bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MAXIMIZATION OF THE 4TH DIMENSION OF THE BUILDING SITE
Authors: Rotilio M. , Laurini E. , Lucarelli M. , De Berardinis P.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The aim of the contribution is to elaborate the digitalization of the construction process and of the management of the construction for both the organization of work activity and safety on the building site. The BIM methodology requires a digital implementation of construction through the creation of virtual models pertaining to the various professions involved. The CoSIM, acronym for Construction Site Information Modelling, is the application of BIM in the building site and where the federated model of the design phase materializes. The goal of the methodology developed is to obtain an elevated quality standard of the project, while trying to maximise costs and time as much as possible to favour an increase in the level of safety and security on the building site. The BSS, Building Site Safety, will allow a maximization of the safety design, not only by graphically depicting work activity but also forming a digital system for the documentation of the building site. To support this, the model is integrated with a simple plug-in which contains a library of objects to use for the designing and planning of safety on site, from general information to state of emergency warning. Thanks to the combination of the CoSIM and the BSS we can have a reduction of the variant, a reduction of time and costs due to an improved planning of work activity and allows the worker to be aware of all the modalities of procedure before entering the building site.
Complex Networks Reveal Teleconnections between the Global SST and Rainfall in Southwest China
Authors: Qiao Panjie , Liu Wenqi , Zhang Yongwen , Gong Zhiqiang
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Extreme drought events have frequently occurred in Southwest China (SWC) in this century. The rainfall of SWC could be related to several climate systems such as the East Asia monsoon, Indian monsoon and El Nino-southern Oscillation. Also it tightly depends on the variety of landforms and the complex terrain of SWC. Therefore the mechanism and prediction of rainfall in the area have became a difficult and central issue in climatology. Here we develop a novel multi-variable network method to delineate the relation between the global sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and the rainfall of SWC. Our results show the important degree patterns in the Western, Eastern Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, which significantly influence the rainfall in SWC. Particularly the patterns will change with season and connect to some specific subareas within SWC. The strongest teleconnection is observed for the spring rainfall. The underlying mechanism of our observed teleconnection could be related to the large-scale ocean–atmosphere circulations. Moreover, we can identify the time-lag of the teleconnection links that can potentially improve the prediction of rainfall in SWC.
Estimating exposure of residential assets to natural hazards in Europe using open data
Authors: Paprotny Dominik , Kreibich Heidi , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo , Terefenko Paweł , Schröter Kai
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Natural hazards affect many types of tangible assets, the most valuable of which are often residential assets, comprising buildings and household contents. Yet, information necessary to derive exposure in terms of monetary value at the level of individual houses is often not available. This includes building type, size, quality or age. In this study, we provide a universal method for estimating exposure of residential assets using only publicly-available or open data. Using building footprints (polygons) from OpenStreetMap as a starting point, we utilized high-resolution elevation models of 30 European capitals and a set of pan-European raster dataset to construct a Bayesian Network-based model that is able to predict building height. The model was then validated with a dataset of: (1) buildings in Poland endangered by sea level rise, for which the number of floors is known, and (2) a sample of Dutch and German houses affected in the past by fluvial and pluvial floods, for which usable floor space area is known. Floor space of buildings is an important basis for approximating their economic value, including household contents. Here, we provide average national-level gross replacement costs of the stock of residential assets in 30 European countries, in nominal and real prices, covering years 2000–2017. We relied either on existing estimates of the total stock of assets or made new calculations using the Perpetual Inventory Method, which were then translated into exposure per m2 of floor space using data on countries' dwelling stocks. The study shows that the resulting standardized residential exposure values provide much better coverage and consistency compared to previous studies.
From postcard to book cover: illustrating connections between medical history and digital humanities
Authors: Ewing E. Thomas , Randall Katherine , Reznick Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2019

This article illustrates the value and impact of collaboration among scholars, archivists, and librarians working across universities and government institutions, and how changes in medium—from a born-physical photograph and printed postcard to a digital reproduction to a simultaneously born-digital and printed book—create new possibilities for scholarly analysis, interpretation, and dissemination, which in turn suggest future directions for research and engagement across fields of inquiry. In doing so, this article argues that history matters by illuminating past networks that, through humanistic inquiry, continue to connect people, ideas, and institutions in the present and into the future.
What can we do about Dr. Google? Using the electronic medical record (EMR) to prescribe reliable online patient education
Authors: Volk Ruti , Obeid Nabeel
Published: October 2019

