bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of Fc Gamma Receptors and Their Role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sepúlveda-Delgado Jesús , Llorente Luis , Hernández-Doño Susana
Published: February 2025

Receptors for the immunoglobulin G constant fraction (FcγRs) are widely expressed in cells of the immune system. Complement-independent phagocytosis prompted FcγR research to show that the engagement of IgG immune complexes with FcγRs triggers a variety of cell host immune responses, such as phagocytosis, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, and NETosis, among others. However, variants of these receptors have been implicated in the development of and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Currently, the knowledge of FcγR variants is a required field of antibody therapeutics, which includes the engineering of recombinant soluble human Fc gamma receptors, enhancing the inhibitory and blocking the activating FcγRs function, vaccines, and organ transplantation. Importantly, recent interest in FcγRs is the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a mechanism by which the pathogenesis of certain viral infections is enhanced. ADEs may be responsible for the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, FcγRs have become a current research topic. Therefore, this review briefly describes some of the historical knowledge about the FcγR type I family in humans, including the structure, affinity, and mechanism of ligand binding, FcγRs in diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the potential therapeutic approaches related to these receptors in SLE.
Fatty Degenerative Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Bridging Molecular Insights and Clinical Practice—A Scoping Review
Authors: Dominiak Marzena , Niemczyk Wojciech , Pitułaj Artur , Świenc Witold , Matys Jacek
Published: February 2025

Fatty degenerative osteonecrosis of the jaw (FDOJ) is a chronic, aseptic inflammatory condition that is characterized by molecular disruptions in bone metabolism and necrotic bone marrow within the jawbone cavities. In contrast to the overt clinical signs typically observed in osteopathies, FDOJ frequently presents with a “silent inflammation” phenotype. The electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched using appropriate search terms, and the methodology was performed according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The elevated expression of inflammatory mediators, particularly C-C motif Chemokine Ligand-5/Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (CCL5/RANTES), fibroblast growth factor-2, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, distinguishes FDOJ at the molecular level and links it to systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. These immunohistochemical markers play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, immune response regulation, and abnormal bone remodeling. Advanced diagnostic tools, such as conebeam computed tomography and trans-alveolar ultrasonography, facilitate the detection of pathological changes that are not easily discernible with conventional radiography. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment modality, often complemented by therapies that target these molecular pathways to modulate chronic inflammation. This article underscores the importance of integrating molecular diagnostics, advanced imaging, and clinical data for effective FDOJ detection and management.
Special Issue “Molecular Advances in Cancer and Cell Metabolism”
Authors: Mesuraca Maria , Quaresima Barbara , Scicchitano Stefania , Faniello Maria Concetta
Published: February 2025

Mammalian cells can obtain energy by taking up different macromolecules, depending on their availability in the external environment [...]
Validation of Methodology for Quantifying Caffeic and Ferulic Acids in Raw and Roasted Coffee Extracts by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: da Silva Walace Breno , Rocha Larissa Martins , Soares Marcio Santos , Good God Pedro Ivo Vieira , da Silva Sabrina Alves , Moreira Daniele Birck , Silva Geraldo Humberto
Published: February 2025

Caffeic and ferulic acids are critical phenolic compounds in coffee beans, known for their antioxidant properties and influence on coffee’s acidity. This study developed and validated a rapid and simple analytical method to quantify these acids in raw and roasted coffee extracts using high-performance liquid chromatography with a violet detector (HPLC-UV). Parameters such as linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of quantification, and detection were analyzed. The two acids were quantified in five Coffea arabica cultivars (Red catucai, Siriema, IPR 98, Yellow catuai, and Yellow catucai), and the results were within the standards recommended by ANVISA and INMETRO. The concentrations of caffeic acid ranged from 1.43 to 1.93 mg/g in roasted grains and from 0.16 to 0.38 mg/g in raw grains; for ferulic acid, the concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 0.16 mg/g in raw grains and from 0.27 to 0.50 mg/g in roasted grains. According to the Tukey test, only cultivar IPR 98 showed a statistically significant difference in roasted grains. The proposed method offers a rapid and accurate analysis, contributing to the study of bioactive properties and the relationship between beverage quality and the presence of these compounds in coffee beans.
Compressive and Tensile Behavior of Hexagonal Hourglass Cellular Composite Panels
Authors: Shaibakovich Sofia , Dontsova Anna , Nemova Darya , Olshevskiy Vyacheslav , Sergeev Vitaly , Huang Jiandong
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the properties of structures with an ordered cellular internal configuration. Certain forms of the ordered internal structure contribute to the manifestation of auxetic properties. In this study, a hexagonal hourglass cell shape was chosen. The samples were 3D-printed with PLA and ABS filaments. The panels were subjected to out-of-plane compression. The Poisson ratio of the panels under compression was −0.06 for PLA samples and −0.05 for ABS samples. Tension tests were performed using two types of samples: type 1 with monolithic shoulders and type 2 with cellular shoulders. The average tensile strength of the type 1 samples was 0.482 ± 0.006 kN, whereas that of the type 2 samples was 0.416 ± 0.028 kN, which was 13.7% lower. The elongation at failure in the type 2 samples was 35% higher than that in the type 1 samples (1.85 ± 0.14 mm and 1.37 ± 0.08 mm, respectively). The higher deformation capacity of type 2 samples may be explained by the presence of an auxetic mesh over the entire sample. Auxetic properties are useful in numerous engineering fields. For civil engineering purposes, the blast-proof abilities of such structures are important. Thus, in future research, it is planned to create samples of fine-grain concrete with similar cellular structure.
Personalized Joint Replacement: Landmark-Free Morphometric Analysis of Distal Radii
Authors: Remus Sarah L. , Brugetti Kevin , Zimmer Veronika A. , Hesse Nina , Reidler Paul L. , Giunta Riccardo , Schnabel Julia A. , Demmer Wolfram
Published: February 2025

