bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical methods to analyze the persistence of threatened birds using citizen science data: A systematic review v2
Authors: Wijewardhana Udani , Meyer Denny , Weerasinghe Madawa
Published: May 2019

Background Due to certain risk factors such as climate change, habitat destruction, overhunting and pollution bird extinctions are now occurring at a rate that far exceeds their speciation rate. When a bird species is lost, the benefits it might have afforded are gone forever. There are no robust indicators of biodiversity conservation that can be used to complement existing national indicators of economic and social health. This study reviews the statistical methods that are used to model and evaluate the persistence or extinction risk of threatened bird species using citizen science data. Methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically searched for relevant journal articles which were published between January 1900 and January 2019 in any of three databases (ProQuest Central, Scopus and Web of Science). Only the journal articles which used a statistical model, predictive model or trend analysis in analysing persistence or extinction risk (while considering risk factors) of threatened bird species developed using citizen science data were included in this study. The bird species that may be declining in population/range even in near threatened or least concern categories also included since these may be the next wave of species to be added to the endangered species lists. Citizen science data helps to increase the number of records and understanding of dynamics in declining bird species populations. Results This systematic review was able to identify 37 unique articles describing statistical models for this purpose. Generalised linear models and linear mixed/hierarchical models were the most popular methods used for analysis, followed by machine learning models. The review suggested several strategies to measure the persistence of threatened bird species, but there was no attempt to identify critical tipping points using methods such as change-point analysis. Conclusion Overall, it appears that the persistence of threatened bird species varies depending on various risk factors. Statistical models can provide a better understanding of the impact of these risk factors, which is expected to produce better immediate and long-term outcomes for the conservation of threatened birds. It is hoped that this review will identify the statistical methods which are most suitable for this purpose.
Statistical methods to analyze the persistence of threatened birds using citizen science data: A systematic review v1
Authors: A Wijewardhana Udani , Meyer Denny , Weerasinghe Madawa
Published: May 2019

Abstract Background Due to certain risk factors such as climate change, habitat destruction, overhunting and pollution bird extinctions are now occurring at a rate that far exceeds their speciation rate. When a bird species is lost, the benefits it might have afforded are gone forever. There are no robust indicators of biodiversity conservation that can be used to complement existing national indicators of economic and social health. This study reviews the statistical methods that are used to model and evaluate the persistence or extinction risk of threatened bird species using citizen science data. Methods Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically searched for relevant journal articles which were published between January 1900 and January 2019 in any of three databases (ProQuest Central, Scopus and Web of Science). Only the journal articles which used a statistical model, predictive model or trend analysis in analysing persistence or extinction risk (while considering risk factors) of threatened bird species developed using citizen science data were included in this study. The bird species that may be declining in population/range even in near threatened or least concern categories also included since these may be the next wave of species to be added to the endangered species lists. Citizen science data helps to increase the number of records and understanding of dynamics in declining bird species populations. Results This systematic review was able to identify 37 unique articles describing statistical models for this purpose. Generalised linear models and linear mixed/hierarchical models were the most popular methods used for analysis, followed by machine learning models. The review suggested several strategies to measure the persistence of threatened bird species, but there was no attempt to identify critical tipping points using methods such as change-point analysis. Conclusion Overall, it appears that the persistence of threatened bird species varies depending on various risk factors. Statistical models can provide a better understanding of the impact of these risk factors, which is expected to produce better immediate and long-term outcomes for the conservation of threatened birds. It is hoped that this review will identify the statistical methods which are most suitable for this purpose.
Targeted DNA methylation assessment of ctDNA in liquid biopsies v1
Authors: Galle Eva
Published: May 2019

Targeted DNA methylation assessment of ctDNA in liquid biopsies.
Reverse EMT in cells using miRNA-200 v1
Authors: Galle Eva
Published: May 2019

Reverse EMT in cell lines with acquired resistance
Japanese Pronoun Acquisition by L1 English Adults: Further Evidence from a Coreference Judgment Task
Authors: Pimentel Carlos L.
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the results of a study investigating L2 learners’ interpretations of Japanese overt and empty pronouns in a coreference judgment task. The results show counterevidence to Kanno’s (1997, 1998) claim that learners at an early stage of language study obey the Overt Pronoun Constraint (Montalbetti, 1984), Furthermore, it supports evidence by Masumoto (2008), Pimentel and Nakayama (2012a) showing that learners at the early levels of Japanese learning do not show a knowledge of the constraint, but that this knowledge is acquired by the time they reach an advanced level of study.
Effects of Tacrolimus on Endothelin-1, Melatonin and Heat Shock Protein Levels in Experimental Brain Ischemia
Authors: GÜLER Özlem , YILDIZ Mustafa , BOZDEMİR Mehmet Nuri , KAVAKLI Ahmet , DAĞLI Adile Ferda , ÜSTÜNDAĞ Bilal
Published: May 2019

Objective: We aimed to
investigate the effects of tacrolimus on plasma endothelin-1, melatonin and
brain Hsp-70 levels in experimental ischemic stroke in this study.Material and Methods:
Twenty-one male Wistar-Albino rats randomly divided into three groups which
included seven rats. Animals in group 2 and group 3 were anesthetized and
bilateral common carotid arteries were clamped with aneurysm clips for 10
minutes. Animals in group 1 were not clamped and were not given any treatment.
Rats in group 2 were received 1 ml saline and in group 3 were received 1 mg/kg
tacrolimus intraperitoneally. Injections were applied 1st hour before ischemia
and at 6th, 24th, 48th and 72nd hours post ischemia. All the animals were
decapitated on the 4th day and plasmas were obtained and brains were excised.
Plasma endothelin-1 and melatonin levels were measured. Brain Hsp-70
immunostaining and neuron cell death were scored semiquantitatively.Results: The plasma
endothelin-1 levels in group 3 were higher than group 2 and group 1, but were
similar in group 1 and group 2.  In group
1 plasma melatonin levels were lesser than group 2 and group 3. In group 2
plasma melatonin levels were higher than group 3. The mean neuron death in
group 3 was lesser than in group 2. The mean Hsp-70 immunostaining intensity in
group 2 was greater than group 3 and group 1. In group 1 the mean Hsp-70
immünostaining intensity was lesser than group 3.

