bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying urban, industrial, and background changes in NO2 during the COVID-19 lockdown period based on TROPOMI satellite observations
Authors: Fioletov Vitali , McLinden Chris A. , Griffin Debora , Krotkov Nickolay , Liu Fei , Eskes Henk
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The COVID-19 lockdown had a large impact on anthropogenic emissions of air pollutants and particularly on nitrogen dioxide (NO2). While the overall NO2 decline over some large cities is
well-established, understanding the details remains a challenge since
multiple source categories contribute. In this study, a new method of
isolation of three components (background NO2, NO2 from urban
sources, and NO2 from industrial point sources) is applied to estimate the impact
of the COVID-19 lockdown on each of them. The approach is based on fitting
satellite data by a statistical model with empirical plume dispersion
functions driven by a meteorological reanalysis. Population density and
surface elevation data as well as coordinates of industrial sources were
used in the analysis. The tropospheric NO2 vertical column density
(VCD) values measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor over 261 urban areas for the period from 16 March to 15 June 2020 were compared with the average VCD values for the same period in 2018 and 2019. While the background NO2 component remained almost unchanged, the urban NO2 component
declined by −18 % to −28 % over most regions. India, South America, and
a part of Europe (particularly, Italy, France, and Spain) demonstrated a
−40 % to −50 % urban emission decline. In contrast, the decline over
urban areas in China, where the lockdown was over during the analysed
period, was, on average, only -4.4±8 %. Emissions from large
industrial sources in the analysed urban areas varied greatly from region to region from -4.8±6 % for China to -40±10 %
for India. Estimated changes in urban emissions are correlated with changes
in Google mobility data (the correlation coefficient is 0.62) confirming
that changes in traffic were one of the key elements in the decline in urban
NO2 emissions. No correlation was found between changes in background
NO2 and Google mobility data. On the global scale, the background and
urban components were remarkably stable in 2018, 2019, and 2021, with
averages of all analysed areas all being within ±2.5 % and
suggesting that there were no substantial drifts or shifts in TROPOMI data.
The 2020 data are clearly an outlier: in 2020, the mean background component for all analysed areas (without China) was -6.0%±1.2 % and the mean urban component was -26.7±2.6 % or 20σ below the baseline level from the other years.
Quality assessment of Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)-observed cloud properties using SKYNET surface observation data
Authors: Khatri Pradeep , Hayasaka Tadahiro , Irie Hitoshi , Letu Husi , Nakajima Takashi Y. , Ishimoto Hiroshi , Takamura Tamio
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) onboard the Global Change Observation Mission – Climate (GCOM-C) satellite, launched on 23 December 2017,
observes various geophysical parameters with the aim of better understanding the global climate system. As part of that aim, SGLI has great
potential to unravel several uncertainties related to clouds by providing new cloud products along with several other atmospheric products related
to cloud climatology, including aerosol products from polarization channels. However, very little is known about the quality of the SGLI cloud
products. This study uses data about clouds and global irradiances observed from the Earth's surface using a sky radiometer and a pyranometer,
respectively, to understand the quality of the two most fundamental cloud properties – cloud optical depth (COD) and cloud-particle effective
radius (CER) – of both water and ice clouds. The SGLI-observed COD agrees well with values observed from the surface, although it agrees better for
water clouds than for ice clouds, while the SGLI-observed CER exhibits poorer agreement than does the COD, with SGLI values being generally
higher than the sky radiometer values. These comparisons between the SGLI and sky radiometer cloud properties are found to differ for different
cloud types of both the water and ice cloud phases and different solar and satellite viewing angles by agreeing better for relatively uniform and
flat cloud type and for relatively low solar zenith angle. Analyses of SGLI-observed reflectance functions and values calculated by assuming
plane-parallel cloud layers suggest that SGLI-retrieved cloud properties can have biases in the solar and satellite viewing angles, similar to other
satellite sensors including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Furthermore, it is found that the SGLI-observed cloud
properties reproduce global irradiances quite satisfactorily for both water and ice clouds by resembling several important features of the COD
comparison, such as better agreement for water clouds than for ice clouds and the tendency to underestimate (resp. overestimate) the COD in SGLI
observations for optically thick (resp. thin) clouds.
Fossilization of Precambrian microfossils in the Volyn pegmatite, Ukraine
Authors: Franz Gerhard , Lyckberg Peter , Khomenko Vladimir , Chournousenko Vsevolod , Schulz Hans-Martin , Mahlstedt Nicolaj , Wirth Richard , Glodny Johannes , Gernert Ulrich , Nissen Jörg
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We report on Precambrian microfossils from igneous rocks of the Volyn
pegmatite district, associated with the Paleoproterozoic Korosten pluton,
northwestern Ukraine. The fossils were recovered from meter-sized miarolitic
cavities and show a well-preserved 3D morphology, mostly filamentous but
with a large variety of types and also in irregular, flaky shapes
reminiscent of former biofilms, as well as rare spherical objects. Based on
literature data, pyrolysis experiments, and reflected light microscopy
results, the organic matter (OM) is characterized as (oxy-)kerite. Further
investigations with microscopic techniques, including scanning and
transmission electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis show that
fossilization likely occurred during a hydrothermal, post-pegmatitic event
by silicification dominantly in the outermost 1–2 µm of the
microfossils. The hydrothermal fluid, derived from the pegmatitic
environment, was enriched in SiF4, Al, Ca, Na, K, Cl, and S. The OM
shows O enrichment in which N and S content is low, indicating simultaneous N
and S loss during anaerobic oxidation. Mineralization with Al silicates
starts at the rim of the microfossils, continuing in its outer parts into
identifiable encrustations and intergrowths of clay minerals, feldspar,
Ca sulfate, Ca phosphate, Fe sulfide, and fluorite. Breccias, formed during collapse of some the miarolitic cavities, contain
decaying OM, which released high concentrations of dissolved NH4+,
responsible for the late-stage formation of tobelite-rich
muscovite and buddingtonite. The age of the fossils can be restricted to the time between the
pegmatite formation, at ∼1.760 Ga, and the breccia formation
at ∼1.49 Ga. As the geological environment for the growth of the
microorganisms and fossilization, we assume a geyser system in which the
essential biological components C, N, S, and P for growth of the organisms
in the miarolitic cavities were derived from microorganisms at the surface.
Fossilization was induced by magmatic SiF4-rich fluids. The Volyn
occurrence is a distinct and uncommon example of Precambrian fossils, and the
results underline the importance of cavities in granitic rocks as a possible
habitat for microorganisms preserved in the deep biosphere.
Nitrophobic ectomycorrhizal fungi are associated with enhanced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter in a Norway spruce forest
Authors: Almeida Juan Pablo , Rosenstock Nicholas , Woche Susanne , Guggenberger Georg , Wallander Håkan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In boreal forests an important part of the photo assimilates are allocated belowground to support ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) symbiosis. The production of EMF extramatrical mycelium can contribute to carbon (C) sequestration in soils but the extent of this contribution depends on the composition of the EMF community. Some species can decrease soil C stocks by degrading soil organic matter (SOM) and certain species may enhance soil C stocks by producing hydrophobic mycelia which can reduce the rate of SOM decomposition. To test how EMF communities contribute to the development of hydrophobicity in SOM we incubated sand-filled fungal-ingrowth meshbags amended with maize compost for one, two or three growing seasons in non-fertilized and fertilized plots in a young Norway spruce (Picea abies) forest. We measured hydrophobicity as determined by the contact angle, the C / N ratios in the meshbags contents along with the amount of new C entering the meshbags from outside (determined by C3 input to C4 substrate), and related that to the fungal community composition. The proportion of EMF species increased over time to become the dominant fungal guild after three growing seasons. Fertilization significantly reduced fungal growth and altered EMF communities. In the control plots the most abundant EMF species was Piloderma oliviceum, which was absent in the fertilized plots. The hydrophobicity of the meshbag contents reached the highest values after three growing seasons only in the unfertilized controls plots and was positively related to the abundance of P. olivaceum, the C / N ratios of the meshbag contents, and the amount of new C in the meshbags. These results suggest that some EMF species are associated with higher hydrophobicity of SOM and that EMF community shifts induced by fertilization may result in reduced hydrophobicity of soil organic matter which in turn may reduce C sequestration rates.
