bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fugitive Borders
Authors: Sawallisch Nele
Published: December 2018

Fugitive Borders explores a new archive of 19th-century autobiographical writing by black authors in North America. For that purpose, Nele Sawallisch examines four different texts written by formerly enslaved men in the 1850s that emerged in or around the historical region of Canada West (now known as Ontario) and that defy the genre conventions of the classic slave narrative. Instead, these texts demonstrate originality in expressing complex, often ambivalent attitudes towards the so-called Canadian Promised Land and contribute to a form of textual community-building across national borders. In the context of emerging national discourses before Canada's Confederation in 1867, they offer alternatives to the hegemonic narrative of the white settler nation.
Der Beruf
Authors: Sailmann Gerald
Published: December 2018

Jeder kennt den Begriff, jeder verwendet ihn: »Beruf«. Heutzutage ist seine Bedeutung - insbesondere im deutschen Sprachraum - überragend. Seine gesellschaftliche Karriere verlief jedoch nicht zielgerichtet, sondern auf Umwegen, die kaum jemand kennt. Gerald Sailmanns umfassende Überblicksdarstellung zeichnet die Entwicklung des Berufsgedankens in Stände- und Industriegesellschaft nach und spannt dabei einen Bogen von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.
Kreativität im künstlerischen Gestaltungsprozess
Authors: Pfab Florian
Published: December 2018

Dass der Begriff »Kreativität« mit dem künstlerischen Gestaltungsprozess verknüpft ist, scheint eine kaum hinterfragte Selbstverständlichkeit. Da durch die gestiegene Relevanz und die veränderte Funktion der Kreativität in Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft ihre Bedeutung jedoch immer wieder neu verhandelt wird, muss auch die Verbindung zwischen Kreativität und Kunst mit ihren Bedingungen und Funktionen neu gedacht werden. Florian Pfab nähert sich der »Kreativität« aus einer begriffsanalytischen Perspektive. Mit den Mitteln der Systemtheorie entwirft er eine Definition, die den Forderungen an den Begriff zwischen Schöpfermythos und evolutionärem Prinzip mit Blick auf den künstlerischen Gestaltungsprozess gerecht wird.
Plädoyer für das Tragische
Authors: Settimi Linn
Published: December 2018

Die Tragödie steht vor ihrem Untergang, ausgelöst durch die Ausstoßung von chorischen und weiblichen Figuren. Doch was verbirgt sich hinter dieser Marginalisierung? Welche Auswirkungen hatte sie? Und lassen sich Bestrebungen erkennen, Chor und Frauenfiguren wieder eine zentrale Rolle zuzuschreiben? Mit seiner Deutung der deutschen Theatergeschichte bietet Einar Schleef eine erstaunliche sowie bestürzende Lektüre der heutigen Gesellschaft. Linn Settimi beschäftigt sich mit seinen Überlegungen über den Konflikt zwischen Individuum und Gemeinschaft, das Konzept von Weiblichkeit, Gender Troubles und die Möglichkeit einer Rolleninversion, welche dem Versuch gilt, das tragische Element am Leben zu erhalten.
Die Sozialität der Bildung
Authors: Zulaica y Mugica Miguel
Published: December 2018

Entgegen Semantiken individueller Selbstbildung hinterfragt Miguel Zulaica y Mugica das Verhältnis von Bildung und Sozialität. In kritischer Bezugnahme zur hegelianischen Bildungstheorie und entlang von aktuellen sozialphilosophischen Ansätzen wird Bildung als institutionalisiertes Deutungsmuster diskutiert, das in historisch sedimentierte Anerkennungsregimes instanziiert ist. Es wird argumentiert, dass Selbstreflexivität als Moment von Bildung trotz ihrer Ambivalenz die Bedingung für Praktiken des sachlichen Streits darstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund können Praktiken der Individualisierung, der hegemonialen Durchsetzung und Politiken des Rechthabens problematisiert werden.
Camera scriptura
Authors: Bohn Ralf
Published: December 2018

Als Wanderer, Flaneur, Suchender, dem Zufall ausgesetzt und doch einer Geschichte folgend - so inszeniert sich der Fotograf als Retter des vergehenden Augenblicks im vergegenwärtigenden Bild. Der in diesem Band aufgearbeitete Diskurs über das Fotografische versucht, den Moment des Fotografierens und den der Bildbetrachtung als Schriftlichkeit, Verräumlichung und Inszenierung auszulegen. Das Fotografische wird zur Allegorie widerstreitender Zeitlichkeit: Rettung des Augenblicks im Bild und Einsicht in die Vergänglichkeit. Nur im bildbegleitenden Schreiben ist dieser Widerstreit erträglich. Unter dem Begriff »Bildschriftlichkeit« wird die Präsenz- und Zeitproblematik des Aufschreibesystems Fotografie mit zahlreichen Zitaten von Derrida, Benjamin, Barthes, Sontag, Flusser, Virilio, Baudrillard, Krauss, aber auch Luhmann, Heidegger und anderen belegt und kommentiert. In einem Essay des Autors werden diese Äußerungen über das Fotografische zu einem gangbaren Weg verbunden.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA LAFAL, KONTEKS, DAN MAKNA DALAM AL-QUR`AN
Authors: Sukamta Sukamta
Published: December 2018

