bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of early years’ childcare on child emotional and behavioural difficulties in lone and co-parent family situations
Authors: Zagel Hannah , Kadar-Satat Gitit , Jacobs Myrthe , Glendinning Anthony
Published: August 2024

With targeted childcare initiatives and welfare-to-work programmes policy-makers havesought to address employment activation of lonemothers and negative outcomes for children inlone parent households. The present study examines non-parental childcare use and maternalemployment among children living in lone and co-parent family situations at ages three andfour and emotional and behavioural difficulties at ages four and five. The results demonstratethat negative outcomes associated with lone motherhood are explained largely bymother’s age,education, material circumstances and area deprivation; and that maternal employment doesnot relieve lone mothers’ disadvantages in a way that alleviates the risks of difficulties to theirchildren.However, in any family constellation,mainly group-based formal pre-school childcaredoes have a positive impact on child difficulties compared to drawing on informal childcarearrangements as main provider. In addition, and specifically for the difficulties of children inlone mother family situations, any non-parental childcare – formal or informal − for at leasttwenty-five hours per week is beneficial. Study findings support policy agendas which tacklefamilies’ material hardship beyond promoting mothers’ employment, and through investmentin formal childcare provision, and also through arrangements allowing lone mothers to dividetheir weekly load of childcare with another main provider.
The Effect of Intellectual Intelligence (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) on The Performance of Regional Leaders Division II BPJS Health Commitment With Variable In Mediation
Authors: Pambudi Aditya Rioko , Hendriani Susi , Efni Yulia
Published: August 2024

This study aims to Determine and analyze the influence between Intellectual Intelligence (IQ), Emotional Intelligence (EQ), and Spiritual Intelligence (SQ) on the Performance of BPJS Health Division II Regional Leaders With Variable Commitment As Mediation. The population of this study were all leaders in BPJS Health Division II with the level of manager and assistant manager who totaled 121 people. The sample in this study were 121 people Obtained by the method of sampling census. The instrument used for the data collection is by ordinal scale model questionnaire. To test the hypothesis used descriptive analysis and PLS analysis.The results of the data analysis show that (1) Intellectual Intelligence (IQ) has a negative and significant effect on performance, (2) Commitment is not a mediation variable between intellectual intelligence (IQ) to leadership performance, (3) Emotional Intelligence (EQ ) has positive and significant (4) Commitment is the perfect mediation variable between emotional intelligence (EQ) on the performance of leadership, (5) Spiritual intelligence (SQ) has no significant negative effect on performance, (6) Commitment is the perfect mediation variable between spiritual intelligence (SQ) on leadership performance, and (7) Commitment has a negative and significant effect on performance
The Influence of Learning Motivation and Gender to Economic Learning Achievements Student Class X Madrasah Aliyah in Kampar Regency
Authors: Pramono Basuki , Syahza Almasdi , Gusnardi Gusnardi
Published: August 2024

