bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endometriosis in urology - an update
Authors:   Clinic of Urology, „Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, SPINU Dan , MARCU Dragos Radu ,   Clinic of Urology, „Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, BRATU Ovidiu ,   Clinic of Urology, „Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, IORGA Lucian ,   Clinic of Urology, „Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, MISCHIANU Dan ,   Clinic of Urology, „Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Endometriosis represents the aberrant implantation of endometrial tissue, respectively outside the uterus. It is one of the gynecological diseases with a great impact on the patient’s quality of life and especially on the fertility aspects. Due to the aberrant implantation, this disease can theoretically affect any organ in the abdominal and retroperitoneal cavity. Thus, cases involving the organs of the urinary tract are not a surprise. Material and methods: The present paper focuses on the urological impairment of endometriosis, etiology according to various hypotheses and an update of existing treatment methods. The possible proposals of therapeutic guides found in the literature are also taken into account.Results: The urological condition of this disease seems to increase in frequency in recent years. If in the case of asymptomatic patients an expectant attitude can be approached in relative safety, the local invasive nature of the disease, which can lead to the loss of the function of the various organs of the urinary tract, must not be omitted. In the case of symptomatic patients, the treatment is either hormonal or surgical, lately there is a tendency to combine the two types of treatment. Being a condition with relatively rare urological involvement, the differential diagnosis often omits endometriosis. There are currently several plausible guide proposals, but it takes time and richer casuistry to be able to standardize them. From the point of view of surgical treatment, there is a tendency to introduce robotic surgery in the therapeutic arsenal of this disease, both in the case of classical endometriosis and in the case of urological involvement.
Individualized blood pressure targets in the postoperative care of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Lindner Anna , Rass Verena , Ianosi Bogdan-Andrei , Schiefecker Alois Josef , Kofler Mario , Gaasch Max , Addis Alberto , Rhomberg Paul , Pfausler Bettina , Beer Ronny , Schmutzhard Erich , Thomé Claudius , Helbok Raimund
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Recent guidelines recommend targeting a systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mm Hg in the early management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The optimal SBP targets for ICH patients after hematoma evacuation (HE) remain unclear. Here, the authors aimed to define the optimal SBP range based on multimodal neuromonitoring data.

METHODS

Forty poor-grade ICH patients who had undergone HE and then monitoring of intracerebral pressure, brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2), and cerebral metabolism (via cerebral microdialysis [CMD]) were prospectively included. Episodes of brain tissue hypoxia (BTH) (1-hour averaged PbtO2 < 20 mm Hg) and metabolic distress (CMD–lactate/pyruvate ratio [LPR] ≥ 40) were identified and linked to corresponding parameters of hemodynamic monitoring (SBP and cerebral perfusion pressure [CPP]). Multivariable regression analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations to identify associations between SBP levels, PbtO2, and brain metabolism.

RESULTS

The mean patient age was 60 (range 51–66) years and the median [IQR] initial ICH volume was 47 [29–60] ml. In multivariable models adjusted for Glasgow Coma Scale score, probe location, ICH volume, and age, lower SBP was independently associated with a higher risk of BTH (≤ 120 mm Hg: adjusted OR 2.9, p = 0.007; 120–130 mm Hg: adj OR 2.4, p = 0.002; 130–140 mm Hg: adj OR 1.6, p = 0.017) compared to a reference range of 140–150 mm Hg at the level of the foramen interventriculare Monroi, which corresponded to a CPP of 70–80 mm Hg and SBP levels between 150 and 160 mm Hg at the heart level. After exclusion of episodes with mitochondrial dysfunction, SBP targets < 140 mm Hg were associated with higher odds of cerebral metabolic distress (≤ 130 mm Hg: OR 2.5, p = 0.041; 130–140 mm Hg: OR 2.3, p = 0.033). Patients with a modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 5 at neurological ICU discharge more often exhibited BTH than patients with better outcomes (51% vs 10%, p = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that lower SPB and CPP levels are associated with a higher risk for BTH. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether a higher SPB target may prevent BTH and improve outcomes.
Mortality and functional outcome after pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage: cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Boulouis Grégoire , Stricker Sarah , Benichi Sandro , Hak Jean-François , Gariel Florent , Kossorotoff Manoelle , Garcelon Nicolas , Harroche Annie , Alias Quentin , Garzelli Lorenzo , Bajolle Fanny , Boddaert Nathalie , Meyer Philippe , Blauwblomme Thomas , Naggara Olivier
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

The clinical outcome of pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage (pICH) is rarely reported in a comprehensive way. In this cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis of patients with pICH, the authors aimed to describe the basic clinical outcomes of pICH.

METHODS

Children who received treatment for pICH at the authors’ institution were prospectively enrolled in the cohort in 2008; data since 2000 were retrospectively included, and data through October 2019 were analyzed. The authors then searched PubMed and conducted a systematic review of relevant articles published since 1990. Data from the identified populations and patients from the cohort study were pooled into a multicategory meta-analysis and analyzed with regard to clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

Among 243 children screened for inclusion, 231 patients were included. The median (IQR) age at ictus was 9.6 (4.6–12.5) years, and 128 patients (53%) were male. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 33 (13–63) months, 132 patients (57.4%) had a favorable clinical outcome, of whom 58 (44%) had no residual symptoms. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the proportion of children with complete recovery was 27% (95% CI 19%–36%; Q = 49.6; I2 = 76%); of those with residual deficits, the complete recovery rate was 48.1% (95% CI 40%–57%; Q = 75.3; I2 = 81%). When pooled with the cohort study, the aggregate case-fatality rate at the last follow-up was 17.3% (95% CI 12%–24%; Q = 101.6; I2 = 81%).

