bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histo-morphological study of a giant Meckel's diverticulum with gastric type of mucosa
Authors: Nayak B. , Shetty P. , Sirasanagandla S. , Kumar N. , Aithal A.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum or ileal diverticulum is one of the common congenital anomalies of the digestive system. It may not cause any problems in many, but may form serious life threatening complications in a few. Materials and Methods: We conducted a histo-morphological study of a giant Meckel's diverticulum found during cadaveric dissections of a South Indian adult male cadaver. The diverticulum was 7.5 cm long and had a circumference of 1.5 cm. Results: Gross anatomical and histological observations revealed healthy nature of the diverticulum without any inflammation. However, the mucosa had gastric type of glands with plenty of parietal cells. This incidence of Meckel's diverticulum was noted in only one cadaver among more than 100 cadavers dissected in the past twenty years. Conclusion: Knowledge of its morphological features may be very useful to surgeons, radiologists and gastroenterologists. We discuss the clinical importance of the diverticulum and review the relevant literature in this manuscript.
Microvolt T-wave alternans in young myocardial infarction patients with preserved cardiac function treated with single-vessel primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Somuncu Mustafa Umut , Erturk Mehmet , Karakurt Huseyin , Demir Ali Rıza , Bulut Umit , Kurtar Asli , Akbay Ertan , Akgul Ozgur
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Myocardial infarction continues to be the most important cause of morbidity and mortality, and recently this disease has begun to be seen uncommonly at young ages. In our study we aimed to assess microvolt T-wave alternans in young patients who had ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular function and who underwent single-vessel revascularization.

Material and methods:  We enrolled 108 consecutive patients (age: 39.5 ±4.1) with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and 43 patients (age: 38.5 ±3.7) with normal coronary angiograms as a control group. The myocardial infarction patients were younger than 45 and had a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. They were divided into three groups according to the culprit artery. The microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) values were calculated an average of 12 months after the primary percutaneous coronary intervention using the modified moving average method.

Results: The MTWA positivity was significantly higher in the STEMI group compared to the controls (p < 0.001). It was also significantly higher in STEMI patients with left anterior descending artery lesions compared to patients with circumflex artery and right coronary artery lesions (p = 0.013). Moreover, the culprit artery was an independent predictor of MTWA positivity (p = 0.043).

Conclusions: In STEMI patients of a young age, MTWA positivity was higher than in healthy individuals, especially when the responsible vessel fed a wider region.
Study of expression of two transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, TRPC5 and TRPC6, in children with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Jabłoński Janusz , Borowiec Maciej , Fendler Wojciech , Młynarski Wojciech , Lewandowska Małgorzata , Andrzejewska Ewa , Kobos Józef
Published: September 2016

Introduction:  The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, so named after the role they play in Drosophila phototransduction, takes a prominent position among these sensors and transducers in the digestive system. However, the roles of TRP channels in digestive function are incompletely understood. Changes in TRP channel expression or function are associated with a variety of diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of TRPC5 and TRPC6 by immunohistochemistry in the pyloric muscle in children with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS).

Material and methods: Fifty-three muscle biopsies were obtained at the time of pyloromyotomy. The control group consisted of 10 children. Specimens were evaluated by routine histopathological methods and by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal mouse anti-TRPC5 or -TRPC6 antibodies. Cells showing positive reaction were counted in five random 200× high-power fields.

Results: Immunohistochemical studies showed higher expression of both receptors in the muscularis propria and in the ganglia in children with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis compared with the control group. The result for TRPC5 was statistically significant.

Conclusions: These results show a local increase in the expression of TRPC5 and TRPC6 in the hypertrophic pyloric muscle in children with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, which may have implications for the pathogenesis of the disease.
Subjective well-being and Citizenship dimensions according to individualism and collectivism beliefs among Polish adolescents
Authors: Zalewska Anna M. , Zawadzka Agnieszka
Published: September 2016

Background

The aim of the research is to analyse pleasant (subjective well-being – SWB) and meaningful life (Citizenship dimensions) in the context of Horizontal and Vertical Individualism (HI, VI) or Collectivism (HC, VC) values (individual beliefs) among adolescents living in the culture “in between individualism and collectivism”.

Participants and procedure

Second-year high (111) and secondary (98) school students filled in the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Questionnaire, the Citizenship Behaviour Questionnaire, and SWB (Subjective Happiness Scale, Satisfaction with the Life Scale, Mood Questionnaire, Ladder of Need Scales). Participants were recruited in schools.

Results

Subjective well-being positively correlated with all Citizenship dimensions except Political Activity. All values predicted SWB, but higher VI predicted lower SWB and was not linked to Citizenship. Citizenship dimensions oriented to general good were predicted by Collectivism values, and those including personal benefits were predicted by HI and Collectivism values. Subjective well-being mediated relations between HC and Social Activity, and between HC, HI and Personal Activity. VC moderated relations between SWB and Passive as well as Semi-active Citizenship.

