bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain tumor classification based on neural architecture search
Authors: Chitnis Shubham , Hosseini Ramtin , Xie Pengtao
Published: November 2022

Brain tumor is a life-threatening disease and causes about 0.25 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is frequently used for diagnosing brain tumors. In medically underdeveloped regions, physicians who can accurately diagnose and assess the severity of brain tumors from MRI are highly lacking. Deep learning methods have been developed to assist physicians in detecting brain tumors from MRI and determining their subtypes. In existing methods, neural architectures are manually designed by human experts, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this problem, we propose to automatically search for high-performance neural architectures for classifying brain tumors from MRIs, by leveraging a Learning-by-Self-Explanation (LeaSE) architecture search method. LeaSE consists of an explainer model and an audience model. The explainer aims at searching for a highly performant architecture by encouraging the architecture to generate high-fidelity explanations of prediction outcomes, where explanations’ fidelity is evaluated by the audience model. LeaSE is formulated as a four-level optimization problem involving a sequence of four learning stages which are conducted end-to-end. We apply LeaSE for MRI-based brain tumor classification, including four classes: glioma, meningioma, pituitary tumor, and healthy, on a dataset containing 3264 MRI images. Results show that our method can search for neural architectures that achieve better classification accuracy than manually designed deep neural networks while having fewer model parameters. For example, our method achieves a test accuracy of 90.6% and an AUC of 95.6% with 3.75M parameters while the accuracy and AUC of a human-designed network—ResNet101—is 84.5% and 90.1% respectively with 42.56M parameters. In addition, our method outperforms state-of-the-art neural architecture search methods.
Transgenerational effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Ghramh Hamed A. , Sadiq Nauman , Naqqash Muhammad Nadir , Abid Allah Ditta , Shahzad Sohail , Saeed Shafqat , Iqbal Naeem , Khan Khalid Ali
Published: November 2022

The hormetic effect may cause disease control measures to fail due to inadequate treatment of human disease vectors such as houseflies. Age-stage, two-sex life table is used for accurate estimation of the hermetic impacts on insects as it allows to study sub-lethal or transgenerational effects. Pyrethroids insecticides are primarily used for the management of houseflies. This study used lambda-cyhalothrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) to quantify its transgenerational impacts on houseflies. Life table parameters of a progeny of adult houseflies exposed to LC10, LC30, and LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were computed. Statistically higher fecundity (71.31 per female) was observed in control treatment, while it was the adults exposed to LC50 recorded the lowest progeny. Significantly higher values for intrinsic rate of growth (r), limiting rate of growth (λ), and net reproductive rate (Ro) (0.16, 1.16, and 31.38 per day, respectively) were recorded for the control treatment of the study. Contrarily, lower values for λ, Ro, and r were (0.10, 1.10, and 9.24 per day, respectively) were noted in the LC50 treatment. Decreased population parameters suggest that lambda-cyhalothrin can be successfully used in indoor environments to control houseflies.
Developing and validating a machine learning prognostic model for alerting to imminent deterioration of hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kogan Yuri , Robinson Ari , Itelman Edward , Bar-Nur Yeonatan , Jakobson Daniel Jorge , Segal Gad , Agur Zvia
Published: November 2022

Our study was aimed at developing and validating a new approach, embodied in a machine learning-based model, for sequentially monitoring hospitalized COVID-19 patients and directing professional attention to patients whose deterioration is imminent. Model development employed real-world patient data (598 prediction events for 210 patients), internal validation (315 prediction events for 97 patients), and external validation (1373 prediction events for 307 patients). Results show significant divergence in longitudinal values of eight routinely collected blood parameters appearing several days before deterioration. Our model uses these signals to predict the personal likelihood of transition from non-severe to severe status within well-specified short time windows. Internal validation of the model's prediction accuracy showed ROC AUC of 0.8 and 0.79 for prediction scopes of 48 or 96 h, respectively; external validation showed ROC AUC of 0.7 and 0.73 for the same prediction scopes. Results indicate the feasibility of predicting the forthcoming deterioration of non-severe COVID-19 patients by eight routinely collected blood parameters, including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and platelets counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, CRP, LDH, and D-dimer. A prospective clinical study and an impact assessment will allow implementation of this model in the clinic to improve care, streamline resources and ease hospital burden by timely focusing the medical attention on potentially deteriorating patients.
Prediction of the disease course in Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Hohenfeld Christian , Terstiege Ulrich , Dogan Imis , Giunti Paola , Parkinson Michael H. , Mariotti Caterina , Nanetti Lorenzo , Fichera Mario , Durr Alexandra , Ewenczyk Claire , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Klopstock Thomas , Stendel Claudia , Rodríguez de Rivera Garrido Francisco Javier , Schöls Ludger , Hayer Stefanie N. , Klockgether Thomas , Giordano Ilaria , Didszun Claire , Rai Myriam , Pandolfo Massimo , Rauhut Holger , Schulz Jörg B. , Reetz Kathrin
Published: November 2022

