bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Globally Operating Salesforce Staff by Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods
Authors: Polakova Gabriela
Published: January 2020

Business managers, globally sales executives operating worldwide, representing brands and good reputation of international companies are a special group of staff needing especially flexible working conditions to do their job all over the world. The evaluation and rewarding of their performance is globally linked to achieving business targets. How evaluate results of all involved staff working on different international markets as one set of so many variants and criteria with ensuring transparency, objectivity and fairness? The solution is found in multiple attribute decision methods (MADM). The aim of the paper is to evaluate a group of salesforce staff making international business world-wide by using MADM to identify and reward the best sales executives and at the same time manage to make them to feel be valued for their well-done work, efforts and achievements. Two methods of multiple attribute decision making were used for this evaluation – the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Weighted Sum Approach (WSA). The results of both methods were compared and the more suitable method for this universal application practicable world-wide in terms of the processing complexity and the user friendliness was chosen and recommended. The bonus scheme is based on a healthy competition for sales executives, on a motivation to grow up and gain better results to get additional special bonus beyond the standard rewards for meeting performance targets. Part of this papers is the proposal of flexible bonuses for reached positions in the ranking of evaluated employees.
Doubled aspects of Vaisman algebroid and gauge symmetry in double field theory
Authors: Mori Haruka , Sasaki Shin , Shiozawa Kenta
Published: January 2020

The metric algebroid proposed by Vaisman (the Vaisman algebroid) governs the gauge symmetry algebra generated by the C-bracket in double field theory (DFT). We show that the Vaisman algebroid is obtained by an analog of the Drinfel’d double of Lie algebroids. Based on a geometric realization of doubled space-time as a para-Hermitian manifold, we examine exterior algebras and a para-Dolbeault cohomology on DFT and discuss the structure of the Drinfel’d double behind the DFT gauge symmetry. Similar to the Courant algebroid in the generalized geometry, Lagrangian sub-bundles (L,L̃) in a para-Hermitian manifold play Dirac-like structures in the Vaisman algebroid. We find that an algebraic origin of the strong constraint in DFT is traced back to the compatibility condition needed for (L,L̃) to be a Lie bialgebroid. The analysis provides a foundation toward the “coquecigrue problem” for the gauge symmetry in DFT.
Global existence and asymptotic behavior for the 3D compressible magneto-micropolar fluids in a bounded domain
Authors: Xu Qiuju , Tan Zhong , Wang Huaqiao
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the global existence and asymptotic behavior of the initial boundary value problem for the 3D compressible magnetomicropolar fluids. Based on the delicate energy estimates over the region away from the boundary and near the boundary, we obtain the global existence, uniqueness and exponential convergence rates of strong solutions in a bounded domain.
XRISE-M: X-radiography facility for solidification and diffusion studies of alloys aboard sounding rockets
Authors: Kargl F. , Drescher J. , Dreißigacker C. , Balter M. , Becker M. , Wegener M. , Sondermann E.
Published: January 2020

A compact fully protected microfocus X-radiography facility (XRISE-M) is presented for the study of microstructure evolution during the solidification of thin liquid alloy samples and chemical diffusion in liquid binary alloys in situ and in real-time aboard a sounding rocket. XRISE-M presently enables the simultaneous processing of either two near-isothermal solidification furnaces or a combination of a linear-shear cell diffusion furnace and a near-isothermal solidification furnace. For optimal detector calibration shortly before flight, the furnaces can be rotated around the central beam axis and calibration images can be recorded. The facility allows preheating the samples into the liquid state prior to lift-off without leakage during the ascent phase at accelerations of up to 27 g. Macrosegregation on remelting of thin metal samples for microstructure evolution investigations is prevented by an inclinable furnace metric. The use of ion-getter pumps for vacuum generation enables us to exploit the entire available time of reduced gravity for image recording and data acquisition. With the device and currently available sample environments, microstructure formation upon solidification and chemical diffusion under purely diffusive conditions in alloys can be investigated. The facility can be used equally for other investigations such as granular matter dynamics or metal foaming, provided that suitable experiment inserts are developed in the future.
Measurements of fluctuating lift forces on rectangular cylinders in turbulent flow
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Mingshui , Kim Ho-Kyung , Li Ming
Published: January 2020

