bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selbstassemblierung von Amorphen 2D‐Polymer‐Nanoscheiben mit Einstellbarer Größe, pH‐Abhängigem Abbau und Kontrollierter Wirkstofffreisetzung
Authors: Zeng Haoxiang , Zeng Ping , Baek Jinsu , Kim Byeong‐Su , Müllner Markus
Published: January 2025

Amphiphile Flaschenbürsten‐Blockcopolymere (BBCs) mit kaulquappenähnlicher Knäuel‐ Stäbchen ‐Architektur können zur direkten Selbstassemblierung zu funktionellen Polymer‐Nanoscheiben in Wasser verwendet werden. Die hydrophoben Segmente der BBCs wurden durch das Verhältnis von Ethoxy‐ethylglycidylether (EE) zu Tetrahydropyranylglycidylether (TP) innerhalb der gepfropften Polymerseitenketten eingestellt. Diese Variation steuerte wiederum die Größen, pH‐Empfindlichkeit und Wirkstoffbeladungskapazität der selbstorganisierten Nanoscheiben. Bemerkenswert ist, dass EE eine schnellere Hydrolyse als TP aufwies, wodurch die Nanoscheiben variable Abbauraten unter mild sauren Bedingungen zeigten, was die Freisetzung kleiner Moleküle und den zeitabhängigen und vollständigen Abbau der Scheiben zu vollständig wasserlöslichen Copolymeren unterstützte. Die Nanoscheiben zeigten Biokompatibilität und zelluläre Aufnahme durch Brustkrebszellen, was ihr Potenzial zur Entwicklung von Wirkstofffreisetzungssystemen unterstreicht.
Anion Transport by Bambusuril‐Bile Acid Conjugates: Drastic Effect of the Cholesterol Content
Authors: Torrisi Jacopo , Chvojka Matúš , Jurček Pia , Zhang Xinxin , Zeng Huaqiang , Šindelář Vladimír , Valkenier Hennie
Published: January 2025

Artificial anion transporters offer a potential way to treat deficiencies in cellular anion transport of genetic origins. In contrast to the large variety of mobile anion carriers and self‐assembled anion channels reported, unimolecular anion channels are less investigated. Herein, we present a unique example of a unimolecular anion channel based on a bambusuril (BU) macrocycle, a well‐established anion receptor. The BU structure was expanded by appending various bile acid residues allowing a single molecule to span the membrane. Chloride transport mediated by BUs through lipid bilayers was investigated in liposomes and these studies revealed a surprisingly high dependence of the anion transport activity on the cholesterol content in the liposomal membrane.
Enzymatic Cascades for Stereoselective and Regioselective Amide Bond Assembly
Authors: Torri Daniele , Bering Luis , Yates Luke R. L. , Angiolini Stuart M. , Xu Guangcai , Cuesta‐Hoyos Sebastian , Shepherd Sarah A. , Micklefield Jason
Published: January 2025

Amide bond formation is fundamental in nature and is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other valuable products. Current methods for amide synthesis are often step and atom inefficient, requiring the use of protecting groups, deleterious reagents and organic solvents that create significant waste. The development of cleaner and more efficient catalytic methods for amide synthesis remains an urgent unmet need. Herein, we present novel biocatalytic cascade reactions for synthesising various amides under mild aqueous conditions from readily available organic nitriles combining nitrile hydrolysing enzymes and amide bond synthetase enzymes. These cooperative biocatalytic cascades enable kinetic resolution of racemic nitriles and provide a highly enantioselective biocatalytic extension of the Strecker reaction. The regioselective non‐directed C−H bond amidation of simple arenes was demonstrated through the incorporation of photoredox catalysis to the front end of the cascade. C−H bond amidation of simple aromatic precursors was also achieved via a CO2 fixation cascade combining enzymatic carboxylation and amide bond synthesis in one‐pot.
A Malleable Collagen‐Mimic that Undergoes Moisture‐Induced Hardening for Gluing Hydrophilic Surfaces
Authors: Rai Rishika , Xavier Divina , Pathak Sourav , Fernandez Francis B. , Komath Manoj , Sureshan Kana M.
Published: January 2025

A collagen‐inspired helical protein‐mimic has been synthesized via topochemical polymerization of a designed tripeptide monomer. In the monomer crystal, molecules arrange in a head‐to‐tail manner, forming supramolecular helices. The azide and alkyne of adjacent molecules in the supramolecular helix are proximally preorganized in a ready‐to‐react arrangement. On heating, the monomer crystals undergo regiospecific single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal azide‐alkyne cycloaddition polymerization, yielding triazolyl‐ polypeptide. Polymerization softens the crystals, making the polymer malleable and mouldable. The polymer grains absorb moisture and form agglomerates through water‐bridged adhesion, which hardens over time. The weight‐bearing capacity of a mould made from this polymer increased by 50‐fold due to moisture‐induced hardening. We have demonstrated that this collagen‐mimic can glue both biological specimens such as wood and bone and synthetic materials such as glass and paper. In vitro studies established the biocompatibility, making it an attractive bioinspired material for potential application as a bioadhesive.
Self‐Assembly of Amorphous 2D Polymer Nanodiscs with Tuneable Size, pH‐Responsive Degradation and Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Zeng Haoxiang , Zeng Ping , Baek Jinsu , Kim Byeong‐Su , Müllner Markus
Published: January 2025

