bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blunt Abdominal Injury
Authors: B. Mehanathan Pabithadevi , Metha Subash , Jeyapaul Athisayamani , Pa Reesha
Published: July 2021

Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of mortality. Blunt injury to the abdomen contributes to mortality second to head injury. The mechanism of injury in road traffic accidents is due to blunt force created by collision between the patient and the external forces and acceleration and deceleration forces acting on the person’s internal forces. The common solid organs involved in blunt abdominal trauma are the spleen, liver, and kidney. Mesenteric tears and isolated small bowel injuries can also occur. A high degree of suspicion and watchfulness, regular examination, imaging, and investigations are needed to diagnose blunt abdominal injury. The eFAST exam is an emergency screening tool used to diagnose intra-abdominal injuries in emergency departments. Treatment for these injuries depends on hemodynamic status, whether stable or unstable. Hemodynamically unstable patients with a positive eFAST exam will be taken up for emergency exploration, while stable patients will undergo further imaging and investigation to plan management. This chapter discusses the grades of injuries in the spleen, liver, mesentery, and retroperitoneum. It also discusses the various diagnostic and treatment modalities available and when and where to use them. This chapter is useful for surgical postgraduates, aspiring surgeons, and trauma surgeons.
Structure, Processes and Results in Healthcare System in Slovenia
Authors: Prevolnik Rupel Valentina , Marušič Dorjan
Published: July 2021

Achieving high quality in the provision of healthcare services represents a basic factor in meeting the healthcare needs of the individuals. Accessibility to health services in Slovenia over the last two decades has been presented according to some of the core values of quality and safety: performance, quality and patient-centeredness. The focus of the chapter is on three pillars of health system quality: structure, processes, and outcomes. In each part, we presented the standard practice and state of the art, but also the main achievements in the last decade. In the structural part, we highlight the investment in equipment and human resources and in the process part, the role of the primary level as a gatekeeper with the secondary and tertiary level. The results section concentrates on the measurement of the results in healthcare; the use of quality indicators and PROMs is discussed, the role of quality strategy and health technology assessment in the Slovenian healthcare system is presented.
Conducting Polymer-Based Emissive Layer on Efficiency of OLEDs
Authors: Nayak Debashish , Bilash Choudhary Ram
Published: July 2021

Many changes have arisen in the world of display technologies as time has passed. In the vast area of display technology, Organic light-emitting diode is a recent and exciting discovery. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have received a lot of curiosity among the researcher in recent years as the next generation of lighting and displays due to their numerous advantages, such as superior efficiency, mechanical flexibility and stability, chemical versatility, ease of fabrication, and so on. It works on the theory of electroluminescence, which is a mechanism in which electrical energy converts to light energy. Organic LEDs have a thickness of 100 to 500 nanometers or 200 times that of human hair. In OLEDs, organic material can be used in two or three layers. The emissive layer plays a key role in OLEDs. Polymers are used in the emissive layer to enhance the efficiency of OLEDs at the same time self-luminescence materials are used in OLEDs. In displays, this self-illuminating property removes the need for backlighting. Compared to LEDs and LCDs, OLED displays are smaller, lighter, and more portable.
Fuzzy Logic Expert System for Health Condition Assessment of Power Transformers
Authors: Manoj Teruvai , Ranga Chilaka
Published: July 2021

In the present chapter, a new fuzzy logic (FL) model is proposed to evaluate the overall health index (OHI) of power transformers. The most significant attributes such as dissolved gases, acidity, 2-furfuraldehyde, water content, breakdown voltage and dissipation factor that influence the health condition of transformers solid and liquid insulations are considered. These attributes are further divided into three different sets. Based on these sets, three different sub fuzzy models i.e. F1, F2 and F3 are designed in order to reduce the possible combinations of fuzzy rules. It results in reducing the complexity issues of the proposed OHI model. In addition, consideration of all significant testing parameters makes the model more reliable and accurate. Further, the proposed fuzzy model helps in initiating appropriate and early action on faulty conditions of the transformers. Conventional fuzzy logic models generally utilize large number of inputs and more number of rules in a single fuzzy model. It makes the models complex and inaccurate. Such shortcomings of existing conventional models are successfully overcame by the present proposed model. Furthermore, the results obtained from the proposed model are compared with the results obtained from expert model proposed by Abu-Elanien et al. This comparison ensures the reliability of the proposed method. Also, it is envisioned that the proposed model can be easily implemented by both the experienced and the inexperienced utility managers.
A Review of Floral Color Signals and Their Heliconiid Butterfly Receivers
Authors: Maharaj Gyanpriya , Bourne Godfrey , Ansari Abdullah
Published: July 2021

