bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex Chromosome Evolution, Heterochiasmy, and Physiological QTL in the Salmonid Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis
Authors: Sutherland Ben J G , Rico Ciro , Audet Céline , Bernatchez Louis
Published: June 2017

Whole-genome duplication (WGD) can have large impacts on genome evolution, and much remains unknown about these impacts. This includes the mechanisms of coping with a duplicated sex determination system and whether this has an impact on increasing the diversity of sex determination mechanisms. Other impacts include sexual conflict, where alleles having different optimums in each sex can result in sequestration of genes into nonrecombining sex chromosomes. Sex chromosome development itself may involve sex-specific recombination rate (i.e., heterochiasmy), which is also poorly understood. The family Salmonidae is a model system for these phenomena, having undergone autotetraploidization and subsequent rediploidization in most of the genome at the base of the lineage. The salmonid master sex determining gene is known, and many species have nonhomologous sex chromosomes, putatively due to transposition of this gene. In this study, we identify the sex chromosome of Brook Charr Salvelinus fontinalis and compare sex chromosome identities across the lineage (eight species and four genera). Although nonhomology is frequent, homologous sex chromosomes and other consistencies are present in distantly related species, indicating probable convergence on specific sex and neo-sex chromosomes. We also characterize strong heterochiasmy with 2.7-fold more crossovers in maternal than paternal haplotypes with paternal crossovers biased to chromosome ends. When considering only rediploidized chromosomes, the overall heterochiasmy trend remains, although with only 1.9-fold more recombination in the female than the male. Y chromosome crossovers are restricted to a single end of the chromosome, and this chromosome contains a large interspecific inversion, although its status between males and females remains unknown. Finally, we identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for 21 unique growth, reproductive, and stress-related phenotypes to improve knowledge of the genetic architecture of these traits important to aquaculture and evolution.
Transcriptional Complexity and Distinct Expression Patterns ofauts2Paralogs inDanio rerio
Authors: Kondrychyn Igor , Robra Lena , Thirumalai Vatsala
Published: June 2017

Several genes that have been implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have multiple transcripts. Therefore, comprehensive transcript annotation is critical for determining the respective gene function. The autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) gene is associated with various neurological disorders, including autism and brain malformation. AUTS2 is important for activation of transcription of neural specific genes, neuronal migration, and neurite outgrowth. Here, we present evidence for significant transcriptional complexity in the auts2 gene locus in the zebrafish genome, as well as in genomic loci of auts2 paralogous genes fbrsl1 and fbrs. Several genes that have been implicated in ASDs are large and have multiple transcripts. Neurons are especially enriched with longer transcripts compared to nonneural cell types. The human autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) gene is ∼1.2 Mb long and is implicated in a number of neurological disorders including autism, intellectual disability, addiction, and developmental delay. Recent studies show AUTS2 to be important for activation of transcription of neural specific genes, neuronal migration, and neurite outgrowth. However, much remains to be understood regarding the transcriptional complexity and the functional roles of AUTS2 in neurodevelopment. Zebrafish provide an excellent model system for studying both these questions. We undertook genomic identification and characterization of auts2 and its paralogous genes in zebrafish. There are four auts2 family genes in zebrafish: auts2a, auts2b, fbrsl1, and fbrs. The absence of complete annotation of their structures hampers functional studies. We present evidence for transcriptional complexity of these four genes mediated by alternative splicing and alternative promoter usage. Furthermore, the expression of the various paralogs is tightly regulated both spatially and developmentally. Our findings suggest that auts2 paralogs serve distinct functions in the development and functioning of target tissues.
Evidence for Adaptive Introgression of Disease Resistance Genes Among Closely Related Arabidopsis Species
Authors: Bechsgaard Jesper , Jorgensen Tove Hedegaard , Schierup Mikkel Heide
Published: June 2017

The generation and maintenance of functional variation in the pathogen defense system of plants is central to the constant evolutionary battle between hosts and parasites. If a species is susceptible to a given pathogen, hybridization and subsequent introgression of a resistance allele from a related species can potentially be an important source of new immunity and is therefore expected to be selected for in a process referred to as adaptive introgression. Here, we survey sequence variation in 10 resistance (R-) genes and compare them with 37 reference genes in natural populations of the two closely related and interfertile species: Arabidopsis lyrata and A. halleri. The R-genes are highly polymorphic in both species and show clear signs of trans-species polymorphisms. We show that A. lyrata and A. halleri have had a history of limited introgression for the reference genes. For the R-genes, the introgression rate has been significantly higher than for the reference genes, resulting in fewer fixed differences between species and a higher sharing of identical haplotypes. We conclude that R-genes likely cross the species boundaries at a higher rate than reference genes and therefore also that some of the increased diversity and trans-specific polymorphisms in R-genes is due to adaptive introgression.
A mikrorespirációs (MicroRespTM) módszer alkalmazása apajpusztai szikes talajok mikrobaközösségeinek katabolikus aktivitás mintázatának vizsgálatára
Authors: Mucsi Márton , Csontos Péter , Borsodi Andrea , Krett Gergely , Gazdag Orsolya , Szili-Kovács Tibor
Published: June 2017

A talajok hazai és nemzetközi kutatásában egyre nagyobb szerepet kap a talajok mikrobiótájának vizsgálata. Hazai viszonylatban szikes talajokon eddig kevés ilyen irányú kutatás történt. Kutatásunkban kiskunsági szikes talajok mikrobaközösségeinek katabolikus aktivitás mintázatát vizsgáltuk Apajpusztáról származó mintákon. A mintavételhez négy, a szikesedés különböző fázisaira jellemző növényzettel rendelkező területet választottunk ki (szoloncsák vaksziknövényzet, kiskunsági szikfoknövényzet, ürmös szikespuszta és füves szikespuszta), ezek területéről a talaj mikrobiológiai szempontból legaktívabbnak tekintett 0-10 cm-es rétegét mintáztuk.

