bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terpenoids from Neolitsea Dealbata
Authors: Wu Xiujun , Vogler Bernhard , Jackes Betsy R. , Setzer William N.
Published: March 2019

A phytochemical investigation of the crude chloroform bark extract of Neolitsea dealbata from Paluma, north Queensland, Australia, revealed the two common triterpenoids, taraxerone and taraxerol, as well as three furanogermacranolide sesquiterpenoids, linderadine, linderalactone, and pseudoneolinderane. These compounds are reported for the first time from this plant. An ab initio investigation (DFT, B3LYP/6-31G* and post HF, MP2/6-31G**) of the Cope rearrangement of linderalactone has been carried out.
New ent–Kaurane type Diterpene Glycoside, Pulicaroside-B, from Pulicaria Undulata L
Authors: Rasool Nasir , Ahmad Viqar Uddin , Shahzada Naseem , Rashida Muhammad A. , Ullah Aman , Hassan Zahid , Zubaira Muhammad , Tareen Rasool Bakhsh
Published: March 2019

Investigation of the n-butanol-soluble fraction of the whole plant extract of Pulicaria undulata yielded a new ent–kaurane type diterpene glycoside, pulicaroside-B (1), together with three known compounds, paniculoside-IV (2), roseoside (3), and corchoionol C (4). Compounds 3 and 4 are derivatives of α-ionol. The structures of the new and known compounds were elucidated by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques, along with other spectral evidence, and by comparison of the spectral data with those of closely related compounds.
Triterpenoids and Alkaloids from the Roots of Peganum Nigellastrum
Authors: Ma Zhongze , Hano Yoshio , Qiu Feng , Shao Gang , Chen Yingjie , Nomura Taro
Published: March 2019

Four lupane-type triterpenoids (1–4) and seven alkaloids (5–11) were isolated from the roots of Peganum nigellastrum. On the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the structures of the compounds were elucidated as 3α-hydroxy-27- trans-caffeoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (1), 3β-hydroxy-27- trans-caffeoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (2), 3α-acetoxy-27- trans-caffeoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (3), 3β-acetoxy-27- trans-caffeoyloxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (4), luotonin C (5), luotonin D (6), harmine (7), harmol (8), harmaline (9), deoxyvasicinone (10) and vasicinone (11). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 are novel triterpenoids, and these pentacyclic triterpenoids were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the androgen-sensitive LNCaP and androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.
Saikosaponins from Bupleurum chinense and Inhibition of HBV DNA Replication Activity
Authors: Yin Feng , Pan Ruixiang , Chen Rongmin , Hu Lihong
Published: March 2019

One new saikosaponin, 3β,16α,23,28,30-pentahydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-diene 3- O-β-D-fucopyranoside (1), along with eight known compounds, saikosaponin a, b1, b2, b3, d, g, k, and l were isolated from the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectral interpretation, as well as by chemical degradation. Saikosaponin d exhibited significant bioactivity in inhibiting HBV DNA replication.
Brauhenoside A and B: Saponins from Stocksia Brauhica Benth
Authors: Ahmad Viqar Uddin , Bader Sadia , Arshad Saima , Mohammad Faryal Vali , Ahmed Amir , Iqbal Shazia , Khan Saleha Suleman , Tareen Rasool Bakhsh
Published: March 2019

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoid glycosides, brauhenoside A and B (1 and 2) were isolated from the fruits of Stocksis brauhica and their structures elucidated by extensive spectroscopic experiments.
New Alkaloid from Aspidosperma Polyneuron Roots
Authors: Santos Tatiane Alves dos , Ferreira Dalva Trevisan , Pinto Jurandir Pereira , Faccione Milton , Braz-Filho Raimundo
Published: March 2019

The roots of Aspidosperma polyneuron, family Apocynaceae, were subjected to chemical and biological investigations. From an ethanolic extract of the roots, the new alkaloid 2,7-dihydroxyquebrachamine (1) was isolated. The structure was established mainly from 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. The 1D and 2D NMR spectra were also used to assign all the 1H and 13C chemical shifts of this alkaloid. Artemia salina was used for a preliminary investigation of biological activity.
Acanthomine A, a new Pyrimidine-β-Carboline Alkaloid from the Sponge Acanthostrongylophora Ingens
Authors: Ibrahim Sabrin R. M. , Ebel RuAngelie , Ebel Rainer , Proksch Peter
Published: March 2019

Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens afford one new pyrimidine-β-carboline alkaloid named acanthomine A (2), together with two known compounds annomontine (1) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman-1-one (3). Their structures were unambiguously established on the basis of NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC and HMBC) and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp bioassay and different cancer cell lines.
3-Acetoxy-7-methoxyflavone, a Novel Flavonoid from the Anxiolytic Extract of Salvia elegans (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Marquina Silvia , García Yolanda , Alvarez Laura , Tortoriello Jaime
Published: March 2019

Oleanolic, ursolic and 3β, 23-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acids, together with the new flavonoid, 3-acetoxy-7-methoxyflavone (1), were isolated from the 60% aqueous ethanolic extract of the leaves and flowers of Salvia elegans with anxiolytic activity. The structure of 1 was established by combined spectral and chemical methods.
Phenolic Constituents of Platanus Orientalis L. Leaves
Authors: El-Alfy Taha S. , El-Gohary Hamida M.A. , Sokkar Nadia M. , Sleem Amani A. , Al-Mahdy Dalia A.
Published: March 2019

