bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mobilidade torácica de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico para leucemia agudaMobilidade torácica de crianças em tratamento quimioterápico para leucemia aguda
Authors: Macêdo Thalita Medeiros Fernandes de , Campos Tania Fernandes , Barra Mikaela Tatiany Medeiros , Freitas Diana Amélia de , Chaves Gabriela Suéllen da Silva , Mendonça Karla Morganna Pereira Pinto de
Published: October 2014

Introdução: As leucemias representam a neoplasia que mais acometem a população infantil. Objetivo: Comparar a mobilidade torácica entre crianças com leucemia aguda durante a fase de manutenção da quimioterapia e escolares saudáveis. Métodos: Foram avaliadas 34 crianças divididas entre os grupos: A, composto por 17 pacientes com leucemia aguda; e B, formado com 17 saudáveis. A mobilidade torácica foi avaliada por meio da cirtometria torácica nos níveis axilar e xifoide. Foram utilizados os testes “t” de Student não pareado e pareado para comparação dos valores encontrados durante as avaliações. Resultados: As integrantes do grupo com leucemia aguda apresentaram menor mobilidade torácica axilar e xifoideana, quando comparadas ao grupo das saudáveis. No entanto, não houve diferença entre os valores encontrados nesses níveis em cada grupo avaliado. Conclusão: A crianças com leucemia aguda durante o período de manutenção do tratamento quimioterápico apresentam redução da mobilidade torácica.
A utilização da escala de Borg em atividade física com gestantes
Authors: Santos Caroline Mombaque dos , Santos Wendel Mombaque dos , Coutinho Renato Xavier , Pigatto Camila , Portela Luiz Osório Cruz , Gallarreta Francisco Maximiliano Pancich
Published: October 2014

Introdução: Há poucas evidências entre a relação de parâmetros hemodinâmicos maternos e a escala de Borg, durante a prática de exercício físico. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a escala de Borg e os padrões de frequência cardíaca materna e pressão arterial média em gestantes submetidas a exercício físico aeróbico. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal com gestantes hígidas, selecionadas por amostra de conveniência, submetidas a teste aeróbico progressivo em esteira; sendo avaliados a FC materna, a PAM e o nível de percepção de esforço durante o exercício físico proposto, até a fadiga voluntária. Resultados: A pressão arterial média teve aumento progressivo significativo até o nível de esforço cansativo (p=0,04); já a frequência cardíaca apresentou aumento gradativo, não significativo (p>0,05), em todos os níveis da referida escala. Conclusões: A escala de Borg em atividades com gestantes deve ser aplicada tendo, como limite superior, o nível relativamente fácil durante o programa de exercício.
Influência da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular e cinesioterapia nos movimentos de pacientes hemiparéticos
Authors: Souza Juliana De Oliveira , Silva Suelen De Almeida , Januário Priscila De Oliveira , Cruz Ariela Torres
Published: October 2014

Introdução: Aproximadamente metade dos sobreviventes de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) apresentam problemas funcionais na mão e no braço. Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM) e cinesioterapia são recursos utilizados na reabilitação destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da EENM associada ou não a cinesioterapia na quantidade de uso (MAL-AOU) e qualidade dos movimentos (MAL-QOM) do membro superior espástico de pacientes com sequela de AVE. Métodos: Dezoito pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: um tratado com EENM; e um, com EENM associada à cinesioterapia, ambos submetidos a 16 atendimentos, sendo avaliados antes, no fim do tratamento e após um e três meses do seu término. Resultados: Houve um aumento nos valores do MAL-AOU e MAL-QOM em ambos os grupos, com manutenção três meses após o término da terapia. Conclusões: Os tratamentos propostos mostraram-se eficazes para o aumento da quantidade de uso e qualidade dos movimentos do membro superior parético da população estudada.
Desempenho de repetições máximas após facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva aplicada nos músculos agonistas e antagonistas
Authors: Gomes Franklin De Deus , Vieira Wanessa , Souza Leonardo Mendes de , Paz Gabriel Andrade , Lima Vicente Pinheiro
Published: October 2014

Introdução: Evidências prévias sugerem que o alongamento muscular pode interferir negativamente no desempenho de repetições máximas. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho de repetições máximas no exercício mesa flexora pós-facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) nos músculos agonistas e antagonistas. Métodos: Vinte mulheres (21±2,32 anos) treinadas participaram do estudo. Primeiramente, foi realizado o teste e reteste de dez repetições máximas (RM) na mesa flexora. Em seguida, foram aplicados três protocolos: a) protocolo tradicional (PT) – sem alongamento prévio; b) FNPA – FNP aplicada nos antagonistas (extensores do joelho); c) FNPAT – FNP aplicada nos músculos agonistas (flexores do joelho). Em cada protocolo, foi realizada uma série na mesa flexora até a falha concêntrica (cargas de 10RM). Resultados: O número de repetições obtidos no FNPAT (14,35 ± 1,23) foi significativamente maior comparado ao FNPA (11,55 ± 1,39) e PT (9,8 ± 1,2). Conclusão: A FNP aplicada nos extensores do joelho (antagonistas) promoveu aumento significativo no desempenho de repetições máximas na mesa flexora (agonistas).
Avaliação estática do ângulo Q não caracteriza sujeitos com síndrome da dor patelofemoral
Authors: Piazza Lisiane , Lisboa Aline Crísthna Alves , Luza Marcelo , Brinhosa Gisela Cristina da Silva , Libardoni Thiele De Cássia , Sinhorim Larissa Milani Brognoli , Santos Gilmar Moraes
Published: October 2014

