bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cyclicity in homotopy algebras and rational homotopy theory
Authors: Kajiura Hiroshige
Published: October 2018

Kadeishvili proposes a minimal

C
∞

{C_{\infty}}

-algebra as a rational homotopy model of a space. We discuss a cyclic version of this Kadeishvili

C
∞

{C_{\infty}}

-model and apply it to classifying rational Poincaré duality spaces.
We classify 1-connected minimal cyclic

C
∞

{C_{\infty}}

-algebras whose cohomology algebras are those of

(

S
p

×

S

p
+

2
⁢
q

-
1

)

⁢
♯
⁢

(

S
q

×

S

2
⁢
p

+
q

-
1

)

{(S^{p}\times S^{p+2q-1})\sharp(S^{q}\times S^{2p+q-1})}

, where

2
≤
p
≤
q

{2\leq p\leq q}

.
We also include a proof of the decomposition theorem for cyclic

A
∞

{A_{\infty}}

and

C
∞

{C_{\infty}}

-algebras.
Solution of the Ulam stability problem for Euler–Lagrange k-quintic mappings
Authors: Mohiuddine Syed Abdul , Rassias John Michael , Alotaibi Abdullah
Published: October 2018

The “oldest quartic” functional equation

f
⁢

(

x
+

2
⁢
y

)

+

f
⁢

(

x
-

2
⁢
y

)

=

4
⁢

[

f
⁢

(

x
+
y

)

+

f
⁢

(

x
-
y

)

]

-

6
⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

+

24
⁢
f
⁢

(
y
)

f(x+2y)+f(x-2y)=4[f(x+y)+f(x-y)]-6f(x)+24f(y)

was introduced and solved by the second author of this paper (see J. M. Rassias,
Solution of the Ulam stability problem for quartic mappings,
Glas. Mat. Ser. III 34(54) 1999, 2, 243–252).
Similarly, an interesting “quintic” functional equation was introduced and investigated by I. G. Cho, D. Kang and H. Koh,
Stability problems of quintic mappings in quasi-β-normed spaces,
J. Inequal. Appl. 2010 2010, Article ID 368981,
in the following form:

2
⁢
f
⁢

(

2
⁢
x

+
y

)

+

2
⁢
f
⁢

(

2
⁢
x

-
y

)

+

f
⁢

(

x
+

2
⁢
y

)

+

f
⁢

(

x
-

2
⁢
y

)

=

20
⁢

[

f
⁢

(

x
+
y

)

+

f
⁢

(

x
-
y

)

]

+

90
⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

.

2f(2x+y)+2f(2x-y)+f(x+2y)+f(x-2y)=20[f(x+y)+f(x-y)]+90f(x).

In this paper, we generalize this “Cho–Kang–Koh equation” by introducing pertinent Euler–Lagrange k-quintic functional equations, and investigate the “Ulam stability” of these new k-quintic functional mappings.
Inner functions as multipliers and zero sets in weighted Dirichlet spaces
Authors: Yang Liu
Published: October 2018

In this note, using some conditions on the weight function K, we
investigate the inner functions as multipliers in weighted Dirichlet spaces, and we also discuss zero sets.
Die „Pippinische Schenkung“ Neue Lösungsansätze für ein altes Problem
Authors: Scholz Sebastian
Published: October 2018

Es zeigt sich, dass die ältere Forschung die „Pippinische Schenkung“ zu einseitig von dem Text der Vita Hadriani her interpretierte und vor allem die Bedeutung der byzantinischen Politik in Italien viel zu wenig berücksichtigte. Das Versprechen Pippins stellt sich somit nicht mehr als ein Entgegenkommen des fränkischen Herrschers gegenüber dem Papst dar, sondern als das Ergebnis komplizierter Verhandlungen, die zunächst unter Beteiligung der Langobarden und dann ohne die Langobarden zwischen Byzanz, dem Papsttum und den Franken geführt wurden. Als Pippin sich 753 mit Papst Stephan II. in Ponthion traf, hat er aufgrund dieser Verhandlungen versprochen, dem Papst einzelne Territorien, Städte und Patrimonien zu restituieren, die zuvor von den Langobarden erobert worden waren. Darüber hinaus versprach er ihm Teile des Exarchats von Ravenna als Ersatz der an Byzanz übergegangenen päpstlichen Patrimonien in Süditalien und Sizilien. Aus päpstlicher Perspektive ist es im Hinblick auf den Exarchat somit auch nachvollziehbar, wenn von einer Schenkung gesprochen wird. Der Papst hatte auf dieses Gebiet keinen Anspruch, und Pippin versprach ihm die fraglichen Gebiete in Abstimmung mit Byzanz unter dem Vorbehalt, dass er auch tatsächlich darüber verfügen konnte. Damit ergibt sich ein neues Bild der päpstlich-fränkischen Beziehungen zu dieser Zeit, in denen Byzanz eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielte. Auch trübten der Bilderstreit in Byzanz und die Beschlüsse des ikonoklastischen Konzils von Hiereia 754 das Verhältnis zwischen dem Papsttum und Byzanz zu dieser Zeit offenbar nicht, da man in Rom erst 769 auf das Konzil mit einer Synode reagierte. Die Erneuerung der Schenkung, die Karl der Große 774 in Rom vornahm, erfolgte ohne erneute Absprache mit Byzanz und enthielt gegenüber der Urkunde Pippins Zusätze. Die Zusage für die Restitution von Gebieten in den Herzogtümern Spoleto und Benevent kam erst jetzt hinzu. Die Wiedergabe des Urkundeninhalts in der Vita Hadriani verschleiert die Gegebenheiten jedoch, da sie die Trennung zwischen der Übertragung eines vollständigen Gebiets und der Übertragung einzelner Territorien, Städte und Patrimonien innerhalb dieses Gebiets bewusst nivelliert.
Toeplitz matrices whose elements are coefficients of Bazilevič functions
Authors: Radhika Varadharajan , Jahangiri Jay M. , Sivasubramanian Srikandan , Murugusundaramoorthy Gangadharan
Published: October 2018

