bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da cobertura vacinal e a prevalência de internações por doenças do trato respiratório por agentes imunopreveníveis no período de janeiro de 2015 a julho de 2020
Authors: Vasconcelos Muniz Ana Elisa , Dos Santos Lopes Gabriela , Santos Cirilo de Sousa Lainne , Passos Hasselmann Maria Clara , Barreto Cafezeiro Maria Luiza , Queiroz Aguiar Brasil Michelle
Published: March 2022

Introdução: as infecções respiratórias das vias aéreas são frequentes no nosso meio. O combate dessas infecções ocorre por meio da introdução dos antimicrobianos, quando indicados, e a profilaxia através da imunização, reduzindo a incidência das infecções e suas complicações. Objetivo: avaliar a cobertura vacinal para agentes causadores de infecções do trato respiratório e a prevalência de internações por essas afecções no Brasil no período de 2015 a 2020. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio do banco de dados proveniente do DATASUS, Sistema de Internação Hospitalar e Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. A seleção ocorreu por meio dos registros de indivíduos que foram imunizados no Brasil, por região e por ano de imunização das vacinas Pneumocócica, Pneumocócica 1º reforço, Tríplice viral D1, Tríplice viral D2, Tetra Viral, Pentavalente e Influenza. Resultados: ao decorrer dos anos, observou-se uma redução significativa da cobertura vacinal de todas as vacinas analisadas, com a região Norte apresentando o menor registro em todos os anos. Em relação a taxa de internações por pneumonia, a região Sudeste obteve as maiores taxas. Houve um aumento importante de internamentos por influenza na região Centro-Oeste em 2019. As taxas de internação por sarampo aumentaram significativamente no ano de 2018, principalmente na região Norte. Conclusão: apesar da redução progressiva nas taxas de cobertura vacinal das regiões brasileiras nos últimos anos, as taxas de internação para pneumonia e influenza tendem a queda, com aumento mais expressivo dos internamentos por sarampo no período analisado.
Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com Hemofilia A e doenças associadas ao uso do fator VIII/recombinante
Authors: Bentes Marcos do Nascimento , Oliveira Viviana Maria Araújo de , Crispim Myuki Alfaia Esashika , Souza Cássia Rozária da Silva , Bentes Raquel Lins
Published: March 2022

Introdução: o Brasil é o quarto país em casos de Hemofilia A. O tratamento é infundir o fator de coagulação ausente. Reações ao uso do fator podem incluir manifestações alérgicas, doenças virais transfusionais e aloanticorpos. Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com Hemofilia A, e as doenças associadas ao uso do fator VIII e fator VIII recombinante. Metodologia: estudo transversal descritivo e retrospectivo. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de hemofilia A, preenchidos com mais de 70% das informações, na Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas, Brasil. Resultados: o Ministério da Saúde identificou no Estado do Amazonas, o registro de 276 indivíduos com diagnóstico de Hemofilia A. Incluídos para análise neste estudo 164 prontuários. Características sociodemográficas: homens 99,4%, adolescentes (28%) e jovens (26,8%); de cor parda 67,1%, ensino fundamental incompleto 28,6% e, exercendo a ocupação de estudante 42,7%. Condição clínica: 36,6% classificados com hemofilia A grave. Todos os pacientes tiveram diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial. O parentesco mais comum é o de irmãos com 35,3%. Sintomas predominantes: hemartrose 45,4%; dor 31,9%; edema 24% e artropatia 8,5%. O fator VIIIrecombinante, administrado em 34,8% dos pacientes, enquanto o fator VIII plasmático em 28,0%. Administrados doses de 2000UI a 2999UI. As complicações: artralgia 77,4% e hemorragia 77,4%. Conclusão: cuidados qualificados dos profissionais de saúde auxiliam na prevenção de complicações sérias, resultando em qualidade de vida ao hemofílico.
A novel AMPK activator shows therapeutic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing HIF1α‐mediated aerobic glycolysis
Authors: Tseng Hsing‐I , Zeng Yi‐Siang , Lin Ying‐Chung Jimmy , Huang Jui‐Wen , Lin Chih‐Lung , Lee Meng‐Hsuan , Yang Fan‐Wei , Fang Te‐Ping , Mar Ai‐Chung , Su Jung‐Chen
Published: March 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by rapid growth, early vascular invasion, and high metastasis. Currently available US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drugs show low therapeutic efficacy, limiting HCC treatment to chemotherapy. We designed and synthesized a novel small molecule, SCT‐1015, that allosterically activated adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) to suppress the aerobic glycolysis in HCC. SCT‐1015 was shown to bind the AMPK α and β‐subunit interface, thereby exposing the kinase α domain to the upstream kinases, resulting in the increased AMPK activity. SCT‐1015 dramatically reduced HCC cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. We further found that AMPK formed protein complexes with hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF1α) and that SCT‐1015‐activated AMPK promoted hydroxylation of HIF1α (402P and 564P), resulting in HIF1α degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. With declined HIF1α abundance, many glycolysis‐related enzymes were downregulated, suppressing aerobic glycolysis, and promoting oxidative phosphorylation. These results indicated that SCT‐1015 channeled HCC cells into an unfavorable metabolic status. Overall, we reported SCT‐1015 as a direct activator of AMPK signaling that held therapeutic potential in HCC.
Cooperative extension, experiment station, and Land Grant Universities: Competitors or partners for state funding?
Authors: Perry Gregory M.
Published: March 2022

