bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Characteristics of Chromite Deposits—Eastern Bushveld Complex
Authors: Cameron Eugene N. , Desborough George A.
Published: May 2021

The chromite deposits of the eastern Bushveld Complex occur in the Critical Zone, a layered pile consisting mainly of pyroxenite, norite, and anorthosite, with minor gabbro, dunite, and harzburgite. With probable reserves in excess of one billion tons, the deposits are among the major mineral resources of the world. The Critical Zone is more than 75 miles long and is divisible into several sectors. The central and southern sectors are best known. Field studies indicate that they differ in rock sequences and interlayered chromite deposits.

An 11,000 foot sequence of rocks in the central sector, extending from the Basal Zone upward into the Main Norite Zone, has been sampled in detail, and its evolution is being studied in terms of field data, mineralogy, chemical composition, and textures. The sequence is divisible into successive units on the basis of silicate mineralogy. The Critical Zone is also divisible into chromitic and non-chromitic intervals, according to the presence or absence of cumulate chromite. Within the chromitic intervals occur the chromitites, in which chromite is the sole cumulate. Most chromitic intervals consist of chromitic pyroxenite or anorthosite, or both, but two consist mainly of chromitic dunite and harzburgite.

Broad mineralogical and compositional trends—upward change from predominant pyroxenite to predominant norite and anorthosite, upward increase in total Fe, Fe/Mg, and Fe/Cr of chromite, in Fe/Mg of orthopyroxene, and in Ab/An of plagioclase—suggest that the Critical Zone is grossly the result of progressive magmatic differentiation. Departures from these trends, however, together with major disconformities in the sequence, indicate a complex history. This is reflected in the distribution and characteristics of chromitites.
The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Igneous Complex
Authors: Cousins C. A.
Published: May 2021

The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, a regular layer of pyroxenite, mineralized by the sulfides of nickel, iron and copper, together with thin bands or concentrations of chromite, contains by far the greatest known ore-reserve of platinoids in the world.

The Reef occupies a specific position, within a regularly layered sequence of anorthositic, gabbroidal and pyroxenitic rocks. The Mafic Zone of the Bushveld, in which it is found, can be divided into readily recognizable sub-zones, with definite markers, and has an almost identical succession in both East and West Belts.

The reef contains the platinoid metals, principally as sulfides, but also as ferroplatinum, together with arsenides, tellurides, bismuthides, antimonides and possibly stannides and selenides.

The reef has been followed over a total distance of 155 miles and to vertical depths of greater than 6,000 feet. All evidence suggests that the Merensky Reef is the basal portion of a relatively thin unit-heave of magma with a clear pattern of magmatic differentiation. The heavy minerals appear to be primarily precipitated by gravity from solution in the magma. The Merensky unit appears to be one of many heaves that built up the Mafic Zone.

The amazing regularity of the reef and its associated rocks is in places disturbed by depressions and domes, mostly small but a few are large. Alteration pegmatites associated with these structures and evidence indicating the rocks were solid when they were formed, suggest a probable mode of genesis.
The Sulfide Ores of Sudbury
Authors: Souch B. E. , Podolsky T.
Published: May 2021

A study of the gross aspects of the Sudbury ore deposits supplemented by certain observations concerning the structure, geochronology and petrology of the nickel irruptive has revealed intimate linkages relating the many ore types to each other and to the irruptive. The ores are the sulfide-rich portions of a discontinuous noritic "sub-layer" at the base of the irruptive, seemingly introduced as an inclusion, and sulfur-rich silicate magma. Ore mineral ratios vary unpredictably from mine to mine, but in any given ore body show a predictable zoning trend toward the footwall. No zoning related to depth alone has been recognized. Isotopic dating suggests that although the norite and sub-layer may be contemporaneous they may be older than the micropegmatite. Modal analyses of samples from traverses across the norite into the micropegmatite show both gradual and abrupt variations, and are the basis for further subdivision of the norite member. Nickel, copper, and sulfur contents in the norite member increase slightly toward its base but are an order of magnitude less than in average sub-layer rock. Displacements on two major fault systems have exposed the basal part of the irruptive including the sub-layer to borehole and surface examination over a pre-faulting vertical range that may exceed 5½ miles.
Polish Women’s Sexualized War Experience: The Dangerous Intersection of Ethnicity and Sexuality in World War II Immigrant and Exile Fiction
Authors: Kozaczka Grażyna J.
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the representation of sexual assault perpetrated on Polish women in World War II fiction written by immigrant or ethnic writers. A close reading of five novels, Ruta Sepetys’s Salt to the Sea (2016), Janina Surynowa-Wyczółkowska’s Teresa, Dziecko Nieudane (1961), Eva Mekler’s Sunrise Shows Late (1997), W. S. Kuniczak’s The Thousand Hour Day (1966), and Romain Gary’s A European Education (1960), suggests that writers deploy one of two narrative schemas in the construction of wartime rape, and in each case the storyline pattern significantly influences the function rape scenes perform within the novel. In the plots favoring a third-person point of view, rape scenes, usually just brief episodes, establish homosocial relationships among men while little attention is paid to the victims. On the other hand, in first-person narratives, the accounts of sexual assault may become the driving force of the entire plot.
Predictors of mortality for patients admitted to the intensive care unit with obstructing septic stones
Authors: Mann Uday , Jain Kunal , Wong Rachel , Li Zack , Eng Amanda , Blachman-Braun Ruben , Patel Premal
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Patients diagnosed with septic stone are at significant risk of morbidity and mortality should source control through drainage be delayed, and they are often admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for hemodynamic support. The purpose of this study was to determine patient factors that may predict mortality in patients admitted to ICU with septic stone, particularly whether rural patients at a greater distance from a tertiary care center were at greater risk of mortality given the inherent delay in intervention.