We consider the Toeplitz matrices whose elements are the coefficients of Bazilevič functions and obtain upper bounds for the first four determinants of these Toeplitz matrices. The results presented here are new and noble and the only prior compatible results are the recent publications by Thomas and Halim [1] for the classes of starlike and close-to-convex functions and Radhika et al. [2] for the class of functions with bounded boundary rotation.
On-chip optical parity checker using silicon photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Liu Zilong , Wu Xiaosuo , Xiao Huifu , Han Xu , Chen Wenping , Liao Miaomiao , Zhao Ting , Jia Hao , Yang Jianhong , Tian Yonghui
Published: October 2018

The optical parity checker plays an important role in error detection and correction for high-speed, large-capacity, complex digital optical communication networks, which can be employed to detect and correct the error bits by using a specific coding theory such as introducing error-detecting and correcting codes in communication channels. In this paper, we report an integrated silicon photonic circuit that is capable of implementing the parity checking for binary string with an arbitrary number of bits. The proposed parity checker consisting of parallel cascaded N micro-ring resonators (MRRs) is based on directed logic scheme, which means that the operands applied to MRRs to control the switching states of the MRRs are electrical signals, the operation signals are optical signals, and the final operation results are obtained at the output ports in the form of light. A 3-bit parity checker with an operation speed of 10 kbps, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform using a standard commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, was experimentally and successfully demonstrated.
Crystal structure of 1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid – 4,4′-bipyridine (2/1), C14H11N2O2
Authors: Linxin Deng , Xinya Kuang , Huarong Yang , Song Li
Published: October 2018

C14H11N2O2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.8749(6) Å, b = 9.6746(6) Å, c = 16.0818(12) Å, α = 78.200(6)°, β = 83.007(6)°, γ = 85.035(6)°, V = 1188.00(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0638, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1712, T = 295.42(10) K.
CPW-fed circularly-polarized antenna array with high front-to-back ratio and low-profile
Authors: Liu Yilin , Huang Kama
Published: October 2018

A novel design of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed antenna array with circular polarization (CP) and a high front-to-back ratio is described. The proposed CP array is achieved by using a compact CPW–slotline transition network etched in the ground plane. The measured results show that this kind of feeding method can improve the impedance bandwidth, as well as the axial ratio bandwidth of the CP antenna array and provide adequate gain. The proposed array can achieve a 6.08% impedance bandwidth and a 4.10% CP bandwidth. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Does validation and alliance during the multimodal investigation affect patients’ acceptance of chronic pain? An experimental single case study
Authors: Svanberg Mikael , Johansson Ann-Christin , Boersma Katja
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Among chronic pain patients who are referred to participation in a multimodal rehabilitation program (MMRP), pain catastrophizing and dysfunctional pain coping is common. In many cases it may have driven the patient to a range of unsuccessful searches for biomedical explanations and pain relief. Often these efforts have left patients feeling disappointed, hopeless and misunderstood. The MMRP process can be preceded by a multimodal investigation (MMI) where an important effort is to validate the patient to create a good alliance and begin a process of change towards acceptance of the pain. However, whether the MMI has such therapeutic effect is unclear. Using a repeated single case experimental design, the purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of MMI by studying changes in patients’ experience of validation, alliance, acceptance of pain, coping, catastrophizing, and depression before and during the MMI process.

Methods

Participants were six chronic pain patients with high levels of pain catastrophizing (>25 on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale) and risk for long term disability (>105 on the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire) who were subjected to MMI before planned MMRP. For each patient, weekly self-report measures of validation, alliance and acceptance of pain were obtained during a 5–10-weeks baseline, before the MMI started. Subsequently, these measures were also obtained during a 6–8 weeks MMI process in order to enable comparative analyses. Additionally, pain coping, depression and pain catastrophizing were measured using standardized questionnaires before and after the MMI.

Results

Irrespective of experiences of validation and alliance before MMI, all six patients felt validated and experienced a good alliance during MMI. Acceptance of pain improved only in one patient during MMI. None of the patients showed clinically relevant improvement in pain coping, depression or catastrophizing after the MMI.

