bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fashion Business Cases
Authors: Davis Burns Leslie
Published: August 2021

Fashion Business Cases: A Student Guide to Learning with Case Studies allows students to apply what they are learning in the classroom to real-life situations in the global fashion industry. Adapted from the Bloomsbury Fashion Business Cases (BFBC) online resource, this text will aid instructors in providing high-quality examples from scholars around the world. A mix of introductory, intermediate, and advanced cases ensure that students of all levels can develop the business, communication, and problem-solving skills required of fashion industry professionals. Topics range from corporate social responsibility and sustainable fashion to transparent brand communication and cultural sensitivity. This book is designed to foster critical and ethical thinking as students enter the fashion industry.

Key Features:

- 40 cases studies, of introductory, intermediate, and advanced level

- Learning Objectives and Business Questions included with each case

- An introductory chapter teaching students how to use case studies effectively

- Instructor’s Guide with Teaching Notes
Cataract prevalence following a nationwide policy to shorten wait time for cataract surgery
Authors: Yang Ge , El-Defrawy Sherif , Trope Graham E , Buys Yvonne M , Liu Sophia Y , Jin Ya-Ping
Published: August 2021

Background: Cataract is an age-related eye disease. Visual impairment from cataract can be restored by cataract surgery. In 2004 the Canadian federal government invested in a multibillion dollar wait time strategy to shorten the wait time for cataract surgery, a government-insured health service in all Canadian jurisdictions. We assessed if this nationwide policy reduced the number of Canadians waiting for cataract surgery as more individuals with cataract were free of cataract following the rapidly conducted surgery.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study we analyzed data from randomly selected individuals aged greater than or equal to 45 years responding to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) in 2000/2001, 2003, 2005, and the CCHS Healthy Aging in 2008/2009. Information on cataract was obtained from self-reported questionnaire. The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of cataract was calculated for comparisons.

Results: Cataract was reported by 0.93 million Canadians in 2000/2001, 0.99 million in 2003, 1.10 million in 2005, and 1.34 million in 2008/2009. This corresponds to an age- and sex-standardized prevalence of 8.9% in 2000/2001, 9.0% in 2003, 9.5% in 2005, and 10.2% (P <0.05) in 2008/2009. The increase in age- and sex-standardized prevalence was greater in individuals without secondary school graduation than those with secondary school graduation or higher (4.3% versus 1.3%, P < 0.05) and was seen in all Canadian provinces. The largest increase was documented in a province (Saskatchewan, from 9.8% in 2000/2001 to 12.6% in 2008/2009, P < 0.05) with the longest median wait times for cataract surgery (118 days in 2008) and the lowest number of ophthalmologists per 100,000 population (1.96 versus 3.35 national average).

Conclusions: The age- and sex-standardized prevalence of cataract increased 4-5 years after the multibillion-dollar wait time strategy was launched in 2004. A lower threshold to diagnose cataract may be one potential reason for this finding. Further research is needed to understand the true reasons for the increase.

How to cite this article: Yang G, El-Defrawy S, Trope GE, Buys YM, Liu SY, Jin YP. Cataract prevalence following a nationwide policy to shorten wait time for cataract surgery. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2021 Summer; 10(2): 86-94. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdiophthal1426
Modified capsulorhexis for fluid-filled mature cataracts
Authors: Ghoneim Ehab M.
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a modified capsulorhexis technique featuring a new maneuver for the removal of subcortical fluid in fluid-filled mature cataracts to avoid high intralenticular pressure.

Methods: This prospective interventional study included 33 eyes with mature cataracts and evidence of subcapsular fluid spaces by slit lamp examination.  For each patient, 20% mannitol was administered intravenously according to the bodyweight 1 h preoperatively. Under peribulbar anesthesia, a 2.2-mm main incision was made, and the anterior chamber was filled with a dispersive ophthalmic viscosurgical device. Using a bent-tip cystotome, a 2-mm curved incision was made in the center of the anterior capsule, which released subcortical fluid and was drained through compression of the posterior lip of the main incision using a spatula. Then, fine gentle milking in all quadrants around the puncture on the anterior lens capsule from the periphery toward the site of puncture using the blunt-edged spatula further assists drainage of subcortical fluid and breaks fine septa inside the lens to remove fluid from intralenticular fluid pocket collections.

Results: The study included 15 (45.5%) men and 18 (54.5%) women with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of age of 63.2 ± 5.33 and 64.4 ± 6.21 years, respectively. The modified capsulorhexis technique was performed for 33 intumescent cataracts. Capsulorhexis was completed in all cases; capsulorhexis was easy in 31 (94%) eyes and difficult in 2 (6%) eyes. In the two difficult cases, radial extension occurred in one eye, and it was retrieved using the Little technique; the other case with radial tear was completed successfully using a retinal micro scissor from the other edge of the capsulorhexis until reaching an oval, continuous capsulorhexis.

Conclusions: This modified capsulorhexis technique with compression on the posterior lip of the main incision and capsule milking allowed for a safe, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm our preliminary results.

