bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newborn Weight Loss Tool and Readmission for Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Schutzman David L. , Kuter Nazli , Salvador Agnes , Wyatt Dorothy , Snijder Juan , Peregrino Manuel , Basu Rhea , Irigoyen Matilde
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if the Newborn Weight Loss Tool (NEWT) can predict hospital readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia.

Study Design This is a case–control study of 93 newborns and 186 controls ≥35 weeks' gestation. All were discharged from the Mother–Baby unit of an urban academic center and subsequently readmitted for hyperbilirubinemia. Controls were matched for date of birth, gestational age, and Bhutani risk zone. All infants were screened for hyperbilirubinemia prior to discharge and managed according to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines in place at the time. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis were utilized as appropriate.

Results There was no significant difference between the groups for a NEWT < 50% at discharge. More cases than controls breastfed. A significantly greater percentage of cases had NEWT > 50% at readmission than discharge. NEWT > 90% was moderately associated with readmission for hyperbilirubinemia (p = 0.081).

Conclusion NEWT provides a more nuanced assessment of weight loss following birth and can aid in highlighting newborns at risk for readmission due to hyperbilirubinemia.

Key Points
How to Reach the Best Ultrasound Performance in the Delivery Room
Authors: Santana Eduardo Félix Martins , Castello Renata Gomes , Passos Maria Eduarda Tenório , Ribeiro Gabriela Carneiro Freitas , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: December 2022

Ultrasonography is an instrument that is present in the maternal-fetal assessment throughout pregnancy and with widely documented benefits, but its use in intrapartum is becoming increasingly relevant. From the assessment of labor progression to the assessment of placental disorders, ultrasound can be used to correlate with physiological findings and physical examination, as its benefit in the delivery room cannot yet be proven. There are still few professionals with adequate training for its use in the delivery room and for the correct interpretation of data. Thus, this article aims to present a review of the entire applicability of ultrasound in the delivery room, considering the main stages of labor. There is still limited research in evidence-based medicine of its various possible uses in intrapartum, but it is expected that further studies can bring improvements in the quality of maternal and neonatal health during labor.
Association of Dual Venous Anastomosis with Reduced Risks for Flap Congestion in Microsurgical Lower Extremity Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Lee Sang-Hun , Lee Kyeong-Tae , Park Bo Young
Published: December 2022

Background Flap congestion related with venous thrombosis is a major cause for microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction failure. Conducting dual venous anastomosis has been suggested to reduce risks for the adverse outcomes; however, its efficacy remains controversial. This study evaluated a potential association of dual venous anastomosis with the development of flap congestion in diverse clinical situations.

Methods This multicenter study included patients who underwent microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction at two institutions. They were divided into two groups based on the number of venous anastomoses—single and dual groups. Their perfusion-related complications (PRCs), including total/partial flap loss, arterial or venous insufficiency, and emergent reoperation, were compared. Independent association of the number of venous anastomoses with the outcomes was evaluated. Further analyses were conducted using propensity score matching.

Results In total, 225 cases were analyzed, of which 92 were included in the single group and the other 133 in the dual group. The two groups had generally similar baseline characteristics. The dual group presented significantly lower rates of PRC, including total/partial flap loss, flap congestion, and emergent reoperation. Multivariable analyses showed that conducting dual venous anastomoses was associated with reduced risks for the development of overall PRC and flap congestion. These associations were more prominent when restricting analyses for cases with chronic wound and trauma (vs. oncologic defects). Similar associations were observed in the propensity score matching analysis.

Conclusion Conducting dual venous anastomosis seems associated with reduced risks for flap congestion in microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction, especially for cases with unfavorable conditions.
The statistics of time varying cross-sectional information coefficients
Authors: Ding Zhuanxin , Sun Yixiao
Published: December 2022

The information coefficient (IC), defined as the correlation coefficient between a stock return and its factor exposures predictor variables, is one of the most commonly used statistics in quantitative financial analysis. In this paper, we establish consistency and asymptotic normality of the time series average of cross-sectional sample ICs when the true underlying ICs between the risk-adjusted residual return and the standardized factor exposures are time varying. We use those results to show that the time series average of the cross-sectional sample ICs divided by its sample standard deviation converges to the ex ante expected portfolio information ratio (IR) as derived in Ding and Martin (2017). A simulation study based on a true factor model shows that the finite sample results are strikingly close to what the theory suggests. We also conduct empirical simulations using actual stock returns and quantitative factor exposures, and we find that the logarithm of the estimated IR can be explained very well by a function of the IC mean, the IC standard deviation, and the sample size in exactly the same way as predicted by our theory built on a linear factor model with time varying ICs.
A barrier to COVID-19 in the workplace
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: December 2022

Plexiglass barriers block over 80 percent of aerosolized droplets expelled during a cough, but openings and ambient airflow can alter this effectiveness.
Electronic measurements of entropy in meso- and nanoscale systems
Authors: Pyurbeeva Eugenia , Mol Jan A. , Gehring Pascal
Published: December 2022