Conclusions

The patients did not change their acceptance and pain coping strategies despite of good alliance and experience of validation during the MMI process. Even if the design of this study precludes generalization to chronic pain patients in general, the results suggest that MMI may not have a therapeutic effect.
Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery Behavior of SBR-Modified Bitumen Emulsions
Authors: Abedini Mohammad , Hassani Abolfazl , Kaymanesh Mahmoud Reza , Yousefi Ali Akbar , Abedini Hossein
Published: October 2018

The effect of two grades of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt. % on the deformation behavior of cationic polymer-modified bitumen emulsion by a multiple stress creep and recovery test at three different temperatures (58°C, 68°C, and 78°C) was investigated. It was observed that increasing SBR latex content leads to a decrease in nonrecoverable creep compliance (Jnr) of the bituminous residue, whereas increasing temperature leads to an increase in Jnr. The results also revealed that reduction in Jnr is not remarkable for polymer content higher than 6 wt. %. Furthermore, comparing the effect of different SBRs revealed that at equal polymer content, the Jnr of SBR-modified bitumen emulsion residue was found to be twice that of a branched carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (X-SBR)–modified one. At the same polymer modification rate and temperature, X-SBR can be used for higher traffic levels compared to an SBR-modified bitumen emulsion.
Сім'я як суб'єкт успішної соціальної адаптації дітей молодшого шкільного віку з порушеннями зору
Authors: Kovalchuk Olga , Andrukhova Olga
Published: October 2018

Стаття присвячена вивченню ролі сім’ї в соціальній адаптації дітей молодшого шкільного віку з порушеннями зору. Здійснено аналіз понять “адаптація”, “соціалізація” та “дезадаптація”. Виявлено проблеми з якими стикаються діти з вадами зору. Зазначено, що адаптація є ключовим елементом, що сприяє соціалізації людини, зокрема механізми адаптації включаються у проблемних ситуаціях. Увагу приділено питанням розвитку адаптаційних механізмів зазначеної категорії дітей до соціуму. Підкреслено, що саме у родині відбувається первинна соціалізація особистості, засвоюються перші соціальні ролі, закладаються основні життєві цінності, відбувається становлення особистості. Сім’я розглядається як соціальний інститут, осередок формування життєвих навичок, передача традицій та поведінкових сценаріїв. Окреслено особливості виховання і становлення особистості дитини з вадами зору. Зокрема, виховний потенціал зосереджується на перші три роки життя дитини. Важливу роль відіграє формування самооцінки дитини з вадами зору. Сензетивним періодом можна вважати шкільний вік. Підкреслюється роль батьків, що виступають посередниками між соціумомом та дитиною. Тим самим, допомагають встановлювати контакти з однолітками, сприяють налагодженню спілкування. Зверта­ється увага на особистісно-орієнтований підхід до дитини з вадами зору. Визначено, що діти потребують психолого-педагогічного супроводу.
Актуальні проблеми особистісного становлення в період юності
Authors: Lysenko- Gelembiuk Kateryna
Published: October 2018

У статті увиразнено феноменологію юнацького віку, у контексті амбівалентності, психологічної інтенсивності та складності означеного періоду, а також беззаперечної значущості в особистісному становленні молодої людини.
Модернізація освіти для осіб з особливостями психофізичного розвитку: основні підходи
Authors: Ashytok Nadiya
Published: October 2018

Модернізація суспільства створює передумови для пошуку нових підходів до організації навчання дітей з особливими освітніми потребами, в тому числі з особливостями психофізичного розвитку. Такими підходами є інтегрований та інклюзивний. У статті розглянуто варіанти створення інклюзивного освітнього простору в Україні, що будуються на основі цих підходів. Обґрунтовані можливості та перспективи подальшого розвитку вітчизняної освіти для дітей з особливими освітніми потребами.
Стратегії втілення індивідуального стилю навчання в руслі розвитку англомовної лексичної компетенції учнів
Authors: Yehorova Olesia , Bila Oleksandra
Published: October 2018

Стаття фокусує увагу на особливостях стилю навчання ВАК як однієї з моделей індивідуально-орієнтованої освіти. Враховуючи потребу застосування нового іноваційного підходу в освітній сфері України, стаття висвітлює переваги втілення індивідуальної моделі ВАК під час аудиторної роботи та надає детальний аналіз  трьох типів учнів, що виокремлюються у межах запропонованої моделі – аудіалів, візуалів та кінестетів.

Лексична компетенція розглядається як необхідна запорука успішного оволодіння іноземною мовою, особливо для розвитку таких навичок як письмо та говоріння.  Враховуючи важливість розвитку іншомовної лексичної компетенції у школах, у статті пропонуються практичні стратегії, техніки та засоби імплементації моделі ВАК у загальноосвітній навчальний процес з метою розвитку лексичних навичок учня. На основі результатів експериментального втілення моделі ВАК у процес навчання, у поданому дослідженні надано практичні рекомендації щодо організації навчального процесу з урахуванням психофізіологічних особливостей кожного типу учнів.

Запропоновані стратегії та техніки ВАК розроблено з урахуванням усіх етапів роботи над лексичним матеріалом. На етапі семантизації нових лексичних одиниць особливу увагу зосереджено на на засобах семантизацї через переклад та без нього. Окрім цього, пропонуються можливі модифікації технік ВАК з метою залучення до навчального процесу декількох типів учнів одночасно та спрощення загального процесу оволодіння новими лексичними одиницями.
Професійнa підготовка педагогів іноземної мови у республіці Болгарія
Authors: Loboda Olga
Published: October 2018

У статті окреслено структуру системи освіти у Республіці Болгарія, організацію навчання іноземних мов і англійської зокрема. Визначено деякі аспекти мовної політики та її впливу на розвиток сучасної іншомовної освіти Болгарії. Висвітлено особливості системи професійної підготовки педагогів іноземної мови у Болгарії. Схарактеризовано роль Британської Ради в підготовці вчителів іноземних мов. Представлено основні компетентнісні характеристики сучасного європейського вчителя іноземних мов та компоненти початкової шкільної освіти.
Гаазька конвенція: усиновлення іноземцями дітей, які є громадянами України в реаліях та перспективах
Authors: Shupiana Mariana
Published: October 2018

