bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Cost Patients and Preventable Spending: A Population-Based Study
Authors: de Oliveira Claire , Cheng Joyce , Chan Kelvin , Earle Craig C. , Krahn Murray , Mittmann Nicole
Published: January 2020

Background:Although high-cost (HC) patients make up a small proportion of patients, they account for most health system costs. However, little is known about HC patients with cancer or whether some of their care could potentially be prevented. This analysis sought to characterize HC patients with cancer and quantify the costs of preventable acute care (emergency department visits and inpatient hospitalizations).Methods:This analysis examined a population-based sample of all HC patients in Ontario in 2013. HC patients were defined as those above the 90th percentile of the cost distribution; all other patients were defined as non–high-cost (NHC). Patients with cancer were identified through the Ontario Cancer Registry. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were examined and the costs of preventable acute care for both groups by category of visit/condition were estimated using validated algorithms.Results:Compared with NHC patients with cancer (n=369,422), HC patients with cancer (n=187,770) were older (mean age 70 vs 65 years), more likely to live in low-income neighborhoods (19% vs 16%), sicker, and more likely to live in long-term care homes (8% vs 0%). Although most patients from both cohorts tended to be diagnosed with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer, those with multiple myeloma or pancreatic or liver cancers were overrepresented among the HC group. Moreover, HC patients were more likely to have advanced cancer at diagnosis and be in the initial or terminal phase of treatment compared with NHC patients. Among HC patients with cancer, 9% of spending stemmed from potentially preventable/avoidable acute care, whereas for NHC patients, this spending was approximately 30%.Conclusions:HC patients with cancer are a unique subpopulation. Given the type of care they receive, there seems to be limited scope to prevent acute care spending among this patient group. To reduce costs, other strategies, such as making hospital care more efficient and generating less costly encounters involving chemotherapy, should be explored.
Molecular Complete Remission Following Ivosidenib in a Patient With an Acute Undifferentiated Leukemia
Authors: Patel Sandipkumar H. , Vasu Sumithira , Guo Ling , Lemaster Olivia , Byrd John C. , Walker Alison
Published: January 2020

Acute undifferentiated leukemia (AUL) is a subtype of acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage. There is no standard treatment approach for AUL, although acute lymphoblastic leukemia–like regimens for induction therapy have been used. Additional data suggest that AUL may be better treated as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), given their similarities in genetic, cytogenetic, and gene expression patterns. Somatic mutations of IDH1 are found in 7% to 14% of patients with AML; however, the patient in this study was the first patient with IDH1-mutated AUL treated with ivosidenib. In this case, a woman aged 39 years was found to have anemia and thrombocytopenia after presenting to her primary care physician with fatigue, weight loss, and persistent infections. During further workup of the cytopenia, she was diagnosed with AUL and received 7+3 (daunorubicin, 60 mg/m2/d intravenously on days 1–3, and cytarabine, 100 mg/m2 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion on days 1–7) due to the presence of the IDH1 mutation. Bone marrow biopsy performed on day 14 of 7+3 showed persistent disease, and ivosidenib was initiated due to severe HLA alloimmunization (panel-reactive antibody, 100%) and significant bleeding complications. The patient achieved a complete morphologic and molecular remission on ivosidenib monotherapy despite critical bleeding complications during induction. Targeted therapy using ivosidenib may represent an encouraging therapeutic option in patients with AUL and IDH1 mutations. Additional evaluation of ivosidenib in this subgroup of patients with AUL is needed.
Los eventos distintivos en grandes destinos del turismo cultural. El caso del año Greco en Toledo (España)
Authors: Escudero Gómez Luis Alfonso
Published: January 2020

El turismo cultural se ha expandido en las últimas décadas. Los destinos turísticos son parte de un mercado altamente competitivo. El patrimonio se ha convertido en un valor económico. Se ha producido la generalización de su comercialización a través de distintos productos turísticos. Es el caso de los eventos culturales con vocación turística. Entre ellos, destacan los eventos distintivos (hallmark events). Son acontecimientos excepcionales. Se desarrollan para mejorar el atractivo y la rentabilidad de un destino. Las efemérides son una oportunidad para organizarlos mediante la celebración de conmemoraciones. En este artículo se analizan los eventos distintivos en grandes destinos del turismo cultural. Con este fin, se realiza un estudio de caso a través del análisis post evento del IV Centenario de la muerte del Greco en la ciudad de Toledo. La metodología empleada consta de la revisión literaria, de la observación directa, del estudio de fuentes y de una encuesta entre visitantes y residentes. Los resultados demostrarán el gran alcance económico y turístico del evento. Sin embargo, entre los visitantes, el Año Greco fue un motivo secundario para acudir al destino. En la comunidad anfitriona, el 40% de los residentes no participaron en el evento.

