bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crédito rural e seu impacto no ambiente macroeconômico brasileiro: uma análise do efeito do PRONAF sobre a inflação, produção e emprego do país no período recente
Authors: Vitorino Paulo Henrique , Carrara Aniela Fagundes
Published: May 2019

O Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF), ao longo de seus vinte e dois anos de existência, se firmou como um dos programas de política agrícola de grande importância por conta do montante de recursos disponibilizados e pelo número de pessoas atendidas. Posto seu alcance e sua proeminência, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar os impactos que o crédito provido por tal programa tem sobre a inflação, o produto e o emprego da economia brasileira, para o período que vai de 2013 a agosto de 2018. Para tanto foi utilizada a metodologia de estimação por Vetores Autoregressivos (VAR) que aplicada à sistemas bivariados, indicaram que o PRONAF, tem uma participação considerável na movimentação do produto da economia, mas não nos empregos formais do meio rural, sendo também um elemento que não provoca movimentações expressivas na inflação dos alimentos.
Dinâmica da produção de grãos nas microrregiões do Estado do Tocantins de 1990 a 2016
Authors: Cruz Alice Aloísia da
Published: May 2019

O Tocantins se destaca como o principal produtor de grãos da região norte do país e tem significativa importância na nova fronteira agrícola brasileira. O objetivo desse artigo foi analisar o incremento na produção de grãos no Estado e desmembrá-lo nos efeitos: área colhida, rendimento e localização, utilizando o modelo de shift-share. Posteriormente, o efeito área foi subdividido em efeito escala e efeito substituição. Os efeitos rendimento e área tiveram significativa importância para o aumento da produção tocantinense de grãos, no período e nos subperíodos. As culturas que mais contribuíram com o aumento da produção de grãos foram o arroz, milho e soja. As microrregiões do Jalapão, Rio formoso, Porto Nacional e Miracema tiveram maior impacto na produção estadual. O Estado possui potencial para continuar ampliando sua produção, mas para isso é necessário investimentos em infraestrutura do sistema agroindustrial; logística de transporte, tecnologias, treinamentos e capacitação para os produtores.
Self-Assessment Variables as a Source of Information in the Evaluation of Intervention Programs: A Theoretical and Methodological Framework
Authors: Eyal Yonatan
Published: May 2019

The
article discusses the incorporation of individuals’
assessments regarding the effect of intervention
program on themselves as a source
of information in commonly used quantitative program
evaluation methods. The incorporation of Self-Assessment
Variables (SAV) into the
evaluation process enables the researcher to utilize the information
contained in SAV while utilizing other
available sources of information as well (such as administrative data). The analysis is based on the assumption
that individuals possess valuable and unique information which they employ before
self-selection into a program. The theory of planned behavior is used as a
framework for examining different aspects of integrating SAV in
program evaluation. The article
elaborates on the integration of SAV into the matching method, and on the
possible advantages of that approach. In addition, the article discusses different
aspects of the process of eliciting SAV from individuals. Finally,
the article outlines possible directions for future research.
Initial Assessment of Bioavailable Strontium at Oldupai Gorge, Tanzania: Potential for Early Mobility Studies
Authors: Tucker Laura , Favreau Julien , Itambu Makarius , Larter Fergus , Mollel Neduvoto , Mwambwiga Aloyce , Patalano Robert , Roberts Patrick , Soto Maria , Mercader Julio
Published: May 2019

Strontium isotope analysis is a useful tool for tracing mobility and migration in past populations. For it to be employed, the 87Sr/86Sr values of the landscape must be well-understood. Bioavailable strontium is a combination of geological and atmospheric strontium available for use by plants and animals. In this study we begin mapping bioavailable strontium values around the Oldupai Gorge region so that this method may be utilized on archaeological hominins and animals in the future. We analyzed three plants from 33 localities across volcanic and metamorphic bedrock, including the regional drainage sump, Olbalbal. We found that bioavailable strontium in the region is homogeneous overall, with trends towards increasing values to the north and northeast and in Olbalbal. There was no difference between 87Sr/86Sr values of metamorphic and volcanic areas. Migrants from outside the study area with different isotopic values will be easily identifiable from the local residents.As a proof of concept, we analyzed 7 animal teeth (hippopotamus, crocodile, and equid) from Engaji Nanyori, a Bed III and IV site at Oldupai Gorge. We found that enamel and dentine which had been acetic acid treated to remove diagenetic strontium were significantly different from one another. All animals had higher 87Sr/86Sr values than the plant values, suggesting that modern and ancient bioavailable strontium values may have been different, likely due to environmental differences.
Polyethylene terephthalate technical sample [The Lost Archive Digitalization Program; OCR Report Index: 181906].
Authors: Multiparametric Microscopy Facility ICP IBCP
Published: May 2019

OCR Report Index: 181906; Object: Polyethylene terephthalate film sample. DEFIN.: Polyethylene terephthalate (sometimes written poly(ethylene terephthalate)), commonly abbreviated PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P, is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods, thermoforming for manufacturing, and in combination with glass fibre for engineering resins.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONSUMSI JUNK FOOD, AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN STATUS GIZI SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 JAMBI
Authors: Izhar M. Dody , Ruwayda
Published: May 2019

