bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Watershed‐scale phosphorus balances to establish reasonable water quality expectations
Authors: Peterson Heidi
Published: May 2018

Nutrient balances to optimize phosphorus use efficiency without jeopardizing system productivity can be applied at multiple spatial scales to track nutrient flows on the farm or across a watershed. When combined with soil testing or water quality data, nutrient balances can be a valuable tool for determining which 4R phosphorus management practices will be effective for meeting production or nutrient loss reduction goals. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/580.
Residual effects of nitrogen application and legume crops on the economics of spring wheat and canola
Authors: Khakbazan Mohammad , Grant Cynthia , Huang John , Xie Rebecca , O'Donovan John , Smith Elwin
Published: May 2018

The objective of this article is to summarize the results of a study conducted over six years at seven rainfed locations on the Canadian Prairies to determine the residual effects of preceding legume crops and past N fertilizer application rates on the economics of subsequent spring wheat and canola. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/552.
Modeling Solute Mass Exchange between Pore Regions in Slurry‐Injected Soil Columns during Intermittent Irrigation
Authors: Glæsner Nadia , Diamantopoulos Efstathios , Magid Jakob , Kjaergaard Charlotte , Gerke Horst H.
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas

Water flow and solute transport models described solute leaching during slurry injection.

Intermittent flow increased leaching of injected slurry compounds compared with steady flow.

Mass exchange of slurry compounds during interruptions occurred from im‐ to mobile pore regions.

Mass exchange between pore regions should be included in larger scale model predictions.

Animal slurry application to agricultural land can be a threat to the quality of groundwater and nearby surface water bodies by percolation of solutes from slurry sources. We hypothesized that local‐scale processes, such as mass exchange between preferential flow paths and matrix pore regions, can play a substantial role in relation to slurry application and nutrient leaching. To improve understanding of these mass exchange mechanisms, soil column leaching data of nonreactive slurry components after injection of dairy slurry were analyzed under different initial and boundary conditions with single‐ and double‐porosity model approaches. The data set was from nine intact soil columns (20‐cm i.d., 20‐cm height) of the plow layer of arable loamy topsoil that were percolated under unsaturated steady‐flow conditions with a suction of 5 cm applied at the bottom. Both single‐ and double‐porosity water flow and mobile–immobile solute transport models could describe these experimental breakthrough curves. Rainfall interruptions mimicking more natural conditions and variably saturated intermittent flow led to higher leaching of injected slurry compounds than steady‐flow conditions. These observations could be explained by an increased mass exchange of dissolved injected slurry components from the immobile to the mobile pore water regions during interruptions. The results suggest that column tests under steady‐flow conditions could lead to false predictions of solute leaching after slurry injection in structured soils. Furthermore, local‐scale processes, such as mass exchange between pore regions, should be included in larger scale model predictions of nutrient losses from agricultural fields.
Diversas vozes, muitos dilemas: discutindo o Programa Bolsa Família a partir das questões de gênero e empoderamento
Authors: Cecchin Hareli Fernanda Garcia , Parente Temis Gomes
Published: May 2018

O Programa Bolsa Família foi criado com o objetivo de promover o alívio da pobreza por meio da transferência de renda. É expressivo o percentual de mulheres beneficiárias, pois são elas as titulares para o recebimento. A prioridade feminina se dá porque se considera que são elas as responsáveis pelo cuidado da família. Tendo isso em vista, esta pesquisa foi realizada no município de Babaçulândia (TO), no Acampamento Ilha Verde, com o objetivo de levantar os efeitos do Programa Bolsa Família no cotidiano das mulheres beneficiárias desse Acampamento, com foco nas relações de gênero e empoderamento. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se a História Oral, que visa o contato direto com os sujeitos via história narrada por meio da técnica da entrevista. As mulheres do Acampamento Ilha Verde relataram utilizar o benefício para manter a sobrevivência da família (por meio da aquisição de alimentos, roupas e remédios). Nas entrevistas realizadas, nenhuma das mulheres relatou ter participado de programas complementares ligados ao Bolsa Família, como cursos do Programa Bolsa Família ou do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec). A partir das discussões, e através das narrativas das mulheres, percebeu-se que o Programa Bolsa Família não provocou transformações no cotidiano das famílias do Acampamento Ilha Verde, pois as mulheres reproduzem as relações de gênero.
From Individual Learning to Interorganizational Learning: Proposition of an Analysis Framework
Authors: Estivalete Vania De Fátima Barros , Pedrozo Eugenio Avila
Published: May 2018

The focus of this study is in the search for trying to understand how the individual, organizational and interorganizational learning processes occur in two horizontal networks of the agribusiness retail chain that belong to the supermarket segment. Therefore, The objectives of this paper are: (i) suggesting a learning process analysis framework among organizations that establish horizontal interorganizational relationships, articulating learning on the individual, organizational and interorganizational levels, and applying it to networks, and; (ii) establishing relationships between the constructs and the categories that constitute the framework. This research is characterized by its qualitative and exploratory nature, and the method adopted is the study of multiple cases. The data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, documental analysis and learning stories. In order for the learning process to advance on an interorganizational level, the research results indicated the importance of: strategic behaviors related to collaboration; learning through the interactive method and; greater valorization of the learning elements of the behavioral-social dimension, mainly the key element of trust in the relationships.
Moedas Sociais e suas Contribuições em Comunidades Economicamente Precarizadas: Um Estudo Exploratório da Experiência do Projeto Pet Mania em Campo Grande - MS
Authors: Gualberto de Oliveira Eziel , Benini Elcio Gustavo , Santana Gomes Estival Katianny , Gualhanone Nemirovsky Gabriel , Federichi do Nascimento Diego
Published: May 2018

