bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of manual therapy and exercise targeting the hips in patients with low‐back pain—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bade Michael , Cobo‐Estevez Manuel , Neeley Darren , Pandya Jeevan , Gunderson Travis , Cook Chad
Published: January 2017

Rationale

The benefits of providing manual therapy and exercise targeting the hips in individuals with mechanical low‐back pain (LBP) are not well established.

Objectives

The objective in this study is to determine whether a formal prescriptive treatment protocol for the hips improves outcomes in patients with a primary complaint of mechanical LBP.

Methods

Eighty‐four (84) subjects (50 males, 46.1 ± 16.2 years) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine only (LBP) (n = 39) or pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine and prescriptive treatment of bilateral hips (LBP + HIP) (n = 45). Pragmatic treatment of the lumbar spine was based upon published clinical guidelines. Prescriptive treatment of the hips involved the use of 3 hip exercises targeting the gluteal musculature and 3 mobilization techniques targeting the hips. Subjects were assessed at baseline, 2 weeks, and at discharge with the following measures: Modified Oswestry Disability Index, Numeric Pain Rating Scale, a global rating of change (GRoC) score, the patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and patient satisfaction.

Results

At 2 weeks, significant differences between groups differences were found in GRoC and patient satisfaction (P < .05) favoring the LBP + HIP group. At discharge, there were significant differences on the Modified Oswestry Disability Index, numeric pain rating scale, GRoC, and patient satisfaction favoring the LBP + HIP group (P < .05). Effect sizes were small to medium.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that a prescriptive treatment of the hips may be of clinical value to individuals presenting with the primary complaint of mechanical LBP.
ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 1236C/T polymorphism significantly affects the therapeutic outcome of tacrolimus in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: Onodera Motoyuki , Endo Katsuya , Kakuta Yoichi , Kuroha Masatake , Kimura Tomoya , Hiramoto Keiichiro , Kanazawa Yoshitake , Negoro Kenichi , Shiga Hisashi , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Shimosegawa Tooru
Published: January 2017

Background and Aim

Tacrolimus is now considered to be one of the main therapeutic options for refractory ulcerative colitis. Both cytochrome P‐450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) associated with tacrolimus metabolism are known to have several genetic polymorphisms. However, it remains controversial whether these polymorphisms affect the therapeutic efficacy for ulcerative colitis. We aimed to investigate the influence of both CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the efficacy of tacrolimus in ulcerative colitis treatment under the tight dose‐adjusting strategy.

Methods

Sixty‐one Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis treated with tacrolimus were enrolled retrospectively. Tacrolimus treatment was performed using the tight dose‐adjusting strategy. Genotyping for CYP3A5*3, ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677G>A,T, and 3435C>T were performed, and the clinical outcomes at 12 weeks after the initiation of tacrolimus were compared among the genotypes.

Results

There was no association between the CYP3A5 genotypes and therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, a significant association was observed with the ABCB1 1236C > T polymorphism and therapeutic efficacy. The ABCB1 1236CC+CT groups (n = 41) had a significantly higher response rate (73% vs 35%; P = 0.004) and remission rate (61% vs 20%; P = 0.002) than the TT group (n = 20). The multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed that ABCB1 1236C>T was identified as an independent factor associated with remission.

Conclusions

ABCB1 1236C>T polymorphism significantly affects the therapeutic efficacy of tarcolimus at 12 weeks under the tight dose‐adjusting treatment for ulcerative colitis.
Celastrol ameliorates Cd‐induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting NOX2‐derived ROS‐dependent PP5‐JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Chong , Wang Xiaoxue , Gu Chenjian , Zhang Hai , Zhang Ruijie , Dong Xiaoqing , Liu Chunxiao , Hu Xiaoyu , Ji Xiang , Huang Shile , Chen Long
Published: January 2017

Celastrol, a plant‐derived triterpene, has neuroprotective benefit in the models of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we have reported that cadmium (Cd) activates c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway leading to neuronal cell death by inducing ROS inactivation of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), and celastrol prevents Cd‐activated JNK pathway against neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that celastrol could hinder Cd induction of ROS‐dependent PP5‐JNK signaling pathway from apoptosis in neuronal cells. Here, we show that celastrol attenuated Cd‐induced expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and its regulatory proteins (p22phox, p40phox, p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1), as well as the generation of ROS in PC12 cells and primary neurons. Also, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a ROS scavenger, potentiated celastrol's inhibition of the events in the cells triggered by Cd, implying neuroprotection by celastrol via blocking Cd‐evoked NOX2‐derived ROS. Further research revealed that celastrol was involved in the regulation of PP5 inactivation and JNK/c‐Jun activation induced by Cd, as celastrol prevented Cd from reducing PP5 expression, and over‐expression of wild‐type PP5 or dominant negative c‐Jun strengthened celastrol's inhibition of Cd‐induced phosphorylation of JNK and/or c‐Jun, as well as apoptosis in neuronal cells. Of importance, inhibiting NOX2 with apocynin or silencing NOX2 by RNA interference enhanced the inhibitory effects of celastrol on Cd‐induced inactivation of PP5, activation of JNK/c‐Jun, ROS, and apoptosis in the cells. Furthermore, we noticed that expression of wild‐type PP5 or dominant negative c‐Jun, or pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 reinforced celastrol's suppression of Cd‐induced NOX2 and its regulatory proteins, and consequential ROS in neuronal cells. These findings indicate that celastrol ameliorates Cd‐induced neuronal apoptosis via targeting NOX2‐derived ROS‐dependent PP5‐JNK signaling pathway. Our data highlight a beneficial role of celastrol in the prevention of Cd‐induced oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.

