bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressee as a key factor of courtroom discourse production
Authors: Krapivkina Olga , Kolesnikova Kseniya , Borisovskaya Irina , Taranova Elena
Published: October 2019

The article analyses the role of the addressee as a factor determining discourses of legal professionals. The important role of this factor makes it necessary to account for the effect of the addressee on discourse production, identify linguistic and cognitive mechanisms optimizing communicative interaction of the addresser and the addressee in the courtroom. The focus on the addressee, addressee’s phenomenological experience and knowledge makes legal discursive practices dialogical, and intensifies their interactive characteristics. Special attention is paid to the linguistic cognitive mechanism “transition from the term to the notion” which allows for formation of the shared interpretation context when professionals interact with lay persons in the courtroom setting. Clarity of judicial speeches depends on the ability of the speaker to switch from the professional code to the language of lay people, define legal terms through lay concepts. The novelty of the research is due to the choice of the research trajectory which is based on the issue of the addressee for producing courtroom discourses. The article concludes that the perlocutionary effect of the communication depends on the ability of the speaker to accommodate to lay participants, to the knowledge and expectations of the lay audience.
The paradoxes of masculine socialization: from patriarchy to gender-role conflict
Authors: Kononova T.M. , Akulich E.M. , Lazareva O.P. , Siteva S.S.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the causes and problems of masculine socialization and the transformation of gender roles in the society. These processes are analyzed in the interaction of men and women. The authors point out that the gender culture of the society is also being changed. They emphasize the necessity of gender analysis of family, education, employment, political institutions, and the identification of changes in the gender order in the country. This analysis is determined by new trends in the system of life strategies and value orientations of women
The effect of inflation on welfare of the population and Russian market capacity
Authors: Alla Leonidova
Published: October 2019

The material basis of welfare of the population is its income. However, the inflation negatively affects current incomes of the population and market capacity determined by the value of current incomes. Given the variable dynamics of inflation, it is necessary to evaluate its impact on household incomes and market capacity using the accumulated inflation rate with a scientifically based reference point. This calculation option will allow us to determine the dynamics of real average per capita incomes and market capacity calculated in constant prices of the reference point, assess the problem and its impact on the economic development. The low level of real per capita incomes and their negative dynamics are aggravated by loans of the population which reduce the market capacity and make the domestic market less attractive for manufacturers.
Modernization of academic mobility in the period of digitalization of education
Authors: Sulimin Vladimir , Shvedov Vladislav , Lvova Maya
Published: October 2019

The issue of academic mobility is one of the most important global challenges during the digitalization of education. In particular, it is important to identify methods and tools that meet international requirements. The issue of increasing the effectiveness of the organizational mechanism of academic mobility is acute in the law “On Education in the Russian Federation.” The main goal is to increase academic mobility and efficiency of mobility in the labor market. The article analyzes the state of development of academic mobility, defines the essence of this period, identifies the types and objectives of academic mobility. The author considers the weaknesses of the documents regulating the problem of a substantiates the necessity and expediency of the development of academic mobility in terms of the impact on the country's economy, and in terms of improving the quality of education.
Social engineering in the context of ensuring information security
Authors: Mamedova Natalia , Urintsov Arkadiy , Staroverova Olga , Ivanov Evgeniy , Galahov Dmitriy
Published: October 2019

The paper presents the main key features of social engineering and a social engineer activity. Emphasis is placed on the study of social engineering techniques in the system of human-machine interaction used to implement the illegal (malicious) manipulation of human behavior patterns. The matrix of social engineering qualification criteria and the map of information security risks caused by social engineer actions were built.
The introduction of digital technologies in the educational process of training lawyers
Authors: Mironova Svetlana , Bogdanova Tamara , Simonova Svetlana
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the problems of introducing digital technologies in the educational process of training lawyers. The authors' team examines the history of the development of LegalTech in the Russian Federation and abroad, examines questions about the use of information technology in the training of lawyers, the requirements for modern lawyers and what skills they should possess, the requirements for modern teachers and teaching methods. The article reviews the university programs of higher education, as well as additional education (advanced training), aimed at studying digital technologies, and also examines information products aimed at improving the quality of work of lawyers offered by other organizations. The problems of digitalization of education and the introduction of information technologies in the educational process are identified and ways of their solution are outlined. The results of the study are practically relevant for the government, universities and educational centers, engaged in improving the education of lawyers.
On the Analysis of Youth Slang as one of the Subsystems of Modern Russian and English Languages
Authors: Sheshukova Svetlana , Lapitskaja Svetlana , Proudchenko Elena
Published: October 2019

