bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Value Management: Model Tata Kelola Pelayanan Publik
Authors: Sujarwoto Sujarwoto , Sahputri Rindi Ardika Melsalasa
Published: February 2024

Buku ini menghadirkan gagasan baru tentang bagaimana cara mengelola pelayanan publik. Berbeda dengan gagasan sebelumnya yaitu manajemen publik tradisional yang didominasi oleh peran birokrasi dan new public management yang didominasi peran dasar sebagai penyedia layanan publik, gagasan public value management menekankan pentingnya peran publik dalam mengelola layanan masyarakat. Berbeda dengan birokrasi yang bertujuan untuk mewujudkan efisiensi melalui prosedur dan regulasi maupun pasar yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan profit melalui kemitraan dan kewirausahaan birokrasi, gagasan public value management bertujuan untuk mengebalikan pelayanan publik pada fitrahnya yaitu memberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada warga negara melalui pnciptaan nilai publik. Nilai publik adalah sesuatu yang berharga yang sering hilang karena dominasi peran birokrasi dan pasar. Kami susun buku ini dalam tujuh bab. Bab pertama mendiskusikan gagasan public value management dalam kerangka ilmu (body of knowledge) administrasi/manajemen publik. Bab kedua menjabarkan makna nilai publik dan mengapa nilai publik menjadi daya tarik manajer publik. Bab ketiga menjelaskan tentang prinsip prinsip public value management dan bagaimana prinsip prinsip tersebut berbeda dengan prinsip prinsip administrasi publik tradisional dan manajemen publik baru. Bab keempat memaparkanperan manajer publik dalam kreasi nilai publik. Bab kelima menjelaskan berbagai indikator dan metode pengukuran nilai publik dalam public value management.. Bab keenam memaparkan implikasi public value management pada pengukuran kinerja pelayanan publik. Bab jetujuh berisi beberapa kasus penerapan pendekatan public value management untuk pengukuran kinerja pelayanan publik. Harapan kami buku ini bisa memberi pemikiran baru dan segar bagi para ilmuwan dan praktisi manajemen publik dalam mengembangkan cara cara baru mengelola pelayanan publik, khususnya Indonesia.
Mendekode Notasi SMILES: Ekstraksi Fitur dan Prediksi dengan Machine Learning
Authors: Ratnawati Dian Eka , Marjono M , Widodo W , Anam Syaiful
Published: February 2024

Buku ini menawarkan wawasan mendalam ke dalam dunia kimia komputasi dan aplikasi notasi SMILES. Penulis memandu pembaca melalui perjalanan yang komprehensif, dimulai dari pemahaman dasar notasi SMILES hingga teknik mendekode notasi ini. Selain itu, buku ini menguraikan bagaimana Machine Learning, khususnya pendekatan Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) dan Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi fungsi aktif dari senyawa kimia berdasarkan notasi SMILES. Pembaca akan menemukan rincian tentang ekstraksi fitur, perhitungan fitur, dan bagaimana normalisasi memengaruhi performansi prediksi. Buku ini juga secara khusus mengenalkan parameter utama PSO, yaitu bobot inersia Modified SAIW dan koefisien akselerasi Modified SBAC, yang sangat memengaruhi kinerja PSO menjadi lebih baik. Buku ini juga mencakup berbagai studi kasus dan uji performansi yang membandingkan pendekatan PSO-ELM dengan algoritma machine Learning lainnya. Dengan begitu, buku ini menjadi panduan yang sangat berguna bagi para peneliti dan ilmuwan yang tertarik dalam menggali potensi notasi SMILES dan machine Learning dalam kimia komputasi.
Kegawatdaruratan dan Life Support: Modal Dasar sebagai Dokter
Authors: Asmoro Aswoco Andyk
Published: February 2024

Perkembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi saat ini sangat pesat, menuntut tenaga kesehatan untuk selalu beradaptasi dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan terbaru. Kondisi dan letak geografis Indonesia yang terdiri dari kepulauan menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi tercapainya pemerataan layanan, standardisasi tenaga kesehatan dan sarana prasarananya. Pentingnya materi buku ini didasari pengalaman penulis. Kebutuhan materi pembelajaran pada saat menempuh Pendidikan Dokter dan Dokter Spesialis Anestesiologi dan Reanimasi. Pengabdian pada saat melayani masyarakat di kaki Gunung Ijen dengan status PTT hingga sebagai PNS mulai dari Puskesmas sampai RS di Kota Kabupaten. Profesi yang dijalani penulis sejak Dokter Umum di Puskesmas, Kesatuan Dephankam TNI-AL hingga saat ini sebagai Staf Dosen FK Universitas Brawijaya dan Tenaga Fungsional Dokter Spesialis Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar tidak terlepas dari situasi kegawatdaruratan selama bekerja dalam melayani penderita mulai dari pra, selama, hingga pascaoperasi serta merawat penderita di ruang Terapi Intensif. Buku ini disusun terdiri dari tiga belas bagian; pertama berisi tentang penilaian respirasi, kedua mengenai gagal napas, ketiga cairan tubuh, keempat tentang elektrolit, kelima transfusi darah, keenam manajemen syok, ketujuh manajemen nyeri, kedelapan farmakologi dan kegunaan klinis obat analgesik, kesembilan anastesi lokal, kesepuluh reaksi anafilaksis, kesebelas basic life support (Bantuan Hidup Dasar), kedua belas resusitasi pada neonatus, dan bagian ketiga belas menjelaskan tentang SPGDT (Sistem Penanggulangan Gawat Darurat Terpadu). Bahan yang tersaji dalam buku ini disusun lebih terstruktur, berurutan dan berkelompok sehingga dapat membantu pembaca khusunya mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter lebih mudah untuk mencapai kompetensi kegawatdaruratan sesuai SKDI (Standar Kompetensi Dokter Indonesia) yang materinya tersebar di berbagai area Sistem Organ dan Ketrampilan Klinis.
Pemantauan Bumi dengan Google Earth Engine
Authors: Sianturi Riswan Septriayadi
Published: February 2024