A minták néhány fontosabb talajtani paraméterét meghatároztuk (szemcseösszetétel, pH, só-, humusz- és mésztartalom, valamint néhány fontosabb tápelem mennyisége). A négy eltérő növényzetű terület között a talajtani paramétereik alapján is jelentős különbségeket tapasztaltunk.

A minták mikrobiológiai aktivitását az itthon még kevéssé ismert mikrorespirációs (MicroRespTM) módszerrel vizsgáltuk. Ennek során a talajmintákhoz 23 különböző szerves szubsztrátot adtunk, és az általuk indukált légzési válaszon keresztül mértük, hogy az egyes talajminták mikrobaközösségei milyen mértékben képesek hasznosítani az egyes szubsztrátokat. Az így kapott, közösségre jellemző katabolikus aktivitás mintázatokat főkomponens elemzéssel és kanonikus korreszpondancia elemzéssel értékeltük.

Eredményeink alapján a mikrorespirációs módszer egyértelműen alkalmas az általunk vizsgált talajok mikrobiótájának elkülönítésére. Az egyes minták katabolikus aktivitás mintázatai közötti különbségek egybevágtak a minták közötti, talajfizikai és —kémiai tulajdonságban megfigyelt eltérésekkel.

A kutatást az OTKA (K 108572) támogatta.
Gyomflóra és biomassza produkció vizsgálatok trágyázási tartamkísérletben a kukorica korai fenológiai stádiumában
Authors: Mazsu Nikolett , Kamuti Mariann , Sándor Renáta , Szentes Dóra , Lehoczky Éva
Published: June 2017

A nagy területeken elterjedt gyomfajok erős alkalmazkodó képességgel rendelkeznek, így - különösen a kukorica korai fejlődési időszakában - a tápanyagokért és vízért folyó versenyben intenzív növekedésükkel a kultúrnövény fölé kerekedhetnek. A gyomflóra diverzitásának és gyomnövény-gyomnövény kapcsolatrendszernek a tápanyag-ellátottsággal összefüggésben történő vizsgálata kukorica állományban segítséget nyújthat a gyombiomassza produkció, a gyomflóra dominancia viszonyainak és a versengés várható hatásainak meghatározásában.

Kutatómunkánkat az MTA ATK TAKI nagyhörcsöki kísérleti telepén, mészlepedékes csernozjom talajon 2003-ban beállított trágyázási tartamkísérletben végeztük 2014-ben, öt kezelésben (kontroll, PK, NK, NP, NPK), hat ismétlésben a kukorica korai fejlődési szakaszaiban (BBCH 12-14 és BBCH 16-18). Öt és hét héttel a vetést követően vizsgáltuk a gyomflóra faji összetételét, a gyomnövények egyedsűrűségét, dominancia viszonyait, továbbá mértük a gyomok földfeletti biomassza tömegét.

A mintaterületeken összesen 22 gyomfaj fordult elő. A gyomflóra diverzitásában a tápanyagkezelések szerint szignifikáns eltérések mutatkoztak. A kontroll (Ø), PK és NK kezelésekben az Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. és a Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., az NP és NPK kezelésekben a Chenopodium album L., Chenopodium hybridum L. és Datura stramonium L. voltak a domináns fajok.

Az egyes gyomfajok egyedszáma és száraz biomassza tömege szignifikánsan változott a kezelések hatására. Az összes gyom egyedsűrűség az első mintavételkor 71 db·m−2 (NK) és 126 db·m−2 (NPK) között volt. Két hét alatt átlagosan 14%-kal nőtt meg: 80 (NK) és 142 db·m−2 (NPK) között volt az egy négyzetméterre eső egyedek száma. A kezelések egyedsűrűség szerinti sorrendje nem módosult, mindkét vizsgálati időpontban a következőképpen alakult: NK<NP<PK<Ø<NPK.

A gyomok összes száraz biomassza tömege mindkét vizsgált időpontban az NK kezelésben volt a legkisebb (5 és 40 g·m−2), a PK kezelésben pedig a legnagyobb (21 és 125 g·m−2). A száraz biomasszatömeg szerint az NK, NP és kontroll kezelések között nem volt szignifikáns különbség, valamint a PK és NPK kezelés között sem. A két időpont átlaga alapján a kezelések sorrendje a következő volt: NK<Ø<NP<NPK<PK. Az egyes tápanyag kezelések hatását a gyomflóra egyedsűrűségében és biomassza tömegében is kimutattuk.

