bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Действие группы преобразований на показатель качества регрессионной модели
Authors: Пономарев Игорь Викторович
Published: September 2019

Построение функциональных зависимостей между наблюдаемыми явлениями представляет собой важное направление современной прикладной математики. Основой таких построений зачастую является статистический массив данных. От качества этих данных напрямую зависит адекватность получаемых моделей. В общем случае приходится выбирать одну из возможных моделей, основываясь на некотором показателе. Однако полученные выборки могут быть и тождественными, но построенные модели будут отличаться.

Рассматривается один из методов построения линейной регрессии — метод наименьших квадратов. Изучается задача об изменении функционала качества регрессионной модели при ортогональном преобразовании исходного множества данных. Дается геометрическая интерпретация самой регрессионной модели и ее функционала качества, а также статистического показателя связи между переменными — коэффициента корреляции. В явном виде представлены формулы, показывающие зависимость между функционалами качества при вращении множества относительно одной из осей координат в дву- и трехмерном пространствах. Основываясь на полученных формулах, приводится алгоритм, позволяющий получать значение функционала качества при любом собственном движении n-мерного пространства.
Outcome and SD-OCT Macular Findings Following Surgery in Spared Macula Giant Retinal Tear Retinal Detachment.
Authors: Taleb Eman Abo , Nagpal Manish p. , Mehrotra Navneet S. , Arya Raddhi
Published: September 2019

Purpose
To study outcome and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) macular findings in patients who underwent surgery for spared macula giant retinal tear (GRT) retinal detachment.

Methods
a retrospective study of 12 patients with spared macula giant retinal tear (GRT) retinal detachment who underwent vitrectomy (N=7), vitrectomy with an encircling scleral buckle (n=4) and scleral buckle (n=1) with at least 3 months follow up after silicon oil removal (SOR) . Post-SOR macular SD-OCT scans were studied in all eyes.

Results
Final reattachment achieved in all eyes with single primary surgery. Post-SOR SD-OCT macular finding was photoreceptors layer disruption in 6 eyes, epiretinal membrane (ERM) in 4 eyes, Macular hole in 1 eye and choroidal neovascularisation in 1 eye. Significant correlation found between final Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and macular pathology on SD-OCT p value (0.048).

Conclusion
SD-OCT plays a high role in diagnosis of macular alterations that can be associated with poor functional outcome in anatomically successful GRT surgery with spared macula pre-operatively.
Human Anatomy: An Inlet of Medicine and Surgery
Authors: Hegazy Abdelmonem Awad
Published: September 2019

No Abstract
Retrospective analysis of patients ineffectively operated on for the polycystic ovaries syndrome
Authors: Khomasuridze A. G. , Feinberg E. G. , Manusharova R. A. , Bablidze N. I.
Published: September 2019

A retrospective analysis of the efficacy of surgical intervention (demedullation of both ovaries) for the polycystic ovaries syndrome (POS) in 245 women aged 28 to 40 was carried out. Primary POS was diagnosed in 138 women (the ovarian form) and the endocrine metabolic form of the hypothalamic syndrome with secondary POS in 107. The findings showed anovulation to be responsible for infertility in 34.5% of cases, postoperative adhesions in the pelvic organs and obstruction of the uterine tubes in 34.2%, hyperprolactinemia in 11%, endometriosis in 18.3%, and ovarian cysts in 1% of cases. Treatment strategy in patients ineffectively operated on for POS cannot be standard and depends on the diseases which is diagnosed after surgery.
To help patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders {patient’s school)
Authors: Melnichenko G. A. , Romantsova T. I. , Chernogolov V. A. , Pavlova M. G.
Published: September 2019

In the previous issue of the magazine, we talked about how the lack of pituitary hormones manifests itself and what modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of these conditions exist. Today we continue the story about the disease of the hypothalamic-pituitary system and dwell on the symptoms of excessive secretion of pituitary hormones.
Vasoactive effects of sex hormones
Authors: Karachentsev A. N. , Sergeev P. V.
Published: September 2019

Extensive experimental and clinical material cited in the modern scientific literature indicates the effect of sex hormones on the cardiovascular system and the need to take into account changes in its activity during therapy with drugs containing these biologically active substances [3, 5, 7, 71]. Along with the numerous compounds mediated through the structures of the central nervous system and circulating in the circulatory system, the genomic vasoactive effects of all steroid compounds, including sex hormones, can be realized due to the direct effect on the vascular wall [55, 66, 71, 75].
The reproductive system and gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in patients with "inactive" pituitary adenoma
Authors: Vax V. V. , Marova E. I. , Goncharov N. P. , Dobracheva A. D. , Kadashev B. A. , Kasumova S. Yu.
Published: September 2019

