bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public organizations in prerevolutionary Russia: classification issues
Authors: Kotlyar Nadezhda Vasil'evna
Published: July 2021

The goal of this research is to trace the evolution of views on public organizations (societies) of prerevolutionary Russia, determine the criteria for their classification based on various approaches, views and requirements of the time. The subject of this research is the classifications (typologies) of prerevolutionary societies that formed under the influence of sociopolitical realities, as well as their basic principles. The relevance of this topic is defined by the need to clarify the place and role of legal public initiative in the implementation of the demands of modern society through the prism of classification of public organizations. The research methodology leans on the synthesis of civilizational and formational approaches: public organizations of pre-evolutionary Russia are understood as a phenomenon of bourgeois society, subordinated to the interests of the ruling class, and at the same time, as the institution of modernizing society and nascent civil society. Systematic approach substantiates the polar conclusions of different epoch, and views the creation and activity of such societies as a gradual development of public initiative. Inductive method of transitioning from systematization to rather general representations allows determining the classification criteria for such organizations due to the specific role assigned to them at different stages of individual initiative in the Russian historiography. The novelty of this article consists in establishing correlation between the sociopolitical processes of prerevolutionary period of the Russian history and the classification criteria for public organizations adopted in the academic community. The author outlines the stages and principles of formation of the typologies of public organizations at different chronological segments of the late XIX – early XXI centuries. The article offers classification of prerevolutionary societies based on combination of the two categories: the “sphere” of public life and the “purpose” of activity of the organization.
Documents on the history of the Indian National Congress from the archive of viceroy of India Minto
Authors: Nikitin Dmitrii
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the documents from the archive of the viceroy of India Minto, which contain the records about the Indian National Congress. The author examines the history of studying the archive of Minto in foreign scientific literature. Special attention is given to correspondence of Minto with the Secretary of State for India Lord John Morley and their deputies that covers the period from the first Partition of Bengal (1905), split in the Indian National Congress (1907), and draft of the Morley-Minto reform, which involved the members of the Indian National Congress. The article also discusses the activity of the Indian Parliamentary Committee in the British House of Commons, and the response of the colonial authorities to hire pro-Indian parliamentarians in London. The conclusion is made that the documents on the history of the Indian National Congress from Minto’s archive reveal the peculiarities of interaction between the British colonial administration and the national elites, which was aimed at preserving the loyalty of the most moderate representatives of the Indian National Congress, as well as at weakening the national liberation movement that manifested in countering by the colonial administration the significant extension of rights of the Indian nationals and implementation of “separate electorates: within the framework of the Morley-Minto reform.  The documents from Minto’s archive reflect the perspective of the colonial administration on the path of further development of India within the empire by preserving British power.
The models of German political space in France’s foreign policy of the XIX century
Authors: Morzheedov Vladislav Gennad'evich
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the relations between Napoleonic France and German states in the early XIX century. The object of this research is the various models of the development of German political space during the Napoleonic Wars. Analysis is conducted on the role of France in transformations that influences the Holy Roman Empire, as well as in the process of creating Confederation of the Rhine. Under the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte, France pursues active foreign policy, competing for hegemony in Europe. The article considers positive and negative consequences of transformations that took place in the German political space, the importance of political modernization for the Confederation of the Rhine member-states, as well as the corresponding territorial and institutional changes. The novelty of this work lies in the original approach towards the problem. An attempt is made to reconsider the known events of the early XIX century from the perspective of evolution of the models of German political space. The research employs chronological, historical-comparative, and historical-systematic methods. It is claimed that without analyzing the impact of foreign policy of Napoleonic France upon the German states, it is impossible to fully understand the trends of further development of Germany, goals and ways of reaching national unity, and peculiarities of Franco-German relations in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The main conclusion lies in recognition of the contradictory nature of transformations that took place in the German states, assessment of the ambiguous role of Napoleonic France in the German integration process, and importance of studying this topic for outlining further historical path of development of the German states towards political unity.
Socrates and Lao Tzu: philosophy and “Sophiphilia”
Authors: Lyubokhonskaya Oksana Valer'evna
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the problem of the lost meaning of the philosophy, which emerged as a result of its “technematization” in modern world. The question of “What is philosophy?” is being raised again. The author refers to the two key representatives of philosophical thought of the ancient West and East: Socrates and Lao Tzu, using the comparative approach and considering the category of Tao in the contrast to the main categories of ancient Greek philosophy: being, truth, logos, and action. Reconstruction of the teachings of Socrates and Lao Tzu contributes to the disclosure of philosophy through the four crucial aspects: ontological, gnoseological, anthropological, and ethical. The explanation of these aspects or dimensions of the philosophy gives the key to its initial meaning. The author concludes on the borderline and specificity between “wisdom” and “discretion”, where the latter is the primary foundation of the existence of philosophy. The philosophy itself is viewed as a being and process of cognition, directed not only to the outwards, which is characteristic to the Western European tradition overall, but also to within, which is typical to the Eastern thought. The disclosure of the structure of philosophy indicated the need for coming back to its basic meaning through the ethical dominant, which was initially embedded in the concepts of “wisdom” and “love”. The author introduces a peculiar term of “Sophiphilia”, which corresponds to the level of “discretion” as a pre-philosophical field of existence.
Philosophical models of cosmos of Pythagoras and Philolaus: from Antiquity until the beginning of Modern Age
Authors: Kuzmin Andrei Valentinovich
Published: July 2021

