bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ownership Structure on the Level of Environmental Responsibility Disclosure in Annual Report
Authors: Margono Ginting
Published: October 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on the level of environmental responsibility disclosure in the annual report. The ownership structure consists of government ownership, managerial ownership, foreign ownership, and institutional ownership. The measurement of the level of environmental responsibility disclosure is based on the GRI Index. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual reports of companies listed on PROPER and BEI in 20 13, 201 4, and 201 5. The total sample of this research is 90 company annual reports which were selected by purposive sampling. The research method used is classical assumption test and hypothesis test with multiple linear regression method. The results of this study indicate that the variables of government ownership, foreign ownership and institutional ownership have a positive and significant effect on the level of disclosure of environmental responsibility. However, managerial ownership has no significant effect on the level of responsibility disclosure environment.
Kommunikation in der Krise – LehrWerkstatt N: Nachhaltige Lehre an der Fachhochschule Dresden
Authors: Arnold Maik , König Karsten , Jess Martina
Published: October 2022

Die im Fachprogramm 2020 LehreN der Alfred Töpfer-Stiftung entwickelte „LehrWerkstatt N – Nachhaltige Lehre an der Fachhochschule Dresden“ beinhaltet eine trans- disziplinäre Lehrveranstaltung zum Thema „Kommunikation in Krisenzeiten“ in den Studiengängen Grafikdesign, Sozialpädagogik und Sozialmanagement. Studierende entwickeln über ein Jahr Projektarbeiten unter Einbeziehung sozialwissenschaftlich-empirischer, künstlerisch und (sozial-)wirtschaftlicher Perspektiven. Schlussfolge- rungen werden zur Lernprozessgestaltung, Nutzung digitaler Tools und transdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit gezogen.
Marhaenism: A Case Study of Post-Reformation GMNI’s Performance and Development as a Cadre
Authors: Bena Yintrosius
Published: October 2022

This study illustrates the progress and dynamics of GMNI as a cadre organization after the 1998-2018 reform. The research conducted was focused in 2005. To study this phenomenon researchers through several stages of research, the interview stage is considered capable and can find out the main problem to be investigated. This researcher focuses on the impact arising from the influence of GMNI for a policy. The theoretical framework used is ideology, Marhaenism, the concept of social organization, and the concept of functions of student organizations. The research method was carried out qualitatively and using descriptive research. In data collection used interviews, documentation, while for qualitative data analysis based on the use of complete and in-depth information in interpreting non-quantitative data. Based on research it can be seen that when organizational leaders at the national level experience stagnation to have a serious impact on the existence of the organization, although the activities of the socio-political movement in the region can slightly cover the obstacles faced by GMNI at the national level. The strengthening of the authoritarian rule of the New Order placed GMNI in two choices: Resigning in the sense of organizational disbandment so that its members were more focused on subjective issues, as students, or against all injustice practices of the authorities. When resisting, the actualization of the movement will be formulated in such a way in various forms of the anti status quo movement as an anti - Neo Colonialism Imperialism movement, ranging from study groups to radical movements.
Net Positive Energy Buildings in Architectural Context
Authors: Takva Cagatay , Caliskan Beyza Nur , Cakici Fatma Zehra
Published: October 2022

Considering the rapid depletion of natural resources because of increasing comfort conditions in living spaces and increasing expectations from buildings due to developing technology and climate change, today it has become inevitable to develop effective policies to meet the energy demand of buildings and to create renewable and sustainable systems. In this context, new generation building design in architecture requires regulations that reduce energy consumption, protect natural resources while considering climatic conditions and carbon emissions. In this study, buildings with net-positive energy were evaluated with the comparative analysis method and inferences were made for new generation building designs. In the first step, the properties of buildings with net-positive energy are discussed. Then, it is aimed to evaluate the buildings in which the design principles determined for a positive energy building are applied according to these features. In this context, ten buildings, which can produce more energy than the energy they consume and whose designs were made by considering the energy criteria developed according to different climatic regions, were examined. It is aimed the outcomes of this study to raise awareness against building design concepts with net-positive energy and contribute to raise the number of buildings designed with energy concepts.
Weak Interaction Dependent Super Gravity of Galactic Baryon Mass
Authors: Seshavatharam U V S , Lakshminarayana S
Published: October 2022