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Comparing Papanicolaou test results obtained during pregnancy and post‐partum
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiro , Furuhashi Madoka , Kawamura Takuya , Kubo Michiko , Osato Kazuhiro , Yamawaki Takaharu
Published: January 2017

Aim

Cervical cancer onset initially occurs during youth. Papanicolaou tests performed in early pregnancy can detect cervical cancer; however, Papanicolaou tests during pregnancy have been noted to be inaccurate, reflecting changes associated with pregnancy. Therefore, we assessed the effect of pregnancy on Papanicolaou test results.

Methods

Of 1351 pregnant women who delivered at Ise Red Cross Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014, 1213 underwent Papanicolaou tests at early pregnancy and post‐partum. We compared the Papanicolaou test results.

Results

The results of the Papanicolaou test were different in 32 patients. Of the 1191 patients negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy in early pregnancy, 16 had other cytological abnormalities post‐partum. We performed therapeutic conization post‐partum in four patients. The Papanicolaou test results in early pregnancy of the four patients were negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy in one patient, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in one and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in two.

Conclusion

The results of the Papanicolaou test during pregnancy may not be accurate because of the influence of hormones associated with pregnancy. Taking advantage of the one‐month post‐partum screening visit can lead to early detection and treatment of cervical cancer in young people.
Oro‐facial impairment in stroke patients
Authors: Schimmel M. , Ono T. , Lam O. L. T. , Müller F.
Published: January 2017

Stroke is considered one of the leading causes of death and acquired disability with a peak prevalence over the age of 80 years. Stroke may cause debilitating neurological deficiencies that frequently result in sensory deficits, motor impairment, muscular atrophy, cognitive deficits and psychosocial impairment. Oro‐facial impairment may occur due to the frequent involvement of the cranial nerves’ cortical representation areas, central nervous system pathways or motoneuron pools. The aim of this narrative, non‐systematic review was to discuss the implications of stroke on oro‐facial functions and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Stroke patients demonstrate an impaired masticatory performance, possibly due to reduced tongue forces and disturbed oral sensitivity. Furthermore, facial asymmetry is common, but mostly discrete and lip restraining forces are reduced. Bite force is not different between the ipsi‐ and contra‐lesional side. In contrast, the contra‐lesional handgrip strength and tongue–palate contact during swallowing are significantly impaired. OHRQoL is significantly reduced mainly because of the functional impairment. It can be concluded that impaired chewing efficiency, dysphagia, facial asymmetry, reduced lip force and OHRQoL are quantifiable symptoms of oro‐facial impairment following a stroke. In the absence of functional rehabilitation, these symptoms seem not to improve. Furthermore, stroke affects the upper limb and the masseter muscle differently, both, at a functional and a morphological level. The rehabilitation of stroke survivors should, therefore, also seek to improve the strength and co‐ordination of the oro‐facial musculature. This would in turn help improve OHRQoL and the masticatory function, subsequently preventing weight loss and malnutrition.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity with better prognosis
Authors: Gadbail Amol Ramchandra , Chaudhary Minal , Gawande Madhuri , Hande Alka , Sarode Sachin , Tekade Satyajit Ashok , Korde Sheetal , Zade Prajakta , Bhowate Rahul , Borle Rajiv , Patil Swati
Published: January 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC‐OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

A total of 217 cases ofOSCCwere retrieved from achieves for the analysis.OSCC‐OSMFcases were segregated on the basis of history and clinicopathological parameters.

Results

The study included 217 patients of which 112 hadOSCCand 105OSCC‐OSMF.OSCC‐OSMFs were younger compared withOSCC. Overall oral cancer was noted predominantly in males compared to females. The number ofOSCC‐OSMFwas more in clinicalTNMstage I and stageIIas compared toOSCC, whereas the number ofOSCCwas more in stageIIIand stageIVcompared toOSCC‐OSMF. Histological presentation of well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more inOSCC‐OSMFcompared toOSCC, whereas moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more inOSCCcompared toOSCC‐OSMF. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher inOSCCcompared toOSCC‐OSMF. Three‐year disease‐free survival rate was significantly higher inOSCC‐OSMFcompared toOSCC.