This article determines the fundamental principles of the models of the Cosmos of Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 – 500 BC) and Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – c. 388 BC). The perception of Cosmos as “beauty” and “harmony” – one of the basic characteristics of Pythagorean approach towards cognition of the world; it “interweaves” with the rational perception of reality. The harmony of beauty is transformed into the harmony of numerical relations. The achievements of Pythagoreans, subsequently become one of the foundations of Plato's astronomical texts, who describes cosmology as exact scientific discipline. Nicolaus Copernicus resorts to Philolaus as his major predecessor. This article is first to analyze the symbolic elements of Philolaus’ model of Cosmos from the perspective of modern scientific knowledge. Based on the conducted analysis, the author advances a hypothesis on the noematic nature of the elements of Philolaus’ model of Cosmos, as well as indicates the significance of transposing the methods of practical geometry onto the theoretical fields of “celestial” space, independent from the direct measurements. The article describes the key principles of the model of the universe of Pythagoras of Samos and Philolaus of Croton; discusses reconstruction of Philolaus’ model of Cosmos by Ivan Nikolaevich Veselovsky and Sergey Viktorovich Zhitomirsky. Analysis is conducted on the continuity of the principles of the models of Cosmos of Philolaus and Nicolaus Copernicus.
Boots and spurs: symbolic items of Russian cavalry in the reminiscences of Russian cavalrymen
Authors: Shapiro Bella
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is the artifacts of material culture of Russian cavalry as a specific form with the capacity of symbolic and semantic content. The goal of this work lies in comprehensive examination of the process of symbolization of certain forms of material culture of Russian cavalry. The research employs archaeological material, historical journalism, memoir literature, including the works of the representatives of white émigré, such as Russian military-historical magazine “Le passé militaire” (Paris, 1952-1974) and literary-publicistic “The New Journal”. For obvious reasons, emphasis is placed on the symbolism and semantic aspect of the problem, despite a fair share of nostalgization and mythologization of historical reality. Most common principles ofresearch methodology are based on the culturological concepts of the representatives of Moscow-Tartu Semiotic School of Y. M. Lotman, B. A. Uspensky (reinterpretation of the Russian cultural history in the context of binary opposition), and V. N. Toporov (reconstruction of the archetypes of Russian culture). First and foremost, it refers to the possibilities of semiotic approach towards history, the object of analysis of which is interrelated historical texts and historical contexts. Such perspective on the problem has not been previously articulated in the historical culturology and history of culture. The history of material culture of the Russian cavalryman is described from the standpoint of culturological methodology of cognition for the first time. The conclusion is made that the process of poetization, mythologization, and symbolization of items of the Russian cavalry received demand in the extreme conditions of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries (the last years of the empire). The acquired results can be applied in the sphere of museology, which is focused not only in preservation of the artifact of material and intellectual culture, but also on fulfillment of their historical-cultural potential and historical uniqueness to the maximum.
Distance Teacher Training in Periods of Emergency (Covid-19 Pandemic)
Authors: Anastasiades Panagiotes , Kotsidis Konstantinos , Synnefakis Christos , Spanoudaki Alexia
Published: July 2021

The closing of schools at the beginning of spring 2020 in Greece highlighted the need for school distance education to make up for lost teaching time and to maintain learners’ contact with the educational process and other members of the school community. However, the teachers needed support in this urgent situation since they did not have previous experience in school distance education. The Laboratory for Advanced Teaching Technologies for Lifelong Learning and Distance Education (E-Learning Lab) of the University of Crete, attempted to contribute with its own means to the support of these teachers. Within this framework, fast-pace, distance seminars were designed and implemented to support teachers on pedagogical issues of distance education. A total of 20 distance training seminars were conducted from 19March to 29April2020 in which more than 40000 teachers of primary and secondary education in Greece participated. The overall presentation and assessment of the training actions showed not only the enormous interest of the teaching community but also the need for such training actions with particular emphasis on the principles and the methodology of school distance education, synchronous and asynchronous learning environments, and the designing or planning of teaching scenarios based on the pedagogical approaches compatible with distance learning.
Tips for managing post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of acne
Authors: Garg Suruchi , Tuknayat Ankita
Published: July 2021

