bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
„(A) nasze dusze smutne mają pyski.leżą na dywanie. wyją. nie dają żyć” (J. Mansztajn, O duszy) – leksem dusza w najnowszej poezji polskiej
Authors: Stempel-Gancarczyk Karina
Published: July 2016

“(Y)et the faces of our souls are sad. lying on the carpet. howling. tormenting us.” (J. Mansztajn, O duszy) – the lexeme dusza (soul) in contemporary Polish poetryThe article concerns the occurrences of the lexeme soul in contemporary Polish poetry. Due to the extensive amount of material available for analysis, it concentrates on volumes that were awarded or nominated in the selected Polish poetry contests in 2010–2015 (Wisława Szymborska Award, “Nike” Literary Award, “Silesius” Wrocław Poetry Award, Kościelscy Award, “Orfeusz” K. I. Gałczyński Poetry Award, “Gdynia” Literary Prize and “Złoty Środek Poezji” Award). The article presents the contexts of occurrence of the lexeme dusza (soul), as well as the related lexemes duch (spirit) and duszyczka (small soul – animula), it characterizes the term in relation to its both religious and non-religious aspects, and shows what functions it serves in poetic texts. „(A) nasze dusze smutne mają pyski. leżą na dywanie. wyją. nie dają żyć” (J. Mansztajn, O duszy) – leksem dusza w najnowszej poezji polskiejArtykuł dotyczy wystąpień leksemu dusza w najnowszej poezji polskiej. Z uwagi na zakres materiału dostępnego do analizy rozważania skupiają się na tomach nagrodzonych lub nominowanych do nagród w wybranych ogólnopolskich konkursach poetyckich w latach 2010–2015 (Nagroda im. Wisławy Szymborskiej, Nagroda Literacka „Nike”, Wrocławska Nagroda Poetycka „Silesius”, Nagroda Fundacji im. Kościelskich, Nagroda Poetycka im. K. I. Gałczyńskiego „Orfeusz”, Nagroda Literacka „Gdynia” oraz Nagroda „Złoty Środek Poezji”). W artykule przedstawione są konteksty pojawiania się leksemu dusza oraz leksemów pokrewnych: duch i duszyczka, charakterystyka tego pojęcia z uwzględnieniem aspektów religijnych i niereligijnych, a także funkcje, jakie zyskuje ono w tekstach poetyckich.
Językowy obraz duszy w ekfrazach z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na podstawie wybranych wierszy Zofii Gordziałkowskiej
Authors: Bagińska Lucyna
Published: July 2016

The linguistic image of the soul in the ekphrases of the late-19th and early-20th century as exemplified by selected poems by Zofia GordziałkowskaThe main objective of the paper is to describe the linguistic image of the soul in ekphrases of the Young Poland period. In this period, literary works were often inspired by the art of painting. The focus is on the poetry of Zofia Gordziałkowska, which was largely motivated by her fascination with the then popular Swedish painter Arnold Böcklin, whose works are populated mainly by characters from the Bible and classical mythology.The reconstruction of the concept of the soul based on the texts is juxtaposed with general language data. For the analysis of the material I use the methodology of structuralism (e.g. tracing the position of the object in the lexical field) and cognitivism (examining the conceptualization of the category and its proliferation). The conclusions of the interdisciplinary examination are connected with symbolism as both an artistic movement within modernism and a philosophy of the turn of the 20th century. Językowy obraz duszy w ekfrazach z przełomu XIX i XX wieku na podstawie wybranych wierszy Zofii GordziałkowskiejCelem rozważań jest ukazanie językowego obrazu duszy zawartego w młodopolskich ekfrazach Zofii Gordziałkowskiej, zafascynowanej popularnym wówczas w Europie malarstwem Szwajcara Arnolda Böcklina. Jego dzieła zaludniają głównie postaci z mitologii antycznej i Biblii.Zrekonstruowanie pojęcia duszy na podstawie tekstów artystycznych i przedstawienie na tle danych zawartych w języku ogólnym doprowadziło do ustalenia różnicy między jego rozumieniem w tych odmianach języka. Analiza materiału z wykorzystaniem głównie metodologii kognitywizmu, dążącej do zbadania konceptualizacji pojęcia, jego profilowania i kategoryzacji, pozwoliła na nietradycyjne odczytanie poezji i wzbogacenie istniejących badań z zakresu lingwistyki kognitywnej. Wnioski z interpretacji wierszy zostały powiązane z symbolizmem jako nurtem artystycznym modernizmu i filozofią przełomu wieku XIX i XX.
Znaczenie i sposób postrzegania duszy w kulturze podhalańskiej
Authors: Gotówka Agnieszka
Published: July 2016

The meaning and perception of soul in the culture of the Podhale regionThe paper discusses issues related to funerary rites in the culture of the Podhale region and the concept of soul, as laid out in the highlander dialect by Rev. Józef Tischner, a concept which is closely connected with Podhale culturemes, e.g. music, as well as with mythological themes. The highlanders’ belief about their own uniqueness is reflected in their perception of soul travel, in which soul is endowed with typically highlander properties and heads towards God through the mountains and valleys of Podhale. Znaczenie i sposób postrzegania duszy w kulturze podhalańskiejW referacie podjęte zostały zagadnienia związane z rytuałem pogrzebowym w kulturze podhalańskiej oraz koncepcją duszy wyłożoną gwarą góralską przez księdza Józefa Tischnera, która ściśle łączy się z podhalańskimi kulturemami, takimi jak muzyka, i motywami mitologicznymi. Przekonanie górali o ich wyjątkowości znajduje odzwierciedlenie w pojmowaniu przez nich wędrówki duszy, która – odznaczając się typowo góralskimi przymiotami – zmierza do Boga ścieżkami wiodącymi przez góry i podhalańskie doliny.
Future Decreases in Freezing Days across North America
Authors: Rawlins Michael A. , Bradley Raymond S. , Diaz Henry F. , Kimball John S. , Robinson David A.
Published: July 2016