Korai fenológiai fázisban a gyomok növekedését, ill. biomassza képzését az eltérő tápanyagellátás, a műtrágyázás hatására kialakuló eltérő fajösszetételű gyomnövényzet és a különböző összetételű gyomflóra kukoricával való kompetíciójának együttes hatása befolyásolta a legnagyobb mértékben.
Mikrobiális anyagcsere aktivitás-mintázat és mikorrhiza gomba kolonizáció elemzése három szikes tó melletti talaj rizoszférában
Authors: Szili-Kovács Tibor , Bárány Ágnes , Füzy Anna , Takács Tünde , Krett Gergely , Kovács Ramóna , Borsodi Andrea
Published: June 2017

A szikes talajok szélsőséges vízháztartásuk, nagy sótartalmuk és alkalikus kémhatásuk miatt az élőlények alkalmazkodását alaposan próbára teszik. A talaj mikrobiális közösség katabolikus aktivitás mintázatát hasonlítottuk össze három szikes tó, a Böddi-szék, a Kelemen-szék és a Zab-szék (Felső-Kiskunsági szikes tavak) partközeli vegetációjának rizoszférájában az iszaptól a zsiókáson és a mézpázsiton keresztül a homoki legelőig. Feltételeztük, hogy a szikes jellegben és a növényzetben meglévő különbségek a mikrobiális közösségre is hatást gyakorolnak. Kezdeti eredményeink azt mutatták, hogy a szubsztrát hasznosítási mintázat alapján az egyes minták jól elkülönültek egymástól. Az alaprespiráció elsősorban a talaj humusztartalmával mutatott szoros összefüggést. A katabolikus aktivitás mintázatokat 5 szubsztrát alapján a gázkromatográfiás SIR méréssel a pH és EC, míg 15 szubsztrát alapján mikrorespirációval a pH és humusztartalom szignifikánsan befolyásolta, a növényzet közvetlen hatása kevésbé volt igazolható.

A szélsőséges talajtulajdonságokkal jellemezhető élőhelyeken, mint amilyenek a szikesek, a növények túlélésében az arbuszkuláris mikorhiza (AM) gombák fontos szerepet játszanak. Az AM gombák kolonizációjában jelentős különbség adódott két domináns növényfaj, a sziki őszirózsa és a sziki mézpázsit között, az előbbi jóval erőteljesebb kolonizációt mutatott. Ugyanazon növényfaj AM kolonizációja a három területen eltérő volt, ami nem magyarázható a talaj tulajdonságokkal.

A kutatást az OTKA (K 108572) támogatta.
Distribution extension for Hydrodynastes melanogigas Franco, Fernandes & Bentim, 2007 (Serpentes: Dipsadidae: Xenodontinae) in the Araguaia-Tocantins basin, Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Santos-Jr Alfredo P. , Adams Guilherme B. , Buhler Daniel , Ribeiro Síria , Carvalho Thiago S.
Published: June 2017

We present new records for Hydrodynastes melanogigas Franco, Fernandes & Bentim, 2007, from eastern Mato Grosso state, Central Brazil. The four specimens found in the municipalities of Novo Santo Antônio and Ribeirão Cascalheira represent the first records in the state of Mato Grosso, and expand the species’ known distribution some 380 km southwest
Large and medium-sized mammals of Nova Baden State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Rosa Clarissa Alves da , Souza Agnis Cristiane
Published: June 2017

Nova Baden State Park (NBSP) is located in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest which is a biodiversity hotspot and priority for conservation. Our aim is to provide a list of large and medium-sized mammal species recorded in NBSP. We made a camera trap survey and opportunistic observations from December 2014 to September 2015, and searched the grey literature. We recorded 12 large and medium-sized mammals in our survey and 11 more species listed in grey literature. The 23 species registered for NBSP belong to eight orders (Carnivora, Primates, Rodents, Cingulata, Pilosa, Didephimorphia, Lagomorpha and Artiodactyla), including threatened species at local, national and global levels. With an important mammal biodiversity, we concluded that avoidance of poaching and the control of domestic dogs need to be priorities for biodiversity conservation of NBSP, with a political management that includes the local community in Park activities.
Range extension of brachyuran crabs of the family Camptandriidae Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in Indian waters
Authors: Trivedi Jigneshkumar N. , Trivedi Dhruva J. , Vachharajani Kauresh D.
Published: June 2017

We report the presence of 3 species of brachyuran crabs, Opusia indica (Alcock, 1900), Nasima dotilliformis (Alcock, 1900) and Leptochryseus kuwaitensis (Jones & Clayton, 1983) (family Camptandriidae), for the first time from Indian waters. The species are so far reported from Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. Records of these species in Indian waters extend their distribution range in the northern Indian Ocean.
High-performance pseudocapacitor electrode materials: cobalt (II) chloride–GQDs electrodes
Authors: Kharangarh Poonam Rani , Umapathy Siva , Singh Gurmeet , Sharma Raj Kishore , Kumar Akshay
Published: June 2017

This paper reports an effective synthesis, for the first time, of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2)-doped graphene quantum dots (cobalt (II) chloride–GQDs). Excellent results were obtained by using cobalt (II) chloride powder and graphene oxide as source materials in a facile hydrothermal process. The prepared materials were characterized by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL). HRTEM images suggest that the diameter of the majority of the cobalt (II) chloride–GQDs is in the narrow range of 2·5–7 nm, much smaller than that of GQDs, which are approximately 15 nm. By using different excitation energies in PL, the appearance of a peak introduces an additional energy level between π and π*, reinforcing the cobalt (II) chloride doping process. The authors observed that cobalt (II) chloride electrodes can exhibit a reversible redox reaction of Co2+ ↔ Co4+ and show specific pseudocapacitance of ∼300 F/g. The new charge storage mechanism using cobalt (II) chloride electrodes is easily scalable and highly economical for future pseudocapacitors and can be extended to a large variety of commercial inorganic salt electrodes.
Short-term environment-dependent creep and shrinkage of mature concrete
Authors: Tabatabai Habib , Oesterle Ralph G.
Published: June 2017