The background of this research is the achievement of students 'economic learning which is still low and the students' economic achievement which is different in class X Madrasah AliyahNegeri Se Kampar Regency. Student learning achievement is still low by 65,4%, while female student equal to 51,9%. The still low and different learning achievement in this study is influenced by the learning motivation which is the internal factor, and the gender that is suspected of the tendency of different learning motivation and learning achievement of male and female students. This research aim to know the influence of learning motivation and gender to student achievement of class X Madrasah AliyahNegeri the Kampar regency.This research method using quantitative descriptive method. The population in this study were students of Madrasah Aliyah in Kampar regency with the number of 208 people with a total sample of 68 people with probability sampling technique with random sample sampling. Data obtained by observation and disseminate research questionnaire to the respondent. Data were analyzed by using descriptive percentage and statisticanalysis use multiple linear regression. Against the instrument tested the validity and reliability by using the alpha cronbach formula. The results showed that: 1) partially, there is a significant influence between the motivation of learning on student economic achievement with a t value of 6.443 sig. < 0.05. 2) Partially (chi square) there is no significant influence between gender on learning achievement with sig. > 0.05. the tendency of higher learning motivation of male students than female students. Similarly, the students' economic achievement tend to be higher than female students. 3) simultan, there is a significant influence of learning and gender motivation on economic learning achievement with multiple linear regression equation Y = 25,981 + 0,806X1 + -0,773X2 + ɛn. From result of F value equal to 20,821 with sig. 0,000 <0.05 means that learning and gender motivation has an influence on economic learning achievement. And a large contribution to the model by 39%. From these results can be concluded that to improve the achievement of economic learning can be done by improving students' learning motivation and not discriminate between male students or female students.
The Influence of Parents Socio-Economic Status to Learning Achievement Through Learning Motivation of High School Students In Kuantan Tengah Subdistrict
Authors: Prabandari Endang , Nas Syakdanur , Gusnardi Gusnardi
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of parents’ socio-economic status on learning achievement through learning motivation of high school student at Subdistrict Kuantan Tengah. The population in this study was all high school students majoring in Social Science with the total of 426 students. Meanwhile, the total sample of this study was 206 students. The data were collected by using questionnaires. After that, the data were analyzed by using quantitative descriptive and path analysis. The results showed that the variables of parents’ socio-economic status had a significant influcence on learning achievement (directly), and it had a significant influence learning achievement through learning motivation (not directly) of high school students at Subdistrict Kuantan Tengah.
The Effect of Shopping Lifestyle and Fashion Involvement on Purchase Decision with Impulse Buying as an Intervening Variable In E-commerce Shopee
Authors: Dewi Ayu Sari , Nursanti Aida , Marhadi Marhadi , Tarigan Mida Aprilina
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of shopping lifestyle and fashion involvement on purchasing decisions with impulse buying as an intervening variable on e-commerce shopee. This research was conducted on all consumers domiciled in Indonesia who had purchased products at Shopee e-commerce.In this study, it consists of four variables, namely one bound variable, one intervening variable, and two free variables. These variables are: Impulse Buying (Y2), Purchasing Decision (Y1), Fashion Involvement (X2), Shopping Lifestyle (X1). This study was conducted using a sample of 132 people with questionnaire crossing. The data analysis tool used for hypothesis testing is path analysis with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using the SmartPLS ver 3.0 software application. The results of this study state that: 1) shopping lifestyle has a positive and significant effect on impulse buying; 2) fashion involvement has a positive and significant effect on impulse buying; 3) Impulse buying has a positive and significant effect on the whiteness of the purchase; 4) shopping lifestyle has a positive and significant effect on purchasing options; 5) fashion involvement has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions; 6) shopping lifestyle has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions ventilated by impulse buying; 7) Fashion involvement has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions that are ventilated by impulse buying.
The Effect of Internet Banking, Size, NPL and CAR on Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Banking Efficiency in Indonesia During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Putri Riescy Nanda , Yafiz Ifa Adina
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the effect of Internet Banking, Size, NPL and CAR on profitability and efficiency of Indonesian banking as proxied by Net Interest Margin (NIM) and Operating Costs and Operating Income (BOPO) during the pandemic COVID-19 (2020-2021). This study also looks at the effect of Firm Size (Size), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Non Performing Loans (NPL) on profitability and efficiency in that period. The population is Indonesian conventional banks registered in Bank Indonesia (2020-2021), totaling 117 banks. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, 62 banks in total. The method used is multiple linear regression with dummy variables. The results showed that internet banking had a significant negative effect on NIM and internet banking had a significant positive effect on BOPO. Another variable is size has no effect on NIM and has a significant negative effect on BOPO. CAR has no effect on NIM and has a significant negative effect on BOPO. Meanwhile, NPL has a significant negative effect on NIM and a significant positive effect on BOPO. The factor that has the biggest influence on NIM is NPL. While the factors that affect BOPO more are CAR and NPL. Banks are expected to pay more attention to the level of capital adequacy, credit risk and the level of total assets to increase bank profitability and efficiency in the future in dealing with the pandemic situation.
The Effect Of Social Support, Academic Support, And Creativity On Entrepreneurship Intentions Of The Students’ Department Of Management, The University Of Riau For 2017
Authors: Hrp Reza Rizkyan , Marzolina Marzolina , Fitri Kurniawaty , Novrianti Dian Puspita
Published: August 2024

