bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Drones-Multiple-Trucks Routing Problem for Disruption Assessment
Authors: Ermagun Alireza , Tajik Nazanin
Published: July 2022

This study proposes a multiple-drones-multiple-trucks (MDMT) routing problem to assess infrastructure in the areas of disruption epicenters using multiple drones that operate in synchronicity with multiple trucks. Incorporating the trucks as moving depots enables drones to move across disrupted areas further from their flight range. The MDMT routing problem is formulated as mixed integer linear programming (MILP). This is an NP-Hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time Hardness) problem, which is solved by introducing a greedy heuristic algorithm to cluster the disrupted locations and plan each drone’s schedule within each disrupted cluster and between clusters. Both MILP and the greedy heuristic algorithm are tested for small to large test problems extracted from the Minneapolis–St. Paul freeway system with a grid-like network topology. Results show that disrupted locations’ spatial distribution affects the efficient number of active drones and trucks in the system. When direct travel between two nodes takes longer than other alternative paths, increasing the number of trucks accelerates the assessment procedure. Findings also indicate that the spatial distribution of disruptions clustered by the greedy heuristic algorithm is correlated with the routing time and affects drone scheduling. If clusters are scattered, each drone is typically assigned to one cluster for damage assessments. With a dense pocket of clusters in the network, however, a drone moves back and forth between multiple clusters. The proposed framework for disruption assessment provides insights on the optimal deployment of resources to collect information following a network disruption. Practitioners will also benefit from the findings to augment resource management.
Adult Basic Education Under WIOA Title II Implementation: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Cherewka Alexis , Prins Esther
Published: July 2022

Adult basic education (ABE) scholars, practitioners, and policymakers have long debated the purpose and outcomes of federal ABE policy. Although the current policy, the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), became law in 2014, there is no comprehensive analysis of the diverging perspectives on WIOA implementation. This integrative literature review generates a synthesis of WIOA-Title II implementation and suggests implications for future research. Based on a thematic analysis of 35 publications (2014–2021), the paper elaborates on four themes: limited ABE funding and the need to use funds efficiently, WIOA-mandated coordination between ABE providers and workforce development partners, increased accountability requirements that narrowly focus on economic outcomes, and framing adult education for economic purposes. Future research on WIOA-Title II implementation should build on this foundation to inquire for whom WIOA works, where it works, and under what conditions it is or isn’t successful in helping learners to flourish.
A green cleaning technology for blind hole remanufacturing blanks with supercritical n-butanol
Authors: Cheng Huanbo , Guo Lijun , Liu Weihao , Qian Zhengchun , Feng Yong
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to solve the problem of incomplete cleaning for blind hole remanufacturing blanks and damaging the matrix material in the cleaning process, a novel cleaning method by supercritical n-butanol is proposed. The feasibility of cleaning blind hole remanufacturing blanks is verified, and the mechanism of supercritical n-butanol cleaning is analyzed. The surface cleanliness of matrix structure, the properties change of matrix material and the environmental impact of the cleaning process are explored. The results indicated that there were no contaminants on the surface of cleaned matrix structure under the temperature 300°C, pressure 5.5 MPa, and cleaning time 10 min. Hardness, yield strength and tensile strength of matrix material after cleaning could increase by approximately 14%, 8%, and 5%, respectively. Compared with subcritical water, the oxidation degree of matrix structure cleaned by supercritical n-butanol was lower. Compared with high-temperature cleaning, seven environmental indexes of supercritical n-butanol cleaning process decreased significantly. Supercritical n-butanol cleaning is an ideal choice for blind hole remanufacturing blanks.
Microstructure and texture evolution during the groove rolling of cast aluminum/carbon nanotube composites
Authors: Nayan Niraj , Madhavan R , Saxena Kuldeep K , Narayana Murty SVS , Bakshi SR
Published: July 2022

Aluminum/carbon nanotubes composites have been processed by ingot metallurgy route. The cast ingots are subjected to 94% thickness reduction by groove rolling. In the composite with the lower concentration of aluminum/carbon nanotubes, the deformation of the matrix is homogeneous due to sparse distribution of aluminum/carbon nanotubes. However, on higher aluminum/carbon nanotube addition, sub-grain formation is confined closer to the prior aluminum/carbon nanotube regions indicating heterogeneity in deformation. Deformation texture of the rolled composites weakened with increasing aluminum/carbon nanotube content, due to the random distribution of sub-grain orientation near aluminum/carbon nanotube particles. Raman spectroscopy of the composite indicated two peaks first at 1336 cm−1 and the second at 1566 cm−1 corresponding to the D and G bands, respectively, and also the generation of surface defects in aluminum/carbon nanotubes during the rolling process.
Perceptual and Cognitive Judgments Show Both Anchoring and Repulsion
Authors: Spicer Jake , Zhu Jian-Qiao , Chater Nick , Sanborn Adam N.
Published: July 2022

