bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of cattle farm breeders in Aceh Province
Authors: Handayani S , Safrida S
Published: June 2023

Livestock is an important and potential agricultural sub-sector in Aceh Province. Because of the climate and social conditions of the community, this business is able to increase the income of farmers. This study used primary data from 400 farmer respondents and secondary data from library research. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of cattle husbandry management in Aceh province. The results of this descriptive research showed that livestock farming in Aceh was dominated by smallholder farms that were not yet legal entities with relatively low levels of farmer education. Farming activities were generally only used as a side activity with a cow rearing system that was still semi-intensive. In this context, cows tended to look for forage that extended from nature. The number of livestock owned by the farmers ranged from 2 to 4 individuals, either privately owned or in the form of mawah (profit sharing). Generally, the types of cattle raised were Aceh cattle and exotic cattle.
Study of broiler farming integration system using CATWOE Analysis
Authors: Setianto N A , Muatip K , Widiyanti R , Purbowati I S M
Published: June 2023

The integration of companies and farmers dominates the broiler industry in Indonesia. This study aimed to identify the problematic situation of the current integration scheme between a well-established integrator and the broiler farmers. The survey was carried out in Kabupaten Kebumen. Eighty respondents were appointed as a sample using the census technique. Systems analysis of the systems of broiler farm partnership started with an analysis of the current everyday flux of the systems. The study used a qualitative approach using CATWOE analysis, followed by a Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH) analysis. The results were the critical thinking of the structured, current daily activities of the broiler farming partnership system in four dimensions, namely the dimensions of motivation, knowledge and skills, control, and dimensions of legitimacy. These results confirmed that the insertion of the CSH frameworks could enhance the critical ability of CATWOE analysis to identify the problematic situations of a system.
Meat quality of crossing indigenous chicken of Merawang, Murung Panggang and KUB
Authors: Sari N Y , Suryanto E , Rusman R , Sujarwanta R O , Triyannanto E
Published: June 2023

The cross-breed chickens are indigenous chickens formed from quality donor chickens with their respective characteristics and advantages. The hope is that the chicken from this cross has advantages, especially better meat quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of carcass and chicken meat from crosses. The cross-breed chickens were formed from indigenous Merawang, Murung panggang and KUB chickens. The results of this cross were divided into two breeds, namely the first breeds of KUB females and Merawang males, while the second breeds of KUB females and Murung panggang males. Chickens were reared from DOC until the age of eight and ten weeks for each nation with female and male sexes in Kronggahan, Sleman, Yogyakarta. The total number of chickens reared is 151 which are slaughtered using halal method. The results showed that the cross breed KUB Merawang chicken had higher fat content (1,97%), protein (18,83%) and cholesterol (43,68 mm/g) than KUB Murung panggang chicken, respectively 1,84%; 18,43% and 43,33 mm/g. However, the tenderness of the first cross indigenous chicken was 2,50 lower than the second cross which was 2,73. Consumers are more likely to like the first cross indigenous chicken meat because it is more savory and juicy.
The effect of cold pre-treatment period on callus formation of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) anther culture of local Aceh perintis genotype
Authors: Haridhi I K
Published: June 2023

Plant tissue culture is effective for plant propagation or biotechnology purposes, one of which is anther tissue culture. Anther culture of pepper is difficult because of callus growth, regeneration of plant organs, and low effectiveness. Pre-treatment such as cold temperatures can increase the induction of callus growth and embryogenesis in pepper anther cultures. This study aimed to determine the effect of the cold pre-treatment period on callus formation of anther culture of local Aceh pepper plants, the Perintis genotype. The results showed that the duration of cold pre-treatment had no significant effect on the callus formation of Perintis anther culture, based on Anova analysis. The highest percentage of anther culture callus growth was found in the control, which was 8.3%. The percentage of callus growth in 48 hours and 72 hours cold pre-treated anther obtained 6.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, the lowest percentage of anther culture callus growth was obtained from the 24-hour cold pre-treatment at 5%. According to our result, for pepper anther culture, the anthers did not need to be pre-treated with cold pre-treatment and it can be propagated directly.
Growth response and yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) on saline soil unaffected and affected by tsunami using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)
Authors: Usnawiyah U , Handayani R S , Khaidir K , Ismadi I , Dewi E S , Yusuf M , Aryani D S
Published: June 2023

The production of soybean nationally is still low. Therefore, the expansion of agricultural land in Aceh can be applied to marginal lands, such as peatlands, swamps, tidal lands, and even land affected by the tsunami. This study examined the use of saline soil unaffected and affected by Tsunami for soybean (Glycine max var. kipas merah) cultivation by adding Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Kipas merah was grown in unaffected and affected by Tsunami soil, with 0, 5, 10 and 15 g AMF per planting hole, in a Split plot with n=3, in a completely randomized layout. The results revealed that the dose of AMF affected all variables observed. The growth and yield of soybean increased as the AMF dose increased. AMF on land affected and not affected by the tsunami could increase the growth and yield kipas merah soybean variety. The application of AMF 15 g/plant and affected soil was the best treatment.
Multiple bud clumps induction of banana cv. Barangan Merah (Musa acuminate Colla.) under in vitro treatment of benzyl amino purine and indole-3 acetic acid
Authors: Setyowati M , Efendi E , Bakhtiar B , Kesumawati E
Published: June 2023

