bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the scale gap: obtaining high-resolution stochastic simulations of gridded daily precipitation in a future climate
Authors: Yuan Qifen , Thorarinsdottir Thordis L. , Beldring Stein , Wong Wai Kwok , Xu Chong-Yu
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Climate change impact assessment related to floods, infrastructure networks, and water resource management applications requires realistic simulations of high-resolution gridded precipitation series under a future climate. This paper proposes to produce such simulations by combining a
weather generator for high-resolution gridded daily precipitation, trained on a historical observation-based gridded data product, with coarser-scale climate change information obtained using a regional climate model. The climate change information can be added to various components of the weather
generator, related to both the probability of precipitation as well as the amount of precipitation on wet days. The information is added in a
transparent manner, allowing for an assessment of the plausibility of the added information. In a case study of nine hydrological catchments in
central Norway with the study areas covering 1000–5500 km2, daily simulations are obtained on a 1 km grid for a period of
19 years. The method yields simulations with realistic temporal and spatial structures and outperforms empirical quantile delta mapping in terms
of marginal performance.
Preface: Linking landscape organisation and hydrological functioning: from hypotheses and observations to concepts, models and understanding
Authors: Jackisch Conrad , Hassler Sibylle K. , Hohenbrink Tobias L. , Blume Theresa , Laudon Hjalmar , McMillan Hilary , Saco Patricia , van Schaik Loes
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The link between landscape properties and hydrological functioning is the very foundation of hydrological sciences. The fundamental perception that landscape organisation and its hydrological and biogeochemical processes co-develop is often discussed. However, different landscape characteristics and hydrological processes interact in complex ways. Hence, the causal links between both are usually not directly deducible from our observations. So far no common concepts have been established to connect observations, properties and functions at and between different scales. This special issue hosts a broad set of original studies indicating the current state and progress in our understanding of different facets of dynamic hydrological systems across various scales. It is organised as a joint special issue in HESS and ESSD, with the purpose of providing the scientific insights in combination with the underlying data sets and study design. While the individual studies contribute to distinct aspects of the link between landscape characteristics and hydrological functioning, it remained difficult to compile their specific findings to more general conclusions. In this preface, we summarise the contributions. In the search for ways to synthesise these individual studies to the overall topic of linking landscape organisation and hydrological functioning, we suggest four major points how this process could be facilitated in the future: (i) formulating clear and testable research hypotheses, (ii) establishing appropriate sampling designs to test these hypotheses, (iii) fully providing the data and code, and (iv) clarifying and communicating scales of observations and concepts as well as scale transfers.
UAV survey method to monitor and analyze geological hazards: the case study of the mud volcano of Villaggio Santa Barbara, Caltanissetta (Sicily)
Authors: Brighenti Fabio , Carnemolla Francesco , Messina Danilo , De Guidi Giorgio
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Active geological processes often generate a ground surface response such as uplift, subsidence and faulting/fracturing. Nowadays remote sensing represents a key tool for the evaluation and monitoring of natural hazards. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in relation to observations of natural hazards encompasses three main stages: pre- and post-event data acquisition, monitoring, and risk assessment. The mud volcano of Santa Barbara (Municipality of Caltanissetta, Italy) represents a dangerous site because on 11 August 2008 a paroxysmal event caused serious damage to infrastructures within a range of about 2 km. The main precursors to mud volcano paroxysmal events are uplift and the development of structural features with dimensions ranging from centimeters to decimeters. Here we present a methodology for monitoring deformation processes that may be precursory to paroxysmal events at the Santa Barbara mud volcano. This methodology is based on (i) the data collection, (ii) the structure from motion (SfM) processing chain and (iii) the M3C2-PM algorithm for the comparison between point clouds and uncertainty analysis with a statistical approach. The objective of this methodology is to detect precursory activity by monitoring deformation processes with centimeter-scale precision and a temporal frequency of 1–2 months.
Tolerance of soil bacterial community to tetracycline antibiotics induced by As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb pollution
Authors: Santás-Miguel Vanesa , Núñez-Delgado Avelino , Álvarez-Rodríguez Esperanza , Díaz-Raviña Montserrat , Arias-Estévez Manuel , Fernández-Calviño David
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The widespread use of both heavy metals and antibiotics in livestock farming and their subsequent arrival on agricultural soils through manure/slurry spreading has become a problem of vital importance for human health and the environment. In the current research, a laboratory experiment was carried out for 42 days to study co-selection for tolerance of three tetracycline antibiotics (tetracycline, TC; oxytetracycline, OTC; chlortetracycline, CTC) in soils polluted with heavy metals (As, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr and Pb) at high concentration levels (1000 mg kg−1 of each one, separately). Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) of the bacterial community was estimated using the leucine incorporation technique. The Log IC50 (logarithm of the concentration causing 50 % inhibition in bacterial community growth) values obtained in uncontaminated soil samples for all the heavy metals tested showed the following toxicity sequence: Cu > As > Cr ≥ Pb ≥ Cd > Zn > Ni. However, in polluted soil samples the toxicity sequence was: Cu > Pb ≥ As ≥ Cd ≥ Cr ≥ Ni ≥ Zn. Moreover, at high metal concentrations the bacterial communities show tolerance to the metal itself, this taking place for all the metals tested in the long term. The bacterial communities of the soil polluted with heavy metals showed also long-term co-tolerance to TC, OTC, and CTC. This kind of studies, focusing on the eventual increases of tolerance and co-tolerance of bacterial communities in agricultural soil, favored by the presence of other pollutants, is of crucial importance, mostly bearing in mind that the appearance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria could be transmitted to human pathogens.
Comparative study between usage of medicine containing a mixture of Dapoxetine and Tadalafil with the usage of these drugs separately in treatment of rapid ejaculation
Authors: Albu-Salih Anis Hasan H.
Published: September 2021