Entropy is one of the most fundamental quantities in physics. For systems with few degrees of freedom, the value of entropy provides a powerful insight into its microscopic dynamics, such as the number, degeneracy, and relative energies of electronic states, the value of spin, degree of localization and entanglement, and the emergence of exotic states such as non-Abelian anyons. As the size of a system decreases, the conventional methods for measuring entropy, based on heat capacity, quickly become infeasible due to the requirement of increasingly accurate measurements of heat. Several methods to directly measure entropy of mesoscopic quantum systems have recently been developed. These methods use electronic measurements of charge, conductance and thermocurrent, rather than heat, and have been successfully applied to a wide range of systems, from quantum dots and molecules, to quantum Hall states and twisted bilayer graphene. In this Review, we provide an overview of electronic direct entropy measurement methods, discuss their theoretical background, compare their ranges of applicability and look into the directions of their future extensions and applications.
A fast-modeling algorithm to predict the thermo-field emission and thermal stability of field emitter arrays
Authors: Mofakhami Darius , Seznec Benjamin , Landfried Romaric , Teste Philippe , Dessante Philippe , Minea Tiberiu
Published: December 2022

In the last decades, numerical simulation has become a precious tool to assist the design and study of electron sources based on regular arrays of field emitters. Simulations of field emitter arrays (FEAs) require 3D treatment to account for the interactions between neighbor emitters. Therefore, modeling the thermal evolution of FEAs involves high computational resources due to the multi-physics approach and time dependency. The present paper proposes an algorithm which gives a fast prediction of the self-heating of a large array of N axisymmetric field emitters. It consists in finding for each emitter the equivalent 2D axisymmetric situation yielding the same electron current at 300 K as in the 3D array. The 3D modeling is thus efficiently split into N simulations in 2D, with a significant computation time reduction by at least one order of magnitude. The proof of concept uses 3×3 arrays of ideal emitters. Our results show a correct prediction, within a few percent, of the array thermo-field current and maximum temperature—two quantities of high interest for thermal failure and breakdown voltage considerations. The algorithm paves the way for including thermal effects in future optimization studies of realistic FEAs.
Effect of auxetic structures parameters variation on PVDF-based piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Tikariha Ankit Kumar , Saurabh Nishchay , Gudipadu Venkatesh , Patel Satyanarayan
Published: December 2022

This work deals with enhancing piezoelectric energy harvesting by incorporating different auxetic structures and varying geometrical parameters. A bimorph consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride as a piezoelectric layer and brass auxetic substrate (re-entrant, s-shape, and elliptical holes) are considered for analysis. A finite element method-based simulation is performed to find the best auxetic systems that provide higher power output. The environmental vibration is taken for energy harvesting; thus, the first resonance frequency is below 100 Hz. The maximum power of ∼0.52, ∼0.67, and ∼0.79 mW is estimated for piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH’s) re-entrant, s-shape, and elliptical holes. The auxetic re-entrant, s-shape, and elliptical substrate-based PEHs show 200%, 300%, and 333% more power than the solid substrate (conventional design). However, the elliptical-based auxetic structure obtains a maximum power density of 0.004 66 mW/mm3. The stresses in all structures are within the permissible limit; hence, any design can be used for practical applications. All three auxetics have comparable geometrical dimensions and the same material is used; thus, auxetic behavior is independent of the material employed and depends on the structure’s shape. The estimated power is higher than that reported in the literature.
Dual-gated ambipolar oxide synaptic transistor for multistate excitatory and inhibitory responses
Authors: Zhang Yong , Huang Chi-Hsin , Nomura Kenji
Published: December 2022

Developing tunable and multi-input artificial synaptic devices is a significant step to realize diverse functionalities inspired by a bio-neural network and is essential to advance the development of multifunctional human-like neuromorphic devices. This study developed an artificial synaptic device exhibiting tunable and multi-state excitatory and inhibitory responses by using a dual-gated (DG) ambipolar boron-doped SnO thin-film transistor. We demonstrated dynamic modulation of multi-state potentiation/depression responses in both reconfigurable excitatory and inhibitory modes by the DG operation in a single ambipolar transistor. In comparison with conventional single-gate devices, the DG configuration improved the linearity and the symmetricity of synaptic weight updates in addition to the capability of conduction level tuning. Therefore, the presented DG ambipolar oxide synaptic transistor exhibited distinct advantages in learning-accuracy and energy-efficiency, and high pattern recognition accuracy over 90% and low energy operation of ∼200 pJ per pulse in excitatory and inhibitory responses were achieved. It demonstrates the high potential of the DG ambipolar oxide synaptic transistor for next-generation energy-efficient multi-input neuromorphic devices to emulate diverse functionalities in bio-neural network systems.
Characteristic of acoustic waves generated in dielectrics under divergent electric fields
Authors: He Penglong , Zhang Bo , He Jinliang
Published: December 2022