Junk food mengandung sebagian lemak yang terakumulasi dalam tubuh. Aktivitas fisik yang rendah dan disertai dengan pola makan yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan obesitas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 1 Jambi sebanyak 75 siswa kelas XI diambil secara proportionate stratified random sampling. Keseluruhan analisis menggunakan software analisis statistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan uji p<0,05. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa status gizi lebih pada anak sebanyak 37 siswa (49,3%), kebiasaan sering konsumsi junk food sebanyak 45 orang (60%) dan aktivitas fisik sedang sebanyak 45 orang (60%). Ada hubungan secara signifikan kebiasaan konsumsi junk food (p=0,001) dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,000) dengan status gizi pada siswa SMA Kelas XI. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebiasaan sering konsumsi junk food dan aktivitas fisik sedang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap status gizi pada siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Jambi.
MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MELALUI SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN UNTUK MENCAPAI KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
Authors: miagsnita
Published: May 2019

Dari sisi pendidikan kita dapat memahami bahwa supervise pendidikan adalah layanan pemberian bantuan pembinaan yang diberikan oleh supervisor kepada guru dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Didalam dunia sekolah seorang kepala sekolah merupakan supervisor bagi para gurunya, ia memiliki peranan yang pentingdalam membantu para guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dan profesionalitas mereka. Namun, meski beberapa kepala sekolah yang merupakan seorang supervisor telah berupaya melakukan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya dalam kegiatan supervise kepada para guru, hasilnya masih jauh dari yang diharapkan.
KORELASI KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATA PELAJARAN IPS DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH PAMIJAHAN KABUPATEN BOGOR
Authors: Sulfemi Wahyu Bagja
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan persepsi peserta didik tentang kemampuanpedagogik guru dengan prestasi belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP MuhammadiyahPamijahan Kabupaten Bogor (Studi Kasus di SMP Muhammadiyah Pamijahan Kelas VIII KabupatenBogor). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya hubungan yang positif antarapersepsi peserta didik tentang kemampuan pedagogik guru dengan prestasi belajar peserta didik padamata pelajaran IPS di SMP Muhammadiyah Pamijahan (studi kasus pada kelas VIII). Jenis penelitianini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sampel karena responden yangberjumlah 60 peserta didik diambil dari jumlah populasinya yaitu 170 peserta didik. Pengumpulan datadilakukan dengan menggunakan metode angket atau kuesioner untuk memperoleh data variabel Xyaitu persepsi peserta didik tentang kompetensi pedagogik guru dan metode pengambilan data darinilai ulangan harian semester ganjil untuk variabel Y yaitu prestasi belajar peserta didik.Adapun perolehan frekuensi untuk variabel X dengan skor tertinggi 93 dan skor terendah 32,diperoleh rata-rata (mean) 65,90 median 67,5 dan modus 68,49, sedangkan untuk variabel Y skortertinggi 95 dan skor terendah 61, diperoleh rata-rata (mean) 81,11 median 89,5 dan modus 86,75.Terdapat atau ada pengaruh positif antara persepsi peserta didik tentang kemampuan pedagogik guruterhadap prestasi belajar peserta didik kelas VIII di SMP Muhammadiyah Pamijahan. Hal ini dapatdibuktikan dengan derajat kebebasan (dk) = N -2 dan α = 0,05 sebesar 2,000t hitung (5,391)> t tabel(2,000) maka koefisien korelasi adalah signifikan, nilai rhitung adalah 0,578 sedangkan rtabel adalah 0,254dengan batas signifikan 5% artinya nilai rhitung lebih besar dari pada rtabel yakni 0,578>0,254. Denganhasil dinyatakan signifikan dan hipotesis yang diajukan diterima.Kata kunci : Kompetensi, Pedagogik, dan Prestasi Belajar.
SAPONIFY HANDMADE SOAP: EKONOMI KREATIF PENDUKUNG LITERASI FINANSIAL SISWA SMK
Authors: Oktaviyanthi Rina , Husain Mohammad Kamil , Hamdan
Published: May 2019

Fokus kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu pelatihan usaha dan tata kelola keuangan untuk memahamkan dan meningkatkan literasi finansial siswa SMK melalui pembuatan sabun rumah tangga. Metode apprenticeship digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan dengan tahapan kegiatan terdiri atas modeling, coaching dan scaffolding diimplementasikan pada 10 siswa SMKN 5 dan 10 siswa SMKS 17 Kota Serang sebagai mitra kegiatan. rata-rata pemahaman siswa dalam kegiatan apprenticeship mengenai peluang usaha dan tata kelola keuangan untuk memahamkan dan meningkatkan literasi finansial siswa SMK cukup baik yaitu 62,5%. Nilai tersebut memberikan indikasi positif bahwa kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan dampak yang baik sebagai permulaan untuk membangun motivasi dalam memulai atau membuka usaha. Hasil kegiatan ini menjadi bahan refleksi dan pertimbangan tim pengabdian Universitas Serang Raya dan pihak sekolah untuk bekerjasama menyelenggarakan kegiatan lanjutan dan berkesinambungan. (Paper ini telah dipresentasikan pada kegiatan "Seminar Nasional Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (SEMBADHA) 2018", PKN STAN, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia, 17-18 November 2018)
MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MELALUI SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN UNTUK MENCAPAI KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
Authors: rahmi Zarina
Published: May 2019