Considering our light speed growing Planck scale universe, it seems possible to develop a practical model of Hubble-Hawking Universe by using which cosmic temperature and Hubble parameter can be correlated accurately. Without considering galactic dark matter, galactic flat rotation speeds can be addressed with ‘super gravity’ of galactic baryonic mass. In this context, (180 to 200) million solar masses can be considered as a characteristic upper mass limit of ordinary gravity. Considering the proposed current upper mass limit of ordinary gravity as a characteristic weak interaction mass unit, hypothecated galactic dark matter can be quantified. Clearly speaking, weak interaction boosts the gravity of galaxies in proportion to their virtual dark mass as (galactic baryonic mass)3/2 / (200 million solar masses)1/2. Based on cosmic recombination temperature and baryon acoustic bubble radius, upper mass limit of gravity can also be fitted. With further study, dark matter existence and physical properties can be explored.
Assessment of the Role of Religious Institutions in Enhancing Secondary School Security in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Abubakar
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the role of religious institutions in enhancing secondary school security in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria. Two research objectives were formulated to guide the study: to assess the role of religious institutions in enhancing secondary school security and to also examine the constraints to the role of religious institutions in enhancing secondary school security in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the increasing cases of insecurity in the education sector and the need to find a lasting solution by all stakeholders, including religious institutions. Qualitative research method was adopted for the study and interview was used in collecting data. The population of the study comprises school administrators, religious Subjects’ teachers and religious leaders, where nine participants were selected using snowball sampling technique. The data were analysed using thematic analysis and the findings revealed that religious institutions play a spiritual supportive role, advisory role in government and private owned schools and play a huge and direct role in schools owned by them by purchasing of security gadgets, construction of school fence, liaising with security agents, among others. It was also revealed that among the constraints in enhancing secondary school security are: financial, political, legal, among others. Based on these findings, the study concludes that religious institutions play a great role in enhancing secondary school security in schools owned by them but play a supportive and advisory role in other schools due to some constraints and therefore recommends that government should provide constitutional framework to support religious institutions in order to enable them carry out some roles in enhancing security of schools and that of the society in general.
Adopting A Learner-Centered Approach To Improve Seafarers’ Vocabulary Skills
Authors: Selvi M.D.Thamarai , Malar Dr. Aruna Arputha
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on adopting a learner-centered approach to improve seafarers’ vocabulary skills. The participants of the study were 94 marine students from Southern Academy of Maritime Studies, Panapakkam. The objective of the study is to teach the vocabulary skills of the marine students. The research questions of the study are i) I How do students feel about learning new words ii) What are the sources that students utilize to acquire new words? iii) In L2 acquisition, what strategies do students employ to learn, keep track of, and store new words? On-line survey was administered in this study using a questionnaire to collect data from samples. Five-point Likert scale: (1- Never, 2 - Rarely, 3 - Sometimes, 4 - Often, and 5- Always) was incorporated in this study to collect data from the samples.
The Challenges in Teaching and Learning for Teachers and Students during Covid-19 Quarantine Time
Authors: Radzi Norazlina Mohd
Published: October 2022

The basis of education in developing human is very important in forming a new generation that can be balanced in terms of intellectual, emotional, physical, spiritual and personality as well as in preparing for the transformation of education in Malaysia. However the system education implemented in the country underwent into drastic changes and was severely affected when all schools had to be closed completely due to Malaysian facing the covid-19 pandemic crisis which is now a phenomenon of great concern to people around the world. The situation was really has a profound impact on all Malaysian especially teachers and students when the method of learning from home in addition to the need to adhere by standard operating procedure (SOP) and practice new norms in daily life. The Malaysian Ministry of Education as the leader of the national education system in overcoming challenges in the education sector needs to ensure that students have access to teaching and learning process widely and effectively during the covid-19 pandemic as well as help the teachers to implement new normative learning alternatives through the structured and planned learning from home and face to face. The implementation of teaching and learning appropriate to the situation of the students when they are unable to attend school or quarantine within a certain period due to covid-19 outbreak.
Relationship between the Genuine Leadership Style and Withdrawal Behavior and Teacher Motivation in District Sargodha, Mediated by Psychological Empowerment.
Authors: Batool Uzma
Published: October 2022