Cultural tourism has really taken off in the last decade touristic destinies are now part of a highly competitive market. The heritage has turned into an economic asset. Generalization of its trading is now in place through various touristic products. This is the case of cultural events focusing tourism. Among them stand out hallmark events. These are exceptional events. They take place in order to improve the attractiveness and cost effectiveness of a touristic destination. These occurrences are an opportunity to organize them through remembrance services. In this article we go through hallmark events in main cultural touristic destinies. That´s the reason why we carry out a study in order to analyze later events after Greco´s death in the city of Toledo, the IV centenary of his death. The approach used consists of a literary revision, direct observation analyze sources of information and a poll amongst visitors and inhabitants. The results will show the great economic and touristic scope of the event. However among visitors, Greco´s year was a secondary reason to attend the venue. In the host community 40% of the inhabitants didn´t take part in the event.
Identidad y manifestaciones culturales del departamento del Quindío en el contexto del paisaje cultural cafetero de Colombia
Authors: Guzmán-Díaz Beatriz Elena , Parra-Hernández Ramiro , Tarapuez-Chamorro Edwin
Published: January 2020

La investigación pretende identificar la situación actual de la identidad y manifestaciones culturales en el Quindío (Colombia), en el contexto del Paisaje Cultural Cafetero. La metodología es descriptiva y exploratoria y la población corresponde a habitantes y entes gubernamentales; se obtuvo información primaria mediante encuestas y entrevistas, y secundaria a través de revisión documental. Se concluye que la cultura cafetera es el resultado de la fusión de distintos elementos a lo largo de su historia, y pese a que algunos se han olvidado, aún se conservan las expresiones más tradicionales.

This research aims to identify the current situation of identity and cultural manifestations in Quindío (Colombia), in the context of the Coffee Cultural Landscape. The methodology is descriptive and exploratory and the population corresponds to inhabitants and governmental entities; primary information was obtained through surveys and interviews, and secondary through documentary review. It is concluded that the coffee culture is the result of the fusion of different elements throughout its history, and although some have been forgotten, the most traditional expressions are still preserved.
Patrimonio cultural y turismo en torno al cerdo ibérico en Salamanca
Authors: Hortelano Mínguez Luís Alfonso , Azofra Agustín Eduardo , Martín Jiménez María Isabel , Izquierdo Misiego José Ignacio
Published: January 2020

Se analizan los vínculos del territorio con el Patrimonio Cultural generados a partir de la cría del cerdo ibérico, en un sistema agroecológico adaptado a las condiciones del medio natural conocido como monte hueco o dehesa, y de la elaboración de embutidos (en concreto el chorizo ibérico) a partir de la sabiduría popular. Este proceso, asentado en un largo devenir histórico de construcción de un paisaje agrosilvopastoril adecuado para una gestión sostenible del territorio, donde el cerdo ibérico juega un papel preponderante, y en las claves culturales transmitidas de generación en generación del modo de hacer embutidos derivados del cochino ibérico. Este modo de vida ha sido plasmado en pinturas, fotografías, folklore y textos literarios que demuestran las estrechas relaciones de las gentes salmantinas con su territorio, paisaje y costumbres y su valoración como recurso turístico-gastronómico.

Based on the breeding of Iberian hog in the Province of Salamanca, the relations between the territory and cultural heritage are analysed. Breeding conditions are well-adapted to the local ecosystem of pastureland with holm oaks, known as monte hueco or dehesa. Meat processing, for example the production of Iberian chorizo, is based on folk knowledge. The long historical past of pig rearing is embedded in a sustainable agro-sylvo-pastoral landscape and in a local culture related to the production of ham and sausages. This way of life is reflected in paintings, photographs, folklore and literary texts, which show the intense relationship of the people of Salamanca with their territory, landscape and traditions, as well as its asset as a touristic -gastronomic resource.
Los espacios turísticos: producción, experiencias e imaginarios. El caso de la Araucanía andino-lacustre chilena, 1900-1940
Authors: Martínez Riquelme Pablo
Published: January 2020

Los procesos de producción de espacios turísticos se expresan en sendas espacio-temporales, asociadas a una producción material, como las infraestructuras, equipamiento y conectividad, pero también en una producción inmaterial, basada en la difusión de imaginarios territoriales vinculados a la experiencia turística. Se busca analizar dicho proceso, en la Araucanía andino-lacustre chilena, entre 1900-1940, a partir de los relatos de los primeros viajeros con motivaciones turísticas a finales del siglo XIX y el rol de Estado como actor promotor de la turistificación del territorio en el sur de Chile.

The processes of production of tourist spaces are expressed in space-time paths, associated with a material production, such as infrastructures, equipment and connectivity, but also in an immaterial production, based on the diffusion of territorial imaginaries linked to the tourist experience. It is sought to analyze this process, in the Chilean Andean-lacustrine Araucanía, between 1900-1940, based on the account of the first travelers with tourist motivations at the end of the 19th century and the role of the State as a promoter of the touristification of the territory in the South of Chile.
La contaminación atmosférica y su impacto sobre las actividades turísticas, en Madrid
Authors: Sotelo Pérez María , Sotelo Navalpotro José Antonio
Published: January 2020

La contaminación atmosférica, caracterizada por la presencia en la atmósfera de uno o varios elementos contaminantes como gases, humos o polvo, inciden y repercuten de manera directa e indirecta sobre la salud humana y sobre las flora y la fauna -así como en el desarrollo de sus actividades- de un territorio tan amplio, variado y diverso como es la Comunidad de Madrid, lo que se presenta como un factor de riesgo potencial, principalmente, para actividades tan sensibles como las relacionadas con el turismo. Por lo que, a la hora de tratar una temática tan compleja, a la par que diversa, como son los riesgos antrópicos, en relación con las actividades turísticas, se pone de manifiesto la existencia de una problemática igual de importante como es la falta de conocimiento real de los riesgos latentes y presentes en cada uno de los municipios que conforman la Comunidad de Madrid, amén de repercutir considerablemente en la exposición de la población a riesgos de los que carece de información.

