bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sister Ships Applicability in the Shipbuilding Enterprise CAD-PLM Toolset
Authors: Pérez Rodrigo , Alonso Verónica
Published: November 2017

As a result of increased pressure to reduce cost and delivery times of modern ships and submarines, many shipyards are revising their processes and toolsets to optimize the management of sister ships. This article describes how a strong CAD-PLM integration with efficient functionality on the CAD side ensures better design and production in a multivessel context. To address this complex challenge, and after several years of experience in the development of the FORAN CAD/CAM system that is used in many important naval programs, SENER identified some remarkable assumptions to be considered:In a sister ships environment, each vessel or unit will have a CAD project,There will exist a class project to centralize the CAD locking and applicability data,The existence of an item in the CAD project is considered as an item occurrence in that project,Modifications on an item will be done from a single project, but all other projects sharing the item with the same applicability will also be locked to prevent modification on them by other users,Once the modification changes are applied, the CAD will update them in all projects sharing the items applicability (multisave concept),The use of applicability on an item within a sister ship series might be to all vessels (e.g., 1-UP), to all vessels newer than a specific one (e.g., 3-UP), to some vessels specifically (e.g., 1-UP), or to a combination of the above (e.g., 1-UP), and if no applicability is set, it means "effective for all vessels" (1-UP), andThe FORAN system already had functionality related to sister ships management in the past, but it has been notably improved with the complete FORAN-PLM integration.

This article presents in detail the architecture of the applicability solution and the expected advantages and benefits for commercial and naval shipyards.
Lessons from the past for the future: The definition and mobilisation of Hindu nationhood by the Hindu nationalist movement of India
Authors: Khan Sammyh S. , Svensson Ted , Jogdand Yashpal A. , Liu James H.
Published: November 2017

Guided by a self-categorisation and social-identity framework of identity entrepreneurship (Reicher & Hopkins, 2001), and social representations theory of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), this paper examines how the Hindu nationalist movement of India defines Hindu nationhood by embedding it in an essentialising historical narrative. The heart of the paper consists of a thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) of the ideological manifestos of the Hindu nationalist movement in India, “Hindutva: Who is a Hindu?” (1928) and “We, or Our Nationhood Defined” (1939), written by two of its founding leaders – Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar, respectively. The texts constitute authoritative attempts to define Hindu nationhood that continue to guide the Hindu nationalist movement today. The derived themes and sub-themes indicate that the definition of Hindu nationhood largely was embedded in a narrative about its historical origins and trajectory, but also its future. More specifically, a ‘golden age’ was invoked to define the origins of Hindu nationhood, whereas a dark age in its historical trajectory was invoked to identify peoples considered to be enemies of Hindu nationhood, and thereby to legitimise their exclusion. Through its selective account of past events and its efforts to utilise this as a cohesive mobilising factor, the emergence and rise of the Hindu nationalist movement elucidate lessons that further our understanding of the rise of right-wing movements around the world today.
A capacidade do empresário e o novo Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência
Authors: Bezerra de Menezes Joyceane , Caminha Uinie
Published: November 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as repercussões do Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência (EPD), Lei n. 13.146/2015, no âmbito do direito empresarial, notadamente quanto à capacidade do sujeito com deficiência intelectual ou psíquica para o exercício da empresa. A considerar a Convenção sobre os Direitos da Pessoa com Deficiência (CDPD), tratado internacional ratificado pelo Brasil por meio dos Decretos n. 186/2008 e n. 6.949/2009, a pessoa com deficiência tem igual capacidade comparativamente às demais. Deve-se considerar que essas disposições acabam por surtir efeitos para além dos direitos da personalidade, refletindo-se nos direitos patrimoniais e mais especificamente no Direito Empresarial, que se utiliza de critérios de capacidade civil pata determinar aquele que pode ser titular de empresa. Inicialmente, analisa-se o ordenamento brasileiro quanto à capacidade do empresário. Em seguida, trata-se sobre as modificações operadas no regime das incapacidades pelo EPD e, da capacidade da pessoa com deficiência para o exercício da empresa.
The Effect of an Isometric Hip Muscle Strength Training Protocol on Valgus Angle During a Drop Vertical Jump in Competitive Female Volleyball Players
Authors: M. Jackson Kaitlin , Beach Tyson A. C. , Andrews David M.
Published: November 2017

