bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regenerative therapies for femoral head necrosis in the past two decades: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaole , Hu Liyou , Wei Bo , Wang Jian , Hou Decai , Deng Xiaolei
Published: January 2024

Background

Regenerative techniques combined with core decompression (CD) are commonly used to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). However, no consensus exists on regeneration therapy combined with CD that performs optimally. Therefore, we evaluated six regenerative therapies combined with CD treatment using a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Six common regeneration techniques were categorized into the following groups with CD as the control group: (1) autologous bone graft (ABG), (2) autologous bone graft combined with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (ABG + BMAC), (3) bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), (4) free vascular autologous bone graft (FVBG), (5) expanded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and (6) platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The conversion rate to total hip arthroplasty (THA) and progression rate to femoral head necrosis were compared among the six treatments.

Result

A total of 17 literature were included in this study. In the NMA, two of the six treatment strategies demonstrated higher response in preventing the progression of ONFH than CD: MSCs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.098, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0087–0.87) and BMAC (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.073–0.73). Additionally, two of the six treatment strategies were effective techniques in preventing the conversion of ONFH to THA: MSCs (OR: 0.062, 95% CI: 0.0038–0.40) and BMAC (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.1–0.074). No significant difference was found among FVBG, PRP, ABG + BMAC, ABG, and CD in preventing ONFH progression and conversion to THA (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Our NMA found that MSCs and BMAC were effective in preventing ONFH progression and conversion to THA among the six regenerative therapies. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking value, MSCs ranked first, followed by BMAC. Additionally, based on our NMA results, MSCs and BMAC following CD may be necessary to prevent ONFH progression and conversion to THA. Therefore, these findings provide evidence for the use of regenerative therapy for ONFH.
A novel AML1-ETO/FTO positive feedback loop promotes leukemogenesis and Ara-C resistance via stabilizing IGFBP2 in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Siying , Wang Hong , Zhou Jingfeng , Li Shuyi , Chen Guofeng , Guan Wei , Fu Xianli , Nervi Clara , Yu Li , Li Yonghui
Published: January 2024

Background

t(8;21)(q22;q22) is one of the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to the generation of the fusion protein AML1-ETO. Despite t(8;21) AML being considered as a subtype with a favorable prognosis, approximately 30–50% of patients experience drug resistance and subsequent relapse. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is demonstrated to be involved in the development of AML. However, the regulatory mechanisms between AML1-ETO and m6A-related enzymes and the roles of dysregulated m6A modifications in the t(8;21)-leukemogenesis and chemoresistance remain elusive.

Methods

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assay, m6A-qPCR, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA stability assay were used to investigate a regulatory loop between AML1-ETO and FTO, an m6A demethylase. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments both in vitro and in vivo were further performed. Transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing and m6A sequencing were conducted to identify the potential targets of FTO.

Results

Here we show that FTO is highly expressed in t(8;21) AML, especially in patients with primary refractory disease. The expression of FTO is positively correlated with AML1-ETO, which is attributed to a positive regulatory loop between the AML1-ETO and FTO. Mechanistically, AML1-ETO upregulates FTO expression through inhibiting the transcriptional repression of FTO mediated by PU.1. Meanwhile, FTO promotes the expression of AML1-ETO by inhibiting YTHDF2-mediated AML1-ETO mRNA decay. Inactivation of FTO significantly suppresses cell proliferation, promotes cell differentiation and renders resistant t(8;21) AML cells sensitive to Ara-C. FTO exerts functions by regulating its mRNA targets, especially IGFBP2, in an m6A-dependent manner. Regain of Ara-C tolerance is observed when IGFBP2 is overexpressed in FTO-knockdown t(8;21) AML cells.

Conclusion

Our work reveals a therapeutic potential of targeting AML1-ETO/FTO/IGFBP2 minicircuitry in the treatment for t(8;21) patients with resistance to Ara-C.
The influence of different clay/sand ratios on the hygrothermal properties of earthen plasters in the Maijishan Grottoes
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Yan Zengfeng , Xu Bokai , Bi Wenbei , Zhang Junjie , Li Hao , Qu Junhui , Zhang Songhao
Published: January 2024

Variations in temperature and moisture content in the earthen plasters of the Maijishan Grottoes can readily lead to mural deterioration. This study investigates the influence of two different clay/sand ratios on the hygrothermal properties of earthen plasters in the Maijishan Grottoes. Two distinct types of earthen plasters samples were created with different clay/sand ratios: one with a weight ratio of 30:70 and another with a weight ratio of 70:30. The hygrothermal properties of earthen plasters samples were examined, and the temperature and moisture content variations were evaluated based on measurement data of hygrothermal environment in three caves. The findings revealed that the influence of the clay/sand ratios on thermal properties was relatively minor compared to its effect on hygric properties. Lower clay/sand ratio resulted in decreased thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of earthen plasters, leading to increased temperature fluctuation, but the difference is minor. Additionally, in high-humidity environments, the difference in moisture content variations between the two types is greater than in low-humidity environments as the relative humidity changes. This research holds significant implications for the preservation of murals in the Maijishan Grottoes while also providing fresh perspectives for the restoration of multi-layered mural structures.
Dynamic immobilization of bacterial cells on biofilm in a polyester nonwoven chemostat
Authors: Zhang Chao-Lei , Wang Chao , Dong Yue-Sheng , Sun Ya-Qin , Xiu Zhi-Long
Published: January 2024