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a reactive hypermelanosis, profoundly common in the Asian skin. The post-acne sequelae may have profound effects on the patients’ mental status, sometimes even more than the acne itself, as they are long lasting and sometimes treatment refractory. PIH occurs secondary to release of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and interleukins in acne which stimulate melanogenesis. There are a multitude of therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of PIH associated with acne. Treating acne and PIH simultaneously would be a logical approach. Epidermal PIH usually responds to topical skin lightening agents which are the first line in these cases. Patients refractory to topical and oral treatment modalities usually have dermal PIH and may be offered interventional therapies. These therapies can be utilized simultaneously along with conventional therapies to hasten up the results, as combination treatment works synergistically by multipronged action at different pathways of etiopathogenesis. The patients with dermal PIH refractory to standard treatment may require other adjunctive therapies such as chemical peels, PRP, and lasers. This review provides an insight into rational and holistic approach to the management of the underlying acne, early customized treatment along with correction of underlying nutritional deficiencies, and lifestyle modifications in effective treatment of PIH.
Impact of Stripe Rust Resistance Alleles on Wheat Grain Yield Using Landraces and Improved Accessions
Authors:   Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture,Damanhur University, Damanhur, Egypt, IS ElBasyoni
Published: July 2021

Stripe rust is one of the most devastating biotic stresses to cause grain yield losses in wheat. In the current study, 227 imported accessions, and six widely grown modern cultivars (Sids14, Sids12, Misr1, Misr2, Giza171, and Gimmiza9), were used. All plant materials were planted in the field and evaluated for stripe rust resistance and grain yield. Five Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers Xpsp3000, Xbarc8, Xgwm419, Xwmc44, and Xbarc32, respectively, are associated with five essential stripe rust resistance genes Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, Yr29, and Yr59, were also used. The results indicated a highly positive and significant correlation between grain yield and stripe rust resistance. Furthermore, as the number of stripe rust resistance alleles increased, both grain yield and stripe rust resistance increased. Out of the 233 accessions used, 11 accessions were found to contain the five resistance genes. The identified resistant accessions could be used as a gene source to enhance stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding programs. SSR markers used in the current study effectively capture a substantial part of the phenotypic variation caused by stripe rust. Thus, these five markers could be used effectively in marker-assisted selection for stripe rust resistance.
Nitric Oxide Increases Mitomycin-C Cytotoxicity by Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Induces Cell Death by Apoptosis in FancC-/- Cells
Authors: P Biswas , B Patra , RS Verma
Published: July 2021

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder and patients of FA exhibit progressive bone marrow failure, developmental defects and cancer predisposition. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress and higher levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) has been well documented in FA. Increase in the levels of Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) activity is often correlated with OS- related disorders which have altered mitochondrial function. Biological effects of Nitric Oxide (NO) and nitrosative stress depend on the cell type, concentration of NO, the time of incubation and cellular homeostasis. NO is known to have both prooncogenic as well as tumour -suppressing effects which are a result of regulation of S- nitrosylation, genome wide epigenetic changes and posttranslational modification of protein. NO plays strategic roles in metabolic and signalling pathways, making NO metabolism a key mediator in pathways that are responsible for supporting tumorigenesis. NO is also known to have important regulatory roles in the process of autophagy, which is an important mediator in the cross-talk with ROS and RNS. In the present study, we examined the interaction between ROS and NO, induction of apoptosis by NO and the possible role of NO in the pathogenesis of FA. Investigating the involvement of NO and NS and their interactions with the known hallmarks of FA will give a more comprehensive understanding of pathogenesis of FA.
Clinical Review of Hereditary Angioedema: Diagnosis and Management
Authors:   Department of Primary Care Medicine, Consolidated Troop Medical Clinic, Irwin Army Community Hospital, Fort Riley, KS, M Weis
Published: July 2021

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is caused by a deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor and is characterized by sudden attacks of edema associated with discomfort and pain. The disease places patients at risk for disability and death if left untreated. Symptom severity and frequency can be extremely variable even among affected members of the same family. Attacks are not associated with inflammation or allergy, with most occurring secondary to trauma or stress. Swelling can affect any part of the body or multiple sites at once. Commonly affected areas include the extremities, genitalia, trunk, gastrointestinal tract, face, and larynx. Swelling typically worsens over 24 to 36 hours and resolves within 48 hours in less severe cases. Attacks result in 15 000 to 30 000 emergency department visits each year. Many of these emergency cases will undergo unnecessary surgeries or medical procedures due to misdiagnosis. The hallmarks of HAE recurrent episodes of swelling without urticaria, a family history of HAE, first attack in childhood, and worsening at puberty can be identified by a thorough family history, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by laboratory studies. Nevertheless, diagnosis may be delayed by 2 decades. We review available therapies and clinical characteristics that will both help clinicians diagnose HAE and distinguish among emergencies and nonemergency cases.
Respiratory Disease Screening as an Adverse Effect and Associated Factors of COVID-19 Recovered Patients from Quiha Treatment Center in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2020: A Community Based Institutional Study
Authors:   Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia, AT Gebreselassie , W Mekonen ,   Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia, B Gebrehiwot ,   Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia, G Muluye ,   Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, G Gereziher ,   Department of Reproductive Health, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
Published: July 2021