We explored whether disease severity of Friedreich ataxia can be predicted using data from clinical examinations. From the database of the European Friedreich Ataxia Consortium for Translational Studies (EFACTS) data from up to five examinations of 602 patients with genetically confirmed FRDA was included. Clinical instruments and important symptoms of FRDA were identified as targets for prediction, while variables such as genetics, age of disease onset and first symptom of the disease were used as predictors. We used modelling techniques including generalised linear models, support-vector-machines and decision trees. The scale for rating and assessment of ataxia (SARA) and the activities of daily living (ADL) could be predicted with predictive errors quantified by root-mean-squared-errors (RMSE) of 6.49 and 5.83, respectively. Also, we were able to achieve reasonable performance for loss of ambulation (ROC-AUC score of 0.83). However, predictions for the SCA functional assessment (SCAFI) and presence of cardiological symptoms were difficult. In conclusion, we demonstrate that some clinical features of FRDA can be predicted with reasonable error; being a first step towards future clinical applications of predictive modelling. In contrast, targets where predictions were difficult raise the question whether there are yet unknown variables driving the clinical phenotype of FRDA.
Organotypic sinonasal airway culture systems are predictive of the mucociliary phenotype produced by bronchial airway epithelial cells
Authors: Delhove Juliette , Alawami Moayed , Macowan Matthew , Lester Susan E. , Nguyen Phan T. , Jersmann Hubertus P. A. , Reynolds Paul N. , Roscioli Eugene
Published: November 2022

Differentiated air–liquid interface models are the current standard to assess the mucociliary phenotype using clinically-derived samples in a controlled environment. However, obtaining basal progenitor airway epithelial cells (AEC) from the lungs is invasive and resource-intensive. Hence, we applied a tissue engineering approach to generate organotypic sinonasal AEC (nAEC) epithelia to determine whether they are predictive of bronchial AEC (bAEC) models. Basal progenitor AEC were isolated from healthy participants using a cytological brushing method and differentiated into epithelia on transwells until the mucociliary phenotype was observed. Tissue architecture was assessed using H&E and alcian blue/Verhoeff–Van Gieson staining, immunofluorescence (for cilia via acetylated α-tubulin labelling) and scanning electron microscopy. Differentiation and the formation of tight-junctions were monitored over the culture period (day 1–32) by quantifying trans-epithelial electrical resistance. End point (day 32) tight junction protein expression was assessed using Western blot analysis of ZO-1, Occludin-1 and Claudin-1. Reverse transcription qPCR-array was used to assess immunomodulatory and autophagy-specific transcript profiles. All outcome measures were assessed using R-statistical software. Mucociliary architecture was comparable for nAEC and bAEC-derived cultures, e.g. cell density P = 0.55, epithelial height P = 0.88 and cilia abundance P = 0.41. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance measures were distinct from day 1–14, converged over days 16–32, and were statistically similar over the entire culture period (global P < 0.001). This agreed with end-point (day 32) measures of tight junction protein abundance which were non-significant for each analyte (P > 0.05). Transcript analysis for inflammatory markers demonstrated significant variation between nAEC and bAEC epithelial cultures, and favoured increased abundance in the nAEC model (e.g. TGFβ and IL-1β; P < 0.05). Conversely, the abundance of autophagy-related transcripts were comparable and the range of outcome measures for either model exhibited a considerably more confined uncertainty distribution than those observed for the inflammatory markers. Organotypic air–liquid interface models of nAEC are predictive of outcomes related to barrier function, mucociliary architecture and autophagy gene activity in corresponding bAEC models. However, inflammatory markers exhibited wide variation which may be explained by the sentinel immunological surveillance role of the sinonasal epithelium.
A new catalytic site functioning in antigen cleavage by H34 catalytic antibody light chain
Authors: Hifumi Emi , Nonaka Tamami , Taguchi Hiroaki , Uda Taizo
Published: November 2022

The cleavage reactions of catalytic antibodies are mediated by a serine protease mechanism involving a catalytic triad composed of His, Ser, and Asp residues, which reside in the variable region. Recently, we discovered a catalytic antibody, H34 wild type (H34wt), that is capable of enzymatically cleaving an immune-check point PD-1 peptide and recombinant PD-1; however, H34wt does not contain His residues in the variable region. To clarify the reason behind the catalytic features of H34wt and the amino acid residues involved in the catalytic reaction, we performed site-directed mutagenesis focusing on the amino acid residues involved in the cleavage reaction, followed by catalytic activity tests, immunological reactivity evaluation, and molecular modeling. The results revealed that the cleavage reaction by H34wt proceeds through the action of a new catalytic site composed of Arg, Thr, and Gln. This new scheme differs from that of the serine protease mechanism of catalytic antibodies.
Reduced susceptibility of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) populations to Cry34/35Ab1-expressing maize in northeast Nebraska
Authors: Reinders Jordan D. , Meinke Lance J.
Published: November 2022

