bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Plastics Using Cassava Peel Waste and Addition of CuSO4
Authors: Humaidi Syahrul
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the characteristics of a conductive plastic based on root starch and CuSO4 filler. The mixture variation was (95:5)%; (90:10)%; (85:15)%; (80:20)% and (75:25)%. Glycerol is used to change the material as desired (plasticizer) which is called a plasticizer. The method used in the manufacture of this material is melt intercalation. Mechanical testing includes tensile strength (tensile strength) and elongation at break. Thermal testing was done using DTA (Differential Thermal Analysis) and material conductivity testing. The characterization results showed that the optimum starch composition: CuSO4 (75:25)% had a conductivity value of 7.3 x 10-2S.m-1, a thermal test value of 410ºC. The optimum tensile strength value occurs in the composition (80:20)% with a value of 4.606 MPa
Utilization of the EG8010 Microcontroller to Construct a Pure Sine Inverter Using the Single Phase Sinusoidal Inverter ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) Method
Authors: Brahmana Kurnia
Published: April 2021

A pure sine inverter has been successfully designed by utilizing the EG8010 microcontroller which is used as an alternative energy source when the main power grid is cut. This pure sine inverter tool functions to stop the conversion when the power drops from the minimum value. This tool consists of a microcontroller to run the DC to AC converter instructions for 380 volts. Meanwhile, DC functions as a voltage source that provides the overall voltage. The signal waves that have been converted from DC to AC on the EG8010 Module are needed to control FET which functions as a signal amplifier. This signal is used to drive four FET n-channel and IRF480 which work alternately in sending data to the power FET to form an H-Bridge bridge and the output signal from the H-Bridge. Furthermore, the H-Bridge bridge and the output signal from the H-Bridge are sent through the transformer, so that the final output signal is a pure DC to AC sine wave. The resulting pure sine wave dc to ac can provide a maximum power of 240 watts.
Dynamic Characterization of Macrobending Loss Optical Fiber-Based Load Sensor
Authors: Widiyatmoko Bambang , Rofianingrum Mefina Y.
Published: April 2021

The weight of vehicles passing through the road greatly affects road damage, so it is necessary to have a non-stop weighing system or Weight in Motion (WIM). In this study, the dynamic characterization of the WIM sensor was carried out based on the principle of optical fiber macrobending. In this study, a single-mode step-index optical fiber was used as the sensor material and a laser diode with a power of 5 mW and a wavelength of 1,550 nm as a light source. Characterization was carried out by running over the sensor using a motor with three variations of speed, namely 10 km/hour, 15 km/hour, and 20 km/hour. Two different conditions were also carried out, namely, the sensor was directly crushed and the sensor was reinforced in the form of a half-cylinder wooden beam. The test was carried out with three different types of sensors. From the observations, data shows that the addition of a beam can increase the accuracy of the reading as seen from the smaller the difference in the output voltage reading for the same type of sensor and vehicle speed. Besides that, there is a strengthening of the sensor resistance up to 10 times which is known from the sensor output voltage where the voltage at the addition of the beam is 1/10 of the reading without the beam. This is due to an increase in the sensor area exposed to the load.
FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND CHINA: CHALLENGES FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERESTS
Authors:   State Scientific and Research Institute of Informatization and Economic Modeling, Ivanov Yevhen
Published: April 2021

The article looks into key challenges for Ukrainian economy caused by foreign trade intensification with China in 2020 when Ukraine’s exports to PRC increased by 98 per cent. The dynamics and main structural shifts in the UA-CN trade are analyzed. The structure of bilateral trade flows between the parties by degree of processing and value added is explored. It is revealed that Ukraine’s exports to China consists predominantly from raw materials and products of primary processing: mineral products (iron ore), cereals (maize), sunflower oil and its residues, ferrous metals, etc. The imports from China to Ukraine consists mainly from electrical machinery, mechanical appliances, articles of apparel, chemical products, iron and steel, etc. Comparative analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports to PRC and to the EU is conducted. The analysis shows that, despite dominance of traditional and low value added goods in Ukrainian overall exports, the share of sophisticated manufactured goods in exports to the EU is much larger than in exports to China. It is substantiated that trade with China largely determines the raw material orientation of Ukraine's international specialization, while exports to developed countries are characterized by a relatively higher share of intermediate and consumer goods. To increase the efficiency of Ukraine’s foreign trade, it is considered that the best option is to focus on reducing dependence on imports from China by developing domestic production of appropriate consumer goods and increasing export flows to developed countries. The expediency of Ukraine's refusal to participate in the New Silk Road project is argued in favor of using the benefits of nearshoring strategy, which opens the opportunity to replace Chinese consumer goods in the EU market with Ukrainian ones under the EU-UA association agreement. The article briefly surveys some cases of successful implementation of this strategy by Ukrainian business, in particular the launch of exports of household appliances (electro-thermic coffee and tea makers, electric razors, washing machines, electric heaters) to the EU.
OPTIMIZATION OF MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCE SUPPORT OF THE ENTERPRISE THROUGH IMPLEMENTATION OF ERP-SYSTEM
Authors:   Lutsk National Technical University, Smolych Dariia
Published: April 2021

