bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparency and water vapor barrier properties of polybenzoxazine‐silica nanocomposites provided with perhydropolysilazane
Authors: Lee Joo Yeon , Saito Reiko
Published: August 2016

Poly[6,6′‐(1‐methylethylidene)bis(3,4‐dihydro‐3‐2H‐1,3‐hexylbenzoxazine)] (PB‐hda)‐silica nanocomposites were synthesized with perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) and PB‐hda by ring opening polymerization in one step. Both high transparency and good water vapor barrier property (WVP) are required to be improved in the field of packing and electronic materials, such as OLED, solar cell, and electronic paper. PB‐hda has shown high toughness and high thermal stability. However, it became dark brown and showed a reduction of WVP with increasing curing temperature, which make it difficult to be applied to packing and electronic materials. In this study, we aim to improve transparency and WVP by addition of PHPS into PB‐hda matrix. It was found that nanocomposites showed the improvement of WVP and transparency owing to SiOC linkages between PB‐hda and PHPS. In particular, a nanocomposite with 1 wt % of silica showed the most significant improvement in terms of transparency and the WVP. These properties were found to be influenced by the thickness of the combined polymer‐silica layers that formed around the silica particles; these layers were thickest in the 1 wt % sample. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44238.
Electrospun‐Technology‐Derived High‐Performance Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Xu Mengjiao , Wang Minxuan , Xu Hao , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan
Published: August 2016

Electrospinning, as a novel nontextile filament technology, is an important method to prepare continuous nanofibers and has shown its remarkable advantages, such as a broadly applicable material system, controllable fiber size and structure, and simple process. Electrospun nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning have shown promising applications in many fields, such as supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries, owing to their large specific surface area and adjustable network pore structure. The principle of electrospinning and key points relevant to its usage in the preparation of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage materials are reviewed herein based on recent publications, particularly focusing on research progress of relative materials. Also, this review describes a distinctive conclusion and perspective on the future challenges and opportunities in electrospun nanomaterials.
Comparison of luminescence property of gamma‐ray irradiated Tb3+‐doped and Ce3+ co‐doped potassium halide single crystals
Authors: Bangaru S. , Ravi D. , Saradha K.
Published: August 2016

Single crystals of KCl and KBr singly and doubly doped with Tb3+ and Ce3+, respectively, were successfully grown using the Bridgeman technique. This work reports the comparative luminescence behavior and optical absorption characterization of non‐irradiated and γ‐ray‐irradiated single crystals of these materials. The existing defect and the defect created by γ‐ray irradiation were monitored by optical absorption spectra. The excitation and emission spectra of these materials were measured at room temperature with a spectrofluorometer and the pertaining results were compared. The F‐band comparison was made when bleached with F‐light for 2 mins. The trap‐level changes in KCl and KBr when it is singly and doubly doped enabled us to draw conclusions on the nature of the defect and on the recombination processes involved.
An expedient reverse‐phase high‐performance chromatography (RP‐HPLC) based method for high‐throughput analysis of deferoxamine and ferrioxamine in urine
Authors: Arshad Bushra , Iqbal Tahira , Akram Sumia , Mushtaq Muhammad
Published: August 2016

The present study was planned to optimize and validate an expedient reverse‐phase high chromatography (RP‐HPLC) based protocol for the analysis of deferoxamine (DFO) and ferrioxamine (FO) in urinary execration of patients suffering β‐thalassemia major. The optimized RP‐HPLC method was found to be linear over the wide range of DFO and FO concentration (1–90 μg/mL) with appreciable recovery rates (79.64–97.30%) of quality controls at improved detection and quantitation limits and acceptable inter and intraday variability. Real‐time analysis of DFO and FO in the urine of thalassemic patients (male and female) at different intervals of Desferal®(Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation) injection revealed DFO and FO excretion at significantly (p < 0) different rates. The maximum concentrations of DFO (76.7 ± 3.06 μg/mL) and FO (74.2 ± 3.25 μg/mL) were found in urine samples, collected after 6 h of drug infusion while the minimum levels of DFO (1.10 ± 0.12 μg/mL) and FO (2.97 ± 0.13 μg/mL) were excreted by patients after 24 h. The present paper offers balanced conditions for an expedient, reliable and quick determination of DFO and FO in urine samples.
Co‐segregation of a homozygous SMN1 deletion and a heterozygous PMP22 duplication in a patient
Authors: Fernández Raquel M. , Peciña Ana , Muñoz‐Cabello Beatriz , Antiñolo Guillermo , Borrego Salud
Published: August 2016

Key Clinical Message

Despite co‐segregation of two different genetic neurological disorders within a family is rare, clinicians should take into consideration this possibility in patients presenting with unusual complex phenotypes or with unexpected electrophysiological findings. Here, we report a Spanish 11‐month‐old patient with spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth 1A.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Photophysical Studies of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Complexes with D–π–A–π–D Type Ligands and Their Application Studies as Organic Memories
Authors: Leung Ming‐Yi , Leung Sammual Yu‐Lut , Wu Di , Yu Tao , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: August 2016

