bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The BCC/B2 Morphologies in AlxNiCoFeCr High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Ma Yue , Jiang Beibei , Li Chunling , Wang Qing , Dong Chuang , Liaw Peter K , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian
Published: January 2017

The present work investigates primarily the morphology evolution of the body-centered-cubic (BCC)/B2 phases in AlxNiCoFeCr high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with increasing Al content, which has been neglected so far. There exist two types of microscopic morphologies of BCC and B2 phases in this HEA series: one is the weave-like morphology induced by the spinodal decomposition, and the other is the microstructure of a spherical disordered BCC precipitation on the ordered B2 matrix that appears in HEAs with a much higher Al content. The shape of coherent precipitates is found to be closely related to the lattice misfit between BCC and B2 phases, which is sensitive to Al. The mechanical properties, including the compressive yielding strength and microhardness of the AlxNiCoFeCr HEAs, are also discussed in light of the concept of the valence electron concentration (VEC).
Article Retracted
Authors: IRA Editorial
Published: January 2017

The article has been retracted on authors request.
Risk-Adjusted Hospital Outcomes in Medicare Total Joint Replacement Surgical Procedures
Authors: Fry Donald E. , Pine Michael , Nedza Susan M. , Locke David G. , Reband Agnes M. , Pine Gregory
Published: January 2017

Background:

Comparative measurement of hospital outcomes can define opportunities for care improvement and will assume great importance as alternative payment models for inpatient total joint replacement surgical procedures are introduced. The purpose of this study was to develop risk-adjusted models for Medicare inpatient and post-discharge adverse outcomes in elective lower-extremity total joint replacement and to apply these models for hospital comparison.

Methods:

Hospitals with ≥50 qualifying cases of elective total hip replacement and total knee replacement from the Medicare Limited Data Set database of 2010 to 2012 were studied. Logistic risk models were designed for adverse outcomes of inpatient mortality, prolonged length-of-stay outliers in the index hospitalization, 90-day post-discharge deaths without readmission, and 90-day readmissions after excluding non-related readmissions. For each hospital, models were used to predict total adverse outcomes, the number of standard deviations from the mean (z-scores) for hospital performance, and risk-adjusted adverse outcomes for each hospital.

Results:

A total of 253,978 patients who underwent total hip replacement and 672,515 patients who underwent total knee replacement were studied. The observed overall adverse outcome rates were 12.0% for total hip replacement and 11.6% for total knee replacement. The z-scores for 1,483 hospitals performing total hip replacements varied from −5.09 better than predicted to +5.62 poorer than predicted; 98 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations better than predicted and 142 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations poorer than predicted. The risk-adjusted adverse outcome rate for these hospitals was 6.6% for the best-decile hospitals and 19.8% for the poorest-decile hospitals. The z-scores for the 2,349 hospitals performing total knee replacements varied from −5.85 better than predicted to +11.75 poorer than predicted; 223 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations better than predicted and 319 hospitals were ≥2 standard deviations poorer than predicted. The risk-adjusted adverse outcome rate for these hospitals was 6.4% for the best-decile hospitals and 19.3% for the poorest-decile hospitals.

Conclusions:

Risk-adjusted outcomes demonstrate wide variability and illustrate the need for improvement among poorer-performing hospitals for bundled payments of joint replacement surgical procedures.

Clinical Relevance:

Adverse outcomes are known to occur in the experience of all clinicians and hospitals. The risk-adjusted benchmarking of hospital performance permits the identification of adverse events that are potentially preventable.
Repeat Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Knee Infection Is Dependent on Host Grade
Authors: Fehring Keith A. , Abdel Matthew P. , Ollivier Matthieu , Mabry Tad M. , Hanssen Arlen D.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Two-stage exchange arthroplasty after a previous, failed 2-stage exchange procedure is fraught with difficulties, and there are no clear guidelines for treatment or prognosis given the heterogeneous group of patients in whom this procedure has been performed. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) staging system was developed in an attempt to stratify patients according to infection type, host status, and local soft-tissue status. The purpose of this study was to report the results of 2-stage exchange arthroplasty following a previous, failed 2-stage exchange protocol for periprosthetic knee infection as well as to identify risk factors for failure.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified 45 patients who had undergone 2 or more 2-stage exchange arthroplasties for periprosthetic knee infection from 2000 to 2013. Patients were stratified according to the MSIS system, and risk factors for failure were analyzed. The minimum follow-up was 2 years (mean, 6 years; range, 24 to 132 months).

Results:

At the time of follow-up, twenty-two (49%) of the patients had undergone another revision due to infection and 28 (62%) had undergone another revision for any reason. The infection recurred in 6 (75%) of 8 substantially immunocompromised hosts (MSIS type C) and in 3 (30%) of 10 uncompromised hosts (type A) following the second 2-stage exchange arthroplasty (p = 0.06). The infection recurred in 4 (80%) of 5 patients with compromise of the extremity (MSIS type 3) and 3 (33%) of 9 patients with an uncompromised extremity (type 1) (p = 0.27). Both extremely compromised hosts with an extremely compromised extremity (type C3) had recurrence of the infection whereas 3 (30%) of the 10 uncompromised patients with no or less compromise of the extremity (type A1 or A2) did. Five patients in the failure group underwent a third 2-stage exchange arthroplasty following reinfection, and 3 of them were infection-free at the time of the latest follow-up.