One of the most robust effects in cognitive psychology is anchoring, in which judgments show a bias toward previously viewed values. However, in what is essentially the same task as used in anchoring research, a perceptual illusion demonstrates the opposite effect of repulsion. Here, we united these two literatures, testing in two experiments with adults (total N = 200) whether prior comparative decisions bias cognitive and perceptual judgments in opposing directions or whether anchoring and repulsion are two domain-general biases whose co-occurrence has so far gone undetected. We found that in both perceptual and cognitive tasks, anchoring and repulsion co-occur. Further, the direction of the bias depends on the comparison value: Distant values attract judgments, whereas nearby values repulse judgments. Because none of the leading theories for either effect account for both biases, theoretical integration is needed. As a starting point, we describe one such joint theory based on sampling models of cognition.
The unappreciated relevance of auxiliary assumptions for evaluating theory-based interventions in health psychology
Authors: St Quinton Tom , Trafimow David
Published: July 2022

The use of theory in health behavior change interventions has been recently questioned with mixed results found for theory-based intervention effectiveness. But theory testing in intervention depends on not only theoretical assumptions, but on auxiliary assumptions too. Specifically, auxiliary assumptions are required to traverse the distance from nonobservational terms in theories and observational terms at the level of the empirical hypotheses in interventions. We believe intervention failures are often due to flaws in auxiliary assumptions rather than assumptions at the theoretical level. We use the theory of planned behavior to illustrate how the consideration of these auxiliary assumptions is important to appraise the effectiveness of interventions informed by theory. We hope that bringing attention to the importance of auxiliary assumptions provides a more nuanced and accurate appraisal of theory utility.
Cross-Modal Interactions of the Tactile System
Authors: Sathian K. , Lacey Simon
Published: July 2022

The sensory systems responsible for touch, vision, and hearing have traditionally been regarded as mostly separate. Contrary to this dogma, recent work has shown that interactions between the senses are robust and abundant. Touch and vision are both commonly used to obtain information about a number of object properties, and they share perceptual and neural representations in many domains. Additionally, visuotactile interactions are implicated in the sense of body ownership, as revealed by powerful illusions that can be evoked by manipulating these interactions. Touch and hearing both rely in part on temporal-frequency information, which leads to a number of audiotactile interactions reflecting a good deal of perceptual and neural overlap. The focus in sensory neuroscience and psychophysics is now on characterizing the multisensory interactions that lead to humans’ panoply of perceptual experiences.
Bringing Sociology of Law Back into Pierre Bourdieu's Sociology: Elements of Bourdieu's Sociology of Law and Dispute Transformation
Authors: Olesen Annette , Hammerslev Ole
Published: July 2022

The academic response to Bourdieu's sociology of law has mainly followed his Weberian focus on the role of legal professionals in state transformations. However, rereading Bourdieu's “The Force of Law” through the lens of its references and relating it to the sociology of law “of the moment” (i.e. that of the 1980s), it becomes clear that Bourdieu's sociology of law is more sophisticated than has generally been acknowledged. In this article, we reread Bourdieu's article with a specific focus on the hitherto overlooked parts that elucidate dispute transformation. We unpack one of Bourdieu's most central sources, Felstiner et al. (1981) , by rereading it in the light of Bourdieu's sociological tools. Emphasizing Bourdieu's implicit points about the pre-dispute phase accentuates how habitual dispositions and forms of capital have an impact on the possibilities available to citizens to transform a justiciable problem into a legal dispute.
Priority Sector Lending: The Necessity to Restructure the Banks to Meet the Expanding Needs of the Economy
Authors: Chaturvedi Pritha
Published: July 2022

Following the nationalisation of a number of significant banks, obligatory lending to priority industries achieved its goal. However, the political class sabotaged the entire process; the rural people were exploited for political benefit, and these institutions are now burdened with rising non-performing assets. Despite all of the technological advancements in the agricultural industry, it remains reliant on the rain gods, with the monsoon’s whims wreaking havoc on our country’s poor farmers. The reports of heavily in debt farmers committing suicide as a result of crop failure and their inability to meet their obligations are heartbreaking, and they necessitate a dedicated group of bank offices who can understand and appreciate the plight of these farmers, acting as a friend, philosopher and guide to the distressed farmers. This necessitates a shift in mindset at all levels of financial institutions. This article attempts to present the effect of the transition in the priority sector lending needs, reforms in the current context of shifting value systems and the necessity to build our banks along the sound lines to meet our economy’s expanding needs.
Workplace Spirituality and Psychological Capital (PsyCap) of the Employees: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sarkar Ayatakshee , Garg Naval , Palo Sasmita
Published: July 2022

