bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOURAL STUDIES OF EXTERNAL ATTRIBUTES OF BREAD AND PASTRY IN SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Holienčinová Mária , Nagyová Ľudmila , Sedliaková Ingrida
Published: October 2024

The aim of the research was to determine Slovak consumer's behaviour when purchasing and consuming bread and pastry. As a research method, was used a structured questionnaire consisting of 16 questions. The total number of respondents was 350 randomly selected respondents, from which were analyzed the answers of 291 respondents consuming bread and pastry. For a deeper analysis of the obtained results, there were set out assumptions, which have been tested with the use of Pearson's chi-square test and Cramer's contingency coefficient. As the results of the research show, the mostly preferred filling of pastries is the curd, jam and poppy filling, the preferred taste of salty bread is the crackling, corn and cheese taste, 61 % of respondents are in many cases in their purchase of bread and pastry influenced by the smell of fresh bread, 52 % of respondents need to catch the bread or pastry before their purchase, 44 % of respondents sometimes take in account the sound, which the bread makes when they are catching it, 53 % of respondents prefer the cake with more colours.
Studium uwarunkowań rozwoju rolnictwa i organizacji produkcji rolniczej w Regionie Małopolska
Authors: Paluch Łukasz
Published: October 2024

Jednym z czynników, który w największym stopniu determinuje charakter produkcji rolniczej danego regionu są jego warunki przyrodnicze (jakość gleby, klimat, stosunki wodne, wysokość usytuowania pól uprawnych itp.). Mając na względzie rozwój cennych przyrodniczo i kulturowo obszarów wiejskich województwa małopolskiego, ważne jest zatem zachowanie oraz rozwój ich funkcji gospodarczych, w tym szczególnie rolniczych. Opracowanie zawiera studium uwarunkowań rozwoju rolnictwa i organizacji produkcji rolniczej w województwie małopolskim z uwzględnieniem zróżnicowania wymienionych struktur w układzie przestrzennym. Podstawowe źródło informacji do analizy stanowiły dane Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego zgromadzone w ramach Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego przeprowadzonego w 2002 i 2010 roku.
Pożądane zachowania zdrowotne polskich gospodarstw domowych
Authors: Szalonka Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ocena skuteczności polityki prozdrowotnej w Polsce i wskazanie pożądanych zachowań polskich gospodarstw domowych w świetle polityki WHO. Coraz większa zachorowalność na choroby cywilizacyjne w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej motywuje organizację do stosowania polityki prozdrowotnej poprzez uświadamianie społeczeństw tak w zakresie prawidłowej konsumpcji jak i aktywnego stylu życia. Efektem tych działań powinna być zmiana w zachowaniach podmiotów gospodarstw domowych dotycząca świadomego wyboru dóbr spożywczych, coraz wyższej aktywności sportowej, racjonalnej konsumpcji leków, profilaktyki zdrowotnej oraz ograniczenia konsumpcji autodestrukcyjnej.
MUNICIPAL BOND AS A SUPPORTING TOOL OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN POLAND
Authors: Kozak Sylwester
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the use of municipal bonds in funding development activities of local governments in Poland. The research is based on the data from Ministry of Finance, ECB, Central Statistical Office and the platform CATALYST. The analysis indicates that in Poland the level of bonds` usage by municipalities is lower than the EU average. Poland`s entrance to the EU and the EU structural funds significantly increased the interest of municipalities in funding investments with bonds, especially in 2008-2010. Significant portion of municipal bonds was dedicated to the regional development projects, mostly in infrastructure. In the years 2011-2014 the advantageous features of bonds caused an increase in the value of outstanding municipal bonds, as well as their share in the total municipal debt. Revenue bonds issued by the municipal enterprises have become a new option for funding infrastructure regional projects.
TENDENCIES OF CHANGES IN MARKET BEHAVIOURSOF PHYSICALLY DISABLED CONSUMERS
Authors: Maciaszczyk Magdalena
Published: October 2024