Space charge measurement under divergent electric fields can provide crucial insight into various insulating phenomena, and the space charge reconstruction relies on the relation between the measured acoustic wave and the space charge distribution if the pulsed electroacoustic method is used. However, the relation is still unclear. In this work, the characteristic of acoustic waves generated by a divergent electric field is studied. Three components of electrostatic force leading to acoustic waves, which are surface force, internal Coulomb force, and electrostrictive force, are considered. The relation between the acoustic wave and these three components is provided, and the acoustic wave characteristic is, therefore, investigated. The results show that the acoustic wave exhibits two opposite peaks for each component due to the local distribution of the force, which is different from that with a uniform electric field, and the combined waveform is greatly influenced by the contribution of electrostrictive force, making it challenging to extract space charge information.
The effect of immediate environment on bond strength of different bond types—A valence bond study
Authors: Chourasia Mukesh , Cowen Todd , Friedman-Ezra Aviva , Rubanovich Eden , Shurki Avital
Published: December 2022

The ability to design catalysis largely depends on our understanding of the electrostatic effect of the surrounding on the bonds participating in the reaction. Here, we used a simplistic model of point charges (PCs) to determine a set of rules guiding how to construct PC-bond arrangement that can strengthen or weaken different chemical bonds. Using valence bond theory to calculate the in situ bond energies, we show that the effect of the PC mainly depends on the bond’s dipole moment irrespective of its type (being covalent or charge shift). That is, polar bonds are getting stronger or weaker depending on the sign and location of the PC, whereas non- or weakly polar bonds become stronger or weaker depending only on the location of the PC and to a smaller extent compared with polar bonds. We also show that for polar bonds, the maximal bond strengthening and weakening effect can be achieved when the PC is placed along the bond axis, as close as possible to the more and less polarizable atom/fragment, respectively. Finally, due to the stabilizing effects of polarizability, we show that, overall, it is easier to cause bond strengthening compared with bond weakening. Particularly, for polar bonds, bond strengthening is larger than bond weakening obtained by an oppositely signed PC. These rules should be useful in the future design of catalysis in, e.g., enzyme active sites.
Achieving high energy storage performances in high-entropy epitaxial Na0.5Bi0.5Ti0.7Hf0.1Zr0.1Sn0.1O3 thin film
Authors: Liu M. , Gong C. Z. , Yang B. B. , Hu L. , Wei R. H. , Song W. H. , Dai J. M. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: December 2022

Lead-free Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) exhibiting large polarization and a high Curie temperature can be considered as a promising candidate for dielectric capacitors. The large polarization switching hysteresis and low breakdown field, however, restrict the performance optimization. Herein, epitaxial NBT-based high-entropy Na0.5Bi0.5Ti0.7Hf0.1Zr0.1Sn0.1O3 (NBTHZS) films are designed and prepared by solution-based processing. Compared with the NBT film, the polarization switching hysteresis is depressed and the breakdown field is significantly improved for the NBTHZS film due to the high-entropy effects. Therefore, the NBTHZS film achieves a ∼16 times enhancement of energy density (from 5.1 J/cm3 of the NBT film to 81 J/cm3 of the NBTHZS film) and a high efficiency of 74.1% as well as an excellent performance reliability. The results shed light on enhancing dielectric energy storage properties of NBT-based films by forming high-entropy structures.
To age or not to age: Anatomy of a supercooled liquid’s response to a high alternating electric field
Authors: Richert Ranko
Published: December 2022

Physical aging and structural recovery are the processes with which the structure of a system approaches equilibrium after some perturbation. Various methods exist, that initiate structural recovery, such as changing the temperature or applying a strong, external static field. This work is concerned with high alternating electric fields and their suitability to study structural recovery and aging. The present work demonstrates that rationalizing the nonlinear dielectric response of a supercooled liquid to high-amplitude ac-fields requires multiple fictive temperatures. This feature is in stark contrast to structural recovery after a temperature down-jump or a considerable increase in the static electric field, for which a single parameter, the fictive temperature or material time, describes the structural change. In other words, the structural recovery from a high ac-field does not adhere to time aging–time superposition, which is so characteristic of genuine aging processes.
Magnetism
Authors: Basu Saurabh , Chattopadhyay Sourav
Published: December 2022

This chapter discusses various types of magnetic order in materials and underscores the importance of electronic interactions in inducing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order in magnetic solids. Different theoretical spin Hamiltonians, such as the Ising model, quantum XY model, Heisenberg model, etc., are introduced and the corresponding solutions, for example, the transfer matrix method, linear spin wave theory, etc., are hence discussed with a view to obtaining the magnetization and the ground state energy of a magnetic system. Since magnetism is intrinsically an electronic phenomenon, and that the electronic interactions are indispensable, a jellium model is introduced and solved within a mean field approximation to ascertain the magnetic properties, and the inadequacies therein for such a model. Subsequently, the Hubbard model is introduced and the corresponding symmetries are discussed. The model is further solved within a Hartree-Fock approximation to explain the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orderings in crystal lattices.
Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Basu Saurabh , Chattopadhyay Sourav
Published: December 2022