As moedas sociais podem ser compreendidas como um alternativo meio de troca de bens e serviços que é administrada por seus usuários, apresentam uma variedade de formas de expressão conforme condições específicas, aspectos sociais e culturais nas quais surgem. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo investigar quais os efeitos e contribuições promovidos pela utilização de moedas sociais em comunidades marcadas pela condição de precariedade socioeconômica, considerando as possibilidades na perspectiva do desenvolvimento local participativo e solidário. Os procedimentos da pesquisa foram orientados por uma epistemologia de crítica dialética. A aproximação empírica do objeto de investigação ocorreu por meio da análise da experiência de moeda social do projeto Pet Mania localizada no bairro do Portal Caiobá, uma região periférica na cidade de Campo Grande - MS. Constatou-se que as moedas sociais podem ser utilizadas com a finalidade estratégica de enfrentar os problemas da escassez de dinheiro associada à dinâmica econômica concentradora de riqueza, promovendo a ativação das capacidades produtivas locais e contribuindo com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico das comunidades. A análise da experiência do caso estudado revelou que a utilização da moeda social do projeto apresenta lastro produtivo diferenciado baseado na mobilização da atividade de coleta de materiais recicláveis, e, de fato, contribui para desenvolvimento local de caráter solidário gerando benefícios nos segmento ambiental, econômico e social da comunidade.
O Impacto da Gestão de Operações Verdes no Desempenho Organizacional em um Contexto de Cadeia de Suprimentos
Authors: Moori Roberto Giro , Zampese Ednei Rogério de Souza , Perez Gilberto
Published: May 2018

O objetivo foi o de avaliar um modelo de gestão de operações verdes que incorpora a gestão de operações verdes como constructo focal e a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos como antecedente, e marketing verde e desempenho organizacional como construtos consequentes. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa constituída de duas fases. A primeira, de natureza exploratória do tipo qualitativo, utilizou-se de uma amostra de 10 respondentes cuja coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas em profundidade. A segunda, de natureza descritiva do tipo quantitativo, utilizou-se de uma amostra de 151 respondentes cuja coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionários semiestruturados. Em ambas as fases, as amostras de empresas foram do ramo da construção civil e detentoras do selo verde. Os dados coletados, tratados pela modelagem em equações estruturais, revelaram que a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos verde impacta na gestão de operações verdes, e que ambas, gestão da cadeia de suprimentos verde e a gestão de operações verdes influenciam o marketing verde, que por sua vez, impacta no desempenho organizacional. Diante deste resultado pode-se concluir que o marketing verde teve um papel importante para a integração da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e operações verdes, por consequência, atender ao desempenho organizacional.
The influence of energy input on the particle size of disintegrated excess sludge in the ultrasonic disintegration process
Authors: Skórkowski Łukasz , Zielewicz Ewa
Published: May 2018

The objective of this research was to examine the influence of energy input on the particle size distribution of disintegrated sludge. The change of particle size distribution indicates the deagglomeration of flocs and disruption of micro-colonies. As the digestibility of sludge increases with dispersion, particle size analysis is an important factor in evaluating the disintegration process. Four different levels of energy input were used in the research: 10–100 kWh·m−3. All samples showed significant changes as far as dispersion (kdCST = 22.98–74.67, kdFCOD = 3.23–18.46), lysis (kdSCOD = 4.22–12.09), acidification (kdVFAs = 1.78–12.61), nitrogen release (kdTN = 4.02–21.61) indicators were concerned. Results indicate the gradual decrease of measured particle size with increasing energy input. The energy supplied to the disintegration process primarily promotes deagglomeration and with the rise of energy input, the destruction of cells. For EV = 50 and 100 kWh·m−3 an increased occurrence of lysis effects and increase in particle fraction <99.9 μm was noted. The highest efficiency evaluated by increase of filtered chemical oxygen demand (FCOD) and soluble COD (SCOD) per unit of volumetric energy – ΔCOD and ΔSCOD (mgO2·Wh−1) was obtained for Ev = 10 WhL−1, which corresponds to the most significant change in particle size distribution. The volume of particles <99.9 μm rose from 1.92% for non-disintegrated sludge to 26.62% for volumetric energy 100 kWh·m−3.
SGLT-2 inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Lies Behind their Renoprotective Properties?
Authors: Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Divani Maria , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Mertens Peter R. , Liakopoulos Vassilios
Published: May 2018

Background:

Despite optimal management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD)
with intensive glycemic control and administration of agents blocking the renin-angiotensinaldosterone-
system, the residual risk for nephropathy progression to end-stage-renal-disease
(ESRD) remains high. Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT-2)-inhibitors represent
a newly-introduced anti-diabetic drug class with pleiotropic actions extending above their
glucose-lowering efficacy. Herein, we provide an overview of preclinical and clinical-trial
evidence supporting a protective effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on DKD.

Methods:

A systematic literature search of bibliographic databases was conducted to identify
preclinical studies and randomized trials evaluating the effects SGLT-2 inhibitors on
DKD.