Kualitas pendidikan di indonesia di indikasikan belum memenuhi standart yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini berdampak pada kurang maksimalnya prestasi belajar siswa yang dicerminkan pada hasil belajar siswa indonesia dibandingkan negara berkembang lainnya. Supervisi pendidikan sangat penting sebagai layanan atau pemberian suatu pembinaan yang diberikan oleh seorang supervisor kepada guru yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kualiatas pendidikan. Kualitas pendidikan harus dilakukan secara berkesinambungan seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, sosial, ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat. Masalah mutu atau kualitas pendidikan harus mnejadi perhatian semua pihak, agar lembaga pendidikan dapat tetap berjalan sesuai dengan tujuannya serta dapat berkembang sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan tersebut maka peran supervisi pendidikan sangat penting atau tidak boleh diabaikan. Sebab supervisi merupakan suatu hal yang sangat signifikan dalam mewujudkan mutu pendidikan yang baik demi berjalannya sebuah pembelajaran yang baik.
study kinematika gel lidah buaya untuk mengatasi wajah jerawat
Authors: Azirah Hafifah
Published: May 2019

Metode yang dilakukan adalah eksperimen dan uji aktivitas katalitik secara langsung. Tahapan pertama dilakukan dengan pembuatan gel lidah buaya. Uji aktivitas langsung dilakukan dengan variasi tiga kali selama satu minggu. Hasil eksperimen membuktikan bahwa gel lidah buaya dapat mengatasi wajah jerawat. Kondisi optimum gel lidah buaya tercapai pada pemakaian yang ketiga. Penyembuhan ini diduga karena aktivitas katalitik gel lidah buaya terhadap wajah jerawat.
Modul Manajemen Pendidikan Non Formal
Authors: Sulfemi Wahyu Bagja
Published: May 2019

Buku Manajemen Pendidikan Non Formal memberikan wawasan tentang karakteristik dan macam ragam pendidikan nonformal, serta konsep dasar dan keterampilan manajemen untuk mengelola lembaga pendidikan nonformal yang meliputi keterampilan merencanakan, tekanan kajian dipusatkan pada rencanaan strategi dan rencana operasional. Keterampilan selanjutnya, pengaturan pelaksanaan, lembaga pendidikan nonformal tercakup didalamnya prinsip dan aplikasi andragogi. Keterampilan berikutnya adalah evaluasi penyelenggaraan pendidikan nonformal
PELATIHAN KADER POSBINDU DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN HIPERTENSI DI KENALI ASAM ATAS KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2018
Authors: M. Dody Izhar SKM. , M. Ridwan SKM.
Published: May 2019

Penyakit tidak menular (PTM) terutama penyakit jantung, kanker, penyakit pernapasan kronis dan diabetes adalah pembunuh terbesar didunia dengan 35 juta kematian setiap tahun dan merupakan penyebab dari sekitar 60% kematian global. Di Indonesia, kematian akibat PTM meningkat sangat pesat, dari 41% tahun 1995 menjadi 59,5% tahun 2007. Dari hasilpendatan yang dilakukan di RT 02 dan RT, 24 menjadi masalah prioritas adalah Hipertensi. Untuk mempersiapkan kegiatan di posbindu maka di perlukan peningkatan SDM sebagai penggerak posbindu yaitu dengan melatih kader posbindu. Pelatihan ini di harapkan dapat memahami proses pelaksanaan posbindu misalnya pengukuran tinggi badan, berat badan, cek kesehatan secara sederhana dan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang hipertensi sehingga dapat di sampaikan kepada masyarakat. Dengan demikian penyakit Hipertensi akan selalu terkontrol baik tekanan darah maupun upaya lainnya dalam pencegahan.
ENERGI POTENSIAL PEGAS DALAM KONSTRUKSI BALOK SEDERHANA BERBAHAN BETON BERTULANG
Authors: Eka Partama I Gusti Ngurah
Published: May 2019

Suatu benda atau material selalu memiliki massa yang merupakan komponen terpenting dari energi. Nilai energi akan ditentukan oleh massa, dimensi dan jarak dari permukaan bumi. Dimensi terpasang harus efektif dan efesien yang dimaksudkan agar konstruksi aman dalam memikul beban rencana dan biaya yang dibutuhkan tidak berlebih atau tidak boros. Kekuatan bahan adalah pertimbangan utama dalam menentukan kemampuan pikul dari suatu elemen struktur. Kekuatan bahan ditentukan oleh jenis material dan dimensi dari elemen struktur dimaksud. Kemampuan pikul suatu elemen struktur ditentukan oleh kemampuan elemen struktur untuk menyediakan energi potensial pegas yang juga dipengaruhi oleh jenis material dan dimensi elemen struktur. Kemampuan pikul suatu elemen struktur akan diindikasikan oleh nilai tengangan maksimum yang terjadi pada setiap bagian penampang balok dan nilai lendutan atau defleksi dari elemen struktur yang dimaksud. Suatu model struktur balok sederhana dua tumpuan bahan beton bertulang, bentang 10 m, dikerjakan beban terpusat 10 ton dan beban merata penuh 2 t/m. Suatu analisa diperlukan untuk menentukan dimensi balok sehingga mampu memikul beban rencana konstruksi balok sederhana model tersebut. Jumlah nominal energi yang dibutuhkan untuk memikul beban rencana pada konstruksi balok sederhana model dapat dihitung berdasarkan dimensi yang telah ditentukan. Hasil perhitungan mendapatkan model struktur balok sederhana dua tumpuan bahan beton bertulang, bentang 10 m, beban terpusat 10 ton dan beban merata penuh 2 t/m dimensi yang paling efektif dan efesien yang dapat digunakan adalah 45/90 cm. Energi potensial pegas yang dimanfaatkan sehingga mampu memikul beban dalam konstruksi tersebut sebesar 3,74 kJ
PENENTUAN TEBAL PELAT LANTAI GEDUNG YANG DITUMPU PADA KEEMPAT SISINYA SESUAI SNI 2847:2013
Authors: Eka Partama I Gusti Ngurah
Published: May 2019

