bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Motivasi terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan PT Telkom Indonesia, Tbk Cabang Palembang
Authors: Liana Wendy
Published: October 2020

Tanpa motivasi seseorang tidak dapat melaksanakan tugasnya sesuai standar atau bahkan melampaui standar karena apa yang menjadi motif dan motivasinya dalam bekerja tidak dipenuhi. Untuk dapat menumbuhkan motivasi ini merupakan tugas penting bagi manajemen agar karyawan memiliki kemampuan tinggi dalam melaksanakan yang terbaik dari kemampuan mereka. Oleh karena itu seorang pemimpin harus bisa menjalankan perannya untuk membangkitkan semangat kepada para karyawannya. Motivasi kerja yang diberikan ini tentunya akan berpengaruh pada peningkatan produktivitas karyawan. Motivasi berkaitan erat dengan produktivitas kerja, karena semakin tinggi tingkat motivasi maka seseorang akan bersemangat melakukan pekerjaan sehingga penyelesaian pekerjaan menjadi lebih cepat dengan kualitas yang mengikuti standar yang ditetapkan. Suatu perusahaan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan, baik perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang industri perdagangan maupun jasa akan berusaha untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, suatu hal yang penting yaitu bahwa keberhasilan berbagai aktivitas di dalam perusahaan dalam mencapai tujuan bukan hanya tergantung pada keunggulan teknologi, dana operasi yang tersedia, sarana ataupun prasarana yang di miliki melainkan juga tergantung pada aspek sumber daya manusia Faktor sumber daya manusia ini merupakan elemen yang harus diperhatikan oleh perusahaan terutama bila mengingat bahwa era perdagangan bebas segera dimulai di saat iklim kompetisi yang dihadapi akan sangat berbeda. Hal ini memaksa setiap perusahaan untuk dapat bekerja lebih efesien, efektif dan produktif.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengembangan SDM terhadap Prestasi Kerja pada PT Tanjung Enim Lestari Pulp and Paper Unit Chemical Plant
Authors: Pratama M. Rizky Pippo
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia terhadap prestasi kerja pada PT Tanjung Enim Lestari Unit Chemical Plant. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan sebanyak 33 karyawan pada PT Tanjung Enim Lestari Unit Chemical Plant. Sumber data diperoleh melalui data primer dan data sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui observasi dan penyebaran kuesioner kepada seluruh anggota responden. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan ketentuan jika thitung > ttabel maka hipotesis diterima. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan SPSS V.19 dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pelatihan dan pengembaran SDM terhadap prestasi kerja secara parsial.  Uji F menjelaskan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara variabel pelatihan dan pengembangan sdm terhadap prestasi. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) menunjukan Adjusted R Square 0,578. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa 57,8% variasi variabel prestasi kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel pelatihan dan pengembangan sdm, sisanya 42,2% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian.
Tectonic setting of Cretaceous porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile (28°-30° S) and its relations with magmatic evolution and metallogeny
Authors: Creixell Christian , Fuentes Javier , Bierma Hessel , Salazar Esteban
Published: October 2020

Cretaceous porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile (28º-29º30’ S) are genetically related with dacitic to dioritic porphyries and they represent a still poorly-explored target for Cu resources. The porphyries correspond to stocks distributed into two separated discontinuous NS trending belts of different age. The location of these porphyries is generally adjacent to orogen-parallel major fault systems that extend along the studied segment and also have a marked temporal relationship with deformation events registered along these structures. A first episode of Cu-bearing porphyry emplacement took place between 116 and 104 Ma (Mina Unión or Frontera, Cachiyuyo, Punta Colorada, Dos Amigos, Tricolor porphyries). These Early Cretaceous dacite to diorite porphyries are spatially associated with the eastern segments of the Atacama Fault System, which records sinistral transpression that started at 121 Ma producing ground uplift, consequent denudation and exhumation of the Early Cretaceous magmatic arc. This resulted in a change from marine to continental deposition with an angular unconformity in the site of the back-arc basin after of eastward migration of the deformation around 112-110 Ma. At the scale of the continental margin, this deformation is correlated with early stage of the Mochica Orogenic event described in Perú. A second episode of Cu-bearing porphyry emplacement occurred between 92 and 87 Ma (Elisa, Johana, Las Campanas and La Verde deposits), which are spatially and temporally associated with the regional-scale Las Cañas-El Torito reverse fault, active between 89 and 84 Ma, during the Peruvian Orogenic Phase. This fault up thrust to the west part of the Chañarcillo Group rocks (Lower Cretaceous) over the younger upper levels of the Cerrillos Formation (Upper Cretaceous). The integrated geological mapping and geochemical data of the Early to Late Cretaceous volcanic rocks indicates that both Early Cretaceous sinistral transpression and Late Cretaceous east-west compression were not significant in promote changes in magma genesis, except for slight changes in trace element ratios (increase in Th/Ta, Nb/Ta and La/Yb) suggesting that the Late Cretaceous deformation event produced only slightly increase in crustal thickness (>40 km), but far from being comparable to major Cenozoic orogenic phases, at least along the magmatic arc to back-arc domains in the study area. Finally, our study give insights about regional geological parameters that can be used as a first order guide for exploration of Cu resources along Cretaceous magmatic belts of northern Chile, where both Early and Late Cretaceous Cu-bearing porphyry intrusions are restricted to a large structural block bounded to the west and east by Cretaceous fault systems.
Risperidone-induced bruise-like rash in a child
Authors: Ekinci Ozalp , Gunes Serkan
Published: October 2020