CONCLUSIONS

Here, the authors showed that 1 in 6 children died after pICH, and the majority of children had residual neurological deficits at the latest follow-up. Results from the cohort study also indicate that children with vascular lesions as the etiology of pICH had significantly better clinical functional outcomes.
The Secret of Ishango Bones – On the helix structure of prime numbers
Authors: Born Christof
Published: April 2021

The Ishango bones were found in the 1950s by Belgian archaeologist Jean de Heinzelin near a Palaeolithic residence in Ishango, Africa. The inscriptions in the bones, which can be interpreted as numbers, are unique in their complexity in human history. Interestingly, on one of the two Ishango bones, we also find the six consecutive prime numbers 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 and 19. Did Stone Age people already know the secret of the prime numbers? This question is explored in my mathematical essay “The Secret of Ishango Bones”, an adventurous journey around the world from Basel in Switzerland to Erode in India. The presumed connection between the numbers on the Ishango bones and the structure of the prime numbers is illustrated by a sketch at the end of the text. Are the prime numbers organized as a double helix like DNA? Where did the people of Ishango get this knowledge? Did they perhaps have visits from aliens? As the physicist and mathematician Freeman John Dyson said so beautifully: “For any speculation which does not at first glance look crazy, there is no hope.”
CAPACITY BUILDING MELALUI BIMBINGAN PENGEMBANGAN PERPUSTAKAAN DESA
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Saleh Amin
Published: April 2021

Perpustakaan Nasional melalui program trasformasi perpustakaan berbasis inklusi sosial siap mewujudkan keberadaan perpustakaan sampai ke setiap desa melalui pembimbingan pengembangan perpustakaan desa dengan cara pendampingan dan penerapan program di perpustakaan desa.Perpustakaan desa menjadi bagian dari sistem sosial yang berperan untuk mengembangkan karakter, kompetensi dan literasi masyarakat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai daya saing masyarakat pedesaan untuk mengimbangi terjadinya percepatan program pembangunan pemerintah pusatProgram perpustakaan desa di dukung oleh Perpustakaan Nasional, Perpustakaan Provinsi, Perpustakaan Kabupaten sebagai strategi perpustakaan untuk mewujudkan pelayanan tanpa membedakan status, pekerjaan, ekonomi, jabatan, pendidikan dan sosial budaya sehingga perpustakaan tersedia untuk menjadi kebutuhan setiap masyarakat sepanjang hayat yang terdekat.
PENGARUH APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI SIGILIB TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PUSTAKAWAN DI PERPUSTAKAAN ISI SURAKARTA
Authors: Mustofa Mustofa
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of the application of the information system "SIGILIB" on the improvement of librarian performance at the UPT Library of ISI Surakarta. This research is descriptive quantitative in nature with research subjects are all librarians of the ISI Surakarta library, totaling 12 people. The object of this research is the SIGILIB Information System Application. Based on the results of data analysis from research that: 1) the main average of the SIGILIB Information System Application variable is 3,818. This value is on a scale range of 3.40 - 4.20 which indicates that it is at a high level. 2) The Grand Mean of the Performance variable carried out by the librarian is 4.175. This value is in the scale range from 3.40 to 4.20 which indicates that the performance of librarians at the ISI Surakarta library is at a high level. Relationship between SIGILIB Information System and Librarian Performance has a very strong relationship, the nature of the relationship between SIGILIB Information System and Librarian Performance. Because the value found the influence of the SIGILIB Information System on Librarian Performance is 0.898, the value is between 0.80 - 1,000. The data processing results show that the SIGILIB Information System variable t-count is greater than the t-table (6,456> 2,228) with a probability (0,000) less than the significant level of 0.05, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant effect. between the SIGILIB Information System veriabel on the performance of librarians at the Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta.
UPAYA PEMERINTAH DALAM MENANGGULANGI KELANGKAAN ARSIPARIS DI INDONESIA
Authors: Agustina Gina
Published: April 2021

