bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation agriculture: A farm level practice in Bangladesh
Authors: Poddar Prodip Kumar , Uddin Mohammed Nasir , Dev Debashish Sarker
Published: August 2017

Conservation agriculture (CA) is one of the alternative practices of agricultural development in Bangladesh. In the present study is investigated to determine the extent of practice of conservation agriculture by the farmers and to explore the factors related to practice of conservation agriculture. Eighty (80) farmers of four villages of Gurudaspur upazila of Natore district, Bangladesh were interviewed. Maximum farmers belonged to medium practice of conservation agriculture while very few of them had low or high practice. Zero tillage found to be the most practiced conservation technique. Out of nine independent variables, only level of education, extension media contact and organizational participation of the farmers had showed positive significant relationship with conservation agriculture practice. Extension media contact and organizational participation influence the extent of CA practices at farmers’ field as confirmed by the backward linear regression model. Growing more weeds in case of zero and/or minimum tillage and lack of available information about conservation agriculture at block level were the major problems hindering conservation agriculture practice. To popularize the CA practices, Government should organize more training and demonstration activities on CA involving block level extension workers as well as farmers plus strengthening research-extension-farmers linkage.
Short durartion cowpea varieties for cultivation as a niche crop in various cropping systems for enhanced pulse production
Authors: Singh Y. V. , Singh B. B. , Massey Preeti , Singh P. K.
Published: August 2017

Agriculture must become nutrition-smart. Food security without nutrition security is not enough. Our basic food systems have to be optimized to provide the greatest amount of nutrients per square meter per unit time, especially in the face of climate change. Majority of the Indian people are vegetarian and they depend primarily upon grain legumes for dietary protein. Unfortunately the production of grain legumes in India has remained stagnant since 1950 causing declining per capita availability and widespread malnutrition. This is because most of the good lands have gone to the green revolution led ‘wheat-rice’ and ‘rice-rice’ cropping systems and food legumes have been pushed to marginal lands. Also, the traditional food legume varieties are late in maturity with low yield potential. This has led to inadequate protein and minerals in the diets of rural and urban masses on one hand and imbalanced soil fertility due to cereal-cereal rotation on the other hand. Therefore, increased cultivation of pulses is urgently needed. How can this be achieved with the limited land is one of the major challenges of agricultural research. The only answer is to breed and cultivate short duration food legumes in the existing niches between cereal-cereal systems. Wheat is harvested in March–April and rice is transplanted in July leaving about 80-90 days gap in which a short duration food legume can be grown. A number of photo-insensitive and heat tolerant ‘60-day cowpea’ varieties have been recently developed by Pantnagar University which were tested under farmer participatory on-farm trials and All India Multi-location Coordinated Trials with the support from Harvest Plus Project of CGIAR. These varieties can be grown as a niche crop in the wheat-rice cropping system of northern India which has a potential area of over 10 million ha. and also fit well in rice fellows in southern India.
Nutrient uptake and yield of Kharif green gram as influenced by levels of sulphur, phosphorus and PSB inoculation
Authors: Patel H. F. , Maheriya V. D. , Attar S. K. , Patel H. R.
Published: August 2017

An experiment was conducted to study the response of kharif green gram [(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)] to various levels of sulphur, phosphorus and PSB inoculation. Sulphur and phosphorus were applied at three levels (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha), with and without phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) inoculation and the experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with four replications. Results reveal that of higher doses phosphorus (40 kg/ha) recorded significantly maximum number of branches/plant (4.48), plant height at harvest (46.57 cm), plant spread (34.15), number of nodules/plant (16.66), stover yield/ha (2197.55 kg) while 40 kg/ha sulphur application recorded highest dry matter/plant (9.27 g), number of pods/plant (18.00), length of pod (7.30 cm), seed yield/ha (1486.08 kg). Nutrient uptake is also discussed where higher doses of P, S and PSB inoculation significantly affected the uptake of nutrients by seed and stover over control.
A Parent-Mediated, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group Treatment for Young Children With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder and Comorbid Anxiety: Development and Case Illustration of the Fun With Feelings Program
Authors: Cook Julia M. , Donovan Caroline L. , Garnett Michelle S.
Published: August 2017