School performance is significantly impacted by psychological empowerment. Assessment of teachers' psychological empowerment conduct, real leadership, withdrawal behavior, and motivation is crucial. Examining the relationship between psychological empowerment, genuine leadership, withdrawal behavior, and motivation among public secondary school teachers in the district of Sargodha was the goal of the current study. The study's primary goal was to determine how psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between motivation, withdrawal behavior, and authentic leadership. Data were gathered using an effective and trustworthy tool. Data gathering involved the use of a questionnaire. 70 items were present. 457 public secondary school teachers were chosen as the study's sample from the general population. For the purpose of gathering data for this study, convenient sampling was employed. The information gathered was examined.
Mother Tongue Interference In Writing English As a second Language Among the students of Tamil language.
Authors: Remoshan Mrs. Vanmathy
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates and analysis the common interference of mother tongue, were committed by the students who are native of Tamil language, in writing English as a second language. The purpose of this current study is to reveal the common interference of the first language Tamil with its rules and structures in writing ESL. This study was conducted by using the qualitative research method and an essay was taken, from the participants, as a tool of this study . Data were collected from 50 Advanced level students who study at the government schools and these written samples were gathered from the Tamil native students who passed English language in their O/Level examination. The collected data were analyzed and identified the interference of mother tongue,in writing English as a second language, are in punctuation, capitalization, spelling, vocabulary, wrong use of pronoun, word order or sentence structure, preposition, conjunction and adjective. Besides this study will help to our students to develop their writing skills of L2, also to correct them. As well, this article will assist the teachers of ESL to approach the students in learning English as a second language.
Implementing Error Correction Strategies to Enhance Arts & Science College Students’ Writing Skills
Authors: Selvi M.D.Thamarai , Saranya Dr. P.
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to implement error correction strategies to enhance arts & Science college students’ writing skills. Participants of the study were final year students of UG and PG from Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Arts and Science College for Women, Perambalur. An Online Google form and a survey questionnaire were administered in this study to collect data. Five point likert scale was incorporated in the questionnaire. Respondent’s size is two hundred and seventeen (217) female students. The problem statement of the study is that the female students of Arts and Science College struggle to frame a correct sentence with proper sentence structure. They are unable to frame a sentence with complete meaning. The hypothesis of the study is to enhance the arts and science female students' writing skills through the gallery walk technique and three error correction techniques. The objectives of the study are i) to enhance the writing skills of arts and science college female students, ii) To develop the ability of students to understand the importance of sentence making, iii) To bring awareness about the gallery walk technique, self, peer, and teacher correction, and its benefits. The research questions are i) Will the students develop their writing skills through self-correction, peer-correction, and teacher-correction strategies? ii) Will students enhance sentence structure and sentence pattern through the gallery walk technique? iii) Will students improve their language proficiency through texts and images? The collaborative theory is utilized in this study. The findings of the study are that through gallery walk and self-correction, peer-correction, and teacher-correction strategies, students have shown involvement and improvement.
The Effectiveness of The Brunner Model For Developing Technical Skills For Fifth Year Middle School Students In Art Education
Authors: Mohammed M. Zeyad Hashim , Yaseen M. M. Ahmed Adnan
Published: October 2022

The research aims to knowing the effect of using Bruner’s exploratory model in acquiring the Art Educational among fifth High school grade students . The research sample consists of (40) students; (20) experimental group students and (20) control group students. The researcher teach himself the two groups at light of the two teaching modes of Bruner’s . The experiment covered a second academic year ) 2018– 2019 ) There is a statistically significant difference between the average of acquiring the Art Education among research sets members at the two variances of teaching methods and in favour of the experimental sets. There is a statistically significant deferences among the experimental sets studied through the Bruner"s model. The researcher concluded groups of results and among them was effectiveness of the reception and optional teaching modes in Bruner’s exploratory models in acquiring the Art Education concepts and developing inductive thinking among fifth year preparatory students
An Ethno-pragmatic Analysis of Insults in Akan Asafo Companies: The Case of Asebu Amantsendo Asafo Company of Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese District, Ghana
Authors: Andoh John , Fenyi Daniel Arkoh , Zotoku Mawuena Komi , Osei-Appiagyei William
Published: October 2022

This study sought to investigate the use of insults in Asafo companies at Asebu Amantsendo of Abura Asebu Kwamankese District in the Central Region of Ghana. The study aimed at finding out the various instances where insults are not considered as face threatening acts (FTAs) and identifying the various reasons which permit members to use insults in Asafo activities. The theoretical base for the study was Brown and Levinson’s (1978) Politeness Theory. Data was sampled from fifty participants from Asebu traditional area through interviews and observations. The study revealed that verbal forms of insults manifest through songs and greetings while the nonverbal forms manifest through flags, posts and surrogate. The study also showed occasions where insults are treated as non-face threatening acts. These occasions include specific occasions (such as funerals, enstoolment of chiefs, festivals etc), and during insult competition games. Also, the study revealed that entertainment, correction and trademark were some of the reasons for which members engaged in insults. The study contributes to the politeness theory by proving that among the Akan Asafo groups, insults were used as cohesive tools for strengthening togetherness..
Global language in the field of maritime – the backbone of global trade
Authors: Selvi M.D.Thamarai
Published: October 2022

The purpose of the study is to investigate the importance of English language in the field of maritime and the backbone of global trade. Participants of the study were 60 Diploma in Nautical Science (DNS) batch students from SAMS Kappal College, Panapakkam, Chennai. For collecting the data, the participants were asked to write two permission letters of 150 words. Problem Statement of the study is that marine students make lot errors in sentence coherence, connectives and grammar in letter writing. The objectives of the study are: 1. To enhance the letter writing skills of the students. 2. To identify the common errors done in their letter writing. Hypothesis of the study was to enhance the letter writing skills through self-correction and peer-correction techniques. Mixed approach was administered in the study. Research Questions of the study is 1. Will the students improve their letter writing skills through self-correction and peer-correction strategies? As a result of the study, self-correction and peer-correction strategies helped the students to build the right foundation for effective letter writing.
Gandhian Philosophy is More Relevant Today than Yesterday
Authors: Rather Aqib Yousuf
Published: October 2022