How to cite this article: Ghoneim EM. Modified capsulorhexis for fluid-filled mature cataracts. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2021 Summer; 10(2): 17-24. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry1422
Labour, waste and the circular economy in Bangkok
Authors:   Stockholm Environment Institute, Archer Diane , Adelina Charrlotte
Published: August 2021

Without the informal economy, there would be no waste recycling in most Asian cities. In many Asian countries, waste management systems are underdeveloped, with the informal economy dominating the processes of waste collection, sorting and recycling. In this short report, we present preliminary findings from our survey of 34 waste pickers in Bangkok. The report sheds light on their working conditions, health risks, gendered dimensions and the challenges they face in waste recycling.
Computational studies of anti-cancer Aurein peptides
Authors:   , Manhas Neha
Published: August 2021

Peptide folding is a very complicated and dynamic process taking place in all living systems. The understanding of a bioactive conformation of the peptides is very important to understand their biological functions and underlying mechanism of action. However, the high flexible nature of peptides makes this process difficult as they can adopt thousands of conformations within the fraction of a second. The usage of experimental techniques in the characterization process is also limited due to several associated complications including synthesis, isolation and crystallization of peptides. The present computational methodologies, on the other hand, are solid enough to provide detailed complementary information about the intrinsic conformational features of peptides by mimicking their physiological conditions. In the present work, molecular dynamics (MD) computational method was used to explore the configurational space of three Aurein peptides, namely Aurein 2.3, Aurein 2.4 and Aurein 2.5. These peptides are secreted by the amphibian skin when they are exposed to external stimuli. These peptides have been reported to possess anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activity with minimum resistance compared to the available drugs. However, despite their medicinal significance, the precise three dimensional structures of Aurein 2.4 and Aurein 2.5 are not as yet known. First, a validation study was performed on Aurein 2.3 to check the efficiency of the computational protocol. The results obtained revealed the presence of -helicity in all residues of the Aurein 2.3, in accordance with its experimental structure. A similar protocol was further used to explore the conformational profiles of the remaining two peptides (Aurein 2.4 and Aurein 2.5) under implicit and explicit solvent conditions. The results obtained revealed that both these peptides exhibit -helical character in all residues although in varying percentages. The -helical region in the case of Aurein 2.4 was localized predominantly in the central residues extending towards its N-terminal residues, whereas it was flanked by N-terminal and the central residues in Aurein 2.5. However, -helicity was completely absent in the explicit solvents, and the peptides preferred to stay either in -turns or extended forms. Hence, the present work provides comprehensive information about the conformational preferences of Aurein peptides which could lead to a better understanding of their native conformations for future investigations and point the way towards developing their new agonists.
Comparison of packed school lunches of boys and girls in primary schools in East London
Authors:   , Wilkinson Jeanne
Published: August 2021

Objective: To determine the contribution of packed school lunches to the daily food intake of girls and boys in two Primary Schools in East London. Methods: The study was conducted among 199 girls and boys aged 9-13 years. Three 24-Hour recalls and a Food Frequency Questionnaire were completed during an interview with the participants to gather data on dietary patterns over a period of three consecutive days. Additionally, the contents of one lunch box per participant were recorded and weighed. Anthropometrics and socio-demographics were also completed during the interview. Results: The three 24-Hour Recall nutrient measurements revealed a low energy intake in 91 percent for the girls and 77 percent for the boys who were consuming below the recommended Estimated Energy Requirement for energy. The lunchboxes contributed one-third of the daily nutrient intake of the children. The 24-Hour recall revealed an energy-dense, carbohydrate-based diet. The contribution of total fat (30-32%) to the total energy is higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 15-30 percent. The daily fruit and vegetable intake (215.1g and 216.9g), according to the 24-Hour recall and lunchbox analysis respectively, was insufficient compared to the WHO-recommendation of >400g /day. Although the mean intake of most of the nutrients was sufficient, a large number of the participants did not meet requirements for the age group. The risk of overweight was high (24% for girls and 29.2% for boys) with 1.5 percent falling into the obese category. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a high-fat and carbohydrate intake and a very low fruit and vegetable intake. The girl participants had better food choices for the lunchboxes but the majority of the participant’s daily intake did not meet the basic requirements of a balanced diet. The risk of overweight in the age category is an increasing problem among low- and high-income countries. Nutritional education should concentrate on healthy food choices in school lunchboxes as a large part of the day is spent at school.
Un chistoso de aldea
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Acosta de Samper Soledad , Alzate Carolina
Published: August 2021

"Justo, campanero de Guaduas, es un personaje entrañable con quien el lector sufre y se ríe, o sostiene el aliento. Porque Un chistoso de aldea, además de una historia de la Independencia, es también una novela de aventuras, de suspenso y de amor. En todos estos sentidos alcanza maestría la autora. Esta edición quiere poner en manos del amplio público la obra de una autora que para muchos es casi desconocida pero que tiene un lugar eminente en la literatura colombiana. Un chistoso de aldea es una ventana a nuestra historia y, sin duda alguna, el lector la disfrutará". Tomado del prólogo de Carolina Alzate
CPB High-Speed Optical Data Buses for Microprocessor Systems
Authors: Ахманов А.С. , Соколов В.И. , Панченко В.Я.
Published: August 2021

Рассмотрены вопросы формирования оптического интерконнекта между СБИС на печатных платах с использованием фторсодержащих полимерных материалов. Обсуждаются различные аспекты технологии УФ-фотолитографии для создания полимерных волноводов. Приводятся результаты исследований, направленных на формирование высокоскоростной оптической шины передачи данных для микропроцессорных вычислительных систем (суперЭВМ) с использованием массивов полимерных волноводов на печатной плате.