Entrepreneurial intention means someone with the intention of starting a business will have better readiness and progress in the business being run than someone without the intention of starting a business. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social support, academic support, and creativity on the entrepreneurial intentions of students in the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University. This type of research is called descriptive quantitative. The sample in this study amounted to 80 people. Data collection techniques with questionnaires The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques with the help of SPSS software version 20. The results of the tests that have been carried out show that simultaneously show that social support, academic support, and creativity have an influence on the entrepreneurial intentions of students in the Management Department, Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University. The managerial implication in this study is that parents and friends can provide social support to students. FEB UNRI can provide academic support in the form of holding entrepreneurial events such as seminars and bazaars. Students further increase creativity in entrepreneurship by finding new ideas that are suitable for business in the future.
Corporate Governance and Liquidity Risk of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Khadka Prem , Chaudhary Prashant , Nepal Prasnil , Thakur Niyasha , Pradhan Radhe Shyam
Published: August 2024

This study examines the relationship between corporate governance and liquidity risk in Nepalese commercial banks. Cash reserve ratio and credit to deposit ratio are selected as the dependent variables. Similarly, board size, independent directors, female directors, leverage ratio, audit committee and total assets are selected as the independent variables. This study is based on secondary data of 18 commercial banks with 108 observations for the study period from 2016/17 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial statistics published by Nepal Rastra bank and the annual reports of respective banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of corporate governance on the level of liquidity risk in Nepalese commercial Banks.
The study revealed that board size has a positive impact on cash reserve ratio and credit to deposit ratio. It means that increase in board size leads to increase in cash reserve ratio and credit to deposit ratio. Similarly, independent director has a positive impact on cash reserve ratio. It indicates that increase in independent director leads to increase in cash reserve ratio. Likewise, independent director has a negative impact on credit to deposit ratio. It indicates that increase in independent director leads to decrease in credit to deposit ratio. Further, female directors have a negative impact on cash reserve ratio. It shows that higher the female directors, lower would be the cash reserve ratio. In addition, female directors have a positive impact on credit to deposit ratio. It shows that higher the female directors, higher would be the credit to deposit ratio. Likewise, leverage ratio has a positive impact on cash reserve ratio. It shows that higher the leverage ratio, higher would be the cash reserve ratio. Similarly, leverage ratio has a negative impact on credit to deposit ratio. It shows that higher the leverage ratio, lower would be the credit to deposit ratio. Moreover, this study showed audit committee has a negative impact on cash reserve ratio and credit to deposit ratio. It means that increase in audit committee leads to decrease in cash reserve ratio and credit to deposit ratio. Likewise, total assets have a positive impact on cash reserve ratio. It shows that larger the total assets, higher would be the cash reserve ratio. On the other hand, total assets have a negative impact on credit to deposit ratio. It shows that larger the total assets, lower would be the credit to deposit ratio.
Impact of Corporate Governance and Timeliness of Financial Reporting on the Performance of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Pradhan Priya , Jha Puja , Sah Puja , Magar Ram Bahadur
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of corporate governance and timeliness of financial reporting on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. Return on assets and return on equity are selected as the dependent variables. Similarly, board size, leverage, audit committee size, annual general meeting delay, board meeting and independent directors are selected as the independent variables. This study is based on secondary data of 17 commercial banks with 119 observations for the study period from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial statistics published by Nepal Rastra bank and the annual reports of respective banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of corporate governance on the timeliness of financial reporting in Nepalese commercial banks.
The study revealed that board size has a negative impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in board size leads to decrease in return on assets and return on equity. Likewise, leverage ratio has a positive impact on return on equity. It shows that higher the leverage ratio, higher would be the return on equity. Similarly, leverage ratio has a negative impact on return on assets. It shows that higher the leverage ratio, lower would be the return on assets. Moreover, this study showed that audit committee has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in audit committee leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. Further, annual general meeting has a negative impact on return on equity. It shows that higher the annual general meeting, lower would be the return on equity. In addition, annual general meeting has a positive impact on return on assets. It shows that higher the annual general meeting, higher would be the return on assets. Likewise, board meetings have a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It shows that higher the board meetings, higher would be the return on assets and return on equity. Likewise, independent director has a negative impact on return on equity. It indicates that increase in independent director leads to decrease in return on equity. Similarly, independent director has a positive impact on return on assets. It indicates that increase in independent director leads to increase in return on assets.
The Consumer Preference and Buying Pattern of Medicines through E-Pharmacy During COVID-19 in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Singtan Kanchan Tamang
Published: August 2024