The article is a literature review and concerns the issue of tendencies of changes noticed in market behaviours of both healthy and physically disabled consumers. It is essential to notice that the way of making decisions and making choices is possibly a result of growing consumer awareness of disabled people but also generation changes undergoing on the market. Such generation changes are resulting in modifications both in a system of values and in the way that market participants communicate. Additionally, continuous globalization and digitization determining the process of consumer behaviours are also important. Internet is more frequently chosen as an alternative method of a barrier-free cybernetic communication channel where consumers from different groups can interact in the marketplace. A medical condition of a customer is becoming completely irrelevant and extraneous as the interactivity and dynamics of market changes let everyone adjust the market offer to own requirements and wants. Globalization means that customers with motor disorders are no longer limited to local communities and therefore the interest of young disabled consumers in virtual communities is growing.
Induction of a Müller glial-specific protective pathway safeguards the retina from diabetes induced damage
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hui , Wu Man-Ru , Tanasa Bogdan , Prakhar Praveen , Deng Boxiong , E. Davis Alexander , Li Liang , Xia Alexander , Shan Yang , E. Fort Patrice , Wang Sui
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Diabetes can lead to cell-type-specific responses in the retina, including vascular lesions, glial dysfunction and neurodegeneration, all of which contribute to retinopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these cell type-specific responses, and the cell types that are sensitive to diabetes have not been fully elucidated. Employing single cell transcriptomics, we profiled the transcriptional changes induced by diabetes in different retinal cell types in rat models as the disease progressed. Rod photoreceptors, a subtype of amacrine interneurons, and Müller glia exhibited rapid responses to diabetes at the transcript levels. Genes associated with ion regulation were upregulated in all three cell types, suggesting a common response to diabetes. Furthermore, focused studies revealed that while Müller glia initially increased the expression of genes playing protective roles, they cannot sustain this beneficial effect. We explored one of the candidate protective genes, Zinc finger protein 36 homolog (Zfp36), and observed that depleting Zfp36 in rat Müller glial cells in vivo using AAV-based tools exacerbated diabetes-induced phenotypes, including glial reactivation, neurodegeneration, and vascular defects. Over-expression of Zfp36 slowed the development of these phenotypes. This work unveiled retinal cell types that are sensitive to diabetes and demonstrated that Müller glial cells can mount protective responses through Zfp36.

Article Highlights

1. In this study, we sought to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the diabetes-induced cell-type-specific responses, with the hope of advancing our understanding of diabetic retinopathy and informing therapeutic strategies.

2. Single cell transcriptomics revealed that retinal rod photoreceptors, A17 amacrine cells and Müller glia are sensitive to diabetes at the transcript levels.

3. Retinal Müller glial cells upregulate potential protective genes in response to diabetes but failed to sustain this beneficial effect.

4. Enhanced Zfp36 expression in retinal Müller glial cells alleviates diabetes-induced damage in the retina.
Development of a Pioneering Electrochemical Immunosensor for Accurate Detection of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis with Purified Leishmania spp. Recombinant Antigen
Authors: Alves Dra Renata Pereira
Published: October 2024

Leishmaniasis is a disease that affects a large part of the population of Latin America, especially in Brazil. It has a high mortality rate if left untreated. The main diagnostic methods currently used are based on signs and symptoms suggestive associated with parasitological and/or immunological tests, however, such tests have disadvantages such as low sensitivity and specificity, high cost, need for equipped laboratories and qualified professionals. Thus, it is necessary to have a fast, accurate, low-cost, portable diagnosis that has good sensitivity and specificity. In this study, a recombinant antigen (Ag) called DTL-4 was used because of its potential to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the tests because it only allows specific binding with the antibody in the serum of patients with the disease. The results of the proposed immunosensor showed an estimated detection limit of 0.0442 ng mL−1. The absence of modifications with gold nanoparticles is another interesting point when we compare the cost related to the biosensor in question with other diagnostic methods. Thus, the proposed immunosensor has low cost, high specificity and sensitivity. In this way, the biosensor in question shows promise for validating the diagnostic platform and its future portable use in public health.
“DIFFICULT TO REMEMBER AND IMPOSSIBLE TO FORGET”: MECHANISMS OF FUNCTIONING OF TRAUMATIC MEMORY
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University, Faustova A. G.
Published: October 2024