Artikel ini berjudul Upaya Pemerintah dalam Menanggulangi Kelangkaan Arsiparis di Indonesia yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja upaya-upaya pemerintah dalam menanggulangi kelangkaan arsiparis di Indonesia. Pada artikel ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi pustaka sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa upaya pemerintah dalam menanggulangi kelangka arsiparis dengan menyediakan pendidikan formal kearsipan yang bekerjasama dengan berbagai perguruan tinggi negeri seperti Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Gajah Mada, Universitas Negeri Padang. Upaya berikutnya dengan mencanangkan pendirian Sekolah Tinggi Kearsipan kemudian dengan  melaksanakan pembinaan kearsipan yang dilaksanakan ANRI, pihak yang terlibat antara lain Pemerintah Provinsi, Pemerintah Daerah dengan menerapkan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia nomor 28 tahun 2012 tentang pelaksanaan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia nomor 43 tahun 2009 tentang kearsipan.
PRESERVASI KOLEKSI KASET VIDEO LANGKA KE DALAM BENTUK DIGITAL MELALUI PROSES ALIH MEDIA (Studi Kasus di UPT Perpustakaan ISI Surakarta)
Authors: Sulistyo Eko
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pemindahan media koleksi kaset video ke dalam bentuk digital sebagai pengawet dan untuk mengetahui pengawetan kaset video menggunakan salah satu software. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, studi pustaka dan dokumen. Selain menggunakan metode kualitatif, peneliti juga menggunakan metode partisipatif untuk melestarikan digitalisasi, pustakawan akan terlibat langsung dan berpartisipasi dalam perencanaan proses pelestarian berdasarkan analisis sosial atau permasalahan di lapangan. Cara pengawetan ini berbeda, karena objek yang dipelajari atau  dipindahkan adalah kaset video langka yang terdapat di Perpustakaan ISI Surakarta. Proses pengawetan memerlukan penanganan khusus, harus melalui tahapan pra transfer media yang biasa dilakukan dalam persiapan, antara lain: 1) Menyiapkan daftar koleksi kaset video yang akan diawetkan 2) Memilih prioritas atau koleksi prioritas yang sangat urgen sebagai media pembelajaran di ISI Surakarta. 3) Memilih sumber daya manusia yang ahli di bidang pelestarian. 4) Diperlukan peralatan yang lebih baik terutama pada komputer dengan spesifikasi tinggi 5) Persiapan Infrastruktur. Strategi preservasi yang dilakukan UPT Perpustakaan ISI Surakarta adalah dengan mentransfer media dari koleksi kaset video ke dalam bentuk digital, media transfer ini terdiri dari 9 tahap dan menggunakan Software VEGAS Pro 16.0. Tahapan dalam transfer media kaset video adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Membuka program  software VEGAS Pro 16.0. 2) Capture koleksi video yang ditransfer. 3) Pemilihan Format Video. 4) Proses Pengambilan Video. 5) Mengedit Proses Pembuatan Menu. 6) Proses Impor Data Video. 7) Pengambilan File Dokumen Video. 8) Proses Pengeditan Video. 9) Proses Rendering Video.
GERAKAN PENERJEMAHAN SEBAGAI BAGIAN AKTIVITAS DAKWAH DAN KEILMUAN DI DUNIA ISLAM (Tinjauan Historis Gerakan penerjemahan pada Masa Khalifah Harun Ar-Rasyid dan Khalifah al-Ma’mun)
Authors: Rohana Rohana , Lubis Lubis , Ridwan Ridwan
Published: April 2021

Dakwah berarti menyeru atau mengajak ke jalan Allah (ud’u ila sabili rabbika). Dalam arti, mengajak seseorang atau sekelompok orang untuk berislam dan mengamalkan nilainya. Akan tetapi, secara praksis (sosilogis, historis), khususnya yang dilakukan oleh Nabi, para sahabat, tabi’in, tabi’ at-tabi’in, dan generasi sesudahnya ternyata dakwah bukan hanya sekadar menyeru dan mengajak. Akan tetapi dakwah juga melakukan upaya-upaya secara Islami, manusiawi, namun efektif dalam rangka membentuk akhlak yang mulia. Bahkan lebih dari itu, dakwah juga melakukan berbagai perbaikan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan dan peradaban Islam.Aktivitas dakwah dalam pengertian yang lebih luas tidak hanya dilakukan melalui gerakan verbal (dakwah lisan) sebagaimana yang sering digunakan pada masa sekarang, namun juga dilakukan melalui gerakan-gerakan intelektual melalui aktivitas penerjemahan. Gerakan intelektual melalui penerjemahan inilah yang kemudian menurut penulis sebagai bentuk aktivitas dakwah Islam yang di dalamnya terkandung seruan atau ajakan umat Islam untuk mengamalkan nilai-nilai al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah.Aktivitas dakwah melalui gerakan penerjemahan telah dilakukan sejak masa Daulah Umayyah, namun gerakan besar-besaran terjadi pada masa daulah Abbasiyah terutama pada masa khalifah Harun ar-Rasyid dan khalifah al-Ma’mun. Kedua khalifah ini mampu mengantarkan Islam pada masa keemasan yang ditandai dengan berbagai kemajuan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan. Salah satu bidikan khalifah terkait dengan kemajuan Islam di bidang keilmuan adalah gerakan penerjemahan. Gerakan penerjemahan ini kemudian dipusatkan di Bayt al-Hikmah, sebuah biro penerjemahan yang didirikan oleh khalifah Harun ar-Rasyid.Dengan demikian penelitian ini akan lebih difokuskan pada kajian historis gerakan penerjemahan yang dipusatkan di Bayt al-Hikmah pada masa khalifah Harun ar-Rasyid dan khalifah al-Ma’mun. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan bahwa penerjemahan juga dapat menjadi aktivitas dakwah yang tidak kalah penting dan tidak kalah berpengaruh dari dakwah lisan yang kerap digunakan. Kajian ini juga menjelaskan bagaimana gerakan penerjemahan nantinya mempengaruhi pola pikir masyarakat dalam menyikapi persoalan kehidupan terutama yang menyangkut kemajuan peradaban, sebagaimana halnya juga dakwah yang biasa digunakan umumnya mempengaruhi pola pikir dan sikap masyarakat.
Bridging the gap between novel and stage play : Interview with Simmer Chinodya on Harvest of Thorns
Authors:   University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Chirere Memory
Published: April 2021