Ketebalan minimum pelat beton bertulang non-prategang di dalam Persyaratan Beton Struktural untuk Bangunan Gedung (SNI 2847:2013) diatur dalam Pasal 9.5.3. Pada kondisi riil di lapangan ketebalan pelat lantai gedung ditetapkan secara empirik sebesar 12 cm. Panel pelat lantai yang luasnya lebih dari 12 m2 atau bentang sisi pelat yang lebih dari 4 meter cendrung solusi yang diambil dengan menempatkan balok anak.Analisa perhitungan tebal minimum pelat beton yang ditumpu pada keempat sisinya dengan bentang balok sepanjang L untuk gedung dilakukan dengan menggunakan model yang divariasikan menurut : dimensi panel pelat, dimensi balok yang menumpu sisi pelat dengan estimasi tinggi penampang balok (ht) sebesar 1/12.L – 1/10.L lebar balok (bw) diestimasi 1/2.ht – 2/3.ht, mutu baja tulangan rencana dan variasi kondisi sisi pelat menerus dan tidak menerus.Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa variasi dimensi balok menyebabkan ratio rata-rata kekakuan balok dengan kekakuan pelat m tetap lebih besar dari 2, sehingga tebal minimum pelat beton pada gedung menggunakan formula adalah h=Ln(0,8+fy/1400)/(36+9) ; tetapi tidak boleh kurang dari 90 mm. Dengan demikian dari formula itu dapat dilihat bahwa variasi dimensi balok tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menentukan tebal pelat. Variasi mutu baja tulangan menunjukkan tebal minimum pelat sebesar 90 mm untuk dimensi panel 4x4 m2 dan baru menunjukkan ketebalan lebih besar dari 90 mm untuk panel berdimensi 5x3 m2. Variasi menerus atau tidak menerusnya sisi pelat juga menunjukkan lebih besar dari 2, sehingga variasi ini juga tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketebalan pelat. Variasi dimensi panel pelat memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap ketebalan pelat hal ini dapat dilihat dari formula h yang merupakan fungsi dari Ln (bentang bersih arah memanjang) dan (Ratio panjang sisi panjang dengan panjang sisi pendek).Secara keseluruhan ketebalan pelat lantai gedung yang ditumpu pada keempat sisinya untuk berbagai dimensi panel pelat sebagai berikut : panel pelat 3x3 m2 tebal pelat = 90 mm, panel pelat 4x3 m2 tebal pelat = 90 mm, panel pelat 4x4 m2 tebal pelat = 95 mm, panel pelat 5x3 m2 tebal pelat = 105 mm, panel pelat 5x4 m2 tebal pelat = 110 mm, panel pelat 5x5 m2 tebal pelat = 115 mm, panel pelat 6x3 m2 tebal pelat = 115 mm, panel pelat 6x4 m2 tebal pelat = 125 mm panel pelat 6x5 m2 tebal pelat = 135 mm, panel pelat 6x6 m2 tebal pelat = 140 mm dan panel pelat 7x6 m2 tebal pelat = 155 mm
Mental Health Crisis 911 Calls, Resources, and Inequality
Authors: Frankham Emma
Published: May 2019

WORKING PAPER Is socioeconomic status a predictor of mental health-related 911 calls independent of mental health? Answering this question is important because knowing which factors are associated with mental health-related calls could influence effective resource allocation. I analyze census tract- level data across three cities and find that a lack of financial resources is positively associated with mental health-related calls, independent of poor mental health. I argue that individuals of low socioeconomic status rely on this public safety net more so than affluent individuals, and that this is an under-recognized mechanism by which individuals of low socioeconomic status with mental illness come into contact with police.
Depression among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at a tertiary care center in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Manandhar Nora Ranjitkar , Shakya Rabi , Pandey Bimal , Wagley Pratik
Published: May 2019

Introductions:Patients with chronic kidney disease have a high burden of somatic symptoms which may be due to depression. This study analyses occurrence of depression in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) at a tertiary care center in Kathmandu, Nepal.

 Methods: This is a retrospective study done at Patan Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital of Patan Academy of Health sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal. Translated in Nepali language and validated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. A cut-off of 16/17 was used to define depression. 

 Results: Altogether 56 patients were included, mean age 54.375±17.87 years, time on HD 25.06±21.58 months, BDI score 19.18±10.16. The prevalence of depression was 51.8%. There was no significant differences of BDI score and rate of depression in genders, housing status, education level, alcohol intake, presence of co-morbidity and shift of HD. However, there was a significant association of BDI score and the employment status, p=0.026 and the affordability of erythropoiesis stimulating agent, p=0.033.

