bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caught in the Deviation Trap. On the Fallacies of the Study of Party-Based Euroscepticism
Authors: Kratochvíl Petr , Kný Daniel
Published: December 2015

Although Euroscepticism as a scholarly term seems to be indispensable in European studies today, we argue that the current approaches to party-based Euroscepticism are in need of reformulation. This is so mainly because students of party-based Euroscepticism mistakenly construe the term as a deviation from the essentialized integration mainstream. While the study of Euroscepticism has also developed in alternative directions, these innovative approaches have only created additional problems: either the redefinition of Euroscepticism leads to more substantive definitions, but also to the denial of the temporal and spatial diversity of Euroscepticism, or the redefinition results in creating new typologies, but these typologies only reproduce the old pattern of deviation vs. the norm on a different level. This critical literature review article concludes by briefly outlining the steps which would redress the situation and which consist of a radical contextualization of Euroscepticism(s).
Smart Starts: Creating Meaningful Play Programming
Authors: Ericson Bari
Published: December 2015

How many “golden moments” have you had at your library this week?You know what I mean . . . Dad and Sam discussing how to make their block structure stronger, or Nanny and Emma creating a puppet play intermixing two languages, or Grandma and Parker fitting together puzzle pieces while conversing about words starting with “M.”How can you create an environment at your library to expand the opportunities for these golden moments? By creating intentional, educational play programming at your library.
The Young Engineers Project: One Library’s Collaboration to Foster Fun and Literacy
Authors: Walsh Shawn D. , Little Melanie A.
Published: December 2015

It started with a phone call from Jovette Hiltunen, director of Teaching and Learning at the Lake County Educational Service Center in Painesville, Ohio, in the fall of 2012, and, unfortunately, it appears to have ended when the money ran out from the grant in the summer of 2014. However, it was an amazing experience, and the kids we worked with touched our hearts. We are so proud of our young engineers.
Little Free Libraries: A Call for Research into the Tiny Book Depositories
Authors: Snow Marianne
Published: December 2015

One day, as I was leaving my favorite local bookstore, I noticed an odd structure rising out of the sidewalk. Resembling a large birdhouse, it was decorated with bottle caps and contained a small collection of books. Glancing down, I noticed a small sign bearing the name “Little Free Library,” and, since it was cute, I took a picture of the structure and went about my business. I didn’t think much about this brief encounter until a few days later when I noticed a similar construction in front of a bank. By now, I was intrigued and Googled the name as soon as I got home. As it turns out, these small book depositories are cropping up all over in all fifty states and across six continents.
Kultūrinės veiklos centrai tarpukario Lietuvoje: šaulių namai – tautos namai
Authors: Jokubauskas Vytautas
Published: December 2015

Straipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos šaulių sąjungos šaulių namų kūrimo idėjos genezė. Atskleidžiamos šaulių namų statybų ir kūrimo aplinkybės, jų reikšmė kultūrinei LŠS veiklai tarpukariu. Nagrinėjama termino šaulių namai viešajame diskurse semantika, koks buvo šaulių namų praktinis pritaikymas, kokią įtaką šaulių kultūrinei veiklai darė kitų šalių, ypač čekų „Sokol“ organizacijos, pavyzdžiai. Šaulių namų kaip kultūros židinių tinklas Lietuvoje lyginamas su kitų valstybių paramilitarinėmis organizacijomis.
Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga valstybės gynyboje XX a. 4-ajame dešimtmetyje: šaulių parengtis karinėms užduotims vykdyti
Authors: Vaičenonis Jonas
Published: December 2015

Per pirmąjį XXI a. dešimtmetį lietuvių istoriografijoje yra įrodyta, kad pokario antisovietinės rezistencijos metu ženklų vaidmenį atliko šauliai. Natūralu, kad didžioji dalis jų karinių ir organizacinių gebėjimų formavosi Lietuvos šaulių sąjungos veiklos metais taikos metu, t. y. XX a. 4-ajame dešimtmetyje, kai vyko intensyvus kariuomenės modernizavimo ir reformavimo bei Lietuvos šaulių sąjungos integracijos į valstybės gynybos sistemą procesas. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti šaulių parengties karinėms užduotims vykdyti raidą, keliant hipotezę, kad įvairiuose mokymuose įgyta kovinė patirtis ne tik galėjo, bet ir turėjo būti panaudota 1944  m. prasidėjusio partizaninio karo Lietuvoje metu.
Outcomes of Living Kidney Donors with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Thongprayoon Charat , Ungprasert Patompong , Erickson Stephen B.
Published: December 2015

Background—

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to have reduced kidney function develop over time. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and safety outcomes of living kidney donors with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods—

A retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral hospital to assess the outcomes of living kidney donors with rheumatoid arthritis. All 6 adults with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent nephrectomy as living kidney donors between January 2000 and September 2014 were included. Eighteen nondonors with rheumatoid arthritis (3 nondonors per donor) were randomly selected for comparison by matching the year of birth and comorbidity score.

