bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference values of the environmental impact of building services systems
Authors: Bionda Davide , Domingo-Irigoyen Silvia , Settembrini Gianrico
Published: November 2019

Within the scope of the present study, reference values for embodied energy, greenhouse gas emissions and total environmental impact of heating, ventilation, sanitary and electrical systems were compiled. The focus was put on building services systems that are common and widespread in residential, administrative and school buildings. The main objective of the study was to convert the existing data into user-friendly reference values, which should allow an evaluation and optimization during the early phases of project planning of the environmental impact of building services systems.
Accelerating the diffusion of energy-efficient building technologies with policies – The case of Switzerland
Authors: Schwarz Marius , Knoeri Christof
Published: November 2019

The diffusion of energy-efficient building technologies is crucial for decarbonizing the building sector. However, many of these technologies diffuse slowly despite being economically superior compared to carbon-intensive alternatives. This study analyzes how combinations of different policies can effectively close this energy-efficiency gap. Applying an agent-based model that represents construction planning in Switzerland between 1995-2015, we ex-post evaluate the impact of four policies – financial incentives, mandatory building energy codes, voluntary energy labels, information campaigns – on the diffusion of three technologies – heat pumps, comfort ventilation, low-e glazing. Results indicate type and timing of policy combinations as key for successful technology diffusion.
Combined desiccant-ejector cooling system assisted by Organic Rankine Cycle for zero-power cooling and dehumidification
Authors: Heidari Amirreza , Rostamzadeh Hadi , Khovalyg Dolaana
Published: November 2019

This study presents a novel set-up for desiccant-based cooling and dehumidification systems. In this cycle, a solid desiccant and conventional combined cooling and power (CCP) systems, based on the ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) and the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), are integrated to provide dehumidification and cooling, simultaneously. The ERC is integrated with the ORC for devising a self-powered design which has not been done until now. The proposed integrated system is useful for replacing the peak electricity demand with the heat demand, decreasing the pressure on the power grid in humid areas. Dynamic hourly simulation of the proposed system as well as a conventional system were performed to show the energy saving potential of the proposed system.
Strategies to maximise the autonomy of neighbourhoods with the integration of renewable energies
Authors: Siraganyan Karni , Mauree Dasaraden , Robin Damien , Uhlhorn Eva , Scartezzini Jean-Louis
Published: November 2019

A simulation tool (EcoSim) has been developed to analyse the economic and environmental aspects of the integration of several energy conversion units. For a given investment over 25 years, the tool calculates the self-consumption rate, the autonomy level, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and the CO2 emissions. A neighbourhood is modelled using the Rhino software. Then the dynamic simulation software, CitySim Pro, determines the hourly energy demand and solar PV generation. Finally, the techno-economic and environmental parameters are calculated using EcoSim. For this neighbourhood located in Basel, the self-consumption rate is maximised by combining solar PV and battery. With the sale of locally produced electricity to the residents of the neighbourhood, we have shown that the implementation of such a self-consumption community leads to a more economically profitable situation as compared to the current case where electricity is bought from an industrial company.
Bidirectional low temperature networks in urban districts: A novel design methodology based on mathematical optimization
Authors: Wirtz Marco , Kivilip Lukas , Remmen Peter , Müller Dirk
Published: November 2019

Bidirectional low temperature networks (BLTN) are a sustainable and energy efficient concept to supply urban districts with heating and cooling. In this work, we present a linear program (LP) for designing BLTNs. Based on a superstructure, the optimal energy conversion units are selected and sized for each building connected to the network and an energy hub. The superstructure of HVAC systems in buildings comprises heat pumps, electric boilers, thermal storages, compression chillers, cooling towers and heat exchangers for direct cooling with the BLTN. Within a case study, the LP is applied to a district with 17 buildings on a research campus in Germany. The performance of the BLTN is compared to a heating and cooling supply by individual HVAC systems for each building. With a BLTN, the total annualized costs can be reduced by 42 % and the CO2 emissions by 56 %, compared to stand-alone HVAC systems.
Modeling of Petri-Net-based control algorithms for the simulation-based improvement of the planning process of building energy systems
Authors: Cai Xiaoye , Schild Thomas , Schreiber Thomas , Baranski Marc , Müller Dirk
Published: November 2019