Introdução: A mensuração do ângulo Q é amplamente realizada em pacientes com SDPF. Objetivo: Comparar o ângulo Q e dor na articulação patelofemoral entre sujeitos com e sem SDPF. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 57 mulheres, 26 com SDPF (GSDPF), e 31clinicamente saudáveis (GC). Foram avaliados o ângulo Q nos dois membros inferiores das participantes com SDPF (membro comprometido – MC e membro não comprometido – MNC) e o membro dominante dos assintomáticos (MD). Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial, com p≤0,05. Resultados: Foi evidenciada diferença na intensidade da dor no primeiro dia de avaliação e na última semana entre os três membros inferiores avaliados (p=0,01), e o MC apresentou maior intensidade em comparação com os demais membros. Conclusão: Não foram observadas diferenças no ângulo Q entre os membros MC, MNC e MD (p=0,09), indicando que a avaliação estática do ângulo Q não caracteriza sujeitos com SDPF.
Česká média a zahraniční politika: v hradním stínu a zajetí emocí
Authors: Nečas Vlastimil , Vochocová Lenka
Published: October 2014

On the basis of the analysis of news content from 2008 to 2012, we describe in this article the tendencies of Czech media in dealing with foreign policy topics, using a combination of quantitative content analysis and qualitative case studies of selected foreign policy events. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrate that the coverage of political events in the media is highly personalised and viewed through the prism of the personal or political interests of Czech political elites and the conflicts between them. As concerns the diversity of the actors presented and topics covered, the Czech media produce a considerably restricted and more or less uniform stream of news commented upon by a relatively limited spectrum of actors, mainly Czech politicians. For non-political, non-governmental, and international actors, access to the debate is considerably limited. The print media tends to present major political events as power-based conflicts between individuals or groups, rather than as negotiations about public affairs supported by substantive arguments. In effect, Habermas’s classical vision of the role of mass media in democracy, which is to promote rational discussion as a desirable form of public debate, is replaced with persuasion through emotional appeal, which has been widely criticised. At the same time, however, some theoretical traditions see it more positively as a less restrictive form of public discourse.
Československo 1945–1948: Případ hybridního režimu?
Authors: Bílek Jaroslav , Lupták Ľubomír
Published: October 2014

This article presents an interpretative case study utilizing the concept of hybrid regimes as presented by Leah Gilbert and Payam Mohseni to analyse the political regime of Czechoslovakia between the years 1945–1948. Our aim is to demonstrate that rather than a mere transitional phase on the road from democracy to authoritarianism or an episode of final tremors of the pre-war (democratic) regime, the 1945–1945 regime represents a full-fledged hybrid, rooted in the specific conditions of the post-war period. One of the major problems in contemporary discussions about hybrid regimes is the blurred and somewhat unstable boundary between democratic and authoritarian regimes, especially when viewed only as a function of the electoral processes and mechanics. Gilbert and Mohseni’s classification of hybrid regimes attempts to overcome this problem by including two additional analytic dimensions, allowing to point at the dynamic development of the political regime in post-war Czechoslovakia and its rather lively movement on the scale between authoritarianism and democracy.
Anna Sapir Abulafia. Christian-Jewish Relations 1000-1300: Jews in the Service of Medieval Christendom
Authors: Schoenfeld Devorah
Published: October 2014

No abstract is available.
Christoph Ochs. Matthaeus Adversus Christianos. The Use of the Gospel of Matthew in Jewish Polemics Against the Divinity of Jesus
Authors: Lasker Daniel J.
Published: October 2014

No abstract is available.
John Connelly. From Enemy to Brother: The Revolution in Catholic Teaching on the Jews, 1933-1965
Authors: Borelli John
Published: October 2014

No abstract is available.
Être ou ne pas être en politique : quelques déterminants de l’implication des femmes
Authors: Rinfret Natalie , Tougas Francine , Laplante Joelle , Beaton Ann M.
Published: October 2014

La politique est un milieu difficile dans lequel les femmes doivent surmonter des embûches au quotidien. L’objectif général de cette étude est de comparer le profil des femmes politiquement engagées avec celui de celles qui le sont moins. Dans cette optique, un questionnaire a été acheminé à des femmes ayant participé à l’École Femmes et Démocratie (2004 à 2009), qui offre une formation à celles qui souhaitent se lancer en politique. Le questionnaire regroupait des énoncés que les chercheurs avaient identifiés comme mesurant des facteurs de prédiction de l’engagement des femmes en politique, mais sans nécessairement les avoir testés empiriquement auprès d’échantillons concernés. Deux groupes ont été constitués, les femmes qui s’engagent pleinement sur la voie de la politique et celles qui restreignent leur participation. Étant donné que la majorité des participantes ne sont pas encore actives en politique, la variable « engagement communautaire », identifiée comme un déterminant de l’engagement politique (Elder, 2004), a été utilisée pour séparer les deux groupes. Une analyse discriminante nous a permis d’identifier les facteurs distinguant ces deux groupes, dont la résilience, l’auto-évaluation de compétences personnelles, relationnelles et politiques. Cette étude contribue à une compréhension plus juste du vécu des femmes qui s’engagent sur la voie de la politique. On parle alors de contributions théorique et pratique.
La libéralisation du secteur postal suédois
Authors: Lévesque Pier-Luc
Published: October 2014