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a virus that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a new coronavirus that has spread throughout the world. COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild (or no symptoms) to severe illness. In late December 2019, investigation of a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin in Wuhan, China resulted in identification of a novel coronavirus. The virus is distinct from both Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), although closely related. Objective: To assess respiratory disease screening as an adverse effect and associated factors of COVID-19 recovered patients from a treatment center in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A community based quantitative study design was conducted among 600 samples in Mekelle town, Tigray, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Associations between dependent and independent variables were tested using logistic regression with the assumptions of p-values < 0.05 and confidence interval 95% and considered to be statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of respiratory disease after screening using CRQ was 24.3%. Variable like who read and wrote [AOR=2.859, 95% CI: 1.349-6.063, P=0.006]. COVID-19 symptoms such as those who had shortness of breathing [AOR=3.485, 95% CI: 1.776-6.838, P=0.001], sore throat [AOR=4.645, 95% CI: 2.107-10.242, P=0.001], and chest pain pressure was AOR=3.453, 95%CI: 1.484-8.037, P=0.04] were significant factor for respiratory disease. Conclusion: The study found that the prevalence of respiratory disease after screening using CRQ was 24.3%. Variables such as read and write, shortness of breathing, sore throat, and pneumonia were significant factors for respiratory disease.
Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Galstyan Gennadii M. , Maschan Alexei A. , Klebanova Elizaveta E. , Kalinina Irina I.
Published: July 2021

The review discusses approaches to treatment of congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) or Upshaw-Schulman syndrome. In congenital TTP, plasma transfusions are sufficient. Such treatment options as plasma exchange, administration of clotting factor VIII concentrate, recombinant ADAMTS13, are also used. Separately discussed issues of management of patients with TTP during pregnancy, and pediatric patients with TTP.
Thrombosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. Case report
Authors: Melikyan Anait L. , Subortseva Irina N. , Gilyazitdinova Elena A. , Koloshejnova Tamara I. , Shashkina Kristina S. , Egorova Elena K. , Kovrigina Alla M. , Sudarikov Andrei B. , Gorgidze Lana A.
Published: July 2021

Thrombotic complications are the most significant factors determining the prognosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Markers for assessing the risk of thrombosis are the number of leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, age, molecular status, history of thrombosis, obesity, arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hereditary or acquired thrombophilia. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms is complex and multifactorial. In most cases, the etiological factor remains unknown. Currently, antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy is carried out on an individual basis. The algorithm for primary and secondary (after thrombosis) prevention requires development and testing. We present a clinical case of repeated arterial and venous thrombotic complications in a patient with primary myelofibrosis.
Five year experience in ibrutinib therapy for relapsed and refractory mantle cell lymphoma in real world Russian clinical practice
Authors: Vorobyev Vladimir I. , Gemdzhian Eduard G. , Fedorova Liudmila V. , Mikhailova Natalia B. , Ilyasov Ridvan K. , Kaleikina Liliia P. , Trubyakova Olga S. , Kaplanov Kamil D. , Melnichenko Elena V. , Martynova Elena V. , Yakovleva Elena P. , Li Olga Yu. , Tarasenko Elena V. , Chumakova Elena P. , Bulieva Natalia B. , Nesterova Ekaterina S. , Margolin Oleg V. , Zherebtsova Vera A. , Butaev Lev S. , Ptushkin Vadim V.
Published: July 2021

Background. Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare and clinically aggressive lymphoma subtype. Current approaches have greatly improved patients outcomes, but relapse is inevitable. In phase IIIII clinical trials, ibrutinib has shown significant activity in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) MCL.
Aim. To assess efficacy and toxicity of ibrutinib monotherapy in patients with R/R MCL in routine practice outside of clinical trials.
Materials and methods. The study enrolled patients with confirmed R/R MCL who had received at least one line of previous chemotherapy. ECOG 24, cytopenia, infectious complications, hemorrhagic syndrome were not exclusion criteria. Patients received daily oral ibrutinib 560 mg until progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Results. From May 2015 to September 2020 ibrutinib therapy was started in 106 patients with R/R MCL in 16 regions of Russia. The median age was 66 years; ECOG2 18%, blastoid variant (or Ki6740% or WBC50109/l) 43%. The median number of previous treatment lines was 2 (111). The ORR was 78.4% (CRR 27.4%). The median PFS was 13.6 months and OS 23.2 months. In the blastoid group the median PFS was 4.4 months vs 36.5 months in the alternative group (p0.001), the median OS 9.0 vs 41.0 (p=0.001). The median OS of patients after progression on ibrutinib was 3.2 months.
The common complications are hemorrhages (63%), diarrhea (62%), myalgia and muscle cramps (60%), infections (31%), skin and nail toxicity 15%, arrhythmia 8%. None of recipients had to completely discontinue ibrutinib therapy due to complications.
Conclusion. Ibrutinib is effective and well tolerated in routine practice of R/R MCL treatment and our results are consistent with international clinical trials. The favorable toxicity profile and the high response rate made it possible to prescribe ibrutinib in severe somatic status, cytopenia, and even in the presence of infectious complications.
Extracorporeal cytokine removal in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy associated cytokine release syndrome in patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Case report
Authors: Shchekina Antonina E. , Galstyan Gennadii M. , Gavrilina Olga A. , Arapova Natalia M. , Bronyakina Svetlana Iu. , Kotova Ekaterina S. , Troitskaya Vera V. , Parovichnikova Elena N. , Maschan Mikhail A. , Savchenko Valerii G.
Published: July 2021

