bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lyapunov function and global asymptotic stability for a new multiscale viral dynamics model incorporating the immune system response: Implemented upon HCV
Authors: Elkaranshawy Hesham A. , Ezzat Hossam M. , Ibrahim Nermeen N.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a new mathematical model is formulated that describes the interaction between uninfected cells, infected cells, viruses, intracellular viral RNA, Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), and antibodies. Hence, the model contains certain biological relations that are thought to be key factors driving this interaction which allow us to obtain precise logical conclusions. Therefore, it improves our perception, that would otherwise not be possible, to comprehend the pathogenesis, to interpret clinical data, to control treatment, and to suggest new relations. This model can be used to study viral dynamics in patients for a wide range of infectious diseases like HIV, HPV, HBV, HCV, and Covid-19. Though, analysis of a new multiscale HCV model incorporating the immune system response is considered in detail, the analysis and results can be applied for all other viruses. The model utilizes a transformed multiscale model in the form of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and incorporates into it the interaction of the immune system. The role of CTLs and the role of antibody responses are investigated. The positivity of the solutions is proven, the basic reproduction number is obtained, and the equilibrium points are specified. The stability at the equilibrium points is analyzed based on the Lyapunov invariance principle. By using appropriate Lyapunov functions, the uninfected equilibrium point is proven to be globally asymptotically stable when the reproduction number is less than one and unstable otherwise. Global stability of the infected equilibrium points is considered, and it has been found that each equilibrium point has a specific domain of stability. Stability regions could be overlapped and a bistable equilibria could be found, which means the coexistence of two stable equilibrium points. Hence, the solution converges to one of them depending on the initial conditions.
Early-life exposure to Ivermectin alters long-term growth and disease susceptibility
Authors: McMahon Taegan A. , Fernandez-Denmark Shannon , Grim Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2021

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic medicine, which is often used as a treatment for parasites or as a prophylaxis. While studies have looked at the long-term effects of Ivermectin on helminths, studies have not considered the long-term impacts of this treatment on host health or disease susceptibility. Here, we tracked the effects of early life Ivermectin treatment in Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) on growth rates, mortality, metabolically expensive organ size, and susceptibility to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection. One year after exposure, there was no effect of Ivermectin exposure on frog mass (X21 = 0.904, p = 0.34), but when tracked through the exponential growth phase (~2.5 years) the Ivermectin exposed individuals had lower growth rates and were ultimately smaller (X21 = 7.78, p = 0.005; X21 = 5.36, p = 0.02, respectively). These results indicate that early life exposure is likely to have unintended impacts on organismal growth and potentially reproductive fitness. Additionally, we exposed frogs to Bd, a pathogenic fungus that has decimated amphibian populations globally, and found early life exposure to Ivermectin decreased disease susceptibility (disease load: X21 = 17.57, p = 0.0002) and prevalence (control: 55%; Ivermectin: 22%) over 2 years after exposure. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon. Given that Ivermectin exposure altered disease susceptibility, proper controls should be implemented when utilizing this drug as an antiparasitic treatment in research studies.
Low bone turnover is associated with plain X-ray vascular calcification in predialysis patients
Authors: Neto Ricardo , Pereira Luciano , Magalhães Juliana , Quelhas-Santos Janete , Frazão João
Published: October 2021

Background

Vascular calcification (VC) is a common finding in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and predicts subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population. Vascular calcification is linked to disordered mineral metabolism and has been associated with bone histomorphometry changes in CKD. However, data on predialysis patients is scarce.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 56 CKD patients not yet on dialysis, who underwent a transiliac bone biopsy for histomorphometric evaluation after double tetracycline labeling. Patients had no previous exposure to calcium salts, vitamin D agents, steroids or bisphosphonates. Vascular calcification was assessed at the time of biopsy, using Kauppila (plain X-ray of the lateral lumbar spine) and Adragão (plain X-ray of the pelvis and hands) scores.

Results

Vascular calcification was seen in two-thirds of the cohort. Subjects with VC were more likely to be male and have diabetes, and had significantly higher sclerostin and osteoprotegerin circulating levels than those without VC. The histomorphometric analysis showed that bone formation rate was significantly lower in VC compared to non-VC patients. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, bone formation rate was independently associated with the presence of VC.

Conclusions

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in predialysis patients, especially in those with diabetes. The independent association between bone formation rate and VC provides evidence of an important interaction between bone and vessel in CKD. Our results suggest that low bone turnover is a non-traditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease in predialysis patients.
Systematic media review: A novel method to assess mass-trauma epidemiology in absence of databases—A pilot-study in Rwanda
Authors: Velin Lotta , Donatien Mbonyintwari , Wladis Andreas , Nkeshimana Menelas , Riviello Robert , Uwitonze Jean-Marie , Byiringiro Jean-Claude , Ntirenganya Faustin , Pompermaier Laura
Published: October 2021

Objective

Surge capacity refers to preparedness of health systems to face sudden patient inflows, such as mass-casualty incidents (MCI). To strengthen surge capacity, it is essential to understand MCI epidemiology, which is poorly studied in low- and middle-income countries lacking trauma databases. We propose a novel approach, the “systematic media review”, to analyze mass-trauma epidemiology; here piloted in Rwanda.

