bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public screening for COVID‐19 in Wuhan, China and beware of the antibody positive in women and tumor patients
Authors: Shang Yufeng , Liang Yuxing , Liu Tao , Li Jingfeng , Zhou Fuling
Published: December 2021

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global health emergency. Early detection and intervention are key factors for improving outcomes in patients with COVID‐19. Real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction‐based molecular assays and antibody for detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory specimens are the current reference standard for COVID‐19 diagnosis. Clinical implications of different specimen types for nucleic acid and antibody testing of COVID‐19 in Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University were analyzed. Compared with health groups, tumor patients had higher rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) (+/−) immunoglobulin M (IgM) (+) immunoglobulin G (IgG) (+). The rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 (−) IgM (+) IgG (−) or SARS‐CoV‐2 (−) IgM (−) IgG (+) in female was significantly higher than that in male. These results can help governments to take screening measures to prevent the COVID‐19 pandemic again.
Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders
Authors: Marrero‐Cristobal Gigliola , Gelpi‐Dominguez Ursula , Morales‐Silva Roberto , Alvarado‐Torres John , Perez‐Torres Joshua , Perez‐Perez Yobet , Sepulveda‐Orengo Marian
Published: December 2021

Despite the prevalence and public health impact of substance use disorders (SUDs), effective long‐term treatments remain elusive. Aerobic exercise is a promising, nonpharmacological treatment currently under investigation as a strategy for preventing drug relapse. Aerobic exercise could be incorporated into the comprehensive treatment regimens for people with substance abuse disorders. Preclinical studies of SUD with animal models have shown that aerobic exercise diminishes drug‐seeking behavior, which leads to relapse, in both male and female rats. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects of substance abuse‐induced cellular and physiological adaptations believed to be responsible for drug‐seeking behavior. Accordingly, the overall goal of this review is to provide a summary and an assessment of findings to date, highlighting evidence of the molecular and neurological effects of exercise on adaptations associated with SUD.
Mechanism of winter precipitation variations in the southern arid Central Asia
Authors: Xie Tingting , Huang Wei , Feng Song , Wang Tao , Liu Yan , Chen Jianhui , Chen Fahu
Published: December 2021

The southern arid central Asia (SACA, 35.25°–45°N, 46.25°–80°E) is influenced by Mediterranean type of climate with wet cool season. This study analysed the variations of winter precipitation and their mechanisms during 1979–2017. The results suggest the variations of winter precipitation in SACA are influenced by two water vapour pathways, which are closely linked to a low‐latitude high‐pressure anomaly near Indian subcontinent and the mid‐high latitude North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. Specifically, at low latitudes, the northern Indian Ocean heated by El Niño causes the anomalous intensification of the subtropical high throughout the low latitude region, especially over the Indian subcontinent, resulting in increased water vapour transport from the northern Indian Ocean to SACA. This result of low latitude is also supported by model simulations. At middle and high latitudes, the negative NAO phase leads to a southward displacement of the water vapour pathway and carries water vapour to pass over number of upwind water bodies, resulting in the transport of more westerly‐associated water vapour to SACA. Further analysis showed that there is a northwest‐southeast teleconnection wave train, from the North Atlantic to Central Asia and to the Indian subcontinent, which allows wave fluxes originating in the North Atlantic and the northern Indian Ocean to propagate from high and low latitudes, respectively, to the study area. At the same time, high‐latitude cold air advection, brought by the low‐pressure system in Central Asia, converges with the flow of warm water vapour from the low‐latitude northern Indian Ocean, generating an ascending motion and reducing atmospheric static stability, and thereby lead to increasing precipitation in SACA. Therefore, the key to determining the origin of precipitation variations in SACA is understanding the interaction of large‐scale circulation systems at low and mid‐high latitudes.

Key words

arid Central Asia, precipitation, dynamic mechanism
Employee Assistance Programs: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chen Yin‐Che , Chu Hui‐Chuang , Wang Pin‐Tun
Published: December 2021

According to the International Employee Assistance Professionals Association (2011), employee assistance programs (EAPs) are integrated programs in which various methods are used to provide organizations and their employees with different services. However, despite the increasing implementation of EAPs, quantitative meta‐analyses on EAPs have yet to be conducted. Thus, following Rosenthal's (1991) recommendations for meta‐analysis, we performed a meta‐analysis of 14 quantitative studies on EAPs in Taiwan. Results indicated that EAPs are negatively correlated with work stress and positively correlated with organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and social support. This study also offers prescriptions for the organizational conduct of EAPs with respect to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, social support, and work stress.
The roles of locus of causality and buyer attribution in resolution of recurrent supplier‐induced disruptions
Authors: Wang Qiong , Cheng Li , Craighead Christopher W. , Li Julie Juan
Published: December 2021