Background: Hip muscle weakness is associated with higher peak knee valgus angles (VA) during drop vertical jumps (DVJ) and linked to ACL injury risk. Objective: To determine if isometric strengthening (IST) of the hip extensor, abductor, and external rotator muscle groups would reduce VA exhibited during a DVJ. Methodology:  Fourteen female volleyball players (7 training (TG), 7 control (CG), VA≥9˚ during DVJ) participated. Pre- and post-test gluteal, quadriceps and hamstring strength were measured with a digital force gauge. Three-dimensional kinematics were collected during 15 DVJ trials. TG participated in a 6-week IST program that targeted the hip extensor, abductor, and external rotator muscle groups. Two-way mixed ANOVAs compared mean differences of VA and strength. Single-participant analyses examined if athlete-specific adaptations went undetected in the analyses of aggregated data. Results: TG hip extension, abduction, and knee flexion strength increased, respectively, by 20.5%, 27.5% and 23.5% (P<0.05). No group-level changes in VA were detected. Unilateral VA decreased for 5 TG participants, and bilateral VA decreased in 2 TG participants. Conclusions: IST increased isometric hip muscle strength, but its effect on VA is inconclusive based on group-level analyses. Using single-participant designs, future studies should assess IST and/or dynamic resistance/neuromuscular training in a larger sample to determine its effect on ACL injury risk factors.
Metabolic Response to Four Weeks of Muscular Endurance Resistance Training
Authors: Farrell III John W. , Lantis David J. , Ade Carl J. , Bemben Debra A. , Larson Rebecca D.
Published: November 2017

Background: Previous investigations have shown that muscular endurance resistance training (MERT) is conducive in improving the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). However, the metabolic response and time course for adaption is still unclear. Objective: The aims of the current study were to evaluate and track the metabolic response to an individual session of MERT as well as to assess performance adaptations of supplementing an aerobic exercise training program with four weeks of MERT. Methods: Seventeen aerobically active men were randomly assigned to either the experimental (EX) or control group (CON), 9 EX and 8 CON. Baseline measures included a graded exercise test (GXT) and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) testing for leg press (LP), leg curl (LC), and leg extension (LE). CON continued their regular aerobic activity while the EX supplemented their regular aerobic exercise with 4 weeks of MERT. Results: No significant group differences were observed for all pre-training variables. Following four weeks of training no significant differences in cardiorespiratory or metabolic variables were observed for either group. However, significant improvements in LC and LE 1-RM were observed in EX compared to CON. Substantial accumulations in blood lactate were observed following each MERT session. Conclusion: Four weeks of MERT did not improve cardiorespiratory or metabolic variables, but did significantly improve LC and LE. MERT was also observed to induce a blood lactate response similar to that of HIIT. These findings suggest greater than four weeks is need to see metabolic adaptations conducive for improved aerobic performance using MERT.
Comparison of Body Fat Results from 4 Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Devices vs. Air Displacement Plethysmography in American Adolescent Wrestlers
Authors: Montgomery Melissa M. , Marttinen Risto H. , Galpin Andrew J.
Published: November 2017

Background: Accurate and accessible methods of body composition are necessary to ensure health and safety of wrestlers during competition. The most valid and reliable instruments are expensive and relatively inaccessible to high school wrestlers; therefore, more practical technology is needed. Objective: To compare body fat percentage (BF%) results from 4 bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices to those from air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in adolescent wrestlers. Methodology: 134 adolescent male and female wrestlers (1.72±0.9 m, 66.8±14.3 kg, 15.6±1.1 yrs.) were tested for hydration and then completed 4 body composition tests with different BIA devices and one with Bod Pod. Relative and absolute agreement were assessed between each BIA device and ADP on a single day. Results: When compared with ADP, all devices demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC (2,1)) range: 0.88-0.94), but questionable measurement error (SEM range: 2.3-3.6 %BF). Bland-Altman plots revealed that each bioelectrical impedance device we tested over-estimated body fat percent in high school wrestlers (range: 0.8-3.6 %BF) and demonstrated wide 95% limits of agreement (range: 15.0-20.8 %BF) compared to ADP. Conclusions: The devices investigated demonstrated reasonable measurement accuracy. However, wide margins of error of each device were noted. Caution should be taken when assessing adolescent wrestlers with lower amounts of body fat, as it may result in failing to identify those who do not meet the minimum body fat percentage for competition. The governing bodies should use the research data in the decision-making process regarding appropriate devices for use in their weight management programs.
Effects of Static, Stationary, and Traveling Trunk Exercises on Muscle Activation
Authors: T. Pyka Darien , B. Costa Pablo , W. Coburn Jared , Brown Lee E.
Published: November 2017

Background: A new fitness trend incorporates stability exercises that challenges trunk muscles and introduces crawling as an exercise, but has yet to be investigated for muscle activity. Purpose: To compare the effects of static (STA), stationary (STN), and traveling (TRV) trunk exercises on muscle activation of the rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, external oblique, and erector spinae using surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: Seventeen recreationally active women (mean age ± SD = 22.4 ± 2.4 years, body mass 62.9 ± 6.9 kg, height 165.1 ± 5.8 cm) and twenty-three men (23.6 ±3.9 years, 83.2 ±17.1 kg, 177.1 ± 9.1 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects performed maximal voluntary contractions for normalization of each muscle’s EMG activity. They then performed the three exercises in random order for thirty seconds each with a two-minute rest in between. Results: For the rectus abdominis, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.003) and TRV (P = 0.001). For the external oblique, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) and STN was significantly greater than TRV (P = 0.009). For the erector spinae and rectus femoris, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) Conclusions: There was greater muscle activation in all muscles tested in the stationary and traveling exercises versus the static. Strength and conditioning coaches and allied health professionals could potentially use stationary and traveling forms of trunk stabilization exercises as a viable strategy to increase muscle activation.
The Influence of Exercise Empowerment on Life Stress
Authors: Parker Tonya M. , Lewis Colleen A. , Beaudoin Christina M.
Published: November 2017