The article examines the theoretical and applied aspects of optimizing the management of enterprise resources by implementing an ERP-system, which within one computer program, with free access to all departments of the enterprise, allows rapid exchange of information and simplifies management processes. The following methods were used in the study: comparative and critical analysis, synthesis, generalization. The essence of ERP-system and standard modules that automate the system of collection, storage and use of information in the enterprise are considered. The article presents the comparative characteristics of ERP-systems and the estimated cost of software alternatives, in particular: BAS ERP, Perfectum CRM + ERP, ERP-system IT-Enterprise, Tend ERP. In addition, the article proves that minimizing the risks and getting the most out of implementing an ERP system is possible through a carefully planned phased project. The main stages of ERP-system implementation are thoroughly researched: organizational stage, which envisages creation of a group of line employees and managers from each department of the enterprise, in order to develop an ERP-system implementation plan; the stage of enterprise survey and ERP system design, which allows to develop individual system functionalities for a specific business entity; determining the effect of the implementation of the ERP system, in which the working group determines what is planned to be achieved after the implementation of the system; commissioning of the system, which is preceded by appropriate user training, as well as the development of instructions for working in the system; evaluation of effective implementation of ERP-system. The study found that after a calendar year of active use of the ERP-system, the company's management can really assess the effect of using this software. The article proves that ERP systems in the enterprise allows to automate the process of resource management, allows to identify gaps in management and helps to balance the use of all available resources, which is practically valuable in today's business environment.
ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL PROVISION OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Babenko Lyudmila , Vasilyeva Valentina ,   University of Customs and Finance, Коnovalova Еlena ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: April 2021

In the course of research it has been stated that the category of «inventories» is not only the object of accounting, but also the object of management, so the identification of inventories in the assets upon receipt at the enterprise is the initial stage of the accounting process. The process of material and technical base management begins at the stage of searching for suppliers, delivery conditions, formation of the logistics component, determination of transport and procurement costs. There is no doubt that the additional costs associated with these processes will affect the formation of the value of purchased inventories. Therefore, the authors emphasize that the methods of estimating inventories at their receipt and disposal play an important role in accounting, as they affect the formation of the cost of finished goods produced from inventories, and hence the overall financial performance of the enterprise. It should also be taken into account that in accordance with the norms of UAS 9, only the amounts of transportation and procurement costs related to the acquisition (receipt) of inventories are subject to inclusion in the initial cost. In practice, the increase in the value of inventories often includes costs incurred in connection with the internal transportation of inventories on the territory of the enterprise or between its structural units; costs arising from the return of inventories to the supplier; costs for loading, transportation, transshipment and insurance of inventories, finished products (goods), freight forwarding and other services related to the sale of products (goods). Such costs do not affect the formation of the initial cost of inventories. Therefore, the authors highlighted the need for a clear delineation of these costs at specific enterprises with the reflection of provisions in the Order (Regulation) on accounting policies. Most scientists discuss the feasibility of search for a method of cost allocation during transportation, because during this process there can be losses of inventories both within the established norms of natural loss, excessive losses and shortages, as well as spoiled inventories found during asset recognition. The authors gave their own view on the possibility of solving this problem. The solving approach has been presented as well as the peculiarities of the reflection of the distributed transport and procurement costs in the system of accounting have been considered. The situation when the company transport both purchased inventories and those, sold to customers, with its own transport has been considered. In such cases, the authors suggest a method of allocating transportation costs with subsequent allocation to transport and procurement costs, which increase the cost of purchased inventories and distribution costs.
ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT OF BUSINESS TRIPS WITHIN UKRAINE AND ABROAD AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   University of Customs and Finance, Vasilyeva Valentina , Lavreniuk Yulia ,   University of Customs and Finance
Published: April 2021

