bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Laser Induced Triple Layer Copper Oxide Structure for Durable Polyfunctionality of Superhydrophobic Coatings
Authors: Boinovich Ludmila B. , Emelyanenko Kirill A. , Domantovsky Alexander G. , Chulkova Elizaveta V. , Shiryaev Andrey A. , Emelyanenko Alexandre M.
Published: September 2018

Copper and its alloys are among the most used metals for the industry. However, using bare copper and its alloys in technology is compromised because corrosion and poor abrasion resistance of copper impacts its performance in industrial and technological applications. In this paper, a strategy based on combining the laser chemical modification of metal's surface in a controlled atmosphere and laser texturing, followed by chemisorption of low energy compounds is effectively used for fabrication of a superhydrophobic coating with enhanced protective and functional properties on the mild copper alloy. It is shown that the formation of duplex cuprous/cupric oxide layers with a sequence of a dense and porous parts of cupric oxide layer allows one to successfully design the superhydrophobic coating with high photoactivity and enhanced stability of functional properties in corrosive liquids. The fabricated coatings display the enhanced resistance to abrasive wear, long preservation of a heterogeneous wetting mode in contact with the electrolyte, durable photoactivity, and low corrosion rate. Even more, the corrosion rate is notably decreasing with time upon prolonged contact with the corrosive medium.
Association of early pregnancy body mass index and children's birth weight with risk of being overweight in childhood
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Enqing , Wang Yue , Qiao Yijuan , Zhang Tao , Li Baojuan , Zhang Zhiwei , Li Nan , Hu Gang
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To examine the potential effects of mothers' early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and children's birth weight on childhood overweight/obesity at 1‐6 years of age.

Methods

We performed a cohort study in Tianjin, China, using the health care records from the Tianjin maternal and child health care system with 36 719 mother‐child pairs from early pregnancy to children at 6 years of age. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the single and joint associations of maternal early pregnancy BMI and children's birth weight with the risks of children being overweight at 1‐6 years of age in multivariable‐adjusted models.

Results

Both maternal early pregnancy BMI and children's birth weight were positively associated with the risk of children being overweight at 1‐6 years of age. Compared with children who were born to normal weight mothers and had low or normal birth weight (NBW; birth BMI < 85%), higher risks of being overweight at 1‐6 years were found among children with low or NBW who were born to overweight mothers, and children with high NBW (BMI ≥ 85%) or macrosomia who were born to normal weight or overweight mothers. Lower risks of being overweight were found among those with low birth weight who were born to normal weight mothers.

Conclusions

Maternal early pregnancy BMI may play a more important role than children's birth weight in the risk of being overweight from 4 to 6 years of age. Children with high or NBW need to be given more attention to prevent excessive weight gain.
How [Fe]‐Hydrogenase from Methanothermobacter is Protected Against Light and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wagner Tristan , Huang Gangfeng , Ermler Ulrich , Shima Seigo
Published: September 2018

[Fe]‐hydrogenase (Hmd) catalyzes the reversible hydrogenation of methenyltetrahydromethanopterin (methenyl‐H4MPT+) with H2. Hmd contains the iron–guanylylpyridinol (FeGP) cofactor, which is sensitive to light and oxidative stress. A natural protection mechanism is reported for Hmd based on structural and biophysical data. Hmd from Methanothermobacter marburgensis (mHmd) was found in a hexameric state, where an expanded oligomerization loop is detached from the dimer core and intrudes into the active site of a neighboring dimer. An aspartic acid residue from the loop ligates to FeII of the FeGP cofactor and thus blocks the postulated H2‐binding site. In solution, this enzyme is in a hexamer‐to‐dimer equilibrium. Lower enzyme concentrations, and the presence of methenyl‐H4MPT+, shift the equilibrium toward the active dimer side. At higher enzyme concentrations—as present in the cell—the enzyme is predominantly in the inactive hexameric state and is thereby protected against light and oxidative stress.
3D‐Printed Carbon Electrodes for Neurotransmitter Detection
Authors: Yang Cheng , Cao Qun , Puthongkham Pumidech , Lee Scott T. , Ganesana Mallikarjunarao , Lavrik Nickolay V. , Venton B. Jill
Published: September 2018

Implantable neural microsensors have significantly advanced neuroscience research, but the geometry of most probes is limited by the fabrication methods. Therefore, new methods are needed for batch‐manufacturing with high reproducibility. Herein, a novel method is developed using two‐photon nanolithography followed by pyrolysis for fabrication of free‐standing microelectrodes with a carbon electroactive surface. 3D‐printed spherical and conical electrodes were characterized with slow scan cyclic voltammetry (CV). With fast‐scan CV, the electrodes showed low dopamine LODs of 11±1 nm(sphere) and 10±2 nm(cone), high sensitivity to multiple neurochemicals, and high reproducibility. Spherical microelectrodes were used to detect dopamine in a brain slice and in vivo, demonstrating they are robust enough for tissue implantation. This work is the first demonstration of 3D‐printing of free‐standing carbon electrodes; and the method is promising for batch fabrication of customized, implantable neural sensors.
3D interconnected high aspect ratio tellurium nanowires in epoxy nanocomposites: serving as thermal conductive expressway
Authors: Yan Changzeng , Yu Tianhang , Ji Chao , Zeng Xiaoliang , Lu Jibao , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping
Published: September 2018