Background: Psychological stress – when an individual perceives that the environment exceeds their ability to meet the demands placed on them - is common in college students and exercise, and specifically instructional physical activity courses, is frequently cited as a one method of stress reduction. Objective: Determine any relationship between exercise empowerment and perceived life stress for those participating in instructional physical activity courses (IPAC). Methods: All undergraduate students (n = 3388) enrolled in IPAC in 15-week IPAC at a large university were surveyed on perceived life stress (PSS), empowerment in exercise (EES), and specific demographic variables. Results: 944 of 3388 enrolled students (Nov. 2015, April 2016) completed the survey. The data revealed GPA (p < 0.002), sex (p < 0.000), and EES (p < 0.001) showed differences for PSS. It was determined that EES, sex, and GPA predicted PSS differently for students according to their year in college. Conclusions: For freshman and seniors, sex and lower GPA were a stronger predictor of PSS with no mitigating effect of exercise empowerment. For sophomores and juniors the level of life stress was lower at higher levels of exercise empowerment. These findings support a complex relationship between exercise empowerment and life stress. While exercise is cited as a method for stress reduction the relationship between exercise empowerment and life stress for college-aged students is not as straightforward as it may seem.
The Effect of A Ten-week Autonomy Practice on Autonomous Motivation and Willingness to Rely on Exercise
Authors: Nourali Javad , Hemat Talab Rasul , Sheikh Mahmood , Bagherzadeh Fazlollah
Published: November 2017

Background: Internal motivation and autonomous external motivation are to some extent similar and both are opposed to non-autonomous external motivation. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to increase the efficiency of the physical education classes in further encouraging students to do physical activities outside school through determining the amount of the effect of autonomy-practice and non-autonomy-practice on autonomous motivation and perceived autonomy support in physical education. Methods: Participants in this study were students of two high schools (N=100; M=18.1±0.36) who were randomly placed in control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, the teacher taught students physical activities and the students had to perform them with desire and interest. But in the control group, physical activities were completely performed by the teacher and under his own supervision. The whole practice period was ten weeks. Two questionnaires, "sport motivation scale" (SMS) and "intention to partake in physical activity", were used. Results: The results showed that the effect of autonomy practice and non-autonomy practice on the linear combination of sport motivation and willingness is significant [F, (2, 95) =41.714, P=0.00]. They also showed that the effect of autonomy practice and non-autonomy practice on the linear combination of subscales of sport motivation was significant [F, (5, 89) =50.295, P=0.000]. Students of the experimental group showed a higher level of willingness and interest in physical education. Conclusions: Findings in this study are strong evidences indicating that both autonomous support and autonomous motivation are needed to maximize the effect of physical education classes.
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF β-CEMBRENEDIOL AND ITS MODE OF ACTION: INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN LETTUCE SEEDLINGS
Authors: Ren Xia , Yan Zhi-qiang , He Xiao-feng , Li Xiu-zhuang , Qin Bo
Published: November 2017

β-cembrenediol((1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-2,7,11-cembratriene-4,6-diol), shown to be one of the most important allelochemicals of tobacco in our previous studies, effectively inhibited the root and shoot elongation of receptor plants in a concentration-dependent manner. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were now treated with β-cembrenediol to clarify its mode of action. Results showed that β-cembrenediol significantly inhibited the seeding growth and reduced fresh weight of L. saiva. The compounds effectively arrested cell division and caused cell death. Exposure to β-cembrenediol induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, increased levels of malondialdehyde, proline and hydrogen peroxide, and decreased in chlorophyll content indicated lipid peroxidation and induction of oxidative stress. These results suggested that β-cembrenediol caused oxidative damage through enhanced generation of ROS, as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation, disruption of membrane integrity and impacted mitosis, ultimately resulted in growth inhibition of the receptor plant.
SALICYLIC ACID IMMERSION MAINTAINS PHYSIOCHEMICAL QUALITY AND ENHANCES BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN ‘KIMJU’ GUAVA FRUIT DURING COLD STORAGE
Authors: Supapvanich Suriyan , Mahasap Boonwat , Boonyaritthongchai Panida , Techavuthiporn Chairat , Tepsorn Racha , Youryon Pannipa
Published: November 2017

