bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N‐Doped Mesoporous In2O3 for Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution from the In‐based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gan Xiaoyu , Zheng Ruijin , Liu Tianlin , Meng Jiao , Chen Ruiping , Sun Xuan , Sun Xun
Published: February 2017

As an excellent n‐type semiconductor, indium oxide (In2O3) is also a good candidate for photocatalysis such as light‐induced water splitting. However, the efficiency of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) underperforms in view of the wide band gap (BG) and fast charge recombination in In2O3. N‐doping provides a sound method to narrow the BG and to prohibit the charge recombination by forming new energy levels between the valence band (VB) and the conduction band (CB). In this work, an In‐based organic framework sod‐ZMOF was used as a precursor to prepare the N‐doped In2O3. After calcination, sod‐ZMOF is transformed into N‐doped In2O3 nanocrystalline, in which the ligand within sod‐ZMOF serves as the nitrogen source. In addition, sod‐ZMOF acts as self‐template during calcination to generate abundant nanopores within the In2O3 frameworks, providing large specific surface area and active sites for OER. The BG is narrowed to 2.9 from 3.7 eV of the pure In2O3 on account of the N‐doping. N species are doped in both the substitutional and interstitial fashion, and the interstitial doping is believed to improve the photo‐induced carrier separation by the formation of oxygen vacancies. As a consequence, the overpotential for OER is effectively decreased from the pure In2O3, and the electrocatalytic experiment proves superior catalytic activity with a high current density and long‐term durability compared to the In2O3 nanoparticles obtained from In(OH)3.
Bistable Photoswitching of Hemithioindigo with Green and Red Light: Entry Point to Advanced Molecular Digital Information Processing
Authors: Kink Florian , Collado Marina Polo , Wiedbrauk Sandra , Mayer Peter , Dube Henry
Published: February 2017

Photoswitches reacting to visible light instead of harmful UV irradiation are of very high interest due to the mild and broadly compatible conditions of their operation. Shifting the absorption into the red region of the electromagnetic spectrum usually comes at the cost of losing thermal stability of the metastable state—the switch switches off by itself. Only recently have photoswitches become available that combine visible light responsiveness with high bistability. However, shifting the wavelengths for bistable photoswitching beyond 600 nm is still a great challenge without involving secondary processes such as two‐photon absorption or sensitization. We present a simple hemithioindigo photoswitch that can efficiently be photoisomerized using green and red light while maintaining a high thermal barrier of the metastable state. This highly sought after properties allow for selective switching in a mixture of hemithioindigo dyes. In addition, protonation can be used as second independent input altering the light response of the switch and allowing construction of advanced molecular digital information processing devices. This is demonstrated by realizing a broad variety of logical operations covering combinational and sequential logic behavior. By making use of the protonation‐induced loss of thermal bistability, a high security keypad lock could be realized, which distinguishes the sequences of three different inputs and additionally erases its unlocked state after a short time.
Mother's little helpers: What we know (and don't know) about cooperative infant care in callitrichines
Authors: Erb Wendy M. , Porter Leila M.
Published: February 2017

Since Darwin (), scientists have been puzzled by how behaviors that impose fitness costs on helpers while benefiting their competitors could evolve through natural selection. Hamilton's () theory of inclusive fitness provided an explanation by showing how cooperative behaviors could be adaptive if directed at closely related kin. Recent studies, however, have begun to question whether kin selection is sufficient to explain cooperative behavior in some species (Bergmüller, Johnstone, Russell, & Bshary, ). Many researchers have instead emphasized the importance of direct fitness benefits for helpers in the evolution of cooperative breeding systems. Furthermore, individuals can vary in who, when, and how much they help, and the factors that affect this variation are poorly understood (Cockburn, ; Heinsohn, ). Cooperative breeders thus provide excellent models for the study of evolutionary theories of cooperation and conflict (Cant, ).
Real exchange rate persistence and the excess return puzzle: The case of Switzerland versus the US
Authors: Juselius Katarina , Assenmacher Katrin
Published: February 2017

The PPP puzzle refers to the wide swings of nominal exchange rates around their long‐run equilibrium values whereas the excess return puzzle represents the persistent deviation of the domestic‐foreign interest rate differential from the expected change in the nominal exchange rate. Using theI(2) cointegrated VAR model, much of the excess return puzzle disappears when an uncertainty premium in the foreign exchange market, proxied by the persistent PPP gap, is introduced. Self‐reinforcing feedback mechanisms seem to cause the persistence in the Swiss‐US parity conditions. These results support imperfect knowledge based expectations rather than so‐called “rational expectations”.
Contextualisation of Human Rights Discourse by NGO Workers in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Noh Jae‐Eun
Published: February 2017

