bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Soil Amendments on Coastal Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and the Growth of Plants
Authors: Huang Zhan Bin , Sun Zai Jin , Lu Zhao Hua
Published: March 2013

Soil salinization is one of the major land degradation types and has greatly influenced sustainable agricultural development. Interest is growing in the use of soil amendments to reclaim saline and sodic soils. According to the practical soil conditions in the Yellow River Delta and the special characteristics of the coastal saline soil, in order to find the effects of combined applications of desulfurization gypsum, humic acid and polyacrylamide on saline-alkali soil, pot experiment was conducted to analyze the chemical properties and plant yields. L8(27) design was selected to engage in orthogonal experiment with first class interaction of three factors at two levels. The results demonstrated that applying soil amendments significantly increase the total salt content, decreased the soil pH and SAR. The effect on treatment 8(30g/kg desulfurization gypsum , 2g/ kg of humic acid , 0.025g/kg PAM) was the most significant, cotton soil pH and SAR decreased to 7.63 and 7.22, corn soil pH and SAR decreased to 7.57 and 7.34. The effects of soil amendments on crop growth showed that the treatment 7, combination of soil amendments (30g/kg desulfurization gypsum ,2g/ kg of humic acid , 0.01g/kg PAM) could promote the growth of cotton most significantly. Compared with the control, plant height, leaf area fresh weight and dry weight increased 33.4%,41.7%,82.2% and 237.8% respectively. The combination 8 of soil amendments (30g/kg FGD gypsum, 2g/ kg of humic acid ,0.025g/kg PAM) could promote the growth of corn most significantly. Compared with the control, plant height, leaf area fresh weight and dry weight increased 20.7%, 35.9%, 49.9%和47.9% respectively. There was no significant interaction between the three soil amendments.
Volatile Analysis of Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) by TCT-GC/MS
Authors: Zheng Hua , Zhang Hong , Xu Long Feng , Zhang Wen Wen , Gan Jin
Published: March 2013

Volatiles of maca in vitro could be captured by way of dynamic head-space adsorption. Both maca root and leaf volatile compounds were different from essential oil or other extracts. In the root volatiles, isothiocyanates were in the highest content (27.26%), especially 4-ethylphenyl isothiocyanate over 20%. Together with chloro-compounds (near 20%) and tetrahydro-3-methylfuran (14%), the three types of chemicals were probably important factors of maca’s special odor like other vegetables of Brassicaceae. And in the leaf volatiles, the highest contents (about 30%) were found in acid and anhydride. Compared to maca essential oil, ester (<5%) and terpene (<1%) in the volatiles both from root and leaf were not the same compounds.
DNA Fingerprint and Determination of Functional Components for Rice with Diabetes Prevention
Authors: Zeng Ya Wen , Zeng Ying , Pu Zheng Gu , Wang Yu Chen , Du Juan , Pu Xiao Ying , Yang Shu Ming , Yang Tao , Yang Xiao Meng
Published: March 2013

31 Functional components of polished and brown rice and 50 SSR markers fingerprint for boro groups collected from 41 farmers from two village in Xinping county were investigated. The results as follows: We have bred first from rice landrace that Gongmi No. 3 with the highest resistant starch in the world, its resistant starch content of uncooked and cooked of polished rice are 8.0%~8.5% and 10%~13% respectively; meanwhile constructed the DNA fingerprinting of Xinpingzaoxian and Gongmi No.3 with high resistant starch based on 50 SSR markers. The cooked Xinpingzaoxian were steaming again and air-dried,then the resistant starch content were up to 12.2%; At present, Gongmi No.3 is the most ideal rice products to prevent chronic diseases in the World, especially for diabetes. The total amino acids, 4 amino acids and sulfur elements of brown and polished rice for Xinpingzaoxian with high resistant starch, which relatively distribute evenly in scytoblastema and endosperm, but 5 amino acids are unevenly distributed. Iron and zinc content of polished rice is 5.55% and 21.21% of brown rice, respectively.
Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Capsaicin from Chili Pepper Powder
Authors: Du Hai Yan , Shen Zhi Jian , Li Yang
Published: March 2013

The extraction of capsaicin from chili pepper powder by microwave-assisted technique has been investigated in a microwave chemical synthesis instrument. Orthogonal test was conducted on the basis of single-factor experiment. The parameters used for the optimization were solid-liquid ratio, extraction time and extraction temperature. The capsaicin was quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometric determination. The influence of three factors on the extraction yield of capsaicin from chilli by microwave method decreases in the order: temperature> solid-liquid ratio>time. The optimum extraction conditions are at 120°C and solid-liquid ratio of 25mg/mL for 90-min. Under this condition，the extraction yield of capsaicin is 3.85%.
Effects of Rolling Temperature on Through-Thickness Deformation and Recrystallization Textures in Heavily Rolled Silicon Steel
Authors: Yang Huan Ping , Zhang Fang , Sha Yu Hui , Zhu Xu , Zuo Liang
Published: March 2013