The aims of this work were to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) immersion on the physicochemical quality maintenance and biologically active compounds enhancement of ’Kimju’ guava. The fruit were immersed in water (control) and 2 mM SA solution and stored at 12 ± 1 ºC, 90±2% RH. The observed factors were pigments, total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA), firmness and pectin components, bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid (AsA), total phenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT). The total chlorophylls chlorophyll a and b contents of the treated fruit were higher than those of the control. The SA immersion did not affect the total carotenoids concentration and TSS whilst it delayed the increase in total sugars and lowered TA content. The fruit softening was delayed by the SA immersion due to the control of soluble pectin increase and insoluble pectin decrease. The antioxidant activity and the concentrations of AsA, TP and TF were enhanced by the SA immersion. The SA immersion also stimulated POD activity but did not induced CAT activity. In conclusion, 2.0 mM SA immersion is an effective postharvest treatment maintaining quality and improving nutritional values of ‘Kimju’ guava.
Emerging functions of the EGFR in cancer
Authors: Sigismund Sara , Avanzato Daniele , Lanzetti Letizia
Published: November 2017

The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and breast cancer and in glioblastoma, the EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. Inappropriate activation of the EGFR in cancer mainly results from amplification and point mutations at the genomic locus, but transcriptional upregulation or ligand overproduction due to autocrine/paracrine mechanisms has also been described. Moreover, the EGFR is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of resistance in tumors, as its amplification or secondary mutations have been found to arise under drug pressure. This evidence, in addition to the prominent function that this receptor plays in normal epithelia, has prompted intense investigations into the role of the EGFR both at physiological and at pathological level. Despite the large body of knowledge obtained over the last two decades, previously unrecognized (herein defined as ‘noncanonical’) functions of the EGFR are currently emerging. Here, we will initially review the canonical ligand‐induced EGFR signaling pathway, with particular emphasis to its regulation by endocytosis and subversion in human tumors. We will then focus on the most recent advances in uncovering noncanonical EGFR functions in stress‐induced trafficking, autophagy, and energy metabolism, with a perspective on future therapeutic applications.
Dual inhibition of DNMTs and EZH2 can overcome both intrinsic and acquired resistance of myeloma cells to IMiDs in a cereblon‐independent manner
Authors: Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Søgaard Helbo Alexandra , Fibiger Munch‐Petersen Helga , Sjö Lene , Christensen Jesper , Sommer Kristensen Lasse , Asmar Fazila , Hermansen Niels Emil Ulrich , O'Connel Casey , Gimsing Peter , Liang Gangning , Grønbæk Kirsten
Published: November 2017

Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide (also known as IMiDs), have significantly changed the treatment landscape of multiple myeloma, and the recent discovery of cereblon (CRBN) as their direct biological target has led to a deeper understanding of their complex mechanism of action. In an effort to comprehend the precise mechanisms behind the development of IMiD resistance and examine whether it is potentially reversible, we established lenalidomide‐resistant (‐LR) and pomalidomide‐resistant (‐PR) human myeloma cell lines from two IMiD‐sensitive cell lines, OPM2 and NCI‐H929, by continuous culture in the presence of lenalidomide or pomalidomide for 4–6 months, until acquirement of stable resistance. By assessing genome‐wide DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in these cell lines, we found that acquired IMiD resistance is associated with an increase in genome‐wide DNA methylation and an even greater reduction in chromatin accessibility. Transcriptome analysis confirmed that resistant cell lines are mainly characterized by a reduction in gene expression, identifying SMAD3 as a commonly downregulated gene in IMiD‐resistant cell lines. Moreover, we show that these changes are potentially reversible, as combination of 5‐azacytidine and EPZ‐6438 not only restored the observed accessibility changes and the expression of SMAD3, but also resensitized the resistant cells to both lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Interestingly, the resensitization process was independent of CRBN. Our data suggest that simultaneous inhibition of DNA methyl transferases and EZH2 leads to an extensive epigenetic reprogramming which allows myeloma cells to (re)gain sensitivity to IMiDs.
Melt Welding and Its Role in Fault Reactivation and Localization of Fracture Damage in Seismically Active Faults
Authors: Hayward Kathryn S. , Cox Stephen F.
Published: November 2017

Low displacement fracture damage plays an important role in influencing the behavior and mechanical evolution of faults. Fracture damage zones influence slip behavior through changing near‐field stress orientations, altering fluid pathways and modifying fault structure. Here we use small displacement triaxial experiments to explore the development of fault zone damage, frictional lock‐up, and the generation of new faults using samples with preground faults, oriented in 5° increments between 25° and 65° relative to the shortening direction. With increasing reactivation angle, faults support higher peak normal stresses (104–845 MPa) and behavior transitions from stable sliding to stick slip. Frictional melting occurs on surfaces where stick slip is initiated, forming micron‐thick layers that locally weld asperity contacts. The extent of melt welding is correlated with normal stress and melt‐welded zones increase fault cohesion. Distribution of fracture damage adjacent to the fault is spatially correlated with melt‐welded zones and the corresponding concentrations of stress and elastic strain. In a process referred to as “adhesive wear,” fractures bypassing welded zones transfer melt‐adhered material from one side of the fault to the other, forming new geometric asperities. On faults with high reactivation angles (55°–60°) the increase in cohesive strength resulting from melt‐welded contacts drives fault lock‐up after an initial slip event; subsequent slip localizes on new, favorably oriented faults. Given their size, melt‐welded zones are likely to be short‐lived in nature but may play a significant and previously unrecognized role in the development of fault‐related damage.
Clouds, Circulation, and Climate Sensitivity in a Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Channel Model
Authors: Cronin Timothy W. , Wing Allison A.
Published: November 2017

