bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impending Regeneration Failure of the IUCN Vulnerable Borneo Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
Authors: Qie Lan , Elsy Alexander D. , Stumvoll Ashley , Kwasnicka Magdalena , Peel Anna L. , Sullivan Joseph A. , Ettinger Maisie S. , Robertson Alasdair J. , Brisbane Jeanelle K. , Sawyer Amber L. , Lui Yan N. , Ngim Ow Siew , Sebastianelli Matteo , Majcher Bartosz , Duan Muying , Vigus Hannah , Pounsin Grace , Nilus Reuben , Ewers Robert
Published: January 2019

The regeneration of many climax species in tropical forest critically depends on adequate seed dispersal and seedling establishment. Here, we report the decreased abundance and increased spatial aggregation of younger trees of the Borneo ironwood ( Eusideroxylon zwageri) in a protected forest in Sabah Malaysia. We observed a high level of seedling herbivory with strong density dependence, likely exacerbated by local aggregation and contributing to the progressively shrinking size distribution. We also note the largely undocumented selective herbivory by sambar deer on E. zwageri seedlings. This study highlights the combined impact of altered megafauna community on a tree population through interlinked ecological processes and the need for targeted conservation intervention for this iconic tropical tree species.
Duration of anti-tuberculous therapy in children with persistent tuberculomas
Authors: Shah Ira , Shetty Naman S
Published: January 2019

The usual treatment duration of tuberculomas recommended is 1 year. While anti-tuberculous therapy is of absolute necessity for the treatment of central nervous system tuberculosis, no clear guidelines exist regarding the duration of therapy in case of persistent tuberculomas. We present a series of six cases of children with central nervous system tuberculosis who received anti-tuberculous therapy for a period varying between 23 and 32 months depending on the resolution of lesion seen in neuroradiological scans of the patients. Decrease in number and size of granuloma were noted in all patients while one patient showed complete resolution. After stopping anti-tuberculous therapy, the size of the granuloma remained the same, while in one patient an increase was noted. Thus, the duration of anti-tuberculous therapy in patients with tuberculoma may vary and may be required for longer time based on treatment response.
Intravesical BCG: where do we stand? Past, present and future
Authors: Hobbs Catherine , Bass Edward , Crew Jeremy , Mostafid Hugh
Published: January 2019

High and intermediate risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer poses a real challenge for treatment. Approximately 70% of bladder cancer presents as non-muscle invasive and 20–25% will progress to muscle invasive disease. Recurrences occur in up to 70% but treatment options are limited. Intravesical bacillus Calmette–Guérin is still considered the bladder sparing treatment of choice despite its well documented pitfalls. This review considers how bacillus Calmette–Guérin has become the recommended treatment, its benefits and risks and the alternative options for treatment.

Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Suspected adverse drug interaction between spinosad and milbemycin oxime in a cat
Authors: Jenkins Elizabeth L , De Souza Natalie J , Beatty Julia A , Barrs Vanessa RD
Published: January 2019

Case summary

A 12-year-old male neutered Tonkinese cat was presented for acute ataxia, weakness, altered mentation and generalised tremors. The cat had been administered oral spinosad (140 mg; 33.5 mg/kg) 48 h prior to the onset of clinical signs, and an oral anthelmintic containing milbemycin oxime (16 mg; 3.8 mg/kg) and praziquantel (40 mg; 9.6 mg/kg) 12 h before the onset of clinical signs. On physical examination, dull-to-obtunded mentation, tetraparesis, ataxia and mild tremors of facial, limb and trunk muscles were noted. Serum biochemical changes and urinalysis were consistent with haemoconcentration. The results of a complete blood count, urine culture and serology for feline leukaemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and cryptococcal antigen were negative. The patient was monitored in hospital and all clinical signs resolved within 24 h.

Relevance and novel information

The neurological signs in this case were consistent with macrocyclic lactone neurotoxicity, which is suspected to have occurred from an adverse drug interaction between spinosad and milbemycin oxime. This report serves to highlight the potential for this adverse drug interaction between these commonly used prophylactic drugs.
Comparing Platform “Ranking Cultures” Across Languages: The Case of Islam on YouTube in Scandinavia
Authors: Moe Hallvard
Published: January 2019

