bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of the precursor supply for high-level production of longifolene by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Cao Yujin , Zhang Rubing , Liu Wei , Zhao Guang , Niu Wei , Guo Jiantao , Xian Mo , Liu Huizhou
Published: January 2019

Longifolene is a naturally occurring tricyclic sesquiterpene widely used in many different fields. Up to now, this valuable terpene was mainly manufactured from the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. Microbial production can be a promising alternative to the extraction from natural plant sources. Here, we present the metabolic engineering strategy to assemble biosynthetic pathway for longifolene production in Escherichia coli. E. coli was rendered to produce longifolene by heterologously expressing a codon optimized longifolene synthase from Picea abies. Augmentation of the metabolic flux to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by different FPP synthases conferred a 1.8-fold increase in longifolene production. An additional enhancement of longifolene production (up to 2.64 mg/L) was achieved by introducing an exogenous mevalonate pathway. Under fed-batch conditions, the best-performing strain was able to produce 382 mg/L of longifolene in a 5 L bioreactor. These results demonstrated the feasibility of producing longifolene by microbial fermentation and could serve as the basis for the construction of more robust strains in the future.
Hemodynamic Changes in the Right Ventricle Induced by Variations of Cardiac Output: A Possible Mechanism for Arrhythmia Occurrence in the Outflow Tract
Authors: Gülan Utku , Saguner Ardan Muammer , Akdis Deniz , Gotschy Alexander , Tanner Felix C. , Kozerke Sebastian , Manka Robert , Brunckhorst Corinna , Holzner Markus , Duru Firat
Published: January 2019

The rationale of this paper is to investigate right ventricular (RV) hemodynamics in relation to changes in cardiac output, and in particular to study exercise-induced stresses at the RV outflow tract (RVOT), which is a common site of ventricular arrhythmias in the athlete’s heart. We hypothesize that the thin-walled RVOT is exposed to high wall shear stresses (WSS) during physiological states associated with high cardiac output such as exercise, and therefore, may be particularly prone to substrate formation leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV), an optical imaging method, has been performed in a novel anatomically accurate compliant silicone right heart model derived from a high resolution MRI heart scan of a healthy male proband. RV and RVOT flow patterns at resting conditions were obtained from two healthy athletic male proband’s hearts and two patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) via phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). The healthy case was used as a reference for validating the in vitro flow patterns of the silicone model, while the diseased cases were used to generalize our findings and investigate possible changes in hemodynamic stresses with RV morphological remodelling. Our results showed that both healthy and diseased geometries consistently displayed an increased WSS in the RVOT relative to the rest of the RV. We found that increases in cardiac output may lead to increases of mean kinetic energy (MKE), laminar viscous dissipation and WSS at the RVOT. Furthermore, higher peak WSS magnitudes were found for the diseased cases. The identified high WSS regions may correlate with the common site of RVOT ventricular tachycardia in athletes and patients with ARVC/D. Our results imply that exercise, as well as anatomical and functional remodeling might alter RV wall shear stress both in magnitude and spatial distribution, leading to increased hemodynamic stresses in the RVOT.
Mechanical response of dense pedestrian crowds to the crossing of intruders
Authors: Nicolas Alexandre , Kuperman Marcelo , Ibañez Santiago , Bouzat Sebastián , Appert-Rolland Cécile
Published: January 2019

The increasing number of mass events involving large crowds calls for a better understanding of the dynamics of dense crowds. Inquiring into the possibility of a mechanical description of these dynamics, we experimentally study the crossing of dense static crowds by a cylindrical intruder, a mechanical test which is classical for granular matter. The analysis of our experiments reveals robust features in the crowds’ response, comprising both similarities and discrepancies with the response of granular media. Common features include the presence of a depleted region behind the intruder and the short-range character of the perturbation. On the other hand, unlike grains, pedestrians anticipate the intruder’s passage by moving much before contact and their displacements are mostly lateral, hence not aligned with the forces exerted by the intruder. Similar conclusions are reached when the intruder is not a cylinder, but a single crossing pedestrian. Thus, our work shows that pedestrian interactions even at high densities (3 to 6 ped/m2) do not reduce to mechanical ones. More generally, the avoidance strategies evidenced by our findings question the incautious use of force models for dense crowds.
Differential expression of p120-catenin 1 and 3 isoforms in epithelial tissues
Authors: Venhuizen Jan-Hendrik , Sommer Sebastian , Span Paul N. , Friedl Peter , Zegers Mirjam M.
Published: January 2019

P120 catenin (p120) is a non-redundant master regulatory protein of cadherin-based cell-cell junctions, intracellular signaling, and tissue homeostasis and repair. Alternative splicing can generate p120 isoforms 1 and 3 (p120-1 and p120-3), which are implicated in non-overlapping functions by differential expression regulation and unique interactions in different cell types, with often predominant expression of p120-1 in mesenchymal cells, and p120-3 generally prevalent in epithelial cells. However, the lack of specific p120-3 protein detection has precluded analysis of their relative abundance in tissues. Here, we have developed a p120-3 isoform-specific antibody and analyzed the p120-3 localization relative to p120-1 in human tissues. p120-3 but not p120-1 is highly expressed in cell-cell junctions of simple gastrointestinal epithelia such as colon and stomach, and the acini of salivary glands and the pancreas. Conversely, the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles expressed p120-1 with reduced p120-3, whereas most other epithelia co-expressed p120-3 and p120-1, including bronchial epithelia and mammary luminal epithelial cells. These data provide an inventory of tissue-specific p120 isoform expression and suggest a link between p120 isoform expression and epithelial differentiation.
Altered spinogenesis in iPSC-derived cortical neurons from patients with autism carrying de novo SHANK3 mutations
Authors: Gouder Laura , Vitrac Aline , Goubran-Botros Hany , Danckaert Anne , Tinevez Jean-Yves , André-Leroux Gwenaëlle , Atanasova Ekaterina , Lemière Nathalie , Biton Anne , Leblond Claire S. , Poulet Aurélie , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Benchoua Alexandra , Delorme Richard , Bourgeron Thomas , Cloëz-Tayarani Isabelle
Published: January 2019