Amphiphilic bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCs) with tadpole‐like, coil‐rod architecture can be used to self‐assemble into functional polymer nanodiscs directly in water. The hydrophobic segments of the BBC were tuned via the ratio of ethoxy‐ethyl glycidyl ether (EE) to tetrahydropyranyl glycidyl ether (TP) within the grafted polymer sidechains. In turn, this variation controlled the sizes, pH‐responsiveness, and drug loading capacity of the self‐assembled nanodiscs. Notably, as EE exhibited faster hydrolysis than TP, the nanodiscs featured variable degradation rates under mild acidic conditions, aiding small molecule release and time‐dependent and complete degradation of discs into fully water‐soluble copolymers. The nanodiscs demonstrated biocompatibility and cellular uptake by breast cancer cells, underscoring their potential development into drug delivery systems.
Advances in Lanthanum Ferrite‐Based Sensors: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Yadav Avadhesh Kumar , Singh Prabhakar , Pandey Raghvendra
Published: January 2025

Lanthanum ferrite has emerged as a promising material for the development of advanced sensor technologies due to its unique electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. This comprehensive review explores the recent advancements in lanthanum ferrite‐based sensors, highlighted their potential applications in various fields, including gas sensing, humidity sensing, biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. The review delves into the underlying principles of lanthanum ferrite sensors, their fabrication techniques, and the strategies employed to enhance their sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. Particular emphasis is placed on the integration of lanthanum ferrite with complementary materials and the utilization of advanced characterization techniques to unlock the full potential of these sensor systems. Current challenges and future research directions in this rapidly evolving field are also discussed, aiming to provide a roadmap for further developments and widespread adoption of lanthanum ferrite‐based sensors.
Molecular Structure, Docking, Spectroscopic Characterization, Antibacterial, and Anticancer Activity of Copper(I, II), Silver(I), and Cadmium(II) Complexes
Authors: Hassan Safaa S. , Aly Samar A. , Ismail Rabab A. , Aboelyazed Ahmed M. , Youssef Mona H. , Abdalla Ehab M.
Published: January 2025

Seven new complexes of [Cu(H2L)2]I.2H2O (C1), [Cu(H2L)(HL)]ClO4.2H2O (C2), Ag(H2L)NO3 (C3), Ag2(H2L)(OAc)2 (C4), Cd (HL)(OH) (C5), Cd (HL)NO3 (C6), and Cd (HL)Cl (C7) of [N‐phenyl‐2‐(phenylglycyl)hydrazine‐1‐carbothioamide](H2L) have been synthesized and characterized by various techniques. All metal complexes are mononuclear in nature, except complex [Ag2(H2L)(OAc)2] (C4), which is binuclear. The complexes (C5–C7) adopt tetrahedral, square planar geometry in the copper complex (C1–C3). The DFT calculation is performed and supports the expected structures. Stability study of C3 and C7 in alkaline, acidic, and neutral pH through more than 24 h is investigated. The ligand and its metal compounds were examined for their effectiveness against three different types of bacterial strains: Gram negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus polymyxa). The findings demonstrated that the metal complexes, in comparison to the ligand, exhibited more effective antibacterial and anticancer properties against three distinct human cancer cell lines: liver, breast, and colon. Cu(I) complex (C1) exhibited the greatest anticancer effect with the lowest IC50 value among the three investigated cell lines. The theoretical molecular docking studies revealed the active amino acids that interact with the synthesized compounds.
Plasma Assisted Surface Decoration of PLA Nonwoven Materials With Selenium Nanoparticles for Improvement of Antibacterial and Biocompatible Properties
Authors: Luan Rui , Zhao Ziyao , Yuan Yuan , Wang Chunxia , Li Mei‐Xian , Ren Yu
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to enhance the antibacterial and biocompatible properties of PLA nonwoven materials by plasma‐assisted surface decoration with selenium nanoparticles. PLA nonwoven materials were pretreated by plasma surface modification technology for varying durations. Subsequently, Se nanoparticles obtained from the redox reaction of sodium selenite were loaded onto the PLA surfaces through impregnation. SEM images demonstrated that plasma pretreatment enhances the uniformity of Se nanoparticles as well as the contents loaded onto the PLA nonwoven materials. Based on EDS analysis, the relative concentration of Se elements increased with longer plasma pretreatment durations, reaching 6.38% after 6 min of treatment. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of elemental selenium nanoparticles. Furthermore, the results of surface wettability showed that the surface of Se/PLA composites changed from hydrophobic to super hydrophilic after the plasma and Se combined treatment. Moreover, bacterial inhibition of the Se/PLA composites substantially improved with increasing plasma pretreatment time. The Se/PLA composites with 6 min of plasma pretreatment showed the best antibacterial performance and biocompatibility, with inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reaching 95.75% and 75.54%, respectively, and cell viability was over 99% for L929 cells. These functionalized Se/PLA composites exhibit tremendous potential for applications in novel antibacterial materials.
Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing of Composite Laminates: Printability and Characterizations
Authors: Haile Frank , Igwe Arize C. , Wambua Job , Mwema Fredrick , Akinlabi Stephen A. , Akinlabi Esther T.
Published: January 2025