This article presents the results of research on the relationship between pronunciation, context, and meaning in the Qur`an. With the neuroscience approach, naḥw, and ilm al-dalālah, the discussion focused on six things: the selection of the form of the word (sīgah), the mention or disposal of the letters tā or yā, the use of the form mufrad or muṡanna, the choice of wazn, the use of long vowel marks (madd), harakat ḍammah or tasydīd, and selection of certain words. The method used is comparing various verses that contain words or phrases with the same linguistic problems, analyzing their meanings to conclude the results. The analysis of the intended meaning is carried out through a search for the context of each, by considering the differences in the pronunciation of each sound. This research shows that in the Qur`an, the use of pronunciation is very suitable with the meaning in question and the context behind it.
Proximal point algorithm involving fixed point of nonexpansive mapping in 𝑝-uniformly convex metric space
Authors: Ugwunnadi Godwin C. , Izuchukwu Chinedu , Mewomo Oluwatosin T.
Published: December 2018

We prove some important properties of the p-resolvent mapping recently introduced by
B. J. Choi and U. C. Ji,
The proximal point algorithm in uniformly convex metric spaces,
Commun. Korean Math. Soc. 31 2016, 4, 845–855,
in p-uniformly convex metric space. Furthermore, we introduce a modified Mann-type PPA involving nonexpansive mapping and prove that the sequence generated by the algorithm converges to a common solution of a finite family of minimization problems, which is also a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping in the framework of a complete p-uniformly convex metric space.
Existence of positive solutions for a Neumann boundary value problem on the half-line via coincidence degree
Authors: Djafri S. , Moussaoui Toufik
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we are interested in the study of the existence of positive solutions for the following nonlinear boundary value problem on the half-line:

\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-u^{\prime\prime}(x)&\displaystyle=q(x)f(x%
,u,u^{\prime}),&&\displaystyle x\in(0,+\infty),\\
\displaystyle u^{\prime}(0)&\displaystyle=u^{\prime}(+\infty)=0,\end{aligned}\right.

where {q:\mathbb{R^{+}}\rightarrow\mathbb{R^{+}}} is a positive measurable function such that {\int_{0}^{+\infty}q(x)\,dx=1} and {f:\mathbb{R}^{+}\times\mathbb{R}^{2}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}} is q-Carathéodory.
Kooperative Arbeitsgestaltung durch Arbeitsplatzinhaber/innen – ein Lernprozess
Authors: Hacker Winfried
Published: December 2018

Das Verbessern der eigenen Arbeitsprozesse durch die Arbeitsplatzinhaber/innen ist Problemlösen, das in der Regel Kooperation erfordert, weil Erwerbsarbeit ein sozialer Prozess ist. Das kooperative Identifizieren und Implementieren von Verbesserungsbedarf kann organisiert werden als moderierter, zeitweiliger Kleingruppenprozess. Die Teilnehmer tauschen dabei unterschiedliche Sichtweisen und Erfahrungen aus und erproben sie. Praktisches Problemlösen, Erfahrungsaustausch und Erfahrungserprobung sind Aspekte sozialen Lernens im Arbeitsprozess, die mit der Digitalisierung an Bedeutung gewinnen.
Äsopische geschichten in Meisterlied, Spruchgedicht und comedi
Authors: Holzberg Niklas
Published: December 2018

Hans Sachs, who, in upwards of 6000 poetic works, brought literature to the German-speaking urban middle and lower classes, adapted for his largely illiterate audience lengthy portions of Steinhöwel’s ›Esopus‹, including the ›Life of Aesop‹, turning them into Meisterlieder, Spruchgedichte, and a comedi. The ›Life‹ was the source, for one, of selected episodes which he could each rework adeptly for easy listening as individual shorter texts. In the work he wrote for the stage, ›Esopus der fabeldichter‹, moreover, he used his skill as dramatist to link a few episodes from the ›Life‹ and make of them a coherent plot with scenes not just strung loosely together, but united by an overarching theme.
Citation as Exchange Value
Authors: Aroch Fugellie Paulina
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on the interplay between correlated textual subject positions, insofar as they are differently legitimated across the New International Division of Labour (NIDL). In examining the academic system of referencing or invocation, I will pay particular attention to how it functions as a circuit of value production in the cultural domain. Marx’s theory of value production will be used as an exegetic tool to locate the workings of economic power in the referential apparatus of the contemporary academy, showing how Third-World symbolic production is undervalued despite its existence, since economic conditions retroactively foreclose the validation of Third-World intellectual and artistic production as cultural capital. As a case study, I will analyse some of the citation strategies of postcolonial theorist Anthony Appiah in In My Father’s House, which operates within the presupposition that textual subject positions (the place of enunciation in particular) are made available only to privileged subjects in the extra-textual world. Appiah’s methodology opens up what I call a circumscribed redistribution of cultural capital across the NIDL. Hence, I take In My Father’s House not only as an object of analysis but also as a critical source to understand how value production mediates academic writing, allowing Appiah’s conceptualization of the relationship between textual and social subjects to inform my own.
Output Effects of Global Food Commodity Shocks
Authors: Erten Bilge , Tuzcuoglu Kerem
Published: December 2018

