bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on roll shape control characteristics of electromagnetic control sleeve support roll
Authors: Chen Qifa , Xu Zhiqiang , Bai Yuhang , Hai Yang
Published: June 2024

The paper proposed a new type of electromagnetic control support roll to obtain a better ability of controlling the plate shape. According to the principle of induction heating, the bulge shape of the support roll and the contact pressure between the rolls are changed to control the crown of the work roll. To analyze the shape control characteristics of the electromagnetic control sleeve support roll, the roll system model of the four-high mill was established and the no-load bulging experiment was carried out. The simulation results show that under different roll sleeve thickness, current frequency and current intensity, the bulge amount of support roll, contact pressure between rolls and work roll crown increase with heating time, but the growth rate gradually decreases to zero. The bulge of the support roll, the contact pressure between the rolls, the crown of the work roll change quasi-linearly with the current frequency and parabolically with the current intensity. The bulging amount of the support roll and contact pressure decrease with the increase of the thickness of the roll sleeve, and the crown of the work roll increases first and then decreases. This paper verifies the feasibility of adjusting the shape of roll gap by electromagnetic control sleeve support roll, which provides a basis for multi-zone joint control.
Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in May–Thurner Syndrome in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Survey among Thrombosis Experts of the German Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Authors: Cuntz Franziska , Gebauer Bernhard , Greiner Andreas , Hagedorn Nikola , Reschke Madlen , Eberl Wolfgang , Zieger Barbara , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Holzhauer Susanne
Published: June 2024

May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is a pelvic venous disorder involving compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, which results in predisposition for deep vein thrombosis. Although MTS is increasingly recognized in young patients, specific guidelines on diagnosis and management for children, adolescents, and young adults do not exist so far. The aim of this study was to assess current diagnostic and therapeutic practice in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in children and young adults with thrombosis and MTS.

We designed an online survey with 11 questions, which we sent via a mailing list to all members of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research. Between July and October 2022, 33 specialists answered the questionnaire. Most participating specialists worked at pediatric hospitals (61%). Numbers of annually treated thromboses ranged from <5 (26%) to >30 (13%). Most specialists used venous ultrasound to diagnose deep vein thrombosis, 53% magnetic resonance imaging. Only 25% of specialists systematically screened for MTS in deep vein thrombosis. MTS was managed with anticoagulation (65%), iliac vein stent placement (32%), or balloon angioplasty (13%). In total, 31% of specialists reported to use more than one therapeutic method. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for MTS differed between specialists. Lack of standardization resulted in individualized and highly diverse management. Prospective observational clinical studies investigating the outcome of different management strategies including long-term follow-up on outcome and incidence of postthrombotic syndrome will help in defining patient groups who benefit most from revascularizing interventional strategies and developing standardized guidelines.
Beruf und Familie - Familienmanagement im Klinikum
Vest
Authors: Jule-Kathrin Kamps
Published: June 2024

Erfolgreiche Zertifizierung „audit berufundfamilie“

Die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Familie ist nicht immer leicht. Damit der Balanceakt
zwischen Kind und Karriere gelingen kann, ist die Unterstützung durch den
Arbeitgeber erforderlich. Doch wie gelingt die Weiterentwicklung hin zu einem
familienfreundlichen Arbeitgeber? Die berufundfamilie Service GmbH ist Dienstleister
im Bereich Vereinbarkeit von Beruf, Familie und Privatleben und begleitet
Unternehmen bei der Umsetzung einer familien- und lebensphasenbewussten
Personalpolitik. Mit dem audit berufundfamilie haben sie ein strategisches
Managementinstrument geschaffen, dessen Ziel die Realisierung einer familien- und
lebensphasenbewussten Personalpolitik ist 1.
Qualitätskriterien qualitativer Studien in der
Rehabilitationsforschung
Authors: Klemmt Malte , Heide Marie Sophia , Schwarz Betje , Klemmt Chantal , Kalski Linda
Published: June 2024

Angesichts der Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Fragestellungen, einzubeziehender
Perspektiven und beteiligter Disziplinen, gehören mit Hilfe qualitativer
Methoden durchgeführte Studien mittlerweile zum festen Bestandteil der
Rehabilitationswissenschaften. Um ihre Qualität und Aussagekraft gewährleisten
und nachvollziehen zu können, bedarf es Kriterien, an denen sich Forschende und
Rezipient:innen orientieren können. Aufgrund der Spezifika und Heterogenität
qualitativer Ansätze, herrscht jedoch Uneinigkeit bezüglich angemessener und
universell-gültiger Gütekriterien. In diesem Beitrag werden Kernkriterien, die
bei der Planung, Durchführung und dem Rezipieren von qualitativen
Studien(-teilen) zu Hilfe genommen werden können, vorgestellt und mit Bezug zur
nationalen Rehabilitationsforschung diskutiert. Dafür werden die spezifischen
Merkmale der Rehabilitationsforschung berücksichtigt und die Anwendung der
Qualitätskriterien anhand konkreter Beispiele aus der Forschungspraxis der
Rehabilitationswissenschaften dargestellt.
Secondary secretory otitis media (SSOM) in 3 cats and 2
dogs
Authors: Schuenemann Riccarda , Oechtering Gerhard
Published: June 2024

Objective To describe secondary secretory otitis media (SSOM) due to
obstruction of the nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube in cats and dogs
and to characterize the effusion by macroscopic description, microscopic
cytology and bacteriological analysis.