Сytokine release syndrome is the common complication of CAR-T therapy. We report a case of patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia developing сytokine release syndrome with shock and multiple organ failure and requiring cytokine removal and hemodiafiltration. Remission of the disease was achieved after CAR-T therapy.
Multiple primary tumor of hematopoietic tissue: myeloid sarcoma in combination with mantle cell lymphoma. Case report
Authors: Gavrilina Olga A. , Dubov Vitalii S. , Troitskaya Vera V. , Kovrigina Alla M. , Dvirnyk Valentina N. , Galtseva Irina V. , Sudarikov Andrei B. , Obukhova Tatiana N. , Parovichnikova Elena N. , Savchenko Valerii G.
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of multiple primary tumors has significantly increased last time. The question of choosing the optimal tactics of therapy today not fully resolved. Particular interest is the simultaneous detection of two neoplasms of similar origin in one study biopsy material. This publication presents a case of simultaneous diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma and mantle cell lymphoma in a 65-year-old patient, which required use of two different chemotherapy protocols. This example shows the need to use an extended diagnostic approach at all stages of the therapy, which allows choosing right tactics of therapy and achieving complete remission of two neoplasms.
Repeated haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with TCR αβ/CD19 depletion in patient with primary myelofibrosis. Case report
Authors: Kolgaeva Elmira I. , Vasilyeva Vera A. , Kuzmina Larisa A. , Drokov Mikhail Yu. , Dovydenko Mariya V. , Konova Zoya V. , Chebotarev Dmitry I. , Kovrigina Alla M. , Kamelskih Denis V. , Gaponova Tatyana V. , Sokolova Manana A. , Subortseva Irina N. , Melikyan Anait L. , Maschan Mikhail A. , Parovichnikova Elena N. , Savchenko Valerii G.
Published: July 2021

Indications of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with primary myelofibrosis are intermediate-2 and high-risk group of DIPSS (Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System), beginning of the disease in childhood. The other adverse factors affect engraftment and survival after allo-HSCT, example partialy matched donor. But the result of allo-HSCT from matched related donors and result of allo-HSCT from haploidentical donors are comparable. The method for haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is T-cell-depletion. This is clinical case of T-cell-depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patient with primary myelofibrosis, the diagnosis was established in childhood.
Feeding behavior of the great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major in the south of the european part of Russia (Stavropol region)
Authors: Резанов Александр Геннадьевич , Маловичко Любовь Васильевна , Литвинов Юрий Владимирович , Резанов Андрей Александрович
Published: July 2021

Кормовое поведение самцов и самок большого пёстрого дятла (БПД) Dendrocopus major исследовано в Ставропольском крае в период 2013-2021 гг. В целом, зарегистрировано 58 посещений дятлами 12 видов кормовых деревьев. Выявлено предпочтение БПД следующих видов деревьев: дуб (22%), граб (20%), ясень (17%). Проведено сравнение кормовых предпочтений самцов и самок БПД в различные сезоны года. В холодный период БПД предпочитали разыскивать корм на стволах и толстых ветвях деревьев, где было больше шансов обнаружить зимующих беспозвоночных. Выявлены различия в кормовых методах, используемых самцами и самками БПД.

We studied the feeding behavior of males and females of the Great Spotted Woodpecker (GSW) Dendrocopos major in the Stavropol Region over 2013-2021. In general, 58 woodpeckers’ visits to 12 forage tree species were recorded. The preference of GSW of the tree species was as following: oak (22% of visits), hornbeam (20%), ash (17%). A comparison of the feeding preferences of males and females of GSW in different seasons revealed that in the cold period the GSW preferred to search for food on the trunks and thick branches of trees, where it was more likely to find wintering invertebrates.
The relationship of homeostatic processes with productivity of bull-calves at introduction in a diet of various forms and doses of chromium
Authors: Алексеева Людмила Владимировна , Васильева Людмила Юрьевна , Миловидова Елена Дмитриевна
Published: July 2021

Исследование проводилось на бычках черно-пестрой породы, возраст которых составлял на начало опыта 6 месяцев. Продолжительность исследований составила 180 дней. По принципу групп - аналогов было сформировано 5 групп бычков. В состав рациона бычков всех групп включали препарат Гемовит+ (в состав Гемовита+ входят: железо, марганец, медь, цинк, кобальт, селен и йод с органическим лигандом - янтарной кислоты), в дозе указанной производителем (52 мл на 100 кг живой массы) и хром в разных дозах и формах, так как почва Тверской области является дефицитной по многим микроэлементам, что отражается на составе кормов.