The article provides an idea of the criterion indicators, specific parameters, mechanisms of formation and functioning of memories of psychotraumatic events. Psychological traumas of various genesis affect up to 70% of the population, while the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims is 5.6%. The consequences of psychological trauma affect mnestic activity, provoking disturbances of short-term memory, declarative memory, and autobiographical memory. In the structure of PTSD symptoms, a special place is given to intrusions, in particular obsessive and uncontrollable influxes of traumatic memories, which is considered as a special case of the functioning of traumatic memory. Traumatic memory is a separate subsystem in the block of autobiographical memory, which contains memories of a traumatic event. The mechanisms of functioning of traumatic memory are determined by derangement of the functional interaction between the rational (verbal) and emotional (image-bearing) systems of the brain. Traumatic memories are characterized by fragmentarity. The main patterns of functioning of traumatic memory are reduced to a deficit in the verbal representation of traumatic memories; loss of specificity of autobiographical memories, including those associated with psychotraumatic experiences; negative interpretation of disturbances in mnestic activity in the structure of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EMPLOYEES OF HAZARDOUS PROFESSIONS, ACCOUNTING AGE AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIFICS
Authors:   Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Dubinsky A. A. , Rashevskaya O. Yu. ,   Psychiatric Clinical Hospital No. 5 of the Moscow Department of Health, Bulygina V. G. ,   Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Kabanova T. N. ,   Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the psychological characteristics of employees of hazardous professions depending on their professional and age characteristics. The sample included 297 people of the following professional profiles: Ministry of Emergency Situations, fire service employees (19.9%), specialists in various civilian professions (23.4%), cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (56.7%). The diagnostic complex included questionnaires for the personality profile diagnosis, self-regulation, decision-making, self-control, the balance between behavioral activation and inhibition systems, value and life-meaning orientations, mental defense mechanisms and coping strategies, the level of anxiety, depression and psychological stress. It was found that the level of emotional well-being among employees of hazardous professions is higher compared to civilian professions. The group of subjects from various civilian professions was characterized by a high level of anxiety and depression, emotional instability and lability, isolation, indifference, suspiciousness, tension, unrestrained affect of irritation, risk-taking, impulsivity, and high expression of pathocharacterological personality traits. The group of employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations was significantly distinguished by high indicators of planning and modeling in the process of self-regulation, high self-control, emotional stability, low expression of pathocharacterological personality traits and immature psychological defenses. Specialists at the stage of entering the profession — cadets of the Ministry of Internal Affairs were characterized by high rates of attracting attention, affection, credulity, expressiveness, curiosity, sensitivity, activation of behavior aimed at receiving encouragement, as well as the predominance of such mental defense mechanisms as “projection”, “compensation” and “hypercompensation”. A general group analysis taking into account the age factor showed that the most disadvantaged group is the group of middle adulthood (26–40 years old), which is reliably characterized by high parameters of anxiety and low rates of self-regulation. The results obtained show the need to shift psycho-preventive work to an earlier age period in order to timely identify signs of psychological well-being disorders among employees of hazardous professions.
A STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERSONS USING ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES
Authors:   Ryazan State Medical University, Susanina I. V. , Bulatov V. I. ,   Ryazan State Medical University
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of individual psychological characteristics of persons using electronic cigarettes. The sample included 36 men and 24 women aged 18 to 25 years, including individuals using electronic cigarettes (n = 20), individuals using traditional cigarettes (n = 20), and non-smokers (n = 20). The following methods were used: “Questionnaire of Addictive Tendency” by V. V. Yusupov, V. A. Korzunin, test questionnaire by G. Shmishek, K. Leonhard (method of “Accentuation of Personality Character and Temperament” adapted by Yu. V. Kortnev), test for determining the degree of suggestibility by V. V. Delarue, S. V. Klauchek (adapted by E. Merzlyakova), gender role questionnaire by S. Bem, study of locus of control by J. Rotter, test for determining the level of self-esteem by S. V. Kovalev. Statistical processing of the data was carried out using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Statistically significant differences in the individual psychological characteristics of participants in the experimental group, comparison group and control group were found on the scales “Demonstrativeness” and “Self-esteem”. The combination of a tendency to addictive behavior and demonstrative accentuation with a predominance of egocentric traits in the experimental group determines the choice of an electronic cigarette as a “fashionable” gadget that attracts attention, and thus compensates for negative emotions associated with intrapersonal conflicts.
One hundred and ten years of tears: examining the human experience of tear gas use and its memories, memorials, and meanings
Authors:   , Turner Helen
Published: October 2024

This thesis explores the everyday experience of being exposed to tear gas and how it is remembered, represented, and retold. The research into the human experience of tear gas use, its implications and legacy, interrogates how tear gas is explicated in a broad spectrum of material and media sources as well as through commemorative practices at sites of memory. Utilising primarily secondary sources, this thesis offers an interpretation of how these representations convey and shape an understanding about what tear gas use means to the people it is used upon. Whilst tear gas does not chemically persist in the air, the sources and spaces of tear gas use show that it indelibly endures in memory. This thesis acknowledges both the context and the significance of existing, predominantly scientific, literature on tear gas whilst moving to set itself apart and engages valuable perspectives from feminist and emotional geographies in conjunction with creative methodologies. From murals on the walls of Free Derry, proclaiming that while tear gas encapsulated them, it did not obscure or conceal their struggle, to poems that place tear gas firmly as part of the lived experience of being Black in America, looking at the multitude of ways tear gas use is remembered helps us to vicariously experience that exposure for ourselves. This thesis finds the disastrous and detrimental experience of tear gas use can be affirmed through the construction of physical memorials and monuments, as well as in the active and passive voices of dissent which are teased out from a critical analysis of narrative or visual sources. Narratives of power, vulnerability and resilience are brought forth from the theoretical foundation of this thesis – geographies of memory, embodiment and grief – into a new way to conceptualise the actors, objects and experiences of tear gas use.
Ecology of sea turtles in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean
Authors:   , Stokes Holly
Published: October 2024

