bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons from a Disaster on the Great Plains
Authors: Hintz Kathy
Published: August 2014

More than two years have passed since floodwaters swept away homes, schools, and other buildings in Minot, N.D. The community rallied to continue providing an education for its children, teaching us all lessons in how it's done.
How Schools Heal after a Tragedy
Authors: Kennedy-Paine Cathy , Reeves Melissa A. , Brock Stephen E.
Published: August 2014

Every tragedy is different but preparation, strong school/community ties, and disciplined follow-up can help every situation.
The Common Core is a Change for the Better
Authors: Gardner Nancy S. , Powell Rod
Published: August 2014

Two highly skilled longtime teachers say the Common Core State Standards promise to improve teaching and learning without being prescriptive about individual state content standards.
Failure is an Option
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2014

Failing actually is a good thing. When we pay attention to what went wrong, and why, it only and invariably prepares us to succeed in the future.
Cyber Skepticism
Authors: Schneider Jack
Published: August 2014

Let's press the pause button on virtual schools and consider whether they will really deliver a quality education to students.
To No Avail: A Critical Look at the Charter School Debate
Authors: Raymond Margaret E.
Published: August 2014

Most discussions about charter schools involve a tangle of differing histories, theories, values, and facts. If proponents and opponents looked at the facts instead of relying on their philosophies, we might make progress at improving schools.
Charter Schools and the Risk of Increased Segregation
Authors: Rotberg Iris C.
Published: August 2014

Charter schools, on average, don't have an academic advantage over traditional public schools, but they do have a significant risk of leading to more segregation.
Charter, Private, and Public Schools Work Together in Boston
Authors: Lam Diana
Published: August 2014

Teachers, with very different experiences teaching very similar students, tear through artificial boundaries of school politics to ask how they can better serve students.
STEM Studio: Where Innovation Generates Innovation
Authors: Plonczak Irene , Brooks Jacqueline Grennon , Wilson Gloria Lodato , Elijah Rosebud , Caliendo Julia
Published: August 2014

Children and teachers discover new ways of teaching and learning in a university lab setting.
What Education Reformers Should do about Collective Bargaining
Authors: Rosenthal Daniel M.
Published: August 2014

Reformers are correct in calling attention to current labor practices in education, but they are wrong to believe that bargaining prohibitions represent the proper remedy.
Preparing to Teach Culturally Diverse Classrooms
Authors: Scott Catherine E.
Published: August 2014

Immersing preservice teachers in an unfamiliar culture helps prepare them to teach children from cultures different from their own.
Father Knows Best
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

Generosity and a sense of community support and participation should extend further than one's own neighborhood.
Growing Income Inequality Threatens American Education
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Murnane Richard J.
Published: August 2014

Rising economic and social inequality has weakened neighborhoods and families in ways that make effective school reform more difficult.
Class Rank Weighs down True Learning
Authors: Guskey Thomas R.
Published: August 2014

Teaching and grading schemes that work to select the most talented students often fail to benefit all students and to notice promising students.
Where's the Revolution?
Authors: Hathaway Nan E. , Jaquith Diane B.
Published: August 2014

Bringing creative thinking and personalization into all classrooms would be a true revolution in learning.
Communication is Key to Common Core
Authors: Maunsell Patricia A.
Published: August 2014

Educators must begin now to prepare their communities for how assessments will change after Common Core implementation.
Behind in Assessment and Losing the Shame Game
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2014

We should stop the shame and blame game punctuated by test score comparisons and listen to what Americans truly want from their public schools. After all, they are public.
School Districts Pursue Parents Who Cross the Line
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

Parents who fake a residence in a district to get a child into a better school or on a better sports team are facing a growing legal backlash that threatens fines, restitution, and even jail.
Assessments Can Help Common Core Teaching
Authors: Bambrick-Santoyo Paul
Published: August 2014

A standard can tell you what you need to teach. Only your students' work can tell you what they actually learned — or didn't.
An Intervention Improves Student Reading
Authors: Banerj Rukmini
Published: August 2014

The Jehanabad school district lagged in student attendance and performance — until someone noticed that the problems were related. More effective teaching attracted and kept more students.
Unplug the Kids
Authors: Walmsley Angela
Published: August 2014

Technology isolates children from each other and may be hampering their communication and collaboration skills.
Learning to Lead
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

We've come a long way from the days when teacher ambition and leadership were frowned upon. Let's give those who are learning to master their craft and bring others along all the respect and admiration they deserve.
Going to Scale with Teacherpreneurs
Authors: Berry Barnett
Published: August 2014

School culture and social norms conspire against teachers as leaders, but marketing, preparation, and policy can change that and mobilize the classroom experts who want to lead schools in powerful ways.
Five Goals for Teacher Leadership
Authors: Coggins Celine , McGovern Kate
Published: August 2014