Conclusion

TheOSCC‐OSMFwas found to be a clinicopathologically distinct entity with a better grade of tumor differentiation, less incidence of nodal metastases, and early detection (early clinicalTNMstage) compared to OSCC. All these factors probably contribute to a better prognosis and increased 3‐year disease‐free survival in OSCC‐OSMF patients.
Comparison of nutritional and antinutritional traits among different species (Lupinus albus L., Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.) and varieties of lupin seeds
Authors: Musco N. , Cutrignelli M. I. , Calabrò S. , Tudisco R. , Infascelli F. , Grazioli R. , Lo Presti V. , Gresta F. , Chiofalo B.
Published: January 2017

In order to promote the use of lupin in pig nutrition, in this research the nutritional characteristics (i.e. dietary fibre, alkaloid and fatty acid profile) and the in vitro gas production of 12 lupin varieties grown in the Mediterranean basin and belonging to three lupin species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus) were assessed. Four varieties of L. albus (Asfer, Lublanc, Lutteur and Multitalia) were grown in South Campania. Three varieties of L. luteus (Dukat, Mister and Taper), three of L. angustifolius (Jindalee, Sonet and Wonga) and two of L. albus (Rosetta and Luxor) were grown in Eastern Sicily. Lupinus albus varieties showed interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics (i.e. high protein and low fibre content); the lipid fraction, rather elevated, is well represented by monounsaturated fatty acids (544 g/kg), whereas saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are less represented (167 g/kg) and the n‐3/n‐6 ratio (0.510) is the most favourable. Lupinus luteus varieties presented the most remarkable dietetic aspects, in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content (569 g/kg), n‐6 PUFA series (490 g/kg), UFA/SFA (5.24) and PUFA/SFA (3.56) ratios and atherogenic (0.059) and thrombogenic (0.100) indices and very low alkaloid content (1.07 mg per 100 g). Lupinus angustifolius varieties showed the least interesting nutritional and dietetic characteristics: low protein and fat content, high fibre level, high SFA amount (248 g/kg) and the lowest favourable nutritional indices (IA: 0.164 and IT: 0.334). Regarding the fermentation process, in L. albus, the tendency to increase the rate of gas production during the early stages of fermentation suggests that the high presence of alkaloids did not affect the in vitro degradability, production of short‐chain fatty acids and fermentation process, probably due to their concentration and/or water solubility. Lupinus angustifolius and L. luteus showed intermediate and slightly worse in vitro fermentation patterns respectively. From a nutritional and dietetic point of view, lupin may represent an interesting alternative to soya bean in pig feeding.
Influence of dietary rapeseed meal levels on growth performance, organ health and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in meat ducks from 15 to 35 days of age
Authors: Qin S. , Tian G. , Zhang K. , Ding X. , Bai S. , Wang J. , Jia G. , Zeng Q.
Published: January 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) inclusion levels on growth performance, organ health and standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) in meat ducks from 15 to 35 days of age. Six hundred and eighty 15‐days‐old ducks were randomly allotted to five treatments based on body weight. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated on a digestible amino acid basis by replacing 0% (the control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% (based on fresh) of protein from soya bean meal (SBM) with protein from RSM. The corresponding levels of RSM in experimental diets were 0%, 6.66%, 13.32%, 19.98% and 26.64% respectively. With increasing dietary RSM levels, body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) linearly decreased (p < 0.001), whereas feed‐to‐gain ratio (F: G) linearly increased (p = 0.0078). Ducks fed the diets with 13.32% or more RSM had significantly lower (p < 0.05) BW, ADG and ADFI, or higher F: G than ducks fed the control diet. The maximum limit of dietary RSM supplementation was estimated to range from 4.27% to maximize ADG for 15 to 35 days to 11.69% to maintain feed intake for 15 to 35 days on the basis of a broken‐line model. At day35, the 4th primary wing feather length and SIAAD (except for Met, Thr and Val) linearly decreased (p < 0.001), and the thyroid glands weight (% of BW) linearly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary RSM levels. Ducks fed the RSM inclusion diets had significantly lower (p < 0.0001) serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities than ducks fed the control diet. These results suggested that the maximum limit of dietary RSM containing 7.57 μmol/g glucosinolates was estimated to be 4.27% to avoid growth reduction.
The impact of the chromium supplementation on insulin signalling pathway in different tissues and milk yield in dairy cows
Authors: Pantelić M. , Jovanović L. J. , Prodanović R. , Vujanac I. , Đurić M. , Ćulafić T. , Vranješ‐Đurić S. , Korićanac G. , Kirovski D.
Published: January 2017

