bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Here, parents become nothing’: ‘Unparenting’ in Israel's policies toward Eritrean refugees
Authors: Birger Lior , Kedem Or , Nadan Yochay
Published: February 2022

Refugees children and families cope with the complexities and opportunities of living in a new country. Based on in‐depth interviews with Eritrean parents in Israel and the social workers who serve them, this article explores the relationship between exclusionary state policies, the negative social construction of refugees and parenthood experiences. It presents two main types of unparenting, which can be defined as the interrelation between structural power and the intimate parent–child relationship: direct unparenting, reflecting the physical and psychological impact on parenting of family deportations and welfare interventions in at‐risk situations and more veiled unparenting, reflecting the accrual of a lack of legal status and rights and its impact – and that of racism – on the lack of parental resources such as time, income, education, emotional availability and, ultimately, the ability to ‘be parents’. Such precariousness further impairs parents' mental recovery, which in turn negatively impacts children's well‐being. Still, parents' resilience is demonstrated by their ability to manage work, family and community life. We conclude by noting a dearth in the research on the impact of socio‐political and legal contexts of the familial sphere, as well as the need to politicize social work practice with refugee children and families.
A hotspot of groundwater amphipod diversity on a crossroad of evolutionary radiations
Authors: Borko Špela , Altermatt Florian , Zagmajster Maja , Fišer Cene
Published: February 2022

Aim

Groundwater harbours an exceptional fauna and provides invaluable ecosystem services, yet is among the least explored and consequently least protected ecosystems. Successful protection of its biodiversity depends on complete species inventories, knowledge of species spatial distribution, and quantification of biodiversity patterns, as well as disentanglement of the processes that shaped biodiversity patterns. We studied the hyper‐speciose amphipod genusNiphargusas a model system within a global subterranean biodiversity hotspot. We linked the biodiversity patterns with possible underlying processes and discuss the needs to include information on different origins of biodiversity into conservation approaches.

Location

Europe, Western Balkans.

Methods

We analysed biodiversity patterns ofNiphargususing two biodiversity metrics, species richness and phylogenetic diversity, on a grid‐based approach. To account for high cryptic diversity, we replaced nominal species with taxonomic units identified in unilocus delimitations (MOTUs). We built a time‐calibrated multilocus phylogeny of 512 NiphargusMOTUs from within and outside the study area, and calculated Faith's phylogenetic diversity, standardized effect sizes of phylogenetic diversity, and residual of phylogenetic diversity regressed onto species richness.

Results

Within the study area, we recognized 245 MOTUs, belonging to differentNiphargusclades. Species richness is highest in a north‐western hotspot, although some species‐rich cells were detected also in the south‐east. High phylogenetic diversity coincides with high species richness in the north‐west, while in the south‐east it is lower than expected.

Main conclusions

We have shown that species richness does not predictably correlate with phylogenetic diversity. This difference suggests that different processes have led to the formation of species‐rich areas in the Western Balkans: through a combination of dispersal and speciation in the north‐west, and local radiation in the south‐east, respectively. This calls for caution in conservation strategies relying solely on number of species and may change the view on conservation priorities within this region.
Equality Street: Ideology and attitudes towards the purely relative definition of poverty
Authors: Dunn Andrew
Published: February 2022

The (purely) relative definition of poverty remains influential as an evaluative yardstick for various government policies. Left‐wing social policy scholars and anti‐poverty campaigners' strong commitment to it contrasts sharply with public attitudes. Regression models using British Social Attitudes data found that ideological orientation was the most consistently powerful predictor of how people define poverty. Evidence suggests anti‐poverty organisations' campaign failures might be due to ideological opposition or to the conceptual weakness of purely relative poverty rather than (as campaigners have claimed) ineffective campaign tactics or the influence of the mass media. Conservative politicians have little to fear in opposing the Marxist concept.
A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study root canal fillings
Authors: De‐Deus Gustavo , Souza Erick Miranda , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Simões‐Carvalho Marco , Cavalcante Daniele Moreira , Versiani Marco Aurélio
Published: February 2022