Grounded on the broaden-and-build theory, the study examines whether spirituality at the workplace is a significant antecedent of psychological capital. The study uses single-source data from 347 employees employed in several industries in India. Data are analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) v.3.3.3. Both measurement and structural models are evaluated. The findings reveal that workplace spirituality evokes psychological capital (PsyCap) resources of hope, optimism, efficacy, and resilience. It demonstrates how employees in collectivist cultural settings embrace spirituality to conserve positive psychological resources at their workplaces. Hence, business leaders, OD practitioners need to instil and arouse spirituality-based interventions through work, climate, and organization settings. The study has many implications for business managers, HRs and OD practitioners. It highlights the significance of spiritual mind set and practices that need to be emphasized at the workplace to utilize the psychological resources embodied in their employees fully. This study is one of a kind in which the researchers have nailed down to what leads to the creation and sustainability of PsyCap at workplace.
Hidden costs, hidden lives: Financial effects of fatal work injuries on families
Authors: Matthews Lynda R , Quinlan Michael , Jessup Glenda M , Bohle Philip
Published: July 2022

Although workplace death is known to have profound social and psychological effects on families, the economic consequences have not been explored. This pioneering study investigated families’ financial situations following fatal workplace injuries. An online survey explored the impact of post-death financial change on 142 participants from Australia, Canada, the USA, and the UK using a scale from the economic strain model. Half of the participants experienced financial loss, and the proportion struggling financially increased from 24% to 62% after the death. Workers’ compensation claims were made by 74% of participants, but they reported problems with delays, levels of entitlement, and satisfaction with the scheme. Other key sources of assistance were family and friends or support groups and services. Participants who were older, next-of-kin, and partner/spouses were significantly more likely to experience financial loss as were those whose deceased relative worked 51+ hours per week, possibly because the deceased was self-employed or worked significant overtime not covered by compensation settlements. Those experiencing financial loss sought short- and long-term financial help, accessed social security, re-entered the workforce, acquired mental disorders, and experienced declines in physical health, at significantly higher rates than participants without financial loss, and their children developed mental health problems significantly more often. Findings highlight the detrimental, and potentially intergenerational, effects of financial loss on the health and wellbeing of families bereaved by traumatic workplace deaths. Policy issues flowing from the results are discussed, including how this informs wider debates on refashioning regulatory protection.
Curcumin and carvacrol mediated photodynamic inactivation with 405 nm light emitting diodes (LEDs) on Salmonella Enteritidis
Authors: Keyvan Erhan , Kahraman Hatice Ahu , Tutun Hidayet , Dönmez Soner , Şen Erdi , Çalişkan Zühal , Rugji Jerina , Demirtaş Ahu , Akyüz Ali Özhan
Published: July 2022

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) has a potential application for food preservation that can minimize food pathogens posing risks to consumer health. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination in the presence of carvacrol and curcumin against Salmonella Enteritidis and S. Enteritidis PT4 at different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C) and time parameters (15 min, 30 min and 45 min) in the illumination system. Compared to their individual treatment, the decrease in the bacterial population was stronger in bacteria treated with LEDs + carvacrol or LEDs + curcumin. Co-application of carvacrol or curcumin with LEDs at 37 °C showed strong antibacterial activity against both bacteria depending on the application time. Co-application at 37 °C for 45 min completely inhibited the growth of S. Enteritidis. LEDs, curcumin, carvacrol applications alone or LEDs + curcumin, LEDs + carvacrol applications caused a decrease in bacterial population in proportion to the increase in the storage temperature and application times. These results showed that carvacrol or curcumin potentiates LEDs illumination therapy against both bacteria. Future studies on adapting the PDI system to control bacteria in a variety of foods may help develop novel strategies to fight against foodborne bacterial pathogens.
The relationship between interdependent and independent self-construals and social anxiety symptom severity in a clinical sample of treatment-seeking patients
Authors: Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Simon Savannah , Brown Lily , Asnaani Anu
Published: July 2022

Differences in cultural orientations, such as interdependent and independent self-construals, may influence social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptom presentations. However, prior research on the association between interdependent/independent self-construals and SAD was limited to non-clinical samples. Using a treatment-seeking population with clinical levels of anxiety, the current study extends prior research by examining whether the relationship between interdependent/independent self-construals and SAD is specific to SAD or indicative of a broader relationship with anxiety or depression more generally. We also expand upon prior work by examining the effect of self-construals on treatment outcomes and whether self-construals change over time. The results showed that endorsing a less independent self-construal was associated with greater SAD symptoms specifically, and was not associated with other anxiety or depression symptom measures. Additionally, while interdependent and independent self-construals did not moderate SAD treatment outcomes, there was a decrease in interdependent self-construal and increase in independent self-construal over a course of cognitive behavioral therapy. Notably, this change over time was tied to specific items that correlated strongly with SAD symptoms. Together, these results increase our understanding of the relationship between interdependent/independent self-construals and SAD symptoms in treatment-seeking anxiety patients.
Use of benzodiazepine and related drugs in migrants and Finnish-born persons: a nationwide register-based study
Authors: Lehti Venla , Salama Essi , Niemelä Solja , Tanskanen Antti , Gissler Mika , Suvisaari Jaana , Taipale Heidi
Published: July 2022

