bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O auto do boi na Paraíba
Authors: de Alencar Pimentel Altimar
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — Rien de plus théâtral dans le folklore brésilien que le Bumba-meu- boi. Bien qu'il prenne plusieurs noms, selon les régions, il n'en reste pas moins une manifestation populaire où l'influence noire est patente. Le nom lui-même — Bumba — n'est-il pas d'origine africaine ? Mais ce « totémisme » du bœuf a peut-être d'autres origines religieuses et géographiques. Rappelant la Commedia dell'Arte, en particulier par la présence des masques, le Bumba-meu-boi est aussi un spectacle complet, tant par le nombre et la diversité des personnages que par la participation des spectateurs.
Du folklore rural au folklore commercial : une expérience dirigiste au Pérou
Authors: Fell Eve Marie
Published: September 2013

Résumé. — La migration rurale au Pérou amène à Lima des milliers de paysans porteurs de folklore andin. A partir de 1945, l'Etat péruvien exerce pour quelques années un contrôle rigoureux sur les spectacles folkloriques offerts par des artistes amateurs dans les grandes salles populaires de la capitale. L'expérience, dirigée par l'écrivain José Maria Arguedas, permet d'éliminer les exhibitions frauduleuses et d'encourager les artistes respectueux du folklore, que l'Etat considère pour la première fois comme un élément essentiel du patrimoine national. Ce contrôle autoritaire se diluera à partir de 1953.
Tango, folklore y rock : apuntes sobre música, política y sociedad en Argentina
Authors: Vila Pablo
Published: September 2013

Resumem. — La música popular puede funcionar como expresión de las necesidades socio-políticas de determinados actores sociales. El ejemplo argentino, en el transcurso de cuatro momentos particulares de la historia del país, presenta cuatro olas sucesivas de músicas suscitadas y aceptadas por sectores importantes de la población. En esos cuatro momentos el público desempeña un papel determinante, inmune a los manejos de las grandes empresas fonográficas.
« ¡ A gozar, muchachos ! » con la orquesta más popular de Venezuela : la Billo's Caracas Boys
Authors: de Armas Ingrid
Published: September 2013

Resumen. — La orquesta Billo's Caracas Boys, con éxito constante desde hace casi cincuenta años, ha interpretado en Venezuela música bailable. A través de sus canciones se puede develar la mentalidad caraqueña de los últimos años en relación a la fiesta, al amor, a la mujer, en el marco cambiante del crecimiento y modernización de la ciudad.
El autobús en dos canciones panameñas : notas sobre la situación de consumo e identificación popular
Authors: Janson Pérez Brittmarie
Published: September 2013

Resumen. — Con la brevedad que el caso exige, se comparan aquí dos canciones panameñas sobre el autobús. Una es producto de lo que se ha llamado « la izquierda festiva » y otra es del ámbito comercial. El análisis de estas canciones lleva a la autora a la conclusión que la música « ideológica » no está siempre enraizada en el pueblo, ni es la música comercial una imposición capitalista sobre consumidores pasivos, que aceptan ciegamente el producto comercial. Un factor clave en el consumo popular que se examina aquí es el de la identificación popular, la cual a veces está notablemente ausente en el caso de la producción artística de la izquierda festiva en Latinoamérica.
Lectures de Claros archaïque
Authors: de La Genière Juliette
Published: September 2013

Les fouilles, reprises à Claros depuis 1988, ont permis de situer les débuts du sanctuaire d'Apollon aux temps protogéométriques. Elles ont mis au jour les autels successifs des divinités depuis le haut archaïsme. L'autel rond, édifié pour Apollon dans la deuxième moitié du VIIe siècle, se rattache à une longue tradition de structures sacrificielles arrondies, particulièrement communes aux époques protogéométrique et géométrique. Quant à la pratique du culte, illustrée par les ex-voto, elle répond apparemment, jusqu'au début de la période hellénistique, à la dévotion individuelle d'une clientèle essentiellement locale.
Ἄμναμμος, nom cyrénéen du «petit-fils»
Authors: Dobias-Lalou Catherine
Published: September 2013

Un nom signifiant « petit-fils » ou « petite-fille », attribué aux Cyrénéens par les lexicographes, apparaît dans leurs traités et chez Lycophron sous la forme ἀμναμος, avec une variante ἀμνάμων dans des fragments de Callimaque. Par les inscriptions, on dispose maintenant de deux exemples à Cyrène et d'un en Crète. Une mention abrégée est fort probable dans un papyrus. Dans les inscriptions, le radical est ἀμναμμ-, que l'on doit rétablir dans les textes littéraires à partir de leçons négligées des manuscrits. Ce mot régional, peut-être introduit à Alexandrie par Callimaque, n'était pas à l'origine une glôtta poétique. L'étymologie la plus plausible est celle d'un composé itératif à partir du nom de P« agneau », ἀμνός.
Εἰς Σηστόν : Xénophon, Helléniques, I, 1, 36 et l'envoi de Cléarque à Byzance après la bataille de Cyzique
Authors: Chène Olivier
Published: September 2013