У статті визначено права дитини на сімейне виховання, які порушені  в умовах збройного конфлікту, внаслідок якого підвищився ризик зростання сирітства; розглядається проблема усиновлення іноземцями дітей, які являються громадянами України; обґрунтовано  плюси та мінуси такого усиновлення; проаналізовано Гаазьку Конвенцію “Про захист дітей та співробітництво з питань міждержавного усиновлення”, як альтернативу вирішення нагальних питань щодо дітей-сиріт; окреслено основні її цілі та перспективи  для дітей означеної категорії.
Підготовка майбутніх педагогів до рольової діяльності дошкільників у вимірах педагогічної професії: структурний підхід
Authors: Zakharasevych Nataliia
Published: October 2018

Стаття присвячена значенню компонентів підготовки майбутніх вихователів до рольової діяльності. Наведено визначення поняття “рольова діяльність дітей дошкільного віку” та виокремлено особливості її розвитку упродовж дошкільного дитинства. Проаналізовано особливості педагогічного керівництва рольовою діяльністю дошкільників. Також розкриті методи для розвитку мотивації майбутніх педагогів до рольової діяльності дошкільників та до педагогічної професії загалом; використання інтерактивних технологій, орієнтованих на практичну підготовку майбутніх фахівців. В статті описано оригінальний підхід до класифікації методів і прийомів мотивування і стимулювання навчальної діяльності студентів за М.Артюшиною, яка виокремила п’ять груп таких методів та основні чинники формування мотиваційно-цільового компоненту готовності майбутніх вихователів до рольової діяльності дошкільників, визначені нами.
Renal Amyloidosis in Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2: Successful Experience With Canakinumab
Authors: Kisla Ekinci Rabia Miray , Balci Sibel , Bisgin Atil , Hershfield Michael , Atmis Bahriye , Dogruel Dilek , Yilmaz Mustafa
Published: October 2018

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare autoinflammatory disease that was firstly described in patients with early-onset strokes, livedo reticularis, and periodic fever resembling polyarteritis nodosa. In reported case series, researchers described highly variable manifestations, including autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, ichthyosiform rash, and arthritis, in patients with DADA2. A thirteen-year-old female patient who was born to consanguineous parents was admitted to our hospital with generalized edema and leg pain. A physical examination revealed splenomegaly and left knee arthritis. Nephrotic-range proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia were present, and a renal biopsy revealed amyloidosis. Despite the absence of periodic fever and livedo reticularis, our patient had suggestive features of DADA2, including low serum immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M levels, hepatosplenomegaly, and renal amyloidosis. We found a heterozygote Met694Val mutation in the Mediterranean fever gene and a novel homozygote Thr317Argfs*25 (c.950-950delCys) mutation in the cat eye chromosome region 1 gene. A functional analysis revealed absent plasma adenosine deaminase 2 activity. Canakinumab was administered because of unresponsive proteinuria despite 2 months of treatment with colchicine and methylprednisolone. Proteinuria improved after 7 doses of canakinumab. In conclusion, DADA2 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal amyloidosis, particularly in the absence of homozygote Mediterranean fever mutations. Although anti–tumor necrosis factor agents are widely offered in DADA2 treatment, we speculate that canakinumab may be an appropriate treatment of renal amyloidosis in DADA2.
Ensayo exploratorio de métodos e interacciones de elementos en la aplicación de fertilizantes en el cultivo de maíz
Authors: Caceros O. A. , González P. , Hidalgo I , Moscoso B. , Raun W. R.
Published: October 2018

Soil fertility studies have been conducted on the southern coastal plain of Guatemala for several years without showing significant response to phosphorus and sulfur fertilizer applications. In 1987, various exploratory trials were established to evaluate various methods of application for phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen. Nitrogen sources evaluated were ammonium sulfate and urea. Beef manure was also evaluated in combination with ammonium sulfate. Various other N (as urea), P, S combinations were Included in this trial using CaSO4 as the S source. Banding phosphorus and nitrogen together especially ammonium sulfate with triple superphosphateprovided excellent response across locations. Due to the pH reduction within the NP band, H2PO4 availability at lower pH is Increased as has been demonstrated by others. Ammonium sulfate was by far a better N source compared to urea when applied alone and as such an S response was considered probable in 2 or the five locations. Gypsum applications were evaluated both as a source of sulfur and as an alternative to improving P availability by applying this source with triple superphosphate in a joint band. It was expected that the reaction products from applying gypsum and P together increase the P availability since the precipitated products (hypothesized, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and dicalcium phosphate) would not be fixed and as such slowly available at low pH. Also If by combining triple superphosphate and gypsum in a joint hand, precipitation products DCIP and DCPD would reduce the amount of fertilizer P complexed with Fe and Al hydroxides and or allophane. Antagonistic Interactions were found between S and P which suggests that fertilizer P applications could induce S deficiencies (where S was not applied) since P may be replacing SO4 on the exchange complex of soils thought to have high anion exchange capacities and/or significant amounts of adsorbed SO4.
Efecto de la humedad en el almacenamiento hermético a corto plazo de semillas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Aguirre Roberto
Published: October 2018