A new flavonoid glycoside, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-3′- O-β-D-xylopyranoside (axillarin-3′- O-β-D-xylopyranoside), was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extract of Platanus orientalis L. leaves, along with nine known flavonoid aglycones and glycosides, a phenolic acid and a phenolic acid derivative. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectral analysis. The total ethanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves were tested for antihepatotoxic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The extracts were found to be effective in protection against CCl4 liver injury by significantly lowering alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The extracts also significantly restored depleted levels of glutathione, indicating a strong antioxidant activity, while they showed variable cytotoxic activity.
Strepsiamide A-C, New Ceramides from the Marine Sponge Strepsichordaia Lendenfeldi
Authors: Ibrahim Sabrin R. M. , Mohamed Gamal A. , Elkhayat Ehab S. , Gouda Yaser G. , Proksch Peter
Published: March 2019

Investigation of the lipophilic extract of the Indonesian sponge Strepsichordaia lendenfeldi afforded three new ceramides, given the names strepsiamides A–C (1–3). The compounds showed cytotoxic activities against L5187Y and Hela cell lines. All structures were unambiguously established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass (EI-, APCI- and GC-MS) spectrometric data.
Role of Turmeric in Ultraviolet Induced Genotoxicity in a Bacterial System
Authors: Pal Arijit , Ghosh Mita , Pal Arun Kumar
Published: March 2019

Turmeric extracts contain more than one bioactive component, which have different properties when used to modulate ultraviolet induced genotoxicity. These differences were found depending on the nature and extent of the damage to the bacterial DNA, which indicates the existence of a natural switching process in sensing the damage.
Excited-State pKa Values of Curcumin
Authors: Zhao Qian , Kong De-Xin , Zhang Hong-Yu
Published: March 2019

Curcumin is one of the most extensively studied natural pigments. The significant phototoxicity of curcumin against a variety of bacteria and viruses has made the pigment a potential photodynamic drug. To explore whether the phototoxic mechanisms of curcumin involve light-induced acidification, the excited-state p Ka values of the pigment were determined by the Förster cycle. It was found that the excited-state p Ka values of curcumin [ i.e., 7.56 (7.72), 8.72 (8.14) and 10.17 (10.35)] are rather higher than those of counterpart phenolic photosensitizers, which implies that light-induced acidification is unlikely to be responsible for the phototoxicity of curcumin.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Some Phenolic Metabolites Isolated from the Lichenized Ascomycete Ramalina lacera
Authors: Hanuš Lumír O , Temina Marina , Dembitsky Valery M
Published: March 2019

The water-ethanol extract of the lichen Ramalina lacera has been evaluated for its chemical constituents, and for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. HPLC and TLC analysis revealed the presence of depsides, depsidones, carbohydrates, and anthracene glycosides. Six phenolic acids have been identified and tested for antibacterial and antifungal activities against ten bacterial and 13 fungal species.
Phenolic Constituents of Hypericum Flowers
Authors: Nör Carolina , Bernardi Ana Paula Machado , Haas Juliana Schulte , Schripsema Jan , Rech Sandra Beatriz , Von Poser Gilsane Lino
Published: March 2019

Species of Hypericum accumulate phenolic compounds with the phloroglucinol substitution pattern, and there are many reports of such substances isolated from the aerial parts of the plants. In this study, flowers of plants grown in south Brazil were analyzed by means of HPLC, verifying the presence of benzopyrans in H. polyanthemum and dimeric phloroglucinol derivatives in H. caprifoliatum, H. connatum, H. myrianthum and H. polyanthemum. All flowers presented flavonoids, mainly quercetin derivatives, whereas hypericin and analogues were not detected.
Seasonal Variation of Hypericin and Pseudohypericin Contents in Hypericum Scabrum L. Growing Wild in Turkey
Authors: Ayan Ali Kemal , Çırak Cüneyt , Güney Kerim
Published: March 2019

The present study was conducted to determine ontogenetic and morphogenetic variations of hypericin and pseudohypericin contents in Hypericum scabrum growing in Turkey. Plants were harvested at vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting and mature fruiting stages and observed for the presence of dark glands. Subsequently, they were dissected into stem, leaf and reproductive tissues, which were dried separately, and subsequently assayed for hypericin and pseudohypericin contents by HPLC. No hypericins were detected in stem tissues, while leaves and reproductive parts accumulated both compounds at different levels depending on growth stages. In general, higher levels of hypericin and pseudohypericin accumulation were observed in reproductive parts. Content of both hypericin forms decreased with advancing of plant development and reached their highest levels at floral budding stage.
Molluscicidal Polyphenols from Species of Fucaceae
Authors: Patel Asmita V. , Wright David C. , Romero Maricela Adrian , Blunden Gerald , Guiry Michael D.
Published: March 2019

The aqueous fractions of the dry methanol extracts (500 ppm) of sixty marine algal species were screened for molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata, which is an important host of the bilharzia-causing Schistosoma species. The majority of the extracts tested were inactive at the concentration used, but those of Fucus serratus, F. vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata, Ascophyllum nodosum, Halidrys siliquosa, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Dictyota dichotoma and Halopithys incurva all showed significant molluscicidal activity. Treatment with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) either removed or drastically reduced the activity of the extracts of F. serratus, F. vesiculosus, P. canaliculata, A. nodosum, Halidrys siliquosa and Halopithys incurva, which suggested that the active compounds in the extracts of these species were polyphenolic in nature. The active extracts of the other two seaweed species did not appear to be affected by treatment with PVPP. Dialysis of the active extracts against distilled water separated them into high and low molecular weight fractions. In the case of the two Fucus species, P. canaliculata and A. nodosum, the activity resided in the high molecular weight fraction, whereas with all the other species, the activity was found in the low molecular weight fraction. 1H NMR spectroscopic examination of the active extracts confirmed that the molluscicidal components of the extracts of the Fucus species, P. canaliculata and A. nodosum were high molecular weight polyphenols.
Anti-diabetic Activity of Triphala Fruit Extracts, Individually and in Combination, in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance
Authors: Prativadibhayankaram Venkateshan S. , Malhotra Samir , Pandhi Promila , Singh Amritpal
Published: March 2019