Background: Fractures of the distal radius are common, particularly among young men and elderly women, often leading to painful wrist arthritis, especially if the joint surface has been affected. Traditional treatments of the wrist, such as full or partial wrist fusion, limit movement, and common wrist prostheses have high complication rates. Regenerative medicine and 3D bioprinting offer the potential for personalized joint replacements. Methods: This study evaluates using the contralateral radius as a template for creating customized distal radius prostheses. Bilateral CT scans of healthy wrists were analyzed to assess the shape and symmetry of the distal radius using a landmark-free morphometric method. Instead of comparing defined landmarks, the entire surface of the radius is analyzed employing dense point- and deformation-based morphometry to detect subtle morphological differences, providing an unbiased and more accurate comparison of the overall deformations in the distal radii. Results: results show strong intraindividual symmetry in joint surfaces. Interindividual comparisons revealed significant morphological variations, particularly gender-specific differences. Conclusions: These findings support the use of the contralateral radius as a template for the replaced side. At the same time, the interindividual results endorse the approach of pursuing personalized prostheses as the optimal replacement for distal joint surfaces. The increasing improvement of 3D-printed prostheses promises new methods for better outcomes in distal radius arthrosis after intraarticular fractures. Further research into clinical applications and biocompatible 3D printing materials is recommended.
Improved Deadbeat Predictive Direct Power Control for Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Based on LADRC
Authors: Ma He , Yao Xuliang , Wang Jingfang , Luo Xinghong , Huang Shengqi
Published: February 2025

In modern marine vessels equipped with electric propulsion systems, rectifiers are commonly used as part of the setup. However, the conventional deadbeat predictive direct power control strategy for three-phase voltage source pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifiers tends to underperform when subjected to load variations and external disturbances. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an enhanced linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC), incorporating virtual capacitance and an improved equivalent input disturbance strategy. The integration of virtual capacitance in the LADRC is specifically applied during load transitions. Virtual capacitance is a capacitor element simulated through the control strategy. It enhances voltage stability and dynamic response capability by compensating for voltage fluctuations and power deficits in the system. By providing a virtual active power, this approach substantially improves power tracking performance, reducing the DC voltage drop and settling time by 60% and 74%, respectively. In addition, the proposed strategy is easy to implement and does not add complexity to the LADRC. Moreover, the equivalent input disturbance is refined through virtual capacitance, enabling accurate disturbance estimation. As a result, the active power ripple and current total harmonic distortion under disturbances are reduced by 44% and 40%, respectively. The stability of the proposed strategy is comprehensively analyzed, and experimental results from a prototype system validate its effectiveness and accuracy.
Oncologic Outcomes of Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy in Patients with High-Grade Adenocarcinoma Pattern
Authors: Bongiolatti Stefano , Salvicchi Alberto , Gatteschi Lavinia , Mugnaini Giovanni , Tombelli Simone , Gonfiotti Alessandro , Voltolini Luca
Published: February 2025