Material and Methods Three cats and 2 dogs with middle ear effusion and
obstruction of the nasopharyngeal opening of the auditory tube detected on CT
scans received myringotomy followed by macroscopic description, microscopic
cytology and bacteriological analysis of the fluid obtained.

Results All animals had serous to mucoid middle ear effusions and, in 2
cases, large numbers of inflammatory cells and secondary infection. Causes of
auditory tube dysfunction ranged from iatrogenic stents (2) to neoplasia (3). In
the non-neoplastic cases, effusion resolved in all cases after removal of the
underlying cause.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance Obstruction of the nasopharyngeal
opening of the auditory tube leads to accumulation of fluid within the middle
ear in cats and dogs. If the cause of obstruction can be removed, fluid
accumulation resolves. Fluid characteristics are comparable to middle ear
effusions in pugs and French bulldogs. It is important to always examine the
nasopharynx in cases of middle ear effusion to rule out SSOM.
Imaging findings in otitis media and resulting secondary lesions in
dogs and cats – an image essay
Authors: Ludewig Eberhard , Jopp Ilka , Vali Yasamin
Published: June 2024

Over the past 2 decades, the increasing availability of computed tomography (CT)
and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the growing professional
expertise have significantly improved the diagnostics of middle and inner ear
diseases in dogs and cats. In answering some of the diagnostic questions, CT and
MRT demonstrate equivalent performance. For most questions, however, there are
differences in the diagnostic performance due to the physical imaging properties
of the 2 modalities.

CT is more sensitive in demonstrating involvement of the bulla wall and is more
effective for detecting abnormal content within the tympanic bulla. In addition,
with CT it is often easier to guide tissue samplings. On the other hand,
structural changes of the soft tissues of the skull, head, meninges, brain, and
nerves are not or only insufficiently detectable on CT images. MRI is clearly
superior here. Therefore, MRI is essential for the characterization of materials
inside the bulla cavity and for demonstrating the extent of any central spread
of otitis media (OM).

In this image essay, CT and MRI features of OM and resulting secondary lesions
described in the literature are analyzed and summarized. Own image examples are
used for illustration. Information on the etiology, pathogenesis,
pathomorphology, and clinical signs important for understanding these changes
are presented in concise descriptions.
Unilaterales Othämatom als einziges Symptom bei einem Hund mit
multiplem Myelom
Authors: Kanstinger Alina , Rademacher Pia , Dahlem Dorothee
Published: June 2024

Bei einer 9 Jahre alten Mischlingshündin wurde ein akutes, unilaterales Othämatom
diagnostiziert. Es gab weder klinisch noch anamnestisch einen Hinweis auf eine
Ursache des Othämatoms. Im Rahmen der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung wurden eine
hochgradige Hyperglobulinämie und eine hochgradige Thrombozytopenie
nachgewiesen. Ursächlich hierfür war ein multiples Myelom. Dies ist der erste
Fallbericht über einen Hund mit Othämatom als Folge einer Koagulopathie bedingt
durch ein multiples Myelom.
Genetische Ursachen der Adipositas und ihre therapeutischen Implikationen
Authors: Rajcsanyi Luisa Sophie , Schmidt Jasmin , Düerkop Sieglinde , Grote Lola , Peters Triinu , Körner Antje , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela , Hinney Anke
Published: June 2024

Adipositas ist eine komplexe Störung, die von Umweltfaktoren und genetischen Varianten beeinflusst wird. Basierend auf den genetischen Grundlagen wird zwischen zwei Formen der Adipositas unterschieden. Die monogene (und syndromale) Adipositas ist selten und wird von Mutationen in jeweils einem Gen bedingt. Zur Manifestation einer extremen Adipositas mit Hyperphagie kommt es bereits in den ersten Lebensjahren. Abhängig vom betroffenen Gen können zudem weitere phänotypische Ausprägungen hinzukommen. Die polygene Adipositas dagegen ist weitaus häufiger. Ursächlich für diese Form ist eine Vielzahl von genetischen Varianten, die jeweils einen geringen, aber additiven Effekt auf das Körpergewicht haben. Frühzeitige genetische Diagnostik kann die vorliegende Form der Adipositas identifizieren und die Wahl einer geeigneten Therapieoption, ob Lebensstilintervention, bariatrische Chirurgie oder pharmakologische Behandlung, unterstützen. Wir stellen aktuelle Erkenntnisse der Forschung über die genetischen Ursachen der Adipositas dar. Zudem werden therapeutische und diagnostische Optionen, die teils auf genetischen Befunden basieren, beleuchtet.
High Prevalence of F2 20210G > A in Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Patients with Thrombosis in Atypical Sites
Authors: Khaddam Dalia , McRae Hannah L. , Schwarz Nadine , Oldenburg Johannes , Pötzsch Bernd , Rühl Heiko , Reda Sara
Published: June 2024

Introduction Atypical sites for thrombosis include deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity (UE-DVT), splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). In addition to specific pathogenic factors, their underlying mechanisms share similarities with typical venous thromboembolism (VTE), namely, DVT of the lower extremity and/or pulmonary embolism, but are less understood.