This interview is based on Shimmer Chinodya's internationally acclaimed novel of 1989, Harvest of Thorns, which was adapted by the author himself for stage and presented during 2013 the Harare International Festival of the Arts (Hifa) as a stage drama. It was staged to a capacity crowd on April 30, 2013 at 7 Arts Theatre in Harare, Zimbabwe. I caught up with Shimmer Chinodya on Tuesday, May 21, 2013 and interviewed him about the goings on behind the scenes because he had adapted his own novel to a stage play and was producing it himself. I wanted Shimmer Chinodya to tackle directly the general issues and problematic of the subject of adaptation; what do you choose to pick (and why?) from events in a huge novel such as Harvest of Thorns? This means that I wanted him to think about what guided his gaze. I was also keen on having him reflect why he went solo; to the extent of writing, adapting, directing and producing -all by himself. The interview brings a novel approach to critiquing the gap that exists in researches on bridging gaps across literary genres of the novel and the stage play and their criticism.
Green Guerrillas and Counterinsurgent Environmentalists in the Petén, Guatemala
Authors: Andersson Anthony
Published: April 2021

At the peak of Guatemala's 36-year civil war (1960-1996), fought between a right-wing authoritarian regime and leftist guerrillas, the army massacred tens of thousands of Maya peasants in a genocidal counterinsurgency. The scorched earth campaign halted the insurgency's momentum, but the army was unable to secure political or military control in the large area of northern lowlands called El Petén. This essay examines how, at this critical juncture, the insurgents and the army embraced distinct environmentalist platforms and land-use policies in order to gain a strategic advantage. It argues that the army won a discursive battle, with assistance from big international conservation NGOs, to claim itself as the only legitimate 'defender of the forests'. This enabled the military to consolidate its position against the insurgents in the northern lowlands, contributing to its de facto victory in the war, as well as fuelling ongoing violence in the postwar.
Fire and Power on the River Basin: Irregular Warfare and Socio-Environmental Consequences of the Guerrilla in Araguaia, Brazil
Authors: de Majo Claudio
Published: April 2021

The aim of this article is to retrace a guerrilla episode that occurred in the Amazon region of Araguaia during the military dictatorship in Brazil (1972-1975), opposing a group of militants from the Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) and the National Brazilian Army. Taking advantage of the geographical characteristics of the region, a small group of guerrilla fighters was able to confront a large military contingent for almost three years. As this article demonstrates, appealing to the powerful symbolic potential of the Amazon jungle, the guerrilla created a solid environmental narrative of force and shrewdness supported by the local population. However, as military forces began to better explore the region and to resort to irregular warfare strategies, they managed to curb the guerrilla, exterminating almost every member involved in the fight. Finally, this article looks at the marked socio-environmental scars that the conflict left in the region, and how these influenced social, political and ecological equilibriums during the following decades.
The Maya Forest and Indigenous Resistance during the Caste War
Authors: Pretel David
Published: April 2021

This article provides an environmental history of indigenous resistance during the Caste War, a major Indian revolt that took place in the Yucatán peninsula between 1847 and 1901. It argues that the evolution of the war was bound to the material conditions of the vast Maya rainforest and the expanding built environment at this area's commodity frontiers. In this regard, the article advances two main theses. First, that the Maya rainforest was an ideal battleground for the insurgents' guerrilla warfare but extremely challenging for regular military columns. Second, that indigenous subversion and survival rested on both commodity extraction and everyday agricultural practices carried out in the forest. In short, indigenous resistance was built on the ecology and geography of the rainforest at the contested interstices of empires and nations.
The Enduring Climate of Conflict: Drought, Impoverishment and the Long Aftermath of Civil War in Peru
Authors: Puente Javier
Published: April 2021

This article explores the relationship and correlation between climate and conflict in the contemporary Peruvian Andes before, during, and in the aftermath of the most recent civil conflict (1980-2000). Based on the combination of climatological data related to the 1982-1983 El Niño, personal testimonies, and other source documents, the following pages unpack the ecological meaning of the campesino condition as a foundational element preceding the conflict, as the pivotal object and subject of escalating social violence, and as the chief outcome of insurrectionary and counter-insurrectionary terror.
Early Medieval Great Hall Complexes in England: Temporality and Site Biographies
Authors: Faulkner Neil , Blakelock Eleanor
Published: April 2021

This paper offers a critical reconsideration of the social, spatial and temporal dynamics of sixth- to eighth-century great hall complexes in England. The major interpretative issues and constraints imposed by the data are considered, and the sites are then subject to comparative analysis across long-term and short-term temporal scales. The former highlights persistence of antecedent activity and centrality, the latter the ways in which the built environment was perceived in the past, structured social action, and was a medium for the construction and consolidation of elite identity and authority. Within the broad similarity that defines the site-type there is evidence for considerable diversity and complexity of site history and afterlife.
Anglo-Saxon Sundials
Authors: Okasha Elizabeth
Published: April 2021

This paper lists and discusses all known Anglo-Saxon stone sundials in the light of recent work published on Anglo- Saxon and Romanesque sculpture. Typical features of these sundials are given, including differences between the sundials and the ‘scratch dials’, the latter being more numerous and largely of post-Conquest date. The function and working of the sundials, and the systems of time-measurement used on them, are described and discussed. The second half of the paper discusses the twelve Anglo-Saxon stone sundials which contain an inscribed text, considering in particular the nature of the texts and the vocabulary employed. This vocabulary is compared with time-measurement vocabulary used in contemporary manuscripts. Finally the question is addressed as to why Anglo-Saxon sundials are always found in association with churches.
Climate Law and Its Skeptics: Whither Protection of the Atmosphere?
Authors: Sand Peter H.
Published: April 2021

