bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vedolizumab is superior to infliximab in biologic naïve patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Sablich Renato , Urbano Maria Teresa , Scarpa Marco , Scognamiglio Federico , Paviotti Alberto , Savarino Edoardo
Published: February 2023

There are no prospective, head-to-head, controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of Infliximab (IFX) and Vedolizumab (VDZ) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), while only a few real-life retrospective studies have been published so far. We assessed the efficacy of IFX vs. VDZ in two cohorts of biologic-naïve outpatients with moderate-to-severe UC or mild, but refractory, disease. Data were extracted from patients’ files and reviewed. The duration of follow-up (FU) was 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the clinical remission (CR) at the end of FU. Secondary endpoints were: drug persistency, time to obtain CR, clinical response at the end of the induction phase (IP), steroid-free CR (compared to patients who used steroids at baseline) at the end of FU, need for drug optimization, adverse events (AEs), and normalization of C-reactive protein (CRP). We also analyzed the causes of dropping out (primary non-response), or secondary loss of response (immunogenic or not), for each group. We enrolled 82 patients (50 IFX and 32 VDZ) who met the inclusion criteria. At the end of FU, CR was obtained in 32% of the patients on IFX and 75% on VDZ (p = 0.0003). Drug persistency was superior for VDZ compared to IFX (78% vs. 52%, p = 0.033). Clinical response at the end of induction was reached in 54% and in 81% in the IFX and VDZ group, respectively (p = 0.014). Steroid-free clinical remission at the end of FU was 62% and 94% in the IFX vs. VDZ group, respectively (p = 0.036). The need for drug optimization was higher for VDZ than for IFX (28% vs. 57%, p = 0.009), while the time to obtain CR, the incidence of AEs, mean duration of FU, and rate of CRP normalization at the end of IP were comparable between the two groups. There was a prevalence of patients dropping out because of primary non-response in IFX group (p = 0.027), while the incidence of secondary loss of response was similar in the two groups. At the multivariate analysis, CRP and Partial Mayo Score (PMS) at T0 did not correlate with CR at the end of FU in both groups. In this retrospective, real world data study in biologic-naïve patients, VDZ was superior to IFX in CR, clinical response rate at the end of IP, drug persistency, steroid-free remission, and need for optimization at the end of FU.
The effect of obesity on chronic diseases in USA: a flexible copula approach
Authors: Dettoni Robinson , Bahamondes Cliff , Yevenes Carlos , Cespedes Cristian , Espinosa Javier
Published: February 2023

We analyze the effect of obesity on the incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes in USA using a health production theoretical framework along with a bivariate flexible semi-parametric recursive copula model that account for endogeneity. In this approach, the effects of control variables are flexibly determined using additive predictors that allow for a variety of effects. Our findings suggest that there exist a positive and significant effect of obesity on the prevalence of all chronic diseases examined. In particular, after endogeneity is accounted for, the probability of having hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes for obese individuals are, respectively, 35%, 28% and 11% higher than those under the obesity threshold. These findings suggest that lowering obesity rates could lead to significant reductions in the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases.
Peristaltic transport of Rabinowitsch nanofluid with moving microorganisms
Authors: Moatimid Galal M. , Mohamed Mona A. A. , Elagamy Khaled
Published: February 2023

The key objective of the current examination is to examine a symmetrically peristaltic movement of microorganisms in a Rabinowitsch fluid (RF). The Boussinesq approximation, buoyancy-driven flow, where the density with gravity force term is taken as a linear function of heat and concentrations, is kept in mind. The flow moves with thermophoretic particle deposition in a horizontal tube with peristalsis. The heat distribution and volume concentration are revealed by temperature radiation and chemical reaction characteristics. The originality of the existing study arises from the importance of realizing the benefits or the threats that nanoparticles, microbes, and bacteria cause in the flow inside peristaltic tubes. The results are an attempt to understand what factors perform additional advantages and or reduce damages. The controlling nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are made simpler by employing the long wavelength (LWL) and low-Reynolds numeral (LRN) approximations. These equations are subjected to a set of non-dimensional transformations that result in a collection of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By employing the Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), the configuration of equational analytical solutions is examined. Analytical and graphical descriptions are provided for the distributions of axial speed, heat, microbes, and nanoparticles under the influence of these physical characteristics. The important findings of the current work may help to comprehend the properties of several variations in numerous biological situations. It is found that the microorganisms condensation decays with the rise of all the operational parameters. This means that the development of all these factors benefits in shrinking the existence of harmful microbes, viruses, and bacteria in the human body’s peristaltic tubes, especially in the digestive system, and large and small intestines.
Disease severity classification using passively collected smartphone-based keystroke dynamics within multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hoeijmakers Aleide , Licitra Giovanni , Meijer Kim , Lam Ka-Hoo , Molenaar Pam , Strijbis Eva , Killestein Joep
Published: February 2023