The dramatic fluctuations in global food prices over the past two decades have generated significant concern about their destabilizing macroeconomic effects. While the pass-through effects of international food prices on domestic prices have been widely documented, these estimates have not taken into account reverse causality, omitted variable bias, or differences in sources of international food price fluctuations. We use sign restrictions to identify relevant demand and supply shocks that explain the volatility in global food prices. We quantify their dynamic effects on several components of food exporters’ and food importers’ domestic output, including household consumption, government consumption, investment, and net exports. Our findings reveal that identifying the sources of the shocks driving global food prices is crucial to evaluating their domestic effects. Expansions in global economic activity that increase global food prices stimulate the domestic output of both food-importing and food-exporting economies; however, disruptions in global food commodity markets that lead to rising real food prices have large contractionary effects for food importers due to deteriorating trade balances and falling household consumption. We also document that the adverse effects of unfavorable global food shocks on household consumption are greater for food-importing countries with relatively high shares of household food expenditures and large food trade deficits.
Proposed Use of Monte Carlo Simulated Images to Evaluate the Accuracy of Measurements on X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Kowaluk Tomasz , Maciak Maciej , Woźniak Adam , Tulik Piotr , Golnik Natalia
Published: December 2018

X-ray computed tomography (CT) is increasingly recognized as a promising measuring technique for dimensional metrology. Various methods are being developed to improve measurement accuracy. Tests of new methods for such applications include accuracy evaluation with the use of calibrated workpieces; however, the internal algorithms of image acquisition and data processing might influence the experimental error, and then also the comparison of methods at different CTs. The accuracy of the results of tomographic measurements is influenced by many factors, one of which is the setting of the threshold value. The article presents the results of an attempt to use Monte Carlo simulated images to estimate deviations to determine threshold values to improve measurement accuracy and additionally, to estimate the impact of data processing. The differences of the results obtained from the simulated images were up to 4 % larger than those from tomographic images. It was caused by degradation of the image contrast by scattered radiation.
Time-Efficient Perfusion Imaging Using DCE- and DSC-MRI
Authors: Macíček Ondřej , Jiřík Radovan , Mikulka Jan , Bartoš Michal , Šprláková-Puková Andrea , Keřkovský Miloš , Starčuk Zenon , Bartušek Karel , Taxt Torfinn
Published: December 2018

Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) are perfusion imaging techniques used mainly for clinical and preclinical measurement of vessel permeability and capillary blood flow, respectively. It is advantageous to apply both methods to exploit their complementary information about the perfusion status of the tissue. We propose a novel acquisition method that combines advantages of the current simultaneous and sequential acquisition. The proposed method consists of a DCE-MRI acquisition interrupted by DSC-MRI acquisition. A new method for processing of the DCE-MRI data is proposed which takes the interleaved acquisition into account. Analysis of both the DCE- and DSC-MRI data is reformulated so that they are approximated by the same pharmacokinetic model (constrained distributed capillary adiabatic tissue homogeneity model). This provides a straightforward evaluation of the methodology as some of the estimated DCE- and DSC-MRI perfusion parameters should be identical. Evaluation on synthetic data showed an acceptable precision and no apparent bias introduced by the interleaved character of the DCE-MRI acquisition. Intravascular perfusion parameters obtained from clinical glioma data showed a fairly high correlation of blood flow estimates from DCE- and DSC-MRI, however, an unknown scaling factor was still present mainly because of the tissue-specific

r

2
*

$r_2^*$

relaxivity. The results show validity of the proposed acquisition method. They also indicate that simultaneous processing of both DCE- and DSC-MRI data with joint estimation of some perfusion parameters (included in both DCE- and DSC-MRI) might be possible to increase the reliability of the DCE- and DSC-MRI methods alone.
Hybrid photosensitive structures based on nematic liquid crystals and lithium niobate substrates
Authors: Lucchetti Liana , Reshetnyak Victor
Published: December 2018

Liquid crystal cells based on lithium niobate substrates have recently been proposed as good candidates for optofluidic devices and for light-induced controlled generation of defects in liquid crystal films. The peculiarity of these structures lies in the possibility of using the bulk photovoltaic effect of lithium niobate to obtain an optically induced dc field able to affect the molecular liquid crystal director. Reversible fragmentation and self-assembling of liquid crystal droplets driven by the lithium niobate pyroelectric properties have also been reported. We review the basic results obtained so far with the aim of making the point and seeing what else can be done in the framework of the realization of hybrid structures combining lithium niobate with the electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties of liquid crystals.
Super-structured photonic crystal fiber Bragg grating biosensor image model based on sparse matrix
Authors: Li Bo , Kanugo Jayanth
Published: December 2018

