bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagining Manila's future: Advertising's ideals for postwar reconstruction
Authors: Hogben Paul
Published: April 2022

This article examines the role played by commercial advertising in promoting images of city reconstruction and architectural modernity within Manila in the years immediately following the end of the Second World War. It concentrates on the leading English-language daily, the Manila Times, which, from early 1946, began publishing advertisements that featured dramatic images of a future city of skyscrapers and other buildings rising out of the ruins of war. Advertisers called out to readers to contribute to the process of economic recovery by purchasing newly arrived shipments of goods and equipment and to support their efforts to drive property investment and the reconstruction of the city. By 1947 publicity was extending into home construction and advertisements incorporated illustrations of modernist houses as a means of promoting imported building products from the United States as well as locally manufactured materials. The article examines these advertisements for what they reveal about the stimulation of public interest in urban and architectural modernity within the Philippines in the early postwar years.
The contested jurisdiction of Social Policy in UK universities since 1972
Authors: HUDSON JOHN , LUNT NEIL
Published: April 2022

Utilising Abbott’s work on professions and disciplines we trace the broad development of Social Policy in UK universities over the past 50 years. As with all subjects, Social Policy is enmeshed in continuous boundary protection, and at the same time may seek to extend jurisdiction by laying claim to areas and activities undertaken by others. We draw on a range of sources to inform our analysis including: overviews of contributions to Journal of Social Policy; reviews of selected available UK Social Policy Association documents such as newsletters; reviews of research quality (Research Assessment Exercise/Research Excellence Framework) submissions; and student numbers data. In conclusion we consider whether reassessment of some of the jurisdictional battles of the past 50 years might provide routes forward for the subject to flourish in the current environment.
AIDS and the city: bathhouses, emplaced empathy and the de-sexualization of San Francisco
Authors: Yeros Stathis G.
Published: April 2022

This article traces territorial and discursive shifts in the landscape of homosexuality in San Francisco during the AIDS pandemic. I argue that a ‘de-sexualization’ of the urban landscape occurred, which I trace in debates about bathhouse closures (1983–85) and in the analysis of ARC/AIDS Vigil, a downtown activist encampment (1985–95). I trace ‘de-sexualization’ in the development of divergent forms of ‘emplaced empathy’ and the professionalization of AIDS activism between 1983 and 1990. Bathhouse iconography and associated affective forms of protest highlighted sex and eroticism, whereas representations of homosexuality at the Vigil highlighted the iconographies of domesticity and death.
The effects of habitual code-switching in bilingual language production on cognitive control
Authors: Han Xuran , Li Wei , Filippi Roberto
Published: April 2022

This study explored how bilingual code-switching habits affect cognitive shifting and inhibition. Habitual code-switching from 31 Mandarin–English bilingual adults were collected through the Language and Social Background Questionnaire (Anderson, Mak, Keyvani Chahi & Bialystok, 2018) and the Bilingual Switching Questionnaire (Rodriguez-Fornells, Krämer, Lorenzo-Seva, Festman & Münte, 2012). All participants performed verbal and nonverbal switching tasks, including the verbal fluency task, a bilingual picture-naming and colour-shape switching task. A Go/No-go task was administered to measure the inhibitory control of participants.

Frequent bilingual switchers showed higher efficiency in both English to Chinese verbal switching and nonverbal cognitive shifting. Additionally, bilinguals with intensive dense code-switching experience outperformed in the Go/No-go task. In general, the study revealed the connections between bilinguals’ intensity of single-language context experience and goal maintenance efficiency, which partially supported the Adaptive Control Hypothesis’ prediction (Green & Abutalebi, 2013). Besides, it also indicated the facilitations of bilinguals’ dense code-switching experience on their conflicts monitoring and response inhibition.
CAYLEY–ABELS GRAPHS AND INVARIANTS OF TOTALLY DISCONNECTED, LOCALLY COMPACT GROUPS
Authors: ÁRNADÓTTIR ARNBJÖRG SOFFÍA , LEDERLE WALTRAUD , MÖLLER RÖGNVALDUR G.
Published: April 2022

A connected, locally finite graph$\Gamma $is a Cayley–Abels graph for a totally disconnected, locally compact groupGifGacts vertex-transitively on$\Gamma $with compact, open vertex stabilizers. Define the minimal degree ofGas the minimal degree of a Cayley–Abels graph ofG. We relate the minimal degree in various ways to the modular function, the scale function and the structure of compact open subgroups. As an application, we prove that if$T_{d}$denotes thed-regular tree, then the minimal degree of$\mathrm{Aut}(T_{d})$isdfor all$d\geq 2$.
Taking from the Disadvantaged? Consumption Tax Induced Poverty across Household Types in Eleven OECD Countries
Authors: Schechtl Manuel
Published: April 2022

