bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation to understand the correlation between the experimental and density functional theory calculations of noscapine
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Sewariya Shubham , Chandra Ramesh , Singh Prashant , Kumar Ajay , Jain Pallavi , Sachdeva Shallu , Kumari Kamlesh
Published: March 2023

Noscapine has anti‐cancerous properties as it ceases cell division at metaphase stage. It is popular for it's anti‐antitussive properties. Various derivatives of noscapine have significant potential to act as a anticancerous ability than the parent molecule. As noscapine has low toxicity, high bioactivity and good availability, it is being explored extensively. Poor solubility of noscapine has somewhat restricted the use of noscapine. Therefore, authors aim to study the nature of noscapine in different solvents using computational methods or theoretically. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations were performed to explore the electronic structure, infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and ultraviolet‐visible spectrum of noscapine. In dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), noscapine had a minimum or least free energy of −8.99 × 105 kcal/mol and a maximum dipole moment of 4.183 debye (D), followed by 2.942 D in chloroform. Physiochemical descriptors indicated that noscapine would interact with other molecules when DMSO or chloroform are taken as a solvent, as its polarizability and acidic character is more in DMSO and chloroform. The ability of noscapine to consume free radicles is also predicted to increase in DMSO. A red shift was observed when noscapine was taken in polar solvents as the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was reduced. The authors also performed linear regression analysis on infrared and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) spectra obtained from computational and experimental methods to check the correlation in their results.
Bayesian optimal phase II designs with dual‐criterion decision making
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Li Daniel , Liu Rong , Yuan Ying
Published: March 2023

The conventional phase II trial design paradigm is to make the go/no‐go decision based on the hypothesis testing framework. Statistical significance itself alone, however, may not be sufficient to establish that the drug is clinically effective enough to warrant confirmatory phase III trials. We propose the Bayesian optimal phase II trial design with dual‐criterion decision making (BOP2‐DC), which incorporates both statistical significance and clinical relevance into decision making. Based on the posterior probability that the treatment effect reaches the lower reference value (statistical significance) and the clinically meaningful value (clinical significance), BOP2‐DC allows for go/consider/no‐go decisions, rather than a binary go/no‐go decision. BOP2‐DC is highly flexible and accommodates various types of endpoints, including binary, continuous, time‐to‐event, multiple, and coprimary endpoints, in single‐arm and randomized trials. The decision rule of BOP2‐DC is optimized to maximize the probability of a go decision when the treatment is effective or minimize the expected sample size when the treatment is futile. Simulation studies show that the BOP2‐DC design yields desirable operating characteristics. The software to implement BOP2‐DC is freely available at www.trialdesign.org.
Effects of gypenoside L‐containingGynostemma pentaphyllumextract on fatigue and physical performance: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial
Authors: Ahn Yejin , Lee Hee‐Seok , Lee Seok‐Hee , Joa Kyung‐Lim , Lim Cho Young , Ahn Yu Jin , Suh Hyung Joo , Park Sung‐Soo , Hong Ki‐Bae
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect ofGynostemma pentaphyllumextract containing gypenoside L (GPE) on improving the cognitive aspects of fatigue and performance of the motor system. One hundred healthy Korean adults aged 19–60 years were randomized to the treatment (GPE for 12 weeks) and control groups, and efficacy and safety‐related parameters were compared between the two groups. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and O2pulse were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p = 0.007 andp = 0.047, respectively). After 12 weeks, the treatment group showed significant changes such as decreases in the levels of free fatty acids (p = 0.042). In addition, there were significant differences in the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (p < 0.05) and value of temporal fatigue between the treatment and control groups on the multidimensional fatigue scale (p < 0.05). Moreover, the level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the blood was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (p = 0.047). In summary, oral administration of GPE has a positive effect on resistance to exercise‐induced physical and mental fatigue.
Does industry 5.0 model optimize sustainable performance of Agri‐enterprises? Real‐time investigation from the realm of stakeholder theory and domain
Authors: Guo Long , Sun Dongsheng , Warraich Muhammad Akib , Waheed Abdul
Published: March 2023

The research on Industry 5.0 (i5.0) is relatively new and emerging therefore professionals are still striving to reveal its influence globally. This study investigates the impact of industry 5.0 to comprehend the insights into how it optimizes the sustainable performance (STP) within three core streams, that is, economic, environmental, and social perspectives from the realm of stakeholder theory within the Chinese agricultural industry. The results stated that i5.0 positively affects the STP of Agri‐enterprises. The empirical testing additionally affirmed the positive nexus of i5.0 practices toward each dimension of STP such as social, environmental, and economic perspectives based on structural equation modeling. First, it found that i5.0 has a positive correlation with the economic perspective. Second, the findings affirmed the positive linkage between i5.0 and the social perspective. Finally, the study indicated a significant correlation between i5.0 and the environmental perspective. This study provides real‐time empirical evidence for the management of Agri‐enterprises regarding i5.0 and insights into the embodiment of such capabilities to optimize enterprise STP by incorporating i5.0 model. This study presents several theoretical and managerial enrichments for Agri‐enterprises along with future avenues for the researchers to test the i5.0 capabilities toward rest of the sectors across the world.
The interface of atomic layer deposited ZrO2 on Si/SiO2 from an alkoxide zirconium precursor and ethanol: A transmission electron microscopy‐focused study
Authors: Saha Soumya , Phakatkar Abhijit H. , Jursich Gregory , Shokuhfar Tolou , Takoudis Christos G.
Published: March 2023