Conclusions: Tacrolimus administration
in ischemic stroke reduces plasma melatonin and brain Hsp-70 levels and increases
plasma endothelin-1 levels and has neuroprotective effect.
DESIGUALDADES EN LOS INDICADORES DE EXPERIENCIA DE CARIES DENTAL EN LA PRIMERA INFANCIA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE ANDES (ANTIOQUIA, COLOMBIA)
Authors: Ramírez-Puerta Blanca Susana , Escobar-Paucar Gloria , Ochoa-Acosta Emilia María , Franco-Cortés Ángela María
Published: May 2019

Introducción: la identificación de desigualdades en salud es un paso hacia el análisis de inequidades, tema que preocupa a diversos actores relacionados con la salud bucal. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en identificar la distribución de los indicadores de experiencia de caries dental por superficies en la primera infancia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo a partir de los datos obtenidos en el estudio de línea de base de indicadores de salud en 623 niños y niñas menores de seis años de edad del municipio de Andes (Antioquia) en 2015. La presencia y severidad de las lesiones de caries dental se registró según el Sistema Internacional para la Detección y Evaluación de Caries (ICDAS). Se calcularon los índices de superficies cariadas, obturadas y perdidas por caries dental (cICDAS5-6 ops y cICDAS1-6 ops), las curvas de Lorenz y los coeficientes de Gini para las frecuencias acumuladas de ambos indicadores. Resultados: Se encontró un cICDAS5-6 ops promedio de 3,3 ± 7,4, así: 3,5 ± 8,0 en la zona rural y 2,7 ± 5,7 en la urbana. El promedio del cICDAS1-6 ops fue 14,3 ± 15,1, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas por zona de residencia: 15,7 ± 15,8 en la rural y 11,3 ± 12,8 en la urbana. El análisis de la curva de Lorenz mostró desigualdad en la distribución de la experiencia de caries. Los coeficientes de Gini fueron 0,412 para el cICDAS5-6 ops y 0,284 para el cICDAS1-6 ops. Conclusión: Los análisis evidencian una distribución sesgada de la caries dental en los niños y niñas menores de seis años, y una mayor desigualdad en los indicadores de experiencia de caries dental en su forma severa en el municipio de Andes.
OPTIMAL DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENT MADE OF PREFABRICATED REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF THE CALCULATION OF THE SHEAR RESISTANCE BY FINITE ELEMENTS METHOD
Authors: GLAZACHEV Anton O. , GIMADETDINOVA Liliya Y. , GONCHARUK Alexey P. , NEDOSEKO Igor V.
Published: May 2019

The article presents a comparative analysis of the results of the calculation of rigid pavement on the shear stability obtained by the classical engineering method and using numerical calculations. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using modern design tools to select the optimal design of rigid pavement.
PRIORITY MEASURES FOR THE RENOVATION OF HISTORIC URBAN AREAS
Authors: SHUVALOV Mikhail V. , KOMAROV Dmitry S.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents information on the sewage of residential areas in the historical buildings of Samara. Studies have shown that one of the main problems in the areas of historic urban development is the failure to comply with sanitary standards, due to the presence of yard dumps for collecting waste from non-canalized households. Based on the analysis of archival sources, about 40% of houses with courtyards that could theoretically be connected to a centralized sewerage network already by 1930.
ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING PRINCIPLES OF URBAN BRIDGES RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: KOSENKOVA Elizaveta V. , LITVINOV Denis V.
Published: May 2019

The bridges and overpasses of the city of Samara are considered, their main characteristics are identifi ed. A brief historical background of the appearance of the fi rst bridges as simple engineering structures is given, the main temporary periods are highlighted. Examples of implemented solutions that characterize the main stages of the history of bridge construction are given: the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne, the Millennium Bridge in Gateshead, the Ponte Vecchio Bridge in Florence, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the Russian Bridge in Vladivostok, the String Bridge in Jerusalem. The analysis helps to understand how a modern bridge, located in the city building system, aff ects it, complements and enriches it, combines many functions and advanced technologies, and also has architectural expressiveness.
METHOD OF EVALUATION OF THE FIRE RESISTANCE OF COMPOSITE BUILDING STRUCTURES
Authors: PANFILOV Denis A. , ILYIN Nikolay A. , ZHILTSOV Yury V. , BLINKOVA Ekaterina V.
Published: May 2019