Comorbid anxiety is increasingly being recognized as a significant concern in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD; Selles & Storch, 2013). Given the significant short and long term impact of anxiety on the functioning of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; e.g., Bellini, 2004; Ben-Sasson et al., 2008), it is imperative that children with HFASD and comorbid anxiety receive intervention as early as is possible. Despite this need, there is a currently a dearth of research examining anxiety management programs for young children with HFASD. This article describes the development of a parent-mediated, cognitive behavioral therapy, group program for anxiety in 4- to 6-year-old children with HFASD. It provides a detailed discussion of the strategies taught to parents and children and highlights some of the challenges involved. A case study is also presented to illustrate progression and outcomes brought about through the program.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Calcaneo-Stop Procedure in the Treatment of Flexible Flatfoot in Children: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Costa Francisca Pinho , Costa Gilberto , Carvalho Manuel Santos , Moura António Mendes , Pinto Rui , Torres João
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Flexible flatfoot is common amongst children, although treatment is rarely indicated. The calcaneo-stop procedure has been reported to be effective in short-term studies. We aim to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the calcaneo-stop procedure in the treatment of flexible flatfoot in children.Material and Methods: Twenty-six calcaneo-stop procedures performed between 1995 and 2006 on 13 patients were evaluated clinically and using photopodoscopy, and the FAOS questionnaire was applied for both feet.Results: Of the 26 feet evaluated, 22 presented with heel valgus, 13 had forefoot supination and 11 had abnormal footprints. Median FAOS questionnaire score was 97.22 for ‘Pain’, 92.86 for ‘Other symptoms’, 98.53 for ‘Function in daily living’, 100 for ‘Function in sports and recreation’ and 93.75 for ‘Foot and ankle-related quality of life’.Discussion: The calcaneo-stop procedure is the least invasive and most simple surgical treatment for symptomatic flexible flatfoot in children. Short-term studies report excellent clinical and radiographic results. The authors report alterations in clinical parameters in a large proportion of patients. These findings can be due to biomechanical alterations in the years following removal of the screw. Patient foot and ankle-related satisfaction data is promising, although hard to evaluate given the absence of preoperative data.Conclusion: Larger, prospective, controlled studies are required to better evaluate the long-term success of this procedure.
Epidemiologia do Uso de Internet numa População Adolescente e Sua Relação com Hábitos de Sono
Authors: Ferreira Carla , Ferreira Helena , Vieira Maria João , Costeira Mónica , Branco Liliana , Dias Ângela , Macedo Liliana
Published: August 2017

Introdução: A grande evolução tecnológica das últimas décadas tornou a Internet cada vez mais popular, sendo crescente a preocupação com a sua utilização excessiva. Foram objetivos do presente trabalho aferir e caracterizar o uso de Internet na adolescência, determinar a dependência de Internet e estabelecer a sua associação com alterações do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva.Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de base comunitária, observacional e transversal dirigido a adolescentes a frequentar o sétimo e oitavo ano de escolaridade. Recorreu-se a um questionário de autopreenchimento online, para aferir características sociodemográficas, uso e dependência de Internet, características do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva.Resultados: Foram incluídos 727 adolescentes com idade média de 13 ± 0,9 anos. Três quartos dos adolescentes usa a Internet diariamente e 41% fá-lo durante três ou mais horas/dia, maioritariamente em casa. O telemóvel e o computador portátil são os principais dispositivos utilizados. Os jogos online e o uso das redes sociais são das principais atividades realizadas. A dependência de Internet foi observada em 19% dos adolescentes, associando-se ao género masculino, à utilização de redes sociais, o Twitter e Instagram, à autopercepção de problemas de sono, insónia inicial e intermédia e sonolência diurna excessiva (p < 0,05).Discussão: Os resultados reiteram o destaque que a Internet tem na rotina dos adolescentes, que priorizam o seu uso no acesso a redes sociais e jogos online, fazendo-o com dispositivos de uso individual, menos passíveis de controlo parental.Conclusão: A dependência de Internet verificada e associação com alterações do sono e sonolência diurna excessiva enfatiza a relevância desta problemática.
Extensive Atypical HSV-2 Ulceration of the Finger
Authors: Cunha Nélia , Simões Pedro , Serrão Vasco
Published: August 2017

N/A.
PREGAÇÃO E PROMESSA: A PRÉDICA ESCATOLÓGICA DA LIBERTAÇÃO, DA PROSPERIDADE E DA CULTURA POP
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a homilética e a pregação cristã como voz de promessa em um contexto paradoxal como o contexto brasi­leiro e latino-americano. Para tanto, refletir-se-á sobre três tipos característicos de relação entre pregação e promessa: a prédica escatológica transcendentalista que deposita a promessa para o além ou o fim dos tempos; a prédica humanista e de libertação que coloca a promessa na dimensão da luta sócio-política de trans­formação no presente; a prédica individualista e de prosperidade que projeta a promessa como realização material e satisfação hedonista. Por fim, diante desta realidade, busca-se por caminhos na literatura (Las dos Palabras, de Isabel Allende) e cultura pop (Filme Central do Brasil, de Walter Salles) que auxiliem a pensar uma prédica que anuncie a promessa em meio aos paradoxos da vida de forma a contribuir não só para satisfação individual, eclesial ou ideológica, mas que aponte para transformações humanas e culturais.ABSTRACT: This paper aims to reflect on homiletics and Christian preaching as a voice of promise in a paradoxical context such as the Brazilian and Latin Ameri­can context. Initially it will reflect upon three characteristic types of relationships between preaching and promise: the eschatological and transcendentalist preaching that deposits the promise to the after life or in the end of time; the humanistic and liberating preaching that puts the promise in the dimension of the transformation of the socio-political struggle in the present; the individualistic and prosperity preaching which projects promise as material achievement and hedonistic satis­faction. Finally, faced with this reality, we seek for ways in the literature (Las dos Palabras, of Isabel Allende) and in the popular culture (Movie Central do Brasil, of Walter Salles) to assist in thinking a sermon that announces the promise amid the paradoxes of life in order to contribute not only to individual, ecclesial or ideological satisfaction, but which points to human and cultural transformations.
AS CARTAS CATÓLICAS NO CÂNON DO NOVO TESTAMENTO
Authors: Gonzaga Waldecir
Published: August 2017

