bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of precurrent responses expanding equivalence classes in a delayed matching‐to‐sample task
Authors: Ribeiro Giovan W. , de Souza Deisy G.
Published: September 2023

Delayed matching to sample (DMTS) increases the probability of equivalence class formation. Precurrent responses can mediate the retention interval in DMTS trials and control the selection of comparisons. In human participants, precurrent responses usually consist of naming the experimental stimuli based on their similarities to meaningful stimuli with preexperimental history. We tested whether precurrents expand classes by serving as nodes between experimental and meaningful stimuli. A DMTS (2 s) was used throughout the entire experiment. Eleven undergraduates learned A1B1 and A2B2 relations and then were submitted to ArC trials that required them to answer math problems presented during the DMTS interval: when the sample was A1, the problems resulted in 12 and C1 was correct; when the sample was A2, they resulted in 9 and C2 was correct. Response‐as‐node tests assessed whether participants would relate B1 and C1 to the printed number 12 and B2 and C2 to the printed number 9. Ten participants responded accordingly to this pattern, showing that the responses to the problems expanded the classes. Parity tests using the words “even” and “odd” further confirmed this hypothesis. These results contribute to understanding why DMTS enhances equivalence performances. Implications of using this procedure in stimulus‐equivalence studies are discussed.
Territorial Post‐Revascularization Remodeling of Chronic Coronary Syndromes: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Study
Authors: Elzoghby Mohamed M. , Salama Mai M. A. , Elsetiha Mohamed A. , El_Ahwal Hanan M. , Romeih Soha A. , Shaaban Mahmoud N. , Elmozy Wesam E.
Published: September 2023

Background

MRI feature‐tracking (MRI‐FT) can accurately assess ventricular myocardial deformation and regional function and may be a better predictor of mortality than ejection fraction and infarct extension. However, role of MRI‐FT in assessing coronary revascularization is unclear.

Purpose

To assess coronary revascularization effect on territorial left ventricle (LV) function of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients by MRI‐FT.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

50 CCS patients (age: 62.22 ± 8.70 years) scheduled for elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and 30 healthy controls (age: 35.33 ± 11.57 years).

Field Strength/Sequence

1.5T with balanced steady‐state free precession cine sequence.

Assessment

Global and segmental peak systolic longitudinal, circumferential, and radial myocardial strains were quantified in both patient and healthy control groups by an experienced operator using dedicated software. Patients were studied both pre‐PCI and 6‐month post‐PCI and LV territorial myocardial strain values were calculated by averaging the segmental values of each revascularized territory.

Statistical Tests

Student'st‐test, pairedt‐test, Mann Whitney test, and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Significance was judged at the 5% level.

Results

Territorial longitudinal strain showed significant 6‐month post‐PCI improvement in the left anterior descending (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA) territories, but there was not in the left circumflex (LCX) territory (LAD: mean − 11.41% ± 3.45% pre, −13.01% ± 3.53% post; RCA: mean − 11.11% ± 2.65% pre, −13.25% ± 2.81% post; and LCX: mean − 15.43% ± 3.97% pre, −16.17% ± 4.38% post,P = 0.215). Territorial circumferential strain showed significant post‐PCI improvement in all revascularized territories (LAD: mean − 13.73% ± 6.56% pre, −16.98% ± 6.01% post; LCX: mean − 13.23% ± 4.23% pre, −16.34% ± 3.45% post; and RCA: mean − 11.24% ± 3.36% pre, −13.80% ± 3.51% post). Territorial radial strain showed no significant post‐PCI improvement (LAD: mean 22.73% ± 12.38% pre, 21.79% ± 11.55% post,P = 0.541; LCX: mean 27.73% ± 7.95% pre, 29.0% ± 7.25% post,P = 0.264; and RCA: mean 36.68% ± 11.10% pre, 31.75% ± 10.95% post,P = 0.208).

Data Conclusion

Territorial LV systolic function was significantly improved by coronary revascularization in CCS patients.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 4
The A1762T/G1764A mutations enhance HBV replication by alternating viral transcriptome
Authors: Yang Danli , Zou Jun , Guan Guiwen , Feng Xiaoyu , Zhang Ting , Li Guixin , Liu Hui , Zheng Huiling , Xi Jingyuan , Yu Guangxin , Dai Lizhong , Lu Fengmin , Chen Xiangmei
Published: September 2023