Adverse cutaneous reactions are rarely seen with antipsychotics. Exanthematous eruptions, skin pigmentation changes, photosensitivity, urticaria, and pruritus have been previously reported. We report a bruise-like rash in a 4-year-old boy with risperidone use. The rash disappeared on discontinuation and then reappeared after re-initiating the medication. Clinicians should be aware of a bruise-like skin rash as a rare adverse effect of risperidone. This is especially important for pediatric cases where physical abuse may be suspected.

SIMILAR CASES PUBLISHED:

None.
PLUME-MoM-TSM 1.0.0: A volcanic columns and umbrella cloud spreading model
Authors: de' Michieli Vitturi Mattia , Pardini Federica
Published: October 2020

Abstract. In this paper a new version of the integral model for volcanic plumes PLUME-MoM is presented. The model describes the steady-state dynamics of a plume in a 3-D coordinate system, and the two-size moment (TSM) method is adopted to describe changes in grain-size distribution along the plume, associated with particle loss from plume margins and with particle aggregation. For this reason, the new version is named PLUME-MoM-TSM. For the first time in a plume model, the full Smoluchowski coagulation equation is solved, allowing to quantify the formation of aggregates during the rise of the plume. In addition, PLUME-MOM-TSM allows to model the phase change of water, which can be either magmatic, added at the vent as liquid from external sources, or incorporated through ingestion of moist atmospheric air. Finally, the code includes the possibility to simulate the initial spreading of the umbrella cloud intruding from the volcanic column into the atmosphere. A transient shallow water system of equations models the intrusive gravity current, allowing to compute the upwind spreading. The new model is applied first to the eruption of Calbuco volcano in southern Chile in April 2015, and then to a sensitivity analysis of the upwind spreading of the umbrella cloud to mass flow rate and meteorological conditions (wind speed and humidity). This analysis provides an analytical relationship between the upwind spreading and some characteristic of the volcanic column (height of the neutral buoyancy level and plume bending), which can be used to better link plume models and volcanic-ash transport and dispersion models.
Intraseasonal Variability in the Persian Gulf Revealed by GRACE and Altimetry
Authors: Piecuch Christopher , Ponte Rui , Fukumori Ichiro
Published: October 2020

The Persian Gulf is a semi-enclosed marginal sea of the Indian Ocean. It connects to the Arabian Sea through the Gulf of Oman and the Strait of Hormuz. The Persian Gulf has a large coastal population, and is relevant economically and geopolitically, and so it is important to understand sea-level changes in the region. We use satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and satellite altimetry to study intraseasonal sea level variation over the Persian Gulf during 2002-2015. We interrogate the spatial scales and forcing functions of the variation and its relation to large-scale circulation and climate over the Indian Ocean. Empirical orthogonal function analysis applied to sea level data from satellite altimetry reveals that the intraseasonal sea level variation in the Persian Gulf is dominated by a basin-wide, single-signed mode of fluctuation. Maximum covariance analysis applied to altimetry and GRACE satellite retrievals shows that these basin-wide intraseasonal sea level fluctuations are largely barotropic in nature and coupled to variations in ocean bottom pressure. To interpret the results, we develop a simple linear barotropic theory based on volume and momentum conservation. The theory describes Persian Gulf sea level in terms of freshwater flux over the region, wind stress along the Strait of Hormuz, and sea level in the Gulf of Oman. To test this theory, we perform a complex multiple linear regression using these regional freshwater flux, wind stress, and sea level as inputs, and Persian Gulf sea level as output. The regression model explains ~70% of the intraseasonal Persian Gulf sea level variance. The magnitudes and phases of the coefficients determined from the regression model are consistent with expectations from the simple theory. The Gulf of Oman sea level boundary condition shows significant lagged correlation with intraseasonal sea level upstream along the Indian Subcontinent, Maritime Continent, and equatorial Indian Ocean. This hints at a large-scale circulation and climate influence on intraseasonal sea level variation of the Persian Gulf mediated by waves propagating along equatorial and coastal waveguides. This study highlights the value of GRACE retrievals of ocean bottom pressure for understanding sea level in an understudied semi-enclosed marginal sea.
Two-step LRI1B data calibration approach
Authors: Behzadpour Saniya , Kvas Andreas , Mayer-Gürr Torsten
Published: October 2020

GRACE-FO carries a Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) as a technology demonstration to provide measurements of inter-satellite range changes. This additional measurement technology provides supplementary observations, which improve the reliability of the range rate measurements and allow for a cross-instrument diagnostics and calibration with the K-band ranging (KBR) system.