RESUMO: Nossa intenção, neste artigo, é oferecer um estudo acerca deste conjunto das cartas do Novo Testamento intituladas Cartas Católicas, que desde a antiguidade têm enfrentado não poucos ou indiferentes problemas, seja na aceitação seja no estudo de seu corpus, como o grupo de cartas do Novo Testamento menos estudado ou explorado, mesmo em nossos seminários, faculdades e universidades religiosas em geral, sejam eles católicos ou protestantes; também cremos não ser exagero afirmar que os trabalhos neste campo são mais comuns em meios católicos que em meios protestantes, visto as dificuldades que alguns Pais da Reforma levantaram no que tange à canonicidade de algumas destas cartas e ao fato de que no meio protestante o domínio maior realmente é dos textos paulinos e não dos textos não paulinos do Novo Testamento, como Evangelhos, Cartas Católicas, Hebreus e Apo­calipse. Visto a escassez de material nesta área, cremos que um artigo ilustrativo venha nos ajudar a avançar um pouco mais neste campo e produção de material na área, a fim de ajudar a avançar em nossos estudos acadêmicos bíblico-teológicos.ABSTRACT: Our intention in this article is to provide a study into this set of letters of the New Testament titled Catholic Letters, which, since the ancient times, has faced considerable issues in the acceptance and in the study of its corpus, and which constitute the group of letters of the New Testament that are the least studied or explored, even in our seminaries, colleges and religious universities in general, either Catholic or Protestant; we also believe that it would not be an exaggeration to say that the researches in this field are more common in the Catholic circles than in the Protestant ones, given the difficulties that the Fathers of the Reformation raised regarding the canonicity of some of these letters and the fact that, in the Protestant circles, the domain really belongs to the Pauline texts and not to the non-Pauline texts of the New Testament, such as Gospels, Catholic Letters, Hebrews and Revelation. Given the scarcity of documentation in this area, we believe that an illustrative article will help us go further in this field and extend the production of material in this area, in order to help advance our biblical and theological studies.
Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) and a collection of Slavic manuscripts in the library of St. Paul in Mount Athos monastery
Authors: Kashcheev A. A.
Published: August 2017

The article is devoted to bibliologic researches of the collection of Slavic manuscripts from the library of the Greek monastery of St. Paul in Mount Athos by Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin). It tells about the history of the library of the Greek monastery of St. Paul. Through the study of various unpublished and published sources we were able to reestablish one of the moments of the history of the Serbian-Slavic manuscripts in this library, first presented in this article. A published source is a scientific work by Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) «Slavic-Serbian stocks in Mount Athos, in the monasteries Hilandar and St. Paul». Particular attention is paid to such a valuable source as Archimandrite correspondence with the inhabitants of Mount Athos monasteries, in particular, Hieromonk Macarius (Sushkin), librarian Azary (Poptsov), V. A. Dashkov - a director of Moscow Public Museum. The monastery library was visited by famous personalities in the history of book culture such as Archimandrite Porfiry (Uspensky), Archimandrite Antonin (Kapustin), archaeographer and Slavicist V. I. Grigorovich, English traveler and writer Robert Curzon. The article objective is to establish the role of Archimandrite Leonid (Kavelin) in saving Slavic manuscripts of St. Paul's monastery library through their acquisition of Rumyantsev Public Museum in Moscow. Unfortunately, due to a number of circumstances, the manuscripts were not acquired, and were burned at the beginning of the XX century.
V. K. Semenchenko's book collection in stocks of the Central Scientific Library of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Mudrova N. A.
Published: August 2017