Recent developments in inherently selective atomic layer deposition (ISALD) resulted in the deposition of amorphous ZrO2 thin film on Si with a high growth rate (2 Å/cycle). The deposited film with a high dielectric constant via ISALD may be used in semiconductor processing. However, the amorphous nature of the film and the ZrO2–SiO2/Si interface must be assessed to ensure the prevention of leakage current. There is little information available in the literature regarding the ZrO2–SiO2/Si interface of atomic layer deposition (ALD) ZrO2 film. In this study, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy was extensively used to determine whether the film and the interface were crystalline or amorphous. It was interesting to find that a high‐energy electron beam can induce crystallinity in the amorphous as‐deposited ZrO2 film within minutes of exposure. Moreover, outward diffusion of the nucleated tetragonal ZrO2 away from the interface was also observed.
Targeted deep learning: Framework, methods, and applications
Authors: Huang Shih‐Ting , Lederer Johannes
Published: March 2023

Deep learning systems are typically designed to perform for a wide range of test inputs. For example, deep learning systems in autonomous cars are supposed to deal with traffic situations for which they were not specifically trained. In general, the ability to cope with a broad spectrum of unseen test inputs is called generalization. Generalization is definitely important in applications where the possible test inputs are known but plentiful or simply unknown, but there are also cases where the possible inputs are few and unlabeled but known beforehand. For example, medicine is currently interested in targeting treatments to individual patients; the number of patients at any given time is usually small (typically one), their diagnoses/responses are still unknown, but their general characteristics (such as genome information, protein levels in the blood, and so forth) are known before the treatment. We propose to call deep learning in such applications
In this paper, we introduce a framework for targeted deep learning, and we devise and test an approach for adapting standard pipelines to the requirements of targeted deep learning. The approach is very general yet easy to use: It can be implemented as a simple data‐preprocessing step. We demonstrate on a variety of real‐world data that our approach can indeed render standard deep learning faster and more accurate when the test inputs are known beforehand.
Multi‐objective Optimization of Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generators in Distribution Networks
Authors: Alajmi Bader N. , AlHajri M. F. , Ahmed Nabil A. , Abdelsalam Ibrahim , Marei Mostafa I.
Published: March 2023

Due to the growing attention for the environmental impacts and power loss minimization, distributed generators (DGs) have been introduced widely into the electric power system. One of the challenges of integrating with the power system is to determine their optimal placement and sizing, which, when not respected, adversely affects the performance of the electrical network. In this paper, three multi‐objective algorithms of particle swarm optimization (PSO), variable constants (VCPSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are adopted and implemented. The main objectives are to detect the optimum size and location of multiple DGs aiming to reduce the active power loss and improve bus voltage deviations in the distribution networks. The paper conducts a comprehensive review of the optimal size and location of the DG via systematic procedures, including definition, classifications, technologies of DGs. Then, the performances evaluation of the three optimization methods are presented and compared with other methods. The presented optimization methods are tested on the IEEE‐33 bus, 32‐line radial distribution network. Four different scenario‐based studies including base case and different number of DGs are performed to examine the accuracy of the presented algorithms. The obtained results prove that all the three algorithms are suitable for this multi‐objective optimization and VCPSO offers the best solution in terms of convergence and, and it has lowest average computation time. The performance and accuracy of the presented approaches and their improvements in the power loss and bus voltage profile are discussed and presented in detail. The obtained results show that more than 65% of active power loss reduction has been attained with the proper sizing and placement of DG systems. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Mass‐Independent Moisture Percentage Measurements of Flour Using Amplitude Attenuation and Phase Shift Correlation
Authors: Watabe Ken‐ichi , Kon Seitaro
Published: March 2023

We performed mass‐independent moisture percentage measurements of flour by using a resonant cavity at 3.9 GHz. The method evaluated the straight line slope that linearly approximates the relationship between the amplitude attenuation and phase shift at a specific frequency for multiple masses of sample. Fifty types of flour with moisture percentage ranging from 9.3% to 17.4% and mass up to 0.3 g were used in this experiment. The standard error of the estimation of the calibration curve for the moisture percentage was 0.42%, which was approximately half of that of the conventional method. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Radiation crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate composite with binary flame retardant: The improved performance and mechanisms
Authors: Feng Xi , Wang Zhengyu , Ma Hongli , Dang Bo , Li Jianxi
Published: March 2023