The increasing integration of renewable forms of energy into building energy systems raises the need for the use of more complex energy conversion and distribution systems. These are often equipped with complex automation systems, which require methods for structured development of control algorithms. In practice, textual descriptions of control algorithms represent a considerable source of failures. The digitization of the planning process is a core element in facilitating control development and supporting the engineering in the process automation. With regard to the digitization of the planning process, we have introduced the MODI-method in previous work. This method allows structured control development in early stages of the planning process and can be extended by performing simulations, i.e. an algorithm implemented as a Petri-Net. In this paper, we investigate the integration of this method into the simulation-based planning and an approach to model an algorithm based on Petri-Net. The case study shows the functionality of this method and the modeling approach. In future work, the MODI-method will be compared with other control strategies and applied in complex systems for further development.
The SDE4 Learning Trail: Crowdsourcing occupant comfort feedback at a net-zero energy building
Authors: Sood Tapeesh , Quintana Matias , Jayathissa Prageeth , AbdelRahman Mahmoud , Miller Clayton
Published: November 2019

This study describes a human-building interaction framework called the SDE Learning Trail, a mobile app that is currently deployed at the SDE4 building - the new Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) at the National University of Singapore (NUS). This framework enables building occupants and visitors to learn about the well and green features of the new NZEB while facilitating collection of environmental comfort feedback in a simple and intuitive way. Within just three months, 1163 feedback responses of thermal, visual and aural comfort were obtained. A total of 616 participants have contributed to the study till date, with 79 participants who provided five or more instances of feedback. This data set provides new opportunities for understanding occupant comfort behavior through supervised and unsupervised data-driven methods. This paper demonstrates how occupants can be clustered into comfort personality types that could be used as a foundation for prediction and recommendation systems that use real-time occupant behavior instead of rigid comfort models. We provide an overview of the application methodology and initial results in the SDE4 building.
Perspective on daylight provision according to the new European standard “Daylight in Buildings” (EN 17037)
Authors: Paule Bernard , Flourentzou Flourentzos
Published: November 2019

The entry into force of the first European standard dealing with daylight is very good news. However, the objectives set by this standard in terms of daylight provision are quite demanding and the consequences on the design of buildings are far from neutral. Based on simulations conducted with the DIAL+ software, the study focuses on the Daylight Provision criterion and looks at the influence of localization (latitude). The work consists of the evaluation of a 2 case-studies and analyses the results obtained for 4 locations in Europe. The aim is to put in perspective, on the one hand, the daylighting performance and, on the other hand, the induced energy consumption in terms of heating, cooling and electric lighting. This gives a better idea of the consequences of this Standard on the overall energy performance and allows to question the objectives set by the standard
Effect of atrium geometry and reflectance on daylighting in adjacent rooms
Authors: Ferreira T , Bournas I , Dubois M-C
Published: November 2019

Atria are implemented in buildings to increase daylight, foster interaction and provide ventilation. However, their implementation can be complex if good daylight is to be achieved. This research proposed an investigation about the atrium parameters that affect daylight conditions in a case study. This evaluation concentrated in the atrium geometry and the wall reflectance values. Overall, the outcomes demonstrated that shifting the atrium from an enclosed to a semi-enclosed one can double the daylight in the atrium adjacent rooms. Moreover, it is possible to achieve better daylight in the adjacent rooms by keeping the same floor area of the building.
The energy of the green: green facades and vertical farm as dynamic envelope for resilient building
Authors: Trombadore Antonella , Paludi Beatrice , Dostuni Michele
Published: November 2019

The paper shares the results of a design submitted to a competition launched by the University of Wageningen, focusing on the retrofitting action of one of the existing towers of the former Bijlmerbajes prison complex in Amsterdam. The effort of an interdisciplinary team was oriented to demonstrating that it is possible to imagine the architectonic environment as a living organism, being part of the new food production chain, sponsoring zero kilometer products and increasing buildings’ sustainable comfort while reducing their energy consumptions. Promoting a healthy lifestyle, an awareness of how to environmentally friendly behave and keeping the ecological footprint as low as possible were the main goals we wanted to achieve with our retrofitting and regenerative proposal of the GreenTower.
Assessing the impact of a differentiated retrofit approach in UK domestic buildings
Authors: Ben Hui , Steemers Koen
Published: November 2019

Conventionally, publicly accessible retrofit recommendations use calculations based on standardised occupant behaviour. However, studies have shown that occupant behaviour can have a significant impact on energy consumption and subsequent retrofit savings. This paper assesses the impact of a differentiated retrofit approach using household archetypes grouped according to similar behavioural patterns, dwelling and household characteristics. The results showed that distinguishing between different household groups can significantly improve overall retrofit effectiveness. The ambition is to enable better home retrofits for a sustainable housing stock, while meeting the UK Government’s goal of carbon emissions reduction.
Solution Renovation – typological guidelines for the energetic retrofit of multi housing residential buildings in Geneva
Authors: Rinquet Lionel , Geiger Aline
Published: November 2019