We present a two-step approach used for LRI1B data calibration within the ITSG-Grace2018 scheme, which is compatible with the entire v04 release timespan. The aim of this study is to mitigate the remaining systematics due to the LRI datation time offset and LRI scale factor. We discuss the implementation of calibration parameters and the contribution of the calibration approach to the overall accuracy of gravity field solutions.
Time-variable gravity field determination from GRACE-FO data using the Celestial Mechanics Approach
Authors: Lasser Martin , Meyer Ulrich , Arnold Daniel , Jäggi Adrian
Published: October 2020

We study gravity field determination from GRACE-FO satellite-to-satellite tracking using the inter-satellite K-band link and kinematic positions of the satellites as observations and pseudo-observations respectively. We employ 10-second kinematic positions from a precise point positioning where the undifferenced carrier phase ambiguities are fixed to integer values using observation-specific phase bias products from the CODE analysis centre.
We present an up-to-date GRACE-FO time series computed with the Celestial Mechanics Approach extended by empirical noise models derived from the post-fit residuals to better characterise the stochastic behaviour of both observation types. We investigate the interplay between the empirical noise model and the co-estimation of stochastic parameters set-up to absorb unmodelled signal (short term mass variations, accelerometer errors etc.).
We validate our results of GRACE-FO gravity field determination by analysing the residuals of combined orbits calculated using both kinematic positions and K-band data, and by analysing the quality of co-estimated gravity field solutions.
Implementation of GRACE and GRACE-FO observation covariance estimates at JPL
Authors: Ellmer Matthias , Wiese David , McCullough Christopher , Yuan Dah-Ning , Fahnestock Eugene
Published: October 2020

Developing meaningful uncertainty quantifications for GRACE or GRACE-FO derived products, e.g. water storage anomalies, requires a robust understanding of the information and noise content in the observables employed in their estimation.

The stochastic models for GRACE and GRACE-FO K-Band, and GPS carrier phase and pseudorange observables employed in upcoming JPL solutions will be presented. Within these models, the time-domain correlations for each of the observations are estimated, and then applied in the least squares estimate of monthly gravity field solutions. Reproducing results from other groups, the resulting formal errors of monthly solutions are improved.

We compare this approach to the current state of the art at JPL, and show that noise content in the determined gravity field solutions is reduced. We further demonstrate the application of this method to data from the GRACE-FO Laser ranging interferometer.
The Viscosity of the Top 700 km of the Lower Mantle estimated using GPS, GRACE, and Relative Sea Level measurements of Glacial Isostatic Adjustment
Authors: Argus Donald , Peltier W. Richard , Blewitt Geoff , Kreemer Corne , Vacchi Matteo
Published: October 2020

We distinguish between two models of solid Earth's viscous response to unloading of the Laurentide ice sheet over the past 26,000 years.  The upper mantle viscosity in both models is 0.5 x 1021 Pa s.  The viscosity of the top 700 km of the lower mantle (670 –1370 km) in model L17 is 13 x 1021 Pa s, eight times larger than the value of 1.6 x 1021 Pa s in ICE-6G_D (VM5a).  In ICE-6G_D (VM5a), viscous relaxation of solid Earth was rapid 8,000 years ago and is slow today, with present-day uplift at the Laurentide ice center being 12 mm/yr.  In L17, solid Earth relaxed more slowly 8,000 years ago but is faster today, with present uplift of the ice center at 20 mm/yr.  The significant difference is not due to different ice histories given that total ice loss in L17 is just 12% less than in ICE-6G_D.  We determine a comprehensive set of GPS uplift rates for North America that is more accurate than in prior studies due to (1) more sites and a longer data time history, (2) removal of elastic loading produced by increase in Great Lakes water, and (3) technical advances in GPS positioning that have significantly reduced the dispersion in position estimates.  We find uplift at the ice center to be about 12 mm/yr, supporting low value of the viscosity of the top 700 km of the lower mantle in ICE-6G_D (VM5a), but ruling out the high value in L17.
Evaluation of the Time Varying Gravity Fields from GRACE Follow-On LRI Instrument
Authors: Pie Nadege , Tamisiea Mark , Krichman Ben , Nagel Peter , Poole Steve , Save Himanshu , Bettadpur Srinivas
Published: October 2020

The Laser Ranging Interferometer (LRI) instrument on-board of the GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) satellites has been collecting science data since a June 2018, a few weeks after launch. Though the LRI instrument, based on design concepts developed for a future LISA mission, was intended mostly as a demonstration instrument, it has far-exceeded its mission requirements and has provided intersatellite ranging observations with improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to the K-Band Ranging (KBR) instrument. The exploitation of the LRI observations has led to a set of monthly gravity field solutions comparable in many ways to the ones obtained from KBR. Though the ranging observations from the LRI have a much lower high-frequency noise content, this has not so far led to an improvement of the time-varying gravity estimates in the spatial domain, while stark differences are visible in the spectral domain between the KBR and LRI fields. We present the series of LRI gravity models in comparison to its KBR counterpart, as well as regional intercomparisons of the gravity solutions against hydrology models.
Intercomparison of signals and noise in time variable gravity field releases from an ice sheet perspective
Authors: Groh Andreas , Meyer Ulrich , Lasser Martin , Dahle Christoph , Kvas Andreas , Lemoine Jean-Michel , Jäggi Adrian , Flechtner Frank , Mayer-Gürr Torsten , Horwath Martin
Published: October 2020

