bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First-principles study of the stability of graphene and adsorption of halogen atoms (F, Cl and Br) on hydrogen passivated graphene
Authors: Karki D. B. , Adhikari N. P.
Published: May 2014

First-principles calculations based on Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) levels of approximation have been carried out in order to study the stability of graphene clusters as a function of number of carbon atoms (N). The variation of calculated binding energy per carbon atom with corresponding number of carbon atoms (N) in graphene cluster almost saturates after the cluster size consisting of 96 carbon atoms, with binding energy per carbon atom 8.24 eV/atom. Adsorption of halogen atoms, ( F , Cl and Br ), on hydrogen passivated graphene ( H -graphene) was also studied systematically through first-principles DFT calculations by taking five different H -graphene clusters. The calculations showed that the most stable adsorption site for halogen adatoms on H -graphene being T site with binding energy 2.41 eV ( F ), 1.48 eV ( Cl ) and 1.19 eV ( Br ) on the H -graphene cluster consisting 96 carbon atoms. Moreover, on increasing the size of H -graphene cluster, the binding energy of halogen adatoms found to be increasing. The distances of adatom from the nearest carbon atom of H -graphene sheet were 1.47 Å ( F ), 2.71 Å ( Cl ) and 3.01 Å ( Br ), however, the adatom heights from the H -graphene basal plane were 2.22 Å ( F ), 2.90 Å ( Cl ), and 3.19 Å ( Br ). The bonding of halogen adatoms on H -graphene were through the charge transfer; 0.30 | e | ( F ), 0.37 | e | ( Cl ) and 0.19 | e | ( Br ), from H -graphene to adatoms and includes the negligible local distortion in the underlying planner H -graphene. Charge redistribution upon adsorption induces significant dipole moments 2.16 D ( F ), 4.81 D ( Cl ) and 3.08 D ( Br ) on H -graphene. The calculated HOMO–LUMO energy gap of adatom- H -graphene and H -graphene does not differ significantly up to the cluster size N = 30, however, beyond N = 30 adsorption of halogen adatoms significantly opens the HOMO–LUMO energy gap on H -graphene and the opening of HOMO–LUMO energy gap also saturates from N = 96. Correlation of computed HOMO–LUMO energy gap and corresponding binding energy of adatom- H -graphene systems have been also studied.
Memristive switching: physical mechanisms and applications
Authors: Mickel Patrick R. , Lohn Andrew J. , Marinella Matthew J.
Published: May 2014

Memristive switches are devices which modulate their resistance state depending on the history of the applied current and/or voltage, and have substantial technological potential and as well as scientific interest. In this paper, we review the current state of research on memristive systems. We review the many classes of memristive switching, their physical mechanisms, and their fabrication and operational modes. Next, we discuss the state of the art experimental and modeling/simulation techniques, and the physical insight afforded from these approaches. Finally, we discuss the applications and believed technological potential of these fascinating and exciting devices.
New high pressure polymorph of theCaSi2compound with Laves structure
Authors: Bouderba Hichem , Beddiaf Raouf
Published: May 2014

In the present work, based on first-principles calculations, we show that it is possible to obtain a new high pressure polymorph of the CaSi2compound with a Laves structure. It corresponds to the MgCu2-type (C15) which is one of the three most important Laves phases. We also show that the two other structures, MgNi2- and MgZn2-types are very competitive energetically and are possible candidates for finite temperature investigations.
Multiple optimal current difference effect in the lattice traffic flow model
Authors: Sun D. H. , Zhang M. , Chuan T.
Published: May 2014

Kerner and Konhäuser study moving jam dynamics first discovered in 1993 in Ref. 1. In light of their previous work, a new lattice hydrodynamic model is presented with consideration of the effect of multiple optimal current difference. To investigate the influences of new consideration on traffic jams, the linear stability analysis of the new model is conducted by employing the linear stability theory. Theoretical analysis result shows that the new consideration can stabilize traffic flow. By means of nonlinear analysis method, a modified Korteweg–deVries (mKdV) equation near the critical point is constructed and solved. The propagation behavior of traffic jam can thus be described by the kink–antikink soliton solution for the mKdV equation. Numerical simulation result shows that the effect of the multiple optimal current differences can suppress the emergence of traffic jams and the result is in good agreement with the analytical results.
A REVIEW OF CMOS TIME-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER
Authors: WANG ZIXUAN , HUANG CHENG , WU JIANHUI
Published: May 2014

Nowadays time-to-digital converter (TDC) is the most popular method of time measurement in many applications. The CMOS process, which gains an advantage over Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) and GaAs in cost and portability, provides sufficient space for TDC development. This paper presents a review of CMOS TDCs classified by circuit topologies and performance. For each TDC structure, the principle exposition and performance analysis are given in detail. Moreover, a comparison among all kinds of TDCs mentioned in this paper is presented in tabular form. Finally, we discuss the obstacle to the development of TDC and the possible tendency for future work in summary.
Quality Dimensions in Process Discovery: The Importance of Fitness, Precision, Generalization and Simplicity
Authors: Buijs J. C. A. M. , van Dongen B. F. , van der Aalst W. M. P.
Published: May 2014

Process discovery algorithms typically aim at discovering process models from event logs that best describe the recorded behavior. Often, the quality of a process discovery algorithm is measured by quantifying to what extent the resulting model can reproduce the behavior in the log, i.e. replay fitness. At the same time, there are other measures that compare a model with recorded behavior in terms of the precision of the model and the extent to which the model generalizes the behavior in the log. Furthermore, many measures exist to express the complexity of a model irrespective of the log.