The study deals with the optical interconnect between VLSIs on a PCB with fluorine-containing polymers. Various aspects of the UF photolithography for making polymer waveguides are discussed. The results of the research aimed at making a highspeed optical data bus for SoC (supercomputers) with PCB polymer waveguide arrays.
Применение метода максимальной энтропии к временным рядам, получаемым в реальном времени в рамках нестационарной теории функционала плотности
Authors: Zempo Y. , Kano S.S.
Published: August 2021

The maximum entropy method is one of the key techniques for spectral analysis. The main feature is to describe spectra in low frequency with short timeseries data. We adopted the maximum entropy method to analyze the spectrum from the dipole moment obtained by the timedependent density functional theory calculation in real time, which is intensively studied and applied to computing optical properties. In the maximum entropy method analysis, we proposed that we use the concatenated data set made from severaltimes repeated raw data together with the phase. We have applied this technique to spectral analysis of the dynamic dipole moment obtained from timedependent density functional theory dipole moment of several molecules such as oligofluorene with n = 8. As a result, the higher resolution can be obtained without any peak shift due to the phase jump. The peak position is in good agreement to that of FT with just raw data. This paper presents the efficiency and characteristic features of this technique.

Метод максимальной энтропии — один из основных в спектральном анализе. Его главная особенность — описание низкочастотных спектров короткими временными рядами данных. Авторы применили метод максимальной энтропии для анализа спектров дипольного момента, полученных расчетами в реальном времени по нестационарной теории функционала плотности. Данный вопрос интенсивно изучается и находит практическое применение при расчетах оптических свойств. При анализе методом максимальной энтропии предложено использовать объединенные наборы данных, включающие несколько повторяющихся последовательностей исходных данных с учетом фазы. Данный метод был применен при проведении спектрального анализа динамического дипольного момента, рассчитанного по нестационарной теории функционала плотности на основе дипольного момента нескольких молекул — в частности, молекул олигофлуорена при n = 8. В итоге удалось повысить разрешение без смещения максимумов из-за скачка фазы. Положение максимумов хорошо согласуется с результатами применения преобразования Фурье к необработанным исходным данным. В настоящей статье представлены особенности данного метода и показатели его эффективности.
A predictive model for salt nanoparticle formation using heterodimer stability calculations
Authors: Chee Sabrina , Barsanti Kelley , Smith James N. , Myllys Nanna
Published: August 2021

Abstract. Acid–base clusters and stable salt formation are critical drivers of new particle formation events in the atmosphere. In this study, we explore salt heterodimer (a cluster of one acid and one base) stability as a function of gas-phase acidity, aqueous-phase acidity, heterodimer proton transference, vapor pressure, dipole moment and polarizability for salts comprised of sulfuric acid, methanesulfonic acid and nitric acid with nine bases. The best predictor of heterodimer stability was found to be gas-phase acidity. We then analyzed the relationship between heterodimer stability and J4×4, the theoretically predicted formation rate of a four-acid, four-base cluster, for sulfuric acid salts over a range of monomer concentrations from 105 to 109 molec cm−3 and temperatures from 248 to 348 K and found that heterodimer stability forms a lognormal relationship with J4×4. However, temperature and concentration effects made it difficult to form a predictive expression of J4×4. In order to reduce those effects, heterodimer concentration was calculated from heterodimer stability and yielded an expression for predicting J4×4 for any salt, given approximately equal acid and base monomer concentrations and knowledge of monomer concentration and temperature. This parameterization was tested for the sulfuric acid–ammonia system by comparing the predicted values to experimental data and was found to be accurate within 2 orders of magnitude. We show that one can create a simple parameterization that incorporates the dependence on temperature and monomer concentration on J4×4 by defining a new term that we call the normalized heterodimer concentration, Φ. A plot of J4×4 vs. Φ collapses to a single monotonic curve for weak sulfate salts (difference in gas-phase acidity >95 kcal mol−1) and can be used to accurately estimate J4×4 within 2 orders of magnitude in atmospheric models.
RADIv1: a non-steady-state early diagenetic model for ocean sediments in Julia and MATLAB/GNU Octave
Authors: Sulpis Olivier , Humphreys Matthew , Wilhelmus Monica , Carroll Dustin , Berelson William , Menemenlis Dimitris , Middelburg Jack , Adkins Jess
Published: August 2021