Results—

None of the donors with rheumatoid arthritis had a flare-up of arthritis at a median follow-up time of 5.9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.1–7.5 years), while 5 (27.8%) nondonors with rheumatoid arthritis had a flare-up at a median follow-up time of 4.7 years (IQR, 3.1–6.7 years). After nephrectomy, donors' estimated glomerular filtration rate decreased to a mean of 43.53 (SD, 4) mL/min per 1.73 m2 at 7 days after the index date. The estimated glomerular filtration rate of donors subsequently increased significantly at rate of 3.99 mL/min per 1.73 m2 ( P< .001). None of the donors with rheumatoid arthritis had end-stage renal disease develop or died at median follow-up times of 5.9 (IQR, 3.1–7.5) years and 8.2 (IQR, 5.8–9.7) years, respectively.

Conclusion—

Healthy kidney donors with rheumatoid arthritis have good outcomes, with no increased risk of decline in renal function, end-stage renal disease, or death.
Mathematical modeling of the West Africa Ebola epidemic
Authors: Chretien Jean-Paul , Riley Steven , George Dylan B
Published: December 2015

As of November 2015, the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that began in West Africa in late 2013 is waning. The human toll includes more than 28,000 EVD cases and 11,000 deaths in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, the most heavily-affected countries. We reviewed 66 mathematical modeling studies of the EVD epidemic published in the peer-reviewed literature to assess the key uncertainties models addressed, data used for modeling, public sharing of data and results, and model performance. Based on the review, we suggest steps to improve the use of modeling in future public health emergencies.
Mouse V1 population correlates of visual detection rely on heterogeneity within neuronal response patterns
Authors: Montijn Jorrit S , Goltstein Pieter M , Pennartz Cyriel MA
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of the primary sensory cortex for the detection, discrimination, and awareness of visual stimuli, but it is unknown how neuronal populations in this area process detected and undetected stimuli differently. Critical differences may reside in the mean strength of responses to visual stimuli, as reflected in bulk signals detectable in functional magnetic resonance imaging, electro-encephalogram, or magnetoencephalography studies, or may be more subtly composed of differentiated activity of individual sensory neurons. Quantifying single-cell Ca2+ responses to visual stimuli recorded with in vivo two-photon imaging, we found that visual detection correlates more strongly with population response heterogeneity rather than overall response strength. Moreover, neuronal populations showed consistencies in activation patterns across temporally spaced trials in association with hit responses, but not during nondetections. Contrary to models relying on temporally stable networks or bulk signaling, these results suggest that detection depends on transient differentiation in neuronal activity within cortical populations.
Low temperature fabrication of metal oxide thin film transistors formed by a heated aqueous precursor solution
Authors: Lee Keun Ho , Han Sun Woong , Park Jee Ho , Yoo Young Bum , Lee Se Jong , Baik Hong Koo , Song Kie Moon
Published: December 2015

We introduce an easy process for the fabrication of solution-processed indium oxide (InO) thin film transistors (TFTs) by heating a precursor solution. InO TFTs fabricated from solutions of an InO precursor heated at 90 °C had the highest mobility of 4.61 cm2 V−1 s−1 after being annealed at 200 °C. When the InO precursor solution is heated, HNO3 may be thermally evaporated in the InO precursor solution. Nitrogen atoms can disrupt hydrolysis and condensation reactions. An InO thin film deposited from a solution of the heated InO precursor is advantageous for hydrolysis and condensation reactions due to the absence of nitrogen atoms.
From graphene to carbon nanotube: The oxygen effect on the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials on nickel foil during CVD process
Authors: Chou Yu-Ching , Wu Hsuan-Chung , Hsieh Chien-Kuo
Published: December 2015

In this study, we demonstrated an oxygen-assisted ultralow-pressure (20 mTorr) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, including multilayer graphene (MLG), double-layer graphene (DLG), single-layer graphene (SLG), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a Ni foil substrate. Oxygen is typically considered undesirable to synthesize carbon nanomaterials during the CVD process. However, our study provided evidence demonstrating that the growth of MLG, DLG, SLG, and CNTs can be maintained by adjusting the oxygen concentration during the CVD process; it also provided an easy way in controlling the layer of graphene. It was observed that oxygen played an important role in controlling the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials.
Avaliadores, autores e informações editoriais
Authors: Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti dos
Published: December 2015

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Budgeting practices: a study on Brazilian hotel companies
Authors: Souza Paula de , Lunkes Rogério João
Published: December 2015

This study aims to explore the budgeting practices in the hotel companies of Brazil’s main tourist centers. The justification is oriented by the number of foreign tourists received by the top ten Brazilian tourist destinations, which reaches 95% of the country. Another motivation is the lack of research on hotel companies in developing countries, and it should also be considered that Brazil will host the World Cup in 2014 and the Olympic Games in 2016, which requires a suitable hotel structure to receive a large number of athletes and tourists. Thus, in order to achieve the purpose of this study, surveys were sent to the hotels associated with the Brazilian Association of the Hotel Industry (ABIH), with replies by 40 hotel companies. Descriptive statistics were applied to the results, in order to improve the basis for discussions. The results indicate that most of the hotels adopt corporate budgeting with bottom-up as main budgeting process. Research shows that budgets are developed, more frequently, using the results from previous years and economic indicators. In the performance evaluation, the comparative analysis, the analysis of the causes of deviations and adequacy measures are often applied. The analysis of variance is primarily directed at controlling costs/expenses, identifying potential problems and providing feedback for the next period.
Eventos e megaeventos: ócio e negócio no turismo
Authors: Paiva Ricardo Alexandre
Published: December 2015

