bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formando Cidadãos para a Cidadania e Controle Social: Levantamentos de uma Experiência
Authors: Correa Vuolo Cassyra Lucia , Maciel Cristiano , Corrêa e Barros Auerswald Anayna Aparecida , Abutakka dos Anjos Rosana , Martins dos Anjos Alexandre , Silva de Oliveira Claudete , Pedrotti Mansilla Débora
Published: January 2022

Um dos caminhos para estímulo ao engajamento e a participação na vida pública é o uso de educação a distância para aproximação do debate entre governo e cidadãos. Todavia, como as estratégias utilizadas, pelo TCE-MT e UFMT, no curso de formação de cidadãos para o exercício da cidadania e do controle social, elevam o número de capacitados e melhoram a efetividade do curso? Para responder tal questão, esta pesquisa analisa dados dos últimos sete anos do curso de extensão "Cidadania e controle social", oferecido como produto de uma parceria entre diferentes instituições governamentais, como ação do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Mato Grosso – TCE-MT. Os dados mostram não apenas o interesse dos cidadãos, mas também a capilaridade dessa estratégia, que atinge pessoas de diferentes estados, grupos sociais e áreas. Assim, o governo e a sociedade são beneficiados, à medida que os cidadãos se tornam mais bem informados e engajados na vida pública.
Retrieving Aristotle’s Phronesis
Authors: Cavanagh Gerald F. , Williams Oliver F. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2022

Most executives recognize that the long-term financial health, prosperity and survival of their firm depend upon leaders who have good moral character. The article argues that a retrieval of Aristotle’s work on character and virtue can bring new clarity on how to identify and select leaders of our business institutions. The study presents a discussion of Aristotle’s phronesis or practical wisdom and how this focus might aid and abet the selection of appropriate leaders. The original contribution offered here centers on how virtue only makes sense for Aristotle in the context of a teleological worldview whereby human beings are seeking what is intrinsically worthwhile—purpose, meaning, health, and community life. For Aristotle, virtues are much more than what makes a person attractive to the job market. Catholic social teaching reflects this Aristotelian perspective on the role of business in society. The article concludes showing how Aristotle’s insight on phronesis offers a way to enhance standard processes employed in the selection of business leaders.
An Ethical Revision of the Status Quo
Authors: Beets S. Douglas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2022

As currently designed, the business corporation is primarily designed for one simple purpose: the enrichment of stockholders. Considering the immense size and wealth of many modern corporations, however, this prioritized focus has deleterious ethical consequences, including a burgeoning wealth gap between those who own or manage the corporation and employees. Several individuals and organizations are calling for a redesign of the business corporation to benefit those affected by business organizations, such as employees and communities. One such design, developed in the village of Mondragon in the Basque region of Spain, is employee-owned with extensive profit sharing, employee training, limits on executive compensation, and financial support for the surrounding community. To examine the differences between the status quo corporation and a modified Mondragon model, an analysis was performed of the financial, employee compensation, and stock information of a sample of corporations of the Fortune 500 under both systems. While aggregate financial position and profitability did not differ significantly between the two models for the tested corporations and time period, the employee compensation, financial commitment to training and education, community financial support, and ethics of the two models have profound differences.
Numerical analysis of wagon leaf spring using Ansys 14.5
Authors: Krstić Mladen , Milenković Branislav , Jovanović Đorđe
Published: January 2022

Leaf springs are widely used for the suspension system in trains and commercial vehicles to absorb vibrations and shocks. This paper deals with the methodology of analysis of the leaf springs of the freight railway wagons by using software package Ansys 14.5. The methodology is applied in a concrete example of leaf spring for axle load of 225 kN. The procedure of forming the CAD model of the leaf spring using AutoCad and Autodesk Inventor is exposed, as well as the development of numerical model in Ansys software package. The results of the static analysis of given leaf spring are presented and commented.
Economic and ecological aspects of the use of new cryogenic aviation fuels
Authors: Kraev Vyacheslav , Tikhonov Alexey , Kuzmina-Merlino Irina
Published: January 2022

Until recently, the high rates of aircraft engine engineering's development were ensured by the technological solutions improvement and the desire to approximate as much as possible the ideal thermodynamic cycle of turbojet engines. The traditional fuel for turbojet engines is an aviation kerosene - Jet-A fuel group and their regional analogies. The traditional way of aircraft engines efficiency increasing is a raising of a temperature in front of the high-pressure turbine. New alloys and technologies allow to increase the aircraft engines efficiency to a certain level. Raising the temperature in the combustion chamber by 50 degrees increases the efficiency, which leads to a 5% reduction in fuel consumption. However, this approach is technology limited and does not provide innovative solutions. The aircraft engine engineering's development tempo in the 21st century continues to accelerate. The main driver of such processes in recent years is the tightening of economic and environmental requirements. Many aircraft manufacturers are actively looking for ways to reach a new qualitative level in terms of turbojet engines economic efficiency and meeting strict environmental requirements. The paper considers the feasibility of using new cryogenic fuels in aircraft turbojet engines, and possible ways for aircraft industry successful development.
Application of probability-based multi-objective optimization in material engineering
Authors: Zheng Maosheng
Published: January 2022

