bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of BSA Loaded Poly(Caprolactone) (PCL) Microsphere Incorporated Chitosan Scaffolds for Tissues Engineering Application
Authors: Rashid Mad Jin , Ali Reza Lari , Sultana Naznin
Published: November 2014

Scaffolds-based tissues engineering involves the combination of an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM), living cells, with high porosity and well connected pores that will provide suitable environment for cells. In this study, firstly, poly (caprolactone) (PCL)-based microspheres were synthesized and characterized. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.04% w/v) was added into the microspheres produced from 5% (w/v) PCL concentration. BSA loaded microspheres were then incorporated into chitosan solution to fabricate porous scaffolds. The scaffolds were then characterized using different techniques.
Parameter Optimization of AA6061-AA7075 Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Ahmad Shah Luqman Hakim , Zainal Ariffin N.F. , Razali Akhtar Razul
Published: November 2014

In this study, the Taguchi method was utilized to determine the optimum process parameters for dissimilar friction stir welding between AA6061 and AA7075 aluminium alloys. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and optimization approach was applied on three levels of three critical factors, namely rotational speed, transverse speed and tool tilt angle. The optimum levels of process parameters were determined through the Taguchi parametric design approach. Through the parameter analysis, the predicted value of the dissimilar joint’s tensile strength was calculated to be 209.7 MPa, which is in close proximity to the experimental data (219.6 MPa) with 4.5% error. It can be concluded that a high tensile value of 219.6 MPa was achieved using 1000 rpm rotational speed, 110 mm/min travel speed and 3 ̊ tilt angle.
Identification of Chemical Compound of Dammar Resin Using Various Solvents with Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometric Method
Authors: Jamal Jamal , Wardana I.N.G. , Hamidi Nurkholis , Widyanuriawan Denny
Published: November 2014

This research is aimed to indentify the chemical compounds in Dammar resin. By identifying the chemical compounds in Dammar resin, it can be utilized optimally and the possibility of using it as alternative fuel can be recognized. This research will be carried out using analysis method of Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric. In the first experiment, Dammar resin is dissolved in CHCl3, C6H14, CH3COOH and CH3OH. From the experiment, it was detected about 32 and 25 chemical compounds when using CHCl3 and C6H14 respectively. Meanwhile, there were 17 and 15 chemical compounds detected when using CH3COOH and CH3OH respectively. Applying these various solvents giving different results but fit out each others. In conclusion, Dammar resin has a promising potency to be developed as alternative renewable fuel energy.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Different Calcination Temperature of Lemon Grass Ash
Authors: Mohamed Yusof Nur Firdaus , Osman Hakimah , Rahman Rozyanty
Published: November 2014

Lemon grass ash is produced at 0, 400, 525, 600 and 700°C calcination temperatures. The thermal stability of lemon grass ash calcination at various temperatures was examined by using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) instrument. The lemon grass ash calcinated at 700°C exhibit the highest thermal stability due to the highest combustion of high amount of minerals such as silica, potassium and calcium occur in the sample at high temperature. Besides, lemon grass calcinated at 0°C (as control element) showed the lowest thermal stability due to the present of carboneous substance such as hemicellulose and lignin. However, the thermal stability of lemon grass ash is increased at higher calcination temperatures.
Adsorption of Humic Substances by Using Coconut Copra
Authors: Atan Mohd Farid , Mapi K.A. , Ghazali S.N.F. , Abdul Rahman Nazeri , Salleh Shanti Faridah
Published: November 2014

Nowadays, consumers are concern about the quality of water that being supplied in order to ensure the water supplied is free from any harmful substances for example like Humic Substances (HS). High concentration of HS in drinking water can cause disease for human such as stomach cancer. Thus, it is important to develop a new technique to improve the quality of drinking water. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the potential of using coconut copra treated with citric acid as activated carbon in adsorbing HS contained in wastewater collected from Asajaya Treatment Plant situated in district of Samarahan, Sarawak. In this research, the optimum condition of adsorption process need to determined. As such, there are two types of parameters which are considered as constant; temperature and pH of activated carbon and variable; solid liquid ratio and residence time. As a result, this research has shown that coconut copra possess the capacity to adsorp 97.5% of HS contained in wastewater.
Effect of the Formation of CuO Flowers and SnO2 on the Growth of Tin Whiskers on Immersion Tin Surface Finish
Authors: Fadil Nor Akmal , Yusof Siti Zahira , Ourdjini Ali , Abu Bakar Tuty Asma
Published: November 2014

The effect of the formation of CuO flowers and SnO2 on tin whiskers formation and growth in 30°C/60%RH environmental condition for tin surface finish had been studied. Immersion plating method was used to coat a layer of tin onto a copper, Cu substrates. The coated surface was subjected to external stress by micro hardness indenter with 2N load in order to simulate an external stress in coating layer and to promote the formation of tin whiskers. FESEM and EDX was used to study the type and chemical composition of whiskers and oxides formed. Image analyser was used to measure the whiskers length using JEDEC Standard No 22-A121A. After 1 week of the exposure under 30°C/60%RH environmental condition, kinked-type whiskers were formed and the whiskers growth were discontinued at week 4 due to the distruction at the end-tip of kinked-type tin whisker to grow further when it touched the coating surface. An obervation until 52 weeks of exposure time found that the formation and growth of CuO flowers and the oxidation of non-kinked-type of tin whiskers to form SnO2 promoted by external stress also contributed to the discontinuity of whiskers growth.
Renewable Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Based for Ethyl Orange Dye Removal
Authors: Ngadi Norzita , Jusoh M. , Alias Hajar , Zakaria Z.Y.
Published: November 2014

