bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction of N‐Thiophosphoryl Imines Catalyzed by 1,3,5‐Triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA) — Convenient Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐β‐amino Ketone or Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Xu Xinyuan , Wang Chungui , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Xiaofang , He Zhengjie , Tang Chuchi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Oxaselenan‐2‐imines from Isoselenocyanates.
Authors: Sommen G. L. , Heimgartner H.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory Triterpenes from Salsola baryosma.
Authors: Ahmad Z. , Mehmood S. , Ifzal R. , Malik A. , Afza N. , Rashid F. , Mahmood A. , Iqbal L.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Bakkenolide III (I) and Formal Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Bakkenolides B (IIa), C (IIb), H (IIc), L (IId), V (IIe), and X (IIf).
Authors: Jiang Chiao‐Hua , Bhattacharyya Annyt , Sha Chin‐Kang
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Triterpene Glucosides, Oligoporins A—C, from Oligoporus tephroleucus Protect DNA from Fenton Reaction
Authors: Lee In‐Kyoung , Jang Yun‐Woo , Yu Seung Hun , Yun Bong‐Sik
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Polyporusterones Isolated from the Sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus.
Authors: Zhou Wei‐Wei , Lin Wen‐Han , Guo Shun‐Xing
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of β2‐Amino Acids: 2‐Substituted‐3‐aminopropanoic Acids from N‐Acryloyl SuperQuat Derivatives.
Authors: Beddow James E. , Davies Stephen G. , Ling Kenneth B. , Roberts Paul M. , Russell Angela J. , Smith Andrew D. , Thomson James E.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Conformationally Constrained Homologues of Glutamic Acid.
Authors: Conti Paola , Caligiuri Antonio , Pinto Andrea , Roda Gabriella , Tamborini Lucia , Nielsen Birgitte , Madsen Ulf , Frydenvang Karla , Colombo Alessio , De Micheli Carlo
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Enantioselective Mannich Reactions: Synthesis of Protected anti‐α,β‐Diamino Acids.
Authors: Cutting Gary A. , Stainforth Nikki E. , John Matthew P. , Kociok‐Koehn Gabriele , Willis Michael C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct and Convenient Method of Regioselective Benzylation of Methyl α‐D‐Glucopyranoside
Authors: Li Xiaoliu , Li Zhiwei , Zhang Pingzhu , Chen Hua , Ikegami Shiro
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Lobeline via Nonenzymatic Desymmetrization.
Authors: Birman Vladimir B. , Jiang Hui , Li Ximin
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Santiagonamine.
Authors: Markey Michael D. , Fu Ying , Kelly T. Ross
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sessilifoliamide I, a New Alkaloid from Stemona sessilifolia.
Authors: Hitotsuyanagi Yukio , Hikita Maho , Nakada Kazuhiro , Fukaya Haruhiko , Takeya Koichi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Towards the Total Synthesis of Botcinic Acid (I), the Revised Structure of Botcinolide: Synthesis of the Highly Substituted Tetrahydropyran Moiety.
Authors: Chakraborty Tushar Kanti , Goswami Rajib Kumar
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Prenylisoflavone Derivatives from the Roots of Hedysarum scoparium.
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Gao , Chen Jian‐Jun , Gao Kun
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on (‐)‐FR182877: Construction of the ABCD Ring System via Intramolecular Cycloadditions. Part 1.
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Tanaka Natsumi , Matsumura Takehiko , Hosoya Yosuke , Nakada Masahisa
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 1β‐Methylcarbapenems Having Cyclic Sulfonamide Moieties: Synthesis and Evaluation of in vitro Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Kim Seong Jong , Park Hyeong Beom , Lee Jae Seoung , Jo Nam Hyun , Yoo Kyung Ho , Baek Daejin , Kang Byoung‐won , Cho Jung‐Hyuck , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Absolute Configuration Determination of (+)‐Bruguierol C.
Authors: Solorio Dionicio Martinez , Jennings Michael P.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures: The Case of Palladium
Authors: Xiong Yujie , Xia Younan