The project “Solution Renovation” aims to promote the energy transition and renovation of existing multi housing buildings in canton Geneva by providing incentives and assistance to owners to trigger renovation decisions. Solution Renovation offers to the owners’ project guidelines (meta-diagnostics) for their buildings, in relation to their renovation potential, based on a typological analysis of structures and envelopes. The building population has been classified into nine different façade typologies. For each typology 1 or 2 detailed refurbishment scenarios have been developed, with cost and energy saving estimations to serve as guidelines to owners.
Performance evaluation and post-occupancy evaluation of a naturally ventilated lecture theatre in Reunion Island
Authors: Payet Maareva , David Mathieu , Gandemer Jacques , Garde François
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the Post Occupancy Evaluation of the first naturally ventilated lecture theatre built in a tropical region. The challenge was to design a bioclimatic amphitheatre of 550 seats, which does not use air conditioning and remains comfortable at the same time. A post-occupancy evaluation has been carried out based on, in parallel, indoor and outdoor measurements, and a user’s survey. Airflow measurement is used to check the good performance in terms of natural ventilation. A follow-up of the building’s actual consumption has been carried out as well, which showed overall positive results. 92% of the users feel comfortable or slightly comfortable during the hottest days. Nevertheless, 50% of them would prefer to get more air movements. In terms of energy consumption, the lecture theatre consumes four times less than a standard one.
Information architecture for the implementation of a technological platform that manages research production in higher education institutions
Authors: Rodríguez J P , Leal J L , Gallardo O A
Published: November 2019

Scientific communication and diffusion is one of the challenges of higher education institutions, related to the implementation of strategies of free access to the scientific and technological productivity of the teachers and researchers of the institutions, which allow to increase the visibility and impact of the research, for which a model of information architecture of the technological platform for the management of the investigative production of teachers and researchers was designed, under an environment focused on satisfying the information needs of the users that allows to organize, to group and to visualize the information by means of metadata. The research is of exploratory-descriptive type, through which the products of science, technology and innovation that should be visible in the technological platform were identified, generating as a result an architecture model-view-controller, with data storage in a relational database, which has access through a RESTful API made in Java, the views and controllers were made in HyperText markup language and JavaServer pages respectively. MySQL was used as a relational database engine to store information and MYSQL Workbench as a platform for the construction of the relationship model between entities, tables and columns; which will be used as a framework for the design, planning and implementation of the technological platform.
Thermal properties of zirconia-alumina coatings obtained by thermal spray flame
Authors: Ferrer M , Vargas F , Moreno C M
Published: November 2019

Thermal spraying makes possible to manufacture coatings of a large number of materials, including those with a high melting point, such as ceramics. There are different ways of manufacturing these coatings, two of them are air-plasma spraying and flame spray. In this study the zirconia and alumina coatings were manufactured by flame spray, their morphology was studied and compared with their thermal conductivity and diffusivity properties. The morphology was studied from scanning electron microscope micrographs and the thermal properties measured by the laser flash method. It was discovered that the type of flame used to obtain the coatings influences the percentage porosity and thickness and that this in turn, affects its thermal properties.
Unburned bodies of mineral carbon coming from Colmena kilns placed in the metropolitan area of San José de Cúcuta, Colombia: Possibilities of reuse
Authors: Sanchez-Molina J , Sanchez-Zuñiga J , Gelves J F
Published: November 2019

In this work residues from the combustion process of the mineral coal used to generate energy in the kilns of the ceramic industry in the metropolitan area of San José de Cúcuta were collected and characterized. The material collected was subjected to grain size reduction and characterized by gravimetric thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, microstructural analysis by X ray diffraction and chemical composition from X-ray fluorescence. The results obtained show that the unburned bodies coming from Colmena kilns (which are currently discarded) still have a very high concentration of organic phase that can provide energy to the ceramic process through combustion, if they are subjected to firing temperatures above 650 °C. On the other hand, the characterization obtained shows that chemically these unburned bodies are rich in inorganic elements such as silicon, aluminum and calcium, which are present in the material as amorphous (91.9% w/w) and crystalline phase (8.1% w/w), with quartz and mullite as relevant crystalline phases. It was established that this waste can be used as a substitute of clay materials in the manufacture of construction ceramics.
Analysis of numerical simulations on triaxial compression tests using different constitutive models of the soil behaviour
Authors: Olarte M C , Ruge J C
Published: November 2019