A study was conducted on 58 patients aged from 18-63 years old, they suffering from rapid ejaculation and all their Intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) were less than 2 minutes. This study done at Erectile dysfunction unit in Al-Muthana teaching hospital for a period of 1 month (March/2019). The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: Patient received 30 mg of Dapoxetine 1hr before coitus and 10 mg of Tadalafil 30 min before coitus. Group 2: Patient received Dapoxetine 20 mg + Tadalafil 10 mg mixed in one tablet 1 hr before coitus. The result of our study revealed that the IELT before treatment was less than 2 minutes in both groups, after treatment the IELT increased significantly (P≤0.05) in group 1 and group 2 (337.9±3.72 and 222.4±2.88 seconds) respectively. The IELT in group 1 was increased significantly (P≤0.05) compared to IELT in group 2 after treatment. In conclusion, the administration of Dapoxetine before 1 hr. of coitus and Tadalafil 30 min. before coitus (G1) gave a good results in increasing of IELT as compared to mixture of these drugs in one tablet.
Clinical patterns of cerebral palsy with complications and neurodisabilities associated with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ghali Anmar jumaa , Al-Majmae Khalid Ayad , Nabat Ahmed Adnan
Published: September 2021

Cerebral palsy was a primary neuromotor disorder that affects the development of movement, muscular tone and posture due to injury to the developing brain in prenatal, natal, or post-natal period. cp is non progressive disease but it is changeable features with period. The objective of this study is to identify clinical types of cerebral palsy and neuro-disabilities associated with cerebral palsy patient. Data (2019-2020) on 100 children of cerebral palsy in central teaching hospital in Baghdad analysis include clinical patterns of cerebral palsy and topographic classification of spastic cerebral palsy. also, the complication and neurological disabilities associated with cerebral palsy. In this analysis found most of cerebral palsy patients (84%) were spastic according to topographic classification, (47%) of spastic cerebral palsy was diplegic type. (29%) quadriplegic cerebral palsy and (8%) of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. About neurological complication and disabilities associated with cerebral palsy, (79%) of cerebral palsy patients had speech disturbance. (53%) had epilepsy, (43%) Micro acephaly, (32%) of patients had growth retardation, (29 %) had ocular problems, and (15%) of cerebral palsy patients had mental retardation. In conclusions; the most common type of cerebral palsy was spastic cerebral palsy & according to a topographic classification diplegic spastic cerebral palsy was the most common type of Spastic cerebral palsy. About neurodisabilities associated with cerebral palsy, the most common disabilities were speech disturbance and epilepsy.
Infectious Diseases and Anesthesia in Children
Authors: Kara Duygu , Gürsoy Feray
Published: September 2021

Due to vaccination and better socioeconomic conditions, childhood infectious diseases have dramatically decreased in recent years. Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are common childhood infection diseases. Although most of the upper respiratory tract infections are usually self-limited and resolve within 7-10 days, some patients have persistent symptoms for more than 3-4 weeks. Presence of both respiratory comorbidities and recent RTI can be independent predictors for adverse events during anesthesia. A RTI can increase the risk of perioperative respiratory complications from 2-7 times, hence postponement of anesthesia for elective surgeries for several weeks is applied in daily practice. The complications are most frequent during an active respiratory infection, however, bronchial hyper-reactivity can persist for 6 weeks or more even after the disappearance of clinical symptoms. In general, signs of an active lower respiratory infection, and presence of a systemic illness should warrant canceling an elective procedure. Minimum 2 weeks, up to 6 weeks of interval is advised. The potential risks of RTIs during the perioperative period lead to the cancellation of elective procedures until at least being asymptomatic. This cancellation can have important social, economic, and emotional consequences for both the child, his/her family, and the medical team. In general, signs of an active lower respiratory infection, and presence of a systemic illness should warrant canceling an elective procedure.
A consensus guideline derived from multidisciplinary points of view can provide a detailed and valid algorithm for especially challenging cases. In addition, ongoing exclusive educational and training programs could aid the clinicians in their everyday practice.
THE STUDY OF GERMAN LANGUAGE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Mirzaeva Mukhayyo
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to analyses of the most important Kinds of Phraseologisms, their way of formation and function, and linguistic connection with European language groups. The formation of a holistic meaning based on the semantic shift of the entire component composition of a phraseological unit is a common feature of phraseological unity. The syntactic structure of these phraseological units can have several varieties, among which the phrase is especially typical. Research methods. However, the demotivation of phraseological unity does not affect either its expressiveness or its functional and stylistic affiliation. The meaning of such units, formed on the basis of a rethinking of a variable word combination, has absolute expressiveness, i.e. it is expressive regardless of the context. It exists in connection with the given material composition of the phraseological unit also in the case when that figurative core, which served as the basis for the motivation of phraseological units, gradually weakens and darkens. Consequently, the sound composition of demotivated phraseological units (idioms) is perceived by the speaker as a certain verbal complex, which has a traditionally fixed meaning, expressiveness and functional and stylistic affiliation. Results and discussions. The productive nature of paired phraseological units is confirmed by the presence of a number of productive structural types.
Aesthetic phenomenon of the reader in Givi Margevlashvili's prose (Who "is a reader")
Authors: Simonishvili Mari
Published: September 2021