Air pollution characterized by the presence in the atmosphere of one or several pollutants such as gases, fumes or dust, impact directly and indirectly on human health and on flora and fauna -as well as in the development of its activities- of such a wide, varied and diverse territory as the Community of Madrid, what is presented as a potential risk factor, mainly, for activities as sensitive as those related to tourism. Therefore, when dealing with such a complex issue, at the same time as diverse, such as anthropic risks, in relation to tourism activities, the existence of an equally important problem such as the lack of real knowledge of the latent and present risks in each of the municipalities that make up the Community of Madrid, in addition to having a considerable impact on the exposure of the population to risks for which it lacks information.
Multinacionales de mercados emergentes y adquisiciones internacionales: el caso de las empresas chinas en el sector hotelero español
Authors: Quer Diego , Peng Xing
Published: January 2020

La expansión internacional de las multinacionales de mercados emergentes está adquiriendo una creciente importancia en los últimos años. El sector hotelero no es ajeno a esta tendencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si los modelos teóricos tradicionales resultan aplicables al caso de las inversiones efectuadas por empresas turísticas chinas o si, por el contrario, se hace necesario utilizar nuevos planteamientos. A partir de un estudio de casos de tres empresas chinas que han invertido en el sector hotelero español, nuestros resultados indican que dichas empresas, más que explotar sus ventajas competitivas, persiguen obtener nuevas fuentes de ventaja. Asimismo, en lugar de seguir un proceso gradual, optan por modos de establecimiento que les permitan acceder de forma rápida a esos activos estratégicos.

The international expansion of emerging-market multinationals is becoming increasingly important in recent years. This trend is also present in the hotel industry. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether traditional theoretical frameworks are applicable to cross-border investments by Chinese tourism companies or new approaches become necessary. From a multiple case study of three Chinese companies with investments in the Spanish hotel industry, our results indicate that these companies, rather than exploiting their competitive advantages, seek to obtain new sources of advantage. Moreover, instead of following a gradual process, they choose establishment modes that allow them to quickly access these strategic assets.
La invención de Borges. Un desafío para las prácticas de lectura e interpretación en el campo del Derecho
Authors: Roggero Jorge Luis
Published: January 2020

RESUMEN.  Este artículo se propone analizar ciertos rasgos de la literatura borgiana, resumidos en la idea de la “invención de Borges”, e indagar en su posible aplicación en el campo del Derecho. En todo texto existen sentidos efectivizados, “sentidos establecidos” y sentidos que permanecen latentes a la espera de ser explicitados por una lectura que atienda a las posibilidades allí presentes. El texto jurídico, como el literario, admite y demanda una interpretación que sea capaz de combinar el descubrimiento y la creación para responder a las exigencias de la justicia.
El arte y la creatividad como nuevas formas de bienestar. Primera fase de ARTYS La Experimental, proyecto de Arte y Salud Comunitaria en la Colonia Experimental de Villaverde Alto (Madrid)
Authors: Siles Silvia
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir la primera fase del proyecto de investigación ARTYS La Experimental, un proyecto de Arte y Salud comunitaria, que se lleva a cabo en la Colonia Experimental del barrio madrileño de Villaverde Alto. Se trata de una propuesta práctica diseñada durante el proceso por todas las personas implicadas en él. De esta manera, pretende crear nuevas oportunidades para mejorar el bienestar y la salud de un colectivo concreto a través de la creatividad y promover el uso de las prácticas artísticas como vehículo para mejorar la calidad de vida de la vecindad. Además, parte de los preceptos del arte basado en la comunidad, las prácticas artísticas colaborativas, el arte activista, la promoción de la salud comunitaria a través de los activos en salud, la metodología de investigación-acción participativa y la intervención comunitaria. Se trata de la fase inicial de un proceso que tiene como protagonista acciones artísticas en el espacio público, la participación activa y la toma de decisiones colectiva y que ha tenido lugar desde mayo de 2017 y hasta finales de enero de 2018. Por último, se presenta un análisis y una discusión de los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento de la publicación de este texto.
Imágenes sobre Chile: dos miradas para construir la memoria
Authors: Gonzalez Fulle Maria Beatriz
Published: January 2020

Este artículo presenta un material pedagógico que, a través del cine, permite desarrollar contenidos incluidos en los programas de estudio del curriculum escolar chileno. Se trata de la obra de los cineastas Raúl Ruiz y Patricio Guzmán que, desde miradas muy diversas nos permiten acercarnos a un mismo país, antes y después de la dictadura militar. Estos materiales integran la colección editorial Educación Artística realizada por el Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio, de Chile.
Vídeo espontáneo infantil en contextos familiares y cine de animación en contextos escolares. Dos investigaciones preliminares en Granada y Tegucigalpa
Authors: Marin Ricardo , Lara Rocío , Valseca Javier
Published: January 2020