The fluctuating lift on a rectangular cylinder induced by turbulent flow is investigated by force measurement experiments. A square uniform grid is installed downstream of the entrance of the working section of the wind tunnel to generate approximately homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. The rectangular cylinder models of two different cross sections (width to depth ratio B/D = 5, 10) are tested in the experiments. Each rectangular cross section has two aspect ratios (length to width ratio θ = 1, 7) and a fixed width (B = 0.15 m). The measurements include the spectra of fluctuating lift force and vertical turbulent velocity component. From these measurements, the experimental values of generalized transfer functions of these rectangular cylinder models are obtained, which are compared with the calculated values based on three aerodynamic force theories. The one-wavenumber transfer functions and the spanwise influence terms of these rectangular cylinders are used in the calculations, which were determined by the pressure measurement experiments in the previous work. Comparisons of the measured and calculated values of generalized transfer functions demonstrate that the three-dimensional theory is satisfactory and confirm that the one-wavenumber transfer functions and spanwise influence terms determined by the pressure measurements are valid. The results also show that both the two-dimensional theory and the strip theory would overestimate the generalized transfer function, but for the rectangular cylinder with the larger aspect ratio, the strip theory is very close to the three-dimensional theory. The one-wavenumber transfer functions of these rectangular cylinders are therefore determined based on the strip theory. This indicates that the approximate approach to determination of the one-wavenumber transfer function, which was proposed for an airfoil in the previous work, could also be applicable to bluff bodies.
An accelerated linear method for optimizing non-linear wavefunctions in variational Monte Carlo
Authors: Sabzevari Iliya , Mahajan Ankit , Sharma Sandeep
Published: January 2020

Although the linear method is one of the most robust algorithms for optimizing nonlinearly parametrized wavefunctions in variational Monte Carlo, it suffers from a memory bottleneck due to the fact that at each optimization step, a generalized eigenvalue problem is solved in which the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices are stored in memory. Here, we demonstrate that by applying the Jacobi-Davidson algorithm, one can solve the generalized eigenvalue problem iteratively without having to build and store the matrices in question. The resulting direct linear method greatly lowers the cost and improves the scaling of the algorithm with respect to the number of parameters. To further improve the efficiency of optimization for wavefunctions with a large number of parameters, we use the first order method AMSGrad far from the minimum as it is very inexpensive and only switch to the direct linear method near the end of the optimization where methods such as AMSGrad have long convergence tails. We apply this improved optimizer to wavefunctions with real and orbital space Jastrow factors applied to a symmetry-projected generalized Hartree-Fock reference. Systems addressed include atomic systems such as beryllium and neon, molecular systems such as the carbon dimer and iron(ii) porphyrin, and model systems such as the Hubbard model and hydrogen chains.
Linear scaling perturbative triples correction approximations for open-shell domain-based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster singles and doubles theory [DLPNO-CCSD(T/T)]
Authors: Guo Yang , Riplinger Christoph , Liakos Dimitrios G. , Becker Ute , Saitow Masaaki , Neese Frank
Published: January 2020

The coupled cluster method with single-, double-, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)] is considered to be one of the most reliable quantum chemistry theories. However, the steep scaling of CCSD(T) has limited its application to small or medium-sized systems for a long time. In our previous work, the linear scaling domain based local pair natural orbital CCSD variant (DLPNO-CCSD) has been developed for closed-shell and open-shell. However, it is known from extensive benchmark studies that triple-excitation contributions are important to reach chemical accuracy. In the present work, two linear scaling (T) approximations for open-shell DLPNO-CCSD are implemented and compared: (a) an algorithm based on the semicanonical approximation, in which off-diagonal Fock matrix elements in the occupied space are neglected [referred to as DLPNO-(T0)]; and (b) an improved algorithm in which the triples amplitudes are computed iteratively [referred to as DLPNO-(T)]. This work is based on the previous open-shell DLPNO-CCSD algorithm [M. Saitow et al., J. Chem. Phys. 146, 164105 (2017)] as well as the iterative (T) correction for closed-shell systems [Y. Guo et al., J. Chem. Phys. 148, 011101 (2018)]. Our results show that the new open-shell perturbative corrections, DLPNO-(T0/T), can predict accurate absolute and relative correlation energies relative to the canonical reference calculations with the same basis set. The absolute energies from DLPNO-(T) are significantly more accurate than those of DLPNO-(T0). The additional computational effort of DLPNO-(T) relative to DLPNO-(T0) is a factor of 4 on average. We report calculations on systems with more than 4000 basis functions.
A 3D numerical analysis on magnetic field enhanced microwave linear plasma
Authors: Zhang Wenjin , Chen Longwei , Jiang Yiman , Liu Chengzhou , Zhao Ying , Shan Jiafang , Liu Fukun
Published: January 2020