The A1762T/G1764A mutations, one of the most common mutations in the hepatitis B virus basal core promoter, are associated with the progression of chronic HBV infection. However, effects of these mutations on HBV replication remains controversial. This study aimed to systematically investigate the effect of the mutations on HBV replication and its underlying mechanisms. Using the prcccDNA/pCMV‐Cre recombinant plasmid system, a prcccDNA‐A1762T/G1764A mutant plasmid was constructed. Compared with wild‐type HBV, A1762T/G1764A mutant HBV showed enhanced replication ability with higher secreted HBV DNA and RNA levels, while Southern and Northern blot indicated higher intracellular levels of relaxed circular DNA, single‐stranded DNA, and 3.5 kb RNA. Meanwhile, the mutations increased expression of intracellular core protein and decreased the production of HBeAg and HBsAg. In vitro infection based on HepG2‐NTCP cells and mice hydrodynamic injection experiment also proved that these mutations promote HBV replication. 5′‐RACE assays showed that these mutations upregulated transcription of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) while downregulating that of preC RNA, which was further confirmed by full‐length transcriptome sequencing. Moreover, a proportion of sub‐pgRNAs with the potential to express polymerase were also upregulated by these mutations. The ChIP‐qPCR assay showed that A1762T/G1764A mutations created a functional HNF1α binding site in the BCP region, and its overexpression enhanced the effect of A1762T/G1764A mutations on HBV. Our findings revealed the mechanism and importance of A1762T/G1764A mutations as an indicator for management of CHB patients, and provided HNF1α as a new target for curing HBV‐infected patients.
Electromagnetic Spatiotemporal Differentiation Meta‐Devices
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhan Junjie , Xu Ziyang , Shao Yifan , Wang Yubo , Dang Yongdi , Zhang Sen , Ma Yungui
Published: September 2023

Spatiotemporal optical computing devices that can perform mathematical operations in both spatial and temporal domains can provide unprecedented measures to build efficient and real‐time information processing systems. It is particularly important to realize the comprehensive functions in a compact design for better integration with electronic components. In this work, an analog spatiotemporal differentiator in microwaves based on an asymmetrical metasurface that has a phase singularity in the spatiotemporal domain is experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that this structure can give rise to a spatiotemporal transfer function required by an ideal first‐order differentiator in both spatial and temporal domains by tailoring the unidirectional excitation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). The spatial edge detection is performed utilizing a metallic slit, and the temporal differentiation capability of the device is examined by Gaussian‐like temporal pulses of different widths. It is further confirmed that the differentiator demonstrated here can detect sharp changes in spatiotemporal pulses even with intricate profiles and theoretically estimated the resolution limits of the spatial and temporal edge detection. It is also shown that the pulse input after passing the spatiotemporal differentiator implemented here could carry a transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) with a fractal topology charge.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Die Eisenzeit der Photochemie beginnt
Authors: Pannwitz Andrea , Sorsche Dieter
Published: September 2023

Photochemische Prozesse finden in Synthese, Oleds und katalytischen Prozessen statt. 3d‐Übergangsmetalle wie Eisen können die Farbstoffe und Photosensibilisatoren aus Schwermetallen ablösen.
Gründen: Warum gibt es so wenige Chemie‐Start‐ups?
Authors: Festel Gunter
Published: September 2023

Warum gibt es so wenige Chemie‐Start‐ups?
Multiscale numerical investigation of ratchet growth damage effects in PBX 9502
Authors: Hagengruber Tyler , Bennett Kane C. , Boyce Samuel H. , Rougier Esteban , Yeager John D.
Published: September 2023

This paper presents results of numerical experiments conducted on the high explosive PBX 9502 to investigate how recently observed grain‐scale damage mechanisms of ratchet growth [1] affect uniaxial compression measurements. Simulations are multiscale in the sense of directly resolving grains, pores, cracks, and grain‐interfaces based upon scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of damaged and undamaged samples. The combined finite‐discrete element method (FDEM) is utilized to resolve both grain‐scale microfracture and elastoplastic deformation of solid grains. Pristine (undamaged) and damaged microstructures are compared in simulation of unconfined compression tests of the same material from the literature. The simulation results show the observed microscale mechanisms of damage, specifically microfracture predominantly around and sometimes through grains and crack‐associated pore growth, can well‐explain the effective degradation of strength and stiffness observed in the laboratory measurements.
UCSF ChimeraX: Tools for structure building and analysis
Authors: Meng Elaine C. , Goddard Thomas D. , Pettersen Eric F. , Couch Greg S. , Pearson Zach J. , Morris John H. , Ferrin Thomas E.
Published: September 2023

Advances in computational tools for atomic model building are leading to accurate models of large molecular assemblies seen in electron microscopy, often at challenging resolutions of 3–4 Å. We describe new methods in the UCSF ChimeraX molecular modeling package that take advantage of machine‐learning structure predictions, provide likelihood‐based fitting in maps, and compute per‐residue scores to identify modeling errors. Additional model‐building tools assist analysis of mutations, post‐translational modifications, and interactions with ligands. We present the latest ChimeraX model‐building capabilities, including several community‐developed extensions. ChimeraX is available free of charge for noncommercial use at https://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/chimerax.
Data‐driven adaptive trajectory tracking control of unmanned marine vehicles under disturbances and DoS attacks
Authors: Liu Huiying , Hao Li‐Ying , Liu Yanli , Weng Yongpeng
Published: September 2023

