bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of shooting technique for Buongiorno nanofluid model driven by a continuous permeable surface
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Zeeshan  , Islam Saeed , Ali Bilal , Shah Qayyum , Ali Rashid
Published: January 2023

The current investigation focuses on the thermal characteristics and heat and mass transfer in the context of their applications. There has been a lot of interest in the utilization of non‐Newtonian liquids in various engineering and biological fields. Having such considerable attention on non‐Newtonian liquids, the goal is to investigate the flow nature of viscoelastic nanoliquid flow driven by a permeable stretchable surface considering the Buongiorno nanofluid model with suction or injection and mixed convection. This model includes Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, and radiation effects. The thermal boundary layer theories established the constitutive flow equations, that is, the momentum, diffusion balance, and energy expressions. The established partial differential equations are diminished to dimensionless coupled ordinary differential equations by taking the assistance of proper transformations of nonlinearities. An efficient and validated numerical algorithm is implemented as a computational technique where Mathematica 11.0 environment, a programming tool, is developed for fluid dynamics. The convergence standard had also been recognized for the precision of the relevant parameters by using boundary postulates. The impact of embedded physical quantities of practical interest is examined and offered via the plotted graphs. In addition, the impression of system parameters on drag force, heat, and mass flow coefficient with three‐dimensional graphs is also debated.
High‐throughput compositional mapping of triple‐cation tin–lead perovskites for high‐efficiency solar cells
Authors: Gunasekaran Rajendra Kumar , Jung Jina , Yang Sung Woong , Yun Jungchul , Yun Yeonghun , Vidyasagar Devthade , Choi Won Chang , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Noh Jun Hong , Kim Dong Hoe , Lee Sangwook
Published: January 2023

Mixed tin–lead perovskites suffer from structural instability and rapid tin oxidation; thus, the investigation of their optimal composition ranges is important to address these inherent weaknesses. The critical role of triple cations in mixed Sn–Pb iodides is studied by performing a wide range of compositional screenings over mechanochemically synthesized bulk and solution‐processed thin films. A ternary phase map of FA (Sn0.6Pb0.4)I3, MA(Sn0.6Pb0.4)I3, and Cs(Sn0.6Pb0.4)I3 is formed, and a promising composition window of (FA0.6−xMA0.4Csx)Sn0.6Pb0.4I3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) is demonstrated through phase, photoluminescence, and stability evaluations. Solar cell performance and chemical stability across the targeted compositional space are investigated, and FA0.55MA0.4Cs0.05Sn0.6Pb0.4I3 with strain‐relaxed lattices, reduced defect densities, and improved oxidation stability is demonstrated. The inverted perovskite solar cells with the optimal composition demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of over 22% with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.867 V, which corresponds to voltage loss of 0.363 V, promising for the development of narrow‐bandgap perovskite solar cells.
Information effects in discrete choice experiments: Does type of delivery matter for valuation estimates and attribute nonattendance?
Authors: Agossadou Monsoïa Arsène Juste , Nayga Rodolfo M.
Published: January 2023

We examine the impact of using combined text script and audio clip versus text script only to convey information on US low‐skilled nonmigrant workers' willingness to accept agricultural field jobs amid COVID‐19 pandemic. Using a discrete choice experiment, subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two information modalities. Respondents assigned to combined text script and audio clip were willing to accept more for several job attributes, especially when estimates were conditional on attribute attendance. Moreover, this information modality lowered the prevalence of attribute nonattendance. The findings have important implications for the design of information provision experiments.
Serum circular RNA hsa_circ_0000702 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Yuan Wentao , Fang Ronghua , Mao Chunyan , Chen Hongmei , Tai Bojun , Cong Hui
Published: January 2023

Background

There is mounting evidence that Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are essential for the initiation and development of gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we further investigated the clinical importance and applicability of serum hsa_circ_0000702 in the diagnosis and treatment of GC.

Methods

Sanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis, and RNase R assay were used to confirm the origin, alterations, and stability of hsa_circ_0000702 in GC patients. Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to detect the expression level of hsa_circ_0000702 in GC cell lines, serum, and tissues. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built to evaluate their prognostic value and how well they would work in conjunction with popular biochemical markers for GC. Finally, real‐time dynamic monitoring was used to assess its prognostic usefulness.

Results

Hsa_circ_0000702 exhibited the fundamental traits of circRNA. Hsa_circ_0000702 had good sensitivity, specificity, and stability. It was discovered that hsa_circ_0000702 was down‐regulated in GC cell lines, serum, and tissues, and that the level of tumor differentiation and tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging were connected with serum hsa_circ_0000702. The area under the ROC curve of serum hsa_circ_0000702 was calculated to be 0.745 (95% CI: 0.669–0.821), indicating high diagnostic efficacy. The diagnostic value was greatly increased by combining serum CEA and CA19‐9. Finally, preoperative and postoperative dynamic monitoring revealed serum hsa_circ_0000702 to be of clinical application.