Slang is an essential element of culture. Learning a foreign language is inextricably linked with the study of the culture of native speakers. Teaching slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in foreign language classes contributes to the students' vocabulary, understanding informal speech patterns found in media texts and everyday communication with native speakers, developing speaking and listening skills. As a rule, at a foreign language class, students improve their listening, reading, speaking and writing skills through various study materials. Even with these skills, you can fail to communicate with native speakers, read magazines, watch television programmes and travel to foreign countries. The paper discusses the possibility of teaching slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in a foreign language class at a technical university. To substantiate the need to study slang, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs, the authors attempted to find out how the youth slang is formed and the reasons for its functioning. Youth slang in modern Russian and English languages has been compared and analyzed.
Analyses of the effectiveness of management of national educational systems by the example of the experience of leading countries
Authors: Pryadko Svetlana , Tkhorikov Boris , Vinnik Alina , Dolinsky Nikolai
Published: October 2019

The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of management of national educational systems by the example of the North American, European and Scandinavian models of higher education as the most successful in accordance with the data of leading world rankings. The study took place in two stages. At the first stage, the main factors affecting the efficiency and competitiveness of the educational system were ranked, such as: high government spending on the education system, continuous increase in accessibility of higher education for the population, ensuring high quality educational services, export orientation, and others. At the second stage of the study, a system of indicators was formed to evaluate the effectiveness of managing national educational systems, which are presented by the example of the leading countries - representatives of the North American, European and Scandinavian models of higher education (the USA, the UK and Sweden). In addition to quantitative indicators, such as the number of students or government spending on education, which may have a rather large variation of values, since they are related to objective parameters: the total population of a country or occupied territories. We also identified quality indicators: mobility ratios, enrollment in higher education, etc.
The workbook “Adaptation in the labor market”: development and use in training bachelor students
Authors: Shalaeva M.V.
Published: October 2019

The experience of development and use of the workbook “Adaptation in the labor market” as a mechanism to increase the effectiveness of independent work of bachelor students is described. The workbook used for extracurricular and classroom activities allows students to form required competencies, individualizes and differentiates the learning process, motivates the self-development and self-education, develops reflection skills and creative abilities. As a result of mastering the discipline “Adaptation in the labor market” using the workbook, students develop clearer ideas about requirements of the modern labor market, professional environment, the need for continuous self-development and self-education, which positively affects their readiness for professional activities and labor functions that meet the requirements of a modern employer
Wellness Brand in Personal Internet-blogs and Social Networks
Authors: Sidorova Irina G.
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the brand of ‘wellness' on the basis of hypertexts of personal Internet communication. The author focuses on wellness-concept branding in Russian and English texts of personal blogs and social networks. The author has concluded that the hypertextual medium of personal Internet discourse is an efficient genre platform to influence the targeted audience, to make a search for wellness followers, having simple, convenient and necessary tools to promote the healthy life style, to increase the number of clients of health centres, spa and fitness centres and wellness-industry, in general.
The Inner Image of Russian Color Term черньӀй (Black) (Experimental Study)
Authors: Tanygina Elena
Published: October 2019

The article deals with the description of the method of investigating main features of color terms inner image in the consciousness of the bearers of modern Russian culture by the example of Russian color term черньӀй [chernyj] (black).The theoretical basis of the study is A.A. Zalevskaya's conception of individual knowledge and Sharifian's conception of distributed emergent cultural cognition. The complex approach to the study of color terms using psycholinguistic methods and methods of statistical data processing is shown in the article.The following techniques are used:the association experiment, the semantic differential, the factor analysis.This research study was performed at Southwest State University in Kursk (Russia). The experiment showed that there is a connection between individual and cultural knowledge in the process of color terms' inner image formation.
The role of gender in the formation of Anglo-American legal terminology
Authors: Volgina Elena , Ilyicheva Elena , Kalinichenko Elina , Lanina Anna , Polyakova Victoria
Published: October 2019

The various elements of the gender system have an impact on specialized areas of the language. Legal terminology is no exception, since the law covers almost all spheres of society. The interdisciplinary nature of gender studies has led to the demand for linguistic competence to study the gender construct, which has given rise to an independent discipline – linguistic genderology. In this regard, the problem of the influence of extralinguistic factors on the formation of legal terminology is relevant. In this paper linguistic research is conducted, within the framework of which Anglo-American legal terminology and its formation under the influence of gender factors are considered. The role of extra-linguistic factors in the formation of legal terms has been determined, the extra-linguistic factors affecting the gender markedness of the form and content of legal concepts have been identified. The method of continuous viewing of English legal texts, as well as English legal dictionaries, revealed gender-marked English-American legal terms and terminological concepts. The result of the study was the definition of a gender factor as a backbone for the Anglo-American legal terminology.
Pedagogical rehabilitation of syllogomania as a type of deviant behavior of senior citizens
Authors: Mosina Oksana , Us Oksana , Lakreeva Anna
Published: October 2019