A study on the performance of a renewable activated carbon towards concentration reduction for ethyl orange dye was conducted. The coconut shell activated carbon was prepared by varying the carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio of chemical activation agent and coconut shell. The effect of adsorbent dosage and temperature on performance of the synthesized AC was determined. The finding showed that the impregnation ratio of 2 and carbonization temperature of 800 °C were the best condition to synthesis the activated carbon. The result also showed that the increment in adsorbent dosage increased the sorption capacity for coconut shell AC. However, the temperature changes caused the fluctuation in reduction of dye concentration. Comparison with commercial activated carbon indicated that coconut shell AC had proved to be a low cost and efficient adsorbent in this research.
Fe(II) Biosorption Using Pleurotus Spent Mushroom Compost as Biosorbent under Batch Experiment
Authors: Kamarudzaman Ain Nihla , Chay Tay Chia , Amir Amnorzahira , Abdul Talib Suhaimi
Published: November 2014

A laboratory study was conducted to optimize the various parameters involved in Fe (II) biosorption under batch experiment and also to evaluate the biosorption performance using Pleurotus spent mushroom compost as biosorbent. The optimum Fe (II) biosorption was achieved at an initial pH 5, contact time of 30 minutes and initial Fe (II) concentration of 10 mg/L using 0.75 g biosorbent dosages. The study concluded that the Pleurotus spent mushroom compost was capable for removing of Fe (II) from aqueous solution.
Effect of TiO2 Mixed CaO Catalyst in Palm Oil Transesterification
Authors: Mohamad Mardhiah , Ngadi Norzita
Published: November 2014

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel. In this study, production of biodiesel from cooking oil (CO) was carried out via transesterification method. Heterogeneous catalyst, calcium oxide-titanium dioxide (CaO-TiO2) was selected as the best catalyst. The effects of CaO-TiO2 catalyst on catalyst amount and calcination temperature of catalyst towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The catalysts were analyzed using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) test method. The results obtained showed that 76.67 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel using 800°C calcined CaO-TiO2 catalyst. This indicates that the CaO-TiO2 has potential as a future heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. Catalyst dosage of 0.5 w/w% with molar ratio oil to methanol is 3:5, stirring speed of 250 rpm and temperature of 65°C in 1 hour reaction time are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. It was found out that, calcination temperature of catalyst and catalyst amount gave significant effect on the conversion of oil.
Sustainable Analysis in the Product Development of Al-Metal Matrix Composites Automotive Component
Authors: Fatchurrohman Nanang , Iskandar Ismed , Suraya S. , Johan Kartina
Published: November 2014

In this paper sustainable analysis is performed due to the increasing demand for fuel efficiency. Current research focuses on high strength-light weight components in automobile which lead to the development of advance material parts with improved performance. A specific class of advanced material which has gained a lot of attention due for its potential is aluminium based metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs). Al-MMCs have some prospects for several applications in automobile parts. The analysis in this paper is a part of product development which plays a crucial role in determining a product's environmental impact. The objective was accomplished and thus to identify the potential of Al-MMCs rake disc for replacement of the conventional cast iron brake disc. The result indicated that the Al-MMCs have the potential to substitute the cast iron brake disc.
Evaluation of PCL/GE-Based Electrospun Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Application
Authors: Chong Lor Huai , Lim Mim Mim , Sultana Naznin
Published: November 2014

Scaffold provides a suitable medium for cell growing and drug delivery while enhancing the cell transplantation efficiency. In this project, nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated through electrospinning of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Gelatin (GE). Processing parameters and solution parameters were optimized to achieve the desired properties of PCL/GE nanofibers. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), water contact angle and Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were implemented to characterize the fabricated nanofibers. It was found that 14% w/v PCL/GE shows the best fibers’ diameter, pore size, contact angle and less bead formation. This sample is suitable to be further investigated for the application of tissue engineering (TE) and drug delivery system (DDS).
Effect of Carbon Black Loading on Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Degradation of Poly (vinyl chloride)/Poly (ethylene oxide) Conductive Films
Authors: Siti Hajar Mohd Din , Supri A.Ghani , Jalilah Abd Jalil
Published: November 2014

Conductive polymer films based on carbon black filled PVC/PEO (50/50 wt/wt %) was prepared by solution casting technique. The effect of carbon black loading on the electrical conductivity and thermal degradation was studied. The result shows that the electrical conductivity increased with increasing of carbon black loading. The thermal degradation of the PVC/PEO conductive blends were performed using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA data indicates that the addition of carbon black into the blend was improved the thermal stability of the PVC/PEO blends.
Prediction of Fluid Flow in Artificial Cancellous Bone
Authors: Abdull Yamin Elsa Syuhada , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi
Published: November 2014