Preserving the historical-cultural heritage is an actual problem of fundamental scientific research. A special place in this heritage is the book culture including libraries - state, public, private, personal ones. Book collections of scientists refer to the special section of libraries. A holistic view of the outstanding researcher book collections allows complementing and enriching ideas about the researcher creative laboratory, as well as providing additional materials on the history of science, book culture and, even widly, the history of Russia. The article is devoted to the collection of books from the library of a Russian physicist-chemist, Professor of the Physical Faculty of Moscow State University, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, V. K. Semenchenko, who is a major specialist in chemistry of thermodynamics, theory of electrolyte solutions, surface tension. This study is research continuation carried on in the Central Scientific Library of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CSL UB RAS) to investigate scientific and cultural heritage of the Urals and Russi. The research methodological basis is modern concepts of the history of book business in a broad socio-cultural perspective using the following techniques: bibliographic, functional, analytical-thematic, paleographic, systematic, bio-bibliographic and others. The small collection of V. K. Semenchenko’s books (100 units) entered the collection of CSL UB RAS in 1993 under the mediation of Academician Vladimir Pavlovich Skripov, Director of the Institute of Thermophysics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who was a former student and postgraduate of V. K. Semenchenko. The composition of the book collection is represented in the chart. There are many works of famous scholars, Rus- sian and Soviet classics of science of the XX century (books included in Digital Library «Russian Scientific Heritage») in V. K. Semenchenko’s collection. 42 volumes of the library have autographs of their owner V. K. Semenchenko. The books have inscriptions of authors, friends and relatives addressed to V. K. Semenchenko. The book collection uniqueness is evident due to book «Theory of atom» by of V. K. Semenchenko presented to the library by the researcher’s daughter. The book page-proofs (layout) were done in 1941. This book remained in a single copy. Many books and authors of V. K. Semenchenko’s books collection are of interest in terms of studying the history of the world science development. Thus, studying the book collection of a physicists contributes to investigating the acquisition history and stocks composition of CSL UB RAS, book culture, Russian and world science, and, in general, into the country historical and cultural heritage preservation.
Netflix: An In-Depth Study of their Proactive & Adaptive Strategies to Drive Growth and Deal with Issues of Net-Neutrality & Digital Equity
Authors: Mandal Gautam Kumar , Diroma Fabio , Jain Rekha
Published: August 2017

Netflix has been on the rise since its beginning in 1997, when one sees it from a distant perspective. However, a close analysis of its unique strategies shows that the company faced several small and big challenges in its growth journey, some of which, had the potential to throw the company away permanently from the market itself. Nevertheless, it responded tactically to all such issues, many of them being dealt in preventive and pro-active manner; while other cases being dealt with quick reactions, essentially faster than any other competitors. This report is a study of many such issues that the company faced, since its beginning till recently, when it almost conquered the whole world, after establishing its feet in China as well, in collaboration with the service provider Baidu. The report also entails some unique strategies that the company followed while continuously and marginally changing its business model, which would seldom be possible in a brick-mortar economy. As such, the company made use of its deeper understanding of how markets react in an internet economy. Effort has been made to throw some light on the way the company has dealt the issues of digital discrimination allegations against it, and also its stance on net neutrality. Finally, some of the challenges and opportunities that the company has encountered recently, including the lawsuits has been touched upon, presenting the company’s as well as outsider media’s view on those, and has been concluded with potential problems and future aspects
Manufacturing "Otherness". Ethnographic notes from the football field
Authors: Đorđević Ivan
Published: August 2017

This paper deals with the ethnography of football games, with a special focus on how field research intertwines with the discursively constructed image of football culture as a mechanism for the production of otherness. The ethnographic material which will be discussed was gathered in 2012 during the qualifications for the Football World Cup held in Brazil in 2014. The game in question is a match between Serbia and Croatia held in March 2013 in Zagreb. Through the discussion of the gathered ethnographic material, field reflexions and material from the media, I will attempt to shed light on the ways in which one football game can serve to homogenize as well as question identity, especially ways in which these identities are constructed through the media. The analysis of ethnographic material will serve to point out the specificity of researching a fairly visible and popular, highly mediatised phenomenon such as football, in which discourses created by the media are intertwined with the real "state of affairs in the field".
Solute Transport Properties of Fen Peat Differing in Organic Matter Content
Authors: Liu Haojie , Forsmann Ditte M. , Kjærgaard Charlotte , Saki Hermin , Lennartz Bernd
Published: August 2017

There is a limited understanding of solute transport properties of degraded peat soils as compared to mineral substrates. A lower organic matter (OM) content is often the result of peat degradation and mineralization following artificial drainage. In this study, we aimed at deducing changes in solute transport properties of peat soils differing in OM content. Miscible displacement experiments were conducted on 70 undisturbed soil columns with OM contents ranging from 11 to 86% w/w under saturated steady‐state conditions using tritium and bromide as conservative tracers. Measured breakthrough curves (BTCs) were subjected to model analysis using three different approaches: single‐porosity model (SPM), mobile–immobile model (MIM), and two‐flow region model (TFRM). The results indicated that (i) nonequilibrium solute transport processes are common in peat soils; (ii) the TFRM improved predictions of BTCs with heavy tailing or two peaks; (iii) applied tracers, tritium and bromide, were retarded in peat soils with higher OM content; and (iv) pronounced preferential flow mainly occurred in peat soils with lower OM content. This type of strong preferential flow had a small ratio of measured to fitted pore water velocity and a greater ratio of velocities (vA/vB > 3.0) in the fast and slow transport region as obtained from the TFRM. We conclude that shallow groundwater resources are more likely to become polluted in drained and degraded fen peats that are used for agricultural purposes.

Core Ideas

Solute transport properties of peat at various stages of degradation were investigated.

The two flow region model improved predictions of breakthrough curves with two peaks.

Applied solutes were retarded in peat soils with higher organic matter content.