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma exhibits heterogeneity among different histological subtypes, with solid and micropapillary subgroups (classified as high-grade) associated with worse prognosis. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of high-grade adenocarcinoma on survival in patients undergoing intentional thoracoscopic segmentectomy. Methods: Patients who underwent segmentectomy for clinical-stage IA non-small-cell lung cancer between 2016 and 2023 were reviewed. The adenocarcinoma population was divided and compared based on the presence of high-grade adenocarcinoma >20%, based on the 2021 WHO classification. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to test the association between survival and covariates. Results: The adenocarcinoma population included 216 patients, with high-grade adenocarcinoma >20% in 47 (21.7%). A consolidation-to-tumor ratio >0.8 was more frequent in the high-grade adenocarcinoma population. Survival analyses showed that overall (5-year OS rate 57% vs. 90%, p < 0.01), cancer-specific (5-year CSS rate 66% vs. 91%, p < 0.01) and disease-free survival (5-year DFS rate 53% vs. 75%, p < 0.01) were significantly worse in patients with high-grade adenocarcinoma. No significant differences in overall and disease-free survival were observed when compared to a contemporary cohort of lobectomy patients. Recurrence and high-grade pattern (HR 3.26, 95%CI 1.4–7.6, p < 0.01) were significant risk factors for reduced overall survival, whereas high-grade adenocarcinoma >20% (HR 2.43, 95%CI 1.25–4.71, p < 0.01) and a consolidation-to-tumor ratio >0.8 were risk factors for reduced disease-free survival. Conclusions: The prognosis of high-grade adenocarcinoma is sub-optimal even in radically treated early-stage patients, and close monitoring and a complete bio-molecular assessment should be advisable in light of a multimodal adjuvant approach. However, the different subtypes of adenocarcinoma could be inserted as a staging parameter in future international staging systems.
A Lower-Energy Pathway for the Creation of Multifunctional Silicon Suboxide Films
Authors: Rangel Rita de Cássia , Ribeiro Rafael Parra , de Souza Maria Eliziane Pires , Spigarollo Danielle Cristina Fernandes da Silva , de Souza Gelson Biscaia , Rangel Elidiane Cipriano
Published: February 2025

The possibility of inducing structural crosslinking and densification of plasma-deposited SiOx networks by controlling low-energy reaction mechanisms was investigated. For this, films were deposited for 300 s from HMDSO (2%), O2 (86%) and Ar (12%) mixtures at a working pressure of 15.7 Pa. A radiofrequency signal was used to excite the plasma in a configuration so as to not deliberately induce ion bombardment of the growing layers. The plasma excitation power was varied (100 to 300 W) to promote changes in the deposition mechanisms, which were investigated from deposition rate and layer thickness, chemical structure, elemental composition, topography, roughness, hardness, elastic modulus, corrosion potential, corrosion current density and porosity of the films. Under the experimental conditions studied, inorganic SiOx thin films (x = 1.8–1.9) with a low carbon content were deposited. The increase in the applied power during the deposition process reduced the number of silanol groups in the coatings, due to dangling bonds recombination by structural crosslinks, which avoided hydroxyl incorporation and silanol formation. As a consequence, the structure became harder, more compact and corrosion resistant.
Bifunctional Nd-Doped LGSB Crystals: A Roadmap for Crystal Growth and Improved Laser Emission Performance in the NIR and Green Domains
Authors: Broasca Alin , Greculeasa Madalin , Voicu Flavius , Gheorghe Cristina , Hau Stefania , Susala Catalina Alice , Gheorghe Lucian
Published: February 2025

Herein we present a roadmap for tailoring the crystal growth conditions, near-infrared (NIR) laser emission, and self-frequency doubling (SFD) performances of newly developed Nd-doped LaxGdySc4−x−y(BO3)4 (Nd:LGSB) crystals. Three different Nd3+ doping concentrations of 2.3 at.%, 3.5 at.%, and 4.6 at.% were investigated. Considering their incongruent melting, special conditions were employed for the growth using the Czochralski technique. Laser emission performances at 1062 nm in the CW regime were evaluated for uncoated crystal samples with different orientations (a-cut, c-cut, and SFD-cut). The highest slope efficiency ηsa = 0.68 was obtained for the 4.6 at.% c-cut Nd:LGSB crystal, with a randomly polarized emission. The a-cut 4.6 at.% Nd:LGSB crystal delivered a linearly polarized beam with a slope efficiency ηsa = 0.63. The SFD-cut 2.3 at.% and 3.5 at.% Nd:LGSB crystals achieved slightly lower efficiencies of ~ 0.56. The SFD capabilities of 2.3 at.% and 3.5 at.% Nd:LGSB crystals were also explored. Green laser emission at ~531 nm was achieved with a diode-to-green conversion efficiency increasing significantly from 0.17% to 1.44%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the Nd-doping concentration, crystal orientation, and sample length of Nd:LGSB crystals, must be carefully selected depending on the specific requirements of the intended application.
An Evaluation of the Fracture Properties of Asphalt Concrete Mixes Using the Semi-Circular Bending Method and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Zieliński Piotr , Klimczak Marek , Tekieli Marcin , Strzępek Mateusz
Published: February 2025

The semi-circular bending method (SCB) is a useful test for evaluating the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures with added reclaimed asphalt shingles. A mixture of the asphalt concrete AC 16 with 50/70 paving bitumen was used for the binder course test as a reference mix. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate two aging conditions (short-term and long-term) of the above-mentioned asphalt mixtures in relation to their fracture properties. Laboratory experiments are enhanced with the application of image processing techniques (digital image correlation and image segmentation) that account for the asphalt mixture heterogeneity. Consequently, they can provide a more detailed description of the specimen performance. Statistical analyses of the laboratory results indicate that the best sensitivity in terms of differentiating the tested mixtures, especially taking into account the aging conditions of the mixtures, was observed for the post-peak parameters such as the flexibility index (FI), toughness index (TI), and, above all, cracking resistance index (CRI), for which the average coefficient of the result variability is approximately 10%, while for the FI and TI parameters it is approximately 30%. Digital image correlation analyses provided a confirmative illustration of the aforementioned observation.
Mean-Field Modeling of Green Technology Adoption: A Competition for Incentives
Authors: Grosset Luca , Sartori Elena
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the role of fiscal incentives in promoting the transition to a green economy using a dynamic mean-field game framework. By modeling firms as representative agents undergoing an environmentally sustainable transition, we analyze two distinct types of incentive structure: fixed incentives and incentives based on the average behavior of firms. The findings underscore the importance of balancing incentive structures to avoid economic inefficiencies and ensure a smooth ecological transition.
Multiplicities and Volumes of Filtrations
Authors: Cutkosky Steven Dale
Published: February 2025