The objective of this research was to experimentally assess the relative significance of short-term environment-dependent creep and shrinkage strains on the relief of temperature-induced restraint stresses in bridges. Although substantial theoretical and experimental works have been performed on long-term creep and shrinkage effects under varying environmental conditions, controlled experimental works on short-term creep and shrinkage effects under realistic outdoor ambient conditions are lacking. In this study, multiple short-duration tests were performed on concrete cylinders (in Chicago, IL, USA) to evaluate the short-term environment-dependent creep and shrinkage of mature concrete caused by outdoor environmental variations. The results indicate that short-term environment-dependent creep and shrinkage of concrete are each limited to a maximum of approximately 15% of the corresponding changes in temperature strains. However, the values of short-term environment-dependent creep and shrinkage can be high compared with indoor (laboratory) creep and shrinkage strains occurring within the same brief time frame. Environment-dependent creep tends to compensate for an increase in temperature strains. Environment-dependent shrinkage also tends to compensate for an increase in temperature strains, except when concrete temperatures are below the freezing point. Overall, the beneficial influence of short-term environment-dependent creep and shrinkage on daily thermal strains and stresses is relatively small.
Measuring International Uncertainty: The Case of Korea
Authors: Shin Minchul , Zhang Boyuan , Zhong Molin , Lee Dong Jin
Published: June 2017

We leverage a data rich environment to construct and study a measure of macroeconomic uncertainty for the Korean economy. We provide several stylized facts about uncertainty in Korea from 1991M10-2016M5. We compare and contrast this measure of uncertainty with two other popular uncertainty proxies, financial and policy uncertainty proxies, as well as the U.S. measure constructed by Jurado et. al. (2015).
Flexural Strength Deterioration of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Due to High Temperature.
Authors: Kadir Mohammed , Musa Ismail
Published: June 2017

There are important cases in which concrete is exposed to high temperatures such as fire, chimneys and refractory structures, etc. exposing concrete to high temperature causes strength deterioration, increase in drying shrinkages, and the reduction in bond strength with reinforcement.

This investigation is carried out to study the effect of steel fiber addition on flexural strength deterioration of concrete exposed to high temperatures in the range of 20o to 800o C. The following variables are taken in to account: type of mix, fiber content and aspect ratio, heating duration and type of cooling. Test results have shown that the inclusion of steel fibers in concrete reduces the amount of strength loss due to heating, the degree of strength deterioration depends on the fiber content and high temperatures, and the bulk flexural strength lose occurs within two hours of heat exposure.
A study of the effect of replacing part of the soybeans in the diet of bean, chickpea and rice slurry in the diet of laying hens on the characteristics of egg production.
Authors: Ali Khasraw , Ahmed Shwan , Rasheed Saman
Published: June 2017

This study was conducted on 16,000 laying hens distributed into four groups, the Qarna group and three other groups in which it was decided to replace part of the soybeans with green beans, chickpeas and rice slurry.The effect of these substances on the following characteristics has been studied:Number of eggs, egg production %, average egg weight, average daily feed consumption per chicken, average feed consumed per egg, average body weight and mortality percentage from week 23 to week 32 of the mother. The results showed that there were no significant differences at the level of probability 5% and 1% among the four treatments in relation to the number of eggs, egg production %, while the differences were significant at the level of probability 1% in relation to the amount of feed in the treatment in which chickpeas were used.
Memorial Culture in Ukraine in the Context of Media Perception of Historical Problems (based on documentaries about the Holocaust and Holodomor)
Authors: Grimm Juergen , Rizun Volodymyr , Enzminger Andreas , Havrylets Yurii , Tukaiev Sergii , Khylko Maksym , Bogdana Nosova Bogdana Nosova
Published: June 2017

This study sets out the results of media effects experiment of two historical documentaries, conducted within joint research project “Broadcasting History in the Transnational Space” by the Vienna University and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv researchers’ team. The main objectives of the study were to explore the impact of Holocaust and Holodomor documentaries on personal traits changing, psychological inclinations, as well as on representations of historical issues. Juergen Grimm’s model “Multidimensional-Imparting-of-History” (MIH) was used for assessing imparting history. The method of modelling was the basic method used during the research. It covers empirical indices of humanitarian values, national identity as well as European and Asian identification. Total of 185 student volunteers (1st to 3rd year of studies at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv) were involved in the experiment. Students watched two documentaries about two major historical tragedies of the 20th century: Holocaust (Genocide of Jews) in Europe during 1939–1945 and Holodomor (Great Artificial Famine) in Ukraine during 1932–1933. Before and after being exposed to the documentaries, students filled out a questionnaire that included social-identity, national-identity as well as psychological parts. The main finding of the experiment is the students’ significant predilection to compromise and reduce conflictive and aggression traits. Under the impact of both documentaries, we observed the growth of the disposition for transnational and trans-ethnic community-building (Communitas Skills) and general tendency towards cosmopolitan problem-solving and commitment for universal human rights (Political Humanitas).
PRINCIPAIS TIPOLOGIAS DE EXPLORAÇÕES AGRÍCOLAS NA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
Authors: Santos Maria José Palma Lampreia dos
Published: June 2017

