bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors among healthcare workers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa; cross-sectional study
Authors: Adeniyi Oladele Vincent , Masilela Charity , George Jaya A.
Published: February 2024

This study assesses the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and its potential association with cardiometabolic risk factors among South African adults residing in the Eastern Cape province. In this cross-sectional study, 1244 healthcare workers (HCWs) completed a self-administered questionnaire and venous blood samples were drawn at two academic hospitals in the Eastern Cape. History of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were self-reported. Participants were categorised as obese if their body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2. Participants were classified as having metabolic syndrome if they had hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Vitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency was defined as venous blood concentrations < 50 nmol/L. Associations between vitamin D deficiency and participants’ characteristics were assessed using multivariate logistic regression model analysis. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 28.5% (n = 355), of whom 292 were female. Among the participants who were deficient in vitamin D, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and metabolic syndrome was 64.9% (n = 230), 9% (n = 32), 16.6% (n = 59), 2.3% (n = 8) and 18% (n = 64), respectively. In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression model, black Africans (AOR = 2.87; 95% CI 1.52–5.43) and individuals ≥ 42 years (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI 1.07–1.77) were more likely to exhibit vitamin D deficiency. However, there was no significant association by age, sex, and cardiometabolic markers. More than one in four healthcare workers was deficient in vitamin D among the study sample, especially the black Africans and older individuals. Further studies are needed at the population level to elucidate on the vitamin D status in the region.
Construction of knowledge constraints: a case study of 3D structural modeling
Authors: Lu Cai , Xu Xinran , Zhang Bingbin
Published: February 2024

The uncertainty of structural interpretation complicates the practical production and application of data-driven complex geological structure modeling technology. Intelligent structural modeling excavates and extracts structural knowledge from structural interpretation through human–machine collaboration and combines structural interpretation to form a new model of complex structural modeling guided by knowledge. Specifically, we focus on utilizing knowledge rule reasoning technology to extract topological semantic knowledge from interpretive data and employ knowledge inference to derive structural constraint information from complex geological structure models, thus effectively constraining the 3D geological structure modeling process. To achieve this, we develop a rule-based knowledge inference system that derives theoretical models consistent with expert cognition from interpretive data and prior knowledge. Additionally, we represent the extracted knowledge as a topological semantic knowledge graph, which facilitates computer recognition and allows estimation of intersection lines during 3D geological modeling, resulting in the creation of accurate models. The applicability of our proposed method to various complex geological structures is validated through application tests using real-world data. Furthermore, our method effectively supports the realization of intelligent structure modeling in real working area.
Sea level variability in Gulf of Guinea from satellite altimetry
Authors: Kemgang Ghomsi Franck Eitel , Raj Roshin P. , Bonaduce Antonio , Halo Issufo , Nyberg Björn , Cazenave Anny , Rouault Mathieu , Johannessen Ola M.
Published: February 2024

Coastal zones with dense populations, low elevations and/or inadequate adaptive capacity are on the frontline of unprecedented impacts from climate change. The Gulf of Guinea (GoG), stretching from Liberia to Gabon, is in particular vulnerable to coastal flooding caused by local and/or climate-induced sea level rise. In this region, interannual to decadal coastal sea level changes remain poorly understood, mainly due to a lack of tide gauge stations. Here we use nearly three decades (1993–2021) of satellite altimetry data to study the link between the Equatorial Atlantic and coastal GoG sea level variability. The rate of mean sea level rise increased from 3.47 to 3.89 ± 0.10 mm/yr from the Equatorial oceanic domain to the GoG coastal area, with an acceleration of 0.094 ± 0.050 mm/yr2. This corresponds to a mean sea level rise of about 8.9 cm over the entire altimetry period, 1993–2021. We focus on the (extreme) warm/cold events that occur in both the GoG during Atlantic Niños, and along the Angola-Namibia coast during Benguela Niños. Both events are driven by remote forcing via equatorial Kelvin waves and local forcing by local winds, freshwater fluxes and currents intensifications. Analysis of altimetry-based sea level, sea surface temperature anomalies, 20 °C isotherm based PIRATA moorings, and the Argo-based steric and thermometric sea level allows us to follow the coastal trapped waves (CTWs) along the GoG, and its link with major events observed along the strong Equatorial Atlantic warmings in 2010, 2012, 2019 and 2021. Both 2019 and 2021 warming have been identified as the warmest event ever reported in this region during the last 40 years. A lag of 1 month is observed between equatorial and West African coastal trapped wave propagation. This observation may help to better anticipate and manage the effects of extreme events on local ecosystems, fisheries, and socio-economic activities along the affected coastlines. In order to enable informed decision-making and guarantee the resilience of coastal communities in the face of climate change, it emphasises the significance of ongoing study in this field.
Pin penetration depths in the neurocranium using a three-pin head fixation device
Authors: Machts René , Schindler Martina , Unterhauser-Chwastek Heike , Mertens Jan , Faust Katharina
Published: February 2024