This study characterizes composite laminates produced via Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEAM) using combinations of polylactic acid (PLA), recycled PLA (rPLA), and ultrafuse 316 L stainless steel. A thorough analysis of the effect of layer frequency on the material behavior of the PLA/rPLA, PLA/316 L stainless steel, and rPLA/316 L stainless steel composites was conducted. Owing to the disparity in deposition temperatures, PLA and rPLA layers exhibited poor adhesion to 316 L stainless steel layers, likely exacerbated by warping during printing. Excess material deposition at layer pauses caused bobbles at the corners of material interfaces, which in certain samples led to the formation of ridges. Additionally, layer sliding was observed, attributed to weak adhesion both to the print bed and at some layer interfaces. The rPLA layers demonstrated superior load‐bearing capacity, while composite laminate block samples with higher interlayer frequencies exhibited enhanced resistance to compressive forces. This study provides insights into the challenges and mechanical performance of multi‐material composite laminates, highlighting areas for process optimization and material improvement.
Special Collection: XIX Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis (BMOS)
Authors: Schneider Paulo H. , Lüdtke Diogo S. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N.
Published: January 2025

In this guest editorial, Paulo H. Schneider, Diogo S. Lüdtke, and Eufrânio N. da Silva Júnior introduce the joint special collection of Chemistry – An Asian Journal, Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry, and The Chemical Record, dedicated to the 19th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis (19th BMOS).
Classification of urban underlying surfaces in Beijing and its impact on summer high temperature and heat wave event
Authors: Zheng Zuofang , Xu Guirong , Li Nana , Gao Hua
Published: January 2025

With analysis of local climate zone (LCZ) classification, approximately 52.0% of underlying surfaces in Beijing are covered by buildings with LCZ 5 (open midrise) accounting for the highest proportion, and LCZ D (low plants) is the most distributed among natural surface types. Compared to natural underlying surfaces, building underlying surfaces have higher values in the high temperature (HT) and heat wave (HW) days, HW intensity, and maximum HW duration. In recent decades, HT days on building underlying surfaces in Beijing start earlier and end later than those on natural underlying surfaces. Building underlying surfaces make greater contribution to urban heat island intensity of apparent temperature than to that of temperature, yet it is opposite for natural underlying surfaces.
Climate change attribution of Typhoon Haiyan with the Imperial College Storm Model
Authors: Sparks Nathan , Toumi Ralf
Published: January 2025

It is difficult to model changes in the likelihood of tropical cyclones under climate change to date. We do this, for the first time, by a applying a stochastic tropical cyclone event set generated by the Imperial College Storm Model to attribute the contribution of climate change to the case of Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Compared to a pre‐industrial baseline, we estimate that a typhoon with a landfall maximum wind speed like Haiyan was larger by +3.5 m/s. This is in good agreement with previous full physics numerical model estimates. A Haiyan type of event has a current return period of 850 years, and the fractional attributable risk due to climate change is 98%. Without climate change, this event was very unlikely. The type of information available from the IRIS model could inform subsidizing of catastrophe bond yield in the context of the loss and damage fund.
Enhancing electrochemical xanthine detection: A two‐step incubation strategy to minimize interference from ascorbic acid
Authors: Yoo Taeyeon , Park Seonhwa , Lee Hyoeun , Park Subin , Kim Youngsuk , Yang Haesik
Published: January 2025

Enzyme‐based biosensors with mediated electrochemical detection offer a straightforward and cost‐effective approach for detecting xanthine. However, electro‐active interfering species such as ascorbic acid (AA) complicate the achievement of sensitive and selective detection in biological fluids. Direct and mediated oxidation of AA elevates electrochemical background levels. While ascorbate oxidase (AOx) is employed to oxidize AA into an electro‐inactive product, incomplete removal of AA allows it to reduce the electron mediator, resulting in still considerable background levels. Additionally, excess AOx can oxidize the signaling species, the reduced form of the electron mediator, albeit slowly, leading to decreased signal levels. To address these challenges, a two‐step incubation process and the use of appropriate AOx concentration are implemented. Once AA is fully oxidized by AOx, an electron mediator is added to the solution. To enhance the electrochemical signal‐to‐background ratio, an optimal pairing of a xanthine‐oxidizing enzyme and an electron mediator is selected from two xanthine‐oxidizing enzymes [xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and xanthine oxidase] and three electron mediators [Os(bpy)2Cl2+, Ru(NH3)63+, and Fe(CN)63−]. The combination of XDH and Os(bpy)2Cl2+ provides high signal and low background levels. When these conditions are applied to xanthine detection in artificial serum, a detection limit of approximately 500 nM is achieved, making it applicable in various clinical and research fields.
Best Evidence Summary for the Improvement and Management of Disorders of Consciousness in Patients With Severe Brain Injury
Authors: Lin Miaoyuan , Lu Qiongna , Yu Sheng , Lin Wenjuan
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

The treatment effect of consciousness after brain injury is currently uncertain. Thus, this study aimed to retrieve the evidence from neurologists around the world on the management of consciousness disorders in patients with severe brain injury and evaluate and summarize the evidence, providing the guidance on the related management for clinicians.