D'après Xénophon (Hell., I, 1, 35-36), les Spartiates envoyèrent à Byzance un renfort embarqué sur quinze navires, quelque temps après la bataille de Cyzique. Cette flottille, commandée par Cléarque, fut accrochée dans l'Hellespont par la patrouille athénienne qui y croisait en permanence ; Cléarque perdit trois navires, mais il parvint à se réfugier à Sestos puis, de là, à gagner Byzance. On a, depuis longtemps, douté que Cléarque ait pu se réfugier dans le port même qui servait de base navale aux Athéniens dans le détroit. Mais les solutions avancées pour surmonter cette difficulté posent également des problèmes difficiles : il faut en effet soit accepter de corriger le texte en remplaçant Sestos par Abydos (L. Breitenbach, 1873) — mais cela revient à rejeter sans preuve ni parallèle la leçon des manuscrits — , soit le considérer comme un doublet de Thucydide, VIII, 80, qui rapporte l'envoi de Cléarque à Byzance un an auparavant, au printemps 411 (Peter Krentz, 1989) — mais cette hypothèse résiste mal à une comparaison serrée entre les deux textes. On peut donc se demander si Xénophon ne donne pas, en définitive, un renseignement exact, mais incomplet, en omettant de préciser la raison pour laquelle Cléarque prit la fuite vers Sestos. Il aurait, par exemple autant que par hypothèse, fort bien pu s'y rendre afin de détruire les grandes voiles des Athéniens et leur échapper sans coup férir. Une telle solution, qui permet de conserver le texte sans avoir à le corriger, nous paraît préférable à celles qui ont été avancées jusqu'ici.
« Noir parfait », un jeu de mots de l'égyptien au grec
Authors: Oréal Elsa
Published: September 2013

L'expression obscure de « noir parfait » (τελείῳ μελανί), conservée par trois témoins (Κόρη Κόσμου, 32, P.G.M. VII, 492 et Michigan University Ms. 136), a suscité plusieurs tentatives d'interprétation inabouties. Son explication passe par la mise en lumière d'un jeu verbal entre les langues grecque et égyptienne. La présence d'éléments d'origine égyptienne dans l'enseignement d'Hermès a déjà été plusieurs fois démontrée en ce qui concerne certaines conceptions et représentations qui, dans le Corpus hermeticum, peuvent être rapportées à des schemes mythologico-religieux égyptiens. L'intérêt du fait présenté ici réside dans son caractère plus précisément textuel, qui met en évidence un contact linguistique élaboré entre le grec et l'égyptien dans le milieu où se développe l'hermétisme.
Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials
Authors: Gleiter Herbert
Published: September 2013

Nanoglasses are a new class of noncrystalline solids. They differ from today’s glasses due to their microstructure that resembles the microstructure of polycrystals. They consist of regions with a melt-quenched glassy structure connected by interfacial regions, the structure of which is characterized (in comparison to the corresponding melt-quenched glass) by (1) a reduced (up to about 10%) density, (2) a reduced (up to about 20%) number of nearest-neighbor atoms and (3) a different electronic structure. Due to their new kind of atomic and electronic structure, the properties of nanoglasses may be modified by (1) controlling the size of the glassy regions (i.e., the volume fraction of the interfacial regions) and/or (2) by varying their chemical composition. Nanoglasses exhibit new properties, e.g., a Fe90Sc10 nanoglass is (at 300 K) a strong ferromagnet whereas the corresponding melt-quenched glass is paramagnetic. Moreover, nanoglasses were noted to be more ductile, more biocompatible, and catalytically more active than the corresponding melt-quenched glasses. Hence, this new class of noncrystalline materials may open the way to technologies utilizing the new properties.
Acteurs et ressources du développement local en Allemagne orientale : le territoire rural au prisme des projets du programme européen LEADER
Authors: Lacquement Guillaume , Raynal Jean-Claude
Published: September 2013

La contribution analyse la manière dont les membres des groupes d’action locale (GAL) du programme européen LEADER (2007-2013) conçoivent et pilotent les projets de développement dans la partie orientale de l’Allemagne. L’étude privilégie l’approche monographique – dans la Région LEADER Hennerberger Land en Thuringe occidentale - pour comprendre comment ces réseaux de coopération s’emploient à la diversification des activités rurales par la mobilisation de nouvelles ressources territoriales. Dans ces campagnes de l’ex-RDA, rapidement décollectivisées au début des années 1990, les programmes LEADER participent à la diffusion des politiques rurales fondées sur les principes du développement endogène et les mécanismes de la gouvernance locale. Parce qu’ils impliquent des acteurs divers, sollicités pour leur niveau de responsabilité politique, leur activité professionnelle ou leur participation à la vie associative, les GAL posent la question de la coordination de l’action locale en faveur du développement territorial.
Catastrophes et adaptation sur le littoral du Mississippi
Authors: Zaninetti Jean-Marc
Published: September 2013