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterised by a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. The level of disability of people with MS (pwMS) is based on a wide range of clinical measures, though their frequency of evaluation and inaccuracies coming from objective and self-reported evaluations limits these assessments. Alternatively, remote health monitoring through devices can offer a cost-efficient solution to gather more reliable, objective measures continuously. Measuring smartphone keyboard interactions is a promising tool since typing and, thus, keystroke dynamics are likely influenced by symptoms that pwMS can experience. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate whether keyboard interactions gathered on a person’s smartphone can provide insight into the clinical status of pwMS leveraging machine learning techniques. In total, 24 Healthy Controls (HC) and 102 pwMS were followed for one year. Next to continuous data generated via smartphone interactions, clinical outcome measures were collected and used as targets to train four independent multivariate binary classification pipelines in discerning pwMS versus HC and estimating the level of disease severity, manual dexterity and cognitive capabilities. The final models yielded an AUC-ROC in the hold-out set above 0.7, with the highest performance obtained in estimating the level of fine motor skills (AUC-ROC=0.753). These findings show that keyboard interactions combined with machine learning techniques can be used as an unobtrusive monitoring tool to estimate various levels of clinical disability in pwMS from daily activities and with a high frequency of sampling without increasing patient burden.
A multinational empirical study of perceived cyber barriers to automated vehicles deployment
Authors: Khan Shah Khalid , Shiwakoti Nirajan , Stasinopoulos Peter , Warren Matthew
Published: February 2023

The digital transformation of Automated Vehicles (AVs) has raised concerns in the cyber realm among prospective AV consumers. However, there is a dearth of empirical research on how cyber obstacles may impact the operation of AVs. To address this knowledge gap, this study examines the six critical cyber impediments (data privacy, AV connectivity, ITS infrastructure, lack of cybersecurity regulations, AV cybersecurity understanding, and AV cyber-insurance) that influence the deployment of AVs. The impact of gender, age, income level, and individual AV and cybersecurity knowledge on these obstacles are statistically assessed using a sample of 2061 adults from the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. The research revealed intriguing empirical findings on all cyber barriers in the form of a trichotomy: participants' education level, understanding of AVs, and cybersecurity knowledge. As education levels increase, the significance of a cyber barrier to AV deployment decreases; however, as AV comprehension and cybersecurity knowledge increase, the perception of a cyber barrier becomes significantly more important. In addition, the study demonstrates differences in perceptions of cyber barriers and AV deployments based on gender, age, income, and geographic location. This study's findings on cyber barriers and AV deployment have implications for academia and industry.
Comparison of the combined use of CNV-seq and karyotyping or QF-PCR in prenatal diagnosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhang Hao , Xu Zhihong , Chen Quan , Chen Huijuan , Ding Xiaoli , Liu Lin , Xiao Yuanyuan
Published: February 2023

To elevate the accuracy of diagnostic results, CNV-seq is usually performed simultaneously with karyotyping or QF-PCR. Although several studies have investigated the performance of the combined use of CNV-seq with karyotyping or QF-PCR, there have been no reports focusing on the comparison of these 2 diagnostic strategies. In our study, 2507 pregnant women were included to investigate these 2 strategies. The detection rates of foetal genetic abnormalities and turnaround time were compared between these 2 groups. Moreover, the detection rates of foetal genetic abnormalities in different indications were analyzed. Our results unveiled that the detection rates of numerical chromosomal abnormalities were nearly the same in these 2 groups. In addition to numerical chromosomal abnormalities, 39 balanced karyotypic changes and chromosome polymorphisms were detected via the combined use of karyotyping and CNV-seq. Further investigation revealed that the vast majority of these karyotypic changes were inherited from parents. Compared with the karyotyping group, the combination of QF-PCR and CNV-seq reduced the reporting time from 31.593 ± 4.944 days to 11.460 ± 4.894 days. Meanwhile, NIPT, maternal serum screening and ultrasound scan significantly improved the detection of foetal genetic abnormalities. In conclusion, our results revealed that parental karyotyping is a useful supplementary method for CNV-seq and systematic prenatal examinations improved the detection of foetal genetic defects.
Detection of Babesia bovis using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with improved thermostability, sensitivity and alternative visualization methods
Authors: Arnuphapprasert Apinya , Nugraheni Yudhi Ratna , Aung Aung , Asada Masahito , Kaewthamasorn Morakot
Published: February 2023

Bovine babesiosis is one of the most economically important tick-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical countries. A conventional microscopic diagnosis is typically used because it is inexpensive and expeditious. However, it is highly dependent on well-trained microscopists and tends to be incapable of detecting subpatent and chronic infections. Here, we developed a novel nucleic acid-based amplification method using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in conjunction with a colori-fluorometric dual indicator for the rapid and accurate detection of Babesia bovis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. We aimed to improve the thermostability, sensitivity, specificity, and alternative visualization of LAMP-based methods. We assessed its diagnostic performance compared to two conventional PCR agarose gel electrophoresis (PCR-AGE) methods. The thermostability of LAMP reaction mixtures and DNA templates in variable conditions was also assessed. In addition, we evaluated alternative visualization methods using different light sources including neon, LED, and UV lights. We found that the LAMP-neon was ten times more sensitive than the PCR-AGE, while the LAMP-LED and LAMP-UV were 1,000 times more sensitive. The current LAMP method showed no cross-amplification with uninfected cattle DNA or other common blood parasites in cattle, including Babesia bigemina, Theileria orientalis, Anaplasma marginale, and Trypanosoma evansi. In addition, the developed LAMP method has good thermostability and the potential for on-site utility as B. bovis DNA could still be detected up to 72 h after initial preparation. Our findings suggested that the developed LAMP method provides an alternative approach for B. bovis detection with sensitivity higher than PCR-AGE diagnostics, high specificity, and the flexibility to use neon, LED, and UV light sources for positive signal observations.
Accuracy and feasibility of a novel fine hand motor skill assessment using computer vision object tracking
Authors: Kim Bokkyu , Neville Christopher
Published: February 2023

