bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particelle nanostrutturate di idrossiapatite biomimetica come sistema di delivery di micro e macro elementi nelle colture biologiche
Authors: Marengo Enrico , Roveri Norberto , Marengo Dario
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticelle biomimetiche di idrossiapatite drogate con ioni metallici (Cu, Fe, Mg, Zn, K) sono state utilizzate in formulazioni contenenti basse concentrazioni di rame (Cu) e zolfo (S) per controllare la peronospora (plasmopara viticola) e l'oidio (erysiphe necator) della vite. I formulati sono stati testati in campo sulla varietà di vino "Dolcetto" coltivata secondo tecniche di agricoltura biologica, e la loro efficacia è stata confrontata con prodotti commerciali contenenti miscela bordolese e zolfo.

I dati indicano che le formulazioni contenenti bassi dosaggi di rame e zolfo possono essere trasportati in modo efficiente dalle nanoparticelle di idrossiapatite biomimetica e possono ridurre la presenza di micota sulle foglie della vite. Nessun residuo di rame e zolfo è stato rilevato in campioni di vino ottenuti da viti in cui è stata utilizzata l'idrossiapatite biomimetica. Il drogaggio di nanoparticelle di idrossiapatite biomimetica con metalli di transizione è un modo efficiente per fornire micro e macro-elementi alle piante a basso livello di dosaggio. Le formulazioni contenenti idrossiapatite funzionano anche come supporti a lento rilascio di macronutrienti come elementi di calcio e fosforo.
Prospection and identification of backcrossings of traditional-heritage peruvian grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) from Ica and Cañete Valleys
Authors: Mendoza K. , Aliquó G. A. , Prieto J. A. , Torres M. R. , Blas R. , Flores J. , Casas A.
Published: February 2023

La vid (Vitis vinifera L.) fue introducida en Sudamérica durante el siglo XVI. En los valles de Ica y Cañete, los nombres "Quebranta Mollar", "Mollar" y "Prieta Mollar" son comúnmente utilizados en referencia a los diferentes colores de las bayas de estas variedades dentro de un mismo racimo. Esta heterogeneidad en cuanto al color de las bayas, sumada a los antecedentes históricos, sugieren que otras variedades, además de Quebranta y Mollar Cano, podrían estar implicadas en esta denominación genérica "Mollar". En este trabajo se identificaron diferentes fenotipos correspondientes a algunas variedades utilizadas en la elaboración de vino y Pisco. Para ello, 10 accesiones fueron recolectadas en 9 viñedos diferentes (valles de Ica y Cañete), y analizadas utilizando 20 marcadores moleculares y 25 descriptores morfológicos según la OIV. Nuestros resultados mostraron que las muestras recolectadas correspondieron a 5 genotipos, tres cultivares tradicionales y dos genotipos desconocidos no registrados previamente. Los tres cultivares conocidos fueron Listan Prieto, Quebranta y Mollar Cano. Las dos accesiones correspondientes a variedades no conocidas previamente fueron Mollar de Ica y Prieta Mollar, generadas a partir de retrocruzamientos entre Quebranta y sus progenitores. También se identificaron diferentes variaciones fenotípicas de Quebranta, lo cual enriquece la diversidad vitícola peruana.
Rehidratación según el nivel de estrés del cv. Cabernet Sauvignon en el valle del río Duero: efectos en producción, desarrollo vegetativo y calidad de uva
Authors: Yuste Jesús , Vicente Alejandro , Martínez-Porro Daniel
Published: February 2023

La aplicación de riego al viñedo en zonas con balance hídrico muy deficiente se convierte en una necesidad a medida que avanza el verano y la escasa reserva hídrica del suelo se va agotando. El nivel de rehidratación del viñedo en dicha época puede afectar a su comportamiento fisiológico, productivo y cualitativo. A lo largo del periodo 2015-2018 se estudió la respuesta agronómica de 4 tratamientos derivados de la aplicación de riego de rehidratación, de 12 horas, a partir del envero, cuando se alcanza un nivel de potencial hídrico de tallo: secano (R0), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,7-1,8 MPa (R1), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,4-1,5 MPa (R2), cuando Ψx ≈ 1,0-1,2 MPa (R3). El ensayo se llevó a cabo con cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, plantado en 2004 y conducido en espaldera en cordón Royat bilateral, en Valladolid (España). El desarrollo vegetativo aumentó con el número de riegos de rehidratación, tal que el incremento medio del peso de madera de poda de R1, R2 y R3, respecto al secano (R0), fue de 13%, 28% y 50%, en estrecha correspondencia con el aumento del peso de sarmiento. La producción de uva también aumentó progresivamente con los riegos de rehidratación, con diferencias que discriminaron siempre el R3 del R0, e incrementos de R1, R2 y R3 de 18%, 33% y 44% con respecto a R0, habiéndose debido las diferencias mayormente al peso de racimo. La concentración de azúcares varió poco con el aumento de riegos de rehidratación, aunque el valor medio fue algo mayor en R1 y R0 que en R3 y R2, mientras que la acidez se vio favorecida, sobre todo en el tratamiento más regado, R3, ya que el pH re vio reducido a la vez que la acidez titulable, el ácido tartárico y el ácido málico aumentaron; siempre en detrimento más evidente del secano (R0). El potasio tendió al aumento en favor de R3, aunque no de forma constante a lo largo de los años.
Minority grapevine varieties as climate change adaptation strategy: Exploring heat tolerance plasticity
Authors: Espinosa-Roldán Francisco Emmanuel , Organero Gregorio Muñoz , Fernández Mercedes Uscola , de Santa María Félix Cabello Sáenz , De Toda Fernando Martínez
Published: February 2023