The Cooperative Extension Service (CES) and agricultural experiment station (AES) have been integral parts of the Land Grant Universities (LGUs) for over 100 years. State formula funding has been the predominant source of funding for both CES and AES and also has been important to the LGUs. From 2008 to 2018, state funding remained essentially flat for all three entities, even when state budgets grew by 35%. LGU budgets increased by 52%, bolstered by healthy increases in tuition and fees, revenue from auxiliary services, and growth in grant funds. Some LGU leaders have reacted to the reduced or flat funding from the states by seeking to redirect funding from CES and AES to the LGU general budget. In this paper, we explore the fiscal relationship between these three entities, as well as identifying those factors that influenced changes in their budgets over the 2004–2018 period. All three entities function as complements in the budgeting process, rather than competing with each other for funds. Viewed across the states, CES operates from the strongest position politically, particularly among rural communities. AES is viewed much like the LGUs, subject to the same budgetary and political forces. Of particular concern is the apparent loss of political support by AES from the agricultural and rural communities.
Microcephalic primordial dwarfism with predominant Meier–Gorlin phenotype, ichthyosis, and multiple joint deformities—Further expansion of DONSON Cell Cycle‐opathy phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Nerakh Gayatri , Vineeth Venugopal S. , Tallapaka Karthik , Nair Lekshmi , Dalal Ashwin , Aggarwal Shagun
Published: March 2022

We report a patient with microcephalic primordial dwarfism with predominant Meier–Gorlin syndrome phenotype with ichthyosis and disabling multiple joint deformities in addition to classic features of the syndrome. The patient was a 10.5‐year‐old girl referred in view of short stature, joint deformities, and facial dysmorphism. There was history of intrauterine growth restriction and collodion like skin abnormality at birth. She had normal developmental milestones and intellect. On clinical evaluation, anthropometry was suggestive of proportionate short stature and microcephaly. There was abnormal posture due to spine and peripheral joint deformities, along with ichthyosis, facial, and digital dysmorphism. Skeletal radiographs showed radial subluxation, acetabular dysplasia and hip dislocation, bilateral knee joint dislocation, absent patellae, slender long bones with delayed bone age, and subluxation of small joints of hands and feet. Work up for metabolic bone disease and peripheral blood karyotype was normal. Whole exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic homozygous variant c.C1297T (p.Pro433Ser) in the exon 8 of DONSON gene. This report further expands the genotypic–phenotypic spectrum of the group of disorders known as Cell Cycle‐opathies.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Styrene‐Carboxylic Esters by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Controlled [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Yokose Daisuke , Nagashima Yuki , Kinoshita Suzuka , Nogami Juntaro , Tanaka Ken
Published: March 2022

Axially chiral styrene‐carboxylic esters were synthesized in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity by the cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐BINAP complex‐catalyzed chelation‐controlled [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐diynes with 1,3‐enyne‐carboxylic esters. The diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of C2 symmetric axially chiral cis and trans‐stilbene‐dicarboxylic esters was also achieved by the double [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions of two molecules of the 1,6‐diyne with 2,3‐dialkynylmaleate and 2,3‐dialkynylfumarate, respectively. In these reactions, the 1,3‐enyne‐carboxylic esters coordinating to rhodium with a five‐membered chelate were more reactive than those coordinating to rhodium with a six‐membered chelate, although both chelation modes realized excellent enantioselectivity. The enantioselection mechanism of the cationic rhodium(I)‐catalyzed chelation‐controlled [2+2+2] cycloaddition was elucidated by DFT calculations.
Efficient Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Formate by an Organic Polymer Dots Photocatalyst in Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Wang Sicong , Cai Bin , Tian Haining
Published: March 2022

A photocatalyst comprising binary organic polymer dots (Pdots) was prepared. The Pdots were constructed from poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole), as an electron donor, and 1‐[3‐(methoxycarbonyl)propyl]‐1‐phenyl‐[6.6]C61, as an electron acceptor. The photocatalyst produces H2O2 in alkaline conditions (1 M KOH) with a production rate of up to 188 mmol h−1 g−1. The external quantum efficiencies were 30 % (5 min) and 14 % (75 min) at 450 nm. Furthermore, photo‐oxidation of methanol by Pdots, followed by a disproportionation reaction and an oxidation reaction, produced the high‐value chemical formate. On the basis of various spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements, the photophysical processes of the system were studied in detail and a reaction mechanism was proposed.
4‐Bromo‐Butyric Acid‐Assisted In Situ Passivation Strategy for Superstable All‐Inorganic Halide Perovskite CsPbX3 Quantum Dots in Polar Media
Authors: Zhu Hong , Pan Yuexiao , Peng Chengdong , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun
Published: March 2022