The article explores theoretical aspects and concepts of business trips. On the basis of the conducted review of scientific papers of researchers and scientists, legislative sources and regulatory framework for regulating the accounting of settlements with accountable persons during an official business trip, the importance and impact on the economic activity of the enterprise of these transactions on both the part of accounting and tax accounting is determined. The issues of settlement discipline with accountable persons on the basis of the current regulatory and legal legislation, namely the Tax Code of Ukraine, are highlighted. The legal issues of reimbursement of expenses incurred by the employee when purchasing goods for the enterprise and other issues of legality of using their own cash by the employees of the enterprise to solve production and economic issues of the enterprise have been disclosed. The article states that employees have the right to reimburse expenses and receive other compensations in connection with business trips in compliance with all the conditions of the law. It is considered that there are some significant errors in settlements with accountable persons formed in the accounting for the not correct execution of primary documents provided together with the report on the use of the issued accounting amounts, and carry confirmation of the costs incurred with the amounts specified in them. If the head of the enterprise confirmed the expediency and validity of the expenses made by the employee and approved the "Report on the use of funds provided for a business trip or under the report", the accounting service reflects in the accounting obligations to the accountable person recognized by the enterprise. The article defines the problems of auditing settlements with accountable persons and highlights the main points of the audit of settlements with accountable persons. It was established that in order to avoid penalties and prevent errors in the organization of accounting for business trips, it is advisable to comply with all norms of the legislation, because violations are detected during the audit.
THE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE MANAGEMENT: CURRENT SITUATION, PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS, INFORMATION SUPPORT
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kononenko Lesya , Sysolina Nataliia ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Yurchenko Oksana ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: April 2021

The article examines the current state of receivables management, identifies the main problems and suggests ways to overcome them, including accounting. The research methodology is based on general scientific methods of cognition: historical, logical, systemic, induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis; methods of statistical data processing, classification, grouping. Emphasis is placed on the growth of receivables and its consistently high share in the current assets of domestic enterprises over the past three years, which necessitates the development of measures to optimize its management. Modern software, including the subsystem "Accounting" "1C: Enterprise 8" does not contain a separate complex for accounting for receivables and the provision for doubtful debts. This determines the expediency of accrual of the provision for doubtful debts in the subsystem "Accounting" in the document "Debt Adjustment", which is designed to adjust the debt of mutual settlements with counterparties and is responsible for the function of debt write-off. It is proved that the process of receivables management in the conditions of digitalization can be optimized by integrating communication and network technologies. Integration processes provide the formation of a common information environment at the micro and macro levels with access to internal and external users of accounting information. It is advisable to integrate the function of information exchange with a single database of counterparties in modern software products for accounting automation. This will allow you to obtain information about counterparties, the existence of contractual relations, the state of receivables and the procedure for its repayment. The single database will provide an opportunity for information exchange between suppliers, customers, banking institutions, legal and factoring organizations, government agencies of the fiscal service and statistics. All these measures will optimize the process of managing receivables in terms of the use of information technology. The prospect of further research is to study the information support of receivables management in the application of blockchain technology.
THE ROLE OF INTERACTION BETWEEN BUSINESS AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE FORMATION OF REGIONAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
Authors:   Open International University of Human Development «Ukraine», Nesterenko Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of a sustainable model of interaction between business structures and higher education institutions for the formation of regional competitive advantages. The factors that determine the competitive quali-ty of the regional sphere of intellectual and educational services were identified and the content of the main strategies for the development of higher education in-stitutions in the conditions of regional competition was provided. The content and specific features of the competitive advantages of the region are due to the fact that the modern regional economy is represented by a complex system of territorially integrated production complexes of various industries, spheres and sectors of the economy. It is determined that the interaction of intellectual-educational and production systems as basic spheres of formation and development of competitive advantages of the region is characterized by a multiplier effect arising on the basis of cluster integration of industrial, intellectual-educational and infrastructural spheres within the given territory. The growth of the competitiveness of the regional economy is associated with the realization, first of all, of innovative competitive advantages, although the realization of traditional competitive advantages is also important. It is proved that the innovative development of the regional economy (as determined by competitive advantage) is due to the globalization of the world economy, increased competition, reduced opportunities for extensive development and involves the formation of large universities of innovation and research type as generators of innovation in the regions. It is proved that competitive advantages are concentrated in those regions that intensify innovation in regional education, form a regional economy based on knowledge and communication technologies, accelerate the innovation cycle through the widespread dissemination and transfer of knowledge-intensive technologies and intellectual property generation. Stimulating innovative breakthrough, form of cooperation between universities and employers, creation of corporate universities: concluding an agreement on opening additional programs that reflect the direct order of the enterprise, and the university's task is to implement the order (by creating a specialized scientific infrastructure around universities.
ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ В СИСТЕМІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ
Authors: Гнатенко Валерій
Published: April 2021