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐Architecture and Reactivity of Titania Catalytic Materials. Quasi‐1D Nanostructures.
Authors: Centi Gabriele , Perathoner Siglinda
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Crystal Chemistry of Oxorhenates
Authors: Mueller‐Buschbaum Hanskarl
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth—Transition Metal—Magnesium Compounds — An Overview
Authors: Rodewald Ute Ch. , Chevalier Bernard , Poettgen Rainer
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis of Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles
Authors: Adschiri Tadafumi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrous Non‐Crystalline Phosphates: Structure, Function and a New White Pigment
Authors: Rosseto Renato , dos Santos Adamo C. M. A. , Galembeck Fernando
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Source Molecular Precursors for the Preparation of Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Jain Vimal K.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Complexes of Certain Tetradentate Phenolate Ligands as Functional Models for Catechol Dioxygenases
Authors: Palaniandavar Mallayan , Velusamy Marappan , Mayilmurugan Ramasamy
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorescent Sensors for the Detection of Chemical Warface Agents.
Authors: Burnworth Mark , Rowan Stuart J. , Weder Christoph
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Baylis—Hillman Reaction: A Novel Source of Attraction, Opportunities, and Challenges in Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Rao Kalapala Venkateswara , Reddy Raju Jannapu
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 2‐Alkylidene Thiiranes and Thietanes
Authors: Richardson Stewart K. , Howell Amy R.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Imidazole‐Containing Marine Natural Products
Authors: Weinreb Steven
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dihydro‐β‐agarofuran Sesquiterpenoids
Authors: Gao Jin‐Ming , Wu Wen‐Jun , Zhang Ji‐Wen , Konishi Yasuo
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyelectrolytes: Functionality by Synergism of Electrostatic Interaction and Chain Architecture
Authors: Wandrey C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Development of CD‐Ring Modified Analogues of 1α,25‐ Dihydroxyvitamin D
Authors: De Clercq Pierre J. , De Buysser Frederik , Minne Garrett , Schepens Wim , Vrielynck Freek , Van Haver Dirk , Vandewalle Maurits , Verstuyf Annemieke , Bouillon Roger
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Modifications of Polyhydroxylated Steroids
Authors: Fossati Elena , Riva Sergio
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Planar Chiral Ligands Based on [2.2]Paracyclophanes
Authors: Braese Stefan
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological and Medicinal Applications of Boronic Acids
Authors: Yang Wenqian , Gao Xingming , Wang Binghe
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanisms Concerning Reactions of Thiol, Thiono and Dithio Analogues of Carboxylic Esters with Nucleophiles — An Update
Authors: Castro Enrique A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Roles of Vitamins B5, B8, B9, B12 and Molybdenum Cofactor at Cellular and Organismal Levels
Authors: Rebeille Fabrice , Ravanel Stephane , Marquet Andree , Mendel Ralf R. , Smith Alison G. , Warren Martin J.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketide Synthases and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases: The Emerging View from Bacterial Genomics
Authors: Donadio Stefano , Monciardini Paolo , Sosio Margherita
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies on Structure and Dynamics of Carbonium Ions
Authors: Esteves Pierre M. , Fleming Felipe P. , Barbosa Andre G. H.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: IR Absorption Intensities as a New Spectral Criterion for the Activation of Adsorbed Molecules in Heterogeneous Acid Catalysis
Authors: Kazanskii V. B.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Studies of Cyclobutylmethyl Cations
Authors: Reddy V. Prakash , Prakash G. K. Surya , Rasul Golam
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single molecule polymerization, annealing and bundling dynamics of SipA induced actin filaments
Authors: Popp David , Yamamoto Akihiro , Iwasa Mitsusada , Nitanai Yasushi , Maéda Yuichiro
Published: December 2007