Pemantauan bumi menjadi semakin penting ditengah tingginya kebutuhan informasi atas perubahan lingkungan dan pengelolaan sumber daya alam. Buku “Pemantauan Bumi dengan Google Earth Engine” ini sangat relevan untuk mereka yang ingin memanfaatkan EE untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemantauan bumi dengan data spasial berukuran besar (big spatial data). Google Earth Engine (GEE) adalah platform yang telah membantu menyediakan wawasan mendalam atas dinamika di permukaan bumi bagi pemerintah, peneliti, dan praktisi di berbagai bidang. Buku ini memberikan pemahaman awal terkait langkah praktis penggunaan GEE untuk analisis spasial dan temporal. Pembaca ditunjukkan cara mendapatkan akses terhadap platform, katalog data, dan sumber daya pendidikan EE yang tersedia. Pembaca dikenalkan pada berbagai konsep seperti pendekatan spasial-temporal, penginderaan jauh, sistem informasi geografi, dan dasar-dasar JavaScript yang diperlukan untuk bekerja dengan GEE. Pembaca diajak untuk mengelola, melakukan manipulasi, dan memvisualisasikan data raster dan vektor. Lebih jauh, buku ini membahas penerapan berbagai teknik analisis spasial dan temporal dengan GEE, seperti statistik zonal, deret waktu, deteksi anomali, serta klasifikasi tersupervisi dan tidak tersupervisi. Setelah membaca buku ini, pembaca diharapkan memiliki kompetensi dasar dalam menggunakan GEE untuk menghasilkan informasi yang dapat mendukung pengambilan keputusan berkelanjutan yang didasarkan atas pemahaman dinamika yang terjadi di permukaan bumi.
A presença do alemão na paisagem linguística de uma cidade do interior de SP: discussão, aplicação e possibilidades pedagógicas
Authors: Dini Nádia Cristina
Published: February 2024

A Paisagem Linguística, área de pesquisa relativamente recente, trata da forma escrita das línguas visível no espaço público. A metodologia de coleta de dados engloba fotografar e documentar os diferentes tipos de suporte, de línguas e suas funções no espaço urbano. As pesquisas em Paisagem Linguística geralmente consideram a presença simultânea de várias línguas ou variedades e sua relação umas com as outras, porém, dentro da abordagem denominada Spot German, não necessariamente utilizada com fins acadêmicos, a coleta de dados pode ser realizada com um objetivo específico, sem documentação de todos os sinais visíveis. Assim, neste artigo, discorro sobre as características, definições e diferenças entre as abordagens e apresento brevemente as possíveis fontes de coleta de dados com base em pesquisas realizadas em diversos países. Além disso, trago como exemplo de aplicação a língua alemã em sua relação com o espaço próximo a um colégio alemão e sua possível influência na paisagem linguística da cidade na qual se encontra. Por fim, apresento possibilidades pedagógicas para explorar a paisagem linguística no ensino de línguas, que oferece oportunidade de investigar a relação da cidade e das pessoas com as línguas do entorno, da mesma forma que apresenta inúmeras entradas para exploração didática.
Filoctetes, de Sófocles a Heiner Müller
Authors: Lasch Markus
Published: February 2024

O artigo aborda os dramas acerca do herói grego, herdeiro das armas de Héracles, concebidos por Sófocles e Heiner Müller. No que concerne à tragédia grega, a relação com o ritual sacrificial pelos estudos de Walter Burkert dá o ensejo a uma leitura alternativa da fala final, ex machina, de Héracles e, com isso, de término e sentido do drama. No caso de Müller, discute-se, para além de diferenças e continuidades em relação ao modelo grego, a atualidade da peça em tempos de encruzilhada.
Jennifer’s Body: a indústria cinematográfica do terror a representação da mulher
Authors: Privatti Júlia Loureiro
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo tecer uma análise acerca da maneira com que a indústria cinematográfica do terror colabora no processo de construção da imagem da mulher e como isso pode influenciar a questão da “igualdade de gênero”. Para observar-se o fenômeno citado, um estudo de caso do filme “Jennifer’s Body” é constituído a fim de se notar, por meio da sua repercussão em dois períodos diferentes, a questão em torno da representação das mulheres, bem como a dificuldade de se inserir no mercado cinematográfico longa metragens que fujam da ideologia existente de como realizar essa representação. Conclui-se, diante o cenário de promoção dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) desenvolvidos pela ONU em que um dos pontos levantados é o da “igualdade de gênero” que essa análise é de suma importância social.
A abertura de zonas de hospitalidade e escuta para migrantes nas imagens de Border (2004) e Purple Sea (2020)
Authors: Borges Silva Felipe , Salgueiro Marques Angela Cristina
Published: February 2024