This article explores the particular understanding and practice of a human rights‐based approach (HRBA) in ActionAid Bangladesh, drawing on 28 interviews and 35 documents. Employing thematic analysis, it identifies changes in ActionAid Bangladesh's HRBA influenced by the organisational and national contexts and by the role of development practitioners. The changes are conceptualised as the product of ‘internalisation’, non‐governmental organisation workers' building understanding of and commitment to a HRBA, and ‘contextualisation’, their shaping the HRBA to fit organisational and national contexts. This paper argues the importance of human agency for discourse change, noting the influence of contexts on both agency and discourse. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomically Standardized Maps Reveal Distinct Patterns of Cartilage Thickness With Increasing Severity of Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Favre Julien , Erhart‐Hledik Jennifer C. , Blazek Katerina , Fasel Benedikt , Gold Garry E. , Andriacchi Thomas P.
Published: February 2017

While cartilage thickness alterations are a central element of knee osteoarthritis (OA), differences among disease stages are still incompletely understood. This study aimed to quantify the spatial‐variations in cartilage thickness using anatomically standardized thickness maps and test if there are characteristic patterns in patients with different stages of medial compartment knee OA. Magnetic resonance images were acquired for 75 non‐OA and 100 OA knees of varying severities (Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scores 1–4). Three‐dimensional cartilage models were reconstructed and a shape matching technique was applied to convert the models into two‐dimensional anatomically standardized thickness maps. Difference thickness maps and statistical parametric mapping were used to compare the four OA and the non‐OA subgroups. This analysis showed distinct thickness patterns for each clinical stage that formed a coherent succession from the non‐OA to the KL 4 subgroups. Interestingly, the only significant difference for early stage (KL 1) was thicker femoral cartilage. With increase in disease severity, typical patterns developed, including thinner cartilage in the anterior area of the medial condyle (significant for KL 3 and 4) and thicker cartilage in the posterior area of the medial and lateral condyles (significant for all OA subgroups). The tibial patterns mainly consisted of thinner cartilage for both medial and lateral compartments (significant for KL 2–4). Comparing anatomically standardized maps allowed identifying patterns of thickening and thinning over the entire cartilage surface, consequently improving the characterization of thickness differences associated with OA. The results also highlighted the value of anatomically standardized maps to analyze spatial variations in cartilage thickness. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2442–2451, 2017.
Advanced pharmacy practice: aligning national action with global targets
Authors: Galbraith Kirsten , Coombes Ian , Matthews Andrew , Rowett Debra , Bader Lina R. , Bates Ian
Published: February 2017

Formalised advanced pharmacy practice is needed now more than ever for pharmacists to be able to competently manage increasingly complex patient services and demanding healthcare needs. Principally spearheaded by the International Pharmaceutical Federation, global efforts are guiding the development of foundation and advanced frameworks and facilitating their implementation. Australian action on practitioner development is largely aligned with international goals, but challenges remain in the face of establishing a sustainable national formal credentialing pathway. This paper reports on the latest global and local developments and discusses the opportunities available to continue to advance this agenda in line with global targets.
The industrial applications of cassava: current status, opportunities and prospects
Authors: Li Shubo , Cui Yanyan , Zhou Yuan , Luo Zhiting , Liu Jidong , Zhao Mouming
Published: February 2017

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a drought‐tolerant, staple food crop that is grown in tropical and subtropical areas. As an important raw material, cassava is a valuable food source in developing countries and is also extensively employed for producing starch, bioethanol and other bio‐based products (e.g. feed, medicine, cosmetics and biopolymers). These cassava‐based industries also generate large quantities of wastes/residues rich in organic matter and suspended solids, providing great potential for conversion into value‐added products through biorefinery. However, the community of cassava researchers is relatively small and there is very limited information on cassava. Therefore this review summarizes current knowledge on the system biology, economic value, nutritional quality and industrial applications of cassava and its wastes in an attempt to accelerate understanding of the basic biology of cassava. The review also discusses future perspectives with respect to integrating and utilizing cassava information resources for increasing the economic and environmental sustainability of cassava industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy for base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Christopherson Kaitlin , Morris Christopher G. , Kirwan Jessica M. , Amdur Robert J. , Dziegielewski Peter T. , Boyce Brian J. , Mendenhall William M.
Published: February 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

To evaluate the long‐term disease control, survival, and complications after definitive radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy with or without planned neck dissection for base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Study Design

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 467 patients treated at the University of Florida with definitive RT alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy between 1964 and 2011 for base of tongue SCC.

Methods

Median follow‐up was 5.6 years. Median total dose to the primary site was 74.4 Gy. Eighty‐seven patients (19%) were treated with once‐daily fractionation, and 380 (81%) received altered fractionation schedules. Intensity‐modulated RT was used in 128 patients (27%). Chemotherapy was administered to 173 (37%) patients. Planned neck dissection after RT was performed in 226 patients (48%). Data regarding p16 pathway activation were available for 25 patients.

