bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening of bioantagonistic bacteria for biocontrol agent of Rhizoctonia solani and surfactin producer
Authors: YULIAR YULIAR
Published: July 2014

The objective of this research was to screen 31 of bacteria isolates that have potency to control Rhizoctonia solani growth and isolates capability to produce surfactin. R. solani growth inhibition was performed uses paper discs containing a 5 days cultivation of isolates culture. Surfactin activity assay was performed on LB agar medium. Results of the screening showed that the highest growth inhibition was obtained for isolates code 54 (96.43%), KC4 (93.45%), and 163 (93.19%). All of the isolates were cooproducer of surfactin and iturin, and the highest biosurfactan index was obtained for isolate KB2 (3.91).The four potential isolates were identified, as Bacillus pantotheinticus (isolate 54 and isolate 163), Bacillus brevis (isolateKC4), and Bacillus sp(isolate KB2).Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: biocontrol, Bacillus pantotheinticus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus sp., Rhizoctonia solani, surfactin
Biochemical analysis of extracting fermented coconut oil
Authors: SOEKA YATI SUDARYATI , SULISTYO JOKO , NAIOLA ELIDAR
Published: July 2014

Vegetable oil can be produced from a perennial plant such as coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). There are few techniques for coconut oil extraction, such as physical, chemical, and fermentative processes. The fermentation process uses microbial inoculum as starter. Ground coconut meat was soaked in warm water, than squeezed several times to get coconut milk. After being allowed to stand for 4-5 hours, it separated into two layers, cream and skim. Starter was prepared from a mixture of milk and coconut water (1:9, v/v) which enriched with 2% tomato extract, 0.5% urea, and 1.0% molasses and then preincubated for 5 days under agitation. Starter with different concentration (1.0; 2.5; 5.0; and 10%) were added onto coconut milk and allowed to be fermented for over night. The extracting oil was analyzed for further experiment, especially, on its antibacterial activity. The maximum yield of 23% was achieved by using 2.5% starter. Total protein, fat, FFA, and cholesterol content of the fermented coconut oil were 0.05%, 96.45%, 0.29%, and 0.008%, respectively. The gas chromatogram showed that this oil contained high lauric acid (46.20%), and 13.94% miristic, 5.97% palmitic, 9.00% palmitoleic, and 19.73% stearic acid, respectively.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: coconut oil, fermentation, antibacterial activity, biochemistry analysis.
Habitat study of Styphelia abnormis (Sond.) J.J.Smith. in Manitalu Hill, East Waigeo Nature Reserve, Waigeo Island, West Papua
Authors: MUDIANA DEDEN
Published: July 2014

Styphelia abnormis (Sond.) J.J. Smith is a member of family Epacridaceae that grows in East Waigeo Nature Reserve (Cagar Alam Waigeo Timur). An inventory was done using 30 sampling plots of 2 x 2 m2. The results were: density 2.375 per m2 and presence 90%. This species grew as a shrub on ultramafic soil in open hilly areas at 50-80 above sea level (a sl). Styphelia abnormis is a plant species that can grow on ultramafic soil in East Waigeo NR.Â© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Styphelia abnormis, habitat, East Waigeo Nature Reserve (Cagar Alam Waigeo Timur).
Genetic variability of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume in Java based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA
Authors: POERBA YUYU SURYASARI , MARTANTI DIYAH
Published: July 2014

Amorphophallus muelleri Blume (Araceae) is valued for its glucomanan content for use in food industry (healthy diet food), paper industry, pharmacy and cosmetics. The species is triploid (2n=3x=39) and the seed is developed apomictically. The present research is aimed to identify genetic variability of six population of A. muelleri from Java (consisted of 50 accessions) using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The six populations of the species are: East Java: (1) Silo-Jember, (2) Saradan-Madiun, (3) IPB (cultivated, from Saradan- Madiun), (4) Panti-Jember, (5) Probolinggo; and Central Java: (6) Cilacap. The results showed that five RAPD primers generated 42 scorable bands of which 29 (69.05%) were polymorphic. Size of the bands varied from 300bp to 1.5kbp. The 50 accessions of A. muelleri were divided into two main clusters, some of them were grouped based on their populations, and some others were not. The range of individual genetic dissimilarity was from 0.02 to 0.36. The results showed that among six populations investigated, Saradan population showed the highest levels of genetic variation with mean values of na = 1.500+0.5061, ne = 1.3174+0.3841, PLP = 50% and He = 0, 0.1832+0.2054, whereas Silo-Jember population showed the lowest levels of genetic variation with mean values na = 1.2619+0.4450, ne =1.1890+0.3507, PLP = 26.19% and He = 0.1048+0.1887. Efforts to conserve, domesticate, cultivate and improve genetically should be based on the genetic properties of each population and individual within population, especially Saradan population which has the highest levels of genetic variation, need more attention for its conservation.Key words: Amorphophallus muelleri, RAPD, genetic variability.
Functional Importance of Seed Weight on the Seedling Establishment of Syzygium bankense (Hassk.) Merr. & L.M. Perry and Quercus gemelliflora Blume
Authors: SATYANTI ANNISA
Published: July 2014