This article researches the problem of trajectory tracking for unmanned marine vehicles (UMVs) under disturbances and denial‐of‐services (DoS) attacks in the wireless channel. An equivalent data‐driven model of UMVs with ocean disturbances is established by using partial form dynamic linearization algorithm. The disturbances and the input of UMVs have different pseudo partitioned Jacobean matrix, and the disturbances are estimated by using extended state observer, which improves the immunity of UMVs to disturbances in the environment. It is the first time that the DoS attacks are considered under the data‐driven model for UMVs, and a novel data‐driven adaptive trajectory tracking control framework is constructed. The article proposes an attack predictive compensation mechanism to mitigate their effects of DoS attacks, which follows the Bernoulli distribution. Based on it, the data‐driven adaptive trajectory tracking controller is designed such that the error of trajectory tracking is convergent under DoS attacks and external disturbances. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed data‐driven control scheme and the predictive compensation mechanism is validated through the simulations.
4D‐Printable Photocrosslinkable Polyurethane‐Based Inks for Tissue Scaffold and Actuator Applications
Authors: Goodarzi Hosseinabadi Hossein , Biswas Arpan , Bhusal Anant , Yousefinejad Ali , Lall Aastha , Zimmermann Wolfram‐Hubertus , Miri Amir K. , Ionov Leonid
Published: September 2023

4D printing recently emerges as an exciting evolution of conventional 3D printing, where a printed construct can quickly transform in response to a specific stimulus to switch between a temporary variable state and an original state. In this work, a photocrosslinkable polyethylene–glycol polyurethane ink is synthesized for light‐assisted 4D printing of smart materials. The molecular weight distribution of the ink monomers is tunable by adjusting the copolymerization reaction time. Digital light processing (DLP) technique is used to program a differential swelling response in the printed constructs after humidity variation. Bioactive microparticles are embedded into the ink and the improvement of biocompatibility of the printed constructs is demonstrated for tissue engineering applications. Cell studies reveal above 90% viability in 1 week and ≈50% biodegradability after 4 weeks. Self‐folding capillary scaffolds, dynamic grippers, and film actuators are made and activated in a humid environment. The approach offers a versatile platform for the fabrication of complex constructs. The ink can be used in tissue engineering and actuator applications, making the ink a promising avenue for future research.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with Toxocara canis in dogs and humans in Egypt: A comparative approach
Authors: Mubarak Asmaa Gaber , Mohammed Eman Sayed , Elaadli Haitham , Alzaylaee Hind , Hamad Rabab S. , Elkholy Walaa A. , Youseef Asmaa Gahlan
Published: September 2023

Background: Dogs are the most popular pet animals worldwide, and their frequent and close contact with humans poses an increased risk of zoonotic parasite transmission. Toxocara canis infection is a highly pervasive and economically significant zoonotic infection transmitted by dogs worldwide, commonly in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in developing countries.

Objectives: This study evaluates the epidemiological profile and associated risk factors of T. canis exposure among humans and T. canis infection in domestic dogs in two climatically different governorates in Egypt.

Methods: Faecal samples from 360 domiciled dogs were examined using the flotation technique to detect T. canis eggs. In addition, 276 human serum samples were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay over a period of 10 months from May 2021 to February 2022 in the Alexandria and Qena Governorates, Egypt.

Results: Shedding of T. canis was identified in 33.33% (120/360) of dogs and the overall seroprevalence in the human population was 20.65% (57/276). Lower Egypt, represented by the Alexandria Governorate, had higher canine infection (39.47%) and human seropositivity (29.87%) rates than those of Upper Egypt, represented by Qena Governorate (26.47% and 9.02% in dogs and humans, respectively). Statistical analysis of the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants revealed that handwashing, washing of vegetables and fruits and sex were associated with human T. canis exposure.

Conclusion: The prevalence rates of confirmed T. canis infection in the Egyptian dogs population and the associated human seropositivity rates reflect its importance as a public health concern and support the call to increase public awareness of this issue. The risk factors identified in this study can contribute to the development of more effective control and prevention strategies.
Confinement in (1 + 1) dimensions: a holographic perspective from I-branes
Authors: Nunez Carlos , Oyarzo Marcelo , Stuardo Ricardo
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In this paper we holographically study the strongly coupled dynamics of the field theory on I-branes (D5 branes intersecting on a line). In this regime, the field theory becomes (2 + 1) dimensional with 16 supercharges. The dual background has an IR singularity. We resolve this singularity by compactifiying the theory on a circle, preserving 4 supercharges. We study various aspects: confinement, symmetry breaking, Entanglement Entropy, etc. We also discuss a black membrane solution and make some comments on the string σ-model on our backgrounds.
Co-morbid tics and stereotypies: a systematic literature review
Authors: Cavanna Andrea E. , Purpura Giulia , Riva Anna , Nacinovich Renata
Published: September 2023

Background

Tics and stereotypies are childhood-onset repetitive behaviours that can pose significant diagnostic challenges in clinical practice. Both tics and stereotypies are characterised by a complex co-morbidity profile, however little is known about the co-occurrence of these hyperkinetic disorders in the same patient population.

