bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Thinking with ‘Modernity’ Eurocentric?
Authors: Seth Sanjay
Published: April 2016

In recent times it has been argued that thinking with the concept of ‘modernity’ entails, or at least makes one prey to, Eurocentrism. Those who are troubled by this have sought to rethink the concept such that one can ‘think with’ modernity, while avoiding, or even challenging, Eurocentrism. This article surveys some such attempts, before moving on to argue that the question of whether modernity is principally a European phenomenon or not cannot be adequately framed without considering the knowledge within which the question comes to be posed; for the knowledge through which we represent and understand modernity is itself, in its origins, European (and modern), and thus the relations between this knowledge and the ‘real’ that it purports to characterize, also need to be interrogated. Doing so, the article suggests, complicates the task of understanding modernity in non-Eurocentric terms, and leads to the recognition that the concept of modernity is not simply a means by which we describe, grasp or apprehend a phenomenon external to it, but that it is itself involved in the production of the modern. If this is so, we are (West and non-West) modern, though not in the way that we have hitherto presumed.
Yeast-containing feed additive alters gene expression profiles associated with innate immunity in whole blood of a rodent model
Authors: Branson Jennifer A , McLean Derek J , Forsberg Neil E , Bobe Gerd
Published: April 2016

Feeding a yeast-containing additive (YCA; OmniGen-AF) improves immune responses in ruminant livestock and reduces subsequent production losses. The objective was to identify molecular pathways by which dietary YCA may modify immune responses using a rodent model. Thirty-seven healthy, unchallenged CD rats received a diet containing 0 (control; n = 5, only 28 d), 0.5% ( n = 15) or 1% ( n = 17) YCA for 7 ( n = 4/group), 14 ( n = 3 or 4/group), 21 ( n = 3 or 4/group) or 28 ( n = 5/group) d. At the end of the feeding periods, whole blood was collected and the isolated RNA was analyzed for the expression of 84 genes involved in innate and cell-mediated adaptive immune responses. Three bacterial pattern recognition receptors TLR1 (0.5%: + 2.01; 1%: + 2.38), TLR6 (0.5%: + 2.11; 1%: + 2.34) and NOD2 (0.5%: + 2.32; 1%: + 2.23), two APC surface receptors CD1D1 (0.5%: + 1.75; 1%: + 2.33) and CD80 (0.5%: +2.45; 1%: +3.00), and the cell signaling molecule MAPK8 (0.5%: +1.87; 1%: +2.35) were significantly up-regulated by YCA at both inclusion rates. In conclusion, feeding YCA may potentially increase recognition and responses to bacterial pathogens and T-cell activation and differentiation and thereby maintain health and prevent production losses.
Analysis of Evidence Supporting the Educational Leadership Constituent Council 2011 Educational Leadership Program Standards
Authors: Tucker Pamela D. , Anderson Erin , Reynolds Amy L. , Mawhinney Hanne
Published: April 2016

This document analysis provides a summary of the research from high-impact journals published between 2008 and 2013 with the explicit purpose of determining the extent to which the current empirical evidence supports the individual 2011 Educational Leadership Constituent Council Program Standards and their elements. We found that the standards are unevenly represented and supported in the research. In general, the research was stronger for Standards 2 and 3 and building-level leadership standards. Without a more substantial research foundation for leadership preparation, program faculty are limited in their ability to design evidence-supported learning content and experiences for the next generation of educational leaders.
Direct measurement of plantarflexion resistive moments and angular positions of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis while walking in individuals post stroke: A preliminary study
Authors: Kobayashi Toshiki , Orendurff Michael S , Singer Madeline L , Daly Wayne K , Lincoln Lucas S , Gao Fan , Foreman K Bo
Published: April 2016

The plantarflexion resistive moments of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis play an important role in improving gait in individuals post stroke. However, the evidence regarding their magnitude required from the articulated ankle–foot orthosis to improve walking is still limited. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to directly measure the plantarflexion resistive moments and the joint angular positions while walking using a prototype instrumented articulated ankle–foot orthosis in five individuals post stroke. The secondary aim was to investigate their moment–angle relationship by changing its preset plantarflexion stiffness. Each subject was fitted with the instrumented articulated ankle–foot orthosis and walked on a treadmill under four different preset plantarflexion stiffness conditions (0.35 N·m/°, 0.51 N·m/°, 0.87 N·m/°, and 1.27 N·m/°). For each subject, the plantarflexion resistive moments and the joint angular positions of five continuous gait cycles were extracted and averaged for each condition. Data were plotted and presented as case series. Both plantarflexion resistive moments and joint angular positions of the ankle–foot orthosis changed according to the preset plantarflexion stiffness in all subjects. Using the instrumented articulated ankle–foot orthosis could potentially advance the understanding of the biomechanics of an ankle–foot orthosis, as well as contribute to more evidence-based orthotic care of patients.
Influence of Extrinsic Risk Factors on National Football League Injury Rates
Authors: Lawrence David W. , Comper Paul , Hutchison Michael G.
Published: April 2016

Background:

The risk of injury associated with American football is significant, with recent reports indicating that football has one of the highest rates of all-cause injury, including concussion, of all major sports. There are limited studies examining risk factors for injuries in the National Football League (NFL).