While the literature tends to take a dichotomous view of supplier‐induced disruptions, we take a continuum perspective: a buyer perceives a disruption induced by the supplier to varying degrees (i.e., attributing varying levels of responsibility to the supplier), thus affecting the buyer's decisions in switching suppliers. By focusing on the recurrent disruptions, we argue that imputed buyers' attributions of responsibility are characterized by disruptions' recurrent nature and locus of causality—whether the disruptions were repeatedly triggered by recurrent events internal or external to the supplier. Furthermore, while previous studies have identified either buyers' attributions of disruptions or suppliers' justice approaches (to resolve disruptions) as independent factors driving buyers' decisions, we integrate attribution and justice theories and investigate their combined effect—how responsibility attributions affect buyers' switching intentions given suppliers' justice approaches. Using three vignette‐based studies of 705 purchasing managers (supplemented by three robustness check studies), we show that distributive justice attenuates the damaging impact of disruptions triggered by suppliers' internal incidents (internal locus) on buyers' switching intentions, whereas procedural and interactional justice are more instrumental in disruptions triggered by external events (external locus). We conclude by offering substantive guidance for suppliers regarding appropriate actions in preserving the relationship.
Rapid large‐scale preparation of polysaccharides from jackfruit peel waste by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography and their antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities
Authors: Wang Yanhua , Jiang Zhiguo
Published: December 2021

Polysaccharides with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were first isolated from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) peel through the one‐step high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. The separation process was completed using the polymer two‐phase aqueous system constituted by PEG1000‐K2HPO4‐KH2PO4‐H2O (0.8:1.25:1.25:6.5, w/w). For every separation process, two main polysaccharides, namely, fraction‐1 and fraction‐2 (165 and 225 mg, respectively) were obtained from a 2.0 g crude sample. As suggested by high‐performance gel permeation chromatography, jackfruit peel polysaccharides had the mean molecular weight values of 113.3 and 174.3 kDa, separately. Physicochemical analysis suggested that two polysaccharides were dominant in galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, as well as fucose, which were highly esterified. Biological activity analysis showed that fraction‐1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activity in vitro and hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice compared with fraction‐2. The results suggest that polysaccharide fraction‐1 may be developed as a potential functional food supplement.
Development of Fluorescently Labeled, Functional Type I Collagen Molecules
Authors: Siadat Seyed Mohammad , Silverman Alexandra A. , Susilo Monica E. , Paten Jeffrey A. , DiMarzio Charles A. , Ruberti Jeffrey W.
Published: December 2021

While de novo collagen fibril formation is well‐studied, there are few investigations into the growth and remodeling of extant fibrils, where molecular collagen incorporation into and erosion from the fibril surface must delicately balance during fibril growth and remodeling. Observing molecule/fibril interactions is difficult, requiring the tracking of molecular dynamics while, at the same time, minimizing the effect of the observation on fibril structure and assembly. To address the observation‐interference problem, exogenous collagen molecules are tagged with small fluorophores and the fibrillogenesis kinetics of labeled collagen molecules as well as the structure and network morphology of assembled fibrils are examined. While excessive labeling significantly disturbs fibrillogenesis kinetics and network morphology of assembled fibrils, adding less than ≈1.2 labels per collagen molecule preserves these characteristics. Applications of the functional, labeled collagen probe are demonstrated in both cellular and acellular systems. The functional, labeled collagen associates strongly with native fibrils and when added to an in vitro model of corneal stromal development at low concentration, the labeled collagen is incorporated into a fine extracellular matrix (ECM) network associated with the cells within 24 h.
All‐Organic Superhydrophobic Coating Comprising Raspberry‐Like Particles and Fluorinated Polyurethane Prepared via Thiol‐Click Reaction
Authors: Fu Kang , Zhang Guoxian , Liu Yibin , Tan Jiaojun , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu
Published: December 2021

Mechanically robust superhydrophobic coatings have been extensively reported using chemically susceptible inorganic fillers like slica, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide for constructing micro‐nano structures. Organic particles are good candidates for improving chemical resistance, whereas the synthesis of organic particles with well‐defined and stable micro‐nano structures remains exclusive. Here, an all‐organic, cross‐linked superhydrophobic coating comprising raspberry‐like fluorinated micro particles (RLFMP) and fluorinated polyurethane (FPU) is prepared via thiol‐click reaction. Benefiting from the robust micro‐nano structure of RLFMP and the excellent flexibility of FPU, the coating can maintain superhydrophobicity after severe alkali corrosion or mechanical damage, while the superhydrophobicity can be repaired readily by the fast recovery of micro‐nano roughness and migration of branched fluoroalkyl chains to the coating surface. This design strategy is expected to provide a good application of thiol‐click chemistry.
Unraveling Sequence Effect on Glass Transition Temperatures of Discrete Unconjugated Oligomers
Authors: Liu Ruizhe , Yang Chao , Huang Zixuan , French Rohan , Gu Zi , Cheng Jianli , Guo Kunkun , Xu Jiangtao
Published: December 2021

