bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of the ecological effects of European Common Reed (Phragmites australis) on fishes and fish habitat in North America
Authors: Rose Emillie Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

The invasive European Common Reed (Phragmites australis), first established in North America in the early 1900’s, is now a dominant emergent aquatic plant in many coastal and inland wetlands. A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the extent of ecological impacts on fishes and their habitat, such as changes in the composition and abundance of native fishes and wetland plants, and alterations to water availability and substrate. The review indicated that a reduction in the abundance of native fishes was common (54.54% of studies), as were impacts to fish habitat (e.g., 54.54% of studies documented a change in wetland plant composition). Many studies were conducted in the eastern and northern United States, which showed that the abundance of juvenile and larval fishes was significantly lower in marshes dominated by P. australis, relative to those dominated by native plant species (Spartina alterniflora); however, changes to wetland plant abundance and composition, water availability, water temperature, nutrient cycling, substrate, reproduction and spawning, genetics of native fishes, and general food web effects were also observed. These results indicate that P. australis poses numerous ecological impacts to the structure and function of wetland habitats, with implications for the ongoing productivity of aquatic ecosystems.
A Comparison of Particulate Matter Exposures Between a Student’s Private Vehicle and Public Bus Transit Commutes
Authors: Patel Tirth M
Published: April 2019

Daily commuters of public transportation and private vehicles are exposed to a wide range of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). However, evidence of differences between commuting method has been building. In this study, the personal ultrafine particle (UFP) and black carbon (BC) air pollution exposures of a high school student were measured during their daily commute. In total, 39 commutes made between the student’s home and school were measured. These commutes were either by bus or private vehicle. Data was analysed using box plots and T-tests of statistical significance. Levels of BC were not significantly higher on buses (mean(SD) = 849(645) ng/m3) than cars (650(689) ng/m3) (p-value = 0.199). For UFP, levels were significantly higher for bus commutes (9393(6923) pts/cm3) than those of private vehicle (4234(6446) pts/cm3) (p-value = 0.045). Our findings suggest that bus commuters may experience higher exposure to UFP relative to private vehicle commuters. The higher UFP exposure may be accounted by the fact that city buses can have a higher air exchange rate due to the constant opening of doors.  As well, buses are mainly diesel vehicles, which are a strong source of UFP.
‘The Problem of Prostitution’: Repressive policies in the name of migration control, public order, and women’s rights in France
Authors: Calderaro Charlène , Giametta Calogero
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on the political debates that led to the adoption of the sex purchase ban (commonly referred to as the Swedish or Nordic model) in France in April 2016. It examines the convergence of French mainstream feminists and traditional neo-abolitionist actors in the fight against prostitution, and its impact on sex workers’ rights and wellbeing. We argue that there is continuity between the effects produced by the ban on soliciting enacted in 2003 and those created by the law penalising clients passed in 2016. In discussing the current repression of sex work in France, we highlight how the construction of the ‘problem of prostitution’ should be seen in light of broader political anxieties over sexism in poor neighbourhoods and immigration control, which justify the national priorities of security and public order.
Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives from 2,5-Dichloro-3-acetylthienyl Chalcones as Antifungal, Antitubercular and Cytotoxic Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity and Docking Study
Authors: SUBRAHMANYA LOKESH BONTHA VENKATA , PRASAD Y. RAJENDRA , SHAIK AFZAL BASHA
Published: April 2019

Twenty novel pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized from 2,5-dichloro-3-acetylthienyl chalcones by reacting with guanidine HCl in presence of KOH and ethanol under reflux for 6 h. Their structural characterizations were evaluated by ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy. They were also screened for antifungal, antitubercular and cytotoxicity activities. They were displayed good antifungal activity (MIC = 32-125 μg/mL) against Aspergillus niger and Candida tropicalis fungal species except compound 15 with 4"-pyridinyl moiety (MIC = 8.00 μg/mL) being more potent. Compound 5 with 2",4"-dichlorophenyl moiety was shown with good antitubercular activity (MIC = 6.2 μg/mL) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) stain. They have also tested for in vitro cytotoxicity activity against DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. In which the compound 15 with 4"-pyridinyl moiety (IC50 = 2.0 ± 0.1 μg/mL) and compound 17 with 2"-pyrrolyl moiety (IC50 = 6.0 ± 0.1 μg/mL) possess highly potent antiprostate cancer properties. The molecular docking was done with the crystalline structure of mitochondrial 2-enoyl thioester reductase Etr1p/Etr2p heterodimer from Candida tropicalis fungal species with compound 15 (-7.80 kcal/mol) and shown greater binding affinity than fluconazole (-7.60 kcal/mol). Docking was performed with protein crystalline structure (PDB ID: 2WEE) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) stain and among all, compound 5 was exhibited good binding affinity (-6.90 kcal/mol), compared to pyrazinamide (-4.10 kcal/mol). The protein crystalline structure of a mutant androgen receptor (AR) ligand-binding domain (LBD) (PDB file: 1GS4) was tested with compounds 15 and 17 (-7.60 and -8.20 kcal/mol). They were exhibited good binding properties compared to methotrexate (-5.10 kcal/mol). Hence, these novel pyrimidine compounds are as lead compounds as antifungal, antitubercular and cytotoxic agents.
Experimental Study on Change in Mechanical Characteristics of E-Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite by Adding Carbon Nanotube Layers
Authors: ALLEN D. ALBERT , RAMANAN G. , RAJAN R.R. NEELA , DARWINS A.K.
Published: April 2019