The study was carried out on black-and-white bulls, whose age was 6 months at the beginning of the experiment. The duration of the studies was 180 days. According to the principle of groups-analogs, 5 groups of bulls were formed. The diet of bulls of all groups included the drug Hemovit + (the composition of Hemovit + includes: iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, selenium and iodine with an organic ligand - succinic acid), at a dose indicated by the manufacturer (52 ml per 100 kg of live weight). Chromium in different doses and forms was also included in the diet, since the soil of the Tver Region is deficient in many microelements
Small intestinal flora graft alters fecal flora, stool, cytokines and mood status in healthy mice
Authors: Xie Yinyin , Song Linyang , Yang Junhua , Tao Taoqi , Yu Jing , Shi Jingrong , Jin Xiaobao
Published: July 2021

Fecal microbiota transplantation is widely used. Large intestinal microbiota (LIM) is more similar to fecal microbiota than small intestinal microbiota (SIM). The SIM communities are very different from those of LIM. Therefore, SIM transplantation (SIMT) and LIM transplantation (LIMT) might exert different influences. Here, healthy adult male C57Bl/6 mice received intragastric SIMT, LIMT, or sterile PBS administration. Microbiota graft samples were collected from small/large intestine of healthy mice of the same age, sex, and strain background. Compared with PBS treatment, SIMT increased pellet number, stool wet weight, and stool water percentage; induced a fecal microbiota profile shift toward the microbial composition of the SIM graft; induced a systemic anti-inflammatory cytokines profile; and ameliorated depressive-like behaviors in recipients. LIMT, however, induced merely a slight alteration in fecal microbial composition and no significant influence on the other aspects. In sum, SIMT, rather than LIMT, affected defecation features, fecal microbial composition, cytokines profile, and depressive-like behaviors in healthy mice. This study reveals the different effects of SIMT and LIMT, providing an interesting clue for further researches involving gut microbial composition change.
Third Molar Agenesis in Post-Medieval Chichester
Authors: Caldwell Devyn
Published: July 2021

Third molar agenesis is a dental anomaly that occurs in approximately 25% of people worldwide and results in the complete absence of one or more of the third molars in the dentition. A rise in the prevalence of congenitally absent third molars has been noted in modern populations, and it has been proposed as the final evolutionary step in the dental reduction of the human dentition.  

Whilst much research has been conducted in modern cohorts, relatively little has been published on third molar agenesis in archaeological assemblages. A post-medieval assemblage from Chichester was visually and radiographically analysed to determine the prevalence of this anomaly. Third molars were measured to determine if there was an association between agenesis and size reduction. Prevalence of agenesis was found to be relatively high at 42.7% and 2 of 8 measurements were found to produce significant differences.

Consequently, it can be said that high rates of third molar agenesis are not solely a modern phenomenon, as many prevalence rates in recent populations are lower. However, if we are to assess the significance of size differences in third molars of those with agenesis and those without, and to detect patterns within and between these groups, assemblages with larger sample sizes are needed. In order to better understand the trajectory and evolution of this anomaly, more archaeological assemblages must be examined.
Patterns of Antemortem Tooth Loss in Late Prehistoric West-central Tennessee
Authors: Smith Maria Ostendorf , Betsinger Tracy
Published: July 2021

The later prehistoric subsistence-settlement pattern in the Kentucky Lake Reservoir (KLR) of northern west-central Tennessee is of interest as human occupation inexplicably terminates by AD 1450 as part of a larger regional depopulation. Antemortem tooth loss (ATL) collectively and by tooth type was identified in four site samples from the KLR. These are a Late Woodland (AD 600-900) sample (Hobbs) and three Middle Mississippian period (AD 1100- 1400) hierarchically organized and presumptively maize agriculturalist samples (Link/Slayden, Gray Farm , Thompson Village). ATL prevalence in the Hobbs sample is consistent with a native crop and seasonal foraging economy. The ATL in the Link sample is more congruent with the pre-maize Late Woodland sample than the essentially contemporaneous Gray Farm site sample. Thompson Village, a later-dated satellite community of the Gray Farm polity, exhibits significantly fewer ATL than the Gray Farm sample. This may flag climate-influenced agricultural shortfall of dietary carbohydrates later in the occupation sequence. Additionally, males in the Gray Farm site sample have significantly more ATL than males in the other two Mississippian samples. The patterns suggest regional, possibly shortfall mitigated, differences in maize intensification with a polity-specific male-focused maize consumption in the Gray Site.
The Impact of dental wear on the analysis of morphological affinities based on dental non-metric traits
Authors: Fidalgo Daniel , Wesolowski Veronica , Hubbe Mark
Published: July 2021

