bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Characteristics and Time Series Forecast of Fatal Road Crashes in Manipal, India
Authors: Sumit Kumar , Ross Veerle , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Polders Evelien , Wets Geert , Brijs Kris
Published: March 2022

Road crashes are the sixth leading cause of death in India. There has been a fourfold increase in the number of road traffic crashes in India in the last four decades and an increase of 9.8 times in the fatalities associated with that exponential increase. Manipal is a coastal place with a population of approximately 50,000 inhabitants lying in between the western Mountain range and the Arabian sea. The study’s objective is to explore the characteristics of fatal road crashes in Manipal from 2008–2018 using the data pertaining to fatal crashes retrieved from the office of the superintendent of police. Furthermore, it aims to forecast crashes by time series analysis prediction. The results show that most of the fatal crashes are due to exceeding the lawful speed limit, followed by driving under the influence of alcohol and going ahead and overtaking. The time series analysis forecasted the number of fatal crashes until the year 2025 and predicted that there will be an increase in the number of fatal road crashes by 4.5%. The results also provide essential leads for initiating specific intervention programmes targeting the causes of fatal road crashes.
Cleaning up Forever Chemicals in Construction: Informing Industry Change
Authors: Chamberlain Kurt , Storey Bethanie , Brown Jayden , Rayburg Scott , Rodwell John , Neave Melissa
Published: March 2022

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substance (PFAS) contamination has been found in the construction spoil of many major projects, and there is growing concern about the health and environmental implications of these “forever” chemicals. In a context where construction and tunneling have experienced substantial growth, Australia and other countries are still developing their PFAS management. This study used convergent interviews to surface the key common issues that are associated with the management of PFAS contamination in the construction industry. The construction industry appears stuck in their ways and extremely financially driven. Regulation is not working because of poor enforcement and policing from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA could look to employ individuals with more construction industry experience in order to become a strong regulator in the industry, as well as to streamlining decision-making processes, while maintaining quality. To speed up changes in the management of PFASs within the construction industry, large organizations could be targeted by the relevant sustainability rating scheme, and there could be further use of the alliance models to research, develop, and implement PFAS treatment methods.
Returns to Disease Resistance Research When Pest Management Is an Option
Authors: Mooney Daniel F. , Swinton Scott M. , Subía Cristian , Peralta Eduardo
Published: March 2022

Resistant cultivars offer a pathway to sustainable intensification by maintaining yields and reducing inputs in the face of disease pressure. Past studies of economic returns to crop breeding research for disease resistance measured farm-level benefits, by comparing yields for improved resistant varieties (RVs) to susceptible traditional varieties. This approach will poorly approximate actual research benefits if non-RV pest management options exist, because it does not account for farmer pest control behavior. We propose a unit cost model that controls for farm-level yields and pesticide inputs. The model estimates the difference in unit variable costs (UVC), with and without disease pressure for RV adopters and non-adopters, while holding pest control inputs, farm characteristics, and other factors fixed. We apply the model to data from 136 bean farmer households in northern Ecuador, where RV research is ongoing and fungicide use is widespread. We find no difference in UVC, with and without disease pressure for non-adopters. For adopters, UVC is 24% lower with disease pressure than without. This translates to an ex-post net present value (NPV) of USD 698,828 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 17%, compared to an NPV of USD 887,391 and IRR of 29%, when accounting for yield differences only. The results oblige impact assessments to account for changes in yields and input costs when pest management is an option.
Slow Fashion Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review
Authors: Domingos Mariana , Vale Vera Teixeira , Faria Silvia
Published: March 2022

This study aims to understand the dimensions associated with the behavior of the Slow Fashion consumer, their values, attitudes, and motivations, as well as to know in depth the literature related to Slow Fashion. The present article is a literature review related to the concept of “Slow Fashion”, and follows a qualitative methodology based on an in-depth literature review of 25 papers from the Scopus and Web of Science research databases. For this literature review, a content analysis was initially performed through a bibliometric analysis. Then, a mind map was developed where the five major dimensions related to Slow Fashion consumer behavior were identified: “ethical values”, “sustainable consumption”, “consumer motivations”, “consumer attitudes”, and “sustainability awareness”. We than related the mind map with the main conclusions of the literature review. The main limitation of this research results from the low number of published papers approaching the research concept. We were, however, able to identify the main concepts associated with the movement of Slow Fashion, thereby contributing to the available information on the variables that impact consumers’ purchasing decisions.
Assessment of Drought-Tolerant Provenances of Austria’s Indigenous Tree Species
Authors: Karrer Gerhard , Bassler-Binder Gabriele , Willner Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

(1) Background: Forestry will have to react to climate change because many tree species suffer. Mitigation can be realized either by planting non-native trees from regions with high climatic stress or by utilizing native tree provenances already adapted to stressful environments. Non-native trees have often generated problems in the past due to uncontrolled invasiveness. The use of native trees pre-adapted to the prospective climatic conditions is far less risky for the respective ecosystems. We offer a tool for selecting ecotypes of native trees as provenances for future forestry. (2) Methods: We propose the selection of tree species native to Middle Europe from a database of vegetation relevés of ± natural forest stands. By calculating the mean ecological indicator values of stands from their vegetation, cover sites can be elected that can provide seeds of provenances well adapted to future climatic conditions. (3) Results: By selecting the 10% partition of the most extreme stands of European tree species, seeds can be sampled and propagated for re-cultivating forests fit for future climate. (4) Conclusions: One can expect ecotypes of tree species that grow well on dry sites, since generations have faced evolutionary selection, for survival under stressful environments. This approach helps to avoid ecological risks of non-native trees.
Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Small-Scale Fishers of Trang Province, Thailand and Their Coping Strategies
Authors: Arai Yuki , Sanlee Maneewan , Uehara Misato , Iwasaki Shimpei
Published: March 2022