Cell immobilization plays an important role in biocatalysis for high-value products. It is necessary to maintain the viability of immobilized cells for bioconversion using viable cells as biocatalysts. In this study, a novel polyester nonwoven chemostat was designed for cell immobilization to investigate biofilm formation and the dynamic balance between adsorption and desorption of cells on polyester nonwoven. The polyester nonwoven was suitable for cell immobilization, and the cell numbers on the polyester nonwoven can reach 6.5 ± 0.38 log CFU/mL. After adding the polyester nonwoven to the chemostat, the fluctuation phenomenon of free bacterial cells occurred. The reason for this phenomenon was the balance between adsorption and desorption of bacterial cells on the polyester nonwoven. Bacterial cells could adhere to the surface of polyester nonwoven via secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to form biofilms. As the maturation of biofilms, some dead cells inside the biofilms can cause the detachment of biofilms. This process of continuous adsorption and desorption of cells can ensure that the polyester nonwoven chemostat has lasting biological activity.

Graphical Abstract
Children’s cloth face mask sizing and digital fit analysis: method development
Authors: Maher Mona , Du Puis Jenny Leigh , Goodge Katarina , Frey Margaret , Park Heeju Terry , Baytar Fatma
Published: January 2024

There is a necessity to use digital data and tools when developing children’s products. The present study was designed to provide digital methods to guide product development and problem-solving when using 3D body scans and face mask simulations for 6-year-olds. First, key facial measurements were evaluated to better understand the variables that might affect face mask sizing for children for the selected age group. Then the findings were used to optimize the size and fit of a cloth face mask design. Next, the fit of the digital, optimized face mask design was tested on 44 head scans from Size North America by using subjective and objective fit assessment techniques. Study findings suggested that width and length-related measurements are critical for children’s face masks. Body mass index (BMI) and ethnicity were also found to be the main factors for identifying size ranges in the selected age group. As BMIs increase, face mask sizes should increase. Additionally, the results indicated a need to use a larger database of children of all ethnicities to design an inclusive facemask that would provide a comfortable and protective fit for different facial proportions. Although the results cannot be generalized due to the case study approach of the present research and its focus on methods development, they can provide manufacturers, designers, and researchers with guidelines on how to develop proper sizing and use digital data to conduct functional fit analysis for facemasks.
Assessing portfolio vulnerability to systemic risk: a vine copula and APARCH-DCC approach
Authors: Mba Jules Clement
Published: January 2024

This study evaluates the sensitivity and robustness of the systemic risk measure, Conditional Value-at-Risk (CoVaR), estimated using the vine copula and APARCH-DCC models. We compute the CoVaR for the two portfolios across five allocation strategies. The novel vine copula captures the complex dependence patterns and tail dynamics. The APARCH DCC incorporates volatility clustering, skewness, and kurtosis. The results reveal that the CoVaR estimates vary based on portfolio strategy, with higher values for the cryptocurrency portfolio. However, CoVaR appears relatively robust across strategies compared to ΔCoVaR. The cryptocurrency portfolio has a greater overall vulnerability. The findings demonstrate the value of CoVaR estimated via the vine copula and APARCH-DCC in assessing portfolio systemic risk. This advanced approach provides nuanced insights into strengthening risk management practices. Future research could explore the sensitivity of the CoVaR to different weighting schemes, such as equal versus market-weighted portfolios. Incorporating the Gram–Charlier expansion of normal density into the APARCH specification enables a nonparametric, data-driven fitting of the residual distribution. Furthermore, comparing the CoVaR to another systemic risk measure could provide further insights into its reliability as a systemic risk measure.
“They should’ve talked to us more”: lay health advisors’ experiences with community-engaged hypertension research
Authors: Collins Cyleste C. , Shediac-Rizkallah Mona , Dolata Jacqueline , Hood Erika , Nonguierma Elodie , Thornton Daryl
Published: January 2024

Background

Lay health advisors (LHAs) are increasingly being used to increase patient and public involvement in research, disseminate health information, and work toward preventing health disparities within communities at risk. This research explored LHAs’ experiences with training and recruiting for a hypertension research project which ended due to minimal enrollment.

Methods

The methodological design was qualitative description. One face-to-face semi-structured focus group was held with eight African American LHAs in Cleveland, Ohio, in the fall of 2019. The focus group was digitally recorded and transcribed by a professional transcriptionist and thematically analyzed.