Results

At 5 years, the local, local–regional, and regional control rates were 85.5%, 80.0%, and 90.0%, respectively. The 5‐year overall, cause‐specific, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were 59.1%, 71.5%, and 84.1%, respectively. Sixty‐four patients (14%) developed one or more severe late complications. Fifty patients (11%) required late gastrostomy tube placement.

Conclusions

This study supports the continued use of RT alone or combined with adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with base of tongue SCC, as this treatment yields high rates of cause‐specific survival and disease control, with a relatively low rate of late complications.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 127:1589–1594, 2017
3D Composite Assemblies of Microparticles and Nanofibers for Tailored Wettability and Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Lavielle Nicolas , Hébraud Anne , Thöny‐Meyer Linda , Rossi René M. , Schlatter Guy
Published: February 2017

The control of the drug release kinetics is of prime importance for the design of bioactive nanofibrous membrane. Whereas simple drug‐loaded electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibrous membranes have a hydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle above 130°, the introduction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles in the PLA mesh renders the resulting PLA–PEG composites hydrophilic with a water contact angle below 25° enabling water to penetrate efficiently into the mesh. Tuning the wettability impacts the drug release profile and is exploited to design multilayer membranes for temporal and spatial controlled drug delivery: amphiphilic bilayer nanofibrous membranes having one hydrophobic side of dye‐loaded PLA nanofibers and one hydrophilic layer of dye‐loaded PLA–PEG composite allow a preferential release from the hydrophilic side for more than 100 h. Sandwich‐like nanofibrous membranes with dye‐loaded PLA nanoparticles confined between two PLA nanofibrous layers are also envisaged for tailored temporal drug delivery. The delivery of the drug is thus controlled by the thickness and wettability of the external layers of the sandwich.

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Iron accumulation and dysregulation in the putamen in fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
Authors: Ariza Jeanelle , Rogers Hailee , Hartvigsen Anna , Snell Melissa , Dill Michael , Judd Derek , Hagerman Paul , Martínez‐Cerdeño Verónica
Published: February 2017

Background: Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome is an adult‐onset disorder associated with premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene. This disorder is characterized by progressive action tremor, gait ataxia, and cognitive decline. Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome pathology includes dystrophic white matter and intranuclear inclusions in neurons and astrocytes. We previously demonstrated that the transport of iron into the brain is altered in fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome; therefore, we also expect an alteration of iron metabolism in brain areas related to motor control. Iron is essential for cell metabolism, but uncomplexed iron leads to oxidative stress and contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated a potential iron modification in the putamen ‐ a structure that participates in motor learning and performance ‐ in fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.

Methods: We used samples of putamen obtained from 9 fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome and 9 control cases to study iron localization using Perl's method, and iron‐binding proteins using immunostaining.

Results: We found increased iron deposition in neuronal and glial cells in the putamen in fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. We also found a generalized decrease in the amount of the iron‐binding proteins transferrin and ceruloplasmin, and decreased number of neurons and glial cells that contained ceruloplasmin. However, we found increased levels of iron, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin in microglial cells, indicating an attempt by the immune system to remove the excess iron.

Conclusions: Overall, found a deficit in proteins that eliminate extra iron from the cells with a concomitant increase in the deposit of cellular iron in the putamen in Fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Emergency department and inpatient coding for self‐harm and suicide attempts: Validation using clinician assessment data
Authors: Randall Jason R. , Roos Leslie L. , Lix Lisa M. , Katz Laurence Y. , Bolton James M.
Published: February 2017

Administrative data have been used to determine the occurrence of suicide attempts and deliberate self‐harm, but research about the accuracy of these sources is limited. This study used a clinical sample (n = 5719) containing psychiatry consultations from the emergency departments and inpatient units of the two major tertiary hospitals in Winnipeg, Canada to validate the accuracy of inpatient hospital diagnosis codes at identifying presentations for self‐harm and suicide attempts. The Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment (C‐CASA) was used as the gold standard. International Classification of Diseases version 10 Canadian Enhancement codes for intentional self‐harm, undetermined intent self‐harm, and accidental poisoning were assessed. Measures of validity included Kappa (κ), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Sensitivity of hospitalized attempts was low using intentional intent codes (36.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.4–41.4%) but improved using unknown intent and accidental poisoning codes (44.8%, 95% CI: 40.2–49.4%). Agreement for suicide attempts did not increase with the addition of unknown intent and accidental poisoning codes (κ = 0.465–0.481), but were better for any self‐harm (κ = 0.395–0.478). Hospital diagnosis codes undercount attempts and self‐harm admissions. Including more data sources might improve the detection of events.
Pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas arising at visceral sites
Authors: Ferrari Andrea , Magni Chiara , Bergamaschi Luca , Cecchetto Giovanni , Alaggio Rita , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Bertolini Patrizia , Basso Eleonora , Manzitti Carla , Di Martino Martina , Giurici Nauga , Melchionda Fraia , Cecinati Valerio , Chiaravalli Stefano , Affinita Maria Carmen , Scagnellato Angela , Casanova Michela , Bisogno Gianni
Published: February 2017

Background

Pediatric nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) may rarely occur in visceral tissues, and little is known about their clinical history. The present study retrospectively analyzed a group of patients prospectively registered in Italian pediatric protocols conducted between 1979 and 2004.

