bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new method for the quantification of ambient particulate matter emissions
Authors: Vratolis Stergios , Diapouli Evangelia , Manousakas Manousos I. , Almeida Susana Marta , Beslic Ivan , Kertesz Zsofia , Samek Lucyna , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos
Published: January 2023

Abstract. An inversion method has been developed in order to quantify the emission rate of certain aerosol pollution sources across a wide region in the Northern hemisphere, mainly in Europe and Western Asia. The data employed are the aerosol contribution factors (sources) deducted by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on a PM2.5 chemical composition dataset from 16 European and Asian cities for the period 2014 to 2016. The spatial resolution of the method corresponds to the geographic grid cell size of the Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART) which was utilized for the air mass backward simulations. The area covered is also related to the location of the 16 cities under study. Species with an aerodynamic geometric mean diameter of 400 nm and 3.1 μm and geometric standard deviation of 1.6 and 2.25 respectively, were used to model the Secondary Sulfate and Dust aerosol transport. PSCF analysis and Generalized Tikhonov regularization were applied so as to acquire potential source areas and quantify their emission rate. A significant source area for Secondary Sulfate on the East of the Caspian Sea is indicated, when data from all stations are used. The maximum emission rate in that area is as high as 10 g * m-2 * s-1. When Vilnius, Dushanbe and Kurchatov data were excluded, the areas with the highest emission factors were the Western and Central Balkans and South Poland. The results display many similarities to the SO2 emission map provided by ECLIPSE database. For Dust aerosol, measurements from Athens, Belgrade, Debrecen, Lisbon, Tirana and Zagreb are utilized. The west Sahara region is indicated as the most important source area and its contribution is quantified, with a maximum of 17.5 g * m-2  * s-1. When we apply the emission rates from every geographic grid cell (1º x 1º) for Secondary Sulfate aerosol deducted with the new method to air masses originating from Vilnius, a good approximation to the measured values is achieved.
Exploring the Drivers of Tropospheric Hydroxyl Radical Trends in the GFDL AM4.1 Atmospheric Chemistry-Climate Model
Authors: Chua Glen , Naik Vaishali , Horowitz Larry Wayne
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We explore the sensitivity of modelled tropospheric hydroxyl (OH) concentration trends to meteorology and near-term climate forcers (NTCFs), namely methane (CH4); nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO2 + NO); carbon monoxide (CO); non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs); and ozone-depleting substances (ODS) using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s (GFDL) atmospheric chemistry-climate model, Atmospheric Model version 4.1 (AM4.1) driven by emissions inventories developed for the Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and forced by observed sea surface temperatures and sea ice prepared in support of the CMIP6 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations. We find that the modelled tropospheric airmass-weighted mean [OH] has increased by ~5 % globally from 1980 to 2014. We find that NOx emissions and CH4 concentrations dominate the modelled global trend, while CO emissions and meteorology were also important in driving regional trends. Modelled tropospheric NO2 column trends are largely consistent with those retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite, but simulated CO column trends generally overestimate those retrieved from the Measurements of Pollution in The Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite, possibly reflecting biases in input anthropogenic emission inventories, especially over China and South Asia.
Revisiting the role of vertical shear in analytic ice shelf models
Authors: Miele Chris , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Enderlin Ellyn M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Analytic modeling of ice shelf flow began when Weertman derived an expression for the strain rates within an unconfined shelf, of uniform thickness, extending only in one direction. Nearly two decades later, Thomas generalized Weertman's analysis to ice shelves of nonuniform thickness, deriving one of the most well-known analytic models in glaciology: . However, despite the prevalence of this model in both historical and contemporary texts, there remain persistent miscommunications regarding the role of vertical shear in its construction. In Thomas' original approach, vertical shear stress was considered negligible in the stress balance; in a significant contrast, the same model is typically derived in contemporary texts by the neglect of basal resistance. These two approaches are not equivalent, and yet, it remains common to misinterpret vertical shear stress as typically neglected in current ice shelf modeling studies. This manuscript provides clarification on this pervasive misconception. We emphasize that vertical shear stress should not be interpreted as negligible in the construction of general shallow shelf models. However, we also demonstrate that the vertical shear stress inherent in Thomas' expression does not give rise to a well-defined vertical shear strain rate. For situations in which vertical shear stress in shallow ice shelf models is of interest, we provide guidance on how to best calculate it.
Stratigraphic noise and its potential drivers across the plateau of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Hirsch Nora , Zuhr Alexandra , Münch Thomas , Hörhold Maria , Freitag Johannes , Dallmayr Remi , Laepple Thomas
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Stable water isotopologues of snow, firn, and ice cores provide valuable information on past climate variations. Yet, stratigraphic noise, introduced by the irregular deposition, wind driven erosion and redistribution of snow, impacts the utility of high resolution isotope records, especially in low accumulation areas. However, it is currently unknown how stratigraphic noise differs across the East Antarctic Plateau and how it is affected by local environmental conditions. Here, we assess the amount and structure of stratigraphic noise at seven sites along a 120 km transect on the plateau of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Replicated oxygen isotope records of 1 m length were used to estimate signal to noise ratios as a measure of stratigraphic noise, while accumulation rates (43–64 mm w.eq. a-1), snow surface roughness and slope inclinations gave insights on the local environmental settings. While we found a high amount of stratigraphic noise at all sites, there was also a considerable amount of spatial variability. At sastrugi dominated sites, higher stratigraphic noise coincided with higher surface roughness, steeper slopes, and lower accumulation rates, probably related to increased wind speeds. These results provide a first step to modelling stratigraphic noise and guide future exhibitions in adjusting their sampling strategies to maximise the usage of high resolution isotope records from low accumulation regions.
Satellite quantification of methane emissions and oil/gas methane intensities from individual countries in the Middle East and North Africa: implications for climate action
Authors: Chen Zichong , Jacob Daniel J. , Gautam Ritesh , Omara Mark , Stavins Robert N. , Stowe Robert C. , Nesser Hannah O. , Sulprizio Melissa P. , Lorente Alba , Varon Daniel J. , Lu Xiao , Shen Lu , Qu Zhen , Pendergrass Drew C. , Hancock Sarah
Published: January 2023