Objective: The project enabled clinicians to utilize the electronic medical record (EMR) to easily prescribe preapproved online patient education resources to their patients.Background: Physicians and other clinicians are concerned about the wide use of “Dr. Google” and the difficulties of responding to patients who demand unproven or unnecessary tests and therapies they found out about on the Internet.Setting/Participants/Resources: Participants were providers at a large health system using Epic EMR. The institution maintains a web-based database that links to print and electronic patient education materials that have been vetted by content experts.Methods: Clinicians worked with librarians to create web pages that link to the resources they recommend for their patients. Librarians collaborated with the information technology (IT) department to implement a solution that enables clinicians to quickly and easily send the uniform resource locator (URL) to the after visit summary (AVS) or as a message via the patient portal.Results: This solution has been implemented in more than 20 units across the institution. Analytics data demonstrate that the majority of patients in a surgery clinic visited recommended resources.Conclusion: This simple solution is effective in directing patients to reliable resources. It can be easily adapted by other institutions using an EMR system such as EPIC or Cerner.Virtual Projects are published on an annual basis in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) following an annual call for virtual projects in MLAConnect and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries. An advisory committee of recognized technology experts selects project entries based on their currency, innovation, and contribution to health sciences librarianship.
Automated and/or authentic intimacy: What can we learn about contemporary intimacy from the case of Ashley Madison’s bots?
Authors: Harrison Katherine
Published: October 2019

In July 2015 the well-known affairs Web site, Ashley Madison, was hacked and both customer details and internal company correspondence were stolen, and later dumped online for public access. In the analysis of the data, it became clear that the site had extensively used bots to attract customers. This paper brings together these bots with a short story by Candas Jane Dorsey about the discomfiting potential of human-machine intimacies. I use the two to help me explore what I argue is an inbuilt and little discussed expectation/requirement of “authentic” intimacy: humanness.
Early Lives: The Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age at Çadır Höyük
Authors: Steadman Sharon R. , Hackley Laurel D. , Selover Stephanie , Yıldırım Burcu , von Baeyer Madelynn , Arbuckle Benjamin S. , Robinson Ryan , Smith Alexia
Published: October 2019

Çadır Höyük, located in the Yozgat Province of the north-central Anatolian plateau, was continuously occupied from the late sixth millennium BCE until at least the thirteenth century CE. This article focuses on the fourth millennium BCE during which the Uruk System in southern Mesopotamia emerged, flourished and then retracted, and the Kura-Araxes culture from Transcaucasia ventured into Anatolia and the Levant. A close investigation of the Çadır settlement reveals a population that embraced the opportunities afforded it through the expanded trade and intercultural connections available during the millennium; the community transitioned into new socioeconomic patterns accompanied by changes in socioreligious and possibly sociopolitical behaviors. The disappearance of such opportunities at the end of the fourth millennium, rather than decimating a village that had come to rely on them, revealed the resilience of the community as it once again reoriented its focus to more local endeavors.
Interpreting Subadult Burials and Head Shaping at Çadır Höyük
Authors: Erdal Yılmaz Selim
Published: October 2019

Skeletal remains discovered from the Late Chalcolithic layers of Çadır Höyük have been analyzed in terms of demographic structure and intentional head shaping. It is observed that perinatal babies and young infants were buried in dwellings belonging to the earliest phase of the settlement. Burials of older children, located in public and ritual buildings and characterized by the presence of prestigious items, represent an important change in burial customs. Some of these children appear to be affected by head shaping. The low frequency of head shaping within the settlement, location of the burials, and prestigious grave goods may well reflect that the reshaped individuals belonged to high social ranks. Moreover, on the basis of the above-mentioned evidence, reshaped individuals may have inherited their social status at birth.
Karyotypes of Cottus cognatus, C. bairdi, and their hybrids in central Pennsylvania
Authors: Thompson Kenneth , Whitcomb Shannon , Choudhry Emily , Hartmann Christopher J. , Tull Amy M. , White Michael P.
Published: October 2019

Karyotypes of the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), the mottled sculpin (C. bairdi), and hybrids of these two species were prepared from specimens collected from the west branch of the Susquehanna River in Lycoming and Clinton counties in Central Pennsylvania. Diploid numbers of 48 and arm numbers of 72 were determined for both species and the hybrids. No sexual dimorphism or chromosomal morphological differences were found in either species or the hybrids. Chromosomal evolution within Cottus is shown to have proceeded by pericentric inversions. A hybrid zone of approximately 10 km is indicated.
A gênese e o meio da filosofia dos meios
Authors: Bennke Johannes
Published: October 2019

Nos estudos de mídia, há uma discussão desde os anos 1980 sobre uma compreensão do meio/mídia que não é baseada na mídia de massa. Como disciplina, teve que se diferenciar de estudos de comunicação e literatura e de estudos culturais que se concentram em sistemas sociopolíticos e econômicos ou em sistemas de ordem simbólica. Neste artigo, defendo pelo menos três debates que levaram a outra maneira de pensar a mídia. O que é chamado de Teoria Alemã da Mídia consiste em uma virada para uma materialidade da comunicação, investiga a medialidade específica de um meio e analisa as funções do meio dentro das práticas e operações, em vez de tomar o meio como uma entidade fixa. Embora a Teoria Alemã da Mídia seja considerada um caminho especial adotado nos estudos de mídia, defendo que o debate sempre foi internacional e continua a desafiar os discursos existentes.
Numa encruzilhada, dois campos: a lágrima como meio nas experiências do sagrado e de luta política contracolonial do Rosário negro e do Ñembo’e Kaiowá
Authors: Oliveira Luciana de , Altivo Bárbara Regina
Published: October 2019