The main characteristic of Georgian postmodernism has become metaprose or the principle of double coding - text within text, in which the effect is achieved in the form of linguistic games. When we talk about Georgian postmodernism, the greatest innovator is the famous German-speaking Georgian author Givi Margvelashvili. His work is a peculiar expression of postmodern aesthetics and deserves special attention, since his works have not been properly researched in terms of the deconstruction of classical texts.Givi Margvelashvili, in fact, lived under two dictatorships - fascism and communism. A family sacrificed to repression ... Spending the best years of life under pressure ... Constant persecution and harassment ... After all this, the writer's words that he is the protagonist of his book and has a flat in the book alone, intensifies the sense of the logic of fate.The subject of the Georgian postmodernist author's passion is the concept of the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, according to which we do not draw dots, but draw lines. This means that literary characters are not even "buried" in their own texts, but they also run away from the texts. This phrase will probably be used as a starting point for Givi Margvelashvili's prose - Stop death in the texts! Considering the Kantian maxims, he is sincere with the reader and offers us the highest principle, the observance of which would be desirable of a universal nature. His prose is a text of the text, a metaphor, he calls himself an ontotext and believes that the characters in the book are determined by the same lyrical characters, they try their hand at the reader and can do nothing but what the author himself has determined. Margvelashvili becomes the savior of the book's characters, studies their existence and believes that people are defined by the text. The purpose of this paper is to show what kind of readers the audience of Margvelashvili's characters has, who the reader is in his understanding, what metaphorical attitudes the latter offers and what is the dichotomy of the relationship between the reader and the book characters.
Innovation - an Important Condition for the Formation of a Competitive Economy
Authors: Rinkiashvili Nana
Published: September 2021

One of the most important conditions for the development of the Georgian economy and its successful integration into the world economic space is to focus on the development of innovations and, as a result, to form a competitive economy. At present, the innovative climate in Georgia is not favorable for the formation of a competitive economy. There is no unified innovative state policy, weak innovation infrastructure, limited innovation market and normal economic stimulus to manage these processes. Financial difficulties, lack of proper guarantees in the industrial field and difficulties in creating modern and especially in high-tech production area, unstable pace of development further reduced the interest in innovative activities and led to its gradual decline. As a result, Georgia ranks 74th place among 141 countries in the Competitiveness Index. In the modern global space, the development of innovative potential is an important condition for the formation of a competitive economy of the country. In the article we focused on some of the problems of innovative development and its solution. The competitiveness potential of the country is analyzed, the role of the state in the formation of a competitive economy through the development of innovations is given.
Traditional and New Sports Terms For the Validity of Modern Understanding
Authors: Danelia Vaja
Published: September 2021

Over time, along with the world, language also evolves and changes. In order to save time and effort, people simplify their speech, often deliberately making changes in the language to achieve a special effect. In this respect, sport stands out in the first place, as it is an important factor in strengthening national unanimity, interpersonal relations and international cooperation. In the process of globalization, sport is becoming more international, getting closer to the representatives of different countries. These relations, of course, are reflected in the sports vocabulary of this or that language, so the language of sports has become one of the most intensively developing lexical systems,In the creation-borrowing and establishment-dissemination of sports terms in the 20s and 70s of the last century, more attention was paid to Georgian terminology. From the 90s of the 20th century, foreign vocabulary prevailed, Will.In recent years, a large number of sports journalists and commentators have chosen the easy way out - using cooking terms or slang instead of word production, indicating the international nature of the sport. The main reasons for the intervention of the Anglicans are the Internet, the culture and sport of pop music, as well as socio-psychological factors. For some, foreign vocabulary is perceived as superior to native. As if it is related to reading and learning, so speech containing foreign words is considered more socially prestigious. However, borrowing is justified only when the borrowed word fills in the missing realities of the language. However, it is not necessary to translate words for that. It is better to use the richest possibilities of Georgian language word production. This should be especially taken into account by sports journalists and commentators, as their speech has a contagious power and even poses a risk of unintentional imitation or infection.
Aspects of Teaching the Georgian Language to Non-Georgian Speakers
Authors: Gvenetadze Guram
Published: September 2021