The permeability of the blood in the artificial cancellous are affected by certain morphological aspects that include pore diameter, pore size, porosity and the bone surface area. In this study, computational fluid dynamics method is used to study the fluid flow through the cancellous structure. Result of the present work show that geometries with the same porosity and overall volume can have different permeability due to the differences in bone surface area. The hexahedron geometry has the highest permeability under stimulated blood flow conditions, where the cylindrical geometry has the lowest. Linear relationship is found between permeability and the two physical properties, bone surface area and the pore size.
The Use of Lattice Boltzmann Method for Particulate Flow Analysis
Authors: Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Jahanshaloo Leila , Ismail Azlin , Fazeli Alireza
Published: November 2014

In this article, we present a lattice Boltzmann method to treat moving solid particles in a fluid. The scheme uses a uniform Eulerian grid for the flow domain and a Lagrangian grid to trace the dynamics of solid particles. The solid particles in a cavity located on a floor of straight channel were simulated at two difference aspect ratio and wide range of Reynolds numbers. Two different shapes of cavity were selected to investigate their effect of the efficiency of solid particle removal. Current study found that the rate of particle removal is significantly dependence on the Reynolds number of the flow and the shape of the cavity. Excellent agreement with the results computed by other methods indicates the capability of the scheme in predicting particulate problem.
Ignition and Burnout Temperature Study of Poultry Processing Dewatered Sludge (PPDS)
Authors: Fadhil M. , Hassan S. , Aniza N. , Hassan Abbas , Aris Shiraz
Published: November 2014

Currently the combustion parameters of poultry processing dewatered sludge (PPDS) are not well understood in depth where our knowledge on this matter is largely based on very limited data. Preliminary results of combustion parameters from the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) have recently been considered as an important guideline for combustion setup. This paper is aimed at investigating the ignition, maximum and burnout temperature of PPDS combustion. This combustion experiments were conducted using the TGA under 5 and 20 °C/min heating rates respectively. The experimental were set up under non-isothermal temperature conditions with oxidative atmospheres over the temperature range of 25-900°C. In addition to that, a proximate test was performed as a reference to compare the results.Keywords: Ignition Point, Burnout Temperature, Poultry Processing Dewatered Sludge, TGA
Performance and Emissions of a Micro-Gas Turbine Fueled with LPG/Producer Gas in a Dual Fuel Mode
Authors: Sadig Hussain , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar , Said Mior A. , Yusup Suzana
Published: November 2014

In this paper, a tubular combustor along with a single shaft micro-gas turbine system was experimentally tested with a producer gas fuels. In order to carry out the experiments, a low cost single shaft micro-gas turbine was developed. The system was characterized first with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and then tested with two producer gas fuels in a dual fuel mode. The tests were examined in terms of LPG fuel replacement, turbine entrance temperature, efficiency and emission characteristics at different LPG fuel replacement ratios. The study showed a maximum LPG replacement of 42% and 56% on energy basis for producer gas1 and producer gas2, respectively.
Effects of Numerical Simulation Geometry on Fluid Solid Particles Interaction Using Multi Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Ali Khan Aman
Published: November 2014

This
paper
describe
a
numerical
analysis
of
the
effects
of
numerical
simulation
geometry
on
fluid
solid
particles
interaction
using
multi-relaxation
time
(MRT)

lattice
Boltzmann
method
(LBM).
A
point
force
scheme
was
applied
for
particles-fluid
interactionand
with
MRT-LBM
for
fluid
flow
over
a
cavity
to
study
the
effects
of
various
Aspect
Ratio
(AR)
on
the
efficiency
of
particles
removal.
The
results
show
that
change
in
Aspect
ratio
causes
a
dramatic
different
in
the
flow
pattern
and
particles
removal
efficiency.

+
An Equilibrium Model of Dewatered Sludge Combustion Using ASPEN PLUS
Authors: Abbas A.H. , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar , Aris Mohmd Shiraz , Fadhil M.
Published: November 2014

. Dewatered sludge is one of the largest contributors of waste materials in Malaysia and it indirectly elevates local environmental problems. The use of this waste material as an alternative fuel can be an effective solution as it not only contributes as an energy source but also solves environmental issues related to sludge disposal. In this study Advanced System for Process Engineering (ASPEN) was employed to simulate the combustion reactions of dewatered sludge based on the minimization of total Gibbs energy of the system. Analysis of combustion products was carried out and compared with previous works. The simulation results showed good agreement with the results obtained by other authors. The results showed that NOx and SO2 emission for poultry sludge is lower than that of coal and sewage sludge. Sensitivity analysis to study the effect of changing reactor temperature and excess air on the products concentration suggested that the operational parameters would be highly influential on the combustion products.
Modelling of Flow Structure and Pollutant Dispersion in Symmetric Street Canyon
Authors: Yusoff Nur Hamizah Mohamad , Che Sidik Nor Azwadi
Published: November 2014