Conclusions

Among young Poles, pleasant life is linked with meaningful life. Individualism and Collectivism values are relatively independent, and their relations with SWB and Citizenship are complex. Higher Horizontal values facilitate the achievement of both pleasant and meaningful life, but higher VC can hinder the coherence between them. High SWB, engagement in Citizenship and links between them are required for attaining “authentic happiness” and living a truly full life; thus it is important to study variables that may influence them.
A qualitative exploration of the motivations underlying anabolic-androgenic steroid use from adolescence into adulthood
Authors: Harris Marc Ashley , Dunn Michael , Alwyn Tina
Published: September 2016

Background

This study explored the direct experience of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use by young men, with an emphasis on how motivations progressed from adolescent initiation to more entrenched usage.

Participants and procedure

Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals ranging in experience of AAS use, from novice to experienced users.

Results

The results indicated that the young adult men progressed through a clear transition whereby their motives for using these substances changed from a mere desire to compete with other men to more internalised body image problems.

Conclusions

The findings presented suggest a more complex relationship between AAS use and body image pathology than previously suggested.
Carbon concentrating mechanisms maintain bloom biomass and CO2 depletion in eutrophic lake ecosystems
Authors: Morales-Williams Ana M. , Wanamaker Jr. Alan D. , Downing John A.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Harmful phytoplankton blooms are increasing in frequency, intensity, and duration in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. In many eutrophic lakes, these high levels of primary productivity correspond to periods of CO2 depletion in surface waters. Cyanobacteria and other groups of phytoplankton have the ability to actively transport bicarbonate (HCO3−) across their cell membrane when CO2 concentrations are limiting, possibly giving them a competitive advantage over algae not using carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). To investigate whether CCMs can maintain phytoplankton bloom biomass under CO2 depletion, we measured δ13C signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) and phytoplankton particulate organic carbon (δ13Cphyto) in sixteen mesotrophic to hypereutrophic lakes during the ice-free season of 2012. We used mass balance relationships to determine the dominant inorganic carbon species used by phytoplankton under CO2 stress. We found a significant positive relationship between phytoplankton biomass and phytoplankton δ13C signatures, as well as a significant non-linear negative relationship between water column ρCO2 and isotopic composition of phytoplankton, indicating a shift from diffusive uptake to active uptake by phytoplankton of CO2 or HCO3− during blooms. Calculated photosynthetic fractionation factors indicated that this shift occurs specifically when surface water CO2 drops below atmospheric equilibrium. Our results indicate active HCO3− uptake via CCMs may be an important mechanism maintaining phytoplankton blooms when CO2 is depleted. Further increases in anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and harmful cyanobacteria blooms are therefore expected to contribute to increased bicarbonate uptake to sustain primary production.
A geological model for the management of subsurface data in the urban
environment of Barcelona and surrounding area
Authors: Vázquez-Suñé Enric , Ángel Marazuela Miguel , Velasco Violeta , Diviu Marc , Pérez-Estaún Andrés , Álvarez-Marrón Joaquina
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The overdevelopment of cities since the industrial revolution has shown the need to incorporate a sound geological knowledge in the management of required subsurface infrastructures and in the assessment of increasingly needed groundwater resources. Additionally, the scarcity of outcrops and the technical difficulty to conduct underground exploration in urban areas highlights the importance of implementing efficient management plans that deal with the legacy of heterogeneous subsurface information. To deal with these difficulties, a methodology has been proposed to integrate all the available spatio-temporal data into a comprehensive spatial database and a set of tools that facilitates the analysis and processing of the existing and newly added data for the city of Barcelona (NE Spain). Here we present the resulting actual subsurface 3-D geological model that incorporates and articulates all the information stored in the database. The methodology applied to Barcelona benefited from a good collaboration between administrative bodies and researchers that enabled the realization of a comprehensive geological database despite logistic difficulties. Currently, the public administration and also private sectors both benefit from the geological understanding acquired in the city of Barcelona, for example, when preparing the hydrogeological models used in groundwater assessment plans. The methodology further facilitates the continuous incorporation of new data in the implementation and sustainable management of urban groundwater, and also contributes to significantly reducing the costs of new infrastructures.
Kierkegaard Talking Down Schopenhauer:The Sunset Limitedas a Philosophical Dialogue
Authors: Wyllie Robert
Published: September 2016