Syllogomania is a deviant behavior recognized as socially dangerous, since gathering turns the territory of a syllogoman into a dump of unnecessary things. Unsanitary conditions are difficult to be eliminated. The pathological gathering is studied by psychologists and medical psychiatrists. The research subject is behavioral deviations in old age associated with personality characteristics of the syllogoman; situations that initiated the development of this deviant behavior were described, the reasons for the development of syllogomania and the role of old things for elderly persons were analyzed. Recommendations for implementing pedagogical rehabilitation measures for elderly people prone to pathological gathering were given. The main task of pedagogical activities is reintegration of the elderly syllogoman into society, restoration of lost ties and resocialization. The leading areas of rehabilitation are restoration of the social status, family and social rights and obligations, self-care and hygiene skills, medical work.
Structural characteristics of discourse communication
Authors: Zubkova Yana Vladimirovna , Kirillova Inna Konstantinovna
Published: October 2019

At the present paper the aspects of linguistic consciousness and communicative behaviour are discussed. Some likeness between the concepts reflected in linguistic consciousness and the scripts reflected in communicative behaviour are described. Valuable components are expressed in the text through inner composition meaning, determined by the stereotypes as well as through the image of the situation (the setup) and the succession of communicative steps - the scenes (the scenario). According to the axiological linguistics communicative behaviour can be represented as a multifayer formation with the following components: meaning, set up, scenario, script. An example of communicative behaviour of lecture participants in the academic discourse is given. The typical actions of participants in the communication are based on the situation and determined by their cultural values.
Improving the methodological tools for assessing the contribution of the innovation and investment component to increase the cost of high-tech business
Authors: Doroshenko Yury , Malykhina Irina , Somina Irina , Maria Starikova
Published: October 2019

Relevance of the research topic is due to the specificity and growing strategic importance of the development of high-tech industry, the production of high-tech products, as well as the desire of business owners to constantly increase its value. The main problems and prospects for the intensification of innovation in terms of its impact on the speed and quality of its development are reviewed. The essential characteristics of innovation and investment activity are analyzed, the progressiveness of the stages of functioning of the subjects of the innovation and investment process, united by a common goal, is revealed. Contributed by the author to the definition of high-tech business. Analyzed the main methodological approaches to assessing the value of the business. The factors that have the greatest influence on the formation of conditions for increasing the cost of high-tech business have been studied. The methodological tools for assessing the contribution of the innovation and investment component to the increase in the value of the high-tech business have been improved. The nature of the relationship and interdependence of two types of activity: innovation and investment, as well as opportunities for the development of high-tech business and the growth of its value are analyzed.
Machine Learning Ethics in the Context of Justice Intuition
Authors: Mamedova Natalia , Urintsov Arkadiy , Komleva Nina , Staroverova Olga , Fedorov Boris
Published: October 2019

The article considers the ethics of machine learning in connection with such categories of social philosophy as justice, conviction, value. The ethics of machine learning is presented as a special case of a mathematical model of a dilemma – whether it corresponds to the “learning” algorithm of the intuition of justice or not. It has been established that the use of machine learning for decision making has a prospect only within the limits of the intuition of justice field based on fair algorithms. It is proposed to determine the effectiveness of the decision, considering the ethical component and given ethical restrictions. The cyclical nature of the relationship between the algorithmic algorithms subprocesses in machine learning and the stages of conducting mining analysis projects using the CRISP methodology has been established. The value of ethical constraints for each of the algorithmic processes has been determined. The provisions of the Theory of System Restriction are applied to find a way to measure the effect of ethical restrictions on the “learning” algorithm
Kaliberreduktion der A. ophthalmica in der Magnetresonanzangiografie bei Patienten nach retinalen arteriellen Verschlüssen
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Zandieh Shahin , Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund Retinale arterielle Verschlüsse (RAO) werden durch embolische Verschlüsse der retinalen Arterien verursacht. Ein Schlaganfall in der Anamnese wird bei bis zu 20% der Patienten beschrieben. In einer Blutflusssimulation anhand einer Magnetresonanztomografieaufnahme eines Patienten mit RAO gingen 90% der aszendierenden Emboli mit dem Blutstrom in die Hirnarterien. Andere embolische Quellen, wie arterielle Plaques in der A. ophthalmica, kommen daher auch als mögliche Ursachen für RAO infrage. Ziel der Studie war, Kaliberreduktionen der A. ophthalmica in der Magnetresonanzangiografie (MRA) zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methoden Eine prospektive Fallserie von 9 Patienten mit neu diagnostizierter RAO, die in der Ambulanz erstvorgestellt wurden. Eine MRA des Gehirns mit Einschluss der A. ophthalmica und des Karotissiphons wurde bei allen Patienten durchgeführt und von einem erfahrenen Neuroradiologen beurteilt.