Бюджетна політика є одним із вагомих інструментів державного регулювання економіки. Від ефективності бюджетного процесу, формування бюджетної політики залежить успішність реалізації регулюючої функції держави, забезпечення економічного зростання. У статті розглянуті та проаналізовані чинне законодавство та теоретичні підходи щодо тлумачення бюджетного процесу, його регулювання. Наголошено на законодавчому закріпленні терміна «бюджетний процес» і проаналізовано позиції науковців стосовно його змісту та характерних рис та стадій. Усі стадії бюджетного процесу регламентовані процесуальними нормами бюджетного права та засновуються на правових засадах, які мають гарантувати чітке пла- нування, дотримання бюджетної дисципліни і постійний контроль за виконанням усіх видів бюджетів. Виокремлено проблеми бюджетного процесу в Україні, що полягають у несвоєчасності його прийнятті, відсутності стратегії щодо планування бюджету, контролю і відповідальності за виконанням бюджету. Зазна- чено, що проблемні аспекти організації бюджетного процесу в Україні вимагають негайного вирішення на кожній його стадії, що в перспективі дасть змогу забезпечити ефективне управління державними фінансовими ресурсами, підвищити результативність, ефективність і прозорість використання бюджетних коштів, уник- нути зриву бюджетного процесу через політичні події, підвищити якість головного фінансового документа дер- жави та стане міцним підґрунтям для забезпечення соціально-економічного розвитку України.
ІСТОРИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ АУДИТУ ЯК ВИКОНАННЯ КОНТРОЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВИ
Authors: Криничко Лілія , Савіцький Владислав , Ватанов Андрій , Цепенда Володимир
Published: April 2021

У статті проаналізоване теоретичне підґрунтя наукових досліджень за економічними спеціальностями. Уточнено питання еволюції розвитку аудиту як професійної та господарської діяльності, що актуалізується сьогодні з позиції ідентифікації його властивостей, що проявлялися на відповідному етапі розвитку суспільства. Проведено аналіз сучасного етапу розвитку аудиторської діяльності у світі, що вказує на відсутність єдиних світових підходів до регулювання аудиту. Кожна країна розробляє власні підходи до інструкційного забезпечення регулювання аудиту та встановлює специфічні вимоги до діяльності аудиторської фірми. Зауважено, що основ- ною характеристикою сучасного аудиту є встановлення вимог власне до кадрового потенціалу аудиторської фірми. Виділено три основоположні етапи розвитку аудиту в контексті його теорій та завдань. Доведено, що економічні відносини, що характеризують той чи інший період суспільного розвитку, визначали основну мету аудиту й відповідні методологічні положення. Виокремлено що витоки аудиту як виду фінансового контролю сягають стародавніх часів. Перші прояви контрольної діяльності можна прослідкувати в країнах стародавньо- го світу – Індії, Єгипті, Вавилоні, Китаї. Уточнено, що історія аудиту як економічного явища сягає корінням у глибину століть. Елементи контролю застосовувалися в Стародавньому Вавилоні, де приблизно 5000 років тому використовувалися глиняні дощечки, які являли собою підтверджені аудитором звіти. Охарактеризова- но, що сучасний стан аудиту як виду незалежного фінансового контролю та як виду господарської діяльності в різних країнах світу характеризується певним станом соціально-економічних відносин. Вивчаючи сучасний стан розвитку аудиту та діяльності аудиторських фірм у країнах світу, насамперед варто наголосити на тенденції до уніфікації процесу регулювання аудиту та аудиторської діяльності.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ УПРАВЛІНСЬКОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ: ІСТОРІЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ В УМОВАХ ПЕРЕХОДУ ДО ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Пержун Володимир
Published: April 2021