Methods

Inclusion criteria for the study were as follows: a pathological diagnosis of “adult‐type NRSTS,” arising at visceral sites (lung‐pleurae, liver, kidney, and mesentery‐bowel); age under 18 years; no previous treatment except for primary surgery; available clinical data; and written consent.

Results

Thirty cases with visceral NRSTS were collected and analyzed. Sites of origin were as follows: mesentery‐bowel in 12 cases, lung‐pleurae in 11, liver in 5, and kidney in 2. According to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) surgical grouping system, patients were classified as follows: nine IRS group I, three group II, 12 group III, and six group IV. Patients were treated with a multimodal approach including surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy, according to their characteristics. For the series as a whole, the 5‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were 33.3% and 40.0%, respectively. The IRS group (reflecting the feasibility of initial complete resection) emerged as the main prognostic factor. Survival rates also correlated with tumor size and local invasiveness, histological subtype, and tumor sites (the worst outcome was seen for tumors arising in the lung and pleurae).

Conclusions

This study confirmed that visceral NRSTS are aggressive tumors carrying a worse prognosis than pediatric NRSTS arising in soft tissues of the extremities. Local treatment remains the main challenge for these tumors.
Scientific Importance of Water‐Processable PEDOT–PSS and Preparation, Challenge and New Application in Sensors of Its Film Electrode: A Review
Authors: Wen Yangping , Xu Jingkun
Published: February 2017

In this review, PEDOT–PSS is mainly a commercially available PEDOT–PSS, which is a water‐dispersible form of the intrinsically conducting PEDOT doped with the water‐soluble PSS, including its derivatives, copolymers, analogs (PEDOT:PSSs), even their composites via the chemical or physical modification toward the structure of PEDOT and/or PSS. First, we will focus on discussing the scientific importance of PEDOT–PSS in conjunction with its extraordinary properties and broad multidisciplinary applications in organic/polymeric electronics and optoelectronics from the viewpoint of the historical development and the promising application of representative ECPs. Subsequently, versatile film‐forming techniques for the preparation of PEDOT–PSS film electrode were described in details, including common coating approaches and printing techniques, and many emerging preparative methods were mentioned. Then challenges (e.g., conductivity, stability in Water, adhesion to substrate electrode) of PEDOT–PSS film electrode for devices under the high humidity/watery circumstances, especially electrochemical devices are discussed. Fourth, we take PEDOT–PSS film electrode for a relatively new application in sensors as an example, mainly summarized advances in the development of various sensors based on PEDOT–PSSs and their composites in combination with its preparative methods and extraordinary properties. Finally, we give the outlook of PEDOT–PSS for possible applications with the emphasis on PEDOT–PSS film electrode for electrochemical devices, including sensors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 55, 1121–1150
Glycidyl Azide‐Butadiene Block Copolymers: Synthesis from the Homopolymers and a Chain Extender
Authors: Filippi Sara , Mori Leonardo , Cappello Miriam , Polacco Giovanni
Published: February 2017

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an “energetic” alternative to hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), but has poorer mechanical properties. Since HTPB‐GAP mechanical blends are markedly biphasic, the use of block copolymers may be the solution to join the advantages of both. The copolymers were synthesized from the homopolymers by using two chain extenders: hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and adipoyl chloride (AdCl). Both reagents gave homogeneous and stable polymeric mixtures, but with HDI there are risks of gelation during reaction. Therefore, the product obtained with AdCl is the best candidate to be used as binder or as compatibilizer in GAP‐HTPB mechanical blends.
Integrated Approaches to Water Resource and Solid Waste Management for Sustainable Development
Authors: Ikhlayel Mahdi , Nguyen Lan Huong
Published: February 2017

We aim in this paper to address the sustainability challenge of how an integrated approach can lead to figuring out solutions to complex issues for modern societies. We reviewed papers related to integrated water resource management (IWRM) and integrated solid waste management (ISWM) to advocate some innovative concepts and methodologies of sustainability science. An investigation of the concepts of IWRM and ISWM over various sustainability science research clusters and dimensions is presented. Water resource management projects at different scales and across various geographical boundaries are reviewed to understand the IWRM approach. The ISWM approach is discussed with regard to research topics and methodologies from selected case studies in developed and developing countries. We sought to look at various definitions, the integrated elements, and the similarities and differences between the two approaches. We also present our definitions for each approach. Our findings show how integrated thinking can help in achieving sustainable development. Finally, we present our recommendations for possible implications to the integrated approach in order to accelerate the process of sustainable development. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Synthesis, Structural and Biological Studies of Some Half‐Sandwich d6‐Metal Complexes with Pyrimidine‐Based Ligands
Authors: Aradhyula Basava Punna Rao , Kalidasan Mahesh , Gangele Krishnakant , Deb Debojit K. , Shepherd Samanta L. , Phillips Roger M. , Poluri Krishna Mohan , Kollipara Mohan Rao
Published: February 2017