Results:

Preclinical studies performed in animal models of DKD support the renoprotective
action of SGLT-2 inhibitors showing that these agents exert albuminuria-lowering effects
and reverse glomerulosclerosis. The renoprotective action of SGLT-2 inhibitors is strongly
supported by human studies showing that these agents prevent the progression of albuminuria
and retard nephropathy progression to ESRD. This beneficial effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors
is not fully explained by their glucose-lowering properties. Attenuation of glomerular hyperfiltration
and improvement in a number of surrogate risk factors, including associated reduction
in systemic blood pressure, body weight, and serum uric acid levels may represent plausible
mechanistic explanations for the cardio-renal protection offered by SGLT-2 inhibitors.
Furthermore, the tubular cell metabolism seems to be altered towards a ketone-prone pathway
with protective activities.

Conclusion:

SGLT-2 inhibition emerges as a novel therapeutic approach of diabetic with
anticipated benefits towards cardio-renal risk reduction. Additional research efforts are
clearly warranted to elucidate this favorable effect in patients with overt DKD.
Modified LDL Immune Complexes and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lopes-Virella Maria F. , Virella Gabriel
Published: May 2018

Modified forms of LDL, both spontaneously formed in the organism or prepared in the laboratory, are immunogenic. As a consequence, antigen-antibody complexes (immune complexes, IC) formed in vivo can be measured in the peripheral blood, and their levels are strong predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been possible to generate antibodies that recognize different LDL modifications, allowing the analysis of circulating IC constitution. Clinical studies showed that the antigenic constitution of the IC has a modulating effect on the development of CVD. Patients whose IC react strongly with antibodies to copper oxidized LDL (oxLDL) show progressive development of atherosclerosis as demonstrated by increased intima–media thickness and increased coronary calcification scores. In contrast, patients whose IC react strongly with antibodies to the heavily oxidized malondialdehyde LDL prepared in vitro (MDA-LDL) are at a high risk of acute vascular events, mainly myocardial infarction. In vitro studies have shown that while oxLDL IC induce both cell proliferation and mild to moderate macrophage apoptosis, MDA-LDL IC induce a more marked macrophage apoptosis but not cell proliferation. In addition, MDA-LDL IC induce the release of higher levels of matrix metalloproteinases and TNF than oxLDL IC. High levels of TNF are likely to be a major factor leading to apoptosis and high levels of metalloproteinases are likely to play a role in the thinning of the fibrous cap of the atheromatous plaque. The combination of apoptosis and fibrous cap thinning is a well-known characteristic of vulnerable plaques, which are more prone to rupture and responsible for the majority of acute cardiovascular events.
Process Intensification Techniques for the Production of Nano- and Submicronic Particles for Food and Medical Applications
Authors: Stoller Marco , Di Palma Luca , Vuppala Srikanth , Verdone Nicola , Vilardi Giorgio
Published: May 2018

Background:

Nowadays, nanoparticles are of great interest for the industry due to their numerous
possible applications in several fields. Research on this topic seeks to develop many procedures to produce nanoparticles,
mostly at lab scale, batch-wise and with low yield. These procedures generally do not suit industrial
needs of continuous, high capacity production. Moreover, the product characteristics require targeting narrow
particle size distributions and high quality, which is difficult to achieve by traditional equipment.

Methods:

Process intensification techniques aim to minimize plant size of continuous, high yield equipment
capable to produce specific sized, high quality nanoparticles, combined with an increase in energy efficiency,
safety and cost reduction.

Discussion:

This paper reviews some adopted Process Intensification (PI) techniques for nanoparticles synthesis
processes employed in the food and pharmaceutical sector.

Conclusion:

By reducing the technology transfer gap, nanotechnologies may become convenient and feasible,
allowing both industries to achieve the production of higher quality products with particular characteristics without
sensibly increasing additional costs. This will represent in the next future a strategic key feature of industries
in the global market.
Molecular Docking for Prediction and Interpretation of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Luo Heng , Fokoue-Nkoutche Achille , Singh Nalini , Yang Lun , Hu Jianying , Zhang Ping
Published: May 2018

Aim and Objective:

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) present a major burden for patients
and the healthcare industry. Various computational methods have been developed to predict ADRs
for drug molecules. However, many of these methods require experimental or surveillance data and
cannot be used when only structural information is available.

Materials and Methods:

We collected 1,231 small molecule drugs and 600 human proteins and
utilized molecular docking to generate binding features among them. We developed machine
learning models that use these docking features to make predictions for 1,533 ADRs.

Results:

These models obtain an overall area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
(AUROC) of 0.843 and an overall area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) of 0.395,
outperforming seven structural fingerprint-based prediction models. Using the method, we predicted
skin striae for fluticasone propionate, dermatitis acneiform for mometasone, and decreased libido for
irinotecan, as demonstrations. Furthermore, we analyzed the top binding proteins associated with
some of the ADRs, which can help to understand and/or generate hypotheses for underlying
mechanisms of ADRs.

Conclusion:

Machine learning combined with molecular docking can help to predict ADRs for drug
molecules and provide possible explanations for the ADR mechanisms.
Design, Synthesis and Investigation of New Diphenyl Substituted Pyridazinone Derivatives as Both Cholinesterase and Aβ-Aggregation Inhibitors
Authors: Kilic Burcu , Erdogan Merve , Gulcan Hayrettin O. , Aksakal Fatma , Oruklu Nihan , Bagriacik Emin U. , Dogruer Deniz S.
Published: May 2018

Background:

With respect to the increase in the average life expectancy, Alzheimer Disease (AD), the most common form of age-related dementia, has become a major threat to the population over the age of 65 during the past several decades. The majority of AD treatments are focused on cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses.

Objective:

In this study, three series of diphenyl-2-(2-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)pyridazin- 3(2H)-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit both cholinesterase enzymes and amyloid-β aggregation.