This study used air temperatures from a suite of regional climate models participating in the North American Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) together with two atmospheric reanalysis datasets to investigate changes in freezing days (defined as days with daily average temperature below freezing) likely to occur between 30-yr baseline (1971–2000) and midcentury (2041–70) periods across most of North America. Changes in NARCCAP ensemble mean winter temperature show a strong gradient with latitude, with warming of over 4°C near Hudson Bay. The decline in freezing days ranges from less than 10 days across north-central Canada to nearly 90 days in the warmest areas of the continent that currently undergo seasonally freezing conditions. The area experiencing freezing days contracts by 0.9–1.0 × 106 km2 (5.7%–6.4% of the total area). Areas with mean annual temperature between 2° and 6°C and a relatively low rate of change in climatological daily temperatures (<0.2°C day−) near the time of spring thaw will encounter the greatest decreases in freezing days. Advances in the timing of spring thaw will exceed the delay in fall freeze across much of the United States, with the reverse pattern likely over most of Canada.
Interdecadal Variations in the Relationship between the Winter North Atlantic Oscillation and Temperature in South-Central China
Authors: Zuo Jinqing , Ren Hong-Li , Li Weijing , Wang Lei
Published: July 2016

Interdecadal variations in the relationship between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and surface air temperature in China are investigated using observational and reanalysis data. Focus is on south-central China, in which temperature variability is strongly related to the NAO. It is revealed that the relationship shows clear interdecadal variations in midwinter during 1951–2015. A relatively weak in-phase relationship occurs before the early 1970s (P1), but a significant out-of-phase relationship dominates in the last two decades of the twentieth century (P2), though it is clearly weaker from the late 1990s onward. Observational evidence shows that such interdecadal variations are related mainly to variations in the spatial pattern and amplitude of the NAO. The northern center of the NAO shifted eastward over the second half of the twentieth century. In addition, the amplitude of the center strengthened from P1 to P2, resulting in a perturbation in the atmospheric circulation response pattern over Eurasian mid-to-high latitudes. During P2, the eastward shift and amplitude intensification of the NAO favored a north–south dipole structure in circulation anomalies over the Asian continent, which tended to produce cold temperature anomalies in south-central China during the positive NAO phase and warm anomalies during the negative phase. However, in the past two decades the northern center of the NAO has weakened and retreated westward. This was concurrent with a weakening relationship between the NAO and temperature anomalies in south-central China and northern Eurasia, indicating weaker downstream impacts of the NAO in midwinter.
Insights into Earth’s Energy Imbalance from Multiple Sources
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Fasullo John T. , von Schuckmann Karina , Cheng Lijing
Published: July 2016

The current Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) can best be estimated from changes in ocean heat content (OHC), complemented by top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation measurements and an assessment of the small non-ocean components. Sustained observations from the Argo array of autonomous profiling floats enable near-global estimates of OHC since 2005, which reveal considerable cancellation of variations in the upper 300 m. An analysis of the monthly contributions to EEI from non-ocean components (land and ice) using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble reveals standard deviations of 0.3–0.4 W m−2 (global); largest values occur in August, but values are below 0.75 W m−2 greater than 95% of the time. Global standard deviations of EEI of 0.64 W m−2 based on top-of-atmosphere observations therefore substantially constrain ocean contributions, given by the tendencies of OHC. Instead, monthly standard deviations of many Argo-based OHC tendencies are 6–13 W m−2, and nonphysical fluctuations are clearly evident. It is shown that an ocean reanalysis with multivariate dynamical data assimilation features much better agreement with TOA radiation, and 44% of the vertically integrated short-term OHC trend for 2005–14 of 0.8 ± 0.2 W m−2 (globally) occurs below 700-m depth. Largest warming occurs from 20° to 50°S, especially over the southern oceans, and near 40°N in all ocean analyses. The EEI is estimated to be 0.9 ± 0.3 W m−2 for 2005–14.
Quantifying the Incoherent M2 Internal Tide in the Philippine Sea
Authors: Kerry Colette G. , Powell Brian S. , Carter Glenn S.
Published: July 2016

The baroclinic tides are a crucial source of mixing energy into the deep ocean; however, the incoherent portion of the spectrum is not well examined because it is difficult to observe. This study estimates the coherent and incoherent M2 internal tide energy fluxes in the Philippine Sea using a primitive equation model that resolves the M2 barotropic and baroclinic tides and the time-evolving atmospherically forced eddying circulation. A time-mean, incoherent, internal tide energy flux of 25% of the coherent energy flux is found to emanate eastward into the Philippine Sea from the Luzon Strait and a time-mean incoherent portion of 30% of the coherent energy flux propagates westward into the South China Sea (SCS). The incoherent internal tide energy results from baroclinic tide generation and propagation variability. Quantifying the incoherent portion estimates the energy missing from altimeter-derived or line-integral acoustic measurements and places short-lived, in situ observations in the context of variability.
Compression pants with differential pressurization: Kinetic and kinematical effects on stability
Authors: Lee Hyojeong , Hong Kyunghi , Lee Yejin
Published: July 2016