The quality of air condition is one of the major factors affecting the health of people living in urban areas. Different geometry of street canyon coupled with different wind direction will result in various concentration of pollutant accumulated in the canyon. The purpose of this research is to study the flow structure and also pollutant dispersion in a 3-D symmetric street canyon using computational fluid dynamics. Different k-Ɛ turbulent models are used to simulate the flow structure and the result is compared to experimental. The effects of aspect ratio and Reynolds Number to the flow structure and pollutant dispersion in a street canyon are investigated. The studied canyons are avenue, regular and deep canyon with aspect ratio of 0.4, 1 and 2 respectively and Reynolds Numbers of 9000 and 30700.
Implementation of Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm to Minimize Cost of Turning Process
Authors: Ab Rashid Mohd Fadzil Faisae , Nik Mohamed Nik Mohd Zuki , Mohd Rose Ahmad Nasser , Che Ghani Saiful Anwar , Harun Wan Sharuzi Wan
Published: November 2014

In machining process, turning is one of process that were significantly change by introduction of computer numerical control (CNC). However, the process improvement is not stopping there, but the focused has change to reduce the machining cost. Improper parameter selection will caused vibration in cutting, unsecure workpiece, unappealing finishing and cost consuming. Therefore, the optimum parameter setting is required because it related to certain quality characteristics such as the unit production cost. This paper presents the study to minimize production cost for CNC turning process by using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The result shows that, the ACO was capable to search for optimum production cost in shorter time compare to other methods, including Genetic Algorithm.
Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (RHDPE/EVA)/Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Composites: The Effect of Caprolactam-Maleic Anhydride on Tensile Properties and Swelling Behaviour
Authors: Fatimah A.R.H. , Supri A.Ghani , Firuz Z.
Published: November 2014

Natural fillers fulfill most requirements needed to replace synthethic fillers in thermoplastic composites. However, some disadvantages appear when natural fillers are used for composites. The poor compatibility between the hydrophilic fillers with the hydrophobic polymer matrix leads to a weak interface and hence, thus poor mechanical properties. In this research, caprolactam-maleic anhydride (CL-MAH) was used as the compatibilizer (6wt%) and the effect of compatibilizer on the composites was studied on mechanical properties and swelling behavior of RHDPE/EVA/Taro. The tensile strength for RHDPE/EVA/Taro composites decreased while increasing the filler loadings but adding caprolactam-maleic anhydride in the composite significantly improved the tensile properties. The swelling behavior results indicated that increased in Taro filler and addition of CL-MAH will increase the mass swell of the composites.
The Effect of Trabecular Bone on the Mechanical Response of Human Mandible with Implant
Authors: Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Daud Ruslizam
Published: November 2014

This study aims to investigate the influence of trabecular bone in human mandible bone on the mechanical response under implant load. Three dimensional voxel finite element (FE) model of mandible bone was reconstructed from micro-computed tomography (CT) images that were captured from bone specimen. Two FE models were developed where the first consists of cortical bone, trabecular bone and implants, and trabecular bone part was excluded in the second model. A static analysis was conducted on both models using commercial software Voxelcon. The results suggest that trabecular bone contributed to the strength of human mandible bone and to the effectiveness of load distribution under implant load.
rHDPE/Wood Fiber Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride on Tensile Properties and Morphology Analysis
Authors: Hanif M.P.M. , Supri A.G. , Zainuddin Firuz
Published: November 2014

The effect of maleic anhydride as a coupling agent on the tensile properties and morphology of recycled high density polyethylene/wood fiber (rHDPE/WF) composites were studied. rHDPE/WF composites with different wood fiber loading and the addition of maleic anhydride were prepared with Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 160°C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The result indicated that rHDPE/WFM composites with maleic anhydride exhibit higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity than rHDPE/WF composites. rHDPE/WFM with maleic anhydride composites gave a better interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fiber than rHDPE/WF composites as evidence using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Effect of Filler Loading and Isophthalic Acid-Maleic Anhydride (IAMA) on Properties of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate/Natural Rubber/Potash Feldspar (EVA/NR/PF) Composites
Authors: Ho Shuh Huey , Supri A.Ghani , Teh Pei Leng
Published: November 2014

The EVA/NR/PF composites with and without IAMA were prepared using Brabender Plasticoder at 160oC with 50rpm rotor speed. The effects of potash feldspar loading and isophathalic acid-maleic anhydride (IAMA) on the tensile properties and morphology analysis of EVA/NR/PF composites were studied. The results indicated that tensile strength for EVA/NR/PF and EVA/NR/PFIAMA composites decreased but M100 increased as the filler loading increased. EVA/NR/PFIAMA composites showed higher value of tensile strength and M100.
Dynamic System Modeling of Flexible Beam System Using Multi-Objective Optimization Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Zakaria Mohd Zakimi , Mohd Saad Mohd Sazli , Jamaluddin Hishamuddin , Ahmad Robiah
Published: November 2014