Effective teacher leadership improves teaching and learning outcomes and gives teachers voice in policy making at all levels.
Connect. Risk. Ask. Share. Lead!
Authors: Lieberman Daina S.
Published: August 2014

Step into leadership because you have a lot to offer and a lot to learn.
Send This to Your Legislator!
Authors: Flanagan Nancy
Published: August 2014

Legislators could improve their work on education issues if they would ask more questions and listen more to teachers.
Reconfiguring Bruner: Compressing the Spiral Curriculum
Authors: Gibbs Brian C.
Published: August 2014

At base, the “spiral curriculum” is the best way to design learning, but we've gone wrong in its implementation.
The Burden of Equality in Public Education
Authors: Darden Edwin C.
Published: August 2014

The U.S. Constitution's silence on education has sent battles on education funding into state courts.
A New Agenda for Brazilian Education
Authors: Castro Maria Helena Guimarães de
Published: August 2014

Brazil has come a long way in improving its public schools, but new reforms that lengthen the school day and improve teaching and compensation are still needed.
Conditions for Motivated Learning
Authors: Cushman Kathleen
Published: August 2014

Schools and teachers can be more intentional about encouraging student motivation.
Education Reform Sparks Teacher Protest in Mexico
Authors: Levinson Bradley A.
Published: August 2014

The tumult in Mexican education has deep roots in politics and tradition, but it is latter-day global competition and international measures of student performance that are driving reform efforts.
3 Hurdles for Common Core Adoption
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2014

The pitched battle over Common Core State Standards has many of the hallmarks of prior edu-wars, but it also has three unique facets that could help or hurt it, depending on how they are handled.
Build a Meaningful Student Culture from Day One
Authors: Bambrick-Santoyo Paul
Published: August 2014

At its best, student culture is the cornerstone of a learning environment where student intellect and character will both thrive. The key to building a great culture is consistency: all staff practicing together to implement a unified vision from the first day of school.
Making Education a Right
Authors: Richardson Joan
Published: August 2014

In Haiti, the poorest nation in our hemisphere, work is under way to make education available to more of its children living in abject poverty.
The Disconnect between College and Reality
Authors: Underwood Janice Bell , Burns Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

With formative assessments, teachers can more accurately determine student interests and aptitudes and drive achievement.
Try it again, Uncle Sam
Authors: Bushaw William J. , Calderon Valerie J.
Published: August 2014

The 46th Annual PDK/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes Toward the Public Schools reveals that Americans say they know a lot more this year about the Common Core State Standards than they indicated a year ago, and they like it a lot less. Americans also say local school boards should have the greatest influence in deciding what is taught in the public schools. Americans support public charter schools, particularly when they’re described as schools that can operate independently and free of regulations. Americans don’t believe standardized tests help teachers know what to teach. Americans continue to assign higher grades to their local schools but far lower grades to the nation’s schools in general. Americans gave the President significantly lower grades on his performance in support of public schools.
Closing the gap … between the university and schoolhouse
Authors: Schneider Jack
Published: August 2014

Scholarship that moves from research into practice shares characteristics that make it visible to teachers, friendly to their worldview, practicable for realities of K-12 schools, and easily sharable. But that doesn't mean it's good or effective.
The right test for the wrong reason
Authors: Popham W. James
Published: August 2014

The tests we use to evaluate student achievement may well be sound measures of what students know, but they are faulty indicators at best of how well they have been taught. A remedy to this this situation of judging teachers by the performance of their students on high-stakes tests may be in hand already. We should look to the methods successfully used to eliminate testing bias when it was first discovered as pertaining to gender and racial groups.
The true gift of education is more giving
Authors: Bathina Jyothi
Published: August 2014

Educators visit India to spread expertise and learn a more important lesson in community. They hadn't anticipated the quiet successes in the schools and classrooms they visited, causing them nearly overnight to switch from being experts to novices. No matter the socioeconomic status of the school, most striking was the high value placed on education, not only as an end that would result in personal success, but as a means for uplifting society as a whole.
Reaching girls
Authors: Jacobs Charlotte E. , Kuriloff Peter J. , Andrus Shannon H. , Cox Amanda B.
Published: August 2014

If educators want to engage girls in learning, they must align teaching practices with girls' specific needs. In a study modeled after Reichert and Hawley's study of boys, the authors learned that lessons with hands-on learning, elements of creativity, multimodal projects, and class discussions all worked to stimulate girls' interest in the classroom; relationships, while central to both genders, seem to be particularly influential for girls and their educational engagement; and the relevance of the classroom material to girls' lives is key to sustaining girls' interest.
WASHINGTON VIEW
Authors: Ferguson Maria
Published: August 2014