Objective

This review aimed to assess the relationship between tics and stereotypies when these conditions present in co-morbidity.

Methods

We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on co-morbid tics and stereotypies, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Our literature search identified six studies of suitable sample size (n ≥ 40) presenting data on the association between tics and stereotypies in otherwise typically developing patients. A considerable proportion (23%) of patients diagnosed with stereotypic movement disorder present with co-morbid tics (range 18–43%). Likewise, the prevalence of primary stereotypies is increased in patients with tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome (8%, range 6–12%).

Discussion

Tics and stereotypies can often develop in co-morbidity. The association of tics and stereotypies in the same patient has practical implications, in consideration of the different treatment approaches. Future research should focus on the assessment and management of both conditions, particularly in special populations (e.g. patients with pervasive developmental disorders).
Enhancing cluster analysis via topological manifold learning
Authors: Herrmann Moritz , Kazempour Daniyal , Scheipl Fabian , Kröger Peer
Published: September 2023

We discuss topological aspects of cluster analysis and show that inferring the topological structure of a dataset before clustering it can considerably enhance cluster detection: we show that clustering embedding vectors representing the inherent structure of a dataset instead of the observed feature vectors themselves is highly beneficial. To demonstrate, we combine manifold learning method UMAP for inferring the topological structure with density-based clustering method DBSCAN. Synthetic and real data results show that this both simplifies and improves clustering in a diverse set of low- and high-dimensional problems including clusters of varying density and/or entangled shapes. Our approach simplifies clustering because topological pre-processing consistently reduces parameter sensitivity of DBSCAN. Clustering the resulting embeddings with DBSCAN can then even outperform complex methods such as SPECTACL and ClusterGAN. Finally, our investigation suggests that the crucial issue in clustering does not appear to be the nominal dimension of the data or how many irrelevant features it contains, but rather how separable the clusters are in the ambient observation space they are embedded in, which is usually the (high-dimensional) Euclidean space defined by the features of the data. The approach is successful because it performs the cluster analysis after projecting the data into a more suitable space that is optimized for separability, in some sense.
Open modelling problems: cognitive barriers and instructional prompts
Authors: Schukajlow Stanislaw , Krawitz Janina , Kanefke Jonas , Blum Werner , Rakoczy Katrin
Published: September 2023

Open mathematical modelling problems that can be solved with multiple methods and have multiple possible results are an important part of school curricula in mathematics and science. Solving open modelling problems in school should prepare students to apply their mathematical knowledge in their current and future lives. One characteristic of these problems is that information that is essential for solving the problems is missing. In the present study, we aimed to analyze students’ cognitive barriers while they solved open modelling problems, and we evaluated the effects of instructional prompts on their success in solving such problems. A quantitative experimental study (N = 263) and a qualitative study (N = 4) with secondary school students indicated that identifying unknown quantities and making numerical assumptions about these quantities are important cognitive barriers to solving open modelling problems. Task-specific instructional prompts helped students overcome these barriers and improved their solution rates. Students who were given instructional prompts included numerical assumptions in their solutions more often than students who were not given such prompts. These findings contribute to theories about solving open modelling problems by uncovering cognitive barriers and describing students’ cognitive processes as they solve these problems. In addition, the findings contribute to improving teaching practice by indicating the potential and limitations of task-specific instructional prompts that can be used to support students’ solution processes in the classroom.
Review of Pseudomonas species causing bacterial canker of Prunus species with emphasis on sweet cherry (Prunus avium) in New Zealand
Authors: Marroni M. Virginia , Casonato Seona , Pitman Andrew R. , Visnovsky Sandra B. , Beresford Robert M. , Jones E. Eirian
Published: September 2023

Bacterial canker of cherry is a major constraint to stone fruit production worldwide, including New Zealand. Six pathovars of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae are known to cause bacterial canker on Prunus species. From those six pathovars, P. s. pv. syringae (Pss), P. s. pv. morsprunorum race 1 (Psm1) and P. s. pv. persicae have been reported as pathogens of Prunus species in New Zealand, and Pss and Psm1 on sweet cherry (Pr. avium). On sweet cherry, extensive development of cankers and gummosis is usually observed, particularly during late winter and spring, with the progressive decline of trees resulting from the death of branches or death of the plant. In young orchards in New Zealand, losses of 20–50%, and sometimes the removal of entire cherry blocks have been observed. This review reports on the current knowledge of P. syringae pathovars causing bacterial canker of Prunus species, with specific focus on sweet cherry in New Zealand, and covers their identification, the infection process, virulence associated factors, epidemiology, symptoms, and management strategies.
Atomistic insights into the effect of temperature on capillary transport of water molecules in epoxy-modified calcium silicate hydrate nanopore: diffusion, kinetics, and mechanism
Authors: Xie Yiping , Luo Qi
Published: September 2023