The synaptic protein SHANK3 encodes a multidomain scaffold protein expressed at the postsynaptic density of neuronal excitatory synapses. We previously identified de novo SHANK3 mutations in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and showed that SHANK3 represents one of the major genes for ASD. Here, we analyzed the pyramidal cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from four patients with ASD carrying SHANK3 de novo truncating mutations. At 40–45 days after the differentiation of neural stem cells, dendritic spines from pyramidal neurons presented variable morphologies: filopodia, thin, stubby and muschroom, as measured in 3D using GFP labeling and immunofluorescence. As compared to three controls, we observed a significant decrease in SHANK3 mRNA levels (less than 50% of controls) in correlation with a significant reduction in dendritic spine densities and whole spine and spine head volumes. These results, obtained through the analysis of de novo SHANK3 mutations in the patients’ genomic background, provide further support for the presence of synaptic abnormalities in a subset of patients with ASD.
Faster fibrin clot degradation characterizes patients with central pulmonary embolism at a low risk of recurrent peripheral embolism
Authors: Kupis Robert W. , Goldman-Mazur Sarah , Polak Maciej , Ząbczyk Michał , Undas Anetta
Published: January 2019

It is unclear whether thrombus location in pulmonary arteries is associated with particular clot characteristics. We assessed 156 patients following either central or peripheral pulmonary embolism (PE). Plasma clot lysis time, the rate of D-dimer release from plasma clots (D-Drate) with the maximum D-dimer concentration achieved (D-Dmax), as well as fibrin formation on turbidimetry, plasma clot permeation, thrombin generation, and fibrinolytic parameters were measured 3–6 months after PE. Patients following central PE (n = 108, 69.3%) were more likely smokers (38.9% vs 18.8%; p = 0.01), less likely carriers of factor XIII Val34Leu allele (40.7% vs 62.5%, p = 0.01), exhibited 16.7% higher D-Drate and 12.7% higher tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA:Ag) compared with peripheral PE (p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Saddle PE patients (n = 31, 19.9%) had 11.1% higher D-Drate and 7.3% higher D-Dmax compared with central PE (both p < 0.05). Twenty-three recurrent PE episodes, including 15 central episodes, during a median follow-up of 52.5 months were recorded. Plasma D-dimer and tPA:Ag were independent predictors for central recurrent PE, whereas D-Drate and peak thrombin predicted peripheral recurrent PE. Plasma clots degradation is faster in patients following central PE compared with peripheral PE and fibrinolysis markers might help to predict a type of recurrent PE.
Genetically encoded fluorescent indicators for imaging intracellular potassium ion concentration
Authors: Shen Yi , Wu Sheng-Yi , Rancic Vladimir , Aggarwal Abhi , Qian Yong , Miyashita Shin-Ichiro , Ballanyi Klaus , Campbell Robert E. , Dong Min
Published: January 2019

Potassium ion (K+) homeostasis and dynamics play critical roles in biological activities. Here we describe three genetically encoded K+ indicators. KIRIN1 (potassium (K) ion ratiometric indicator) and KIRIN1-GR are Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based indicators with a bacterial K+ binding protein (Kbp) inserting between the fluorescent protein FRET pairs mCerulean3/cp173Venus and Clover/mRuby2, respectively. GINKO1 (green indicator of K+ for optical imaging) is a single fluorescent protein-based K+ indicator constructed by insertion of Kbp into enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). These indicators are suitable for detecting K+ at physiologically relevant concentrations in vitro and in cells. KIRIN1 enabled imaging of cytosolic K+ depletion in live cells and K+ efflux and reuptake in cultured neurons. GINKO1, in conjunction with red fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, enable dual-color imaging of K+ and Ca2+ dynamics in neurons and glial cells. These results demonstrate that KIRIN1 and GINKO1 are useful tools for imaging intracellular K+ dynamics.
Topological valley transport at the curved boundary of a folded bilayer graphene
Authors: Mania E. , Cadore A. R. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Campos L. C.
Published: January 2019

The development of valleytronics demands long-range electronic transport with preserved valley index, a degree of freedom similar to electron spin. A promising structure for this end is a topological one-dimensional channel formed in a bilayer graphene, called a domain wall. In these channels, the valley-index defines the propagation direction of the charge carriers, and the chiral edge states are robust over many kinds of disorder. However, the fabrication of domain walls are challenging, requiring the design of complex multi-gate structures or production on rough substrates, showing a limited mean free path. Here, we report on a high-quality domain wall formed at the curved boundary of a folded bilayer graphene. Our experiments reveal long-range ballistic transport at such topological channels with the two-terminal resistance close to the ballistic resistance R = e2/4h at zero-magnetic field and the four-terminal resistance near to zero. At the bulk, we measure a tunable band gap.
Transcriptomic profiles of tissues from rats treated with anticancer drug combinations
Authors: Davis Myrtle , Knight Elaine , Eldridge Sandy R. , Li Jianying , Bushel Pierre R.
Published: January 2019