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo caracterizar e segmentar as explorações agrícolas dos vinte e oito Estados Membros da União Europeia. Para esse efeito, utilizam-se técnicas de análise de cluster de casos e de cluster de explorações. Foram obtidos quatro grupos de explorações nos vinte e oito Estados Membros da União Europeia. Os grupos de explorações distinguem-se pelas suas características estruturais, financeiras, orientação produtiva e importância dos subsídios recebidos da Política Agrícola Comum. Estes resultados sugerem a definição de uma Política Agrícola Comum diferenciada e adaptada aos quatro clusters existentes. Sugere-se ainda o desenvolvimento de tipologias de explorações na União Europeia com dados mais robustos de todas as regiões dos diferentes países, de forma a obter tipologias de todas as regiões europeias.
ESTUDIO DE CORRELACIÓN Y FORMA FUNCIONAL DEL COSTO DE ALIMENTACIÓN EN GANADERÍA
Authors: De Batista Marianela , Pesce Gabriela , Piñeiro Verónica
Published: June 2017

El trabajo aborda la problemática de conocer el comportamiento del costo de alimentación, uno de los componentes más relevantes de los costos de la actividad ganadera bovina. Para ello se estudia la variabilidad y la forma funcional del mismo en la cría y la invernada, analizando la proporción del componente variable y fijo y su conducta ante diferentes niveles de actividad. Metodológicamente se trabaja con un modelo teórico para entender el comportamiento de la función de producción, el componente físico y el monetario del costo de alimentación; y luego se plantea un análisis empírico simulando casos tipo para cría e invernada. El estudio permite demostrar, con fundamentos cuantitativos y gráficos, que el costo de alimentación de la cría presenta un comportamiento predominantemente fijo, mientras que el del rodeo de invernada es íntegramente variable.
CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA OVINOCULTURA: UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DOS PRODUTORES
Authors: Malheiros Marco Antonio da Costa , Höfler Claudio Edilberto , Patias Jovani
Published: June 2017

O Rio Grande do Sul foi um dos maiores detentores do rebanho ovino no Brasil, porém, enfrentou severas crises no setor, vindo a reduzir drasticamente a criação, desestruturando definitivamente a cadeia produtiva. Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a cadeia produtiva da ovinocultura, visando à reestruturação, sob o ponto de vista do produtor rural. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, com análise qualitativa. Para a obtenção dos dados foram aplicados questionários com cem produtores rurais da ovinocultura, residentes na região da Campanha, no Rio Grande do Sul, entre fevereiro e março de 2013, sendo os questionários aplicados de forma presencial. Após a interpretação dos dados percebeu-se que a cadeia produtiva se encontra desestruturada e a necessidade de uma nova rearmonização do setor ovinocultor, pois o produtor rural ainda tem uma visão míope de como seus produtos podem agregar valor com a cadeia produtiva novamente estruturada.
ARMAZENAGEM E GANHOS LOGÍSTICOS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA PARA COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DA SOJA EM MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Delai Ana Paula Dalmagro , Araujo Jaylton Bonacina de , Reis João Gilberto Mendes dos , Silva Luciana Ferreira da
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a melhor estratégia que o produtor de soja, do município de Amambai, no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, pode obter maior vantagem logística com a venda ou armazenagem dos grãos. A pesquisa utilizou-se de metodologia exploratória e descritiva de dados secundários referentes aos preços de frete, armazenagem, produção de soja e preço da saca para as safras de 2012/2013, 2013/2014 e 2014/2015. Além destes, foram utilizados dados primários, coletados por meio de entrevista aos produtores rurais de uma cooperativa da região. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que existe grande incerteza quanto ao tempo de armazenagem, dado que os custos com armazenagem e frete impactam diretamente na receita final do produtor. A pesquisa demonstrou também que devido à oscilação de preços da soja, a armazenagem torna-se necessária. Finalmente verificou-se uma maior rentabilidade quando a comercialização foi realizada 30 dias após a colheita
STAKEHOLDERS DA BOVINOCULTURA DE CORTE SUSTENTÁVEL NO BRASIL
Authors: Azevedo Denise Barros de , Osorio Raissa Macedo Lacerda , Grundling Roberta Dalla Porta , Malafaia Guilherme Cunha , Domingues Vinicius Castro , Silva Lucas Borges
Published: June 2017

A preocupação com a sustentabilidade, que emergiu principalmente a partir de eventos internacionais, passou a ser visível também na política em geral e nas estruturas de governo, sendo notável o esforço em vincular discursos políticos com a noção de sustentabilidade. Porém, o que a sociedade realmente anseia é pela prática do discurso, por um mundo em que as dimensões da sustentabilidade sejam reconhecidas, discutidas e respeitadas. Neste ínterim, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as principais discussões em torno da temática da sustentabilidade e os stakeholders que as conduzem na Câmara Setorial da cadeia produtiva da carne bovina no Brasil nos últimos cinco anos. Para tal, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa em torno dos diálogos e ações na referida Câmara Setorial. Esta pesquisa lançou mão do método de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2006), por meio do qual foram definidas categorias de análise a priori, à luz da literatura. Foram atas de 16 reuniões, embora tenham acontecido, no total, 18 reuniões no período considerado. Como resultados, foi percebida uma preocupação maior em torno da dimensão ecológica da sustentabilidade, enquanto que as outras dimensões foram pouco ou nada discutidas. A análise das atas e pautas, porém, indica que essa temática já estava definida em pauta, o que pode auxiliar a compreensão dos assuntos debatidos nas reuniões analisadas. Percebeu-se que as discussões em torno de todas as questões envolvendo a sustentabilidade foram, em sua maioria, conduzidas pelos mesmos stakeholders durante as reuniões, o que sinaliza baixa participação dos demais.
DIMENSÕES E LÓGICAS DO ARRENDAMENTO RURAL NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Castro Luís Felipe Perdigão de
Published: June 2017