The western corn rootworm (WCR;Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte) is a significant pest of maize (Zea maysL.) across the United States Corn Belt. Transgenic maize hybrids expressing insecticidal proteins derived fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) have been used to manage WCR since 2003. Widespread resistance to Cry3Bb1 (and associated cross-resistance to mCry3A and eCry3.1Ab) has placed increased selection pressure on Cry34/35Ab1 in single-protein and pyramided transgenic maize hybrids. Data on the susceptibility of Nebraska WCR populations to Cry34/35Ab1 has not been published since 2015 and plant-based bioassays conducted in 2017–2018 confirmed resistance to Cry3Bb1 + Cry34/35Ab1 maize, suggesting resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 has evolved in the Nebraska landscape. Therefore, plant-based bioassays were conducted on F1progeny of WCR populations collected from northeast Nebraska in 2018 and 2019. Larval survival and development were used to classify resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 in each WCR population. Bioassays confirmed incomplete resistance to Cry34/35Ab1 maize in 21 of 30 WCR populations; 9 of 30 WCR populations remained susceptible to Cry34/35Ab1. Collectively, results indicate that northeast Nebraska WCR populations were in the initial stages of resistance evolution to Cry34/35Ab1 during 2018–2019. Appropriate resistance management strategies are needed to mitigate resistance and preserve efficacy of rootworm-active products containing Cry34/35Ab1.
Identification and in silico analysis of noval alteration Arg420Gly in KIT proto oncogene among acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Akram Afia Muhammad , Hassan Mubashir , Chaudhary Asma , Hayat Sikandar , Ali Qurban , Hussain Taha , Zafar Amjad , Javed Muhammad Arshad
Published: November 2022

A number of studies have reported frequent incidence of c-kit gene mutations in association with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (CBF-AML). These genetic changes have become important prognostic predictors in patients with abnormal karyotype. Aim of this study was the detection of nucleotide alterations in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients for three exons of c-kit gene, including cytogenetically normal patients. Thirty-one de novo AML patients were screened for any possible variations in exon 8, 11 and 17 sequences of c-kit proto-oncogene leading to amino acid substitutions or frame shift. Sanger sequencing method was employed followed by sequence analysis. Mutation data was then correlated with clinical and hematological parameters of patients and prognostic significance of genetic changes was assessed as well. The computational tools were then used to further understand the extent of damage caused by these mutations to c-kit protein. Fifteen (48.4%) mutant patients were observed with single, double or multiple mutations in one, two or all three exons studied. The analysis revealed eight new alterations which were not reported previously. Significant variation among mutant and non-mutant group of patients was observed with respect to FAB subtypes (x2 = 12.524, p = 0.029), Spleen size (x2 = 4.288, p = 0.038) and Red blood cell count (x2 = 8.447, p = 0.007). The survival analysis indicates poor overall and event free survival outcomes in mutant individuals. Furthermore, the in silico analysis suggests that changes in nucleotide sequences can possibly damage the protein structure and effect it’s function. This study emphasizes the need to consider screening of c-kit gene alterations not only in CBF-AML but in cytogenetically normal AML patients as well. In current investigation the effect of mutation Arg420Gly on structure and function of c-kit protein was investigated, as this was the most observed substitution in present cohort. Various bioinformatics tools and techniques were employed, which determined that Arg420Gly is possibly non-pathogenic mutation.
Development of nanotechnology-mediated precision radiotherapy for anti-metastasis and radioprotection
Authors: Pan Yuanbo , Tang Wei , Fan Wenpei , Zhang Jianmin , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2022

Radiotherapy (RT), including external beam RT and internal radiation therapy, uses high-energy ionizing radiation to kill tumor cells.
An electrochemical sensor based on AuPd@FexOy nanozymes for a sensitive and in situ quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in real samples
Authors: Dai Mengjiao , Zhu Qunyan , Han Dongxue , Niu Li , Wang Zhenxin
Published: November 2022

An electrochemical sensor for the detection of H2O2 with good stability and anti-interference ability utilizing AuPd@FexOy NPs as electrocatalysts is prepared.
Rapid detection of beer spoilage bacteria based on label-free SERS technology
Authors: Shang Lindong , Xu Lei , Wang Yu , Liu Kunxiang , Liang Peng , Zhou Shuangjun , Chen Fuyuan , Peng Hao , Zhou Chunyang , Lu Zhenming , Li Bei
Published: November 2022

Beer spoilage bacteria have been a headache for major breweries. Achieving rapid identification of beer spoilage bacteria is of great significance to the beer brewing industry.
Controlled helical senses of twisting in two-, three- and four-layer cyclophanes with planar chirality
Authors: Katoono Ryo , Shimomura Kai
Published: November 2022

Either one of the two homochiral conformations (MMM and PPP) is preferred in a layered cyclophane with planar chirality.
Structure determination of liquid molecules by encapsulation in an aromatic cavity with hydrogen bonding and enhanced C–H⋯π interactions
Authors: Qin Shu-Qin , Xu Wei , Ye Wen-Cai , Jiang Ren-Wang
Published: November 2022

Guanidinium–naphthalenedisulfonic acid was used as a molecular catcher because (i) it contains a cavity and channel in the network; (ii) has both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor; and (iii) can form aromatic interactions with guest molecules.
How does tuning the van der Waals bonding strength affect adsorbate structure?
Authors: Maier Philipp , Xavier Neubi F. , Truscott Chris L. , Hansen Thomas , Fouquet Peter , Sacchi Marco , Tamtögl Anton
Published: November 2022

The binding and structure of an ordered pyrazine overlayer on graphite are studied with neutron scattering and DFT. We find increased van der Waals bonding and stability of the overlayer compared to benzene, due to the nitrogen atoms in the ring.
A first-principles study on the electronic, piezoelectric, and optical properties and strain-dependent carrier mobility of Janus TiXY (X ≠ Y, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers
Authors: Yang Qiu , Zhang Tian , Hu Cui-E , Chen Xiang-Rong , Geng Hua-Yun
Published: November 2022

