bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of data and parameter uncertainties in integrated water-quality model
Authors: Freni Gabriele , Mannina Giorgio , Viviani Gasparee
Published: May 2011

In integrated urban drainage water quality models, due to the fact that integrated approaches are basically a cascade of sub-models (simulating sewer system, wastewater treatment plant and receiving water body), uncertainty produced in one sub-model propagates to the following ones depending on the model structure, the estimation of parameters and the availability and uncertainty of measurements in the different parts of the system. Uncertainty basically propagates throughout a chain of models in which simulation output from upstream models is transferred to the downstream ones as input. The overall uncertainty can differ from the simple sum of uncertainties generated in each sub-model, depending on well-known uncertainty accumulation problems. The present paper aims to study the uncertainty propagation throughout an integrated urban water-quality model. At this scope, a parsimonious bespoke integrated model has been used allowing analysis of the combinative effect between different sub-models. Particularly, the data and parameter uncertainty have been assessed and compared by means of the variance decomposition concept. The integrated model and the methodology for the uncertainty decomposition have been applied to a complex integrated catchment: the Nocella basin (Italy). The results show that uncertainty contribution due to the model structure is higher with respect to the other sources of uncertainty.
Sensitivity analysis for the SimpleTreat model to simulate fate of chemicals in sewage treatment plants
Authors: Kah M. , Brown C. D.
Published: May 2011

SimpleTreat 3.1 predicts the distribution and elimination of chemicals by sewage treatment. The model is used as the default calculation in EUSES 2.0 to estimate exposure concentration in the receiving water, soil and air. A sensitivity analysis was performed to rank input parameters according to their influence on model predictions. Triclosan was selected for the base case. The sewage flow, degradation rates and parameters describing the raw sewage were shown to be the most sensitive inputs. The pH and dissociation constant are very sensitive parameters when working with ionisable compounds. Variation in certain input parameters was propagated through the model to yield greater variation in output parameters with a maximum ratio of 4.0. SimpleTreat 3.1 is a steady state model describing a highly non-steady system. A large variability in the most sensitive parameters is expected within a single sewage plant and parameters should therefore be selected to cover this variability.
A knowledge-based control system for air-scour optimisation in membrane bioreactors
Authors: Ferrero G. , Monclús H. , Sancho L. , Garrido J. M. , Comas J. , Rodríguez-Roda I.
Published: May 2011

Although membrane bioreactors (MBRs) technology is still a growing sector, its progressive implementation all over the world, together with great technical achievements, has allowed it to reach a mature degree, just comparable to other more conventional wastewater treatment technologies. With current energy requirements around 0.6–1.1 kWh/m3 of treated wastewater and investment costs similar to conventional treatment plants, main market niche for MBRs can be areas with very high restrictive discharge limits, where treatment plants have to be compact or where water reuse is necessary. Operational costs are higher than for conventional treatments; consequently there is still a need and possibilities for energy saving and optimisation. This paper presents the development of a knowledge-based decision support system (DSS) for the integrated operation and remote control of the biological and physical (filtration and backwashing or relaxation) processes in MBRs. The core of the DSS is a knowledge-based control module for air-scour consumption automation and energy consumption minimisation.
Wastewater as a resource: a unique approach to achieving energy sustainability
Authors: Sutton P. M. , Rittmann B. E. , Schraa O. J. , Banaszak J. E. , Togna A. P.
Published: May 2011

A wastewater-treatment flowsheet was developed to integrate uniquely designed biological processes with physical-chemical unit processes, allowing conversion of the organic carbon in the wastewater to methane, the removal and recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from the wastewater, and the production of water suitable for reuse. In the flowsheet, energy is derived from the wastewater by first shunting a large fraction of the organic carbon in the wastewater to a solids slurry which is treated via anaerobic digestion. The anaerobic digestion system consists of focused pulsed (FP) pretreatment coupled to anaerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs). Computer modelling and simulation results are used to optimize design of the system. Energy generation from the system is maximized and costs are reduced by using modest levels of recycle flow from the anaerobic MBRs to the FP pretreatment step.
Geographical Indications and The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS): A Case Study of Basmati Rice Exports
Authors: Mulik Kranti , Crespi John M.
Published: May 2011

The controversy over the granting of patenting rights to three new strains of Basmati rice by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is used as a case study to analyze the impact of incomplete protection of intellectual property. Results suggest that the introduction of a competing product that may infringe on India’s geographical indicator has lowered the product differentiation of Indian Basmati rice in key export markets.
Litigation Risk and Abnormal Accruals
Authors: Boone Jeff P. , Khurana Inder K. , Raman K. K.
Published: May 2011