Canal filling materials and techniques have been one of the most studied topics in Endodontics. A simple search using the mesh term “root canal filling” in PubMed revealed more than 11 000 articles, an impressive number that is much higher than “root canal disinfection” (5544 articles) or even the popular “root canal preparation” (8527 articles). The overriding importance attributed to root filling procedures is not merely intuitive. It derived from the appealing relevance given by the appearance of the white lines in common radiographs grounded on retrospective clinical data that had identified the quality of a root filling as one of the major causes of treatment failure (lack of healing). Since the publication of the Washington study, impressive efforts have been made for the release of new materials and techniques, as well as, for the development of a plethora of laboratory methods to assess the quality of root filling procedures. This narrative review aims to address and discuss the most relevant laboratory methods to assess the root canal filling. As filling quality improvements have not translated into higher success rates, as reported in longitudinal clinical studies, more than to deliver a simple methodology‐based review, this paper aims to present an in‐depth critical view on the assessment of laboratory methods used to study the filling materials and techniques. Recent data indicate that the long‐term dimensional stability/degradation over time of endodontic sealers plays a central role in the treatment outcome. In this context, laboratory methods should be developed focusing on predicting, at least to some degree, the long‐term clinical behaviour of root canal fillings, rather than simply ranking different materials or techniques.
Investigating Preschoolers’ Perception of Artists: Drawing an Artist
Authors: Çetin Zeynep , Yıldız Taşdemir Cansu
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to examine preschoolers’ perceptions of the concept of artist. The participants are 10 preschoolers aged 5–6. This study is a phenomenological qualitative research study. First, a short conversation was held with the children about the concept of artist. Then, the children were asked to draw an artist and explain their drawings. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse and interpret children’s pictures and responses. The study revealed that the children mostly drew artists in the field of painting. It was also found that most of the children had a tendency to draw artists representing their own gender, and they mostly drew paints and palettes to depict the materials used by artists. It is recommended to introduce less‐known / well‐known artists, who are interested in art branches other than painting, from local and foreign cultures, considering the age and developmental characteristics of children, within the scope of art activities held in preschool education institutions. In order for children to understand that there are many other branches of art besides painting and that there are many different artists beside painters, teachers may plan different activities such as three‐dimensional modelling, photography and graphics within the scope of preschool art activities.
How do auditors respond to client firms’ technological peer pressure? Evidence from going‐concern opinions
Authors: Xu Xiaolu , Yang Leo L. , Zhang Joseph H.
Published: February 2022

We examine whether auditors consider financially distressed clients’ technological peer pressure (TPP) in their going‐concern assessments. While auditing standards highlight the importance of understanding the competitive environment in risk assessments and going‐concern assessments, it is not clear whether and to what extent auditors assess different dimensions of industry competition in evaluating firms’ ability to continue as a going concern. We show that a client firm's TPP in the prior year increases the likelihood that it is issued a going‐concern opinion in the current year. This dimension of industry competition is more relevant in auditor evaluations than product market threats and supply chain competition. Further, we find that the positive association is more pronounced when a client firm's auditor audits more industry peers and when a client's peer firms have greater innovative originality. Finally, we find evidence that greater TPP results in more conservative going‐concern reporting.
Telmisartan anti‐cancer activities mechanism through targeting N‐cadherin by mimicking ADH‐1 function
Authors: Khorsand Marjan , Khajeh Sahar , Eslami Mahboobeh , Nezafat Navid , Ghasemi Younes , Razban Vahid , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate if Telmisartan as a novel N‐cadherin antagonist, can overcome cell migration of cancer cells. We investigated the mechanism and influence of Docetaxel and Telmisartan (as an analogous to ADH‐1, which is a well‐known N‐cadherin antagonist) on cancer cells. The effect of ADH‐1 and Telmisartan on cell attachment in PC3, DU145, MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines using recombinant human N‐cadherin was studied. Cell viability assay was performed to examine the anti‐proliferative effects of Telmisartan, ADH‐1 and Docetaxel. Migration was examined via wound healing assay, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The expression of AKT‐1 as a downstream gene of N‐cadherin signalling pathway was assayed by real‐time PCR. Treatment of PC3, MDA‐MB‐468 and DU145 cells with Telmisartan (0.1 µM) and ADH‐1 (40 µM) resulted in 50%, 58% and approximately 20% reduction in cell attachment to N‐cadherin coated plate respectively. It shows reduction of cell attachment in PC3 and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines appeared to be more sensitive than that of DU145 cells to the Telmisartan and ADH‐1 treatments. Telmisartan (0.1 µM) and Docetaxel (0.01 nM) significantly reduced cell migration in PC3 and MDA‐MB‐468 cell lines compared with the control group. Using Real‐time PCR, we found that Telmisartan, Docetaxel and ADH‐1 had significant influence on the AKT‐1 mRNA level. The results of the current study for the first time suggest that, Telmisartan, exerts anti‐proliferation and anti‐migration effects by targeting antagonistically N‐cadherin. Also, these data suggest that Telmisartan as a less expensive alternative to ADH‐1 could potentiate Docetaxel anticancer effects.
A new in vitro method to predict in vivo photoprotection of skin hyperpigmentation induced by visible light
Authors: Duteil L. , Cadars B. , Queille‐Roussel C. , Giraud I. , Drulhon F. , Graizeau C. , Guyoux A. , Passeron T.
Published: February 2022

Background

Ultraviolet radiation is the main cause of skin pigmentation, but more recently visible light has been shown to be an important contributor especially in melano‐competent subjects. Photoprotection from visible light can improve several hyperpigmentation disorders. Recently, a visible light photoprotection assessment method has been proposed based on in vivo pigmentation; the visible light photoprotection factor (VL‐PF) is determined by assessment of the change in colorimetry parameter ITA over several days measured using a chromameter. Although in vivo methods remain the most representative of real life, in vitro methods are more suited to screening sunscreen formulations.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between in vivo and in vitro methods in assessing protection against visible light induced pigmentation.