This study examines the consumer preference and buying pattern of medicines through e- pharmacy during COVID-19 in Kathmandu valley. Consumer buying behaviour is selected as the dependent variable. Similarly, patient safety, price, consumer loyalty, consumer satisfaction and purchase intention are selected as the independent variables. This study is based on primary data with 145 observations. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of different factors influencing e- pharmacy during COVID-19 in Kathmandu valley.
The study showed that patient safety has a positive impact on consumer buying behaviour. It means that increase in patient safety leads to increase in consumer buying behaviour. Similarly, consumer loyalty has a positive impact on consumer buying behaviour. It indicates that increase in consumer loyalty leads to increase in consumer buying behaviour. Moreover, consumer satisfaction has a positive impact on consumer buying behaviour. It means that increase in consumer satisfaction leads to increase in consumer buying behaviour. Likewise, price has a positive impact on consumer buying behaviour. It shows that increase in price leads to increase in consumer buying behaviour. Similarly, price has positive impact on consumer buying behaviour. It shows that higher the price, higher would be the consumer buying behaviour. Further, purchase intention has a positive impact on consumer buying behaviour. It shows that higher the purchase intention, higher would be the consumer buying behaviour.
Audit Committee and Tobin’s Q as a Measure of Firm Performance Among Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Yadav Ram Sagar , Silwal Raman , Kilambu Rasish , Shah Ritika Kumari , Khadka Rohit
Published: August 2024

The study examines the impact of audit committee on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. Tobin’s Q and return on assets are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are audit committee size, audit committee meeting, audit committee meeting allowance, gender diversity, board size and leverage. The study is based on secondary data of 16 commercial banks with 111 observations for the study period from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial Statistics published by Nepal Rastra Bank, reports published by Ministry of Finance and annual report of respective banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of audit committee size, audit committee meeting, audit committee meeting allowance, gender diversity, board size and leverage on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks.
The study showed that board size has a positive impact on Tobin’s Q and return on assets. It implies that increase in board size leads to increase in Tobin’s Q and return on assets in Nepalese commercial banks. Further, gender diversity in the audit committee has a negative impact on Tobin’s Q and return on assets. This indicates that higher the number of females in the audit committee, lower would be the Tobin’s Q and return on assets. Similarly, the study showed that audit committee size has a negative impact on Tobin’s Q which indicates that increase in audit committee size leads to decrease in Tobin’s Q. Whereas, audit committee size has a positive impact on return on assets. It means that increase in audit committee size leads to increase in return on assets. Moreover, leverage has a positive impact on Tobin’s Q. It shows that higher the level of leverage ratio in the banks, higher would be the Tobin’s Q. However, leverage has a negative impact on return on assets indicating higher the level of leverage ratio in the banks, lower would be the return on assets.
Influence of Western Television Programmes on Lifestyle of Youths in Nepal
Authors: Panth Keshav
Published: August 2024