Results

Trainees reflected on how much they learned from the training and described feeling passionate and excited about their community work for the project. We identified three key themes from the data: (1) Systemic and Institutional Factors Affected LHAs’ Experiences (subthemes: Unnecessarily Burdensome Requirements and Exploitation of Community Members for Research Gain; (2) Feeling Used Yet Unseen: Exclusion from Decision-Making Processes; (3) Worrying that Project Termination Damaged their Reputation; and (4) Disengaging from Research. We share lessons learned, including the need for LHAs’ expertise to be integrated into research studies, and for projects to establish clear communication and expectations regarding research rigor and requirements.

Conclusion

Our results have implications for future studies attempting to build equitable and strong academic-community relationships to yield rigorous and useful research to reduce health disparities.
Prognostic impact of KIHON checklist score in elderly patients with hemodialysis initiation
Authors: Fujioka Hayato , Koike Tsutomu , Imamura Teruhiko , Yokoyama Shingo , Murai Sayaka , Kakeshita Kota , Yamazaki Hidenori , Kinugawa Koichiro
Published: January 2024

Background

Frailty pervades the demographic of individuals afflicted by chronic kidney disease (CKD) and exhibits a robust correlation with a less favorable prognosis. Nonetheless, the evaluation and prognostication of frailty within the incipient stages of dialysis initiation remain shrouded in ambiguity. The necessity arises for an uncomplicated metric that holistically assesses frailty among aged CKD patients, one which lends itself to pragmatic clinical application.

Methods

In our prospective endeavor, we conducted assessments using the “KIHON checklist (KCL),” a questionnaire comprising 25 points, thoughtfully crafted by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare to provide a thorough evaluation of the elderly population. This assessment was administered at the commencement of hemodialysis in patients aged 65 years or older. Subsequently, we analyzed the prognostic ramifications of the initial KCL scores on the composite primary endpoint, which encompassed the undesirable outcomes of either being bedridden or succumbing to mortality.

Results

A total of 24 patients (median age 76 years, 20 men) were included. The median KCL score was 6 [4, 10] points, and it was significantly correlated with the number of components in the revised Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study, which is a diagnostic criterion for frailty (p < 0.05). The group with a KCL score ≥ 10 points had a significantly lower 1-year freedom from the primary endpoints than the other group (43% versus 87%, p < 0.05). Among the components of the KCL, physical strength was significantly associated with the prognosis (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The screening protocol employing the KCL during the commencement of hemodialysis among elderly individuals proved to be a valuable tool for the anticipation of both the state of being bedridden and mortality.
The efficacy of tofacitinib combined with bDMARDs in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis patients with inadequate response to bDMARDs: a retrospective study
Authors: Chang Jie , Wang Gang
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. While biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs(tsDMARDs) are popular treatments for AS, there is limited research on their combined use. This study examined a cohort of AS patients who demonstrated inadequate response to bDMARDs and subsequently initiated combination therapy with tofacitinib in conjunction with bDMARDs, assessing both the efficacy and safety profile of this therapeutic approach.

Methods

In this study, we retrospectively collected the electronic medical records (EMR) of 15 adult patients with AS who were admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January 2018 and June 2022. All patients had received at least one bDMARD treatment for more than three months and still exhibited moderate to high disease activity. Tofacitinib 5 mg bid was added to their original biological treatment. Treatment was continued for a minimum of 12 weeks following the initiation of combination therapy. Changes in ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI scores at week 12 were collected and analyzed from baseline, while changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at weeks 4, 8, and 12 were also collected and analyzed.

Results

After 12 weeks of treatment, the overall ASDAS-CRP score decreased significantly from a baseline of 3.82 ± 1.47 (2.83 ~ 4.99) to 1.47 ± 0.48 (0.75 ~ 2.44), with remission achieved by 7 patients (46.7%) and low disease activity achieved by 5 patients (33.3%). The overall BASDAI score also showed significant improvement, decreasing from a baseline of 5.11 ± 1.42 (3.25 ~ 7 0.75) to 1.28 ± 0.70(0.20 ~ 2.55). Additionally, both ESR and CRP levels decreased significantly during the course of treatment without any reported adverse events leading to discontinuation.

Conclusion

To a certain extent, our findings provide some evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of the combination of bDMARD and JAK inhibitor tofacitinib in AS patients with inadequate response to bDMARD monotherapy. It effectively controls disease activity while maintaining a relatively low and manageable incidence of adverse events. Further prospective randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are anticipated to provide evidence-based medical support.
A decision support system to determine the amount of wergild and compensation based on forensic medicine clinical examinations
Authors: Habibi-Chenaran Sogand , Samadirad Bahram , Miandoab Amir Torab , Rezaei-Hachesu Peyman , Soltani Taha Samad
Published: January 2024

Background

Forensic medicine is crucial in ensuring that the law and justice are carried out as swiftly, effectively, clearly, and accurately as possible. The significant number and interactions of forensic clinical examination variables, the complexity of their differentiation, and the existence of multiple decision-making paths can lead to erroneous decisions that cause irreparable harm to individuals and society. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a decision support system for determining the amount of wergild and compensation based on forensic medicine clinical examinations and the severity of the patient’s injury.