A new class of ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with a series of D–π–A–π–D type (D=donor, A=acceptor) ligands was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the complexes were also investigated. The newly synthesized ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes were found to exhibit two intense absorption bands at both high‐energy (λ=333–369 nm) and low‐energy (λ=520–535 nm) regions. They are assigned as intraligand (IL) π→π* transitions of the bipyridine (bpy) and π‐conjugated bpy ligands, and IL charge‐transfer (CT) transitions from the donor to the acceptor moiety with mixing of dπ(RuII)→π*(bpy) and dπ(RuII)→π*(L) MLCT characters, respectively. In addition, all complexes were demonstrated to exhibit intense red emissions at approximately λ=727–744 nm in degassed dichloromethane at 298 K or in n‐butyronitrile glass at 77 K. Nanosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy has also been carried out, establishing the presence of the charge‐separated state. In order to understand the electrochemical properties of the complexes, cyclic voltammetry has also been performed. Two quasi‐reversible oxidation couples and three quasi‐reversible reduction couples were observed. One of the ruthenium(II) complexes has been utilized in the fabrication of memory devices, in which an ON/OFF current ratio of over 104 was obtained.
Metal‐Free Activation of a C(sp)−H Bond of Aryl Acetylenes
Authors: Rout Laxmidhar , Parida Bibhuti Bhusan , Florent Jean‐Claude , Johannes Ludger , Choudhury Santosh Kumar , Phaomei Ganngam , Scanlon Joe , Bertounesque Emmanuel
Published: August 2016

C(sp)−H Bond activation of acetylene molecule still remains a challenge for synthetic organic chemists. In practice, acetylenes are activated by strong bases and metals. The first example for activating acetylenic protons under base and metal‐free conditions is reported here. It involves a general method for synthesizing propargylic derivatives of cotarnine. An array of tetrahydroisoquinolines alkaloids was synthesized by C(sp)−H bond activation of aromatic acetylenes with cotarnine at room temperature. A DFT‐based mechanism is proposed for the reaction.
Synthesis, performance, and mechanism of magnesium‐iron‐aluminum trimetal composite as an adsorbent for fluoride removal in water treatment
Authors: Zhao Wei , Chen Yuantao , Zhang Wei , Wang Jian , Hu Chunlian , He Wenfang
Published: August 2016

In this study the Mg‐Fe‐Al trimetal composite was successfully synthesized by an easy co‐precipitation method and used as the adsorbent for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Synthetic conditions such as Mg/Fe/Al molar ratio and calcination temperature were studied to optimize the adsorbent. The adsorbents were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Batch adsorption studies were conducted under various conditions, such as different fluoride concentration, contact time, temperature, initial solution pH, and coexisting anions. Results indicated that the adsorbent obtained the maximum adsorption capacity of 92.85 mg/g for fluoride with a Mg/Fe/Al molar ratio of 30:1:4, calcined at 500 °C, at near‐neutral pH and room temperature (25 °C). The adsorption data were fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo‐first order kinetic model. The adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic interaction on the surface, ion exchange interaction, and reconstruction of original layered structure by rehydration of mixed metal oxides. All results indicated that the Mg‐Fe‐Al trimetal composite can be a very promising material, has potential application in the removal of fluoride in water treatment, and has positive effects on human health.
Use of systemic therapy with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer: A National Cancer Data Base analysis
Authors: Ward Matthew C. , Reddy Chandana A. , Adelstein David J. , Koyfman Shlomo A.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of systemic therapy along with definitive radiotherapy for elderly patients with head and neck cancer.

METHODS

Patients who were 71 years old or older with stage III to IVB squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, or hypopharynx treated with definitive radiotherapy with or without systemic therapy were identified from the National Cancer Data Base. Patterns of systemic therapy use before or during definitive radiotherapy were investigated. The association between systemic therapy use and overall survival was investigated with a multivariate, inverse probability–weighted propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazards model.

RESULTS

Elderly patients treated between 2004 and 2012 (n = 4165) were identified, and 80.4% received systemic therapy. The median follow‐up was 26 months (range, 1.8‐125 months), and the 3‐year overall survival rate was 51.6% (95% confidence interval, 50.0%‐53.2%). During the study period, there was an increase in the frequency of systemic therapy use from 64% in 2004 to 86% in 2012. The use of systemic therapy was associated with improved overall survival in the multivariate model (hazard ratio, 1.456; 95% confidence interval, 1.308‐1.620; P < .0001). A threshold age above which the use of systemic therapy was not associated with improved overall survival in select patients was not identified.

CONCLUSIONS

In contrast to the available prospective evidence, the majority of elderly patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy also receive systemic therapy. The use of systemic therapy is associated with improved overall survival and should be a patient‐specific decision in all age groups. Cancer 2016;122:3472–3483. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Quantitative analyses of cellularity and proliferative activity reveals the dynamics of the central canal lining during postnatal development of the rat
Authors: Alexovič Matiašová Anna , Ševc Juraj , Tomori Zoltán , Gombalová Zuzana , Gedrová Štefánia , Daxnerová Zuzana
Published: August 2016

