bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An early collision warning algorithm for vehicles based on V2V communication
Authors: Huang Chung‐Ming , Lin Shih‐Yang
Published: April 2011

The WAVE (IEEE 1609) standard and vehicular technology create a new opportunity for telematics service. Safety is one of the top issues of telematics service. In this paper, we propose a proactive safety method that can alert drivers before the accident occurs using WAVE. An algorithm named Early Collision Warning Algorithm (ECWA) was proposed in this paper. In ECWA, vehicles broadcast Relationship Information (RI) to neighboring vehicles periodically. Each vehicle calculates whether potential collisions may happen or not upon receiving RI messages. After calculation, ECWA sends warning messages to drivers if the collision will occur. ECWA allows drivers to set the warning level and warning distance by themselves. In our simulation, not only vehicles's collisions at an intersection were simulated but also the GPS error range was considered in our design. The results show that ECWA has good performance and can always alert drivers suitably if the GPS error range was small. Even though the GPS error range is large, ECWA also can enhance the hit rate of warning messages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary mammary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: Cytological and histological findings
Authors: Sentani Kazuhiro , Tashiro Takashi , Uraoka Naohiro , Aosaki Yoriyuki , Yano Satomi , Takaeko Fumio , Yasui Wataru
Published: April 2011

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (MCA), commonly encountered in the ovary or pancreas, is rare in the breast and was only recently described as a distinct variant of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Only 11 cases of primary mammary MCA have been reported. In this article, we report a case of primary mammary MCA with focus on cytological and histological findings. A 65‐year‐old female noticed right palpable breast mass. Sonography showed an irregularly shaped 2.8 × 2.4 cm lesion in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology was performed on the right breast nodule, and cytopathologic examination suggested an adenocarcinoma composed of tall columnar cells with mucin. A partial mastectomy of the right breast and the axillary lymph nodes dissection was performed. The gross examination revealed a well‐demarcated and mucus‐filled tumor. Histologically, it had complex papillae, some of which were supported by delicate fibrovascular stroma lined by simple to slightly stratified columnar neoplastic epithelial cells with intracellular mucin, coexisting with MCA in situ and ordinary intraductal carcinoma component (ICC). Immunohistochemically, ICC was HER2‐negative and estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor‐positive, while MCA was triple negative. MCA might be derived from a metaplasia of ordinary ICC, but its pathogenesis and biologic behavior remains unclear. Despite the invasive nature of mammary MCA, these carcinomas appear to be associated with a good prognosis. The patient has remained well and disease‐free for 6 months after the operation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intramembrane Complex Formation Study of Ion Selective Electrodes Based on Heptyl p‐Trifluoroacetylbenzoic Ether
Authors: Nazarov V. A. , Andronchik K. A. , Egorov V. V. , Matulis Vadim E. , Ivashkevich O. A.
Published: April 2011

Intramembrane complex formation processes of heptyl p‐trifluoroacetylbenzoic ether with series of anions have been studied using reference ion technique. The influence of the ion exchanger nature and the ability of the anion to form intramolecular hydrogen bond on the values of formal complex formation constants have been elucidated. Theoretical studies of methyl p‐trifluoroacetylbenzoic ether interactions with acetate and bromide taken as model substances were carried out using density functional theory B3LYP method.
General presentation of the viscoplasticity models: existence and uniqueness
Authors: Pompe Waldemar
Published: April 2011

We present a formulation of the viscoplasticity problems, which covers many models comming from the viscoplasticity theory. We announce existence and (under some additional assumptions) uniqueness of this general problem. This confirms the well‐possedness of our abstract formulation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mathematical analysis of a thermomechanical milling process
Authors: Chełmiński Krzysztof , Hömberg Dietmar , Rott Oliver
Published: April 2011

This article deals with a mathematical model describing the interaction between a cutting machine and workpiece in a milling process. The model consists of a system of ordinary differential equations with delay for the dynamics of the cutter and a linear thermoelastic system for the workpiece. Using Galerkin approximation method it is proved that the presented model admits a unique weak solution (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Homogenization of many‐body structures in fully nonlinear elasticity: A first approach with some applied flavour
Authors: Stelzig Philipp Emanuel
Published: April 2011

We expose and discuss a model for certain “cord‐belt like” many‐body structures in a geometrically and constitutively nonlinear regime that accounts for noninterpenetration of matter in the sense of Ciarlet and Nečas. As the structures compose of more and simultaneously smaller bodies, we state homogenization limits for the respective models based on a Γ‐convergence analysis. Depending on the structures' geometries, the homogenization process may result in different mechanical effects, ranging from anisotropy to completely new kinematic constraints. The homogenization results pose moreover as first rigorous evidence that appropriately arranged and laminated structures composed of mechanically low dimensional objects can have the same properties as if they were composed of higher dimensional objects (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Die dickste lebende Schwefelschicht Europas
Authors: Guggolz Ernst
Published: April 2011

Nicht nur Druckfehler und falsche Fakten, sondern auch wirre Produkte und eigenartige Reaktionen fielen in der Kampagne auf. Viele Texte finden sich nicht mehr gedruckt, sondern im www. Standards wie CO2, Co2, Co2, C02 und Co und das CO2‐freie Leben sowie die gefährlichen freien Radikalen fehlten nicht.
Massenspektrometrie statt immunologischer Tests
Authors: Seger Christoph
Published: April 2011