Signals vary in type and function. However, regardless of the signal, effective transmission and receiver detection are needed to exist for communication. This chapter focuses on a review of visual color signals used by plants to attract pollinators. Signal detection work has intensely focused on epigamic signals; therefore, this review adds to the body of knowledge on nonsexual signal communication. In this review, we investigate visual signals as it relates to pollinators. We focus specifically on visual color signals used by Angiosperms flowers, both static and dynamic, and look at their Heliconiid pollinators as these butterflies provide a perfect organism for studies on floral signal use and pollinators’ behavior. We noted that many of these butterflies have three specifically distinct rhodopsins used to identify food and oviposition sites and some have more due to selective pressures of conspecific and mate identification as such they have served as the focal organisms of numerous genetic and ecological studies as they use color signaling in all aspects of their lives. This review further shows that although their color preferences related to feeding, ovipositing, and mate selection have been demonstrated in countless studies, there are gaps in invertebrate literature, as research on the relationships among signal use, evolution, dynamic signals, effects of signals changes on decision making and thus behavior have not been carried out to a large extent.
A Method for Small Number of Human Sperm Cryopreservation
Authors: Niu Xiangli , Huang Hua , Mo Yi , Sun Yan , Wang Wei-Hua
Published: July 2021

Recently, some sperm vitrification devices were developed to simplify the procedures to freeze small number of human sperm. In the present study, we used these devices to further examine some factors that affect sperm motility after fast freezing. Experiments were designed to examine the effects of 1) direct immersion of the devices to liquid nitrogen and indirect immersion of the devices to liquid nitrogen in which the devices were sealed in cryogenic storage vials; 2) different freezing volumes (1–5 μl); 3) different equilibration times (1–5 min); and 4) different ratio of freezing solution (0,1-5,1) on post thawing sperm motility. It was found that fast sperm freezing in the sealed vials had high post thawing sperm motility (91.3–93.7% of recovered sperm motility rates) while direct immersion of the devices to liquid nitrogen had 0% post thawing sperm motility. No differences in the recovered sperm motility rates were observed between different freezing solution volumes (87.4–90.5%), different equilibration times (89.5–94.0%), and different freezing solution ratios (90.8–94.6%). However, only 6.8% of recovered sperm motility rate was obtained if sperm were frozen in the medium without sperm freezing solution. These results indicate that human sperm can be rapidly frozen after the devices are sealed in the vials with different equilibration time in the medium containing sperm freezing solution. High post thawing sperm motility can be recovered with this method so that ~90% of sperm are usable after freezing.
A Modified Supervaluationist Framework for Decision-Making
Authors: Karge Jonas ,   Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch
Published: July 2021

How strongly an agent beliefs in a proposition can be represented by her degree of belief in that proposition. According to the orthodox Bayesian picture, an agent's degree of belief is best represented by a single probability function. On an alternative account, an agent’s beliefs are modeled based on a set of probability functions, called imprecise probabilities. Recently, however, imprecise probabilities have come under attack. Adam Elga claims that there is no adequate account of the way they can be manifested in decision-making. In response to Elga, more elaborate accounts of the imprecise framework have been developed. One of them is based on supervaluationism, originally, a semantic approach to vague predicates. Still, Seamus Bradley shows that some of those accounts that solve Elga’s problem, have a more severe defect: they undermine a central motivation for introducing imprecise probabilities in the first place. In this paper, I modify the supervaluationist approach in such a way that it accounts for both Elga’s and Bradley’s challenges to the imprecise framework.
A fresh start in ambersnail (Gastropoda: Succineidae) taxonomy: finding a foothold using a widespread species of Oxyloma
Authors: Perez Kathryn E. , Martinez Cruz Marco A. , Steury Brent W. , Barker Gary M.
Published: July 2021

The ambersnails (Succineidae), found nearly worldwide, are considered a very challenging group to classify and identify with even genus-level identifications requiring dissection. In this study, we use mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers, shell morphometrics, and anatomical dissection to examine fresh material collected from the type localities of two nominal species in Oxyloma (Neoxyloma). We conclude from these evidence that Oxyloma salleanum (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) and Oxyloma effusum (L. Pfeiffer, 1853) are conspecific, and accordingly reduce O. effusum to the status of junior synonymy. We present a redescription of O. salleanum.
Resenha de/Review of Didática e metodologia do ensino de filosofia no Ensino Médio
Authors: Gabriel Fábio Antonio , Pereira Ana Lúcia
Published: July 2021