Clothing pressure is a very important variable in compression garments that is frequently omitted in other studies, despite the possibility of altering the experimental design and results. Most studies focus on testing the effects of released products rather than on how to design them. The aim of this study is to identify methods to increase stability of an extremity by developing compression pants with a design that assigns differential pressurization. CP1 (clothing pressure knee region: 0.95–1.03 kPa), which reinforces the knee joint, and CP2 (clothing pressure knee region: 1.67–2.12 kPa), which reinforces the knee joint and hamstring, are developed. In addition, CCP (clothing pressure knee region: 0.44–0.58 kPa) was developed as a control garment. Seven subjects wearing CP1, CP2, or CCP, performed single-leg landing from 40 cm height, for motion analysis. As a result, the angular velocity of the hip and knee, as well as the knee joint range of motion was increased significantly when CP1 are worn. Therefore, CP1 is efficient in absorbing the energy of the impact, making it much practical in terms of stability. The peak vertical ground reaction force showed little difference when different design of compression pants were tested. Meanwhile, CP2 significantly increases the knee moment. It is important to add that even a subtle manipulation of the level, location, or the method of pressurization significantly changes the stability of joints and the performance of exercise. This research shows that the functions of compression garments differ according to the level of pressurization and differential pressurization.
New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. V. Katiarsite, KTiO(AsO4)
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Britvin Sergey N. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Vigasina Marina F. , Sidorov Evgeny G.
Published: July 2016

A new mineral katiarsite, ideally KTiO(AsO4), occurs in sublimates of the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with hatertite, bradaczekite, johillerite, yurmarinite, tilasite, arsmirandite, hematite, tenorite, As-bearing orthoclase, fluorophlogopite and aphthitalite. Katiarsite occurs as long prismatic to acicular, typically sword-like, crystals up to 3 μm×10μm×50 μm in size, and rarely up to 0.15 mm long. Crystal forms are {011}, {201}, {100} and {001}. Katiarsite is transparent, colourless, with a vitreous lustre. The mineral is brittle. Cleavage was not observed, the fracture is uneven. Dcalc is 3.49 g cm–3. Katiarsite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.784(3), β = 1.792(3), γ = 1.870(5); 2Vobs is small. Orientation is X = b, Y = a, Z = c. The Raman spectrum is reported. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe data) is K2O 18.98, Fe2O3 5.07, TiO2 27.49, As2O5 47.48, total 99.02. The empirical formula, calculated based on 5 O apfu, is K1.00 (Ti0.85Fe3+0.16)∑1.01 As1.02O5. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are 5.91(17)(110), 5.62(74)(011), 4.18(19)(202), 3.157(66) (013), 2.826(100)(221), 2.809(96)(022) and 2.704(19)(004). Katiarsite is orthorhombic, a = 13.174(4), b = 6.5635(10), c = 10.805(2) Å, V = 934.3(3) Å3, Z = 8, space group Pna21, by analogy with KTA, synthetic KTiO(AsO4), a notable non-linear optical crystalline material. The name of the mineral reflects its chemical composition, kalium titanyl arsenate.
Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XVII. Meerschautite, (Ag,Cu)5.5Pb42.4(Sb,As)45.1S112O0.8, a new expanded derivative of owyheeite from the Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci: occurrence and crystal structure
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Moëlo Yves , Orlandi Paolo , Stanley Chris J.
Published: July 2016

The new mineral species meerschautite, ideally (Ag,Cu)5.5Pb42.4(Sb,As)45.1S112O0.8, has been discovered in the baryte + pyrite ± (Pb-Zn-Ag) deposit of the Pollone mine, near Valdicastello Carducci, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as black prismatic crystals, striated along [100], up to 2 mm long and 0.5 mm thick, associated with baryte, boulangerite, pyrite, quartz and sphalerite. Meerschautite is opaque with a metallic lustre and shows a black streak. In reflected light, meerschautite is white in colour, weakly bireflectant and non pleochroic. With crossed polars, it is distinctly anisotropic with grey to dark grey rotation tints with brownish and greenish shades. Reflectance percentages for COM wavelengths [λ (nm), Rair (%)] are: 470: 39.7/41.4; 546: 38.3/39.9; 589: 37.4/39.0; 650: 35.8/37.2. Electron-microprobe data collected on two different samples gave (wt.%): Cu 0.22, Ag 3.15, Tl 0.07, Pb 48.54, Sb 25.41, As 2.82, S 19.74, Se 0.14, Cl 0.03, sum 100.12 (# 1) and Cu 0.22, Ag 3.04, Tl 0.13, Pb 48.53, Sb 25.40, As 2.93, Bi 0.06, S 19.82, Se 0.13, Cl 0.05, sum 100.31 (# 2). On the basis of 112 anions (S+Se+Cl) per formula unit, the empirical formulae are (Ag5.29Cu0.63)∑5.92(Pb42.43Tl0.06)∑42.49(Sb37.80As6.82)∑44.62(S111.53Se0.32Cl0.15)∑112 (# 1) and (Ag5.08Cu0.62)∑5.70(Pb42.22Tl0.12)∑42.34(Sb37.61As7.07Bi0.05)∑44.73(S111.45Se0.30Cl0.25)∑112 (# 2). Main diffraction lines, corresponding to multiple hkl indices, are [d in Å (relative visual intensity)]: 3.762 (m), 3.663 (s), 3.334 (vs), 3.244 (s), 3.016 (m), 2.968 (m), 2.902 (m), 2.072 (ms). The crystal structure study gave a monoclinic unit cell, space group P21, with a = 8.2393(1), b = 43.6015(13), c = 28.3688(8) Å, β = 94.128(2)°, V = 10164.93(2) Å3, Z = 2. The crystal structure has been solved and refined to a final R1 = 0.122 on the basis of 49,037 observed reflections. The structure is based on two building blocks, both formed by a complex column with a pseudotrigonal Pb6S12 core and two arms of unequal lengths (short and long arms, respectively). Two different kinds of short arms occur in meerschautite. One is an Ag-rich arm, whereas the other shows localized Sb–O–Sb bonds. Meerschautite is an expanded derivative of owyheeite and has quasi-homeotypic relationships with sterryite and parasterryite.
Observation of Sb2S3-type post-post-perovskite in NaFeF3. Implications for ABX3 and A2X3 systems at ultrahigh pressure
Authors: Crichton W. A. , Bernal F. L. , Guignard J. , Hanfland M. , Margadonna S.
Published: July 2016