The history and the experimental conditions leading to the discovery of the quantum Hall effect are discussed with a view to compare and contrast with the classical version of the effect. Landau levels are obtained for electrons confined in two dimensions (2D) in the presence of a strong transverse magnetic field. Their characteristics, such as, huge degeneracy, conductance properties, incompressibility etc. are discussed. The role of conduction via the edge modes in quantum Hall samples, and that it earned them the nomenclature of topological insulators, is emphasized. The Hall resistivity is computed using the Kubo formula, and the quantization of the hall plateaus is shown to be directly related to a topological invariant called the Chern number. A comparison of the above scenario observed in a 2D electron gas is performed by computing the Landau levels in graphene which yields feasibility of realizing the quantum Hall effect at the room temperature. Subsequently, the above discussion of the integer quantum Hall effect is supplemented by introducing the fractional quantum Hall effect, where the quantization of the hall plateaus is observed at fractional values which underscores the role of electronic interactions. We have stated the properties of the variational wavefunction due to Laughlin, and its success in explaining the odd-denominator fractions observed in experiments. Next, the idea of composite fermions due to Jain is shown to yield a much simpler and significantly intuitive picture of an enormously complicated many-particle problem. Eventually, to explain a lot of other fractions observed in the experiments, a discussion of the hierarchy scenario is invoked.
Spectroscopy Theory in One Dimension
Authors: Williams Darren L. , Jackson Victoria S.
Published: December 2022

Spectroscopy Theory in One Dimension is an in-depth introduction to quantum chemistry using classical analytical calculus and symmetry group theory. The book employs the one-dimensional particle in a box and particle on a ring systems to develop the theoretical underpinnings of real-life spectroscopy and quantum mechanics. Wave functions, energy equations, transition intensities, and spectroscopic selection rules for absorption, emission, Rayleigh, and Raman spectra are derived and applied to explore why the sky is blue, why sunsets are red, and how quantum effects depend upon mass, size, temperature, and spectral resolution.

Readers will understand how to:Predict three-dimensional spectroscopic behavior using one-dimensional examplesAssign quantum transitions in real spectroscopic data using analytical calculus and group theoryConnect the mysterious quantum mechanical wave function to everyday experiences of light and color

Spectroscopy Theory in One Dimension is an ideal and accessible text for students in spectroscopy and quantum mechanics courses. Novice researchers in all physical science fields as well as experienced researchers and technicians needing an in-depth theoretical approach will find it invaluable.
Information flow across the cortical timescale hierarchy during narrative construction
Authors: Chang Claire H. C. , Nastase Samuel A. , Hasson Uri
Published: December 2022

When listening to spoken narratives, we must integrate information over multiple, concurrent timescales, building up from words to sentences to paragraphs to a coherent narrative. Recent evidence suggests that the brain relies on a chain of hierarchically organized areas with increasing temporal receptive windows to process naturalistic narratives. We hypothesized that the structure of this cortical processing hierarchy should result in an observable sequence of response lags between networks comprising the hierarchy during narrative comprehension. This study uses functional MRI to estimate the response lags between functional networks during narrative comprehension. We use intersubject cross-correlation analysis to capture network connectivity driven by the shared stimulus. We found a fixed temporal sequence of response lags—on the scale of several seconds—starting in early auditory areas, followed by language areas, the attention network, and lastly the default mode network. This gradient is consistent across eight distinct stories but absent in data acquired during rest or using a scrambled story stimulus, supporting our hypothesis that narrative construction gives rise to internetwork lags. Finally, we build a simple computational model for the neural dynamics underlying the construction of nested narrative features. Our simulations illustrate how the gradual accumulation of information within the boundaries of nested linguistic events, accompanied by increased activity at each level of the processing hierarchy, can give rise to the observed lag gradient.
Molecular basis of locus-specific H3K9 methylation catalyzed by SUVH6 in plants
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yuan Jianlong , Lin Juncheng , Chen Lixian , You Li-Yuan , Chen Shuling , Peng Li , Wang Chun-Han , Du Jiamu , Duan Cheng-Guo
Published: December 2022