Methods

We first analysed the in vitro protective properties of the 10 commercially available sunscreens using transmission measurements in the visible spectrum. Then, we performed a monocentric, double‐blind, randomized controlled study with intra‐individual comparisons in 20 healthy subjects and measure the VL‐PF in vivo of those sunscreens. The correlation between the VL‐PF and the percentage of blocked light was evaluated using the coefficient of determination R2.

Results

A strong significant correlation was demonstrated between in vivo visible light protection factor and in vitro transmittance measurements, with the highest correlation factor at 420 nm and in the spectrum covering from 400 to 469 nm.

Conclusion

Transmittance measurements were found to be a good predictive tool to evaluate sunscreen visible light photoprotection efficacy and could be used to select formulations for final in vivo testing.
Needs of care partners of older Veterans with serious illness
Authors: Boucher Nathan A. , Shapiro Abigail , Van Houtven Courtney H. , Steinhauser Karen E. , Allen Kelli D. , Johnson Kimberly S.
Published: February 2022

Background

The quality of life of care partners and care recipients may be improved by programs that address unmet needs. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify care partners' social and practical needs as they care for Veterans (65 yo+) with serious illness.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews with Veterans with serious illness and care partners of Veterans with serious illness. Interview question domains examined through care partner and Veteran perspectives included: types of support/services currently used, still needed, and anticipated as well as barriers to obtaining those supports/services. Qualitative analyses used an inductive descriptive content approach.

Results

Seventeen care partners and 11 Veterans participated. Three main themes emerged from the data: (I) care partners' and Veterans' identified barriers to support (e.g., technology, rurality, awareness of services); (II) care partners' and Veterans' understanding of available supports and services (e.g., misunderstandings regarding VA role and services, heavy reliance on VA, identified sources of support); and (III) care partners' understanding of their caregiving roles (e.g., by tasks and self‐identification).

Conclusion

Results indicate that care partners experience barriers to supporting seriously ill Veterans including awareness, information, and access obstacles that can be addressed to improve access and utilization of available services and supports.
Effectiveness of autonomous home hazard reduction on fear of falling in community‐dwelling older women
Authors: Schroeder Ove , Schroeder Julia , Fitschen‐Oestern Stefanie , Besch Lutz , Seekamp Andreas
Published: February 2022

Background

Many falls in older people occur at home, and home hazards (HOHA) are often involved. Fear of falling (FOF) is a frequent and serious consequence of falls. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of an autonomous reduction of HOHA on FOF.

Methods

In this single‐blinded, prospective cohort study design, the inclusion criteria were female sex, age ≥60 years, no known dementia, community‐dwelling, and written informed consent. Using a 54‐item room‐by‐room checklist, the participants identified and autonomously reduced as many HOHA as possible, within 14 days. The FOF was measured using a dichotomous scale (D‐FOF) and the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES‐I). Logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of a substantial reduction of HOHA (≥50%) and FOF (≥25%).

Results

A total of 782 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and 431 (60.5%) returned the complete checklist on time. The mean age was 72.5 [SD 7.1] years. 43.8% of participants reduced ≥50% of the HOHA. The D‐FOF (odds ratio 22.4 [95% confidence interval 11.0–45.3]), age ≥ 75 years (14.1 [7.5–26.4]), polypharmacy (3.0 [1.4–6.5]), and assumed improvability of housing conditions (2.4 [1.3–4.3]) were identified as predictors for substantially reducing HOHA with an area under the curve of 0.91. The initial FES‐I score decreased from 24.5 to 19.5. Prior to the intervention, 53.1% showed a high FOF (>22 FES‐I scores). Of these, 70.7% participants reduced their high FOF to low FOF. 29.2% of all participants reduced FOF ≥25% postinterventionally, associated with a substantial reduction in HOHA (3.5 [2.2–5.7]) as the strongest independent factor in the multiple logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

The use of a self‐administered checklist led to a substantial reduction of HOHA and subsequently to a clinically relevant reduction of FOF in older community‐dwelling women. Autonomous competence of older people should be considered when developing fall prevention strategies.
Glucose as a carbon source to synthesize palmitate de novo in the adult rodent brain: Adding to the carbon recycling story in the brain
Authors: Murphy Eric J.
Published: February 2022