Methods

Following the evidence summary report standard of Fudan University Center for Evidence‐Based Nursing, clinical guidelines, expert consensuses, systematic reviews, and evidence summaries were systematically retrieved from UpToDate; BMJ Best Practice; Guidelines International Network; the Cochrane Library; Embase; PubMed; Sinomed; Web of Science; CNKI; WanFang database; American Academy of Neurology (AAN); American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM); European Academy of Neurology; and National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR). The publishing timeline for articles was limited from January 2017 to January 2024.

Results

Fourteen articles were finally identified. The 26 best pieces of evidence were recommended by inducting and integrating the evidence from these articles, covering the following seven aspects: consciousness assessment, multidisciplinary team, intervention in facilitating arousal, sensory stimulation programs, drug administration, rehabilitation program, and prevention of complications.

Conclusion

This study summarized the evidence of consciousness management in patients with brain injury, providing guidance for clinicians to develop and apply those interventions to improve the patient's clinical outcomes and quality of life. In addition, relevant factors such as the clinical environment and cooperation with the patient's family members should be evaluated and adjusted before applying such evidence. Future studies should focus on more targeted randomized clinical trials.
Domain‐Specific Prediction of Clinical Progression in Parkinson's Disease Using the Mosaic Approach
Authors: Tahedl Marlene , Bogdahn Ulrich , Wimmer Bernadette , Hedderich Dennis M. , Kirschke Jan S. , Zimmer Claus , Wiestler Benedikt
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Due to the highly individualized clinical manifestation of Parkinson's disease (PD), personalized patient care may require domain‐specific assessment of neurological disability. Evidence from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies has proposed that heterogenous clinical manifestation corresponds to heterogeneous cortical disease burden, suggesting customized, high‐resolution assessment of cortical pathology as a candidate biomarker for domain‐specific assessment.

Method: Herein, we investigate the potential of the recently proposed Mosaic Approach (MAP), a normative framework for quantifying individual cortical disease burden with respect to a population‐representative cohort, in predicting domain‐specific clinical progression. Using MRI and clinical data from 135 recently diagnosed PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, we first defined an extremity‐specific motor score. We then identified cortical regions corresponding to “extremity functions” and restricted MAP, respectively, and contrasted the explanatory power of the extremity‐specific MAP to unrestricted MAP. As control conditions, domain‐related but less specific general motor function and nondomain‐specific cognitive scores were considered. We also tested the predictive power of the restricted MAP in predicting disease progression over 1 and 3 years using support vector machines. The restricted, extremity‐specific MAP yielded higher explanatory power for extremity‐specific motor function at baseline as opposed to the unrestricted, whole‐brain MAP. On the contrary, for general motor function, the unrestricted, whole‐brain MAP yielded higher power.

Finding: No associations were found for cognitive function. The extremity‐specific MAP predicted extremity‐specific motor progression over 1 and 3 years above chance level. The MAP framework allows for domain‐specific prediction of customized PD disease progression, which can inform machine learning, thereby contributing to personalized PD patient care.
Insights Into the Role of Bmi‐1 Deregulation in Promoting Stemness and Therapy Resistance in Glioblastoma: A Narrative Review
Authors: Shaalan Fatima , Ballout Nissrine , Chamoun Wafaa Takash
Published: January 2025

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and has a median survival of less than 15 months. Advancements in the field of epigenetics have expanded our understanding of cancer biology and helped explain the molecular heterogeneity of these tumors. B‐cell‐specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site‐1 (Bmi‐1) is a member of the highly conserved polycomb group (PcG) protein family that acts as a transcriptional repressor of multiple genes, including those that determine cell proliferation and differentiation. We hereby aim to explore the specific involvement of Bmi‐1 in glioma pathogenesis.

Methods

A comprehensive narrative review was employed using “PubMed”. Articles were screened for relevance specific keywords and medical subject headings (MeSH) terms related to the topic combined with Boolean operators (AND, OR). Keywords and MeSH terms included the following: “glioma”, “polycomb repressive complex 1”, and “Bmi1”.

Results

In GBMs, several reports have shown that Bmi‐1 is overexpressed and might serve as a prognostic biomarker. We find that Bmi‐1 participates in regulating the gene expression and chromatin structure of several tumor suppressor genes or cell cycle inhibitors. Bmi‐1 has a critical role in modulating the tumor microenvironment to support the plasticity of GBM stem cells.We explore Bmi‐1's involvement in maintaining glioma stem cell (GSC) proliferation and senescence evasion upon regulating the chromatin structure of several tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle inhibitors, or stem cell genes in tumor cells. Additionally, we analyze Bmi‐1's involvement in modulating the DNA repair machinery or activating anti‐apoptotic pathways to confer therapy resistance. Importantly, our research discusses the importance of targeting Bmi‐1 that could be a promising therapeutic target for GBM treatment. Bmi‐1 activates and interacts with NF‐κB to promote angiogenesis and invasion, regulates the INK4a‐ARF locus, and interacts with various microRNAs to influence tumor progression and proliferation. In addition, Bmi‐1 confers radioresistance and chemotherapy by promoting cell senescence evasion and DNA repair.