Consumption taxes are a policy tool that shape the income distribution and potentially thwart the redistributive goals of social policy. Different household types might be affected differently due to diverging income positions and consumption levels. This study examines the change in poverty across household types when accounting for consumption tax payments. To this end, the study draws on harmonised data from eleven OECD countries in the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). Implicit indirect tax rates are estimated from national accounts and poverty rates before and after subtracting consumption taxes are investigated. The results indicate significant variation across household types. In most countries, large family and single parent households experience the highest poverty increase. Ultimately, the increase in poverty across countries is positively associated with the consumption tax level.
Theorizing empirical court research: The test case of the trial of Hissène Habré
Authors: Weill Sharon , Seelinger Kim Thuy , Carlson Kerstin Bree
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to advocate for new methods of studying international law. Hissène Habré, former President of Chad, was convicted by a hybrid tribunal in Dakar. Our book on this judicial process (The President on Trial: Prosecuting Hissène Habré, Oxford University Press, 2020) develops a novel empirical format of first-person testimonials, followed by expert analyses, to trace and contextualize the decades-long story of attempts to bring Habré to justice. The empirical materials collected in our book demonstrate that the Habré trial challenges a linear distribution of power from international (global) actors to local, demonstrating rather a series of horizontal relations between the local and international. Based on this research experience, the article lays out the method we developed. It facilitates an assessment of the legal and political impact of court decisions, routines and broader bureaucratic politics through which the practices of judging are constructed. “Justice” does not speak with one voice; it is made up of multiple actors with different professional interests and personal goals. It is also impacted by power dynamics and by the structure of the institution, including by institutional routine and legal bureaucracy.
Effect of simulated synthetic auxin herbicide sprayer contamination in sweetpotato propagation beds
Authors: Batts Thomas M. , Moore Levi D. , Ippolito Stephen J. , Jennings Katherine M. , Smith Stephen C.
Published: April 2022

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of synthetic auxin herbicides at simulated exposure rates applied to ‘Covington’ sweetpotato propagation beds on the quality of nonrooted stem cuttings (slips). Treatments included diglycolamine salt of dicamba, 2,4-D choline plus nonionic surfactant (NIS), and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate at 1/10, 1/33, or 1/66 of a 1X application rate (560 g ae ha−1 dicamba, 1,065 g ae ha−1 2,4-D choline, 1,130 g ae ha−1 glyphosate) applied at 2 or 4 wk after first slip harvest (WASH). Injury to sweetpotato 2 wk after treatment was greatest when herbicides were applied 2 WASH (21%) compared to 4 WASH (16%). More slip injury was caused by 2,4-D choline than by dicamba, and the addition of glyphosate did not increase injury over 2,4-D choline alone. Two weeks after the second application, sweetpotato slips were cut 2 cm above the soil surface and transplanted into production fields. In 2019, sweetpotato ground coverage 8 wk after transplanting was reduced 37% and 26% by the 1/10X rates of dicamba and 2,4-D choline plus NIS, respectively. Though dicamba caused less injury to propagation beds than 2,4-D choline with or without glyphosate, after transplanting, slips treated with 1/10X dicamba did not recover as quickly as those treated with 2,4-D choline. In 2020, sweetpotato ground coverage was 90% or greater for all treatments. Dicamba applied 2 WASH decreased marketable sweetpotato storage root yield by 59% compared to the nontreated check, whereas treatments including 2,4-D choline reduced marketable yield 22% to 29%. All herbicides applied at 4 WASH reduced marketable yield 31% to 36%. The addition of glyphosate to 2,4-D choline did not increase sweetpotato yield. Results indicate that caution should be taken when deciding whether to transplant sweetpotato slips that are suspected to have been exposed to dicamba or 2,4-D choline.
Tolerance of plasticulture strawberry to 2,4-D choline applied to row middles
Authors: Sims Kira C. , Jennings Katherine M. , Monks David W. , Jordan David L. , Hoffmann Mark , Mitchem Wayne E.
Published: April 2022

Field studies in strawberry grown on polyethylene-mulched raised beds were conducted from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 in Clayton, NC, to determine ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’ strawberry tolerance to 2,4-D directed to the row middle between beds. Treatments included 2,4-D at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ae ha−1 applied alone and sequential treatments (0.53 followed by [fb] 0.53 or 1.06 fb 1.06 kg ae ha−1). Initial treatments were applied in winter (December 2018 or January 2020) during vegetative growth, and sequential applications were applied in spring (April 2019 or March 2020) during reproductive growth. No differences among treatments were observed for visual foliage injury, strawberry crop canopy, fruit yield, and fruit quality (pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solid content).
Time Horizons, Drug Use, and Risky Sex in Young Women from Poor Urban Areas
Authors: Cheong JeeWon , Tucker Jalie A. , Chandler Susan D.
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Aims: Emerging adulthood, spanning adolescence into early adulthood, is marked by heightened substance use and sexual risk-taking, and emerging adults living in disadvantaged urban areas experience disproportionately more negative outcomes. Research on the social psychology of time perspective and the behavioral economics of substance use suggests that such impoverished environments contribute to development of a decision-making style characterized by devaluation of delayed rewards and outcomes that support adaptive functioning in favor of persistent preference for short-term rewards associated with longer term costs. This cross-sectional observational study investigated the hypothesis that substance use and sexual risk-taking among young African American women living in such communities were related to present-dominated time perspectives and higher delay discounting, which reflect relative preference for sooner typically smaller than later larger rewards. Methodology: Young African American women ages 15 – 25 ( N = 223, M age = 20.4 years) from disadvantaged urban neighborhoods in the Southern United States were recruited using Respondent Driven Sampling, a peer-driven sampling method suitable for recruiting community-dwelling participants that compensates for biases of snowball sampling. In-person structured field interviews assessed substance use, sexual practices, and risk/protective factors, including time perspectives (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory [ZTPI]) and behavioral impulsivity (delay discounting task). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine whether substance use and sexual risk-taking were associated with delay discounting and ZTPI present hedonistic and future time perspective subscales, controlling for several demographic characteristics. Results: As hypothesized, regression models showed that higher ZTPI present hedonism scores were significantly associated with both greater substance involvement and sexual risk-taking, whereas greater discounting was associated only with greater sexual risk-taking ( ps < .05). Future time perspectives were not associated with either risk behavior. Conclusions: Risk behaviors among young women living in disadvantaged urban areas appear to be associated with hedonistic rewards available in the present without considering future outcomes. Future research should investigate experimentally whether lengthening time perspectives and promoting enriched views of possible futures may prevent and reduce substance involvement and sexual risk-taking among disadvantaged young adults. Those living in disadvantaged communities likely have great need for such interventions because they tend to have limited rewarding economic and social opportunities that can compete with present choices to use substances and engage in risky sex.
Mehr als ein harmloser Schnupfen
Authors: Weiss Katja , Thuany Mabliny , Calin Andra Gabriela , Knechtle Beat
Published: April 2022

Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über einen 54-jährigen Patienten, der sich aufgrund von Schnupfen, laufender Nase und Kopfschmerzen mehrmals in der hausärztlichen Praxis vorstellte. Trotz verschiedener Therapieansätze gab es keine Besserung der Symptome. Die weiteren Abklärungen zeigten ein nasales NK/T-Zell-Lymphom, Stadium IV. Der Ausgang war trotz intensiver Therapie fatal.
Older Migrants’ Life Satisfaction
Authors: Dones Iuna , Ciobanu Ruxandra Oana
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The paper focuses on the life satisfaction of older migrants. We inquire what lies behind their life satisfaction and what role satisfaction with the migration decision plays in their general life satisfaction. The paper draws on 56 in-depth interviews with older Italians and Germans living in Switzerland. Research participants were generally satisfied with their migration decision. Sources of life satisfaction were family, social relations, professional career, and financial stability. The same themes emerged in discussions of their satisfaction with the migration decision and overall life satisfaction, revealing that migration is a means to achieving life goals. Yet, respondents did not explicitly refer to migration when reflecting on their life satisfaction.
The Relationship Between the Inner‐Core Size and the Rainfall Distribution in Landfalling Tropical Cyclones Over China
Authors: Yu Zifeng , Wang Yuqing , Yu Hui , Duan Yihong
Published: April 2022

The tropical cyclone (TC) size is a crucial parameter in determining the destructiveness of a TC, but the relationship between the inner‐core size and rainfall distribution in landfalling TCs is little known. This study presents an observational analysis of the relationship between the radius of maximum wind (RMW) and the rainfall in landfalling TCs over China during 2001–2020. It is found that small TCs have higher rainrate with higher axisymmetry than large TCs. Though both small and large TCs have rainfall within a radius of 5° latitudes, the rainfall occurs up to 10 times of the RMW in small TCs compared to within 5 times of the RMW in large TCs. Small TCs have a 6‐hr delayed rainfall decrease compared to large TCs near the landfall. Higher TC intensity may partly contribute to higher rainrate during landfall in smaller TCs than in larger TCs.
Evaluating an Ice Crystal Trajectory Growth (ICTG) Model on a Quasi‐Idealized Simulation of a Squall Line
Authors: Laurencin Chelsey N. , Didlake Anthony C. , Harrington Jerry Y. , Jensen Anders A.
Published: April 2022

A major challenge in numerical weather prediction models is the ability to accurately simulate the microphysical properties and growth of ice hydrometeors in clouds. Eulerian bulk microphysics schemes in these models tend to obscure the properties and evolution of individual ice crystals, often resulting in inaccurate simulations of storm structures. To address this issue, this study presents a novel ice crystal trajectory growth (ICTG) model that simultaneously grows and advects individual ice crystals while tracking their evolving properties along their trajectories. The model is evaluated on a 3D quasi‐idealized leading‐convective, trailing‐stratiform squall line simulation. The ICTG model successfully produced a spatial distribution of ice crystal trajectories consistent with the simulated reflectivity structure of the storm above the melting level. Smaller initialized crystals (d ≤ 0.1 mm) were largely transported to the anvil and the trailing stratiform region. One primary trajectory involved sustained growth in the stratiform mesoscale updraft for ∼1.5 hr, resulting in a density reduction down to 600 kg m−3, a final particle size greater than 0.9 mm, and potential branching. In contrast, larger initialized crystals (d ≥ 0.5 mm) collected more rime and fell out primarily in the leading convective line. The ICTG model's realistic production of varied crystal growth properties owing to differences in transport and initial size suggests that it can be a valuable tool for learning about ice microphysical processes in a variety of cold cloud systems.
ULF Wave‐Induced Ion Pitch Angle Evolution in the Dayside Outer Magnetosphere
Authors: Li Xing‐Yu , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Liu Jian‐Jun , Fu Sui‐Yan , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Hao Yi‐Xin , Pollock Craig J. , Russell Christopher T. , Ergun Robert E. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne
Published: April 2022