Conclusion

Serum hsa_circ_0000702 was variably expressed in GC patients, indicating that serum hsa_circ_0000702 may be a novel biomarker for GC diagnosis and dynamic monitoring.
Microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes: A review
Authors: Porterfield Katherine K. , Hobson Sarah A. , Neher Deborah A. , Niles Meredith T. , Roy Eric D.
Published: January 2023

Diverting food waste from landfills to composting or anaerobic digestion can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enable the recovery of energy in usable forms, and create nutrient‐rich soil amendments. However, many food waste streams are mixed with plastic packaging, raising concerns that food waste‐derived composts and digestates may inadvertently introduce microplastics into agricultural soils. Research on the occurrence of microplastics in food waste‐derived soil amendments is in an early phase and the relative importance of this potential pathway of microplastics to agricultural soils needs further clarification. In this paper, we review what is known and what is not known about the abundance of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and their effects on agricultural soils. Additionally, we highlight future research needs and suggest ways to harmonize microplastic abundance and ecotoxicity studies with the design of related policies. This review is novel in that it focuses on quantitative measures of microplastics in composts, digestates, and food wastes and discusses limitations of existing methods and implications for policy.
Attitudes and beliefs regardingrace‐targetedgenetic testing of Black people: A systematic review
Authors: Iltis Ana S. , Rolf Liz , Yaeger Lauren , Goodman Melody S. , DuBois James M.
Published: January 2023

Geographical ancestry has been associated with an increased risk of various genetic conditions. Race and ethnicity often have been used as proxies for geographical ancestry. Despite numerous problems associated with the crude reliance on race and ethnicity as proxies for geographical ancestry, some genetic testing in the clinical, research, and employment settings has been and continues to be race‐ or ethnicity‐based. Race‐based or race‐targeted genetic testing refers to genetic testing offered only or primarily to people of particular racial or ethnic groups because of presumed differences among groups. One current example isAPOL1testing of Black kidney donors. Race‐based genetic testing raises numerous ethical and policy questions. Given the ongoing reliance on the Black race in genetic testing, it is important to understand the views of people who identify as Black or are identified as Black (including African American, Afro‐Caribbean, and Hispanic Black) regarding race‐based genetic testing that targets Black people because of their race. We conducted a systematic review of studies and reports of stakeholder‐engaged projects that examined how people who identify as or are identified as Black perceive genetic testing that specifically presumes genetic differences exist among racial groups or uses race as a surrogate for ancestral genetic variation and targets Black people. Our review identified 14 studies that explicitly studied this question and another 13 that implicitly or tacitly studied this matter. We found four main factors that contribute to a positive attitude toward race‐targeted genetic testing (facilitators) and eight main factors that are associated with concerns regarding race‐targeted genetic testing (barriers). This review fills an important gap. These findings should inform future genetic research and the policies and practices developed in clinical, research, public health, or other settings regarding genetic testing.
Factors that influence the management recommendations breast surgeons provide to women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes
Authors: Vanderwal April , Lewis Jaime , Basil Janet , Atzinger Carrie , Widmeyer Kimberly
Published: January 2023

Pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, such as ATM and CHEK2, confer a two‐ to five‐fold increased lifetime risk for breast cancer. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network has guidelines for breast surgeons to utilize when counseling women with pathogenic variants in these genes; however, previous studies indicate that other factors impact breast surgeons' recommendations to patients. This study investigated factors influencing management recommendations presented by breast surgeons to women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with breast surgeons practicing in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. A total of 15 breast surgeons from eight different hospitals participated in five focus groups and three individual interviews. Participants discussed factors they consider when making management recommendations for risk reduction in women with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes. Participants provided risk management recommendations for given scenarios. Patient motivation/opinion, family history, patient current health status, patient personal preference, and patient anxiety level were among the most common factors mentioned. It appeared that how these factors are valued and applied in practice varies. There was no consensus among breast surgeons on which risk‐reducing management options they would recommend in each scenario. There are many factors breast surgeons take into consideration when making recommendations for this patient population. This information could inform future research on decision making around treatment for individuals with pathogenic variants in moderate penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes.
Comparisons of pathologic findings and outcomes of gastric cancer patients younger and older than 40: a propensity score matching study in a single center of Korea
Authors: Kim Yo H , Jung Yu M , Park Tae Y , Jeong Su J , Kim Tae H , Lee Jin , Park Jongha , Kim Tae O , Park Yong E
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high incidence rate in Korean men. However, comparative studies are scarce on the pathologic findings and treatment effects of GC in patients aged less than 40 years. We evaluated the characteristics and pathologic findings of GC patients aged younger and older than 40 years.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 2307 patients diagnosed with GC between January 2010 and May 2018. Eighty‐eight (3.8%) and 2219 (96.2%) patients were younger and older than 40 years, respectively. The patients were divided into younger (n = 70) and older (n = 62) age groups through propensity matching.