Purpose:

To identify risk factors for NFL concussions and musculoskeletal injuries.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Injury report data were collected prospectively for each week over the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 regular seasons for all 32 teams. Poisson regression models were used to identify the relationship between predetermined variables and the risk of the 5 most frequent injuries (knee, ankle, hamstring, shoulder, and concussion).

Results:

A total of 480 games or 960 team games (TGs) from the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 regular seasons were included in this study. A trend to an increasing risk of concussion and TG ankle injury with decreasing mean game-day temperature was observed. The risk of TG concussion (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.16; 95% CI, 1.35-3.45; P = .001) and TG ankle injury (IRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10-1.98; P = .01) was significantly greater for TGs played at a mean game-day temperature of ≤9.7°C (≤49.5°F) compared with a mean game-day temperature of ≥21.0°C (≥69.8°F). The risk of TG shoulder injury was significantly increased for TGs played on grass surfaces (IRR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.02-1.81; P = .038) compared with synthetic surfaces. The risk of TG injury was not associated with time in season, altitude, time zone change prior to game, or distance traveled to a game.

Conclusion:

This study evaluated extrinsic risk factors for injury in the NFL. A hazardous association was identified for risk of concussion and ankle injury with colder game-day temperature. Further research should be conducted to substantiate this relationship and its potential implication for injury prevention initiatives.
Why Don’t Teachers Understand Our Questions? Reconceptualizing Teachers’ “Misinterpretation” of Survey Items
Authors: Wilhelm Anne Garrison , Andrews-Larson Christine
Published: April 2016

This study examined sources of inconsistency between teachers’ and researchers’ interpretations of survey items. We analyzed cognitive interview data from 12 middle school mathematics teachers to understand their interpretations of survey items focused on one aspect of their practice: the content of their advice-seeking interactions. Through this analysis we found that previously documented conceptualizations of sources of misinterpretation within teacher surveys (e.g., structural complexity, use of reform language) did not adequately account for all of the inconsistencies between the survey items and teachers’ interpretations. We found it useful to reconceptualize the broader source of many of the misinterpretations as an issue of fit between the researchers’ intended interpretation and teachers’ professional practice.
US–Iran Nuclear Deal: Cohorts and Challenger
Authors: Mahapatra Chintamani
Published: April 2016

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) resulted from 20 months of hard bargain and intense negotiations leading to an understanding between P5+1 and Iran. The deal has been touted as a potential beginning of a thaw in US–Iran relations. It aims at preventing Iran from acquiring a nuclear weapon capability and enabling Iran to resume normal relations with the world by lifting bilateral and multilateral sanctions. The JCPOA was concluded despite intense opposition and strong objections by American allies in the Middle East including Saudi Arabia and Israel and was supported by many world and regional powers such as China and Russia. The deal has implications for the domestic and foreign policies of the US. Developments in the Middle East, domestic American politics as well as US–Iran bilateral equations carry a cart load of unpredictable events that would cause difficulties on the road to implementation of the nuclear deal.
An exceptionally preserved Eocene shark and the rise of modern predator–prey interactions in the coral reef food web
Authors: Fanti Federico , Minelli Daniela , Larocca Conte Gabriele , Miyashita Tetsuto
Published: April 2016

Background

Following extreme climatic warming events, Eocene Lagerstätten document aquatic and terrestrial vertebrate faunas surprisingly similar to modern counterparts. This transition in marine systems is best documented in the earliest teleost-dominated coral reef assemblage of Pesciara di Bolca, northern Italy, from near the end of the Eocene Climatic Optimum. Its rich fauna shows similarities with that of the modern Great Barrier Reef in niche exploitation by and morphological disparity among teleost primary consumers. However, such paleoecological understanding has not transcended trophic levels above primary consumers, particularly in carcharhiniform sharks.

Results

We report an exceptionally preserved fossil school shark (Galeorhinus cuvieri) from Pesciara di Bolca. In addition to the spectacular preservation of soft tissues, including brain, muscles, and claspers, this male juvenile shark has stomach contents clearly identifiable as a sphyraenid acanthomorph (barracuda). This association provides evidence that a predator–prey relationship between Galeorhinus and Sphyraena in the modern coral reefs has roots in the Eocene. A growth curve of the living species of Galeorhinus fitted to G. cuvieri suggests that all specimens of G. cuvieri from the lagoonal deposits of Bolca represent sexually and somatically immature juveniles.