Conclusions:

Uncompromised hosts (MSIS type A) with an acceptable wound (MSIS type 1 or 2) had a 70% rate of success (7 of 10) after a repeat 2-stage exchange arthroplasty, whereas type-B2 hosts had a 50% success rate (10 of 20). The repeat 2-stage exchange procedure failed in both type-C3 hosts; thus, alternative salvage procedures should be considered for such patients.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Comparison of Matched and Unmatched Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants from 2006 to 2014: Data from the National Resident Matching Program
Authors: Schrock John B. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Dayton Michael R. , McCarty Eric C.
Published: January 2017

Background:

The Association of American Medical Colleges publishes residency match data and reports through the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) every year. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in orthopaedic surgery residency matching data and characteristics of successful applicants to counsel medical students with regard to their chances of matching.

Methods:

The annual reports of the NRMP were searched annually from 2006 to 2014 to determine the number of orthopaedic surgery residency positions available, the number of applicants, and the match rate among applicants. Comparisons were performed between matched applicants and unmatched applicants with regard to the number of contiguous ranks and distinct specialties, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores, number of research experiences and research products (abstracts, presentations, posters, publications), and proportion of Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) Honor Medical Society members and students at a top-40, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded medical school.

Results:

The number of orthopaedic surgery positions available and number of applicants increased at a mean rate of 9 positions and 65 applicants per year (p = 0.11). The mean number of contiguous ranks for U.S. senior medical students was 11.5 for those who matched and 5.5 for those who did not match (p < 0.0001). The USMLE scores for applicants who matched were significantly greater than for those who did not match in each category: Step-1 scores for U.S. seniors (p < 0.001) and independent applicants (p = 0.039), and Step-2 scores for U.S. seniors (p < 0.01) and independent applicants (p = 0.026). The mean number of research products was significantly greater for matched U.S. seniors compared with unmatched U.S. seniors (p = 0.035). A significantly higher proportion of matched U.S. seniors compared with unmatched U.S. seniors were AOA members and students at a top-40, NIH-funded medical school (both p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

Successful applicants in the Match for orthopaedic surgery residency have higher USMLE Step-1 and 2 scores, number of research experiences and research products, and contiguous ranks. A higher proportion of successful applicants are AOA members and students at a top-40, NIH-funded medical school.
A Dedicated Orthopaedic Trauma Operating Room Improves Efficiency at a Pediatric Center
Authors: Brusalis Christopher M. , Shah Apurva S. , Luan Xianqun , Lutts Meaghan K. , Sankar Wudbhav N.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating rooms have improved operating room efficiency, physician schedules, and patient outcomes in adult populations. The purpose of this study was to determine if a dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room was associated with improved patient flow and cost savings at a level-I pediatric trauma center.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was performed for two 3-year intervals before and after implementation of a weekday, unbooked operating room reserved for orthopaedic trauma cases. Index procedures for 5 common fractures were investigated, including supracondylar humeral fractures, both bone forearm fractures, lateral condylar fractures, tibial fractures, and femoral fractures. To provide a control group to account for potential extrinsic changes in hospital efficiency, laparoscopic appendectomies were also analyzed. For each procedure, efficiency parameters and surgical complications, defined as unplanned reoperations, were compared between time periods. The mean cost reduction per patient was calculated on the basis of the mean daily cost of an inpatient hospital bed.

Results:

Of 1,469 orthopaedic procedures analyzed, 719 cases occurred before the implementation of the dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room, and 750 cases were performed after the implementation. The frequency of after-hours procedures (5 p.m. to 7 a.m.) was reduced by 48% (p < 0.001). The mean wait time for the operating room decreased among supracondylar humeral fractures, lateral condylar fractures, and tibial fractures, whereas no significant decrease (p = 0.302) occurred among 2,076 laparoscopic appendectomy cases. The mean duration of the surgical procedure and the mean time in the operating room were not significantly affected. Across all orthopaedic procedures, the mean duration of inpatient hospitalization decreased by 5.6 hours (p < 0.001), but no significant difference occurred among appendectomies. Decreased length of stay resulted in a mean cost reduction of $1,251 per patient. Supracondylar humeral fracture cases performed after implementation of the dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room had fewer surgical complications (p = 0.018). No difference in complication rate was detected among the other orthopaedic procedures.

Conclusions:

A dedicated orthopaedic trauma operating room in a pediatric trauma center was associated with fewer after-hours procedures, decreased wait time to the surgical procedure, reduced length of hospitalization, and decreased cost.
The Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: January 2017

➤ Medial elbow pain in the throwing athlete can result from a variety of sources, including medial epicondylitis, valgus extension overload, ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) insufficiency, ulnar neuritis, and others.