Seedling is the first and prominent phase of plant development. Seedling performance can be determined by seed and itsembedded characteristics, among them is seed weight. In this study we would like to see how seed weight within species affect seedling establishment. The hypotheses tested were that heavier seed is regarded advantageous compared to lighterseed by functionally produce more competitive seedlings for better growth. Heavier seeds indeed resulted in higher shootlength than lighter seeds. The same pattern was also pronounced for the correlation between seed weight and shoot length of Syzygium bankense and Quercus gemelliflora. There was also a significant positive correlation between seed size andnumber of leaf within species.Key words: seed weight, Syzygium bankense, Quercus gemelliflora, seedling establishment, germination
The genetics of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese
Authors: SIREGAR ISKANDAR ZULKARNAEN , YUNANTO TEDI
Published: July 2014

Siregar IZ, Yunanto T. (2010).Â The genetics of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese.Â Biodiversitas 11: 5-8. Inheritance and linkage analysis of glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) in P. merkusii were performedÂ using megagametophyte tissues of single tree seed-lots. One monomorphic locus (GOT-A)Â and three polymorphic loci (GOT-B,GOT-C and GOT-D) were identified, based on the allelic 1: 1 segregation of putatively heterozygous trees. Linkage analysis revealed that GOTCÂ andÂ GOT-DÂ wereÂ closelyÂ linkedÂ lociÂ withÂ anÂ averageÂ recombinationÂ rate (R) of about 5%. This result which is in contrast to the GOT genetics in other pine species was discussed with regard to the probably occurring gene duplication of one GOT locus.
Litter decomposition of Rhizophora stylosa in Sabang-Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia; evidence from mass loss and nutrients
Authors: DEWIYANTI IRMA
Published: July 2014

Dewiyanti I (2010) Litter decomposition of Rhizophora stylosa in Sabang-Weh Island, Aceh, Indonesia; evidence from mass loss and nutrients. Biodiversitas 11: 139-144. Mangrove is an essential coastal ecosystem that provides nutrients to estuarine and its surrounding environments through its litter decomposition. This vegetation can be considered as an important ecosystem in food web along the coast. The research was conducted in mangrove forest in Sabang-Weh Island, Aceh. Rhizophora stylosa was dominant species of mangrove in the study area that still remains after tsunami catastrophe in 2004. This study was conducted from February to April 2008, and the purposes were to obtain the decomposition rate of senescent leaves and to measure mass loss, and nutrient contents of decomposing leaves under different inundation regime. Three plots were established in each site. Decomposition of R. stylosa leaves were studied by using litter bag technique. They were made of synthetic nylon which had size 20x30 cm and mesh size was 1x1.25 mm2. Senescent leaves were used because they present major leaves on the forest floor and started to decay. Remaining leaves decreased during experiment period because decomposition process had been taking place in the study area. Time required for decomposing a half of theinitial material (t50) was 67 days and 63 days for site next to the land and site next to the sea, respectively. The decay rate can be expressed by the decay coefficient (K) and the results of K were 0.010 and 0.011 (d-1). The value of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), C: N ratio and phosphorous (P) during decomposition periods were no significant difference in sites but significant difference in time. The C: N ratio of decomposing leaves decreased in both sites. Low C: N ratio in the last of observation indicated that R. stylosa leaves weredecomposed easier at the end of observation than that in the beginning of observation.Key words: Rhizophora stylosa, leaves litter, mass loss, nutrients, Aceh.
Demersal fishes and their distribution in estuarine waters of Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan
Authors: SUYATNA IWAN , BRATAWINATA ACHMAD ARIFFIEN , SIDIK ACHMAD SYAFEI , RUCHAEMI AFIF
Published: July 2014

Suyatna I, Bratawinata AA, SidikAS, Ruchaemi A (2011) Demersal fishes and their distribution in estuarine waters of Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Biodiversitas 12: 204-210. The study aimed (i) to identify of the demersal fishes, (ii) to analyze the diversity and (iii) to determine their distribution. Surveys were carried out between August 2009 and January 2010 in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan. Data were analyzed using several indices of Shannon Weaver, Simpson, Margalef species richness, and Bray Curtis distance. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was also used to correlate between fish species and their environmental factors and to show the fish distribution. Sixty samplings were done using bottom-trawl at various water depths from one to forty two meters to collect the data. Taxonomically, during the study, 10 orders, 61 families, 87 genera and 131 species of fish with 43340 individuals were identified. Among the families, Leiognathidae was the most important group of fish, they distributed throughout the depths. Meanwhile CCA showed that Leiognathidae and Sciaenidae were observed to be rich in the shallow water. Generally, index of Shannon Weaver, Simpson and Margalef species richness ranged between; 0.52 and 2.48; 0.11 and 0.82; 2.24 and 18.61 respectively. Bray Curtis distanceindicated the significant difference of individual number of demersal fishes between shallow and deep waters.Key words: Mahakam delta, water depth, trawl, demersal fish, canonical correspondence analysis
Impact of forest disturbance on the structure and composition of vegetation in tropical rainforest of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PITOPANG RAMADHANIL
Published: July 2014