This article is concerned with how different agencies play out in shaping public debate online and, for this purpose, employs an approach that acknowledges the role not just of algorithms seen in isolation, but in context with users. The empirical case is YouTube video search results related to Islam in Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. As such, the article makes a contribution by adding a comparative layer to the discussion of “ranking cultures,” which has so far focused on individual cases or English-language searches. The analysis is based on a mapping of the highest-ranking videos, as well as a qualitative exploration of these videos’ content and context. Findings illustrate how intricate practices of re-posting and re-framing of videos is key to understand the ways YouTube’s search function contributes to shape the public image of an issue differently in different language areas and social settings. Findings are related to previous studies of immigration coverage in mainstream news media in the case countries. The discussion highlights the merits of the approach, not only for bringing out nuances in how YouTube shape political issues in different contexts but also for pointing to questions of the broader public debate.
The Relationship Between Posting and Photo Manipulation Activities on Social Networking Sites and Internalization of a Tanned Ideal Among Australian Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Mingoia John , Hutchinson Amanda D. , Gleaves David H. , Wilson Carlene
Published: January 2019

We examined whether sharing photos on social networking sites and, in particular, the approach to sharing photos online were associated with internalization of a tanned ideal and appearance comparisons. Adolescents and young adults ( N = 587) completed measures of social networking site use, photo activities, internalization, and appearance comparisons. Regular photo-sharers internalized a tanned ideal to a greater extent and reported engaging in more frequent appearance comparisons to people in media than participants who did not regularly share photos online. Internalization was associated with editing photos prior to posting, whereas appearance comparisons were associated with investment, measured as the concern for the quality and effort expended in selecting photos (e.g., carefully selecting a photo, taking a photo specifically for posting) and editing photos prior to posting. Future interventions to reduce the risk of skin cancer should address users’ investment in the quality of photos they share online and the desire to manipulate photos to adhere to appearance ideals.
Apigenin ameliorates ocular surface lesions in a rat model of dry eye disease
Authors: Liu Limei , Wei Dongdong , Xu Hongkun , Liu Changhui
Published: January 2019

To study the effects of apigenin on dry eye disease (DED) in rats. Rats were divided into six groups: (I) normal control group, (II) DED control group, (III) vehicle control group, (IV) DED + apigenin 10 mg/kg, (V) DED + apigenin 20 mg/kg, and (VI) DED + apigenin 50 mg/kg. Schirmer test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and corneal fluorescein staining were used to evaluate the effects of apigenin on the ocular surface. The related inflammatory cytokines were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological examination and inflammatory index were also performed. The results showed that administration of apigenin was shown a significant effect on the recovery of ocular surface function. Compared to the control group, apigenin treatment in DED rats significantly decreased the level of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); however, the interleukin-10 (IL-10) level was increased. Histopathological examination further verified the anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on DED rats. The results demonstrated that apigenin could protect DED rats via inhibition of inflammation, suggesting that it may have potential as a therapy for DED.
Monocytes-based in vitro assay for a preliminary biocompatibility assessment of blood-contacting devices
Authors: Gemelli Claudia , Grande Alexis , Ferrari Sergio , Tomasi Aldo , Cuoghi Aurora
Published: January 2019

The biological evaluation of biomaterials is currently defined by the ISO-10993 norm in which parts four and five are dedicated to emo-compatibility and cell toxicity, respectively. Our study will provide a novel in vitro experimental approach for the biocompatibility assessment of biomaterials or medical devices using human primary monocytes as cellular model. In these new settings, human monocytes are exposed to a medium containing the extractable compounds derived from materials or devices; subsequently, cell toxicity and pro-inflammatory effects are analysed through MTT assay, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodologies. These experimental procedures offer the advantage to use a human and primary cell context belonging to the immune system, in order to accurately predict the nature of blood/device interaction occurring during a clinical application. To validate the reliability of this method, we also reported a comparative study between two different membranes showing a different level of biocompatibility. On the bases of these data, it is possible to state that this new experimental model represents a good approach to investigate the effects induced by a biomaterial on cell death and inflammation using human, primary monocytes.
Surgical Outcomes of Biventricular Repair for Hypoplastic Left Ventricle With Congenital Mitral Valve Stenosis
Authors: Shimada Masatoshi , Hoashi Takaya , Nakata Tomohiro , Ozawa Hideto , Kurosaki Kenichi , Kitano Masataka , Ichikawa Hajime
Published: January 2019

Objective:

Surgical outcomes of biventricular repair for hearts with hypoplastic left ventricle with congenital mitral valve stenosis are described. Serial changes of left ventricular geometry and clinical features after biventricular repair were reviewed.