We developed a computer vision-based three-dimension (3D) motion capture system employing two action cameras to examine fine hand motor skill by tracking an object manipulated by a hand. This study aimed to examine the accuracy and feasibility of this approach for detecting changes in a fine hand motor skill. We conducted three distinct experiments to assess the system's accuracy and feasibility. We employed two high-resolution, high-frame-rate action cameras. We evaluated the accuracy of our system in calculating the 3D locations of moving object in various directions. We also examined the system's feasibility in identifying improvement in fine hand motor skill after practice in eleven non-disabled young adults. We utilized color-based object detection and tracking to estimate the object's 3D location, and then we computed the object's kinematics, representing the endpoint goal-directed arm reaching movement. Compared to ground truth measurements, the findings demonstrated that our system can adequately estimate the 3D locations of a moving object. We also showed that the system can be used to measure the endpoint kinematics of goal-directed arm reaching movements to detect changes in fine hand motor skill after practice. Future research is needed to confirm the system's reliability and validity in assessing fine hand motor skills in patient populations.
Lack of GPR180 ameliorates hepatic lipid depot via downregulation of mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Yokota Kazuha , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Tsuda Hidetoshi , Matsumoto Ayumi , Mizukami Hiroaki , Iwamoto Sadahiko
Published: February 2023

Our previous genome-wide association study to explore genetic loci associated with lean nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Japan suggested four candidate loci, which were mapped to chr6, chr7, chr12 and chr13. The present study aimed to identify the locus involved functionally in NAFLD around the association signal observed in chr13. Chromosome conformation capture assay and a database survey suggested the intermolecular interaction among DNA fragments in association signals with the adjacent four coding gene promoters. The four genes were further screened by knockdown (KD) in mice using shRNA delivered by an adeno-associated virus vector (AAV8), and KD of G protein-coupled receptor 180 (Gpr180) showed amelioration of hepatic lipid storage. Gpr180 knockout (KO) mice also showed ameliorated hepatic and plasma lipid levels without influencing glucose metabolism after high-fat diet intake. Transcriptome analyses showed downregulation of mTORC1 signaling and cholesterol homeostasis, which was confirmed by weakened phosphorylation of mTOR and decreased activated SREBP1 in Gpr180KO mice and a human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). AAV8-mediated hepatic rescue of GPR180 expression in KO mice showed recovery of plasma and hepatic lipid levels. In conclusion, ablation of GPR180 ameliorated plasma and hepatic lipid levels, which was mediated by downregulation of mTORC1 signaling.
Structural basis underlying the synergism of NADase and SLO during group A Streptococcus infection
Authors: Tsai Wei-Jiun , Lai Yi-Hsin , Shi Yong-An , Hammel Michal , Duff Anthony P. , Whitten Andrew E. , Wilde Karyn L. , Wu Chun-Ming , Knott Robert , Jeng U-Ser , Kang Chia-Yu , Hsu Chih-Yu , Wu Jian-Li , Tsai Pei-Jane , Chiang-Ni Chuan , Wu Jiunn-Jong , Lin Yee-Shin , Liu Ching-Chuan , Senda Toshiya , Wang Shuying
Published: February 2023

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a strict human pathogen possessing a unique pathogenic trait that utilizes the cooperative activity of NAD+-glycohydrolase (NADase) and Streptolysin O (SLO) to enhance its virulence. How NADase interacts with SLO to synergistically promote GAS cytotoxicity and intracellular survival is a long-standing question. Here, the structure and dynamic nature of the NADase/SLO complex are elucidated by X-ray crystallography and small-angle scattering, illustrating atomic details of the complex interface and functionally relevant conformations. Structure-guided studies reveal a salt-bridge interaction between NADase and SLO is important to cytotoxicity and resistance to phagocytic killing during GAS infection. Furthermore, the biological significance of the NADase/SLO complex in GAS virulence is demonstrated in a murine infection model. Overall, this work delivers the structure-functional relationship of the NADase/SLO complex and pinpoints the key interacting residues that are central to the coordinated actions of NADase and SLO in the pathogenesis of GAS infection.
Extracellular vesicle-derived circCEBPZOS attenuates postmyocardial infarction remodeling by promoting angiogenesis via the miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 axis
Authors: Yu Ling , Liang Yubin , Zhang Minzhou , Yang Phillip C. , Hinek Aleksander , Mao Shuai
Published: February 2023

