bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Segurança e soberania alimentar indígena no extremo Norte do Amapá – Brasil
Authors: Ramos Claudiane de Menezes , Noda Hiroshi , Martins Ayrton Luiz Urizzi
Published: April 2021

Os povos indígenas que habitam a Terra Indígena Uaçá, no extremo norte do estado do Amapá desenvolveram uma rede de relações complexas entre seres visíveis e invisíveis que operam para existência de um modo de vida integrado ao meio ambiente. Os Galibi-Marworno, Karipuna e Palikur-Arukwayene conseguem viver dentro da Terra Indígena Uaçá com as condições que ela lhes oferece, cultivando e manejando uma alta diversidade de espécies animais e vegetais, lançando mão de distintas práticas, distintos conhecimentos, em contínua transformação, um eterno recomeço de vida, o que vem garantindo a segurança e soberania alimentar. O artigo contempla um dos resultados da minha pesquisa de Doutorado que teve como objetivo principal compreender a importância do cultivo e manejo da agrobiodiversidade para segurança e soberania alimentar na Terra Indígena Uaçá. Adotei o Estudo de Caso como método de abordagem da pesquisa e técnicas interdisciplinares para levantamento das evidências de campo como, listagem livre, rodas de conversa, relatos orais, observação direta, observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas.
Modelos didáticos no ensino de Botânica
Authors: Souza Ilgmir Renan de , Gonçalves Nilda Masciel Neiva , Pacheco Ana Carolina Landim , Abreu Maria Carolina de
Published: April 2021

No Brasil, a utilização de modelos didáticos educacionais, se deu entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, assim promovendo o ensino de forma mais efetivo. Considerando que estes mostram-se essenciais para compreensão de conteúdos de Botânica, o presente trabalho apresenta a utilização de modelos didáticos no ensino de Botânica a partir da análise de publicações das bases de dados da plataforma Periódicos CAPES, SCIELO e dos anais do Congresso Nacional de Botânica-CNBot e do Congresso Nacional de Educação-CONEDU, no período de 2005 a 2019. Especificamente, busca identificar a eficácia da utilização dos modelos didáticos; modalidades de ensino em que são utilizados; materiais para sua confecção e metodologias utilizadas com modelo didático de Botânica. A revisão mostrou que 32 publicações atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os trabalhos analisados apresentam aspectos positivos quanto ao uso dos modelos didáticos para o ensino de botânica, por subsidiarem a compreensão dos conceitos teóricos e comparação com os estudos morfológicos dos vegetais. Sua utilização se faz em maior escala no Ensino Superior e no Ensino Fundamental. O biscuit é o material recomendado para sua produção por sua durabilidade e preço acessível, mas outros materiais também podem ser utilizados. Os modelos didáticos são utilizados durante aulas expositivas, aulas práticas, aulas interativas, exposições, intervenções e auxiliam na aprendizagem de alunos com deficiência visual.
Países que integram o BRICS e suas medidas de biossegurança nas clínicas odontológicas durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Mélo Cláudia Batista , Araújo Eduarda Gomes Onofre de , Farias Gabrieli Duarte , Rocha Leandro Nobre Fialho de Carvalho , Piagge Carmem Silvia Laureano Dalle
Published: April 2021

A pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus fez surgir a necessidade da adoção de diretrizes de biossegurança para o atendimento odontológico, estabelecendo medidas preventivas para conter a propagação do vírus. O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar, diferenciar e comparar os protocolos de biossegurança e atendimento odontológico após COVID-19 entre os países integrantes do BRICS (Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul), guiando a prática odontológica com segurança e eficácia. Trata-se de um estudo documental, descritivo, qualitativo e quantitativo, no qual foram selecionados decretos e manuais disponibilizados nos sites das entidades reguladoras, acerca dos protocolos de biossegurança aplicados à Odontologia durante a pandemia. Dentre os resultados deste trabalho, foi identificado que todos os países integrantes do BRICS colocaram como obrigatoriedade para as clínicas odontológicas seguir um protocolo de atendimento, tendo como base as entidades reguladoras do próprio país; o Brasil foi o país com maior número de publicações oficiais sobre os cuidados durante o atendimento odontológico, seguido da Rússia e Índia; a China foi o país que apresentou menor número de adequações, tendo em vista que já possuía protocolos bem consolidados em decorrência de outras infecções que assolam o país. Conclui-se que os países que integram o BRICS, através de suas entidades reguladoras, disponibilizaram um protocolo para atendimento após COVID-19, com destaque para o uso do Face Shield, das máscaras N95 e PFF2, bem como, dos jalecos e aventais impermeáveis, principalmente, em procedimentos que geram aerossóis.
Avaliação epidemiológica da Síndrome Hipertensiva Específica da Gravidez em um município da região norte do Brasil
Authors: Evangelista Hannah Imbelloni , Pompeu da Silva Talita , Aguiar dos Santos Gabriel , Corrêa da Costa Duarte Renan , Ferreira do Carmo Adriani , Lima da Costa Marcio , Silva Matos Andrew , Wilker Nascimento Vaz Davis
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos da Síndrome Hipertensiva Específica da Gravidez (SHEG), em Belém, Pará, durante o período de janeiro de 2016 até dezembro de 2020. Metodologia: estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e quantitativo cujo dados foram obtidos mediante informações disponíveis no Departamento de Informática do Sistema de Saúde Unificado (DATASUS). Foram escolhidas as seguintes variáveis epidemiológicas: número de internações, anos das internações (2016 a 2020), faixa etária, etnia (branca, preta, parda, amarela e sem informação) e número de óbitos por ano. Resultados: O estudo identificou um total de 7386 casos de SHEG nos 5 anos avaliados. A maior parte ocorreu em pacientes na faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos (66,42%), 16,93% das pacientes com SHEG eram adolescentes (10 a 19 anos) e 16,63% possuíam idade igual ou superior a 35 anos. Com relação à etnia das participantes da pesquisa, houve predomínio da cor parda (88,89%), seguida pela branca (4,45%), preta (1,81%) e amarela (0,06%), respectivamente. O estudo também identificou um número considerável de óbitos ocasionados por SHEG. Conclusão: A presente pesquisa evidenciou a importância dos profissionais de saúde, principalmente da APS, sempre estarem atentos aos fatores de risco, para assim, identificar, previamente, aquelas gestantes com maior risco de evoluirem para a SHEG de modo a orientá-las e prover uma assistência pré-natal mais integral e particularizada. Ademais, é imperativo melhorias no manejo da gestante nas urgências e emergências obstétricas com o intuito de diminuir a mortalidade associada à SHEG.
Performance Motivation and Employees of Different Generations in Slovak Industrial Enterprises
Authors: Stareček, PhD. Ing. Augustín , Vraňaková, PhD. Ing. Natália , Koltnerová, PhD. Ing. Kristína , Kubišová Ing. Eliška , Jurík, PhD. Ing. Lukáš , Chlpeková, PhD. doc. Ing. Andrea , Ďuriš Ing. Dominik , Krchnáková Ing. Michaela
Published: April 2021

Currently, there are four unique generations of employees on the labour market (Generation BB, Generation X, Generation Y, and Generation Z. The individual performance of employees is largely influenced by their motivation to perform. The main aim of the article is to present the results of the research focused on the analysis of the performance motivation of different generations in Slovak industrial enterprises. A standardized psychodiagnostic performance motivation questionnaire (D-M-V) was used for data collection, which was distributed to six industrial enterprises operating in Slovakia. The research sample consisted of N=158 respondents (administrative employees and managers). By evaluating the established research hypotheses, statistically, significant relationships were identified between the monitored variables from the D-M-V questionnaire and perceived age discrimination and the possibility of further education in industrial enterprises. Proven and quantified statistically significant relationships can be used to increase individual employee performance, which contributes to the overall performance of the organization.
A Colonial Port, a Caledonian Wedding and the Scots’ Diaspora: Callum McLean (1903–1990) as Businessman in Surabaya and Laird in Aberdeenshire During the Inter-War Decades
Authors: Knight G. Roger
Published: April 2021

The Aberdeenshire-born Niel Malcolm ‘Callum’ McLean was an individual who rose to prominence in European mercantile circles in the colonial Indonesian port of Surabaya in the interwar decades of the twentieth century. In discussing his life and times, the paper reflects on a number of larger themes, pertaining chiefly to empire and to the Scots’ diaspora, understood not only in terms of dispersal but also of return. McLean, it argues, was a new kind of ‘expatriate’. Thanks not least to improved global communications, he was able to maintain a presence not only in ‘the East’ but also on his native turf in Aberdeenshire.
Rancang bangun aplikasi presensi berbasis geolokasi dan interval waktu
Authors: Wibowo Galih Hendra , Prasetyo Junaedi Adi , Ayatullah Mohamad Dimyati
Published: April 2021

Dewasa ini, masih banyak didapati kecurangan presensi kehadiran saat bekerja seperti melakukan titip absen kepada pegawai lain atau hanya absen saat jam masuk dan jam pulang, namun pegawai tersebut tidak sedang berada di kantor selama jam kerja. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan produktifitas menurun yang berakibat pada kualitas pegawai.

Permasalahan ini dapat diselesaikan dengan memanfaatkan penerapan teknologi informasi dan komonukasi seperti Global Positioning System (GPS) yang dapat mendata informasi spasial seseorang dalam area lingkup. Melalui aplikasi android pada setiap perangkat yang dimiliki pegawai, dapat memudahkan serta transparansi dari kegiatan presensi. Sistem didalamnya akan membatasi cakupan area lingkup dengan area luar lingkup yang diambil dari titik koordinat latitude dan longtitu ditempat kerja. Lingkupan area ditentukan dari radius pada masing-masing lokasi. Nilai koordinat dijadikan dasar dalam kehadiran serta waktu kerja yang ditentukan dan dicek secara berkala atau interval waktu. Adapun tingkat keberhasilan system presensi berbasis geolokasi yang telah diperoleha dalah rata-rata 92% dengan rincian 98% di area Teknik Informatika, 100% di area rektorat, dan 80 % di area 454.