Abstract. We use 2019 TROPOMI satellite observations of atmospheric methane in an analytical inversion to quantify methane emissions from the Middle East and North Africa at up to ~25 km × 25 km resolution, using spatially allocated national UNFCCC reports as prior estimates for the fuel sector. Our resulting best estimate of anthropogenic emissions for the region is 35 % higher than the prior bottom-up estimate (+103 % for gas, +53 % for waste, +49 % for livestock, −14 % for oil) with large variability across countries. Oil and gas account for 38 % of total anthropogenic emissions in the region. TROPOMI observations can effectively optimize and separate national emissions by sector for most of the 23 countries in the region, with 6 countries accounting for most of total anthropogenic emissions including Iran (5.3 (5.0–5.5) Tg a−1; best estimate and uncertainty range), Turkmenistan (4.4 (2.8–5.1) Tg a−1), Saudi Arabia (4.3 (2.4–6.0) Tg a−1), Algeria (3.5 (2.4–4.4) Tg a−1), Egypt (3.4 (2.5–4.0) Tg a−1) , and Turkey (3.0 (2.0–4.1) Tg a−1). Most oil/gas emissions are from the production (upstream) subsector, but Iran, Turkmenistan, and Saudi Arabia have large gas emissions from transmission and distribution subsectors. We identify a high number of annual oil/gas emission hotspots in Turkmenistan, Algeria, Oman, and offshore in the Persian Gulf. We show that oil/gas methane emissions for individual countries are not related to production, invalidating a basic premise in the construction of activity-based bottom-up inventories. Instead, local infrastructure and management practices appear to be key drivers of oil/gas emissions, emphasizing the need for including top-down information from atmospheric observations in the construction of oil/gas emission inventories. We examined the methane intensity, defined as the upstream oil/gas emission per unit of methane gas produced, as a measure of the potential for decreasing emissions from the oil/gas sector, and using as reference the 0.2 % target set by industry. We find that the methane intensity in most countries is considerably higher than this target, reflecting leaky infrastructure combined with deliberate venting or incomplete flaring of gas. However, we also find that Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar meet the industry target and thus show that the target is achievable through capture of associated gas, modern infrastructure, and concentration of operations. Decreasing methane intensities across the Middle East and North Africa to 0.2 % would achieve a 90 % decrease in oil/gas upstream emissions and a 26 % decrease of total anthropogenic methane emissions in the region, making a significant contribution toward the Global Methane Pledge.
The effect of Pliocene regional climate changes on silicate weathering: a potential amplifier of Pliocene-Pleistocene cooling
Authors: Maffre Pierre , Chiang John C. H. , Swanson-Hysell Nicholas L.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The warmer early Pliocene climate featured changes to global sea surface temperature (SST) patterns, namely a reduction to the equator-pole gradient and to the east-west SST gradient in the tropical Pacific, the so-called “permanent El Niño”. Here we investigate the consequences of the SST changes to silicate weathering and thus to atmospheric CO2 on geological timescales. Different SST patterns than today imply regional modifications of the hydrological cycle that directly affects continental silicate weathering in particular over tropical “hotspots” of weathering such as the Maritime continent, thus leading to a “weatherability pattern effect”. We explore the impact of Pliocene SST changes on weathering using climate model and silicate weathering model simulations, and deduce CO2 and temperature at C cycle equilibrium between solid Earth degassing and silicate weathering. In general, we find large regional increases and decreases to weathering fluxes that largely cancel out one another. For permanent El Niño conditions, weathering decreases outweigh the increases, leading to a small amplification of warming relative to the present-day by 0.4 °C. The demise of permanent El Niño could have had a small amplifying effect on cooling from the early Pliocene into the Pleistocene. For the reduced equator-pole gradient, the weathering increases and decreases largely cancel leading to no detectable difference in global temperature at C cycle equilibrium.
Throughfall spatial patterns translate into spatial patterns of soil moisture dynamics – empirical evidence
Authors: Fischer-Bedtke Christine , Metzger Johanna Clara , Demir Goekben , Wutzler Thomas , Hildebrandt Anke
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Throughfall heterogeneity induced by the redistribution of precipitation in vegetation canopies has repeatedly been hypothesized to affect the variation of soil water content and runoff behavior, especially in forests. However, we are not aware of any observational study relating the spatial variation of soil water content directly to net precipitation to confirm modelling hypotheses. Here, we investigate whether throughfall patterns affect the spatial heterogeneity of soil water response in the main rooting zone. We assessed rainfall, throughfall and soil water contents (two depths: 7.5 cm and 27.5 cm) on a 1‐ha temperate mixed beech forest plot in Germany 2015–2016 during the growing seasons in independent high‐resolution stratified random designs. Because throughfall and soil water content cannot be measured at the same location, we used kriging to derive the throughfall values at the locations where soil water content was measured. We first explore the spatial variation and temporal stability of throughfall and soil water patterns, and next evaluate the effects of input (throughfall), soil properties (field capacity and air capacity), and vegetation parameters (canopy cover and distance to the next tree) on soil water content and dynamics. Throughfall spatial patterns were related to canopy density. Although spatial auto-correlation decreased with increasing event sizes, temporally stable throughfall patterns emerged, leading to reoccurring high and lower input locations across precipitation events. A linear mixed effect model analysis showed, that soil water content patterns were only poorly linked to throughfall spatial patterns, and it was rather shaped by unidentified but time constant factors. Instead of soil water content itself, the patterns of its increase after rainfall corresponded more closely to throughfall patterns, in that more water was stored in the soil where throughfall was elevated. Furthermore, soil moisture patterns themselves enhanced or decreased water storage in the soil, and probably fast drainage and runoff components. Locations with low topsoil water content tended to store less of the input water, indicating preferential flow. In contrast in subsoil, locations with high water content stored less water. Also, distance to the next tree and air capacity modified how much water was retained in soil storage. In this comprehensive study we show that throughfall patterns imprint less on soil water contents and more on soil water dynamics shortly after rainfall events, therefore only partly confirming previous modelling with data. Our findings highlight at the same time systematic patterns of times and locations where the capacity to store water is reduced and water probably conducted quickly to greater depth. Our results indicate that not soil moisture patterns but rather percolation may depend on small scale spatial heterogeneity of canopy input patterns.
Automated ArcticDEM iceberg detection tool: insights into area and volume distributions, and their potential application to satellite imagery and modelling of glacier–iceberg–ocean systems
Authors: Shiggins Connor J. , Lea James M. , Brough Stephen
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Iceberg calving accounts for up to half of mass loss from
the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), with their size distributions providing
insights into glacier calving dynamics and impacting fjord environments
through their melting and subsequent freshwater release. Iceberg area and
volume data for the GrIS are currently limited to a handful of fjord
locations, while existing approaches to iceberg detection are often time-consuming and are not always suited for long time series analysis over large
spatial scales. This study presents a highly automated workflow that detects
icebergs and appends their associated metadata within Google Earth Engine
using high spatial resolution timestamped ArcticDEM (Arctic Digital
Elevation Model) strip data. This is applied to three glaciers that exhibit
a range of different iceberg concentrations and size distributions: Sermeq
Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Umiammakku Isbræ and Kangiata Nunaata
Sermia. A total of 39 ArcticDEM scenes are analysed, detecting a total of
163 738 icebergs with execution times of 6 min to 2 h for each
glacier depending on the number of DEMs available and total area analysed,
comparing well with the mapping of manually digitised outlines. Results
reveal two distinct iceberg distributions at Sermeq Kujalleq and Kangiata
Nunaata Sermia where iceberg density is high, and one distribution at
Umiammakku Isbræ where iceberg density is low. Small icebergs (< 1000 m2) are found to account for over 80 % of each glacier's
icebergs; however, they only contribute to 10 %–37 % of total iceberg volume
suggesting that large icebergs are proportionally more important for glacier
mass loss and as fjord freshwater reservoirs. The overall dataset is used to
construct new area-to-volume conversions (with associated uncertainties)
that can be applied elsewhere to two-dimensional iceberg outlines derived
from optical or synthetic aperture radar imagery. When data are expressed in
terms of total iceberg count and volume, insight is provided into iceberg
distributions that have potential applicability to observations and
modelling of iceberg calving behaviour and fjord freshwater fluxes. Due to
the speed and automated nature of our approach, this workflow offers the
potential to interrogate iceberg data on a pan-Arctic scale where ArcticDEM
strip data coverage allows.
Comparison Metrics Microscale Simulation Challenge for Wind Resource Assessment
Authors: Hammer Florian , Barber Sarah , Remmler Sebastian , Bernardoni Federico , Venkatraman Kartik , Díez Sánchez Gustavo A. , Schubiger Alain , Hågbo Trond-Ola , Buckingham Sophia , Giljarhus Knut Erik
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The main goals of a wind resource assessment (WRA) at a given site are to estimate the wind speed and annual energy production (AEP) of the planned wind turbines. Several steps are involved in going from initial wind speed estimations of specific locations to a comprehensive full-scale AEP assessment. These steps differ significantly between the chosen tool and the individuals performing the examination. The goal of this work is to compare different WRA simulation tools at the Perdigão site in Portugal, for which a large amount of wind measurement data is available, in terms of both accuracy and costs. Results from nine different simulations from five different modellers were obtained via the "IEA Wind Task 31 Comparison metrics simulation challenge for wind resource assessment in complex terrain", consisting of a range of linear models, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics models and Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The wind speed and AEP prediction errors for three different met mast positions across the site were investigated and further translated into relative “skill” and “cost” scores, using a method previously developed by the authors. This allowed the most optimal simulation tool in terms of accuracy and cost to be chosen for this site. It was found that the RANS simulations achieved very high prediction accuracy at relatively low costs for both wind speed and AEP estimations. The LES simulations achieved great wind speed prediction for certain conditions, but at a much higher cost, which in turn also reduced the number of possible simulations, leading to a decrease in AEP prediction accuracy. For some of the simulations, the forest canopy was explicitly modelled, which was proven to be beneficial for wind speed predictions at lower heights above the ground, but lead to under-estimations of wind speeds at upper heights, decreasing the AEP prediction accuracy. Lastly, low correlation qualities between wind speed and AEP prediction error were found for each position, showing that accurate wind modelling is not necessarily the only important variable in the WRA process, and that all the steps must be considered.
Memoria histórica y apps para el desarrollo de la competencia social y cívica: efectos del Proyecto 1936 en el profesorado en formación inicial
Authors: Gillate Iratxe , Castrillo Janire , Luna Ursula , Ibáñez-Etxeberria Alex
Published: January 2023