Cormac McCarthy's minimalist 2006 “novel in dramatic form,” The Sunset Limited, revives an ancient genre—philosophical dialogue. In the book, a born-again Christian ex-convict, Black, searches for reasons to convince a misanthropic professor, White, not to kill himself. Black's faith, White's despair, and their open-ended Socratic dialogue all reflect the influence of Søren Kierkegaard upon McCarthy. White, the suicidal ascetic, consistently extends what Kierkegaard once called “the most fearful” philosophy of all—Arthur Schopenhauer's pessimism. Can ordinary American Christianity refute this systematic Schopenhauerian despair? Taking cues from Kierkegaard, The Sunset Limited stages a dark and inconclusive philosophical dialogue.
Ellipsis in appositives
Authors: Ott Dennis
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates the internal and external syntax of non-restrictive nominal appositives (NAPs), such as John Smith in I met an old friend, John Smith, at the pub. It is shown that the internal constitution of NAPs bears directly on the analysis of the irrelation to the surrounding host sentence, in that a rich internal syntax obviates the need for any direct syntactic ­connection between host and NAP. It is shown that NAPs are structurally independent sentence fragments that can be freely employed either sequentially (as ‘afterthoughts’) or as interpolated, ­supplemental speech acts, autonomous from the host in prosody, interpretation, and syntax. The ­analysis ­renders superfluous powerful extensions of core syntax/semantics proposed in previous work to capture the syntactic properties of NAPs and other parentheticals, concluding instead that NAPs warrant no enrichment of UG.
Activation of systemic acquired resistance in citrus to control huanglongbing disease
Authors: Bagio Thiago Zanoni , Canteri Marcelo Giovanetti , Barreto Thales Pereira , Leite Júnior Rui Pereira
Published: September 2016

Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most destructive citrus disease and occurs in the major citrus producing areas around the world. In Brazil, HLB is associated with the bacteria ‘Candidatus’ Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and ‘Candidatus’ Liberibacter americanus (CLam). CLas is the most aggressive and widespread species of the HLB bacteria. Currently, there is no curative control measure for this disease, and the eradication of diseased trees and control of the insect vector are the basic management measures for HLB. The search for other measures with higher efficiency and lower economic and environmental impacts for control of HLB has become a research priority. The use of chemicals that activate plant resistance mechanisms is a novel method for disease control. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) inducers for control of HLB. Nursery trees of Valencia sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) grafted on Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) were inoculated with CLas by bud grafting technique using diseased material from HLB citrus trees, seven days after the first treatment with the SAR inducers, under greenhouse conditions. The SAR inducers imidacloprid (IMI), thiamethoxan (TMX), or acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), as well as the combination of ASM with IMI or TMX, were applied as soil drench. The nursery trees were evaluated according to the presence of HLB symptoms and the bacterium in leaf tissue. The presence of CLas was determined by using the PCR technique, at 120, 180, 240, and 300 days after the HLB bacterium inoculation. The first symptoms of HLB were observed on mature leaves of the check citrus trees 60 days before these symptoms were observed on trees treated with the SAR inducers. Two years after inoculation, 67% fewer citrus trees with HLB symptoms were observed for the ASM + TMX treated trees as compared to the check ones. Citrus trees treated with IMI, TMX, or ASM also provided lower levels of PCR-detected HLB bacterium compared to the untreated trees. 
In vitro establishment and early development of barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vogel)
Authors: Silva Herick Fernando de Jesus , Asmar Simone Abreu , Oliveira Rayssa Camargo de , Melo Berildo De , Luz José Magno Queiroz , Pasqual Moacir
Published: September 2016

The barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is a native fruit species of the Cerrado ecoregion that has multiple uses. It is a wild species, and its cultivation is difficult. Furthermore, it is threatened with extinction. Plant tissue culture is a major tool for the conservation of germplasm, as well as a means of propagating high-quality seedlings on a large scale. However, this technique has not been used with barueiro, although it might provide valuable contributions to the process of barueiro domestication. The most popular method of cultivation is the use of the Murashige and Skoog medium (MS), which is considered one of the most nutritionally complete media. Woody plant medium (WPM) is indicated for the propagation of woody species, but there are no reports of its use for barueiro cultivation. Woody plants tend to have problems with rust in vitro during the establishment phase. Activated charcoal acts as an adjuvant for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, mitigating its effects in the medium. Thus, the objective of this study was to test four activated charcoal doses (0, 2, 4 and 6 g L-1) and three culture media: MS, WPM, and AA (over water agar) in the in vitro establishment of barueiro. The experimental design was a completely randomised (DIC), 4 × 3 factorial design with three replications. At 60 days after inoculation, the explants were evaluated for dry matter, fresh weight, stem diameter, shoot length, number of leaves, longest root length, germination rate, and chlorophyll contents. The MS medium supplemented with 3,0 g L-1 activated charcoal appeared to be the best for in vitro establishment of barueiro.
Base temperature as a function of genotype: a foundation for modeling phenology of temperate fruit species
Authors: Rafael Anzanello , Biasi Luiz Antonio
Published: September 2016