‘Climate change law’ is considered by a number of legal scholars as an emergent novel discipline. The question, then, is whether the advent (and future prospect) of climate change has resulted in a coherent autonomous new body of law, be it a nascent one; or is it nothing more or less than the application of existing national and international environmental law to climatic problems? It is perhaps worth recalling that international environmental law itself only ascended to the rank of a recognized discipline of its own in the 1990s, over considerable academic scepticism at the time. Not un-similarly, the ongoing new project of the UN International Law Commission (ILC) for the drafting of guidelines on “protection of the atmosphere” has met with resistance from a few powerful States claiming that there is no need for further codification of international law in this field. Yet, considering our common interest in conserving the quality of the Earth’s atmosphere and climate, the ILC project may indeed encourage further development of a concept of inter-generational “planetary trusteeship”, owed by States as public trustees to present and future citizens as the beneficiaries.
New Approaches for International Water Resources
Authors: McIntyre Owen
Published: April 2021

As a body of rules and a basis for inter-State cooperative practice, international water law suffers from certain important shortcomings. Most significantly, it is characterised by substantive normative indeterminacy, and from related deficiencies in its associated procedural and institutional frameworks, which retard its progressive development and limit its capacity to respond to the looming challenges of the impending global water crisis. Though it has evolved progressively in recent years to incorporate a far-reaching obligation upon watercourse States to adopt an ecosystem approach to the management of shared watercourses, this very development highlights international water law’s systemic difficulty in accommodating water management techniques which are critically important to effective implementation of such an approach and, ultimately, to addressing the water crisis. Such techniques, with which international water law struggles, include multi-faceted benefit-sharing, adaptive management, and public and stakeholder participation. The latter two are considered essential for implementation of an ecosystem approach, while the former comprises a cooperative technique facilitated by an ecosystem approach, by means of which watercourse States might eliminate inefficiencies and ensure optimal utilisation of shared water resources. These problems illustrate the urgent imperative of continuing to develop and refine, if not completely reimagine, the rules of international water law.
Climate change, global population growth, and humanoid robots
Authors: McBride James
Published: April 2021

According to the 2015 Paris Agreement, signatories were to limit global warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. However, it is more likely that global warming will rise above 1.5°C by 2050 and 2.0°C by 2100. The primary driver of climate change is population growth. 7.7 billion people live on the planet with projections of 11 billion by 2100. Accordingly, developed countries like the US, which disproportionately generate the CO2 causing climate change, need to reduce population; however, the U.S. government, in particular, is increasingly hostile to the availability of birth control and abortion. It is in this context that the technological world of humanoid robots may make a significant impact upon populations in the developed world. Scholars project the proliferation of humanoid robots as objects of sexual desire. As people increasingly use humanoid robots as sexual partners, particularly in developed countries where individuals can afford expensive sexbots, the birth rate of developed countries will surely fall from the current 1.7 in the US, 1.6 in Europe, and 1.4 in Japan. This article explores the problems with and the possibilities of humanoid sex robots as a prophylactic to human population growth and climate change.
The use of high dose octreotide in management of neonatal chylothorax: Review
Authors: Alhasoon M.A.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND:

Being a rare condition, the incidence of chylothorax among neonates is low, but the mortality rate is high. In a dire effort to reduce the risk of death, octreotide treatment is used to effectively treat acquired and congenital chylothorax. Octreotide is proven to effectively treat chylothorax in pre-term and full-term neonates. However, previous studies have not consistently demonstrated the optimal dose of octreotide or the best mode of administration. The objectives of this work were to review previous literature to determine the outcomes of administering high doses of octreotide compared to lower dose regimens in neonates with chylothorax and to determine best practices.

METHODS:

A literature search was performed using electronic databases using the key words neonates, chylothorax, and octreotide.

RESULTS:

Octreotide has been administrated in doses ranging from 0.5 μg/kg/h to > 20 μg/kg/h. Both low- and high-doses of octreotide are effective in resolving chylothorax with little to no side effects. When side effects were reported, neonates experienced side effects that are less significant in nature and scope.

CONCLUSIONS:

We recommend that the dose of octreotide in neonatal chylothorax can be titrated safely to a maximum of 20 μg/kg/h without significant side effects.
Demand for housing loans and interest rates in Russian regions
Authors: Mishura A. V.
Published: April 2021

This work examines the current world experience in assessing the sensitivity of household mortgage borrowing to interest rates. The data of the “bank— region—year” format are used to estimate supply and demand equations for housing loans issued by banks in the regions of the country in 2015—2018. Our estimations have revealed that the demand on the mortgage market in the regions is sensitive to the price of loans: when weighted average rate at which a bank issues mortgages in a region is lower by 1 percentage point it is associated with an increase in demand up to 20—25%, all other things being equal, that is, when taking into account the number of offices of a bank in that region, the economic situation and region’s characteristics in that year. Demand for mortgages is elastic at interest rates, which means that by lowering rates on mortgage programs, banks can expect an increase in demand, due both to an increase in overall demand for loans and to an overflow of borrowers from other banks. Consequently, it was confirmed that high interest rates on mortgages hinder the development of housing lending.
National and regional type I and II input—output multipliers: Analysis of calculation methods
Authors: Cherniavsky A. V. , Chepel A. A.
Published: April 2021