The status of the sex system and pituitary gonadotropic function were retrospectively analyzed after diagnosis verification by electron microscopy in 28patients with "inactive"pituitary adenoma, using preoperative serum values of gonadotropins, testosterone, estradiol, and LH and FSH levels from the results of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Two variants of the diseases course were distinguished in female (21%) and male (36%) patients with inactive pituitary adenoma involving no clinically manifest endocrine disorders: a) in women: the onset with oligo-opsomenorrhea type disorders of the cycle (57%) associated with the polycystic ovaries syndrome (88%); in men (37%): onset with a decrease of the libido caused by moderate hyperprolactinemia paralleled by an appreciable increase of adenoma with high (mostly FSH) or normal levels of gonadotropins and sex glands unchanged or enlarged; b) clinical and biochemical signs of secondary hypogonadism in women (22%) and men (27%). Two types of LH reactions to GnRH are observed, depending on the state of the sex glands: a) hyperergic reaction with increase of LH reserve in women with polycystic ovaries and in men with normal sex glands; b) hypo- ergic reaction of LH with a decrease of its reserve in the presence of secondary hypogonadism symptoms. A hypoergic reaction of FSH to GnRF and its low pituitary reserve were observed in both groups.
The state of the sympathetic-adrenal system in patients with hypothalamic syndrome of puberty
Authors: Goncharov N. P. , Verbovaya N. I. , Krivchenko T. P.
Published: September 2019

Twenty-nine male patients with the hypothalamic syndrome of puberty and 13 healthy controls aged 15 to 23 were examined in order to elucidate the contribution of the sympathoadrenal system to the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension in this patient population. The sympathoadrenal activity was assessed from the level of dopamine, noradrenalin, and adrenalin in the blood plasma measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography using highly sensitive detectors. Adrenalin level was significantly decreased in the patients with arterial hypertension, probably because of suppression of phenylethanol methyltransferase, which may indicate that the sympathoadrenal system does not participate in the development and stabilization of arterial hypertension in patients with the hypothalamic syndrome of puberty. Noradrenalin level was reliably decreased in the patients with body weight index of more than 35.0 kg/m2, probably due to suppression of thyrosine hydroxylase, whose activity regulates corticotropin. Catecholamine level did not depend on the disease duration, standing of hypertension, or stage of obesity.
The role of atrial natriuretic peptide in the development of arterial hypertension in patients with hypothalamic puberty syndrome
Authors: Krivchenko T. P. , Verbovaya N. I.
Published: September 2019

Fifty-two youths with the hypothalamic syndrome of puberty and 13 normal subjects aged 13 to 24 were examined in order to elucidate the contribution of the depressor system factor atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to the development of arterial hypertension in such patients. The disease standing was 2 to 11 years. Plasma ANP, plasma renin activity, and serum aldosterone were radioimmunoassayed. The level of ANP was reliably decreased in patients with borderline arterial hypertension and directly correlated with changes of the renin-aldosterone system. This permitted a conclusion on the insufficient role of the depressor system in patients with the pubertal hypothalamic syndrome and contribution of ANP to the development of arterial hypertension and of disorders in the functional relationships between the renin-aldosterone system and ANP.
Modern diagnosis and treatment of growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Peterkova V. A.
Published: September 2019

Pituitary dwarfism in recent years has become a completely treatable disease. Somatotropic insufficiency cannot be cured, but can be completely compensated by substitution therapy. With timely started and properly conducted treatment, persons with this disease can achieve normal growth and have a good quality of life. This is a huge achievement of modern medicine. In recent years, against the backdrop of the development of molecular genetics and genetic engineering, significant advances have been made in studying the mechanisms of expression and deciphering the structure of somatotropic hormone (STH) and STG receptor gene genes, and regulating the synthesis of various insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins.
Thyroid radiation pathology in children and adolescents. Lecture 1. The effect of small doses and the concept of the risk of the long-term consequences of the Chernobyl disaster
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. E.
Published: September 2019

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (Chernobyl nuclear power plant) on April 26, 1986, in terms of its scope and totality of consequences, is the largest nuclear disaster of our time, a nationwide disaster affecting the fate of millions of people living in vast territories.

The Chernobyl disaster is one of the global in the history of human civilization. It is widely recognized that it entailed a variety of widespread social consequences and medical problems. The unprecedented nature of a nuclear accident is primarily associated with irradiation of the thyroid gland in many people, especially children, with radioactive iodine.
Analysis of current recommendations and criteria of the world health organization for the assessment of iodine deficiency conditions
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. E. , Ibragimova G. V. , Pykov M. I. , Ryumin G. A. , Ryabykh A. V. , Fedotov V. P. , Belosludtseva T. M.
Published: September 2019

The incidence of endemic goiter in the Orel district of Russia has been studied in order to assess the informative value of the new WHO classification for identification of iodine deficiencies (1994). A total of 2103 children living in three rural regions, two of which were polluted with low-dose radiation after the Chernobyl accident, have been examined in 1992-1996. The incidence of goiter and thyroid dysfunction in the newborns corresponded to grave endemia, and the median of blood thyroglobulin was moderately increased in the region with the highest pollution (5 to 15 Ci/km2 for 127Cs), characterized by a slight iodine deficiency. In a less contaminated region (1 to 5 Ci/km2) with a similar level of iodine deficiency, incidence of goiter, and median of blood thyroglobulin the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the newborns was moderate. In a pure region, despite a more evident iodine deficit and a compatible increase of the median of blood thyroglobulin, the incidence of endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction of the newborns was the minimal. Hence, the values of the analyzed iodine deficit indicators did not correlate with the actual iodine deficiency in all the regions examined. These differences suggest a possible contribution of strumogenic factors other than iodine deficit to the formation of goiter endemia in the examined district. The detection of these factors in the environment is needed for objective evaluation of the causes and severity of the endemic process and for the development of differentiated approaches to the prevention and treatment of thyroid abnormalities in the population exposed to radiation.
Autoimmune thyroiditis: current understanding of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment (lecture)
Authors: Petunina N. A. , Gerasimov G. A.
Published: September 2019