Polymer composite reinforced with fiber materials have always proven its superior significant enactment over numerous traditional materials, considering their incomparable strength to weight ratio and stiffness. Carbon nanotubes usage in glass-fiber reinforced polymer has high potential in changing the characteristics of composite laminates. Carbon nanotubes have engrossed composite fraternity in exploring the opportunity of utilizing them as a supplementary reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymer composites. This study examines the mechanical characters of glass-fiber reinforced polymer with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Composite laminated layers are fabricated using epoxy resin without carbon nanotube and with 0.5 and 1.5 % MWCNT. The materials were tested to determine tensile, flexural and compression properties. It is observed that the carbon nanotubes can enhance the mechanical properties in the composite laminates. Composite laminate with 1.5 wt % MWCNT exhibited good mechanical properties compared to that with 0.5 wt % MWCNT and without MWCNT.
Regioselective Synthesis of Novel [N-(4-Oxo-3-(2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)-thiazolidin-2-ylidene)]acetamide/benzamides and their Biological Activity
Authors: KUNDENAPALLY RAMALINGAM , DOMALA RAMESH , SREENIVASULU B.
Published: April 2019

In an attempt to discover the new antibacterial agents to fight the bacterial infections, a series of 1,8-naphthyridine based 2-iminothiazolidin-4-one derivatives was synthesized by a straight-forward regioselective synthesis. 2-Phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-3-amine (2) was reacted with acetyl or aroyl isothiocyantes to give the corresponding N-[(2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)carbamothioyl)]acetamide or benzamides (3a-e). Finally, the target compounds [N-(4-oxo-3-(2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)thiazolidin-2-ylidene)]acetamide or benzamides (4a-e) were obtained by the reaction of thiourea (3a-e) with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of pyridine. All the synthesized products were formed in good yields and their structures were characterized by spectral (IR, EI-MS and NMR) and physical data. The biological activity of title compounds was evaluated against the bacterial strains and found to be more potent.
Volatile Variability and Antioxidant Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil as Affected by Elevation Gradient and Vegetal Associations
Authors: SABBAHI M. , EL-HASSOUNI A. , TAHANI A. , EL-BACHIRI A.
Published: April 2019

The essential oil yield, volatile profile and antioxidant activity, of 37 samples collected from the Rosmarinus officinalis shrubs growing wild in the different ecosystems of the provinces of Taourirt and Jerada (Oriental region in the east of Morocco), were studied in order to determine the effect of the habitat and how the vegetal associations are influencing the volatile variability of their essential oil. The essential oil compositions were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yield of the essential oil extraction ranged from 1.09 to 2.81 %. The major components found were 1.8-cineol (37.71-65.02 %), camphor (6.09-27.49 %), α-pinene (3.08-9.98 %) and β-pinene (2.83-11.7 %). The interpretation of these results revealed that the variability is attributed to varieties and genetic background rather than the ecosystems. The antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay which revealed a strong radical scavenging capacity for all the samples with some variability which can be explained by the variability of the content of monoterpenes oxygenated.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitory Compounds from the Leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC.: Chemical and in silico Studies
Authors: SOMA MAHFUZA AFROZ , KHAN MOHAMMAD FIROZ , TAHIA FAIZA , AL-MANSUR MD. ABDULLAH , RAHMAN MOHAMMAD SHARIFUR , RASHID MOHAMMAD ABDUR
Published: April 2019

Glycosmis pentaphylla is traditionally used for treating many diseases in Bangladesh. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla have been reported prominently but no bioactive element has been identified so far. In order to explore its analgesic and antiinflammatory compound(s), phytochemical analysis was conducted. Nine compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla whose structures were solved as arborinine (1), vanillic acid (2), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid (3), benzoic acid (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), stigmasterol (6), β-amyrin (7), phytol (8) and 3α,16α-dihydroxyolean-12-ene (9) by spectroscopic studies, including high field 1H NMR analyses as well as co-TLC with authentic samples whenever possible. Among these, compounds 3 and 9 are the first report of their occurrence from G. pentaphylla. in silico docking studies of these metabolites with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, an enzyme responsible for producing prostaglandins, were conducted. It was found that only arborinine and phytol can bind in the active site of COX-2, which might be considered as the major responsible moieties to cause analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Classroom-Produced Journals: Integrating Undergraduate Research into the Curriculum and Publishing Scholarship through the Institutional Repository
Authors: Miller A.
Published: April 2019