L’adaptation aux changements de l’environnement littoral est susceptible d’être accélérée par des catastrophes répétées. L’étude de cas du littoral du Mississippi est intéressante pour évaluer les différentes dimensions de l’adaptation à la permanence des risques côtiers. Cet article se concentre sur les processus d’apprentissage collectifs que ces catastrophes révèlent. La comparaison met en évidence les progrès accomplis en matière de prévention et de gestion de crise entre Camille et Katrina, mais la reconstruction met aussi en évidence la difficulté à tirer les leçons d’un désastre en matière d’urbanisme. Toutefois, suivant Birkmann (2011), il convient de distinguer une adaptation planifiée du « premier ordre » et une adaptation économique et sociale spontanée « du second ordre ». Alors qu’une gouvernance défaillante est incapable d’organiser un repli urbain vers l’intérieur des terres, il semble aujourd’hui que les forces du marché sont mieux à même d’entraîner une adaptation urbaine du « second ordre » qu’une planification défaillante.
Recent results from pastoralism research and development practice
Authors: Kreutzmann Hermann
Published: September 2013

In recent years a growing attention is given to pastoralism research and practice. Two reasons are mainly responsible : First, the growing awareness of the importance of rangelands and pastures in the framework of global and climatic change. Second, the different forms of external interventions in the pastoral realm that have significantly changed the degrees of freedom and have contributed to a shrinking space for pastoral communities.
L’élevage des yaks au Bhoutan : II. Un symbole menacé de marginalisation par la modernisation de l’économie. Quelles politiques publiques pour préserver ce patrimoine ?
Authors: Dervillé Marie
Published: September 2013

Cet article interroge les causes de la marginalisation de l’élevage de yaks au Bhoutan. Une analyse en termes de « bien commun » met en évidence que le déclin de cet élevage résulte d’une entrée en crise des ressources communes traditionnelles d’innovation sous la pression de forces de changement politiques et économiques. Les éleveurs ont ainsi progressivement perdu la capacité collective de contrôle de leur devenir. Une intervention publique cohérente pour soutenir la capacité des éleveurs à s’insérer dans un Bhoutan modernisé est urgente. Une analyse économique du revenu des éleveurs conduit à l’identification de différents leviers d’amélioration. La segmentation qualitative des marchés en lien avec le tourisme et le renforcement des droits des communautés d’éleveurs en matière de gestion des terres d’altitude sont proposés et argumentés comme pistes d’intervention pour promouvoir la capacité d’adaptation des éleveurs au changement.
Darqan Sigülengge, Altan Khan’s emissary to Ming China, 1570-1571
Authors: Temule Temur
Published: September 2013

Drawing from recently published Mongolian and Chinese sources of the Ming period such as Altan Khan’s biography and “The Memorials of Ministry of Army” (Bingbu zoushu), the author clarifies the identity of Darqan Sigülengge — Da-er-han Shou-ling-ge in Chinese —, an emissary of Altan Khan in the negociations with officials of Ming China in 1570-1571, of Toγuci Taisi, an official of Altan Khan, and of Buciγdai alias Bao Chongde.
An Integrated Framework for Robust Human-Robot Interaction
Authors: Sridharan Mohan
Published: September 2013

Developments in sensor technology and sensory input processing algorithms have enabled the use of mobile robots in real-world domains. As they are increasingly deployed to interact with humans in our homes and offices, robots need the ability to operate autonomously based on sensory cues and high-level feedback from non-expert human participants. Towards this objective, this chapter describes an integrated framework that jointly addresses the learning, adaptation, and interaction challenges associated with robust human-robot interaction in real-world application domains. The novel probabilistic framework consists of: (a) a bootstrap learning algorithm that enables a robot to learn layered graphical models of environmental objects and adapt to unforeseen dynamic changes; (b) a hierarchical planning algorithm based on partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) that enables the robot to reliably and efficiently tailor learning, sensing, and processing to the task at hand; and (c) an augmented reinforcement learning algorithm that enables the robot to acquire limited high-level feedback from non-expert human participants, and merge human feedback with the information extracted from sensory cues. Instances of these algorithms are implemented and fully evaluated on mobile robots and in simulated domains using vision as the primary source of information in conjunction with range data and simplistic verbal inputs. Furthermore, a strategy is outlined to integrate these components to achieve robust human-robot interaction in real-world application domains.
Data Mining using Advanced Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm and Application to Bankruptcy Prediction
Authors: Arora Vishal , Ravi Vadlamani
Published: September 2013

Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is gaining popularity as data mining technique in the domain of Swarm Intelligence for its simple, accurate and comprehensive nature of classification. In this paper the authors propose a novel advanced version of the original ant colony based miner (Ant-Miner) in order to extract classification rules from data. They call this Advanced ACO-Miner (ADACOM). The main goal of ADACOM is to explore the flexibility of using a different knowledge extraction heuristic approach viz. Gini’s Index to increase the predictive accuracy and the simplicity of the rules extracted. Further, the authors increase the information and the prediction level of the set of rules extracted by dynamically changing specific parameters. Simulations are performed with ADACOM on a few benchmark datasets Wine, WBC (Wisconsin Breast Cancer) and Iris from UCI (University of California at Irvine) data repository and compared with Ant-Miner (Parpinelli, Lopes, & Freitas, 2002), Ant-Miner2 (Liu, Abbass, & McKay, 2002), Ant-Miner3 (Liu, Abbass, & McKay, 2003), Ant-Miner+ (Martens, De Backer, Haesen, Vanthienen, Snoeck, & Baesens, 2007) and C4.5 (Quinlan, 1993). The results show that ADACOM outperforms the above mentioned algorithms in terms of predictive accuracy, simplicity of rules, sensitivity, specificity and AUC values (area under ROC curve). In addition, the ADACOM is also employed to extract rules from bank datasets (UK, US, Spanish and Turkish) for bankruptcy prediction and the results are compared with that obtained by Ant-Miner. Again ADACOM yielded better results and is proven to be the better choice for solving bankruptcy prediction problems in banks
Multiannual infestation patterns of grapevine plant inhabitingScaphoideus titanus(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) leafhoppers
Authors: Rigamonti Ivo E. , Trivellone Valeria , Jermini Mauro , Fuog Daniele , Baumgärtner Johann
Published: September 2013