Na emergência de um ato sobrevivente, as diretoras de Purple Sea (2020) e Border (2004), produziram documentários sobre o atravessamento das fronteiras, o primeiro em um naufrágio no Mar Mediterrâneo e o segundo entre a França e a Inglaterra. Nas sequências nas quais o som torna-se diegético, é possível escutar os gritos de desespero dos refugiados seja devido ao desespero da deriva em alto mar ou à caça constante dos policiais de fronteira dos países em interromper essa travessia. Esse som que reverbera um pedido de ajuda vem acompanhado de uma demanda ética que não se confunde com a voz. É um apelo que transmite uma precariedade e exige uma reposta. O rosto de Emmanuel Lévinas expressa o acolhimento e a abertura irrestrita ao estrangeiro que aparece diante de nós. Dessa proposição, é possível entender como os conceitos de hospitalidade, de Marie-José Mondzain, e não-violência, de Judith Butler, podem deslocar o nosso olhar para uma escuta dessa alteridade que pede mais do que ajuda: clama por outra visibilidade, legibilidade e consideração de vidas precárias.
A geoliteratura em Redenir dos Santos: um olhar sobre o território arraiano
Authors: Rodrigues Domingos da Costa
Published: February 2024

Arraias, um portal para o além, obra ficticia de Redenir dos Santos, trae una narración que nos
parece fantástica, pero que el autor afirma categóricamente que trata de hechos reales. Al mismo tiempo, discute hechos históricos y geográficos que fueron decisivos para la formación actual del territorio de Arraias, municipio del Estado de Tocan tins. En torno a la saga familiar del niño Deco, Redenir logra caracterizar los sujetos y sus imaginarios, los paisajes y lugares de la cotidianidad arraiana, dejando uno de los mejores testimonios, en prosa, de las realidades sociales, simbólicas y cultur
ales del territorio de los al sureste de Tocantins.
A Cartografia existencial da juventude rural
Authors: Gonçalves Franciane Prado , Soares Juliana Abadia do Prado
Published: February 2024

The present work aims to present a bibliographic review on "Existential Cartography" and "Rural Youth". It a ims to think about rural youth from existential cartography. This discussion is an integral part of the doctoral thesis, “Cartography of rural youth: an investigation in the municipality of Rio Verde-GO . (In progress), therefore, we seek to present a theoretic al discussion about the theme, still under construction. For this purpose, national and internationa l bibliographies were used, using
geographic science in the agrarian line and rural sociology from several universities.
Educação musical humanizadora como prática de libertação
Authors: Galon Mariana , Dutra Pedro
Published: February 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir criticamente sobre a práxis educativa musical, visando a humanização à partir do reconhecimento da alteridade, da busca pela conscientização e, consequentemente, a libertação. As considerações apresentadas neste trabalho baseiam-se em autores latino-americanos da Educação Popular, dentre outros. Na primeira parte, foram apresentados elementos teóricos que contribuem para a compreensão de como o projeto colonial e moderno resultou em uma condição de desvalorização e negação de povos colocados à margem de tal projeto, assim como seus projetos históricos, culturas, religiões e epistemologias. Ainda nesta primeira parte exploramos questões relacionadas à desumanização e à humanização. Além disso, foi discutido o papel da educação como um caminho para a libertação. Na segunda parte, abordamos o conceito de educação musical humanizadora e sua relevância como ferramenta de libertação.
La música para la catequización de “indios” de los Cantares mexicanos
Authors: Oliveira Sara Lelis de
Published: February 2024

Los Cantares mexicanos, cancionero resguardado en la Biblioteca Nacional de México, constituyen una de las fuentes musicales novohispanas que confirman la importancia de la música para la catequización de “indios” tras la caída de Tenochtitlan y Tlatelolco (1521). La escritura de sus composiciones en náhuatl clásico únicamente en letras latinas, empero, sin el respectivo traslado de su musicalidad a la notación musical del Occidente, obstaculiza el conocimiento acerca del complejo sonoro del cual se valieron los misioneros y nativos aculturados para facilitar y/o tornar más atrayente la asimilación del dios cristiano y otras entidades de la religión católica. En este artículo, se expondrán hipótesis hacia la reconstitución de la sonoridad de este corpus a partir de dos indicaciones musicales presentes en el manuscrito: los neologismos teponazcuicatl o “cantos al toque del teponaztli” y melahuac cuicatl o “cantos llanos”.
Calcium Signaling in Airway Epithelial Cells: Current Understanding and Implications for Inflammatory Airway Disease
Authors: Jairaman Amit , Prakriya Murali
Published: February 2024