 

Today, there are still many cases of attendance fraud while working, such as entrusting absences to other employees or only absent during entry and return hours, but these employees are not in the office during working hours. This can lead to decreased productivity which results in the quality of employees. This problem can be solved by utilizing the application of information and communication technology such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) which can record a person's spatial information within the scope area. Through the Android application on every device owned by employees, it can facilitate and transparency of attendance activities. The system inside will limit the coverage area of ​​the scope to the area outside the scope which is taken from the latitude and longitude coordinate points of the work place. The area coverage is determined from the radius at each location. Coordinate values ​​are used as the basis for attendance and work time which is determined and checked periodically or at time intervals. The success rate of the geolocation-based presence system that has been obtained is an average of 92% with details of 98% in the Information Engineering area, 100% in the rectorate area, and 80% in the 454 area.
IoT system terpadu untuk pengelolaan sarang lebah
Authors: Wardhany Vivien Arief , Wardhany Vivien Arief , Hidayat Alfin
Published: April 2021

Lebah madu adalah jenis serangga social yang hidup berkoloni. Lebah memiliki manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia yaitu dalam proses penyerbukan tanaman serta menghasilkan madu yang dapat dikonsumsi karena memilki nilai gizi yang tinggi. Pada sistem peternakan lebah modern ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan yaitu iklim, lokasi sarang lebah dengan ketersediaan tanaman (bunga) yang menjadi sumber makan bagi lebah dan material sarang lebah. Pada penelitian ini telah dibuat suatu sistem terpadu yang terdiri dari 3 bagian penyusun sistem yaitu hardware yang terdiri dari sensor suhu, kelembaban, load cell dan geo lokasi (penentu lokasi) berikutnya adalah software yang terdiri dari Web Server dan aplikasi Android yang berisi data hasil pembacaan sensor yang disajikan dalam bentuk grafik sehingga memudahkan pembacaan hasil monitoring dari hardware, serta notifikasi apabila tiba saat pemanenan sarang atau kondisi suhu dan kelembaban yang tidak sesuai dengan standar tidak terpenuhi. Hasil pengujian sistem ini didapatkan bahwa Suhu optimal pada kandang lebah dapat dipertahankan dengan aktuator. Aktuator dapat mepertahankan suhu dari 34,4 ℃ ke 32,9℃ selama 1 menit 5 detik dan dari 31,2 ℃ ke 32,2 ℃ selama 1 menit 15 detik. Aplikasi web dan android ini mempermudah para peternak lebah untuk mengelola kondisi sarang lebah dari hasil pengujian untuk monitoring kondisi sarang lebah dapat berjalan dengan baik, dimana data yang ditampilkan adalah suhu, kelembaban dan berat.

Honey bees are a type of social insect that live in colonies. Bees have benefits for human life, namely in the process of pollinating plants and producing honey that can be consumed because of their high nutritional value. In the modern beekeeping sistem, there are several things that need to be considered, namely the climate, the location of the beehive and the availability of plants (flowers) which are a source of food for bees and beehive materials. In this research, an integrated system consisting of 3 parts of the system has been created, namely Hardware consisting of temperature, humidity, load cell and geo location sensors. Next is the software consisting of a Web Server and an Android application that contains reading data. sensors are presented in graphical form to facilitate reading of monitoring results from Hardware, as well as notifications when nest harvesting arrives or temperature and humidity conditions that do not comply with standards are not met. The test results of this system show that the optimal temperature in the beehive can be maintained with an actuator. The actuator can maintain temperature from 34.4 ℃ to 32.9 ℃ for 1 minute 5 seconds and from 31.2 ℃ to 32.2 ℃ for 1 minute 15 seconds. This Web and Android application makes it easier for beekeepers to manage the conditions of the beehive. From the test results for monitoring the conditions of the beehive, it can run well, where the data displayed is temperature, humidity and weight.
Metode PID untuk pengkondisian suhu pada bedplate di pencetak 3D 2x2x2 meter
Authors: Setiawan Budhy , Tama Purusa , Cahya Delila
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

3D Printer mulai digunakan di dalam dunia industri Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, karena dengan meggunakan 3D printer pembuatan prototype yang biasanya memakan waktu cukup lama dapat dibuat dalam waktu yang lebih singkat. Pada pembuatan 3D Printer Bedplate bisa dibilang salah satu bagian terpenting dari 3D printer, karena tidak akan bisa mencetak dengan baik tanpa itu. Fungsi utama Bedplate sendiri yaitu sebagai tempat alas cetak selama proses mencetak berlangsung. Terdapat banyak variasi Bedplate dengan menggunakan permukaan yang berbeda, karakteristik termal yang berbeda dan ukuran yang berbeda. Bedplate yang dijual secara universal memiliki ukuran kurang dari 50 cm sehingga jika ingin mencetak obyek dengan ukuran lebih dari 50 cm diperlukan bedplate dengan ukuran lebih dari 50 cm. Pada penelitian ini untuk mencetak obyek menggunakan Bedplate dengan ukuran 1 x 2 meter yang terbuat dari bahan kaca dan untuk filament menggunakan bahan biji plastik high density polyethylene (HDPE). Filament HDPE cenderung memiliki daya rekat yang buruk pada permukaan. Pada bahan cetak 3D Printer menggunakan Bahan high density polyethylene (HDPE) diperlukan suhu Konstan 65°C secara merata pada Bedplate agar bahan cetak dapat menempel dengan baik pada Bedplate.Untuk menghasilkan hasil cetakan yang baik, suhu Bedplate harus dikontrol dengan tepat dengan menggunakan Metode Proportional Intergral Deferential (PID), suhu terbaik Bedplate untuk Untuk proses penempelan bahan high density polyethylene HDPE adalah sebesar 65°C