Plusieurs chercheurs ont soutenu que depuis le début des années 1990 l’État suédois se transforme en fonction de principes néolibéraux. Néanmoins, les analyses institutionnelles qui ont tenté de valider ou d’invalider cette théorie ont parfois escamoté certains axes de la réforme de l’État. Dans cet article, nous procédons à une analyse de la transformation institutionnelle du secteur des postes depuis la fin des années 1980. Nous observons quels ont été les grands changements pour une organisation telle que Posten, qui a longtemps joui d’un statut de monopole public dans le secteur de la livraison du courrier. Nous nous penchons aussi sur la question de la création d’un marché de la livraison du courrier et des colis et nous tentons de voir si les parts de marché des organisations publiques sont en déclin. En somme, nos recherches indiquent que les changements dans le secteur postal suédois constituent un virage important par rapport aux principes de la social-démocratie traditionnelle, mais que les réformes ne peuvent pas être qualifiées de néolibérales.
Utopie et démocratie chez Miguel Abensour
Authors: Hurteau1 Philippe
Published: October 2014

Afin de questionner l’association convenue entre État de droit et démocratie, cet article effectue un travail de mise en relation de deux concepts centraux dans l’oeuvre de Miguel Abensour, soit la démocratie et l’utopie. Pour Abensour, la démocratie, comprise comme surgissement du dêmos, opère une réduction phénoménale ramenant l’ordre institué à ses fondements ; tandis que l’utopie, loin des interprétations qui en font l’antichambre des totalitarismes, est comprise comme une structure de conscience spécifique permettant, par la découverte de l’existence d’un « écart absolu » entre le monde institué et ses principes instituant, de dégager l’espace nécessaire à l’irruption du dêmos sur la scène politique.
État(-nation), citoyenneté et contingence
Authors: St-Louis1 Jean-Charles
Published: October 2014

Cette note de recherche propose quelques pistes pour problématiser, à partir du constat de la contingence de la naissance, quelques-unes des hiérarchisations des appartenances qui sont maintenues à travers l’idée de l’État(-nation) comme paradigme dominant de l’organisation politique. La première partie analyse les contributions libérales culturalistes de Margaret Moore et de Michel Seymour pour montrer comment elles reproduisent certaines limites de l’État territorial moderne qu’elles cherchent précisément à dépasser. En outre, elles endossent une hiérarchisationde facto(et en fin de compte contingente) des (re)définitions légitimes de la citoyenneté et de l’appartenance. La deuxième partie s’intéresse aux réflexions d’Hannah Arendt sur l’État-nation, la citoyenneté et les apatrides. Les travaux d’Arendt paraissent pouvoir inspirer une compréhension des expériences ordinaires de la citoyenneté sensible aux inégalités liées à la contingence de la naissance.
La redécouverte de Léon Gérin, premier sociologue du Canada
Authors: Fournier Marcel
Published: October 2014

Dans toute histoire d’une discipline scientifique, se pose la question des précurseurs et du fondateur. Au Québec et aussi au Canada, Léon Gérin s’est d’abord vu attribuer le statut de « précurseur » puis celui de « premier sociologue canadien ». L’article comporte trois parties. D’abord l’auteur analyse la redécouverte de Léon Gérin dans les années 1960; il montre ensuite que la relecture de Gérin comporte, encore aujourd’hui, un enjeu indissociablement scientifique et institutionnel; enfin, s’appuyant sur ses propres recherches, il montre que tout n’a pas été dit sur Léon Gérin et il pose la question « Pourquoi Le Play et pas Durkheim? ». Et de conclure : il y a quelques bonnes raisons de ne pas oublier Léon Gérin.
Léon Gérin, mon « professeur » de sociologie, un hommage
Authors: Rocher Guy
Published: October 2014

Nouvellement inscrit comme étudiant à la Faculté des sciences sociales, j’appris l’existence d’un sociologue canadien-français qui nous avait précédés de plus d’un demi-siècle, Léon Gérin. C’est grâce à Jean-Charles Falardeau que je lus et connus ses recherches. Elles me révélaient la grande variété des familles paysannes du Québec. Elles m’apprenaient du même coup les exigences de la méthodologie scientifique dans la recherche qualitative. La lecture des oeuvres de Léon Gérin fut à l’origine de mon engagement en sociologie.
Des sociologues en campagne : sociographie de la différenciation sociale du Québec rural francophone
Authors: Parent Frédéric
Published: October 2014

Une relecture de la tradition monographique en sociologie du Québec, et plus particulièrement des travaux de Léon Gérin, permet de mettre en évidence, en première partie de l’article, la centralité des réseaux familiaux dans la production et la reproduction de la société canadienne-française du 19e et de la première moitié du 20e siècle. La structuration familiale des rapports sociaux était cependant différenciée entre les élites canadiennes-françaises et les populations rurales. À partir des résultats d’une enquête ethnographique dans un village québécois, nous examinerons, en deuxième partie, l’hypothèse que les réseaux familiaux, qui structurent l’enracinement territorial, demeurent encore aujourd’hui une logique dominante des rapports sociaux dans le village étudié, malgré la fragilisation des réseaux familiaux les plus anciens depuis la Révolution tranquille et la subséquente régionalisation des activités politiques. Nous montrerons enfin que la fragilisation des réseaux familiaux rappelle la différenciation sociale observée dans la tradition monographique en sociologie du Québec, entre les élites canadiennes-françaises et les populations rurales.
Léon Gérin et l’économie
Authors: Sabourin Paul
Published: October 2014