Method:

The inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds on AChE (from electric eel) and BChE (from equine serum) were determined by the modified Ellman’s method. The reported thioflavin T-based fluorometric assay was performed to investigate the effect of the selected compounds on the aggregation of Aβ1-42. The cytotoxic effect of the compounds (4g, 11g and 18g) was monitored in 3T3 cell lines to gain insight into therapeutic potential of the compounds by using MTT assay. The crystal structures of the AChE (1EVE) and BChE (1P0I) enzymes were retrieved from the RCSB Protein Data Bank and Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software was used for molecular docking of the ligands.

Results:

Among the tested compounds, 5,6-diphenyl derivative 18g was identified as the most potent and selective AChE inhibitor (IC50 = 1.75 µM, Selectivity Index for AChE > 22.857). 4,6- Diphenyl derivative 11g showed the highest and the most selectivity for BChE (IC50= 4.97 µM, SI for AChE < 0.124). Interestingly, 4,5-diphenyl derivative 4g presented dual cholinesterase inhibition (AChE IC50= 5.11 µM; BChE IC50= 14.16 µM, SI for AChE = 2.771).

Conclusion:

Based on biological activity results and low toxicity of the compounds, it can be said that diphenyl substituted pyridazinone core is a valuable scaffold. Especially, dual inhibitory potencies of 4,5-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one core for the cholinesterase enzymes and Aβ- aggregation makes this core a promising disease-modifying agent.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2,3-disubstituted Benzofuran Analogues of GABA as Neurotropic Agents
Authors: Coaviche-Yoval Arturo , Luna Héctor , Tovar-Miranda Ricardo , Soriano-Ursúa Marvin A. , Trujillo-Ferrara José G.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Benzofurans are heterocyclic compounds with neurotropic activity. Some
have been developed for the treatment of acute and degenerative neuronal injuries.

Objective:

The study aimed to evaluate the in silico binding of some promising benzofurans on the
GABA receptors, and the in vivo neurotropic activity of benzofuran analogues (BZF 6-10) of
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on a seizure model.

Methods: The ligands with the best physicochemical attributes were docked on two GABA receptors
(the alpha-1 subunit of GABAA-R and GBR1 subunit of GABAB-R). Selected benzofuran derivatives
were synthesized by a multistep procedure and characterized. To examine the neurotropic
effects, mice were pretreated with different concentrations of the compounds prior to PTZ- or 4-
AP-induced seizures. We assessed acute toxicity, motor behavior, and the effects on seizures.

Results:

The tested ligands that complied with Lipinski’s rule of five were tested in silico with
GABAA-R (ΔG = -5.51 to -5.84 kcal/mol) at the allosteric site for benzodiazepines. They bound to
a similar cluster of residues as the reference compound (gaboxadol, ΔG = -5.51 kcal/mol).
Synthesis was achieved with good overall yields (42-9.7%). Two compounds were selected for
biological tests (BZF-7 and rac-BZF-10) on a mouse model of seizures, induced by pentylenetetrazol
(PTZ) or 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). PTZ-induced seizures are associated with GABA receptors,
and those 4-AP-induced with the blockage of the delayed rectifier-type potassium channel,
which promotes the release of the NMDA-sensitive glutamatergic ionotropic receptor and other
neurotransmitters. The biological assays demonstrated that BZF-7 and rac-BZF-10 do not protect
against seizures. Indeed, BZF-7 increased the number of PTZ-induced seizures and decreased latency
time. The 4-AP model apparently showed a potentiation of seizure effects after administration
of the BZF-analogues, evidenced by the incidence and severity of the seizures and reduced
latency time.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that the test compounds are GABAergic antagonists with stimulatory
activity on the CNS.
Comparison between Pressure Recording Analytical Method and Fick Method to Measure Cardiac Output in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Pittarello Demetrio , Vida Vladimiro , Di Gregorio Guido , Falasco Gianclaudio , Stellin Giovanni , Ori Carlo
Published: May 2018

Background:

There is an increased interest in methods of objective cardiac output measurement in pediatric cardiac surgery. Several techniques are available, but have limitations, among the new technologies pressure recording analytical method with MostCare (MostCare-PRAM), a minimally invasive hemodynamic monitoring system, represents a novel arterial pulse contour method that does not require calibration. For this reason, we compared the MostCare-PRAM vs the Fick method for estimation of cardiac output.

Methods:

We studied prospectively 13 pediatric patients who underwent cardiac surgery and compared intraoperatively Cardiac Index (CI) measured with the MostCare-PRAM with the CI measured with the Fick method. We also measured Cardiac Cycle Efficiency (CCE) and maximal arterial pressure/time ratio (dp/dt max) and compared with Fick method.

Results:

The data showed good agreement between CI Fick and CI MostCare-PRAM (r = 0.93 and R2= 0.86; p < 0.0001) and also between CCE (r = 0.82 and R2 = 0.67; p < 0.001) and dp/dt (r = 0.84; R2 = 0.81; p < 0.001) with CI measured with Fick method.