 Conclusions: Depression was common in patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment and the rate of depression was significantly lower in the patients who were employed and used of erythropoiesis stimulating agent.
Clinical profile and surgical outcome of abdominal hydatid cyst at a university hospital in Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Shanta Bir , Paudyal Sanjaya , Shah Sailendra , Dahal Romi , Shah Jay Narayan
Published: May 2019

Introductions: Hydatid cyst is caused by the tapeworm. It is common in sheep and cattle rearing communities. Liver is the most common affected organ. There are various methods of surgical approaches for hydatid cyst.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of patients operated for intra-abdominal hydatid cysts from July 2012 to June 2018 at Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Ethical approval from institutional review committee was obtained. Patient files with incomplete data were excluded. Variables analyzed were, age, gender, site and numbers of cyst, methods of surgery, complications and mortality. Data were descriptively analyzed.

Results: There were 19 patients of abdominal hydatid cysts who underwent surgery during the study period. Five records files could not be accessed and were excluded. In remaining 14, male were 6 (42.85%), female 8 (57.15%), mean age 39.57±17.35 years (14-70), cyst size 11±4.22 cm (5-21), complain of abdominal pain in 10 (71%). Open surgery for liver cyst was done in 11 and laparoscopic in one, and open splenectomy for two splenic cysts. One patient developed superficial wound infection. Four had cystobiliary communication of which one underwent ERCP. Post ERCP patient developed acute severe pancreatitis and expired.Mean hospital was 8.57±2.24 days (6-14).

Conclusions: Liver was the main organ involved, abdominal pain and lump were main presenting complaints. Surgery had successful outcome. Open surgery was the mainstay of treatment.
Integration of Biochemistry into an organ system based medical curriculum using problem based learning
Authors: Maharjan Babu Raja , Parajuli Bibek Upadhya , Shakya Prem Raj
Published: May 2019

Not available.
Training teachers to teach bioethics: evaluation using Kirkpatrick model
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Piryani Suneel , Bhandary Shital
Published: May 2019

Bioethics helps define the values and guidelines governing decision making in health profession practice. Teaching ethics to medical students demand teachers trained in bioethics. With this aim, “Teachers Training Workshop on Bioethics” was arranged with the objective to get feedback from the participants on effectiveness of bioethics teaching. Twelve faculty members participated in four days Teachers Training Workshop on Bioethics during Dec 27-30, 2016, at Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal. Sixteen thematic topics were chosen from UNESCO Bioethics Core Curriculum. There were four rounds of presentations, and each round had four topics. Small group discussions, presentations and case scenarios were main methods used in the training. Written feedback was taken on semi-structured questionnaire with items- four closed ended and three open ended. Descriptive analysis was done.

 The level of confidence of the participants after participation in training workshop enhanced for teaching Bioethics, taking ethical decision and resolving ethical dilemma. As per participants open ended responses, “Active participation of the participants” and “Interactive sessions” were good points whereas “More references required, not only of UNESCO curriculum” was the area for improvement. The training enhanced overall confidence level of the participants.
Histopathological spectrum of skin diseases in a tertiary skin health and referral centre
Authors: Adhikari Ram Chandra , Shah Mahesh , Jha Anjani Kumar
Published: May 2019

Background: Skin diseases are very much prevalent in the developing countries. The pattern of skin diseases varies from country to country and even region to region within a country. The histological diagnosis is used by clinicians to aid in the management of patients & most appropriate clinical interventions.

Materials and methods: The study included a total of 1040 skin biopsies from January 2016 to December 2018 in the department of pathology, DI skin health and referral centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Results: The majority of the patients were in the age group of 31-40 years. The most common skin disease is non-infectious vesicobullous and vesicopustular disease (28.6%), followed by non-infectious erythematous papular and squamous disease (25.9%). The most common vesicobullous disease is spongiotic dermatitis (84.8%). Erythema dyschromicum perstans (31.8%) is the commonest non-infectious erythematous papular and squamous disease. The most common microbial disease is fungal infection, followed by leprosy. Among the neoplastic diseases of skin, tumors of epidermis are commonest diseases and the most common epidermal tumor is basal cell carcinoma. The commonest tumor of skin is melanocytic nevus.  The most frequent site is upper extremities.

Conclusions: Eczema is predominating non-infectious vesicobullous and vesicopustular disease.  A relatively higher, prevalence of fungal infections was observed. Basal cell carcinoma is the commonest epidermal tumor and melanocytic nevus is commonest of all skin tumors.
Artificial intelligence in surgical pathology
Authors: Aryal Gopi
Published: May 2019

Artificial intelligence (AI) is machine intelligence that mimics human cognitive function. It denotes the intelligence presented by some artificial entities including computers and robots.  In supervised learning, a machine is trained with data that contain pairs of inputs and outputs. In unsupervised learning, machines are given data inputs that are not explicitly programmed.1 Machine learning refines a model that predicts outputs using sample inputs (features) and a feedback loop. It relies heavily on extracting or selecting salient features, which is a combination of art and science (“feature engineering”).  A subset of feature learning is deep learning, which harnesses neural networks modeled after the biological nervous system of animals. Deep learning discovers the features from the raw data provided during training. Hidden layers in the artificial neural network represent increasingly more complex features in the data. Convolutional neural network is a type of deep learning commonly used for image analysis.
Toward a conceptual framework for social media adoption by non-urban communities for non-profit activities: Insights from an integration of grand theories of technology acceptance
Authors: Lim Weng Marc , Lim Ai Ling , Phang Cynthia Su Chen
Published: May 2019

