bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compressive Strength Performance of Composite Sand Cement Brick with Power Saw Wood
Authors: Farazela MS , Arib MN , Muhamad Azmi MS , Shazmin Aniza AS , Azhan AZ
Published: October 2021

Malaysia is experiencing an unprecedented growth of its urban centre due to its developing economy and industrialization, causing the demand of bricks production to be high. This increased the price of river sand. Further, the river sand may be depleted in the future if there is no alternative taken in reducing the usage of river sand in building materials due to the limited natural resources supply. Therefore, this research concentrates on using waste material like wood fiber waste (WFW) in order to reduce river sand in the fabrication of composite sand cement brick. This research is done in order to determine the water absorption and the compressive strength of sand cement brick with powder saw wood. Six batches of bricks were made with different composition of sawdust of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% sawdust. All the bricks undergo 7 days of air-cured process before having the water absorption test and compression test. 3 days of water-cured process was performed on all bricks in order to investigate the results of water absorption test. For water absorption test, 0% of sawdust brick shows the lowest value while 5% of sawdust brick shows the highest value of water absorption rate. This indicated that high percentages of sawdust in composite brick will results in higher water absorption rate. This factor is due to the sawdust that is hydrophilic and porous in nature that causes the brick to containe more air space in the brick. Thus, this can be evidenced by the density data that keep decreasing with increasing percentages of sawdust. As for compressive strength test, the results presented 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of sawdust have strength of 20.61 MPa, 25.30 MPa, 15.47 MPa, 2.03 MPa, 1.49 MPa and 1.73 MPa respectively. In summary, it can be concluded that optimum percentage of sawdust is 2% as it contains better compressive strength than other bricks although it has slightly higher water absorption rate than conventional sand cement brick. The compressive strength was influenced by the density of brick. It is shown in density results that decreasing in density will causes declining in compressive strength. As a conclusion, water absorption rate increases linearly proportional to the percentages of sawdust but inversely proportional to the compressive strength and the density of the brick.
Effect of Quenching on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel for Hammer Mill
Authors: Marthini V. , Alhelali I.A.A. , Afendi Mohd , Majid Mariam , Syafiq W.M.
Published: October 2021

This paper covers the effect of quenching on the mechanical properties of high carbon steel for hammer mill. The main objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties and microstructure of high carbon steel before and after heat treatment (i.e., quenching). In this study, the specimens were heated at different level temperature which are 750 °C,800 °C and 900 °C prior to quenching process in water with soaking time of 5 minutes. After the heat treatment of quenching process completed, Rockwell hardness test and tensile test were performed, and the results were collected for both untreated and heat-treated specimens. The fractured surfaces of the specimens were also examined by using metallurgical microscope. It was observed that different level of quenching temperature and untreated specimens gave different mechanical properties. The specimen undergone water quenching recorded the highest hardness and tensile strength as 67.9 HRA and 426.11 MPa, respectively. Besides, the microstructure obtained from untreated specimen provided a good combination of ferrite and pearlite, meanwhile in quenched specimens formation of martensite was observed.
Failure Analysis of Boron/Epoxy Composite Laminates with Square Cutouts in Various Size under Uniaxial Tension
Authors: Zulkifli M A A , Halim Z I A , Norbani N A S , Mahmud J
Published: October 2021

Composite laminates have received much interest in precise engineering fields such as aerospace and automotive industries. Understanding the failure behaviour of laminated composites is important when designing modern structures, but many studies only focus on laminates without cutouts. In practice, the structures are design with cutouts to accommodate the space for fasteners, such as rivets, screws and bolts. This study analyses the failure behaviour of Boron/Epoxy composite laminates with square cutout of various sizes under uniaxial tension. In this study, failure analysis was performed using a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, ANSYS, for laminated composite plates with square cutout. The laminas were arranged in the sequence of [θ4/04/-θ4]s where the fibre angle, θ ranges from 0˚ to 90˚. The failure load was predicted based Maximum stress theory. For better visualisation, failure curves are plotted and analysed. Prior to that, the numerical validation procedure has proved the accuracy of the simulation as the results obtained from analytical approach (Matlab) and simulation (ANSYS) are in close agreement. The failure curves show that the Boron/Epoxy composite laminate has weaken seven times due to the square cutout. Such information is vital when designing a structure. Even though more rigorous research should be conducted, it could not be denied that the current study has contributed significant fundamental knowledge. The novelty of this work is that a new set of failure envelopes for Boron/Epoxy laminates with various cutout sizes was developed.
Conceptual design of a solar powered agriculture irrigation system for rural farming
Authors: Aziz NA , Amin NAM , Mohamad MS Bin , Saad MAM , Izham M , Rahman MTA , Mohamad A
Published: October 2021