Airway epithelial cells play an indispensable role in protecting the lung from inhaled pathogens and allergens by releasing an array of mediators that orchestrate inflammatory and immune responses when confronted with harmful environmental triggers. While this process is undoubtedly important for containing the effects of various harmful insults, dysregulation of the inflammatory response can cause lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. A key cellular mechanism that underlies the inflammatory responses in the airway is calcium signaling, which stimulates the production and release of chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins from the airway epithelium. In this review, we discuss the role of major Ca
2+
signaling pathways found in airway epithelial cells and their contributions to airway inflammation, mucociliary clearance, and surfactant production. We highlight the importance of store-operated Ca
2+
entry as a major signaling hub in these processes and discuss therapeutic implications of targeting Ca
2+
signaling for airway inflammation.
ANGPTL3
Downregulation Increases Intracellular Lipids by Reducing Energy Utilization
Authors: Pennisi Grazia , Maurotti Samantha , Ciociola Ester , Jamialahmadi Oveis , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Mirarchi Angela , Bergh Per-Olof , Scionti Francesca , Mancina Rosellina M. , Spagnuolo Rocco , Tripodo Claudio , Boren Jan , Petta Salvatore , Romeo Stefano
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

ANGPTL3 (angiopoietin-like protein 3) is a circulating protein with a key role in maintaining lipoprotein homeostasis. A monoclonal antibody against ANGPTL3 is an approved and well-tolerated treatment to reduce lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia homozygotes. However, the reduction of hepatic ANGPTL3 synthesis using an antisense oligonucleotide unexpectedly resulted in a dose-dependent increase in liver lipid content and circulating transaminases, resulting in the termination of the clinical trial. Meanwhile, the use of silencing RNAs remains an area of active investigation. Our study sought to investigate whether intracellular downregulation of ANGPTL3 may lead to a primary increase in neutral lipids within the hepatocyte.

METHODS:

We downregulated
ANGPTL3
by silencing RNA in primary human hepatocytes 3-dimensional spheroids, HepG2/LX-2 3-dimensional spheroids, and in HepG2, Hep3B2, and Huh7 cultured in 2 dimensions.

RESULTS:

ANGPTL3 downregulation increased neutral lipids in all models investigated. Interestingly, ANGPTL3 induced lower intracellular deiodinase type 1 protein levels resulting in a reduction in beta-oxidation and causing an increase in triglycerides stored in lipid droplets.

CONCLUSIONS:

In conclusion, intracellular
ANGPTL3
downregulation by silencing RNA led to an increase in triglycerides content due to a reduction in energy substrate utilization resembling a primary intracellular hepatocyte hypothyroidism.
TF-FVIIa PAR2-β-Arrestin Signaling Sustains Organ Dysfunction in Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Mice
Authors: Kespohl Meike , Goetzke Carl Christoph , Althof Nadine , Bredow Clara , Kelm Nicolas , Pinkert Sandra , Bukur Thomas , Bukur Valesca , Grunz Kristin , Kaur Dilraj , Heuser Arnd , Mülleder Michael , Sauter Martina , Klingel Karin , Weiler Hartmut , Berndt Nikolaus , Gaida Matthias M. , Ruf Wolfram , Beling Antje
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:

Accumulating evidence implicates the activation of G-protein–coupled PARs (protease-activated receptors) by coagulation proteases in the regulation of innate immune responses.

METHODS:

Using mouse models with genetic alterations of the PAR2 signaling platform, we have explored contributions of PAR2 signaling to infection with coxsackievirus B3, a single-stranded RNA virus provoking multiorgan tissue damage, including the heart.

RESULTS:

We show that PAR2 activation sustains correlates of severe morbidity—hemodynamic compromise, aggravated hypothermia, and hypoglycemia—despite intact control of the virus. Following acute viral liver injury, canonical PAR2 signaling impairs the restoration process associated with exaggerated type I IFN (interferon) signatures in response to viral RNA recognition. Metabolic profiling in combination with proteomics of liver tissue shows PAR2-dependent reprogramming of liver metabolism, increased lipid droplet storage, and gluconeogenesis. PAR2-sustained hypodynamic compromise, reprograming of liver metabolism, as well as imbalanced IFN responses are prevented in β-arrestin coupling-deficient PAR2 C-terminal phosphorylation mutant mice. Thus, wiring between upstream proteases and immune-metabolic responses results from biased PAR2 signaling mediated by intracellular recruitment of β-arrestin. Importantly, blockade of the TF (tissue factor)-FVIIa (coagulation factor VIIa) complex capable of PAR2 proteolysis with the NAPc2 (nematode anticoagulant protein c2) mitigated virus-triggered pathology, recapitulating effects seen in protease cleavage-resistant PAR2 mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data provide insights into a TF-FVIIa signaling axis through PAR2-β-arrestin coupling that is a regulator of inflammation-triggered tissue repair and hemodynamic compromise in coxsackievirus B3 infection and can potentially be targeted with selective coagulation inhibitors.
The effects of state presence on the mental mapping of security: Evidence from an experiment in Kashmir
Authors: Biberman Yelena , Mann Christopher B
Published: February 2024

What is the relationship between governance and security? What impact, if any, does state presence have on civilians’ perceptions of security in militarized conflict zones? The existing literature suggests that government control over a restive region means order and security for the local population. We propose a ‘mental mapping’ framework for the relationship between state presence and security perceptions in militarized ethnic peripheries, drawing on prior research in urban planning about how attitudes are shaped by living environments. We use a survey experiment to measure the effect of the physical presence of government institutions on civilians’ sense of how safe they imagine their city to be, demonstrating a mental mapping mechanism between the physical presence of the state and perceptions of safety. We show that residents who encounter images of state institutions on a map of Srinagar – the largest city and summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India – are more likely to perceive their city as less secure than those who encounter a map without images or a placebo map. This experimental evidence implies that government security presence is not always perceived as security by the civilian population.
Distal Tibial Allograft for the Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Bone Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Manjot , Byrne Rory , Chang Kenny , Nadella Akash , Kutschke Michael , Callanan Tucker , Owens Brett D.
Published: February 2024

Background:

The use of a distal tibial allograft (DTA) for reconstruction of a glenoid defect in anterior shoulder instability has grown significantly over the past decade. However, few large-scale clinical studies have investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the DTA procedure.