The article describes a new method for determining the design fi re resistance of composite (steel-concrete) building constructions of buildings. The advanced algorithm of the decision of the fi re-technical task in the part of express calculation of design fi re resistance of composite building constructions is given. A new constructive form of composite reinforced concrete structure of the building has been developed and the system of actions for assessing the fi re resistance of its elements at the level of inventions, which are implemented in building practice, has been improved. The components of the creative result of scientifi c work and the content of the technical eff ect, including resource saving, are introduced, with the introduction of an innovative solution in the practice of fi re protection and providing fi re resistance of perspective building constructions of buildings.
Pemanfaatan Bentonit sebagai Penyerap Air pada Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Biodiesel
Authors: Yulanda Andesta , Wahyuni Lisna , Safitri Rahmi , Bakar Abu , Supardan Muhammad Dani
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK. Transesterifikasi merupakan salah satu proses dalam pembuatan biodiesel. Metode transesterifikasi secara konvesional tanpa penambahan adsorben memiliki kekurangan pada rendemen dan mutu biodiesel sehingga dikembangkan metode transesterifikasi menggunakan adsorben secara simultan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pemanfaatan bentonit sebagai penyerap air untuk meningkatkan rendemen biodiesel pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah. Pertama dilakukan pengecilan ukuran bentonit menjadi 100 hingga 120 mesh dan dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi bentonit menggunakan asam sulfat 98% pada suhu 80oC. Hasil analisis Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan bentonit aktivasi memiliki permukaan yang lebih halus dan bersih dibandingkan dengan bentonit tanpa aktivasi. Selanjutnya, bentonit digunakan pada proses transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dengan variasi massa adsorben (1, 2, 3 dan 4 %-berat minyak) dan kadar air minyak jelantah (2, 3, 5 dan 6 %-berat minyak). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan bentonit teraktivasi menghasilkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan bentonit tanpa aktivasi dan proses tanpa menggunakan bentonit. Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh pada massa adsorben 3% dan kadar air 2% yaitu rendemen biodiesel sebesar 81%, massa jenis 865 kg/m3, viskositas 2,90 mm2/s, angka asam 0,1675 mg KOH/gram dan kadar air 0,70%.ABSTRACT.Transesterification is one of process in production of biodiesel. Conventional transterification method without adding adsorbent has deficiency in the yield and quality of biodiesel, therefore transesterification using adsorbent simultaneously is developed. The purpose of this research is to utilize bentonit as the adsorbent of water to increase yield of biodiesel in the waste cooking oil transesterication process. The first step to do in this research was bentonite crushing to the size of 100 to 120 mesh and then bentonite activation using sulfuric acid 98% at 80 oC. The result of SEM analysis showed that activated bentonite surface was smoother  and more clean than bentonite without activation. Bentonite is used to transesterification process by varying mass of adsorben (1, 2, 3 and 4 %-wt. of waste cooking oil) and water content (2, 3, 5 and 6 %-wt. of waste cooking oil). The result of this research showed that activated bentonite has better yield than without adsorbent and activation. The best result from this research is at adsorbent mass 3% and water content 2% with biodiesel yield 81%. The biodiesel produced have density of 865 kg/m3, viscosity of 2.90 mm2/s, acid number of 0.1675 mg KOH/gram and water content of 0.7%.
Pemodelan Sistem Penelusuran Daging Sapi Potong Menggunakan Metode Unified Modeling Language
Authors: Setyaningrum Paramita
Published: May 2019

Isu mengenai beredarnya produk daging sapi yang dicampur daging babi celeng semakin marak akhir ini. Pemicu utama adalah ketidakmampuan pedagang membeli harga daging sapi yang mahal sehingga mendatangkan keuntungan yang sedikit. Isu ini tentunya cukup meresahkan bagi konsumen karena kandungan yang ada pada babi celeng membahayakan bagi kesehatan dan menurut aturan Islam produk daging babi celeng haram hukumnya. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pemodelan sistem penelusuran (traceability system) daging sapi potong menggunakan Unified Modeling Language dengan tujuan agar mampu mengidentifikasi kecurangan yang dilakukan oleh para pedagang daging sapi. Keluaran dari penelitian ini adalah dasar model sistem informasi yang akan digunakan untuk menerapkan sistem penelusuran daging sapi potong. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah mampu mengidentifikasi kecurangan yang dilakukan oleh penjual dan produsen mampu menyediakan produk yang sehat dan halal bagi konsumen.
Pemanfaatan Rebung Betung dalam Pembuatan Bakso Ikan Toman
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi Setiaries , Johan Vonny Setiaries , Zalfiatri Yelmira Setiaries
Published: May 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan perumusan terbaik betung rebung dan ikan toman dalam membuat bakso. Penelitian ini menggunakan acak lengkap desain terdiri dari lima perawatan dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Perawatan yang dilakukan adalah RT1 (betung rebung dan ikan toman 10:90), RT2 (betung rebung dan ikan toman 20:80), RT3 (betung rebung dan ikan toman 30:70), RT4 (betung rebung dan toman ikan 40: 60), RT5 (betung rebung dan toman ikan 50: 50). Data dianalisis statistik menggunakan Anova, diikuti oleh darichristin baru beberapa berbagai tes (DNMRT) pada tingkat 5%. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah RT1 (betung rebung dan ikan toman 10:90) dengan kelembaban konten 63.72%, ash content 1,53%, protein content 11.65%, lemak konten 3.66%, serat kasar content 0,98%.
Karakteristik Mi Jagung dengan Penambahan Jenis Hidrokoloid (Guar Gum dan Xanthan Gum) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi
Authors: Lubis Yanti Meldasari , Sulaiman M. Ikhsan , Hayati Masrura
Published: May 2019