Сучасний етап управління суспільством і державою складний, неоднозначний, до того ж перебуває і зна- ходиться на етапі серйозних змін українського соціуму в усіх сферах суспільного життя. Він потребує нових підходів модернізації управління, розуміння історично глибинних, найважливіших, вирішальних проблем управління та з’ясування ролі в цій стратегічній роботі управлінської культури. Шляхи розвитку й структурні зміни управління всіх рівнів торкнулися й державного управління, що поступово має трансформуватися в більш відкрите в діалозі з громадянським суспільством, має ставати публічним. Окреслені зміни й перетворення зумов- люють і сприяють процесам результативного підходу до проблем досліджень історії та сучасних напрямів фор- мування, розвитку, осмислення управлінської культури. Найбільше цей процес пов’язаний із реальним життям суспільства, держави, владних структур, інститутів громадянського суспільства, дієвої соціальної співпраці держави і громадянського суспільства тощо. Власне від названих чинників істотно залежали й залежать фор- мування складових ознак і якостей управлінської культури, її місце і роль у державному (публічному) управлінні. Усвідомлюємо, що управлінець, який починає виконувати управлінську роботу, вже має деякі сформовані якості управлінської культури. Її формування, а надалі розвиток, становлення та утвердження відбуваються в різноманітних соціокультурних обставинах, соціальному оточенні, у відносинах із колегами, керівництвом, загалом соціумом. До того ж сучасні процеси формування управлінської культури мають як організований, так і стихійний характер. А власне від цих обставин істотно залежить професійна діяльність і робота публічного управлінця. Ми розуміємо управлінську культуру як соціально-політичний та державно-управлінський феномен, навіть більше, вона в процесі свого історичного формування й розвитку структурувалася в самодостатній суспільно-державний інститут, який має вплив на управлінську політику державою, суспільством, різноманітними колективами, територіальними громадами і т. д. Таким складним питанням історії і сучасним перспективам формування та дієвості управлінської культури в публічному управлінні присвячена ця стаття.
Phenology of Four Varieties of Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Greenhouses and Hydroponics for its Commercial Production in Mexico
Authors: Orozco-Balbuena Diego Ivan , Sandoval-Villa Manuel , Rodríguez-Mendoza María  de las Nieves , Antúnez-Ocampo Oscar Martín
Published: April 2021

Objective: To measure the phenology, morphology and development of four varieties ofPhysalis peruviana L. under greenhouse and hydroponics conditions, by effect of the ionicstrength of the Steiner nutrient solution for cultivation in Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted under a completelyrandom design with factorial arrangement, the treatments evaluated resulted from thecombination of the levels of the variety factor (Colombia, Sacha, Chiclayo and Modified)with the levels of the ionic strength of the Steiner nutrient solution (50, 100 and 150%),and the experimental unit was a potted plant. For phenology each phase was recorded inthe plants, SPAD readings were taken in the vegetative stage, for diameter and heightseveral samples were taken, and pH and electrical conductivity were accomplished onstems and petioles of shoots of each treatment. An analysis of variance and thecomparison of means per Tukey (p ? 0.05) were implemented with the SAS 9.2 program.Results: The varieties under study showed differences in the time of occurrence of thephenological stages. SPAD readings, basal diameter, pH and electrical conductivity in sapwere affected by each factor except for the interaction. Meanwhile, plant height wassignificantly affected in the first 24 days after transplant (dat) by the combination of thetwo factors.
Study Limitations/Implications: The results obtained are limited to the varieties, theenvironmental conditions, and the time when the varieties were evaluated.Conclusions: The phenology of each variety was not expressed at the same time in anyconcentration, as an early variety was given to Chiclayo, Colombia and Sacha, which arevarieties that in the concentrations 50 and 150% of the nutrient solution started harvestingat 99 dat.
BREACH OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS AND DISCRETIONARY BEHAVIOUR IN NIGERIAN ACADEMICS
Authors: ‘Akinwale Akeem Ayofe , Shadare Adetunji Oluseyi , Aliyu Mustapha Olanrewaju
Published: April 2021

This study explored the breach of psychological contracts and discretionary behaviour by Nigerian academics. A survey was employed to elicit information from 378 academics that were randomly selected from 7,131 academics in federal universities in the North-Central Nigeria. The results from the hypotheses testing revealed that most of the universities in the North-Central zone did not comply with the psychological contract (as supported by the negative results from statistical estimates and Levene’s t-values). There was a positive correlation between breach of psychological contract and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) as well as positive relationship between breach of psychological contract and deviant workplace behaviour (DWB) (r=0.196; p<0.05 and r=0.126; p<0.05, respectively). The breach of psychological contract has influenced academics in different ways showing a tendency for OCB and DWB. Unfortunately, the tendency for DWB outweigh that of OCB. Therefore, academics who uphold OCB despite the perceived BPC should be encouraged to sustain their good behaviour.
Numerical Investigation on Flexural Buckling Behavior of Hot-rolled Steel Columns at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Nemer Samer , Papp Ferenc
Published: April 2021