In estimated 10–15% of neurosurgical interventions employing a conventional three-pin head fixation device (HFD) the patient’s head loses position due to slippage. At present no scientifically based stability criterion exists to potentially prevent the intraoperative loss of head position or skull fractures. Here, data on the skull penetration depth both on the single and two-pin side of a three-pin HFD are presented, providing scientific evidence for a stability criterion for the invasive three-pin head fixation. Eight fresh, chemically untreated human cadaveric heads were sequentially pinned 90 times in total in a noncommercially calibrated clamp screw applying a predefined force of 270 N (approximately 60 lbf) throughout. Three head positions were pinned each in standardized manner for the following approaches: prone, middle fossa, pterional. Titanium-aluminum alloy pins were used, varying the pin-cone angle on the single-pin side from 36° to 55° and on the two-pin side from 25° to 36°. The bone-penetration depths were directly measured by a dial gauge on neurocranium. The penetration depths on the single-pin side ranged from 0.00 mm (i.e., no penetration) to 6.17 mm. The penetration depths on the two-pin side ranged from 0.00 mm (no penetration) to 4.48 mm. We measured a significantly higher penetration depth for the anterior pin in comparison to the posterior pin on the two-pin side in prone position. One pin configuration (50°/25°) resulted in a quasi-homogenous pin depth distribution between the single- and the two-pin side. Emanating from the physical principle that pin depths behave proportionate to pin pressure distribution, a quasi-homogenous pin penetration depth may result in higher resilience against external shear forces or torque, thus reducing potential complications such as slippage and depressed skull fractures. The authors propose that the pin configuration of 50°/25° may be superior to the currently used uniform pin-cone angle distribution in common clinical practice (36°/36°). However, future research may identify additional influencing factors to improve head fixation stability.
Oil-in-water emulsion loaded with optimized antioxidant blend improved the shelf-life of trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets: a study with simplex-centroid design
Authors: Torres Neto Luiz , Monteiro Maria Lucia G. , da Silva Bruno D. , Galvan Diego , Conte-Junior Carlos A.
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to obtain optimized mixture with three essential oils (EOs) for maximum antioxidant activity through the augmented simplex-centroid mixture design and evaluate the effect of this optimized blend on total aerobic psychrotrophic count (TAPC), lipid and protein oxidation, instrumental color parameters and texture profile in rainbow trout fillets at refrigerated storage for nine days. Considering the DPPH and FRAP assays, the ideal EO blend was 66% lemongrass and 34% oregano. During refrigerated storage, this blend at 2000 ppm was equally effective as BHT (100 ppm) (p > 0.05), mitigating the discoloration (a*andb*), lipid, and protein oxidation in 38.83%, 12.95%, 76.13%, and 35.13%, respectively, besides shows greater effectiveness for preserving texture changes (p < 0.05) and extending the shelf life in 13 h. The lemongrass + oregano EO blend reveals a promising natural alternative to enhance the quality of rainbow trout fillets under refrigerated storage. Furthermore, the multiresponse optimization showed to be a strong ally in enabling the use of these EOs by food industries.
The association of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on mitral and aortic valve calcification associated mortality: a meta-analysis
Authors: Chiu Kuan-Jung , Chen Szu-Chia , Su Wei-Yu , Chang Yong-Yuan , Chang Kai-Chao , Li Chiu Hui , Wu Ying-Jhen , Wu Da-Wei , Kuo Chao-Hung
Published: February 2024

Cardiac valve calcification (CVC), characterized by the accumulation of calcium in the heart valves, is highly prevalent among patients undergoing dialysis. This meta-analysis aimed to provide an updated summary of recent studies on the prognostic value of CVC in patients undergoing dialysis. We conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify observational studies investigating cardiovascular or all-cause mortality associated with CVC in dialysis patients until March 2023. Hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the meta-analysis, and the strength and significance of the associations between CVC and mortality outcomes in dialysis patients were assessed. From 6218 initially identified studies, we included 10 critical studies with a total of 3376 dialysis patients in a further meta-analysis. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant association between CVC and an elevated risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. In our study, we discovered HRs of 1.592 (95% CI 1.410–1.797) for all-cause mortality and 2.444 (95% CI 1.632–3.659) for cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed elevated all-cause mortality among patients with mitral valve calcification (HR 1.572; 95% CI 1.200–2.060) compared to those with aortic valve calcification (HR 1.456; 95% CI 1.105–1.917). Similarly, patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis faced a greater risk for all-cause mortality (HR 2.094; 95% CI 1.374–3.191) than those on hemodialysis (HR 1.553; 95% CI 1.369–1.763). This highlights the possibility of CVC being an independent risk factor for dialysis patients, particularly in relation to mitral valve calcification or peritoneal dialysis.
Alterations in the molecular control of mitochondrial turnover in COPD lung and airway epithelial cells
Authors: Tulen Christy B. M. , van de Wetering Cheryl , Schiffers Caspar H. J. , Weltjens Ellen , Benedikter Birke J. , Leermakers Pieter A. , Boukhaled Juliana H. , Drittij Marie-José , Schmeck Bernd T. , Reynaert Niki L. , Opperhuizen Antoon , van Schooten Frederik-Jan , Remels Alexander H. V.
Published: February 2024