Introduction/purpose: Althought many methods have been proposed to deal with the problem of material selection, there are inherent defects of additive algorithms and subjective factors in such algorithms. Recently, a probability-based multi-objective optimization was developed to solve the inherent shortcomings of the previous methods, which introduces a novel concept of preferable probability to reflect the preference degree of the candidate in the optimization. In this paper, the new method is utilized to conduct an optimal scheme of the switching material of the RF-MEMS shunt capacitive switch, the sintering parameters of natural hydroxyapatite and the optimal design of the connecting claw jig. Methods: All performance utility indicators of candidate materials are divided into two groups, i.e., beneficial or unbeneficial types for the selection process; each performance utility indicator contributes quantitatively to a partial preferable probability and the product of all partial preferable probabilities makes the total preferable probability of a candidate, which transfers a multi-objective optimization problem into a single-objective optimization one and represents a uniquely decisive index in the competitive selection process. Results: Cu is the appropriate material in the material selection for RF - MEMS shunt capacitive switches; the optimal sintering parameters of natural hydroxyapatite are at 1100°C and 0 compaction pressure; and the optimal scheme is scheme No 1 for the optimal design of a connecting claw jig. Conclusion: The probability-based multi-objective optimization can be easily used to deal with an optimal problem objectively in material engineering.
Characteristic example of insulation coordination in power converters
Authors: Despotović Željko
Published: January 2022

Power electronics devices and modules that are most often used in power supply systems when compared to the passive components usually exhibit a very poor ability to withstand surge voltages. These surge voltages can be of different origins, and in most cases are transient surges. The recorded surge voltages even at low levels can lead to a damage of the mentioned power electronics devices or power converter components. Consequently, it is very important to implement a number of measures to increase the insulation level of the entire system. In this paper the two representative examples of insulation coordination are elaborated: i) an industrial AC drive and ii) photovoltaic inverter used in solar grid-connected power systems.
Solving the problem of exploitation of transformers with corrosive sulfur by oil desulfurization using a strong inorganic base and organic solvent
Authors: Kolarski Dejan , Janković Jelena , Mihajlović Draginja , Kovačević Neda , Lukić Jelena
Published: January 2022

Most power transformer failures are associated with the presence of corrosive sulfur compounds in mineral insulating oil, of which dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) is the best known and most widespread corrosive sulfur compound. The oil of failed transformers usually contained DBDS, a compound with a pronounced affinity for the formation of copper (I) sulfide (Cu2S). Copper (I) sulfide is a compound that does not dissolve in oil, conducts electricity, and can be deposited on the paper insulation or copper conductor of the transformer. Created conductive paths between the windings can initiate turn-to-turn breakdown and failure of the transformer. Several technological procedures have been developed as a solution to oil corrosivity. The application of desulfurization technology developed by the Electrical Engineering Institute "Nikola Tesla" enables the efficient removal of DBDS and aging products from mineral insulation oils.
Phase-averaged Tomographic PIV Measurements for a Surface Combatant in Pure Sway Maneuver
Authors: Yoon Hyunse , Stern Frederick
Published: January 2022

Forces and moment and phase-averaged Tomographic PIV (TPIV) local flow measurements are performed in a 3 m × 3 m × 100 m towing tank for a 3.048-m long geometrically similar model of surface combatant 5415 in pure sway maneuver. Test conditions are for maximum drift angle 𝛽max = 10° and Froude number Fr = 0.28. The TPIV enables fully volumetric flow measurements and the use of 𝑄-criteria enables vortex volume visualization and core analysis. The objective of the experiment is to extend the knowledge for the static condition vortex separation onset and progression to unsteady dynamic conditions, including integrated CFD. Test conditions meet the IITC criteria for sway frequency and restricted water restrictions. Both the present and previous uncertainty assessment (UA) for forces and moment show acceptable values. The uncertainty estimates for TPIV is done by using a practical approach and the results are comparable with the earlier UA using a conventional approach. Integrated CFD simulations are used to identify flow vortices. The comparison with the previous TPIV results for static maneuver conditions show improvements for the present TPIV using a more advanced algorithm. The pure sway measurements at phases corresponding to straight-ahead and 𝛽max = 10° show similarities and differences with the static maneuver measurements, whereas at intermediate phases substantial vortex interactions and unsteady separation onset and progression is shown. The vortex core analysis shows similarities and differences in the core strength and trajectory with the static drift and dynamic pure yaw maneuvers. The present experiment is ongoing and the initial measurement results and analysis are discussed herein.
Wave Basin Tests of a Novel Offshore Macroalgae Farming System
Authors: Goudey Clifford A.
Published: January 2022