A partir de dados dos Censos Agropecuários (1995 e 2006), à luz da interpretação econômica e sociológica do Direito, pesquisam-se elementos relacionados às opções de arrendamento rural, em estudo de caso no município de Rio Verde (GO). O objetivo é investigar como a decisão sobre acessar terras, pela via contratual (arrendamento rural), é uma decorrência do “habitus” da categoria social, interpretado como dimensões e lógicas do processo decisório. Foca-se na formação dos arrendamentos rurais no contexto da agricultura familiar, bem como no “habitus” dessa categoria social, enquanto fator central para a decisão de acessar terras através do arrendamento em Rio Verde (GO).
RASTREABILIDADE NA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DO LEITE COMO VANTAGEM COMPETITIVA
Authors: Rauta Jamir , Paetzold Leandro José , Winck César Augutus
Published: June 2017

Este estudo objetivou entender a rastreabilidade como instrumento de vantagem competitiva para a cadeia produtiva do leite, de forma a fortalecê-la junto aos seus atores e em relação ao mercado, especialmente o consumidor, incluindo o externo. A pesquisa utilizou abordagem qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso e entrevistas semiestruturadas em uma indústria de laticínios da região Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Identificou-se que a inserção da rastreabilidade para esta indústria foi uma sugestão do fornecedor da tecnologia e uma estratégia de marketing, mas que para sua implantação era preciso alto investimento, divulgação da ferramenta, geração de cultura sobre o assunto, correto trato das informações e mão de obra especializada. Concluiu-se que no Brasil são necessárias profissionalização e pesquisas, no que tange a novas tecnologias a um custo menor, bem como desenvolver atividades, demonstrando a importância e resultados da rastreabilidade, sobre a decisão de compra dos consumidores, considerando qualidade dos produtos e segurança alimentar.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DO CAPIM ELEFANTE E SUA RELEVÂNCIA COMO MATÉRIA-PRIMA PARA A PRODUÇÃO ENERGÉTICA
Authors: Rocha Angela Machado , Silva Marcelo Santana , Fernandes Fábio Matos , Paulillo Luis Cesar M. S. , Torres Ednildo Andrade
Published: June 2017

Mudanças climáticas e insegurança energética têm contribuído para a demanda crescente por biocombustíveis. O capim elefante, amplamente cultivado no Brasil e utilizado como alimentação animal, está entre as espécies forrageiras de maior eficiência fotossintética para a produção de biomassa com alto teor de lignina, possibilitando o seu uso para fins energéticos como a produção de etanol celulósico. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma prospecção tecnológica de artigos e patentes sobre o uso do capim elefante e sua utilização como matéria-prima para a produção energética. Realizou-se uma prospecção tecnológica de publicações relacionadas à biomassa do capim elefante, onde foram extraídos artigos da base de dados Web of Science®, da Thomson Reuters e das patentes depositadas na European Patent Office (EPO). Concluiu-se que existe um aumento significativo de publicações de artigos em periódicos e de patentes relacionados ao capim elefante e o Brasil é líder em publicações nas áreas agrícola e veterinária, porém, são poucos os artigos da área de biotecnologia relacionados à produção de biocombustíveis de 2ª geração. Foi observado o predomínio dos autores brasileiros, bem como a liderança das instituições brasileiras sobre o tema. Os resultados apresentados podem ser atribuídos ao recente interesse pelo capim elefante para uso energético e fonte de matéria-prima para a produção de etanol de etanol de 2ª geração.
FLORA VASCULAR DE UM REMANESCENTE DE FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL, NO MUNICÍPIO DE MARINGÁ, PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Garcia Letícia Mônica , Romagnolo Mariza Barion , Souza Luiz Antonio de
Published: June 2017

Objetivou-se inventariar e caracterizar a composição florística de um remanescente florestal e contribuir com o conhecimento da flora do Estado do Paraná. As coletas de material botânico foram realizadas entre maio de 2009 e outubro de 2011, e em junho de 2014, por meio de caminhadas aleatórias. Foram coletadas amostras de indivíduos: arbóreos, arbustivos, herbáceos, lianas e epífitas. O material coletado foi herborizado de acordo com os métodos usuais e incorporado no acervo do HUEM. A identificação foi realizada com emprego de bibliografia específica e por comparação com o material do acervo do HUEM e HCF, seguindo-se o sistema APG III para famílias de angiospermas. Foram coletados e identificados 279 táxons, distribuídos em 66 famílias, 213 gêneros e 244 espécies. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram: Fabaceae (31), Asteraceae (24), Solanaceae (15), Sapindaceae (12), Euphorbiaceae e Malvaceae (11), Myrtaceae (10), Bignoniaceae (9), Rutaceae (8), Apocynaceae, Malpighiaceae, Meliaceae, Piperaceae e Rubiaceae (7). Nessas famílias estão contidas 59,5% das espécies. Quanto ao hábito, o arbóreo foi predominante, com 107 indivíduos (38,4%), 95,5% (236 spp.) das espécies são nativas e apenas 4,5% (11 spp.) são naturalizadas. Nove espécies encontram-se na lista da flora ameaçadas de extinção. Neste estudo foi apurada uma elevada diversidade florística, similar a resultados obtidos por outros autores em áreas de domínio da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual.
VARIABILIDADE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA AO LONGO DE SEÇÃO DE MONITORAMENTO DO RIO IGUAÇU
Authors: Gonçalves Vanessa Daneluz , Fernandes Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo
Published: June 2017