Fiber grating (FBG) is an important optical device of fiber, which is widely used in optical fiber communication and sensing. At the present stage, the fiber grating is almost prepared in the static state of the fiber, and then the grating is welded into the fiber grating array or network. With the continuous improvement of the application effect of fiber grating, has become one of the most promising, representative and fastest developing fiber passive devices. In this paper, fiber grating is classified according to the refractive index distribution of grating axis. The central wavelength of Bragg fiber grating is modulated by using external parameters (temperature or stress strain). The wave equation of insulating medium is obtained by the reflection characteristic and coupling mode theory of fiber grating. Using sparse matrix model of nerve action potential signal with wavelet decomposition layers, nerve action potential signal reconstruction of the relative error between the value and the original value contrast found that reconstructed and original signals are very close. Good results have been obtained for the sampling reconstruction of the filtered high signal-to-noise ratio neural action potential signal. Researchers have conducted extensive and in-depth research on fiber grating sensing technology, and achieved gratifying results. But with the of the engineering application of technical requirements, they need real-time monitoring. Due to the cross sensitivities of fiber grating, it became the bottleneck of multiple parameter measurement.
Application of modified culture Kalman filter in bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Hailun Wang , Martinez Alexander
Published: December 2018

Rolling bearings are an important part of rotary machines. They are used most widely in various mechanical sectors, which are among the most vulnerable components in machines. This paper uses CKF algorithm to compile a signal analysis system, analyses the vibration signal of the rolling bearing, extracts fault features, and realizes fault diagnosis. In order to improve the estimation accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis under nonlinear model, a nonlinear model of bearing fault diagnosis based on quaternion and low-accuracy high-noise sensors is established, and the attitude estimation has performed using the culture Kalman filter (CKF) algorithm. The sensor data comparison shows that the use of the volumetric Kalman filter algorithm can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of bearing fault diagnosis and stability. In this paper, the measured vibration signals of several groups of rolling bearings are analysed, and the signal characteristic frequency has extracted. The results show that using the analysis software designed in this paper, several typical faults of rolling bearings can be correctly identified.
Renoprotective Effects of Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon on Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kassaee Seyed Mehrdad , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Abbasi Oshaghi Ebrahim
Published: December 2018

Background: Herbal medicine is used in all parts of the world mainly for prevention and treatment of various disorders due to better cultural suitability, lower cost and less side effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic and kidney-protective effects of the aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon on diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: Group 1: control group in which animals received chow diet, group 2: diabetic rats, group 3: diabetic rat + 2% T. foenum extract (w/w), group 4: diabetic rat + 8% of Trigonella foenum extract (w/w), group 5: diabetic rat + 2% Cinnamon extract (w/w) and group 6: diabetic rat + 8% of Cinnamon extract (w/w). Aqueous extract of T. foenum leaves and Cinnamon were administered to diabetic rats for 4 weeks. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity were also measured in kidney of the animals. In addition, morphological changes of the kidney were also analyzed by the light microscope. Results: Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon extract in diabetic animals significantly reduced MDA levels and restored antioxidant capacity (P<.05). T. foenum and Cinnamon also normalized plasma urea and creatinine concentration in diabetic rats (P<.05). Administration of T. foenum and Cinnamon extract especially at the dose of 8 mg/kg normalized histopatholgical changes of kidney in diabetic animal. Conclusions: The findings of this experiment showed that T. foenum extract and Cinnamon restored antioxidant capacity and structural changes of kidney.
Molecular studies on preproghrelin gene: Signal peptide, ghrelin coding region and variants – A brief report focusing on rs34911341 polymorphism
Authors: Martins Laysa Toschi , Koczicki Leticia , Klingenfus Andressa de Souza , Wischral Luccas Matheus , Kubo Karen Sumire , Frigeri Henrique Ravanhol
Published: December 2018

Background: Ghrelin is a hormone that exhibits effects in a lot of biologic processes, such as food intake regulation, gastrointestinal motility and carbohydrate metabolism. Ghrelin is encoded by human preproghrelin gene (GHRL), reported with four exons. However, experiments suggested a new molecular structure for this gene. Objective: This study aims to clarify by a simple representation GHRL and its products, showing the variants described for this gene up to this moment. Methods: The GHRL sequence for molecular comparisons was obtained from GeneBank. The dbSNP was used to search variants and the PubMed, Scielo and Science Direct databases to investigate related studies. Results: The new molecular structure of GHRL includes a new exon 0 and an extended exon 1, located in the originally identified region of intron 1. Examples of GHRL products are signal, ghrelin and obestatin peptides and these molecules exhibit different effects on the organism. Thus, polymorphisms in these gene regions have been associated with a vast number of clinical effects, including metabolic disorders. We identified 11 genetic variations in the region of the GHRL which encodes for the signal peptide and 23 polymorphisms in the ghrelin coding region. One of them, rs34911341, has been associated with some disorders such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Conclusion: In this scientific article we turned GHRL a little bit more informative for readers. Furthermore we highlighted the current reported GHRL genetic variations associated to signal and ghrelin peptides, but only the variant rs34911341 has been associated with metabolic disorders.
Antioxidant properties of Resveratrol on Acetaminophen induced toxicity in Wistar Rat liver and HepG2 Cells
Authors: Abbasi Oshaghi Ebrahim , Pourjafar Mona , Mirzajani Seyde Somayeh , Mohseni Roohollah , Mousavi Mehrnoosh , Rafieemehr Hassan , Mirzaei Fatemeh
Published: December 2018