This paper describes perceptions of social media as a communication tool and source of information for non-profit activities in non-urban communities. It proposes a conceptual framework predicated on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and the information systems success model as theoretical lenses and suggests that four key factors influence the intentions of non-urban communities to adopt and use social media for communication and information of non-profit activities: performance expectancy (i.e. perception of the benefits of using non-profits’ social media to enhance performance), effort expectancy (i.e. perception of how easy it will be to use non-profits’ social media), social conditions (i.e. expectation of others in non-urban communities to use non-profits’ social media), and facilitating conditions (i.e. access to resources and technology as well as self-efficacy with respect to use of non-profits’ social media). It also suggests that three key enablers allow non-profits to leverage those key factors: information quality (i.e. quality of information about non-profit activities), system quality (i.e. quality of social media interface and technology used by non-profits), and service quality (i.e. quality of interactions between representatives of non-profits and non-urban communities on social media). Further empirical testing to validate the conceptual framework, using a non-urban community sample, and strategic investments in key enablers and determinants of high impact and significance should help non-profits to develop effective social media strategies to widen their reach to and in non-urban communities.
Mekoća konjskog mesa
Authors: Kaić Ana , Potočnik Klemen
Published: May 2019

Među brojnim svojstvima koje povezujemo s kakvoćom konjskog mesa, jedno od najkompleksnijih je svakako njegova mekoća. Iako svojstvo mekoće ima važnu ulogu u sveukupnoj prihvaćenosti i kakvoći konjskog mesa percipiranoj od strane potrošača ono je još uvijek nedovoljno istraženo. Pri tome svakako treba uzeti u obzir da je mekoća mesa pod utjecajem odvijanja brojnih strukturnih i biokemijskih promjena koje se ugrubo mogu podijeliti na one vezane uz sadržaj i svojstva vezivnog tkiva, sadržaj intramuskularne masti, dužinu sarkomere i degradaciju miofibrilarnih proteina. Njihove interakcije su kompleksne i dodatno ovisne o hlađenju, električnoj stimulaciji, načinu vješanja polovica, mehaničkom omekšavanju mesa, zrenju, korištenju različitih marinada te uvjetima tijekom termičke obrade. Izuzev toga, svakako treba uzeti u obzir sustav uzgoja, pasminu, spol, dob i anatomsku lokaciju. Istraživanja bi svakako trebala uzeti u obzir prethodno navedeno te se intenzivnije usmjeriti prema novim spoznajama i popularizaciji kakvoće konjskog mesa
Estimations of Competence in Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Toplak Maggie E. , Weiss Jonathan , Doidge Joshua , Wanstall Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2019

Estimations of competence paradigms offer methods to help us measure how well we track our performance. Bridging across the clinical research and metacognitive research traditions, we identified the Positive Illusory Bias (PIB), metamemory and meta-reasoning paradigms for assessing estimation of competence in neurodevelopmental conditions. Overall, studies from PIB paradigms suggest that individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism, Intellectual Disability and Learning Disability tend to display a positive bias in their performance relative to other informants. In metamemory paradigms, individuals with these neurodevelopmental conditions tend to show more discrepancy between their subjective judgments and their memory performance relative to comparison controls, but these findings have been less consistent than for PIB. Meta-reasoning has been less well-studied across neurodevelopmental conditions. In order to advance our understanding of whether estimation of competence is a significant domain for understanding neurodevelopmental conditions, consideration must be given to conceptual models for each neurodevelopmental condition, methodological issues (paradigm selection and interpretation of self-report and subjective judgment) and developmental considerations.
The Relationship between Consistency and Consensuality in Syllogistic Reasoning
Authors: Bajšanski Igor , Žauhar Valnea
Published: May 2019

In this study, we examined the effects of response consensuality in syllogistic reasoning on patterns of answer change by using the two-response paradigm. Participants evaluated 24 syllogistic problems previously found to differ in consensuality, including consensually correct (CC), consensually wrong (CW), and nonconsensual (NC) items. Each problem was presented two times and participants were required to provide an initial quick answer to the first presentation, to rethink the problem, and to provide their second and final response without time limits to the second presentation. Participants reported the feeling-of-rightness (FOR) following the initial response, and the final judgment of confidence (FJC) after the final response. Following the assumptions of Koriat's (2012) Self-Consistency Model of confidence, we expected higher probability of answer change for initial nonconsensual responses than for initial consensual responses. The results showed that patterns of answer change, as well as metacognitive judgments and response times, were related to item consensus and response consensuality. Nonconsensual responses were more likely to be changed than consensual responses, and the probability of answer change correlated negatively with item consensus. Faster response times and higher FORs and FJCs were obtained for consensual and consistent responses than for nonconsensual and inconsistent responses. The obtained results indicate that answer change may in part be a consequence of random fluctuations in representation sampling, or in generating evidence that supports each of the two response options.
Dual Processing in Syllogistic Reasoning
Authors: Teovanović Predrag
Published: May 2019