Esta resenha objetiva apresentar uma análise da obra Didática e metodologia do ensino de filosofia no Ensino Médio de Ademir Aparecido Pinhelli Mendes. Trata-se de uma obra que se constitui de metodologias que são fruto de uma trajetória como professor de filosofia no Ensino Médio e também de uma experiência como pesquisador sobre ensino e metodologias do ensino de filosofia. Em sua obra, o autor apresenta uma pluralidade de análises didáticas a partir de diversos filósofos, não resumindo suas considerações a apenas uma vertente de pensamento metodológico. O leitor não encontrará na obra uma receita de como dar aula de filosofia, mas, sim, uma profunda problematização sobre o ensino de filosofia e as possibilidades de como ela poderá ser ensinada.
A comprehensive review of COVID-19 treatment
Authors: Afshar Zeinab , Babazadeh Arefeh , Javanian Mostafa , Barary Mohammad , Rekha Vasigala , Ebrahimpour Soheil
Published: July 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus strain that caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This novel coronavirus is an emerging global health threat. It caused approximately 140 million confirmed cases, with about 3 million deaths worldwide until April 18, 2021. Although there are two approved medications for this disease, remdesivir and dexamethasone, numerous studies are underway to investigate more therapeutic options. However, so far, most treatments have been supportive, and the clinical efficacy of the suggested drugs is still under consideration. The purpose of this review is to summarize the ongoing treatments, such as several antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and adjunctive medications, with the intent of serving as a clinical guide for the physician and a resource for further evaluations in various clinical trials.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in situs inversus totalis: A case report
Authors: Gelevski Radomir , Jota Gjorgji , Todorović Lazar , Trajkovski Gjorgji , Joksimović Vladimir , Trenčić Bojan
Published: July 2021

Situs inversus totalis represents a rare autosomal recessive morphological anomaly of the internal viscera, equally affecting both genders. The genetic defect occurs in the 2nd week of embryonic life, when a 270-degree clockwise rotation of the primitive digestive tube occurs. The incidence of calculosis of gallbladder in patients with situs inversus is the same as in the general population. A 61-year-old female patient with a history of four episodes of colicky, left hypochondrium and epigastric pain, without fever and jaundice, was admitted for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. CT of abdomen confirmed situs inversus totalis that was previously known to the patient. The patient was positioned in supine position and a mirror image configuration of the operating room was obtained, with surgeon and scrub nurse on the right side and assistant on the left side of the patient. Four trocars were introduced mirroring the standard position of the 5 mm trocars. During the dissection, second assistant was introduced for the laparoscope, due to the surgeon's limited motor skills in his left hand for delicate dissection, rendering him inapt to perform precise and safe dissection. The total operating time amounted to 110 minutes, which is three times longer than the standard operating time at our institution. The most critical point of the operation in constellation of situs inversus totalis is applying the clips, which requires precision and strength in the same moment. In the available literature, 40 open cholecystectomies before introduction of laparoscopy and 92 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were reported. To our knowledge, this is the first and the only reported laparoscopic cholecystectomy for situs inversus in North Macedonia.
The food import: International tourism nexus in Croatia: An application of the ARDL and NARDL approach and causality
Authors: Šergo Zdravko , Gržinić Jasmina
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between food import dependency and the international tourist arrivals in Croatia during the period spanning 1969-2018. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence on the above hypothesis by detecting the causality between foods imports represented as various food products and international tourism arrivals, that suit as a proxy for tourism consumption. The study method was able to capture symmetries in the relationship between some food import products and tourism, known as autoregressive-distributed lags, but not for all imported food items designed for this study. Since an asymmetric analysis, in such cases, requires the use of nonlinear models, we use nonlinear models and find evidence of asymmetric cointegration. For almost two decades before the global COVID-19 crisis, we conclude, Croatia's food imports grew rapidly, and these imports appear to be mainly driven by exports of services linked to pervasive tourism expansion.
Lending against warehouse receipts: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Kovačević Vlado , Janković Irena , Paraušić Vesna
Published: July 2021

The paper examines factors influencing development of the public warehouse system. Public warehouse system primary role is to provide stakeholders in agribusiness financing against stored commodity as collateral. Case study is conducted in Serbia. Interviews with banks, analyses of the public warehouse results, computational analyses and intensive literature research were conducted. Most important factors for lending against warehouse receipts from bankers' perspectives are guarantee system performances followed by efficient enforcement procedure, efficient public warehouse surveillance, favourable central bank's rating of warehouse receipts and subsidies. According to the results, Serbian public warehouse legal framework is properly established resulting in fast development of the public warehouse system in first years. After 2014 system deteriorated primarily due to the absence of inspection and Indemnity fund low guarantee performance. Lessons learned from Serbia point out that besides proper legal framework, implementation and favourable business environment are paramount for successful public warehouse system.
Writing about cities: Literary works of Bogdan Bogdanovic about cities and urbanism
Authors: Vuković Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Bogdanović was not only the leading architect of monuments in the former Yugoslavia, but also one of the country's most important writers. He is the author of 18 books and more than 500 articles, which have been translated into several languages. Most of them are dedicated to cities and urbanism, covering various aspects: the city in history, criticism of the modern city, utopia, death of the city etc. He created the term 'small urbanism' and published many articles on the problems of modern cities, which are today, nearly half a century later, still very topical (environment, migration, over-population). In the 1990s he was engaged in the campaign against the war in Yugoslavia and the 'ritual killing' of cities. It is also interesting to see Bogdanović's essays in the context of some contemporary theories on urban planning. Knowledge of the literary work of Bogdanović provides a better understanding of his personality, both as an architect and as an intellectual of the European status.
Bogdan Bogdanovic and the public space to enjoy solitude: Prilep, Travnik and Vukovar
Authors: Komac Urša , Guillén Pablo
Published: July 2021

