bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Integrated Indirect Forest Therapy on Emotion, Fatigue, Stress, and Immune Function in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kang Hyoyoung , Chae Youngran
Published: December 2020

(1) Background: Most hemodialysis patients may experience physiological and psychological stress. Exposure to nature has been previously reported to reduce the measures of psychological and physiological stress, and immune function. This study aimed to investigate psychological and physiological effects of integrated indirect forest therapy on chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. (2) Methods: As a quasi-experiment, this study employed a nonequivalent control group, repeated measurements, and a non-synchronized design. A total of 54 participants were included: 26 and 28 in the experimental and control groups, respectively. During hemodialysis, five types of forest therapy stimuli (visual, auditory, olfactory, tactile, and motor) were applied 3 times per week for 4 weeks during 15-minute sessions. (3) Results: Positive but not negative emotion measures differed between the groups after the intervention. Fatigue and physiological stress levels were significantly reduced in the experimental group, whereas no significant difference was found between the groups on the measures of psychological stress. Activation of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems was similar in both groups, as was the number of natural killer cells. (4) Conclusion: Integrated indirect forest therapy may help increase positive emotions and reduce fatigue and stress levels during hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure.
Rheological Behavior of Blends of Metallocene Catalyzed Long-Chain Branched Polyethylenes. Part I: Shear Rheological and Thermorheological Behavior
Authors: Chen Chuangbi , Shekh Mehdihasan I. , Cui Shuming , Stadler Florian J.
Published: December 2020

Long-chain branched metallocene-catalyzed high-density polyethylenes (LCB-mHDPE) were solution blended to obtain blends with varying degrees of branching. A high molecular LCB-mHDPE was mixed with low molecular LCB-mHDPE are varying concentrations, whose rheological behavior is similar but whose molar mass and molar mass distribution is significantly different. Those blends were characterized rheologically to study the effects of concentration, molar mass distribution, and long-chain branching level of the low molecular LCB-mHDPE. Owing to the ultra-long relaxation times of the high molecular LCB-mHDPE, the blends started behaving clearly more long-chain branched than the base materials. The thermorheological complexity showed an apparent increase in the activation energies Ea determined from G’, G”, and especially δ. Ea(δ), which for LCB-mHDPE is a peak function, turned out to produce even more pronounced peaks than observed for regular LCB-mPE and also LCB-mPE with broader molar mass distribution. Thus, it is possible to estimate the molar mass distribution from the details of the thermorheological complexity.
Introducing Out of School Activities to Fulfil the Need for Physical Activities
Authors: Purnomo Eko , Ma'mun Amung , Kusmaedi Nurlan , Marheni Eddy , Jermaina Nina
Published: December 2020

This study aims to introduce out of school activities (OSA) to high school PJOK teachers in Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. As is known, OSA is an alternative for students in fulfilling their movement needs, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic. Currently, students mostly stay at home, such as studying from home, to doing activities from home. So that there is minimal possibility of carrying out the movement activities recommended by WHO. The research method used is action research. This method gets a problem, then arranges problem-solving, conducts treatment, and finally evaluates. The research results show no teachers who have ever carried out of school activities (OSA); understanding, implementation, and evaluation are also not understood by the teachers. After being given the treatment, the teachers became more aware and understood about out of school activities, starting from understanding, implementing to evaluating what had to be done.
Effect of Design on the Evacuation Time for Large Arenas of Different Epochs
Authors: Gravit Marina , Kirik Ekaterina , Savchenko Egor , Vitova Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The designs of two large arenas of different epochs are discussed, which are the most famous antique amphitheater the Roman Colosseum (Italy) and the modern Gazprom Arena stadium (St. Petersburg, Russia). 3D-computer models of the arenas have been built and evacuation of people has been simulated in the Sigma FS software (Russia). The arena designs are analyzed in terms of organizing pedestrian evacuation, a comparative analysis is made, and the specific characteristics affecting the evacuation time are established.
Insights Into the Roles of the Sideroflexins / SLC56 Family in Iron Homeostasis and Iron-Sulfur Biogenesis
Authors: Tifoun Nesrine , De las Heras José M. , Guillaume Arnaud , Bouleau Sylvina , Mignotte Bernard , Le Floch Nathalie
Published: December 2020

Sideroflexins (SLC56 family) are highly conserved multi-spanning transmembrane proteins inserted in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes. Few data are available on their molecular function but, since their first description, they were thought to be metabolite transporters probably required for iron utilization inside the mitochondrion. Such as numerous mitochondrial transporters, sideroflexins remain poorly characterized. The prototypic member SFXN1 has been recently identified as the previously unknown mitochondrial transporter of serine. Nevertheless, pending questions on the molecular function of sideroflexins remain unsolved, especially their link with iron metabolism. Here, we review the current knowledge on sideroflexins, their presumed mitochondrial functions and the sparse - but growing - evidence linking sideroflexins to iron homeostasis and iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. Since an imbalance in iron homeostasis can be detrimental at the cellular and organismal levels, we also investigate the relationship between sideroflexins, iron and physiological disorders. Investigating Sideroflexins’ functions constitutes an emerging research field of great interest and will certainly lead to main discoveries on mitochondrial physiopathology.
Efficacy of an Intervention to Reduce Stigma Beliefs and Attitudes Among Primary Care and Mental Health Professionals: Two Cluster Randomized-Controlled Trials
Authors: Eiroa-Orosa Francisco José , Lomascolo María , Tosas-Fernández Anaïs
Published: December 2020