The annual PDK/Gallup Poll of the Public's Attitudes Toward the Public Schools is coming out. It always gives us an important view of what Americans are thinking about their schools and education in general. There are important issues covered in the poll and we would do well to consider what the public is saying about our schools and we in Washington and across the country make and consider policy and initiatives for our future.
PDK CONNECTION
Authors: Patterson Gregory A.
Published: August 2014

Election results for seats on the PDK International Board of Directors have made Angela Walmsely the new board member who will represent Region A. In region C incumbent José Vega won a re-election bid. PDK International magazines, Kappan, Educational Horizons, and Go Teach were honored with a variety of industry awards. PDK Emerging Leaders Isabel Morales and Jeremy Koselak answer the Question of the Month: Are international measures of student achievement leading education policy in the right direction?
BACKTALK
Authors: Kundu Anindya
Published: August 2014

Agency has been overlooked in favor of the trendier idea of grit, and that's preventing educators and policy makers from focusing on strategies that would really improve a student's opportunities by removing obstacles in the path of student success.
Real-time dynamic HIL simulator of gas turbine, governor, generator and grid for static excitation of a 200-MVA synchronous generator
Authors: Iranian Mohamad Esmaeil , Yousefi Iman , Shoorehdeli Mahdi Aliyari
Published: August 2014

A real-time dynamic hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulator of an RTX real-time subsystem (RTSS) was developed by using LabVIEW (G language). The main idea of this work was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of widely available and highly competitive commercial products, such as personal computers on an RTSS, as an alternative to conventional prohibitive real-time simulators in dynamic studies of power systems. The implemented system is a self-contained heavy-duty gas turbine, governor, synchronous 200-MVA, 15.75-kV machine and a simplified electrical network. The HIL simulator was customized to interact with a 1518-kW static exciter. The role of this HIL simulator is to provide real-time digital and analog signals for static exciter systems (SES) and to simulate the mechanical and electrical components in a closed-loop, fixed-step solver applied by a well-known numerical solution method. This sophisticated yet exceptionally economic HIL simulator provides engineers with a safe environment to analyze the dynamic performance of static exciters and investigate their natural restraints and functionalities. It also provides a safe environment to analyze some naturally destructive tests.
Re-anchoring capital in disaster-devastated spaces: Financialisation and the Gulf Opportunity (GO) Zone programme
Authors: Gotham Kevin Fox
Published: August 2014

This paper contributes to scholarship on the relationship between financialisation and the production of urban space by examining the implementation of the Gulf Opportunity (GO) Zone Act of 2005 (Pub. L. No. 109–135). From 2005 to December 2011, the GO Zone provided over $23 billion in tax-free, low-interest bonds and other tax incentives to individuals and businesses in the Gulf Coast area affected by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Drawing on government documents, planning reports, and interviews, I identify the limitations of the GO Zone and provide a critical assessment of the use of financialisation techniques to revitalise disaster-devastated communities. In doing so, my investigation seeks to deepen scholarly understanding of post-disaster regulatory experiments to illuminate the mechanisms underlying the production and regulation of uneven spatial development. My analysis challenges accounts that locate financialisation in deregulatory initiatives and, in contrast, shows that financialisation is a state-driven process that exacerbates risk and is associated with a series of intense contradictions, regulatory failures, and crisis tendencies.
Women leaders in higher education: a psycho-spiritual perspective
Authors: Mayer Claude-Hélène , Surtee Sabie , Barnard Antoni
Published: August 2014

Demands on women in middle and senior leadership positions in higher education institutions inevitably challenge their well-being. How they manage these demands is strongly related to their sense of coherence and their spirituality, constructs that have demonstrated positive relations with general and work-related well-being. This study aims to explore the construction of sense of coherence and spirituality of women leaders in higher education institutions. It adopts a qualitative research approach, applying constructivist grounded theory. The sample comprises 13 academic and support services women working in higher education, who belong to the Higher Education Resource Services South Africa network, a non-profit organisation that promotes leadership development and representation of women in senior positions in higher education. This study contributes to knowledge on gender-specific well-being concepts by presenting qualitative findings on women leaders’ life-orientation in terms of sense of coherence and spirituality in a higher education institution in South Africa. Themes from the interview data provide key insights on three subcomponents of sense of coherence: manageability, comprehensibility, and meaningfulness. Spirituality furthermore emerged as constructed in inner-connectedness, trans-personality, and a coping resource in the work context. Meaningfulness emerged as central to the life-orientation and spirituality of women leaders in higher education. Finally, a core theoretical idea is presented in proposing an integrated psycho-spiritual perspective, with meaningfulness as central, grounded in a motivational and relational orientation, and facilitating the potential well-being of women leaders in higher education institutions. Recommendations are made for future research and to inform leadership development and well-being interventions targeting women in higher education.
The Intertwined Model of Reactance for Resistance and Persuasive Boomerang
Authors: Kim Sang-Yeon , Levine Timothy R. , Allen Mike
Published: August 2014