The main application of input—output models is the analysis and forecasting of impact that changes in the final consumption volume and composition have on the production structure. The paper presents results of type I and II multipliers calculation for national and regional (evidence from Moscow) economies based on the input—output tables for 2016 for aggregated economic activities. The attention is devoted first of all to structural aspects of multiplicative effects and to the analysis of the variability of regional multipliers calculation results depending on the approaches. To derive regional multipliers we apply location quotient-based approaches. We show that national type II (including induced effects) and regional multipliers estimations may be highly sensitive to the estimation technique choice. Results from such calculations should be interpreted with consideration to differences of the used techniques and their tendencies to under- or overestimate effects of the final consumption structural changes.
Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus Hastalarında Serum Ürik Asit Düzeyinin Değerlendirilmesi ve Ürik Asit Düzeyinin Mikrovasküler Komplikasyonlar ile İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇALAPKULU Murat , SENCAR Muhammed Erkam , ÖZTÜRK ÜNSAL İlknur , BAYRAM Seyit , SAKIZ Davut , ÖZBEK Mustafa , ÇAKAL Erman
Published: April 2021

Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pankreasta bulunan beta hücrelerinin hasarı sonucu gelişen ve insülin eksikliği ile karakterize kronik metabolik bir hastalıktır. Nefropati, retinopati ve nöropati diyabetin bilinen mikrovasküler komplikasyonlarıdır. T1DM hastalarında serum ürik asit (SÜA) düzeyini değerlendiren az sayıda çalışma mevcuttur ve SÜA düzeyinin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar ile ilişkisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada T1DM hastalarında SÜA düzeyini değerlendirmeyi ve SÜA düzeyinin mikrovasküler komplikasyonlar ile ilişkisini incelemeyi amaçladık. Bu çalışma 18 yaşından büyük T1DM tanısı ile takipli 160 hastanın ve 85 sağlıklı kontrolün dosyalarının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi ile yapıldı. T1DM hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre SÜA düzeyi düşük bulundu (p:0.035) ve SÜA düzeyi ile HbA1c arasında negatif kolerasyon saptandı (r:-0.172, p:0.03). SÜA ile kreatinin düzeyi arasında pozitif kolerasyon saptandı (r:0.269, p:0.001). Nefropati gelişen hastalarda SÜA düzeyi diyabet süresinden bağımsız olarak yüksek saptanırken (r2:0.185, p:0.027) nöropati ve retinopatisi mevcut olan hastalarda SÜA yüksekliği bağımsız bir risk faktörü olarak saptanmadı. Sonuç olarak T1DM hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre daha düşük SÜA düzeyi bulunmasına rağmen diyabetik nefropati gelişen hastalarda SÜA düzeyinin yüksek olduğu saptandı. Yüksek SÜA düzeyinin diyabetik nefropati gelişiminde risk faktörü olup olmadığını belirlemek için daha ileri prospektif çalışmalar gereklidir.
The use of alternative energy sources in the planning of ecotourism facilities as one of the technological methods of environmental protection
Authors: Kachmar N. , Datsko T. , Ivankiv M. , Dydiv A.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of research on environmental, energy and economic efficiency of the use of alternative energy sources to provide heat to buildings located on the territory of nature reserves. Spending of time on the territory of the nature reserve fund gives the chance of various kinds of rest: use of bicycle routes, ecological paths, the organized places of recreation, etc. Therefore, in specially designated areas complexes are built for vacationers. They provide them with a comfortable stay and the opportunity to get the most out of the chosen type of recreation. Electricity networks are most often used to provide buildings with electric power on the territory of nature reserve facilities. However, this has a significant negative impact on the environment. Many of these facilities are located at a great distance from the settlements, that increases the cost of electrification and gasification. Such facilities require large investments in hot water and heat. Therefore, alternative energy sources are suitable for such cases. The main advantage of using solar panels and heat pump is their environmental friendliness and long period of operation without major repairs. It is established that for the installation of vertical probes it is enough to use four branches 106 m long. For this combined system it is necessary to install six solar collectors, which will provide monthly heat production in the amount of 514.03 MJ. The use of solar collectors and a heat pump to provide heat to the visitor center will reduce the annual operating costs by 4.63 times compared to the costs required for the operation of a system that would operate on the basis of a gas boiler. The use of a combined heat supply system will make it possible to abandon the use of 7156.3 kg of conventional fuel and as a result will reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the amount of 7871.9 kg. Our country is interested in the use of renewable energy sources by reducing the cost of traditional energy sources, the overall reduction of greenhouse gas emissions during combustion. The state receives direct income from the sale of quotas for harmful emissions.
Prediction of birth and postpartum pathology in deep-calving heifers by biochemical parameters of blood
Authors: Koreyba L. V.
Published: April 2021