Pitopang R. 2012. Impact of forest disturbance on the structure and composition of vegetation in tropical rainforest of Central Sulawesi,Â Indonesia. Biodiversitas 13: 178-189. We presented the structure and composition of vegetation in four (4) different land use types namely undisturbed primary forest, lightly disturbed primary forest, selectively logged forest, and cacao forest garden in tropical rainforest margin of the Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi Indonesia. Individually all big trees (dbh > 10 cm) was numbered with tree tags and their position in the plot mapped, crown diameter and dbh measured, whereas trunk as well as total height measured by Vertex. Additionally, overstorey plants (dbh 2- 9.9 cm) were also surveyed in all land use types. Identification of vouchers and additional herbarium specimens was done in the field as well as at Herbarium Celebense (CEB), Tadulako University, and Nationaal Herbarium of Netherland (L) Leiden branch, the Netherland. The result showed that the structure and composition of vegetation inÂ studied are was different. Tree species richness was decreased from primary undisturbed forest to cacao plantation, whereas tree diversity and its composition were significantly different among four (4) land use types. Palaquium obovatum, Chionanthus laxiflorus, Castanopsis acuminatissima, Lithocarpus celebicus, Canarium hirsutum, Euonymus acuminifolius and Sarcosperma paniculatum being predominant in land use type A, B and C and Coffea robusta, Theobroma cacao, Erythrina subumbrans, Gliricidia sepium, Arenga pinnata, and Syzygium aromaticum in the cacao plantation. At the family level, undisturbed natural forest was dominated by Fagaceae and Sapotaceae disturbed forest by Moraceae, Sapotaceae, Rubiaceae, and agroforestry systems by Sterculiaceae and Fabaceae.
The population of Jernang rattan (Daemonorops draco) in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia
Authors: SULASMI IIK SRI , NISYAWATI NISYAWATI , PURWANTO YOHANES , FATIMAH SITI
Published: July 2014

Sulasmi IS, Nisyawati, Purwanto Y, Fatimah S. 2012. The population of Jernang rattanÂ (Daemonorops draco) Â in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi Province, Indonesia.Â Biodiversitas 13: 205-213. Research of Rattan Jernang ((Daemonorops draco Willd.) population in Jebak Village, Batanghari District, Jambi had never been done before. Daemonorops draco is a plant that produces sap called dragon blood. Dragon blood is very useful for the the lives of people of Anak Dalam Tribe in Jambi. This research used purposive random sampling method. All of data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that beside D. draco, there were other six species of rattan in Jebak forest. The population of D. draco in Jebak forest was only 8 clumps, consisting of 82 individuals. D. draco had the smallest population among all rattan species. Calamus javensis had the highest population, namely 11 clumps, consisting of 197 individuals. The research location had air temperature of 20.2 oC-28.9 oC, relative humidity of 58%-68%, and pH of 4.60-4.81. In thisÂ location, there were 35 tree species (73 individuals) Â as supporting trees for D. draco to climb. The number of D. dracoâ€™s supporting trees and D. draco was not balanced, causing the death of D. draco in Jebak forest. Vegetation analyses showed that there were 51 tree species with diameter > 10 cm, consisting of 69 individuals. Pithecolobium saman had the highest importance value index (11) among all trees. There were also 33 tree species with diameter < 10 cm, consisting of 60 individuals. Pithecolobium saman also had the highest importance value index (20) in this group. Based on the interview, it is showed that the population of D. draco in Jebak forest declined because of illegal logging and forest encroachment.
Domestication or transformation? The ideology of Theatre for Development in Africa
Authors: Plastow Jane
Published: July 2014

This article explores the postcolonial history of Theatre for Development in Africa. It argues that a form that had been gradually developing as a socialist-inspired means of enabling people in Africa to discuss politics and social issues they saw as important was transformed from the mid-1980s into a largely instrumentalist tool for conveying information and messages determined by Western donor and African governments and international non-governmental organizations. The article discusses who currently controls the majority of cultural output related to Theatre for Development and some of the methodologies used. It deplores the widespread lack of skilled facilitators, the lack of evaluation of process, practice or impact, and the common practice of using Theatre for Development to tell people what outside agencies determine is good for them rather than engaging in dialogue or promoting the use of the arts to enable ordinary people to ‘speak to power’.
Design and Implementation of a Magnetic Levitation System Controller using Global Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Uswarman Rudi , Cahyadi Adha Iman , Wahyunggoro Oyas
Published: July 2014

This paper presents global sliding mode control and conventional sliding mode control for stabilization position of a levitation object. Sliding mode control will be robusting when in sliding mode condition. However, it is not necessarily robust at attaining phase. In the global sliding mode control, the attaining motion phase was eliminated, so that the robustness of the controller can be improved. However, the value of the parameter uncertainties needs to be limited. Besides that, the common problem in sliding mode control is high chattering phenomenon. If the chattering is too large, it can make the system unstable due the limited ability of electronics component. The strategy to overcome the chattering phenomenon is needed. Based on simulation and experimental results, the global sliding mode control has better performance than conventional sliding mode control.
CFD and Wind Tunnel Analysis for Mounted-Wind Turbine in a Tall Building for Power Generation
Authors: Sari Dany Perwita , Cho Kang-Pyo
Published: July 2014