Bean seed variety “Calima” (Phaseolus vulgaris) was stored for 32 weeks in hermetic containers at 30°C using seven different moisture levels within 10.2 and 14.3%. Seed quality was evaluated every two weeks by sub-sampling independent lots from each controlled moisture level. Linear models of germination and budding versus storage time had r2 values of 0.85 and 0.93 respectively. These results indicate that “ Calima” seed with high Initial quality and grain moisture less than 12% can be stored in hermetic containers for up to 8 months at temperatures of 30°C with little loss of physiologycal quality.
Efecto del método de envejecimiento artificial sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz
Authors: Rincón Froylan , Molina Juan
Published: October 2018

Some of the recommended tests to evaluate physiological quality of seed with increased accuracy cannot be commonly practiced due to the high costs of equipment From the selection of seed obtained at the “Centro de Genética del Colegio de Postgraduados in Montecillo, México”, various laboratory trials were conducted to obtain higher precision and economic efficiency that would allow for artificial ageing tests. Maize seed from the open pollinated variety “Huamantla” with 91 % germination was placed over a wire mesh in metal pots, glass jars and plastic boxes of various sizes. Distilled water was added to each of these containers leaving an open space between the water and the seeds. The air tight containers were placed In both a drying oven and a germination chamber, calibrated to 42+/- 1C for 96 hours. The Interior environment was assumed to approach high levels of relative humidity (85-100%). The results demonstrated a lowering of germination from 1 to 82% depending on treatment. In this sense the plastic box treatment (9.5 x 8.0 x 4.5 cm) placed in the germinator was more efficient with a reduction in germination of 82% and the metal pot placed In the drying oven resulted In being less efficient (1 to 5%) respectively. It was also observed that seeds placed in the plastic boxes absorbed more moisture than the metal boxes which explains the Increased deterioration found for the latter.
Valor nutritivo de la pulpa de café sometida a fermentación sólida usando Aspergillus niger en pollos y cerdos
Authors: Molina Mario , Lechuga Otto Raúl , Bressani Ricardo
Published: October 2018

Coffee pulp was subjected to a solid-state fermentation process using Aspergillus niger, an Initial moisture content of 80%, pH 3.5,35°C and adding 2.5% commercial urea and 2.0% commercial dicalcium phosphate, for a total of 48 h. The sundried fermented material proved to have a significantly (P<0.05) lower polyphenolic, caffeine and fiber content than the original sun-dried coffee pulp. Further, the true protein content of the fermented material (18%) was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of the original material (5%). When the pulp was included at a 5, 10 and 15% levels In growing chicken rations It was found that after six weeks the ration containing 15% of the fermented pulp presented a weight gain (1.43 kg) and a feed efficiency (2.20) significantly equal to the control ration (without pulp) and better (P<0.05) than the ration containing the sundried, unfermented pulp at 15 % (1.19 kg and 2.55, respectively). In the case of growing swine fed with rations containing either fermented or unfermented pulp at 20% level for 8 weeks the results were similar to those obtained In the chicken experiment. It is concluded that solid-state fermentation represents a viable technological alternative to improve the nutritional value of coffee pulp.
Agunas reflexiones sobre el PCCMCA
Authors: Wellhausen Edwin J.
Published: October 2018

As I look back over the 35 years of development of the PCCMCA, its success and accomplishments have definitely been a real source of satisfaction to me and I believe to all participants. The mere fact that it is going stronger than ever after 35 years of operation is in itself a highly significant sign of its success. The PCCMCA not only sparked the modem developments of agricultural production in Central America and Panama, but it also ranks high as one of the successful operational models in the agricultural revolution of the Third World. Regional maize programs in the Andean Zone and Southeast Asia were soon patterned after it. Even more impressive, it provided a basic pattern for a whole series of interacting collaborative regional research programs widely promoted by the International Research Centers around the world. This is something of which the Central American agricultural and development workers can be proud. As a matter of fact, all participants can feel doubly proud because in the development of this highly successful approach they had no precedent to follow. They relied on enthusiasm, common sense and hard work. They were generous with their certificates of recognition for all those who helped, regardless of nationality or institutional affiliations both from within and outside the region.¿HOW DID IT ALL GET STARTED?It all got started when seven people met in Turrialba in 1954 (one representative from each of the six middle American countries and a representative of the “Oficina de Estudios Especiales”, OEE, in México) to talk about the possibilities of starting a Central American Cooperative Maize Improvement program.
Evaluación de híbridos triliniales de maíz (Zea mays L.) en 6 ambientes de Centroamérica y El Caribe, 1989
Authors: Pérez Carlos , Soto Nery , Alvarado Alfonso , Aguiluz Adán , Celado Ramón , Jiménez Kenneth , Córdova Hugo
Published: October 2018