A significant place in the practical activities of endocrinologists is occupied by the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases. Among them, one of the most common is autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). The prevalence of AIT among the population of different countries ranges from 0.1-1.2% in children to 6-11% in women over 60 years of age (Matsuura et al., 1990). According to A. Weetman (1992), the incidence of AIT in a population (clinically explicit forms) is 1%. At the same time, subclinical thyroiditis and circulating antithyroid antibodies can be found in 10-15% of practically healthy individuals in an euthyroid state. The ratio of sick men and women is 1: 4-1: 8 (R. Langer, 1996).
To help patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders (patient's school) Itsenko-Cushing's disease
Authors: Romantsova T. I. , Chernogolov V. A. , Pavlova M. G.
Published: September 2019

Itsenko-Cushing's disease (syndrome) is a disease associated with excessive blood levels of corticosteroids - hormones produced by small glands located above the kidneys and therefore called the adrenal glands. The main role in the changes occurring in the body with this disease is played by the hormone cortisol. These disorders can develop for a number of reasons, and therefore it is often necessary to conduct several tests to determine the cause of the disease.
The study of the biological properties of structural analogues of sex steroids in order to create drugs
Authors: Fedotov V. P.
Published: September 2019

Biological properties of structural analogs of sex steroids are studied. Alteration of the chemical structure of sex steroids helped single out a number of potential drugs possessing anabolic, antitumor, and contraceptive effects. Some potent estrogens may be used for replacement therapy. The biological characteristics of nitroxy derivative of ethynylestradiol nistranol are described in detail. This agent is characterized by an extremely high contraception index (4.6 times higher than ethynylestradiol). A new Russian two-component oral contraceptive Nitrogest has been developed, with the gestagenic component acetomepregnol synthesized at the Research Chemical Pharmaceutical Institute and the estrogen nistranol replacing the traditional ethynylestradiol.
Some physiological reactions stimulated by isadrine in experimental hyperthyroidism in rats
Authors: Sobolev V. I. , Osman Nizar
Published: September 2019

The chronotropic, calorigenic, and thermogenic effects of isopropyl noradrenalin (INA) and of the vapor mixture of INA and propranolol were studied in 86 adult male albino rats over the course of development of hyperthyrosis induced by 1 to 12 injections of triiodothyronin in a dose of 100 \xg/kg. The Pl-adrenergic reaction of the heart and the calorigenic and thermogenic reactions undergo several phases upon stimulation with isadrin in a dose of 2.0 pg/kg/min: latent period, period of high reactivity, and period of reduction of this activity. The efficacy of inderal (25 \ig/kg/min) adrenoblocking of the positive chronotropic effect of exogenously administered isadrin decreases with the progress of hyperthyrosis.
The change in the content of certain hormones in the blood of rats under the central action of proteolysis inhibitors and protein synthesis
Authors: Sandakov D. B. , Semenenya I. N. , Gurin A. V.
Published: September 2019

Changes in the blood serum progesterone, estradiol, thyrotropic and thyroid hormone levels after intracerebroventricular injection of protease inhibitor contrycal in a dose of 100 ng and protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin in a dose of 50 pg were studied in male rats. Central administration of contrycal significantly decreased the levels of thyrotropic hormone (p<0.05) and estradiol (p<0.001) and increased the level of T4 (p<0.05). Central administration of anisomycin decreased the levels of thyrotropic hormone (p<0.001) and estradiol. The latency of alteration of thyrotropic hormone and T4 levels is within 1 to 3 h, that of estradiol less than 1 h.
Autoimmune insulin syndrome as a cause of hypoglycemic conditions
Authors: Melnichenko G. A. , Fadeev V. V.
Published: September 2019

Autoimmune insulin syndrome (AIS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a combination of recurring hypoglycemic states of varying severity with severe hyperinsulinemia and a high titer of autoantibodies to insulin in the absence of a history of exogenous administration of insulin [7, 21, 26, 46).
Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor function and angiotensin-converting enzyme activity
Authors: Golikov P. P.
Published: September 2019

The central link in the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids is specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors (GH). Their synthesis is programmed by 1 gene of chromosome 5 [44]. The direct biosynthesis of GR occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cytoplasm [12]. In the cytoplasm, GRs bind to heat shock proteins (HSP, chaperone proteins) mol. mass of 50, 70, 90 kD [20, 59]. Like the mass of the GR – HSP complex is 300 kD [14]. In the absence of glucocorticoids, GRs are localized mainly in the cytoplasm [30, 63]. In 1 cell contains from 5000 to 100 000 specific GH. GRs have been found in many mammalian tissues [13], however, certain tissues do not contain GRs: the intermediate pituitary, Kupffer and endothelial cells of the liver, renal glomeruli, and proximal convoluted tubules [12, 31].
Intraoperative ultrasound in the surgical treatment of thyroid nodular euthyroid formations
Authors: Vetshev P. S. , Kuznetsov N. S. , Chilingaridi K. E. , Vanushko V. E. , Ozerov S. K.
Published: September 2019