Emerging studies indicate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their inner circular RNAs (circRNAs), play key roles in the gene regulatory network and cardiovascular repair. However, our understanding of EV-derived circRNAs in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains limited. Here we show that the level of circCEBPZOS is downregulated in serum EVs of patients with the adverse cardiac remodeling compared with those without post-MI remodeling or normal subjects. Loss-of-function approaches in vitro establish that circCEBPZOS robustly promote angiogenesis. Overexpression of circCEBPZOS in mice attenuates MI-induced left ventricular dysfunction, accompanied by a larger functional capillary network at the border zone. Further exploration of the downstream target gene indicates that circCEBPZOS acts as a competing endogenous RNA by directly binding to miR-1178-3p and thereby inducing transcription of its target gene phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDPK1). Together, our results reveal that circCEBPZOS attenuates detrimental post-MI remodeling via the miR-1178-3p/PDPK1 axis, which facilitates revascularization, ultimately improving the cardiac function.
Multivariate functional neuroimaging analyses reveal that strength-dependent face expectations are represented in higher-level face-identity areas
Authors: Blank Helen , Alink Arjen , Büchel Christian
Published: February 2023

Perception is an active inference in which prior expectations are combined with sensory input. It is still unclear how the strength of prior expectations is represented in the human brain. The strength, or precision, of a prior could be represented with its content, potentially in higher-level sensory areas. We used multivariate analyses of functional resonance imaging data to test whether expectation strength is represented together with the expected face in high-level face-sensitive regions. Participants were trained to associate images of scenes with subsequently presented images of different faces. Each scene predicted three faces, each with either low, intermediate, or high probability. We found that anticipation enhances the similarity of response patterns in the face-sensitive anterior temporal lobe to response patterns specifically associated with the image of the expected face. In contrast, during face presentation, activity increased for unexpected faces in a typical prediction error network, containing areas such as the caudate and the insula. Our findings show that strength-dependent face expectations are represented in higher-level face-identity areas, supporting hierarchical theories of predictive processing according to which higher-level sensory regions represent weighted priors.
RNA helicase DDX3X modulates herpes simplex virus 1 nuclear egress
Authors: Khadivjam Bita , Bonneil Éric , Thibault Pierre , Lippé Roger
Published: February 2023

DDX3X is a mammalian RNA helicase that regulates RNA metabolism, cancers, innate immunity and several RNA viruses. We discovered that herpes simplex virus 1, a nuclear DNA replicating virus, redirects DDX3X to the nuclear envelope where it surprisingly modulates the exit of newly assembled viral particles. DDX3X depletion also leads to an accumulation of virions in intranuclear herniations. Mechanistically, we show that DDX3X physically and functionally interacts with the virally encoded nuclear egress complex at the inner nuclear membrane. DDX3X also binds to and stimulates the incorporation in mature particles of pUs3, a herpes kinase that promotes viral nuclear release across the outer nuclear membrane. Overall, the data highlights two unexpected roles for an RNA helicase during the passage of herpes simplex viral particles through the nuclear envelope. This reveals a highly complex interaction between DDX3X and viruses and provides new opportunities to target viral propagation.
Animal Genetics for Chemists
Authors: Wilkins Ralph G
Published: February 2023

Accounts are appearing on some facet of genetics in nearly every issue of scientific magazines and often in the daily newspapers. This book sets out to cover the fundamentals of the subject without the details in a much larger genetics text in order to provide background reading for those not studying the subject. It features humans (a lot), other mammals (a good deal) and occasionally other animals to illustrate principles. Although many of the important concepts were established with prokaryotes and plants, the text is confined to animals in order to keep the book a manageable size and since now many of the concepts can be explained using the animal kingdom.

Supported with numerous figures and short vignettes, often from current areas of research such as tackling cystic fibrosis with gene directed drugs, genetic analysis of Richard III remains or reconstructing woolly mammoth haemoglobin, the reader will be entertained as they gain knowledge about this important area without going too deeply into the subject. Written in an appealing style, it will be useful to a wide audience from chemists, pharmacists and healthcare professionals.
Molecules of Murder: Criminal Molecules and Classic Cases
Authors: Emsley John , Emsley John , Hargreaves Anthony E , Emsley John
Published: February 2023

Molecules of Murder is about infamous murderers and famous victims; about people like Harold Shipman, Alexander Litvinenko, Adelaide Bartlett, and Georgi Markov. Few books on poisons analyse these crimes from the viewpoint of the poison itself, doing so throws a new light on how the murders or attempted murders were carried out and ultimately how the perpetrators were uncovered and brought to justice. Part I includes molecules which occur naturally and were originally used by doctors before becoming notorious as murder weapons. Part II deals with unnatural molecules, mainly man-made, and they too have been dangerously misused in famous crimes. The book ends with the most famous poisoning case in recent years, that of Alexander Litvinenko and his death from polonium chloride. The first half of each chapter starts by looking at the target molecule itself, its discovery, its history, its chemistry, its use in medicine, its toxicology, and its effects on the human body. The second half then investigates a famous murder case and reveals the modus operandi of the poisoner and how some were caught, some are still at large, and some literally got away with murder. Molecules of Murder will explain how forensic chemists have developed cunning ways to detect minute traces of dangerous substances, and explain why some of these poisons, which appear so life-threatening, are now being researched as possible life-savers. Award winning science writer John Emsley has assembled another group of true crime and chemistry stories to rival those of his highly acclaimed Elements of Murder.
The Chemistry of Money
Authors: Rohrig Brian
Published: February 2023

Did you know that some societies once used giant rocks for money? Why do some coins have holes in them? Will plastic soon replace paper currency?