In this paper, we examine the relation between auditor litigation risk and abnormal accruals over the 1989–2007 time period. We address potential endogeneity in prior studies by jointly modeling abnormal accruals and litigation risk in a simultaneous equation system. Our findings suggest that client-specific litigation risk affects auditor incentives to acquiesce to client demands for earnings management, i.e., the higher the risk of auditor litigation, the greater the auditor's restraining influence on the abnormal accruals reported by the client. We also find evidence that abnormal accruals increase the likelihood of auditor litigation. We also document that the 1995 Public Securities Litigation Reform Act (PSLRA) lowered the client-specific risk of auditor litigation. Litigation reform remains a topic of ongoing interest. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the effects of litigation reform (and related changes in legal exposure) on auditor incentives and earnings management.
Cilindro del Sur and United Gas Products: An International Application of the Strategic Cost Management Framework
Authors: Canace Thomas G , Juras Paul E
Published: May 2011

This case provides students with an opportunity to apply project valuation methodologies in an international context. The dynamics of the case offer more complexity than typical textbook capital budgeting problems because, while the identity has been disguised, the case is based on a real company. We complement recent pedagogical literature on strategic cost management (Blocher 2009) by applying a five-stage information value chain to our case setting. Students must consider both the financial and strategic factors to make a unified decision about whether an industrial gases joint venture should expand operations into Guatemala. Students are asked to perform thorough financial analysis using advanced spreadsheet modeling techniques to support their decision. Equally important, they are required to research the socio-political-economic factors, and to assess the joint venture's competitive and strategic landscape. The primary deliverable is a written recommendation, in the form of a business case, which is submitted to the Vice President of the U.S. joint venture partner. This component addresses concerns raised in recent literature (Matherly and Burney 2009) about the lack of emphasis in current accounting curricula on developing students' writing competencies in a relevant context.
Kmart: Predicting Bankruptcy, Fresh Start Reporting, and Valuation of Distressed Securities
Authors: Lehavy Reuven , Udpa Suneel
Published: May 2011

On January 22, 2002, Kmart Corporation filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy laws. While under Chapter 11 protection, Kmart renegotiated its debt, shed some of its non-performing assets, and issued new equity. Financier Eddie Lampert of ESL Investments bought much of Kmart's debt for less than $1 billion while it was in bankruptcy. As part of the reorganization plan, virtually all of Kmart's debt was converted into shares, and ESL Investments emerged as Kmart's largest shareholder. Subsequent to its emergence from bankruptcy on May 6, 2003, Kmart's stock has gone up from around $15/share to nearly $80/share over a period of one year. The case requires students to analyze Kmart's financial performance prior to the bankruptcy, identify the circumstances leading to the bankruptcy, use projected financial statements to derive Kmart's value post-bankruptcy, and explore issues related to Kmart's adoption of Fresh Start reporting upon its emergence from bankruptcy. The case questions fall into five categories: (1) pre-bankruptcy evaluation, (2) reorganization plan and Kmart in bankruptcy, (3) Fresh Start reporting, (4) bankruptcy valuation analysis, and (5) post-bankruptcy performance. The questions are largely independent, allowing instructors the flexibility to adopt only the sections relevant to their courses.
Influence of Time of Day of Blood Pressure–Lowering Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hermida Ramón C. , Ayala Diana E. , Mojón Artemio , Fernández José R.
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE

We prospectively investigated in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes if bedtime treatment with ≥1 hypertension medications exerts better blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk reduction than conventional therapy, in which all medications are ingested in the morning.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial on 448 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes, 255 men/193 women, mean ± SD age 62.5 ± 10.8 years, randomized to ingest all their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or ≥1 of them at bedtime. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured for 48 h at baseline and again annually or even more frequently (quarterly) after adjustments in treatment.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, patients ingesting ≥1 hypertension medications at bedtime showed a significantly lower cardiovascular risk (adjusted by age and sex) than subjects ingesting all medications upon awakening (hazard ratio 0.33 [95% CI 0.21–0.54]; P < 0.001). The difference between groups in the adjusted risk of major events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) was also statistically significant (0.25 [0.10–0.61]; P = 0.003). Patients treated at bedtime showed significantly lower sleep time blood pressure mean and higher prevalence of controlled ambulatory blood pressure (62.5 vs. 50.9%; P = 0.013). There was a significant 12% cardiovascular risk reduction per each 5 mmHg decrease in asleep systolic blood pressure during follow-up (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Among patients with diabetes, treatment with ≥1 hypertension medications at bedtime, compared with all medications upon waking, resulted in improved ambulatory blood pressure control and significantly reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Globalization of Diabetes
Authors: Hu Frank B.
Published: May 2011