Results

Overall, compared to the younger group, the older group (n = 2219) had a significantly higher proportion of male patients (66.7% vs 39.8%; P < 0.001) and patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (2.3% vs 23.1%; P < 0.001). However, young patients more often underwent operations compared to older patients (78.4% vs 60.1%; P = 0.001). In the propensity‐matched group, older patients more often showed differentiated carcinoma, including well‐differentiated (5.7% vs 11.3%) and moderately differentiated (1.4% vs 32.3%). However, younger patients more often showed signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) (70.0% vs 25.8%). In multivariate analysis, Helicobacter pylori infection (odds ratio, 12.643; 95% confidence interval, 1.068–1449.665; P = 0.044) independently correlated with SRC risk.

Conclusions

Patients below 40 years were more likely to undergo surgery compared to ESD, and pathologic findings were more common in SRC. Therefore, more active screening and H. pylori eradication are needed even in patients aged less than 40 years.
Evaluating the economic effects of the Ebola virus disease in Liberia: A synthetic control approach
Authors: Flomo Amos Z. B. , Papyrakis Elissaios , Wagner Natascha
Published: January 2023

We use the synthetic control method to isolate the impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola virus disease epidemic on the Liberian economy. We find a slight initial decline in the unemployment rate, followed by an increase of roughly 1% (p‐value ≤5%). The effect on inflation is more substantial (close to a 7% and 18% increase 4 and 5years after the outbreak) but statistically insignificant in the preceding period (2014–2016). We do not identify any other significant income and welfare effects. Synthetic control evidence for Guinea and Sierra Leone suggest even more limited long‐term impacts.
Salivary cytokine expression after non‐surgical periodontal therapy in smokers: 12‐month follow‐up
Authors: Leite Fábio R. M. , López Rodrigo , Møller Holger J. , Nascimento Gustavo G.
Published: January 2023

Background

Diverse smoking trajectories may influence cytokine expression after non‐surgical periodontal therapy and supportive periodontal care. Thus, we aimed to describe cytokine profiles in periodontal healing after periodontal therapy in smokers.

Methods

A smoking cessation program and non‐surgical periodontal therapy were offered to 80 smokers with periodontitis. Smoking trajectories (quitters/light, moderate, heavy) were observed. The association of salivary interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) with smoking trajectories and periodontal outcomes was determined using mixed‐effects linear regression.

Results

Among quitters/light smokers, IL‐1β was associated with an increase in mean periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and mean clinical attachment level (CAL). IL‐6 was associated with a decrease in mean PPD and CAL in heavy smokers, whereas IL‐8 was associated with a decrease in PPD among moderate smokers. TNFα was associated with a reduction in mean PPD and CAL among quitters/light smokers, while among moderate smokers, TNFα was associated with an increase in mean PPD and CAL. IL‐12 and IL‐13 were associated with a decrease in mean PPD in moderate smokers.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that distinctive smoking exposures induce differential cytokine expression, which, in turn, seems to influence periodontal repair.
The wheat AMT2 (AMmonium Transporter) family, possible functions in ammonium uptake and pathogenic/symbiotic interactions
Authors: Porras‐Murillo Romano , Zhao Yufen , Hu Jinling , Ijato Toyosi , Retamal Joseline Palafox , Ludewig Uwe , Neuhäuser Benjamin
Published: January 2023

Ammonium uptake into wheat roots relies primarily on two AMmonium Transporters of subfamily one, while the wheat genome comprises 4 to 6 AMT2 type transporters. Plant AMT2s generally show functions in root‐to‐shoot translocation or pathogenic and symbiotic plant–microorganism interactions. We addressed the activity of TaAMT2s in ammonium transport. Nitrogen‐dependent expression implicated a physiological function in ammonium uptake for TaAMT2;1 and in ammonium distribution for TaAMT2;2‐6.
The patchwork loess of Central Asia: Implications for interpreting aeolian dynamics and past climate circulation in piedmont regions
Authors: Dave Aditi K. , Lisá Lenka , Scardia Giancarlo , Nigmatova Saida , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E.
Published: January 2023

Reconstruction of mass accumulation rates (MARs) in loess deposits are widely used for interpreting long‐term aeolian transport and climate dynamics in terrestrial environments. However, these interpretations are often driven by a preponderance of reconstructions from individual or selected sites, which can bias our understanding of past climate, especially in the absence of other proxy information. Recent studies on MARs from multiple loess sites in Arid Central Asia (ACA) reveal disparities in the timing of peaks in accumulation between sites, as well as asynchronies with loess flux in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). We investigate this issue by (1) dating five new sites from the western Ili Basin, therefore extending the spatial cover of loess chronologies across ACA and (2) combining that with MARs from >30 sites across ACA and the CLP over the last 60 ka. Our results indicate spatio‐temporal inhomogeneity in the timing and rate of loess deposition across the ACA, and highlight the importance of interrogating local and regional influences on dust supply and transport. Our synthesis of MARs from ACA and the CLP suggests that the timing of peak dust flux as an indicator of large‐scale climate dynamics is best derived from an aggregate of sites; this removes site‐specific bias where local processes or topographic settings outweigh the climate signature.
Homo floresiensisandHomo luzonensisare not temporally exceptional relative toHomo erectus
Authors: Roberts David L. , Jarić Ivan , Lycett Stephen J. , Flicker Dylan , Key Alastair
Published: January 2023