The movement of water molecules at the atomic scale within the calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel pores serves a dual role: it creates an environment for harmful chemical reactions within the pores and functions as a carrier for the transport of detrimental ions, thereby affects the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials. However, direct experimental observation poses substantial challenges. This study offers new insights into how temperature (253 K, 273 K, 293 K, and 313 K) affects the capillary transport of water molecules in epoxy-modified C–S–H. The findings demonstrate that the pore size undergoes continuous changes during immersion due to epoxy clustering or detachment, resulting in three scenarios: narrowing of epoxy/C–S–H channels (253 K, 273 K), channel blockage (293 K), and complete detachment (313 K). Moreover, the interactions between water molecules and epoxy lead to epoxy detachment or cluster formation on the C–S–H surface. As the temperature increases, the interaction between C–S–H and cross-linked epoxy resin weakens. The coordination between C–S–H and epoxy resin decreases, while the coordination with water increases. This paper provides valuable insights into the transport behavior of liquids within the epoxy-modified C–S–H pores of cement-based materials. It contributes to a better understanding of how liquids move and interact within the modified pore structure, which is beneficial for enhancing the performance and properties of cement-based materials.
Is this time different? How Industry 4.0 affects firms’ labor productivity
Authors: Bettiol Marco , Capestro Mauro , Di Maria Eleonora , Ganau Roberto
Published: September 2023

Does Industry 4.0 technology adoption push firms’ labor productivity? We contribute to the literature debate—mainly focused on robotics and large firms—by analyzing adopters’ labor productivity returns when micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) are concerned. We employ original survey data on Italian MSMEs’ adoption investments related to a multiplicity of technologies and rely on a difference-in-differences estimation strategy. Results highlight that Industry 4.0 technology adoption leads to a 7% increase in labor productivity. However, this effect decreases over time and is highly heterogeneous with respect to the type, the number, and the variety of technologies adopted. We also identify potential channels explaining the labor productivity returns of technology adoption: cost-related efficiency, new knowledge creation, and greater integration/collaboration both within the firm and with suppliers.

Plain English Summary

Becoming Industry 4.0 technology adopter boosts Italian manufacturing micro, small, and medium enterprises’ (MSME) labor productivity by more than 7% on average. This is the key finding of new research based on original survey data collected from a sample of MSMEs operating in “Made in Italy” industries. Specifically, the research suggests that brand-new adopters of Industry 4.0 technologies gain a labor productivity premium compared to their non-adopting counterparts that lasts for up to 2 years after the adoption occurred. However, the productivity returns of technology adoption show non-linearities with respect to both the number of new technologies adopted by the firm and the variety of “technology groups” (production, customization, and data processing technologies). Overall, these results point to the relevance of industrial policies promoting the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies by MSMEs, and this seems to be particularly the case for all those countries where MSMEs make the bulk of the national industrial system.
Welke rol spelen jeugdartsen bij het re-integratietraject van een leerling met ziekteverzuim?
Authors: Boonen-Stael Hananja , Ruland Erik , Reijs Rianne
Published: September 2023

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Om mogelijke negatieve individuele en maatschappelijke gevolgen te minimaliseren is het van belang dat het re-integratietraject van leerlingen met ziekteverzuim succesvol verloopt. Onderwijsprofessionals en de jeugdarts spelen een rol in dit re-integratieproces. Met dit onderzoek willen we inzicht krijgen in opvattingen over deze rol en adviezen formuleren om de re-integratiezorg voor leerlingen te verbeteren.

Methoden

We voerden een kwalitatief onderzoek uit met semigestructureerde interviews bij tien jeugdartsen werkzaam in Zuid-Limburg. Deze werden thematisch geanalyseerd volgens de Grounded-theory-benadering.

Resultaten

De deelnemende jeugdartsen zijn zoekend naar hun rol bij re-integratie. Door een toename van complexe problematiek voelen ze zich onmachtig en ondeskundig. Ze hebben behoefte aan een duidelijkere rolbeschrijving voor jeugdartsen en onderwijsprofessionals, en het versterken van re-integratiekennis en -vaardigheden. Dit draagt vermoedelijk ook bij aan het verbeteren van het samenwerkingsproces.

Conclusie

De rol van jeugdartsen bij re-integratiezorg is volgens de Zuid-Limburgse jeugdartsen toe aan doorontwikkeling. Rolbeschrijving en scholing worden aanbevolen. Daarnaast moet worden geïnvesteerd in de samenwerkingsrelatie tussen de jeugdarts en onderwijsprofessionals. De rolverdeling van de betrokken actoren dient te worden besproken en duidelijke samenwerkingsafspraken moeten worden gemaakt ter verbetering van het re-integratieproces.
Big advocacy, little recognition: the hidden work of Black patients in precision medicine
Authors: Gerido Lynette Hammond , Resnicow Kenneth , Stoffel Elena M. , Tomlin Tiah , Cook-Deegan Robert , Cline Melissa , Coffin Amy , Holdren Jill , Majumder Mary Anderlik , He Zhe
Published: September 2023