To achieve therapeutic goals, many cancer chemotherapeutics are used at doses close to their maximally tolerated doses. Thus, it may be expected that when therapies are combined at therapeutic doses, toxicity profiles may change. In many ways, prediction of synergistic toxicities for drug combinations is similar to predicting synergistic efficacy, and is dependent upon building hypotheses from molecular mechanisms of drug toxicity. The key objective of this initiative was to generate and make publicly available key high-content data sets for mechanistic hypothesis generation as it pertains to a unique toxicity profile of a drug pair for several anticancer drug combinations. The expectation is that tissue-based genomic information that are derived from target tissues will also facilitate the generation and testing of mechanistic hypotheses. The view is that availability of these data sets for bioinformaticians and other scientists will contribute to analysis of these data and evaluation of the approach.
Mechanical Properties of Tomato Fruit and Tissues and Their Impact on Processing
Authors: Wang Yong , Li He , Li Xuan , Pan Zhongli
Published: January 2019

Understanding the mechanical properties of tomatoes has a broad impact on cultivar breeding, postharvest technology, processing technology, sensory evaluation, consumer perception, new product development, and quality control. This chapter presents recent studies on the mechanical properties of tomato fruit and tomato tissues. It focuses on different methods used for measuring textural properties; recent research relevant to the mechanical characteristics of tomato fruit, peel, and tissues; the potential influence of these mechanical properties on the production and consumption of tomatoes; and advanced modelling of textural changes in tomatoes. Finally, the need for future research on mechanical properties of tomatoes is discussed.
Peeling of Tomatoes Using Infrared Heating Technology
Authors: Vidyarthi Sriram , Li Xuan , Pan Zhongli
Published: January 2019

Chemical peeling of tomatoes is a common industrial practice worldwide. Peeling tomatoes using heat from infrared (IR) radiation presents an emerging chemical-free process, where the IR thermal energy eliminates chemicals used for separating the tomato peel from the flesh. IR peeling eliminates water usage and reduces energy consumption during peeling while improving the quality of the finished product. Because it requires neither chemicals nor a heating medium, such as hot water or steam, IR peeling is categorized as a ‘dry-peeling’ method. This chapter reviews the development of the IR peeling technique, including the IR heating principle, tomato peeling properties, peeling performance, the peeled product quality, the mechanism underlying IR dry-peeling, different types of IR emitters, the design of dry-peeling equipment, and computer simulations of the IR peeling process.
Tomato Seeds and Skins as a Source of Functional Compounds
Authors: Porretta Sebastiano
Published: January 2019

The tomato industry must take seriously the problem of waste and by-products from tomato processing. Tomato pomace, consisting of seeds and peels, represents approximately 3% of the total quantity of the tomatoes processed and this adds up to a very significant amount. In the ecological perspective of recovery of valuable industrial by-products and environmental protection, the oil obtained from tomato seeds and many functional substances extracted from the skin can be used in the food and cosmetic fields, representing a sustainable source of these substances. Tomato seed oil can be used for several food and non-food applications, for example as a covering media for vegetables (including integral tomato sauces consisting of tomato and tomato seed oil), in oil preserves, or for bioenergy production. Biologically active molecules extracted from tomato skins could be used in different products.
Other Uses of Tomato By-products
Authors: Judy Stanley , Sathya Narayanan , Rawson Ashish , Kumar K. Suresh
Published: January 2019

Tomato is one of the most widely consumed food crops worldwide. During the processing of tomato fruits, which requires various unit operations, significant quantities of by-products and waste are generated. Recent industry requirements have led to research efforts with a strong focus on food waste valorization. This has become a potential alternative to the disposal of a wide range of food residues. The present chapter reviews and discusses various opportunities which can be exploited for the utilization of tomato by-products and waste as a high-value product.
Spin probe method of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy – a qualitative test for measuring the evolution of dry eye syndrome under treatment
Authors: Constantin Mihaela Monica , Corbu Catalina Gabriela , Tanase Cristiana , Codrici Elena , Mihai Simona , Popescu Ionela Daniela , Enciu Ana-Maria , Mocanu Sorin , Matei Iulia , Ionita Gabriela
Published: January 2019

The spin probe 5-DSA binds to proteins from tears and can be used to monitor changes in tear composition.
IL-10-secreting human MSCs generated by TALEN gene editing ameliorate liver fibrosis through enhanced anti-fibrotic activity
Authors: Choi Ja Sung , Jeong In Sil , Han Ju Hye , Cheon Sae Hee , Kim Sung-Whan
Published: January 2019

Interleukin 10 secreting genome-edited MSCs inhibited liver fibrosis and ameliorated abnormal liver function.
Enhanced oral absorption of insulin using colon-specific nanoparticles co-modified with amphiphilic chitosan derivatives and cell-penetrating peptides
Authors: Guo Feng , Ouyang Ting , Peng Taoxing , Zhang Xiuying , Xie Baogang , Yang Xiaoling , Liang Desheng , Zhong Haijun
Published: January 2019