Vegetation photosynthetic phenology metrics in northern terrestrial ecosystems: a dataset derived from a gross primary productivity product based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Authors: Fang Jing , Li Xing , Xiao Jingfeng , Yan Xiaodong , Li Bolun , Liu Feng
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Vegetation phenology can profoundly modulate the climate-biosphere interactions and thus plays a key role in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle and the climate. However, most previous phenology studies are based on the traditional vegetation indices, which are inadequate to characterize the seasonal activity of photosynthesis. Here, we generated an annual vegetation photosynthetic phenology dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.05 degree from 2001 to 2020, using the latest gross primary productivity product based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (GOSIF-GPP). We combined smoothing splines with multiple change-point detection to retrieve the phenology metrics: start of the growing season (SOS), end of the growing season (EOS), and length of growing season (LOS) for terrestrial ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere. We found that the derived phenology metrics agreed better with in situ observations from the flux tower sites than vegetation indices and MODIS-GPP. Our phenology metrics captured the spatial-temporal patterns of the single and double growing season in the Northern Hemisphere. The double season was mainly from the cropland rotation and ecosystems having two different phenological cycles. In addition, we observed a trend toward advanced SOS in about 62.98 % of the land area, with a mean rate of 0.14 ± 0.01 days year-1, a trend toward delayed EOS in about 61.87 % of the area, with a mean rate of 0.19 ± 0.16 days year-1, and a trend toward extended LOS in about 70.52 % of the area, with a mean rate of 0.33 ± 0.17 days year-1. Our phenology product can be used for validating and developing phenology models or carbon cycle models, for evaluating satellite remote sensing phenology, and for monitoring climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17195009.v2 (Fang et al. 2021).
Signal response of the Swiss plate geophone monitoring system impacted by bedload particles with different transport modes
Authors: Chen Zheng , He Siming , Nicollier Tobias , Ammann Lorenz , Badoux Alexandre , Rickenmann Dieter
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Controlled experiments were performed to investigate the acoustic signal response of the Swiss plate geophone (SPG) system impacted by bedload particles varying in size, impact angle, and transport mode. The impacts of bedload particles moving by saltation, rolling, and sliding were determined by analyzing the experimental videos and corresponding vibration signals. The finite element method (FEM) was utilized to construct a numerical model of the SPG system and to simulate the signals triggered by a quartz sphere hitting the plate at impact angles ranging from 0∘ to 90∘. For a particle impact on the bed or on the geophone plates, the signature of the generated signal in terms of maximum amplitude, number of impulses, and centroid frequency was extracted from the raw monitoring data. So-called signal packets were determined by performing a Hilbert transform of the raw signal. The number of packets was calculated for each transport mode and for each particle size class, with sizes ranging from 28.1 to 171.5 mm. The results show how the number of signal impulses per particle mass, the amplitude of the signal envelope, and the centroid frequency change with increasing particle size, and they also demonstrate the effect of bedload transport mode on the signal response of the SPG system. We found that there is a general increase in the strength of the signal response or in the centroid frequency when the transport mode changes from sliding to rolling to saltation. The findings of this study help us to better understand the signal responses of the SPG system for different bedload transport modes, and may also contribute to an improvement of the procedure to determine bedload particle size from the SPG signal.
Transit Time index (TTi) as an adaptation of humification index to illustrate transit time differences in karst hydrosystems. Application to the karst springs of Fontaine de Vaucluse system (Southeastern France)
Authors: Serène Leïla , Batiot-Guilhe Christelle , Mazzilli Naomi , Emblanch Christophe , Babic Milanka , Dupont Julien , Simler Roland , Blanc Matthieu , Massonnat Gérard
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Transit time can be estimated thanks to natural tracers but few of them are usable in the 0–6 months range. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the potential of the ratio of heavy to light-weight organic compounds (HIX, Ohno, 2002; Zsolnay et al., 1999) as a natural tracer of short transit time (Blondel et al., 2012). Critical analysis of former studies shows that although the link between HIX and transit time seems consistent, the whole methodological approach needs to be consolidated. Natural organic matter fluorescence from 289 water samples from 4 springs and 10 flow points located in the unsaturated zone of the Vaucluse karst system is characterized by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) thanks to excitation-emission matrix (EEM), thus (i) allowing the identification of main fluorescent compounds of sampled groundwater; and (ii) evidencing the inadequacy of HIX 2D emission windows to characterize groundwater organic matter. We then propose a new humification index called Transit Time index (TTi) based on Ohno (2002) formula but using PARAFAC components of heavy and light organic matter from our samples instead of 2D windows. Finally, we evaluate TTi relevance as a transit time tracer by: (i) performing a detailed analysis of its dynamics on a selected spring (Millet) and (ii) comparing its mean value over karst springs of Fontaine de Vaucluse system. Principal component analysis (PCA) of TTi and other hydrochemical parameters monitored at Millet put in relief the different ranges of transit time associated with the different organic matter compounds. PCA results also provide evidence that TTi can detect a small proportion of fast infiltration water within a mix, while other natural tracers of transit time provide no or less sensitive information. TTi distributions at monitored karst springs are consistent with relative transit times expected for the small-scale, short average transit times systems. TTi thus appears as a relevant tracer of transit time in the 0–6 months range where existing tracers fail, even if the information on transit time is only qualitative at this stage.
Applying non-parametric Bayesian networks to estimate maximum daily river discharge: potential and challenges
Authors: Ragno Elisa , Hrachowitz Markus , Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Non-parametric Bayesian networks (NPBNs) are graphical tools for statistical inference widely used for reliability analysis and risk assessment and present several advantages, such as the embedded uncertainty quantification and limited computational time for the inference process. However, their implementation in hydrological studies is still scarce. Hence, to increase our understanding of their applicability and extend their use in hydrology, we explore the potential of NPBNs to reproduce catchment-scale hydrological dynamics. Long-term data from 240 river catchments with contrasting climates across the United States from the Catchment Attributes and Meteorology for Large-sample Studies (CAMELS) data set will be used as actual means to test the utility of NPBNs as descriptive models and to evaluate them as predictive models for maximum daily river discharge in any given month. We analyse the performance of three networks, one unsaturated (hereafter UN-1), one saturated (hereafter SN-1), both defined only by hydro-meteorological variables and their bivariate correlations, and one saturated network (hereafter SN-C), consisting of the SN-1 network and including physical catchments' attributes. The results indicate that the UN-1 network is suitable for catchments with a positive dependence between precipitation and discharge, while the SN-1 network can also reproduce discharge in catchments with negative dependence. The latter can reproduce statistical characteristics of discharge (tested via the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic) and have a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) ≥0.5 in ∼40 % of the catchments analysed, receiving precipitation mainly in winter and located in energy-limited regions at low to moderate elevation. Further, the SN-C network, based on similarity of the catchments, can reproduce discharge statistics in ∼10 % of the catchments analysed.
We show that once a NPBN is defined, it is straightforward to infer discharge and to extend the network itself with additional variables, i.e. going from the SN-1 network to the SN-C network. However, the results also suggest considerable challenges in defining a suitable NPBN, particularly for predictions in ungauged basins. These are mainly due to the discrepancies in the timescale of the different physical processes generating discharge, the presence of a “memory” in the system, and the Gaussian-copula assumption used for modelling multivariate dependence.
Tectonic Geomorphology and Paleoseismology of the Sharkhai fault: a new source of seismic hazard for Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)
Authors: Al-Ashkar Abeer , Schlupp Antoine , Ferry Matthieu , Munkhuu Ulziibat
Published: March 2022