While brain glucose metabolism is known to contribute the carbons to support brain saturated and monounsaturated fatty biosynthesis de novo in the developing brains of young rodents, such a contribution to fatty acid biosynthesis in the adult brain is poorly understood. Recent work from the Bazinet laboratory illuminates the role of brain glucose metabolism in providing a carbon source from which palmitic acid is synthesized. In “The Majority of Brain Palmitic Acid is Maintained by Lipogenesis from Dietary Sugars and is Augmented in Offspring fed low Palmitic Acid Levels from Birth”, the Bazinet lab demonstrates the importance of glucose as a key contributing source of carbon for brain palmitic synthesis and that a low palmitate diet exacerbates its utilization for brain palmitate synthesis de novo. Further, this impact is found in male mice rather than female mice, which adds an additional layer of importance. Mammals are known to conserve carbon and the brain has the ability to convert a variety of carbon sources to needed molecules, depending on the physiological needs of the brain. Overall, this paper contributes an important missing piece of the puzzle regarding carbon recycling in the brain and is a key piece of evidence that indeed the adult mammalian brain can convert glucose to carbons for use in saturated fatty acid synthesis.

image
True‐color 3D rendering of human anatomy using surface‐guided color sampling from cadaver cryosection image data: A practical approach
Authors: Azkue Jon Jatsu
Published: February 2022

Three‐dimensional computer graphics are increasingly used for scientific visualization and for communicating anatomical knowledge and data. This study presents a practical method to produce true‐color 3D surface renditions of anatomical structures. The procedure involves extracting the surface geometry of the structure of interest from a stack of cadaver cryosection images, using the extracted surface as a probe to retrieve color information from cryosection data, and mapping sampled colors back onto the surface model to produce a true‐color rendition. Organs and body parts can be rendered separately or in combination to create custom anatomical scenes. By editing the surface probe, structures of interest can be rendered as if they had been previously dissected or prepared for anatomical demonstration. The procedure is highly flexible and nondestructive, offering new opportunities to present and communicate anatomical information and knowledge in a visually realistic manner. The technical procedure is described, including freely available open‐source software tools involved in the production process, and examples of color surface renderings of anatomical structures are provided.
Black Lives and Black Research Matter: How our Collective Emotions Continue to Drive a Movement
Authors: Dunbar Angel S.
Published: February 2022

The author discusses (1) how the collective emotional experience of the Black community has propelled two parallel movements, Black Lives Matter and Black Research Matters, (2) the state of developmental science as it pertains to Black youth, and (3) suggestions for future research to integrate across fields and to evolve beyond Black pain to incorporate Black joy. The author suggests that the palpable anger collectively felt and expressed as a community has propelled a host of social‐political actions to dismantle anti‐Black systems of oppression, including within academia. She highlights that the scholarship on Black youth development has driven innovations in theory and methodology that have influenced the field of developmental science broadly and recommends future research areas for consideration.
Effects of COVID‐19 pandemic restrictions on an Australian neonatal and paediatric retrieval service
Authors: Keir Amy , Dutschke Jeffrey , Hennebry Bron , Kerin Kate , Craven John
Published: February 2022

Aim

The COVID‐19 pandemic and associated travel and social distancing restrictions have reduced paediatric intensive care unit admissions for respiratory illnesses. The effects on retrieval (transport) services remain unquantified. Our study examined the utility of statistical process control in assessing the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the number of neonatal and paediatric transfers in an Australian retrieval service.

Methods

Data collected prospectively from the SA Ambulance Service MedSTAR Emergency Retrieval database in South Australia were analysed from January 2015 to June 2021. Statistical process control methodology, a combination of a time series analysis and assessment for common and special cause variation, was used to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on retrieval workload (primary outcome of interest).

Results

A total of 5659 neonatal and paediatric transfers occurred during the study period and were included. A significant decrease in paediatric transfers occurred after the initial lockdown measures in March 2020 were announced in South Australia (special cause variation). However, a similar reduction was not observed for neonatal transfers (common cause variation).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that statistical process control may be effectively used to understand the effects of external events and processes on usual activity patterns in the retrieval setting. We found a reduction in retrieval numbers for paediatric transfers but no effect on neonatal transfer numbers. The decline in paediatric transfers was primarily attributed to reduced respiratory cases.
A Myriad of Exceptions? Challenging the Sonata‐Form Typology for the Classical Repertoire
Authors: NEUWIRTH MARKUS
Published: February 2022

Present‐day sonata theory scholarship increasingly draws on a typology of sonata forms that consists of five interrelated types, placing particular emphasis on the double return and thematic rotation. The present article aims at scrutinising a variety of formal phenomena in the Classical repertoire that potentially challenge, in one way or another, the established sonata‐form typology and its analytic application. This includes the early double return, strong off‐tonic cadences within the recapitulatory action space, false recapitulations as well as false‐false recapitulations, recapitulations launched with P‐based S and off‐tonic recapitulations. The article concludes with a reflection on the epistemological status of the sonata typology and discusses the notion of a modularly conceivedFormenlehre.
Histone deacetylase AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination via repression of vesicle‐associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714) in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tang Wen‐si , Zhong Li , Ding Qing‐qian , Dou Yi‐ning , Li Wei‐wei , Xu Zhao‐shi , Zhou Yong‐bin , Chen Jun , Chen Ming , Ma You‐zhi
Published: February 2022

Salt tolerance during seed germination is essential for seedling establishment under salt stress. Sirtuin‐like proteins, NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases, are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. We elucidated the mechanism underlying AtSRT2 (a sirtuin‐like protein)‐mediated regulation of salt tolerance during seed germination in Arabidopsis.