The silicon steel was rolled to 95% reduction at 20°C, 400°C and 600°C, and subsequently annealed at different temperatures to obtain complete recrystallization microstructure without appreciable grain growth. The effects of rolling temperature on through-thickness deformation and recrystallization textures were investigated by ODF analysis. The deformation textures are all composed of α- and γ-fiber, whereas α-fiber and {111}﹤110﹥ decrease and {111}﹤112﹥ increases with the increasing rolling temperature. Through-thickness recrystallization texture varied significantly, a strong partial γ-fiber spreading from {111}﹤112﹥ or {554}﹤225﹥ to {111}﹤134﹥ and {114}﹤481﹥ are developed in steel sheet rolled at 20°C and 400°C, while a dominated η-fiber peaked at {310}﹤001﹥ is formed between surface and quarter thickness in steel sheet rolled at 600°C. The different recrystallization textures can be ascribed to the profuse shear band at 600°C compared with the microstructures at 20°C and 400°C.
Effects of Extrusion Methods and Powder Carriers on Powder Forming and Precursor Foaming Behavior in the Preparation Process of Aluminum Foam
Authors: Guo Zhi Qiang , Li Xiang , Yuan Xiao Guang , Huang Hong Jun
Published: March 2013

Aluminum foam is a new type of material that can be used in many fields. Compaction conditions are the most important parameters that have influence on foam preparation process. So in this paper, detailed researches about extrusion methods and powder carriers are conducted. The results show that: compare with direct extrusion, pre-pressing can effectively eliminate the influences of hydrogen, obtain high density precursors. However, when the flank of the precursor is wrapped with copper, H2 can escape from the combination parts of Al and Cu, in early foaming stage. The minimum density is only 0.75g/cm3, pore structures are almost round and nearly no plateau borders exist, so the quality of aluminum foam is still poor. When there is no copper wrapped, an oxide layer can be formed in the whole body of the precursor and limit the escaping of H2. The minimum density can reach 0.45g/cm3, pore structures are polygonal with thin cell walls about 0.08mm. Thus high quality aluminum foams can be obtained by using pre-pressing and then extruding method and precursor sheet powder carrier.
High-Cycle Fatigue Fracture Behavior of Microalloyed Bainitic Steels for Hot Forging
Authors: Hu Fang Zhong , Hui Wei Jun , Yong Qi Long
Published: March 2013

High-cycle fatigue fracture behavior of microalloyed bainitic steels with three different carbon and vanadium contents were studied using rotating-bending fatigue test and compared with the ferrite-pearlite type microalloyed steel F38MnVS. The results indicated that the fatigue properties of the microaIloyed bainitic steels had a significant relation to the microstructures in forging condition. Compared with the ferrite-pearlite type microalloyed steel F38MnVS, the bainitic steels possessed higher fatigue strength and lower fatigue limit ratio σ-1/Rm. It was found that the bainitic transformation temperature was decreased and the hardness of the bainitic ferrite was enhanced, at the same time, the fatigue strength was increased, however, the fatigue limit ratio was lower. Furthermore, according to the SEM images of the fracture surface of fatigue specimens, it was revealed that the fatigue cracks mainly initiated along the bainitic ferrite laths in the specimen surface and preferred to propagate along the length direction of laths.
Preparation of ITO Target by Molecular Dynamics Simulation with Normal Pressure Sintering Method
Authors: Peng Ping , Chen Jing Chao , Ruan Jing
Published: March 2013

The volume change of ITO target sintering at different temperature of 1673K,1773K,1793K,1823K,1853K and 1873K were investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulation. The experimental results revealed that the rate of reduction in bulk was very fast in prior period of ITO green sintering process, and it was slow in later period. The atomic model of ITO green got the smallest value of 890.918nm3 at the 1853K, and the ITO green can receive the highest densification at this temperature. The simulation results can provide theoretical direction for ITO target normal pressure sintering method.
Determination of the Content of Ultra-Low Sulphur in PM Superalloy FGH96 by Infrared Carbon-Sulphur Detector
Authors: Wei Jian Huan , Cao Wei , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2013

PM Superalloy FGH96 is usually used as turbine disc materials. It is a kind of alloy with high purity, which has strict demands of the content of impurity elements, especially the element of sulphur. Because sulphur is accumulated in the grain boundary of manganese or iron, with the form of sulfide, it has great impact on the performance of PM Superalloy FGH96, such as toughness and fatigue property. Therefore, it is an important part of quantity control to detect accurately of the content of ultra-low sulphur in PM Superalloy FGH96. As the market demand of PM Superalloy FGH96 and quality becomes varied, it is a trend that PM Superalloy FGH96 has ultra-low content of sulphur (S: 0.0001%-0.0020%). Hence, the related analysis techniques are needed. A new method of analyzing Ultra-low Sulphur (S: 0.0001%-0.0020%) in PM Superalloy FGH96 is established in the article by selective experiments with relevant test conditions, such as combustion conditions and blank test, using infrared carbon-sulphur detector.
Effects of Compound Additives on Properties of Cermet Inert Anodes
Authors: Wei Fu Xiang , Yu Gen Xi , Wang Zhi Ling
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a combination of a two-step sintering and a particle size gradation technique was used to prepare cermet samples. The effects of compound additives with various combination of SnO2 and BaO on the performance of cermet were investigated. The results showed that, the performance of cermet could be improved by doping compound additives. The density of cermet sample reached to 5.61g•cm-3, and the porosity fell to 2.01%. Furthermore, we did observe a significant enhancement in its conductivity. The sample with 1% BaO additive has the highest conductivity at 8.02S/cm at 960°C, is increased by about 36% compared with the BaO undoped cermets.
Fabrication of Continuous Nickel-Coated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Using Low Gas Pressure Infiltration Method
Authors: Wang Zhen Jun , Xu Zhi Feng , Yu Huan , Yan Qing Song , Xiong Bo Wen
Published: March 2013