Abstract. We present first constraints from tectonic geomorphology and
paleoseismology along the newly discovered Sharkhai fault near the capital
city of Mongolia. Detailed observations from high-resolution Pleiades
satellite images and field investigations allowed us to map the fault in
detail, describe its geometry and segmentation, characterize its kinematics,
and document its recent activity and seismic behavior (cumulative
displacements and paleoseismicity). The Sharkhai fault displays a surface
length of ∼ 40 km with a slightly arcuate geometry, and a
strike ranging from N42 to N72∘. It affects
numerous drainages that show left-lateral cumulative displacements reaching
94 m. Paleoseismic investigations document faulting and
depositional/erosional events for the last ∼ 3000 years and
reveal that the most recent event occurred between 775 and 1778 CE and
the penultimate earthquake occurred between 1605 and 835 BCE. The
resulting time interval of 2496 ± 887 years is the first constraint for
the Sharkhai fault for large earthquakes. On the basis of our mapping of the
surface rupture and the resulting segmentation analysis, we propose two
possible scenarios for large earthquakes with likely magnitudes of 6.7 ± 0.2 or 7.1 ± 0.7. Furthermore, we apply scaling laws to infer
coseismic slip values and derive preliminary estimates of long-term slip
rates. Finally, these data help build a comprehensive model of active faults
in that region and should be considered in the seismic hazard assessment for
the city of Ulaanbaatar.
Generating large-scale sea ice motion from Sentinel-1 and the RADARSAT Constellation Mission using the Environment and Climate Change Canada automated sea ice tracking system
Authors: Howell Stephen E. L. , Brady Mike , Komarov Alexander S.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. As Arctic sea ice extent continues to decline, remote sensing
observations are becoming even more vital for the monitoring and
understanding of sea ice. Recently, the sea ice community has entered a new
era of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites operating at C-band with
the launch of Sentinel-1A in 2014 and Sentinel-1B (S1) in 2016 and the
RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM) in 2019. These missions represent five
spaceborne SAR sensors that together routinely cover the pan-Arctic sea ice
domain. Here, we describe, apply, and validate the Environment and Climate
Change Canada automated sea ice tracking system (ECCC-ASITS) that routinely
generates large-scale sea ice motion (SIM) over the pan-Arctic domain using
SAR images from S1 and RCM. We applied the ECCC-ASITS to the incoming image
streams of S1 and RCM from March 2020 to October 2021 using a total of
135 471 SAR images and generated new SIM datasets (7 d 25 km and 3 d
6.25 km) by combining the image stream outputs of S1 and RCM (S1 + RCM).
Results indicate that S1 + RCM SIM provides more coverage in the Hudson Bay,
Davis Strait, Beaufort Sea, Bering Sea, and directly over the North Pole
compared to SIM from S1 alone. Based on the resolvable S1 + RCM SIM grid
cells, the 7 d 25 km spatiotemporal scale is able to provide the most
complete picture of SIM across the pan-Arctic from SAR imagery alone, but
considerable spatiotemporal coverage is also available from 3 d 6.25 SIM
products. S1 + RCM SIM is resolved within the narrow channels and inlets of
the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, filling a major gap from coarser-resolution
sensors. Validating the ECCC-ASITS using S1 and RCM imagery against buoys
indicates a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.78 km for dry ice conditions
and 3.43 km for melt season conditions. Higher speeds are more apparent with
S1 + RCM SIM as comparison with the National Snow and Ice Data Center
(NSIDC) SIM product and the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility
(OSI SAF) SIM product indicated an RMSE of u=4.6 km d−1 and v=4.7 km d−1
for the NSIDC and u=3.9 km d−1 and v=3.9 km d−1 for OSI SAF. Overall,
our results demonstrate the robustness of the ECCC-ASITS for routinely
generating large-scale SIM entirely from SAR imagery across the pan-Arctic
domain.
Trends in the tropospheric general circulation from 1979 to 2022
Authors: Simmons Adrian John
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric general circulation changes since 1979 are examined using the ERA5 reanalysis. Maps based on linear trends and time series for specific areas are presented. Attention is concentrated on monthly, seasonal and annual means, but shorter-timescale variability is also considered, including extremes. Changes in near-tropopause winds are the main focus, but related changes in temperature, wind and other variables throughout the troposphere are discussed. Middle- and upper-tropospheric warming is larger in the subtropics and outer tropics than in the deep tropics, except over the Pacific. This is linked with a strengthening and meridional expansion of the tropical easterlies that has received little previous attention. Warming over several mid-latitude and subtropical land areas comes close to matching the large warming of the Arctic. Westerly upper-level winds in general weaken over the Arctic in winter, but strengthen in northern middle latitudes, contrary to arguments based on circulation changes due solely to amplified Arctic warming. The jet-stream region over the eastern North Atlantic and western Europe shifts southward. Westerlies strengthen in a band stretching south-eastwards from the tropical western Pacific to southern Australia, and in the polar-jet-stream region that surrounds Antarctica. Extreme jet-stream winds increase over the North Atlantic. Net kinetic energy also increases, mostly associated with sub-monthly variability along the mid-latitude storm tracks and over the tropical Pacific. Available potential energy changes less. Geopotential height shows a distinct pattern of change in the stationary northern-hemispheric long-wave structure. There are increases in surface pressure over the North Pacific and southern mid-latitudes, and decreases over the Arctic Ocean and offshore of Antarctica. Several comparisons are made between ERA5 and the JRA-55 reanalysis, and between ERA5 and the observations it assimilated. They show reassuring agreement, but some regional differences require further investigation.
APLIKASI BERBAGAI DOSIS BOKASHI DAN UREA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF BIBIT KOPI ROBUSTA
Authors: Baba Basri
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine the vegetative growth of robusta coffee seedlings applied with bokashi and urea fertilizers. This research was conducted in Manggalung Village, Mandalle District, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi Province, which took place from November 2020 to April 2021. This study was designed with a two-factor factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the dose of bokashi fertilizer (b) 3 levels: 0g (b0), 100 g (b1), and 150 g (b2) and the second factor is the dose of Urea (u): 0 g u0), 10 g (u1), and 15 g (u2). All data obtained in the study were analyzed by means of analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with a level of accuracy (0.1 and 0.5).