The reaction of metal precursors {[Cp*MCl2]2 (M=Rh, Ir)} with 2‐aminopyrimidine (L1) gave binuclear complexes as [(Cp*MCl2)2(μ‐L1)], where L1 acted as a bridging ligand. While 2‐mercaptopyrimidine (L2) with [Cp*MCl2]2 {M=Rh(III), Ir(III)} formed mononuclear di substituted complexes as [Cp*M(L2)2], where L2 acted as a chelating as well as a monodentate ligand. The reaction of [CpRu(PPh3)2Cl] with 2‐mercaptopyrimidine (L2) led to the formation of mononuclear complex as general formula [CpRu(PPh3)(L2)] in presence of a base. 2‐Mercaptopyrimidine ligand resulted complexes with strained four‐membered metallacycle while 2‐aminopyrimidine yielded bridged complexes. HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps and UV‐Visible bands were additionally rationalised by the DFT studies. The binding ability of the complexes to the CT‐DNA was confirmed using UV‐Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial activity of the complexes was evaluated against human pathogenic bacteria. Cytotoxicity of the complexes was examined by the MTT assay over three cancerous and one non‐cancer cell lines viz., BE, HT‐29, MIA−Pa‐Ca2 and ARPE‐19.
1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazole‐ and 1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazole–based Bis‐Sulfonamides in Selective Fluorescence Sensing of ATP
Authors: Dey Santu , Sarkar Tanmay , Majumdar Anupam , Pathak Tanmaya , Ghosh Kumaresh
Published: February 2017

1,4‐ and 1,5‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole scaffolds as surrogate of amide with large dipole moment have been utilized to access two isomeric naphthylthiourea‐based chemosensors 1 and 2 in appreciable overall yields. The easily synthesizable chemosensors 1 and 2 are designed to recognize anions and also to realize a comparative view on their sensing potentials. Different inorganic phosphates and a group of phosphorylated nucleosides such as ATP, ADP and AMP are selectively recognized by these chemosensors in semi aqueous system. The fluorometric study revealed that both the sensors sensed ATP selectively in CH3CN/H2O (4/1,v/v) by showing considerable increase in emission. 1,4‐Disubstituted triazole‐based sensor 1 has been established to be more effective than the 1,5‐disubstituted triazole‐based sensor 2 in selective sensing of ATP.
Introducing Supramolecular Interactions into Robust Bis(tetrabromocatecholate) Chelated Manganese(III) Systems and Biomimetic Catalytic Activity
Authors: Panja Anangamohan , Jana Narayan Ch. , Bauzá Antonio , Adak Sarmistha , Mwania Tom M. , Eichhorn David M. , Frontera Antonio
Published: February 2017

This report deals with the syntheses, structures, supramolecular interactions, and biomimetic catalytic activity of three new manganese(III) complexes (1–3) containing the tetrabromocatechol ligand. Three different amines were used, with the goal of introducing their protonated species into the crystal lattice as counter cations for the robust bis(tetrabromocatecholate) chelated manganese(III) anionic species. All these systems present interesting noncovalent interactions in their crystal packing, including hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, π –stacking and anion–π interactions. The geometrical differences (octahedral vs square pyramidal) have been analyzed by means of DFT studies, revealing that the strong anion–π interaction of pyridine with the complex anion compensates for the absence of one apical methanol molecule in 3. All of the complexes exhibited leveling catalytic activity for aerobic oxidation of 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol. DFT calculations support the formation of a stable complex‐substrate intermediate through hydrogen bonding, thereby disclosing the origin of catecholase activity of these complex anions.
Uncovering sustainability concerns in software product lines
Authors: Chitchyan Ruzanna , Groher Iris , Noppen Joost
Published: February 2017

Sustainable living, ie, living within the bounds of the available environmental, social, and economic resources, is the focus of many present‐day social and scientific discussions. But what does sustainability mean within the context of software engineering? In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive analysis of 8 case studies to address this question within the context of a specific software engineering approach, software product line engineering (SPLE). We identify the sustainability‐related characteristics that arise in present‐day studies that apply SPLE. We conclude that technical and economic sustainability are in prime focus on the present SPLE practice, with social sustainability issues, where they relate to organisations, also addressed to a good degree. On the other hand, the issues related to the personal sustainability are less prominent, and environmental considerations are nearly completely amiss. We present feature models and cross‐relations that result from our analysis as a starting point for sustainability engineering through SPLE, suggesting that any new development should consider how these models would be instantiated and expanded for the intended sociotechnical system. The good representation of sustainability features in these models is also validated with 2 additional case studies.
Oxidative stress and genetic damage among workers exposed primarily to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides
Authors: Zepeda‐Arce Rigoberto , Rojas‐García Aurora Elizabeth , Benitez‐Trinidad Alma , Herrera‐Moreno José Francisco , Medina‐Díaz Irma Martha , Barrón‐Vivanco Briscia S. , Villegas Germán Pier , Hernández‐Ochoa Isabel , Sólis Heredia María de Jesús , Bernal‐Hernández Yael Y.
Published: February 2017