Die Tandem‐Massenspektrometrie und ihre Kopplung zur Flüssigchromatographie (LC‐MS/MS) haben sich in den letzten zehn Jahren von einem Forschungsinstrumentarium zu einer erfolgreichen und gut etablierten Routinemethode in der klinischen Chemie und Laboratoriumsdiagnostik entwickelt.
Wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs an deutschen Universitäten
Authors: Schmitz Karin
Published: April 2011

Die Zahl der Chemieprofessorinnen an deutschen Universitäten steigt langsam, aber stetig. Beim wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchs (Juniorprofessoren, Habilitanden) ist der Frauenanteil schon fast so hoch wie bei den Studienanfängern der entsprechenden Jahre. Die Zahl der Habilitanden an deutschen Hochschulen blieb auf dem Niveau der Vorjahre. Dies ist das Ergebnis einer Umfrage der GDCh.
Mini‐Antikörper für Maxi‐Effekt
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: April 2011

Antikörper eines Lamas halfen, die Struktur eines Signalproteins erstmals auch im aktiven Zustand aufzuklären. Solche Proteine sind Zielmoleküle für Beta‐Blocker und Anti‐Histaminika.
Strategische Rohstoffe — warten bis es dunkel wird?
Authors: Jakobi Rolf
Published: April 2011

Abbauwürdige Metallvorkommen befinden sich überwiegend in Staaten, deren Wohlverhalten oder deren politische Stabilität nicht sicher ist. Die Politik begreift nur langsam den Ernst der Lage und hofft auf die Selbstorganisation der Wirtschaft. Einer Erpressung durch die Rohstoffstaaten haben einzelne Länder und erst recht Unternehmen nichts entgegenzusetzen.
Ion-dust streaming instability in a radially bounded dusty plasma
Authors: ROSENBERG M. , SHUKLA P. K.
Published: April 2011

The effect of radial boundaries on the ion-dust streaming instability is investigated. Possible applications of our work to certain low-temperature dusty plasma experiments are discussed.
Consuming Identities: Pancapitalism and Postmodern Formations
Authors: Tehranian Katharine Kia
Published: April 2011

The dramatic rise of identity anxieties in most parts of the world — as reflected in posttraditional movements in politics and postmodernist movements in art, architecture, and social theory — calls for an explanation. Also known disparagingly asfundamentalismorneoconservatism, posttraditionalismis often a response from the peripheral sectors of the population to the onslaught of rapid modernization, often accompanied by social disequilibria, income inequities, and feelings of relative deprivation. The Bible Belt in the United States, the oriental Jews in Israel, the rural and semi–urbanized Muslims in the Islamic world, the evangelical Protestants in Latin America, and the Hindu nationalists in secular India demonstrate the rich diversity and complexity of such political religions. By contrast,postmodernistmovements are primarily situated in the intellectual circles of the contemporary world. In the face of an economically globalizing and technologically accelerating history, they represent a dual response to homogenizing forces by reasserting cultural pluralism and nihilism.
The Sacred Harp Singing Tradition of Calhoun County, Mississippi
Authors: Olson Ted
Published: April 2011

It was a warm, dry Sunday in October, nearing noon. I parked my vehicle by the remote Calhoun County road in front of Bailey Memorial Methodist Church, in the tiny hamlet of Loyd, Mississippi; then I saw a woman with a large box in her arms walking toward the brick church's wooden doors. She introduced herself as Sarah Bailey. I asked her if I might help carry in the other boxes sitting on the hood of her car. “Thanks,” she replied. As soon as Sarah opened the doors, voices resounded — the Sacred Harp singing I had come to hear.
Inscribing Boundaries in John Sloan'sHairdresser's Window:Privacy and the Politics of Vision
Authors: Coco Janice M.
Published: April 2011

The Public Reception Of An Image stands as a testament to its cultural 1 and social meanings. Nevertheless, the paintingHairdresser's Window(Figure 1) by the American Realist John Sloan (1871–1951) has yet to be considered in light of its contemporary criticism. The response of Sloan's early-20th-century audience was ambivalent and thus raises questions concerning the social issues embodied in this painting. BecauseHairdresser's Windowcontains the major motifs recurring throughout Sloan's oeuvre (for example, windows, stereotyped figures, working-class women, and the inclusion of spectators within the picture), it will be used as paradigm to explore the social relevance of his personal mode of spectatorship, a practice that had its counterpart in the public sphere and was paralleled in other works of American Realist painting.
Mass Cultural Populism and the Hollywood Novel: The Case of Nathanael West'sThe Day of the Locust
Authors: Rhodes Chip
Published: April 2011

The short history of the Hollywood novel provides a useful index of the ways that 20th-century U.S. literature has imagined the relation of sign systems to the external reality with which they would coincide. Very early Hollywood novels like Harry Leon Wilson'sMerton of the Movies(1922) found their critiques of the nascent film industry on its fictiveness and conventionality, indicting Hollywood for the falsification of reality. Literature in general and the Hollywood novel in particular would serve, by implication, to set the record straight. As modernism in its many permutations supplanted realism, however, these straightforward epistemological distinctions became increasingly blurry. Informed by the recognition of the materiality of language, modernist fiction would have a lot harder time leveling its critiques.
Robert S. Duncanson: City and Hinterland
Authors: Katz Wendy J.
Published: April 2011