Sequence plays a critical role in enabling unique properties and functions of natural biomolecules, which has promoted the rapid advancement of synthetic sequence‐defined polymers in recent decades. Particularly, investigation of short chain sequence‐defined oligomers (also called discrete oligomers) on their properties has become a hot topic. However, most studies have focused on discrete oligomers with conjugated structures. In contrast, unconjugated oligomers remain relatively underexplored. In this study, three pairs of discrete oligomers with the same composition but different sequence for each pair are employed for investigating their glass transition temperatures (Tgs). The resultant Tgs of sequenced oligomers in each pair are found to be significantly different (up to 11.6 °C), attributable to variations in molecular packing as demonstrated by molecular dynamics and density function theory simulations. Intermolecular interaction is demonstrated to have less impact on Tgs than intramolecular interaction. The mechanistic investigation into two model dimers suggests that monomer sequence caused the difference in intramolecular rotational flexibility of the sequenced oligomers. In addition, despite having different monomer sequence and Tgs, the oligomers have very similar solubility parameters, which supports their potential use as effective oligomeric plasticizers to tune the Tgs of bulk polymer materials.
Interfacial Effect on Dielectric Properties of Self‐Assembled Polythiourea‐Based Copolymers for Ultrahigh Energy Storage
Authors: Feng Yang , Jiang Liuhao , Yang Anqi , Liu Xia , Yang Liuqing , Lu Guanghao , Li Shengtao
Published: December 2021

Polymer dielectrics are highly desirable in capacitor applications due to their low cost, high stability, and reliability. However, there still remains a lack of feasible methods to prepare polymer dielectrics with high energy density and low dielectric loss, which severely hampers the development of compact and efficient power electronics. Here, an amphiphilic block copolymer, polythiourea‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane (PTU‐b‐PDMS), with an extraordinarily high energy density of 29.8 J cm−3 and a low loss is synthesized via polyaddition polymerization. This is highly relevant to the block molecule conformation in the interfacial region of the self‐assembled PTU‐b‐PDMS. The block molecule in the interface adopts an extended conformation when the PTU forms nanodots, whereas the block molecule adopts a coiled conformation when the PTU forms nanostrands. The observation and characterization have proved that the coiled block molecule in the interfacial region can simultaneously induce extra strong charge trapping sites and dipolar polarization. It substantially improves the breakdown strength from 652 to 1166 MV m−1, while maintaining a high dielectric constant of 5 and a low loss of <0.01. This work offers unprecedented structural insights into the conformation‐induced interfacial effect and enables rational design of self‐assembled copolymers to boost their dielectric properties and energy density.
An efficient Sinc‐collocation method by the single exponential transformation for the nonlinear fourth‐order partial integro‐differential equation with multiterm kernels
Authors: Jiang Huifa , Xu Da
Published: December 2021

In this article, a Sinc‐collocation method is proposed and analyzed for solving the nonlinear fourth‐order partial integro‐differential equation with the multiterm kernels. The time derivative is discretized by the backward Euler method, and the Riemann–Liouville (R‐L) fractional integral terms are treated by means of the first‐order convolution quadrature. Then, the nonlinear term is linearized. A fully discrete scheme is established with the space discretization by the Sinc approximation based on the single exponential (SE) transformation. The spatial exponential convergence of the proposed method is derived. Several numerical examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our method.
Dietary Milk Phospholipids Attenuate Chronic Stress‐Induced Changes in Behavior and Endocrine Responses across the Lifespan
Authors: Schverer Marina , Donoso Francisco , Mitchell Avery , Rea Kieran , Fitzgerald Patrick , Sen Paromita , Roy Bernard L. , Stanton Catherine , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. , Schellekens Harriët
Published: December 2021

Scope

Increasing scientific evidence is validating the use of dietary strategies to support and improve brain health throughout the lifespan, with tailored nutritional interventions catering for specific life stages. Dietary phospholipid supplementations in early life and adulthood are shown to alleviate some of the behavioral consequences associated with chronic stress. This study aims to explore the protective effects of a tailored phospholipid‐enriched buttermilk on behavioral and endocrine responses induced by chronic psychosocial stress in adulthood, and to compare these effects according to the life stage at which the supplementation is started.

Methods and Results

A novel developed phospholipid‐enriched dairy product is assessed for its effects on social, anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behaviors, as well as the stress response and cognitive performance following chronic psychosocial stress in C57BL/6J mice, with supplementation beginning in adulthood or early life. Milk phospholipid supplementation from birth protects adult mice against chronic stress‐induced changes in endocrine response to a subsequent acute stressor and reduces innate anxiety‐like behavior in non‐stressed animals. When starting in adulthood, the dietary intervention reverses the anxiety‐like phenotype caused by chronic stress exposure.

Conclusion

Dairy‐derived phospholipids exert differential protective effects against chronic psychosocial stress depending on the targeted life stage and duration of the dietary supplementation.
Velocity vector reconstruction for real‐time phase‐contrast MRI with radial Maxwell correction
Authors: Kollmeier Jost M. , Kalentev Oleksandr , Klosowski Jakob , Voit Dirk , Frahm Jens
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To develop an auto‐calibrated image reconstruction for highly accelerated multi‐directional phase‐contrast (PC) MRI that compensates for (1) reconstruction instabilities occurring for phase differences near and (2) phase errors by concomitant magnetic fields that differ for individual radial spokes.