In this paper, we first discuss several quality dimensions related to process discovery. We further show that existing process discovery algorithms typically consider at most two out of the four main quality dimensions: replay fitness, precision, generalization and simplicity. Moreover, existing approaches cannot steer the discovery process based on user-defined weights for the four quality dimensions.

This paper presents the ETM algorithm which allows the user to seamlessly steer the discovery process based on preferences with respect to the four quality dimensions. We show that all dimensions are important for process discovery. However, it only makes sense to consider precision, generalization and simplicity if the replay fitness is acceptable.
DO INNOVATIVE ORGANISATIONS COMPETE ON SINGLE OR MULTIPLE OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES?
Authors: NAND ALKA ASHWINI , SINGH PRAKASH J. , BHATTACHARYA ANANYA
Published: May 2014

Organisations lack clear guidance on how they can become more innovative at the operational level. The operations strategy literature shows that organisations compete on four generic capabilities: cost efficiency, quality of products or services, speed of delivery, and flexibility of operations. Should organisations choose between these capabilities, i.e., engage in trading-off these capabilities and focussing on one capability ("trade-off" model), or combine them, thereby competing on multiple capabilities simultaneously ("cumulative capabilities" model), remains an unresolved issue. Our paper addresses this by empirically testing the relationship between the four operations capabilities and innovation performance through a large-scale global study of manufacturing plants. Our results show support for the cumulative capabilities model and not the trade-off model. Furthermore, both delivery and flexibility capabilities are comparatively stronger predictors of innovativeness than cost efficiency and quality capabilities. This study provides interesting insights for practitioners and managers in generating clearer guidelines as to what organisations need to do with their key operational capabilities, in order to become more innovative.
DISRUPTION AND SOCIAL MEDIA — ENTRANT FIRMS AS INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURS
Authors: LAURELL CHRISTOFER , SANDSTRÖM CHRISTIAN
Published: May 2014

Technological change often leads to competitive turbulence in established industries. Little is known about how the introduction of social media affects incumbent and entrant firms. This paper explores the impact of social media on the fashion journalism industry. Our findings show that entrant fashion bloggers have toppled incumbent fashion journalists. Through a netnographic analysis of published blog content, we argue that entrants have become dominant by transforming the profession of fashion journalism and in doing so, they have acted as institutional entrepreneurs. We argue that entrants are less bound by established institutional practices and that their ability to redefine the dominant logic of an industry can explain why they have outperformed incumbents.
Quantum reflection of antihydrogen in the GBAR experiment
Authors: Dufour Gabriel , Guérout Romain , Lambrecht Astrid , Nesvizhevsky Valery , Reynaud Serge , Voronin Alexei
Published: May 2014

In the GBAR experiment, cold antihydrogen atoms will be left to fall on an annihilation plate with the aim of measuring the gravitational acceleration of antimatter. Here, we study the quantum reflection of these antiatoms due to the Casimir-Polder potential above the plate. We give realistic estimates of the potential and quantum reflection amplitudes, taking into account the specificities of antihydrogen and the optical properties of the plate. We find that quantum reflection is enhanced for weaker potentials, for example above thin slabs, graphene and nanoporous media.
A spectroscopy approach to measure the gravitational mass of antihydrogen
Authors: Yu. Voronin A. , Nesvizhevsky V. V. , Dufour G. , Debu P. , Lambrecht A. , Reynaud S. , Dalkarov O. D. , Kupriyanova E. A. , Froelich P.
Published: May 2014

We study a method to induce resonant transitions between antihydrogen [Formula: see text] quantum states above a material surface in the gravitational field of the Earth. The method consists of applying a gradient of magnetic field, which is temporally oscillating with the frequency equal to a frequency of transition between gravitational states of antihydrogen. A corresponding resonant change in the spatial density of antihydrogen atoms could be measured as a function of the frequency of applied field. We estimate an accuracy of measuring antihydrogen gravitational states spacing and show how a value of the gravitational mass of the [Formula: see text] atom could be deduced from such a measurement. We also demonstrate that a method of induced transitions could be combined with a free-fall-time measurement in order to further improve the precision.
Measuring GBAR with emulsion detector
Authors: Ariga T. , Aghion S. , Ahlén O. , Amsler C. , Ariga A. , Belov A. S. , Berggren K. , Bonomi G. , Bräunig P. , Bremer J. , Brusa R. S. , Cabaret L. , Canali C. , Caravita R. , Castelli F. , Cerchiari G. , Cialdi S. , Comparat D. , Consolati G. , Derking H. , Di Domizio S. , Di Noto L. , Doser M. , Dudarev A. , Ereditato A. , Ferragut R. , Fontana A. , Genova P. , Giammarchi M. , Gligorova A. , Gninenko S. N. , Haider S. , Huse T. , Jordan E. , Jørgensen L. V. , Kaltenbacher T. , Kawada J. , Kellerbauer A. , Kimura M. , Knecht A. , Krasniký D. , Lagomarsino V. , Lehner S. , Magnani A. , Malbrunot C. , Mariazzi S. , Matveev V. A. , Nebbia G. , Nédélec P. , Oberthaler M. K. , Pacifico N. , Petráček V. , Pistillo C. , Prelz F. , Prevedelli M. , Regenfus C. , Riccardi C. , Røhne O. , Rotondi A. , Sandaker H. , Scampoli P. , Storet J. , Subieta Vasquez M. A. , Špaček M. , Testera G. , Widmann E. , Yzombard P. , Zavaterelli S. , Zmeskal J.
Published: May 2014