The presence ofHomo floresiensisandHomo luzonensisin southeast Asia 90,000 to 60,000 years ago is considered surprising by many, and has been used to support their designation as unique species and the islands they were discovered on as refugia. Here, we statistically test the null hypothesis thatH. floresiensisandH.luzonensisrepresent temporally uninterrupted occurrences relative toHomo erectus. We do this using the ‘surprise test’ for the exceptionality of a new record. Results demonstrate thatH. floresiensisandH. luzonensisare not temporally distinct relative toH. erectus. Their late persistence should, therefore, not be considered surprising, they cannot reliably be inferred to be outside ofH. erectus’ temporal range, and – temporally – the islands of Luzon and Flores are not supported as refugia. Similarly, lateH. erectusat Ngandong, Java, is not demonstrated to be temporally distinct relative to earlier, principally mainland‐Asian,H. erectus. Further, we demonstrate that substantial numbers of fossil discoveries would be needed beforeH. floresiensisandH. luzonensisare outside ofH. erectus’expected temporal range. IfH. floresiensisandH. luzonensisare descended fromH. erectuspopulations, our results point toward either geographic processes of allopatric speciation or behavioural processes leading to a sympatric speciation event.
Oceanographic controls on Southern Ocean dimethyl sulfide distributions revealed by machine learning algorithms
Authors: McNabb Brandon J. , Tortell Philippe D.
Published: January 2023

We developed two machine learning models to map the Southern Ocean distribution of the climate‐active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS) at 20 km resolution. Results obtained from ensembles of random forest regressions and artificial neural networks reproduce observed DMS distributions with significantly higher accuracy than traditional statistical techniques, and are less prone to biases and spatial distortions than existing interpolation‐based climatologies. Both models predict persistently low offshore DMS concentrations associated with the Antarctic circumpolar current, suggesting that wind‐driven overturning mixing is the dominant regional control on DMS distributions. In addition, 60% of the variance in DMS seasonality is explained by changes in mixed layer depth and sea surface temperature, with a significant correlation between DMS concentrations and sea‐ice cover in coastal waters. We further identify the tracer Si* (defined as ) as a potentially important predictor for regional DMS distributions in Southern Ocean waters. At finer scales, our models capture various oceanographic features, including eddies, hydrographic fronts and jets that appear to play a role in driving DMS variability. Our results yield an estimated Southern Ocean sea‐air DMS flux of 8.7 ± 2.1 Tg S integrated across the phytoplankton growing season (October to April), representing 30.8% of total global oceanic S emissions, and highlighting the region's importance to the marine sulfur cycle. Our work provides new insights into the drivers of spatial variability in Southern Ocean DMS concentrations and sea‐air fluxes, and their potential responses to future climate‐dependent changes.
Food web efficiency in desert streams
Authors: Baruch Ethan M. , Harms Tamara K. , Ruhi Albert , Lu Mengdi , Gaines‐Sewell Leah , Sabo John L.
Published: January 2023

Production of animal biomass and the number of trophic levels supported by an ecosystem depend in part on rates of primary production, disturbance, predator–prey interactions, and the efficiency of energy flow through food webs. Of these factors, food web efficiency has been among the most difficult to quantify empirically. Thus, both the drivers and consequences of variation in food web efficiency remain largely unstudied in field settings. We estimated food web efficiency in nine desert streams spanning gradients of flash flood recurrence, resource availability, and trophic structure. Food web efficiency was estimated as fish community production relative to gross primary production at an annual timescale, based on quarterly observations of fish biomass and stream metabolism. Gross primary production was greatest in streams characterized by flashier flow regimes and greater relative light, temperature, and nitrogen availability. Fish production ranged from 0.02 to 0.50 g C m−2 yr−1, food web efficiency ranged from 9.5 × 10−5to 1.8 × 10−2, and both properties decreased with flashier flow regime, light, temperature, and nitrogen availability, but were not associated with food chain length. These results, combined with opposite effects of environmental variation on primary vs. fish production, indicated that the effects of disturbance regime (i.e., scouring floods), light, and temperature on fish production were not strongly mediated by bottom‐up controls. Estimates of food web efficiency under ambient disturbance and resource regimes suggest that a decoupling of energy flow from primary producers to upper trophic levels may prevail in hydrologically dynamic desert stream ecosystems.
Microcrystallization of Atactic Polystyrene Induced by Photooxidation Aging
Authors: Shen Zi‐rui , Lan Bin , Yang Qi
Published: January 2023