Cet article aborde le rapport à l’économie et aux discours d’économie politique chez Léon Gérin. Partant de ses prédécesseurs tels Étienne Parent et son père Antoine-Gérin Lajoie qui ont posé les nécessités d’une modernisation économique de la société canadienne-française, Léon Gérin visera à donner un statut scientifique à l’économie politique grâce à l’approche monographique leplaysienne. Dans ses recherches, nous assistons à un renversement d’une conception de l’économie vue en termes matériels, à une conception de l’économie reposant sur les caractéristiques des regroupements sociaux. Ceux-ci deviennent ainsi la source du progrès plutôt que d’être déterminés par lui. Léon Gérin se distancie de l’économie politique pour asseoir la sociologie en tant que champ de connaissance sans par ailleurs arriver à dépasser la thèse de la supériorité économique des Anglo-saxons telle que la posaient les tenants de l’École Leplaysienne et l’économie politique dominante de son temps.
Mémoires disciplinaires et pratiques scientifiques : usages de la monographie en sociologie et en service social à l’Université Laval, 1943-1965
Authors: Charron Hélène
Published: October 2014

Cet article propose une analyse comparative des usages de la monographie en service social et en sociologie entre les années 1940 et 1960 à l’Université Laval. Il interroge le rôle du rapport à la monographie dans la constitution des frontières disciplinaires entre la sociologie et le service social et met en évidence la centralité de la dualité théorie-empirie dans l’organisation sociale des sciences sociales. De manière transversale, il montre le caractère « genré » et hiérarchique de cette dualité qui contribue à la retraduction des inégalités de sexe dans le milieu académique. Après avoir rappelé les conditions de naissance des deux disciplines à l’Université Laval et analysé la démarche monographique des étudiants de cette université dans leurs travaux de fin d’études, il propose une comparaison de deux travaux d’enquête réalisés au début des années 1960 par le directeur du département de sociologie, Fernand Dumont – en collaboration avec Yves Martin – et par la directrice de l’École de service social Simone Paré.
La construction sociale de la mobilité durable urbaine : les discours sur les enjeux du transport dans la ville de Québec
Authors: Scanu Emiliano
Published: October 2014

En 2011, la Ville de Québec publiait son Plan de mobilité durable dans l’optique d’adapter son système de transport aux principes du développement durable. Quoiqu’il ait été l’objet de plusieurs consultations et audiences publiques, le Plan n’a pas fait l’unanimité auprès du public. Dans cet article, après avoir situé la mobilité durable dans un cadre théorique socioconstructiviste, nous analysons le débat entourant la réalisation de ce Plan. Trois narrations distinctes sur la mobilité durable urbaine ont été repérées, chacune relevant de trois coalitions d’acteurs. À Québec, bien que la mobilité durable soit un projet largement partagé, les acteurs ne s’accordent pas sur les causes et les modalités de sa réalisation, car ils lui associent idées et valeurs divergentes.
L’attraction des diplômés universitaires en région périphérique : l’influence des facteurs régionaux
Authors: Beaudry Catherine , Laflamme Josée , Deschênes Andrée-Anne , Aguir Mounir
Published: October 2014

En raison de la rareté du personnel dans certaines régions du Québec, les employeurs sont soucieux d’attirer une main-d’oeuvre qualifiée dans leurs organisations. Cet article a pour objectif d’identifier les facteurs influençant l’attraction régionale de futurs diplômés, les étudiants universitaires. Un questionnaire autoadministré a été rempli par 876 étudiants de huit universités francophones québécoises. Les résultats montrent que l’importance de la qualité de vie (offre culturelle, installations sportives et récréatives et politiques familiales) ainsi que celle accordée aux politiques régionales de gestion sont corrélées à l’intention des étudiants universitaires de travailler dans une organisation située en région périphérique.
Sustainability of a community‐based anti‐retroviral care delivery model – a qualitative research study in Tete, Mozambique
Authors: Rasschaert Freya , Decroo Tom , Remartinez Daniel , Telfer Barbara , Lessitala Faustino , Biot Marc , Candrinho Baltazar , Van Damme Wim
Published: October 2014

Introduction

To overcome patients’ reported barriers to accessing anti‐retroviral therapy (ART), a community‐based delivery model was piloted in Tete, Mozambique. Community ART Groups (CAGs) of maximum six patients stable on ART offered cost‐ and time‐saving benefits and mutual psychosocial support, which resulted in better adherence and retention outcomes. To date, Médecins Sans Frontières has coordinated and supported these community‐driven activities.

Methods

To better understand the sustainability of the CAG model, we developed a conceptual framework on sustainability of community‐based programmes. This was used to explore the data retrieved from 16 focus group discussions and 24 in‐depth interviews with different stakeholder groups involved in the CAG model and to identify factors influencing the sustainability of the CAG model.

Results

We report the findings according to the framework's five components. (1) The CAG model was designed to overcome patients’ barriers to ART and was built on a concept of self‐management and patient empowerment to reach effective results. (2) Despite the progressive Ministry of Health (MoH) involvement, the daily management of the model is still strongly dependent on external resources, especially the need for a regulatory cadre to form and monitor the groups. These additional resources are in contrast to the limited MoH resources available. (3) The model is strongly embedded in the community, with patients taking a more active role in their own healthcare and that of their peers. They are considered as partners in healthcare, which implies a new healthcare approach. (4) There is a growing enabling environment with political will and general acceptance to support the CAG model. (5) However, contextual factors, such as poverty, illiteracy and the weak health system, influence the community‐based model and need to be addressed.