In this article, we survey some aspects of the theory of multiplicities of mR-primary ideals in a local ring (R,mR) and the extension of this theory to multiplicities of graded families of mR-primary ideals. We first discuss the existence of multiplicities as a limit. Then, we focus on a theorem of Rees, characterizing when two mR-primary ideals I⊂J have the same multiplicity, and discuss extensions of this theorem to filtrations of mR-primary ideals. In the final sections, we give outlines of the proof of existence of the multiplicity of a graded family of mR-primary ideals as a limit, with mild conditions on R, and the proof of the extension of Rees’ theorem to divisorial filtrations.
Characterization of Monotone Sequences of Positive Numbers Prescribed by Means
Authors: Tóth János T. , Filip Ferdinánd , Svitek Szilárd , Václavíková Zuzana
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to investigate the relations between the exponent of the convergence of sequences and other characteristics defined for monotone sequences of positive numbers. Another main goal is to characterize such monotone sequences (an) of positive numbers that, for each n≥2, satisfy the equality an=K(an−1,an+1), where the function K:R+×R+→R+ is the mean, i.e., each value of K(x,y) lies between min{x,y} and max{x,y}. Well-known examples of such sequences are, for example, arithmetic (geometric) progression, because starting from the second term, each of its terms is equal to the arithmetic (geometric) mean of its neighboring terms. Furthermore, this accomplishment generalized and extended previous results, where the properties of the logarithmic sequence (an) are referred to, i.e., in such a sequence that every n≥2 satisfies an=L(an−1,an+1), where L(x,y) is the logarithmic mean of positive numbers x,y defined as follows: L(x,y):=y−xlny−lnxifx≠y,xifx=y.
Fluidity of Aluminium Foundry Alloys for Thin Wall Castings: Designing an Operating Methodology
Authors: Asghar Osama , da Silva Manel , Busqué Raquel , Bonollo Franco
Published: February 2025

Aluminium thin wall castings are gaining wide acceptance in the automotive industry because of their incomparable design flexibility and higher mechanical properties. For these thin wall castings, fluidity plays a vital role in determining the quality of the final product. The aim of this work is to provide a detailed insight into the development of a multi-channel testing methodology to evaluate the fluidity of aluminium foundry alloys for thin wall applications. AlSi10MnMg foundry alloy has been used to conduct a series of experiments with the aim of designing operative protocols that achieve higher repeatability of the results. The fluidity of the investigated alloy was observed in channels of various cross-sections at three different pouring temperatures, i.e., 680, 710, and 740 °C. The obtained results show that experiments conducted following closely the designed operative protocols, result in achieving higher repeatability. It was also observed that by increasing the pouring temperature, the fluidity and repeatability of the alloy increased greatly. The 3D transient simulations were conducted by means of Altair® Inspire™ Cast 2021.2 software to study the molten metal behaviour, i.e., solidification temperature and time at the end of each strip for the studied pouring temperatures. The results further reveal that the design methodology, if executed with intrinsic accuracy and precision, will provide a reliable pathway to determine the fluidity of aluminium alloys for various industrial applications.
A Fully Integrated Memristive Chaotic Circuit Based on Memristor Emulator with Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
Authors: Duan Zhikui , Chen Jiahui , He Shaobo , Yu Xinmei , Wang Qiang , Zhang Xin , Xiong Peng
Published: February 2025

This paper introduces a fully integrated memristive chaotic circuit, which is based on a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The circuit employs a fully integrated architecture that offers reduced power consumption and a smaller footprint compared to the use of discrete components. Specifically, the VCO is utilized to generate the oscillatory signal, whereas the memristor emulator circuit serves as the nonlinear element. The memristor emulator circuit is constructed using a single operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), two transistors, and a grounded capacitor. This straightforward design contributes to diminished power usage within the chip’s area. The VCO incorporates a dual delay unit and implements current compensation to enhance the oscillation frequency and to broaden the VCO’s tunable range. Fabricated using the SMIC 180 nm CMOS process, this chaotic circuit occupies a mere 0.0072 mm2 of chip area, demonstrating a design that is both efficient and compact. Simulation outcomes indicate that the proposed memristor emulator is capable of operating at a maximum frequency of 300 MHz. The memristive chaotic circuit is able to produce a chaotic oscillatory signal with an operational frequency ranging from 158 MHz to 286 MHz, powered by a supply of 0.9 V, and with a peak power consumption of 3.5553 mW. The Lyapunov exponent of the time series within the resultant chaotic signal spans from 0.2572 to 0.4341.
A Mode-Localized Micro-Electromechanical System Accelerometer with Force Rebalance Closed-Loop Control
Authors: Wang Bowen , Qi Zhenxiang , Wang Kunfeng , Zhai Zhaoyang , Wang Zheng , Zou Xudong
Published: February 2025