In this study, amphipathic chitosan derivative (ACS) and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) co-modified colon-specific nanoparticles (CS-CPP NPs) were prepared and evaluated.
Cationic octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes functionalized with mitochondria-targeting ligands: photodynamic anticancer and antibacterial activities
Authors: Kirakci Kaplan , Zelenka Jaroslav , Rumlová Michaela , Cvačka Josef , Ruml Tomáš , Lang Kamil
Published: January 2019

Octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes bearing mitochondria-targeting terminal functions are attractive candidates for photodynamic applications and luminescent probes.
Effects of solution chemistry on the attachment of graphene oxide onto clay minerals
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Lu Taotao , Zhang Haojing , Shang Zhongbo , Chen Jiuyan , Wang Ying , Li Deliang , Zhou Yanmei , Qi Zhichong
Published: January 2019

With the increase in production and wide application of graphene oxide (GO), colloidal GO particles are expectantly released into soil and groundwater, where a large number of mineral particles exist.
Occurrence, levels and profiles of brominated flame retardants in daily-use consumer products on the Chinese market
Authors: Li Ying , Chang Qimin , Duan Huabo , Liu Yicheng , Zhang Juan , Li Jinhui
Published: January 2019

With the global phasing-out of POP-BFRs, the downstream application of BFR-containing materials in new articles makes daily-use consumer products become the new important sources of POP-BFRs.
Determination of the bioaccessible fraction of cupric oxide nanoparticles in soils using anin vitrohuman digestibility simulation
Authors: Vassallo J. , Tatsi K. , Boden R. , Handy R. D.
Published: January 2019

This study looks at the potential for ingested nanomaterials dosed in soil, to become bioaccessible for human intestinal absorption.
As good as expected? How consumer expectations and addition of vegetable pieces to soups influence sensory perception and liking
Authors: Santagiuliana Marco , van den Hoek Irene A. F. , Stieger Markus , Scholten Elke , Piqueras-Fiszman Betina
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical contrast and flavour concentration of carrot particles added to soups on expected and perceived sensations and liking.
Platinum single-atom adsorption on graphene: a density functional theory study
Authors: Wella Sasfan Arman , Hamamoto Yuji , Suprijadi Suprijadi , Morikawa Yoshitada , Hamada Ikutaro
Published: January 2019

Single-atom catalysis, which utilizes single atoms as active sites, is one of promising ways to enhance the catalytic activity and to reduce the amount of precious metals used. Here by means of density functional theory based thermodynamics we show that the single platinum atoms preferentially adsorb on the substitutional carbon sites at the hydrogen terminated graphene edge.
Increased elasticity and damping capacity of diamond-like carbon coatings by immobilized C60 fullerene clusters
Authors: Yang Hee-Kyung , Khadem Mahdi , Penkov Oleksiy V. , Kim Dae-Eun
Published: January 2019

The elasticity, damping capacity and as a result durability of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings in contact situations were significantly improved through introducing an interlayer of immobilized C60 fullerene clusters.
Charge transport through redox active [H7P8W48O184]33− polyoxometalates self-assembled onto gold surfaces and gold nanodots
Authors: Dalla Francesca K. , Lenfant S. , Laurans M. , Volatron F. , Izzet G. , Humblot V. , Methivier C. , Guerin D. , Proust A. , Vuillaume D.
Published: January 2019

We report on the electronic properties of redox active polyoxometalates at the nanoscale using conducting AFM and nanodot molecular junctions.
A high energy-density P2-Na2/3[Ni0.3Co0.1Mn0.6]O2 cathode with mitigated P2–O2 transition for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Hou Peiyu , Sun Yanyun , Li Feng , Sun Yiming , Deng Xiaolong , Zhang Hongzhou , Xu Xijin , Zhang Lianqi
Published: January 2019

P2-Na2/3[Ni0.3Co0.1Mn0.6]O2 as a cathode of sodium-ion batteries delivers a comparable energy-density to that of the commercialized LiCoO2 cathode in lithium-ion batteries.
Self-assembling supramolecular polymer membranes for highly effective filtration of water-soluble fluorescent dyes
Authors: Cheng Chih-Chia , Chiu Ting-Wei , Yang Xiu-Jing , Huang Shan-You , Fan Wen-Lu , Lai Juin-Yih , Lee Duu-Jong
Published: January 2019

A new supramolecular membrane can effectively filter the water-soluble dye rhodamine 6G, resulting in high fluorescence performance and improved color stability.
Magnetic graphene oxide-nano zero valent iron (GO–nZVI) nanohybrids synthesized using biocompatible cross-linkers for methylene blue removal
Authors: Mehrabi Novin , Masud Arvid , Afolabi Moyosore , Hwang Jinwoo , Calderon Ortiz Gabriel A. , Aich Nirupam
Published: January 2019

A green synthesis method was used to prepare GO–nZVI nanohybrids to provide an adsorbent with high adsorption efficiency that can be removed from aqueous solutions easily by magnetic separation.
Recent advances in supported molecular sieve catalysts with wide temperature range for selective catalytic reduction of NOX with C3H6
Authors: Xu Junqiang , Wang Honglin , Guo Fang , Zhang Chuan , Xie Jiaqing
Published: January 2019