Methods

A systematic media review of non-academic publications of MCIs in Rwanda between January 1st, 2010, and September 1st, 2020 was conducted using NexisUni, an academic database for news, business, and legal sources previously used in sociolegal research. All articles identified by the search strategy were screened using eligibility criteria. Data were extracted in a RedCap form and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Findings

Of 3187 articles identified, 247 met inclusion criteria. In total, 117 MCIs were described, of which 73 (62.4%) were road-traffic accidents, 23 (19.7%) natural hazards, 20 (17.1%) acts of violence/terrorism, and 1 (0.09%) boat collision. Of Rwanda’s 30 Districts, 29 were affected by mass-trauma, with the rural Western province most frequently affected. Road-traffic accidents was the leading MCI until 2017 when natural hazards became most common. The median number of injured persons per event was 11 (IQR 5–18), and median on-site deaths was 2 (IQR 1–6); with natural hazards having the highest median deaths (6 [IQR 2–18]).

Conclusion

In Rwanda, MCIs have decreased, although landslides/floods are increasing, preventing a decrease in trauma-related mortality. By training journalists in “mass-casualty reporting”, the potential of the “systematic media review” could be further enhanced, as a way to collect MCI data in settings without databases.
Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Predictors and association with life satisfaction, psychological well-being and coping strategies
Authors: Lopes Adriana Rezende , Nihei Oscar Kenji
Published: October 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic raises concerns about the mental health of the world population. Protection measures to prevention the disease impacted education and undergraduate students were exposed to additional stressors.

Objectives

Analyze depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in undergraduates, their respective predictors and the association with satisfaction with life, psychological well-being and coping strategies.

Methods

An online cross-sectional study was conducted from September 14 to October 19, 2020, involving undergraduate students enrolled in 33 courses from 5 public university campuses in the state of Parana, Brazil, using: questionnaire with sociodemographic, academic, health and pandemic effects variables; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS); Psychological Well-Being (PWB); BriefCOPE. The convenience sample was composed of 1,224 participants, with 18 years old or older, that completed all research instruments. Spearman correlation and logistic analysis (univariate and multivariate) were applied to the collected data.

Results

Most of the undergraduates presented symptoms of depression (60.5%), anxiety (52.5%) and stress (57.5%). Depression, anxiety and stress presented significant correlations in common: negative with satisfaction with life, all dimensions of psychological well-being, and 3 adaptive copings (active coping, planning, positive reframing); positive with 5 maladaptive copings (behavioral disengagement, denial, self-blame, self-distraction, substance use). In addition, there were 7 common predictors for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress: female; age 18–24 years old; having a chronic disease; lower scores in 2 dimensions of psychological well-being (positive relations with others, self-acceptance); higher scores in 2 maladaptive copings (self-blame, substance use).

Conclusions

The data indicate a high prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and suggest that higher scores of satisfaction with life, psychological well-being dimensions and adaptive copings may present protective effects in undergraduates during a pandemic crisis.
Longitudinal associations between hearing aid usage and cognition in community-dwelling Japanese older adults with moderate hearing loss
Authors: Sugiura Saiko , Nishita Yukiko , Uchida Yasue , Shimono Mariko , Suzuki Hirokazu , Teranishi Masaaki , Nakashima Tsutomu , Tange Chikako , Otsuka Rei , Ando Fujiko , Shimokata Hiroshi
Published: October 2021

We investigated the associations between hearing aids (HA) and the maintenance of cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults with moderate hearing loss. A total of 407 participants aged 60 years or older with moderate hearing loss were recruited from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study for Aging (NILS-LSA). Moderate hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone average of 40–69 dB at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz of the better ear, according to the definition proposed by the Japan Audiological Society. Cognitive function was evaluated using the four subtests of the Japanese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Short Forms (WAIS-R-SF): Information, Similarities, Picture completion, and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST). A longitudinal analysis of 1192 observations with a mean follow-up period of 4.5 ± 3.9 years was performed. The HA use rate at any time during the follow-up period was 31.4%, and HA users were significantly younger (t-test, p = 0.001), had worse hearing (p < .0001) and higher education (p = 0.001), participated more frequently in the survey (p < .0001), and were less depressed (χ2 test, p = 0.003) than the older adults not using HA. General linear mixed models consisted of the fixed effects of HA use, follow-up time, and an HA use × time interaction term adjusted for age and pure-tone average thresholds at baseline, sex, education, and other possible confounders. HA use showed significant main effects on the scores for Picture completion and DSST after adjustment; scores were better in the HA use group than in the no HA use group. The HA use × time interaction was significant for the Information score (p = 0.040). The model-predicted 12-year slope with centralizing age indicated that the no HA use group showed greater decline over time on Information scores than did HA use group. The slopes did not differ between HA users and non-users for the Similarities, Picture completion and DSST. In conclusion, HA use may have a protective effect on the decline in general knowledge in older adults with moderate hearing loss.
Visión panorámica del “Montblanc de España”: apropiación y reinterpretación del referente alpino en el relato geográfico de Sierra Nevada (1800-1930)
Authors: Cornejo Nieto Carlos
Published: October 2021