Como formas de vida, experienciadas na fronteira com o regime de visibilidade Ocidental-moderno e violentamente exterminadas por ele, realizam mediações comunicacionais afins às suas cosmologias como forma de afirmação política? Uma semente – conta de lágrima ou mboy em língua guarani –, usada nos rosários trançados sobre os corpos negros nos Reinados (expressão religiosa de matriz africana) e nos jeasaha sobre os corpos dos rezadores Kaiowá (em experiências xamânicas desse povo indígena), é meio de comunicação com antepassados, entidades sagradas e elementos que nos-sa filosofia chama de naturais. O artigo tem por objetivo presentificar, via experiências etnográficas, processos de comunicação multidimensionais e o sentido de meio em agenciamentos contracoloniais que fazem pensar sobre o tempo, o território e o relacional no campo da Comunicação.
O jornalismo enquanto objeto de estudo
Authors: Santos Pollyana Dourado
Published: October 2019

A pesquisa em questão trata-se de um exercício reflexivo sobre a apreensão do objeto de estudo do jornalismo em pesquisas que apresentam o jornalismo apenas como objeto empírico e delimitam sua teoria com conhecimentos de outras áreas do saber. O objetivo é realizar uma reflexão sobre o objeto de estudo do jornalismo em intersecção com o campo da comunicação e as múltiplas formas de como se tem trabalhado o jornalismo enquanto objeto empírico. O artigo trabalha com questões que discutem os problemas enfrentados pelas Teorias do Jornalismo, bem como as metodologias utilizadas para analisar o jornalismo enquanto objeto empírico e o silenciamento do jornalismo enquanto objeto de estudo.
Undrained shear strength of partially saturated sand in triaxial tests
Authors: Kamata Toshiyuki , Tsukamoto Yoshimichi , Ishihara Kenji
Published: October 2019

The undrained shear strength of partially saturated sand is examined based on a series of undrained triaxial compression and extension tests on Toyoura sand. The effects of partial saturation, density, and triaxial compression/extension modes are discussed in detail. The conditions of “flow” and “no flow” are categorised in terms of contractive and dilative behaviours. The threshold values of the undrained shear strength ratio dividing “flow” and “no flow” are found to be independent of the B-value and triaxial compression/extension modes. The empirical relations of the B-value against the initial state ratio rc and the undrained shear strength ratio Sus/p’c are discussed in detail.
Seismic loss estimation for efficient decision making
Authors: Bradley Brendon A. , Dhakal Rajesh P. , Cubrinovski Misko , MacRae Gregory A. , Lee Dominic S.
Published: October 2019

In order to incorporate seismic risk of facilities into a decision making framework, procedures are needed to quantify such risk for stakeholders. Seismic loss estimation methods combine seismic hazard, structural response, damage fragility, and damage consequences to allow quantification of seismic risk. This paper presents a loss estimation methodology which provides various measures of seismic risk for a specific facility. The methodology is component-based and can therefore distinguish between different structural configurations or different facility contents and is consistent with state-of-the-art loss assessment procedures. Loss is measured in the forms of direct structural and non-structural repair costs, and although not considered in the example, business disruption and occupant injuries can also be considered. This framework has been packaged in a computer code available for future dissemination in the public domain so that users need only to have a basic understanding of the methodology and the input data that is required. Discussion is given to the flexibility of the framework in terms of the rigour which can be employed at each of the main steps in the procedure. Via a case study of a high-rise office building, the use of the methodology in decision-making is illustrated. Methodological requirements and further research directions are discussed.
Accuracy and the Imps
Authors: Joyce James M. , Weatherson Brian ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: October 2019

Recently several authors have argued that accuracy-first epistemology ends up licensing problematic epistemic bribes. They charge that it is better, given the accuracy-first approach, to deliberately form one false belief if this will lead to forming many other true beliefs. We argue that this is not a consequence of the accuracy-first view. If one forms one false belief and a number of other true beliefs, then one is committed to many other false propositions, e.g., the conjunction of that false belief with any of the true beliefs. Once we properly account for all the falsehoods that are adopted by the person who takes the bribe, it turns out that the bribe does not increase accuracy.
Bridging the Intellectualist Divide
Authors: Navarro Jesús ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: October 2019

Gilbert Ryle famously denied that knowledge-how is a species of knowledge-that, a thesis that has been contested by so-called “intellectualists.” I begin by proposing a rearrangement of some of the concepts of this debate, and then I focus on Jason Stanley’s reading of Ryle’s position. I show that Ryle has been seriously misconstrued in this discussion, and then revise Ryle’s original arguments in order to show that the confrontation between intellectualists and anti-intellectualists may not be as insurmountable as it seems, at least in the case of Stanley, given that both contenders are motivated by their discontent with a conception of intelligent performances as the effect of intellectual hidden powers detached from practice.
Art i pedagogia
Authors: Sigalat Signes Enric
Published: October 2019