Methods: The Manitoba Intensive Care Unit prospective registry began in 1999 and includes all patients admitted to ICU across Manitoba. Baseline characteristics, such as age, gender, vital signs, creatinine, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), mortality outcomes, and location of residency were obtained for those admitted to ICU for septic stone. Association between death and clinical/demographic variable was performed with adjusted multivariable logistical regression analysis.

Results: A total of 342 patients admitted to the ICU were analyzed with a mean age of 63.5±15.5 years. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups (p>0.05). On multivariable adjusted logistical regression, the presence of acute kidney injury (AKI) (p<0.001) and intubation (p<0.001) were associated with mortality. There was no difference in mortality attributable to location of residency, vital signs, or CCI.

Conclusions: Among patients admitted to the ICU for septic stones in Manitoba, we demonstrate an association between AKI and intubation with mortality. Other factors, such as whether patients were from a rural region and baseline patient characteristics, were not predictive of mortality.
The Relevance of Liquidity and Country Risk to Euro-Denominated Bonds and the Influence of ECB Monetary Policy
Authors: Cristina Arcuri Maria , Gino Gandolfi , Manoux Monteux , Giovanni Verga
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the main determinants of euro denominated corporate bond yields, then analyses the “country effect” by focusing on economic reasons for the strong link between country and corporate yields. It also examines the potential impact of monetary policy of the European Central Bank (ECB) on corporate bond yields on the days of Governing Council meetings.

A sample of 1,762 corporate euro-country bonds is analyzed for the period May 2005 – January 2012 using OLS panel data. The economic reason for the strong link between countries and corporate yields is investigated up to 2017. We find that idiosyncratic liquidity and risk have a crucial impact on bond yields, but yields are also strongly influenced by the risk of the corresponding sovereign bonds. Finally, we show that unexpectedness component of ECB policy also exerts a strong short-term effect.
A indústria têxtil no BRASIL: uma análise da importância da competitividade frente ao contexto mundial
Authors: Cavalcanti André Marques , Dos Santos Gilson Ferreira
Published: May 2021

O Brasil é a 5ª maior indústria têxtil e o 4º no segmento de vestuário no mundo.  No entanto, a sua participação no mercado têxtil mundial, é de apenas 0,3% em volume de negócios observando-se um baixo ganho da capacidade competitiva. Considerando a sua importância para a economia do Brasil   este artigo busca analisar a competitividade da cadeia têxtil brasileira considerando os  atributos da inovação, construção e promoção de marcas, flexibilidade, produção com padrão de alta qualidade. Nesse contexto, realizam-se  análises do atributo inovação  a partir de prospecção em  bases patentarias mundiais, posicionamento das marcas brasileiras e iniciativas de aumento da produção de insumos como a matéria prima e equipamentos com vistas a identificar a posição competitiva da indústria têxtil brasileira, determinar  os principais players em equipamentos, exportações e em desenvolvimento tecnológico do setor têxtil. Dessa forma, estabelece-se quais vantagens competitivas da indústria brasileira que devem ser desenvolvidas com base neste cenário.
Therapeutic strategies and outcomes of MDR and pre-XDR-TB in Italy: a nationwide study
Authors: Riccardi N. , Saderi L. , Borroni E. , Tagliani E. , Cirillo D. M. , Marchese V. , Matteelli A. , Piana A. , Castellotti P. , Ferrarese M. , Gualano G. , Palmieri F. , Girardi E. , Codecasa L. , Sotgiu G.
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND: Treatment outcomes in multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) patients are suboptimal in several low‐incidence countries.METHODS: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully treated patients in Italy during an 18‐year
period. Secondary outcomes were treatment outcomes in certain drug‐containing regimens and the possibility for the WHO shorter MDR‐TB regimen.RESULTS: In the 191 patients included (median age at admission: 33 years; 67.5% male, following drug‐resistance patterns
were found: MDR‐TB in 68.6%, pre‐extensively drug‐resistant TB (pre‐XDR‐TB) in 30.4% and XDR‐TB in 1.1% patients. The most frequently prescribed drugs were fluoroquinolones in 84.6% cases, amikacin in 48.7%, linezolid in 34.6% and meropenem/clavulanic
acid in 29.5%. The median duration of treatment was 18 months. Treatment success was achieved in 71.2% patients, of whom, 44% were cured and 27.2% completed treatment. Treatment success rates did not statistically differ between the MDR‐ (68.8%) and pre‐XDR‐TB (77.6%)
groups (P = 0.26). Treatment success rates had large variability between North and South of Italy (81.3% vs. 53.3%). Only 22.5% of the cases would have been eligible for shorter MDR‐TB regimensCONCLUSION: Our study highlights variability in treatment outcomes in MDR‐
and pre‐XDR‐TB patients. Study findings confirmed the potential utility of linezolid and, for patients with limited oral options, meropenem/clavulanic acid and amikacin.
Exploring the Hidden World of Microbes : A Curriculum for Enhancing Farmer Microbial Literacy
Authors: Lintner Alex
Published: May 2021