Dental wear is described as a limitation to dental morphological studies, as it obscures important crown trait features, resulting in significant differences on trait frequencies, an essential component for estimating biodistances. However, the actual impact of dental wear on biological distances still requires further characterization. We explore the impact of dental wear on morphological affinities for Brazilian pre-colonial series in the context of worldwide reference series. Twenty crown traits were scored using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System, and dental wear was quantified as an ordinal scale between 1 (no wear) and 8 (crown eroded). Seven crown trait frequencies are significantly associated with dental wear (p<0.05), demonstrating its impact on their analysis. To explore this impact on biodistances, data was divided by wear categories (all teeth, low-wear, moderate/severe wear) and morphological affinities among series was compared through Euclidean distances, Mean Measure of Divergence, and Principal Component Analysis. Results show the impact of wear is only meaningful when a sample contains many wear-biased traits with only moderate/severe wear. We conclude despite the impact of wear on individual trait frequencies, its impact on morphological affinities can be mitigated by including other variables or when comparisons focus only on large-scale biological differences.
Decline of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus detection in facility-based surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic, South Africa, January to October 2020
Authors: Tempia Stefano , Walaza Sibongile , Bhiman Jinal N , McMorrow Meredith L , Moyes Jocelyn , Mkhencele Thulisa , Meiring Susan , Quan Vanessa , Bishop Kate , McAnerney Johanna M , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , Du Plessis Mignon , Treurnicht Florette K , Hellferscee Orienka , Dawood Halima , Naby Fathima , Variava Ebrahim , Siwele Comfort , Baute Neydis , Nel Jeremy , Reubenson Gary , Zar Heather J , Cohen Cheryl
Published: July 2021

Background

In South Africa, COVID-19 control measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 spread were initiated on 16 March 2020. Such measures may also impact the spread of other pathogens, including influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with implications for future annual epidemics and expectations for the subsequent northern hemisphere winter.

Methods

We assessed the detection of influenza and RSV through facility-based syndromic surveillance of adults and children with mild or severe respiratory illness in South Africa from January to October 2020, and compared this with surveillance data from 2013 to 2019.

Results

Facility-based surveillance revealed a decline in influenza virus detection during the regular season compared with previous years. This was observed throughout the implementation of COVID-19 control measures. RSV detection decreased soon after the most stringent COVID-19 control measures commenced; however, an increase in RSV detection was observed after the typical season, following the re-opening of schools and the easing of measures.

Conclusion

COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions led to reduced circulation of influenza and RSV in South Africa. This has limited the country’s ability to provide influenza virus strains for the selection of the annual influenza vaccine. Delayed increases in RSV case numbers may reflect the easing of COVID-19 control measures. An increase in influenza virus detection was not observed, suggesting that the measures may have impacted the two pathogens differently. The impact that lowered and/or delayed influenza and RSV circulation in 2020 will have on the intensity and severity of subsequent annual epidemics is unknown and warrants close monitoring.
The Impact Of Social Media For The Development Of Daâ€™wah In Indonesia
Authors: Ali Mukti , Budyastomo Avin Wimar , Harun Makmur Haji
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine the impact of social media in developing da'wah in Indonesia. Social media that is often used by the Indonesian people can be trusted to bring about changes in the behavior and methods of preaching to be conveyed. Currently, scholars in developing their preaching have also used social media. This type of research is descriptive qualitative by describing the findings or data available in the field then described as information. The method used is a direct interview with respondents about the impact of social media on the development of da'wah in Indonesia. The results obtained are the impact of social media on the development of Da'wah is that currently Da'wah has used technology such as social media for the propagation of Da'wah. Most scholars preach using social media such as YouTube and Facebook. This makes it easier for the scholars to preach.
Authors: Rahmi Yulia , Ghazali Norzulaili Mohd
Published: July 2021

Tulisan ini mengkaji persoalan religious broker pada badal haji. Religious broker adalah orang yang menggantikan seluruh rangkaian ibadah haji dari mubdal minhu. Redaksi hadis menjelaskan bahwa seorang religious broker adalah anak atau saudara dari orang yang dibadalkan. Pada realitasnya, banyak praktek badal haji  dilaksanakan oleh orang-orang yang tidak memiliki hubungan nasab dengan mubdal minhu, bahkan tidak mengenal orang yang digantikannya sama sekali, begitu juga sebaliknya.  Terdapat juga penyalahgunaan tanggung jawab serta terjadinya kasus-kasus penyelewengan badal haji dengan cara membadalkan lebih dari satu orang mubdal minhu. Praktek badal haji dipahami berdasarkan hadis-hadis Rasulullah yang menginformasikan kebolehan menggantikan orang lain karena faktor kondisi fisik yang menghalangi maupun karena wafat. Hadis-hadis tersebut akan dikaji dengan menggunakan metode fiqh al-hadis melalui pendekatan kontekstual hadis. Berdasarkan pendekatan tersebut dapat digali bagaimana karakteristik yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang religious broker. Terpenuhinya karakteristik tersebut oleh religious broker dapat meminimalisir terjadinya penyalahgunaan tanggungjawab dan kepercayaan dalam badal haji.
Applying Ibn Khaldunâ€™s Theory Into The Islamic Preachingâ€™s Movement in The Period of Demak Empire: Reflection for the Contemporary Muslim Society
Authors: Luhtitianti UI Ardaninggar , Arifin Achmad Zainal
Published: July 2021