Methods:

Eight patients with hypoplastic left ventricle and congenital mitral valve stenosis who underwent first surgical intervention for biventricular circulation in neonatal or infantile period between 2001 and 2014 comprise the study population. Serial change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass index, and relative wall thickness after biventricular repair were evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Results:

The median Z-scores of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and mitral valve diameter before the first surgical intervention were −3.0 (range, −4.8 to −2.0) and −1.0 (−2.9 to 2.1), respectively. Mitral valves were surgically treated in five patients; they were replaced in two and repaired in three patients. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter Z-score at five years after biventricular repair was 0.1 (−3.0 to 1.0), which was significantly larger than before first surgical intervention ( P = .005). Left ventricular mass index, on the other hand, did not change, but relative wall thickness significantly decreased ( P = .009). Postoperative catheter study showed pulmonary hypertension with high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in more than half of survivors.

Conclusions:

Left ventricle increased in size after the biventricular repair with appropriate mitral valve procedures before progression of pulmonary hypertension. Left ventricular mass, however, did not accompany the increase. Some patients may have suffered from mild, but certain restrictive left ventricular physiology and subsequent pulmonary hypertension as the result of abnormal remodeling process of the myocardium.
WJPCHS Presidential Address: Threats to the Continuing Globalization of Early Primary Repair
Authors: Jonas Richard A.
Published: January 2019

The outgoing presidential address presented by the author at the July 2018 meeting of the World Society for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery focuses on forces threatening the movement toward single-stage repair of congenital heart anomalies in the young. Issues that are of particular importance in the United States are challenges in training the next generation of surgeons, an increasing percentage of premature neonates, and the use of data analytics by hospital administration which incentivizes inflation of procedural numbers. However, the most important factor is the ranking of hospitals by the lay press with heavy emphasis on early procedural mortality rather than patient survival. In contrast to current databases used for such rankings, the new World Society database is planning to collect patient admissions rather than procedural number as the key denominator to allow accurate calculation of patient survival. The current heavy weighting of procedural success (ie, early hospital mortality) in establishing rankings of hospitals is encouraging centers to undertake palliative procedures in high-risk patients or avoiding a surgical procedure altogether.
IMPACT Registry and National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative: Contributions to Quality in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Martin Gerard R. , Anderson Jeffrey B. , Vincent Robert N.
Published: January 2019

The IMproving Pediatric and Adult Congenital Treatments (IMPACT) Registry and the National Pediatric Cardiology Quality Improvement Collaborative (NPC-QIC) are two efforts initiated to improve outcomes in the congenital heart disease field. The IMPACT Registry is focused on evaluating the use, risks, adverse events (AEs), and outcomes associated with diagnostic and common interventional catheterization procedures in all children and adults with congenital heart disease. Utilizing a modular approach, the common procedures include diagnostic cardiac catheterization, atrial septal defect device closure, patent ductus arteriosus device closure, pulmonary valvuloplasty, aortic valvuloplasty, balloon and stent angioplasty of coarctation of the aorta, pulmonary artery balloon stent angioplasty, transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement, and electrophysiology procedures including radiofrequency ablation. To date, important observations on the common procedures have been made and a risk stratification methodology has been created to allow comparisons between centers in AEs and quality improvement activity. The registry is open to international participation. The NPC-QIC was developed to reduce mortality and improve the quality of life of infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) during the interstage period between discharge from the Norwood operation and admission for the bidirectional Glenn procedure. Mortality in the interstage has been reduced by 44%. The IMPACT Registry and the NPC-QIC have demonstrated value to the congenital heart disease community. The IMPACT Registry, however, has not yet demonstrated an impact on patient outcomes. The NPC-QIC, which combines both a registry with a learning collaborative with specific aims, key drivers, and change strategies, has made more significant gains with reductions in variation, growth failures, and mortality.
Virtual cystoscopy and colonoscopy to assess deep infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Rault Emmanuel , Philip Charles-André , Cortet Marion , Dubernard Gil
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Faced with a suspicion of endometriosis, transvaginal sonography is the first-line procedure to diagnose deep infiltrating endometriosis.

Methods:

We recently introduced the FlyThru® mode from TOSHIBA aplio 500. With the 3D acquisition (Multiplanar Reconstruction), we can assess the deep invasion of the endometriosis nodule into the digestive and bladder wall and provide a virtual colonoscopy or cystoscopy. The entire wall of the organ can be explored either by starting the animation or by rotating the arrow. The detection threshold can be adjusted manually from 45 to 100 in order to remove any artifacts.