Background: Although acetaminophen (APAP) is considered safe at therapeutic doses, intake of high amounts of this drug can cause liver failure. In the present experiment, we examined the hepatoprotective effects of resveratrol (RES) in HepG2 cells and rat liver. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of RES on liver function in rat model of necrosis and HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (7 rats in each group) as follows; group 1: control rats (received normal saline), group 2: hepatotoxic control (control rats that received 640 mg/kg/d APAP), group 3: positive control (received 150 mg/kg N-acetylcysteine), group 4: RES (received 30 mg/kg RES). The animals were treated for 7 days. Afterwards, the levels of liver enzymes, protein carbonyl content, glutathione (GSH) level, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level were determined. Results: In the in vitro experiment, APAP-induced HepG2 cells were treated with RES at different concentrations and various factors such as cell viability, liver enzymes, GSH and TNF-α levels were measured. Conclusions: Our results indicated that RES could normalize all these factors in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05). In fact, RES had potential hepatoprotective effect against APAP -induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and animal models mainly via dual change of oxidative stress and cytokine levels.
New Legionella Control Options by UV and Violet LEDs for Hospitals and Care Facilities
Authors: Hessling Martin , Schmid Julian , Hoenes Katharina , Vatter Petra
Published: December 2018

Legionella infections caused by contaminated water are a widespread problem worldwide. Discharge lamps like mercury vapor lamps are widely known for the disinfection properties of their radiation, but they suffer technical disadvantages, like high voltages and toxic content, and are, therefore, not suitable for some infection control applications. New highintensity ultraviolet (UV) and violet LEDs offer new approaches for Legionella control, because these bacteria are significantly light sensitive compared to other pathogens. One of the most important infection pathways is the inhalation of Legionellacontaining aerosols during showering. This problem could be reduced by a single strong UV LED within the shower head, which irradiates the passing water for some milliseconds. This practice can be especially beneficial in hospitals and care facilities. UV light offers only a limited penetration depth, however, even in pure water. To disinfect larger water volumes, e.g., in water dispensers, visible violet LEDs are more appropriate. Unfortunately, up to now, neither approach has been given much attention by potential users.
Observance of Architectural Principles in Hospital Construction; A Step Towards Energy Consumption Optimization
Authors: Mohseni Zahra
Published: December 2018

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Reducing Health Inequities Through Intersectoral Action: Balancing Equity in Health With Equity for Other Social Goods
Authors: Smith Maxwell J. , Weinstock Daniel
Published: December 2018

Significant attention has been devoted to developing intersectoral strategies to reduce health inequities; however, these strategies have largely neglected to consider how equity in health ought to be weighted and balanced with the pursuit of equity for other social goods (eg, education equity). Research in this domain is crucial, as the health sector’s pursuit of health equity may be at odds with policies in other sectors, which may consider the reduction of health inequities to be peripheral to, if not incompatible with, their own equity-related aims. It is therefore critical that intersectoral strategies to reduce health inequities be guided by a more general account of social justice that is capable of carefully balancing equity in health against the pursuit of equity in other sectors.
Universal Access to Surgical Care and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case for Surgical Systems Research Comment on "Global Surgery – Informing National Strategies for Scaling Up Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa"
Authors: Makasa Emmanuel M.
Published: December 2018

National level experiences, lessons learnt from the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) era coupled with the academic evidence and proposals generated by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) together with the economic arguments and recommendations from the World Bank Group’s "Essential Surgery" Disease Control Priorities (DCP3) publication, provided the impetus for political commitments to improve surgical care capacity at the primary level of the healthcare system in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as part of their drive towards universal health coverage (UHC) in the form of World Health Organization (WHO) Resolution A68.15. This global commitment from governments must be followed up with development of a Global Action Plan and a global coordination mechanism supported by regional implementation frameworks on the part of the WHO in order for the organisation to better coordinate all stakeholders and sustain the technical support needed to develop and implement national surgical health policy in the form of National Surgical Obstetric and Anaesthesia Plans (NSOAPs). As expounded by Gajewski et al, data and research output on surgical care is essential to informing policy development and programme implementation. This area still remains a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) but it is envisaged that countries will include this key component in their ongoing national surgical healthcare policy development and programme implementation. In the Zambian case study, research in the area of Global Surgery investment-the surgical workforce scale-up is used to demonstrate the important role of implementation research in the development and implementation of the Zambian NSOAP as well as the need for international collaborations to this end. Scale-up reviews informed by implementation research to evaluate progress on the commitments contained in Resolution A68.15 and Decision A70.22 are essential to sustain the momentum and to help maintain focus on the gaps in all countries. There are opportunities for non-state actors especially local sub-regional academic institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and private sector to play a key role in surgical healthcare policy development and implementation research. Collection of and better information management of standardised surgical care indicators is essential for such research, for bi-annual WHO progress reporting and for demonstration of impact to justify and encourage further investments in surgical care.
The Governance of National Community Health Worker Programmes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Empirically Based Framework of Governance Principles, Purposes and Tasks
Authors: Schneider Helen
Published: December 2018