The Nearctic leafhopperScaphoideus titanusBall (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was accidentally introduced in Europe, where it became the vector of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma vitis’ phytoplasma causing the ‘Flavescence dorée’ disease of grapevine plants. A time-varying distributed delay model, simulating the successive occurrences of egg hatching, nymph presence, and adult emergence, is extended here to represent multi-generation infestation patterns of grapevine plants inhabited by eggs, nymphs, and adults. The model extension includes intrinsic mortality, mortality caused by plant dormancy, and low temperatures, development of diapausing and post-diapausing eggs, fecundity rates, and adult longevity. Field observations and published data were used to estimate parameters. The model was validated with five years canopy infestation data from five vineyards not subjected to insecticide treatments and found to have satisfactory explicative and predictive qualities. The model output is most sensitive to a 10% variation in the upper threshold and in the shape parameters of the survivorship function and least sensitive to a 10% variation in the shape parameters of the development function and the survivorship level. Recommendations are made to take into account other factors than temperature and plant phenology and include a wider geographical area in further model development.
Maresin 1, a Proresolving Lipid Mediator Derived from Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Exerts Protective Actions in Murine Models of Colitis
Authors: Marcon Rodrigo , Bento Allisson F. , Dutra Rafael C. , Bicca Maira A. , Leite Daniela F. P. , Calixto João B.
Published: September 2013

It has been previously reported that dietary fish oils, which are rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, can exert beneficial effects in inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid–derived lipid mediator maresin 1 (MaR1) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)– and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid–induced colitis in mice. Systemic treatment with MaR1 significantly attenuated both DSS- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid–induced colonic inflammation by improving the disease activity index and reducing body weight loss and colonic tissue damage. MaR1 treatment also induced a significant decrease in levels of inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ, in the acute protocol, as well as IL-1β and IL-6, but not TNF-α and INF-γ, in the chronic DSS colitis protocol. Additionally, MaR1 decreased ICAM-1 mRNA expression in both the acute and chronic protocols of DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of MaR1 seem to be associated with inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, incubation of LPS-stimulated bone marrow–derived macrophage cultures with MaR1 reduced neutrophil migration and reactive oxygen species production, besides decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and INF-γ production. Interestingly, macrophages incubated only with MaR1 showed a significant upregulation of mannose receptor C, type 1 mRNA expression, an M2 macrophage phenotype marker. These results indicate that MaR1 consistently protects mice against different models of experimental colitis, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and consequently multiple inflammatory mediators, as well as by enhancing the macrophage M2 phenotype.
An Alternative Role of C1q in Bacterial Infections: FacilitatingStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdherence and Invasion of Host Cells
Authors: Agarwal Vaibhav , Ahl Jonas , Riesbeck Kristian , Blom Anna M.
Published: September 2013

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen, which evolved numerous successful strategies to colonize the host. In this study, we report a novel mechanism of pneumococcal–host interaction, whereby pneumococci use a host complement protein C1q, primarily involved in the host-defense mechanism, for colonization and subsequent dissemination. Using cell-culture infection assays and confocal microscopy, we observed that pneumococcal surface-bound C1q significantly enhanced pneumococcal adherence to and invasion of host epithelial and endothelial cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated a direct, Ab-independent binding of purified C1q to various clinical isolates of pneumococci. This interaction was seemingly capsule serotype independent and mediated by the bacterial surface-exposed proteins, as pretreatment of pneumococci with pronase E but not sodium periodate significantly reduced C1q binding. Moreover, similar binding was observed using C1 complex as the source of C1q. Furthermore, our data show that C1q bound to the pneumococcal surface through the globular heads and with the host cell-surface receptor(s)/glycosaminoglycans via its N-terminal collagen-like stalk, as the presence of C1q N-terminal fragment and low m.w. heparin but not the C-terminal globular heads blocked C1q-mediated pneumococcal adherence to host cells. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, a unique function of complement protein C1q, as a molecular bridge between pneumococci and the host, which promotes bacterial cellular adherence and invasion. Nevertheless, in some conditions, this mechanism could be also beneficial for the host as it may result in uptake and clearance of the bacteria.
LAT1 Is a Critical Transporter of Essential Amino Acids for Immune Reactions in Activated Human T Cells
Authors: Hayashi Keitaro , Jutabha Promsuk , Endou Hitoshi , Sagara Hironori , Anzai Naohiko
Published: September 2013

