bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Reliability-Driven Software Release Strategy Considering Testing Effort with Fault Detection and Correction Processes: A Control Theoretic Approach
Authors: Pradhan Sujit Kumar , Kumar Anil , Kumar Vijay
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we have introduced a software reliability growth model (SRGM) that integrates a Weibull testing effort function (TEF) within the software fault detection process (FDP) and fault correction process (FCP), effectively capturing the intricacies of software testing. Leveraging the least squared estimation method, we estimated both model parameters and the TEF, leading to a notably improved fit with the dataset and enhancing our comprehension of software reliability dynamics. Our approach also involved employing a reliability-based method to identify the optimal time for software release, further reinforcing the robustness of our model. Subsequently, we devised an optimal control model to minimize testing efforts throughout the software development life cycle. This work provides a comprehensive methodological framework for computing the total cost while ensuring debugging costs follow a learning curve pattern. Through numerical simulations involving hypothetical values and the Weibull TEF, we observed that once the software achieves the desired reliability for release, subsequent costs gradually decline to zero. In essence, both testing and future costs converge to zero post-release, reducing instantaneous expenses.
Automorphisms of simples Danielewski algebras
Authors: El Kahoui M’hammed , Hammi Aziza
Published: May 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative integral domain with unity that contains [Formula: see text]. In this paper we describe the [Formula: see text]-automorphism group of [Formula: see text]-algebras of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is quasi-monic and [Formula: see text] is quasi-monic of degree at least two with respect to [Formula: see text].
SSPH-Newton Iterative Method for Solving Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Guan Xuehao , Wang Rui
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a new kernel approximation is constructed based on the basic principle of kernel approximation of meshless symmetric smooth particle hydrodynamics (SSPH) method. The first derivative is calculated by constructing a symmetric matrix through Taylor series expansion. Replacing the derivative of Newton’s method, the SSPH-Newton iterative method for solving nonlinear equations is proposed. The advantage of this method is that it does not need to evaluate the derivative and overcomes the shortcomings of Newton’s method. The quadratic convergence of the new method is proved. Numerical and application examples show that the method has the same accuracy as Newton method, the efficiency index is higher than Newton method, and the calculation amount is lower than Newton method.
Finally: The X-ray crystal structure of the illusive unsubstituted iron(III) phthalocyanine μ-oxo(1) dimer. DFT-predicted Mössbauer quadrupole splitting and antiferromagnetic coupling constants for X-ray geometry
Authors: Nemykin Victor N. , Gerasimchuk Nikolay N. , Muldowney Breanna E.
Published: May 2024

The molecular structure of the unsubstituted iron(III) phthalocyanine [Formula: see text]-oxo(1) dimer ((PcFe)2O) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In agreement with the earlier speculations, the dimer has a bent (Fe-O-Fe angle is 152.4[Formula: see text]) structure. The interplay between the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] interactions and steric hindrances caused by the isoindole units led to the observed staggering angle of [Formula: see text]24[Formula: see text] between two phthalocyanine ligands. The high-spin iron(III) centers are located significantly above the phthalocyanine N4 planes (0.57–0.58 Å). Several DFT exchange-correlation functionals were used to calculate the absolute value and sign of the Mössbauer quadrupole splitting and antiferromagnetic coupling constant for X-ray determined geometry of (PcFe)2O. It was demonstrated that the hybrid functionals provide the correct sign of the electric field gradient and the magnitude of the antiferromagnetic coupling constant compared to the pure functionals.
A new ankylosaurian osteoderm from the Middle Jurassic Oxford Clay Formation, United Kingdom
Authors: Bestwick Jordan , Pond Stuart , Oliver Chloe L. , Nunn Martin , Smith Adam S.
Published: May 2024

Ankylosaurs are a characteristic group of dinosaurs recognized by their extensive coverings of dermal bony armour, known as osteoderms, across their bodies. The Oxford Clay Formation (Callovian–Oxfordian, Middle Jurassic) in the UK is important for understanding early ankylosaur evolution as it contains some of the earliest known ankylosaur material, including a cranial osteoderm from the basal-most ankylosaur
Sarcolestes
(and probable postcranial osteoderms). Here, we describe an isolated osteoderm from the Oxford Clay of Peterborough that exhibits a different morphology to other osteoderms from this formation. The specimen, although incomplete along its transverse axis, measures 52.7 mm by 41 mm. The osteoderm is subrectangular with a concave ventral surface and a low, rounded keel on its dorsal surface that protrudes beyond the posterior margin of the specimen base. This morphology is superficially more similar to the thoracic osteoderms of more derived Cretaceous ankylosaurs from North America (e.g.
Borealopelta
), than to
Sarcolestes
and other Jurassic ankylosaurs (e.g.
Dracopelta
,
Mymoorapelta
,
Tianchisaurus
), but could represent a currently unknown
Sarcolestes
morphology. Although its isolated nature prevents reliable identification of the taxon and the body part to which it belonged, the osteoderm nevertheless indicates a larger morphological diversity in the body armour of the earliest ankylosaurs than currently appreciated.
Mineral chemistry of chrome-diopside bearing lamprophyre from Mesoproterozoic Settupalle igneous complex of Prakasam alkaline province: insights on the magma dynamics at shallow lithospheric mantle beneath the NE margin of the Cuddapah basin, Southern India
Authors: Sridhar Nalluri , Reddy Ragi Mallikarjuna , Pandey Rohit , Naskar Sourav , Randive Kirtikumar , Singh Kumari Minu
Published: May 2024