ABSTRACT

3D Printer began to be used in the indonesian industrial world in recent years, because by using 3D printers that usually take a long time can be made in a shorter time. In the manufacture of 3D Printer Bedplate is arguably one of the most important parts of 3D printers, because it would not be able to print well without it. The main function of Bedplate itself is as a printing base during the printing process. There are many variations of Bedplate using different surfaces, different thermal characteristics and different sizes. Bedplate sold universally has a size of less than 50 cm so if you want to print objects with a size of more than 50 cm is required bedplate with a size of more than 50 cm. In this study to print objects using Bedplate with a size of 1 x 2 meters made of glass and for filament using high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic seed material. HDPE filaments tend to have poor adhesence on the surface. In 3D printing materials Printers use high density polyethylene (HDPE) materials required Constant temperature of 65 °C evenly on the Bedplate so that the print material can stick well to the Bedplate.To produce a good print result, the temperature of Bedplate must be controlled precisely by using the Proportional Intergral Deferential Method (PID), the best temperature bedplate for the process of attaching materials High density polyethylene HDPE material is 65 °C.
Penggunaan SFCL untuk membatasi arus gangguan pada jaringan distribusi terintegrasi dengan pembangkit energi baru terbarukan
Authors: Hayusman Lauhil Mahfudz , Saputera Noor , Sampe Eddy Robinson
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK

Integrasi pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan ke jaringan listrik yang sudah ada dapat menyebabkan kenaikan arus gangguan, mengakibatkan peralatan proteksi yang ada tidak mampu untuk menangulanginya. Hal ini tentunya dapat menyebabkan kerusakan peralatan-peralatan listrik yang dilewati arus gangguan tersebut dan dapat mengakibatkan kegagalan dalam sistem penyaluran daya listrik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan studi penggunaan peralatan superconducting fault current limiter/SFCL untuk membatasi arus gangguan yang timbul pada jaringan tenaga listrik. Dengan cara memanfaatkan impedansi yang dimiliki oleh SFCL untuk menggerakan mechanical switch (fast switch) sehingga arus gangguan akan melewati current limiting reactor yang terhubung paralel dengan superconductor yang dapat bekerja kurang dari setengah siklus setelah terjadinya ganggun. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan beberapa skenario yaitu: 1. sistem tanpa integrasi pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan; 2. sistem dengan integrasi pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan; 3. sistem dengan integrasi pembangkit listrik energi baru terbarukan dan superconducting fault current limiter. Hasil pengujian skenario 3 menunjukan adanya penurunan arus gangguan yang semula sebesar I = 1,007 kA menjadi I = 0,278 kA dan nilai tegangan sistem yang semula turun sebesar Vrms = 0,856 pu naik menjadi Vrms = 0,96 pu.

ABSTRACT

The integration of new and renewable energy power plants into existing power grids can cause an increase in fault currents, rendering existing protective equipment unable to cope. This of course can result in damage to electrical equipment through which the disturbance current passes and can result in failure in the electrical power distribution system. This research will conduct a study on the use of superconducting fault current limiter equipment to limit the fault currents that appear in the power grid, by utilizing a very high impedance to drive the mechanical switch (fast switch) so that the fault current will pass through the current limiting reactor which is connected parallel to the superconductor. which can work for less than half a cycle after the disturbance. System testing is carried out with several scenarios, namely: 1. systems without integration of new renewable energy power plants, 2. systems with integration of new renewable energy power plants, 3. systems with integration of new renewable energy power plants and superconducting fault current limiter. The test results of scenario 3 showed a decrease in the fault current by the original I = 1,007 kA to I = 0.278 kA and the value of the system voltage that originally decreased by Vrms = 0.856 pu rose to Vrms = 0.96 pu
Three Modes of Valuation Practices in Art Games
Authors: Hutter Michael
Published: April 2021

Several suggestions on distinguishing between “modes” of valuation practices are found in the literature. In this contribution, valuation practices are moves in a kind of social play that generates its own kind of value. Valuation in the Arts is chosen as an empirical example. Following the model, the Arts are interpreted as a set of games with the same kind of value code, in which artists and producers create performances for engaged and curious spectators. The four kinds of players engage in valuations of objects and other players in their respective games. The broad range of observations in art games demonstrates that valuation is practiced in three modes: attribution, assessment and payment. While practices of attribution and assessment generate and stabilize art-specific value accumulation, paying practices link the attributed and assessed values to the monetary valuation in games of commercial play. The distinctions of valuation practices employed by three recent authors are set into relation to the suggested modes.
Enhancement of Bone Regeneration on Calcium-Phosphate-Coated Magnesium Mesh: Using the Rat Calvarial Model
Authors: Wu Shuang , Jang Yong-Seok , Lee Min-Ho
Published: April 2021