Methods Records of unselected patients with a history of typical VTE (n = 2,011), UE-DVT (n = 117), SVT (n = 83), and CVST (n = 82), who were referred to the Institute in Bonn for ambulatory thrombophilia testing, were retrospectively analyzed. Acquired and hereditary thrombosis risk factors were comparatively assessed.

Results UE-DVT was characterized by a high rate (50.4%) of site-specific acquired risk factors. Compared with typical VTE, SVT was more frequently associated with systemic inflammation, infection, or malignancy (2.2 vs. 12.0%, p = 3·10−8) and the JAK2 V617F mutation was present in 16.9%. In CVST compared with typical VTE, demographics and higher rates of oral contraception (43.2 vs. 57.6%, p = 0.011) and pregnancy (4.2 vs. 10.9%, p = 0.012) suggest a significant hormonal influence on etiology. While the prevalence of inhibitor deficiencies and factor V Leiden mutation did not differ between cohorts, the prevalence of F2 20210G > A was higher in SVT (15.7%, p = 0.003) and CVST (15.9%, p = 0.003) than in typical VTE (7.0%).

Conclusion The cohorts with thrombosis in atypical sites showed distinctive patterns of acquired risk factors. Further studies are warranted to provide additional mechanistic insight into the role of hormonal influence in CVST and the contribution of F2 20210G > A to the development of SVT and CVST.
Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen – digitale Diabetestherapie mit CGM Teil 2
Authors: Bretschneider Maxi Pia , Schwarz Peter E.H.
Published: June 2024

Mittlerweile sind 4 digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) im DiGA-Verzeichnis des BfArMs, welche Patientinnen und Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 unterstützen, gelistet: Vitadio (dauerhafte Zulassung 04/24), mebix (vorläufige Zulassung 07/23), glucura Diabetestherapie (vorläufige Zulassung 01/24) und Una Health für Diabetes (vorläufige Zulassung 02/24) 1, 2, 3, 4. Dabei stehen mit den DiGAs glucura Diabetestherpie und Una Health für Diabetes nun 2 Anwendungen zur Verfügung, die einen CGM-Sensor beinhalten. In diesem Artikel der DiGA-Serie wird die DiGA Una Health für Diabetes unter die Lupe genommen, die wichtigsten Informationen präsentiert, sowie kleine Einblicke in die App gewährt.
Two Olea europaea L. Extracts Reduce Harmful Effects in a Model of Neurotoxicity: Involvement of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Maiuolo Jessica , Bonacci Sonia , Bosco Francesca , Guarnieri Lorenza , Ruga Stefano , Leo Antonio , Citraro Rita , Ragusa Salvatore , Palma Ernesto , Mollace Vincenzo , De Sarro Giovambattista
Published: June 2024

Prolonged exposure to lead has been recognized as harmful to human health as it may cause neurotoxic effects including mitochondrial damage, apoptosis, excitotoxicity, and myelin formation alterations, among others. Numerous data have shown that consuming olive oil and its valuable components could reduce neurotoxicity and degenerative conditions. Olive oil is traditionally obtained from olive trees; this plant (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen fruit tree.

In this manuscript, two extracts have been used and compared: the extract from the leaves of Olea europaea L. (OE) and the extract derived from OE but with a further sonication process (s-OE). Therefore, the objectives of this experimental work were as follows: 1) to generate an innovative extract; 2) to test both extracts on a model of neurotoxicity of human neurons induced following lead exposure; and 3) to study the mechanisms behind lead-induced neurotoxicity.

The results showed that the mechanism involved in the neurotoxicity of lead included dysfunction of the cellular endoplasmic reticulum, which suffered oxidative damage. In addition, in all experiments, s-OE was more effective than OE, having greater and better effects against lead-induced damage and being dissolved in a smaller amount of EtOH, which promotes its sustainability.
Stereoselective Synthetic Routes to Iminosugars: A Divergent Approach Utilizing a Common Multifunctional Chiral Scaffold
Authors: Datta Apurba , Pashikanti Srinath
Published: June 2024

Starting from an l-serine-derived multifunctional aminobutenolide as a common chiral building block, stereoselective synthetic routes to representative examples of di-, tri-, and tetrahydroxylated iminosugars have been developed. Key steps in the synthetic routes involved an intramolecular aminolysis protocol to form the azaheterocyclic core, and functionalization of a resident alkene moiety towards installation of the desired substituents at the various positions of the piperidine ring. The strategy and the approach described are expected to provide flexible synthetic routes to various iminosugar scaffolds of structural and medicinal chemical significance.
Impact of Tongue-in-Groove Technique on Smile and Lip Position: A Comparative Analysis with and without Septal Extension Graft
Authors: Farhbaksh Farbod , Sazgar Amir Arvin , Saedi Babak
Published: June 2024

