bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creutzfeldt-Jakob–Like Syndrome due to Hypercalcemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Rösche Johannes , Sieveking Catharina , Kampf Christina , Benecke Reiner
Published: June 2014

Hypercalcemia can cause a subacute syndrome of progressive dementia and marked changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG). We report a case of iatrogenic hypercalcemia with a close correlation between the clinical course and the EEG changes. A 73-year-old woman presented with a subacute syndrome of progressive dementia and bursts of 1.5 to 2 Hz intermittent rhythmic delta activity superimposed on a low-voltage background activity in the EEG. Clinical and EEG abnormalities rapidly resolved after normalization of serum calcium levels. As part of the diagnostic workup of a subacute progressive dementia, a serum calcium level and an EEG should be obtained to detect a Creutzfeldt-Jakob like syndrome in hypercalcemia. Unlike in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob–like syndrome induced by lithium intoxication, there are rarely myoclonic jerks and periodic discharges in hypercalcemic encephalopathy.
Hypogonadism and Testosterone Therapy
Authors: Maganty Avinash , Osterberg E. Charles , Ramasamy Ranjith
Published: June 2014

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) use is increasing, primarily in men with symptomatic hypogonadism. There are many benefits associated with TRT use, including improved sexual function, improved bone mineral density, and increased free fat mass and strength. As TRT use increases, its role on cardiovascular health must be explored. While previous evidence identified no adverse cardiovascular risks associated with TRT use, more recent studies suggest that there may be an associated risk, especially in elderly men and younger men with cardiac disease. Care must be taken with TRT use in these groups of men by careful monitoring for cardiac dysfunction. While testosterone therapy has many benefits and may generally be well tolerated, those prescribing the therapy must be cognizant of the potential adverse cardiovascular risks and advise men on the potential risks versus benefits.
Forecasting military expenditure
Authors: Böhmelt Tobias , Bove Vincenzo
Published: June 2014

To what extent do frequently cited determinants of military spending allow us to predict and forecast future levels of expenditure? The authors draw on the data and specifications of a recent model on military expenditure and assess the predictive power of its variables using in-sample predictions, out-of-sample forecasts and Bayesian model averaging. To this end, this paper provides guidelines for prediction exercises in general using these three techniques. More substantially, however, the findings emphasize that previous levels of military spending as well as a country’s institutional and economic characteristics particularly improve our ability to predict future levels of investment in the military. Variables pertaining to the international security environment also matter, but seem less important. In addition, the results highlight that the updated model, which drops weak predictors, is not only more parsimonious, but also slightly more accurate than the original specification.
A cross-sectional national questionnaire survey assessing the clinical attitudes of members of the British Menopause Society to the management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Mittal Monica , Savvas Michael , Narvekar Nitish , Panay Nick , Hamoda Haitham
Published: June 2014

Objective

To explore the current clinical attitudes of members of the British Menopause Society to the management of premature ovarian insufficiency.

Design

An electronic cross-sectional questionnaire survey.

Setting

Members of the British Menopause Society.

Population

All members of the British Menopause Society with a valid email address.

Method

Completion of an electronic survey.

Main outcome measures

Investigations and treatment options and preferences for the management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency.

Results

A total of 130 questionnaires were returned and analysed. The majority of responses were from Hospital Consultants ( n = 55/130; 42.3%). A total of 53/124 (42.7%) clinicians routinely performed a bone density scan. A total of 73/130 (56.2%) clinicians would prescribe hormone replacement therapy in preference to combined ethinyl estradiol and progesterone (COC; 27/130, 20.8%). A total of 44/108 (40.7%) routinely prescribed oral estradiol in preference to transdermal administration (62/108, 57.4%). A total of 26/128 (20.3%) prescribed oral micronised progesterone, 31/128 (24.2%) oral progestogens, while 42/128 (32.8%) preferred the intra-uterine system. Fertility concerns remain an important aspect of care, with 33.9% ( n = 39/115) of clinicians indicating that more than 50% of their patients had a concern regarding their fertility.

Conclusion

The majority of clinicians indicated a preference for hormone replacement therapy instead of the COC as their choice of hormone replacement in women with premature ovarian insufficiency. However, there was a significant variation in practices. This information can be useful in counselling women and in guiding clinical practitioners. The results highlight the need for further research to determine the optimal regimens for the management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency.
Self-Perceived Influences on Musically Active Nonmusic Majors Related to Continued Engagement
Authors: Bowles Chelcy , Dobbs Teryl , Jensen Janet
Published: June 2014

This study investigated influences encouraging active music engagement beyond the high school and college years among nonmusic majors who are actively engaged in music. A web survey yielded a 50% response rate ( N = 476) from nonmajor students enrolled in performing organizations at a large Midwestern public university, whose responses addressed music activities in and out of school environments, influences on starting and continuing participation during high school and college, and whether ensemble directors promoted continued engagement. Results indicated high amounts of intrinsic motivation in both settings and active diverse curricular and noncurricular participation in music during high school. However, respondents indicated limited music activity outside of the college ensemble; indeed, a majority said they would not have sought a way to continue had it not been for the availability of a university ensemble that welcomed nonmajors. High school directors provided more encouragement to continue than college directors.
Factors influencing voluntary premarital medical examination in Zhejiang province, China: a culturally-tailored health behavioral model analysis
Authors: Gu Yaming , Li Lu , Zhou Chi , Yang Tingzhong , Dong Hengjin
Published: June 2014

Background

Premarital medical examination (PME) compliance rate has dropped drastically since it became voluntary in China in 2003. This study aimed to establish a prediction model to be a theoretic framework for analyzing factors affecting PME compliance in Zhejiang province, China.