Tropical cloud and circulation changes are large sources of uncertainty in future climate change. This problem owes partly to the scale separation between large‐scale tropical dynamics (
km) and convective dynamics (
km), which generally requires parameterizing convection in models that resolve large‐scale dynamics, or parameterizing (or omitting) large‐scale dynamics in models that permit convection. Here we discuss simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE) across a wide range of surface temperatures in long‐channel geometry—where the domain size and resolution marginally resolve both large‐scale dynamics and convection. Self‐aggregation of convection in these simulations spontaneously produces realistic dynamical regimes of large‐scale vertical motion. The circulation weakens with surface warming but changes in the degree of self‐aggregation depend on the metric that is used; there is no obvious trend in aggregation with warming. Surface warming causes an upward shift and decrease in area of high clouds, and a sharp decline in midlevel clouds, but no systematic trend in low cloud cover. We introduce a method for approximate radiative kernel feedback analysis in RCE, and apply it to both simulations in long‐channel geometry and in a smaller square domain. The kernel‐corrected cloud feedback is positive but its magnitude varies across temperatures. Compared to simulations that do not have aggregation, there is a more negative net feedback due to the effects of aggregation on relative humidity and cloud cover. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that self‐aggregation moderately reduces climate sensitivity.
BMP3 expression by osteoblast lineage cells is regulated by canonical Wnt signaling
Authors: Kokabu Shoichiro , Rosen Vicki
Published: November 2017

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling factors are both known to regulate bone mass, fracture risk, fracture repair, and osteoblastogenesis. BMP3 is the most abundant BMP and negatively regulates osteoblastogenesis and bone mass. Thus, identifying the mechanism by which BMP3 acts to depress bone formation may allow for the development of new therapeutics useful in the treatment for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Here, we report that cWnt signaling stimulates BMP3 expression in osteoblast (OB) lineage cells. The expression of BMP3 increases with OB differentiation. Treatment of cells with various cWnt proteins stimulated BMP3 expression. Mice with enhanced cWnt signaling had high expression levels of BMP3. Our data suggest that reduction in BMP3 levels may contribute beneficially to the positive effect of cWnt agonists on bone mass.
Profiling Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Treatment in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Alazmi Mansour , Sari Ismail , Krishnan Bharath , Inman Robert D. , Haroon Nigil
Published: November 2017

Objective

Lack of response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) agents is not uncommon, encountered during the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients, and it can be classified as primary lack of response (PLR) or secondary lack of response (SLR). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate factors associated with TNFi failure types and their characteristics in axial SpA.

Methods

Adult axial SpA patients who were TNFi naive at the time of baseline evaluation and started receiving their first biologics for active axial disease were identified. Based on the clinical response to the first TNFi, patients were then stratified into 3 groups: PLR, SLR, and responders. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed.

Results

There was a total of 249 axial SpA patients in the study (70.7% male, mean ± SD age 37.3 ± 12.4 years), which included PLR (n = 62), SLR (n = 93), and responders (n = 94). PLR patients tended to be older, with a lower HLA–B27 rate, a higher percentage of nonresponder axial SpA patients, and a higher baseline Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score compared to SLR patients or responders. In multiple regression analysis, increasing age, negative HLA–B27, higher baseline BASDAI, and treatment with the soluble TNF receptor protein were the independent predictors of PLR.

Conclusion

PLR accounted for nearly 40% of the TNFi failures in axial SpA patients. Older age, negative HLA–B27, higher baseline disease activity, and treatment with soluble TNF receptors were the independent predictors of the primary nonresponse to TNFi.
Direct ortho‐Acyloxylation of Arenes and Alkenes by Cobalt Catalysis
Authors: Lin Cong , Chen Zhengkai , Liu Zhanxiang , Zhang Yuhong
Published: November 2017

An efficient protocol for the cobalt‐catalyzed acyloxylation of arenes and alkenes with the assistance of an 8‐aminoquinolyl auxiliary group is reported. In this transformation, benzoic acids, alkenyl acids, and aliphatic acids could be readily involved to afford structurally diverse esters. It is worth noting that the silver sulfate (Ag2SO4) oxidant is renewable and the directing group could be removed and recycled. The strategy represents the first successful example of transition metal‐catalyzed acyloxylation of alkenyl carboxamides C(sp2)−H bonds with carboxylic acids.