The human society is undergoing rapid transformation. It is anticipated that the rate of progress in scientific knowledge, as well as the breadth and depth of information at our disposal, will result in an improvement in the overall quality of life. Regrettably, we still face an overwhelming number of challenges on multiple fronts, including the social, economic, cultural, and political levels. India has a single point of reference to overcome its plethora of obstacles; he is the nation's founding father. While worldwide efforts are straining to achieve the Millennium Development Goals, India has this point of reference. The goal of this study is to establish whether or not Gandhiji's views are more relevant today than they were in the past, taking into account the increased severity of the difficulties that society is currently facing. It might be argued whether Mahatma Gandhi's principles are sound or not, whether they are eternal or not. To what extent his ideals are still followed and cherished by the majority of people, and whether or not all of the principles are still relevant in the modern world is also discussed.
Willingness to Pay for Recreational Benefits using Contingent Valuation: A Case Study of Lake Bababu
Authors: Odtojan Medielyn M. , Ancla Sheila Mae B. , Rellon Eva A. , P. Aying Joryne Mae , S. Buot Glynis Irene , Enecio Marialie M.
Published: October 2022

Dinagat Islands aimed to become the ecotourism center of the Caraga Region, in which Lake Bababu is one of its outstanding sites. Promotion of its ecotourism with much consideration on its sustainable ecological conservation. Hence, this study focused on the economic valuation of Lake Bababu through a Contingent Valuation Method by determining the respondents’ Willingness To Pay (WTP) for the protection and conservation of the area. A dichotomous iterative approach was applied to get the maximum willingness to pay of the tourists. A total of 357 tourists were interviewed based on the 4,884 total visitors in the area in 2018. As a result, 55% expressed willingness to pay the bid amount to support the conservation of cultural and natural values of the lake and to further support the protection of the undisturbed nature of the lake. Through regression analysis, the bid amount was found to have significantly influenced the tourists’ WTP. The income variable of the respondents came out as one of the factors that influenced the tourist’s WTP. The mean WTP was calculated at approximately Php 51.00. Thus, the total recreational benefits of Lake Bababu is amounting to Php 249,084 as what the tourists do want the next generations to enjoy. It is therefore recommended to the management of the area to increase the entrance fee from Php 30 to Php 51 for the conservation, protection, and sustainability of the area.
Divorce Ratio Increasing in the Society of Pakistan
Authors: Muzamil Muhammad , Muzamil Madem Nosheen
Published: October 2022

The study was carried out since July, 2022. The major ideal of Divorce Ratio Increasing in the Society of Pakistan. The study affect indicates that divorce is a veritably dangerous social problem in the society of Pakistan. Day by day its number is adding in the country. The study concludes that divorce is the social problem which affects first the family and also sluggishly gradationally destroys the country. Due to divorce the world development is also largely affected. Islam also dislike to divorce in society. There are so numerous factors which affect the divorce but the well given factor is the profitable problem which speeds up the divorce veritably fluently in Pakistan society. This problem is veritably ramifying in the civic area of Pakistan but now a day in pastoral area also some cases are observed. High education is also a big factor which have speed up the divorce in the civic society. The women power day by day due to education adding. They earn the plutocrat and not give due attention to their hubby and because of this sluggishly gradationally the situation of the family disturb which in the long run convert to divorce. Also Parda in the Pakistan society is on the decline which produce dubieties between hubby and woman. Islam has focus substantially on Parda but now a day this term is on the declining in the Pakistani society. On the base of problem the study recommend that to not give divorce to their women, Always give due right to their woman, Also watch at the time of marriage about age, Not use abuse language to woman, Give also some gift to their woman in the time of form, Not enter any person to their home without proper authorization of the hubby, Always admire the hubby, Government should put correction in the family law of 1961. Islamic principles should be applied in the family for divorce dwindling, Mobile should be banned in the house in alone room, Women should substantially follow the order of the Husband, Also love with the family of hubby, Give due attention to their mama in law in the houses, Always admire them, Parda should be kept from Nahuharum people in the house, no way use abuse language in the houses in front of the children, Respect always the woman and their sisters.
An Evaluation of the Reasons and Results of Young People Unemployment in Pakistan 2022
Authors: Muzamil Mr. Muhammad , Muzamil Madem Nosheen , Ehhsan Madem Bushra , Jan Madem Sana
Published: October 2022