Based on the geographical profile of Wang Kelian, Perlis, farmers are having trouble is distributing resources due to land elevation. In the present work, an automated solar powered agriculture irrigation system is proposed as a solution for the farmers to manage their farms efficiently. To provide a viable solution in designing the proposed system, a series of procedures have been employed. A survey was conducted in order to identify the customer requirement. The respondent requirements data were extracted to match with the scientific view to design the system. The data from the respondent was then linked to respond to the product characteristic by decomposing the function of the irrigation system. Herein, four conceptual designs were finalised by cross-linking the part selection through the morphological chart. Among these designs, the final agriculture irrigation system was being selected by evaluating and scoring the weight factor by using a weighted-decision matrix. As a result, a fully automated conceptual design (Concept 1) was selected as the best design as the highest score of 3.96 was recorded.
A Comparative Study of the EWMA and Double EWMA Control Schemes
Authors: Chan K M , Chong Z L , Khoo M B C , Khaw K W , Teoh W L
Published: October 2021

A control scheme is the most excellent and irreplaceable tool in Statistical Process Control because of its effectiveness in controlling and monitoring the process, which indirectly helps ensure that the quality of a product is controlled. The EWMA scheme is one of the popular memory-type schemes used to control a normally distributed process. Therefore, various studies and improvements are performed on this scheme and are available in the literature. One of the significant improvements of the EWMA scheme is its extension to the double EWMA scheme, which has a better performance in detecting a small to moderate shift in the process than the traditional EWMA scheme. In order to study and compare the performance of the EWMA and double EWMA schemes in a comprehensive way, other run-length properties, such as the standard deviation and percentiles of the run-length, are also evaluated, rather than solely evaluating the average run-length results. Furthermore, the exact shift size in the process is usually not known in real life. Thus, the expected average run-length and expected median run-length metrics are used to evaluate the overall performances of these two schemes in a range of shift sizes. Then, the implementation of these two schemes is illustrated with a dataset. Last, some concluding remarks are made.
A Three-Dimensional CFD Study of NACA 0018 Darrieus Hydrokinetic Turbine through Unsteady RANS Simulations
Authors: Mailvaganam D , Roy S
Published: October 2021

For low-head water sources, hydrokinetic turbines are potential technologies that can offer viable renewable energy options to extract energy in the rivers and water channels. In this paper, three-dimensional unsteady simulations were carried out on a straight-bladed Darrieus hydrokinetic turbine with NACA 0018 airfoil to analyse the flow physics in vortex separation at an operating tip speed ratio of 1.7 with turbine solidity of 0.224. The vortex separation or flow separation, and flow reattachment have been studied concerning the instantaneous power coefficients of the turbine at different azimuthal positions. It was observed that the steady decline in turbine power coefficient occurs from the azimuthal angle of 90° as vortex separation begins. A dip into the negative region was found 60° later. The re-entering into the positive power coefficient region is attributed to flow reattachment between 180° and 210°.
Development of Synthetic Spine for Biomechanical Research: An Overview
Authors: Muhayudin N A , Basaruddin K S , Yazid H , Salleh A F
Published: October 2021

Human and animal cadaveric spines are the most common specimens used in biomechanical investigations. However, biological cadaveric spines come with a lot of disadvantages, which resulted in questionable reliability of the data obtained. This motivated the authors to look at the development of a working synthetic spine in motion segments because synthetic materials have been used widely to replace the cadaveric specimens especially for bone testing. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the current development of a working synthetic spine and why it is crucial to consider synthetic spine as another alternative specimens to replace human and animal cadaveric spines for biomechanical research. The development of synthetic spines studies in recent years showed a great potential to replicate the human cadaveric spine. Although some of the motions were quite stiff in comparison with human cadaveric motions, with further adjustment, the improved synthetic spine can potentially benefit and transform the spinal biomechanical investigations in the future.
Jet fans as Stratified Tunnel Fire Suppressants
Authors: Chawla Shriya Kaur , Malhotra Vinayak
Published: October 2021

The very first tunnel was developed about 4000 years ago and since then the art of tunnelling has evolved to a great extent. With advancement in the field of science and technology tunnels have grown from a mere defence strategy to something that can carve its way to places that were once unapproachable. However, there are various problems associated with tunnels that are yet to be addressed, fires being one of the major ones. Astonishingly, 70% of deaths during a fire are caused by smoke inhalation and only 30% of deaths are the result of the fire. Every year an enormous amount of money, effort and time is put into research to prevent such fires and minimize the damage it causes and yet no significant result has been obtained till now. This is primarily because of the diversified nature of fires which results in heterogeneous heat and mass transfer. A jet fan is mechanism that can extract smoke quickly, safely, and efficiently. The present work focuses on testing the effectiveness of Jet fans to suppress these fires and minimize the accumulation of smoke, thereby bringing down the number of deaths to a significant amount. In this paper, a numerical study is carried out using FDS SMV. Multiple parameters such as HRRPUA, volume flow rate, etc. are varied and the corresponding change in the temperature, velocity, the heat generated, etc. is observed. The key controlling parameters are taken and varied proportionally to see how each one affects the performance of the jet fans. Consequently, a conceptual design has been proposed specifically for tunnel fires. This study aims to understand the potency of jet fans with changes in various parameters and to utilize them effectively to suppress not just tunnel fires but also building fires, fires in aviation etc.
Modelling, dynamic simulation and parametric studies of double pass solar air heater for solar drying application
Authors: Vishnu N , John Milan K , Rohinikumar B , Muraleedharan C
Published: October 2021