Heat removal via thermal management materials is attracting more and more attention in the electronic industry. Conventional particle/polymer thermal conductive composites require a high filler loading ratio (>30 vol %), which cause severe thermal interfacial resistance and mechanical issue. In this work, we fabricate tellurium nanowires (NWs)/epoxy nanocomposites via a facile bar coating method. According to Agari model and Maxwell–Eucken model, the as‐synthesized ultra‐long NWs with high aspect ratio (>100) construct the 3D interconnected thermal conductive network better in resin matrix to facilitate the heat transfer process. The results show that at a low loading ratio of 2.4 vol %, this nanocomposite exhibits the out‐of‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivity of 0.378 and 1.63 W m−1 K−1, respectively, which is 189 and 715% higher than that of pure epoxy resin. Importantly, good stability, and flexibility of nanocomposites are well maintained. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47054.
Investigating Chinese mathematical techniques to calculate sunrise and sunset times in Datongli
Authors: Choi G.‐E. , Lee K.‐W. , Mihn B.‐H. , Li L. , Ryu Y.‐H. , Ahn Y. S.
Published: September 2018

We investigate the calculation method of sunrise and sunset times in the Datongli (Great Concordance Calendar) of the Ming dynasty focusing on Chinese mathematical techniques. Referring to the Mingshi (History of the Ming Dynasty), we found that latitude and obliquity were determined from observations of the transit altitude of the Sun on the winter and summer solstices using the Guibiao (Gnomon) and the Jianyi (Simplified Armillary Sphere) as astronomical instruments. According to the Mingshi, 12 values for the equation of center of the Sun were also determined from observations. However, these values may have been rectified, at least to utilize a cubic equation for interpolating the equation of center. With regard to Chinese mathematical techniques, we found that the Zhaocha (solving the coefficients of a cubic equation), Hushigeyuan (finding approximate solutions of a quartic equation), and Chongcha (proportional property of similar right‐angled triangles) were employed to calculate the sunrise and sunset times together with the Gougu (i.e., the Pythagorean theorem) and Kaifang (i.e., square root extraction) techniques. We reproduce the sunrise and sunset times by the Datongli, and verify the numerical values of the tables in the Mingshi associated with the calculations of these times. We found that the values recorded in the Mingshi agree satisfactorily with those reproduced in this study, except for several cases considered typographical errors. We think that this study will help understand the Datongli, particularly the Chinese mathematical techniques used in it.
Design optimization of combined piled raft foundations considering uncertainty
Authors: Huber Maximilian , Dufour Corentin , Adam Dietmar , Wieser Thomas
Published: September 2018

Cities are often seen as centres of economic growth, providing opportunities for study, innovation and employment. An increasing part of the European Union population lives and works in cities and it is widely expected that these patterns will continue as urban areas account for a greater share of activity. This asks for high rise buildings and advanced foundations systems, which are able to transfer high loads from the ground surface into deeper layers. In this contribution we focused on the design optimisation of combined piled raft foundations (CPRF) under uncertainty of load and resistances. We developed a novel optimization algorithm considering the uncertainty of load and resistance parameters. This innovative scheme is applied to an illustrative case study of a combined piled raft foundation in order to show the strength of the proposed approach.
Tackling uncertainty in structural lifetime evaluations
Authors: Sanio David , Ahrens Mark Alexander , Mark Peter
Published: September 2018

At present, investigation, rehabilitation and if necessary deconstruction and replacement of civil infrastructure are key challenges in structural engineering. Internationally, the number of bridges that show a critical state of preservation is growing while traffic loads, frequencies and freight amounts are still rising. Against the background of economic constraints authorities are challenged to decide on the right measures and order to take. Sound decisions rest on reliable data concerning structural health states and safely estimated residual lifetimes. Among experts it is widely accepted that estimated residual lifetimes must involve uncertainties from various domains like modelling assumptions, material data assessment, realistic traffic loads etc. Uncertainties reduce accuracies and thus might reduce computed residual lifetimes. To overcome this burden, model updates, material testing, traffic census or at best monitoring of sensitive structural elements can be applied. The contribution presents up‐to‐date methods and results of geometry assessments from laser scans, multi‐copter overflights or mobile mapping, material testing, FE‐model updates from test loadings on‐site, data and video based traffic census, transient temperature constraint evaluations from climate data as well as strain monitoring of tendons at a large scale concrete bridge. The measures are stochastically evaluated to quantify potential gains even if correlation of model parameters is involved.
Advanced hysteresis method for early damage detection of fastening systems in concrete under fatigue load
Authors: Hoepfner Marvin
Published: September 2018