A promoção de eventos e megaeventos mobiliza simultaneamente, de forma concatenada ou não, práticas de ócio e negócio, que são capturadas pela atividade turística como estímulo para a reprodução do capitalismo, pela quantidade de outras atividades que engrena (primário, secundário e terciário), colocando a arquitetura e a cidade como protagonistas no desenvolvimento urbano contemporâneo. Nesta direção, o artigo analisa a articulação dos eventos e megaeventos à provisão de infraestruturas urbanas e edilícias e à construção da imagem turística dos lugares, motivadas por atividades de ócio e negócio. Os procedimentos metodológicos possuem caráter teórico e exploratório e tem pretensões multidisciplinares. Para tanto, serão discutidos em uma perspectiva histórica os conceitos de ócio e negócio como atividades propulsoras de deslocamentos e viagens; na sequência serão delimitados aproximações e diferenças entre o turismo de eventos e de negócios, adentrando em seguida nas distinções entre eventos e megaeventos, ressaltando a complexidade e o protagonismo deste último como um dos principais sintomas da globalização; finalmente serão apresentados os desdobramentos espaciais na escala da arquitetura e da cidade na realização dos (mega)eventos, bem como a sua repercussão na imagem da cidade. Como síntese, é importante atentar que os desdobramentos espaciais do turismo de negócios, de eventos e dos megaeventos se manifestam em várias escalas e com diferentes níveis de complexidade, revelando as potencialidades e/ou fragilidades dos lugares. O planejamento urbano, a arquitetura e o urbanismo são importantes objetos do conhecimento e de intervenção espacial para garantir infraestruturas e estruturas urbanas e edilícias adequadas à realização de eventos, que devem ser sensíveis às demandas de turistas e das comunidades receptoras.
Neodymium isotope constraints on provenance, dispersal, and climate‐driven supply of Zambezi sediments along the Mozambique Margin during the past ∼45,000 years
Authors: van der Lubbe H. J. L. , Frank Martin , Tjallingii Rik , Schneider Ralph R.
Published: December 2015

Marine sediments deposited off the Zambezi River that drains a considerable part of the southeast African continent provide continuous records of the continental climatic and environmental conditions. Here we present time series of neodymium (Nd) isotope signatures of the detrital sediment fraction during the past ∼45,000 years, to reconstruct climate‐driven changes in the provenance of clays deposited along the Mozambique Margin. Coherent with the surface current regime, the Nd isotope distribution in surface sediments reveals mixing of the alongshore flowing Zambezi suspension load with sediments supplied by smaller rivers located further north. To reconstruct past changes in sediment provenances, Nd isotope signatures of clays that are not significantly fractionated during weathering processes have been obtained from core 64PE304‐80, which was recovered just north of the Zambezi mouth at 1329 m water depth. Distinctly unradiogenic clay signatures (ɛNd values <−14.2) are found during the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, and Younger Dryas. In contrast, the Nd isotope record shows higher, more radiogenic isotope signatures during Marine Isotope Stage 3 and between ∼15 and ∼5 ka BP, the latter coinciding with the timing of the northern hemisphere African Humid Period. The clay‐sized sediment fraction with the least radiogenic Nd isotope signatures was deposited during the Holocene, when the adjacent Mozambique Shelf became completely flooded. In general, the contribution of the distinctly unradiogenic Zambezi suspension load has followed the intensity of precession‐forced monsoonal precipitation and enhanced during periods of increased southern hemisphere insolation and high‐latitude northern hemispheric climate variability.
Seismicity distribution and locking depth along the Main Marmara Fault, Turkey
Authors: Schmittbuhl J. , Karabulut H. , Lengliné O. , Bouchon M.
Published: December 2015

The seismicity along the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) below the Marmara Sea is analyzed during the 2007–2012 period to provide insights on the recent evolution of this important regional seismic gap. High precision locations show that seismicity is strongly varying along strike and depth providing fine details of the fault behavior that are inaccessible from geodetic observations. The activity strongly clusters at the regions of transition between basins. The Central basin shows significant seismicity located below the shallow locking depth inferred from GPS measurements. Its b‐value is low and the average seismic slip is high. All observations are consistent with a deep creep of this segment. On the contrary, the Kumburgaz basin at the center of the fault shows sparse seismicity with the hallmarks of a locked segment. In the eastern Marmara Sea, the seismicity distribution along the Princes Island segment in the Cinarcik basin, is consistent with the geodetic locking depth of 10 km and a low contribution to the regional seismic energy release. The assessment of the locked segment areas provide an estimate of the magnitude of the main forthcoming event to be about 7.3 assuming that the rupture will not enter significantly within creeping domains.
Italian and Alpine three‐dimensional crustal structure imaged by ambient‐noise surface‐wave dispersion
Authors: Molinari I. , Verbeke J. , Boschi L. , Kissling E. , Morelli A.
Published: December 2015