Based on the principle of vacuum counter-pressure casting, a low gas pressure infiltration technology was developed to fabricate the Ni-coated carbon fiber reinforced A357 alloy composites. The soundness and microstructure of the as-cast composites were investigated. The results show the relative density increases with the increase of melt temperature, while it firstly increases and then declines as the fiber temperature and infiltration pressure increased. The enhancement of melt and fiber temperature can eliminate the incomplete infiltration defects and improve the uniformity of fiber distribution. The insufficient infiltration pressure leads to some micro-pores in the matrix alloy. However, the over high fiber temperature and infiltration pressure may result in the separation of nickel coating and the fiber aggregation respectively, both of which are responsible for the partial un-infiltrated or insufficient filling defects. The appropriate infiltration parameters identified in this study could provide a reference for inhibition of the hazard interfacial reactions by optimizing the low gas pressure infiltration process.
Preparation and Application of Inorganic Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites
Authors: Guo Xiao Qin , Wang Yong Kai , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2013

Preparation methods, advantages and disadvantages of each method of inorganic nanoparticles/polymer-based composite have been reviewed, and also their applications were also described in this paper. At the same time, inorganic nanoparticles/polymer-based composite were reviewed and analysed the existing problems, and the future development was prospected.
Preparation and Characterization of PA 6/EPT Blends
Authors: Wu Chang Cheng , Liu Xi Jun
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the maleic anhydride-grafted copolymer (EPT-g-MAH) and itaconic acid-grafted copolymer (EPT-g-ITA) were used as interfacial modifier of polyamide 6/ethylene propylene terpolymer (PA 6/EPT) blends, and the effects of their concentration on the mechanical properties and morphology of blends were investigated. It was found that the introduction of EPT-g-MAH and EPT-g-ITA improved the compatibility between PA 6 and EPT. The mechanical properties test revealed that the compatibilizer EPT-g-MAH and EPT-g-ITA improved the impact toughness of PA 6/EPT blends significantly, and the compatibilization effect of EPT-g-MAH was better than EPT-g-ITA. When EPT-g-MAH concentration was 15%, the impact strength of blends reached to 132kJ/m2 more than 20 times than PA 6. SEM showed that the high toughness of PA 6/EPT blends was the result of shear deformation of PA 6 matrix induced by dispersion phase EPT.
Preparation and Characterization of SiO2-PMMA with Different Shell Thickness Using AGET ATRP
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhou Guo Wei , Zhao Min Nan
Published: March 2013

Monodispersed SiO2-core/PMMA-shell composite nanospheres have been prepared via activator generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (AGET ATRP) mediated by an iron (III) catalyst. By simply adjusting the amount of monomer, the shell thickness of products can easily be tuned. Samples were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, 1H NMR. The results showed that the sphere structure kept unchanging after grafting. FT-IR and 1H NMR measurements show that the polymer was grafted on the silica surface successfully. TEM results for composite nanospheres suggested the core-shell-like structure of the hybrid nanoparticle.
Preparation and Water Absorbency of Superabsorbent Kaolin/PAA-AM Composite
Authors: Shen Shi Han , Zhang Yu Yu , Li Tian Bin , Zeng Qing Le
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a novel superabsorbent composite material based on acrylic acid (AA), acrylic amide (AM) and inorganic kaolin was synthesized via solution polymerization in aqueous medium with N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. The effects of water absorbency of the composite variables, such as neutralization, kaolin concentration and MBA concentration, on the water absorbency were systematically optimized. Evidence of compositing was obtained by a comparison of the Fourier transform infrared spectra of the initial reactants with that of the superabsorbent composites, and its complex structure was confirmed with scanning electron microscope. The water absorbing mechanism was also discussed. The results indicated that the superabsorbent composite material was successfully synthesized and the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: the neutralization degree was 80%, the dosage of kaolin, crosslinker and initiator were 4%, 0.11%, and 0.9% respectively and the mass ratio of AA and AM was 3∶2. The optimum absorbency of the superabsorbent composite material in distilled water could reach 815.6g/g.
Preparation and Characterization of Graft Copolymer of Acryloyloxyethyl-Trimethylammonium Chloride and Starch
Authors: Wu Xiu Li , Wang Pi Xin , Guo Ya Cui
Published: March 2013

Using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator, a series of cationic starch— acyrloxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) graft copolymers containing quaternary ammonium groups were prepared in aqueous solution. The results showed that the cationic graft copolymer of high cationic degree (DC) could be obtained in this reaction system. The maximum DC of 53.68% was achieved with ASP/starch mass percentage 1.0%, m(DAC):m(starch) = 2.5,at 50°C and reaction time 8h. Structures of the graft copolymers were characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analyze (TG-DTA).
Analysis of Alumina Red Mud Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Technology
Authors: Pang Hao , Li Xue Ping , Jin Su Jing , Wei Peng , Li Hui Ping
Published: March 2013