A crucial challenge is to develop an in situ passivation treatment strategy for CsPbX3 (CPX, X=Cl, Br, and I) quantum dots (QDs) and simultaneously retain their luminous efficiency and wavelength. Here, a facile method to significantly improve the stability of the CPX QDs via in situ crystallization with the synergistic effect of 4‐bromo‐butyric acid (BBA) and oleylamine (OLA) in polar solvents including aqueous solution and a possible fundamental mechanism are proposed. Monodispersed CsPbBr3 (CPB) QDs obtained in water show high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 86.4 % and their PL features of CPB QDs have no significant change after being dispersed in aqueous solution for 96 h, which implies the structure of CPB QDs is unchanged. The results provide a viable design strategy to synthesize all‐inorganic perovskite CPX QDs with strong stability against the attack of polar solvents and shed more light on their surface chemistry.
Integrating Unexpected High Charge‐Carrier Mobility and Low‐Threshold Lasing Action in an Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Liu Dan , Wu Xianxin , Gao Can , Li Chenguang , Zheng Yingshuang , Li Yang , Xie Ziyi , Ji Deyang , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Xiaotao , Li Liqiang , Peng Qian , Hu Wenping , Dong Huanli
Published: March 2022

Integrating high charge‐carrier mobility and low‐threshold lasing action in an organic semiconductor is crucial for the realization of an electrically pumped laser, but remains a great challenge. Herein, we present an organic semiconductor, named as 2,7‐di(2‐naphthyl)‐9H‐fluorene (LD‐2), which shows an unexpected high charge‐carrier mobility of 2.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 and low‐threshold lasing characteristic of 9.43 μJ cm−2 and 9.93 μJ cm−2 and high‐quality factor (Q) of 2131 and 1684 at emission peaks of 420 and 443 nm, respectively. Detailed theoretical calculations and photophysical data analysis demonstrate that a large intermolecular transfer integral of 10.36–45.16 meV together with a fast radiative transition rate of 8.0×108 s−1 are responsible for the achievement of the superior integrated optoelectronic properties in the LD‐2 crystal. These optoelectronic performances of LD‐2 are among the highest reported low‐threshold lasing organic semiconductors with efficient charge transport, suggesting its promise for research of electrically pumped organic lasers (EPOLs).
Efficient Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia with Copper‐Supported Rhodium Cluster and Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Liu Huimin , Lang Xiuyao , Zhu Chao , Timoshenko Janis , Rüscher Martina , Bai Lichen , Guijarro Néstor , Yin Haibo , Peng Yue , Li Junhua , Liu Zheng , Wang Weichao , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan , Luo Jingshan
Published: March 2022

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) provides a promising solution for restoring the imbalance in the global nitrogen cycle while enabling a sustainable and decentralized route to source ammonia. Here, we demonstrate a novel electrocatalyst for NITRR consisting of Rh clusters and single‐atoms dispersed onto Cu nanowires (NWs), which delivers a partial current density of 162 mA cm−2 for NH3 production and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93 % at −0.2 V vs. RHE. The highest ammonia yield rate reached a record value of 1.27 mmol h−1 cm−2. Detailed investigations by electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ infrared spectroscopy, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and density functional theory modeling suggest that the high activity originates from the synergistic catalytic cooperation between Rh and Cu sites, whereby adsorbed hydrogen on Rh site transfers to vicinal *NO intermediate species adsorbed on Cu promoting the hydrogenation and ammonia formation.
Remote Site‐Selective Asymmetric Protoboration of Unactivated Alkenes Enabled by Bimetallic Relay Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Qiao , Wang Simin , Yin Jianjun , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2022

A remote C(sp3)−H bond asymmetric borylation of unactivated alkenes was achieved by bimetallic relay catalysis. The reaction proceeded through reversible and consecutive β‐H elimination/olefin insertion promoted by CoH species generated in situ, followed by copper‐catalyzed asymmetric protoboration. The use of this synergistic Co/Cu catalysis protocol allowed the enantioselective protoboration of various unactivated terminal alkenes and internal alkenes, as well as an unrefined mixture of olefin isomers, at the distal less‐reactive β‐position to a functional group, leading to chiral organoboronates.
Chemical and functional characterization of major protein fractions extracted from nontoxicJatropha curcasbyproduct meals
Authors: León‐Villanueva Andrés , Espinosa‐Alonso Laura Gabriela , Udenigwe Chibuike C. , Valdez‐Morales Maribel , Valdez‐Ortiz Angel , Barba de la Rosa Ana P. , Medina‐Godoy Sergio
Published: March 2022