We describe the structures and transformations that lead to the crystallization of a post-post-perovskite of Sb2S3 type in a GdFeO3-type fluoroperovskite system at high-pressure conditions, through use of large-volume powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques. The results of this analysis gives unique access to the relative crystallographic orientations of all the polymorphs encountered (GdFeO3 type, CaIrO3 type and Sb2S3 type). We use this information to extend this description to include other calculated and observed forms that are competitive in ABX3 and A2X3 stoichiometries (e.g. α-Gd2S3 and Be3N2 types) and provide substantial information on inter-relationships between these structures. Such information is critical to the interpretation of transition mechanisms, predicting transition sequences and to the expression of directional properties in those transformed structures. The transformation from CaIrO3 type to Sb2S3 type is group-subgroup, from Cmcm with fc2a, to Pnma c5, with no observable volume change, but considerable change to the morphology of the lattice. There is a concomitant increase in coordination and average bond length compared to the post-perovskite form of NaFeF3.
Associations between healthy eating patterns and indicators of metabolic risk in postmenopausal women
Authors: Tardivo Ana P , Nahas-Neto Jorge , Nahas Eliana AP , Maesta Nailza , Rodrigues Marcio AH , Orsatti Fabio L
Published: July 2016

Background

Since human diets contain many components that may work synergistically to prevent or promote disease, assessing diet quality may be informative. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between quality diet, by using Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and metabolic risk indicators in postmenopausal women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included a total of 173 Brazilian women, aged 45-75 years, seeking healthcare at a public outpatient center. Food consumption assessed by 24 h-recall food inquiry was used to calculate HEI scores: >80 implied diet good, 80-51 diet "needed improvement", and <51 diet poor. Anthropometric data included: body mass index (BMI = weight/height2), waist-circumference (WC), body fat (%BF) and lean mass (%LM). Data on total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglycerides (TG) were also collected. Fisher's Exact test, and logistic regression method (to determine odds ratio, OR) were used in the statistical analysis.

Results

Overweight and obesity were observed in 75.7% of the participants. Excessive %BF (> 35%) was observed in 56.1%, while %LM was reduced (< 70%) in 78.1%. WC was elevated (≥88 cm) in 72.3%. Based on HEI values, diet quality was good in 3% (5/173), needed improvement in 48.5% (84/173), and was poor in 48.5% (84/173) of the cases. In this group, 75% of women had high intakes of lipids (> 35%), predominantly saturated and monounsaturated fat. On average, plasma TC, LDLC, and TG levels were higher than recommended in 57.2%, 79.2% and 45.1% of the women, respectively, while HDLC was low in 50.8%. There was association between HEI scores and the %BF that it was higher among women with HEI score < 80 (p = 0.021). There were not observed significant risk associations between HEI and lipid profile.

Conclusion

Among the Brazilian postmenopausal women attending a public outpatient clinic, diet was considered to need improvement or to be of poor quality, attributed to high saturated fat ingestion, which probably caused a negative impact on metabolic risk indicators, namely body composition.
Classification model of amino acid sequences prone to aggregation of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Marczak Monika , Okoniewska Krystyna , Grabowski Tomasz
Published: July 2016

Background

Total body clearance of biological drugs is for the most part dependent on the receptor mechanisms (receptor mediated clearance) and the concentration of antibodies aimed at administered drug – anti-drug-antibodies (ADA). One of the significant factors that induces the increase of ADA level after drug administration could be the aggregates present in the finished product or formed in the organism. Numerous attempts have been made to identify the sequence fragments that could be responsible for forming the aggregates – aggregate prone regions (APR).

Purpose

The aim of this study was to find physiochemical parameters specific to APR that would differentiate APR from other sequences present in therapeutic proteins.