Robert Scott Duncanson, who lived and worked primarily in Cincinnati, Ohio, but also in Michigan, Canada, and Europe, was one of only a few known African-American landscape painters in the 19th century, and one of even fewer to gain a regional, national, and international reputation. His Blue Hole, Flood Waters, Little Miami River (1851) is painted in a style typical of the Hudson River school: a panoramic view of a quiet and apparently pristine wilderness, known then as a popular beauty spot near Cincinnati (Figure 1). The dense forest that encloses the pool, with broken timber around the edges and two drowned branches projecting above the surface of the water, implies isolation and ruggedness. The small, slightly ragged youths fishing in the foreground, though, are more than generic props; they are an image of the desired effect of nature on the often socially mixed residents of the river bottoms, and of Cincinnati in general. The rustic fisherman absorbed and at ease amid a rugged Western landscape loses himself in nature, but instead of making him wild, the experience refines as it acts “But to bind him to his native mountains more.” The image of the two men – as, for example, opposed to figures of genteel tourists – embedded in their native lakes and forests offered reassurance and evidence to local boosters of the positive impact of nature. Nature, in this concept, exerted a softening, soothing influence on those who experienced it, akin to women's moral influence on those within the domestic sphere.
The Fe-Male Spaces of Modernism: A Western Canadian Perspective
Authors: Liscombe Rhodri Windsor
Published: April 2011

The Provision of improved facilities for women in domestic space and their increased participation in the design process were material aspects of the Modern movement in architecture. While initially directed toward the provision of improved conditions for lower-income families, the main outcome would occur in postwar middle-class housing, particularly in North America. This outcome was associated with a renewal of conservative suburbanization and populist capitalism. The consequences of these design and socioeconomic practices – especially as demonstrated in that significant liminal space between theorized professional production and anecdotal public consumption – for the reinscription of women's presence in domestic space was therefore of considerable import. Scholarly attention has concentrated on the architectural consequences of revised gender relations and on the activity of women designers and architectural writers. This essay seeks to advance discussion of those consequences and activities by means of a situated approach that is centered on a multivalent analysis of the supposed inscription and representation of the modern woman in the Modernist suburban home. The site is the rapidly expanding but physically, socioeconomically, and culturally discreet North Shore area of Vancouver, 1945–65. The location typifies the resuscitation of the middle-class suburb through what might be termed Automod-ernism. The extension of North American trends such as the individual family automobile and home ownership reinforced by laborsaving appliances became a distinct phenomenon of the Modern movement. The time frame corresponds with the postwar baby boom and sustained economic and demographic growth, when child rearing generally kept women, especially of middle-income families, mostly at home.
Masking Volcanic Anger: The Repressive World of 19th-Century White Female Emotional Culture
Authors: Grasso Linda
Published: April 2011

In the antebellum period, gendered ideologies of anger made it difficult, if not impossible, for many women to acknowledge that their feelings of disappointment were masking their feelings of anger. Instructed that domesticity was their highest calling, their sole reason for being, more often than not, revolutionary white daughters were disappointed when they encountered its constrictions. “In education, in marriage, in religion, in everything, disappointment is the lot of woman,” Lucy Stone, one such daughter, declared. “From the first years to which my memory stretches, I have been a disappointed woman. When, with my brothers, I reached forth after the sources of knowledge, I was reproved with ‘It isn't fit for you; it doesn't belong to women.’… I was disappointed when I came to seek a profession worthy an immortal being — every employment was closed to me, except those of the teacher, the seamstress, and the housekeeper” (Schneir, 106–109).
The Response of African Americans to Lindbergh's Flight to Paris
Authors: Helbling Mark
Published: April 2011

On May 21, 1927, at 10:24 p.m., Charles Lindbergh gently touched down on French soil, the first person to fly the Atlantic alone. Immediately, the world had a new hero — mobbed wherever he went, the recipient of thousands of letters and poems, the inspiration for popular as well as classical music. But what, exactly, Lindbergh meant to his generation and subsequent generations has remained a source of interest and controversy. In “The Meaning of Lindbergh's Flight” (1958), for example, John W. Ward argued that Lindbergh revealed a deep tension in the American public: “Was the flight the achievement of a heroic, solitary, unaided individual or did the flight represent the triumph of the machine, the success of an industrially organized society?” Twenty-two years later, Laurence Goldstein, in “Lindbergh in 1927: The Response of Poets to the Poem of Fact” (1980), was less certain how to know the significance of Lindbergh's transatlantic flight. But he did argue that Lindbergh's problematic relationship to the “idealizing tendency of popular discourse” was itself a way to understand his complex response to his times and his achievement. More recently, Susan M. Gray, in Charles Lindbergh and the American Dilemma: The Conflict of Technology and Human Values (1988), argued that Lindbergh is best understood as a case study of a larger American issue, the “dialectical tension between technology and human values.” Not only did Lindbergh reveal the complex tensions noted by Ward and Goldstein, but, more fundamentally, he revealed the dialectical imagination characteristic of American thinking since the early 19th century.
Unforgiven: The Elusive Essence of Violence
Authors: Hanson Philip
Published: April 2011

Our films preserve a record of popular beliefs about the sources of human violence, yet sometimes explain their characters' actions with theories of violence that have been challenged or discarded as untenable. The 1992 film, Basic Instinct, in its title and in its characters' actions embraces Freud's concept of an instinctual link between sexual desire and aggressive violence. In the film the two merge, as in the bedroom scenes between Michael Douglas and Sharon Stone, where boundaries between sex and violence blur, or, in the opening scene in which a retired rock star's sexual climax converges with Stone's character murdering him with an ice pick (placing a phallic image side by side with a phallus). Violence, this film tells us, has as its source the same instinctual well as sexual desire.
“Many persons say I am a ‘Mono Maniac’”: Three Letters from Dakota Conflict Captive Sarah F. Wakefield to Missionary Stephen R. Riggs
Authors: Derounian-Stodola Kathryn Zabelle
Published: April 2011