Conclusion

The modern trophic association between higher-degree consumers (Galeorhinus and Sphyraena) has a counterpart in the Eocene Bolca, just as Bolca and the Great Barrier Reef show parallels among teleost primary consumers. Given the age of Bolca, trophic networks among consumers observed in modern coral reefs arose by the exit from the Climatic Optimum. The biased representation of juveniles suggests that the Bolca Lagerstätte served as a nursery habitat for G. cuvieri. Ultraviolet photography may be useful in probing for exceptional soft tissue preservation before common acid preparation methods.
Invited commentary on … NICE v. SIGN on psychosis and schizophrenia
Authors: Taylor Mark , Perera Udayanga
Published: April 2016

How contemporaneous guidelines interpret similar data is interesting but not relevant here. Conflicts of interest are important and various. Two clinically important recommendations in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline CG178 deserve re-visiting.
Alcohol screening for older adults in an acute general hospital: FAST v. MAST-G assessments
Authors: Knightly Rachel , Tadros George , Sharma Juhi , Duffield Peter , Carnall Emma , Fisher Jacqui , Salman Shaza
Published: April 2016

Aims and method

Documented prevalence of alcohol misuse among older adult patients at Birmingham Heartlands Hospital is significantly lower than the national prevalence. We aimed to evaluate our alcohol misuse screening protocol for older adults to identify possible shortcomings. Hospital protocol is to screen all adults for alcohol misuse in the accident and emergency (A&E) department using the Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST). One hundred consecutive consenting in-patients aged 65–94 admitted via A&E subsequently undertook an additional alcohol screening test (Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test-Geriatric version; MAST-G). Results of the two tests were compared.

Results

FAST screening was completed for 71 patients and none were FAST-positive for alcohol misuse, yet using MAST-G, 18 patients scored positively for alcohol misuse. FAST screening failed to identify 8 patients with a documented history of alcohol misuse.

Clinical implications

Older adult alcohol misuse prevalence is significantly underreported using FAST. Screening older adults for alcohol problems requires a different approach to screening the general population.
The Prevent programme: an ethical dilemma for teachers as well as psychiatrists
Authors: Reed Stephanie
Published: April 2016

The UK government's Prevent programme affects professionals and the people who rely on their services across the public sector, particularly now that workers are legally bound to report their concerns about individuals they believe to be at risk of radicalisation. This article discusses the risks that the strategy presents to the work of teachers and the bonds of trusts between staff and students.
CLOCK and BMAL1 Regulate Muscle Insulin Sensitivity via SIRT1 in Male Mice
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhou Ben , Yan Menghong , Huang Rui , Wang Yuangao , He Zhishui , Yang Yonggang , Dai Changgui , Wang Yiqian , Zhang Fang , Zhai Qiwei
Published: April 2016

Circadian misalignment induces insulin resistance in both human and animal models, and skeletal muscle is the largest organ response to insulin. However, how circadian clock regulates muscle insulin sensitivity and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here we show circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) and brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein (BMAL)-1, two core circadian transcription factors, are down-regulated in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Furthermore, insulin signaling is attenuated in the skeletal muscle of ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice, and knockdown of CLOCK or BMAL1 by small interfering RNAs induces insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Consistently, ectopic expression of CLOCK and BMAL1 improves insulin sensitivity in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an important regulator of insulin sensitivity, in C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle, and two E-box elements in Sirt1 promoter are responsible for its CLOCK- and BMAL1-dependent transcription in muscle cells. Further studies show that CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate muscle insulin sensitivity through SIRT1. In addition, we find that BMAL1 and SIRT1 are decreased in the muscle of mice maintained in constant darkness, and resveratrol supplementation activates SIRT1 and improves insulin sensitivity. All these data demonstrate that CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate muscle insulin sensitivity via SIRT1, and activation of SIRT1 might be a potential valuable strategy to attenuate muscle insulin resistance related to circadian misalignment.
Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 on Endometriosis
Authors: Miyashita Mariko , Koga Kaori , Izumi Gentaro , Sue Fusako , Makabe Tomoko , Taguchi Ayumi , Nagai Miwako , Urata Yoko , Takamura Masashi , Harada Miyuki , Hirata Tetsuya , Hirota Yasushi , Wada-Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka
Published: April 2016

Context:

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, chronic inflammatory disease. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D (VD) is an effective modulator of the immune system and plays an important role in controlling many inflammatory diseases.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to clarify the in vitro effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2D3) on human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) and to determine the serum levels of VD in endometriosis patients.

Design, Patients, and Main Outcome Measures:

ESCs were isolated from ovarian endometrioma and cultured with 1,25(OH)2D3. Gene expression of IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2, cytosolic prostaglandin E synthase, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 was examined using quantitative RT-PCR. The production of IL-8 and prostaglandin E2 was measured using an ELISA and an enzyme immunoassay. Viable cell number was assessed using a cell-counting assay, and DNA synthesis was assessed using the bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. The expression of inhibitory-κBα protein was detected using Western blotting. The serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were measured by a RIA.