Solar air heater (SAH) is an integral component of many solar energy systems which converts the incident solar irradiation into thermal energy by air flowing through it. The present study addresses the modelling and simulation of dynamic performance of a double-pass SAH and predicts the effect of different geometric and operating parameters on the performance of air heater. Mathematical models are developed from the first principles to simulate the dynamic performance of the air heater. The number of glazings, nature of absorber plate and aperture height are the different geometric parameters and mass flow rate is the operating parameter considered to conduct the parametric study in the present work. Simulation predictions infer that the optimum performance of the air heater is obtained for double glazing V-corrugated absorber geometry when aperture height and mass flow rate are 0.05m and 0.025kg/s, respectively. The peak plate temperature, exit temperature and efficiency of the heater are predicted for optimum condition as 353.47 K, 346.23 K and 85.50%, respectively. Further, the performance of the heater for different mass flow rates is simulated.
Computation of three - dimensional transonic flow fields over a three - body launch vehicle configuration for low angle of attack conditions
Authors: Siva Krishna Reddy D , Shah Pradip
Published: October 2021

The present work aims at the prediction of shock wave position on the heat shield region of a three body launch vehicle in transonic region. The launch vehicle consists of a cylindrical core body and two boosters. The core body is made of a spherical nose, followed by a cone and heat shield region which is a flat surface. The heat shield is followed by a boat tail. Simulations are performed with commercial CFD package, ANSYS –FLUENT. Reynolds stresses are computed using the k-ω SST turbulence model. Explicit time integration is used to obtain steady-state solutions. A structured grid over the vehicle is generated using ICEMCFD software. In the near-wall region of the launch vehicle fine mesh is employed to capture the boundary layer. Simulations are performed for angle of attacks (AOA) 0° and 4° for Mach number 0.95. The computed nose stagnation pressure compared with the isentropic relations and deviation found to be .067%. A standing normal shock wave is observed for AOA 0 whereas an oblique shock wave is observed for angle of attack 4°. The predicted flow structure in terms of density distribution is compared with experimental schlieren images. The predictions captured essential flow features such as expansion around the conical part, boundary layer over the heat shield, shock wave on the heat shield, and flow separation in the boat tail region. The predicted flow structure and shock wave position for AOA O matched well with the experiments. However, for AOA 4°, the deviation between flow structure and shock position is noticed. Possible reasons for the deviation are explained.
Performance analysis of pine oil with benzyl as additives in direct compression ignition engine
Authors: Sharath Shree Vathsan M K , Dinesh J , Karthikeyan S , Srimas Rovan , Arul Kumar S , Mathanraj V
Published: October 2021

Fossil fuels supply 84% of world’s energy. Almost of the world’s population are persuaded in using of fossil fuels as a primary fuel where mostly Petroleum and Diesel are used as a major requirement in automobiles. Diesel engine are mostly preferred for heavy transportation and agriculture sectors for carrying enormous loads because of high work efficiency and low cost-setup. The properties of Diesel helps us physically with its Density, low viscosity, low flash point (>52*C), increased evaporation time and compression ratio of 14:1 to 25:1. With increasing usage of natural resources which are non-renewable shortage occurs with increase in Demand and pricing fluctuation in the fuel market. With all the problems faced researchers are working in finding an alternate fuel with same properties of fossil fuels. Some basic properties are Brake thermal value, viscosity of the fuel, density, specific gravity of fuel, flash point, self-ignition temperature, vapour pressure, compression ratio and more. Introducing Benzyl alcohol blending with pine oil and Diesel acting as base fuel with mixture in quantities starting with Diesel, B40, B60, B80, B40+5%, B60+5%, B80+5%, B40+10%, B60+10%, B80+10% total of 10 different values and calculating the outputs of BTE and BSFC.With loads 1.14, 2.28, 3.42, 4.56 applied on the engine. This paper concludes the work of Benzyl alcohol as fuel blends with Diesel and Pine oil which helps in increase in performance of BTE and BSFC with direct injection of the blends and their corresponding properties are studied at different loads in a Single Intake Direct Compression Ignition Engine (C224).
Experimental investigation on effects of gasoline premixed - Al2O3 additive blended fish oil biodiesel fuelled HCCI-DI engine
Authors: Lionus Leo G M , Thodda Gavaskar , Murugapoopathi S
Published: October 2021