This paper proposes an algorithm called multi-objective optimization using differential evolution (MOODE) for providing the optimal mathematical model of flexible beam system. The main reason of developing a flexible beam system is to find an appropriate controller to control the vibration produced by this system. This dynamic system is treated as a black box where the acquired input-output data is used in the modeling processes. Two objective functions are considered for optimization; minimizing the number of term of a model structure and minimizing the mean square error between actual and predicted outputs. Nonlinear auto-regressive with exogenous input (NARX) model is used to represent the mathematical model of the investigated system. To obtain an optimal model for representing the dynamic behavior of flexible beam system, the model validity tests have been applied.
An Initial Study of the Effect of Minimum Quantity Lubricant of SiO2 Nanoparticle with PEG on Surface Roughness during Milling of Mild Steel
Authors: Mohd Khalil Ahmad Nabil , Khalil A.N.M. , Azmi Azwan Iskandar , Ali M.A.M.
Published: November 2014

This paper study the effect of minimum quantity lubricant of SiO2 nanoparticle with surfactant, PEG on surface roughness during machining of mild steel. The application of conventional cutting fluid leads to techno-environmental issue such as environmental pollution. Nanolubricant consists of suspended nanoparticles in based fluid. Nanolubricant with surfactant creates stability of the particles in the base fluid. The results indicate the application of minimum quantity lubricant of nanolubricant with surfactant during machining process lead to minimum usage of cutting fluid and better surface roughness.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Industrial Waste Modified Mortar
Authors: Sutan Norsuzailina Mohamed , Yakub Ibrahim , Jau Hebron
Published: November 2014

This paper presents and discusses the results of the study on physical and mechanical properties of Industrial Waste Modified Mortar (IWMM) in comparison to Unmodified Mortar (UM). Industrial wastes used as ternary cement replacement were Micro Silica (MS) and Finely Ground Waste Vase (FGWV). Porosity and compressive strength of cement based products are the crucial properties that reflect the durability. Results of this study showed incorporation of 15%MS and 20%FGWV as ternary binders reduced 32.8% porosity and increased 4.3% compressive strength of mortar.
Study on Influence of Moisture Absorption Strength of Adhesive T-Joint
Authors: Nurhashima S. , Afendi Mohd , Izzawati Basirom , Nor A. , Abdullah A.R. , Amin N.A.M. , Abdul Majid M.S. , Daud R.
Published: November 2014

Adhesive is commonly required to fulfil an explicit mechanical role where mechanical properties can affect their performance. The mechanical properties of adhesive are known to vary with moisture content. This paper presents a study of moisture absorption epoxy adhesive joint as alternative to welding joint in urea granulator chamber. Welding joint requires high skills to avoid joint failure. In particular, bulk specimens were exposed to three humidity conditions, namely, 80OC, 90OC, and 100OC at a constant time immersion of 15 minutes in water. Compression test revealed that Young modulus decreased with increasing water temperature. Moisture condition has some effect on the strength of the adhesive bonding with certain thickness. 1.0 mm of adhesive thickness provides the highest value failure load for every thickness and conditional water temperature. Experimental result indicated that failure load of adhesive T-joint at room and 90OC water temperature give relatively high value of strength if compared to water temperature at 80OC and 100OC.
Stability Condition for Single-Relaxation Time Isothermal Lattice Boltzmann Formulation
Authors: Che Sidik Nor Azwadi , Razali Siti Aisyah
Published: November 2014

In this present research, the Lattice Boltzmann method has been used to determine the stability condition of the single relaxation time. The range of Reynolds number is 100,400 and 1000. Meanwhile, the range of mesh size is varying between 31 to 251. The results show that the increase in both mesh size and Reynolds number give an effect on deviation percentages. The deviation percentages for all mesh and Reynolds number also presented.
Effect of Pressure and Nozzle Angle of Minimal Quantity Lubrication on Cutting Temperature and Tool Wear in Turning
Authors: Yassin Abdullah , Teo Chong Yaw
Published: November 2014

This paper presents an experimental investigation on effects of pressure and nozzle angle of minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) on cutting temperature and flank wear in turning. In manufacturing industries, there are always demands for the optimum cutting conditions for the most economical manufacturing cost. Hence, reduction in tool wear is essential for less expenditure with the knowledge of optimum cutting conditions of MQL. MQL, also known as near dry machining, has been acknowledged as an effective cooling technique in machining by applying vegetable oils in replacing the conventional flooding method due to environmental issues. By varying the operating pressures and nozzle angle with respect to the cutting zone, cutting temperature and flank wear are measured using a calibrated tool work thermocouple and SPG video microscope. Comparison was made between dry cutting, water mist cooling and MQL method with palm oil. Results showed that MQL with palm oil exhibits best cooling efficiency at 5 bar pressure and nozzle angle of 20o with reduction of 35% in tool wear and 23% in cutting temperature at higher cutting speeds.
Stirring Enhances Removal of Oil by Kapok Fiber
Authors: Quek Check Shyong , Ngadi Norzita , Zaini Muhammad Abbas Ahmad , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: November 2014