Alumina red mud from aluminum industry has not been utilized effectively due to its strong alkaline, and SO2 is an industrial pollutant which mainly produced by thermal power plants. For the comprehensive utilization of waste, the mineral component, chemical composition, grain size and microstructure of alumina red mud from Henan Branch of China Aluminum Co. were determined in this research. Thermodynamics analysis of FGD related desulfurization mechanism was studied as well. The self-designed glass absorption device 1700×60mm with its accessories was installed on-the-spot of Zhengzhou Xinli Electric Power Company Limited. The cyclic absorption experiments were conducted and the influential factors such as liquid-solid ratio (RL/S), empty tower gas velocity (V(SO2)), SO2 concentration (c(SO2)), and liquid-gas ratio (RL/G) were examined through the orthogonal tests. The maximum efficiency of FGD is 97.5% under the optimal conditions: RL/S is 7:1 (g/g), V(SO2)is 0.35m/s, c(SO2) is 1700mg/m3 and RL/G is 12:1 (L/m3).
Research on Flexible Resin’s Effect for Composite T-Joint
Authors: Sun Zu Li , Guo Ming En , Shi Yun Xu
Published: March 2013

T-joints are widely used in aeronautics, astronautics and ship structure. They are weak areas in composite structures. Through experiments, flexible resin’s effects on destructive strength and displacement have been researched. T-joints made by 751-059 resin combination have the best performance on displacement and static tensile destructive strength, which reached 21.2 mm and 31.6 KN. Even dynamic tensile destructive strength and stiffness are superior to the T-joints made by HLR-901resin combination, the impact strength is 2.11 times and the impact stiffness is 1.3 times. The basic failure modes of T-joints made by HLR-901 resin or its combination are cementing surface cracking and stratification. But for which made by 751-059 resin or its combination, the basic failure mode is resin snap.
Studies on Influencing Factors of Polyketone Molecular Weight by Palladium Catalyzed Alternating Copolymerization with Carbon Monoxide and Ethylene
Authors: Du Jia Yao , Chen Liang , Wei Wen , Deng Lin , Gao Ling , Wang Jing
Published: March 2013

With Pd(AcO)2DPPP as catalytic precursor of CO/C2H4 alternating copolymerization. The main factors which affect the molecular weight of polyketone were studied. The results showed that: Temperature was the most important factor in copolymerization. The polyketone molecular weight lower faster with increasing temperature, have a decrease of 53% when system temperature rise from 70°C to 80°C, and the palladium-catalyzed progenitor easy to decomposition and become deactivation. Adding pressure was in favor of the increase of copolymerization rate and molecular weight. Water content in methanol solvent was sensitive to copolymerization rate, as far as molecular weight was concerned, it made no difference. HClO4 and other strong acids in the catalytic system will help improve the molecular weight of the polyketone.
Research Progress of Synthetizing Polydichlorophazene
Authors: Li Guo Bin , Zhou Lin Tao , Zha Zuo Tong , Su Yi
Published: March 2013

Polydichlorophazene is a colloidal ivory inorganic polymer with high elastic and an important intermediate that synthetizes polyphosphazene derivatives. By means of substituting the chloridion on polydichlorophazene by nucleophilic group, new functional materials with various different performance are fromed. The paper present research progress of synthetizing polydichlor- ophazene methods which are consist of two steps: the first step is synthesis of hexachlorocyclo- triphosphazene, the second step is synthesis of polydichlorophazene.
Research of Penetration Model for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Nylon Composite Material
Authors: Zhao Hong Kai , Xiao Li Guang , Gao Jing Wu
Published: March 2013

The thermoplastic composite material with general plastics and high-performance engineering plastics as the matrix has become the hot spot of current research, because of big viscosity of thermoplastic resin melt, the focal point of research has been long concentrated on the aspect of impregnation technology, therefore, it is of particular importance to theoretically build the percolation model for fibers impregnated with thermoplastic resin. In this paper a theoretical model for fibers impregnated with thermoplastic resin melt through percolation is established, this model characterizes the influential laws of process parameters, melt viscosity and fiber structure on impregnation time. The model shows that theoretical volume fraction of fibers of the molten nylon resin composite material is hard to reach over 70%; for the nylon resin melt after viscosity reduction treatment, the time for complete impregnation is still very long, and raising temperature or increasing pressure can only improve the impregnation effect to a certain degree.
Study on Thermal Conductivity of Metal/Polymer Composites Based on Software ANSYS
Authors: Yang Fang Qin , Jin Yang Fu , Qian Xin
Published: March 2013

Heat conductive materials, which widely used in the field like electronic information, electrical engineering and aerospace, are required high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, corrosive resistance, chemical stability and so on. In this paper, metal/unsaturated polyester (UP) composite is prepared to use as heat conductive material. Capacity of composite thermal transmission is analyzed by software ANSYS and experiment. The results show that the capacity of composite thermal transmission increases with increasing metal wire diameter and metal thermal conductivity. Average error between simulation and experimental data is 6.08%.
The Effect of Addition of Multi Wall Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT) Reinforcement to the Characteristics of Carbon Composite Bipolar Plate
Authors: Sadeli Yunita , Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi , Prihandoko Bambang , Harjanto Sri
Published: March 2013