Youth unemployment is a challenging issue facing the whole world. The focus of this study is to find out the reasons and results of youth unemployment in Pakistan. Primary data were used and collected through a well-designed questionnaire from 120 respondents. For data analysis, simple frequencies and percentage methods were used. The finding of the study showed that 31.67% of respondents were unemployed due to a low level of education, 23.33% of respondents were unemployed due to low salary, 17.5% of respondents were unemployed due to no approach (sefarish), 14.17% of respondents were unemployed due to lack of skills and 13.33% respondents were unemployed. 36.67% of respondents agreed that due to unemployment crimes increases, 24.17% of respondents said that due to unemployment drug abuse increases, 15.83% of respondents said that due to unemployment nepotism, and favoritism arises, 95% of respondents agreed that unemployment affects social life and create tension. 89.17% of respondents agreed that unemployment affects health. The causes of the high growth rate of unemployment are low-level education, the high growth rate of population, poverty, lack of capital, lack of proper skills, and favoritism in the selection process. Therefore, the present study recommended that a proper plan and mechanism is crucial for controlling the high growth of the population, increasing job opportunities, providing credit facilities for self-employment, providing proper skills, and controlling corruption to reduce unemployment in the study. On the basis of previous literature and our findings, it has been concluded that unemployment is the mother of crime.
Socioeconomic Impact of Covid19 on Middle-Income Level Employee’s Behaviour: An Explorative Study on Restaurants of Hyderabad, Sindh
Authors: Altaf Unaiza , Lohana Dr Kamleshwer , Talpur Dr Arifa Bano
Published: October 2022

In early 2020 a disease named Coronavirus (COVID-19), has affected the pattern of living and working, and thus has impacted the industrial sectors and organizations worldwide has created changes in working patterns, and has affected employees. Different organizations have adopted new working ways like working from home and teleworking. The research is conducted to examine hurdles created by the global coronavirus pandemic on hotel employees’ This paper reports the exploration and examines the fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on workers of restaurants about their families, career issues, behavioural changes, job insecurities, career optimism issues among working restaurant employees related to their mental health between those who are individuals employed in the prior time of covid 19 among the restaurant sectors in Hyderabad, Sindh. The findings have been gathered after analyzing qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews and observations from the respondents. The respondents were affiliated with the hospitality industry and mostly served as waiters in restaurants. The gathered responses revealed that Covid-19 lockdown measures in the city of Hyderabad disproportionately affected the employees of restaurants on many levels. Among financial constraints, health and social vulnerabilities impacted their day-to-day life. The further burden was loaded upon them by job insecurity, temporary unemployment, career switches, and work-life imbalances. The questionnaire developed to address the objectives of this research was mainly categorized into three themes. The three themes are career hurdles, economic challenges, and psychological and behavioral change. The following segment of the report will primarily represent and elaborate on the gathered responses in relation to the four themes.
Fitted Operator Average Finite Difference Method for Singularly Perturbed Delay Parabolic Reaction Diffusion Problems with Non-Local Boundary Conditions
Authors: Gobena Wakjira Tolassa , Duressa Gemechis File
Published: October 2022

This paper deals with numerical solution of singularly perturbed delay parabolic reaction diffusion problem having large delay on the spatial variable with non-local boundary condition. The solution of the problem exhibits parabolic boundary layer on both sides of the spatial domain and interior layer is also created. Introducing a fitting parameter into asymptotic solution and applying average finite difference approximation, a fitted operator finite difference method is developed for solving the problem under consideration. To treat the non-local boundary condition, Simpson's rule is applied. The stability and $\varepsilon$ uniform convergence analysis has been carried out. To validate the applicability of the scheme, numerical examples are presented and solved for different values of the perturbation parameter $\varepsilon$ and mesh sizes. The numerical results are tabulated in terms of maximum absolute errors and rate of convergence and it is observed that the present method is more accurate and shown to be second order Uniformly convergent in both direction, and it also improves the results of the methods existing in the literature.
PENGETAHUAN MODERASI BERAGAMA KELAS IX DI PONDOK PESANTREN ATS TSAQOFIY TANJUNG MORAWA
Authors: Lisa Wardani
Published: October 2022

The main problem of this research, discusses "Knowledge of Religious Moderation Class VI at Ats Tsaqofiy Islamic Boarding School Tanjung Morawa". The main problems of the research are divided into two sub-problems, namely: 1) What is the Meaning of Religious Moderation in Indonesia, 2) How is Knowledge of Religious Moderation among Santri Class VI Pesantren Ats Tsaqofiy Tanjung Morawa.

The objectives of this research are: 1) To find out the Purpose of Religious Moderation in Indonesia, 2) To find out the Level of Knowledge of Religious Moderation among Pesantren Ats Tsaqofiy Tanjung Morawa.

This type of research is quantitative, with a normative theological approach. The sources of research data are primary data, data obtained using questionnaires, and several other community leaders. Second, from several books, journals, magazines, newspapers or online news. Supporting data are not taken directly from informants but through documents and research results that are relevant to this research problem to complete the information needed in the study.