La historia del conocimiento geográfico de Sierra Nevada no ha sido rigurosamente abordada desde una perspectiva relacional dentro del contexto del fenómeno global europeo de la interpretación de la montaña. Desde ahí, el artículo propone como hipótesis que el discurso geográfico decimonónico sobre la Sierra estuvo determinado por la apropiación del referente alpino a través de unos determinados recursos convencionales. Mediante el análisis hermenéutico comparativo de documentación narrativa y gráfica sobre ambos sistemas montañosos, se analiza la relevancia que tuvieron la transmisión, apropiación y reinterpretación de métodos, modelos de representación y estrategias narrativas foráneas, conformados a partir de la aplicación de la visión panorámica al estudio de los Alpes, en la legitimación del relato geográfico moderno de Sierra Nevada a través de la obra de Simón de Rojas Clemente y Rubio y Juan Carandell. Recurriendo al marco teórico de las geografías de recepción, se discuten las implicancias epistemológicas de la aplicación y extrapolación de dichos métodos y estrategias en la montaña nevadense. Se concluye que la Sierra constituyó un complejo espacio epistemológico periférico de reinterpretación hermenéutica del paradigma de la alta montaña alpina. De este modo, se infiere que la interpretación geográfica del macizo osciló entre la pretendida universalidad del discurso canónico importado de la alta montaña europea y el reconocimiento de una identidad geográfica diferente que se correspondiera con los particularismos del macizo.
Floristic findings on the Putorana Plateau
Authors: Pospelova Elena B. , Pospelov Igor N.
Published: October 2021

A list of new floristic findings in the north-west of the Putorana Plateau (Taimyr Municipal District of Krasnoyarsk Territory – TSR) discovered in 2018–2020 is presented. A brief description of the surveyed areas is given. The annotated lists of plants are given: 1) new species for the entire territory of the TSR (8 species: Poa vivipara (L.) Willd., Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb., Juncus stygius L., Astragalus gulemiensis Sytin et Pospelov, Vicia sepium L., Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz, Galium trifidum L., Saussurea purpurata (Fisch. ex Herder) Lipsch.; 2) species new to the Putorana Plateau (29 species, of which the most interesting are the findings of species included in the Red Data Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: Carex spaniocarpa Steud., Rumex aureostigmaticus Kom., Oxytropis czekanowskiiJurtz., O. tichomirovii Jurtz., Taraxacum byrrangicum Ju. Kozhevn.); 3) new localities of the species rarely found in the TSR (24 species, including extremely rare Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó, Drosera × obovata Mert. et W. D. J. Koch,Potentilla drymeja Soják, Eritrichium sericeum (Lehm.) DC.).
The Persistence of Technology:
Authors: Weber Heike , Krebs Stefan
Published: October 2021

Heike Weber and Stefan Krebs argue that repair should be discussed from a temporal perspective - one which reaches beyond the timescale of the repair process itself. This includes the historicity of repair, i.e. that repair practices and cultures have changed over time and should be investigated in their respective historical contexts. But it reaches beyond historicity and refers to the manifold temporalities included in processes, infrastructures and acts of repair. Maintenance and repair react to the wear and tear that happens over time and they represent interventions with the temporal aim of prolonging the time an object can stay in use.
Mending or Ending?
Authors: Weber Heike
Published: October 2021

Heike Weber shows that when consumers decide whether to "mend or end" a commodity, they decide on the temporality of its use. But what is more, consumer product lifetimes have also changed over time. This chapter considers the case of West Germany between the 1960s and the 1980s, when consumers adopted novel values and ways of handling domestic equipment. Items such as furniture and washing machines were now acquired without the idea of a lifelong or even inter-generational use in mind, and practices of care, reuse and disposal changed accordingly. Such everyday practices have left behind virtually no manifest historical sources, so the chapter approaches changing consumer culture indirectly, through three closely interlinked fields, namely discarding bulky waste, the conditions and channels for private and professional reuse, resale and repair, and, on the discursive level, debates on society's wastefulness and product obsolescence.
Towards an aesthetics of postmigrant narratives
Authors: Hallensleben Markus
Published: October 2021

Building on investigations of Ilija Trojanow's writings as counter-narratives to nationally centred models of narration, I suggest evaluating his collection of aphorisms, After the Flight (2017), as a critical stance against current politics and societal processes of global (im)mobilities and forced migration. At times, when »great importance is attached to the principle of asylum but enormous efforts are made to ensure that refugees (and others with less pressing claims) never reach the territory of the state where they could receive its protection« (Gibney), Trojanow aims for an acceptance of exile and migration as inherent social movements of a pluralised world.
Das Audioviduum
Authors: Eckel Julia
Published: October 2021

Die medienwissenschaftliche Debatte um das Verhältnis und die Verschränkung von Mensch und Medium bekommt eine neue theoriehistorische Analytik: Mit dem »audiovisuellen Individuum« - dem Audioviduum - rückt Julia Eckel eine spezifische Schnittstelle dieser materiellen wie diskursiven Kopplung in den Fokus. Dazu untersucht sie die Relevanz des Menschenmotivs in audiovisuellen Medien für die Herausbildung medientheoretischen Denkens und befragt frühe Schriften zu Stummfilm, Radio und Tonfilm auf ihre inhärenten Anthropozentrismen. Das Audioviduum bezeichnet hierbei die konkrete Verschmelzung von Medium und Mensch im Modus anthropomorpher und anthropophoner Audiovisualität und repräsentiert dessen Relevanz für die Medientheorien des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts - und darüber hinaus.
Digitale Technik in der ambulanten und stationären Pflege
Authors: Scorna Ulrike
Published: October 2021