Drift‐bounce resonance between ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and ions is essential for ion energization in the magnetosphere. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of drift‐bounce resonance in the dayside outer magnetosphere, where off‐equatorial magnetic field minima would strongly distort ions' bounce and drift motion. A generalized theory is proposed, in which the effects of off‐equatorial minima, time‐evolving fields and ion bounce motion are taken into account. In consequence of these effects, ion pitch angle distributions undergo dramatic changes. In the presence of off‐equatorial minima, the time‐of‐flight effect of ion bounce motion forms latitude‐dependent dispersions besides “paw‐track shaped” structures, while evolving wave fields cause time‐dependent phase shifts in “paw‐tracks.” All the predicted signatures have been confirmed by 5 years of Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft data and numerical simulations. These results allow us to better understand the interactions between ULF waves and thermal ion species in global magnetospheric dynamics.
Thank You to Our 2021 Reviewers
Authors: Schildgen Taylor , Aitchison Jonathan , Jolivet Laurent , Rusmore Margi
Published: April 2022

Plain Language Summary

Peer review is the key process through which every paper submitted to Tectonics is vetted, ensuring that each publication maintains the highest standards of scientific rigor and integrity. We depend on, and are grateful to, all of the volunteer peer reviewers who have devoted their time and considerable efforts toward this essential procedure. In 2021, the 186 papers published in Tectonics benefited from 844 reviews provided by 579 reviewers. On behalf of the entire editorial board of Tectonics, we want to express here our most heartfelt gratitude to all of you. Thank you!
Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
Authors: Gonzalez David J. X. , Nardone Anthony , Nguyen Andrew V. , Morello-Frosch Rachel , Casey Joan A.
Published: April 2022

Background

The presence of active or inactive (i.e., postproduction) oil and gas wells in neighborhoods may contribute to ongoing pollution. Racially discriminatory neighborhood security maps developed by the Home-Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s may contribute to environmental exposure disparities.

Objective

To determine whether receiving worse HOLC grades was associated with exposure to more oil and gas wells.

Methods

We assessed exposure to oil and gas wells among HOLC-graded neighborhoods in 33 cities from 13 states where urban oil and gas wells were drilled and operated. Among the 17 cities for which 1940 census data were available, we used propensity score restriction and matching to compare well exposure neighborhoods that were similar on observed 1940 sociodemographic characteristics but that received different grades.

Results

Across all included cities, redlined D-graded neighborhoods had 12.2 ± 27.2 wells km−2, nearly twice the density in neighborhoods graded A (6.8 ± 8.9 wells km−2). In propensity score restricted and matched analyses, redlined neighborhoods had 2.0 (1.3, 2.7) more wells than comparable neighborhoods with a better grade.

Significance

Our study adds to the evidence that structural racism in federal policy is associated with the disproportionate siting of oil and gas wells in marginalized neighborhoods.
LSD1 is required for euchromatic origin firing and replication timing
Authors: Wang Yue , Huang Yunchao , Cheng Edith , Liu Xinhua , Zhang Yu , Yang Jianguo , Young Jordan T. F. , Brown Grant W. , Yang Xiaohan , Shang Yongfeng
Published: April 2022

The chromatin-based rule governing the selection and activation of replication origins remains to be elucidated. It is believed that DNA replication initiates from open chromatin domains; thus, replication origins reside in open and active chromatin. However, we report here that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which biochemically catalyzes H3K4me1/2 demethylation favoring chromatin condensation, interacts with the DNA replication machinery in human cells. We find that LSD1 level peaks in early S phase, when it is required for DNA replication by facilitating origin firing in euchromatic regions. Indeed, euchromatic zones enriched in H3K4me2 are the preferred sites for the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) binding. Remarkably, LSD1 deficiency leads to a genome-wide switch of replication from early to late. We show that LSD1-engaged DNA replication is mechanistically linked to the loading of TopBP1-Interacting Checkpoint and Replication Regulator (TICRR) onto the pre-RC and subsequent recruitment of CDC45 during origin firing. Together, these results reveal an unexpected role for LSD1 in euchromatic origin firing and replication timing, highlighting the importance of epigenetic regulation in the activation of replication origins. As selective inhibitors of LSD1 are being exploited as potential cancer therapeutics, our study supports the importance of leveraging an appropriate level of LSD1 to curb the side effects of anti-LSD1 therapy.
Mutualism promotes insect fitness by fungal nutrient compensation and facilitates fungus propagation by mediating insect oviposition preference
Authors: Gu Feng , Ai Shupei , Chen Yaoyao , Jin Sha , Xie Xin , Zhang Tong , Zhong Guohua , Yi Xin
Published: April 2022