Methods

A culturally-tailored health behavioral model combining the Health Behavioral Model (HBM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) was established to analyze the data from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey (n = 2,572) using the intercept method at the county marriage registration office in 12 counties from Zhejiang in 2010. Participants were grouped by high (n = 1,795) and low (n = 777) social desirability responding tendency (SDRT) by Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS). A structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to evaluate behavioral determinants for their influences on PME compliance in both high and low SDRT groups.

Results

69.8% of the participants had high SDRT and tended to overly report benefits and underreport barriers, which may affect prediction accuracy on PME participation. In the low SDRT group, the prediction model showed the most influencing factor on PME compliance was behavioral intention, with standardized structural coefficients (SSCs) being 0.75 (P < 0.01), and the intention was positively determined by individual’s attitude toward PME (SSCs = 0.48, P < 0.01) and subjective norms (SSCs = 0.22, P < 0.01) and negatively determined by perceived threat (SSCs = -0.08, P = 0.028). Attitudes and subjective norms were more crucial predictors for PME compliance than perceived threat (SSCs = 0.36, 0.269, and -0.06, respectively). County environmental factors played a role in PME compliance while less influential than behavioral determinates (16% vs. 84% in across factor variance partition coefficient).

Conclusions

PME compliance might be influenced by demographic, behavioral, and social environmental factors. The verified prediction model was tested to be an effective theoretic framework for the prediction of factors affecting voluntary PME compliance. It also should be noted that internationally available behavioral theories and models need to be culturally tailored to adapt to particular populations. This study has provided new insights for establishing a theoretical model to understand health behaviors in China.
Compliance of mothers following recommendations to breastfeed or withhold breast milk during rotavirus vaccination in North India: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rongsen-Chandola Temsunaro , Winje Brita Askeland , Goyal Nidhi , Rathore Sudeep Singh , Mahesh Madhu , Ranjan Rajat , Arya Alok , Rafiqi Farhana Afzal , Bhandari Nita , Strand Tor A
Published: June 2014

Background

Neutralizing antibodies in breast milk may adversely influence the immune response to live oral vaccines. Withholding breastfeeding around the time of vaccine administration has been suggested for improving vaccine performance. However, we do not know whether mothers find withholding breastfeeding around the time of vaccination acceptable and how they perceive this recommendation.

Methods

In a clinical study designed to examine predictors of poor immune response to rotavirus vaccine in infants in India, Rotarix® was administered to infants at 6 and 10 weeks with other childhood vaccines. For the study, 400 mother–infant pairs were randomized into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Mothers were either recommended to withhold breastfeeding or were encouraged to breastfeed half an hour before and after administration of Rotarix®. The mother–infant pairs were observed and the breastfeeding intervals were recorded during this period. Mothers were administered a questionnaire about their perception of the intervention after the infants received the second dose of Rotarix®.

Results

Almost 98% (391/400) of the infants received both doses of Rotarix®. Adherence to the recommendations was high in both groups. All mothers in the group who were asked to withhold breastfeeding did so, except one who breastfed her infant before the recommended time after the first dose of Rotarix®. Of the mothers, 4% (7/195) reported that the recommendation to withhold breastfeeding was difficult to follow. All mothers in this group reported that they would withhold breastfeeding at the time of vaccination if they were asked to by a health-care provider. Only one mother responded that withholding breastfeeding would be a reason for not giving rotavirus vaccine to her infant.

Conclusions

Withholding breastfeeding half an hour before and after vaccination appears to be acceptable to mothers in this setting. If withholding breastfeeding produces an improvement in the performance of the vaccine, it could be used to increase the public health impact of rotavirus immunization.

Trial registration

Clinical Trial Registry, India (CTRI/2012/10/003057), Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01700127).

Date of Registration: Clinical Trial Registry, India: 28 September 2012, Clinicaltrials.gov: 3 October 2012.
Continuous versus bolus intermittent loop diuretic infusion in acutely decompensated heart failure: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Palazzuoli Alberto , Pellegrini Marco , Ruocco Gaetano , Martini Giuseppe , Franci Beatrice , Campagna Maria Stella , Gilleman Marilyn , Nuti Ranuccio , McCullough Peter A , Ronco Claudio
Published: June 2014

Introduction

Intravenous loop diuretics are a cornerstone of therapy in acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF). We sought to determine if there are any differences in clinical outcomes between intravenous bolus and continuous infusion of loop diuretics.

Methods

Subjects with ADHF within 12 hours of hospital admission were randomly assigned to continuous infusion or twice daily bolus therapy with furosemide. There were three co-primary endpoints assessed from admission to discharge: the mean paired changes in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and reduction in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Secondary endpoints included the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI), change in body weight and six months follow-up evaluation after discharge.