Conclusion

Bmi‐1 regulates self‐renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of GBM cells, promoting stemness and therapy resistance. Targeting Bmi‐1 could be a promising novel therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment.
Myocardial Bridging, Unusual Cause of Myocardial Infarction; Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Daba Merga , Bineyam Dawit , Yohannes Ibraist , Yohannes Beniam , Waktola Rabirra , Bedada Eshetu
Published: January 2025

Myocardial bridging is a common coronary anomaly. Although it is considered to be a benign condition, it can rarely be complicated by myocardial infarction. Clinicians should be suspicious of myocardial bridging as an etiology of myocardial infarction when other more common etiologies have been excluded. High resolution CT angiography is the gold standard for diagnostic evaluation, with the length and depth of the bridge, and response to conservative therapies guiding clinical decision making on surgical correction.

Myocardial bridging is a congenital coronary anomaly in which the coronary arteries pass through the heart muscle rather than lying on its surface. It is typically a benign condition, and most patients are asymptomatic. However, some may experience symptoms of angina. In rare cases, patients can present with myocardial ischemia or infarction. In this report, we present the case of a 38‐year‐old female who presented with a 2‐month history of chest pain. Further evaluation with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) revealed myocardial bridging. Subsequently, she developed a myocardial infarction, a rare complication of this condition. We discuss this uncommon complication of a common anomaly.
Recurrent Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection as the Cause of Repeated Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Knudsen Arnon Møldrup , Støttrup Nicolaj Brejnholt , Hager Henrik , Mølgaard Henning , Stilling Christina
Published: January 2025

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is characterized by intramural hematoma in a coronary artery leading to partial or complete vessel obstruction. A 51‐year‐old female was hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. She was diagnosed with severe SCAD, affecting the proximal left coronary artery. A complex percutaneous coronary intervention, complicated by cardiac arrest and need for cardio pulmonary support, succeeded with stent insertion and revascularization. In the following days, the patient developed severe heart failure due to extensive cardiac reperfusion injury and subsequently experienced multiple organ failure, ultimately resulting in death. The patient had previously been acutely hospitalized twice with myocardial infarctions and both the times was also diagnosed with SCAD affecting the left coronary artery. This case highlights an unfortunate patient outcome due to recurrent SCAD and serves as an important reminder to consider SCAD differential diagnostically in younger female patients with myocardial infarction.
Leprosy—Presenting as Rheumatoid Arthritis Misleading the Correct Diagnosis
Authors: Sagar Dhakal , Kipa Shrestha , Praful Gurung , Durga Thapa
Published: January 2025

Leprosy can present with symptoms resembling rheumatoid arthritis, leading to delays in diagnosis or inappropriate treatment, potentially progressing to lepromatous forms, neuropathy, and disability. Physicians must consider leprosy as a differential for rheumatoid arthritis, especially in endemic regions. Early detection is vital to prevent chronic neuropathy, disabilities, and disfigurement.
Pantoea eucrina: Catheter‐Related Bloodstream Infection in a Woman With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Kølle Ida Saksenborg , Vinter‐Jensen Lars , Nielsen Morten Eneberg , Nielsen Hans Linde
Published: January 2025

Pantoea eucrina, a member of the Erwiniaceae family, is a rarely reported human pathogen primarily associated with plants. This study presents a documented case of catheter‐related bloodstream infection caused by P. eucrina in a 60‐year‐old female receiving home parenteral nutrition. Despite presenting with only minor clinical symptoms, blood cultures from both central and peripheral sites confirmed the presence of P. eucrina, identified by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and whole‐genome sequencing. The infection was successfully cleared following a 13‐day course of gentamicin lock therapy and intravenous piperacillin–tazobactam, after which the catheter was removed.
Digital documentation of railway tunnel inspection in Austria
Authors: Rebhan Matthias J. , Grubinger Stefan S. , Schüppel Andreas , Deutinger Simona , Schwarzenberger Gernot
Published: January 2025

Infrastructure, especially railway tunnels, require continuous inspection to ensure their safety. Furthermore, the detection of damages at an early stage can improve their service life. These tasks represent a major challenge for those involved and the tunnel down time is a disruption in operation. In rail networks, comprehensive preparations are necessary to be able to plan closures and required compensation measures. To optimize this process, a workflow for a digital inspection was generated to allow a rapid localization and a corresponding time advantage when conducting the activities on site. In doing so, a multitude of bases can be used, a standardization of damage patterns is carried out and a collaborative cooperation of multiple inspection personnel is possible. Depending on the data stock, digitized as‐built models in the form of a plan, digital plan documents and existing or generated digital twins can be used. Making it possible to locate a damage already during the inspection and thus enable a comprehensible documentation and an automated generation of reports. The pre‐set options for attribution of damages enables a time‐optimized inspection on site—which enables a reduction of the required time, the associated restrictions on traffic routing and at the same time reduces the susceptibility to errors. Within this paper, results of a first series of field tests along the Tauern Line of ÖBB, using a digital inspection workflow, are presented.
Fluorinated‐Quinoxaline Based Non‐Fused Electron Acceptors Enables Efficient As‐Cast Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Dandan , Xu Yan , Li Gang , Zhao Wenrong , Da Lin , Zhou Ping , Tang Bo
Published: January 2025