Cultivar Barangan is one of the famous banana plants that has good taste and price. The disadvantages of this banana is susceptible to Fusarium disease. Tissue culture techniques is one ways of plants propagation for this plant. This study is aimed to determine the effective concentration of benzyl amino purines (BAP) and indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) for optimal multiple bud clumps (MBC) induction in explants of Barangan Merah banana. The Research was carried out at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The research design was a completely randomized design, 3x2 factorial. BAP concentration was the first factor, i.e. 5, 10 and 15 mg L−1. The second factor was the concentration of IAA, i.e. 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1. The results of this research showed that 96,29% explants of all treatments survived. Explant contamination was 11,11% occurred by bacteria and brownish exudate that spread to the medium. MBC are significantly increased at 16 days after induction at concentration of BAP 5 mg L−1 + IAA 0.5 mg L−1. All combinations of BAP and IAA concentrations have produced MBC explants (100%) at eighth weeks after induction. The concentration of 5 mg L−1 BAP + 0.5 mg L−1 IAA resulted the highest shoots number. Analysis of variance and Least Significant Different further test showed that the longest of shoot length was founding the concentration of 5 mg L−1 BAP compared to other treatments. Increasing concentrations of BAP 10 mg L−1and 15 mg L−1 resulted in significantly lower shoot length. It can be concluded that taken together the concentration of 5 mg L−1 BAP + 0.5 mg L−1 IAA is the best to effectively multiple bud clumps induction in explants of Barangan Merah banana through tissue culture technique.
Effects of flour, dye and binder types on the proximate properties of analog rice
Authors: Anwar S H , Noviasari S , Assyifa P S , Agustina N , Rohaya S
Published: June 2023

Various types of non-rice food in Indonesia can be used produced analog rice, which is more nutritious than rice to support diversification programs in Indonesia. Taro flour and breadfruit flour are local carbohydrate sources that can be processed into analog rice. To improve the attractiveness of analog rice and enrich its nutritional content, natural food dyes are usually added. Binders are also used to modify the texture and cohesiveness of analog rice. The aimed of this research to determine the proximate properties of analog rice made from taro and breadfruit flours with addition of natural dyes and binders. This study tested three variables namely: the type of flour (taro and breadfruit), type of dye (beetroot and butterfly pea flower), and type of binder (CMC and carrageenan). The results showed that analog rice had an average water content of 3.25%, ash content of 2.72%, protein content of 7.66%, fat content of 2.00%, and carbohydrate content of 82.64%. The best formula was analog rice prepared from a combination of breadfruit flour, beetroot, and CMC with moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate contents of 3.17%, 2.96%, 1.41%, 8.17%, and 82.65%, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the carbohydrate source of taro and breadfruit flour with the addition of natural dyes of beetroot and butterfly pea flower, as well as using CMC and carrageenan can produce analog rice that has good nutritional content (proximate properties).
Trunk injection fertilization to enhance average bunch weight of palm oil for sustainable water management
Authors: Ginting C , Astuti Y T M , Suparyanto T , Sudigyo D , Pardamean B
Published: June 2023

Groundwater contamination due to nutrient contamination from inefficient fertilization processes can reduce oil palm productivity. In overcoming this problem, a simple and low-budget fertilization method, namely trunk injection, was applied to maintain the productivity of oil palm plants and was environmentally friendly. Therefore, trunk injection as a simple method was applied to increase the quantity and quality of the bunch average weight of palm oil to support the sustainable management of groundwater availability. The research was conducted from April 2019 to April 2020. The location of the oil palm plantation is in the Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. The nutrients used as a nutrient solution consist of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mo. Bunch Average Weight (BAW) wasmeasured 7, 8, and 9 months following application with 15 x harvest rotations. The distribution of data for 15 times of BAW rotation showed that the standard deviation, standarderror, and range in the trunk injection treatment tended to produce a more sloping graph than what occurred in the control subjects. Nutritional injection tended to increase the BAW weight in contrast to trees without nutrient injection (control).
Determinants of Consumer Demand and Preference on Banana Chips in Central Aceh District
Authors: Hikmah H , Fadli F , Fitri I , Kusuma H , Maulana O , Bagio B
Published: June 2023