Salmonella bacteria cause more than three million deaths each year. They hijack cells and inject among other proteins SipA via a “molecular syringe” into the cell, which can tether actin subunits in opposing strands to form mechanically stabilized filaments which rapidly reshape the cells surface into extended ruffles, leading to bacterial internalization. Exactly how these ruffles form at a single filament level remains unknown. Our real time total internal fluorescence microscopy observations show that both bidirectional elongation of actin by SipA as well as end‐to‐end annealing of SipA‐actin filaments are rapid processes. Complementary electron microscopy investigations demonstrate that crowding agents in vitro readily induce stiff bundles of SipA‐actin filaments. Taken together these three effects, rapid SipA induced actin polymerization, filament annealing and bundle formation due to molecular crowding can explain how Salmonella invades cells at molecular level. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The fovea regulates symmetrical development of the visual cortex
Authors: Neveu Magella M. , von dem Hagen Elisabeth , Morland Antony B. , Jeffery Glen
Published: December 2007

The foveal region contains the highest cell density in the human retina; consequently a disproportionately large area of the visual cortex is dedicated to its representation. In aniridia and albinism the fovea does not develop, and the corresponding cortical representation shows a reduction in gray matter volume. In albinos there are chiasmatic irregularities in the hemispheric projections, which are not found in aniridics. Here, we ask whether the anomalies in central retinal development, present in albinism and aniridia, have a wider impact on the architecture of the visual cortex. The length, depth, and topology of the calcarine fissure is analyzed in albino, aniridic, and normal subjects. These measures are compared between groups and between the cortical hemispheres within each subject. We show that the calcarine fissure, where the primary visual cortex is represented, is abnormally short in those lacking a fovea. Moreover, surface reconstructions of the calcarine fissure revealed marked interhemispheric asymmetries. The two groups could not be distinguished on the basis of their cortical features, and we therefore interpret the abnormalities in cortical architecture in terms of the absence of the fovea, the common retinal feature found in both groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:791–800, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adaptive FAS‐multigrid method for nonlinear elliptic equations on unstructured grids
Authors: Mohamed S. A.
Published: December 2007

A two‐step, node‐wise assembly procedure is developed to enhance the classical assembly process that is repeatedly required for the nonlinear finite elements method. Using the proposed assembly method, an efficient nonlinear point‐wise Gauss–Seidel method is designed and used as a smoother in a full approximation storage multigrid (FAS_MG) that results in solving nonlinear problems on unstructured grids as efficient as the linear ones. Next, the FAS_MG solver is incorporated into an adaptive full multigrid cycle that solves the nonlinear problem on a coarse grid and uses a posteriori error estimator to adaptively and automatically construct a next finer grid. Numerical results show that the proposed method solves adaptively nonlinear finite elements elliptic problems within the textbook MG efficiency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidation of Spirocyclohexyl‐1,2,4‐trithiolane and Complexation Reaction with [Pt(η2‐nb)(PPh3)2] (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 36/2007)
Authors: Petzold Holm , Bräutigam Silvio , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang , Romanski Jaroslaw , Mloston Grzegorz
Published: December 2007

The cover picture shows the insertion of a Pt0 complex fragment into the S–S bond of a 1,2,4‐trithiolane 1‐S‐oxide. Reactions of Pt0 complexes with small sulfur‐containing heterocycles have become more and more popular in order to generate and stabilize reactive sulfur‐containing species. The reaction presented leads to three‐ and four‐membered platinacycles by ring contraction with expulsion of the reactive thiocarbonyl derivatives. The postulated mechanism for the fragmentation of 1,2,4‐trithiolane 1‐S‐oxide, as well as the molecular structures, give a reasonable explanation for the observed selectivity. Details are discussed in the article by W. Weigand, G. Mloston et al. on p. 5627 ff. We thank Dr. Jaroslaw Romanski for decorating our Christmas tree (background) for this year and designing the cover picture.
Iminophenol Ligands Derived from Chiral Regioisomeric Hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane‐carbaldehydes: the Influence of the Substitution Pattern on Asymmetric Induction
Authors: Antonov Dmitrii Yu. , Rozenberg Valeria I. , Danilova Tat'yana I. , Starikova Zoya A. , Hopf Henning
Published: December 2007

The planar‐chiral 12‐hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane‐4‐carbaldehyde (3, pseudo‐FHPC) was synthesized and resolved via its Schiff bases 9 using the enantiomers of α‐phenylethylamine. The absolute configurations of the enantiomers of 3 were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Derivatives 7–21, representatives of cyclophane‐derived iminophenols with ortho, pseudo‐gem and pseudo‐ortho arrangement of the functional groups, were prepared and studied as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde affording the expected alcohols in up to 97 % ee. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis and Characterization of Subporphyrins with Dendritic Carbazole Arms
Authors: Xu Tinghua , Lu Ran , Liu Xingliang , Chen Peng , Qiu Xianping , Zhao Yingying
Published: December 2007