La enseñanza de la historia tiene entre sus objetivos crear una ciudadanía capaz de interpretar los hechos sociales desde una perspectiva crítica. Para lograrlo, el profesorado de Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales plantea que es necesario realizar cambios en los métodos de enseñanza, como son la introducción de temas socialmente controvertidos en el aula, como la memoria histórica; y la utilización de recursos tecnológicos, como apps. El objetivo de esta investigación es, dentro de ese marco, evaluar la efectividad de la intervención educativa Proyecto 1936 con la app Eibar 1936-1937 Guía en la formación inicial del profesorado de educación primaria y verificar si su implementación contribuye a aumentar el interés por aprender historia; si esto implica mejoras en el desarrollo de la competencia social y cívica; analizando también posibles diferencias por sexo. Participaron 147 estudiantes (68,7% mujeres) del Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad del País Vasco. Se utilizó un cuestionario con variables diseñadas para evaluar las metodologías docentes, el interés para el estudio de la historia y la competencia social y cívica, en relación a la guerra civil y la memoria histórica. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, diferencias de medias y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para poner a prueba el modelo explicativo hipotetizado. Los resultados sugieren la validez del modelo, ya que la introducción de temas socialmente controvertidos y recursos didácticos tecnológicos se asocia a un aumento del interés para el estudio de la historia, que incide en el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana. Por otro lado, manifiestan diferencias por sexo en todas las variables, constatándose mejores resultados para el grupo de las mujeres antes y después de la intervención, especialmente en la competencia social y ciudadana, y en su seno, en la dimensión conocimiento del pasado: guerra civil española.
El enfoque educativo STEAM: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: García Fuentes Olalla , Raposo Rivas Manuela , Martínez Figueira Mª Esther
Published: January 2023