Although it may seem paradoxical, primary care and mental health professionals develop prejudices and discriminatory attitudes towards people with mental health problems in a very similar way to the rest of the population. The main objective of this project was to design, implement and evaluate two awareness interventions respectively tailored to reduce stigma and discrimination beliefs and attitudes towards persons with a mental health diagnosis among primary care (PC) and mental health (MH) professionals. These interventions were developed by Obertament, the Catalan alliance against stigma and discrimination in mental health. The TLC3 (Targeted, Local, Credible, Continuous Contact) methodology was adapted to the Catalan PC and MH professional contexts. Activists with lived experience of mental health diagnosis carried out awareness-raising interventions in PC and MH health centres. The efficacy of these interventions was evaluated using two prospective double-blind cluster-wait-list-randomized-controlled trial experimental designs. Stigmatizing beliefs and behaviours were measured with the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers in primary care centres and with the Beliefs and Attitudes towards Mental Health Service users’ rights in mental health centres. Positive reductions in both PC and MH professionals’ stigmatising beliefs and attitudes were found in the 1-month follow-up, although a ‘rebound effect’ at the 3-month follow up was also detected. This emphasizes the importance of the continuity of the presence of anti-stigma activities and messages. Attrition rates where high, which can hamper the reliability of the results. Further follow-up studies should enquiry effects of long-term interventions aimed at reducing stigmatising beliefs and attitudes among primary care and mental health professionals.
Human Fatalities Caused by Hornet, Wasp and Bee Stings in Spain: Epidemiology at State and Sub-state Level from 1999 to 2018
Authors: Feás Xesús
Published: December 2020

Epidemiology of fatalities in Spain due to hornet, wasp and bee stings (Cause Code of Death: X23) is described. Over a 20-year period (1999-2018), a total of 78 fatalities were recorded, mostly occurring in males (85.9%), of 65 years and older (52.6%), at “unspecified places” (67.9%) and in the months of July and August (50%). The X23 mortality rates (X23MR) expressed in terms of annual rates and per million inhabitants, varied from 0.02 to 0.19 (mean value ± standard deviation = 0.09 ± 0.05), placing Spain at low levels in comparison with other countries. A more detailed and specific breakdown of the distribution of the yearly deaths at Sub-state level and across communities reveals some striking features. They were more concentrated in the Communities of Galicia (35.8%), Andalucía (21.7%) and Castilla y León (12.8%). X23MR were estimated in Galicia at 1.82, 1.10 and 2.22 in 2014, 2016 and 2018 respectively; and in Asturias at 1.88 and 0.97, in 2014 and 2017 respectively. The role of the invasive species Vespa velutina (VV), is examined. Due to its habits, abundance and broader distribution, the risk that VV represents to human health is unmatched by other Hymenoptera native species.
Benzoxazine Monomers and Polymers Based on 3,3’-Dichloro-4,4’-Diaminodiphenylmethane: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Petrakova Viktoria , Kireev Vyacheslav , Onuchin Denis , Sarychev Igor , Shutov Vyacheslav , Kuzmich Anastasia , Bornosuz Natalia , Gorlov Mikhail , Pavlov Nikolay , Shapagin Alexey , Khasbiullin Ramil , Sirotin Igor
Published: December 2020

As a result of this work, a previously unreported benzoxazine monomer based on 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane was obtained, characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and its thermal and rheological properties were studied. A comparison between the properties of benzoxazines based on diamines (3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 4,4’-diaminodimethylmethane). The effect of the reaction medium on the structure of the oligomeric fraction and the overall yield of the main product was studied. The synthesized monomers can be used as thermo- and fire-resistant binders for polymer composite materials, as well as hardeners for epoxy resins.
A ideia de povo brasileiro nas lições de História do professor Joaquim Silva
Authors: Ribeiro Junior Halferd Carlos , Junior Arnaldo Pinto
Published: December 2020