Results

A total of 43 received a continuous infusion and 39 were assigned to bolus treatment. At discharge, the mean change in serum creatinine was higher (+0.8 ± 0.4 versus -0.8 ± 0.3 mg/dl P <0.01), and eGFR was lower (-9 ± 7 versus +5 ± 6 ml/min/1.73 m2P <0.05) in the continuous arm. There was no significant difference in the degree of weight loss (-4.1 ± 1.9 versus -3.5 ± 2.4 kg P = 0.23). The continuous infusion arm had a greater reduction in BNP over the hospital course, (-576 ± 655 versus -181 ± 527 pg/ml P = 0.02). The rates of AKI were comparable (22% and 15% P = 0.3) between the two groups. There was more frequent use of hypertonic saline solutions for hyponatremia (33% versus 18% P <0.01), intravenous dopamine infusions (35% versus 23% P = 0.02), and the hospital length of stay was longer in the continuous infusion group (14. 3 ± 5 versus 11.5 ± 4 days, P <0.03). At 6 months there were higher rates of re-admission or death in the continuous infusion group, 58% versus 23%, (P = 0.001) and this mode of treatment independently associated with this outcome after adjusting for baseline and intermediate variables (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 6.58 P = 0.04).

Conclusions

In the setting of ADHF, continuous infusion of loop diuretics resulted in greater reductions in BNP from admission to discharge. However, this appeared to occur at the consequence of worsened renal filtration function, use of additional treatment, and higher rates of rehospitalization or death at six months.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.govNCT01441245. Registered 23 September 2011.
Reconstruction of three-dimensional anisotropic microstructures from two-dimensional micrographs imaged on orthogonal planes
Authors: Sundararaghavan Veera
Published: June 2014

A pervasive method for reconstructing microstructures from two-dimensional microstructures imaged on orthogonal planes is presented. The algorithm reconstructs 3D images through matching of 3D slices at different voxels to the representative 2D micrographs and an optimization procedure that ensures patches from the 2D micrographs meshed together seamlessly in the 3D image. We show that the method effectively models the three-dimensional features in the microstructure using three cases (i) disperse spheres, (ii) anisotropic lamellar microstructure, and (iii) a polycrystalline microstructure. The method is validated by comparing the point probability functions of the reconstructed images to the original 2D image, as well as by comparing the elastic properties of reconstructed image to the experimental data.
What is wrong with NHS leadership development?
Authors: Edmonstone John
Published: June 2014

2014 will see the advent of a new fast-track leadership development scheme (costing some £10 million) for the NHS in England which aims to combine development for senior NHS clinicians with advancement for managers from outside the NHS. Following completion of this 10-month programme the expectation is that participants will be ‘rapidly promoted’ into senior management and chief executive roles ( Lintern, 2013 ). This is in addition to the £46 million to be invested in leadership development through the NHS Leadership Academy in what they describe as a ‘professionalised and standardised’ approach to leadership, based upon acquisition of academic qualifications, which are intended to become essential criteria for those applying for future NHS leadership roles. This article suggests that the approach adopted is based on unrealistic assumptions about leadership and leadership development and therefore will not make a significant difference to leadership in healthcare. It also outlines what needs to be done to ensure that the development of healthcare leadership is successful.
The GP-patient relationship and patient satisfaction
Authors: Dulewicz Victor , Van Den Assem Ben
Published: June 2014

This article examines the doctor-patient relationship from the patient's perspective and reports on the inter-relationships between patients' demographic data, continuity of care and satisfaction; and on their perceptions of their doctors' trustworthiness, practice orientation and performance. The aim is to determine how much of the variance on each (dependent) variable is accounted for by the other (independent) variables; and in particular patient satisfaction. Data were obtained from 372 patients through an anonymous questionnaire survey. Hierarchical regression and t-test techniques were applied to the demographic data and to the four main scales. The results showed that trust is the central factor, having a major influence on doctors' performance and practice orientation but especially on the main outcome measure, overall patient satisfaction. Continuity of care is the second most important factor as it is influenced by patients' perceptions of trust, doctor performance and practice orientation. More importantly, it has the second highest influence on patient satisfaction. Demographic variables, especially age, are also important for explaining patient satisfaction and continuity of care. The findings have implications for patient-care policy, practice and management.
The contrast of legislation and practice
Authors: Timmins Nick
Published: June 2014

Nick Timmins, senior fellow at the Institute for Government and the King's Fund, argues that autonomy has been forgotten in a government focused on accountability
Resilience, persistence and unshakeable optimism
Authors: Wilson Steven
Published: June 2014

In every quality improvement initiative, leaders will face challenging problems, changing circumstances, and unforeseen difficulties. What sets the successful leader apart is not their superior intellect or natural ability—it's the fact that they do not give up. They stick with an idea or a concept long after the majority have given up and moved onto something easier. As important as what quality improvement leaders do is the fact that they keep doing it. They overcome problems, shrug off setbacks and remain positive. This article explores the much underrated leadership qualities of resilience, persistence and optimism, and explains why these key ingredients are essential to leading a successful quality improvement programme.
An environment for learning: Children's favourite places
Authors: Lawrence Kerry
Published: June 2014

What do we really know about the best kinds of environments in which to learn and thrive in? Kerry Lawrence shares her research that included trying to ascertain what spaces children feel happiest in.
This is not ‘just’ a box
Authors: Horvath Judit
Published: June 2014

We have all known the child who plays with the packaging rather than the toy, and if we really stop to wonder why, we will realise that boxes are perhaps the best example of a cheap, multi-purpose resource.
The role of retraction in direct nerve injury in total hip replacement
Authors: McConaghie F. A. , Payne A. P. , Kinninmonth A. W. G.
Published: June 2014

Objectives

Acetabular retractors have been implicated in damage to the femoral and obturator nerves during total hip replacement. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical relationship between retractor placement and these nerves.