Background: National community health worker (CHW) programmes are increasingly regarded as an integral component of primary healthcare (PHC) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). At the interface of the formal health system and communities, CHW programmes evolve in context specific ways, with unique cadres and a variety of vertical and horizontal relationships. These programmes need to be appropriately governed if they are to succeed, yet there is little evidence or guidance on what this entails in practice. Based on empirical observations of South Africa’s community-based health sector and informed by theoretical insights on governance, this paper proposes a practical framework for the design and strengthening of CHW programme governance at scale. Methods: Conceptually, the framework is based on multi-level governance thinking, that is, the distributed, negotiated and iterative nature of decision-making, and the rules, processes and relationships that support this in health systems. The specific purposes and tasks of CHW programme governance outlined in the framework draw from observations and published case study research on the formulation and early implementation of the Ward Based Outreach Team strategy in South Africa. Results: The framework is presented as a set of principles and a matrix of 5 key governance purposes (or outputs). These purposes are: a negotiated fit between policy mandates and evidence, histories and strategies of community-based services; local organisational and accountability relationships that provide community-based actors with sufficient autonomy and power to act; aligned and integrated programme management systems; processes that enable system learning, adaptation and change; and sustained political support. These purposes are further elaborated into 17 specific tasks, distributed across levels of the health system (national, regional, and local). Conclusion: In systematising the governance functions in CHW programmes, the paper seeks to shed light on how best to support and strengthen these functions at scale.
Using the Taxonomy and the Metrics: What to Study When and Why Comment on "Metrics and Evaluation Tools for Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organization- and System-Level Decision-Making: A Systematic Review"
Authors: Sofaer Shoshanna
Published: December 2018

Dukhanin and colleagues’ taxonomy of metrics for patient engagement at the organizational and system levels has great potential for supporting more careful and useful evaluations of this ever-growing phenomenon. This commentary highlights the central importance to the taxonomy of metrics assessing the extent of meaningful participation in decision-making by patients, consumers and community members; discusses how the purpose of an evaluation and the organizational relationships among key evaluation stakeholders is likely to influence the choice of metrics in important ways; and suggests a recasting of the metrics in the form of a logic model that supports the selection of metrics that are appropriate for a program given its stage of development and the purposes of the study.
Epidemiology and Characteristics of Extra-ovarian Conditions Mimicking Ovarian Cancer: A 4-Year Assay Among Iranian Women
Authors: Hashemi Seyedeh Razieh , Khosravi Mohammad Hossein , Hosseini Mohammad Ali , Ashkesh Rezvan , Lalooei Afsaneh
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Involving approximately 4% of malignancies in women, ovarian cancer remains one of the most fatal cancers. However, it is important to consider conditions which are not primary ovarian diseases, but mimic their behaviors. In the present study, the epidemiological characteristics of extra-ovarian conditions mimicking ovarian masses are evaluated. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with a primary diagnosis of ovarian mass who underwent surgery by gynecologists between January 2012 and March 2016. The surgeon’s primary diagnosis and the final histopathology assessment report were evaluated for each patient. In cases where the final histopathology report was not in the spectrum of gynecologic pathology, possible reasons for incompatibility were investigated. Results: Ultimately, 1876 patients with a mean age of 48.26±15.4 years underwent analysis. Among these patients, 27 (1.4%) had masses of a non-gynecologic origin. The final diagnoses were divided into four main categories: masses with a gastrointestinal origin (55.5%), infectious (18.5%), those with a retroperitoneal origin (18.5%), and embryologic-origin masses (7.4%). Conclusion: The results suggest that extra-ovarian diseases should be considered in differential diagnoses of patients with a primary diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, it was found that metastases from gastrointestinal tract tumors and infectious diseases are the most common pathologies among extra-ovarian conditions.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Contrast Training on Vertical Jump Performance
Authors: Pagaduan Jeffrey , J. Schoenfeld Brad , Pojskić Haris
Published: December 2018

THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE WAS TO PERFORM A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF CONTRAST TRAINING (CT) ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE. THIRTEEN OF 83 STUDIES WERE INCLUDED FOR SYSTEMATIC REVIEW, WHEREAS 10 STUDIES WERE USED FOR META-ANALYSIS. META-ANALYSIS REVEALED GREATER COUNTERMOVEMENT JUMP (CMJ) GAINS IN CT THAN IN RESISTANCE TRAINING (RT) (EFFECT SIZE [ES] = 1.30; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL [CI] = 0.31–2.30). SIMILARLY, CT DISPLAYED HIGHER CMJ THAN CONTROL (ES = 1.46; CI = 0.46–2.46). IN CONCLUSION, CT SHOWED GREATER IMPROVEMENT IN CMJ COMPARED WITH RT AND CON. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE, SEE VIDEO, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A247.
Examining the Role of Expressed Emotion in the Intergenerational Transmission of Mental Health Problems
Authors: Arroyo Analisa , Segrin Chris , Andersen Kristin K.
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The aim of this study was to test a model of the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems (indicated by depression, anxiety, and loneliness) in which expressed emotion (indicated by criticism and emotional involvement) was specified as a mediator of mental health problems over multiple family generations.

Method: The sample consisted of three generations of grandmothers, mothers, and daughters (N = 242 family triads), wherein participants completed online surveys in which they self-reported on their own mental health problems and perceptions of their mothers’ expressed emotion.

Results: Results revealed only modest evidence of direct effects for the intergenerational transmission of mental health problems. However, there were a number of significant indirect effects, with all of these effects occurring through the criticism component of expressed emotion.