A mounted wind turbine on the top of a tall building may provide high wind power in regions of high wind speed and low turbulence. The objective of this study is to evaluate wind speed on roof top models to optimize the wind turbine performance for power generation. Comparative analyses from three different roof top models were conducted. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and wind tunnel testing were performed to evaluate the performance of wind turbine. Wind speed on the building model with a geometric scale of 1:150 was measured in CFD simulation then it was validated in wind tunnel test. Results presented in this paper suggest that an increase of wind speed could be achieved with ¼ circular shapes around the rooftop which can provide additional wind speed of 55.24%, respectively.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Biogas Utilization as an Alternative Fuel
Authors: Devi Merry Indahsari , Ismail Kristian , Nur Arifin
Published: July 2014

This paper will discuss the feasibility and economic analysis of biogas energy as a supply for the diesel engine generator. The techno-economic analysis was performed by using three parameters which are Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) as the feasibility indicators of the biogas power plant project. Calculation of substitution was obtained from the comparison between data of diesel engine using diesel fuel and dual-fuel with biogas. Economic calculations include the substitution percentage of diesel fuel by biogas for dual-fuel. Meanwhile, the calculation of savings was based on the ratio of energy content between diesel fuel and biogas. The eventual outcome is determined using economic comparison between the use of diesel fuel and dual-fuel mode. Feasibility shows that the pilot plant of 1 to 6 kWh using diesel fuel and dual-fuel are not feasible while techno-economic parameter analysis shows that NPV`0, IRR`MARR, while PP is undefined. The biogas power plant project is feasible in some conditions such as there is no labor cost, and 5 and 6 kWh will be feasible under the assumption that expenses for machine maintenance is eliminated. However, even when applying both conditions where biogas is feasible, diesel fuel is still not.
Convergencias y divergencias de los discursos e imágenes de la inmigración en etapas de bonanza y de crisis
Authors: Cea D’Ancona Mª Ángeles , Valles Martínez Miguel S. , Eseverri Mayer Cecilia
Published: July 2014

En este artículo se presentan algunos de los resultados de dos investigaciones encadenadas. Ambas centradas en el estudio de la memoria migratoria y las formas de xenofobia informadas por autóctonos y foráneos en España. La primera hecha en una etapa de bonanza económica (2006-08); la segunda, en momentos de crisis (2010-12). En concreto, se sintetiza el análisis comparativo de los materiales cualitativos reunidos en ambos proyectos, que se acompaña del contraste aportado por los datos estadísticos, de encuesta y otras fuentes disponibles. El contexto actual de acentuada crisis económica y financiera ha supuesto una oportunidad investigadora para comprobar si el aumento de la competencia (por el empleo, las prestaciones y ayudas públicas) propicia el recrudecimiento de los discursos e imágenes negativas de la inmigración. Se revelan varias de las razones detrás de la formas de xenofobia y su reverso, las xenofilias, en las coordenadas de espacio y tiempo referidas.
Migración, integración y nacionalismo: reflexiones para una ciudadanía inclusiva
Authors: Lube Guizardi Menara
Published: July 2014

El presente texto reflexiona sobre el concepto de integraciónsocial, vinculándolo a los debates sobre ciudadanía en elmarco de Estados democráticos. Para esto, discutiremos cómo laideología de homogeneidad constitutiva en los Estados nacionalesmodernos ha impregnado el concepto de ciudadanía, condicionandouna relación intrínseca entre éste y los principios de libertade igualdad. Ejemplificaremos cómo los mecanismos de concesiónde la Tarjeta de Residencia y de nacionalización de migrantes enEspaña construyen fronteras nacionales que reinciden en estasconcepciones modernas de exclusión/inclusión a la nación. En lasconclusiones, apuntamos hacia un concepto de participación ciudadanarespaldado en la noción de consenso dialógico.
INCLUSÃO DUMA JOVEM COM SÍNDROME DO X FRÁGIL NO 2º CICLO DO ENSINO REGULAR PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias , Caetano Carina Sofia Filipa
Published: July 2014

Analisamos as dificuldades de inclusão duma aluna D, de 12 anos, portadora Síndrome X Frágil, que frequenta o 2º Ciclo do Ensino Básico do Agrupamento de Escola de Castelo Branco. Os objetivos orientaram-se à aplicação, na aula, de medidas educativas inclusivas, com estratégias e metodologias impostas no Currículo Educativo Individual. Utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa (estudo de caso), recorrendo à observação documental, naturalista e participante, questionário aos professores, entrevistas semiestruturadas (pré, pós) à professora de ensino especial e à encarregada de educação, triangulando os dados com as notas de campo. Os resultados confirmaram que a escola respeita a inclusão com recursos adequados. Os professores de apoio demostram boas práticas, informação adequada à síndrome e às necessidades de intervenção. Os pais revelam-se colaborativos, empenhados e envolvidos, realçando a proximidade com a escola e participação no processo de ensino-aprendizagem (contributo ao sucesso).http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i1.2657
ESCRITA E REESCRITA: A CONTINUIDADE DO LETRAMENTO PARA ALUNOS DO 4º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Colombo Silmara Regina
Published: July 2014