Abnormal mitochondria have been observed in bronchial- and alveolar epithelial cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is unknown if alterations in the molecular pathways regulating mitochondrial turnover (mitochondrial biogenesis vs mitophagy) are involved. Therefore, in this study, the abundance of key molecules controlling mitochondrial turnover were assessed in peripheral lung tissue from non-COPD patients (n = 6) and COPD patients (n = 11; GOLDII n = 4/11; GOLDIV n = 7/11) and in both undifferentiated and differentiated human primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) from non-COPD patients and COPD patients (n = 4–7 patients/group). We observed significantly decreased transcript levels of key molecules controlling mitochondrial biogenesis (PPARGC1B, PPRC1, PPARD) in peripheral lung tissue from severe COPD patients. Interestingly, mRNA levels of the transcription factor TFAM (mitochondrial biogenesis) and BNIP3L (mitophagy) were increased in these patients. In general, these alterations were not recapitulated in undifferentiated and differentiated PBECs with the exception of decreased PPARGC1B expression in both PBEC models. Although these findings provide valuable insight in these pathways in bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral lung tissue of COPD patients, whether or not these alterations contribute to COPD pathogenesis, underlie changes in mitochondrial function or may represent compensatory mechanisms remains to be established.
A rapid evaluation method of blasting effect based on optimized image segmentation algorithm and application in engineering
Authors: He Peng , Xu Yifan , Jiang Feng , Wang Gang , Xiao Zhiyong , Zheng Chengcheng
Published: February 2024

To quickly determine the blasting block degree and conduct an accurate and objective analysis of the tunnel blasting effect, this study has enhanced and improved upon the traditional genetic algorithm and Otsu algorithm. It has combined it with the marking watershed method and utilized ground digital acquisition to capture images of blasting debris. These images are then used in our custom-developed blasting analysis software to calculate the blasting block degree distribution and provide a quantitative analysis of blasting block degree. The research results show that the optimized image segmentation algorithm effectively improves the traditional threshold segmentation method on the poor effect of segmentation of the edge of the adherent block or the direct application of the watershed segmentation of the over-segmentation problem, to improve the segmentation accuracy based on the new segmentation technology is close to the traditional technology in terms of time. Through the self-developed software, the construction personnel in the project site to quickly obtain the blasting block degree histogram, block degree cumulative curve and other important indicators of the evaluation of the effect of blasting block degree, to provide data support for on-site construction, to assist in the modification of the blasting program, and to improve the efficiency of construction. This study realizes the rapid detection and block identification of blasting blocks, provides data support for the optimization of blasting parameters, and has good application and promotion value.
Towards unlocking motor control in spinal cord injured by applying an online EEG-based framework to decode motor intention, trajectory and error processing
Authors: Mondini Valeria , Sburlea Andreea-Ioana , Müller-Putz Gernot R.
Published: February 2024

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can translate brain signals directly into commands for external devices. Electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCIs mostly rely on the classification of discrete mental states, leading to unintuitive control. The ERC-funded project "Feel Your Reach" aimed to establish a novel framework based on continuous decoding of hand/arm movement intention, for a more natural and intuitive control. Over the years, we investigated various aspects of natural control, however, the individual components had not yet been integrated. Here, we present a first implementation of the framework in a comprehensive online study, combining (i) goal-directed movement intention, (ii) trajectory decoding, and (iii) error processing in a unique closed-loop control paradigm. Testing involved twelve able-bodied volunteers, performing attempted movements, and one spinal cord injured (SCI) participant. Similar movement-related cortical potentials and error potentials to previous studies were revealed, and the attempted movement trajectories were overall reconstructed. Source analysis confirmed the involvement of sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas for goal-directed movement intention and trajectory decoding. The increased experiment complexity and duration led to a decreased performance than each single BCI. Nevertheless, the study contributes to understanding natural motor control, providing insights for more intuitive strategies for individuals with motor impairments.
Hybrid multimodule DC–DC converters accelerated by wide bandgap devices for electric vehicle systems
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Rehman Saif ur , Alsaif Faisal , Rauf Shoaib , Hossain Ismail , Pushkarna Mukesh , Gebru Fsaha Mebrahtu
Published: February 2024

In response to the growing demand for fast-charging electric vehicles (EVs), this study presents a novel hybrid multimodule DC–DC converter based on the dual-active bridge (DAB) topology. The converter comprises eight modules divided into two groups: four Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules and four Metal–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MESFET) modules. The former handles high power with a low switching frequency, while the latter caters to lower power with a high switching frequency. This configuration leverages the strengths of both types of semiconductors, enhancing the converter’s power efficiency and density. To investigate the converter’s performance, a small-signal model is developed, alongside a control strategy to ensure uniform power sharing among the modules. The model is evaluated through simulation using MATLAB, which confirms the uniformity of the charging current provided to EV batteries. The results show an impressive power efficiency of 99.25% and a power density of 10.99 kW/L, achieved through the utilization of fast-switching MESFETs and the DAB topology. This research suggests that the hybrid multimodule DC–DC converter is a promising solution for fast-charging EVs, providing high efficiency, power density, and switching speed. Future studies could explore the incorporation of advanced wide bandgap devices to handle even larger power fractions.
Centrality angle is a novel nephrometry score to predict tumor complexity and perioperative outcomes for partial nephrectomy
Authors: Miyamoto Shunsuke , Goto Keisuke , Tasaka Ryo , Kohada Yuki , Fukushima Takafumi , Takemoto Kenshiro , Babasaki Takashi , Kobatake Kohei , Sekino Yohei , Kitano Hiroyuki , Ikeda Kenichiro , Hieda Keisuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Hinata Nobuyuki
Published: February 2024