To reproduce in an accurate way by artificial methods the real behaviour of the soil is extremely complicated, given the intrinsic heterogeneity of the soil and the innumerable external factors that affect its mechanical-hydraulic response. At present, there are several constitutive models, both traditional and modern, that attempt to simulate the possible stress paths that a geomaterial can undergoes. Within the practical engineering the most used model has been Mohr-Coulomb, which shows an elastic-perfectly plastic response. However, the soil is far from exhibiting a behaviour similar to that shown in this model. Modern constitutive laws can simulate in a more appropriate way the non-linear behaviour of the soil. However, they use several parameters that increase the complexity of the models. The objective of these constitutive models is none other than to extrapolate its mathematical formulation to the global behaviour of geotechnical structures. Before adjusting the parameters that should be used in the numerical modelling of real geotechnical problems, it is necessary to understand the behaviour at the elementary level (experimental) of the constitutive model. Normally this process is called calibration of parameters. In this work, the numerical results of triaxial compression tests for a typical normally consolidated soil are shown. Various constitutive models are used, which reveal different stress paths, for which the dispersion in the obtained results is considered.
Production of lightweight red ceramic floor tiles with addition of thermoelectric plant coal fly ash and its effect on physic mechanical properties
Authors: Sarabia A , Sanchez J , Ramírez R P
Published: November 2019

Fly ash obtained from coal combustion was used as a partial substitute of clay material for lightweight red ceramic floor tiles production by pressing. Raw materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. The technique of molding by pressing was used for the manufacture of the prototypes, once firing, were evaluated their physical and mechanical properties (linear shrinkage, apparent density, water absorption, flexural strength). The results indicated that fly ash from the thermoelectric power plant at Termotasajero under the working conditions allow reduce the density of ceramic products with physic mechanical properties adequate for its use as ceramic tiles classified as BIIb and BIIIb.
Effect of the incorporation of residual sludge from water treatment on the technological properties of ceramic bodies: A review
Authors: Sarabia A , Sanchez J , Sanchez J V
Published: November 2019

The disposal of sludge generated by water treatment by chemical coagulation is considered an environmental problem that has attracted attention of researchers worldwide, whose objective is to promote strategies for their productive use. This study addresses results of studies conducted in the recent 7 years on the aluminous sludge use in the manufacture of ceramic products. The literature shows that the proportion of sludge and the firing temperature are two key factors that affect the final ceramic products technological properties: water absorption, mechanical resistance, porosity and bulk density. It is concluded that it is feasible to incorporate water treatment sludges in partial replacement of one of the constituent materials of clay bodies, with additions up to 10% sludge and firing temperatures above 1000 °C.
Solution by numerical methods of the heat equation in engineering applications. A case of study: Cooling without the use of electricity
Authors: Nolasco C , Jácome N J , Hurtado-Lugo N A
Published: November 2019

The physical model proposing the explanation of the phenomenon of cooling without electricity consists of a pot-in-pot refrigerator. This device consists of an external porous ceramic pot in which a smaller waterproof pot containing the material to be cooled. The space between the pots is filled with wet sand. The cooling effect in the device is produced by the evaporation of water, the heat transfer from the material to the sand and the influence of the air. An experimental model of the cooling effect investigates the influence of the main physical parameters and an analytical model of the heat transfer was proposed as a result of the experiments. In this article the analytical model of the heat transfer of a pot-pot refrigerator is solved by explicit and implicit numerical methods. The numerical solutions were compared with the analytical solution and it was observed that in the case of the explicit and implicit method, the results fit very well with the expected evolution system. Finally, a new way to continue the research is proposed.
Physicochemical study of used frying oil as feedstock for the production of biodiesel
Authors: Acevedo-Paez J C , Urbina N A , Acevedo A Z , Becerra L C
Published: November 2019

A diagnosis was made of the availability and quality of the used frying oil of the establishments dedicated to chicken fry in the city of San José de Cúcuta, to evaluate its technical feasibility as a feedstock in the biodiesel production. A survey was applied to 21 restaurants, evidencing that they reuse the oil less times when having a high monthly consumption (i.e.more than 80 liters, contrary to those consuming less than 60 liters, which reuse the oil more than 3 times. As a final disposition, 86% of establishments sell the used frying oil at $750/liter and 14% deliver it to be used by external persons. The physicochemical properties of used frying oil were analyzed as: fatty acid profile, density, moisture content, refractive index, acidity index, peroxide index and saponification index. The used frying oil presented high content of oleic acid (42.45%) and palmitic acid (33.52%), converting it into a potential feedstock by presenting fatty acids characteristics from palm oil, which is the main source for the production of biodiesel in Colombia. To improve the organoleptic characteristics of the used frying oil (dark colour, strong odour, emulsions), it was subjected to heating and filtering to remove the particles that affect the yield of biodiesel production.
Students’ perception of an engineering program on student mobility and its impact on integral formation
Authors: Laguado R I , Ramírez R P , Hernández F Y
Published: November 2019