Macroalgae cultivation in the ocean stands as a promising source of feedstock for biofuels and chemicals. It is particularly attractive because of the efficiency of these marine plants in converting sunlight into biomass and because this type of farming can be done without the risk of displacing land and freshwater from their essential role in feeding the human population. However, there are challenges to achieving this potential due to the limitations of present farming methods. In order to compete economically with land-based biomass production, the bioeconomics of seaweed farming must improve and the areas where it can be practiced must be expanded. Present methods of growing seaweeds are confined to narrow strips along the coasts that are both protected and sufficiently shallow. In order to meaningfully exploit the US Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), engineered systems must be developed for high-energy locations in deep water and at an unprecedented scale. This paper will present an innovative design for the farming seaweed in the open ocean and will describe a series of tests conducted at Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research & Renewable Energy Test Facility - in Leonardo, NJ. The facility was used for these tests because the capabilities matched well testing needs and because the facility uses seawater. Actual fronds of kelp were needed for testing in order to correlate their hydrodynamic characteristics with the scaled materials in 1/20th-scale testing of the structure that was the prime focus of the tests. The results on the resistance testing of single and multiple fronds of kelp will be reported as well as those for the model materials. The results of the tests on various structural models both in currents and in currents and waves will be presented. These tests allowed the measurement of system drag and loads internal to the structure. Accelerations were also measured to determine motions and to predict inertial loading. These tests have allowed us to more confidently design prototype systems that have the potential to revolutionize the domestic seaweed-farming sector.
Required Data Collection Times for Steady and Quasi-steady Experiments
Authors: Roddy Robert F. , Hess David E.
Published: January 2022

One of the requirements in performing steady or quasi-steady experiments is the determination of adequate collection times so that the data will not be biased due to low frequency energy in the data stream. Since virtually all steady experiments run at DTMB have low pass filters in line with the signal conditioning, high frequency noise is not a consideration in determining the required collection times. At both EMB and DTMB almost all of the surface ship drag measurements were made using gravity type balances until about 1970. These balances used both springs and dampers to modify the natural frequency of the system so that a good average model drag could be determined in a 5-6 sec collection period. Submarine model experiments began using block gages to measure drag beginning in the late 1950's. For these experiments crude methods were used to damp the output data but, to the author’s knowledge, no methods were ever put into place that was analogous to the springs and damper system. A method for determining the required collection times for any steady or quasi-steady experiment is presented along with sample cases showing the necessity for, and the utility of, using such a method.
Improving the Conceptual Design Process for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Laun Alexander
Published: January 2022

With a renewed global focus on anti-submarine warfare (ASW), the United States Navy will increasingly rely on unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) technology to serve as a cost-effective force multiplier. Modern UUV development necessitates a uniquely constrained, iterative approach to the traditional submarine design spiral. Considering a broad spectrum of customer-generated requirements, the UUV conceptual design process applies the best practices of naval architecture, marine engineering, ocean engineering, systems engineering, and submersible design. This paper provides an assessment of the traditional approach to the UUV design and development process. Specifically, this paper analyzes the design philosophy for modern UUVs, provides a design framework for the UUV conceptual design process, and details specific recommendations to encourage innovation in the subsea realm.
Multiple Ship Motion Simulation Code Correlation with Model Test Results
Authors: Coller James A. , Silver Andrew , Nwogu Okey , Connell Benjamin S.H.
Published: January 2022

The US Nav has developed a real-time multi-ship ship motion forecasting system which combines forecast wave conditions with ship motion simulations to produce a prediction of the relative motions between two ships operating in a skin-to-skin configuration. The system utilizes two different simulation methods for predicting ship motions: MotionSim and Reduced Order Model (ROM) based on AEGIR. MotionSim is a fast three-dimensional panel method that is used to estimate the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs) necessary for multi-ship motion predictions. The ROM works to maximize the accuracy of high fidelity ship motion prediction methods while maintaining the computational speed required for real-time forecasting. A model scale experiment was performed in 2015 on two Navy ships conventionally moored together. The predicted relative ship motions from MotionSim and ROM were compared to the model data using three different metrics: RMS (root mean square) ratio, correlation coefficient, and average angle measurement (AAM).This paper provides an overview of the two methods for predicting the multi-ship motions, a description of the model test, challenges faced during testing, and a discussion on the methodology of the evaluation and the results of each code correlation.
An Experimental Study in the Hydroelastic Response of an Aluminum Wedge in Drop Tests
Authors: Eastridge Jonathan R. , Taravella Brandon M.
Published: January 2022