Activation of T cells accompanies remarkable enhancement of metabolism. Sufficient and continuous nutrient supply is therefore important to support immune reaction in T cells. However, the mechanism of the promotion of nutrient incorporation in activated T cells has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a major transporter for essential amino acids into activated human T cells. CD3/CD28 stimulation in primary human T cells triggered dramatic induction of LAT1 expression mediated by NF-κB and AP-1. Functional disturbance of LAT1 by a specific inhibitor and by small interfering RNA in human T cells suppressed essential amino acid uptake and induced a stress response mediated by DNA damage–inducible transcript 3 to attenuate cytokine production via inhibition of NF-κB and NFAT activities. These results uncover the previously unknown mechanism by which T cells accelerate essential amino acid uptake upon activation and adapt to essential amino acid starvation. Our results also raise the possibility for application of an LAT1 inhibitor as a new drug for therapy of disease caused by exaggerated immune response.
The p38-MSK1 Signaling Cascade Influences Cytokine Production through CREB and C/EBP Factors in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Mayer Thomas Z. , Simard François A. , Cloutier Alexandre , Vardhan Harsh , Dubois Claire M. , McDonald Patrick P.
Published: September 2013

Neutrophils influence innate and adaptative immunity by generating numerous cytokines and chemokines whose regulation largely depends on transcriptional activators such as NF-κB and C/EBP factors. In this study, we describe the critical involvement of CREB transcription factors (CREB1 and activating transcription factor-1) in this functional response as well as relevant upstream signaling components. Neutrophil stimulation with LPS or TNF led to the phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and chemokine promoter association of CREB1 and activating transcription factor-1. These responses occurred downstream of the p38-MSK1 signaling axis, as did the phosphorylation and promoter association of another bZIP factor, C/EBPβ. Conversely, inhibition of RSK1 failed to alter the phosphorylation of either CREB1 or C/EBPβ in neutrophils. From a more functional standpoint, the inhibition of p38 MAPK or MSK1 interfered with cytokine generation in neutrophils. Likewise, overexpression of a dominant-negative CREB1 mutant (K-CREB) or of a point mutant (S133A) resulted in a decreased ability of human neutrophil-like PLB-985 cells to generate inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, CCL3, CCL4, and TNF-α). Collectively, our data show the involvement of CREB1 in neutrophil cytokine production, the key role of its S133 residue, important upstream signaling events, and the parallel activation of another bZIP factor. These are all potential molecular targets that could be exploited in the context of several chronic inflammatory diseases that prominently feature neutrophils and their products.
Important Role for FcγRIIB on B Lymphocytes for Mucosal Antigen-Induced Tolerance and Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Sun Jia-Bin , Xiang Zou , Smith Kenneth G. C. , Holmgren Jan
Published: September 2013

FcγRIIB, the only FcγR expressed on B cells, is important in the maintenance of immunological tolerance to self-Ags. In this study, we investigated the role of FcγRIIB in Ag-specific CD4 T cell tolerance induced by mucosally administered Ag (OVA) coupled to cholera toxin B subunit (Ag/CTB) or given alone. We found that sublingual administration of Ag/CTB conjugate or intragastric administration of a >100-fold higher dose of Ag alone efficiently suppressed parenteral immunization–induced Ag-specific T cell proliferation and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in FcγRIIB-expressing wild-type (WT), but not FcγRIIB−/−, mice. Such mucosally induced tolerance (oral tolerance) associated with induction of Ag-specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells was restored in FcγRIIB−/− mice by adoptive transfer of either WT B cells or WT dendritic cells before the mucosal Ag/CTB treatment; it was even more pronounced in μMT mice that received FcγRIIB-overexpressing B cells before treatment. Furthermore, cell transfer in either WT or μMT mice of WT but not FcγRIIB−/− B cells pretreated for 1 h in vitro with Ag/CTB conjugate induced Ag-specific immunological tolerance, which was further enhanced by adoptive transfer of WT B cells pretreated with anti-Ag IgG immune complexed Ag/CTB. We conclude that FcγRIIB expression on B cells, in addition to dendritic cells, is important for mucosal induction of Ag-specific immune tolerance.
CD4+ T Cell Expression of MyD88 Is Essential for Normal Resolution of Chlamydia muridarum Genital Tract Infection
Authors: Frazer Lauren C. , Sullivan Jeanne E. , Zurenski Matthew A. , Mintus Margaret , Tomasak Tammy E. , Prantner Daniel , Nagarajan Uma M. , Darville Toni
Published: September 2013

Resolution of Chlamydia genital tract infection is delayed in the absence of MyD88. In these studies, we first used bone marrow chimeras to demonstrate a requirement for MyD88 expression by hematopoietic cells in the presence of a wild-type epithelium. Using mixed bone marrow chimeras we then determined that MyD88 expression was specifically required in the adaptive immune compartment. Furthermore, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD4+ T cell expression of MyD88 was necessary for normal resolution of genital tract infection. This requirement was associated with a reduced ability of MyD88−/−CD4+ T cells to accumulate in the draining lymph nodes and genital tract when exposed to the same inflammatory milieu as wild-type CD4+ T cells. We also demonstrated that the impaired infection control we observed in the absence of MyD88 could not be recapitulated by deficiencies in TLR or IL-1R signaling. In vitro, we detected an increased frequency of apoptotic MyD88−/−CD4+ T cells upon activation in the absence of exogenous ligands for receptors upstream of MyD88. These data reveal an intrinsic requirement for MyD88 in CD4+ T cells during Chlamydia infection and indicate that the importance of MyD88 extends beyond innate immune responses by directly influencing adaptive immunity.
Flow diverter neuroendovascular stents – Reconstructive endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms – Single centre experience
Authors: Kadzioloka Krzysztof , Estrade Laurent , Pierot Laurent , Rajpal Girish
Published: September 2013

Flow diverter stents (FDS) are new neuroendovascular tools able to achieve the complete and curative treatment of aneurysm by reconstruction of the parent arteries from which the aneurysm arises. We present our initial experience with flow diverter embolization devices and follow-up results.