The Eastern Dharwar Craton shows considerable variations in the activity of kimberlite, lamproite and lamprophyre and their related lithospheric thickness, thermal structure and magmatic source characteristics from the innermost core to the margin. These variations have been revealed through seismic studies and the analysis of xenoliths, and xenocrysts carried in alkaline magmas, particularly kimberlites. This study reports the occurrence of chrome-diopside phenocrysts from a lamprophyre of the Settupalle pluton, located on the northeastern margin of the Cuddapah basin, Prakasam alkaline province in South India. Studied lamprophyre are characterized by phenocrystic clinopyroxene (Cpx) and biotite, embedded in a groundmass of amphibole, biotite, opaques, calcite, feldspar, nepheline and sodalite, with the latter minerals forming ocellar structures. Clinopyroxene displays normal zoning, with a high Mg–Cr rich diopside core (up to 1.92 wt%) and a Na
2
O-, Al
2
O
3
, FeO and TiO
2
-enriched salite rim. These chemical variations, along with elemental substitutions from core to rim, indicate the significant role of fractionation in the evolution of lamprophyre magma. The lack of chemical disparity among the studied Cpx suggests closed system fractionation, under high oxygen fugacity conditions. Thermobarometry results indicate polybaric crystallization for the Cpx (1206–1269°C, 11.82–18.04 kbar) and biotite (825–856°C, 3.49–6.94 kbar). The gradient inferred from the pressure of the Cpx suggests that its crystallization occurred at a depth of 43–66 km, implying shallow lithospheric magma contribution for the genesis of the lamprophyre magma.
FedQV: Leveraging Quadratic Voting in Federated Learning
Authors: Chu Tianyue , Laoutaris Nikolaos
Published: May 2024

Federated Learning (FL) permits different parties to collaboratively train a global model without disclosing their respective local labels. A crucial step of FL, that of aggregating local models to produce the global one, shares many similarities with public decision-making, and elections in particular. In that context, a major weakness of FL, namely its vulnerability to poisoning attacks, can be interpreted as a consequence of the one person one vote (henceforth 1p1v) principle that underpins most contemporary aggregation rules. In this paper, we introduce FedQV, a novel aggregation algorithm built upon the quadratic voting scheme, recently proposed as a better alternative to 1p1v-based elections. Our theoretical analysis establishes that FedQV is a truthful mechanism in which bidding according to one's true valuation is a dominant strategy that achieves a convergence rate matching that of state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our empirical analysis using multiple real-world datasets validates the superior performance of FedQV against poisoning attacks. It also shows that combining FedQV with unequal voting "budgets'' according to a reputation score increases its performance benefits even further. Finally, we show that FedQV can be easily combined with Byzantine-robust privacy-preserving mechanisms to enhance its robustness against both poisoning and privacy attacks.
A Closer Look into IPFS: Accessibility, Content, and Performance
Authors: Shi Ruizhe , Cheng Ruizhi , Han Bo , Cheng Yue , Chen Songqing
Published: May 2024

The InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) has recently gained considerable attention. While prior research has focused on understanding its performance characterization and application support, it remains unclear: (1) what kind of files/content are stored in IPFS, (2) who are providing these files, (3) are these files always accessible, and (4) what affects the file access performance.

To answer these questions, in this paper, we perform measurement and analysis on over 4 million files associated with CIDs (content IDs) that appeared in publicly available IPFS datasets. Our results reveal the following key findings: (1) Mixed file accessibility: while IPFS is not designed for a permanent storage, accessing a non-trivial portion of files, such as those of NFTs and video streams, often requires multiple retrieval attempts, potentially blocking NFT transactions and negatively affecting the user experience. (2) Dominance of NFT (non-fungible token) and video files: about 50% of stored files are NFT-related, followed by a large portion of video files, among which about half are pirated movies and adult content. (3) Centralization of content providers: a small number of peers (top-50), mostly cloud nodes hosted by tech companies, serve a large portion (95%) of files, deviating from IPFS's intended design goal. (4) High variation of downloading throughput and lookup time: large file retrievals experience lower average throughput due to more overhead for resolving file chunk CIDs, and looking up files hosted by non-cloud nodes takes longer. We hope that our findings can offer valuable insights for (1) IPFS application developers to take into consideration these characteristics when building applications on top of IPFS, and (2) IPFS system developers to improve IPFS and similar systems to be developed for Web3.
Zero Tolerance for Bias
Authors: Kelly Terence
Published: May 2024

From gambling to military conscription, randomization makes crucial real-world decisions. With blood and treasure at stake, fairness is not negotiable. Unfortunately, bad advice and biased methods abound. We'll learn how to navigate around misinformation, develop sound methods, and compile checklists for design and code reviews.
Improving the exploitability of Simulated Adiabatic Bifurcation through a flexible and open-source digital architecture
Authors: Volpe Deborah , Cirillo Giovanni Amedeo , Zamboni Maurizio , Graziano Mariagrazia , Turvani Giovanna
Published: May 2024

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems exhibit exponential complexity, constraining classical computers from providing fast and satisfactory outcomes. Quantum Computers (QCs) can effectively find optimal or near-optimal solutions by exploring the solutions space of a problem encoded in a qubits system, exploiting principles of quantum mechanics. However, non-idealities and high costs limit their availability. These can be overcome by emulating QCs on cheaper and more accessible classical computing platforms, like Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).