We derive the 3‐D crustal structure (S wave velocity) underneath Italy and the Alpine region, expanding and exploiting the database of ambient noise Rayleigh‐wave phase‐ and group‐velocity of Verbeke et al. (2012). We first complement the database of Verbeke et al. (2012) with a dense set of new ambient‐noise‐based phase‐velocity observations. We next conduct a suite of linear least squares inversion of both phase‐ and group‐velocity data, resulting in 2‐D maps of Rayleigh‐wave phase and group velocity at periods between 5 and 37 s. At relatively short periods, these maps clearly reflect the surface geology of the region, e.g., low velocity zones at the Po Plain; at longer periods, deeper structures such as Moho topography under Alps and Apennines, and lower‐crust anomalies are revealed. Our phase‐ and group‐velocity models are next inverted via the Neighbourhood Algorithm to determine a set of one‐dimensional shear‐velocity models (one per phase/group‐velocity pixel), resulting in a new three‐dimensional model of shear velocity (vS) parameterized in the same way as the European reference crustal model EPcrust. We also show how well vS is constrained by phase and group dispersion curves. The model shows the low velocity area beneath the Po Plain and the Molasse basin; the contrast between the low‐velocity crust of the Adriatic domain and the high‐velocity crust of the Tyrrhenian domain is clearly seen, as well as an almost uniform crystalline crust beneath the Alpine belt. Our results are discussed from the geological/geodynamical standpoint, and compared to those of other, interdisciplinary studies.
Predicted slowdown in the rate of Atlantic sea ice loss
Authors: Yeager Stephen G. , Karspeck Alicia R. , Danabasoglu Gokhan
Published: December 2015

Coupled climate models initialized from historical climate states and subject to anthropogenic forcings can produce skillful decadal predictions of sea surface temperature change in the subpolar North Atlantic. The skill derives largely from initialization, which improves the representation of slow changes in ocean circulation and associated poleward heat transport. We show that skillful predictions of decadal trends in Arctic winter sea ice extent are also possible, particularly in the Atlantic sector. External radiative forcing contributes to the skill of retrospective decadal sea ice predictions, but the spatial and temporal accuracy is greatly enhanced by the more realistic representation of ocean heat transport anomalies afforded by initialization. Recent forecasts indicate that a spin‐down of the thermohaline circulation that began near the turn of the century will continue, and this will result in near‐neutral decadal trends in Atlantic winter sea ice extent in the coming years, with decadal growth in select regions.
Continuous subsidence in the Thingvellir rift graben, Iceland: Geodetic observations since 1967 compared to rheological models of plate spreading
Authors: Islam Md. Tariqul , Sturkell Erik , LaFemina Peter , Geirsson Halldór , Sigmundsson Freysteinn , Ólafsson Halldór
Published: December 2015

North America‐Eurasia relative plate motion across the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge in south Iceland is partitioned between overlapping ridge segments, the Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ) and the Eastern Volcanic Zone. The Thingvellir graben, a 4.7 km wide graben, lies along the central axis of the WVZ and has subsided >35 m during the Holocene. An ~8 km long leveling profile across the graben indicates a subsidence rate of ~1 mm yr−1 from 1990 to 2007, relative to the first (westernmost) benchmark. Modeled GPS velocities from 1994 to 2003 estimate a spreading rate of 6.7 ± 0.5 mm yr−1 or 35% of the full plate motion rate and up to 6.0 mm yr−1 subsidence. The combined geodetic observations show that the deformation zone is 10 times wider than the graben width. We utilize these geodetic observations to test the effects of ridge thermal structure on the kinematics across divergent boundaries. We apply a nonlinear rheology, thermomechanical model implemented in a finite element model. A 700°C isotherm is applied for the brittle to ductile transition in the crust, representing a dry olivine rheology. We adjust the depth of this isotherm to solve for the best fit model. The best fit model indicates that the 700°C isotherm is at 8 km depth below the ridge axis, which results in an average thermal gradient of 87.5°C km−1 in the upper crust. The thermomechanical model predicts a subsidence rate of 4 mm yr−1, comparable to our geodetic observations.
Meteotsunami occurrences and causes in Lake Michigan
Authors: Bechle Adam J. , Kristovich David A. R. , Wu Chin H.
Published: December 2015

The occurrence of meteotsunamis in Lake Michigan is quantified at 10 locations from up to 20 years of historical water level records. Meteotsunami height data are fit with Pareto Type 1 and Generalized Pareto Distributions to estimate exceedance probabilities. The annual meteotsunami return level exceeds 0.25 m at all but two stations, with the largest annual return level of 0.62 m at Calumet Harbor. Analysis of radar imagery indicates that Lake Michigan meteotsunamis are associated primarily with convective storm structures, with a considerable contribution from frontal storms as well. Meteotsunami association with convective storm structures is more prevalent in southern Lake Michigan while frontal storm structures have a greater association with meteotsunamis in northern Lake Michigan. Water depths in southern Lake Michigan are conducive to Proudman resonance with convective storms while the northern Lake Michigan is too deep to meet Proudman resonance criteria, suggesting Greenspan edge wave resonance as the likely generation mechanism. Interestingly, meteotsunami events occur primarily in the late spring and early summer, approximately 1 month before the peak convective storm season but after the peak cyclone season. Overall, this statistical analysis provides valuable insight into the spatial and temporal trends in meteotsunami occurrence in Lake Michigan needed to estimate the risk posed by these dangerous coastal hazards.
On the variability of the Priestley‐Taylor coefficient over water bodies
Authors: Assouline Shmuel , Li Dan , Tyler Scott , Tanny Josef , Cohen Shabtai , Bou‐Zeid Elie , Parlange Marc , Katul Gabriel G.
Published: December 2015