➤ Initial treatment following a UCL tear involves a period of rest (no throwing or strenuous use of the elbow) followed by rehabilitation and a graduated throwing program.

➤ UCL reconstruction (UCLR) has become the preferred surgical treatment method for patients with a symptomatic, deficient UCL who wish to return to sports.

➤ Several modifications to the original technique described by Jobe et al. have been proposed, including a muscle-splitting approach, a docking technique, and the use of various grafts, including hamstring autograft and several types of allografts.

➤ The timing of return to sport following UCLR varies from patient to patient, with some patients being able to return within 12 months and others taking >18 months. Although the literature varies, typically >80% of patients are able to return to the same level of sport following UCLR.
The zooming Albanian factor in the nineteenth century, through Western lenses
Authors: Salihu MSc. Arben
Published: January 2017

The developments of the nineteenth century were determining for the history of Balkan region as it shaped the future of many generations to come, resulting in (mainly) growing discontents that led to several wars during the last century. It was beginning of the decay of the Ottoman Empire that many longed for, and many nations used every opportunity to take a full advantage of it. The aim of this work is to explore exclusively (only) Western sources in an attempt to provide, as much as possible, an objective and neutral picture. Therefore, the idea behind the decision to examine non-Balkan sources is impartiality, in order to bring the reader as close as possible to the reality of the nineteenth century. A number of nineteenth century books, magazines and newspapers of the time, by respective Western authors, are explored and analysed. Reading and examining a large volume of data and information of this period, offers a unique sense of feeling, similar to that of living the nineteenth century world. Albanians, who have historically populated the heart of Balkans, are focal point of this region (in many of the regional and international sources) for this particular period, vis-à-vis the Ottoman governance as well as relations with other regional neighbours. Their contribution to the history of nations in the region was unquestionably critical, but their conduct in relations to their own cause has produced an unproductive image, portrayed often with confused and incomprehensible deeds. By using authentic sources of the time, the study intends to develop arguments on many points raised, like population and religion. This work also touches briefly the sensitive issue of education in the region and initial Albanian inputs in the history of Balkan education map. Finally the study concludes that Albanians’ altruism and largely visionless focus, produced a relatively expected detrimental outcome.
Evaluation of the Current States of Older Employees: The Case in Ankara
Authors: Hastürk Dr.Sc. Ertan Yesari , Uzel Dr.Sc. Murat
Published: January 2017

This study was performed on the older employees who work in small and medium sized enterprises in Ankara in Turkey. This study involved a survey consisting of 16 questions that applied to the employees. 61 females and 103 males within a total 164 employees who were aged over 55 participated in the survey. Current situations which were about the demographic structures, working conditions, problems of workplace and health problems of the employees, were determined by the survey. 63% of the employees consist of workers who were previously entitled to pension. Moreover 64% of the employees were aged 55-59, 27% were 60-64 and 9% were over aged 65. There are no female employees aged over 65. All of the retired employees stated that their salaries were insufficient to meet the needs. 13% of the participants were white-collar worker, 50% of them have worked in the jobs needing physical power. 20% of the participants said that they benefited from their previous experiences. 69% of the employees complained about a chronic disease. There were no employees who work although it is prohibited due to the health problems. 14% of the employees stated that they will continue to work even if they have adequate financial means and none of them were female. It is observed that generally older employees encounter many problems. It is observed that it would be wrong that older employees were isolated from their work environments by improving their opportunities. Absolutely it should be exploited from the personal experiences of these employees.
Not-recognizing policy within the minority EU members - Challenge for Kosovo’s Integration and Regional Peace-building
Authors: Dalipi Dr.Sc. Samet
Published: January 2017

Act of Recognition is the matter regulated by international law. After declaration of independence, Kosovo’s path toward EU integration is going to be problematic for Kosovo institutions and challenging for EU foreign policy.  Even though Kosovo was recognized by major international actors as sui generis case, some of them see this case as precedent and harmful for supposed developments within their jurisdictions, especially by 5 EU not recognizing countries. The article aims to justify the proclamation of independence by Kosovo institutions and to analyze the possible negative effects deriving from non-recognition policy for Kosovo and its new fragile democracy, hampering the democratic peace.  The policy of minor EU member states, contesting Kosovo’s statehood based on the assumption that the act of recognition will open a dangerous path for secession-minded national minorities in their own countries, taking into account that through (non)recognition, states attempt to continue or change the existing order at international relations. Postponing Kosovo’s recognition by the rest of EU members will accumulate negative potentials within the new state, with possible consequences for the region.
A review on drug approval process in US, Europe and India-dossier, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies
Authors: Madagoni Krishna , Saidireddy Uppunuri , . Himaja
Published: January 2017

Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs (PRA) is a vital unit in a pharmaceutical company that successfully drives the Research and Development (RandD) efforts of the company to the market. In the present scenario, countries have different regulatory requirements for approval of a new drug. The single regulatory approach for marketing authorization application (MAA) of a new drug product applicable to various countries (on the basis of single dossier) is utmost difficult. Therefore, the knowledge of exact and detailed regulatory requirements for MAA of each country should be known to establish a suitable regulatory strategy. CTD was developed with the aim to provide a common format for the technical documentation that would significantly reduce the time and resources needed to compile applications for registration of human pharmaceuticals and would ease the preparation of electronic submissions. Bioavailability and bioequivalence testing are essential in the drug development process as they create the foundation for regulatory decision making when evaluating formulation changes and lot-to-lot consistency in innovator products. They also serve as the primary components to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence between generic products and the reference innovator product. This article will focus the similarities and differences in drug approval process and requirements of the documents/CTD specifications to the drug regulatory authorities in the Europe, USA and India also focuses on submission and work flow related to bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
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Authors: Santos Fernando Almeida
Published: January 2017

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Lichen biomonitoring, a valuable proxy for interpreting climate change phenomenon in Himalayas: exploring causes for glacier lake outburst flood in Kedarnath region
Authors: Shukla Vertika , Upreti D. K. , Semwal Manoj
Published: January 2017

The devastating flood arising due to lake outburst flood in Kedarnath region of
Uttarakhand (16-17th June 2013) is the witness of nature’s fury and unprecedented
changes in the climatic condition at regional as well as global level. Apart from
geological and climatic factors, localize factors such as excessive practice of mass
tourism, vehicular movement, human activity in high altitude eco-sensitive areas
have been held responsible for increasing of temperature and destruction of
glaciers.
Cloudbursts are mainly trigger by regional topography that lead to the lifting of
moisture-laden winds and forming of a cumulonimbus cloud, associated with
thunderstorm and heavy precipitation. Cloudbursts are common in the western
Himalaya which may be attributed to disturbed ecological condition of Western
Himalayas because of high anthropogenic pressure and local warming (Das 2015). A
number of studies are available on monsoon cycling, western disturbance, aerosol
movement and fine carbon soot to understand the cause of flash flood.
Potencial y eficiencia de producción de semilla de Pinus engelmannii Carr., en tres rodales semilleros del estado de Durango, México
Authors: Bustamante-García Verónica , Prieto-Ruíz José Ángel , Merlín-Bermudes Enrique , Álvarez-Zagoya Rebeca , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Hernández-Díaz José Ciro
Published: January 2017

Se determinó el potencial y la eficiencia de producción de semilla de Pinus engelmannii Carr. entres rodales semilleros: El Encinal y Las Cumbres, municipio de Durango, Dgo. y La Florida, municipio deSan Dimas, Dgo. En cada rodal se seleccionaron 10 árboles, con una separación mínima de 50 m; decada árbol se colectaron 10 conos, éstos fueron secados al aire libre para desprender las escamas ycuantificar potencial productivo, semillas desarrolladas, óvulos abortados en el primero y segundo año dedesarrollo, y escamas infértiles superiores e inferiores. De cada rodal se escogieron al azar 400 semillas,a las cuales se les hicieron pruebas de rayos X para cuantificar: semilla llena, vana y dañada por insectos;además, se determinó su germinación. Se encontró que en el rodal El Encinal existió el más alto potencialproductivo con 171,9 semillas por cono, así como de semilla desarrollada con 143,7 semillas por cono.En Las Cumbres se registraron los mejores valores de semilla llena (77,2%) y de germinación (98,1%). Elmayor aborto de óvulos en el primer año ocurrió en La Florida con 38,2 semillas por cono, lo que reflejaautopolinización o daño por Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann en las primeras fases de desarrollo dela semilla. El daño por insectos más intenso se observó en El Encinal con 7,0% de la semilla afectada. Lamayor eficiencia de producción de semilla se encontró en Las Cumbres con 66,9%, mientras que en ElEncinal y La Florida el porcentaje fue menor a 41,0%.
A Review and Research Methodology of Chinese University EFL Students’ Perspectives on Anxiety in Native and Non-Native English Speaker Classes
Authors: Zheng Huibin
Published: January 2017

The aim of this paper is to reveal how native and non-native speaker EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers influence students’ levels of Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) in classrooms. Researchers in the area of second and foreign language acquisition have long been studying the role that anxiety plays among foreign language learners. Their findings are reported and analyzed in the first part of this paper. Then, research methodology is presented on two groups of students (180 in total) of whom 90 is in NS (Native Speaker) class and 90 in NNS (Non-Native Speaker) class taking English as a foreign language course for 4 hours a week at one university in China.
From Race War to Socialist Racism: Foucault’s Second Transcription
Authors: Erlenbusch Verena
Published: January 2017

Since the publication of Michel Foucault’s lectures at the Collège de France, his position on race and racism has received much attention. The focus of discussion has largely been on his genealogy of biological racism as a feature of modern biopolitics. His account of social racism, by contrast, remains largely unexamined. Thus, the aim of this paper is to reconstruct and substantiate Foucault’s cursory remarks of the transcription of the historical discourse of race war into social racism. After contextualizing Foucault’s discussion of racism and outlining his account of two transcriptions undergone by the discourse of race war into biological and social racism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, I draw on the writings of the social revolutionary Lev Tikhomirov as well as Peter Holquist’s analysis of Soviet state violence as a technique of population management to give some substance to Foucault’s rather vague outline of a possible genealogy of social racism.
Protestation and Mobilization in the Middle East and North Africa: A Foucauldian Model
Authors: Pourmokhtari Navid
Published: January 2017