This article presents a digital architecture, implementing the Ising-compatible Simulated Adiabatic Bifurcation algorithm. It mimics the quantum adiabatic evolution of a network of non-linear Kerr oscillators. The architecture, described in VHDL and targeting FPGAs, consists of processing elements for computing the Kerr oscillators’ evolution, a set of units considering their Ising-related interactions and an evolution variables update unit. The proposed approach includes a speedup-targeting approximation of the algorithm, a method for handling single-variable constraints, and a software model that allows architecture customization for specific problems. Tests were conducted using an Altera Cyclone V SoC with FPGA logic and the Nios II processor for interface purposes. The results demonstrate the functionality of the architecture and its scalability with the problem size, making it suitable for real-world applications.
Anomaly Detection in Dynamic Graphs: A Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ekle Ocheme Anthony , Eberle William
Published: May 2024

This survey article presents a comprehensive and conceptual overview of anomaly detection (AD) using dynamic graphs. We focus on existing graph-based AD techniques and their applications to dynamic networks. The contributions of this survey article include the following: (i) a comparative study of existing surveys on AD; (ii) aDynamic Graph-based anomaly detection (DGAD)review framework in which approaches for detecting anomalies in dynamic graphs are grouped based on traditional machine learning models, matrix transformations, probabilistic approaches, and deep learning approaches; (iii) a discussion of graphically representing both discrete and dynamic networks; and (iv) a discussion of the advantages of graph-based techniques for capturing the relational structure and complex interactions in dynamic graph data. Finally, this work identifies the potential challenges and future directions for detecting anomalies in dynamic networks. ThisDGADsurvey approach aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners by summarizing the strengths and limitations of each approach, highlighting current research trends, and identifying open challenges. In doing so, it can guide future research efforts and promote advancements in AD in dynamic graphs.
Understanding how pre- and probiotics affect the gut microbiome and metabolic health
Authors: Bock Patricia M. , Martins Andreza F. , Schaan Beatriz D.
Published: May 2024

The gut microbiome, a complex assembly of microorganisms, significantly impacts human health by influencing nutrient absorption, the immune system, and disease response. These microorganisms form a dynamic ecosystem that is critical to maintaining overall well-being. Prebiotics and probiotics are pivotal in regulating gut microbiota composition. Prebiotics nourish beneficial bacteria and promote their growth, whereas probiotics help maintain balance within the microbiome. This intricate balance extends to several aspects of health, including maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier, regulating immune responses, and producing metabolites crucial for metabolic health. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Impaired gut barrier function, endotoxemia, and low-grade inflammation are associated with toll-like receptors influencing proinflammatory pathways. Short-chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation modulate anti-inflammatory and immune system pathways. Prebiotics positively influence gut microbiota, whereas probiotics, especially Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, may improve metabolic outcomes, such as glycemic control in diabetes. It is important to consider strain-specific effects and study variability when interpreting these findings, highlighting the need for further research to optimize their therapeutic potential. The aim of this report is therefore to review the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic health and disease and the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on the gut microbiome and their therapeutic role, integrating a broad understanding of physiological mechanisms with a clinical perspective.
Adipocyte-specific inactivation of NAMPT, a key NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, causes a metabolically unhealthy lean phenotype in female mice during aging
Authors: Qi Nathan , Franczyk Michael P. , Yamaguchi Shintaro , Kojima Daiki , Hayashi Kaori , Satoh Akiko , Ogiso Noboru , Kanda Takeshi , Sasaki Yo , Finck Brian N. , DeBosch Brian J. , Yoshino Jun
Published: May 2024

Defective NAD+ metabolism is associated with aging and age-associated metabolic diseases. In the present study, we provided in-depth metabolic assessments in female mice with adipocyte-specific inactivation of a key NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme NAMPT and revealed an unexpected role of adipose tissue NAMPT-NAD+-PPAR-γ axis in maintaining functional integrity and quantity of adipose tissue and whole body metabolic health during the aging process.
Sex-based differences in persistent lung inflammation following influenza infection of juvenile outbred mice
Authors: Huckestein Brydie R. , Antos Danielle , Manni Michelle L. , Zeng Kelly , Miller Leigh M. , Parenteau Kristen L. , Gelhaus Stacy L. , Mullett Steven J. , Shoemaker Jason E. , Alcorn John F.
Published: May 2024

This study identifies sex-based differences in persistent lung inflammation following influenza infection in an outbred, juvenile animal model of pediatric infection. These findings indicate the importance of considering sex and age as variable in infectious disease research.
Differential cortical and subcortical visual processing with eyes shut
Authors: Cicero Nicholas G. , Klimova Michaela , Lewis Laura D. , Ling Sam
Published: May 2024