Conclusions

The community embeddedness of the model, together with patient empowerment, high acceptability and progressive MoH involvement strongly favour the future sustainability of the CAG model. The high dependency on external resources for the model's daily management, however, can potentially jeopardize its sustainability. Further reflections are required on possible solutions to solve these challenges, especially in terms of human resources.
Trithorax maintains the functional heterogeneity of neural stem cells through the transcription factor Buttonhead
Authors: Komori Hideyuki , Xiao Qi , Janssens Derek H , Dou Yali , Lee Cheng-Yu
Published: October 2014

The mechanisms that maintain the functional heterogeneity of stem cells, which generates diverse differentiated cell types required for organogenesis, are not understood. In this study, we report that Trithorax (Trx) actively maintains the heterogeneity of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) in the developing Drosophila larval brain. trx mutant type II neuroblasts gradually adopt a type I neuroblast functional identity, losing the competence to generate intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) and directly generating differentiated cells. Trx regulates a type II neuroblast functional identity in part by maintaining chromatin in the buttonhead (btd) locus in an active state through the histone methyltransferase activity of the SET1/MLL complex. Consistently, btd is necessary and sufficient for eliciting a type II neuroblast functional identity. Furthermore, over-expression of btd restores the competence to generate INPs in trx mutant type II neuroblasts. Thus, Trx instructs a type II neuroblast functional identity by epigenetically promoting Btd expression, thereby maintaining neuroblast functional heterogeneity.
The Drosophila Sp8 transcription factor Buttonhead prevents premature differentiation of intermediate neural progenitors
Authors: Xie Yonggang , Li Xiaosu , Zhang Xian , Mei Shaolin , Li Hongyu , Urso Andreacarola , Zhu Sijun
Published: October 2014

Intermediate neural progenitor cells (INPs) need to avoid differentiation and cell cycle exit while maintaining restricted developmental potential, but mechanisms preventing differentiation and cell cycle exit of INPs are not well understood. In this study, we report that the Drosophila homolog of mammalian Sp8 transcription factor Buttonhead (Btd) prevents premature differentiation and cell cycle exit of INPs in Drosophila larval type II neuroblast (NB) lineages. We show that the loss of Btd leads to elimination of mature INPs due to premature differentiation of INPs into terminally dividing ganglion mother cells. We provide evidence to demonstrate that Btd prevents the premature differentiation by suppressing the expression of the homeodomain protein Prospero in immature INPs. We further show that Btd functions cooperatively with the Ets transcription factor Pointed P1 to promote the generation of INPs. Thus, our work reveals a critical mechanism that prevents premature differentiation and cell cycle exit of Drosophila INPs.
Phosphatidic acid modulation of Kv channel voltage sensor function
Authors: Hite Richard K , Butterwick Joel A , MacKinnon Roderick
Published: October 2014

Membrane phospholipids can function as potent regulators of ion channel function. This study uncovers and investigates the effect of phosphatidic acid on Kv channel gating. Using the method of reconstitution into planar lipid bilayers, in which protein and lipid components are defined and controlled, we characterize two effects of phosphatidic acid. The first is a non-specific electrostatic influence on activation mediated by electric charge density on the extracellular and intracellular membrane surfaces. The second is specific to the presence of a primary phosphate group, acts only through the intracellular membrane leaflet and depends on the presence of a particular arginine residue in the voltage sensor. Intracellular phosphatidic acid accounts for a nearly 50 mV shift in the midpoint of the activation curve in a direction consistent with stabilization of the voltage sensor's closed conformation. These findings support a novel mechanism of voltage sensor regulation by the signaling lipid phosphatidic acid.
Looking out for future scientists
Authors: Marder Eve
Published: October 2014

Proposals to reduce the number of students who do PhDs are misguided, writes Eve Marder, because they would exclude young scientists with qualities that do not show up in exam results and interviews.
Remote sensing of suspended particulate matter in turbid oyster‐farming ecosystems
Authors: Gernez Pierre , Barillé Laurent , Lerouxel Astrid , Mazeran Constant , Lucas Axel , Doxaran David
Published: October 2014

High resolution satellite data of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer in full resolution mode (MERIS FR, pixel size is 300 m) were used to study the impact of suspended particulate matter (SPM) on oyster‐farming sites in a macrotidal bay of the French Atlantic coast where SPM concentration can exceed 100 g m−3. Because MERIS standard SPM concentration retrieval saturates at about 50 g m−3, we developed an alternative method for turbid nearshore waters. The method consists in the combination of the Semi‐Analytical Atmospheric and Bio‐Optical (SAABIO) atmospheric correction with a regional bio‐optical algorithm based on a linear relationship between SPM concentration and the reflectance band ratio at 865 and 560 nm. MERIS FR‐derived SPM concentrations were validated from 10 up to 300 g m−3, and then merged with oyster ecophysiological responses to provide a spatial picture of the impact of SPM concentration on oyster‐farming sites. Our approach demonstrates the potential of high resolution satellite remote sensing for aquaculture management and shellfish‐farming ecosystems studies.
Structure of the turbidity field in the Guadalquivir estuary: Analysis of observations and a box model approach
Authors: Díez‐Minguito M. , Baquerizo A. , de Swart H. E. , Losada M. A.
Published: October 2014