Penicillium and Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit fly, Hendel) are major pathogens and pests of citrus fruits, as both of them can cause detrimental losses in citrus production. However, their interaction in the cohabitation of citrus fruits remains elusive. In this study, we revealed a mutualistic relationship between Penicillium and B. dorsalis. We found that insect behaviors can facilitate the entry of fungal pathogens into fruits, and fungal pathogens promote the fitness of insects in return. More specifically, Penicillium could take advantage of the openings left by ovipositors of flies, and adult flies contaminated with Penicillium could spread the fungus to new sites. Moreover, the volatile emissions from fungi could attract gravid flies to the infected site for egg laying. The fungus and B. dorsalis were able to establish mutual interaction, as revealed by the presence of Penicillium DNA in intestinal tracts of flies throughout all larval stages. The fungal partner seemed to promote the emergence rate and shorten the emergence duration of the flies by providing pyridoxine, one of the B group vitamins. Different from previously reported scenarios of strong avoidance of Drosophila and attraction of Aedes aegypti toward Penicillium, our findings unveil a hitherto new paradigm of the mutualism between Penicillium and B. dorsalis, by which both insect and fungus earn benefits to facilitate their propagation.
MiR-92a/KLF4/p110δ regulates titanium particles-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis
Authors: Wen Zhenkang , Lin Sipeng , Li Changchuan , Ouyang Zhuji , Chen Zhong , Li Shixun , Huang Yuxi , Luo Wenqiang , Zheng Zhongcan , Guo Peidong , Kuang Manyuan , Ding Yue
Published: April 2022

As total joint replacement is widely applied for severe arthropathy, peri-prosthetic aseptic loosening as one of the main causes of implant failure has drawn wide attention. Wear particles such as titanium particles (TiPs) derived from prosthesis can initiate macrophages inflammation and sequentially activate osteoclasts, which results in bone resorption and osteolysis for long-term. Therefore, inhibiting wear particles induced macrophages inflammation is considered as a promising therapy for AL. In this research, we found that the inhibition of p110δ, a member of class IA PI3Ks family, could significantly dampen the TiPs-induced secretion of TNFα and IL-6. By the transfection of siRNA targeting p110δ, we confirmed that p110δ was responsible for TNFα and IL-6 trafficking out of Golgi complex without affecting their expression in TiPs-treated macrophages. As the upstream transcription-repressor of p110δ, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), targeted by miR-92a, could also attenuate TiPs-induced inflammation by mediating NF-κB pathway and M1/M2 polarization. To further ascertain the roles of KLF4/p110δ, TiPs-induced mice cranial osteolysis model was established and vivo experiments validated that KLF4-knockdown could exacerbate TiPs-induced osteolysis, which was strikingly ameliorated by knockdown of p110δ. In summary, our study suggests the key role of miR-92a/KLF4/p110δ signal in TiPs-induced macrophages inflammation and osteolysis.
SMAD3 and FTO are involved in miR-5581-3p-mediated inhibition of cell migration and proliferation in bladder cancer
Authors: Sun Jiazhu , Ma Xueyou , Ying Yufan , Wang Weiyu , Shen Haixiang , Wang Song , Xie Haiyun , Yi Jiahe , Zhan Weitao , Li Jiangfeng , Liu Ben
Published: April 2022

Previous research evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an indispensable role in onset and progression of bladder cancer (BCa). Here, we explored the functions and mechanisms of miR-5581-3p in BCa. miR-5581-3p, as a tumor suppressor in BCa, was detected at a lower expression level in BCa tissue and cells in contrast with the non-malignant bladder tissue and cells. Over-expression of miR-5581-3p remarkably dampened the migration and proliferation of BCa in vitro and in vivo. SMAD3 and FTO were identified as the direct targets of miR-5581-3p by online databases prediction and mRNA-seq, which were further verified. SMAD3 as a star molecule in modulating EMT progress of BCa had been formulated in former studies. Meanwhile, FTO proved as an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in decreasing m6A modification was confirmed to regulate the migration and proliferation in BCa. In addition, we conducted rescue experiments and confirmed overexpressing miR-5581-3p partially rescued the effects of the overexpressing SMAD3 and FTO in BCa cells. In conclusion, our studies exhibit that miR-5581-3p is a novel tumor inhibitor of BCa.
Adaptation and phenotypic diversification of Bacillus thuringiensis biofilm are accompanied by fuzzy spreader morphotypes
Authors: Lin Yicen , Xu Xinming , Maróti Gergely , Strube Mikael Lenz , Kovács Ákos T.
Published: April 2022

Bacillus cereus group (Bacillus cereus sensu lato) has a diverse ecology, including various species that produce biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. While genetic and morphological diversification enables the adaptation of multicellular communities, this area remains largely unknown in the Bacillus cereus group. In this work, we dissected the experimental evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis 407 Cry- during continuous recolonization of plastic beads. We observed the evolution of a distinct colony morphotype that we named fuzzy spreader (FS) variant. Most multicellular traits of the FS variant displayed higher competitive ability versus the ancestral strain, suggesting an important role for diversification in the adaptation of B. thuringiensis to the biofilm lifestyle. Further genetic characterization of FS variant revealed the disruption of a guanylyltransferase gene by an insertion sequence (IS) element, which could be similarly observed in the genome of a natural isolate. The evolved FS and the deletion mutant in the guanylyltransferase gene (Bt407ΔrfbM) displayed similarly altered aggregation and hydrophobicity compared to the ancestor strain, suggesting that the adaptation process highly depends on the physical adhesive forces.
Basal ganglia neuropeptides show abnormal processing associated with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
Authors: Hulme Heather , Fridjonsdottir Elva , Vallianatou Theodosia , Shariatgorji Reza , Nilsson Anna , Li Qin , Bezard Erwan , Andrén Per E.
Published: April 2022