Results:

We reported two deep infiltrating endometriosis nodules explored with FlyThru mode: the first one in the rectum and the second in the bladder. Similar to a colonoscopy, the virtual animation of the FlyThru mode showed the progression into the intestine lumen until the visualization of the bulge of the nodule. Operators can appreciate precisely the location, the degree of stenosis, and the circumferential involvement of the bowel wall. The bulges of the two nodules were also visible into the bladder. The size of the lesions was assessed and related to bladder volume, which represents important preoperative data.

Conclusion:

Three dimensional-transvaginal sonography combined with the FlyThru mode allows the enhanced practitioner to diagnose and assess the invasion of an endometriosis nodule in a single procedure.
Reconstruction with biological methods following intercalary excision of femoral diaphyseal tumors
Authors: Salunke Abhijeet Ashok , Shah Jaymin , Chauhan Tapan Singh , Parmar Rahul , Kumar Ashok , Koyani Himanshu , Garg Nikhil , Bhole Makarand , Merja Manthan , Pandit Jyotindra , Pandya Shashank , Kamani Mayur
Published: January 2019

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess outcomes of biological (nonvascularized fibula grafts and extracorporeal irradiated autologous bone grafts) methods used for reconstruction of intercalary defects after resection of femoral diaphyseal tumors.

Materials and Methods:

This study included 28 patients who had undergone intercalary resection in femoral diaphyseal tumors between 2011 and 2016. The mean follow-up period was 24 months (range 12–57 months).

Results:

The mean union time for diaphyseo-diaphyseal union was 10.5 and 11 months in nonvascularized fibula group and extracorporeal radiotherapy (ECRT) group, respectively. The mean union time for metaphyseo-diaphyseal union was 6.5 months in both nonvascularized fibula and ECRT groups. Six patients had distant metastasis, and one patient had local recurrence. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 28 at the last follow-up. Two patients had surgical site infection in the nonvascularized fibula group. Implant failure was found in one patient of the ECRT group requiring revision surgery. Three patients had nonunion (two from the nonvascularized fibula group and one from the ECRT group).

Conclusion:

The present study indicates that the biological reconstruction modalities provide good functional outcomes in diaphyseal tumors of femur. Nonvasularized fibula and ECRT-treated autografts reconstruction provides good results, and union timing is comparable. The outcomes of the current study are promising as compared to the results in the reviewed literature. The reconstruction method depends on the resources available at the oncological center and the conversance with the method of the treating surgeon.
Memory and Confusion Complaints in Visually Impaired Older Adults: An Understudied Aspect of Well-Being
Authors: Lee Moon Jeong , Varadaraj Varshini , Ramulu Pradeep Y. , Whitson Heather E. , Deal Jennifer A. , Swenor Bonnielin K.
Published: January 2019

Objective: To determine the prevalence of cognitive (memory or confusion) complaints in older adults with visual impairment (VI). Method: We assessed the relationship between VI (corrected visual acuity [VA] < 20/40) and self-reported confusion or problems with memory among participants aged 60 years to 85 years in the 1999-2006 cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( n = 5,795). Prevalence estimates of cognitive complaints were calculated using Current Population Surveys. Results: Memory/confusion complaints were reported in 22% of the VI group and 11% of the no VI group ( p < .001). In individuals aged ≥ 80 years, 30% of those with VI reported cognitive complaints, as compared with 19% with no VI ( p = .003). In fully adjusted models, individuals with VI were more likely (OR = 1.3, p = .049) to report cognitive complaints as compared with those without VI. Conclusion: Subjective reports of memory or confusion are highly prevalent in older individuals with VI.
Vitamin D Levels and Cardiometabolic Markers in Indigenous Argentinean Children Living at Different Altitudes
Authors: Hirschler Valeria , Molinari Claudia , Maccallini Gustavo , Intersimone Patricia , Gonzalez Claudio Daniel
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the association between vitamin D and cardiometabolic markers in 2 indigenous communities from similar ethnic backgrounds, but living at different altitudes. A cross-sectional study compared 152 (72 females) indigenous schoolchildren from San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC), 3750 m above sea level, with 175 (86 females) from Chicoana (CH), 1400 m above sea level, mean age 9 years. Anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, and vitamin D were assessed in spring season. The prevalence of children’s overweight/obesity was significantly lower in SAC, 9.2% (13), than in CH, 41.5% (71). There was a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) in SAC (n = 103, 67.7%) than in CH (n = 62, 36.3%). SAC showed an inverse correlation between vitamin D and insulinemia ( r = −0.17, P < .05), whereas CH showed an inverse correlation between vitamin D and systolic blood pressure ( r = −0.19, P < .05), z-BMI (body mass index; r = −0.25, P < .01), triglycerides ( r = −0.15, P < .05), glucose ( r = −0.35, P < .05), and insulinemia ( r = −0.24, P < .01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that vitamin D (β = −.47; R2 = .21) was significantly associated with SAC location, adjusted for confounding variables. Vitamin D levels were significantly and directly associated with altitude and inversely with metabolic markers, suggesting that populations living at high altitudes are at higher risk for future cardiovascular diseases.
Can a School-Based Intervention Improve the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Brazilian Children?
Authors: Tomazoni F. , Vettore M.V. , Baker S.R. , Ardenghi T.M.
Published: January 2019