When we close our eyes coarse luminance information is still accessible by the visual system. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether eyelid closure plays a unique role in visual processing. We discovered that while the LGN and V1 show equivalent responses when the eyes are open or closed, extrastriate cortex exhibited attenuated responses with eye closure. This suggests that when the eyes are closed, downstream visual processing is blind to this information.
Syngas Purpose Pyrolysis‐Gasification of Organic Fractions of MSW over Metal‐Loaded Y‐Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Horváth Dominik , Tomasek Szabina , Bobek-Nagy Janka , Tóth Eliza , Kurdi Róbert , Miskolczi Norbert
Published: May 2024

The increasing environmental consideration and the growth of instability of the energy market call for methods that can process the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into fuel instead of disposal. Due to the pyrolysis and gasification that are efficient procedures to achieve valuable products, gasification of OFMSW with different particle sizes and compositions was carried out in the presence of Ni and Ni‐Ce‐loaded Y‐zeolite in a multizone tubular kiln reactor. During the experiments, 500°C was applied in the first reactor zone, while the 2nd zone was at an elevated temperature of 600°C or 900°C in the presence of steam. The combined pyrolysis and gasification experiments were also carried out without a catalyst with the same operating conditions. The feedstock was collected from the organic fraction of a Hungarian mechanical‐biological treatment (MBT) plant and was separated into four different fractions based on particle size: <1 cm dry biomass and fine particles, 1‐2 cm paper‐rich, 2‐6 cm paper and plastic‐rich feedstocks, and <6 cm mixture of these fractions. During the experimental work, product yields; gaseous product composition; the ratio of H2/CO, CO2/CO, and CH4/CO; and lower heating value were determined in the function of feedstock composition, the applied temperature, and catalysts. It was found that the hydrogen content and H2/CO ratio of gaseous products were increased due to catalyst application and temperature elevation in the 2nd reactor zone. The addition of Ce to the Ni/Y‐zeolite catalyst was advantageous in the case of hydrogen formation at a lower temperature (600°C). The hydrogen and methane content of products obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis‐gasification of paper and plastic‐rich OFMSWs on elevated temperatures were higher, which increased the lower heating value of those products. Based on the elemental analysis of the obtained solid residues, it was found that paper/plastic‐rich feedstock released hydrogen and carbon with a higher extent. 1‐2 cm feedstock‐related solid residues had the highest H/C ratio which caused a 12.5‐12.8 MJ/kg gross heating value. As a result, combined pyrolysis and gasification appear to be an efficient method to attain valuable outputs from OFMSW not only in gas but also in solid products.
Attenuation of Coda and Body Waves for Tbilisi and Surrounding Area, Georgia
Authors: Shengelia Ia , Jorjiashvili Nato , Godoladze Tea , Buzaladze Albert
Published: May 2024

The attenuation of high-frequency seismic waves was investigated in the crust beneath Tbilisi and the surrounding territory by analysing 225 local earthquakes that occurred from 2008 to 2020 and were recorded by eight seismic stations. The quality factors of coda waves QC and direct P and S waves, QP and QS, were estimated using the single backscattering model and the extended coda normalization method, respectively. The separation of intrinsic quality factors Qi from scattering quality factor QSC was fulfilled by Wennerberg’s method. Observed results show that all evaluated attenuation parameters are frequency-dependent in the frequency range of 1-32 Hz and increase with increasing frequency. Coda QC values increase also with increasing lapse time window from 20 s to 50 s and vary from 91±5 at 1.5 Hz to 1779±108 at 24 Hz, respectively. P waves attenuate slightly faster than S waves, and the ratio of QS/QP is more than unity and varies in a range of 1.5-1.8. The intrinsic and scattering quality factors are expressed by the following power laws: Qi=77±4f0.930±0.046 and QSC=219±6f0.924±0.050. The results show that Qi is close to QC, but QSC is larger than Qi, which means that intrinsic attenuation has a dominant role compared with the scattering effect. Our results were compared with those obtained in two other seismically active regions of Georgia, as well as with regions of the world. In general, the observed quality factors and their frequency-dependent relationships follow a similar trend, characterizing seismically active regions with complex tectonics. The calculated attenuation parameters characterize the entire earth’s crust under Tbilisi and the surrounding area. The results obtained will be useful in future seismological studies since the Q parameters are estimated for the first time for the given region.
Performance Evaluation of AquaCrop Model of Tomato under Stage Wise Deficit Drip Irrigation at Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Yersaw Babur Tesfaye , Ebstu Edmealem Temesgen , Areru Destaw Akili , Asres Ligalem Agegn
Published: May 2024