Socialization of students, their proper preparation for professional activities exactly corresponds to the spirit of the Bologna Process. That is why it became the basis for our learning process. Besides, our frenetic aspiration to integrate into the Euro-Atlantic space obliges us to follow the mentioned activity. Therefore, it is absolutely clear that we have already established a new scientific field – communicology. The eminent scholars, such as professors of Georgian Technical University Temur Jagodnishvili and Ivane Jagodnishvili laid the firm foundation for the development of the mentioned field. The books published by them: "Oral Communication," "Written and Oral Communication," "Academic Writing" or other textbooks are of the same level as the works of European and Russian textual critics, where the authors' concepts, findings, and methods establish the requirements of the modernity at a high scientific level. In the process of teaching the Georgian language, we pay special attention to the use of specific elements of non-Georgian speakers; for instance, determining the ways of language development and its management, clarifying the issue of language prestige, specifying its role in determining nationality, finding and establishing valid language policy models.
Pandemic and Teaching the Georgian Literature (Developing emotional intelligence)
Authors: Taboridze Elene
Published: September 2021

Since 2020 our planet is facing a huge danger named pandemic Covid-19. This latter seems like is tempting the humankind, reminding that besides technological miracles exist other significant factors necessary for prolonging and supporting the life on earth. Human moral values, like empathy, solidarity, helping those in needed, that were temporarily shifted back to the foreground now naturally moved back to surface. And these highly moral people gifted with such features (mainly medics and volunteers) are fighting against the virus and saving the lives all around the world. Simultaneously, importance and necessity of controlling and managing human emotions in adequate directions have aroused. Thus, emotional intelligence is attracting significant attention, it is the main and necessary background for creating everything that is valuable for humanity.Either our native country is facing and is fighting against pandemic, the country which is situated on the cross of East-West worlds, the country with enriched and ancient history and culture. After gaining the state independence important institutional branch like educational system was under refining and reforming processes when pandemic as a challenge came upon. Because of latter situation it is of great importance that new vectors and tendencies featured in contemporary worldwide educational systems should be promptly reflected on our educational system as well.By the author’s opinion, main attention should be focused on establishment of highly moral values and emotion controlling issues, especially to an education process of young people born and rising in digitalized epoch. The art, and principally literature, should make significant contribution towards this direction.In this article some processes and changes made in educational system at schools are discussed and criticized from above stated position; are mentioned and emphasized the centuries-old traditions of preaching humanism, compassion and tolerance in Georgian literature; our literature’s possibilities of teaching in terms of the development of emotional intelligence in adolescents are analyze.
Identification of Literacy Teaching Methods in Georgian Methodological Literature
Authors: Maglakelidze Elene
Published: September 2021

One of the main and key issues of language mastery is the study of literacy in this language. The issues of identification and classification of literacy teaching methods have always been in the center of attention in the Georgian methodological literature. All methods used in teaching Georgian literacy can be conditionally divided into three groups: a) synthetic (modern terms: ascending, phonetic), b) analytical (ascending), c) analytical-synthetic (descending-ascending, balanced).Observation of the learning process shows that the selection and effectiveness of the teaching method of the alphabet is primarily determined by the nature-structure of this language. Thus, blindly transcribing it blindly from another language is totally unjustified.
TANTANGAN INDUSTRI PENERBITAN BUKU DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI INDUSTRI KREATIF DALAM MENGARUNGI ERA DIGITALISASI DAN PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Al Azis Muhammad Rachdian
Published: September 2021

Industri Kreatif adalah salah satu sektor yang dapat terus bertahan dari getah pahit pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan data yang disampaikan oleh Focus Economy Outlook 2020, industri kreatif di Indonesia menyumbang lebih dari Rp.1.000 triliun terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia pada tahun 2020. Di lain sisi sebagai bagian dari industri kreatif, penerbitan buku mengalami perkembangan dan menghadapi tuntutan perubahan di era digitalisasi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis memaparkan tantangan industri penerbitan buku di Indonesia dalam mengarungi era serba digitalisasi sehingga kemudian dapat ditelaah solusi atas masalah dasar yang mesti dihadapi. Ditambah adanya situasi pandemi Covid-19 yang memiliki dampak terhadap ekonomi tak hanya di Indonesia, bahkan juga di seluruh negara di belahan mana pun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode kajian literatur. Tantangan industri penerbitan dalam era digitalisasi ini bukan hanya minat baca masyarakat Indonesia yang terhitung rendah, juga masa resesi dan tidak sedikit masyarakat yang dirumahkan karena imbas pembatasan sosial hasil respon pencegahan penularan covid 19 yang tengah melanda dunia. Sebagai saran bagi para pelaku penerbitan buku agar dapat bertahan dengan era digitalisasi perlu adanya transformasi untuk menghadapi perkembangan dan perubahan di dalamnya, mulai dari produk, layanan, model bisnis, sampai ranah pemasaran dan target pasarnya.
La Iglesia en el pensamiento de Paul Tillich
Authors: Garrido Sanz Alfonso
Published: September 2021