The results of this study can be seen that most of the respondents have a "sufficient" level of knowledge about religious moderation as many as 15 people (48.4%) and respondents have a "less" level of knowledge about religious moderation as many as 12 people (38.7%), and respondents have a "good" level of knowledge about religious moderation as many as 4 people (12.9%). So, according to Ari Kunto, the measurement of the level of knowledge about religious moderation in class VI students is categorized as "less" because the percentage of research results above is less than 55% (<55%).
Terms Educators in The Qoran
Authors: Ibrahim Hasan
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the terms educators contained in the Qoran. The results of this study is expected to add new perspectives and knowledge insights about educators contained in the Koran. This type of research includes library research, with using the thematic method (mauḍū'ī), which is to collect verses from the Qoran about educator terms. The approach used in this research is the science of tafsir, which is trying to see the term educator in the Koran which is interpreted by commentator. While the data collection technique uses the documentation technique from primary data sources in the form of Qoranic verses, plus secondary data sources in the form of tafsir books, and other supporting books related to with the object of research. The collected research data is then analyzed using the content analysis method through several methods step that is; maudhu’i (verse on the term educator), tahlili (verse analysis), muqaran (comparing the meaning of verse), and interpretation (make conclusion meaning of the verse). The results of this study indicate that there are terms educators in the Koran, namely: Murabbi, Mu'allim, Mudarris, Muzakki, Mursyid, Mudabbir, Mutli, Muwa’izd and Da'i.
Bengali Women in Anti-British Movement (1857-1947): A Historical Analysis
Authors:   Department of English, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajganj, Bangladesh., Khatun­ Mst. Tanna
Published: October 2022

Bengali women are commonly thought of as being defenseless. They must endure all the suffering while keeping their eyes closed since it is part of their religion. However, the setting is different in history. Bengali women have taken an active role in a number of movements and struggles. From the British era until the Pakistani period, Bengali women actively participated in a number of movements. Both men and women played important roles in the freedom struggle of that time in British history. This research looked at the engagement of Bengali women in historical movements during the British era (1857-1947). The illustrious history of Bengali women has been presented through primary data. The researchers have found that the female group was capable of playing a spectacular role in the national revolutionary struggle by actively taking part in important activities like planning the revolutionaries’ escape or hiding or transporting weapons to the proper location.
YÜKSEK ÖZGÜRLÜKÇÜ EKONOMİLERDE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME PERFORMANSINA İLİŞKİN AMPİRİK KANITLAR
Authors: KANGAL Nalan , EROĞLU İlhan
Published: October 2022

Ekonomik özgürlük bireylerin ekonomik faaliyetleri kendi tercihleri doğrultusunda yapabildiği, gönüllü mübadele, serbest piyasa, net bir şekilde tanımlanmış devamında da uygulamaya konmuş mülkiyet haklarının varlığı ve sözleşme özgürlüğünün bir arada bulunması ile elde edilen kazanımdır. Girişimciliği ve refah ortamını oluşturmasına ek olarak ekonomik özgürlük insan gelişimini destekleyerek bireysel seçim ve fırsat olanağı oluşturarak bireylerin sahip olduğu diğer özgürlükleri de besleyerek yaşam kalitesini arttırmaktadır. Neo-liberal iktisadi düşüncenin desteği ile ekonomik özgürlük ile bireysel tercihlerin sınırlandırılmaması makroekonominin temel konularından olan ekonomik büyümeye katkı yapmaktadır. Çalışmada ekonomik özgürlükler ve kişi başına düşen GSYİH arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Belirtilen bu amaç doğrultusunda Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi’nde ilk 10 sırada yer alan ülkeler (Singapur, Hong Kong, Yeni Zelanda, Avustralya, İsviçre, İrlanda, Birleşik Krallık, Danimarka, Kanada ve Estonya) analize dâhil edilerek panel veri analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında bağımlı değişken olarak kişi başına düşen GSYİH (cari $) ve bağımsız değişken olarak Heritage Vakfı tarafından yayınlanan Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi yer almaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmaya İş Özgürlüğü Endeksi, Küresel Rekabetçilik Endeksi, Demokrasi Endeksi, Yolsuzluk Algısı Endeksi, ticari dışa açıklık oranı, cari işlemler dengesi/GSYİH, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (net girişler) ve kamu harcaması/GSYİH gibi kontrol değişkenleri eklenmiştir. Yapılan ekonometrik analizler neticesinde ekonomik özgürlüğün kişi başına düşen GSYİH’yı artırdığı sonucu elde edilmiştir.
COVID-19 DÖNEMİNDE MUTLULUK İLE MUTLULUĞUN TEMEL BELİRLEYİCİLERİ İLİŞKİSİ: ISPARTA ÖRNEKLEMİ ÜZERİNDEN DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: POLAT Yunus Emre , KILIÇ Esra
Published: October 2022

