bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ein Beitrag zur Parameteridentifikation in örtlich verteilten Systemen / Contribution to Parameter Identification in Spatially Distributed Systems
Authors: Knüppel Torsten , Woittennek Frank
Published: September 2013

Im Beitrag wird eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Parameter in linearen verteiltparametrischen Systemen vorgestellt. Der Ansatz basiert auf der Herleitung eines linearen Systems von Faltungsgleichungen aus der gegebenen Randwertaufgabe und der anschließenden Elimination nicht gemessener Systemgrößen aus diesem Gleichungssystem. Dies führt, im allgemeinen auch für parameterlineare Randwertaufgaben, auf bezüglich der Parameter nichtlineare Zusammenhänge. Diese endlichdimensionalen nichtlinearen Gleichungen werden mit geeigneten numerischen Verfahren gelöst. Der Nutzen der Methode wird anhand von Simulationsbeispielen und experimentellen Daten illustriert
The Characteristic Trajectory of a Fixing Allele: A Consequence of Fictitious Selection That Arises from Conditioning
Authors: Zhao Lei , Lascoux Martin , Overall Andrew D J , Waxman David
Published: September 2013

This work is concerned with the historical progression, to fixation, of an allele in a finite population. This progression is characterized by the average frequency trajectory of alleles that achieve fixation before a given time, T. Under a diffusion analysis, the average trajectory, conditional on fixation by time T, is shown to be equivalent to the average trajectory in an unconditioned problem involving additional selection. We call this additional selection “fictitious selection”; it plays the role of a selective force in the unconditioned problem but does not exist in reality. It is a consequence of conditioning on fixation. The fictitious selection is frequency dependent and can be very large compared with any real selection that is acting. We derive an approximation for the characteristic trajectory of a fixing allele, when subject to real additive selection, from an unconditioned problem, where the total selection is a combination of real and fictitious selection. Trying to reproduce the characteristic trajectory from the action of additive selection, in an infinite population, can lead to estimates of the strength of the selection that deviate from the real selection by >1000% or have the opposite sign. Strong evolutionary forces may be invoked in problems where conditioning has been carried out, but these forces may largely be an outcome of the conditioning and hence may not have a real existence. The work presented here clarifies these issues and provides two useful tools for future analyses: the characteristic trajectory of a fixing allele and the force that primarily drives this, namely fictitious selection. These should prove useful in a number of areas of interest including coalescence with selection, experimental evolution, time series analyses of ancient DNA, game theory in finite populations, and the historical dynamics of selected alleles in wild populations.
Highly Improved Gene Targeting by Germline-Specific Cas9 Expression in Drosophila
Authors: Kondo Shu , Ueda Ryu
Published: September 2013

We report a simple yet extremely efficient platform for systematic gene targeting by the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 in Drosophila. The system comprises two transgenic strains: one expressing Cas9 protein from the germline-specific nanos promoter and the other ubiquitously expressing a custom guide RNA (gRNA) that targets a unique site in the genome. The two strains are crossed to form an active Cas9–gRNA complex specifically in germ cells, which cleaves and mutates the target site. We demonstrate rapid generation of mutants in seven neuropeptide and two microRNA genes in which no mutants have been described. Founder animals stably expressing Cas9–gRNA transmitted germline mutations to an average of 60% of their progeny, a dramatic improvement in efficiency over the previous methods based on transient Cas9 expression. Simultaneous cleavage of two sites by co-expression of two gRNAs efficiently induced internal deletion with frequencies of 4.3–23%. Our method is readily scalable to high-throughput gene targeting, thereby accelerating comprehensive functional annotation of the Drosophila genome.
Characterization of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. gene bank accessions for the development of synthetic amphiploid wheat lines
Authors: Mikó P. , Megyeri M. , Molnár-Láng M. , Kovács G.
Published: September 2013

In recent years 56 accessions of Triticum timopheevii Zhuk. (2n=4x=28, AtAtGG) were characterized for the main phenotypic and resistance characters. Among these accessions 38 originated from the base species together with subspecies and varietas forms thereof, and 18 belong to the subspecies armeniacum group. After the evaluation of field assessment data gathered over 12 years, the most promising 11 accessions were selected for a crossability trial with cultivated einkorn. As a result of this trial, the accession with the highest seed set (Acc. No.: MVGB845) was chosen for the development of a new synthetic amphiploid using the same semi-dwarf line of diploid cultivated einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum 1T-1, 2n=2x=14, AmAm) as in the crossability trial. This einkorn line was bred in Martonvásár, and has both outstanding resistance and other promising phenotypic and agronomic characters.After crossing the accession MVGB845 with 1T-1, the triploid hybrids were treated with colchicine to obtain fertile progenies with a doubled genome. The newly developed synthetic hexaploid wheat breeding stock (named Triticum timococcum Kost., 2n=6x=42, AtAtGGAmAm) could ease the introgression of valuable resistance genes into bread wheat at the hexaploid level (bridge-crossing).The aim of the present research was to redevelop Triticum timococcum based on a detailed characterization of gene bank accessions, and to introduce this new material into wheat breeding.
Role of salicylic acid in acclimation to low temperature
Authors: Pál M. , Gondor O. , Janda T.
Published: September 2013