Methods

A total of 264 data elements and decision-making rules were identified based on an analysis of information sources and focus group discussions. In addition, a decision tree was used to organize the decision-making rules. Then, a system was developed using algorithms for intelligent decision-making. We included 500 patients in our analysis. This system was ultimately evaluated based on the following criteria: precision and accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, usability, and documentation quality.

Results

The results indicated that the precision and accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the system were 100%. Furthermore, the documentation quality (completeness) increased from 78.2 to 100%. The average score for system usability was 4.35 out of 5, indicating a highly acceptable range.

Conclusion

The designed system was effective and beneficial for forensic clinical examinations and quantifying physical damage (wergild and compensation). Therefore, this system can be utilized in forensic medicine’s administrative and clinical processes, and its production and commercialization will result in an adequate market penetration rate. In addition, this will empower forensic medicine physicians and reduce decision-making errors.

Graphical Abstract
The Construction and Government of Lunatic Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane, by John Conolly
Authors: Mindham Richard
Published: January 2024

This article offers a review of John Conolly's book of 1847 concerning the construction and administration of asylums for the mentally ill, which gives detailed advice on the selection and management of staff and remarks on the role of the medical superintendent.
What impact could the legalisation of recreational cannabis have on the health of the UK? Lessons from the rest of the world
Authors: Roberts Emmert
Published: January 2024

Several jurisdictions across the globe have introduced legislation to legally permit the sale and consumption of recreational cannabis. This editorial considers current evidence from the rest of the world and asks how this might inform the possible consequences of ‘legalisation’ models in the UK.
Comparison of Two Methods for Determining Item Characteristic Functions and Latent Variable Time-Course for Pharmacometric Item Response Models
Authors: Arrington Leticia , Karlsson Mats O.
Published: January 2024

There are examples in the literature demonstrating different approaches to defining the item characteristic functions (ICF) and characterizing the latent variable time-course within a pharmacometrics item response theory (IRT) framework. One such method estimates both the ICF and latent variable time-course simultaneously, and another method establishes the ICF first then models the latent variable directly. To date, a direct comparison of the “simultaneous” and “sequential” methodologies described in this work has not yet been systematically investigated. Item parameters from a graded response IRT model developed from Parkinson’s Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) study data were used as simulation parameters. Each method was evaluated under the following conditions: (i) with and without drug effect and (ii) slow progression rate with smaller sample size and rapid progression rate with larger sample size. Overall, the methods performed similarly, with low bias and good precision for key parameters and hypothesis testing for drug effect. The ICF parameters were well determined when the model was correctly specified, with an increase in precision in the scenario with rapid progression. In terms of drug effect, both methods had large estimation bias for the slow progression rate; however, this bias can be considered small relative to overall progression rate. Both methods demonstrated type 1 error control and similar discrimination between model with and without drug effect. The simultaneous method was slightly more precise than the sequential method while the sequential method was more robust towards longitudinal model misspecification and offers practical advantages in model building.
Low-Dose Sulfonylurea Plus DPP4 Inhibitor Lower Blood Glucose and Enhance Beta-Cell Function Without Hypoglycemia
Authors: Cordiner Ruth L M , Bedair Khaled , Mari Andrea , Pearson Ewan
Published: January 2024

Context

Low-dose sulfonylureas (SUs) have been found to augment the classical incretin effect, increase glucose sensitivity and late phase incretin potentiation.

Objective

To evaluate potential synergy between low-dose SU plus a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor.

Methods

Unblinded randomized crossover study at the Clinical Research Centre, University of Dundee. Thirty participants with T2DM (HbA1c < 64 mmol/mol) were treated with diet or metformin. Participants completed 4, 14-day blocks in a random order: control, gliclazide 20 mg (SU), sitagliptin 100 mg (DPP4 inhibitor [DPP4i]), or combination (SUDPP4i). A mixed meal test was conducted after each intervention. The primary outcome was the effect of treatment on beta-cell glucose sensitivity. Secondary outcomes included frequency of glucose <3 mmol/L on continuous glucose monitoring, subanalyses by genotype (KNCJ11 E23K), gender, and body mass index.

Results

SU combination with DPP4i showed additive effect on glucose lowering: mean glucose area under the curve (mean 95% CI) (mmol/L) was control 11.5 (10.7-12.3), DPP4i 10.2 (9.4-11.1), SU 9.7 (8.9-10.5), SUDPP4i 8.7 (7.9-9.5) (P < .001). Glucose sensitivity mirrored the additive effect (pmol min−1 m−2 mM−1): control 71.5 (51.1-91.9), DPP4i 75.9 (55.7-96.0), SU 86.3 (66.1-106.4), SUDPP4i 94.1 (73.9-114.3) (P = .04). The additive effect was seen in men but not women. Glucose time in range <3 mmol/L on continuous glucose monitoring (%) was unaffected: control 1 (2-4), DPP4i 2 (3-6), SU 1 (0-4), SUDPP4i 3 (2-7) (P = .65).