Slamming of high speed marine planing craft is an important part of their operating conditions. High hydrodynamic forces are inevitably induced causing the shell plating to deflect, which in turn can influence the flow physics surrounding the hull. In order to study the hull’s hydroelastic behavior due to a slamming event, the researchers performed wedge drop experiments with an aluminum wedge of 57 inches in length, 47 inches in breadth, and 20∘ deadrise with 1/4 inch thick unstiffened bottom panels. The elastic response of the bottom plating was measured via two methods. The first method uses a series of evenly-space, colinear strain gages, and the second method is a stereoscopic digital image correlation (S-DIC) technique. In this investigation, an S-DIC code has been developed and utilized to study the deflections and to advance the capabilities of future research. Drops have been made for four impact velocities: 4.8 ft/s, 6.8 ft/s, 8.4 ft/s, and 9.7 ft/s. Comparisons are made between the two methods at an impact velocity of 9.7 ft/s – only strain gages were used for the lesser impact velocities. The overall deflections of the deadrise panel are approximately 1/10 inch at an impact velocity of 9.7 ft/s. The predictions made using S-DIC and strain gages differ by approximately 23%.
Effect of Hydrodynamic Memory on Ship Capsizing in Irregular Beam Wind and Waves
Authors: Yoshizumi Hiroki , Tsuji Takashi , Umeda Naoya , Maki Atsuo
Published: January 2022

For examining a numerical simulation model for the IMO (International Maritime Organization) second generation intact stability criteria for dead ship condition, capsizing probability of a ship in random beam wind and waves was estimated by the model experiments and is compared with that estimated with numerical simulation using a coupled roll model (sway-heave-roll-pitch) to be used for new stability criterion development for dead ship stability. By using the memory effect function to calculate radiation force, the simulation model is well validated in capsizing probability with the existing model experiment of a ship suffering harmonic resonance. However, the simulation model fails to estimate the case of a large passenger ship which suffers parametric resonance in beam seas.
Wavelet Transform as a Filtering Technique to Ship Motion Time Series
Authors: Candella Mariana
Published: January 2022

Noise is a problem inherent to any measurement and may jeopardize the achievement of test objectives. In the design of a ship hull, noise in the processed data can lead to under or over estimation of certain parameters, such as acceleration. This can create economic loss and risk to human lives. For vertical acceleration measurements, the application of low-pass filters is not recommended due to the high frequency nature of relevant events. The present work proposes the application of wavelet transforms as a filtering technique for vertical acceleration time series. An influence investigation of wavelet parameters is performed along with a parameter determination test using measured data from high-speed hull towing tank tests conducted at Davidson Laboratory. Commercially available software is used for the data processing and determination of design parameters, such as third-highest and tenth-highest acceleration.
Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Drag Reduction Concepts for High-Speed Amphibious Vehicles
Authors: Temple Dylan W. , Snyder Lawrence A. , Becnel Alan J. , Kim Sung-Eun , Aram Shawn
Published: January 2022

The Marine Corps has a desire for a high-speed amphibious vehicle for ship-to-shore operations. The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) was developed to meet this need but the program was cancelled before fielding due to affordability issues. The EFV was a semiplaning amphibious vehicle with deployable appendages that achieved water speeds in excess of 27 knots in a seaway. A study team was stood up to tackle the affordability issue and identify technologies that could solve this problem. Hydrodynamic drag improvements through the use of longer deployed bows and the use of lifting bodies both fore and aft were identified as concepts that warranted further investigation since they increased the weight the vehicle could plane. This allows heavy and cheaper components to be used in vehicle subsystems and still achieve high water speed which is defined for this study as 22-25 knots. This paper examines the evaluation of these concepts using both Computational Fluid Dynamics and physical unpropelled model basin tests as a precursor to full-scale testing on an EFV for the most promising concepts. The results highlight the ability of scaled physical testing, used in tandem with numerical tools, to aid in the rapid development and analysis of conceptual designs in order to facilitate full-scale evaluation.
Instrumentation Methodology for a Log Containment Grid Model in Towing Tank Tests
Authors: Santos de Castro Felipe , Katsuno Eduardo Tadashi , Dozzi Dantas João Lucas
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to develop a methodology to instrument a truncated scale-model of log containment structure used in SAE hydropower plant, known as log boom, in the IPT’s Towing Tank, from strain gage and load cells data collected by experimental measurements. This paper covers the model CAD design, manufacturing, balancing, attachment of measuring devices, connection of acquisition system, assembly on the towing tank, carriage runs, and data collect. The tests consist in dragging the 1:10 scale model along the tank and are conducted to vary parameters as log boom sets, carriage speed, and curvature of log boom line. The results are expected to guide to a better understanding of the movement behavior and the magnitude of forces acting on the structure. This study is necessary to better understand the loads in the prototype, in which the river conditions are not controlled and uniform. The developed methodology is part of a R&D project request by SAE and developed by IPT.
ASME Codes and Standards V&V Committee – Development of Standards for Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Assessments in Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Freitas Christopher J.
Published: January 2022