The International Combination Service for Time-variable Gravity Fields (COST-G), a product center of IAG’s International Gravity Field Service, aims on the combination of monthly global gravity field models. A consolidated gravity field series is derived from individual releases provided by different analysis centres (AC). COST-G’s Product Evaluation Group (PEG) assesses the combined gravity field series as well as the series provided by the ACs regarding their suitability for studying mass changes in the Earth’s subsystems (e.g. oceans, cryosphere, continental hydrosphere). Here we present results from the PEG’s assessment regarding mass changes of the ice sheets. Our study focuses on the COST-G RL01 series and the contributing releases AIUB RL02, GFZ RL06, ITSG-Grace2018, CSR RL06 and an unconstrained variant of GRGS RL05.

Based on residual variations of the spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients with respect to a long-term and seasonal model, we quantify the noise level of the latest GRACE/GRACE-FO solutions series provided by COST-G and the contributing ACs. This assessment is performed both in the SH domain and in the space domain, focusing on the polar regions. A regional integration approach using tailored sensitivity kernels is applied to derive mass change time series for individual drainage basins and the entire ice sheets in Greenland (GIS) and Antarctica (AIS). A measure for the noise level of the different mass change time series is inferred from the residuals with respect to a climatology, corrected for remaining inter-annual mass changes. In this way we are able to assess if and to which extent mass change products for GIS and AIS can benefit from the combination of different solution series. Furthermore, we also quantify the signal content inherent to the individual mass change time series in terms of the seasonal signal and the linear trend (i.e. mass balance). Differences in the signal content between the releases are further investigated with respect to contributions from different parts of the SH spectrum. In addition to selected SH coefficients (e.g. C21, S21), we systematically attribute the differences to each SH degree and the corresponding SH orders.
GRACE-derived seasonal variations, a key to understanding aquifer sources, recharge and groundwater flow patterns
Authors: Abdelmohsen karem , Sultan Mohamed , Save Himanshu
Published: October 2020

The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) in northeast Africa is formed of three subbasins, the Dakhla, Kufra, and the Northern Sudan Platform subbasins. The Dakhla subbasin (DSB) receives negligible precipitation (<10 mm/yr), yet displays significant seasonal variations in GRACETWS (average: 50 mm/yr, up to 77 mm/yr) across the entire subbasin. The origin of these variations could be related to one or more of the following factors: (1) leakage out from Lake Nasser, (2) leakage in from surroundings (Kufra basin [west NSAS], Northern Sudan Platform [south NSAS], Mediterranean sea [north NSAS], and Red Sea [east NSAS], and (3) recharge and rapid groundwater flow from Lake Nasser and the northern Sudan Platform. Three approaches were used to investigate the contribution of leakage (factors 1 and 2) to the observed GRACETWS signal over the DSB subbasin: (1) forward modeling (in spherical harmonic domain) of the maximum variations in Lake Nasser levels was applied to test whether the observed seasonal variation in GRACETWS across the DSB can be accounted for by leakage from Lake Nasser alone; (2) estimate (in spherical harmonic domain) the leakage in signal using the simulated TWS from the widely applied Land Surface Model (LSM), GLDAS (Global Land Data Simulation System); and (3) apply iterative forward modeling (iterations: n=30) to reconstruct the true mass variations of GRACETWS over the DSB. Findings suggest: (1) the leakage in signal over the DSB cannot account for the observed seasonal GRACETWS patterns and neither can the leakage out from Lake Nasser; (2) the leakage out signal is centered over Lake Nasser and extends to its immediate surroundings with a maximum radius of 250 km (upper boundary of leakage error); (3) the iterative modeling indicates that the maximum leakage within the 250 km buffer zone around the lake amounted to 22.6 % of the observed GRACETWS signal; (4) minimal leakage (up to 10 mm) from northerly precipitation is observed along the northern sections (~200 km deep) of the NSAS and negligible (< 4 mm) leakage is detected over the remaining sections of the DSB; and (5) the observed seasonal variations in GRACETWS over the DSB is related to an increase in groundwater storage related to seasonal recharge from Lake Nasser and rapid groundwater flow along a network of faults, fractures, and karst topography across the entire DSB.
Reconstruction of GRACE Total Water Storage Through Automated Machine Learning
Authors: Sun Alex , Scanlon Bridget , Save Himanshu , Rateb Ashraf
Published: October 2020