Chips agroindustry is one of the potential businesses to be developed in Central Aceh Regency, but its development efforts are still faced with various obstacles, including; policy development has notbeen carried out in an integrated and focused manner. The demand for banana chips in Pegasing District is influenced by four factors, namely the price of banana chips, the price of cassava chips, income, and the number of dependents. Based on the results of the regression analysis, the value of sig F is smaller than alpha (0.000 < 0.05), which means that simultaneously these factors have a significant effect on the demand for banana chips in Pegasing District. The results of the partial analysis are only income variables, number of dependents and tastes that have a significant or significant effect on the demand for banana chips in Pegasing District because the sig t value of the three variables is smaller than the alpha value (0.000 < 0.05). Based on qualitative descriptive analysis through consumer responses to the attributes of banana chips, it is known that the attributes of banana chips that become consumer preferences are banana chips with a savory banana chips taste, the shape of banana chips that are wholeround and also those that have a dry texture, not rancid and the level of crispness of the chips. tall banana. The consumer’s attitude towards the attribute of banana chips that is most considered in purchasing decisions of banana chips in Pegsing Regency is taste. The index of consumer attitudes towards the attributes considered in the decision to purchase banana chips in Pegasing District, from the highest to the lowest, are taste (I), texture (II), and shape (III).
Determination of green and red spinach microgreen chlorophyll content using visible spectroscopy and wavelength selection
Authors: Nugroho E , Zahra A M , Masithoh R E , Simatupang H K , Sinaga A N K , Pitaloka N D , Pahlawan M F R , Rahmawati L
Published: June 2023

Microgreens are quickly-grown greens that are suitable for urban areas. The accumulation of chlorophyll in plants is essential for both nutritional compounds and the microgreen’s attractive appearance. A plant factory is a controlled-environment cultivation method that employs LEDs to enhance photosynthesis, vegetative development, seed germination, and chlorophyll accumulation. This work used VIS-NIR for the quantitative determination of chlorophyll content in green and red spinach microgreens grown under four different LED light intensities with four different ratios, with 100% blue, red, and white LED, and 67%:20%:13% of red:blue: white LED, as artificial grow for 12 hours illumination. The performance of MSC, AN, SNV, smoothing, and the first and second Savitzky-Golay’s derivatives (SGD) were examined. PLSR explained accurately predicted R2C, R2P, RMSEC, and RMSEP up to 0.957, 0.892, 1.054, and 1.661 for chlorophyll a using SGD 1st; 0.813, 0.652, 0.979, and 1.338 for chlorophyll b using SNV; and 0.931, 0.876, 1.155, and 1.550 for total chlorophyll using SNV. The wavelength region of 400 to 700 nm was dominant based on the best regression coefficient (β) for predicting green and red spinach microgreens. Results demonstrated that VIS-NIR spectroscopy, combined with chemometric techniques, PLSR, can be used to evaluate the chlorophyll content of green and red spinach microgreens.
Quality of beef sausage with kecombrang flower extract (Etlingera elanor) addition
Authors: Mariana E , Mustafid D , Bakar A A
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding kecombrang flower (Etlingera elator) on the quality of beef sausage. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 four treatments, namely P0 (without the addition of kecombrang flower), P1 (addition of 5% kecombrang flower), P2 (addition of 10% kecombrang flower), and P3 (addition of 15% kecombrang flower). Parameters observed were water, ash, protein, and carbohydrate content. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the different means were tested by the Duncan’s multiple-distance test. The results showed that the kecombrang flower extract addition in the beef sausage had no significant effect on the ash-, protein-, and carbohydrate content, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on water content. The best water content (54.70%) was obtained from the 15% kecombrang flower extract addition. The conclusion is that the addition of kecombrang flower extract in sausages can reduce the water content and quality of sausages with the addition of kecombrang flowers which are included in the normal category or meet the standards of SNI01-3820-2015.
Chemical characteristics of three variations of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) flour with physical modifications
Authors: Fadhli M K , Arpi N , Noviasari S
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine the chemical characteristics of three variations of sweet potato flour with three physical modifications. Purple, orange, and white sweet potatoes were used, and the modifications of starch were conducted using Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT), Annealing Method (AM), and Preheating Method (PM). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Analysis of Variance. Based on the research results, physical modification of sweet potato flour variations on the characteristics of physicochemical properties had a very significant (P< 0.05) effect on yield, water content, and starch content. However, the physical modification of sweet potato flour variations on the characteristics of physicochemical properties did not significantly affect (P>0.05) fat and protein content. The results showed that the highest average yield of 21.78% was obtained by using PM. The highest water content of 7.28% was obtained using AM, and the highest fat content of 2.29% was obtained using PM. The highest protein content of 4.47% was obtained by using HMT, and the highest starch content of 71.23% was obtained using AM and PM. The best physical modification method was the PM, with a yield of 21.78%, fat content of 2.29%, and starch content of 71.23%.
Organoleptic test on the quality of cut roses (Rosa hybrida L.) due to the effect of various types of natural preservative solutions and immersion times
Authors: Hayati R , Rahmawati M , Yamani P N S A
Published: June 2023