Crop modeling is a powerful tool for predicting yield and water productivity. The aim of the study was to calibrate and validate the AquaCrop model for tomato under staged deficit drip irrigation in Ethiopia. The AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated by using the observed data of canopy cover, biomass, dry yield, and soil water content. The results showed that the model was accurate in predicting canopy cover, biomass, and dry yield under different water levels. The overall performance in simulating canopy cover of AquaCrop, biomass, and soil water content showed a good match between measured and simulated data. The calibration results indicated good performance on canopy cover with 0.96 ≤ r ≤ 1.00, 2.9% ≤ RMSE ≤ 8.0%, 7.5% ≤ CV (RMSE) ≤ 21.1%, 0.91 ≤ EF ≤ 0.99, and 0.98 ≤ d ≤ 1.00. On biomass, the model calibration values were 0.99 ≤ r ≤ 1.00, 0.3 t/ha ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.8 t/ha, 8.3% ≤ CV (RMSE) ≤ 25.2%, 0.92 ≤ EF ≤ 0.99, and 0.98 ≤ d ≤ 1.00. Soil water content displayed poor performance on calibration, with performance values of 0.54 ≤ r ≤ 0.82, 3.6 mm ≤ RMSE ≤ 24.4 mm, 1.30% ≤ CV (RMSE) ≤ 9.00%, −4.18 ≤ EF ≤ 0.00, and 0.66 ≤ d ≤ 0.81. The validation results demonstrated that the model performed well on canopy cover with 0.96 ≤ r ≤ 1.00, 3.1% ≤ RMSE ≤ 7.7%, 8.2% ≤ CV (RMSE) ≤ 20.8%, EF ≥ 0.91, and d ≥ 0.9. The model validation correctly predicted biomass with r ≥ 0.98, 0.3 t/ha ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.7 t/ha, 8.9% ≤ CV (RMSE) ≤ 21.8%, EF ≥ 0.94, and d ≥ 0.98. The model validation poorly performed in forecasting soil water content, 0.20 ≤ r ≤ 0.80, 10.2 t/ha ≤ RMSE ≤ 24.0 t/ha, 3.5% ≤ CV (RMSE) ≤ 9.0%, −22.76 ≤ EF ≤ 0.63, and 0.40 ≤ d ≤ 0.87. The AquaCrop model is easy to use, requires less input data, and has high simulation accuracy, making it a useful tool for predicting crop yields and water productivity under staged deficit irrigation in areas with limited data.
The Nurse‐Patient Relationship in Nursing Documentation: The Scope and Quality of Interactions and Prevalent Interventions in Inpatient Mental Health Units
Authors: Pérez-Toribio Alonso , Moreno-Poyato Antonio R. , Lluch-Canut María Teresa , El-Abidi Khadija , Rubia-Ruiz Gema , Rodríguez-López Ana María , Pérez-Moreno Juan J. , Pastor-Bernabeu Marcelino Vicente , Sánchez-Balcells Sara , Ventosa-Ruiz Ana , Puig-Llobet Montserrat , Roldán-Merino Juan F.
Published: May 2024

Aims. (i) To evaluate the scope and quality of nurse‐patient interactions recorded in the clinical notes of inpatient mental health units and (ii) to identify nursing interventions recorded in the context of the nurse‐patient relationship in the clinical notes of inpatient mental health units. Design. A multimethod approach was use. Methods. Employing a quantitative cross‐sectional design for the first aim, and a qualitative content analysis design of secondary data for the second aim. In total, 1,714 clinical notes were examined from 44 randomly selected patients who were hospitalized in five mental health units over the years 2022‐2023. Results. The patient’s experience of the interaction was present in 69.9% (n = 1,198) of the notes. However, only 12.0% (n = 205) of the notes reached a sufficient standard of quality in terms of describing the nurse‐patient interactions. Specifically, more than half of the notes did not reflect any type of nursing intervention (n = 723; 60.4%). Thirty interventions compatible with the nursing intervention classification were identified, of which more than 70% corresponded to domains in the physiological area. Conclusion. This study shows that the quantity and scope of patients’ clinical notes in mental health units do not sufficiently reflect the interventions performed by nurses, nor the quality or impact of these interventions in the context of the nurse‐patient therapeutic relationship. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care. Improving the quality of clinical notes by integrating interventions and their impact can increase the quality of nursing care. Impact. The use of standardized nursing terminologies would contribute to the understanding of the extent and quality of nurse‐patient interactions recorded in clinical notes. Thus, standardized documentation would also help to improve these interactions and their recording, which will facilitate decision‐making. Reporting Method. Findings were reported using COREQ and STROBE guidelines. Patient or Public Contributions. There were no patient or public contributions.
Characterization and Engineered U1 snRNA Rescue of Splicing Variants in a Turkish Neurodevelopmental Disease Cohort
Authors: Sönmezler Ece , Stuani Cristiana , Hız Kurul Semra , Güngör Serdal , Buratti Emanuele , Oktay Yavuz
Published: May 2024

Although they are rare in the population, rare neurodevelopmental disorders (RNDDs) constitute a significant portion of all rare diseases. While advancements in sequencing technologies led to improvements in diagnosing and managing rare neurodevelopmental diseases, accurate pathogenicity classification of the identified variants is still challenging. Sequence variants altering pre-mRNA splicing make up a significant part of pathogenic variants. Despite advances in the in silico prediction tools, noncanonical splice site variants are one of the groups of variants that pose a challenge in their clinical interpretation. In this study, we analyzed the effects of seven splicing variants we had previously proposed as disease-causing and demonstrated that all but one of the seven variants had a strong or moderate effect on splicing, as assessed by a minigene assay. Next, applying U1 snRNAs engineered for different splicing variants in the corresponding genes and expressed with minigene plasmids in HeLa cells provided a partial correction in four of the studied genes to varying degrees. Findings from our study highlight the importance of in vitro minigene-based assays for the reclassification of putative splice-altering variants of uncertain significance and the therapeutic potential of modified U1 snRNAs in RNDDs.
Optimizing Transit Network Departure Frequency considering Congestion Effects
Authors: Tan Wei , Peng Xiaodong , Huang Jun , Wang Yuwen , Qiu Jiandong , Liu Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces a bilevel programming model for optimizing transit network departure frequency. In the upper‐level model, user satisfaction is reflected by considering congestion effects in the cost function. The lower‐level assignment model simulates passenger travel behavior more realistically by incorporating congestion effects. This problem is solved by a heuristic gradient descent algorithm, where an approximation of the gradient is obtained at each iteration by using sensitivity analysis for transit equilibrium problems. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is demonstrated through two test examples, one of which involves a real‐world scenario comprising over 130 transit lines. Numerical results conclusively indicate that the incorporation of congestion effects in the proposed model leads to improved transit system performance and enhanced user satisfaction.
Correlation between Corneal Volume and Corneal Biomechanics and Corneal Volume Significance in Staging and Diagnosing Keratoconus
Authors: Wu Zhiqing , Zhang Yaohua , Li Yong , Yang Fang , Su Xirui , Gao Yan , Wei Shengsheng , Li Jing
Published: May 2024