We have investigated the possible antidiabetic properties of fruit extracts of Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz. and T. bellirica Roxb., individually and in combination (Triphala) in a high fructose diet induced rat model of insulin resistance. In the first part of the study, normal animals were studied for hypoglycemic activity. In the second part, animals were given a high fructose diet (HFD) for 40 days, for the last 20 days of which fruit extracts were also given. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were assessed at the baseline, and at days 20 and 40. Fasting plasma insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) resistance index were also assessed at baseline, 20 and 40 days. Fasting lipid levels were measured at the end of the study. During the first part of the investigation, in which extracts were given to normal animals, T. chebula showed significant hypoglycemic activity. During the second part of the study, in which the extracts were given to HFD fed rats, T. chebula caused a significant decrease in FPG and AUC. Emblica officinalis and Triphala caused a normalization of FPG. T. bellirica caused a reduction in AUC levels, but had no effect on FPG levels. T. bellirica caused a reduction in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein levels. In conclusion, all three components of Triphala showed significant antidiabetic properties. T. bellirica, in addition, showed hypolipidemic activity.
Biotransformation of Mefenamic Acid by Cell Suspension Cultures of Solanum Mammosum
Authors: Surodjo Suzana , Salim Angela A. , Suciati  , Syahrani Achmad , Indrayanto Gunawan , Garson Mary J.
Published: March 2019

Five biotransformation products, mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosyl ester (3), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,2- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-glucopyranosyl ester (4), mefenamic acid-7- O-β-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-glucopyranose ester (5), and mefenamic acid-7- O-α-D-(β-1,6- O-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-glucopyranose ester (6) were isolated from cell suspension cultures of Solanum mammosum following administration of the therapeutic agent mefenamic acid (1). The structures of all new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their NMR and mass spectrometric data.
Leaf Oil Composition of Piper aduncum subsp. ossanum (C. CD.) Saralegui from Cuba
Authors: Abreu Orlando , Pino Jorge A.
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of Piper aduncum subsp. ossanum (C. CD.) Saralegui from Cuba was studied by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-three compounds were identified, of which the major were camphor (18.1%) and camphene (15.6%).
Volatile Constituents from the Leaves of Phyllanthus Salviaefolius H. B. K. from the Venezuelan Andes
Authors: Villarreal Silvana , Rojas Luis B. , Usubillaga Alfredo , Ramírez Irama , Solórzano Mariana
Published: March 2019

The essential oil from the leaves of Phyllanthus salviaefolius H. B. K. (Euphorbiaceae) collected in February 2007 at Mucurubá (Mérida State) was analyzed by GC/MS. The yield of oil extracted by hydrodistillation was 0.005%. Sixteen components were identified, which represent 94.6% of the oil. Phytol (21.5%), β-citronellol (17.7%), trans-geraniol (13.5%), cis-3-hexenol (12.6%) and 1-hexanol (11.3%) were the most abundant components.
Chemical Constituents of Selected Japanese and New Zealand Liverworts
Authors: Asakawa Yoshinori , Toyota Masao , Nagashima Fumihiro , Hashimoto Toshihiro
Published: March 2019

Liverworts are rich sources of biologically active substances. Recent topics relating to the chemical constituents found in several Japanese and New Zealand liverworts and their biological activity and chemosystematics are discussed.
Structure – Activity Relationships of Modified Eremophilanes and Anti-inflammatory Activity Using the TPA Mouse Edema Ear Test
Authors: Acevedo-Quiroz Noemi , Domínguez-Villegas Valeri , Garduño-Ramírez María Luisa
Published: March 2019

Structure – activity relationships (SAR) between modified eremophilanes and anti-inflammatory activity are reported. The compounds have shown antioxidant (DPPH model), hypoglycaemic, antihyperglucemic and antidiabetic effects in rats.
New 3,4-Seco Ent-Kaurenes from Croton Caracasana Flowers
Authors: Suárez Alírica I. , Chavez Katiuska , Monache Franco Delle , Vasquez Luis , Delannoy Daniela M. , Orsini Giovannina , Compagnone Reinaldo S.
Published: March 2019

Two new 3,4-seco- ent-kaurenes, caracasine (1) and caracasine acid (2), were isolated from non-polar extracts of the flowers of Croton caracasana (Euphorbiaceae), together with six known terpenes, stigmasterol (4), stigmastenone (5), 2,6-dimethylocta-3,7-diene-2, 6-diol (6), spathulenol (7), caryophyllene oxide (8), and aromadendrene (9), and the flavonoid tribuloside (10). The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic means and chemical correlations. All isolated compounds are being described for the first time for this species.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of β-Hydroxyketones
Authors: Percino Teresa Mancilla , Martínez Marisol López , León José Luis
Published: March 2019