In this paper, a numerical investigation on the global buckling capacity of the axially compressed steel columns with hot-rolled I cross-section at elevated temperatures is presented. Geometrically and materially non-linear finite element model and the ABAQUS software were used to determine the buckling resistance. The numerical ABAQUS model was validated using experimental results available in the literature, and then the validated numerical model was used to generate a database of load-carrying capacity. The parametric study covered three different cross-section classes (class 1, 2 and 3), ten different non-dimensional slenderness ̄λ = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2.0), three different temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C), and two stress-strain constitutive relations including (the nonlinear material model adopted in the European guidance for structural fire design EN1993-1-2, and a Bilinear material model), with and without residual stress. The influence of the model parameters on the load capacity of steel columns at elevated temperatures was evaluated. The results of the parametric study were compared with the results of the simplified calculation model presented in EN1993-1-2.
LAW AND STATE IN THE SYSTEM OF THE MODERN SOCIAL SCIENCES METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Раянов Фанис
Published: April 2021

In connection with the cessation of the functioning of the Marxist-Leninist, the so-called materialistic doctrine of social development, the article analyzes the methodological gap that has been discovered in the theoretical and methodological part of national legal science. The article justifies the need for a transition to a new social science theoretical and methodological approach in researches of state law phenomena.
FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF POST-PENITENTIAL ADAPTATION OF CONVICTS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Копалкина Евгения , Илтакова Наталья
Published: April 2021

The paper gives a brief overview of the main regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan - the Criminal Executive Code (2014), the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Crime Prevention” (2010), “On Probation” (2016), “On Special Social Services” ( 2008), Decrees of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the Concept of the legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2020” (2009), “On approval of the Comprehensive Strategy for the social rehabilitation of citizens released from prison and registered with probation services in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2019” (2016), Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the Approval of the Rules for Conducting Educational Work with Sentenced to Deprivation of Liberty” (2014), which disclose the rules governing the process of re-socialization and post-penitential adaptation of convicts. Based on the comparative legal method, such features of its legal regulation are distinguished, in contrast, for example, from Russia, such as the adoption of an independent document regulating the process of post-penitential adaptation of convicts of Kazakhstan, the institutionalization of additional forms and bodies in the system of the penal system of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Employment in Colonies” Internet blog, probation services, voluntary organizations of convicts), the lack of an organizational and legal basis for activities of non-governmental organizations, volunteer associations for social support of convicts in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
THE EXTENSION OF THE APPLIED DIRECTION OF IMPLEMENTING FORENSIC RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Полстовалов Олег
Published: April 2021

The relevance of the use of forensic potential in various branches of legal activity is steadily increasing. It is facilitated by the multidimensional nature of law enforcement and interconnection of its various processes, and by increasing integration at the intersectoral level based on qualitative relationships. On the basis of national theory and foreign experience the author shows the areas of possible application of the forensic approach that have not yet been fully implemented in reality, despite the current needs of law enforcement practice. At the same time, the proposed concept allows us not to intrude into the traditional ideas of the subject and object of forensics, but allows us to develop at the applied level. Over time, the empirical component will change the theory itself. The author critically analyzes both the national approach and the foreign Anglo-American tradition, offering a balanced version.
TO THE ISSUE OF SOME POWERS OF A PROSECUTOR IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Папышева Елена
Published: April 2021

This article discusses some powers of a prosecutor, his legal status in criminal procedure and administrative proceedings, the relationship between the functions of criminal prosecution and prosecutorial supervision. The author notes that at the stage of initiating a criminal case, prosecutor’s powers for criminal prosecution are exercised through supervisory activities, during which, on the facts of perpetration, he is entitled to make a reasoned decision to send the relevant materials to preliminary investigation bodies. The article analyzes prosecutor’s powers in initiating an administrative case, the legal nature of the prosecutor’s decision, which, according to the author, is not and cannot be evidence in the case (source of evidence), in contrast to the position of the courts and the prevailing judicial practice. Both processes (criminal and administrative proceedings) are based on identical principles and have similar institutions. Including for this reason, the problems of determining the status and powers of the prosecutor in exercising supervision have common roots.
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA'S NATIONAL SECURITY
Authors: Холопова Елена , Масальская Виталия
Published: April 2021