Theory and Methods

A model‐based image reconstruction for real‐time PC MRI based on nonlinear inversion is extended to multi‐directional flow by exploiting multiple flow‐encodings for the estimation of velocity vectors. An initial smoothing constraint during iterative optimization is introduced to resolve the ambiguity of the solution space by penalizing phase wraps. Maxwell terms are considered as part of the signal model on a line‐by‐line basis to address phase errors by concomitant magnetic fields. The reconstruction methods are evaluated using simulated data and cross‐sectional imaging of a rotating‐disc, as well as in vivo for the aortic arch and cervical spinal canal at 3T.

Results

Real‐time three‐directional velocity mapping in the aortic arch is achieved at 1.8 × 1.8 × 6 mm3 spatial and 60 ms temporal resolution. Artificial phase wraps are avoided in all cases using the smoothness constraint. Inter‐spoke differences of concomitant magnetic fields are effectively compensated for by the model‐based image reconstruction with integrated radial Maxwell correction.

Conclusion

Velocity vector reconstructions based on nonlinear inversion allow for high degrees of radial data undersampling paving the way for multi‐directional PC MRI in real time. Whether a spoke‐wise treatment of Maxwell terms is required or a computationally cheaper frame‐wise approach depends on the individual application.
Lead acid battery with high resistance to over‐discharge using graphite based materials as cathode current collector
Authors: Okano Hiroshi , Hano Yuta , Sugimoto Kaito , Ohira Fumiya , Inoue Takashi , Hosokawa Toshihiro , Iwai Taichi , Takai Shigeomi , Yabutsuka Takeshi , Yao Takeshi
Published: December 2021

Lead acid battery has been one of the most important battery for industry use. However, conventional lead acid battery cannot be recharged after over discharge and the performance is greatly declined. It has been revealed that the cause of not being able to be recharged is the formation of α‐PbO2 on the surface of β‐PbO2 cathode active material due to local cell reaction between lead current collector and β‐PbO2. Formation of α‐PbO2 is prevented by using gold as the current collector. In this study, we developed the lead acid battery with high resistance to over discharge using graphite materials as current collector. The formation of α‐PbO2 was prevented by using expanded natural graphite sheet as cathode current collector. The lead acid battery with current collector of expanded natural graphite sheet containing 5% polypropylene (PP) can repeat deep charge and discharge between 0 and 2 V for more than about 6 months and showed flat potential area between 1.9 and 1.3 V for every cycle. Furthermore, this battery can be charged again after over discharge for more than 4 month at the open circuit. We have succeeded to develop high performance lead acid battery.
Bending the Curve: Molecular Manifestations of Electron Antisymmetry
Authors: Herzfeld Judith , Song Xinrui , Li Jicun , Li Pinyuan
Published: December 2021

As very light fermions, electrons are governed by antisymmetric wave functions that lead to exchange integrals in the evaluation of the energy. Here we use the localized representation of orbitals to decompose the electronic energy in a fashion that isolates the enigmatic exchange contributions and characterizes their distinctive control over electron distributions. The key to this completely general analysis is considering the electrons in groups of three, drawing attention to the curvatures of pair potentials, rather than just their amplitudes and slopes. We show that a positive curvature at short distances is essential for the mutual distancing of electrons and a negative curvature at longer distances is essential to account for the influence of lone pairs on bond torsion. Neither curvature is available in the absence of the exchange contributions. Thus, although exchange energies are much shorter range than Coulomb energies, their influence on molecular geometry is profound and readily understood.
Comparative study of Abaca fiber and Kevlar fibers based brake friction composites
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kumar Sushil , Grewal Jasmaninder Singh , Mehta Vikas , Ali Sarafat
Published: December 2021

WHO and Environment protection agencies have reported that the trending brake pad materials are harmful to human health. These materials (Asbestos and Kevlar) produce toxic gases when used in brake pad composites. It is a cause of lung cancer, mesothelioma, affects the respiratory system, and causes many diseases. It has been causing many million people's death. Kevlar (aramid) is the trending material used in the brake pads. So, it is necessary to find a substitute for these toxic elements. In this direction synthetic fiber has been replaced by natural fiber. The main aim of this study is to find a substitute for asbestos and synthetic fibers (Kevlar) in brake friction material. There are very few comparative studies of Kevlar and natural fiber‐based reinforced polymer composites. In this research Abaca fiber and Kevlar fibers have been reinforced as brake friction material and compared studies. The brake pads were developed by using the various percentages of Abaca fibers (5–20%) and Kevlar fiber (5–10%) with other important ingredients of brake in the hydraulic hind Brake melding Machine. The results of physio‐mechanical properties reveal that % porosity, % water absorption, % compressibility increases as increase the percentage of Abaca fiber and Kevlar fiber in the polymer composite while ash, hardness, and density decrease with an increased percentage of Abaca and Kevlar fiber in the composite matrix. The tensile strength, ultimate compressive strength, impact energy, flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile modulus shows the best performance for 5% brake pad composites among all Abaca fiber composites and while ultimate shear strength and proof stress show the best performance for 10% brake pad composites among all Abaca mixtures. The Abaca fiber composites with 5 wt% have shown improved results for the coefficient of friction, fade percentage and wear among all‐natural fiber composites while the performance in terms of recovery was observed to increase with an increased percentage of Abaca fiber. In the comparative study it has been found that Kevlar‐based brake pad specimens showed little better results in %‐fade, coefficient of friction, and in wear performance than that of Abaca‐composites while mechanical properties have shown nearby results. The wear rate and thermal stability were recorded highest for 20% Abaca fiber composite and 10% Kevlar composite.
Temperature‐dependent performance of silicon heterojunction solar cells with transition‐metal‐oxide‐based selective contacts
Authors: Le Anh Huy Tuan , Dréon Julie , Michel Jesús Ibarra , Boccard Mathieu , Bullock James , Borojevic Nino , Hameiri Ziv
Published: December 2021