The results showed that with a dosage of 150 g / plant boca gave much better results and showed a very significant difference in plant height growth and number of leaves after the least significant difference (0.1%). Meanwhile, with the same dose of boca, namely 150 g (b2), it gave a good response to the increase in stem diameter. Therefore, the use of Boca fertilizer at a dose of 150 g gives good results on the vegetative growth of Robusta coffee seedlings.
PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN PUPUK CAIR URIN KAMBING DENGAN PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN KAKAO (Theobroma cacao. L)
Authors: Isnaini Junyah Leli
Published: March 2022

Survei Pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kakao  terhadap pengunaan pupuk cair urin kambing dengan penggunaan NPK majemuk bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan pengunaan pupuk cair urin kambing dengan pupuk padat NPK majemuk yang digunakan petani dalam  upaya meningkatkan produksi  tanaman kakaonya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode Purposive sampling, yaitu memilih secara sengaja petani yang menggunakan pupuk urin kambing dan NPK majemuk. Cara pengambilan sampel yaitu melakukan wawancara pada petani yang menggunakan pupuk urin dan pupuk NPK majemuk.  Jumlah Petani sampel ada 6 orang  (3 orang menggunakan pupuk urin kambing, 3 orang yang menggunakan pupuk NPK majemuk).  Selain teknik wawancara, dilakukan survei lokasi untuk melihat secara langsung pertanaman kakao yang menggunakan ke dua pupuk tersebut dengan melihat berat biji per  buah kakao dan bobot buah kakao.  Hasil yang diperoleh  menunjukkan   petani yang menggunakan pupuk cair urin kambing produksi buah kakao lebih meningkat dengan  jumlah biji dalam buah lebih banyak, bobot biji lebih berat, dibandingkan dengan petani yang menggunakan Pupuk NPK majemuk.
Editorial
Authors: Alfie José
Published: March 2022