Indonesia termasuk negara pengkonsumsi mi terbesar di dunia. Selma ini, mi diproduksi dari tepung gandum. Namun untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap impor gandum, perlu dicari alternatif lain sebagai bahan baku mi. Penggunaan tepung jagung dalam pembuatan mi dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif serta kandungan betakarotennya juga bermanfaat bagi bagi kesehatan. Tidak seperti gandum yang mengandung gluten sehingga adonan mudah dibentuk, pembuatan mi jagung pelu ditambahkan zat tambahan yang dapat menggantikan sifat gluten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hidrokoloid yang dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki karakteristik mi jagung. Mi yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dianalisis kadar air, kadar abu, cooking loss,uji putus, uji hedonik. Dari hasil analisis ini didapatkan sampel terbaik yang dilanjutkan analisis kadar serat kasar, kadar protein dan kadar betakaroten. Sampel terbaik yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah perlakuan xanthan gum 2% dengan hasil uji putus 2.50 cm, kadar air 40.19%, kadar abu 1.05%, cooking loss 2.21%, kadar protein sebesar 3.98%, kadar serat kasar 4.16% , kadar betakaroten 12.71 mg/L dan hasil dari uji hedonic mi jagung yaitu warna 3.36 (netral), aroma 3.24 (netral), rasa 3.00 (netral) dan tekstur 2.73  (netral).Abstract: Indonesia belongs to the country with the highest consumtion of noodle in the world. Noodle is made from imported wheat flour. However, there is a need to reduce the dependency of wheat flour by finding new sources to make noodle. Corn flour can be used as alternative besides its high content of betacarotene has health benefit for the human. Different from wheat flour which is contained gluten for dough formation, production of corn noodle need to be added with additive for replacing the function of gluten. This paper aimed to study hydrocolloids usedto improve corn noodle characteristics. The result noodle is then analyzed water content, ash content, cooking loss, breaking test, hedonic test. From the results of this analysis obtained the best sample by analysis of crude fiber content, protein content and beta-carotene content. The best samples obtained from this research are xanthan gum 2% treatment with 2.50 cm breaking test, moisture content 40.19%, 1.05% ash content, 2.21% cooking loss, 3.98% protein content, 4.16% crude fiber content, beta-carotene content 12.71 mg / L and hedonic test obtained colors , aromas, flavors and textures are all neutral.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabika L.) Menjadi Minuman Sari Pulp Kopi dengan Penambahan Sari Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dan Lemon (Citrus limon)
Authors: Arpi Normalina , Rasdiansyah Rasdiansyah , Widayat Heru Prono , Foenna Ramadhana Fajri
Published: May 2019

Limbah pulp merah kopi (Coffea sp.) mengandung kafein, senyawa fenolik dan antioksidan alami seperti antosianin, betakaroten, polifenol, dan vitamin C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis jeruk, konsentrasi jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dan lemon (Citrus limon) serta penambahan gula terhadap mutu minuman sari pulp kopi arabika (Coffea arabika L.). Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Faktor 1 jenis jeruk yaitu (J) yaitu J1 = jeruk nipis dan J2 = lemon. Faktor 2, konsentrasi sari jeruk (S) yaitu S1 = 20%, S2 = 30% dan S3 = 40%, serta faktor 3, konsentrasi gula (K) yaitu K1 = 20% dan K2 = 30% dari berat sari pulp kopi. Proses pengolahan dan pemanasan sari pulp kopi dengan penambahan jeruk nipis atau lemon menjadi minuman sari pulp kopi menyebabkan penurunan kandungan vitamin C dan pH. Perlakuan terbaik dalam pembuatan minuman sari pulp kopi yaitu menggunakan jeruk nipis dengan konsentrasi 20% dan gula 30% yang menghasilkan minuman sari pulp kopi dengan nilai sensori hedonik yang lebih baik, dan aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH) 74,9 %, vitamin C 17,6 mg/100g, gula reduksi 19,4 mg/ml, pH 3,40.
Perubahan Karakteristik Kimia dan Mikrobiologis Jruek Drien (Durian Fermentasi Khas Aceh) selama Fermentasi
Authors: Muzaifa Murna , Moulana Ryan , Aisyah Yuliani , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Rahmi Faidha
Published: May 2019

Jruek drien is one of traditional fermented food of Aceh. This product made from flash of durio that fermented without starter addition. Explorative research has been conducted to examine the change of chemical and microbiological characteristics of jruek drien during fermentation. This study used completely randomized design with single factor (length of fermentation: 1,3,5 and 7 days). The parameters analyzed were water content, pH, total acid, total sugars, total lactic acid bacteria and yeast. The results showed that water content and acid total were increased while pH and sugar content were decreased. The highest total of lactic acid bacteria was found on day 3. Yeast detected only on early fermentation and no detected on 7th day.
Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Agroindustri Bubuk Cincau Hitam (Mesona palustris)
Authors: Cholilie Irvan Adhin
Published: May 2019