La aparición del movimiento maker y la filosofía DIY (Do It Yourself) está provocando el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías, enfoques y recursos educativos que se basan en principios como la creación, la colaboración y el aprender haciendo. Uno de estos nuevos enfoques es STEAM, que se fundamenta en la necesidad de apostar por las ciencias (S), la tecnología (T), la ingeniería (E), las artes (A) y las matemáticas (M) de manera transversal e interdisciplinar, para transformar los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, en procesos integrados y creativos (Yakman, 2008a). MÉTODO. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre estudios e investigaciones relacionados con el enfoque educativo STEAM, con el objetivo de obtener una visión general de la literatura científica producida sobre ello entre los años 2008-2019. Se han identificado en Scopus, ERIC, Dialnet, GoogleScholar y ResearchGate y analizado un total de 48 artículos con una hoja de registro elaborada a tal efecto. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran que el 83.3% de la investigaciones que se realizan son de tipo cuantitativo, el 12.5% cualitativas y el 4.1% mixtas. Siendo el objetivo principal (39.5%) el desarrollo, aplicación y evaluación de propuestas STEAM y la temática más recurrente (60.4%) el análisis de la combinación del arte con la ciencia, la tecnología o las matemáticas. DISCUSIÓN. La investigación confirma que STEAM se posiciona como un enfoque eficaz para aumentar la creatividad, la motivación y la autoeficacia del alumnado en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje, siempre que prime la interdisciplinariedad y la conexión con la vida real de los contenidos, a través de las metodologías de investigación o indagación. Siendo las principales dificultades para la puesta en marcha de proyectos STEAM, las limitaciones económicas, curriculares y temporales del profesorado.
Use of sorption premixes in fish farming as a prevention of nutritional toxicosis
Authors: Popova O. S. , Baryshev V. A.
Published: January 2023