Pronounced preferential flow mainly occurred in highly degraded peat soils.
Biogas Digester Hydraulic Retention Time Affects Oxygen Consumption Patterns and Greenhouse Gas Emissions after Application of Digestate to Soil
Authors: Van Nguyen Quan , Jensen Lars Stoumann , Bol Roland , Wu Di , Triolo Jin Mi , Vazifehkhoran Ali Heidarzadeh , Bruun Sander
Published: August 2017

Knowledge about environmental impacts associated with the application of anaerobic digestion residue to agricultural land is of interest owing to the rapid proliferation of biogas plants worldwide. However, virtually no information exists concerning how soil‐emitted N2O is affected by the feedstock hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the biogas digester. Here, the O2 planar optode technique was used to visualize soil O2 dynamics following the surface application of digestates of the codigestion of pig slurry and agro‐industrial waste. We also used N2O isotopomer analysis of soil‐emitted N2O to determine the N2O production pathways, i.e., nitrification or denitrification. Two‐dimensional images of soil O2 indicated that anoxic and hypoxic conditions developed at 2.0‐ and 1.5‐cm soil depth for soil amended with the digestate produced with 15‐d (PO15) and 30‐d (PO30) retention time, respectively. Total N2O emissions were significantly lower for PO15 than PO30 due to the greater expansion of the anoxic zone, which enhanced N2O reduction via complete denitrification. However, cumulative CO2 emissions were not significantly different between PO15 and PO30 for the entire incubation period. During incubation, N2O emissions came from both nitrification and denitrification in amended soils. Increasing the HRT of the biogas digester appears to induce significant N2O emissions, but it is unlikely to affect the N2O production pathways after application to soil.

Core Ideas

O2 planar optode images system and N2O isotopomer analysis were deployed.

O2 consumption was greater for digestate with a hydraulic retention time of 15 d than 30 d.

N2O production was smaller for digestate with a 15‐d hydraulic retention time.

Lower N2O emission for 15‐d retention time digestate was due to higher complete denitrification.
Photosensitized Degradation of Amitriptyline and Its Active Metabolite Nortriptyline in Aqueous Fulvic Acid Solution
Authors: Chen Yong , Liang Jianfeng , Liu Lu , Lu Xiye , Deng Jianwu , Pozdnyakov Ivan P. , Zuo Yuegang
Published: August 2017

Amitriptyline is a frequently prescribed tricyclic antidepressant. Although amitriptyline and its active metabolite, nortriptyline, have been widely detected in natural waters, their environmental fate due to photodegradation is poorly understood. Here we describe a study conducted to investigate the photodegradation of amitriptyline and its active metabolite under simulated sunlight. Neither amitriptyline nor nortriptyline underwent direct photodegradation, but rapid photosensitized degradation did occur in fulvic acid (FA) solutions. The photodegradation of amitriptyline and nortriptyline followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with rate constants 0.24 and 0.16 h−1, respectively, at pH 8.0 in air‐saturated FA solutions. The photodegradation of the substrates increased markedly with pH. The deprotonation of amitriptyline and nortriptyline facilitated the availability of nonbonding electrons on nitrogen (N‐electrons). The excited triplet state of FA (3FA*) was verified as the main reactive species responsible for the photosensitized degradation. An electron transfer mechanism for the interaction between substrates and 3FA* was proposed on the basis of a series of quenching experiments, kinetic model and photoproducts determination. Demethylation at the α‐carbon of amine and hydroxylation were two primary photochemical processes initiated by the electron transfer reaction in the air‐saturated FA solution; these were followed by generation of demethyl amine and mono‐hydroxylation isomers. Our results suggest that indirect photodegradation is an important elimination process for amitriptyline and its active metabolite in natural waters.

Core Ideas

Amitriptyline underwent more rapid photosensitized degradation than nortriptyline.

3FA* is mainly responsible for the photosensitized degradation.

An electron transfer reaction between substrates and 3FA* occurred.

The photosensitization involved demethylation and hydroxylation processes.
In‐Field Variability of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test and Loss‐on‐Ignition Results for Nitrogen Management
Authors: Maresma Angel , Ketterings Quirine M.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas:

Spatial and seasonal variability in the Illinois soil N test (ISNT)‐N and loss‐on‐ignition (LOI) at 500°C can impact N recommendations.

Loss‐on‐ignition determination at 500°C and 360°C are highly correlated.

Loss‐on‐ignition and ISNT‐N show strong spatial structure among soils.

Soil nitrate sampling is less practical because of its large spatial variability.

Intensification of current sampling protocols is needed for LOI and ISNT‐N.