Dimethylated histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me2) is a conserved heterochromatic mark catalyzed by SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION 3-9 HOMOLOG (SUVH) methyltransferases in plants. However, the mechanism underlying the locus specificity of SUVH enzymes has long been elusive. Here, we show that a conserved N-terminal motif is essential for SUVH6-mediated H3K9me2 deposition in planta. The SUVH6 N-terminal peptide can be recognized by the bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domain of the RNA- and chromatin-binding protein ANTI-SILENCING 1 (ASI1), which has been shown to function in a complex to confer gene expression regulation. Structural data indicate that a classic aromatic cage of ASI1-BAH domain specifically recognizes an arginine residue of SUVH6 through extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. A classic aromatic cage of ASI1 specifically recognizes an arginine residue of SUVH6 through extensive cation-π interactions, playing a key role in recognition. The SUVH6-ASI1 module confers locus-specific H3K9me2 deposition at most SUVH6 target loci and gives rise to distinct regulation of gene expression depending on the target loci, either conferring transcriptional silencing or posttranscriptional processing of mRNA. More importantly, such mechanism is conserved in multiple plant species, indicating a coordinated evolutionary process between SUVH6 and ASI1. In summary, our findings uncover a conserved mechanism for the locus specificity of H3K9 methylation in planta. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the delicate regulation of H3K9 methylation homeostasis in plants.
Synthetical lethality of Werner helicase and mismatch repair deficiency is mediated by p53 and PUMA in colon cancer
Authors: Hao Suisui , Tong Jingshan , Jha Anupma , Risnik Denise , Lizardo Darleny , Lu Xinyan , Goel Ajay , Opresko Patricia L. , Yu Jian , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2022

Synthetic lethality is a powerful approach for targeting oncogenic drivers in cancer. Recent studies revealed that cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI) require Werner (WRN) helicase for survival; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we found that WRN depletion strongly induced p53 and its downstream apoptotic target PUMA in MSI colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. p53 or PUMA deletion abolished apoptosis induced by WRN depletion in MSI CRC cells. Importantly, correction of MSI abrogated the activation of p53/PUMA and cell killing, while induction of MSI led to sensitivity in isogenic CRC cells. Rare p53-mutant MSI CRC cells are resistant to WRN depletion due to lack of PUMA induction, which could be restored by wildtype (WT) p53 knock in or reconstitution. WRN depletion or treatment with the RecQ helicase inhibitor ML216 suppressed in vitro and in vivo growth of MSI CRCs in a p53/PUMA-dependent manner. ML216 treatment was efficacious in MSI CRC patient-derived xenografts. Interestingly,
p53
gene remains WT in the majority of MSI CRCs. These results indicate a critical role of p53/PUMA-mediated apoptosis in the vulnerability of MSI CRCs to WRN loss, and support WRN as a promising therapeutic target in
p53
-WT MSI CRCs.
A genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for manganese(II), engineered from lanmodulin
Authors: Park Jennifer , Cleary Michael B. , Li Danyang , Mattocks Joseph A. , Xu Jiansong , Wang Huan , Mukhopadhyay Somshuvra , Gale Eric M. , Cotruvo Joseph A.
Published: December 2022

The design of selective metal-binding sites is a challenge in both small-molecule and macromolecular chemistry. Selective recognition of manganese (II)—the first-row transition metal ion that tends to bind with the lowest affinity to ligands, as described by the Irving-Williams series—is particularly difficult. As a result, there is a dearth of chemical biology tools with which to study manganese physiology in live cells, which would advance understanding of photosynthesis, host-pathogen interactions, and neurobiology. Here we report the rational re-engineering of the lanthanide-binding protein, lanmodulin, into genetically encoded fluorescent sensors for Mn
II
, MnLaMP1 and MnLaMP2. These sensors with effective
K
d
(Mn
II
) of 29 and 7 µM, respectively, defy the Irving-Williams series to selectively detect Mn
II
in vitro and in vivo. We apply both sensors to visualize kinetics of bacterial labile manganese pools. Biophysical studies indicate the importance of coordinated solvent and hydrophobic interactions in the sensors’ selectivity. Our results establish lanmodulin as a versatile scaffold for design of selective protein-based biosensors and chelators for metals beyond the f-block.
FXR mediates ILC-intrinsic responses to intestinal inflammation
Authors: Fu Ting , Li Yuwenbin , Oh Tae Gyu , Cayabyab Fritz , He Nanhai , Tang Qin , Coulter Sally , Truitt Morgan , Medina Paul , He Mingxiao , Yu Ruth T. , Atkins Annette , Zheng Ye , Liddle Christopher , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M.
Published: December 2022

The pleiotropic actions of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) are required for gut health, and reciprocally, reduced intestinal FXR signaling is seen in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we show that activation of FXR selectively in the intestine is protective in inflammation-driven models of IBD. Prophylactic activation of FXR restored homeostatic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably IL17. Importantly, these changes were attributed to FXR regulation of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), with both the inflammation-driven increases in ILCs, and ILC3s in particular, and the induction of
Il17a
and
Il17f
 in ILC3s blocked by FXR activation. Moreover, a population of ILC precursor-like cells increased with treatment, implicating FXR in the maturation/differentiation of ILC precursors. These findings identify FXR as an intrinsic regulator of intestinal ILCs and a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory intestinal diseases.
Combined effects of the deposition temperature and metal electrodes on ferroelectric properties of atomic-layer-deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films
Authors: Eom Deokjoon , Lee Jehoon , Lee Woohui , Oh Joohee , Park Changyu , Kim Jinyong , Lee Hyangsook , Lee Eunha , Kim Hyoungsub
Published: December 2022