Ulrike Scorna untersucht im Rahmen des Projektes DAAS-KIN in ihrem Beitrag die Auswirkungen der Digitalisierungsprozesse in der Pflege. Mittels qualitativer Expert*inneninterviews mit Vertreter*innen aus der ambulanten und stationären Pflege analysiert sie vor allem den Nutzen digitaler Assistenztechniken für die Pflegearbeit und deren Einfluss auf das professionelle Selbstverständnis der Pflegekräfte um anschließend Faktoren identifizieren zu können, die eine erfolgreiche Technikimplantation in den Pflegealltag begünstigen oder verhindern können und um die Frage zu beantworten, inwieweit der Einsatz von digitalen Assistenztechniken ein probates Mittel darstellt, den Herausforderungen des durch den demografischen Wandel begünstigten Pflegenotstands zu begegnen.
Digitalisierte Bewegungsentwicklung geriatrischer Traumapatient*innen
Authors: Cerullo Laura
Published: October 2021

As part of a prospective study on the usability of activity trackers in geriatric traumatology, Laura Cerullo is investigating the extent to which digital motion feedback can be used for the population of geriatric trauma patients. Based on a literature review, she designed a feedback on movement data using a tablet PC. The feedback took place in a rhythm of four weeks over a period of up to one year. The evaluation of the feedback is carried out by a qualitative content analysis of observation protocols as well as guideline-based interviews. The author concludes that the motion feedback could be used as a motivating element in the rehabilitation process.
Arbeit am Gelände (des Theaters)
Authors: Müller-Schöll Nikolaus
Published: October 2021

Nikolaus Müller-Schöll begreift Heiner Müllers Theaterarbeit und Schreiben als Paradebeispiel einer ,politischen Dramaturgie'. Er setzt dabei seine von Foucault und Rancière her entwickelte Theorie von Dramaturgie voraus: Sie entsteht in ihrer modernen Ausprägung als eine Form der »Polizey« wie der »Politik« im Theater des 18. Jahrhunderts und antwortet als Regierung der Künste auf die moderne »Kunst des Regierens«. Nach seiner Bearbeitung von Brechts »Fatzer« reflektiert Müller seine Abkehr von Brechts Dramaturgie: Sein Skript-basiertes Theater entspringt den USA-Reisen und der Begegnung mit anderen Dramaturgien. Aus der verstärkten Aufmerksamkeit für Fragen des Kolonialismus und der Migration resultiert die Aufkündigung des überkommenen Theaterdispositivs.
Poetologisches Modell und geschichtsphilosophisches Denkbild
Authors: Christof Johannes
Published: October 2021

Johannes Christof untersucht in seinem Beitrag die Auflösung hergebrachter Ordnungen in Texten Gertrude Steins und Heiner Müllers. Während Müller mit seinem Bild von der Verwandlung des Menschen in Landschaft das neuzeitliche Menschenbild in Frage stellt, denkt Stein über Strukturanalogien von modernen Theatertexten und Landschaft nach. Für sie hat die Auflösung dramatischer Strukturen grundlegende Veränderungen der Wahrnehmung nicht nur im Theater zur Folge. Beide Landschaftsmodelle stehen nicht nur für Auflösung, sondern ebenso für die Genese von Neuem. Denkt man den Tod in Müllers Texten als Verwandlung des anthropozentrischen Selbstverständnisses, wird in der Landschaft ein utopisches Moment erkennbar.
»Die weißen den Toten«
Authors: Schulz Kristin
Published: October 2021

Kristin Schulz widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie sich Heiner Müllers Blick auf Natur und Landschaft zeitlebens verändert. Natur bei dem frühen Heiner Müller »erkannt« und genutzt, während in späteren Texten die Landschaften unwirtlicher werden und die Natur anfängt, sich gegen ihre Domestizierung zu wehren. Ein Blumengedicht Müllers eröffnet jedoch den einzigen zu Lebzeiten publizierten Lyrikband (1992): »Auf Wiesen grün / Viel Blumen blühn / Die blauen den Kleinen / Die gelben den Schweinen / Der Liebsten die roten / Die weißen den Toten«. Und in seiner hinterlassenen Bibliothek liegen mitunter eingelegte, gepresste Blüten und Blätter; Sammlungspraxis und Widmung zugleich.
Goya in Worten
Authors: Engelberg Achim
Published: October 2021

Achim Engelberg stellt Vertreibung, Flucht, Exil als Hauptstraßen auf dem Kontinent Heiner Müller dar, denn der 1995 verstorbene Autor war lange wahrscheinlich der Einzige, der in seinem Werk alle Flüchtlingsarten des 20. Jahrhunderts gestaltete - von den Vertriebenen aus dem Osten am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges über die aus dem Exil Zurückgekehrten, bis zur steigenden Zahl von ökologisch Bedrängten und der großen Wanderung in und aus dem Süden.
1.1 Von der Verantwortungsdiffusion zum Gemeinwohl in der digitalen Welt
Authors: Piallat Chris
Published: October 2021