Michel Foucault has inspired a rich body of work in the field of critical social theory and the social sciences in general. Few scholars working in the area of social movement studies, however, have applied a Foucauldian perspective to examining the twin phenomena of social mobilization and collective action. This may stem, in large part, from the commonly held assumption that Foucault had far more to say about ‘regimes of power’ than ever about mobilization and collective action or contention politics in general. Be that as it may, a close interrogation of his work reveals the broad contours of a theoretical framework for analyzing social movements whose chief merit lies in a sensitivity to the sociopolitical context within which oppositional movements form, develop and conduct their operations.     This paper aims at delineating what a Foucauldian model of social movements would entail, with specific reference to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), a region traditionally consigned to the margins of social movement studies. An enquiry of this kind is important because, as I argue, the leading mainstream social movement theories that have been applied to contemporary MENA cases invariably fall short of fully elucidating the phenomenon of mass mobilization. Specifically, leading mainstream theories are prone to certain universalistic assumptions and ‘West-centric’ orientations that render them incapable of accounting for the specificities of MENA cases. I shall demonstrate how a Foucauldian perspective on social movements can bypass the problem of applicability to the MENA region by mapping out a theoretical framework whose chief merit lies in a sensitivity to the sociopolitical context within which oppositional movements form, develop and conduct their operations. At the same time, I argue that a Foucauldian model transcends social movement theories with their linear conception of social and political progress, their exclusivist understanding of sociopolitical ‘development’ and ‘modernist’ assumptions by advancing an account of ‘multiple modernities.’
La reacción de la iglesia católica colombiana frente a la secularización de la esfera sexual y reproductiva (1960-1980)
Authors: Bastidas Luis Bernardo , Beltrán William Mauricio
Published: January 2017

Si bien la Iglesia católica ha sido desde la Colonia la institución religiosa hegemónica en Colombia, ésta ha perdido control sobre diferentes esferas, incluyendo la vida privada, especialmente desde la segunda mitad del Siglo XX. Significativos cambios culturales, el crecimiento demográfico, el auge de los medios de comunicación, mayores posibilidades de estudio, trabajo y avances jurídicos a favor de las mujeres, así como el debilitamiento del púlpito y la confesión como espacios de control social, favorecieron la transformación de las ideas alrededor de la sexualidad y el modelo tradicional de familia. Este artículo se encarga de mostrar cómo en Colombia, pese a la férrea oposición de la Iglesia y los esfuerzos que hizo por mantener y divulgar los valores católicos, la esfera sexual y reproductiva ha logrado secularizarse, es decir ha logrado amplia autonomía. Hoy es considerada como algo íntimo (privado) y la influencia católica sobre la misma es mínima.
O self-service do proibido: a festa de exu em um terreiro de umbanda na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Campos Ana Paula de Souza , Maia Cleiton Machado
Published: January 2017

A problemática deste trabalho gira em torno da figura simbólica do exu. Segundo a cosmologia da religião umbanda transmitida através da tradição oral e de livros nativos e não-nativos, exu representa uma das linhagens de espíritos incorporados por médiuns dessa religião e é representado como uma figura marcada por uma dualidade moral entre o “sagrado” e o “profano”. É conhecido por ser ambíguo, marginal, liminar. É a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, segundo o método do trabalho de campo, em festas em comemoração a exu na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro que este trabalho pretende analisar como a relação entre o “sagrado” e o “profano” faz com que as festividades para essas entidades sejam construídas enquanto uma predileção entre médiuns e visitantes dos terreiros em questão. A exemplo disso traremos a experiência de um terreiro em específico onde as festas, são as mais procurados pelo público sendo conhecidas como as festas do “self-service”, festas em que são servidas bebidas e comidas à vontade aos visitantes. As festas do self-service são procuradas como um espaço de contato com o sagrado, entretanto, é também em busca do “profano”, representado na figura do exu, que as pessoas visitam o terreiro.
Emergência e ascensão dos protestantismos no Haiti: um panorama histórico
Authors: Mézié Nadège
Published: January 2017

Este artigo pretende contribuir com a compreensão das dinâmicas do campo protestante no Haiti trazendo um panorama histórico da emergência desta religião no país. A maior parte dos estudos sobre as práticas religiosas haitianas dos séculos XIX e XX se focalizam no catolicismo e no vodu, negligenciando a presença protestante. No entanto, para melhor compreender a paisagem religiosa atual, o crescimento acelerado dos protestantismos a partir da década de 1980 e as relações entre as diferentes religiões presentes no país, é indispensável considerar a história do fenômeno protestante, sob a ótica da longa duração. O artigo apresenta também uma breve descrição dos caminhos atuais dos protestantismos no Haiti à partir de três pontos centrais: a presença dos protestantismos no espaço público das cidades haitianas, a participação de pastores protestantes na vida política do país e o papel da diáspora haitiana na dinâmicas protestantes locais.
Assímptota do Inefável: Corporeidade, alteridade e teoria da religião
Authors: Csordas Thomas J.
Published: January 2017