We enjoyed the company of Bogdan Bogdanović a few times. He told us about his life and his work, among other things. This article is to a large extent a result of those pleasant meetings. Everyone needs to be alone from time to time; to be alone in the open air, away from their own private room and from the public street. And in the same way as two people can be alone in the same place without disturbing each other, the public space for being alone is not only a necessity but also a possibility. But all that is fairly fragile. It is difficult to design spaces for solitude, and it is particularly difficult to make them work. Sometimes, perhaps, the places preferred by people on their own are just a matter of chance. Moreover, they can easily disappear. Three of such spaces: so fragile and so fascinating, are the subject of this study. They are memorials for Prilep, Travnik and Vukovar, all works of Bogdan Bogdanović. Each of them is a drop of culture in a desert.
Constructive geometry education by contemporary technologies
Authors: Čučaković Aleksandar , Jović Biljana
Published: July 2021

Contemporary technological development (CAD/CAM/CAE, VR, AR, MR) made conventional methods of Descriptive and Constructive Geometry uncompleted. Application and use of new technologies in Constructive geometry requires educational process with the aim to have complete knowledge of all fields that belong to this area. The aspect and results research shows that knowledge acquired in this way by using new technology, develops students' skills that are very important in senior years of studies, particularly in the field of engineering design. Interactive dynamic 3D geometry could not be achieved by conventional ways of studying. The use of modern technology should enable expanding the fields of research as well as preservation of the theoretical knowledge of descriptive geometry.
Contingency of an architectural critical approach
Authors: Milenković Vladimir
Published: July 2021

Contemporariness of architecture can be interpreted in diverse ways. Starting from a basically formulated modern context, which is even nowadays understood as such, in which the limits of stability of the architectural profession are examined, our concern is the designer's intention to research within a wider cultural context. We are actually considering the capacities of the profession for continuous development of its own critical apparatus. Through the question of the relation between the general and the individual, followed by the question of integrity and proportion of architectural effect, but also by the role of media and digitalization of the world, in the focus of this text projected are the scenes of reality filled with the values of architecture willing to develop, within itself, the analytical and synthetic concepts relying on the contextual, but also on the own indetermination and instability regarding the concept of the space and time.
Architectural sustainability: A new inspiration
Authors: Achenza Maddalena
Published: July 2021

Sustainable building, use of local materials, responsible use of soils, re-use, adaptability to climate, are all concepts that became worldwide part of the vocabulary of contemporary architectural design since the energy expenditure in the construction sector has proved to be of such magnitude to be unsustainable in the medium and long term. Yet these are the basic concepts that have always been considered as being of vital importance in vernacular and spontaneous building throughout the world. The great variety of shapes, typologies and materials used were always the optimal response to local social-, weather-, religious conditions and example of essential and efficient use of resources. Buildings were, throughout history, mostly set according to three basic principles: climatic-environmental, socio-cultural and socio-economic. The specific local variations of each of the three principles have generated buildings able to fully respond to the identified needs. This contribution aims to highlight how the lessons taught by vernacular architecture can inspire contemporary architecture and how a reinterpretation of the vernacular heritage can become our challenge for the future.
A Call for a Critical–Historical Framework in Addressing the Mathematical Experiences of Black Teachers and Students
Authors: Joseph Nicole M. , Frank Toya Jones , Elliott Taqiyyah Y.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this commentary is to acknowledge, illuminate, and counter the noticeable silences in the investigations of mathematics education researchers who conduct equity research with Black communities and other marginalized groups. For far too long, these communities have experienced a lengthy and complicated history of structural barriers; epistemological, symbolic, and intellectual violence; dehumanization; and antiblackness in mathematics education research. We advance the Critical–Historical (CritHistory) framework, which is rooted in critical race theory (CRT) and further explicates CRT’s tenet of challenging ahistoricism. We discuss methodologies and implications, including example questions that could be posed, types and locations of archives that could be examined, and populations with whom oral histories could be conducted.
Zonal Distribution Cuts Cabling Cost
Authors: Hensler John M.
Published: July 2021

The architecture, conventionally implemented in marine installations, for the distribution of electrical power is the Radial scheme. In a Radial scheme, power is routed to each consumer directly from a centrally positioned source, such as a switchboard or an MCC. Since the consumers are dispersed in a large, highly complex, three dimensional environment, implementation of a Radial scheme results in many cables spanning over large distances of the ship. An alternative strategy is to introduce power into major portions of the vessel via a power bus and hang consumers locally from the bus. Such major portions of the vessel where the power bus brings power in, are termed “Zones”. The boundaries of the electrical Zones are defined such that they coincide with the fire-tight and watertight zonings, and also with the demarcation lines of construction modules. In the Zonal scheme, only the power bus needs to span the ship, while consumers in each Zone are fed radially in a localized environment and hence require only short cable runs, which also lend themselves well for pre-fit into each construction module.
GOALDS – Goal Based Damage Stability of Passenger Ships
Authors: Papanikolau Apostolos , Hamann Rainer , Lee Byung Suk , Mains Christian , Olufsen Odd , Tvedt Erik , Vassalos Dracos , Zaraphonitis George
Published: July 2021