Ergebnisse Vier von 9 Patienten (44,4%) hatten eine Kaliberreduktion in der A. ophthalmica, 2 nur auf der Seite der RAO und die anderen 2 bilateral. Einer dieser Patienten hatte auch eine hochgradige Karotisstenose, die sowohl in der MRA als auch Karotissonografie gezeigt werden konnte. In der Kontrollgruppe wurden keine Kaliberreduktionen der A. ophthalmica diagnostiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Kaliberreduktionen der A. ophthalmica sind in der MRA bei etwa der Hälfte der Patienten mit RAO diagnostizierbar und weisen auf stenookklusive Veränderungen der A. ophthalmica als mögliche Thrombosequelle für RAO hin.
OP-Vorbereitung
Authors: Zander Sabine
Published: October 2019

Ein wesentlicher Faktor, um die Sicherheit des Patienten im OP zu gewährleisten, ist die gewissenhafte und standardisierte OP-Vorbereitung. Was Sie dabei beachten sollten, erklären wir Ihnen im 2. Teil unserer Serie „Standards im OP“.
Balance finden im Berufsalltag
Authors: Welk Ina
Published: October 2019

Fühlen Sie sich häufig überarbeitet, gestresst und ausgebrannt? Dann könnte es sein, dass dies die ersten Anzeichen eines Burn-outs sind. Wie Sie es erkennen und welche Strategien es gibt, um möglichst frühzeitig gegenzusteuern, lesen Sie in unserem Schwerpunkt.
A Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Dabigatran Etexilate, Total Dabigatran, and Unconjugated Dabigatran Following the Administration of Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate Capsules in Healthy Male and Female Subjects
Authors: Bouhajib Mohammed , Tayab Zia
Published: October 2019

Purpose Due to bioanalytical limitations it was previously not possible to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran etexilate. We have developed validated methods to assay dabigatran etexilate, unconjugated dabigatran, and total dabigatran that will allow for a complete investigation into the pharmacokinetics of dabigatran etexilate mesylate. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of these analytes in healthy subjects.

Methods This was an open-label, single-dose, one-period, one-treatment study. A single oral dose of dabigatran etexilate mesylate capsule containing the equivalent of 150 mg dabigatran etexilate was administered to each subject. A total of 23 blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected and analyzed from each subject. Safety and tolerability were monitored throughout the study.

Results Eighteen healthy subjects were enrolled, dosed, and completed the study. The dabigatran etexilate mean Cmax was 6.9±5.63 ng/mL, the median Tmax was 0.67 h (range=0.50–1.00 h), the mean AUCt was 5.32±4.82 ng/mL·h, the mean AUCinf was 5.36±4.83 pg/mL*h, and the mean t1/2 was 0.54±0.26 h. Only one subject experienced an adverse event.

Conclusion Using validated bioanalytical methods, a complete characterization of dabigatran etexilate, total dabigatran, and unconjugated dabigatran pharmacokinetics was achieved. Advancements in the development of new more accurate, specific, and sensitive validated bioanalytical methods such as these enable for a complete understanding of the drug’s pharmacokinetics and this, in turn, can have an impact on both the drug development and the evaluation of generic formulations.
30.1.1.3 Acyclic O,N-Acetals (Update 2019)
Authors: Minakata S. , Kiyokawa K.
Published: October 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 30.1.1), which describes synthetic methods and applications of acyclic O,N-acetals in organic synthesis. This update focuses on the enantioselective synthesis of acyclic O,N-acetals via asymmetric catalysis, which has witnessed significant advances in recent years. Also, recent applications of this class of compound in asymmetric organic synthesis are described.
33.1.13.3 2,3-Dihydrothiophenes and Derivatives (Update 2019)
Authors: Witt D.
Published: October 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 33.1.13) describing methods for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrothiophenes and their derivatives. The most common routes to 2,3-dihydrothiophenes involve ring-closing reactions, ring transformations, elimination processes, and elaboration of substituents attached to the 2,3-dihydrothiophene ring. The applications of 2,3-dihydrothiophenes and derivatives in organic synthesis are also included.
37.4.1.7 Synthesis of Five-Membered and Larger-Ring Oxacycloalk-3-enes by Ring-Closure Reactions, Except Ring-Closing Metathesis (Update 2019)
Authors: Zhang Z. , Tong R.
Published: October 2019

This chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 37.4.1), describing the synthesis of five-, six-, seven-, eight-, and ten-membered cyclic ethers with a double-bond at C3 (namely, oxacycloalk-3-enes). This update is focused on oxacyclization (C—O bond formation) approaches developed and published in the period 2007–2018.
Rapid mapping of a chlorina mutant gene cn-A1 in hexaploid wheat by bulked segregant analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays
Authors: Jiang H. B. , Wang N. , Jian J. T. , Wang C. S. , Xie Y. Z.
Published: October 2019