The temperature coefficient (TC) is an essential figure of merit to accurately evaluate solar cell performance at various operating temperatures and hence enabling the comparison between different cell technologies. Recently, solar cells that use passivating contacts based on transition metal oxide (TMO) layers have attracted much attention due to their excellent performance. Therefore, knowledge of their TCs and insights into their performance at various operating temperatures are of significant interest. In this study, we investigate the temperature‐dependent performance of solar cells with TMO‐based passivating contacts at various illumination intensities. We then compare their performance to that of standard silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. The efficiency TC (TCη) of solar cells that use passivating contacts based on molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and titanium oxide (TiOx) films is found to be almost identical. Both outperform the TCη of the standard SHJ cells and are greatly superior to those of cell structures without passivating contacts. The superior TCη of the MoOx‐based cells is mainly due to their favourable TCs of the short‐circuit current density (TCJsc) and fill factor (TCFF), whereas the superiority of TCη of the TiOx‐based cells is solely resulting from the superior TCFF. The favourable TCJsc of the MoOx‐based cells is explained by an enhanced spectral response at short wavelengths with increasing temperature, due to the improvement of the passivation quality of the MoOx‐based passivating contacts. The beneficial TCFF of both solar cells is partly resulting from the improvement of the contact resistivity of the TMO‐based passivating contacts which counterbalances some of the fill factor losses at elevated temperatures. Although an improvement of the passivation quality of the TMO‐based passivating contacts is observed at elevated temperature, it does not have a strong impact on the TC of the open‐circuit voltage of the investigated solar cells. Furthermore, we also found that the studied cells are less sensitive to temperature variation at higher illumination intensities.
Prioritising crop wild relatives to enhance agricultural resilience in sub‐Saharan Africa under climate change
Authors: Satori David , Tovar Carolina , Faruk Aisyah , Hammond Hunt Eleanor , Muller Gemma , Cockel Christopher , Kühn Nicola , Leitch Ilia J. , Lulekal Ermias , Pereira Laura , Ryan Philippa , Willis Katherine J. , Pironon Samuel
Published: December 2021

Social Impact Statement

Climate change is expected to disproportionately affect sub‐Saharan Africa in the next century, posing a threat to the livelihoods of smallholder farmers and deepening food insecurity. To adapt to this threat, more climate‐resilient crops need to be brought into the food system; these may be developed through breeding with crop wild relatives with key traits to cope with climate change. Here, we assess the level of open‐access trait documentation of crop wild relatives of 29 important crops, their resilience, how threatened they are in situ, how well they are preserved ex situ and we provide priorities for their conservation and use in breeding programmes.

Climate change is projected to adversely affect smallholder agriculture in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) over the next century, with many areas becoming unsuitable for growing crops. Breeding programmes using crop wild relatives (CWRs) that are pre‐adapted to projected future climatic conditions may lead to more resilient crops, but their traits have not been screened across a large diversity of CWRs. Furthermore, many are threatened and require greater protection in situ and ex situ to prevent the loss of an important adaptive solution to climate change.

A previous ecogeographical study found that 303 out of 836 CWRs of 29 major crops cultivated across SSA may represent priorities for future crop resilience. Here, we assessed the availability of trait information and compared traits between resilient and non‐resilient CWRs. Subsequently, we analysed the conservation status of CWRs in situ and ex situ to set new global priorities for protection.

Our findings show that the traits of many CWRs are poorly described, but for those species with better coverage, key differences between resilient and non‐resilient CWRs were identified, including lower plant height amongst resilient CWRs of tree crops (arabica and robusta coffee, mango and cacao) and a higher likelihood of invasive CWRs to be resilient. We found that 14% and 36% of resilient CWRs are threatened in situ and absent from seed collections, respectively.