Conclusion:

In pediatric patients submitted to cardiac surgery, the MostCare-PRAM seems to estimate CI with a good level of agreement with the Fick method measurements.
Using Project Based Learning (PBL) Design to Expand Mathematics Students’ Understanding: A Case Study in Statistics Problem
Authors: Hartono Sugi
Published: May 2018

This paper describes some activities that the author has designed using Project Based Learning (PBL) to develop students’ understanding of statistics. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest quantitative research design. The subjects in this study are 30 students of class VII in SMP Negeri 6, Surabaya, Indonesia. The data collected using a questionnaire and a test. The validity of students’ response used product-moment correlations and the reliability test used the Cronbach’s Alpha formula, and the hypothesis was tested using the t-test (one sample t-test). The results showed that the positive response of students using PBL design to expand mathematics students’ understanding of statistics, namely 85.83%. Furthermore, there was a difference in the students’ learning outcomes before and after they learned through the PBL learning design, indicated by pretest the mean of score is 38.30 and a posttest mean score is 67.17. Besides that, tobserved of pretest is 15.931 and tobserved of posttest is 34.655, both are greater than ttable with a significant level ?=0.05 is 2.042. Thus, we could be concludes that there as a difference the understanding of statistics students’ outcome before and after learning with PBL design.
México-La Habana-Madrid: Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez en el eje transatlántico de la guerra fría
Authors: Vindel Jaime
Published: May 2018

Este artículo analiza la actividad intelectual del filósofo hispano-mexicano Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez en el eje transatlántico de la cultura comunista de la guerra fría. A partir del trabajo con documentación inédita de archivo, se reconstruyen las discusiones que Sánchez Vázquez sostuvo como militante de la delegación del Partido Comunista de España en México, su ruptura con la política centralista de la organización, su giro estético-praxeológico en la concepción del marxismo, su presencia en los debates de intelectuales y artistas posteriores a la Revolución cubana y, finalmente, su influjo en la crítica de arte del Estado español, vinculada al comunismo antifranquista. De este modo, se amplía el foco sobre las repercusiones de su relectura de los Manuscritos económico-filosóficos de 1844, que intentaban alejarse por igual de la ortodoxia del diamat y del estructuralismo althusseriano.
Los sesgos cognitivos: de la psicología cognitiva a la perspectiva cognitiva de la organización y su relación con los procesos de toma de decisiones gerenciales
Authors: Barón Lorena , Zapata Rotundo Gerardo J.
Published: May 2018

La presente investigación, de naturaleza teórico-descriptiva, tiene como objetivo estudiar y analizar los sesgos cognitivos bajo la perspectiva de la toma de decisiones gerenciales. El tema se aborda a partir de una revisión bibliográfica de los principales postulados de la psicología cognitiva, comenzando con los aportes de March y Simon, quienes son reconocidos como los autores seminales de esta perspectiva teórica, y continuando con diferentes autores que la han estudiado y aplicado dentro del marco de las organizaciones, formando así la escuela cognitiva de la organización. En el transcurso del trabajo se desarrolla la relación entre los sesgos cognitivos y el proceso de percepción gerencial, para luego ofrecer un conjunto de contribuciones de la literatura que muestra aspectos vinculados con su medición, sus implicaciones y sus aplicaciones. Producto de esta revisión, se destaca, a modo de conclusión, el gran potencial que tienen los procesos y los sesgos cognitivos para entender y explicar el comportamiento de la gerencia y los líderes de la organización frente a situaciones de alta complejidad, que tienen efectos muy importantes en su desempeño.
Teoría de dependencia de recursos: premisas y aplicaciones
Authors: Rueda Sánchez Mónica , Zapata Rotundo Gerardo
Published: May 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación, de naturaleza teórica-descriptiva, tiene como objetivo ofrecer una revisión de la literatura sobre las premisas y las aplicaciones de la Teoría de Dependencia de Recursos (TDR). El análisis se realizó a partir de los trabajos seminales, incorporando posteriormente estudios recientes que utilizan esta teoría. Se presentan además algunas consideraciones sobre la relación de la TDR con otras teorías y se incluye una síntesis de algunos artículos científicos que evidencian la importancia de sus postulados teóricos en el campo organizacional. Los hallazgos del trabajo permiten afirmar que la TDR postula que las organizaciones requieren apoyo del entorno, debido a que no son autosuficientes para generar todos los recursos y servicios que necesitan, lo que las lleva a participar en intercambios y transacciones con otras organizaciones. La premisa básica es que las empresas están obligadas a establecer acuerdos y asociarse con el fin de sobrevivir, lo que –a su vez– les da acceso a poder y control. La investigación proporciona elementos que facilitan la comprensión de las decisiones de las organizaciones cuando establecen relaciones de intercambio.
Edição completa
Authors: Geographia Revista
Published: May 2018

Arquivo da Edição completa da revista Geographia.GEOgraphia, vol.20, n.42, 2018: jan./abr.
KAJIAN STRUKTURAL DAN NILAI MORAL DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN KOMPAS 2015 SERTA PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA DI SMP
Authors: Setiawati Eli
Published: May 2018

Artikel ini berjudul Kajian Struktural dan Nilai Moral dalam Kumpulan Cerpen Kompas 2015 serta Pemanfaatanya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia di SMP. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mendeskripsikan struktur intrinsik, (2) mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai moral, (3) mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan hasil kajian kumpulan cerpen Kompas 2015 sebagai bahan ajar apresiasi sastra dari kajian struktur dan nilai-nilai cerpen. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaan dan studi dokumentasi terhadap cerpen Kompas 2015. Langkah-langkah pengumpulan data adalah membaca kumpulan cerpen Kompas 2015 secara cermat, mencatat data yang sesuai, megidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasi data, dan membuat tabulasi data. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa kumpulan cerpen Kompas 2015 dibangun oleh dua unsur, yaitu fakta dan sarana cerita yang meliputi alur, karakter, latar, sudut pandang, gaya bahasa, dan tema dan unsur pembangun cerita yaitu nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam cerpen Kompas 2015 khususnya nilai moral.
Physical activity participation in Pacific adolescent girls with a physical disability
Authors: Dickson Caroline Pamela
Published: May 2018

Health and wellbeing is positively associated with participating in physical activity.  However, the little research available suggests that Pacific adolescents with a physical disability are participating in less physical activity in comparison to other groups. Providing an understanding of participation in physical activity for Pacific adolescent girls with a physical disability may, in turn, potentially improve their lifestyles. The purpose of this qualitative research study, which was part of a larger mixed method study, was to address this issue. To increase participation, and reduce sedentary behaviours, factors influencing both participation and how non-participation needed to be considered.