Climate change is a fact with serious implications that extend to pollution, seafood safety and global food security.

The studies were carried out in 2022, on the basis of the FGBOU HE SPbGUVM. Guppy aquarium fish were taken as objects of exploratory research. In the amount of 45 pieces. All objects were placed in the same habitat conditions: 3 aquariums of 10 liters each, males were selected, 10 pcs each. Three groups were created: the first group was given acetate as a lead toxicant, at the rate of 1g/10l, which is 10 times higher than the MPC, which is 0.1g/l according to existing regulations. The second group was given a toxicant in an equivalent dose and a sorption complex (vermiculite, perlite and polyphepan) at the rate of 4% of the daily norm, the control group remained free of toxicants and premix.

The toxicant was given once, the sorption complex for a month, crushed and mixed with the feed beforehand. Feeding was carried out with specialized Tetra food. After 30 days. guppy tissue and organ samples were sent to the laboratory of the Educational and Research Center for the Expertise of Food Products and Feed for Animals (FGBOU VO SPbGUVM, St. Petersburg). A study on the detection of lead in tissues and organs was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry M 04-64-2017, using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrical atomization MGA-915.

According to our exploratory studies, the premix dose of 4% allowed to reduce the amount of toxins by almost three times under equal conditions. Thus, this complex of sorbents can be used as a prevention of altimentary toxicosis with lead acetate in aquarium fish, and also that a premix of sorbents can be recommended for use in fisheries after industrial testing.
Food safety monitoring in the course of state veterinary control (supervision)
Authors: Poyarkova T. V. , Zakhodnova D. V. , Shershneva I. I.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes the state veterinary laboratory monitoring in the implementation of federal state veterinary control (supervision). Studied the regulatory framework for food safety. The data on the number of samples taken and the results of laboratory studies of samples of food products, feed and feed additives for veterinary safety for the period 2020-2022 for the subjects of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region were analyzed. Sampling is carried out by specialists of the NorthWestern Interregional Directorate of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance as part of safety monitoring for research at the testing centers of Rosselkhoznadzor. The task of conducting laboratory studies (tests) of the safety of goods subject to veterinary control (supervision) is to establish compliance or non-compliance of goods subject to veterinary control (supervision) with the unified veterinary (veterinary and sanitary) requirements of the Eurasian Union.

To ensure the quality and safety of food products, it is necessary to control their compliance with the mandatory requirements of the technical regulations of the Eurasian Economic Union; improve the organization of quality control and food safety, including the creation of a modern technical and methodological base; improve mechanisms to encourage producers to produce food products that meet the principles of healthy nutrition, including agricultural products, raw materials and food that meet established veterinary and other requirements; to strengthen the administrative responsibility of food producers and officials for violation of the mandatory requirements for food products established in the acts constituting the law of the Eurasian Economic Union and in the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
Clinical case of isolation and identification of Streptococcus equi subsp. Zooepidemicus
Authors: Makavchik S. A. , Smirnova L. I.
Published: January 2023

Streptococci manifest their pathogenic properties by reducing the overall resistance of the organism or individual tissues.

Purpose of the work: isolation, identification and study of the biological properties of isolates isolated from the foal.

A pure culture was obtained, morphological, cultural and biochemical properties were studied.

For the subsequent identification of streptococci to species, two api 20 Strep test systems (BIOMERIEUX, France) were used. To determine the serological group of streptococci, a latex agglutination test was used using a kit for diagnosing streptococci of groups A, B, C, D, F, and G (OXOID, UK).