Our study highlights CWR priorities for conservation based on resilience. A concerted international effort is recommended to conserve CWRs and improve agricultural resilience in a changing climate.
Reverse‐Bias Electroluminescence in Er‐Doped β‐Ga2O3 Schottky Barrier Diodes Manufactured by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Khartsev Sergiy , Hammar Mattias , Nordell Nils , Zolotarjovs Aleksejs , Purans Juris , Hallén Anders
Published: December 2021

Strong electroluminescence (EL) of reverse‐biased Er‐doped β‐Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes is demonstrated. The devices are prepared by pulsed laser deposition featuring co‐doping of n‐type dopant Si and isovalent Er, while Schottky contacts are formed by Pt‐sputtering. The diodes display a rectification ratio of more than nine orders of magnitude at ±3 V in the virgin state, but under a reverse bias that yields a leakage current density of 0.2–0.4 A cm−2, clearly visible multiband EL emerges. The EL is homogeneously distributed across the diode area, and the peak wavelengths compare well with the reported transition for Er3+.
Algebraic and complexity‐like properties of Jacobi polynomials: Degree and parameter asymptotics
Authors: Sobrino Nahual , S.‐Dehesa Jesus
Published: December 2021

The Jacobi polynomials conform the canonical family of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials (HOPs) with the two‐parameter weight function on the interval . The spreading of its associated probability density (i.e., the Rakhmanov density) over the support interval has been quantified, beyond the dispersion measures (moments around the origin, variance), by the algebraic (Shannon and Rényi entropies) and the monotonic complexity‐like measures of Cramér–Rao, Fisher–Shannon, and LMC (López‐Ruiz, Mancini, and Calbet) types. These quantities, however, have been often determined in an analytically highbrow, non‐handy way; specially when the degree or the parameters are large. In this work, we determine in a simple, compact form the leading term of the entropic and complexity‐like properties of the Jacobi polynomials in the two extreme situations: (; fixed ) and (; fixed ). These two asymptotics are relevant per se and because they control the physical entropy and complexity measures of the high energy (Rydberg) and high dimensional (pseudoclassical) states of many exactly, conditional exactly, and quasi‐exactly solvable quantum‐ mechanical potentials which model numerous atomic and molecular systems.
Joint power allocation and cooperative analog beamforming for ultra‐dense low Earth orbit satellite constellation networks
Authors: Tong Jianfei , Wang Cheng , Zhao Xiaoyan , Cui Gaofeng , Wang Weidong
Published: December 2021

In this paper, downlink multigroup multicast transmission in the ultra‐dense low Earth orbit satellite constellation networks with full frequency reuse is studied. Multicast transmission significantly improves the system performance compared with point‐to‐point transmission. However, multicast capacity is constrained by the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) of bottleneck users in each group. To tackle this problem, we propose an alternating optimization‐based joint power allocation and cooperative beamforming algorithm (AO‐JPACB) to enhance the SINR of the bottleneck users and improve the system capacity. Simulation results show that the proposed AO‐JPACB algorithm can improve the system capacity compared to single‐satellite schemes.
Heavy Fluorination via Ion Exchange Achieves High‐Performance Li–Mn–O–F Layered Cathode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lu Junliang , Cao Bo , Hu Bingwen , Liao Yuxin , Qi Rui , Liu Jiajie , Zuo Changjian , Xu Shenyang , Li Zhibo , Chen Cong , Zhang Mingjian , Pan Feng
Published: December 2021

Lithium‐excess manganese layered oxide Li2MnO3, attracts much attention as a cathode in Li‐ion batteries, due to the low cost and the ultrahigh theoretical capacity (≈460 mA h g−1). However, it delivers a low reversible practical capacity (<200 mA h g−1) due to the irreversible oxygen redox at high potentials (>4.5 V). Herein, heavy fluorination (9.5%) is successfully implemented in the layered anionic framework of a Li–Mn–O–F (LMOF) cathode through a unique ion‐exchange route. F substitution with O stabilizes the layered anionic framework, completely inhibits the O2 evolution during the first cycle, and greatly enhances the reversibility of oxygen redox, delivering an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 389 mA h g−1, which is 85% of the theoretical capacity of Li2MnO3. Moreover, it also induces a thin spinel shell coherently forming on the particle surface, which greatly improves the surface structure stability, making LMOF exhibit a superior cycling stability (a capacity retention of 91.8% after 120 cycles at 50 mA g−1) and excellent rate capability. These findings stress the importance of stabilizing the anionic framework in developing high‐performance low‐cost cathodes for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Edge‐Site‐Rich Ordered Macroporous BiOCl Triggers CO Activation for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Liu Gaopeng , Wang Bin , Zhu Xingwang , Ding Penghui , Zhao Junze , Li Huaming , Chen Ziran , Zhu Wenshuai , Xia Jiexiang
Published: December 2021