The new probabilistic damaged stability regulations for dry cargo and passenger ships (SOLAS 2009), which entered into force on January 1, 2009, represent a major step forward in achieving an improved safety standard through the rationalization and harmonization of damaged stability requirements. There are, however, serious concerns regarding the adopted formulation for the calculation of the survival probability of passenger ships and the associated required subdivision indices, particularly for RoPax and large cruise ships. The present paper outlines the objectives, the methodology of work and main results of the EU-funded FP7 project GOALDS (Goal Based Damage Stability, 2009-2012), which aims to address the above shortcomings by formulating a new rational, goalbased regulatory framework, properly accounting for the damage stability properties of passenger ships and the risk to people onboard.
Predicting and Controlling Noise Aboard Aircraft Carriers during Flight Operations – Recent Successes
Authors: Fischer Raymond , Yankaskas Kurt , Komrower Jeffrey , Boroditsky Leonid
Published: July 2021

Shipboard noise prediction software has progressed significantly over the last decade. Studies sponsored by the US Navy have led to the development of software capable of producing a highly accurate, three-dimensional acoustic model of the majority of marine vessels. However, noise on aircraft carriers had not been addressed to date because of the assumption that little could be done to effectively reduce the hazardous noise levels in compartments. A description of recent successful verification of the prediction software and the effective application of a novel sprayon damping material is provided. The goal is to reduce crew hearing loss, annoyance and impact on performance.
Combining cathodic protection and antifouling into a single hull system
Authors: Policastro Steven A. , Strom Matthew J. , Drake Lisa A. , Bindig Hannah , First Matthew R. , Robbins-Wamsley Stephanie H. , Riley Scott C. , DeGiorgi Virginia G. , Rayne Roy J. , Iliopoulos Athanasios P. , Michopoulos John , Kelly Robert G. , Woldemedhin Michael , Misorski Chris
Published: July 2021

The approach presented here demonstrates an energized system that provides cathodic protection and biofouling control that could eliminate anti-fouling hull coatings. Results from immersion panel testing of a variety of electrocatalyst materials and a small-scale Jon boat prototype – as well as experimental measurements of the electrocatalyst material efficiencies and models of oxidant concentrations – were used to design a 1/8-scale prototype installed on a 64 foot Navy research vessel based out of Panama City, Florida. The prototype design was carried out through computational modeling to solve a system of partial differential equations describing the coupling of electric current conservation and mass and electric species transport. The prototype underwent exposure testing for eight months. Regular diver surveys and system data collection monitored the system's effectiveness at maintaining the hull potential and keeping the hull free of biofouling.
Nonlinear Fatigue Crack Growth Predictions for Simple Specimens Subject to Time-Dependent Ship Structural Loading Sequences
Authors: Hodapp David P. , Collete Matthew D. , Troesch Armin W.
Published: July 2021

The typical classification rules-based fatigue assessment of ship structures is inherently limited and must be rethought as new designs push the boundary of past experience. To this end, the majority of research over the past decade has focused on providing more accurate experimental and/or numerical predictions of ship motions and hence fatigue loading. However, comparatively little attention has been paid to the accompanying linear damage accumulation models originally contrived for spectral-based approaches. Here, a nonlinear crack growth model is proposed based on the finite element analysis of plastically-induced crack closure. In contrast to previous studies, this approach is readily generalized as it relies solely on experimentally measured fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN vs. ΔK) and a full material constitutive model. To extend this existing area of research to marine engineering, it will be shown that simple instances of variable amplitude loading are analogous to typical ship loading sequences through so-called “storm model” loading. Thus, the proposed model facilitates ship fatigue life predictions (crack propagation phase) in which both the order of the loading (load sequence effects) and material hysteresis (load interaction effects) are included. Using this model, it will be shown that these load sequence and load interactions effects are first-order phenomena and must be considered in fatigue life predictions. Finally, by including these effects, we challenge the presumption that loading nonlinearities (e.g., combined midship wave bending and whipping) are insignificant within the context of lifetime accumulated fatigue damage and/or that they can be included without being explicitly evaluated.
Introduction to natural gas: A comparative study of its storage, fuel costs and emissions for a harbor tug
Authors: Eswara Arun Kishore , Misra S. C. , Ramesh U. S.
Published: July 2021