O período entre 1930 e 1945 foi marcado pela ascensão dos regimes totalitários, a crise do capitalismo liberal, e o uso da violência como estratégia para resolução de conflitos políticos. No Brasil, Vargas empreendeu um projeto político de modernização, marcado pela iniciativa de industrialização e urbanização, a revisão da cultura política e histórica acerca da nação, e a partir de 1937 acentuou-se a centralização administrativa e o autoritarismo. Nesse cenário, a educação escolar foi um palco privilegiado da ação política, e o ensino de história um de seus principais personagens. Neste artigo, analisamos a ideia de povo brasileiro nas lições de história de Joaquim Silva, preocupados em desvelar a trama discursiva da cultura política e histórica de sua interpretação, atrelada as reformas educacionais e do currículo de história do período em tela.
Understanding the Multiphysical Processes in Carbon Dioxide Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Operations: A Numerical Study Using a General Simulation Framework
Authors: Wang Shihao , Di Yuan , Winterfeld Philip H. , Li Jun , Zhou Xianmin , Wu Yu-Shu , Yao Bowen
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we aim to enhance our understanding of the multiphysical processes in carbon dioxide (CO2)-enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) (CO2-EOR) operations using a modeling approach. We present the development of a comprehensive mathematical model for thermal/hydraulic/mechanical (THM) simulation of CO2-EOR processes. We adopt the integrated-finite-difference method to simulate coupled THM processes during CO2-EOR in conventional and unconventional reservoirs. In our method, the governing equations of the multiphysical THM processes are solved fully coupled on the same unstructured grid. To rigorously simulate the phase behavior of a three-phase, nonisothermal system, a three-phase flash-calculation module, dependent on the minimization of Gibbs energy, is implemented in the simulator. The simulator is thus applicable to both miscible and immiscible flooding simulations under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions.

We have investigated the effect of cold-CO2 injection on injectivity as well as on phase behavior. We conclude that cold-CO2 injection is an effective way to increase injectivity in tight oil reservoirs and reduces overriding effect in high-water-bearing reservoirs. Using the developed general simulation framework, we have discovered and studied several intriguing multiphysical phenomena that cannot be captured by commonly used reservoir simulators, including the temperature-decreasing phenomenon near the production well and the permeability-enhancement effect induced by the thermal unloading process. These phenomena can be captured only by the fully coupled multiphysical model. The novelty of this paper lies in its integration of multiple physical simulation modules to form a general simulation framework to capture realistic flow and transport processes during CO2 flooding, and in revealing the behavior of cold-CO2 injection under THM effects.
COVID-19 Critical Care Simulations: An International Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alrabiaah Abdulkarim , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Al-Sohime Fahad , Huzaimi Abdullah Al , Alamro Nurah , Alhasan Khalid , Upadhye Vaibhavi , Jamal Amr , Aljamaan Fadi , Alhaboob Ali , Arabi Yaseen , Lazarovici Marc , Boker Abdulaziz
Published: December 2020

Background: Many healthcare systems initiated rapid training with COVID-19 simulations for their healthcare workers (HCWs) to build surge capacity and optimize infection control measures. This study aimed to describe COVID-19 simulation drills in international healthcare centers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey among simulation team leaders and HCWs, based on each center's debriefing reports from simulation centers from 30 countries in all WHO regions where COVID-19 simulation drills were conducted. The primary outcome measures were the COVID-19 simulations' characteristics, outcomes, facilitators, obstacles, and challenges encountered during the simulation sessions. Results: Invitation was sent to 500 simulation team leaders and HCWs, and 343 responded. Those who completed the study comprised 121 participants: 62.8% females; 56.2% physicians; 41.3% from East Mediterranean (EMRO) countries; 25.6% from Southeast Asian countries (SERO); and 12.4% from Europe. The frequency of simulation sessions was monthly (27.1%), weekly (24.8%), twice weekly (19.8%), or daily (21.5%). Among participants, 55.6% reported the team's full engagement in the simulation sessions. The average session length was 30–60 minutes. The most commonly reported debriefing leaders were ICU staff, simulation lab staff, and E.R. facilitators, and the least common were infection control staff. A total of 80% reported "a lot" to "a great improvement" in terms of clinical preparedness after simulation sessions, and 70% were satisfied with the COVID-19 simulation sessions and thought they were better than expected. Most of the perceived issues reported were related to infection control measures, followed by team dynamics, logistics, and patient transport issues. Conclusion: Simulation centers team leaders and HCWs reported positive feedback on COVID-19 simulation sessions. The presence of multiprofessional personnel during drills is warranted. These drills are a valuable tool for rehearsing safe dynamics of HCWs on the frontline of COVID-19.Trial registration: Not applicable.
Prediction value of IVIM Combining with BOLD-MRI in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Yanhui , Mo Xiaokai , Xie Jianteng , Li Qiuling , Li Sheng , Qi Chunfang , Liang Tiantian , Zhang Yifan , Zhang Shaogui , Chen Zujiao , Qiu Xueqian , Lin Shaochun , Zhang Shuting , Zhang Li , Lin Ting , Li Ruizhao , Li Zhilian , Liang Xinling , Li Zhongwen , Chen Hongmei , Kuang Jian , Liu Zaiyi , Zhang Shuixing , Wang Wenjian
Published: December 2020