“The other Civil War” is how many Minnesotans think of the U.S.-Dakota Conflict of 1862, fought for six weeks in the recently established state as the Civil War raged elsewhere (Nichols). These hostilities between groups of Dakota Indians and the U.S. government were triggered by a containable incident near Acton, Minnesota, in which four hungry young Dakotas apparently challenged five white settlers over food and then killed them. But some Indians decided against containment, and the Conflict instead escalated into a contest for traditional Dakota cultural identity and cohesion. Of course, the Dakotas' sense of siege had been exacerbated for years by “the historically familiar rapacious traders, ethnocentric missionaries, white men's decimating diseases, inept Indian Bureau officials, equivocating United States government representatives, and deplorably conflicting military policies,” as well the growing number of “land-hungry settlers” (Russo, 99). When the war ended in late September 1862, about five hundred whites and a considerable, but unknown, number of Dakotas and crossbloods were dead (Anderson and Woolworth, 1). The U.S. government unilaterally abrogated treaties with the Dakotas – regardless of individuals' actual involvement in the Conflict – removed or imprisoned them, conducted hasty and illegal trials, and sent thirtyeight to the gallows in Mankato, Minnesota, on December 26, 1862. It is believed to be the largest mass execution in American history. Although little known outside the state, this short but intense war has been called “a microcosm of the tragedy of Indian–white relations in America,” and its repercussions still resonate over a century later (Nichols, 4).
Illustration “Urgently Required”: ThePicturesque PalestineProject, 1878–83
Authors: Rainey Sue
Published: April 2011

In the early 1880s, the bookPicturesque Palestine, Sinai and Egyptbrought to the American and British marketplace the most comprehensive visual survey of the Holy Land that had yet appeared. It came at a time when Protestant Christians in both countries felt the need was “urgent” for “accurate” illustrations of these regions that could serve to explain and “defend” the Scriptures against science and the new biblical criticism. To obtain such images, the publishing firms of D. Appleton in New York City and James S. Virtue in London sent the artists John Douglas Woodward and Harry Fenn on extended sketching trips in 1878 and 1879. Published serially from 1881 to 1883,Picturesque Palestine's nine hundred pages and six hundred black-and-white images would constitute the most conspicuous response to the contemporary appeals for illustrations of the Holy Land (Figure 1).

At the same time, it would present these Eastern Mediterranean regions so significant to the history of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam through the lens of thepicturesque— employing familiar aesthetic conventions long popular in British and American view books. In this approach, the artist or traveler searches for elements in the landscape that conform to preset ideas of what constitutes a picture — in this case, those distinguished by pleasing variety, irregularity of form, rough texture, and contrasts of light and dark. Thus, the book is a prime, and quite late, example of the “visualisation of the travel experience,” in which scenic tourism replaced the opportunity to meet and converse with others as the primary appeal of travel. Its comprehensive visual survey is also akin to the displays at the world's fairs so popular in this period that presented various regions and peoples as spectacle or theater.
“Art for America's Sake”: Decadence and the Making of American Literary Culture in the Little Magazines of the 1890s
Authors: MacLeod Kirsten
Published: April 2011

Decadence — the literary and artistic movement that insisted on the autonomy of art, reveled in the bizarre, artificial, perverse, and arcane, and pitted the artist against bourgeois society — is most strongly associated with fin de siècle British and French culture. Rarely is it associated with America. And yet, its popularity in America may well have surpassed its popularity in either Britain or France. That decadence was among Europe's most successful cultural exports to America in the 1890s is indicated by the rash of decadent Anglophile and Francophile little magazines that emerged in America in this period. Whereas Britain and France had a handful of decadent periodicals between them, America had over one hundred and fifty little magazines in the period from 1894 to 1898, many of them inspired by European decadent periodicals. What Gelett Burgess, founder of the decadent little magazine the Lark called a “little riot of Decadence” (Epilark) erupted all over America, from major centers such as New York City, Chicago, and San Francisco to smaller centers such as Lansing, Michigan, and Portland, Maine. Described at the time variously as fadazines, fadlets, fad magazines, bibelots, ephemerals, decadents, brownie magazines, freak magazines, magazettes, dinkeys, and so on, these magazines were founded by those one contemporary, Arthur Stanwood Pier, labeled the “brilliant cognoscenti and sophisticates,” the “American Oscar Wildes and Aubrey Beardsleys” of the period (quoted in Kraus, 6).

Despite the pervasiveness of the little-magazine phenomenon of the 1890s, these magazines have been all but ignored in recent scholarship. Interest in American periodical history of the late 19th and early 20th centuries has focused largely on mass-market periodicals and the development of consumer culture as in recent studies by David Reed, Ellen Gruber Garvey, Richard Ohmann, and Helen Damon-Moore.
Oeditorial Repression: The Case Histories of Hemingway and the Fitzgeralds
Authors: Vandenburg Margaret
Published: April 2011

With the persistence of repetition compulsion, Modernists define their movement vis-à-vis the classic Freudian assumption that sexuality is the mainspring of virtually everything, including literary merit. The most libidinous of their aesthetic manifestos is Ezra Pound's characterization of creativity as a “phallus or spermatozoid charging, head-on, the female chaos … driving a new idea into the great passive vulva of London.” Though C. G. Jung is far less enamored of the phallus, he endows masculinity with the “creative and procreative” power of Logos, which, echoing Pound, he calls the “spermatic word.” As if to fend off “scribbling women,” Jung warns that “mental masculinization of the woman has unwelcome results,” most notably frigidity, homosexuality, and “a deadly boring kind of sophistry.” Gertrude Stein's iconoclasm notwithstanding, her paradoxical assertion that her genius is masculine simultaneously reifies and defies this theory that biology determines literary destiny. In the Modernist canon, the pen is a penis, even when a cigar is just a cigar. The most influential of the movement's manifestos, T. S. Eliot's “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” codifies aesthetic essentialism, positing an Oedipal model of canonicity contingent on the authority of literary fathers. Even Virginia Woolf's rejection of gendered canonicity inA Room of One's Ownassumes its tenacity, as if she were protesting too much against the inevitable.