Laboratory methods of diagnostics for the identification of causative agents of streptococcosis and their species differentiation have been studied. Virulent Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus caused abscesses in the area of the elbow joint of the foal. Isolation of bacterial cultures was carried out by the bacteriological method. Isolated Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus had the fermentation of a number of carbohydrates: sorbitol, there was no splitting of lactose, tregolose. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus hydrolyzed esculin, no D-ribose fermentation was noted. However, the fermentation of carbohydrates is not a stable and clear sign, therefore it is not used for differentiation and identification of streptococci.

When inoculated on blood agar with 5% sheep blood after cultivation for 24 hours at 37 0C, small gray-white colonies were found, surrounded by a wide transparent zone of beta-hemolysis. Catalase test is negative.

As a result, it was found that the isolated culture belongs to the species Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus belonging to group C according to Lancefield.

Modern laboratory diagnostics requires an integrated approach to identification, which includes bacteriological and serological methods - polyphase analysis. When identifying streptococci, the determination of their serological group according to Lancefield is of great importance. For this purpose, a latex agglutination reaction is convenient using a kit for diagnosing streptococci of groups A, B, C, D, F and G (OXOID, UK), coagglutination "Streptotest A, B, C, D, G" (AQUAPAST).
Milk microflora for mastitis in cows
Authors: Ladanova M. A.
Published: January 2023

Mastitis in cows is currently a pathology that causes great economic damage to livestock farms around the world. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of milk are decreasing. Prevention and treatment of breast inflammation in cows is one of the main tasks of veterinarians. For successful treatment, it is necessary to understand the etiology, especially in infectious mastitis. In order to determine the pathogenic microflora that causes mastitis in cattle, we conducted a bacteriological study of 10 milk samples from cows with breast inflammation in one of the livestock farms of the North-Western region. For the bacteriological study of milk, each sample was taken into a sterile disposable plastic container, the first trickles of milk were pre-deposited. As a result of the conducted studies, mastitis in cows caused by different microorganisms is observed, it follows that not only the farm has its own microbial landscape, but in each case different microorganisms cause mastitis. Cultures of conditionally pathogenic microflora - enterobacteria, coccoid microflora – were isolated from the material. Cultures of Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic microflora were not isolated in any sample. High resistance of staphylococci to antibacterial drugs of different groups was revealed. Based on the data obtained, it is worth noting the need for a bacteriological study before each appointment of mastitis treatment in cattle, especially during antibacterial therapy. It is necessary to take into account the developing resistance in pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. It is also important to note the relevance of creating a drug for the specific prevention of mastitis of cows of bacterial etiology.
EFEK PEMBERIAN MODEL LATIHAN DUMBELL TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT TANGAN DAN PENINGKATAN KETEPATAN SERVIS
Authors: Arifin Z. , Sonjaya Azhar Ramadhana , Saefulloh Arif , Kosasih Alam Hadi
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya efek pemberian model latihan dumbbel terhadap kekuatan otot tangan dan terhadap ketepatan servis atas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data ini menggunakan one group pretest-posttest. Yang pertama pretest dengan instrument tes kekuatan otot tangan dan tes ketepatan servis atas, yang kedua posttest dengan instrument tes kekuatan otot tangan dan tes ketepatan servis atas terhadap 18 atlet dan diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian kekuatan otot tangan diperoleh dengan nilai t hitung > t tabel (3.9784 > 2,110) dan tingkat signifikan 0,000 < 0,05 dan hasil dari ketepatan servis diperoleh dengan nilai thitung > ttabel (2.777 > 2,110). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan adanya efek terhadap kekuatan otot tangan dan peningkatan ketepatan servis atas.
PENGARUH LATIHAN KONDISI FISIK TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT LENGAN PADA ATLET KARATE
Authors: Kurniawati Ani , Baihaki Baim Imam , Sonjaya Azhar Ramadhana
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan kondisi fisik terhadap kekuatan otot lengan pada atlet karate. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sor Ciateul Kabupaten Garut dengan populasi sebanyak 18 orang dan sampel usia 14-17 tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam data terdapat pengaruh latihan kondisi fisik terhadap kekuatan otot lengan pada atlet karate. Hasil uji-t untuk tes banyaknya skor push up diperoleh nilai t-hitung sebesar -11.859 sedangkan t-tabel memperoleh nolai 0.000 ï€¼ 0.005 pada kelompok eksperimen. Berarti lebih besar dari t-tabel, maka (H0 ditolak). Dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan kondisi fisik dapat berpengaruh terhadap kekuatan otot lengan pada atlet karate.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TYPE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT DEVISION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEKNIK DASAR PASSING BAWAH BOLA VOLI
Authors: Kurniawati Ani , Nurdiansyah Dian , Sonjaya Azhar Ramadhana
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti Pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif type student team achievement devision terhadap hasil belajar teknik dasar pasing bawah bola voli Adapun metode yang diginakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Quasi Exsperimental. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 03 Sukamaju dengan populasi sebanyak 25 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif type student achievement devision berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar teknik dasar pasing bawah bola voli. didapatkan nilai t-hitung sebesar 6,310 lebih besar dari t-tabel sebesar 2,064 uji hipotesis juga dapat dilihat dari nilai sig. (p-value) dimana p-value = 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05 sehingga menolak dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif type student achievement devision memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar teknik dasar pasing bawah bola voli.
Audit Forensik Untuk Pencegahan Korupsi Dengan Menggunakan Whistleblowing Untuk Deteksi Suap
Authors: Hartono Putri Ailani Almira , Trisnaningsih Sri
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of forensic audits to detect bribery with whistleblowing support and the role of the KPK in preventing corruption in the Covid-19 disaster budget funds. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method by observing and analyzing all information related to the research topic both through (literature review, literature research, library research, and combined with previous research in order to explain the phenomena that will occur. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that forensic audit very effective for detecting bribes using the support of the whistleblowing system.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebijakan Utang dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Pemoderasi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Andy Andy , Angeline Giovanni , Roberto Yose , Wijaya Henryanto , Febrianty Levina
Published: January 2023