Potensi tanaman cincau hitam atau janggelan di Indonesia sangat prospektif. Tanaman ini banyak tumbuh di daerah Jawa Timur seperti Malang, Magetan, Ponorogo, dan Pacitan. Pada tahun 2010 hasil produksi cincau hitam kering (janggelan) sebesar 568 ton dengan produktivitas total sebesar 8,6 ton/tahun. Selain itu, tanaman ini juga dapat selalu tersedia sepanjang tahun karena bermitra dengan para petani. Aspek finansial merupakan bagian terpenting yang harus diperhatikan dalam studi kelayakan bisnis. Analisa terhadap aspek finansial dari suatu studi kelayakan proyek bertujuan untuk menentukan rencana investasi berdasarkan perhitungan biaya dan manfaat yang di harapkan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan cara  membandingkan antara pengeluaran dan pendapatan, seperti ketersediaan dana, biaya modal awal, kemampuan proyek untuk membayar kembali dana tersebut dalam waktu yang telah ditentukan dan menilai apakah proyek akan dapat berkembang terus. Dari hasil perhitungan analisis finansial diperoleh bahwa pendirian pabrik bubuk cincau hitam dengan beberapa kriteria kelayakan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan daun cincau hitam kering dapat menghasilkan nilai B/C ratio sebesar 2,01. Dengan umur proyek selama 20 tahun, dibutuhkan total modal investasi sebesar Rp 72.641.348.806,03 dan biaya produksi pada tahun pertama sebesar Rp 25.644.493.112,79. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan harga pokok produksi sebesar Rp 1.043,48/sachet kemudian produk dijual dengan harga senilai Rp 2.000,- termasuk PPN 10%. Besarnya modal investasi pendirian pabrik dapat ditutupi dalam masa pengembalian selama 3 tahun 5 bulan. Total pendapatan yang diperoleh perusahaan mencapai Rp 49.152.000.000,- dengan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp   124.948.645.377,15; Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 44%; dan Profitability Index sebesar 3,54. BEP dicapai pada tingkat produksi bubuk cincau hitam sebesar 849.831 sachet atau senilai Rp 1.699.661.968,36. Berdasarkan keseluruhan kriteria-kriteria kelayakan tersebut, maka unit agroindustri bubuk cincau hitam ini dapat dikatakan layak untuk direalisasikan.
Utilization of Siwalan (Borassus flabellifer L.) Plantation Waste for Kraft Paper Production
Authors: Gabriel Azmi Alvian , Mardhiyyah Yunita Siti
Published: May 2019

Borassus flabellifer L., one of the palm-based commodities in Indonesia which is grows in dry areas especially around the north coast of Java Island. An abundant waste of this plant is a leaf midrib and fruit fiber have an opportunity as a source of lignocellulose for the paper industry. In this study, Kraft paper production was conducted to know the influence of the proportion of Borassus flabellifer L. leaf midrib pulp and fruit fiber pulp, and the concentration of Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) adhesives on the sensory and physical quality of kraft paper. The research method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The Friedman test was used to determine the sensory quality of kraft paper. The physical quality of kraft paper was used ANOVA analysis. The results showed that the treatment of raw material proportion and PVAc adhesive concentration had significant effect on color, surface texture, yield, and tensile resistance, but not significantly different between treatment of gramature and tear resistance. The best treatment of sensory tests was kraft paper with proportion of leaf midrib pulp 50% and fruit fiber pulp 50% and a 7.5% PVAc adhesive concentration. It has a yield value of 72.11%, gramature of 162.80 g/m2, tensile strength of 1.70 %, and tear resistance of 197.6 gf.
Pembuatan Sabun Cair dengan Menggunakan Bahan Baku Minyak Jarak (Castor Oil) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Infused Oil Teh Putih (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Widyasanti Asri , Septianur Asep Slamet , Rosalinda Sarinarulita
Published: May 2019

Sabun cair adalah sabun berbentuk cairan, memiliki keunggulan seperti mudah dibawa berpergian dan lebih higienis. Sabun dibuat dengan mereaksikan minyak/lemak bersama alkali. Pada penelitian ini sabun dibuat dari bahan utama yaitu minyak jarak yang sebelumnya ditambahkan teh putih menggunakan metode heat infusions, KOH dan beberapa bahan pendukung lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis korelasi-regresi yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui mutu sabun cair yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu perbandingan antara minyak jarak dengan teh putih pada pembuatan infused oil, perlakuan A = 400:0 (b/b), B = 400:12,5 (b/b), C = 400:16,6 (b/b), D = 400:25 (b/b), dan E = 400:50 (b/b). Pengujian sampel sabun dilakukan terhadap bobot jenis, pH, Angka Lempeng Total sesuai dengan SNI sabun cair 06-4085-1996, uji organoleptik dan aktivitas antibakteri. Menurut analisis, sabun cair yang dihasilkan dari semua perlakuan sudah sesuai dengan syarat mutu SNI sabun cair 06-4085-1996. Menurut analisis uji organoleptik, dari total 30 panelis sebanyak 37% panelis menempatkan sabun perlakuan E pada peringkat 1. Sabun terbaik menurut aktivitas antibakteri adalah sabun perlakuan E dengan diamater daya hambat sebesar 16,92 mm yang memiliki nilai bobot jenis sebesar 1,0245; nilai Angka Lempeng Total sebesar 0,525 × 105 dan nilai pH sebesar 9,63.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensori Permen Jelly Kulit Buah Kopi dengan Penambahan Gelatin dan Sari Lemon
Authors: Zia Khalieda , Aisyah Yuliani , Zaidiyah Zaidiyah , Widayat Heru Prono
Published: May 2019