Abstract. We introduce a time-dependent, one-dimensional model of early diagenesis that we term RADI, an acronym accounting for the main processes included in the model: chemical Reactions, Advection, molecular and bio-Diffusion, and bio-Irrigation. RADI is targeted for study of deep-sea sediments, in particular those containing calcium carbonates (CaCO3). RADI combines CaCO3 dissolution driven by organic matter degradation with a diffusive boundary layer and integrates state-of-the-art parameterizations of CaCO3 dissolution kinetics in seawater, thus serving as a link between mechanistic surface-reaction modelling and global-scale biogeochemical models. RADI also includes CaCO3 precipitation, providing a continuum between CaCO3 dissolution and precipitation. RADI integrates components rather than individual chemical species for accessibility and is straightforward to compare against measurements. RADI is the first diagenetic model implemented in Julia, a high-performance programming language that is free and open source, and it is also available in MATLAB/GNU Octave. Here, we first describe the scientific background behind RADI and its implementations. Then, we evaluate its performance in three selected locations and explore other potential applications, such as the influence of tides and seasonality on early diagenesis in the deep ocean. RADI is a powerful tool to study the time-transient and steady-state response of the sedimentary system to environmental perturbation, such as deep-sea mining, deoxygenation or acidification events.
Paulo Emílio e Os filmes na cidade (1966)
Authors: Morato Zanatto Rafael
Published: August 2021

No presente artigo, realizaremos a remontagem e interpretação das anotações e manuscritos do historiador brasileiro de cinema Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes para o curso Os filmes na cidade (1966), no qual analisa a história do Brasil no século XIX em busca da gênese de um estado de subdesenvolvimento imanente à fisionomia do cinema brasileiro. No curso, Paulo Emílio investiga o século XIX em busca de exemplos para explicar na longa duração a persistência de aspectos econômicos, psicológicos, sociais e culturais que serão decisivos em sua interpretação da história do cinema brasileiro, marcada pelo subdesenvolvimento.

Palavras-Chave: Paulo Emílio; história do Brasil; cinema brasileiro; subdesenvolvimento
Rebranded Philosophy of History
Authors: Rebello Cardoso Júnior Helio
Published: August 2021

This article focuses on the one of the many outcomes of the so-called rebranded philosophy of history, namely, the continuity-discontinuity issue. Eelco Runia’s, Noël Bonneuil’s and Paul A. Roth’s conceptions of historical time will be analyzed as representative of this subject in the landscape of the theory of history from 2010 on. The authors sampled not only provide the evidence that historical discontinuity remains alive as a theoretical and historiographical challenge, but they also disclose different arrays to think the relationship among past, present, and future, and historical transformation. The concepts of historical time analyzed recall Foucault’s discontinuously-base model of thinking historical time and add to it different varieties of historical discontinuity. Moreover, the continuity-discontinuity issue in the new backdrop involves operation of translating time into space (spatialization of time). As a result, the discontinuously-based model of historical time’s main characteristics will be summarized and its strength as a heuristic tool for further analyses of the concepts of historical time is outlined.
ponto da crítica de Wilhelm Dilthey às filosofias especulativas da História no Livro I da Introdução às Ciências do Espírito
Authors: José Santini da Silva Guilherme
Published: August 2021

Empossado na cadeira que pertencera a Hegel na Universidade de Berlim, Wilhelm Dilthey escreve sua Introdução às Ciências do Espírito (1883). Em seu Livro I, ele disserta sobre as filosofias da História para explicitar ao leitor o que faltava ao conhecimento histórico para que viesse a adquirir sua plena justificação epistemológica. Dilthey distingue as filosofias da História em três tipos, elencando seus principais autores e teses, e especifica quais são seus equívocos e lacunas, as quais se reduzem a um ponto determinante. O presente artigo se propõe a elucidar, pelo exame do texto citado, a crítica de Wilhelm Dilthey às filosofias da História: precisamente, qual é o ponto de sua crítica. Trata-se de um estudo que extrai sua validade do mérito intelectual intrínseco à crítica em questão, cujos desdobramentos epistemológicos são úteis ainda hoje, e também de sua importância histórica, na medida em que a crítica de Dilthey às filosofias especulativas da História significa um momento originário das chamadas filosofias críticas da História.
A FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF RESWITCHING
Authors: García Iborra Rafael
Published: August 2021