The motivation of the AEgIS experiment is to test the universality of free fall with antimatter. The goal is to reach a relative uncertainty of 1% for the measurement of the earth's gravitational acceleration [Formula: see text] on an antihydrogen beam. High vertex position resolution is required for a position detector. An emulsion based detector can measure the annihilation vertex of antihydrogen atoms with a resolution of 1-2 μm, which if realized in the actual experiment will enable a 1% measurement of [Formula: see text] with less than 1000 [Formula: see text] atoms. Developments and achievements on emulsion detectors for the AEgIS experiment are presented here.
Workshop on antimatter physics — Summary talk
Authors: Charlton M.
Published: May 2014

We present a brief, and unfortunately incomplete, summary of the 2013 Workshop on Antimatter Gravity (WAG) held at Bern, Switzerland.
Analogue modelling of volcano flank terrace formation on Mars
Authors: Byrne Paul K. , Holohan Eoghan P. , Kervyn Matthieu , van Wyk de Vries Benjamin , Troll Valentin R.
Published: May 2014

Of the features that characterize large shield volcanoes on Mars, flank terraces remain the most enigmatic. Several competing mechanisms have been proposed for these laterally expansive, topographically subtle landforms. Here we test the hypothesis that horizontal contraction of a volcano in response to the down-flexing of its underlying basement leads to flank terracing. We performed a series of analogue models consisting of a conical sand–plaster load emplaced on a basement comprising a layer of brittle sand–plaster atop a reservoir of viscoelastic silicone. Our experiments consistently produced a suite of structures that included a zone of concentric extension distal to the conical load, a flexural trough adjacent to the load base and convexities (terraces) on the cone's flanks. The effects of variations in the thickness of the brittle basal layer, as well as in the volume, slope and planform eccentricity of the cone, were also investigated. For a given cone geometry, we find that terrace formation is enhanced as the brittle basement thickness decreases, but that a sufficiently thick brittle layer can enhance the basement's resistance to loading such that terracing of the cone is reduced or even inhibited altogether. For a given brittle basement thickness, terracing is reduced with decreasing cone slope and/or volume. Our experimental results compare well morphologically to observations of terraced edifices on Mars, and so provide a framework with which to understand the developmental history of large shield volcanoes on the Red Planet.
Activation of the gut calcium-sensing receptor by peptide agonists reduces rapid elevation of plasma glucose in response to oral glucose load in rats
Authors: Muramatsu Maya , Hira Tohru , Mitsunaga Arimi , Sato Eri , Nakajima Shingo , Kitahara Yoshiro , Eto Yuzuru , Hara Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the role of gut CaSR on glycemic control, we examined whether single oral administration of CaSR agonist peptides affected the glycemic response in rats. Glucose tolerance tests were performed under oral or duodenal administration of various CaSR agonist peptides (γGlu-Cys, protamine, and poly-d-lysine hydrobromide) in conscious rats. Involvement of CaSR was determined by using a CaSR antagonist. Signaling pathways underlying CaSR agonist-modified glycemia were investigated using gut hormone receptor antagonists. The gastric emptying rate after the administration of CaSR agonist peptides was measured by the phenol red recovery method. Oral and duodenal administration of CaSR agonist peptides attenuated glycemic responses under the oral glucose tolerance test, but the administration of casein did not. The promotive effect on glucose tolerance was weakened by luminal pretreatment with a CaSR antagonist. Treatment with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist partially diminished the glucose-lowering effect of peptides. Furthermore, the gastric emptying rate was decreased by duodenal administration of CaSR agonist peptides. These results demonstrate that activation of the gut CaSR by peptide agonists promotes glucose tolerance in conscious rats. 5-HT3 receptor and the delayed gastric emptying rate appear to be involved in the glucose-lowering effect of CaSR agonist peptides. Thus, activation of gut CaSR by dietary peptides reduces glycemic responses so that gut CaSR may be a potential target for the improvement of postprandial glycemia.
YAP-Induced Resistance of Cancer Cells to Antitubulin Drugs Is Modulated by a Hippo-Independent Pathway
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Khanal Prem , Savage Paul , She Yi-Min , Cyr Terry D. , Yang Xiaolong
Published: May 2014

Although antitubulin drugs are used widely to treat human cancer, many patients display intrinsic or acquired drug resistance that imposes major obstacles to successful therapy. Mounting evidence argues that cancer cell apoptosis triggered by antitubulin drugs relies upon activation of the cell-cycle kinase Cdk1; however, mechanistic connections of this event to apoptosis remain obscure. In this study, we identified the antiapoptotic protein YAP, a core component of the Hippo signaling pathway implicated in tumorigenesis, as a critical linker coupling Cdk1 activation to apoptosis in the antitubulin drug response. Antitubulin drugs activated Cdk1, which directly phosphorylated YAP on five sites independent of the Hippo pathway. Mutations in these phosphorylation sites on YAP relieved its ability to block antitubulin drug-induced apoptosis, further suggesting that YAP was inactivated by Cdk1 phosphorylation. Notably, we found that YAP was not phosphorylated and inactivated after antitubulin drug treatment in taxol-resistant cancer cells. Our findings suggest YAP and its phosphorylation status as candidate prognostic markers in predicting antitubulin drug response in patients. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4493–503. ©2014 AACR.
Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism in Melanoma Causes Metabolic Compensation through Glucose and Glutamine Utilization
Authors: Lim Ji-Hong , Luo Chi , Vazquez Francisca , Puigserver Pere
Published: May 2014