Presentamos dos indagaciones preliminares sobre cine y Educación Artística. Primera, un estudio de caso de un niño sobre video espontáneo infantil (VEI) en un contexto familiar en Granada (España), que responde a la pregunta ¿qué vídeos produce la infancia de forma espontánea? Como conclusión inicial a partir de esta observación longitudinal no-participante sugerimos cinco fases: (a) exploración autónoma del aparato de grabación; (b) se actúa delante de la cámara fija; (c) la cámara sigue a la acción, se graba al mismo tiempo que se hace cualquier cosa; (d) imitación directa de sus ‘youtuberos’ preferidos; y (e) adopción de los usos videográficos adultos predominantes. La segunda es una ‘Investigación-Acción Participativa’ sobre la enseñanza del cine, que responde a la pregunta ¿cómo enseñar a ver y a hacer cine en la escuela? El contexto es un proyecto de cooperación educativa en Educación Artística que desarrollamos en tres escuelas de la ONG ‘Asociación Colaboración y Esfuerzo (ACOES) en Tegucigalpa. Las cuatro acciones son: ver películas completas, formación de técnicos proyeccionistas entre el propio alumnado de secundaria, creación de cine de animación a partir de N. MacLaren, en pequeños grupos, y formación del profesorado a partir de obras clásicas del cine español y hondureño. La principal conclusión es que ver y hacer vídeos forma parte del proceso de aculturación en las sociedades contemporáneas por lo que es necesario conocer mejor cuáles son los tipos y modos espontáneos de percepción y creación videográfica en edades escolares para poder mejorar los objetivos de aprendizaje del cine en la escuela.
Evaluación de la escritura académica: construcción y validación de un instrumento integrado basado en tareas para evaluar habilidades específicas de escritura
Authors: Andueza Alejandra
Published: January 2020

Evaluar las habilidades de escritura es clave para el desarrollo de métodos de instrucción que ayuden a los nuevos estudiantes con la escritura académica universitaria. Este artículo presenta el proceso de construcción y validación de un instrumento desarrollado para ese propósito. Al hacerlo, primero discutimos la construcción teórica de la prueba evaluativa, luego describimos el proceso a través del cual el instrumento fue desarrollado y validado, y, por último, presentamos los resultados obtenidos y discutimos algunas de sus diversas implicaciones para la instrucción
Dioses en el territorio: implantación y atribuciones rurales del panteón fenicio
Authors: Pardo Barrionuevo Carmen Ana
Published: January 2020

Con este artículo pretendemos dar un nuevo enfoque a los cultos rurales fenicios y el papel que tuvieron en los territorios occidentales. Para ello, desglosaremos los datos sobre iconografía, atribuciones agropecuarias de las principales divinidades fenicias, información del registro arqueológico y veremos las posibles funciones de templos y santuarios. Además, analizaremos la implantación y evolución de estos dioses y su papel durante el proceso de colonización y explotación rural a lo largo del Ier milenio a.C. De manera general, comprobaremos la estrecha vinculación de los cultos en la explotación territorial y las premeditadas advocaciones de los espacios sacros.
Una mostra de col·lapse urbà a Valentia al segle III d.C.: les ceràmiques romanes del carrer del Mar núm. 19 (València, Espanya)
Authors: Huguet Enguita Esperança
Published: January 2020

Als anys 80 es practicà un excavació al centre històric de la ciutat de València on aparegué una claveguera totalment cegada per diferents nivells, que contenien abundants materials arqueològics, i el nivell de desguàs d’aquesta. En aquest article s’estudien les ceràmiques que contenia que han permés datar l’amortització de l’estructura en la segona meitat del segle III d.C.
Vangl2 acts at the interface between actin and N-cadherin to modulate mammalian neuronal outgrowth
Authors: Dos-Santos Carvalho Steve , Moreau Maite M , Hien Yeri Esther , Garcia Mikael , Aubailly Nathalie , Henderson Deborah J , Studer Vincent , Sans Nathalie , Thoumine Olivier , Montcouquiol Mireille
Published: January 2020

Dynamic mechanical interactions between adhesion complexes and the cytoskeleton are essential for axon outgrowth and guidance. Whether planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins, which regulate cytoskeleton dynamics and appear necessary for some axon guidance, also mediate interactions with membrane adhesion is still unclear. Here we show that Vangl2 controls growth cone velocity by regulating the internal retrograde actin flow in an N-cadherin-dependent fashion. Single molecule tracking experiments show that the loss of Vangl2 decreased fast-diffusing N-cadherin membrane molecules and increased confined N-cadherin trajectories. Using optically manipulated N-cadherin-coated microspheres, we correlated this behavior to a stronger mechanical coupling of N-cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton. Lastly, we show that the spatial distribution of Vangl2 within the growth cone is selectively affected by an N-cadherin-coated substrate. Altogether, our data show that Vangl2 acts as a negative regulator of axonal outgrowth by regulating the strength of the molecular clutch between N-cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton.
The genetic basis of aneuploidy tolerance in wild yeast
Authors: Hose James , Escalante Leah E , Clowers Katie J , Dutcher H Auguste , Robinson DeElegant , Bouriakov Venera , Coon Joshua J , Shishkova Evgenia , Gasch Audrey P
Published: January 2020