Scientists have recorded the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on small-scale fishers (SSFs), such as stagnating market demands and reduction in market price and income. Even though scientific evidence has heeded to these impacts, there is limited evidence regarding the long-term impacts and coping mechanisms of SSFs over longer periods. In addition, few studies have analysed these impacts and strategies from multiple perspectives. Our study aims to describe the perceived impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on the communities of SSFs and the strategies adopted by them since the beginning of the outbreak in Trang Province, Thailand. Both qualitative and quantitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews indicated that, in the early stage of the outbreak, the SSFs used their natural, financial, and social capitals wisely; notably, human capitals were essential for the recovery in the later stages. Our findings suggested that an adaptive capacity to flexibly change livelihoods played an important role for the SSFs to cope with the outbreak; most importantly, our study indicated that, in a stagnating global economy, alternative income sources may not necessarily help SSFs.
Selecting Disaster Waste Transportation Routes to Reduce Overlapping of Transportation Routes after Floods
Authors: Lee Yoon-Ha , Kim Young-Chan , Seo Hyuncheol
Published: March 2022

Disasters have been a major subject of research considering damages caused in terms of losses of lives and properties and the functionality of critical services in cities. Floods generate large amounts of waste, causing several functional deteriorations, such as disrupted transportation, water supply, and wastewater management. Hence, it is necessary to establish an effective plan to secure urban resilience during the disaster response and recovery phases. This study proposes a method to reduce overlaps between disaster waste transportation routes and other emergency response activities after floods in the response and recovery phases. The network analysis of a geographic information system was used to analyze the supplying routes of evacuation, rescue/aid, hospital transportation, and police services for each disaster phase to reduce the overlapping of routes. The results showed that by using the proposed method, the average length of the disaster waste transportation routes increased by 25.29% and 9.80% in the response and recovery phases, respectively, whereas the length of the sections overlapping with the routes providing critical services decreased by 47.49% and 55.57% in the response and recovery phases, respectively. We believe that the proposed method identifies new corresponding key issues to establish disaster waste management plans to secure urban resilience after a disaster.
Thermal-Energy Performance of Bulk Insulation Coupled with High-Albedo Roof Tiles in Urban Pitched Residential Roof Assemblies in the Hot, Humid Climate
Authors: Dahim Mohammed , Farhan Syed Ahmad , Shafiq Nasir , Al-Mattarneh Hashem , Ismail Rabah
Published: March 2022

The high rate of heat transfer through the residential roof assembly aggravates the condition of indoor thermal discomfort. Bulk insulation can be installed in the assembly to improve thermal performance. However, although it can efficiently reduce diurnal heat transfer from the outdoor environment into the indoor space through the roof assembly, it can also suppress nocturnal heat transfer in the opposite direction. Alternatively, high-albedo roof tiles employ cool colors to reflect heat at the roof surface, whereas bulk insulation hinders the conduction of heat through the roof assembly. In light of the potential of high-albedo roof tiles and bulk insulation in reducing heat transfer, thermal-energy performance of an urban pitched residential roof assembly, which adopted varying configurations of high-albedo roof tiles and bulk insulation under a hot, humid climate, was evaluated. Energy savings were generated, which were 15.13% when the change from a conventional to a high-albedo roof surface was performed, and 17.00% when the installation of bulk insulation was performed on the high-albedo roof assembly.
Characteristics of Gym-Goers Performance-Enhancing Substance Use
Authors: Tavares Ana Sofia R. , Carolino Elisabete , Rosado António , Calmeiro Luís , Serpa Sidónio
Published: March 2022

The use of prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) in fitness and gym settings is a public health concern as knowledge concerning its short-term and long-term adverse health consequences is emerging. Understanding the underlying psychosocial mechanisms of PES use and the characteristics of the gym-goers who use PES could help identify those who are most vulnerable to PES use. The aim of this study was to investigate the profile (e.g., sociodemographic factors, exercise profile, gym modalities, peers, and social influence) and psychosocial determinants (e.g., attitudes, subjective norms, beliefs, and intentions) of PES users in gym and fitness contexts. In total, 453 gym-goers (mean age = 35.64 years; SD = 13.08) completed an online survey. Neural networks showed a global profile of PES users characterized by a desire to increase muscle mass, shape their body, and improve physical condition; being advised by friends, training colleagues and coaches or on the Internet; less formal education, and more positive beliefs for PES use. These results may support public health and clinical interventions to prevent abusive use of PES and improve the health and well-being of gym-goers.
The Impact of New Human Resource Management Practices on Innovation Performance during the COVID 19 Crisis: A New Perception on Enhancing the Educational Sector
Authors: Kutieshat Ruba , Farmanesh Panteha
Published: March 2022