Climate change is increasing average temperatures and intensity and frequency of extreme events such as heat waves. Productivity declines and plant damage due to those changes are already described for several majority varieties, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Less explored minority varieties can arise as alternatives due high heat tolerance, or for having high acclimation potential to heat. We evaluated the heat tolerance after acclimation in three summer thermic environments of four Spanish varieties: two majority (‘Tempranillo’, ‘Airén’) and two minority (‘Jarrosuelto’, ‘Morate’). Summer thermic environments differed in average temperature, and length of the warm period. Varieties differed in heat tolerance and its plasticity due to the acclimation to the environments. Within the majority varieties, ‘Tempranillo’ showed low heat tolerance and moderate plasticity in heat tolerance highlighting its susceptibility to climate change. ‘Airén’ had slightly higher tolerance than ‘Tempranillo’ and certain adaptation capacity to environments. Within the minority, ‘Jarrosuelto’ had high tolerance to heat events but low heat tolerance plasticity. ‘Morate’ was the variety with highest heat tolerance plasticity, indicating its strong adaptive potential. Majority varieties displayed susceptibility to heat events and global warming negative effects. However, minority varieties can offer solutions either by having high tolerance to heat or by having high acclimation.
Vitis vinifera Manseng noir, the sister of Tannat. Alternative variety for low alcohol wines produced in Uruguayan conditions
Authors: Fariña Laura , Gonzalez Victoria , Mayo Dany , Boido Eduardo , Carrau Pia , Martin Valentina , Paz Aníbal , Simon Diego , Da Silva Cecília , Alvarez-Valin Fernando , Grosso Valentina , Marcolungo Luca , Delledonne Massimo , Dellacassa Eduardo , Carrau Francisco
Published: February 2023

Vitis vinifera Tannat was introduced in Uruguay in 1870 from the Basque Pyrenees, and within several grapevines it became the variety best adapted to our viticultural conditions. Recently, through genetic analysis it was demonstrated that Manseng Noir, in addition to originate from the same region of Tannat, is the only natural sister identified within 2500 Vitis varieties surveyed [1]. Given the small commercial vineyard of this variety in France, after several years we have managed to plant in 2019 the first vineyard outside the Pyrenees in Uruguay. In 2021 and 2022 harvests, its elaboration is achieved with the aim of comparing its wine with Tannat. Results obtained show that its agronomic phenotype, as well as aspects of sanity, acidity, and color intensity are similar to Tannat, but with the particularity that grapes are of moderate ripening, 12.5% of alc., total polyphenol index was 12% lower than the control Tannat at 14% of alcohol. Interestingly, Manseng Noir shows an early smoothness in its tannins that allow to achieve lower alcohol wines, still powerful color and structure but less astringency in the mouth. Its complete genome was sequenced by Illumina technology and comparative genome analysis with Tannat was carried on. Genetic, metabolomic and sensory analyzes comparison with Tannat are discussed in this work.
Nanoelicitores: una alternativa para aumentar la composición fenólica de los vinos de Monastrell
Authors: Gimenez-Bañón María José , Paladines-Quezada Diego Fernando , Moreno-Olivares Juan Daniel , Cebrían-Pérez Ana , Bleda-Sánchez Juan Antonio , Fernández-Fernandez José Ignacio , Gil-Muñoz Rocío
Published: February 2023

Este estudio observa el impacto en la composición fenólica de las uvas y los vinos de Monastrell que han sido tratados con metil jasmonato (MeJ) y nanopartículas de metil jasmonato (Nano-MeJ). El primer objetivo fue comparar el efecto de estos tratamientos para determinar si aumentaba la composición fenólica de sus uvas y vinos. El segundo objetivo fue determinar si los tratamientos con nanopartículas mostraban efectos similares a los tratamientos con MeJ. Los experimentos se realizaron durante tres añadas consecutivas (2019-2021) en las que se aplicaron dos tratamientos foliares en forma de suspensión acuosa de MeJ (10 mM) o de Nano-MeJ (1 mM) en el envero. Los vinos se elaboraron de acuerdo con una metodología tradicional y antocianos, taninos y estilbenos se analizaron cuando la fermentación alcohólica finalizó. Un incremento en la composición fenólica en uvas y vinos tratadas con MeJ y Nano-MeJ fue evidenciado. Este incremento fue diferente en función del tratamiento, tipo de compuesto así como de la añada. Por tanto, a la vista de los resultados, las nanopartículas podrían ser utilizadas como una opción más sostenible para la mejora de la calidad de las uvas y vinos de la variedad Monastrell.
Near-infrared spectroscopy analysis of wines through bottles to assess quality traits and provenance
Authors: Viejo Claudia Gonzalez , Harris Natalie , Fuentes Sigfredo
Published: February 2023