Understanding population size, distribution and reproductive success is vital for management and conservation planning. For rare and elusive species in remote island habitats, this information is diﬃcult to obtain. As female sea turtles come ashore to nest, data can be collected relatively simply from the nesting population. Although other life stages are largely understudied, juveniles tend to forage at coastal sites and so in-water surveys can be conducted to estimate populations and study space use. To investigate aspects of sea turtle ecology in the remote islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean, I used a combination of traditional surveys and modern technology (remote and in situ sensing) to answer key questions relating to population size and threats to reproductive success. Most of my research focussed on nesting ecology including clutch incubation conditions, nesting behaviour, hatching success, and predation risk. To assess population size in remote areas, I experimented with in situ sensing (e.g., UAVs, camera traps) and validated results with traditional methods (e.g., foot patrols, in-water capture) to assess nesting and foraging populations. The ﬁndings demonstrate the novel approach of camera traps to successfully count turtle tracks and how the combination of UAV surveys, mark-recapture, and satellite tracking can eﬀectively estimate immature turtle population densities. A wide range of sand temperatures were recorded spatially and temporally across the archipelago providing conditions for both male and female-biased clutches. To place my ﬁndings within a broader context, I conducted global meta-analyses and literature reviews, reporting the largest immature population of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle, and the ﬁrst observations of coconut crab and invasive rat predation on sea turtle eggs. These results address several knowledge gaps about sea turtle ecology in the Western Indian Ocean, highlighting the importance of the Chagos Archipelago for all life stages and demonstrating complimentary tools for monitoring endangered species at remote locations.
PERCEPÇÃO AMBIENTAL DOS MORADORES DA CIDADE DE SÃO MARCOS-RS SOBRE AS CONDIÇÕES DE ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO
Authors: Cornelli Renata , Guimarães Lia Buarque de Macedo
Published: October 2024

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de como os habitantes do município de São Marcos, na Encosta Superior do Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, percebem as condições de esgotamento sanitário da cidade e, no caso de haver algum problema, como o mesmo poderia ser solucionado. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 35 habitantes das proximidades ou que conhecem o Arroio Gravatá, onde hoje é lançada grande parte dos esgotos da cidade, tanto pluvial quanto sanitário. A análise qualitativa e quantitativa mostrou que 68% dos moradores residem na cidade há mais de 3 décadas e, com isso, conseguem notar que os despejos sem controle têm impacto negativo tanto no arroio quanto no meio ambiente e na qualidade de vida em geral. Foram propostas quatro soluções para os problemas: canalização total do arroio e tratamento somente no final (50%); despoluição do arroio sendo que o esgoto deve ser coletado e tratado somente no final da cidade (30%); colocação de canaletas nas laterais do arroio que serviriam para a contenção do esgoto e para levá-lo até a estação de tratamento (11%); e recuperação do arroio com miniestações de tratamento ao longo dele (9%).
A DESCONTAMINAÇÃO DE MÁSCARAS N95 COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE SEGURANÇA OCUPACIONAL
Authors: Mattos Simone Lopes de , Dias Carmen Gilda Barroso Tavares
Published: October 2024

Este estudo acompanhou a utilização de um dispositivo de descontaminação ultravioleta de ondas curtas (UV-C) para máscaras N95 no Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Belém, Pará, Brasil, por meio de estudo transversal, com 295 participantes, entre enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de Enfermagem. O questionário de pesquisa abordou a reutilização das máscaras N95, as formas de armazenamento entre os usos, e a impressão dos entrevistados sobre o protocolo de descontaminação das máscaras após cada turno de trabalho, com uso do dispositivo UV-C. Os resultados demonstram a aceitação unânime do dispositivo. A totalidade (n=295) dos entrevistados reconhecem que a descontaminação da máscara N95, antes do armazenamento e reutilização, eleva a biossegurança, pois reduz o manuseio de máscaras contaminadas com agentes infecciosos. Este estudo confirmou que a implementação de um sistema de descontaminação UV-C para máscaras N95 é viável em hospitais, não só em situações de alta demanda e escassez de equipamentos de proteção, como ocorreu na pandemia de Covid-19, mas também na rotina hospitalar, para a segurança ocupacional e para a redução do lixo infectante.
The Effect of Student Perceptions of the Teaching Profession on Interest in Become a Teacher (Study on Teaching Campus Teaching Students at Padang State University)
Authors: Latifah Ummi
Published: October 2024

This study is motivated by the results of the author's observations which show that the lack of interest in becoming a teacher in Teaching Campus students at Padang State University is suspected to be one of the factors causing it, namely students' perceptions of the teaching profession. The purpose of this study is to describe the description of student perceptions of the teaching profession and interest in becoming a teacher (Study on Teaching Campus Students at Padang State University) and to determine the effect of student perceptions of the teaching profession on interest in becoming a teacher (Study on Teaching Campus Students at Padang State University). This research is quantitative ex post facto. The population of this study were Teaching Campus Students of Batch 6, State University of Padang, totaling 187 people whose samples were 72 students using the Proportional Stratified Random Sampling technique. The data collection instrument uses a Likert scale measurement model questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability. Students' perceptions of the teaching profession are categorized as quite good with an average achievement level of 85.1% of the ideal score. Interest in becoming a teacher is good with an average achievement level of 75.2% of the ideal score. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression test. The test results show that the significance value obtained is <0.000 smaller than 0.05. The results of hypothesis testing show that there is a significant influence between the two variables with a correlation coefficient of 0.223, a correlation significance test of 3.699, and a coefficient of determination (R²) obtained an R² value of 0.164. This shows the effect of interpersonal communication on member performance is 16.4% with the remaining 83.6% influenced by other factors.
Teachers' Perceptions of the Classroom Climate in Private Vocational High Schools in North Padang District
Authors: Asnah Nur
Published: October 2024