Günümüzde mutluluk ekonomik kalkınmanın en temel göstergelerinden biri haline dönüşmektedir. Buradan hareketle özetle davranışsal iktisat alanı kapsamında mutluluk çalışmaları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Özellikle Easterlin paradoksu ile birlikte mutluluğun yalnızca gelir düzeyi ile ilişkili olmadığı, mutluluğun başka belirleyicilerinin de olduğu üzerinde durulmaktadır. Literatürden hareketle mutluluğun belirleyicilerini sosyo ekonomik faktörler, ekonomik faktörler ve kurumsal faktörler olarak gruplandırmak mümkün olmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra son üç yıldır dünya bireylerin mutluluk düzeyini de önemli düzeyde etkileyen COVID-19 salgını ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Buradan hareketle hali hazırdaki çalışmada COVID-19 döneminde sosyo ekonomik faktörler, kurumsal faktörler ve ekonomik faktörler ile mutluluk arasında ilişki olup olmadığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada veri elde edebilmek için anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Isparta İlinde yaşayan 432 kişi çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler Ki Kare Testi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; COVID-19 döneminde cinsiyet, yaş, medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi gibi sosyo-ekonomik faktörler; çalışma durumu, elde edilen gelir, COVID-19 döneminde işine ara verilme durumu ve temel ihtiyaçların karşılanabilmesi gibi ekonomik faktörler; Sağlık Bakanlığı’na duyulan güven ve kamu hizmetlerinin yeterlilik düzeyi gibi kurumsal faktörler ile mutluluk arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.
BOLÍVIA E A QUESTÃO INDÍGENA: DA ESCRAVIDÃO À CIDADANIA PLENA
Authors: Hasslocher-Moreno Alejandro Marcel
Published: October 2022

Apesar da conquista espanhola ter desconfigurado as relações de poder das lideranças indígenas, estas ainda puderam manter, durante o período colonial, algum grau de autonomia administrativa e reconhecimento de seus valores e práticas sociais. Com a independência e o surgimento de regimes republicanos de caráter liberal, a questão indígena impactou na sociedade boliviana, apresentando-se como um desafio para a sobrevivência destas populações autóctones, agora no papel de indivíduos supostamente livres. É neste ambiente, de estado independente e republicano, que os índios passam a perder suas terras, são violentados quanto a sua natureza social e a vida comunitária é desconstruída. Não bastou tornarem-se cidadãos formais em meados do século XX, ainda foram necessários mais cinquenta anos para que o Estado se apropriasse da condição multiétnica e pluricultural da sociedade boliviana e, enfim, reconhecesse a população indígena como cidadãos bolivianos de fato e de direito.
PROTEÇÃO AO MÍNIMO EXISTENCIAL NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DO COVID-19
Authors: Junio Miguel Horvath , Láua Carolina Alves Correa , Simonato Geisla Luara
Published: October 2022

O presente artigo analisa a suficiência das medidas de proteção social adotadas pelo Estado Brasileiro em função da pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus (SARS-CoV 2) para garantir o mínimo existencial. É dado enfoque nas medidas adotadas pela Lei nº 13.982, de 02 de abril de 2020, mais precisamente a criação do auxílio emergencial e a possibilidade de antecipação dos benefícios por incapacidade permanente e do benefício de prestação continuada (BPC), dado o fechamento das agências da previdência social e, por isso, a impossibilidade de realização das perícias necessárias para concessão desse benefício previdenciário e desse benefício assistencial, respectivamente.Para análise da suficiência das medidas adotadas, sob a ótica do mínimo existencial, são apresentados os valores que foram pagos ou antecipados em comparação com o salário-mínimo nacional. Com isso, é apresentada a seguinte reflexão. Essas medidas garantiram apenas a sobrevivência ou garantiram uma vida digna. O método utilizado será o dedutivo, realizando pesquisa bibliográfica, partindo da coleta de conceitos doutrinários e informações jurídicas e legais.
BİLGE KARASU'NUN GECE ROMANINDA MODERNİZM ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: NALBANT Elif
Published: October 2022

Bu makalenin temel amacı, bir edebiyat eserini sosyolojik bir yaklaşımla ele alarak, Bilge Karasu’nun Gece romanında modernleşme ile ortaya çıkan sorunlardan roman anlatısının nasıl etkilendiğini açığa çıkarmaktır. Çalışma temel olarak a)iktidarın nasıl temsil edildiği, b)iktidar ile birey arasındaki ilişkinin nasıl temsil edildiği ve c)iktidar ile birey arasındaki ilişkinin yarattığı sorunların nasıl temsil edildiği üzerine kuruludur. Böylece Gece romanındaki veriler ışığında, totalitarizm, gözetim, şiddet, söylenti, kötülüğün sıradanlığı ve yabancılaşma kavramlarının modern dönem ile kurduğu bağ, söylem analizinin temel kavramlarından olan bağlam, anlam ve yansıtırlık odağa alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Metinin analizi, romanın, modern dönemde yaşanan toplumsal, bireysel ve politik sorunların eleştirisi olarak okunması açısından faydalı olacaktır.
Performance Measurement of PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Using Value for Money
Authors: Haidiputri Trivosa Aprilia Novadiani , Bahri Saiful , Hidayati Rr. Setyani , Mustagis Ghiyasul
Published: October 2022