L-DOPA administration is the primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) but long-term administration is usually accompanied by hyperkinetic side-effects called L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Signaling neuropeptides of the basal ganglia are affected in LID and changes in the expression of neuropeptide precursors have been described, but the final products formed from these precursors have not been well defined and regionally mapped. We therefore used mass spectrometry imaging to visualize and quantify neuropeptides in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine exposed parkinsonian and LID Macaca mulatta brain samples. We found that dyskinesia severity correlated with the levels of some abnormally processed peptides — notably, des-tyrosine dynorphins, substance P (1-7), and substance P (1-9) — in multiple brain regions. Levels of the active neuropeptides; dynorphin B, dynorphin A (1-8), α-neoendorphin, substance P (1-11), and neurokinin A, in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra correlated with putaminal levels of L-DOPA. Our results demonstrate that the abundance of selected active neuropeptides is associated with L-DOPA concentrations in the putamen, emphasizing their sensitivity to L-DOPA. Additionally, levels of truncated neuropeptides (which generally exhibit reduced or altered receptor affinity) correlate with dyskinesia severity, particularly for peptides associated with the direct pathway (i.e., dynorphins and tachykinins). The increases in tone of the tachykinin, enkephalin, and dynorphin neuropeptides in LID result in abnormal processing of neuropeptides with different biological activity and may constitute a functional compensatory mechanism for balancing the increased L-DOPA levels across the whole basal ganglia.
Distillation of Gaussian Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering with noiseless linear amplification
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Kaimin , Kang Haijun , Han Dongmei , Wang Meihong , Zhang Lijian , Su Xiaolong , Peng Kunchi
Published: April 2022

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics and an important resource for quantum communication. For practical applications, it remains a challenge to protect EPR steering from decoherence due to its intrinsic difference from entanglement. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the distillation of Gaussian EPR steering and entanglement in lossy and noisy environments using measurement-based noiseless linear amplification. Different from entanglement distillation, the extension of steerable region happens in the distillation of EPR steering, besides the enhancement of steerabilities. We demonstrate that the two-way or one-way steerable region is extended after the distillation of EPR steering when the NLA is implemented based on Bob’s or Alice’s measurement results. We also show that the NLA helps to extract the secret key from the insecure region in one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution with EPR steering. Our work paves the way for quantum communication exploiting EPR steering in practical quantum channels.
Structural basis of tethered agonism of the adhesion GPCRs ADGRD1 and ADGRF1
Authors: Qu Xiangli , Qiu Na , Wang Mu , Zhang Bingjie , Du Juan , Zhong Zhiwei , Xu Wei , Chu Xiaojing , Ma Limin , Yi Cuiying , Han Shuo , Shui Wenqing , Zhao Qiang , Wu Beili
Published: April 2022

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are essential for a variety of physiological processes such as immune responses, organ development, cellular communication, proliferation and homeostasis1–7. An intrinsic manner of activation that involves a tethered agonist in the N-terminal region of the receptor has been proposed for the aGPCRs8,9, but its molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we report the G protein-bound structures of ADGRD1 and ADGRF1, which exhibit many unique features with regard to the tethered agonism. The stalk region that proceeds the first transmembrane helix acts as the tethered agonist by forming extensive interactions with the transmembrane domain; these interactions are mostly conserved in ADGRD1 and ADGRF1, suggesting that a common stalk–transmembrane domain interaction pattern is shared by members of the aGPCR family. A similar stalk binding mode is observed in the structure of autoproteolysis-deficient ADGRF1, supporting a cleavage-independent manner of receptor activation. The stalk-induced activation is facilitated by a cascade of inter-helix interaction cores that are conserved in positions but show sequence variability in these two aGPCRs. Furthermore, the intracellular region of ADGRF1 contains a specific lipid-binding site, which proves to be functionally important and may serve as the recognition site for the previously discovered endogenous ADGRF1 ligand synaptamide. These findings highlight the diversity and complexity of the signal transduction mechanisms of the aGPCRs.
The PeptideAtlas of a widely cultivated fish Labeo rohita: A resource for the Aquaculture Community
Authors: Nissa Mehar Un , Reddy Panga Jaipal , Pinto Nevil , Sun Zhi , Ghosh Biplab , Moritz Robert L. , Goswami Mukunda , Srivastava Sanjeeva
Published: April 2022

Labeo rohita (Rohu) is one of the most important fish species produced in world aquaculture. Integrative omics research provides a strong platform to understand the basic biology and translate this knowledge into sustainable solutions in tackling disease outbreak, increasing productivity and ensuring food security. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has provided insights to understand the biology in a new direction. Very little proteomics work has been done on ‘Rohu’ limiting such resources for the aquaculture community. Here, we utilised an extensive mass spectrometry based proteomic profiling data of 17 histologically normal tissues, plasma and embryo of Rohu to develop an open source PeptideAtlas. The current build of “Rohu PeptideAtlas” has mass-spectrometric evidence for 6015 high confidence canonical proteins at 1% false discovery rate, 2.9 million PSMs and ~150 thousand peptides. This is the first open-source proteomics repository for an aquaculture species. The ‘Rohu PeptideAtlas’ would promote basic and applied aquaculture research to address the most critical challenge of ensuring nutritional security for a growing population.
Ultra-deep sequencing data from a liquid biopsy proficiency study demonstrating analytic validity
Authors: Gong Binsheng , Deveson Ira W. , Mercer Timothy , Johann Donald J. , Jones Wendell , Tong Weida , Xu Joshua
Published: April 2022