Deviations in the Priestley‐Taylor (PT) coefficient αPT from its accepted 1.26 value are analyzed over large lakes, reservoirs, and wetlands where stomatal or soil controls are minimal or absent. The data sets feature wide variations in water body sizes and climatic conditions. Neither surface temperature nor sensible heat flux variations alone, which proved successful in characterizing αPT variations over some crops, explain measured deviations in αPT over water. It is shown that the relative transport efficiency of turbulent heat and water vapor is key to explaining variations in αPT over water surfaces, thereby offering a new perspective over the concept of minimal advection or entrainment introduced by PT. Methods that allow the determination of αPT based on low‐frequency sampling (i.e., 0.1 Hz) are then developed and tested, which are usable with standard meteorological sensors that filter some but not all turbulent fluctuations. Using approximations to the Gram determinant inequality, the relative transport efficiency is derived as a function of the correlation coefficient between temperature and water vapor concentration fluctuations (RTq). The proposed approach reasonably explains the measured deviations from the conventional αPT = 1.26 value even when RTq is determined from air temperature and water vapor concentration time series that are Gaussian‐filtered and subsampled to a cutoff frequency of 0.1 Hz. Because over water bodies, RTq deviations from unity are often associated with advection and/or entrainment, linkages between αPT and RTq offer both a diagnostic approach to assess their significance and a prognostic approach to correct the 1.26 value when using routine meteorological measurements of temperature and humidity.
Silk Biomaterials with Vascularization Capacity
Authors: Han Hongyan , Ning Hongyan , Liu Shanshan , Lu Qiang , Fan Zhihai , Lu Haijun , Lu Guozhong , Kaplan David L.
Published: December 2015

Functional vascularization is critical for the clinical regeneration of complex tissues such as kidney, liver, or bone. The immobilization or delivery of growth factors has been explored to improve vascularization capacity of tissue‐engineered constructs; however, the use of growth factors has inherent problems such as the loss of signaling capability and the risk of complications including immunological responses and cancer. Here, a new method of preparing water‐insoluble silk protein scaffolds with vascularization capacity using an all‐aqueous process is reported. Acid is added temporally to tune the self‐assembly of silk in the lyophilization process, resulting in water‐insoluble scaffold formation directly. These biomaterials are mainly noncrystalline, offering improved cell proliferation than previously reported silk materials. These systems also have an appropriate softer mechanical property that could provide physical cues to promote cell differentiation into endothelial cells, and enhance neovascularization and tissue ingrowth in vivo without the addition of growth factors. Therefore, silk‐based degradable scaffolds represent an exciting biomaterial option, with vascularization capacity for soft tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Advances in Wearable Fiber‐Shaped Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhao Yang , Ren Jing , Weng Wei , Peng Huisheng
Published: December 2015

It is highly desirable to develop flexible and efficient energy‐storage systems for widely used wearable electronic products. To this end, fiber‐shaped lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) attract increasing interest due to their combined superiorities of miniaturization, adaptability, and weavability, compared with conventional bulky and planar structures. Recent advances in the fabrication, structure, mechanism, and properties of fiber‐shaped LIBs are summarized here, with a focus on the electrode material. Remaining challenges and future directions are also highlighted to provide some useful insights from the viewpoint of practical applications.
Integration: An Effective Strategy to Develop Multifunctional Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Pan Shaowu , Ren Jing , Fang Xin , Peng Huisheng
Published: December 2015

Energy storage devices are arousing increasing interest due to their key role in next‐generation electronics. Integration is widely explored as a general and effective strategy aiming at high performances. Recent progress in integrating a variety of functions into electrochemical energy storage devices is carefully described. Through integration at the level of materials: flexible, stretchable, responsive, and self‐healing devices are discussed to highlight the state‐of‐the‐art multi‐functional electronics. Through the integration at the level of devices, the incorporation of photovoltaic and piezoelectric devices is detailed to reflect the advances in self‐powering electronics. Integrated energy storage devices are presented for wearable applications to indicate a new growth direction. The main challenges and important directions are summarized to offer some useful clues for future development.
Triplication of 16p12.1p12.3 associated with developmental and growth delay and distinctive facial features
Authors: Nimmo Graeme A. M. , Guerin Andrea , Badilla‐Porras Ramses , Stavropoulos Dimitri J. , Yoon Grace , Carter Melissa T.
Published: December 2015

The 16p12 region is particularly prone to genomic disorders due to the large number of low copy repeats [Martin et al., 2004; Nature 432:988–994]. We report two unrelated patients with de novo triplication of 16p12.1p12.3 who had developmental delay and similar facial features. Patient 1 is a 4‐year‐old male with a congenital heart anomaly, bilateral cryptorchidism, chronic constipation, and developmental delay. Patient 2 is a 12‐year‐old female with prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis, hepatobiliary disease, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. Distinctive facial features common to both patients include short palpebral fissures, bulbous nose, thin upper vermillion border, apparently lowset ears, and large ear lobes. We compare the clinical manifestations of our patients with a previously reported patient with triplication of 16p12.2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of succinate dehydrogenase–related infantile leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Helman Guy , Caldovic Ljubica , Whitehead Matthew T. , Simons Cas , Brockmann Knut , Edvardson Simon , Bai Renkui , Moroni Isabella , Taylor J. Michael , Van Haren Keith ,   the SDH Study Group, Taft Ryan J. , Vanderver Adeline , van der Knaap Marjo S.
Published: December 2015

Objective

Succinate dehydrogenase–deficient leukoencephalopathy is a complex II–related mitochondrial disorder for which the clinical phenotype, neuroimaging pattern, and genetic findings have not been comprehensively reviewed.