Jatropha curcasseeds are a suitable source of oil for biofuel, among other use. A protein‐rich meal is obtained after oilseed extraction. The goals of this study were to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of a nontoxic genotype ofJ. curcasdefatted meal (JCDM) and the seed storage protein fractions to identify future applications. Both glutelin and globulin were the predominant protein fractions obtained from JCDM (42.03 and 20.17 g/100 g of protein, respectively). Leucine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, and histidine content of JCDM and protein fractions met the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommendation for children. The protein solubility (PS) profiles showed minimum values (5.3%–59.7%) at pH 5–6 and maximum at pH 2 (79.7%–81.6%) and above pH 10 (84.6%–89.8%). These findings suggest that JCDM proteins could be used in the formulation of juice or protein‐based beverages. All the proteins showed the highest values for foam expansion (231%–285%) at pH 9. JCDM and the albumin fraction formed highly stable foams at pH 9, while the globulin and glutelin foams were stable at pH 3 and 2, respectively. Protein with stable foams, like those from jatropha are suitable for application in ice cream, mousse, among others. The emulsion activity index had similar behavior as foam expansion, but did not follow a specific trend. Thus, the proteins are suitable for use in salad dressing, sausages, comminuted meats, and mayonnaise. Taken together, JCDM protein and its soluble protein fractions have strong promise as alternative proteins for food structuring.
The research data life cycle, legacy data, and dilemmas in research data management
Authors: Bossaller Jenny , Million Anthony J.
Published: March 2022

This paper presents findings from an interview study of research data managers in academic data archives. Our study examined policies and professional autonomy with a focus on dilemmas encountered in everyday work by data managers. We found that dilemmas arose at every stage of the research data lifecycle, and legacy data presents particularly vexing challenges. The iFields' emphasis on knowledge organization and representation provides insight into how data, used by scientists, are used to create knowledge. The iFields' disciplinary emphasis also encompasses the sociotechnical complexity of dilemmas that we found arise in research data management. Therefore, we posit that iSchools are positioned to contribute to data science education by teaching about ethics and infrastructure used to collect, organize, and disseminate data through problem‐based learning.
Evaluation of autoantibodies as predictors of treatment response and immune‐related adverse events during the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A prospective longitudinal pan‐cancer study
Authors: Barth Dominik A. , Stanzer Stefanie , Spiegelberg Jasmin , Bauernhofer Thomas , Absenger Gudrun , Posch Florian , Lipp Rainer , Halm Michael , Szkandera Joanna , Balic Marija , Gerger Armin , Smolle Maria A. , Hutterer Georg C. , Klec Christiane , Jost Philipp J. , Kargl Julia , Stradner Martin , Pichler Martin
Published: March 2022

Background

The presence of autoantibodies in the serum of cancer patients has been associated with immune‐checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy response and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). A prospective evaluation of different autoantibodies in different cancer entities is missing.

Materials and Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we included a pan‐cancer cohort of patients undergoing ICI treatment and measured a comprehensive panel of autoantibodies at treatment start and at the time point of first response evaluation. The presence and induction of autoantibodies (ANA, ENA, myositis, hepatopathy, rheumatoid arthritis) in different cancer entities were assessed and the association between autoantibodies and disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), and progression‐free survival (PFS), as well as the development of grade 3 or higher irAEs were evaluated by logistic regression models, cox proportional hazard models, and Kaplan–Meier estimators.

Results

Of 44 patients with various cancer entities, neither the presence of any positive autoantibody measurement nor the presence of positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) [≥1:80] at baseline was associated with the examined clinical endpoints (DCR, ORR, PFS) in univariable and multivariable analyses. After 8–12 weeks of ICI treatment, DCR, ORR, and PFS did not significantly differ between patients with and without any positive autoantibody measurement or positive ANA titers. The frequency of irAEs did not differ depending on autoantibody status of the patients.

Conclusion

Autoantibodies at treatment initiation or induction after 8–12 weeks of ICI treatment are not associated with treatment efficacy as indicated by DCR, ORR, and PFS or higher grade irAEs.
Ultrafast Electrochemical Capacitors with Carbon Related Materials as Electrodes for AC Line Filtering
Authors: Xu Shichen , Wu Mingmao , Zhang Jin
Published: March 2022

High‐frequency responsive electrochemical capacitors (ECs), which can directly convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), are getting more essential for the rapid development of electronic devices. In order to satisfy the requirements of ECs with fast rate capability and appreciable capacitance density, numerous efforts have been made towards the preparation and design of the electrode material, which is a decisive factor in the performance of ECs. Carbon‐related electrode materials have been widely shown to significantly increase the performance of ECs because of their light weight, high strength, and high processability. In this concept, the latest advances in the rational design and controllable fabrication of carbon‐related electrode materials, including planar 2D materials, random 3D, and vertical carbon materials are summarized. Moreover, the state of the art of carbon‐based ECs is discussed from the viewpoint of the structure of the electrode and performance of ECs. Finally, this concept presents integrated perspectives on the further design and preparation of carbon related ECs.
Highly Deep‐Blue Luminescent Twisted Diphenylamino Terphenyl Emitters by Bromine‐Lithium Exchange Borylation‐Suzuki Sequence
Authors: Wiefermann Julia , Schmeinck Philipp , Ganter Christian , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: March 2022