A series of novel dendritic carbazole‐functionalized subporphyrins, T(Cz‐Gn)SubPs (n = 1–3), have been synthesized from pyridine–tri(pyrrol‐1‐yl)borane and the corresponding aldehydes. This study has demonstrated that intramolecular energy transfer from the carbazole dendron to the subporphyrin core occurs with a high efficiency which decreases with increasing dendron generation, in accord with the Förster mechanism of energy transfer. In addition, the carbazole dendron can lead to a blueshift of the absorption and emission bands of the subporphyrin core. The light‐harvesting abilities of these compounds increase with increasing generation. Meanwhile, these dendritic macromolecules emit intense yellow‐green light and may be good candidates for photonic devices. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Biogenesis and Biomimetic Chemistry: Can Complex Natural Products Be Assembled Spontaneously? (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1/2008)
Authors: Gravel Edmond , Poupon Erwan
Published: December 2007

The cover picture shows three representative structures of complex natural products. They exemplify the main topic discussed in the Microreview by E. Gravel and E. Poupon on p. 27 ff: To what extent can natural substances be assembled spontaneously in nature? The modular architecture of the Pompidou Centre for modern art and creation in Paris has been chosen as a background. Indeed, this masterpiece of architectural design has obvious references to the complexity of living systems.
Confronting complexity in late‐onset Alzheimer disease: application of two‐stage analysis approach addressing heterogeneity and epistasis
Authors: Thornton‐Wells Tricia A. , Moore Jason H. , Martin Eden R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Haines Jonathan L.
Published: December 2007

Common diseases with a genetic basis are likely to have a very complex etiology, in which the mapping between genotype and phenotype is far from straightforward. A new comprehensive statistical and computational strategy for identifying the missing link between genotype and phenotype has been proposed, which emphasizes the need to address heterogeneity in the first stage of any analysis and gene‐gene interactions in the second stage. We applied this two‐stage analysis strategy to late‐onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) data, which included functional and positional candidate genes and markers in a region of interest on chromosome 10. Bayesian classification found statistically significant clusterings for independent family‐based and case‐control datasets, which used the same five markers in leucine‐rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 3 (LRRTM3) as the most influential in determining cluster assignment. In subsequent analyses to detect main effects and gene‐gene interactions, markers in three genes—urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (PLAU), angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) and cell division cycle 2 (CDC2)—were found to be associated with LOAD in particular subsets of the data based on their LRRTM3 multilocus genotype. All of these genes are viable candidates for LOAD based on their known biological function, even though PLAU, CDC2 and LRRTM3 were initially identified as positional candidates. Further studies are needed to replicate these statistical findings and to elucidate possible biological interaction mechanisms between LRRTM3 and these genes. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing horizontal equity in medication treatment among elderly Mexicans: which socioeconomic determinants matter most?
Authors: Maurer Jürgen
Published: December 2007

Many low‐ and middle‐income countries are currently undergoing a dramatic epidemiological transition, with an increasing disease burden due to degenerative noncommunicable diseases. Inexpensive medication treatment often represents a cost‐effective means to prevent, control or cure many of these health conditions. Using micro‐data from the 2001 Mexican Health and Aging Study, we assess horizontal inequity in medication treatment among older Mexicans before the introduction of Popular Health Insurance in Mexico. In doing so, we investigate the role of various dimensions of socioeconomic status for obtaining indicated medication treatment within a comparatively fragmented health‐care system that features relatively high out‐of‐pocket expenditures. Our empirical analysis suggests health insurance coverage as a key socioeconomic determinant of indicated medication use with large and statistically significant positive effects on take‐up. The effects of insurance status thereby clearly dominate any other possible effects of socioeconomic status on medication treatment. Our results thus highlight the importance of access to reliable health care and comprehensive coverage for rational medication use in the management of degenerative diseases. In light of this evidence, we expect that recent Mexican health‐care reforms, which expand health insurance coverage to the previously uninsured population, will alleviate socioeconomic gradients in medication treatment among older people in need. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can we fix it? Yes we can! But what? A new test of procedural invariance in TTO‐measurement
Authors: Attema Arthur E. , Brouwer Werner B. F.
Published: December 2007