The rose, liked by many people, is a flower that is famous for its beauty. However, the beauty of roses cannot last long because the relatively short period of freshness. One effort that can be done to extend the freshness period is to use a preservative solution. Natural ingredients can be used for preservative solutions because they are cheap and easy to obtain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of natural ingredients in the preservative solution and soaking time on the organoleptic quality of cut roses. This research was conducted at the Horticulture Laboratory, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam Banda Aceh from December 2021 - January 2022. The factors studied were the type of natural preservative solution which consisted of 4 levels (control, 10% granulated sugar solution + 5% lemon extract, 40% young coconut water + 30% betel leaf boiled water and 10% sugar solution + 40% young coconut water + 30% betel leaf boiled water + 5% lemon extract) and immersion time consisting of 3 levels (2, 4 and 6 hours). The results showed that the type of natural preservative solution and immersion time had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the organoleptic test. It was indicated by the results that the panelists preferred flowers immersed with 40% young coconut water + 30% betel leaf boiled water solution in 2 hours immersion.
The effectiveness of the doses of the biological agent Talaromyces pinophilus to control the dieback disease on nutmeg seedling
Authors: Susanna  , Hasnah  , Salvira Henna Irda
Published: June 2023

The nutmeg plant (Myristica fragrans houtt) is a native plant of Maluku Province, Indonesia, which has historical and economic value and is also an important export commodity. The decline in nutmeg productivity in Aceh Province was due to dieback disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Currently control with antagonistic agents has been widely developed, one of them is with Talaromyces pinophilus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the dose of Talaromyces pinophilus in controlling dieback disease on nutmeg seedlings. The design used was a non-factorial completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The variables observed in this study were incubation period, disease incidence, and length of xylem discoloration. The results showed that T. pinophilus 30 g could significantly prolong the incubation period of L. theobromae, which was 68.65 days, reduced the incidence of disease by 20% and the length of the lesion formed was 0.73 cm.
Physical, thermal and functional groups’ characteristics of biofoam cup made from coconut fibre waste, soy flour and Rhizopus oligosporus
Authors: Yunita D , Indarti E , Rafiqah R , Darurrachmi D , Lahmer R A
Published: June 2023

Biofoam is a replacement packaging for Styrofoam made from natural fibres that are naturally biodegradable and food-safe. Many studies use chemicals and starch as a matrix adhesive in the manufacture of biofoam. In previous studies, biofoam cups have been developed using the mold Rhizopus oligosporus which is found in coconut fibre. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical, thermal and functional groups’ characteristics in order to determine the most durable biofoam cup. The mixtures of fibre, tempeh mold, and soy flour were fermented for 3 days at 35°C in two stacked plastic cups and were dried for 46 hours at 50°C to stop the fermentation process. The biofoam cups were then analysed for the physical, thermal and functional groups’ characteristics. The most favourable characteristics of the biofoam cup is not easily destroyed and resistant to heat. The results showed that it had 0.08 g/cm3 ± 0.1 g/cm3 of density and 320.54°C of thermal gravimetry analysis. It also had a hydroxyl functional group (O-H) at wave number 3273.20 cm−1, an alkyl group (C-H) at wave number 2937.59 cm−1, a carbonyl group (C=O) at wave number 1654.92 cm−1, 1535.34 cm−1, and 1259.52 cm−1, and the C-O functional group at the wave number 1060.85 cm−1.
Effect of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel and pulp on jelly candy chemical composition and acceptance
Authors: Nurhafsah N , Laboko A I , Gobel D G , Fitriawaty  , Novitasari E , Muazam A , Andriani I , Rahmi R
Published: June 2023

Dragon fruit (H. polyrhizus) is one type of fruit that is favored by many people. It has a dietary fiber content of 10.1 g/100 g; vitamin A 102.13 µg/100 g; vitamin C 420.27 µg/100 g and vitamin E 105.67 µg/100gr. This study aimed to determine the effect of the peel and pulp of red dragon fruit addition on the chemical composition of jelly candy and the acceptance of panelists. Different percentage of red dragon fruit pulp (50 g, 55 g, 60 g, and 65 g) was added to jelly candy. The study was performed by using completely randomized design with four replicates and data was analyzed by using SPSS 22. Chemical composition measured were water content, vitamin C and sugar content. Then, the 25 panelists used a five-point hedonic scale to evaluate the rate of acceptance toward dragon fruit jelly candy including texture, aroma, color and taste. The highest acceptance rate of jelly candy was the P3 treatment with a composition of 150 g dragon fruit peel + 60 g dragon fruit pulp + 290 g sugar flour. The chemical composition of P3 jelly candy was water content of 25.6%, sugar content of 53.7%, and vitamin C of 0.03%.
Polyurethane membrane: regeneration and chemical resistance
Authors: Nurman S , Saiful S , Ginting B , Rahmi R , Marlina
Published: June 2023