The urgent task of the Russian Federation at the present stage is to counter the growing threats of using weapons of mass destruction, including biological weapons, in accordance with the “The Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Field of Chemical and Biological Security for the Period up to 2025 and beyond”. The adopted “Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies for 2019-2027” defines the need to develop an appropriate regulatory framework for ensuring the safe use of genetic engineering methods that allow the creation of a new generation of biological weapons that can be used for various purposes, which is a hidden threat to Russia's national security.
Aim: to prove that biological weapons pose a threat to Russia's national security, so it is necessary to develop special areas of protection against their use.
Methods: the authors use the analysis of international documents, legislation of the Russian Federation, theoretical provisions on the problems of biological weapons, biotechnologies, including their generalization, comparison, critical assessments of experts.
Results: the possibilities of using various types of biological weapons against the Russian Federation created abroad on the basis of the latest achievements in the field of genomics, proteomics, genetic engineering of pathogens, ecopathogens, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry, indicate the need to develop a national targeted program to counter biological weapons in the main priority areas. Strengthening the national security of the Russian Federation is determined by the creation of the latest biotechnologies for countering biological weapons.
MODERN MOLECULAR GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES
Authors: Хусаинова Рита , Ахтямова Евгения , Минниахметов Илдар , Султанова Регина
Published: April 2021

Currently, the methods of molecular diagnostic technologies are being developed, improved and implemented in clinical practice, ensuring the progress of medicine. The strategy of the new direction - personalized medicine is diseases prevention and treatment based on the results of molecular genetic researches at the earliest stages of disease, however, the use of genetic testing raises a number of ethical, legal and social issues that require legislative regulation. Information obtained as a result of a genetic test allows us to predict future health status and assess the risks of pathological conditions, but can also be used by third parties to discriminate and infringe on human rights, as well as contain unexpected findings, affecting the family and descendants of the examined person.
Aim: analysis and synthesis of theoretical knowledge and practical experience of legal regulation of the issues of preimplantation and prenatal genetic diagnostics; the use of genomic technologies for DNA typing of hereditary diseases and current trends in the improvement of regulatory legal acts in this field of research.
Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms.
Results: the experience of legal regulation of the genetic research regime both in the countries of the world and in national legislation is studied. It is concluded that the national regulatory framework needs to improve the legal regime of DNA testing. Some ways to resolve regulatory issues of DNA testing are identified.
THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF SUBJECTS OF GENETIC INFORMATION IN THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE IN TERMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION SOCIETY
Authors: Минбалеев Алексей
Published: April 2021

An urgent task of modern state is to find an optimal balance between providing society with socially important information and protecting the confidentiality of limited access information. In regard to genetic information, it is very important today to find such a balance and to determine the mechanisms for protecting the rights of owners of such information.
Aim: to analyze the problems of protecting the rights of subjects of genetic information in the rule-of-law state in terms of the development of information society.
Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Private scientific methods are used: legal-dogmatic and the method of interpretation of legal norms.
Results: in the article, the author considers the development of the right to genetic information as a process caused by the development of ideas of the rule-of-law state. The author concludes that the protection of the right to genetic information is largely due to its legal nature. The legislation and various points of view on the nature of genetic information are analyzed. The author makes a conclusion that it is an independent type of personal data along with publicly available personal data, general personal data, special categories of personal data and biometric personal data. The extension of the personal data regime to genetic information is an important tool for protecting the rights of its owners, since it allows any subject of personal data to declare the inadmissibility of free circulation of data, and to impose a ban on its further use. The author concludes that when regulating relations in the field of genomic information as a type of personal data, the Federal law “On state genomic registration in the Russian Federation” should be considered as special in relation to the Federal law “On personal data”.
THE PROBLEMS OF DETERMINING THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE EMBRYO AND PARTHENOGENETIC STEM CELLS IN LIGHT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
Authors: Пестрикова Анастасия
Published: April 2021

At the present stage of the development of genetic engineering, the question is raised about the legal status of a human embryo in connection with the commercialization and patenting of parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells.
Aim: the article considers the main directions of developing criteria for distinguishing between cellular substances included in the definition of a human embryo, taking into account the latest achievements in the field of genetic engineering and judicial practice of the European Union.
Methods: the author uses a comparative analysis of the main scientific achievements in the field of genetic engineering and emerging international practice of legal research in this field.
Results: the author proves the importance of distinguishing between the definition of the concept of an embryo in terms of biology and genetics, and the consolidation of legal status and the need for legal protection, in order to avoid abuse of law and evasion of law in the commercial use of human stem cells and human embryos.
RACE, ETHICS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Джеллисон-Хаунканрин Джойс Анджела
Published: April 2021