In this article, ethylene vinyl acetate/aluminum hydroxide/melamine cyanurate (EVA/ATH/MCA) composites were prepared by melt blending, and the crosslinking ability of EVA composites was improved by electron beam irradiation. When the ratio of ATH to MCA is 2:3, compared with the sample added with MCA only, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of EVA composites are reduced by 30%, 45.9%, and 42%, respectively, and the residue content is increased to 18.1%. At the same time, CO production and CO2production are reduced, limiting oxygen index and UL‐94 are increased to 27.3% and V‐1 level. The flame‐retardant effect is significantly improved. In the combustion process, the gas generated by MCA decomposition can act as a “foaming agent,” which expands the thermal insulation layer composed of aluminum oxide and carbon residue generated by ATH decomposition, and enhances the flame‐retardant effect of condensed phase. In addition, compared with the samples before irradiation, the mechanical properties and wear resistance of EVA composites after irradiation crosslinking are improved. When the addition ratio of ATH and MCA is 2:3, the maximum tensile strength can reach 16.5 MPa.
Vorkommen ausgewählter persistenter und mobiler organischer Spurenstoffe in Oberflächengewässern Niedersachsens
Authors: Scheurer Marco , Nödler Karsten , Schmid Rebekka , Schaffer Mario
Published: March 2023

Persistente, mobile und gegebenenfalls toxische sowie sehr persistente und sehr mobile Verbindungen – zusammengefasst unter dem Begriff PMT/vPvM‐Stoffe – stehen dank grundlegender Weiterentwicklungen der analytischen Möglichkeiten in den letzten Jahren verstärkt im Fokus der Wasser‐ und Umweltforschung. Werden belastete Oberflächengewässer als Trinkwasserressource genutzt, können diese Verbindungen aufgrund ihrer intrinsischen Stoffeigenschaften die verschiedenen natürlichen und gegebenenfalls sogar technischen Barrieren der Trinkwasseraufbereitung überwinden und somit ein potenzielles Problem für die Trinkwasserversorgung darstellen.

Ziel des hier vorgestellten Projekts war es, eine nachweisstarke Analytik für die Bestimmung einer Vielzahl von PMT/vPvM‐Stoffen zu entwickeln und ein landesweites Monitoring auf diese Stoffe an niedersächsischen Oberflächengewässern durchzuführen.

Die erzielten Bestimmungsgrenzen der beiden entwickelten Analysemethoden lagen mit Ausnahme von Cyanursäure (0,7 μg/L) für alle Verbindungen im ein‐ bis zweistelligen ng/L‐Bereich. Von den insgesamt 22 im Untersuchungsumfang enthaltenen Stoffen (ohne Carbamazepin, dieses wurde als Abwassertracer in den Analyseumfang aufgenommen) wurden sechs in mindestens der Hälfte aller Proben nachgewiesen. Diese waren die Arzneimittelmetaboliten Torasemid‐Carbonsäure (93 % aller Proben, bis 1,2 μg/L), Losartansäure (52 %, bis 0,30 μg/L) und Ramiprilat (51 %, bis 0,22 μg/L), der Arzneistoff Torasemid (55 %, bis 0,11 μg/L), der UV‐Stabilisator Ensulizol (83 %, bis 2,3 μg/L) sowie der Vulkanisationsbeschleuniger 1,3‐Diphenylguanidin (71 %, bis 0,16 μg/L). Die höchste individuelle Konzentration wurde für Cyanursäure beobachtet (49 μg/L).
Temperature screening and detection of Covid‐19 in school‐aged children: A retrospective cohort study assessing the efficacy of temperature screening in schools
Authors: Rich Courtney , Hanson Laura , Daniel Luther , Davis Amy
Published: March 2023

In July 2020, Corinth School District was the first in Mississippi to return to the classroom setting. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) protocols were developed to maintain the safety of students. These included mandatory masking, seating charts, desk spacing, sanitizing protocols, lunch within classrooms, alteration of extracurriculars, cancellation of assemblies, and quarantine policies. Temperature screenings were also performed. Students registering as febrile would undergo Covid‐19 testing. To evaluate the efficacy of temperature scanning as a surveillance method for Covid‐19 in the school setting, deidentified data was obtained from the Corinth School District. Overall incidence and grade level incidence of Covid‐19 were calculated in children attending school from July 27, 2020 to September 25, 2020. Data were examined for a correlation between documented fevers and Covid‐19 positivity. Reports provided by the school district were investigated for positive test groupings signifying a school‐related outbreak. Of 28 children with fevers at school, zero tested positive for Covid‐19. Twenty‐six children tested positive for Covid‐19; none were febrile at school. The incidence of Covid‐19 in our population during the study period was 1.03%. Incidence in elementary students was 0.34%, 0.93% in middle school, and 2.51% in high school students. There were no school outbreaks during the study period. Both relative risk and odds ratio were calculated as equal to zero (0.00). Temperature scanning is not a sensitive screening method for Covid‐19 in school children.
Water tenure analysis: A case study in Nui Coc irrigation system in the Red River Basin, Vietnam
Authors: Van Le Chinh
Published: March 2023

Vietnam is considered to have a sound legal system for water resources management, but the enforcement of these systems remains limited. This weakness and its causes were reported in various studies on institutional arrangements. However, clear relationships among stakeholders with respect to water resources, or water tenure, and levels of implementation of water tenure governance that are related to these limitations remain undocumented. Using a new approach on water tenure analysis to identify issues and conflicts related to water tenure arrangements in a pilot area in Vietnam is the aim of this study. Most of the types of possible formal (8) and informal (7) water tenure arrangements were identified in the pilot area. The analysis of water tenure governance covering 14 aspects and the assessment of water tenure security were conducted in the study area. The study results illustrate the need to improve the implementation of law enforcement and to strengthen the process of water tenure governance. Based on the analysis results, several relevant solutions are recommended including review and update of legal framework and strengthening the enforcement of current legal regulations in Vietnam.
Optimization of the transmission loss of a multilayer panels using the genetic algorithm
Authors: Tounsi Dhouha , Dhief Raja , Felhi Hadda , Taktak Mohamed , Chaabene Mabrouk , Haddar Mohamed
Published: March 2023