Patients with large, giant and wide necked aneurysms, saccular, fusiform and recurrent aneurysms were selected for the treatment. All patients were pretreated with dual antiplatelet agents at least for 7 days before procedure and continued taking both agents for 3 months after treatment. A MRI was done after 3 months of treatment and digital subtraction angiogram was performed at 4 months of treatment. After 1 year both MRI and digital subtraction angiogram was performed.

11 patients (age range 37 year to 79 year, mean 51.1) with 11 intracranial aneurysms were treated with 15 flow diverter stents. 9 aneurysm were located on the anterior circulation and 2 on posterior circulation. 8 aneurysms were large (10-25 mm), 2 were small (<10 mm) and 1 was giant (>25 mm) with mean largest diameter of 13.22 mm. 9 were saccular aneurysm and 2 were fusiform, out of these 3 were remnant of the previously treated aneurysm. Treatment was achieved with 10 Silk stents in 7 patients and 5 Pipeline embolization devices in 4 patients. The mean time between treatment and follow up was 9.6 months (range 4-12 months). One mortality was noted due to rebleed after 3 weeks of treatment. Complete angiographic occlusion was achieved in 9 (90%) patients after 4 months and 1 (10%) patient had near complete occlusion at 12 months. All the patients were stable clinically during follow up period.

Endovascular treatment with FDS is safe, easy, and permanent treatment for the selected group of aneurysms. The complete occlusion rate in follow-up study approaches 100% with no angiographic recurrence in this study.
The coccolithophores Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus: extant populations from the Norwegian-Iceland Sea and Fram Strait
Authors: Dylmer C. V. , Giraudeau J. , Hanquiez V. , Husum K.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Extant coccolithophores and their relation to the governing oceanographic features in the northern North Atlantic were investigated along two zonal transects of surface water sampling, both conducted during summer 2011 and fall 2007. The northern transects crossed Fram Strait and its two opposing boundary currents (West Spitsbergen Current and East Greenland Current), while the southern transects sampled the Norwegian and Iceland Seas (passing the island Jan Mayen) from the Lofoten Islands to the continental margin off Eastern Greenland. The distribution of the dominant coccolithophore species Emiliania huxleyi and Coccolithus pelagicus is discussed in view of both the surface hydrology at the time of sampling and the structure of the surface mixed layer. Remote-sensing images as well as CTD and ARGO profiles are used to constrain the physico-chemical state of the surface water at the time of sampling. Both transects were characterized by strong seasonal differences in bulk coccolithophore standing stocks with maximum values of 53 × 103 cells L−1 for the northern transect and 72 × 103 cells L−1 for the southern transect in fall and summer, respectively. The highest recorded bulk cell densities are essentially explained by E. huxleyi. This species shows a zonal shift in peak abundance in the Norwegian-Iceland Seas from a summer maximum in the Lofoten gyre to peak cell densities around the island Jan Mayen in fall. Vertical mixing of Atlantic waters west of Lofoten Island, a phenomenom related to pervasive summer large scale atmospheric changes in the eastern Nordic Seas, on one hand, and strengthened influence of melt-water and related surface water stratification around the island Jan Mayen during fall, on the other hand, explains the observed seasonal migration of the E. huxleyi peak production area, as well as the seasonal change in dominating species within the Iceland Sea. In addition our datasets are indicative of a well-defined maximum boundary temperature of 6 °C for the production of C. pelagicus in the northern North Atlantic. The Fram Strait transects provides, to our knowledge, a first view of the zonal distribution of extant coccolithophores in this remote setting during summer and fall. Our datasets are indicative of a seasonal change in the species community from an E. huxleyi-dominated assemblage during summer to a C. pelagicus-rich population during fall. Here, higher irradiance and increased Atlantic water influence during summer favored the production of the opportunistic species E. huxleyi close to the Arctic Front, whereas the peak production area during fall, with high concentrations of C. pelagicus, lays in true Arctic/Polar waters.
SEMANTIC BIM AND GIS MODELLING FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS INTEGRATED IN A HEALTHCARE DISTRICT
Authors: Sebastian R. , Böhms H. M. , Bonsma P. , van den Helm P. W.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. The subject of energy-efficient buildings (EeB) is among the most urgent research priorities in the European Union (EU). In order to achieve the broadest impact, innovative approaches to EeB need to resolve challenges at the neighbourhood level, instead of only focusing on improvements of individual buildings. For this purpose, the design phase of new building projects as well as building retrofitting projects is the crucial moment for integrating multi-scale EeB solutions. In EeB design process, clients, architects, technical designers, contractors, and end-users altogether need new methods and tools for designing energy-efficiency buildings integrated in their neighbourhoods. Since the scope of designing covers multiple dimensions, the new design methodology relies on the inter-operability between Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geospatial Information Systems (GIS). Design for EeB optimisation needs to put attention on the inter-connections between the architectural systems and the MEP/HVAC systems, as well as on the relation of Product Lifecycle Modelling (PLM), Building Management Systems (BMS), BIM and GIS. This paper is descriptive and it presents an actual EU FP7 large-scale collaborative research project titled STREAMER. The research on the inter-operability between BIM and GIS for holistic design of energy-efficient buildings in neighbourhood scale is supported by real case studies of mixed-use healthcare districts. The new design methodology encompasses all scales and all lifecycle phases of the built environment, as well as the whole lifecycle of the information models that comprises: Building Information Model (BIM), Building Assembly Model (BAM), Building Energy Model (BEM), and Building Operation Optimisation Model (BOOM).
IMPROVING 3D SPATIAL QUERIES SEARCH: NEWFANGLED TECHNIQUE OF SPACE FILLING CURVES IN 3D CITY MODELING
Authors: Uznir U. , Anton F. , Suhaibah A. , Rahman A. A. , Mioc D.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. The advantages of three dimensional (3D) city models can be seen in various applications including photogrammetry, urban and regional planning, computer games, etc.. They expand the visualization and analysis capabilities of Geographic Information Systems on cities, and they can be developed using web standards. However, these 3D city models consume much more storage compared to two dimensional (2D) spatial data. They involve extra geometrical and topological information together with semantic data. Without a proper spatial data clustering method and its corresponding spatial data access method, retrieving portions of and especially searching these 3D city models, will not be done optimally. Even though current developments are based on an open data model allotted by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) called CityGML, its XML-based structure makes it challenging to cluster the 3D urban objects. In this research, we propose an opponent data constellation technique of space-filling curves (3D Hilbert curves) for 3D city model data representation. Unlike previous methods, that try to project 3D or n-dimensional data down to 2D or 3D using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or Hilbert mappings, in this research, we extend the Hilbert space-filling curve to one higher dimension for 3D city model data implementations. The query performance was tested using a CityGML dataset of 1,000 building blocks and the results are presented in this paper. The advantages of implementing space-filling curves in 3D city modeling will improve data retrieval time by means of optimized 3D adjacency, nearest neighbor information and 3D indexing. The Hilbert mapping, which maps a subinterval of the [0, 1] interval to the corresponding portion of the d-dimensional Hilbert’s curve, preserves the Lebesgue measure and is Lipschitz continuous. Depending on the applications, several alternatives are possible in order to cluster spatial data together in the third dimension compared to its clustering in 2D.
Multi‐objective optimization power control for code division multiple access systems
Authors: Yang Chang‐Yi
Published: September 2013