Methods for Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification (V&V and UQ) have been the subjects of interest to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and the mechanical engineering community as a whole for over two decades. During this time period, ASME Codes and Standards V&V Committee has lead the development of Standards for performing verification, validation, and uncertainty assessments. This paper reviews the work that has gone into the specification of these standards and the continuing efforts of the V&V Committee to formulate methods and procedures for verification, validation, and quantifying numerical uncertainty.
An Optimization Study of TriSWACH Side-Hull Position for Minimum Resistance in Calm Water
Authors: Ai Yufei , Zhao Yulin , Datla Raju
Published: January 2022

TriSWACH is a promising novel hull form for its reduced resistance, larger deck area and good seakeeping performance. This paper aims to determine an optimal sidehull position for TriSWACH based on the minimum resistance in calm water. STAR-CCM+, a RANS-based commercial CFD tool and a potential flow code Michelet are compared in their calculations of resistance. Four different side-hull positions of the TriSWACH operated within Froude number from 0.1 to 0.5 with increment 0.05 are considered for the numerical simulations. The simulation results are further validated by the model tests performed in Stevens Institute of Technology Davidson Laboratory towing tank. The comparison shows that STAR-CCM+ RANS codes can predict TriSWACH’s hydrodynamic characteristics in calm water with high accuracy. Finally, TriSWACH's optimal side-hulls’ position was discussed based on calm water resistance within different Froude number ranges.
Research on China Cross-border E-commerce Development Strategy under the Background of Trade Facilitation
Authors: LIU Xiang , LU Shu
Published: January 2022

The main purpose of trade facilitation is to simplify trade processes, reduce trade costs, and improve policy transparency. Affected by the global financial crisis, global market demand is insufficient, and China's foreign trade growth is weak, while cross-border e-commerce is thriving, showing a gratifying growth trend. The qualitative and quantitative leap of cross-border e-commerce is inseparable from the macro-environmental support and influence of my country's social development. Chinese government departments should actively participate in relevant meetings and project negotiations of international organizations, establish friendly exchanges and cooperative relations with other countries, and achieve tax incentives and credit Negotiation and coordination mechanisms for system construction cooperation, data security, cybercrime, etc., to seek more convenient and efficient border management
A Brief analysis of compulsory license of drug patent under public Health Crisis
Authors: LI Changchen
Published: January 2022

In the face of the new crown epidemic, the implementation of the drug patent compulsory licensing system is one of the problems that needs to be solved urgently. At present, my country has established a relatively complete patent compulsory licensing system, but the system still presents a "zero implementation" status in my country. my country should learn from foreign experience, improve the system design of my country's pharmaceutical patent compulsory licensing by conditionally liberalizing the scope of application subjects, raising patent license fees and other measures; at the policy level, preferentially adopt negotiation methods to weaken the trade frictions caused by the implementation of patent compulsory licensing , To balance the incentive mechanism for pharmaceutical patent innovation, and actively promote the implementation of the pharmaceutical patent compulsory licensing system in my country.
Interpretation of WTO's Panel Report on United States — Tariff Measures on Certain Goods from China and Its Enlightenment to China
Authors:   Guangdong University of Education, School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, ZHANG Mei
Published: January 2022

The United States imposed a high tariff on importing goods from China which valued USD 34 billion and USD 200 billion respectively in 2018 and 2019. This measurement not only violated the most favored nation treatment principle, but also violated the tariff concession commitment which the US offered to China. With respect to the United States’ defence under Article XX(a) of the GATT 1994, the Panel adopted a holistic approach to determining whether the measures at issue were “necessary to protect public morals” and found that there were no relationship. The ruling has the following enlightenments: the enterprises should value the proof in WTO litigation and make use of the rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes. Finally, the enterprises should pay more emphasis on the market of One Belt One Road to expand more trade benefits and enjoy the double win.
Archival Interventions and Disentangling Legacy Records
Authors: Cook Sarah
Published: January 2022

Appraisal and disposition of government records at Library and Archives Canada (LAC) focuses primarily on acquiring the “right” records to best document a given function of the Government of Canada. Once records pass into LAC’s care, access is provided through an inconsistent approach of online descriptive records and on-site finding aids, often with minimal or incorrect contextualizing information that hinders their overall discoverability and use. Through a study of both the legacy photographic records in the National Film Board of Canada Fonds and the recontextualization project currently underway at LAC, the author examines the history of the record, from recordkeeping practices to the transfer to LAC, and some of the interventions by the archives to describe and shape these records over several generations of custodial care. All of these various actions have had a hidden impact on the use and understanding of both the individual records and the larger collection. This article provides a case study in how rearrangement based on research into creators, organizational recordkeeping systems, and archival custodial practices can draw out complex, multiple provenances and provide researchers with a fuller contextual history of the record.
Archival Readiness
Authors: Turner Alison
Published: January 2022