Microwave linear plasma has attracted a lot of attention due to the outstanding characteristics such as high electron density, low electron temperature, no-pollution, and homogenization, which can realize a large-area uniform plasma source through vertical or horizontal arrangement especially. In order to explore the effect of the permanent magnets and the microwave coaxial reflective antenna on density and uniformity of plasma, a three-dimensional numerical model is established. It is expected to obtain a superior microwave linear plasma source with high density and uniformity for fabricating a carbon film such as graphene or surface treatment. The results show that (1) permanent magnets can improve the density and uniformity of plasma by generating a suitable magnetic field. At the microwave power of 800 W at 20 Pa, the permanent magnets with 150 kA/m enhance the average electron density by 36.67% and control the relative deviation of electron density within −3% to 1% at an axial distance of 100 mm–300 mm. (2) The reflective antenna can effectively regulate the shape and the uniformity of plasma. The semicylinder reflective antenna realizes the relative deviation of electron density within −2% to 0.5%. Meanwhile, the average electron density increases by 3.75% between an axial distance of 100 mm and 300 mm under a microwave power of 800 W at 20 Pa. (3) The external magnetic field and reflective antenna also have the regulation on heavy particles (Ars) in plasma, which is an important factor for application.
Numerical analysis of the Hirota equation: Modulational instability, breathers, rogue waves, and interactions
Authors: Wang Li , Yan Zhenya , Guo Boling
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we focus on the integrable Hirota equation, which describes the propagation of ultrashort light pulses in optical fibers. First, we numerically study spectral signatures of the spatial Lax pair with distinct potentials [e.g., solitons, Akhmediev-Kuznetsov-Ma (AKM) and Kuznetsov-Ma (KM) breathers, and rogue waves (RWs)] of the Hirota equation. Second, we discuss the RW generation by using the dam-break problem with a decaying initial condition and further analyze spectral signatures of periodized wavetrains. Third, we explore two kinds of noise-derived modulational instabilities: (i) the one case is based on the initial condition (one plus a random noise) such that the KM and AKM breathers, and RWs can be generated, and they agree well with analytical solutions; (ii) another case is to consider another initial condition (one plus a Gaussian wave with a random noise phase) such that some RWs with higher amplitudes can be found. Moreover, we also investigate the spectral signatures of corresponding periodic wavetrains. Finally, we find that the interactions of two waves can also generate the RW phenomena with higher amplitudes. These obtained results will be useful to understand the RW generation in the third-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation and other related models.
Beamlet scraping and its influence on the beam divergence at the BATMAN Upgrade test facility
Authors: Wimmer C. , Bonomo F. , Hurlbatt A. , Schiesko L. , Fantz U. , Harder N. den , Heinemann B. , Mimo A. , Orozco G. , Agostini M. , Barbisan M. , Brombin M. , Delogu R. , Pimazzoni A. , Poggi C. , Serianni G. , Ugoletti M. , Veltri P.
Published: January 2020

For the ITER fusion experiment, two neutral beam injectors are required for plasma heating and current drive. Each injector supplies a power of about 17 MW, obtained from neutralization of 40 A (46 A), 1 MeV (0.87 MeV) negative deuterium (hydrogen) ions. The full beam is composed of 1280 beamlets, formed in 16 beamlet groups, and strict requirements apply to the beamlet core divergence (<7 mrad). The test facility BATMAN Upgrade uses an ITER-like grid with one beamlet group, which consists of 70 apertures. In a joint campaign performed by IPP and Consorzio RFX to better assess the beam optics, the divergence of a single beamlet was compared to a group of beamlets at BATMAN Upgrade. The single beamlet is measured with a carbon fiber composite tile calorimeter and by beam emission spectroscopy, whereas the divergence of the group of beamlets is measured by beam emission spectroscopy only. When increasing the RF power at low extraction voltages, the divergence of the beamlet and of the group of beamlets is continuously decreasing and no inflection point toward an overperveant beam is found. At the same time, scraping of the extracted ion beam at the second grid (extraction grid) takes place at higher RF power, supported by the absence of the normally seen linear behavior between the measured negative ion density in the plasma close to the extraction system and the measured extracted ion current. Beside its influence on the divergence, beamlet scraping needs to be considered for the determination of the correct perveance and contributes to the measured coextracted electron current.
First-order reversal curves (FORCs) of nano-engineered 3D Co-Fe structures
Authors: Al Mamoori Mohanad , Schröder Christian , Keller Lukas , Huth Michael , Müller Jens
Published: January 2020

In this paper we present first-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams of ensembles of three-dimensional Co3Fe nanostructures as 2 × 2 arrays of nano-cubes and nano-trees. The structures are fabricated and investigated by an advanced platform of focused electron beam induced deposition combined with high-resolution detection of magnetic stray fields using a home-built micro-Hall magnetometer based on an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. The experimental FORC diagrams are compared to macrospin simulations for both geometries at different angles of the externally applied magnetic field. The measured FORC diagrams are in good agreement with the simulated ones and reflect non-uniform magnetization reversal dominated by multi-vortex states within, and strong magnetic coupling between, the building blocks of our nanostructures. Thus, a FORC analysis of small arrays of 3D magnetic nanostructures provides more detailed insights into the mechanisms of magnetization reversal beyond standard major hysteresis loop measurements.
Transient potential distribution on transformer winding considering the effect of core lamination stack
Authors: He Shuang , Huang Dongdong , Feng Xin , Deng Jun , Li Jiangtao , Zhu Jianguo
Published: January 2020