The study aims to investigate the impact of New Human Resource Management Practices (NHRM) on innovation performance mediating by organizational innovation and innovative work behavior in the educational sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, experiential proof to determine this relationship is inadequate. Consequently, quantitative statistical tools were implemented in the study. Using data gathered from 450 employees in the Ministry of Education in Amman-Jordan who participated in the online survey the present results indicate that there is a significant positive relationship linking NHRM practices and innovation performance. Additionally, a mediating role of organizational innovation and innovative work behavior was found. Moreover, the results identified that the relation increases more by organizational innovation mediator. Therefore, based on the results, boosting NHRM practices in the Ministry of Education will reinforce managerial implementation, fostering innovative performance. During the COVID 19 pandemic, the cruel challenges obliged the educational sector to use organizational strategies to achieve innovation within the crucial and unpredictable period, which needs practical, swifter technological practices, making it unbeatable, creative, and motivational competitive. Therefore, applying NHRM can present solutions, resolve problems, and enhance innovation among employees during the response time of a crisis. Form, execution and improved environmental sustainability within organizations that rely on permanent innovation are associated with HR practices.
An Integrated Adoption Model to Manage Blockchain-Driven Business Innovation in a Sustainable Way
Authors: Drljevic Nusi , Aranda Daniel Arias , Stantchev Vladimir
Published: March 2022

Blockchain technology has the potential to drive innovations across various industries, businesses, and use cases. It is broadly recognized that innovation is a vital source of competitive advantage in a rapidly changing environment. High expectations surround blockchain’s potential for contributing to sustainable economic and social development. However, current blockchain projects still show high failure rates. The associated side effects of such failure rates generate a negative impact on economic and social sustainability performances such as corporate governance, risk management, finance management, human resources and culture management, and competitiveness. This paper assesses adoption models and their risk and success factors. Building on a novel, integrated adoption model to operationalize, measure and manage blockchain-driven business innovation in a sustainable way, we assessed its applicability with an empirical study across 20 industry sectors and 125 business leaders. The results reveal that the developed adoption model holds the potential to support the sustainable usage of blockchain technology for business innovations, not limited to a specific industry or use case. Further case studies and industry activities can be carried out to continue its validation in future works.
Demarcation of Future Urban Rigid and Elastic Development Boundaries of the City of Haikou
Authors: Pu Luoman
Published: March 2022

Accelerated urbanization both promotes the rapid development of social economy and leads to a series of disadvantages, such as the excessive consumption of resources, environmental pollution, and food security threats. It is thus necessary to reasonably demarcate future urban development boundaries. Therefore, both the external supply and the elastic space of urban internal development need to be considered. In the present study, the current urban boundaries were first identified. Then, the urban rigid and elastic development boundaries in the next three decades were obtained by employing the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) and CA-Markov models. Lastly, some suggestions were put forward for the implementation of future urban development boundaries. The results were the following. (1) The areas of the current urban boundaries of Haikou in 2000, 2010, and 2020 were 93.71, 124.26, and 260.41 km2, respectively. (2) By using the MCR model, the urban rigid development boundaries of Haikou in 2030, 2040, and 2050 were 361.27, 480.17, and 505.22 km2, respectively. (3) By using the CA-Markov model, the areas of urban elastic development boundaries in 2030, 2040, and 2050 were 381.86, 483.95, and 536.06 km2. (4) The increased elastic expansion space of urban development of Haikou while meeting the rigid constraint conditions in 2030, 2040, and 2050 was 20.59, 3.78, and 30.84 km2, respectively. (5) Suggestions need to be put forward on the implementation of future urban development boundaries from the aspects of technology, policy, and management. The results of demarcating the urban rigid and elastic development boundaries can not only prevent the excessive urban expansion and ensure the orderly, efficient and sustainable development of the city, but also more effectively protect important ecological resources, which could provide quantitative reference and decision-making basis for regional territorial space planning.
Waste Landscape: Urban Regeneration Process for Shared Scenarios
Authors: Della Spina Lucia , Giorno Claudia
Published: March 2022

The theme of urban redevelopment and regeneration has long been a priority in the international debate and current practices in the field of urban policies and strategic programs for sustainable development, implemented according to the circular economy model. In the contemporary city, there are fragments of unused, residual, abandoned landscapes, defined as “Waste LandScapes” which are the natural consequence of the metabolic process of growth and development of cities, both for the incompatibility of their original use and for the loss of their economic value. These waste landscapes, if inserted in virtuous processes of urban redevelopment, have a great intrinsic value and a considerable regenerative potential, capable of triggering virtuous development processes, not only on an urban scale but also on a territorial level. In this context, the research applied to a degraded area located on the edge of the historic center of Catanzaro (Italy) illustrates an adaptive and multi-methodological, inclusive and site-specific evaluation process, useful to support decision-makers in the selection of a shared scenario, evaluated both in multi-group and multi-criteria terms, capable of generating benefits in terms of cultural enhancement, social inclusion and economic development for a circular city.
Changes in the Potential Distribution of Vanilla planifolia Andrews under Different Climate Change Projections in Mexico
Authors: Armenta-Montero Samaria , Menchaca-García Rebeca , Pérez-Silva Araceli , Velázquez-Rosas Noé
Published: March 2022