Type 2 diabetes is a global public health crisis that threatens the economies of all nations, particularly developing countries. Fueled by rapid urbanization, nutrition transition, and increasingly sedentary lifestyles, the epidemic has grown in parallel with the worldwide rise in obesity. Asia's large population and rapid economic development have made it an epicenter of the epidemic. Asian populations tend to develop diabetes at younger ages and lower BMI levels than Caucasians. Several factors contribute to accelerated diabetes epidemic in Asians, including the “normal-weight metabolically obese” phenotype; high prevalence of smoking and heavy alcohol use; high intake of refined carbohydrates (e.g., white rice); and dramatically decreased physical activity levels. Poor nutrition in utero and in early life combined with overnutrition in later life may also play a role in Asia's diabetes epidemic. Recent advances in genome-wide association studies have contributed substantially to our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology, but currently identified genetic loci are insufficient to explain ethnic differences in diabetes risk. Nonetheless, interactions between Westernized diet and lifestyle and genetic background may accelerate the growth of diabetes in the context of rapid nutrition transition. Epidemiologic studies and randomized clinical trials show that type 2 diabetes is largely preventable through diet and lifestyle modifications. Translating these findings into practice, however, requires fundamental changes in public policies, the food and built environments, and health systems. To curb the escalating diabetes epidemic, primary prevention through promotion of a healthy diet and lifestyle should be a global public policy priority.
Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sacks David B. , Arnold Mark , Bakris George L. , Bruns David E. , Horvath Andrea Rita , Kirkman M. Sue , Lernmark Ake , Metzger Boyd E. , Nathan David M.
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND

Multiple laboratory tests are used to diagnose and manage patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these tests varies substantially.

APPROACH

An expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for the use of laboratory testing for patients with diabetes. A new system was developed to grade the overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations. Draft guidelines were posted on the Internet and presented at the 2007 Arnold O. Beckman Conference. The document was modified in response to oral and written comments, and a revised draft was posted in 2010 and again modified in response to written comments. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry and the Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine Committee of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry jointly reviewed the guidelines, which were accepted after revisions by the Professional Practice Committee and subsequently approved by the Executive Committee of the American Diabetes Association.

CONTENT

In addition to long-standing criteria based on measurement of plasma glucose, diabetes can be diagnosed by demonstrating increased blood hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. Monitoring of glycemic control is performed by self-monitoring of plasma or blood glucose with meters and by laboratory analysis of HbA1c. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing, and measurement of autoantibodies, urine albumin, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and other analytes are addressed.

The guidelines provide specific recommendations that are based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes have minimal clinical value at present, and their measurement is not recommended.
A Feminist Perspective on Carbon Taxes
Authors: Chalifour Nathalie J.
Published: May 2011

Il y a un besoin urgent d'adopter des politiques canadiennes efficaces pour contrer le changement climatique. On consacre beaucoup d'énergie au choix et à la conception d'instruments de politique optimale et les questions d'efficacité environnementale et d'efficience économique dominent le débat. Il est néanmoins tout aussi important d'analyser comment ces politiques vont agir sur différents segments de la société et de s'assurer qu'elles soient conçues de manière juste afin de ne pas aggraver les inégalités systémiques. Le présent article traite de cette question de justice sociale en examinant les taxes sur le carbone d'une perspective féministe, plus particulièrement en analysant comment les taxes sur le carbone produisent des conséquences pour les femmes. L'article propose une analyse de genres dans le cadre des taxes environnementales, qui va au-delà de l'évaluation des impacts distributionnels pour tenir compte aussi des impacts qui ne touchent pas le revenu, des implications de l'allègement connexe et des politiques concernant l'utilisation des revenus aussi bien que le résultat de la mise en oeuvre de ces taxes. L'application de ce cadre d'analyse à la taxe sur le carbone en Colombie-Britannique ainsi qu'à la redevance annuelle prélevée par le Québec révèle que les femmes vont vraisemblablement souffrir de façon disproportionnée des augmentations de coûts créées par les taxes sur le carbone. L'analyse démontre également que les politiques destinées à mitiger l'impact des taxes sur le carbone pour les familles à faible revenu ne tiennent pas compte des disparités de revenus entre les femmes et les hommes, ni du statut socio-économique des femmes. En conclusion, l'auteure recommande d'adopter des politiques concernant le coût du carbone qui évitent de perpétuer les inégalités systémiques actuelles entre les femmes et les hommes et qui pourraient même aider à corriger ces inégalités.
Injection Artesunate has been found to be Superior to Quinine in the Treatment of Severe Malaria in African Children
Authors: Faiz Md Abul
Published: May 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7727 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):4
Organization of Kidney Transplantation in Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Chowdhury Dipti
Published: May 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7728 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):5-6
Sub Clinical Hypothyroidism is Associated with Low Grade Inflammation High Plasma Fibrinogen Levels and High Atherothrombotic Potentiality
Authors: Kamal Abu Hena Mostafa , Kabir Asma , Chowdhury SM Muizzul Akhar
Published: May 2011

Key words: Hypothyroidism; C-reactive protein; plasma fibrinogen; cardiovascular disease; lipidsDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7730 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):11-15
Laparascopic Management of Peptic Ulcer Perforation: Initial Experience in Chittagong Medical College Hospital
Authors: Bhuiyan Md Nur Hossain , Chowdhury Md Yunus Haroon , Muhsin Syed Md , Ali SM Ashraf , Yusuf Omar Faruque
Published: May 2011