To complete each phase of the growing season, plants must accumulate thermal time at lower base temperature (Tb). Little information exists on Tb variation between either fruit species or cultivars of the same species. We therefore aimed to determine the lower base temperature for contrasting genotypes in precocity of peach, plum, grape, pear, and kiwi. Twigs 25-35 cm long for the following cultivars: peach, Tropic Beauty (TB) and Eragil (ER); plum, Gulf Blaze (GB) and Letícia (LE); grape, Chardonnay (CH) and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS); pear, Smith (SM) and Packham’s (PA); and kiwi, Golden King (GK) and Hayward (HA) were collected in orchards in Veranópolis, RS Estate, on 06/13/2014, with 0 h at temperatures ? 7.2°C (chilling hours; HC) in the field. Intact twigs packed in black plastic film were subjected to 1,008 HC at 0°C in incubators to overcome dormancy and then transferred to temperatures of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12°C on single-node cuttings planted in phenolic foam to define effective heat temperature for the genotypes. Over 110 d, budburst of the buds was evaluated in 2-3-d intervals in the green-tip stage. The resulting inverse data of number of days to budburst (1/days to budburst) was inserted into regression curves to estimate Tb for each genotype. Historical phonological series comprised of 10 years for the analyzed cultivars and meteorological data of the cultivation sites were used to determine thermal time (degree-days) for the fruit trees during the growing season, considering different phenological phases. Temperate fruit species exhibited different Tb behaviors: Tb was lower for early cultivars (TB and GB = 2.2°C; CH = 2.1°C; SM = 4.4°C; GK = 4.3°C) and higher for late cultivars (ER = 6.3°C; LE = 6.2°C; CS = 4.3°C; HA and PA = 8.2°C) for all cultures. The Tb f fruit cultivars related directly with genotype chilling requirements: the higher the chilling requirement, the higher the Tb of the cultivar. Cultivars of the same fruit species yielded a sum of degree-days almost equal to finalize the growing season, regardless of the degree of precocity (TB = 1720; ER = 1801; GB = 1680; LE = 1718; CH = 2310; CS = 2369; SM = 2096; PA = 2003 GD; GK = 2775; HA = 2691). Regarding phenological phases, 82% of the assessed cases responded more to thermal time (degree-days) than to chronological time (d) to complete phenological steps. Differences in Tb between genotypes are a relevant factor for improving the accuracy and applicability of phenology models in agriculture.
Nematicidal activity of crambe extracts on Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Coltro-Roncato Sidiane , Stangarlin José Renato , Gonçalves Jr. Affonso Celso , Kuhn Odair José , Gonçalves Edilaine Della Valentina , Dildey Omari Dangelo Forlin , Flores Éder Lisandro de Moraes
Published: September 2016

Alternative methods for the control of nematodes, such as the use of plant secondary metabolites, can be explored for integrated pest management systems. The objective of this work was to assess the best solvent for obtaining allyl isothiocyanate from Crambe abyssinica leaves, and the effects of this extract on Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Dry leaves of C. abyssinica at 200 mg L-1 were used to prepare extracts by using water (by infusion and grinding), acetone, water + ethanol (hydroalcoholic extraction), methanol, hexane, and chloroform as solvents. Following the evaporation of the solvents, the residue was resuspended in water for use in the experiments. Distilled water and chemical nematicide were used as control treatments. Once the most effective extracts were defined, the following dosages of dried crambe leaves were used: 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg L-1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the allyl isothiocyanate present in the extracts. After the solvents evaporated, the residues were eluted with water and used in assays with 200 eggs for the hatching test or 200 second stage juveniles (J2) for mobility and mortality tests. The hydroalcoholic extract was the most effective in reducing the hatching of M. incognita and M. javanica juveniles, by 71.6 and 74.4 percentage points, respectively. The mortality of M. incognita and M. javanica in the hydroalcoholic extract was 93.2 and 64.4%, respectively, followed by the methanol extract (17.6 and 34%) and the extract obtained by grinding (9.2 and 28%). The hydroalcoholic extract at 250 mg L-1 showed high nematicidal effect. The HPLC analysis of the extracts revealed that only the methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts had allyl isothiocyanate, indicating that the inhibitory effects on the hatching, mobility, and mortality were not solely attributed to the presence of this compound.
Estimated length of soybean phenological stages
Authors: Rockenbach Ana Paula , Caron Braulio Otomar , Souza Velci Queiróz de , Elli Elvis Felipe , Oliveira Douglas Machado de , Monteiro Gean Charles
Published: September 2016

The use of modeling is a trend for agronomic science that aims to detect factors that could limit the growing practices and influence the potential yield of some crops. The objective of this study was to calculate the accumulated thermal time and estimate the phenological stages length of three soybean cultivars in two crop years, using agronomic models associated to meteorological variables. Two experiments were conducted in a field at the Agroclimatology Laboratory (LAGRO) of the Federal University of Santa Maria/UFSM, campus of Frederico Westphalen/RS, Brazil during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 crop years. A randomized block in a factorial scheme 6x3 with six spatial arrangements (45, crossed, 20, 20x40, 20x60 and 20x80 cm) and three cultivars with different cycles and growth habits (BMX Ativa RR/determinate, BMX Turbo RR/indeterminate and BMX Potência RR/indeterminate) with three replications were used for the experimental design. Sowing was held on 11/28/2012 and 12/02/2013. The assessed phenological stages were sowing-emergence; emergence – final vegetative; final vegetative – full bloom; full bloom – physiological maturity. The duration of each stage was related to meteorological parameters: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average temperature, rainfall, solar radiation, and thermal time. Air temperature influences soybean growth and development. The accumulated thermal time varies between years and among cultivars, and it is the main contributor to the estimated duration of the phenological stages.
Characterization of edible films of Swartzia burchelli phosphated starches and development of coatings for post-harvest application to cherry tomatoes
Authors: Gomes Millene Aparecida , Ascheri Diego Palmiro Ramirez , Campos André José de
Published: September 2016