This study was conducted to compare the outcomes of the tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique with and without septal extension graft (SEG) on smile and lip position in rhinoplasty. Fifty-eight rhinoplasty patients, treated at a tertiary referral center between 2020 and 2022, underwent preoperative and 12-month postoperative evaluations, using the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) and the visual analog scale (VAS). The preoperative and 12-month postoperative photographs were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop to assess changes in lip and smile positions. The study included 38 patients in the TIG with SEG group and 20 patients in the TIG without SEG group. The participants, with an average age of 32.12 ± 7.97 years, comprised 81% females. In terms of surgical outcomes, postoperative evaluations revealed significant improvements in the VAS aesthetic score, SCHNOS-O score, and SCHNOS-C score compared with preoperative scores (p < 0.001) for both groups. Notably, both groups demonstrated significant improvements in the upper lip length, nasolabial angle (NLA), columellar inclination (CI) angle, and smile NLA. Patients in the SEG group exhibited markedly superior SCHNOS-O results, as well as distinctions in smile NLA and smile CI, compared with the group without SEG. The impact of rhinoplasty techniques on lip and smile remains complex requiring further evaluation. Both of the TIG techniques, with and without SEG, resulted in positive outcomes in terms of improving lip and smile positions, with the use of SEG demonstrating greater stability during a smile.
Single-Leg Countermovement Jump Compensation Assessment: Content
Validity of a Checklist
Authors: Barrio Ekaitz Dudagoitia , Hernández-García Raquel , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Garcia-Atutxa Igor , Villanueva-Flores Francisca , García-de-Alcaraz Antonio
Published: June 2024

Jump actions are common in several sports, and their performance is related to a
myriad of biomechanical and physiological factors, with links to athletic
performance and imbalances. Currently, a valid, field-based, easy-to-use tool to
assess the quality of an explosive jump movement, similar to the required sports
movements, is unavailable. Thus, the present study aimed to design and validate
a field-based, easy-to-use tool that can be used to assess the quality of
movement during an explosive single-leg countermovement jump (SL-CMJ). Ten
experts participated in the content validation process for the checklist,
including checking item relevance, definition accuracy, and scoring adequacy.
Content validity was measured using the Aikens V format. The checklist included
the items “Foot orientation,” “Knee valgus/varus,” “Internal/external hip flexed
orientation,” “Pelvis tilt,” “Thorax tilt,” “Thorax rotation,” “Foot
pronation/supination,” “Asymmetrical hip,” and “Lumbo-pelvic association”. The
items achieved a 0.60–0.99 in relevance, 0.70–1.00 in definition accuracy, and
0.80–0.83 in scoring adequacies in the Aikens V proof. The results from the
context validation process suggest that the tool may be appropriate to assess
athletesʼ quality of explosive movement. Furthermore, the results derived from
such assessments may help to design better and safer training interventions.
An Efficient Promising Direction for the Synthesis of Dispirotripiperazine (6-6-6 DSTP) Core
Authors: Pesyan Nader Noroozi , Golmohammadi Mahsa , Şahin Ertan
Published: June 2024

A new and facile route for the one-pot synthesis of 3,12-dicyano-3,6,9,12-tetraazadispiro[5.2.59.26]hexadecane-6,9-diium dibromide as a dispirotripiperazine source was introduced by the simple reaction of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) with cyanogen bromide (BrCN) under mild condition at room temperature. The hydrolysis of dicyanamide moieties in the prepared dispiro compound gave 3,12-diaza-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecane dibromide with the dispirotripiperazine (6-6-6) core. The molecular structure of the new compound was characterized by FT-IR, 1H, 13C, HSQC NMR spectroscopy, mass and CHN analysis, and X-ray crystallography technique.
CAPOS Syndrome with Fluctuating Symptoms
Authors: Wang Paul , Cha Yoon-Hee
Published: June 2024

We report a patient with CAPOS syndrome (Cerebellar ataxia, Areflexia, Pes cavus, Optic atrophy, and Sensorineural hearing loss) with classic features who also exhibited fluctuating vestibulocochlear symptoms that met the criteria for Meniere's disease. A male patient was initially symptomatic at 13 months of age with ataxia and loss of deep tendon reflexes in the setting of fever. This was followed by the development of baseline ataxia with superimposed spells of vertigo and ataxia, progressive hearing loss with episodic fluctuations, optic atrophy, pes cavus, and areflexia. Spells lasted minutes to hours and were frequently triggered by ambient heat and fever. He was diagnosed with a de novo pathogenic variant p.Glu818Lys mutation in ATP1A3. We provide detailed clinical features of this case, a summary of CAPOS cases reported to date, and an overview of allelically related syndromes.
Medium-Term Patient-Reported Outcomes after Surgical Management of Perilunate Injury: A Multiinstitutional Experience
Authors: Gabig Andrew M. , Payne Samuel H. , Whitsett Adam , Kebede Sara , Patel Avani A. , Knaus William , Ghareeb Paul
Published: June 2024

Background There is a lack of consensus on the optimal treatment of perilunate injuries (PLIs). Open reduction with internal fixation with scapholunate (SL) ligament repair is recommended; however, procedures such as lunotriquetral (LT) ligament repair, carpal tunnel release (CTR), proximal row carpectomy, denervation, and arthrodesis may also be used.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after surgical management of PLIs.

Methods A retrospective review of surgically treated PLIs at two institutions in a major metropolitan city from 2014 to 2020 was conducted. Demographics, radiographic data, and details of surgical management were reviewed. PROs were prospectively collected and analyzed.

Results Eighty-seven patients with surgically managed PLIs were identified. The average time to surgery was 4 ± 7days. Twenty-six percent of patients presented with acute median neuropathy. Thirty-seven patients provided PROs for analysis. Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores were 22 ± 12.9, 14.4 ± 11.3, and 37 ± 22 for pain, function, and total scores, respectively. Satisfaction was 7 ± 3 Sixteen percent of patients were unable to maintain employment due to their injury. The interval to return to work was 6.3 ± 7.7 months.