Key Words: laparoscopic repair; early return to work; peptic ulcer performationDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7731 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):16-20
Monitoring of Oxygen in Neonate: An Important Issue
Authors: Das Jagadish C , Paul Nibedita , Alam M Shah , Mahmud Nasiruddin , Sharma Jhulan Das
Published: May 2011

Key words: Oxygen saturation; monitoring; neonateDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7735 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):30-34
Bardet Biedl Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Chowdhury Pranab Kumar , Mahmud Nasiruddin , Chowdhury MA Hassan
Published: May 2011

Key words: Bardet Biedl Syndrome; cromosome; ciliopathicDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i2.7738 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(2):44-46
Using Maximum Entropy Modeling for Optimal Selection of Sampling Sites for Monitoring Networks
Authors: Stohlgren Thomas J. , Kumar Sunil , Barnett David T. , Evangelista Paul H.
Published: May 2011

Environmental monitoring programs must efficiently describe state shifts. We propose using maximum entropy modeling to select dissimilar sampling sites to capture environmental variability at low cost, and demonstrate a specific application: sample site selection for the Central Plains domain (453,490 km2) of the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). We relied on four environmental factors: mean annual temperature and precipitation, elevation, and vegetation type. A “sample site” was defined as a 20 km × 20 km area (equal to NEON’s airborne observation platform [AOP] footprint), within which each 1 km2 cell was evaluated for each environmental factor. After each model run, the most environmentally dissimilar site was selected from all potential sample sites. The iterative selection of eight sites captured approximately 80% of the environmental envelope of the domain, an improvement over stratified random sampling and simple random designs for sample site selection. This approach can be widely used for cost-efficient selection of survey and monitoring sites.
Electroformation of Giant Vesicles on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-Coated Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) Electrodes
Authors: Okumura Yukihisa , Iwata Yuuichi
Published: May 2011

Electroformation of cell-sized lipid membrane vesicles (giant vesicles, GVs) from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine was examined using a poly(ethylene terephthalate) sheet coated with indium tin oxide (ITO-PET) as the electrode material. With sinusoidal ac voltage, GV formation occurred in a similar manner to that on an ITO-glass electrode widely used in electroformation. Difference in the specific electrical resistance of ITO-PET did not significantly affect electroformation. The present results indicate that ITO-PET may be used as more flexible and less expensive electrode material in electroformation. In order to obtain insights into electroformation, other electric voltage forms, static dc and dc pulses, were also tested in place of commonly used sinusoidal ac. Under the present conditions, the best GV formation was observed with dc pulses of negative polarity. The result with static dc demonstrated that the mechanical vibration of swelling lipid seen with sinusoidal ac voltage was not essential for GV formation. On the positive electrode, the electroswelling of lipid mainly yielded non-spherical membranous objects. Pre-application of positive dc voltage on lipid hindered GV formation in electroswelling of the lipid with ac.
Platycoside O, a New Triterpenoid Saponin from the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum
Authors: Fu Wen-Wei , Fu Jin-Nan , Zhang Wen-Meng , Sun Li-Xin , Pei Yue-Hu , Liu Ping
Published: May 2011

A new unusual minor triterpenoid saponin, platycoside O (1), was isolated from the 75% EtOH extract obtained from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, together with four known saponins: platycoside M-3 (2), platycoside J (3), platycoside F (4) and platycoside B (5). The structure of 1 was determined as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2β,3β,16α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-24-methoxyl, 24-oxo-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical evidence.
Roughness Encoding in Human and Biomimetic Artificial Touch: Spatiotemporal Frequency Modulation and Structural Anisotropy of Fingerprints
Authors: Oddo Calogero Maria , Beccai Lucia , Wessberg Johan , Wasling Helena Backlund , Mattioli Fabio , Carrozza Maria Chiara
Published: May 2011

The influence of fingerprints and their curvature in tactile sensing performance is investigated by comparative analysis of different design parameters in a biomimetic artificial fingertip, having straight or curved fingerprints. The strength in the encoding of the principal spatial period of ridged tactile stimuli (gratings) is evaluated by indenting and sliding the surfaces at controlled normal contact force and tangential sliding velocity, as a function of fingertip rotation along the indentation axis. Curved fingerprints guaranteed higher directional isotropy than straight fingerprints in the encoding of the principal frequency resulting from the ratio between the sliding velocity and the spatial periodicity of the grating. In parallel, human microneurography experiments were performed and a selection of results is included in this work in order to support the significance of the biorobotic study with the artificial tactile system.
A Cabled Acoustic Telemetry System for Detecting and Tracking Juvenile Salmon: Part 2. Three-Dimensional Tracking and Passage Outcomes
Authors: Deng Z. Daniel , Weiland Mark A. , Fu Tao , Seim Tom A. , LaMarche Brian L. , Choi Eric Y. , Carlson Thomas J. , Eppard M. Brad
Published: May 2011