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Comentário
Authors: Steil Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2017

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Comentário
Authors: Csordas Thomas J.
Published: January 2017

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Comment
Authors: Bivar C. Campos Roberta
Published: January 2017

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Comment
Authors: Steil Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2017

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Pagnelli, Pía. P(r)o(f)etas del reino: literatura y teología de la liberación en Brasil. Buenos Aires: Editorial Imago Mundi, 2015
Authors: Lavazza Hugo
Published: January 2017

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Extractive purification of hydro-treated gas oil with N-methylpyrrolidone
Authors: Bedda Kahina , Hamada Boudjema , Kuzichkin Nikolay , Semikin Kirill
Published: January 2017

The purification of a hydrotreated gas oil by liquid-liquid extraction with
N-methylpyrrolidone as solvent has been studied. The results showed that this
method, under appropriate experimental conditions, has reduced sulphur
content of the gas oil from 174 ppm to 28 ppm, nitrogen content has decreased
from 58 ppm to 15 ppm, aromatics content has diminished from 27.1 % to 13.8 %
and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were totally extracted. The refined
gas oil obtained can be used to produce clean diesel fuel for the
environment.
The effect of inorganic anions and organic matter on mesotrione (Callisto®) removal from environmental waters
Authors: Sojic-Merkulov Daniela , Lazarevic Marina , Despotovic Vesna , Banic Nemanja , Fincur Nina , Maletic Snezana , Abramovic Biljana
Published: January 2017

The photocatalytic elimination of the herbicide mesotrione from the commercial formulation Callisto? in environmental and synthetic waters by means of heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes was investigated. The activities of the commercial photocatalyst TiO2 Degussa P25 (TiO2) and ZnO in the degradation of mesotrione under UVA and simulated sunlight in doubly distilled, ground and in river water was compared. Environmental waters as the matrix significantly lowered the removal rate (by about 4 and 1.5 times for TiO2 and ZnO, respectively) under UVA irradiation. Besides, the organic additives from Callisto? also reduced the degradation rate of mesotrione. The effects of inorganic anions (Cl-, SO4 2- and HCO3 -) and humic acid (HA), which were identified as major species in ground and river water, was evaluated. It was found that Cl?(pH ?4 and ?8) and HCO3 - (pH ?8) using TiO2 mainly accelerated the degradation rate of mesotrione, while SO4 2- had the opposite effect at pH ?4 and did not affect the degradation rate at pH ?8. Furthermore, HA mainly did not significantly affect the degradation rate of mesotrione at pH ?4 and ?8. Moreover, almost all anions, and HA slightly inhibited the degradation rate of mesotrione in synthetic water using ZnO.
Examination of the influence of different adjuvants on the immunogenicity of vaccines against parainfluenza 3 virus in cattle
Authors: Nisavic Jakov , Kustudic-Nikoletic Natasa , Milic Nenad , Zoric Andrea
Published: January 2017

The objective of our research was to examine the influence of different
adjuvants on immunogenicity of vaccine against parainfluenza 3 virus in
cattle. In the research there was used the commercial vaccine Respi-ol
against PI3 virus in cattle, produced by VZS from Subotica as well as the
experimental vaccine against the same virus prepared with completed adjuvant
Emulsigen. The research was performed on two experimental groups of 12 calves
each. The animals were immunized twice, in the interval of 21 days. The third
group of 6 calves was a control. The results of the research showed that a
smaller amount of adjuvent Emulsigen per vaccine dose provided a satisfactory
height of titre of virus neu?tralizing antibodies in the blood serum samples
of vaccinated calves in regard to prescribed greater amount of standard oil
adjuvant contained in commercial Respi-ol vaccine.
Simulation of the Wear and Handling Performance Trade-off by Using Multi-objective Optimization and TameTire
Authors: Anderson Jeffery R. , McPillan Erin
Published: January 2017

Optimization is a key tool used by automakers to efficiently design and manufacture vehicles. During vehicle design, much effort is devoted to efficiently simulate and optimize as many vehicle parameters as possible to save development costs during physical testing. One area of vehicle development that heavily relies on physical testing and subjective driver feedback is the tire design process. Optimizing tire parameters relies either on this subjective feedback from trained drivers, or use of existing tire data or scaling of a reference tire model simulate the desired design change and provide feedback. These data are often difficult to obtain and properly scale to represent the appropriate design changes. Michelin's TameTire model is a force and moment tire model. It includes thermal tire effects and is physically derived, thereby allowing quick access to scaling factors to change a tire's behavior based on pertinent tire design changes such as tread depth and tread stiffness. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization is performed to observe the trade-off between tire wear and handling performance by using the scaling factors available in the TameTire model.
Preparation of Land Use Zoning Maps of Chaumala VDC, Kailali
Authors: Chalise Devraj , Joshi Abhasha , Twanabasu Bikesh , Rawal Nabin , Amgai Saroj
Published: January 2017