A qualitative approach was used to interview seven groups of Pacific adolescent girls (aged 13-24 years) with and without their mothers and 12 providers of services to Pacific girls with a physical disability.  An in depth understanding of the factors that inhibited or facilitated participation in physical activity for the Pacific girl who experiences a physical disability, was gained through the participants' stories.

The findings suggested that the girls wanted to participate in physical activity and clearly indicated the physical activities they preferred.  Participation was influenced by the interaction of a variety of gender, cultural, age-related (adolescence) and socio-economic factors, together with policy and structural limitations.  

To make a change, it is imperative this populace be given priority, while considering the multitude of factors which influence participation. The health and wellbeing of Pacific adolescents with a physical disability is dependent on addressing the factors identified, and a heathier lifestyle incorporating physical activity should be promoted.
Diagnóstico de propriedades em regime de economia familiar e da qualidade do leite no município de Gouveia-MG
Authors: Gomes Adriano De Carvalho , Lopes Marcos Aurélio , Teixeira Júnior Fernando Etiene Pinheiro , Vieira Juliana Aparecida , Pereira Alessandro Botelho
Published: May 2018

Objetivou-se realizar o diagnóstico de propriedades produtoras de leite, em regime de economia familiar, no que diz respeito aos aspectos relacionados à qualidade do leite. Foram realizadas entrevistas, em 11 propriedades produtoras de leite do município de Gouveia, MG, entre 04 a 30 de julho 2016. As informações foram coletadas a partir de um formulário semiestruturado com 97 perguntas. Realizou-se análises de Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) do leite de todas as propriedades visitadas (uma análise/propriedade), para verificar a sua qualidade microbiológica. Os resultados demonstram que, aproximadamente, 21% dos produtores estariam com valores de CBT nos limites iniciais impostos pela Instrução Normativa nº 62. Com respeito à CCS, 9,1% dos produtores estariam desqualificados, demonstrando que, na região estudada, a qualidade microbiológica, sendo considerado como o principal problema relacionado à qualidade do leite. Os principais pontos fortes observados foram: os produtores residem na propriedade, tem mais de seis anos de experiência na atividade leiteira, a propriedade possui energia elétrica e nascente de água, armazenam o leite na propriedade no tanque de expansão no máximo por dois dias e existe calendário sanitário. Quanto aos pontos fracos, foram: baixa escolaridade dos produtores, não procuram capacitação, não possuem estratégias para melhora na qualidade do leite e não é realizado tratamento de água. A bovinocultura de leite na região de Gouveia, MG, se caracteriza por apresentar deficiências significativas que comprometem a produtividade e a eficiência na obtenção de leite de qualidade, onde se constata, dentre outras, uma falta de profissionalização dos proprietários e insuficiente oferta de assistência técnica.
Rekomendasi Perbaikan Pernyataan Kebutuhan yang Rancu dalam Spesifikasi Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak Menggunakan Teknik Berbasis Aturan
Authors: Enda Depandi , Siahaan Daniel
Published: May 2018

Tahap awal dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak ialah menelusuri, mengumpulkan dan menyajikan segala kebutuhan pengguna ke dalam sebuah dokumen spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak (SKPL). Latar belakang akademik yang beragam, pengalaman yang berbeda, dan keterbatasan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh perekayasa kebutuhan memungkinkan adanya kesalahan dalam pembuatan dokumen SKPL. Salah satu kesalahan yang sering muncul pada sebuah dokumen SKPL ialah terdapatnya penggunaan kata-kata yang rancu. Hal ini tentunya dapat menyebabkan kesalahan penafsiran dan kesulitan dalam memahami kebutuhan perangkat lunak yang hendak dibangun bagi pemangku kepentingan dalam proses pengembangan perangkat lunak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengusulkan sebuah pendekatan untuk memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan pernyataan kebutuhan perangkat lunak yang rancu. Adapun metode yang diusulkan adalah teknik berbasis aturan dengan menggunakan model bahasa n-gram. Realibilitas metode usulan dievaluasi menggunakan indeks statistik Gwet’s AC1. Hasil analisis metode rekomendasi yang diusulkan memiliki tingkat proporsi kesepakatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode rekomendasi menggunakan teknik statistik berbasis frekuensi n-gram. Metode rekomendasi yang diusulkan memiliki nilai indeks statistik Gwet’s AC1 tertinggi sebesar 0.5263 dengan tingkat proporsi kesepakatan sedang.
Automatic Question Generation (AQG) Dari Dokumen Teks Bahasa Indonesia Berdasarkan Non-Factoid Quesion
Authors: Aminudin Aminudin , SN Azhari , Ahmad Baaras
Published: May 2018