The market demand for corn starch and cassava continues to increase because of their use in edible applications, their biodegradable nature, and other appealing properties. As a result, there is a need to identify alternative starch sources, for example, the seeds of S. burchelli, with the potential to be modified for use in post-harvest applications. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and characterize edible films based on the starch phosphates of the seeds of S. burchelli, with the specific aim to apply these starches to cherry tomatoes for post-harvest conservation. After extraction, the starch was phosphorylated with sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) in different concentrations and times according to a 2 x 2 factorial design with additional treatment (native starch). After modification, the starch phosphates were selected for the preparation of edible films using glycerol as a plasticizer, in proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% for each selected starch. The films were measured for thickness, permeability to water vapor and solubility in water. According to their permeability values, 4 films were selected for application in the coverage of cherry tomatoes. The conservation of cherry tomatoes with and without coverage was studied over 8 evaluation times (up to 21 days) at 10±2 °C and 80±5% relative humidity. The weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index, and firmness were measured every 3 days during storage. The starch phosphates showed a phosphorus content within that established by standards, such that the resulting films are acceptable for use in food for human consumption. The edible films presented with an acceptable appearance and without the development of cracks. The concentration of glycerol and the type of starch influenced the characteristics of the films, increasing the permeability and reducing the water solubility of the various edible films. The best result obtained regarding the conservation of cherry tomatoes was observed for fruits with edible coatings of greater permeability to water vapor; such fruits exhibited only a slight decline in firmness during storage compared with the control. It can be concluded that the modification performed on the starch and the glycerol concentration positively influenced the properties of the edible films, allowing for optimal use in post-harvest applications. Similarly, the edible coatings conferred better appearance to the fruits, maintaining their maturation index and firmness during the experimental period and providing better post-harvest storage conditions for the cherry tomatoes.
Experimental infection of broiler chicks with Salmonella Typhimurium from pigeon (Columba livia)
Authors: Albuquerque Átilla Holanda de , Teixeira Régis Siqueira de Castro , Machado Débora Nishi , Lopes Elisângela De Souza , Vasconcelos Ruben Horn , Lima Bruno Pessoa , Marques Adson Ribeiro , Silva Isaac Neto Goes da , Salles Rosa Patrícia Ramos , Maciel William Cardoso
Published: September 2016

Several cases of animal and human salmonellosis caused by the Salmonella serotype Typhimurium have been reported. In animals, subclinical infection favors pathogen dissemination through feces. In this context, the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) with an asymptomatic condition may play an important role in the transmission of salmonellosis, through the elimination of contaminated feces in commercial aviaries or in poultry feed facilities, causing economic losses to the poultry industry and presenting a risk to public health. This study aimed to evaluate the mortality, clinical signs and the presence of Salmonella Typhimurium in the feces and organs of chicks previously inoculated with bacteria isolated from a pigeon. One-day-old chicks were distributed in two experimental groups (G1 and G2) of 32 birds each, and a control group of six birds. Two inocula of 0.4 and 0.7 mL with 105 and 106 colony forming units were used in G1 and G2 birds, respectively. At 1, 4, 7 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) fecal samples were pooled from each cage and individual cloacal swabs were collected. At 14 dpi, all chicks were euthanized and samples were collected from the liver, spleen, lung, cecum and intestine for microbiological analysis. Mortality was only observed among G2 birds (6.25%). Most birds presented clinical signs of diarrhea at 4 dpi and no symptom as observed at 14 dpi. The results from cloacal swabs demonstrated bacterial elimination in 68.8% and 53.1% of G2 and G1 birds, respectively at 1 dpi. Additionally, fecal samples had elevated bacterial shedding in all four periods of observation , with a higher excretion at 4 dpi (62.5%) for both groups. Among G2 birds, 74.2% were positive for the pathogen in the intestine; G1 birds presented the lowest rate of lung infection (29%), and both groups had more than 50% positivity for liver and caeca. The results revealed that infected chicks with a Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from pigeons may host the pathogen in several organs, and simultaneously present diarrheic disorders with significant levels of bacterial excretion in feces.
Conservation and viability of refrigerated platelet-rich plasma from New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Silva Lucas Vilela Perroni , Eurides Duvaldo , Andrade Marina Greco Magalhães Guerra de , Costa Marcelo Carrijo da , Ferreira Vinicius Candido , Silva Marina De Oliveira , Guimarães Ednaldo Carvalho
Published: September 2016