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEFMC) or also known as proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a chemical conversion device that converts hydrogen and oxygen into electrical energy, heat, and water. One of the most important components of PEMFC is bipolar plate, in which it allows for electrons to flow from the anode to the cathode. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the addition of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to increase the mechanical and electrical properties of bipolar plate carbon polymer composite. We utilized graphite waste product from electric arc smelting as reinforcementand carbon black made from coconut husk by pyrolysis process as a filler. Bipolar plates were made by compression moulding method at a pressure of 55 MPa and a temperature of 100 o C for 4 hours. Characterization in this study includes density testing, porosity testing, flexural testing, electrical conductivity testing, and observation of the flexural fracture morphology using FESEM. Based on this study, it showed that the addition of 5 %wt MWCNT yielded optimal properties of the bipolar plate (the density was 1.51 g/cm3, the value of porosity was 1.94 %, the flexural strength was 63.31 MPa, and the electrical conductivity was 2.30 S/cm). In conclusion, adding MWCNT as reinforcement in PEMC bipolar plates could reduce the density and the porosity. Thus, it could improve the electrical conductivity and flexural strength of the bipolar plate carbon polymer composites.
The Synthesis of Porous TiC-TiB2-NiAl Composites by SHS
Authors: Ma Li , Cui Hong Zhi , Cao Li Li , Teng Fang Lei , Cui Ning , Liu Lei
Published: March 2013

Porous TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites have been prepared through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) of 3Ti + B4C + x(Ni+Al) → TiC + 2TiB2+ xNiAl using Ni, Al, Ti, B4C powders as raw materials. The effects of Ni and Al content on phase constitution and pore structure of the obtained porous TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites have been investigated. XRD results show that the final composites of Ti+B4C+Ni+Al powders consist of TiC, TiB2and NiAl, while only TiC and TiB2are observed without using Ni+Al powders in the reaction system. NiAl additives play a significant role in controlling reaction behavior and constituents of the final products. TiC, TiB2and NiAl are homogenously distributed in porous TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites, and TiC shows spherical shape, TiB2exhibits hexagon or long strip shape while NiAl shows the irregular shape distributed between TiB2and TiC particles. The prepared TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites contain a large amount of pores with the aperture concentrating between 20-80μm and the porosity was about 35%, NiAl additives make the pores distributed uniformly in the matrix. The more NiAl additives, the more obvious of melting trace on the matrix skeleton, some spherical particles adhering on pore wall gradually submerge in matrix and combine with it closely. The NiAl additives increase the compressive strength of TiC-TiB2and for TiC-TiB2-NiAl composites, the fracture mode of TiB2and TiC is brittle fracture, while NiAl mainly occur transgranular fracture.
Preparation and Characterization of Expandable Graphite Decorated with Rare Earth Nanoparticles CeO2
Authors: Wang Chun Yu , Huang Yi Long , Feng Yi , Qin Chun Li , Zhang Peng
Published: March 2013

In this paper, it can be seen that the optimum mixture ratio of graphite to other contents (graphite: HNO3: H2O2: KMnO4 ) is 1.0(g):6(ml): (2.0ml):(0.2g), which obtained the best expansion volume. The graphite sheets within EG were nanoscales, rare earth nanoparticles were dispersed between holes of expandable graphite sheets. Evidently, the graphite nanosheets wrapped in the rare earth particles can be observed. It is clearly that the rare earth particles within EG were nanoscales. In addition, rare earth particles on expandable graphite were nanoscales, and the EG/CeO2 composite obtained by this process is a product with amorphous alloy structure.
Characterization of Nano TiO2 Modified Fabrics
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Zhi Min
Published: March 2013

In this paper, a research approaching on nano-TiO2 particles modified fabric functional enhancement is reported. The morphologies of the nano particles existing onSubscript text the fabric surface were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed that the particle size is less than 100nm and almost no coacervation, and then water-repellent and oil-repellent performance of the modified fabric was measured by the contact angle method, and found they had the most desired water and oil release behaviors. In addition, the modified fabric showed excellent antibacterial effects according to FZ/T73023-2006 antibacterial standard, and the antibacterial efficiency was above 95%. Meanwhile, good durability of functional fabrics also observed which could endure 20 times washing at least.
Effect of Calcinations on Characterizations of Fabricated Nano Manganese Ferrite
Authors: Sundari Rita , Hua Tang Ing , Yosfiah M. Rusli
Published: March 2013

A citric acid anionic surfactant has been applied for nano manganese ferrite (MnFeO3) fabrication using sol gel method. The calcinations have been varied for 300, 600 and 800oC. The UVDR (UV-Vis Diffused Reflectance) analysis shows a high absorptive band gap after 400 nm for the 600oC calcinated MnFeO3. The DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) profiles exhibit remarkably trapped volatile matters (H2O, CO2, and NO2) in the fabricated MnFeO3 under sol gel heat treatment at 100oC and the peaks disappeared as the calcination increased to 600oC. As the temperature elevated from 100 to 300oC, the absorption peaks of volatile components are disappeared as demonstrated clearly by the FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectra of the fabricated material, which 3393 cm-1 corresponded to OH group, 1624 cm-1 to CO group, and 1384 cm-1 to NO group. The XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) spectra show clearly the alteration process from amorphous to crystalline structure as the calcinations increased from 300 to 600oC. In addition, the TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) analysis exhibits parts of the fabricated MnFeO3 found in cubic nano size of 15-40 nm under interested calcinations and the result is in agreement with that obtained by XRD investigation.
Fast Synthesis of High-Silica ZSM-5 Zeolite via a Simple Vapor-Phase Transport Method
Authors: Meng Qing Yang , Chen Jin Yang , Cheng Xiao Wei , Long Ying Cai
Published: March 2013