Metallic biodegradable magnesium (Mg) is a promising material in the biomedical field owing to its excellent biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, and biomechanical characteristics. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) were coated on the surface of pure Mg through a simple alkali-hydrothermal treatment. The surface properties of CaP coatings formed on Mg were identified through wettability, direct cell seeding, and release tests since the surface properties of biomaterials can affect the reaction of the host tissue. The effect of CaP-coated Mg mesh on guided bone regeneration in rat calvaria with the critical-size defect was also evaluated in vivo using several comprehensive analyses in comparison with untreated Mg mesh. Following the application of protective CaP coating, the surface energy of Mg improved with higher hydrophilicity and cell affinity. At the same time, the CaP coating endowed Mg with higher Ca affinity and lower degradation. The Mg mesh with CaP coating had higher osteointegration and bone affinity than pristine Mg mesh.
Win, Lose, or Tie: Mathematical Modeling of Ligand Competition at the Cell–Extracellular Matrix Interface
Authors: Karagöz Zeynep , Geuens Thomas , LaPointe Vanessa L. S. , van Griensven Martijn , Carlier Aurélie
Published: April 2021

Integrin transmembrane proteins conduct mechanotransduction at the cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interface. This process is central to cellular homeostasis and therefore is particularly important when designing instructive biomaterials and organoid culture systems. Previous studies suggest that fine-tuning the ECM composition and mechanical properties can improve organoid development. Toward the bigger goal of fully functional organoid development, we hypothesize that resolving the dynamics of ECM–integrin interactions will be highly instructive. To this end, we developed a mathematical model that enabled us to simulate three main interactions, namely integrin activation, ligand binding, and integrin clustering. Different from previously published computational models, we account for the binding of more than one type of ligand to the integrin. This competition between ligands defines the fate of the system. We have demonstrated that an increase in the initial concentration of ligands does not ensure an increase in the steady state concentration of ligand-bound integrins. The ligand with higher binding rate occupies more integrins at the steady state than does the competing ligand. With cell type specific, quantitative input on integrin-ligand binding rates, this model can be used to develop instructive cell culture systems.
Antibacterial Evaluation of Lithium-Loaded Nanofibrous Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Membranes Fabricated via an Electrospinning Strategy
Authors: Liang Chaoan , Jiang Qiming , Yu Yi , Xu Tao , Sun Hanyu , Deng Feilong , Yu Xiaolin
Published: April 2021

Lithium (Li) reportedly has anti-bacterial properties. Thus, it is an ideal option to modify barrier membranes used for guided bone regeneration to inhibit the bacterial adhesion. The aims of this study were to fabricate and characterize nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes containing Li, and investigate their antibacterial effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. Li (5%Li, 10%Li, and 15%Li)-loaded nanofibrous PLLA membranes were fabricated using an electrospinning technique, and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, a contact angle measuring device, and a universal testing machine. Sustained release of Li ions was measured over a 14-day period and biocompatibility of the Li-PLLA membranes was investigated. Evaluation of bacterial adhesion and antibacterial activity were conducted by bacterial colony counting, LIVE/DEAD staining and inhibition zone method using P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans. Of the three Li-loaded membranes assessed, the 10%Li-PLLA membrane had the best mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Adhesion of both P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans on Li-PLLA membranes was significantly lower than adhesion on pure PLLA membranes, particularly with regard to the 10%Li and 15%Li membranes. Significant antibacterial activity of Li-PLLA were also observed against according to the inhibition zone test. Given their better mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity, PLLAs with 10%Li are a better choice for future clinical utilization. The pronounced antibacterial effects of Li-loaded PLLA membranes sets the stage for further application in guided bone regeneration.
Vaccaria segetalis: A Review of Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Findings
Authors: Tian Meng , Huang Yuwen , Wang Xin , Cao Maosheng , Zhao Zijiao , Chen Tong , Yuan Chenfeng , Wang Nan , Zhang Boqi , Li Chunjin , Zhou Xu
Published: April 2021

Vaccaria segetalis is a dry mature seed of Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, which belongs to the genus V. segetalis (Neck.) Garcke. There are multiple medicinal parts of V. segetalis, according to the records, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds, which should be used together. Currently, V. segetalis is most frequently used in the treatment of menstruation, dysmenorrhea, breast milk stoppages, and chylorrhea. Numerous studies present historical evidence of the use of V. segetalis to treat several diseases and describe its beneficial effects including prolactin- (PRL-) like, estrogen-like, antitumor, antiangiogenesis, and antioxidant activity. We summarized the period from January 1980 to December 2019 regarding V. segetalis. This review paper indicates that V. segetalis has promising clinical applications. The main active ingredients of the plant have been elucidated in recent years. We summarized the previously and newly discovered pharmacological effects of V. segetalis in addition to its active ingredients, ethnopharmacological uses, and toxicological properties, and provided a focus for future research.
Biliary Microbiota in Choledocholithiasis and Correlation With Duodenal Microbiota
Authors: Han Jinyan , Wu Shuodong , Fan Ying , Tian Yu , Kong Jing
Published: April 2021

Background

The pathogenesis of choledocholithiasis is closely related to the role of bacteria. However, little is known about the predictive role of bile bacteria in clinical conditions of patients and the compositional and functional characteristics of biliary microbiota in choledocholithiasis.