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Ayudantías universitarias: influencia académica percibida en el desempeño en el examen de residencias médicas municipales
Authors: Barrera Tomás , Cabana Nicolás , Bourguet Martín Emilio , Lacava Roberto , Baiocco Abril Karina , Angriman Federico , Astorquizaga Lucía , Cruz Cintia Valeria , Politi María Teresa
Published: March 2022

Introducción: el ejercicio de la docencia universitaria por parte de estudiantes de Medicina ofrecería múltiples beneficios. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia de que mejore el desempeño en los exámenes estandarizados en el posgrado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la diferencia de los puntajes en el examen de residencias médicas municipales entre ayudantes y no ayudantes, y evaluar la autopercepción del efecto de ser ayudante sobre el desempeño en dicho examen y sobre las habilidades académicas.

Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con un muestreo por conveniencia de médicos participantes del examen de residencias médicas municipales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) de 2018, a partir del listado oficial. Se excluyeron aquellos a quienes fue imposible contactar, que se negaran a participar o cuya identidad discrepara con la de la persona seleccionada para incluir en el estudio.

Resultados: de los 3579 médicos que concursaron en el examen de residencias médicas básicas municipales de CABA 2018, se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 300 sujetos, de los cuales se contactó a 87. De ellos, 20 sujetos cumplían con criterios de exclusión; por lo tanto fueron 67 sujetos los que finalmente participaron del estudio. La proporción de respuestas con respecto a los sujetos que pudieron ser contactados mediante redes sociales fue 77%. El puntaje de examen entre los ayudantes fue de 32,3 ± 5,7 puntos mientras que entre los no ayudantes fue 29,5 ± 6,1 puntos. Entre los ayudantes, el 68% informó percibir que el hecho de haber realizado una ayudantía en el pregrado tuvo un efecto de levemente a muy positivo sobre su desempeño en el examen, un 76% refirió la profundización de conocimientos específicos, el 73% informó una mejoría en sus habilidades comunicacionales y el 59% una mayor capacidad para jerarquizar contenidos.

Conclusión: el desarrollo de una actividad docente en el pregrado sería percibida por quienes la desarrollan como una actividad promotora de habilidades comunicacionales y de jerarquización de contenidos y, ulteriormente, como una influencia positiva en el desempeño académico en el examen de residencias médicas municipales. Estas conclusiones deben confirmarse con estudios futuros.
Pensar la enseñanza en escenarios híbridos, desafíos del año 2022
Authors: Delorenzi Erica , Berk Michelle
Published: March 2022

Luego de dos años de pandemia y de virtualización de emergencia, el retorno a los espacios físicos de la enseñanza trae nuevos desafíos: clases presenciales, virtuales sincrónicas,  asincrónicas y sus combinaciones. ¿Cómo aprovechar el potencial de cada modalidad y lo aprendido en estos años para diseñar propuestas híbridas valiosas?
Sangrado genital por cuerpo extraño en niñas prepuberales: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Cavadas Alejo N. , Eymann Alfredo , Mulli Valeria , Ormaechea Edurne
Published: March 2022

El sangrado genital en niñas prepúberes es un signo poco frecuente y siempre requiere determinar su causa. Se necesitan una detallada anamnesis y examen físico, con el conocimiento adecuado de la anatomía uroginecológica, y, en muchos casos, estudios de imágenes y exámenes complementarios, para arribar al diagnóstico. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 7 años con sangrado genital, cuyo examen físico y estudios complementarios fueron poco concluyentes, y que requirió un procedimiento invasivo para su resolución.
¿Cuándo sospechar hipogonadismo en un paciente con disfunción eréctil?
Authors: Knoblovits Pablo
Published: March 2022