The TTO‐method is often used to value health states, but it is susceptible to several biases and methodological difficulties. One of these is a violation of procedural invariance, which means that the way a TTO‐question is framed, i.e. either by fixing the period in imperfect health or that in perfect health, can have a substantial effect on the elicited value of a health state. There are four important sources of discrepancy of the two procedures: loss aversion, maximum endurable time, scale compatibility and discounting. In this article, we present the results of a new test of procedural invariance in which we avoided or corrected for two of these sources (discounting and maximum endurable time). Our results indicate that while correcting for discounting does diminish the difference between the two TTO‐procedures, a large and significant violation of procedural invariance remains. Loss aversion is probably the main determinant of the remainder of this difference. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of permanent and transitory shocks in explaining international health expenditures
Authors: Narayan Paresh Kumar , Narayan Seema
Published: December 2007

While there is a growing literature that examines the issue of cointegration (co‐movement over the long run) among health expenditures, there are no studies that examine the issue of common cycles (co‐movement over the short run) among health expenditures. We undertake a multivariate variance decomposition analysis of per capita health expenditures of the USA, the UK, Japan, Canada, and Switzerland based on a common‐trend–common‐cycle restriction framework, to examine the relative importance of permanent and transitory innovations in explaining variations in per capita health expenditures in each of the five countries. Our main finding is that transitory shocks are more important in explaining per capita health expenditures in the UK, Japan, and Switzerland, while permanent shocks dominate variations in per capita health expenditures in the USA and Canada over short horizons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological essentialism and cultural variation: children's beliefs about aggression in the United States and South Africa
Authors: Giles Jessica W. , Legare Cristine , Samson Jennifer E.
Published: December 2007

The present study compared indigenous South African versus African‐American schoolchildren's beliefs about aggression. Eighty 7–9 year olds (40 from each country) participated in interviews in which they were asked to make inferences about the stability, malleability, and causal origins of aggressive behaviour. Although a minority of participants from both countries endorsed essentialist beliefs about aggression, South African children were more likely than American children to do so. Results also revealed some degree of coherence in children's patterns of beliefs about aggression, such that children responded across superficially different measures in ways that appear theoretically consistent. The authors consider these findings in light of debates concerning the role of cultural forces in shaping person perception. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothyroidism among pediatric cancer patients: A nationwide, registry‐based study
Authors: Madanat Laura‐Maria S. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Hurme Saija , Dyba Tadeusz , Salmi Toivo T. , Sankila Risto
Published: December 2007

The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and prevalence of hypothyroidism (HT) among childhood cancer survivors by means of register linkage. Patients extracted from the Finnish Cancer Registry data base (5,180 patients with cancer diagnosis at the age of 0–15 years, and born after 1970) were linked with thyroxin reimbursement data (Drug Reimbursement Register) and with thyroxin purchase data (prescription database) maintained by the Social Insurance Institution. At the end of follow‐up, the prevalence of HT (10,509/100,000) was found to exceed that in the general population (240/100,000) for those aged <35 years. Diagnostic group (p < 0.0001) and gender (p < 0.0025) had significant effect on the risk of developing HT. Males were less prone to the development of HT. Cumulative incidence rate of HT was highest in patients with thyroid cancer (TC), Hodgkin lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS) tumors and neuroblastoma. Except in patients with TC (4.5 months) and CNS tumors (19 months), the median time for the appearance of HT was quite long, varying between 2 and 4.5 years. We consider our results valuable in providing new data for the planning of thyroid function follow‐up in different diagnostic groups of childhood cancer survivors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elimination of regulatory T cells is essential for an effective vaccination with tumor lysate‐pulsed dendritic cells in a murine glioma model
Authors: Grauer Oliver M. , Sutmuller Roger P.M. , van Maren Wendy , Jacobs Joannes F.M. , Bennink Erik , Toonen Liza W.J. , Nierkens Stefan , Adema Gosse J.
Published: December 2007