Dividend policies, asset structure, company size, growth, and profitability can all impact how manufacturing companies manage their debt. The research was conducted between 2017 and 2019 with a purposive sampling method of 37 manufacturers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The debt policy is the independent variable in this study, whereas the dependent variables are as follows: dividend policy, company performance, asset structure, and liquidity. Profitability serves as a moderating variable. The findings indicate that the dividend policy alongside liquidity has a significant impact on a company's debt policy, whereas asset structure, company size and growth, and profitability have no significant impact on debt policy. The profitability variable has little effect on the relationship between debt policy and dividend policy, asset structure, size, firm growth, and liquidity. This study summarizes the importance of prudent debt management in order to avoid an imbalance of internal and external resources.
PENGARUH TARIF DAN SISTEM PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP NIAT MELAKUKAN PENGGELAPAN PAJAK
Authors: Wardani Dewi Kusuma , Rahmawatiningsih Nurfitri
Published: January 2023

This study aims to examine whether tax rates and the taxation system affect the intention to commit tax evasion. This study took a sample of students at the Tamansiswa University of Yogyakarta. In this study the authors used a sampling technique using covenience sampling, in collecting data the authors used a questionnaire. From distributing the questionnaires, 100 respondents were obtained. The results of this study indicate that the tax rate has a positive effect on the intention to commit tax evasion. The tax system has no effect on the intention to commit tax evasion.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2019-2021
Authors: Wijoyo Amin , Hidajat Nastasya Cindy
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to test and analyze how strong the influence of the independent variables leverage, corporate strategy, cash holding, and profitability both individually and simultaneously in influencing earnings management. The population that will be used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for 2019 - 2021. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique and obtained a sample of 72 companies from 204 companies. The results of this study show that all independent variables simultaneously affect the dependent variable used in this study. Individually cash holding and profitability affect earnings management significantly, then leverage and corporate strategy do not significantly affect earnings management.
FRAUD LAPORAN KEUANGAN: PREVENTIF TERHADAP FRAUD PADA PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Laudeciska Leni , Yanni Yanni , Yunita Yunita
Published: January 2023

Economic losses due to fraud financial statements have harmed the organization and the community. This is due to the limitations of risk management strategies available in efforts to prevent financial statements fraud by company managers and auditors, this strategy is able to prevent fraud proactively and help build future financial statements. This multi-case qualitative research aims to explore early detection and the authors use the conceptual framework of risk management in prevention of fraud over financial statements. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a gap in the concept of risk management in current practice to detect and prevent fraud, as well as the auditor's perspective in creating proactive anti -fraud models. In addition, with this finding the auditor can also develop early detection guidelines, and practitioners can develop anti-fraud risk management procedures.
KAJIAN PUSTAKA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERATAAN LABA SEBAGAI PRAKTIK MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: Widyantoro Dhenta Agusti , Lutfiana Imroatul , Karisma Alfira Tiara , Rahmadani Aldalita Ajeng , Mustoffa Ardyan Firdausi
Published: January 2023