In Part 1 of this paper, we presented the engineering design and instrumentation of the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) cabled system, a nonproprietary sensing technology developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District (Oregon, USA) to meet the needs for monitoring the survival of juvenile salmonids through the hydroelectric facilities within the Federal Columbia River Power System. Here in Part 2, we describe how the JSATS cabled system was employed as a reference sensor network for detecting and tracking juvenile salmon. Time-of-arrival data for valid detections on four hydrophones were used to solve for the three-dimensional (3D) position of fish surgically implanted with JSATS acoustic transmitters. Validation tests demonstrated high accuracy of 3D tracking up to 100 m upstream from the John Day Dam spillway. The along-dam component, used for assigning the route of fish passage, had the highest accuracy; the median errors ranged from 0.02 to 0.22 m, and root mean square errors ranged from 0.07 to 0.56 m at distances up to 100 m. For the 2008 case study at John Day Dam, the range for 3D tracking was more than 100 m upstream of the dam face where hydrophones were deployed, and detection and tracking probabilities of fish tagged with JSATS acoustic transmitters were higher than 98%. JSATS cabled systems have been successfully deployed on several major dams to acquire information for salmon protection and for development of more “fish-friendly” hydroelectric facilities.
L'animal familier aujourd'hui : la réduction du domestique à l'apprivoisé
Authors: Guichet Jean-Luc
Published: May 2011

Résumé La relation de l’homme à l’animal s’est considérablement éloignée de ce qu’elle était naguère. Auparavant, elle s’articulait en grande partie grâce à l’animal de ferme qui assumait un rôle central de médiation. Du fait du retrait de cet animal de ferme, la relation est devenue profondément contradictoire, creusant un fossé entre les animaux sauvages et ceux proches de l’homme. Dès lors, les animaux de compagnie sont passés sur le devant de la scène et ont endossé de nouvelles fonctions dans les familles, contribuant même à assurer leur unité en rétablissant la circulation des émotions en leur sein. Mais, à une échelle plus vaste, le problème désormais est celui de la cohérence globale de la relation entre homme et animal. Il est en effet loin d’être certain que le déséquilibre de cette relation n’ait aucune conséquence sur la vie humaine.
Des animaux et des hommes
Authors: Dorey Jean-Louis
Published: May 2011

Résumé Les avancées de l’éthologie font vaciller les critères de représentation distinguant l’animal de l’humain. L’auteur revisite les discours mythiques sur l’origine du contrat social de Lévi-Strauss et de Freud. Partant de l’idée de nombreux anthropologues selon laquelle la culture et le psychisme spécifient l’humain, il envisage une « potentialité subjective » de l’humain portée par l’environnement. L’indifférenciation de la psyché observée dans les thérapies familiales se rapprocherait de la réalité psychique groupale primitive telle que la décrit Freud. L’auteur propose l’esquisse d’un nouveau scénario mythique dans lequel la thérapie familiale, en mobilisant le travail de différenciation, répète l’évolution du psychisme dans l’histoire de l’humanité. Dans le processus thérapeutique, l’animalité reviendrait à certains moments figurer différents degrés de négativité.
Sous le regard
Authors: Mevel Françoise , Mével Gérard
Published: May 2011

Résumé La tendresse octroyée par les thérapeutes à un chien d’aveugle, les mots tissés autour de ses réactions servirent de toile de fond au processus thérapeutique. La mère, le fils et les thérapeutes s’accordaient en passant par les mimiques du chien, qui se faisait alors le messager de la résonance fantasmatique.
Identifications à une figure animale : un chemin groupal vers une représentation « humanisante »
Authors: Gianèse-Madelaine Catherine
Published: May 2011

Résumé Lorsqu’un enfant souffre de troubles envahissants du développement, il est perçu, dans les premiers temps de sa vie, par un excès de différence, ce qui impacte directement son développement identitaire. L’accueil dans un dispositif institutionnel articulant l’écoute familiale, l’écoute individuelle et le travail clinique groupal institutionnel, permet de percevoir et d’accueillir l’émergence d’une figure animale comme une première surface de projection identitaire moins étrange, à laquelle le groupe peut se relier. Ces différents emboîtements ouvrent l’accès à des représentations groupales de plus en plus « humaines », offrant à l’enfant de nouvelles possibilités d’identification ainsi que la construction de premiers contenants psychiques.
L'animal comme substitut défensif familial
Authors: Siboni Flavie
Published: May 2011

Résumé À partir d’une situation clinique de thérapie familiale, l’auteur montre comment le lien indifférencié entre l’humain et l’animal a contenu les angoisses de mort de cette famille. Les générations successives de chiens ont eu une fonction d’agrippement pour éviter l’effondrement ou le lâchage. Les chiens ont eu un rôle d’animation, voire de réanimation et ont occupé une place sensorielle et excitante, là où la famille est confrontée à la disparition et à des deuils impossibles. Le processus de thérapie familiale par la régularité de son cadre, grâce aux liens transférentiels et à l’analyse des éprouvés, a permis l’accès aux représentations et une différenciation de chaque membre.
Le travail sur le lien indifférencié en thérapie familiale psychanalytique (TFP)
Authors: Aubertel Françoise
Published: May 2011