The potential distribution of windings under impulse voltage is very important for the design of transformer inter-turn insulation especially for large capacity transformers such as ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter transformer. Quite a lot of equivalent circuit models for transformer winding have been proposed for the potential distribution calculation assuming that the influence of magnetic core is negligible at frequencies higher than 10 kHz. However, lightning impulse or VFTO waveforms usually contain abundant frequency components higher than 10 kHz. At above situations the magnetic core plays an important role during the transient procedure. To obtain a more comprehensive model and also to provide a more accurate potential distribution of transformer winding, in this paper, a wide frequency magnetic properties of silicon steel sheet were measured and the relationship between relative permeability of lamination stack and frequency is studied and implemented in the calculation of frequency-dependent parameters such as resistance, self- and mutual-inductances. Then the equivalent circuit model of UHVDC converter transformer is established considering the properties of core lamination stack. Coding the program in MATLAB to solve the matrix equation and the potential distribution properties are extracted from the calculation results under lightning situation. The inter-turn potential distribution is also analyzed and the results may provide more accurate information for transformer inter-turn insulation design.
Design of an erasable spintronics memory based on current-path-dependent field-free spin orbit torque
Authors: Zhou Haochang , Wang Chao , Li Zuwei , Wang Zhaohao , Liu Tongxi , Wu Bi , Zhao Weisheng
Published: January 2020

Spin orbit torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) has attracted massive research interests due to its promising application potential in high-speed computing systems (e.g. upper level caches). Here we propose an erasable spintronics memory based on a novel field-free SOT switching mechanism. The data writing is achieved through erase and subsequent program operations, both of which are implemented with unidirectional currents. For improving the storage density, the erase operation is shared by multiple bit-cells, meanwhile some access transistors could be replaced with diodes thanks to the use of unidirectional currents. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed erasable spintronics memory is featured by sub-nanosecond write speed, femto-joule write energy and higher storage density than the conventional SOT-MRAMs.
Modelling of the laminar dispersion force in bubbly flows from direct numerical simulations
Authors: du Cluzeau A. , Bois G. , Toutant A.
Published: January 2020

In a previous study, we have shown that the momentum transfer between phases, which requires modeling in two-fluid models, is partly comprised of a laminar dispersion force connected to surface tension and pressure effects. This dispersion force, which is obtained by stepping away from the particle hypothesis, is important for the prediction of the void fraction distribution and therefore requires modeling. In this article, based on five direct numerical simulations of turbulent bubbly flows in a vertical channel, a model is proposed by using, inter alia, the structure of the pressure field in the vicinity of bubbles. The resulting model shows very positive results. It is expected to be valid through a wide range of flow regimes for spherical and deformable bubbles as long as the drag force closure is accurate. It is ready for use and can be integrated into an Euler-Euler calculation code.
Electronic states and interband tunneling conditions in type-II quantum well heterostructures
Authors: Yang Rui Q.
Published: January 2020

Type-II quantum well (QW) heterostructures based on the InAs/GaSb/AlSb material system have important applications in interband tunneling and midinfrared optoelectronic devices. From the perspective of interband tunneling conditions in widely used type-II QWs such as N-QW, W-QW, and M-QW structures, this work studies how energy levels for electronic and light-hole states are varied with various combinations of semiconductor material layers. Using a two-band model, analytical expressions are derived for the transition well widths that correspond to the critical layer thicknesses for bound- or quasibound states to appear in the interband tunneling region in type-II heterostructures, which provide meaningful connections to semiconductor material parameters. Calculations of transition well widths are carried out for several InAs/GaSb/AlSb-based type-II QW structures. The results and understanding gained from the study may be helpful in designing and developing midinfrared optoelectronic devices such as interband cascade lasers, photodetectors, and thermophotovoltaic cells.
Two-dimensional high-quality Ag/Py magnetoplasmonic crystals
Authors: Pomozov A. R. , Chekhov A. L. , Rodionov I. A. , Baburin A. S. , Lotkov E. S. , Temiryazeva M. P. , Afanasyev K. N. , Baryshev A. V. , Murzina T. V.
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a perspective approach for the fabrication of functional high-quality magnetoplasmonic crystals based on a 2D periodical perforated silver film covered by a thin layer of ferromagnetic metal (Permalloy). The wavelength-angular spectra of the 2D crystals reveal a large number of high-quality resonant features associated with the excitation of surface plasmon-polariton modes of various orders. Due to the presence of a ferromagnetic material on both plasmonic interfaces, pronounced magnetic effects are observed for all excitations and are influenced by the coupling between various modes. The suggested magnetoplasmonic crystal composition with high-quality resonant optical and magneto-optical properties gives perspective for the control over the light propagation as well as for sensor applications.
Intermediate state representation approach to physical properties of molecular electron-detached states. I. Theory and implementation
Authors: Dempwolff Adrian L. , Paul Alexander C. , Belogolova Alexandra M. , Trofimov Alexander B. , Dreuw Andreas
Published: January 2020