Photooxidation aging, hygrothermal aging, and hot‐air aging are carried out on atactic polystyrene (aPS) samples formed by injection molding. It is interesting that microcrystals of atactic polystyrene are only found in photooxidation aging. This work proposes that high molecular weight atactic polystyrene can crystallize under photooxidation aging. It is a good addition to the research on the aspect of crystallization of atactic polystyrene.
Daurisoline suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting MEK1/2 kinase
Authors: Wang Donghao , Zhang Weizhe , Zhang Xiaofan , Li Mingzhu , Wu Qiong , Li Xin , Zhao Lili , Yuan Qiang , Yu Yin , Lu Jing , Zhao Jimin , Dong Zigang , Liu Kangdong , Jiang Yanan
Published: January 2023

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 90% of esophageal cancers and has a high mortality rate worldwide. The 5‐year survival rate of ESCC patients in developing countries is <20%. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing new and effective treatments that are based on newly‐discovered emerging molecules and pathways to prevent ESCC occurrence and recurrence. We investigated the effects of Daurisoline, a bis‐benzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the rhizome of menisperum dauricum, on ESCC cell proliferation and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its functions. To explore the effects of Daurisoline on ESCC growth in vitro and in vivo, cell proliferation assays and anchorage‐independent growth assays were performed and a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model was established. Subsequently, phosphoproteomics, molecular docking analysis, pull down assays, mutation experiments and in vitro kinase assay were performed to explore the mechanism of Daurisoline's function on ESCC. Daurisoline inhibited ESCC proliferation in vitro and reduced ESCC PDX exnograft growth in vivo by reducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, it directly bound to MEK1 (at Asn78 and Lys97) and MEK2 (at Asp194 and Asp212) kinases to inactivate the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that Daurisoline is a dual inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 and suppresses ESCC growth both in vitro and in vivo by inactivating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This is first report on the use of MEK inhibitor for ESCC and highlights its potential applications for ESCC treatment and prevention.
Patients with Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease Benefit from Deep Brain Stimulation: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Block Cady K. , Patel Margi , Risk Benjamin B. , Staikova Ekaterina , Loring David , Esper Christine D. , Scorr Laura , Higginbotham Lenora , Aia Pratibha , DeLong Mahlon R. , Wichmann Thomas , Factor Stewart A. , Au Yong Nicholas , Willie Jon T. , Boulis Nicholas M. , Gross Robert E. , Buetefisch Cathrin , Miocinovic Svjetlana
Published: January 2023

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally contraindicated in persons with dementia but it is frequently performed in people with mild cognitive impairment or normal cognition, and current clinical guidelines are primarily based on these cohorts.

Objectives

To determine if moderately cognitive impaired individuals including those with mild dementia could meaningfully benefit from DBS in terms of motor and non‐motor outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective case‐control study, we identified a cohort of 40 patients with PD who exhibited moderate (two or more standard deviations below normative scores) cognitive impairment (CI) during presurgical workup and compared their 1‐year clinical outcomes to a cohort of 40 matched patients with normal cognition (NC). The surgery targeted subthalamus, pallidus or motor thalamus, in a unilateral, bilateral or staged approach.

Results

At preoperative baseline, the CI cohort had higher Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) subscores, but similar levodopa responsiveness compared to the NC cohort. The NC and CI cohorts demonstrated comparable degrees of postoperative improvement in the OFF‐medication motor scores, motor fluctuations, and medication reduction. There was no difference in adverse event rates between the two cohorts. Outcomes in the CI cohort did not depend on the target, surgical staging, or impaired cognitive domain.

Conclusions

Moderately cognitively impaired patients with PD can experience meaningful motor benefit and medication reduction with DBS.
Development and Psychometric Properties of a New Brief, Yet Comprehensive, Behavioral Questionnaire for Huntington's Disease
Authors: Hughes Shelby , Aboufadel Sameer , Smirnova Anna , Snell Chase , Churchill Emma , Hall Andrew , Malcarne Vanessa , Gilbert Paul E. , Corey‐Bloom Jody
Published: January 2023

Background

Individuals with Huntington's disease (HD) experience motoric, cognitive, and psychiatric dysfunction. These difficulties can cause maladaptive behaviors that can be very distressing to family and caregivers. Capturing these behaviors in clinical and research settings is crucial.

Objectives

To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument that is brief, yet comprehensive, in assessing a broad range of behaviors in HD.

Methods

A pool of 30 items encompassing common behaviors in HD was generated. Items were scored on a 4‐point Likert scale ranging from completely disagree to completely agree, with higher scores indicating greater dysfunction. The self‐report measure was piloted on a small sample of individuals with HD. Reliability (test–retest, internal consistency) and validity (convergent, discriminant, criterion) were evaluated.