A HCCI-DI engine is examined using fish oil bio-fuel at various proportions with neat diesel in DI fuels and petrol as the pilot energy. 20% of petrol is admitted as premixed fuel and the 80% of the charge is injected straight away to chamber at 23°bTDC. The effect of Al2O3 nano additive on DI engine is also investigated. An investigational observation is analysed with DI engine. First, HCCI-DI engine firing is compared at premature stage of combustion. Upto 1.84% improvements in the brake thermal efficiency is witnessed at petrol mixed HCCI-DI engine compared as DI combustion. The blending of Al2O3 nano additive showed 5.88% increase in the performance of the engine. Significant reduction in NOx is observed from the HCCI-DI ignition matched via DI combustion. Fish oil biodiesel fuelled combustion showed decrease in the HC besides CO issues
Effect of camphor oil on a plastic pyrolysis oil fueled DI diesel engine
Authors: Kasiraman G , Manoharan Ankit , Chethan Sai M
Published: October 2021

Plastics, as we know have become almost impossible to dispose in today’s times and their use is consistently on the rise. Because of its high heating value and availability, plastic waste can be used as a source of energy. Pyrolysis process will turn this plastic into oil, which can then be employed as fuel in IC engines to generate heat and power. The use of neat plastic pyrolysis oil in a DI engine will result in low BTE and more incomplete combustion. This is due to its high viscosity. This issue can be solved by blending the PPO with camphor oil. The properties of the plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) were examined and it was found to be similar to diesel. The two fuels were run separately on a 4 stroke, direct injection, single cylinder, diesel engine with a rated power of 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm and a CR of 17.5. The PPO was then blended with camphor oil at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume and the combustion, emission and performance characteristics studied. It was found that the PPO85C15 blend had the highest brake thermal efficiency and the lowest HC emissions.
Experimental investigation of hot water assisted solar air collector
Authors: Dwivedi Shubham , Baghel Ayush Singh , Sudhakar P
Published: October 2021

A solar flat plate collector is a device that converts the solar radiation energy from the sun into heat energy. A solar flat plate collector was designed and fabricated. The solar air collector has an absorbing plate of 1m × 0.06m area made up of galvanized iron. Outer frame of collector is fabricated with plywood. It is painted black using metal paint in order to increase its heat absorbing capacity. In order to increase the heating efficiency of the collector a serpentine coil of copper pipe is welded to the bottom of the absorber plate through which hot water is passed. Efficiency of solar flat plate collector was increased by 15.58% using this method.
Freezing characteristics in finned LDPE spherical capsule
Authors: Premnath D , Vamsi V B , Tomar Manu
Published: October 2021

The current research examines the findings of the freezing features of PCM in an LDPE spherical capsule fitted with and without fins. De-ionized water is used as phase change material to store energy in form of latent heat. Four fins of length 14mm are inserted in LDPE spherical capsule of same dimension. The effect of fins on the freezing time has been analyzed at various heat transfer fluid temperatures. The experimental results indicated that 50% of the mass of PCM has frozen in 21% and 16% of freezing time with the help of fins when compared to LDPE capsule without fins at -6°C and -9°C bath temperatures. There is not a significant reduction in total freezing time for LDPE spherical capsule with inclusion of fins at all the bath temperatures. A marginal increase in surface heat flux value is observed in case of LDPE finned spherical capsule. Along with heat transfer enhancers, the container material’s thermal conductivity is critical in increasing the freezing rate of PCM.
Experimental analysis of agricultural solar dryer
Authors: Ravikumar Solomon G , Ilayaperumal K , Balaji R , Chellappa B
Published: October 2021

The drying process is simply the moisture extraction process of a product. It can be achieved with different approaches. In these processes, thermal drying is most widely used for drying agricultural products. This drying systems are normally divided into low and high temperature dryers according to their working temperature levels. In low temperature drying systems, natural-circulation greenhouse model dryers seem the most desirable method for use in remote regions. There are operationally and competitive economically to natural open sun drying. Here solar collector of dimensions (1.25m×1m×0.2m) with area of 1.25m2has been painted black to absorb solar radiation and the solar drying cabinet that is divided into 3 number divisions separated by four removable shelves. Each shelf is 0.3m wide and 0.5m in length and is composed of a wooden boundary framed nylon wire mesh. For loading and unloading purposes, both sides of the drying chamber walls are sealed with wood and a shutter on the back. During this research, grapes were dried. In the four days after drying, the grapes’ moisture content was decreased from 81.7% to 36.7%. The drying air flows naturally through the commodity. The operating modes are discussed in this research. The results were discussed for designed solar agricultural dryer. Also it involves with the design and fabrication of agriculture solar dryer that can be manufactured in rural areas in an economic way.
Effect of pitch angle in the performance of wind turbine using numerical techniques
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy K , Naveen Kumar G , Allenki Rohith
Published: October 2021