The Illinois soil N test (ISNT) with loss‐on‐ignition at 500°C (LOI500) adjustment can identify fields with low versus high soil N supply potential in New York. However, spatial and seasonal variability in ISNT‐N and LOI500 can influence soil N supply classifications. We aimed to determine (i) the influence of sample density on the ratio of ISNT‐N to the critical value for interpretations of ISNT results (ISNT‐NCritical), and N supply classification, (ii) the implications of change in spatial and temporal variability on ISNT‐N interpretations, (iii) the probability of obtaining accurate interpretations as impacted by sampling intensity, and (iv) the influence of using LOI500 equivalents [derived from loss‐on‐ignition at 360°C (LOI360)] on ISNT‐N interpretations. Two 4‐ha silage corn (Zea mays L.) fields were sampled (150 samples per field, 0–20 cm depth; 64 in regular 25 by 25 or 23 by 27 m grids, the remainder in a pattern optimizing lag distance distribution) in July and November. Semivariograms were constructed to investigate spatial dependence. Soil nitrate showed the weakest spatial dependence. Increasing sampling intensity to 3.75 samples ha‐1 reduced the confidence interval for ISNT‐N/ISNT‐NCritical while augmenting the probability (>95%) of obtaining estimates within the true field mean (±6.4%), resulting in consistent classifications. The LOI500 and LOI360 results correlated well (r2 = 0.78); using LOI500 equivalents derived from LOI360 produced identical classifications for 92% of the samples. Effective sampling protocols for ISNT‐N should include sampling at 3.75+ samples ha‐1 for consistent ISNT‐N interpretations, and LOI500 equivalents can be used to derive ISNT‐Ncritical values.
A Wet‐Chemical and Phosphorus K‐edge X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Investigation of Phosphate Adsorption on Binary Mixtures of Ferrihydrite and Calcite: Implications for Phosphorus Bioavailability
Authors: Adam Nadia
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Understanding P sorption complexity is critical to managing alkaline soil‐P.

Molecular and macro‐scale sorption are characterized in representative systems.

Preferential P sorption on ferrihydrite is seen in ferrihydrite–calcite mixtures.

Nonlinear P sorptive behavior in mineral–mixtures indicates mineral interaction.

An increase in P bioavailability is expected with soil reduction and pH increase.

A fundamental understanding of phosphorus (P) bioavailability in alkaline soils is critical to its better management in agricultural and environmental applications. The main objective of this study is to characterize phosphate speciation in the alkaline pH range (pH 8–9.5) in binary mixtures of ferrihydrite and calcite using a combination of wet‐chemical and P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Our results showed that ferrihydrite and calcite sorbed phosphate as an inner‐sphere surface complex with binuclear‐bidentate mode of phosphate bonding on ferrihydrite in both single‐ and mixed‐mineral systems of ferrihydrite and calcite. Phosphate sorbed preferentially on ferrihydrite in binary mixtures of ferrihydrite and calcite particularly at higher concentrations of sorbed phosphate, probably due to greater concentration of metal‐OH surface sites in ferrihydrite than in calcite. In addition, phosphate sorption in mineral mixtures did not behave as a linear combination of phosphate sorption in their single‐mineral components, indicating mineral interactive effects. Molecular‐scale insights from this study have important implications for macro‐scale behavior of P bioavailability in alkaline soils, such as an increase in P bioavailability and subsequent P release with soil reduction and pH increase.
Soil Thermal Properties Influenced by Perennial Biofuel and Cover Crop Management
Authors: Haruna Samuel I. , Anderson Stephen H. , Nkongolo Nsalambi V. , Reinbott Timothy , Zaibon Syaharudin
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas:

Cover crops significantly increased soil organic C compared with no cover crop management.

Perennial biofuel and cover crops had significantly higher volumetric heat capacity than row crop management.

Under laboratory‐controlled conditions, perennial biofuel and cover crops improved soil thermal properties.

Heat transport is an important factor that can influence the soil environment. The objective of this study was to determine if perennial biofuel and cover crops could alter soil thermal properties. Experimental treatments included two levels of cover crops (cover crops [CC] vs. no cover crops) [NC], collectively called row crops (RC), and two biofuel crop treatments. Cover crops used included cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. villosa), and Austrian winter pea [Pisum sativum subsp. arvense (L.) Asch. & Graebn]. The two biofuel treatments included perennial biofuel crops (PB): giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Soil samples were collected at 10‐cm depth increments from the soil surface to a depth of 30 cm. Soil thermal properties (thermal conductivity [λ], volumetric heat capacity [CV], thermal diffusivity [D]), and volumetric water content (θ) were determined at 0, ‐33, ‐100 and ‐300 kPa soil water matric potentials. Additionally, bulk density and soil organic C (SOC) were determined. Results showed that PB had 11% higher CV at saturation, probably because they had significantly higher θ and SOC than RC management. Cover crops had 13% higher CV at saturation probably because they had significantly higher θ and SOC than no cover crop management. Row crops had significantly higher λ and D than PB. The results from the current study imply that CC and PB can change soil thermal properties by reducing λ and D and increasing CV under laboratory conditions.
PEMAHAMAN KEBERAGAMAAN DAN GERAKAN KELOMPOK FPI SURABAYA
Authors: Ma’arif Syamsul
Published: August 2017