The primary purpose of this course is to render the invisible world of microbes visible to farmers. This course provides scientific-based instruction exploring how microbes can assist agriculture. Although the course is designed for farmers, this material can also help extension agents, curious citizen scientists, and other non-experts interested in enhancing their microbial literacy.
Public Acceptance of INDOT’s Traffic Engineering Treatments and Services
Authors: Adsit Sarah E. , Konstantinou Theodora , Gkritza Konstantina , Fricker Jon D.
Published: May 2021

As a public agency, interacting with and understanding the public’s perspective regarding agency activities is an important endeavor for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Although INDOT conducts a biennial customer satisfaction survey, it is occasionally necessary to capture public perception regarding more specific aspects of INDOT’s activities. In particular, INDOT needs an effective way to measure and track public opinions and awareness or understanding of a select set of its traffic engineering practices. To evaluate public acceptance of specific INDOT traffic engineering activities, a survey consisting of 1.000 adults residing within the State of Indiana was conducted. The survey population was representative in terms of age and gender of the state as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The survey was administered during the months of July and August 2020. Public awareness regarding emerging treatments not currently implemented in Indiana is low and opposition to the same new technologies is prominent. Older or female drivers are less likely to be aware of emerging treatments, and older drivers are more likely to oppose potential implementation of these treatments. Although roundabouts are commonplace in Indiana, multi-lane roundabouts remain controversial among the public. Regarding maintenance and protection of traffic during work zones and considering full or partial roadway closure, public preference is for partial closure; this preference is stronger in rural areas. The public equally agrees and disagrees that INDOT minimizes construction related traffic delays. Approximately 76% of Indiana drivers believe themselves to above average drivers, while an additional 23% believe themselves to be average. Driver perceptions of average highway speeds speed are not aligned with posted speed limit as the perceived average speed on Indiana’s urban freeways and rural and urban state highways is considerably higher than the actual speed limit.
Maxillofacial Defects: Impact on Psychology and Esthetics
Authors: Prakash Poonam , Bahri Rahul , Bhandari S.K.
Published: May 2021

Maxillofacial defects arising due to developmental anomalies, trauma or ablative cancer surgeries pose a challenge to an individual due to alteration in form, function and esthetics. Face is considered to be a reflection of one’s personality and existence. Any alteration in facial structures or symmetry alters the esthetics of an individual. This may have a deep psychological impact on the patient affecting self-confidence, self-worth and ability to interact among peers. Maxillofacial Prosthodontics is a specialty that deals with rehabilitation of missing or deformed structures of orofacial region to achieve normalcy as much as practically feasible. A multidisciplinary approach is required to evaluate the psychological status, understand the impact of defect altering esthetics and mental make-up of the patient and follow an organized approach to alleviate the impact of maxillofacial defects in overall life of an individual. This chapter highlights the impact of maxillofacial defect on esthetics of an individual and psychological impact of the same.
Therapeutic response in patients with CD30+ lymphomas to biological therapy
Authors: Cakić Jelena , Đunić Irena
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Improvements in combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy of the newly diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) resulted in sustained remission rates of approximately 60% to 80%. However, about 5% of the early stages of the disease and 30% to 40% of advanced disease experience relapses after initial chemiotherapy. Standard in the treatment of patients with relapse or refractory HL is salvage therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In approximately 50% patients relapse after ASCT and then effective therapeutic options are limited. Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®) is a new antibody-drug conjugate that leads to a high response in the CD30 + lymphomas after ASCT. Material and Methods: Retrospective study included 20 patients, on average aged 53.31 years, that were diagnosed with Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas and treated with Brentuximab vedotin in Clinic for Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, in period of 2002 to 2018. The informations of the patients were gathered and databases have been formed from the history of the disease. Statistical analisis included descriptive statistical methods that were done in SPSS programe. Results: The objective response rate (CR + PR) was 76.5% with 29.4% complete remissions (CR) and 47.1% partial remissions (PR). Progressive disease was observed in 17.6%. The median duration of the therapeutic response was 9 months. Conclusion: The application of biological therapy has led to significant progression in the treatment of relapse/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma, but it is more effective to apply it as a consolidative therapy after ASCT in order to achieve better results of treatment of these patients.
Comparison of Tacking and Wearing Performance Between a Japanese Traditional Square Rig and a Chinese Lug Rig
Authors: Masuyama Yutaka , Sakurai Akira , Fukas Toichi , Aoki Kazunori
Published: May 2021