The study aimed to examine several assumptions of dual process theories of reasoning by employing individual difference approach. A set of categorical syllogisms was administered to a relatively large sample of participants (N = 247) along with attached confidence rating scales, and
measures of intelligence and cognitive reflection. As expected, response accuracy on syllogistic reasoning tasks highly depended on task
complexity and the status of belief-logic conflict, thus demonstrating beliefbias on the group level. Individual difference analyses showed that more biased subject also performed poorer on Raven's Matrices (r = .25) and Cognitive Reflection Test (r = .27), which is in line with assumptions that willingness to engage and capacities to carry out type 2
processes both contribute to understanding of rational thinking. Moreover, measures of cognitive decoupling were significantly correlated
with the performance on conflict syllogisms (r = .20). Individual differences in sensitivity to conflict detection, on the other side, were not related to reasoning accuracy in general (r = .02). Yet, additional analyses showed that noteworthy correlation between these two
can be observed for easier syllogistic reasoning tasks (r = .26). Such results indicate that boundary conditions of conflict detection should be viewed as a function of both tasks' and participants' characteristics.
Metacognitive Feelings, Conflict Detection and Illusion of Linearity
Authors: Putarek Vanja , Vlahović-Štetić Vesna
Published: May 2019

Studies on conflict detection have suggested that people are sensitive to conflict between their heuristic judgment and logical or probabilistic principles, but due to the inhibition failure, they do not disregard appealing heuristic answer. However, these studies were mostly conducted on syllogistic reasoning and base-rate problems. The question is whether findings about conflict detection can be applied to other materials and areas of reasoning. Current study focused on the illusion of linearity, in which people over-rely on linearity heuristic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether students detect the conflict between heuristic answer and logical/mathematical principles. Participants were 113 secondary school students from Zagreb, Croatia. Data were collected using a computer program, which consisted of instructions, 20 problems (10 linear and 10 non-linear) and sociodemographic questions. Problems were presented randomly in multiple-choice format and had three offered answers (correct answer, distractor, "none of the answers"). Response time for each problem was also measured. Results demonstrated that students mostly solved non-linear problems incorrectly and in accordance with linearity heuristic. Furthermore, the analysis of metacognitive feelings of confidence and difficulty revealed that students detected conflict between heuristic answer and mathematical principles. Moreover, overriding heuristic answer and generating correct answer to non-linear problems resulted in increased response time. Comparison between metacognitive feelings and response time in linear and non-linear problems indicates the importance of processing fluency and inhibition failure in the occurrence of the illusion of linearity.
SISTEM INFORMASI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN Studi Kasus : Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Kota Garut
Authors: Nurdiana Dian , Suryadi Andri
Published: May 2019

Lembaga pemasyarakatan adalah sebuah tempat untuk melakukan pembinaan terhadap narapidana di Indonesia. Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIb Kota Garut saaat ini proses pendataan dan rekapitulasi data narapidana dilakukan secara manual. Dalam arti, pendataan data narapidana dilakukan dengan cara mencatat data narapidana ke dalam buku besar dan pendataan data cuti atau pelepasan bersyarat dicatat ke dalam buku pembinaan. Kemudian dalam melakukan rekapitulasi data narapidana, petugas harus mengelompokan data-data narapidana terlebih dahulu, setelah data selesai dikelompokkan, maka petugas akan membuat hasil rekapitulasi kedalam Microsoft Excel, kemudian data tersebut disajikan kepada pemimpin atau ditempel dipapan tulis dalam bentuk grafik. Serta untuk pendataan data pengunjung dicatat ke dalam buku daftar kunjungan, jadi untuk mengetahui informasi catatan kunjungan, petugas membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Proses tersebut bisa dikatakan sebagai proses manual. Dari permasalahan-permasalahan tersebut penulis bermaksud membantu membuatkan program yang berjudul “Sistem Informasi Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Studi Kasus Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Kota Garut”.
Study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions of Ukraine for implementation of integrated quality systems
Authors: Ubohov S. H. , Trokhymchuk V. V. , Zagoriy G. V. , Fedorova L. O.
Published: May 2019

One of the most promising ways to increase the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises in the field of quality assurance of medicines is the introduction of integrated quality systems (IQS).

The aim of the work is to study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions (pharmaceutical warehouses, pharmacies) and hospital pharmaceutical services of Ukraine for the implementation of integrated quality systems.

The materials of the research are: scientific publications; regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; public reporting information of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control; information posted on professional specialized websites and official websites of pharmaceutical enterprises, hospitals, health departments of local government; information obtained in the process of direct observation and questionnaire survey. Research methods are: systematic review, generalization, observation, questionnaire survey, mathematical-statistical, graphical modeling.

The paper analyzes the availability of certificates of conformity to the requirements of good distribution practice (GDP) in wholesale pharmaceutical enterprises of Ukraine. The geography of the location of certified pharmaceutical warehouses in different regions of Ukraine is considered. In the context of the prospect of formation of IQS, the experience of a wholesale pharmaceutical company with respect to environmental, hygiene and safety and social responsibility is demonstrated. Based on the study of public information, the state of implementation of certified quality management systems (QMS) based on the standard ISO 9001 in pharmacies and hospitals of Ukraine is considered. The expediency of the development of the pharmaceutical IQS as an integral part of the overall QMS of the hospital is shown. Through the questionnaire survey of pharmacists, the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS based on the requirements of good practices and international standards in the field of quality, ecology, health and safety and social responsibility was explored. The state of implementation of good pharmaceutical practice (GPP), the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard, the risk management process for medicines quality, corrective and preventive actions has been studied in pharmacies. Positive tendencies and problems in the context of the readiness of pharmacies of Ukraine for the implementation of IQS have been established. Priority steps for improving the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS are identified.