The diastereoselective synthesis of 2,4-dibromo-3-hydroxy-1,3-diphenylbutan-1-one [4(a-a’)]; 2,4-dibromo-3-hydroxy-1,3-di [( p-chloro)phenyl]butan-1-one [5(a-a’)] and 2,4-dibromo-3-hydroxy-1,3-di[( p-phenyl)phenyl]butan-1-one [6(a-a’)] using (N→B) phenyl( N-methyliminodiacetate- O,O',N)borane and n-BuLi is reported. The mixture of these compounds was characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, HETCOR, COSY and infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Antioxidant Activity of Fruits toward Iron under Gastrointestinal Conditions
Authors: Morais Helena
Published: March 2019

The objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidant activity of fruits containing polyphenolics, namely anthocyanins, and their capacity to reduced Fe (III) to Fe (II) under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The antioxidant capacity of fruits against prooxidant iron was determined using an in vitro assay. All the fruits exhibited variable antioxidant activity to iron in comparison to the control, both in the presence and absence of digestive enzymes and bile salts. For the fruits containing anthocyanins it was possible to obtain a positive correlation between total ferrous iron and anthocyanins content. There are strong negative correlations between phenolic compounds and dialyzable ferrous iron.
New Sources of Oilseeds from Latin American Native Fruits
Authors: Masson Lilia , Camilo Conrado , Gonzalez Katherine , Caceres Andrea , Jorge Neuza , Torija Esperanza M.
Published: March 2019

Three Latin American oilseeds obtained from native fruits: nopal (tuna) ( Opuntia ficus-indica), cherimoya (chirimoya) ( Annona cherimola), and papaya, Chilean variety ( Carica pubescens or C. candamarcensis) were studied for their fatty acid composition and bioactive compounds, such as tocols and phytosterols, looking for new sources of special oilseeds for this region. The results indicated that each species represents an interesting possibility. Nopal oilseed is a good source of linoleic acid (62%), with a good balance between SFA and MUFA (1:1.3). Cherimoya oilseed presents quite a different composition, with 24% SFA, 43% MUFA and 33% PUFA. Palmitic and stearic acids (15% and 7.6%, respectively) are the main SFA. A good balance between oleic acid (42.7%) and linoleic acid (31%) was observed. Papaya oilseed is a highly MUFA oil (72% with 71% oleic acid), with a very interesting composition, according to the new nutritional and technological recommendations.

With respect to bioactive compounds, the main tocol in these three oilseeds was γ-tocopherol, with 136, 300 and 317 mg/kg for cherimoya, papaya and nopal oilseeds, respectively. According to the total tocol content, papaya oilseed presented the highest value with 384 mg/kg. The total amount and distribution of phytosterols was different, with values of 3092, 3554 and 5474 mg/kg for nopal, cherimoya and papaya oilseeds, respectively, with β-sitosterol forming 47.6%, 65.0 % and 78.7% of the total phytosterol fractions, respectively. From the results obtained, Chilean papaya oilseed can be considered as a very promising new source of special plant oil for different applications, followed by cherimoya and nopal oilseeds.
Experimental Design to Determine the Factors Affecting the Preparation of Extracts for Antibacterial Use
Authors: Pérez-López Alejandro , Orozco-Hayek Marcela , Rivas-Galindo Verónica , De Torres Noemí Waksman
Published: March 2019

The selection of an activity test to screen plants for antimicrobial agents is in itself a problem. However, the preparation of those extracts is a very important step and full attention has not yet been given to this issue. This study was performed in two parts. In the first, different solvents were tested to select the best extractant for three plants used in Mexico to treat infections: Leucophyllum frutescens, Cordia boissieri, and Cyperus alternifolius. In the second part, an experimental design was developed for the most active extract assayed in the first part of the study, using factorial analysis at two levels. The variable under evaluation was the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract active against a resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, and the number of active spots identified in a bioautographic assay. The solvents used for the first phase of the study were selected from those most often cited in articles on antimicrobial screening. The best recoveries and lowest MICs were obtained with hydroalcoholic extracts. Shorter extraction times and storage times gave lower MICs; however, the volume of solvent and speed of agitation had no significant effect on MIC.
Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Baccharis Trinervis (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae) Collected in Venezuela
Authors: Rojas Janne , Velasco Judith , Morales Antonio , Rojasa Luis , Díaz Tulia , Rondón Maria , Carmona Juan
Published: March 2019

The essential oil from the leaves of Baccharis trinervis (Lam.) Pers., collected in May 2006, was analyzed by GC/MS. A yield of 0.2% oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. Forty three components were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with those in the Wiley GC-MS Library data base. The major components were germacrene D (20.4%), limonene (15.4%), δ-cadinene (5.2%), β-caryophyllene (4.8%), α-pinene (4.5%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.0%). The essential oil showed antibacterial activity against the important human pathogenic Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, with MIC values of 80 and 200 μg/mL, respectively.
Rubus - A Review of its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile
Authors: Rocabado Guillermo Omar , Bedoya Luis Miguel , Abad María José , Bermejo Paulina
Published: March 2019

Species of the genus Rubus (family Rosaceae, sub-family Rosoideae, tribe Potentilleae) are widely distributed in the warmer temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. Rubus species have been known since ancient times for their curative properties, and have been used for the treatment of various ailments, such as wounds, diarrhea, colic pain, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and as antimicrobial agents. However, their use has been based mainly on empirical findings. This contribution provides a comprehensive review of the work published on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Rubus species over the past few years, in order to obtain a better understanding of the biological significance of this large genus.
Very Long-Range Correlations (nJC,H n > 3) in HMBC Spectra
Authors: Araya-Maturana Ramiro , Pessoa-Mahana Hernán , Weiss-López Boris
Published: March 2019