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Lectura crítica de los catecismos de Astete y Ripalda (II)
Authors: Resines Llorente Luis
Published: September 2021

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Sobre la enseñanza de la Filosofía
Authors: Cancelo José Luis
Published: September 2021

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Lectura crítica de los catecismos de Astete y Ripalda (III)
Authors: Resines Llorente Luis
Published: September 2021

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Misterio de Cristo, historia de la Salvación, cristocentrismo
Authors: Cuenca Coloma Juan Manuel
Published: September 2021

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Wertschätzung zeigen und erfahren
Authors: Huber Stephan Gerhard , Paula Mork
Published: September 2021

Wertschätzung ist eine grundlegende berufsethische Prämisse im schulischen Bildungskontext und in­tegraler Bestandteil von pädagogischem Handeln schlechthin. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt Mitar­beitenden an Schulen und im Schul- und Bildungssystem in ihrer (gesellschaftlichen) Aufgabe der Si­cherung und Weiterentwicklung der Qualität von Bildung mit dem Ziel, Kinder und Jugendliche best­möglich in ihrer Persönlichkeitsentwicklung in einem sozialen Zusammenhang zu fördern, eine bedeu­tende Rolle zu. Im Rahmen ihrer Funktion, Rolle und Aufgaben und vor dem Hintergrund ihrer Qualifi­kationen, Motivationen, Kompetenzen, der Rahmenbedingungen und der schulspezifischen Situation leisten sie einen wichtigen Beitrag in diesem Bildungsprozess.
Epistemological Assumption: Understanding Protein Polysaccharide Complexes in Improving Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Alzahrani Qushmua , Pinto Luciano
Published: September 2021

Embracing the philosophical condition of epistemology in research has led to identifying and understanding the meaning and nature of diabetes and the use of protein-polysaccharides complexes in the treatment of diabetes. The research approach is purely qualitative; thereby, postmodern epistemological assumptions were made from the theory of knowledge on diabetes, its conditions and symptoms, effects, protein and polysaccharides characteristics. The research develops knowledge on using protein-polysaccharides obtained mainly from plant species like mushrooms and pumpkins generated from credible and valid knowledge connected from observable justification, beliefs and truths from scholarly material. In the process, knowledge has been created identifying that protein-polysaccharides complexes contain polysaccharides that have proven to possess hypoglycaemic activity that reduces hyperglycaemia leading to an increase in insulin secretion and reduction of blood glucose.
Study the Ways of Dealing with the Family Rules and Family Teachings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Authors:   School of Marxism, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, China, Li Junjie
Published: September 2021

The genealogy of the Ming and Qing Dynasties pays great attention to teaching some methods of dealing with affairs to descendants, in order to pursue the harmony of the family. Through the analysis of the family rules of the Ming and Qing Dynasties related to the way of doing things, such as being kind, safe life, cautious words and deeds, generous and humble, to explore the way of doing things at that time, to give some enlightenment to people in today's society.
Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Tax Avoidance in China
Authors:   Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, Chen Tong , Mohamed Saat Maisarah ,   Azman Hashim International Business School, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Published: September 2021

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has aroused heated discussion in recent years. The public generally believe that the enterprises with good CSR performance will not be involved in aggressive tax avoidance issues. However, as several famous socially responsible technology companies were found to be involved in aggressive tax avoidance, the association between those two variables has been doubted. This paper analyzes the effect of CSR on tax avoidance with the evidence of Chinese listed companies from 2016 to 2020. The finding is that good CSR performance leads to an increase in effective tax rate. In other words, the higher the CSR report score, the higher tax payment and the lower tendency in tax avoidance.
A Positive Psychology Perspective on Stimulating Foreign Language Learning Motivation
Authors:   College of Foreign Studies, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China, Teng Liyuan
Published: September 2021

Motivation is the most direct factor affecting learning initiative. Previous studies on learning motivation have paid enough emphasis on how to reduce the negative effects of demotivation factors, while positive internal and external factors influencing learning motivation have not been drawn sufficient attention. Positive psychology is a psychological trend of studying positive aspects such as human strength and virtue, and advocates taking the perspective of “whole person” to focus the learning achievements and individual well-being of foreign learners. Based on positive psychology, this paper discusses how to stimulate foreign language learning motivation from the aspects of positive emotional experience, positive individual traits and positive institutions, which provides new ideas and implications for the related study on language teaching.
Türkiye’ de İşlem Gören Firmaların Sukuk Verileri ile Karşılaştırmalı Zaman Serisi Analizi
Authors: YİĞİTER Şule Yüksel , SARI Salim Sercan , BAŞAKIN Eyyup Ensar
Published: September 2021