The history of money closely parallels the history of chemistry, with advances in material science leading to advances in our physical currency. From the earliest examples of money, through the rise of coins, paper, plastic and beyond, with excursions into corrosion and counterfeiting along the way, this book provides a chemist’s eye view into the history of the cash in our pockets.

Written in an accessible style that will appeal to the layperson and scientist alike, The Chemistry of Money will be sure to both enlighten and entertain. You will never look at money the same way again!
The Rhubarb Connection and Other Revelations: The Everyday World of Metal Ions
Authors: Öhrström Lars , Covès Jacques , Burks Raychelle
Published: February 2023

Pink warships that vanish at dusk, urinary maladies of an emperor, and a gold test for cocaine – behold the chemistry of metal ions as never before.

In this book you will learn about the sarcophagus molecule, the Chen-Kao test, and how murderers can be caught blue-handed with the wonders of glowing luminol. You will also meet the hidden chemistry of metal ions in everyday life, from the clever modern devices that measure blood-sugar levels, to the leather on your shoes and chewing gum stuck to their soles.

Expect to encounter a fair share of heroes and villains, real and fictional, scientist and layperson. Such characters include an ex-MI5 employee running a hospital ward in London amid falling German V1 rockets, a notorious racing cyclist, a proud butler and the lady who first proposed nuclear fission (it’s not who you think it is).

With engaging, humorous and intelligent prose, the reader will discover the fascinating back-stories of chemical discoveries and inventions where metal ions have played a major role.

Featuring a foreword by popular science communicator Dr Raychelle Burks of St. Edward's University, Texas.
Introduction to Glass Science and Technology
Authors: Shelby James E
Published: February 2023

Presenting the fundamental topics in glass science and technology, this concise introduction includes glass formation, crystallization, and phase separation. Glass structure models, with emphasis on the oxygen balance method, are presented in detail. Several chapters discuss the viscosity, density, thermal expansion, and mechanical properties of glasses as well as their optical and magnetic behavior and the diffusion of ions, atoms, and molecules and their effect on electrical conductivity, chemical durability, and other related behavior. In addition to the effects of atomic structure on the properties of glasses, the effects of phase separation, crystallization, and water content, which are neglected in most texts, are discussed extensively. Glass technology is addressed in chapters dealing with the raw materials for producing glasses, batch calculations, and the melting and fining processes. The compositions, properties, and production of commercial glasses are also presented. A chapter is devoted to the use of thermal analysis in the study of glasses, including their crystallization behavior. This expanded, third edition, includes new chapters on doped vitreous silica and the, often overlooked, role of halides on glass formation and properties. In addition, solutions to all of the exercises at the ends of chapters are included for the first time in this edition.

This introductory text is ideal for undergraduates in materials science, ceramics, or inorganic chemistry. It will also be useful to the graduate student, engineer, or scientist seeking basic knowledge of the formation, properties, and production of glass in support of their work.
Place & Play SERS: sample collection and preparation-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kitahama Yasutaka , Pancorbo Pablo Martinez , Segawa Hiroki , Marumi Machiko , Xiao Ting-Hui , Hiramatsu Kotaro , Yang William , Goda Keisuke
Published: February 2023

We have fabricated a flexible, adhesive gold/polyvinylalcohol nanomesh substrate for use in SERS. This substrate allows for the acquisition of SERS spectra through the simple application of the gold nanomesh onto samples.
Effects of excess Te on the optical and electrical properties of Cd1−xMgxTe single crystals grown by the modified vertical Bridgman method
Authors: Gao Pandeng , Yu Pengfei , Yang Guizhi , Han Zhao , Xiao Sanxiong , Rao Tianjing , Fu Haijia , Luan Lijun
Published: February 2023

Diagram of crystal growth process for Cd0.95Mg0.05Te ingots. Three large Cd0.95Mg0.05Te ingots with diameter of 30 mm and length of more than 100 mm are successfully grown by the modified vertical Bridgman method under different excess Te conditions.
A perspective on two pathways of photocatalytic water splitting and their practical application systems
Authors: Ma Yiwen , Lin Lihua , Takata Tsuyoshi , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari
Published: February 2023

This perspective presents the state-of-the-art of photocatalytic overall water splitting and the challenges toward large-scale applications.
Directing the research agenda on water and energy technologies with process and economic analysis
Authors: Lee Boreum , Wang Li , Wang Zhangxin , Cooper Nathanial J. , Elimelech Menachem
Published: February 2023

Early-stage evaluation of emerging technologies for water and energy through coupled process modeling and techno-economic analysis is key in assessing potential feasibility, providing the opportunity to target the most impactful technologies.
Ecotoxicity of isosorbide acrylate and methacrylate monomers and corresponding polymers
Authors: Ismagilova Alina , Matt Livia , Jannasch Patric , Kisand Veljo , Vares Lauri
Published: February 2023

Environmental impact of isosorbide-based monomers and polymers have been evaluated towards bacteria, plants and invertebrates. Isosorbide acrylates show toxicity towards higher organisms while other tested mono- and polymeric compounds are harmless.
Amenamevir by Ugi-4CR
Authors: Li Xin , Zarganes-Tzitzikas Tryfon , Kurpiewska Katarzyna , Dömling Alexander
Published: February 2023