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Optimal PID controller tuning using stochastic programming techniques
Authors: Renteria Jose A. , Cao Yankai , Dowling Alexander W. , Zavala Victor M.
Published: November 2017

We argue that stochastic programming provides a powerful framework to tune and analyze the performance limits of controllers. In particular, stochastic programming formulations can be used to identify controller settings that remain robust across diverse scenarios (disturbances, set‐points, and modeling errors) observed in real‐time operations. We also discuss how to use historical data and sampling techniques to construct operational scenarios and inference analysis techniques to provide statistical guarantees on limiting controller performance. Under the proposed framework, it is also possible to use risk metrics to handle extreme (rare) events and stochastic dominance concepts to conduct systematic benchmarking studies. We provide numerical studies to illustrate the concepts and to demonstrate that modern modeling and local/global optimization tools can tackle large‐scale applications. The proposed work also opens the door to data‐based controller tuning strategies that can be implemented in real‐time operations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2997–3010, 2018
Accounting for measurement error in human life history trade‐offs using structural equation modeling
Authors: Helle Samuli
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Revealing causal effects from correlative data is very challenging and a contemporary problem in human life history research owing to the lack of experimental approach. Problems with causal inference arising from measurement error in independent variables, whether related either to inaccurate measurement technique or validity of measurements, seem not well‐known in this field. The aim of this study is to show how structural equation modeling (SEM) with latent variables can be applied to account for measurement error in independent variables when the researcher has recorded several indicators of a hypothesized latent construct.

Methods

As a simple example of this approach, measurement error in lifetime allocation of resources to reproduction in Finnish preindustrial women is modelled in the context of the survival cost of reproduction. In humans, lifetime energetic resources allocated in reproduction are almost impossible to quantify with precision and, thus, typically used measures of lifetime reproductive effort (e.g., lifetime reproductive success and parity) are likely to be plagued by measurement error. These results are contrasted with those obtained from a traditional regression approach where the single best proxy of lifetime reproductive effort available in the data is used for inference.

Results

As expected, the inability to account for measurement error in women's lifetime reproductive effort resulted in the underestimation of its underlying effect size on post‐reproductive survival.

Conclusions

This article emphasizes the advantages that the SEM framework can provide in handling measurement error via multiple‐indicator latent variables in human life history studies.
A localized pallidal physiomarker in cervical dystonia
Authors: Neumann Wolf‐Julian , Horn Andreas , Ewert Siobhan , Huebl Julius , Brücke Christof , Slentz Colleen , Schneider Gerd‐Helge , Kühn Andrea A.
Published: November 2017

Objective

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) allows for direct recordings of neuronal activity from the human basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease, a disease‐specific physiomarker was identified that is now used to investigate adaptive closed‐loop stimulation in first studies. In dystonia, such a physiomarker is missing.

Methods

Pallidal oscillations were recorded from 153 contact pairs in 27 patients. We investigated whether power amplitudes in theta and beta bands correlate with dystonic symptom severity across patients. We then projected theta power from each contact pair onto standard subcortical anatomy. In this way, we defined a theta hot spot on a group level and investigated whether proximity of the active DBS contacts to it correlated with clinical improvement.

Results

Dystonic symptom severity significantly correlated with theta but not beta oscillatory amplitudes (ρ = 0.4, p = 0.009) and interhemispheric coherence (ρ = 0.5, p = 0.002). The sweet spot of theta activity localized to the posterior third of the internal pallidum and theta power correlated with proximity to this location (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.002), which coincided with 3 previously published coordinates describing optimal stimulation targets. Finally, motor improvement through pallidal long‐term DBS correlated with theta peak amplitude (ρ = 0.38, p = 0.018).

Interpretation

Our findings suggest that theta oscillations in the internal pallidum are robustly associated with dystonic symptoms in cervical dystonia and may be a useful biomarker for adaptive closed‐loop stimulation. Furthermore, theta oscillatory activity may have a predictive value for the clinical benefit after chronic DBS that could be used to improve intraoperative neurophysiological target mapping during electrode implantation. Ann Neurol 2017;82:912–924
Molecular Magnesium Hydrides
Authors: Mukherjee Debabrata , Okuda Jun
Published: November 2017

Solid magnesium hydride [MgH2]∞ has been pursued as a potential hydrogen‐storage material. Organic chemists were rather interested in soluble magnesium hydride reagents from mid‐20th century. It was only in the last two decades that molecular magnesium hydride chemistry received a major boost from organometallic chemists with a series of structurally well‐characterized examples that continues to build a whole new class of compounds. More than 40 such species have been isolated, ranging from mononuclear terminal hydrides to large hydride clusters with more than 10 magnesium atoms. They provide not only insights into the structure and bonding of Mg−H motifs, but also serve as models for hydrogen‐storage materials. Some of them are also recognized to participate in catalytic transformations, such as hydroelementation. Herein, an overview of these molecular magnesium hydrides is given, focusing on their synthesis and structural characterization.
Preparation and characterization of graphene reinforced PA6 fiber
Authors: Tang Lian , Li Yiren , Chen Ye , Ji Peng , Wang Chaosheng , Wang Huaping , Huang Qing
Published: November 2017