In the field of food, coffee waste begins to be developed by processing it as a beverage product. The skin of coffee fruit can also be processed as a food product, one of which is jelly candy. This study aims to study jelly candy making with the addition of gelatin as a gelling agent and the addition of lemon juice to produce coffee fruit skin jelly candy that has physicochemical and sensory characteristics that meet SNI quality requirements. The design used was factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of 2 (two) factors. Factor I concentration of gelatin (G) and Factor II is the concentration of lemon water (L). Factor I consists of 4 levels, namely G1 = 10%, G2 = 15%, G3 = 20% and G4 = 25%, while factor II consists of 3 levels, namely L1 = 5%, L2 = 10% and L3 = 15%. Each treatment was repeated 2 times to obtain 24 experimental units.The concentration of gelatin and the concentration of lemon have a very significant effect on water content and pH value. The concentration of lemon has a significant effect on the value of hedonic organoleptic taste. Both interactions have a very significant effect on the value of organoleptic hedonic texture. The results of the analysis of coffee fruit peel jelly candy have an average moisture content of 21.25%, 0.95% ash content, pH 4.53, sensory hedonic color (3.50 neutral reception), aroma (3.48 neutral acceptance), taste (3.50 neutral acceptance), texture (3.59 likes reception).The results showed that 10% gelatin concentration and 10% lemon concentration (G1L2) were the best treatments obtained through the ranking test. The jelly candy produced has 21.32% moisture content characteristics, 1.55% ash content, pH 4.71, 14.09% antioxidant activity, 3.03 mg / 100g vitamin C levels, 3.55 sensory colors (likes) , aroma 3.45 (neutral), taste 3.48 (neutral) and texture 3.43 (neutral).
Penambahan Tepung Tulang Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) Sebagai Sumber Kalsium dan Fosfor Pembuatan Donat Panggang
Authors: Bakhtiar Bakhtiar , Rohaya Syarifah , Ayunda Hanif Muchdatul Ayunda
Published: May 2019

Tepung tulang ikan bandeng memiliki kandungan kalsium dan fosfor yang tinggi dan dapat menjadi sumber alternatif untuk pemenuhan kalsium dan fosfor dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap donat dengan penambahan tepung tulang ikan bandeng dan pengaruh suhu pemanggangan donat, serta menjadi sumber alternatif pemenuhan kalsium dan fosfor dalam tubuh. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri atas 2 (dua) faktor. Faktor pertama adalah penambahan tepung tulang ikan bandeng dalam adonan kue donat (T) dengan 3 taraf yaitu T1 = 5%, T2 = 7,5%, dan T3 = 10% dari berat tepung terigu. Faktor kedua adalah suhu pemanggangan (S) yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu S1 = 170oC, dan S2 = 180oC. Setiap perlakuan diulang 3 (tiga) kali sehingga diperoleh 18 satuan percobaan. Rendemen tepung tulang ikan bandeng yang diperoleh dari proses penepungan yaitu 57,1% dengan nilai kadar kalsium sebesar 5,24% dan fosfor 2,36%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa donat panggang dengan penambahan tepung tulang ikan bandeng sebanyak 5% dan suhu pemanggangan 170oC lebih disukai dari semua perlakuan. Nilai terhadap kadar air yaitu  sebesar 17,37%, kadar protein 40,43%, kadar abu 8,39%, kadar lemak 0,03%, kadar kalsium 0,31%, dan kadar fosfor 0,22%. Nilai rata-rata organoleptik terhadap warna yaitu 3,80 (suka), rasa 3,11 (netral), aroma 2,63 (netral), dan tekstur 3,29 (netral).
A study on correlation of placenta praevia with previous caesarean section and other risk factors
Authors: Kaul Somika , Mir Shahida
Published: May 2019

Background: Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable maternal mortality worldwide. One of the major contributors to obstetric haemorrhage is antepartum haemorrhage which is mainly caused by placenta praevia and abruptio placenta. The study aims to quantify the risk of placenta praevia based on the presence and number of caesarean sections and to assess other risk factors.Methods: This study was a prospective case control study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Lalla Ded hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India from August 2009 to October 2010. As per the inclusion and exclusion criteria of study 100 cases and 200 controls were selected and the association of placenta praevia with proposed risk factors was analysed statistically.Results: Present study showed that the risk of developing placenta praevia in future pregnancy increased steadily as the number of previous caesarean sections increased, risk being 2.1, 2.8 and 4 times with previous one, two and three caesarean deliveries respectively. Similarly, the risk of developing placenta praevia was more in women with history of previous abortion (risk being 2.8 and 6.5 times more in women with one and two abortions in the past). Previous dilatation and curettage and age more than 30 years also proved to be independent risk factors.Conclusions: To conclude advanced maternal age, previous abortion, dilatation and curettage and a history of previous caesarean section appear to increase the occurrence of placenta praevia. The study strongly emphasises the need to decrease the primary caesarean section rate.
Clinicopathological study of benign and malignant ovarian tumours and the role of HER2/neu and ER expression in these tumours
Authors: Verma Nidhi , Grover Kriti , Sharma S. P. , Gupta Priya , Singh Preeti , Singh Anshu
Published: May 2019