Endowing a semiconductor with tunable edge active sites will effectively enhance catalytic performance. Herein, an edge‐site‐rich ordered macroporous BiOCl (BiOCl‐P) with abundant dangling bonds is constructed via the colloidal crystal template method. The edge‐site‐rich ordered macroporous structure provides abundant adsorption sites for CO2 molecules, as well as forms numerous localized electron enrichment areas, accelerating charge transfer. DFT calculations reveal that the dangling bonds‐rich configuration can effectively reduce the CO2 activation energy barrier, boost the CO double bond dissociation, and facilitate the proton electron coupling reaction. As a result, the BiOCl‐P achieves a higher CO and CH4 generation rate of 78.07 and 3.03 µmol g−1 under 4 h Xe lamp irradiation in a solid–gas system. Finally, the CO2 molecules′ conversion process is further investigated by in situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. This work realizes a new avenue toward the design of vibrant semiconductors on the nanoscale to boost inert CO2 photoreduction.
BlockchainBus: A lightweight framework for secure virtual machine migration in cloud federations using blockchain
Authors: Doyle Joseph , Golec Muhammed , Gill Sukhpal Singh
Published: December 2021

Cloud federations offer numerous advantages such as improved resilience, improved performance, and the prevention of vendor lock‐in. In order to function efficiently, however, they must be supported by automated solutions to deploy cloud resources securely and efficiently. In particular, a system which allows virtual machine (VM) migration from one cloud to another while recording this for charging and security purposes is particularly useful. This paper presents a lightweight framework called BlockchainBus which offers secure VM migration in cloud federations using blockchain. This framework is a VM migration Blockchain ledger which can be used to record these migrations. BlockchainBus framework is implemented using the HyperLedger solution and deployed on the Microsoft Azure cloud platform. The overhead of this system is then evaluated. The performance of the BlockchainBus framework was compared with the overall VM migration time and was determined as 2.36 seconds. This result is shorter than the overall VM migration time of 5 seconds and indicates that the BlockchainBus gives better performance.
Developing Language Through Science
Authors: Gerde Hope K. , Wasik Barbara A.
Published: December 2021

Teaching science can provide opportunities for young children to explore and learn about the world around them and, equally important, to support children's language development. Yet, recent research suggests that children's access to science education is limited, especially in early and elementary education. Since language is critical to children's success in learning to read, teachers need access to a variety of venues to develop these foundational literacy skills. This paper provides evidence of the importance of teaching science in an effort to teach science ideas and develop children's language. In addition, this paper describes a range of approaches teachers can use to facilitate inquiry‐based science education and oral language development simultaneously. When educators engage children in high‐quality science experiences, they present children with the opportunity to develop both science ideas and language.
Re: Percutaneous fetoscopic spina bifida repair: effect on ambulation and need for postnatal cerebrospinal fluid diversion and bladder catheterization
Authors: Macedo A. , Leal da Cruz M.
Published: December 2021

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Lapa et al. Click here to view the article.
Re: Short‐term outcome of pregnant women vaccinated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Mungmunpuntipantip R. , Wiwanitkit V.
Published: December 2021

Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Bookstein Peretz et al. Click here to view the article.
Participation and Social Exclusion – Are They Mutually Exclusive Phenomena?
Authors: Häbig Julia , Zala-Mezö Enikö , Herzig Pascale , Müller-Kuhn Daniela
Published: December 2021

The local education laws in Switzerland mandated the implementation of the rights of the child which includes student participation. Through a comparative case study, our aim was to achieve a better understanding of how participation could be put into practice. While we sought out narratives and situations in which participation took place, in one school we discovered many tendencies towards social exclusion. Children and teenagers reported in interviews and group discussions experiencing humiliation and exclusion, which is contrary to Article 29. In this chapter, the concepts of social exclusion and participation will be introduced and connected. Different perspectives of teachers and students will be combined to demonstrate how different attitudes, beliefs and actions sustain an exclusionary school culture. We conclude that participation is a counteragent of social exclusion and an essential condition to implementing Article 29 embedded in a thorough school improvement process, where all actors collectively construct meaningful student participation.
Voluntary and Forced Return Migration Under a Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Mencutek Zeynep Sahin
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on migrants’ return desires and actual returns across the globe. Border closures in the face of pandemic lead to the panic mobility of those returning home. The ensuing lockdowns and economic difficulties restricted migrant workers’ access to income and protection, pushing them to return. The pandemic brought evident risks for the regular migrants’ access to healthcare, financial security, and social protection, forcing them to consider the return option too. For irregular migrants, the pandemic further increased the risk of forced returns, including detention, deportation, and pushbacks. For all migrants, decisions are marked by a deep dilemma between staying and returning. Meanwhile, receiving, sending, and transit countries, as well as international organisations are involved in return processes by providing logistics, on the one hand, and stigmatising returnees as carriers of virus, on the other. This study is based on desk research and analysis of the scholarly literature, reports, and grey literature from international organizations, civil society reports, scientific blogs, and media reports. An emphasis on returns provides us broader insights to evaluate changing characteristics of migration and mobility in ‘pandemic times’, the governance of returns, its consequences, and the rhetoric about returnees.
The Eye of the Beholder: Applying Visual Analysis in an Historical Study of Lynxes’ Representations in the Bavarian Forest Region
Authors: Baimukhamedova Zhanna
Published: December 2021