This article aims to analyze teachers' perceptions of classroom climate in private vocational schools in Padang Utara District, seen from 1) Cohesiveness (Cohesiveness) between students, 2) Involvement (Involvement) between students, 3) Speed ​​(Speed) students' responsiveness in class, 4) Difficulty (difficulty) students in understanding learning in class, 5) Democratic attitude (democracy) students in class, 6) Clarity of rules (clarity of rules) class, 7) Completeness of sources (resource adequacy) teaching and learning in the classroom, 8) Comfort of the physical environment (material environment) class. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, the population of which is all subject teachers, totaling 101 people. The sample for this research was 85 people drawn using the Stratified Proportional Random Sampling technique. The research instrument used was questionnaire in the form of a likert scale that has been tested for validity and its reliability. Data is processed using the mean formula. The results of data analysis illustrate that teachers' perceptions of classroom climate are seen from 1) Student cohesion obtained an average score of 4.33, including the conducive category, 2) Student involvement obtained an average score of 4.31, including the conducive category, 3) Student speed in learning. obtained an average score of 4.29 including the conducive category, 4) Students' difficulties in learning obtained an average score of 4.24 including the conducive category, 5) Student democracy in learning obtained an average score 4.33 including the conducive category, 6) Clarity of class rules obtained an average score of 4.31 including the conducive category, 7) Equipment learning resources received an average score of 4.32, including the conducive category, and 8) The comfort of the physical classroom environment received an average score of 4.39, including the conducive category. Overall, the results of data processing regarding teachers' perceptions of classroom climate in private vocational schools Se District North Padang is in the conducive category.
Influence of Maternal Body Mass Index on Fetal Ultrasound Biometry
Authors: Omar Noor S. , Ahmed Furman K. , Saleem Deena S. , Ali Shah Lezan J. , Abbas Muhamed A.
Published: October 2024

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased almost multiple times in recent decades. This study aims to estimate and evaluate the correlation between the body mass index (BMI) of pregnant women and the weight as well as the biometric parameters of the fetus. In the present study, from 245 pregnant women who participated, 210 participants of pregnant women were enrolled in a private clinical center in Erbil Governorate in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The data were collected from December 2022 to September 2023. 210 participants were enrolled, and their ages ranged from 17 to 45 years, with a means ± SD of 30.89 ± 6.317 years, 17.1% of participant’s ages were <25 years, 52% were between 25 and 34 years, and 30% were 35 years and more. The relation between maternal BMI and fetal weight in grams for <2000, between 2000 and 3000, and more than 3000 g was statistically significant with a P = 0.027, while the association between maternal BMI and fetal gender statistically was not significant. According to our result in the present study, BMI was not statistically significant with fetal parameters. These findings show the relationship between the fetal weight and the mother’s BMI is statistically significant. However, there is no significant relationship between maternal age and all maternal BMI categories. In addition, in the third trimester of pregnancy, not all categories of the mother’s BMI have an impact on fetal biometry.
The Garrison and the Jamaican State: A Model for Co-optation
Authors: Scott Marsha-Ann
Published: October 2024

The informal system that is present in communities called garrisons in Jamaica often operate outside of the law. Under the leadership of dons, who were initially appointed to carry out the dictates of politicians, the operations of the garrison accounts for approximately 40% of Jamaica’s homicide and is perceived as a socially disorganized space. Research done on these communities suggests that dismantling these communities will ameliorate the high incidence of crime. The main question of this study is, are these communities socially disorganized spaces? The major argument is, the ineptitude of the Jamaican state has resulted in the institution of various mechanisms by non-state actors within these communities to address their justice concerns, and there is an implicit reliance on their services by the Jamaican state. The problem of crime in Jamaica is complex and requires a multi-dimensional approach to addressing the issue. In this paper, I use a Foucauldian lens to highlight the utility of this instituted informal system and suggest that any strategies geared towards addressing crime and violence that occur in these communities should explore coalescing these informal structures into Jamaica’s formal framework.
Searching for Justice: Indigenous Self-Determination over the Landfill Search as a Matter of Justice for MMIWG2S
Authors: Laidlaw Leon
Published: October 2024

“Search the Landfill” is an Indigenous-led movement for justice for missing and murdered Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit people (MMIWG2S) which originated through Indigenous resistance to police racism in Winnipeg, Canada. The movement calls upon all levels of government to support and execute the search of the Prairie Green Landfill, just north of the City of Winnipeg, to recover the bodies of at least two of four First Nations women who were murdered in early 2022 at the hands of a white male serial killer. Through an analysis of the news articles, press releases, and reports, this paper explores the way in which Indigenous leaders resisted and rewrote the discourses that surrounded the search. By at once condemning the Winnipeg Police Service’s refusal to search the landfill and rejecting police authority and control over the decision-making process, Indigenous women who became the leaders of this movement crafted the space to articulate for themselves how and why the search must be done as a matter of Indigenous rights. This paper explores how Indigenous leadership offers glimpses of what a decolonizing approach to justice may look like in cases of MMIWG2S and which, in turn, invites further opportunities to problematize, subvert, and move beyond the Western legal norms and traditions.
To Whom Can We Turn?” Evaluating the Adequacy of Police and Coroner Investigations into Questionable Deaths
Authors: Palys Ted , Ross Annie , King Steff , Anderson Gail
Published: October 2024