Reseña
Motor Clubs in the Public Arena: The Argentine Automobile Club, the Argentine Touring Club and the Construction of a National Roads System (1910–43)
Authors: Piglia Melina
Published: October 2019

The rapid spread of the automobile in the early twentieth century posed both challenges and promises to nation states. Before automobility became the object of public policies, this new mobility technology had to be socially perceived and constructed as belonging to the public sphere. Motorist associations played a decisive role in this process. This paper focuses on the Argentine Automobile Club (ACA) and the Argentine Touring Club (TCA), the two principal automobile clubs in the country and the largest ones in Latin America during the first half of the twentieth century. It argues that the ACA and TCA had a decisive influence during the 1920s in diagnosing and listing possible solutions to road and tourism challenges, and providing reference points for most of the road and tourism policies in the following decades. At the same time, both clubs actively helped to create a national network of roads through their participation in the planning agencies and made the new roadways accessible by signposting them and by providing petrol stations. Not least they formed and spread the new practices of road culture and automobility and, by organising sporting events, tours and rally drives and printing travel guides and maps, they contributed to the symbolic construction of the roads.
Building Carriage, Wagon and Motor Vehicle Bodies in the Netherlands: The 1900–40 Transition
Authors: Tai Sue-Yen Tjong Tjin
Published: October 2019

During the motorisation boom in the Netherlands in the 1920s, Dutch wagonmakers started making bodies for motorised utility vehicles. Prior to this, luxury carriage builders already had made the transition to production of automobiles or the bodies for these new vehicles. For wagonmakers, the decline in demand for their traditional business and farm wagon and carts began after World War I. However, the automobile industry created many opportunities for them as well. Archival information shows that the Dutch trade associations and government agency Rijksnijverheidsdienst, played a key role in the innovation and retraining process by building a network, stimulating wagonmakers to modernise and retrain, and by transferring and developing knowledge.
Tokyo's Elevated Expressway in the 1950s: Protest and Politics
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi
Published: October 2019

The Tokyo Expressway, opened to traffic in 1959, was constructed by a private company which has managed it ever since. It leases floor space underneath the road to shops and offices. Without concern for heritage, the motorway was built on land created by filling in sections of centuries-old canals. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government was responsible for this infilling; its prime concern about motorway construction seemed to be about profiteering. Local traders' opposition to the motorway forced the Metropolitan Government to conclude a conciliatory agreement mainly to save face. Consequently, for almost two years, the Tokyo Expressway was a thriving shopping centre which barely catered for motor traffic.
Biostratigraphic constraints of the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: new data from calcareous nannofossil investigations of Boreal and Tethyan sections
Authors: Visentin Stefano , Erba Elisabetta , Mutterlose Joerg
Published: October 2019

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy was carried out in Upper Pliensbachian – Lower Toarcian sediments, which cover the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) interval. In particular, semiquantitative analyses were performed on a total of 156 samples in the composite Sogno Core (Lombardy Basin, Southern Alps) representing a pelagic Tethyan section. Quantitative investigations were applied to additional 168 samples across the Amaltheenton Fm. and Posidonienschiefer Fm., from two cores of the Boreal Realm (Lower Saxony Basin, northern Germany). Primary and secondary events of the Tethyan and Boreal zonations were recognized, allowing the identifications of the NJT5, NJT6 nannofossil Zones for the Sogno Core and the NJ5, NJ6, NJ7 Zones for the German sections, respectively. The sequence of nannofossil biohorizons is generally consistent with data available for various areas at lower and higher latitudes, confirming their reproducibility and reliability for intra and inter-regional correlations. Geochemistry evidences the presence of the negative C isotopic excursion across the “Fish Level” black shale interval expression of the T-OAE in the Sogno Core. The same anomaly is recorded in the German successions at the base of the Posidonia Shale witnessing the passage from well oxygenated to predominantly anoxic conditions. Our results show that the T-OAE C isotopic excursion recorded in the Sogno Core is excellently constrained by the first occurrence (FO) of Carinolithus superbus at the onset and the last occurrence (LO) of Mitrolithus jansae at the end. A significant decrease in abundance and size of Schizosphaerella punctulata (the “S. punctulata crisis”) and an abundance drop of M. jansae further characterise the T-OAE perturbation. Only S. punctulata shows a recovery at the end of the T-OAE, while M. jansae barely survived the palaeoenviromental stress and disappeared soon after its termination. The extreme rareness of S. punctulata and the absence of M. jansae in the Boreal Realm prevent the recognition of the “S. punctulata crisis” and the M. jansae decline. Our study reveals the LO of Biscutum finchii together with the FO of C. superbus as an additional event approximating the onset of the C isotopic excursion exclusively in the German successions. Further events, such as the LOs of Biscutum grandis, Crepidolithus granulatus and Parhabdolithus liasicus are detected within the C isotopic anomaly exclusively in the German sections. Nannofossil biostratigraphy permits the effective dating and correlating of Early Jurassic major palaeoceanographic events and particularly of the T-OAE which are of a great importance to derive a definitive model for the Posidonia Shale deposition.
The tardigrade damage suppressor protein binds to nucleosomes and protects DNA from hydroxyl radicals
Authors: Chavez Carolina , Cruz-Becerra Grisel , Fei Jia , Kassavetis George A , Kadonaga James T
Published: October 2019