Chris Piallat skizziert die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den digitalen Realitäten und der Entwicklungen von leitenden Werten und bietet zur Orientierung den Kompass des Gemeinwohls an. Eingeführt wird in den Digitalisierungsdiskurses von den libertären Anfängen des Internets hin zu einer gesamtgesellschaftlichen Debatte über die Gestaltung der Digitalisierung. Es folgen Beschreibungen der diskursiven Pole der Debatte und des ethischen sowie faktischen Gestaltungs- und Handlungsdruck. Über den Dreischritt Freiheit, Verantwortung und Nachhaltigkeit führt er zum Konzept des Gemeinwohls über. Schließlich wird erörtert, wie Gemeinwohl zur Gestaltung der digitalen Zukunft beitragen kann.
Studieren in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Schmitz Daniela , Fiedler Manfred , Becker Heike
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie selbstbestimmtes, berufsbegleitendes Studieren im coronageprägten digitalen Semester möglich war, welche Faktoren die Motivation für das Studium beeinflussten. In einer Online-Befragung wurden aus den Kategorien Kompetenz, Autonomie und soziale Eingebundenheit der Selbstbestimmungstheorie offene und geschlossene Fragen kombiniert. Bei der sozialen Eingebundenheit wurde deutlich, dass Routinen des studentischen Alltags nur zum Teil aufgefangen werden konnten, da digitale Kommunikationen das Bedürfnis nach sozialer Eingebundenheit nicht komplett ermöglichen. Hinsichtlich erlebter Autonomie war entscheidend, wie die digitale Lehre bewertet wurde. Die Kompetenzen wurden je nach Bewertung des digitalen Studierens unterschiedlich eingeschätzt. Für digitale Lehrveranstaltungen ist soziale Eingebundenheit der relevante Gestaltungsfaktor.
Student engagement in digitalen Lehr-Lern-Szenarien
Authors: Schmidt Rebekka , Mindt Ilka
Published: October 2021

In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept des student engagement mit den drei Dimensionen Verhalten, Emotion und Kognition skizziert und in Bezug auf die unterstützenden Faktoren für Lehre auf Distanz in digitalen Lehr-Lernsettings untersucht. Ein Abgleich der theoretischen Grundlagen mit Forschungsergebnissen verschiedener Studien zum Onlinesemester 2020 sowie eine Konkretisierung durch Evaluationen aus Seminaren der englischen Sprachwissenschaft und der Kunstdidaktik gibt Aufschluss darüber, wie ein geeignetes how to engage auch in digitalen Lehr-Lernsettings gelingen kann. Darüber hinaus lassen die Ausführungen erkennen, dass die unterstützenden Faktoren häufig in ähnlich priorisiert werden. Daraus ergibt sich eine Reihenfolge mit dem unterstützenden Umfeld an erster, aktivem und kollaborativem Lernen an zweiter, Erleben von Kompetenz an dritter und akademischer Herausforderung an vierter Stelle. Die Ergebnisse können damit einen Weg aufzeigen, wie auch in ungewohnten Lehr-Lernsettings sukzessive ein geeignetes how to engage entwickelt werden kann, um student engagement zu fördern.
Kontaktlos lehren?
Authors: Reis Oliver , Jenert Tobias , Scharlau Ingrid
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag analysiert von Lehrenden verfasste Vignetten zu Lehrsituationen in der Distanzlehre im Sommersemester 2020. Diese Vignetten erlauben es, Prozesse des Umbaus von Aktivitätssystemen und insbesondere nichtintendierte Überschüsse, und wie diese integriert oder als Störung abgeleitet werden, zu beobachten. Im Fokus steht ein in allen Vignetten beobachtbarer Aspekt der Erwartungen an Beziehungen zwischen Lehrenden und Lernenden, der sich als unverarbeiteter Überschuss in neuen Praktiken feststellen lässt. Offenbar löst die verstärkte Einführung technischer Artefakte in das Gefüge lehr- und lernbezogener Praktiken eine Veränderung in dem gemeinsamen Tun aus, die auf die Subjekte zurückwirkt.
Legitime Sprachen, legitime Identitäten
Authors: Rellstab Daniel H.
Published: October 2021

Das Einüben der Fähigkeit, mit sprachlicher und kultureller Vielfalt produktiv umzugehen, ist ein Kernanliegen des zeitgemäßen Fremdsprachenunterrichts. Doch wie ist der Umgang mit dieser im Klassenzimmer organisiert? Daniel H. Rellstab analysiert auf der Basis eines von Erving Goffman geprägten Interaktionsverständnisses Interaktionen in »Deutsch als Fremdsprache«-Klassenzimmern. Dabei zeigt er, welche Ressourcen Lehrkräfte sowie Schülerinnen und Schüler in der Interaktion einsetzen, wie sie aushandeln, welche Sprachen legitim, welche illegitim sind, und wie sie dabei Identitäten und Normen re- und dekonstruieren.
Können Bilder falsch sein?
Authors: Holtschke Bianca
Published: October 2021