Due to increased fraud rates through counterfeiting and adulteration of quality wines, it is important to develop novel non-destructive techniques to assess wine quality and provenance. Therefore, our research group developed a novel method using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (1596-2396 nm) coupled with machine learning (ML) modeling to assess wine vintages and quality traits based on the intensity of sensory descriptors through the bottle. These were developed using samples from an Australian vineyard for Shirazwines. Models resulted in high accuracy 97% for classification (vintages) and R=0.95 regression (sensory quality traits). The proposed method will allow to assess authenticity and sensory quality traits of any wines in the market without the need to open the bottles, which is rapid, accurate, effective, and convenient. Furthermore, currently, there are low-cost NIR devices available in the market with the required spectral range and sensitivity, which can be affordable for winemakers and retailers that can be used with the ML models proposed here.
Verification of the practical suitability of cation exchangers for lowering the pH value in must and wine
Authors: Wegmann-Herr Pascal , Nickolaus Patrick
Published: February 2023

Due to climate change, grapes are reaching continuously higher levels of technological maturity. However, this also leads to lower acidity levels and higher pH values in musts and wines. Higher pH values would result in higher risk potential regarding undesirable microorganisms, associated with wine faults. Since 2013, cation exchangers have been allowed for acidification. In addition, yeasts of the genus Lachancea releasing lactic acid during fermentation to lower the pH of the wine. In addition to lowering the pH value, cation exchangers have the advantage of increasing tartaric stability, so that other methods can be avoided. Musts were treated in repeated trials. For comparison, the process was also used in wine. In addition, the lactic acid-producing yeast Lachancea thermotolerans was used. The use of a cation exchanger in must or wine always led to a complete removal of potassium and calcium, and at the same time the pH value dropped in some cases to 2.11. Therefore, only part (20%) of a must or wine may be treated to make the final adjustment. The use of the yeast Lachancea thermotolerans could lead to an increase of up to 6 g/L lactic acid, which resulted in an increase of the total acidity.
Adjuvants and additives for the colloidal stabilization of red wines without the use of cold
Authors: Bosso Antonella , Guaita Massimo , Messina Stefano , Motta Silvia , Casini Francesco , Volpini Arianna , Manara Maria
Published: February 2023

The presence of turbidity and precipitates in the bottle causes depreciation of wine by consumers. Colloidal instability is at the basis of these phenomena. The cold treatment is a technique widely used to stabilize wines, as regards both the tartaric and the colloidal precipitations. However, it is an energy-consuming technique. In view of a sustainable management of winery practices, the work aimed at evaluating the possibility of using some enological products for the colloidal stabilization of wines without cold treatment. 8 adjuvants (sodium and calcium bentonite, hot and cold soluble gelatin, chitosan, isinglass, PVI/PVP, carboxymethylcellulose) and 4 additives (kordofan gum, 2 different mannoproteins, a natural polysaccharide polymer) were compared. The trial was performed with a Barbera (2019) and a Montepulcianod'Abruzzo (2020) wines, stabilized against tartaric precipitations without cold, but with colloidal instability. Three days after the treatments the wines were racked, filtered (3 m) and bottled. After bottling and after 6 months of bottle aging, the wines were analyzed. Colloidal stability test (48 hours at 4°C) and shock test (1 and 7 days at 40 °C) were performed. As regards Barbera, the treatment with sodium bentonite (50 g/hL) or the addition of a mannoprotein (15 g/hL) allowed to stabilize the wine. For Montepulciano, having a higher colloidal instability than Barbera, the cold stabilization resulted necessary because no treatment was effective. All treatments had a modest impact on the color.
Winegrowing strategies for adapting to climate change in a warm climate zone
Authors: Sancho-Galán Pau , Amores-Arrocha Antonio , Palacios Víctor , Jiménez-Cantizano Ana
Published: February 2023

Climate predictions and simulations forecast that climate change will be one of the major challenges for wine production in the future, as grape quality and vine yields depend on interactions between temperature, water availability, plant material and viticultural techniques employed. Climate change is leading to earlier harvesting, accelerated vine growth and grape over-ripening, leading to the production of grape musts with higher potential alcohol content, higher pH, lower acidity and severe nutritional deficiencies. In order to mitigate these effects, it is necessary to establish short-term viticultural or oenological strategies to minimise the effects of global warming on current wine-growing regions. Therefore, this work presents research results related to the potential of autochthonous grape cultivars from a warm climate area, which could be better adapted to the agro-climatic conditions associated with climate change; as well as the results of the application and recovery of ancestral oenological techniques in the area of sherry wine production (sun-drying and skin contact fermentation), which could contribute to this new climatic scenario as an alternative in wine production.
Comparaison de pratiques d’acidification en vinification en rouge : impacts sur l’acidité, les caractéristiques chromatiques et organoleptiques des vins
Authors: Davaux François , Cottereau Philippe
Published: February 2023