Methods

Nineteen individuals with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency–related leukoencephalopathy were reviewed for neuroradiological, clinical, and genetic findings as part of institutional review board–approved studies at Children's National Health System (Washington, DC) and VU University Medical Center (Amsterdam, the Netherlands).

Results

All individuals had signal abnormalities in the central corticospinal tracts and spinal cord where imaging was available. Other typical findings were involvement of the cerebral hemispheric white matter with sparing of the U fibers, the corpus callosum with sparing of the outer blades, the basis pontis, middle cerebellar peduncles, and cerebellar white matter, and elevated succinate on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The thalamus was involved in most studies, with a predilection for the anterior nucleus, pulvinar, and geniculate bodies. Clinically, infantile onset neurological regression with partial recovery and subsequent stabilization was typical. All individuals had mutations in SDHA, SDHB, or SDHAF1, or proven biochemical defect.

Interpretation

Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare leukoencephalopathy, for which improved recognition by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with advanced sequencing technologies allows noninvasive diagnostic confirmation. The MRI pattern is characterized by cerebral hemispheric white matter abnormalities with sparing of the U fibers, corpus callosum involvement with sparing of the outer blades, and involvement of corticospinal tracts, thalami, and spinal cord. In individuals with infantile regression and this pattern of MRI abnormalities, the differential diagnosis should include succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, in particular if MRS shows elevated succinate. Ann Neurol 2016 ANN NEUROL 2016;79:379–386
Profilierung zirkulierender Tumorzellen mit Apparaturen und Materialien der nächsten Generation
Authors: Green Brenda J. , Saberi Safaei Tina , Mepham Adam , Labib Mahmoud , Mohamadi Reza M. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: December 2015

In den letzten zehn Jahren gab es wichtige Fortschritte bei der Erfassung seltener zirkulierender Tumorzellen (CTCs) aus dem Blut von Krebspatienten als eine entscheidende Voraussetzung für die nichtinvasive Tumorprofilierung. Diese Fortschritte haben zudem neue Einblicke in die Materialchemie und die Mikrofluidik erbracht und ermöglichten die Erfassung und Auszählung von CTCs mit beispielloser Empfindlichkeit. Allerdings wurde auch immer klarer, dass einfaches Isolieren und Auszählen von Tumorzellen, die in den Kreislauf gelangt waren, nicht die benötigten Informationen lieferte, um unser Verständnis der Biologie dieser seltenen Zellen zu vertiefen oder um sie sich in der Therapie besser zunutze zu machen. Mithilfe von Apparaturen und Materialien der nächsten Generation mit maßgeschneiderten physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften ist man inzwischen in der Lage, mehr Informationen aus CTCs zu gewinnen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die Arbeiten der letzten zehn Jahre in diesem Gebiet diskutiert, wobei insbesondere die bahnbrechenden Studien der letzten fünf Jahre Berücksichtigung finden, die den Blick über das einfache Isolieren von CTCs hinaus auf Ansätze gerichtet haben, die eine tiefergehende Analyse ermöglichen.
Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,6‐Conjugate Addition of Thioacetic Acid topara‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Dong Nan , Zhang Zhi‐Pei , Xue Xiao‐Song , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: December 2015

An asymmetric 1,6‐conjugate addition of thioacetic acid withpara‐quinone methides has been developed by using chiral phosphoric acid catalysis in the presence of water. A series of sulfur‐containing compounds were thus obtained in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Theoretical studies indicated that the water‐bridged proton transfer is a potentially favorable reaction pathway. An unprecedented O−H⋅⋅⋅π interaction between water and the aromatic nucleus of chiral phosphoric acid was discovered to contribute significantly to the stereocontrol in the catalysis.
Flexible X‐ray radiation protection membrane PVA/pb(NO3)2 microcapsule composites supported by bacterial cellulose
Authors: Tang Lian , Zheng Yi , Chen Shiyan , Wang Lei , Wang Huaping
Published: December 2015

Flexible and nonpoisonous X‐ray‐shielding membranes supported by bacterial cellulose (BC) were prepared, in which X‐ray‐shielding materials were of microcapsule structure by using polyvinyl alcohol as shell and lead salt as core. The effect of the wall/core interaction and the amount of cross‐linking agent were taken into consideration to find the optimal reaction conditions. The morphology, microcapsule size, and lead salt release properties were investigated. After supported by BC, the flexible and potable membranes for X‐ray radiation protection were prepared and the shielding properties were evaluated, which indicated a good X‐ray‐shielding material. We set up a new method to prepare flexible and portable X‐ray radiation protection membranes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43120.
A ductile and highly fibrillating PPTA‐pulp and its reinforcement and filling effects of PPTA‐pulp on properties of paper‐based materials
Authors: Yang Bin , Lu Zhaoqing , Zhang Meiyun , Liu Yijuan , Liu Guodong
Published: December 2015

In this work, poly(para‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)‐pulp was investigated in view of employment in functional paper‐based materials as reinforcement, bonding, and filling materials. The morphological characteristics, fibrillation degree and the role of PPTA‐pulp, the ratio of PPTA‐pulp to PPTA fiber on the mechanical properties, and paper formation uniformity of the functional base paper were discussed. The results showed that the ductile, rough, and highly fibrillating morphological characteristics of PPTA‐pulp are helpful to give rise to some distinctive properties such as wet‐machinability and reinforcement effects in composite materials. Fibrillation of PPTA‐pulp significantly contributes to generating more highly dispersed slender threadlike micro‐fibrils and improving the properties of base paper. This research suggested a significant reinforcement, bonding, and filling potential of PPTA‐pulp for the production of functional paper composite materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43209.
Conservation potential of artificial water bodies for fish communities on a heavily modified agricultural floodplain
Authors: Davis Aaron M. , Moore Alex R.
Published: December 2015

With tropical floodplain wetlands ranking among the world's most threatened ecosystems, artificial water bodies are an often under‐appreciated potential conservation resource for aquatic fauna in these heavily modified environments.