This paper presents an advanced method for the characterization of the fatigue failure and corresponding load process of fastening systems in concrete. The required hysteresis model is based on mathematical and physical principals with a secondary approximation of the hysteresis loops using measurement data in accordance with conformance criteria. Thus conventional characteristic values of the hysteresis loop, displacements, stiffness's and energies could be determined. The developed predictive model uses four adjustment parameters (determined through regression analysis) and was applied to experimental fatigue tests of anchor channels in concrete. Investigations of these adjustment parameters revealed the potential to identify an indicator for the early prediction of experimental tests, in relation to specific changes and processes in the shape and area of hysteresis loops. These geometric properties effect modifications of the hysteresis centroid – being a sensitive characteristic of the loop form, is determined through numerical methods and analysed in correlation with the four adjustment parameters.
Reliability levels related to different reference periods and consequence classes
Authors: Holicky Milan , Diamantidis Dimitris , Sykora Miroslav
Published: September 2018

The target reliability levels recommended in various national and international documents for new and existing structures are quite different and vaguely related to types of structures and consequences of failure. The optimum reliability levels can be obtained by considering the total expected cost of the structure over the design working life. Indicative values of reliability indexes are given in EN 1990 (2002) for two reference periods, 1 year and 50 years. The annual target reliability levels βt1 are presently indicated in the recent draft of EN 1990 (2017) without any explicit link to different reference period or design working life. When determining the target reliability index for the reference period of n years that generally differs from the design working life, correlation of failure events in subsequent years should be taken into account. Considering the annual reliability index β1 an approximate formula is proposed for the reliability index βnk related to the reference period of n years and independence interval of k years. The independence interval k ≤ n corresponds to the mean time period in years for which the failures in subsequent periods of k years are assumed to be mutually independent. The operational use of the proposed formula is clarified by practical tools. The reliability differentiation reflected in consequence classes is also discussed in this contribution.
Effects of multivariate dependence modelling on reliability estimates
Authors: Spyridis Panagiotis , Tamparopoulos Alexios , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: September 2018

The assessment of a structure's performance is directly linked with reliability and safety issues, which are strongly associated to the random nature of load and resistance effects. Moreover, intrinsic properties of probabilistic models should relate to the commonly encountered dependencies among the input random variables. With respect to that, a significant advance towards effective modelling in current practice of structural reliability engineering has been achieved by integrating scalar indices, such as correlation coefficients. However, case may be that this approach overlooks, or even induces considerable uncertainties. Therefore, models which acknowledge and estimate this uncertainty type can serve the requirements for high modelling efficiency and improved predictions. In the present study, the uncertainties pertaining to multivariate idiosyncrasy are discussed, and a generalised dependence structure paradigm is suggested. The predictive potential of resulting models is demonstrated on showcase applications.
Stochastic engineering framework for timber structural elements
Authors: Kandler Georg , Lukacevic Markus , Wolff Sebastian , Füssl Josef
Published: September 2018

Due to the natural growth process of trees, the resulting wooden boards show a high amount of random fluctuation in their mechanical properties. In this work, a framework able to consider the impact of random stiffness fluctuations of wooden boards on the performance of glued laminated timber (GLT) is presented. A 2D finite element model is employed to depict the interactions between individual laminations and is integrated into a commercial robustness analysis and optimisation software package.

The mechanical properties of each board are obtained during the grading process and are condensed into so‐called stiffness and strength profiles. Based thereon, a probabilistic material model is developed for the random generation of an arbitrary number of stiffness and strength profiles. On basis of the probabilistic material model and the mechanical FE model, the sensitivity to changes in the design can be explored. Subsequently, the optimal design parameters of the user‐defined structure are identified.

An exemplary application scenario shows the workflow for determining the optimum hole dimensions and location in a GLT beam. The material model indicates large scatter in the mechanical properties, leading to conservative results. Nonetheless, the example shows the strengths of the employed workflow from sensitivity analysis to best designs.
Extended Abstracts of the 16th International Probabilistic Workshop 2018 in Vienna
Authors: Strauss Alfred , Bergmeister Konrad , Proske Dirk , Bergmann Sarah , Hegger Josef , Ricker Marcus , Rempel Sergej , Kalogeraki Charikleia , Gakis Angelos , Spyridis Panagiotis , Landi Filippo , Marsili Francesca , Friedman Noemi , Croce Pietro , Pan Lixia , Lehký David , Novák Drahomír , Slowik Ondřej , Spyridis Panagiotis , Stephani Alexander , Van Coile Ruben , Khorasani Negar Elhami , Gernay Thomas , Hopkin Danny , Marsili Francesca , Bödefeld Jörg , Daduna Hans , Talarico Luca , Reniers (Genserik) , van Gelder (Pieter) , Sousa Hélder S. , Matos José C. , Branco Jorge M. , Lourenço Paulo B. , Machado José S. , Pereira Filipe , Tran Ngoc Linh , Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Lipowczan Martin , Šomodíková Martina , Hopkin Charlie , Fu Ian , Spearpoint Michael , Molod Mohammad Amin Esmail , Barthold Franz‐Joseph , Šimonová Hana , Lipowczan Martin , Kucharczyková Barbara , Keršner Zbyněk , Sauer Axel , Olfert Alfred , Körte Lisa , Ortlepp Regine , Mold Lisa , Krug Bernhard , Frangopol Dan M. , Jung Karel , Marková Jana , Sýkora Miroslav , Zou Guang , Banisoleiman Kian , González Arturo , Márföldi Monika , Sokol Milan , Lamperová Katarína , Venglár Michal
Published: September 2018

In this compilation, the contributions published as extended abstracts of the 16th International Probabilistic Workshop 2018 in Vienna are collected. This article is also published in the Wiley Online Library (WOL) at https://doi.org/10.1002/best.201800059.