This paper discusses the science of natural gas, its composition and ways to determine and coherently express its physical and chemical properties. Pricing of natural gas is shown with regard to weight and energy. A 60 Ton harbor tug employing either a set of constant rpm engines for CPP operation, or a set of variable rpm engines for FPP operation, with a standard load profile is made the basis for discussion. Advantage of evaluating thermal efficiency of gas engines relative to the higher heating value of natural gas, as against its lower heating value is explained. A compendium of storage options and the resulting endurance with the use of natural gas forms such as liquified gas (LNG), compressed gas (CNG) and adsorbed gas (ANG) is presented. Steps to ascertain fuel consumption of the gas engines operated according to the load profile and an approach to evaluate and relate the quantities of LNG, CNG and ANG is shown. Fuel costs and emissions from the tug operation using natural gas as fuel are evaluated per month and compared with diesel and residual fuels. Green House Gas emissions as a summation of emission constituents from the natural gas fuelled tug operation is detailed, and its need emphasized. The concepts of useful work done, emission efficiency parameter and energy efficiency parameter, which may be helpful in the design of harbor tugs and similar service vessels are proposed. The emission efficiency parameter is evaluated and analyzed for the 60 ton harbor tug.
Data from diversity of Zygoptera (Odonata) in the state of Amapá, Brazil
Authors: Garcia-Junior Manoel Daltro Nunes , Damasceno Monique Telcia dos Santos , Costa Tiago Silva da , Souto Raimundo Nonato Picanço
Published: July 2021

El Amapá está ubicado en el norte de Brasil, numerosos grupos están poco estudiados en el estado, entre ellos el orden Odonata. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar datos sobre la diversidad de los Zygopteros de Amapá. El muestreo se realizó entre los años 2018 y 2019. Fueron capturados 602 individuos, de los cuales, 26 especies son nuevos registros para el estado. Para el Amapá se registraron 58 especies de Zygoptera, insertadas en 27 géneros y siete familias. Coenagrionidae, con 45 especies registradas, comprendió la mayor abundancia durante el estudio con aproximadamente el 81% de los organismos capturados. El presente trabajo incrementa en 44% el número de especies de Zygoptera para el estado, los resultados encontrados adquieren alta relevancia en el reconocimiento de la diversidad del orden Odonata en Amapá y el bioma amazónico.

The Amapá is located in northern Brazil, numerous groups are little studied in the state, among them the order Odonata. The objective of the present work is to present data on the diversity of Amapá Damselflies. Sampling was carried out between the years 2018 and 2019. Were captured 602 individuals, of which, 26 species are new records for the state. The Amapá has so far registered 58 species of Zygoptera, inserted in 27 genera and seven families. Coenagrionidae, with 45 species registered comprised the highest abundance during the study with approximately 81% of the captured organisms. The present work increases the number of species of zygopterans by 44% for the state, thus, the results found acquire high relevance in the recognition of the diversity of the order Odonata in Amapá and the Amazon biome.
Corporate social reporting and assurance: The state of the art
Authors: García-Sánchez Isabel-María
Published: July 2021

Este trabajo realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre verificación y divulgación de información sobre responsabilidad social corporativa basada en 320 artículos en las 36 revistas principales indexadas en el Journal Citation Reports del Thomson Reuters InCities en las categorías de Business, Finance (Accounting), Management, Ethics y otras categorías relacionadas con Environmental Sciences/Planning and Development. El marco propuesto para el análisis se enfoca en los predictores de la verificación y divulgación de información social y medioambiental, categorizados en factores individuales, organizativos e institucionales; así como en los impactos, clasificándolos en externos (reacciones del mercado) o internos (resultado empresarial). Además, determinamos los moderadores y mediadores con el fin de examinar si la relación entre la verificación y la divulgación de información sobre responsabilidad social y sus predictores e impactos cambia. La revisión revela importantes lagunas en el estado actual de la investigación, permitiéndonos plantear sugerencias sobre futuras investigaciones.

This research reviews the corporate social responsibility disclosure literature based on 330 articles in the 36 main journals in the Thomson Reuters InCities Journal Citation Reports categories of Business, Finance (Accounting), Management, Ethics and others related to Environmental Sciences/Planning and Development. The framework includes predictors of socially responsible disclosure and assurance related to individual, organizational and institutional factors, as well as impacts that we classify as external (i.e., market reactions) or internal (i.e., firm performance). In addition, we establish the moderator and mediator variables with a view to examining whether the relationship between social responsibility reporting/assurance services and its predictors and impacts change. The review reveals important research gaps that allow us to provide suggestions about future research in terms of empirical perspectives.
ANALIZA STANJA UHRANJENOSTI UČENIKA OSNOVNE ŠKOLE U CRNOJ GORI
Authors: Gardašević Novica , Anđelić Milan , Joksimović Marko , Ahmedov Farruh
Published: July 2021