İslami finans düzeni içerisinde sukuk son zamanlarda hızlı bir gelişme gösteren yapı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Müslüman ülkelerde ortaya çıkan ve tüm dünyada giderek yaygınlaşan sukuk, bu alanda çalışmak isteyen finans uzmanlarına birçok yeni çalışma alanı sunmaktadır. Genel olarak sukuk, İslamiyet’in ilk zamanlarında, ticari ilişkilerin düzenlenmesi adına bir takım alışveriş usullerini kapsayan finansal bir kavramdır. Ülkemizde sukuk ihracı yapan işletmelerden 5 tanesi çalışmamızda ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada işlem gören bu şirketlerin fiyat verileri kullanılarak, gelecekte olması düşünülen fiyat değerleri tahmin edilmiştir. Bu tahmin kapsamında şirketler arası korelasyonlardan yola çıkarak en iyi ilişkiye sahip 3 şirket belirlenerek, gelecekte olması muhtemel fiyat değerleri tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada Bulanık Mantık yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tahminler istatistiksel başarı kriterleri olan hata kareleri ortalaması (HKO) ve verimlilik katsayısı(VK) yardımıyla test edilmiştir. Bulanık Mantık yöntemlerinin sukuk verilerinde kullanılması ile ilk olma özelliği taşıyan bu çalışmada, Bulanık Mantık yönteminin finans problemleri için uygunluğu bir kez daha kanıtlanmıştır.
Bir Yükseköğretim Kurumunda Örgütsel Gücün Etik İklim ve Etik Liderlik ile İlişkisi
Authors: YOĞURTCU Burcu , K GÜNGÖR Semra
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırma örgütsel gücün etik iklim ve etik liderlik ile ilişkisini tespit etmeye yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örgütsel Güç Ölçeği, Etik İklim Ölçeği ve Etik Liderlik Ölçeği Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan 529 akademisyene uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS 25 istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Verilere betimsel istatistikler, güvenirlik testi, korelasyon, çoklu regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre, örgütsel güç ile etik iklim ve etik liderlik arasında olumlu ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ödül gücü, meşru güç, uzmanlık gücü, karizmatik güç ve bilgi gücü ile etik iklim ve etik liderlik arasında olumlu ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak zorlayıcı güç ile etik iklim ve etik liderlik arasında herhangi bir ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Karizmatik güç, bilgi gücü ve uzmanlık gücü etik iklimi ve etik liderliği yordamaktadır. Yöneticilerin akademisyenlerin etik iklim ve etik liderlik algı düzeylerini arttırmaları için karizmatik güç, bilgi gücü ve uzmanlık gücünü etkili bir biçimde kullanmaları önerilmektedir.
Türkçe Öğretmeni Adaylarının Canlı Ders Etkileşim Düzeyi ile Ekran Okuma Özyeterlikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ELKIRAN Yusuf Mete
Published: September 2021

Bu araştırmada Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının canlı ders etkileşim düzeyleri ile ekran okuma öz yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’nin batısındaki bir devlet üniversitesinin Türkçe öğretmenliği programındaki 210 öğretmen adayının yanıtları toplanmıştır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Canlı Ders Etkileşim Düzeyi Belirleme Ölçeği” ve “Ekran Okuma Öz Yeterlik Algı Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri ile Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis H-testi analizleri kullanılmıştır. Analizler doğrultusunda Türkçe eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının canlı ders etkileşim düzeyleri ile ekran okuma öz yeterliklerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet, sınıf, akademik başarı ve internette geçirilen süre değişkenlerine göre canlı ders etkileşim düzeyleri ile ekran okuma öz yeterliklerinde anlamlı fark görülmüştür. Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının canlı ders etkileşim düzeyleri ile ekran okuma öz yeterlikleri arasında zayıf düzeyde, pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Immobilizing Bacillus subtilis on the carrier of poly (acrylic acid)/sodium bentonite for treating sludge from Pangasius fish ponds
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Duoc , Doan Binh , Pham Thi Thu Hong
Published: September 2021

Sodium bentonite (NaBent) was modified by poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) to prepare the carriers for immobilization of Bacillus subtilis. Different mixtures of NaBent/AAc were regularly dispersed in distilled water and irradiated under gamma rays at an absorbed dose of 6.5 kGy with dose rate of 0.85 kGy/hr in air for polymerization of acrylic acid and formation of poly(acrylic acid)/sodium bentonite (PAAc–NaBent). The reaction yield was determined with the initial concentration of acrylic acid (AAc). The functional group properties of the resulting PAAc–NaBent were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR). Bacillus subtilis cells were immobilized on both NaBent and PAAc–NaBent as carriers by adsorption method for treating the sludge contaminated by fish feces and residual feed from the Pangasius farming ponds. The results showed that immobilization capacity of Bacillus subtilis on the PAAc–NaBent was better than that on non-modified NaBent. Analysis of BOD for the farming pond water containing Bacillus subtilis and the bacteria immobilized carriers with time revealed the lower BOD values obtained with the samples containing PAAc–NaBent, suggested that degradation of organic pollutants by Bacillus subtilis immobilized on the PAAc–NaBent was faster than that by free bacteria.
Susceptibilidad geomorfológica a movimientos de masa en el centro – norte del Distrito Central, Honduras
Authors: García Reynaud Javier , Martínez Sosa Heydi
Published: September 2021