This research was conducted at PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Probolinggo City. The purpose of this study was to measure the performance of PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Probolinggo City using value for money. This research is quantitative descriptive. The method of data collection is with documentation. The population in this study is the budget realization report of PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Probolinggo City, and the sample is the 2018 2019 and 2020 budget realization report. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, with the data analysis method using descriptive statistics. The results in this study indicate that the performance of PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) City of Probolinggo in terms of economic elements, efficiency and effectiveness have not met the requirements for value for money. This is indicated by the average value of the ratio, efficiency and effectiveness in 2018-2020 obtained results of <100% or have not met the criteria of economy, efficiency and effectiveness.
Service Satisfaction Based on Performance Index and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)
Authors: Hermanto Hermanto , Sulistyan Riza Bahtiar , Touati Hassan
Published: October 2022

Evaluation of service performance is something that needs to be done regularly in order to improve its quality. This research is intended to measure the level of satisfaction or expectations of lecturers and users by using ten service elements as measurement items, with a sample of 80 respondents in XyZ University. To meet the feasibility of the instrument, validity and reliability tests were carried out. The analysis technique was quantitative descriptive through the Index and Importance Performance analysis. The results showed that the level of lecturer satisfaction was in the category of good satisfaction with high expectations, several service elements that needed attention and improvement were; elements of funding sources, providing research facilities and community service proportionally according to needs and achieving service promises in accordance with the research and community service strategic plans that have been proclaimed.
BRILink: Impact on Economic Welfare During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Praya Barat
Authors: Muliadi Selamat
Published: October 2022

BRI provides financial services through BRILink agent at remote villages. BRILink agent give service not only provides operational efficiency benefits, but also provides convenience for BRI’s customers and non customers. Phenomena that often occur in BRI Bank customers against Brilink Agents, both directly and indirectly, such as the quality of service provided to customers that are not up to standard so that it can lead to the customer's decision to return to transactions at Brilink Agents and the impact of these problems will decrease the number of transactions and decreased fee-based income for Brilink agents. This study aims to test and analyze the effect of BRILink on economic welfare in Praya Barat Central Lombok Regency during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The research used the quantitative method with case study approach. The method that used multiple linear regression with the numeric variable include Classic Assumption Test. The data source was primary data and collection techniques conducted by interviews and observation. Respondents in this study we 27 agents of the BRILink in Praya Barat. The results showed that the number of agents and the number of transactions has a significant and positive effect on economics welfare in Praya Barat.
Kebiasaan Merokok Anggota Keluarga dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun
Authors: Astuti Wahyu Tri , Siswanto Siswanto
Published: October 2022

Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) adalah radang akut saluran pernafasan atas maupun bawah yang disebabkan oleh faktor individu anak dan faktor lingkungan. Salah satu penyebab yang menjadi perhatian adalah kebiasaan merokok. Selain itu, data Riskesdas tahun 2013 menyebutkan bahwa 85% rumah tangga di Indonesia terpapar asap rokok, estimasinya 8 perokok meninggal karena perokok aktif dan 1 perokok meninggal karena terpapar asap rokok orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga dengan kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada balita usia 1-5 tahun. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik. Kriteria inklusi yaitu ibu yang mempunyai balita yang berusia 1-5 tahun yang menderita ISPA, jika di dalam 1 keluarga memiliki 2 balita maka keduanya dapat dijadikan sebagai sampel apabila orang tua balita menyetujuinya dan balita yang tinggal satu rumah dengan anggota keluarga yang merokok, dengan sampel sebesar 82 responden. Analisa Bivariat dilakukan untuk melihat adanya hubungan menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proporsi balita yang ISPA lebih banyak ditemukan pada balita yang terpapar asap rokok (65,8%) dibandingkan dengan yang tidak terpapar asap rokok (3,67%). Berdasarkan pengujian Chi Square diperoleh nilai signifikansi adalah 0,000 yang lebih kecil dari 5%. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga di dalam rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Desa Sidosari, Kecamatan Salaman, Kabupaten Magelang.
Impact of virtual reality excergaming and conventional physiotherapy in stage 2 frozen shoulder patient: A case report
Authors: ANSARI MUBASHSHIRAH FIRDAUS , SHARMA RITA
Published: October 2022

ABSTRACT  
Introduction- Frozen Shoulder which is also called as Periarthritis of shoulder joint. It is commonly seen in 40-60 years of age group. When the tendon gets inflamed from a long period of time it leads to Frozen Shoulder due to involvement of Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres minor muscles and marked restriction in the movements which cannot be performed by the patient itself or by the help of therapist. Moreover, injury leads to inflammation of joint capsule which lead to pain and joint stiffness. Aim and objective of this case study is to check the effect of Virtual Reality and Conventional Physiotherapy in the patient having Frozen Shoulder. Outcome Measure were Pain and functional disability measured by Shoulder disability and disability index scale (SPADI), Range of Motion (ROM) measured by Universal Goniometer, Kinesiophobia was measured through Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TAMPA) and Sleeping routine was checked through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusions- Four weeks of intervention, thrice a day in a week showed marked improvement in pain, Rom, fear of avoidance, sleep quality through Virtual Reality exergaming and Conventional Physiotherapy in Frozen shoulder patient.
Keywords: Virtual reality exergaming, Frozen shoulder, Pain, Function, Sleep, Tens.