Automatic Question Generation (AQG) adalah sistem yang dapat membangkitkan pertanyaan secara otomatis dari teks atau dokumen dengan menggunakan metode atau pola-pola tertentu. Diharapkan sistem AQG yang dikembangkan bekerja seperti halnya manusia membuat pertanyaan setelah diberikan suatu teks. Manusia dapat membuat pertanyaan, dikarenakan manusia dapat memahami teks yang diberikan dan berdasarkan pengetahuan-pengetahuan yang dimilikinya. Untuk mengembangkan sistem AQG penelitian ini, dilakukan kombinasi beberapa metode diantaranya algoritme Naive Bayes Classifier untuk mengklasifikasikan kalimat ke dalam jenis kalimat non-factoid. Chunking labelling untuk memberikan label pada masing-masing kalimat dari hasil klasifikasi dan pendekatan template untuk mencocokan hasil kalimat dengan template pertanyaan yang dibuat. Hasil pertanyaan yang dihasilkan oleh sistem akan diukur berdasarkan paramater yang telah ditentukan yang didasarkan atas pengukuran recall, precision dan F-Measure. Dengan adanya sistem AQG ini diharapkan dapat membantu guru mata pelajaran Biologi untuk membuat pertanyaan secara otomatis dan efektif serta efisien.
Risk Factors for Groin Injury and Groin Symptoms in Elite-Level Soccer Players: A Cohort Study in the Dutch Professional Leagues
Authors: Langhout Rob , Tak Igor , van Beijsterveldt Anne-Marie , Ricken Martijn , Weir Adam , Barendrecht Maarten , Kerkhoffs Gino , Stubbe Janine
Published: May 2018

Background

Groin injury and groin symptoms are common in soccer players. The relationship of groin injury and groin symptoms to reduced hip range of motion (ROM) and previous injury is unclear.

Objectives

To conduct a retrospective assessment of associations between previous injury and preseason hip ROM and preseason prevalence of severe groin symptoms, and to prospectively identify risk factors for within-season groin injury.

Methods

During the period of 2015 to 2016, 190 players from 9 Dutch professional soccer clubs participated in this cohort study with prospective and retrospective elements. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to predict preseason severe groin symptoms, identified using the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score, from a history of previous groin injury, general injury (minimum of 1 week in duration) in the previous season, and hip ROM. Cox regression was used to predict within-season groin injury.

Results

Point prevalence of severe groin symptoms was 24% and within-season incidence of groin injury was 11%. Total, training, and match groin injury incidences were 0.5, 0.2, and 2.6 injuries per 1000 playing hours, respectively. A history of more than 1 previous groin injury was associated with current severe groin symptoms (odds ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 8.3; P = .038). General injury sustained in the previous season (ankle, knee, thigh, shoulder; median, 9 weeks of time loss) was a risk factor for groin injury (hazard ratio = 5.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.8, 14.6; P = .003).

Conclusion

Severe injuries in the previous season to locations other than the groin increase the risk of groin injury the next season. A history of groin injury is associated with current severe groin symptoms. Preseason hip ROM does not identify players at risk for groin injury.

Level of Evidence

Prevention, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(9):704–712. Epub 23 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7990
Relación entre género y conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas respecto al uso del condón en adolescentes escolarizados, Suba (Bogotá), 2016
Authors: González Quiñones Juan Carlos , Morales Durán Daniela Katherin , Murcia García Juan José , Muñoz Bejarano Natalia , Ospina Guzmán Daniela , Nossa Chacin Laura Catalina
Published: May 2018

Objetivo: Identificar si hay diferencias de conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes en torno al uso del condón entre hombres y mujeres adolescentes que asisten a un colegio público.Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 342 estudiantes que cursaban los grados noveno, décimo y once en un colegio distrital en la localidad de Suba (Bogotá). Se aplicó una encuesta anónima y voluntaria que indagó por características sociodemográficas, conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes en torno al uso del condón. Se realizó un debate basado en dos videos para conocer la postura de los estudiantes frente al uso del preservativo.Resultados: El 35,4 % ya inició su vida sexual con un promedio de edad de 14 años. Los hombres utilizaron más el condón en su última relación sexual (OR 3,5; IC 95% 1,61-7,5).Conclusiones: No se encontraron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en cuanto a conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes en torno al uso del condón, excepto en la última relación sexual y, en el número de parejas. Se demostró que tanto hombres como mujeres tienen falencias de información sobre protección en la sexualidad lo que conlleva a aumentar el riesgo de embarazos no deseados y de contraer alguna enfermedad de transmisión sexual.
Wpływ studentyfikacji i turystyfikacji na społeczno-kulturową przestrzeń miasta
Authors: Kubicki Paweł
Published: May 2018

Artykuł analizuje zjawiska studentyfikacji i turystyfikacji oraz ich wpływ na społeczno- kulturową przestrzeń miasta. Wnioski dotyczą głównie Krakowa, ale mogą być użyteczne także dla większości dużych polskich miast. Kraków jest dobrym studium przypadku z uwagi na trzy cechy. Po pierwsze, jest największym po stolicy ośrodkiem akademickim; po drugie ,wyrósł na jedno z najważniejszych w świecie centrów sektora BPO (Business Process Outsourcing), co przekłada się na duży popyt na mieszkania na wynajem; po trzecie, przyciąga rocznie miliony turystów. Artykuł wykazuje, że im bardziej postępuje studentyfikacja i turystyfikacja, tym słabsza staje się tożsamość miasta, a kapitał społeczny ulega erozji. Radykalnie obniża się jakość życia, więc coraz częściej mieszkańcy decydują się na wyprowadzkę z miast, przyczyniając się do depopulacji i obumierania centrów.
Wokół podziałów administracyjnych Wrocławia i dyskusji nad reformą rad osiedlowych
Authors: Czapiewski Edward , Nowakowski Rafał
Published: May 2018