According to previous opinion, the derivation of neurons and glia from the central canal (CC) lining of the spinal cord in rodents should occur in the embryonic period. Reports of the mitotic activity observed in the lining during postnatal development have often been contradictory, and proliferation was ascribed to the generation of ependymocytes, which are necessary for the elongation of CC walls. Our study quantifies the intensity of proliferation and determines the cellularity of the CC lining in reference to lumbar spinal segment L4 during the postnatal development of rats. The presence of dividing cells peaks in the CC lining on postnatal day 8 (P8), with division occurring in 19.2% ± 3.2% of cells. In adult rats, 3.6% ± 0.9% of cells still proliferate, whereas, in mice, 10.3% ± 2.3% of cells at P8 and only 0.6% ± 0.2% of cells in the CC lining in adulthood are proliferating. In the rat, the length of the cell cycle increases from 100.3 ± 35.7 hours at P1 to 401.4 ± 80.6 hours at P43, with a sudden extension between P15 and P22. Despite the intensive proliferation, the total cellularity of the CC lining at the L4 spinal segment significantly descended in from P8 to P15. According to our calculations, the estimated cellularity was significantly higher compared with the measured cellularity of the CC lining at P15. Our results indicate that CC lining serves as a source of cells beyond ependymal cells during the first postnatal weeks of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:693–707, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Chemical Charging/Discharging on Plasmonic Behavior of Silver Metal Nanoparticles Prepared using Citrate‐Stabilized Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots
Authors: Ingole Pravin P. , Bhat Mohsin A.
Published: August 2016

The thermodynamics and kinetics of the chemical and electrochemical charging of a catalyst surface are very important to understand its applicability as a catalyst material, particularly in redox catalysis. Through the present study, we hereby communicate the results obtained from our detailed investigations related to the effect of chemical charging on the plasmonic behavior of silver metal nanoparticles (Ag MNPs) as redox catalysts. Two different batches of Ag MNPs were prepared through thermally assisted chemical reduction of silver ions. The difference in these batches was the use or not of citrate‐capped cadmium selenide quantum dots (Q‐CdSe) for the reduction of solution‐phase silver ions to their colloidal plasmonic phase. The charge on the surfaces of the Ag MNPs was varied by the chemical electron injection method by using BH4− ions from a NaBH4 solution. The processes of charging and discharging were monitored by using UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The impact of the concentration of the reductant on the charging and discharging processes was also investigated. The Ag MNPs were also tested for their voltammetric response, wherein it was observed that it was more difficult to oxidize the Ag MNPs prepared with Q‐CdSe seeds than to oxidize Ag MNPs prepared without Q‐CdSe particles. Our results demonstrate that Q‐CdSe seeds not only enhance the redox catalytic activity of Ag MNPs but also provide stability towards polarization of their plasmonic behavior.
Development of pH‐Responsive BODIPY Probes for Staining Late Endosome in Live Cells
Authors: Miao Fang , Uchinomiya Shohei , Ni Yong , Chang Young‐Tae , Wu Jishan
Published: August 2016

Reported is a new fluorescent probe based on boron–dipyrromethene dye (BODIPY) for late endosome staining in live cells. Among the 14 pH‐responsive BODIPY‐based far‐red/near‐infrared dyes used, it was found that a (4‐methyl‐1‐piperazinyl)phenyl‐substituted BODIPY could stain late endosomes in three different cell lines. This BODIPY dye was applicable for measurement of the fusion time of late endosomes and lysosomes, thereby demonstrating the utility of this dye for functional analyses of late endosomes in live cells.
Enhanced Solar Hydrogen Generation by a Heterojunction of Perovskite‐type La2Ti2O7 Nanosheets Doped with CdS Quantum Dots
Authors: Hu Sujuan , Zhu Mingshan
Published: August 2016

A heterojunction of a perovskite‐type La2Ti2O7 (LTO)/CdS quantum dot (QD) nanocomposite was prepared by the chemical bath deposition method. The solar‐light‐driven H2 generation results show that this CdS QDs/LTO heterojunction exhibits great improvement in the photocatalytic H2 production and its photoelectrochemical properties in comparison with pure CdS QDs and LTO nanosheets. A possible enhanced mechanism of photoinduced interfacial charge transfer between CdS and LTO is proposed for the heterojunction. The shift of the CdS conduction band (CB) edge can enlarge the CB potential difference between CdS QDs and LTO, enhancing transferred driven force of the interfacial electrons and finally improving the two components’ separation activity of photogenerated carriers. This study provides a promising method for constructing an efficient photoinduced interfacial charge transfer over LTO and CdS QD heterojunctions for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Development of myotendinous‐like junctions that anchor cardiac valves requires fibromodulin and lumican
Authors: Dupuis Loren E. , Doucette Lorna , Rice A. Kittrell , Lancaster Ashton E. , Berger Matthew G. , Chakravarti Shukti , Kern Christine B.
Published: August 2016