As cost-effective next-generation genome sequencing rapidly develops, calls for greater inclusion of Black people in genomic research, policy, and practice are necessary for effective translation of genomic science into precision population health and medicine. Employing a community-based participatory mixed methods research design, we developed a semi-structured survey that was disseminated to three cancer advocacy organizations. Of the 81 survey respondents 49 (60%) self-identified as Black, and 26 (32%) indicated a prior breast cancer diagnosis. Black participants’ expressed concerns about genetic testing were evenly distributed between concerns that could be addressed through genetic counseling (24%) and concerns about subsequent use of their genetic data (27%). Patient advocates contributed to contextualization of respondent concerns in terms of community experiences. Although genetic counseling services and policies governing genomic data use are not always accessible to many Black communities, advocates on our research team provided a bridge to discussion of the intersection between respondent concerns and the roles advocates play in filling gaps in access to genetic counseling and data governance. Concerns expressed by Black patients underscore a shared need among all patients for access to education, inclusion in research, and assurances regarding the use and handling of genetic data. Black cancer patients have joined in patient-led efforts to overcome systemic inequities in cancer care to improve their health outcomes through representation. Often their efforts are overshadowed by a relentless burden of continued health disparities. Future research should support their hidden work as a means to reduce barriers and improve representation in genomic databases.
The circadian activity rhythms for elderly inpatients with stroke or motor diseases in a rehabilitation facility and its relationship to physical activity level
Authors: Nakagawa Yuki , Noda Kazue , Inoue Yosuke
Published: September 2023

Disturbances in the circadian activity rhythms (CARs) of inpatients in rehabilitation facilities delay the recovery of physical and mental functions. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the circadian activity rhythms of hospitalized patients in a rehabilitation facilitie using the synthetic periodic regression analysis, and investigate the relationship between their physical activity levels and CARs.An observational study was conducted. A group of thirty-four inpatients participated in the study by wearing wrist-type activity monitors to measure metabolic equivalents (METs). Using synthetic periodic regression analysis, the CARs were analyzed based on the amount of physical activity throughout the day, and the exercise intensity classification of their physical activity was assessed. In the CARs of the inpatients, the mean physical activity level was 1.23 ± 0.09 METs. The maximum amount was 1.36 ± 0.15 METs. The range was 0.30 ± 0.15 METs. The maximum phase time was 11:48 ± 2:31 h. The longer the duration of physical activity over 1.6 METs, the higher the mean, maximum and range of the CARs. Physical activities with a METs level of 1.6 or higher might have an impact on the mean, maximum, and range of circadian activity rhythms in hospitalized patients.
Theories of Human Learning
Authors: Lefrançois Guy R.
Published: September 2023

Both a serious academic text and an intriguing story, this seventh edition reflects a significant update in research, theory, and applications in all areas. It presents a comprehensive view of the historical development of learning theories from behaviorist through to cognitive models. The chapters also cover memory, motivation, social learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. The author's highly entertaining style clarifies concepts, emphasizes practical applications, and presents a thought-provoking, narrator-based commentary. The stage is given to Mrs Gribbin and her swashbuckling cat, who both lighten things up and supply much-needed detail. These two help to explore the importance of technology for simulating human cognitive processes and engage with current models of memory. They investigate developments in, and applications of, brain-based research and plunge into models in motivation theory, to name but a few of the adventures they embark upon in this textbook.
Complex Algebraic Threefolds
Authors: Kawakita Masayuki
Published: September 2023

The first book on the explicit birational geometry of complex algebraic threefolds arising from the minimal model program, this text is sure to become an essential reference in the field of birational geometry. Threefolds remain the interface between low and high-dimensional settings and a good understanding of them is necessary in this actively evolving area. Intended for advanced graduate students as well as researchers working in birational geometry, the book is as self-contained as possible. Detailed proofs are given throughout and more than 100 examples help to deepen understanding of birational geometry. The first part of the book deals with threefold singularities, divisorial contractions and flips. After a thorough explanation of the Sarkisov program, the second part is devoted to the analysis of outputs, specifically minimal models and Mori fibre spaces. The latter are divided into conical fibrations, del Pezzo fibrations and Fano threefolds according to the relative dimension.
An interactive patient transfer network and model visualization tool for multidrug-resistant organism prevention strategies
Authors: Octaria Rany , Cincotta Samuel , Healy Jessica , Gowler Camden , Paul Prabasaj , Walters Maroya , Slayton Rachel
Published: September 2023