Thirty days before expected time of parturition, 20 Holstein cows were divided into −Cr and +Cr groups. From day 25 before parturition (BP) up to day 30 after parturition (AP), +Cr cows received 10 mg of Cr (chromium‐enriched yeast) daily. Muscle and adipose tissue samples were taken at days −30, −10, +7 and +10 related to parturition, when body condition score (BCS) was also determined. Hepatic tissue samples were taken at days −10 and +7. Tissue samples were used for determination of the insulin signalling pathway protein expressions. Intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at days −28, −7, +10 and +30. Milk yield was recorded during first 14 weeks AP. Milk composition was obtained at days 7 and 28 AP. At day 10 BP, protein content of β‐subunit of insulin receptor (IRβ) was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) in muscle, and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at serine 307 (pIRS‐1 Ser307) was significantly lower (p ˂ 0.05) in hepatic tissue of +Cr group. After parturition, pIRS‐1 Ser307 was significantly lower in muscle tissue at days 7 and 28 (p ˂ 0.05 and p ˂ 0.001, respectively), while phosphorylation of Akt at serine 473 (pAkt Ser473) was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.01) in hepatic tissue at day 7 AP in +Cr group. Chromium had opposite effect on insulin kinetics during IVGTTs obtained BP and AP. Insulin secretion was significantly reduced at day 7 BP and significantly enhanced at day 10 AP, when NEFA concentration was also significantly increased. Milk yield and ECM value were depressed in +Cr group. DMI and BCS were significantly enhanced in +Cr group at day 7 BP. In conclusion, chromium modulates insulin signalling pathway in dairy cows, but targeted signalling molecules are different in antepartal then post‐partal period, probably due to duration of exposure to chromium and different energy status between those periods.
Type Ia (spherical) communicating colonic duplication in a dog treated with colectomy
Authors: Fernandez N. , Morrison L. , Liuti T. , Frame M. , Yool D.
Published: January 2017

A six‐month‐old Labrador retriever presented for investigation of a colonic mass identified as an incidental finding during exploratory coeliotomy. Computed tomography identified a lesion in the colon which occupied part of its lumen and shared blood supply with the remainder of the colon. The lesion was suspected to be a colonic duplication and it was excised by segmental colectomy during exploratory coeliotomy. Histopathology from the excised colon confirmed the diagnosis of a colonic duplication. The dog recovered uneventfully and had no complications. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of an asymptomatic, spherical, communicating colonic duplication and the first report to describe segmental colectomy for the management of this condition in veterinary patients.
Sequence analysis of leg movements during sleep with different intervals (<10, 10–90 and >90 s) in restless legs syndrome
Authors: Ferri Raffaele , Rundo Francesco , Silvani Alessandro , Zucconi Marco , Aricò Debora , Bruni Oliviero , Cosentino Filomena I. I. , Ferini‐Strambi Luigi , Manconi Mauro
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to define the time structure of leg movements during sleep occurring with an intermovement interval (onset‐to‐onset) shorter than 10 s in patients with restless legs syndrome and controls, and to compare it to the structure of movements with intervals of 10–90 s or >90 s. Polysomnographic recordings of 141 untreated patients and 68 age‐matched normal controls were analysed. All movements were detected and classified into three categories, separated by intervals of <10, 10–90 or >90 s. The number of movements included in each category was significantly higher in patients than in controls. The movements with an interval of >90 s occurred steadily during the night, whereas the hourly distribution of movements with intervals of <10 or 10–90 s was decreasing or bell‐shaped in patients or controls, respectively. Movements with an interval of <10 s tended to have a shorter duration and constituted shorter sequences than movements with intervals of 10–90 or >90 s. The time structure features of the three categories of movements considered in this study were found to be clearly different. This, together with previous observations on the differential effects of dopamine agonists on movements with different intervals, suggests that movements with intervals of <10 and >90 s are regulated by neurotransmitter mechanisms different from those modulating movements with an interval of 10–90 s.
Study on the abuse of amantadine in tissues of broiler chickens by HPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: You X. , Yang S. , Zhao J. , Zhang Y. , Zhao L. , Cheng Y. , Hou C. , Xu Z.
Published: January 2017

To evaluate the residual target tissues for better monitoring of amantadine abuse in broiler chickens, 22‐day‐old commercial Arbor Acres broiler chickens were, respectively, fed with 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg of amantadine for five consecutive days. Plasma, breast, and liver tissue samples from the chickens were collected 0, 4, 16, 24, 48, 96, 144, and 312 h after amantadine withdrawal. The high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was used to detect the concentrations of amantadine. The highest concentration was found in the chicken liver and it took the longest time for amantadine to vanish by metabolism. In the high‐dose group, amantadine residues were still detected 312 h after amantadine withdrawal. As the amantadine dose increased, amantadine residues in the chicken liver were more slowly to disappear than in other tissues. Even if approximately the same concentration of amantadine residues was found in chicken breast and plasma samples, it took a shorter time before the residues were eliminated. In the medium‐ and high‐dose groups, the concentrations of amantadine residues in chicken liver samples were substantially higher than those in chicken breast and plasma samples, and it took more time to eliminate them. Therefore, the chicken liver can be used as a target tissue to detect illegal use of amantadine.
Laser‐induced melting experiments: Simulation of short‐term high‐temperature impact processes
Authors: Ebert M. , Hecht L. , Hamann C. , Luther R.
Published: January 2017