The classical Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT) is based on an inverse relationship between the so-called Average Period of Production (APP) or ‘roundaboutness’ and the interest rate. According to Böhm-Bawerk (1884 [1891]), the APP is the weighted average time that a unit of labor is locked up in the production process1; moreover, there is a positive relationship between savings (the ‘subsistence fund’) and the APP: the higher the latter the higher the former, which implies an inverse relationship between interest rates and the APP. Thus, a lower interest rate will lead to a higher APP ceteris paribus.
Hayek (2008) based his Hayekian triangles on Böhm-Bawerk’s work: a lower (higher) interest rate leads to a more (less) rounda- bout structure of production, increasing (decreasing) the APP. Including Mises’s (1921) business cycle theory into the analysis, whenever the interest rate is pushed lower than its ‘natural level’, either by the central bank or the banking system, there is an unsus- tainable extension of the APP that will generate an economic boom; the crisis will irremediably follow, as the APP will pull back towards its natural level.
From this brief characterization of the ABCT, it is easy to notice the key role of the inverse relationship between interest rates and roundaboutness; without it, there is no connection from changes in interest rates and roundaboutness, and the ABCT falls apart. The reswitching of techniques is precisely a counterexample to that relationship, as it claims there are situations in which lower interest rates do not lead to more roundabout productive struc- tures.
The organization of this paper is as follows: the next section describes the reswitching of techniques as stated by Samuelson (1966) and the implication for the classical ABCT, based on a phys- ical measure of roundaboutness; section 3 analyzes the alternative of applying corporate finance to the ABCT following Cachanosky and Lewin (2014). Section 4 is a financial analysis of Samuelson’s example, argues why modified duration should replace Böhm- Bawerk’s APP as a measure of roundaboutness, and shows why it does not represent a paradox to the ABCT when the financial approach is used. Sections 5 and 6 address the question from two additional perspectives: a neoclassical with fully flexible prices but fixed techniques and the Austrian related dynamic efficiency.
EL PREMIO DE LA PLATA: LA PRIMA DE RIESGO DEL SIGLO XVII
Authors: Hernán-Pérez Aguilera Jaime
Published: August 2021

En el verano de 2012, en plena crisis de deuda soberana en la UE, el entonces gobernador del BCE, Mario Draghi, lanzó un mensaje para calmar a los mercados financieros: “The ECB is ready to do whatever it takes to preserve the euro.” En el fondo estaba transmi- tiendo que si era necesario crear dinero de la nada o expandir arti- ficialmente la masa monetaria, se haría, o lo que es lo mismo, si había que manipular el dinero, se haría. Desde el origen de los pri- meros imperios, y con la creación de los estados modernos, la manipulación del dinero en beneficio de la acción política ha sido un recurso que los políticos no han dudado en utilizar. Los Empe- radores Romanos, Enrique VIII de Inglaterra o Felipe IV de España, muchos gobernantes manipularon el dinero, esperando con ello solucionar sus problemas financieros. Sin embargo, lo único que consiguieron fue inflación, destrucción de la actividad económica y un agravamiento de la crisis que pretendían solucionar.
La intervención del gobierno de la monarquía sobre la moneda con una finalidad fiscal fue un arbitrio profusamente utilizado en Castilla durante la época de gobierno de la Casa de Austria, espe- cialmente en los reinados de Felipe III y Felipe IV. En estos años confluyen el auge del absolutismo político con las cada vez más acuciantes necesidades de la Monarquía Hispánica, que se desan- graba desde el punto de vista financiero como consecuencia del monumental esfuerzo que suponía el mantenimiento de los frentes bélicos en el norte de Europa. Para financiar la política imperial, la Corona recurrió a todo tipo de arbitrios que le permitiesen incre- mentar sus ingresos, y en ese contexto se incardinan las manipula- ciones monetarias del siglo XVII, que han sido, quizás, uno de los rasgos que mejor definen la llamada Decadencia o crisis castellana del siglo XVII.
El continuo intervencionismo del gobierno sobre el dinero des- truyó el sistema monetario imposibilitando la fijación de precios, el cálculo económico y el libre ejercicio de la función empresarial. Los agricultores y artesanos, comerciantes e incluso los hombres de negocios vieron cómo las señales que emplea el mercado para decidir sobre dónde y cuándo invertir fueron manipuladas al ser- vicio de una política del gobierno. Las consecuencias de la mani- pulación del dinero, primero en forma de una elevada inflación, y después con la aparición del premio de la plata, terminaron por agravar aún más la crisis de la economía del siglo XVII.
INTRINSIC OR EXTRINSIC DISCIPLINE: CASE STUDY OF PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Masood Ahmad, Toheed Qamar, Nusrat Nawaz Abbasi
Published: August 2021

Discipline is a major component in school for the promotion of quality education and responsible citizen for society. The major purpose of the study was to explored intrinsic or extrinsic discipline in schools at secondary level; to compare the results by locality, gender and grade wise. The province of Punjab was divided into three (north, central, southern) zones. Sample was selected from 2304 schools by equal ratio from each zone. Self-constructed instrument on five point likert scale having 50 items was used to collect data from schools. Instrument sent to eight research experts for validation, then the instrument considered final for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistic used for data analysis. The study concluded that discipline practiced at public secondary schools was intrinsic in nature and the condition of discipline in schools was satisfactory. Significant difference observed in boys and girls students’ opinions; female schools were more disciplined as compared to male. The results reveal significant difference in rural and urban students’ opinions; rural schools were more disciplined as compared to urban. There was also significant difference in the opinions of 9th and 10th grade respondents, 10th grade was more disciplined as compared to 9th grade
IMPEDIMENTS TO WOMEN HIGHER EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN: A CASE STUDY OF DISTRICT CHITRAL
Authors: Ihtisham Uddin, Ahmad Raza Khan, Fauzia Ghani
Published: August 2021