The third-order non-Dyson algebraic-diagrammatic construction approach to the electron propagator [IP-ADC(3)] is extended using the intermediate state representation (ISR) formalism, allowing the wave functions and properties of molecular states with detached electron to be studied. The second-order ISR equations [ISR(2)] for the one-particle (transition) density matrix have been derived and implemented in the Q-CHEM program. The approach is completely general and enables evaluation of arbitrary one-particle operators and interpretation of electron detachment processes in terms of density-based quantities. The IP-ADC(3)/ISR(2) equations were implemented for Ŝz-adapted intermediate states, allowing open-shell molecules to be studied using unrestricted Hartree-Fock references. As a first test for computations of ground state properties, dipole moments of various closed- and open-shell molecules have been computed by means of electron detachment from the corresponding anions. The results are in good agreement with experimental data. The potential of IP-ADC(3)/ISR(2) for the interpretation of photoelectron spectra is demonstrated for the galvinoxyl free radical.
Shadow Hamiltonian in classical NVE molecular dynamics simulations: A path to long time stability
Authors: Hammonds K. D. , Heyes D. M.
Published: January 2020

The shadow energy, Es, is the conserved quantity in microcanonical ensemble (NVE) molecular dynamics simulations carried out with the position Verlet central-difference algorithm. A new methodology for calculating precise and accurate values of Es is presented. It is shown for the first time that Es rather than E is constant during structural changes occurring within a supercooled liquid. It is also explained how to prepare and conduct microsecond range bulk-phase NVE simulations with essentially zero energy drift without the need for thermostating. The drift is analyzed with block averaging and new drift functions of the shadow energy. With such minimal drift, extremely small and accurate standard errors in the mean for quantities like Es, E, and temperature, T, can be obtained. Values of the standard error for Es of ≈10−10 in molecule-based reduced units can be routinely achieved for simulations of 108 time steps. This corresponds to a simulation temperature drift of ≈10−6 K/μs, six orders of magnitude smaller than generally considered to be acceptable for protein simulations. We also show for the first time how these treatments can be extended with no loss of accuracy to polyatomic systems with both flexible degrees of freedom and arbitrary geometric constraints imposed via the SHAKE algorithm. As a bonus, estimates of simulation-average kinetic and total energies from high order velocity expressions can be obtained to a good approximation from 2nd order velocities and the average mean square force (for polyatomics, this refers to per site, including any constraint forces).
The relative motions between fins have large impacts on fish propulsion
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: January 2020

Researchers studied how the sizes and phases between median fins affect a fish’s thrust, drag and efficiency.
Innate immune receptor NOD2 mediates LGR5
+
intestinal stem cell protection against ROS cytotoxicity via mitophagy stimulation
Authors: Levy Antonin , Stedman Aline , Deutsch Eric , Donnadieu Françoise , Virgin Herbert W. , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Nigro Giulia
Published: January 2020

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) agonist muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a peptidoglycan motif common to all bacteria, supports leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5)
+
intestinal stem cell (ISC) survival through NOD2 activation upon an otherwise lethal oxidative stress-mediated signal. However, the underlying protective mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using irradiation as stressor and primarily murine-derived intestinal organoids as a model system, we show that MDP induced a significant reduction of total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) within ISCs, which was associated with mitophagy induction. ATG16L1 knockout (KO) and NOD2 KO organoids did not benefit from the MDP-induced cytoprotection. We confirmed the MDP-dependent induction of ISC mitophagy upon stress in vivo. These findings elucidate the NOD2-mediated mechanism of cytoprotection involving the clearance of the lethal excess of ROS molecules through mitophagy, triggered by the coordinated activation of NOD2 and ATG16L1 by a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-independent pathway.
A promiscuous inflammasome sparks replication of a common tumor virus
Authors: Burton Eric M. , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Bhaduri-McIntosh Sumita
Published: January 2020

Significance

Infectious agents, including viruses, activate cellular inflammasomes. Viruses have evolved strategies to parry such host defense mechanisms, and cancer-causing gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) are no exception. In distinct contrast, we show that this ubiquitous virus exploits assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome to kick-start its lytic cascade; this allows EBV to reactivate from quiescence, propagate, and leave the cell when the cell perceives intrinsic or extrinsic threats. This discovery also provides a predictive signature that marks cells in which EBV is poised to enter the lytic phase. Importantly also, with hyperglycemia known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, our findings provide a mechanistic basis for recent clinical observations of diabetes as a significant risk factor for EBV-lymphomas in transplant recipients.
Atlas of the human intestine
Authors: He Xi C. , Li Linheng
Published: January 2020

In this issue of JEM, Wang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20191130), using a single-cell RNA-seq approach, establish an atlas of human colon, rectum, and ileum epithelial cells. Their study reveals that different regions have specialized nutrient absorption preferences, microbe defenses, and endocrine function. They also identify new markers for a variety of cell types.
Negative ion source operation with deuterium
Authors: Bacal M , Wada M
Published: January 2020