This study introduces an experimental approach using direct laser irradiation to simulate the virtually instantaneous melting of target rocks during meteorite impacts. We aim at investigating the melting and mixing processes of projectile (iron meteorite; steel) and target material (sandstone) under idealized conditions. The laser experiments (LE) were able to produce features very similar to those of impactites from meteorite craters and cratering experiments, i.e., formation of lechatelierite, partial to complete melting of sandstone, and injection of projectile droplets into target melts. The target and projectile melts have experienced significant chemical modifications during interaction of these coexisting melts. Emulsion textures, observed within projectile‐contaminated target melts, indicate phase separation of silicate melts with different chemical compositions during quenching. Reaction times of 0.6 to 1.4 s could be derived for element partitioning and phase‐separation processes by measuring time‐depended temperature profiles with a bolometric detector. Our LE allow (i) separate melting at high temperatures to constrain primary melt heterogeneities before mixing of projectile and target, (ii) quantification of element partitioning processes between coexisting projectile and target melts, (iii) determination of cooling rates, and (iv) estimation of reaction times. Moreover, we used a thermodynamic approach to calculate the entropy gain during laser melting. The entropy changes for laser‐melting of sandstone and iron meteorite correspond to shock pressures and particle velocities produced during the impact of an iron projectile striking a quartz target at a minimum impact velocity of ~6 km s−1, inducing peak shock pressures of ~100 GPa in the target.
Novel function of Wsc proteins as a methanol‐sensing machinery in the yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ohsawa Shin , Yurimoto Hiroya , Sakai Yasuyoshi
Published: January 2017

Wsc family proteins are plasma membrane spanning sensor proteins conserved from yeasts to mammalian cells. We studied the functional roles of Wsc family proteins in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, and found that PpWsc1 and PpWsc3 function as methanol‐sensors during growth on methanol. PpWsc1 responds to a lower range of methanol concentrations than PpWsc3. PpWsc1, but not PpWsc3, also functions during high temperature stress, but PpWsc1 senses methanol as a signal that is distinct from high‐temperature stress. We also found that PpRom2, which is known to function downstream of the Wsc family proteins in the cell wall integrity pathway, was also involved in sensing methanol. Based on these results, these PpWsc family proteins were demonstrated to be involved in sensing methanol and transmitting the signal via their cytoplasmic tail to the nucleus via PpRom2, which plays a critical role in regulating expression of a subset of methanol‐inducible genes to coordinate well‐balanced methanol metabolism.
Legitimating Multilingual Teacher Identities in the Mainstream Classroom
Authors: Higgins Christina , Ponte Eva
Published: January 2017

This article explores the identities of a group of elementary teachers who participated in a professional development (PD) project on multilingual language learners.1 We study how the participating teachers drew on different aspects of their identities to respond to encouragement to increase their attention to students’ diverse multilingual repertoires in classroom practices. Drawing on research that has sought to open up more spaces for multilingualism in North American, English‐medium schooling, the teachers were invited to create multilingual print environments (Lotherington, ), use group work to increase oral participation among multilingual learners, invite students to take on the role of ‘language teacher’ (Cary, ), and encourage students to author multilingual identity texts (Cummins & Early, ). As the teachers grappled with these ideas, we collected data in the form of classroom observation notes, interviews, assignments, and WebCT posts. Using Gee's (2001) framework for identity, our analysis sheds light on how the teachers enacted their professional identities as they worked to put the PD concepts and recommendations into practice. Our analysis reveals how the teachers’ own linguistic histories strongly shaped their views about multilingualism in schools, but it also demonstrates that a formally sanctioned opportunity to experiment with multilingual pedagogies opened up new spaces for critical self‐reflection about the links among languages, teachers’ identities, and academic engagement for multilingual learners.
Actuarial Inputs and the Valuation Of Public Pension Liabilities and Contribution Requirements: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Chen Gang , Matkin David S. T.
Published: January 2017

There are significant concerns about the financial condition of public pensions in U.S. state and local governments. To date, studies of public pensions have given limited attention to the effect of actuarial inputs on the valuation of pension liabilities and contribution requirements. This paper uses a simulated public pension system to examine the sensitivity of actuarial input changes on funding ratios and contribution requirements. We examine instantaneous and lagged effects, marginal and interactive effects, and effects under different funding conditions and demographic profiles. The findings emphasize the difficulty of conducting cross‐sectional analysis of public pension systems and point to several important considerations for future research.
Post‐transplant immune complex nephritis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus associated with ANCA vasculitis
Authors: Sanchez Carlos , Rebolledo Alejandra , Gahona Junior , Rojas Mauricio , Jiménez Raquel , Bojórquez Aurora
Published: January 2017

Nearly 20% of SLE corresponds to the pediatric population, and 75% of them have kidney involvement representing an important etiology of chronic kidney disease. A correlation between SLE and ANCA‐associated vasculitis has been identified as an overlapping syndrome. Kidney allograft recurrence is rare in SLE when disease control is achieved and with nowadays immunosuppression treatment. Histologic transformation is unusual, especially when there are negative serologic markers and no immune complex deposition reported in native kidneys. A 17‐year‐old female with crescentic glomerulonephritis, p‐ANCA‐positive antibodies with pauci‐immune pattern in kidney biopsy develops end‐stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Deceased donor kidney transplant was performed receiving triple immunosuppression thereafter. Thirteen months later serum creatinine rises without evidence of infection, urinary obstruction, or clinical and serologic disease relapse. Allograft biopsy reports mesangial proliferation and “full‐house” immunofluorescence. The role of ANCA in SLE physiopathology is controversial, and its relation with lupus nephritis is also discordant. ANCA could represent an important factor in the heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
Stoichiometric variation of halophytes in response to changes in soil salinity
Authors: Sun X. , Gao Y. , Wang D. , Chen J. , Zhang F. , Zhou J. , Yan X. , Li Y.
Published: January 2017

Variation in soil salt may change the stoichiometry of a halophyte by altering plant ecophysiology, and exert different influences on various plant organs, which has potentially important consequences for the nutrition of consumers as well as nutrient cycling in a saline ecosystem.