An excellent piezoelectric effect, high optical absorption and strain-dependent carrier mobility are observed in Janus TiXY (X ≠ Y, X/Y = Cl, Br, I) monolayers.
Exploration of the physical properties of the newly synthesized kagome superconductor LaIr3Ga2 using different exchange–correlation functionals
Authors: Islam J. , Mitro S. K. , Hossain M. M. , Uddin M. M. , Jahan N. , Islam A. K. M. A. , Naqib S. H. , Ali M. A.
Published: November 2022

The illustration of the kagome layer in LaIr3Ga2: (a) three-dimensional view, (b) viewed from the c-axis, and (c) Ir kagome layer.
Insights into the role of molar ratio and added water in the properties of choline chloride and urea-based eutectic mixtures and their cellulose swelling capacity
Authors: Sirviö Juho Antti , Haataja Riikka , Kantola Anu M. , Suopajärvi Terhi , Liimatainen Henrikki
Published: November 2022

An aqueous eutectic mixture of choline chloride, urea, water at different molar ratios were characterized and experimental results of the formation of molecular clusters and swelling of cellulose fibers was demonstrated.
Nonlinear behavior of the impedance spectrum of a kerosene based ferrofluid
Authors: Batalioto F. , Chand M. , Campos A. F. C. , Depeyrot J. , Barbero G. , Neto A. M. Figueiredo
Published: November 2022

We investigate the nonlinear behavior of the electric impedance of a kerosene-based ferrofluid (FF) sample subjected to an ac electric voltage of amplitude ranging from 10 mV to 3 V in the frequency range 6.3 mHz, 100 kHz.
Engineering of graphene flakes in the process of synthesis in DC plasma jets
Authors: Antonova Irina V. , Shavelkina Marina B. , Ivanov Artem I. , Nebogatikova Nadezhda A. , Soots Regina A. , Volodin Vladimir A.
Published: November 2022

The pressure in the plasma-chemical reactor (350–710 Torr) is important parameter which allows one to control the resistivity, built-in hydrogen, and defect density of the synthesized free-standing graphene flakes.
Abnormal structural transformation of tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride + Xe clathrates and its significance for clathrate-based Xe capture and storage
Authors: Lim Junkyu , Lee Joonseop , Seo Yongwon
Published: November 2022

Tetra-n-butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) is a semi-clathrate former that can be used for clathrate-based gas capture and storage since TBAC semi-clathrate has vacant small cages available for entrapping gas molecules under mild conditions.
A trans-Pt(ii) hedgehog pathway inhibitor complex with cytotoxicity towards breast cancer stem cells and triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Ryan Aisling L. , Northcote-Smith Joshua , McKeon Aoife , Roe Andrew , O'Dowd Paul , Twamley Brendan , Ní Chonghaile Triona , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan , Griffith Darren M.
Published: November 2022

Hedgehog pathway inhibitor ligand enhances cytotoxicity of trans-Pt(ii) complex towards breast cancer stem cells and triple negative breast cancer cells.
Direct arylation reaction catalyzed by a PEPPSI-type palladium complex with an amido-functionalized triazole-based mesoionic carbene ligand
Authors: Hung Hsiu-Yu , Hsu Yung-Hsi , Pi Hui-Chu , Hu Ching-Han , Lee Hon Man
Published: November 2022

A new PEPPSI-type Pd complex with an amido-functionalized triazole-based MIC ligand is a promising precatalyst which is capable of utilizing electron-deficient aryl chlorides as substrates in the direct arylation reaction with imidazole derivatives.
Chemical constitutes and anti-obesity potential of seedlings of purple-leafed rice in high-fat diet induced obese mice
Authors: Yang Zenan , Li Xiaofang , Li Dianwei , Wang Cheng , Song Yuanqi , Ren Jingnan , Li Kaikai , Chen Hao
Published: November 2022

Anti-obesity of seedlings of purple-leafed rice.
System-level integrative analyses for production of lignin hydrogels
Authors: Gujjala Lohit Kumar Srinivas , Won Wangyun
Published: November 2022

Integrative analysis for valorization of lignin through hydrogel production process.
New type jet turbulent contactor for sulfuric acid alkylation of isobutane with olefins
Authors: Tsadkin M. A. , Sakhibgareev S. R. , Gumerova E. F. , Badikova A. D.
Published: November 2022

The modernization of the reactor equipment for the industrial process of sulfuric acid alkylation of isobutane with olefins is considered.
Counterion dissociation in mixtures of sodium polystyrenesulfonate with different molar masses in aquo-organic media
Authors: De Ranjit , Banerjee Arnab , Santra Sudipa , Das Bijan
Published: November 2022

The counterion dissociation of polyelectrolytes is extremely important and pivotal in determining the charge state of polyions and the interaction between polyions and counterions.
Fabrication of silk sericin–anthocyanin nanocoating for chelating and saturation-visualization detection of metal ions
Authors: Yao Liang , Hao Minglu , Zhao Feng , Wang Yilin , Zhou Yueru , Liu Zhongyi , An Xiaofan , Gao Zhongfeng , Wang Jun , Zheng Tao , Chen Pu , Zhang Lei
Published: November 2022

The nanocoating consisting of co-assembled silk sericin protein and anthocyanin nanoparticles is designed, constructed, and characterized to chelate metal ions with a saturation-visualization detection behavior.
The record low thermal conductivity of monolayer cuprous iodide (CuI) with a direct wide bandgap
Authors: Xu Jinyuan , Chen Ailing , Yu Linfeng , Wei Donghai , Tian Qikun , Wang Huimin , Qin Zhenzhen , Qin Guangzhao
Published: November 2022