Recently, Kim, Levine, and Allen have successfully demonstrated that the intertwined model of psychological reactance is applicable for message features other than freedom threat (i.e., personal insult, poor argument). The supporting evidence was obtained where resistance prevailed. The current study further extends the utility of the intertwined model by replicating Kim et al.’s experiment in a content domain where persuasive boomerang was observable. Consistent with Kim et al.’s findings, results indicate that both poor argument and personal insult produced negative thoughts and anger in an intertwined manner as freedom threat does. The factor structure of reactance remained similar whether the message produced resistance (i.e., freedom threat, poor argument) or persuasive boomerang (i.e., personal insult). Anger constituted a more powerful sub-construct of reactance than negative cognition across conditions.
Norwegian Developments and Perspectives on Violence Risk Assessment
Authors: Bjørkly Stål , Hartvig Pål , Roaldset John Olav , Singh Jay P.
Published: August 2014

The first Norwegian tools designed to assess the violence risk of the mentally ill were developed in the late 1980s, though the first national guidelines for both violence and suicide risk assessment were not published until two decades later in 2007. This article reviews the history of the field of forensic risk assessment in Norway from its humble beginnings to the present day. First an overview is provided of the history of forensic psychiatry and the criminal justice system. The main scope, however, is to discuss current research on and practice of risk assessment of violence in Norway, with an emphasis on the development and use of Norwegian risk assessment tools and methods. Particular attention is paid to instruments that follow the structured professional judgment model of risk assessment, as actuarial tools are rarely researched and not routinely implemented in clinical practice in Norway. Finally, a brief analysis is provided of some controversies concerning risk assessment in the expert witness reports on Anders Behring Breivik, who murdered 77 persons in 2011.
Rejecting Patriarchy for Equivalence in the US Military
Authors: Brownson Connie
Published: August 2014

This article is a response to Anthony King’s “Women Warriors: Female Accession to Ground Combat.” King rightly asserts that the accession of women to combat roles is a notable historical departure in warfighting. He critiques Brownson’s conceptual ideal of “equivalency” as a potentially profound force of transformation of gender relations in the military. While conceptually progressive, he errs in framing the potential transformation within the concept of “patriarchy.” Further, King is unable to recast binary gendered language to acknowledge fully the concept of “kinship.” For females to maximally succeed in the military, and particularly in combat roles, patriarchy as the defining explanation for male–female interaction must be discarded and the enabling concepts of equivalency and kinship must be embraced. The continued strength of military organizations and the individuals within them emerges from the reciprocity of these two concepts.
Reading Interventions for Middle and Secondary Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Burke Mack D. , Boon Richard T. , Hatton Heather , Bowman-Perrott Lisa
Published: August 2014

Many students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) experience learning problems in reading at the middle and secondary school levels. Yet, the academic performance of students with EBD is often overlooked in the research literature. The purpose of this article was to provide a quantitative synthesis of the published, peer-reviewed, single-case research literature on reading interventions for students with or at-risk for EBD. An omnibus nonoverlap effect size of .59 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.54, .64] was found consisting of 219 phase contrasts and 44 participants across the 11 studies included in the review. The findings are discussed in the context of improving the academic and behavioral outcomes of middle and secondary students with EBD.
Institutional Dynamics in International Organizations: Lessons from the Recruitment Procedures of the European External Action Service
Authors: Murdoch Zuzana , Geys Benny
Published: August 2014

This article examines how organizational designs develop by proposing a novel theoretical framework that views organizational change as resulting from a dialectic process between interpretive agents. The key claim is that existing formal procedures (such as recruitment processes, our empirical focal point) are subject to involved actors’ interpretive efforts. This results in a bargaining situation based on the interpretations of the principal actors, which may induce a feedback loop whereby the original procedures are amended. The empirical relevance of the theoretical argument is illustrated via a case study of the hiring procedures in the European External Action Service.
Foucault beyond Fairclough: From Transcendental to Immanent Critique in Organization Studies
Authors: Curtis Rowland
Published: August 2014

This article presents the case that while Foucault’s ideas have been the subject of much debate, the distinctive transformative potentials of his immanent thought have tended to have been overlooked in the field to date. In making this case, critical realism provides an important counter-example, as a transcendental orientation to critical practice with significant influence in contemporary organization studies. In drawing out the difference between these contrasting orientations to critique, Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analytic (CDA) framework is evaluated here as an approach to organization studies that took early inspiration from Foucault’s work, while having looked towards critical realist ideas in recent years. Fairclough’s writings on discourse and university ‘marketization’ provide a useful empirical focus to explore the distinctive styles of problem-posing that follow from these different critical orientations; contrasting the distanced normativity of critical realist-informed transcendentalism with the situated, transformative potentials of Foucault’s immanent thought. Through these investigations, the article offers a reappraisal of existing lines of debate on Foucault and critical realism in organization studies, and of the value of Foucault’s ideas to the field more broadly.
Group Cultures and the Everyday Life of Organizations: Interaction Orders and Meso-Analysis
Authors: Fine Gary Alan , Hallett Tim
Published: August 2014