The research results confirm that over the last years the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine has made significant progress towards increasing the readiness of pharmaceutical institutions for the implementation of integrated quality systems.
Synthesis, diuretic activity research and QSAR-analysis of N-(1,3,4-tiadiazol-2-il)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids
Authors: Drapak І. V.
Published: May 2019

Diuretics are effective drugs that are widely used in medicine, but have unwanted side effects. The derivative of thiadiazole – acetozolamide is a known diuretic. Therefore, the search for diuretics in this series and the establishment of quantitative «structure–activity» (QSAR) dependencies is appropriate.

The aim of the work was to synthesis N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted alkanes of alkanecarboxylic acids, study their diuretic activity, and QSAR analysis.

The objects of the study were N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted alkanes of alkanecarboxylic acids, obtained by the interaction of 2-amino-5-alkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole with the corresponding acylchlorides. Investigation of diuretic activity of synthesized compounds was carried out by the method of Berchin. Hyper-Chem and BuildQSAR software were used for calculation of molecular descriptors and QSAR-models.

Synthesis of 12 N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids, the structure of which was confirmed by PMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Studies of diuretic activity showed that the synthesized compounds had pronounced diuretic properties, and some of them according to activity indicators were approaching or exceeding comparative preparations. Compound N-(5-methyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl) propionamide showed the best diuretic effect: increased daily diuresis in white rats, in comparison with intact control, in 2.47 times (p ≤ 0,001), in comparison with hydrochlorothiazide was in 1,6 times and acetazolamide was 1,75 times. The calculation of the molecular descriptors of N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids was conducted. Based on the calculated values of molecular descriptors and diuretic activity values of 12 synthesized compounds, a QSAR analysis was performed. Analysis of structure-diuretic activity showed the greatest influence of lipophilicity, energy parameters, spatial structure and size of the molecule. Moreover, diuretic activity increases with increasing logP, decreasing the refractive, volume and area of the molecule, increasing the energy of the higher occupied molecular orbital. Increasing the charge on the Sulfur atom of the thiadiazole ring and the Оxygen atom of the carbonyl group, reducing the angle between the Sulfur atoms, the Nitrogen of the amide group and the Oxygen, and increasing the angle between the Nitrogene atoms of the thiadiazole ring, the Oxygen and the Nitrogen of the amide group, also increases diuretic activity.

The results of the diuretic activity of the synthesized compounds N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)substituted amides of alkanecarboxylic acids show the potential for the search for diuretic agents among 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. The resulting QSAR models will be used to modelling and prediction the activity of new potential diuretics.
Quality assurance strategy of pharmacy compounded drugs
Authors: Zdoryk O. A.
Published: May 2019

Formulations and in-pharmacy preparation process of compounded drugs were being created for centuries, and seem to have no concerns regarding the quality, compatibility and stability during storage or usage. Taking in mind modern trends for quality assurance and standardization of drugs, quality of preparation process of compounded drugs can be proved by using of a systematic approach that is based on pharmaceutical quality systems. Variability of preparation conditions, preparation equipment from pharmacy to pharmacy, personal professional skills require the development of defined standards, rules and summarized the strategy of quality assurance of compounded drugs.

The aim of this paper was determination of critical factors and development of the design for quality assurance of compounded drugs.

The materials of this study were the regulative base of Ukraine, international documents, guidances and own investigations concerning the requirements for the preparation process and quality control of compounded drugs. The methods used were data systematical analysis, bibliosemantic and summary.

The achievement of good quality of compounded drugs can be present as a step-by-step process, that cover adherence to necessary preparation procedure and knowledge of peculiarities of drugs, process understanding, identification of risks and its evaluation, minimization and implementation of the quality management system for documentation, equipment and personnel. As a result of preparation schemes analysis, the critical factors were determined and the Fishbone diagram was proposed. The factors contributing to the general strategy of compounded drugs quality assurance, such as prescription analysis, personnel, regulative base, conditions of preparation process and equipment, documentation, dispensing, characteristics of active ingredients and additives, compounding design, preparation technology, containers and package, quality control, stability and labelling were determined. The proposed diagram of causes and effects can be used as a template for the identification and quantification of risks during preparation and quality control of compounded drugs.

The proposed general scheme for quality assurance is necessary for organization and optimization of monitoring preparation and quality control, implementation of remedial and preventive measures, tracking of causes, nonconformities, and prevention of its repetition, management of variables, determination of improvement possibilities and audit conducting.
Pijakan Strategi Kebijakan STIT Raden Wijaya Mojokerto dalam Implementasi Pengorganisasian Pembelajaran Berbasis Riset dengan Pendekatan Al Qur’an
Authors: Yulianti Eva
Published: May 2019

Generally the learning approach is in accordance with Islamic principles in all respects, because learning and seeking knowledge are the most commendable activities in Islam. References from the Qur'an and the Prophet's tradition suggest that learning is mandatory for every man and woman, and must be regarded as the most important thing in life. This study aims: to describe the STIT Raden Wijaya Mojokerto policy strategy footing in the implementation of organizing research-based learning with the Al Qur'an approach. The implementation of research-based methods in the teaching of Islamic education has proven to be good both in concept and in practice. something very important to consider, especially in terms of Islamic learning abilities and habits and the level of students' mastery of learning. Performance assessment is very important as an effective evaluation tool in learning. In general this refers to self-evaluation and lessons learned, and usually it relates to the purpose of life and divine guidance. Because the climate for learning also implies voluntary learning