Results:

In vitro studies showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced IL-1β- or TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses, such as IL-8 expression and prostaglandin activity. 1,25(OH)2D3 also reduced viable ESC numbers and DNA synthesis but did not affect apoptosis. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited nuclear factor-κB activation. The serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels were significantly lower in women with severe endometriosis than in the controls and women with mild endometriosis. Serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were not different between groups.

Conclusions:

VD modulates inflammation and proliferation in endometriotic cells, and a lower VD status is associated with endometriosis. Taken together, VD supplementation could be a novel therapeutic strategy for managing endometriosis.
2014 Presidential Address: Christian Salvation as Ethno-Ethnohistory: Two Views from 1714
Authors: Burkhart Louise M.
Published: April 2016

Formulating the concept of “ethno-ethnohistory,” Ray Fogelson urged ethnohistorians to seek out indigenous people’s perspectives on their own pasts, which might differ from Western academic modes of representing history. In this article, slightly expanded from my 2014 Presidential Address at the American Society for Ethnohistory’s Indianapolis conference, I examine two indigenous-authored texts from colonial Mexico that adopt a Western discourse—Christian salvation—but appropriate it in such a way that it grants legitimacy to indigenous communities. The genres in question are not conventional modes of historical writing, either indigenous or Western, but in the first case a Roman Catholic catechism adapted into pictorial form and in the second a religious drama linked to Renaissance and baroque European performance traditions. Both genres had been assimilated into indigenous textual practices in the sixteenth century. The authors, Nahua noblemen, counter dominant views of indigenous religiosity by asserting full and competent participation in the Christian order.
Reiterative expression of pax1 directs pharyngeal pouch segmentation in medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Okada Kazunori , Inohaya Keiji , Mise Takeshi , Kudo Akira , Takada Shinji , Wada Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

A striking characteristic of vertebrate development is the pharyngeal arches, which are a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the head of vertebrate embryos. Although each pharyngeal arch is segmented by the reiterative formation of endodermal outpocketings called pharyngeal pouches, the molecular network underlying the reiterative pattern remains unclear. Here, we show that pax1 plays critical roles in pouch segmentation in medaka embryos. Importantly, pax1 expression in the endoderm prefigures the location of the next pouch before the cells bud from the epithelium. TALEN-generated pax1 mutants did not form pharyngeal pouches posterior to the second arch. Segmental expression of tbx1 and fgf3, which play critical roles in pouch development, was almost nonexistent in the pharyngeal endoderm of pax1 mutants, with disturbance of the reiterative pattern of pax1 expression. These results suggest that pax1 plays a critical role in generating the primary pattern for segmentation in the pharyngeal endoderm by regulating tbx1 and fgf3 expression. Our findings illustrate the critical roles of pax1 in vertebrate pharyngeal segmentation and provide insights into the evolutionary origin of the deuterostome gill slit.
Cell cycle dependent TGFβ-BMP antagonism regulates neural tube closure by modulating tight junctions
Authors: Amarnath Smita , Agarwala Seema
Published: April 2016

Many organs form by invaginating and rolling flat epithelial cell-sheets into tubes. Invagination of the ventral midline of the neural plate forms the median hinge point (MHP), an event that elevates the neural folds and is essential for neural tube closure (NTC). MHP formation involves dynamic spatiotemporal modulations of cell shape, but how these are achieved is not understood. We show that cell cycle dependent BMP and TGFβ antagonism elicits MHP formation by dynamically regulating interactions between apical (PAR complex) and basolateral (LGL) polarity proteins. TGFβ and BMP activated receptor (r)-SMADs (pSMAD2,3, pSMAD1,5,8) undergo cell cycle dependent modulations and nucleo-cytosolic shuttling along the apicobasal axis of the neural plate. Non-canonical TGFβ and BMP activity in the cytosol determines whether pSMAD2,3 or pSMAD1,5,8 associates with the tight junction (PAR complex) or with LGL, and whether cell-shape changes can occur at the MHP. Thus BMP and TGFβ interactions with polarity proteins dynamically modulate MHP formation by regulating r-SMAD competition for tight junctions and r-SMAD sequestration by LGL.
Myosin II governs collective cell migration behaviour downstream of guidance receptor signalling
Authors: Combedazou Anne , Choesmel-Cadamuro Valérie , Gay Guillaume , Liu Jiaying , Dupré Loïc , Ramel Damien , Wang Xiaobo
Published: April 2016

Border cell migration during Drosophila oogenesis is a potent model to study collective cell migration, a process involved in development and metastasis. Border cell clusters adopt two main types of behaviour during migration: linear and rotational. Still, the molecular mechanism controlling the switch from one to the other is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that non-muscle Myosin II activity controls the linear to rotational switch. Further, we show that the regulation of NMII takes place downstream of guidance receptor signalling and is critical to ensure efficient collective migration. This study thus provides new insight into the molecular mechanism coordinating the different cell behaviours in a migrating cluster.
SURFACE STATE EFFECT OF WELDED STAINLESS STEELS ON CORROSION BEHAVIOR
Authors: Liptáková Tatiana , Lovíšek Martin , Alaskari Ayman , Hadzima Branislav
Published: April 2016