Methods

Two groups of amino acid sequences were used in the study. The first one was represented by the sequences separated from the therapeutic proteins (n = 84) able to form APR. A control set (CS) consisted of peptides that were chosen based on 22 tregitope sequences.

Results

Classification model and four classes (A, B, C, D) of sequences were finally presented. For model validation Cooper statistics was presented.

Conclusions

The study proposes a classification model of APR. This consists in a distinction of APR from sequences that do not form aggregates based on the differences in the value of physicochemical parameters. Significant share of electrostatic parameters in relation to classification model was indicated.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE AND THE PETROLEUM RESEARCH FUND
Authors: McEuen R. R. , Cram I. H. , Slack H. A.
Published: July 2016

The intent of this report for the SEG Research Committee is to familiarize the membership with the existence of two nongovernmental organizations which support basic research in geophysics. These organizations are the American Petroleum Institute (API), and the Petroleum Research Fund (PRF) which is administered by the American Chemical Society (ACS). To a very large extent the funds made available by these two organizations are given as grant-in-aid (GIA) support for graduate student research under the supervision of qualified academic researchers. Therefore both funds perform two fundamental services for the geophysical industry. These are: (1) to support basic research in geophysics, and (2) to provide a supply of competent research geophysicists.
FOREWORD
Authors: Van Melle F. A.
Published: July 2016

The first half of this issue is devoted to VELA UNIFORM-sponsored research; the papers contained in it should be classed with the papers that appeared in the April, 1964, issue, which consisted entirely of papers based on VELA UNIFORM- supported projects. The papers in the second group are those that, for a variety of reasons, did not make the deadline for the april issue (December 15, 1963): Some could not be reviewed in time-theoretical papers especially are not reviewed over a weekend-while in other cases the dialogue between reviewer and author continued till after the deadline. These statistical vagaries, however, do not imply any inherent difference between the VELA UNIFORM papers in the April and the October issues. Both deserve the close attention of the geophysical reader who stands to get fresh ideas from the various approaches made here to the problems in the neighboring field of nuclear-blast detection, and from the instrumental and theoretical developments that resulted from the attack on these problems
ERNEST JOHN MARTI(1913-1964)
Authors: SAX WILLIAM A.
Published: July 2016

Ernest John Marti, of Houston, Texas, died June 22, 1964, in Herman Hospital of a prolonged blood disease (multiple myeloma). Although he was ill for at least the past one and a half years, his vigorous leadership and fine humor were in evidence until the very end.

He is survived by his wife, Lee Wright Marti, and two sisters who live in Detroit and Birmingham, Michigan. Both of his parents are dead, and Lee and “Marti” had no children.
Foreword
Authors: Flinn Edward A.
Published: July 2016

Since the invention of seismic prospecting more than fifty years ago, significant developments have occurred at an ever increasing rate. Individual opinions would differ about the relative importance of many of these: invention of the reflection method, perfection of techniques for automatic display of record sections, introduction of lightweight geophones, fully portable field recording systems, and media for reproducible recording; and the like. Most geophysicists would agree, however, that what has come to be known as the “digital revolution” overshadows most of the earlier developments.
Memorials
Authors: Osterhoudt Walter J. , Lee W. B.
Published: July 2016

Paul Weaver's intelligence, industriousness, and inherentgoodness were inherited from his parents, Eli W. and Susan E. (Oberlin) Weaver. Born in Carrollton, Kentucky, on May 18, 1888, the oldest of a family of nine children, he was destined to travel far and wide and to achieve high honors in many fields. Paul was a small boy, but, through hard physical work and athletics, he developed the physique and the determination which lasted throughout his life. Paul was quick to learn, curious, and investigative. With little effort, he trained himself to be ambidextrous; with a little more effort, he developed his unusual speeds in reading, writing, and speaking which always amazed his colleagues. He paced his genius pleasantly, too, so we could share his path for awhile.
Genetic Landscape of Sporadic Unilateral Adrenocortical Adenomas Without PRKACA p.Leu206Arg Mutation
Authors: Ronchi Cristina L. , Di Dalmazi Guido , Faillot Simon , Sbiera Silviu , Assié Guillaume , Weigand Isabel , Calebiro Davide , Schwarzmayr Thomas , Appenzeller Silke , Rubin Beatrice , Waldmann Jens , Scaroni Carla , Bartsch Detlef K. , Mantero Franco , Mannelli Massimo , Kastelan Darko , Chiodini Iacopo , Bertherat Jerome , Reincke Martin , Strom Tim M. , Fassnacht Martin , Beuschlein Felix ,   on behalf of the European Network for the Study of Adrenocortical Tumors (ENSAT)
Published: July 2016

Context:

Adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) are among the most frequent human neoplasias. Genetic alterations affecting the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway are common in cortisol-producing ACAs, whereas activating mutations in the gene encoding β-catenin (CTNNB1) have been reported in a subset of both benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors. However, the molecular pathogenesis of most ACAs is still largely unclear.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to define the genetic landscape of sporadic unilateral ACAs.

Design and Setting:

Next-generation whole-exome sequencing was performed on fresh-frozen tumor samples and corresponding normal tissue samples.

Patients:

Ninety-nine patients with ACAs (74 cortisol-producing and 25 endocrine inactive) negative for p.Leu206Arg PRKACA mutation.

Main Outcome Measures:

Identification of known and/or new genetic alterations potentially involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis and autonomous hormone secretion, genotype-phenotype correlation.