El hipogonadismo debe sospecharse siempre en un paciente con disfunción sexual eréctil y principalmente cuando existan: disminución de las fantasías sexuales, de la libido y/o de las erecciones espontáneas, y un trastorno metabólico presente (obesidad, síndrome metabólico [SM] o diabetes mellitus tipo 2). La mayor edad es también un factor de riesgo para tener testosterona baja.
La investigación clínica en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Grande Ratti María Florencia , Burgos Mariana A.
Published: March 2022

Contamos nuestra experiencia educativa a distancia sobre investigación clínica durante la pandemia con residentes de Clínica Médica y estudiantes del programa ESIN (EStudiantes en INvestigación) y aprovechamos para repasar los criterios de autoría ICMJ  (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors).
НЕДОТРИМАННЯ ЗАСАД КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО ПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ЯК ПІДСТАВА ВИЗНАННЯ ДОКАЗІВ НЕДОПУСТИМИМИ
Authors: Рогатинська Ніна Зіновіївна , Цибульська Юлія Віталіївна
Published: March 2022

У статті розглянуто питання визначення змісту засад кримінального провадження. Окрему увагу приділено питанню недопустимості доказів внаслідок недотримання засад кримінального провадження. Обгрунтовано, що засади кримінального процесу є найбільш загальними, правовими положеннями, які визначають форму та зміст кримінально-процесуального доказування та мають фундаментальне значення для реалізації стадій кримінального провадження. Недопустимість доказів зумовлюється порушенням таких принципів, як законності, верховенства права, повага до людської гідності, забезпечення права на захист, недоторканості права власності та ін. Істотність порушення є оціночною категорією, яка визначається у кожному конкретному випадку окремо. Саме така невизначеність призводить до великої кількості зловживань як зі сторони обвинувачення, так і зі сторони суду. Питання допустимості доказів досить тісно пов’язане як із правом на справедливий судовий розгляд, так і з презумпцією невинуватості. Загальне правило полягає у тому, що докази, отримані неналежним або незаконним чином, не можуть братися до уваги під час розгляду справи у суді. Потрібно виходити з того, що оцінка конкретного доказу з погляду допустимості чи недопустимості вирішується у кожному випадку окремо. Варто зазначити, що оцінка допустимості доказів у судовому провадженні відіграє головну роль у вирішенні кримінального провадження по суті та є передумовою винесення законного, обґрунтованого та вмотивованого судового рішення. Зроблено висновок, що єдиним суб’єктом, до компетенції якого належить вирішення питання визнання таких фактичних даних недопустимими, повинен бути суд, який здійснює судовий розгляд кримінального провадження.
ПРИЧИНИ ДОПУЩЕННЯ СЛІДЧИМ ПОМИЛОК У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРОВАДЖЕННІ
Authors: Колода Андрій Анатолійович
Published: March 2022

Наукова стаття присвячена дослідженню юридичної природи помилки слідчого органу досудового розслідування, який уповноважений проводити, відповідно до положень кримінального процесуального законодавства, кримінально-процесуальну діяльність, окрім цього, вказано про аналіз проблемних аспектів процесуальної діяльності слідчого органу досудового розслідування, полісистемність та диференціацію причин допущення помилок слідчого. Під причинами допущення помилок слідчого в даній статті розуміється підстави або приводи для дій вищестоящих суб’єктів зі здійснення процесуального контролю, що тягнуть за собою виправлення допущених помилок слідчими органів досудового розслідування та ін. У науковій статті встановлюється невичерпний перелік причин помилок слідчого, які підвищують рівень допущення помилок під час проведення досудового розслідування кримінального провадження. Автором статті вказано, що причиною допущення слідчим помилок в кримінальному провадженні є: перевантаженість слідчого органу досудового розслідування та вказані статистичні дані завантаженості різних правоохоронних органів України; відсутність «патронатності» над молодим спеціалістом – слідчого, який би прискорив оволодіння новими знаннями, навичками проведення як окремих (слідчих) розшукових дій, так і досудового розслідування в цілому; відсутність єдиного «процесуального бачення» подальших слідчих (розшукових) дій, тактики досудового розслідування керівником органу досудового розслідування, керівником слідчого відділення, процесуальним керівником, а також слідчим; недостатній або відсутній контроль зі сторони керівника органу досудового розслідування, керівника слідчого відділення, процесуального керівника і/або слідчого судді; несприятливі умови матеріально-технічного забезпечення; недостатній рівень компетенції, знань та навичок службових осіб органів досудового розслідування. Проведене наукове дослідження дає можливість створити наукові рекомендації, які стануть юридичним запобіжником допущення помилок слідчим у подальшому.
El proyecto urbanístico del Barrio de Magón (Cartago, Túnez) y su contexto sociopolítico: elementos para una historia (no helenocéntrica) de Cartago
Authors: Fumadó Ortega Iván
Published: March 2022

El Barrio de Magón en Cartago (Túnez) está formado por un excepcional grupo de viviendas de época púnica ubicadas junto a la muralla marítima de la ciudad. Sus características, enmarcadas en una cronología que se remonta hasta el siglo V a.C., convierten a este conjunto arqueológico es uno de los más relevantes del Mediterráneo centro-occidental de su época. Sin embargo, las importantes implicaciones económicas, sociales y políticas que se derivan de su construcción aún no han sido discutidas, 30 años después de su publicación final. Las síntesis históricas sobre Cartago que han aparecido desde entonces tampoco le han prestado la debida atención. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar algunas de las conclusiones históricas que desde la perspectiva cartaginesa local se pueden deducir de este gran proyecto urbanístico.
El tratado De vita contemplativa de Filón de Alejandría en el marco de la pentalogía que le atribuye Eusebio de Cesarea
Authors: Cardoso Bueno Diego Andrés
Published: March 2022