Results

The HD–Behavioral Questionnaire (HD‐BQ) demonstrated evidence for reliability with a test–retest correlation coefficient ofr = 0.81 and an internal consistency of 0.96. Validity was established with evidence for good convergent, divergent, and criterion validity. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the HD‐BQ outperformed a similar commonly used measure in diagnostic capability of behaviors in HD.

Conclusions

The HD‐BQ, a patient self‐report measure, was created to more fully explore behavioral issues that people with HD experience in response to limitations of commonly used instruments in the field. Psychometric evidence supports that the HD‐BQ is a valid and reliable instrument for the brief, yet comprehensive, assessment of problematic behaviors in HD.
Dual effects of corporate philanthropy on firm value: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Shuxia , Kong Deyue , Xu Liping , Xu Ruiyu
Published: January 2023

This study demonstrates that corporate philanthropy (CP) has dual attributes by theorizing and testing the existence of rational CP and irrational CP and their opposite effects on firm value. The empirical results show that rational CP has a positive effect on firm value, while irrational CP has a negative effect on firm value. Further analysis shows that the negative effect of irrational CP on firm value is stronger in firms with corporate foundations and in state‐owned firms. The findings can coordinate the theoretical contradiction and empirical divergence between the efficiency view and the agency view existing in the current research.
Omental vascularized lymph node transplant for the treatment of breast lymphedema: A case report
Authors: Hirsch Thomas I. , Friedman Rosie , Granoff Melisa , Tsai Leo L. , Critchlow Jonathan F. , Sharma Ranjna , Singhal Dhruv
Published: January 2023

Breast lymphedema is a type of breast cancer related lymphedema that leads to significant discomfort and negative impact on body image. Conservative therapy and lymphovenous bypass have been previously described as possible treatment methods for breast lymphedema, however, a unified approach to treatment is lacking. The current report describes a case of breast lymphedema successfully treated with vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) after failed attempt at management with conservative therapy. The patient is a 48‐year‐old female with right‐sided breast cancer who underwent breast conservation therapy in 2015 and subsequently developed pain and swelling of the right breast. The diagnosis of breast lymphedema was supported by clinical evaluation as well as MRI, lymphoscintigraphy, and lymphography. In consultation with a breast surgeon, breast lymphedema was determined not to be an indication for mastectomy. The patient was offered and underwent an omental VLNT to the right breast. A 20 cm segment of omentum with associated gastroepiploic vessels and lymph nodes was harvested, transferred to the right axilla and gastroepiploic vessels were anastomosed to the recipient thoracodorsal vessels. The patient tolerated the procedure well and there were no complications. Additional donor sites were considered, such as the groin and submental regions, but an omental flap was favored in this case because of the lower risk of donor site lymphedema. In the years following, the patient reported significant improvement in symptoms as well as objective reduction of edema on MRI. We propose the consideration of VLNT for breast lymphedema refractory to other methods of management.
Theories of tempered fractional calculus applied to tempered fractional Langevin and Vasicek equations
Authors: Obeidat Nazek A. , Rawashdeh Mahmoud S.
Published: January 2023

Our main goal in the current research work is to explore proofs of newly discovered theorems related to tempered fractional calculus. We use a new mechanism, namely, the natural tempered fractional transformation method, which can be used to solve important tempered fractional differential equations that are important in science, such as the linear and nonlinear tempered fractional differential equations. Indeed, we found new exact solutions to both tempered fractional Langevin and Vasicek differential equations and an exact solution for the famous tempered fractional diffusion equation. The new method makes it easier to do the calculations than with the traditional methods, and all you need is a few simple manipulations. Our new research technique is straightforward to use and highly accurate.
Analysis and design of trapezoidal shape CSRR rectangular patch antenna for wireless communications
Authors: Sri P. Amala Vijaya , Ketavath Kumar Naik
Published: January 2023

A monopole rectangular shape patch antenna (RSPA) with trapezoidal shape complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is designed for wireless communication application is presented in this paper. The trapezoidal shape CSRR is considered to obtain circular polarization and rectangular slit is considered to operate antenna for triple frequencies at 1.88, 4.17, and 6.73 GHz, respectively. The axial ratio of 1.25, 1.05, 1.28 dB is observed and a maximum gain of 6.29 dBi at 1.88 GHz frequency is produced. The RSPA model is designed for mobile and fixed satellite application.
Deterioration of mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation in the endometrium is a cause of subfertility in cows
Authors: Matsuyama Shuichi , Nakamura Sho , Minabe Shiori , Sakatani Miki , Takenouchi Naoki , Sasaki Takuya , Inoue Yuki , Iwata Hisataka , Kimura Koji
Published: January 2023