Do 1991 r. Wrocław podzielony był administracyjnie na pięć dzielnic. Wraz z odbudową instytucji samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce po 1989 r., nowe władze samorządowe miasta w miejsce dzielnic wprowadziły podział na jednostki pomocnicze w formie osiedli z wybieralnymi radami. Niestety nie wyposażono ich w odpowiednie zadania i kompetencje, w tym finanse, mimo podejmowanych na ten temat dyskusji i prób reformy wewnętrznego ustroju miasta. Niska frekwencja wyborcza w wyborach do rad osiedli świadczy o słabości tych rad i potrzebie zmiany ich pozycji oraz rangi przez Radę Miejską Wrocławia. Jest to warunek skutecznego i dobrego zarządzania sprawami lokalnymi w mikroskali, tj. na terenie osiedla.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA-FISIKA MELALUI PERMAINAN MONOPOLI BAGI SISWA KELAS VIII A SMP NEGERI 2 GAJAH DEMAK SEMESTER GENAP TAHUN PELAJARAN 2008/2009
Authors: Riyanti Riyanti , Kurniawan Wawan Kurniawan
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPAFisika.Manfaat dari penelitian ini secara umum adalah untukmendapatkan teori baru tentang peningkatan hasil belajar IPAFisikamelalui permainan ?óÔé¼?ômonopoli?óÔé¼?Ø serta sebagai dasarpenelitian selanjutnya. Manfaat praktis bagi siswa untukmeningkatkan hasil belajarnya, meningkatkan rasa senang danmotivasi belajar IPA-Fisika. Bagi guru bermanfaat untukmendorong kreativitas dan inovasi dalam mendesainpembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakanmetode penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus.Langkah-langkah dalam setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan(Planning), pelaksanaan tindakan (Acting), pengamatan(Observing) dan refleksi (Reflecting) oleh guru dalam bentukkartu. Hasil pekerjaan siswa didiskusikan dalam kelompok dantidak dipresentasikan. Pada siklus II juga demikian. Setelah siswabekerja secara individu hasilnya didiskusikan pada kelompokbesar. Perwakilan dari kelompok besar mempresentasikanhasilnya ke depan kelas dan ditanggapi oleh kelompok lain. Hasilbelajar selama 3 kali ulangan harian sebelum diberi tindakan nilaitertinggi yang dicapai oleh siswa sebesar 79, nilai terendahnya 37dan rata-rata nilainya 49. jumlah siswa yang aktif kurang lebih 13anak dari 20 anak atau 65 %. Pada siklus I hasil belajar siswameningkat yaitu nilai tertinggi 87, nilai terendah 33, dan rata-ratanilai sebesar 63. Rata-rata 93,33 %. Hasil belajar siswa padasiklus II nilai tertinggi 90, nilai terendah 40, dan rata-rata nilaisebesar 67, rata-rata peran aktif siswa 98 %.
MEMADUKAN LABORATORIUM NYATA DAN MAYA DENGAN PENUGASAN SISWA BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA PADA PEMBELAJARAN GETARAN DAN GELOMBANG
Authors: Ponimin Ponimin
Published: May 2018

Permasalahan penelitian ada dua yaitu ;1) Apakah pembelajarandengan memadukan laboratorium riil dan virtuil disertaipenugasan siswa berbasis multimedia pada pembelajarangetaran dan gelombang dapat meningkatkan motivasi, keaktifandan kreatifitas siswa? 2) Apakah pembelajaran denganmemadukan laboratorium riil dan virtuil disertai penugasan siswaberbasis multimedia pada pembelajaran getaran dan gelombangdapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa?.Tujuan penelitian adadua yaitu ;1) Meningkatkan motivasi, keaktifan dan kreatifitassiswa melalui pembelajaran dengan memadukan laboratorium riildan virtuil disertai penugasan siswa berbasis multimedia padapembelajaran getaran dan gelombang. 2) Meningkatkan prestasibelajar siswa melalui pembelajaran dengan memadukanlaboratorium riil dan virtuil disertai penugasan siswa berbasismultimedia pada pembelajaran getaran dan gelombang. Dariberbagai data dan analisa data dapat penulis simpulkan bahwamemadukan laboratorium riil dan virtuil disertai penugasan siswaberbasis multimedia pada pembelajaran getaran dan gelombangdapat menyenangkan siswa, menarik minat atau memotivasisiswa, menjadikan pelajaran mudah dipahami siswa, sangatmeningkatkan kreatifitas siswa, meningkatkan prestasi belajarsiswa.
Cloud Automatic Detection in High-resolution Satellite Images Based on Morphological Features
Authors: Liu Xiang , Shen Junping , Ding Hao
Published: May 2018

Cloud cover is one of the main factors affecting the quality of remote sensing images, and cloud detection is the first problem to be solved in remote sensing data production. Therefore, cloud judgment becomes one of the primary tasks and key technologies of remote sensing image processing. The main detection objects include thin cloud, thick cloud and cloud shadow. The main interference factors include snow, gobi, desert, reflective buildings and other highlights. Firstly, the high reflectance characteristics of clouds are used to analyze the distribution of near-infrared and red bands in multispectral remote sensing images to realize preliminary cloud detection. And then using the detected suspected cloud region, different morphological features to distinguish between the cloud and other highlight features, achieved higher accuracy of cloud detection in high resolution satellite images.