Aims:

Benzodiazepines and related drugs (BZDR) are often used longer than generally recommended. The aim is to study patterns of use among migrant and Finnish-born users of BZDR, and to identify factors that are associated with long-term use and BZDR polytherapy.

Methods:

This register-based study includes a nationwide sample of migrants ( n=8729) and their Finnish-born controls ( n=11 388) who had purchased BZDR in 2011–2014, but not in 2009–2010. Information on drug purchases was obtained from the National Prescription Register and the duration of drug use was estimated using PRE2DUP method. The main outcomes were long-term use of BZDR, polytherapy and time until discontinuation of BZDR use. Sociodemographic variables and information on preceding psychiatric diagnoses were included as covariates. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were the statistical methods used.

Results:

Only migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa were more likely to discontinue the medication once initiated than Finnish-born users. Migrants were significantly less likely to be long-term users (adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.70–0.89) or polytherapy users (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.97) of BZDR compared with Finnish-born participants.

Conclusions:

Migrants had less long-term and concomitant use of several BZDR than Finnish-born participants. The pattern of use is more optimal among migrants, but it may also reflect poorer access to mental health treatment.
A quasi-static contact model for global dynamic simulation of multibody system with contact-impact
Authors: Wang Jianyao , Wang Hongdong
Published: July 2022

The global impact dynamics of multibody system is challenging due to the multi-scale characteristics of slow-changing non-contact process and fast-changing impact process. To solve the contradiction between the impact accuracy and the global simulation efficiency, a novel quasi-static contact model is proposed where the local contact domain is finely discretized and the energy loss caused by elastoplasticity is considered, and the real-time force-displacement interaction is established to execute the global integration capably. Through the experimental case of flexible pendulum impact, the proposed model is compared with measurements and existing methods, including impulse method, continuous contact force method and nonlinear finite element method. It is shown that the impulse method and continuous contact force method are both sensitive to the coefficient of restitution, yielding uncertain results. The nonlinear finite element method can accurately describe the impact process, but its calculation scale is too large to apply to the global simulation. The quasi-static model can accurately describe the response of the global process and does not rely on artificial selection of any parameters, and the calculation efficiency is greatly improved compared with the nonlinear finite element method.
Learning problem solving to manage school-life challenges: The impact on student success in college
Authors: Burke Adam , Stewart Susan
Published: July 2022

Colleges and universities have implemented a broad range of initiatives to support student success. Problem solving courses and course supplements are one approach. Evaluation of these courses has shown positive outcomes in terms of improved academic performance and other benefits. A number of these studies have also reported the largest positive effects with underperforming student groups. To further explore this approach a novel general education academic success course was developed. The course integrated a comprehensive problem-solving model into lectures and assignments as the basis of an active learning instructional strategy. Students were taught the model along with relevant academic skills content. They then applied the model to a personal challenge affecting their success in school and life. Using a matched cohort design, 826 course participants were compared with a campus-wide sample matched on key variables. Generalized linear models were used to estimate between group mean differences, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare time to graduation. Results showed that students who successfully completed the course achieved higher cumulative GPAs overall compared with matched peers. Highest GPAs for students who took the course as freshmen suggested a transfer of knowledge over time. Results also showed that the course significantly benefited students from historically at-risk populations in terms of higher GPAs, units earned, retention, and graduation rates. This study shows that a well designed problem solving course can help students, especially those who struggle academically, to more effectively meet the challenges of college and daily life.
Fitness of real-world data for clinical trial data collection: Results and lessons from a HARMONY Outcomes ancillary study
Authors: Hammill Bradley G , Leimberger Jeffrey D , Lampron Zachary , Raman Sudha R , O’Brien Emily C , Wurst Keele E , Mountcastle Sally , Cunnington Marianne , Janmohamed Salim , Curtis Lesley H
Published: July 2022

Background

Despite the extensive use of real-world data for retrospective, observational clinical research, our understanding of how real-world data might increase the efficiency of data collection in patient-level randomized clinical trials is largely unknown. The structure of real-world data is inherently heterogeneous, with each source electronic health record and claims database different from the next. Their fitness-for-use as data sources for multisite trials in the United States has not been established.