This study examines influence of western television programs on lifestyle of youths in Nepal. Lifestyle is selected as the dependent variable. The independent variables are enjoyment, eating habits, smoking and alcohol consumption, informativeness and violent scenes. The primary source of data is used to assess the opinions of the respondents regarding Influence of western television programmes on lifestyle of youths in Nepal. The study is based on primary data with 121 respondents. To achieve the purpose of the study, 35 structured questionnaires were prepared. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of different factors associated with Influencing factors of western television programmes on lifestyle of youths in Nepal.
The study showed that enjoyment has a positive impact on lifestyle of Nepalese youths. It indicates that higher the enjoyment, better will be the lifestyle of Nepalese youths. The result also reveals that eating habits has a positive impact on lifestyle of Nepalese youths. It indicates that better eating habits leads to better lifestyle of Nepalese youths. Similarly, informativeness has a positive impact on lifestyle of Nepalese youths. It indicates that higher the informativeness, better will be the lifestyle of Nepalese youths. Likewise, smoking and alcohol consumption has a negative impact on lifestyle of Nepalese youths. It indicates that higher smoking and alcohol consumption leads to poor lifestyle of Nepalese youths. Further, violent scenes have a negative impact on lifestyle of Nepalese youths. It indicates that violent scenes lead to demolish in lifestyle of Nepalese youths.
Effect of Corporate Governance on Dividend Policy of Nepalese Insurance Companies
Authors: Pokhrel Sandesh , Khadka Sewak , Acharya Shrutee , Thapa Smita , Thapa Subha
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the effect of corporate governance on dividend policy of Nepalese insurance companies. Dividend payout ratio and dividend per share are the dependent variables. Similarly, board size, female directors, number of independent directors, operating expenses and total asset are selected as independent variables. The study is based on secondary data of 15 Nepalese insurance companies with 102 observations for the period from 2013/14 to 2021/22. The data were collected from the annual reports of respective insurance companies. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significant and importance of different corporate governance variables on the dividend policy of Nepalese insurance companies.
This study shows that the board size has a positive impact on dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. It indicates that increase in the number of board members leads to increase in dividend payout ratio and dividend per share in Nepalese insurance companies. Likewise, female director has a positive impact on dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. This implies that higher the number of female directors in the board of a company, higher would be the dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. Similarly, the number of independent directors has a positive impact on dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. It means that the increase in number of independent directors leads to increase in dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. Moreover, operating expenses has a positive impact on dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. This indicates that higher the operating expense ratio, higher would be the dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. In addition, total assets have a positive impact on dividend payout ratio and dividend per share. It indicates that increase in the total assets leads to increase in dividend payout ratio and dividend per share in Nepalese insurance companies.
Human Resource Management in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Joshi Nirajan
Published: August 2024

This study examines the importance of human resource management in Nepalese commercial banks. Employee productivity is selected as the dependent variable. The independent variables are recruitment and selection, employee participation in decision making, performance appraisal, training and development, salary/compensation and promotion. The primary source of data is used to assess the opinions of the respondents regarding recruitment and selection, employee participation in decision making, performance appraisal, training and development, salary/compensation and promotion in Nepalese commercial banks. The study is based on primary data with 121 respondents. To achieve the purpose of the study, structured questionnaire is prepared. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of different factors associated with human resource management in Nepalese commercial banks.
The study showed that recruitment and selection have a positive impact on employee productivity in context of Nepalese commercial banks. It indicates that better and unbiased recruitment process leads to increase in employee productivity. Similarly, employee participation in decision making has a positive impact on employee productivity. It implies that the employee participation in decision making leads to increase in employee productivity. Similarly, performance appraisal has a positive impact on employee productivity. It means that better the appraisal of performance of employee, higher would be the employee productivity. The study also showed that training and development has a positive impact on individual’s choice. It indicates that proper trainings and development programs helps in stimulating the employee productivity. Likewise, salary/compensation has a positive impact on employee productivity. It indicates that good salary motivates employees to be more productive. Furthermore, promotion has a positive impact on employee productivity. It indicates that promotion plays an important role in stimulating the productivity of an employee.
Impact of Financial Development on Economic Growth of Nepal
Authors: Karki Samiksha , Pradhan R. S.
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of financial development on economic growth of Nepal. The dependent variables are real gross domestic product and per capita income. The independent variables are money supply, stock market capitalization, private sector credit, financial access and net foreign direct investment inflows. The study is based on time series data for the period by Ministry of Finance and Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of financial development on economic growth in Nepal.
The study showed that stock market capitalization has a positive impact on real gross domestic product and per capita income. It indicates that higher the stock market capitalization, higher would be the real gross domestic product and per capita income. Similarly, there is a positive impact of private sector credit to GDP on real gross domestic product and per capita income. It indicates that increase in private sector credit leads to increase in real gross domestic product and per capita income. In addition, broad money supply has a positive impact on real gross domestic product and per capita income indicating that higher the broad money supply, higher would be the real gross domestic product and per capita income. Similarly, financial access has a positive impact on real gross domestic product and per capita income. It indicates that increase in financial access leads to increase in real gross domestic product and per capita income. Likewise, net foreign direct investment inflow has a positive impact on real gross domestic product and per capita income. It indicates that increase in net foreign direct investment inflow leads to increase in real gross domestic product and per capita income of Nepal.
Determinants of Capital Structure: A Case of Nepalese Non-Financial Firms
Authors: Kandel Amrit , Karki Aashiyana , KC Astha , Dahal Ayush
Published: August 2024