The yellow–green leaf mutant can be exploited in photosynthesis and plant development research. A Triticum aestivum mutant with the chlorina phenotype, here called B23, was produced by treatment with the chemical mutagen sodium azide. This B23 mutant showed significantly lower chlorophyll content than wild-type Saannong33, and its chloroplast structure was abnormal. All its yield-related traits, except for the number of spikes per plant, were also significantly decreased. Genetic analysis confirmed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene, here designated cn-A1. Using bulked segregant analysis and the wheat 660K single nucleotide polymorphism array, the cn-A1 gene was mapped to chromosome 7AL, and 11 polymorphic markers were developed. Further analysis showed that cn-A1 was located in a 1.1-cM genetic region flanked by Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers 660K-7A12 and 660K-7A20, which corresponded to a physical interval of 3.48 Mb in T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring chromosome 7AL containing 47 predicted genes with high confidence. These results are expected to accelerate the process of cloning the cn-A1 gene and facilitate understanding of the mechanisms underlying chlorophyll metabolism and chloroplast development in wheat.
A small molecule protects mitochondrial integrity by inhibiting mTOR activity
Authors: Cao Ran , Li Li , Ying Zhengxin , Cao Zichen , Ma Yongfen , Mao Xiaoxu , Li Jiaojiao , Qi Xiangbing , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Xiaodong
Published: October 2019

Apoptosis activation by cytochrome
c
release from mitochondria to cytosol is a normal cellular response to mitochondrial damage. Using cellular apoptosis assay, we have found small-molecule apoptosis inhibitors that protect cells from mitochondrial damage. Previously, we reported the discovery of a small molecule, Compound A, which blocks dopaminergic neuron death in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease through targeting succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) of complex II to protect the integrity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Here, we report a small molecule, Compound R6, which saves cells from apoptosis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated induction of autophagy. Additionally, we show that Compound R6 protects mitochondrial integrity and respiration after induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Encouragingly, and supporting the potential further application of Compound R6 as a tool for basic and medicinal research, a pharmacokinetics (PK) profiling study showed that Compound R6 is metabolically stable and can pass the blood−brain barrier. Moreover, Compound R6 accumulates in the brain of test animals via intravenous and intraperitoneal administration. Finally, we found that Compound R6 confers significant neuroprotective effects on a rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model, demonstrating its potential as a promising drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
Mitigating climate impacts on crop production via symbiosis.
Authors: Rodriguez R. , Baird A. , Cho Sang Cho Sang , Gray Z. , Groover E. , Harto R. , Hsieh M. , Malmberg K. , Manglona R. , Mercer M. , Nasman N. , Nicklason T. , Rienstra M. , Inwegen A. van , VanHooser A. , Redman R.
Published: October 2019

All plants in natural ecosystems are thought to be symbiotic with mutualistic fungal endophytes that can significantly improve plant fitness by enhancing root growth, fertility, nutrient acquisition and biotic or abiotic stress tolerance. Recently, Adaptive Symbiotic Technologies developed the product line BioEnsure® comprised of fungal endophytes that confer abiotic stress tolerance (drought, temperature, salinity) to food crops (www.adsymtech.com). These endophytes communicate similarly with monocots and eudicots to enhance crop production on marginal lands and mitigate the impacts of high daytime or nighttime temperatures on crop fertilization. Yield benefits in endophyte-colonized plants are remarkable and directly proportional to stress levels with average yield increases of 3-5% above control plants under low stress and >26% under high stress. The relationship between stress and yield enhancement was best exemplified in Rajasthan, India, where BioEnsure®-treated pearl millet and mung bean seeds were provided to 400 small landholding farmers. Under the hot, dry growing conditions that are typical in Rajasthan, the average yield increases were 29% for pearl millet and 64% for mung bean compared to untreated plants. This demonstrated the power of this technology to increase food security, animal fodder, carry-over seed and revenues. Interest in the USA is growing with BioEnsure®-treated seeds planted in 300,000 acres in 2017 and 900,000 acres in 2018, and >2,000,000 acres are projected for 2019.
Endophytes as novel pest control agents: myth or reality?
Authors: Gange A. C. , Currie A. F. , Spong J. R.
Published: October 2019

Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous in nature and their potential for pest control in grassland systems is well understood. However, their role as novel pest control agents in herbaceous crops is far less clear. These fungi can be broadly split into two groups: unspecialized species (including saprotrophs and latent pathogens) and entomopathogens. The literature on the interactions of these fungi with herbivorous insects is biased towards studies in a few plant families and with a few insect species. This fact notwithstanding, we suggest that infection of plants by these fungi elicits dramatic chemical changes within their hosts, which have the potential to reduce insect and pathogen attack. However, the effects of fungal infection on insects are context-specific, being influenced by the identity of the insect and plant, the existing community of fungi within a plant, the habitat in which it is growing and the plant age. Unspecialized endophytes can reduce the performance of sucking insects, but effects are only seen when seeds are inoculated. This result may reflect poor experimental technique but corresponds well to fungal biology, as these endophytes can be transmitted through seeds from one plant generation to the next. Endophytic entomopathogens show more consistent detrimental effects on insects and plant pathogens and can even provide growth benefits in the absence of antagonists. We conclude that a better understanding of the biochemical and molecular changes elicited by endophytes in plants is required, so that these can be harnessed in future pest control strategies. Endophytes will not replace conventional pesticides in the near future, but could be incorporated into future integrated control programmes, thereby reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals.
Bioprospecting of endophytes.
Authors: Ebrahim W. , Ebada S. S. , Proksch P.
Published: October 2019