In addition to these Extended Abstracts, all contributions can be found online as a Full Paper on the same doi in the corresponding and so called Supporting Information.
The relations among animal abuse, psychological disorders, and crime: Implications for forensic assessment
Authors: Ascione Frank R. , McDonald Shelby E. , Tedeschi Philip , Williams James Herbert
Published: September 2018

The confluence of developments in the assessment of animal abuse, the evolution of psychiatric nosology for the diagnosis of conduct disorder, legislative changes involving crimes against non‐human animals, and the recent inclusion of crimes against animals in the FBI's National Incident‐Based Reporting System, highlights the critical need for examining the forensic dimensions of animal abuse cases. We provide an overview of the research literature on these topics in the hope that forensic evaluators will have an evidence‐based framework for assessing cases they encounter that include perpetration of violence against animals.
Focus on creative strategies for improving programs
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: September 2018

In his role as director of athletics at Westfield State University, Dick Lenfest, M.B.A., knew that in order to achieve the goal of providing the best possible experience for student‐athletes he needed a plan. So he developed a mantra that focused on addressing the three “Fs” — facilities, full‐time coaches, and fundraising.
Effect of non‐compliant balloon postdilatation on magnesium‐based bioresorbable vascular scaffolds
Authors: Blachutzik Florian , Achenbach Stephan , Tröbs Monique , Marwan Mohamed , Weissner Melissa , Nef Holger , Schlundt Christian
Published: September 2018

Background

Optimal implantation results of bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) are typically assumed to require postdilatation with non‐compliant (NC) balloons to achieve full scaffold apposition and minimize event rates. We systematically evaluated the mechanical effect of NC balloon postdilatation on magnesium‐based BRS (Magmaris®, Biotronik AG, Bülach, Switzerland) in vivo.

Methods

In 35 patients, 40 Magmaris® BRS were implanted to treat 37 de novo coronary artery stenoses. A systematic implantation protocol was followed. After appropriately sized NC balloon predilatation (1:1:1 vessel:balloon:scaffold ratio), Magmaris® BRS were implanted with a pressure of 10 atm, followed by NC balloon postdilatation at nominal BRS size (standardized at 16 atm). OCT was performed before and after postdilatation and OCT images were analyzed at a spacing of 0.2 mm to measure BRS dimensions and determine apposition as well as to detect strut fractures.

Results

PCI with Magmaris® BRS (mean diameter: 3.21 ± 0.32 mm; mean length: 20 ± 4 mm) was successful in all cases, in one case a non‐flow‐limiting distal edge dissection occurred after implantation and before postdilatation. NC balloon postdilatation led to significantly larger mean scaffold diameter (3.21 ± 0.32 mm vs. 2.80 ± 0.39 mm, P < 0.001), abluminal scaffold area (7.92 ± 1.43 mm2 vs. 6.72 ± 1.28 mm2, P < 0.001) and lumen area (7.58 ± 1.1 mm2 vs. 6.83 ± 1.12 mm2, P < 0.001). Incomplete scaffold apposition area was significantly lower if postdilatation was performed (0.01 ± 0.04 mm2 vs. 0.17 ± 0.11 mm2, P < 0.001). Strut fractures could neither be observed before nor after postdilatation.

Conclusion

NC balloon postdilatation of Magmaris® BRS is required to achieve optimal expansion. It significantly reduces malapposition and can safely be performed without relevant rates of strut fracture.
Retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction following blunt chest trauma
Authors: Okumura Hiroyuki , Hayashi Hiroki , Harada Masaki , Mikuri Mikiko
Published: September 2018

A 78‐year‐old man was admitted to the emergency department because of chest pain following blunt chest trauma. Chest X‐ray revealed multiple rib fractures. However, electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in inferior leads suggesting acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Emergency coronary angiography revealed normal left coronary artery and occluded proximal right coronary artery. Thus, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed immediately. Antegrade PCI was unsuccessful due to a very large false lumen, which was caused by a blunt trauma. However, retrograde guidewire (GW) manipulation was relatively easy to negotiate the occluded lesion. After GW externalization, we deployed two drug eluting stents for this lesion. To our knowledge, this is the first case of retrograde PCI that led to a successful reperfusion therapy for AMI following blunt chest trauma.
Validation and refinement of the catheterization RISk score for pediatrics (CRISP score): An analysis from the congenital cardiac interventional study consortium
Authors: Hill Kevin D. , Du Wei , Fleming Gregory A. , Forbes Thomas J. , Nykanen David G. , Reeves Jaxk , Du Yan , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: September 2018

Objectives

To externally validate the CRISP score, and determine if refinements might improve clinical utility.