Results reveal differences for the acidifying level in seven studied approaches. Physical methods enable a precise pH decrease with an advanced automation of equipment. Chemical acidifying level is variable. Tartaric acid is the one that modifies the most pH but foreseeing the level of acidifying remains uneasy because of tartaric precipitations. Malic and lactic acids seem to play more on total acidity increase than on pH decrease. Fumaric acid has a limited impact on both total acidity and pH. Wine color is impacted another way, depending on which technique of acidifying is used. Chemical acidifying increases the coloring intensity of wines with pH increase. Under the assay conditions, using ions exchanging resins lead to a drop of polyphenols and results in a Modified Coloring Intensity (IC’) reduction. However chromatic features are clearly improved with physical techniques which develop brighter colors (Chroma increase). pH decrease has significant results on the content of aromatic molecules. Low pH stimulates the creation of ethyl esters and protects norisoprenoids in rising the proportion of molecular sulfur. In organoleptic terms, sour perception, aromatic intensity (nose and mouth) and aromatic descriptors are increasing for the batches that have been acidified. Yet there are differences according to the acidifying method used. The rise of sour perception has influences on taste with a lower volume for acidified wines.
Bioprotection as a tool to produce natural wine: Impact on physicochemical and sensory analysis
Authors: Yao Meiling , Wang Fei , Arpentin Gheorghe
Published: February 2023

With an increasing concern of the food security, more and more winemakers choose bioprotection as an alternative of SO2 in winemaking process as a practice of natural wine producing. In order to insight a way to produce reliable natural wine, three wines were produced in vintage 2021, in the Republic Moldova. This study provides two comparisons of physicochemical property and sensory analysis: (1) Comparison between commercial yeast and wild yeast, two wines followed a conventional fermentation technique, but different yeasts were used: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (wine A), wild yeast (wine); (2) Comparison between bioprotection and SO2 usage: Wine A and Wine C (which were inoculated two non-Saccharomyces: Torulaspora delbrueckii and Metschnikowia pulcherrima before alcohol fermentation). As a result of this comparative study, it is found that the commercial yeast is more capable of converting sugar in the alcoholic fermentation, but after malolatic fermentation (MLF) the alcohol levels of each are almost same. From physicochemical poit of view, the bioprotectors obviously modified the volatile acidity, total polyphenol index (TPI), phenolic, anthoyanin and ethyl acetate. From sensory perspective, the smell intensity of bioprotection wine is higher and with more fruity aroma.
New technology for large preparation of a series of bioactive polyphenols from by-products of vinification
Authors: Sun Baoshan , Zhang Shuting , Li Lingxi , Zhao Jian
Published: February 2023

Grape pomaces or vinification by-products are abundant and rich in polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins. During the last three decades, grape and wine polyphenols, particularly catechins (CATs) and oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) have attracted considerable attention of the international scientific community, due essentially to their potential health-beneficial effects, related to their protective action towards cardiovascular disease and the oxygen free radical scavenger capacity. Such phenolic compounds have been proved to be the key components responsible for the health-beneficial effects of red wine. Furthermore, although the most widely recognized antioxidants are Vitamins A, C, and E, scientific research has shown that OPCs are likely the most powerful antioxidants known. Although various OPCs have been available in the market, they are generally very expensive due to the high cost of their production. As a consequence, the development of efficient methods for large-scale preparation of these bioactive compounds have still a challenging task for scientists. In this communication, we will present a new and efficient technology for large preparation of bioactive polyphenols from vinification by-products (grape seed and grape skin). On one hand, polymeric proanthocyanidins were transformed into a series of low- molecule-weight bioactive compounds using various degradation methods. On the other hand, High-Speed Countcurrent Chromatography (HSCCC), as a relative new separation technology for natural product preparation, was applied to large and efficient isolation of these bioactive compounds.
“Terroir Rosé” wines, the example from Provence
Authors: Masson Gilles , Chevallier Aurélie , Symoneaux Ronan , Amato Brice , Conrath Mireille , Pouzalgues Nathalie
Published: February 2023

The production of Rosé wine is developing around the world. In terms of quantity, the volumes made are increasing. In terms of quantity, two apparently contradicting tendencies can be observed: a global trend converging towards a clear, dry model and, at the same time, a desire to differentiate different regions, based on terroir. Thanks to several analytical and sensorial databases which have been assembled over the last fifteen years, the Centre du Rosé provides an objective view of these emerging phenomena. The typicity of the Provence Rosé wines can be measured, both analytically and sensorially, and within the Provençal vineyard itself, the different vintages have some remarkable characteristics. In other French and European wine regions we examined typical rosé wines whose particularity has its origins in the terroir.
Búsqueda e importancia de los isómeros de tabanona en vinos añejados de la variedad Tannat
Authors: Fariña Laura , Strauch Santiago , Carrau Francisco , Dellacassa Eduardo , Boido Eduardo
Published: February 2023