The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture and public health campaigns has been associated with an increase of oxidative stress and DNA damage, resulting in health outcomes. Some defense mechanisms against free radical‐induced oxidative damage include the antioxidant enzyme systems. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and the relationship of antioxidant enzyme levels with DNA damage among sprayers (workers) occupationally exposed to pesticides. The determinations of MDA and antioxidant enzymes were performed spectrophotometrically. The genotoxic effects were evaluated using the comet assay. The results showed a marginally significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities in the high exposure group compared to the control group. For MDA, statistically significant differences were found among people working long term vs. those working temporarily (P = 0.02) as sprayers. In the moderate exposure group, a positive correlation was observed between MDA levels and GPx activity. In the high exposure group, a negative correlation was observed between GR and CAT activities, and between MDA levels and GPx activities. Furthermore, in the high exposure group, a positive correlation between DNA damage parameters and MDA levels was observed. The results suggest an important role of antioxidant enzymes for the protection of DNA damage caused by occupational exposure to pesticides.
Use Cases and Suitability Metrics for Unit Ontologies
Authors: Steinberg Markus D. , Schindler Sirko , Keil Jan Martin
Published: February 2017

Units of measurement are an essential part of dataset descriptions as they are required for a valid interpretation of the data. One obvious choice for representing units are ontologies, but as every application supports different use cases a multitude of ontologies has been created. Each of these is suited best for just a subset of the possible use cases. The problem of choosing an ontology for a new project hence consists of two major aspects: What use cases need to be covered and which ontology caters best to them?

We describe possible use cases and analyze their requirements. The results are then used to assess the modeling of the domain in different ontologies with respect to their suitability for those use cases. This analysis shows the differences in the support for different use cases. It can help developers to choose the best ontology for their specific needs and also highlights areas for further ontology improvement.
Selection of Two Identical Pictures from a Group of Similar Ones II: Changes in Ongoing EEG Activity
Authors: Petrek Josef
Published: February 2017

The paper presents finding of an experiment the aim of which was to judge the impact of an instant cognitive activity (identical pictures searching) on behavior of ongoing EEG activity. Two types of mental task were used: The first — passive watching of a blank white oval and the second — active searching for identical pictures in a group of similar nine line-drawings of living individuals or inanimate objects filling out the white oval.

Presented results showed that higher mental load pertinent to active searching for identical pictures in a group of similar pictures results in the prominent event-related desynchronization (ERD) — the mean Total Power value, a quantitative measure of ERD extent, in comparison with reference level (passive watching) was lower while solving the mental task.

The results also showed that the actual mental task performance affects the ERD only at some scalp-recording sites. The mean EEG Total Power significantly decreases at parietal and frontal scalp-recording sites whereas the significant decrease of the Frequency at Maximum Power involves occipital scalp electrodes, too.

Our results also demonstrated that some subject’s personality traits (moderation, openness and extraversion) affect the actual decrease/increase in size of Frequency at Maximum Power during active mental task solving.

Presented findings point at the high suitability of the ERD method to uncover differences in people’s brain activation patterns when engaged in performing cognitively demanding tasks.
Compulsive Hoarding in an Older Adult with Aggression, Delusions and Memory Loss: A Multimodality Neuroimaging Study
Authors: Chennamchetty Vijay N. , Poprawski Teresa J. , Crayton John W. , Hamilton Elizabeth A. , Konopka Lukasz M.
Published: February 2017

Multimodal assessment practices offer enriching contributions to linkages between clinical presentation and brain presen-tation. The following case study is an illustration of the effectiveness of structural and functional imaging in the diagnosis process. In this article a clinical vignette is given in which the client (Mr. B) presents with aggressive behavior, delu-sions, memory complaints and hoarding behaviors. The findings of the case of presented based on multimodal structural and functional imaging. Mr. B was evaluated using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), EEG (electroencephalography), qEEG (quantitative EEG), LORETA (low resolution electromagnetic tomography), SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), quantitative SPECT and neuropsychological testing.