Writing skills are an important part of a student’s academic success. Literature suggests that incorporating research into the undergraduate curriculum will not only strengthen their academic writing, but also the quality of the academic experience (Ho, 2011). Thus, allowing students to be active participants through an entire research lifecycle will not only enhance the curriculum but increase student engagement. The research lifecycle, including publication, requires both individual and group based efforts and both are essential to producing a classroom-produced journal.
Self-Regulation and Feedback in an Educational Statistics Course
Authors: Williams Amanda S
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of feedback timing and quality on student self-regulatory behavior.  Using a non-equivalent control-group design, students were assigned to either an immediate-detailed or delayed-grade-only feedback condition within the online statistics homework program, Aplia.  The groups were then compared on levels of self-regulation and ratings of perceived homework effectiveness.  Results indicate no significant differences between groups. Implications and the need for updated and more context specific measurements are discussed.  Keywords: online homework; self-regulation; Aplia; graduate student; statistics course
The Professional Development of English Language Teachers in Colombia: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Buendia Ximena Paola , Macías Diego Fernando
Published: April 2019

This article offers a review of 25 empirical studies to identify the areas and findings of professional development initiatives for in-service English teachers in Colombia. The reviewed studies suggest that language teacher professional development has focused on six major areas: language proficiency, research skills and reflective practice, teachers’ beliefs and identities, an integrated approach to teacher professional development, pedagogical skills and teaching approaches, and emerging technologies. Results suggest that there is a need to move from traditional master-apprentice, content-oriented, teacher-centered models of professional development towards initiatives that allow teachers to critically analyze their particular context and needs, and devise their own local alternatives so that they can become more active agents of their own process of change. Issues that constitute possible alternatives for future research in the professional development of English language teachers are discussed.
ANCAMAN DISKRIMINASI MINORITAS DAN HILANGNYA MULTIKULTURALISME DI INDONESIA: STUDI KASUS PENUTUPAN GKI YASMIN BOGOR
Authors: Sirait Budi
Published: April 2019

This article is based on research in Gereja Kristen Indonesia (GKI, Indoensian Christian Chruch) Yasmin Bogor as a case study. It has been years for the community to struggle for gaining permission to legally build the church. Court has decided to allow the community to use the building for religius activities. However, practically, the court's decision cannot be implemented because there was pressure for some parties, including from the local government, to refuse the operation of the church. The study is aimed to identify the dynamics and difficulties of being minority in a nation-state, called Indonesia. This lengthens the list of acts of intolerance and violence on minority within a democratic government, in which majority is still preferred. There is a celar need for changing the mindset of the state and society to resolve conflict based on religious belief, to enable equality in economy, politics and religious life.
Pendokumentasian Kegagalan pada Peralatan Main Liquid Fuel Pump GTG 1.1 dan Accessories Gear Train GTG 1.1 dengan Menggunakan Metode FMEA (Failure Mode & Effect Analysis)
Authors: Noorasheed Willy , Prahasto Toni , Munadi Munadi
Published: April 2019

Perawatan suatu asset perusahaan merupakan salah satu aktivitas atau tindakan utama yang dilakukan dengan tujuan meningkatkan keselamatan kerja serta menekan biaya pengeluaran dari suatu perusahaan. Suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan maju apabila kondisi pemasukan dari perusahaan tinggi dan pengeluaran kecil. Hal ini berkaitan dengan aktivitas dari perawatan suatu asset. Perawatan yang tidak sesuai memicu kerusakan atau timbulnya modus kegagalan dari suatu asset. Besarnya tingkat kerusakan dan perawatan yang kurang sesuai memberikan peluang akan terjadinya kerusakan baik yang dapat diperbaiki maupun yang harus diganti. Tingginya frekuensi suatu asset yang mengalami kerusakan yang mengharuskan untuk dilakukan pergantian mempengaruhi kondisi keuangan dari perusahaan tersebut. Disamping hal tersebut kerusakan pada suatu asset juga dapat mempengaruhi proses produksi yang berlangsung pada suatu perusahaan tersebut. Maka agar masalah tersebut teratasi salah satu solusi yang mampu mengatasi atau mengurangi tingkat kerusakan pada suatu asset yaitu melakukan perawatan yang sesuai. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan analisa terkait kondisi suatu asset yang rawan akan mengalami suatu kerusakan dengan menggunakan metode failure mode & effect analysis (FMEA). pada metode ini akan diidentifikasi mode kegagalan yang terjadi pada asset yang terkait. Proses identifikasi tersebut maka akan diberikan penilaian sesuai kondisi asset dilapangan. Dengan nilai tersebut maka dapat digunakan untuk memprioritaskan asset yang akan dilakukan tindakan perawatan. Hasil dari Penelitian ini didapatkan besar dari frekuensi terkecil excitation transformer (PPT) GTG 1.1, protection relay GTG 1.1, liquid fuel stop valve GTG 1.1, load compartment GTG 1.1  dengan memiliki frekuensi sebesar 52.3 minggu/ kegagalan.
THE AFFECTIVE SIDE OF WRITING MA THESES IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS
Authors: Wach Aleksandra
Published: April 2019