Background: There are many patients that exhibit connective tissue related cardiac malformations but do not have mutations in collagen genes. The Small Leucine Rich Proteoglycans (SLRP) fibromodulin (FMOD) and lumican (LUM) bind collagen and regulate fibril assembly in other biological contexts. Results: FMOD deficient mice and double deficient FMOD; LUM mice exhibited anomalies in regions where cardiac valve tissue interdigitates with adjacent muscle for support. Ectopic connective and/or myocardial tissue(s) was associated with the more severe cardiac valve anomalies in FMOD; LUM deficient mice. At postnatal day 0 (P0) there was an increase in the mesenchymal cell number in the regions where valve cusps anchor in FMOD; LUM deficient mice compared to WT. The cardiac valve anomalies correlated with the highest levels of FMOD expression in the heart and also where myotendinous junctions (MTJ) components biglycan, collagen type I alpha 1, and collagen type VI, are also localized. Conclusions: The postnatal assembly of the collagen‐rich ECM in regions where cardiac valves anchor, that we have designated ‘myotendinous‐like junctions’ (MTLJ) requires the SLRPs FMOD and LUM. Moreover, FMOD and LUM may facilitate mesenchymal cell differentiation in late stages of cardiac valve development. Developmental Dynamics 245:1029–1042, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eu2(CN2)3 and KEu[Si(CN2)4]: Missing Members of the Rare Earth Metal Carbodiimide and Tetracyanamidosilicate Series
Authors: Dutczak Danuta , Ströbele Markus , Enseling David , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen
Published: August 2016

Europium(III) compounds with the compositions Eu2(CN2)3 and KEu[Si(CN2)4] were prepared by solid‐state metathesis reactions. The europium(III) carbodiimide was prepared by the reaction of EuF3 and Li2CN2, while the europium(III) tetracyanamidosilicate was prepared from EuF3, K2SiF6, and Li2CN2. Their crystal structures were refined from powder XRD data with space groups C2/m for Eu2(CN2)3 and P21212 for KEu[Si(CN2)4]. Luminescence spectra of Eu2(CN2)3 and KEu[Si(CN2)4] as well as nonlinear optical properties of KEu[Si(CN2)4] are reported. The two synthesized compounds are the missing members of the rare earth metal carbodiimide and tetracyanamidosilicate series.
Alternative Synthetic Route to Potassium Octacyanidoniobate(IV) and Its Molybdenum Congener
Authors: Handzlik Gabriela , Magott Michał , Sieklucka Barbara , Pinkowicz Dawid
Published: August 2016

Octacyanidometallates have been proven to be very useful molecular building blocks for the construction of various molecular materials with a strong emphasis on magnetic properties. However, their availability is still limited due to the preparation difficulties. Existing methods for their preparation consume large amounts of cyanide and require prolonged time for the synthesis. In this contribution novel synthetic routes for octacyanidoniobate(IV) and octacyanidomolybdate(IV) using NbCl4(THF)2 and MoCl5, respectively, as starting materials are reported. The synthesis of both complexes are significantly improved in terms of simplicity, preparation time, yield and purity.
A Halogen Bonding 1,3‐Disubstituted Ferrocene Receptor for Recognition and Redox Sensing of Azide
Authors: Lim Jason Y. C. , Beer Paul D.
Published: August 2016

A neutral redox‐active acyclic halogen bonding (XB) receptor with a ferrocene core functionalised at the 1,3‐positions of a cyclopentadienyl ring with iodotriazole motifs is prepared. Owing to favourable host‐guest size‐complementarity, the receptor was found to be selective for azide over a diverse range of anions with different geometries. Voltammetric studies revealed the unique ability of the XB ferrocene receptor to selectively sense azide via a significant cathodic shift of its ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple. Notably, much weaker binding of azide was observed for the hydrogen bonding 1,3‐bis‐prototriazole ferrocene receptor analogue, which also displayed a poorer electrochemical response, suggesting that halogen bonding interactions play crucial roles in the binding and sensing of azide.
Direct Organocatalysed Double Michael Addition of α‐Angelica Lactone to Enones
Authors: Lagoutte Roman , Besnard Céline , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: August 2016

The direct vinylogous Michael addition of unactivated α‐Angelica lactone to enones under iminium activation using 9‐amino‐9‐deoxy‐epi‐quinine as catalyst along with 2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthoic acid as co‐catalyst has led to the formation of γ,γ‐disubstituted butenolides in high yields, moderate‐to‐good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. The readily available catalytic system over‐rides the steric hindrance, which would otherwise lead to the preferential formation of thesynisomer, to afford theantiisomer instead. Under enamine activation, theantiisomer selectively undergoes cyclisation to the hexahydrobenzofuran‐2(3H)‐one, which is readily separated from the left‐oversynisomer. Mechanistic details, including the fate of the pro‐nucleophile and the origin of the diastereoselectivity, are also discussed.
Oral exposure to commercially available coal tar‐based pavement sealcoat induces murine genetic damage and mutations
Authors: Long Alexandra S. , Watson Margaret , Arlt Volker M. , White Paul A.
Published: August 2016

Coal tar (CT) is a thick black liquid produced as a by‐product of coal carbonization to produce coke or manufactured gas. It is comprised a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic compounds, including a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which are genotoxic and carcinogenic. CT is used in some pavement sealants (also known as sealcoat), which are applied to pavement in order to seal and beautify the surface. Human exposure is known to occur not only during application, but also as a result of the weathering process, as elevated levels of PAHs have been found in settled house dust in residences adjacent to CT‐sealed surfaces. In this study we examined the genotoxicity of an extract of a commercially available CT‐based sealcoat in the transgenic Muta™Mouse model. Mice were orally exposed to 3 doses of sealcoat extract daily for 28 days. We evaluated genotoxicity by examining: (1) stable DNA adducts and (2) lacZ mutations in bone marrow, liver, lung, small intestine, and glandular stomach, as well as (3) micronucleated red blood cells. Significant increases were seen for each endpoint and in all tissues. The potency of the response differed across tissues, with the highest frequency of adducts occurring in liver and lung, and the highest frequency of mutations occurring in small intestine. The results of this study are the first demonstration of mammalian genotoxicity following exposure to CT‐containing pavement sealcoat. This work provides in vivo evidence to support the contention that there may be adverse health effects in mammals, and potentially in humans, from exposure to coal tar. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:535–545, 2016. © 2016 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
First‐Principles Molecular Dynamics Study of Carbon Corrosion in PEFC Catalyst Materials
Authors: Holby E. F.
Published: August 2016