Résumé La transformation de l’éprouvé du lien familial au cours des phases initiales de la thérapie familiale implique une expérimentation spatiale, une instauration des rythmicités, un avènement de la temporalité. L’évolution ultérieure permet d’observer le passage du lien familial éprouvé comme contenant et étayage vers des liens familiaux comme objets d’investissement différenciés.
La gestion du dilemme exploitation/exploration en pratique : le cas d'une entreprise de produits de grande consommation
Authors: Farjaudon Anne-Laure , Soulerot Marion
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans cet article, nous proposons un modèle de forme d’organisation ambidextre issu de la littérature. La confrontation de ce modèle au cas d’une entreprise de produits de grande consommation permet de valider la pertinence du modèle. Toutefois nous proposons d’inscrire le rôle du contrôleur de gestion au cœur de la problématique d’ambidextérité pour qu’il en soit le « chef d’orchestre ».
La mémorisation des consommateurs en matière d'assortiment
Authors: Piris Yolande , Dubois Pierre-Louis
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article traite de la mémorisation des consommateurs en matière d’assortiment, dans le cadre de la grande distribution alimentaire. Cinq questions de recherche sont posées sur la base de la littérature existante portant sur l’assortiment, le comportement du consommateur et la connaissance du consommateur. S’agissant d’un domaine de recherche peu exploité et étant donné l’objet de la recherche, une méthodologie qualitative exploratoire a été retenue. Le principal apport de cette recherche consiste à mettre en évidence la très faible mémorisation des assortiments par les consommateurs. En complément, cet article met en évidence la capacité des consommateurs à inférer un assortiment sur la base de leurs connaissances sur la catégorie de produits.
E-commerce et vente de vin en ligne : l'approche stratégique d'une petite entreprise
Authors: Montant Eglo , Pupion Pierre-Charles
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le e-commerce du vin, secteur en forte croissance, est confronté à l’entrée de nombreux prestataires. L’analyse du secteur en termes de groupes stratégiques apporte un éclairage nouveau sur l’intensité et la dynamique concurrentielle. L’étude de cas d’une cave à vin montre l’importance de la valorisation des compétences et de la création de valeur pour la clientèle dans la stratégie de e-commerce.
Internet, Stratégie de prix et Yield Management
Authors: Hikkerova Lubica
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’objet de cet article est d’apporter un éclairage sur la perception par les internautes des stratégies innovantes de prix des hôtels, lesquels recourent massivement aux pratiques de Yield Management (YM) pour augmenter leurs revenus. Ces stratégies reposent massivement sur les TIC et elles sont de plus en plus comparables avec le développement d’Internet. Or, la littérature économique suggère que si elles sont jugées inéquitables pour les clients, elles risquent d’influencer négativement leur intention d’achat, ce que nous vérifions empiriquement. Notre étude montre que l’hypothèse selon laquelle le YM induit une insatisfaction en toute circonstance est rejetée. Mais lorsqu’une pratique de YM est perçue comme inéquitable, elle provoque une perte de clientèle. De plus, la manière de présenter les pratiques de YM aux consommateurs (perspective positive ou négative) a une influence non négligeable sur leur perception. Sur ce plan managérial, il existe donc plusieurs leviers dans la communication des pratiques tarifaires et la gestion des programmes de fidélisation pour éviter ou réduire les conflits avec les consommateurs.
Les entrepreneurs des secteurs technologiques : leur profil, leurs motivations et leurs actions
Authors: Gasse Yvon
Published: May 2011

Résumé Plusieurs études ont analysé les profils et les motivations des entrepreneurs; cependant, peu de recherches ont porté sur les innovateurs des domaines technologiques qui décident de créer leur entreprise. Cette étude porte sur la trame entrepreneuriale d’un groupe de 44 innovateurs-entrepreneurs canadiens. On y décrit les antécédents, les principales motivations, les capacités, les attitudes, ainsi que les actions déterminantes de la réussite. Le suivi du démarrage des entreprises opérationnelles nous démontre que ce sont les entrepreneurs qui ont opté pour la familiarité et la simplicité du concept qui ont réussi en moins de deux ans à générer des revenus dans une stratégie de petits pas et de contrôle, même avec des moyens modestes.
Managing Energy Risks in the 21st Century
Authors: Navon Emmanuel
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’émergence de la Chine comme importateur massif de pétrole crée des tensions géopolitiques avec les États-Unis sur l’accès aux ressources pétrolières. Les États-Unis se trouvent également en porte-à-faux avec la politique étrangère que la Russie mène grâce à ses ressources énergétiques. Plus que toute autre source d’énergie, le pétrole est au cœur des tensions géopolitiques globales du fait de son monopole sur les moyens de transport. Ces tensions, qui se détérioreront avec la saturation prévue des ressources pétrolifères, ne pourront être réduites qu’en mettant fin au monopole du pétrole sur les moyens de transport, et ce en promouvant l’usage des biocarburants et des moteurs électriques.
Stratégie des compagnies pétrolières internationales et partage de la rente : le cas du Congo
Authors: Lamotte Olivier , Porcher Thomas
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article étudie les modalités de partage de la rente pétrolière entre firmes multinationales et pays hôtes. A partir du cas du Congo nous montrons que l’asymétrie d’information entre les acteurs constitue une composante majeure de la négociation des contrats pétroliers, dont dépendent les revenus générés par les pays producteurs.
Identification of Cd101 as a Susceptibility Gene for Novosphingobium aromaticivorans-Induced Liver Autoimmunity
Authors: Mohammed Javid P. , Fusakio Michael E. , Rainbow Daniel B. , Moule Carolyn , Fraser Heather I. , Clark Jan , Todd John A. , Peterson Laurence B. , Savage Paul B. , Wills-Karp Marsha , Ridgway William M. , Wicker Linda S. , Mattner Jochen
Published: May 2011