Aerodynamic performance of a Japanese traditional square rig, “Bezai-ho”, and a Chinese lug rig, “Shinshi-bo” in Japanese, were studied by means of wind tunnel tests, sea trials and numerical calculations. Sail forces and sail shapes were measured in the wind tunnel tests. A sail dynamometer boat Fujin was employed for the sea trials, by which aerodynamic forces acting on sail, sail shapes, and sailing conditions of the boat can be measured at the same time. Using the measured sail shapes, sail forces are calculated by means of a vortex lattice method. Differences of sail performance of the above mentioned two types of rig were clarified in the wind tunnel tests and sea trials. The calculated sail performance shows good agreements with the measured data in upwind condition. Dynamic sail performance of the two types of rig during tacking and wearing operations was also clarified in the sea trials using the boat Fujin. Details of sail force variation in time during maneuvering can be investigated by the sail dynamometer system. For the “Bezai-ho,” the backward force acting on sail when the boat changes tacks (wind over the bow) was investigated. At this moment, the square sail falls into a “caught aback” situation, which makes the tacking operation difficult. On the other hand, “Shinshi-bo” showed good steady performance similar to that of the modern marconi rig, and good tacking performance. Obtained results of steady and dynamic sail performance in this paper provide useful information for sail trimming and maneuvering of boats equipped with the western square rigs and modern lug rig introduced by H.G. Hasler.
A Generic Mathematical Model for the Maneuvering and Tacking of a Sailing Yacht
Authors: Keuning J. A. , Vermeulen K. J. , de Ridder E. J.
Published: May 2021

In the present report an extension of the mathematical model for the tacking maneuver of a sailing yacht, as previously described by the same authors in Reference [1], will be presented. There is a need for such a mathematical model because the tacking maneuver and more in particular the speed loss during such a maneuver, is of interest for handicapping purposes. If this speed loss of a large variety of sailing yachts can be calculated the differences may be incorporated in their respective handicaps. This implies however also that this mathematical model should incorporate only the use of formulations based on “generic” parameters, which describe the hull form and the sail plan of the yacht under consideration. In the present report a more complete description of this model, as available so far, will be presented. The accent is on the hydrodynamic part of the model. As much as possible the results obtained within the Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series (DSYHS) will be used. In a future report also the aerodynamic part will be more extensively elaborated so that a wider variety of sail plans may be dealt with. A number of simulations with the model have been performed and checked with the results obtained during a series of full scale measurements.
A Velocity Prediction Program for a Planning Dinghy
Authors: Carrico Todd
Published: May 2021

This paper summarizes the author’s graduate thesis in Naval Architecture accepted by the University of New Orleans, College of Engineering. The author sought to investigate the complicated interactions between the hydrodynamics and aerodynamics of a sailboat. The type of sailboat investigated was the Olympic dinghy class called the Laser. It was the author’s understanding that at that time, no work has been completed in the area of velocity prediction for this type of sailboat. Thus, the fundamental goal of this thesis was to develop a velocity prediction program specific to the Laser. In order to accomplish the goal of creating a velocity prediction program, multiple essential pieces of the data were needed. In particular, the hydrodynamic resistance data, aerodynamic drive and side force data, and hydrodynamic side forces were needed. To determine the dynamic trim of the dinghy, a series of experiments were conducted. In addition, a data acquisition system was developed in which full scale tow testing could be done. Next, a complete tow test series was conducted for the Laser. The aerodynamic sail coefficients were derived from Marchaj’s Aero-Hydrodynamics of Sailing. To determine the hydrodynamic side force, a two dimensional approach was employed. The coding of the velocity prediction program was done using Microsoft’s Visual Basic 6.0 and Excel 2000. The algorithms published in the 15th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium and Principles of Yacht Design pertaining to velocity prediction were used as a baseline. Finally, validation and verification was performed with the shareware program PCSAIL.
Sail Aero-Structures: Studying Primary Load Paths and Distortion
Authors: Ranzenbach Robert , Xu Zhenlong
Published: May 2021

A method is described to conduct an integrated Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) simulation of sails that is based upon knowledge of the sail’s design shape geometry and membrane material properties. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the sail structure and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of the aerodynamic field are combined and iteratively solved to compute the actual flying shape of the sail under aerodynamic load, the stress strain behavior of the sail membrane, the integrated aerodynamic forces produced by the sail such as driving force and heel moment, and the resulting loads on sheets, halyards, etc. An important contribution of this particular method is the incorporation of wrinkling phenomena into the FEA portion of the calculation. Results from a study of working sails for a 30’ MORC racing yacht designed by Nelson-Marek (NM) in the 1990’s are presented and discussed with particular emphasis on the variability of primary load paths with changing trim and sailing conditions as well as the impact of sail deformation in the direction of relatively small stresses that is often poorly addressed in many proprietary sail construction methods.
« Poètes d’aujourd’hui » ou la « forme collective » d’une « utopie singulière ». Entretien avec Bruno Doucey
Authors: Labbé Mathilde
Published: May 2021