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between corneal volume (CV) at different zones and corneal biomechanics in keratoconus (KC) along with the significance of CV in diagnosing and staging KC. Methods. This prospective clinical study included 456 keratoconic eyes (Group B) and 198 normal eyes (Group A). Using the topographic KC classification method, Group B was divided into subgroups based on severity (mild, moderate, and severe). The CVs of the 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm zones and biomechanical parameters were obtained by Pentacam and Corvis ST. The diagnostic utility of multirange CVs at different disease stages and severity was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results. The CV of the 7-mm zone had the strongest correlation with A1V, A2T, PD, DA ratio max (2 mm), DA ratio max (1 mm), ARTh, integrated radius, SPA1, and CBI p<0.01. The CVs of the Group B subgroups were significantly lower than those of Group A for each diameter range p<0.05. There were significant differences between the severe, mild, and moderate subgroups for the 3 mm zone (p<0.05, all). The 3 mm zone CV exhibited better diagnostic ability in each group for distinguishing KC from the normal cornea (Groups A vs. B: area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.926, Groups A vs. B1: AUC = 0.894, Groups A vs. B2: AUC = 0.925, Groups A vs. B3: AUC = 0.953). Conclusion. The CV significantly decreased in keratoconic eyes. Progressive thinning in the 3 mm zone may be a valuable measurement for detecting and staging KC. Combining the CV examination with corneal biomechanical information may effectively enhance the ability to detect KC.
Treatability of the KMT2-Associated Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using Antisense Oligonucleotide-Based Treatments
Authors: Zardetto Bianca , van Roon-Mom Willeke , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , Lauffer Marlen C.
Published: May 2024

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) of genetic origin are a group of early-onset neurological diseases with highly heterogeneous etiology and a symptomatic spectrum that includes intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and learning and language disorders. One group of rare NDDs is associated with dysregulation of the KMT2 protein family. Members of this family share a common methyl transferase function and are involved in the etiology of rare haploinsufficiency disorders. For each of the KMT2 genes, at least one distinct disorder has been reported, yet clinical manifestations often overlap for multiple of these individually very rare disorders. Clinical care is currently focused on the management of symptoms with no targeted treatments available, illustrating a high unmet medical need and the urgency of developing disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are one option to treat some of these rare genetic disorders. ASOs are RNA-based treatments that can be employed to modulate gene expression through various mechanisms. In this work, we discuss the phenotypic features across the KMT2-associated NDDs and which ASO approaches are most suited for the treatment of each associated disorder. We hereby address variant-specific strategies as well as options applicable to larger groups of patients.
Prediction of the Signaling Pathway in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using an Integrated Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Fadilah Fadilah , Ermanto Budi , Bowolaksono Anom , Asmarinah Asmarinah , Maidarti Mila , Prawiningrum Aisyah Fitriannisa , Hafidzhah Muhammad Aldino , Erlina Linda , Paramita Rafika Indah , Wiweko Budi
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to define the underlying biological mechanisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) utilizing the protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) that were constructed based on the putative disease-causing genes for PCOS. Design: No animals were used in this research because this is an in silico study that mainly uses software and online analysis tools. Participants/Materials, Settings: Gene datasets related to PCOS were obtained from Genecards. Methods: The PPINs of PCOS were created using the String Database after genes related to PCOS were obtained from Genecards. After that, we performed an analysis of the hub-gene clusters extracted from the PPIN using the ShinyGO algorithm. In the final step of this research project, functional enrichment analysis was used to investigate the primary biological activities and signaling pathways that were associated with the hub clusters. Results: The Genecards database provided the source for the identification of a total of 1,072 potential genes related to PCOS. The PPIN that was generated by using the genes that we collected above contained a total of 82 genes and three different types of cluster interaction interactions. In addition, after conducting research on the PPIN with the shinyGO plug-in, 19 of the most important gene clusters were discovered. The primary biological functions that were enriched in the key clusters that were developed were ovarian steroidogenesis, the breast cancer pathway, regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism by the AMPK pathway, and ovarian steroidogenesis. The integrated analysis that was performed in the current study demonstrated that these hub clusters and their connected genes are closely associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS. Limitations: Several of the significant genes that were identified in this study, such as ACVR1, SMAD5, BMP6, SMAD3, SMAD4, and anti-mullerian hormone. It is necessary to do additional research using large samples, several centers, and multiple ethnicities in order to verify these findings. Conclusions: The integrated analysis that was performed in the current study demonstrated that these hub clusters and their connected genes are closely associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS. This information may possibly bring unique insights for the treatment of PCOS as well as the investigation of its underlying pathogenic mechanism.
Age-Related Variations in Patterns of Patent Foramen Ovale-Stroke versus Other Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Punsalan Monique Therese S. , Jeong Han-Yeong , Jung Keun-Hwa , Ha Sue Young , Lee Eung-Joon , Yang Wookjin , Kang Dong-Wan , Kim Jeong-Min , Lee Seung-Hoon
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Patent foramen ovale (PFO)-stroke, a form of cryptogenic stroke, has certain identifying clinical and imaging features. However, data describing this stroke type remain inconsistent. This study examined the potential variations in PFO-stroke features, depending on age. Methods: From a hospital registry, cryptogenic stroke patients were retrospectively selected, and PFO-strokes were identified by the presence of >10 microembolic signals on transcranial Doppler saline agitation test. Cryptogenic strokes were grouped according to age (<70 as young, ≥70 as elderly). Clinical and imaging variables of PFO-strokes and non-PFO-strokes were compared, with and without age considered. Results: Of the 462 cryptogenic patients, 30.5% (141/462) were PFO-strokes, while majority (321/462) had no PFO. When cryptogenic strokes were analyzed by age, the significant difference was noted in the lesion number, pattern, and side. A single (72.8 vs. 57.9%, p = 0.020) and a small single lesion (51.1 vs. 35.5%, p = 0.039) were frequently seen in the younger PFO-strokes than the non-PFO counterpart, while mixed territory lesions identified the elderly PFO-strokes (30.6 vs. 8.9%, p = 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis of PFO-strokes further showed that age was independently associated with lesion side (OR 1.12 [1.05–1.20], p < 0.001) and lesion number (OR 1.06 [1.02–1.10], p = 0.005). Conclusions: Incorporating age-specific imaging criteria in the identification of PFO-strokes may be of additional value. Further, PFO may remain contributory to the stroke risk in the elderly, in association with vascular risk factors.
Cosmogorama bakongo e brujo-chamanismo como alternativas críticas a modernidade eurocentrada na América Latina
Authors: Mendes Rogerio
Published: May 2024