Woolf is not alone in protesting too much. Modernism's swaggering canonicity masks a castration anxiety that debilitated F. Scott Fitzgerald and even bedeviled Papa Hemingway inThe Garden of Eden. One of Hemingway's most famous letters to Fitzgerald, written during the tortured composition ofTender Is the Night, provides a paradigmatic example of the Modernist crisis of masculinity:

We are all bitched from the start and you especially have to be hurt like hell before you can write seriously. But when you get the damned hurt use it – don't cheat with it…. You see, Bo, you're not a tragic character.
Cavaliers and Crackers, Tara and Tobacco Road: The Myth of a Two-Class White South
Authors: Wright Emily
Published: April 2011

In Tell About the South: The Southern Rage to Explain, eminent southernist Y(stet)Fred Hobson argues that since the early 19th century, southern discourse has been dominated by a desire to explain the South to a nation critical of its practices. This “rage to explain” was particularly apparent in the era known as the Southern Renaissance — the period roughly between World War I and World War II that saw a flowering of southern letters and intellectual life. During this period, southern poets, novelists, essayists, historians, and sociologists participated in a comprehensive enactment of the southern “rage to explain” the South, both to itself and to the rest of the world. Within this outbreak of explanation, a significant pattern emerges: a pattern of resistance to what I shall call the myth of a two-class white South.

Throughout American history, northerners and southerners alike have colluded to create the impression that the antebellum white South consisted of only two classes: aristocratic planters on one extreme and debased poor whites on the other. This impression was initiated in the 18th century, when William Byrd's histories of the dividing line introduced the image of the poor white in the form of the laughable “Lubberlander.” The stereotype of the comic and/or degraded poor white can be traced from Byrd through George Washington Harris's tales of Sut Lovingood (1867) to William Alexander Percy's diatribes against poor whites in Lantern on the Levee (1941) and William Faulkner's unflattering portrayal of the Snopeses (1940–59). Meanwhile, the images of the courteous, kindly planter and of the plantation as pastoral idyll can be traced from John Pendleton Kennedy's Swallow Barn (1832) through the postbellum plantation fiction of Thomas Nelson Page to Stark Young's Civil War romance, So Red the Rose (1934).
Our White Whale, Elvis; or, Democracy Sighted
Authors: Parrish Timothy
Published: April 2011

The lyrics cited above are from the 1990 Living Colour single “Elvis Is Dead” and serve as another reminder, as if we needed one, that, despite the song's emphatic refrain, the rumors we hear are true: Elvis is alive. His shade haunts us, bringing with it strange but vital messages. Greil Marcus, Elvis's best critic, may be blessed with second sight when he avers that Elvis comprises our “cultural epistemology,” that he holds the “skeleton key to a lock we've yet to find.” Marcus's elliptical prophecy promises what for many may be a stunning revelation: Elvis Presley so profoundly embodies the complexities of American culture that only Melville'sMoby Dickis comparable to his richness, his ambiguity, his mysterious meaning. As with most supernatural sightings (or Melville's whale), Elvis's presence is nearly impossible to identify.
Gender and Modernity in Transnational Perspective: Hugo Münsterberg and the American Woman
Authors: Sanderson Rena
Published: April 2011

In one of the first and best-known collections of cultural criticism in America,Civilization in the United States(1922), Harold Stearns begins his chapter on “The Intellectual Life” with this widely quoted passage:

When Professor Einstein roused the ire of the women's clubs by stating that “women dominate the entire life of America,” and that “there are cities with a million population, but cities suffering from terrible poverty – the poverty of intellectual things,” he was but repeating a criticism of our life now old enough to be almost acliché. Hardly any intelligent foreigner has failed to observe and comment upon the extraordinary feminization of American social life, and oftenest he has coupled this observation with a few biting remarks concerning the intellectual anaemia or torpor that seems to accompany it.
The Aesthetics of Presence: The Landscape Paintings of Peter Holbrook
Authors: Tehranian Katharine Kia
Published: April 2011

Since its inception in the mid-1960s, photorealism has been criticized by those who viewed it as a naive perpetuation of pop art, but it has received the praise of those who have recognized the contributions of photorealism and their relevance to the intellectual climate of opinion of the last few decades. Photorealism challenges our conception of reality by raising questions about the way we see things.
AryanMundusand Sexual Inversion: Eliot's Edition ofNightwood
Authors: Vandenburg Margaret
Published: April 2011