Tardigrades, also known as water bears, are animals that can survive extreme conditions. The tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus contains a unique nuclear protein termed Dsup, for damage suppressor, which can increase the resistance of human cells to DNA damage under conditions, such as ionizing radiation or hydrogen peroxide treatment, that generate hydroxyl radicals. Here we find that R. varieornatus Dsup is a nucleosome-binding protein that protects chromatin from hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, a Dsup ortholog from the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris similarly binds to nucleosomes and protects DNA from hydroxyl radicals. Strikingly, a conserved region in Dsup proteins exhibits sequence similarity to the nucleosome-binding domain of vertebrate HMGN proteins and is functionally important for nucleosome binding and hydroxyl radical protection. These findings suggest that Dsup promotes the survival of tardigrades under diverse conditions by a direct mechanism that involves binding to nucleosomes and protecting chromosomal DNA from hydroxyl radicals.
Adaptive thermal plasticity enhances sperm and egg performance in a model insect
Authors: Vasudeva Ramakrishnan , Sutter Andreas , Sales Kris , Dickinson Matthew E , Lumley Alyson J , Gage Matthew JG
Published: October 2019

Rising and more variable global temperatures pose a challenge for biodiversity, with reproduction and fertility being especially sensitive to heat. Here, we assessed the potential for thermal adaptation in sperm and egg function using Tribolium flour beetles, a warm-temperate-tropical insect model. Following temperature increases through adult development, we found opposing gamete responses, with males producing shorter sperm and females laying larger eggs. Importantly, this gamete phenotypic plasticity was adaptive: thermal translocation experiments showed that both sperm and eggs produced in warmer conditions had superior reproductive performance in warmer environments, and vice versa for cooler production conditions and reproductive environments. In warmer environments, gamete plasticity enabled males to double their reproductive success, and females could increase offspring production by one-third. Our results reveal exciting potential for sensitive but vital traits within reproduction to handle increasing and more variable thermal regimes in the natural environment.
Hemozoin produced by mammals confers heme tolerance
Authors: Pek Rini H , Yuan Xiaojing , Rietzschel Nicole , Zhang Jianbing , Jackson Laurie , Nishibori Eiji , Ribeiro Ana , Simmons William , Jagadeesh Jaya , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Alam Md Zahidul , Garrett Lisa , Haldar Malay , Ralle Martina , Phillips John D , Bodine David M , Hamza Iqbal
Published: October 2019

Free heme is cytotoxic as exemplified by hemolytic diseases and genetic deficiencies in heme recycling and detoxifying pathways. Thus, intracellular accumulation of heme has not been observed in mammalian cells to date. Here we show that mice deficient for the heme transporter SLC48A1 (also known as HRG1) accumulate over ten-fold excess heme in reticuloendothelial macrophage lysosomes that are 10 to 100 times larger than normal. Macrophages tolerate these high concentrations of heme by crystallizing them into hemozoin, which heretofore has only been found in blood-feeding organisms. SLC48A1 deficiency results in impaired erythroid maturation and an inability to systemically respond to iron deficiency. Complete heme tolerance requires a fully-operational heme degradation pathway as haplo insufficiency of HMOX1 combined with SLC48A1 inactivation causes perinatal lethality demonstrating synthetic lethal interactions between heme transport and degradation. Our studies establish the formation of hemozoin by mammals as a previously unsuspected heme tolerance pathway.
Interplay of disordered and ordered regions of a human small heat shock protein yields an ensemble of ‘quasi-ordered’ states
Authors: Clouser Amanda F , Baughman Hannah ER , Basanta Benjamin , Guttman Miklos , Nath Abhinav , Klevit Rachel E
Published: October 2019

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are nature’s ‘first responders’ to cellular stress, interacting with affected proteins to prevent their aggregation. Little is known about sHSP structure beyond its structured α-crystallin domain (ACD), which is flanked by disordered regions. In the human sHSP HSPB1, the disordered N-terminal region (NTR) represents nearly 50% of the sequence. Here, we present a hybrid approach involving NMR, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and modeling to provide the first residue-level characterization of the NTR. The results support a model in which multiple grooves on the ACD interact with specific NTR regions, creating an ensemble of ‘quasi-ordered’ NTR states that can give rise to the known heterogeneity and plasticity of HSPB1. Phosphorylation-dependent interactions inform a mechanism by which HSPB1 is activated under stress conditions. Additionally, we examine the effects of disease-associated NTR mutations on HSPB1 structure and dynamics, leveraging our emerging structural insights.
Power analysis
Authors: Raman Indira M
Published: October 2019

After acknowledging that power differentials exist, can scientists find inspiration to persevere anyway?
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Homocoupling of Weakly Coordinating Sulfoxonium Ylides via C−H Activation/Annulations: Synthesis of Functionalized Isocoumarins
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Dong , Peng Zhen , Wang He , Wang Zhao‐Hui , Hao Da‐Jin , Li Lei
Published: September 2019

Homocoupling of weakly coordinating sulfoxonium ylides was accomplished via ruthenium (II) catalyzed C−H activation process. This strategy provides a convenient, efficient and step‐economic method to access 3‐substituted isocoumarins with good functional group tolerance. The sulfoxonium ylide acts both as the convenient aromatic substrate and the acylmethylation reagent in this transformation. Moreover, the products could be transformed to diverse valuable derivatives.