This article explores the challenges of engaging historically excluded communities with archives and archival discourse, focusing on people and communities experiencing homelessness. Positioning the phrase literal homelessness, which is used in the United States to determine eligibility for an annual census of people experiencing homelessness, as representative of ongoing exclusive and non-collaborative forms of recordkeeping, the author proposes a concept that she calls archival readiness to move toward archive making, rather than archive taking, with historically excluded communities. Using her experiences as a part-time staff member in a temporary emergency shelter that was established during the COVID-19 pandemic, she shows how archival readiness, based on ongoing relationships among archivists, researchers, community organizations, and individuals, would increase the likelihood that shelter guests would participate in archiving. Exploring how homelessness creates challenges for the development of inclusive institutional and community-archiving praxes, she argues that while archival readiness would not solve each of these challenges, it could enable historically excluded communities to participate in generating other approaches. The author enacts archival readiness by sharing three records from the shelter and her interpretations of them, introducing forms of information about shelter living that is not collected in official data that tracks “literal homelessness.”
Assessment of microbiota diversity in dental unit waterline contamination
Authors: Dang Yun , Zhang Qian , Wang Jing , Wang Qian , Han Meng , Niu Yuting , Li Hua , Li Xiue
Published: January 2022

Background

Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) provide water for handpieces, air/water syringes, and mouth-rinse water outlets. DUWL contamination can negatively affect the operating environment and public health. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the bacterial concentrations and microbial composition in the DUWLs from different dental specialties.

Methods

We collected 350 5-mL dental water samples (from high-speed handpieces, air/water syringes, and mouth-rinse water outlets) from 60 dental chair units (DCUs) at a dental hospital to determine the bacterial concentrations by culture methods. Meanwhile, to investigate the diversity and community structure of microbe in the DUWLs, 17 high-quality DNA from 60 250-mL air/water syringe water samples, which were collected from the same 60 DCUs, were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.

Results

The median bacterial concentration was 166 (31.5, 672.5) CFU/mL and the range was 0–3,816,000 CFU/mL. Only 42.6% of the water samples had bacterial concentrations below 100 CFU/mL. The Kruskal–Wallis H-test revealed that the water samples from three dental specialties had significantly different bacterial concentrations (H = 27.441, P < 0.01). High-throughput sequencing results showed significant differences in bacterial community structure between periodontics and the other two dental specialties. In the samples from three dental specialties, 508 OTUs were detected, with 160, 182 and 176 OTUs unique to the periodontics, endodontics and prosthodontics specialties, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) suggested that Hydrocarboniphaga, Zoogloea, Aquabacterium, and Hydrogenophaga were enriched in the periodontics specialty; Acinetobacter, Geothrix, and Desulfovibrio were enriched in the prosthodontics specialty; and Alistipes, Clostridium XIVa, and Serratia were enriched in the endodontics specialty. Seven potentially human-pathogenic genera (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Ochrobactrum, Rhizobium, Brevundimonas, and Methylobacterium) with relative abundance exceeding 1% were also detected in the DUWLs.

Conclusions

The bacterial concentrations and microbial composition were influenced by different dental specialties, so a validated disinfection protocol should be used to control DUWL contamination in different dental specialties.
Influence of environmental factors on the spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asdaq Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin , Rabbani Syed Imam , Alamri Abdulhakeem S. , Alsanie Wala F. , Alhomrani Majid , Al-Yamani Mohammad J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people worldwide. The infection is mostly spread through the inhalation of infected droplets. Saudi Arabia is a vast country having different climatic conditions.

Methods

The study evaluated the influence of environmental factors on the spread of COVID-19. Six zones (A to F) were classified depending on the climatic conditions. The study was conducted by retrospective analysis of COVID-19 records from the ministry of health between the months of September 2020 and August 2021. The environmental data such as average temperature (°C), humidity (%), wind speed (m/s) and sun exposure (kwh/m2) were retrieved from official sites. The data was analyzed to determine the effect of these factors on the spread of COVID-19. SPSS IBM 25 software was used to conduct the analysis and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate the significance of the results.

Results

According to the findings, the rate of infection was greater between April and July 2021. Six climatic zones experienced high temperatures, little humidity, consistent wind flow, and intense sun exposure throughout this time. The correlation study revealed a significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the environmental factors and the spread of COVID-19. The data suggested that during summer condition when the weather is hot, less humid, and steady wind flow with lots of sun exposure, the COVID-19 infection rate got augmented in Saudi Arabia. Poor ventilation and closed-door habitats in an air-conditioned atmosphere during this period could have played a role in human transmission. More research on air quality, population mobility and diseased condition is essential, so that precise proactive measures can be designed to limit the spread of infection in specific climatic seasons.
The Repeal Of The Law Banning The Arabic Azan In The Minutes Of The Grand National Assembly Of Turkey (TBMM)
Authors: ÇOBAN Ebru
Published: January 2022