Carbon corrosion plays an important role in ORR catalyst durability for both Pt‐based catalysts as well as Pt group metal‐free (PGM‐free) catalysts. This corrosion process is attributed to CO2 generation during one of several probable, kinetically controlled electrochemical reactions. Previous relative stability studies considered only thermodynamic formation energy and thus do not include the kinetic nature of the carbon corrosion mechanism. In this manuscript, a model for electron beam damage utilizing first‐principles molecular dynamics is applied to the understanding of how defects and surface species may affect the durability and corrosion susceptibility of graphene support structures at the atomic scale. Based on the outcomes of these studies, the calculated knock‐on displacement threshold energy is hypothesized to be a computationally accessible durability descriptor sensitive to kinetics of C removal and local atomic structure.
Label‐free analysis of mononuclear human blood cells in microfluidic flow by coherent imaging tools
Authors: Dannhauser David , Rossi Domenico , Memmolo Pasquale , Causa Filippo , Finizio Andrea , Ferraro Pietro , Netti Paolo A.
Published: August 2016

The investigation of the physical properties of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is of great relevance, as they play a key role in regulating human body health. Here we report the possibility to characterize human PBMC in their physiological conditions in a microfluidic‐based measurement system. A viscoelastic polymer solution is adopted for 3D alignment of individual cells inflow. An optical signature (OS) acquisition of each flowing cell is performed using a wide angle light scattering apparatus. Besides, a quantitative phase imaging (QPI) holographic system is employed with the aim (i) to check the position in flow of individual cells using a holographic 3D cell tracking method; and (ii) to estimate their 3D morphometric features, such as their refractive index (RI). Results obtained by combining OS and QPI have been compared with literature values, showing good agreement. The results confirm the possibility to obtain sub‐micrometric details of physical cell properties in microfluidic flow, avoiding chemical staining or fluorescent labelling.

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The fabrication of well‐interconnected polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds, enhancing the exposure of hydroxyapatite using the wire‐network molding technique
Authors: Cho Yong Sang , Hong Myoung Wha , Jeong Hoon‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Jae , Kim Young Yul , Cho Young‐Sam
Published: August 2016

In this study, the fabrication method was proposed for the well‐interconnected polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with exposed hydroxyapatite using modified WNM technique. To characterize well‐interconnected scaffolds in terms of hydroxyapatite exposure, several assessments were performed as follows: morphology, mechanical property, wettability, calcium ion release, and cell response assessments. The results of these assessments were compared with those of control scaffolds which were fabricated by precision extruding deposition (PED) apparatus. The control PED scaffolds have interconnected pores with nonexposed hydroxyapatite. Consequently, cell attachment of proposed WNM scaffold was improved by increased hydrophilicity and surface roughness of scaffold surface resulting from the exposure of hydroxyapatite particles and fabrication process using powders. Moreover, cell proliferation and differentiation of WNM scaffold were increased, because the exposure of hydroxyapatite particles may enhance cell adhesion and calcium ion release. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2315–2325, 2017.
ALCOHOL OUTLETS AND SUBSTANCE USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOLERS
Authors: Milam Adam J. , Johnson Sarah Lindstrom , Furr‐Holden C. Debra M. , Bradshaw Catherine P.
Published: August 2016

Few studies have considered the potential role of the built environment in increasing adolescent substance use. The current study explored the relationship between alcohol outlets, a potential malleable component of the neighborhood environment, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between alcohol outlet density, perceived alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATOD) availability, perception of substance use as a problem at the school, and self‐reported ATOD use. Data come from Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools (MDS3) Initiative, a statewide project focused on measuring and improving school climate. The sample includes 25,308 adolescents from 58 high schools (Grades 9–12) across 12 counties. Multilevel path models indicated a positive relationship between the count of alcohol outlets and perceived availability of ATOD among girls but not boys. Perceived availability was associated with increased ATOD use at both individual and school levels as well as other students’ ATOD use. Findings provide support for the potential role of the built environment in adolescent risk for substance use, particularly among girls.
SUPPORT, SENSE OF COMMUNITY, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS IN THE SURVIVORS OF THE YAAN EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Huang Yunong , Tan Ngoh Tiong , Liu Junqiang
Published: August 2016