Parmi les collections de monographies illustrées, « Poètes d’aujourd’hui » (Seghers, 1944-2007) occupe le statut double d’un modèle et d’une exception. L’originalité de la collection dans le milieu éditorial au sein duquel elle se développe tient d’abord au fait qu’elle est dirigée par des poètes, mais aussi à la très grande stabilité du format adopté dès ses débuts. Cependant, cinquante ans après sa création, cette collection riche de deux cent soixante-dix volumes est mise en sommeil, avant d’être relancée dans les années 2000 sous la direction d’Alain Veinstein puis de Bruno Doucey. Comment conserver l’esprit de la collection tout en l’adaptant à un contexte esthétique, économique et pédagogique nouveau ? Comment poursuivre l’oeuvre de Seghers au sein d’un marché éditorial qui a plusieurs fois copié la formule qu’il avait mise au point et qui s’oriente vers de nouveaux supports ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles ont dû répondre les nouveaux directeurs de la collection au moment d’en accompagner la renaissance. Plutôt que de créer une nouvelle collection, il s’agissait en effet d’opérer un réveil et une adaptation. L’objectif de l’échange ici rapporté avec Bruno Doucey est d’éclairer la transformation d’une formule éditoriale et les évolutions qu’elle a entraînées ou accompagnées dans le type de discours adopté et le public de ces volumes, l’évolution du catalogue et les raisons pour lesquelles la collection a pris fin une soixantaine d’années après sa création.
À l’image de l’oeuvre : iconographies de l’auteur dans la collection « Les Contemporains » (Le Seuil)1
Authors: Martens David
Published: May 2021

Dans les collections de monographies de poche qui ont marqué l’histoire de la critique durant la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle en France, la fabrique du patrimoine littéraire accorde une place décisive à l’iconographie des écrivains. Lorsque Le Seuil lance en 1988 la collection « Les Contemporains », qui tend à reprendre au sein du catalogue de l’éditeur la vocation patrimoniale auparavant dévolue à la série « Écrivains de toujours », le traitement de l’iconographie se voit soumis à une double injonction contradictoire. Dans cette série, la figure de l’auteur se voit nettement minorisée au profit d’une attention portée au travail de l’écriture. Dans le même temps, le principe de la collection veut que chaque volume se centre sur un auteur et propose une iconographie. Face à cette contrainte, les concepteurs de ces livres doivent composer et adoptent plusieurs procédés permettant de conjoindre ces deux impératifs.
Field Feasibility and Acceptability Testing of Action-Based Psychosocial Reconciliation Approach in a Post-Genocide Rural Community in Rwanda
Authors: Minami Masahiro
Published: May 2021

Background: Interpersonal/psychosocial reconciliation is highly prioritized in post-Genocide Rwanda. Despite the need, empirically sound strategies have been extremely scarce. The proposed study is a segment of a broader services-research effort to develop, evaluate, and implement a novel and empirically supported interpersonal/psychosocial reconciliation approach termed Action-Based Psychosocial Reconciliation Approach (ABPRA), that is authentically founded on Rwandan people’s lived experiences of reconciliation.

Methods/Design: The proposed study consists of two major steps. The purpose of step 1 is to develop and empirically validate a set of outcome measures, termed the psychosocial reconciliation impact scales module (PRISM) to assess beneficial impacts native to ABPRA. We will employ hermeneutic phenomenological analysis (van Manen, 2016) of pilot interview data to generate item pool. The purpose of step 2 is to field-test the delivery of ABPRA in Rwanda to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention, exploring and illuminating potential procedural uncertainties in conducting a larger-scale evaluation of ABPRA. We will follow the guidance on pilot study by Thabane et al. (2010).

Discussion: The study is an essential step to advance the project to a full-scale experimental evaluation of ABPRA. The project holds the possibility of making available and accessible, an empirically supported and meaningful approach to conflict resolution, genocide/war prevention and peacebuilding in Rwanda and other war/conflict-affected regions around the globe.
Studying Resilient Action Strategies of First Line Managers
Authors: Karltun Johan , Karltun Anette , Havemose Karin , Karlsson Magnus , Kjellström Sofia
Published: May 2021

Background: One important key to an organization’s long-term competitiveness is the ability of first line managers (FLMs) to handle their role as a leader in daily work. FLMs main task is to contribute to a high and stable production output according to customer demands from an input that is characterized by instability and variability. To do so, FLMs must develop resilient action strategies – ways of working and daily problem solving that systematically facilitate to cope with instability. In this study protocol we present a methodological approach developed to evaluate and improve these.

Methods/Design: The research approach is collaborative and developmental and performed together with two companies. The approach integrates and extends the theory and application of a model on interactive research and a framework on activity analysis. It will be applied using data collection techniques like interviews, diaries, observations, document analysis, and questionnaires. The analysis and development stages will be performed both separate and in collaboration in workshops and the result is planned to end up in the joint writing of a generic handbook on advantageous action strategies for FLMs’.