Background Noninvasive evaluation of hypoxia and fibrosis in kidney simultaneously by functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the prognosis of patients in prospective diabetic kidney disease (DKD) cohort has not been reported. We aim to assess the prediction value of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted image (DWI) in the prognosis of DKD.Methods 77 patients with diabetes mellitus (67 with DKD) were enrolled in this prospective cohort study in single center. BOLD-MRI and IVIM-DWI were used to assess renal hypoxia and fibrosis. A well-validated, reproducible method called twelve-layer concentric objects (TLCO) was applied to quantify the R2* values of BOLD (corresponds to oxygenation) and D values of IVIM (corresponds to fibrosis) derived from MRI. All patients received standard medical care according to guideline during study and followed up for 24.8 ± 12.6 months. The primary end points were serum creatinine (Scr) increasing > 30%, ERSD, or death.Results Our data demonstrated that medullary R2* value (MR2*) was significantly higher and cortical D value (CD) was markedly lower in DKD than those of diabetic controls, and strongly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. Both the higher MR2* (log-rank test, P < 0.001) and the lower CD (log-rank test, P < 0.001) predicted a worse outcome of DKD. The corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.89] and 0.77 (95% CI 0.64–0.89) respectively. Importantly, combination of MR2* and CD exhibited a more significant efficiency (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.74–0.95) than each of them respectively in predicting the outcomes of DKD.Conclusions Integrating BOLD-MRI and IVIM-DWI quantified by TLCO was more efficient than each single of them in assessment of renal outcomes; thus, could be a noninvasive tool to predict the prognosis of DKD.Trial registration The study protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (NO: ChiCTR-RRC-17012687; date of registration: 16/09/2017).
The current distribution of recently-recruited genes among chromosomes appears increasingly non-random along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda to the primata
Authors: Stein Wilfred , Hoshen Moshe
Published: December 2020

Background: The present availability of full genome sequences of a broad range of animal species across the whole range of evolutionary history enables one to ask questions as to the distribution of genes across the chromosomes. Do newly recruited genes, clade by clade, distribute at random or at non-random locations? Results: We extracted values for the “consensus” ages of the human genes and for their current chromosome locations, from published sources. A quantitative analysis showed that the distribution of newly-added genes among and within the chromosomes appears to be increasingly non-random if one observes animals along the evolutionary series from the tetrapoda through to the great apes, whereas the oldest genes are randomly distributed.Conclusions: Randomization will result from chromosome evolution, but less and less time is available for this process as evolution proceeds. Much of the bunching of recently-added genes arises from new gene formation in gene families, near the location of genes that were recruited in the preceding phylostratum. As examples we cite the KRTAP, ZNF, OR and some minor gene families. We show that bunching can also result from the evolution of the chromosomes themselves when, as for the KRTAP genes, blocks of genes that had previously been on disparate chromosomes become linked together.
Effects of long-term Antiepileptic Drug Monotherapy on All-cause Death in Patients with Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Nationwide Population-based Study
Authors: Hsu Chia-Yu , Cheng Chun-Yu , Lee Jiann-Der , Lee Meng , Ovbiagele Bruce
Published: December 2020

Objective We aim to compare the effect of long-term antiepileptic drug (AED) monotherapy on the risk of death and recurrent ischemic stroke in patients with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Patients and Methods We identified all hospitalized patients (≥20 years) with a primary diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke from 2001 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The PSE cohorts were defined as the stroke patients (1) who had no epilepsy and no AEDs use before the index stroke, and (2) who had epilepsy and AEDs use after 14 days from the stroke onset. The PSE patients receiving AED monotherapy were enrolled and were categorized into phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and new AED groups. We employed the Cox regression model to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death and recurrent ischemic stroke within 5 years across all groups, using the new AED group as the reference. Results Of 6962 PSE patients using AED monotherapy, 3917 (56%) were on phenytoin, 1623 (23%) on valproic acid, 457 (7%) on carbamazepine, and 965 (14%) on new AEDs. After adjusting for confounders, compared with new AED users, phenytoin users had a higher risk of death in 5 years (HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06-2.55). On the other hand, all AED groups showed a similar risk of recurrent ischemic stroke. Conclusion Among PSE patients on first-line monotherapy, compared to new AEDs, use of phenytoin was associated with a higher risk of death in 5 years.
High Levels of anti-Leishmania IgG3 and Low CD4+ T Cells Count were Associated with Relapses in Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Kuschnir Renata , Pereira Leonardo , Dutra Maria Rita , de Paula Ludmila , Silva-Freitas Maria Luciana , Correa-Castro Gabriela , Silva Simone Cruz , Cota Glaucia , Santos-Oliveira Joanna , Da-Cruz Alda
Published: December 2020