Conclusion

Low-dose sulfonylurea plus DPP4i has a potent glucose-lowering effect through augmentation of beta-cell function. A double-blind randomized controlled trial would formalize efficacy and safety of this combination, which may avoid negative aspects of SU.
The European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors Staging System (2015): A United States Validation
Authors: Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Incesu Reha-Baris , Morra Simone , Scheipner Lukas , Baudo Andrea , de Angelis Mario , Siech Carolin , Tian Zhe , Goyal Jordan A , Luzzago Stefano , Mistretta Francesco A , Ferro Matteo , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F , Chun Felix K H , Briganti Alberto , Tilki Derya , Ahyai Sascha , Carmignani Luca , Longo Nicola , de Cobelli Ottavio , Musi Gennaro , Karakiewicz Pierre I
Published: January 2024

Objective

To test the ability of the 2015 modified version of the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors staging system (mENSAT) in predicting cancer-specific mortality (CSM), as well as overall mortality (OM) in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) patients of all stages, in a large-scale, and contemporary United States cohort.

Methods

We relied on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004–2020) to test the accuracy and calibration of the mENSAT and subsequently compared it to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (AJCC).

Results

In 858 ACC patients, mENSAT accuracy was 74.7% for 3-year CSM predictions and 73.8% for 3-year OM predictions. The maximum departures from ideal predictions in mENSAT were +17.2% for CSM and +11.8% for OM. Conversely, AJCC accuracy was 74.5% for 3-year CSM predictions and 73.5% for 3-year OM predictions. The maximum departures from ideal predictions in AJCC were −6.7% for CSM and −7.1% for OM.

Conclusion

The accuracy of mENSAT is virtually the same as that of AJCC in predicting CSM (74.7% vs 74.5%) and OM (73.7% vs 73.5%). However, calibration is lower for mENSAT than for AJCC. In consequence, no obvious benefit appears to be associated with the use of mENSAT relative to AJCC in US ACC patients.
Queer Remains
Authors: Myerson E. K.
Published: January 2024

This article traces the development of Jarman's imagination of medieval reliquary devotion as a practice of queer mourning and memorialization between 1981 and ca. 1993: from draft scripts for the unrealized film Bob-up-a-Down to Blue (1993) and his last hospital journals. In Jarman's works, the reliquary appears not merely as image but also in active use, evidenced in his assemblage paintings and his garden at Prospect Cottage, Dungeness. Jarman's reliquaries are analyzed in their archival contexts, drawing on medieval and modern repositories. These reliquaries are considered in relation to Jarman's own canonization by both the queer community and the artistic establishment. Before and after his canonization by the Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence in 1991, Jarman was deeply engaged with medieval mystical and medical representations of relics. Working amidst devastating losses and in the knowledge of his own approaching death, Jarman created reliquaries to challenge the denial of public mourning during the AIDS crisis. Jarman's archives emerge as inescapably plural, even within one repository. Like Jarman's imagined reliquary, these archives are made of jewels and ashes, the aesthetic and bodily remains.
European common frogs determine migratory direction by inclination magnetic compass and show diurnal variation in orientation
Authors: Shakhparonov Vladimir V. , Bolshakova Alisa A. , Koblikova Eugenia O. , Tsoi Julia A.
Published: January 2024

Animals can use two variants of the magnetic compass: the ‘polar compass’ or the ‘inclination compass’. Among vertebrates, the compass type has been identified for salmon, mole rats, birds, turtles and urodeles. However, no experiments have been conducted to determine the compass variant in anurans. To elucidate this, we performed a series of field and laboratory experiments on males of the European common frog during the spawning season. In field experiments in a large circular arena, we identified the direction of the stereotypic migration axis for a total of 581 frogs caught during migration from river to pond or in a breeding pond. We also found that motivation of the frogs varied throughout the day, probably to avoid deadly night freezes, which are common in spring. The laboratory experiments were conducted on a total of 450 frogs in a T-maze placed in a three-axis Merritt coil system. The maze arms were positioned parallel to the natural migration axis inferred on the basis of magnetic field. Both vertical and horizontal components of the magnetic field were altered, and frogs were additionally tested in a vertical magnetic field. We conclude that European common frogs possess an inclination magnetic compass, as for newts, birds and sea turtles, and potentially use it during the spring migration. The vertical magnetic field confuses the frogs, apparently as a result of the inability to choose a direction. Notably, diurnal variation in motivation of the frogs was identical to that in nature, indicating the presence of internal rhythms controlling this process.
Predictive Value of a New Muscle Parameter in Patients with Resectable Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Trials
Authors: Zhong Qing , Huang Jiao-Bao , Lu Jun , Xue Li-Wei , Lin Guang-Tan , Xie Jian-Wei , Lin Jian-Xian , Zheng Chao-Hui , Huang Chang-Ming , Li Ping
Published: January 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is closely associated with gastric cancer (GC) prognosis. However, its exact definition remains controversial.