Discussion: This study contributes with a new integration of two methodological approaches which provides a novel way to understand and develop dynamic on-the-job behaviour in work settings.
Pentasomy X Syndrome in Neonate: A Rare Disorder
Authors: Jagtap Prashant Sanjay , Maiti Smarajit , Koppaka Neeraja , Kate Ushang , Pais Anurita
Published: May 2021

Pentasomy X is a rare syndrome with variable phenotype, that affects females with characteristic clinical features such as severe mental retardation with delayed speech, short stature, facial dimorphism’s, osseous, articular/skeletal/limb abnormalities, and congenital heart defects. Clinical course of the disease seems to be adverse as there has been no evidence of life till adulthood. This case study was of one-month-old girl referred for cytogenetic evaluation that revealed 49,XXXXX karyotype, indicating Pentasomy X syndrome. Studies have mentioned meiotic successive nondisjunction errors in maternal meiosis or combined maternal and paternal origin as a mechanism for Pentasomy X formation which has been supported by genotyping studies using Short Tandem Repeats (STR) X-linked polymorphic markers. An early restricted fetal growth and movements along with increased nuchal fold in pregnancy could suggest referral to prenatal karyotyping studies. Prenatal diagnosis of Pentasomy X syndrome is a challenge due to absence of advanced maternal age and maternal screening markers along with subtle nonspecific Ultrasonography (USG) abnormalities that are detected late in the pregnancy. Hence, there is a strong need of Non Invasive Prenatal Screening (NIPS) with clinical coverage of sex chromosomes in routine pregnancy management along with 3D high resolution USG evaluation as a mandatory workup to rule out Pentasomy X irrespective of advanced maternal age. Management frame work through genetic counseling help patients to adapt to the challenging diagnosis and early interventions for patient management.
Direct Observation of Reductive Coupling Mechanism between Oxygen and Iron/Nickel in Cobalt‐Free Li‐Rich Cathode Material: An in Operando X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Dixon Ditty , Mangold Stefan , Knapp Michael , Ehrenberg Helmut , Bhaskar Aiswarya
Published: May 2021

Li‐rich cathodes possess high capacity and are promising candidates in next‐generation high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries. This high capacity is partly attributed to its poorly understood oxygen‐redox activity. The present Li‐rich cathodes contain expensive and environmentally‐incompatible cobalt as a main transition metal. In this work, cobalt‐free, iron‐containing Li‐rich cathode material (nominal composition Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Fe0.08O2) is synthesized, which exhibits excellent discharge capacity (≈250 mAh g−1) and cycling stability. In operando, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at Mn, Fe, and Ni K edges reveals its electrochemical mechanism. X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) features of Fe and Ni K edges show unusual behavior: when an electrode is charged to 4.5 V, Fe and Ni K edges’ XANES features shift to higher energies, evidence for Fe3+→Fe4+ and Ni2+→Ni4+ oxidation. However, when charged above 4.5 V, XANES features of Fe and Ni K edges shift back to lower energies, indicating Fe4+→Fe3+ and Ni4+→Ni3+ reduction. This behavior can be linked to a reductive coupling mechanism between oxygen and Fe/Ni. Though this mechanism is observed in Fe‐containing Li‐rich materials, the only electrochemically active metal in such cases is Fe. Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Fe0.08O2 has multiple electrochemically active metal ions; Fe and Ni, which are investigated simultaneously and the obtained results will assist tailoring of cost‐effective Li‐rich materials.
Spatial‐temporal evaluation of different reference evapotranspiration methods based on the climate forecast system reanalysis data
Authors: Woldesenbet Tekalegn Ayele , Elagib Nadir Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Evapotranspiration is a major component of the interaction between land‐surface processes and the atmosphere. Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data offer a promising database for overcoming the limitations in availability and reliability of climatological data and, hence, for understanding the evapotranspiration process. Using these data on grid‐by‐grid daily, seasonal and yearly scales, the present study attempts to advance the spatio‐temporal evaluation of two radiation‐based and three temperature‐based methods for estimating potential evapotranspiration (PET) against estimates of grass reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by FAO Penman–Monteith method (FAO‐PM). The analysis was performed for the period 1979–2013, considering the second largest (79 000 km2) river system in Ethiopia, that is, Omo‐Gibe basin, which accommodates national parks and vast hydropower, cultivation and afforestation developments and discharges its flow to Lake Turkana in Kenya. Despite the large regional variations in climate and elevation, the results in overall emphasize the outperformance of the simple temperature method, viz. Hargreaves–Samani method, in capturing both the annual and seasonal FAO‐PM estimates. Calibration of the Hargreaves–Samani equation is, however, a requisite for spectacular improvement of its performance. Accordingly, new coefficients of the equation are proposed. The annual trends in the basin's ETo increased with rising temperature and decreasing relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, but with decreasing (increasing) rainfall in the upper region (the middle and lower regions). It is deduced that trends in simple methods do not necessarily reflect the true trends in ETo. Annual ETo decreases with increasing elevation and annual rainfall. The present findings are discussed in the context of a worldwide literature, thereby improving the understanding of the best performing PET methods in similar data‐scarce national or transboundary rivers basin in Ethiopia, the region or worldwide. The wider implications regarding water loss from reservoirs and the rain‐fed food and sugar production in the basin under study are also highlighted.
A novel and recurrent KLHL40 pathogenic variants in a Chinese family of multiple affected neonates with nemaline myopathy 8
Authors: Yi Sheng , Zhang Yue , Qin Zailong , Yi Shang , Zheng Haiyang , Luo Jingsi , Li Qifei , Wang Jin , Yang Qi , Li Mengting , Chen Fei , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Qinle , Shen Yiping
Published: May 2021