This study examines the determinants of capital structure in the context of Nepalese non-financial firms. Short term debt ratio and long term debt ratio are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are assets tangibility, liquidity, non-debt tax shields, firm size, profitability, Tobin’s q and firm’s age. The study is based on secondary data with 105 observations from 7 hydro power firms, 3 hotel industries and 4 manufacturing firms listed in Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE). The data were collected from annual reports of the selected non-financial firms. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of determinants of capital structure in the context of Nepalese non-financial firms.
The study showed that assets tangibility has a positive impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that higher the assets tangibility, higher would be the long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. Similarly, liquidity has a positive impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that increase in liquidity leads to increase in long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. Likewise, non-debt tax shields has a positive impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that increase in non-debt tax shields leads to increase in long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. Further, firm size has a positive impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that increase in firm size leads to increase in long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. In addition, profitability has a positive impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that increase in profitability leads to increase in long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. Likewise, Tobin’s q has a positive impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that higher the Tobin’s q, higher would be the long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. Moreover, firm’s age has a negative impact on long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio. It indicates that higher the firm’s age, higher would be the long-term debt ratio and short-term debt ratio.
Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement: A Case of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Thapa Sudip
Published: August 2024

This study examines the physical fitness and academic achievement: A case of Kathmandu Valley. The dependent variable is academic achievement. The selected independent variables are aerobic fitness level, sedentary behavior, nutrition, sleep patterns and sports participation. The primary source of data is used to assess the opinions of respondents regarding aerobic fitness level, sedentary behavior, nutrition, sleep patterns, and sports participation. The study is based on primary data of 110 respondents. To achieve the purpose of the study, structured questionnaire is prepared. The correlation and multiple regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of physical fitness and academic achievement: A case of Kathmandu Valley.
The study showed a positive impact of aerobic fitness level on academic achievement. It indicates that increase in aerobic fitness level of student leads to increase in academic achievement. Similarly, the study showed a negative impact of sedentary behavior on academic achievement. It indicates that higher the sedentary behavior, lower would be the academic achievement. Likewise, the study also showed a positive impact of nutrition on academic achievement. It indicates that proper balance diet leads to increase in academic achievement. Further, the study observed a positive impact of sleep patterns on academic achievement. It indicates that consistent sleep schedule leads to increase in academic achievement. In addition, the study observed a positive impact of sports participation on academic achievement. It implies that focusing on physical fitness increase in academic achievement.
Impact of Firm Size and Capital Structure on the Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Dahal Joshila , Joshi Kalpana Kumari , Shakya Leesa , Joshi Mahesh
Published: August 2024

The study examines the impact of firm size and capital structure on the profitability of Nepalese commercial banks. Return on equity and return on assets are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are debt to equity ratio, debt to assets ratio, capital adequacy ratio, loan to deposits ratio, assets tangibility and firm size. The study is based on secondary data of 13 commercial banks with 104 observations for the period from 2014/15 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial Statistics published by Nepal Rastra Bank, publications and websites of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and annual reports of the selected commercial banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of firm size and capital structure on the profitability of Nepalese commercial banks.
The study showed that capital adequacy ratio has a positive impact on return on assets. It means that increase in capital adequacy ratio leads to increase in return on assets. Likewise, debt to equity ratio has a negative impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in debt-to-equity ratio leads to decrease in return on assets and return on equity. Further, this study showed that assets tangibility has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in assets tangibility leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. Moreover, firm size has a positive impact on return on equity. It indicates that increase in firm size leads to increase in return on equity. Similarly, debt to assets ratio has a positive impact on return on equity. It means that increase in debt to assets ratio leads to increase in return on equity.
Consequences of Outsourcing Strategies on Employee Quality of Work Life, Attitudes and Performance in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Thakur Sujit Kumar
Published: August 2024