Vanilla planifolia is the most widely cultivated species for obtaining natural vanilla. In Mexico, vanilla production has decreased due to negative effects of climate change. We evaluate the current, potential, and future of vanilla cultivation areas in Mexico using bioclimatic models with distinct climate change scenarios (intermediate emissions, temperature rise of 1.1 to 2.6 °C, and high emissions from 2.6 to 4.8 °C, to 2050 and 2070), in order to understand the magnitude of future distribution changes and propose future management strategies. We found that the areas with greatest potential for establishment of V. planifolia are northern Veracruz state bordering the state of Puebla (the Totonacapan region) and northeast Oaxaca state. In the models, the most relevant environmental variable were mean temperature and precipitation of the driest quarter. The average projections for 2050 and 2070 show a progressive reduction in the potential area for the species (−1.6 and −17.3%). However, the Totonacapan region maintains the largest ideal cultivation area, while that of northeast Oaxaca is reduced by 50%. These results show the need to redesign the strategies of agricultural production of vanilla, through sustainable and climate-smart agricultural production strategies as well as a national strategy for conservation of genetic diversity.
An Impact Assessment of the Young Farmers Scheme Policy on Regional Growth in Greece
Authors: Gkatsikos Alexandros , Natos Dimitrios , Staboulis Christos , Mattas Konstadinos , Tsagris Michail , Polymeros Apostolos
Published: March 2022

Generation renewal in farming is an urgent matter for European policy institutions that strive to maintain social cohesion and improve economic development in rural areas. Aids to young Europeans to enter the agricultural business sector have been available since 2000 to counter the negative effect of an aging rural population. This study examines for the first time the impact of the Pillar II policy measure for generation renewal on regional economic growth. The well-established input–output method was selected to estimate the income and employment effects of the policy measure, and it served as a concrete impact analysis tool. Within the AGRICORE project study for the Young Farmers Scheme in Greece, two input–output models were constructed for Thessaly and Central Macedonia, the two most agriculturally oriented regions (NUTS-2 level), to estimate multipliers and elasticities for an ex-post impact analysis of the payments of Measure 6.1 "Start-Up Aid for Young Farmers" for the CAP 2014–2020 period. Results indicate that regional output and employment are significantly benefited from the generation renewal policies while income generation is positive but at a lesser extent. Furthermore, indirect jobs created in rural areas equal to 20% of the direct employment expressed as the number of new entrants. Consequently, the Measure proves to stimulate regional output, refresh the agricultural population and enhance rural employment, and it can be a useful tool for policy makers to support rural welfare and maintain social and economic cohesion.
Chiral Chemical Potential and Magnetic Effects on QCD Matter in NJL Model with a Self-Consistent Method
Authors: Liu Juan , Shi Song
Published: March 2022

The NJL model of one-flavor quark is employed to study the properties of QCD mater with finite temperature, external magnetic field, and chiral chemical potential. Through the mean-field approximation and a self-consistent method, a non-perturbative quark propagator is proposed to deduce the gap equations, and it can be proved that besides the classic vacuum condensate, there are non-zero statistical averages of a quark current and quark magnetic moment. Through a rigorous algebraic method, the quark current leads to a modified chiral magnetic effect. Through a numerical method, the quark magnetic moment is non-zero in the chiral breaking phase, and its relation with chiral chemical potential is studied.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Evolutionary History and Zoonotic Potential of Moroccan H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from 2016 to 2021
Authors: El Mellouli Fatiha , Mouahid Mohamed , Fusaro Alice , Zecchin Bianca , Zekhnini Hasnae , El Khantour Abderrazak , Giussani Edoardo , Palumbo Elisa , Rguibi Idrissi Hamid , Monne Isabella , Benhoussa Abdelaziz
Published: March 2022

The H9N2 virus continues to spread in wild birds and poultry worldwide. At the beginning of 2016, the H9N2 Avian influenza virus (AIV) was detected in Morocco for the first time; despite the implementation of vaccination strategies to control the disease, the virus has become endemic in poultry in the country. The present study was carried out to investigate the origins, zoonotic potential, as well as the impact of vaccination on the molecular evolution of Moroccan H9N2 viruses. Twenty-eight (28) H9N2 viruses collected from 2016 to 2021 in Moroccan poultry flocks were isolated and their whole genomes sequenced. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses showed that Moroccan H9N2 viruses belong to the G1-like lineage and are closely related to viruses isolated in Africa and the Middle East. A high similarity among all the 2016–2017 hemagglutinin sequences was observed, while the viruses identified in 2018–2019 and 2020–2021 were separated from their 2016–2017 ancestors by long branches. Mutations in the HA protein associated with antigenic drift and increased zoonotic potential were also found. The Bayesian phylogeographic analyses revealed the Middle East as being the region where the Moroccan H9N2 virus may have originated, before spreading to the other African countries. Our study is the first comprehensive analysis of the evolutionary history of the H9N2 viruses in the country, highlighting their zoonotic potential and pointing out the importance of implementing effective monitoring systems.
Do Optimists Like Vaccines? The Effect of Perceived Vaccine Novelty and Beliefs in the World’s Positivity and Orderliness on the Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccinations—The Case of European Young Adults
Authors: Trzebiński Wojciech , Trzebiński Jerzy
Published: March 2022