Low temperature is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth throughout the world. Exposure to low temperature may cause various phenotypic and physiological symptoms, and may result in oxidative stress, leading to loss of membrane integrity and to the impairment of photosynthesis and general metabolic processes. Salicylic acid (SA), a phenolic compound produced by a wide range of plant species, may participate in many physiological and metabolic reactions in plants. It has been shown that exogenous SA may provide protection against low temperature injury in various plant species, while various stress factors may also modify the synthesis and metabolism of SA. In the present review, recent results on the effects of SA and related compounds in processes leading to acclimation to low temperatures will be discussed.
Isolamento e caracterização de células mesenquimais do tecido adiposo de cães
Authors: Patricio L.F.L. , Rebelatto C.L.K. , Brofman P.R.S. , Maciel B.B. , Beltrame O.C. , Brito H.F.V. , Locatelli-Dittrich R.
Published: September 2013

As células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs) diferenciam-se em várias linhagens e têm potencial de utilização na medicina regenerativa. As CTMs podem ser isoladas de vários tecidos de animais adultos. O objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento das CTMs do tecido adiposo de cães, seu cultivo e diferenciação. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido adiposo subcutâneo de cinco cães. As CTMs foram isoladas, obtendo-se 146.803 (±49.533) células/g, cultivadas e diferenciadas em osteoblastos, adipócitos e condrócitos. Avaliaram-se a cinética do crescimento, a morfologia e a viabilidade celular. A caracterização citoquímica comprovou a natureza mesenquimal das células isoladas. O cultivo foi iniciado com 20.000 células/mL, verificando-se crescimento rápido até 72 horas (220.000 células/mL), fase exponencial entre 72 e 192 horas (455.000 células/mL), seguida de platô por saturação da densidade com 240 horas (355.000 células/mL). A viabilidade celular variou entre 96 e 100%. As CTMs em cultivo são fibroblásticas, fusiformes, com citoplasma basofílico e núcleo esférico. O comprimento médio das células variou entre 80,85 e 98,36µm, a largura média entre 17,40 e 28,79µm e o diâmetro médio do núcleo entre 15,46 e 17,74µm.
Growth curve of female collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu) raised in captivity in the Brazilian Amazon Region
Authors: Garnero A.D.V. , Marcondes C.R. , Albuquerque N.I. , Araújo R.O. , Pendu Y. , Guimarães D.A.
Published: September 2013

This work aims to determine the most suitable nonlinear model to describe the growth of female collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). The monthly records of the weight of 10 captive female collared peccaries over a period of two years in the Brazilian Amazon Region were used. The growth models used were the Von Bertalanffy, Brody, Gompertz and Logistic. The parameters were estimated by using the NLIN procedure from the SAS application. The criteria used to verify the adjustment of the models were: asymptotic standard deviation (ASD); coefficient of determination (R²); average absolute residual deviation (ARD) and the asymptotic rate (AR). The Brody model and the Logistic model estimated the highest (19.44kg) and the lowest (19.18kg) asymptotic weight (A), indicating the lowest (0.0070kg/day) and the highest (0.0121kg/day) maturation rate (K). These results and the coefficients of phenotypic correlation that varied from -0.75 and -0.47 confirmed the antagonistic nature between these parameters. The Brody model estimated the lower value for ARD, a limiting factor for describing the lowest value for AR through this model. The Brody model showed the best adjustment for AR, although the other models also showed a suitable adjustment to the weight data of said species/gender. Based on the AR obtained in this work, the Brody model is recommended for adjusting the growth curve of the female collared peccaries. Depending on the estimated values, especially for K, this trait can be included in a selection index.
Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, Salmonella spp. e microrganismos indicadores em carcaças bovinas para exportação
Authors: Matos A.V.R. , Nunes L.B.S. , Vianna C. , Spina T.L.B. , Zuim C.V. , Possebon F.S. , Xavier D.M. , Ferraz M.C. , Pinto J.P.A.N.
Published: September 2013

Foram colhidas amostras de 100 carcaças em um frigorífico exportador, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, amostradas ao longo de um ano, por meio do método de esponjas, aplicado na região do peito do animal. As amostras foram colhidas em três pontos, denominados A, B e C, sendo cada carcaça amostrada nos três pontos, localizados nas etapas: pós-sangria (A); pós-esfola (B) e pós-lavagem (C). Foram realizadas pesquisas de Listeria sp., E. coli O157, Salmonella spp. e microrganismos indicadores (Petrifilms® AC, EC e EB). Não foram isolados Listeria ou E. coli O157 em nenhuma das 300 amostras. Salmonella spp. foi isolada em nove, sendo oito no ponto A e uma no ponto B. Para mesófilos, as contagens variaram de 0 a 6,8 log UFC/cm², para coliformes totais, de 0 a 4,57 log UFC/cm², e para E. coli, de 0 a 4,38 log UFC/cm². Diante dos resultados obtidos e em comparação com a literatura, conclui-se que o estabelecimento estudado apresenta qualidade, tanto sanitária (devido às baixas prevalências dos patógenos) quanto higiênica (devido à acentuada diminuição da carga microbiana de indicadores ao longo da linha).
Hemodynamic and antiarrhythmic effects of lidocaine or amiodarone in dogs anesthetized with halothane
Authors: Moro J.V. , Nunes N. , Barbosa V.F. , Thiesen R. , Lopes P.C.F. , Belmonte E.A. , Borges P.A. , Batista P.A.C.S. , Costa P.F.
Published: September 2013