The use of polyurethane membranes is inseparable from its several advantages, including the use of minimal energy, the use of fewer additional chemicals, and having good chemical resistance. The polyurethane membrane synthesized using red seaweed biomass (PUM-RSB) in this study was used as a filter in the ammonia filtration process in water. The specific objective of this research is to regenerate and test the chemical resistance of polyurethane membranes, in this study, an acid solution (H2SO4) and a salt solution (NaCl) were used for washing PUM-RSB, because it uses the principle of desorption from the ionic bonds formed or in other words ion exchange, characterization of functional groups shows that there is no change in structure, but a change in transmittance value (%T) between the polyurethane membranes before and after the washing process. The chemical resistance of PUM-RSB was evaluated in a solution of 3% HCl, 3% KOH, Aquadest, 50% Methanol, 5% NaCl, Fertilized soil and ordinary soil. PUM-RSB can be washed using 0.1N H2SO4 solution to regenerate the performance of the membrane, PUM-RSB tends to be resistant to some chemicals by experiencing weight loss of about 4-5% during one month of storage. The polyurethane membrane produced from red seaweed biomass has resistance to several chemicals, besides that the polyurethane membrane can be regenerated by a washing process. So that polyurethane membranes have the potential to be applied in various environmental conditions.
Studies on the antioxidant activity of safrole, myristicin and terpeniol from myristica fragrans houtt: a review
Authors: Khairan K , Ginting B , Sufriadi E , Amalia A , Sofyan H , Muhammad S , Diah M , Ernawati E
Published: June 2023

This review aimed to assess the antioxidant properties of safrole, myristicin, and terpineol from Myristica fragrans Houtt. Safrole exhibited high antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against numerous cancer cell lines and also shown able to suppress tumor cell angiogenesis. Myristicin is able to increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) or glutathione-disulfide-reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Myristicin is also able to reduce the level of lipid peroxidation (LP) or lipid degradation. Terpineol or also known as alpha terpineol (α-T) revealed high antioxidant and cytostatic activities against several human cancer cell lines, especially breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and myeloid leukemia (K-562).
Fabrication of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane for reducing organic compounds in water
Authors: Lubis M R , Suraiya S , Fazira F , Dasmara A N H , Zuhra Z , Muhammad A , Hidayat M H , Rosnelly C M , Syamsuddin Y , Sofyana S , Fathanah U
Published: June 2023

Research has been carried out on hydrophobic membranes based on polyethersulfone (PES) polymers using Mg(OH)2 additives. PES membranes are made by blending polymers using Mg(OH)2 additive because structurally bound OH groups play an important role. In addition, Mg(OH)2 is also cheap and easy to obtain and non-toxic. This study aims to improve the performance of PES membranes, by studying the effect of adding Mg(OH)2 additives into the membrane system which was evaluated by analyzing changes in surface shape using scanning electron microscope, changes in chemical structure using ATR-FTIR, membrane porosity, and membrane mechanical properties. The performance of the membrane being reviewed is water permeability testing and rejection of organic compounds. The results of SEM photos showed that the addition of additives affects changes in the membrane structure, where large macrovoids formed on the modified membrane decreases the tensile strength of the membrane. Additives also increases the porosity of the membrane in the range of 12–40%. The addition of additives also leads to an increase in membrane performance, with a higher permeability of 56.4 L/m2·h·bar with 65% rejection. These findings indicate that PES ultrafiltration membrane with Mg(OH)2 additive can be used to reduce organic compounds in water.
Effect of microwave drying pretreatment prior to soxhlet extraction of coffee oil
Authors: Adriyanti H , Rizkia G , Syamsuddin Y , Satriana S , Supardan M D
Published: June 2023

To increase the effectiveness of the coffee oil processing process in drying coffee beans, in this study, pretreatment drying using a microwave was evaluated. The drying method using a microwave was carried out with three power inputs. After the drying process, it was followed by roasting and grinding process of the coffee beans. Then the coffee beans were extracted so that the oil was obtained. From the process of drying coffee beans using a microwave with 3 variations of input power, namely MH, MM, and ML, from the initial moisture content of 56.75%, the moisture content was 7.29% in a row; 8.32%; and 10.32%. Meanwhile, from the results of the extraction of coffee beans in the three variations of the drying process, the yield of coffee oil was 16.936%, 16.448%, and 2.534%, respectively. It can be seen that the input power in the microwave drying process greatly affects the results of decreasing the moisture content of coffee beans and the yield of coffee oil. In addition, from the process that has been carried out, it can be seen that the fatty acid content obtained in coffee oil was high. So that the drying process carried out using a microwave is very effective to do in producing coffee oil with high yields.
Climate change: challenges and limitations in agriculture
Authors: Keutgen A J
Published: June 2023