The public debate over COVID-19 vaccinations tends to focus on vaccine-related arguments, such as their effectiveness and safety. However, the characteristics of a person’s worldview, such as beliefs about the world’s positivity and orderliness, may also shape attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations. These relationships were investigated using schema incongruity theory. The degree of the vaccine’s incongruence with the world’s order schema existing in people’s minds was represented by perceived vaccine novelty. Accordingly, the results of an online survey among European young adults (N = 435) indicate that perceived vaccine novelty negatively affects behavioral outcomes (vaccination intent, willingness to pay for vaccinations, and vaccination advocacy). Moreover, there occurred a negative interaction effect of positivity and orderliness beliefs on behavioral outcomes. Specifically, an effect of positivity was more positive when people perceived the world as less ordered. Furthermore, this interaction effect was more negative when perceived vaccine novelty was higher. A mediating role of perceived vaccine effectiveness was demonstrated for the above relationships. The results extend the existing literature on people’s worldviews into the domain of vaccine attitudes, and provide new insights on the role of perceived vaccine novelty. For vaccination policymakers and marketers, the paper suggests how to promote vaccinations with consideration of orderliness/positivity beliefs and vaccine novelty perception.
Enhanced Oxygen Volumetric Mass Transfer in a Geometrically Constrained Vortex
Authors: Agostinho Luewton , Pecnik Rene , Woisetschläger Jakob , de Kroon Esther , Şişcanu Nicolae , van de Griend Maarten , Loiskandl Willibald , Fuchs Elmar
Published: March 2022

Aeration is one of the most cost intensive steps in water and wastewater treatment due to the large energy requirement for the creation of large surfaces for sufficient gas exchange as well as for providing efficient liquid transport in order to exchange saturated liquid elements at the surface with unsaturated ones from the bulk. In this work we show that geometrically constrained vortices in a hyperbolic funnel are a promising aeration technique as they meet these criteria and allow oxygen transfer coefficients up to 50 h−1, a number significantly higher than that of comparable methods like air jets or impellers (<10 h−1).
Watershed Eco-Compensation Mechanism in China: Policies, Practices and Recommendations
Authors: Cheng Xinyi , Fang Lan , Mu Lan , Li Jun , Wang Heng
Published: March 2022

Watershed eco-compensation (WEC) is considered a significant environmental policy instrument for watershed ecological protection and management. However, in the legislation and practice of eco-compensation in China, the development of the WEC mechanism is still in the initial stages. In this paper, the institutional opportunities and challenges of WEC are analyzed from the existing policies, laws, and economical instruments. Theoretically, WEC in China has seen a combination of punitive-based “Watershed Ecological Damage Compensation (WEDC)” and incentive-based “Watershed Ecological Protective Compensation (WEPC)”. Through a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign watershed compensation practices, the results demonstrate that most of China’s WEC projects have an insufficient legal basis, a single compensatory subject, insufficient compensation funds, and an imperfect market-oriented compensation mechanism. To improve watershed eco-compensation in China, it is recommended to strengthen legislation, select diversified eco-compensation approaches, and establish a market-based and systematic eco-compensation mechanism for watersheds.
Pemantauan Penyerapan Gas Beracun Menggunakan Tanaman Sansevieria Pada Ruangan Tertutup
Authors: Putra Barzan Trio , Exaudi Kemahyanto , Passarella Rossi , Sari Purwita
Published: March 2022

Kualitas udara didalam ruangan perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan manusia. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu menjaga kualitas udara dalam ruangan tetap bersih dengan memanfaatkan tanaman sansevieria trifasciata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi kadar polusi udara didalam sebuah ruangan tertutup yang terdapat tanaman Sansevieria Trifasciata. Fungsi tanaman tersebut sebagai penyerap gas beracun seperti karbon monoksida (CO) yang tercemar didalam ruangan. Prototipe ruangan uji berukuran 65cm x 65cm x 65cm. Sensor gas diletakkan di bagian atas ruangan dan slot untuk memasukkan sampel gas dibagian depan. Sistem kerjanya adalah ruangan dilakukan strerilisasi sampai sensor gas mendeteksi nilai ppm normal, kemudian sampel gas dimasukkan kedalam ruangan uji menggunakan media suntik dan sensor gas kembali membaca nilai ppm sampai kondisi normal.  Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa tanaman sansevieria dapat menyerap gas CO dengan sempurna. Ukuran dan bentuk sansevieria juga mempengaruhi proses penyerapan gas CO. semakin besar tanaman maka samakin baik daya serapnya. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan Rerata waktu yang dibutuhkan sansevieria kecil menyerap gas asap sampai mencapai ppm normal adalah 120 menit. Sedangkan untuk sansevieria besar selama 80 menit.
La politique censitaire du marquis de Condorcet
Authors: Guibert-Sledziewski Elisabeth
Published: March 2022

Pourquoi la Révolution française a-t-elle entraîné la condamnation, mais aussi l'adhésion de Condorcet ? Un texte écrit par lui sur le rapport entre propriété et droits civiques peut être interrogé à ce propos :

"Sur les fonctions des Etats-Généraux, et, des autres assemblées nationales", paru en 1789. Condorcet y défend l'idée qu' "on doit regarder les propriétaires comme étant les seuls véritables citoyens". C'est au nom de la démocratie et de la lutte contre les privilèges, que sont exclus de la vie politique et du pouvoir ceux qui n'ont pas de bien. Ils ne peuvent avoir en effet le souci du bien public, et le moyen réel d'y contribuer. Condorcet révèle ici les contradictions d'une bourgeoisie qui hésite à l'alliance avec le peuple, condition nécessaire de la Révolution.
La mathématique des probabilités dans l'art social
Authors: Buzon Catherine de
Published: March 2022