Drawing on sociological conceptions of interaction, small groups, and group cultures, we argue that organizational studies benefits from a meso-analysis of everyday life. Small group cultures are a means through which colleagues and co-workers share embedded and powerful self-referential meanings that shape ongoing organizational activity. Through this perspective we argue for a group-level approach to organizations that emphasizes the local production of knowledge and structure. Drawing upon ethnographic research on field offices of the US National Weather Service, we emphasize the importance of shared awareness and memory, performance, and differentiation, building on a vibrant group culture in which workers collaborate and challenge each other. In conclusion we examine connections and differences among the group culture approach, and related approaches that emphasize inhabited institutions, institutional logics, institutional work, and organizational culture.
Effects of the design of written music on the readability for children with dyslexia
Authors: Flach Nanke , Timmermans Anneke , Korpershoek Hanke
Published: August 2014

This study investigates the relationship between the design of written music and the number of mistakes dyslexic and non-dyslexic children make in reading music is investigated in this study. Previous research shows that children with dyslexia experience difficulties with reading music, especially discerning pitch. Common mistakes of dyslexic students are third-transpositions. Based on insights from previous studies, a questionnaire was developed with several design adaptations of written music. The questionnaire was filled out by 72 Dutch children aged between 8 and 13 years. The results show that children with dyslexia did make significantly more mistakes in reading pitch than non-dyslexic children. The number of mistakes was reduced by enlarging the staves and also by writing all the stems of the notes in the same direction. Using differently-coloured lines in the staff did not reduce the amount of mistakes and was in some cases counterproductive.
Interpersonal Trauma and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescents
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Gallus Kami L. , Shreffler Karina M. , Merten Michael J. , Cox Ronald B.
Published: August 2014

Interpersonal traumas experienced early in life adversely impact psychological well-being in children and adolescents, yet the specific role that social support can have in reducing negative outcomes following trauma exposure is unclear. Using a general population sample of seventh-grade students in an urban public school district in the South Central United States ( n = 1,712), we examined the effects of early life interpersonal trauma exposure on adolescents’ depressive symptoms and examined moderating effects of two types of social support, perceived parent and school connectedness. Findings suggest that early life trauma is common among young urban adolescents. Linear regression findings indicate that cumulative trauma exposure is associated with greater levels of depressive symptoms. Greater parent and school connectedness are associated with reduced depressive symptoms, and there was a moderating effect for parent connectedness; trauma exposure was significantly associated with depressive symptoms only when parent connectedness was low, indicating a protective effect of high parent connectedness for early adolescents exposed to trauma.
Development of persistent headache following stroke: A 3-year follow-up
Authors: Hansen Anne P , Marcussen Ninna S , Klit Henriette , Kasch Helge , Jensen Troels S , Finnerup Nanna B
Published: August 2014

Background

Headache following stroke has been described in previous studies with an incidence of 23%–54%, but a clear description of headache developing after stroke onset is still lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of persistent novel headache after stroke and to describe the use of medication, including dipyridamole.

Methods

As a follow-up to a prospective study, a standardized questionnaire about characteristics of novel headache and medication use was sent out to surviving patients three years after their stroke.

Results

The questionnaire was sent to 256 patients and returned by 222, of whom 12% (26/222) of patients reported persistent novel headache. Dipyridamole had no significant influence on the incidence. Stroke-attributed headache according to predefined criteria was reported in 7.2% (16/222) of patients, with tension-type-like headache in 50.0%, migraine-like in 31.3% and medication overuse in 6.25% of patients. More than half of patients experienced moderate to severe pain and had a score of 55 or above on the Headache Impact Test-6 scale.

Conclusion

Novel headache after stroke affects one in 10 patients and seems to be unrelated to dipyridamole use. Persistent headache attributed to stroke is similar to tension-type headache for half of patients.
New Wine in an Old Bottle
Authors: Zhao Jianhua
Published: August 2014

Since the economic reforms that began in the late 1970s, family businesses have reemerged in China. In general, social scientists have treated the Chinese family firm as a cultural and economic phenomenon. However, Chinese culture and family have usually been taken as an independent variable. Against the grain of this literature, this article treats the family as a social construct, whose boundary is constantly negotiated by family members. Based on an ethnographic study of a family firm in Zhejiang, China, this article argues that as the institutions of the family and lineage evolve, a new type of family firm is emerging in China.
Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Athletes on Synthetic Playing Surfaces
Authors: Balazs George C. , Pavey Gabriel J. , Brelin Alaina M. , Pickett Adam , Keblish David J. , Rue John-Paul H.
Published: August 2014

Background:

The effect of synthetic playing surfaces on the risk of injury in athletes is frequently debated in the orthopaedic literature. Biomechanical studies have identified increased frictional force at the shoe-surface interface, theoretically increasing the risk of injury relative to natural grass. This increase in frictional force is potentially relevant for the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, where noncontact mechanisms are frequent. However, clinical studies examining this issue have shown mixed results.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available literature on risk of ACL rupture on natural grass versus artificial turf. We hypothesized that the risk of ACL rupture on synthetic playing surfaces would not be higher than that of natural grass playing surfaces.