Methods

To investigate the predictive value of biliary bacteria, clinical data of 488 patients with choledocholithiasis were collected. The predictive value of common bile bacteria to patients’ clinical conditions was analyzed by logistic regression. Samples of bile and corresponding duodenal juice from 10 selected patients with choledocholithiasis were obtained, and the composition and function of microbial communities were analyzed based on 16S rRNA sequencing and Tax4Fun.

Results

The clinical conditions of patients with choledocholithiasis, such as recurrence, the severity of acute cholangitis, and duration of hospital stay were closely related to different species of bile bacteria as well as antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Employing 16S rRNA sequencing, the dominant phyla of biliary and duodenal microbiota were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The top three core microbiota at the genus level were Escherichia–Shigella, Fusobacterium, and Enterococcus. Escherichia coli accounted for the most abundant annotated species in both. Differences in composition between biliary and duodenal microbiota were not significant according to the alpha and beta diversities. Differential abundant features were not found in biliary microbiota indicated by A linear discriminant analysis effective size algorithm. The major pathways identified in biliary and duodenal microbiota were related to membrane transport, translation, replication and repair, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. However, no significant difference in those major pathways, as well as antimicrobial-resistance patterns, was observed between biliary and duodenal microbiota.

Conclusion

Our study first demonstrates the predictive contribution of biliary bacteria to the clinical conditions of patients with choledocholithiasis, and then it offers new insights into the compositional and functional features of biliary and duodenal microbiota. Similarities between biliary and duodenal microbiota support the theory of bacterial duodenal–biliary reflux in patients with choledocholithiasis. Meanwhile, when it is impracticable to obtain a bile sample, duodenal juice may be used as an alternative for bacterial culture and susceptibility tests.
Co-Occurrence of NDM-5 and RmtB in a Clinical Isolate of Escherichia coli Belonging to CC354 in Latin America
Authors: Costa Agustina , Figueroa-Espinosa Roque , Gaudenzi Florencia , Lincopan Nilton , Fuga Bruna , Ghiglione Barbara , Gutkind Gabriel , Di Conza José
Published: April 2021

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing isolates are usually resistant to most β-lactams and other antibiotics as a result of the coexistence of several resistance markers, and they cause a variety of infections associated to high mortality rates. Although NDM-1 is the most prevalent one, other variants are increasing their frequency worldwide. In this study we describe the first clinical isolate of NDM-5- and RmtB-producing Escherichia coli in Latin America. E. coli (Ec265) was recovered from a urine sample of a female outpatient. Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of resistance markers and conjugation assays were performed. Genetic analysis of Ec265 was achieved by whole genome sequencing. Ec265 belonging to ST9693 (CC354), displayed resistance to most β-lactams (including carbapenems), aminoglycosides (gentamicin and amikacin), and quinolones. Several resistance genes were found, including blaNDM-5 and rmtB, located on a conjugative plasmid. blaNDM-5 genetic context is similar to others found around the world. Co-transfer of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes represents a particular challenge for treatment in clinical settings, whereas the spread of pathogens resistant to last resort antibiotics should raise an alarm in the healthcare system worldwide.
You Can’t Fix What Is Not Broken: Contextualizing the Imbalance of Perceptions About Heritage Language Bilingualism
Authors: Bayram Fatih , Kubota Maki , Luque Alicia , Pascual y Cabo Diego , Rothman Jason
Published: April 2021

In this article, we discuss the perceptions of researchers who work on heritage language bilingualism (HLB), educators who teach heritage speakers (HSs), and, crucially, HSs themselves regarding the nature of bilingualism in general as well as HLB specifically. Despite the fact that all groups are invested in HLB and that researchers and educators tend to have a similar basic understanding of HLB development and share common goals regarding heritage language (HL) teaching and learning, there are non-trivial differences and disconnects between them. In our view, beyond the various aspects of the societal milieu that significantly contribute to this state of affairs, we maintain that these differences also reflect unfortunate miscommunication regarding how the object and outcomes of HLB research is packaged, contextualized and communicated to HSs and teachers who have direct influence over their education. Considering this, the main goal and contribution of the present work is to provide a forum in which the many voices involved in HL research/teaching/learning are acknowledged and the knock-on effects of such acknowledgement are meaningfully considered.
Assessing the Extinction Probability of the Purple-winged Ground Dove, an Enigmatic Bamboo Specialist
Authors: Lees Alexander C. , Devenish Christian , Areta Juan Ignacio , de Araújo Carlos Barros , Keller Carlos , Phalan Ben , Silveira Luís Fábio
Published: April 2021