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Intracellular Delivery of Exogenous Macromolecules into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Double Deformation of the Plasma Membrane
Authors: Modaresi Saman , Pacelli Settimio , Subham Siddharth , Dathathreya Kavya , Paul Arghya
Published: October 2019

Physical techniques for intracellular delivery of exogeneous materials offer an attractive strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of stem cells. However, these methods are currently limited by poor delivery efficiency as well as cytotoxic effects. Here, a high throughput microfluidic device is designed for efficient (≈85%) cytosolic delivery of exogenous macromolecules with minimal cell death (less than 10%). The designed microfluidic device enables the generation of transient pores as the cells pass through the micron‐sized constrictions (6–10 µm) leading to the passive diffusion of extracellular cargos into the cell cytosol. Specifically, the microfluidic system is designed to induce a double deformation on the cell membrane at the squeezing zones to maximize intracellular delivery. Additionally, the flow rate, ionic concentration, and the molecular weight of the cargo are optimized for maximum efficiency. The optimized device enables cytosolic diffusion of small (3 kDa) and large molecules (70 kDa) without inducing any apoptotic effect. Overall, this double cell deformation platform offers new opportunities to rapidly and efficiently deliver extracellular cargo into stem cells without affecting their viability and functionality.
Evolution and Synthesis of Carbon Dots: From Carbon Dots to Carbonized Polymer Dots
Authors: Xia Chunlei , Zhu Shoujun , Feng Tanglue , Yang Mingxi , Yang Bai
Published: October 2019

Despite the various synthesis methods to obtain carbon dots (CDs), the bottom‐up methods are still the most widely administrated route to afford large‐scale and low‐cost synthesis. However, as CDs are developed with increasing reports involved in producing many CDs, the structure and property features have changed enormously compared with the first generation of CDs, raising classification concerns. To this end, a new classification of CDs, named carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), is summarized according to the analysis of structure and property features. Here, CPDs are revealed as an emerging class of CDs with distinctive polymer/carbon hybrid structures and properties. Furthermore, deep insights into the effects of synthesis on the structure/property features of CDs are provided. Herein, the synthesis methods of CDs are also summarized in detail, and the effects of synthesis conditions of the bottom‐up methods in terms of the structures and properties of CPDs are discussed and analyzed comprehensively. Insights into formation process and nucleation mechanism of CPDs are also offered. Finally, a perspective of the future development of CDs is proposed with critical insights into facilitating their potential in various application fields.
Sunlight‐Triggerable Transient Energy Harvester and Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using Acid‐Sensitive Poly(phthalaldehyde)
Authors: Wu Changsheng , Jiang Jisu , Guo Hengyu , Pu Xianjie , Liu Lisha , Ding Wenbo , Kohl Paul A. , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: October 2019

Transient electronics that disintegrate via material dissolution or depolymerization under certain stimuli have great potential in biomedical and military applications. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), an emerging mechanical energy harvesting technology with great flexibility in material choices, is promising in offering transient power sources. Previously reported transient energy harvesters using biodegradable polymers require solution‐based degradation and have limited applications in non‐biological scenarios. A short time span, sunlight‐triggered degradable TENG is developed. The main substrate includes an acid‐sensitive poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPHA), a photoacid generator (PAG), and a photosensitizer (PS). Through photo‐induced electron transfer, the ultraviolet radiation absorbed by the PS is transferred to the PAG to generate photoacids that trigger the depolymerization of PPHA. Transient TENG‐based mechanical energy harvesters and touch/acoustic sensors are successfully demonstrated by embedding silver nanowires onto the PPHA‐based films. The fabricated devices degrade rapidly under winter sunlight. The degradation rate can be further tuned via changing the ratio of photosensitive agents. This work not only broadens the applicability of TENG as transient power sources and sensors, but also extends the use of transient functional polymers toward advanced energy and sensing applications.
Efficient Navigation of Colloidal Robots in an Unknown Environment via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Yang Yuguang , Bevan Michael A. , Li Bo
Published: October 2019