Metabolic targets offer attractive opportunities for cancer therapy. However, their targeting may activate alternative metabolic pathways that can still support tumor growth. A subset of human melanomas relies on PGC1α-dependent mitochondrial oxidative metabolism to maintain growth and survival. Herein, we show that loss of viability caused by suppression of PGC1α in these melanomas is rescued by induction of glycolysis. Suppression of PGC1α elevates reactive oxygen species levels decreasing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) hydroxylation that, in turn, increases its protein stability. HIF1α reprograms melanomas to become highly glycolytic and dependent on this pathway for survival. Dual suppression of PGC1α and HIF1α causes energetic deficits and loss of viability that are partially compensated by glutamine utilization. Notably, triple suppression of PGC1α, HIF1α, and glutamine utilization results in complete blockage of tumor growth. These results show that due to high metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility, complete treatment of melanomas will require combinatorial therapy that targets multiple metabolic components. Cancer Res; 74(13); 3535–45. ©2014 AACR.
Galectin-1 Drives Pancreatic Carcinogenesis through Stroma Remodeling and Hedgehog Signaling Activation
Authors: Martínez-Bosch Neus , Fernández-Barrena Maite G. , Moreno Mireia , Ortiz-Zapater Elena , Munné-Collado Jessica , Iglesias Mar , André Sabine , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Hwang Rosa F. , Poirier Françoise , Navas Carolina , Guerra Carmen , Fernández-Zapico Martin E. , Navarro Pilar
Published: May 2014

Despite some advances, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains generally refractory to current treatments. Desmoplastic stroma, a consistent hallmark of PDAC, has emerged as a major source of therapeutic resistance and thus potentially promising targets for improved treatment. The glycan-binding protein galectin-1 (Gal1) is highly expressed in PDAC stroma, but its roles there have not been studied. Here we report functions and molecular pathways of Gal1 that mediate its oncogenic properties in this setting. Genetic ablation of Gal1 in a mouse model of PDAC (EIa-myc mice) dampened tumor progression by inhibiting proliferation, angiogenesis, desmoplasic reaction and by stimulating a tumor-associated immune response, yielding a 20% increase in relative lifesplan. Cellular analyses in vitro and in vivo suggested these effects were mediated through the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a crucial step for initiation of PDAC, was found to be regulated by Gal1. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Gal1 promoted Hedgehog pathway signaling in PDAC cells and stromal fibroblasts as well as in Ela-myc tumors. Taken together, our findings establish a function for Gal1 in tumor-stroma crosstalk in PDAC and provide a preclinical rationale for Gal1 targeting as a microenvironment-based therapeutic strategy. Cancer Res; 74(13); 3512–24. ©2014 AACR.
The Cancer Stem Cell Marker Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Is Required to Maintain a Drug-Tolerant Tumor Cell Subpopulation
Authors: Raha Debasish , Wilson Timothy R. , Peng Jing , Peterson David , Yue Peng , Evangelista Marie , Wilson Catherine , Merchant Mark , Settleman Jeff
Published: May 2014

Selective kinase inhibitors have emerged as an important class of cancer therapeutics, and several such drugs are now routinely used to treat advanced-stage disease. However, their clinical benefit is typically short-lived because of the relatively rapid acquisition of drug resistance following treatment response. Accumulating preclinical and clinical data point to a role for a heterogeneous response to treatment within a subpopulation of tumor cells that are intrinsically drug-resistant, such as cancer stem cells. We have previously described an epigenetically determined reversibly drug-tolerant subpopulation of cancer cells that share some properties with cancer stem cells. Here, we define a requirement for the previously established cancer stem cell marker ALDH (aldehyde dehydrogenase) in the maintenance of this drug-tolerant subpopulation. We find that ALDH protects the drug-tolerant subpopulation from the potentially toxic effects of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells, and pharmacologic disruption of ALDH activity leads to accumulation of ROS to toxic levels, consequent DNA damage, and apoptosis specifically within the drug-tolerant subpopulation. Combining ALDH inhibition with other kinase-directed treatments delayed treatment relapse in vitro and in vivo, revealing a novel combination treatment strategy for cancers that might otherwise rapidly relapse following single-agent therapy. Cancer Res; 74(13); 3579–90. ©2014 AACR.
Presence of Somatic Mutations within PIK3CA, AKT, RAS, and FGFR3 but not BRAF in Cisplatin-Resistant Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Feldman Darren R. , Iyer Gopa , Van Alstine Lindsay , Patil Sujata , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Reuter Victor E. , Bosl George J. , Chaganti Raju S. , Solit David B.
Published: May 2014

Purpose: A previous study noted frequent B-RAF mutations among European patients with cisplatin-resistant but not cisplatin-sensitive germ cell tumors (GCT). We sought to validate this finding by assessing for these mutations among patients with GCT at our center.