The continued loss, fragmentation, and degradation of forest habitats are driving an extinction crisis for tropical and subtropical bird species. This loss is particularly acute in the Atlantic Forest of South America, where it is unclear whether several endemic bird species are extinct or extant. We collate and model spatiotemporal distributional data for one such “lost” species, the Purple-winged Ground DoveParaclaravis geoffroyi, a Critically Endangered endemic of the Atlantic Forest biome, which is nomadic and apparently dependent on masting bamboo stands. We compared its patterns of occurrence with that of a rare “control” forest pigeon, the Violaceous Quail-DoveGeotrygon violacea, which occurs in regional sympatry. We also solicit information from aviculturists who formerly kept the species. We find that the two species share a similar historical recording rate but can find no documentary evidence (i.e., specimens, photos, video, sound recordings) for the persistence of Purple-winged Ground Dove in the wild after the 1980s, despite periodic sighting records, and after which time citizen scientists frequently documented the control species in the wild. Assessments of the probability that the species is extant are sensitive to the method of analysis, and whether records lacking documentary evidence are considered credible. Analysis of the temporal sequence of past records reveals the extent of the historical range contraction of the Purple-winged Ground Dove, while our species distribution model highlights the geographic search priorities for field ornithologists hoping to rediscover the species—aided by the first recording of the species vocalizations which we obtained from interviews with aviculturists. Our interviews also revealed that the species persisted in captivity from the 1970s until the 1990s (up to 150 birds), until a law was passed obstructing captive breeding efforts by private individuals, putting an end to perhaps the best chance we had to save the species from extinction.
Limestone Quarry Waste Promotes the Growth of Two Native Woody Angiosperms
Authors: Hayyat Muhammad Umar , Siddiq Zafar , Mahmood Rashid , Khan Amin U. , Cao Kun-Fang
Published: April 2021

Limestone quarrying is an active mining practices generating bulk of solid remains and altering the habitat by the removal of plants; however, the utilization of such waste for the growth of plants has not been investigated much. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of limestone quarry waste on the growth of two native plants by analyzing its physicochemical properties and utility for plantation purposes, while determining whether mitigation measures would be required for the habitat restoration of quarry site. Two species,Acacia modestaandAdhatoda vasicawere selected from the quarry site habitat. These plants were grown in different proportions of quarry waste, and garden soil was used as a control. Growth was assessed by recording plant height, number of branches per plant, root and shoot length, and total biomass. We also analyzed the N, P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg contents of the root and shoot tissues of both species. We found a significant increase in plant height (1.24- and 1.19-fold greater than controls forA. modestaandA. vasica, respectively). Differences in the number branches, root, shoot length, and biomass were also found. A significant and positive relationship was found between the mineral content in roots and the total plant biomass across both species. We conclude that (1) the mining solid waste contained the necessary minerals for the studied plant species and no amelioration would be required for restoration of such sites with the selected indigenous plants; and (2) the quarry waste promoted the growth of the two selected species. The results of the present study can be used to plan habitat restoration in limestone mining areas that have lost plant cover.
The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Disease Pattern of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Inpatients: A Comparative Study
Authors: Pu Jingya Jane , McGrath Colman Patrick , Leung Yiu Yan , Choi Wing Shan , Yang Wei-fa , Li Kar Yan , Su Yu-xiong
Published: April 2021

Objective: Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is a high-risk specialty involving airway and aerosol-generating procedures, which is potentially of more risk in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to identify the impact of COVID-19 on the disease pattern of OMFS inpatients and surgeries under general anesthesia in a comparative study.

Materials and Methods: We reviewed the admission and operating theater records of OMFS patients from Jan 1 to Aug 31 in 2020 and 2019. The total number of cases, presenting disease patterns, and proportion of essential and non-essential medical services were compared between 2020 and 2019.

Results: There were 664 admissions and 356 general anesthesia surgical procedures included in this study. Both admission and surgery numbers were significantly reduced in 2020, compared with 2019 (p = 0.012 and 0.007, respectively). The proportion of malignancy cases increased significantly, whereas that of cleft lip and palate and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) decreased. There was a significant increase in the proportion of essential services compared with non-essential services in 2020 compared with 2019.

Conclusion: Our results first reported the epidemiological data of the impact of COVID-19 on OMFS disease pattern in a comparative study. The change of disease pattern and caseload will have a long-term impact on OMFS patient care, education, and training during the pandemic. Our paper provides evidence for health policy makers to consider the relocation of medical resources and optimization of medical education and services.
Automated Midline Estimation for Symmetry Analysis of Cerebral Hemispheres in FLAIR MRI
Authors: Gibicar Adam , Moody Alan R. , Khademi April
Published: April 2021