Methods

A posterior approach to the hip was carried out in six fresh cadaveric half pelves. Large Hohmann acetabular retractors were placed anteriorly, over the acetabular lip, and inferiorly, and their relationship to the femoral and obturator nerves was examined.

Results

If contact with bone was not maintained during retractor placement, the tip of the anterior retractor had the potential to compress the femoral nerve by passing superficial to the iliopsoas. If pressure was removed from the anterior retractor, the tip pivoted on the anterior acetabular lip, and passed superficial to the iliopsoas, overlying and compressing the femoral nerve, when pressure was reapplied. The inferior retractor pierced the obturator membrane in all specimens medial to the obturator nerve, with subsequent retraction causing the tip to move laterally, making contact with the nerve.

Conclusion

Iliopsoas can only offer protection to the femoral nerve if the retractor passes deep to the muscle bulk. The anterior retractor should be reinserted if pressure is removed intra-operatively. Vigorous movement of the inferior retractor should be avoided. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:212–6.
Anion exchange removal of Al3+ from Li+-Al3+ aqueous solution (originating from lithium recovery from brine)
Authors: Somrani Anissa , Hamzaoui Ahmed Hichem , M'Nif Adel
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study is to separate aluminum(III) ion from an aqueous solution containing Li+ at 25Â°C. Al3+ was transferred into [Al(C2O4)3]3- by means of complexation and removed by an anion exchange resin. This resin was anionic type Amberlite IRA 402 regenerated by sodium chloride. Hence, a theoretical study based on speciation diagrams was carried out to determine the best pH domain for separation. The complexation of aluminum ions by ammonium oxalate was studied. The motar ratio of Ox/Al and pH was investigated. Optimum values of these factors were found to be 3 and 4 respectively. In this case, the remaining lithium is 98.5%.
Uma análise de três situações para ensinar habilidades de trabalho a estudantes com deficiências
Authors: Alcantara Paulo R. , Plombon Viviane Kalil Fadel
Published: July 2014

Com o objetivo de avaliar três situações de ensino, analisamos independente e sequencialmente os efeitos da instrução ancorada baseada em vídeo na aprendizagem e generalização da aprendizagem de quatro estudantes com deficiências em duas tarefas de trabalho em ambiente simulado e ambiente natural. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental ABCD para a investigação do processo de aprendizagem das duas tarefas de trabalho. As fases do estudo foram: Linha de Base (A); Vídeo (B); Vídeo + Feedback (C); e Vídeo + Instrução Direta – utilizando o sistema mínimo de intrusão de pistas (D), e concomitantemente, foram conduzidas provas de generalização. Os resultados indicaram que a instrução ancorada sozinha no formato modelador, ou associada ao feedback e à instrução direta ajudou os estudantes a atingir o critério educacional de aprendizagem nas duas tarefas de trabalho. Os dados sugerem que a instrução ancorada baseada em vídeo parece possibilitar a aprendizagem dos estudantes, beneficiar a instrução do professor em desenvolver habilidades de tarefas do mundo real para seus alunos, assim como a generalização do conhecimento aprendido.
Inventário do acervo documental de Santa Maria de Seiça
Authors: Antunes Adriana
Published: July 2014

Resumo   O Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Seiça situa-se na freguesia do Paião e pertencia à Ordem de Cister. O arquivo deste Mosteiro diz essencialmente respeito à gestão patrimonial dos respectivos bens e rendimentos. É constituído ainda por documentos de carácter probatório, tais como alvarás, doações, privilégios, etc. Este trabalho tem como meta final dar a conhecer a documentação que foi produzida, recebida e recolhida pelo Real Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Seiça, no decurso das suas actividades conventuais, devidamente tratada, ordenada e sistematizada, existente no AUC.  Abstract The Monastery of Santa Maria de Seiça is located in the Ribeira de Seiça, Paião parish in the municipality of Figueira da Foz, Coimbra District. The monastery belonged to the Cistercian order and had a significant number of monks. The file of this Monastery mainly concerns the management of their assets and property and income documentation is sparse church, however, there are several transfers of documents issued by the Holy See, such as papal bulls. It also comprising probative value of documents such as permits, grants, privileges, etc.. This work aims to report on the final documentation was produced, received and collected by the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Seiça in the course of their activities convent, treated properly, orderly and systematic, from the AUC.
Convento de Santa Clara de Coimbra: Inventário do acervo documental
Authors: Guedes Gracinda
Published: July 2014