An optimization method of the acoustic absorption of multilayer panels composed of porous, elastic, and viscoelastic materials is presented in this paper. The used objective functions consist on the maximizing of the sound Transmission Loss (TL) and the minimization of the mass of the configuration. For this, the genetic algorithm was used coupled with an analytical computation of transfer matrix of the studied panel. This study aimed to found the optimal values of the thicknesses of each layer with a total thickness which should not exceed 30 mm. The others parameters are keeping constant. The developed method was applied to a two‐layer panel. The obtained results are analyzed giving sources to choose between the studied configurations.
Numerical solution of two‐dimensional nonlinear Riesz space‐fractional reaction–advection–diffusion equation using fast compact implicit integration factor method
Authors: Biswas Chetna , Das Subir , Singh Anup , Sadowski Tomasz
Published: March 2023

In the present article, a finite domain is considered to find the numerical solution of a two‐dimensional nonlinear fractional‐order partial differential equation (FPDE) with Riesz space fractional derivative (RSFD). Here two types of FPDE–RSFD are considered, the first one is a two‐dimensional nonlinear Riesz space‐fractional reaction–diffusion equation (RSFRDE) and the second one is a two‐dimensional nonlinear Riesz space‐fractional reaction‐advection‐diffusion equation (RSFRADE). SFRDE is obtained by simply replacing second‐order derivative term of the standard nonlinear diffusion equation by the Riesz fractional derivative of order whereas the SFRADE is obtained by replacing the first‐order and second‐order space derivatives from the standard order advection–dispersion equation with the Riesz fractional derivatives of order . A numerical method is provided to deal with the RSFD with the weighted and shifted Grünwald–Letnikov (WSGD) approximations, for the spatial discretization. The SFRDE and SFRADE are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which have been solved using a fast compact implicit integration factor (FcIIF) with nonuniform time meshes. Finally, the demonstration of the validation and effectiveness of the numerical method is given by considering some existing models.
Grundlagenbeitrag: Nutzungsdatenanalyse digitaler Medien als Instrument der evaluativen Wissenschaftskommunikationsforschung
Authors: Hempel Armin
Published: March 2023

Der Grundlagenbeitrag skizziert die Nutzungsdatenanalyse für den Bereich der Evaluationsforschung digitaler Wissenschaftskommunikationsprojekte und diskutiert ihre Stärken wie ihre Herausforderungen. Dazu werden verschiedene Typen von Nutzungsdaten beschrieben und exemplarisch Werkzeuge vorgestellt, diese zu erheben. Inwiefern kann es lohnenswert sein, Nutzungsdatenanalyse innerhalb von digitalen Wissenschaftskommunikationsprojekten zu betreiben und was kann bereits während der Projektplanungsphase beachtet werden, um Nutzungsdatenanalysemethoden sinnvoll einzusetzen? Es wird beschrieben, wie Erwägungen zum Datenschutz eine Herausforderung für die Nutzungsdatenanalyse darstellen, der damit verbundene Aufwand jedoch durch die Verwendung passender Werkzeuge auf ein Minimum reduziert werden kann. Zuletzt wird das Desiderat formuliert, die Nutzungsdatenanalyse als Methodenset weiter zu elaborieren – auch, um zukünftige digitale Wissenschaftskommunikationsformate untersuchen zu können.
Praxisbeitrag: Nutzungsdatenanalyse digitaler Medien in der evaluativen Wissenschaftskommunikationsforschung am Beispiel eines Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekts
Authors: Bruckermann Till , Greving Hannah
Published: March 2023

Durch die fortschreitende Digitalisierung finden verschiedene Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation zunehmend online statt. Insbesondere in Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekten können Entwicklungen zu digitalen Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation genutzt werden, um ihre Effektivität zu evaluieren: Die Analyse des Nutzungsverhaltens und der durchgeführten Aktivitäten der Teilnehmenden in der Online-Umgebung des Projekts kann Aufschluss darüber geben, was Teilnehmende genau machen und womit sie sich beschäftigen. Diese Erkenntnis kann wiederum die Kommunikation mit Teilnehmenden verbessern. Am Beispiel eines Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekts zu Wildtieren wird die Analyse von Nutzungsdaten in der Wissenschaftskommunikation im Hinblick auf die Häufigkeit und Art der Beteiligung in Projektaktivitäten erläutert. Es wird deutlich, dass Beteiligungsmuster der Teilnehmenden von den intendierten Aktivitäten abweichen. Implikationen für das Lernen aus Bürgerwissenschaftsprojekten werden diskutiert.
Grundlagenbeitrag: Inhaltsanalysen inklusive Medienanalysen
Authors: Kessler Sabrina H. , Wicke Nina
Published: March 2023