Academic writing, which necessitates a coordination of multiple higherlevel cognitive skills, poses a challenge to graduate students. The heightened cognitive demands often cause negative emotions, such as stress, frustration, discouragement, but can also evoke positive ones, such as pride, satisfaction, and a feeling of accomplishment. This article reports the findings of a longitudinal qualitative study which aimed at exploring the emotions experienced by the participants, eleven students in an MA seminar, in the process of working on their theses, and the affective strategies they used. The data were collected through diaries kept by the participants over one academic year in which they recorded the emotions that accompanied them during the writing task. The data revealed a fluctuating and dynamic nature of the negative and positive emotions, out of which frustration and satisfaction were the most frequently experienced by the participants. Moreover, a range of affective strategies to control emotions and persist in writing were identified in the diary excerpts. The study illuminates the need to cater to the emotional side of graduate students’ thesis writing by providing them with support and appropriate training in self-regulation.
WHAT MAKES TEACHERS DEVELOP PROFESSIONALLY: SOME REFLECTIONS ON MOTIVATIONAL ISSUES IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDY PROGRAMMES
Authors: Droździał-Szelest Krystyna
Published: April 2019

This article explores the concept of teacher professionalism, focusing primarily on factors motivating teachers to pursue professional development within the framework of formal, organized teacher development programmes offered by educational institutions. Its major purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of motivational issues involved in teacher education, or teacher learning, as it is sometimes referred to. Its other purpose is to liven up a discussion concerning language teacher education as a life-long experience. The article consists of two parts: its theoretical sections focus on the notions of professionalism and a professional, together with the concepts of autonomy and reflection/reflective practice, which are crucial from the point of view of teacher development. Next, factors motivating teachers to continue their development both as professionals and as individuals are addressed. The second part present  and discusses results of a small-scale individual research project which yielded some interesting data pertaining to motivational issues involved in teacher learning.
DIALOG DYDAKTYCZNY W UCZENIU SIĘ JĘZYKA OBCEGO
Authors: Karpińska-Szaj Katarzyna , Sujecka-Zając Jolanta
Published: April 2019

The article presents ‘didactic dialogue’ against the background of other interactive forms of remediation in foreign language learning. Drawing on the works of Antoine de La Garanderie, Reuven Feuierstein and Pierre Vermersch, three didactic approaches have been analyzed. Theoretical considerations have been illustrated with conclusions formulated on the basis of own studies on the use of dialogues in different educational contexts, which included: the diagnosis and remediation of language deficits of special educational needs students, remediation in the case of school failure in foreign language learning, and an interview after completing a task of retelling a story.
Chemical pretreatments of Trapa bispinosa's peel (TBP) biosorbent to enhance adsorption capacity for Pb(ll)
Authors: Zafar Muhammad Nadeem , Saeed Muzna , Nadeem Raziya , Sumrra Sajjad Hussain , Shafqat Syed Salman , Qayyum Muhammad Abdul
Published: April 2019

In this study,Trapa bispinosa'speel (TBP) biomass is exploited as an effective, low cost and new adsorbent to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. TBP is pretreated and modified with HNO3, HClO4and H2O2to enhance the Pb(II) removal and it is perceived that chemical modifications enhance the adsorption capacity of TBP. The adsorption behavior of Pb(II) is studied under different conditions, including pH (3-6), TBP dose (0.050.8 g), stirring speed (100-200 rpm), initial Pb(II) ion concentration (25-400 mg L-1) and contact time (0-1440 min). Kinetic study reveals sorption is fast in first 15 to 30 min achieving equilibrium in 60 min with qmax(mg g-1) are 77.09, 105.40 and 123.82 for NT-TBP, NA-TBP and HCA-TBP respectively. The Langmuir model successfully defines the sorption data having higher R2and good agreement between theoretical and experimental uptake capacity of Pb(II). The kinetic study exhibits that the pseudo-second order rate equation is better portrayed sorption process. TBP modified with HClO4shows the highest metal uptake in comparison to HNO3, H2O2modified TBP and native TBP.
Possible inflammatory pain biomarkers in postamputation pain
Authors: Buch Nina Stockfleth , Nikolajsen Lone , Karlsson Páll
Published: April 2019

Although chronic pain after amputation is frequent, the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. It is widely accepted that the pathogenesis of postamputation pain is multifactorial, with both peripheral and central mechanisms playing an essential role. However, recent studies suggest that the immune system plays an important role in different neuropathic pain conditions, including postamputation pain. Eleven amputees were included in this clinical study. Information on the type and intensity of spontaneous postamputation pain was obtained and evoked pain responses for brush, cold, and warm allodynia and pinprick hyperalgesia were determined. In addition, skin biopsies were taken from the amputated site and a contralateral control site and analysed for possible markers of pain: IbA1 (macrophages), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP). Irrespectively of the type and intensity of postamputation pain, no differences were found in IbA1, CGRP, and SP levels between the amputated site and the control site. Although no differences between the sites were seen in this study, this new method seems promising for our understanding of skin changes in amputees. In future studies, staining for other cytokines and inflammatory mediators in skin biopsies could provide new insight into the mechanisms of postamputation pain.
Evaluation of news communication effect based on cognitive neuroscience
Authors: Chen Xiaozhu , Zhang Fang
Published: April 2019