Aneuploidy is highly detrimental during development yet common in cancers and pathogenic fungi – what gives rise to differences in aneuploidy tolerance remains unclear. We previously showed that wild isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerate chromosome amplification while laboratory strains used as a model for aneuploid syndromes do not. Here, we mapped the genetic basis to Ssd1, an RNA-binding translational regulator that is functional in wild aneuploids but defective in laboratory strain W303. Loss of SSD1 recapitulates myriad aneuploidy signatures previously taken as eukaryotic responses. We show that aneuploidy tolerance is enabled via a role for Ssd1 in mitochondrial physiology, including binding and regulating nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs, coupled with a role in mitigating proteostasis stress. Recapitulating ssd1Δ defects with combinatorial drug treatment selectively blocked proliferation of wild-type aneuploids compared to euploids. Our work adds to elegant studies in the sensitized laboratory strain to present a mechanistic understanding of eukaryotic aneuploidy tolerance.
Soil aggregate size influences the impact of inorganic nitrogen deposition on soil nitrification in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Jingjing , Yang Chao , Liu Xiaoli , Ji Hanzhong , Shao Xinqing
Published: January 2020

Background

Ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−) are two inorganic forms of nitrogen (N) that are deposited from the atmosphere into soil systems. As the substrate and product of soil nitrification, these two forms of inorganic nitrogen will affect or be affected by the soil net nitrification rate (Nr). Our knowledge regarding soil nitrification is mainly derived from studies with bulk soil. However, soil is composed of different aggregate fractions, which may have an important impact on Nr.

Methods

In 2017, we collected soil samples from an alpine meadow of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and separated them into four soil aggregates (2–4, 1–2, 0.25–1, and <0.25 mm) using the dry sieving method. The four soil aggregate sizes amended with the 2 N deposition forms (NH4+-N and NO3−-N) were then incubated at 25 °C for 28 days, and the soil aggregates for each treatment were collected on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 to determine the NO3−-N concentration. The soil Nr and contribution of soil aggregates to the nitrification rate in the bulk soil were calculated.

Results

There were differences in the physicochemical properties of the soil aggregates. The addition of N and aggregate size had strong effects on soil Nr, which were significantly increased under high levels of NH4+ addition across all soil aggregates. The Nr during the 4 week incubation period differed among aggregate sizes. Nr in the 2–4 mm aggregates was higher than in the other aggregates, which was correlated with the maximum values of the soil porosity observed in the 2–4 mm aggregates. Furthermore, almost half of the soil was composed of aggregates of <0.25 mm, indicating that the <0.25 mm aggregates made a higher contribution to the nitrification rate in the bulk soil than the other aggregates, even though these aggregates had a lower nitrification ability. Overall, our study revealed that the soil nitrification rate was influenced by both the N addition and soil aggregates, and that the 2–4 mm aggregates had a dominant effect on the response of soil N transformation processes to future nitrogen deposition in the alpine meadow.
Exercise mode and attentional networks in older adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Biye , Guo Wei
Published: January 2020

Background

Previous studies have indicated that physical exercise enhances attentional function; however, the relationship between exercise mode and attentional networks has not been clarified for older adults (>60 years old). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attentional networks and different exercise modes in older adults.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty-nine participants aged between 60 to 81 years were enrolled and classified into three groups (closed-skill group, open-skill group, or sedentary control group) using an exercise-related questionnaire. All participants completed an attention network test (ANT), which measured executive control, orienting, and alerting networks.

Results

The open-skill group had significantly higher executive network efficiency compared to the closed-skill (p < 0.01) and sedentary (p < 0.01) groups. The closed-skill group had significantly higher values compared to the sedentary control group (p < 0.05). Differences were not detected among groups for alerting and orienting networks (p > 0.05). The open-skill group had significantly higher values compared to the sedentary control group regarding proportion score of executive network (p < 0.01). In comparison, no significant differences were detected among groups for proportion scores of alerting and orienting networks.

Conclusion

This study extends current knowledge by demonstrating that open-skill exercises selectively enhance the executive control of attentional networks in older adults. Open-skill exercises combines physical exercise and cognitive training, potentially representing a more effective exercise mode to maintain or enhance attentional function in older adults.
Integration of Information Communication Technology in Journalism Practice: A Survey of Journalists in Ekiti Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Obajuluwa T. M. , Talabi F. O. , Otunla A. O. , Ajisafe I. O.
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was predicated on the need to ascertain the extent to which Nigerian Journalists, especially those in the state capital of Ekiti state; have integrated the use of information communication technology (ICT) tools in their journalism practice which includes, but not limited to; news gathering, dissemination etc. The objectives among others is to decipher the extent of use and the adoption of new information communication technologies in journalism practise. A total of thirty four (34) TV and radio  journalists were sampled with a view to ascertain their use and types ICT tools employed for the achievement of communication efficiency. Despite the perceived importance of the role of ICT in improving communication efficiency (as opined by 97% of the respondents), findings from this study revealed that the use of modern ICT tools were not fully employed for their day to day task execution. Also, only 24% of the respondents agreed to the availability and free access to internet facility in their day to day operations while 64.7% own or have personal access through their owned devices. The challenges enumerated by journalists includes lack of corporate internet access and information, technology hardware and software configurations that are crucial to journalism in new media practice. Hence, it is recommended  media proprietors should provide as part of the work environment, modern facilities to enable journalists discharge their duties in line with international best practices.
Semantic Structure of Verbs ‘Touch’ in Indonesian and Batak Toba Language
Authors: Sianturi Srisofian , . Mulyadi , Br. Sembiring Elita Modesta
Published: January 2020