Visual analysis of EEG recording revealed sharp waves with reversals primarily in the mid-central region (Cz). Quantita-tive analysis of background activity acquired in eyes closed and alert state revealed increased absolute and relative beta power maximally distributed to the mid-central region (Cz). This was consistent with the source analysis obtained from LORETA. Visual inspection of SPECT data indicated increased blood perfusion in the posterior cingulate cortex. The quantitative analysis of SPECT images, on the contrary revealed decreased perfusion in both anterior and posterior cingu-late cortex. Furthermore, increased perfusion in bilateral sensori-motor cortices (right more than left) and decreased per-fusion in the left posterior temporal lobe was observed. T-1 based MRI of the brain showed generalized cerebral atrophy. On neuropsychological testing Mr. B was able to complete only tests of lesser complexity. Base on published data Mr. B’s structural and functional imaging can be linked to his clinical presentation and a potential diagnosis of Frontal Tem-poral lobe Disorder (FTD). The use of multimodalities and objective analysis of data can lead to more accurate case con-ceptualizations and linkages between brain structure/functionality and clinical presentation.
Sensory Transduction and Subjective Experience: Expression of Eight Genes in Three Senses Suggests a Radical Model of Consciousness
Authors: King Chris
Published: February 2017

Recent research into whole genome mapping of the mouse brain has made possible direct investigation of the brain expression of unusual genes. A search of the Allen Brain Atlas database has provided genetic and neuro-anatomical evidence for widespread specific expression in the brain of eight genes specific to sensory transduction, in vision, hearing and touch. A novel biophysical model is proposed for the function of these proteins, in generating the internal model of experiential reality.
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome and Swearing
Authors: Korenar Michal
Published: February 2017

Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare form of epilepsy diagnosed as acquired aphasia alternatively as acquired verbal agnosia co-occurring with epileptic seizures. This article provides an overview of some relevant case studies of Landau-Kleffner patients and also some neuro-measurement studies of the neurophysiology of the disease. Recently there is no evidence whether the epileptic seizures in LKS are located in basal ganglia, limbic or subcortical circuits involved in swear words processing.
An Assessment of the Ductile Fracture Behavior of Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L Stainless Steel
Authors: Cooper A. J. , Smith R. J. , Sherry A. H.
Published: February 2017

Type 300 austenitic stainless steel manufactured by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has recently been shown to exhibit subtly different fracture behavior from that of equivalent graded forged steel, whereby the oxygen remaining in the component after HIP manifests itself in the austenite matrix as nonmetallic oxide inclusions. These inclusions facilitate fracture by acting as nucleation sites for the initiation, growth, and coalescence of microvoids in the plastically deforming austenite matrix. Here, we perform analyses based on the Rice–Tracey (RT) void growth model, supported by instrumented Charpy and J-integral fracture toughness testing at ambient temperature, to characterize the degree of void growth ahead of both a V-notch and crack in 304L stainless steel. We show that the hot isostatically pressed (HIP’d) 304L steel exhibits a lower critical void growth at the onset of fracture than that observed in forged 304L steel, which ultimately results in HIP’d steel exhibiting lower fracture toughness at initiation and impact toughness. Although the reduction in toughness of HIP’d steel is not detrimental to its use, due to the steel’s sufficiently high toughness, the study does indicate that HIP’d and forged 304L steel behave as subtly different materials at a microstructural level with respect to their fracture behavior.
Bridging cognitive screening tests in neurologic disorders: A crosswalk between the short Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini‐Mental State Examination
Authors: Roalf David R. , Moore Tyler M. , Mechanic‐Hamilton Dawn , Wolk David A. , Arnold Steven E. , Weintraub Daniel A. , Moberg Paul J.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

To provide a crosswalk between the recently proposed short Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s‐MoCA) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) within a clinical cohort.

Methods

A total of 791 participants, with and without neurologic conditions, received both the MMSE and the MoCA at the same visit. s‐MoCA scores were calculated and equipercentile equating was used to create a crosswalk between the s‐MoCA and MMSE.

Results

As expected, s‐MoCA scores were highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.82, P < .001) with MMSE scores. s‐MoCA scores correctly classified 85% of healthy older adults and 91% of individuals with neurologic conditions that impair cognition. In addition, we provide an easy to use table that enables the conversion of s‐MoCA score to MMSE score.

Discussion

The s‐MoCA is quick to administer, provides high sensitivity and specificity for cognitive impairment, and now can be compared directly with the MMSE.
“Macho” Beliefs Moderate the Association Between Negative Sexual Episodes and Activation of Incompetence Schemas in Sexual Context, in Gay and Heterosexual Men
Authors: Peixoto Maria Manuela , Nobre Pedro
Published: February 2017

Background

Despite the existence of conceptual models of sexual dysfunction based on cognitive theory, few studies have tested the role of vulnerability factors such as sexual beliefs as moderators of the activation of cognitive schemas in response to negative sexual events.

Aim

To test the moderator role of dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the association between the frequency of negative sexual episodes and the activation of incompetence schemas in gay and heterosexual men.

Methods

Five-hundred seventy-five men (287 gay, 288 heterosexual) who completed an online survey on cognitive-affective dimensions and sexual functioning were selected from a larger database. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that dysfunctional sexual beliefs moderate the association between the frequency of unsuccessful sexual episodes and the activation of incompetence schemas.