To propose the centrality angle (C-angle) as a novel simple nephrometry score for the evaluation of tumor complexity and prediction of perioperative outcomes in nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) for renal tumors. The analysis was based on 174 patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy retrospectively. C-angle was defined as the angle occupied by the tumor from the center of the kidney in the coronal CT images. Other nephrometry scores were calculated and compared with C-angle. Associations between C-angle and perioperative outcomes were examined. Significant differences were found in C-angle between tumors greater and less than 4 cm, exophytic and endophytic tumors, and hilar and non-hilar tumors. C-angle was correlated with other nephrometry scores, including RENAL, PADUA, and C-index. Significant positive correlations with WIT, operation time, and EBL, and significant negative correlations with preserved eGFR. C-angle could predict perioperative complications. Patients with a C-angle > 45° had worse perioperative outcomes, including longer operative time, longer WIT, lower rate of preserved eGFR, and complications. C-angle can be used to evaluate the complexity of renal tumors and predict perioperative outcomes. C-angle can potentially be used for decision-making in the treatment of patients and to guide surgical planning of NSS.
Mortality after major bleeding in Asian atrial fibrillation patients receiving different direct oral anticoagulants: a nationwide, propensity score study
Authors: Yu Jiun-Hao , Li Pei-Ru , Chen Dong-Yi , Huang Wen-Kuan , See Lai-Chu
Published: February 2024

In this research, we assessed mortality after major bleeding events in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients taking four direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Drawing data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2016 and 2019, we focused on AF patients on DOACs who had major bleeding episodes. Using propensity score stabilized weighting, we established four comparable pseudo-DOAC groups. Among 2770 patients (460 dabigatran, 1322 rivaroxaban, 548 apixaban, 440 edoxaban), 85.3% were prescribed low-dose regimens. The 7-day mortality rate was 9.0%, surging to 16.0% by the 30th day. Compared with dabigatran, there was a distinct divergence in 7-day mortality of factor Xa inhibitors (p = 0.012), with hazard ratios of 1.83 (95% CI 1.11–3.00, p = 0.017) for rivaroxaban, 2.13 (95% CI 1.23–3.66, p = 0.007) for apixaban, and 2.41 (95% CI 1.39–4.19, p = 0.002) for edoxaban. This pattern remained consistent when analyzing the subgroup that received lower dosages of DOACs. In conclusion, factor Xa inhibitors were associated with a significantly higher risk of 7-day mortality following major bleeding events than dabigatran among AF patients.
Development and research of a SS-level universal double-beam assembled bridge barrier
Authors: Bu Qianmiao , Ning Xinpeng , Zhang Wen , Ma Lei
Published: February 2024

A wide variety of bridge barriers are used on highways. The bearing capacities of different types of deck slabs are measured in this study by applying the yield line theory to determine the worst-case scenario. An improved configuration for the worst-case barrier base and deck slab is developed, namely the universal double-beam assembled bridge barrier, which can enhance the safety performance of exiting concrete-base bridge barriers. According to the simulated impact test results, the new barrier meets SS-level requirements in terms of containment, redirective, and buffering performance as specified in the Standard for Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Barriers (JTG B05-01-2013). The barrier structure’s compatibility with various bases is also analyzed. SS-level impact tests are conducted on real vehicles, including cars, buss, and trucks. The results show that the safety performance of the new barrier configuration reaches SS-level, and the barrier is universally compatible with concrete bases with a height of 63 cm and above.
Neuroimaging findings in children with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Safadieh Ghida Hasan , El Majzoub Rania , Abou Abbas Linda
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals differently, and there's been a growing body of evidence pointing to neurological complications caused by the virus. However, our understanding of the range of neurological issues linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the abnormal neuroimaging findings in pediatric COVID-19 patients, shedding light on this crucial aspect of the disease's impact on children. We conducted an extensive search in the PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect databases for observational studies reporting neuroimaging findings of the brain and spinal cord in children with COVID-19 between December 1, 2019, and October 30, 2021. Grey literature sources, including medRxiv and Google Scholar, were also explored. Pooled proportions of abnormal neuroimaging findings, categorized into neurovascular findings, ADEM-like lesions, encephalitic pattern, myelitis, transient splenial lesions, and other anomalies, were calculated using a random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 statistic for pooled proportions and the inconsistency index I2. The Quality of the studies was evaluated using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool and the adapted Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Our search yielded 9,605 articles, with 96 studies (involving 327 pediatric patients) included in the qualitative analysis. Of these, five reports (encompassing 111 patients) underwent quantitative analysis. The pooled proportion of pediatric COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms and exhibiting abnormal neuroimaging findings was 43.74%. These findings were further categorized into neurovascular findings (8.22%), ADEM-like lesions (7.69%), encephalitic pattern (13.95%), myelitis (4.60%), transient splenial lesions (16.26%), and other abnormalities (12.03%). Insignificant between-study heterogeneity was observed in all categories, and our analysis did not reveal significant publication bias. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of pediatric COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms have abnormal neuroimaging findings, underscoring the need for vigilant monitoring of neurological complications in this vulnerable population. Standardized reporting and long-term follow-up studies are essential to fully understand the implications of these findings. Collaborative research efforts will deepen our understanding of COVID-19's neurological dimensions in children and enhance clinical care for this population.
Deep-learning image analysis for high-throughput screening of opsono-phagocytosis-promoting monoclonal antibodies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Vacca Fabiola , Cardamone Dario , Andreano Emanuele , Medini Duccio , Rappuoli Rino , Sala Claudia
Published: February 2024