We report a concise, convenient and sustainable multicomponent reaction synthesis of the approved anti-herpes zoster drug, Amenamevir.
TD-DFT study of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism and photophysical properties in coumarin–benzothiazole derivatives: substitution and solvent effects
Authors: Roohi Hossein , Pouryahya Tahereh
Published: February 2023

The photo-switching mechanism in the coumarin–benzothiazole dyes (BT–Cou–R1–8; R1–8= H, NH2, OH, OCH3, CH3, CF3, CN and NO2) with potential application in drug delivery was investigated at the TD-PBE0/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in the gas phase and three solvent media.
Continuous biodiesel production from acidic oil using a combination of acidic and alkaline composite catalytic membranes in flow-through membrane reactors
Authors: Luo Qingliang , Wang Kangkang , Yang Yi , Tian Xin , Wang Rongwu , He Benqiao
Published: February 2023

A comprehensive process of esterification for online separation transesterification for biodiesel production, with a yield of up to 97.52%.
Tuning the carrier injection barrier of hybrid metal–organic interfaces on rare earth-gold surface compounds
Authors: Castrillo-Bodero R. , Blanco-Rey M. , Ali K. , Ortega J. E. , Schiller F. , Fernández L.
Published: February 2023

Adjustment of the HOMO binding energy in a hybrid metal–organic interface due to rare-earth valence selection in rare earth-gold substrates.
Manipulating the surface states of BiVO4through electrochemical reduction for enhanced PEC water oxidation
Authors: Yang Peixin , Shi Huihui , Wu Hangfei , Yu Duohuan , Huang Lu , Wu Yali , Gong Xiangnan , Xiao Peng , Zhang Yunhuai
Published: February 2023

Surface states of bismuth vanadate are manipulated by an electrochemical surface engineering strategy to achieve an efficient PEC water oxidation.
Efficient narrowband green OLEDs with TADF sensitizers combining multiple charge-transfer pathways
Authors: Li Deli , Yang Jiaji , Chen Jiting , Peng Xiaomei , Li Wei , Chen Zijian , Qiu Weidong , Yang Guo-Xi , Yang Zhihai , Li Mengke , Jiang Simin , Liu Denghui , Gan Yiyang , Liu Kunkun , Su Shi-Jian
Published: February 2023

Benefitting from the concurrent intramolecular TBCT and TSCT ofortho-linked TADF materials, highkFandkRISCare achieved simultaneously and the devices usingo-DCz-TRZ and BN-DMAc as emitters achieved high EQEs of 20.3% and 24.2%.
Exploration of N-hydroxy benzimidazole catalysts for hydrogen atom transfer reactions
Authors: Wu Zhi-Xian , Xu Xue-Tao , Luan Yu-Xin
Published: February 2023

N-Hydroxy benzimidazoles (NHBIs) have proved to be efficient hydrogen atom abstractors (HAAs), but their further application in catalysis has been rarely explored since the first report.
Cooperative NHC and nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive coupling of nitrobenzyl bromides and cyclic ketiminesviaSET process
Authors: Zeng Wen-Tian , Han Xiao , Huang Gong-Bin , Weng Jiang , Chan Albert S. C. , Lu Gui
Published: February 2023

A synergistic NHC/Ni catalyzed asymmetric reductive coupling of nitrobenzyl bromides with cyclic ketiminesviaSET process was realized.
Molecular basis of ligand selectivity for melatonin receptors
Authors: Cui Wenqiang , Dong Junlin , Wang Shiyu , Vogel Horst , Zou Rongfeng , Yuan Shuguang
Published: February 2023

The sandwich structure in human melatonin receptors was disrupted. In MT1 this opened a gate for the water molecule from the bulk environment to fluctuate into the inner space. In MT2, the sandwich structure was stabilized by MEL during the whole MD simulations.
Prehydrolysis soda pulping of Enset fiber for production of dissolving grade pulp and biogas
Authors: Lemma Hanna Berhanu , Freund Christian , Yimam Abubeker , Steffen Friedrich , Saake Bodo
Published: February 2023

Enset plant residual fibers can be a good candidate for concurrent valorization aimed at dissolving grade pulp and biogas.
Copper(ii) and silver(i) complexes with dimethyl 6-(pyrazine-2-yl)pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate (py-2pz): the influence of the metal ion on the antimicrobial potential of the complex
Authors: Andrejević Tina P. , Aleksic Ivana , Kljun Jakob , Počkaj Marta , Zlatar Matija , Vojnovic Sandra , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Turel Iztok , Djuran Miloš I. , Glišić Biljana Đ.
Published: February 2023

In respect to the copper(ii) complexes with dimethyl 6-(pyrazine-2-yl)pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate, the corresponding silver(i) complexes have demonstrated a significantly higher antimicrobial activity against various fungal and bacterial strains.
A cradle to cradle approach towards remediation of uranium from water using carbonized arecanut husk fiber
Authors: Dhanya V. , Rajesh N.
Published: February 2023