To characterize soils of different land uses and to prepare land use zoning maps, a field survey was conducted in August, 2014 in Chaumala VDC, Kailali. Main objective was to prepare scientific land resource inventory at VDC level to delineate land use based on land types, associated soils and land capability classes to formulate sustainable land use planning. The maximum area is allocated in forest zone (66.62%) followed by agriculture zone (20.83%). Area allocated as public use is 9.48%, for residential is 2.91%, and for commercial is 0.15% whereas industrial area covers the minimum (0.01%). Detailed land resource inventory is utmost for better land use planning and formulating best land use policies.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 458-463
Diversity Assessment of Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica L. Beauv) Accessions Collected from Different Locations of Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Manoj , Pandey Madhav Prasad , Thapa Dhruba Bahadur , Yadav Mukesh Kumar , Ghimire Sapana , Timalsina Dipak
Published: January 2017

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv) categorized as an underutilized crop in Nepal persist a large diversity among different germplasms and accessions found in the country. Ten foxtail millet accessions were collected from different parts of Nepal and were evaluated for assessing the diversity in different characters at Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur, Chitwan. The accessions were experimented in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Observations were taken for qualitative traits i.e. tip of first leaf, anthocyanin at leaf base, lobe compactness, length of bristles, anthocyanin presence, leaf blade altitude, flag leaf color, lobe in panicles, panicle lodging, inflorescence compactness, overall color, panicle anthocyanin, panicle shape and growth habit. Shannon Weiner index and Evenness were calculated to assess the diversity in the accessions under study. The maximum number of diversity in traits of lobe compactness of panicle (1.3624) followed by panicle lodging (1.1595), inflorescence compactness (1.1235) and length of bristles (1.0681). Least diversity was observed in trait of growth habit (0.3926) followed by panicle anthocyanin coloration (0.4505) and lobes in panicles (0.5799). The finding of existence of wide diversity in the studied accessions could be a pivotal information for further study of genetic variation of foxtail millet germplasms.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 483-488
Comparative Study on Plant Growth Promotion by Endophytic Pseudomonas Spp. and Bacillus Spp. of Solanum Lycopersicum
Authors: Mishra Sampada , Mahato Saroj Kumar , Basi Sabin , Basi-Chipalu Shradha
Published: January 2017

Minimization of deleterious effects of chemical fertilizers on health, ecosystem and economy can only be achieved by finding healthy, eco-friendly and cheap alternatives. Naturally selected symbiotic relationship between the endophytic bacteria and their host plants makes them an ideal candidate as biofertilizer. They can synthesize various plant growth hormones as well as assist their host in uptake of nutrients from soil.The study was designed to compare plant growth promotion of Solanum lycopersicum by Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and total endophytic community isolated from roots of S. lycopersicum, grown in the soil samples collected from various locations of Kathmandu valley of Nepal. Tomato seeds were inoculated with mixtures of eight endophytic strains of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp., and crude endophytes obtained from each location separately.Endophytic treatments, except Pseudomonas spp., inhibited seminal root growth during 12-days germination period. However, after plantation, root and shoot biomass was enhanced by the endophytes, with no significant differences among the bacterial treatments. The shoot height was also enhanced, among which Pseudomonas spp. had the strongest effect. In phosphate solubilization assay, out of seventy-two isolates each of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. tested, twenty-four isolates of Pseudomonas spp. and sixteen isolates of Bacillus spp. could solubilize phosphate. Higher number of phosphate solubilizing isolates of Pseudomonas spp. might provide a possible explanation for the greater enhancement of shoot height by Pseudomonas spp. as compared to Bacillus spp.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 464-469
Ectopic Overexpression of Barley PIP2;4 Confers Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Mitra Jayeeta , Awasthi Jay Prakash , Panda Sanjib Kumar
Published: January 2017

In the present study HvPIP2;4 was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to engineer enhanced salt tolerance. Barley Aquaporin was selected since barley shows fairly good tolerance to drought, salt stress and low temperature compared to many other crops including rice, and it was thought that analysis of barley aquaporin will provide a good insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in transport of water & their efficacy during abiotic stress condition. Arabidopsis line expressing HvPIP2;4 from annual crop plant Hordeum vulgare (Barley) under the control of constitutive promoter was used to analyze the expression of HvPIP2; 4 and its efficacy during salt stress when NaCl concentration gradually increased. The pattern of expression of HvPIP2; 4 were found to be NaCl dose dependent during salt stress. The constitutive expression of HvPIP2;4 enhanced salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. HvPIP2;4 played a dominant role in improving plant salt tolerance. It may be very well presumed that overexpression of HvPIP2;4 in crop plant might benefit them by enhancing their salt tolerance capacity.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 498-512
Study on Genotypic Response and Correlation Analysis of the Yield and Yield Attributing Traits of Different Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Genotypes
Authors: Vitrakoti Deepak , Aryal Sheetal , Rasaily Santosh , Ojha Bishnu Raj , Kharel Raju , Sapkota Manoj
Published: January 2017