This paper describes the fish communities in 27 artificial water bodies having three different management and design types (ditch recycle pits, generic recycle pits and constructed wetlands) on a heavily modified floodplain in northern Australia.

In these artificial water bodies, constructed wetlands housed significantly higher mean native fish diversity, followed by generic recycle pits and then ditches, where communities were numerically dominated by invasive, non‐native fishes. Environmental parameters such as water body depth and riparian zone condition were the descriptors that best explained fish community composition across water bodies.

Comparison with collated fish survey data representing broader floodplain γ‐diversity showed that >70% of regional fish diversity was housed in artificial water bodies, with constructed wetlands alone accounting for 68% of freshwater species known from the floodplain. In addition, site (α) diversity of native species in constructed wetlands did not differ from site diversity in remnant, relatively intact natural water bodies, and was significantly greater than species diversity in heavily degraded, natural floodplain habitats.

Study results provide strong evidence that artificial water bodies can make useful contributions to biodiversity conservation by providing artificial habitat in a floodplain environment dominated by agriculture.

Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detachment‐Based Equilibrium of Anoikic Cell Death and Autophagic Cell Survival Through Adaptor Protein p66Shc
Authors: Cai Zeyuan , Zhao Dan , Sun Yanan , Gao Dan , Li Xia , Yang Jie , Ma Zhenyi
Published: December 2015

Anoikis (detachment‐induced cell death) confers a tumor‐suppressive function in metastatic cancer cells. Autophagy, a conserved self‐degradative process, enhances the anoikis resistance of detached cancer cells by maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, the mechanism of regulating cell fate‐decision by balancing anoikis and autophagy has been poorly understood. Our previous studies have shown that the adaptor protein p66Shc mediates anoikis through RhoA activation and inhibits tumor metastasis in vivo. We also found that p66Shc depletion mitigates nutrient‐deprivation‐induced autophagy. These findings suggest p66Shc may coordinately regulate these two processes. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of p66Shc on the cell death of detached lung cancer cells, and measured autophagy markers and autophagic flux. Results showed that p66Shc depletion significantly inhibited anoikis, and reduced the formation of LC3B‐II and the degradation of Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62) in detachment‐induced cells. Using monodansylcadaverine (MDC)‐LysoTracker double staining and monomeric Cherry (mCherry)‐GFP‐LC3 assay, we found that the autophagic flux was also mitigated by p66Shc depletion. In addition, p66Shc knockdown increased the formation of full‐length X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)‐associated factor 1 (XAF1), which enhances anoikis sensitivity. In conclusion, p66Shc plays an essential role in detachment‐based equilibrium of anoikic cell death and autophagic cell survival. Anat Rec, 299:325–333, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Anatomical and Morphometric Study of the Coccyx Using Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Ju‐Young , Gil Young‐Chun , Shin Kang‐Jae , Kim Jeong‐Nam , Joo Sung‐Hong , Koh Ki‐Seok , Song Wu‐Chul
Published: December 2015

To provide anatomical and morphological data regarding the coccyx using three‐dimensional images, with a view to aiding the diagnosis of idiopathic coccydynia, one hundred and thirty‐six normal adult pelvises were investigated. Three‐dimensional models of the pelvis were reconstructed using software from computed tomography images of whole specimens. The following six coccyx parameters were measured: (1) width, (2) straight length, (3) thickness, (4) sacrococcygeal angle, (5) intercoccygeal angle, and (6) angle of lateral deviation of the coccyx. The presence of fusion between the sacral and coccygeal cornua, and between the sacrum and the transverse process of the coccyx was also investigated, and lateral deviations of the coccyx were classified and analyzed. Most of the measured coccyx parameters were larger in males than in females, with the exception of the sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal angles. Unilateral or bilateral fusion of the sacral cornu and the coccygeal cornu was not a rare finding. With respect to the sacrum and the transverse process of coccyx, the separated type was more common than the fused type. The incidence and angle of lateral deviation of the coccyx varied widely between individuals. The present detailed description of the gross anatomy of the coccyx obtained using three‐dimensional modeling will help toward understanding the mechanism underlying the development of idiopathic coccydynia. Fusion of the sacrum and coccyx or lateral deviation of the coccyx may cause coccydynia by compressing the coccygeal nerves. Anat Rec, 299:307–312, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐model analysis of the Atlantic influence on Southern Amazon rainfall
Authors: Yoon Jin‐Ho
Published: December 2015