Despite its notorious sexual politics, Djuna Barnes'sNightwoodgained considerable literary respectability when T. S. Eliot endorsed the first American edition with his Introduction. The presiding dean of Modernist letters at Faber and Faber in London, Eliot could distinguish even obscure writers with a single stroke of his editorial pen. Though his decision to publish Djuna Barnes's wildly subversiveNightwoodsuggests that an antic disposition lurked beneath his studied propriety, he expurgated several of the manuscript's most transgressive episodes, thus diminishing the redemptive role of sexual inversion in the novel. Eliot admits in his Introduction that “it took me, with this book, some time to come to an appreciation of its meaning as a whole” (xi), but his editorial deletions indicate he overlooked the symbolic significance of inversion as the antithesis of Aryan essentialism in the manuscript. With uncanny prescience,Nightwoodforecasts the nightmare of Nazi genocide and gendercide, creating a Parisian underground of expatriate inverts in exile from the deadly cultural “hygiene” of fascism. Analysis of the deleted manuscript passages restores the full force of Barnes's antifascist polemic in which inversion ultimately wins the day.
Rapid Fragmentation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cortical Neurons of the Mouse Brain in situ Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Kucharz Krzysztof , Wieloch Tadeusz , Toresson Håkan
Published: April 2011

Neuronal endoplasmic reticulum (ER), continuous from soma to dendritic spines, undergoes rapid fragmentation in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor stimulation in hippocampal slices and neuronal primary cultures. Here, we show that ER fragments in the mouse brain following cardiac arrest (CA) induced brain ischemia. The ER structure was assessed in vivo in cortical pyramidal neurons in transgenic mice expressing ER-targeted GFP using two-photon laser scanning microscopy with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). Endoplasmic reticulum fragmentation occurred 1 to 2 minutes after CA and once induced, fragmentation was rapid (< 15 seconds). We propose that acute ER fragmentation may be a protective response against severe ischemic stress.
Evidence of multiple pathways capable of emitting peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence using a charge coupled devicespectrometer
Authors: Park Paul S. , Rho Tae-Ho D. , Kim Young Teck , Ko Seok Oh , Schlautman Mark A. , Carraway Elizabeth R. , Lee Ji Hoon
Published: April 2011

Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) spectra obtained simultaneously and continuously using a CCD spectrometer provide evidence of the complexity of PO-CL reactions.
Electronic structures of SrMn1–xMoxO3 (≤x≤.75) perovskite oxides investigated by XAS and PES
Authors: Hwang J. H. , Kim D. H. , Lee S. M. , Kang J.-S. , Kolesnik S. , Dabrowski B. , Park B.-G. , Kim J.-Y. , Baik J. , Shin H. J. , Lee Jieun , Min B. I.
Published: April 2011

Electronic structures of perovskite oxides of SrMn1-xMoxO3 (0 ≤x≤ 0.75) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and photoemission spectroscopy (PES). It is found that the valence states of Mn ions change systematically from Mn4+ for x = 0, to nearly Mn3+ for x = 0.3, and Mn2+ for x = 0.5, and then remain as Mn2+ for x≥0.5. Both the Mo 3d core-level PES and Mo 3p XAS spectra show that the valence states of Mo ions remain unchanged as being hexavalent (Mo6+) for x≤0.5 but that they decrease for x>0.5 with increasing x. This study shows that Mo ions are mixed-valent for x>0.5 in SrMn1-xMoxO3, either with the Mo4+–Mo6+ configuration or with the Mo4+–Mo5+–Mo6+ configuration.
Investigation of electrical and magnetic properties of triangular antiferromagnets
Authors: Myoung Bo Ra , Kim Chin Mo , Kim Sam Jin , Kouh Taejoon , Hirose Yasushi , Hasegawa Tetsuya , Kim Chul Sung
Published: April 2011

We have synthesized magnetic Fe-doped NiGa2S4 and investigated its electrical and magnetic properties with a superconducting quantum-interference device magnetometer, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and a physical property measurement system. X-ray diffraction analysis at room temperature shows that the prepared samples are single phase with trigonal structure (P-3m1). From zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled magnetization curves under 100 Oe between 4.2 and 200 K, we have measured the temperature-dependent susceptibility χ of Ni1−xFexGa2S4. A cusp is observed in the ZFC measurement for the samples with x ≥ 0.1, which is due to the spin-freezing effect in the spin-glass system. Moreover, with increasing Fe concentration, the sample shows the antiferromagnetic behavior and the increase in freezing temperature Tf. This, in turn, suggests that the spin-averaged value of the sample increases and antiferromagnetic spin–spin interaction becomes stronger with Fe concentration. The temperature-dependent resistance of semiconducting Ni1−xFexGa2S4 (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) follows Arrhenius law R = R0exp(E0/kBT) for the semiconducting temperature, with the gap energies E0 of 210.6, 192.0, 135.6, and 126.4 meV, respectively. This increase in gap energy comes from the distortion of octahedral structure in the a–b plane direction.
Coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in Pb/PbO core/shell nanoparticles
Authors: Hsu Chien-Kang , Hsu Daniel , Wu Chun-Ming , Li Chi-Yen , Hung Chi-Hang , Lee Chi-Hung , Li Wen-Hsien
Published: April 2011

We report on the observations of spontaneous spin polarized moments in 7.4 nm Pb/PbO nanoparticles, which give rise to re-entrantlike temperature profiles for the magnetic susceptibility and magnetization in the superconducting phase that develops below 6.86 K. Results reveal the existence of a magnetic component below TC and superconductivity remains at low temperatures. A 30-fold increase in the critical magnetic field is also found. Superconductivity mainly arises from the 5 nm Pb core, whereas the 1.2 nm PbO shell contributes to the appearance of a net magnetic moment in the 7.4 nm Pb/PbO core/shell particles.
Low loss Co2Z (Ba3Co2Fe24O41)–glass composite for gigahertz antenna application
Authors: Lee Jaejin , Hong Yang-Ki , Bae Seok , Jalli Jeevan , Abo Gavin S. , Park Jihoon , Seong Won-Mo , Park Sang-Hoon , Ahn Won-Ki
Published: April 2011