The ultralow thermal conductivity (0.116 W m−1 K−1) and direct wide bandgap (3.57 eV) of monolayer CuI promise its potential applications in transparent and wearable electronics.
Additive manufacturing of Zn with submicron resolution and its conversion into Zn/ZnO core–shell structures
Authors: Nydegger Mirco , Pruška Adam , Galinski Henning , Zenobi Renato , Reiser Alain , Spolenak Ralph
Published: November 2022

Electrohydrodynamic-redox printing allows deposition of single-crystal-like Zn structures with a resolution of 250 nm, which can be thermally oxidized to Zn/ZnO core–shell structures.
3D-structured mesoporous silica memristors for neuromorphic switching and reservoir computing
Authors: Jaafar Ayoub H. , Shao Li , Dai Peng , Zhang Tongjun , Han Yisong , Beanland Richard , Kemp Neil T. , Bartlett Philip N. , Hector Andrew L. , Huang Ruomeng
Published: November 2022

This work experimentally implements a physical reservoir computing system using a highly ordered, 3D-structured mesoporous silica (mSiO2) thin film based memristor to achieve pattern recognition with high accuracy.
A study on the role of plasmonic Ti3C2Tx MXene in enhancing photoredox catalysis
Authors: Xie Guanshun , Han Chuang , Song Fei , Zhu Yisong , Wang Xuanyu , Wang Jialin , Wu Zhenjun , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan
Published: November 2022

This work unravels that the plasmon-induced electric field enhancement of Ti3C2Tx cooperates with the electron-reservoir role to extract photoinduced electrons, affording multichannel electron transfer towards improved photocatalytic efficiency.
New strategies for the synthesis of 1- and 2-azetines and their applications as value-added building blocks
Authors: Gatazka Michael R. , McFee Elvis C. , Ng Cody H. , Wearing Emily R. , Schindler Corinna S.
Published: November 2022

Azetines are valuable 4-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles with unique reactivity and useful synthetic applications. Recent methods to access these compounds and a comprehensive review of their application as intermediates is presented.
Sarcaglarone A, a lindenane–monoterpene heterodimer from the seeds of Sarcandra glabra
Authors: Sun Yunpeng , Wang Yongyue , Li Yaqi , Wang Siyuan , Zhang Danyang , Kong Lingyi , Luo Jun
Published: November 2022

Three novel lindenane–monoterpene heterodimers (1–3) with different skeleton types were isolated from the seeds of Sarcandra glabra.
Progress in the design and synthesis of biobased epoxy covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Li , Li Yi-Dong , Zeng Jian-Bing
Published: November 2022

The progress in design and synthesis of biobased covalent adaptable networks has been reviewed and their opportunities and challenges for future development are proposed.
A defect engineered p-block SnS2−xcatalyst for efficient electrocatalytic NO reduction to NH3
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Zhang Guike , Shen Peng , Zhao Xiaolin , Chu Ke
Published: November 2022

Defect-engineered SnS2−xhas been demonstrated for the first time as an efficient p-block catalyst for electrocatalytic NO reduction to NH3(NORR), attributed to the active Sn-VSsites that selectively activate NO and reduce the energy barriers of the NORR pathway.
Alkynyl Prins carbocyclization cascades for the synthesis of linear-fused heterocyclic ring systems
Authors: Hernandez Jackson J. , Frontier Alison J.
Published: November 2022

We report an acid catalyzed carbocyclization cascade featuring the intramolecular, three-component coupling of an alkyne, an oxocarbenium/iminium ion, and an arene for the synthesis of fused heterotricycles.
A temperature-tuned electrochemiluminescence layer for reversibly imaging cell topography
Authors: Ma Cheng , Xing Zejing , Gou Xiaodan , Jiang Li-Ping , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: November 2022

A temperature-tuned electrochemiluminescence layer is designed for reversibly imaging single cell topography. The regulated thickness range of the ECL layer depends on the adopted ECL routes, namely the catalytic route and oxidative reduction route.
Word Learning as a Window to Memory and Rehabilitation Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Morrow Emily L. , Duff Melissa C.
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this viewpoint is to advocate for increased study of word learning abilities and word learning interventions in traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method:

We describe the word learning process and the unique opportunities afforded by studying each component and stage. Building on discussions at the 2022 International Cognitive-Communication Disorders Conference, we describe how word learning may underlie a variety of functional outcomes after TBI, making it a promising target for rehabilitation. Finally, we discuss principles that may guide study in this critical area to advance outcomes after TBI for children and adults.

Results:

Word learning is a dynamic and iterative process taking place over time and in multiple stages. Thus, studying word learning affords the opportunity to parse the relative contributions of multiple memory systems to different phases and components of the process. However, single–timepoint designs are insufficient to capture the full word learning process, which occurs over time and across contexts. Word learning also presents an opportunity to assess the contributions of behavioral and lifestyle factors (e.g., sleep and exercise) to different memory phases. Understanding these interactions could drive clinical interventions aimed at improving memory through manipulable external behaviors.