NOX is a major atmospheric pollutant that is emanated by motor vehicles, thermal power plants, and industrial boilers.
Dopamine-derived cavities/Fe3O4 nanoparticles-encapsulated carbonaceous composites with self-generated three-dimensional network structure as an excellent microwave absorber
Authors: Guo Lin , Gao Sheng-Shuai , An Qing-Da , Xiao Zuo-Yi , Zhai Shang-Ru , Yang Dong-Jiang , Cui Li
Published: January 2019

Hollow dopamine-derived cavities/Fe3O4 nanoparticles-encapsulated carbonaceous composites with self-generating 3D network structure were fabricated for potential application as excellent microwave absorbers.
Selective C–C bond formation from rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation reaction of 2-arylpyridines with 3-aryl-2H-azirines
Authors: Baek Yonghyeon , Kim Jinwoo , Hyunseok Kim Hyunseok Kim , Jung Seung Jin , Ryu Ho , Kim Suyeon , Son Jeong-Yu , Um Kyusik , Han Sang Hoon , Seo Hyung Jin , Heo Juyoung , Lee Kooyeon , Baik Mu-Hyun , Lee Phil Ho
Published: January 2019

A novel method for the synthesis of acylmethyl-substituted 2-arylpyridine derivatives using 3-aryl-2H-azirines was developed.
N-doped porous hard-carbon derived from recycled separators for efficient lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Yong , Mao Samuel S. , Ye Daixin , Liu Wen , Guo Rui , Feng Zhenhe , Kong Jilie , Xie Jingying
Published: January 2019

Minimizing life-cycle environmental impacts of rechargeable batteries has been attracting tremendous interest recently.
Effects of substrate temperature on the crystallization process and properties of mixed-ion perovskite layers
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Zhao Chen , Li Deng , Guo Heng , Liao Feiyi , Cao Wei , Niu Xiaobin , Zhao Yiying
Published: January 2019

Substrate temperature affects the volatilization rate of solvents, and thus changes the morphology and the crystallization process of perovskite layers.
A novel calendula-like MnNb2O6 anchored on graphene sheet as high-performance intercalation pseudocapacitive anode for lithium-ion capacitors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Jinyu , Kong Shuying , Zhu Kai , Yan Jun , Ye Ke , Wang Guiling , Cheng Kui , Zhou Limin , Cao Dianxue
Published: January 2019

In this paper, for the first time, we investigated MnNb2O6 as a new rate capability type anode material for lithium-ion capacitors (LICs), which exhibit excellent charge storage capacity and reasonably superior cycling stability.
Non-viral nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of microRNA therapeutics
Authors: Bai Zhiman , Wei Jing , Yu Changmin , Han Xisi , Qin Xiaofei , Zhang Chengwu , Liao Wenzhen , Li Lin , Huang Wei
Published: January 2019

MicroRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological processes. Herein, we will present the development of the strategies for intracellular miRNAs delivery, and specially focus on the rational designed routes, their mechanisms of action, as well as potential therapeutics used in the host cells orin vivostudies.
Transition metal halide-doped, highly stable all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals for fabrication of white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ding Hongwei , Liu Weiwei , Zheng Youkun , Li Chunmei , Jiang Hui , Wang Xuemei
Published: January 2019

All-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have drawn enormous attention recently for their excellent optoelectronic properties in many fields.
Emerging applications of atomic layer deposition for the rational design of novel nanostructures for surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Prakash Jai , Swart Hendrik C. , Zhang Gaixia , Sun Shuhui
Published: January 2019

The review highlights ALD surface chemistry, and the reaction mechanisms of various functional materials with special emphasis on their SERS applications.
PM2.5 induced neurodegenerative-like changes in mice and the antagonistic effects of vitamin E
Authors: Liu Xudong , Zhang Yuchao , Yang Xu
Published: January 2019

After PM2.5 exposure, ND-like changes were induced through oxidative stress and inflammation, Vit E could antagonise the effects.
Constructions of polyphase ZCZ sequence sets with low cross‐correlation property
Authors: Li Yubo , Tian Liying , Liu Tao
Published: January 2019

Zero correlation zone (ZCZ) sequences have received much research attention in many practical applications, such as quasi‐synchronous code‐division multiple‐access systems and MIMO systems. In this study, three constructions of multiple polyphase ZCZ sequence sets with low inter‐set cross‐correlation property are proposed. The resultant periodic ZCZ sequence sets are optimal with respect to the theoretical bound and have new parameters uncovered in the literature. Consequently, a great deal of flexibility may be provided in the choice of periodic optimal ZCZ sequence sets with good inter‐set cross‐correlation property for their applications.
Bag of words KAZE (BoWK) with two‐step classification for high‐resolution remote sensing images
Authors: Muhammad Usman , Wang Weiqiang , Hadid Abdenour , Pervez Shahbaz
Published: January 2019