Canada has witnessed thousands of Indigenous testimonies about the suspicious deaths and disappearances of their loved ones and the deficient or non-existent investigations thereafter. Despite growing attention to Indigenous deaths in inquiries and government apologies, there remains little information at ground level for families on how to challenge investigative practices and few cases that have done so successfully. Our research began when we were invited to evaluate the investigations into the suspicious deaths of three Indigenous youth in Canada. We did so by comparing police and coroner behaviour in those cases to standard practices required by provincial, federal, and international guidelines for police and coroners. Results revealed numerous instances of inadequacy where investigators either did not perform required procedure(s) or did not complete tasks to internationally recognized standards; police and the coroner performed half or fewer of “required” procedures in each of the three cases. An important product of our evaluation is a checklist of standard investigative procedures that other families and communities can use to assess other investigations into questionable deaths that occur in their communities and press for accountability.
PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA PENGUJAN KECAMATAN TELUK BINTAN KABUPATEN BINTAN TAHUN 2022
Authors: Safriya Hastika Riza
Published: October 2024

Abstrak
Hal menarik dari pemilihan kepala desa tersebut masyarakat aktif dalam kegiatan pemberian suara (voting) berbanding terbalik dengan keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan-kegiatan pemilihan kepala desa yang lain. Masyarakat cenderung apatis terhadap isu politik dengan rasa ingin tahu yang sedikit sehingga mayoritas hanya aktif sebagai pemberi suara saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui partisipasi politik masyarakat dengan menggunakan teori Abramson dan Hardwick. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut : a.) Partisipasi politik masyarakat melalui pemberian suara (voting) dengan tingkat kehadiran ke TPS 85 persen, pemilih menggunakan hak pilih karena dua faktor pertama kesadaran politik masyarakat, faktor kedua kepercayaan politik masyarakat. b.) Partisipasi politik masyarakat melalui kegiatan kampanye, ketidakikutsertaan masyarakat pemilih dalam kegiatan kampanye karena sakit dan tidak mengetahui jadwal kampanye berarti kurang sosialisasi tentang jadwal kampanye kepada pemilih sehingga pemilih tidak mengikuti kegiatan kampanye tersebut. c.) Partisipasi politik masyarakat melalui membentuk dan bergabung dalam kelompok kepentingan dalam hal ini tim sukses tidak ada kejelasan data jumlah anggota tim sehingga kegiatan tim sukses tidak ada catatan di lapangan.
 
Kata Kunci: Partisipasi Politik; Masyarakat; Pemilihan Kepala Desa.
 
Abstract
The interesting thing about the village head election is that the community is active in voting activities in contrast to participation in other village head election activities. People tend to be apathetic towards political issues with little curiosity so that the majority are only active as voters. This study aims to determine community political participation using Abramson and Hardwick's theory. This research uses descriptive qualitative method by using interview and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this research are as follows: a.) Community political participation through voting with an attendance rate to the polling station of 85 percent, voters use voting rights because of the first two factors of public political awareness, the second factor of public political trust. b.) Community political participation through campaign activities, the non-participation of voters in campaign activities due to illness and not knowing the campaign schedule means less socialization of the campaign schedule to voters so that voters do not participate in the campaign activities. c.) Community political participation through forming and joining interest groups in this case the success team there is no clear data on the number of team members so that the activities of the success team have no records in the field.
 
 
Keywords: Political Participation; Community; Village Head Election.
Keamanan Manusia dalam Perdagangan Manusia: Analisis Peran IOM Menangani Human Trafficking
Authors: Sofjan Noorwahid
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The most crucial thing about human trafficking is that the activity does not disappear and even continues to show increasing numbers of victims. Handling cannot be carried out only by the government or by state officials but requires comprehensive handling from all levels of society. This research aims to highlight the role of an organization in dealing with these problems using a human security approach. Descriptively and qualitatively the facts are analyzed and produce several conclusions: a).  efforts to help, defend, rescue based on existing laws which are more outward in nature, but also on efforts to implement human rights values ​​from within. Apart from being an ethical basis, human values ​​are also implemented in every action. b). The problem of human trafficking cannot be separated from structural dimensions such as the fulfillment of welfare, justice and development policies which influence all dimensions of human livelihood. c). The best prevention is through education, providing employment opportunities, welfare and the most important thing is to provide a sense of security for all citizens.
Eleccions presidencials als Estats Units: una mirada des de l’agenda transatlàntica
Authors:   Director, CIDOB, Morillas Pol , Bargués Pol ,   Investigador sènior, CIDOB, Arco Escriche Inés ,   Investigadora, CIDOB, Borràs Javier ,   investigador, CIDOB, Garcia Duran Patricia ,   Investigadora associada, CIDOB, Colomina Carme ,   Investigadora sènior, CIDOB, Garcés Blanca ,   Investigadora sènior, CIDOB, Ayuso Anna ,   Investigadora sènior, CIDOB, Martinez Ricardo ,   Investigador sènior, CIDOB
Published: October 2024