Background: The CDC’s new Public Health Strategies to Prevent the Spread of Novel and Targeted Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) were informed by mathematical models that assessed the impact of implementing preventive strategies directed at a subset of healthcare facilities characterized as influential or highly connected based on their predicted role in the regional spread of MDROs. We developed an interactive tool to communicate mathematical modeling results and visualize the regional patient transfer network for public health departments and healthcare facilities to assist in planning and implementing prevention strategies. Methods: An interactive RShiny application is currently hosted in the CDC network and is accessible to external partners through the Secure Access Management Services (SAMS). Patient transfer volumes (direct and indirect, that is, with up to 30 days in the community between admissions) were estimated from the CMS fee-for-service claims data from 2019. The spread of a carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)–like MDROs within a US state was simulated using a deterministic model with susceptible and infectious compartments in the community and healthcare facilities interconnected through patient transfers. Individuals determined to be infectious through admission screening, point-prevalence surveys (PPSs), or notified from interfacility communication were assigned lower transmissibility if enhanced infection prevention and control practices were in place at a facility. Results: The application consists of 4 interactive tabs. Users can visualize the statewide patient-sharing network for any US state and select territories in the first tab (Fig. 1). A feature allows users to highlight a facility of interest and display downstream or upstream facilities that received or sent transfers from the facility of interest, respectively. A second tab lists influential facilities to aid in prioritizing screening and prevention activities. A third tab lists all facilities in the state in descending order of their dispersal rate (ie, the rate at which patients are shared downstream to other facilities), which can help identify highly connected facilities. In the fourth tab, an interactive graph displays the predicted reduction of MDRO prevalence given a range of intervention scenarios (Fig. 2). Conclusions: Our RShiny application, which can be accessed by public health partners, can assist healthcare facilities and public health departments in planning and tailoring MDRO prevention activity bundles.

Disclosures: None
Taylor's frozen hypothesis of the pressure fluctuations in turbulent channel flow at high Reynolds numbers
Authors: Mehrez Ali , Yamamoto Yoshinobu , Tsuji Yoshiyuki
Published: September 2023

We study the application of Taylor's frozen hypothesis to the pressure fluctuations in turbulent channels by means of spatio-temporal data from direct numerical simulations with large computational domains up to the friction Reynolds number

$R{e_\tau } = 2000$

. The applicability of the hypothesis is quantitatively verified by comparing the wavenumber and Taylor (frequency) premultiplied spectra of the pressure fluctuations at each distance y from the wall. Using the local mean velocity

$U(y)$

for the hypothesis leads to a large difference between both spectra with a value of

$O(50\,{\%})$

for its maximum from the wall to

$y/h \approx 0.2$

, where h is the channel half-depth. Alternatively, the convection velocity of the pressure fluctuations

${C_p}(y)$

, originally defined by Del Álamo & Jiménez (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 640, 2009, pp. 5–26) as a function of y, is investigated and adopted for the hypothesis. It is nearly equal to

$U(y)$

from

${y^ + } = 20$

to the channel centre, where

${y^ + } = y{u_\tau }/\nu $

, in which

${u_\tau }$

and

$\nu $

represent the friction velocity and kinematic viscosity, respectively. For

${y^ + } \le 20$

,

${C_p}(y)$

is almost constant with a value of around

$12{u_\tau }$

. Applying

${C_p}(y)$

for the hypothesis decreases the difference between both spectra down to a value of

$O(10\,{\%})$

for its maximum from the wall to

$y/h \approx 0.2$

. Finally, the difference between the pressure wavenumber and frequency premultiplied spectra near the wall is reduced further via applying a wavenumber-dependent convection velocity. This wavenumber-dependent convection velocity is the linear combination of the convection velocities of the turbulent structures associated with the pressure field weighted by their relative contributions to the pressure variance.
Must watch propaganda: the marginal treatment effect of foreign media among always-takers
Authors: Gulotty Robert , Yu Arthur Zeyang
Published: September 2023

Studies of political persuasion often use an exogenous encouragement as an instrument for persuasive messaging. However, for some people, such encouragement is insufficient, while for others, it is unnecessary. These individuals are excluded from methods that only estimate a treatment effect among compliers. Using the marginal treatment effect framework, we extend research finding that exposure to West German television increases support for communism. We find that, because of self-selection, for those who watch West German TV regardless of signal quality, i.e. always-takers, cutting off West German television would have increased support for communism. Our extrapolation shows that media choices reinforce, rather than mollify, political preferences.
Bidirectional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology: The moderating role of maternal affection
Authors: Chiang Shou-Chun , Bai Sunhye
Published: September 2023

Parenting stress and child psychopathology are closely linked in parent-child dyads, but how the bidirectional association varies across childhood and adolescence, and shifts depending on maternal affection are not well understood. Guided by the transactional model of development, this longitudinal, prospective study examined the bidirectional relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems and investigated the moderating role of maternal affection from childhood to adolescence. Participants were from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a diverse, nationally representative sample of 2,143 caregiving mothers who completed assessments at children ages 5, 9, and 15. Using cross-lagged panel modeling, we found bidirectional effects between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, additional multigroup analyses showed that bidirectional associations depend on the levels of maternal affection. In the high maternal affection group, parenting stress at age 5 predicted higher internalizing and externalizing problems at age 9, and reverse child-to-parent paths were found from age 9 to age 15. In contrast, only one cross-lagged path was found in the low maternal affection group. Findings suggest that maternal affection can heighten the transactional associations between parenting stress and child psychopathology.
Moniuszko and the Revival of the Noble Traditions: The Countess and The Haunted Manor
Authors: Swartz Anne
Published: September 2023