The effects of continuous rate infusion of lidocaine or amiodarone on hemodynamic and arrhythmias induced by epinephrine in dogs anesthetized with halothane were evaluated. Thirty dogs were distributed into three groups: amiodarone group (AG), lidocaine group (LG), or control group (CG). Anesthesia was induced with etomidate and maintained with halothane. Thirty minutes later a bolus and continuous rate infusion (CRI) of amiodarone in AG, lidocaine in LG and NaCl at 0.9% in CG was administered. After 10 minutes, arrhythmias were induced by epinephrine CRI at 0.0001mg/kg/minute, which was increased in 0.0001mg/kg/minute every ten minutes, until 0.0003mg/kg/minute. The measurements were performed 30 minutes after the induction of anesthesia (T0), 10 minutes after beginning the drug CRIs (T1), 10 minutes after beginning epinephrine administration (T2) and 10 minutes after increasing epinephrine CRI (T3 and T4). In CG, at T3 heart rate (HR) was greater than in LG, while at T4, HR in GC was higher than in LG and AG. In LG and CG, from T2, central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) increased. In AG, SAP, DAP and MAP it decreased from T1 to T3. The ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) were lower in AG. Amiodarone has better antiarrhythmogenic effects, although it was also associated with hypotension.
Infusão contínua de morfina ou fentanil, associados à lidocaína e cetamina, em cães anestesiados com isofluorano
Authors: Belmonte E.A. , Nunes N. , Thiesen R. , Lopes P.C.F. , Costa P.F. , Barbosa V.F. , Moro J.V. , Batista P.A.C. S. , Borges P.A.
Published: September 2013

A técnica de analgesia multimodal, por meio da infusão contínua de fármacos, pode ser empregada para diminuir a incidência de sensibilização central durante a anestesia. Avaliaram-se as características cardiorrespiratórias, durante o procedimento de artroscopia de joelho, em cães anestesiados com isofluorano e monitorados por meio do índice biespectral, submetidos à infusão contínua de morfina ou fentanil, associada à lidocaína e cetamina. Utilizaram-se 16 cães adultos, machos ou fêmeas, os quais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, denominados MLK - que recebeu morfina (3,3μg/kg/min), lidocaína (50μg/kg/min) e cetamina (10μg/kg/min) ou FLK - em que foi substituída a morfina pelo fentanil (0,03μg/kg/min). Os cães foram pré-tratados com levomepromazina (0,5mg/kg IV), induzidos à anestesia com propofol (5mg/kg) e mantidos com isofluorano, ajustando-se a concentração para obterem-se valores de índice biespectral entre 55 e 65. As mensurações da frequência cardíaca (FC), dos parâmetros eletrocardiográficos (ECG), das pressões arteriais sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) e média (PAM), da tensão de dióxido de carbono expirado (EtCO2), da saturação de oxi-hemoglobina (SpO2), da frequência respiratória (FR) e da temperatura esofágica (T) iniciaram-se 30 minutos após a indução (M0) e continuaram após o início da infusão das soluções, em intervalos de 15 minutos (M15 a M75). Diferenças entre os grupos foram registradas para duração do complexo QRS (M60), para FC e T, entre M30 e M75, com MLK apresentando médias maiores que FLK, que registrou médias maiores que MLK para a SpO2 (M60), para os intervalos QT (M30 e M75) e RR (M0, M60 e M75). Concluiu-se que o emprego de morfina ou fentanil, associados à lidocaína e cetamina, promove efeitos semelhantes e não compromete as características avaliadas.
Quantitative computed tomography of the liver in dogs submitted to prednisone therapy
Authors: Costa L.A.V.S. , Oliveira D.C. , Lopes B.F. , Lanis A.B. , Teixeira M.W. , Costa F.S.
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible alterations in radiodensity of the hepatic parenchyma and spleen resulting from the corticotherapy with prednisone, correlating these findings with serum biochemical hepatic transaminase activity. A clinical trial was performed on eight healthy dogs with the intent of evaluating possible hepatic alterations after prednisone therapy using quantitative computed tomography. All animals received prednisone orally at a dose of 2mg/kg of weight for 30 days. The radiodensity of the liver and spleen was determined before and after the period that the medication was administered. An increase in the radiodensity of the hepatic parenchyma between the initial and final experimental stages was observed. In the present study the existence of early hepatic alterations were verified, which are compatible with glycogen storage.
Estimativa do intervalo pós-morte em um canino (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus 1758) pela entomologia forense em Cabedelo-PB, Brasil: relato de caso
Authors: Martins G. , Santos W.E. dos , Creão-Duarte A.J. , Silva L.B.G. da , Oliveira A.A.F.
Published: September 2013