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar como alunos do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental aprimoram a linguagem escrita. A intervenção realizada baseou-se nas práticas de escrita como eixo estruturador do ensino de língua portuguesa visando ampliar as situações de letramento para além do que se refere à alfabetização inicial. O corpus analisado constitui-se de produções textuais de três alunos de uma escola pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo, realizadas em diferentes datas do ano letivo de 2013, possibilitando uma análise comparativa do progresso desses escritores iniciantes discutida à luz das fundamentações de Vygotsky e outros pesquisadores que figuram na bibliografia sobre o ensino de linguagem. Conclui-se que casos de encaminhamento ao atendimento psicológico, por se desviarem de um equivocado padrão normal de aprendizagem, são ocorrências esperadas no processo de aquisição da escrita e já estão devidamente explicadas nos estudos acadêmicos.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i1.2667
MEDICALIZAÇÃO SOCIAL E EDUCAÇÃO: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DA DETERMINAÇÃO SOCIAL DO PROCESSO SAÚDE-DOENÇA
Authors: De Almeida Melissa Rodrigues , Gomes Rogério Miranda
Published: July 2014

Nesse artigo buscamos realizar uma análise crítica do fenômeno da medicalização social e sua expressão na educação, utilizando-se do arcabouço científico-epistemológico da determinação social do processo saúde-doença. Em grande parte das elaborações atuais incorre-se à indústria farmacêutica o papel de principal determinante da medicalização. Porém, a ampliação da produção e consumo de atos, tecnologias e serviços de saúde, “esquadrinhando” cada dimensão da vida sob os ditames da biomedicina, é somente a manifestação mais visível de um processo mais complexo e profundo: o movimento de produção crescente de respostas no campo biomédico para manifestações de contradições sociais. Verificou-se que tal processo se apresenta também no campo da educação, por exemplo, ao buscar responder às necessidades de formação de indivíduos adaptados às atuais relações sociais.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i1.2728
CRIANÇAS DESATENTAS OU PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS SEM SENTIDO? RELAÇÕES ENTRE MOTIVO, SENTIDO PESSOAL E ATENÇÃO
Authors: Asbahr Flávia Da Silva Ferreira , Meira Marisa Eugênia Melillo
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para a análise do papel da atividade pedagógica na formação da atenção. Primeiramente, apresentaremos o conceito do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) analisando os critérios utilizados no seu diagnóstico. Analisaremos, também, o processo de constituição da atenção como função psicológica superior examinando sua relação com a estrutura da atividade pedagógica. Finalmente focaremos as relações entre os motivos da atividade, tendo como referência a estrutura da atividade proposta por Leontiev, e a formação da atenção, apresentando o conceito de ações geradoras de motivos de aprendizagem como uma ferramenta teórica que pode colocar o professor no papel ativo de produtor de motivos que levem os alunos a desenvolverem funções psicológicas superiores, entre elas a atenção. Desse modo nos contrapomos ao processo de medicalização trazendo o desafio de enfrentamento do desenvolvimento da atenção para o seu lócus verdadeiro, a escola.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i1.2735
TDAH: CONCEITOS VAGOS, EXISTÊNCIA DUVIDOSA
Authors: Viégas Lygia De Sousa , Felício de Oliveira Ariane Rocha
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem por objetivo criticar os discursos científicos que defendem a existência do Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) como doença neurobiológica de origem genética, e que, por conseguinte, apresentam propostas de diagnóstico e tratamento para crianças e adolescentes teoricamente portadores desse suposto transtorno. Para tanto, analisa um conjunto de publicações científicas sobre o tema, disponíveis no Scielo, banco de artigos científicos indexados de grande respeitabilidade, dando enfoque, sobretudo, ao campo da neurologia e da psicologia. As críticas sustentam-se a partir do debate em torno da medicalização da vida. Espera-se, com esse artigo, alimentar o debate sobre a educação medicalizada, contribuindo, assim, para sua superação.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i1.2736
MEDICALIZAÇÃO DAS DIFERENÇAS FUNCIONAIS – CONTINUISMOS NAS JUSTIFICATIVAS DE UMA EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL SUBORDINADA AOS DIAGNÓSTICOS
Authors: Angelucci Carla Biancha
Published: July 2014