El texto de De vita contemplativa fue elaborado por Filón de Alejandría como un escrito encomiástico del pueblo judío, que a su vez estaba inserto en un conjunto de tratados destinados al mismo fin, la denominada Pentalogía mencionada por Eusebio de Cesarea, donde en cinco libros, como su nombre indica, se acreditaban las virtudes inherentes al pueblo hebreo. Esta serie de obras, de la que sólo han quedado tres, la escribió Filón probablemente, al menos en su mayor parte, durante su estancia en Roma con motivo de la embajada que el politeuma hebreo alejandrino realizó ante el princeps Cayo Julio César Augusto Germánico, más conocido como Calígula. En este artículo tratamos de descubrir cuáles fueron esos tratados y en qué orden se compusieron o dieron a conocer.
Problemas de epigrafía y teonimia local en el noroeste español: El dossier de Coso
Authors: Ramírez Sánchez Manuel , González Rodríguez Mª Cruz
Published: March 2022

Ofrecemos el repertorio depurado de las referencias epigráficas del teónimo Coso y sus variantes documentadas en las inscripciones religiosas de época altoimperial halladas en el conventus Lucensis y en el territorio español de los conventus Asturum y Bracaraugustanus. A partir del examen directo de los epígrafes llevamos a cabo un análisis epigráfico de cada inscripción y proponemos excluir cinco supuestas menciones de este teónimo hasta la fecha consideradas como seguras.
Discursos hegemónicos sobre la violencia de género
Authors: Marugán Pintos Begoña
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es describir el sentido otorgado a la violencia contra las mujeres en los distintos periodos a partir del concepto cristalizado en cada época. Para ello se efectuará un recorrido a lo largo del tiempo por medio de los agentes principales y los discursos hegemónicos de cada momento. A través de los mismos se puede observar cómo se ha pasado de la invisibilidad del fenómeno a su visibilidad, de esta a su rechazo, y en la actualidad existe un discurso negacionista que, aunque minoritario, está obstaculizando el avance social.
Determination of the nutrient content of crops from different countries
Authors: Répás Zoltán , Győri Zoltán
Published: March 2022

The crops commercially available in Hungary show great variety in terms of their county of origin. According to out hypothesis, this diversity is also reflected in value of their nutrient content. In our experiments, the nutrient and mineral content of jasmine rice, lentils and beans from different areas of origin was determined, and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The aim of our work was to gather basic data from raw materials from different countries of the world, which can be compared with basic data from Hungary. During the evaluation of the results, a trend-like change in macronutrient amount was observed, while the mineral content of the crops was moderately or strongly variable in several cases. Based on our results, it is recommended that experts update basic data more frequently, given the increasingly globalized nature of the world, and take into account the variability of crops by country of origin.
Nyúlhús tápértéke a nagy csalán (Urtica dioica) nyulak takarmányozásában történő felhasználása esetén
Authors: Burmistrova Olga , Burmistrov Eugene , Naumova Natalya , Lukin Aleksandr , Betz Julia
Published: March 2022

Cikkünk bemutatja nyulak csalánszénával folytatott kiegészítő takarmányozásnak a takarmány-egyensúlyra, valamint a nyúlhús biokémiai mutatóira, tápértékére és eltarthatóságára gyakorolt hatására vonatkozó vizsgálatok eredményeit. Megállapítottuk, hogy a nyúlhús tápértéktartalmának tekintetében a szálastakarmány 5, illetve 25%-ának csalánszénával való helyettesítése nyersfehérjéből 3,5-20,3%, emészthető fehérjéből 4,4-22,8% és a karotintartalomból pedig 3,3-22,7% többletet eredményezett. A szálastakarmány 5% illetve 25%-ának kiváltása csalánszénára azt eredményezte, hogy a hagyományos takarmányozáshoz képest (1,17 kg takarmányadag/nap) a legkevesebb takarmányra volt szükség 10 g gyarapodás eléréséhez. 5% csalánszéna bevezetése a nyúltakarmányba a kontrollcsoporthoz képest a nyúlhús nedvességtartalmának 10,38%-os csökkenését (P<0,001) eredményezte. A fehérjetartalom 34,2%-kal (P<0.01), a hús cinktartalma 35,6%kal, (P<0,01) valamint a mangántartalom 34,2%kal (P<0,01) nőtt.
Edukasi Penyakit Alergi dan Cara Mengatasinya Kepada Masyarakat Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat
Authors: Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf , Farhamzah Farhamzah , Jayanti Keke
Published: March 2022