Der Grundlagenbeitrag fokussiert auf die Methode der Inhaltsanalyse inkl. Medienanalyse und reflektiert den Einsatz dieser im Bereich der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation. Nachdem einleitend deren Relevanz reflektiert wird, wird diese vorgestellt, indem Untersuchungsgegenstände, Analyseprozesse und Ziele der quantitativen/standardisierten und qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse erläutert werden. Herausgearbeitet werden dann die Analyseschwerpunkte der Inhalts- und Medienanalysen im Bereich der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation und ihrer Begleitforschung. Diese sind u. a. (1) Modi der Wissenschaftskommunikation, (2) die Genauigkeit der Berichterstattung, (3) die Darstellung, das Framing und die Bewertung von Wissenschaft und wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen, und (4) Dialogizität und Funktionalität der Wissenschaftskommunikation bzw. Funktionen der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit. Im letzten Punkt wird ein Ausblick gegeben und relevante Forschungslücken werden herausgestellt.
Evaluationsstandards – Leitprinzipien von Evaluationen
Authors: van den Bogaert Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Woran sind gute Evaluationen zu erkennen? Wie lassen sich praxistaugliche Evaluationsvorhaben auf hohem Niveau realisieren? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen werden im gleichnamigen Beitrag die Evaluationsstandards derDeGEval(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Evaluation) eingeführt. Dazu werden die 25 Einzelstandards, geordnet nach den vier QualitätsdimensionenNützlichkeit,Durchführbarkeit,FairnessundGenauigkeitdetailliert beschrieben und erklärt.
Praxisbeitrag: Quantitative Befragungen
Authors: Knapp Valerie , van den Bogaert Vanessa
Published: March 2023

Für die Untersuchung partizipativer Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation bzw. zur Erfassung von Eigenschaften der Teilnehmende dieser Maßnahmen können quantitative Befragungen einen wertvollen methodischen Zugang darstellen. Der Praxisbeitrag beleuchtet die praktische Umsetzung derartiger Befragungen am Beispiel mehrwelliger, onlinegestützter Panelstudien, die begleitend zu einer internationalen Citizen-Science-Aktion durchgeführt wurden. Die vorgestellten Befragungen zielten u. a. darauf ab, nähere Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wer an der Aktion teilnahm und welche Erwartungen an eine Teilnahme geknüpft wurden. Zuletzt werden im Beitrag Vorteile und Limitationen des Ansatzes diskutiert, die Praktiker:innen in der Entscheidung zum Einsatz solcher Befragungen bzw. bei deren Planung und Umsetzung bedenken sollten.
Packing squares into a rectangle with a relatively small area
Authors: Chmielewska Katarzyna , Marciniak Mariola , Marciniak Mikołaj
Published: March 2023

In this article we prove that all squares with sides of lengths$$\frac{1}{m+1}, \frac{1}{m+2}, \dots $$1m+1,1m+2,⋯can be packed in a rectangle with a one side fixed and a relatively small area. We give a similar result for all of three Moser’s Packing Problems.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in Diagnostik und Therapie entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen
Authors: Albrecht Katinka , Strangfeld Anja
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Geschlechtsunterschiede in Diagnostik und Therapie verschiedenster Erkrankungen werden zunehmend erforscht mit dem Ziel, Therapiestrategien zu optimieren und den individuellen Behandlungserfolg zu verbessern.

Methodik

In dieser Arbeit wird die bestehende Literatur zu geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse

Viele, aber nicht alle entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen treten häufiger bei Frauen als bei Männern auf. Frauen haben oft eine längere Beschwerdedauer bis zur Diagnosestellung als Männer, was durch unterschiedliche klinische und radiologische Erscheinungsbilder verursacht sein kann. Frauen haben krankheitsübergreifend häufiger niedrigere Remissions- und Therapieansprechraten in Bezug auf die antirheumatische Medikation als Männer, auch Therapieabbrüche sind bei Frauen häufiger als bei Männern. Ob Frauen vermehrt Anti-drug-Antikörper gegen biologische Antirheumatika entwickeln, ist noch unklar. Bei Januskinaseinhibitoren gibt es bislang keine Hinweise auf ein unterschiedliches Therapieansprechen.

Schlussfolgerung

Ob auch in der Rheumatologie individuelle Dosierungsschemata und geschlechtsangepasste Therapieziele nötig sind, kann aus der bisherigen Evidenz nicht abgeleitet werden.
Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review
Authors: Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Al-Snafi Ali Esmail , Thuwaini Mahdi M. , Teibo John Oluwafemi , Shaheen Hazem M. , Akomolafe Ayomide Peter , Teibo Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi , Al-kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Garbeeb Ali I. , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios
Published: March 2023