As NBRs nº 9.897 (ABNT, 1987a) e nº 9.898 (ABNT, 1987b) auxiliam no monitoramento de recursos hídricos de modo a sugerir a localização e o número de postos amostrais, inclusive aqueles ao longo de uma seção transversal do rio que variam conforme a sua largura e profundidade. Contudo, diante da complexidade e dos recursos necessários à prática de monitoramento de rios, é comum sacrificar tal amostragem para fazê-la de uma margem do rio. Para verificar o grau de influência do local de amostragem, avaliou-se neste trabalho a variação de concentrações de parâmetros de qualidade da água ao longo de uma seção transversal de rio, em diferentes condições hidrológicas. Para tanto, foram monitorados cinco pontos amostrais distribuídos ao longo da seção de estudo. Concluiu-se que houve elevada dispersão ao longo da seção de rio quanto aos parâmetros orgânicos, e uma tendência particular de distribuição gradual da concentração para cada parâmetro de DBO e DQO. Contudo, a Análise de Variância permite afirmar que não houve diferenças significativas entre os pontos amostrais. Com base no exposto, não houve impactos negativos à gestão de recursos hídricos decorrentes de informações de qualidade da água amostradas às margens do rio. Assim, para este estudo de caso, o número de pontos amostrais sugerido pela norma supracitada pode ser simplificado em um único ponto na seção de monitoramento.
EMERGÊNCIA DE PLÂNTULAS DE FAVEIRA (Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard) EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Silva Breno Marques da Silva e , Santos Ivanize Maria Barros dos , Araújo Paulo Adller Alves de , Soares Rubiene Neto , Silva Camila de Oliveira e
Published: June 2017

Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard, vulgarmente conhecida como faveira, é uma espécie arbórea utilizada na arborização e recomendada para recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi a avaliação do uso da casca de eucalipto na composição do substrato para a emergência de plântulas de faveira. Na avaliação dos substratos, as sementes foram colocadas em caixas de plástico entre areia, solo, casca de eucalipto, areia e casca de eucalipto (3:1; 1:1; 1:3), solo e casca de eucalipto (3:1; 1:1; 1:3) e areia, casca de eucalipto e solo (1:1:1; 1:2:1; 1:4:1), mantidas em casa de vegetação. Foram avaliados a porcentagem, velocidade de emergência e a biometria das plântulas de faveira. A emergência de plântulas de faveira é menos influenciada pelas proporções de eucalipto no substrato (solo e/ou areia) em comparação com o vigor de suas plântulas. Os substratos mais adequados para a emergência de plântulas de faveira são areia (A), casca de eucalipto triturada (C), Solo (S) + C (3:1), S + C (1:3), A + C (3:1) e A + C (1:3).
The Management of Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) Patients with Refractory Disease – Focusing on the Opinions of CML-treating Physicians
Authors: Eskazan Ahmet Emre ,   Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: June 2017

Although the management of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase (CML-CP), especially in the newly-diagnosed patient, is generally straightforward, it may vary in the salvage setting, since some of the currently approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not available in some countries. This commentary mainly focuses on a questionnaire and the subsequent paper, which were performed in order to understand the perspectives of the CML-treating physicians from different countries in the management of refractory CML-CP.
Advancing the Management of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Fakih David F ,   Department of Thoracic Oncology, Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
Published: June 2017

Advances in the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapy have transformed the management of non small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Targeting angiogenesis and molecular drivers of carcinogenesis has led to the approval of several new therapies. More recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have been investigated in the treatment setting of NSCLC. These include immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 [CTLA-4], anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] agents). The emergence of so many therapeutic options offers the potential for personalised therapy. Molecular profiling can inform treatment decisions but there is a need for more data to determine the optimal sequencing and combination of targeted and immunotherapeutic agents.
Enabling T Cell Recruitment to Tumours as a Strategy for Improving Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Authors: Cadilha Bruno , Dorman Klara , Rataj Felicitas , Endres Stefan , Kobold Sebastian ,   Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research,   Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research,   Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research,   Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research,   Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research
Published: June 2017

Immunotherapy has successfully been implemented as the standard of care in a number of oncologic indications. A hallmark of cancer immunotherapy is the successful activation of T cells against cancer cells, leading to unparalleled efficacy for some tumour entities. However, current approved approaches are not specific, limiting both their activity and their safety. A more tailored way of using the therapeutic potential of T cells is adoptive T cell therapy, which encompasses ex vivo T cell manipulation and reinfusion to patients suffering from cancer. In haematologic malignancies such as acute lymphatic leukaemia of the B cell lineage, T cells modified with a chimeric antigen receptor against the B cell lineage antigen CD19 induce remissions in a high proportion of patients. In contrast, patients suffering from advanced solid tumours have shown little benefit from cell-based approaches. This is partly due to limited access of T cells to the tumour tissue, consequently restricting T cell activity. In this review, we focus on the limitations of T cell trafficking towards solid tumours. We summarise the existing knowledge on lymphocyte migration to understand how this pathway may be used to open therapeutic approaches for a broader range of indications. We also review new strategies targeting the tumour site that aid naturally occurring or gene-engineered T cells to migrate to solid tumours. Finally, we discuss how guiding T cells towards the tumour might contribute in harnessing their full cytolytic potential.
Comparative study of post-partum intra uterine contraceptive device insertion and interval intra uterine contraceptive device insertion in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: R. Manimegalai , R. Suganthi
Published: June 2017