Background

Nemaline myopathy 8 is a severe autosomal recessive muscle disorder characterized by fetal akinesia or hypokinesia, contractures, fractures, respiratory failure and swallowing difficulties apparent at birth.

Methods

An affected dizygotic twin pair from a non‐consanguineous Chinese family presented with severe asphyxia, lethargy and no response to stimuli. The dysmorphic features included prominent nasal bridge, telecanthus, excessive hip abduction, limb edema, absent palmar and sole creases, acromelia, bilateral clubfoot, appendicular hypertonia and cryptorchidism. Both infants died in the first week of life. Whole‐exome sequencing was used to identify the causative gene.

Results

Whole‐exome sequencing identified a recurrent missense variant c.1516A>C and a novel splice‐acceptor variant c.1153‐1G>C in KLHL40 gene in both siblings. We estimated the disease incidence in Southern Chinese population to be 2.47/100,000 based on the cumulative allele frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in our internal database.

Conclusion

Our study expanded the mutation spectrum of KLHL40 and the condition could have been underdiagnosed before. We identified a recurrent missense variant c.1516A>C and provided evidence further supporting the founder effect of this variant in Southern Chinese population. Given the severity of the condition and the relative high incidence, this not‐so‐rare disorder should be included in expanded carrier screening panel for Chinese population.
Geometrical nonlinear problems of truss beam by base force element method
Authors: Peng Yijiang , Li Zhonghai , Kamel Mahmoud M. A.
Published: May 2021

The base force element method (BFEM), formulated according the principle of complementary energy, is a new finite element method (FEM) that deals with nonlinear problems. Using the BFEM, the linear elastic model and large elastic deformation model of the plane truss element are derived, and the large elastic deformation model is expanded into a three‐dimensional setting in this study. The rotating part of the element should be considered when deriving the large elastic deformation model. Accordingly, it is necessary to determine whether base force can be used as a fundamental unknown variable. Nonlinear numerical calculation is performed in combination with large elastic deformations of the truss beam and frame. The calculated results conform with the theoretical results of a solid beam with equivalent deflection. In this study, the U.L and T.L formats are used to solve the governing equations iteratively. The calculated results in the T.L format are compared with those of the T2D2 and LINK1 elements in the finite element software. Only a single loading of the T.L format is necessary, rendering it a simple and convenient approach that can improve calculation efficiency. Moreover, the arc‐length method is first applied to the BFEM to solve the snap‐through problem.
A Capacitorless and Low‐Optical‐Flicker AC Direct LED Driving IC and System Applied to Street Lighting
Authors: Sun Longtian , Han Yan
Published: May 2021

This study presents a novel alternating current (AC) direct light emitting diode (LED) driving integrated circuit (IC) and system applied to street lighting. In the proposed driving IC, the level shifter circuit is specially designed to enable it to be directly powered by the 380 V 50 Hz three‐phase AC, so that the characteristics of the three‐phase AC can be utilized to reduce the harmful optical flicker and increase the output power of the driving system. And a new power factor correction circuit is proposed to improve the power factor of the driving IC. In addition, the power compensation circuit with negative feedback is designed to stabilize the average output power when the voltage of the power grid fluctuates. The driving IC and system are fabricated with a 1 μm 700 V Bipolar‐CMOS‐DMOS process. The driving system does not need electrolytic capacitors, achieves 72 W output power and an up to 0.993 PF with only 12.7% percent flicker at the 380 V 50 Hz three‐phase AC input, while the frequency of the output power is improved to 300 Hz, and the average output power varies only from −2.3% to 0.7% with the help of the power compensation circuit. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Analytical solution of the bending problem of free orthotropic rectangular thin plate on two‐parameter elastic foundation
Authors: Bai Eburilitu , Zhang Chunling , Chen Alatancang , Su Xin
Published: May 2021

The bending problem of free orthotropic rectangular thin plate (RTP) on two‐parameter elastic foundation under a concentrated load is studied by the symplectic superposition method. Firstly, the original bending problem is decomposed into three subproblems by analyzing load effects and boundary conditions, each of which is the bending problem of the plate with two opposite edges slidingly supported. In order to solve the three sub‐problems based on the separation of variables method in Hamiltonian system, the Hamiltonian system for the orthotropic RTP with two opposite edges slidingly supported is studied, and then the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian operator are obtained by combining the separation of variables and symbolic computation. Secondly, according to the symplectic orthogonality and the completeness of the eigenfunctions, the general solution of the Hamiltonian system with the two opposite edges slidingly supported is obtained. Furthermore, the solutions in the form of series of the three subproblems are obtained respectively. Finally, the symplectic superposition solution of the original bending problem is obtained by superposing the solutions of the three subproblems and the correctness of the symplectic superposition solution is verified by two numerical examples.
Stepwise dehydration of Cd-exchanged levyne: thermal stability and structural modifications
Authors: Cametti Georgia
Published: May 2021