Four novel intensively blue luminescent chromophores were readily synthesized by bromine‐lithium exchange borylation‐Suzuki (BLEBS) sequence in moderate to good yields. Their electronic properties were studied by absorption and emission spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations revealing deep‐blue emission in solution as well as in the solid state and upon embedding into a PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) matrix with small FWHM (full width at half maximum) values and CIE y values smaller than 0.1. Moreover, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY), partially close to unity, are found.
Including students with special educational needs in physical education: An analysis of the current Finnish national core curriculum
Authors: Mihajlovic Christopher , Meier Stefan
Published: March 2022

The present article draws attention to the latest curriculum reform in Finland, which came into effect in August 2016 and promoted a shift towards a competency‐based curriculum which highlights diversity as a positive resource. The main aim of this study was to gain insights into the understanding of ‘inclusion’ within the context of PE policy in Finland and particularly focuses on the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN). This research focuses on PE, because the subject is still shaped by underlying sentiments representing traditional values such as nationalism and given gender roles which seem to contrast with the conceptualization of inclusion. Therefore, the current Finnish NCC (of PE) has been qualitatively content analysed adopting a deductive‐inductive approach. The findings demonstrate that the official documents build upon a broad understanding of inclusion and diversity, which is not only restricted to students with disabilities. However, the PE curricula provide few practical implications for teaching in diverse classes which may stem from inconsistency across the analysed documents in considering diversity issues. We conclude that the Finnish curriculum leaves room for teachers' pedagogical autonomy, but further research is needed to explore how it frames their possibilities to work inclusively in practice.
How do King Cobras move across a major highway? Unintentional wildlife crossing structures may facilitate movement
Authors: Jones Max Dolton , Marshall Benjamin Michael , Smith Samantha Nicole , Crane Matt , Silva Inês , Artchawakom Taksin , Suwanwaree Pongthep , Waengsothorn Surachit , Wüster Wolfgang , Goode Matt , Strine Colin Thomas
Published: March 2022

Global road networks continue to expand, and the wildlife responses to these landscape‐level changes need to be understood to advise long‐term management decisions. Roads have high mortality risk to snakes because snakes typically move slowly and can be intentionally targeted by drivers.

We investigated how radio‐tracked King Cobras (Ophiophagus hannah) traverse a major highway in northeast Thailand, and if reproductive cycles were associated with road hazards.

We surveyed a 15.3 km stretch of Highway 304 to determine if there were any locations where snakes could safely move across the road (e.g., culverts and bridges). We used recurse analyses to detect possible road‐crossing events, and used dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models (dBBMMs) to show movement pathways association with possible unintentional crossing structures. We further used Integrated Step Selection Functions (ISSF) to assess seasonal differences in avoidance of major roads for adult King Cobras in relation to reproductive state.

We discovered 32 unintentional wildlife crossing locations capable of facilitating King Cobra movement across the highway. While our dBBMMs broadly revealed underpasses as possible crossing points, they failed to identify specific underpasses used by telemetered individuals; however, the tracking locations pre‐ and post‐crossing and photographs provided strong evidence of underpass use. Our ISSF suggested a lower avoidance of roads during the breeding season, although the results were inconclusive. With the high volume of traffic, large size of King Cobras, and a 98.8% success rate of crossing the road in our study (nine individuals: 84 crossing attempts with one fatality), we strongly suspect that individuals are using the unintentional crossing structures to safely traverse the road.

Further research is needed to determine the extent of wildlife underpass use at our study site. We propose that more consistent integration of drainage culverts and bridges could help mitigate the impacts of roads on some terrestrial wildlife.
Benthic–limnetic morphological variation in fishes: Dissolved organic carbon concentration produces unexpected patterns
Authors: Bishop Chelsea E. , Gahm Kaija , Hendry Andrew P. , Jones Stuart E. , Stange Madlen , Solomon Christopher T.
Published: March 2022