Background: NFHS (National Family Health Survey) 2005-2006 in India revealed that the contraceptive prevalence rate is 53.5%. 10% of all pregnancies are mistimed and 11% of all pregnancies are unwanted in India. Objective of present study was to compare the benefits and complications of postpartum IUCD insertion (PPIUCD) over interval IUCD insertion in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Govt. Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem from 2009-2014. The cases of interval IUCD for the year 2009-2014 and PPIUCD cases for the year 2012-2014 both vaginal insertion and intracaesarean insertion were taken for study. Complications, benefits and reasons for removal were compared between the two groups.Results: The total number of cases of IUCD insertion significantly increased after the introduction of PPIUCD programme in 2012. The acceptance of IUCD insertion was steadily increasing after the introduction of PPIUCD even though the follow up of PPIUCD cases was less (32%). The rate of removal in patients who came for follow up was less in PPIUCD group (18%) compared to interval IUCD cases (57%) when the reason was menorrhagia. The most common reason for removal was menorrhagia in interval IUCD patients. Abdominal pain was the most common reason for removal in PPIUCD patients. The rate of expulsion was higher in PPIUCD (6%) compared to interval IUCD patients (<1%). No cases of perforation and no cases of pregnancy in situ were reported in PPIUCD cases during the study period. Even though the rate of infection and missing strings were higher in PPIUCD patients when compared to interval IUCD patients who came for follow up the number of women with infection in PPIUCD patients is less and easily managed with appropriate antibiotics.Conclusions: In India PPIUCD insertion soon after delivery is a safe, effective, reversible and reliable method of long term contraception. Both vaginal and intracaesarean insertions are safe, efficacious and convenient even though there are few complications which are easily manageable. There are no incidences of perforations, pregnancy in situ, ectopic pregnancy and low rates of infection. Hence PPIUCD is a promising approach to decrease the fertility rate in the field of family planning.
Profile on status epilepticus, clinical features and lab parameters and outcome in pediatric intensive care
Authors: T. Arun Prakash , K. Shruthi T. , S. Rajakumar P. , S. Shuba
Published: June 2017

Background: Status Epilepticus is a major medical and neurological emergency. Despite advance in treatment, it is still associated with mortality and morbidity. The objective of the study was to estimate the profile of status epilepticus on clinical features, lab parameters and outcome of the children admitted in pediatric intensive care.Methods: Children between 1 month to 18 years who were fulfilling the definition of status epilepticus and who were admitted in PICU in Sri Ramachandra Medical Center were included in the study. All the children who met inclusion criteria were taken for the study. history and physical examination was done for all the children with blood samples, CSF samples, urine sample, computerized tomography scan, EEG details were collected after getting informed consent.Results: Among 50 children 60% were in the age group were less than 5 years ,22% were between 6-10 years ,14% were between 11-15 years and 4% were above 16 yrs. The mean age group was 5.74 years (SD±4.75). Incidence was higher in males (54%) when compared to females (46%). Forty-seven children (94%) were brought to casualty with status epilepticus whereas three children developed SE in hospital. CSF study was done among 19 (38%) of the children in which CSF was found normal among 16(84%). CT scan/MRI brain findings were abnormal in (34%) and normal in 10 (66%) patients. Epilepsy was the most common diagnosis noted in 29 (58%) patients and febrile seizure was second common etiology noted in 12 (24%) in this series. In this series 47 (94%) patients were treated and discharged home, 2 (4%) patients died and one patient went against medical advice without follow up.Conclusions: Status epilepticus is one of the common neurological emergency which requires admission to PICU. In our study epilepsy is one of the most common causes of status epilepticus. Early and appropriate treatment with anticonvulsants and use of mechanical ventilation may improve the outcome.
Mechanism of Interaction Between Hydrolytic Lignin and Poly(acrylonitrile)
Authors: Sazanov Yu. , Krutov S. , Ipatova Y. , Kosyakov D. , Kulikova Ye.
Published: June 2017

Interaction between polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and hydrolytic lignin (THL) in mixed binary solution dimethyl sulfoxide/water (70:30) allowed us to obtain homogeneous forming solution of the THL/PAN composite. This forming solution was used for preparation of fibers and films which served as precursors for carbon materials. In the present work, we considered and substantiated the proposed mechanism of the formation of the THL/PAN composite based on the structure of the initial polymers. We believe that interaction between reactive groups present in PAN and THL leads to the formation of graft copolymer. Fundamentally, this reaction is possible and may proceed according to the wellknown Ritter mechanism It was demonstrated that the process of grafting nitrile groups to THL macromolecules is controlled by duration and temperature of interaction between the initial compounds in solution; this process is completed in 10 h at a temperature of 120 °C. Tentative calculation shows that for each statistically averaged PAN macromolecule there are five THL molecules with activated hydroxyl groups. These forming solutions are suitable for moulding fibers which serve as precursors for carbon fibrous materials.