Zeolites show remarkable properties that can be tuned through cation exchange of their original extraframework content. In this respect, the response of the modified zeolite to the heating stimuli, in terms of structural modifications and thermal stability, can drastically change and is, therefore, an important factor to consider. In this study, the dehydration mechanism of a natural levyne previously exchanged with Cd2+ has been monitored in situ by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The initial dehydration trend between 50 and 175 °C is similar to that observed for the pristine material, levyne-Ca. The water loss is accompanied by extraframework cation migration within the zeolitic cavities and the unit-cell volume slightly contracts from 3503.8(1) to 3467.8(6) Å3. From 200 to 250 °C, a pronounced drop of the unit-cell volume (− 7%) is observed. The dehydrated structure at 250 °C corresponds to levyne B topology of natural levyne, characterized by the statistical rupture of the T–O–T bonds of the double six-ring membered cage. However, in contrast to levyne-Ca, the fraction of broken connections reached 50% instead of 37%, and no additional structural modifications were detected up to 350 °C. At 400 °C, diffraction data pointed to the onset of the structural collapse. At this temperature, the measured unit-cell volume was 8% smaller compared to that of the RT structure. The corresponding contracted structure did not rehydrate after exposure to humid conditions for 21 days.
Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease: An Evaluation of the Knowledge of an at Risk Population in Jamaica
Authors: Whyte Nichelle , Morrison-Blidgen Belinda , Asnani Monika
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Ischemic priapism is characterized by painful erections that may lead to erectile dysfunction. Men with sickle cell disease (SCD) are particularly prone to this condition, however, the knowledge among this population with respect to possible complications is not well known.

Aim

The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of males with SCD about priapism and its possible consequences.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out among consecutive consenting males aged 12 years and older with SCD presenting to the Sickle Cell Unit between September 2018 and August 2019. All participants completed a questionnaire detailing knowledge on the definition of priapism, its association with SCD, consequences of untreated priapism and treatment strategies. The responses were used to generate a total priapism knowledge score for each of the participants.

Main Outcome Measures

Main outcomes included knowledge of the term priapism, its association with SCD as well as the total priapism knowledge score.

Results

219 patients of mean age 29.8 ± 13 years completed the questionnaire. 38.4% of patients were familiar with the term priapism and of these 68.8% were aware of the association between SCD and priapism. There was a significant association between knowledge of association of priapism with SCD and increasing educational level (P = .036) and history of prior priapism episodes (P = .02). There was a significant association between knowledge of the term “priapism” and history of priapism (P = .002). The mean total priapism knowledge score among the participants was 5.16 out of a maximum score of 12, with 70.8% of participants being categorized as having “poor knowledge.”

Conclusion

There is a general lack of knowledge among patients with SCD with respect to the term priapism. Education campaigns geared toward addressing the identified knowledge gaps may prove beneficial in increasing awareness among this population and potentially decrease the risk of complications.
Inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use in children insured by Kentucky Medicaid
Authors: Wattles Bethany A. , Jawad Kahir S. , Feygin Yana , Kong Maiying , Vidwan Navjyot K. , Stevenson Michelle D. , Smith Michael J.
Published: May 2021

Objective:

To describe risk factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to children.

Design:

Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescribing to children, using Kentucky Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims data, 2017.

Participants:

Population-based sample of pediatric Medicaid patients and providers.

Methods:

Antibiotic prescriptions were identified from pharmacy claims and used to describe patient and provider characteristics. Associated medical claims were identified and linked to assign diagnoses. An existing classification scheme was applied to determine appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions.

Results:

Overall, 10,787 providers wrote 779,813 antibiotic prescriptions for 328,515 children insured by Kentucky Medicaid in 2017. Moreover, 154,546 (19.8%) of these antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate, 358,026 (45.9%) were potentially appropriate, 163,654 (21.0%) were inappropriate, and 103,587 (13.3%) were not associated with a diagnosis. Half of all providers wrote 12 prescriptions or less to Medicaid children. The following child characteristics were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: residence in a rural area (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.1), having a visit with an inappropriate prescriber (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 4.1–4.2), age 0–2 years (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.37–1.41), and presence of a chronic condition (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28–1.33).

Conclusions:

Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to Kentucky Medicaid children is common. Provider and patient characteristics associated with inappropriate prescribing differ from those associated with higher volume. Claims data are useful to describe inappropriate use and could be a valuable metric for provider feedback reports. Policies are needed to support analysis and dissemination of antibiotic prescribing reports and should include all provider types and geographic areas.