Fifteen male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study, with the aim of storing their platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for 30 days at 4-6 °C to investigate its conservation and viability during this period. Thirty samples of PRP were prepared and sorted into three equal groups (G1, G2, and G3), and every three days a sample was taken out for evaluationof the number of platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), pH of the plasma, aggregation post addition of calcium thromboplastin, and for the presence of bacterial and fungal contamination. Results suggested that, for the number of platelets, there was no linear relationship over time. However, when comparing the number of platelets pre-storage to that post-storage, a statistical difference was observed. The hemogram MPV variables, pre and post-storage, also did not relate with time however, there was a statistical difference between the MPV of hemogram and MPV pre-storage, and between MPV pre-storage and MPV post-storage. From the pH evaluation, no influence of time on the variables was found, but statistical differences were found in the samples after storage between 30 and 6 days, 30 and 24 days, and 30 and 27 days. Platelet aggregation occurred within twenty seconds in all samples, independent of storage time. There was no growth of bacteria or yeast in any sample; however, mold growth occurred in the samples stored for 21 days from G1 and G3. It can be concluded that the PRP of rabbits can be stored in 4-6 °C refrigeration for up to18 days and still maintain the number of platelets, with no significant pH alteration or bacterial or fungal contamination.
Mombasa grass characterisation at different heights of grazing in an intercropping system with Babassu and monoculture
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos Odilon Dias , Santos Antônio Clementino dos , Santos Perlon Maia dos , Sousa Jhone Talison Lira de , Alexandrino Emersom , Santos Jose Geraldo Donizette dos
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate agronomic and structural traits, as well as root mass, of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa in different conditions of animal grazing in the same pasture in a monoculture system and a Pasture-Forestry Intercropping System (intercropped with Babassu palm trees). Evaluations were performed from December 2012 to February 2013. The systems were kept under continuous grazing with sheep (20 kg live weight on average) throughout the evaluation period. The design was completely randomised into split plots, in which each plot was the system and the subplots were grazing heights, with three sample cycles. The Babassu palm tree influenced the production of the aerial-part dry matter in the intercropping system due to a decrease in grass tillering caused by shading stress. The root dry matter decreased influenced by shading and intensity of animal grazing in the evaluated heights, leading to a reduction as decreased the grass height. The monoculture system led to better results for the same heights in all parameters in comparison to the intercropping system, including the number of tillers, dry matter production (DM), leaf-area index (LAI) and DM (%), which were higher in the monoculture system regardless of the assessed heights. The natural shade of Babassu palms negatively affected the productive and structural traits of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa, thereby altering the grass structure and lowering its productive capacity.
Effects of the feeding system and breed on the growth performance, biometric features, and ruminal development of feedlot goat kids
Authors: Souza Pedro Paulo Sobolow de , Gomes Helen Fernanda Barros , Marques Raquel Ornelas , Gonçalves Heraldo Cesar , Canizares Gil Inacio Lara , Meirelles Paulo Roberto de Lima , Oliveira Giuliana Micai de , Brito Evelyn Prestes , Leal Natalia Santos , Polizel Neto Angelo
Published: September 2016

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of 2 feeding systems and 5 breeding groups on the growth performance, biometric features, and stomach morphology of feedlot goat kids. The experiment utilized gender as a randomized blocking factor in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme. The study goats were from the Alpine, Anglo-Nubian, 1/2 Boer x Alpine, 3/4 Boer x Alpine, and 7/8 Boer x Alpine breeds. Half of the goats were fed an experimental diet, whereas the other half were given the same diet supplemented with 1.5 L milk daily. The kids were slaughtered after they attained 30 kg body weight. The 1/2 Boer x Alpine goats showed superior growth performance because they exhibiting considerable heterosis. These animals are especially easy to use given that there is no need to maintain cross-bred females (½ Boer x Alpine e ¾ Boer x Alpine) in the flock. Using milk in the feed the animals does not adversely affect growth performance or biometric features. Moreover, it helps to reduce the total weight of the stomach and leads to a 51.39% savings on feed. Dietary supplementation of milk in goat feed is recommended so long as there is excess milk available on the property.
Tissue composition and allometric growth of tissues from commercial cuts and carcass of Texel lambs slaughtered with different weights
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio , Zago Luana Cortes , Pires Cleber Cassol , Martins Andressa Ana , Venturini Rafael Sanches , Lopes Jusecléia Ferreira , Pilleco Verônica Milanesi , Simões Robson Rodrigues , Brutti Daniele Dias , Moro Anderson Bortoluzi
Published: September 2016