Intraoperative ultrasonic examination was carried out in order to improve the efficacy of intraoperative diagnosis (revision), specify the type of thyroid involvement, and choose an adequate volume of surgical intervention. The method was used in 44 patients with nodular euthyroid formations of the thyroid. The technique is described in detail. As a result of intraoperative ultrasonic examinations, the planned volume of surgical intervention was changed in one-third of cases. Intraoperative examinations in surgical treatment of nodular euthyroid formations of the thyroid help specify the type of thyroid involvement, select the optimal volume of intervention, and thus decrease the incidence of relapses.
Features of painless myocardial ischemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The experience of using persantin
Authors: Ametov A. S. , Orlov V. A. , Zhestovsky S. S.
Published: September 2019

The paper deals with the problem of treating diabetics with type II condition in parallel with silent myocardial ischemia. The authors investigated the main clinical features and metabolic parallels of silent ischemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and came to the conclusion on the efficacy of glucose-reducing Glurenorm and vasoactive Persantin at the early stages of the disease.
Calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone metabolism in patients with diffuse toxic goiter
Authors: Akhkubekova N. K. , Marova E. I. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Burumkulova F. F. , Mishchenko B. P. , Bakulin A. V. , Bukhman A. I. , Sazonova N. I.
Published: September 2019

Three groups of premenopausal women with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) of different duration and different activity of thyrotoxicosis were examined for assessing calcium-phosphorus metabolism, osseous metabolism, and mineral compactness of bone tissue by ultrasonic (US) densitometry and bienergetic x-ray absorptiometry. Manifest hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia with normal levels of Ca2+ and inorganic phosphorus in the blood were revealed in patients with newly detected and recurrent DTG. In patients with hyperthyrosis the blood alkaline phosphatase activity and hydroxyproline excretion with the urine on an empty stomach were increased, these changes being most of all expressed in the group with newly detected thyrotoxicosis; however, these shifts were liable to normalize when stable drug-induced euthyrosis was attained. A reliable correlation between free T4 in the blood serum and osseous metabolism was revealed, which may indicate a direct effect of TH excess on bone tissue metabolism. The osteopenic syndrome was detected primarily in the proximal portions of the femoral bone, the severity of osteopenia reliably correlating with the disease duration. The authors come to a conclusion about the informative value of US densitometry and bienergy x-ray absorptiometry for the diagnosis of early stages of the osteopenic syndrome in DTG.
Lipid peroxidation and the state of the antioxidant defense system in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nikiforov O. N. , Sazonova O. V. , Sukhanova L. Ya. , Knyazkova L. G. , Galenok V. A.
Published: September 2019

Lipid peroxidation and status of the antioxidant defense were followed up in 24 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes over the course of treatment. Serum malonic dialdehyde was reliably (2.7 times) increased during the decompensation stage. Accumulation of conjugated dienes was not seen in all the patients; it depended on the content of free fatty acids. Their level decreased 1.1-1.3 times with depletion of the oxidation substrate. Variously directed changes of catalase activity were observed during the decompensation stage in the presence of a reliable (1.6 times) depression of ceruloplasmin, this reflecting various stages of adaptation of the antioxidant defense system. The level of malonic di aldehyde decreased after normalization of carbohydrate metabolism, but failed to reach the control values; a trend to recovery of the antioxidant composition was observed. The findings indicate disorders in the relationships between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense. Approaches to development of individual treatments and methods of correction are discussed.
Experience with the use of enalapril in children and adolescents with diabetic nephropathy and a normative level of blood pressure
Authors: Sivous G. I. , Kasatkina E. P. , Sokolovskaya V. N. , Voychik E. A. , Alekseeva T. M. , Pashintseva L. P.
Published: September 2019

In order to study the efficacy of APP inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, 42 patients (13 men and 29 women) aged 11.6 to 20.9 years with diabetic nephropathy and normal arterial pressure were administered enalapril (“Renitek”) in a daily dose of 5 to 10 mg for 3 to 9 months. The treatment efficacy was assessed from the time course of albuminunuria and proteinuria, level of glycated hemoglobin HbAl, and arterial pressure values. Out of 35 patients with microalbuminuria treated for 3 to 9 months, albuminuria decreased in 32 (91.1%), and in 28 of these (80%) normalized. Out of 7 patients with proteinuria it notably decreased in 6, and in one patient albuminuria normalized. The results persisted for 9 months in the majority of cases after the drug was discontinued. Arterial pressure did not change much. Hence, enalapril is an effective drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with microalbuminuria and proteinuria in normotensive patients.
Radiation pathology of the thyroid gland lecture 2. Iodine blockade in accidents at nuclear production
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. E.
Published: September 2019

Currently, more than 400 nuclear power plants (NPPs) are operating on the planet, more than 100 are under construction. In addition, a large number of individual nuclear reactors operate. By 1990, 46 power units at 15 nuclear power plants were operating in the territory of the former USSR, 111 reactors in the United States and another 12 are under construction.