Amazon rainfall is subject to year‐to‐year fluctuation resulting in drought and flood in various intensities. A major climatic driver of the interannual variation of the Amazon rainfall is El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Also, the sea surface temperature over the Atlantic Ocean is identified as an important climatic driver on the Amazon water cycle. Previously, observational data sets were used to support the Atlantic influence on Amazon rainfall. Here, it is found that multiple global climate models do reproduce the Atlantic–Amazon link robustly. However, there exist differences in rainfall response, which primarily depends on the climatological rainfall amount.
Using the brief observation of social communication change (BOSCC) to measure autism‐specific development
Authors: Kitzerow Janina , Teufel Karoline , Wilker Christian , Freitag Christine M.
Published: December 2015

To date no reliable and objective, change sensitive instrument for autistic symptoms is available. The brief observation of social communication change (BOSCC) was specifically developed to measure change of core autistic symptoms, for example, for use as outcome measure in early intervention trials. This study investigated quality criteria of a preliminary research version of the BOSCC in N = 21 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who had participated for 1 year in the Frankfurt early intervention program (FFIP). BOSCC rating was done on play based ADOS video scenes. Inter‐rater agreement on the BOSCC average total was very high. The BOSCC showed a significant decrease of autistic symptoms after 1 year with a medium effect size. Symptom specific improvements were captured by the social communication subscale and most single items. The BOSCC showed comparable change sensitivity to other autism specific instruments. Future studies should focus on the finalized BOSCC version, and replicate findings in a larger sample. Autism Res 2016, 9: 940–950. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Program for Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Kim Yu‐Ri
Published: December 2015

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a sexual abuse prevention program for children with intellectual disabilities. Three children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities participated in the study. They were taught skills relative to identifying body parts and discrimination between appropriate and inappropriate situations, refusal skills (verbal refusing and leaving situations), and reporting skills through this program. A multiple probe across participants design was used to determine the effects of the program. Results demonstrated that the program was effective for teaching the skills to all three children with intellectual disabilities. In addition, these skills generalized in probes conducted in real‐life settings and maintained at 10‐week follow‐up probes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Helfer‐Theorie der Gewissensevolution
Authors: Voland Eckart , Voland Renate
Published: December 2015

Das Gewissen ist durch Merkmale gekennzeichnet, die sich nicht so ohne weiteres aus der Wirkweise der natürlichen Selektion verstehen lassen, weil mit ihm – im evolutionären Sinn – nachteilige Folgen verbunden sind. Wir versuchen in diesem Aufsatz, das Paradox mit einer “Helfer‐Theorie” der Gewissensevolution zu lösen, die den Ursprung der menschlichen Altruismus‐Moral in der Dynamik des evolutionären Eltern/Kind‐Konflikts verortet. In diesem Szenario sehen wir den ko‐evolvierten Zusammenhang von elterlichem Investment und kindlichem Gehorsam als Initial der Gewissensevolution und damit als Quelle für einen nicht im Eigeninteresse aufgehenden Altruismus.
Begegnungen in der Arktis Spitzbergens
Authors: Bergmann Hans‐Heiner
Published: December 2015

Spitzbergen liegt nur 1300 km südlich des Nordpols, ist aber durch den Einfluss des Golfstroms klimamilder als seine nördliche Lage erwarten lässt. In dem kurzen arktischen Sommer gedeihen knapp 180 Blütenpflanzenarten, darunter mehr als zehn Steinbrecharten. Der Wald besteht aus zentimeterhohen kriechenden Weiden. Neben der hocharktischen Tundra gibt es große Flächen arktischer Wüste ohne Vegetation. Von den etwa 30 regelmäßig hier brütenden Vogelarten sind fast alle Sommergäste, nur das Alpenschneehuhn ist Jahresvogel. Neben dieser Hühnerart gibt es drei Gänsearten, die sich ebenfalls als Pflanzenfresser ernähren. Die übrigen Vögel sind für ihre Ernährung weitgehend auf das Meer angewiesen. Als Beutegreifer treten Eisbär, verschiedene Robben, Eisfuchs, Eismöwe und Raubmöwen auf. Trotz der dramatisch zunehmenden Touristenzahlen zeigt sich eine Reihe von Tieren erstaunlich zahm.
Süßkartoffel: Ein Beispiel für eine natürlich entstandene transgene Feldfrucht
Authors: Hensel Götz
Published: December 2015

Sind gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen unnatürlich? Diese Frage wird häufig kontrovers diskutiert – meist mit unbefriedigendem Ausgang. Nun lautet die klare Antwort aber “nein”. Studien in der Süßkartoffel zeigen, dass der Mensch während der Domestikation gezielt “transgene” Pflanzen mit verbesserten Eigenschaften selektiert hat, denn die Süßkartoffel ist eine genetisch modifizierte Pflanze, die natürlich entstanden ist.
“Preis‐werter” DNA‐Reparaturkasten
Authors: Kronberg Inge
Published: December 2015

Gleich fünf Wissenschaftler wurden in diesem Jahr für ihre Forschung zum Thema DNA‐Reparatur ausgezeichnet: Paul Modrich (mismatch repair), Tomas Lindahl (base excision repair) und Aziz Sancar (nucleotid excision repair) teilen sich den Nobelpreis für Chemie 2015; Evelyn Witkin (Bacterial SOS) und Stephen Elledge (Eukarytic Kinase Signaling Pathway) erhielten den renommierten Lasker‐Preis 2015. Sie repräsentieren ein großes Forschungsfeld, das sich mit der Frage beschäftigt, wie DNA‐Defekte innerhalb einer prokaryotischen oder eukaryotischen Zelle erkannt und beseitigt werden.