Using a greenhouse pot experiment, we investigated the effect of salinity variability on the growth and stoichiometry of different organs of Suaeda glauca and Salicornia europaea – two dominant species of important ecological and economic value in the saline ecosystem.

Our results showed that appropriate salt stimulated the growth of both species during the vigorous growth period, while high salt suppressed growth. Na significantly increased with increased salt in the culture, whereas concentrations of other measured elements and K:Na ratio for both species significantly decreased at low salt treatments, and became more gradual under higher salt conditions. Furthermore, with the change of salt in culture, variations in leaf (degenerated leaf for S. europaea, considered as young stem) stoichiometry, except N:P ratio, were large and less in stems (old stems for S. europaea) than in roots, reflecting physiological and biochemical reactions in the leaf in response to salt stress, supported by sharp changes in trends.

These results suggest that appropriate saline conditions can enhance biological C fixation of halophytes; however, increasing salt could affect consumer health and decrease cycling of other nutrients in saline ecosystems.
Putative new species of the genus Dickeya as major soft rot pathogens in Phalaenopsis orchid production
Authors: Alič Š. , Naglič T. , Tušek‐Žnidarič M. , Peterka M. , Ravnikar M. , Dreo T.
Published: January 2017

Bacterial soft rots are a serious limitation to the production of orchids and other horticultural plants. Here, the characterization of causative bacteria isolated from Phalaenopsis orchids showing symptoms, from a commercial production site, is reported. The most commonly isolated bacteria were identified as Dickeya spp. Partial sequencing of 16S rDNA, fliC and dnaX showed diversity among the isolates and divided the isolates into two groups, with greatest similarity to previously reported undefined Dickeya lineages from orchids (UDL‐3 and UDL‐4). Two isolates (B16, S1) were sequenced using next‐generation sequencing, which has provided draft genomes of these two isolates for further studies (Alič et al., ). Newly developed fliC‐based lineage‐specific quantitative real‐time PCR assays were used to distinguish among the lineages and to assess their relative abundances in diseased tissues. Virulence and aggressiveness comparison tests in vivo on Phalaenopsis orchids, potato plants and witloof chicory leaves indicated high virulence and extreme maceration potential of these novel Dickeya isolates, compared to a reference panel of other Dickeya spp. Pantoea cypripedii (formerly Pectobacterium cypripedii), which has previously been reported as a soft rot pathogen of orchids, was not detected, and isolates obtained from culture collections did not cause symptoms on artificially infected Phalaenopsis orchids.
The gene diversity pattern of Diplocarpon rosae populations is shaped by the age, diversity and fungicide treatment of their host populations
Authors: Münnekhoff A.‐K. , Linde M. , Debener T.
Published: January 2017

Black spot disease caused by the hemibiotrophic ascomycete Diplocarpon rosae is the most devastating disease of field‐grown roses. Although resistance to black spot is an important trait for rose breeding, little information on the diversity of the pathogen is currently available. To date, a number of single‐spore isolates have been characterized based on a set of test genotypes of the host. In this study, six polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for D. rosae were developed and their potential application to single‐spore isolates collected from a wide range of geographic locations within and outside Europe discussed. Populations of the fungus were then analysed in different German rose collections/populations. Gene diversity was highest in older rose collections managed without fungicide application, and lowest in the two‐ to three‐year‐old testing sites of German rose breeders. Additional analyses of a global collection of single samples and populations revealed no unique alleles from any of the locations, indicating that global trading of rose varieties has led to an admixture of the pathogen.
Fine‐grained versus categorical: Pupil size differentiates between strategies for spatial working memory performance
Authors: Starc Martina , Anticevic Alan , Repovš Grega
Published: January 2017

Pupillometry provides an accessible option to track working memory processes with high temporal resolution. Several studies showed that pupil size increases with the number of items held in working memory; however, no study has explored whether pupil size also reflects the quality of working memory representations. To address this question, we used a spatial working memory task to investigate the relationship of pupil size with spatial precision of responses and indicators of reliance on generalized spatial categories. We asked 30 participants (15 female, aged 19–31) to remember the position of targets presented at various locations along a hidden radial grid. After a delay, participants indicated the remembered location with a high‐precision joystick providing a parametric measure of trial‐to‐trial accuracy. We recorded participants' pupil dilations continuously during task performance. Results showed a significant relation between pupil dilation during preparation/early encoding and the precision of responses, possibly reflecting the attentional resources devoted to memory encoding. In contrast, pupil dilation at late maintenance and response predicted larger shifts of responses toward prototypical locations, possibly reflecting larger reliance on categorical representation. On an intraindividual level, smaller pupil dilations during encoding predicted larger dilations during late maintenance and response. On an interindividual level, participants relying more on categorical representation also produced larger precision errors. The results confirm the link between pupil size and the quality of spatial working memory representation. They suggest compensatory strategies of spatial working memory performance—loss of precise spatial representation likely increases reliance on generalized spatial categories.
Confronting the Heartbreak and Injustice of Eviction
Authors: Immergluck Dan
Published: January 2017