Conclusion PLIs cause significant morbidity and affect patients' ability to return to work. While open reduction with SL repair is routinely performed to treat PLIs, additional procedures may be considered. Undergoing concurrent CTR in the absence of neurological symptoms showed no differences in outcomes.

Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Hepatic Peliosis and Hemorrhage after Anabolic Steroid Abuse
Authors: Hegde Kausthubh , Sutphin Patrick D. , An Thomas J. , Kalva Sanjeeva P.
Published: June 2024

Anabolic steroid abuse has become prevalent in modern society, with many athletes and bodybuilders using these substances for their performance-enhancing effects. A significant concern related to anabolic steroid abuse is the potential development of androgen-associated liver tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and adenomas. Anabolic steroid abuse has also been associated with hepatic vascular abnormalities like hepatic peliosis, a rare condition characterized by blood-filled cavities within the liver parenchyma. Hepatic peliosis can present with nonspecific symptoms or remain asymptomatic, making it difficult to diagnose without appropriate imaging studies. In this case report, the authors describe the imaging findings and management of two patients with intrahepatic bleeding associated with anabolic steroid consumption.
Political tie diversity and inclusion at work in Asia: a critical view and a roadmap
Authors: Özbilgin Mustafa F. , Erbil Cihat , Gündoğdu Nur
Published: June 2024

Diversity and inclusion scholarship addresses inequality at work across categories of difference marked with historical disadvantages such as gender, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation, and class or categories meaningful for the industrial, organisational or local settings. This scholarship has not considered political ties to be a diversity strand. However, political ties are a considerable source of uneven power relations, unearned privileges, and unjust discrimination in many contexts. Similarly, political ties could be sources of disadvantage, exclusion and discrimination for individuals with weak, absent or oppositional political affiliations. Our paper focuses on the Asian context, where political ties are often a legitimate human and institutional resource that can shape individual choices and chances at work. By defining political ties as a diversity and inclusion strand, we critique the legitimacy of political ties as a dominant and desirable resource and present political tie discrimination as a wicked social problem that entrenches uneven relations of power and authority in workplaces. Highlighting how political affiliation manifests across different national contexts in Asia, we explore the utility of adding political ties to the Asian vernacular to regulate workplace diversity and inclusion. Asia provides an interesting context in which the interplay between political affiliation and workplace relations is often culturally endorsed, remains unregulated and unscrutinised through ethical and anti-discrimination regulations. Thus, Asia provides an ideal setting to explore the emergence of political tie diversity and inclusion at work. We illustrate this through country-specific examples, illustrating the cross-national varieties of political tie diversity in the Asian business context. We also suggest a roadmap to manage political tie diversity and inclusion for this context.
Mixed state representability of entropy-density pairs
Authors: Garrigue Louis
Published: June 2024

We show the representability of density-entropy pairs with canonical and grand-canonical states, and we provide bounds on the kinetic energy of the representing states.
Configuration entropy and potential energy landscape in thermodynamics and dynamics of supercooled liquids
Authors: Solunov Hristo
Published: June 2024

In thermodynamics of supercooled liquids, sub-molecular units, referred to as “beads,” are used. It has been reported that all thermodynamic functions as well as the parameters in the empirical distribution functions of the potential energy landscape approach appear to be explicit functions of the number of beads in molecules. This finding opens the possibility of measuring the number of beads from each of these functions and estimating the configuration and vibration components in their formation. An enthalpy factor has been introduced and found that within the temperature domain of the invariable enthalpy factor, the molecules partition to a constant number of beads. A correlation has been observed between temperature dependence of the potential barriers, restricting cooperative rearrangement of beads and heat capacity of liquids. Relations connecting the landscape approach with the number of beads in the molecules have been estimated. The molecular equation for configuration entropy obtained can provide guidance for the development of new materials with a desirable configuration entropy. A method for predicting thermodynamic and statistical quantities of supercooled liquids from kinetics is also suggested.
Microfluidic gut-axis-on-a-chip models for pharmacokinetic-based disease models
Authors: Kim Raehyun , Sung Jong Hwan
Published: June 2024

The low success rate of new drugs transitioning from animal testing to human clinical trials necessitates the development of more accurate and representative in vitro models. Recent advances in multi-organ-on-a-chip technology offer promising avenues for studying complex organ–organ interactions. Gut–liver-on-a-chip systems hold particular promise for mimicking the intricate interplay between the gut and liver, which play crucial roles in nutrient absorption, drug metabolism, detoxification, and immune response. Here, we discuss the key components of the gut–liver axis, including the gut epithelium, liver cells, gut microbiota, and their roles in the organ functions. We then explore the potential of gut–liver-on-a-chip models to replicate the intricate interactions between the two organs for pharmacokinetic studies and their expansion to more complicated multi-organ models. Finally, we provide perspectives and future directions for developing more physiologically relevant gut–liver-axis models for more efficient drug development, studying liver diseases, and personalizing treatment strategies.
Characteristics of grafted monocrystalline Si/
β
-Ga2O3p–n heterojunction
Authors: Gong Jiarui , Kim Donghyeok , Jang Hokyung , Alema Fikadu , Wang Qingxiao , Zhou Jie , Li Yiran , Ng Tien Khee , Qiu Shuoyang , Liu Yang , Sheikhi Moheb , Lu Yi , Singh Ranveer , Su Xin , Abbasi Haris Naeem , Lin Qinchen , Xie Shuwen , Chabak Kelson , Jessen Gregg , Cheung Clincy , Gambin Vincent , Pasayat Shubhra S. , Osinsky Andrei , Ooi Boon S. , Gupta Chirag , Ma Zhenqiang
Published: June 2024