Genotype by environment interactions may modify the responseof a given cultivar acrossseveral environments. Farmer continually demand newmaize bybrids wbich respond consistently well to all production environments. With the objective of capitalizing tbe existent genetic potential in the elite lines of CIMMYT's maize hybrid program in Mexico, a collaborative bybrid project was establisbed in Central America and the, Caribbean region, where testers used are the single crosses that' are serve as females in the production of commercial hybrids by National Programs in the region. In 1988, twelve wbite and yelIow three way cross (TWC) grain hybrids were identified that had better performance across' the region and by country. In 1989, these hybrids were evaluated in uniform trials at seven locations in Central America and the Dominican Republic todetermlne tbe yield potential and adaptation of the new hybrids in maize producing areasof the region. Stability analysis was performed using the Finlay and Wilkinson model to identified the response oftbese different cultivars to the diverse environments tested. The combined analysls of 6 sites sbowed bigbly significant differences among cultivars and a significantcultivar by location interaction. The bybrid 3003x3176 (white grain) had the bigbest yield of 5.5 t/ha, representing a 37% increase over that of tbe local check, H-27. This hybrid also had the highest yield at all locations which appears to indicate a consistent response across the environments evaluated. Through this colIaborative project superior hybrids have been identified, and Panama, Costa Rica and El Salvador have commenced commercial production of certified hybrid seed. These results prove that sustainable progress can be obtained in the production of hybrids with the use of a comprehensive and dynamic system.
Estimación de varianzas genéticas en maíz a partir de líneas S1 y S2
Authors: Navarro Félix V. , Youngquis Wayne C. , Compton William
Published: October 2018

The analysis of lines S-l and S-2 and the regression of the measurements of the S-2 on their corresponding S-l were used to estimate the existing genetic variability in a Nebraska Stiff Stalk Synthetic (NSS) corn population at two localities, Mead and Lincoln, Nebraska-USA. A significant genetic variability was found in NSS for grain yield, days to blooming, ear and plant height, grain humidity and lodging percentage. The S-2 lines showed more frequent interaction of genotypes x environment than their S-l. In the wide sense, the heritability for the yield calculated by the analysis of variance of S-2 lines was larger than the one based on the regression of the S-2 on S-l (60 and 42%, respectively). Eight models, originated from Cockerham (1983), were used to identify the existing types of genetic variabilities. The inverse matrix method was used to estimate the parameters of genetic variability when the used co-variances gave a non-singular square matrix. The generalized inverse method o Moore-Penrose was used when the models showed a rectangular matrix. Usually, the best model was the one which estimated the additive variance only. Often times, no consistent covariance estimates were obtained among additive and dominant homocygotic (D-1) effects. For it, we could not infer to what the S-l family selection effect could be on the behavior of the resulting line crosses. The expected genetic gain per selection cycle for yield of S-2 families was 11.4%.
Efecto del asocio tomate-maíz para el control de (Alternaria solani) y Phytophthora infestans en el valle de Zapotitan
Authors: Ayala Jaime E. , Godinez Rodolfo , De Doñan Maritza
Published: October 2018

In the horticultural zone in Zapotitán, the tomato crop is affected by several diseases, but more heavily by those of fungal origin, among which stabd out the early blight (A. solani) and late blight (P. infestans). The trial was conducted at the San Andres Experiment Station, located at 450 masl average temperature of 23,8°C, a relative humidity of 36% and the soil pH of 6.3 to determine the effect of the corn plant as a living barrier. A split-plot, complete randomized block experimental design with four replications was used. Nine treatments were evaluated, divided in area of 3496 m2. were the large plts were the intercropping times and the useful area. The parameters evaluated were: severity of both pathogens and number of infested plants, tomato’s plant height, number of fruits and yield. Apartial budget analysis was conducted. The tomato crop responded favorably to the corn intercropping, lowering the incidence of A.solani and P. infestans. the corn intercropping planted 20 days before trasplanting and every three rows of tomato showed a lower severity of both pathogens, lower number of infested plants and registered the largest height of the tomato plants, which was ovrious be cause of the low severity when compared to the other treatments. The same treatment produced the largest number of fruits, yielding 22.687 kg/ha, being superior to the remaining treatments which fluctuated around 19.000 kg/ha. The analysis of the partial budget showed anet benefit, with the corn treatment 20 days before trasplanting and every three rows of tomato, of ¢ 8.500 which is higher to the benefits produced with the other treatments.
Negro Cotaxtla-91, nueva variedad de frijol para las zonas tropicales de Veracruz
Authors: López S. Ernesto , Rodríguez R. J. Raúl , Becerra L. Enrique Noé , Cano R. Octavio
Published: October 2018

The most common black seeds employed by the farmers in Veracruz state are the small and dull black seed varieties. By the end of 1991, a new black bean seed variety was released for the tropical region, the black bean Cotaxtla-91. This variety had an average yield of 1477 kg/ha, compared with Jamapa and Negro Huasteco-81 varieties, which yielded 1252 and 1307 kg/ha respectively. These results were obtained from 1987 to 1990, as a result of 14 uniform field trials. The black bean, Cotaxtla-91, was bred at the Cotaxtla Experimental Station in 1983; obtained from a simple two line cross, the D- 149 by 1397. It was later improved by means of individual and mass selection procedures until a good uniformity, high yield and wide range of adaptabilily was obtained. This new variety has an undeterminated growth habit, a bush type plant with intermediate shoots and height fluctuating from 75 to 82 cm. The flowering starts around the 43th day and the harvesting period varies from 90-93 days after planting; this new variety is resistant to rust and shows tolerance to the presence of bean golde n mosaic virus (BGMV).
Uso de marcadores moleculares en el mejoramiento del frijol
Authors: Kelly James , Afanado Lucía , Haley Seott , Miklas Phillip
Published: October 2018