Analiza stanja uhranjenosti veoma je bitan segment prilikom praćenja rasta i razvoja djece školskog uzrasta. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je definisati stanje uhranjenosti na osnovu dobijenih rezultata prethodnih istraživanja sa uzorcima izvučenim iz populacije učenika osnovne škole u Crnoj Gori. Analizom je obuhvaćeno 11 istraživanja sa ukupno 8619 ispitanika oba pola, koja su se uglavnom bavila procjenom stanja uhranjenosti ispitanika uzrasta od 6 do 15 godina. Na osnovu analize rezultata istraživanja utvrđeno je da su preuhranjeost i gojaznost u značajnoj mjeri prisutni kod djece osnovno-školskog uzrsta oba pola u Crnoj Gori. Uzimajući u obzir preuhranjenost i gojaznost zajedno, procenti se kreću u rasponu od 20-40% što je tipično za mediteranske zemlje Evrope među kojima je i Crna Gora. Takođe, utvrđeno je da primjena različitih standarda procjene uhranjenosti daje različite rezultate koji nekad veoma značajno odstupaju na istom uzorku ispitanika.
Exploring EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Enacted Curriculum in Jordan: Towards Integration Curriculum Development with Teacher Education
Authors: Al-husban Naima , Akkari Abdeljalil
Published: July 2021

This study investigated EFL teachers’ perception of the enacted curriculum, the status of the intended curriculum, and the challenges faced by teachers, while implementing the curriculum. A qualitative design was used and 15 teachers were interviewed to discover their perceptions
of the enacted curriculum. Our results revealed that there is a misalignment between the intended curriculum and the enacted curriculum Participants continued to teach in a manner, which was inconsistent with the curriculum reforms, and teachers faced several challenges, that compelled them
to teach in a traditional manner.
CGRP overexpression does not alter depression-like behavior in mice
Authors: Hashikawa-Hobara Narumi , Otsuka Ami , Okujima Chihiro , Hashikawa Naoya
Published: July 2021

Background

The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that is released from capsaicin-sensitive nerves as a potent vasodilator involved in nociceptive transmission. While CGRP has been rigorously studied for its role in migraines owing to its vasodilation and inflammation activities, the effects of CGRP overexpression on depressive-like behaviors remain insufficiently understood.

Methods

In the present study, we performed a battery of behavioral tests, including the social interaction test, open field test, and sucrose preference test, to evaluate social defeat stress using male C57BL6J or CGRP overexpression in transgenic (Tg) mice (CGRP Tg). We performed mRNA and protein analyses on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K in the hippocampi.

Results

CGRP Tg mice showed increased levels of Bdnf mRNAs, low locomotor activity, and no deficits in social interaction, which indicate that CGRP Tg mice exhibit stress resistance and not depression. However, the open field test significantly decreased after 15-day social defeat stress exposure. We also evaluated depressive-like behavior using the sucrose preference and social interaction tests. Our data indicate that defeated CGRP Tg mice exhibited a depressive-like phenotype, which was inferred from increased social avoidance and reduced sucrose preference compared with non-defeated controls. Although stress exposure did not change the BDNF levels in CGRP Tg mice, it significantly decreased the expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-p70S6K in the mice hippocampi. We conclude that CGRP-overexpressing Tg mice have normal sensitivity to stress and down-regulated hippocampal Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathways.
Analysis and Determination of Polyphenol and Iron Concentrations in Some Selected Seaweed Species using UV-Vis
Authors: Bungudu J. I. , Murphy Lorrie M.
Published: July 2021

Seaweeds readily absorb heavy metals that are present in their environment, because of this; they are an effective way of monitoring heavy metal pollution in an area. The metal that is absorbed can be damaging to the seaweed cell walls. Seaweeds have evolved over time to have excellent antioxidant systems to combat this damage. One antioxidant they produce is polyphenol, a chemical molecule containing many phenol rings that bind to metals and keep them from the damaging the cell walls. They have been shown to be linked to the health benefits of red wine, fruit and vegetables. Samples of different species of seaweed from the Bangor area were collected, processed and analysed for their iron and polyphenol concentrations. Samples were collected from multiple points along the Bangor  coastline,  they  were  dried  and  processed  into  a  fine,  dry  powder.  The iron concentrations were  analysed  by  Atomic  Absorption  Spectroscopy  after  digestion by HNO3. Different species were analysed for the iron and polyphenol content. The whole of the algae was analysed, as well as the nodules and the rest (stipe and blades). The polyphenol concentrations were analysed by a colourimetric assay using the Ragan and Glombitza method and quantified by UV/Vis spectroscopy. Different species were tested in order to see if the concentrations of iron and polyphenol change between species. Different parts of the seaweed were also tested to see where the higher concentrations of the metals were located. Iron concentration statistically significantly changed between all species with the concentrations ranging from 58.0 ± 3.5 mg/Kg to 796.0 ± 10.6 mg/Kg. The Polyphenol concentration changed statistically significantly between some species, but statistically not significant between others. Polyphenol concentration ranged from 63.7 ± 0.3 mg (g dw)-1 to 202.1 ± 6.7 mg (g dw)-1.
Prevalence, Sensitivity Profile and Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria in Wounds to Conventional Antibiotics
Authors: Alabi Mercy , Bayode Michael , Aina Ikeoluwa , Adesanya Jeremiah , Areo Oluwaseun
Published: July 2021

Aim: The prevalence, sensitivity profile and resistance of Gram-positive bacteria in wounds to commercial antibiotics were ascertained in this study.