Hundreds of tons of uranium oxide are loaded into nuclear reactors. Therefore, during the generation of atomic energy, they accumulate a huge amount of radioactive substances (RS), formed during the physical decay of the nuclei of fuel atoms. Reactors are primarily a potential source of radiation hazard and the release of radioactive substances contained in them into the environment and the human body.
Hepoxylins - activators of ATP-dependent K + channels B cells of the pancreas are normal and in pathology
Authors: Babichev V. N. , Ignatiev N. S. , Balabolkin M. I. , Pivnitsky K. K.
Published: September 2019

ATP-dependent channels of pancreatic ft-cells functionally attenuated by streptosotocin and their reaction to hepoxylin HxB3 are analyzed. Highly specific response of the above ionic channels to glucose and HxB3 hepoxylin was observed. Analysis of the time course of electrophysiological processes in the channels showed appreciable changes in the time of their closure, which resulted in a slower secretion of insulin starting from the moment of glucose and hepoxylin exposure and till the moment of exocytosis of insulin quantum. Under experimental conditions hepoxylin was a more potent inductor of secretion than glucose.
The function of the pituitary-gonad, pituitary-adrenal cortex systems with repeated administration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the postnatal period
Authors: Goncharov N. P. , Butnev V. Yu.
Published: September 2019

The effect of repeated injections of gonadotropin releasing factor (LH-RF) on the functional activity of the pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-adrenal systems of young Papio hamadrias of different age was investigated. Blood levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, hydrocortisone, 11-deoxycortisone, and luteinizing hormone were radioimmunoassayed in monkeys over the course of LH-RF injections (six injections every other day). The stimulating effect of the factor on the level of luteinizing hormone decreased after its repeated injections to male monkeys aged under 1 year. The simultaneous increase of testosterone level did not tend to decrease the stimulating effect of LH-RF. Injections of LH-RF did not change the level of hydrocortisone in animals aged 2 years and increased it in monkeys aged 1 year. Repeated injections of LH-RF to young male Papio hamadryas changed the adrenal steroidogenesis, which manifested by a decrease in the blood levels of corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisone, and dihydrotestosterone.
The role of oxytocin in the regulation of pancreatic function in animals with diabetes mellitus corrected by interval hypoxic training
Authors: Abramov A. V.
Published: September 2019

The oxytocin-producing system of the hypothalamus, represented by the supraoptic and posteromedial and anterior large-cell subnuclei of the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei was studied in Wistar rats. Morphometric methods and detection of oxytocin-producing neurons by indirect immunofluorescence and measurements of immunoreactive oxytocin in the neurons and the median eminence of the hypothalamus were used in the study. Interval hypoxic training corrected the course of experimental diabetes mellitus. Increased production and secretion of oxytocin play an active role in this process. Interval hypoxic training led to an increase of the levels of immunoreactive oxytocin in the neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, whereas the size of neuronal nucleoli remained unchanged. In diabetes mellitus the content of oxytocin in the neurons was less increased, whereas the nucleoli were notably enlarged. Interval hypoxic training caused the most expressed increase of oxytocin content in the neurons and the median eminence of the hypothalamus, which indicated a high level of synthetic and secretory activity of oxytocin-producing system of the hypothalamus.
Obesity. An imbalance of energy or an imbalance of nutrients?
Authors: Ginzburg M. M. , Kozupitsa G. S.
Published: September 2019

Obesity is now the most common disease in the population of economically developed countries, where up to 25% of residents have a body weight that is more than 15% higher than normal [8]. An increase in the incidence rate of about 10% over 10 years is observed [33]. The causal relationship between obesity and arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, and type II diabetes mellitus is well known [6, 10]. At the same time, the current state of the problem of prevention, therapy and control of relapse of obesity is far from perfect. And this is primarily due to the fact that we do not fully know the pathogenesis of this disease.
Thyroid pathology in individuals living in areas with increased radioactive background (according to histological examination)
Authors: Panteleev I. V. , Bronstein M. E. , Bazarova E. N.
Published: September 2019

After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, information appeared in the press about a significant increase in thyroid neoplasms. We analyzed our own data on the features of thyroid pathology in individuals exposed to radioactive radiation.
The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone in newborns in conditions of goiter endemicity and radiation pollution
Authors: Kasatkina E. P. , Shilin D. E. , Fedotov V. P. , Belosludtseva T. M.
Published: September 2019

The findings of five-year screening for hypothyrosis, carried out in 1242 newborns 6 to 10 years after the Chernobyl accident, are analyzed in order to assess the patterns of thyroid dysfunction in the neonatal period in regions endemic for goiter and evaluate the relationship between this condition and iodine deficiency and radiation contamination of the environment. The incidence of increased level of TTH in the blood (>5 iU/liter) is 3-4 times increased in two controlled districts contaminated with 137Cs at a density of 1-5 and 5-15 Ci/km2 in comparison with the reference (free from radiation) district. The incidence of neonatal thyroid hypofunction directly correlated with the radiation factor and its intensity and negatively with the severity of iodine deficiency. In addition, the mean TTH values (<5 iU/liter) in the newborns, although within the normal range, were 79 and 187%) higher, respectively, than in controls. Analysis of the results of screening for every year showed an outbreak of thyroid dysfunction in 1994, that is, 8 years after the atomic disaster. These data permit us to hypothesize that low-dose ionizing radiation is responsible for disorders of neonatal adaptation of the thyroid system to iodine deficit in the environment and hence, adequate iodine therapy is to be started from the earliest terms of gestation.
State register of diabetes mellitus: the prevalence of insulin-dependent diabetes and its complications
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Suntsov Yu. I. , Kudryakova S. V. , Ryzhkova S. G. , Lisitsyn V. Yu.
Published: September 2019