The natural hollow fiber, namely kapok, has been studied for the removal of oil, particularly in the area of oil spill clean-up. The hydrophobic nature of the natural absorbent has been demonstrated to exhibit (or show potential to exhibit) excellent oil absorption properties. Kapok fiber is inexpensive, readily available, very lightweight which makes it easy for transportation and its excellent buoyancy eases retrieval. Reusability of the material up to 15 cycles has been reported and this supports its being environmental-friendly. This paper looks into the oil absorption capacity of raw kapok fiber that can be dramatically enhanced by the simple mechanism of stirring. The oil absorption capacity is greatly increased to more than 200 times the mass of kapok used, i.e., with stirring, 1 g of the kapok fiber is able to absorb at least 200 g of the oil (200 g/g) which in this case is the refined palm oil used for cooking. The paper also discusses the reasons for the improvement due to stirring. And as a natural agricultural product which is abundant, besides being environmental-friendly, its application would be a sustainable approach to control water pollution due to oil spills and industrial organic contaminants.
Performance Simulation of Glass Fibre/Epoxy Composite Pipes under Multiaxial Stress Loading
Authors: Nazirah Z.S. , Abdul Majid Mohd Shukry , Daud R.
Published: November 2014

Nowadays composite material especially Glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GRE) composites is one of the most widely used composite materials in such areas, especially in the marine, building and oil industry due to their lightweight, high strength and chemical/corrosion resistant properties. The aim of this paper is to provide an improved understanding of the performance of glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe under combined pressure and axial loads. The performances of GRE composite pipes is investigated through finite element modelling of ultimate elastic wall stress test under multi-axial loading ranging from pure axial to pure hoop loadings. ANSYS software will be used for finite element modelling of GRE pipes. A stress-strain response was obtained for each winding angle and the results for modelling then compared with those experimental computed through laminate theory. It is also concluded that the experimental results stress, which represent the onset of non-linearity were very much dependent on the transverse and shear stress response, and these values were found to be consistent with the predicted values from the commonly used Tsai-Wu failure criterion.
Design of Chassis Frame for All-Terrain Vehicle for Educational Purposes
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Zahir , Hendrie John , Fudhail Abdul Munir , Salim Mohd Azli
Published: November 2014

All-terrain vehicle is famously used for various purposes. The design of the chassis of this vehicle is critical in determining the overall strength. In this paper, the design chassis frame for the use of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) is presented. In designing the chassis frame, a proper design method was employed. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was utilized to determine the maximum stress and displacement of the frame when a particular load is applied onto it. Structure modifications need to be done if the chassis frame could not sustain the applied load. After the design process is completed, the fabrication of the frame is conducted by students of the engineering faculty. The fabricated frame will be used as the main part for a project of which a complete ATV will be developed. The main purpose of the project is to instill the interest among the student in engineering through the application of classroom.
Wall Thickness Optimization of High Powered Portable Multifunction Air Compressor Tank Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Kurdi Ojo , binti Samat Saziana , bin Mohd Adnan Mohd Azam , bin Khalit Muhammad Ilham , bin Idris Zahirrudin , bin Mohammed Khalid Muhammad Nazir , Yulianti Ian , bin Marawi Ridzuan
Published: November 2014

Air compressor tank is the important equipment in the automotive workshops and laboratories. Air compressor can be categorized as pressure vessel. Pressure vessel often has a combination of high pressure together with high temperature, in some cases of flammable fluids or highly radioactive material. Due to hazards, it is crucial to ensure there is no leakage on the products. In addition, vessel has to be design cautiously to cope with the operating temperature and pressure. The thickness of the PMAC should be optimized to get the best performance, the thickness cannot be very large due to the cost of material and exceeded weight and also cannot be very thin due to the failures caused by its internal pressure. In order to get the optimum thickness, finite element method software was used to simulate the stress analysis of PMAC with various thickness and various shapes.
Review of Photovoltaic/Thermal System Design and Heat Transfer Enhancement Methods
Authors: Mohamad Azizul , Mohd Amin Nasrul Amri , Chong Wei Choon , Abdul Majid Mohd Shukry , Daud Ruslizam
Published: November 2014

Solar energy is a viable renewable energy source, and photovoltaic technology has mature significantly in recent years. To maintain the operating efficiency of photovoltaic system, heat must be remove from its surface, thus lead to development of photovoltaic/thermal system. This paper identify several key design criteria as well as heat transfer enhancement methods that is currently existed, and some future work is proposed to optimize the system.
Modeling of Piezoelectric Acoustic Energy Harvester
Authors: Sidik Susilo , Putra Azma , Kok Swee Leong
Published: November 2014

Harvesting ambient acoustics for conversion into usable electricity provides a potential power source for emerging technologies including wireless sensor networks. Acoustic energy harvesters convert energy from acoustic waves to electrical energy. Here acoustic energy harvesting from ambient noise utilizing flexural vibration of a flexible panel is investigated. A flexural vibration from the panel is use to extract more energy from the ambient acoustics where piezoelectric materials of PVDF films are attached around the plate edges. This study found that the energy harvesting can be obtained with a maximum output power of 480 pW at 400 kΩ load resistance.
The Effects of Evaporation Time on Morphological Structure of Polysulfone/Cellulose Acetate Phthalate/Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PSf/CAP/PVP) Blend Membranes
Authors: Ali Asmadi , Mohd Yunus Rosli , Awang Mohamad , Mat Ramli
Published: November 2014