Background

The CRISP score estimates risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) for pediatric catheterization.

Methods

Pediatric (age < 18) procedures reported to the Congenital Cardiovascular Interventional Study Consortium registry from 05/08 to 09/17 (n = 29,830, 27 centers) were divided into a development dataset of 14,784 earlier procedures, and a validation dataset of 15,046 more recent procedures. The development dataset was used to refit the original CRISP model, and to develop a revised(r) CRISP score, consisting of entirely pre‐procedurally collected data. The validation dataset was then used to compare model fit and risk prediction between CRISP, rCRISP and two existing risk scores using Akaike's (AIC), Schwarz's (BIC) Bayes Information Criteria, −log Likelihood (N2LL), area under the receiver operator curve and chi‐square goodness‐of‐fit statistic (across 5 risk categories).

Results

Overall 4.31% of patients experienced at least one SAE with frequency increasing from 1.08% in CRISP category 1 to 27.34% in category 5. Both CRISP and rCRISP (entirely pre‐procedural) predicted risk of SAEs well, with observed to predicted ratios ranging from 0.71 to 1.18 across the 5 risk categories. Compared to the original CRISP score, rCRISP demonstrated less optimal model fit (higher AIC, BIC, and N2LL) but similar risk prediction (C‐statistic = 0.71 vs. 0.70; chi‐squared statistic = 6.77 vs. 6.85).

Conclusion

The CRISP score accurately predicts procedural risk. With minor modifications, the revised version (rCRISP) performed well with arguably greater clinical utility as an entirely preprocedural risk model.
A Heterogeneous Hydrogen‐Evolution Catalyst Based on a Mesoporous Organosilica with a Diiron Catalytic Center Modelling [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase
Authors: Himiyama Tomoki , Waki Minoru , Esquivel Dolores , Onoda Akira , Hayashi Takashi , Van Der Voort Pascal , Inagaki Shinji
Published: September 2018

A diiron [FeFe]‐hydrogenase model complex tethered with a maleimide group, FeFe1, was covalently grafted on the pore surface of a periodic mesoporous organosilica with thiol groups (SH‐PMO) to form an efficient heterogeneous hydrogen (H2)‐evolution catalyst FeFe1@PMO. The coordination structure of the FeFe1 complex and the ordered pore structure were almost completely preserved even after immobilization of FeFe1 on SH‐PMO. The FeFe1@PMO promoted photocatalysis for H2 evolution in water containing a photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3]2+, with a turnover number (TON) of 310 over 120 min. The TON was greater than those of an analogous homogeneous FeFe1 catalyst (TON=180) and conventional diiron complexes immobilized on solid supports (TON=6–18). The increased TON for FeFe1@PMO compared to the homogeneous FeFe1 was attributed to the improvement in the stability of the FeFe1 complex by immobilization on the pore surface of SH‐PMO. A [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitizer tethered with a maleimide (Ru1) was prepared and co‐immobilized on FeFe1@PMO to form an all‐solid‐state photocatalyst FeFe1‐Ru1@PMO. FeFe1‐Ru1@PMO evolved H2 without the additional [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitizer, suggesting efficient photoinduced electron transfer from the immobilized Ru1 to the immobilized FeFe1.
Homogeneously Catalyzed 1,3‐Diene Functionalization – A Success Story from Laboratory to Miniplant Scale
Authors: Herrmann Norman , Vogelsang Dennis , Behr Arno , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: September 2018

For many years, the efficient use of resources has been a major and permanent challenge for the chemical industry. The implementation of alternative resources such as renewables and carbon dioxide has been a subject of considerable discussion, but also the more efficient use of long known bulk chemicals is of great interest. Among them, 1,3‐dienes such as 1,3‐butadiene from the C4 cut of the naphtha cracker as well as isoprene, piperylene and cyclopentadiene from the corresponding C5 section are important substrates. These dienes are presently employed in various markets, with the greatest importance being in the production of polymers and copolymers. However, homogeneous transition metal catalysis has proven to be a versatile tool to functionalize these important 1,3‐dienes to low molecular weight fine chemicals by introducing, for example, nitrogen, oxygen or silicon. Hence, an upgraded use of the corresponding products as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, fragrances or special detergents is close at hand. The main approaches in the topic of homogeneous functionalization reactions of the industrially relevant 1,3‐dienes will be summarized and discussed within the present article. Besides that, novel applications including renewable 1,3‐dienes, for example β‐myrcene and β‐farnesene, as well as the application of CO2 in telomerization, will be critically discussed.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for distress in people with inflammatory bowel disease: A benchmarking study
Authors: Jordan Cheryl , Hayee Bu'Hussain , Chalder Trudie
Published: September 2018

Objective

Anxiety and depression are common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have been linked to clinical recurrence. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCT's) have found no evidence that psychological interventions enhance outcomes for people with IBD but have recruited patients without distress. This study investigates the clinical benefits of a nonrandomized uncontrolled study of clinic based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for people with IBD who had moderate–severe levels of anxiety or low mood and compares the results with a previous RCT of CBT in this population.