Environmental and genetic factors define the susceptibility of an individual to autoimmune disease. Although common genetic pathways affect general immunological tolerance mechanisms in autoimmunity, the effects of such genes could vary under distinct immune challenges within different tissues. In this study, we demonstrate this by observing that autoimmune type 1 diabetes-protective haplotypes at the insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility region 10 (Idd10) introgressed from chromosome 3 of C57BL/6 (B6) and A/J mice onto the NOD background increase the severity of autoimmune primary biliary cirrhosis induced by infection with Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, a ubiquitous alphaproteobacterium, when compared with mice having the NOD and NOD.CAST Idd10 type 1 diabetes-susceptible haplotypes. Substantially increased liver pathology in mice having the B6 and A/J Idd10 haplotypes correlates with reduced expression of CD101 on dendritic cells, macrophages, and granulocytes following infection, delayed clearance of N. aromaticivorans, and the promotion of overzealous IFN-γ– and IL-17–dominated T cell responses essential for the adoptive transfer of liver lesions. CD101-knockout mice generated on the B6 background also exhibit substantially more severe N. aromaticivorans-induced liver disease correlating with increased IFN-γ and IL-17 responses compared with wild-type mice. These data strongly support the hypothesis that allelic variation of the Cd101 gene, located in the Idd10 region, alters the severity of liver autoimmunity induced by N. aromaticivorans.
The Utility of Geometric Morphometrics to Elucidate Pathways of Cichlid Fish Evolution
Authors: Kerschbaumer Michaela , Sturmbauer Christian
Published: May 2011

Fishes of the family Cichlidae are famous for their spectacular species flocks and therefore constitute a model system for the study of the pathways of adaptive radiation. Their radiation is connected to trophic specialization, manifested in dentition, head morphology, and body shape. Geometric morphometric methods have been established as efficient tools to quantify such differences in overall body shape or in particular morphological structures and meanwhile found wide application in evolutionary biology. As a common feature, these approaches define and analyze coordinates of anatomical landmarks, rather than traditional counts or measurements. Geometric morphometric methods have several merits compared to traditional morphometrics, particularly for the distinction and analysis of closely related entities. Cichlid evolutionary research benefits from the efficiency of data acquisition, the manifold opportunities of analyses, and the potential to visualize shape changes of those landmark-based methods. This paper briefly introduces to the concepts and methods of geometric morphometrics and presents a selection of publications where those techniques have been successfully applied to various aspects of cichlid fish diversification.
Single Port Laparoscopic Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Chang Stephen Kin Yong , Mayasari Maria , Ganpathi Iyer Shridhar , Wen Victor Lee Tswen , Madhavan Krishnakumar
Published: May 2011

Single port laparoscopic surgery is an emerging technique, now commonly used in cholecystectomy. The experience of using this technique in liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma is described in a series of 3 cases with single port laparoscopic liver resection performed during 2010. All patients were male aged 61 to 70 years, with several comorbidities. There were no complications in this early series. The length of hospital stay was 3–5 days. The blood loss was 200–450 mL, with operating time between 142 and 171 minutes. We conclude that this technique is feasible and safe to perform in experienced centers.
Oxidative Stress and Vascular Damage in Hypertension: Role of Angiotensin II
Authors: Virdis Agostino , Duranti Emiliano , Taddei Stefano
Published: May 2011

Reactive oxygen species are oxygen derivates and play an active role in vascular biology. These compounds are generated within the vascular wall, at the level of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as by adventitial fibroblasts. In healthy conditions, ROS are produced in a controlled manner at low concentrations and function as signaling molecules regulating vascular contraction-relaxation and cell growth. Physiologically, the rate of ROS generation is counterbalanced by the rate of elimination. In hypertension, an enhanced ROS generation occurs, which is not counterbalanced by the endogenous antioxidant mechanisms, leading to a state of oxidative stress. In the present paper, major angiotensin II-induced vascular ROS generation within the vasculature, and relative sources, will be discussed. Recent development of signalling pathways whereby angiotensin II-driven vascular ROS induce and accelerate functional and structural vascular injury will be also considered.
Constructions of Chiral Polytopes of Small Rank
Authors: D’Azevedo Antonio Breda , Jones Gareth A. , Schulte Egon
Published: May 2011