When the working gas of a negative ion source is changed from hydrogen to its isotope, deuterium, an ‘isotope effect’ is observed; namely, several plasma characteristics such as the electron energy distribution, the atomic fraction and the spectra of rovibrationally excited molecules change. The understanding of the effect becomes more important, as research and development aiming at ITER power level operation is being challenged with feeding deuterium to the ion sources. As a historical review of the effort to develop hydrogen/deuterium negative ion sources, several types of negative ion sources designed for the neutral beam plasma heating are described: double charge exchange sources, volume sources and surface-plasma sources. The early results with volume sources operated with and without cesium are introduced. The characteristics of the source charged with deuterium are compared to those of the source charged with hydrogen. The isotope effect did not appear pronounced as the negative ion density was measured in a small source but became more pronounced when the plasma source size was enlarged and the discharge power density was increased to higher values. Surface plasma sources were optimized for deuterium operation but could not achieve the same performance as a source operated with hydrogen at the same power and pressure. The lower velocity of negative deuterium ions leaving the low work function surface seemed to limit the production efficiency. Fundamental processes causing these differences in negative ion source operation are summarized. After explaining the current status of negative ion source research and development, the acquired knowledge is utilized to the development of large negative ion sources for nuclear fusion research and to the development of compact negative ion sources for neutron source applications.
Ultrasonic beam focusing characteristics of shear-vertical waves for contact-type linear phased array in solid*
Authors: Dai Yu-Xiang , Yan Shou-Guo , Zhang Bi-Xing
Published: January 2020

We investigate the beam focusing technology of shear-vertical (SV) waves for a contact-type linear phased array to overcome the shortcomings of conventional wedge transducer arrays. The numerical simulation reveals the transient excitation and propagation characteristics of SV waves. It is found that the element size plays an important role in determining the transient radiation directivity of SV waves. The transient beam focusing characteristics of SV waves for various array parameters are deeply studied. It is particularly interesting to see that smaller element width will provide the focused beam of SV waves with higher quality, while larger element width may result in erratic fluctuation of focusing energy around the focal point. There exists a specific range of inter-element spacing for optimum focusing performance. Moreover, good beam focusing performance of SV waves can be achieved only at high steering angles.
Combined optogenetic and electrical stimulation of auditory neurons increases effective stimulation frequency—an in vitro study
Authors: Hart William L , Richardson Rachael T , Kameneva Tatiana , Thompson Alex C , Wise Andrew K , Fallon James B , Stoddart Paul R , Needham Karina
Published: January 2020

Objective. The performance of neuroprostheses, including cochlear and retinal implants, is currently constrained by the spatial resolution of electrical stimulation. Optogenetics has improved the spatial control of neurons in vivo but lacks the fast-temporal dynamics required for auditory and retinal signalling. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that combining optical and electrical stimulation in vitro could address some of the limitations associated with each of the stimulus modes when used independently. Approach. The response of murine auditory neurons expressing ChR2-H134 to combined optical and electrical stimulation was characterised using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology. Main results. Optogenetic costimulation produces a three-fold increase in peak firing rate compared to optical stimulation alone and allows spikes to be evoked by combined subthreshold optical and electrical inputs. Subthreshold optical depolarisation also facilitated spiking in auditory neurons for periods of up to 30 ms without evidence of wide-scale Na+ inactivation. Significance. These findings may contribute to the development of spatially and temporally selective optogenetic-based neuroprosthetics and complement recent developments in ‘fast opsins’.
Modeling and Verification of CTCS-3 On-board Equipment Based on Colored Petri Net
Authors: Jingjia Han , Tao He
Published: January 2020

The on-board control system is the kernel subsystem of the CTCS-3 train control system which is the key to ensure the safety of train operation. According to the complexity of CTCS-3 train control system, first of all, this paper analyzes the mode conversion rules of the on-board equipment of CTCS-3, establishes the model conversion scenario (MTCPN) model based on Colored Petri Net, and introduces the use branch in the CPN Tools. The sequential logic ASK-CTL formula and the non-standard state space query method formally verify the constructed MTCPN model, and the verification result is true, indicating that the constructed MTCPN model satisfies the rules of the CTCS-3 Train Control System Requirements Specification (SRS). The mode conversion function conforms to the on-board device mode conversion process, and through the verification result, the mode conversion scene of the on-board device is analyzed to have deadlock-free and transferability.
Envelope Phase Shift Feature Extraction of Underwater Target Echo
Authors: Yong Jintao , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Yang , Jia Bing , Li Guijuan
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the problem of target classification with different physical property parameters, the phase characteristics of echo envelope associated with different physical property parameters are studied, and the feature extraction method of the phase shift characteristics of the target echo envelope is established. The extraction method and the feature resolution performance of the phase shift characteristics of echo envelope are verified by the water-tank test of cylindrical targets with different materials and finite length. The experimental results of the underwater cylindrical target echo show that the feature of target echo envelope phase shift has significant difference with the change of target material, structure and radial scale. The phase shift feature of underwater target echo envelope has good performance for targets with different physical property parameters.
A Symmetric Successive Overrelaxation (SSOR) based Gauss-Seidel Massive MIMO Detection Algorithm
Authors: Ding Chen
Published: January 2020