There is reform and there is revolution. The fragility of Black lives in white spaces is long overdue for both reformation and revolution within the criminal justice organizational model. It is with particular urgency that current litigation within the Department of Justice be examined as it is an example of latent responses of American government to societal fracture and potential policy reform. There is no more representation of the fragility of Black lives in white spaces than American prison systems and relative to this; sentencing policies that disproportionally affect Blacks. This paper is drawn from deontological ethics, holding that human rights are a moral obligation that should not be excluded in the formation of public policy or the application of justice. It is a further suggestion that within reforms are potentials for revolutions. Salient questions proposed by this research are there accommodation for healing within structurally racist systems. Is reform enough or is there cause for revolutionary actions? The Department of Justice has launched an investigation into an alarming string of deaths within the Mississippi Department of Corrections. This paper will examine potential public policy changes that may emerge from that investigation as well as societal responses. Additionally, this paper is drawn from deontological ethics, holding that human rights are a moral obligation that should not be excluded in the formation of public policy or the application of justice.
THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MODERN LEGAL SOCIAL STUDIES AND OUR PAST NOT RETHOUGHT ERRORS
Authors: Раянов Фанис
Published: April 2021

An urgent task in the field of updating the theoretical and methodological foundations of the current post-Soviet development of science "Theory of State and Law" is searching for a methodology that would contribute to the successful development of our entire Russian society.
Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze and clarify the reasons for the national theoretical legal science departure from the natural legal foundations of its development in Soviet times.
The methods for achieving this purpose are, first, the historical and theoretical description of the generality of natural legal norms and principles origin and their objective influence on the entire legislative and law enforcement practice. For this, the techniques of a specialized social science approach are used. The comparative method is also used in the form of positive experience in conducting social science matters in a number of foreign countries.
Results: the study makes it possible to identify the ways of the influence of globalization processes on the intensification of the use of natural legal methods of development of juridical law in different, especially in developed countries of the world. The author substantiates the conclusion that Russian theoretical legal science can develop successfully if in its development it relies more fully on a specialized social science method.
RUSSIAN STATEHOOD AND DIFFICULTIES IN THE FORMATION OF THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE IN OUR COUNTRY
Authors: Шабуров Анатолий
Published: April 2021

The article reviews the problems of the formation of the rule-of-law state in our country in organic relationship with the historical characteristics of the Russian statehood. Relevant proposals are formulated that can be useful in further research into the problems of the future of the Russian state.
LEGAL TERMINOLOGY AND LEGAL CONCEPTS AS LEGAL AND TECHNICAL MEANS AS WELL SA SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL CATEGORIES
Authors: Шабуров Анатолий
Published: April 2021

Legal terms should be understood not only as a technical means, but also as the most important scientific and legal category that ensures the content of law, the development of legal science, the quality of legal acts and the effectiveness of legal regulation in general. This is due to the fact that real knowledge of legal phenomena and processes is possible only by analyzing legal concepts expressed in legal terms. The inseparable connection of legal concepts and the terms corresponding to them suggests that increasing the role of the latter is impossible without the scientific development of legal concepts.
Purpose: to show the great importance of the categories «legal (law) terminology» and «legal concept» as the most important scientific and theoretical legal terms and means of legal technology.
Methods: empirical methods of description and interpretation; special scientific formal legal method and comparative legal method.
Results: a critical analysis of the views on legal terms of famous national and foreign jurists is carried out; legal terminology is recognized as the main means of legal technology; the similarities and differences of legal terminology and its concepts are named.
GENESIS OF LEGAL INFORMATIZATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Андрияшко Марина
Published: April 2021

The announcement in 2020 of the COVID-19 pandemic raised the problems linked to the access to information and approaches to organizing informatization to an unprecedented level. In the context of full and partial quarantine measures, social distancing and other restrictive measures, subjects continue to participate in most of the usual legal relations: educational, medical, trade, services, voting, etc. Relations in the field of organizing legal informatization occupy a special place among other types of legal relations; moreover, their predetermining status is preserved when establishing legal restrictions. Considering the above, the study of the genesis of legal informatization on the example of the Republic of Belarus is of certain interest.
Purpose: to carry out a historical and chronological analysis of the legal regulation of relations in the field of the formation and development of legal informatization in the Republic of Belarus.
Methods: the author uses general scientific methods (system analysis, definitions, system-structural, functional and methods of argumentation theory) and special scientific methods (formal legal, comparative legal, comparative historical).
Results: from the point of view of the chronology of adopting of normative legal acts on the development of the information society, the study develops the periodization of the formation and development of legal informatization in the Republic of Belarus.