Background: Ovarian cancers represent the 6th most common cancer among females and are the most common cause of death from gynaecological cancers in the world. The aim is to do clinicopathologic study of ovarian tumours along with evaluation of the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2/neu).Methods: A total of 85 cases of ovarian tumors were studied and immunohistochemistry was performed with specific antibodies against ER and HER2/neu as per standard protocol.Results: In present study, surface epithelial tumours were the commonest type comprising 64 cases (75.2%), followed by Germ cell tumours, 17cases (20%) and sex cord stromal tumours, 04 cases (4.8%).Among the surface epithelial tumours , ER‑positive cases were higher in malignant (71.4%) tumours as compared to borderline tumours (33.3%) and benign tumours (7.7%) while Her2/neu positive cases were higher in borderline (66.7%) tumours as compared to malignant tumours (42.9%) and benign tumours (15.3%).Among the germ cell tumours, ER expression was positive in 62.5% cases of mature teratoma while HER2/neu expression was positive in only 12.5% cases of mature teratoma. None of the sex cord stromal tumours showed positive expression of ER and HER2/neu.Conclusions: Positive expression of estrogen receptors is seen predominantly in surface epithelial malignancies and in mature teratoma. It proves the mitogenic role of estrogen in ovarian tumours. Her-2 neu was expressed mainly in malignant tumours. This suggests their carcinogenic role. This also helps in differentiating borderline and malignant tumours.
Clinical and immunological responses of zidovudine lamivudine-nevirapine versus tenofovir lamivudine-efavirenz antiretroviral treatment among HIV-1 infected adults: Gandhi Hospital, Telangana, India
Authors: Pandharpurkar Deepak , Krishna Gudikandula , Mallikarjun P.
Published: May 2019

Background: HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy) is the cornerstone of management of patients with HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy was started in the year 1986 with the first drug Zidovudine (ZDV). Later on, other antiretroviral drugs (NRTIs, NNRTIs and Pls) were introduced. Dual and mono therapies were used initially but the problem of resistance emerged. Currently, 3 or more ARV drugs are recommended globally for the treatment of people with HIV infection.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a tertiary care Hospital over 200 patients, two commonly used medications are ZLN (Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz ). The factors considered to affect the clinical and immunologic outcomes in both groups were assessed using baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical staging, presence of chronic diarrhea, anemia, and baseline weight, occurrence of TB, and switching of ART regimen.Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. ART documents of 100 patients are on Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and 100 patients are on TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz) regimen. Out of 200 patients, 97 were males and 103 were females. Maximum number of subjects were in the age of 15-45 years (82.5%) followed by 45 and above (17.5%). Mean age was 34.5±2.5 (years) with range 15 to 65 years. The baseline CD4 count of the patients, 94 were <350 and 6 were ≥350 on ZLN, in case of TLE 82 were <350 and 18 were ≥350. CD4 count after 6 months in 200 patients as follows, 60 were <350 and 40 were ≥350 in case of TLE 53 were <350 and 47 were ≥350.Conclusions: This research finding concluded that there is no critical difference between the two medications in regards to serious adverse events but did find that TDF is superior to AZT in terms of immunologic response and adherence and more frequent emergence of resistance.
Wilson’s disease: a rare rapidly progressive presentation with atypical imaging finding
Authors: Yahya Arshad , Shamim Robina
Published: May 2019

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive inborn error of copper metabolism characterized by inability of the liver to excrete copper into the bile, with excessive deposition of copper primarily in the liver and in the brain. To report a very rare acute presentation with rapidly progressive disease with some atypical imaging finding. Wilson’s disease was diagnosed on the basis of typical clinical picture, laboratory biochemical analysis and typical imaging finding. Apart from typical findings there were some atypical and rare findings which is the purpose of reporting these are a) very rare acute presentation and very rapid progression. b) Atypical Cerebral cortical enhancing lesion in both magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography scan with hyperintensity in diffusion weighted imaging in the corresponding areas. Aggressive presentation might be due to rapid accumulation of copper in the brain leading to cytotoxic edema in the accumulated area.
Impact of percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation on non-operated kidney: a single center based study
Authors: Samaddar Debasis , Sarkar Debansu , Pal Dilip Kumar , Gupta Sandeep
Published: May 2019

Background: Effects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) operation on ipsilateral renal function are widely known but functional changes in opposite kidney are limited. Authors have conducted this study to evaluate the impact of PCNL operation on the contralateral side during early post-operative period.Methods: From 1st November 2016 to 30th September 2018, those patients presented with unilateral renal stone disease were enrolled. After exclusion they were subjected to PCNL operation under general anaesthesia. Along with preoperative period, 99 m Tc DTPA renal scan is repeated at 3rd and 14th post-operative period.Results: Out of 121 patients enrolled we included 96 patients after exclusion. They are divided into 3 age groups, 19-32, 33-47 and 48-60 years. The mean GFR at pre-operative, post-operative day-3 and 14 of normal kidney in these 3 age groups are 47.32, 47.63 and 42.32 ml/min, 44.29, 45.78 and 40.63 ml/min and 47.10, 48.47 and 41.01 ml/min respectively. At post op day-3 there are reduction of mean GFR in all age groups but statistically not significant (p >0.05). At post-operative day-14 GFR improved towards the pre-op value but the change is also not significant (p >0.05).Conclusions: There are reduction of GFR of contralateral normal kidney following PCNL operation in early post-operative period. So, along with operated kidney normal kidney also showed decrease GFR. It is better to avoid further trauma in post PCNL patient like avoidance of using nephrotoxic medication, contrast agents, ESWL, etc. This study can guide us to avoid further trauma of any kidney.
Effectiveness of transabdominal ultrasonography in assessing benign versus malignant nature of prostatomegaly
Authors: Shareef Saad , Joshi Anil
Published: May 2019