Alergi merupakan reaksi-reaksi dari sistem kekebalan yang terjadi ketika jaringan tubuh yang normal mengalami cedera/terluka. Salah satu penyebab alergi yang paling sering dialami oleh orang dewasa dan anak-anak adalah alergi makanan. Alergi makanan merupakan salah satu penyebab tersering reaksi anafilaksis, terutama pada anak-anak. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat mengenai reaksi alergi dan cara mengatasinya. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada hari Rabu tanggal 26 Mei 2021 menggunakan Zoom Meeting dengan mengundang masyarakat Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat, dengan jumlah peserta dalam kegiatan ini adalah 96 orang. Tahapan awal dari kegiatan ini dimulai dengan memberikan pre test kepada para peserta. Setelah itu, dilanjutkan dengan memberikan penyuluhan dengan topik “Alergi dan Cara Mengatasinya” melalui media Zoom Meeting. Setelah penyuluhan selesai, dilanjutkan dengan sesi diskusi dan tanya jawab dengan para peserta. Kemudian sebelum menutup acara kegiatan ini, para peserta diberikan post test tentang pemahaman materi penyuluhan yang telah diberikan. Adapun hasil yang dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah terdapat peningkatan pemahaman yang signifikan pada masyarakat Kecamatan Telukjambe Timur, Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat tentang penyakit alergi dan cara mengatasinya dengan benar.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Dengan Lamikro Bagi Umkm Milenial
Authors: Sumiyati Sumiyati , Faisal Akbar Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Program kegiatan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan dengan lamikro ini adalah kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang ditujukan bagi pemilik UMKM Milenial. Lamikro merupakan sebuah aplikasi penyusunan laporan keuangan berbasis web dan android yang dikembangkan oleh Kementerian Koperasi dan UMKM Republik Indonesia.

Metode kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah dengan melakukan presentasi. Sasaran peserta kegiatan ini adalah pemilik UMKM milenial yakni pemilik UMKM generasi muda yang dicirikan dengan adanya kedekatan dengan teknologi. Kegiatan ini diikuti 17 pemilik UMKM generasi muda di Bangka Belitung. Mengingat masa pandemi, kegiatan ini dilakukan melalui platform meeting online dengan durasi kurang lebih 90 menit.

Kegiatan ini dievaluasi dengan memberikan lembar feedback kepada peserta diakhir acara melalui google form. Hasil menunjukkan 80% peserta memahami materi yang disampaikan, meskipun tingkat kepuasan peserta terhadap kegiatan ini baru mencapai 70%. Kegiatan ini harus langsung diimplementasikan dibandingkan dengan memberikan pelatihan. Pengguna memahami penggunaan namun belum tentu dapat mengimplementasikannya ke dalam kegiatan pembukuan
Keterlibatan Mahasiswa dalam Pengabdian Masyarakat Melalui Sosialisasi Protokol Kesehatan Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Terhadap Covid-19 di Desa Somagede, Banyumas
Authors: Oktaviani Uci Reza , Dharin Abu
Published: March 2022

Covid-19 merupakan wabah penyakit yang berasal dari virus corona yang sekarang menjadi pusat perhatian seluruh negara di dunia karena proses penularan yang sangat cepat. Banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dalam memutus rantai persebaran Covid-19 seperti vaksin dan mengajak masyarakat untuk menaati protokol kesehatan 5M antara lain, memakai masker, mencuci tangan, menjaga jarak, menghindari kerumunan, dan mengurangi mobilitas. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Desa Somagede, Banyumas. Kasus positif di desa tersebut terbilang rendah, hanya saja kesadaran masyarakat untuk menaati protokol kesehatan di masa pandemi ini cukup rendah. Banyak masyarakat desa tersebut tidak memakai masker saat hendak pergi dari rumah. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya gerakan massif dari semua elemen masyarakat, salah satunya adalah mahasiswa yang berperan sebagai agent of change untuk berperan aktif membantu  masyarakat di tengah pandemi. Adapun kegiatan yang di usung dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini yaitu melakukan sosialisasi protokol kesehatan kepada masyarakat. Terdapat beberapa program dalam kegiatan sosialisasi ini antara lain, mengedukasi tentang cara mencuci tangan yang baik dan benar kepada anak-anak di daerah setempat, pembagian masker, bubur, dan pemasangan poster terkait protokol kesehatan di tiap rumah. Untuk metode pelaksanaan yang digunakan, yaitu mengidentifikasi potensi dengan menganalisis permasalahan yang ada di masyarkat, penyusunan program, observasi lapangan, dan sosialisai kegiatan. Dari adanya kegiatan sosialisasi ini membuat pengetahuan masyarakat akan  pentingnya menjalankan protokol kesehatan bertambah.
Meningkatkan Kualitas Genteng Hasil Produksi IKM Kebakkramat Karanganyar untuk Memenuhi SNI 03-2095-1998
Authors: Pujiyanto Eko , Nur Rosyidi Cucuk , Hamka Ibrahim Muhammad , Budiaji Ariawan
Published: March 2022

Mayoritas masyarakat di Pulau Jawa menggunakan genteng sebagai atap bangunan. Genteng yang beredar di pasar, sebagian besar dari IKM yang belum memenuhi standar kualitas sesuai SNI 03-2095-1998. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas genteng supaya memenuhi SNI 03-2095-1998 dilakukan pendekatan eksperimen proses pembuatan genteng. Ekperimen dilakukan pada komposisi bahan baku pembuat genteng. Bahan baku utama adalah tanah liat, sedangkan bahan baku lain adalah serbuk kaca dan abu sisa pembakaran kayu. Pemanfaatan bahan ini sebagai usaha untuk memanfaatkan limbah lingkungan. Strategi eksperimen dilaksanakan untuk mendapat komposisi bahan yang menghasilkan kualitas genteng yang sesuai SNI 03-2095-1998. Eksperimen dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan pembuat genteng, sehingga hasil optimal dapat diterapkan dalam industri pembuatan genteng. Kualitas yang diukur adalah kekuatan tekan dan penyerapan air. Hasil eksperimen menunjukan bahwa kekuatan tekan adalah  371,72 Kgf dan penyerapan air adalah 0,16%. Hasil optimal ini sudah memenuhi syarat kualitas genteng menurut SNI 03-2095-1998.