Low magnetic and dielectric loss Co2Z (Ba3Co2Fe24O41)–glass composite in the frequency range of 1–3 GHz is reported. Co2Z–glass composite was prepared by firing a mixture of 40 h shake-milled Co2Z hexaferrite powder and borosilicate glass at 950 °C for 1 h. The real part of permeability decreased slightly from 2.29 to 1.96 at 2.4 GHz as the glass content increased from 0 to 4 wt. %, but magnetic loss decreased less than 0.02. On the other hand, the real part of permittivity was 7.29 at 0 wt. % and 7.28 at 4 wt. % glass and dielectric loss was less than 0.01 at 2.4 GHz. The 3D peak gain of Co2Z–glass composite chip antenna was measured to be 3.32 dBi at 2.35 GHz. These results imply that the Co2Z–glass composite is an underpinning magnetodielectric material for gigahertz antenna applications.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy in urological centres – the experience of the German Laparoscopic Working Group
Authors: Greco Francesco , Hoda M. Raschid , Rassweiler Jens , Fahlenkamp Dirk , Neisius Dietmar A. , Kutta Andreas , Thüroff Joachim W. , Krause Andreas , Strohmaier Walter L. , Bachmann Alexander , Hertle Lothar , Popken Gralf , Deger Serdar , Doehn Christian , Jocham Dieter , Loch Tillmann , Lahme Sven , Janitzky Volker , Gilfrich Christian P. , Klotz Theodor , Kopper Bernd , Rebmann Udo , Kälbe Tilman , Wetterauer Ulrich , Leitenberger Armin , Raßler Jörg , Kawan Felix , Inferrera Antonino , Wagner Sigrid , Fornara Paolo
Published: April 2011

Study Type – Practice patterns (retrospective cohort)

Level of Evidence 2b

OBJECTIVE

• To evaluate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) performed in several German centres with different laparoscopic experience, as LA has become the gold‐standard approach for benign surgical adrenal disorders; however, for solitary metastasis or primary adrenal cancer its precise role is uncertain.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

• The data of 363 patients who underwent a LA were prospectively collected in 23 centres.

• All centres were stratified into three groups according to their experience: group A (<10 LAs/year), group B (10–20 LAs/year) and group C (>20 LAs/year).

• In all, 15 centres used a transperitoneal approach, four a retroperitoneal approach and four both approaches.

• Demographic data, perioperative and postoperative variables, including operating time, surgical approach, tumour size, estimated blood loss, complications, hospital stay and histological tumour staging, were collected and analysed.

RESULTS

• The transperitoneal approach was used in 281 cases (77.4%) and the retroperitoneal approach was used in 82 patients (22.6%).

• In all, 263 of 363 lesions (72.5%) were benign and 100 (27.5%) were malignant.

• The mean (sd) operating time was 127.22 (55.56) min and 130.16 (49.88) min after transperitoneal and retroperitoneal LA, respectively.

• The mean complication rates for transperitoneal and retroperitoneal LA were 5% and 10.9%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

• LAs performed by urologists experienced in laparoscopy is safe for the removal of benign and malignant adrenal masses. LA for malignant adrenal tumours should be performed only in high‐volume centres by a surgeon performing at least >10 LAs/year.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of melanoma: a population‐based study in a French regional population
Authors: Barbe C. , Hibon E. , Vitry F. , Le Clainche A. , Grange F.
Published: April 2011

Background  Although incidence and mortality data are numerous, population‐based studies including clinical and pathological characteristics of melanoma are rare.

Objectives  To describe the characteristics of melanoma in a rural French region during 2004–2008 and to identify differences according to age, gender and geographical areas.

Methods  Pathology reports of cutaneous melanomas diagnosed in residents from the Champagne‐Ardenne region during 2004–2008 were anonymously collected from pathology laboratories. Demographic, clinical and pathological data were extracted and analysed by experts, including dermatologists, pathologists and epidemiologists.

Results  One hundred and seventy‐seven in situ melanomas were diagnosed in 177 patients (female/male ratio : 1.72). Patients with head and neck in situ melanomas were older than patients with melanomas in other locations (72 vs. 54 years; P < 0.0001). Six hundred and sixty‐one invasive melanomas were diagnosed (female/male ratio : 1.26), corresponding to an annual incidence rate of 6.3/100 000. Male patients had thicker and more frequently ulcerated tumours. The location widely varied between genders, involving the trunk in 47% of male patients and the lower limb in 48% of female patients. Older patients had thicker and more advanced melanomas, with a more frequent head and neck location. Nodular, acral lentiginous and unclassified melanomas were much thicker than superficial spreading and lentigo maligna melanomas (4.37 vs. 1.33 mm, P < 0.0001). Primary melanomas of advanced stages were more frequent in one of the four districts of the study area. Overall, the mean Breslow thickness (2.02 mm) was much higher than that previously observed in other regions of north‐eastern France (1.59 mm).