Resumo Fundado no século XIII, o Mosteiro de S. Clara de Coimbra veio a atingir relevância económica e social. Ao longo de seis séculos alcançou um património notável, em parte graças à proteção real e ao culto a Santa Isabel. O artigo ora apresentado resulta do estudo do acervo do mosteiro, existente no AUC. Trata-se, essencialmente, de documentos relativos à sua gestão patrimonial, além de alguns do foro eclesiástico. Após uma leve abordagem à história do mosteiro, fazemos a descrição multinível da documentação, à luz da ISAD (G), de que resultou um inventário. Esperamos ter facilitado o acesso à documentação a todos os investigadores interessados neste assunto. Abstract Founded in the thirteenth century, the Monastery of St. Clara of Coimbra came to achieve economic and social relevance. Over six centuries obtained a remarkable heritage, in part thanks to royal protection and the worship of Santa Isabel. The article presented here results from the examination of the archive of the monastery, in the AUC. It is composed, essentially, of documents relating to its asset management, and some of the ecclesiastical court. After a mild approach to the history of the monastery, we have made the multilevel description of the documentation according to ISAD (G), which resulted in an inventory. We hope we have made easier the access to documentation to all researchers interested in this subject.
O ARQUIVO DO CARTÓRIO NOTARIAL DO CENTRO DE FORMALIDADES DAS EMPRESAS DE COIMBRA NO AUC
Authors: Ramos Júlio
Published: July 2014

O presente artigo tem por objectivo dar a conhecer a documentação do Cartório Notarial do Centro de Formalidades das Empresas de Coimbra (CNCFE), incorporada no Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra em Novembro de 2010. Para tal, apresenta-se o respectivo inventário da documentação acima referida, apesar de a mesma ser necessariamente incompleta, já que é constituída por apenas uma parte de todo o arquivo daquela instituição. This little essay aims to make acquaint the documentation of the Cartório Notarial do Centro de Formalidades das Empresas de Coimbra (CNCFE), integrated by the Archives of the University of Coimbra in November 2010.In order to accomplish this goal, we present the inventory of the documentation that forms the archives of the said institution, even being this documentation incomplete, because it is only a part of the whole it came in the AUC.
Coleção de cartas recebidas pelo Doutor Joaquim de Carvalho: catálogo
Authors: Marques Carla
Published: July 2014

Joaquim de Carvalho nasceu a 10 de junho de 1892, na Figueira da Foz.Alcançou projeção nacional como historiador de ideias, em particular da ciência e dos pensadores portugueses e representa, na cultura portuguesa contemporânea, uma das primeiras figuras do século XX a optar pela especialização universitária enquanto modo de intervenção no espaço público.O acervo estudado neste artigo é constituído pelas cartas escritas por António Baião, diretor da Torre do Tombo e Laranjo Coelho, paleógrafo da mesma instituição, dirigidas a Joaquim de Carvalho.O objetivo deste trabalho é divulgar esta documentação ao público, a qual se encontra devidamente tratada, organizada e sistematizada.
Sexting and Sexual Behavior Among Middle School Students
Authors: Rice Eric , Gibbs Jeremy , Winetrobe Hailey , Rhoades Harmony , Plant Aaron , Montoya Jorge , Kordic Timothy
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE:

It is unknown if “sexting” (ie, sending/receiving sexually explicit cell phone text or picture messages) is associated with sexual activity and sexual risk behavior among early adolescents, as has been found for high school students. To date, no published data have examined these relationships exclusively among a probability sample of middle school students.

METHODS:

A probability sample of 1285 students was collected alongside the 2012 Youth Risk Behavior Survey in Los Angeles middle schools. Logistic regressions assessed the correlates of sexting behavior and associations between sexting and sexual activity and risk behavior (ie, unprotected sex).

RESULTS:

Twenty percent of students with text-capable cell phone access reported receiving a sext and 5% reported sending a sext. Students who text at least 100 times per day were more likely to report both receiving (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4) and sending (OR: 4.5) sexts and to be sexually active (OR: 4.1). Students who sent sexts (OR: 3.2) and students who received sexts (OR: 7.0) were more likely to report sexual activity. Compared with not being sexually active, excessive texting and receiving sexts were associated with both unprotected sex (ORs: 4.7 and 12.1, respectively) and with condom use (ORs: 3.7 and 5.5, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

Because early sexual debut is correlated with higher rates of sexually transmitted infections and teen pregnancies, pediatricians should discuss sexting with young adolescents because this may facilitate conversations about sexually transmitted infection and pregnancy prevention. Sexting and associated risks should be considered for inclusion in middle school sex education curricula.
Modelo para mediação do fluxo de caixa em risco: aplicação a distribuidoras de energia elétrica
Authors: Perobelli Fernanda Finotti Cordeiro , Securato José Roberto
Published: July 2014