In this study, we evaluated the tissue composition, the ratios between different issues, and the allometric growth of tissues from the commercial cuts neck, shoulder, rib, and leg, and of the carcass of Texel lambs. Thirty uncastrated male lambs born from single calvings were used in this experiment. Lambs were weaned, confined individually, and distributed into five treatments with six replications. Each treatment consisted of a predefined slaughter weight (T23 – initial slaughter, T25, T30, T35, and T40). The proportion of bone decreased linearly in the shoulder, rib, and legs, but remained constant in the neck. The proportion of muscle decreased in the rib, whereas in the other cuts it remained constant. The percentage of fat increased as the slaughter weight of the lambs was increased, for all cuts. In all cuts and in the carcass, bone and muscle showed early growth (b < 1), whereas fat displayed late growth (b > 1). The proportion of bone decreased and fat increased linearly in the carcass, and the proportion of muscle was not influenced by the slaughter weight of the lambs. The muscle/fat ratio decreased in all cuts, and consequently in the half-carcass, as the slaughter weight was increased. The muscle/ bone ratio increased in the shoulder, rib, leg, and half-carcass, but there was no significant effect on the neck. The bone and muscle tissues showed early growth, whereas the fat had late growth in the different commercial cuts and carcass of Texel lambs. The tissue growth pattern of the shoulder may be representative of the allometric growth of the different carcass tissues. An increase in the slaughter weight of Texel lambs leads to a reduction of the muscle/fat ratio, due to the higher deposition of fat in the carcass of these animals.
Effect of agaricus blazei in the diet of broiler chickens on immunity, serum parameters and antioxidant activity
Authors: Fanhani Jamile Corina , Murakami Alice Eiko , Guerra Ana Flávia Quiles Garcia , Nascimento Guilherme Rodrigues do , Pedroso Raíssa Bocchi , Alves Marília Carvalho Figueiredo
Published: September 2016

The effect of adding Agaricus blazei to the diet of broilers on immunity, serum parameters, and antioxidant activity was evaluated. A total of 840 1-day-old chicks were used, distributed among five levels of a completely randomized design (0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% A. blazei), with six replications and 28 birds per experimental unit. The weights of the thymus, spleen and cloacal bursa were not influenced (P > 0.05). Leukocytes, macrophages and nitric oxide were unaffected (P > 0.05), but at each supplementation level compared with the control, differences appeared in the percentages of eosinophils and macrophages (P < 0.05) at inclusion levels of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20%. At 28 days, the antibody titer against Newcastle disease showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05) with supplementation, and from the estimated level of 0.08% the production of antibodies was stimulated; however, the same behavior was not observed (P > 0.05) at 42 days. Hypocholesterolemic effect was demonstrated (P < 0.05), but the serum triglyceride concentration was not affected (P > 0.05). The antioxidant activity of mushroom showed a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) on DPPH capture on day zero of meat cooling. The inclusion of A. blazei in the diet of broilers provided an immunostimulatory activity and hypocholesterolemic effect. Residual compounds with antioxidant activity were present in the meat, which may promote tissue protection of the animal in vivo, making possible the use of A. blazei as a natural additive.
Anti-nutritional potential of protodioscin and kinetics of degradation in Urochloa grasses
Authors: Leal Eduardo Souza , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Valle Cacilda Borges do , Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira , Dias Alexandre Menezes , Barbosa-Ferreira Marcos , Soares Claudia Muniz , Melo Gleice Kelli Ayardes de , Ferreira Valquíria Barbosa Nantes
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of Urochloa exotic grasses to quantify aspects of anti-quality and to identify their correlation with quality grasses. We evaluated the grasses U. humidicola cv. Comum, U. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, D70 U. decumbens and U. ruziziensis ecotype R124, and we grouped them into summer, autumn, winter and spring. We determined the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, levels of protodioscin and cumulative gas production from the leaves of grass materials in nature. Basilisk and D70 showed higher content protodioscin in all seasons, with the highest values (31.4 and 27.4 g kg-1, respectively) in spring. D70 had a crude protein content of 140.0 g kg-1 in summer and a better in vitro digestibility of dry matter (888.7 g kg-1). R124 had a higher cumulative gas production in the spring (16.44 mL gas 100 mg DM-1). U. humidicola (Comum and BRS Tupi) presented lower protodioscin concentrations (1.22 and 1.07 g kg DM-1, respectively), and U. decumbens (Basilisk and D70) presented higher concentrations (27.25 and 24.55 g kg DM-1, respectively). The presence of protodioscin interfered with in vitro digestibility results and cumulative gas production in vitro.
Economic feasibility of adding sunflower oil to elephant grass-based diets of lactating dairy cows
Authors: Lage Luciana Andrade , Lopes Marcos Aurelio , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Gama Marco Antônio Sundfeld da , Ribeiro Carlos Gustavo Santos , Rodriguez Norberto Mario , Demeu Fabiana Alves
Published: September 2016

We aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of adding increasing levels of sunflower oil (0.0, 15, 30, and 45 g/kg of dry matter) to elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) based diets of milkproducing Holstein cows. Data were obtained and analyzed for 12 primiparous Holstein cows that produced on average 16.5 ± 2.8 kg of milk/day, at 95 ± 25 days of lactation. Cows were distributed by milk production, order of lactation, and body weight in a 4 × 4 triple Latin square. Isoproteic diets were provided ad libitum in the form of a forage:concentrate ratio of 60:40, on a dry matter basis. Daily milk production was recorded and milk was analyzed for fat, protein, and fatty acids contents. An economic feasibility study was performed considering the price of the supplied ingredients and the daily intake of each diet. The economic benefit was derived by the determining the difference between income from the sale of milk and the cost of animal feed. The quality-based payment was estimated by averaging the systems used by eight dairy companies, based on fat and protein contents and milk volume. The sunflower oil-free diet provided the greatest economic benefit. Adding sunflower oil to elephant grassbased diets was not economically viable because of its associated costs.
Digestibility and performance of juvenile Nile tilapia fed with diets containing forage palm
Authors: Daniel Hannah Bandeira Thame , Cipriano Filipe Dos Santos , Lima Kauana Santos de , Allaman Ivan Bezerra , Tonini William Cristiane Teles , Takishita Sylvia Sanae , Braga Luis Gustavo Tavares
Published: September 2016