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Methods:

A systematic keyword search was performed of OVID, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Candidate articles were included if they reported the risk ratio of ACL rupture on natural grass versus synthetic playing surfaces, were of level 3 evidence or better, and included only ACL injuries sustained during organized athletic events. Exclusion criteria included a study with non-field-related sports and the use of historical cohorts for calculating risk ratios.

Results:

A total of 10 studies with 963 ACL injuries met criteria for inclusion, all of which reported on soccer and football cohorts. Among these, 4 studies (753 ACL injuries) found an increased risk of ACL injury on artificial playing surfaces. All 4 of these articles were conducted using American football cohorts, and they included both earlier-generation surfaces (AstroTurf) and modern, 3rd-generation surfaces. Only 1 study in football players found a reduced risk of ACL injury on synthetic playing surfaces. No soccer cohort found an increased risk of ACL injury on synthetic surfaces.

Conclusion:

High-quality studies support an increased rate of ACL injury on synthetic playing surfaces in football, but there is no apparent increased risk in soccer. Further study is needed to clarify the reason for this apparent discrepancy.
Daily Stressors in Primary Education Students
Authors: Fernández-Baena F. Javier , Trianes María V. , Escobar Milagros , Blanca María J. , Muñoz Ángela M.
Published: August 2014

Daily stress can have a bearing on children’s emotional and academic development. This study aimed to assess daily stressors and to determine their prevalence among primary education students, taking into account their gender, academic year, social adaptation, and the school location. A sample of 7,354 Spanish schoolchildren aged between 6 and 13 years (boys, N = 3,777, girls, N = 3,577; M = 10.32, SD = 1.47) completed the Children’s Daily Stressors Inventory (Inventario de Estrés Cotidiano Infantil, IECI in Spanish). Based on the IECI cut-offs, the majority of participants reported an absence of daily stress (68%) or only mild stress (23.2%). The prevalence of severe daily stress was 8.7%. While broadly positive, these results regarding the incidence of daily stressors in childhood highlight the need to teach children effective strategies for coping with their day-to-day problems. Intervention of this kind would be especially important for children from socially and economically disadvantaged areas and for those who present behavioral and emotional difficulties such as aggressive or inhibited behavior.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Increasing Parental Age on the Phenotypic Severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Geier David A. , Hooker Brian S. , Kern Janet K. , Sykes Lisa K. , Geier Mark R.
Published: August 2014

It was recently postulated that because increased genetic load and increased parental age are both purportedly associated with the risk to develop an autism spectrum disorder, there must be a linkage between increasing genetic load and increasing parental age in autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis. The present study examined the hypothesis that if increased genetic load from increasing paternal age is important to autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis, then there should be a significant relationship between increasing parental age and increasing autism spectrum disorder phenotypic severity. Outpatient clinical records were retrospectively examined to identify a consecutive cohort of subjects diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (n = 351). Increasing autism spectrum disorder phenotypic severity was found not to be associated with increasing maternal/paternal age. The present study failed to support the hypothesis that increasing parental age was associated with increasing autism spectrum disorder phenotypic severity, but future studies should examine the relationship between genetic mutations in subjects diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder and increasing parental age.
Use of Research Evidence by Juvenile Justice and Youth Service Professionals
Authors: Johnson Lee Michael , Lebold Susan M. , Elam Paul
Published: August 2014

The current study utilized focus group interviews to examine use of research evidence by juvenile justice and youth service professionals. It was undertaken to help explain why social research is underutilized in determining policy and practice. Through focus group interviews, the current study explored research use among professionals providing various local services to troubled youth in a one-county area. A total of 35 professionals participated in four focus groups. Results suggest that participants have limited knowledge and awareness of research evidence, though they were very familiar with evidence-based programming itself. The need continues for strategies to bring research and the field closer together in an effort to develop more effective policies and practices. For example, public policy and research/evaluation firms should be given a major role in pursuing this mission.
Numerical study on transient effective flow and force areas of reed valve in a rotary compressor
Authors: Tan Qin , Pan Shulin , Liu Zhan , Yu Xiaoling , Feng Quanke
Published: August 2014