Welding joints of stainless steels are in practice very sensitive places attacked by local corrosion, such as pitting and crevice corrosion, mostly in chloride containing oxidizing environments. It is caused by different oxidation products created on the surface by welding. Corrosion resistance of stainless steels is affected by quality of passive layer (Cr2O3) which created at normal conditions on air. After welding the steels are heated and on the surface are originated different types of oxides which have not the same protective properties. Resistances to intercrystalline and pitting corrosion of two type of welded stainless steel with different surface finishing were tested. Experimental materials are the austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L (welded by the TIG method in inert Ar atmosphere with filler) and the ferritic stainless steel AISI CA6-NM (welded by the WPS method in inert Ar atmosphere with filler and after welding heat treated). Character of the surface after welding and after mechanical finishing by grinding was evaluated by SEM microscopy, EDX analysis. Corrosion resistance to local forms of corrosion was tested by electrochemical potentiodynamic test and by exposure tests in chloride solutions. The steel AISI CA6-NM was tested in fluvial water to simulate real operation environment. The evaluation is supported by microscopic analysis. Susceptibility to intergranular corrosion was tested too and results detect the dangerous localities for corrosion attack and show increasing of corrosion resistance by surface treatment.
QUASISTATIC STRAIN RATES’ EFFECT TO THE PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED STEELS FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY
Authors: Evin Emil , Tomáš Miroslav , Výrostek Marek
Published: April 2016

The paper presents the findings of the strain rate effect, described in constitutive material models by strain rate sensitivity index m, to the strength and deformation material properties. These were evaluated from stress-strain diagrams recorded at tensile test using PC controlled testing machine TiraTEST 2300 according to STN EN ISO 6892-1. The high strength low alloyed steel H220PD, dual phase steel DP 600 and Trip steel RAK 40/70 were investigated at strain rates  = 0.0021, 0.083 and 0.125 s-1. The results indicate major influence of the strain rate to the strength properties while only minor influence have been found when evaluate the deformation properties. The results also shown single phase materials are more sensitive to the strain rate than dual phase materials.
STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF COLD-ROLLED IF STEEL
Authors: Bui Anh-Hoa , Le Hoang
Published: April 2016

With the emerge of vacuum technology, it is possible to produce ultra low carbon (ULC) steels with carbon content of less than 0.005 %mass which is called interstitial free (IF) steels. In this study, strength and microstructure of IF steel after cold-rolling have been determined. The initial steel plates were cold-rolled using two different cold reductions (CR) as 80 and 90% in total, thereafter the steel sheets were cut into specimens for tensile test and optical microscopy. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the cold-rolled steel was high (650807 MPa), but the elongation (EL) was low (3.55.3%). Meanwhile, UTS of the annealed steels was decreased to 290 MPa when soaking temperature was 800oC because of stress relief and recrystallization. It was concluded that higher CR (more severe deformation) increased the strength but decreased the ductility of the IF steels. In consistence with micrograph of the steels, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that microstructure of the cold-rolled and annealed IF steels was only ferrite. Textures, one of the most important factors affecting the recrystallization, were found in cold-rolled steels.
The Minimum Spanning k-Core Problem with Bounded CVaR Under Probabilistic Edge Failures
Authors: Ma Juan , Pajouh Foad Mahdavi , Balasundaram Balabhaskar , Boginski Vladimir
Published: April 2016

This article introduces the minimum spanning k-core problem that seeks to find a spanning subgraph with a minimum degree of at least k (also known as a k-core) that minimizes the total cost of the edges in the subgraph. The concept of k-cores was introduced in social network analysis to identify denser portions of a social network. We exploit the graph-theoretic properties of this model to introduce a new approach to survivable interhub network design via spanning k-cores; the model preserves connectivity and diameter under limited edge failures. The deterministic version of the problem is polynomial-time solvable due to its equivalence to generalized graph matching. We propose two conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) constrained optimization models to obtain risk-averse solutions for the minimum spanning k-core problem under probabilistic edge failures. We present polyhedral reformulations of the convex piecewise linear loss functions used in these models that enable Benders-like decomposition approaches. A decomposition and branch-and-cut approach is then developed to solve the scenario-based approximation of the CVaR-constrained minimum spanning k-core problem for the aforementioned loss functions. The computational performance of the algorithm is investigated via numerical experiments.
British Journal of Nursing Awards: profiling this year's finalists and winner
Authors: Senior Amy
Published: April 2016

On 11 March 2016, the British Journal of Nursing acknowledged aesthetic nursing for the fourth time. All of this year's nominees were as exceptional as ever and were commended for achievements ranging from providing high-quality training, to running a popular supportive Facebook group for practitioners specialising in aesthetics. Amy Senior outlines the achievements of the three finalists
Making your brand remarkable: targeting early adopters and innovators
Authors: Ratcliffe Jason
Published: April 2016