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is nowadays a global health concern as bacterial pathogens are increasingly developing resistance to antibiotics. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a powerful tool for addressing AMR thanks to their high specificity for pathogenic bacteria which allows sparing the microbiota, kill bacteria through complement deposition, enhance phagocytosis or inhibit bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. Here we describe a visual opsono-phagocytosis assay which relies on confocal microscopy to measure the impact of mAbs on phagocytosis of the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae by macrophages. With respect to traditional CFU-based assays, generated images can be automatically analysed by convolutional neural networks. Our results demonstrate that confocal microscopy and deep learning-based analysis allow screening for phagocytosis-promoting mAbs against N. gonorrhoeae, even when mAbs are not purified and are expressed at low concentration. Ultimately, the flexibility of the staining protocol and of the deep-learning approach make the assay suitable for other bacterial species and cell lines where mAb activity needs to be investigated.
Exploring the impact of defect energy levels in CdTe/Si dual-junction solar cells using wxAMPS
Authors: Isah Mustapha , Doroody Camellia , Rahman Kazi Sajedur , Rahman Mohd Nazri Abd , Goje Adamu Ahmed , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Kiong Tiong Sieh , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Zuhdi Ahmad Wafi Mahmood
Published: February 2024

A numerical analysis of a CdTe/Si dual-junction solar cell in terms of defect density introduced at various defect energy levels in the absorber layer is provided. The impact of defect concentration is analyzed against the thickness of the CdTe layer, and variation of the top and bottom cell bandgaps is studied. The results show that CdTe thin film with defects density between 1014 and 1015 cm−3 is acceptable for the top cell of the designed dual-junction solar cell. The variations of the defect concentrations against the thickness of the CdTe layer indicate that the open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, and efficiency (ƞ) are more affected by the defect density at higher CdTe thickness. In contrast, the Fill factor is mainly affected by the defect density, regardless of the thin film’s thickness. An acceptable defect density of up to 1015 cm−3 at a CdTe thickness of 300 nm was obtained from this work. The bandgap variation shows optimal results for a CdTe with bandgaps ranging from 1.45 to 1.7 eV in tandem with a Si bandgap of about 1.1 eV. This study highlights the significance of tailoring defect density at different energy levels to realize viable CdTe/Si dual junction tandem solar cells. It also demonstrates how the impact of defect concentration changes with the thickness of the solar cell absorber layer.
Electric field tunable bandgap in twisted double trilayer graphene
Authors: Perrin Mickael L. , Jayaraj Anooja , Ghawri Bhaskar , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Passerone Daniele , Calame Michel , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2024

Twisted van der Waals heterostructures have recently emerged as a versatile platform for engineering interaction-driven, topological phenomena with a high degree of control and tunability. Since the initial discovery of correlated phases in twisted bilayer graphene, a wide range of moiré materials have emerged with fascinating electronic properties. While the field of twistronics has rapidly evolved and now includes a range of multi-layered systems, moiré systems comprised of double trilayer graphene remain elusive. Here, we report electrical transport measurements combined with tight-binding calculations in twisted double trilayer graphene (TDTLG). We demonstrate that small-angle TDTLG (~1.7−2.0∘) exhibits an intrinsic bandgap at the charge neutrality point. Moreover, by tuning the displacement field, we observe a continuous insulator-semimetal-insulator transition at the CNP, which is also captured by tight-binding calculations. These results establish TDTLG systems as a highly tunable platform for further exploration of magneto-transport and optoelectronic properties.
Understanding inherent influencing factors to digital health adoption in general practices through a mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Weik Lisa , Fehring Leonard , Mortsiefer Achim , Meister Sven
Published: February 2024

Extensive research has shown the potential value of digital health solutions and highlighted the importance of clinicians’ adoption. As general practitioners (GPs) are patients’ first point of contact, understanding influencing factors to their digital health adoption is especially important to derive personalized practical recommendations. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study broadly identifies adoption barriers and potential improvement strategies in general practices, including the impact of GPs’ inherent characteristics – especially their personality – on digital health adoption. Results of our online survey with 216 GPs reveal moderate overall barriers on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with required workflow adjustments (M = 4.13, SD = 0.93), inadequate reimbursement (M = 4.02, SD = 1.02), and high training effort (M = 3.87, SD = 1.01) as substantial barriers. Improvement strategies are considered important overall, with respondents especially wishing for improved interoperability (M = 4.38, SD = 0.81), continued technical support (M = 4.33, SD = 0.91), and improved usability (M = 4.20, SD = 0.88). In our regression model, practice-related characteristics, the expected future digital health usage, GPs’ digital affinity, several personality traits, and digital maturity are significant predictors of the perceived strength of barriers. For the perceived importance of improvement strategies, only demographics and usage-related variables are significant predictors. This study provides strong evidence for the impact of GPs’ inherent characteristics on barriers and improvement strategies. Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive approaches integrating personal and emotional elements to make digitization in practices more engaging, tangible, and applicable.
Dual-controlled guest release from coordination cages
Authors: Yao Yuqing , Shao Chengyuan , Wang Shuwei , Gong Qiufang , Liu Jia , Jiang Hua , Wang Ying
Published: February 2024