Variation in traits related to foraging and locomotion in benthic and limnetic habitats has been observed in many fishes. Benthic and limnetic food chain productivity in lakes is strongly influenced by the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the water, suggesting that DOC might indirectly impose selection on these traits and lead to classic benthic forms at low DOC concentrations and limnetic forms at high DOC concentrations. We tested this hypothesis via geometric morphometric and meristic analyses of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus, Centrarchidae) from 14 lakes with DOC concentrations ranging from 4 to 24 mg/L. These lakes, located in close proximity to each other, straddle the drainage divide between the Mississippi River and Laurentian Great Lakes basins in northern Wisconsin, USA. Bluegill morphology was consistently related to lake DOC concentration in both drainage basins, despite differences in morphology between basins. Fish from higher DOC lakes had deeper bodies and smaller heads, among other differences, though the proportion of shape variation described by DOC was low. Gill raker length and inter‐raker spacing were positively related to DOC concentration. Although some traits were thus related to DOC concentration, the directions of these relationships did not match the predicted benthic–limnetic patterns. Further, no relationships were evident between DOC and gill raker number, eye width, pectoral fin dimensions, or pectoral fin insertion angle in univariate analyses. These variable outcomes suggest that selection linked to DOC does not map neatly onto the classic benthic–limnetic axis, that high DOC favors a benthic–limnetic generalist rather than a limnetic specialist, or that the benthic–limnetic morphological dichotomy is less clear and universal than is often suggested.
Managing weight and glycaemic targets in people with type 2 diabetes—How far have we come?
Authors: Blüher Matthias , Ceriello Antonio , Davies Melanie , Rodbard Helena , Sattar Naveed , Schnell Oliver , Tonchevska Elena , Giorgino Francesco
Published: March 2022

Introduction

As the vast majority of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are also overweight or obese, healthcare professionals (HCP) are faced with the task of addressing both weight management and glucose control. In this narrative review, we aim to identify the challenges of reaching and maintaining body weight targets in people with T2D and highlight current and future treatment interventions.

Methods

A search of the PubMed database was conducted using the search terms “diabetes” and “weight loss.”

Results

According to emerging evidence, treating obesity may be antecedent to the development and progression of T2D. While clinical benefits typically set in upon achieving a weight loss of 3–5%, these benefits are progressive leading to further health improvements, and weight loss of >15% can have a disease‐modifying effect in people with T2D, an outcome that up to recently could not be achieved with any blood glucose‐lowering pharmacotherapy. However, advanced treatment options with weight‐loss effects currently in development including the dual GIP/GLP‐1 receptor agonists may enable simultaneous achievement of individual glycemic and weight goals.

Conclusion

Despite considerable therapeutic progress, there is still a large unmet medical need in patients with T2D who miss their individualized glycemic and weight‐loss targets. Nonetheless, it is to be expected that development of future therapies and their use will favourably change the scenario of weight and glucose control in T2D.
Synthesis and Aggregation Behavior of Novel Linear and Branched Oligothiophene‐Containing Organosilicon Multipods
Authors: Polinskaya Marina S. , Luponosov Yuriy N. , Borshchev Oleg V. , Gülcher Jochen , Ziener Ulrich , Mourran Ahmed , Wang Jingbo , Buzin Mikhail I. , Muzafarov Aziz M. , Ponomarenko Sergey A.
Published: March 2022

The synthesis of novel oligothiophene‐containing carbosilane‐siloxanes of linear or branched structure with conjugation lengths of 4–7 thiophene rings, flexible aliphatic spacers varying from C3 to C11, and various degrees of branching of end‐capping solubilizing groups is reported. The investigation of their phase behavior by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy showed that although some of them can form liquid‐crystalline phases, the majority of the linear molecules exhibits a high degree of crystallinity, which decreases with increasing degree of branching. Aggregation studies in dilute solutions in toluene at different temperatures allowed determination of the temperature and concentration dependence of their dissociation. The investigation of thin films prepared from dilute solutions revealed the formation of fibril domains confirming aggregation of the molecules.
Early Cretaceous‐Cenozoic exhumation history of Luxi Terrane and adjacent areas, eastern North China Craton
Authors: Liu Chengyu , Li Guoyi , Liu Fangbin
Published: March 2022

The Luxi Terrane is important for understanding the large‐scale extension and lithospheric thinning in eastern North China Craton (NCC) during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic. However, the exhumation/uplift history of the whole region in comparison to its adjacent areas is still unclear. To address this issue, we compiled 892 thermochronological data using jointly Kernel density estimation and linear inversion approaches to identify the exhumation episodes and estimate the temporal and spatial variation of the exhumation rates. The results indicated that these areas all experienced three rapid exhumation episodes, throughout the Early Cretaceous (120–100 Ma), Late Cretaceous‐Palaeocene (90–60 Ma), and Eocene (50–35 Ma). While the existence of synchronous tectonic evolution, the exhumation rates are heterogeneously distributed throughout the Luxi Terrane and neighbouring areas in space and time. We suggest that tectonics may play a role in setting up the regional variation in exhumation patterns. Considering the plate reconstructions and integrating low‐temperature thermochronological studies, the Early Cretaceous rapid exhumation corresponds to extensive craton destruction, linked with the Izanagi slab rollback within a back‐arc extensional setting. The Late Cretaceous‐Palaeocene rapid exhumation is interpreted as a response to continuing craton destruction and lithospheric thinning resulting from the subduction of Izanagi‐Pacific. In the Eocene, we propose that the coupling effect of subduction of Pacific Plate and India‐Eurasia collision can trigger this cooling episode.
Outcome of therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndrome and oligoblastic acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Itonaga Hidehiro , Kida Michiko , Hamamura Atsushi , Uchida Naoyuki , Ozawa Yukiyasu , Fukuda Takahiro , Ueda Yasunori , Kataoka Keisuke , Katayama Yuta , Ota Shuichi , Matsuoka Ken‐ichi , Kondo Tadakazu , Eto Tetsuya , Kanda Junya , Ichinohe Tatsuo , Atsuta Yoshiko , Miyazaki Yasushi , Ishiyama Ken
Published: March 2022

Therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndromes (t‐MDS) are generally progressive and associated with poorer outcomes than de novo MDS (d‐MDS). To evaluate the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) for t‐MDS, we conducted a propensity score matched‐pair analysis of patients with t‐MDS and d‐MDS using a nationwide database. A total of 178 patients with t‐MDS underwent allo‐HSCT between 2001 and 2018, and 178 out of 3123 patients with d‐MDS were selected. The probability of 3‐year overall survival rate was 40.0% and 50.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.032). The 3‐year transplant‐related mortality was 30.9% and 19.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.005). The 3‐year cumulative incidence of relapse was 32.8% and 33.0% in the t‐MDS and d‐MDS groups, respectively (p = 0.983). A multivariate analysis identified four adverse factors for overall survival in the t‐MDS group: age ≥ 55 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.11–3.94; p = 0.023), the poor cytogenetic risk group (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.40–4.19; p = 0.019), performance status at allo‐HSCT 2–4 (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.19–3.86; p = 0.011), and a shorter interval from diagnosis to transplantation (<8 months; HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.00–2.57; p = 0.048). The most frequent cause of transplant‐related death was the infectious complications (21.6%) in t‐MDS group and organ failure (12.5%) in d‐MDS group. In conclusion, allo‐HSCT potentially provides long‐term remission in patients with t‐MDS; however, further efforts to reduce transplant‐related death are needed.
An Improved User Interface to Identify Sustainable Turfgrasses within National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Data
Authors: Morris Kevin N. , Kne Len , Graham Steve , Qu Yuanshuo
Published: March 2022

For over forty years, the National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) has coordinated trials and collected data on turfgrass traits from multiple species and sites across the U.S. and Canada. These trials are used worldwide for turfgrass cultivar improvement, sales and selection by everyone from researchers to turfgrass professionals to hobbyist turfgrass managers. However, using the NTEP web site (www.ntep.org), consisting of static, PDF or HTML‐based tables to select grasses does not allow for customized results based on geography, specific site conditions or management levels. Therefore, the identification of sustainable turfgrasses within NTEP data is currently difficult and in need of improvement.
Assessing the efficacy of and preference for positive and corrective feedback
Authors: Simonian Michael J. , Brand Denys
Published: March 2022

Feedback is an effective strategy for improving performance and consists of multiple characteristics. One characteristic that can influence feedback efficacy is its nature (whether feedback is positive or corrective) and little is known about the conditions under which individuals may prefer corrective over positive feedback. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of and preference for positive and corrective feedback during the acquisition of novel tasks. In the first phase, participants received either positive, corrective, or no feedback across three novel tasks. Participants only mastered the task in which they received corrective feedback. In the second phase, participants chose to receive either positive or corrective feedback after completing trials of the previous phase's control task. All participants chose to receive corrective feedback more frequently than positive feedback. We discuss the implications of the results for feedback delivery in the workplace and provide suggestions for future research.
Design of 1‐(2‐pyrrolidinone)‐butane‐1,3‐dione derivatives and acetoxylation of these compound's methylene via hypervalent iodine (III)
Authors: Aslanoglu Furgan
Published: March 2022

An interesting synthesis method for 2‐acetate‐1‐(2‐pyrrolidinone)‐butane‐1,3‐dione compounds was developed in this work. The synthesis of these compounds was carried out in three steps. In the first step, 2‐pyrrolidone derivatives were obtained by the Friedel‐Crafts reaction in presence of Eaton's reagent. Then, ‐NH group of 2‐pyrrolidone compounds were attached acetoacetate group in presence of 2,6‐trimethyl‐4H‐1,3‐dioxin‐4‐one reagent. Lastly, 1‐(2‐pyrrolidinone)‐butane‐1,3‐dione derivatives were reacted with Pida to attach acetoxy group to these compound's methylene.
Comparison between radiographers with sonography education working in remote Australia and radiologists’ interpretation of ultrasound examinations
Authors: Williams Imelda , Baird Marilyn , Schneider Michal
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Radiographers working in remote Far North Queensland (FNQ), Australia, need to possess unique skills sets in order to provide culturally safe practice to predominantly Indigenous communities. Due to the lack of onsite radiologists in FNQ, radiographers need to provide preliminary findings to referring practitioners including sonographic findings. The accuracy of such findings has not been evaluated to date. The objective of this study was to compare the level of agreement and recommendations for further investigations of FNQ radiographers to teleradiologists’ reports. As radiographic findings are not recorded or stored as part of routine practice, only sonographic findings were included in the study.