Durante la crianza del vino se pueden modificar los aromas a través de reacciones que dependen de la composición del vino y de las condiciones de almacenamiento (temperatura, pH, nivel de oxígeno, contenido de SO2, madera de la barrica y tiempo de crianza). Las megastigmatrienonas, también conocidas como tabanonas, son un grupo de norisoprenoides claves en el aroma de la variedad de tabaco Burley. Su presencia ha sido reportada previamente en vinos con crianza y en bebidas destiladas. En este trabajo se estudió la presencia de isómeros de tabanona (megastigma-4,6Z,8E-trien- 3-one, megastigma-4,6Z,8Z-trien-3-one, megastigma-4,6E,8E-trien-3-one y megastigma- 4,6E,8Z-trien-3-one) en vinos monovarietales de Tannat. Con este fin se analizaron vinos con 10, 12 y 16 años de crianza mediante HS-SPME-GC/MS. En paralelo, se elaboró un vino sintético adicionado de β-caroteno, el cual fue sometido a condiciones de envejecimiento acelerado. Luego de este tratamiento se identificaron en el vino sintético 2 isómeros de tabanona (megastigma-4,6E,8E-trien-3-on y megastigma-4,6E,8Z-trien-3-ona) en concentraciones superiores a su límite de cuantificación. Esto confirmaría que se pueden formar tabanonas durante el envejecimiento a partir de carotenoides provenientes de la uva.
New device for protein stabilisation of white wines throughout a continuous flow system
Authors: Parpinello Giuseppina P. , Ricci Arianna , Moreno Carolina Pavez , Ragni Luigi , Versari Andrea
Published: February 2023

In this work, a selection of food-grade ceramic materials (CM1, CM2) was evaluated in terms of capacity to adsorb pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs), thus preventing protein haze in bottled white wines. The CM1 was found as the most effective sorbent material, when used in a nano-structured form (nano-powders and mesoporous films) which magnifies the specific surface available for adsorption. The material showed a high affinity and selectivity to low molecular weight proteins, thus allowing the stabilisation of white wines without altering key quality parameters. The most captivating aspect of using CM1 consisted in the possibility of producing thin and mesoporous films anchored to inert supports, to obtain composite materials that are easy to handle and safe from a food point of view. The composite material CM1 was tested in a wine flow treatment device, confirming excellent performance in terms of stabilisation. Based on the results obtained, the stabilising material and the stabilisation method proposed can be further implemented to be used in a pilot plant and exploited in the wine industry.
Grape smoke exposure risk assessment: Wine matrix impact on smoke marker compound smoke expression
Authors: Oberholster  , Lim Lik Xian , Plaza Cristina Medina , Perez Ignacio Arías , Wen Y. , Neupane Bishnu
Published: February 2023

During wildfires large amounts of volatile phenols (VP’s) are released into the air from wood burning. These compounds absorb through the berry skin, where they are quickly glycosylated. Studies have shown that both the free and bound volatile phenols contribute to smoke taint perception. For grape smoke exposure risk assessment, both the natural amount of free and bound VP’s in grapes (baseline) as well as rejection threshold levels of these compounds in different wine matrixes need to be determined. In the current study the sensory attributes of different smoke impacted and non-smoke impacted wines from the same sites were determined by descriptive analysis. Multivariate statistics were used to relate smoke-related sensory attributes to smoke marker compounds. Subsequently, wines with different levels of smoke marker compounds were made by serial dilution of a smoke impacted wine with its respective non-impacted wine. A consumer study was conducted to determine the change in ‘liking’ for a wine depending on the percentage inclusion of smoke impacted wine. Rejection threshold levels of smoke marker compounds in red wine matrixes were determined by linking ‘liking’ scores to specific wine attributes. This is the first step in creating clear guidelines for wine smoke taint risk assessment.
Wine, sustainability, and the dynamism of changing lifestyles
Authors: Fiorilo Monica , Tempesta Gianfranco , Barison Diego , Boselli Maurizio , Venturi Antonio
Published: February 2023

Economic globalization characterizes the 21st century. A digital world has replaced the analog world. “Time is money, and thinking is money.” Thinking and time are patentable. Branding is a metaphor for a lifestyle change.

The “Big Brother” described by Orwell in his novel “1984” is relevant today. We have moved from a world of thoughtful synthesis to one of analysis mediated by “likes,” “thumbs-up,” and “opinion leaders.”

Wine, a social marker and cultural base, is being diluted in an interconnected world where it is easy to lose identity, principles, and economic worth (Pareto’s ofelimity). The perception of the value of the wine is changing from a cultural symbol to mercantilism.

The pandemic lockdown has shown many fragilities of the wine system, fueling e-commerce and digital search, creating an immediatist, identity-less, and easy-to-disinform society.

In general, people talk about “Eco-friendly,” “sustainability,” “climate change,” “resilience,” and more very lightly and without awareness, limiting themselves to hashtags for viral dissemination, influencers, and the transmission of incomplete, easy sensationalism or false documents (fake news).

It outlines Italian viticulture at the great crossroads between sustainability established on a value chain or that of semi-finished products and built on years of observation, possible with a paradigm based on years of statistical and empirically significant observation It outlines Italian viticulture at the great crossroads between sustainability established on a value chain or that of semi-finished products, built on years of observation, possible with a paradigm based on statistical and empirically significant observation.