Supplying the nutritional needs of animals in an economical way is essential to the success of any type of production. The forage palm is a cactaceae well-adapted to semiarid regions and commonly used in the feeding of ruminants. However, studies assessing its use in fishes are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the digestibility of bran from five different forage palm cultivars (Opuntia fícus) in juvenile Nile tilapia and the development of juveniles when receiving increasing levels of the cultivar with the best apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein (ADCCP) (75.2%). We used 90 masculinized juvenile Nile tilapia (with an average weight of 6.02 ± 0.65 g) in the digestibility experiment to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (ADCDM), crude energy (ADCCP), and crude protein of the cultivars (Orelha de onça, Miúda, Gigante, Comum, and IPA 20). The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) with five treatments and three repetitions. In the development experiment, 300 masculinized juvenile Nile tilapia (with average weight of 1.39 ± 0.12 g) received feed with different inclusion levels (0, 72, 144, and 216 g Kg-1) of IPA 20 palm bran in a CRD with four treatments and five repetitions. We observed significant differences (P < 0.05) for ADCDM and ADCCP between the treatments. The cultivars that presented the highest ADCDM were IPA 20 (41.75%), Orelha de onça (36.41%), and Gigante (32.59%). For ADCCP, the best cultivar was IPA 20 with 75.2%, followed by Orelha de onça (61.5%), and Miúda (56.1%). As for the performance, the inclusion of IPA 20 palm bran at a rate of 113 g/kg-1 provided the best values in terms of weight gain and final weight in juvenile Nile tilapia.
Nutrient digestibility parameters as a tool for analysis of the intestinal health of broiler chickens
Authors: Mori Anderson , Martins Julyana Machado da Silva , Carvalho Genilson Bezerra de , Carvalho Fabyola Barros de , Stringhini Jose Henrique , Leandro Nadja Susana Mogyca , Andrade Maria Auxiliadora , Café Marcos Barcellos
Published: September 2016

The study was performed with the objective of verifying raw soy feed, oxidized oil feed, and a control group. Performance evaluation was done at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Metabolism assay was carried out between the 17th and 20th days for nutrient digestibility analysis. On the 21st day, two birds per repetition were sent for necropsy and collection of intestine fragments (duodenum and jejunum) for histomorphometric analysis. Eight to 14 days after treatment with Salmonella, individuals showed lower feed intake and feed conversion than the control group. Treatment with coccidiosis decreased all performance parameters in the control. Raw soybeans and oxidized oil induce lower weight gain and higher feed conversion compared to the control feed. Unlike after 14 days, at 21 days treatment with salmonella a decrease in weight gain was noted. For the group challenged by coccidiosis feed intake, the feed conversion remained lower than the control group. Undesirable effects on performance in the groups fed raw soybean and oxidized oil remained at up to 21 days. In the evaluation of digestibility, it was observed that raw soy had lower values for digestibility of dry matter, ether extract, and nitrogen balance due to intake. In addition, a lower ratio of villus:crypt measurements was observed. Lower villus height was found in the duodenum of the group challenged by coccidiosis. This group presented a positive correlation between the digestibility of ether extract and the duodenum, indicating that increased villus height implies an increased digestibility of ether extract. The results obtained for the jejunum showed a positive correlation with villus height in groups challenged by coccidiosis, raw soybeans, and oxidized oil; and to crypt depth in the group challenged with oxidized oil. The information obtained in the present study demonstrates that nutrient digestibility parameters can be useful tools for the analysis of the intestinal health of broiler chickens.
Using swine farming wastewater for Signal grass cultivation
Authors: Homem Bruno Grossi Costa , Tavares Valdir Botega , Almeida Neto Onofre Barroca de , Condé Marisa Senra , Ferreira Igor Machado , Silva Mateus Diniz , Lara Márcio André Stefanelli
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate forage production and root accumulation in Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk with swine wastewater as a fertilizer. The experiment was conducted into a greenhouse in Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Southeast of Minas Gerais, Rio Pomba Campus. Pots with 6 dm-3 volumes were used as experimental units. Were used a randomized block design with four replications. Were studied four swine waste doses (0, 225, 450 and 675mL pot-1) over four regrowth cycles. The dry matter production of the aerial part, forage accumulation rate, crude protein and dry matter production of roots increased with the highest swine waste doses being around 670, 742, 160 and 465% respectively from lower to higher dose. There was interaction between swine waste and regrowth cycles for plant height and tillering, and in all regrowth cycles responded positively with increasing swine waste doses. Applying swine waste on pastures is therefore a viable alternative to increase productivity of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk, it recommends the use of swine waste corresponding to the dose of 675mL pot-1 to maintenance pastures