Methods

This study included computed tomography images and clinical data of patients from three prospective studies. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA) were analyzed, and a new muscle parameter, skeletal muscle gauge (SMG), was obtained by multiplying the two parameters. The values of the three indices for predicting the prognosis of patients with GC were compared.

Results

The study included 717 patients. The findings showed median values of 42 cm2/m2 (range, 36.8–48.2 cm2/m2) for SMI, 45 HU (range, 41–49 HU) for SMRA, and 1842 (range, 1454–2260) for SMG. Postoperatively, 111 patients (15.5%) experienced complications. The 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were 74.3%, 68.2%, and 70%, respectively. Univariate logistic analysis showed that postoperative complications were associated with SMI (odds ratio [OR] 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–0.96), SMRA (OR, 0.87; 95% CI 0.84–0.90), and SMG (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98–0.99). After a two-step multivariate analysis, only SMG (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99) was an independent protective factor of postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis showed that SMG also was an independent protective factor of OS, DFS, and RFS. The patients were divided into low-SMG (L-SMG) group and high-SMG (H-SMG) groups. Chemotherapy benefit analysis of the patients with stage II low SMG showed that the OS, DFS, and RFS of the chemotherapy group were significantly better than those of the non-chemotherapy group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The prospective large sample data showed that the new muscle parameter, SMG, can effectively predict the short-term outcome and long-term prognosis of patients with resectable gastric cancer. As a new muscle parameter index, SMG is worthy of further study.
Case Report: Multiple atherosclerotic plaques at its extreme in synchrony
Authors: Toshniwal Saket , Sahai Isha , Ghosh Benumadhab , Chaturvedi Anuj , Agrawal Gajendra , Acharya Sourya , Kumar Sunil , Khadse Satish , Khurana Kashish
Published: January 2024

Peripheral artery (PAD) disease in association with renal artery stenosis is an important association which predicts the severity of the disease. An increase in the number of vessels affected by peripheral artery disease increases the chances of renal artery stenosis. In our case, the patient had primarily presented with anginal chest pain with complaints of claudication which on further investigation was diagnosed to be a triple vessel coronary artery disease along with bilateral subclavian and bilateral renal stenosis. On detailed history taking, risk factors like hypertension and chronic smoking was found to be present in our case which predisposed to peripheral artery disease secondary to atherosclerosis which was diagnosed on further investigations. Although the association of renal artery stenosis is not very rare in cases of severe peripheral vascular diseases, the presence of a triple vessel coronary artery disease in synchrony is what makes it unique. Take away lesson from this case report is importance of early diagnosis of dyslipidemia causing atherosclerosis and its complications. Multiple atherosclerotic lesions in synchrony i.e, bilateral renal artery stenosis with bilateral subclavian artery stenosis with coronary artery triple vessel atherosclerotic disease like in our case and its severity should create awareness among health care individuals and early treatment measures including lifestyle modifications should be considered to avoid such drastic events.
Corporate governance. Methodological tools
Authors: Tyulin Andrey , Chursin Aleksandr , Ostrovskaya Anna
Published: January 2024

The textbook contains the basics of the theory and practice of corporate governance, taking into account modern market trends related to the development of the knowledge economy, when information and competencies are key resources on which the successful economic development of a corporation depends. The practical issues of corporate governance from the perspective of regulating economic processes are considered, and the tools of corporate governance are described.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students, postgraduates and university professors who provide training in economics and management. It can be recommended to managers and specialists of companies involved in the corporate governance process.
Exploring the benefits of cold exposure in health and athletic performance - review of articles
Authors: Klimek Katarzyna , Bugla Klaudyna , Gabryel Łukasz , Wikarek Agnieszka , Dołęga Julia , Grabarczyk Małgorzata , Kosińska Paulina , Rybak Jakub , Magiera Barbara , Grabarczyk Alicja
Published: January 2024

Introduction and purpose: In recent years there has been an increase in scientific research regarding the body's exposure to low temperatures. The potential health benefits have captured the attention of both researchers and the general public. This article review provides an analysis of the existing literature concerning the impact of cold body exposure on health and athletic achievements.
Material and methods: A review of the literature available in the "PubMed" database and books was conducted. The search was performed by using the following keywords: "cold exposure", "cryotherapy", "cold shower", "cold-water immersion" and "winter swimming".
State of knowledge: Encountering low temperatures can be perceived as a physiological stressor. The body responds to this situation by activating adaptive mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, such as the activation of brown adipose tissue, improved glucose control and increased immune system activity. An increasing amount of data supports the positive impact of cold exposure on athletic performance. Potential benefits are indicated such as enhancing physical endurance through increased heat production and stimulation of the circulatory system, as well as facilitating faster body recovery.
Results and Conclusions: The article review indicates a growing interest in the impact of cold exposure. While there are encouraging findings of positive effects, further research is necessary for better understanding and determining the optimal conditions for achieving maximum benefits. This information could have a significant impact on the development of training strategies and health prevention.
La parlamentarización del juicio político en América Latina entre 1990 y 2022
Authors: García Marín Ignacio
Published: January 2024