The two recently recorded CD sets of Hrabina (The Countess) and Straszny dwór (The Haunted Manor) in complete concert versions with eighteenth-century instruments add enormously to the Polish operatic repertoire in the nineteenth century, and offer a fresh listening experience for those who have long wished for first-rate recordings of lesser-known, yet brilliantly executed, works of the hitherto neglected composer, Stanisław Moniuszko (1819–1872). Born in the Minsk district of modern Belarus, Monisuzko was gentry, and his nostalgia for the customs, the fields and forest, and the rural community that shaped his childhood years, fuelled his enthusiasm for modern operas set in the eighteenth century. These stellar concert versions of The Countess and The Haunted Manor provide a fascinating glimpse into the provocative and glittering salons of the eighteenth-century Warsaw nobility, whose inhabitants stand firmly in contrast to the more modest and self-effacing life of the peasants and the country gentry. In both operas Moniuszko successfully provides a romanticized portrayal of pre-Partition courtly life in Poland. While these two operas were highly regarded as national treasures in Poland, they were not particularly well known outside of the country. Polish opera at that time was largely overshadowed by Italian, French, and German composers, and the nation's subjugation to the Hapsburgs, Prussians, and Russians throughout the nineteenth century contributed mightily to the neglect of staged works by Polish composers. Additionally, singers needed to be trained in the nuances and inflections of the language. Prior recordings were either incomplete or were not available with English translations of the librettos. With the Biondi and Nowak recordings, Moniuszko's vision of expanding his art to a global audience has finally been achieved. These recordings are accessible to all opera enthusiasts on an international playing field.
Parity constitutionalism
Authors: Dixon Rosalind , Prieto Rudolphy Marcela
Published: September 2023

In 2021, the Chilean Convention became the first constitution-making body with gender parity. However, the draft – which reflected many gender-related norms – was rejected by 61.89 per cent of voters in the exit plebiscite of 2022. In this article, we argue that although parity constitutionalism has promise and, in the Chilean case, was linked to gender-related outcomes in the constitutional text, parity’s promise may fail to materialize. We thus caution against a naïve view of parity constitutionalism as one of the key legacies of the 2020–22 Chilean constitution-making process.
Linking Sediment Gas Storage to the Methane Dynamics in a Shallow Freshwater Reservoir
Authors: Marcon Lediane , Schwarz Michael , Backes Laura , Offermann Mara , Schreiber Felix , Hilgert Stephan , Sotiri Klajdi , Jokiel Christian , Lorke Andreas
Published: September 2023

Freshwater reservoirs are globally relevant sources of the greenhouse gas methane. Organic matter rich sediments are hot spots of methane production and can store large amounts of methane dissolved in porewater and as free gas. Yet, in situ data on the gas storage as free gas (bubbles) in freshwater sediments are scarce. Here, an acoustic approach was tested and used to map the gas content in the sediment of a shallow temperate reservoir. The sediment gas storage was linked to the methane budget obtained from almost 2 years of in situ monitoring. The emission fluxes were dominated by ebullition and degassing at the reservoir outlet, which combined accounted for 93% of the total methane emissions. 66% of the ebullition variability was explained by a combination of environmental parameters. Mappings of sediment gas content using echo sounder surveys revealed the accumulation of free gas in regions of elevated sediment deposition. Temporally, the gas storage in the sediment was related to methane emissions, in which a period of intensified emissions resulted in a reduction of sediment gas storage. The sediment could store an equivalent of 4 to 13 days of accumulated potential methane production, which could supply the mean ebullition flux for more than 2 months. We suggest that sediment gas storage plays an important role in buffering and modulating methane emissions in aquatic systems and need to be accounted for in process‐based models.
Non‐Lightning‐Generated Whistler Waves in Near‐Venus Space
Authors: George H. , Malaspina D. M. , Goodrich K. , Ma Y. , Ramstad R. , Conner D. , Bale S. D. , Curry S.
Published: September 2023

The occurrence of Venusian lighting has been debated for decades. Terrestrial lightning generates whistler waves, and many whistlers have been observed in Venus's ionosphere and induced magnetosphere. Venusian lightning occurrence rates derived from these whistler observations are relatively high. However, optical flashes on Venus are exceedingly rare and Venus encounters by multiple spacecrafts have not detected lightning. These non‐detections and rare optical observations are consistent with low Venusian lightning occurrence rates, which is incompatible with the high whistler‐derived rates. We present observations of whistlers during a Parker Solar Probe Venus gravity assist and eliminate lightning as a possible source. These waves are observed at an altitude of 0.39 Venus radii on Venus' nightside with planetward propagation and are simultaneous with Langmuir waves. This provides a mechanism for whistler generation near Venus that does not require lightning, and suggests that whistler‐based lightning occurrence rates may be overestimated.