In today's fast-moving society, many marketing messages and traditional forms of advertising can be ignored. To get the attention of your target audience, it is important to find sub-niches in the medical aesthetic marketplace, and to offer your clients exclusive opportunities and products. Jason Ratcliffe discusses how you can get your marketing messages to spread organically by working with innovators
Understanding the value of staff training and education in boosting business potential
Authors: Smith Victoria
Published: April 2016

Training and education go hand in hand. Providing regular updates for staff will address employee weaknesses, enhance skills, promote consistency in performance, ensure worker satisfaction, increase productivity, improve quality of services, and enable a reduction in supervision. In this article, Victoria Smith will look at each of these areas and describe the benefits for your aesthetic clinic
The outcome and prognostic factors in children with bilateral Perthes’ disease
Authors: Wiig O. , Huhnstock S. , Terjesen T. , Pripp A. H. , Svenningsen S.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The aims of this study were to describe the course of non-operatively managed, bilateral Perthes’ disease, and to determine specific prognostic factors for the radiographic and clinical outcome.

Patients and Methods

We identified 40 children with a mean age of 5.9 years (1.8 to 13.5), who were managed non-operatively for bilateral Perthes’ disease from our prospective, multicentre study of this condition, which included all children in Norway who were diagnosed with Perthes’ disease in the five-year period between 1996 and 2000. All children were followed up for five years. The hips were classified according to the Catterall classification. A modified three-group Stulberg classification was used as an outcome measure, with a spherical femoral head being defined as a good outcome, an oval head as fair, and a flat femoral head as a poor outcome.

Results

Concurrent, simultaneous bilateral Perthes’ disease was seen in 23 children and 17 had the sequential onset of bilateral disease. The mean delay in onset for the second hip in the latter group was 1.9 years (0.3 to 5.5). The five-year radiographic outcome was good in 30 (39%), fair in 25 (33%) and poor in 21 (28%) of the hips. The strongest predictors of poor outcome were > 50% necrosis of the femoral head, with odds ratio (OR) 19.6, and age at diagnosis > 6 years (OR 3.3). Other risk factors for poor outcome were the timing of the onset of disease, where children with the sequential onset of bilateral disease had a higher risk than those with the concurrent onset of bilateral disease (p = 0.021, chi-squared test). Following a diagnosis of Perthes’ disease in one hip, there was a 5% chance of developing it in the contralateral hip.

Conclusion

These results imply that we need to distinguish between children with concurrent onset and those with sequential onset of bilateral Perthes’ disease, as the outcomes may be different. This has not been previously described. Children with concurrent onset of bilateral disease had a similar outcome to our previous series of those with unilateral disease, whereas children with sequential onset of bilateral disease had a worse prognosis. The increased risk of developing Perthes’ disease in the contralateral hip in those with unilateral disease is important information for the child and parents. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:569–75.
Amputation in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Midbari A. , Suzan E. , Adler T. , Melamed E. , Norman D. , Vulfsons S. , Eisenberg E.
Published: April 2016

Aims

Amputation in intractable cases of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) remains controversial. The likelihood of recurrent Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), residual and phantom limb pain and persistent disability after amputation is poorly described in the literature. The aims of this study were to compare pain, function, depression and quality of life between patients with intractable CRPS who underwent amputation and those in whom amputation was considered but not performed.

s

There were 19 patients in each group, with comparable demographic details. The amputated group included 14 men and five women with a mean age of 31 years (sd 12) at the time of CRPS diagnosis. The non-amputated group consisted of 12 men and seven women and their mean age of 36.8 years (sd 8) at CRPS diagnosis. The mean time from CRPS diagnosis to (first) amputation was 5.2 years (sd 4.3) and the mean time from amputation to data collection was 6.6 years (sd 5.8). All participants completed the following questionnaires: Short-Form (SF) 36, Short Form McGill Pain questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Pain Disability Index (PDI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a clinical demographic questionnaire.

Results

The amputation group showed consistently better results compared to the non-amputation group in the following parameters: median pain intensity (VAS): 80 (inter-quartile range (IQR) 13 to 92) vs 91 (IQR 85 to 100); p = 0.007; median SF-MPQ score 28 (IQR 9 to 35) vs 35 (IQR 31 to 38), p = 0.025; median PDI: 42 (IQR 11 to 64) vs 58 (IQR 50 to 62), p = 0.031; median BDI: 19 (IQR 5 to 28) vs 27 (IQR 21 to 32), p = 0.061 (borderline significant) and in six of the eight SF-36 domains. Take home message: Amputation should be considered as a form of treatment for patients with intractable CRPS. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:548–54.
Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty, as a salvage procedure, following failed internal fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck
Authors: Mahmoud S. S. S. , Pearse E. O. , Smith T. O. , Hing C. B.
Published: April 2016

Aims

The optimal management of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in independently mobile patients remains open to debate. Successful fixation obviates the limitations of arthroplasty for this group of patients. However, with fixation failure rates as high as 30%, the outcome of revision surgery to salvage total hip arthroplasty (THA) must be considered. We carried out a systematic review to compare the outcomes of salvage THA and primary THA for intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck.