Transient effective flow and force areas of reed valve in a rotary compressor are studied by two three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction (FSI) models. One is the full FSI model, the other one is the simplified FSI model, in which the discharge port is not covered. It is apparent that two effects have to be considered in the one-dimensional valve model: partly covered discharge port by the cylinder and the roller, and unsteady flow. In an attempt to describe the first effect, comparison of the transient effective flow and force areas between the full FSI model and the simplified FSI model is presented. For the second effect, unsteady flow and force equations are developed and analyzed, and the steady effective flow and force areas are compared with that of the transient. It is found that if these two effects are negligible, the impact velocity of the valve reed impacting on the retainer will be overestimated.
Assessing the quality of a deliberative democracy mini-public event about advanced biofuel production and development in Canada
Authors: Longstaff Holly , Secko David M.
Published: August 2014

The importance of evaluating deliberative public engagement events is well recognized, but such activities are rarely conducted for a variety of theoretical, political and practical reasons. In this article, we provide an assessment of the criteria presented in the 2008 National Research Council report on Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making (NRC report) as explicit indicators of quality for the 2012 ‘Advanced Biofuels’ deliberative democracy event. The National Research Council’s criteria were selected to evaluate this event because they are decision oriented, are the products of an exhaustive review of similar past events, are intended specifically for environmental processes and encompass many of the criteria presented in other evaluation frameworks. It is our hope that the results of our study may encourage others to employ and assess the National Research Council’s criteria as a generalizable benchmark that may justifiably be used in forthcoming deliberative events exploring different topics with different audiences.
Research governance in placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Lenk Christian , Hoppe Nils
Published: August 2014

The European Medicines Agency and the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use are powerful international institutions for the regulation of biomedical research. Although not directly concerned with the ethical aspects of research, both institutions have disseminated position papers on ethical issues relating to the use of placebos in clinical trials. What appears initially to be guidance on the methodology of placebo-controlled trials (with very technical content) clearly has some far-reaching implications for the extent of risk patients can be expected to be subjected to in such trials. On the basis of this guidance, this article questions how much additional harm to patients would be acceptable in placebo-controlled trials in comparison with active-control trials. The article will show that the instruments provided in the guidance are unsuitable, remaining unclear on vital points and thereby leaving patients, researchers and research ethics committees without appropriate direction. In conclusion, placebo-controlled trials urgently need more appropriate regulation to ascertain an acceptable level of risk for participating patients in relation to additional harm.
Liberalization and Structural Change in Australian Automotive Industry: An Analysis of Trade and Productivity Performance: 1962–2008
Authors: Bopage Lionel , Sharma Kishor
Published: August 2014

This article investigates the effects of policy liberalization on structural change in the Australian automotive industry, with a focus on trade and productivity performance. While there has been a rise in exports and imports, productivity fell significantly following policy liberalization. The absolute fall in productivity appears to have been linked with the excess production capacity and higher production costs. The post-liberalization fall in productivity may signal the beginning of a turnaround, but only if the cost of production is significantly reduced through further reforms.
Institutional Investors and Stock Liquidity: Evidence from Indian Stock Market
Authors: Syamala Sudhakara Reddy , Chauhan Yogesh , Wadhwa Kavita
Published: August 2014

The main aim of this article is to examine the relation between institutional ownership and stock liquidity. Using a large sample of Indian firm data for the period 2001–2012, we estimate two liquidity measures, Amihud illiquidity and HL-spread. We find that institutional ownership is negatively related to the stock liquidity. We also find that the negative institutional ownership–stock liquidity relation is mostly driven by foreign institutional investors (FIIs) and Bank ownership. Conversely, retail ownership is positively related to the stock liquidity. Importantly, we find that institutional investors are more likely to hold liquid stocks. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the level of institutional ownership proxies for informed investors, while they trade liquid stock to reduce price impact cost.
An Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Investment in Mutual Funds in India
Authors: Chawla Deepak
Published: August 2014

The study is based on a sample of 431 respondents chosen using convenience sampling to understand the mutual fund buying behaviour of the individual investors. The article identifies the various attributes that investors consider important while investing in mutual fund. There are two underlying factors of importance that are extracted namely Credibility of the fund and Miscellaneous features of the fund. The relationship of these factors with demographic variables is ascertained. The article suggests recommendations for the mutual fund companies and suggestions for future research.
Development and Validation of Student Engagement Scale in the Indian Context
Authors: Singh Anup K. , Srivastava Shalini
Published: August 2014