Non‐fused electron acceptors have obtained increasing curiosity in organic solar cells (OSCs) thanks to simple synthetic route and versatile chemical modification capabilities. However, non‐fused acceptors with varying quinoxaline core and as‐cast device have rarely been explored, and the molecular structure‐photovoltaic performance relationship of such acceptors remains unclear. Herein, two non‐fused acceptors L19 and L21 with thienyl substituted non‐fluorinated/fluorinated quinoxaline core were developed via five‐step synthesis. Compared with L19, L21 with F‐containing quinoxaline exhibited higher molar extinction coefficient, boosted charge mobility, improved exciton dissociation, more ordered molecular stacking and optimized film morphology. Thereafter, a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.45 % could be obtained for the as‐cast PBDB‐T : L21 ‐based device, which is significantly better than the device based on PBDB‐T : L19 (8.68 %). Furthermore, PM6 : Y6 : L21‐based ternary devices were fabricated and exhibited the highest PCE of 17.81 %. This work discloses that the introduction of electron‐withdrawing fluorinated quinoxaline core and appropriate side‐chain engineering can play an important role in improving the performance of as‐cast solar cell devices.
Bioequivalence Study of 2 Formulations of Fluticasone Nasal Spray in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Chen Gang , Wang Zejuan , Liu Xiaona , Du Aihua , Li Min , Zhang Yanan , Zhang Dan , Wang Xiaolin , Li Xueyan , Cong Wei , Wang Jin
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics, safety, and bioequivalence of 2 formulations of fluticasone nasal spray in healthy Chinese subjects. A single‐center, randomized, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐formulation, 2‐sequence, 2‐period crossover bioequivalence study was conducted under fasting conditions. A total of 120 healthy male and female subjects were enrolled, of which 119 subjects completed the entire study. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of the parent drug, fluticasone propionate (FP), in plasma were as follows: For the test formulation, maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 10.3 pg/mL, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t) was 65.6 pg•h/mL, and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞) was 86.4 pg•h/mL. For the reference formulation: Cmax was 8.80 pg/mL, AUC0‐t was 58.2 pg•h/mL, and AUC0‐∞ was 75.2 pg•h/mL. The 90% confidence intervals of the geometric means for AUC0‐t, AUC0‐∞, and Cmax between the 2 formulations were 105%‐120%, 103%‐120%, and 112%‐124%, respectively. The results show that the test and reference formulations were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events reported. According to the criteria for bioequivalence, the FP nasal spray (test formulation) is bioequivalent to the reference formulation.
Microdose Cocktail Study Reveals the Activity and Key Influencing Factors of OATP1B, P‐Gp, BCRP, and CYP3A in End‐Stage Renal Disease Patients
Authors: Kong Weijie , Pan Yuejuan , Wu Yujie , Hu Yiyi , Jiang Zhenbin , Tian Xinkui , Bi Shuhong , Wang Song , Feng Feifei , Jin Yuyan , Li Jiayu , Li Haiyan , Wang Yue , Liang Hao , Tang Wen , Liu Dongyang
Published: January 2025

OATP1B, P‐gp, BCRP, and CYP3A are the most contributing drug‐metabolizing enzymes or transporters (DMETs) for commonly prescribed medication. Their activities may change in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with large inter‐individual variabilities (IIVs), leading to altered substrate drug exposure and ultimately elevated safety risk. However, the changing extent and indictive influencing factors are not quantified so far. Here, a microdose cocktail regimen containing five sensitive substrate drugs (pitavastatin, dabigatran etexilate, rosuvastatin, midazolam, and atorvastatin) for these DMETs was administrated to Chinese healthy volunteers and ESRD patients. Drug pharmacokinetics profiles were determined, together with physiological, pharmacogenetic, and gut microbiome signature. Population pharmacokinetic and machine learning model were established to identify key influencing factors and quantify their contribution to drug exposure change. The exposure of pitavastatin, dabigatran, rosuvastatin, and atorvastatin increased to 1.8‐, 3.1‐, 1.1‐, and 1.3‐fold, respectively, whereas midazolam exposure decreased by 72% in ESRD patients. Notably, in addition to disease state, the relative abundance of genus Veillonella and Clostridium_XIVb were firstly identified as significant influencing factors for PTV and RSV apparent clearance, respectively, suggesting their indicative role for OATP and BCRP activity evaluation. Moreover, several genera were found to strongly associate with drug clearance and reduce unexplained IIVs. Accordingly, it was estimated that OATP1B and intestine P‐gp activity decreased by 35–75% and 29–44%, respectively, whereas BCRP and CYP3A4 activity may upregulate to some extent. Our study provides a quantitative and mechanistic understanding of individual DMET activity and could support precision medicine of substrate drugs in ESRD patients.
Enhanced Sliding Mode Speed Control of PMSM With Real‐Time Disturbance Estimation
Authors: Wu Jingxiu , Zhao Yong , Kong Yong , Liu Qiang , Zhang Lei
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear characteristics and lumped disturbances are inherent in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems, which can reduce control precision and impact system stability. To overcome these challenges, an enhanced sliding mode control (ESMC) with real‐time disturbance estimation is proposed in this paper. First, to guarantee finite‐time stability and rapid convergence, a full‐order composite sliding mode (FOCSM) manifold is designed. The ESMC framework integrates a smooth transition function to minimize chattering. Next, to strengthen the ability against disturbances, an adaptive sliding mode disturbance observer (ASMDOB) is developed. Finally, the proposed method is proven effective through simulations and experimental results, which reveal its capability for rapid convergence and robust performance in PMSM speed control.
The Monolingual Campus and the Bilingual Campus: Ideological Debates on the Management of Language Diversity at Two Dutch Universities
Authors: Swanenberg Jos , Spotti Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