Student mobility is considered as one of the strategies used in universities for the internationalization of higher education, an important factor within the program accreditation model defined by the National Accreditation Council. In this context, the following study sought to understand students’ perception of mobility processes and the significant experiences generated within the academic and multicultural process, becoming an opportunity to analyze the main variables that students take into account in order to participate in this mechanism of internationalization in Universities. This article analyses the students’ perception of an engineering program in the period 2013-2018, on student mobility and its impact within integral formation. Based on the results obtained, strategies are generated to encourage mobility among engineering students, highlighting the importance of internationalization as an enriching tool for professional training.
Design and testing of vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger as an internal reboiler in the distillation device
Authors: Susmiati Y , Purwantana B , Bintoro N , Rahayoe S
Published: November 2019

Reboiler in the distillation device is a heat exchanger to heat or boil liquid material in the distillation column. In this research vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger was designed and used as an internal reboiler in the distillation device. The aim of the study was to observe the temperature distribution during the liquid heating process in the vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger with different dimensions. The study was conducted by designing heat exchangers (HE) with different dimensions in height, diameter, and surface area (number) of tubes. Times and fuels needed to heat the liquid to a temperature of 78 °C were calculated. Based on observations it was found that the different geometry of the vertical tubular baffle heat exchanger gives different performance. Height, diameter, and the number of tubes (surface area) affect the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient, times and fuels needed for heating liquids at a temperature of 78 °C. In the same surface area but different in height and diameter of the heat exchanger, give a different result in overall heat transfer coefficient (U). HE with the number of tubes 3 and 7 obtained a higher value of U with a tube height of 4 cm and a diameter of 4 cm, compared with the value of U in HE with a tube 8 cm in high and 2 cm in diameter, but the opposite occurs in HE with a number of tubes 5.
NIR reflectance spectroscopy and SIMCA for classification of crops flour
Authors: Masithoh R E , Yuliyanda I
Published: November 2019

The potential of SIMCA technique for crops flour classification was studied based on FT-NIR spectroscopy in this research. A total of 72 spectra of flour samples taken from 6 types of crops, i.e. of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). The reflectance data were measured using the NIRFlex N500 Fiber Optic Solids Cell at 4000 – 10, 000 cm−1. The spectral obtained were pre-processed and analyzed using The Unscrambler X version 10.5.1. A 2nd derivative Savitzky-Golay (polynomial order 2, 25 smoothing points) followed by a Standard Normal Variate (SNV) were used for pre-treatment data. Characterization of the flours was done using chemometric models based on principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) explained for each group of flour samples of banana, breadfruit, taro, arrowroot, purple sweet potato, and modified cassava (mocaf). SIMCA calibration models were constructed using 6 spectral measurements for each type of flours; classification set were constructed using 6 spectral measurements. The SIMCA accuracy classification were 100% for mocaf, banana, arrowroot, bread fruit, and taro, and 67% for purple sweet potato.
Leaf area index development of local rice varieties as a response to different irrigation management
Authors: Maftukhah R , Suli A S , Annisa H N , Nugroho B D A
Published: November 2019

Rice is a semi-aquatic plant and grown under anaerobic condition as long as water is available. Nowadays, water scarcity and climate change issues need to be address with new technology to increase water use efficiency in rice production. In the other hand, rice varieties must be able to adapt climate change in the future, especially drought even during rice growth periods. A shallow water depth irrigation, as a strategy to reduce water use might influence the rice growth development. The aim of this study was to characterize the leaf area index development of three different rice varieties grown in continuous flooding and shallow water depth irrigation. Pot experiments were conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with three different rice varieties, i.e Mutiara, IR 64, and Hitam, and cultivated with two different irrigation system namely shallow water depth (SWD) and continuous flooding (CF). Leaf Area Index (LAI) was measured every 10 days and polynomial equation was used to describe LAI development during plant growth. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Ms. Excel to determine significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient (R) was used to evaluate the performance of mathematical model. Leaf Area Index (LAI) under shallow water depth irrigation in different rice varieties were not significantly different compare to continuous flooding irrigation. LAI development in different treatment were described by polynomial equation, with various correlation value, ranged between 0.46 – 0.88. IR64 variety under control irrigation resulted lowest R (0.46), indicated that prediction value from observation data was not strongly correlated. However, other treatments showed strong relationship between prediction and observation data.
Laboratory performance analysis of Rice Combine Harvester Daedong DSF75GT
Authors: Radi  , Putra R S A , Aji A W , Purwantana B , Sutiarso L , Nugroho A P , Markumningsih S , Masithoh R E , Yun J H , Kim K U , Yeo I C , Lee D G
Published: November 2019