The bag‐of‐words (BoW) model has been widely used for scene classification in recent state‐of‐the‐art methods. However, inter‐class similarity among scene categories and very high spatial resolution imagery makes its performance limited in the remote‐sensing domain. Therefore, this research presents a new KAZE‐based image descriptor that makes use of the BoW approach to substantially increase classification performance. Specifically, a novel multi‐neighbourhood KAZE is proposed for small image patches. Secondly, the spatial pyramid matching and BoW representation can be adopted to use the extracted features and make an innovative BoW KAZE (BoWK) descriptor. Third, two bags of multi‐neighbourhood KAZE features are selected in which each bag is regarded as separated feature descriptors. Next, canonical correlation analysis is introduced as a feature fusion strategy to further refine the BOWK features, which allows a more effective and robust fusion approach than the traditional feature fusion strategies. Experiments on three challenging remote‐sensing data sets show that the proposed BoWK descriptor not only surpasses the conventional KAZE descriptor but also yields significantly higher classification performance than the state‐of‐the‐art methods used now. Moreover, the proposed BoWK approach produces rich informative features to describe the scene images with low‐computational cost and a much lower dimension.
Deep learning for multiple object tracking: a survey
Authors: Xu Yingkun , Zhou Xiaolong , Chen Shengyong , Li Fenfen
Published: January 2019

Deep learning has been proved effective in multiple object tracking, which confronts the difficulties of frequent occlusions, confusing appearance, in‐and‐out objects, and lack of enough labelled data. Recently, deep learning based multi‐object tracking methods make a rapid progress from representation learning to network modelling due to the development of deep learning theory and benchmark setup. In this study, the authors summarise and analyse deep learning based multi‐object tracking methods which are top‐ranked in the public benchmark test. First, they investigate functionality of deep networks in these methods, and classify the methods into three categories as description enhancement using deep features, deep network embedding, and end‐to‐end deep network construction. Second, they review deep network structures in these methods, and detail the usage and training of these networks for multi‐object tracking problem. Through experimental comparison of tracking results in the benchmarks in total and by group, they finally show the effectiveness of deep networks for tracking employed in different manners, and compare the advantages of these networks and their robustness under different tracking conditions. Moreover, they analyse the limitations of current methods, and draw some useful conclusions to facilitate the exploration of new directions for multi‐object tracking.
Co‐ordinated voltage regulation using distributed measurement acquisition devices with a real‐time model of the Cigré low‐voltage benchmark grid
Authors: Palaniappan Rajkumar , Hilbrich Dominik , Bauernschmitt Björn , Rehtanz Christian
Published: January 2019

Due to a variety of social and economic reasons, renewable energy resources (RES) have grown exponentially in the recent years. Although, with the inclusion of RES into the electrical grid, multiple predicaments like voltage stability are to be unequivocally foreseen. This paper proposes to use decentralised measurements gathered from the distribution grid. Exemplarily, an adapted Cigré low‐voltage benchmark network is used for simulation on a real‐time simulator (RTS). The voltage and VAR control (VVC) is implemented on a standardised measurement device, in addition to other smart grid functionalities. The VVC algorithm is executed on the measurement devices and uses real‐time analogue signals from the RTS for validating the implemented VVC functionality. The distributed measurements are then communicated to a central controller device using IEC 61850 architecture and the decisions of the VVC algorithm are processed back to the client devices for co‐ordinated VVC control strategies. These include transformer tapping, reactive power control, and network reconfiguration. The results also indicate the advantages of implementing VVC using decentralised measurements against the existing control strategy at the transformer with no decentralised measurements.
Dynamic performance comparison involving grid‐connected PV systems operating with active power‐line conditioning and subjected to sudden solar irradiation changes
Authors: de Freitas Takami Marcelo Hideo , Oliveira da Silva Sérgio A. , Sampaio Leonardo Poltronieri
Published: January 2019

This study presents a comparative performance analysis involving single‐ and double‐stage photovoltaic (PV) systems, which are connected to a three‐phase four‐wire electrical system by means of a four‐leg inverter topology. The double‐stage PV system is composed of a step‐up DC/DC converter and a four‐leg grid‐connected inverter, while in the single‐stage PV system the PV array is directly connected to the inverter DC bus. In addition to the active power injection into the grid, both PV systems have two attractive features, described as follows: (i) power quality improvement due to their capability to perform active power‐line conditioning, such as load harmonic current suppression, reactive power compensation, and load unbalance compensation; (ii) dynamic improvement in the occurrence of abrupt solar irradiation variations, which is achieved through the implementation of a feed‐forward control loop (FFCL) acting directly in the inverter DC‐bus voltage control loop, resulting in speeding up of the dynamics of both the DC‐bus voltage and the injected grid‐inverter currents. The referred comparative analysis addresses the static and dynamic performances considering the PV systems operating under the action of the FFCL, as well as performing active power‐line conditioning. Simulation and experimental results are presented to evaluate and validate the proposed study.
Decentralised flexibility management for EVs
Authors: Shokri Gazafroudi Amin , Corchado Juan Manuel , Keane Andrew , Soroudi Alireza
Published: January 2019

In smart cities, the end users should play an active role to provide the flexibility services in demand response programmes of smart distribution grids. Moreover, electric vehicles (EVs), their main task being providing green transportation, can play an important role in providing distributed energy in smart cities. In this study, a stochastic problem is presented to manage flexibility of end users and charging operation of EVs in the distribution grid. Thus, the end‐users, aggregators, and EVs are defined as players in the proposed problem. Additionally, three strategies are presented to manage energy centralised, decentralised, or pseudo‐decentralised in the proposed stochastic problem. In the decentralised and pseudo‐decentralised approaches, flexibility of consumers is managed autonomously. On the other hand, EVs are utilised independently by their corresponding owners only in the decentralised approach. Also, a 33‐bus distribution network is considered to assess the performance of the proposed strategies regarding the expected costs of players and the impact of flexibility on transacted energy through aggregators, and the real‐time market. On the basis of simulation results, it is concluded that decentralised strategy to manage energy flexibility and charging operation of EVs by the end users is the win–win strategy for end users and aggregators.
Effect of un‐inhibited synthetic ester oil based high dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) nanofluid for power transformer application
Authors: Ramaian Thirugnanam Arun Ram Prasath , Hudedmani Nandini Eswarappa , Roy Nirmal Kumar , Mahato Sankar Narayan , Paramanandam Thomas
Published: January 2019