This study examines the consequences of outsourcing strategies on employee quality of work life, attitudes and performance in Nepalese commercial banks. The dependent variable is organizational performance. The selected independent variables are employee satisfaction, employee commitment, cost-efficiency, quality control, training and development and leadership behaviour. The primary source of data is used to assess the opinions of the respondents regarding employee satisfaction, employee commitment, cost-efficiency, quality control, training and development and leadership behaviour. The study is based on primary data of commercial banks with 120 respondents. To achieve the purpose of the study, structured questionnaire is prepared. The regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of consequences of outsourcing strategies on employee quality of work life, attitudes and performance in Nepalese commercial banks.
The result shows that employee satisfaction is positively correlated to organizational performance. It indicates that higher the employee satisfaction, higher would be the organizational performance. Likewise, the result shows that employee commitment is positively correlated with organizational performance. It indicates that higher the employee commitment, higher would be the organizational performance. The result also reveals that cost-efficiency is positively correlated with organizational performance. It indicates that increase in cost-efficiency leads to increase in organizational performance. Similarly, training and development is positively correlated with organizational performance. It indicates that providing proper training and development to employees leads to increase in organizational performance. Likewise, quality control is positively correlated to organizational performance. It indicates that better the quality control of products, higher would be the organizational performance.
Impact of Corporate Governance on Social Responsibility: A Case of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Khatri Guarav Jung , Giri Jamuna , Bhatta Kabita , Rawal Kabita , Rawat Ramesh
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of corporate governance on social responsibility in the context of Nepalese commercial banks. Legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are board size, independent directors, audit committee size, female directors, foreign ownership, and government ownership. The study is based on secondary data of 15 commercial banks with 105 observations for the period from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial Statistics published by Nepal Rastra Bank and annual reports of the selected commercial banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of corporate governance on social responsibility in the context of Nepalese commercial banks.
The study showed that board size has a positive impact on legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. It indicates that larger the board size, higher would be the legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. Similarly, independent directors has a positive impact on legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. It indicates that increase in independent directors on the board leads to increase in legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. Likewise, audit committee size has a positive impact on legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. It indicates that increase in audit committee size leads to increase in legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. Further, female directors has a positive impact on legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. It indicates that increase in female directors leads to increase in legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. In addition, foreign ownership has a negative impact on legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. It indicates that higher the foreign ownership, lower would be the legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. Likewise, government ownership has a positive impact on legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility. It indicates that higher the government ownership, higher would be the legal corporate social responsibility and philanthropic corporate social responsibility.
Impact of Operating Efficiency on Profitability of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Khatiwada Megha , Bhatta Monika , Shah Murli Manohar , Bogati Niraj , Sapkota Pradhoon , Pradhan Sumit
Published: August 2024

The study examines the effect of operating efficiency on the profitability of Nepalese commercial banks. Return on assets and return on equity are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are capital adequacy ratio, operating expenses, net interest income, leverage, loan to deposit ratio and bank size. The study is based on secondary data of 16 commercial banks with 112 observations for the period from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial Statistics published by Nepal Rastra Bank, publications and websites of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and annual reports of the selected commercial banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of operating efficiency on the profitability of Nepalese commercial banks.
The study showed that capital adequacy ratio has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in capital adequacy ratio leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. Similarly, operating expenses has a negative impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in operating expenses leads to decrease in return on assets and return on equity. Further, the study showed that net interest income has a positive impact on return on assets and return on equity. It means that increase in net interest income leads to increase in return on assets and return on equity. Likewise, leverage has a negative impact on return on assets. It means that increase in leverage ratio leads to decrease in return on asset. Furthermore, loan to deposit ratio has a negative impact on return on asset and return on equity. It indicates that increase in loan to deposit ratio leads to decrease in return on asset and return on equity. In addition, bank size has a negative impact on return on assets and return on equity. It shows that larger the bank size, lower would be the return on assets and return on equity.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Attributes on Risk Management Practices of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Dhital Aagya , Phuldel Anil , Bishwas Anju , Timalsina Bibek , Shrestha Darbin , Pangeni Dikshu , Pradhan Radhe Shyam
Published: August 2024