Results:

A total of 706 somatic protein-altering mutations were detected in 88 of 99 tumors (median, six per tumor). We identified several mutations in genes of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, including three novel mutations in PRKACA, associated with female sex and Cushing's syndrome. We also found genetic alterations in different genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, associated with larger tumors and endocrine inactivity, and notably, in many genes of the Ca2+-signaling pathway. Finally, by comparison of our genetic data with those available in the literature, we describe a comprehensive genetic landscape of unilateral ACAs.

Conclusions:

This study provides the largest sequencing effort on ACAs to date. We thereby identified somatic alterations affecting known and novel pathways potentially involved in adrenal tumorigenesis.
Capturing Essential Information to Achieve Safe Interoperability
Authors: Weininger Sandy , Jaffe Michael B. , Rausch Tracy , Goldman Julian M.
Published: July 2016

In this article, we describe the role of “clinical scenario” information to assure the safety of interoperable systems, as well as the system’s ability to deliver the requisite clinical functionality to improve clinical care. Described are methods and rationale for capturing the clinical needs, workflow, hazards, and device interactions in the clinical environment. Key user (clinician and clinical engineer) needs and system requirements can be derived from this information, therefore, improving the communication from clinicians to medical device and information technology system developers. This methodology is intended to assist the health care community, including researchers, standards developers, regulators, and manufacturers, by providing clinical definition to support requirements in the systems engineering process, particularly those focusing on development of Integrated Clinical Environments described in standard ASTM F2761. Our focus is on identifying and documenting relevant interactions and medical device capabilities within the system using a documentation tool called medical device interface data sheets

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and mitigating hazardous situations related to workflow, product usability, data integration, and the lack of effective medical device-health information technology system integration to achieve safe interoperability. Portions of the analysis of a clinical scenario for a “patient-controlled analgesia safety interlock” are provided to illustrate the method. Collecting better clinical adverse event information and proposed solutions can help identify opportunities to improve current device capabilities and interoperability and support a learning health system to improve health care delivery. Developing and analyzing clinical scenarios are the first steps in creating solutions to address vexing patient safety problems and enable clinical innovation. A Web-based research tool for implementing a means of acquiring and managing this information, the Clinical Scenario Repository™ (MD PnP Program), is described.
Paracrine effect of carbon monoxide: astrocytes promote neuroprotection via purinergic signaling
Authors: Queiroga Cláudia S.F. , Alves Raquel M.A. , Conde Sílvia V. , Alves Paula M. , Vieira Helena L.A.
Published: July 2016

Carbon monoxide neuroprotective role has been studied in a cell autonomous mode. Herein a new concept is disclosed: CO affects astrocyte-neuron communication in a paracrine manner towards neuroprotection. Neuronal survival was assessed whenever co-cultured with astrocytes pre-treated or not with CO. CO-pre-treated astrocytes reduced neuronal cell death and the cellular mechanisms were pursued, targeting purinergic signaling. CO modulates astrocytic metabolism and extracellular ATP content in the co-culture media. Moreover, several antagonists of P1 adenosine and P2 ATP receptors partially reverted CO-induced neuroprotection via astrocytes. Likewise, knocking down the neuronal P1 adenosine receptor A2A-R expression reverts neuroprotection. Neuroprotection of CO-treated astrocytes also decreased following prevention of ATP or adenosine release from astrocytic cells and inhibition of extracellular ATP metabolization into adenosine. Finally, the neuronal downstream event involves TrkB receptors and BDNF. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TrkB receptor reverts neuroprotection triggered by CO-treated astrocytes. Furthermore, the neuronal ratio BDNF/pro-BDNF increased in the presence of CO-treated astrocytes and decreased whenever A2A-R expression was silenced. In summary, CO prevents neuronal cell death in a paracrine manner by targeting astrocytic metabolism via purinergic signaling.
X-ll Seasonal Adjustment Program Options
Authors: Hotta Luiz Koodi , Cazorla Irene Mauricio
Published: July 2016

X-11 and X-11-ARIMA programs are widely used in seasonal adjustment. One of the reasons for their success is the almost automatic application of the methods. The paper shows, however, that an appropriate use of the options available can improve considerably the performance of the programs. The effects and power of some options arc analyzed through the application of the X-ll-ARIMA program to a empirical series which presents strong both trend and seasonal structural change.
Saving and Real Interest Rates in Brazil
Authors: Gleizer Daniel Luiz
Published: July 2016

This paper presents a critical analysis of governments' attempts to increase national and private savings by raising the real rate of return on financial assets. Using the Brazilian economy as a case study, the paper argues that successes in increasing the savings rate can be traced to the fiscal reforms that accompanied the process of financial system redesign that sought to free interest rates from administrative controls. Two types of econometric exercises are performed to offer evidence of the responsiveness of savings to changes in the expected real interest rate. The first one uses a standard saving function approach in evaluating the magnitude of the interest elasticity of savings. The second test addresses the issue by using the Euler equation technique and measuring the rate of intertemporal substitution in consumption. The results obtained in both sections point to a negligible effect of real interest rates on aggregate and private sector saving. These results have important implications for the design of stabilization and structural reform programs and they contradict the fundamental behavioral hypothesis underlying the savings policy advice most often given to developing economies by international organizations like the World Bank and the IMF.
O Axioma da Transitividade é Supérfluo?
Authors: Moldau Juan Hersztajn
Published: July 2016