The success of the control of obstetric diseases in cattle depends on the timely implementation of preventive measures, and, in cases of pathology, on diagnosis, effective obstetric care and treatment. A prominent place is given to blood tests among the methods that allow to objectively assess the state of health and the course of the pathological process in animals' bodies. The study of biochemical parameters of blood allows for the assessment of the state of metabolic processes in animals, with high accuracy in establishing the body's general condition and predicting complications and adjusting their prevention and therapy. The goal of the work: our work aimed to study the biochemical parameters of the blood of deep-calving heifers for the prediction, correction, and prevention of obstetric pathology during childbirth and puerperium. The research was carried out on deep-calving heifers of Holstein breed selected on the principle of analogues. Biochemical examination of blood serum was performed in the district laboratory of veterinary medicine. Indicators of protein and mineral metabolism were determined in the blood serum of deep- calving heifers: total protein, carotene, reserve alkalinity, inorganic phosphorus, albumin content, class M immunoglobulins. The obtained research results indicate that the total protein content corresponds to the norm in deep-calving heifers of the Holstein black-spotted breed. The protein coefficient exceeds the standard. There are pronounced deviations in the blood's biochemical parameters: low levels of carotene almost two-fold, reserve alkalinity – 1.91-fold, the total calcium content – by 16.08 % and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus by 17.78 %. Since the decrease in carotene content correlates with the predisposition to endometritis, the Holstein black-spotted breed's deep-calving heifers are prone to developing birth and postpartum pathology. For pregnant cows which are predisposed to postpartum obstetric pathology, that occur in weak parturition activity, failure to release the placenta, uterus subinvolution, endometritis and postpartum hypocalcaemia, unfavorable prognostication is the low concentration in blood plasma of general calcium, inorganic phosphorus and carotene.
Specific features of morphological structure of cat pancreas under pancreatitis
Authors: Goralskyi L. P. , Kovalchuk O. M. , Sokulskyi I. M. , Kolesnik N. L.
Published: April 2021

A scientific paper is devoted to studying histomorphology of healthy cats’ pancreas under acute pancreatitis. A pancreas was taken for a histological analysis (n = 6 in each group) from healthy cats, who died because of fatal injuries. The material under acute pancreatitis was taken in a scientific work-training clinic from the cats who died because of the pathalogical processes of a given pathology, or sick animals were put to death because of their critical condition and upon the consent of animal’s owner. Histological analysis of pancreas tissue were carried out in the laboratory of pathomorphology which is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Polissia National University. Histologic sections (from 8 to 12 micron thick) of a pancreas of both groups were painted with Ehrlich’s, Carazzi’s hematoxylin and with eozyn applying a method of Van-Gizon, after which light microscopy and microphotography of tissue specimens were carried out. Animal pancreas is of parenchymal structure, it is divided into particles consisting of pancreatic acinuses which have sharp contours of inter-acinus, internal and inter-particle canals as well as of the main canals. There are Langerhans islets (endocrine cells accumulation) among acinuses. When studying a histological structure of a gland under acute pancreatitis, some widening of inter-acinus space of a gland, a well-defined interstitial swelling and hyperemia of stroma were observed. Acinal cells (pancreatocytes of exocrine pancreas) were in a state of granular degeneration, another part of such cells was in a state of hydropic degeneration. The acinus size increased. Some acinuses lost their typical form and did not have a well-defined structure. In a gland histostructure the amount of fibroblasts, fibrocytes and synthesized collagen fibers, which were painted bright-red applying Van-Gizon method, increased. A histological structure of endocrine pancreas, which is repesented by islets of Langerhans, had some hemorrhages and burned-out cells. The islets contours were not well-defined, their capsules were ruptured on all areas. There was total necrosis of endocrine cells, islets capillaries were widened anf filled with blood. Some local hemorrhages and chromatin margination in some nuclei of different types of cells were revealed. According to organometry indices of a gland, the absolute weight of a gland (Р ≤ 0,05) increased by 1.24 time as compared with a clinically healthy animals, that accounted for становило 6.82 ± 2.31 g, and in clinically healthy cats – 5.5 ± 1.82 g. Relative gland mass increased by 1.3 times and equalled 0.50 ± 0.03 %.
SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL ESTERS OF PHENYL- AND p-PHENYL SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR CONVERSION
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Materials, NAS of Azerbaijan, Guliyev K.G. , Rzayeva A.E. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials, NAS of Azerbaijan, Guliyev A.M. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials, NAS of Azerbaijan
Published: April 2021

The reaction of carboethoxycarbene with styrene and p-substituted styrenes in the conditions of thermocatalytic decomposition of ethyl diazoacetate has been studied. It has been shown that the substituents in the investigated styrenes have an essential effect on the activity of the double bond with respect to carboethoxy¬¬carbene. It has been established as a result of the investigation that the substituents in the para- position of styrene influence essentially on the activity of the double bond with respect to carboethoxycarbene. It has been revealed that carboethoxycarbene is connected to the double bond of styrene and p-styrenes practically without formation of by products. As a result of the reaction, 2-phenyl and 2-p-substituted phenyl-1-ethoxycarbonyl cyclopropane (1–4) as a mixture of cis- and trans- isomers at a ratio of~ (30:70) with the predominant formation of a trans-isomer has been obtained. The composition and structure of the synthesized compounds have been established. It has been revealed that all synthesized cyclopropane-containing compounds show the various biologically active properties. In addition, the compounds 9–12 can be used as a modifier and diluent for epoxy resin ED-20
PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE TlTe–Tl9TmTe6 SYSTEM
Authors:   M.Nagiyev Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry, of NAS of Azerbaijan, Mehdiyeva I.F.
Published: April 2021