Related Content: Balfour (PAR March/April 2017)

Related Content: Ventriss (PAR March/April 2017)
Use of cryopoor plasma for albumin replacement and continuous antimicrobial infusion for treatment of septic peritonitis in a dog
Authors: Ropski Meaghan K. , Guillaumin Julien , Monnig Andrea A. , Townsend Katy , McLoughlin Mary A.
Published: January 2017

Objective

To report the successful management of a dog with septic peritonitis and septic shock secondary to enterectomy dehiscence using novel techniques for identification of intestinal dehiscence and for septic shock treatment.

Case Summary

A 5‐year‐old castrated male Bernese Mountain Dog presented for lethargy 6 days following enterotomy for foreign body obstruction. Septic peritonitis was identified due to dehiscence of the enterotomy site, and resection and anastomosis were performed using a gastrointestinal anastomosis and thoracoabdominal stapling device. Postoperatively the patient experienced severe hypotension, which responded to norepinephrine constant rate infusion (CRI) after failing to improve with fluid therapy or dopamine CRI. Further treatment included antimicrobial CRI and supportive care including careful fluid therapy. Due to low effective circulating volume paired with intersititial fluid overload and large volume abdominal effusion, fluid therapy consisted of a combination of human serum albumin, canine albumin, synthetic colloids, and isotonic crystalloids. Cryopoor plasma (CPP) was used as a source of canine albumin and intravascular volume. On Day 4, food dye was given through a nasogastric tube due to suspicion of dehiscence of the anastomosis site. Dehiscence was confirmed during abdominal exploratory, and a second resection and anastomosis was performed. Abdominal partial closure with vacuum‐assisted closure device was performed. Supportive care was continued with CPP CRI and imipenem CRI. Planned relaparotomy to change the vacuum‐assisted closure device was performed 48 hours later, with abdominal closure 96 hours after anastomosis. The patient was discharged on Day 15. Recheck 12 months later was normal.

New or Unique Information Provided

This case includes novel techniques such food dye via nasogastric tube to identify anastomosis dehiscence, use of CPP as a source of canine albumin, and antimicrobial CRI in a dog with septic peritonitis.
Sensitivity of recently naturalised Digitaria spp. populations to 4‐hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase‐ and acetolactate synthase‐inhibiting herbicides in maize
Authors: De Cauwer B , Dendauw E , Claerhout S , Biesemans N , Reheul D
Published: January 2017

Until recently, Digitaria aequiglumis var. aequiglumis, native to South America, and Digitaria ciliaris subsp. nubica, native to Northeast Africa, were completely overlooked in Belgium due to their close morphological resemblance to Digitaria sanguinalis and Digitaria ischaemum. One of the possible reasons for their expansion in maize fields, besides for example the lack of crop rotation, might be a lower sensitivity to post‐emergence herbicides acting against panicoid grasses. Dose–response pot experiments were conducted in the glasshouse to evaluate the effectiveness of four foliar‐applied HPPD‐inhibiting herbicides (mesotrione, sulcotrione, tembotrione, topramezone) and two foliar‐applied ALS‐inhibiting herbicides (foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron) for controlling Belgian populations of D. aequiglumis and D. ciliaris subsp. Nubica, as well as local D. sanguinalis and D. ischaemum populations. In another dose–response pot experiment, the influence of growth stage at time of herbicide application on efficacy of topramezone and nicosulfuron for Digitaria spp. control was evaluated. In general, D. aequiglumis and D. ciliaris subsp. nubica populations were less sensitive to HPPD inhibitors than D. ischaemum and D. sanguinalis populations, except for D. aequiglumis treated with topramezone. Contrary to other herbicides tested, topramezone adequately controlled all D. aequiglumis populations at doses well below maximum authorised field dose. All species tested showed a progressive decrease in sensitivity to topramezone and nicosulfuron with seedling age. A satisfactory post‐emergence control of Digitaria species in the field will require appropriate choice of herbicide and dose, as well as more timely application.
Historia de la regulación contable financiera en Colombia. El caso de la industria ferroviaria (1870-1920)
Authors: Rico-Bonilla Carlos Orlando
Published: January 2017