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is severe and potentially fatal. Brazil is one of the countries with the greatest endemicity for the disease in the world. The reduction of CD4+ T lymphocytes, B cells activation and high levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-8/TNF/IL-1β), plasma LPS, soluble CD14, anti-Leishmania IgG3 and low leptin levels are involved in the immunopathogenesis of VL, most associated with severe VL. Despite relapses occurring in about 4-5% of patients with VL not associated with HIV infection, the factors underlying relapses are little known. Our aim was to identify clinical, laboratory and immunological parameters that may be associated with recurrences in VL.Methods: Fifteen VL patients recruited from Hospital Eduardo de Menezes (BH-MG) were grouped into relapsing (R-VL, n=5) and non-relapsing (NR-VL, n=10) and evaluated during active disease, immediately after treatment (post-treatment) and six months post-treatment (6mpt). Clinical and laboratory data obtained from medical records were correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts and anti-Leishmania Igs and IL-6 plasma levels and compared to those parameters of ten healthy controls.Results: During the active phase of VL, despite similarity in the clinical symptoms, the rates of thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases (AST and ALT) and hyperbilirubinemia were higher in the NR-VL group compared to R-VL (p<0.05), a profile reversed during the post-treatment phase. All patients had low CD4+ T counts in active phase, however, NR-VL patients had a higher gain of this cell type than R-VL in the post-treatment (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in IgG3 levels during the follow-up in the NR-VL group compared to the R-VL, especially at 6mpt (p<0.05). In addition, IgG3 levels were negatively correlated with CD4+ T counts in the R-VL group (r=-0.52). Elevated levels of IL-6 were observed in active VL and correlated with clinical markers of severity. Conclusions: During active phase of VL, the NR-VL patients presented more severe laboratorial abnormalities compared to R-VL, probably because the latter had already received previous treatment. On the other hand, R-VL exhibited greater impairment of immune reconstitution and a high degree of B lymphocyte activation, which must be a factor that favored relapses.
Application of Real-Time Visual Feedback System in Balance Training of the Center of Pressure with Smart Wearable Devices
Authors: Wang I-Lin , Wang Li-I , Liu Yang , Xue Shi-Jie , Hu Rui , Zhang Ke-Ke , Jian Rong-Jiun , HO Chun-Sheng
Published: December 2020

Background: Visual feedback from the center of pressure (COP) on the benefits of standing quietly remains controversial. The study was to investigate the adaptive effect of COP real-time visual feedback training provided by smart wearable devices on standing in silence. Methods: Thirty healthy female college students were randomly divided into three groups (visual feedback balance training group (VFT), non-visual feedback balance training group (NVFT) and control group (CG)) .Two force plates were used to calculate the coordinates of COP anteroposterior (COPAP) and COP mediolateral (COPML).The motion analysis system is used to calculate the coordinates of the center of mass in two directions. Enhanced visual feedback on the screen in the form of fluctuating in different directions, VFT received real-time visual feedback from Podoon APP for training, the NVFT only performs open eye balance without receiving real-time visual feedback. The CG group did not receive any visual feedback. The training lasted 4 weeks, the training lasts 30 minutes at an interval of 1 days. Results: After four weeks of balance training, the results showed that visual feedback training can improve the stability of human posture control by one leg stance and tandem stance static balance training on VFT intelligent App. The parameters of COPML/AP max displacement, COPML/AP velocity and COP radius and COP area in the VFT were significantly increased (p＜0.05).Conclusion: The conclusion shows that COP real-time visual feedback training provided by smart wearable devices can reduce postural sway better and improve body balance ability than general training when standing quietly.
Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Heart Failure With Mid-Range Ejection Fraction Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A 3-Year Case Series Follow-Up Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Lieyou , Li Ganyang , Chen Huang , Feng Zhihai , Chen Yifan , Zhang Lin , Li Shumei , Chen Lianglong , Fan Lin
Published: December 2020

Backgroud Data are limited about the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and the 3-year outcomes in such population.Methods 377 ACS patients with HFmrEF (left ventricular EF 40–49%) underwent PCI (132 diabetic and 245 nondiabetic patients) were included into analysis. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause death or HF rehospitalization. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier test were used to assess the effect of diabetes on the primary outcome. Sensitivity analysis was conducted with propensity score-matching analysis.Results During a follow-up of three years, diabetic patients had a higher incidence rate of the primary outcome than nondiabetic patients (96.1 vs. 44.6 per 1000 patient-years, incidence rate ratio 2.301, 95% confidence interval 1.334–3.969; P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus was associated with a significant increase in the composite outcome of all-cause death or HF rehospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio 2.080, 95% confidence interval 1.115–3.878, P=0.021). Sensitivity analysis further confirmed that diabetes mellitus was an independent prognostic factor of long-term adverse outcome for ACS patients with HFmrHF who underwent PCI (adjusted hazard ratio 3.792, 95% confidence interval 1.802-7.980, P＜0.001).Conclusions Among ACS patients with HFmrEF underwent PCI, complicating with T2DM was significantly associated with worse long-term outcomes.
In Silico Metabolic Modeling Reveals Potential Muscle Metabolite Markers of Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients
Authors: Khoshnejat Maryam , Banaei-Moghaddam Ali Mohammad , Kavousi Kaveh , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar
Published: December 2020