With an increasing number of antennas and users, the complexity increases dramatically, in order to simplify the process. In this paper, We propose existed algorithms discussing their principles and their advantages as well as the comparison between each method and then we provide the possible improvement in theory changing steps in iteration process to avoid the matrix inversion, by introducing a pre-conditioned gradient (PCG) method and further improved Jacobi method and using Neumann-series terms to estimate an approximate matrix inversion and the Gauss-Seidel (GS) method with a diagonal-approximate initial solution to the method and biconjugate gradient stabilized (BICGSTAB) method and above all of the methods are based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector including the application in multi-user MIMO system. Another approach is from a signal detector based on symmetric successive over relaxation (SSOR) method without matrix inversion and Neumann series based on the zero forcing signal detector. The third algorithm uses a modified version of the conjugate gradient least square (CGLS). These methods are mainly replacing the inversion process into iteration process to reduce the complexity of the algorithm not only replacing the stages but optimizing the speed from setting the initial solution as well as the improvement using the Neumann-series to replace the iteration part. Finally, we proposed a symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) based Gauss-Seidel for massive MIMO detection.
Design of Portable Wireless Electrocardiogram Monitoring System
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Yingjiu , Zhang Guangchao , Du Hongyuan , Yang Yingying , Jiang Xin , Wang Chen
Published: January 2020

Cardiovascular disease is a major disease that seriously threat to people’s health and life. And such diseases often have unexpected features. If it can’t be timely detected and treated, it will have very serious consequence. So on cardiovascular disease in care becomes particularly important. This thesis investigate an ECG Monitoring System that based on a wireless transmission technology. The system contains three parts: ECG pretreatment, wireless transmission and central control. The ECG signal that from ECG collection device be pretreatment and by microcomputer control to complete A/D conversion, then wireless transmission chip nRF905 will send out the signals; wireless transmission chip nRF905 will receive the signal and transmitted to PC for analysis, complete ECG guardianship. The design is aimed at using wireless transmission to replace cable transmission, enable patients in free activities at the same time by the guardianship, it is also the innovation of this thesis. This thesis describes the design of the ECG monitor with portability and low power consumption advantages.
Transmission of Live Detection Data Based on Modified D2D
Authors: Zheng Wenjie , Li Chengqi , Zhao Mingzhe , Zhang Hao
Published: January 2020

While the standardization of live detection process helps ensure safe operation of substation equipment significantly, data transmission between detection equipment and the handheld tablet is still a great challenge. In this article, we propose a communication method for live detection in substations with D2D in licensed band and unlicensed band. Firstly, we analyze the scenario of live detection in substation and compare various near field communication methods. Secondly, we study the key technologies of D2D mainly including spectrum resource management and channel access mechanism. Finally, we perform system level simulation on D2D in licensed and unlicensed band, whose results show that modified D2D can achieve high quality communication between detection equipment and the handheld tablet.
Automated Motion of a Robot based on Emotion Analysis
Authors: Jain Manish , Verma Madhushi
Published: January 2020

Several people in this world are suffering from neuro-motor disability which makes their life difficult and such people become dependent on others. In some cases, such people can speak clearly whereas in other cases their speech may not be very clear. Here, we present a solution to control the movement of such people who are not able to walk because of their disability but are able to speak clearly. Their speech is analysed, and a mapping of movement has been defined for an emotion. Further, a prototype has been built in the form of an arduino robot to demonstrate that the mapping is able to control the movement which can further be refined in future to make it more accurate and mapped with relevant movements according to the need in real-life. Other practical applications of this work include covert operation, feedback industry etc.
Midpoint Distance Circle Generation Algorithm based on Midpoint Circle Algorithm and Bresenham Circle Algorithm
Authors: Cao Minghua , Liu Siyuan , Cao Fanghua
Published: January 2020

In the process of generating a circle, the existing midpoint circle algorithm and Bresenham circle algorithm have the problems of slow drawing speed, high resource consumption, complicated calculation steps and large pixel spacing in some areas, and a combination of midpoint painting is proposed. A new algorithm for the circular algorithm and the Bresenham circular algorithm. The algorithm first calculates the positional relationship between the midpoint and the circumference of two adjacent pixel points, and then calculates the distance difference between two adjacent pixel points and the circle by two approximate distances, and then obtains the decision parameters of the algorithm. A complete circle is obtained by the symmetry of the octant. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is an effective midpoint distance circle generation algorithm based on the midpoint circle algorithm and the Bresenham algorithm. Compared with similar algorithms, it has higher stability and precision, and has less resource consumption and more flexible calculation methods.
Unsupervised Multimodal Image Registration by Polynomial Warping over Correlation-Maximizing Shifts
Authors: Eren Akbiyik M.
Published: January 2020