Evaporation time is one of the important membrane fabrication parameter that can be manipulated in order to produce the desired membrane morphology in ultrafiltration (UF) separation process. The morphology of UF membrane has a significant effect on structural properties and performance of UF membrane. In this study, flat sheet asymmetric polysulfone/cellulose acetate phthalate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PSf/CAP/PVP) blend membranes were prepared at different evaporation time in the range of 0 to 20 s to investigate its effect on the morphological structures of the blend membranes. The morphological structure of these blend membranes were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that in the absence of evaporation time, the morphology of blend membrane consits of open finger-like structure and microvoids. Introduction of evaporation time period between 5 to 10 s, produced spongy blend membranes with less finger-like structure. Further increment of evaporation time between 15 to 20s, formed incomplete dense structure with small microvoids PSf/CAP/PVP blend membranes.
New Topology of Single-Phase Segmented Rotor Field Excitation Flux Switching Machine for High Density Air-Condition
Authors: Omar Mohd Fairoz , Sulaiman Erwan , Soomro Hassan Ali
Published: November 2014

Various topologies of 3 phase and single phase Field Excitation Flux Switching Machines (FSMs) have been develop recently due to the advantages of veriable flux capability of DC Field Excitation coil located on the stator as well as robust single piece rotor structure suitable for high speed applications. However, the fundamantel principles of the develop machine with salient pole rotor, requires overlap winding between armature and FEC, creating the problems of high end coil, huge size of motor as well as high copper losses. Therefore, in this paper, a new topology of single phase segmented rotor FEFSM with 12S-6P configuration is presented with the advantage of non overlap armature and FEC windings, a smaller machine with low copper loss is designed. In this study, the principle of single phase 12S-6P with segmental is an investigated using 2D-FEA finite element analysis to validate the torque, speed and power characteristics. As conclusion, the proposed design is suitable for high density air-conditioner because 1kW power generated at 1.8Nm and the corresponding speed of 4977r/min.
Analysis of a New Dual Excitation Flux Switching Machine with Outer-Rotor Configuration for Direct Drive EV
Authors: Ahmad Md Zarafi , Sulaiman Erwan , Haron Zainal Alam , Khan Faisal , Mazlan Mubin Aizat
Published: November 2014

This paper presents the design improvement and analysis of dual excitation flux switching machine (DEFSM) with outer-rotor configuration for direct drive electric vehicle (EV). Deterministic design improvement approach based on two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is applied to obtain optimal torque density and power density of the proposed machine to meet the requirement of direct drive propulsion of EV. The performance comparison of the original design machine with the improved design machine is also addressed. The improved design machine has achieved 10.19 Nm/kg and 4.74 kW/kg of maximum torque density and maximum power density, respectively..
Review of Analysis on Vertical and Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Mohamad Azizul , Mohd Amin Nasrul Amri , Toh Hong Tee , Abdul Majid Mohd Shukry , Daud Ruslizam
Published: November 2014

Wind turbine is a device used to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. Generally, wind turbine could be classified as horizontal axis and vertical axis wind turbine, depending on its axis of rotation. Two major factors affecting wind turbine performance are wind speed and aerodynamic design. While wind speed is depending on the location and weather, aerodynamic design of the wind turbine could be improved and optimized to enhance the wind turbine efficiency. This paper summarized few such design with particular attention on output power analysis as well as analysis tools development, for both type of wind turbine.
Mix Proportion of Concrete Containing Oil Palm Wastes as Replacement for Conventional Constituents
Authors: Yong E.P.K. , Teo D.C.L. , Sutan N. Mohammed
Published: November 2014

Oil palm waste materials which consist of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and oil palm shell (OPS) are contributing negatively towards the environment as they are normally disposed in landfills. In recent years, research studies found that POFA and OPS can be used as potential replacements for cement and coarse aggregates respectively in the effort to solve the environmental problems contributed by these wastes. In this study, POFA was used to replace ordinary Portland cement at 15% by weight of binder while OPS fully replaced the coarse aggregates to produce lightweight concrete. A suitable mix proportion for OPS concrete was determined through several trial mixes and then cement was partially replaced by POFA to produce POFA OPS concrete. The POFA OPS concrete registered density of 1870 kg/m3 which categorises it as a lightweight concrete. This concrete also produced slump value of 100 mm and compressive strength of 25.50 and 30.50 MPa at age 7 and 28 days respectively.
Vehicle Brake Light Detection Using Hybrid Color Model
Authors: Mohd Chachuli Siti Amaniah , Ishak Khairul Anuar , Yusop Norbayah
Published: November 2014

This paper presents a method based on hybrid color model (HCM) to detect vehicle brake light during daytime. Five weathers during daytime have been considered in this work which are morning, noon, cloudy, rainy and evening. The hybrid color model (HCM) is developed by combination of red color from RGB color model and saturation and intensity values from HSI color model. Otsu method and HCM method have been applied in this work to find the adaptive threshold. Erosion and dilation techniques have been applied in morphology operations to enhance the detection results. The results have been verified by using Matlab software. From the analyses that have been carried out, this method able to detect vehicle brake light about 90.63% in 0.92 seconds. Comparison of HCM method with CBS method shows that detection by using HCM method produced better detections in a short time. This method also shows that HCM method can be applied on various weathers and situations on the road.
Fault Interpretation Using Image Logs
Authors: Alizadeh Mostafa , Movahed Zohreh , Junin Radzuan , Sulaiman Wan Rosli Wan , Jaafar Mohd Zaidi
Published: November 2014