This paper is concerned with a discussion about the necessity of a transitivity axiom in choice theory. The best known attempts to dismiss the transitivity property employ the convexity condition. In this article we show that the convexity condition implies transitivity in all linear directions. We provide then a simple proof of the existence of a demand correspondence in a two-dimensional commodity space without imposing an explicit transitivity condition. A brief discussion on the meaning of the transitivity property that is implicit in the convexity condition concludes the paper.
O Índice de Desigualdade de Theil-Atkinson
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: July 2016

The paper stresses the correspondence between the second inequality measure (L) developed by Theil (1967) from Information Theory and one member of the family of indices proposed by Atkinson (1970), based on a measure of social welfare. The sensitivity of L to regressive income transfers is compared with the sensitivities of the Gini index and the redundancy (Theil's first measure). It is shown how the inequality within strata can be estimated when computing L for grouped data. In the last section the size distribution of income in Brazil in 1960, 1970, 1980 and the period 1985-89 is analysed, showing the importance of using different inequality measures in order to better detect the changes in the distribution.
Wage Dynamics in Urban Brazil: Evidence of Regional Segmentation or National Markets?
Authors: Savedoff William D.
Published: July 2016

In spite of Brazil's rapid pace of economic integration in recent decades, there remains substantial evidence of regional differences in wages. Numerous studies have also cited the impact of the country's form of economic development on various skill and occupational categories. On the other hand, macroeconomic models generally simplify labor market processes by assuming a single homogeneous national labor market. Arc wages in Brazil, then, determined by isolated regional, occupational, or nationwide factors? This study develops an econometric model for decomposing annual wage changes into national, occupational, and regional effects and applies it to data on male employees in Brazil's major urban areas to test whether the annual wage changes are more similar among occupational or local categories. It shows that wages are affected both by local conditions and national occupational trends, and furthermore that the underlying patterns of regional and occupational wage differentials are quite stable.
A Brief Look on the Literature on Deseasonalization
Authors: Campos Julia
Published: July 2016

This paper presents the issues related to seasonality patterns and deseasonalization procedures of economic variables. The paper concludes claiming that: (i) analysing long-term movements of economic time series separately from short-term ones may be useful for economic policy analysis; (ii) there is an yet unresolved difficulty in finding suitable definitions for the components; (iii) if the X-ll procedure is to be used, then the X-ll forecast plus current updating is suggested; (iv) there are several reasons for using seasonally unajusted data for econometric modelling rather than deseasonalized data.
Testing Exports Underinvoicing Under a Dual Exchange Rate Regime: Evidence for Brazilian Exports
Authors: Issler João Victor
Published: July 2016

The paper uses an expected utility model to explain exports underinvoicing under a dual exchange rate regime. Econometric estimation is done using an Error Correction Model (ECM). The hypotheses of export price and quantity underinvoicing are tested and the model confirms the former but not the latter. Using the estimated ECM, consistent estimates of capital flight due to price underinvoicing are calculated. The sample lower bound of the hard currency "loss" due to the existence of a dual exchange rate regime is US$ 13.9 billion, sufficient to repurchase a large portion of the Brazilian external debt at today's market value.
Política Monetária Ótima no Combate à Inflação
Authors: Barbosa Fernando de Holanda
Published: July 2016

This paper establishes an optimal monetary policy to combat inflation in an economy wherein the inflationary phenomenon contains an inertial component. The formulation of the problem leads to an application of the optimal control theory in which the state variable are the output gap and the rate of inflation, and the control variable is the growth rate of the money supply. The optimal monetary policy developed in the paper requires that at the outset of the stabilization program the monetary supply be diminished and that subsequently the rate of monetary growth be gradually reduced in the course of time.
The Effect of Overlapping Aggregation on Time Series Models: An Application to the Unemployment Rate in Brazil
Authors: Hotta Luiz K. , Morettin Pedro A. , Pereira Pedro L. Valls
Published: July 2016

The unemployment rate of SEADE/DIEESE, Brazil, is reported as a weighted average of the last three months. If xt denotes the original series observed at a certain time interval, the published series, yt, is roughly constructed as a weighted average of the last observations, i.e., (...) for (...), ... with the restrictions that (...) and (...) for every i and t. This problem is a special case of the overlapping aggregation or the use of moving-average filters in time serie models. This paper studies the effect of using moving-average filters in time series models, assuming that the original series could be characterized by an ARIMA process. It is also studied the effect of this kind of aggregation on identification, estimation, prediction and on the seasonal and trend components of time series models as well as detecting turning points and on the dynamic relationship between variables.
Resenha do Livro: "Long-Run Economic Relationships: Readings in Cointegration" de Robert F. Engle e Clive W. J. Granger
Authors: Issler João Victor
Published: July 2016

O objetivo desta seção é introduzir o conceito de co-integração de uma forma intuitiva para os leitores não-familiarizados com os mais recentes avanços na literatura em séries temporais. Busca-se também integrar este conceito com várias questões relevantes em análise de regressão em séries temporais. O leitor familiarizado com esse material pode iniciar a leitura na seção seguinte.
Déficit Público, a Sustentabilidade do Crescimento das Dívidas Interna e Externa, Senhoriagem e Inflação: Uma Análise do Regime Monetário Brasileiro.
Authors: Pastore Affonso Celso
Published: July 2016