Based on the development of cognitive neuroscience and communication science at home and abroad, this study introduces the application of cognitive neuroscience experiments in communication researches at home and abroad, including the research and application of communication effects in advertising, picture, video, web design and animation culture. This study discusses the important significance of relevant frontier achievements to the development of news communication science. The rise of cognitive neuroscience provides a new perspective for understanding the psychological cognitive mechanism of the audience and optimizing the communication effect of service media. On the basis of introducing the status quo of cognitive neuroscience in audience rating evaluation of news broadcast, this study introduces the advantages and functions of this method in audience rating evaluation of news broadcast with eye movement experiment as an example, which provides a new method and empirical case for seeking audience rating evaluation of news broadcast.
Influence of cognitive neural mechanism on music appreciation and learning
Authors: Lv Yang
Published: April 2019

Based on the related research results of the relationship between cognitive neural mechanism and music in recent years. In this paper, we study the relationship between the cognitive neurons and music from the overlapping and separation of brain neuro-mechanism and the significance of functional relationships between the two. Through analysis, it can be seen that the cognitive neural mechanism has a certain influence on music appreciation and learning and the studies on brain-damaged patients show that the two may have separate and independent neural bases. Finally, we find the influence of sub-consciousness on decision making through the measurement of SCRs (skin conductance responses), and thus propose a decision model modified by subconscious and make an outlook for future research trends.
Analysis on artist neuropsychology and art creation
Authors: Huang Yaqi
Published: April 2019

Based on Carl Gustav Jung’s persona philosophy, this paper conducts theoretical analysis on the introvert and extravert personalities, distinguishes the introvert personality from the psychopathy defined from a medical perspective, and elaborates on the dominance of introvert personality in art creations, as well as the “mental conditions” among artists that the contemporary society is concerned with. This paper uses modern artists as subjects to support the conclusion through analysis of their childhood, career and life stories.
Duration of over- and under-treatment of hypothyroidism is associated with increased cardiovascular risk
Authors: Lillevang-Johansen Mads , Abrahamsen Bo , Jørgensen Henrik Løvendahl , Brix Thomas Heiberg , Hegedüs Laszlo
Published: April 2019

Objective

To investigate the association between hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both treated and untreated hypothyroid patients, and the consequences of over- and under-treatment with respect to cardiovascular risk.

Design

A registry-based case–control study nested within a population-based cohort of 275 467 individuals with at least one serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement in the period of 1995–2011.

Methods

Incident cases of CVD were matched with controls according to gender, age and year of birth. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate CVD risks associated with exposure to hypothyroidism, with adjustment for 19 pre-existing comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results

Overall, 20 487 individuals experienced CVD (9.4%, incidence rate 13.1 per 1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI), 13.0–13.3). Risk of CVD was increased in untreated hypothyroidism compared to euthyroidism (odds ratio (OR): 1.83 (95% CI: 1.43–2.35;P < 0.001)). Cardiovascular risk was increased in both treated and untreated hypothyroid individuals per half year of elevated TSH (OR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06–1.16;P < 0.001) and OR: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.09–1.23;P = 0.001), respectively). In patients treated with levothyroxine, OR for CVD was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06–1.18;P < 0.001) for each 6 months of decreased TSH.

Conclusion

Cardiovascular risk is increased in untreated, but not in treated hypothyroid patients. Among those with treated hypothyroidism, duration of decreased TSH (overtreatment) had a similar impact on cardiovascular risk as duration of elevated TSH (under-treatment), highlighting the importance of initiating treatment and maintaining biochemical euthyroidism in hypothyroid patients in order to reduce the risk of CVD and death.
Institutional Ethics Committees
Authors: Moon Margaret ,   COMMITTEE ON BIOETHICS, Macauley Robert C. , Geis Gina Marie , Laventhal Naomi Tricot , Opel Douglas J. , Sexson William R. , Statter Mindy B.
Published: April 2019

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed June 2023.

In hospitals throughout the United States, institutional ethics committees (IECs) have become a standard vehicle for the education of health professionals about biomedical ethics, for the drafting and review of hospital policy, and for clinical ethics case consultation. In addition, there is increasing interest in a role for the IEC in organizational ethics. Recommendations are made about the membership and structure of an IEC, and guidance is provided for those serving on an IEC.
Diversity Of Rhizobia Isolated from Nodules of Indigenous Tree Legumes from the Brazilian Dry Forest
Authors: Lyra Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira de , Freitas Ana Dolores Santiago de , Silva Maria Luiza Ribeiro Bastos da , Bezerra Rosemberg De Vasconcelos , Silva Vinicius Dos Santos Gomes da , Silva Aleksandro Ferreira da , Mergulhão Adália Cavalcanti do Espirito Santo , Dantas Edilândia Farias , Santos Carolina Etienne De Rosália e Silva
Published: April 2019