Gegenstand des Beitrags sind Bilder in ihrer pragmatischen Aufgabe als Informationsvermittler. Diese Art von Bildern ist disziplinübergreifend: In jeder Disziplin wird auf grafische Techniken zurückgegriffen, um die eigene Argumentation bildlich darzustellen. Diese Versuche scheitern oft. Es finden sich quer durch alle Fachbereiche unübersichtliche, unlogische oder wirre Bilder, mit denen etwas erklärt werden soll. In diesem Beitrag geht es jedoch nicht um eine Typologie. Es sollen stattdessen die Vorbedingungen für fehlerhafte bildliche Darstellungen geprüft werden. »Falsch« meint hier nicht im moralischen Sinne falsch, sondern wird hier in Bezug zu der Aussage gesetzt, die mit einem Bild getroffen werden soll. - Denn geht man davon aus, dass Bild-Zeichen, wie sprachliche Aussagen, Inhalte haben, auf die sie referieren, könnte gefolgert werden, dass diese bildliche Referenz auf ähnliche Weise misslingen sein kann.
Digitalbasierte ethnologische Provenienzforschung
Authors: Grana-Behrens Daniel
Published: October 2021

Daniel Grana-Behrens widmet sich der Chancen und Herausforderungen für die ethnologische Provenienzforschung anhand des neuen digitalen Bestandssystems am BASA-Museum der Abteilung für Altamerikanistik der Universität Bonn. Sein Ansatz lautet, dass die ethnologische Provenienzforschung zukünftig mit von der Dynamik der Datenbank abhängt.
"The Museum in my Pocket"
Authors: Sanghott Samba , Wahnem Alena van
Published: October 2021

Samba Sanghott, Technical Director of the Museum of Black Civilizations in Dakar and Alena van Wahnem, a master's student in social and cultural anthropology in Frankfurt/M and Paris, discuss in this chapter different digital alternatives for visiting museums in a new way - both in physical exhibitions and in virtual spaces: Which options are desirable, which are not, and how do they affect the way we relate to museums? Finally, how does the Dakar Museum of Black Civilizations position itself in this regard? In their conversation they try to answer these questions and share their experiences and personal opinions on the matter.
VII »Doing Diwali Mela«
Authors: Limacher Katharina
Published: October 2021

Katharina Limacher fragt in ihrem Beitrag nach konzeptuellen Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden von Ethnomethodologie und Praxistheorie und prüft an einem Beispiel aus dem Bereich des Hinduismus die ethnomethodologische Methodologisierung der Praxistheorie.
Zombies in der Kirche
Authors: Hercenberger Daniel
Published: October 2021

Das Kontrastpaar »Zombies und Kirche« schlägt sich teils prominent in der Popkultur nieder: Quality TV-Formate wie The Walking Dead inszenieren die titelgebenden Untoten in christlich-religiösen Kontexten. Daniel Hercenberger nimmt eine theologische Filmanalyse der US-amerikanischen Serien The Walking Dead und Fear the Walking Dead vor und zeigt anhand exemplarischer Szenen und Figuren, wie postmortale Existenzen Säkularisierungsprozesse versinnbildlichen. Die kulturhistorische Betrachtung des figuralen Motivs macht deutlich, dass sich die Figur des Zombies im Besonderen für eine derartige Allegorisierung eignet.
Tensional Responsiveness
Authors: Weig Doerte
Published: October 2021

How we sense and move our bodies shapes how we relate with each other. Current socio-economic practices are reducing generative qualities of relating. Doerte Weig shows how bodily capacities for sensitive tensional responsiveness are relevant to (re)generative cultures, the future of work, lifelong learning, sharing, healing and well-being. She draws together her own experience of living with Baka egalitarian foragers in North-Eastern Gabon, her corporate experience, and her studies on bodying, somatics and our connective tissue-system fascia. Interweaving neurophysiological shifting-sliding with a radically different ecosystemic awareness opens up potentials for bodying beyond current legal and political limits into enchantingly vibrant and ecosomatically alive futures.
The Invitation Circle
Authors: Latta Mark
Published: October 2021

This article discusses an invitation circle, a process of inviting workshop and classroom participants into collaborative and humanizing inquiry, and provides guidelines for initiating an invitation circle. Drawing from indigenous and posthuman traditions, invitation circles model decolonizing inquiry, encourage participants to develop humanizing connections with one another, and foster imagination of futures unconstrained by the colonial imaginary.
Impact of working conditions on faculty teaching:
Authors: Berlin Kathryn , Brock DoMonique
Published: October 2021

The following exploration examined the impact of working conditions on faculty teaching for full-time faculty and non-tenure track faculty within an academic department at a large Midwestern university to determine whether employment status and working conditions potentially impacted student learning outcomes. Questions asked of participating faculty focused on factors related to, or influencing, teaching that may improve or hinder student learning. Factors such as available resources, interaction with department administrators and other faculty, job satisfaction, work-life integration, and mentorship were explored through written surveys and one-on-one interviews. Twelve faculty, out of a target population of 33, provided insight as to concerns or issues they felt impeded or supported teaching efforts. Although the exploration contained a small sample size, department administrators implemented changes to address faculty concerns to reduce “disconnects” and issues mentioned by faculty members. Primary changes occurred around part time faculty input on curriculum development and interactions with department administrators and full time faculty. While still ongoing, initial feedback is positive and indicates faculty are adapting to the changes. Further work is necessary to examine individual feelings of worth and value, as well as exploring actual student learning outcomes across courses.
The Effect of Developing the Lean Product on the Lean Supply Chain: A Field Study for the Light Industries Company
Authors: Mohammed Dr. Zahra Abd
Published: October 2021