Ao presentar como operam e sistematizam-se as cosmogonias e as cosmovisões originárias e africanas no continente americano pretende-se dispor de sensibilidades capazes de articular o pensamento ancestral como alternativa crítica à Modernidade Eurocentrada.  A partir do conceito cimarronaje (Mendes, 2019) brujo-chamaniusmo (Busso, 2011)o estudo apresenta a ideia de resistência ancestral como eixos que fundamentam pensamento crítico  a partir da redefinição entre humanidade e natureza ao mesmo tempo que firmaria marcos teóricos genuínos e criticidade orgânica em acordo experiência histórica. O objetivo seria o de promover impulsos para o desenvolvimento de projetos críticos (éticos) e criativos (estéticos) baseados na relevância dos povos originários e afrodescendentes no processo de formação das sociedades latino-americanas. Espera-se, com isso, contribuir para ajustes e avanços de uma Historiografia e Crítica Literária Latino-Americana comprometida com os fundamentos de sua representatividade histórica e Educação.
Abordagem Big Data-Saúde Planetária para avaliação do Programa de Combate à Dengue
Authors: Xavier Fernando , Barbosa Gerson Laurindo , Marques Cristiano Corrêa de Azevedo , Saraiva Antonio Mauro
Published: May 2024

OBJETIVO: Integrar os conceitos de Saúde Planetária e Big Data ao modelo de Donabedian, para avaliar o Programa de Combate à Dengue no estado de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram adotados métodos de Ciência de Dados para integração e análise de dados relacionados à dengue, agregando o contexto aos componentes de estrutura e de resultado do modelo de Donabedian. Esses dados, considerando o período de 2010 a 2019, foram coletados de fontes como Datasus, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), WorldClim e MapBiomas, e integrados em um Data Warehouse. Para a identificação de grupos com contextos similares, foi utilizado o algoritmo K-means. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises estatísticas e visualizações espaciais dos grupos, considerando variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, solo, estrutura de saúde e casos de dengue. RESULTADOS: Com o uso das variáveis climáticas, o algoritmo K-means identificou quatro grupos de municípios com características similares. A comparação dos seus indicadores revelou certos padrões nos municípios com pior desempenho quanto aos resultados de casos de dengue. Embora tivessem melhores condições econômicas, eles tinham menor número médio de agentes comunitários e de unidades básicas de saúde por habitante. Dessa forma, as condições econômicas não refletiram em melhor estrutura de saúde nos três indicadores avaliados. Outra característica desses municípios é a urbanização. Os municípios de pior desempenho tinham maior taxa de população urbana e de modificações antrópicas relacionadas à urbanização. CONCLUSÕES: Por meio desta metodologia, foi possível identificar importantes deficiências nas condições para a execução do programa de combate à dengue no estado de São Paulo. A integração de diversas bases de dados e a utilização de métodos de Ciência de Dados permitiram a avaliação do programa em larga escala, considerando o contexto em que as ações são executadas. Dessa forma, a gestão pública pode utilizar as informações coletadas para planejar ações e investir de acordo com as deficiências de cada local.
A Georgian Embassy to Spain and Rome (1495–1497) and Lithuanian Diplomacy
Authors: Korogodina Maria
Published: May 2024