Despite having significant applications in the construction of controlled delivery systems with high anti-interference capability, to our knowledge dual-controlled molecular release has not yet been achieved based on small molecular/supramolecular entities. Herein, we report a dual-controlled release system based on coordination cages, for which releasing the guest from the cage demands synchronously altering the coordinative metal cations and the solvent. The cages, Hg5L2 and Ag5L2, are constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly of a corannulene-based ligand. While Hg5L2 shows a solvent-independent guest encapsulation in all the studied solvents, Ag5L2 is able to encapsulate the guests in only some of the solvents, such as acetone-d6, but will liberate the encapsulated guests in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2. Hg5L2 and Ag5L2 are interconvertible. Thus, the release of guests from Hg5L2 in acetone-d6 can be achieved, but requires two separate operations, including metal substitutions and a change of the solvent. Dual-controlled systems as such could be useful in complicated molecular release process to avoid those undesired stimulus-responses.
A homoeostatic switch causing glycerol-3-phosphate and phosphoethanolamine accumulation triggers senescence by rewiring lipid metabolism
Authors: Tighanimine Khaled , Nabuco Leva Ferreira Freitas José Américo , Nemazanyy Ivan , Bankolé Alexia , Benarroch-Popivker Delphine , Brodesser Susanne , Doré Gregory , Robinson Lucas , Benit Paule , Ladraa Sophia , Saada Yara Bou , Friguet Bertrand , Bertolino Philippe , Bernard David , Canaud Guillaume , Rustin Pierre , Gilson Eric , Bischof Oliver , Fumagalli Stefano , Pende Mario
Published: February 2024

Cellular senescence affects many physiological and pathological processes and is characterized by durable cell cycle arrest, an inflammatory secretory phenotype and metabolic reprogramming. Here, by using dynamic transcriptome and metabolome profiling in human fibroblasts with different subtypes of senescence, we show that a homoeostatic switch that results in glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) accumulation links lipid metabolism to the senescence gene expression programme. Mechanistically, p53-dependent glycerol kinase activation and post-translational inactivation of phosphate cytidylyltransferase 2, ethanolamine regulate this metabolic switch, which promotes triglyceride accumulation in lipid droplets and induces the senescence gene expression programme. Conversely, G3P phosphatase and ethanolamine-phosphate phospho-lyase-based scavenging of G3P and pEtN acts in a senomorphic way by reducing G3P and pEtN accumulation. Collectively, our study ties G3P and pEtN accumulation to controlling lipid droplet biogenesis and phospholipid flux in senescent cells, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for targeting senescence and related pathophysiology.
The role of informal ruralization within China’s rapid urbanization
Authors: Wang Hanxi
Published: February 2024

In China’s rapidly urbanizing cities, chengshi kaihuang (CK), an informal practice of urban agriculture, has been quietly encroaching into neglected urban spaces for the cultivation of vegetables. China’s unprecedented transformation from an agrarian nation to a nation of megacities over the past four decades has relied massively upon the incorporation of rural land and people in the construction and operation of its cities. Yet, while some scholars have begun to unpack the complex agency of rural bodies in China’s urban environments, the rural is generally understood to be residual or obsolete against the overwhelming, top-down power of urbanization. Here we propose, through a remote sensing study of the practice, CK as an example of the bottom-up, ruralizing agency of ordinary people within China’s rapid urbanization and present data on the spatial impact of CK’s ruralization upon the central urban districts of Wuhan, a Chinese megacity.
Improved gene therapy for spinal muscular atrophy in mice using codon-optimized hSMN1 transgene and hSMN1 gene-derived promotor
Authors: Xie Qing , Chen Xiupeng , Ma Hong , Zhu Yunxiang , Ma Yijie , Jalinous Leila , Cox Gerald F , Weaver Fiona , Yang Jun , Kennedy Zachary , Gruntman Alisha , Du Ailing , Su Qin , He Ran , Tai Phillip WL , Gao Guangping , Xie Jun
Published: February 2024

Physiological regulation of transgene expression is a major challenge in gene therapy. Onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma®) is an approved adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector gene therapy for infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), however, adverse events have been observed in both animals and patients following treatment. The construct contains a native human survival motor neuron 1 (hSMN1) transgene driven by a strong, cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β-actin (CMVen/CB) promoter providing high, ubiquitous tissue expression of SMN. We developed a second-generation AAV9 gene therapy expressing a codon-optimized hSMN1 transgene driven by a promoter derived from the native hSMN1 gene. This vector restored SMN expression close to physiological levels in the central nervous system and major systemic organs of a severe SMA mouse model. In a head-to-head comparison between the second-generation vector and a benchmark vector, identical in design to onasemnogene abeparvovec, the 2nd-generation vector showed better safety and improved efficacy in SMA mouse model.
Bacterial efflux pumps excrete SYTO™ dyes and lead to false-negative staining results
Authors: Minero Gabriel Antonio Salvador , Larsen Peter Bundgaard , Hoppe Marie Eline , Meyer Rikke Louise
Published: February 2024