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a challenging and globally ubiquitous metabolic disease caused by insulin resistance. Skeletal muscle is the major insulin-sensitive tissue that plays a great role in blood sugar homeostasis. Dysfunction of muscle metabolism is implicated in the disturbance of glucose hemostasis and the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we attempted to find metabolic dysregulations that are associated with the onset of T2DM. Besides, metabolite markers of T2DM were explored. Methods We reconstructed a human muscle-specific metabolic model and applied it to perform metabolic analysis in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. We investigated the metabolism reprogramming by using two topology-based and constraint-based approach. Moreover, we applied a machine learning method to predict potential metabolite markers of insulin resistance in muscle.Results Our results showed that metabolic alterations have occurred in carbohydrate, fatty acids, lipids, amino acids, and inositol phosphate metabolisms as well as pathways implicated in building extracellular matrix (ECM). Also, dysregulation of coenzyme Q10 metabolism was observed. Moreover, 13 exchange metabolites were predicted as the potential metabolite markers of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. The efficiency of these markers in detecting insulin-resistant muscle was validated using a separate muscle gene expression data from another diabetes-related study. Conclusion In this study, the most updated muscle-specific metabolic model was generated and successfully was validated. This model was used for the investigation of metabolic disturbances at the onset of T2DM. Our results indicated the significance of ECM metabolites in insulin resistance, and reinforce the role of coenzyme Q10 as a candidate for further research in insulin resistance and T2DM treatment. The model is freely available and can be used for other muscle metabolic studies. We also predicted metabolite markers of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle, which can be considered for further empirical investigations.
Nuclear Export Protein CSE1L Interacts with P65 and Promotes NSCLC Growth via NF-κB/MAPK Pathway
Authors: lin Hechun , Li Jing , Chen Dongdong , Zhang Xiao , Yu Tao , Zhao Fangyu , Geng Qin , Kong Hanwei , Li Hong , Yao Ming , Zhu Miaoxin
Published: December 2020

Background: Cancer cells can utilize the transportins into and out of the nucleus to stimulate tumor growth and to effectively evade apoptotic mechanisms. We aimed to identify transportins that are overexpressed in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and might be targeted to slow the tumor growth. Methods: Using the ONCOMINE and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we compared the gene expression of 24 importins and exportins in 20 cancer microarray datasets and then analyzed the survival of the candidate genes, CSE1L (Chromosome Segregation Like 1 protein/CAS) was finally selected. The expression level of CSE1L was detected in both NSCLC cells and clinical samples. To evaluate the function of CSE1L in vitro and in vivo, CCK-8, colony formation, cell apoptosis and subcutaneous tumor model were performed. The co-immunoprecipitation experiment combined with mass spectrometry was conducted to find out the protein interacted with CSE1L. The underlying mechanism was investigated by RNA-seq and Western blot.Results: 7 transportins were over-expressed in NSCLC patients, and higher expression of CSE1L and XPO5 are associated with shorter survival times. CSE1L was a exportin while the role of tumorigenicity in NSCLC remain unknown. Increased expression of CSE1L in tumor tissues associated with shorter survival times and advanced pathological stage of patients with cancer. The gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that CSE1L promoted NSCLC cells proliferation and inhibits cells apoptosis. Additionally, we confirmed that CSE1L interacted with RELA (named as P65), and affected its expression in nucleus. RNA-seq results indicated that CSE1L activated the MAPK signaling pathway in NSCLC cells by increasing activity of P65.Conclusions: We reveal the oncogenic role of CSE1L in NSCLC cancer carcinogenesis. CSE1L promotes proliferation of NSCLC cells by activating the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibiting apoptosis in coordination with P65. Our findings highlight that CSE1L may be a target for the treatment of NSCLC cancer.
Anthropometric Analysis of the Growth Proportions of the Head and Face in Koreans.
Authors: Yeo In-Seung , Park Jung-Ah , Lee Hye-In , Koh Ki-Seok , Song Wu-Chul
Published: December 2020

The present study is to identify primarily the morphological characteristics in the growth proportion of the head and face for young Korean (8~24 years) and compare the magnitude of growth changes to the sex-related differences. Total 1,255 were divided into 3 age groups: childhood (8~10 years), adolescence (14~16 years), and young adult (20~24 years). The anthropometric assessments were performed with 11 landmarks on the head and facial dimensions. The standardized frontal and lateral head and face photographs were analyzed the craniofacial growth proportions and morphological features for the comparison of both sexes. The noteworthy differences of anthropometric measurements between sexes with growing were noted on the lower head height (22.6%, 17.8%), midface height (22.0%, 19.6%), lower face height (23.5%, 14.7%), and face length (21.1%, 14.9%), face breadth (14.8%, 11.3%) of males and females, respectively. Whereas the upper head height (7.9%, 6.0%) and upper face height (4.2%, 0%, respectively) were less growing features. The most remarkable changes are the dimension of midface height and lower face height in both sexes. The present study could demonstrate a fundamental example to elucidate the sex-related dimensional differences for the analysis of the growth proportion of both sexes in Koreans.
Human health risk assessment of screened pesticides residues in two edible fish species of river Ganga, India
Authors: Shah Zeshan , Nengroo Zubair
Published: December 2020