Experimental Design: Adolescent and adult patients with GCT who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy and had tumor tissue available were eligible for participation. Response to cisplatin was reviewed to determine sensitivity and resistance. Tumor DNA was extracted and subjected to Sequenom analysis to detect hotspot alterations in FGFR3, AKT1, PIK3CA, KRAS, HRAS, NRAS, and BRAF with Sanger sequencing for confirmation. Nine GCT cell lines with varying degrees of cisplatin sensitivity and resistance were also assayed by Sequenom.

Results: Seventy (24 cisplatin-sensitive; 46 cisplatin-resistant) of 75 patients had tumors with sufficient quality DNA to perform Sequenom. Nineteen mutations were detected among 16 (23%) patients but no BRAF mutations were identified. Similarly, none of the cell lines harbored BRAF mutations. FGFR3 was the most frequent mutation, identified in 13% of both sensitive and resistant samples. All other mutations were exclusive to resistant cases (3 KRAS, 3 AKT1, 3 PIK3CA, and 1 HRAS).

Conclusions:BRAF mutations are rare in American patients with GCT, including those with cisplatin resistance. However, other potentially targetable mutations occur in more than 25% of cisplatin-resistant patients. FGFR3, AKT1, and PIK3CA mutations are all reported for the first time in GCT. Whereas FGFR3 mutations occurred with equal frequency in both sensitive and resistant GCTs, mutations in AKT1 and PIK3CA were observed exclusively in cisplatin-resistant tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3712–20. ©2014 AACR.
Preclinical Optimization of MDM2 Antagonist Scheduling for Cancer Treatment by Using a Model-Based Approach
Authors: Higgins Brian , Glenn Kelli , Walz Antje , Tovar Christian , Filipovic Zoran , Hussain Sazzad , Lee Edmund , Kolinsky Kenneth , Tannu Shahid , Adames Violeta , Garrido Rosario , Linn Michael , Meille Christophe , Heimbrook David , Vassilev Lyubomir , Packman Kathryn
Published: May 2014

Purpose: Antitumor clinical activity has been demonstrated for the MDM2 antagonist RG7112, but patient tolerability for the necessary daily dosing was poor. Here, utilizing RG7388, a second-generation nutlin with superior selectivity and potency, we determine the feasibility of intermittent dosing to guide the selection of initial phase I scheduling regimens.

Experimental Design: A pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model was developed on the basis of preclinical data to determine alternative dosing schedule requirements for optimal RG7388-induced antitumor activity. This PKPD model was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of RG7388 linked to the time-course of the antitumor effect in an osteosarcoma xenograft model in mice. These data were used to prospectively predict intermittent and continuous dosing regimens, resulting in tumor stasis in the same model system.

Results: RG7388-induced apoptosis was delayed relative to drug exposure with continuous treatment not required. In initial efficacy testing, daily dosing at 30 mg/kg and twice a week dosing at 50 mg/kg of RG7388 were statistically equivalent in our tumor model. In addition, weekly dosing of 50 mg/kg was equivalent to 10 mg/kg given daily. The implementation of modeling and simulation on these data suggested several possible intermittent clinical dosing schedules. Further preclinical analyses confirmed these schedules as viable options.

Conclusion: Besides chronic administration, antitumor activity can be achieved with intermittent schedules of RG7388, as predicted through modeling and simulation. These alternative regimens may potentially ameliorate tolerability issues seen with chronic administration of RG7112, while providing clinical benefit. Thus, both weekly (qw) and daily for five days (5 d on/23 off, qd) schedules were selected for RG7388 clinical testing. Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3742–52. ©2014 AACR.
Testis Cancer: The Forgotten Poster Child
Authors: Raghavan Derek
Published: May 2014

In germ cell cancers, the unique reversibility of malignancy and the balance between somatic differentiation and dedifferentiation may be critical to late relapse that is dominated by non–germ cell elements. Targeting regulators of differentiation may provide a solution, and this may be elucidated via serial liquid biopsies (via circulating tumor cells). Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3630–1. ©2014 AACR.
CXCR3 Controls T-Cell Accumulation in Fat Inflammation
Authors: Rocha Viviane Zorzanelli , Folco Eduardo J. , Ozdemir Cafer , Sheikine Yuri , Christen Thomas , Sukhova Galina K. , Tang Eva H.C. , Bittencourt Marcio Sommer , Santos Raul D. , Luster Andrew D. , Cohen David E. , Libby Peter
Published: May 2014

Objective—

Obesity associates with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in adipose tissue (AT), including T cells, but the mechanism of T-cell recruitment remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (CXCR3) participates in T-cell accumulation in AT of obese mice and thus in the regulation of local inflammation and systemic metabolism.

Approach and Results—

Obese wild-type mice exhibited higher mRNA expression of CXCR3 in periepididymal AT-derived stromal vascular cells compared with lean mice. We evaluated the function of CXCR3 in AT inflammation in vivo using CXCR3-deficient and wild-type control mice that consumed a high-fat diet. Periepididymal AT from obese CXCR3-deficient mice contained fewer T cells than obese controls after 8 and 16 weeks on high-fat diet, as assessed by flow cytometry. Obese CXCR3-deficient mice had greater glucose tolerance than obese controls after 8 weeks, but not after 16 weeks. CXCR3-deficient mice fed high-fat diet had reduced mRNA expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted, and anti-inflammatory genes, such as
Foxp3
,
IL-10
, and arginase-1 in periepididymal AT, compared with obese controls.