This research examined associations among social support, governmental support, sense of community, and psychological status, including depression and life satisfaction, in Yaan earthquake survivors, based on a cross‐sectional survey conducted in June 2014. The survey applied a nonprobability sampling method and a total of 495 survivors aged 18 years and older completed the questionnaire. Regression analyses revealed that social support and sense of community were associated with depression. Sense of community mediated the relationships between depression and both social and governmental support. Governmental support and sense of community were associated with life satisfaction. Sense of community mediated the relationships between life satisfaction and both social and governmental support. The findings suggest that social support, governmental support, and sense of community would enhance the psychological well‐being of disaster survivors.
Chemoresistance of Lung and Breast Cancer Cells Growing Under Prolonged Periods of Serum Starvation
Authors: Yakisich Juan Sebastian , Venkatadri Rajkumar , Azad Neelam , Iyer Anand Krishnan V.
Published: August 2016

The efficacy of chemotherapy is hindered by both tumor heterogeneity and acquired or intrinsic multi‐drug resistance caused by the contribution of multidrug resistance proteins and stemness‐associated prosurvival markers. Therefore, targeting multi‐drug resistant cells would be much more effective against cancer. In this study, we characterized the chemoresistance properties of adherent (anchorage‐dependent) lung H460 and breast MCF‐7 cancer cells growing under prolonged periods of serum starvation (PPSS). We found that under PPSS, both cell lines were highly resistant to Paclitaxel, Colchicine, Hydroxyurea, Obatoclax, Wortmannin, and LY294002. Levels of several proteins associated with increased stemness such as Sox2, MDR1, ABCG2, and Bcl‐2 were found to be elevated in H460 cells but not in MCF‐7 cells. While pharmacological inhibition of either MDR1, ABCG2, Bcl‐2 with Verapamil, Sorafenib, or Obatoclax, respectively decreased the levels of their target proteins under routine culture conditions as expected, such inhibition did not reverse PX resistance in PPSS conditions. Paradoxically, treatment with inhibitors in serum‐starved conditions produced an elevation of their respective target proteins. In addition, we found that Digitoxin, an FDA approved drug that decrease the viability of cancer cells growing under PPSS, downregulates the expression of Sox2, MDR1, phospho‐ AKT, Wnt5a/b, and β‐catenin. Our data suggest that PPSS‐induced chemoresistance is the result of extensive rewiring of intracellular signaling networks and that multi‐resistance can be effectively overcome by simultaneously targeting multiple targets of the rewired network. Furthermore, our PPSS model provides a simple and useful tool to screen drugs for their ability to target multiple pathways of cancer resistance. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2033–2043, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The characteristics of registered sexual offenders in an Australian jurisdiction
Authors: Day Andrew , Darwinkel Elli , Vess James
Published: August 2016

Current policies to manage convicted sexual offenders living in the community do not differentiate between those at different levels of risk. This is important if risk management strategies are to be better targeted. However, current methods of categorizing risk bands rely on the application of data from other populations, and thus may lack validity when used in jurisdictions other than those in which the validation data were collected. This study provides a descriptive analysis of cases managed by police in one Australian jurisdiction, presenting the offence histories and risk profiles of this population. The analysis shows that the heterogeneity exists in relation to offence type, level of risk, and victim characteristics, suggesting that more sophisticated systems of offender classification are likely to be required if judgements about risk are to inform offender management and the investigation of new sexual crime.
The prevalence of hepatitis B infection in central China: An adult population‐based serological survey of a large sample size
Authors: Yong Hao Guo , Da Xing Feng , Jin Xu , Xiu Hong Feng , Pu Mei Dong , Jun Li , Ying Ye , Yan Yang Zhang , Wan Shen Guo
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serum HBsAg among adults in Henan province, China. A provincial serosurvey of people aged 18–74 years was conducted and individuals for analysis were selected using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method. A 5‐ml serum sample from each person was collected and the serum was tested for the presence of HBsAg, HBcAb, HBsAb, HBeAg, and HBeAb by ELISA. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with the prevalence of HBsAg. A total of 16,685 residents, aged 18–74 years who resided in 60 communities or villages in Henan, China were surveyed. Among the eligible study population, 642 HBsAg positive cases (3.7%) were found. The prevalence increased steadily from 3.1% among population aged 18–35 years old, to 5.1% among population aged 55–74 years. Accordingly, HBsAb declined steadily from 53.4% to 24.7%. Six hundred and forty‐two positive HBsAg blood samples were screened for the HBeAg and HBeAb. HBeAg prevalence declined steadily from 27.7% among population age 18–35 years old to 6.8% among population age 55–74 years old. The single factor analysis was used for 16 possible risk factors and multivariate analysis showed that five risk factors were significantly related to HBV infection. HBV infection is a serious public health problem among adult population in Henan. Strengthening administrative regulations of medical practices, especially in rural areas, and providing health education propaganda to the public of HBV infection should be given more attention on public health policy. J. Med. Virol. 89:450–457, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon sequestration dynamic, trend and efficiency as affected by 22‐year fertilization under a rice–wheat cropping system
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Zhang Yueqiang , Liu Xueqin , He Xinhua , Shi Xiaojun
Published: August 2016