The Industrial companies are facing many challenges like shortening the product lifecycle, reducing production costs, responding to the customers' various needs, the markets' globalization, the competition's increase and swift developments in the environment of the business. These challenges forced the industrial companies to look for lean practices and tools to develop their products leading to create a lean supply chain that eliminates the waste of time, the cost, and inventory along with the supply chain. The research problem was formulated by introducing several questions on the impact of developing the practices and tools of the lean product for the lean supply chain, whereas the research hypotheses were subjected to several tests to ensure their validity. Moreover, a questionnaire included (48) questions was used as a main tool of collecting the necessary data about the sample in order to achieve the objectives of the research. The Light Industries Company was chosen as a sample of applying the research, and the statistical program (STATA- MP V15.1) was used to analyze the data. One of the important results which the research was concluded is that when the dimensions of the variable of developing the lean product (the value stream mapping and set-based concurrent engineering, the visual management and quality improvement, the computer-aided design and modular design) are separated and gathered again, they will have a significant effect on the lean supply chain's variable (the suppliers and procurement, the over production and warehousing, the transportation and customer).
Market Timing and Pecking Order Theory in Latin America
Authors: Vásquez Tejos Francisco Javier , Pape Larre Hernan
Published: October 2021

This article aims to determine if the capital structure of Latin American companies in the emerging markets of Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru, are managed according to the market timing theory or the pecking order theory. The analysis was based on a non-probabilistic sample of 170 companies, with annual data, from an unbalanced panel, in the period 2010-2018. Regressions were applied with the fixed and random effects method. The results do not show significant evidence indicating that Latin American companies comply with the pecking order theory. Furthermore, there is also no definitive evidence that companies benefit from low share prices to issue capital or from debt issuance in the face of high stock market prices. There are signs that they follow a blend of several theories, which would indicate their characteristics in the capital structure of Latin American companies.
Statistical and computational techniques for extraction of underlying systematic risk factors: a comparative in the Mexican stock exchange
Authors: Rogelio  , Torra Porras Salvador , Monte Moreno Enric
Published: October 2021

This paper compares the dimension reduction or feature extraction techniques, e.g., Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Independent Component Analysis and Neural Networks Principal Component Analysis, which are used as techniques for extracting the underlying systematic risk factors driving the returns on equities of the Mexican Stock Exchange, under a statistical approach to the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. We carry out our research according to two different perspectives. First, we evaluate them from a theoretical and matrix scope, making a parallelism among their particular mixing and demixing processes, as well as the attributes of the factors extracted by each method. Secondly, we accomplish an empirical study in order to measure the level of accuracy in the reconstruction of the original variables.
Maksymos z Tyru, „O istocie boga według Platona” (XI)
Authors: Szarmach Marian
Published: October 2021

The paper contains a Polish translation of Maximus of Tyre’s Eleventh Discourse entitled Who is God according to Plato?, with a short introduction and notes.
A Repeated Allusion to Pindar and the Eleusinian Mysteries in Anaxilas’ Comic Fragments?
Authors: Danielewicz Jerzy
Published: October 2021

Anaxilas in fragments 25 and 30 K.-A. deliberately alluded to Pindar’s fragment 137 S.-M. and the mystery references it contains, but at the same time completely redesigned the sense of the Pindaric phrase for a strong comic effect.
Biological sex modifies aldosterone’s secretion at a cellular level
Authors: Gholami Shadi K , Tay Chee Sin , Lee Jessica M , Zagoren Eleanor , Maris Stephen A , Wong Jian Yao , Garza Amanda E , Caliskan Guzelce Ezgi , Pojoga Luminita H , Adler Gail K , Romero Jose R , Williams Gordon H
Published: October 2021

Inconsistencies have been reported on the effect of sex on aldosterone (ALDO) levels leading to clinical confusion. The reasons for these inconsistencies are uncertain but include estrogen and/or its receptor modulating target gene responses to mineralocorticoid receptor activation and ALDO secretagogues’ levels. This study’s goal was to determine whether ALDO’s biosynthesis also differed by sex. Two approaches were used. First, plasma renin activity and aldosterone were measured in rats. Both were significantly higher in males. Secondly, using rat zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells, we assessed three ex vivo areas: (1) activity/levels of early steps in ALDO’s biosynthesis (StAR and CYP11A1); (2) activity/levels of a late step (CYP11B2); and (3) the status of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-mediated, ultrashort feedback loop. Females had higher expression of CYP11A1 and StAR and increased CYP11A1 activity (increased pregnenolone/corticosterone levels) but did not differ in CYP11B2 expression or activity (ALDO levels). Activating the ZG’s MR (thereby activating the ultrashort feedback loop) reduced CYP11B2’s activity similarly in both sexes. Exvivo, these molecular effects were accompanied, in females, by lower ALDO basally but higher ALDO with angiotensin II stimulation. In conclusion, we documented that not only was there a sex-mediated difference in the activity of ALDO’s biosynthesis but also these differences at the molecular level help explain the variable reports on ALDO’s circulating levels. Basally, both in vivo and ex vivo, males had higher ALDO levels, likely secondary to higher ALDO secretagogue levels. However, in response to acute stimulation, ALDO levels are higher in females because of the greater levels and/or activity of their StAR/CYP11A1.
Stabilometric assessment of vestibular function in children with a medium otitis
Authors: Lozova Iuliia , Garyuk Grigoriy , Redka Iryna , Pochuеva Tatiana
Published: October 2021

Otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases of the middle ear in preschool age, but its relationship with vestibular dysfunction remains controversial.

The aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of stabilometric indicators of preschool children with suppurative and non-suppurative otitis media.

Materials and methods: 22 children with suppurative otitis media and 22 children with non-suppurative otitis media at the age from 4 to 7 years were examined by the method of static stabilometry on the device “MPFI Stabilograph 1” (LLC "ASTER IT", Kharkov, Ukraine). We took into account the indices of variation and distribution of the center of pressure, spectral and correlation indices of the stabilogram, as well as integral indices of stability (length, velocity and angle of postural oscillations) and the quality of the balance function in two sensory states (open and closed eyes), which were calculated in the software providing StabiliS.

Results. In children with non-suppurative otitis media, the coordinates of the center-of-pressure corresponded (7.04 [2.16–10.09]; -1.14 [-28.90–9.11]), and with suppurative otitis media – (7.04 [3.30–16.16]; -13.72 [(-25.17)–(-10.30)]) with closed eyes. The averaged figure of the projection of the center-of-pressure in the test with eyes closed is actually represented by a circle in both groups, but with open eyes it is represented by an ellipse, which, in case of non-suppurative otitis media, is stretched along the sagittal axis, and in case of suppurative otitis media, along the frontal axis. In both sensory states, children with non-suppurative otitis media were characterized by large (p≤0.05) values of KurtosisX, Length and lower (p≤0.05) values of CC0X, Pup2Sigma compared with non-purulent otitis media.

Conclusions: In preschool age, suppurative otitis media more significantly disrupts the balance function compared with non-suppurative otitis media, which was manifested by a significant decrease in the stability of the main stance and the predictability of oscillatory movements compared with non-suppurative otitis media
Histological study of the effect of bacterial lysates on the state of periodontal tissue in experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Ievtushenko Mariia , Koshova Olena , Kryzhna Svitlana
Published: October 2021

The aim of the research: to experimentally study at the histological and morphological level the degree of the corrective effect of bacterial lysate of the disturbed non-specific defense of the body on the model of periodontitis based on the Central Research Laboratory of the National University of Pharmacy.

Materials and methods: prospective study has been conducted on experimental periodontitis in 42 rats for 90 days. The animals were treated with «Respibron» and the reference drug «Imudon». Histological and morphometric studies were carried out according to standard methods. Micropreparations were viewed under a Granum DCM 310 digital video camera. All interventions and euthanasia of animals were carried out in compliance with the European principles.

Results: by the end of 90 days of experimental periodontitis at the local level in the homogenate of animal gum tissue compensatory mechanisms are depleted and differed from the norm by 397 times. The dynamics of the studied morphometric and histological parameters of "Respibron" was similar to the "Imudon", but the magnitude of destruction was less pronounced and differed at the end of the experiment by 17.2 times in comparison with the intact control, and in the control group the results improved by 23.1 times.

Conclusion: the obtained data from the study indicate a high decompensation of experimental periodontitis. It is characterized by the formation of periodontal pockets and inflammatory bone loss. The magnitude of destruction differed from the norm by 397 times. Applying of bacterial lysates led to the compensation of bacterial dysbiosis, restoration of the tissues of paradont. The therapeutic effect of "Respibron" can be assessed as more powerful in comparison with "Imudon" in terms of the studied morphometric and histological parameters: the magnitude of improvement "Respibron" was 3.72 times higher than the indicators of "Imudon". We should continue the study of experimental periodontitis as mechanisms of development, protection, and restoration of tissues under conditions of pharmacological correction by bacterial lysate "Respibron"
Methodological approaches to the formation of professionally oriented english lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business
Authors: Skril Iryna
Published: October 2021

Methodological approaches to the formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future hotel and restaurant specialists are selected and revealed, and the principles of this process are substantiated. The essence and structure of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking of future specialists of hotel and restaurant business are formulated. The preconditions of vocabulary use, including terminological, are considered. It has been found, that the production of oral speech is impossible without the perception and understanding of oral speech by ear. The following approaches are described, which provide methodical and methodological substantiation of the process of formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business, such as: communicative, interactive, student-centric, sociolinguistic. The peculiarities of formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future specialists of hotel and restaurant business on the basis of the communicative approach are outlined. The educational materials, used in the application of the communicative approach, are investigated. The interactive discourse, which is a type of communicative activity, is considered. The principles, on which this process is based, are analyzed: general methodological principles (situational; communicative activity; communicative value; immersion), specific principles speech clichés, parallel activation of visual and auditory channels of information perception). Recommendations for the optimal combination of classroom learning and extracurricular learning, including independent work with the help of network technologies using video, audio and text materials, are given. Learning outcomes are formulated on the basis of the student-centered approach, attention is focused on students' skills and competencies. On the basis of the sociolinguistic approach, the creation of educational situations for the purpose of reproduction of scenarios of professionally oriented communication of experts of hotel and restaurant business is provided. It is concluded, that the formation of professionally oriented English lexical competence in speaking in future hotel and restaurant professionals on the basis of communicative, interactive, student-centric, sociolinguistic approaches will ensure the effectiveness of this process