Barley, being a tremendous opportunities crop, we are far back regarding study, research and utilization. An experiment was conducted 2014-2015 to evaluate the barley genotypes for their yield attributing traits and correlation and causation. Eleven yield contributing traits viz., days to booting, heading and flowering; peduncle length, spike length, plant height, flag leaf area, flag leaf-1 area, thousand grain weight, biological weight and yield per hectare were recorded. High significant variation among genotypes was found for traits under study. Genotypes SBYT3-13#1115 (1960 kg), 14-SB-NAK-MR#17 (1760 kg) and AM POP#26 (1660 kg) were found to be superior for their per se performance based on grain yield per hectare, yield attributing and other quantitative traits. Thousand grains weight (0.333) had positively highest significant correlation with grain yield per hectare followed by spike length (0.310). Grain yield per hectare showed negative highly significant correlation with days to flowering (-0.796) followed by days to heading (-0.761) and days to booting (-0.663). Peduncle length (0.229), plant height (0.226), biological weight (0.181) and flag leaf area (0.032) were positively correlated with grain yield per hectare while flag leaf-1 area(-0.029) was negatively correlated. Thus, selection for genotypes with higher thousand grain weight and spike length accommodating earlier days to flowering, heading and booting is a prerequisite for attaining improvement in grain yield per hectare.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 529-536
Varietal Improvement of Wheat for Eastern Terai of Nepal
Authors: Prasai Hari Kumar
Published: January 2017

The regional varietal experiments of wheat were composed by selecting promising genotypes from coordinated varietal trial. Both early and late sown experiments of wheat regional varietal trial (RVT) were seeded in Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari, Nepal in 2014 and 2015. Late sown experiment was seeded after 15 days of early seeding experiment to identify suitable genotypes for delay seeding condition. Amongst the tested genotypes in RVT early of 2014 and 2015, the highest grain yield was produced by BL 3555 (3351 kg/ha) and BL 4018 (3309 kg/ha). Similarly BL 4012, BL 3978, BL 3264 and BL 4406 genotypes also recorded 12-18 percent higher grain yield than the yield of standard check variety, Aditya. All tested characters except spikes/m2 included in over year analysis of RVT early was found significantly different due to genotypes. Similarly out of the tested genotypes in RVT (late) of 2014 and 2015, NL 1177 (2933 kg/ha) and BL 3555 (2764 kg/ha) were found high yielding genotypes in combined analysis over year and grain yield of other tested genotypes was observed at par with check variety.  Days to heading, maturity, plant height and yrain yield of RVT (late sown) experiment were observed significantly different due to genotypes in over year analysis.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 519-524
Integrated Mode Choice and Dynamic Traveler Assignment in Multimodal Transit Networks: Mathematical Formulation, Solution Procedure, and Large-Scale Application
Authors: Verbas İ. Ömer , Mahmassani Hani S. , Hyland Michael F. , Halat Hooram
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces an integrated mode choice–multimodal transit assignment model and solution procedure intended for large-scale urban applications. The cross-nested logit mode choice model assigns travelers to car, transit, or park-and-ride. The dynamic multimodal transit assignment–simulation model determines minimum hyperpaths and assigns and simulates transit and park-and-ride travelers iteratively until the network approaches a state of equilibrium. After a given number of iterations, the updated transit network travel times are fed into the mode choice model and the model reassigns travelers to transit, car, or park-and-ride. The outer feedback loop between the mode choice model and the transit assignment model continues until the mode probabilities for each traveler do not change between iterations. A unique contribution of the method presented in this paper is that it reaches mode choice convergence with the use of disaggregate agents (travelers) instead of aggregate modal flows at the origin–destination level. The integrated model is successfully implemented on the Chicago Transit Agency’s bus and train network in Illinois. Different procedures for reaching convergence are tested; the results suggest that a gap-based formulation is more efficient than the method of successive averages.
Bicycle Headway Modeling and Its Applications
Authors: Hoogendoorn Serge , Daamen Winnie
Published: January 2017

Little is known about the microscopic operations of bicycle traffic. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to design and to analyze facilities that are also used by cyclists, as well as to assess their efficiency and safety. This paper puts forward a novel composite headway model for bicycle flows. On the basis of a working definition of a bicycle headway, the model assumes that the headway is the sum of the so-called empty zone (i.e., the minimum headway that a cyclist has with respect to the bicycle he or she is following) and the free headway (i.e., the additional headway that cyclists maintain when they are not following). Both headways are stochastic variables, given the high degree of heterogeneity in cyclists’ behavior. Further, a distribution-free model estimation approach is put forward to make it possible to identify the distributions of the empty zone and the free headway without the need to specify their functional form first. The workings of the model and the estimation method are illustrated with the use of data collected at a busy intersection in the Netherlands.