The combined effects of the atomic-layer-deposition (ALD) temperature (220 °C–280 °C) and metal electrodes (TiN and Mo) on the ferroelectric properties of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films were studied. Regardless of the metal electrode, a tetragonal–orthorhombic–monoclinic phase evolution sequence was observed with increasing ALD temperature after post-metallization annealing. However, the phase transition temperature slightly changed depending on the metal electrode, which was predetermined based on the as-deposited states. Additionally, the out-of-plane orientation of the final orthorhombic grains was highly dependent on the crystallographic alignment of the metal electrode grains, resulting in different values of the maximum remanent polarization. In terms of long-term reliability, the fatigue characteristics were highly dependent on the electrode characteristics, and the wake-up characteristics were mainly affected by the initial phase distribution determined by both the ALD temperature and metal electrode.
Temperature-dependent anisotropy in the bond lengths of UO2 as a result of phonon-induced atomic correlations
Authors: Desgranges Lionel , Baldinozzi Gianguido , Fischer Henry E , Lander Gerard H
Published: December 2022

Previous experiments on cubic UO2 have suggested that the temperature dependences of the nearest-neighbour U–O and U–U distances are different. We have acquired total-scattering neutron diffraction patterns out to Q = 23.5 Å−1 for

50
<
T
<
1023

 K and produced via Fourier transform a pair-distribution function

P
D
F

(
r
)

. The

P
D
F

(
r
)

shows quite clearly that

r
(

U–O

)

, defined by the maximum of the U–O peak in the

P
D
F

(
r
)

, does in fact decrease with increasing temperature, whereas

r
(

U–U

)

follows the lattice expansion as expected. We also observe that the

r
(

U–O

)

contraction accelerates continuously above T ≈ 400 K, consistent with earlier experiments by others. Furthermore, by analysing the eigenvectors of the phonon modes, we show that the

Δ
5

(
T
O
1
)

phonon tends to separate the eight equivalent U–O distances into six shorter and two longer distances, where the longer pair contribute to a high-r tail observed in the U–O distance distribution becoming increasingly anisotropic at higher T. These results have significance for a wide range of materials in which heavy and light atoms are combined in a simple atomic structure.
Calorimeter measurements of absolute dose in aluminum, a surrogate of bone, to validate dose-to-medium in Acuros XB
Authors: Szpala Stanislaw , Renaud James , Muir Bryan R , Bourgouin Alexandra , Kohli Kirpal , McEwen Malcolm
Published: December 2022

Objective. While the accuracy of dose calculations in water with Acuros XB is well established, experimental validation of dose in bone is limited. Acuros XB reports both dose-to-medium and dose-to-water, and these values differ in bone, but there are no reports of measurements of validation in bone. This work compares Acuros XB calculations to measurements of absolute dose in aluminum (medium similar to bone). The validity of using selected relative dosimeters in aluminum is also investigated. Approach. A calorimeter with an aluminum core embedded in an aluminum phantom was selected as bone surrogate for the measurement of absolute dose. Matching the medium of the core to the medium of the phantom allowed eliminating the calculation of the conversion between media. The dose was measured at the fixed depth of 3.3 cm in aluminum (∼9 g·cm−2) with 6X, 10X, 6FFF and 10FFF photon beams from a TrueBeam Varian linac. In addition, experimental cross-calibration between water and aluminum was performed for an IBA CC13 ionization chamber, a PTW microDiamond and EBT3 Gafchromic film. Main results. Calculations with Acuros XB dose-to-medium in aluminum differed from the calorimetry data by −2.8% to −3.5%, depending on the beam. Use of dose-to-water would have resulted in about 39% discrepancy. The cross calibration coefficient between water and aluminum yielded values of about 0.87 for the CC13 chamber, 0.91 for the microDiamond, and 0.88 for the film, and independent of the beam within about ±1%. Significance. It was demonstrated the value of the dose-to-medium in aluminum (surrogate of bone) computed with Acuros XB is close to the value of the absolute dose measured with a calorimeter, and there is a significant discrepancy when dose-to-water is used instead. The use of an ionization chamber, a microDiamond and Gafchromic film in aluminum required a considerable correction from calibration in water.
Spatial structure of a Bose–Einstein condensate in a combined trap*
Authors: Li Fei , He Zhijian , Li Wenwu
Published: December 2022