The maintenance and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural systems is critical to food security and climate change, but information about the dynamic trend and efficiency of SOC sequestration is still limited, particularly under long‐term fertilizations. In a typical Purpli‐Udic Cambosols soil under subtropical monsoon climate in southwestern China this study thus estimated the dynamic, trend and efficiency of SOC sequestration after 22‐year (1991–2013) long‐term inorganic and/or organic fertilizations. Nine fertilizations under a rice–wheat system were examined: control (no fertilization), N, NP, NK, PK, NPK, NPKM (NPK plus manure), NPKS (NPK plus straw), and 1.5NPKS (150% NPK plus straw). Averagely, after 22‐years SOC contents were significantly increased by 4.2–25.3% and 10.2–32.5% under these fertilizations than under control conditions with the greatest increase under NPKS. The simulation of SOC dynamic change with an exponential growth equation to maximum over the whole fertilization period predicted the SOC level in a steady state as 18.1 g kg−1 for NPKS, 17.4 g kg−1 for 1.5NPKS, and 14.5–14.9 g kg−1 for NK, NP, NPK, and NPKM, respectively. Either inorganic, organic or their combined fertilization significantly increased crop productivity and C inputs that were incorporated into soil ranging from 0.91 to 4.63 t (ha · y)−1. The C sequestration efficiency was lower under NPKM, NPKS, and 1.5NPKS (13.2%, 9.0%, and 10.1%) than under NP and NPK (17.0% and 14.4%). The increase of SOC was asymptotical to a maximum with increasing C inputs that were variedly enhanced by different fertilizations, indicating an existence of SOC saturation and a declined marginal efficiency of SOC sequestration. Taken all these results together, the combined NPK plus straw return is a suitable fertilizer management strategy to simultaneously achieve high crop productivity and soil C sequestration potential particularly in crop rotation systems.
Nonpigmented hair removal using photodynamic therapy in animal model
Authors: Shin Hyoseung , Yoon Ji‐Seon , Koh Wooseok , Kim Jin Yong , Kim Chang‐Hyun , Han Kang Min , Kim Eo Jin , Kwon Ohsang
Published: August 2016

Background and Objective

Lasers have been successfully used for decades to remove dark hair. However, laser removal of nonpigmented hair is challenging due to the lack of chromophores. The aim of this study was to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) to remove nonpigmented hair.

Study Design/Material and Methods

We compared the efficacy of permanent hair reduction in white BALB/c and black C57BL/6 mice treated with PDT or an 800‐nm diode laser. We collected skin biopsy specimens and investigated post‐PDT histologic changes and molecular changes.

Results

We observed keratin 15 staining in the bulge area and alkaline phosphatase staining in the dermal papilla following PDT. We observed a temporary, catagen‐like transformation in nonpigmented hair follicles after PDT. We observed apoptotic cells in the hair matrix after PDT. Irradiation with an 800‐nm diode laser did not achieve nonpigmented hair removal. Multiple PDT sessions achieved permanent reduction of nonpigmented hair. Interestingly, removal of black hair using PDT was less efficient.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that PDT can damage the nonpigmented hair matrix, but not stem cells or dermal papillae. Repeated PDT may impair the hair‐regeneration capacity via a bystander effect on bulge stem cells or dermal papillae. In this study, we found it was possible to remove nonpigmented hair using PDT. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:748–762, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quasilinear chemotaxis–haptotaxis model: The roles of nonlinear diffusion and logistic source
Authors: Liu Ji , Wang Yifu
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we study the following quasilinear chemotaxis–haptotaxis system

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4126:mma4126-math-0001
in a bounded smooth domain
under zero‐flux boundary conditions, where the nonlinearities D,S1, and S2 are supposed to generalize the prototypes

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4126:mma4126-math-0003
with
, and f∈C1([0,+∞) × [0,+∞)) satisfies

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4126:mma4126-math-0005
with r > 0 and b > 0. If the nonnegative initial data u0(x)∈W1,∞(Ω),v0(x)∈W1,∞(Ω), and
for some α∈(0,1), it is proved that

For n = 1, if
and
then (⋆) has a unique nonnegative classical solution, which is globally bounded.

For n = 2, if
and
then (⋆) has a unique nonnegative classical solution, which is globally bounded.

For n≥3, if
and
then (⋆) has a unique nonnegative classical solution, which is globally bounded.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐order discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible flows with immersed boundaries
Authors: Müller B. , Krämer‐Eis S. , Kummer F. , Oberlack M.
Published: August 2016

We present a higher order discretization scheme for the compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations with immersed boundaries. Our approach makes use of a discontinuous Galerkin discretization in a domain that is implicitly defined by means of a level set function. The zero iso‐contour of this level set function is considered as an additional domain boundary where we weakly enforce boundary conditions in the same manner as in boundary‐fitted cells. In order to retain the full order of convergence of the scheme, it is crucial to perform volume and surface integrals in boundary cells with high accuracy. This is achieved using a linear moment‐fitting strategy. Moreover, we apply a non‐intrusive cell‐agglomeration technique that averts problems with very small and ill‐shaped cuts. The robustness, accuracy, and convergence properties of the scheme are assessed in several two‐dimensional test cases for the steady compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. Approximation orders range from 0 to 4, even though the approach directly generalizes to even higher orders. In all test cases with a sufficiently smooth solution, the experimental order of convergence matches the expected rate for discontinuous Galerkin schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dilated cavum septi pellucidi in fetuses with microdeletion 22q11
Authors: Chaoui Rabih , Heling Kai‐Sven , Zhao Yili , Sinkovskaya Elena , Abuhamad Alfred , Karl Katrin
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is an easily recognizable landmark in the fetal brain. CSP disappears after birth to form the septum pellucidum. Children with microdeletion 22q11 (del. 22q11) were, however, reported to have a persistent dilated CSP. This study was designed to examine whether the CSP is dilated in fetuses with del.22q11.