Education is a holistic approach for peace, progress and bringing change in a society. Women equipped with higher education play a significant role in development of a country. The socio-economic and political uplift of a society largely depends on women higher education. Almost all the developed countries of the world give equal attention and consideration to boys as well as girls education; however higher education in underdeveloped states including Pakistan is the most neglected sector. In developing countries including Pakistan one of the major causes of lagging behind economically and socially is absence of technically qualified and highly educated women. Since its inception Pakistan has faced many serious issues in education sector and the education system has failed to deliver to the aspirations of the people. However, literacy rate in Pakistan since 2014 has sustainably increased from 56 percent to 59 percent, however the ratio and proportion of girls is 43 percent as compared to boy’s 57 percent which is still a matter of serious concern. The status of women education varies in rural urban division in Pakistan. Situated just across the borders of Afghanistan Chitral is the northern-most district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Because of its topology and geographic location Chitral is isolated from the rest of Pakistan. The socio-economic sector of the area was largely ignored in the past, due to which the living condition of people are extremely poor. Among the population of 4 lakhs almost 36 percent of the population live below the poverty line according to a baseline survey (ICUN). Although the ratio of education in Chitral is high comparatively in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, but still women face substantial challenges and hurdles in higher education. Women education in primary and secondary level is slightly better than higher education level. Women face many hurdles and issues because of socio-cultural taboos, financial constraints, negative perception of co-education and lack of facilities in in higher education sector. This paper will discuss and highlight the status of women education in Chitral, problem faced by NGOs working for higher education, impediments to women higher education and will suggest recommendation for a better way forward
THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE OF A TEACHER ON THE PRESCHOOLER’S EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zainab Akram, Khadija Karim, Hafsa Karim
Published: August 2021

Environment, a multi-denotation term, covers the emotional, physical, and the behavioral realms of social setup. The preschool is an inevitably unavoidable step in the academic journey, which is responsible for foundational solidarity, effective learning, career and personality development. Both productive physical environment and behavioral sustainability are required for quality learning. Teacher and pupil relation counts a lot in the emotional development of preschoolers. This research is a qualitative study which focuses on the role teachers’ play in the emotional development of preschoolers. For this purpose, 16 checklist items from Godwin (2000) are adapted and distributed among 50 teachers from five various private and semi private schools in Quetta city. Interviews were also conducted from 10 teachers’ in order to understand the perceptions of teachers regarding understanding of expression and emotional regulation. The results of questionnaires and interviews were descriptively analyzed. It is found that the emotional attitude of preschool teachers impacts the emotional development of preschoolers. Teachers with expressive care along with effective teaching leads to improved students’ emotional development as well as quality learning
ASSESSMENT PRACTICES IN FOUR YEARS TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Authors: Afshan Huma, Anjum Akhtar
Published: August 2021

It was aimed and claimed during the teacher education curriculum reform in Pakistan 2010, that formative and summative assessment and evaluation will be improvised at teacher education institutions, to meet the quality of teacher education programs. The study at hand was conducted in two provinces of Pakistan to review the assessment practices within new four years teacher education programs offered between 2010 - 2018 in two provinces –Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Teachers, students and heads of the institutions were included in the sample of study. Mixed method research design was opted to explore the practices and difference among institutional practices. The findings of the study revealed that Teacher Education Institutions in Punjab practiced more of the modern assessment techniques and yielded better results than Teacher Education Institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was further revealed that Teacher Education Institutions in Private sector practiced formative assessment better than Teacher Education Institutions in the Public sector; while the institutions in public sector were focused more on summative assessment technique. It was concluded that the institutions focusing on modern and formative assessment stemmed into better learning opportunities provided to prospective teachers as compared to the institutions practicing only traditional and summative assessment techniques.
STRATEGI WANITA RAWAN SOSIAL EKONOMI (WRSE) SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN HIDUP (Studi di Kelurahan Punggaloba, Kecamatan Kendari Barat, Kota Kendari)
Authors: Dewiyanti Dewiyanti , Bahtiar Bahtiar , Yusuf Bakri
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the strategies undertaken by women who are prone to socio-economics (WRSE) in Punggaloba Village and to determine the inhibiting factors for women who are prone to socio-economics (WRSE) in an effort to meet the needs of life in Pungggaloba Village. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection technique was done by means of observation, interview and documentation with 7 WRSE informants in Punggaloba Village. The results of the research on the strategies carried out by WRSE in Punggaloba Village utilized their own WRSE skills and established small businesses to support all the needs in the family or the WRSE itself. And the inhibiting factor for WRSE is the lack of knowledge or education possessed by a WRSE because some of them have only graduated from junior high school, and most of them do not get assistance from the government which makes WRSE in Punggaloba Village, they have to struggle to meet their daily needs.
DAMPAK PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH BAHAN BERBAHAYA DAN BERACUN (B3) TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT DESA LAKARDOWO KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Wardani Yoelanda Ananta Dhevi , Rusli Muhammad , Upe Ambo
Published: August 2021