Multidrug efflux pumps remove a range of fluorescent SYTO stains from bacterial cells.
From a humorous post to a detailed quantum-chemical study: isocyanate synthesis revisited
Authors: Beletsan Oleg B. , Gordiy Igor , Lunkov Sergey S. , Kalinin Mikhail A. , Alkhimova Larisa E. , Nosach Egor A. , Ilin Egor A. , Bespalov Alexandr V. , Dallakyan Olgert L. , Chamkin Aleksandr A. , Prolomov Ilya V. , Zaripov Radion A. , Pershin Andrey A. , Protsenko Bogdan O. , Rusalev Yury V. , Oganov Ruslan A. , Kovaleva Diana K. , Mironov Vladimir A. , Dotsenko Victor V. , Genaev Alexandr M. , Sharapa Dmitry I. , Tikhonov Denis S.
Published: February 2024

Starting from a joke in a social network, we performed a theoretical investigation of the mechanism for the catalytic formation of isocyanates.
Li-ion intercalation-driven control of two-dimensional magnetism in van der Waals FePS3 bilayers
Authors: Chen Dong , Wang Chunlei , Peng Chengxiao
Published: February 2024

Manipulating two-dimensional (2D) magnetism in layered van der Waals (vdW) materials FePS3 (FPS), with its wide-ranging applications in flexible spintronic devices, poses a persistent challenge.
A first-principles exploration of the conformational space of sodiated di-saccharides assisted by semi-empirical methods and neural network potentials
Authors: Phan Huu Trong , Tsou Pei-Kang , Hsu Po-Jen , Kuo Jer-Lai
Published: February 2024

An NNP created by active learning explored conformations of sodiated glucose disaccharides; the resulting database of local minima enables simulations of infrared spectra or collision cross sections for ion mobility spectrometry.
Impact of long-range attraction on desorption kinetics
Authors: Schneider Florian , Höltkemeier Lukas , Floris Andrea , Kantorovich Lev , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika
Published: February 2024

Isothermal desorption of molecules from a surface exhibits two distinctly different desorption regimes. A long-range attraction is a plausible explanation for the existence of these two regimes.
Thermal controlled multi-functional metasurface for freely switching of absorption, reflection, and transmission
Authors: Ding Zhipeng , Su Wei , Ye Lipengan , Zhou Yuanhang , Li Wenlong , Zou Jianfei , Tang Bin , Yao Hongbing
Published: February 2024

This study introduces a multi-functional metasurface enables real-time control over the transmission, absorption, and reflection of electromagnetic waves as necessitated.
Vertical growth of a 3D Ni–Co-LDH/N-doped graphene aerogel: a cost-effective and high-performance sulfur host for Li–S batteries
Authors: Samawi Khalida Abaid , Mohammed Bassam A. , Salman Ekhlas Abd-Alkuder , Mahmoud HassabAlla M. A. , Sameen Aws Zuhair , Mohealdeen Sura Mohammad , Abdulkareem-Alsultan G. , Nassar Maadh Fawzi
Published: February 2024

3D Ni–Co-LDH NTA/NGS electrode enhances Li–S battery performance with superior cyclability, rate efficiency, and areal capacity. Defect engineering boosts adsorption and catalysis for improved battery performance.
Exploring the fluorescence properties of tellurium-containing molecules and their advanced applications
Authors: Singh Avtar , Dhau Jaspreet , Kumar Rajeev , Badru Rahul , Kaushik Ajeet
Published: February 2024

Fluorescence exploration of organochalcogen molecules, emphasizing tellurium (Te) presented; discussed organotellurium probes for ROS, biological molecules, and metal ions detection.
Substituent effects on the selectivity of ambimodal [6+4]/[4+2] cycloaddition
Authors: Gu Wenhao , Zhang John Z.H.
Published: February 2024

The substituent effect on the selectivity of the ambimodal [6+4]/[4+2] cycloaddition was investigated via a density functional theory and molecular dynamics study.
Organoboron-mediated polymerizations
Authors: Zhang Yao-Yao , Yang Guan-Wen , Lu Chenjie , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Wang Yuhui , Wu Guang-Peng
Published: February 2024

This review provides a comprehensive summary of organoboron-mediated free radical polymerization, Lewis pair polymerization, ionic polymerization, and polyhomologation, laying the groundwork for further establishment of polymerization methods.
Flexible molecular crystals for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Wei Chuanxin , Li Liang , Zheng Yingying , Wang Lizhi , Ma Jingyao , Xu Man , Lin Jinyi , Xie Linghai , Naumov Panče , Ding Xuehua , Feng Quanyou , Huang Wei
Published: February 2024

This review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of the current flexible molecular crystals, specifically concerning their mechanical properties and optoelectronic performance, intending to advance their flexible optoelectronic applications.
Recent advances in Rh(i)-catalyzed enantioselective C–H functionalization
Authors: Zhang Yue , Zhang Jing-Jing , Lou Lujun , Lin Ruofan , Cramer Nicolai , Wang Shou-Guo , Chen Zhen
Published: February 2024