Beta-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) has exceptional electronic properties with vast potential in power and radio frequency electronics. Despite the excellent demonstrations of high-performance unipolar devices, the lack of effective p-type dopants in β-Ga2O3 has hindered the further development of Ga2O3-based bipolar devices. In this work, we applied the semiconductor grafting approach and fabricated monocrystalline Si/β-Ga2O3p–n heterojunctions, of which the characteristics were systematically studied. The heterojunctions demonstrated a diode rectification over 1.3 × 107 at ±2 V with a diode ideality factor of 1.13. Furthermore, capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurement showed frequency dispersion-free characteristics from 10 to 900 kHz. The interface defect density (Dit) was calculated as 1–3 × 1012/cm2 eV. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that an ultrathin oxygen-rich layer existed on the Ga2O3 surface and later formed an ultrathin interfacial layer after bonding with Si. It is speculated that the excessive oxygen at the Ga2O3 surface enhanced the passivation of the Si dangling bonds and thus reduced Dit. This work improved our understanding of interface properties of the semiconductor grafting approach, providing useful guidance on the future development of Si/Ga2O3 heterojunction devices.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over irregular rough surfaces
Authors: Narayanan C. , Singh J. S. , Nauer S. , Belt R. , Palermo T. , Lakehal D.
Published: June 2024

Direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow at a shear Reynolds number of Re*=360 in smooth and rough channels have been performed. Made of irregular undulations, surface roughness was such that the ratio of the channel half-height to the root mean square roughness height is equal to 48, and the root mean square and the maximum crest and trough heights are equal to 7.5 and 23 wall units, respectively. The simulation results confirm that turbulence in the outer layer is not directly affected by the rough surface. The roughness effects on the turbulent stresses, the mean momentum balance, and the budget of turbulence kinetic energy are confined to the layer between 0 and 25 wall units; beyond which the profiles collapse with those for smooth channels. In the roughness sublayer, the peak value of the streamwise normal stress is reduced, while the spanwise and wall-normal components are increased. The largest increase is for the Reynolds shear stress, resulting in a significant increase in the turbulence production near the wall, even though the velocity gradient is decreased. The kinetic energy budget shows that turbulence production dominates the mean viscous diffusion of turbulence kinetic energy, and both mechanisms are balanced by turbulent dissipation. The friction factor using the Colebrook–White correlation calculated by specifying the sand–grain roughness equal to the root mean square of the roughness height predicts the friction velocity and the bulk velocity accurately. The streaky structures that exist near smooth walls were observed to be broken by the roughness elements, leading to a denser population of coherent structures near the wall, which increases the velocity fluctuations. The coherent structures developed in the roughness layer do not seem to penetrate into the outer layer.
Modeling the shielding effect on the evaporation of ordered and scattered drop arrays on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates
Authors: Tonini S. , Cossali G. E.
Published: June 2024

A new analytical model to predict the evaporation of arrays of identical sessile drops was developed and tested. This model extends the use of analytical solutions for single drops to drop arrays of virtually any structure. A comparison with the results obtained by accurate numerical solutions of the same problem showed the reliability of the method. The accuracy of the model was tested through validation with the results obtained from four different experimental investigations on arrays of evaporating sessile drops. More than 1000 different drop arrays with numerosity between four to 49 drops on seven different hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates (contact angles ranging from 30° to 150°) with different compactness (drop average interdistances) were analyzed to develop relatively simple correlations to predict the minimum, maximum, and average screening coefficient of the drops in the array. It was shown that the structure of the array must be taken into account to obtain reliable results, and a method based on the use of the cross-correlation matrix of the drop coordinates was proposed and tested.
Influence of filling materials on mechanical properties of fissured sandstone treated by tailings water
Authors: Hu Jun , Dong Wenyu , Xia Zhiguo , Chen Bing , Jiang Tianqi , Yang Yuhao
Published: June 2024

Fissured rocks deteriorate with increasing water content, and the mechanical behavior is significantly influenced by the filling materials within their fissures. Understanding the effects of tailings water on the mechanical properties and failure modes of rocks under different filling conditions is crucial for assessing the stability of tailings ponds. In this study, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on single-fissured sandstone filled with gypsum, cement, and epoxy resin at various immersion heights, and acoustic emission signals were monitored. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of sandstone deteriorate significantly upon immersion, but the rate of deterioration decreases with increasing immersion height. The use of stronger and more cohesive filling materials can improve the mechanical properties of fissured sandstone, but there remains a gap compared to intact samples. Differences in physical properties and uneven stress distribution between immersed and dry portions lead to the formation of complex crack networks in partially immersed samples. The strong bonding between epoxy resin and sandstone results in local stress exceeding the sandstone's bearing limit, leading to increased fragmentation. The acoustic emission activity generally exhibits a pattern of gradual increase, quiescence, and then activation. As the immersion height increases, the number of acoustic emission events and energy release decrease. The average frequency and rise angle analysis reveals that tensile cracks dominate the failure process. Near failure, the b-value drops sharply and exhibits intense fluctuations, accompanied by the emergence of numerous high-frequency signals. These phenomena provide a basis for predicting rock instability and failure.
Strain distribution in the active region of InAs-based interband cascade laser
Authors: Wu Jian-Chu , Liu Ruo-Tao , Du An-Tian , Wang Kun , Cao Chun-Fang , Yang Jin , Huang Hua , Gong Qian
Published: June 2024

Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark-field in a Cs-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope are employed to characterize the atomic-scale strain distribution in the active region of the InAs-based interband cascade laser. For the first time, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy is utilized for the quantitative calculation of the zero-strain region, by which the geometric phase analysis of high-angle annular dark-field imaging has been carried out. The strain distribution of the active region with high accuracy has been obtained. The analysis of the out-of-plane strain shows that the active region in the InAs-based interband cascade laser is strain-compensated, while a certain degree of elemental intermixing still exists in the active region. This detailed strain distribution can provide valuable insights into the optimization of the growth conditions for the active region such as growth temperature, V/III flux ratio, and growth process to minimize the elemental intermixing and obtain a better performance interface while maintaining the strain-compensated state.
Emergence of chirality from electron spins, physical fields, and material-field composites
Authors: Kusunose Hiroaki , Kishine Jun-ichiro , Yamamoto Hiroshi M.
Published: June 2024

In this work, chirality in spin-active electronic states is explained clearly to address confusion about chiral effects recently discovered in materials science. We stress that the electronic toroidal monopole G0 can serve as a measure of chirality. By using the symmetry classification in terms of four distinct types of multipole bases, we extend the concept of chirality from materials to physical fields and material-field composites. Additionally, we illustrate specific examples from physics and chemistry that demonstrate the process of acquiring chirality through the combination of seemingly achiral degrees of freedom, which we term the emergence of chirality. Interference between multiple chiralities exhibiting phenomena specific to handedness is also discussed.
Selective topological valley transport of elastic waves in a Bragg-type phononic crystal plate
Authors: Tan Mao-Ting , Sun Xiao-Wei , Liu Yao-Hui , Gao Xing-Lin , Hu Lin-Wei , Song Ting
Published: June 2024

Based on the quantum valley Hall effect analogy, this work proposes a phononic crystal plate with ligament-type beams to obtain the topological valley transmission of elastic waves. A pure Bragg degenerate state appears in the high-frequency region with a resonator introduced. By rotating the central scatterer and the beams, the mirror symmetry is broken to form a topological bandgap. Subsequently, this work finds that two selective edge states also appear beside the commonly non-trivial crossing edge states in the topological bandgap by calculating the projected band and eigenvalue spectrum of the supercell with different valley Hall phases phononic crystals. Their appearance is due to band separation of the topological edge states caused by an increase in the rotation angle. Both selective edge states can transmit topologically in specific paths. They will help further to broaden the width of the frequency band of topological transmission. Besides, an elastic wave splitter is designed and demonstrated numerically, which can form two channels and three channels in different frequency bands. With the topological selective edge state disappearing, a topological corner state exists in the edge bandgap. This work provides a theoretical reference for practical applications of broadband elastic wave topological transmission and elastic energy trapping.
Exploring fracture of H-BN and graphene by neural network force fields
Authors: Shi Pengjie , Xu Zhiping
Published: June 2024

Extreme mechanical processes such as strong lattice distortion and bond breakage during fracture often lead to catastrophic failure of materials and structures. Understanding the nucleation and growth of cracks is challenged by their multiscale characteristics spanning from atomic-level structures at the crack tip to the structural features where the load is applied. Atomistic simulations offer ‘first-principles’ tools to resolve the progressive microstructural changes at crack fronts and are widely used to explore the underlying processes of mechanical energy dissipation, crack path selection, and dynamic instabilities (e.g. kinking, branching). Empirical force fields developed based on atomic-level structural descriptors based on atomic positions and the bond orders do not yield satisfying predictions of fracture, especially for the nonlinear, anisotropic stress–strain relations and the energy densities of edges. High-fidelity force fields thus should include the tensorial nature of strain and the energetics of bond-breaking and (re)formation events during fracture, which, unfortunately, have not been taken into account in either the state-of-the-art empirical or machine-learning force fields. Based on data generated by density functional theory calculations, we report a neural network-based force field for fracture (NN-F3) constructed by using the end-to-end symmetry preserving framework of deep potential—smooth edition (DeepPot-SE). The workflow combines pre-sampling of the space of strain states and active-learning techniques to explore the transition states at critical bonding distances. The capability of NN-F3 is demonstrated by studying the rupture of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and twisted bilayer graphene as model problems. The simulation results elucidate the roughening physics of fracture defined by the lattice asymmetry in h-BN, explaining recent experimental findings, and predict the interaction between cross-layer cracks in twisted graphene bilayers, which leads to a toughening effect.
A study on 3D LiDAR-based point cloud object detection using an enhanced PointPillars network
Authors: Tao Zeyu , Su Jianqiang , Zhang Jinjing , Liu Liqiang , Fu Yaxiong
Published: June 2024