Any attempt to examine the correlation between government deficit and inflation in Brazil must take into consideration Sargent and Wallace's statement to the effect that monetary policy alone cannot prevent the inflationary impact of a persistently expansionist fiscal policy. When primary deficits persist and the real interest rate exceeds the rate of economic growth, the inter-temporal government budget restriction is violated and the more expectation that money supply will grow may drive up current inflation rates. This paper checks these two assumptions through the unit root and cointegration tests. No evidence was found to indicate that budget restriction has been violated or that the rates of inflation fail to cointegrate with money supply expansion rates. The findings, however, do not point to any evidence of fiscal discipline. The Brazilian monetary system produces a strongly passive monetary behavior because the Central Bank generally operates by setting either a fixed interest rate in real terms or a fixed real exchange rate. A passive monetary policy turns seigniorage into an endogenous factor. At the same time, it boosts the growth of money supply whenever the self-fulfilling prophecies that inftation will grow indeed cause it to climb. This paper explores in detail some feature and consequences of monetary and exchange practices between 1991 and 1995 underlying that outcome.
Convergência Entre a Renda Per-Capita dos Estados Brasileiros
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Cavalcanti Gomes , Jr. Roberto de Goes Ellery
Published: July 2016

This paper aims to investigate if per capita income of the Brazilian states are converging, so that inequality among them are declining, and also to estimate the speed of convergence. The methodology follows Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1992b). Our estimates confirm the hypothesis of convergence for the Brazilian states, either using the concept of B convergence (the existence of an inverse relationship between initial per capíta income and growth rate) or o convergence (the decline over time of the dispersion of per capita income). However, the speed of convergence estimated is considerably smaller than estimates for the U.S. states and European regions.
Estimating and Forecasting the Volatility of Brazilian Finance Series Using ARCH Models
Authors: Issler João Victor
Published: July 2016

The goal of this paper is to present a comprehensive emprical analysis of the return and conditional variance of four Brazilian financial series using models of the ARCH class. Selected models are then compared regarding forecasting accuracy and goodness-of-fit statistics. To help understanding the empirical results, a self-contained theoretical discussion of ARCH models is also presented in such a way that it is useful for the applied researcher. Empirical results show that although all series share ARCH and are leptokurtic relative to the Normal, the return on the US$ has clearly regime switchlng and no asymmetry for the variance, the return on COCOA has no asymmetry, while the returns on the Cbond and Telebras have clear signs of asymmetry favoring the leverage effect. Regarding forecasting, the best model overall was the EGARCH(l,l) in its Gaussian version. Regarding goodness-of-fit statistics, the SWARCH model did well, followed closely by the Student-t GARCH(l,l).
Lévy processes and the Brazilian market
Authors: Barbachan José Fajardo , Schuschny Andrés Ricardo , Silva André de Castro
Published: July 2016

The present paper presents the Lévy processes used in the literature for the modeling of the returns of financial assets, which are generated by stable Paretian and hyperbolic distributions. Some properties of these distributions, especially the time-scale invariance, are analyzed. In the end, empirical evidence of the applicability of these processes is given for the modeling of Brazilian asset returns through Ibovespa, and the Telebrás and Petrobrás receipt. The data were collected between January 1st, 1995 and December 31st, 1998 (Gl) and January 1st, 1996 and December 31st, 1997 (G2).
Competição monopolística e suas relações com competição perfeita
Authors: Werlang Sergio Ribeiro da Costa
Published: July 2016

This article discusses the properties of monopolistic competitive economies with many economic agents. In the context of general equilibrium, the idea of inverse correspondence of generalized demand is treated, as is the mechanism for multiplying economies. Two central problems are presented: (1) is it possible that when an economy "grows" I it approaches a perfectly competitive economy; (2) is it true that perfectly competitive equilibria can be as closely approximated as we wish by monopclisticly competitive ones? Finally, the problem of fixed costs in discussed.
A decomposição do índice de Hirschman-Herfindahl
Authors: Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: July 2016

Firstly, a relation between the coeficient of variation and the Hirschman-Herfindahl index of concentration of an industry is deduced. Then, assuming that the firms in the industry are distributed in K groups, it is shown that the Hirschman-Herfindahl index is a function of the concentration among groups and the concentration within groups. The Hirschman-Herfindahl indexes for concentration among groups and within groups are defined so that the decomposition of the measure of concentration of the whole industry is coherent with the corresponding decomposition of the population variance.
Relative price of nontraded goods, commercial policy and cycles in brazil
Authors: Musalem Alberto Roque
Published: July 2016

This paper develops a reduced form equation for the real exchange rate, or the relative price of nontraded to traded goods. It uses a three sector model: one nontraded, services, and two traded commodities, agriculture and industry. It assumes equilibrium in the nontraded market, and takes into account both the trend in the economy as well as its cycles. The estimates are very suggestives. They allow understanding of the degree of substitution between sectors, as well as to test for temporary effects on the real exchange rate due to disequilibrium between income and absorption.
Em memória de Joan Robinson: a grande dama da economia
Authors: Teixeira Joanílio Rodolpho
Published: July 2016

In this note the author remember his meetings with Joan Robinson, remind us of her death and comments on the influence of this great lady on the Modern Economic Theory.