The study of performance on the Darrieus turbine is an emerging topic using many techniques to make it improve the performance up to the industrial standard. The angle of air received at the leading edge of the aerodynamic wind blade influencing the performance of the turbine. Every instant of the angle of air varying each blade due to the rotating motion of the turbine. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum pitch angle using the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation technique in Ansys 18.1, where the sliding mesh technique is used. The geometry of the blade is taken from the previous literature which is used to verify the results. The various pitch angles are chosen from -6° to +6°. The coefficient of the moment is calculated using K-epsilon SST 2 equation model. The graph is plotted between TSR and the coefficient of performance of various pitch angle for optimization purpose.
Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel fuelled engine using nanoparticles
Authors: Rajasekar V , Pattnaik P K , Sarkar P
Published: October 2021

Experiment was conducted to identify the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel with Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticle as an additive. The performance and emission characteristics of Rice Bran oil biodiesel (B100) with addition of graphene nanoparticle was studied and compared with diesel values by using “Enginesoft” software. Experiment was conducted in four phases by using DI engine. The engine was tested with four types of fuels i.e., Diesel, Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel (B100), Rice Bran Oil with Graphene Nanoparticle 50ppm (B100G50), Rice Bran Oil with Graphene Nanoparticle 100ppm (B100G100). The emission characteristics of the experiment resulted in decrease in NOx emissions by 7.5 %, HC Hexane emission by around 15 % and increase of CO emissions by 2.3 %. After successful validation of numerical study of the emission characteristics of the experiment, the combustion characteristics using the same fuels were verified. In the numerical study of performance characteristics, it is found that, BSFC (Brake specific fuel combustion) increases by almost 56.32% and BTE (Brake thermal efficiency) decreased by 11.78 % when pure Biodiesel (B100) was used. The combustion characteristics showed an increase in increase in peak cylinder pressure with a decrease in ignition delay period when pure RBO biodiesel (B100) and its nanoparticle blends were used (B100G50 and B100G100).
A study of the manufacture of fiber aluminum laminates reinforced with glass and the effect of interfacial adhesive bonding on the impact’s behavior
Authors: Sankaramoorthy T , Sivakrishna M , Sridhar K P , Sridhar U , Sri Keshaav J S
Published: October 2021

Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are worthy competitors for forefront flying essential because of their high express mechanical properties. They are suitable for a variety of applications, especially the exhaustion check. The concrete holding between the aluminium and FRP layers is the most critical factor in collecting these covers. This research looked at, two glass-fibre-reinforced aluminium (GLARE) overlays with different holding bonds were created. The effects of interfacial concrete hanging on the sway lead of these covers were then analyzed using drop weight sway based on tests the D7136 ASTM standard. It was discovered that the amount of damage is more critical in covers with poor interfacial performance grasp than in covers with a strong bond between the aluminium and glass layers. Similarly, FMLs with excellent grasp holding exhibit better resistance to low-speed sway, and their contrasting contact powers are approximately 25% higher than those of models with poor grasp holding. Similarly, most significant central redirections in covers with a strong grasp are approximately 30% lower than in FMLs with a weak grasp.
Investigation on design, analysis and topological optimization of hydraulic scissor lift
Authors: Arunkumar G , Kartheeshwaran R , J Siva
Published: October 2021

A pressure driven scissor lift is a mechanical gadget utilized for different purposes for hoisting of the heaps to a tallness or certain level. In this scissor lift there is a table that is used to mound, hoist, pass on and additionally move material in the middle at least two heights. The fundamental goal of the gadgets utilized for hoisting settle is to make the table movable to an ideal stature. In this venture we advanced the heaviness of the base and top of the scissor lift by utilizing I-outline structure and utilized regenerative technique to lessen weight in pole. Scissor lift gives most financial trustworthy and adaptable techniques for lifting loads. The edge is durable and sufficient with expansion in underlying respectability. A different stature scissor lift is comprised of at least two leg sets. It is dissected and advanced utilizing Autodesk Fusion 360° and FE investigation.
Experimental investigation on performance of a light weight solar receiver of a parabolic dish concentrator
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu V , Issa Obada Omar , Sai Pulivarthi Venkata , Vishnu Karthik Tadikalapudi Sri
Published: October 2021

The need to extract maximum energy from renewable resources has become quite significant in day-to-day life. Solar energy is an essential source to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy today and the potential ways are to use efficient solar dish concentrators. In the present work, an external type solar receiver in the form of spiral tube is developed with mild steel material and tested with Scheffler type parabolic dish concentrator. The experimental performance analysis is performed in the real atmospheric conditions and the energy efficiency of the receiver in open loop circulation mode is studied for a whole day. Water is used as the heat transferring fluid with 2 LPM as the flow rate. The receiver showed an average thermal energy efficiency of 43.7% with a peak value of 47% during a sunny day with average beam radiation of 743 W/m2 for a HTF flow rate of 2 LPM. The result shows that this receiver has potential to be used in the solar powered process heating application in the temperature range 30°C to 100°C.
Influence of loading cycle time on the performance of hydraulic excavator in a construction site
Authors: Balaraaman Pradeep , Chandrasekaran P
Published: October 2021