Discussion: This research identified expressed emotion as both a risk factor for offspring's mental health problems as well as a behavior typical of parents with mental health problems. Specifically, the results revealed that mental health problems are intergenerationally transmitted via critical parent-child interactions.
Chronology
Authors: Karolyi Paul
Published: December 2018

This is part 137 of a chronology begun in JPS 13, no. 3 (Spring 1984), and covers events from 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018 on the ground in the occupied Palestinian territories and in the diplomatic sphere, regionally and internationally. U.S. president Donald Trump pledged to move the U.S. embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and formally recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital, reversing decades of U.S. policy. His decision drew an international backlash, sparked a wave of protests and clashes in the oPt, and severely compromised his administration's peace-making efforts. While Israelis celebrated Trump's decision, the Palestinians argued that it demonstrated Trump's pro-Israel bias and announced their refusal to accept the U.S. as the sole mediator in any future peace talks. Furious with the Palestinian response, Trump ordered punitive cuts to U.S. humanitarian aid to the Palestinian people, further undermining his own peace initiative, which advisors insisted was still underway. The Palestinians began pursuing a new, multilateral framework to continue the peace process. Amid these developments, the Palestinian national reconciliation process stalled again.
Investigation of the Developmental Requirements of Drosophila HP1 and Insulator Protein Partner, HIPP1
Authors: Glenn Steve E , Geyer Pamela K
Published: December 2018

Drosophila Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] is a multifunctional zinc finger DNA binding protein. Transcriptional regulation by Su(Hw) is essential in the ovary and testis, where Su(Hw) functions primarily as a repressor. Recently, the HP1a and Insulator Partner Protein 1 (HIPP1) was found to extensively co-localize with Su(Hw) and other insulator binding proteins in euchromatic regions of the genome, and with Heterochromatin Protein 1a (HP1a) in heterochromatic regions. As HIPP1 is the homolog of the human co-repressor Chromodomain Y-Like (CDYL), we tested its requirement in establishing transcriptional repression in flies. To this end, we generated multiple Hipp1 null alleles and a tagged derivative of the endogenous gene (Hipp1GFP), using CRISPR mutagenesis. We show that HIPP1 is a widely expressed nuclear protein that is dispensable for viability, as well as female and male fertility. We find that HIPP1 and HP1a display minimum co-localization in interphase cells, and HP1a-dependent transcriptional repression of several reporter genes is HIPP1-independent, indicating that HIPP1 is not essential for HP1a-dependent heterochromatin formation. Despite Su(Hw) having a major role in promoting HIPP1 occupancy in euchromatin, we show that HIPP1 is dispensable for the transcriptional and insulator functions of Su(Hw), indicating that HIPP1 is not a critical Su(Hw) cofactor. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of HIPP1 in Drosophila development.
Digitalisierung und unentgeltliche Angebote im Kartellrecht
Authors: Sauermann Martin
Published: December 2018

Die Entwicklung der Internetökonomie hat in den letzten Jahren erheblich an Dynamik gewonnen. Begleitet wurde diese Entwicklung von einer Vielzahl innovativer Geschäftsmodelle. Dazu gehört eine Reihe von Geschäftsmodellen, die mit kostenlosen Angeboten und Grenzkosten von nahezu null einhergehen. Obwohl dies kein völlig unbekanntes und neues Phänomen im Kartellrecht ist, haben die letzten Jahre gezeigt, dass die Verbreitung dieser Geschäftsmodelle durch die Internetwirtschaft deutlich zugenommen hat und die Modelle komplexer geworden sind. Der Artikel analysiert daher diese Geschäftsmodelle. Einige der Modelle sind dauerhaft und andere nur temporär. Herausragend in diesem Zusammenhang sind sicherlich die Entwicklung von Plattformmärkten und nicht monetärer Kompensationsmodelle, die auf einer Datenbereitstellung oder auf der Aufmerksamkeit der Nutzer beruhen. Wie die Analyse zeigt, stellten diese Null-Preis-Geschäftsmodelle die Kartellbehörden vor neue Herausforderungen, da umsatzbasierte Fusionsanmelde- oder Marktmachtschwellen und etablierte Methoden der Marktdefinition ihre Grenzen erreichen, wenn es um kostenlose Angebote geht. Die Analyse zeigt jedoch auch, dass sich Gesetzgeber und Wettbewerbsbehörden an diese Entwicklung angepasst haben und auf diese Geschäftsmodelle differenziert reagierten. Ein aktuelles Beispiel ist die 9. GWB-Novelle, durch die neue Schwellenwerte für die Fusionsanmeldungen auf Basis des Transaktionswerts in das deutsche Wettbewerbsrecht eingeführt wurden. In dem Artikel wird allerdings auch darauf hingewiesen, dass weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich sind, um das etablierte Repertoire an ökonomischen Methoden an diese neuen Geschäftsmodelle anzupassen.
Pengolahan Limbah Air Wudhu Wanita dengan Metode Aerasi dan Adsorpsi Menggunakan Karbon Aktif
Authors: Hadisantoso Eko Prabowo , Widayanti Yuna , Hanifah Robby'atul Adawiyah , Amalia Vina , Delilah Gina Giftia A.
Published: December 2018