Representation is never neutral, especially when it comes to agents devoid of their own voice. As such, wildlife has often been employed as a sort of leverage point, an emotional trigger aimed to deliver a certain message (see e.g., Cronin, 2011). The establishment of the Bavarian Forest National Park (BFNP) coincided with the return of large carnivores to the region, in particular, lynxes. Lynxes are endemic to the area; however, as in many other parts of Europe, the last free-roaming individuals were eradicated in the middle of the nineteenth century. In the past few decades, slowly, lynxes were both reintroduced or came back on their own volition, and that has created a considerable response from the population. There has been extensive coverage of the return of these animals both in local and regional media. Lynxes are also kept in the enclosures of the BFNP to afford visitors an unmediated look at the native charismatic megafauna. In this chapter, I analyse how lynxes have been represented in the local media, the newspaperGrafenauer Anzeiger, and discuss merits and drawbacks of visual analysis research method in understanding the change in attitudes towards these animals’ presence in the BFNP area. For that, I look at the archival and contemporary publications of the newspaper. It has been said that the precondition for people’s understanding of reality lays in fantasy, in imagining things to be true (Bergman, 2013). A visual analysis method can help uncover stories that do not necessarily come to the fore in text, and that, in turn, makes it possible to have a fuller grasp of one’s research object. Andrew Isenberg once said that “[our] representations of wildlife are inescapably expressions of human values” (Isenberg, 2002), and while texts are important in their own regard, visual analysis gives an opportunity to look behind a textual narrative to discern whether what weseeof the wildlife corresponds to what weunderstand.
Engaging ‘Future Generations’ in Meaning Making through Visual Methods: An Alternative Approach to Defining City-Regions
Authors: Axinte Lorena
Published: December 2021

City-regional planning has gained significant attention and funding in the UK, as national and local authorities decided that an intermediary level—the city-region—would be the appropriate one to drive economic development. Nonetheless, city-regions have long been criticized for their undemocratic and closed structures, enlarging the engagement barriers especially for young people. Encouraged by Wales’ innovative legislation, The Wellbeing of Future Generations Act, this research tried to fill the gap in the city-regional youth engagement literature. Specifically, it asked: How could a research project stimulate a conversation with the future generations about the areas where they live, and how could it encourage meaningful reflections on previously unfamiliar concepts, such as city-regions? Two creative participatory research methods, web-mapping and Photovoice, helped explore young people’s lived experience within a newly created administrative layer—Cardiff Capital Region. Results show that despite failing to emancipate the participants’ voices and needs, the two methods employed helped to attract participants, facilitated the understanding of the city-region concept and enabled young people to reflect on their surrounding environment.
Cooking Commoning Subjectivities: Guerrilla Narrative in the Cooperation Birmingham Solidarity Kitchen
Authors: Ruiz Cayuela Sergio , Armiero Marco
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, we explore the recently developed concept of guerrilla narrative as a tool that offers great potential for militant research. “Guerrilla narrative” emerged from the politicization of the oral history tradition; it was developed by Marco Armiero as a research tool to explore histories of contamination and resistance in subaltern communities. In this chapter, we broaden the scope of guerrilla narrative and explore its role in the reclamation/invention of the urban commons. Particularly, we look closely at the tools that contribute to the creation of commoning subjectivities. We focus on the mutual aid relief operations led by the grassroots organization Cooperation Birmingham during the COVID-19 pandemic, analysing both their solidarity kitchen and newsletter. We argue that both are manifestations of guerrilla narrative in the sense that both produce counter-hegemonic narratives while fostering commoning practices. This means that guerrilla narrative goes beyond the wording, textual or even artistic paradigms to incorporate more embodied forms of storytelling, such as the practice or running a solidarity kitchen or other forms of material commoning practices.
Hybrides Maschinelles Lernen im Kontext der Produktion
Authors: Gauger Isabelle , Nagel Tobias , Huber Marco
Published: December 2021

Der Einsatz von Maschinellem Lernen (ML) zur Gewinnung von Erkenntnissen aus großen Datenmengen und der Lösung anspruchsvoller Aufgaben bietet ein enormes Potenzial für die industrielle Produktion. Allerdings ist der Einsatz von ML-Modellen auch mit Herausforderungen verbunden. Dazu gehören die meist großen benötigten Datenmengen sowie die mangelnde Transparenz und Erklärbarkeit dieser Modelle, was ihren Einsatz in der Praxis erschwert. Ein Ansatz, um diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, ist, in der Industrie vorhandenes Fachwissen zu nutzen und mit ML-Modellen zu verbinden. Dieser Ansatz wird alshybrides maschinelles Lernenbezeichnet. Im Folgenden werden die Vor- und Nachteile von klassischen wissens- und datenbasierten Modellen diskutiert sowie Ansätze vorgestellt, um beide Welten miteinander zu verbinden. Anhand von Beispielen aus der Regelungstechnik und Industrierobotik wird erläutert, wie sich diese anschließend im Produktionskontext umsetzen lassen. Im Fokus stehen dabei besonders Aspekte der Zuverlässigkeit, wie die Erklärbarkeit und Robustheit solcher Systeme, die wichtige Elemente der digitalen Souveränität des Anwenders sind.