Fast synthesis of high-silica ZSM-5 zeolite through vapor-phase transport (VPT) method was reported in this paper. The synthesized samples were characterized with XRD, FT-IR, XRF, SEM and N2 Absorption. Factors affecting the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite such as the alkalinity, the crystallization temperature and time, the quantity of seeds were investigated. With precipitated silica and fumed silica as silica source respectively, the appropriate ratio was studied as follows: (0.04-0.05) Na2O: 1.0SiO2: 15H2O: (0-0.0046)Al2O3: 0.01Seed, the reaction was carried out at 393-413K for 4-24h.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of 3D Flower-Like Bismuth Trisulphide Microcrystallines
Authors: Li Pin Jiang , Zhang Yan Ge , Huang Bao Jun , Yu Chen , Zhuge Ling , Yang Rui Xia
Published: March 2013

3D flower-like bismuth trisulphide microcrystallines has been successfully prepared via one step hydrothermal process and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and laser Raman spectrometer techniques. The morphologies of the Bi2S3 microcrystallines were influenced by the surfactant Na2(EDTA), which acts as a structure directing agent.
Nanostructural Characteristics and Electrical Conductivity of Copper Nanoparticles-Polypropylene Nanocomposites for Bipolar Plate Application
Authors: Katili Sari , Yuwono Akhmad Herman
Published: March 2013

The current research is aimed at obtaining suitable nanocomposites for bipolar plate application in fuel cell, which fulfill the requirement for electrical and mechanical properties and low production cost. For this purpose, copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) were embedded in polypropylene matrix through wet-chemistry technique with the presence of polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride as the coupling agent. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized with UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, TGA and electrical conductivity measurement. It was found that the addition of Cu-NPs up to 1.50 wt% has improved effect on the electrical conductivity up to 14.43 S/cm. However, further increase of Cu-NPs loading to 2.00 wt% adversely reduced the electrical conductivity down to 9.31 S/cm, as a consequence of severe agglomeration and large pores formation.
Preparation and Optical Properties of CuS Nanochains by a Solvothermal Method
Authors: Zhu Xiu Hui , Liu Jian Zhen , Ai Tian , Yu Hong Mei
Published: March 2013

CuS nanochains were prepared via a simple hydrothermal reaction at 140 °C for 12 h, employing Cu(Ac)2•H2O and Thiourea as reactants in the absence of any structure-directing agent. The size and morphology of CuS nanochains were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM); the optical properties of CuS nanochains were investigated by UV–vis absorption spectrum and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements. CuS nanochains were found to be constructed by covellite CuS with a hexagonal phase and composed of nanorods with 40-100 nm length and 25 nm Width. The UV–vis absorption of CuS was observed an increased absorption from 300nm to 650 nm and the band gap of CuS nanochains was 1.91 eV.
Preparation and Magnetic Properties of La Substituted Barium Ferrites Synthesized by the Oxide one Pot Synthesis (OOPS) Process
Authors: Sorlateap Sitthisak , Keawwattana Wirunya
Published: March 2013

Lanthanum (La) substituted barium ferrite, Ba1-xLaxFe12O19(x=0.00-0.40) has been synthesized by the oxide one pot synthesis (OOPS) process. The crystalline structure and magnetic properties have been investigated by means of XRD, SEM and VSM. The XRD pattern matched with the barium ferrite structure. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercive field (Hc) of ferrites increased by substitution of La ions on Ba sites at the content up to x=0.15 and then decrease.
Study on Crystalline Transformation in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate
Authors: Liu Gou Sheng , Chen Wen Yan , Liu Yue Long
Published: March 2013

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has six crystalline forms, different crystalline forms can transform from one form to another. In this paper, the effect of crystalline seed on crystalline transformation is investigated, results show that adding crystalline seed APP II at higher temperature is helpful to form APP II. The transformation between form II and form V at different reaction conditions are also investigated, including blowing wet ammonia to the reaction mixture. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of YVO4:Eu 3+ Nanocrystals by a Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Li Yan Hong , Zang Guo Feng , Ma Jing
Published: March 2013

YVO4:Eu3+ nanocrystals were synthesized using a sol-gel method which citric acid was used as complexing agent and ethylene glycol was used as coupler. In order to study the influence of heat treating temperature and time on structure and luminescence properties of YVO4:Eu3 nanocrystals, the dry gels were heated at 400 oC, 500 oC and 600 oC for 1 h, 600 o C for 3 h, respectively. X-ray diffraction, SEM and luminescence spectra were used to characterize the structure and luminescence properties. The results of XRD indicate that YVO4:Eu3+ nanocrystals with tetragonal zircon were obtained. The average crystallite sizes of the samples increase with the increasing heat treating temperatures. The results of excitation and emission spectra show that the broad excitation band is assigned to charge transfer band of Eu-O and V-O, the emissions peaks are from 5D0-7FJ transitions. The emission intensities increase with increasing heat treating temperature and time. The local environments of Eu3+ ions in the samples prepared at different conditions are discussed.
Synthesis of TiOF2 Ball-Flowers and the Phase Transitions to TiO2
Authors: Li Feng , Fu Zheng Ping , Lu Ya Lin
Published: March 2013

In the present work, TiOF2 ball-flowers were successfully synthesized through a simple low temperature hydrothermal route using titanium butoxide and hydrofluoric acid as precursors. The effect of synthesis temperature on the morphology of TiOF2 ball-flowers was also studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystal characteristics of TiOF2 were analyzed based on X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed that the TiOF2 ball-flowers were consist of hexagonal and cubic single crystal TiOF2 sheets. After an annealing treatment of 500°C for 2h, the single crystal TiOF2 sheets were converted to single crystal anatase TiO2 sheets exposed with {116} and {001} facets exposed respectively.
Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties of (1-x)K0.5Na0.5NbO3–xBiGaO3 Lead-Free Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Hong Mei , Qu Shao Bo , Zhao Jing Bo , Du Hong Liang
Published: March 2013