Conclusions:

Word learning is key to success in functional spheres across the life span. The importance of words to daily life remains after TBI, even as the memory systems that support word learning are disrupted. The empirical study of word learning and rehabilitation of word learning deficits in TBI presents a promising new direction in understanding the breadth of neurogenic cognitive-communication disorders and an opportunity to explore a potential driver of functional outcome and impactful rehabilitation target.
Thermal stability of piezoelectricity in polylactide polymers and related piezoelectric minimotor application
Authors: Zhang Jinxi , Wang Yonggui , Tian Junyuan , Xu Xiangchen , Wang Weidong , Ren Kailiang
Published: November 2022

Piezoelectric polymers have been widely used in a variety of applications, including tactile sensors, energy harvesting, polymer actuators, and biological devices. In this investigation, we fabricated the PLLA (poly(L‐lactic Acid)‐based bimorph structures for piezoelectric motor applications. First, a strain measurement setup was established to measure the strain of the PLLA and PDLA film at different temperatures. The effective piezoelectric constants d14 calculated for the PLLA and PDLA films were 10.2 pC/N and 9.4 pC/N, respectively. Furthermore, the PLLA films showed a strong thermostability of piezoelectricity at 130°C. The PLLA bimorph minimotor showed the maximum load of 1.2 g and the maximum torque of 0.019 cN·m. The minimotors were capable of rotating a plastic hemisphere container in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions at 65 V voltage. Due to the light weight, low driving voltage, and thermal stability, the PLLA/PDLA motors show a great promise in future Braille display, robots, and mini‐digital camera applications.
DC‐DC parallel legs linked high gain converter for microgrid applications
Authors: Bhaskar M.S. , Subramaniam Umashankar , Selvam Sivakumar , Almakhles Dhafer , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Muhibbullah M.
Published: November 2022

For microgrid operations, this article suggests a DC‐DC Parallel Legs Linked High Gain Converter. To realize high voltage gain, the recommended converter is transformer‐free and developed with n‐parallel legs. One active switch, one capacitor, one inductor, and one diode make up each leg of the boost converter. The operating principle, characteristic waveforms, and steady‐state study are provided for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. High voltage gain, low voltage and low current stress on switches, compact size inductors, and low voltage capacitors are the important features of the recommended converter. The suggested converter achieves a large voltage gain without the demand of high‐frequency transformers or voltage multiplier stages. Furthermore, it works on two separate duty cycles, allowing for a wide variety of duty cycle functioning. The suggested converter is compared to a newly discussed converter, and the fundamentals of reactive component design and semiconductor device selection are discussed. The experimental findings are shown, demonstrating that the suggested converter's theoretical analysis and functioning are correct.
Genes associated with diagnosis and prognosis of Burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Doughan Albert , Salifu Samson Pandam
Published: November 2022

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most aggressive forms of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas that affect children and young adults. The expression of genes and other molecular markers during carcinogenesis can be the basis for diagnosis, prognosis and the design of new and effective drugs for the management of cancers. The aim of this study was to identify genes that can serve as prognostic and therapeutic targets for BL. We analysed RNA‐seq data of BL transcriptome sequencing projects in Africa using standard RNA‐seq analyses pipeline. We performed pathway enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction networks, gene co‐expression and survival analyses. Gene and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes are involved in tube development, signalling receptor binding, viral protein interaction, cell migration, external stimuli response, serine hydrolase activity and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. Protein–protein interaction network analyses revealed the genes to be highly interconnected, whereas module analyses revealed 25 genes to possess the highest interaction score. Overall survival analyses delineated six genes (ADAMTSL4, SEMA5B, ADAMTS15, THBS2, SPON1 and THBS1) that can serve as biomarkers for prognosis for BL management.
An investigation of the star-forming main sequence considering the nebular continuum emission at low-z
Authors: Miranda Henrique , Pappalardo Ciro , Papaderos Polychronis , Afonso José , Matute Israel , Lobo Catarina , Paulino-Afonso Ana , Carvajal Rodrigo , Lorenzoni Silvio , Santos Duarte
Published: November 2022

Context. Galaxy evolution has been studied by interpreting the spectral energy distribution of galaxies using spectral synthesis codes. This method has been crucial in discovering different pillars of modern galaxy evolution theories. However, this analysis was mostly carried out using spectral synthesis codes that are purely stellar, that is, they assume that the nebular contribution to the total continuum is negligible. The code FADO is the first publicly available population spectral synthesis tool that treats the contribution from ionised gas to the observed emission self-consistently. This is expected to have a particularly strong effect in star-forming (SF) galaxies.

Aims. We study the impact of the nebular contribution on the determination of the star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, and consequent effect on the star-forming main sequence (SFMS) at low redshift.

Methods. We applied FADO to the spectral database of the SDSS to derive the physical properties of galaxies. As a comparison, we used the data in the MPA-JHU catalogue, which contains the properties of SDSS galaxies derived without the nebular contribution. We selected a sample of SF galaxies with Hα and Hβ flux measurements, and we corrected the fluxes for the nebular extinction through the Balmer decrement. We then calculated the Hα luminosity to estimate the SFR. Then, by combining the stellar mass and SFR estimates from FADO and MPA-JHU, the SFMS was obtained.

Results. The Hα flux estimates are similar between FADO and MPA-JHU. Because the Hα flux was used as tracer of the SFR, FADO and MPA-JHU agree in their SFR. The stellar mass estimates are slightly higher for FADO than for MPA-JHU on average. However, considering the uncertainties, the differences are negligible. With similar SFR and stellar mass estimates, the derived SFMS is also similar between FADO and MPA-JHU.