Conclusions  Information and screening campaigns should particularly target rural areas, males, older people and focus on nodular, acrolentiginous and unclassified subtypes.
OBSERVATIONS ON THRESHOLD INTENSITY AND SENSITIVITY TO DIFFERENT WAVE LENGTHS OF PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSES IN THE COLORADO BEETLE (LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA SAY)
Authors: DE WILDE J. , BONGA H.
Published: April 2011

The threshold intensity of white light for photoperiodic responses of the Colorado beetle is below 0,1 lux (0,4 ergs/cm2/sec.). Above this value, the responses increase with the intensity until above 5 lux (20 ergs/cm2/sec.) they remain more or less constant. Experiments with filtered light (423–675 mμ) and infrared (> 700 mμ) revealed that even 675 mμ is clearly active.

1. Die Intensitätsschwelle für weisses Licht in Bezug auf seine photoperiodische Wirksamheit auf den Kartoffelkäfer (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) liegt unterhalb 0,1 Lux (0,4 ergs/cm2/Sek.).

2. Bis zu 5 Lux (20 ergs/cm2/Sek.) wirkt sich erhöhte Lichtintensität in steigerndem Masse aus; oberhalb dieses Wertes wird der Diapauseprozentsatz mehr oder weniger konstant.

3. Versuche mit Spektrallicht von 423–675 mμ und Infrarot (>700 mμ) konstanter Intensität (40 ergs/cm2/Sek.) ergaben, dass sogar 675 mμ noch deutlich wirksam ist. Im Bereich von 423–646 mμ war das Spektrallicht ohne wesentlichen Unterschied wirksam.

4. Es sind Experimente geplant, die ein relatives Energiespektrum für photoperiodische Wirkung verschiedener Wellenlängen ergeben sollen.
BIOLOGY OF TIPULA OLERACEA L.: GROWTH OF THE LARVA
Authors: LAUGHLIN ROGER
Published: April 2011

The growth of larvae, isolated and in groups, in the laboratory at constant temperature is described. The length of the larval stage varies widely even under uniform conditions. The relationship between larval weight and time is exponential in the first three instars, linear in the fourth. The paper is intended as an introduction to further publications on the causes of variation in growth.

DIE BIOLOGIE VON TIPULA OLERACEA L.: DAS WACHSTUM DER LARVE

Die Larvalentwicklung von T. oleracea kann unter konstanten Bedingungen bei 21° C 4–5 Wochen, aber auch 16–17 Wochen dauern (— die durchschnittliche Dauer für 887 Larven, die in 37 Gruppen gezüchtet wurden, betrug 8,8 Wochen —). Der Gipfel der Entwicklungszeitkurve liegt innerhalb des ersten Abschnittes der Kurve, indem sich 90% der Larven zwischen dem 30. und dem 80. Tag verpuppen.

Die ersten drei Larvalstadien werden in 3–6 Wochen durchlaufen; selten in längerer Zeit. Die großen Unterschiede in der Dauer der Larvalentwicklung entstehen daher vor allem im 4. Stadium. Larven in Gruppen entwickeln sich schneller als isolierte Larven.

Männliche Larven verpuppen sich ungefiähr eine Woche vor den weiblichen Larven. Das Zahlenverhältnis zwischen männlichen und weiblichen Larven beträgt 1. Beide Geschlechter ergeben für die Dauer der Larvalentwicklung die gleiche schiefe Häufigkeitsverteilung.

Das Gewicht vergrößert sich in den ersten drei Larvalstadien jeweils während der ersten zwei Drittel potentiell. Im Durchschnitt verdoppeln die Larven während der Gesamtdauer der ersten drei Larvenstadien ihr Gewicht alle 3–4 Tage. Während des ersten Abschnittes des letzten Stadiums vergröfiert sich jedoch das Gewicht um den festen Betrag vom 15 mg pro Tag. Es erreicht seinen Höhepunkt und nimmt dann schnell ab, wenn sich in der letzten Woche der Darm entleert und die Puppe sich bildet. Das Gewicht der Puppe beträgt etwa die Hälfte des Höchstgewichtes der Larve.

Einige Larven erreichen ihr Höchstgewicht, verlieren aber erst nach 4 Wochen an Gewicht und verpuppen sich dann. Diese Ausnahmefälle sind der Hauptgrund für die oben erwähnte Schiefe der Häufigkeitsverteilung.
STUDY ON THE FREE AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF MID‐INTESTINE IN SEVERAL SPECIES OF LAMELLICORN BEETLES
Authors: UMEYA KENJI
Published: April 2011

The patterns of the free amino acid composition in the mid‐intestine tissue of twelve species of Lamellicornia (Coleoptera) were compared by means of paper chromatography. As tested in Allomyrina dichotomus L., the contents of amino acids of the tissue seemed to be constant not only among individuals of the same sex, but also among those of both sexes in a single species. The beetles tested could be divided into five groups by their amino acid constituents of the mid‐gut. This division does not necessarily parallel the taxonomic classification, nor the anatomical grouping of the digestive system. The food habits of the beetles seem to have a certain bearing upon the amino acid composition of their mid‐intestinal tissue.

Resume

RECHERCHE SUR LA COMPOSITION DES ACIDES AMINÉS LIBRES DANS L'INTESTIN MOYEN DE QUELQUES LAMELLICORNES ADULTES (COLÉOPTÈRES)

Ce travail apporte des données sur la composition des acides amines libres dans le tissu de rintestin moyen de 12 espèces des lamellicornes adultes. Les espèces étudiées sont divisible à 5 troupes par les types caractéristiques des addes aminés libres. Avec les relations rnorphologiques et alimentaires, certains aspects de cette classification sont mis en évidence dans les espèces étudiées.