Purpose:

To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies with data on outcomes and complications in patients who underwent the DTA procedure for recurrent anterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of major bibliographic databases was conducted for articles pertaining to the use of a DTA for the management of anterior shoulder instability with associated glenoid bone loss. Postoperative complications and outcomes were extracted and compiled in a meta-analysis.

Results:

Of the 8 included studies with 329 total participants, the mean patient age was 28.1 ± 10.8 years, 192 (83.8%) patients were male, and the mean follow-up was 38.4 ± 20.5 months. The overall complication rate was 7.1%, with hardware complications (3.8%) being the most common. Partial graft resorption was observed in 36.5% of the participants. Recurrent subluxation was reported in 1.2% of the participants, and recurrent dislocation prompting a reoperation was noted in 0.3% of the participants. There were significant improvements in clinical outcomes, including American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (40.9-point increase; P < .01), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (47.2-point increase; P < .01), Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (49.4-point decrease; P < .01), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (20.0-point decrease; P = .03), and visual analog scale (2.1-point decrease; P = .05). Additionally, postoperative shoulder range of motion significantly increased from baseline values.

Conclusion:

The DTA procedure was associated with a low complication rate, good clinical outcomes, and improved range of motion among patients with anterior shoulder instability and associated glenoid defects.
Step by step enhancement of aesthetics for distal phalangeal prosthetic replacement using neoteric stamp technique: A case report
Authors: Saroya Komal Kaur , Kumar Vishal , Sharma Surbhi , Kalsi Sonam
Published: February 2024

This case study delineates the proficient creation of a silicone finger prosthesis, tailored for a patient contending with partial digit amputation. The prosthesis was devised with the overarching goal of reinstating not only the physiological dexterity of the hand but also its aesthetic integrity and the patient’s psychological equilibrium. The crafting process entailed a meticulous technique to replicate the intricate texture of the skin in order to guarantee a near normal appearance. Post-prosthesis integration, the patient exhibited enhancements in manual functionality and articulated a heightened self-assuredness because of the indiscernible prosthesis. This illustrative case underscores the efficacy of silicone finger prosthetics in conferring both functional and aesthetic restitution to those afflicted with partial digit amputations.
Dancers Show More Accurate Trunk-Pelvic Joint Angle Reproduction While Wearing a Jacket Augmented With Elastic Bands
Authors: Hackney James , Wilcoxon Sarah , Tallerico Jon , Palmer Matthew , Waltz Ashleigh , Stringer Kyle , Hall Andrew
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The Backalast® compression jacket is intended to improve posture and proprioception of the trunk and shoulder girdle for dancers and dance students during dance training by way of elastic bands in the rear of the garment (which include bands enclosing the inferior thorax). This study was intended to investigate whether there is evidence to support those objectives. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dance students participated (4 male, mean age 19.9 ± 1.4 years old). The dependent variables of trunk-pelvis angle and proximity of trunk axis to global vertical for each participant were measured using optical motion capture before and after the completion of a series of trunk movements. The Helen Hayes model, which we used to represent the trunk, includes the shoulder girdles as part of the trunk. We compared the effect of the type of garment (Backalast® or control compression shirt) worn upon the 2 dependent variables, within-subject with paired t-tests. The order of whether Backalast® or control compression shirt was worn first was alternated between participants. Results: The pre/posttest difference in trunk proprioception as represented by the construct of ability to reproduce trunk-pelvis angle wearing the Backalast® was 0.8° ± 0.8°, but for the control shirt, the difference was 1.8° ± 1.4°, P = .03. The difference between garments in vertical trunk alignment, measured after the series of trunk movements, was not significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the Backalast® can help enhance trunk proprioception when compared to the control compression shirt, although it did not change the angle at which the participants’ held their trunks while standing erect (proximity to global vertical).
FAST® questionnaire for identifying glaucoma patients at risk for ocular surface disease
Authors: Baudouin Christophe , Misiuk-Hojlo Marta , Benitez-Del-Castillo-Sanchez Jose Manuel , Clarke Jonathan , Anton Alfonso , Figueiredo Antonio , Thygesen John , Wierzbowska Joanna , Stalmans Ingeborg
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the validity and reliability of the new Fast Assessment of the Ocular Surface Trouble (FAST®) questionnaire for identifying glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients at risk of ocular surface disease (OSD).

Methods

A multicenter, international, cross-sectional, epidemiological survey evaluated the most accurate interview items and ocular signs on the initial 14-item version of FAST® to develop a shorter version for routine, quick clinical use. Rasch analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method was used to reduce the number of items on the questionnaire. Sensitivity and specificity of FAST® were assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the detection of OSD with the questionnaire and ophthalmic assessment.