The AtSRT2 mutant srt2 exhibited significantly reduced seed germination percentages under salt stress; its targets were identified via chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra‐high‐throughput parallel DNA sequencing (ChIP‐Seq) assay. Epistasis analysis was performed to identify AtSRT2‐related pathways.

Overexpression of SRT2.7, an AtSRT2 splice variant, rescued the salt‐sensitive phenotype of mutant srt2. AtSRT2 histone deacetylation activity was important for salt tolerance during seed germination. The acetylation level of histone H4K8 locus in srt2‐1 increased significantly under salt treatment. Vesicle‐associated membrane protein 714 (VAMP714), a negative regulator of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐containing vesicle trafficking in cells, was identified as a target of AtSRT2. AtSRT2 regulated histone acetylation in the promoter region of VAMP714 and inhibited VAMP714 transcription under salt treatment. Seed germination percentage of double‐mutant srt2‐1vamp714 was close to that of single‐mutant vamp714, and higher than that of single‐mutant srt2 under salt stress. Hydrogen peroxide content and DNA damage increased after salt treatment in srt2 during seed germination.

AtSRT2 regulates salt tolerance during seed germination through VAMP714 in Arabidopsis.
Identification of key biomarkers related to epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and immune infiltration in ameloblastoma using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Peng Ye , Dang Jingyi , Liu Xincheng , Zhu Dongze , Zhang Yushen , Shi Yubo , Fan Hongbin
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ameloblastoma (AM) through integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

We downloaded two microarrays of AMs from the GEO database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by integrated bioinformatics analysis. The enrichment analysis of DEGs was conducted to characterize GO and KEGG pathways. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network and hub genes were screened via STRING and Cytoscape. CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to analyze immune infiltration in AMs. We also verified the diagnostic and therapeutic value of hub genes.

Results

Overall, 776 DEGs were identified in AMs through bioinformatics analysis. The function enrichment analysis shed light on pathways involved in AMs. Subsequently, we screened six hub genes via PPI network. Furthermore, we evaluated immune infiltration in AMs and found that macrophages may be participating in the progression of AMs. The upregulated expression of FN1 was related to the macrophages M2 polarization. Finally, ROC analysis indicated that six hub genes had high diagnostic value for AMs and 11 drugs interacted with upregulated hub genes were identified by screening the DGIdb database.

Conclusion

This study revealed the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and biological behavior of AMs and provided candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AMs.
Leptin receptor and prolactin in pubertal disorders and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Villasís‐Keever Miguel A , Zurita‐Cruz Jessie N , Serret‐Montoya Juana , Zepeda‐Martinez Claudia del Carmen , Alegria‐Torres Gabriela , Barradas‐Vazquez Aly S , Hernández‐Hernández Beatriz C , Alonso‐Flores Sara R , Manuel‐Apolinar Leticia , Damasio‐Santana Leticia
Published: February 2022

Background

Knowledge of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with pubertal disorders (PD) in adolescent boys is limited as few studies have explored this disorder. This study aimed to identify the usefulness of assessing hormonal parameters in male adolescents with CKD and their correlation with PD in a 12‐month follow‐up period.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted among male adolescents with CKD (stages IV and V). Data regarding the age at puberty onset were collected from the patients’ clinical records and through interview. The patients were followed up for 12 months during their pubertal development. At the beginning, routine hormonal profile tests were performed to examine the patients’ thyroid profile, prolactin levels, luteinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, testosterone, leptin, and receptor leptin. The hormonal profiles of patients with and without PD were compared. Comparisons between the groups were performed using the Student t‐test and Fisher's exact tests. Logistic regression analysis was also performed.

Results

Data of 64 patients (26/64 with PD) were analyzed. The median age was 15 years and the median time for CKD evolution was 11 months. No differences between groups were noted in the general or biochemical characteristics of the patients. The hormonal parameters, prolactin levels were higher and the free leptin and free thyroxine levels were lower in patients with PD. Leptin receptor levels of >0.90 ng/mL (risk ratio [RR], 8.6; P = 0.004) and hyperprolactinemia (RR, 21.3; P = 0.049) were the risk factors for PD.