Here, we report the successful preparation of PA6/GO composite fibers through in situ polymerization and the melting spinning method. The results suggest that graphene has induced only minor changes on the relative viscosity yet exhibits significant effects on the crystallization characteristics. The SEM images of the fibers have shown several expended borders as a consequence of graphene addition. The maximum strength of the composite fibers (5.3 cN/dtex) has been reached 0.05 wt % graphene added to the system; the draw ratio was equaled to 3.8. Compared to the neat PA6 fiber, the fibers with graphene displayed superior creep resistance features; the creep rate constant was 0.38 at a 0.05 graphene concentration, with a draw ratio of 3.5. The approach employed in this research paves the way towards PA6/graphene nanocomposites have been prepared through in situ polymerization using caprolactam and graphene oxide/water pulp as starting materials. In situ polymerization approach facilitated a superior interaction between PA6 and graphene. Compared to graphene oxide powder, the graphene oxide in water pulp has prevented the agglomeration when added to the caprolactam melt, leading to its enhanced dispersion within the system. PA6/graphene as‐spun fiber has been produced by the mean of melt‐spinning strategy using a melt‐spinning machine, obtaining products with different draw ratios after drawing at 120 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45834.
Leaching studies on Novolac resin‐coated proppants‐performance, stability, product safety, and environmental health considerations
Authors: Horadam William , Venkat Narayanan , Tran Tuan , Bai Litao , Josyula Kanth , Mehta Vinay
Published: November 2017

Understanding the failure mechanisms of resin‐coated proppants under extreme environments facilitates the development of stronger proppants for superior long‐term performance in the oil and gas sector. In the current study, the leaching behavior of Novolac resin‐coated proppants (RCPs) and that of polyurethane (PU) based RCPs with aqueous media under different pH conditions and at elevated temperatures have been critically examined, to assess their chemical stability and integrity. Our study indicates that Novolac‐based RCPs are substantially more stable to leaching conditions at 250 °F compared to PU‐based RCPs. An in‐depth nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the aqueous leachates from the RCP systems reveals that the averaged total levels of the leached components from the PU‐based RCPs is five‐ to sevenfold higher than those of the Novolac RCPs at the higher temperature. In addition, a critical examination of the Novolac RCPs from a product safety and environmental health viewpoint is accomplished by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometric analysis of the aqueous leachates. The findings reveal that the concentrations of the phenolics, including free phenol, are lower than the detectable limits (<1 ppm) of the technique. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45845.
A rule of unity for human intestinal absorption 3: Application to pharmaceuticals
Authors: Patel Raj B. , Yalkowsky Samuel H.
Published: November 2017

The rule of unity is based on a simple absorption parameter, Π, that can accurately predict whether or not an orally administered drug will be well absorbed or poorly absorbed. The intrinsic aqueous solubility and octanol–water partition coefficient, along with the drug dose are used to calculate Π. We show that a single delineator value for Π exist that can distinguish whether a drug is likely to be well absorbed (FA ≥ 0.5) or poorly absorbed (FA < 0.5) at any specified dose. The model is shown to give 82.5% correct predictions for over 938 pharmaceuticals. The maximum well‐absorbed dose (i.e. the maximum dose that will be more than 50% absorbed) calculated using this model can be utilized as a guideline for drug design and synthesis.
Release kinetics of somatostatin from self‐assembled nanostructured hydrogels
Authors: Rai Uma , Thrimawithana Thilini R. , Dharmadana Durga , Valery Celine , Young Simon A.
Published: November 2017

Somatostatin‐14 is a native neuropeptide with widespread functions in the body. Self‐assembly of somatostatin‐14 into amyloid‐like nanofibrils has been previously demonstrated in aqueous media. We here hypothesize that the somatostatin nanofibrils can form a stable depot that release monomers in a controlled manner. This study aims to investigate if somatostatin monomers are released from physical hydrogels formed in water and in the presence of electrolytes. The release kinetics of the somatostatin monomers is investigated for the first time. This is correlated with the rheological properties of the hydrogels formed. We demonstrate that at the concentrations tested, there is release of somatostatin monomers from the hydrogels following a novel hybrid model of zero‐order and first‐order release. In the presence of electrolytes, somatostatin hydrogels demonstrated higher elastic moduli (G′) which correlates to the narrower and higher density of nanofibrils observed with TEM. The presence of electrolytes resulted in a slower release of the somatostatin monomers and in a lower cumulative percentage released over 48 hrs. It is questionable that the concentrations released will be therapeutically effective. However, self‐assembled somatostatin hydrogels have the potential to act as a depot for ocular drug delivery.
Periprocedural transfusion in patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Mayr N Patrick , Wiesner Gunther , Hapfelmeier Alexander , van der Starre Pieter , Husser Oliver , Bleiziffer Sabine , Schunkert Heribert , Lange Rüdiger , Tassani‐Prell Peter , Martin Klaus
Published: November 2017

Objectives

The aim of this investigation was to identify patient's characteristics and periprocedural variables related to periprocedural transfusion in transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (tf‐TAVI).