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is closely related with ageing. The present study was conducted to assess the ability of transabdominal ultrasonography in diagnosing benign and/or malignant hypertrophy of the prostate.Methods: An observational study was done in the Department of Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Hospital (Deemed to be University), Sangli, Maharashtra, India of patients who had prostatomegaly on transabdominal ultrasound examination and underwent histopathological confirmation of the lesions from 1 October 2018 till 31 December 2018. The prostate gland was assessed for volume, echotexture, morphology, focal lesions and median lobe.Results: Out of 155 patient’s benign prostatic disease was diagnosed in 116 patients, while malignancy was detected in the rest of the 39 cases. Prostate specific antigen levels were significantly higher among malignant cases (18.39±7.44 ng/ml) as compared to that of benign cases (7.51±3.22 ng/ml), p value <0.01. Benign lesions were predominantly inner glandular, while malignant cases were mainly peripheral. Moderate vascularity was found in 76.9% of the malignant cases. Focal vascular asymmetry was found in 74.4% of the malignant cases and only 12% of the benign cases. Sensitivity of transabdominal ultrasonography in diagnosing malignant prostatic lesions was 94.8%, specificity was 75% with an overall accuracy of using transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of malignant prostatic lesions in this study population was 80%.Conclusions: Transabdominal ultrasound evaluation of prostate is a simple, economical, non-invasive technique of choice due to its high accuracy in detecting size, nature of pathology as benign or malignant with fair accuracy.
Larvicidal Activity of Brusatol Isolated from Brucea javanica (L) Merr on Culex quinquefasciatus
Authors: SUTININGSIH Dwi , NURJAZULI Nurjazuli , NUGROHO Djoko , Tunggul SATOTO Tri Baskoro
Published: May 2019

Background: Vector control is still emphasized on the using of chemical insecticide which can cause death of non-target organisms, pollution and vector resistance. Therefore, natural insecticides/larvicides are an alternative to using chemical insecticides to control the mosquito vector.
Methods: Brusatol was isolated from the seeds of Makassar Fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr). Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were divided into 3 groups, i.e. 6 testing groups and one negative and positive control group. In the negative control group, the larvae were treated with 100 ml aquadest and positive control was treated with temephos 1 ppm. After 24 hours, dead larvae were calculated and the percentage of death was determined. The dead larvae were then examined for morphological changes using a light microscope.
Results: The higher of the concentration level of brusatol, the higher number of the death of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (P<0.05). The value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 50 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.010 ± 0.122 and value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 90 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.654 ± 0.081 ppm. The higher the concentration of brusatol, the morphological damage of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae was getting worse and widespread to cause damage to the digestive tract and cuticle.
Conclusion: Brusatol isolated from the seed of B. javanica (L) Merr have larvicidal activity to the Cx. quinquefasciatus which is potential to be natural larvicide.
Red Blood Cell Variables in Children and Adolescents regarding the Age and Sex
Authors: PLUNCEVIC GLIGOROSKA Jasmina , GONTAREV Serjoza , DEJANOVA Beti , TODOROVSKA Lidija , SHUKOVA STOJMANOVA Daniela , MANCHEVSKA Sanja
Published: May 2019

Background: This study aimed to assess the basic red blood cell variables and hematological indices in children and adolescents and analyze the differences regarding age and sex.
Methods: Overall, 320 young participants, age 8 to 18 yr, were enrolled at Laboratory of Sport’s Medicine, Medical Faculty, Skopje, Macedonia in 2016. Capillary blood samples were drawn and following hematologic parameters were measured: the red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit level (Hct) and hematological indexes: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and red cell distribution width (RDW).
Results: RBC variables in male group showed high statistical level of significance between age different groups (P=0.001) for all studied parameters except MCHC (P=0.423) and RDW (P=0.174). ANOVA test and multivariate tests in female group showed that there was no significant difference for all hematological parameters between age different groups. Regarding the sex differences, male participants had significantly higher red blood count (P<0.001), hemoglobin content (P<0.001) and hematocrit (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Hematological parameters in adolescent as inhomogeneous population are not quantified sufficiently, especially hematological indices. RBC variables, regardless of the age, differ very much between male and female examinees, in favor of the male examinees. Hematological indices were insignificantly higher in males. Regarding the age of examinees, RBC variables showed significant inter-groups differences only within male adolescents. While with girls, ages span 8 to 18 yr, we did not find significant differences for most of the hematological variables.
The Effect and Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Fac-tor (VEGF) on Tumor Angiogenesis in Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: XU Dongqing , Jianwen LI Jianwen , JIANG Fangfang , CAI Kaishuang , REN Guangxue
Published: May 2019

Background: To investigate the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on tumor angiogenesis in gallbladder carcinoma.
Methods: Fifty one patients with gallbladder carcinoma were enrolled as observation group. Thirty healthy people were included as control group. Chemically synthesized siRNA sequences targeting VEGF was transfected with VEGF-siRNA. A blank group (group B), a negative control group (transfected with independent sequence, group C), and an inhibition group (transfected with VEGF siRNA, group D) were established. Physiological saline was set as group A. The expression of VEGF was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of VEGF protein was detected by Western blot. MVD was used to measure microvessel density. CCK-8, Transwell and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis.
Results: The tumor volume of nude mice and VEGF mRNA expression in group D was significantly smaller than that in group B and C (P<0.05). The MVD density in group B and C was significantly higher than that in group D (P<0.01). The proliferation of cells was detected from the 3rd day, and the proliferation of cells in the blank and negative control groups was faster than that of the inhibition group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate of the blank group and the negative control group was lower than that of the inhibition group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: VEGF is highly expressed in serum of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, it promotes angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion of gallbladder cancer cells, and inhibits apoptosis of tumor cells.