Methods

For a subset of participants in the HARMONY Outcomes Trial, we obtained electronic health record data from recruiting sites or Medicare claims data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. For baseline characteristics and follow-up events, we assessed the level of agreement between these real-world data and data documented in the trial database.

Results

Real-world data-derived demographic information tended to agree with trial-reported demographic information, although real-world data were less accurate in identifying medical history. The ability of real-world data to identify baseline medication usage differed by real-world data source, with claims data demonstrating substantially better performance than electronic health record data. The limited number of lab results in the collected electronic health record data matched closely with values in the trial database. There were not enough follow-up events in the ancillary study population to draw meaningful conclusions about the performance of real-world data for identification of events. Based on the conduct of this ancillary study, the challenges and opportunities of using real-world data within clinical trials are discussed.

Conclusion

Based on a subset of participants from the HARMONY Outcomes Trial, our results suggest that electronic health record or claims data, as currently available, are unlikely to be a complete substitute for trial data collection of medical history or baseline lab results, but that Medicare claims were able to identify most medications. The limited size of the study population prevents us from drawing strong conclusions based on these results, and other studies are clearly needed to confirm or refute these findings.
Quantifying high-speed running in rugby league: An insight into practitioner applications and perceptions
Authors: Bennett Thomas , Marshall Phil , Barrett Steve , Malone James J , Towlson Christopher
Published: July 2022

High-speed running has previously been documented as a popular metric among rugby league researchers. Researchers place importance on high-speed running due to its inclusion in assessing the demands of training and match-play to help prescribe accurate training loads and recovery methods. However, there is currently no information available as to how important rugby league practitioners perceive high-speed running to be and what methods are currently used by practitioners to quantify high-speed running. Furthermore, practitioners’ perceptions of specific benefits, barriers and motivations when selecting high-speed running methods are also currently limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a current insight into the practice and perceptions of rugby league practitioners when quantifying high-speed running. This study surveyed practitioners working in the European Super League ( n  = 12) and the Australasian National Rugby League ( n  = 11). Ranking analysis established high-speed running to be the most important metric for both training practice and match-play. Absolute high-speed running thresholds were applied by 52% of respondents ( n  = 12) with the most common being 5.5 m·s−1 ( n  = 9). Individualised high-speed running thresholds were applied by 48% of respondents ( n  = 11) with the most common approach implementing peak sprint speed methods ( n  = 9). Absolute high-speed running thresholds are perceived to permit better group data comparison, whereas individualised methods are perceived to permit better interpretation of high-speed running data. Ultimately, practitioners are motivated to implement their chosen methods with the possibility of more accurately prescribed high-speed running thresholds, although the impracticality of specific testing procedures may act as a barrier.
Non-classical monocytes contribute to innate immune training in cattle
Authors: Schünemann Lisa-Marie , Schuberth Hans-Joachim
Published: July 2022

Innate immune training is defined as a property of innate immune cells to react stronger to a secondary contact with pathogens. Induction of innate immune training has been reported for a variety of pathogens and selected pattern recognition receptor-ligands, such as β-glucans (βG). We examined whether Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall component βG induces training in bovine monocytes in vitro based on a heightened TNF secretion after stimulation by trained monocyte-derived macrophages with Escherichia coli LPS. Sorted CD14-expressing monocytes (classical and intermediate monocytes), as well as single populations of sorted classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes could not be trained by βG, whereas macrophages derived from plastic-adherent mononuclear cell preparations displayed features of a trained function. The hypothesis, that non-classical monocytes need to be present in a mixed monocyte population in order to be trained by βG could be verified by a successful training of positively sorted whole monocyte populations (CD14CD16/M) containing all three monocyte subpopulations. The trainability depended on conditions favoring M1 polarization of macrophages. Altogether, innate immune training of bovine monocytes seems to depend on the presence of non-classical monocytes. This adds new information to the role of this monocyte subpopulation in the bovine immune system.
Continuous Glucose Profiles in Healthy People With Fixed Meal Times and Under Everyday Life Conditions
Authors: Freckmann Guido , Schauer Sebastian , Beltzer Anne , Waldenmaier Delia , Buck Sina , Baumstark Annette , Jendrike Nina , Link Manuela , Zschornack Eva , Haug Cornelia , Pleus Stefan
Published: July 2022

Background:

The increased use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and automated insulin delivery systems raises the question about therapeutic targets for glucose profiles in people with diabetes. This study aimed to assess averaged pre- and postprandial glucose profiles in people without diabetes to provide guidance for normal glucose patterns in clinical practice. For that, number and timing of meal intake were predefined.