A study is presented on the transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Guadalquivir estuary during low river flow conditions. Observations show that tidally induced SPM exceeds that associated with catchment‐derived inputs. The main mechanisms that contribute to longitudinal transport are identified and quantified by analyzing the tidally averaged and depth‐integrated SPM flux decomposition over time and space. The net transport is generally directed upstream, although differences in the direction between spring and neap tides are identified. The transport is largely controlled by the mean advection, the tidal pumping associated with the covariance between SPM concentration and current, and the tidal Stokes transport. The convergence of the transport associated to these mechanisms alone explains the presence of primary and secondary estuarine turbidity maxima. The tidal reflection at the upstream dam appears to play a significant role in their generation, as evidenced by the convergence zones of the M4 and M2 induced tidal pumping transports. The spatial structure of the transport motivates the development of a box model that describes the concentration of SPM and its exchange between different stretches along the estuary at subtidal time scales. The model is fed by the net SPM transport obtained from observations. Analysis of the morphodynamical state of the estuary using the box model indicates that erosion is dominant in the stretches close to the estuary mouth and that this sediment is transported upstream and deposited in the middle part of the estuary. This process is more influential during spring tides than during neap tides.
Sensitivity of the water cycle over the Indian Ocean and Maritime Continent to parameterized physics in a regional model
Authors: Ulate Marcela , Dudhia Jimy , Zhang Chidong
Published: October 2014

A regional model was used to simulate the water cycle over the Indian Ocean (IO) and Maritime Continent (MC). Sixteen 92 day simulations were performed using different combinations of eight cumulus parameterization schemes and three planetary boundary‐layer (PBL) parameterization schemes. The strength of the water cycle in the IO and MC, measured by its domain mean precipitation and precipitable water, differs substantially among the simulations. The large spread of water cycle strength is mainly toward dry biases in comparison to global data assimilation products. The simulated water cycle, its spread, and biases differ between the IO and MC. Influences of PBL schemes can penetrate into the upper troposphere and those by cumulus schemes into the boundary layer. Dry biases in the simulations are produced mainly because of feedbacks among erroneously low diabatic heating peaks, shallow moisture convergence layers, dry lower troposphere, and weak surface evaporation. There is no single type of parameterization scheme that can be identified to be the main sources of the dry biases. It is the combination of errors from three types of parameterization schemes, namely, cumulus, PBL, and microphysics, that makes the simulated water cycle unrealistic. The lesson learned is that the tropical water cycle can be better simulated only by improving parameterization schemes of different processes all together as a package.
Sleep Disturbance in Osteoarthritis: Linkages With Pain, Disability, and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Parmelee Patricia A. , Tighe Caitlan A. , Dautovich Natalie D.
Published: October 2014

Objective

It is known that osteoarthritis (OA) increases the risk of sleep disturbance, and that both pain and sleep problems may trigger functional disability and depression. However, studies examining all 4 variables simultaneously are rare. The aim of this study was to examine cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations of self‐reported sleep disturbance with OA‐related pain and disability and depressive symptoms.

Methods

At baseline, 367 persons with physician‐diagnosed knee OA reported sleep disturbances, pain, functional limitations, and depressive symptoms. At 1‐year followup, all measures were repeated in 288 of the subjects. Baseline analyses examined the independent and interactive associations of sleep disturbance with pain, disability, and depression, net of demographics and general health. Longitudinal analyses used baseline sleep disturbance to predict the 1‐year change in pain, disability, and depression.

Results

At baseline, sleep was independently associated with pain and depression but not disability. The sleep–pain relationship was mediated by depressive symptoms; sleep interacted with pain to exacerbate depression among persons with high levels of pain. Baseline sleep disturbance predicted increased depression and disability, but not pain, at followup.

Conclusion

These data confirm known cross‐sectional relationships between sleep disturbance and pain and depression and provide new insights regarding longitudinal associations among those variables. Depression appears to play a strong role in the sleep–pain linkage, particularly when pain is severe. The unique predictive role of sleep in the progression of disability requires further study but may be an important point of intervention to prevent OA‐related functional decline among persons whose sleep is disrupted by OA‐related pain.
Bio‐Inspired, Water‐Soluble to Insoluble Self‐Conversion for Flexible, Biocompatible, Transparent, Catecholamine Polysaccharide Thin Films
Authors: Ryu Ji Hyun , Jo Seongyeon , Koh Mi‐Young , Lee Haeshin
Published: October 2014

In nature, a variety of functional water‐insoluble organic materials are biologically synthesized in aqueous conditions without chemical additives and organic solvents. Insect cuticle, crustacean shells, and many others are representative examples. The insoluble materials are prepared by enzyme reactions and programmed self‐assembly in water from water‐soluble precursors. If the water‐basis could be adapted, environment‐friendly strategy developed in nature, many problems caused by the vast consumption of petroleum‐based olefin materials could be solved or significantly attenuated. Here, the spontaneous formation of water‐insoluble, biocompatible films from a water‐soluble polymer is demonstrated without using any chemical additives and organic solvents. It is found that a water‐soluble chitosan–catechol polymeric precursor is spontaneously self‐converted to flexible water‐insoluble thin film by simple dehydration. The preparation of mechanically robust, water‐insoluble, flexible, transparent chitosan–catechol film is a completely unexpected result because most water‐soluble polymers exist as powders when dehydrated. The film can be used as a bag similar to polyvinyl one and is multifunctional and biocompatible for drug delivery depots and tissue engineering applications.
A new drag correlation from fully resolved simulations of flow past monodisperse static arrays of spheres
Authors: (Yali) Tang Y. , (Frank) Peters E. A. J. F. , (Hans) Kuipers J. A. M. , (Sebastian) Kriebitzsch S. H. L. , (Martin) van der Hoef M. A.
Published: October 2014