(1-X)K0.5Na0.5NbO3–xBiGaO3[(1-X)KNN-Xbg] Lead-Free Ceramics with Different Additive of Bigao3 Were Synthesized by Conventional Solid-State Sintering Technique. Dielectric, Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Properties of (1-X)KNN-Xbg Lead-Free Ceramics Were Studied. it Is Found that the Piezoelectric Properties Was Improved due to the Additive Bigao3，The Ceramics X=0.01 near Room Temperature Exhibit Excellent Electrical Properties D33=152pC/N, TC=372 °C. these Results Indicate that Bigao3 Adjusted K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Based Ceramics Materials Are Promising Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramic Candidates for Practical Applications.
Analytical Solutions for Laminated Transversely Isotropic Magnetoelectroelastic Plates
Authors: Li Xiao Chuan , Li Qing
Published: March 2013

The theory of Hamiltonian system is introduced for the problems of laminated transversely isotropic magnetoelectroelastic plates. The partial differential equations of the magnetoelectroelastic solids are derived corresponding to the Lagrange density function and Legendre’s transformation. These equations are a set of the first-order Hamiltonian equations and expressed with displacements, electric potential and magnetic potential, as well as their dual variables--lengthways stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction in the symplectic geometry space. To obtain the solutions of the equations, the schemes of separation of variables and expansion of eigenvector of Hamiltonian operator matrix in the polar direction are implemented. The homogenous solutions of the equations consist of zero eigen-solutions and nonzero eigen-solutions. All the eigen-solutions of zero eigenvalue are obtained in the symmetric deformation. These solutions give the classical Saint-Venant’s solutions because the Hamiltonian matrix is symplectic. The method is rational, analytical method and does not require any trial functions.
Leaching Behaviors of Chemical Components from Steel Slag
Authors: Li Zai Bo , Zhao San Yin , Zhao Xu Guang , Zen Mao Hua
Published: March 2013

The leaching characteristics of chemical components from converter steel slag were studied through circulating leaching experiments. Results show that the most quality of leaching is CaO, SiO2 is the second and Al2O3 is the least. Analyzing the leaching process and experimental results, it can conclude that the leaching kinetics is controlled by intra-paticle diffusion. The leaching process can be described by shrinking unreacted core model.
Effects of Annealing in Air on Structure and Properties of Al Films Prepared by Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Lv Jing
Published: March 2013

Al films were prepared on quartz substrates by thermal evaporation. The effects of annealing in air on structure and optical and electrical properties have been studied. It is found that the annealing in air will affect on structure and morphology of the films, which results in the difference in the optical and electrical properties. The as-deposited film is amorphous, the films annealed at 200 and 400oC are polycrystalline. After annealed at 600oC, the film was oxidized and changed to porous γ-Al2O3. The film annealed at 200 oC has the maximum reflectance and at 400 oC has the minimum resistivity in all samples. While for the film annealed at 600 oC, the resistivity is close to be infinite, the reflectance is the minimum at wavelength ranging from 400 to 800 nm in all the samples.
Fabrication of Microcrystalline Cellulose/CdS Nanocomposites and their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Tang Ai Min , Hu Ting Ting , Su Xia
Published: March 2013

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)/cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocomposites were prepared by using ultrasound wave irradiation. The as-prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic behavior of MCC/CdS nanocomposites was evaluated using the degradation of a methyl orange (MeO) aqueous solution under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Results showed that CdS nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of MCC with little aggregation; the amount of Cd attached to the MCC was 23.75 % (w/w, Cd/composites). The MeO degradation rate was much higher when the MCC/CdS nanocomposites were irradiated with UV light than when CdS powder alone was irradiated. In dark conditions, the MCC/CdS nanocomposites showed almost no photocatalytic activity. In addition, the amount of MCC/CdS nanocomposites added to MeO solution and the initial pH of the MeO solution were also important factors influencing the photocatalytic activity. The results show that MCC/CdS nanocomposites are promising materials with excellent performance in photocatalytic applications.
Electropolymerization and Electrochromism Properties of Poly(m-trifluoromethylaniline)
Authors: Zhang Hai Yang , Niu Hai Jun , Zhang Lin , Bai Xu Duo
Published: March 2013

Poly(m-trifluoromethylaniline) (PMTFMA) was synthesized on ITO/glass by using electrochemical method and the effect of different reaction conditions such as scan rate, the concentrations of monomer and sulfuric acid, and cycle times on the PMTFMA was studied. The resulting PMTFMA was characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The surface morphology of porous shape was recorded by scanning electronic microscope (SEM). It was found that the color of the polymer can turn from light yellow to yellow reversibly by increasing the applied voltage.
Method of Preparation Magnesium-Based Alloy Film and its Hydrogen Storage Performance
Authors: Kan Hong Min , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiao Yang
Published: March 2013