Material and Methods:

To assess glucose traces in 36 participants without diabetes (mean age = 23.7 ± 5.7 years), CGM was performed for up to 14 days, starting with a run-in phase (first 3 days, excluded from analysis) followed by 4 days with fixed meal times at 8:00 am, 1:00 pm, and 6:00 pm and the remaining 7 days spent under everyday life conditions. Data from two simultaneously worn CGM sensors were averaged and adjusted to capillary plasma-equivalent glucose values. Glucose data were evaluated through descriptive statistics.

Results:

Median glucose concentration on days with fixed meal times and under everyday life conditions was 95.0 mg/dL (91.6-99.1 mg/dL, interquartile range) and 98.1 mg/dL (93.7-100.8 mg/dL), respectively. On days with fixed meal times, mean premeal glucose was 92.8 ± 9.4 mg/dL, and mean peak postmeal glucose was 143.3 ± 23.5 mg/dL.

Conclusions:

By defining the time of meal intake, a clear pattern of distinct postprandial glucose excursions in participants without diabetes could be demonstrated and analyzed. The presented glucose profiles might be helpful as an estimate for adequate clinical targets in people with diabetes.
Odontogenic Sinusitis is a Common Cause of Operative Extra-Sinus Infectious Complications
Authors: Douglas Jennifer E. , Patel Tapan , Rullan-Oliver Bianca , Ungerer Heather , Hinh Lisa , Peterson Edward L. , Kohanski Michael A. , Kennedy David W. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. , Craig John R.
Published: July 2022

Background

Orbital, intracranial, and osseous extra-sinus complications can arise from bacterial or fungal sinusitis. Odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) can cause extra-sinus complications, but its prevalence remains poorly characterized.

Objective

To determine the frequency of ODS as a cause of operative extra-sinus infectious complications and describe clinical features of all complicated sinusitis cases.

Methods

A multi-institutional retrospective review was performed on all operative sinusitis-related extra-sinus complications from 2011 to 2020. ODS was diagnosed by sinus computed tomography (CT) and dental evaluations when available. Demographics, complication types, sinusitis etiologies, and various clinical features were analyzed.

Results

Forty-five patients were included (mean age 55.5 years, 56% male). Of the extra-sinus complications, 40% were orbital only, 22% intracranial only, 13% osseous only, and 25% involved combined complications. The 2 most common causes of extra-sinus complications were ODS (40%) and mucopyocele (27%). When invasive fungal etiologies were excluded, and only unilateral maxillary opacification on CT was considered, nearly 60% of extra-sinus complications were due to ODS. Unilateral maxillary sinus opacification on CT was present in 100% of complicated ODS compared to 44% of nonodontogenic cases, and oral anaerobes were only identified in ODS cases. No complicated ODS patients underwent dental interventions during hospitalization.

Conclusion

ODS was the most common cause of operative extra-sinus infectious complications. Clinicians should consider ODS high on the differential diagnosis of all patients presenting with complicated sinusitis, especially when sinusitis is unilateral and invasive fungal infection is not suspected.
The linkage between cognitive diversity and team innovation: Exploring the roles of team humor styles and team emotional intelligence via the conservation of resources theory
Authors: Nguyen Phong T. , Sanders Karin , Schwarz Gavin M. , Rafferty Alannah E.
Published: July 2022

Researchers have displayed considerable interest in how and when team cognitive diversity leads to improved or impaired team innovation. When addressing this issue, scholars have adopted the information/decision making and social categorization theoretical perspectives. In contrast, we draw on conservation of resources (COR) theory when examining the cognitive diversity and team innovation relationship. We argue that in a team environment, cognitive diversity may result in the threat of losing valuable resources. This threat, in turn, encourages team members to engage in resource replenishment through the use of different humor styles (i.e., affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, self-defeating). We argue that, with such resource replenishment, four team-level humor styles emerge and mediate the relationship between cognitive diversity and team innovation. In addition, we expect team emotional intelligence to moderate the relationships between cognitive diversity and team humor styles. Our model has important theoretical implications for team diversity, humor, emotional intelligence, and innovation research.

Team cognitive diversity can be defined as the extent to which team members differ in their ideas, perspectives, or values. Cognitive diversity is important for teams to cultivate innovation although it may also result in relationship conflicts and the formation of subgroups in a team. Our paper views cognitive diversity as a signal that drives team members to use humor to cope with diversity. This may then result in different humor styles (i.e., affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, self-defeating) that characterize the way the team uses humor. For instance, while working in a cognitively diverse team, team members might make a joke about work that the whole team laughs together (i.e., affiliative humor). However, some members might use sarcasm to insult others who are different from the group norms (i.e., aggressive humor). We argue that the team humor styles will influence team innovation, which in turn will link cognitive diversity with team innovation. Moreover, we suggest that team emotional intelligence will influence the extent to which the four team humor styles link cognitive diversity and team innovation.
Utilization of silt, sludge, and industrial waste residues in building materials: A review
Authors: Hao Ning , Song Yiheng , Wang Ziying , He Chaochao , Ruan Sihan
Published: July 2022