Les enquestes de la cursa cap a la Casa Blanca mostren un empat entre tots dos candidats: l’expresident Donald Trump i la demòcrata Kamala Harris. Passat l’efecte sorpresa, tant dels intents d’assassinat del primer com de la nominació exprés de la segona –prèvia renúncia del president Joe Biden–, el resultat de les eleccions presidencials és impredictible. En uns pocs estats determinants, la batalla continua oberta, i és probable que es repeteixi la circumstància per la qual el guanyador del vot popular no aconsegueixi la majoria al col·legi electoral, necessària per a l’elecció de la presidència. Aquesta Nota Internacional és el resultat d’un esforç col·lectiu de l’equip investigador de CIDOB per analitzar els principals temes de l’agenda transatlàntica que, sens dubte, es veuran afectats pel resultat.
Research on Chinese Jiafeng: A literature review and prospect
Authors: Zhang Xu’e , Yue Caihua
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the construction of Jiafeng (家风)has become an important research topic in the field of street-level governance. A systematic literature review method is used to review 504 journal articles sourced from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The research overview is presented from the perspectives of overall research characteristics, highly cited literature, theoretical foundations, and research methods. The research systematically elaborates on the results of literature analysis from the perspective of the connotation and extension of Jiafeng, the practical mechanisms and related suggestions for Jiafeng construction. The research has found that the practical mechanisms of Jiafeng construction includes institutional support mechanism, theoretical consolidation mechanism, collaborative mechanism, social education mechanism, application innovation mechanism, and efficiency evaluation mechanism. On the basis of constructing a framework for the study of Jiafeng, this article provides prospects for future research: consolidating the theoretical foundation of Jiafeng construction, defining the connotation and extension of Jiafeng, refining the practical mechanism of Jiafeng construction, enriching the research methods of Jiafeng and measuring tools for governance effectiveness.
Sustainable forest-based law enforcement against corporate illegal logging: A comparative study of Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Absori Absori , Anuar Haslinda Mohd , Budiono Arief , Rizka Rizka , Bangsawan Moh Indra , Harun Rina Rohayu
Published: October 2024

This research is based on the condition of the ever-rampant events of illegal logging perpetrated by companies in various areas in Indonesia and Malaysia. The issue of corporate illegal logging happened due to a concerning level of conflict of interest between companies, the government, and local societies due to economic motives. this paper aims to analyze the law enforcement on corporate illegal logging in Indonesia and Malaysia as well as the law enforcement on corporate illegal logging that is based on sustainable forestry. this research used the normative legal approach that was supported by secondary data in the forms of documents and cases of illegal logging that happened in Indonesia and Malaysia. this paper employed the qualitative analysis. Results showed that Indonesia had greater commitment and legal action than Malaysia because Indonesia processed more illegal logging cases compared to Malaysia. But mere commitment is not enough as the illegal logging ratio in Indonesia compared to timber production is 60%. meanwhile, in Malaysia, it is 35%. This shows that the ratio of law enforcement in Malaysia is more effective when comparing the rate of illegal logging and timber production. The phenomenon of forest destruction in Indonesia happened due to a disharmonic situation or an improper social relationship between society, the regional government, the forestry sector, business owners, and the law-enforcing apparatus. The sustainable forest-based law enforcement concept against corporate illegal logging is carried out through the integration approach that involves various parties in both countries.
Qualidade ambiental como suporte ao planejamento e a gestão : estudo aplicado à cidade de Mossoró/RN
Authors: Bezerra Letícia Gabriele da Silva , Grigio Alfredo Marcelo , Pessoa Zoraide Souza , Damasio Weslley Misael Bezerra
Published: October 2024

O planejamento e a gestão são ferramentas que podem orientar as cidades brasileiras à sustentabilidade, nesse processo os estudos sobre qualidade ambiental urbana (QAU) podem nortear suas elaborações. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar contribuições dos estudos sobre a QAU ao planejamento e a gestão urbana visando melhorar as condições ambientais das cidades e de vida dos citadinos a partir do caso de Mossoró, localizada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. As condições de QAU de Mossoró são resultantes do estudo de cinco variáveis socioambientais – cobertura da terra, cobertura vegetal, temperatura da superfície terrestre, ocorrência de alagamentos e condições de saneamento básico, empregando-se geotecnologias para a manipulação de dados. Os bairros centrais de Mossoró apresentaram significativa concentração de baixa QAU ao contrário dos bairros periféricos, isso ocorreu, pois, os bairros centrais não tiveram sua constituição acompanhada de planejamento e gestão adequados ao ambiente e à população, entretanto, os bairros periféricos estão em fase de expansão carecendo de atenção. A partir desses resultados, ações e medidas de planejamento e gestão podem ser direcionadas visando a melhoria e a manutenção das condições de acordo com as classificações de QAU identificadas, especialmente, as relacionadas à variável cobertura vegetal.
Palavras-chave: gestão municipal; plano diretor; sustentabilidade.
A zárt dysraphismusok ritka esete
Authors: Puskás Noémi , Fodor Krisztina , Koós Eszter , Kondás Judit
Published: October 2024