To perform brain asymmetry studies in large neuroimaging archives, reliable and automatic detection of the interhemispheric fissure (IF) is needed to first extract the cerebral hemispheres. The detection of the IF is often referred to as mid-sagittal plane estimation, as this plane separates the two cerebral hemispheres. However, traditional planar estimation techniques fail when the IF presents a curvature caused by existing pathology or a natural phenomenon known as brain torque. As a result, midline estimates can be inaccurate. In this study, a fully unsupervised midline estimation technique is proposed that is comprised of three main stages: head angle correction, control point estimation and midline generation. The control points are estimated using a combination of intensity, texture, gradient, and symmetry-based features. As shown, the proposed method automatically adapts to IF curvature, is applied on a slice-to-slice basis for more accurate results and also provides accurate delineation of the midline in the septum pellucidum, which is a source of failure for traditional approaches. The method is compared to two state-of-the-art methods for midline estimation and is validated using 75 imaging volumes (~3,000 imaging slices) acquired from 38 centers of subjects with dementia and vascular disease. The proposed method yields the lowest average error across all metrics: Hausdorff distance (HD) was 0.32 ± 0.23, mean absolute difference (MAD) was 1.10 ± 0.38 mm and volume difference was 7.52 ± 5.40 and 5.35 ± 3.97 ml, for left and right hemispheres, respectively. Using the proposed method, the midline was extracted for 5,360 volumes (~275K images) from 83 centers worldwide, acquired by GE, Siemens and Philips scanners. An asymmetry index was proposed that automatically detected outlier segmentations (which were <1% of the total dataset). Using the extracted hemispheres, hemispheric asymmetry texture biomarkers of the normal-appearing brain matter (NABM) were analyzed in a dementia cohort, and significant differences in biomarker means were found across SCI and MCI and SCI and AD.
Widespread Doublecortin Expression in the Cerebral Cortex of the Octodon degus
Authors: van Groen Thomas , Kadish Inga , Popović Natalija , Caballero Bleda María , Baño-Otalora Beatriz , Rol María Angeles , Madrid Juan Antonio , Popović Miroljub
Published: April 2021

It has been demonstrated that in adulthood rodents show newly born neurons in the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus (DG), and in the subventricular zone (SVZ). The neurons generated in the SVZ migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb. One of the markers of newly generated neurons is doublecortin (DCX). The degu similarly shows significant numbers of DCX-labeled neurons in the SGL, SVZ, and RMS. Further, most of the nuclei of these DCX-expressing neurons are also labeled by proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67. Finally, whereas in rats and mice DCX-labeled neurons are predominantly present in the SGL and SVZ, with only a few DCX neurons present in piriform cortex, the degu also shows significant numbers of DCX expressing neurons in areas outside of SVZ, DG, and PC. Many areas of neocortex in degu demonstrate DCX-labeled neurons in layer II, and most of these neurons are found in the limbic cortices. The DCX-labeled cells do not stain with NeuN, indicating they are immature neurons.
Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble Destruction Inhibits Skin Melanoma Growth by Affecting YAP1 Translation Using Ribosome Imprinting Sequencing
Authors: Wei Tianhong , Li Lan , He Zhiyou
Published: April 2021

Cutaneous melanoma (CMM) is a skin tumor with a high degree of malignancy. BRAF resistance imposes great difficulty to the treatment of CMM, and partially contributes to the poor prognosis of CMM. YAP is involved in the growth and drug resistance of a variety of tumors, and mechanical signals may affect the activation of YAP1. As a novel ultrasound treatment technology, ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction (UMMD) has been reported to have a killing effect on isolated CMM cells. In this study, the tumor tissue samples were collected from 64 CMM patients. We found that YAP1 mRNA expression was irrelevant to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic survival of the CMM patients. The drug-resistant cell line was constructed and subcutaneously implanted into nude mice, which were further separately treated with UMMD, ultrasound (US), and microbubbles (MB). The result showed that UMMD significantly inhibited the growth of tumor tissues. Ribosome imprinting sequencing (Ribo-seq) is a genetic technology for studying protein translation at genetic level. Ribo-seq, RNA-seq, and RT-qPCR were applied to detect YAP1 expression in CMM mouse tumor tissues. Ribo-seq data revealed that UMMD greatly up-regulated the expression of YAP1, interestingly, the up-regulated YAP1 was found to be negatively correlated with the weight of tumor tissues, while no significant change in YAP1 expression was detected by RNA-seq or RT-qPCR assay. These results indicated that UMMD could inhibit the tumor growth of drug-resistant CMM by affecting the translation efficiency of YAP1, providing a strong basis for the clinical treatment of UMMD in CMM.
NCCBM, a Nomogram Prognostic Model in Breast Cancer Patients With Brain Metastasis
Authors: Liu Qiang , Kong Xiangyi , Wang Zhongzhao , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Wenxiang , Ai Bolun , Gao Ran , Fang Yi , Wang Jing
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Nomogram prognostic models could greatly facilitate risk stratification and treatment strategies for cancer patients. We developed and validated a new nomogram prognostic model, named NCCBM, for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis (BCBM) using a large BCBM cohort from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database.

Patients and Methods: Clinical data for 975 patients diagnosed from 2011 to 2014 were used to develop the nomogram prognostic model. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. The results were validated using an independent cohort of 542 BCBM patients diagnosed from 2014 to 2015.

Results: The following variables were selected in the final prognostic model: age, race, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, laterality, grade, molecular subtype, and extracranial metastatic sites. The C-index for the model described here was 0.69 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.71). The calibration curve for probability of survival showed good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation. The model was validated in an independent validation cohort with a C-index of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.73).

Conclusion: We developed and validated a nomogram prognostic model for BCBM patients, and the proposed nomogram resulted in good performance.