Attitudes of FPI (Islamic Defenders Front) in Indonesia so far  impressed 'frontal' and against any form of indecent behavior. Their action, in fact it can be said as one of the deepest expression of a group of Muslims in articulating religious teachings are embraced, or as an attitude of "piety" in viewing of all the different faiths in the belief that he believes. Especially in view of problems that are clearly regarded as a form of disobedience, apostasy and blasphemy. The responses and reactions, as well as research that has been conducted by the author in Surabaya is in order to uphold the principles of faith are considered "correct" earlier. This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on what factors underlie the birth of contemporary religious groups-particularly FPI in Surabaya. And find the religious understanding, activity and movements FPI group in the area. Overview of the results of this study are expected to eventually be able to eliminate the possibility of misunderstanding information is the cause of the onset of prejudice and stereotypes is the first step in conflict or resolve conflicts between religious communities in a comprehensive manner. Therefore, the known diversity of religious groups with the dynamics of movements will make it easier for religious communities to learn from each other. Sikap-sikap FPI (Front Pembela Islam) di Indonesia selama ini terkesan ‘frontal’ dan melawan setiap bentuk kemunkaran. Aksi mereka, sebenarnya bisa dikatakan sebagai salah satu bentuk ekspresi terdalam dari sekelompok orang muslim dalam mengartikulasikan ajaran-ajaran agama yang dipeluknya, atau sebagai bentuk sikap “kesalehan” dalam memandang setiap keyakinan yang berbeda dengan keyakinan yang diyakininya. Apalagi dalam memandang persoalan yang jelas-jelas dianggap sebagai bentuk kemaksiatan, kesesatan dan penodaan agama. Maka respons dan reaksi mereka, sebagaimana hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan penulis di Surabaya adalah dalam rangka menegakkan prinsip keimanan yang dianggap “benar” tadi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang komprehensif tentang faktor apa saja yang melatari lahirnya kelompok-kelompok keagamaan kontemporer—terutama sekali FPI di Surabaya. Sekaligus mengetahui pemahaman keagamaan, aktifitas dan gerakan-gerakan kelompok FPI di daerah tersebut. Gambaran hasil penelitian ini pada akhirnya diharapkan mampu mengeliminasi kemungkinan kesalahpahaman informasi yang menjadi sebab timbulnya prejudice, dan stereotype yang merupakan langkah awal terjadinya konflik atau mengatasi konflik antar komunitas agama secara komprehensif. Sebab, dengan diketahui keanekaragaman kelompok-kelompok keagamaan dengan dinamika gerakannya  akan lebih memudahkan masyarakat agama untuk saling belajar satu sama lain.
AKAR TERORISME DALAM ISLAM?
Authors: Sukendar Sukendar
Published: August 2017

Terrorism has been a popular issue since September the Eleven. The incident was followed by a proclamation of war against terrorism by the US governments. The US invited other countries to join the campaign with President George W. Bush's monumental saying "You are either with us or against us". The effort of countering terrorism by the US and other countries with a weapon is likely to be ineffective. Countering terrorism, especially religious motivated terrorism can effectively be conducted by understanding the root causes of terrorism and eliminating what so-called global injustice.Terorisme menjadi isu populer sejak 11 September (2001). Insiden ini diikuti dengan sebuah proklamasi perang melawan terorisme oleh pemerintah USA. USA mengajak negara-negara lain untuk bergabung kampanye dengan perkataan monumental Presiden George W. Bush, ”Anda bersama kami, atau melawan kami.” Usaha menghadapi terorisme oleh USA dan negara-negara lain dengan senjata tampaknya tidak efektif. Melawan terorisme, khususnya terorisme yang dimotivasi oleh agama, bisa efektif dilakukan dengan memahami akar penyebab terorisme dan mengeliminasi apa yang disebut ketidakadilan global
AL-UKHUWAH AL-IJTIMA’IYAH WA AL-INSANIYAH
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah
Published: August 2017

The paradigm of freedom and religious tolerance in Islam contains teachings about human equality. Above equation can be formed brotherhood and friendship among religious social life based on humanity in order to create social order together. Thus from the side of humanity, Islam does not recognize exclusiveness, and from the side of faith, Islam does not recognize intolerance. In social interaction, Islam outlines the people not to argue with the followers of other religions but in a polite way, and ethical, and they should do well, and be fair to other religious communities. Expansion of the actual and empirical interpretation of religious teachings and by adjusting the reality aspects of socioeconomic, political and cultural socialization and assimilation is an effort and cultural assimilation of religious values in the society and the nation in particular in the development, so that religion can be played in development. And the vastness of religious insight of the religion will grow an attitude and an open and inclusive approach to social problems of mankind and humanity.Paradigma kebebasan dan toleransi beragama dalam lslam mengandung ajaran tentang persamaan manusia. Di atas persamaan ini dapat dibentuk persaudaraan dan persahabatan antar pemeluk agama dalam kehidupan sosial berdasarkan kemanusiaan demi terwujudnya ketertiban sosial bersama. Dengan demikian dari sisi kemanusiaan, lslam tidak mengenal eksklusivisme, dan dari sisi akidah, Islam juga tidak mengenal intoleransi. Dalam pergaulan sosial lslam menggariskan kepada umatnya yaitu tidak boleh berbantahan dengan penganut agama lain melainkan dengan cara yang sopan dan etis, dan mereka boleh berbuat baik dan berlaku adil terhadap komunitas agama lain. Perluasan penafsiran ajaran agama secara aktual dan empiris dengan merelevansikannya dengan aspek-aspek realitas sosial ekonomi, politik dan budaya merupakan upaya sosialisasi dan inkulturasi nilai-nilai agama dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan berbangsa khususnya dalam pembangunan, sehingga agama dapat diperankan dalam pembangunan. Dan keluasan wawasan penganut agama akan ajaran agamanya akan menumbuhkan sikap dan pandangan yang terbuka dan inklusif terhadap masalah-masalah sosial dan kemanusiaan umat manusia.
The Role of Tourism Stakeholders at Jasri Tourism Village Development, Karangasem Regency
Authors: Suniastha Amerta I Made
Published: August 2017