Recently we reported the accuracy and reproducibility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays using a unique set of reference materials, associated analytical framework, and suggested best practices. With the rapid adoption of ctDNA sequencing in precision oncology, it is critical to understand the analytical validity and technical limitations of this cutting-edge and medical-practice-changing technology. The SEQC2 Oncopanel Sequencing Working Group has developed a multi-site, cross-platform study design for evaluating the analytical performance of five industry-leading ctDNA assays. The study used tailor-made reference samples at various levels of input material to assess ctDNA sequencing across 12 participating clinical and research facilities. The generated dataset encompasses multiple key variables, including a broad range of mutation frequencies, sequencing coverage depth, DNA input quantity, etc. It is the most comprehensive public-facing dataset of its kind and provides valuable insights into ultra-deep ctDNA sequencing technology. Eventually the clinical utility of ctDNA assays is required and our proficiency study and corresponding dataset are needed steps towards this goal.
Variation in the ratio of compounds in a plant volatile blend during transmission by wind
Authors: Cai Xiaoming , Guo Yuhang , Bian Lei , Luo Zongxiu , Li Zhaoqun , Xiu Chunli , Fu Nanxia , Chen Zongmao
Published: April 2022

For plant volatiles to mediate interactions in tritrophic systems, they must convey accurate and reliable information to insects. However, it is unknown whether the ratio of compounds in plant volatile blends remains stable during wind transmission. In this study, volatiles released from an odor source were collected at different points in a wind tunnel and analyzed. The variation in the amounts of volatiles collected at different points formed a rough cone shape. The amounts of volatiles collected tended to decrease with increasing distance from the odor source. Principal component analyses showed that the volatile profiles were dissimilar among different collection points. The profiles of volatiles collected nearest the odor source were the most similar to the released odor. Higher wind speed resulted in a clearer spatial distribution of volatile compounds. Thus, variations in the ratios of compounds in odor plumes exist even during transport over short distances.
MicroRNA profiles in aqueous humor between pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma patients in a Korean population
Authors: Cho Hyun-kyung , Seong Hyemin , Kee Changwon , Song Dae Hyun , Kim Seong Jae , Seo Seong Wook , Kang Sang Soo
Published: April 2022

We aimed to obtain microRNA (miRNA) profiles of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) compared to normal controls using individual aqueous humor (AH) samples and investigate the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of PEX glaucoma compared to NTG in Korean. AH (80-120 µl) was collected before cataract surgery or trabeculectomy from 26 Korean subjects (eleven with PEX glaucoma, age-matched eight NTG, and seven controls). RNA sequencing was conducted for RNA samples extracted from 26 AH samples. Bioinformatics analysis was performed for targets and related pathways. A total of 334 and 291 discrete miRNAs were detected in AH samples of PEX glaucoma and NTG patients, respectively. Two significantly upregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-30d-5p and hsa-miR-320a) and ten significantly downregulated miRNAs (hsa-miR-3156-5p, hsa-miR-4458, hsa-miR-6717-5p, hsa-miR-6728-5p, hsa-miR-6834-5p, hsa-miR-6864-5p, hsa-miR-6879-5p, hsa-miR-877-3p, hsa-miR-548e-3p, and hsa-miR-6777-5p) in PEX glaucoma patients compared to control (fold-change > 2, p < 0.05) were found. In NTG patients, ten significantly upregulated and two downregulated miRNAs compared to control were found. Only hsa-miR-6777-5p was commonly downregulated in both PEX glaucoma and NTG patients. Related pathways were proteoglycans in cancer, glioma, and TGF-beta signaling pathway in PEX glaucoma. These differentially expressed miRNAs between PEX glaucoma and NTG samples suggest the possible role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, further implying that pathogenic mechanisms may differ between different types of glaucoma.
Antiplatelet response to clopidogrel is associated with a haplotype in CYP2C19 gene in Pakistani patients
Authors: Ahmed Sagheer , Gul Saima , Siraj Sami , Hussain Abrar , Sheikh Fahad Sultan , Shah Saeed Ullah , Janjua Kholood , Khan Hizbullah , Hamdard Mohammad Hamid
Published: April 2022

Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug, is frequently prescribed to patients diagnosed with ischemic diseases such as those suffering from acute coronary syndromes or ischemic stroke. Despite the drug being effective in majority of the patients, some still experience ischemic events early in the treatment which might be due to poor platelet inhibition. This study aims to investigate the association of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) loss-of-function polymorphisms, haplotypes as well as a wide range of clinical and demographic variables with platelet aggregation phenotypes to clopidogrel in a Pakistani cohort. The study comprised of a total of 120 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and were treated with clopidogrel. Antiplatelet response to clopidogrel was monitored by Helena AggRAM (HL-2-1785P) and patients with maximal platelet aggregation more than 50% were categorized as low responders and those with less than 50% as high responders. Our results show that 56.6% of patients were homozygous for the CYP2C19 wild-type allele, 38.3% of patients possessed one copy of the CYP2C19*2 allele and 5% of patients possessed both CYP2C19*2 alleles. No CYP2C19*3 allele was found in our patient cohort. There was no statistically significant difference between the high and low responder groups to clopidogrel in terms of extensive, intermediate and poor metabolizer genotypes. However, haplotype (H1), leukocyte count, random blood glucose, and history of diabetes mellitus was associated with the antiplatelet response to clopidogrel. The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance in our population was in line with that reported for other regional and global populations.
Enhanced conductance response in radio frequency scanning tunnelling microscopy
Authors: Wit Bareld , Vranik Radovan , Müllegger Stefan
Published: April 2022

Diverse spectroscopic methods operating at radio frequency depend on a reliable calibration to compensate for the frequency dependent damping of the transmission lines. Calibration may be impeded by the existence of a sensitive interdependence of two or more experimental parameters. Here, we show by combined scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements and numerical simulations how a frequency-dependent conductance response is affected by different DC conductance behaviours of the tunnel junction. Distinct and well-defined DC-conductance behaviour is provided by our experimental model systems, which include C60 molecules on Au(111), exhibiting electronic configurations distinct from the well-known dim and bright C60’s reported so far. We investigate specific combinations of experimental parameters. Variations of the modulation amplitude as small as only a few percent may result in systematic conductance deviations as large as one order of magnitude. We provide practical guidelines for calibrating respective measurements, which are relevant to RF spectroscopic measurements.
Algorithmic multiscale analysis for the FcRn mediated regulation of antibody PK in human
Authors: Patsatzis Dimitris G. , Wu Shengjia , Shah Dhaval K. , Goussis Dimitris A.
Published: April 2022

A demonstration is provided on how algorithmic asymptotic analysis of multi-scale pharmacokinetics (PK) systems can provide (1) system level understanding and (2) predictions on the response of the model when parameters vary. Being algorithmic, this type of analysis is not hindered by the size or complexity of the model and requires no input from the investigator. The algorithm identifies the constraints that are generated by the fast part of the model and the components of the slow part of the model that drive the system within these constraints. The demonstration is based on a typical monoclonal antibody PK model. It is shown that the findings produced by the traditional methodologies, which require significant input by the investigator, can be produced algorithmically and more accurately. Moreover, additional insights are provided by the algorithm, which cannot be obtained by the traditional methodologies; notably, the dual influence of certain reactions depending on whether their fast or slow component dominates. The analysis reveals that the importance of physiological processes in determining the systemic exposure of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) varies with time. The analysis also confirms that the rate of mAb uptake by the cells, the binding affinity of mAb to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), and the intracellular degradation rate of mAb are the most sensitive parameters in determining systemic exposure of mAbs. The algorithmic framework for analysis introduced and the resulting novel insights can be used to engineer antibodies with desired PK properties.
Unusual features of lattice dynamics in lawsonite near its phase transitions
Authors: Kadlec Filip , Nuzhnyy Dmitry , Kadlec Christelle , Petzelt Jan , Savinov Maxim , Kamba Stanislav
Published: April 2022

Lattice dynamics of a single crystal of lawsonite were studied over a broad range of frequencies (1 Hz to 20 THz) using impedance, THz time-domain and infrared spectroscopies. Based on polarized spectra of complex permittivity $$\hat{\varepsilon }$$

ε
^

measured as a function of temperature between 10 K and 500 K, we analyzed the properties of the two known phase transitions—an antiferrodistortive one near $$T_{\mathrm{c}1}=270\,\mathrm{K}$$

T

c
1

=
270

K

and a ferroelectric one, occurring at $$T_{\mathrm{c}2}=124\,\mathrm{K}$$

T

c
2

=
124

K

. The former one is accompanied by a flat maximum in the THz-range permittivity $$\hat{\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{c}}$$

ε
^

c

near $$T_{\mathrm{c}1}$$

T

c
1

, which is due to an overdamped polar excitation in the $$\mathbf {E} \parallel c$$

E
‖
c

spectra reflecting the dynamics of water and hydroxyl groups. The strength of this mode decreases on cooling below $$T_{\mathrm{c}1}$$

T

c
1

, and the mode vanishes below $$T_{\mathrm{c}2}$$

T

c
2

due to hydrogen ordering. At the pseudoproper ferroelectric phase transition, two independent anomalies in permittivity were observed. First, $$\hat{\varepsilon }_a$$

ε
^

a

exhibits a peak at $$T_{\mathrm{c}2}=124\,\mathrm{K}$$

T

c
2

=
124

K

due to critical slowing down of a relaxation in the GHz range. Second, infrared and THz spectra revealed an optical phonon softening towards $$T_{\mathrm{c}2}$$

T

c
2

which causes a smaller but pronounced maximum in $$\hat{\varepsilon }_b$$

ε
^

b

. Such anomaly, consisting in a soft mode polarized perpendicularly to the ferroelectric axis, is unusual in ferroelectrics.