This study presents the effect of hydraulic excavator model, loading operation location, loading cycle time, loading cycle fuel consumption and productivity in a construction site. The loading cycle time was used to assess the loading system performance which is one of the key components of the total cycle time for soil transportation in a construction site. Loading is among the mechanisms of cycle time during which material is being controlled. The data investigated from GEC expresses that 108,000 cubic meter loading can be executed per month involving shifts for 3 excavators. An excavator alone can load up to 216,000 cubic meter, it is evaluated using loading cycle time data for a period of 4 months, between December to March. By soil exploration it is identified that Alluvium and marl limestone exist on the top and nodular limestone at the bottom of the mountain. It was seen that stacking process duration relies upon backhoe size and model, area and truck being stacked. Normal stacking process duration arrangement were utilized to distinguish contrasts in execution under various circumstances. It very well may be inferred that shift accessibility for earthmovers, stacking area and backhoe model blends unequivocally influence the efficiency during the stacking interaction in a building site. And there are few methods to lower fuel consumption by leading a comprehensive analysis of the components involving a hydraulic excavator during loading cycle.
Development of diagnosis model based on intersecting fuzzy sets method
Authors: Korovin E N , Nazarenko E A , Novikova E I , Sergeeva M A , Kondaurova E V
Published: October 2021

The article discusses one of the approaches to the analysis and decision-making on the patients with thyroid diseases diagnosis, based on a multi-criteria method - the method of fuzzy alternatives sets. The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the situation in the world in the field of endocrine diseases and the rationale for the method choice. The advantage of using the fuzzy sets intersection method in the field of medicine is shown. A visual calculation of the case with the input data of the patient was carried out and the diagnosis was derived. Calculations were carried out in the same way with a test sample of patients. Based on the results, high predictive abilities were obtained for using the model. Mathematical models were derived, which can later be implemented in information and software that increases the efficiency of the myocardial infarction complications predicting process. The implementation of the developed system will allow medical organizations to increase the efficiency and accuracy of patients’ preliminary diagnostics.
Computational method for increasing the accuracy of determining coordinates
Authors: Levchenko V A
Published: October 2021

The article discusses a computing system for determining the location of an object by using satellite monitoring in real time with high accuracy. The computing system proposed by the authors is based on the determination of triple phase differences. High coordinate accuracy is ensured by entering additional data, such as tropospheric and ionospheric models. The resulting system is currently being tested.
Two-stage incidents prediction in heat supply systems using gradient boosting
Authors: Akhvaev A A , Shurshev V F , Nosikovsky N A
Published: October 2021

Information technologies usage in heat supply sphere has an important role to solve accidents problems in heat networks. Heat networks are accidents (incidents) sources. Accident situation predicting in heat supply systems will make it possible to rationally finance incidents prevention funds. AI is the tool for predicting accidents. Modern AI methods and algorithms allow to solve many technical systems problems. Research area has a data bank that allows to forecast heat networks accidents. Gradient boosting and production rules were chosen as basic methods.
Fuzzy Extension of Simplified variant of AHP
Authors: Noghin V D
Published: October 2021

A class of methods for ranking a finite set of objects based on a multiplicative matrix of pairwise comparisons, when the comparison results are expressed by fuzzy values, is considered. A fuzzy extension of the simplified version of the AHP, which was introduced by the author earlier, is proposed. In this extension, the elements of the matrix of pairwise comparisons can be type 1 or type 2 fuzzy numbers.
Formal-semantic normative system for graphic-analytical modelling
Authors: Matorin S I , Mikhelev V V
Published: October 2021

A formal-semantic normative system (FSNS) is presented in this paper. The FSNS allows us to describe the links and functional units of typical information processes. The possibility of using the FSNS to automate graphical-analytical modelling and machine learning is shown. Properties of the FSNS are described. On its basis, a method is developed for specifying a formal alphabet of system connection nodes that has a specific subject content. The rules for manipulating the received alphabetic characters are also presented. The possibility and expediency of building a normative system with increased expressive capabilities is substantiated. This paper provides a brief description of the «Unit-Function-Object» system-object approach. Considered the possibility of using DL for the FSNS in an unambiguous, formalized form. An example of using the FSNS is presented.
Simulation of electromagnetic suspension functioning processes in the MATLAB/Simulink system
Authors: Nawfal Mustafa Mohanad
Published: October 2021