In oil and gas reservoirs, having the faults attributes such as dip inclination degree, dip azimuth, strike, location of the faults and the type of the faults is essential due to their effect on production rate. Therefore, in this work a new method will be introduced to provide this geological information. By using the Formation Micro Imager (FMI) tool, the fault interpretation job will be done in one of the Iranian production wells, located in Gachsaran field.
Estimating the Lengthy Missing Log Interval Using Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) Technique
Authors: Ayoub Mohammed , Mohamed Ahmed Abdelhafeez
Published: November 2014

Estimation of well log properties is crucial in identifying the trends and the properties in oil and gas industry, which will enable firms to avoid problems during operation procedures. In this paper, Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) technique is utilized to generate a generic model with superior prediction capabilities. NeuraLogTM software is used in order to convert the scanned image logs into digit one that can be used by MATLAB code. Group Method of Data Handling is utilized to predict the same missing interval. An aggregate of 601 field data sets were utilized to create the model. These information sets were separated into training, cross validation and testing sets in the degree of 2:1:1. Trend analyses as well as graphical and statistical tools have been utilized in order to assess the model performance.
Theoretical Study of Structural, Elastic Properties and Phase Transitions of Cu2ZnSnS4
Authors: Zhao Yi Feng , Liu Zu Ming , Li De Cong
Published: November 2014

The total energy, the electronic properties, phase transitions, and elastic properties of Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) in the three structures are investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Results show that the total energies of stannite (ST) and primitive-mixed CuAu (PMCA) structures are higher than that of kesterite-type (KS), and the KS is the ground state structure. Relationships between enthalpy and pressure of the KS, ST and PMCA structure of CZTS are also investigated at 0 K, since the pressure can have profound impacts on the electronic structure, possible phase transitions and structure stability. And results also show that KS structure is always the most stable; ST is the second; and the PMCA structure is the most unstable; phase transitions of three structures could not occur in high pressure. The high ratios of shear modulus to bulk modulus (G/B) indicate that CZTS compounds in three types have ductile behaviors. The Poisson ratios for the three structures are from 0.27 to 0.31, which again proves that all structures of CZTS have better plasticity. The results can increase more hints about further research directions, and these effects can play an important role in future experimental preparation technology and theoretical work of CZTS materials.
The Effect of the Limestone on the Strength of the Foam Concrete
Authors: Yu Xin Gang , Hu Lu , Gao Chao , Wu Guo Lin
Published: November 2014

The effect of the limestone on the strength of the foam concrete is studied in this paper. The dry density of the foam concrete used in this experiment is 500 kg/m3, which is largely used in foam concrete for heat preservation in building. The experimental results reveal that the content of the limestone has great influence on the 3 d, 7 d and 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of the foam concrete, but the fineness of the limestone has little influence on the 3 d, 7 d and 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength of the foam concrete, when the specific surface area is in the range of 210 cm2/g-440 cm2/g.
Fabrication of Plate-Like Sr3Ti2O7 Particles Using Molten Salt Synthesis
Authors: Yang Sheng Jie , Gao Feng , Qin Meng Jie , Zhang Qing Qing , Huang Xi Xi
Published: November 2014

Plate-like Sr3Ti2O7powders with anisotropy were prepared by KCl molten salt synthesis (MSS) method, the effect of different SrCO3/TiO2ratio and calcination condition on the phase transition, particle size and morphology of powders were investigated. The results show that SrTiO3phase coexist with Sr3Ti2O7phase and SrTiO3is the main phase as the SrCO3/TiO2ratio is 1.15~1.25:1. Pure Sr3Ti2O7phase can be obtained as the SrCO3/TiO2ratio is 1.55~1.65:1. The aspect ratio of plate-like particles increases firstly and then decreases as the SrCO3/TiO2ratio increases. The sealed and unsealed condition has no influence on the phase structure of the powders. But the aspect ratio of unsealed particles is smaller than that of sealed particle. Finally, the formation mechanism for Sr3Ti2O7particles was discussed.
Hot Deformation Behaviors of SiCp/Al Composites
Authors: Hao Shi Ming , Xie Jing Pei
Published: November 2014

The hot deformation behaviors of 30%SiCp/2024 aluminum alloy composites was studied by hot compression tests using Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator at temperatures ranging from 350-500°C under strain rates of 0.01-10 s-1. The true stress-true strain curves were obtained in the tests. Constitutive equation and processing map were established. The results show that the flow stress decreases with the increase of deformation temperature at a constant strain rate, and increases with the increase of strain rate at constant temperature, indicating that composite is a positive strain rate sensitive material. The flow stress behavior of composite during hot compression deformation can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine form. Its activation energy for hot deformation Q is 183.251 kJ/mol. The optimum hot working conditions for this material are suggested.