The research aims to determine the impact of hazardous and toxic waste substances (B3) disposal toward the social welfare in Lakardowo village Mojokerto. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection that used is by observation, interview and documentation with 10 people in Lakardowo village. The result of this research is the impact of hazardous and toxic waste substances (B3) disposal toward social welfarestarting from material, social and spiritual, such as reducing the income that hit the majority society as a farmer in Lakardowo village which feel the damage in their agricultural land and increasing the cost of living for clean water. The emerge of Dermatitis or itchy disease that mostly attacks children body as a result of using well water or water sources in Lakardowo village. The rise of conflict between two camps in the society that causing the reduce of spiritual activities and also customs, which make the social welfare in Lakardowo village unfulfilled.
Solid strain based finite element implemented in ABAQUS for static and dynamic plate analysis
Authors: Lazhar Derradji , Toufik Maalem , Tarek Merzouki , Abderraouf Messai
Published: August 2021

An existing robust three dimensional finite element based on the strain approach is presented. This element is implemented, for the first time in the commercial computer code ABAQUS, by using the subroutine (UEL), for the static and dynamic analysis of isotropic plates, whatever thin or thick. It is Baptised SBH8 (Strain Based Hexahedral with 8 nodes) and has the advantage to overcome the problems involved in numerical locking, when the thickness of the plate tends towards the smallest values. The implementation is justified by the capacities broader than offers this code, especially, in the free frequencies computation. The results obtained by the present element are better than those given by elements used by ABAQUS code and the other elements found in the literature, having the same number of nodes.
Microstructural, elemental, mechanical and structural attributes of AA1100/17-4 PH stainless steel composites fabricated via friction stir processing
Authors: Marazani Tawanda , Akinlabi Esther. T. , Madyira Daniel. M. , Majumdar Jyotsna. D. , Pal Surjya. K.
Published: August 2021

A 100% overlap double pass friction stir process technique was developed for the fabrication of AA1100/17-4 PH stainless steel composites, using an H13 tool steel cylindrical threaded pin with shoulder diameter of 21 mm, pin diameter of 7 mm and pin height of 5 mm. Grooves of 2 mm width and 3.5 mm depth were machined on the 6 mm thick AA1100 plate, where the 17-4 PH stainless steel powder was packed and compacted using a pinless tool. Friction stir processing was conducted at rotational speeds of 2100, 2450 and 2800 rpm, while the travel speed of 20 mm/min, tilt angle of 2.5° and plunge depth of 0.2 mm, were kept constant. Investigations were carried out on the microstructure, elemental composition, and tensile testing and microhardness as well as structural analysis using X-ray diffraction. Defect-free micrographs with good mechanical and metallurgical connections were obtained from all the employed process parameters. However, agglomeration of reinforcements became noticeable at 2450 and 2800 rpm. Uniform distribution of reinforcements were observed at 2100 rpm. Elemental analysis confirmed matrix and reinforcements blending and mixing. Superior SZ hardness of as high as 4 times that of the base metal were achieved, while ultimate tensile strength properties with joint efficiencies as high as 97.29% were attained at 2450 rpm. However, the percentage elongation of the fabricated samples dropped by around 10% due to the reinforcements-induced hardness. Nonetheless, the fabrications retained superior mechanical properties. All the X-ray diffractograms had 5 intense peaks with different phases and crystal planes. However, an Al syn (111) crystal plane was common to all diffractograms at around 39° 2θ range. The obtained crystallite sizes of as small as 4 nm revealed the attainment of ultrafine grains, while the observed high dislocation densities and micro strains gave an indication that the fabricated AA1100/17-4 PH stainless steel composite is of high strength.
Stress intensity factor computation of inclined cracked tension plate using XFEM
Authors: Zeleke Migbar Assefa , Dintwa Edward , Nwaigwe Kevin N.
Published: August 2021

One of the major successes in the field of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) is the groundwork of the stress intensity factor (SIF) computation. The approaches used to carry out SIF values may be analytical, semi-analytical, experimental or numerical. Each one of the above methods has its own benefits however the use of numerical solutions has become the most frequent and popular. Numerous schemes for the numerical computation of SIF have been developed, the J-integral method being the most popular one. In this article we examine the SIFs of an edge cracked two dimensional (2-D) steel plate subjected to tensile loading. Extended finite element (XFEM) computational scheme has been employed to estimate the values of SIF. The SIF values of cracks with different lengths and inclination angles (different configurations) have been examined by utilizing the domain based interaction integral approach. The effect of crack inclination and crack position on SIFs (KI and KII) has also been studied. The results obtained in this study were compared with those from literature and theoretical values and observed that they are in close agreement.
Essa voz é nossa! Estudos e pesquisas sobre mulheres e feminismos
Authors: Andrade Anne Graça de Sousa , Porfírio Djully da Silva , Aguiar Sarah Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Esse livro tem como objetivo dar voz às mulheres nos diferentes contextos que vivem. Fruto do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Mulheres e Feminismos- GEMEF vinculado ao Curso de Psicologia da Faculdade Luciano Feijão- FLF localizada em Sobral-CE foi escrito por professoras, graduandas, mães e MULHERES, no entanto é destinado à todos que possuem interesse de conhecer e se juntar a essa aldeia feminista em prol da igualdade de gênero e enfrentamento à qualquer tipo de preconceito. Todas as pesquisas possuem rigor técnico e ético e foram elaboradas a partir de afetamentos e vivências das integrantes do referido grupo. A leitura possibilita uma mudança de olhar no paradigma do que é ser mulher na atualidade, além de provocar engajamento na luta contra o sexismo, confirmando a afirmativa de que “a mulher pode ser o ela quiser!”
Simulación de colchoneta que alterna puntos de apoyo para pacientes con movilidad reducida
Authors: Gómez Ariza Diana , Melo Cajamarca Luisa
Published: August 2021