Conclusions

Leptin receptor levels of >0.90 ng/mL and hyperprolactinemia are associated with the development of PD in male adolescents with CKD.
Non‐parametric stress field estimation for history‐dependent materials: Application to ductile material exhibiting Piobert–Lüders localization bands
Authors: Langlois Raphaël , Coret Michel , Réthoré Julien
Published: February 2022

Estimating stress in statically undetermined tests remains an issue in experimental mechanics. Most estimation methods rely on the a priori choice of a behaviour equation leading to an unavoidable model bias. Recently, efforts have been made to propose methods circumventing the parametric description of constitutive behaviours. In particular, Leygue et al. (2018) proposed a new paradigm called data‐driven identification (DDI). An extension of Leygue's method to history‐dependent materials is proposed in this paper. The formulation of the problem and its resolution are presented with emphasis on boundary conditions. The method is tested on real experimental data where the elasto‐plastic material is subjected to the formation of Piobert–Lüders bands. We finally show that the DDI allows to obtain balanced fields that are closer (more consistent) to the field measurements than the fields obtained by parametric identification strategies, even more in the presence of strain localization bands whose kinematics are usually not described by a standard constitutive model.
The Right Argument from Moral Disagreement
Authors: Goldman Alan H.
Published: February 2022

The anti‐realist's argument from moral disagreement has prematurely fallen out of favor. The argument has never been stated explicitly in correct form, and its proponents have not appealed to the best examples to support its premises. Realists have responded with a multitude of possible replies without applying them to the most convincing examples of irresolvable disagreements. The argument is a modus ponens from apparent fundamental disagreements to a disjunction of possible explanations, and then a disjunctive argument eliminating all but one alternative. The most convincing example from the point of view of the anti‐realist is the disagreement between the collectivist and the individual rights advocate, which occurs on both the levels of principle and individual judgment. Realist explanations for such disagreements include ignorance of nonmoral facts, application of principles in diverse contexts, bias, faulty reasoning, incommensurability or ties, lack of empathy or imagination, inaccessibility of moral facts, or different meanings for moral terms. I argue that none of these realist explanations for the disagreement between the collectivist and the individualist works, leaving only the anti‐realist explanation. Other realist moves, for example analogies with other areas of discourse, including disagreement among meta‐ethicists, are also shown to fail.
Increase in infected corneal ulcerations in dogs during the northern Colorado’s 2020 wildfire season
Authors: Jones Katrina E.V. , de Linde Henriksen Michala , Saxmose Nielsen Søren , Daniels Joshua B. , Lappin Michael R.
Published: February 2022

Objective

In the fall of 2020, Colorado experienced the two largest wildfires in state history. The smoke blanketed the college town of Fort Collins, Colorado, the location of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Colorado State University (CSU‐VTH). The objective for this cross‐sectional observational study was to evaluate how these wildfires and the corresponding elevated air quality index (AQI)) was associated with infected corneal ulcerations in dogs when compared to the two previous years.

Animals

Seventeen dogs were included in this study.

Procedures

Medical records from dogs presented to the CSU‐VTH ophthalmology service with infected corneal ulcerations in August, September, and October of 2020, 2019, and 2018 were evaluated. Only corneal ulcerations with growth on their microbial cultures were included in this study.

Results

The study revealed a significant increase in prevalence of infected corneal ulcerations in dogs presented to the CSU‐VTH during the three wildfire months of 2020 that is, 3.5% (9/255) when compared with the two previous years, 2019: 1.0% (4/383, p = 0.04), and 2018: 0.9% (4/457) (p = .01). The AQI (mean ± standard error) was also significantly elevated for dogs that presented with infected corneal ulcerations in 2020 (70.2 ± 5.8) compared with 2019 (19.7 ± 8.7) and 2018 (45.6 ± 8.7) (p < .01).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Elevation of AQI from wildfires seems to be correlated with an increased prevalence of infected corneal ulceration in dogs. As the duration and frequency of wildfires continues to rise globally, the effects of these wildfires on animal health should be investigated further.
A Single Photo for Calibration and Measurement: A Low-Cost Spectrometry Setup
Authors: Pfaender J. , Gratton L.M. , Rosi T. , Onorato P. , Malgieri M.
Published: February 2022

In the last decades spectroscopy began to play an essential role in physics education research with the recognition that atomic spectra constitute a good occasion to study the concepts of quantum mechanics. Moreover, activities in which atomic spectra are studied in order to understand star structure and evolution have proved particularly engaging for students. In this sense, the hydrogen atom spectrum is especially important in astronomy. Other researchers showed how interdisciplinary experimental activities involving interferometry and applied optics offer a good occasion to teach fundamental concepts of radiation-matter interaction.
Looking Up: Observational Astronomy for Everyone
Authors: Farney Michael Noble
Published: February 2022

Physics teachers are sometimes asked to teach an astronomy course for non-majors. One can’t make that class dance and sing without the starry night, but on a brightly lit campus viewing deep sky objects may seem impossible. Hence instructors often opt for planetarium shows. However: 1) Planetariums aren’t the real thing. 2) People living in large swaths of the United States cannot access one. Nevertheless, thanks to binoculars and small wide-field telescopes, those who teach the heavens can provide both show and substance under light-polluted skies. This article presents a dozen “pitfalls” to avoid.
Providing Context for Identifying Effective Introductory Mechanics Courses
Authors: Nissen Jayson M. , Many Horses Ian Her , Dusen Ben Van , Jariwala Manher , Close Eleanor
Published: February 2022