Rooted in a neo‐liberal market approach that associates a monetary value to graduate students' numbers, since 2010 Dutch universities have had to adapt, adopt and implement language policy measures making them go global, based on the motto ‘the more international, the better’. Dutch higher education institutions, students and employees have then found themselves projected either in mandatory bilingual environments (Dutch English) or monolingual environments (English only). With the above backdrop in mind, our study first examines the discourse practices contained in language diversity policies that have been issued, authored and authorized by two universities, a technical one and a non‐technical one both located in the North Brabant region. From there, we explore the discourse practices issued against anglicisation of higher education championed by institutional bodies to safeguard the status of Dutch language as opposed to those voices from sociolinguistics who stand in favour of multilingualism. The discourse analysis of the recent political, mediatic and public debates about English‐Dutch bilingualism or English‐only monolingualism in higher education has led to a tumultuous language policing U‐turn. Such a turn has culminated with two measures: (1) consisting of reinstating the Dutch language as the language of higher education asking and (2) having universities to justify why an English language‐based educational pathway should be kept in place. Contrary to common rhetoric that portrays the Netherlands as a tolerant Country toward any form of diversity, the examined discourses issued at the governmental level seem to favour a Dutch‐only language approach, that while legitimate, results based on Herderian notions of: national belonging, safeguarding the indigenous student population while stressing the need to integrate the foreign ‘other’ through learning Dutch either before arrival or during their higher education pathway.
Weight Stigma's Effects on Misdiagnosis of Eating Disorders Among Laypeople and Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Garcia Moreno Natalia , Walker D. Catherine , Gullo Nathalie , O'Dea Conor J.
Published: January 2025

Objective

There is limited research on weight bias in diagnosing eating disorders (EDs), particularly among healthcare professionals (HCPs). This is especially true for atypical anorexia nervosa, a diagnosis recently described in the DSM that includes people with anorexia nervosa symptoms who are not clinically underweight.

Method

Using a within‐subjects design, we assessed diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, and ED‐related medical knowledge among a sample of lay people and medical professionals. Participants read three clinical vignettes (counterbalanced to avoid order effects) of a woman with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa (described as obese) and were assessed on weight stigma and prior ED medical knowledge.

Results

Both lay people and HCPs were less likely to diagnose atypical anorexia nervosa and were less confident in that diagnosis than in the anorexia nervosa vignette condition. Lay participants' diagnostic bias, but not HCPs', was impacted by weight stigma; HCPs' confidence was impacted by weight stigma. In both cases, participants high in weight stigma were more accurate (lay sample) or more confident (HCPs) in diagnoses. Last, greater ED medical knowledge improved accuracy of diagnosis of vignette cases for the HCP sample that included snowball sample recruitment and CloudResearch participants and lay people, but not for the HCP sample recruited via snowball sampling only.

Discussion

These findings highlight the urgency for more public awareness and training for HCPs emphasizing that people of all sizes can present with restrictive eating disorders.
Explaining the divergence of population trajectories for two interacting waterfowl species
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Arnold Todd W. , Buderman Frances E. , Koons David N.
Published: January 2025