By leaving its specific place centered on typicity, wine can become a commodity product, sharing the same destiny as agricultural raw materials.
Contribution of wine tourism by the implementation of an urban vineyard in a Portuguese Historic Hotel: Challenges, perspectives, and impacts
Authors: Jordão António M. , Barroco Cristina , Gonçalves Tiago
Published: February 2023

Wine tourism is essentially tourism in rural areas linked to wine and vineyards. However, the dissemination of viticultural heritage and wine culture with the aim of contributing to a greater connection between tourists and wine sector, even in urban environments, is an option that has been increasing in some countries. In fact, wine tourism involves a wide ecosystem of actors, which can include the hotels located in the center of the cities. In addition, inside of some cities, it could be possible for some hotels to implement small-scales vineyards. These places could represent an agricultural, historical, and cultural heritage with enormous value which could also be used for tourist purposes. Thus, the main goal of this work is to present the experience and the technical challenges during the implementation of an urban vineyard in a Portuguese Historic Hotel located in the center of the city of Viseu. In addition, the activities related with wine tourism centered on the urban vineyard are shown. The strategy for the recovery of green spaces and the hotel's communication policy are also presented and discussed.
Enabling a sustainable rural-tourism: The challenge of accessibility
Authors: Benedetto Graziella
Published: February 2023

This paper explores the concept of sustainable tourism in rural areas and the relationship with the social dimension. In particular we address the issue of people with disabilities, above all physical, starting from the statement that the number of people with disabilities willing to practice tourism it’s always increasing over the years and will continue to increase due to the aging population.

The work focuses on the one hand on the exploratory analysis of this category of consumers/tourists through the analysis of the literature aimed at identifying relevant research themes highlighted which is still virgin and not very attentive. Furthermore, the study aims to verify, again with on-desk investigation, what is the state of the art of the services offered in the rural area (parks, naturalistic sites, farms (specifically wineries); what services are available and how the information is communicated to the final consumer. The work highlights a still strong lack of: services offered; adequate promotion and communication policy, which allows this category of consumers to access even just simple information. Then from this exploratory analysis arises the fundamental need for a more careful research and proposal of adequate regulations, services and marketing actions suitable to overcome the barriers of structural and information accessibility, as well as the need to expand a calibrated offer of recreational and sports services, still lacking today.
Moderate wine consumption and cancer risk in context
Authors: Fradera Ursula , Hammer Claudia
Published: February 2023

There is no doubt that excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and binge drinking patterns increase the risk for cancer and many other diseases. Regarding the safety of light to moderate consumption of wine/alcoholic beverages, however, mixed messages exist. For decades, the potential health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been consistently shown, in particular for reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, some population studies suggested that there is no safe limit of alcohol and ANY consumption is harmful to health, because of an increased cancer risk. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and it is increasingly accepted that certain lifestyle choices can affect the risk of developing cancer. Individuals do not drink only wine/alcoholic beverages, they eat different foods and have particular lifestyle habits. Besides several unmodifiable risk factors (age, sex, ethnicity and genetic disposition), improving lifestyle habits may contribute to reduce the risk of cancer. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), one third of the cancers could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle (such as avoiding smoking, maintaining a normal body weight, being physically active, avoiding excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and keeping a healthy dietary pattern). Furthermore, the Mediterranean Diet is considered as one of the healthiest in the world by the WHO and is directly associated with a lower rate of mortality thanks to its effects on disease prevention. However, moderate consumption of wine is an important component of that diet. So recommendations for a healthy lifestyle which include a healthy, balanced diet and avoidance of any alcoholic beverage may be confusing. Can moderate wine drinkers still enjoy a glass of wine with the meal without jeopardizing their health? A detailed analysis of the scientific evidence will be provided and the risk of moderate wine consumption within the context of lifestyle will be examined.
Sensory learning in physical education and deceleration experiences during accelerated physical activity: the example of step fitness in a school setting
Authors: Paintendre Aline , Andrieu Bernard , Schirrer Mary
Published: February 2023

A paradox seems to run through our contemporary Western societies: between the search for a fulfilled life organized around bodily well-being (physical practices, curative methods, etc.) and the acceleration of time, which seems to hinder this personal development by condensing and fragmenting the experiences as they are lived. In Physical Education, the physical step practice does not escape this paradox. The proposed didactic framework is certainly based on an analysis of bodily sensations in order to organize one’s practice, but it is also based on the requirements of effort intensity and optimization of execution speed and motor qualities in order to meet training objectives. The aim of this article is to analyze the experience of pupils doing step exercise in a school setting. To what extent can this rhythmic and intense practice engage the pupils in a deceleration that could promote meaningful sensory experiences? Based in emersiology, the study is inscribed in the theoretical framework of the course of action in order to analyze the commitments and the sensory register of the pupils during school step classes. Finally, step offers a space of intentional deceleration that allows for listening to one’s body sensations.
Endo-Praxis
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike
Published: February 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

Nach 3 Jahren Pandemie kehrt langsam wieder eine gewisse Normalität in die Kliniken,
Endoskopieabteilungen
und Facharztpraxen ein. Mit den Nachwehen haben wir immer
noch zu kämpfen. Der Personalmangel und Ausfälle durch immer wiederkehrende Infektionen
führen auch weiter zu Einschränkungen und Belastungen.
Von Motivation und Sortierschachteln
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: February 2023

Menschen sind verschieden – zum Glück. Was dem einen Spaß
macht, empfindet der andere als gähnend langweilig – und
trotzdem arbeiten sie mitunter im selben Beruf. Margit Hertlein erklärt
mehr über menschliche Unterschiede und wie Sie diese gezielt im Team
einsetzen können.
Repair of a Late Presentation Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm following Coarctation Repair
Authors: Moon Robert J. , Spadaccio Cristiano , Duncan Andrew J. , Bittar Mohamad N.
Published: February 2023