Endophytic microorganisms constitute a prolific source of bioactive compounds mainly in the field of antineoplastic compounds and anti-infective agents. This chapter provides an overview on bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytes that were reported within the last five years (2013-2018), highlighting their often-unique chemical structures and/or their mechanism(s) of action.
A quantal code for touch intensity in C. elegans
Authors: Perks Katherine M. , Pierce Jonathan T.
Published: October 2019

Perks and Pierce consider a new study in worms showing that touch intensity is encoded by the quantal activity of mechanoreceptors.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Exon 2 Leptin Gene of Pasundan Cattle
Authors: Hilmia N , Rahmat D , Dudi  , Hadi D N
Published: October 2019

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on exon 2 of leptin gene which changes encoding from Arginine to Cysteine could change the function of Leptin as an obese gene which regulated feed intake and energy expenditure. The aims to analyze point mutation based on SNP exon 2 of Leptin gene of Pasundan cattle. This research used 49 DNA of Pasundan cattle from BPPT SP Cijeungjing. Multiplication of DNA was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Analyze of SNP on exon 2 Leptin gene based on nucleotide sequence from direct sequencing of PCR product which was alligned with leptin gene sequence from gene bank using Bioedit and MEGA 5.2 program. The results showed nucleotide sequence of exon 2 Leptin gene in Pasundan cattle is different from Leptin gene sequence of Bos indicus and Bos taurus. It was found one synonymous SNP that did not change amino acids Serine encoding on S17S, and two non-synonymous SNP which altered amino acids encoding, i.e R25C and R25H. In Pasundan cattle, the frequency of C allele (42.86%) was higher than A allele (31.64%) and T allele (25.50%). Six genotypes were identified i.e. CC (24.49%), CT (32.65%), CA (4.08%), TT (8.16%) and TA (2.05 %), AA (28.57%).
Non-Destructive Method for Predicting Sapodilla Fruit Quality Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Kusumiyati  , Mubarok S , Sutari W , Farida  , Hamdani J S , Hadiwijaya Y , Putri I E
Published: October 2019

The non-destructive method was used to predict the moisture content, firmness, total dissolved solids, and color values (including L*, a*, b*, h⊘ and C*) of sapodilla fruit using near infrared spectroscopy with wavelength of 312 - 1050 nm. Irradiated and measured sapodilla samples were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) algorithm of multivariate calibration technique to build the calibration models. Validation analysis was performed to build validation models and verify the calibration models. The accuracy of the validation models were defined by the ratio performance deviation (RPD) and root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP) values on each parameters. The RPD and RMSEP values of moisture content, firmness, total dissolved solids, L*, a*, b*, h⊘ and C* were 1.35 (0.01), 3.82 (2.08), 2.04 (1.70), 3.32 (1.30), 3.20 (0.82), 3.41 (1.38), 3.64 (2.03) and 3.11 (1.32), respectively. The results showed that nondestructive method using near infrared spectroscopy was able predict the quality of sapodilla fruit with high accuracy and low error.
The Determinant Factors of The Dynamics of Agribusiness Behavior of the Mango Farmers in Greged Sub District, Cirebon District
Authors: Rasmikayati E , Mukti G W , Saefudin B R
Published: October 2019

Cirebon has already been known as one of the mango-producing areas. However, until now, mango agribusiness in the area has not been able to maintain the quality and guarantee the availability of mangoes throughout the year. The problem was caused by the dynamic behavior of the farmers. This indicated that the development of mango agribusiness in the era of globalization should be based on the improvement of agribusiness behavior of mango farmers. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the factors that determine the improvement of agribusiness behavior of mango farmers. The research method employed in this research was survey technique in Greged district of Cirebon regency using simple random sampling technique involving 130 mango farmers. Data were analyzed using path analysis. The results of the study showed that the most powerful factors in improving agribusiness behavior of mango farmers were resource factor (9.2%), institutional factor (8.2%), cultural factor (7%) and technological factor (4.8%). This indicated that the development of sustainable mango agribusiness model in Greged district of Cirebon Regency should be focused on optimizing its resources, increasing its institutional role, preserving the mango cultivation of its farmers and increasing the role of the use of mango farming technology.
Research on applications of phase change materials in solar cell thermal control
Authors: Yang Y H , He Y T , Xiao L X
Published: October 2019