The GRACE satellite mission and its follow-on, GRACE-FO, have provided unprecedented opportunities to quantify the impact of climate extremes and human activities on total water storage at large scales. The approximately one-year data gap between the two GRACE missions needs to be filled to maintain data continuity and maximize mission benefits. There is strong interest in using machine learning (ML) algorithms to reconstruct GRACE-like data to fill this gap. So far, most studies attempted to train and select a single ML algorithm to work for global basins. However, hydrometeorological predictors may exhibit strong spatial variability which, in turn, may affect the performance of ML models. Existing studies have already shown that no single algorithm consistently outperformed others over all global basins. In this study, we applied an automated machine learning (AutoML) workflow to perform GRACE data reconstruction. AutoML represents a new paradigm for optimal model structure selection, hyperparameter tuning, and model ensemble stacking, addressing some of the most challenging issues related to ML applications. We demonstrated the AutoML workflow over the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) using six types of ML algorithms and multiple groups of meteorological and climatic variables as predictors. Results indicate that the AutoML-assisted gap filling achieved satisfactory performance over the CONUS. For the testing period (2014/06–2017/06), the mean gridwise Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is around 0.85, the mean correlation coefficient is around 0.95, and the mean normalized root-mean square error is about 0.09. Trained models maintain good performance when extrapolating to the mission gap and to GRACE-FO periods (after 2017/06). Results further suggest that no single algorithm provides the best predictive performance over the entire CONUS, stressing the importance of using an end-to-end workflow to train, optimize, and combine multiple machine learning models to deliver robust performance, especially when building large-scale hydrological prediction systems and when predictor importance exhibits strong spatial variability.
Intercomparisons of CSR GRACE-FO Solutions with External Data Sets
Authors: Tamisiea Mark , Krichman Benjamin , Save Himanshu , Bettadpur Srinivas , Kang Zhigui , Ries John , Pie Nadège , Poole Steven , Nagel Peter
Published: October 2020

To assess the quality of the CSR solutions, we compare results against external data sets that have contemporaneous availability.  These evaluations fall into three categories: changes in terrestrial water storage against data from the North American and Global Land Data Assimilation Systems, variations in ocean bottom pressure against data from the Deep Ocean Assessment of Tsunami Network, and estimates of the low degree and order Stokes coefficients compared against those inferred from satellite laser ranging observations (i.e. the CSR monthly 5x5 gravity harmonics from the MEaSUREs project).   As the mission provides a unique measurement of mass changes in the Earth system, evaluation of the new solutions against other data sets and models is challenging.  Thus, we primarily focus on relative agreement with these data set with the GRACE-FO solutions in relation to the historic agreement of the data sets with the GRACE solutions.
Bont en blauw: strafbaar en straffeloos geweldgebruik door de politie
Authors: Dolman M.M. (Menno)
Published: October 2020

Bont en blauw: strafbaar en straffeloos geweldgebruik door de politie

Van de politie wordt in beginsel verlangd dat zij zich vreedzaam van haar taken kwijt. Bij de uitoefening daarvan kan zij echter geconfronteerd worden met personen die deze frustreren, en genoopt worden geweld te gebruiken. Dat levert veelal een strafbaar feit op, dus rijst de vraag hoe recht gedaan moet worden aan de omstandigheid dat geweld gebruikt werd door een overheidsfunctionaris, onder moeilijke omstandigheden. De Wet geweldsaanwending opsporingsambtenaar markeert de keuze voor een nieuw perspectief op politiegeweld.
Fire and Explosion Hazards Associated with Electrostatic Powder Coating
Authors: Bielawski Jakub
Published: October 2020

This paper presents fire and explosion hazards during electrostatic powder coating, and describes
the course of the process as well as the characteristics of powder coating as a combustible
material. Potential sources of ignition that could initiate a fire of a dust layer or an explosion
of a dust-air mixture have been identified. The minimum requirements and recommendations
raising the level of safety in the area of coating installations are presented.
Disciplinary Proceedings in Uniformed Services Subordinated to the Minister of the Interior and Administration with Particular Regard to the Act on the State Fire Service and the Act on the Border Guard
Authors: Nowak Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

The subject of the article is focused on issues related to conducting disciplinary proceedings
in Polish uniformed forced. The author draws attention to the fact that a considerable
diversity exists in the Polish legal order as regards the disciplinary procedure applicable in
individual uniformed services. The main arguments focus on the need of developing a normative
act of a comprehensive nature that would uniformly regulate the manner in which
disciplinary proceedings are adopted in uniformed services subordinated to the Minister of
the Interior and Administration. The final part of the article is the starting point for a broader
discussion on the effectiveness of the proposed amendment to the current legal system in the
abovementioned area.
Hacia una ética del paisajismo = Towards an Ethics for Landscape Architecture
Authors: Carrero Espinosa Julia J. , Martínez de Anguita Pablo
Published: October 2020