Conclusions—

These results demonstrate that CXCR3 contributes to T-cell accumulation in periepididymal AT of obese mice. Our results also suggest that CXCR3 regulates the accumulation of distinct subsets of T cells and that the ratio between these functional subsets across time likely modulates local inflammation and systemic metabolism.
Overdrive Pacing From Downstream Sites on Multielectrode Catheters to Rapidly Detect Fusion and to Diagnose Macroreentrant Atrial Arrhythmias
Authors: Barbhaiya Chirag R. , Kumar Saurabh , Ng Justin , Tedrow Usha , Koplan Bruce , John Roy , Epstein Laurence M. , Stevenson William G. , Michaud Gregory F.
Published: May 2014

Background—

Entrainment criteria for macroreentrant arrhythmias are based on detecting fusion between tachycardia and paced wavefronts, but this is often difficult for atrial tachycardias (AT) after ablation of atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results—

With the use of a multipolar catheter, pacing was performed from electrodes within the coronary sinus showing activation later than adjacent electrodes (downstream overdrive pacing) during 66 ATs in 62 patients: 20 cavotricuspid isthmus–dependent ATs, 20 perimitral ATs, 13 focal ATs with sequential coronary sinus activation, and 13 other macroreentrant left atrial ATs. The paced cycle length was 10 to 30 milliseconds below the tachycardia cycle length (TCL), and activation at the neighboring upstream electrodes was assessed. Downstream overdrive pacing at 48 sites close to a macroreentrant circuit (PPI−TCL <40 milliseconds, where PPI is postpacing interval) produced constant fusion demonstrated by a long stimulus to upstream atrial electrogram interval (S-A
u
) >75% TCL and was consistent with orthodromic activation of the upstream site despite its close proximity to the pacing site. In contrast, downstream overdrive pacing at 18 sites during focal AT or remote from the macroreentrant AT circuit (PPI−TCL >40 milliseconds) always demonstrated a comparatively short S-A
u
<25% of TCL (12±4% versus 89±4% of TCL;
P
<0.001), consistent with direct activation.

Conclusions—

Selection of a downstream activation site for overdrive pacing can facilitate rapid recognition of macroreentry and proximity to the reentry circuit using a single multielectrode catheter by recognizing a PPI–TCL <40 milliseconds and S-A
u
>75% of TCL. Recognition of intracardiac constant fusion with this method is a novel criterion for transient entrainment.
Fruits and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Stroke
Authors: Hu Dan , Huang Junqian , Wang Yuchun , Zhang Dongfeng , Qu Yan
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose—

We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize evidence from prospective cohort studies about the association of fruits and vegetables consumption with the risk of stroke.

Methods—

Pertinent studies were identified by a search of Embase and PubMed databases to January 2014. Study-specific relative risks with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effects model. Dose–response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline.

Results—

Twenty prospective cohort studies were included, involving 16 981 stroke events among 760 629 participants. The multivariable relative risk (95% confidence intervals) of stroke for the highest versus lowest category of total fruits and vegetables consumption was 0.79 (0.75–0.84), and the effect was 0.77 (0.71–0.84) for fruits consumption and 0.86 (0.79–0.93) for vegetables consumption. Subgroup and meta-regression showed that the inverse association of total fruits and vegetables consumption with the risk of stroke was consistent in subgroup analysis. Citrus fruits, apples/pears, and leafy vegetables might contribute to the protection. The linear dose–response relationship showed that the risk of stroke decreased by 32% (0.68 [0.56–0.82]) and 11% (0.89 [0.81–0.98]) for every 200 g per day increment in fruits consumption (
P
for nonlinearity=0.77) and vegetables consumption (
P
for nonlinearity=0.62), respectively.

Conclusions—

Fruits and vegetables consumption are inversely associated with the risk of stroke.
Political Corruption in the Age of Transnational Capitalism
Authors: Bratsis Peter
Published: May 2014

Abstract

The emergence of the ever-growing anti-corruption movement from the early ’90s onwards has proven itself to be of considerable importance in how we understand and explain global inequalities as well as in redefining corruption as a lack of transparency. This paper examines the timing and content of this international anti-corruption movement. It argues that, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the deepening of an increasingly transnational capitalism, anti-corruption discourse has arisen as a new version of the ‘white man’s burden’, a justification for intervention into the domestic politics of less powerful states as well as an explanation for their relative poverty. Concurrently, the anti-corruption movement has functioned to push states into increasing their autonomy with respect to local interests and fractions of capital in order to become more subservient and hospitable to transnational capital as a whole.
Failed Abstraction – The Problem of Uno Kōzō’s Reading of Marx’s Theory of the Value Form
Authors: Lange Elena Louisa
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Uno Kōzō (1897–1977) was Japan’s foremost Marxian economist. His critique of Marx’s method inCapital, especially regarding the ‘premature’ introduction of value-form analysis in Volume I, motivated him to rewrite all three volumes ofCapitalin his bookThe Principles of Political Economy(1950–2).

