsic mode function (IMF)-based features derived from empirical mode decomposition (EMD). To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been found using EMD-based features to estimate blood glucose levels noninvasively. Additionally, feature importance-based selection has also been used to further improve the accuracy of the proposed model. Among the four machine learning algorithms considered in this study, CatBoost consistently outperformed XGBoost, LightGBM, and random forest across a wide number of features. The best performing model, CatBoost, achieved Pearson’s r of 0.96, MSE 0.08, R2 score 0.92, and MAE 8.01 when considering the top 50 features selected from both PPG waveform-based features and IMF-based features. The p-values for all models were <0.001, indicating statistically significant correlations. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the feasibility and effectiveness of noninvasive blood glucose monitoring using advanced machine learning techniques.
Sex-Specific Association of Body Mass Index with Hippocampal Subfield Volume and Cognitive Function in Non-Demented Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Lin Shaohui , Jiang Lijuan , Wei Kai , Yang Junjie , Cao Xinyi , Li Chunbo
Published: February 2024

Recent research suggests a possible association between midlife obesity and an increased risk of dementia in later life. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Little is known about the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal subfield atrophy. In this study, we aimed to explore the associations between BMI and hippocampal subfield volumes and cognitive function in non-demented Chinese older adults. Hippocampal volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A total of 66 participants were included in the final analysis, with 35 females and 31 males. We observed a significant correlation between BMI and the hippocampal fissure volume in older females. In addition, there was a negative association between BMI and the RBANS total scale score, the coding score, and the story recall score, whereas no significant correlations were observed in older males. In conclusion, our findings revealed sex-specific associations between BMI and hippocampal subfield volumes and cognitive performance, providing valuable insights into the development of effective interventions for the early prevention of cognitive decline.
An Evaluation of the Strength for Recycled Fine Aggregate Replacement in Cementitious Mortars
Authors: Mahmood Ali , Nanos Nikos , Begg David
Published: February 2024

This research investigates the viability of high-strength Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) sourced from demolished structures containing high-strength concrete as a substitute for natural fine aggregates (NA) in cementitious mortar applications. Concrete specimens (40 × 40 × 160 mm) were prepared in a controlled environment with varying percentages of RCA replacing NA, ranging from 0% to 100% in 10% increments. The resulting RCA aggregates exhibited lower weight for sizes from 0.01 to 1 mm compared to NA, and for 1 to 3 mm sizes, RCA weights were 145% to 177% higher than SS aggregates. After curing for 28 days, flexural and compressive strength tests were conducted on the batches. The average compressive strength for the 0% RCA batch was 66.26 MPa, while the 50% RCA batch showed the closest average compressive strength at 63.10 MPa. Batches with varying RCA levels displayed compressive strengths between 49.52 and 58.18 MPa. The highest flexural strength was observed in the 0% RCA batch, with the closest result for a batch containing RCA being the 50% RCA batch.
Damage Evaluation and Seismic Assessment of a Typical Historical Unreinforced Masonry Building in the Zagreb 2020 Earthquake: A Case Study—Part I
Authors: Uroš Mario , Demšić Marija , Šavor Novak Marta , Atalić Josip , Baniček Maja , Jevtić Rundek Romano , Duvnjak Ivan , Košćak Janko , Pilipović Ante , Prevolnik Snježan
Published: February 2024

The city of Zagreb, the national capital and economic hub of Croatia, is situated in a seismically active region and hosts a significant array of historical buildings, from the medieval to Austro-Hungarian periods. These buildings possess varying but generally high degrees of vulnerability to seismic loading. This was highlighted in the Zagreb earthquake of 22 March 2020, emphasizing the need for seismic retrofitting in order to preserve this architectural heritage. In this paper, the seismic capacity of one such unreinforced masonry building is considered through a number of analysis methods, including response spectrum, pushover, and out-of-plane wall failure analyses. Given the advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods, their applicability and value in a seismic analysis is considered. Ambient vibration measurements before and after the Zagreb 2020 earthquake, used for model calibration, are also presented. Conclusions are drawn from each individual analysis and later compared. In conclusion, no single analysis method considers all relevant failure modes, and a combination of nonlinear static or dynamic analysis and out-of-plane analysis is recommended. Due to the large volume of the material, it is published in two parts, with ground motion record selection, dynamic analysis, and a comparison of the results published in part two.
Patterns of Temporal Lobe Reaction and Radiation Necrosis after Particle Radiotherapy in Patients with Skull Base Chordoma and Chondrosarcoma—A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Mattke Matthias , Ohlinger Matteo , Bougatf Nina , Wolf Robert , Welzel Thomas , Roeder Falk , Gerum Sabine , Fussl Christoph , Annon-Eberharter Natalee , Ellerbrock Malte , Jäkel Oliver , Haberer Thomas , Herfarth Klaus , Uhl Matthias , Debus Jürgen , Seidensaal Katharina , Harrabi Semi
Published: February 2024

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the occurrence of temporal lobe reactions and identify possible risk factors for patients who underwent particle therapy of the skull base. Methods: 244 patients treated for skull base chordoma (n = 144) or chondrosarcoma (n = 100) at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) using a raster scan technique, were analyzed. Follow-up MRI-scans were matched with the initial planning images. Radiogenic reactions were contoured and analyzed based on volume and dose of treatment. Results: 51 patients with chordoma (35.4%) and 30 patients (30%) with chondrosarcoma experienced at least one temporal lobe reaction within the follow-up period (median 49 months for chondrosarcoma, 62 months for chordoma). Age, irradiated volume, and dose values were significant risk factors for the development of temporal lobe reactions with the highest significance for the value of DMax-7 being defined as the dose maximum in the temporal lobe minus the 7cc with the highest dose (p = 0.000000000019; OR 1.087). Conclusion: Temporal lobe reactions are a common side effect after particle therapy of the skull base. We were able to develop a multivariate model, which predicted radiation reactions with a specificity of 99% and a sensitivity of 52.2%.
Forming a Cu-Based Catalyst for Efficient Hydrogenation Conversion of Starch into Glucose
Authors: Zhu Shenghua , Li Jue , Cheng Fuchang , Liang Jinghua
Published: February 2024

A pellet-forming as-catalyst, CuO/Al2O3, was prepared by the precipitation–tablet molding method and characterized by the Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques and TEM. The characterization results showed that the formed CuO/Al2O3 was in situ reduced to Cu/Al2O3 and Cu2O/ Al2O3 catalysts in the reaction system. The catalytic performance of catalyzing hydrogenation starch into glucose was investigated in an autoclave over CuO/Al2O3. The yield of glucose reached 83.16% at a temperature of 160 °C, a pressure of 1.8 MPa, a 100 g starch solution of 15 wt%, a catalyst dosage of 2.25%, a reaction time of 4 h, and a rotational speed of 630 r/min. The reusability of the catalyst was evaluated, and the glucose yield did not decrease obviously even after being reused for five consecutive cycles. Starch was converted into glucose through the synergistic action of Cu+ and Cu0 catalysis. This work is expected to provide valuable insights into the design of catalysts and the hydrogenation process for efficient starch hydrogenation.