The authors analyze the files of one territorial center of the State Register of Diabetes Mellitus, situated in the center of Moscow. Data on the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and its complications in adults as recorded for January 1, 1995, are discussed. In men the prevalence and incidence of IDDM is significantly higher than in women. The incidence of IDDM complications increases with the age of patients and duration of the disease. Organization of diabetes register appreciably improves medical statistical monitoring of the epidemiological situation with regard to diabetes, provides more complete information needed for planning and economic validation of diabetological service of public health, and helps define the strategy of primary and secondary prevention of the disease and the main trends of epidemiological research.
Pulmonary microangiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis
Authors: Karachunsky M. A. , Panesek I. A. , Stoilov L. D. , Filippov V. P.
Published: September 2019

Pulmonary biopsy was carried out in 30 patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus during diagnostic bronchoscopy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Biopsy specimens collected at lung sites distant from the zone of tuberculous involvement were examined by routine histological methods and electron microscopy. Signs of microangiopathies (MAP) were detected in all the cases. These signe were moderate in 12 and extensive in 18 patients. The diabetic origin of MAP was confirmed not only by morphological, but by clinical data as well, namely, direct correlation with the duration and severity of diabetes and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Pulmonary tuberculosis developing in the presence of manifest pulmonary MAP ran a more grave course and poorly responded to specific chemotherapy.
Conjunctival blood flow after endovascular laser therapy in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Grinshtein Yu. I. , Ivliev S. V. , Osetrova N. B. , Ilyenkov S. S.
Published: September 2019

The conjunctival bloodflow was examined in patients with diabetic nephropathy with different status of renal function and changes in the microcirculatory bed assessed after endovascular laser therapy. Twenty-five donors and twenty-one patients with medium-severe and grave type I diabetes complicated by diabetic nephropathy were followed up. Microcirculatory disorders in the eyeball conjunctiva progressed as renal function deteriorated, which was evident from a reliable increase of the total conjunctival index in parallel with the progress of chronic- renal insufficiency. A course of endovascular laser therapy reliably improved the microcirculation: the arterio-venular coefficient increased and the total conjunctival index decreased in patients with latent and conservatively curable stages of chronic renal insufficiency due to normalization of vascular tone, boosting of the bloodflow, and decrease of red cell sludging.
The functional state of the thyroid system in pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas in Belarus
Authors: Iskritsky A. M. , Sorokina S. E.
Published: September 2019

The study was aimed at detecting the disorders and specific features in the function of the thyroid system in pregnant women, parturients, and puerperae in Byelorussia after the Chernobyl accident. Serum total thyroxin, total triiodothyronine, and thyroxin-binding globulin were radioimmunoassayed in 151 women. The concentrations of total thyroxin and total triiodothyronine were decreased during the second and at the beginning of the third gestation trimesters, these changes being most expressed in regions with radionuclide pollution, which are, in addition, intensive foci of endemic goiter. Insufficient intake of iodine under conditions of activated metabolism associated with pregnancy appears to be responsible for the functional changes in the thyroid system. Renewal of iodine prophylaxis is recommended for pregnant women living at territories contaminated with radionuclides.
Antithyroid immunity in children with endemic goiter
Authors: Svinarev M. Yu. , Lisenkova L. A. , Shub G. M.
Published: September 2019

Thyroid immunity is assessed in 246 children aged 6 to 16 living in a region with moderate iodine deficit (the Khvalynsk region of the Saratov district). A total of 203 children with endemic goiter of the first-third degree and 43 children with normal-sized thyroid were examined using the ultrasonic method, measurements of the blood levels of T3, T4, and TTH, estimation of the [(T3+T4)/TTH] index, and assessment of the urinary excretion of inorganic iodine. Serum autoantibodies to the microsomal antigen (MAg) and thyroglobulin (TG) were assayed by ELISA. Autoantibodies to MAg and/or TG were detected in 10.8%) of children with endemic goiter and 2.3%o of those without enlargement of the thyroid. The rate of detection of autoantibodies increases with age (p<0.05) and is parallel with increase in the size of the thyroid (up to 21.1%o in third- degree goiter, p<0.02). Autoantibodies were detected much more often in children with various echographically detected dijfuse changes in the thyroid structure (from 17.8 to 42.9%o vs. 8.6% in cases with the intact structure of the organ). Serum TTH level was reliably increased and the thyroid index decreased in “seropositive” children (p<0.01). The findings confirm the relationship between inadequate consumption of iodine and immunological reactivity of children and demonstrate certain regularities in the development of autoimmune disorders in children with endemic goiter.
Clinical and morphological features of “inactive” pituitary adenomas: a retrospective analysis of 95 cases
Authors: Kasumova S. Yu. , Vaks V. V. , Kadashev B. A. , Marova E. I.
Published: September 2019