An abstract polytope of rank n is said to be chiral if its automorphism group has precisely two orbits on the flags, such that adjacent flags belong to distinct orbits. This paper describes a general method for deriving new finite chiral polytopes from old finite chiral polytopes of the same rank. In particular, the technique is used to construct many new examples in ranks 3, 4, and 5.
Quandle Cocycle Invariants for Spatial Graphs and Knotted Handlebodies
Authors: Ishii Atsushi , Iwakiri Masahide
Published: May 2011

We introduce a flow of a spatial graph and see how invariants for spatial graphs and handlebody-links are derived from those for flowed spatial graphs. We define a new quandle (co)homology by introducing a subcomplex of the rack chain complex. Then we define quandle colorings and quandle cocycle invariants for spatial graphs and handlebody-links.
Isotope effects in N2O photolysis from first principles
Authors: Schmidt J. A. , Johnson M. S. , Schinke R.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. For the first time, accurate potential energy surfaces allow N2O cross sections and isotopic fractionation spectra to be derived that are in agreement with available experimental data (without ad hoc shifting), extending knowledge to a much broader range of conditions. Absorption spectra of rare N- and O-isotopologues (15N14N16O, 14N15N16O, 15N216O, 14N217O and 14N218O) calculated using wavepacket propagation are compared to the most abundant isotopologue (14N216O). The fractionation constants as a function of wavelength and temperature are in excellent agreement with experimental data. The study shows that excitations from the 3rd excited bending state, (0,3,0), and the first combination band, (1,1,0), are important for explaining the isotope effect at wavelengths longer than 210 nm. Only a small amount of the mass independent oxygen isotope anomaly observed in atmospheric N2O samples can be explained as arising from photolysis.
Averaged water potentials in soil water and groundwater, and their connection to menisci in soil pores, field-scale flow phenomena, and simple groundwater flows
Authors: de Rooij G. H.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. The movement of subsurface water is mostly studied at the pore scale and the Darcian scale, but the field and regional scales are of much larger societal interest. Volume-averaging has provided equations at these larger scales, but the required restrictions rendered them of little practical interest. Others hypothesized a direct connection at hydrostatic equilibrium between the average matric potential of a subsurface body of water and the average pressure drop over the menisci in the soil pores. The link between the volume-averaged potential energy of subsurface water bodies and large-scale fluxes remains largely unexplored. This paper treats the effect of menisci on the potential energy of the water behind them in some detail, and discusses some field-scale effects of pore-scale processes. Then, various published expressions for volume-averaged subsurface water potentials are compared. The intrinsic phase average is deemed the best choice. The hypothesized relationship between average matric potential and average meniscus curvature is found to be valid for unit gradient flow instead of hydrostatic equilibrium. Still, this restriction makes the relationship hold only for a specific depth range in the unsaturated zone under specific conditions, and certainly not for entire fields or catchments. In the groundwater, volume-averaged potential energy is of more use: for linearized, steady flows with flow lines that are parallel, radially diverging, and radially converging, proofs are derived for proportionality between averaged hydraulic potentials and fluxes towards open water at a fixed potential. For parallel flow, a simplified but relevant transient flow case also exhibits this proportionality.
Applicability of ensemble pattern scaling method on precipitation intensity indices at regional scale
Authors: Li Y. , Ye W.
Published: May 2011

Abstract. Pattern scaling constructs future climate change scenarios using the normalized change patterns of GCMs, offers the possibility of representing the whole range of uncertainties involved in future climate change projection. This paper investigates the applicability and uncertainty associated with the pattern scaling method in constructing the changes of future precipitation intensity indices at regional scale, using a two-step ensemble approach. In the first step, the linearity accuracy and GCM internal variability were examined explicitly. The inter-model variability of the GCMs and associated confidence intervals were produced in the second step ensemble. Australia and its 7 administrative regions was selected as the study area and three precipitation intensity indices, including two precipitation extreme indices, were used for the examination: i.e., the 99th percentile daily precipitation intensity (P99), the 20-yr-return extreme precipitation intensity (RP20), and the mean precipitation intensity (precipitation amount per wet day) (RPD). A total of 12 IPCC AR4 GCMs with 6 simulation samples were used for the ensemble. For the 3 precipitation intensity indices, good linear relationships between precipitation intensity indices change and global mean temperature change at the national level were found for most GCMs, however, the linear relationship weakened when the analysis was applied to the administrative regions. In addition, the GCM internal signal-to-noise ratios for each GCM tended to decrease at the regional and grid cell levels, along with the reduction in spatial scale. Both GCM-internal and inter-model variability was significant, and the inter-model variability was larger than GCM-internal variability. The final result of the inter-model ensemble median results show that for Australia, in general, all three indices will increase under global warming, with the change rates being 3.56, 7.62 and 2.26 % K−1 for P99, RP20 and RPD respectively at the national level.