The problem of hydrogen storage is clearly connected to the necessity of development of reliable and effective methods of hydrogen compression. Efforts have been devoted to these materials to decrease their desorption temperature, enhance the kinetics and cycle life. Film for preparing hydrogen storage materials is a new method developed in recent years. The advantagesof thin film metal hydrides is obvious. For example, thin films provide large surface area, fast charging discharging rate for hydrogen. Mg films and Multilayered Mg films with rare earths, light elements and transition metals have also been studied by many researches. Preparation of Magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy film and its hydrogen storage performance are summaried in this paper.
The Side-Chain Effects on Photovoltaic Properties of Copolymers Based on Phenothiazine and Thiophene
Authors: Yoo Han Sol , Yun Dae Hee , Ko Tae Won , Park Yong Sung , Woo Je Wan
Published: March 2013

In this study, the alternating conductive polymers based on phenothiazine and bithiophene unit, poly[(N-10-dodecyl-phenothiazin-3,7-ylene)-alt-(2,2’-bithiophen-5-yl)] (P1) and poly[(N-10- dodecyl-phenothiazin-3,7-ylene)-alt-(4,4’-didodecyl-2,2’-bithiophen-5-yl)] (P2), were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of palladium catalyst. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR. The optical, electrochemical properties of synthesized polymers were investigated by UV-Vis, cyclic voltammetry (CV). The optical band gap of 2.22 eV and 2.50 eV was obtained from absorption onset of UV-Vis spectrum. Then, the two devices using blends of the polymer, as a donor, and PC71BM, as an acceptor, were fabricated by spin-coating. The device with a P1:PC71BM (1:4, w/w) as an active layer exhibited the best performance with an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.68 V, short circuit current (JSC) of 3.5 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 31.8 % and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.74 %.
A Kind of New Type Composite Structure Column of Research
Authors: Yu Bao Chu , Gai Hong Bai , Li Yun Yu
Published: March 2013

Steel tube confined concrete structure and FRP-confined concrete structure were researched and widely applied in structure engineering current years. Based on the advantage and disadvantage of the two types of structure, a new type of structure named FRP-steel composite pipe confined concrete is proposed. Moreover, the feasible and advantageous about the application of this new type in structure engineering is stated. The development prospects of this new type of structure are mentioned as well.
Size Effect on Compressive Strength and Modulus of Elasticity in High Performance Concrete
Authors: Kim Jeong Eun , Park Wan Shin , Eom Nam Yong , Kim Do Gyeum , Noh Jea Myoung
Published: March 2013

This study undertook the research of size effect on compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, respectively. The parameters of this study are curing age and fly ash replacement ratio to investigate size effect of Type A (100mm x 200mm) and Type B (150mm x 300mm) specimens in high performance concrete. On this study, high performance concrete was fabricated with different FA contents of 10%, 20% and 30%. The measurements were performed on days 28 and 91.
Microstructural Evolution of AuSn20/Ni Joint during Annealing
Authors: Wei Xiao Feng , Wang Ri Chu , Feng Yan
Published: March 2013

The AuSn20 (mass fraction) solder was prepared by laminate rolling-annealing method, the AuSn20/Ni solder joints were prepared by the reflow process. The effects of the aging times and temperatures on the microstructure and shear strength of the AuSn20/Ni joints were investigated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results show that, the AuSn20 solder is composed of lamellar ζ-Au5Sn and δ-AuSn phases after preparing and the melting point approximates to the eutectic temperature of Au-20Sn alloy. A eutectic ζ-Au5Sn+δ-AuSn microstructure forms in the solder matrix and hexagon (Ni,Au)3Sn2 intermetallics nuclear at the as-reflowed joint. Then the AuSn20/Ni joint was aged at 150 and 200 °C for various times，and the thickness of the IMC layer at 150 °C changes few with the aging time increasing from 150 h to 1000 h, however, it grows rapidly at 200 °C.
Weldability of Ti-Microalloyed Advanced High Strength Steel CP 800
Authors: Zhang Mei , Li Qing Shan , Huang Chao Bin , Wu Ru Yi , Fu Ren Yu , Li Lin , Fang Ping
Published: March 2013

Complex phase steel CP 800, a kind of advanced high strength steel (AHSS), exhibited quite high carbon equivalent (CE) which was a detrimental factor for weldability of steels. Thus the weldability of CP 800 steels containing (in wt%) 0.06C-0.45Si-1.71Mn-0.11Ti was extensively studied. Mechanical properties and impact toughness of butt joint, the welding crack susceptibility of weld and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) for tee joint, Control Thermal Severity (CTS) welded joint, and 60°Y-groove butt joint were inspected after gas shielded arc welding tests. The impact toughness was larger than 27J either at room temperature (RT) or at -20°C, indicating good impact toughness of the weld of the steel. In addition, welding crack susceptibility tests revealed that the weldments were free of surface crack and other imperfection, showed fairly good weldability. In application, the longitudinal control arm of automobile made of this steel exhibited excellent fatigue and durability performance.
The Blank Optimization of an Automotive Fender Skirt in the Process of Sheet Metal-Forming Based on one-Step Simulation Method
Authors: Zhang Yu Ping , Hong Jie Wei
Published: March 2013

This article puts forward One-step forming simulation method to solve blank outline problems in the process of sheet metal forming. The blank outline curve is got from the simulated analysis of Groupware of Fender by one-step simulation in Dynaform 3D software for sheet forming, considering the final shape of the workpiece. It simulates three programs via three different shapes of blanks. And it compares and analyze the FLD diagram and forming results ,and then it gets the optimized blank shape. This way guides the mould design, and save the time of repairing moulds on the basis of producing qualified products. It overcomes the puzzle how to choose the blanks’ size and shape.