Equipping micro‐/nanoscale colloidal robots with artificial intelligence (AI) such that they can efficiently navigate in unknown complex environments can dramatically impact their use in emerging applications such as precision surgery and targeted nanodrug delivery. Herein, a model‐free deep reinforcement learning algorithm is developed that trains colloidal robots to efficiently navigate in unknown environments with random obstacles. A deep neural network architecture is used that enables the colloidal robots to mimic animal navigation decision‐making by directly processing raw sensor input and decomposing long‐range navigations to short‐range ones. The trained robot agents learn to make navigation decisions regarding both obstacle avoidance and travel time minimization, based solely on local sensory inputs without prior knowledge of the global environment. Such agents with biologically inspired mechanisms can acquire competitive navigation capabilities in large‐scale, complex environments containing obstacles of diverse shapes, sizes, and configurations. Herein, the potential of AI to enable colloidal robots in extensive applications is illustrated.
Metal‐Free, One‐Pot Oxidative Triple Functionalization of Azaarenes with Methyl Arenes Mediated by Molecular Iodine/TBHP: Synthesis of N‐Benzylated Iodo(iso)quinolinones
Authors: Shantharjun Bangarigalla , Rajeswari Radhakrishnan , Vani Damera , Unnava Ramanjaneyulu , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy Kallu Rajender
Published: October 2019

An efficient metal‐free one‐pot triple functionalization of azaarenes has been developed via a successive regioselective iodination, N‐benzylation and amidation by using readily available methylarenes in presence of molecular iodine and TBHP. This method avoids the use of expensive noble metal catalysts and multi‐step conversions. Moreover, we have shown the synthetic utility of the iodo functionality with traditional cross‐coupling reactions (like Suzuki, Heck and Sonogashira) and the corresponding products were obtained in good yields.
The Effects of an Impurity in an Ising‐XXZ Diamond Chain on Thermal Entanglement, on Quantum Coherence, and on Quantum Teleportation
Authors: Freitas Marcos , Filgueiras Cleverson , Rojas Moises
Published: October 2019

The effects of an impurity plaquette on the thermal quantum correlations measurement by the concurrence, on quantum coherence quantified by the recently proposed l1‐norm of coherence and on quantum teleportation in a Ising‐ diamond chain are discussed. Such an impurity is formed by the interaction between the interstitial Heisenberg dimers and the nearest‐neighbor Ising coupling between the nodal and interstitial spins. All the interaction parameters are different from those of the rest of the chain. By tailoring them, quantum entanglement and quantum coherence can be controlled and tuned. Therefore, the quantum resources—thermal entanglement and quantum coherence—of the model exhibit a clear performance improvement in comparison to the original model without impurities. It is demonstrated that quantum teleportation can be tuned by its inclusion. Thermal teleportation is modified in a significant way as well, and a strong increase in the average fidelity is observed. The exact solution is furnished by the use of the transfer‐matrix method.
Supported Catalytically Active Supramolecular Hydrogels for Continuous Flow Chemistry
Authors: Rodon Fores Jennifer , Criado‐Gonzalez Miryam , Chaumont Alain , Carvalho Alain , Blanck Christian , Schmutz Marc , Serra Christophe A. , Boulmedais F. , Schaaf Pierre , Jierry Loïc
Published: October 2019

Inspired by biology, one current goal in supramolecular chemistry is to control the emergence of new functionalities arising from the self‐assembly of molecules. In particular, some peptides can self‐assemble and generate exceptionally catalytically active fibrous networks able to underpin hydrogels. Unfortunately, the mechanical fragility of these materials is incompatible with process developments, relaying this exciting field to academic curiosity. Here, we show that this drawback can be circumvented by enzyme‐assisted self‐assembly of peptides initiated at the walls of a supporting porous material. We applied this strategy to grow an esterase‐like catalytically active supramolecular hydrogel (CASH) in an open‐cell polymer foam, filling the whole interior space. Our supported CASH material is highly efficient towards inactivated esters and enables the kinetic resolution of racemates. This hybrid material is robust enough to be used in continuous flow reactors, and is reusable and stable over months.
Oxysulfid‐Halbleiter für die photokatalytische Wasserspaltung mit sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Wang Xinchen
Published: October 2019

Die photokatalytische Wasserspaltung durch sulfidbasierte Materialien ist eine große Herausforderung, da diese Materialien eine geringe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Oxidation durch Elektronenlöcher aufweisen. In einer aktuellen Studie entwickelten Domen und Mitarbeiter eine innovative Strategie zur Stabilisierung von sulfidbasierten Photokatalysatoren, indem sie S 3p‐ mit O 2p‐Orbitalen hybridisierten, um Oxysulfide mit stabilem S2− herzustellen. Die weitere Oberflächenbehandlung der Oxysulfide mit dualen Cokatalysatoren fördert Ladungsabscheidung und Grenzflächentransfer und vermindert so den Aufbau von Ladung, was die Photokorrosion hemmt. Der pH‐Wert des Reaktionsgemischs ist ein entscheidender Parameter für die effiziente stöchiometrische H2‐ und O2‐Entwicklung durch diese Oxysulfid‐Photokatalysatoren.
Understanding the pH Dependence of Underpotential Deposited Hydrogen on Platinum
Authors: Yang Xuan , Nash Jared , Oliveira Nicholas , Yan Yushan , Xu Bingjun
Published: October 2019