We study the spatial structure of a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) with a space-dependent s-wave scattering length in a combined trap. There exists a space-dependent nonlinear atomic current in the system. The atomic current has an important influence on the spatial structure of the BEC. Research findings reveal that a large chemical potential can effectively suppress the chaotic spatial structure in the BEC system. Due to the large chemical potential, a strong atomic current is necessary to make the system lose its periodic spatial structure and lead the system into a chaotic spatial structure. But when the atomic current intensity exceeds a critical value, the chaotic spatial structure of the BEC will be completely eliminated and the system will always be kept in a series of single-periodic states as the atomic current becomes stronger. For a very weak atomic current, the spatial structure of the BEC is very sensitive to the intensity of the atomic current and a very small change of the intensity can dramatically change the spatial structure of the BEC. The effects of the combined trap parameters on the spatial structure of BECs are also discussed.
Experimental Investigation of Bitumen by Using E-Waste Plastic as Filler
Authors: Krithiga P , Preethi M Vishnu , Samritha K , Mena K Senthil Kumar
Published: December 2022

Electronic waste or simply e-waste management is one of the various challenges due to the unexpected surge in the electronic products. In our day-to-day life, the electronic components plays the predominant role in every human being. Peoples activities are daily determined by the personal computers, mobile phones, and gadgets etc., All these issues are drastically affect the human health and environment. The disposal of these e-wastes creates the huge environmental loss and harmful to use for the any purpose. For these improper disposals, the solution for these electronic products is in the usage of the concrete.This research paper is to examine the strength of bitumen by using E-Waste plastic as filler. In this experiment, Polyethylene plastic is used which is thermoplastic polymer and it is the most widely produced plastic in the world. Marshall Stability test is taken to analyze the strength of bitumen. The stability and flow value of bitumen is tested for various bitumen percentage with constant 5% E-Waste plastic filler. From the test values the stability and flow value of bitumen is optimum in 5% in addition to the strength of bitumen is increased to 10% than the conventional bitumen.
Iot Based Solid Waste Management System Using Smart Dustbins
Authors: Prakash S P , Tamilselvan S , Abdullah M , Ramesh R
Published: December 2022

In a developing country like India faces a challenges in waste management, due to an exceptional population growth and expansion. Research related to the waste management shows that the increase in waste materials generated in cities are difficult to handle. The issues related to handle the waste material is due to improper collection and disposal of waste materials, the increase in population toward big cities and nonexistence of intelligent technology leads to the environmental pollution. Management of this waste materials has becoming a challenging task from small villages to big cities. Furthermore, the problems in handling the waste materials also involved due to the lack of labour involved. In this paper, an IoT based Solid waste management system using smart dustbins has been proposed. The developed system helps to solve the issues in managing the solid waste from small to large scale. An electronic based dustbin has been developed to indicate the level of waste in the bin, based on the levels of waste in the bin an alert system is used to indicate and collect the waste material from different places in the city. The system helps to monitor the waste materials in the electric bins and also helps to analysis the amount of waste produced at a particular location. The information related to the level of bins has been wireless transmitted to the central location for emptying the bins. The advantage of the system is to collect waste material on time in order to avoid the overflow of bins and also analysis the amount of waste produced at a particular location. The developed system helps to save the environment from pollution.
Experimental Investigation on combined effect of eggshell powder and sugarcane bagasse ash as mineral admixture in concrete
Authors: Balaji G , Vetturayasudharsanan R , Pavan P S , Venkatesh A , Pandey Menka
Published: December 2022

Today, the world needs a substitute material for cement because the Co2 emission is high while the production of cement. This research presents the test results of the combined effect of eggshell powder (ESP) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a partial substitute for cement in concrete. It includes properties of the concrete in compressive strength, work efficiency and setting time. The utilization of poultry-industrial and agro-industrial waste in construction supports both material waste manipulation environmental protection. This research was carried out to determine the optimum replacement percentage of SCBA and ESP in concrete. It focuses on the behaviour of high-strength concrete with life analysis with SCBA and ESP as an alternative pozzolanic substance. SCBA added with a control ratio of 10%, 20%, 30% and ESP added with 5% in all mix proportions and the mechanical properties, the microstructure compared with control mix. Obtained for the two compounds and shows that 20% SCBA and 5% ESP replacement can be done to some extent to get the best output when compared to control mix results. Therefore, numerous tests were performed toward the samples, including the compression test, split tensile and flexure test. Based on previous research, the strength of concrete decreased as it was replaced with a higher replacement of eggshell powder. Partial replacement of SCBA and ESP in cement also helps to minimize environmental degradation.
Experimental study of concrete by replacement of cement with polymer resin
Authors: Dushyanth V Babu R , Mukesh P , pandey Menka , Harikaran M , Balaji G , Monisha K M
Published: December 2022