The diversity of rhizobial isolates in tropical dry forests (TDF) has been studied due to the great importance of finding new species of bacteria capable of fixing nitrogen in tree legumes.  In the Brazilian TDF (caatinga), Leguminosae is the most important family of plants, so the knowledge of microbial communities that make symbioses with native plants can help in the understanding of the interaction plant-microorganisms, as well as in the optimization of biological processes that can improve the cultivation system in an area so rich and understudied.  In this study was determined the characteristics of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir., Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth, grown in soils collected under caatinga vegetation.  The phenotypic and molecular characterization of the isolates, with use of fingerprint markers such as BOX, REP, ERIC and BOX-PCR were performed.  Amplification technique by duplex PCR with the nifH and nodC genes was used for the authentication of isolates.  The results showed that given the variation found in the amplification of the nifH and nodC genes, the duplex PCR technique can show false-positive results, as these genes have a very large polymorphism.  The lack of knowledge of isolates that make symbioses with these plants further help to conclude that this authentication technique cannot yet be applied to all legume-nodulating isolates.  Regarding the analyses made with fingerprint markers, it was observed that all were very efficient in the ability to distinguish species and that the greater the number of markers used, the safer the knowledge on the taxonomy and diversity of rhizobia.
Método del Cenirrómetro como alternativa de programación de riego por aspersión en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao)
Authors: Gavilánez Luna Freddy Carlos , Farias Chica Stalin Rafael
Published: April 2019

En una finca cacaotera de la costa ecuatoriana se evalúo la metodología del Cenirrómetro desarrollada por el Centro de Investigación de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia (Cenicaña) como una alternativa de programación del riego en el cultivo de cacao y se comparó con una programación a partir del tanque de evaporación clase A y tensiómetros.  Para el efecto se utilizó una plantación de cacao CCN – 51 con instalación de riego por aspersión subfoliar.  Se evaluaron dos módulos de riego seleccionando 16 aspersores en cada uno, para establecer la precipitación promedio.  En el suelo se determinaron los componentes texturales y los contenidos de materia orgánica para obtener indirectamente las constantes físicas de capacidad de campo, punto de marchitez permanente y densidad aparente, utilizando para ello el modelo Soil Water Characteristics del USDA.  Para las mediciones de evaporación se utilizaron dos recipientes plásticos, uno para la metodología del Cenirrómetro y el otro, para cumplir la función del tanque clase A.  Se consideraron una profundidad radicular efectiva de 300 mm y un umbral de riego de 0.25, lo que junto a un coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) de 1.10, permitió establecer una lámina constante para el Cenirrómetro de 16 mm (marca en el recipiente).  Se midieron el número de frutos/planta, el diámetro y la longitud de frutos, y el rendimiento de granos secos seleccionando 15 plantas en cada metodología.  Los datos fueron analizados utilizando la prueba ‘t’ de Student.  Los resultados de producción avalan la metodología del Cenirrómetro, por tanto, puede considerarse como una alternativa de programación de riego por aspersión en el cultivo de cacao.
Rooting of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) juvenile cuttings in microtunnels
Authors: Solis Leyva Reynaldo , Gonzales Chanzapa Nelly , Pezo Najar Jean´s Marlon , Arévalo López Luis Alberto , Vallejos Torres Geomar
Published: April 2019

The seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) have high levels of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, and due to their nutraceutical potential, their demand in the international market has increased in recent years.  This study aims at developing a method for rooting juvenile cuttings of sacha inchi in microtunnels, in order to propagate plants with superior genetic traits and shorten production cycles.  Two experiments were carried out in randomized complete block designs.  In the first were used juvenile cuttings of 8 cm and 2000 ppm of IBA according to previos studies, and tested two types of substrates (sand and Jiffy pellets) and two frequencies of nebulized irrigation (once per day and three times per day, each application was for 30 seconds).  In the second experiment were used again cuttings of 8 cm, and tested three levels of leaf area (25, 50 and 75 cm2) and five concentrations of indolebutyric acid (0, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm).  Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability.  The results show that using Jiffy pellets, one nebulized irrigation per day, juvenile cuttings of 8 cm length with 75 cm2 of leaf area, and 2000 ppm of indolebutyric acid induced high percentages of rooting (93.3%) and the best root formation in the process of vegetative propagation of sacha inchi.
Factores determinantes del aumento en el consumo de hortalizas frescas por habitantes de la región Caribe de Colombia
Authors: Reina María Martínez
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to establish elements to understand the consumers reasons to increase the quantities of fresh vegetables consumed in the Caribbean Region of Colombia. With information from 308 surveys applied randomly in seven cities of the Caribbean Region and using a structured survey that included variables such as age, family composition, prices, income, a Logit econometric model was formulated. Furthermore, with the contingent valuation method, parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood; moreover, the reasons that explain the possibility that families increase vegetable consumption were identified. Results allow us to appreciate first that 53 % of the surveyed respondents would be willing to increase consumption. The variable that explains mostly an increase in consumption is scholarship with a positive value of 0.7667 with a direct relationship, with a significance of 0.005, i.e. with a higher the level of education, the probability of increasing consumption is also higher, presumably because the consumer has more information about the properties and advantages that vegetables have for health. These decisions are also influenced by vegetable prices and consumer age, but in an inverse relationship, i.e. at a higher price and age, less possibility of increasing consumption was observed. On the other hand, variables such as number of family members have a direct influence on decisions to increase vegetable consumption.
Fotografía multiespectral para el diagnóstico fitosanitario del pasto kikuyo (Cechrus clandestinus (Hochst ex Chiov) Morrone)
Authors: Hoyos Rojas Jhon Edwin , Posada Asprilla William , Cerón Muñoz Mario Fernando
Published: April 2019