Conclusions. Our results show that for SDSS normal SF galaxies, the additional modelling of the nebular contribution does not affect the retrieved fluxes and consequentially also does not influence SFR estimators based on the extinction-corrected Hα luminosity. For the stellar masses, the results point to the same conclusion. These results are a consequence of the fact that the vast majority of normal SF galaxies in the SDSS have a low nebular contribution. However, the obtained agreement might only hold for local SF galaxies, but higher-redshift galaxies might show different physical properties when FADO is used. This would then be an effect of the expected increased nebular contribution.
Decomposition of galactic X-ray emission with PHOX
Authors: Vladutescu-Zopp S. , Biffi V. , Dolag K.
Published: November 2022

Context.X-ray observations of galaxies with high spatial resolution instruments such asChandrahave revealed that major contributions to their diffuse emission originate from X-ray-bright point sources in the galactic stellar field. It has been established that these point sources, called X-ray binaries, are accreting compact objects with stellar donors in a binary configuration. They are classified according to the predominant accretion process: wind-fed in the case of high-mass donors and Roche-lobe mass transfer in the case of low-mass donors. Observationally, it is challenging to reliably disentangle these two populations from each other because of their similar spectra.

Aims.We provide a numerical framework with which spatially and spectrally accurate representations of X-ray binary populations can be studied from hydrodynamical cosmological simulations. We construct average spectra, accounting for a hot gas component, and verify the emergence of observed scaling relations between galaxy-wide X-ray luminosity (LX) and stellar mass (M*) and betweenLXand the star-formation rate (SFR).

Methods.Using simulated galaxy halos extracted from the (48 h−1 cMpc)3volume of the Magneticum Pathfinder cosmological simulations atz = 0.07, we generate mock spectra with the X-ray photon-simulator PHOX. We extend the PHOXcode to account for the stellar component in the simulation and study the resulting contribution in composite galactic spectra.

Results.Well-known X-ray binary scaling relations with galactic SFR andM*emerge self-consistently, verifying our numerical approach. Average X-ray luminosity functions are perfectly reproduced up to the one-photon luminosity limit. Comparing our resultingLX − SFR − M*relation for X-ray binaries with recent observations of field galaxies in the Virgo galaxy cluster, we find significant overlap. Invoking a metallicity-dependent model for high-mass X-ray binaries yields an anticorrelation between mass-weighted stellar metallicity and SFR-normalized luminosity. The spatial distribution of high-mass X-ray binaries coincides with star-formation regions of simulated galaxies, while low-mass X-ray binaries follow the stellar mass surface density. X-ray binary emission is the dominant contribution in the hard X-ray band (2–10 keV) in the absence of an actively accreting central super-massive black hole, and it provides a ∼50% contribution in the soft X-ray band (0.5–2 keV), rivaling the hot gas component.

Conclusions.We conclude that our modeling remains consistent with observations despite the uncertainties connected to our approach. The predictive power and easily extendable framework hold great value for future investigations of galactic X-ray spectra.
Influence of variety of soil-ground conditions of sandy soils (by the example of the Ust-Donetsk sandy massif) on the quality of the grape vine
Authors: Rebrov Anton , Lopatkina Ekaterina
Published: November 2022

The paper reveals the influence exerted on the development of post vitro grape mother plants and various microzones found on the Ust-Donetsk sand massif. The differences in the microzones were in the fertility level and a number of soil properties. The considerable influence provided by the growing conditions not only on the development of plants but also on the survival rate and life expectancy of mother bushes observed during the use of mother plants for 17 years has been noted. To ensure effective land management, a detailed site study and, depending on the differences identified, the use of precision farming techniques is required before laying out the parent plants. The reason for this is that sandy soils, in general, have a high degree of heterogeneity due to physical and chemical characteristics such as flowability, susceptibility to wind transport, low organic substance content, and cation exchange capacity.
Chloroplast genomes of Vitis sylvestris Gmel. samples from Damanskaya population of the Krasnodar region
Authors: Milovanov Alexander , Savenkova Daria , Elisyutikova Anastasia , Khachumov Vladimir , Troshin Leonid
Published: November 2022

This article presents the structures of chloroplast genomes of three Vitis sylvestris Gmel. samples from Damanskaya population of the Krasnodar Territory. An expedition to the place where wild forest grapevine grows was made. After that, the selected leaves served as a source of chloroplasts. DNA was isolated from them and DNA libraries were prepared and sequenced. Genome assembly was carried out after selection of the most suitable reference sample at coverage of 35.0x. The genomes ranged in size from 159,900 to 160,887. Aligned chloroplast genomes were annotated with GeSeq and GeneMark.hmm. OGDRAW was used to visualize the structure of the genomes. GenBank search allowed to determine their belonging to V. sylvestris species. At the same time, a comparison of the genomes with each other showed the presence of minor differences in their structure.
Efficiency of phytobiotics in poultry farming
Authors: Krivonogova A.S. , Donnik I.M. , Isaeva A.G. , Loginov E.A. , Moiseeva K.V.
Published: November 2022