To investigate possible causes of reproductive failure, we conducted global endometrial gene expression analyses in fertile and subfertile cows. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed that RICTOR and SIRT3 are significant upstream regulators for highly expressed genes in fertile cows, and are predicted to be activated upstream regulators of normal mitochondrial respiration. Canonical pathway analysis revealed that these highly expressed genes are involved in the activation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, in subfertile cows, the inactivation of RICTOR and SIRT3 may correlate with decreased capacity of mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, the expression levels of most mitochondrial DNA genes and nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins were higher in subfertile cows. The mitochondrial DNA copy number was significantly higher in the endometrium of subfertile cows, whereas the ATP content did not differ between fertile and subfertile cows. Quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of PGC1a, TFAM, MFN1, FIS1, and BCL2L13 were significantly lower in subfertile cows. In addition, transmission electron microscopy images showed mitochondrial swelling in the endometrial cells of the subfertile cow. These results suggest that poor‐quality mitochondria accumulate in the endometrium owing to a reduced capacity for mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission, and degradation in subfertile cows, and may contribute to infertility.
Reasons for non‐participation in a psychological intervention trial for distress in colorectal cancer survivors
Authors: Custers José A. E. , Döking Sarah , van der Hoeven Yvonne C. W. , Thewes Belinda , Dekker Joost , Braamse Annemarie M. J. , Prins Judith B.
Published: January 2023

Objective

High psychological distress is reported by one third of colorectal cancer survivors (CRCS). However, intervention studies for CRCS have reported low participation rates. In this study, reasons for non‐participation and low uptake in a psychological intervention trial were investigated.

Methods

CRCS were recruited for a randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of blended cognitive behavior therapy for psychological distress via databases, follow‐up consultations, advertisements and an ongoing population‐based study. The recruitment flow and reasons for non‐participation were analyzed for patients recruited between 2016 and 2020. Subgroups were compared based on demographic, clinical and screening data. High distress as study entry criterion was measured with the Distress Thermometer (DT ≥ 5) and the problem list (PL).

Results

From all recruitment methods together, 1326 CRCS responded to the invitation letter of whom 510 (38%) were interested in receiving a screening questionnaire. Interested CRCS were significantly younger than non‐interested CRCS (p < 0.001). Most non‐interested CRCS reported having no complaints. Of interested CRCS, 448 (88%) completed screening with the DT of which 213 (48%) CRCS scored above the DT cutoff for high distress. The majority expressed no need for help resulting in 84 (4% of eligible) CRCS included in the trial. Younger age, shorter time since diagnosis and more problems on the PL were positively related to participation.

Conclusions

In this study a low participation rate was found. However, patients with high distress and most in need for help were included in the trial. For future research it is recommended to perform pilot‐ and feasibility studies to optimize recruitment.
Model‐based meta‐analysis of non‐small cell lung cancer with standard of care PD‐1 inhibitors and chemotherapy for early development decision making
Authors: Turner David C. , Wada Russ , Zhou Helen , Wang Xiaowei , de Greef Rik , Valiathan Chandni , Zhang Lindsey , Zhang Nancy , Kuchimanchi Mita , Chen Tai‐Tsang , Ballas Marc , Visser Sandra A. G.
Published: January 2023

Single‐arm cohorts/trials are often used in early phase oncology programs to support preliminary clinical activity assessments for investigational products, administered alone or in combination with standard of care (SOC) agents. Benchmarking clinical activity of those combinations against other treatments, including SOC, requires indirect comparisons against external trials, which presents challenges including cross‐study differences in trial populations/other factors. To facilitate such nonrandomized comparisons, we developed a comprehensive model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) framework to quantitatively adjust for factors related to efficacy in metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Data were derived from 15 published studies assessing key programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitors pembrolizumab (n = 8) and nivolumab (n = 7), representing current SOC in mNSCLC. In the first stage, a mixed‐effects logistic regression model for overall response rate (ORR) was developed accounting for effects of various population covariates on ORR. The ORR model results indicated an odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 for squamous versus non‐squamous histology and OR of 1.20 for PD‐ligand 1 tumor proportion score (TPS) per every 10% increase of TPS level. Next, a nonparametric mixed‐effects model for overall survival (OS) was developed with ORR/other clinical covariates as input. Subsequently, MBMA simulations of relevant hypothetical scenarios involving single‐arm trial design predicted OS hazard ratios as a function of ORR with matched patient characteristics. Findings from this MBMA and derived parameter estimates can be generally applied by the reader as a framework for interpreting efficacy data from early phase trials to support ORR‐based go/no‐go decisions and futility rules, illustrated through examples in this report.
Research with and by children: A systematic literature review
Authors: Bakhtiar Aishah , Lang Megan , Shelley Becky , West Melody
Published: January 2023