El paisajismo es una profesión emergente en España, que no solo requiere una regulación, sino también un código deontológico, una ética que fundamente su inclusión en las profesiones reguladas de nuestro país. Este artículo pretende poner algunas bases para dicha regulación de esta nueva disciplina, la ética en la práctica del paisajismo. Se analizan en él lo que podrían ser principios fundacionales con el objeto de abrir un debate sobre los límites y la moralidad de este trabajo profesional relacionado con la estética, la restauración, la creación y recreación del paisaje, que le da al ser humano la capacidad transformadora sobre su entorno. Para ello partimos de la consideración del paisajismo como bien social, y desde aquí analizamos su función social mediante el análisis de sus funciones latentes y manifiestas. Esto nos permite llegar a percibir dos «metaprincipios», responsabilidad y bien social generados por el paisajista. Desde estos principios se analizan algunas intervenciones para poder aportar al debate no sólo una justificación de la necesidad de crear un código deontológico para el paisajista sino a plantear en un debate abierto, los criterios por los que se debe regir el buen hacer de esta profesión incipiente en España.AbstractLandscape design is an emerging profession that requires not only regulation, but also a code of ethics, an ethic. This article aims to lay some foundations for the regulation of this new discipline, ethics in the practice of landscaping. It analyzes what could be foundational principles in order to open a debate on the limits and morality of this professional work related to aesthetics, restoration, creation and recreation of the landscape, which gives human beings the ability transformative about its environment. For this, we start from the consideration of landscaping as a social good, and we analyze its latent function and its manifest function. This allows us to come to perceive three «metaprinciples», responsibility, social good and social well-being generated by the landscaper. From these three principles some interventions are analyzed to be able to contribute to the debate not only a justification of the need to create a deontological code for the landscaper but to propose an open debate, the criteria by which the good work of this incipient profession should be governed in Spain.
COLETIVOS EM AÇÃO: PROCESSOS DE CRIAÇÃO E FORMAÇÃO NA INTERFACE ARTES, EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE
Authors: Inclusão Revista Educação, Artes e , Costas Ana Maria Rodriguez , Liberman Flavia , Silva José Eduardo
Published: October 2020

O dossiê é composto por 11 artigos norteados por práticas artísticas realizadas em projetos coletivos com ênfase territorial e/ou proposições artístico-pedagógicas realizadas no espaço acadêmico.
The Effect of Midazolam on Prevention of Post-Dural-Puncture Headache
Authors: Kashipazha Davood , Babadi Mansoureh
Published: October 2020

Objective: Post-dural-puncture headache (PDPH) is the most common side effect associated with a lumbar puncture (LP). The present study aims to evaluate the effect of midazolam on the prevention of PDPH.
Methods: This single-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 120 patients aged 18-60 years who were candidates for diagnostic LP in 2017-2018. In the intervention group (n=30), 3 mg of midazolam was injected intravenously for two minutes 5-10 minutes before LP, and the control group received normal saline as placebo. Patients in both groups were evaluated and compared with each other in terms of incidence, onset, severity, and duration of PDPH.
Results: The incidence of PDPH was lower in the midazolam group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Mean severity, onset time, and duration of PDPH were not significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). All patients in the intervention group and 75% of patients in the control group with PDPH had a history of headache. There was no significant difference between gender, mean age, BMI, pressure and CSF volume in patients with PDPH (P>0.05). The mean age of patients with PDPH was significantly lower in both groups, and the percentage of women with PDPH was considerably higher than that of men (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference between the parameters studied in the two groups, patients with less age, history of headache, lower CSF pressure, and female gender were more likely to develop PDPH.
The Effect of Uric Acid as a Predisposing Factor on Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rafie Shahram , Alemi Fatemeh , Shamsaei Gholam Reza , Zakerkish Mehrnoosh , Yazdanpanah Leila
Published: October 2020

Background: Since serum uric acid is a controllable and modifiable factor in diabetic patients, identifying the risk factors and accelerating the incidence of neuropathy in these patients plays an important role, and can reduce its level, and the patient's disability, as well as additional therapeutic costs for the patient and the health system in the country.
Method: In this retrospective cohort study conducted at the Golestan Hospital in 2015-2017, the study population was 100 type 2 diabetic patients based on NCS of 54 patients with polyneuropathy. First, the demographic data on clinical examinations, lab tests, and uric acid levels in these patients were recorded on a checklist. Then, in 2017, patients were reassessed for clinical investigations and lab tests, and all data entered on the previous checklist. Finally, all the data were analyzed using the SPSS v23.
Results: The mean age of patients with polyneuropathy was 51.77 years, and there was a significant relationship between age, BMI and duration of diabetes with neuropathy, but there was no significant difference in gender, smoking and hypertension. The mean serum level of uric acid in the two years ago was 3.85 mg/dl, and at the time of the study, it was 4.18±1.55 mg/dl. There was no significant difference in serum levels of this substance after two years of follow up in patients with polyneuropathy (P=0.139). The incidence of polyneuropathy was reported by NCS findings of 54%. In other words, 54% of diabetic patients developed diabetic polyneuropathy for two years.
Conclusion: Polyneuropathy is a common complication in diabetic patients, and the serum levels of uric acid over time cannot have a significant effect on the incidence of this disorder.
Empirical Study of Family Conflicts as a Factor of Emotional Burnout of a Woman
Authors: Biletska Iryna O. , Kotlova Liudmyla O. , Kotlovyi Serhii A. , Beheza Liudmyla Ye. , Kulzhabayeva Lyazzat S.
Published: October 2020