This review aims to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date summary of recent advances in Rh(i)-catalyzed enantioselective C−H functionalization highlighting diverse reaction development, chiral ligand design and mechanistic investigation.
Boosting photocatalytic hydrogen production of CdS/BiVO4 nanoplates by transferring in-plane plasmon resonant energy of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Ming-Han , Takahashi Yukina
Published: February 2024

The in-plane plasmon resonant energy transfer (PRET) effect from gold significantly boosts the hydrogen evolution of the Z-scheme CdS/BiVO4 photocatalyst.
Tailoring a multi-system adaptable gel polymer electrolyte for the realization of carbonate ester and ether-based Li-SPAN batteries
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Zhaokun , Pan Yanrui , Yu Hao , Li Zuohang , Li Chen , Wang Su , Ma Yue , Shi Xixi , Zhang Hongzhou , Song Dawei , Zhang Lianqi
Published: February 2024

The development of PFGPE is conducive to achieving excellent performance for carbonate ester and ether based Li-SPAN batteries.
The roles of different Bacteroides uniformis strains in alleviating DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and related functional genes
Authors: Wang Chen , Guo Hang , Bai Junying , Yu Leilei , Tian Fengwei , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Zhai Qixiao
Published: February 2024

Bacteroides is a common intestinal bacterium closely associated with host colitis.
A CDAHFD-induced mouse model mimicking human NASH in the metabolism of hepatic phosphatidylcholines and acyl carnitines
Authors: Yang Jie , Dai Manyun , Wang Ying , Yan Zheng , Mao Shuqi , Liu Aiming , Lu Caide
Published: February 2024

Lipidomics reavealed the differences of lipid signitures in NASH models induced by the MCD and CDAHFD in mice. The hepatic PCs, ACs and their metabolism in CDAHFD-treated mice were down-regulated, mimicking the human NASH.
Structure and immunostimulatory activity studies on two novel Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides: revealing potential impacts of →6)-α-d-Glcp(1→ on the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhang Jingsi , Wang Yifan , Hu Qiuhui , Zhao Ruiqiu , Zhong Lei , Zhan Qiping , Zhao Liyan
Published: February 2024

The structure and immunostimulatory activity of two novel Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) polysaccharides were studied.
A 60-times faster digital-discovery-compatible reaction setup with enhanced safety for chemical applications
Authors: Lebedev Andrey N. , Rodygin Konstantin S. , Vakhrusheva Svetlana A. , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: February 2024

Encapsulation of hygroscopic, toxic, flammable chemicals in 3D-printed capsules accelerated reaction optimization by a factor of 60 while improving the operator safety. The capsules were compatible with organic transformations and provided good yields.
Constructing robust and recyclable self-powered polysaccharide-based hydrogels by adjusting Zn2+/Li+ bimetallic networks
Authors: Zhou Qi , Yang Weijun , Lu Shengxu , Puglia Debora , Gao Daqian , Xu Pengwu , Huang Yunpeng , Liu Tianxi , Wu Li , Huang Chenjing , Ma Piming
Published: February 2024

Self-powered polysaccharide-based hydrogels function as recyclable electrolytes and flexible sensing materials.
Solvent-triggered directional lignin valorization towards monomeric acetals or lignin polyols
Authors: Sun Xinyue , Ni Junjie , Lou Yuhan , Zhao Peng , Yu Yanyan , Li Yilin , Tang Qi , Yu Haipeng , Liu Yongzhuang
Published: February 2024

The design of biphasic DES systems facilitates the targeted conversion of lignin into valuable monomeric acetals or lignin polyols, thereby enabling the directional valorization of lignin.
Chitosan–saccharide conjugates for eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Authors: Sahariah Priyanka , Papi Francesco , Merz Koi L. , Sigurjonsson Olafur E. , Meyer Rikke Loiuse , Nativi Cristina
Published: February 2024

The problem of antibiotic resistance has raised serious concerns globally. Herein, we report the synthesis of new chitosan-saccharide conjugates to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers with high mechanical properties and ionic conductivity for multifunctional sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Ou Fangyan , Xie Ting , Li Xinze , Zhang Zhichao , Ning Chuang , Tuo Liang , Pan Wenyu , Wang Changsheng , Duan Xueying , Liang Qihua , Gao Wei , Li Zequan , Zhao Shuangliang
Published: February 2024

A healing liquid-free polyurethane-based ionic conductive elastomer (SS50DA50–LiTFSI80%) with high mechanical properties and ionic conductivity was synthesized by combining double dynamic covalent bonding and non-covalent interactions.
Photocatalytic evaluation of CuO and ZnO crystallites synthesized hydrothermally using binary eugenol/iso-eugenol mixtures: isomer effects on the capping propensity of biogenic agents
Authors: Jan Tabee , Raheem Shabnam , Sawant S. V. , Manolikar T. V. , Sakate S. S. , Pardeshi S. K. , Jagtap R. M. , Rizvi Masood Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Isomer effects on the capping propensity of biogenic agents used in nanomaterial synthesis.
The insect microbiome is a vast source of bioactive small molecules
Authors: Grundmann Carlismari Oliveira , Guzman Juan , Vilcinskas Andreas , Pupo Mônica Tallarico
Published: February 2024

Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with insects have been studied over the last sixty years and found to be important sources of bioactive natural products.