Fully resolved simulations of flow past fixed assemblies of monodisperse spheres in face‐centered‐cubic array or random configurations, are performed using an iterative immersed boundary method. A methodology has been applied such that the computed gas–solid force is almost independent of the grid resolution. Simulations extend the previously similar studies to a wider range of solids volume fraction (
[0.1, 0.6]) and Reynolds number (Re
[50, 1000]). A new drag correlation combining the existed drag correlations for low‐Re flows and single‐sphere flows is proposed, which fits the entire dataset with an average relative deviation of 4%. This correlation is so far the best possible expression for the drag force in monodisperse static arrays of spheres, and is the most accurate basis to introduce the particle mobility for dynamic gas–solid systems, such as in fluidized beds. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 688–698, 2015
Evidence of skeletal treponematosis from the medieval burial ground ofSt.MarySpital,London, and implications for the origins of the disease inEurope
Authors: Walker Don , Powers Natasha , Connell Brian , Redfern Rebecca
Published: October 2014

Treponematosis is a syndrome of chronic infectious diseases. There has been much debate on its origins and spread, particularly with regard to venereal syphilis, an unsightly and debilitating disease in preantibiotic populations. The osteological analysis of 5,387 individuals excavated by Museum of London Archaeology from the medieval burial ground of St. Mary Spital in London (datedc1120–1539) provided an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the nature and prevalence of disease over a period of time. Twenty‐five individuals were found with suspected treponematosis, originating from all but the earliest period of the burial ground. Descriptions of affected individuals from each period, together with supporting images, are provided. In this work, particular emphasis was given to the distribution of lesions on the skeleton and the variation in patterns by sex and over time. Little change was observed in the distribution of bony change between individuals dated to pre‐ and post‐Columbian periods. However, a dramatic rise in the prevalence of the disease in the final period (c1400–1539) may reflect documentary reports of a European epidemic from the late 15th century. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:90–101, 2015 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effektive Markierung von bioaktiven Peptiden mit PHIP‐Markern zur Steigerung der Empfindlichkeit von NMR‐Signalen
Authors: Sauer Grit , Nasu Daichi , Tietze Daniel , Gutmann Torsten , Englert Simon , Avrutina Olga , Kolmar Harald , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: October 2014

Neuartige, bioaktive Derivate des Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitors‐1 (SFTI‐1), die für die Hyperpolarisation mittels Parawasserstoff‐induzierter Kernspinpolarisation (PHIP) geeignet sind, wurden entwickelt. Die PHIP‐Aktivität dieser Derivate wurde durch den Einbau der Marker L‐Propargylglycin, O‐Propargyl‐L‐tyrosin oder 4‐Pentinsäure erreicht. In wässrigen Lösungen konnten 1H‐NMR‐Signalverstärkungen um bis zu 70 erzielt werden. Eine isolierte räumliche Lage der Dreifachbindung und die Zugänglichkeit des Markers für den Katalysator sind essenziell für den Grad der erreichbaren Signalverstärkung.
Direct Spectroscopic Evidence of Hyperconjugation Unveils the Conformational Landscape of Hydrazides
Authors: Gloaguen Eric , Brenner Valérie , Alauddin Mohammad , Tardivel Benjamin , Mons Michel , Zehnacker‐Rentien Anne , Declerck Valérie , Aitken David J.
Published: October 2014

The stereochemistry of hydrazides makes them especially interesting as building blocks for molecular design. An exhaustive conformational analysis of three model hydrazides was conducted in a conformer‐selective approach by using a combination of high‐level quantum chemistry calculations and vibrational spectroscopy in the gas phase and in solution. The NH stretch frequency was found to be highly sensitive to hyperconjugation, thus making it an efficient probe of the conformation of the neighboring nitrogen atom. This property greatly assisted the identification of the isomers observed experimentally in the conformer pool. A rationalization of the hydrazide conformational landscape is proposed, therefore paving the way for a better characterization of secondary structures in larger systems.
Ag[Fe(CO)5]2+: A Bare Silver Complex with Fe(CO)5 as a Ligand
Authors: Malinowski Przemysław J. , Krossing Ingo
Published: October 2014

Attempts to prepare Fe(CO)5+ from Ag[Al(ORF)4] (RF=C(CF3)3) and Fe(CO)5 in CH2Cl2 yielded the first complex of a neutral metal carbonyl bound to a simple metal cation. The Ag[Fe(CO)5]2+ cation consists of two Fe(CO)5 molecules coordinating Ag+ in an almost linear fashion. The ν(CO) modes are blue‐shifted compared to Fe(CO)5, with one band above 2143 cm−1 indicating that back‐bonding is heavily decreased in the Ag[Fe(CO)5]2+ cation.
Auto‐Oxidative Coupling of Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Huo Congde , Yuan Yong , Wu Mingxia , Jia Xiaodong , Wang Xicun , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing
Published: October 2014