Methods

This was a case–control study where the CSP width was measured in normal fetuses from 16 to 34 weeks and in fetuses with del. 22q11. CSP width was correlated to the biparietal diameter (BPD). Reference curves were constructed, and z‐scores calculated.

Results

Cavum septi pellucidi width in 260 normal fetuses showed a linear correlation with BPD. The study group consisted of 37 fetuses with del. 22q11. In 25/37 (67.5%) of fetuses with del. 22q11, the CSP was enlarged with a mean z‐score of 2.64 (p < 0.0001). Fetuses with a BPD > 50 mm (>22 weeks of gestation) had a dilated CSP in 85.7% (24/28).

Conclusions

The CSP is a structure routinely evaluated in screening ultrasound. A wide CSP is found in second trimester fetuses with del. 22q11. A dilated CSP may be an important sonographic marker for the presence of del. 22q11 along with conotruncal malformations and thymic hypoplasia. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of a localized STRASS technique to obtain highly tensile strained Si regions in advanced FDSOI CMOS devices
Authors: Bonnevialle A. , Reboh S. , Le Royer C. , Morand Y. , Hartmann J.‐M. , Rouchon D. , Pedini J.‐M. , Tabone C. , Rambal N. , Payet A. , Plantier C. , Boeuf F. , Haond M. , Claverie A. , Vinet M.
Published: August 2016

Strain boosters are an effective way to improve performances in advanced CMOS FDSOI devices. Hole mobility is higher in pFETs with compressive channels. Meanwhile, electron mobility is higher for nFETs with tensile channels. We present an alternative technique to blanket sSOI substrates. The efficiency of the “Strained Silicon by Top Recrystallization of Amorphized SiGe on SOI” technique has been previously successfully demonstrated on blanket SOI (+ 1.6 GPa tensile strain achieved). Here we demonstrate a simple and efficient STRASS module integration in an advanced FDSOI route (14 nm design rules) which allows to cointegrate tensile Si for nFETs and unchanged pFETs.

After pFETs have been protected (SiN), the STRASS technique has been used in the SOI nFET patterns. This process requires SiGe selective epitaxy, buried amorphization by ion implantation, recrystallization and SiGe removal. Raman spectroscopy is used to characterize the stress in Si areas with respect to process conditions (implantation, active area dimensions). Moreover, the mechanisms of SiGe relaxation will be discussed as function of device dimensions and SiGe layer properties (thickness, Ge content). We demonstrate the successful integration of localized STRASS module: tensile Si patterns (for nFETs) with a level of stress of + 1.6 GPa, cointegrated with unmodified pFETs. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aging Reduces an ERRalpha-Directed Mitochondrial Glutaminase Expression Suppressing Glutamine Anaplerosis and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Tongling , Liu Renzhong , Fu Xuekun , Yao Dongsheng , Yang Meng , Liu Qingli , Lu William W. , Wu Chuanyue , Guan Min
Published: August 2016

Aging deteriorates osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), contributing to imbalanced bone remodeling and osteoporosis. Glutaminase (Gls) catabolizes glutamine into glutamate at the first step of mitochondrial glutamine (Gln)-dependent anaplerosis which is essential for MSCs upon osteogenic differentiation. Estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) regulates genes required for mitochondrial function. Here, we found that ERRα and Gls are upregulated by osteogenic induction in human MSCs (hMSCs). In contrast, osteogenic differentiation capacity and glutamine consumption of MSCs, as well as ERRα, Gls and osteogenic marker genes are significantly reduced with age. We demonstrated that ERRα binds to response elements on Gls promoter and affects glutamine anaplerosis through transcriptional induction of Gls. Conversely, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, ERRα inverse agonist compound 29 or Gls inhibitor BPTES leads to reduced Gln anaplerosis and deteriorated osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Importantly, overexpression of ERRα or Gls restored impairment by these inhibitors. Finally, we proved that compensated ERRα or Gls expression indeed potentiated Gln anaplerosis and osteogenic capability of elderly mice MSCs in vitro. Together, we establish that Gls is a novel ERRα target gene and ERRα/Gls signaling pathway plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, providing new sights into novel regenerative therapeutics development. Our findings suggest that restoring age-related mitochondrial Gln-dependent anaplerosis may be beneficial for degenerative bone disorders such as osteoporosis.
Mild Palladium Catalyzed ortho C‐H Bond Functionalizations of Aniline Derivatives
Authors: Tischler Ms. Orsolya , Tóth Mr. Balázs , Novák Zoltán
Published: August 2016

This account collects the developments and transformations which avoid the utilization of harsh reaction conditions in the field of palladium catalyzed, ortho‐directed C−H activation of aniline derivatives from the first attempts to up‐to‐date results, including the results of our research laboratory. The discussed functionalizations performed under mild conditions include acylation, olefination, arylation, alkylation, alkoxylation reactions. Beside the optimization studies and the synthetic applications mechanistic investigations are also presented.