Climate has always been changing, but the current changes and climate models indicate a significant and rapid increase of temperatures, atmospheric CO2 concentration, shifts in precipitation patterns and consequently a higher frequency, duration and intensity of climate extremes (frost, heat and drought periods, heavy precipitation, hail, storms, floods, storm surges, etc.). Thus, agriculture on the whole but also agro-ecosystems are very susceptible and highly vulnerable to the effects of these changes. The scenarios for climate development in Austria also follow the global trends. Increasing temperatures in combination with more frequent heat waves, water shortage and drought events will be the most serious constraints on growth and quality of many crop plants. However, such changes do not result only in the negative effects. Higher average temperatures accelerate the development of many plants. The increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere to a certain extent may stimulate plant growth (fertilization effect) combined with an increased water use efficiency. The cultivation period is longer and the winters milder and wetter, which may allow new cultivation time and forms as well as new species. For agriculture, several adaptive strategies are possible, which include but are not limited to plant breeding, choice of plant species and variety as well as soil and cultivation management. However, the extent to which negative and positive climate impacts will strongly influence the agriculture in the given area is still largely unknown, but will be of crucial importance for the prediction of future crop yields.
Contribution of the effect of cow manure and biofertilizer bio-extrim and their interaction on the performance of Brassica chinensis L.
Authors: Malau S , Pangaribuan P H , Tampubolon B , Sihotang M R
Published: June 2023

Pakchoy (Brassica chinensis L. or Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) experienced a decreased production and productivity. Sustainable agriculture could be the solution using organic fertilizer cow manure and biofrtilizer Bio-ekstrim. The objective of this research was to determinine the contribution of the effect of manure of cow and bio-extrim and their interaction on the performance of Pakchoy. A factorial randomized complete block design with three replications was used at the experimental garden of Agriculture Faculty of Universitas HKBP Nommensen in Medan. Pakchoy seeds of Nauli F1 variety was used. Ripe manure of cow was used at 0, 10, 20, and 30 t/ha. Bio-extreme dosage were of 0, 50, and 100 l/ha. Observed data were plant height, number of leaf, weight of the whole plant on the harvest plot, and selling weight of the plants. The result revealed that the estimated variance component of the blocks, manure of cow, Bio-ekstrim, and error contributed 1.97, 72.50, 0.28, 9.74, and 15.50% to total variation (100%). The combination of manure of cow (30 t/ha) and Bio-ekstrim (50 l/ha) was the best to produce the highest selling weight of the plants i.e 15.14 t/ha.
Mitigation of drought disaster in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor l. Moench) in Ultisol soil with application of soil amendments and NPK for diversification and improvement of food security
Authors: Ichsan C N , Mahfira W S , Halim A , Juliawati J
Published: June 2023

Drought is a common obstacle in crop cultivation. One third of the world’s food land is experiencing drought, which is increasing from year to year. Mitigation measures are needed to maintain national food security. The use of compost and biochar on Ultisol soils can increase crop yields and productivity under drought stress. Research on Jantho Ultisol soil with low fertility using a soil amadement of 10 t. ha−1, compost can increase soil pH from 4.57 to 5.97 at 50% field capacity soil moisture, an increase in sorghum yield from 1.54 t.ha−1 to 3.37 t.ha−1. Application of biochar 10 t.ha−1 increased pH from 4.57 to 5.03 at 50% field capacity soil moisture, an increase in yield from 1.5 4 t.ha−1 to 2.65 t.ha−1 with 600 kg ha−1 NP K fertilization at 50% soil field capacity moisture. The application of compost and biochar was effective in increasing soil pH and sorghum yield on Ultisol soil. This has mitigated the impact of drought and is an opportunity to increase productivity, diversify of food to increase food security towards food sustainability.
Template matching method to determine oil palm trees
Authors: Oya N , Rusdi M , Fazlina Y D , Sugianto S
Published: June 2023

Palm oil is one of the leading plantation sectors in Indonesia. Palm oil product which consists of crude palm oil and palm kernel oil has a high economic value. Indonesia has an area of 34.18% of the world’s oil palm plantations. Aceh province is recorded to have an area of oil palm reaching 488 thousand hectares in 2020, with an area of oil palm plantations owned by Indonesia, especially Aceh, making a palm oil counting process to calculate the amount of fertilizer used in each tree circumference and calculate the amount of oil palm production into work which takes time and price is quite expensive. The purpose of this study is to counting the number of oil palms by using the template matching method on aerial photo images. The template matching method consists of 3 stages of analysis, that is: Select sample, Generate templates, and Test template. The result of this study obtained 9.558 oil palm trees, but it is still necessary to edit the attribute because there are some trees that are not detected and there are two points on the tree one plant.
Purification of local upland rice seeds based on morphological characteristics
Authors: Wijayanto T , Suryaningsih S , Setiawan A , Boer D , Arsyad M A , Rahni N M , Dedu L A , Asniah A , Satrah V N
Published: June 2023