O gerenciamento de riscos é um assunto que assume papel relevante no ambiente das instituições não financeiras. A despeito da importância crescente do assunto, discussões acerca da implementação de um modelo capaz de avaliar os riscos aos quais os fluxos de caixa das empresas estão expostos ainda são incipientes. Considerando a existência dessa lacuna e a importância do tema para as empresas, este estudo propõe a construção de um modelo teórico de fluxo de caixa em risco (ou cashflow-at-risk) e o aplica a empresas pertencentes ao setor de distribuição de energia elétrica no Brasil. Tal modelo deve ser capaz de informar a probabilidade de uma empresa ter um fluxo de caixa livre negativo em suas datas de pagamento.
O conceito de responsabilidade em Iris Young
Authors: Pinto Céli Regina Jardim
Published: June 2014

Iris Young, em trabalho publicado postumamente, trouxe importante contribuição para a teoria da justiça social a partir do conceito de responsabilidade e do que chamou de "modelo de conexão social", onde recupera o indivíduo e sua responsabilidade diante da injustiça ao analisar as diversas formas de relação do indivíduo com a estrutura social. O artigo em questão examinará os principais construtos teóricos de Iris Young, analisará as relações que a autora propõe entre sujeito e estrutura, o valor heurístico de suas teses e os limites por ela apresentados. Em seu decorrer, o artigo mostrará a distinção entre culpa e responsabilidade, discutirá a noção de responsabilidade vis-à-vis a estrutura social e descreverá o modelo de conexão social proposto por Iris Young.
O limite da normatividade na teoria política de Ernesto Laclau
Authors: Mendonça Daniel de
Published: June 2014

O presente trabalho consiste num esforço analítico que pretende refletir sobre o terreno da normatividade em teoria política baseada na ontologia política presente na teoria do discurso de Ernesto Laclau. Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo principal é discutir criticamente as possibilidades normativas para a teoria política em geral a partir de uma teoria política pós-fundacional específica. Partimos da discussão que estabelece que o pensamento político de Laclau deve ser tomado de um ponto de vista teórico e não como uma abordagem de filosofia política. Isso supõe uma aplicabilidade analítica, baseada em práticas políticas reais, que pode ser útil (com todas as limitações existentes como iremos explorar neste texto) para pensar sobre normatividade na política. Exploramos, a seguir, as noções de Laclau de ideologia e discurso, antagonismo e deslocamento. A partir da análise desses conceitos, estabelecemos os limites para se pensar a normatividade na teoria política de acordo com a teoria do autor.
Sentidos da crise: literatura e processos sociais em Fogo morto e Cidade de Deus
Authors: Chaguri Mariana Miggiolaro , Silva Mário Augusto Medeiros da
Published: June 2014

Este artigo aproxima os romances Fogo morto (de 1943), de José Lins do Rego, e Cidade de Deus (de 1997), de Paulo Lins, explorando a hipótese de que, ao figurarem aspectos de processos de crise social, as narrativas acionem a violência como mediação privilegiada das relações entre os indivíduos e destes com o Estado. Nesses termos, os conflitos em torno da autoridade e do poder estabelecem os nexos entre forma literária e processo social, possibilitando uma análise dos limites à efetivação dos direitos sociais e, consequentemente, da afirmação da igualdade como princípio regulador da vida republicana brasileira.
A abordagem cultural da Comunicação de James W. Carey
Authors: Subtil Filipa
Published: June 2014

A perspectiva cultural ou ritual de James W. Carey, expoente dos estudos culturais críticos nos EUA, para pensar a Comunicação, os media e o Jornalismo permanece praticamente desconhecida na língua portuguesa. Carey integra um conjunto de teóricos que, a partir da década de 1960, na Europa e nos EUA, procuraram caminhos alternativos à tradição de investigação norte-americana dominante, centrada nos efeitos, funções e usos dos mass media. Este artigo incide no ensaio fundador da sua proposta A cultural approach of communication (1975), embora não se confine ao mesmo. Três questões fundamentais são abordadas: Comunicação, Comunicação e modernidade e a visão cultural ou ritual da Comunicação. A hermenêutica crítica é a metodologia utilizada. Procura-se ir além das respostas de Carey ao seu contexto, destacando a sua contribuição para um entendimento da Comunicação como um ritual participatório no qual e através do qual os seres humanos geram, mantêm e transformam a cultura em que vivem.
As Relações Públicas e o debate sobre a propaganda no período entre-Guerras
Authors: Rüdiger Francisco
Published: June 2014

Originária dos Estados Unidos, as Relações Públicas são atividade cujo aparecimento e primeiras críticas estão ligadas à conversão da propaganda em fenômeno histórico de impacto político e intelectual. O artigo fornece elementos para o esclarecimento deste processo, ainda pouco notado entre os pesquisadores da Comunicação, pelo menos no Brasil. O principal salienta as linhas de convergência, mas, principalmente, de confronto entre sociedade e propaganda naquele país até o início da década de 1940. A abordagem segue um viés histórico, sem abrir mão da reflexão crítica sobre os materiais apresentados. Destacando o pioneirismo da obra de Noobar Danielian, marco inicial dos estudos de economia política de Comunicação, o texto conclui que as Relações Públicas foram transformadas em título de atividade profissional como forma de tentar legitimar, mas, também, de tirar de foco o escrutínio e criticismo que o fenômeno da propaganda havia despertado em vastos setores da sociedade norte-americana após a I Guerra Mundial.
A classificação da Publicidade e o discurso publicitário como fatores de construção das representações do rural
Authors: Daniel Laene Mucci , Amodeo Nora Presno
Published: June 2014