This article proposes a force rebalance control scheme based on a mode-localized resonant accelerometer (ML-RXL), which is applied to address the limited measurement range problem of the ML-RXL. For the first time, an empirical response model of the weakly coupling resonators for the amplitude ratio output is established. Based on this, this paper builds an overall model of the force rebalance control system to analyze the sensitivity characteristics by simulations, which demonstrates that the scheme can effectively broaden the linear measurement range. It is demonstrated that the sensor exhibits a highly linear output within a measurement range of ±1 g, with a sensitivity of the feedback-control voltage output measured at 2.94 V/g. The measurement range is expanded by at least 6.7 times. Moreover, the results show that the minimum input-referred acceleration noise density of the sensor for the force rebalance control scheme is 3.29 μg/rtHz, and that the best bias instability is optimized to 5.34 μg with an integral time of 0.64 s.
Revealing Cooperative Load-Bearing Mechanisms Between Mine Backfill and Rock Pillar Using a Bonded-Block Modeling Approach
Authors: Yan Baoxu , Jia Hanwen , Liu Yuliang , Liu Penghao , Yilmaz Erol
Published: February 2025

This study investigates how mine backfill interacts with pillars to enhance load-bearing mechanisms in underground mining using the bonded-block modeling method. Through systematic numerical simulations of single- and three-pillar systems, we evaluate critical design parameters—backfill ratio, backfill’s cohesion, lateral confinement pressure, and pillar height-to-width ratio—to quantify their effects on cooperative load-bearing behavior. Key findings reveal that backfill provides essential horizontal passive support to pillars, with this stabilizing effect amplifying as the pillars fragment or undergo lateral expansion. Increasing the backfill-to-roof contact ratio due to the lateral expansion and squeezing effect of the pillar to the adjacent backfill strengthens the lateral constraints, reducing the tensile failures and axial crack propagation in the pillars at peak stress. In multi-pillar configurations, higher backfill cohesion improves system stability by redistributing loads across adjacent structures. Practical guidelines are proposed. Low-cohesion backfill with high filling ratios is recommended for single pillars to absorb energy during sudden failures, while high-cohesion backfill optimizes stability in multi-pillar systems. These insights advance the design of safer and more efficient backfill–pillar support systems in mining engineering.
Towards Imaging Tau Hyperphosphorylation: Is DYRK1A a Potential Target for Imaging Hyperphosphorylation of Tau? Molecular Modeling Assessment and Synthesis of [125I]Radioiodinated DYRK1A Inhibitor
Authors: Paclibar Cayz G. , Schafer Deanna M. , Biju Agnes P. , Karim Fariha , Sison Stephanie A. , Liang Christopher , Ahmed Shamiha T. , Mukherjee Jogeshwar
Published: February 2025

Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), a phosphorylation kinase, is localized within the central nervous system and is linked to hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Imaging of DYRK1A may provide an earlier biomarker for Tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have used Chimera-Autodock to evaluate potential molecules for binding to the binding site of DYRK1A. Five molecules, 10-bromo-2-iodo-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (4E3), 10-iodo-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid (KuFal184), harmine, 6-(fluoro-3-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-1-yl)isoquinolin-5-amine (MK-6240), and 6-iodo-3-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridine-1-yl)isoquinoline (IPPI), were found to have binding energies of −10.4, −10.1, −9.0, −9.1, and −9.4 kcal/mole, respectively. Two molecules, 4E3 and KuFal184, were selective for DYRK1A, while harmine also had a monoamine oxidase A affinity, and MK-6240 and IPPI had affinity for Tau. Tau present in the brain slices of AD subject were labeled with [125I]IPPI. KuFal184 had no effect on the binding of [125I]IPPI, suggesting the absence of binding overlap of the two molecules. MK-6240, a known Tau agent was, however, able to compete with [125I]IPPI. The binding energies of harmine, MK-6240, and IPPI for the DYRK1A site suggest affinities of approximately 80–100 nM, which is insufficient to serve as an imaging agent. The higher affinity of KuFal184 (6 nM for DYRK1A) suggested that [125I]KuFal184 may be a potential imaging agent. Electrophilic radioiodination was used to synthesize [125I]KuFal184 in modest yields (25%) and high radiochemical purity (>95%). Preliminary binding studies with [125I]KuFal184 in AD brain slices showed some selectivity for cortical grey matter regions containing Tau.
A Review of Recent Developments in Analytical Methods for Determination of Phosphorus from Environmental Samples
Authors: Mogashane Tumelo M. , Mapazi Odwa , Motlatle Moshalagae A. , Mokoena Lebohang , Tshilongo James
Published: February 2025