Alignment of images from multiple modalities is a very important procedure for many medical and industrial applications. Often times it is not possible to utilize a supervised method due to the lack of labeled data for any specific sensor architecture. In this study, a new unsupervised approach is proposed for a sensor-camera system aligned in one axis, that warps the image-like frames onto each other with a second-degree polynomial sampled from the cross-correlation maximizing segment shifts. This methodology will allow the registration process to adjust for focal differences and varying image modalities between the sensors. Thus, novel architectures utilizing seldom-used sensors will more easily adapt to industrial and medical work environments.
The Influence Mechanism of Authentic Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Team on Employees’ Performance
Authors: Hao Meng , Lv Weifeng , Du Bowen
Published: January 2020

The impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI) on industrial change has transformed the practice of enterprise management, and impacted the traditional management theory born in the industrial era. This paper discusses the impact of AI on the practice and theory of enterprise management, including the transparency of human beings and the employ ability of AI. Based on the characteristics of the AI technology development team. In this study, 102 AI technology team leaders and 697 team members from AI companies in China were used as subjects both to investigate the influence mechanism of AL at both the individual and team levels and to explore the cross-level relationship between the two levels. The results show that at the individual level, the psychological safety plays a mediating role between individual-oriented AL behavior and an individual’s performance. At the team level, the team’s atmosphere plays a mediating role between team-oriented AL behavior and the individual’s performance. This study has important implications for the theory of leadership behavior and leadership practice. AI belongs to a new type of technology, and the pressure of technology development work is great. It will display a kind of authentic leadership and can effectively promote the technology of the subordinates.
Study on Denoise Algorithm for Micro-motion Target
Authors: Xia Saiqiang , Chen Wenfei , Zhang Chaowei , Wang Xiaonan , Xu Dahan
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the non-stationary characteristics of narrowband radar echo of micro-motion target, a novel micro-motion signal denoising algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the weight function is constructed by coherent accumulation, and the echo is weighted by weight function to filter out the noise in range dimension. Secondly, the singular spectrum analysis(SSA) is performed on the range bin of the echo, the signal with large singularities is preserved, and the noise with small singularities is filtered out. Then, the azimuth dimension signal transformed from time domain into time-frequency domain, the step iteration method is used to adaptively filter the time-frequency spectrum and the time-frequency filtering result with the best denoising effect selected by defining the risk function. Finally, the simulation verify the effect of the proposed method.
A Non-local Rank-Constraint Hyperspectral Images Denoising Method with 3-D Anisotropic Total Variation
Authors: Gong Tao , Wen Desheng , He Tianbin
Published: January 2020

Hyperspectral Images (HSIs) are usually degraded by many kinds of noise called mixed noise, which greatly limits the subsequent applications of HSIs. Many researches have proved the patch-based low-rank methods and the total variation (TV) based approaches have a good effect on reducing noise in HSIs. Here, we propose a non-local patch based rank-constraint HSIs noise suppression methods with a global 3-D anisotropic total variation (NLRATV). Differing from previous patch-based methods which usually ignore spatial structural information, we add more structural constraints with the non-local similarity across patches for suppressing the structural noise that exists at the same location of many bands. Besides, we utilize the global 3-D anisotropic total variation to ensure its smoothness in spatial and spectral dimensionalities while reconstructing the image. The augmented Lagrange multiplier method is adopted to optimize the proposed algorithm. The real data experiments have proved the superiority of NLRATV in decreasing mixed and dense noise.
Understanding Image Caption Algorithms: A Review
Authors: Chenyu Cao
Published: January 2020

The technology of Image caption is developing rapidly. In order to review the recent advancement in this field, this article briefly summarize several typical works in image caption researching, in which they figured out new ways to improve the accuracy or efficiency. We describe the methods, organize the results of experiments in one form, and then analyse the data. Besides, a novel quantitative metric which can measure the quality of image caption more objectively is also introduced.
Classification of Rice Producing Area in Heilongjiang Province Based on Cross-Media Feature Fusion
Authors: Hu Wen , Li Ang
Published: January 2020

In order to realize the rapid and accurate real estate traceability of rice in Heilongjiang Province, this paper combines computer vision technology and near-infrared spectral data mining technology to the five major production areas of Heilongjiang Province, the five major production areas, Chahayang production area and Jiansanjiang production. A total of 150 grains of rice were analyzed and studied. In this study, based on the fusion of generalized Cartesian product feature, the feature of rice shape based on rice image and the characteristics of rice near-infrared spectral data were merged, and the classification of rice origin was carried out by using support vector machine algorithm. Finally, the accuracy of the model is 90.7%. The experimental results show that the method can be used as a preliminary application to reach the classification of rice.