Plant breeding methods used to pyramid disease resistance genes generally involve crossing, backcrossing and test crosses in order to verify the presence of desirablecombinations of these genes in the resulting progeny. The epistatic interaction between resistance genes combined with limitations of sample size and the work involved in test crossing results in progeny that do not always possess the desirablecombination of genes. The entire procedure could be made more efficient through the use of molecular markers tightly linked to the resistance genes. Selection for the markers in the absence of the pathogen would result in the indirect selection of resistance genes. The expression of the marker is not masked by any epistatic interaction which commonly occurs with resistance genes. Our bean breeding/genetics group at Michigan State University have successfully tagged the Up-2, Ur-3 genes and the gene block B-190 which confer resistance to bean rust. This achievement has been possible through the use of molecular markers known as RAPD' s (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and populations developed through backcrossing. These molecular markers offcr us the opportunity to pyramid rust rcsistance gene s into specific genotypes in the most efficient way. This breeding strategy will ensure the stability of the same resistance genes.
El proceso de difusión para variedades mejoradas de Phaseolus vulgaris L. en Guatemala.
Authors: Baltensweiler Marco
Published: October 2018

A double exponential function provides a good description of this diffusion process. This function was derived from the data concerning the diffusion process of the two improved varieties ICT A-Ostua and ICT ASan Martin V.B. in Guatemala in the years 1990-1992. The two relevant parameters may be interpreted in the following way: Parameter a1 reflects the marginal rate of substitution between the yields obtained from both, the improved and the farmer' s bean varieties. Parameter a2 considers the relationship of the acquisition costs among the two varieties, which are based on the seed price plus the transaction's costs. This concept allows to discern the difficulties faced by the farmers, such as the lack of information of where and when to acquire the improved seed, the delivery costs and so on. Unfortunately, this function no~ only tends to over-estimate the number of farmers who buy the improved seed during the year of maximum demand but al so the time span of this maximum demando A third degree polynome would be more appropiated, but its inter-dependent parameters are more difficult to interptet, in contrast to the easy interpretation of the double exponential function.
Bases fisiológicas del progreso genético en cultivares del Programa Regional de Maíz (PRM).
Authors: Bolaños Jorge
Published: October 2018

The germplasm development has been one of the most outstanding achievements of the PRM (Regional Corn Program). The objective of this test was to understand the physiological basis of genetic gain in the most important corn cultivars from the PRM, by determining the parameters of important physiological, phenological and morphological standards on the elabora-tion of yields. Nine cultivars (5 hybrids and 4 open-pollinated ed varieties OPV's) were evaluated in a Complete Ran-domized block design with 3 replications across 11 diverse environments of the region. The hybrids consistently Clot yielded the OPV' s by 1.0-1.5 t/ha across all the environments. The basis for such differences seemed to rely on the higher daily ear growth-rate of the hybrids (2.7 g/day) than of the OPV's (2.3 g/day). The final yield of each cultivar is the product ofthis efficiency by the grain-filling days. Differences in yield among hybrids and OPV's, as germp1asm groups, depended on the duration of grain-filling and not on the growth-rate of ears. The CB- HS7 and HB-85 hybrids took 6 more days of grain-filling than P- 8916 and H-5. The Sint. Sequia, within the OPV' s, last 3 more days of grain-filling than the others. A large negative relationship was detected between grain-filling lenght and maturity, suggesting that the earlier the genotype, lesser time is invested in producing leaves and more in grain-filling. Consistent with this data, hybrids have a higher harvest index than OPV's. It also suggest that an effective mechanism to increase yield is to extend the grain-filling periodo Current breeding schemes should consider these selec-tion criteria.
Desarrollo del jocote (Spondias purpurea L.) y del cas (Psidium friedrichstlzalianum (Berg.) Niedz) en el bosque húmedo premontano de Costa Rica.
Authors: Baraona Marcia , Rivera German
Published: October 2018

The objetive of this experiment was to study the adaptation of both tree species to agro-ecological conditions and to determine the fruit yield reducing factors. Soil type was a stony andisol. The sour guava experimental plot, consisted of ungrafted trees (15 years old average). Phenological studies have beenconducted and production indexes determined during the last three years. Pest incidence on buds, flowers and fruits was also observed. The heaviest blooming was in March and July, with little variation from year to year. Fruit production was concentrated in March, November and December. All trees reduced fruit production during the dry season. Fruit set varied from 0 to 12% depending on the season and individual tree. The average fruit production was 30 kg/tree, but in better quality soils around the same area yields reached 40 kg/tree. A sample of 200 fruits was evaluated and classified as follows: first class 14%, rejects 26% (because of overripening, fungal infections, trips, crakings and presence of fruit flies' larvae. The spanish plum, "tronador" type, plot was three and one half years old. They were propagated by cuttings, and planted 4x4 meters, and pruned twice a year. Their branches were ringed. The trees bloomed at the end of March, after a defoliation period whieh lasted until the end of May. Prunings at the begining of Marchdelayed blooming and fruit set. Flowers were produced in axilar panicles in variable numbers. Each panicle set one to three fruits. First harvest was at their third year and fruit numbers fluctuated from 20 to 140 fruits per tree. They were pruned during the last-quarter moon. The first two years' shape prunnings were done as tip cuttings. The spanish plum produced more secondary branches when tips were cut oof or branches ringed, and the resulting small branches were the productive ones. The foliage was usually pest free, except for so me aphids and worms. Fruits showed a heavy attack of unknown trip and mite species.
Actividad de Liriomyza huidobrensis de acuerdo a las diversas horas del día y tipos de muestreo en relación a la fenología del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum).
Authors: Gómez Yannery , Rodríguez Carlos
Published: October 2018