To promote the effective utilization of sludge and slag produced in nature and from human activities, this paper summarizes the research progress in the field of building materials on the basis of expounding their classification and characteristics. (1) Sludge and slag include silt, sludge and industrial waste residues. These three materials are mainly composed of SiO2, which can be used to produce building materials after treatment and can also be used as admixtures, including roadbed admixtures. (2) Silt and sludge are widely used in building wall materials and roadbed materials, etc. Industrial waste residues can be used in the production and processing of green concrete and glass-ceramics. (3) In addition to continuing to use existing utilization methods, key treatment technologies and new treatment devices can be further developed according to the characteristics of sludge and slag. Moreover, observations and mechanistic analysis of the microscopic structure of industrial waste residues and research on strong and weak utilization methods based on the performance of building materials can be carried out, and more efficient and energy-saving excitation or activation technologies will be developed. These efforts will eventually lead to the development of functional building materials with excellent performance and environmentally friendly characteristics to achieve the differentiated utilization of silt, sludge, and industrial waste residues and realize the efficient transformation of resources. This paper provides useful insights for the application of sludge and slag in the field of building materials.
Online Network Formation Among Students During COVID-19: Analysing Path Dependency in a Natural Experimental Setting
Authors: Namhata Anindita , Kalikote Anugraha , Paul Sudipta , Husain Zakir
Published: July 2022

The onset of COVID-19 in 2020 led to the closure of educational institutions and a shift to online teaching in India. It provides a natural experiment setting in which to examine the formation of endogenous ties among students and analyses the path-dependent nature of such a process. Information on sources of academic assistance was collected from members of two groups of students enrolled in the postgraduate course of the Economics Department of an Indian University using Google forms. The information was analysed using standard measures employed in social network analysis, such as sociograms, centrality measures, and homophily index. We show that, contrary to expectations, inheriting ties can constrain actors from forming ties that optimize outcomes.

JEL Codes: D85, I20
Interpretations of the term Fu Yao (扶揺)  in the Zhuang Zi outer chapter Zaiyou  (在宥) and Guo Xiang Zhu (郭象注): Issues  concerning the commentator approach
Authors: Ohgata Tohru
Published: July 2022

The 10 suns bathing relates to sun worship. The story of the suns bathing and then emerging from the water has likely become one of a fish changing into a bird, becoming a winged sun, and then flying off from the tree branches. When icons and documents such as Chu Ci (楚辞), the Chu (楚) silk paintings, Shan Hai Jing (山海經), and the Mawangdui (馬王堆) silk paintings are brought together, this outline can be drawn. In doing so, the “ Fu Yao (扶揺)” is not the “wind” in Guo Xiang’s (郭象) annotation; it is best to understand the “ Fu Yao (扶揺)” in Xiaoyaoyou (逍遙遊) and the “ Fu Yao  (扶揺) branches” in the Zaiyou (在宥) text to both be akin to “ Fusang (扶桑).”
Voluntary stopping of eating and drinking in the age of medical assistance in dying: ethical considerations for physicians
Authors: Allatt Peter , Kim Daniel D.M. , Hébert Philip
Published: July 2022

Since 2016, when medical assistance in dying (MAiD) became legal in Canada, healthcare professionals (HCPs) have become familiar with exploring and acting upon patients’ wishes to hasten death (WTHD). In contrast to MAiD, the literature on the voluntary stopping of eating and drinking (VSED) is very limited and there are no standards of practice or legal guidance to support HCPs. In this article, the legal and ethical literature as regards VSED is critically reviewed and new standards of practice are proposed.
The Accuracy of Lung Ultrasonography Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia, in an Adult Cohort
Authors: Mehrabi Samrad , Rahmanian Jila , Jalli Reza
Published: July 2022

Objective:

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common respiratory infection, and diagnosis is frequently performed using a chest radiography (CXR). Sonography is an available method with less radiation exposure, but has not been confirmed for diagnosis of CAP. The objective was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of sonography.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 90 adult patients (aged >18 years) were admitted to the emergency department of two university-affiliated hospitals in Southwest Iran, from July to December 2019, with a confirmed diagnosis of CAP. The patient symptoms and CXR results were included as part of this study. Within 24 hours after obtaining a CXR, a lung ultrasonogram (LUS) was performed. The diagnostic accuracy of semiquantitative LUS (SQLUS) was compared with CXR results using the Pearson chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 52.98 ± 16.77 years. 51 were men (56.7%). 28 patients (31.1%), who had abnormal SQLUS results, were not associated with CXR findings ( P = .296). SQLUS showed poor diagnostic accuracy for LUS (31.11%).