Patients and Methods

We performed a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) compliant systematic review, using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane libraries databases. A meta-analysis was performed where possible, and a narrative synthesis when a meta-analysis was not possible.

Results

Our analyses revealed a significantly increased risk of complications including deep infection, early dislocation and peri-prosthetic fracture with salvage THA when compared with primary THA for an intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck (overall risk ratio of 3.15). Functional outcomes assessment using EuroQoL (EQ)-5D were not significantly different (p = 0.3).

Conclusion

Salvage THA carries a significantly higher risk of complications than primary THA for intracapsular fractured neck of femur. Current literature is still lacking well designed studies to provide a full answer to the question. Take home message: Salvage THA is associated with more complications than primary THA for intracapsular neck of femur fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:452–60.
Radiological characteristics of the knee joint in nail patella syndrome
Authors: Tigchelaar S. , Rooy J. de , Hannink G. , Koëter S. , van Kampen A. , Bongers E.
Published: April 2016

Aim

Nail patella syndrome (NPS) is a skeletal dysplasia with patellofemoral dysfunction as a key symptom. We present the first in-depth radiological evaluation of the knee in a large series of NPS patients and describe the typical malformations.

Patients and Methods

Conventional radiological examination of 95 skeletally mature patients with NPS was performed. Patellar morphology was classified according to the Wiberg classification as modified by Baumgartl and Ficat criteria, and trochlear shape was classified according to the Dejour classification.

Results

Patellar aplasia was present in 4/90 (4%), and patellar hypoplasia in 77/90 (86%) of patients. The prevailing patellar shapes were type III, type IV and Hunter’s cap. No patellar shape genotype-phenotype association could be found. The malformations of the distal femur comprised shortening of the lateral femoral condyle in 46 out of 84 patients (55%), with a prominent anterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle in 47 out of 84 patients (56%) and a flat anterior surface of the medial femoral condyle in 78 out of 85 patients (92%). The trochlea was type A1 according to the Dejour classification in 79 out of 85 patients (93%).

Conclusion

An easily recognisable characteristic quartet of malformations consisting of patellar aplasiaor hypoplasia and the malformations of the distal femur was found in 22 out of 81 patients (27%), with the majority displaying at least three malformations. Take home message: The distinct malformations of the knee in nail patella syndrome are easily recognisable on conventional radiographs and lead to the correct interpretation of the aberrant morphology which is essential in the treatment of these patellofemoral disorders. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:483–9.
Induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone defects due to post-traumatic osteomyelitis
Authors: Wang X. , Luo F. , Huang K. , Xie Z.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

Induced membrane technique is a relatively new technique in the reconstruction of large bone defects. It involves the implantation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement in the bone defects to induce the formation of membranes after radical debridement and reconstruction of bone defects using an autologous cancellous bone graft in a span of four to eight weeks. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical outcomes of the induced membrane technique for the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis in 32 patients.

Methods

A total of 32 cases of post-traumatic osteomyelitis were admitted to our department between August 2011 and October 2012. This retrospective study included 22 men and ten women, with a mean age of 40 years (19 to 70). Within this group there were 20 tibias and 12 femurs with a mean defect of 5 cm (1.5 to 12.5). Antibiotic-loaded PMMA cement was inserted into the defects after radical debridement. After approximately eight weeks, the defects were implanted with bone graft.

Results

The patients were followed for 27.5 months (24 to 32). Radiographic bone union occurred at six months for 26 cases (81%) and clinical healing occurred in 29 cases (90%) at ten months. A total of six cases had a second debridement before bone grafting because of recurrence of infection and one patient required a third debridement. No cases of osteomyelitis had recurred at the time of the last follow-up visit.

Conclusion

The induced membrane technique for the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis is a simple, reliable method, with good early results. However, there are many challenges in determining the scope of the debridement, type of limb fixation and source of bone graft to be used. Cite this article: Dr Z. Xie. Induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone defects due to post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:101–105. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000487.
Ethno-medicinal plants used for herbal medication of jaundice by the indigenous community of Tripura, India
Authors: DEB DIPANKAR , DATTA B.K. , DEBBARMA JABA , DEB SOURABH
Published: April 2016