Objective: Conflict issues have always been relevant to any society, but in Ukraine, at all stages of its development, conflicts had not just a noticeable place, but also influenced its history.
Background: Conflicts, of course, adversely affect these processes, because a woman spends most of her life in the family and, of course, the climate inside the family affects the emotional state of all its members.
Method: To study the relationship between the level of conflict in the family and the emotional burnout of a woman, we used the following research methods: empirical – methodologies of Y. Aleshina, L. Hoffmann, E. Dubovskaya "The nature of the interaction of the matrimony in conflict situations” and V. Boiko “Diagnostics of emotional burnout”, statistical – Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient.
Results: The study involved 80 participants. The study also determined the relationship between the evaluation of the work-life balance and organizational parameters. As a result of the study, we determined that the syndrome most characteristic of women is exhaustion, at the average level – stress, at a low level, is a resistance.
Conclusion: The study suggests that in families with a high level of conflict, there is emotional exhaustion in women.
Human Consciousness: Psychic and Energetic Approach
Authors: Varii Myron Y.
Published: October 2020

Objective: The article researches the essence and bases of functioning and development of the consciousness (conscious level of the human psyche) in the context of the psychic and energetic conception of the psyche and psychic.
Background: There are thousands of writings about consciousness. However, operational and functional processes of conscious perception of the world and self, understanding of various connections in this world, determining of attitude to it and self and forming responsibilities for results of interaction are described unclearly almost in all psychological conceptions.
Method: To disclose the human consciousness, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalisation and grouping of existing knowledge about a human, functioning of the human psyche.
Results: It has been proved that the conscious is the plurality of different psychic, about which human is aware. We have found out that the personal unconscious contains phenomena that are in the subconscious, not in the unconscious because "came" from consciousness.
Conclusion: This plurality is the basis of forming psy-programs of different degree of complication and perfection to transform the world as external psyche through activity, behaviour, their comparison with previous experience, isolation of "Self" from the environment to analyse it and consciousness from different perspectives.
The Effect of Intravenous Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Pain Intensity in Patients undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Nesioonpour Sholeh , Behaeen Kaveh , Mohtadi Ahmad Reza , Ghomeishi Ali , Babadi Negin
Published: October 2020

Objective: The control of perioperative pain and its practice can play an important role in short and long term postoperative convalescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy (TAH).
Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial study was conducted on 70 women aged 35-65 years undergoing general anaesthesia for TAH. In dexmedetomidine group, immediately after induction, a bolus dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was injected for 15 minutes and then a dose of infusion 0.5 μg/kg until the end of surgery. In the control group, normal saline was injected. Patients were evaluated for pain intensity according to the visual analogue scale (VAS), the amount of analgesic use during 24 hours after surgery and time of administration of the first dose of pethidine.
Results: Although the mean pain intensity at all times in dexmedetomidine group was lower than the control group, there was a significant difference at 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after surgery (P <0.05). The time of the first request for administration of the first dose of pethidine was greater than the control group, but there was no significant difference in first-time administration of opioid in the two groups (P >0.05). Although the mean dose of pethidine was lower in the dexmedetomidine group, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean values in the two groups (P >0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing post-operative pain and receiving pethidine after surgery.
The Effect of In-Hospital Intervention to Reduce Door to Needle Time in Patients Receiving Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Shamsaei Gholamreza , Rafie Shahram , Pourshams Fatemeh
Published: October 2020

Background and Objective: Attempts have been made to confirm the diagnosis of stroke at the earliest stage and to prevent the development of neurological deficits. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) plays a logical role in the treatment of acute stroke by converting plasminogen to plasmin, and recent studies have shown that the drug can be injected up to four and a half hours after the onset of symptoms. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an in-hospital intervention to reduce door to needle (DTN) time in acute stroke patients.
Methods: This epidemiological case-control study was performed on patients with acute ischemic stroke from September to March 2016 (n= 25) (group A) who were treated with tPA according to stroke guidelines. Their basic specifications, DTN and Door to Computed Tomography scan (DTC) time were recorded. Then, from April to August 2017, an intra-hospital recipe for tPA injection was provided by investigating the obstacles and causes of intra-hospital delays. Subsequently, stroke patients receiving tPA from September to March 2017 (n= 23) (group B) were examined, and their DTN and DTC were compared with patients in the first group.
Results: The mean DTN and DTC in group A were 67.27±28.83 and 30.40±10.59 minutes, and in group B, were 45±25.98 and 22.17±8.50, minutes, respectively, which made a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.005, P=0.006, respectively). The percentage of patients with DTN less than 60 minutes increased from 52% in group A to 95.6% in group B. The percentage of patients with DTC less than 25 minutes decreased from 32% to 69.56% (P<0.001). The percentage of patients with symptomatic cerebral haemorrhage increased from 12% to 8.7% (P<0.001). The percentage of patients with independent ambulatory (mRS: 0-2) at three months after discharge increased from 48% to 56.5% (P=0.003). The mortality rate also decreased from 24% to 13.4% (P<0.001).
Conclusion: By resolving the causes of intra-hospital delays and using a proper team program, the mean DTN and DTC of patients receiving tPA were reduced. This decrease in DTN time was accompanied by reduced complications in the form of reduced symptomatic cerebral haemorrhage and mortality and improved prognosis.
Clinical Comparison of Ibuprofen Drug Effect and Low Power Laser Diode on Orthodontic Separator Implementation Pain
Authors: Mollabashi Vahid , Maleki Elham , Rezaei-Soufi Loghman , Soheilifar Sepideh , Amini Payam , Kazemisaleh Azadeh
Published: October 2020