The assay was conducted on the northern zone of Cartago, Costa Rica, at an altitude of 2320 masl, from August to November of 1990. The objectives of the trial were: 1- to determine the type of sampling, according to the crop's age, which can be used for monitoring adult populations of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) and 2- to observe the daily activity of L. huidobrensis throughout the day and during one crop's cycle of Solanum tuberosum. The traps used were: entomological net at 90º and 180º, count per minute, greased one gallon plastic jugs and yellows cards at three different heights. There were highly significant differ-ences among all the traps and, each one, helped to forecast particular behaviors of the flies at a given moment. The 180º net captures flies standing on or flying over the crop. The 90º net captures flies from the base to the top of the plant, helping us to forecast their vertical movement on the plant and the count per minute gives us an estimate of the number of flies on the leaves. The yellow cards help us to forecast the fly population at each stratum (high, medium and low) of the potato plant. The largest population of L. huidobrensis was found from the pre-blooming to the blooming stage with the plastic jugs and yellow cards.
Selección de cepas nativas de Rhizobium leguminosarum bv phaseoli eficientes en fijación biológica de nitrógeno en suelos de Costa Rica.
Authors: Mora Floribeth
Published: October 2018

One hundred and thirty one strains of R. leguminosarum bv phaseoli were isolated from different bean producing zones in Costa Rica. The response of its inoculation to the Huasteco Negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bean variety was evaluated under green house conditions. Pots and heat treated soil were used. The seeds inoculation was conducted using a bacterial suspension of 10° ucf/ml, approximately. Besides, anabsolute control (without inoculation, without nitrogen) and a control with nitrogen (+ 140 kg N/ha) were included. The dry weight of the nodules, dry weight of the aerial part and the ureids concentration of the foliar area at the R6 stage ofdevelopment were the measured variables. The plants inoculated with the CR-455, CR-487 and CR-BSA strains showed the largest nodules’ dry weight values. The absolute control showed the lowest dry weight of nodules. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed among so me treatments and the controls. The plants showing the highest foliar dry weight were those inoculated with the CR-482, CR-492, CR- 422 and CR-454 strains. Significant differences (P<0.05) were registered for the ureids concentrations among some treatments and the controls. The plants inoculated with the CR-475, CR- 492 and CR-422, CR-487 and CR-477 strains had the highest ureids concentrations and also showed the largest atmospheric nitrogen fixing capacity under green house conditions. A variation of the atmospheric nitrogen fixing capacity or effectiveness among some Rhizobium strains was observed, when comparing the results with the absolute and nitrogenous controls, which agrees with the bibliography.
Evaluación de cuatro ciclos de selección para resistencia al achaparramiento del maíz en la población 73.
Authors: Aguiluz A. , Navarro E. , Guerra F. , Córdova H. , Oyervides A.
Published: October 2018

Twelve corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars were evaluated under two environments in Central America and one in Mexico in order to determine the genetic progress achieved for resistance to stunting, after four selection cycles of the population 73. The trial included the synthetics from the cycles 0, 1,2,3 and 4, composites from the cycles 2, 3 and 4, three tolerant control s N8-6, Santa Rosa 8073 and the hybrid H-53, and a susceptible control (hybrid 8-833). The percent averages of stunted plants were relatively low (between 10 and 20 %) at the three localities. The cycle 4 synthetic yielded an average (4214 kg/ha) statistically alike to the hybrids 8-833 and H-53 (4288 and 4030 kg/ha, respectively). The cycle 4 synthetic showed the lowest stunting percentage (8.9%), the commercial tolerant variety NB-6 showed 16.2% and the susceptible hybrid (B-833) 22.8%. A lineal regression between yield averages and the selection cycles reveal an average gain per cycle of 149 kg/ha (4.3 % per cycle) and a reduction per cycle of 2% of stunted plants (11 % gain/cycle). It is concluded that the proceedings among S1 lines has been effective in improving the performance of population 73, increasing productivity of grain yield and the stunting resistance.
Calidad de semilla de genotipos isocitoplasmicos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.)
Authors: Pecina Víctor , Navarro Enrique , Williams Héctor , Rodríguez Raúl
Published: October 2018

The production of sorghum hybrids depends almost entirely on one genic-cytoplasmic sterility system (Milo-Kafir, A1 Cytoplasm), therefore its importance in increasing the diversity of the number of male-sterile sources, as the named A2 Cytoplasm. This system was introduced at the Rio Bravo Experiment Station (lNIFAP-CIRNE) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, where ge-netic material and seed production were developed. The objetive was to compare the seed quality ofthe isocytoplasmic genotypes (A1 and A2 cytoplasm). A Completely Radomized Experimental Design with Factorial Arrangement and two replications was used. The results show that there were no differences between the two types of cytoplasm (A1 and A2) for the following quality traits: volumetric weight of seeds, 1000 seeds' weight, germination(G) and seedling dry weight (SDW), through nine months of storage; whereas in vigor (G and SDW after fast aging) the A2 cytoplasm surpassed the Al cytoplasm and the same behavior was observed on the seed harvested at its physiological maturity, while at harvest maturity the Al was superior in G and SDW.