Este artigo parte de um levantamento da literatura acadêmica sobre deficiência na base de dados SciElo que permite reconhecer a permanência da centralidade das preocupações em torno de estudos de causalidade e de estratégias de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. Hegemonicamente, o olhar que define a maneira como lidamos com a população com deficiência procura pelas ausências, pelas diferenças em relação a uma corporeidade dita normal. Apresento documentos legais internacionais e nacionais que permitem a compreensão da maneira como está organizado o serviço educacional destinado a esse segmento populacional e sua subordinação à lógica de produção de diagnósticos em Saúde. Discuto a alteração da terminologia deficiência por diferenças funcionais. Por fim, utilizando a distinção entre diferenças e o(a) diferente na escola, apresento um esboço de colaboração para um processo de escolarização a partir das diferenças humanas, não a despeito delas: o resgate das narrativas.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i1.2745
Willing to Pay More, Eager to Pay Less: The Role of Customer Loyalty in Price Negotiations
Authors: Wieseke Jan , Alavi Sascha , Habel Johannes
Published: July 2014

This article is the first to empirically examine the effect of customer loyalty in retail price negotiations. Across three field studies and one negotiation experiment, the authors establish what they call the “loyalty–discount cycle”: in price negotiations with salespeople, loyal customers receive deeper discounts that, in turn, increase customer loyalty, resulting in a downward spiral of a company's price enforcement. The reason for the positive effect of customer loyalty on discount is twofold: (1) loyal customers demand a reward for their loyalty and invoke their elevated perceived negotiation power, and (2) to retain loyal customers, salespeople grant discounts more willingly. Furthermore, the mechanisms are moderated by the basis of a customer's loyalty (price vs. quality) and the length of the relationship between the salesperson and the customer. To escape the loyalty–discount cycle, salespeople can use functional and relational customer-oriented behaviors. The study helps managers and salespeople optimize their price enforcement and servicing of loyal customers.
Emotional Ability Training and Mindful Eating
Authors: Kidwell Blair , Hasford Jonathan , Hardesty David M.
Published: July 2014

Consumers are often mindless eaters. This research provides a framework for how consumers can become more mindful of their food choices. To do so, the authors develop an ability-based training program to strengthen people's ability to focus on goal-relevant emotional information. They demonstrate not only that emotional ability (EA) is trainable and that food choices can be enhanced (Study 1) but also that EA training improves food choices beyond a nutrition knowledge training program (Study 2). In Study 3, the authors test a conceptual model and find that EA training increases goal-relevant emotional thoughts and reduces reliance on the unhealthy = tasty intuition. Both factors mediate mindful eating effects. Last, Study 4 demonstrates the long-term benefits of EA training by showing that emotionally trained people lose more weight in a three-month period than a control group and a nutrition knowledge training group. Together, these findings suggest that consumers can gain control of their food choices through the enhancement of EA. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for policy officials, health care professionals, and marketers.
Melodrama and Victorian Realist Fiction
Authors: Cunningham Valentine
Published: July 2014

This essay discusses melodrama as a mode of urban Victorian reality. Realist novels by Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy and George Eliot give much room to melodramatic moments in their emblematic plots and actions, Manichaean character depiction and theatrical description of spaces and places such as London streets, interiors of lodging houses, graveyards and underworlds, simply because Victorian reality being what it is means that to do realism is inevitably to do melodrama.
The Politics of Staging Emotions in Contemporary Bollywood Films: Aditya Chopra’s Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) and Karan Johar’s My Name is Khan (2010)
Authors: Neumann Birgit
Published: July 2014

The article examines how the staging of emotions in two recent Bollywood films affects socio-political configurations and modes of collective identification. Stressing the politics and sociality of emotions (cf. Ahmed 2004: 9), it is argued that representations of affect and emotion in Aditya Chopra’s Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) and Karan Johar’s My Name is Khan (2010) are central to engaging with the complexities of transcultural modernity. To the extent that circulating images address deterritorialised Indian audiences, they produce diasporic communities beyond traditional national and regional realms. The films’ ostentatious celebration of the morality of a fictional universe, which is both transculturally organised and steeped in traditional Indian values, addresses the cultural fragmentations and temporal discontinuities inevitably produced by globalisation. By means of their affective structure these Bollywood melodramas cater to the diasporic desire for belonging and construct a globalised version of Indian culture that embraces the transformative “dynamics of local agency” (Ashcroft 2012: 16).
On the creation of wall shear stress by helical flow structures in stented coronary vessels
Authors: Stiehm Michael , Brede Martin , Quosdorf Daniel , Leder Alfred
Published: July 2014

The post-operative situation in a stented vessel is characterised by struts which extend into the vessel lumen. These barriers on the surface provoke a topological change of the blood flow inducing flow deceleration and stagnation zones. Low values of wall shear stress (WSS) especially up- and downstream of the struts are found accordingly. Clinical studies correlate the occurrence of complications like restenosis and thrombosis with the alteration of the spatial WSS distribution. In this study 3D computational models were used to characterise the flow topology of three different stent types. For this purpose steady state simulations of the flow field within a simplified stented coronary artery were performed. The stent types differ in their strut patterns so that the variation of the induced flow structures can be observed. The aim of these investigations is to evaluate the effect of a purposeful flow control by altering the design of the struts. An improved alignment of the struts will be able to guide the flow to benefit the spatial WSS distribution. To compare the performance of the different stent types the size of the area charged with a WSS value below 0.5 Pa is used as a criterion. We will demonstrate that those strut pattern which generate helical flow structures significantly reduce the critical region of low WSS values.
„At Orientaleren skal tale som Orientaler…“ Zur Problematik von Form und Funktion „Jüdischen Sprechens“ in M. A. Goldschmidts En Jøde (1845/52)
Authors: Brandenburg Florian
Published: July 2014