This study discusses the semantic structures of the verbs “touch” in Indonesian and Batak Toba Language. This study applied the Natural Semantic Metalanguage theory by Wierzbicka. The data were collected through observation and interview methods. The findings are four parts of the verbs “touch” found in Indonesian and Batak Toba Language, they are: a) touch – feel; b) touch – press; c) touch – beat; d) touch – rub. The semantic structures of the verbs “touch” in Indonesian and BTL are mostly similar. However, there are three verbs which are different in the semantic structures, they are: meremas (mamisat) ‘squeeze’, menepuk (manompuk) ‘pat’ and mencubit (manggotil) ‘pinch’. The semantic structure differences in Indonesian and BTL occur because the two societies are distinctive and the different use of the language is diverse.
Scope of Ayurvedic Medicine in Pneumonia Patients Visiting Govt. Hospitals in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hasan Nazmul , Hossain Shurab , Atiqul Haque M.
Published: January 2020

Ayurveda is considered by many scholars to be the oldest healing science and is often called the ‘Mother of all healing’. In this sub-continent, it is one of the ancient health care systems. Nowadays, it is practiced by millions of people in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Tibet, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. In response to the urge of public demand and to achieve the goals of primary health care, the Government of Bangladesh has appointed and posted numbers of Ayurvedic doctors all over Bangladesh. It was due to assay the impact of these recruitments in primary health care as well as in national health services. Aiming this a cross-sectional study was designed to conduct within randomly selected twenty-two centers, approximately covering 35% of each administrative division. This study revealed that roughly 12% of total visiting patients seeking Ayurvedic health service, and among them 7.26% of patients were <5 years old children. A calculative 14.20%, children were suffering from Respiratory Tract Infection (RTI), and of these RTI patients, 42.77% were diagnosed as pneumonia. Bashakarist, Chandramrita rasa, Shwas Kuthar rasa, and Talishadi Churna were prescribed invariably to manage RTIs and pneumonia. This study revealed with such limited manpower of Ayurvedic medical service, it is helping significantly in securing primary health care goals set by the government. The inclusion of more qualified manpower and engaging them in effective training may help the government to conquer the zenith of success in national health services.
Evaluation of Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity of Solanum melongena L. Fruits Aqueous Extract via Monoaminergic and GABAergic Pathway
Authors: Jawaid Talha , Tiwari Nidhi , Kamal Mehnaz , Alkhamees Osama A. , Alaseem Ali M. , Al Shagha Waleed M. , Alsanad Saud M.
Published: January 2020

The current study proposed the in vivo antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of the aqueous extract from Solanum melongena fruits (AESM) in mice. The mice were administered with AESM 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. for anxiolytic (elevated plus maze test (EPMT) and locomotor action), and antidepressant (forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) activities. The possible mechanism of action of Solanum melongena fruits was also analyzed by measuring the level of serotonin (5HT), monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAO-A) and GABA activity in the blood of experimental animals. When mice were treated for seven days with 100 (*** P < 0.01) and 200 mg / kg, AESM p.o. and 2 mg / kg, diazepam p.o. (*** P < 0.001) showed significant increases in the average time expended and the number of entries into the open arms of the EPMT, as compared to control group in dose dependent fashion. However, when mice were treated with standard Imipramine (10 mg/kg) (***P < 0.001), AESM 100 mg/kg (**P < 0.01) and 200 mg/kg (*P < 0.05) after day 7, there was significant reduction in locomotor activity in both TST and FST in dose dependent fashion. Monoamine oxidase - A level in the entire brain of mice were significantly reduced when pretreated with AESM 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o. for 7 days as compared to control group in dose dependent fashion.  The mechanisms of action of antidepressant effect of Solanum melongena fruits extract act by increasing serotonin and also GABA. Moreover, the extract also decreased the MAO-A enzyme in the experimental animals. These results demonstrated that both of these doses. Of aqueous extract from Solanum melongena fruits possess potential antidepressant activities in dose dependent fashion.
Geary's Contiguity Ratio (Geary'sc)
Authors: Hooten Mevin B. , Pugh Sierra , Roland Carl A.
Published: January 2020