The study examines the effect of corporate governance attributes on risk management practices of Nepalese commercial banks. Non-performing loan and operational risk are selected as the dependent variables. The selected independent variables are board size, board diversity, audit committee, risk management committee, board meetings, and leverage. The study is based on secondary data of 15 commercial banks with 105 observations for the period from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The data were collected from Banking and Financial Statistics published by Nepal Rastra Bank, publications and websites of Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB) and annual reports of the selected commercial banks. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of corporate governance on the risk management practices of Nepalese commercial banks.
The study showed that risk management committee has a negative impact on non-performing loan and operational risk. It implies that increase in number of directors in risk management committee leads to decrease in non-performing loan and operational risk. Similarly, audit committee size has a negative impact on non-performing loan and operational risk. It implies that increase in audit committee size leads to decrease in non-performing loan and operational risk. However, leverage ratio has a positive impact on operational risk. It means that increase in leverage ratio leads to increase in operational risk. Similarly, board meeting has a positive impact on non-performing loan and operational risk. It shows that increase in board meeting leads to increase in non-performing loan and operational risk. Similarly, board diversity has a positive impact on non-performing loan and operational risk. It implies that increase in female board directors leads to increase in non-performing loan and operational risk.
Emerging Challenges of HRM in 21st Century: A Case of Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Gautam Pratham , Saud Santosh
Published: August 2024

This study examines the emerging challenges of HRM in 21st century in Nepalese commercial banks. Effective HRM practices is the dependent variable. The independent variables are workforce environment, business ethics, work-life balance, conflict management and organizational culture. The primary source of data is used to assess the opinions of respondents regarding effective HRM practices in Nepalese commercial banks. The study is based on primary data with 121 respondents. To achieve the purpose of the study, structured questionnaire is prepared. The correlation and multiple regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of effective HRM practices in Nepalese commercial banks.
The study shows that workforce environment has a positive impact on effective HRM practices. It indicates that better workforce environment promotes effective HRM practices. Likewise, the study showed that business ethics has a positive impact on effective HRM practices. It means that good business ethics leads to the effective HRM practices. Similarly, work-life balance has a positive impact on effective HRM practices. It implies that proper work-life balance helps to promote effective HRM practices. Further, conflict management has a positive impact on effective HRM practices indicating that better conflict management process leads towards effective HRM practices. Moreover, organizational culture has a positive impact on effective HRM practices. It shows that better organizational culture leads towards the effective HRM practices in the context of Nepalese commercial banks.
Impact of the Internet on Nepalese Business Environment
Authors: Alam Parwez
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of the internet on Nepalese business environment. Business performance is the dependent variable. The selected independent variables are privacy, responsiveness, decision quality, reliability and efficiency. The primary source of data is used to assess the opinions of the respondents regarding the impact of the internet on business performance. The study is based on primary data with 122 respondents. To achieve the purpose of the study, structured questionnaire is prepared. The correlation coefficients and regression models are estimated to test the significance and importance of internet on business performance in the context of Nepal.
The study showed that privacy has a positive impact on business performance indicating that use of secure networks enhance performance of business enterprises. Likewise, reliability has a positive impact on business performance. This implies that higher the level of reliability internet offers, higher would be the performance of business enterprises. Similarly, responsiveness has a positive impact on business performance. It indicates that the responsiveness provided by the internet leads to better business performance. Moreover, efficiency has a positive impact on business performance indicating that higher the level of efficiency of the internet, higher would be the business performance. Likewise, decision quality has a positive impact on business performance which indicates that better decision quality leads to better business performance.