The PointPillar target detection algorithm is a mainstream 3D lidar point cloud target detection algorithm that has a fast response speed but low detection accuracy. Addressing the problem of the low detection accuracy of the PointPillar target detection network, we propose an improved PointPillar target detection algorithm that integrates an attention mechanism. The algorithm first introduces the attention mechanism and strengthens the feature extraction module based on PointPillar to realize the amplification of the local information in the three scale feature maps and to better extract the more important feature information. Then, our algorithm adds an anchor free type detector head to further optimize the detector head module. The experimental results show that the optimized PointPillar target detection algorithm has achieved good test results in the KITTI data set. Under medium difficulty, the AOS mode mAP reaches 79.76%, the 3D mode mAP reaches 82.03%, and the BEV mode mAP reaches 82.30%. Compared with that of other point cloud target detection algorithms, the detection accuracy of our algorithm is improved by approximately 10%.
PET quantification performance of the oversize-volume-of-interest approach in the context of tumour dosimetry in radionuclide therapy planning
Authors: Hammersen Noah , Jentzen Walter , Stawitzki Florian , Herrmann Ken , Kersting David , Fragoso Costa Pedro , Moraitis Alexandros
Published: June 2024

Objective. The partial-volume effect (PVE) is an important factor impairing tumour quantification in molecular imaging. The commonly used contour-volume-of-interest (contour-VOI) approach to correct for this effect employs phantom-based recovery coefficients. Applying oversize-VOIs could offer superior quantification accuracy in small lesions. The oversize-VOI approach uses a large oversize volume to determine the total tumour activity after applying a background correction. Aims of this study were to provide a procedure for the application of the oversize-VOI approach and to compare its performance to the contour-VOI approach in PET imaging. Approach. A sphere tumour model was simulated to determine the oversize diameter that contained 90%, 95%, and 98% of the total activity as a function of the tumour size. Experimental investigations involving phantom and clinical data were conducted on a digital PET/CT scanner. In the phantom investigation, 12 spherical tumour inserts (diameters ranging from 3.7 to 37.4 mm) containing 18F-solution were used. The accuracy of the contour- and oversize-VOI approach was evaluated for different signal-to-background ratios (20–3). Clinically, both approaches were applied on PET/CT images acquired with 18F-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer patients. Main results. From the tumour model, we deduced that an oversize-VOI of two PET spatial resolutions larger than the physical lesion diameter contains at least 98% of the total activity for lesions with diameters down to one PET spatial resolution, while minimizing the background contribution. Both approaches were robust against varying phantom and clinical imaging conditions. Performance of the oversize-VOI approach was favorable for lesions below 10 mm in diameter, whereas the contour-VOI approach was slightly more accurate for sizes above 10 mm. Significance. The oversize-VOI approach facilitates image quantification of small tumours. It is simple and effective to correct for the PVE and may be used in pre-therapeutic (small) tumour dosimetry.
In vivo quantitative SPECT imaging of actinium-226: feasibility and proof-of-concept
Authors: Koniar Helena , Wharton Luke , Ingham Aidan , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Cristina , Kunz Peter , Radchenko Valery , Yang Hua , Rahmim Arman , Uribe Carlos , Schaffer Paul
Published: June 2024

Objective. 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals have tremendous potential for targeted alpha therapy, however, 225Ac (t
1/2 = 9.9 d) lacks direct gamma emissions for in vivo imaging. 226Ac (t
1/2 = 29.4 h) is a promising element-equivalent matched diagnostic radionuclide for preclinical evaluation of 225Ac radiopharmaceuticals. 226Ac has two gamma emissions (158 keV and 230 keV) suitable for SPECT imaging. This work is the first feasibility study for in vivo quantitative 226Ac SPECT imaging and validation of activity estimation. Approach. 226Ac was produced at TRIUMF (Vancouver, Canada) with its Isotope Separator and Accelerator (ISAC) facility. [226Ac]Ac3+ was radiolabelled with the bioconjugate crown-TATE developed for therapeutic targeting of neuroendocrine tumours. Mice with AR42J tumour xenografts were injected with either 2 MBq of [226Ac]Ac-crown-TATE or 4 MBq of free [226Ac]Ac3+ activity and were scanned at 1, 2.5, 5, and 24 h post injection in a preclinical microSPECT/CT. Quantitative SPECT images were reconstructed from the 158 keV and 230 keV photopeaks with attenuation, background, and scatter corrections. Image-based 226Ac activity measurements were assessed from volumes of interest within tumours and organs of interest. Imaging data was compared with ex vivo biodistribution measured via gamma counter. Main results. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first ever in vivo quantitative SPECT images of 226Ac activity distributions. Time-activity curves derived from SPECT images quantify the in vivo biodistribution of [226Ac]Ac-crown-TATE and free [226Ac]Ac3+ activity. Image-based activity measurements in the tumours and organs of interest corresponded well with ex vivo biodistribution measurements. Significance. Here in, we established the feasibility of in vivo
226Ac quantitative SPECT imaging for accurate measurement of actinium biodistribution in a preclinical model. This imaging method could facilitate more efficient development of novel actinium labelled compounds by providing accurate quantitative in vivo pharmacokinetic information essential for estimating toxicities, dosimetry, and therapeutic potency.