A diastematomyelia a subcutan szövettömeg nélküli, zárt dysraphismusok ritka formája. Lényege, hogy a gerinccsatornát és a gerincvelőt csontos, porcos vagy kötőszövetes sövény két, nem mindig szimmetrikus részre osztja. Két formája közül a külön durazsákkal rendelkező, csontos sövénynyel bíró I. típust mutatjuk be. Esetünkben a korán jelentkező, rövid szakaszú, bordafejlődési rendellenességgel társuló, kifejezett thoracalis, torsiós scoliosis kivizsgálása során diagnosztizáltuk a diastematomyeliát. Az öszszes képalkotó entitást felhasználtuk a pontos anatómiai viszonyok megítélésére. A háti szakasz gerincstabilizálása megtörtént, ami előfeltétele a diastematomyelia későbbi műtéti megoldásának, mely azonban csak kialakuló neurológiai deficit esetén jön szóba.
Per forza e per amore: agency e bias nella traduzione del diario di un’amica esule
Authors: Cosma Iulia
Published: October 2024

Anna Colombo è stata traduttrice letteraria e una della prime promotrici della letteratura romena in Italia. Nelle sue memorie menziona e giustifica un intervento cancellante nella traduzione del diario della scrittrice Sorana Gurian, un’amica conosciuta durante la permanenza in Romania. Nel mio contributo mi concentrerò non solo sulle cause, ma anche sui possibili effetti di quest’operazione modificante sulla ricezione del diario da parte del lettore italiano.
“Tailleurs”, “fripiers” e “sarti in cervello”: tradurre per la scena francese secentesca
Authors: Pavesio Monica
Published: October 2024

L’articolo, attraverso l’analisi delle rare prefazioni, indaga le tecniche traduttive secentesche relative alle traspo¬sizioni per le scene francesi delle opere teatrali coeve spagnole e italiane. I traduttori francesi – e le traduttrici italo-francesi che lavorano per il Théâtre italien di Parigi – si configurano, con posture traduttive diverse, come sarti e sarte che adattano un vestito già confezionato alle esigenze del nuovo utilizzatore.
Die Effekte einer Lohnnebenkostensenkung für die Volkswirtschaft und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit
Authors: Berger Johannes , Strohner Ludwig
Published: October 2024

The tax and social contribution ratio in Austria is very high by European standards, taxes on income in particular. This is reflected in a very wide tax wedge between labour costs and net income. The particularly high inflation in Austria in recent years has led to high wage increases and a loss of competitiveness. Based on a model analysis, it is shown that a reduction of taxes on the wage-sum by 1.4 % of GDP dampens the development of wage costs and increases employment by around 0.9 % or 40,000 persons. In addition, the reform reduces the GDP deflator by 0.9 to 0.7 percentage points and implies an increase in the real export volume by 1.4 % in the first three years.
Bedeutung und Charakteristika der im österreichischen Außenhandel tätigen Firmen
Authors: Dachs Bernhard , Stehrer Robert
Published: October 2024

Austria's prosperity depends to a large extent on exports. The proportion of internationally active companies in the Austrian manufacturing industry has increased steadily in recent years. Exporting companies are on average larger, more productive, pay higher wages and salaries and invest more than companies that do not export. A small group of very export-oriented companies is responsible for a large part of Austria's export volume.
Der Standort Österreich aus Sicht der ökonomischen Komplexität
Authors: Klimek Peter
Published: October 2024

Economic complexity indicators attempt to map latent factors for long-term growth. In this analysis, we shed light on Austria as a business location using multidimensional complexity indicators that allow statements to be made about regional specialization, key technologies for the green transition and individual sectors such as the semiconductor industry. Austria usually occupies top international positions or is at least among the leaders, and this has remained stable over the last 20 years. This implies extensive opportunities for diversification into promising technologies. For individual brown industries, however, there is a risk of getting locked into products whose demand will decline in the course of the green transition.
Die Wichtigkeit von Investitionen und Innovationen für den Wirtschaftsstandort
Authors: Köppl-Turyna Monika , Graf Nikolaus
Published: October 2024

Investment is a prerequisite for innovation and technological progress. Investment activity in Austria is currently well below the average of the eurozone countries. In view of a decline in the relative competitive position as a result of restrained investment activity, the question of economic policy measures to improve innovation and investment activity arises. The economic literature identifies a number of factors that can have a positive influence on investment and innovation. These include, in particular, access to cheap capital, improvements in the education system to promote human capital, the reduction of bureaucratic obstacles and a reduction of taxation and public debt.