Le projet de mathématique sociale développé par Condorcet dans plusieurs ouvrages engage bien plus qu'une technique statistique ou qu'une simple application curieuse de la théorie des probabilités. Donnée par Condorcet comme une condition nécessaire du bonheur et du perfectionnement de l'espece humaine, véritable Science nouvelle, la mathématique sociale exprime toute la complexité des idées politiques, philosophiques, morales et mathématiques de son auteur. Elle permet de le situer tant dans l'histoire des sciences que dans celle de la philosophie, et fonde enfin la théorie du progrès de l'Esquisse.
Propositions pour un enseignement de la traduction orale en laboratoire de langues
Authors: Franchéo Marianne
Published: March 2022

Comment peut-on acquérir de façon rationnelle, efficace et individuelle une certaine technique de la traduction orale ?

Partant d'une situation pédagogique concrète combinée avec des exigences spécifiques, nous essayons d'augmenter les capacités linguistiques en utilisant le laboratoire de langues ainsi que des séries d'exercices progressifs en vue d'un but précis..
Conte ou Mythe ? Apulée : Métamorphoses (IV. § XXVIII à VI. § XXIV)
Authors: Brossard Michèle
Published: March 2022

Une lecture naïve permet de reconnaître de nombreux traits des contes populaires dans l'histoire de Psyché et Cupidon Insérée par Apulée dans son roman Les Métamorphoese (IV § XXVIII, VI § XXIV).

Ce texte offre un champ tout désigné pour mettre è l'épreuve le modèle proposé par Vladimir Propp dons sa Morphologie du Conte. L'étude des fonctions selon la méthode de Propp permet de faire ressortir qu'il s'agit d'un conte populaire.

Les renseignements recueillis è l'issue d'une analyse menée selon cette méthode soulignent l'intérêt qu'elle offre pour l'étude d'un texte de cette nature et permettent par ailleurs de proposer, après une comparaison avec le mythe d'Isis, un essai d'interprétation du sens caché d'un conte où la fonction mythique, originelle se laisse encore exhiber.
L'anneau (ou le centre inhabitable). Mythe et cosmos de Richard Wagner
Authors: Fricheau Catherine
Published: March 2022

Qu'y a-t-il dans l'Anneau de Nibelung ? Quel monde Wagner a-t-il enfermé dans le cercle merveilleux ?

Avec quoi a-t-il fabriqué son mythe ? Avec des "petits boutons de chemise", des grains solides qui résistent è la représentation et à l'Interprétation.

On entre dans le monde, on ne le transpose pas. Sa réalité est unique, comme est unique le langage qui la dit. Le dédoublement rend aveugle et sourd. Siegfried échoue lorsqu'il essaye d'imiter le chant des mésanges sur un roseau taillé. Il n'y a qu'un seul monde et qu'un seul langage : une seule musique. Il reste alors à décrire toutes les réalités qui composent le monde. Pour cela nous avons procédé par montage d'éléments empruntés à l'Opéra lui-même, aux contes romantiques allemands, à la poésie scaldique, aux légendes grecques et aux coutumes populaires, afin de réunir le plus d'images, le plus de sensations, le plus d'expériences possibles.
Dans la forge à cauchemars mythologiques. Sorcières, praticiennes et hystériques
Authors: Ouerd Michèle
Published: March 2022

Dans la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle surtout, surgit toute une littérature médicale consacrée à la sorcellerie, considérée alors comme «l'ancêtre» historique de la nouvelle hystérie. De l'une à l'autre, le travail des médecins, dans ses aspects théoriques aussi bien que pratiques, trahit des préoccupations d'ordre idéologique sous couvert d'intérêt scientifique. Peut-être est-il possible de comprendre la nature de ce discours, si l'on cherche comment et pourquoi les femmes ont été écartées des lieux où un tel discours fondamentalement misogyne s'est élaboré. Alors le thème de l'hystérie masculine, cher à Charcot, serait la marque ultime de ces cauchemars mythologiques où tout ce qui est autre — sorcière, hystérique serait à réduire, sinon à détruire et, pour le moins, à coloniser.
Évolution historique de la notion d'élément chimique
Authors: Sadoun Goupil Michelle
Published: March 2022

La noción de elemento es una de las bases de la química, cuya presentación a menudo plantea problemas al cuerpo docente, y cuya adquisición siempre resulta dificultuosa. El examen de la evolución histórica de esta noción ha de ayudar, en cierta medida, a comprender mejor las dificultades halladas por los principiantes, y, por lo tanto, a resolverlas.