Method

Assessments were completed at baseline and end of treatment and included measures of low mood, generalized anxiety, quality of life (QOL), and symptomatic disease activity. The patient health questionnaire and generalized anxiety disorder 7 measures were the primary outcomes. Results in the form of a standardized effect size of treatment were compared with a previous RCT to consider if CBT had greater benefits for those with distress.

Results

Thirty patients were deemed appropriate for CBT, and 28 accepted treatment. The results from this clinic based CBT intervention suggest statistically significant reductions in symptoms of anxiety (<0.001), low mood (<0.001), and disease activity (p < 0.01) and increases in QOL (p < 0.001). The uncontrolled effect sizes were large and superior to those found in published RCTs.

Conclusion

This nonrandomized uncontrolled trial of a clinic‐based CBT intervention suggests that CBT may have benefits for those with moderate–severe disturbances to mood and that effect sizes can be improved by targeting those with distress. RCTs are required to establish efficacy.
Single‐Site Ruthenium Pincer Complex Knitted into Porous Organic Polymers for Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid
Authors: Wang Xinbo , Ling Eleanor Ang Pei , Guan Chao , Zhang Qinggang , Wu Wenting , Liu Pengxin , Zheng Nanfeng , Zhang Daliang , Lopatin Sergei , Lai Zhiping , Huang Kuo‐Wei
Published: September 2018

Owing to its capacity for reversible hydrogen storage, formic acid (FA) holds great promise as an alternative energy carrier to conventional fossil fuel systems. Whereas the decomposition of FA to hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) through homogeneous catalysis is well established, the selective and efficient dehydrogenation of FA by a robust heterogeneous catalyst remains a challenge. A new heterogeneous ruthenium pincer framework with single‐atomic sites was prepared in one step by the direct knitting of a phosphorus–nitrogen PN3P‐pincer ruthenium complex in a porous organic polymer. The heterogeneous ruthenium complex efficiently dehydrogenates formic acid in both organic and aqueous media with remarkably enhanced stability. Notably, no detectable CO was generated and a turnover number (TON) of 145 300 was attained in a continuous experiment with no significant decline in catalytic activity (in sharp contrast, a total TON of only 5600 was obtained with the homogeneous analog under the same conditions). The single‐atomic sites in the porous framework combined the desirable attributes of high reactivity and selectivity of a homogeneous catalyst with the significantly enhanced catalyst stability and reusability benefits of heterogeneous catalysis.
A voltage tunable CMOS differential active resistor and its application
Authors: Maundy Brent J. , Elwakil Ahmed S. , Zito Domenico
Published: September 2018

We propose a novel CMOS differential voltage‐controlled equivalent active resistor based on a modified common‐source cross‐coupled pair. The equivalent resistance exhibited by the circuit can be tuned to be either positive or negative through the tail current, which is controlled by a bias voltage. The complete cell comprises four transistors, two resistors in addition to the bias voltage, and tail current source. Application to the design of oscillators is demonstrated by theoretical analysis, circuit simulations, and verified experimentally through measurements on prototypes implemented using discrete transistors.
Memory aids: Equal access or success and fundamental alteration?
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: September 2018

Some schools have added memory aids to their list of standard test accommodations for closed‐book testing, but memory aids, sometimes called memory cues or cheat sheets, are a far cry from conventional test accommodations. Extended time, reduced‐distraction rooms, and other common testing accommodations alter testing conditions but do not alter the test itself. By contrast, memory aids alter the test itself by supplying the student tailored information directly relevant to successful test performance.
Support alumni with social activities, career services
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2018

Ernst Vanbergeijk is the director of the Threshold Program at Lesley University, a two‐year comprehensive program that offers both vocational training and a residential experience for students with learning differences and challenges. It is the oldest and longest continually operating such program on a college campus in the United States.
Review tips for supporting student‐veterans with disabilities
Authors: O'Connor Loren
Published: September 2018

When you work with student‐veterans, keep the following advice in mind.
The rights of students with hepatitis B in clinical settings
Authors: Laird‐Metke Elisa , Sullivan Martha Lee
Published: September 2018

When a student enrolled in a health science program has a diagnosis of hepatitis B (or other transmissible blood‐borne pathogen), the school must balance the right of the student to equal educational opportunities with the patient safety demands of the clinical settings in which the student will work. The federal government has offered schools clear guidance on the matter.
Effects of a large flood on woody vegetation along the regulated Missouri River, USA
Authors: Boever Christopher J. , Dixon Mark D. , Johnson W. Carter , Scott Michael L. , Malloy Terrence P.
Published: September 2018