O intervalo pós-morte (IPM) é um instrumento importante de diagnóstico relacionado à prática forense. O uso de insetos tem sido relatado como um modo eficiente para estimá-lo, quando o cadáver encontra-se em estágio avançado de decomposição. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar o IPM com base em evidências entomológicas em um canino. Foram coletadas larvas de moscas no cadáver e encaminhadas ao laboratório de entomologia, onde foram criadas e eclodiram adultos da espécie Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819). Somando-se os dados abióticos de temperatura e umidade relativa do local de coleta e do local de criação, estimou-se um IPM mínimo de 3,34 dias do momento da postura dos ovos pelas moscas até a coleta das larvas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a entomologia forense, como ferramenta para estimativa do IPM, mostrou-se eficaz e determinante na elucidação do caso em questão.
Viabilidade econômica da terceira ordenha em sistemas de produção de leite com ordenhadeira tipo circuito aberto
Authors: Barbosa G.L. , Lopes M.A. , Nogueira T.M. , Costa G.M. , Albuquerque F.T.
Published: September 2013

Objetivou-se analisar a viabilidade econômica da terceira ordenha em sistemas de produção de leite que utilizam ordenhadeira mecânica, do tipo circuito aberto, visando fornecer aos técnicos e pecuaristas informações que os auxiliem no processo de tomada de decisões. Especificamente pretendeu-se ainda: a) estimar o custo de uma ordenha; b) estimar, por meio de simulação, o custo da terceira ordenha; c) desenvolver uma equação matemática que permita estimar a quantidade mínima de leite produzido em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha. Os dados foram coletados em três sistemas de produção de leite, em uma rotina de duas ordenhas diárias, sendo realizadas três coletas de dados em cada um, perfazendo um total de nove. Considerando-se os dados médios, seria viável a realização da terceira ordenha se a produtividade média diária das vacas em lactação em duas ordenhas fosse igual ou superior a 38,13kg de leite. A equação matemática desenvolvida pode auxiliar o técnico e o pecuarista a estimarem a quantidade mínima de leite produzido por uma vaca em duas ordenhas, a partir da qual será viável economicamente a realização da terceira ordenha, com precisão e considerável rapidez.
Efeito da densidade de estocagem no desenvolvimento inicial do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare)
Authors: Gonçalves Júnior L.P. , Pereira S.L. , Matielo M.D. , Mendonça P.P.
Published: September 2013

Avaliou-se a influência da densidade de estocagem no desenvolvimento inicial do acará-bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado pelo ganho de peso (GP), ganho de comprimento total (GCT), ganho de comprimento padrão (GCP), ganho de altura (GA), taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), taxa de desenvolvimento específico (TDE) e sobrevivência (S). Para realização do experimento, foram utilizadas 300 pós-larvas de peso médio inicial de 0,0012g, comprimento total médio de 4,11±0,93mm, altura média inicial de 4,84±0,87mm e comprimento padrão médio de 1,54±0,25mm. Essas foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos (T) foram constituídos por cinco diferentes densidades de estocagem, em que T1: 5 pós-larvas L-1; T2: 10 pós-larvas L-1; T3: 15 pós-larvas L-1; T4: 20 pós-larvas L-1; T5: 25 pós-larvas L-1. A densidade de 5 pós-larvas L-1 foi a que proporcionou o maior valor para crescimento. Contudo, essa densidade subestimou a utilização do espaço se comparada com a produtividade final da densidade de 15 pós-larvas L-1.
Teores proteicos em dietas para vacas Holandesas leiteiras em confinamento
Authors: Paiva V.R. , Lana R.P. , Oliveira A.S. , Leão M.I. , Teixeira R.M.A.
Published: September 2013

Avaliou-se o efeito de dietas com níveis de proteína bruta ‒ PB (10, 12, 14 e 16% na matéria seca ‒ MS) em vacas Holandesas mestiças com produção de leite médio (PL) de 13kg/dia. Utilizou-se silagem de milho como volumoso, e a relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 75:25. Houve aumento linear para o consumo de todos os componentes da dieta, exceto para o consumo de carboidratos totais e carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), que reduziram linearmente. O consumo dos nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) apresentou comportamento quadrático, com valor máximo estimado de 10,13kg/dia, na dose de 15,62% de PB na dieta. As digestibilidades de PB, EE, FDN e FDNcp aumentaram linearmente. Já os valores de digestibilidade de MS, MO, CNF e NDT apresentaram efeito quadrático, estimando-se ponto de máximo de 65,09; 67,23; 78,35 e 67,92 nas doses de 15,39; 15,22; 15,62 e 15,68% de PB, respectivamente. A PL, sem e com correção para 3,5% de gordura, a variação de peso corporal e a composição do leite aumentaram linearmente, exceto para lactose, que não apresentou efeito. O nível de 14% de PB na dieta é o mais indicado para alimentação de vacas com produção média de 13kg/dia de leite.
Helminthes and protozoan of farmed pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) in eastern Amazon and host-parasite relationship
Authors: Marinho R.G.B. , Tavares-Dias M. , Dias-Grigório M.K.R. , Neves L.R. , Yoshioka E.T.O. , Boijink C.L. , Takemoto R.M.
Published: September 2013