En esta relación haremos todo lo posible para presentar claramente y sin deformarlas las ideas expresadas a ese respecto por los que nos precedieron ; estas mismas ideas se integran en grandes corrientes de pensamiento, dentro de las cuales ha evolucionado la noción para llegar hasta nosotros.
Comment définir l'élément chimique ? Point de vue du XIXe siècle
Authors: Bensaude-Vincent Bernadette
Published: March 2022

Sous une apparence familière, la notion d'élément chimique cache de grandes obscurités qui sautent aux yeux dès qu'on cherche à la définir rigoureusement. Cet article a pour but de souligner, à travers l'histoire de l'élément au 19ème siècle, quelques unes des difficultés principales que pose ce concept. On peut reconnaître, par exemple, dans la tradition qui attribue à Lavoisier l'origine de la définition moderne, la preuve d'une confusion durable entre corps simple et élément. A la faveur de cette confusion et des remous provoqués par l'atomisme naissant, on laisse longtemps en souffrance la question de l'élément. Car, même si plus tard l'atome devait apparaître comme un maillon nécessaire à la définition de l'élément, il semble d'abord avoir augmenté la confusion des concepts ; il jette même indirectement un doute sur le nombre et la nature des éléments. Mendeleev fondera au contraire sa classification périodique sur une bonne mise au point des concepts de base et sur la conviction que les éléments chimiques sont une pluralité d'individus irréductibles.
Difficultés de compréhension en électronique élémentaire
Authors: Gillet Bernard
Published: March 2022

Cet article rend compte d'un travail effectué auprès de 80 élèves de Classes Terminales d'électronique de la Région Parisienne. Ils ont été interrogés par entretien lors de la résolution d'exercices scolaires habituels : élaboration et traitement d'équations (celle de la maille d'un circuit électrique simple et celle de la droite de charge), de graphiques, de schémas et de montages. L'article propose d'abord un langage pour décrire d'une part les processus attendus dans l'exécution de la tâche et d'autre part le déroulement même des raisonnements observés (buts, tactiques, vérifications).

Après l'exposé de la cotation des résultats et une évaluation quantitative de l'importance des erreurs, les difficultés des élèves sont présentées à travers le cadre d'analyse des conduites observées et ce, pour chaque sorte de données successivement (équations, graphiques, schémas, montages).
Sur l'intérêt d'une nouvelle présentation de la Thermodynamique
Authors: Tonnelat Jacques
Published: March 2022

En la física, el recurso a modelos matemáticos permite utilizar modos de razonamientos mas potentes, pero tal tipo de modelo no se adapta necesariamente mejor a la explicación de un fenómeno físico que un modelo fenomenológico.

Los modelos que suelen ser utilizados en termodinamica clasica y en

termodinámica de los fenómenos irreversibles son motivos de discusión.

En los informes habituales de termodinámica estadística, la introducción prematura de un modelo matemático disimula los trastornos sucesivos relacionados con el aumento de entropía. La toma en consideración de un modelo puramente fenomenologico const i tu i do por entidades susceptibles de transformación durante la evolución lleva a concluir que un si stoma cerrado y aislado se encamina hacia estados de equilibrio instantáneos sucesivos que pueden ser realizados de modos cada vez más numerosos. Este enunciado de la ley de evolución es mas general que el enunciado habitual que sólo toma en cuenta el aumento de entropía. Su explotación es más fructuosa en el caso de sistemas naturales. Resulta que hay que distinguir las posibilidades de reparticiones en el espacio y las posibilidades de reparticiones én los niveles de energía. Estas últimas intervienen solas en la relación dS = dQ/T. Un sistema que evoluciona se encamina hacia un estado más probable en el sentido estadístico, y no hacia un estado de energía más baja. Ademas, es de notar que no existe vinculo necesario entre entropía y desorden, ni vínculo alguno entre entropía e información .
Entre l'oral et l'écrit
Authors: Zumthor Paul
Published: March 2022

Using the example of very different ages and civilisations, the author analyses the relationships which have arisen historically between the spoken and the written word, and, more specifically, the influence each has had upon the other, due to methods of communication and structures of speech. In conclusion he tries to perceive the meaning behind the nostalgia for the living word which seems to be the hallmark of our civilisation.
Les procédés mnémotechniques d'un conteur breton
Authors: Laurent Donatien
Published: March 2022

Presenta el autor a J.L. Rolland, viejo narrador bretón de la comarca de Carhaix. Aunque no tuvo la oportunidad de contar desde unos treinta años, pudo sin embargo recordar gran número de cuentos, que han sido grabados, o escritos a máquina. Más que todo, este narrador sabe hablar de su actividad : dice cómo pudo fijar en la memoria su repertorio después de ofrecer cada cuento una sola vez, gracias a una división de la historia en 13 segmentos simbolizados por 13 palabras. Es un testimonio de gran valía ya que son escasos los informes sobre la manera de fijar en la memoria y transmitir los cuentos populares.
Faire, dire, écrire. Et qu'est-ce que ça signifie ?
Authors: Bompard-Porte Michèle
Published: March 2022

L'auteur fait état d'un certain nombre de travaux récents, d'origines diverses (mathématiques, histoire, psychanalyse, épistémologie) puis tente de montrer qu'une préoccupation commune et des propositions convergentes les animent. Une situation de crise très spécifique existerait en effet dans les différents domaines du savoir, due aux abîmes créés entre ce qui peut s'écrire, ce qui peut se dire et ce qui peut se faire. L'analyse de cette situation permet de poser le problème de la signification de manière plus fine, voire renouvelée, et les voies nouvelles d'approche et de compréhension de la signification sont brièvement évoquées.
Vargas Llosa, lecteur de Flaubert
Authors: Baldran Jacqueline
Published: March 2022