Ashabiyah and Mulk are positioned as a driving force in the big frame of Ibn Khaldunâ€™s theory about the Rise and Fall of Dynasty. Although many studies on Ashabiyah and Mulk have been carried out, there have been very few attempts to apply them into the empirical phenomena in various society. This paper intends to apply Ashabiyah and Mulkâ€™s theory of Ibn Khaldun in the history of the role of saintsâ€™ daâ€™wa and their alliances with the rulers in the period of Demakâ€™s Empire. The research was compiled using literature studies, with the main source of Muqaddimah and various related research articles. The analysis results show that Ibn Khaldunâ€™s theory is suitable for explaining the essence of the end of Demak's Empire, namely the weakening of the Ashabiyah. Furthermore, Ashabiyah and Mulk are proven to be still relevant in analyzing the socio-religious phenomenon both in the empirical history and in the contemporary muslimâ€™s society.
VALIDATION OF EQUATIONS LECKNER FOR CALCULATE THE EMISSIVITY OF GAS COMBUSTION MIXTURE OBTAINED FROM THE COMPARATION WITH THE METHOD OF HOTTEL AND THE APPLICATION ON AN INDUSTRIAL THREE BED REGENERATIVE CHAMBER COMBUSTION UNIT
Authors: Pittas N. , Moutsios Vasileios , Georgiou Demos P. , Muravieva Irini
Published: July 2021

This paper investigates the validity of the LECKNER to calculate the of mixture of gas combustion in by H. and R. J. Tucker method for enclosures with surfaces exposed to significant thermal radiation. The analysis is focused on a specific combustion chamber in a three-bed regenerative oxidizer and calculates the coefficient of absorption and the corresponding thermal irradiation flux exchanges among the hot wall surfaces of the chamber. The temperature distribution and the initial composition of the gaseous mixture at the inlet plane were assumed known.
ENERGY BALANCE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMED FOR THE COMPRESSION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR UP TO 200 BAR, AND THE ENERGY PRODUCED FROM ITS EXPANSION DOWN TO ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ON NICHOLAS PITTAS’ PATENT ABOUT STORAGE AND CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION ENERGY SYSTEM
Authors: Pittas N. , Gkialas Ioannis , Georgiou Demos P. , Moutsios Vasileios
Published: July 2021

This paper provides the theoretical foundation the patents , of Nicholas Pittas related to storage and continuous production of energy via compressed air. Specifically, the energy balance between consumed energy, used for the compression of atmospheric air to high pressure and heat production within a specific number of stages, and the energy produced during the expansion of compressed air to atmospheric pressure. The heat produced is transported, via a thermal vector, to the expansion process to prevent ice formation in the .
Perencanaan Pertanian Konservasi pada Pengelolaan Lahan Tradisional di Kecamatan Amarasi Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Ndun Astrid Aryani , Murtilaksono Kukuh , Baskoro Dwi Putro Tejo , Hidayat Yayat
Published: July 2021

Sistem pengelolaan lahan tradisional untuk kegiatan pertanian dilakukan sepanjang tahun. Hal tersebut akan memicu terjadinya degradasi tanah, jika tidak dibarengi dengan praktik konservasi tanah yang memadai, akibat erosi yang mengakibatkan lahan menjadi kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keramahan lingkungan dari sistem pengelolaan lahan tradisional berdasarkan analisis prediksi erosi dan menganalisis, merencanakan, dan menentukan perencanaan penggunaan lahan yang tepat atau tindakan konservasi untuk meningkatkan keramahan lingkungannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga lokasi yang mewakili tiga sistem pengelolaan lahan tradisional yaitu sistem mamar di Teunbaun, sistem tebang dan bakar di Niukbaun dan wanaternak di Merbaun, Amarasi Barat, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah prediksi erosi tanah menggunakan model USLE dan Tolerable Soil Loss (TSL), kemudian perbandingan nilai erosi (A) dan nilai TSL dipertimbangkan untuk menentukan alternatif tindakan konservasi air dan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tebang dan bakar memiliki prediksi erosi tertinggi (A), diikuti oleh sistem wanaternak dan mamar. Nilai erosi (A) dapat diminimalkan dengan tindakan konservasi. Skenario pola penggunaan lahan yang ideal merekomendasikan nilai C dan P untuk menurunkan nilai A sehingga lebih kecil dari nilai TSL. Tindakan konservasi yang direkomendasikan adalah konstruksi teras bangku yang baik, rorak, dan mulsa. Pengelolaan tanaman dengan memilih tanaman yang sesuai dapat meningkatkan kerapatan tajuk tanaman seperti penanaman campuran dengan kepadatan tinggi dan rotasi tanaman dengan mulsa.