Este artigo apresenta parte dos resultados de pesquisa que analisou a representação sobre o rural na Publicidade da revista Globo Rural nas décadas de 1980, 1990 e de 2000. Os 384 anúncios foram analisados segundo o seguinte tratamento metodológico: classificação de suas categorias e conceitos publicitários; identificação de seus aspectos estruturais discursivos e semióticos, a partir de sua forma/arte e conteúdo/texto; e, codificação do conteúdo de suas mensagens. O objetivo, neste trabalho é descrever as formas, tipos e classes da Publicidade e o discurso publicitário recorrentes na revista analisada. Ao longo da análise e comparação dos anúncios, percebeu-se que à medida que o contexto se modificou, as representações sobre o rural acompanharam e manifestaram suas modificações.
Niñez y adolescencia en el contexto de la migración: principios, avances y desafíos en la protección de sus derechos en América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Cernadas Pablo Ceriani , García Lila , Salas Ana Gómez
Published: June 2014

El presente artículo busca dar un panorama sobre la situación de la niñez y la adolescencia en América Latina y el Caribe; específicamente, sobre los avances y desafíos actuales que se presentan a los países de la región en materia de los derechos humanos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en el contexto de la migración. Con tal fin, se hace una descripción general sobre el tema con base en algunos principios generales que se derivan de la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, a partir de los cuales pueden construirse ciertos estándares concretos aplicables sobre NNA migrantes e hijos/as de migrantes. Luego, se presentan sucintamente dos casos puntuales que dan cuenta precisamente sobre la variedad de contextos, oportunidades y retos sobre la temática en la región: Argentina y México.
I giovani migranti nelle scuole italiane: percorsi formativi, disuguaglianze, risorse
Authors: Colombo Maddalena
Published: June 2014

Nel 2013 la presenza di minori stranieri in Italia ha raggiunto quote numeriche importanti, soprattutto per la presenza di seconde generazioni (44%). Famiglie e giovani stranieri puntano sull'istruzione anche a compensazione di diritti sociali che sentono negati (ius sanguinis); i livelli formativi degli immigrati stanno aumentando gradatamente, ma si segnalano alcune criticità: a) la persistenza di un gap negativo tra i risultati scolastici degli alunni di nazionalità italiana e straniera; b) in certi istituti la maggiore visibilità delle diverse provenienze etniche in alcune aree sembra provocare disagi nelle interazioni tra autoctoni e immigrati; c) in alcune sezioni scolastiche ad elevata incidenza di stranieri, la concentrazione di problematiche sociali mette in allarme la concezione anti-discriminatoria e liberale della scuola. Tuttavia anche in tali sezioni ci sono risorse educative che non vanno sottovalutate.
A segunda geração de latino-americanos na cidade de São Paulo: a questão do idioma
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Camargo de
Published: June 2014

Embora São Paulo receba imigrantes provenientes de todo o mundo, a partir principalmente da década de 1970 podemos observar um aumento na entrada de imigrantes latino-americanos, especialmente bolivianos, paraguaios e peruanos. Os imigrantes latino-americanos têm construído suas vidas na cidade, estabelecendo residência, constituindo famílias e tendo filhos em São Paulo. Filhos estes que levantam a questão das gerações, sobretudo da segunda geração, que pode ser definida como a geração de filhos dos imigrantes adultos, que nasceram ou chegaram ainda novos ao país receptor. Compreender como a segunda geração tem se inserido na cidade e que relações mantêm com a comunidade local é fundamental para entender os efeitos da imigração para a sociedade. Portanto, este estudo busca explanar como vive a segunda geração latino-americana em São Paulo e suas experiências na cidade, destacando a questão do idioma.
Tópicos, supuestos e interrogantes en el estudio de y la intervención social con las migraciones internacionales: reflexiones desde España
Authors: Yufra Laura Cristina
Published: June 2014

El artículo pretende contribuir a lo que, a nuestro entender, constituyen ejercicios críticos "introductorios" para el abordaje teórico de los estudios de las migraciones internacionales y para la intervención social que toma a las personas inmigrantes como sujetos para llevar a cabo su acción. Nos parece importante interrogar a los grandes tópicos a partir de los cuales se piensa e interviene en relación con la inmigración en las sociedades contemporáneas, a la luz de su tratamiento en el caso español. Tales tópicos, exigen repensar constantemente los presupuestos y el posicionamiento teórico-epistemológico y político de quien lo afronta. La inmigración como "problema" y la integración como "solución" merecen un análisis detallado que arroja algunas preguntas que consideramos es preciso atender.
Multivalued backward stochastic differential equations with time delayed generators
Authors: Diomande Bakarime , Maticiuc Lucian
Published: June 2014