This article reports the development and validation of a student engagement scale (SES), as tested on a sample of 166 respondents from a management school located in the National Capital Region (NCR). The SES is a 41-item self-reporting questionnaire that measures three facets of student engagement namely, sense of belonging, individual engagement and collaborative engagement. The sub-scales had high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. All the three dimensions of student engagement were positively and significantly related to management skill, a criterion variable. Regression analysis revealed that individual engagement and collaborative engagement explained a significant amount of variance in management skill. Thus, the engagement scales demonstrated predictive validity. The usage of engagement scales for educational practices is discussed and future research directions are highlighted.
Business Succession Planning in Indian MSM-FOBEs: A Study Based on Managerial-Role Employees
Authors: Jain Sudhir Kumar , Jain Nalin
Published: August 2014

Family owned business enterprises (FOBEs) are prolific contributors to the Indian economy. Micro, small and medium family owned business enterprises (MSM-FOBEs) form a substantial portion of Indian FOBEs. MSM-FOBEs are highly vulnerable to intergenerational business succession. The extent of succession planning, an important factor for the success of business succession, varies with the size of the MSM-FOBE. The number of managerial-role employees is one of the indicators of the size of the MSM-FOBE. The importance of business succession planning to the owner–manager is one of the determinants of the extent of succession planning in any MSM-FOBE. The importance of six succession planning issues to owner–managers is compared on the number of the managerial-role employees in their MSM-FOBEs. The study reveals higher importance of five succession issues to owner–managers of larger MSM-FOBEs that is, those with higher number of managerial-role employees. The lower importance of most succession planning issues among owner–managers of small Indian MSM-FOBEs (with no managerial-role employees) could be one of the reasons for their higher vulnerability to business succession.
Role Perception and Role Performance: Moderating Effect of Competence Mobilization
Authors: P.B. Srikanth
Published: August 2014

Today’s organizations are largely being seen as role-based wherein different individuals are expected to work in interdependent teams. The present study seeks to understand the role of contextual factor (role perception) and individual characteristic (competence mobilization) on role performance. Using multi-source data, the empirical study examined the interaction effect by analyzing data collected from 176 employees of a large multinational information technology (IT) organization in India. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis provided support to establish that competence mobilization moderated the relationship between role perception and role performance. The findings of the study have been discussed at theoretical level for researchers and practical level for managers.
Book Review: Mindy Kay Bricker (Ed.), The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Disaster: Investigating the Myth and Reality
Authors: Atkinson Christopher L.
Published: August 2014

Mindy Kay Bricker (Ed.), The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Disaster: Investigating the Myth and Reality, by the Independent Investigation Commission on the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (1st ed.). Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Earthscan/Routledge, 2014, 298 pp. (ISBN: 978-0-415-71393-1 [HB, US$ 145]; 978-0-415-71396-2 [PB, US$ 39.95])
Book Review: Julian Randall and Allan J. Sim, Managing People at Work
Authors: Rao M.S.
Published: August 2014

Julian Randall and Allan J. Sim, Managing People at Work. London: Routledge, 2014, 416 pp. £ 100, (ISBN: 978-0-415-53438-3 [HB])
Book Review: Maharajakrishna Rasgotra, Science and Technology in China: Implications and Lessons for India
Authors: Kirpalani V.H. Manek
Published: August 2014

Maharajakrishna Rasgotra, Science and Technology in China: Implications and Lessons for India. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2013, 280 pp. ₹ 795 (ISBN: 978-81-321-1312-6 [HB])
Book Review: Manoj Kumar Sinha, Business and Human Rights
Authors: Narayana C.N.
Published: August 2014

Manoj Kumar Sinha, Business and Human Rights. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd (SAGE Law), 2013, 401 pp. ₹ 995 (ISBN: 978-81-321-1139-9 [HB])
Disparity in Diabetes Risk Across Native Hawaiians and Different Asian Groups
Authors: Maskarinec Gertraud , Jacobs Simone , Morimoto Yukiko , Chock Marci , Grandinetti Andrew , Kolonel Laurence N.
Published: August 2014

We evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle risk factors on ethnic disparity in diabetes incidence among 89 198 Asian, Native Hawaiian, and white participants of the Multiethnic Cohort who completed multiple questionnaires. After 12 years of follow-up, 11 218 new cases were identified through self-report and health plan linkages. BMI was lowest in Chinese/Koreans, Japanese, and Filipinos (22.4, 23.5, and 23.9 kg/m2). Using Cox regression, the unadjusted hazard ratios were 1.9 (Chinese/Korean), 2.1 (Japanese, Mixed-Asian), 2.2 (Filipino), 2.5 (Native Hawaiian), and 2.6 (part-Asian) as compared with whites. With BMI added, the risk for Japanese, Filipinos, Chinese/Koreans, and mixed-Asians increased (8%-42%) but declined in part-Asians and Native Hawaiians (17%-31%). When lifestyle and dietary factors were also included, the risk was attenuated in all groups (6%-14%). Despite their lower BMI, Asian Americans have a higher diabetes risk than whites, but dietary and lifestyle factors do not account for the excess risk.