Cette lecture de L'Orgie Perpétuelle se propose de déterminer l'apport de Vargas Llosa à la critique flaubertienne, les sources vraisemblablement utilisées par l'auteur. En rapprochant cet essai d'autres textes de critique littéraire de l'écrivain péruvien, et en suivant la querelle qui l'a opposé à Angel Rama dans le journal «Marcha», on reconnaît la permanence de certaines réflexions sur l'écrivain et la création littéraire et l'influence qu'exerce Flaubert sur Vargas Llosa.
Entre la censure et l'exhibitionnisme : l'autobiographie selon Vargas Llosa dans La Tía Julia y el Escribidor
Authors: Ressot Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2022

Le roman La tía Julia y el escribidor présente, dans l'alternance symétrique de ses chapitres, deux modalités paradoxales de la démarche autobiographique. La conscience problématique de l'écrivain est mise à jour par les masques de ses personnages : censure et exhibitionnisme, c'est à dire, d'une part, image idéalisante de sa propre vie transposée, avec l'histoire de Marito, dans l'écran rose du roman feuilleton, et, d'autre part, déformation burlesque, vision outrancière et ludique, dans les prétendus feuilletons de Pedro Camacho, de ce que devient la création littéraire échappant au contrôle de l'écrivain. L'autobiographie est là, dans ces deux facettes contradictoires et complémentaires de Vargas Llosa, de la même façon que tous les personnages, y compris la tante Julia, ne sont rien d'autre que l'image littéraire des aspects divers de sa personnalité, ou comme l'expression symbolique de l'exorcisme confié à l'art.
Nixonland U.S.A.
Authors: Nataf Valérie
Published: March 2022

Confier à Nixon le rôle du narrateur privilégié dans une œuvre contemporaine, tel est le pari de Coover. Ce choix conditionne une écriture dont notre étude se propose de cerner les enjeux.

En premier lieu, il s’agit d’examiner l’esthétique du discontinu qui s’exprime à la fois au niveau structurel et dans l’écriture fantasmatique. Il en résultera une tension entre le réel et l’imaginaire. Nixon métaphorisera ce processus dont nous analyserons les deux étapes : le «brouillage» et la contamination.

Ensuite, nous constaterons l’effet produit par ce décalage entre la vérité historique et la fiction. C’est, bien sûr, le rire dont les manifestations diverses révèlent autant de points de vue de Coover quant à l’idéologie américaine.

Celle-ci fournira la matière à notre troisième problématique. En effet, Nixon s’avère être le véhicule des métaphores religieuse et spectaculaire dans le roman. Nous en étudierons les fonctionnements spécifiques dans le cadre d’une certaine nixonisation de l’Amérique, c’est-à-dire d’une emblématisation symptomatique des années cinquante.
Le jeu de la narration dans The Public Burning
Authors: Abrioux Yves
Published: March 2022

In dem Roman von Robert Coover The Public Burning übernehmen ein anonymer Erzähler, der an der Handlung nicht teilnimmt, und Richard Nixon, die Hauptfigur, die Erzählerrolle. Beide treten abwechselnd auf. Diese Technik erlaubt es zweifelsohne, die Gestalt Nixons zu demystifizieren. Es darf jedoch nicht ausser acht gelassen werden, dass ein solcher Vorgang den Schwierigkeiten aus dem Wege geht und dass implizite ideologische Aspekte aufscheinen. Liest man die Kapitel des anonymen Erzählers und die Nixons wie aufeinanderfolgende «Coups» in einem Erzählspiel, so erscheint das Anliegen des Romans in einem ganz anderen Licht. Die Unterscheidung, die von der Linguistik zwischen Information und Pragmatik vorgenommen wird, erweist sich als bedeutsam für die Analyse der Wirkungen, die durch die Rolle der Erzählers Nixon und die in dem Public Burning zahlreichen theatralischen Metaphern entstehen. Der Roman von Cooper führt den Leser in ein Labyrinth und zwingt ihn, sich über die Logik und den Wert der Erzählung eine Anzahl äusserst aktueller Fragen zu stellen. Die Analyse betont auch die Rolle, die der Mimetismus in diesem Roman spielt.
La ville en propre. La police des rues à Paris aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Houdard Sophie
Published: March 2022

Las calles de la Capital limpias y seguras : esta orden dirigida a los parisienses a mediados del siglo XVII es el punto de partida de este estudio. La limpieza de la ciudad es asunto de la Policía, lo “sucio" entra en el campo de la penalidad y de la seguridad pública, cuando los criterios medicales estabilizan las normas de la limpieza y del bienestar.

En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones que permitieron la creación y el desarrollo de prácticas - institucionales y privadas - de limpieza, la emergencia de una nueva sensibilidad en las personas, la aparición en los textos y en el mapa de la ciudad de una geografía moral de la limpieza y de la suciedad.
Structures de l’imaginaire urbain dans les romans de Marivaux
Authors: Deneys Anne
Published: March 2022

Taking a Hegelian analysis of civil society as our inspiration we attempt to show how the town in le Paysan parvenu and La Vie de Marianne becomes the theatre of History. But the narration also presents Paris as a place of transgression, reversibility, and chance. The town is the world of the equivocal sign. For the characters, achieving an identity means integrating into a society of appearances, a world of complex théâtralisation. In the seduction ritual we can recognise the symbols of order and constraint ; but at the same time, a subtle perversion turns them into the accomplices of individual pleasure.