The parasitofauna in the giant Amazon basin, pirarucu (Arapaima gigas Schinz, 1822) cultured in fish farms from the state of Amapá, in eastern Amazonia (Brazil) was investigated. Of the 100 examined fish, 90.0% were parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ciliophora), Dawestrema cycloancistrium, Dawestrema cycloancistrioides (Monogenoidea) and Polyacanthorhynchus macrorhynchus (Acanthocephala), which had an aggregated distribution pattern. The highest infection rates were caused by I. multifiliis and the lowest by P. macrorhynchus. Infection rates were different for each fish farm, due to different water quality and management characteristics. A negative correlation was found between the intensity of monogenoideans D. cycloancistrium and D. cycloancistrioides and the relative condition factor (Kn), but the welfare of fish was not affected by parasitism. The number of I. multifiliis was positively correlated with the weight and total length of hosts, while the intensity of monogenoideans was negatively correlated with body weight and total length. This study is the first to record the occurrence of P. macrorhynchus in A. gigas farmed in Amazon.
Application of Scharer's quantitative method for the determination of residual alkaline phosphatase activity in standard Minas
Authors: Soares C.F. , Fonseca L.M. , Leite M.O. , Oliveira M.C.P.P.
Published: September 2013

Milk pasteurization is a critical issue in the dairy industry, and failures in this process can affect final product safety. Scharer's enzymatic method is still traditionally used to verify pasteurization efficiency compliance, and it is based on screening for residual alkaline phosphatase in milk. Although several methods are used to quantify enzymatic activity to assess milk pasteurization efficiency, there is a small amount of published data regarding the use of these methods to quantify alkaline phosphatase in cheese. In this study, the Scharer's modified method was used to determine the levels of residual alkaline phosphatase in standard minas cheese, before and after 20 days of ripening. The cheeses were made using raw or pasteurized milk with the addition of different concentrations of raw milk (0; 0.05%; 0.10%; 0.20%; and 0.50%). In the fresh cheese samples, the method showed a sensitivity of only 0.50% with the addition of raw milk to the pasteurized milk used to make cheese. In addition, levels of up 0.20% of raw milk in pasteurized milk, the concentrations of phenol was inferior to 1μg phenol/g of dairy product which is the preconized indicator value for adequate pasteurization.
Sons and daughters with a parent hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lima Fernanda de Azevedo , Amazonas Maria Cristina Lopes de Almeida , Barreto Carmem Lúcia Brito Tavares , Menezes Walfrido Nunes de
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study, in the area of Hospital Psychology, was to comprehend the experience of sons and daughters whose mother or father was hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit. Participants were 10 sons and daughters who responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire and a semi-structured interview, which were submitted to Content Analysis. The following were verified in the interviews: feelings of suffering and fear; concerns regarding the fact that the patient spends most of the time alone; lack of trust regarding the treatment offered by the healthcare team for the patient; lack of motivation to continue day by day routines; positive reappraisal such as personal, spiritual and professional growth, and satisfaction with the hospital team's care to the family. This data highlights the needs of these sons and daughters during their parent's hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit and may support more effective care from the healthcare team for this population.
O profissional de saúde mental na reforma psiquiátrica
Authors: Simões Cristiane Helena Dias , Fernandes Rafael Aiello , Aiello-Vaisberg Tania Maria José
Published: September 2013

O objetivo desse artigo é examinar criticamente produções da literatura científica sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, publicadas entre 2003 e 2011, abordando estudos que focalizaram o trabalhador de saúde mental. A pesquisa organizou-se por meio de leitura sistemática e análise dos artigos, em termos de seus objetivos, metodologia, resultados e conclusão. Foram encontrados 14 artigos, que se revelaram convergentes quanto aos resultados obtidos na medida em que concluem que os trabalhadores manifestam-se favorável e engajadamente em relação ao processo da reforma, ao mesmo tempo em que apontam problemas e desafios no cotidiano - sem superar, como seria esperado, visões conservadoras e reducionistas da doença mental. Por outro lado, considerada em seu conjunto, esta produção indica que o interesse pelo trabalhador não inclui valorização de sua experiência emocional, dimensão certamente mobilizada pela questão da loucura. Esta lacuna deve ser preenchida por pesquisas que incluam atenção aos aspectos emocionais e se traduzam em intervenções que auxiliem os trabalhadores a lidar bem com suas tarefas do cotidiano.
Dispositivos institucionais filantrópicos e socioeducativos de atenção à infância na assistência social
Authors: Benelli Silvio José , Costa-Rosa Abílio da
Published: September 2013

Estudou-se a Assistência Social como instituição que faz dispositivos de produção de subjetividade na atenção à criança e ao adolescente. Para tanto, utilizaram-se algumas coordenadas analíticas conjunturais e estruturais para mapear modelos de atenção assistencial em confronto no campo da Assistência Social. Concluiu-se que haveria dois paradigmas contraditórios, no sentido dialético, organizando a Assistência Social: um seria o modo filantrópico, o outro o modo socioeducativo. Ao primeiro, que é hegemônico no campo, corresponderia uma entidade assistencial ainda organizada a partir de uma atenção filantrópica pautada em uma lógica menorista, articulada por um discurso criminalizante das classes populares, informalmente baseada na noção jurídica da situação irregular, que desenvolveria práticas assistenciais preventivas, repressivas, correcionais e moralizadoras. A construção do modo socioeducativo implica uma atenção socioeducativaque visa à promoção efetiva dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes, a partir da sua condição de sujeitos e de cidadãos, por meio de práticas institucionais democráticas, dialógicas, participativas, multiprofissionais e transdisciplinares, fundamentalmente emancipadoras.
Human impacts on multiple ecological networks act synergistically to drive ecosystem collapse
Authors: Valiente-Banuet Alfonso , Verdú Miguel
Published: September 2013