One of the valuation tools used to analyze financial statements is the profit earned by a company in order to be able to present good and appropriate company profits. The earnings management practice that companies tend to use is called "Income smoothing." Income smoothing is one way for entity management to increase or decrease profits by reducing fluctuations in profits from year to year. Income smoothing is often used to increase profits from a high-income year to a year that does not meet a company's profit standards. The population used in this article review is all SINTA accredited research results for the 2015–2021 period regarding components that affect income smoothing. data analysis method with descriptive and qualitative analysis approach. There are several components that influence the practice of equalizing profits, namely company size, profitability, cash holding, and company value. This research was conducted after collecting research results on income smoothing factors through literature studies.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PERTUMBUHAN LABA PERUSAHAAN PT. HANJAYA MANDALA SAMPOERNA TBK PERIODE 2017-2021
Authors: Situngkir Tiar Lina , Aprilia Dilla Agiel Dwi , Rahman Fifi Nurul , Komala Neng Lala , Hidayat Rahmat , Zidane Rizal
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the financial performance of PT. Hanjaya Mandala Sampoerna Tbk for the 2017-2020 season. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive analysis and the Du Pont system was used as a method, namely calculating the ratio of NPM, TATO, ROA, EM, ROE. The data source used in this study comes from secondary data, namely financial report data published through idx.co.id in the form of income statements for 2017-2021. The results showed that PT Hanjaya Mmandala Sampoerna Tbk underwent adjustments from 2017 to 2019, but the company's performance decreased in 2020 and 2021.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RASIONALITAS KENAIKAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Suherman Acep , Indrawan Andri , Kartini Tina
Published: January 2023

Land and building tax is local revenue that is collected from the community for land and building ownership. The rationality of the people in this study is shown in the form of public awareness in accepting and paying land and building taxes. The purpose of this study is to explain how people are invited to participate rationally in increasing land and building taxes and being obedient in paying taxes. The research method used in this study uses  quantitative methods. The results of the statistical test show that the variable bearing power has a positive and significant effect on the awareness as well as the benefits of taxes variable which has a positive and significant effect on the awareness as a manifestation of community participation and mutual cooperation under Development.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN DAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP MANAJEMEN PAJAK PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Kuswanto Randy , Andrianus Steven
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara size, leverage, profitability, inventory intensity, komisaris independen dan kepemilikan manajerial memiliki pengaruh terhadap manajemen pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017 sampai dengan tahun 2019 menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode Analisa yang digunakan adalah model regresi linear berganda dan berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan maka diperoleh sebanyak 66 data perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa profitability dan inventory intensity berpengaruh terhadap manajemen pajak, sedangkan antara size, leverage, komisaris independen dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap manajemen pajak.
Evaluation of Quality of Life in Metropolitan Areas in a Developing Country Context: The Case of Tabriz, Iran
Authors: Alizadeh Shahin , Teimouri Raziyeh
Published: January 2023

In developing countries, one of the critical issues in urban planning is investigating and recognizing the quality of life (QoL) in metropolitan areas and preparing a comprehensive solution for it. Recognition of QoL indicators and evaluating their situation in different urban areas is a significant aspect of urban planning and development in metropolitan areas. The present study aims to evaluate the defined indicators of QoL in the urban areas of Tabriz Metropolis. After identifying the effective criteria, a pairwise comparison was conducted by the AHP method to find their weights. Then, ten Tabriz Municipality Districts and three towns located in the metropolitan area, including Basmenj, Sardrood, and Khosrowshahr, were ranked using the models of VIKOR, ELECTRE, and MORRIS. The results indicated that the QoL of districts 5, 2, and 9 among the municipality districts got the highest ranks and had a better situation than the other districts. On the other hand, districts 1, 4, and 6 have no good conditions in terms of QoL. Among the studied towns, Sardrood has better conditions regarding QoL than the others.
BEHAVIOR OF SOILS AND DISSIPATIVE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES DURING THE FORMATION OF A LANDSLIDE BLOCK
Authors:   Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience of Russian Academy of Sciences, Postoev German P. , Kazeev Andrey I. ,   Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kuchukov Marat M. ,   Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The peculiarities of soil state and strength and its role as a “weak” layer in the groundmass are often represented as the main factor that determines the occurrence of a landslide or its activation. These concepts are usually extended both to shallow shear landslides and liquefaction-flow types, as well as to deep block landslides, such as compression-extrusion type, with the release of so-called “the main deformable horizon” of soils in the latter. The formation of a new landslide block is accompanied by the occurrence of destructive displacements in the landslide cirque, involving in displacements of the whole slope. Such events are common in urbanized areas, on slopes with the development of deep compression-extrusion landslides. This article discusses the mechanism of formation of a landslide block and the geological features of transformation of the stress-strain state of the ground mass. New data on the behavior of soils at various stages of dissipation are presented, including the case when the dissipative geological structure is separated from the bedrock in the form of a landslide block.
The Islamic Republic’s “Look to the East” policy and the Formation of a New World Order
Authors: Alamdari Kazem
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to study the “Look to the East” policy of the Islamic Republic in the context of the formation of the new world order around the two axes of liberal democracy and dictatorship. Russia’s attempt to regain its past superpower position and China’s “New Silk Road” economic project are two columns of the formation of the new world order. For the Islamic Republic, the economies of Russia and China form the “Eastern Dawn” that they can rely on for the development of their society and their survival. At the same time, the Islamic Republic’s “Look to the East” policy serves Putin’s illusion of “returning history” and has also led to a 25-year cooperation agreement between Iran and China that is distinct from China’s Silk Road plan.