This research is directed to overcome the problem of upland rice seeds that are no longer pure, because they have been mixed with other types of rice seeds, which can result in a decrease in the quality or nature of superior upland rice which is already favorable by the community. Seed purification is needed to restore the purity of the seeds of superior local upland rice lines. Another target of this research is to produce basic seeds of pure local upland rice lines (without mixture), which are needed for further breeding programs, or for the purpose of releasing varieties, as well as for production purposes for consumption. This study aims to select and detect the same/uniform morphological characteristics of local upland rice in each seed lot and to find out which seed lots show high uniformity. The experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 20 seed lots as treatment and each seed lot was made into a so-called “grid” (replication) of 3 grids. This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory, Experimental Garden II, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. Observational data were analyzed with variance and qualitative characters were converted to binary data and analyzed by the NTSYS program. If there is a significant effect, then proceed with the Scott Knott group test (α = 0.05). The results showed a very significant effect on the variables of flowering age, productive tillers and flag leaf angle, and no significant effect on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, harvest age, panicle length, flag leaf area, total grain per panicle and percentage of grain. per panicle.
Biology aphis gosypii on pogostemon cablin
Authors: Pramayudi N , Husni H , Nasution S S , Istiqomah N
Published: June 2023

Aphids (Aphis gossypii) are the main problem in patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin). The presence of aphids on patchouli plants is very worried by farmers, because it can damage patchouli plants by feeding the leaf which can reduces plant growth. Therefore, it is neccesary to learn more about biological of A. gossypii on patchouli plants. A gossypii was taken from Nino Park, Syiah Kuala University and Lamteuba, Aceh Besar. The patchouli used was the result of maintaining cuttings for two months to be used as an object of observation. Infestation A gossypii was carried out in 10 observation polybags. Observations were made by looking at the development time of A. gossypii including the nymph phase (instar I-IV) and imago A. gossypii. The experiment showed that the life cycle of A. gossypii lasted for 23.8 ± 4.76 days. A. gossypii had four instar stages, duration time needed each instar is 2 days, it means the duration of nymphal stage A. gossypii on patchouli is 8.8 days. The lifecyle of imago A. gossypii is 15 days. There were two types of imago, winged and wingless aphids imago, caused the population density of aphids on a plant.
Dried nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) derivatives products processing in Tapaktuan District, South Aceh Regency
Authors: Armita D Y , Sulaiman I , Munawar A A
Published: June 2023

Nutmeg is one of the spice plants that can be found in the province of Aceh, nutmeg is processed into snacks managed by cooperatives small and medium enterprises. Due to a large number of nutmeg, processing into snacks is one of the regional economic empowerment. In this study, an analysis of the supply chain distribution of candied nutmeg and the level of consumer preference for processed nutmeg fruit into snacks was carried out. Processing of snacks in the form of dry nutmeg. The sample used is 14 units of cooperatives small and medium enterprises that are active in production in South Aceh. Acceptance and value of selling prices from upstream to downstream so that it affects the results of production carried out by producers to consumers. The sample generated from 14 small business units was tested on the level of consumer preference by using 25 panellists who were grouped into teenagers, adults and old consumers. The results of this study indicate that one small and medium-sized business has the highest score (UD Cahaya) in achieving the level of consumer preference. The selling price of these snacks at the production site is Rp. 4.000,- and the selling price reaches Rp. 5.000,- per pack.
The potential of rosella (hibiscus sabdariffa L) petals juice inoptimizing the profile of fermented goat’s milk
Authors: Yurliasni Y , Hanum Z , Dzarnisa D , Jannah S S , Simamora A
Published: June 2023

A study on the potential of rosella flower petal (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L) juice in optimizing the profile of fermented goat’s milk has been conducted at the Science and Technology of Milk Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala Banda Aceh Darussalam. The purpose of this study was to examine the profile of fermented goat’s milk with the addition of rosella flower petal juice. In this case, the lactic acid bacteria used was Lactobacillus plantarum. Furthermore, this study applied a completely randomized research design consisting of 5 (five) treatments, namely P0 = control, P1 = 2.5% rosella petal juice, P2 = 5% rosella petal juice, P3 = 7.5% rosella petal juice, and P4 = 10% rosella petal juice, and each treatment was repeated 4 times. Starter L. plantarum was used with a 5% level. Parameters measured were pH value, lactic acid content, total plate count (TPC), vitamin C content, and the level of syneresis of fermented milk. The results showed that the addition of rosella petal juice with different percentages had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on increasing vitamin C levels, significantly increasing lactic acid levels (P<0.05), and reducing syneresis levels, but had no effect on pH and TPC. The highest levels of Vit C and lactic acid and the lowest levels of syneresis were obtained by adding 10% rosella petal juice. It can be concluded that the results obtained still meet SNI standards and the addition of 10% rosella flower petal juice produced fermented goat’s milk with the best profile.
Effect of wet fermented diet containing a combination of maggot flour (Hermetia ilucen) and active digestive enzymes on growth and protein retention of hybrid chickens in the early phase of growth
Authors: Yaman M A , Yunita T , Daud M , Jeksi S
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effect and level of wet fermented feed containing a combination of maggot flour (Hermetia illucen) and active digestive enzymes on the growth and protein retention of early-phase on hybrid chickens. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 ration treatments and 4 replications. The treatment rations used were: P0 (100% commercial/control feed), P1 (wet fermented feed + 9% maggot flour and 0.5 %), P2 (wet fermented feed + 12% maggot flour and 1% bioresic), P3 (Wet fermented feed). The parameters: ration consumption, weight gain, final body weight, ration conversion and protein retention. The results showed that fermented diet contained maggot flour with different feeding levels and active digestive enzymes had no significant effect (P>0.05) on final body weight, weight gain feed consumption, feed conversion and protein retention of hybrid chickens on 12 weeks of age. However, it had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the weight gain of hybrid chickens on 6 weeks of week. It was concluded that the use of 9-12% maggot flour and 1% active digestive enzymes did not have a negative effect on the growth and protein retention of 12-week-old hybrid chickens and could compensate and replace the role of commercial diet in stimulating the growth in early phase of hybrid chickens.
Gayo horse development strategy as a cultural value of local animal genetic resources in Southeast Aceh
Authors: Koesmara H , Gaznur Z M , Ammar M , Abubakar A , Sari E M
Published: June 2023