In order to grasp the characteristics of phase change material (PCM) in solar cell thermal control, a two-dimensional thermal control structure model of PV/PCM solar cell thermal control system was established, and study was conducted on influence of PCM phase change temperature, thermal conductivity, latent heat value, etc. on the temperature control characteristics of solar cells. The results show that PCM phase change temperature, thermal conductivity, latent heat value will affect solar cell temperature control characteristics in varying degrees. At the same time, thermal control characteristics of PCM are greatly affected by environmental meteorological conditions (solar irradiance, ambient temperature). The research results provide a reference for optimization design of PV/PCM solar cell thermal control system.
Outlier detection for on-line monitoring data of transformer based on wavelet transform and weighted LOF
Authors: Qin J F , Yang Y , Du H Y , Hong Z J
Published: October 2019

Power transformers are one of the core equipment in the power grid, so it is of great significance to guarantee transformers’ normal operation. By analyzing the dissolved gas content in transformer oil, we can monitor the operation of the power transformer. However, usually there are outliers in the data generated using the on-line monitoring system. In this paper, we propose a new outlier detection method based on wavelet transform and local outlier factor (LOF) algorithm. Using wavelet transform, we get the high dimensional representation of the original data in frequency domain, and by adding the weighted LOF (WLOF), we can identify outliers in high dimensional data set. Furthermore, we use the sliding window method to improve the efficiency of the algorithm, and achieve transformer oil on-line outlier detection efficiently. The experimental results on transformer data from several power transformers indicate that this algorithm can identify the outliers that exceed the threshold value, as well as the oscillations due to fluctuations in gas content. This can help achieve initial diagnosis of transformer oil on-line monitoring system rapidly.
CD177 Enhances the Detection of Myelodysplastic Syndrome by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Alayed Khaled , Meyerson Jeremy B , Osei Ebenezer S , Blidaru Georgeta , Schlegelmilch June , Johnson Michael , Meyerson Howard J
Published: October 2019

Objectives

Previously we demonstrated that a decreased percentage of CD177-positive granulocytes detected by flow cytometry (FCM) was associated with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Here we expand on those findings to more rigorously evaluate the utility of CD177 for the detection of MDS.

Methods

Two hundred patient samples (100 MDS and 100 controls) were evaluated for granulocyte expression of CD177 and 11 other flow cytometric parameters known to be associated with MDS.

Results

We show that CD177, as a single analyte, is highly correlated with MDS with a receiver operating characteristic area under curve value of 0.8. CD177 expression below 30% demonstrated a sensitivity of 51% and a specificity of 94% for detecting MDS with a positive predictive value of 89.5%. In multivariate analysis of 12 MDS-associated FCM metrics, CD177 and the Ogata parameters were significant indicators of MDS, and CD177 increased sensitivity of the Ogata score by 16% (63%-79%) for predicting MDS. Finally, diagnostic criteria incorporating these parameters with a 1% blast cutoff level and CD177 resulted in a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 91% for detecting MDS.

Conclusions

The findings indicate CD177 is a useful FCM marker for MDS.
Anaesthesia with diethyl ether impairs jasmonate signalling in the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)
Authors: Pavlovič Andrej , Libiaková Michaela , Bokor Boris , Jakšová Jana , Petřík Ivan , Novák Ondřej , Baluška František
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims

General anaesthetics are compounds that induce loss of responsiveness to environmental stimuli in animals and humans. The primary site of action of general anaesthetics is the nervous system, where anaesthetics inhibit neuronal transmission. Although plants do not have neurons, they generate electrical signals in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated the effect of the general volatile anaesthetic diethyl ether on the ability to sense potential prey or herbivore attacks in the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula).

Methods

We monitored trap movement, electrical signalling, phytohormone accumulation and gene expression in response to the mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs and wounding under diethyl ether treatment.

Key Results

Diethyl ether completely inhibited the generation of action potentials and trap closing reactions, which were easily and rapidly restored when the anaesthetic was removed. Diethyl ether also inhibited the later response: jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation and expression of JA-responsive genes (cysteine protease dionain and type I chitinase). However, external application of JA bypassed the inhibited action potentials and restored gene expression under diethyl ether anaesthesia, indicating that downstream reactions from JA are not inhibited.