This article examines the intricate functions of Jewish speech in Meïr Goldschmidt’s novel
Optimal Strategy for Management of Pituitary Disease in the Growth Hormone-Deficient Teenager
Authors: Monson John P.
Published: July 2014

The optimal treatment of chronic conditions spanning pediatric and adult clinical practice requires the establishment of clear and robust systems for managing the important period of transition of care. This principle is particularly relevant to the treatment of ongoing pituitary dysfunction after the achievement of final height and, in addition to the vital component of maintaining the confidence of the patient, encompasses a number of considerations that are particularly relevant to long-term health as an adult These considerations include the achievement of peak bone mass, optimization of gonadal steroid and glucocorticoid replacement, and determination of the need for continuing growth hormone replacement. It is therefore necessary to consider these issues not only from the standpoint of therapeutic principles but also in the context of practical arrangements for managing the process of transition of care. Successful transition can be achieved using a variety of models, and there is clearly no single preferable option. The most important ingredient in this process is awareness of the situation by both pediatric and adult endocrinologists as well as the development of an agreed strategy within each clinical center.
Knockout Mice Challenge Our Concepts of Glucose Homeostasis and the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kahn С. Ronald , Brüning Jens С. , Michael Μ. Dodson , Kulkarni Rohit N.
Published: July 2014

The failure of insulin to stimulate muscle glucose uptake and suppress hepatic glucose production represents two of the fundamental pathophysiologic lesions in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Defining insulin action at the molecular level, therefore, provides the critical background against which to elucidate the mechanisms of insulin resistance that underlie type 2 DM, obesity and many other disorders. Over the past two decades substantial progress has been made in identifying many of the molecular mechanisms involved in insulin signaling. Much of this progress has been due to the use of homologous recombinant gene targeting. The present review examines the various insights that have been provided by studies of knockout mice strains. Taken together, the results present the possibility of a unifying hypothesis for type 2 DM, in which insulin resistance in the ß-cell synergizes with insulin resistance in the periphery to produce the two classic defects of this disease: relative hypoinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: Pathophysiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Arslanian Silva A.
Published: July 2014

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been considered rare in the pediatric population. However, over the last decade, there has been a disturbing upswing in the rate of diagnosis of type 2 DM in the pediatric age group, mirroring the increasing rates of obesity in childhood. The pathophysiology of type 2 DM discussed in this article focuses on the delicate balance between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. The risk factors for youth-onset type 2 DM are presented, with careful evaluation of their impact on insulin sensitivity versus insulin secretion.
Estradiol: A Protective Factor in the Adult Brain
Authors: Wise Phyllis M.
Published: July 2014

Clinical studies suggest that estradiol acts as a protective factor in the adult brain. Postmenopausal women suffer from an increased risk of brain injury associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and estrogen replacement therapy appears to decrease the risk and severity of this neurodegenerative condition. Studies using animal models show that estradiol exerts similar effects in rodents and can enhance cell survival. Therefore, we designed experiments to determine whether estradiol treatment can decrease brain injury induced by an experimental model of ischemia. Our experiments used a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model and physiological levels of estradiol replacement therapy. The results demonstrate that estradiol exerts profound protective effects against ischemic brain injury induced by cerebral artery occlusion and that this protective action correlates with changes in the level of gene expression of estradiol receptors and members of the Bcl-2 family. These data suggest that estrogen replacement therapy may provide important protection against age- and diseaserelated degenerative processes in the brain.
Estrogen, Bone, Growth and Sex: A Sea Change in Conventional Wisdom
Authors: Grumbach Melvin M.
Published: July 2014

The discovery of a man with a homozygous mutation in the estrogen receptor α gene, which results in estrogen-receptor α resistance, and of males and females with autosomal recessive mutations in the CYP19 gene encoding aromatase, which leads to a failure to synthesize estrogens, has challenged conventional wisdom about the 'unimportant' role of estrogen in the male. For example, in the male, estrogen (not androgen), derived from direct testicular secretion (~20%) and from extragonadal aromatization of testosterone and androstenedione (~80%), is the critical sex hormone in the pubertal growth spurt, skeletal maturation, accrual of peak bone mass, and the maintenance of bone mass in the adult. Estrogen stimulates chondrogenesis in the epiphyseal growth plate increasing pubertal linear growth. At puberty, estrogen promotes skeletal maturation and the gradual, progressive closure of the epiphyseal growth plate, possibly as a consequence of both estrogen-induced vascular and osteoblastic invasion and the termination of chondrogenesis. In addition, during puberty and into the third decade, estrogen has an anabolic effect on the osteoblast and an apoptotic effect on the osteoclast, increasing bone mineral acquisition in axial and appendicular bone. In the adult, estrogen is important in maintaining the constancy of bone mass through its effects on remodeling and bone turnover. Establishing a role for estrogen does not exclude a direct action of testosterone on bone in the human male (especially on cortical bone), but this action is less characterized than thought in the past and is relatively minor in comparison with the major effect of estrogen in the male.
Human Aging and Progeria
Authors: Fossel Michael
Published: July 2014