Highly biodiverse ecosystems worldwide are rapidly losing species diversity as a result of human overexploitation of natural resources. However, it is not known whether there is a critical threshold of species loss at which an ecosystem fails to recover, leading to its collapse. By combining multiple ecological networks (including facilitation, pollination, and seed dispersal) into a realistic scenario, we document how an ecosystem may collapse through synergistic disruptions to those networks. Although the interdependence of different ecological networks is indicative of ecosystem fragility and low resilience, our findings may improve environmental remediation efforts, thereby helping to bridge the gap between the disciplines of ecology and conservation biology.
A large‐scale forest landscape model incorporating multi‐scale processes and utilizing forest inventory data
Authors: Wang Wen J. , He Hong S. , Spetich Martin A. , Shifley Stephen R. , Thompson Frank R. , Larsen David R. , Fraser Jacob S. , Yang Jian
Published: September 2013

Two challenges confronting forest landscape models (FLMs) are how to simulate fine, stand‐scale processes while making large‐scale (i.e., >107ha) simulation possible, and how to take advantage of extensive forest inventory data such as U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to initialize and constrain model parameters. We present the LANDIS PRO model that addresses these needs. LANDIS PRO adds density and size mechanisms of resource competition. This is achieved through incorporating number of trees and DBH by species age cohort within each raster cell. Forest change is determined by the interactions of species‐, stand‐, and landscape‐scale processes. Species‐scale processes include tree growth, establishment, and mortality. Stand‐scale processes include density and size‐related resource competition that regulates self‐thinning and seedling establishment. Landscape‐scale processes include seed dispersal, as well as natural and anthropogenic disturbances. LANDIS PRO is designed to be straightforwardly comparable with forest inventory data, and thus the extensive FIA data can be directly utilized to initialize and constrain model parameters before predicting future forest change. We initialized a large landscape (∼107ha) from historical FIA data (1978) and the predicted forest structure and composition following 30 years of simulation were statistically calibrated against a prior time‐series of sequential FIA data (1978 to 2008). The results showed that the initialized conditions realistically represented the historical forest composition and structure at 1978, and the constrained model parameters predicted reasonable outcomes at both landscape and land type scales. The subsequent evaluation of model predictions showed that the predicted forest composition and structure were comparable with old‐growth oak forests; predicted forest successional trajectories were consistent with the expected successional patterns in oak‐dominated forests in the study region; and the predicted stand development patterns were in agreement with the established theories of forest stand development. This study demonstrated a framework for forest landscape modeling including model initialization, calibration, and evaluation of predictions.
Predictors of Overweight and Obesity Among Women in Ghana
Authors: Agbeko Mattah Precious , Akwasi Kumi-Kyereme , Andrews Druye Adjei , Gifty Osei Berchie
Published: September 2013

The global prevalence of overweight and obesity has more than doubled between 1980 and 2008. Using the
2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data, this study explored the association between biological, behavioural
and socio-cultural factors and overweight and obesity among women in Ghana. The bivariate descriptive analysis and the
binary logistic regression estimation technique were used to analyse the data. From the results, it was observed that there
were significant associations between some of the factors and overweight and obesity. For instance, age was found to
have a positive significant association with overweight and obesity for all categories while having four or more children
was significant but negatively associated with overweight and obesity. The introduction of socio-cultural factors in the
model did not affect the direction of association between age and overweight and obesity even though the strength of
association reduced. Amongst the socio-cultural factors introduced in the model, all categories of education and wealth
status had a positive significant association with overweight and obesity. The introduction of behavioural factors in the
model did not change the nature of predictors of overweight and obesity. Alcohol consumption, contraceptive use and
exposure to television were positively associated with overweight and obesity. The results underscore the relevance of
biological, socio-cultural and behavioural factors in the planning and implementation of intervention strategies to address
overweight and obesity among women in Ghana.
The Simulation of Natural Gas Gathering Pipeline Network
Authors: Shanbi Peng , Junying Li , Yong Jiang , Yuan Liu
Published: September 2013

This paper focuses on developing a simulation model for the analysis of natural gas gathering pipeline network
system. The simulation mathematical model of the pipeline element and non-pipeline element in natural gas pipeline
network is established, the implicit difference method is used to change the partial differential model into the finite
difference equations. In order to determine the unknown pressure and flow parameters, the Newton–Raphson solution
technique is applied to solve the model. The simulation model is used to analyze the pipeline network in a gas field. The
result simulated comparing with the actual parameter showed that the developed simulation model enabled to determine
the parameters with less than 5% relative error. And we can see from the simulation results that: the pressure in each
pipeline does not exceed the allowable pressure, the pressure drop is small in the pipeline network, and the flow in part of
pipeline is very small. Therefore, we can adjust the gas transmission scheme, and increase the gas transmission volume
properly.
Oscillatory flow chemical reactors
Authors: Slavnic Danijela , Bugarski Branko , Nikacevic Nikola
Published: September 2013