Se evaluó la posibilidad de diagnosticar el estado fitosanitario del pasto kikuyo (Cechrus clandestinum (Hochst ex Chiov)), empleando un sensor multiespectral acoplado a un dron. Para esto se registraron las reflectancias de 109 puntos de muestreo en las longitudes de onda Red (R), Green (G), Blue (B), Red Edge (RE) y NIR; las cuales se relacionaron con niveles de afección por plagas determinadas bajo metodologías de campo. Las longitudes de onda R, G, B y RE se correlacionaron moderadamente con el grado de afección foliar, cuyos coheficientes fueron 0.63, 0.51, 0.51 y 0.50, respectivamente y la longitud del NIR se relacionó de manera positiva baja (r =0.14). Se evaluaron 25 modelos lineales generalizados (MLG) calculados a partir de los valores de reflectancia, donde el modelo y= (41.330* R) + (1.38*NIR), con Deviance de 0.69 se estableció como el modelo de mayor parsimonia. Además es un modelo de facil aplicación porque utiliza únicamente dos bandas.
Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant components of the mature Cambuí metabolism
Authors: Nazareno Lailla Sabrina Queiroz , Miranda Maria Raquel Alcântara de , Pinto Maria Ketully Neyane Alves , Lopes Mônica Maria Almeida , Rufino Maria Do Socorro Moura
Published: April 2019

The objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant potential, present in mature fruits of cambuizeiro (Myrcia multiflora) from the Chapada do Araripe, Brazil.  In the fruits were evaluated: vitamin C, total anthocyanins, yellow flavonoids, total polyphenols, total antioxidant activity by the FRAP, DPPH and ABTS methods, and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity.  Cambui had an average vitamin C content of 56.40 mg/100 g, 2869.44 mg/100 g total anthocyanins 2858.50 mg/100 g yellow flavonoids and 1007.64 mg EAG/100 g of total polyphenols.  While the total antioxidant activity according to FRAP method was 123.94 μM ferrous sulphate/g, DPPH was 1805.66 g/g EC50, and ABTS was 32.62 μM trolox/g.  The enzymatic activity of SOD was 846,203 AU/g, while CAT did not read.  These results indicate that the mature fruits of cambuizeiro present high antioxidant potential, corroborating to the idea that their consumption may result in benefits to human health.
Pesan Dakwah pada Upacara Adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh
Authors: Umam Zazam Khairul , Diningrat Karsidi , Setiawan Asep Iwan
Published: April 2019

This study is to know the form of traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh,  and the messages of da'wah contained in the ceremony in the village of Palintang Village Cipanjalu Village District Cilengkrang Bandung. The formulation of the problem in this research is how the form or way of traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh and the message of dakwah at traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh. The method used is descriptive method, which presents a complete picture of social life and phenomenon of traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh in Kampung Palintang. Based on the results of research, has obtained the result that the traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh is a series of traditions at the wedding ceremony in tatar Sunda which has been implemented for generations. This tradition is usually held one day before the wedding day at home of the bride in the morning or evening. In the traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh there are messages of Islamic propaganda. The message of Da'wah in Ngeuyeuk Seureuh traditional ceremony is divided into two namely verbal and non verbal message of da'wah. The message of verbal da'wah contained in traditional ceremony Ngeuyeuk Seureuh is taken based on al-qur'an and hadith, while non verbal message of dakwah is found in all parts of traditional ceremony media Ngeuyeuk Seureuh.

 

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh, dan pesan-pesan dakwah yang terdapat dalam upacara adat tersebut di Kampung Palintang Desa Cipanjalu Kecamatan Cilengkrang Kabupaten Bandung. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana bentuk atau cara upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh dan pesan dakwah pada upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu menyajikan gambaran lengkap mengenai kehidupan sosial dan fenomena terhadap upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh di Kampung Palintang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh merupakan suatu rangkaian tradisi pada upacara pernikahan di tatar Sunda yang telah dilaksanakan secara turun-temurun. Tradisi ini biasanya dilaksanakan satu hari sebelum hari pernikahan di rumah calon mempelai wanita pada pagi hari atau malam hari. Dalam upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh ini terdapat pesan-pesan dakwah Islam yang terbagi menjadi dua yaitu pesan dakwah verbal dan non verbal. Pesan dakwah verbal  yang terkandung dalam upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh diambil berdasarkan Alquran dan hadis, sedangkan pesan dakwah non verbal terdapat pada semua bagian media upacara adat Ngeuyeuk Seureuh.
Ordinary People and the Great Time of Troubles: Homestead Ownership in Veliky Novgorod and Yaroslavl in 1606–1618
Authors: Arakcheev Vladimir
Published: April 2019