The notion that all aging is ultimately cell aging is a novel hypothesis and one with growing support. Recent studies in genetics and cell biology are consistent with this view. Criticism of the model is largely reflective of inadequate understanding of both the model itself and human pathology. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is a segmental progeria that may well be an 'epigenetic mosaic' disease in which certain cell lines exhibit early cell senescence, while others are spared. The general cell senescence model of aging offers a consistent and elegant explanation of both human aging and progeria. More importantly, the model is not only testable but implies fundamental, novel and promising therapeutic avenues for both progeria and more typical age-related diseases.
The Lost Voice: A History of the Castrato
Authors: Jenkins John S.
Published: July 2014

Under the influence of testicular secretion, the male vocal cords increase in length by 67% in adult men compared with prepubertal boys, whereas in the female the increase is only 24%. This greater length and an increase in vocal cord mass is responsible for the lowering of pitch of the male voice during puberty. From the late 16th century, castration was carried out in Italy to preserve the unbroken male voice into adult life, but the high pitch was accompanied by fully grown resonating chambers and a large thoracic capacity, giving rise to the unique voice of the castrato. The initial stimulus for the production of castrati came from the Sistine Chapel in Rome, to provide singers for the complex church music of the time. The second reason was the coming of opera to Italy at the beginning of the 17th century. Boys were castrated between the ages of 7 and 9 years, and underwent a long period of voice training. A small number became international opera stars, of whom the most famous was Farinelli, whose voice ranged over three octaves. By the end of the 18th century, fashions in opera had changed so that the castrati declined except in the Vatican, where the Sistine Chapel continued to employ castrati until 1903. The last of the castrati was Alessandro Moreschi, who died in 1924 and made gramophone recordings that provide the only direct evidence of a castrato’s singing voice.
A Numerical Study of Spray Injected in a Gas Turbine Lean Pre-Mixed Pre-Vaporized Combustor
Authors: Amoresano Amedeo , Cameretti Maria Cristina , Tuccillo Raffaele
Published: July 2014

The authors have performed a numerical study to investigate the spray evolution in a modern gas turbine combustor of the Lean Pre-Mixed Pre-vaporized type. The CFD tool is able to simulate the injection conditions, by isolating and studying some specific phenomena. The calculations have been performed by using a 3-D fluid dynamic code, the FLUENT flow solver, by choosing the injection models on the basis of a comparative analysis with some experimental data, in terms of droplet diameters, obtained by PDA technique.

In a first phase of the investigation, the numerical simulation refers to non-evaporating flow conditions, in order to validate the estimation of the fundamental spray parameters. Next, the calculations employ boundary conditions close to those occurring in the actual combustor operation, in order to predict the fuel vapour distribution throughout the premixing chamber. The results obtained allow the authors to perform combustion simulation in the whole domain.
Diverse impacts of aging on insulin resistance in lean and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: evidence from 1345 women with the syndrome
Authors: Livadas Sarantis , Kollias Anastasios , Panidis Dimitrios , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia
Published: July 2014

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a moving spectrum of hormonal to metabolic abnormalities, as women with the syndrome are aging. Hormonal abnormalities, anovulation, and hyperandrogenic signs were predominant during the early years of PCOS and fade away with the years. Metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance (IR) remain throughout the PCOS life cycle; however, it is unclear as to how they change, as women with the syndrome are aging.

Objective

To evaluate the changes in IR and its associations with clinical, biochemical, hormonal, and ultrasound findings in a large cohort of women with PCOS and controls, as they are aging.

Design

A cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the diverse impacts of aging on IR.

Setting

An outpatient clinic was chosen for the study.

Participants

A total of 1345 women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) and 302 controls of Caucasian origin and Greek ethnicity comprised the study group.

Main outcome and measures

The impact of age on IR, as calculated using homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index, and several PCOS characteristics were evaluated.

Results

In PCOS, age (−0.045±0.008) was negatively, and BMI positively (0.18±0.007) associated with HOMA-IR (R2=0.36). When data were stratified with regard to the BMI status, a negative association of age with HOMA-IR was found in lean, normal, and overweight patients (r: −0.266, −0.233, −0.192, P<0.001), which was neutralized in obese patients (r: −0.009, P: NS). Free androgen index and BMI were positively associated with HOMA-IR in all age quartiles. When mean HOMA-IR values were plotted according to BMI subgroups at different age quartiles, a significant gradual decrease in HOMA-IR was observed in normal (P<0.001) and overweight (P: 0.004), but not obese, women (P: 0.202) across age quartiles.

Conclusions

Aging increases IR in obese but not in lean and overweight women with PCOS. As BMI and androgens are positively associated with HOMA-IR and androgens decline through time, it appears that if women with PCOS do not become obese they may exhibit a better metabolic profile during their reproductive years.