Both melanoma and glioma cells are of neuroectodermal origin and share common tumor associated antigens. In this article, we report that the melanocyte differentiation antigen TRP2 (tyrosinase‐related protein 2) is not predominately involved in the tumor rejection of a syngeneic murine glioma. Although GL261 glioma cells endogenously expressed TRP2 and were lysed by TRP2 specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in vitro, vaccinations with TRP2 peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) could only induce minor antiglioma responses in a prophylactic setting and failed to work in a stringent setting where vaccine and tumor were administered on the same day. Further analysis revealed that TRP2 is not recognized by bulk CTLs after depletion of regulatory T cells which results in tumor rejections in vivo. In contrast to TRP2 peptide‐pulsed DC, tumor lysate‐pulsed DCs were more potent as a vaccine and completely protected mice from tumor outgrowth in a prophylactic setting. However, the vaccine efficacy of tumor lysate‐pulsed DC was not sufficient to prevent the tumor outgrowth when tumors were inoculated the same day. In this case, Treg depletion before vaccination was essential to boost antiglioma immune responses leading to the rejection of 80% of the mice and long‐term immunity. Therefore, we conclude that counteracting the immunosuppressive glioma tumor environment via depletion of regulatory T cells is a prerequisite for successful eradication of gliomas after targeting multiple tumor antigens by using tumor lysate‐pulsed DCs as a vaccine in a more stringent setting. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mismatch repair expression in testicular cancer predicts recurrence and survival
Authors: Velasco Alfredo , Corvalan Alejandro , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Riquelme Erick , Chuaqui Rodrigo , Majerson Alejandro , Leach Fredrick S.
Published: December 2007

We investigated mismatch repair (MMR) gene expression in testicular cancer as a molecular marker for clinical outcome (recurrence, response to chemotherapy and death) using protein expression and specific genetic alterations associated with the presence or absence of MMR activity. One hundred sixty‐two cases of paraffin‐embedded testis cancer specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody for MLH1 and MSH2 MMR proteins and genetic analysis using specific polymorphic markers. The degree of MMR immunoreactivity and genetic instability in the form of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and/or microsatellite instability (MSI) were determined by comparing matched normal and tumor tissue. The degree of immunohistochemical staining for MMR expression was associated with a shorter time to tumor recurrence, resistance to chemotherapy and death. Furthermore, clinical relapse and cancer specific death was also associated with tumors exhibiting a high degree of MSI, p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively. In contrast, LOH was not associated with recurrence, resistance to chemotherapy or death. Therefore, MMR expression defines testis cancers with distinct molecular properties and clinical behavior, such that tumors with decreased MMR immunostaining and/or increased frequency of MSI have a shorter time to recurrence and death despite chemotherapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vaccine‐related HPV genotypes in women with and without cervical cancer in Mozambique: Burden and potential for prevention
Authors: Castellsagué Xavier , Klaustermeier JoEllen , Carrilho Carla , Albero Ginesa , Sacarlal Jahit , Quint Wim , Kleter Bernhard , Lloveras Belen , Ismail Mamudo Rafik , de Sanjosé Silvia , Bosch F. Xavier , Alonso Pedro , Menéndez Clara
Published: December 2007

Knowledge about the burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Sub‐Saharan Africa is very limited. We collected cervical samples from 262 women from the general population and 241 tumor samples from women with invasive cervical cancer in Mozambique and tested them for HPV genotyping by the SPF10‐LiPA25 PCR system. Among the 195 women without cervical abnormalities by cytology HPV prevalence was 75.9%. In this group of women, the most frequently identified HPV types among HPV‐positive women were in descending order of frequency: HPV51 (23.6%), HPV35 (19.6%), HPV18 (14.2%), HPV31 (13.5%) and HPV52 (12.8%). In women with cervical cancer HPV DNA detection was 100%. The type‐specific distribution of the most frequent types in descending order of frequency was: HPV16 (47.0%), HPV18 (31.3%), HPV51 (14.8%), HPV52 (14.3%), HPV45 (12.6%), HPV35 (10.4%), HPV33 (4.8%) and HPV31 (2.6%). HPVs 16/18 and HPVs 16/18/31/45 were detected in 71.7% and 80.9% of cervical cancer tissue, respectively. While HPVs 51 and 35 were the two most common types in cytologically normal women in Mozambique, HPVs 16 and 18 remained the two most frequently identified types in cervical cancer. The introduction of an efficacious HPV 16/18 vaccine could potentially prevent the occurrence of 72% of cervical cancer cases and up to 81% of the cases if full cross‐protection against HPVs 31 and 45 is assumed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nox1 downstream of 12‐lipoxygenase controls cell proliferation but not cell spreading of colon cancer cells
Authors: de Carvalho Daniela D. , Sadok Amine , Bourgarel‐Rey Véronique , Gattacceca Florence , Penel Claude , Lehmann Maxime , Kovacic Hervé
Published: December 2007