Objective: Placing orthodontic separators is one of the common tasks in orthodontics. It can cause low to moderate pain, because of the pressure of the periodontal ligament and the release of prostaglandins. The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of Ibuprofen® 400mg (Gelophen, Zahravi Pharmaceutical Co, Tabriz, Iran) and LLLT on pain after the placement of orthodontics separator.
Material and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 61 orthodontics patients were randomly divided into two groups: group one LLLT (31 patients) and group two Ibuprofen drug (30 patients). The age of the patients was 13 to 25 years old. After obtaining informed consent from the patients, Maxillary first molars were selected to place separators in mesial and distal contacts.
Results: After receiving the questionnaires, 11 patients (6 patients from the laser group and 5 patients from drug group) due to the taking of another medication during the study period, were set aside. Data from 50 of them were analyzed. Using the Chi-square test, no difference was seen between two groups base on the amount of pain experienced, time to start pain and other causes of pain. Only in the drug group initiation of pain was observed later than the laser group.
Conclusion: As there was no difference in pain experienced between the two groups according to cost and time, it is not preferable to use low-power laser compared to medicine. The drug seems to be more effective.
Regionalisation of needs to reduce GHG emission from agriculture in Poland
Authors: Kistowski Mariusz , Wiśniewski Paweł
Published: October 2020

An important element in the local shaping of a low-carbon economy, as well as one of the key areas of activity in communal plans for its development should be rural areas and their related agricultural activities. This is due on the one hand to the significant share of agriculture in total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Poland (on average about 8%, locally as much as 20-50%), and on the other hand to the high potential of rural areas to use their resources to increase carbon sequestration in biomass and soil, reduce GHG emissions, as well as use agricultural activity for the development of renewable energy. The paper, based on the results of mathematical modelling of GHG emission from agricultural sources in all Polish communes, attempts to regionalize the needs of integrating agriculture and rural areas into the development of low-carbon economy at the local level. For this purpose, the guiding factors for regionalisation of the needs for mitigation actions were determined, and a regionalisation of these needs as well as a typology of the distinguished regions were, consequently, developed. The regions with the most urgent needs for mitigation actions were indicated, as well as the directions of mitigation actions for particular types of regions.
Drivers of Conflict in Urban Infrastructure: Case Study of the New Yogyakarta Airport
Authors: Fitriantoro Muchamad Imam
Published: October 2020

The study discusses the drivers of conflict in the construction of Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) in Temon, Kulon Progo, using a politico-economic framework. This research employs the theory of land-based elite domination of urban growth machines and theories that explain the drivers of conflicts caused by construction and development of infrastructure. The findings of this study show that the conflict was driven by disagreements on land resource that emerged from the government’s ambition to respond to the pressure to transform the rural lands in the region into an urban area under the concepts of aerotropolis and MICE. The pressure came from the interests of local and national elite groups, which complemented the extant problem of domination of land ownership by the local political elites of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Thus, the conflict was related to not only the development of infrastructure but also a land conflict that arose from urban development policies. The other drivers of the conflict include poor governance of the project and social factors.
Role of the Botoh as Political Brokers and Gamblers during the Tulungagung Local Election of 2018
Authors: Abbiyyu Mohammad Darry
Published: October 2020

Current studies on the botoh generally focus on gambling in village-head elections (pilkades) and how its role transforms from pilkades to local elections (pilkada). However, this article defines the botoh as a political broker and gambler during the 2018 local election of Tulungagung Regency. This research found that the botoh’s way of persuading voters had a positive effect on an unfavorable candidate and helped him win. This study conducted in-depth interviews of “big” botoh, observed field operation patterns, and collected documents from related parties. The practice of gambling during pilkada is categorized into three types: ngapit, leg-leg’an, and biting. This article argues that the roles of the botoh as a political broker and gambler are caused by high-stakes gambling, compensation from candidates to be part of the campaign team, and the direct election process. In this context, candidates are likely to entrust the botoh with an important role within their campaign teams, because they are considered to understand the characteristics of voters.