Understanding the pH dependent shift of the oxidation peak of the underpotential deposited hydrogen (Hupd) in cyclic voltammograms on the Pt surface is of significance in terms of both the fundamentals of electrochemistry and the rational design of catalysts for the hydrogen oxidation/evolution reactions (HOR/HER). In this work, we provide compelling evidence that the pH dependent shift in the Hupdpeak on Pt surfaces is driven by the structure of interfacial water rather than the specific adsorption of cations on the electrode surface. Combined cyclic voltammetric and surface enhanced spectroscopic investigations using an organic cation and crown‐ether chelated alkali metal cations show that specific adsorption of metal and organic cations on the Pt surface at the conditions relevant to the HOR/HER is unlikely. The vibrational band corresponding to strongly bound water is monitored when the electrode potential is varied in the Hupdrange in both acid and base.
Solvent‐resistant polymeric microfiltration membranes based on oxidized electrospun poly(arylene sulfide sulfone) nanofibers
Authors: Liu Zhenyan , Wei Zhimei , Long Shengru , Wang Xiaojun , Yang Jie
Published: October 2019

Polymeric membranes have been widely used in the separation of aqueous system, but there were few studies on the organic solvent‐resistant microfiltration (MF) membranes. In this study, organic solvent‐resistant oxidized poly(arylene sulfide sulfone)‐6 (O‐PASS‐6) nanofibrous MF membrane with high water flux was prepared through electrospun technology, cold‐press, and oxidation treatment. The O‐PASS‐6 nanofibrous MF membrane was made from the interwoven electrospun uniformly 295 nm nanofibers, and the mean pore size was 0.44 μm. The morphology, chemical structure, and aggregation structure of O‐PASS‐6 nanofibrous MF membrane were characterized systematically by the scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. Investigations on the weight loss, swelling ratio, and microstructure change all revealed that the O‐PASS‐6 membrane had superior stability in strong polar solvents, such as 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI), dimethylformamide (DMF), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). MF performance results showed that the pure water flux of O‐PASS‐6 nanofibrous membrane was up to 753.34 L·m−2·h−1, and the rejection ratio was 99.9% to 0.2 μm particles. More importantly, after treated by aggressive solvents, the membranes still possessed good MF performance: the water flux was 770.08, 775.66, and 766.36 L·m−2·h−1 when soaked in DMI, DMF, and THF for 7 days, respectively, and high rejection ratio also maintained (>99%) for both particles investigated. The O‐PASS‐6 membrane with good solvent resistance proved to be a promising candidate as a prefiltration membrane to eliminate submicron particles in both sewage and aggressive solvents. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48506.
Weathering performance of waterborne acrylic coating systems on flat‐pressed wood–plastic composites
Authors: Durmaz Sefa , Özgenç Özlem , Avci Erkan , Hakki Boyaci İsmail
Published: October 2019

This study applied coating systems containing two different waterborne acrylic resins with an ultraviolet (UV) absorber on the surfaces of polyvinyl chloride‐based flat‐pressed wood–plastic composites (WPCs) evaluated and the effects of waterborne acrylic coating on the performance of WPCs in outdoor conditions. The results showed that waterborne acrylic coating systems enhanced the surface quality of WPC. The decrease in flexural strength was found to reach up to 22%, while it was about 25% for modulus. The color changes on the surface decreased by 55% as a result of the UV absorbability of the coating systems. Moreover, the chemical changes in the composites were found to be almost nonexistent in the attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for WPCs coated with both formulations. The light microscopy images revealed that the coating systems minimized deformation on the surface. In comparison to the control samples, it was seen that the surface roughness of the WPC was also improved by using waterborne acrylic coating systems. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48518.
Effect of thermal shock cycling on the quasi‐static and dynamic flexural properties of flax fabric‐epoxy matrix laminates
Authors: Kollia Alexandra , Kontaxis Lykourgos Chrysostomos , Papanicolaou George Christopher , Zaoutsos Stefanos P.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the present work is to investigate the influence of thermal shock cycling on the quasi‐static and dynamic flexural properties of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with natural flax fibers fabric. Polymer composite laminates reinforced with four plies of natural flax fiber fabric have been manufactured. The samples have been exposed to different number of thermal shock cycles (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400), at a temperature range from −40 °C to +28 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests were performed on both pristine and thermally shocked specimens in order to determine their viscoelastic response. Due to the thermal shock cycling and after 100 thermal shock cycles, a maximum decrease in storage and loss modulus on the order of 50% was observed. After 100 thermal shock cycles, no further degradation of dynamic properties was observed. On the contrary, damping factor and glass transition temperature values showed a minor variation as number of thermal shock cycles increased. In addition, the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) was successfully applied, confirming the fact that the flax fiber fabric‐epoxy laminate is a thermo‐rheologically simple material. Likewise, quasi‐static three‐point bending tests were executed and a maximum decrease of 20% in flexural strength was observed after 400 thermal shock cycles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48529.