Research-based assessments (RBAs) measure how well a course achieves discipline-specific outcomes. Educators can use outcomes from RBAs to guide instructional choices and to request resources to implement and sustain instructional transformations. One challenge for using RBAs, however, is a lack of comparative data, particularly given the skew in the research literature toward calculus-based courses at highly selective institutions. In this article, we provide a large-scale dataset and several tools educators in introductory physics courses can use to inform how well their courses foster student conceptual understanding of Newtonian physics. The supplemental materials include this dataset and these tools. Educators and administrators will often target courses with high drop, withdrawal, and failure rates for transformations to student-centered instructional strategies. RBAs and the comparative tools presented herein allow educators to address critiques that the course transformations made the courses “easier” by showing that the transformed course supported physics learning compared to similar courses at other institutions. Educators can also use the tools to track course efficacy over time.
Using “Limits to Growth” Modeling Software in an Environmental Physical Science Lab
Authors: Busch Hauke
Published: February 2022

Although teaching of environmental physics and energy-related topics has increased in the last several years, only a small portion of that has been for non-science majors. Environmental physical science can be used to teach physics to non-science majors by applying learned physics concepts to current issues of interest such as climate change, population growth, sustainability, and renewable energy. The combination of the subject of the environment and a more student-centered learning environment improves the learning experience of the student. It increases the understanding non-science students have for physics. Teaching a physical science class with emphasis on the environment requires labs that engage the students. This lab, in particular, is intended as a final lab in the semester, which shows the students that all the environmental topics are intertwined and influence each other. It ties population growth, climate change, and resource use to show the effects they have on the economy, pollution, ecological footprint, and the welfare of humanity as a whole.
Exploring Historical Scientific Instruments by Using Mobile Media Devices
Authors: Gallitto Aurelio Agliolo , Battaglia Onofrio Rosario , Cavallaro Giuseppe , Lazzara Giuseppe , Lisuzzo Lorenzo , Fazio Claudio
Published: February 2022

We describe an educational activity that can be completed with mobile media devices in order to understand the working principle of a pair of tuning forks, from the Historical Collection of Physics Instruments of the University of Palermo, and how they were used to explain acoustic interference and beats with the Lissajous optical method. This approach can be used with any tuning fork and it is a valuable teaching strategy that does not require specific laboratory equipment.
Infusing Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Throughout Our Physics Curriculum: (Re)defining What It Means to Be a Physicist
Authors: Baylor Martha-Elizabeth , Hoehn Jessica R. , Finkelstein Noah
Published: February 2022

Increasingly, the physics community is attending to issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI), both in language and action. We are more publicly recognizing our individual responsibilities as physicists to address social injustice and systemic oppression. To this end, our physics classrooms are key levers for action. While we have made great strides in teaching traditional content and habits of mind useful in physics, if we expand our educational practices to more completely reflect the full range of what it means to be a physicist, we can make our classrooms more inclusive and equitable and support the needed diversification of our field. Ultimately how, and by whom, physics is enacted are part of the discipline itself and ought to be included in our teaching about the professional practices of physicists. We present two complementary approaches for broadening the focus of our classes, share models for enacting these in middle-division physics courses at two distinct institutional types, and provide evidence of positive impacts on students’ sense of identity and notions of what it means to be a physicist.
Share It, Don’t Split It: Can Equitable Group Work Improve Student Outcomes?
Authors: Doucette Danny , Singh Chandralekha
Published: February 2022

Imagine two groups of students in your physics class or lab. In Group A, the students each take on a different task but invest an equal amount of time, energy, and effort in what they do. For example, one student might be the note-taker, while another operates the calculator, computer, or experimental apparatus, and a third keeps everyone on track and makes sure the group is completing assignments correctly. In Group B, on the other hand, the students divide up the work equitably, making sure that each group member participates in every aspect of the various types of work that need to be done. In this case, each student takes a turn operating the apparatus, records their own data, and does some of the analysis. Survey results that we analyzed show that students prefer to work in Group A, but that their physics interest and self-efficacy are boosted most by Group B-style work.
Would Usain Bolt Beat the Dinosaur Dilophosaurus Wetherilli in a 100-Meter Race?
Authors: Lee Scott A.
Published: February 2022

Most physics courses begin with one-dimensional kinematics, which is usually restricted to the case of constant acceleration. Here we report a unique exercise for an introductory algebra-based physics course involving the running and non-constant acceleration of the theropod dinosaur Dilophosaurus wetherilli and the world-famous Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt. Given the interest that most students have about dinosaurs (as well as Usain Bolt), students are excited to examine a hypothetical 100-meter race between Dilophosaurus and Usain Bolt. Since these students have not yet taken calculus, and as part of our effort to build computational skills in our students, numerical methods are used via a spreadsheet to calculate displacements and accelerations numerically from velocity data. This work includes a discussion of uncertainties.
Speaker discrimination performance for “easy” versus “hard” voices in style-matched and -mismatched speech
Authors: Afshan Amber , Kreiman Jody , Alwan Abeer
Published: February 2022