Morusalba is a fast-growing shrub or medium-sized tree with a straight, cylindrical trunk. Medicinally, whole plants, leaves, fruits, branches, and roots have been employed. Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to search for relevant material on the phytochemical components and pharmacologic and mechanism of action of the Morus alba. This was reviewed to assess important updates about Morus alba. The fruits of Morus alba have traditionally been used as an analgesic, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive, hypoglycemia, purgative, restorative, sedative tonic, and blood stimulant. Various plant parts were used as a cooling, sedating, diuretic, tonic, and astringent agent to treat nerve disorders. The plant contained tannins, steroids, phytosterols, sitosterol, glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as saponins, triterpenes, phenolics, flavonoids, benzofuran derivatives, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, glycosides, vitamins, and minerals. Previous pharmacological research identified antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunological, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, dermatological, neurological, muscular, and protecting effects. This study looked at Morus alba’s traditional uses, chemical components, and pharmacological effects.
Microbiome Structure and Mucosal Morphology of Jejunum Appendix and Colon of Rats in Health and Dysbiosis
Authors: Shao Chenyi , Song Xiaobo , Wang Lili , Zhang Hongying , Liu Yinhui , Wang Chunhao , Chen Shenmin , Ren Baowei , Wen Shu , Xiao Jing , Tang Li
Published: March 2023

Gut microbiota contributes to human health. Plenty of studies demonstrate that antibiotics can disrupt gut ecosystem leading to dysbiosis. Little is known about the microbial variation of appendix and its up/downstream intestine after antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the microbiome and mucosal morphology of jejunum, appendix, and colon of rats in health and dysbiosis. A rodent model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was employed. Microscopy was used to observe mucosal morphological changes. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for identifying bacterial taxa and microbiome structure. The appendices of dysbiosis were found enlarged and inflated with loose contents. Microscopy revealed the impairment of intestinal epithelial cells. High-throughput sequencing showed the Operational Taxonomic Units changed from 361 ± 33, 634 ± 18, 639 ± 19 in the normal jejunum, appendix, colon to 748 ± 98, 230 ± 11, 253 ± 16 in the disordered segments, respectively. In dysbiosis, Bacteroidetes translocated inversely from the colon and appendix (0.26%, 0.23%) to the jejunum (13.87% ± 0.11%); the relative abundance of all intestinal Enterococcaceae increased, while Lactobacillaceae decreased. Several bacterial clusters were found correlated to the normal appendix, whereas nonspecific clusters correlated to the disordered appendix. In conclusion, species richness and evenness reduced in the disordered appendix and colon; similar microbiome patterns were shared between the appendix and colon regardless of dysbiosis; site-specific bacteria were missing in the disordered appendix. Appendix is likely a transit region involving in upper and lower intestinal microflora modulation. The limitation of this study is all the data were derived from rats. We must be cautious about translating the microbiome results from rats to humans.
Homogenised Monthly and Daily Temperature and Precipitation Time Series in China and Greece since 1960
Authors: Argiriou Athanassios A. , Li Zhen , Armaos Vasileios , Mamara Anna , Shi Yingling , Yan Zhongwei
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we describe and analyze two datasets entitled “Homogenised monthly and daily temperature and precipitation time series in China during 1960–2021” and “Homogenised monthly and daily temperature and precipitation time series in Greece during 1960–2010”. These datasets provide the homogenised monthly and daily mean (TG), minimum (TN), and maximum (TX) temperature and precipitation (RR) records since 1960 at 366 stations in China and 56 stations in Greece. The datasets are available at the Science Data Bank repository and can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01731 and https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.01720. For China, the regional mean annual TG, TX, TN, and RR series during 1960–2021 showed significant warming or increasing trends of 0.27°C (10 yr)−1, 0.22°C (10 yr)−1, 0.35°C (10 yr)−1, and 6.81 mm (10 yr)−1, respectively. Most of the seasonal series revealed trends significant at the 0.05 level, except for the spring, summer, and autumn RR series. For Greece, there were increasing trends of 0.09°C (10 yr)−1, 0.08°C (10 yr)−1, and 0.11°C (10 yr)−1 for the annual TG, TX, and TN series, respectively, while a decreasing trend of −23.35 mm (10 yr)−1 was present for RR. The seasonal trends showed a significant warming rate for summer, but no significant changes were noted for spring (except for TN), autumn, and winter. For RR, only the winter time series displayed a statistically significant and robust trend [−15.82 mm (10 yr)−1]. The final homogenised temperature and precipitation time series for both China and Greece provide a better representation of the large-scale pattern of climate change over the past decades and provide a quality information source for climatological analyses.
Clear-air turbulence trends over the North Atlantic in high-resolution climate models
Authors: Smith Isabel H. , Williams Paul D. , Schiemann Reinhard
Published: March 2023

Clear-air turbulence (CAT) has a large impact on the aviation sector. Our current understanding of how CAT may increase with climate change in future is largely based on simulations from CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate models (GCMs). However, these models have now been superseded by high-resolution CMIP6 GCMs, which for the first time have grid lengths at which individual turbulence patches may start to be resolved. Here we use a multi-model approach to quantify projected moderate CAT changes over the North Atlantic using CMIP6 models. The influence of the model resolution on CAT projections is analysed. Twenty-one CAT diagnostics are used, in order to represent uncertainties in CAT production mechanisms. Each diagnostic responds differently in time, but the majority display an increase in moderate CAT between 1950 and 2050. Although winter is historically the most turbulent season, there is strong multi-model agreement that autumn and summer will have the greatest overall relative increase in CAT frequency. By 2050, summers are projected to become as turbulent as 1950 winters and autumns. The global-mean seasonal near-surface temperature is used as a comparative metric. For every 1 °C of global near-surface warming, autumn, winter, spring, and summer are projected to have an average of 14%, 9%, 9%, and 14% more moderate CAT, respectively. Our results confirm that the aviation sector should prepare for a more turbulent future.
Electrochemical sensing platform with gold nanoparticles capped by PDDA for benzyl alcohol determination
Authors: Abad-Gil Lucía , Gismera M. Jesús , Sevilla M. Teresa , Procopio Jesús R.
Published: March 2023