Global market competition, increase in energy and other production costs,
demands for high quality products and reduction of waste are forcing
pharmaceutical, fine chemicals and biochemical industries, to search for
radical solutions. One of the most effective ways to improve the overall
production (cost reduction and better control of reactions) is a transition
from batch to continuous processes. However, the reactions of interests for
the mentioned industry sectors are often slow, thus continuous tubular
reactors would be impractically long for flow regimes which provide
sufficient heat and mass transfer and narrow residence time distribution. The
oscillatory flow reactors (OFR) are newer type of tube reactors which can
offer solution by providing continuous operation with approximately plug flow
pattern, low shear stress rates and enhanced mass and heat transfer. These
benefits are the result of very good mixing in OFR achieved by vortex
generation. OFR consists of cylindrical tube containing equally spaced
orifice baffles. Fluid oscillations are superimposed on a net (laminar) flow.
Eddies are generated when oscillating fluid collides with baffles and passes
through orifices. Generation and propagation of vortices create uniform
mixing in each reactor cavity (between baffles), providing an overall flow
pattern which is close to plug flow. Oscillations can be created by direct
action of a piston or a diaphragm on fluid (or alternatively on baffles).
This article provides an overview of oscillatory flow reactor technology, its
operating principles and basic design and scale - up characteristics.
Further, the article reviews the key research findings in heat and mass
transfer, shear stress, residence time distribution in OFR, presenting their
advantages over the conventional reactors. Finally, relevant process
intensification examples from pharmaceutical, polymer and biofuels industries
are presented.
Corrosion resistance of surface modified nickel titanium archwires
Authors: Krishnan Manu , Seema Saraswathy , Kumar A. Vinod , Varthini N. Parvatha , Sukumaran Kalathil , Pawar Vasant R. , Arora Vimal
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To compare the corrosion behavior of commercially available surface modified nickel titanium (NiTi) arch wires with respect to a conventional NiTi and to evaluate its association with surface characteristics.

Materials and Methods:

Five types of surface modified arch wires and a conventional NiTi arch wire, all from different manufacturers, were evaluated for their corrosion resistance from breakdown potential in an anodic polarization scan in Ringer's solution. Surface characteristics were determined from scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan's multiple range tests were used to evaluate statistical significance.

Results:

Surface modified NiTi wires showed significant improvement in corrosion resistance and reduction in surface roughness values. Breakdown potentials increased in the order of group 6 (conventional; 204 mV) < group 1 (nitride; 333 mV) < group 5 (epoxy resin; 346mV) < group 3 (oxide; 523 mV) < group 2 (gold; 872 mV) < group 4 (Teflon; 1181 mV), but root mean square (RMS) roughness values, which indicated surface roughness, followed a different pattern: group 3 (oxide; 74.12 nm) < group 1 (nitride; 221.651 nm) < group 4 (Teflon; 278.523 nm) < group 2 (gold; 317.894 nm) < group 5 (epoxy resin; 344.236 nm) < group 6 (conventional; 578.555 nm).

Conclusions:

Surface modification of NiTi wires proved to be effective in improving its corrosion resistance and decreasing surface roughness. However, neither factor could maintain a direct, one-to-one relationship. It meant that the type and nature of coating material can effectively influence the anticorrosive features of NiTi wires, compared with its surface roughness values.
Sleeping and resting respiratory rates in dogs with subclinical heart disease
Authors: Ohad Dan G. , Rishniw Mark , Ljungvall Ingrid , Porciello Francesco , Häggström Jens
Published: September 2013

Objective—To characterize sleeping respiratory rates (SRRs) and resting respiratory rates (RRRs), collected in the home environment, of dogs with subclinical heart disease that could result in left-sided congestive heart failure.

Design—Prospective cross-sectional study.

Animals—190 adult dogs with subclinical left-sided heart disease.

Procedures—Most dogs had mitral valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy of various severities. Clients collected ten 1-minute SRRs or RRRs during a period ranging from 1 week to 6 months. Clinicians provided echocardiographic and medical data on each patient.

Results—The within-dog mean SRR (SRRmean; 16 breaths/min) was significantly lower than the within-dog mean RRR (RRRmean; 21 breaths/min). Seven dogs had SRRmean and 33 dogs had RRRmean > 25 breaths/min; 1 dog had SRRmean and 12 dogs had RRRmean > 30 breaths/min; these dogs mostly had a left atrial (LA)-to-aortic ratio > 1.8. Dogs with moderate LA enlargement had a significantly higher SRRmean than did other dogs. However, median SRRmean for each of 4 levels of LA enlargement was < 20 breaths/min; median RRRmean for each of 4 levels of LA enlargement was < 25 breaths/min. Both within-dog SRR and RRR remained stable for 10 consecutive measurements. Treatment with cardiac medications or presence of pulmonary hypertension was not associated with SRRmean or RRRmean.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that dogs with confirmed subclinical left-sided heart disease of various severities generally had SRRmean < 25 breaths/min, which was infrequently exceeded at any time, and that SRR and RRR remained stable, regardless of individual within-dog SRRmean or RRRmean. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:839–843)
Comparison of perioperative analgesic efficacy between methadone and butorphanol in cats
Authors: Warne Leon N. , Beths Thierry , Holm Merete , Bauquier Sébastien H.
Published: September 2013

Objective—To compare the perioperative analgesic effect between methadone and butorphanol in cats.

Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals—22 healthy female domestic cats.