Phosphorus is essential to environmental systems because it affects both agricultural productivity and ecological balance. Since it contributes to eutrophication and pollution problems, its existence in a variety of environmental matrices, including soil, water, and air, necessitates precise and effective determination methods for monitoring and managing its levels. This review paper provides an extensive overview of the latest advancements in analytical techniques for measuring phosphorus in environmental samples. We investigate sophisticated spectroscopic, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques in addition to conventional approaches like colorimetric analysis. Innovative techniques such as mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are also highlighted in this study, along with newly developed technologies such as biosensors, lab-on-a-chip devices, and nanotechnology-based techniques. Real-time and field-deployable monitoring technologies are also covered, with a focus on their advantages and usefulness. Among the techniques reviewed, XRF and colorimetry methods have proven to be the most reliable due to their precision, cost-effectiveness, and adaptability for different sample matrices. While emerging spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques offer promising alternatives, further validation and standardization are needed for routine environmental monitoring. Future research should focus on integrating automated and high-throughput techniques to enhance monitoring capabilities further.
Sustainable Carbon Materials from Sucrose as Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Lobato Belén , Cuesta Nuria , Cameán Ignacio , Martínez-Tarazona Maria Rosa , García Roberto , Arenillas Ana , García Ana B.
Published: February 2025

The implementation of sodium-ion batteries for renewable energy storage requires the development of sustainable electrode materials. Usually, these materials are produced through complex energy-intensive processes that are challenging to scale and involve expensive and/or toxic reagents. In this study, sustainable hard carbon materials, some doped with iron, synthesized from sucrose using a simple, fast, and cost-effective two-step eco-friendly process, are investigated as anodes for sodium-ion batteries. The influence of physicochemical and structural material properties on electrode reversible capacity, cycling stability, and efficiency is analyzed. The SC900 material, which exhibits a certain development of graphite-like structure, though not strictly graphitic, showed the best electrochemical performance, providing discharge capacities exceeding 100 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles with excellent cycling stability and high coulombic efficiency. The capacity of the materials increases as d002 decreases, (i.e., as the degree of structural order increases), to the optimum value of ~0.3700 nm. However, a further decrease in d002 to values characteristic of quasi-graphitic materials, as a consequence of the catalytic effect of iron, hinders Na+-ion storage, which, in addition to the low electrochemical activity of the iron oxides present, leads to much lower capacities.
Supercritical Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Compounds in Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott
Authors: Razgonova Mayya P. , Okhlopkova Zhanna M. , Nawaz Muhammad A. , Egorova Polina S. , Golokhvast Kirill S.
Published: February 2025