Geary's contiguity ratio (i.e., Geary'sc) is used to measure spatial autocorrelation in data with discrete spatial support. Calculation of Geary'scdepends on the observed spatial data and a set of dyadic weights that are generally defined based on the proximity of observations to each other, but can be generalized to accommodate geographic distances among observations and the lengths of shared boundaries for the regions from which the data arise. Geary'sccan be used to test hypotheses about spatial autocorrelation under both parametric and nonparametric assumptions. Also, components of Geary'sccan be used to assess how autocorrelation may vary throughout the spatial domain. We demonstrate the application of Geary'scto assess spatial structure in vegetation data arising from a survey in Alaska, USA, using two different approaches for defining proximity.
HamiltonianMonteCarlo
Authors: Thomas Samuel , Tu Wanzhu
Published: January 2020

Markov chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) is a powerful tool for approximating posterior distributions in Bayesian analysis. Traditional MCMC methods such as the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm often converge at suboptimal rates, especially in higher dimensional parameter spaces. Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) improves the efficiency of the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm using the Hamiltonian equations from classical mechanics to guide posterior sample generation. Theoretically, HMC could reach a perfect acceptance rate under ideal conditions. In practice, the actual acceptance rates tend to be influenced by various numerical factors. In this article, we describe the basic concept and practical implementation of HMC.
Flexible Photodetector Based on 2D Materials: Processing, Architectures, and Applications
Authors: Dong Tao , Simões João , Yang Zhaochu
Published: January 2020

Flexible photodetectors have emerged during the past few years for applications in healthcare, security, and environmental monitoring. Recently, 2D materials have started being implemented as functional layers in flexible photodetector due to their outstanding optoelectronic characteristics paired with high mechanical flexibility. In this work, the authors analyze the progress of 2D material‐based flexible photodetectors architectures, with a focus on graphene family, (Di)chalcogenides and van der Waals heterostructures. The optical and mechanical characteristics of 2D materials flexible photodetectors are systematically analyzed. Furthermore, the processing techniques compatible with flexible substrates and proof‐of‐concept sensors integrating 2D material flexible photodetectors are also reviewed. In the last section, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are discussed, envisioning to support future developments in the field.
Tunable Topological Energy Bands in 2D Dialkali‐Metal Monoxides
Authors: Hua Chenqiang , Li Si , Xu Zhu‐An , Zheng Yi , Yang Shengyuan A. , Lu Yunhao
Published: January 2020

2D materials with nontrivial energy bands are highly desirable for exploring various topological phases of matter, as low dimensionality opens unprecedented opportunities for manipulating the quantum states. Here, it is reported that monolayer (ML) dialkali‐metal monoxides, in the well‐known 2H‐MoS2 type lattice, host multiple symmetry‐protected topological phases with emergent fermions, which can be effectively tuned by strain engineering. Based on first‐principles calculations, it is found that in the equilibrium state, ML Na2O is a 2D double Weyl semimetal, while ML K2O is a 2D pseudospin‐1 metal. These exotic topological states exhibit a range of fascinating effects, including universal optical absorbance, super Klein tunneling, and super collimation effect. By introducing biaxial or uniaxial strain, a series of quantum phase transitions between 2D double Weyl semimetal, 2D Dirac semimetal, 2D pseudospin‐1 metal, and semiconductor phases can be realized. The results suggest monolayer dialkali‐metal monoxides as a promising platform to explore fascinating physical phenomena associated with novel 2D emergent fermions.
Trivalent‐Neodymium Additive Modulated MAPbBr3 Perovskite Nucleation and Growth: Ultrawide Processing Window for One‐Step Fabrication of Efficient Light‐Emitting Perovskites
Authors: Dong Yurong , Zeng Pan , Yu Yan , Xie Yujun , Yang Bilin , Liang Rongqing , Ou Qiongrong , Zhang Shuyu
Published: January 2020

Hybrid metal halide perovskite–based light‐emitting diodes and lasers have demonstrated outstanding performance and currently lead a new trend in the optoelectronic field; however, the widely used one‐step spin‐coating method assisted by an antisolvent suffers from the narrow processing window of antisolvents, which limits its further use in commercial applications. The present work incorporates trivalent‐neodymium ions (Nd3+) into methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite thin films to control nucleation and crystal growth, achieving an ultrabroad processing window of 18 s, significantly larger than the conventional processing window of 3–5 s. A sixfold enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and an excellent stability of at least 8 months in ambient conditions is also demonstrated. The results provide a deeper understanding of the nucleation and growth process of ion‐incorporated perovskites and demonstrate an effective strategy to overcome the narrow processing window limit.
A cyber‐secure control‐detector architecture for nonlinear processes
Authors: Chen Scarlett , Wu Zhe , Christofides Panagiotis D.
Published: January 2020

This work presents a detector‐integrated two‐tier control architecture capable of identifying the presence of various types of cyber‐attacks, and ensuring closed‐loop system stability upon detection of the cyber‐attacks. Working with a general class of nonlinear systems, an upper‐tier Lyapunov‐based Model Predictive Controller (LMPC), using networked sensor measurements to improve closed‐loop performance, is coupled with lower‐tier cyber‐secure explicit feedback controllers to drive a nonlinear multivariable process to its steady state. Although the networked sensor measurements may be vulnerable to cyber‐attacks, the two‐tier control architecture ensures that the process will stay immune to destabilizing malicious cyber‐attacks. Data‐based attack detectors are developed using sensor measurements via machine‐learning methods, namely artificial neural networks (ANN), under nominal and noisy operating conditions, and applied online to a simulated reactor‐reactor‐separator process. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of these detection algorithms in detecting and distinguishing between multiple classes of intelligent cyber‐attacks. Upon successful detection of cyber‐attacks, the two‐tier control architecture allows convenient reconfiguration of the control system to stabilize the process to its operating steady state.
Granular flow in a wedge‐shaped heap: Velocity field, kinematic scalings, and segregation
Authors: Isner Austin B. , Umbanhowar Paul B. , Ottino Julio M. , Lueptow Richard M.
Published: January 2020