Combine harvester is one of the most needed agricultural machinery by farmers as it is increasingly difficult to find harvest worker. To develop the machine, Department of Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering collaborated with AGM Systems & Engineering to test the DSF75GT type combine harvester machine. The preliminary test shows that the machine performance is not optimal, especially when it is viewed from the grain damage percentage during the harvesting process. Based on the process, the harvesting principle of the machine includes the stages of cutting, feeding, threshing, and moving the grain from the threshing unit to the grain tank, and finally with unloading stage. Process to grain transfer with screw conveyor system is suspected to be the cause of grain damage. For this reason, this study aims to determine the machine parts which potentially contribute to the grain damage. The test was carried out in laboratory with two sample, i.e. harvested grain samples (GKP) and milled dry grain (GKG). The sample was inserted in to the threshing chamber which is then transferred by screw conveyor to the grain tank before being removed. Observation of the grain damage is carried out at 5 points on the screw conveyors. The results showed that there were 3 screws which contribute significantly to grain damage. From the result, the next step focuses on modification of the parts.
An analysis of irrigated paddy land contribution to maintain regional self sufficiency of food (rice) at Bantul regency of the special province of Yogyakarta
Authors: Susanto S , Suhono A H B
Published: November 2019

Bantul Regency is a rice barn area for the Special Province of Yogyakarta. For a long time, this regency has been self-sufficient in rice. In the last five years, the conversion of irrigated rice fields has changed to become settlements at the rate of 81.2 ha a year as a result of the population growth rate of 2.04% a year. The study aimed to determine the contribution of irrigated land in maintaining regional rice self-sufficiency. The analytical methodology used applies the quantitative analytical description approach to estimate the rice supply-demand balance position for 2006-2015. The results were applied to predict the balance position for the next 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years with 10 scenarios. The results showed that this regency had surplus of rice in 2006-2015 with self-sufficiency rate of 1.08-1.28. The realistic scenario simulation results showed that the rate of population growth causes the rice deficit to be wider and faster to occur. To prevent the occurrence of the rice deficit, control of land conversion and control of the population must be carried out simultaneously. Land use change also had a high risk for irrigation activities carried out because it caused changes in the water balance, losses to irrigation network infrastructure, lack of water in Planting Season II and Plating Season III.
Engineering analysis in manufacturing process of Nori made from mixture of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp
Authors: Kurniawan K , Bintoro N
Published: November 2019

A research had been conducted regarding the drying of nori made from local seaweed of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp. The drying process was carried out at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C using mechanical dryer. Drying rate was evaluated with four thin layer drying models, namely Henderson and Pubis, Lewis, Page and Modified Page. The most suitable model is determined from the the highest R2 value and lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value. The results indicated that nori could be made from local seaweed of Ulva lactuca and Gracillaria sp with a specific method and composition. Drying rate of local nori showed a long constant drying period as compared to it’s falling rate period. Drying rate increased and drying time decreased as the drying temperature increased. The highest drying rate is obtained at 70°C and the Page model was found to be the best suitable model to describe nori drying characteristics.
Physical characteristics of instanised cocholate powder sweetened with sucrose produced using continuous and batch type steam jet agglomerator: A preliminary study
Authors: Diasti D R , Dyaningrum E F , Lutfiyah R A , Karyadi J N W , Saputro A D
Published: November 2019

Physical properties of instanised chocolate powder are not only determined by processing method, but also influenced by its ingredients. Thus, proportion of ingredients in cocoa drink should be also highly considered. This work investigated the impact of steam jet type and proportion of sucrose on the solubility and appearance of instanised chocolate powder. In this study, two types of steam jet agglomerator, namely continuous and batch type and three levels of sucrose proportion, namely, 15%, 30%, 45% were used as variables. The results showed that the type of Steam jet agglomerator, sucrose proportion and their interaction influenced the parameters investigated. In general, the solubility of instanised chocolate powder produced with continuous type is slightly higher than the solubility of instanised chocolate powder produced with batch type steam jet agglomerator. With regard to the appearance, it can be observed that the brightness of the cocoa drink produced with batch type is slightly lower than that of the cocoa drink produced with continuous type.
Optimizing pre-cooking treatment condition for reducing lead (Pb) content in Seaweed (Gracilaria sp.)
Authors: Afiah R N , Supartono W , Suwondo E
Published: November 2019

Seaweeds are increasingly used in Indonesian cuisines due to their nutritional value and health benefits. In contrast to these benefits, they accumulate lead during their growth and exhibit potential health risks upon ingestion. To overcome these risks, some appropriate pre-cooking treatments are desired to reduce lead content. Sample of Gracilaria sp. will be treated by soaking before cooking. This study applied the Taguchi method to determine optimum pre-cooking treatment conditions to reduce the level of lead in Gracilaria sp. The control factors included soaking temperature, time reaction, potential of hydrogen and water volume are used for this research. The levels of lead were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). After these processes, lead contents were found to be successfully reduced and the results show that the optimal conditions during the soaking process can reduce the levels of lead of Gracilaria sp. until 56%.
Land Evaluation Suitability for Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Lombok Island Province of West Nusa Tenggara with Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Murad  , Sumarsono J , Hidayat AF
Published: November 2019