Este documento expone un estudio histórico de la regulación contable desarrollada en Colombia, en el período 1870-1920. Específicamente, se toman en consideración las reglas, los agentes económicos y el contexto social relacionado con la industria ferroviaria, una actividad empresarial fundamental en la constitución de las prácticas y el pensamiento sobre la contabilidad financiera contemporánea. 
Indicadores de eficiencia relativa del proceso de gestión de crédito en un banco colombiano, mediante análisis envolvente de datos (DEA)
Authors: Sánchez-Gooding Sandra Paola , Rodríguez-Lozano Gloria Isabel
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo medir la eficiencia relativa de las unidades que participan en el proceso de gestión de crédito de un banco colombiano, mediante la utilización del análisis envolvente de datos (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA). Mediante un doble proceso de optimización, esta metodología de programación lineal avanzada genera un único índice de eficiencia relativa para

cada una de las unidades estudiadas, aunque es capaz de incluir múltiples recursos y múltiples salidas. En el banco objeto de estudio, las actividades de crédito están organizadas en cinco bancas [unidades estratégicas de negocio que se especializan en tipos de productos y/o

mercados objetivos; establecen sus propios planes tácticos; tienen un presupuesto específico asignado y son autónomas en la toma de decisiones comerciales y operacionales] de la siguiente manera: banca personal [crédito de consumo y libre inversión a personas]; banca agropecuaria [créditos para actividades agrícolas pecuarias, forestales, acuícolas y pesqueras]; banca de microfinanzas [para necesidades de familias, microempresarios y personas de bajos ingresos]; banca empresarial [satisface necesidades de empresas] y banca oficial [dirigida en general a las empresas del sector oficial]. A su vez, cada banca está dividida en ocho zonas geográficas: Antioquia, Bogotá, Cafetera, Costa, Occidente, Oriente, Santanderes y Sur, por lo cual, el objeto de estudio son cuarenta unidades. Se pretende dar respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué bancas y zonas geográficas del banco fueron eficientes y cuáles ineficientes en lo que respecta al proceso de gestión de crédito durante 2013? ¿Cuál es la medida de esta ineficiencia? El modelo DEA utilizado es Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) orientado a salidas, con cuatro entradas y dos salidas, trabajando diferentes tipos de unidades. Los resultados indican que las bancas con mejor desempeño son la agropecuaria y la oficial, y las zonas geográficas más eficientes son Sur y Cafetera. Adicionalmente, la banca más ineficiente es la personal y la zona geográfica con el peor desempeño es la Costa.
El modelamiento matemático y la contabilidad analítica matricial, mecanismos de medición, representación e interpretación contable: ¿un reto aún no asumido por la contametría en el desarrollo científico de contabilidad?, ¿ni tampoco por la praxis de la pr
Authors: Ortiz-Bojacá José Joaquín
Published: January 2017

Este artículo busca establecer las relaciones entre la teoría, la praxis contable y el uso de las matemáticas, tanto en su fundamentación como en su aplicación para la solución de problemáticas de la contabilidad como ciencia y como ejercicio profesional. Ello conlleva afrontar la indagación de los principales aportes en su recorrido tanto de axiomatización como del desarrollo de aplicaciones mediante la utilización de las herramientas matemáticas y sus carencias en la integración en una teoría general, que está por estructurarse, desde un enfoque sistémico e interdisciplinario y bajo el paradigma de la complejidad. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en el análisis de contenidos de documentos, y la triangulación de fuentes teóricas de información, para determinar un muestreo teórico representativo de esos desarrollos y se seleccionaron dos esquemas de matematización contable considerados fundamentales en este proceso: el enfoque del modelamiento matemático aplicado a las dinámicas patrimoniales y el desarrollo del modelo de la contabilidad analítica matricial, que recurre al análisis de casos ilustrativos por su gran potencial de soporte metodológico en la consolidación de la estructura científica de la contabilidad y por su alto impacto social en la solución de problemas como la justa distribución de la riqueza y el logro del bienestar social, desde una perspectiva de responsabilidad social, sustentada en valores humanos, que deben orientar las decisiones económicas y no a la inversa, como ha venido ocurriendo en la actual fase de financiarización de la economía, con las consecuencias de un resquebrajamiento social profundo, en el cual todas las ciencias enfrentan un reto insoslayable de aportar a su solución desde lo más profundamente humano y en el que la contabilidad como ciencia social, se proyecta como una de las grandes aportantes en el concierto científico universal, siguiendo un programa de investigación centrado en la matematización contable desde lo socioeconómico y desde el bien común. 
La gestión social en proyectos de vivienda de interés social
Authors: Salamanca Laura
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo pretende el diseño de una metodología, cuyo objetivo principal es construir un modelo de convivencia urbana, a partir de generar un cambio cultural desde  el hábitat de la población vulnerable de los proyectos de vivienda bajo el régimen de propiedad horizontal. Esta metodología puede ayudar en la construcción bajo el principio de corresponsabilidad, de conjuntos sostenibles a corto, mediano y largo plazo, en lo social, lo ambiental, lo económico y lo administrativo. Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de verificar la hipótesis planteada, se decidió utilizar como herramienta estadística y cuantitativa el diagnóstico socioeconómico de 868 familias pertenecientes a dos conjuntos residenciales construidos para población vulnerable: uno para 100 familias en Lima (Perú), denominado Conjunto Residencial Los Ceibos; y otro para 768 familias, ubicado en el municipio de Soacha en Colombia. Los resultados de la aplicación de la metodología fueron exitosos como se demuestra en el presente artículo.