Bu çalışma 18 Temmuz 1932 tarihinde getirilen Arapça Ezan Yasağı’nın 16 Haziran 1950 yılında kaldırılmasıyla birlikteki süreci içermektedir. Ezan yasağının getirilmesi esasında milliyetçiliğin din üzerindeki tezahürünün karşılığıdır.
Çünkü Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, kurulduğundan 1950 yılına kadar bir tarafta ulus-devlet inşasını tamamlamaya çalışırken diğer taraftan ise İslam’ın devlet kurumları üzerindeki etkisini azaltmaya yönelik uygulamaya yer vermiştir. Bu
nedenle Kemalist düşüncenin üzerinde durduğu önemli uygulamalardan biri de ezanın Arapça okutulmasına yönelik tepkisidir. Çünkü Kemalistlere göre her ulus kendi dinin de ibadet etmelidir. Bu anlayış Martin Luther’in başlattığı
İncil’in Almancaya çevrilmesi ve bireylerin kendi dininde ibadet etmesine yakın bir tavır sergilemektedir. Ezan, 18 Temmuz 1932 tarihinde fiilen yasaklanmadan önce Ocak 1932 tarihinde Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı tarafından müftülere
ezanın bundan sonra Türkçe okutulacağı bildirilmiştir. Bu karar neticesinde halk tarafından ciddi tepki gösterilmişse de 1933 yılından itibaren yasağa uymayanlar hakkında yasal işlem başlatılmıştır. 1933 yılından 1950 yılına kadar
ezan Türkçe okutulmuştur. “Tanrı uludur” diye başlayan ezanın Arapça okutulmasına duyulan özlem Demokrat Parti’nin siyasetinde kendisine yer bulmuştur. Ezanın yeniden Arapça okutulmasına yönelik kanun Meclise geldiğinde halk nezdinde
ciddi bir sevincin oluştuğunu ifade etmek gerekir. Özellikle Meclis görüşmelerinde yasanın kaldırılmasına yönelik Demokrat Parti milletvekillerinin hissiyatlarını görmek mümkündür. Ayrıca Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi milletvekilleri
de bu yasağın kaldırılmasına çok fazla tepki vermemiştir. Bu çalışmanın özelinde milletvekillerinin yasağın neden kaldırılması gerektiği üzerine vermiş oldukları beyanatlar da yer almaktadır.
A Systematic Review of Academic Researches in the Field of Communication Sciences During the COVID-19 Pandemic Process
Authors: GÖKLER Kübra , GÜLLÜPUNAR Hasan
Published: January 2022

Dünya çapında yaşanan COVID-19 pandemi dönemi hayatın her alanını farklı şekillerde etkilemiş, insanların yaşam koşullarını ve alışkanlıklarını şekillendirmiştir. Böylelikle kısa sürede toplumda birçok sosyal değişim meydana gelmiştir.
Bu nedenle COVID-19 pandemi döneminin getirdiği problemler ve değişimler farklı disiplinler ışığında araştırılmıştır. Pandemi süreci, markalar, devlet kurumları ve kişiler açısından iletişimin çok büyük bir öneme sahip olduğu bir
dönem olmuştur. Bir diğer yandan COVID-19 dönemi iletişimin sağlanması açısından önemli bir kriz dönemi olmuştur. Toplumun her kesiminde çeşitli iletişim aksaklıkları meydana gelmiş ve iletişimin sağlanması noktasında farklı faaliyetler
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu dönemde gerçekleşen olayların iletişim bağlamında araştırılması ise gereklilik olarak görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak COVID-19 dönemini iletişim bilimi bağlamında farklı perspektiflerden araştıran çalışmalar
yerli ve yabancı literatürde yer almıştır. Böylelikle Pandemi döneminin getirdiği problemler ve değişimlerin incelendiği disiplinler arasında iletişim bilimi de önemli bir çalışma alanı olmuştur. Çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemi süreci
boyunca iletişim bilimleri alanında yayımlanan Türkçe ve İngilizce makalelerin içeriklerini incelemek ve karşılaştırmasını yapmak amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma da sistematik araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları COVID-19
sürecinde iletişim bilimleri alanında yapılmış olan Türkçe ve İngilizce makalelerin konu başlıkları bakımından benzerlik gösterdiğini fakat kullandıkları araştırma yöntemi bakımından farklılıklara sahip olduklarını ortaya koymuştur.
Ayrıca araştırmada incelenmiş olan makalelerin “kriz/risk iletişimi”, “infodemi”, “sosyal medya”, “gazetecilik-haber” ve “halkla ilişkiler/reklam” alt başlıklarında sınıflanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
A Comparative Evaluation of Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Detail Reproduction for Polyvinyl Siloxane and Vinyl Siloxane Ether under Dry and Moist Conditions- An In-vitro Study
Authors: Pokharkar Amit Baban , Palekar Umesh Gopal , Saraf Veena , Vikhe Deepak Machindra , Bhiwapurkar Shefali Sevakram , Madanshetty Pallavi
Published: January 2022