Se seleccionaron 5 variables geomorfológicas (pendientes, litología, vertientes, escarpes y fallas) por su potencial condicionante de movimientos de masa en un sector del centro – norte del Distrito Central, Honduras, con una densidad de deslizamientos 4 veces superior al promedio municipal, para generar un análisis de susceptibilidad basado en la aplicación de herramientas SIG, estereoscopía de fotografías aéreas, levantamientos de litología y fallas, datos de sensores remotos y visitas de campo. Se realizó un Proceso de Jerarquía Analítica (AHP) para determinar pesos para cada variable, encontrándose la priorización siguiente: (1) pendientes, con peso AHP de 42.9%; (2) litología, con peso AHP de 27.0%; (3) vertientes, con peso AHP de 13.5%; (4) escarpes con peso AHP de 6.5% y (5) fallas con peso AHP de 3.7%, para las que se obtuvo un radio de consistencia de 1.9% (1.9% <10%). Se construyó un mapa de susceptibilidad basado en los pesos establecidos para las variables. Se encontró la siguiente distribución de superficie por valor de susceptibilidad: (1) Superficie en alta susceptibilidad, 30.32%; (2) superficie en media susceptibilidad, 39.84% y (3) superficie en baja susceptibilidad, 29.84%. Se observó la distribución de los movimientos de masa documentados para la región estudiada, encontrándose un 52.63% del total de deslizamientos en superficies de susceptibilidad alta; 43.86% en superficies de susceptibilidad media y 3.51% en superficies de susceptibilidad baja. Se calcularon coeficientes de Spearman que determinaron una fuerte correlación (rho=.99, S = .50362, p=.0003091) entre nivel de susceptibilidad generado por el modelo y cantidad de deslizamientos en el área estudiada.
Desindustrialização relativa no Brasil: um balanço por intensidade tecnológica e setores da indústria de transformação no século XXI
Authors: Colombo Arthur Osvaldo , Felipe Ednilson Silva , Sampaio Daniel Pereira
Published: September 2021

Este artigo analisa, à luz das vertentes de pensamento da desindustrialização no Brasil, a possível existência de desindustrialização relativa por intensidade tecnológica e em setores da indústria de transformação. Entende por desindustrialização relativa i) redução do conteúdo nacional pelo conteúdo importado e ii) substituição do produto final nacional pelo produto importado. A partir da análise de dados e indicadores conclui-se que existem sinais de que a presença destes tipos de desindustrialização que afetam as dinâmicas internas e externas e atingem, principalmente, setores de média-alta e alta intensidade tecnológica.
Federalismo fiscal e finanças públicas municipais potiguares: uma análise entre 2008/2014
Authors: E Silva William Gledson , Da Silva Ferreira Francisco Danilo , Farias Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

: Este artigo teve o objetivo de analisar, comparativamente, o impacto das diferentes fontes de receitas e gastos sobre o hiato de recursos municipal do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), no período 2008/2014. Metodologicamente, usou-se uma revisão de literatura acerca dos conceitos de federalismo fiscal e finanças municipais, além da mensuração dos resultados da pesquisa através do modelo de dados em painel estático. O artigo demonstrou que os anos 2008/2011 apontaram condições fiscais melhores, comparativamente ao período 2012/2014 em relação aos municípios potiguares, cuja crise de 2008, provavelmente, repercutiu sua força anos mais tarde e este contexto provocou, tendencialmente, a instabilidade política após 2014 no Brasil.
The #EndSARS protest, corruption and insecurity debates in Nigeria
Authors:   Gindiri Theological Seminary, Gindiri (In Affiliation with University Of Jos), Dami Caleb Danjuma ,   Faculty of Theology,  Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Published: September 2021

The mass protest to end the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (known as the #EndSARS protest) was a decentralized social movement and series of mass protests against police brutality in Nigeria. The protest started in 2017 as a Twitter campaign using the hash tag #ENDSARS to demand the disbanding of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad. This paper argues that the #EndSARS protest in Nigeria was a microcosmic manifestation of the deeply rooted dissatisfaction of Nigerians with the social, economic and political situation of the country. Data was collected using secondary sources such as internet material, journal, research reports and textbooks, and were analyzed using the expository and analytical method of inquiry, the paper demonstrates that the protest was just the avenue the Nigerian youths got to ventilate their frustration, disappointment and anger with the government. The paper asserts that nepotism, tribalism, insecurity and corruption are the underlying issues that fuelled the protest. Restructuring and resource control, which underline the gross inequality in Nigeria, are other current debates that gave rise to the protest. Following the analysis, the paper concludes that nepotism, tribalism, insecurity and corruption are the bane of Nigeria’s economic, political and social ill.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP - HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL AND METOPROLOL SUCCINATE IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Jadhav S. B. , Kunjir V. V , Kupkar S. K. , Chaudhari P. D. ,   Dept. of Pharmaceutical Chemistry P. E. Society’s Modern College of Pharmacy Nigdi, Pune-411044, Maharashtra.
Published: September 2021