Sustainable materials for remediation of pollutants from water is the need of the hour.
Biomass derived robust Fe4N active sites supported on porous carbons as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for durable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Lu Xiangyu , Yang Peixia , Xu Hao , Xiao Lihui , Liu Lilai , Li Ruopeng , Alekseeva Elena , Zhang Jinqiu , Levin Oleg , An Maozhong
Published: February 2023

Fe4N active sites supported on porous carbons were prepared and exhibit excellent ORR performance. The Zn–air battery shows a peak power density of 182 mW cm−2and a charge–discharge cycle over 1000 h.
High conductivity enabled by concerted Li ion diffusion in Li3Y(Br3Cl3) solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Jeon Taegon , Jung Sung Chul
Published: February 2023

The Li ion diffusion mechanism in Li3Y(Br3Cl3) is the concerted motion of two Li ions moving simultaneously across the Li, Br/Cl, and Y layers, providing a low barrier (0.23 eV) and high conductivity (22.3 mS cm−1).
Melamine sponge templated synthesis of nickel nanoparticles encapsulated in B, N co-doped carbon nanotubes towards the selective electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhang Shengbo , Zhang Xinyuan , Xu Min , Geng Jing , Han Miaomiao , Zhang Haimin
Published: February 2023

Ni nanoparticles encapsulated in B, N co-doped carbon nanotubes were synthesized, as electrocatalyst exhibiting superior H2O2synthesis performance and confirming C atoms adjacent to B and N atoms being the active sites.
Eu-doped (Y0.85−xLa0.15)2O3sesquioxide transparent ceramics for high-spatial-resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Feng Guiqing , Wu Yiheng , Lu Hao , Zhang Rui , Wang Shuaihua , Wu Shaofan
Published: February 2023

(Y0.85−xLa0.15)2O3:xEu transparent ceramics have good sensitivity, low detection limits and excellent spatial resolution (18.0 lp mm−1), presenting great potential for high-resolution X-ray imaging applications.
Highly soluble copper(i) iodide-based hybrid luminescent semiconductors containing molecular and one-dimensional coordinated anionic inorganic motifs
Authors: Hei Xiuze , Teat Simon J. , Li Mingxing , Bonite Megan , Li Jing
Published: February 2023

A series of all-in-one (AIO) type copper halide based luminescent inorganic-organic hybrid semiconductors have been synthesized and characterized. The study offers insights into the structure-property relationships in this material family.
Early stage techno-economic and environmental analysis of aluminium batteries
Authors: Lindahl Niklas , Johansson Patrik
Published: February 2023

Several aluminium battery concepts are evaluated at material, cell and system levels for technical, economic and environmental performance, which enables them to complement lithium-ion batteries in the future.
20-nor-Isopimarane and isopimarane diterpenoids produced by Aspergillus sp. WT03
Authors: Tao Qiaoqiao , Sang Yining , Han Tao , Zhou Hongling , Zhang Peng , Cai Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

Five new uncommon 20-nor-isopimarane diterpenoids featuring a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene and 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one moiety and three related known congeners along with one isopimarane diterpenoid were isolated from Aspergillus sp. WT03.
Synthesis and evaluation of a deltic guanidinium analogue of a cyclic RGD peptide
Authors: Mishiro Kenji , Ueno Takahiro , Wakabayashi Hiroshi , Fukui Masato , Kinuya Seigo , Ogawa Kazuma
Published: February 2023

The biological properties of deltic guanidinium derivatives such as target affinity, biodistribution, and metabolic stability have been studied for the first time, and the result suggested that deltic guanidinium could be a unique bioisostere of guanidinium.
Neural Mechanisms of the Acceptable Noise Level
Authors: Miller Sharon E. , Anderson Chelsea , Montou Olivia , Lam Boji P. W. , Schafer Erin
Published: February 2023

Purpose:

The present brain–behavior study examined whether sensory registration or neural inhibition processes explained variability in the behavioral most comfortable level (MCL) and background noise level (BNL) components of the acceptable noise level (ANL) measure.

Method:

A traditional auditory gating paradigm was used to evoke neural responses to pairs of pure-tone stimuli in 32 adult listeners with normal hearing. Relationships between behavioral ANL, MCL, and BNL components and cortical responses to each of the paired stimuli were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression analyses.

Results:

Neural responses elicited by Stimulus 2 in the gating paradigm significantly predicted the computed ANL response. The MCL component was significantly associated with responses elicited by Stimulus 1 of the pair. The BNL component of the ANL was significantly associated with neural responses to both Stimulus 1 and Stimulus 2.

Conclusions:

The results suggest neural processes related to neural inhibition support the ANL and BNL component while neural stimulus registration properties are associated with the MCL a listener chooses. These findings suggest that differential neural mechanisms underlie the separate MCL and BNL components of the ANL response.
A novel cyber‐attack modelling and detection in overcurrent protection relays based on wavelet signature analysis
Authors: Yousefi kia Mohammad , Saniei Mohsen , Seifossadat Seyyed Ghodratollah
Published: February 2023