In 2011, a large, long‐duration flood occurred on the regulated Missouri River following six decades without flooding. This study evaluated the effects of the flood on riparian forest structure and composition. In 2012, 168 forest sites sampled in 2006–2009 were resampled on five floodplain segments between Montana and Missouri, with 80 sampled again in 2013–2014. Changes in riparian forest area over 2006–2012, by age class and segment, were assessed using aerial imagery and GIS. Repeated‐measures analysis of variance was used to examine (a) the initial effects of the flood (preflood to 2012) on tree and shrub stem densities, (b) postflood (2012–2014) changes in stem density, and (c) species‐level responses for cottonwood (Populus deltoides), eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia). Across the study area, forest area declined 6–38% among age classes, with the greatest declines in the youngest classes. Tree density declined 19–49% across segments from preflood to 2012 but did not change significantly from 2012 to 2014. Shrub density declined 52–89% across segments from preflood to 2012, with 73–78% declines in the two youngest age classes, but increased by 42% from 2012 to 2014. Cottonwood and Russian olive, but not red cedar, showed partial recovery in the shrub/sapling layer, increasing from 2012 to 2014. Although flooding is important for floodplain forest health, the 2011 flood had mixed effects, with significant mortality of native floodplain trees and shrubs and only limited cottonwood recruitment. The initial decline in invasive species (Russian olive and red cedar), however, suggests that flooding may be an effective management tool.
The ecology of peace: preparing Colombia for new political and planetary climates
Authors: Salazar Alejandro , Sanchez Adriana , Villegas Juan Camilo , Salazar Juan F , Ruiz Carrascal Daniel , Sitch Stephen , Restrepo Juan Darío , Poveda Germán , Feeley Kenneth J , Mercado Lina M , Arias Paola A , Sierra Carlos A , Uribe Maria del Rosario , Rendón Angela M , Pérez Juan Carlos , Murray Tortarolo Guillermo , Mercado‐Bettin Daniel , Posada José A , Zhuang Qianlai , Dukes Jeffrey S
Published: September 2018

Colombia, one of the world's most species‐rich nations, is currently undergoing a profound social transition: the end of a decades‐long conflict with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, known asFARC. The peace agreement process will likely transform the country's physical and socioeconomic landscapes at a time when humans are altering Earth's atmosphere and climate in unprecedented ways. We discuss ways in which these transformative events will act in combination to shape the ecological and environmental future of Colombia. We also highlight the risks of creating perverse development incentives in these critical times, along with the potential benefits – for the country and the world – if Colombia can navigate through the peace process in a way that protects its own environment and ecosystems.
NBCe1 mediates the regulation of the NADH/NAD+redox state in cortical astrocytes by neuronal signals
Authors: Köhler Susanne , Winkler Ulrike , Sicker Marit , Hirrlinger Johannes
Published: September 2018

Astrocytes are a glial cell type, which is indispensable for brain energy metabolism. Within cells, the NADH/NAD+redox state is a crucial node in metabolism connecting catabolic pathways to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production in mitochondria. To characterize the dynamics of the intracellular NADH/NAD+redox state in cortical astrocytes Peredox, a genetically encoded sensor for the NADH/NAD+redox state, was expressed in cultured cortical astrocytes as well as in cortical astrocytes in acutely isolated brain slices. Calibration of the sensor in cultured astrocytes revealed a mean basal cytosolic NADH/NAD+redox ratio of about 0.01; however, with a broad distribution and heterogeneity in the cell population, which was mirrored by a heterogeneous basal cellular concentration of lactate. Inhibition of glucose uptake decreased the NADH/NAD+redox state while inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase or of lactate release resulted in an increase in the NADH/NAD+redox ratio. Furthermore, the NADH/NAD+redox state was regulated by the extracellular concentration of K+, and application of the neurotransmitters ATP or glutamate increased the NADH/NAD+redox state dependent on purinergic receptors and glutamate uptake, respectively. This regulation by K+, ATP, and glutamate involved NBCe1 mediated sodium‐bicarbonate transport. These results demonstrate that the NADH/NAD+redox state in astrocytes is a metabolic node regulated by neuronal signals reflecting physiological activity, most likely contributing to adjust astrocytic metabolism to energy demand of the brain.
1,2‐Silyl migration in 1‐halonaphthalenes catalyzed by I2
Authors: Shimizu Tomomi , Morisako Shogo , Yamamoto Yohsuke , Kawachi Atsushi
Published: September 2018

1‐Halo‐8‐hydrosilylnaphthalenes undergo 1,2‐silyl migration to form 1‐halo‐7‐silylnaphthalenes. The influence of the substituents on the silicon atom, the solvent effect, and the D‐labeling experiments are investigated. The migration process may include four steps: (a) generation of acid (HI) by the reaction of the hydrosilane with I2, (b) protonation of the naphthalene ring, (c) silyl group migration in the protonated intermediate, and (d) deprotonation of the naphthalene ring.
Ergonomic design of a railway traffic control room: A Serbian experience
Authors: Grozdanović Miroljub , Bijelić Bojan
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research presented in this paper is to perform an ergonomic evaluation of compatibility between control desk, display panel, and their control devices with operators’ capabilities in the process of railway traffic control. This paper covers the application of ergonomic criteria for designing the control room and its main elements, functional characteristics of operators, and the influence of illumination on operator’s work efficiency. The paper also introduces methodologies for anthropometric and kinesiological analysis of operators, ergonomic analysis of control desk and display panel, and analysis of illumination in the Railway Traffic Control Room in Nis, Serbia. The research also includes basic statistical parameters for body measures of operators, configuration, and dimension of control desk as a unit, ergonomic analysis of control desk buttons, ergonomic analysis of display panel and its elements, parameters for illumination level of control room, control desk and display panel, and uniformity of illumination and brightness. To establish a link between these research and cognitive demands, methods of cognitive analysis of control and management activities in control room and decision making in abnormal situation by using an operator’s stress model are presented. The importance of this approach is that ergonomic assessment of current condition will determine the inadequate design and the ergonomic approach to be used in the implementation of the analysed control room. The results given in this paper enable the beginning of reconstruction and design of new elements in the control room, which will lead to abettor optimized control of railway traffic.
An unsafe behaviour formation mechanism based on risk perception
Authors: Huang Lang , Wu Chao , Wang Bing , Ouyang Qiumei , Lin Huanhuan
Published: September 2018