The catalytic subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex, Nox1 (homologue of gp91phox/Nox2), expressed mainly in intestinal epithelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, functions in innate immune defense and cell proliferation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these functions, however, are not completely understood. We measured Nox1‐dependent Oproduction during cell spreading on Collagen IV (Coll IV) in colon carcinoma cell lines. Knocking down Nox1 by shRNA, we showed that Nox1‐dependent Oproduction is activated during cell spreading after 4 hr of adhesion on Collagen IV. Nox1 activation during cell spreading relies on Rac1 activation and arachidonic metabolism. Our results showed that manoalide (a secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitor) and cinnamyl‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐α‐cyanocinnamate (a 12‐lipoxygenase inhibitor) inhibit Oproduction, cell spreading and cell proliferation in these colonic epithelial cells. 12‐Lipoxygenase inhibition of ROS production and cell spreading can be reversed by adding 12‐HETE, a 12‐lipoxygenase product, supporting the specific effect observed with cinnamyl‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐α‐cyanocinnamate. In contrast, Nox1 shRNA and DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) weakly affect cell spreading while inhibiting Oproduction and cell proliferation. These results suggest that the 12‐lipoxygenase pathway is upstream of Nox1 activation and controls cell spreading and proliferation, while Nox1 specifically affects cell proliferation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitroxyl inhibits breast tumor growth and angiogenesis
Authors: Norris Andrew J. , Sartippour Maryam R. , Lu Ming , Park Taylor , Rao Jian Yu , Jackson Matthew I. , Fukuto Jon M. , Brooks Mai N.
Published: December 2007

Nitroxyl (HNO) can inhibit the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Because of the importance of glycolysis in many malignant cells, we thus propose that HNO can adversely affect tumor growth. This hypothesis was tested using in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. We report here for the first time that HNO suppresses the proliferation of both estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive and ER‐negative human breast cancer cell lines, in a dose dependent manner. Mice treated with HNO either injected into the tumor itself or via the intraperitoneal approach had smaller xenograft tumor size. In addition to significantly decreased blood vessel density in the HNO‐treated tumors, we observed lower levels of circulating serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Accordingly, there was a decrease in total HIF‐1α (hypoxia‐inducible factor) protein in HNO‐treated tumor cells. Further studies showed inhibition of GAPDH activity in HNO‐treated human breast cancer cell lines and in HNO‐treated tumor tissue derived from xenografts. One explanation for the multiplicity of actions observed after HNO treatment could be the effect from the initial inhibition of GAPDH, providing a potential therapeutic avenue based upon blocking glycolysis resulting in decreased HIF‐1α, thus leading to angiogenesis inhibition. Therefore, HNO appears to act via mechanism(s) different from those of existing breast cancer drugs, making it a potential candidate to overcome known and emerging drug resistance pathways. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained release of complexed and naked DNA from polymer films
Authors: Ramgopal Y. , Mondal D. , Venkatraman S. S. , Godbey W. T.
Published: December 2007

Controlled release studies of DNA from polymers have been limited, with most studies concentrating on microsphere formulations. This report details a study done on the release and transfection efficiencies of pDNA‐lipofectamine complex (lipoplex), from selected polymeric films in which it was dispersed; the release and transfection efficiency was compared with that of naked pDNA. A biodegradable and a biostable polymer were compared. A sustained release profile was obtained from both the polymeric films. For the release of pDNA (naked DNA), a burst effect was always seen, and was suppressed using additives; for complexed pDNA (lipoplex), the release was slow, but could be accelerated using additives. The compositions of the released lipoplexes were also quantified in terms of the fraction that was complexed. In addition, the transfection efficiency of the released complexes and of the naked pDNA was determined in vitro using COS 7 cells. The results also demonstrated that bioactivity of the released complexed pDNA was superior to that of the released naked DNA. Such formulations may be useful for local sustained delivery of lipoplexes from implanted films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008