An electrochemical sensor has been developed, by modifying screen-printed carbon devices (SPCE) with photochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNP), to determine benzyl alcohol, a preservative widely used in the cosmetic industry. To obtain the AuNP with the best properties for electrochemical sensing applications, the photochemical synthesis was optimized using chemometric tools. A response surface methodology based on central composite design was used to optimize the synthesis conditions, as irradiation time, and the concentrations of metal precursor and the capping/reducing agent (poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, PDDA). The anodic current of benzyl alcohol on SPCE modified with the AuNP was used as response of the system. The best electrochemical responses were obtained using the AuNP generated by irradiating for 18 min a 7.20$$\times$$×10−4 mol L−1AuCl4−-1.7% PDDA solution. The AuNP were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and dynamic light scattering. The nanocomposite-based sensor formed by the optimal AuNP (AuNP@PDDA/SPCE) was used to determine benzyl alcohol by linear sweep voltammetry in 0.10 mol L−1KOH. The anodic current at + 0.017 ± 0.003 V (vs. AgCl) was used as analytical signal. Detection limit obtained under these conditions was 2.8 µg mL−1. The AuNP@PDDA/SPCE was applied to determine benzyl alcohol  in cosmetic samples.

Graphical Abstract
Pain profile during orthodontic levelling and alignment with fixed appliances reported in randomized trials: a systematic review with meta-analyses
Authors: Inauen Deborah Susanne , Papadopoulou Alexandra K. , Eliades Theodore , Papageorgiou Spyridon N.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To assess the pain profile of patients in the levelling/alignment phase of orthodontic treatment, as reported from randomized clinical trials.

Materials and methods

Five databases were searched in September 2022 for randomized clinical trials assessing pain during levelling/alignment with a visual analogue scale (VAS). After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by subgroup/meta-regression, and certainty analyses.

Results

A total of 37 randomized trials including 2277 patients (40.3% male; mean age 17.5 years) were identified. Data indicated quick pain initiation after insertion of orthodontic appliances (n = 6; average = 12.4 mm VAS), a quick increase to a peak at day 1 (n = 29; average = 42.4 mm), and gradually daily decrease the first week until its end (n = 23; average = 9.0 mm). Every second patient reported analgesic use at least once this week (n = 8; 54.5%), with peak analgesic use at 6 h post-insertion (n = 2; 62.3%). Patients reported reduced pain in the evening compared to morning (n = 3; MD =  − 3.0 mm; 95%CI =  − 5.3, − 0.6; P = 0.01) and increased pain during chewing (n = 2; MD = 19.2 mm; 95% CI = 7.9, 30.4; P < 0.001) or occlusion of the back teeth (n = 2; MD = 12.4 mm; 95% CI = 1.4, 23.4; P = 0.3), while non-consistent effects were seen for patient age, sex, irregularity, or analgesic use. Subgroup analyses indicated increased pain among extraction cases and during treatment of the lower (rather than the upper) arch, while certainty around estimates was moderate to high.

Conclusions

Evidence indicated a specific pain profile during orthodontic levelling/alignment, without signs of consistent patient-related influencing factors.
The impact of unexpected flood events and adaption measures on lot prices
Authors: Häse Sophie , Hirte Georg
Published: March 2023

Associated with climate change are the rising frequency, probability, and intensity of natural hazards, as stated by IPCC (2014). To contribute to the evaluation of climate change consequences, we study the impact of river floods caused by torrential rain periods, which are supposed to become and already are one of the major future challenges. Since subsequent flood and adaptation measures are usually interdependent, identifying causal effects is the main challenge. Therefore we investigate a sequence of river floods and subsequent adaption measures in a natural experiment setting. Our study area is the city of Dresden, Germany in the time period from 2000 until 2017. Remarkable in this setting is the exogeneity of the first flood event in 2002 that hit the city unexpectedly after 60 years without considerable flood events. We use a complete set of lot transactions from 2000 until 2017 to study the effect of these events on lot prices. The basis of our identification strategy is a Difference-in-Differences design in which we control for an unstable assignment to treatment and control group. Additionally we consider the heterogeneity of the treatment, which is caused by the varying intensity levels during a flood. It shows that flood risk is incorporated into lot prices only after awareness is risen due to a sudden flood event and that a higher expected intensity increases discounts. A long-term effect can be verified once we control for adaption, such as public protection measures.
The Effect of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine and Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere on the Storage of ‘Bartlett’ Pear
Authors: Wright A. Harrison , Prange Robert K.
Published: March 2023