Place and duration of study: University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure, Nigeria, between January and June 2019.

Methodology: Wound swabs sample collection, isolation of bacteria, identification of Gram-positive bacteria isolates and antibiotics sensitivity testing of isolated bacteria were determined employing standard protocols.

Result: Three Gram-positive bacteria were isolated and presumptively identified to be S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. S. aureus had the highest prevalence of 53% followed by S. epidermidis with 42% and S. pyogenes accounting for the least occurrence of 5%. Ninety percent (90%) of ten S. aureus strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin while only 10% had intermediate activity. The least resistance of S. aureus strains was against pefloxacin (40%), while to streptomycin, 87.5% of eight S. epidermidis strains were resistant and 12.5% had intermediate sensitivity. Susceptibility was observed in S. epidermidis against pefloxacin (12.5%) while 50% had intermediate sensitivity and 37.5% were resistant. The highest zone of inhibition of S. epidermidis was observed in strain 7 against pefloxacin (16.00±1.00 mm) and in S. aureus by strain 5 against pefloxacin (16.50±2.50 mm).

Conclusion: Pefloxacin-sensitive Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species from wound swabs could become resistant overtime and this calls for incessant vigilance on Gram-positive wound bacteria antibiotic-susceptibility appraisal particularly in an antibiotics-abuse setting.
A Review on Hardened Properties of Eco-Friendly Concrete Containing Ceramic Waste Powder
Authors: Salvi Deepak , Gupta Trilok , Sharma Ravi K.
Published: July 2021

Increasing infrastructural development has resulted into continuous depletion of natural raw materials required for concrete works. Natural resource consumption has been steadily increasing. Many studies have been conducted in various laboratories to find substitute raw materials that can be used in place of cement. In this article an attempt to study the properties of concrete containing ceramic waste powder. Many researchers found out that the hardened properties of concrete containing ceramic waste powder as cement replacement was improved. The ceramic waste can be utilized as an alternative to cement replacement in concrete due to presence of high alumina and silica. Increase in durability properties were observed with the inclusion of ceramic waste in concrete by several researchers. Inclusion of ceramic waste in concrete production showed better mechanical and durability performance as compared to reference concrete up to a certain percentage replacement limit.
EvoProDom: evolutionary modeling of protein families by assessing translocations of protein domains
Authors: Carmi Gon , Gorohovski Alessandro , Frenkel‐Morgenstern Milana
Published: July 2021

Here, we introduce a novel ‘evolution of protein domains’ (EvoProDom) model for describing the evolution of proteins based on the ‘mix and merge’ of protein domains. We assembled and integrated genomic and proteomic data comprising protein domain content and orthologous proteins from 109 organisms. In EvoProDom, we characterized evolutionary events, particularly, translocations, as reciprocal exchanges of protein domains between orthologous proteins in different organisms. We showed that protein domains that translocate with highly frequency are generated by transcripts enriched in trans‐splicing events, that is, the generation of novel transcripts from the fusion of two distinct genes. In EvoProDom, we describe a general method to collate orthologous protein annotation from KEGG, and protein domain content from protein sequences using tools such as KoFamKOAL and Pfam. To summarize, EvoProDom presents a novel model for protein evolution based on the ‘mix and merge’ of protein domains rather than DNA‐based evolution models. This confers the advantage of considering chromosomal alterations as drivers of protein evolutionary events.
Kosmotogaceae
Authors: Nesbø Camilla L. , L'Haridon Stéphane , Zhaxybayeva Olga , Farrell Anne A.
Published: July 2021

Kos.mo.to.ga.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Kosmotoga
, type genus of the family; L. fem. pl. suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Kosmotogaceae
, the family whose nomenclatural type is the genus.

Thermotogota / Thermotogae / Kosmotogales / Kosmotogaceae

The family
Kosmotogaceae
comprises
mesophilic
and
thermophilic
bacteria. The cells are Gram‐negative and sheathed
short rods to ovoid cocci
.
Heterotrophs. Produce hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide
. Optimal growth temperature between 37 and 70°C. Members of the family reduce thiosulfate and/or sulfur to sulfide. The family currently accommodates two genera,
Kosmotoga
and
Mesotoga
. Known habitats are hydrothermal vents, marine sediments, crustal fluids, deep aquifers, oil reservoirs, hydrocarbon‐impacted environment, and anaerobic man‐made environments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.4–48.3.

Type genus
:
Kosmotoga
Dipippo et al. 2009
VP
emend. Nunoura et al. 2010.