Methods

Consecutive de‐identified ultrasound cases were extracted between January and March 2019 inclusively by an independent investigator. The researcher scored the ultrasound cases between 1 and 4 according to levels of agreement between sonographic findings and teleradiologists’ reports, and recommendations between radiographers and teleradiologists were also compared using frequency analysis.

Results

Five‐hundred and thirty‐two ultrasound cases were included for this study. Of those, 517 (97.2%) were in complete agreement and 15 (2.8%) reported minor discrepancies. There were no moderate or major discrepancies suggesting an overall accuracy rate of 100% as the radiographer/sonographer findings were in close agreement with the teleradiologists’ reports. There was complete agreement regarding further clinical recommendations in 453 (85%) cases. The discrepancy in the remaining 15% of cases did not lead to any adverse or changed patient management.

Conclusions

This study supports existing evidence about the accuracy and timely communication of sonographic findings to radiologists and other health care professionals, in keeping with the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia expectations. It is likely that radiographer comments on plain radiographic images are equally as reliable, but this remains to be explored.
Silver nanostructure on ablated silicon wafer prepared via pulsed laser ablation for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Tran Trong Duc , Nguyen Thi Hue , Nguyen The Binh
Published: March 2022

We propose and develop a simple and cost‐effective method to fabricate surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for the trace detection of antibiotics. A nanostructured silicon (Si) surface is prepared by the pulsed laser ablation (PLA) of a Si wafer in distilled water. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized via PLA in distilled water are deposited on the ablated Si surface to form a SERS substrate (AgNP/aSi). Malachite green (MG) is used as a probe analyte to examine the SERS activity of the AgNP/aSi substrate. The AgNP/aSi substrate can yield an SERS spectrum of MG with high resolution at a minimum concentration of 0.01 ppm. Using the AgNP/aSi substrate, we investigate its capacity for detecting tetracycline (TC) residue in shrimp. The Raman peak intensities at 1320 cm−1 for TC concentrations from 10 to 0.1 ppm show a linear relationship with the corresponding logarithmic concentrations. Our simple and efficient method can be used for the trace detection of MG, TC, and other antibiotics in various applications via SERS.
Nipple‐sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction with a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap without skin paddle using delayed primary retention suture
Authors: Francis Eamon C. , Dimovska Eleonora O. F. , Chou Hsu‐Huan , Lin Yi‐Ling , Cheng Ming‐Huei
Published: March 2022

Background

This study investigated the outcomes of nipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) with a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap using delayed primary retention suture (DPRS) to achieve superior breast esthetics.

Methods

Between December 2010 and March 2021, patients who underwent NSM with DIEP flap were inset with or without a skin paddle (using DPRS) as Group A or B, respectively. Demographics, operative findings, complications, BREAST‐Q questionnaire, and Manchester scar scale were compared between two groups.

Results

Twelve patients underwent 12 unilateral reconstructions in Group A, while 12 patients underwent 13 DIEP flaps in Group B. There was no significant difference in demographics, ischemia time, flap‐used weight and percentage, complications of hematoma, infection, re‐exploration, partial flap loss, and total flap loss (All p > 0.05, respectively). At a mean 9 months of follow‐up, the Breast‐Q “Satisfaction with surgeon” domain was significant in Group B (p = 0.04). At a mean 12 months of follow‐up, the overall Manchester scar scale of 10.3 in Group B was statistically superior to 12.6 in Group A (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

The NSM with a DIEP flap using DPRS is a reliable and straightforward technique. It can provide greater cosmesis of the reconstructed breast mound in a single‐stage procedure.
Comprehensive profiling of Sanguisorba officinalis using offline two‐dimensional mixed‐mode liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, tandem high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and molecular network
Authors: Dai Yubei , Zhang Kailian , Xiong Ling , Wang Long , Guo Zhimou , Yang Jing , Wu Anguo , Wu Jianming , Zeng Jing
Published: March 2022

The profiling of natural products is important in modern biological sciences and new drug development. However, the separation and characterization of complex herbal extracts are significantly challenging for researchers in the biochemical field. Herein, an offline two‐dimensional mixed‐mode liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography system is developed. Our system exhibits high orthogonality and is composed of a newly prepared stationary phase in the first dimension and a traditional C18 phase in the second dimension, and is operated in combination with a high‐resolution mass spectrometry and molecular network. Sanguisorba officinalis L. is studied using the proposed method owing to its bioactivity. With the aid of orthogonal separation, the ionization of the individual components is improved. The number of detected compounds and separated peaks are significantly increased when one‐dimensional liquid chromatography is upgraded to two‐dimensional liquid chromatography. In addition, 270 compounds (127 of which are tentatively characterized as new compounds, and further confirmation is needed) are successfully characterized based on their fragmentation patterns under the guidance of molecular network, while only 95 compounds are characterized using one‐dimensional liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the developed offline two‐dimensional mixed‐mode liquid chromatography × reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, tandem high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and molecular network method are effective for profiling complex samples.