Cyber attacks can disrupt the digital protection relays and change their output command to the circuit breaker. The aim of this research is to provide new condition monitoring for overcurrent relays during cyber treatments. This research is modeled three common types of attacks with randomize concept and its detection method via MATLAB/SIMULINK software into IEEE 3‐machine 9‐bus model that is applicable in real time situation. Finally a new index has been defined for detection that employs wavelet analysis of the substation currents and its energy which has been called cyber attack detection index (CADI). Proposed index is robust to variation of sampling signal, sampling rate, cyber attack type and current transformer saturation. The results show that the index has an acceptable performance with accuracy of 100% without any false trigger. This method is not dependent on operating point, relay protection scheme and attack type and also could distinguish the abnormal actions of breakers due to unexpected cyber contingencies caused by natural disasters or software malfunctions rather than cyber attacks in a certain operating points. The level of CADI curve in cyber attacks is always higher than symmetrical fault and current signal detects them more quickly and clearly than other signals.
Dynamic open set specific emitter identification via multi‐channel reconstructive discriminant network
Authors: Tan Kaiwen , Yan Wenjun , Zhang Limin , Zhang Yuyuan , Yu Keyuan , Zhang Tingting
Published: February 2023

Specific emitter identification (SEI) is an emerging device authentication technology, which depends on the inherent hardware characteristics of wireless devices. By analysing the received signal, the hardware characteristics of a specific emitter can be extracted at the receiver and used for device authentication and association. Most of the existing SEI schemes focus on the identification under closed sets. In view of the explosive growth of the number of IoT devices, based on generative adversarial networks, this study proposes a method that considers the identification of unknown emitters. The reconstruction network to reconstruct the signals of the known class and fully train the feature space of the signals of the known class is designed. In the discriminator, two channels are specifically designed to perform anomaly detection for unknown signals and end‐to‐end closed‐set classification for known signals. In order to better reject unknown signals and accept known signals, Receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index are used to determine the optimal threshold for anomaly detection. Under the given optimal threshold conditions, the identified threshold points have larger True Positive Rate. In addition, the time‐frequency feature combination vector is designed to reveal the essential characteristics of emitters. The experimental results on the real‐world datasets collected from universal software radio peripherals in short‐range communication scenario show that compared with the existing open‐set recognition methods such as C2AE, Openmax and SoftMax, the average recognition accuracy of the proposed framework improved by 0.08, 0.15, and 0.2 respectively, and the Marco‐F1 score improved by 0.05, 0.1, and 0.16, respectively, which proves the superiority of the proposed framework. In addition to identifying unknown and known Universal software radio peripherals in this article, some potential and widespread applications of the proposed framework include access user security authentication in IoT, such as Hack RF and Blue tooth devices. In addition, as a relatively general signal processing framework, the model can be used for air safety management and maritime ship identity authentication in civil aspects. In the military aspect, it can be used in electronic support and various signal reconnaissance scenarios, such as automatic signal modulation recognition in open set scenarios, individual identity determination of radar emitter and unknown working state identification of transmitters, which proves reference for subsequent research on open‐set signal recognition.
Glancing through the debris disk: Photometric analysis of DE Boo with CHEOPS
Authors: Boldog Á. , Szabó Gy. M. , Kriskovics L. , Brandeker A. , Kiefer F. , Bekkelien A. , Guterman P. , Olofsson G. , Simon A. E. , Gandolfi D. , Serrano L. M. , Wilson T. G. , Sousa S. G. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Anglada G. , Bandy T. , Bárczy T. , Barrado D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck M. , Beck T. , Benz W. , Billot N. , Bonfils X. , Broeg C. , Buder M. , Cabrera J. , Charnoz S. , Collier Cameron A. , Corral van Damme C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Davies M. B. , Deline A. , Deleuil M. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Demory B.-O. , Ehrenreich D. , Erikson A. , Farinato J. , Fortier A. , Fossati L. , Fridlund M. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Heng K. , Hoyer S. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Laskar J. , Lendl M. , Lovis C. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Mecina M. , Nascimbeni V. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Rauer H. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Smith A. M. S. , Steller M. , Thomas N. , Udry S. , Van Grootel V. , Walton N. A.
Published: February 2023

Aims. DE Boo is a unique system, with an edge-on view through the debris disk around the star. The disk, which is analogous to the Kuiper belt in the Solar System, was reported to extend from 74 to 84 AU from the central star. The high photometric precision of the Characterising Exoplanet Satellite (CHEOPS) provided an exceptional opportunity to observe small variations in the light curve due to transiting material in the disk. This is a unique chance to investigate processes in the debris disk.

Methods. Photometric observations of DE Boo of a total of four days were carried out with CHEOPS. Photometric variations due to spots on the stellar surface were subtracted from the light curves by applying a two-spot model and a fourth-order polynomial. The photometric observations were accompanied by spectroscopic measurements with the 1m RCC telescope at Piszkésteto and with the SOPHIE spectrograph in order to refine the astrophysical parameters of DE Boo.

Results. We present a detailed analysis of the photometric observation of DE Boo. We report the presence of nonperiodic transient features in the residual light curves with a transit duration of 0.3–0.8 days. We calculated the maximum distance of the material responsible for these variations to be 2.47 AU from the central star, much closer than most of the mass of the debris disk. Furthermore, we report the first observation of flaring events in this system.

Conclusions. We interpreted the transient features as the result of scattering in an inner debris disk around DE Boo. The processes responsible for these variations were investigated in the context of interactions between planetesimals in the system.