La movilidad reducida representa un importante problema de salud, facilita el desarrollo de enfermedades en el paciente y eleva los costos del sistema sanitario. Esto, debido a que aumenta el tiempo de hospitalización, la demanda de horas de enfermería para estar girando al paciente y curando las heridas, la prescripción de antisépticos y antibióticos, entre otros. Desde 2003 hasta 2010 el Ministerio de la Protección Social en Colombia gastó 22.797.600.000 pesos colombianos en pacientes con discapacidad, de los cuales una cantidad significativa fue destinado a las personas con movilidad reducida. Una ayuda factible para estos pacientes es la disminución de presión en sus puntos de apoyo cuando están acostados o sentados, por medio de una colchoneta que alterne dichos puntos mediante un sistema de inflado-desinflado de cilindros, redistribuyendo periódicamente la presión, imitando el efecto de los movimientos espontáneos para conservar la perfusión tisular. Este artículo expone una simulación del sistema colchón-paciente a través de un software que reduce diseño, tiempo y costos, disminuye la cantidad de prototipos de prueba antes de iniciar con una línea de producción y ayuda con estudios de calidad y seguridad de nuevos diseños, generando resultados con alto nivel de confiabilidad.
Tecnología móvil 5G
Authors: Batista Fuentes Moises , Díaz Ibáñez Eliana
Published: August 2021

A través de las generaciones, la tecnología ha permitido avanzar y brindar sus maravillosos beneficios. Para la vida cotidiana abre una brecha para ofrecernos aún más beneficios. El objetivo de este artículo es describir una propuesta para la tecnología móvil, a saber, la llamada 5G que permitirá mostrar al mundo avances como la realidad aumentada (RA), la realidad virtual (RV), las ciudades inteligentes y la gran innovación del Internet of Things (IoT).
Uso de la resina poliéster en el diseño de un exoesqueleto pasivo de extremidad inferior
Authors: Tierradentro Cruz Jorge , Rodríguez Diego
Published: August 2021

El estudio de nuevos materiales para el diseño de exoesqueletos está siendo evaluado debido al alto costo de los materiales con que actualmente se fabrican. Los exoesqueletos pasivos no necesitan de ningún motor o controlador lo cual facilita su construcción y accesibilidad pero la mayoría de diseños son construidos en aluminio o fibra de carbono, materiales de difícil acceso para el público de bajos recursos. En el presente artículo se describirá la posibilidad de encontrar si la resina poliéster combinada con los materiales fique, cáñamo y fibra de vidrio, puede mejorar sus propiedades mecánicas de tracción, a su vez, de flexión y así poder utilizarlo en la construcción de un exoesqueleto pasivo de miembro inferior. Para ello, se realiza una caracterización de cada material y se analizan los resultados comparando los datos base en el modelo matemático planteado para el diseño de un exoesqueleto pasivo pie-pantorrilla.
Metodologías innovadoras para el diseño de nuevos proyectos de Emprendimiento de Base Tecnológica (EBT)
Authors: Farfán Juanias Oscar , Pérez Navarrete Karen
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo tiene como fin proponer una metodología para la creación y formulación de proyectos de emprendimientos de base tecnologías (EBT) esta metodología fue desarrollada con base a metodologías agiles y tradicionales ya existentes, para ello se mostrará como la industria ha venido evolucionando desde la primera revolución industrial o 1.0 hasta la llamada industria 4.0, o cuarta revolución industrial. También analizaremos temas como modelos empresariales, competencias de un emprendedor, el entorno colombiano y la innovación en modelos de negocios. El modelo propuesto consiste en la adaptación de diversas metodologías y modelos ya existentes que se conectaran para crear una ruta de creación de EBT, es importante aprender a combinar estas en una sola metodología ya que las metodologías agiles nos permiten tomar decisiones rápidas, involucrar al cliente en el proceso, eliminación de tareas innecesarias y una mayor efectividad, sin embargo, este tipo de metodologías presenta fallas como por ejemplo, dependen mucho del liderazgo o de un jefe del proyecto, la documentación es muy mínima y cuando no se encuentra una solución rápidamente se tiende a crear un ciclo de repeticiones, en este punto es donde las metodologías tradicionales juegan un papel importante ya que estas gracias a que su modelo es estandarizado basan su desarrollo en la organización y la planeación de distintas actividades a lo largo del tiempo, así mismo su parte documental tiende a ser muy organizada y desarrollada.