We report the case of a 44-year-old gentleman who underwent coarctation repair at the age of 7 years. He was lost to follow-up and represented. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a 9.8-cm diameter aortic aneurysm involving the distal aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. Open surgery was performed to repair the aneurysm. The patient made an unremarkable recovery. He was followed up 12 weeks later, and significant improvement in preoperative symptoms was observed. This case demonstrates the importance of long-term follow-up.
Steigende Preise im Klinikeinkauf: Preissicherheit und echte Flexibilität im Vertrag – oder Wegfall der Geschäftsgrundlage?
Authors: Kühn Matthias
Published: February 2023

Wenn sich der Lieferant nicht an den vereinbarten Preis halten möchte, dann muss eben der Vertrag halten – notfalls vor Gericht. Wohl jeder Einkäufer sieht sich in letzter Zeit mit Forderungen von Lieferanten nach höheren Preisen konfrontiert. Besteht bereits ein Vertrag, beantwortet das Vertragsrecht, welcher Preis gilt. Kommt das Erhöhungsverlangen noch während der Vertragsverhandlungen, sollte der Einkäufer vertragliche Eckpfeiler kennen, die beiden Parteien Spielräume bei der Preisgestaltung geben können. Dieser Beitrag fasst einige wichtige rechtliche Aspekte zusammen.
Verfahren (Teil 2/3): Chemische Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmittel für die Flächenhygiene
Authors: Gertler Susann
Published: February 2023

Im Krankenhaus nehmen chemische Reinigungs- und Desinfektionsmittel bei der Flächenhygiene eine zentrale Rolle ein. Die Flächenhygiene, die der Sauberkeit und Infektionsprävention zum Patienten-, Personal- und Besucherschutz dient, verfolgt das Ziel, für Patienten und Personal ein Krankenhausumfeld zu schaffen, das sauber und damit frei von Verunreinigungen und Staub ist.
Public Finance, Fiscal Rules and Public–Private Partnerships: Lessons for Post-COVID-19 Investment Plans
Authors: Cepparulo Alessandra , Eusepi Giuseppe , Giuriato Luisa
Published: February 2023

We explore the distribution of public–private partnerships (PPPs) among the European Union countries, with a special focus on fiscal rules and budgetary constraints while controlling for empirically identified drivers. While offering the opportunity to increase innovation and efficiency in the public sector infrastructure, PPPs allow governments to relax their budget and borrowing constraints. We find that the state of public finances influences the government’s choice of PPPs and makes them more appealing for reasons other than efficiency. Stringent numerical rules on the budget balance also foster government’s opportunism in the choice of PPPs. On the other hand, high levels of public debt increase the country risk, and discourage private investors from PPP contracts. The results highlight the importance of restoring PPP investment choices based on efficiency criteria and adapt fiscal rules to shield public investment while stabilizing private expectations by means of credible trajectories of debt reduction. The findings contribute to the debate on the role of fiscal rules in fiscal policy and of PPPs in infrastructure financing.
A model dinosaur: determining the Plateosaurus breathing rate via conservation of energy
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: February 2023

A multidisciplinary lesson plan calculates the breathing rate of the long-extinct creature.
Research on influencing factors of rock breaking efficiency under ultrasonic vibration excitation
Authors: Yang Zhanbiao , Wang Xufeng , Zhang Lei , Wang Jiyao
Published: February 2023

The ultrasonic vibration rock-breaking technique shows broad application prospects in the hard-rock-breaking domain. The rock-breaking efficiency strongly depends on vibration parameters. This study performed rock-breaking tests of red sandstone samples under different static loads combined with ultrasonic vibration. The test results show that the penetration depth of the exciter into the rock and the rock-breaking range were exponentially related to the applied static load. Single-factor simulations and orthogonal tests were performed via the commercial particle flow code software to examine the effects of parameters such as vibration amplitude, frequency, loading surface size, confining pressure on rock damage, fracture characteristics, and rock-breaking efficiency. In contrast to the confining pressure, the increased vibration amplitude, frequency, and size of the loading surface promoted rock fracture and energy dissipation. The vibration frequency, amplitude, and the size of the load surface were determined as the key factors that affected the intrusion depth into rocks, the rock-breaking area, and the total number of cracks, respectively.
Vacuum gap atomic switch with improved controllability of quantized conduction states and low transition energy
Authors: Lee Sunhyeong , Lee Seungwoo , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: February 2023

To maximize the multilevel data storage capability for high-density memory applications, precise control of quantized conduction with ultralow transition energy is required. We report the quantized conduction in Ag/Ag2S/vacuum conductive-bridge random access memory under various pulse conditions to regulate atomic motion at room temperature. Using stochastic analysis, we unveil a pulse condition for supplying the optimal energy that allows precise atom detachment and has a high dissolution probability. In addition, we calculate the transition energy required to change each quantized state for an Al2O3 electrolyte and vacuum gap. We determine a large transition energy of Ag in Al2O3 (8–1 mJ), hindering the precise control of quantized conduction, whereas the transition energy of Ag in vacuum is relatively low (397–95 nJ), enabling proper atomic motion.
The global biomass of wild mammals
Authors: Greenspoon Lior , Krieger Eyal , Sender Ron , Rosenberg Yuval , Bar-On Yinon M. , Moran Uri , Antman Tomer , Meiri Shai , Roll Uri , Noor Elad , Milo Ron
Published: February 2023