Storage trials of 4 and 8 months’ duration, using ‘Bartlett’ pear (Pyrus communis) fruit treated with and without aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and stored using ultra low oxygen (ULO) storage (1.5 kPa O2) versus dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA) (≈ 0.6–0.7 kPa O2) based on chlorophyll fluorescence were conducted over 2 years. AVG applied preharvest and DCA storage produced pears with significantly lower respiration, ethylene, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate and ethanol post-storage compared to the other treatment combinations. Lower volatiles reflected a higher level of fruit quality. AVG + DCA also exhibited greater green color and firmness retention than the other treatment combinations. There were few disorders in both years of study, with no correlation with field and storage treatments, with the exception of pear scuffing, which was only present in year 2. The incidence of scuffing was positively associated with both fruit softening and yellowing, with DCA + AVG showing the lowest incidence (10%) and ULO + control, the highest (65%). Softening occurred during the shelf life period, as required, and was not an issue for any treatment combination. However, uneven degreening was a concern for fruit treated with DCA + AVG (mainly when firmness at harvest was > 85 N). Future research on higher maturity levels at harvest or reduced AVG rates could address this concern.
Biolinguistics and biological systems: a complex systems analysis of language
Authors: Nefdt Ryan M.
Published: March 2023

In their recent book, Ladyman and Wiesner (What is a complex system?, Yale University Press, 2020) delineate the bounds of the exciting interdisciplinary field of complexity science. In this work, they provide examples of generally accepted complex systems and common features which these possess to varying degrees. In this paper, I plan to extend their list to include the formal study of natural language, i.e. linguistics. In fact, I will argue that language exhibits many of the hallmarks of a complex system, specifically a complex biological system. Thus, my aim is to advocatecontrathe the ‘Minimalist Program’ (Chomsky, The minimalist program, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1995), which motivates simple underlying mechanisms (i.e. Merge) in their idealisations, that biolinguistics should embrace a ‘Maximalist Program’ in which multiple subfields contribute component explanations to an emerging whole.
The Emergence of Concerned Partnerships in the Ethical Marketization of Place: A Narrative Lens
Authors: Palo Teea
Published: March 2023

This study adopts a narrative lens to investigate how place shapes the emergence and work of cross-sector partnerships (CSPs). Based on a qualitative inquiry of the marketization of Lapland, Finland, as the home of Santa Claus, four matters of concern around the ethicality of marketizing Lapland are followed: revitalization, commerciality, distortion, and imbalance. The findings show how CSPs emerge in the marketization of place through the mechanisms of narrative contestations and misalignment of marketized place and place-identity, and their (re)alignment at the nexus of marketization. The contestations and misalignment generate matters of concern from place, which in turn mobilize CSPs via two interrelated narrative practices: (i) problematizing and (ii) reimagining the marketized place to realign it with place-identity. The paper contributes the construct of concerned partnerships to the literature of CSPs, a place-based form of CSPs which consist of both market and non-market actors, including the place and its social and material resources. They are formed through matters of concern that emerge through misalignments of marketized place and place-identity, to realign them and sustain a place at a nexus of marketization.
Performance-preserving event log sampling for predictive monitoring
Authors: Fani Sani Mohammadreza , Vazifehdoostirani Mozhgan , Park Gyunam , Pegoraro Marco , van Zelst Sebastiaan J. , van der Aalst Wil M. P.
Published: March 2023

Predictive process monitoring is a subfield of process mining that aims to estimate case or event features for running process instances. Such predictions are of significant interest to the process stakeholders. However, most of the state-of-the-art methods for predictive monitoring require the training of complex machine learning models, which is often inefficient. Moreover, most of these methods require a hyper-parameter optimization that requires several repetitions of the training process which is not feasible in many real-life applications. In this paper, we propose an instance selection procedure that allows sampling training process instances for prediction models. We show that our instance selection procedure allows for a significant increase of training speed for next activity and remaining time prediction methods while maintaining reliable levels of prediction accuracy.
Influence of Support Structure on Catalytic Performance of Supported Liquid-Phase (SLP) Catalysts in Hydroformylation of 1-Butene
Authors: Madani Mahtab , Schill Leonhard , Zahrtmann Nanette , Portela Raquel , Arsenjuk Linda , Franke Robert , Fehrmann Rasmus , Riisager Anders
Published: March 2023

Several supported liquid-phase (SLP) catalysts with immobilized Rh-biphephos complexes on monolithic supports were prepared and applied for continuous gas-phase hydroformylation (HyFo) of 1-butene. The support comprised macroporous monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) with deposited silica nanoparticles (NPs) in order to provide mesopores with enhanced capillary forces to retain the liquid-phase. Variable parameters were examined for the monolithic SiC supports, including size and loading of deposited silica NPs and intermediate calcination between silica deposition steps to obtain the most efficient support configuration for the SLP system. The SLP catalysts with larger deposited silica NPs gave higher catalytic activity (i.e. 1-butene conversion and turnover frequency) compared to the supports with smaller sized silica NPs. However, the selectivity towards the preferred linear aldehyde was higher in the SLP catalysts with supports containing less silica with small silica NPs. Importantly, the prepared SLP catalyst systems showed long-term stability in HyFo with negligible formation of high boiling aldol condensation products.