Background: This is a comparative metabolomic study of the medicinal plant Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott from the family Dryopteridaceae Herter (or Aspidiaceae Mett. ex Frank) growing under cold pole conditions in the Oymyakon region of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Methods: The aerial parts of D. fragrans were subjected to extraction using supercritical CO2 extraction and maceration methods. Several experimental conditions were investigated, including a pressure range of 50–300 bar and a temperature range of 31–60 °C. A 1% volume of ethanol was used as a co-solvent in the liquid phase of the extraction. Results: The most effective D. fragrans extraction conditions were 200 Bar pressure and a temperature of 55 °C. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the target analytes. A total of 141 bioactive compounds (86 compounds from the polyphenol group and 55 compounds from other chemical groups) were tentatively identified in extracts of aerial parts of D. fragrans. Among these, thirty chemical constituents from the polyphenol group were identified for the first time. Other compound classes that were newly identified in D. fragrans include naphthoquinones (5,8-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-anthraquinone, 1,4,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, chrysophanol, etc.), diterpenoids (tanshinone IIa, cryptotanshinone, isocryptotanshinone II, tanshinone IIb, etc.), polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and sesquiterpenes. Conclusions: These results highlight that D. fragrans is rich in bioactive compounds and put forward several newly detected compounds for further investigation.
High-Performance Optical NOR Gate with SOA-MZI
Authors: Kotb Amer , Zoiros Kyriakos E. , Chen Wei
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a novel design for a NOR gate using a semiconductor optical amplifier combined with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. By utilizing two inverting input signals, the system achieves the NOR logic function, simplifying the overall architecture and reducing component complexity. The gate’s performance is evaluated at 80 Gb/s, achieving a high-quality factor of 23.47, demonstrating superior signal integrity and reliability. We analyze the influence of key parameters on the gate’s functionality and assess the impact of amplified spontaneous emission on system performance. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the NOR gate and contributes to developing efficient, cost-effective solutions for complex optical logic circuits.
Molecular Determinants for the Binding of the Highly Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.1) Variant to the Human ACE2 Receptor
Authors: Aljohani Majed S. , Bhatta Pawan , Hu Xiche
Published: February 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, continually undergoes mutation, leading to variants with altered pathogenicity and transmissibility. The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), first identified in South Africa in 2021, has become the dominant strain worldwide. It harbors approximately 50 mutations compared to the original strain, with 15 located in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein that facilitates viral entry via binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. How do these mutated residues modulate the intermolecular interactions and binding affinity between the RBD and ACE2? This is a question of great theoretical importance and practical implication. In this study, we employed quantum chemical calculations at the B2PLYP-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory to investigate the molecular determinants governing Omicron’s ACE2 interaction. Comparative analysis of the Omicron and wild-type RBD–ACE2 interfaces revealed that mutations including S477N, Q493R, Q498R, and N501Y enhance binding through the formation of bifurcated hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, and cation–π interactions. These favorable interactions counterbalance such destabilizing mutations as K417N, G446S, G496S, and Y505H, which disrupt salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. Additionally, allosteric effects improve the contributions of non-mutated residues (notably A475, Y453, and F486) via structural realignment and novel hydrogen bonding with ACE2 residues such as S19, leading to an overall increase in the electrostatic and π-system interaction energy. In conclusion, our findings provide a mechanistic basis for Omicron’s increased infectivity and offer valuable insights for the development of targeted antiviral therapies. Moreover, from a methodological perspective, we directly calculated mutation-induced binding energy changes at the residue level using advanced quantum chemical methods rather than relying on the indirect decomposition schemes typical of molecular dynamics-based free energy analyses. The strong correlation between calculated energy differences and experimental deep mutational scanning (DMS) data underscores the robustness of the theoretical framework in predicting the effects of RBD mutations on ACE2 binding affinity. This demonstrates the potential of quantum chemical methods as predictive tools for studying mutation-induced changes in protein–protein interactions and guiding rational therapeutic design.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Importance of the Terpenoid, Fatty Acid, and Flavonoid Pathways in Rice Cell Death and Defense
Authors: Bai Pengfei , Liu Yanfang , Gomes-Dias Laisa , Combs-Giroir Rachel , Dai Shaoxing , Choi Naeyeoung , Lin Yun , Bernier Matthew , Hatzakis Emmanuel , Wang Guo-Liang , Blakeslee Joshua J.
Published: February 2025

Lesion mimic mutants provide unique tools to investigate plant–pathogen interactions, often exhibiting hypersensitive responses in the absence of biotic or abiotic stresses. The overexpression of the S-domain receptor-like kinase gene, SPL11 cell-death suppressor 2 (SDS2), in rice leads to constitutive programmed cell death and enhanced resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. However, the mechanisms underlying this broad-spectrum resistance remain unclear. This study integrates transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of the SDS2-ACT mutant to uncover gene expression and metabolic shifts associated with disease resistance. To identify SDS2-specific physiological changes related to pathogen resistance, leaf tissues from the SDS2-ACT mutant and the Kitkaake WT line were subjected to both transcriptomic and non-targeted metabolic profiling. Transcriptomic analyses identified 1497 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including up-regulated genes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, phytohormone signaling, and defense-related pathways (including pathogenesis-related [PR] genes). Metabolomic profiling revealed significant alterations in the accumulation of several compound classes, including putative: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, phytohormones, fatty acids, and sugars. These changes are likely correlated with the observed cell death and resistance phenotypes in the SDS2-ACT mutant. This study provides an overall landscape of the transcriptomic and metabolomic alterations in a lesion mimic mutant, identifying candidate defense-related genes and metabolites for functional analysis in rice.
Simultaneous Component Analysis of Akebia quinata Seeds (Lardizabalaceae) by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Quality and Cytotoxicity Assessment
Authors: Seo Chang-Seob , Chun Jaemoo , Song Kwang Hoon
Published: February 2025

Akebia quinata seeds (AQSs) are used as an analgesic, antiphlogistic, and diuretic in traditional herbal medicine. We developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) simultaneous component analysis method to analyze eight compounds (chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, hederacolchiside F, hederacoside C, dipsacoside B, akebia saponin D, and α-hederin) as markers for the quality assessment of AQSs. The separation of the eight analytes was performed in an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 reversed-phase analytical column. The method was validated with respect to linearity (coefficient of determination ≥ 0.994), recovery (90.32–108.18%; relative standard deviation (RSD) < 10.0%), and precision (RSD < 10%). The analysis of the AQSs confirmed that the eight components were found in concentrations of 0.42–9.07 mg/g. The cytotoxicity of the AQS extract and the eight compounds against human cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 (breast), A549 (lung), HCT 116 (colon), AsPC-1 (pancreas), and A2780 (ovarian), was also assessed, with cisplatin used as a positive control. In addition, dipsacoside B showed high cytotoxicity in all cell lines. This assay will help to enhance efficacy and clinical research as well as provide a validated quality assessment of AQS extract and related traditional herbal medicines.
Evaluation of Using an Octavius 4D Measuring System for Patient-Specific VMAT Quality Assurance
Authors: Fiagan Yawo Atsu Constantino , N‘Guessan Kodjo Joël Fabrice , Diakité Adama , Adjenou Komlanvi Victor , Gevaert Thierry , Verellen Dirk
Published: February 2025