Study was carried out to determine the concentration and bioaccumulation of pesticide residues in edible fish from river Ganga, India, to assess human health risk via consumption of fish. Two commonly edible fish species bagrid catfish and common carp were collected. The n-hexane extract of the muscle tissues were characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and quantified by electron capture detector for pesticide residues. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in common carp of pesticides were found to be higher than those in bagrid fish. Daily exposures of pesticides for consumers via fish consumption were determined by calculating and comparing estimated daily intake (EDI) with ADI values. The EDI results in our study were insignificantly high from ADI values. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were evaluated by Target hazard quotient (THQ) and risk ratio (R), respectively. Hazard quotients (THQ) were found to be lower than the set 1.0, inferring non-carcinogenic risk by consumption of fish from the river. Regard to contaminants carcinogenic affects the total risk ratio (R) value of pesticides were found lower than threshold of tolerable risk except of heptachlor indicating carcinogenic risk via consumption of fish. The results demonstrate that due to increased pollution in the ecosystem required more attention.
A Systematic Review on The Leading Causes of Death Among Under-Five Children in Iran
Authors: Karami Badrye , Abbasi Mahya , Tajvar Maryam
Published: December 2020

Background: Child mortality is one of the most important indicators of population health. No systematic review has explored the leading causes of death among under-five children in Iran. This study reviewed the causes of child death by different age groups on the basis of ICD-10. Methods: A systematic search in seven electronic databases and two search engines of all the studies that identified causes of child mortality in any part of Iran or in the whole country were included, without any restriction of time or language of studies. To identify the studies, a combination of hand searching, gray literatures and bibliographies was also conducted. These sources and citations yielded a total of 817 articles; nevertheless, finally 30 articles fulﬁlled the inclusion criteria, then were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Amongst the 30 studies published between 2000 and 2019 in Iran, 25 studies were cross-sectional and 19 published in Farsi language. Overall, 71244 child deaths in different age ranges were reviewed in this study. The most common causes of “neonatal mortality” were prenatal conditions (57.8%), congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities (17%) and disorders of length of gestation and fetal growth (5.9%). “Infant mortalities” were also mainly happened as a result of congenital malformations (22.8%), remainder of prenatal condition (21.2%) and remainder of diseases of the respiratory system (9%). In the age range of 28 days to 5 years, transport accidents (21.1%), congenital malformations (18.1%) and neoplasms (9.3%) were common leading causes of’ deaths. Overall, certain conditions originating in the perinatal period (29.3%), all other disease (26.1%) and external diseases (5.6%) were the leading cause of death in under-five children. Conclusions: This study, provided an updated summary of evidences on the causes of child death in Iran, which is highly critical for the development of interventions and reduction of the burden of under 5 mortality and morbidities.
The Prevalence of Digestive Tract Defects in China: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Song Fangfang , Chen Jie , Cai Wei
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The prevalence of congenital digestive tract defects among Chinese people is rarely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of digestive tract defects in mainland China and reported the clinical outcomes of these cases. Methods: This research describes a local population-based study of registered births in Jiaxing, China from January 2015 to December 2019. Prevalence estimates (per 10,000 births) of digestive tract malformations were calculated. We used the χ2 test to compare the differences between categorical variables. Results: In this study a total of 76 cases of digestive tract malformations were included. We calculated the following incidence rates per 10,000 births: 1.65 for esophageal atresia; 1.24 for congenital defects of gastric musculature; 2.33 for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis; 3.72 for duodenal and intestinal atresia; 2.25 for congenital malrotation of intestine; 1.45 for Hirschsprung’s disease; 4.75 for anal atresia/stricture; and 1.40 for biliary atresia. There were 31 cases (40.8%) of low birth weight (<2500g), 28 cases (36.8%) were premature births (<37 weeks), and 25 cases (32.9%) had concomitant congenital heart disease. Conclusions: This study estimated the incidence of digestive tract malformations, and the findings may provide a foundation for future epidemiologic studies of these congenital diseases in mainland China. In addition, we found that roughly one third of our subjects with digestive tract defects also had concomitant congenital heart disease, suggesting a link between the two which may warrant further investigation. Moreover, our data will also be helpful in determining the resources needed for basic and public health research into digestive tract malformation in China.
A Nanograting Based Flexible and Stretchable Waveguide for Tactile Sensing
Authors: Peng Wang , Liao Qingxi , Song Han
Published: December 2020

Based on the related characteristics of optical waveguide and flexible optical materials, a flexible and stretchable optical waveguide structure oriented to tactile perception is proposed. The sensing principle of optical waveguide is based on mechanical deformation caused by output light loss. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional optical waveguide devices, which are unable to conform to irregular surface. The flexible and stretchable optical waveguide is fabricated with nanoreplica molding method, and it has been applied to the measurement of pressure and strain in the field of tactile sensing. The flexible and stretchable optical waveguide had a strain detection range of 0 to 12.5%, and the external force detection range is 0 to 23 x 10-3 N.
A Survey on Cell wall Proteins of C. Sinensis Leaf by Combining Cell Wall Proteomic and N-Glycoproteomic Strategy
Authors: liu yanli , Ma Linlong , Cao Dan , Gong Ziming , Fan Jing , Hu Hongju , Jin Xiaofang
Published: December 2020