Phase equilibria in the TlTe–Tl9TmTe6 system were experimentally studied by methods of differential thermal and powder X-ray diffraction analyses. The system was found to be non-quasibinary due to the incongruent nature of both initial components melting, but it is stable below solidus and is characterized by formation limited solid solutions (2 mol%) based on Tl9TmTe6 are revealed in the system
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES OF RANDOM POLYPROPYLENE WITH BUTADIENE-NITRILE RUBBER AND VULCANIZATES BASED ON THEM
Authors:   Institute of Polymer Materials, NAS of Azerbaijan, Quliyev A.J. , Kakhramanov N.T. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials, NAS of Azerbaijan, Koseva N.S. ,   Institute of Polymers, Sofia, Bulgaria, Arzumanova N.B. ,   Institute of Polymer Materials, NAS of Azerbaijan
Published: April 2021

The paper presents the results of studying the effects of butadiene-nitrile rubber concentration and temperature on the flow curves of the random polypropylene-based polymer blends. To improve the technological compatibility of polymer blends, a graft(ed) copolymer of polypropylene with maleic anhydride was used as a compatibilizer. Melt viscosity as a function of temperature and shear rate is shown, and the activation energy of a viscous flow has been defined. A generalized temperature-invariant characteristic of the viscosity properties of polymer blends has been plotted. This makes it possible to predict the value of their effective viscosity at high shear rates, close to real processing conditions
Organizational culture, diversity, and employees’ health in social/human services: A systematic review
Authors: Sethi Bharati , Vito Rosemary , Ongbanouekeni Vanessa
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeadership and organizational culture significantly impact employees' work performance and job satisfaction, but less is known about employee health and well-being within a diverse work environment. This study systematically reviewed 23 studies published between 2007-2019 that addressed organizational culture, diversity/workplace, and employee health within North American social/human services organizations. Results highlighted three themes: 1) Organizational Culture within Social/Human Services, 2) Diversity and Workplace, and 3) Employee Health at the Intersection of Organizational Culture and Diversity. Conclusions emphasize the need for organizations to adjust to changing workforce demographics and promote an equitable workplace culture.
The impact of a transitional intervention for youth living with early psychosis: A mixed methods study
Authors: McCay Elizabeth , Tibbo Philip , Conrad Gretchen , Aiello Andria , Crocker Candice , Beanlands Heather , Schwind Jasna , Kirwan Nicole , Langley John , Sheasgreen Clare , Danaher Audrey
Published: April 2021

Our research team implemented and evaluated a 12-week manual-based intervention focused on sustaining recovery for youth with psychosis, as they transitioned from Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI) to community-based care teams. The study employed a mixed methods prospective cohort design. Statistically significant improvement in functioning was observed for the intervention group participants only; as well as observed improvements in self-esteem and quality of life (SQLS), compared to the comparison group who demonstrated a significant decline in functioning. The qualitative findings revealed a sense of optimism about the future and the value of realistic goal-setting in the intervention group.

Keywords: Early Psychosis, Transitional Intervention, Recovery, Functioning, Goal-Setting
Effects of pouring technique on orientation of steel and synthetic macrofibres in fibre-reinforced concrete
Authors: Juhász Károly Péter
Published: April 2021

Fibre-reinforced concrete is a short-fibre composite material, whose properties are significantly dependent on the orientation of the mixed fibres. As a starting point, the fibres are assumed to be uniformly distributed and have a uniform orientation. However, in reality, they have a non-uniform distribution owing to various factors. Such deviations in the orientation may have a significant effect on the material parameters, both favourable and unfavourable. In this study, the orientation factors determined based on the mixing models reported in the literature are compared with the results of experimental tests performed in the laboratory, and the effects of the formwork and the pouring methods used on the orientation of both steel and synthetic macrofibres are investigated. Based on the results of the study, the orientation of the fibres (both, steel and macro synthetic) significantly depends on the pouring method, which considerably influences the material parameters of fibre-reinforced concrete.
工程造价影响因素分析及控制造价策略分析
Authors: 谢 慧敏
Published: April 2021

工程造价可直接影响建筑建设单位成本及经济收益，近年来建筑行业竞争趋于白热化，工程造价成为影响建设单位发展建设的主要因素，如何处理好造价与质量间的关系成为发展重难点。基于此，文中首先阐述了工程造价的影响因素，在此基础上结合工程建设流程提出工程造价控制策略，旨在以工程造价为突破口，提高建设单位经济收益，实现工程造价与建设质量的协同发展。
建筑工程管理创新及绿色施工管理探讨
Authors: 沈 柏锋
Published: April 2021

对于整个建筑工程来说，通过绿色施工管理措施对其进行有效的管控是目前我国现代化管控工作非常重要的一项工作。由于生态环境需要不断的进行保护，因此，绿色施工理念以及管控理念对于建筑工程来说有着重要的作用。文章主要分析和研究了绿色施工管控理念的价值还有管控策略等等。
土建工程施工安全管理研究及改进策略
Authors: 宋 红印
Published: April 2021

我国社会经济的发展和土建工程有着很大的关系，当前我国土建工程正在蓬勃发展，在国家经济进步和改善国民生活条件方面发挥了重要的价值。土建工程施工需要投入较长的时间和较多的材料，施工中容易受到多方面因素的影响，如果没有进行各个环节合理地控制，很容易发生安全问题，造成严重的后果。为此，相关工作人员应当加强当前土建施工中常见安全管理问题的分析和总结，明确管理中的不足，从而采取有效的优化改进措施，提升施工过程安全水平，确保工程的顺利完工。