La investigación analizó las interrupciones presidenciales que se han producido en América Latina entre 1990 y 2022. Los estudios realizados en la década de 1990 sobre la aparente falta de idoneidad del presidencialismo ante crisis políticas fueron cuestionados posteriormente por investigaciones que pusieron el relieve en la importancia de variables partidarias y contextuales para entender las crisis de gobierno. Este artículo intenta ir más allá, al describir la nueva ola de juicios políticos hasta 2022, planteando posibles causas de las salidas anticipadas de los presidentes y argumentado que puede estarse produciendo una parlamentarización del juicio político. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis comparado y longitudinal de los 155 presidentes que ha habido en América Latina en el periodo de estudio, lo que evidenció una debilidad de los jefes de Estado, un fortalecimiento de los congresos y un determinante rol del juego de mayorías partidarias.
Frontiers: Determining the Validity of Large Language Models for Automated Perceptual Analysis
Authors: Li Peiyao , Castelo Noah , Katona Zsolt , Sarvary Miklos
Published: January 2024

The paper explores the potential of Large Language Models to substitute for or to augment human participants in market research.
Renomes
Authors: Milward Júlia
Published: January 2024

Em “Renomes” exponho fotografias apropriadas das colunas sociais (anos 50/60), em que os rostos femininos estampados nas folhas diagramadas aparecem acompanhados de legendas que as identificam pelo nome e profissão do marido. As imagens, impressas em poliéster, são fixadas de forma que a parte superior da imagem fique sempre projetada para o chão.
Dark/Light: contrato de compra e venda
Authors: Ferreira da Silva Douglas , Da Escóssia Lima Rafael
Published: January 2024

No videoarte “Dark/Light”, Douglas Ferreiro e Rafael da Escóssia re-performaram obra homônima por Marina Abramović e Ulay. Nesta, os artistas trocam tapas alternadamente; naquela, Douglas e Rafael fumam maconha e conversam enquanto se acariciam. Produziu-se, então, minuta de contrato de compra e venda do videoarte em sua versão com som, cuja forma foi explorada poeticamente neste trabalho.
On the identity of three species of Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) described from Brazil by Millard C. Van Duzee
Authors: CAPELLARI RENATO SOARES , ALMEIDA KELLY FERNANDA DE
Published: January 2024

The identity of three species of Chrysotus Meigen (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) described by Millard Carr Van Duzee is clarified. Chrysotus brasiliensis Van Duzee (Brazil: Mato Grosso) is transferred to the genus Micromorphus Mik; C. parvipalpus Van Duzee (Brazil: Amazonas, Maranhão and Pernambuco) is redescribed and assumed to be closely related to C. antillensis Runyon (West Indies) and C. duzeei sp. nov. (Brazil: Roraima and Mato Grosso do Sul); and C. setosus Van Duzee (=C. neotropicus Dyte) is regarded as a junior-synonym of C. hirsutus Aldrich (Lesser Antilles, Dominica, Costa Rica, Peru, and newly recorded from Brazil: Pernambuco and Alagoas). In addition, C. brevitibia Van Duzee, previously known from Puerto Rico, Dominica and Argentina, is newly recorded from Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul).
Early antiplatelet therapy used for acute ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage
Authors: Buddhavarapu Venkata , Kashyap Rahul , Surani Salim
Published: January 2024

In this editorial we comment on the article published by Zhang et al in the recent issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases . We evaluate their claims on the benefit of use of Aspirin in the early management of patients with ischemic stroke. We also comment on their contention of using aspirin in the early management of patients with intracranial hemorrhage, a practice not seen in modern medicine. Large clinical trials such as the International Stroke Trial and the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial have shown the benefit of Aspirin use within 48 h of patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. The findings were corroborated in the open-label trial performed by Zhang et al in a smaller sample group of 25 patients where they showed improvement in functional scores at 90 days without an increase in adverse events. As such, this intervention is also recommended by the American Heart Association stroke guidelines from 2021. With regard to Intracranial hemorrhage, traditional practice has been to discontinue or avoid antiplatelet therapy in these patient groups. However, no studies have been done to evaluate this management strategy that is more borne out of the mechanism behind Aspirin’s effect on the coagulation pathway. Zhang et al evaluate the benefits of Aspirin on patients with low-volume intracranial hemorrhage, i.e. , less than 30 mL on computed tomography imaging, and show no increase in mortality. The caveat of this finding is that all outcomes were pooled into one group for results, and the number of patients was low. While more studies with larger patient groups are required, the data from Zhang et al suggests that patients with small-volume intracranial hemorrhages may benefit from Aspirin administration in the acute phase of management.
Perforated gastric ulcer causing mediastinal emphysema: A case report
Authors: Dai Zhi-Cheng , Gui Xun-Wu , Yang Feng-He , Zhang Hao-Yuan , Zhang Wen-Feng
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Mediastinal emphysema is a condition in which air enters the mediastinum between the connective tissue spaces within the pleura for a variety of reasons. It can be spontaneous or secondary to chest trauma, esophageal perforation, medically induced factors, etc. Its common symptoms are chest pain, tightness in the chest, and respiratory distress. Most mediastinal emphysema patients have mild symptoms, but severe mediastinal emphysema can cause respiratory and circulatory failure, resulting in serious consequences.