The choice to conduct research projects done with or by children is a political one. It reflects a standpoint that appreciates children's position as agentic beings and acknowledges their expertise. There are complex questions for academics and practitioners engaged in such research projects. This paper reports on a systematic review of peer‐reviewed research relating to children as researchers. The scope of the analysis is limited to children aged 15 and under, who were involved in at least one component of a research project. Twenty‐five published articles are included, and they demonstrate varied methods of engagement. The theoretical perspective the studies adopted may focus on one of three: (a) child‐led research, (b) children as co‐researchers, or (c) youth participatory action research. Not all studies included child researchers in all aspects of a research project, with participation influenced by the adopted theoretical perspective as well as reported barriers and challenges. This review presents the results of a systematic examination of the included papers, including approaches and methodological considerations as well as the socio‐cultural contexts within which projects are carried out. We discuss situational tensions that might inhibit the capacity of adults and children to partner in co‐creating new knowledge and developing robust ways of working together. Finally, we draw attention to three significant dimensions within the findings: the influence on the children‐as‐researchers paradigm of hierarchical structures inherent to academic institutions; the importance of engaging with specific historical, political, and social contexts; and challenges for inclusion and diversity.
Reignite joy within student affairs
Authors: Tucker Melanie V.
Published: January 2023

The makeup of the leadership team that I'm privileged to work with shifted by 70% this academic year. Between new departments being moved into our student affairs division and refilling positions left vacant during what's become known as “the great resignation”, most team members sitting around the proverbial table are either new to the college and/or new to reporting directly to me. Recognizing a desire to successfully welcome new team members, I developed an onboarding plan informed by how our leadership team dynamics changed during the course of the pandemic, and how I anticipated those dynamics would broadly change as the synergy of our leadership team fluctuated with new members joining.
True or false? 4 higher education myths
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: January 2023

A myth is a widely held but false belief or idea. If college administrators believe these myths, it can have negative implications for how they govern in the future.
Did court dismiss student's due process claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2023

John Doe was a member of the Bowling Green State University chapter of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. In May 2021, the university charged Doe and several other Pi Kappa Alpha members with helping to cause the hazing death of a fraternity pledge two months earlier. The victim died of alcohol poisoning.
Peer‐mentoring program connects adult learners
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2023

Kathy Cavanaugh, Education Program Coordinator for Continuing Education at Pennsylvania State University, Berks, attended community college straight out of high school, earning an associate degree in film production, then worked in the film industry in Los Angeles and New York for several years, and after having children she got a part‐time job at Penn State.
Injectable Bone Cement Reinforced with Gold Nanodots Decorated rGO‐Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites, Augment Bone Regeneration
Authors: Chopra Vianni , Thomas Jijo , Kaushik Swati , Rajput Swati , Guha Rajdeep , Mondal Bidya , Naskar Sudip , Mandal Dipankar , Chauhan Gaurav , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Ghosh Deepa
Published: January 2023

Interest in the development of new generation injectable bone cements having appropriate mechanical properties, biodegradability, and bioactivity has been rekindled with the advent of nanoscience. Injectable bone cements made with calcium sulfate (CS) are of significant interest, owing to its compatibility and optimal self‐setting property. Its rapid resorption rate, lack of bioactivity, and poor mechanical strength serve as a deterrent for its wide application. Herein, a significantly improved CS‐based injectable bone cement (modified calcium sulfate termed as CSmod), reinforced with various concentrations (0–15%) of a conductive nanocomposite containing gold nanodots and nanohydroxyapatite decorated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets (AuHp@rGO), and functionalized with vancomycin, is presented. The piezo‐responsive cement exhibits favorable injectability and setting times, along with improved mechanical properties. The antimicrobial, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of the CSmod cement are confirmed using appropriate in vitro studies. There is an upregulation of the paracrine signaling mediated crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded on these cements. The ability of CSmod to induce endothelial cell recruitment and augment bone regeneration is evidenced in relevant rat models. The results imply that the multipronged activity exhibited by the novel‐CSmod cement would be beneficial for bone repair.
A New, Thorough Look on Unusual and Neglected Group III‐VI Compounds Toward Novel Perusals
Authors: Guzzetta Fabrizio , Jellett Cameron W. , Azadmanjiri Jalal , Roy Pradip Kumar , Ashtiani Saeed , Friess Karel , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: January 2023

The attention on group III‐VI compounds in the last decades has been centered on the optoelectronic properties of indium and gallium chalcogenides. These outstanding properties are leading to novel advancements in terms of fundamental and applied science. One of the advantages of these compounds is to present laminated structures, which can be exfoliated down to monolayers. Despite the large knowledge gathered toward indium and gallium chalcogenides, the family of the group III‐VI compounds embraces several other noncommon compounds formed by the other group III elements. These compounds present various crystal lattices, among which a great deal is offered from layered structures. Studies on aluminium chalcogenides show interesting potential as anodes in batteries and as semiconductors. Thallium (Tl), which is commonly present in the +1 oxidation state, is one of the key components in ternary chalcogenides. However, binary Tl–Q (Q = S, Se, Te) systems and derived films are still studied for their semiconducting and thermoelectric properties. This review aims to summarize the biggest features of these unusual materials and to shed some new light on them with the perspective that in the future, novel studies can revive these compounds in order to give rise to a new generation of technology.