Environmental friendly insulating oils are sought after as an alternative to polychlorinated biphenyls and mineral oil. The ester‐based insulating oils are the industry preferred choice as they are fire resistant and non‐toxic in nature. They also have moisture tolerance capability and oxidation stability are quite higher in synthetic ester due to its stable chemical structure than seed‐based natural ester oil. In this work, attempts were made to develop un‐inhibited synthetic‐ester‐based high dielectric permittivity CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) nanofluids. These nanofluids were investigated for the critical parameters such as AC breakdown voltage, dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, DC resistivity, interfacial tension, viscosity, flash point and acidity properties as per the procedure outlined in IEC and ASTM standards. It has been observed that the addition of nanopowder in un‐inhibited oil results decrement in overall critical properties. These results suggest that these un‐inhibited ester oils are well suitable for high‐voltage transformer application in the present form and the combination of oxidation inhibitor and nanoceramic in the ester oils would give rise to enhanced critical parameters.
DAB‐based PET in MVDC traction and shipboard applications with distribution and redundant control
Authors: You Wang , Zedong Zheng , Yongdong Li
Published: January 2019

Medium‐voltage DC (MVDC) grid has drawn more interest in the application of traction and large‐scale ships, for its lower loss, higher reliability, higher controllability and simpler system architecture. DC breaker and DC distribution are the key elements in the MVDC grid, and the power electronic transformers (PETs) have shown great advantage in the MVDC grid for its relatively smaller volume and higher flexibility compared to the traditional line transformers and AC/DC converters. In this study, a distribution DC PET based on input series output parallel dual active bridge (DAB) is proposed in the application of power supply system in traction and large scale ships. The DC PET consists of 12 DABs with an input voltage of 10 kV and the output voltage of 380 V. Strategies are proposed for distributed voltage balancing and redundancy control in the proposed PET. Simulations were done in MATLAB/Simulink. In the simulation, waveforms in the normal working conditions and the module fault status is shown, and the result shows that the proposed DC PET has great controllability and flexibility and by adding redundant modules, it keeps great reliability while fault occurs.
Research on frequency inertia response control strategy of SCESS‐DFIG system considering variable wind speed
Authors: Sun Dongyang , Sun Lizhi , Wu Fengjiang , Zhang Lei , Geng Wenjing , Peng Jing , Liu Fengming
Published: January 2019

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has insufficient capacity to respond to the frequency inertia of the power grid due to the isolation between the rotor kinetic energy and the power grid by the generator‐side converter. At the same time, the ‘source’ of the DFIG cannot be as stable as the thermal generator, so sudden changes in the wind speed on the ultra‐short time scale can affect the system inertia. In this study, the inertia of a doubly fed wind generator with a super capacitor energy storage system (SCESS‐DFIG) is defined from the standpoint of a single machine. Based on fuzzy logic controller, an inertia response control strategy of multi energy coordinated control is proposed. Then the SCESS‐DFIG inertia response control strategy under variable wind speed is proposed at the wind field level. Based on the establishment of DFIG, DC bidirectional buck–boost converter, and supercapacitor energy storage unit model, a wind farm with three SCESS‐DFIGs is simulated. When the grid frequency is dropped, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulating their operation under the same rated parameters, different wind speed curves, and different initial voltages of the supercapacitors.
Two‐dimensional functionalised methacrylated graphene oxide nanosheets as simple and inexpensive electrodes for biosensing applications
Authors: Naghib Seyed Morteza
Published: January 2019

Biosensors based on immobilised enzyme propose determination of analytes with excellent selectivity and sensitivity while their stability is still a challenge. Thus, promoting the selective, sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and reliable strategies to fabricate new biosensors is a critical issue for the analyte determination. In this study, a novel functionalised graphene, methacrylated graphene oxide (MeGO), was utilised as an advanced biosensing device for non‐enzyme determination of ascorbic acid (AA). The MeGO‐based sensor was fabricated by a very simple coating approach on a glassy carbon electrode. The cyclic voltammogram of the new biosensor demonstrated a pair of well defined, reversible, and stable peaks for redox systems in a buffer solution. The exploited nanobiosensor depicted high catalytic bioactivity towards the oxidation of AA at a positive potential in the buffer solution. The biosensing characteristics of the developed nanobiosensor presented excellent sensitivity, low limit of detection, and wide linear range. To the best of this study's knowledge, this is the first research that uses MeGO in biosensing applications. Moreover, the sensing characteristics of the device are compared with other developments previously reported for non‐enzyme AA sensors.
Orderly deposition of multi‐layer nanofibrous membrane by electrohydrodynamic direct writing
Authors: Zheng Gaofeng , Zhu Ping , Jiang Jiaxin , Zhong Weizheng , Zheng Jianyi , Liu Juan , Wang Xiang , Li Wenwang , Guo Shumin
Published: January 2019