Deb D, Datta BK, Debbarma J, Deb S. 2016. Ethno-medicinal plants used for herbal medication of jaundice by the indigenous community of Tripura, India. Biodiversitas 17: 256-269. The immemorial association of medicinal plants is highlighted inÂ various utilization pattern by different indigenous community. An investigation was done for less known ethno-medicinal plants usedÂ for jaundice as well as some other ailments by the indigenous community of Tripura, Northeast India. The traditional utilization ofÂ plants for treatment of jaundice by the indigenous communities is not so well studied in the land locked hilly part of the country. TimelyÂ ethnobotanical survey was undertaken with the knowledge of the species mainly used for curing jaundice. Necessary specimens wereÂ collected and cross-checked with the existing literatures. A total of 50 ethno-medicinal plant species belonging to 37 families wereÂ documented used for the treatment of jaundice (5 plant species with an additional ingredient of 5 species) and other diseases. MainlyÂ leaves and roots were preferred to prepare decoction, pills and paste etc. Most of the plant species are sources of different chemical constituents which further contribute in formulating drug for common use. The active biochemical compounds are investigated by thorough literature survey. There is need for further critical phytochemical analysis and investigation of new valid drugs. Immediate documentation of such valuable knowledge is necessary as we are gradually missing many precious traditional herbal formulations with increasing impacts of modernization.
Data, Data Everywhere, But Access Remains a Big Issue for Researchers: A Review of
Access Policies for Publicly-Funded Patient-level Health Care Data in the United
States
Authors: Doshi Jalpa A. , Hendrick Franklin B. , Graff Jennifer S. , Stuart Bruce C.
Published: April 2016

Introduction: High quality research regarding treatment effectiveness, quality,
and value is critical for improving the U.S. health care system. Recognition of this has
led federal and state officials to better leverage existing data sources such as medical
claims and survey data, but access must be balanced with privacy concerns.Methods: We
reviewed and catalogued data access policies for a selection of publicly-funded federal
and state datasets to investigate how such policies may be promoting or limiting
research activities.Results: We found significant variation in data access policies
across federal agencies and across state agencies, including variation for multiple
datasets available from the same agency. We also observed numerous indirect hurdles to
use of data, including complex data use application procedures, high user fees, and
prolonged wait times for data delivery.Conclusions: Policy makers and data owners should
consider making changes to data access policies to maximize the utility and availability
of these valuable resources.
Cone beam computed tomography: Rejuvenating dentistry
Authors: Baqain Zaid , Hadidi Abeer Al
Published: April 2016

Dental cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the three-dimensional imaging of choice in modern dentistry. In the developed world, guidelines have been published on the use of CBCT in dentistry, largely in response to the risks associated with ionising radiation exposure. However, the availability of different models on the market at affordable prices has made this machine an integral part of the contemporary dentists’ apparatus, even in the developing world. Here, we underline the importance of awareness on radiation protection, image acquisition, familiarity with the software and image interpretation.
Effect of fair value accounting on the company's reputation
Authors: Riahi Olfa , Khoufi Walid
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study in the French context the impact of the application of fair value on the shareholder value creation by comparing the informationâ€™s relevance of accounting indicators of French corporate groups in the industrial sector included in the CAC All-Tradable between pre-fair value period (2001-2003) and the post-fair value (2005-2007). Using the method of logistic regression permits us to demonstrate, firstly, that the variables of traditional character still retain their rank as key indicators determining stock return whatever the accounting principle relating thereto, and we noticed, on the other hand, that there is a marked improvement in information content of variables if and only they were submitted as understandable and uncomplicated under the model of fair value.
Können Versicherungen zur großen Transformation beitragen?
Authors: Meinhold Marie-Luise
Published: April 2016

Ist nicht die Gewinnmaximierung schuld an der Ausbeutung von Mensch und Planet? Und ist nicht der Finanzsektor der Inbegriff der Gewinnmaximierung? Der Artikel zeigt Ansatzpunkte auf, mit denen der Finanzsektor zur Transformation beitragen kann.
Sterilized by Grief
Authors: Pennington Sarah
Published: April 2016

In this poetry-infused autoethnography, I reflect on how the experience of my baby brother's death influenced my choice not to have children of my own. In reviewing the extant literature about women who choose to remain childless, I found my experience is not reflected, as much of what is written about the increasing number of women who are childless by choice focuses on reasons such as finances, freedom, and career. With this in mind, I offer my story and present an alternative narrative of grief impacting the choice to remain childless.
A Lonely Discourse
Authors: Cunningham Summer R.
Published: April 2016

This performative text is a study of relationships at multiple levels. I ask readers to (re)consider the desire and possibility for connection in various types of relationships—romantic and intertextual as well as relationships between mothers and children, mothers and others, readers and writers, presence and absence. In relating my experiences of single motherhood, I raise questions about the possibility for creative communication scholarship—performative writing in particular—to perform the relational work of connecting us to others with whom we do not share similar life experiences or situations.
Memories of Venice
Authors: Simmons Jake
Published: April 2016

In this postmodern qualitative account of an interspecies relationship, the author argues for a posthumanist scholarly orientation that critiques anthropocentric trends toward knowledge construction. Following Sarah J. Tracy's1 suggestion regarding more flexible and expansive literary styles, this essay appears in the form of a letter to a canine friend, Venice. The author asks us to consider a symbiogenetic perspective of qualitative research that recognizes philosophical perspectives that are less widely considered within the humanities, particularly those dedicated to an expanded view of world-making within a nature–culture network.