Notwithstanding Uno’s increasing popularity in international Marx research, I will present a critical paper that looks at a fundamental misunderstanding in Uno’s reading of the value form. In what is one of the most significant discussions of the value form in postwar Japan, Uno argues that ‘value’ and money as its ‘bearer’ cannot be understood in abstraction frompersonalinteraction and human wants in commodity exchange. By drawing on the Japanese documents and supporting the view of Uno’s rival Kuruma Samezō (1893–1982), I want to show that it can, and how Marx understood the ‘law of value’ as anon-personallaw of social domination.
Book review: L’Insurrection qui vient, written by Comité Invisible
Authors: de Bloois Joost
Published: May 2014

Abstract

In this review article, I take a closer look at the French journal Tiqqun (1999–2001) and the pamphlet The Coming Insurrection (originally published in 2007). In particular, I consider the overarching political project advanced in these texts as ‘sectarian reason’, that is to say, as a form of bio-politics that is deeply rooted in anthropological and ethical assumptions. Moreover, I identify the intrinsic deadlocks of these suppositions, in particular their latent voluntarism, which they claim to reject if not to have overcome.
Notes on Early Land Plants Today. 53. Hygrobiellaceae (Marchantiophyta) validated
Authors: Konstantinova Nadezda A. , Vilnet Anna A. , Söderström Lars , Hagborg Anders , Von Konrat Matt
Published: May 2014

When describing the family Hygrobiellaceae, Konstantinova & Vilnet (2010) did not cite the basionym, but a combination of the taxon, thus not fulfilling the requirement in ICN Art. 41.5 (McNeill et al. 2012) of a full and direct citation of the basionym. This is corrected here.
A new species of Guatteria (Annonaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
Authors: Lobão Adriana , Lopes Jenifer
Published: May 2014

One of the most important families in terms of species richness in the Atlantic Forest and other lowland tropical forests is Annonaceae (Leitão-Filho 1987, Ter Steege et al. 2000), among which Guatteria is one of the largest genera with 211 species (Maas et al. 2011); it is also one of the most diverse genera of Neotropical trees. Erkens et al. (2007) stated that an updated revision is needed, and Lobão et al. (2012) revised the species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Taxonomic revision of Australian Platynectes Régimbart, 1879 (part I)—four new species from Queensland (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae, Agabinae)
Authors: HENDRICH LARS , ŠŤASTNÝ JAROSLAV
Published: May 2014

Four species of the genus Platynectes subgenus Gueorguievtes Vazirani, 1976 are described from Queensland, Australia: Platynectes brancuccii sp. n. (Atherton Tableland), P. larsoni sp. n. (Mulgrave Range and Windsor Tableland), P. ponderi sp. n. (Carnarvon Range) and Platynectes weiri sp. n. (White Mountains National Park and Hope Vale Mission). The latter two are the first species of the genus with striae on elytra and the informal P. weiri-species group is established for them. Platynectes brancuccii sp. n. and P. larsoni sp. n. belong to the P. decempunctatus-species group. All four species were collected from small rain forest streams or rest pools of intermittent creeks. Important species characters (median lobes, parameres and colour patterns) of all species are figured, and notes on their distribution and ecology are given. Altogether 17 species of the genus are now known from Australia.
A new species of Magneuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Brazilian Savanna
Authors: ZACCA THAMARA , SIEWERT RICARDO R. , MIELKE OLAF H. H. , CASAGRANDE MIRNA M.
Published: May 2014

A new species of Satyrinae butterfly from the Brazilian Savanna, Magneuptychia flavofascia n. sp., is described based on adult morphological characters with a discussion about its placement within the genus.
Searching for the Elusive Cold-Type Occluded Front
Authors: Schultz David M. , Antonescu Bogdan , Chiariello Alessandro
Published: May 2014

According to the Norwegian cyclone model, whether a warm-type or cold-type occluded front forms depends upon which cold air mass is colder: the prewarm-frontal air mass or the postcold-frontal air mass. For example, a cold-type occlusion is said to occur when the occluded front slopes rearward with height because the prewarm-frontal air mass is warmer than the postcold-frontal air mass. This temperature difference and the resulting occluded-frontal structure in the Norwegian cyclone model is part of what is called the temperature rule. Paradoxically, no clear example of a rearward-sloping, cold-type occluded front has been found in the literature, even though the required temperature difference has been documented in several cases. This article presents the first documented, rearward-sloping, cold-type occluded front. This occluded front forms in a cyclone over the North Atlantic Ocean on 3–5 January 2003 and is documented in model output from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Cross sections through the evolving cyclone show the occluded front forms as the less statically stable warm-frontal zone ascends over the more stable cold-frontal zone. Such a stability difference between the cold- and warm-frontal zones is consistent with a previously published hypothesis that the less stable air is lifted by the more stable air to form occluded fronts, in disagreement with the temperature rule. Because warm-frontal zones and the cold air underneath tend to be more stable than cold-frontal zones and the postcold-frontal air, warm-type occluded fronts are much more common than cold-type occluded fronts, explaining why well-defined, rearward-sloping, cold-type occluded fronts are not common in the meteorological literature.
Probability Distributions and Threshold Selection for Monte Carlo–Type Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Forecasts
Authors: Splitt Michael E. , Lazarus Steven M. , Collins Sarah , Botambekov Denis N. , Roeder William P.
Published: May 2014