Background

Transfusion of allogenic red‐blood cells (RBC) in tf‐TAVI and the number of transfused units has been linked to an increased 30‐day mortality. In line with the trend of minimization and cost‐effectiveness, transfusion should be avoided, wherever possible.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2015, 1,734 procedures were analyzed from our prospective registry for RBC‐transfusion. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the dependent variables.

Results

Transfusion was considered necessary in 14% (n = 243) of the patients. Female gender (OR [95% CI]) (1.680 [1.014‐2.783]) and preprocedural moderate (7.594 [4.404‐13.095]) and severe anemia (8.202 [0.900‐74.752]) according to WHO were the most important preprocedural variables. Periprocedural, pericardial effusion (12.109 [3.753‐39.063]), emergency extracorporeal circulation (54.5288 [6.178‐481.259]) and major vascular injury (2.647 [1.412‐4.962]) were related to transfusion. The same applies to moderate (4.255 [1.859‐9.740]) and severe anemia (31.567 [8.560‐116.416]) as well as periprocedural experience (0.072 [0.035‐0.149] – 0.141[0.079‐0.251], P < 0.001)

Conclusion

Procedural experience, serious adverse events, low pre‐ and periprocedural Hb levels and female gender were the main variables relating to transfusion. Even in experienced high‐volume centers, transfusion is still necessary in a considerable number of patients.
Thromboembolism after WATCHMANTM in a clopidogrel non‐responder: A case for concern?
Authors: Venkataraman Ganesh , Bliden Kevin P. , Tantry Udaya S. , Gurbel Paul A.
Published: November 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke and thromboembolism (TE). The WATCHMANTM left atrial appendage (LAA) closure device is indicated to reduce the risk of TE from the LAA in patients with non‐valvular AF. Here, we present a case of a patient with device‐related thrombus who suffered a TE event two months after WATCHMANTM LAA closure and two weeks after switching from aspirin plus warfarin to aspirin plus clopidogrel therapy. Laboratory investigation identified the patient to be hypercoagulable and to be a non‐responder to clopidogrel therapy. We discuss the potential role of platelet function testing to prevent device‐related thrombi.
Pushing boundaries: Implantation of the 34 mm Medtronic CoreValve in patients with a large aortic annulus
Authors: Elmously Adham , Worku Berhane , Wong S. Chiu , Salemi Arash
Published: November 2017

The relationship between adherence to the recommended CoreValve sizing parameters and clinical outcomes is not well known for the recently released 34 mm valve, which is currently the largest available transcatheter valve. There is a presumed temporal reduction in paravalvular regurgitation in patients who receive an in‐range valve, however, certain patients possess annular dimensions that are too large. We therefore describe two patients with annular dimensions larger than the manufacturer recommended range for the 34 mm CoreValve, who despite this underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with excellent clinical outcomes.
Planned angiographic control versus clinical follow‐up for patients with unprotected left main stem stenosis treated with second generation drug‐eluting stents: A propensity score with matching analysis from the FAILS (failure in left main with second generation stents‐Cardiogroup III Study)
Authors: D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Iannaccone Mario , Pavani Marco , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Escaned Javier , Varbella Ferdinando , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Hiddick‐Smith David , Colombo Antonio , Gaita Fiorenzo
Published: November 2017

Background

The value of angiographic follow‐up in unprotected left main (ULM) stenting remains undefined.

Methods

The FAILS‐2 registry included consecutive patients presenting with a critical lesion of an ULM treated with second generation drug eluting stents in 6 centers from June 2007 to January 2015. Patients were stratified into two groups: those discharged with planned angiographic follow‐up and those with clinical follow‐up. MACE (Major Adverse Clinical Events, a composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, TLR, and ST) was the primary end point, while each component was a secondary endpoint Sensitivity analysis was performed for patients treated with a provisional or a two‐stent strategy. A propensity score analysis was used to compare the outcomes in the two groups.

Results

After multivariate adjustment, 220 patients per group were selected. Planned angiographic follow up was performed after a median of 7 (6–10) months. After 16 (14–21) months, rates of MACE were similar between the two groups (24 vs. 21%, P = 0.29) with lower rates of all cause and cardiovascular death in the angiographic control group (6 vs. 14%, P = 0.01 and 3 vs. 6%, P = 0.04) but with higher rates of TLR (15 vs. 5%, P < 0.001). The same trend was seen irrespective of the stent strategy.

Conclusion

planned angiographic control results in more TLR but may reduce mortality. These findings need to be confirmed by adequately powered randomized controlled trial.