Our aim is to study the following new type of multivalued backward stochastic differential equation: $$\left\{ \begin{gathered}
- dY\left( t \right) + \partial \phi \left( {Y\left( t \right)} \right)dt \ni F\left( {t,Y\left( t \right),Z\left( t \right),Y_t ,Z_t } \right)dt + Z\left( t \right)dW\left( t \right), 0 \leqslant t \leqslant T, \hfill \\
Y\left( T \right) = \xi , \hfill \\
\end{gathered} \right.$$ where ∂φ is the subdifferential of a convex function and (Y
t, Z
t):= (Y(t + θ), Z(t + θ))θ∈[−T,0] represent the past values of the solution over the interval [0, t]. Our results are based on the existence theorem from Delong & Imkeller, Ann. Appl. Probab., 2010, concerning backward stochastic differential equations with time delayed generators.
Precise small deviations in L
2 of some Gaussian processes appearing in the regression context
Authors: Kirichenko Alisa , Nikitin Ya.
Published: June 2014

We find precise small deviation asymptotics with respect to the Hilbert norm for some special Gaussian processes connected to two regression schemes studied by MacNeill and his coauthors. In addition, we also obtain precise small deviation asymptotics for the detrended Brownian motion and detrended Slepian process.
Green coffee as a novel agent for Alzheimer’s disease prevention by attenuating diabetes
Authors: Varghese Merina , Ho Lap , Wang Jun , Zhao Wei , Levine Samara , Ono Kenjiro , Mannino Salvatore , Pasinetti Giulio
Published: June 2014

Diabetes type 2, caused mainly by insulin resistance, is growing in incidence worldwide. In addition to being a major public health concern, type 2 diabetes is also a risk factor for dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease type dementia. Coffee consumption is reported to have protective effects in both diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. We review here the reported beneficial effects of coffee in both disease conditions and the previously identified active ingredients of coffee. Furthermore, we revisit our recent findings of improved glucose utilization in the periphery and in the brain in a mouse model of high-fat diet induced type 2 diabetes after treatment with a decaffeinated green coffee preparation. Overall, consumption of coffee appears to improve diabetes and reduce the risk of dementia, although future studies are required to further identify the active components and the type of coffee that is most effective in addressing these conditions.
Words in motion: Motor-language coupling in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: García Adolfo , Ibáñez Agustín
Published: June 2014

A growing body of evidence indicates that neurodegenerative motor disorders involved high-order cognitive dysfunctions. Crucially, evidence obtained in multiple behavioral, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological studies points to selective impairments of action language -that is, processing of linguistic stimuli denoting motor actions, including idioms (e.g., cut a rug) and action verbs (e.g., clap). Action-verb deficits (with relative preservation of noun processing) have been repeatedly documented in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, research on relevant biomarkers is still scant, and clinical implications of these findings have not yet been formally discussed. Relevant insights may be obtained through the assessment of motor-language coupling (i.e., the behavioral and neural integration of action-verb processing and ongoing motor actions). We propose that motorlanguage coupling deficits, as indexed by a cortical-subcortical network, may constitute an early neurocognitive marker of PD. Specifically, deficits in this domain at the prodromal stage may be detected through the actionsentence compatibility (ACE) paradigm, which induces a contextual coupling of ongoing motor actions and action-verb processing. Our translational proposal is supported and illustrated by recent studies demonstrating the sensitivity of the ACE technique as well as its potential to assist in differential diagnosis and interventionprogram design.
The cognitive and neuroanatomical underpinnings of destination memory
Authors: Haj Mohamad , Allain Philippe , Kessels Roy
Published: June 2014

The ability to remember the destination to whom a piece of information has been addressed (e.g., did I tell you about the weekend?) has been labelled destination memory. Although this topic has been relatively scarcely studied, recent studies support the notion that destination recall can be the subject of important distortions in healthy younger and older adults and in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. This research also links destination recall to several cognitive domains such as episodic memory, executive function, and self-referential processes (e.g., did I tell you about the weekend?). The present review aims to assemble these findings into a comprehensive framework and shed light onto potential neuroanatomical underpinnings of destination memory, thus providing a promising venue for future exploration and research.
Common Structural Design Features of Rubrics May Represent a Threat to Validity
Authors: Humphry Stephen Mark , Heldsinger Sandra Allison
Published: June 2014

Rubrics for assessing student performance are often seen as providing rich information about complex skills. Despite their widespread usage, however, little empirical research has focused on whether it is possible for rubrics to validly meet their intended purposes. The authors examine a rubric used to assess students’ writing in a large-scale testing program. They present empirical evidence for the existence of a potentially widespread threat to the validity of rubric assessments that arose due to design features. In this research, an iterative tryout-redesign-tryout approach was adopted. The research casts doubt on whether rubrics with structurally aligned categories can validly assess complex skills. A solution is proposed that involves rethinking the structural design of the rubric to mitigate the threat to validity. Broader implications are discussed.
The Effects of English as a Second Language Courses on Language Minority Community College Students
Authors: Hodara Michelle
Published: June 2014

English as a second language (ESL) courses seek to address a primary barrier to college success for language minority students: second language issues that can inhibit their success in college-level coursework. But, there is a limited understanding of the effects of ESL on college student outcomes. Using a rich, longitudinal data set that includes 10 years of transcript data on community college students at an urban college system, I use a difference-in-differences approach to identify the impact of ESL compared with developmental writing. I find that the longer sequence length in ESL compared with developmental writing decelerates language minority students’ progression through college, but findings vary for first generation, second generation, and generation 1.5 students, highlighting the heterogeneous effects of ESL.