The impact of phytobiotics of Brassica juncea, Linum usitatissimum, and Nigella sativa L. oils on the physiological and technological indexes of broiler chickens, as well as on the average weight of broiler chickens, and on the biological full-value of the resulting meat was studied. A positive effect was found on the average weight of broiler chickens by the time of slaughter, the rate of growth of the average weight of chickens in the group, the average weight of white meat, liver, and heart, and the concentration of vitamin D3 in the liver both when using only phytobiotics and in combination with an antibacterial drug. There were signs of enhanced antibacterial and antitoxic blood functions, as well as activation of cellular and humoral immune system components in the experimental groups. The results thus obtained might show the prospects for the use of phytobiotics based on Brassica juncea, Linum usitatissimum, and Nigella sativa L. oils to improve the physiological condition and productivity indicators of broiler chickens as an alternative or addition to antibiotic prophylaxis.
Changes’ assessment in the interrelation of productive traits of holsteinized black pied cattle
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Lopaeva N.L. , Neverova O.P. , Vagapova O.A. , Zakharova L.A.
Published: November 2022

Holstein black pied cattle with a high genetic potential of productivity are bred in the Sverdlovsk region. The study of the interrelation between the productive traits of modern domestic dairy black pied cattle of the Middle Urals zone with high thorough-bredness for the Holstein breed is relevant. The purpose of the work was to study the conjugation dynamics of productive traits by lactation depending on the line. According to the average milk yield indicators. There were no differences in MFF and MFP in milk from cows of different lines, yet the fluctuations in milk yield within the lines were significant. The highest indicators of the correlation coefficient are established between the qualitative indicators of milk, which means that an increase in one of the indicators invariably leads to an increase another. A positive low conjugacy was established between milk yield and MFP in milk, as well as milk yield and cows’ live weight for the first and second lactation in cows of both lines. In cows of the Vis Back Ideal 1013415 line, the conjugacy of productive traits for the third lactation turned into negative, except for milk yield and live weight. Thus, the linear affiliation of cows and their age (lactation) influence the interrelation of productive traits, which can be considered when further planning breeding work with the herd.
The effect of using biologically active substances on the initial growth indicators of potato tubers
Authors: Abidova Galimat , Bugov Rezuan , Khanieva Irina , Boziev Aliy , Abidov Azamat
Published: November 2022

Studies to identify the effectiveness of using preparations based on biologically active substances. Potato varieties Goryanka and Nart 1 and the following preparations were studied as objects: Polydon iodine, Fulvigrain Stimulus Pro, Zircon and BisolbiSan liquid, Succinic acid. Analysis of the data obtained during the research shows that potato tubers’ treatment before planting with preparations based on biologically active substances contributed to an increase in the rate of tubers’ germination. In the experimental options with application of Fulvigrain Stimul Pro at a dose of 3.0 l/t and BisolbiSan – 10 ml/t, an increase in the sprouts’ weight relative to the control option by 34.2% and 26.4% was noted; root weight increased by 20.8% and 21.6%, respectively. The use of Succinic acid at a concentration of 10 g/l led to an increase in the bud number by 32.4%, the weight of sprouts and roots - by 36.8% and 27.1%, respectively. Pre-planting tubers’ treatment with preparations based on biologically active substances led to an increase in the rate of seedlings’ emergence in the Goryanka variety by 11.1 – 27.1%, in the Nart 1 variety - by 10.1 - 21.2%.
The efficiency of using small-volume spraying in chemical protection of grapes from diseases in the conditions of Crimea
Authors: Aleinikova Natalia V. , Galkina Yevgenia S. , Didenko Pavel A. , Andreev Vladimir V. , Shaporenko Vladimir N.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of studies carried out in 2020-2021 in soil and climatic conditions of the Mountain-Valley viticultural zone of Crimea to determine the efficiency of small-volume spraying in pest control of industrial vineyards of wine grape variety ‘Muscat Rose’. In experimental variant, when using small-volume spraying, the amount of working solution and the rate of pesticide application were reduced (operations on the concentration of working solution). It was established that against the background of protective measures of grape plantings in experimental and example (full-volume spraying) variants, a low level of oidium development was observed: up to 1.3% on leaves, 1.1% on bunches; and of black rot - up to 1.2% on bunches. At the same time, there was no significant difference in the intensity and dynamics of disease development in these variants. It was experimentally determined that in the experiment, when using small-volume (200-250 l/ha) and full-volume (example, 400-800 l/ha) sprayings, a good conditional yield of wine grapes ‘Muscat Rose’ was obtained - 2.5-2.6 kg/bush (52.4-54.7 c/ha). The use of full-volume and small-volume sprayings on experimental plots did not have a negative effect on the process of sugar accumulation (25.1-25.5 g/100 cm3) and the level of titratable acids (6.0-6.2 g/dm3) in grape yield. Thus, in the course of studies, it was found that using of small-volume spraying made it possible to increase the productivity of sprayers and reduce the pesticide load on ampelocenosis.
Efficacy of Pseudomonas spp. in control of apple powdery mildew
Authors: Yakuba Galina , Mishchenko Irina , Marchenko Nikita
Published: November 2022

The results of Pseudomonas spp.’s effect on Podosphoera leucotricha (Ell. et Ev.) (Salm.) in commercial plantings of apple trees of Renet Simirenko variety are presented in the article. It reveals that use of the bio-fungicide in three consistent treatments during fruit ripening period at the rate of 4.0 l/ha reduces the disease’ spread and development intensity, ensuring biological efficacy of 94.4-99.6%.