The unprecedented title reaction between glycine derivatives and indoles, as well as the auto‐oxidative Povarov/aromatization tandem reaction of glycine derivatives with olefins are described. The reactions were performed in the absence of redox‐active catalysts and chemical oxidants under mild reaction conditions. Only simple organic solvents and air (or O2) were required.
Development and validation of a rapid HPLC method for quantitation of SP‐141, a novel pyrido[b]indole anticancer agent, and an initial pharmacokinetic study in mice
Authors: Nag Subhasree , Qin Jiang‐Jiang , Voruganti Sukesh , Wang Ming‐Hai , Sharma Horrick , Patil Shivaputra , Buolamwini John K. , Wang Wei , Zhang Ruiwen
Published: October 2014

There is an increasing interest in targeting the MDM2 oncogene for cancer therapy. SP‐141, a novel designed small molecule MDM2 inhibitor, exerts excellent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. To facilitate the preclinical development of this candidate anticancer agent, we have developed an HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of SP‐141. The method was validated to be precise, accurate, and specific, with a linear range of 16.2–32,400 ng/mL in plasma, 16.2–6480 ng/mL in homogenates of brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, muscle and tumor, and 32.4–6480 ng/mL in spleen homogenates. The lower limit of quantification was 16.2 ng/mL in plasma and all the tissue homogenates, except for spleen homogenates, where it was 32.4 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐assay precisions (coefficient of variation) were between 0.86 and 13.39%, and accuracies (relative errors) ranged from −8.50 to 13.92%. The relative recoveries were 85.6–113.38%. SP‐141 was stable in mouse plasma, modestly plasma bound and metabolized by S9 microsomal enzymes. We performed an initial pharmacokinetic study in tumor‐bearing nude mice, demonstrating that SP‐141 has a short half‐life in plasma and wide tissue distribution. In summary, this HPLC method can be used in future preclinical and clinical investigations of SP‐141. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aplastic anemia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in children – case report and review of the literature
Authors: van den Akker Machiel , Silverman Earl , Abdelhaleem Mohamed , Kirby‐Allen Melanie
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical Message

Systemic lupus erythematosus should be included in the differential diagnosis of every adolescent with pancytopenia. An accurate diagnosis with the appropriate therapy is vital and can cause lasting reversal of this condition.
A very rare case of primary meningococcal arthritis in an adult male
Authors: Nihonyanagi Shin , Sunakawa Keisuke , Cui Longzhu , Masaki Tsuguto , Wada Tatsuhiko , Hoshiyama Takayuki , Nakamura Masaki , Takayama Yoko , Kanoh Yuhsaku , Ogawa Akifumi , Shichiri Masayoshi , Hanaki Hideaki
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical Message

We report here a very rare case of primary meningococcal arthritis of the knee joint without clinical features associated with meningococcemia, meningitis, or meningococcal complications. The patient suffered from diabetes mellitus and had experienced two episodes of joint trauma. Intravenous infusion of ampicillin/sulbactam for 18 consecutive days was successful.
Interstitial pneumonitis related to rituximab therapy for Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Bai Xueyan , Cui Qu , Liu Yuanbo
Published: October 2014

Key Clinical Message

Rituximab‐combined therapeutic regimens have been recommended for treatment of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM). We report one WM patient who developed interstitial pneumonitis after rituximab therapy.
Semi‐Empirical Model for Limestone Dissolution in Adipic Acid for Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization
Authors: Koech Lawrence , Rutto Hilary , Everson Ray , Neomagus Hein
Published: October 2014

Wet flue gas desulfurization systems are commonly applied to remove sulfur dioxide by contacting it with limestone in an aqueous phase. The effects of pH, stirring speed, solid‐to‐liquid ratio, acid concentration, and temperature on the dissolution rate of limestone in adipic acid were investigated. The reaction dissolution kinetics was determined by fitting the experimental data into the shrinking core model. The sorbent was characterized at different dissolution periods. An increase in the specific surface area of the sorbent was attributed to formation of portlandite. The experimental data were found to fit the shrinking core model with chemical reaction control. A semi‐empirical model was developed from the experimental data to describe the dissolution kinetics.
Sb‐Triggered β‐to‐α Transition: Solvothermal Synthesis of Metastable α‐Cu2Se
Authors: Jia Feng , Zhang Shu , Zhang Xiaokun , Peng Xiaoli , Zhang Haitao , Xiang Yong
Published: October 2014

Control over phase stabilities during synthesis processes is of great importance for both fundamental studies and practical applications. We describe herein a facile strategy for the synthesis of Cu2Se with phase selectivity through a simple solvothermal method. In the presence and absence of SbCl3, monoclinic α‐Cu2Se and cubic β‐Cu2Se can be synthesized, respectively. The formation of α‐Cu2Se requires optimization of the Cu/Se molar ratio in the starting reagents, the reaction temperature, as well as the timing for the addition of SbCl3. Differential scanning calorimetry of the synthesized α‐Cu2Se has shown that a part of it undergoes a phase transition to β‐Cu2Se at 135 °C, and that this phase transition is irreversible on cooling to ambient temperature. Kinetic studies have revealed that in the presence of Sb species the kinetically favored β‐Cu2Se transforms to the thermodynamically favored α‐Cu2Se. In this β‐to‐α phase transition process, the distribution of Cu ions in β‐Cu2Se, as determined by the Cu/Se ratio and temperature, is likely to play a crucial role.