Results

A total of 2308 eyes (1154 patients) were analyzed in this study by 92 ophthalmologists. The initial version of the FAST® indicated 60% of the subjects had OSD. Rasch analysis allowed removal of some clinical signs. The LASSO method allowed elimination of some items from the original questionnaire for a 9-item and a 6-item version of FAST®. For the 6-item questionnaire, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.9% and 74.3% respectively and the area under the curve was 0.815.

Conclusions

The FAST® questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for use in routine clinical practice and in clinical trials. The short versions of the questionnaire allow quick detection of the majority of patients with OHT or glaucoma at risk of dry eye.
The patient perspective on dose optimization for anticancer treatments: A new era of cancer drug dosing—Challenging the “more is better” dogma
Authors: Maués Julia , Loeser Anne , Cowden Janice , Johnson Sheila , Carlson Martha , Lee Shing
Published: February 2024

The Patient-Centered Dosing Initiative, a patient-led effort advocating for a paradigm shift in determining cancer drug dosing strategies, pioneers a departure from traditional oncology drug dosing practices. Historically, oncology drug dosing relies on identifying the maximum tolerated dose through phase 1 dose escalation methodology, favoring higher dosing for greater efficacy, often leading to higher toxicity. However, this approach is not universally applicable, especially for newer treatments like targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Patient-Centered Dosing Initiative challenges this “more is better” ethos, particularly as metastatic breast cancer patients themselves, as they not only seek longevity but also a high quality of life since most metastatic breast cancer patients stay on treatment for the rest of their lives. Surveying 1221 metastatic breast cancer patients and 119 oncologists revealed an evident need for flexible dosing strategies, advocating personalized care discussions based on patient attributes. The survey results also demonstrated an openness toward flexible dosing and a willingness from both patients and clinicians to discuss dosing as part of their care. Patient-centered dosing emphasizes dialogue between clinicians and patients, delving into treatment efficacy-toxicity trade-offs. Similarly, clinical trial advocacy for multiple dosing regimens encourages adaptive strategies, moving away from strict adherence to maximum tolerated dose, supported by recent research in optimizing drug dosages. Recognizing the efficacy-effectiveness gap between clinical trials and real-world practice, Patient-Centered Dosing Initiative underscores the necessity for patient-centered dosing strategies. A focus on individual patient attributes aligns with initiatives like Project Optimus and Project Renewal, aiming to optimize drug dosages for improved treatment outcomes at both the pre- and post-approval phases. Patient-Centered Dosing Initiative’s efforts extend to patient education, providing tools to initiate dosage-related conversations with physicians. In addition, it emphasizes physician-patient dialogues and post-marketing studies as essential in determining optimal dosing and refining drug regimens. A dose-finding paradigm prioritizing drug safety, tolerability, and efficacy benefits all stakeholders, reducing emergency care needs and missed treatments for patients, aligning with oncologists’ and patients’ shared goals. Importantly, it represents a win-win scenario across healthcare sectors. In summary, the Patient-Centered Dosing Initiative drives transformative changes in cancer drug dosing, emphasizing patient well-being and personalized care, aiming to enhance treatment outcomes and optimize oncology drug delivery.
Finding place in Northeast and Southeast Asia: Collective memory construction of the marginalized, disenfranchised, and dislocated
Authors: McCarthy Mary M
Published: February 2024

This introductory article presents the frame and impetus for our special issue on collective memory construction of the marginalized, disenfranchised, and dislocated in Northeast and Southeast Asia. The objective of this article is to showcase this collection as in dialogue and to draw out some of the common themes, including speaking from the margins, the gatekeepers of public memory, the geopolitics of commemoration, and the ongoing negotiation in domestic and international spaces for control of the historical narrative.
Assessment of Factors Associated With Anti-Tubercular Treatment Compliance in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gao Lihong , Luo Biru
Published: February 2024

Objective. This study aims to investigate compliance and the influencing factors related to pediatric tuberculosis patients who are undergoing treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs in the Sichuan Province of China. Methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted between March 2019 and March 2021. The survey was distributed to caregivers of children aged 0 to 14 who had been diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. These children had been receiving oral anti-tuberculosis drug treatment for more than 1 month. The survey was administered at the pediatric infection departments of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, and The First People’s Hospital of Ganzi Prefecture. Results. The study revealed a notable lack of medication adherence among the pediatric patients. Through multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that several factors played a role in influencing medication adherence among children with tuberculosis. These factors include the educational level of the parents, the frequency of daily anti-tuberculosis drug prescriptions, and the parents’ comprehension of the disease. All of these factors showed statistically significant influence on medication adherence among pediatric tuberculosis patients (all P < .05). Conclusion. In order to enhance adherence among pediatric patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment, it is imperative to focus on reinforcing health education, particularly for parents with lower educational attainment and limited understanding of the disease.
Tempered Expectations: A Tutorial for Calculating and Interpreting Prediction Intervals in the Context of Replications
Authors: Spence Jeffrey R. , Stanley David J.
Published: February 2024