Identifying the specific environmental features and associated density‐dependent processes that limit population growth is central to both ecology and conservation. Comparative assessments of sympatric species allow for inference about how ecologically similar species differentially respond to their shared environment, which can be used to inform community‐level conservation strategies. Comparative assessments can nevertheless be complicated by interactions and feedback loops among the species in question. We developed an integrated population model based on 61 years of ecological data describing the demographic histories of Canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) and Redheads (Aythya americana), two species of migratory diving ducks that utilize similar breeding habitats and affect each other's demography through interspecific nest parasitism. We combined this model with a transient life table response experiment to determine the extent that demographic rates, and their contributions to population growth, were similar between these two species. We found that demographic rates and, to a lesser extent, their contributions to population growth covaried between Canvasbacks and Redheads, but the trajectories of population abundances widely diverged between the two species during the end of the twentieth century due to inherent differences between the species life histories and sensitivities to both environmental variation and harvest pressure. We found that annual survival of both species increased during years of restrictive harvest regulations; however, recent harvest pressure on female Canvasbacks may be contributing to population declines. Despite periodic, and often dramatic, increases in breeding abundance during wet years, the number of breeding Canvasbacks declined by 13% whereas the number of breeding Redheads has increased by 37% since 1961. Reductions in harvest pressure and improvements in submerged aquatic vegetation throughout the wintering grounds have mediated the extent to which populations of both species contracted during dry years in the Prairie Pothole Region. However, continued degradation of breeding habitats through climate‐related shifts in wetland hydrology and agricultural conversion of surrounding grassland habitats may have exceeded the capacity for demographic compensation during the nonbreeding season.
Extending Equivalent Circuit Models for State of Charge and Lifetime Estimation
Authors: Jin Limei , Bereck Franz Philipp , Granwehr Josef , Scheurer Christoph
Published: January 2025

Equivalent circuit modelling (ECM) of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data is a common technique to describe the state‐dependent response of electrochemical systems such as batteries or fuel cells. To use EIS for predictive assessments of the future behaviour of such a system or its state of health (SOH), a more elaborate digital twin model is needed. Developing a robust and continuous SOH estimation poses a formidable challenge. In this study, a framework is presented where ECM parameters are expanded in a high‐dimensional Chebyshev space. It facilitates not only a mapping of the state of charge dependence with robust boundary conditions but also an extension towards a more abstract SOH description is possible. Such methods can bridge the gap between the experiment and purely data‐driven techniques that do not rely on fitting of experimental data using a priori defined models. In the absence of long‐time impedance measurements of a battery, quasi‐Monte Carlo sampling can be employed to generate differently aged synthetic battery models with limited experimental impedance data. As additional data becomes available, the space spanning the possible states of a battery can be gradually refined. The developed framework, therefore, allows for the training of big data models starting with very little experimental information and assuming random fluctuations of the model parameters consistent with available data.
Pareto Optimization of the Integration of Renewables for the Supply of Battery‐Electric and Hydrogen‐Electric Multiple Units at a Single Site
Authors: Arens Stefan , Windt Alexander , Streuling Christoph , Hanke Benedikt
Published: January 2025

Battery‐ and hydrogen‐powered trains are emerging technologies that have the potential to play a key role in the decarbonization of railway lines for which full trackside electrification is not feasible. In this study, we examine Pareto‐optimal energy supply concepts for a specific location along the Cologne–Gerolstein railway line. We investigate two supply concepts, one for battery trains making use of overhead line islands (OHLIs), referred to as the OHLI supply concept, and another for hydrogen trains that make use of hydrogen refueling station (HRSs), referred to as the HRS supply concept. The public grid, as well as renewable energy sources such as wind and PV energy, are considered sources of electrical energy supply. The sizing of these takes into account storage technologies and load time series specific to each supply concept. Simulation models are defined to evaluate the characteristics of an OHLI and HRS supply concept located in a small town (Gerolstein, Germany). Our findings indicate that the HRS supply concept results in more than twice the cost per MWh (111%/MWh higher) compared to the OHLI supply concept. However, the HRS supply concept achieves a 24.7% higher degree of self‐sufficiency. Furthermore, the HRS supply concept requires a larger energy system in terms of installed renewable power and storage capacity. This enables the HRS to supply the entire line with energy, whereas the OHLI supply concept covers only a share of the overall energy demand of battery trains at the location under consideration. The remaining energy demand is covered by existing overhead lines or OHLI at another location.
Machine Learning for Predicting Thermal Runaway in Lithium‐Ion Batteries With External Heat and Force
Authors: Örs Enes Furkan , Javani Nader
Published: January 2025

The current study aims to predict the thermal runaway in lithium‐ion batteries using five artificial intelligence algorithms, considering the environmental factors and various design parameters. Multiple linear regression, k‐nearest neighbors, decision tree, and random forest are used as machine learning algorithms, while artificial neural networks are used as deep learning algorithms. Nineteen experimental datasets are used to train the models. First, Pearson's correlation matrix is used to investigate the effects of input parameters on the thermal runaway onset time. The dataset is then updated to include only tests with thermal runaway produced by an external heat source. As a result of comparison among model performance prediction, it is determined that the decision tree model is the best‐performing model with a coefficient of determination (R2) score of 0.9881, followed by random forest, k‐nearest neighbors, artificial neural networks, and multiple linear regression models. The dataset is modified when the thermal runaway is triggered by external heating and compression forces. Results show that in this case, the performance of the decision tree model has an R2 of 0.9742. Finally, the force range in which the model has the best performance is predicted, which is helpful in conducting tests to obtain reliable results.
Community‐Centered Grid Infrastructure Development
Authors: McLean‐Conner Penni
Published: January 2025

Electric load in the US is surging, and it is expected to continue to grow at an exponential rate and require utility investment in new electric infrastructure. What is driving this growth? Several major energy trends, including increased industrial reshoring, data centers, and electrification of buildings and transportation. The result is rapid energy demand growth requiring the siting of new and expanded electric infrastructure.