In various fields of technology, the electromagnetic method of suspending various elements has a number of advantages, but the limits of the stability of the system and the justification of its optimal parameters require additional research. According to the well-known Irnshaw theorem, in technical applications, there are certain limitations on solving the engineering problem of stable suspension of moving bodies using electric or magnetic fields, often in combination with a gravitational field. An effective way to solve the problem of ensuring the stability of electromechanical systems based on magnetic suspension is to use automatic feedback control in the control circuit. In order to obtain the necessary accuracy and quality of the regulated transient, automatic control systems can use PID controllers. The problem of selecting the parameters of PID controllers is based on mathematical modeling, which is implemented using computer systems that provide the construction and research of designed electromechanical systems, for example, MATLAB with the Simulink module. The computer simulation of transients carried out in the Simulink system allowed us to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the PID controller with variations in their main parameters. The developed electromagnetic suspension circuit for stability requires a position sensor that is electrically connected to the PID controller in the feedback loop. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the electromagnetic suspension system should take into account the nonlinear nature of the main elements, including the PID controller, and their characteristic parameters. Simulation of the dynamics of the electromagnetic suspension system under study can be carried out and visually visualized in the MATLAB/Simulink environment in a wide range of parameter variations.
Benchmarking regulator-sourced 2PI and average 1PI flow equations in zero dimensions
Authors: Millington Peter , Saffin Paul M
Published: October 2021

We elucidate the regulator-sourced 2PI and average 1PI approaches for deriving exact flow equations in the case of a zero dimensional quantum field theory, wherein the scale dependence of the usual renormalisation group evolution is replaced by a simple parametric dependence. We show that both approaches are self-consistent, while highlighting key differences in their behaviour and the structure of the would-be loop expansion.
The physical characteristics of the small volcanic island of Tidore and Hiri to support disaster management in Maluku
Authors: Marfai M A , Mutaqin B W , Hadmoko D S , Wijayanti H , Lavigne F , Faral A
Published: October 2021

This article presents the characteristics of the small islands of Tidore and Hiri, which are vulnerable to the dangers of volcanic eruptions in Indonesia. The physical condition of the area is very important for carrying out a sustainable disaster risk reduction analysis; therefore, climate and topographic data are important to know. The limited availability of data in the study area causes climate data to be obtained from NASA’s Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS) and regional topographical presentation of Indonesia’s national DEM data. The results show that in the period 2004 to 2014, the temperature in the study area ranged from 292 K to 309 K. The islands of Tidore and Hiri have monthly precipitation between 50 mm to 500 mm.
Geological structures control on the streamflow orientation pattern in the Cijulang area and its surroundings, Garut, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Setianto A , Yugamaris G , Warmada I W , Bangun P
Published: October 2021

The Cijulang area is one of the deposits included in the high sulfidation epithermal deposits in Garut Regency, West Java Province. Ore mineralization in high sulfidation epithermal deposits is closely related to the geological structure. The existence of streamflows can be used as a fundamental basis for identifying geological structures. Geological structure identification is done by classifying the orientation angle interval class in stream segments. Each grid unit in the orientation angle interval class stream segment which has the same pattern is controlled by geological factors, including geological structures or the constituent rocks. By utilizing streamflow data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and secondary data (e.g., geological features such as structure geology and lithology from previous research data), geological structures can be identified. Faults that can be identified are the Cikahuripan fault, Citando fault, Cisuren fault, and Cibuni fault. These faults affect streamflow by 44.54% in the research area while lithology affects 35.12% of it. The influence of lithology will be greater in lower-order stream segments and the effect of faults will be greater in high order stream segments.
Mass transport modelling of total organic carbon in groundwater to determine the location of petroleum fuel pollutant sources in the area of Jlagran, Yogyakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Manek E G , Putra D P E , Hendrayana H
Published: October 2021

Hydrocarbon pollution in the Jlagran area’s groundwater, Yogyakarta City, has been going on for more than 20 years. So far, the pollution source has been inferred from a leak in the diesel fuel storage tank from near Train Station. This study aims to prove the claim that the source of hydrocarbon pollutants comes from the location of the fuel storage tank or not. This research was conducted by collecting data on hydrogeological aspects and total organic carbon (TOC) concentration in groundwater, followed by modeling flow and mass transport using Visual Modlfow MT3DMS. The modeling results show that the contamination plume distribution in groundwater at the recent time cannot be caused by only one point source, namely the fuel oil storage tank’s location, but also may come from the train maintenance area. It is estimated on this area that the disposal of train maintenance waste of hydrocarbon as a result of poor practices for at least two decades has been developing a residual hydrocarbon zone in the unsaturated zone, and now potentially seeped into the aquifer and also contribute as a source of hydrocarbon pollutant to groundwater.
Study of negative skin friction on floating piles foundation due to long-term groundwater extraction in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Tazakka M S , Tirta B A , Popang M A , Sariska Y A
Published: October 2021