Gayo horse is one of the livestock commodities developed in Southeast Aceh. This is supported by the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic o f Indonesia. number 1054/Kpts/SR.120/10/2014 which stipulates the gayo horse as an animal genetic resource for the local Indonesian horse family with distribution in the d i s t r i c t s of Central Aceh, Bener Meriah, Gayo Lues and Southeast Aceh. This study aims to determine the role of the existence of the gayo horse for the Alas tribe that has cultural value and is prospective and to determine the strategy for developing the gayo horse in the area of Southeast A c e h Regency. Collecting data using survey method. The research location was determined using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with 30 respondents of Gayo horse breeders based on the research instrument. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The results showed that the characteristics of breeders were male with the highest average in the age group of 45-65 years, the lack of breeders in the productive age range was influenced by the influence of outside culture which was very fast in eroding the noble values of the area. The average number of breeders in the research location has experience of raising horses for 10–20 years (17%) and the number of horse ownership under 5 has the highest percentage (36%) 40% have high school education, and 88% are breeder’s horses have never attended technical training in the field of animal husbandry, 92% o f breeders keep gayo horses as a means of cultural ceremonies. The prospect of gayo horses in Southeast Aceh Regency is very high because it is very closely related to community activities that are still closely related to cultural activities that also use horses as mounts during traditional events such as pemamanan, turun mandi and antat takhuh with an average of ceremonial activities reaching 15-40 times per month for 11 months per year. Through the approach of cultural values, it is one of the efforts to maintain and maintain the existence of the gayo horse species in Southeast Aceh Regency.
Gas production of four tropical algae species in vitro
Authors: Hidayah N , Noviandi C T , Indarto E , Kustantinah
Published: June 2023

Studies on identifying numerous algae species to study the digestibility of the rumen have yet to be widely reported, especially with the numerous algae from tropical oceans. This experimentation was created to assess the gas production of four tropical algae species from Kelapa beach, Tuban, East Java, in vitro. The study used a randomized block design with four treatments (four algae species: Laminaria sp., Padina australis, Eucheuma cottonii, and Gracilaria sp.) and four replicas. The variables kept included gas production (measurement at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, from an easily degraded fraction (a), from a potentially degraded fraction (b), rate of gas production of b fraction, and total fraction degraded and fermented (a+b fraction). Data was applied operating Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for the significantly different data, and DMRT was applied to compare the treatments’ means. Laminaria sp. resulted in the highest gas production at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation time, highest total gas production, easily degraded fraction, potentially degraded fraction, and total fraction degraded and fermented than others, in difference with Gracilaria sp. resulted in the lowest of the parameters. It is supposed that the brown algae (Laminaria sp. and Padina australis) had more prospects of being degraded in the rumen than red algae (Eucheuma cottonii and Gracilaria sp.)
Integration of rice-duck on growth and yield of paddy crops (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Azizi M , Syamsuddin S , Basyah B
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of the number of ducks on the growth and yield of paddy. This research was conducted in Paloh Village, Samalanga District, Bireuen Regency. This research started from July to November 2021. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments of this experiments were the number of ducks per hectare, namely control (without ducks), 1,200 ducks.ha−1(3 ducks/Plot), 1,600 ducks.ha−1 (4 ducks/Plot), 2,000 ducks.ha−1 (5 ducks/ha Plot), 2,400 ducks.ha−1 (6 ducks/Plot), and 2,800 ducks.ha−1 (7 ducks/Plot). The experimental plots size were 5.0 m x 5.0 m and each plot was fenced with plastics. The observation parameters are plant heights, number of tillers, weight of ducks, weed population, number of snails, panicles numbers, panicles length, filled grain weight, empty grain weight, 1000 grains weight, yield potential, and rice yield. The results of this study showed the number of duck on paddy crops had a very significant effect on the parameters of plant height and the number of tillers at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting, filled grain, yield potential, rice yield, duck weight, number of snails, but had no significant effect on the plant biomass (dry weight) parameters, panicles number, panicles length, empty grain weight, and 1000 grain weight and was able to suppress weed populations accurately.