Background: Camellia sinensis is an important economic crop with fluoride over-accumulation in the leaves, which pose a serious threaten to human health due to its leave being used for making tea. Recently, our study found that cell wall proteins (CWPs) probably play a vital role in fluoride accumulation/detoxification in C. sinensis. However, CWPs identification and characterization were lacking up to now in C. sinensis. Herein, we aimed at characterizing cell wall proteome of C. sinensis leaves, to develop more CWPs related to stress response. A strategy of combined cell wall proteome and N-glycoproteome were employed to investigate CWPs. CWPs were extracted by sequential salt buffers, while N-glycoproteins were enriched by hydrophilic interaction chromatography method using C. sinensis leaves as a material, afterwards all proteins were subjected to qualitative analysis via UPLC-MS/MS.Results: 501 and 195 CWPs were identified by cell wall proteomic and N-glycoproteomics profiling, respectively, with 118 CWPs being in common. Notably, N-glycoproteome is a feasible method for CWPs identification and consequently enhance CWP coverage. Among identified CWPs, proteins acting on cell wall polysaccharides constitute the largest functional group with most of them possibly being involved in the remodeling of cell wall structure. The second abundant group encompass mainly various proteases, being considered to be related to CWPs turnover and maturation. Oxidoreductases represent the third abundance with most of them especially Class III peroxidases being known to be implicated in defense response. As expected, identified CWPs emphasized on plant cell wall formation and defense response.Conclusion: This was the first large scale survey of CWPs by cell wall proteome and N-glycoproteome in C. sinensis. The results not only provides a database that will aid deep research on CWPs, but also improve the understanding underlying cell wall formation and defense response in this important economic specie.
Assessment of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: the Case of Ethiopian Public Health Institute Staff Members
Authors: Geto Zeleke Demissie , Challa Feyissa , Lejisa Tadesse , Getahun Tigist , Sileshi Meron , Negassa Bikila , Tolcha Yosef , Daniel Yeabkal , Getnet Misrak , Molla Meseret Derbew , Degef Maria , Bekele Abebe , Seifu Daniel
Published: December 2020

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly becoming the global cause of premature death encompassing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus. However, early identification of cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population, especially among the high-risk groups has rarely been assessed in Ethiopia.Purpose: The study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases among Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) staff members.Methodology: An institutional-based cross-section study was conducted from March to June 2018 among EPHI staff members. A total of 450 study participants were involved in the study, and the World Health Organization NCD STEPS survey instrument version 3.1 was used for the assessment. The biochemical parameters were analyzed by using COBAS 6000 analyzer. Statistical package for the social science (SPSS) version 20 was used for data analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify associated risk factors. P-value <0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: Based on IDF criteria, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 27.6%. Central obesity, low HDL and hypertension had a prevalence of 80.2%, 41.3%, and 23.6%, respectively. Increasing age and larger body mass index were significantly associated with metabolic syndromes Conclusion: The magnitude of metabolic syndrome was relatively high in the study participants. Preventive intervention measure should be designed on the modification of lifestyle, nutrition and physical activities, and early screening for early identification of cardiometabolic risks factors should be practised to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
A novel molecular classification of diffuse large B cell lymphoma based on Metabolism-related genes
Authors: duan ying , Luo Yanzhen , cen hong
Published: December 2020

Purpose

About 30–40% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse or fail to respond to first-line treatment. The molecular heterogeneity is considered to be the main factor affecting the therapeutic response of DLBCL. The existing classification methods can not fully explain these heterogeneity, so we try to explain DLBCL heterogeneity by defining DLBCL subtypes from the perspective of metabolism.
Methods

In this study, we integrated five DLBCL data sets (GSE10846, GSE11318, GSE53786, GSE87371 and GSE23501) (n = 742) from geo database, screened 106 metabolic related genes (MAD > 0.5, Cox P < 0.001), and identified dlbcl2 subclasses (nmftype1, nmftype2) by non-negative matrix factorization clustering (NMF).
Results

nmftype1 showed low metabolic activity ,while nmftype2 showed high metabolic activity. Compared with the two subtypes of immune infiltration, it was found that nmftype1 was mainly infiltrated by B cells, and nmftype2 was mainly infiltrated by T cells and macrophages, and the high expression of nmftype2 was more in immune checkpoint. The difference of metabolic subtype OS was statistically significant, and the overall survival (OS) of nfmtype1 was worse than that of nmftype2. The combination of metabolic subtypes and ABCGCB subtypes can predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients better than the existing ABCGCB subtypes. Finally, 34 gene classifiers were identified. The consistency results were verified by GSE31312 (n = 470), and a new classification of DLBCL based on metabolic gene expression profile was established.
Conclusions

We have obtained a new DLBCL typing method, which has prognostic significance. It has a certain correlation with immune escape and can guide individualization application of immunotherapy and metabolic therapy.