Procedures—Cats admitted for ovariohysterectomy were allocated to a butorphanol group (n = 10) or methadone group (12) and premedicated with butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg [0.18 mg/lb], SC) or methadone (0.6 mg/kg [0.27 mg/lb], SC), respectively, in combination with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg [0.01 mg/lb], SC). Anesthesia was induced with propofol (IV) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. A multidimensional composite scale was used to conduct pain assessments prior to premedication and 5, 20, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 minutes after extubation or until rescue analgesia was given. Groups were compared to evaluate isoflurane requirement, propofol requirement, pain scores, and requirement for rescue analgesia.

Results—Propofol and isoflurane requirements and preoperative pain scores were not different between groups. During recovery, dysphoria prevented pain evaluation at 5 minutes. Pain scores at 20 minutes were significantly lower in the methadone group, and 6 of 10 cats in the butorphanol group received rescue analgesia, making subsequent pain score comparisons inapplicable. After 6 hours, only 3 of 12 cats in the methadone group had received rescue analgesia.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the present study, methadone appeared to be a better postoperative analgesic than butorphanol and provided effective analgesia for 6 hours following ovariohysterectomy in most cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:844–850)
Red blood cell distribution width in dogs with chronic degenerative valvular disease
Authors: Guglielmini Carlo , Poser Helen , Pria Angela Dalla , Drigo Michele , Mazzotta Elisa , Berlanda Michele , Luciani Alessia
Published: September 2013

Objective—To evaluate RBC distribution width (RDW) in dogs with chronic degenerative valvular disease (CDVD) with compensated or decompensated heart failure.

Design—Retrospective case-control study.

Animals—27 healthy dogs and 135 dogs with CDVD (87 dogs with compensated heart failure and 48 dogs with decompensated heart failure).

Procedures—The RDW and various CBC and serum biochemical variables were compared among groups. Correlations between RDW and various echocardiographic variables were evaluated.

Results—Mean ± SD RDW in dogs with CDVD (13.1% ± 1.0%) was not significantly different from that of healthy dogs (12.8% ± 0.8%). The RDW of dogs with CDVD and compensated heart failure (13.0% ± 1.0%) was not significantly different from that of dogs with CDVD and decompensated heart failure (13.2% ± 1.1%). The RDW had a significant, weak, negative correlation with Hct (correlation coefficient, −0.250), hemoglobin concentration (correlation coefficient, −0.219), and mean corpuscular volume (correlation coefficient, −0.211). The RDW had a significant, weak, positive correlation with 1 echocardiographic index of CDVD severity (ie, the left atrium-to-aorta ratio [correlation coefficient, 0.183]).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study population, RDW did not seem to be associated with the presence of heart failure or CDVD. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013;243:858–862)
Spirituality and Personality: Understanding Their Relationship to Health Resilience
Authors: Womble Melissa N. , Labbé Elise E. , Cochran C. Ryan
Published: September 2013

A growing body of research suggests there are important relationships among spirituality, certain personality traits, and health (organismic) resilience. In the present study, 83 college students from two southeastern universities completed a demographic questionnaire, the NEO Five Factor Inventory, and the Resilience Questionnaire. The Organismic resilience and Relationship with something greater subscales of the Resilience Questionnaire were used for analyses. Health resilience was associated with four of the Big Five personality variables and the spirituality score. Health resilience was positively correlated with ratings of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and spirituality and negatively correlated with neuroticism. Forty-three percent of the variance of the health resilience score was accounted for by two of the predictor variables: spirituality and neuroticism. These findings are consistent with the literature and provide further support for the idea that spirituality and health protective personality characteristics are related to and may promote better health resilience.
Translation and Initial Validation of the Japanese Version of the Ruminative Responses Scale
Authors: Hasegawa Akira
Published: September 2013

The Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) is a measure of depressive rumination and, although several versions have been developed, the version by Treynor and colleagues has been used most frequently in research. This version contains two subscales: Brooding and Reflection. In the present study, the 22-item RRS was translated into Japanese and psychometric properties of the measure were examined in two samples of Japanese undergraduate students ( ns = 299 and 56). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor model of the RRS showed a moderate to good fit to the data. The total and subscale scores indicated adequate reliability and construct validity. Consistent with previous studies, correlational analyses indicated that Brooding, rather than Reflection, assessed maladaptive aspects of rumination. The Japanese RRS was shown to be a reliable and valid measure that has the potential to contribute to future depression research and clinical practice.
Factor Structure of the Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences in Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Forns Maria , Kirchner Teresa , Peró Maribel , Pont Elisenda , Abad Judit , Soler Laia , Paretilla Claudia
Published: September 2013

The present study aimed to identify the best structure of the Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences when applied to Spanish adolescents. A confirmatory factor analysis of five previous factor structures was conducted. As the data did not fit previous factor models, two exploratory factor analyses (first- and second-order) were carried out to identify the structure for Spanish adolescents and to analyse its criterion validity in relation to mental health, which was assessed by means of the Youth Self-Report. A first-wave sample of 1,152 secondary education pupils (645 boys, 56%; 507 girls, 44%; M age = 14.4 yr., SD = 1.4) was involved in the confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses. A second-wave sample of = 374 secondary education pupils (188 boys, 50.5%; 186 girls, 49.5%; M age = 15.4 yr., SD = 1.1) was used to assess criterion validity. The results yielded eight first-order factors with Cronbach's α ranging from .63 to .79, and two second-order factors that replicated the Approach and Avoidance focus of coping. The paper discusses both the content of the extracted factors and mental health issues.