Introduction: The conventional impression procedure plays a major role in prosthodontics inspite of advancement in intra- oral scanning devices and 3D imaging procedures. Dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction are important for recording an impression. Aim: The study evaluated and compared the dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction of Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS) and vinyl siloxane ether impression materials when used under dry and moist conditions. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, for a period of two years from October 2018 to September 2020. A total of 60 impressions were made with PVS (Group A) and vinyl siloxane ether (Group B) under dry (A1, B1) and moist (A2, B2) conditions of stainless steel dies which had lines engraved on superior surface of the die. Using a Harloc’s Tool maker’s microscope, dimensional accuracy was measured by comparing the width of line Y in each impression. Surface detail reproduction was evaluated by American Dental Association (ADA) specification no. 19 where it stated continuous replication of at least any two lines out of the three lines inscribed on the die. Data analysis processing was performed in the SYSTAT version 12 (made by Crane’s software, Bangalore). Student’s unpaired t-test and Chi-square test were performed to determine statistical difference between PVS and vinyl siloxane ether where the level of significance was set at 5% and 1%. Results: The mean dimensional change and SD values for PVS under dry condition ranged from 21.93±2.46 to 22.40±2.89 (in mm). The mean dimensional change and SD values for PVS under moist condition ranged from 22.87±3.20 to 23.33±3.42. The mean dimensional change and SD values for vinyl siloxane ether under dry condition ranged from 21.93±3.61 to 24.73±5.20. The mean dimensional change and SD values for vinyl siloxane ether under moist condition ranged from 21.93±4.48 to 22.87±4.15. No statistical difference was found under dry and moist conditions within 2 hours and after 24 hours for both the materials. Conclusion: The study revealed no significant difference between dimensional accuracy and surface detail reproduction for PVS and vinyl siloxane ether. Both the materials can reproduce the details under dry and moist conditions satisfactorily and remained dimensionally stable till 24 hours after impression making.
McKenzie Mobilisation on Acute Lumbar Lateral Shift in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review
Authors: Almeida Shellette D , Menon Vivek Vijayan , Vijay Swathi Makam , Shetty Spoorthi
Published: January 2022

Low back pain is often associated with a lateral shift in the lumbar spine. McKenzie mobilisation produces a rapid reversal of the deformity and reduction in pain. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the effects of McKenzie exercises in reducing pain and disability in individuals with an acute lumbar shift. A literature review was performed using four databases. All studies comprising the McKenzie method of treatment in the lateral lumbar shift were included. In total 18 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which six articles were finally selected to be included in this review. Six studies reported a reduction in pain, improvement in range of motion and reduction in disability. The present review identified supportive research for McKenzie treatment in individuals with an acute lumbar shift. However, more robust interventional trials are required to conclude the effectiveness of the McKenzie method in the acute lumbar list.
Effect of Distributed Versus Massed Practice on Reaction Time in Collegiate Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study
Authors: Negi Kiran , Shahanawaz SD , Chauhan Priya , Rajbhor Basudeo
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Reaction Time (RT) is the time taken by an individual to respond to external stimuli. It is one of the most important determinant ability in sports like Volleyball. Shorter RT leads to higher performance and success in Volleyball. Two types of training methods, massed and distributed practice have been used in researches to improve RT and other sports related skills in sports. In massed practice, there is persistent workout with hardly any rest periods even of minimal time period relative to the work interval while in distributed practice; it is interspersed with rest or other skill learning. There are mixed evidences on effectiveness of these practice methods which has led to the present study. Aim: To find the effect of distributed practice and massed practice in terms of RT among collegiate volleyball players. Materials and Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental pilot study that was conducted at the volleyball academy Gurugram, Haryana, India from September 2019 to December 2019. A total of 30 players, aged 18-22 years, from college volleyball team were invited to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received massed practice (n=15), and group B received distributed practice (n=15) for 40 minutes, four days a week for four weeks. Players who were practicing daily for one hour were included in this study and they were excluded if they had any condition that limited their participation in the study or if they are suffering from any type of orthopaedic or neurological illness. RT was measured using Ruler Drop Test (RDT) and Red Light Green Light Test (RLGL). Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Results: The mean pre and post data of Group A, for RDT was 0.16 and 0.12 seconds, respectively; of Group B, it was 0.16 and 0.13. The mean pre and post data of Group A for RLGL was 0.42 and 0.38 seconds, respectively; Group B data for RLGL pre and post was 0.39 and 0.37 seconds, respectively. Both the groups showed significant improvement in scores of RDT (p-value for Group A=0.01, Group B=0.05) and RLGL (p-value for Group A=0.01, Group B=0.01) measured by the paired sample t-test (p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in between group analysis measured by independent sample t-test (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that both massed and distributed practice was helpful in improving RT of collegiate volleyball players. As there was no significant difference between the two groups, consequently which practice method is superior in improving RT in collegiate volleyball players could not be stated.