Wudhu adalah suatu rutinitas seorang muslim sebelum melaksanakan sholat. Dalam setiap kali wudhu, seorang muslim rata-rata menggunakan 3 L air, yang berarti 15 L air setiap harinya untuk wudhu. Air yang digunakan ketika wudhu hanya terkena beberapa bagian tubuh, sehingga hanya mengandung sedikit pencemar. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan air limbah wudhu sebagai solusi penyediaan air bersih. Pengolahan dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode aerasi dan adsorpsi. Metode aerasi bertujuan menambahkan oksigen ke dalam air limbah sedangkan adsorpsi bertujuan memisahkan antara air limbah dengan partikel polutan. Pada penelitian ini tahap pertama dilakukan screening untuk mengetahui kondisi terburuk limbah. Kondisi terburuk yang diperoleh pada limbah air wudhu wanita adalah limbah waktu sholat ashar dilihat dari parameter pH, DO, dan TSS. Tahap selanjutnya yaitu proses penanganan limbah, penanganan secara aerasi dilakukan menggunakan aerator selama 5 jam dan secara adsorpsi dilakukan menggunakan karbon aktif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penanganan limbah air wudhu dapat meningkatkan kondisi air menjadi lebih baik dan dapat mengembalikan kondisi air ke kondisi awal (air baku). Kondisi limbah air wudhu setelah pengolahan adalah memiliki pH 8,40; DO 8,7 mg/L; TSS 0 mg/L; COD 7,4 mg/L; BOD5 2,3 mg/L; Minyak Lemak 7,2 mg/L; Warna 24 unit Pt-Co; Tidak berbau; dan E. Coli < 3. Maka air hasil olahan ini masuk dalam kategori kelas IV, yaitu air untuk keperluan pertanian dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk usaha di perkotaan, industri, dan pembangkit listrik.
Nickolas P. Roubekas, An Ancient Theory of Religion: Euhemerism from Antiquity to the Present
Authors: Franek Juraj
Published: December 2018

Nickolas P. Roubekas, An Ancient Theory of Religion: Euhemerism from Antiquity to the Present (New York and London: Routledge Monographs in Classical Studies, 2017). XIV + 188 pp. £125.00 (hbk). ISBN 978-1-138-84893-1.
Fabrizio Panebianco and Emanuele Serrelli, eds, Understanding Cultural Traits: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Cultural Diversity
Authors: Matthews Luke J.
Published: December 2018

Fabrizio Panebianco and Emanuele Serrelli, eds, Understanding Cultural Traits: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Cultural Diversity (Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht and London: Springer, 2016). viii + 410 pp. ISBN 978-3-319-24347-4. €139.99 (hbk)/€118.99 (ebook).
Reconciliation
Authors: Molgat Rochelle Ledoux
Published: December 2018

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Healing In Our Midst
Authors: Solomon Eva
Published: December 2018

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Writing Religion: The Case for the Critical Study of Religion, edited by Steven W. Ramey
Authors: Crook Zeba
Published: December 2018

Writing Religion: The Case for the Critical Study of Religion, edited by Steven W. Ramey. University of Alabama Press, 2015. xv + 246 pp. Hb., $46. ISBN: 978-0-8173-8838-6
Engaging the Thought of Bernard Lonergan, by Louis Roy
Authors: McCall Bradford
Published: December 2018

Engaging the Thought of Bernard Lonergan, by Louis Roy. McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016. viii + 239 pp. Pb., $34.95. ISBN: 978-0-7735-4707-0
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Use for Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer at Five Public South African Hospitals and Impact on Time to Initial Cancer Therapy
Authors: O'Neil Daniel S. , Nietz Sarah , Buccimazza Ines , Singh Urishka , Čačala Sharon , Stopforth Laura W. , Joffe Maureen , Jacobson Judith S. , Neugut Alfred I. , Crew Katherine D. , Ruff Paul , Cubasch Herbert
Published: December 2018

Background

In the U.S., neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) is used with extensive disease and aggressive molecular subtypes. Little is known about the influence of demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and resource constraints on NAC use in Africa.

Materials and Methods

We studied NAC use in a cohort of women with stage I–III BC enrolled in the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes study at five hospitals. We analyzed associations between NAC receipt and sociodemographic and clinical factors, and we developed Cox regression models for predictors of time to first treatment with NAC versus surgery.

Results

Of 810 patients, 505 (62.3%) received NAC. Multivariate analysis found associations between NAC use and black race (odds ratio [OR] 0.49; 95% confidence limit [CI], 0.25–0.96), younger age (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.97 for each year), T-stage (T4 versus T1: OR 136.29; 95% CI, 41.80–444.44), N-stage (N2 versus N0: OR 35.64; 95% CI, 16.56–76.73), and subtype (triple-negative versus luminal A: OR 5.16; 95% CI, 1.88–14.12). Sites differed in NAC use (Site D versus Site A: OR 5.73; 95% CI, 2.72–12.08; Site B versus Site A: OR 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.86) and time to first treatment: Site A, 50 days to NAC versus 30 days to primary surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84; 95% CI, 1.25–2.71); Site D, 101 days to NAC versus 126 days to primary surgery (HR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27–0.89).

Conclusion

NAC use for BC at these South African hospitals was associated with both tumor characteristics and heterogenous resource constraints.