In code division multiple access (CDMA) communication systems, the communication channel is usually corrupted with time‐varying interferences, which include channel fading, multiple access interference, round‐trip delay, and noise. Power control is an important issue for CDMA systems to achieve higher communication link quality and better system capacity under time‐varying interferences. In the previous studies, most of power control algorithms only considered the user's target signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise‐ratio (SINR) to maintain quality of service. In this study, a multi‐objective optimization method is proposed for power control design in CDMA systems. With a shadow system and an h ∞  filter to compensate for the round‐trip delay, the proposed power control scheme can simply adjust transmission power to achieve the best compromise between several objectives, such as minimization of SINR deviation, minimization of power consumption, and minimization of the system outage. Several simulation results are given to confirm the performance of the proposed power control scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Assembled Platinum Nanochain Networks Driven by Induced Magnetic Dipoles
Authors: Gao Min‐Rui , Zhang Shi‐Ran , Xu Yun‐Fei , Zheng Ya‐Rong , Jiang Jun , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: September 2013

Developing a reliable technique to organize nanoscale building blocks into ordered one‐dimensional assemblies is of particular interest in a range of practical applications. Here, for the first time, it is reported that platinum (Pt) nanoparticle chain networks can be assembled spontaneously in solution on a large scale. The in‐situ induced magnetic dipoles are believed to be the driving force for producing such elegant assembled nanochains. The alterant electronic structure of Pt modified by a very thin layer of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecules leads to the ferromagnetism of Pt (a traditional paramagnetic metal), which has been verified by a series of analysis techniques and theoretical modeling. The temperature‐ and time‐dependent nucleation, growth, and organization processes of Pt chain networks are carefully investigated. These findings not only present the uncommon ferromagnetism of Pt, but also raise a possibility for expanding this strategy towards other assemblies of nonmagnetic nanoscale building blocks.
Giant Electrocaloric Response Over A Broad Temperature Range in Modified BaTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Qian Xiao‐Shi , Ye Hui‐Jian , Zhang Ying‐Tang , Gu Haiming , Li Xinyu , Randall C. A. , Zhang Q. M.
Published: September 2013