High sensitivity bio‐detection puts forward great requirement on the orderly deposition of multi‐layer nanofibrous membrane within the substrate. Electrohydrodynamic direct writing was utilised to realise the precise deposition of nanofibres, then multi‐layer nanofibrous membrane can be gained by controlling the collector to move at the pre‐designed trajectory repeatedly. How to overcome the fusion between layers has been the key to the orderly deposition of multi‐layer nanofibrous membrane. The deposition and deformation behaviours and optimised controlling strategies of the deposited multi‐layer nanofibrous membrane were studied. The distance between the parallel nanofibres was decreased and a time interval was introduced to adjust the solidification process to overcome the fibre fusion between two adjacent layers. The uniform solid nanofibres without obvious deformation can be printed layer by layer to build the orderly multi‐layer nanofibrous membrane. This work provides an excellent way for the fast fabrication of high sensitivity bio substrate.
Multimode fiber spectrometer with scalable bandwidth using space-division multiplexing
Authors: Meng Ziyi , Li Jianqiang , Yin Chunjing , Zhang Tian , Yu Zhenming , Tang Ming , Tong Weijun , Xu Kun
Published: January 2019

Multimode fiber (MMF) spectrometers suffer from the resolution-bandwidth trade-off due to the limited spatial speckle information used for spectral recovery. We demonstrate a design of an MMF spectrometer with scalable bandwidth using space-division multiplexing. A multicore fiber (MCF) is used to integrate with the MMF. The spatial degrees of freedom at the input are exploited to provide the independent speckle pattern, thus multiplying the spatial information and scaling the bandwidth. We have experimentally achieved 30 nm bandwidth with 0.02nm resolution at wavelength 1550 nm, only using 3 cores of a 7-core fiber and a single MMF. An efficient algorithm is developed to reconstruct the broadband sparse and dense spectrums accurately. The approach can enhance the operating bandwidth of MMF spectrometers without sacrificing the resolution, and simultaneously ensure the system complexity and stability.
Interactions of endoparasitic and ectoparasitic nematodes within the plant root system
Authors: Perrine-Walker Francine
Published: January 2019

Root-knot and cyst nematodes have sophisticated mechanisms to invade their plant hosts to reprogram the plant developmental program to induce feeding structures essential for nematode survival and reproduction. This has a detrimental effect on the plant as this sedentary endoparasitic interaction affects the growth and yields of many crop plants. However, other migratory endoparasitic nematodes that do not establish root feeding sites are as aggressive on many crop plants. With new information gained from the genome and transcriptomes of the migratory endoparasitic nematode, Pratylenchus spp., this review compares the different lifestyles and the pathogenic interactions these nematodes have with their plant host. Pratylenchus spp. utilises a common arsenal of effectors involved in plant cell wall degradation and the manipulation of plant host innate immunity. The absence of specific cell reprogramming effector genes may explain its migratory endoparasitic lifestyle, making it relevant to pest management approaches in Australia.
Self-propulsion of inverse Leidenfrost drops on a cryogenic bath
Authors: Gauthier Anaïs , Diddens Christian , Proville Rémi , Lohse Detlef , van der Meer Devaraj
Published: January 2019

Significance

An inverse Leidenfrost state can happen when ambient-temperature drops are deposited on liquid nitrogen, as the bath evaporation generates a vapor film that maintains drops in levitation. Contrary to what is seen on solids, drops levitating on a cryogenic liquid exhibit counterintuitive dynamics: They are spontaneously self-propelled (and glide in straight lines) and keep levitating, even after cooling down to a temperature equal to that of the bath. This spontaneous self-propulsion in a cryogenic environment—that lasts for tens of minutes—can be seen as an efficient way to freeze and further transport biological materials (such as cells or proteins) or chemicals without contamination or risk of heat degradation.
Content and Language Integrated Learning in Dutch bilingual education
Authors: Oattes Huub , Oostdam Ron , De Graaff Rick , Fukkink Ruben , Wilschut Arie
Published: January 2019

This small-scale observational study explores how Dutch bilingual education history teachers (BHTs) focus on the L2 component in their CLIL-lessons. We observed and rated eight BHTs on five language teaching categories. Results show that Dutch BHTs focus more strongly on using the L2 to teach subject content and that they tend to be less engaged in teaching specific second language topics, such as focus on form or language learning strategies. Further results and suggestions for improving the BHTs’ L2 focus are discussed together with a plea for a CLIL definition that is more in line with the everyday reality of the CLIL classroom.
The influence of L2 English on L3 French acquisition in bilingual education*
Authors: Stadt Rosalinde , Hulk Aafke , Sleeman Petra
Published: January 2019

In the present paper, we compare L2 English influence on French third language acquisition (L3A) in first-year and third-year bilingual stream secondary school students and in third-year mainstream secondary school students by means of a gap-filling task. We found that the influence of L2 English on French L3A increases from first- to third-year bilingual students, which is not the case in the mainstream group. This raises the question if L2 influence on L3A in bilingual education is the result of the increased L2 exposure or of a higher L2 proficiency, factors that both have been claimed to play a role in L3A-research (Hammarberg, 2001;Tremblay, 2006;Jaensch, 2009). The results of this study show that there is no individual correlation between L2 English proficiency and influence of English in L3 French learning. Therefore, we suggest that it is L2 exposure rather than L2 proficiency that leads to more influence of the L2 in L3 French.