There are a lot of scientific papers about Russian cities between 16th and 17th centuries, however the discussion is focused mainly on economic activities and duties of citizens. The article presents the results of the study of transfer deeds of homesteads in Novgorod and Yaroslavl during the Time of Troubles. The dependence between the social status of the owner of a house, the value of his homestead and the character of its development is not always obvious. It turned out that in spite of the disorganization of state administration during the civil war, there was no mass transition of taxable households to ‘belomestsy’ in the cities studied. One of the most important factors of the economic crisis of the early 17th century was military and political violence, which resulted in mass death of men and deformation of the family sex and age structure.
The Zemsky Sobor of 1613: Elections Without Choice or Choice Without Elections?
Authors: Liseitsev Dmitry
Published: April 2019

Introduction. There is a significant amount of research devoted to the Zemsky Sobor of 1613, but even nowadays historians cannot agree on this event. There is a dominating concept in historiography whose supporters consider the election to the throne of Mikhail Romanov as the result of the national consensus and unity and also regard this as the end of the Time of Troubles. Meanwhile, a great number of sources indicate the decisive role of Cossacks in the enthronement process of the new dynasty founder. Possessing a numerical superiority over the supporters of the Zemsky Sobor, which did not act in full force, Cossacks achieved the proclamation of Mikhail Romanov as a Tsar.

Methods and materials. Solving this contradiction in the conclusions of researchers is possible only with the widest involvement of historical sources. First of all, the documents of the last weeks and days of “mezhdutsarstvie” should be analyzed. The attempts to follow ideologically conditioned concepts cannot bring satisfactory results in the solution of scientific problems.

Analysis. Document analysis of the late 1612 and the early1613 leads to the conclusion that after the liberation of Moscow, the real power in the capital was in the hands of “duumvirate” – the leaders of the militia of Pr. D.T. Trubetskoy and Pr. D.M. Pozharsky. They did not lose their influence even when many orders were officially proclaimed on behalf of the Zemsky Sobor. At the same time, Pr. Trubetskoy seriously planned to take the throne with the help of Cossacks. The unexpected intervention of Cossacks in the support of Mikhail Romanov broke Trubetskoy’s plans. Nevertheless, the “duumvirs” tried to ignore the acclamation that took place on February 21, 1613 for several days.

Results. Only under the pressure of the armed Cossack mass, the government had to swear allegiance to Mikhail Romanov and begin notifying provinces on the election of a new sovereign. Despite this fact, the leaders of the people’s militia retained the influence in the capital until the arrival of Tsar Mikhail to Moscow. Thus, preserved sources allow to significantly clarify the course of political events in Moscow in the first months of 1613.
The Events and Participants of the Time of Troubles in the Russian Memorial Culture
Authors: Krinko Evgeny , Goryushina Evgeniya
Published: April 2019

Introduction. The study of historical memory has recently become one of the most relevant research areas. The Time of Troubles of the early 17th century is one of the most acute socio-political crises in the history of the country which has been arousing the interest of many historians. At the same time, the features of reflecting events and participants of the Time of Troubles in various forms of historical memory are becoming the subject of special studies.

Methods and materials. The authors used the institutional approach,general scientific methods of logical analysis, the comparative historical and problem chronological methods, the situational analysis. The article is based on the authors’ field observations, historiographic sources and mass media publications.

Analysis. Three periods can be distinguished in the memorialization of events and participants of the Time of Troubles: pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet. They are closely related to the periods in the history of the Russian and Soviet states and the policy of memory. In addition, each of them is divided into two stages.

Results. In the 17th – 18th centuries, honoring events, heroes and martyrs of the Time of Troubles took religious forms. In the 19th century, the policy of memory was separated from the church and became an independent area of activity. But its dependence on the state was increasing, especially in the era of Nicholas I’s reign. This was evidenced by forming the cult of Susanin. The largest ideological campaign of imperial Russia which caused a significant increase in the number of memorial events and objects dedicated to the Time of Troubles was the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. After the revolution of 1917, a program of monumental propaganda was implemented. It included overthrowing old monuments of the monarchy and establishing new ones, including ones dedicated to popular movements and their leaders, and Bolotnikov was one of them. Closing and destructing temples acquired a massive character. It involved temples dedicated to the Time of Troubles as well. But since the late 1930s, Soviet policy of memory returned to patriotic principles, which led to creating new monuments to Susanin, Minin and Pozharsky. The modern period in the Soviet policy of memory development is characterized by restoring destroyed temples and erecting new monuments to participants of the Time of Troubles, including those who were “omitted figures”. National Unity Day gave a significant impetus to creating memorial objects in honor of the events and heroes of the Time of Troubles. Monuments of regional and local significance appeared in many places. They were designed not only to “fit” the fate of a particular locality into the general history of the country, but also to make it more attractive for tourists.