A simple, specific, accurate and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of olmesartan medoxomil and metoprolol succinate in tablet dosage form. A Phenomenex-C18, 5 mcm column 250 mm 4.6 mm in gradient mode, with mobile phase containing phosphate buffer, acetonitrile and methanol in proportion of 65:35 v/v, pH 5.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid were used. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, and effluent was monitored at 254 nm.The retention time of olmesartan medoxomil and metoprolol succinate were 8.02 and 5.36 min respectively, and the resolution factor was 9.0. Linearity range for olmesartan medoxomil and metoprolol succinate was 5-30 mcg mL-1 and 5-70 mcg mL-1 respectively. The proposed method is accurate, precise,specific and rapid for simultaneous estimation of olmesartan medoxomil and metoprolol succinate in tablet dosage form.
QUANTITATION OF CARVEDILOL OXIDATIVE METABOLITES IN HUMAN PLASMA USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Erode College of Pharmacy, Perundurai Main Road, Veppampalayam, Vallipurathampalayam (P.O.), Erode - 638112, Tamil Nadu., Valarmathy J , Sudha T. , Kumar K. L. , Joshua S. L
Published: September 2021

A sensitive and efficient method was developed for the determination of carvedilol and its metabolite in human plasma by LC-MS/MS. Plasma samples were hydrolysed with beta-glucuronidase and the target compounds were extracted with liquid liquid extraction using diethyl ether in dichloro methane as solvent. The extracts were completely derivatized and analysed by LC-MS/MS. The linearity of the assay ranges from 0.250 ng/mL to 200.0 ng/mL for carvedilol and from 0.500 ng/mL to 30.0 ng/mL for 4-hydroxy carvedilol. The absolute recovery of carvedilol and its metabolite added to blank plasma sample was 70.28 82.90%. The reproducibility was from 0.96 to 8.28 for the intraday assay and from 1.65 to 6.09 for the interday assay precision. Repetitive thawing and freezing did not have an affect on metabolite through a minimum of three cycles. Thawed samples remaining in plasma for 4h before extraction were with 5% of theoretical value. Stability of the extracted samples on the auto sampler at room temperature was evaluated for 34 h and was observed to with in 12% of a fresh analytical sample for 4 hydroxy carvedilol. The proposed LC-MS/MS method was effective for the determination of carvedilol and it metabolite in human plasma.
Female Empowerment in Hospital Management
Authors: Pereira Belfort Ilka kassandra
Published: September 2021

The reality of gender inequality causes the persistence of segregationist and unequal patterns. In the hospital environment, the management of these sectors performed by women occurs in the same segregation relationship. Thus, the present study aimed to demonstrate the process of female hospital management, as well as the importance of women's empowerment in this environment. Integrative review with selection of 04 articles from the last 10 years in the Brazilian language. The Lilacs, Google academic and Scielo databases were used to select them. Allied to these factors, the keywords that addressed the themes contained in the study were: Hospital management; Empowerment; Gender inequality; Woman in hospital management. The present study concluded, in addition, that it is necessary to increase the number of women in the hospital environment in Brazil, for their inclusion, breaking paradigms and further strengthening women's struggle for their place and recognition in the job market.
Age at Menarche, Duration of Monthly Flow and Cycle Length as Risk Factors for Endometriosis in Sub-Sahara Black African Women
Authors: M Afolabi Bamgboye
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Endometriosis is an enigmatic and multifaceted ailment that distresses a large number of women worldwide which may trigger pain, infertility and other discomforts such as dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: Data from the medical records of 113 women with and 113 age-matched women without endometriosis were analyzed retrospectively to investigate association of three domains of menstrual characteristics – age at menarche, duration of menstrual flow and cycle length – with risk of developing endometriosis. STATA 13 statistical software was used for analysis of data. Results: Sub-fertile women with menarche at <11 years were 1.80 times more likely to have endometriosis (OR=1.80, 95% CI: 0.51, 6.33) and had 1.29 times the risk of the disease (RR=1.29, 95% CI: 0.81, 2.06) influenced by body mass index (BMI in Kg/m2 ). Women with duration of flow of 4-7 days were 2.33 times more likely to have endometriosis. Women with cycle length of ≥28 days were 1.45 times more likely to also have endometriosis. Mean egg yield at OPU from endometriotic women was significantly lower than that from women without endometriosis when age at menarche was ≥14 years (t-test=-4.44, P-value=0.00000001), when duration of flow (days) was 4-7 (t-test=-4.78, P-value=0.00000001) and when cycle length was ≥28 days (t-test=-4.35, P-value=0.00000001). The mean matured eggs (MII) was very significantly higher when age at menarche was ≥14 years (t-test=-2.59, P-value=0.006), when duration of flow was 4-7 days (t-test=2.81, P-value=0.003) and when the cycle length was ≥28 days (t-test=-2.79, P-value=0.003). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that menarche, number of days of menstrual flow and cycle length gave a significant 90% of the variation found in endometriosis (R2=0.9001, F=648.77, P-value=0.000000001). Conclusion: Menarche at age <11 years and cycle length of ≥28 days were significantly associated with and were better predictors of laparoscopic ally confirmed endometriosis. BMI influenced all of the three domains of menarche, duration of flow (days) and cycle length. Endometriotic women produced fewer oocytes but fertilization rate was not compromised.