Land degradation consequence utilization of inappropriate causes depreciation watershed performance. the importance of using the land for conservation and cultivation requires wise handling. Tobacco gives good impact to conservation and beneficial to cultivate. Therefore, evaluation of land for tobacco is important. The purpose of this research is to determine land evaluation for tobacco plants at Lombok island with divider rainfall, land slope, temperature and soil depth with the geographic information system. The results of the land evaluation analysis show that 0% S1 (highly suitable), 32.2% S2 (moderately suitable), 66.4% S3 (marginally suitable) and 0.4% (not suitable). With that result, tobacco plants cultivation as land conservation can be developed in Lombok island.
Shelflife Estimation of Seaweed Dodol in OPP Packaging by Using Accelerated Shelf Life Test Method
Authors: Latief R , Amalia ANA , Wulandari R
Published: November 2019

Abstrac

This research is carried out due to the limited information on the shelf-life of food product in Indonesia, especially in South Sulawesi. In addition, there is no sufficient information on the self-life of packed seaweed dodol which produced by using scientific method. Seaweed dodol has a high economic value. The objective of this research was to estimate the self-life of seaweed dodol which is produced in traditional scale (micro, small, and middle scale bussiness) using the scientific method. Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) Method is one of methods used in determining the shelf life of seaweed dodol based on critical water content and graining as indicators of quality deterioration. The isotermic sorption model of products was obtained from isotermic sorption curve formed from the relationship between the values of water activity (aw) and the equilibrium moisture content (Me). Moreover, five different models of isotermic sorption were tested. They were Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, and Oswin model. The results showed that the Henderson model was the appropriate model in describing the isotermic sorption phenomena at seaweed dodol with the Mean Relative Deviatian (MRD) of 1.4. By integrating the critical moisture content (Mc), packing permeability (OPP), sample weights (Ws), the surface area of packing (A) and the saturated vapor pressure (Po) into the equation Labuza, the self-life of seaweed dodol at temperature of 30 °C and RH of 78% was 56 days.
Endosperm color inheritance pattern of black Toraja rice
Authors: Muchlis A R , Haring F , Riadi M , Rafiuddin  , Sjahril R
Published: November 2019

This study aims to obtain information about the endosperm color inheritance pattern of Toraja black rice. This research was conducted by the experimental farm, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture, from August 2017 to February 2018. This study was designed using a Randomized Block Design. The color of the seed as a treatment consists of full black (the outer and inner parts of rice), medium black (the outer part and a small portion of inner part of rice), and thin black (only the outer part of rice), with 8 replications so there were 24 experimental units. The seedling were planted in a bucket, one seedling for each bucket. The inheritance pattern of full black and thin black genotypes follows the Mendel inheritance pattern with a ratio of genotype 1 : 2 : 1. Percentage of full black endosperm color has a high heritability, while percentage of medium black and the percentage of thin black have moderate heritability.
Irrigation network information system for irrigation area management (Case study in Tapango Polewali District, West Sulawesi)
Authors: Faridah S N , Samsuar  , Sapsal M T , Suhardi  , Alfiani S H
Published: November 2019

Success in implement irrigation area management activities is highly dependent on data availability. The existence of a realtime, fast, and accurate information is very important. The data and information needed must be easily accessible to interested parties. Development of an irrigation network information system is carried out by converting data into coordinate form using ArcGIS software. Visual studio software is used to display all data that has been processed. Spatial-based irrigation network information systems built using ArcGIS and Visual Studio software can easily obtain information about channel conditions, rating curves, channel profiles and channel photos. the availability of spatial-based irrigation network information systems facilitates the management of irrigation networks.
GNSS-based PWV Application for Short Term Rainfall Prediction in Mountainous Region
Authors: Mawandha H G , Kishimoto M , Sulistiyani  , Oishi S
Published: November 2019