Conclusions

The Venus flytrap cannot sense prey or a herbivore attack under diethyl ether treatment caused by inhibited action potentials, and the JA signalling pathway as a consequence.
Consistency for the tree bootstrap in respondent-driven sampling
Authors: Green A K B , McCormick T H , Raftery A E
Published: October 2019

Respondent-driven sampling is an approach for estimating features of populations that are difficult to access using standard survey tools, e.g., the fraction of injection drug users who are HIV positive. Baraff et al. (2016) introduced an approach to estimating uncertainty in population proportion estimates from respondent-driven sampling using the tree bootstrap method. In this paper we establish the consistency of this tree bootstrap approach in the case of $m$-trees.
Children in Care: Exploitation, Offending and the Denial of Victimhood in a Prosecution-led Culture of Practice
Authors: Shaw Julie , Greenhow Sarah
Published: October 2019

The following article reports upon recent research, which explored the perceptions of professionals of the issues that affect the sexual and criminal exploitation of children in care, along with a discussion of the effectiveness of current responses to these issues and the challenges that professionals face. The study utilised focus groups and semi-structured interviews to gain the perspectives of thirty-six participants from across a range of agencies involved in children’s social work and youth justice from an area in the north-west of England. The findings echoed previous research by suggesting that for a number of reasons connected to their ‘looked-after’ status and deficiencies within the care system, children are particularly vulnerable to exploitation. Although attempts are being made to develop co-ordinated responses to safeguarding, there is still a long way to go in terms of focusing on vulnerability instead of a prosecution-led approach when offending occurs as a result of exploitation. It is argued how in order to ensure that good, innovative practice becomes ‘standard’ practice; further legislation is required in tandem with a greater degree of education surrounding exploitation and the dynamics inherent in these offences.
Impact of Hormonal Contraceptives on Cervical T-helper 17 Phenotype and Function in Adolescents: Results from a Randomized, Crossover Study Comparing Long-acting Injectable Norethisterone Oenanthate (NET-EN), Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills, and Combined Contraceptive Vaginal Rings
Authors: Konstantinus Iyaloo N , Balle Christina , Jaumdally Shameem Z , Galmieldien Hoyam , Pidwell Tanya , Masson Lindi , Tanko Ramla F , Happel Anna-Ursula , Sinkala Musalula , Myer Landon , Bosinger Steven E , Gill Katherine , Bekker Linda-Gail , Jaspan Heather B , Passmore Jo-Ann S
Published: October 2019

Background

Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and unintended pregnancies. Observational studies suggest that injectable hormonal contraceptives (HCs) increase the HIV risk, although their effects on genital inflammation, particularly HIV-susceptible T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, are unknown. In a randomized crossover study, the effect of injectable norethisterone oenanthate (NET-EN), combined contraceptive vaginal rings (CCVR; NuvaRing), and combined oral contraceptive pills (COCPs) on cervical Th17 cells and cytokines were compared.

Methods

Adolescents (n = 130; 15–19 years) were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to NET-EN, CCVR, or COCPs for 16 weeks, then subsequently crossed over to another HC for 16 weeks. Estrogen, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR isotope, and cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) expression by cervical cytobrush-derived CD4+ T cells was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Th17 cells were defined as CCR6+ and CCR10-. Cervicovaginal Th17-related cytokines were measured by Luminex.

Results

CCVR use for the first 16 weeks was associated with reduced Th17 frequencies and lower FSH and LH concentrations, as compared to NET-EN and COCPs, with FSH concentrations and Th17 frequencies correlating significantly. However, Th17-related cytokine concentrations (interleukin [IL]-21, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor–α, interferon-γ) and CCR5, HLA-DR, CD38, and Th17 frequencies were significantly higher in CCVR than NET-EN and COCP. At crossover, CCVR users changing to COCPs or NET-EN did not resolve activation or cytokines, although switching from COCP to CCVRs increased cytokine concentrations.

Conclusions

CCVR use altered endogenous hormone levels and associated cervical Th17 cell frequencies to a greater extent than use of NET-EN or COCPs, although Th17 cells were more activated and Th17-related cytokine concentrations were elevated. While CCVRs may impact the HIV risk by regulating Th17 numbers, increased activation and inflammation may balance any risk gains.
A Content-Based Model for Tag Recommendation in Software Information Sites
Authors: Gharibi Reza , Safdel Atefeh , Fakhrahmad Seyed Mostafa , Sadreddini Mohammad Hadi
Published: October 2019

Developers use software information sites such as Stack Overflow to get and give information on various subjects. These sites allow developers to label content with tags as a short description. Tags, then, are used to describe, categorize and search the posted content. However, tags might be noisy, and postings may become poorly categorized since people tag a posting based on their knowledge of its content and other existing tags. To keep the content well organized, tag recommendation systems can help users by suggesting appropriate tags for their posted content. In this paper, we propose a tag recommendation scheme that uses the textual content of already tagged postings to recommend suitable tags for newly posted content. Our approach combines multi-label classification and textual similarity techniques to improve the performance of tag recommendation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme on 11 software information sites from the Stack Exchange network. The results show a significant improvement over TagCombine, TagMulRec and FastTagRec, which are well-known tag recommendation systems. On average, the proposed model outperforms TagCombine, TagMulRec and FastTagRec by 26.2, 15.9 and 13.8% in terms of Recall@5 and by 16.9, 12.4 and 9.4% in terms of Recall@10, respectively.