Over the last decade, replication research in the psychological sciences has become more visible. One way that replication research can be conducted is to compare the results of the replication study with the original study to look for consistency, that is to say, to evaluate whether the original study is “replicable.” Unfortunately, many popular and readily accessible methods for ascertaining replicability, such as comparing significance levels across studies or eyeballing confidence intervals, are generally ill suited to the task of comparing results across studies. To address this issue, we present the prediction interval as a statistic that is effective for determining whether a replication study is inconsistent with the original study. We review the statistical rationale for prediction intervals, demonstrate hand calculations, and provide a walkthrough using an R package for obtaining prediction intervals for means, d values, and correlations. To aid the effective adoption of prediction intervals, we provide guidance on the correct interpretation of results when using prediction intervals in replication research.
Enhanced heat transfer analysis on Ag-Al$$_{2}$$O$$_{3}$$/water hybrid magneto-convective nanoflow
Authors: Ragavi M. , Poornima T.
Published: February 2024

The primary goal of this investigation is to examine the heat and flow characteristics of a hybrid nanofluid consisting of silver (Ag) and aluminum oxide (Al$$_{2}$$

2

O$$_{3})$$

3

)

nanoparticles over an unsteady radially stretching sheet embedded in porous medium. The investigation is conducted under the influence of several key parameters, namely joule heating, viscous dissipation, porous, slip, and suction. The technique of similarity transformations is used to transform the governing system of PDEs into nonlinear ODEs and the bvp4c solver is used to solve them numerically. The present study examines the influence of sphere and platelet shape nanoparticles on the temperature and velocity profiles. The outcomes are discussed through graphs and tables. A rise in the porous, slip, and suction parameters makes the velocity profile decrease gradually. The temperature escalates when Biot number, magnetic parameter, and Eckert number increase. As compared to sphere shapes, platelet-shaped nanoparticles exhibit the greatest heat transfer and flow. Results reveal that by using Ag-Al$$_{2}$$

2

O$$_{3}$$

3

/H$$_{2}$$

2

O hybrid nanofluid with a volume fraction of 5%, the heat transfer enhancement of platelet shape nanoparticles increased by 11.88% than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. Overall, the platelet shape of nanoparticles offers distinctive advantages in various engineering applications, primarily due to their large surface area, anisotropic properties, and tunable surface chemistry. These properties make them versatile tools for improving the performance of materials and systems in engineering fields. The findings can contribute to the design and optimization of nanofluid-based systems in various engineering applications, such as heat exchangers, microfluidics, and energy conversion devices.
PRFect: a tool to predict programmed ribosomal frameshifts in prokaryotic and viral genomes
Authors: McNair Katelyn , Salamon Peter , Edwards Robert A. , Segall Anca M.
Published: February 2024

Background

One of the stranger phenomena that can occur during gene translation is where, as a ribosome reads along the mRNA, various cellular and molecular properties contribute to stalling the ribosome on a slippery sequence and shifting the ribosome into one of the other two alternate reading frames. The alternate frame has different codons, so different amino acids are added to the peptide chain. More importantly, the original stop codon is no longer in-frame, so the ribosome can bypass the stop codon and continue to translate the codons past it. This produces a longer version of the protein, a fusion of the original in-frame amino acids, followed by all the alternate frame amino acids. There is currently no automated software to predict the occurrence of these programmed ribosomal frameshifts (PRF), and they are currently only identified by manual curation.

Results

Here we present PRFect, an innovative machine-learning method for the detection and prediction of PRFs in coding genes of various types. PRFect combines advanced machine learning techniques with the integration of multiple complex cellular properties, such as secondary structure, codon usage, ribosomal binding site interference, direction, and slippery site motif. Calculating and incorporating these diverse properties posed significant challenges, but through extensive research and development, we have achieved a user-friendly approach. The code for PRFect is freely available, open-source, and can be easily installed via a single command in the terminal. Our comprehensive evaluations on diverse organisms, including bacteria, archaea, and phages, demonstrate PRFect’s strong performance, achieving high sensitivity, specificity, and an accuracy exceeding 90%. The code for PRFect is freely available and installs with a single terminal command.

Conclusion

PRFect represents a significant advancement in the field of PRF detection and prediction, offering a powerful tool for researchers and scientists to unravel the intricacies of programmed ribosomal frameshifting in coding genes.
The risk factors associated with post-transplantation BKPyV nephropathy and BKPyV DNAemia: a prospective study in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Lorant Camilla , Zigmantaviciute Justina , Ali Naima , Bonnevier Ursa , Tejde Mattias , von Zur-Mühlen Bengt , Eriksson Britt-Marie , Bergqvist Anders , Westman Gabriel
Published: February 2024

Background

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection after kidney transplantation can lead to serious complications such as BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) and graft loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of BKPyVAN after implementing a BKPyV screening program, to map the distribution of BKPyV genotypes and subtypes in the Uppsala-Örebro region and to identify host and viral risk factors for clinically significant events.

Methods

This single-center prospective cohort study included kidney transplant patients aged ≥ 18 years at the Uppsala University Hospital in Sweden between 2016 and 2018. BKPyV DNA was analyzed in plasma and urine every 3 months until 18 months after transplantation. Also genotype and subtype were determined. A logistic regression model was used to analyze selected risk factors including recipient sex and age, AB0 incompatibility and rejection treatment prior to BKPyVAN or high-level BKPyV DNAemia.