Ninety-five case histories of patients with “inactive ” pituitary adenoma are analyzed. These patients were operated on from 1977 to 1983, and the diagnosis was verified in them by histological, electron-microscopic, and immunohistochemical studies of the operation material. Clinical manifestations of the disease included a) neuroophthalmological symptoms; b) sexual disorders in men and women; c) pituitary insufficiency (hypogonadism, hypothyrosis, or hypocorticoidism); d) neurological and psychopathological symptoms. By the moment of the first manifestation of the symptoms the majority of patients were middle-aged. In older patients the disease starts with ocular and/or neurological disorders, in women under 50 and men under 55 years of age as a rule with sex disorders. Moderate hyperprolactinemia was detected in half of the patients, which in 30% of cases was associated with oligo-amenorrhea-galactorrhea often leading to hyperdiagnosis of prolactotrophic adenoma. In general, all types of inactive pituitary adenoma are chromophobic by their tinctorial properties, except oncocytoma, which is poorly eosinophilic in half the cases; electron microscopy showed zero-cell adenoma to be the most incident (40%) in the examined patient population.
Status and prospects of the fight against diabetes
Authors: Balabolkin M. I.
Published: September 2019

Diabetes mellitus remains one of the important medical and social health problems of almost all countries of the world. The prevalence of diabetes in industrialized countries is 5-6% and has a tendency to increase. This is mainly due to the increase in patients suffering from non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, type II diabetes). So, according to S. R. Kahn (1995), in the United States about 6-7% of the total population are patients with NIDDM. Calculations showed that in the case of an increase in the average life expectancy of up to 80 years, the number of patients with NIDDM will exceed 17% of the total population.
Thyroid cancer
Authors: Bronstein M. E.
Published: September 2019

The problem of thyroid cancer (thyroid cancer) is far from new, but until recently it was a general biological problem, part of its purely oncological aspect, in recent years it is one of the most urgent problems of both oncology and endocrinology, especially the practical sections of these industries medicine.
The effect of estrogen deficiency on rat ganglioside metabolism
Authors: Saatov T. S. , Isaev E. I. , Ergashova M. Zh. , Kukina O. Yu. , An A. P.
Published: September 2019

The effect of estrogen insufficiency on the formation of gangliosides from precursors is studied. Oophorectomy changes the production of gangliosides in the heart, skeletal muscles, fatty tissue, and pancreas. Estrogen insufficiency is paralleled by decrease of cardiac monosialogangliosides G^j and GM3> skeletal muscle disialogangliosides GDlb and GDla and monosialogangliosides Gmi end Gmj, fatty tissue disialoganglioside GDlb and monosialogangliosides G^] and GM3> and pancreatic monosialoganglioside GMI. The findings indicate that estrogens can contribute to regulation of ganglioside metabolism.
The effect of chorionic gonadotropin on the functional activity of some populations of splenocytes
Authors: Shirshev S. V.
Published: September 2019

Selective immunomodulating effects of high (50 IU/ml) and low (10 IU/ml) doses of chorionic gonadotropin (CG) on the functional activity of A cells and intact splenic T and В lymphocytes were revealed for the syngeneic transfer system. One- hour incubation of nonfractionated splenocytes with CG suppressed the formation of antibody-producing cells (APC) in le- thally irradiated syngeneic recipients. Removal of macrophages from the suspension of intact splenocytes arrested CG-induced immunosuppression and, in case of a low dose, activated the formation of APC. Addition of CG in a low dose to cell culture rich in В lymphocytes activated APC formation. A high dose of the hormone exerted no immunostimulating effect of this kind but selectively suppressed the function of T lymphocytes fractionated by fdtration through nylon fiber filters. Study of the functional activity of A cells by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence showed CG in the studied doses to suppress the generation of active oxygen forms, thus determining the key role of A cells as inducers of CG-dependent immunosuppression in a heterogeneous suspension of splenocytes.
Comparative evaluation of the inotropic effect of lipophilic and hydrophilic forms of 17P-estradiol and progesterone
Authors: Matyushin A. I. , Karachentsev A. N. , Isaev S. A. , Mambetova A. Zh.
Published: September 2019

Changes in the contractility under the effect of lipophilic and hydrophilic 17^-estradiol and progesterone were studied on an isolated atrial auricula. The hydrophilic forms of female sex steroids possessed a higher cardiotropic activity than their lipophilic analogs. Lipophilic 17^-estradiol suppressed, whereas the hydrophilic form boosted the contractile function of the isolated rat atrium. Progesterone depressed cardiac contractility, no matter which forms were used.
Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy
Authors: Rodionova T. I.
Published: September 2019

Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EO), or orbitopathy, is currently considered as a genetically determined independent autoimmune disease [38, 39]. At the same time, there is a close relationship between EO and autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland (thyroid gland). In approximately 90% of cases, EO develops in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTZ), in 5% in patients with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis; in 5-10% of patients with EO, thyroid diseases are not detected [66]. The average age of patients with EA at the 1st visit to the doctor is 45-50 years and corresponds to the age of patients with DTZ; in children, EO develops rarely and proceeds, as a rule, in a mild form [51]. Smoking is considered a risk factor for the development of EO: among 85 EO patients, 53 (62%) smokers were found, and only 23% of the patients with DTZ without EO smoked [61, 66].
Autoimmune thyroiditis. - Bishkek, 1996 .-- 158 p. D. S. Rafibekov, A. P. Kalinin
Authors: Levit I. D.
Published: September 2019

The monograph is dedicated to autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), a “young” disease described 85 years ago. The problem is little developed, despite the wide spread of the disease throughout the world. Scientists and practitioners are generally new to her. Hence, on the one hand, the low detection rate of the disease, on the other hand, its overdiagnosis.
Applying He's variational iteration method to FRW cosmology
Authors: K.Shchigolev V.
Published: September 2019

This work is devoted to the investigation of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological models with the help of the so-called Variational Iteration Method (VIM). For this end, we briefly recall the main equations of the cosmological models and the basic idea of VIM. In order to approbate the VIM in FRW cosmology and demonstrate the main steps in solving by this method, we consider the test example of the universe with dust for which the exact solution of the model is known. Then, a solution for the spatially flat FRW model of the universe filled with the dust and quintessence is obtained when the exact analytic solution cannot be found. A comparison of our solution with the corresponding numerical solution shows that it is of a high degree of accuracy. Moreover, the Dynamical System Analysis to the dynamics of the homogeneous and isotropic FRW universes is used as a special case of generalized Lotkaâ€“Volterra system where the competitive species are the barotropic fluids filling the Universe. With the help of VIM, we have found the iterative formulae for the density parameters of the cosmological analog of the generalized Lotkaâ€“Volterra set of equations. All solutions illustrated graphically by means of Maple software.Â Â
Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soils and Sediments in Onitsha area, Southeastern, Nigeria
Authors: Iyobosa.Timothy Asowata , Akinade Shadrach Olatunji
Published: September 2019

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutant that can impair environmental quality and health, and consequent ecological risk. The study was aimed at determining the concentration and environmental status of PAHs in the soils and sediments of Onitsha metropolis and identify their probable source(s). Sixty samples of soils (44) and sediments (16) were collected for the study. Extraction of organics was facilitated by infusing the samples with dichloromethane and subjected to ultrasonic agitation. The analyses of the PAHs were undertaken using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Thirteen PAHs were detected in soils and sediments exhibiting varying concentration across several sampling locations. The concentration range (µg/kg) of the 13 identified PAHs in soil and sediments were Fluorene 0.00 - 122.2and 1.7-31.1; Anthracene, 0.0 – 55.3and 1.7 - 46.0; Phenathrene 1.0 – 2045.8and 22.2 – 266.2; Fluoranthene, 1.0 – 483.7and 13.4 – 602.9; Pyrene, 3.7 – 533.4and 14.1 – 531.8; Benzo [k]fluoranthene 1.0 – 166.5; 4.0 – 163.5; Benzo[a]anthracene, 1.0 - 222.0; 5.6 – 298; Benzo[b]fluoranthene, 1.1 – 502.6 and 14.1 – 452.9; Dibenz[ah]anthracene 1.0 – 33.4 and 1.0 37 0; Chrysene, 1.0 – 426.4and 10.0 – 385.6; Benzo [a] pyrene 1.0 – 502.6and 12.9 – 514.9 Benzo[ghi]perylene, 1.0 – 557.8and 14.9 – 326.0; Indeno[123-cd]pyrene 1.0 – 412.2and 1.0 – 37.0, respectively The fractional concentration of PAHs and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysed using Principal Component Analyses revealed different partitioning of the TOC and PAHs in soils and sediments. This indicated distinct sourcing of the TOC and PAHs in the environmental media. Relatively higher concentrations of PAHs were found in environment characterized by combustion activities such as waste dump sites, Mechanic and Metal Works environments. Pyrogenic (combustion) activities were indicted as the main contributors of the PAHs to the soils and sediments.
The development of competencies required for school principals in Quebec: Adequacy between competency standard and practice
Authors: Lambert Monique , Bouchamma Yamina
Published: September 2019

School principals deal with a variety of increasingly complex responsibilities (Trudeau, 2013). They must therefore develop and hone professional competencies that will enable them to effectively perform their pedagogical, organizational, relational, or administrative duties (Barber, Whelan & Clark., 2010; Bisaillon et al., 2009; Darling-Hammond, Meyerson, LaPointe, & Orr, 2010; Pont, Nusche, & Moorman, 2008). In light of the many societal changes and resulting pressure on schools, many countries have developed competency standards for school principals to redefine the competencies required to successfully fulfill this role (UNESCO, 2006). Quebec has followed suit in this movement with the publication of its first competency standard for school principals in 2008. This document is used during the initial training for future school principals to develop competencies useful for this function. What competencies are needed by school leaders in relation to the challenges they face in their work? What are these challenges? Interviews with school principals (N = 13) allowed us to highlight challenges that arise in their day-to-day activities which allowed us to identify the professional and cross-curricular (behavioural) competencies that they implement to do their job.