The structural elucidation of natural products and complex organic molecules relies heavily on the application of proton detected heteronuclear NMR. Among these techniques, the HMBC NMR experiment remains as the most popular among the methods that sample long range coupling constants. The HMBC (C-H) experiment allows the assignment of structural fragments through correlations between protons and carbons separated by more than one bond, usually two or three (2 JC,H and 3 JC,H). It is also possible to obtain valuable information, sometimes crucial, through very long-range, or nonstandard correlations, n JC,H n>3; they can, surprisingly, appear in standard HMBC spectra, or looked for by performing several HMBC experiments with different long-range delays and using a deeper threshold in the contour plot.
Screening Study of Potential Lead Compounds for Natural Product Based Fungicides from Juniperus Lucayana
Authors: Nuñez Yarelis Ortíz , Salabarria Iraida Spengler , Collado Isidro G. , Hernández-Galán Rosario
Published: March 2019

Based on structure and detoxification data, chemical transformations of 12-hydroxywiddrol (3) isolated from the wood of Juniperus lucayana were performed leading to hemisynthetic derivatives with improved fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea, a pathogenic fungus affecting commercial crops.
Role of Prostaglandins, Nitric oxide, Sulfhydryls and Capsaicin-sensitive Neurons in Gastroprotection of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol
Authors: Sánchez-Mendoza María Elena , Arrieta Jesús , Navarrete Andrés
Published: March 2019

In this investigation the gastroprotective activity of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was evaluated. Gastric mucosal damage was induced in rats by intragastric ethanol (1 mL/rat). Rats treated orally with stigmasterol suspended in Tween 80 at 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg kg−1 showed 26.2, 39.6, 58.3 and 70.7% gastroprotection, respectively. β-Sitosterol at 10, 30,100 and 300 mg kg−1 showed 21.6, 42.5, 48.5 and 71.2% gastroprotection, correspondingly. The gastroprotection observed at 30 mg kg−1 for stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was attenuated in rats pretreated with indomethacin, (10 mg kg−1, s. c.), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 70 mg kg−1, i. p.) and capsaicin (125 mg kg−1, s. c), suggesting that the gastroprotective mechanism of these sterols involves, at least in part, the participation of prostaglandins, nitric oxide (NO) and capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons (CPSN). The gastroprotection of β-sitosterol was also attenuated by the pretreatment with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, 10 mg kg−1, s. c.) indicating that endogenous sulfrydryls may be involved in the gastrorpotection of this compound. Carbenoxolone was used as a gastroprotective model drug and showed a dose-dependent gastroprotective effect (25.7, 33.6 and 88.3% of gastroprotection, at 3, 10 and 30 mg kg−1, respectively). The partial participation of PGs, sulfhydryls and NO was observed in the gastroprotective mechanism of carbenoxolone.
Effects of Simple and Angular Chromones on Tumor Cell Respiration
Authors: Araya-Maturana Ramiro , Heredia-Moya Jorge , Donoso-Tauda Oscar , Vera Mario , Hernández Jorge Toledo , Pavani Mario , Pessoa-Mahana Hernán , Weiss-López Boris , Ferreira Jorge
Published: March 2019

A set of structurally related compounds incorporating a chromone moiety as an essential component of their structures were tested against the TA3 mouse carcinoma cell line and its multidrug-resistant variant TA3-MTX-R. A tentative structure–activity relationship was found for this family of substances, suggesting that a Michael addition at C-1 is involved in the mechanism that provokes the activities.
Acyl Sucroses from Salpichroa Origanifolia
Authors: Dutra Carmelo , Cesio María Verónica , Moyna Patrick , Heinzen Horacio
Published: March 2019

The exudate of Salpichroa origanifolia (Solanaceae) foliar glandular trichomes has been characterized chemically. It was demonstrated to be a complex mixture of hexaesters of short chain fatty acids and sucrose. Of the total exudates, 80% was 1′,6′-diacetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra(3-methyl valerianyl)-sucrose, a new natural product, which showed antifungal properties against Aspergillus niger. It is the first report of sugar esters in the genus Salpichroa.
Influence of N-Deacetylation Conditions on Chitosan Production from α-Chitin
Authors: Galed Gemma , Diaz Erika , Goycoolea Francisco M. , Heras Angeles
Published: March 2019

The physicochemical characteristics of chitosan differ with the preparation conditions. Thus, it is necessary to control the different parameters which influence the N-deacetylation reaction so as to produce chitosan with the characteristics required by its final applications. Samples of α-chitin used in this report were obtained from Snow crab ( Paralomis granulosa) and King crab ( Lithodes antarcticus). These species are not commonly used in the production of chitosan, making it important to find the proper conditions for the reactions involved. After careful study of several different N-deacetylation conditions [80°, 90°, 100°, 110°C and 30%, 50%, 60%, 70% (w/v) of sodium hydroxide solution], it was demonstrated that, in the case of these species, 110°C was the most effective temperature under heterogeneous conditions at least for the first 10 minutes of the reaction. Also, a nitrogen environment to reduce the degradation of the polymer during the reaction was more effective than other methods proposed in the literature. Finally, use of 70% (w/v) sodium hydroxide solution let us obtain soluble products in the first minutes of the reaction without causing much degradation.
Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Lippia Origanoides H.B.K. grown in Colombia
Authors: Stashenko Elena , Ruiz Carlos , Muñoz Amner , Castañeda Martha , Martínez Jairo
Published: March 2019

Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation, simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, were used to isolate secondary metabolites from two Lippia origanoides chemotypes growing wild in Colombia. Compound identification was based on chromatographic and spectroscopic criteria. The main components identified in the essential oil of one chemotype were carvacrol (44.4 – 51.8%) and p-cymene (8.8 – 10.1%). Those of the other chemotype were p-cymene (11.3 – 15.7%) and 1,8-cineole (6.8 – 10.9%). The last one constitutes a new chemotype, characterized by its low thymol and carvacrol contents and very low antioxidant activity. The radical scavenging activity of the essential oil of the first chemotype was higher than that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and similar to that of α-tocopherol.
Germacrone: Occurrence, Synthesis, Chemical Transformations and Biological Properties
Authors: Barrero Alejandro F. , Herrador M. Mar , Arteaga Pilar , Catalán Julieta V.
Published: March 2019

Germacrone (1) forms part of a great number of essential oils, in some of them comprising more than 20% of the total oil. This compound presents a wide range of biological activities (CNS depressant, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antifeedant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, antitussive, vasodilator, choleretic, hepatoprotector), which are analyzed. The chemical reactivity of germacrone, including cyclization reactions, and complete synthesis are presented.
Analysis of Major Chemical Constituents in Luan-Pao-Prescription Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Jin-qiang , Yang Min , Jiang Bao-hong , Huang Hui-lian , Chen Guang-tong , Lu Zhi-qiang , Li Xing-nuo , Bi Kai-shun , Guo De-an
Published: March 2019

Luan-Pao-Prescription is a famous Chinese herbal formula, which is commonly used for the treatment of female sterility in clinical practice in China. In the present paper, a reliable method based on liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in both positive and negative ion modes has been established for the analysis of major chemical constituents in Luan-Pao-Prescription. A total of 34 compounds were either identified or tentatively characterized. These compounds include flavonoids, anthraquinones, iridoids, xanthones and organic acids. Flavonoids were the major constituents of the formula. The results profiled the chemical composition of Luan-Pao-Prescription comprehensively for the first time.
Antibacterial Effects of Guava Tannins and Related Polyphenols on Vibrio and Aeromonas Species
Authors: Yamanaka Fumi , Hatano Tsutomu , Ito Hideyuki , Taniguchi Shoko , Takahashi Eizo , Okamoto Keinosuke
Published: March 2019

An extract obtained from a bottled tea drink of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) showed antibacterial effects on Vibrio vulnificus, V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus, and Aeromonas sobria. HPLC-diode array detector (DAD) analysis of an effective fraction obtained from the extract revealed the presence of several tannins and related polyphenols. To verify these results and to estimate the antibacterial effects of the polyphenols, we isolated the polyphenols from the leaves of P. guajava. Among the polyphenols isolated, pedunculagin, castalagin, casuarinin, and stenophyllanin A were effective against Vibrio and Aeromonas species. Studies of structurally related compounds revealed that penta- O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and alkyl gallates such as isoamyl gallate (IG) and n-octyl gallate exhibited potent antibacterial activities. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of three polyphenols (i.e., PGG, EGCG, and IG) that exhibited low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were then determined. Comparisons of the MBCs and MICs indicated that PGG was not bactericidal at the MIC, whereas EGCG and IG were. The effect of combinations of the three polyphenols with several antibiotics was also examined. The combination of IG and kanamycin (KM) effectively reduced the MIC of KM against V. vulnificus and V. mimicus; the combination of EGCG and tetracycline (TC) also reduced the MIC of TC against V. parahaemolyticus. Thus, polyphenols may be useful in the development of antibacterial agents against Vibrio bacteria.
Puguflavanones A and B; Prenylated Flavanones from Baphia Puguensis
Authors: Kapingu Modest C. , Magadula Joseph J. , Mbwambo Zakaria H. , Mulholland Dulcie A.
Published: March 2019

Two new flavanones, puguflavanone A [5,4′-dihydroxy-6-(1″,1″-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-2″’,2″'-dimethylpyrano-(5″’,6″’:7,8)flavanone] (1) and puguflavanone B [5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6-(1″,1″-dimethylprop-2-enyl)-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)flavanone] (2) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the root bark of Baphia puguensis, together with four known compounds, erythrisenegalone (3), 3-methoxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpene, alkyl trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate, and stigmasterol. Structures were established using NMR and MS techniques.
New Flavonoids from Baeckea Frutescens and their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Quang Tran Hong , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Van Minh Chau , Van Kiem Phan
Published: March 2019

From the ethyl acetate extract of the aerial parts of Baeckea frutescens, a new flavonoid, 6,8-di- C-methylkaempferol (1), and three new flavonoid glycosides, 6,8-di- C-methylkaempferol 3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), 6- C-methylquercetin 3- O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), and 6- C-methylquercetin 4′- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), along with four known flavonoids were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as ESI-MS analysis. All the new compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-pecrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay system. Compounds 3 and 4 showed potent activity with IC50 values of 12.1 ± 0.5 and 13.5 ± 0.9 (μM), respectively.
Thymol and its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Kumar Ajai , Singh Suriya P. , Chhokar Sudarshan S.
Published: March 2019

From the seeds of C arum copticum thymol (1) was isolated as the major component and ten derivatives (2–11) were prepared by reacting it with different acid chlorides in a single step. They were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against twelve bacterial strains and nine fungal strains using disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. Derivative 9 was found to be most active against both bacterial and fungal strains.
Seasonal Variation in the Leaf Essential Oil Composition of Sassafras Albidum
Authors: Kaler Kristi M. , Setzer William N.
Published: March 2019

The seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Sassafras albidum has been analyzed by GC-MS. Three individual trees were sampled four times during the course of the growing season. The leaf oils were made up of 44 components, with geranial (11%–27%) and neral (10%–18%) dominating. S. albidum showed a general trend of diminishing monoterpenoid concentrations and increasing sesquiterpenoid concentrations during the season.
Antioxidant Activities of Eleven Australian Essential Oils
Authors: Zhao Qian , Bowles Esther Joy , Zhang Hong-Yu
Published: March 2019

Essential oils are gaining increasing interest due to their multiple biological activities and great potential for therapeutic use. The antioxidant effect of essential oils is of special interest in diseases with inflammatory aspects. In this paper, the antioxidant activities of eleven essential oils extracted from Australian native plants were examined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays. In the DPPH assay, all of the essential oils showed substantial antioxidant potential, with a radical-scavenging activity ranging from 12.9% ± 0.3% to 86.9% ± 0.2% at the concentration of 1.6 × 10−2 mL/mL. In the ABTS assay, lemon-scented tea-tree oil ( Leptospermum petersonii Bailey) (80.6% ± 0.7%), Australian blue cypress oil ( Callitris intratropica R. T. Baker & H. G. Smith) (78.6% ± 1.3%), lemon-scented eucalyptus oil ( Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) (56.7% ± 0.9%) and lemon-scented ironbark oil ( Eucalyptus staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey) (58.9% ± 0.8%) exhibited relatively high radical-scavenging activities at the concentration of 1.6 × 10−2 mL/mL. Taken together, in both DPPH and ABTS assays, lemon-scented tea-tree oil (with IC50 of 1.5 × 10−3 mL/mL and 1.5 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively), Australian blue cypress oil (with IC50 of 9.5 × 10−3 mL/mL and 3.0 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively), lemon-scented eucalyptus oil (with IC50 of 4.8 × 10−3 mL/mL and 8.9 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively) and lemon-scented ironbark oil (with IC50 of 6.4 × 10−3 mL/mL and 7.0 × 10−3 mL/mL, respectively) showed the highest antioxidant potential of the essential oils tested. By comparison, the antioxidant capacity of vitamin E had IC50 values of 5.3 × 10−5 mL/mL and 4.3 × 10−6 mL/mL in the DPPH and ABTS tests respectively.
5α, 8α-Epidioxysterol from the marine sponge Biemna Triraphis Topsent
Authors: Bensemhouna Julia , Bombardaa Isabelle , Aknin Maurice , Vacelet Jean , Gaydou Emile M.
Published: March 2019

5α, 8α-Epidioxy-24( S)-ethylcholest-6-en-3β-ol (1) was isolated from the marine sponge Biemna triraphis Topsent collected at Andavadoaka, near Toliary (west coast of Madagascar-Indian Ocean). The structure was elucidated from NMR spectroscopic data. This is the first report of this compound in a marine sponge belonging to the Biemna genus.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Guaiane Acid Derivatives from Achillea Coarctata
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. , Abdel-Lateff Ahmed , Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , Turky Fatma , Hirata Toshifumi , Paré Paul W. , Karchesy Joe , Kamel Mohamed S. , Ahmed Ahmed A.
Published: March 2019

Chromatographic investigation of the methylene chloride/methanol extract of aerial parts of Achillea coarctata afforded two new guaiane acid derivatives, 1α,6α,8α-trihydroxy-5α,7βH-guaia-3,10(14),11(13)-trien-12-oic acid (1) and 1α,6α,8α-trihydroxy-5α,7βH-guaia-3,9,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid (2), in addition to three known compounds, ligustolide-A (3), arteludovicinolide-A (4) and austricin (5). Structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including: 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY NMR spectroscopy, as well as MS analysis. Proliferation of beneficial macrophages was significantly enhanced by treatment with 1 and 2. Additionally, treatment with compounds 2 and 4 led to a potentially significant inhibition in nitric oxide generation from raw murine macrophage 264.7, which was stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Compounds 2 and 4 exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, based on a nitric oxide assay.
Chemical Constituents of Ximenia Americana
Authors: De Araújo Mônica Regina Silva , Da Costa Assunção João Carlos , Dantas Ivana Nogueira Fernandes , Costa-Lotufo Letícia Veras , Monte Francisco José Queiroz
Published: March 2019

Two steroids (1 and 2), five pentacyclic triperpenoids (3–7) and a new furanosesquiterpene (8) were isolated from the stems of Ximenia americana, family Olacaceae. The structures of the compounds were established by spectral data; two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy has been used to assign all 1H and 13C chemical shifts of 8. Compound 8 did not inhibit the growth of HL-60 (human leukemia), HTC-8 (human colon), and MDA-MB-435 (human breast cancer) cell lines.
A new 14,15-dinor-labdane Glucoside from Crassocephalum Mannii
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed-Elamir F. , Aly Ashraf A. , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Pierre Djemgou C. , Tane Pierre , Ahmed Mehawed M.
Published: March 2019

A new 14,15-dinor-labdane glucoside, named crassoside A (1), was isolated from the aerial parts of Crassocephalum mannii. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC and NOEs). Compound 1 demonstrated a low inhibitory effect against COX-1, but was inactive against COX-2.
Platelet Antiaggregating Activity and Chemical Constituents of Salvia x Jamensis J. Compton
Authors: Bisio Angela , Romussi Giovanni , Russo Eleonora , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Mascolo Nicola , Alfieri Alessio , Bonito Maria Carmela , Cicala Carla
Published: March 2019