Results

In total, 205 patients were included. Of these, 151 (73.7%) followed the screening protocol with 6 plasma samples, while184 (89.8%) were sampled at least 5 times. Ten (4.9%) patients developed biopsy confirmed BKPyVAN and 33 (16.1%) patients met criteria for high-level BKPyV DNAemia. Male sex (OR 2.85, p = 0.025) and age (OR 1.03 per year, p = 0.020) were identified as significant risk factors for developing BKPyVAN or high-level BKPyV DNAemia. BKPyVAN was associated with increased viral load at 3 months post transplantation (82,000 vs. < 400 copies/mL; p = 0.0029) and with transient, high-level DNAemia (n = 7 (27%); p < 0.0001). The most common genotypes were subtype Ib2 (n = 50 (65.8%)) and IVc2 (n = 20 (26.3%)).

Conclusions

Male sex and increasing age are related to an increased risk of BKPyVAN or high-level BKPyV DNAemia. BKPyVAN is associated with transient, high-level DNAemia but no differences related to viral genotype were detected.
Recurrence of macular edema in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion: a proteomic study
Authors: Liu Yin , Wang Xiaohu , Sheng Yonghong , Jin Haili , Han Linfeng , Xu Jun , Fu Qingqing , Liu Jing , Ji Feng , Ding He , Xu Xiaochen , Wu KunChao , Zhang Pengfei , Wang Guoping
Published: February 2024

Background

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a common retinal vascular disease leading to severe vision loss and blindness. This study aimed to investigate and reveal the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying macular edema (ME) recurrence in patients with BRVO through a proteomic approach.

Methods

We detected proteins in the aqueous humor of 14 untreated, four refractory, and four post-operative patients with BRVO-ME and 12 age-matched cataract controls using four-dimensional label-free proteomic and bioinformatics analyses.

Results

In total, 84 proteins exhibited significant differential expression between the BRVO and control samples (fold change [FC] ≥ 1.2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05). Compared to the control group, 43 and 41 proteins were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the BRVO group. These proteins were involved in cell adhesion, visual perception, retina homeostasis, and platelet activation. Several significantly enriched signaling pathways included complement and coagulation cascades and platelet activation. In the protein–protein interaction networks generated using the search tool for retrieval of interacting genes (STRING), the fibrinogen alpha chain and fibrinogen beta chain constituted a tightly connected cluster. Many common protein expression trends, such as the fibrinogen alpha chain and fibrinogen beta chain, were observed in both the recurrent and refractory groups. Differentially expressed proteins in the two groups were involved in complement activation, acute-phase response, platelet activation, and platelet aggregation. Important signaling pathways include the complement and coagulation cascades, and platelet activation. Protein–protein interaction analysis suggested that the fibrinogen alpha chain and fibrinogen beta chain constituted a tightly connected cluster. The expression of some differentially expressed proteins shared by the BRVO and the recurrent and refractory groups was reversed in the post-operative group.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to analyze the proteomics of recurrent, refractory, and post-operative groups treated for BRVO-ME, and may potentially provide novel therapeutic interventions for the recurrence of ME.
Factors associated with stress among pregnant women with a second child in Hunan province under China’s two-child policy: a mixed-method study
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Huang Ruirui , Lei Jun , Liu Yongrong , Liu Dan
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of pregnancy stress and to explore factors associated with pregnancy stress among women by China’s two-child policy.

Methods

A mixed-method study involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The questionnaires encompassed socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, as well as the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS) and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Initially, the participants were required to complete the questionnaires, enabling us to assess their respective pregnancy stress statuses. Subsequently, we selectively interviewed pregnant women with a second child and exhibited at least mild pregnancy stress. The qualitative study sought to uncover the factors contributing to their stress during pregnancy.

Results

A total of 463 subjects were enrolled; of the subjects, 22 (4.8%) had no stress, 407 (87.9%) had mild stress, 34 (7.3%) had moderate stress. Generalized linear regression analysis revealed significant factors (P<0.05) related to pregnancy stress, including family financial burden, subjective support, fertility desire, gender of the first child, and gender preference. Additionally, 16 subjects were interviewed, and through analysis, three major themes emerged, each comprising 12 sub-themes associated with pregnancy stress. These themes were identified as fertility factors (worry about maternal and child health, birth experience, and parenting stress), family factors ( financial burden, second child care problems, first child’s acceptance of the second child, family concerns, fertility desire, and gender preference) and social factors (involving life events, career development and workload).

Conclusion

The diver factors contribute to pregnancy stress among pregnant women under China’s two-child policy. Our study could be used to develop appropriate interventions to reduce pregnancy stress and to enhance the mental health of women pregnant with a second child.
Pulmonary salivary gland tumor–hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma: a literature review
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Hu Shumin , Lu Hongyang
Published: February 2024

Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a very rare lung tumor that accounts for less than 0.09% of all primary lung tumors and has no specific epidemiology. The correct diagnosis requires imaging, laboratory, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular examination. The most typical feature of pulmonary HCCC is the clear cell component with clear stroma. In addition, the fusion gene EWSR1::ATF1 due to t(12;22)(q13;q12) is essential for the pathological diagnosis of pulmonary HCCC. The main treatment for pulmonary HCCC is surgery. This review focus on the pathological features, immunohistochemical examination, mutation analysis and treatment of pulmonary HCCC.