Background: Quality assurance (QA) programs are designed to improve the quality and safety of radiation treatments, including patient-specific QA (PSQA). The objective of this study was to investigate the conditions in which pretreatment PSQA is performed, to evaluate the root cause of the implementation of more complex techniques, and to identify areas for potential improvement. Materials/Methods: The Octavius 4D (O4D) system accuracy was evaluated using an O4D homogeneous phantom for different field sizes. Tests of the system response to dose linearity, field sizes, and PDD differences were performed against calculated doses for a 6 MV photon beam. The pretreatment verification of 40 VMAT plans was performed using the PTW VeriSoft software (version 8.0.1) for local and global 3D gamma analysis. The reconstructed 3D dose was compared to the calculated dose using 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm, 20% of the low-dose threshold, and 95% of the gamma passing rate (%GP) tolerance level. The sensitivity of the O4D system in detecting VMAT delivery and setup errors has been investigated by measuring the variation in %GP values before and after the simulated errors. Results: The O4D system reported good agreement for linearity, field size, and PDD differences with TPS dose, being within ±2% tolerance. The output factors were consistent between the ionization chamber and the O4D detector down to a 4 × 4 cm2 field size with a maximum deviation less than 1%. The introduction of deliberate errors caused a decrease in %GP values. In most scenarios, the %GP value of the simulated errors was detected with 2%/2 mm. Conclusion: The results indicate that the O4D system is sensitive enough to detect delivery and setup errors with the restrictive global criterion of 2%/2 mm for routine pretreatment verification.
Technical Recyclability and Carbon Footprint of Packaging for Butter, Yogurt, and Spreads
Authors: Klein Michelle , Neumair Charlotte , Tacker Manfred , Apprich Silvia
Published: February 2025

The adoption of the PPWR by the Council of the European Union (EU/2025/40) in 2025 intensifies the regulatory pressure on packaging manufacturers and food producers. This necessitates their adaptation of packaging to the new standards and selection of materials by various sustainability criteria and minimum standards. The legal text places particular emphasis on recyclability and the carbon footprint. The dairy industry holds significant economic importance in the DACH region (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland); this study therefore analyzed and compared the recyclability and carbon footprint of selected product categories and diverse packaging options for butter, yogurt, spreads, curd cheese, and cottage cheese. This study found large differences within the product categories, and also between the assessed countries, due to differing waste management systems (collection, sorting, and recycling) and waste streams. A key finding is the substantial discrepancy in glass packaging, which significantly exceeds the emission values of other packaging systems. In terms of recyclability, glass packaging performs well due to the effectiveness of the recycling systems regarding the future effective PPWR. However, significant variations in recyclability were observed between Germany and Austria for tray and cup materials made of PP and PS. Notably, there is a preference for packaging systems without a cardboard sleeve over those with one. This study provides critical insights into the environmental performance of packaging materials in the dairy sector. It highlights the challenges posed by regulatory changes and the urgent need for region-specific strategies. By identifying key areas for improvement in packaging design and waste management, this work lays the foundation for achieving compliance with the PPWR and advancing the transition toward a circular economy in the DACH region.
A High-Precision Matching Method for Heterogeneous SAR Images Based on ROEWA and Angle-Weighted Gradient
Authors: Yu Anxi , Tong Wenhao , Wang Zhengbin , Zhang Keke , Dong Zhen
Published: February 2025

The prerequisite for the fusion processing of heterogeneous SAR images lies in high-precision image matching, which can be widely applied in areas such as geometric localization, scene matching navigation, and target recognition. This study proposes a method for high-precision matching of heterogeneous SAR images based on the combination of the single-scale ratio of an exponentially weighted averages (ROEWA) operator and angle-weighted gradient (RAWG). The method consists of the following three main steps: feature point extraction, feature description, and feature matching. The algorithm utilizes the block-based SAR-Harris operator to extract feature points from the reference SAR image, effectively combating the interference of coherent speckle noise and improving the uniformity of feature point distribution. By employing the single-scale ROEWA operator in conjunction with angle-weighted gradient projection, the construction of a 3D dense feature descriptor is achieved, enhancing the consistency of gradient features in heterogeneous SAR images and smoothing the search surface. Through the optimal feature construction strategy and frequency domain SSD algorithm, fast template matching is realized. Experimental comparisons with other mainstream matching methods demonstrate that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of our method is reduced by 47.5% compared with CFOG, and compared with HOPES, the error is reduced by 15.4% and the matching time is reduced by 34.3%. The proposed approach effectively addresses the nonlinear intensity differences, geometric disparities, and interference of coherent speckle noise in heterogeneous SAR images. It exhibits robustness, high precision, and efficiency as its prominent advantages.