Rainfall in the mountainous region has unique characteristics related to time-varying and spatial distribution. In Mt. Merapi region, located at the border of Special Region of Yogyakarta Province and Central Java Province, Indonesia, rainfalls are typically classified as the deep-convective type, which occurs in a short period with high intensity. Therefore, short term rainfall predictions in a proper way remain challenging tasks. The use of remote monitoring instruments such as the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is believed to provide a better measurement accuracy through the identification of water vapor variation in the process of deep convection weather. GNSS observes the geodetic position of the GNSS antenna or receiver while it broadcasts microwave signals continuously through the atmosphere to the ground-based receivers. As they travel through the atmosphere, the microwave signals are mostly influenced by ionospheric and neutral atmospheric effects, which cause some delays. By using a sufficiently dense network of GNSS receivers, the impact of the neutral atmosphere delay can be estimated as a by-product of the geodetic processing. These delays can be regarded as an integrated water vapor along the path, namely Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV), which can be indirectly measured by Zenith Total Delay (ZTD). By studying the relationship between time-varying PWV and rainfall, it can be found that the PWV level increases sharply before raining. Through the deployment of GNSS receivers, the spatial feature of rainfall characteristics is also depicted. The initial results showed that the increase of PWV is strongly correlated to rainfall occurrence based on the rain gauge measurement around Mt. Merapi region. The results show that the correct forecasted rate is about 47%-62% with the PWV increment time is three hours.
The effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on advance vegetative phase to the water stress and water productivity of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plant
Authors: Rosadi RAB , Triyono S , Lanya B , Mahmud S
Published: November 2019

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on advance vegetative phase to the water productivity of Soybean. This research was conducted under plastic house on the field laboratory of Lampung University from October 2018 to January 2019. The water stress treatments in regulated deficit irrigation levels were DI1 (0 – 100 %) of total available water as a control, DI2 (0 – 80 %), DI3 (0 – 60 %), DI4 (0 – 40 %) and DI5 (0 – 20 %) of total available water (TAW) arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The results showed that the soybean plant started to experience stress from week IV, the soybean plant started to experience stress within 0-40 % of total available water and continuing to stress until the end of growth, even the RDI treatment was stop at week VI. It means that the soybean plant which experience to tress at vegetative advance can’t be recovered even the soybean plant was irrigated to bring back the water to the field capacity. The (p) value was 0.6 and the Ks value were 0.84; 0.70; 0.68; 0.80, 0.86 and 0.88 at week IV, V, VI, VII, VIII and IX, respectively. The average Ks value was 0.79. There was no significant different between DI1 DI2, and DI3 in water productivity of soybean plant. The value of water productivity were 0.65, 0.49, 0.48, 0.40 and 0.42 at DI1, DI2, DI3, DI4, DI5, respectively. The optimum water management which the high crop water productivity (WP=0.48) was reach by RDI at DI3 treatment which maintain the available water between 0-60 % or the soybean plant must be irrigate by bring back the water to the 60 % of total available water. The optimum yield of soybean (Anjasmoro veriety) was 17.9 g/pot and crop water requirement was 36746.5 ml or equal to 566.08 mm.
The Design of Automatic Sprinkler based on Arduino Uno Microcontroller
Authors: Priyati A , Sahbandi M , Putra GMD , Setiawati DA
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study was to design a microcontroller based automatic plant watering system. The method used was an experimental method using two sensors, i.e. soil moisture sensor (measure soil moisture) and ultrasonic sensors (measure the distance of rotary direction regulator for DC motors). Arduino board is preferable as the main controller due to its simplicity. Tool testing was conducted through trials on soil samples and performance tests when the tool was operating. The parameters observed were solar intensity (Lux), ambient temperature (°C), RH (%), water discharge (ml/s), DC motor axis rotation (rpm), AC and DC voltage (Volt), and soil moisture (%). The tool testing showed that the designed watering system could works properly with less than 10% MAPE. When the sensor read the soil moisture value below 70% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned on. Whereas, when the soil moisture value achieved 80% setting point, the pump and DC motor were turned off. Performance test was conducted for three days of observation. The founding shows that the designed automatic watering system could successfully provide as much as 2.52 litre of water during approximately 6 minutes of watering period.
The Effect of Sonication Time on Physicochemical Profiles of The Nanocalsium from Snake-Head Fish Bone (Channa striata)
Authors: Tawali AB , Wakiah N , Qanitah K , Asfar M , Sukendar NK , Metusalach
Published: November 2019

Snake-Head Fish bone is one of the fishery wastes that is potentially used as the raw material for calcium supplement products. In order to make the calcium products easily absorbed and utilized rapidly by human body, supplement products need to be made in nano form. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of the sonication time in the production of Snake-Head Fish bone nano calcium on the physical profile of the resulted nano calcium, and to obtain the best sonication time. The development of nanocalcium utilized sonication method with 405 Powersonic Ultrasonic Cleaner. The result showed that the best particle size distribution was found on 45 minutes sonication treatment which was 842.3 nm with the highest particle size ranging from 461,6 to 487,5 nm. The average value of the polydispersity index is 1.527. The yield of nano calcium produced from whole fish is 1.331%. The resulting nano calcium has an average white degree of 86.622% and average density of 0.73 g / ml. Some other mineral content also showed a not significant difference.