It is commonly acknowledged that human behaviour is implicated in most safety problems. However, research on the formation mechanism of unsafe behaviour remains incomplete. Risk perception is one of the fundamental issues in risk research, and individual risk perception can be identified as a critical antecedent of human behaviour. This study attempts to construct and test a theoretical model to reveal the formation mechanism of unsafe behaviour based on risk perception. First, to lay a solid foundation for the developed new mechanism, several key concepts about risk perception and unsafe behaviour were explained. Second, the formation mechanism of biases in individual risk perception was developed based on psychological distance theory, and the biases in risk perception were subsequently classified. Lastly, an unsafe behaviour formation mechanism was put forward based on risk perception as an explanatory variable. This study is novel in that it uses psychological distance to explore the formation of biases in individual risk perception. Further, the presented work provides a new approach to understanding and explaining the formation mechanism of human unsafe behaviour.
A statistical region selection and randomized volumetric features selection framework for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mishra Shiwangi , Beheshti Iman , Khanna Pritee ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2018

Identification of dominant imaging biomarkers is important for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to improve diagnostic accuracy. This work proposes a novel automatic computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system working on region selection framework. Voxel based morphometry and tissue segmentation is performed to get gray matter (GM) images. These pre‐processed images are anatomized to get 116 regions of brain using a standard automated anatomical labeling atlas. The proposed region selection algorithm identifies the most relevant brain regions out of 116 regions to discriminate AD and healthy control (HC) subjects. Volumetric features (standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, energy, and shannon entropy) are extracted and random feature selection is performed to get the most discriminating regions to classify AD from HC. Supervised classification algorithms are used to explore and validate the proposed methodology. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the proposed system competes well with the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
CSF‐1 in Osteocytes Inhibits Nox4‐mediated Oxidative Stress and Promotes Normal Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Werner Sherry L , Sharma Ramaswamy , Woodruff Kathleen , Horn Diane , Harris Stephen E , Gorin Yves , Lee Doug‐Yoon , Hua Rui , Gu Sumin , Fajardo Roberto J , Habib Samy L , Jiang Jean X
Published: September 2018

CSF‐1 is a key factor in regulating bone remodeling; osteocytes express CSF‐1 and its receptor. Viable osteocytes are essential for bone remodeling through cell–cell contact and secretion of factors that regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Increased oxidative stress contributes to osteocyte death and correlates with bone loss during aging. The NADPH oxidase Nox4 is a major source of ROS in bone. CSF‐1 decreases Nox4, suggesting that CSF‐1 protects against oxidative stress. Here, we show that osteocyte apoptosis previously reported in our global CSF‐1KO mice is associated with increased Nox4, as well as 4‐HNE expression in osteocytes. Osteocytes isolated from CSF‐1KO mice were less viable and showed increased intracellular ROS, elevated NADPH oxidase activity/Nox4 protein, activation of mTOR/S6K, and downstream apoptosis signals compared with WT osteocytes. Nox4 expression was also increased in CSF‐1KO osteocytes and colocalized with MitoTracker Red in mitochondria. Notably, CSF‐1 inhibited Nox4 expression and apoptosis cascade signals. In additional studies, shNox4 decreased these signals in CSF‐1KO osteocytes, whereas overexpression of Nox4 in WT osteocytes activated the apoptosis pathway. To determine the role of CSF‐1 in osteocytes, DMP1Cre‐CSF‐1cKO (CSF‐1cKO) mice that lack CSF‐1 in osteocytes/late osteoblasts were developed. Osteocyte defects in CSF‐1cKO mice overlapped with those in CSF‐1KO mice, including increased apoptosis, Nox4, and 4‐HNE‐expressing osteocytes. CSF‐1cKO mice showed unbalanced cancellous bone remodeling with decreased bone formation and resorption. Continued exposure to high Nox4/ROS levels may further compromise bone formation and predispose to bone loss and skeletal fragility. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel link between CSF‐1, Nox4‐derived ROS, and osteocyte survival/function that is crucial for osteocyte‐mediated bone remodeling. Results reveal new mechanisms by which CSF‐1/oxidative stress regulate osteocyte homeostasis, which may lead to therapeutic strategies to improve skeletal health in aging. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research