Free surface granular flows in bounded axisymmetric geometries are poorly understood. Here, we consider the kinematics and segregation of size‐bidisperse flow in a rising conical heap by characterizing the flow of particles in a wedge‐shaped silo with frictional sidewalls using experiments and discrete‐element‐method simulations. We find that the streamwise velocity is largest at the wedge centerline and decreases near the sidewalls, and that velocity profiles in the depthwise and spanwise directions are self‐similar. For segregating size bidisperse mixtures, the boundary between small and large particles deposited on the heap is significantly further upstream at the sidewalls than at the centerline, indicating that measurements taken at transparent sidewalls of quasi‐2D or wedge‐shaped heaps are unrepresentative of an axisymmetric heap. The streamwise velocity and flowing layer depth locally satisfy the scaling relation of Jop et al (J Fluid Mech. 2005;541:167‐192) when modified to account for the wedge geometry, highlighting the influence of wall friction on the flow.
Other genomic disorders and congenital heart disease
Authors: Lalani Seema R.
Published: January 2020

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the common birth defect worldwide. Despite its recognized burden on public health, the etiology in the vast majority of individuals remains unknown. Chromosomal abnormality plays an important role, frequently observed as large cytogenetically visible rearrangement or small submicroscopic structural variation in the genome. Several genomic disorders are now recognized that are increasingly responsible for CHD with variable penetrance. Single gene disorders, epigenetic alterations, and environmental etiologies are also significant contributors. Our understanding of the genetic basis of CHD has increased exponentially with the escalating use of next generation sequencing to identify ever so small submicroscopic genomic imbalances at the level of coding exons in CHD. This review focuses on genomic disorders other than 22q11.2 deletion, that are major players in the etiology of human cardiac malformations.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Functionalized Alkylzinc Reagents with (Hetero)Aryl Halides
Authors: Lutter Ferdinand H. , Grokenberger Lucie , Spieß Philipp , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2020

A combination of 10 % CoCl2 and 20 % 2,2′‐bipyridine ligands enables cross‐coupling of functionalized primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents with various (hetero)aryl halides. Couplings with 1,3‐ and 1,4‐substituted cycloalkylzinc reagents proceeded diastereoselectively leading to functionalized heterocycles with high diastereoselectivities of up to 98:2. Furthermore, alkynyl bromides react with primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents providing the alkylated alkynes.
A Bio‐inspired Nano‐pocket Spatial Structure for Targeting Uranyl Capture
Authors: Yuan Yihui , Feng Shiwei , Feng Lijuan , Yu Qiuhan , Liu Tingting , Wang Ning
Published: January 2020

Biology has evolved excellent spatial structures for high‐selectivity and high‐affinity capture of heavy metals. Inspired by the spatial structure of the superb‐uranyl binding protein SUP, we mimic the spatial structure of SUP in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The MOF UiO‐66‐3C4N fabricated by introducing 4‐aminoisophthalic acid into UiO‐66 shows high uranyl adsorption capacity both in simulated seawater and in natural seawater. In natural seawater, UiO‐66‐3C4N exhibits 17.03 times higher uranium extraction capacity than that of vanadium, indicating the high selectivity of the adsorbent. The EXAFS analysis and DFT calculation reveal that UiO‐66‐3C4N forms smaller nano‐pocket for uranyl capture than that of SUP protein, which can both restrict the entrance of the other interfering ions with larger size and reinforce the binding by increasing the coordination interaction, and therefore qualify the nano‐pocket with high affinity and high selectivity to uranyl.
Polymer melt differential electrospinning from a linear slot spinneret
Authors: Chen Mingjun , Zhang Youchen , Chen Xiaoqing , Yang Weimin , Li Haoyi , Yousefzadeh Maryam , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: January 2020

Preparation of melt electrospun fibers with high efficiency and high productivity remains a big challenge. A polymer melt differential electrospinning system with linear slot spinneret (LSSP) was proposed in this work. Under a high electric field, multiple jets distributed at the tip of LSSP were self‐organized from the polymer melt film with controlled thickness. The spinning parameters were investigated, and the electric filed between spinneret and collector was analyzed. The results showed that the interjet distance decreased significantly with the decrease of the thickness of polymer melt film and the Tayler cone size. The smallest average interjet distance of 1.9 mm with deviation of 0.5 mm was obtained under the condition of applied voltage of 45 kV, collecting distance of 9 cm, temperature of 250 °C, and slot thickness of 0.2 mm. The high output of 75.6 g/h was achieved and could be increased just by increasing the slot width. It was demonstrated that the proposed technology was a promising way to fabricate melt electrospun fibers with high efficiency. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48922.