Probabilistic wind speed forecasts for tropical cyclones from Monte Carlo–type simulations are assessed within a theoretical framework for a simple unbiased Gaussian system that is based on feature size and location error that mimic tropical cyclone wind fields. Aspects of the wind speed probability data distribution, including maximum expected probability and forecast skill, are assessed. Wind speed probability distributions are shown to be well approximated by a bounded power-law distribution when the feature size is smaller than the location error and tends toward a U-shaped distribution as the location error becomes small. Forecast skill (i.e., true and Heidke skill scores) is shown to be highly dependent on the probability forecast data distribution. Forecasts from the National Hurricane Center (NHC) Wind Speed Probability Forecast Product are used to assess the applicability of the simple system in the interpretation and evaluation of a more advanced system.
The impact of 5-HTTLPR on acute serotonin transporter blockade by escitalopram on emotion processing: Preliminary findings from a randomised, crossover fMRI study
Authors: Outhred Tim , Das Pritha , Dobson-Stone Carol , Felmingham Kim L , Bryant Richard A , Nathan Pradeep J , Malhi Gin S , Kemp Andrew H
Published: May 2014

Objective:

Benefit from antidepressant treatment such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may depend on individual differences in acute effects on neural emotion processing. The short (‘S’) allele of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT)-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with both negative emotion processing biases and poorer treatment outcomes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the effects of 5-HTTLPR on the impact of the SSRI escitalopram during processing of positive and negative emotional images, as well as neutral stimuli.

Methods:

The study employed a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover design on 36 healthy Caucasian female participants who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning following placebo or escitalopram treatment, separated by a 7-day washout period.

Results:

Changes in the left amygdala signal with escitalopram treatment during processing of emotional stimuli were linearly related to the 5-HTTLPR ‘S’ allele load such that the signal to positive stimuli decreased and the signal to negative stimuli increased with an increasing number of low-expressing ‘S’ alleles. While 5-HTTLPR subgroups were small in size, individual subject changes with treatment and task condition increase confidence in the findings.

Conclusions:

While preliminary, our findings comprise the first pharmacogenetic study demonstrating an effect of the 5-HTTLPR ‘S’ allele load on escitalopram-induced changes in amygdala activity during emotional processing, consistent with a 5-HTT expression dosage model. The present findings have implications for the impact of this polymorphism on antidepressant efficacy in patients with mood and anxiety disorders.
Perspectives From Pre-Service Mathematics and Science Teachers in an Urban Residency Program
Authors: Garza Rubén , Harter Rod A.
Published: May 2014

The purpose of our study was to examine mathematics and science pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their mentoring experiences during their 1st year in the Teaching Residency Program for Critical Shortage Areas, an initiative designed to recruit, prepare, and retain teachers for high-need urban schools. Results from this mixed-methods study illustrated pedagogical aspects and mentor characteristics that enhanced and impeded pre-service teachers’ growth and development. Therefore, professional development, especially working with adults, must also include frequent monitoring of the mentoring relationships to identify problematic situations. Our findings also suggested that an extended field experience helps deter deficit thinking about a diverse student population. The dynamics of teaching alongside a mentor through a residency program, coupled with the challenges of an urban setting, provide an opportunity for researchers to continue to examine pre-service teachers’ development and to identify effective practices to build mentor capacity.
Fabrication of patterned thermoplastic microphases between composite plies by inkjet printing
Authors: Zhang Yi , Stringer Jonathan , Grainger Richard , Smith Patrick J , Hodzic Alma
Published: May 2014

We report on the pioneering application of inkjet printing in depositing patterned thermoplastic microphases between composite plies and the beneficial effect of the printed thermoplastic on the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer laminates. Double-cantilever beam test and short-beam shear test were employed to investigate the mechanical performances of the engineered composites. The results from this work revealed that by printing thermoplastic poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(methyl methacrylate) between the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer plies, mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIc) is noticeably enhanced, whilst the shear strength has also been preserved. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fracture surfaces generated during the double-cantilever beam test. The microscopic addition of the thermoplastic polymers (approximately 0.015 wt%) did not increase the weight of the composites significantly, which compares favourably to other conventional toughening methods.
Modification of rapeseed straw with organic acid anhydrides
Authors: Paukszta Dominik , Doczekalska Beata , Ostrowski Adam , Bartkowiak Monika
Published: May 2014

Modification of lignocellulose materials, used as fillers in the composites with polyolefins, is applied to improve their adhesion to the matrix. One of the most often applied methods of such modification is the treatment with organic acid anhydrides. Rapeseed straw was modified with anhydrides of acetic, maleic and succinic acids. Such a modification changes the straw surface leading to the exposition of the wood tissue skeleton. The character changes depending on the type of anhydride applied. Esterification of repeseed straw by organic acid anhydrides resulted in changes in its chemical structure. According to infrared analysis of modified straw, new carbonyl groups were formed, as indicated by the absorption band in the range 1750–1730 cm−1. The degree of straw modification, measured by the weight percent gain index, informs about similar reactivities of the lignocelluloses material with all three anhydrides of organic acids used as modifiers. The starting temperatures of active thermolysis for the straw modified with maleic and succinic acid anhydrides were lower than that for native straw, while that for the straw modified with acetic acid was higher. Concentration of free radicals in rapeseed straw samples was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the maximum concentration of radicals for rapeseed straw was treated with maleic anhydride.