A giant electrocaloric effect (ECE) near room temperature is reported in a lead‐free bulk inorganic material. By tuning Ba(ZrxTi1–x)O3 compositions which also exhibit relaxor ferroelectric response to near the invariant critical point, the Ba(ZrxTi1–x)O3 bulk ceramics at x ∼ 0.2 exhibit a large adiabatic temperature drop of 4.5 K, a large isothermal entropy change of 8 J kg−1 K−1, and a large EC coefficient (|ΔTc/ΔE| = 0.52 × 10−6 KmV−1 and ΔS/ΔE = 0.93 × 10−6 J m kg−1 K−1 V−1) over a 30 K temperature range. These properties added together indicate a general solution of the electrocaloric materials with high performance for practical cooling applications.
Genetic predictors of risk and resilience in psychiatric disorders: A cross‐disorder genome‐wide association study of functional impairment in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
Authors: McGrath Lauren M. , Cornelis Marilyn C. , Lee Phil H. , Robinson Elise B. , Duncan Laramie E. , Barnett Jennifer H. , Huang Jie , Gerber Gloria , Sklar Pamela , Sullivan Patrick , Perlis Roy H. , Smoller Jordan W.
Published: September 2013

Functional impairment is one of the most enduring, intractable consequences of psychiatric disorders and is both familial and heritable. Previous studies have suggested that variation in functional impairment can be independent of symptom severity. Here we report the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of functional impairment in the context of major mental illness. Participants of European‐American descent (N = 2,246) were included from three large treatment studies of bipolar disorder (STEP‐BD) (N = 765), major depressive disorder (STAR*D) (N = 1091), and schizophrenia (CATIE) (N = 390). At study entry, participants completed the SF‐12, a widely used measure of health‐related quality of life. We performed a GWAS and pathway analysis of the mental and physical components of health‐related quality of life across diagnosis (∼1.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms), adjusting for psychiatric symptom severity. Psychiatric symptom severity was a significant predictor of functional impairment, but it accounted for less than one‐third of the variance across disorders. After controlling for diagnostic category and symptom severity, the strongest evidence of genetic association was between variants in ADAMTS16 and physical functioning (P = 5.87 × 10−8). Pathway analysis did not indicate significant enrichment after correction for gene clustering and multiple testing. This study illustrates a phenotypic framework for examining genetic contributions to functional impairment across psychiatric disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discussion on the influence of stirring speed on drop size prediction in an oil–water stirring tank using population balance models
Authors: Wang Wei , Cheng Wei , Duan Jimiao , Wang Pengyu , Gong Jing
Published: September 2013

In present study, the influence of stirring speeds on the prediction of drop size distribution (DSD) of mineral oil–water dispersion in a lab scale stirring tank is numerically simulated with population balance models. DSD of the oil–water dispersion is online measured and compared. It has been found that a fixed dimensionless power number is insufficient to accurately predict the DSD. Instead, the prediction will match the measurement with reduced dimensionless power number at higher stirring speeds, which infers the influence of stirring Reynolds number on dimensionless power number in the near turbulence regime. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Montmorillonite‐reinforced sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Hu Zhengwen , He Gaohong , Gu Shuang , Liu Yuanfa , Wu Xuemei
Published: September 2013

To produce a composite membrane with high conductivity and low permeability, SPPESK with a degree of sulfonation of 101% was carefully selected for the preparation of montmorillonite (MMT)‐reinforced SPPESK using solution intercalation. The fundamental characteristics such as water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and mechanical properties of the composite membranes were studied. Water uptake is improved when organic MMT (OMMT) loading increase. The composite membranes with CTAB‐MMT loading of 4–0.5% show 0.143–0.150 S cm−1 proton conductivity at 80°C, which approaches the value of Nafion112. In addition, methanol permeability was decreased to 6.29 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 by the addition of 6 wt % OMMT. As a result, the SPPESK‐MMT composite membrane is a good candidate for use in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39852.
UV‐activated silicone oligomer cross‐linking through photoacid and photobase organocatalysts
Authors: Chemtob Abraham , De Paz‐Simon Héloïse , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Rigolet Séverinne
Published: September 2013

Diphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate salt and N‐alkyl morpholino acetophenone were shown to be effective photocatalyst generators for the cross‐linking of α,ω‐silanol terminated silicone oligomers. These two photoacid and photobase‐induced polycondensation pathways provided an attractive and efficient alternative to toxic and expensive organometallic catalysts. The utility of this novel UV‐curing process was demonstrated with a combination of time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy to follow the fast reaction kinetics and solid‐state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the polysiloxane network. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39875.
Windshield recycling focused on effective separation of PVB sheet
Authors: Tupy Michael , Mokrejs Pavel , Merinska Dagmar , Svoboda Petr , Zvonicek Josef
Published: September 2013

The study is focused on windshield recycling process resulting in poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) sheets with very low amout of remain glass particles. PVB sheets were obtained from worldwide manufacturer DuPont and then they were laminated by standard autoclaving process. One sample of PVB sheet was modified by multi‐functional organic acid in order to compare various levels of adhesion. Three‐stage technology was proposed for recycling PVB sheets. In the first‐stage laminated safety glass was mechanically cracked. In the second‐stage the adhesion reduction to minimal degree was followed by chemical‐physical assisted separation. It causes self‐release of the glass out of the PVB sheet. The third‐stage was mechanical peeling of the remaining glass from the PVB sheet which completed the recycling process. The optimal process conditions for the most effective delamination process were found. Delamination technology produces PVB sheet with minimal residual glass content (up to 300 ppm) and minimal change in PVB sheet properties. Described recycling technology is ecologically friendly (the effluent is fully recyclable as well) and could reduce the worldwide problem with windshield waste disposal. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39879.