CASE SUMMARY

A 75-year-old man, living alone, presented with sudden onset of severe epigastric pain with chest tightness after drinking alcohol. Due to the remoteness of his residence and lack of neighbors, the patient was found by his nephew and brought to the hospital the next morning after the disease onset. Computed tomography (CT) showed free gas in the abdominal cavity, mediastinal emphysema, and subcutaneous pneumothorax. Upper gastrointestinal angiography showed that the esophageal mucosa was intact and the gastric antrum was perforated. Therefore, we chose to perform open gastric perforation repair on the patient under thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia. An operative incision of the muscle layer of the patient's abdominal wall was made, and a large amount of subperitoneal gas was revealed. And a continued incision of the peritoneum revealed the presence of a perforation of approximately 0.5 cm in the gastric antrum, which we repaired after pathological examination. Postoperatively, the patient received high-flow oxygen and cough exercises. Chest CT was performed on the first and sixth postoperative days, and the mediastinal and subcutaneous gas was gradually reduced.

CONCLUSION

After gastric perforation, a large amount of free gas in the abdominal cavity can reach the mediastinum through the loose connective tissue at the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm, and upper gastrointestinal angiography can clarify the site of perforation. In patients with mediastinal emphysema, open surgery avoids the elevation of the diaphragm caused by pneumoperitoneum compared to laparoscopic surgery and avoids increasing the mediastinal pressure. In addition, thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with intravenous anesthesia also avoids pressure on the mediastinum from mechanical ventilation.
Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture with Epiphyseal Injury in a Soccer Player: Treatment Options and Challenges
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Siddiqui Yasir Salam , Abbas Mohammad Baqar ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Agrawal Pranjal ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Anwer Adnan ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Khurana Shivank ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India., Abbas Mazhar ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Acute avulsion of the tibial tubercle is an uncommon fracture, with reported incidence rates of 0.4–2.7% of all epiphyseal injuries and <1% of all physeal injuries. Typically, these fractures present with marked displacement of the entire proximal apophysis, with or without intra-articular extension, and variable associated soft-tissue injury. The Ogden classification has historically directed both non-operative and operative treatment of this injury. The overarching objective of several fracture fixation techniques has been outlined as being to restore the joint surface and the extensor mechanism. Case Report: This case report describes the management of a 14-year-old male who sustained a rare avulsion fracture of the left tibial tuberosity with epiphyseal injury during a soccer game. The fracture was classified as Ogden Type III-B, indicating an intra-articular extension. The patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation with three cannulated screws and tension band wiring. Conclusion: The fracture united with no residual deformity and return of full range of motion. Tension band wiring provides stable reduction; hence, prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention in similar cases is important to optimize outcomes. Keywords: Tibial tuberosity, avulsion fracture, epiphyseal injury, open reduction, tension band wiring.
Coil Embolization for Asymptomatic Low-grade Vertebral Artery Injury which Worsened after Cervical Decompression Surgery: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, 2-52 Kozojikita, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan., Isaji Taiki , Yukiue Tadato ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, 2-52 Kozojikita, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan., Amano Takayuki ,   Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya Tokushukai General Hospital, 2-52 Kozojikita, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Blunt cervical injuries rarely cause vertebral artery injuries (VAIs), such as vertebral artery (VA) dissection or occlusion. To prevent subsequent embolic infarction, embolization of the injured VA is needed before surgical fixation of the cervical spine. However, evidence on endovascular treatment for asymptomatic low-grade VAIs with blunt traumatic cervical injury is insufficient. Case Report:In the present case, a 79-year-old Japanese man presented tetraparesis after falling while walking. Digital subtraction angiography showed no intimal flap and only slight stenosis of the right VA. Embolization was not performed before spinal decompression surgery for this low-grade injury. However, on the 3rd day after surgery, diffuse-weighted imaging showed dot-like high signal intensity in the right thalamus and right posterior lobe, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed near occlusion of the right VA. 8 days after surgery, MRA showed recanalization of the right VA flow. We performed VA embolization to prevent emboli scattering to the distal region during recanalization of the intracranial blood flow. Conclusion: According to the relevant literature, prophylactic embolization may be indicated to prevent the embolic infarction not only in cases of VA occlusion requiring fixation of the cervical spine but also in cases of low-grade VAIs in which fixation is not required. Embolization of the VA before spinal surgery might be an aggressive treatment strategy that avoids serious embolic infarction disorder after VAIs. Keywords: Blunt cervical injury, vertebral artery injury, cervical fracture