This study compares human speaker discrimination performance for read speech versus casual conversations and explores differences between unfamiliar voices that are “easy” versus “hard” to “tell together” versus “tell apart.” Thirty listeners were asked whether pairs of short style-matched or -mismatched, text-independent utterances represented the same or different speakers. Listeners performed better when stimuli were style-matched, particularly in read speech−read speech trials (equal error rate, EER, of 6.96% versus 15.12% in conversation–conversation trials). In contrast, the EER was 20.68% for the style-mismatched condition. When styles were matched, listeners' confidence was higher when speakers were the same versus different; however, style variation caused decreases in listeners' confidence for the “same speaker” trials, suggesting a higher dependency of this task on within-speaker variability. The speakers who were “easy” or “hard” to “tell together” were not the same as those who were “easy” or “hard” to “tell apart.” Analysis of speaker acoustic spaces suggested that the difference observed in human approaches to “same speaker” and “different speaker” tasks depends primarily on listeners' different perceptual strategies when dealing with within- versus between-speaker acoustic variability.
Broadband acoustic lens design by reciprocity and optimization
Authors: Amirkulova Feruza A. , Gerges Samer , Norris Andrew N.
Published: February 2022

A broadband acoustic lens is designed based on the principle of reciprocity and gradient-based optimization. Acoustic reciprocity is used to define the pressure at the focal point due to a source located in a far-field and to relate the response by a configuration of scatterers for an incident plane wave. The pressure at the focal point is maximized by rearranging the scatterers and supplying the gradients of absolute pressure at the focal point with respect to scatterer positions. Numerical examples are given for clusters of cylindrical voids and sets of elastic thin shells in water.
Reduced Chlorhexidine Susceptibility Is Associated with Tetracycline Resistance
tet
Genes in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli
Authors: Royer Guilhem , Ortiz de la Rosa Jose-Manuel , Vuillemin Xavier , Lacombe Béatrice , Chau Françoise , Clermont Olivier , Mercier-Darty Mélanie , Decousser Jean-Winoc , Ricard Jean-Damien , Nordmann Patrice , Denamur Erick , Poirel Laurent
Published: February 2022

Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic in hospital and community health care. Decreased susceptibility to this compound has been recently described in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, together with cross-resistance to colistin.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Comparators against Pathogens Harboring OXA-48 and AmpC Alone or in Combination with Other β-Lactamases Collected from Phase 3 Clinical Trials and an International Surveillance Program
Authors: Lin Lynn-Yao , Debabov Dmitri , Chang William , Stone Gregory , Riccobene Todd
Published: February 2022

In vitro
activities of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) and key comparators against AmpC-overproducing
Enterobacterales
and
P. aeruginosa
isolates from four Phase 3 clinical trials and against OXA-48-producing
Enterobacterales
with multiple resistance mechanisms from the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) program, were evaluated. Susceptibility to CAZ-AVI and comparators was determined by reference broth microdilution methods.
Incomplete Hydrogenation by Geranylgeranyl Reductase from a Proteobacterial Phototroph Halorhodospira halochloris, Resulting in the Production of Bacteriochlorophyll with a Tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl Tail
Authors: Tsukatani Yusuke , Harada Jiro , Kurosawa Kanako , Tanaka Keiko , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: February 2022

Geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) catalyzes the hydrogenation of carbon–carbon double bonds of unsaturated hydrocarbons of isoprenoid compounds, including α-tocopherols, phylloquinone, archaeal cell membranes, and (bacterio)chlorophyll pigments in various organisms. GGRs in photosynthetic organisms, including anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and plants perform successive triple hydrogenation to produce chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls with a phytyl chain.
The Need for Modernization of Biosecurity in the Post-COVID World
Authors: DiEuliis Diane , Giordano James
Published: February 2022

At present, there are two hypotheses about the emergence of SARS-CoV-2; the first is that it was due to a naturally occurring zoonotic jump, and the second contends that it spread due to an accidental dispersion of a laboratory-acquired infection in Wuhan, China. While the pandemic’s actual origins remain occluded, it is useful to examine the latter possibility as a paradigm for evaluating biosecurity policy in the post-COVID world.
Detection of Circulating HPV16 DNA as a Biomarker for Cervical Cancer by a Bead-Based HPV Genotyping Assay
Authors: Galati Luisa , Combes Jean-Damien , Le Calvez-Kelm Florence , McKay-Chopin Sandrine , Forey Nathalie , Ratel Mathis , McKay James , Waterboer Tim , Schroeder Lea , Clifford Gary , Tommasino Massimo , Gheit Tarik
Published: February 2022

The validity of HPV ctDNA as a marker of HPV-driven cancers has been previously reported. Herein we validated an alternative to ddPCR for HPV16 ctDNA detection, using a bead-based HPV genotyping assay that offers the potential advantage of reducing the cost of clinical management due to the multiplex capability of the test, thus facilitating its use in clinical settings.