Constantine II, King of Kartli, sent an embassy to Queen Isabella of Castile and Pope Alexander VI in 1495 in the hope of concluding an anti-Ottoman alliance. On the way back, the ambassadors visited the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where two letters from King Constantine II were translated. One of them, addressed to Pope Alexander VI, has so far remained unknown. The discovery of this letter, and the study and edition of its text, which are the subject of this paper, allow us to fill in the gaps in information about the Georgian embassy and to understand more accurately the interests and aspirations of European sovereigns, including far beyond the borders of Georgia and the Vatican.
Making Something Out of (Almost) Nothing?
Authors: Botticelli Veronica
Published: May 2024

With an ever-increasing number of reports denouncing systematic mistreatments against Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic minorities detained in Xinjiang ‘re-education’ camps, the time is ripe for the international community to explore possible judicial and quasi-judicial avenues to hold China to account. Excluding from the present analysis unilateral sanctions, as well as possible investigations and proceedings before international criminal tribunals, this article focuses on the role of inter-State human rights communications in securing justice. Given China’s enduring reluctance to engage in dispute settlement mechanisms – particularly by formulating reservations to compromissory clauses enshrined in human rights treaties –, the quest for accountability poses significant challenges. By broadening the inquiry to alternative avenues, such as the inter-State quasi-judicial communication procedure under both the icerd and the ilo’s Constitution, as well as addressing the feasibility of requesting an icj’s advisory opinion as an inter-State case in disguise, it is still possible to envisage narrow pathways that might be worth pursuing.
Two new species of Trigona Jurine, 1807 with an illustrated key for the species occurring in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: RIBEIRO CRISTIANO FEITOSA , NOGUEIRA DAVID SILVA , OLIVEIRA FAVÍZIA FREITAS DE , OLIVEIRA MARCIO LUIZ DE
Published: May 2024

Trigona Jurine, 1807 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) is one of the most diverse stingless bee genera, with Neotropical distribution, and the greatest diversity in Brazil. Two new species are here described and illustrated: T. (Kt.) almeidae sp. nov. and T. (Ne.) rondoniensis sp. nov. With the description of these two new species, the genus now contains 37 valid species. A key for the identification of Trigona species with occurrence records for Brazil is also provided.
8. Playing Modern
Authors: Mehl Margaret
Published: May 2024

Chapter 8, ‘Playing Modern: Blending Japanese and Western Music’, examines the widespread, albeit short-lived, fashion for performing Japanese music (chiefly koto and shamisen genres) on Western instruments, particularly the piano or organ and the violin; a practice known as wayō setchû (mixing Japanese and Western elements), wayō chōwa gaku (music harmonizing Japanese and Western elements), or wayō gassō (Japanese-Western ensemble playing). The propagators of the practice can be categorized loosely as ‘reformers’ and entrepreneurs.’ The former group consisted largely of graduates from the Tokyo Academy of Music. Their arguments about the importance of music reform were similar to those of the older Meiji elite, but in practice, their musical training resulted in their privileging Western music in the long run. More persistent was a grass-roots trend, promoted by enterprising musicians, often performers of indigenous music. They published sheet music in Western staff notation. This marked a departure from studying Japanese music in the traditional way of direct transmission from teacher to student, because it enabled independent study without a teacher. Wayō setchû, although frowned upon by the contemporary musical establishment in the capital, is regarded as having facilitated the assimilation of Western music. Another aspect, however, are the changing practices within traditional Japanese music. The practice suggests that the strict separation between Western and Japanese music (which from around 1900 began to be called hōgaku), was not a foregone conclusion, despite the privileging of Western music by the government.
11. The World in Sendai
Authors: Mehl Margaret
Published: May 2024

Chapter 11, ‘The World in Sendai’ investigates the types of ‘Western music’ that were actually performed in concerts in Sendai. This is the main theme of. Based on the programmes of local concerts between 1907 and 1921 published in the magazine Ongakukai (World of music), this chapter shows how local concerts, in which different groups came together to perform an eclectic repertoire to a mixed audience, helped transform the people of Sendai into members of a nation within a wider world of nations. The modern institution of the public concert represented a space where Japanese and foreigners met and played and listened to music that was being performed and heard worldwide. The repertoire included a wide range of genres and countries of origin. Together, this variety, and the locations, scenes, and stories evoked by the pieces reveal much that is obscured by the blanket term, ‘Western music’. Works from the narrow canon of the ‘great masters’ of European art music, in fact, represented only a small fraction of what was performed. For example, the programme of a concert in Sendai in February 1916 included the ‘Tipperary Song’, sung by a Japanese high school student. Published in 1912 and first recorded in 1914, the song evokes to this day the image of British Soldiers marching in the First World War. In fact, three months after the Sendai concert, in the naval battle of Jutland, 26 survivors of the wreck of the Tipperary were reportedly recognized and rescued, when they sang, ‘It’s a long, way...’ It is hard to beat this conjunction as an illustration of music’s power as a force of global integration.