Polymer concrete is produced by mixing a variety of mineral fillers with a synthetic or natural resin binding agent which is a versatile, durable and composite material. The polymer concrete that we made consists of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water, polymer resin. The polymer resin that we used is Master EmacoSBR2. It is a styrene butadience copolymer latex liquid, milky white, produced from styrene and butadience by high pressure emulsion polymerization with high dispresive properties. The polymer resin that replaces cement were 2.5Litre, 5Litre, 10Litre, 12.5 Litre for 50Kg cement. The polymer concrete with different mix proportions are compared with the normal concrete. The test results compared are further studied and the effective percentage of polymer resin to be added in concrete is given.
Seismic Assessment of Multistorey building of plan irregularity with varying A/L ratio (Re-entrants corners)
Authors: Balaji P Shanmugamani , Senthilpandian M
Published: December 2022

Buildings with re-entrant corners are used when maximum utilization is done over minimum available space. These re-entrant corners come under the plan irregularities of the structures. Plan irregularity (or) Vertical irregularity makes vulnerable under seismic loading. Structural irregularities are an important factor in that structure’s seismic performance structure. This study aims to gain the seismic behaviour of the building with an L-shape floor plan by checking the irregularity of re-entrant corners by seismic response demands that is been measured with varying A/L ratios. The response includes top floor displacement, interstory drift, Story Stiffness, and base shear. The study consists of 5 models with varying A/L ratios with 3 sub-divided models of various seismic positions of the shear wall (i.e.) a model without a shear wall, a model with a shear wall at the centre, a model with a shear wall at the periphery. 15 models are made for a clear study of the seismic behaviour and the effective position of the shear wall with varying A/L ratios. The models are analysed with ETABS using the Equivalent static method (ESL) and Response Spectrum (RS) methods. The results prove that the model with a lesser A/L ratio satisfies the analysis even without the shear wall excluding the lift RCC wall, whereas when the A/L ratio increases the model is effective only when the shear wall is provided at the periphery. Thus, the economical and effective seismic position of the shear wall is found with varying A/L ratios and satisfies the seismic demand for the structure. As the building with re-entrant corners are more vulnerable the building plan must be of regular configuration to possess significant seismic resistance.
Analysis and Design of Multi-Story Building Rettrofitted with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Natraj K , Elavenil S , Ragavendra S
Published: December 2022

The paper reports the analytical investigation in Multi-storey building located in seismic zone III. This zone is considered as moderate-damage risk zone as per Indian Codal provision and thirty percent of India falls in this category. To improve the seismic performance, externally bonded FRP strengthening techniques are adopted to deficient beam and columns, in this paper, the analysis of building is carried out with and without lateral resisting system (Shear wall) and retrofitting is done by wrapping the deficient beams and column using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP sheet) to evaluate the performance of upgraded structural element.
Study on Composite Column Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Dineshkumar R , Manu S E , Yadav Saroj Kumar , Vetturayasudharsanan R
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, composite beams and columns were used as structural members for their higher strength and rigidity for load-carrying structures. Generally, the concrete-encased composite column has a compound section formed by the steel section and the surrounding concrete will be made by a composite. Based on the studies of steel encased concrete sections based on experimental and computational analysis over static and dynamic load cases shows advantages over the conventionally use structural steel or reinforced concrete in terms of ductility and shear resistance. The structure can experience static loads as well as fatigue loads in some situations. So the behavior of structural elements under differential loading should be obtained to design them effectively. A similar shape of the column section plays a key role in resisting lateral buckling under axial compression. This paper compares the behaviour of steel concrete composite sections by varying the shape and size for both concrete infilled and encased conditions based on the earlier research works.
Assessment of soil properties from coir pith waste dump yard
Authors: Vetturayasudharsanan R , Manu S E , Thapa Prem , Sujithraj R , Kathiresan S
Published: December 2022

The research region, Kallipatti, is surrounded by coconut farms, coir pith companies, and other businesses, and people report that water has become their primary concern in the last three years. Skin and eye allergies, as well as lung and throat infections, have been on the rise. Coir pith degrades slowly and can be found in the soil for long periods of time. Coir pith is tenacious and accumulates in the environment, generating hillocks that pollute the environment in locations near coir fibre extraction plants. These units contribute significantly to the pollution of the environment, both on land and in the water. Coir pith is easily blown by the wind, causing pollution in the air. The leaching of tannin and salts from coir pith hillocks during monsoon rains pollutes ground water, which is detrimental to fisheries, animals, and humans because most of these pollutants are difficult to remove using waste treatment procedures. Because of the vast quantities of coir pith kept, leachates containing residual phenol from these landfills seep into the soil, thereby polluting it. and causes contamination of ground water, especially during the rainy season. It’s a great place for rats and other bug pests to breed. Despite the fact that coir pith is a hazardous waste, it can be turned into beneficial organic manure by microbial breakdown. Pollution sources are identified, soil samples are taken, physical properties of the soil samples are measured, and critical nutrients for crop growth such as nitrogen and soil OC (organic carbon) are examined in this study. These criteria should be evaluated to determine the health of the soil. The results are compared to IS code 1498-1970 (Soil classification and identification) and IS 2720-1985 (Methods of testing for soils).