Conclusion:

This study results could not confirm LUS as an accurate method for diagnosing CAP in adult patients; although due to the convenient sample of adults and clinical-based diagnosis of CAP, any generalization of the results should be made with caution.
Conversion of failed internal fixation in proximal femur fractures using calcar-guided short-stem total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Coutandin Marcel , Schneider Michael , Drees Philipp , Kutzner Karl Philipp
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Reoperations for secondary osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, or hardware failure following failed internal fixation after intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) or femoral neck fracture (FNF) are common. An effective salvage treatment often involves complete removal of the hardware followed by total hip arthroplasty (THA). Almost no data are available regarding conversion to short-stem THA. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes, potential complications, and the survival rate of short-stem THA following revision surgery.

Methods

We investigated 27 patients who underwent conversion THA using a calcar-guided short stem. Patient-reported outcome measurements were obtained, including the Harris hip score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, as well as pain and satisfaction on the visual analogue scale. Radiological follow-up was also performed.

Results

We identified 18 (66.7%) patients diagnosed with FNF and 9 (33.3%) patients with ITF. Clinical and radiological outcomes were satisfactory at the last follow-up (30.56 ± 11.62 months). One patient required early revision surgery due to dislocation and greater trochanter fracture. At the last follow-up, none of the short stems required revision. No other major complications occurred.

Conclusion

Given the low rate of complications and 100% survival, our findings indicate that short stems for conversion THA due to failed internal fixation may be considered an option in a properly selected patient population. However, it should not be considered a standard procedure and should only be performed by experienced surgeons.
Retro-inversion follicle-stimulating hormone peptide-modified nanoparticles for delivery of PDK2 shRNA against chemoresistant ovarian cancer by switching glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Du Ming , Qi Xingling , Wang Yumeng , Li Guiling , Xu Congjian , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: July 2022

Background

Most ovarian cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages characterized by abdominal dissemination and frequently exhibit chemoresistance. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) regulates the switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and contributes to tumor progression and chemoresistance. Here, we investigated the effects of PDK2 blockade on metabolic reprogramming and cisplatin sensitivity and evaluated the in vivo antitumor effects of PDK2 shRNA in chemoresistant ovarian cancer using retro-inverso follicle-stimulating hormone peptide-modified nanoparticle as carriers.

Methods

The expression of PDK2 was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and real-time PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected using CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Seahorse Analyzer was used to evaluate metabolic changes. The cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells A2780cp were used to establish the mouse model of peritoneal metastatic ovarian cancer.

Results

A higher expression level of PDK2 was observed in chemoresistant ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines and was associated with shorter progression-free survival. PDK2 knockdown inhibited proliferation and migration and promoted apoptosis of both cisplatin-sensitive and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Cisplatin sensitivity was increased even in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Mechanistically, PDK2 knockdown resulted in an increased oxygen consumption rate and decreased extracellular acidification rate, along with reduced lactate production, increased PDHC activity and increased levels of electron transport chain complexes III and V. The metabolism switched from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, to specifically and effectively deliver PDK2 shRNA in vivo, we formulated a targeted delivery system containing retro-inverso follicle-stimulating hormone peptide as a targeting moiety and polyethylene glycol–polyethylenimine copolymers as carriers. The nanoparticle complex significantly suppressed tumor growth and peritoneal metastasis of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer without obvious toxicities.

Conclusions

Our findings showed the link between metabolic reprogramming and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer and provided an effective targeting strategy for switching metabolic pathways in cancer therapy.
HIMA2: high-dimensional mediation analysis and its application in epigenome-wide DNA methylation data
Authors: Perera Chamila , Zhang Haixiang , Zheng Yinan , Hou Lifang , Qu Annie , Zheng Cheng , Xie Ke , Liu Lei
Published: July 2022

Mediation analysis plays a major role in identifying significant mediators in the pathway between environmental exposures and health outcomes. With advanced data collection technology for large-scale studies, there has been growing research interest in developing methodology for high-dimensional mediation analysis. In this paper we present HIMA2, an extension of the HIMA method (Zhang in Bioinformatics 32:3150–3154, 2016). First, the proposed HIMA2 reduces the dimension of mediators to a manageable level based on the sure independence screening (SIS) method (Fan in J R Stat Soc Ser B 70:849–911, 2008). Second, a de-biased Lasso procedure is implemented for estimating regression parameters. Third, we use a multiple-testing procedure to accurately control the false discovery rate (FDR) when testing high-dimensional mediation hypotheses. We demonstrate its practical performance using Monte Carlo simulation studies and apply our method to identify DNA methylation markers which mediate the pathway from smoking to reduced lung function in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.