Wild mammals are icons of conservation efforts, yet there is no rigorous estimate available for their overall global biomass. Biomass as a metric allows us to compare species with very different body sizes, and can serve as an indicator of wild mammal presence, trends, and impacts, on a global scale. Here, we compiled estimates of the total abundance (i.e., the number of individuals) of several hundred mammal species from the available data, and used these to build a model that infers the total biomass of terrestrial mammal species for which the global abundance is unknown. We present a detailed assessment, arriving at a total wet biomass of ≈20 million tonnes (Mt) for all terrestrial wild mammals (95% CI 13-38 Mt), i.e., ≈3 kg per person on earth. The primary contributors to the biomass of wild land mammals are large herbivores such as the white-tailed deer, wild boar, and African elephant. We find that even-hoofed mammals (artiodactyls, such as deer and boars) represent about half of the combined mass of terrestrial wild mammals. In addition, we estimated the total biomass of wild marine mammals at ≈40 Mt (95% CI 20-80 Mt), with baleen whales comprising more than half of this mass. In order to put wild mammal biomass into perspective, we additionally estimate the biomass of the remaining members of the class Mammalia. The total mammal biomass is overwhelmingly dominated by livestock (≈630 Mt) and humans (≈390 Mt). This work is a provisional census of wild mammal biomass on Earth and can serve as a benchmark for human impacts.
Is hate speech detection the solution the world wants?
Authors: Parker Sara , Ruths Derek
Published: February 2023

The machine learning (ML) research community has landed on automated hate speech detection as the vital tool in the mitigation of bad behavior online. However, it is not clear that this is a widely supported view outside of the ML world. Such a disconnect can have implications for whether automated detection tools are accepted or adopted. Here we lend insight into how other key stakeholders understand the challenge of addressing hate speech and the role automated detection plays in solving it. To do so, we develop and apply a structured approach to dissecting the discourses used by online platform companies, governments, and not-for-profit organizations when discussing hate speech. We find that, where hate speech mitigation is concerned, there is a profound disconnect between the computer science research community and other stakeholder groups—which puts progress on this important problem at serious risk. We identify urgent steps that need to be taken to incorporate computational researchers into a single, coherent, multistakeholder community that is working towards civil discourse online.
Effect of tempering temperature on plasma-welded joint of martensitic heat-resistant steel
Authors: Zhang Zhongke , Hu Weihao , Liu Xufeng
Published: February 2023

The effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of plasma welded martensitic heat-resistant steel P92 was investigated by tempering heat treatment process (tempering temperature range was 550–750°C, temperature interval was 100°C). The results show that with the increase of tempering temperature, the microstructure of welded joint coarsens, the tensile strength and hardness decrease, and the toughness is improved.In the tempering process, M23C6 and Laves phases are produced in the welded joint. A certain amount of M23C6 precipitates can strengthen the mechanical properties of the welded joint. Excessive M23C6 carbides lead to the softening of martensite and the decrease of hardness; the formation of Laves phase can inhibit the excessive precipitation of M23C6, but the excessive precipitation of the Laves phase will lead to coarsening at the grain boundary and the formation of voids at the grain boundary. When the welded joint temperature is 650°C, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the welded joint are the best.
Beyond the Planck temperature
Authors: Maleki Mahnaz , Mohammadzadeh Hosein , Najafi Morteza Nattagh , Ebadi Zahra
Published: February 2023

The Planck scale physics is still unknown and the full quantum theory of gravity might reveal the mysteries of the Universe beyond the Planck scale. We consider that the maximum available temperature of a system could be higher than the Planck temperature or not. We obtain the maximum available temperature of a system with particles that obey deformed boson statistics. We evaluate the density number of particles and use the hoop conjecture to evaluate the density number of two-particles which form a blackhole as a function of temperature and deformation parameter; q. One can argue that at a certain critical value of temperature, the density number of blackholes will be dominant and this critical temperature is the maximum available temperature for the system. We show that the temperature beyond the Planck temperature is available for more deformed boson statistics while for the ordinary bosons, the maximum available temperature is

T

max

≈
0.3

T

Pl

. In fact, we take a look at the beyond Planck temperature in the early universe and deduce that the deformed statistics is consistent with the very high temperature at the early universe.
Nonextensive effects on QCD chiral phase diagram and baryon-number fluctuations within Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model*
Authors: Zhao Ya-Peng , Wang Chao-Yong , Zuo Shu-Yu , Li Cheng-Ming
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a version of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model based on nonextensive statistical mechanics is presented. This new statistics summarizes all possible factors that violate the assumptions of the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics to a dimensionless nonextensivity parameter q. Thus, when q tends to 1, it returns to the BG case. Within the nonextensive PNJL model, we found that as q increases, the location of the critical end point (CEP) exhibits non-monotonic behavior. That is, for

, CEP moves in the direction of lower temperature and larger quark chemical potential. However, for

, CEP turns to move in the direction of lower temperature and lower quark chemical potential. In addition, we studied the moments of the net-baryon number distribution, that is, variance (

), skewness (S), and kurtosis (κ). Our results are generally consistent with the latest experimental data reported, especially for

, when q is set to

.