Outcome

Participants completed the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schemas Activated in Sexual Context.

Results

Findings indicated that men's ability for always being ready for sex, to satisfy the partner, and to maintain an erection until ending sexual activity constitute “macho” beliefs that moderate the activation of incompetence schemas when unsuccessful sexual events occur in gay and heterosexual men. In addition, activation of incompetence schemas in response to negative sexual events in gay men was moderated by the endorsement of conservative attitudes toward moderate sexuality.

Clinical Implications

The main findings suggested that psychological interventions targeting dysfunctional sexual beliefs could help de-catastrophize the consequences of negative sexual events and facilitate sexual functioning.

Strengths and Limitations

Despite being a web-based study, it represents the first attempt to test the moderator role of dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the association between the frequency of unsuccessful sexual episodes and the activation of incompetence schemas in gay and heterosexual men.

Conclusion

Overall, findings support the role of sexual beliefs as facilitators of the activation of incompetence schemas in the face of negative sexual events in gay and heterosexual men, emphasizing the need to develop treatment and prevention strategies aimed at challenging common male beliefs about sexuality.
Asymptotic approach to singular solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations involving critical Sobolev exponent
Authors: Han Zheng-Chao
Published: February 2017

We study the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions of semilinear equations with nearly critical nonlinearity. The solutions are shown to blow up at exactly one point. The exact rate and location of blowing up are studied.

On étudie le comportement asymptotique de solutions positives d’équations elliptiques semi-linéaires présentant une non-linéarité presque critique. Les solutions explosent en un seul point, et on étudie la localisation de ce point et le rythme d’explosion.
Will vs. Reason: The Populist and Technocratic Forms of Political Representation and Their Critique to Party Government
Authors: CARAMANI DANIELE
Published: February 2017

The article compares analytically populism and technocracy as alternative forms of political representation to party government. It argues that populist and technocratic principles of representation challenge fundamental features of party democracy. The two alternative forms of representation are addressed theoretically from the perspective of political representation. First, the article identifies the commonalities between the two forms of representation: both populism and technocracy are based on a unitary, nonpluralist, unmediated, and unaccountable vision of society's general interest. Second, it highlights their differences. Technocracy stresses responsibility and requires voters to entrust authority to experts who identify the general interest from rational speculation. Populism stresses responsiveness and requires voters to delegate authority to leaders who equate the general interest with a putative will of the people. While the populist form of representation has received considerable attention, the technocratic one has been neglected. The article presents a more complete picture of the analytical relationship between them.
The social geography of Cork City elections, 1801–30
Authors: Jupp Peter J. , Royle Stephen A.
Published: February 2017

Although it has long been recognised that the politics of the larger Irish borough constituencies before the reform acts of 1832 turned on conflicts of opinion over serious issues, thorough analysis has been hampered by the paucity of one crucial type of evidence — the poll book. This necessary resource for candidates in the days of open voting, in which in their most complete form the names, addresses, qualifications, occupations and votes of the voters at a particular election are recorded, has survived in substantial numbers for English constituencies but rarely for those in Ireland. Cork City is an exception. Poll books for the seven contested elections in this constituency between 1812 and 1830 have survived, and these, together with the more commonplace statistical and written evidence which they enrich, provide ample material for a thorough analysis — in this case of voting behaviour. In this paper we provide a description of the general social and economic contexts of elections in Cork and focus upon the results of a variety of psephological tests to which the poll books have been subjected.
The organisation and activism of Dublin’s Protestant working class, 1883–1935
Authors: Maguire Martin
Published: February 2017

Protestant working-class loyalists have been found not only in Belfast, behind the painted kerbs and muralled gables of the Shankill Road and Ballysillan. Recent research has found working-class loyalism in the Ulster hinterland of mid-Armagh. However, most of what has been written on southern Protestantism, beyond Belfast and Ulster, has been on the gentry class. Yet Dublin was once the centre of organised Protestant opinion in Ireland and had, in the early nineteenth century, an assertive and exuberantly sectarian Protestant working class. This paper is based on a study of the Protestant working class of Dublin, and examines its organisation and activism as revealed in the City and County of Dublin Conservative Workingmen’s Club (henceforth C.W.C.). The club owned a substantial Georgian house on York Street, off St Stephen’s Green where the modern extension to the Royal College of Surgeons now stands. The club was sustained by a core of activists numbering around three hundred, the usual print-run for the ballot papers at the annual general meeting. The Protestant working class numbered 5,688 in the city in 1881. The county area numbered 4,096, making a total of 9,784 Protestant workingclass men. The city and county total of about 10,000 remained stable up to the census of 1911. Combined with the Protestant lower middle class of clerks and shopkeepers, the potential to be mobilised by the C.W.C. numbered over 20,000. The club records are used to relate the experience of the Dublin Protestant working class firstly to the more familiar working-class loyalism of Ulster, and secondly to working-class Toryism and the concept of the labour aristocracy.