A phytochemical study has been carried out on the surface exudate of Salvia x jamensis, which showed a significant platelet antiaggregating activity. The known compounds isopimaric acid (2), 14-α-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (3), 3β-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (4), 7,8β-dihydrosalviacoccin (5), betulinic acid (6), and ursolic acid (7) were isolated together with the new diterpene 1. The structure of 1 was determined as 15,16-epoxy-cleroda-3-en-7α,10β-dihydroxy-12,17;19,18-diolide on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. Among all tested compounds, 2 showed a significant concentration-dependent antiaggregating activity when ADP (3 μM) was used as agonist on rat platelets. Conversely, 1 increased ADP–induced platelet aggregation.
New Antiinflammatory Cycloart-23-ene-3β-ol from Senefelderopsis Chibiriquetensis
Authors: Canelón Dilsia J. , Suárez Alírica I. , De Sanctis Juan , Mijares Michael , Compagnone Reinaldo S.
Published: March 2019

1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to obtain the complete characterization of cycloart-23-ene-3β-ol (1), isolated from one of the two species of Senefelderopsis belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. This is the first report, including the NMR data, of this anti-inflammatory steroid isolated from a plant source.
New Cycloartane Glycosides from Camptosorus Sibiricus Rupr
Authors: Zhang Peng , Cheng Yiyu , Ma Zhongjun
Published: March 2019

Two new cycloartane glycosides were isolated from the whole herbs of Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr.. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods (IR, 1D- and 2D- NMR, HRMS, ESI-MS), the structures were established as (24 R)-3β,7β,24,25,30-pentahydroxycycloartane 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-24- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-30- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), and (24 R)-3β,7β,24,25,30-pentahydroxycycloartane 3- O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-24- O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). The two new compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity in vitro against human tumor cell lines (A375-S2, Hela) using the MTT method, but both compounds were inactive.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of the Flowering Aerial Parts of Craniotome Furcata
Authors: Joshi Rajesh K. , Pande Chitra
Published: March 2019

The composition of the steam volatile constituents of the flowering aerial parts of Craniotome furcata (Link.) O. Kuntze was determined by GC, GC/MS and NMR. The oil was constituted mainly of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (68%). The main constituents were germacrene D (49.2%), germacrene D-4-ol (8.8%), epi-α-cadinol (5.9%) and 10- epi-γ-eudesmol (4.2%). Germacrene-derivative constituents represented 61.5% of the total oil.
GC/MS Analysis of the Essential Oil from the Oleoresin of Pistacia Atlantica Desf. subsp. Atlantica from Algeria
Authors: Benhassaini Hachemi , Bendeddouche Fatima Z. , Mehdadi Zoheir , Romane Abderrahmane
Published: March 2019

The oleoresin of Pistacia atlantica Desf. ssp. atlantica, growing wild in different arid and semi-arid regions of Algeria, is a popular naturally-occurring chewing gum and has been used traditionally in the treatment of peptic ulcer.

GC/MS analysis of the essential oil obtained from solvent distillation of the fresh oleoresin has led to the identification of many terpenoids: α-pinene (39.4%), β-pinene (12.9%), carvacrol (11.8%), pinocarvone (5.5%), limonene (5.1%), germacrene-D (2.4%), trans-pinocarveol (2.1%), camphenol (2%), borneol (2%), α-terpene (1.8%), p-cymene (1.7%), terpinolene (1.4%), terpinene-4-ol (1.4%), isopinocarveol (1.1%) and verbenene (1.0%). Other minor constituents were also identified.
Antibacterial Activity and Composition of the Essential Oil of Peperomia Galioides HBK (Piperaceae) from Peru
Authors: De Feo Vincenzo , Belaunde Alberto Juarez , Sandoval Joe Guerrero , Senatore Felice , Formisano Carmen
Published: March 2019

The essential oil from aerial parts of Peperomia galioides, a plant used in traditional Peruvian medicine, was obtained in a 0.25% yield by hydrodistillation. Globulol (22.2%), caryophyllene (10.2%) and limonene (9.8%) were found to be the major components. The oil was assayed for its in vitro activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacterial strains, the results showed a moderate antibacterial activity and confirming the traditional uses of Peperomia sp.
Chemical Composition and in Vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Calycolpus Moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret from Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Díaz Teresa , Mora Flor D. , Velasco Judith , Díaz Tulia , Rojas Luis B. , Usubillaga Alfredo , Juan Carmona A
Published: March 2019

The chemical constituents of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret, syn Psidium caudatum Mc Vaught, collected in November 2006 in Mérida State, Venezuela, were identified by GC-MS analysis. Thirty components (91.1% of the sample) were identified, of which the seven major ones were β-caryophyllene (21.9%), α-pinene (10.9%), viridiflorol (9.7%), β-selinene (6.1%), α-copaene (6.3%), α-selinene (5.3%) and γ-eudesmol (5.1%). The oil was found to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (6538) and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC (29212), with MIC values of 60 μg/mL and 180 μg/mL, respectively.
Sesquiterpenes of Lactarius and Russula (Mushrooms): An Update[1]
Authors: Clericuzio Marco , Gilardoni Gianluca , Malagòn Omar , Vidari Giovanni , Finzi Paola Vita
Published: March 2019

In this review the biogenesis, structures, and bioactivities of all sesquiterpenoids isolated from Russula and Lactarius species in the last decade are critically discussed, and divided into sections according to their skeletons. A brief chemotaxonomic overview of the family Russulaceae is reported in the final part of the review.