The success on the development of tourism in a tourist destination depends on the role/participation of tourism stakeholders in the area. Similarly, in the development of rural tourism in the Pakraman Jasri Village. Since the beginning or the planning of tourism development in this village until the time of its development, the tourism stakeholders, namely the local community, government, and investors in this village have been actively and directly involved in supporting the development of Jasri Tourism Village. This writing aims at knowing and understanding the role of tourism stakeholders in Jasri Tourism Village which considered have played the important role in developing tourism in the village. This research was conducted by using the qualitative method in accordance with the rules of scientific research and the paradigm of Cultural Studies. The result of the study showed that the role of tourism stakeholders can be seen in the early planning of Jasri Tourism Village and in the development of Jasri Tourism Village. The tourism stakeholders at Jasri Village have done some efforts to make sure that the development of Jasri Tourism Village will be a success and able to give a significant impact, particularly in improving the welfare of the local society of the Pakraman Village of Jasri in the future time.
La ruta de Santos: evolución y tendencias de la política exterior colombiana
Authors: Torrijos Rivera Vicente
Published: August 2017

Este artículo desarrolla la tesis de que en el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos la política exterior está orientada hacia el comercio y, para desarrollarla, el Presidente se vale de una estrategia de tres frentes: diplomacia, mercados y seguridad, siempre bajo la idea de que el Gobierno tiene como meta para los próximos años el crecimiento económico del país.
Formulación de elementos pedagógicos para el diseño de simuladores logísticos aplicados a programas académicos de administración
Authors: Mendoza Vargas Francisco Daniel , Bolívar Ramírez Jorge Enrique
Published: August 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir algunos elementos pedagógicos sugeridos para el diseño de simuladores logísticos aplicados a la formación de programas académicos de administración. El sujeto de análisis es el programa de Administración Logística de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”, con el propósito de fomentar el diseño de simulaciones empresariales que tengan como finalidad fortalecer el proceso de toma de decisiones estratégicas en la formación de sus educandos. En términos generales, los resultados preliminares de investigación se pueden aplicar en la formación de otros programas académicos de administración del país.
Dermatoglifia dactilar, orientación y selección deportiva
Authors: Leiva Deantonio Jaime Humberto , Melo Buitrago Paula Janyn , Gil Villalobos Martha Janet
Published: August 2017

La importancia del potencial genético en la búsqueda del alto rendimiento deportivo a generado un sin número de investigaciones. Determinar los marcadores genéticos, permite pronosticar con un alto nivel de confiabilidad, el desarrollo de las capacidades físicas, aspecto decisivo en el proceso de selección deportiva en edades tempranas. En tal sentido, se ha observado en los últimos años, un gran interés por el estudio de las huellas dactilares como marcador genético y su relación con las características morfo-funcionales y motoras propias de aquellos deportistas de talla internacional, observándose una distribución preferencial de los patrones digitales (arcos, presillas y verticilos) según modalidades; de ésta manera, se puede establecer que los deportes cíclicos de velocidad a la fuerza y que presentan una limitada exigencia coordinativa, se asocian con los más sencillos dibujos dactilares (arcos y presillas), y menor número de crestas. De otra parte, los dibujos dactilares más complejos y con el mayor número de crestas son propios de aquellos deportes con altas exigencias coordinativas.
Perspectiva histórica de las relaciones entre la Iglesia Católica y el estamento militar colombiano
Authors: Forero de Moreno Isabel
Published: August 2017

El artículo muestra cómo se fueron configurando las relaciones entre la Iglesia católica y el estamento militar en Colombia, desde la Independencia hasta nuestros días; así mismo se pone en evidencia la contribución de la Iglesia católica, el Ejército y el poder político en la estructuración de la nación colombiana. Y en este sentido se plantea que la estrecha cooperación entre la Iglesia católica, el estamento militar y el poder político se ha forjado a lo largo de la evolución histórica del país.