The northern Semarang area is prone to a land subsidence problem as the underlying soil consists of a thick layer of normally consolidated clay which also exacerbated by groundwater extraction to meet water demand. The downdrag impact on a pile structure due to the water extraction from two major aquifers that have been used for domestic consumption was investigated. A 3D-finite element analysis was performed to a raft foundation with steel pipe piles. The study used Banger polder data and soil characteristics based on previous investigations. The evaluation was done by comparing the results of negative skin friction (NSF) and total settlement within 50 years period under continuous extraction and one without. From the result, the corner pile located farthest from the pump mobilized NSF of 64% of the total negative skin friction which was highest than middle and interior-corner piles of 28% and 20%, respectively. The groundwater extraction was also found to contribute to almost double the settlement in 50 years in the non-piled area, from 0.24 m without extraction to 0.42 m accounted for. Also, the empirical 0.75Lpilefor the maximum neutral point of the pile is in agreement in the result of this study.
The relationship of physical and mineralogical properties and geochemical compositions of limestone and its implications to the quality as cement raw material in Gunem District, Rembang Regency, Central Java
Authors: Winarno T , Marin J , Nurjayanti
Published: October 2021

The increasing development in Indonesia today will require higher portland cement consumption. Good quality cement comes from good quality raw materials. A research was conducted in the Gunem area, Rembang, Central Java which is a limestone quarry of PT Semen Indonesia. The research aims to determine physical properties of the limestone and determine the percentage of CaO and MgO and determine the quality of limestone as raw material for Portland cement. This research uses several methods, which are megascopic analysis, petrographic analysis and XRF (X-Ray Fluorescence) analysis. The results shows that wackestone has the lowest content of CaO and the highest content of MgO, while packstone and grainstone have the highest content of CaO and the lowest content of MgO. Packstone and grainstone are classified as high grade for cement raw material, while wackestone is classified as low grade for cement raw material.
Reconstruction of groundwater level at Kumamoto, Japan by means of deep learning to evaluate its increase by the 2016 earthquake
Authors: Yokoo K , Ishida K , Nagasato T , Kawagoshi Y , Ito H
Published: October 2021

Groundwater is a very important water resource at Kumamoto City. Kumamoto City is the capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture, which is located in the Kyushu region, Japan. All domestic water is obtained from groundwater in Kumamoto City. Modeling groundwater is a difficult issue. Conditions under the ground are complex, and difficult to be obtained. Even the delineation of a groundwater basin is frequently unknown. Nowadays, deep learning is a hot topic in many research fields including geoscience. A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a type of deep learning that is suitable for time series modeling. Then, it has been successfully applied for groundwater modeling. Therefore, this study utilized a new type of RNN, Long and Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, to model groundwater level at a monitoring well within Kumamoto City. The results in this study showed good agreement with the observed groundwater. In addition, it is known that severe earthquakes in April 2016 affected the groundwater level around Kumamoto City. The groundwater level model by LSTM was also utilized to estimate the effects of the severe earthquakes on the groundwater level. The results indicated that the earthquakes may have increased the groundwater level at Kumamoto City by more than 3 m.
Identification of Paleotsunami Deposits Using XRF and Artificial Intelligence Methods on the Southern Coast of Lebak, Banten
Authors: Rikhasanah U , Septyandy M R , Supriyanto
Published: October 2021

The southern coastal area of Lebak, Banten is the southern region of Java which is prone to tsunami disasters. There is evidence of past tsunami events in the southern region of Java. However, not all tsunami deposits have identifiable sedimentological and micropaleontological traces. Geochemical proxies and artificial intelligence with machine learning methods can be used to identify paleotsunami deposits. Machine learning methods that can be used to cluster paleotsunami deposits are Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) with validation of model accuracy using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) methods. Input data are XRF analysis data and macroscopic core sample description data. The output from data processing is in the form of prediction of tsunami and non-tsunami deposits at each depth of core data sample. The data is correlated and interpreted to identify tsunami events that occurred in the past. The identification results show that the tsunami deposition in the research area, namely the area around the Bagedur coastal coast and Bolang village had tsunami deposit characteristics based on macroscopic description, XRF analysis, and artificial intelligence clusterization. It is also thought to be correlative with the tsunami deposition of previous research in the area around the Binuangeun coastal coast.
Artificial intelligence approach to depositional facies characterization based on electrical log data
Authors: Putri G E , Haris A , Septyandy M R
Published: October 2021

This research aims to determine the depositional facies from electrical log data using the gradient boosting classifier method, which comprises a powerful algorithm. The electrical logs used are gamma-ray (GR), resistivity (ILD), neutron porosity (NPHI), and density (RHOB), while the output is in the form of images. The training data consists of 4 wells in Jambi sub-Basin, South Sumatera Basin, while the testing data comprises 5 wells with gamma-ray, resistivity, NPHI, and RHOB as input. Several scenarios are used to predict the facies model, namely training and validation dataset by using and isolating facies in well combination input, and with or without feature augmentation. Furthermore, the values collected were validated using F1 score. The result showed that 85.5% and 84.7% of F1 scores were allocated to training and validation to increase accuracy in scenarios without facies isolation and with feature augmentation. Therefore, the gradient boosting classifier method is reliable enough to characterize depositional facies in the associated area of interest.