Introduction:

Evidence of the effectiveness of oral health promotion strategies among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds is necessary to support the implementation of public health interventions.

Objectives:

This study aimed to test the effectiveness of a school-based intervention to enhance the sense of coherence (SOC) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of socially vulnerable Brazilian children. Furthermore, we explored the pathways by which the intervention may improve OHRQoL and SOC, assessing the direct and indirect pathways among demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, behavioral, and psychosocial variables.

Methods:

In this cluster-randomized trial, 5 primary schools in Brazil were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. The intervention comprised 7 sessions of SOC-based activities over 2 mo, which focused on making the school environment a place to develop children’s SOC through involving teachers, school staff, and children. Trained teachers delivered the intervention. OHRQoL and SOC data were collected at baseline, 2 wk after the intervention, and at 3-mo follow-up.

Results:

Information about oral clinical conditions, socioeconomic status, OHRQoL, and SOC was obtained from 356 children aged 8 to 14 y (165 in the intervention group and 191 in the control group). Children from the SOC-based intervention group reported fewer impacts of their oral health on their daily lives (Child Perceptions Questionnaire mean, 7.22) than those from the control group (9.14). The intervention group also reported greater improvement of SOC at 2 wk (SOC mean, 52.98) and 3 mo (52.75) than the control group (52.21 and 51.65, respectively).

Conclusion:

The intervention was effective in improving SOC and OHRQoL among socially vulnerable Brazilian children. Moreover, SOC was a relevant predictor for oral symptom and functional status in this population (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry RBR-2N9NHJ).

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Clinicians and policy makers can use the results of this study to decide which approach to use when planning public health policy to improve the SOC and OHRQoL of socially vulnerable children. Our findings can assist policy makers in making more appropriate community health decisions in school environments that will improve community empowerment.
Disability, Social Policy and Inclusiveness: The Missing Links
Authors: Pal G. C.
Published: January 2019

Globally, there has been a major shift in the understanding of disability and recognition of rights of persons with disabilities within human diversity. India enacts ‘the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016’ to secure the rights of persons with disabilities. However, the social history of persons with disabilities in India indicates that they continue to face multiple disadvantages despite various legal safeguards and policy frameworks. This article takes an analytical approach to reflect primarily on how social policy processes and other institutional arrangements make the disability issues out of the purview of social recognition for long. Drawing evidence from national legislations and policy frameworks, latest official data on disability and existing literature on various disability issues, the article reveals that social policies in mainstream inclusive discourse have not been able to create a suitable environment for the inclusion of persons with disabilities mainly due to the ‘conspicuous invisibility’ in the realms of laws, development policy, social and institutional practices, official estimates, political dialogue, academic engagements, policy advocacy, community-based rehabilitation, and public support systems. The national level disability inclusive discourse therefore needs to address the issue of invisibility at theoretical, structural, statistical, and programmatic levels to provide a solid knowledge base to build effective interventions within the larger framework of human rights.
Outcomes of Total Shoulder Arthroplasty With Posterior Capsular Plication
Authors: Szolomayer Lauren K , Kuether Justin , Kassam Hafiz F , Mata Fink Ana , Regnell Elsa , Kovacevic David , Blaine Theodore A
Published: January 2019

Background

Glenoid loosening and instability are among the most common complications after anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), resulting in poor function. Posterior instability is one contributing factor. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a series of patients treated with posterior capsule plication for intraoperative posterior instability during TSA. It is hypothesized that patients undergoing this procedure will have improvement in posterior stability intraoperatively while not limiting their ROM postoperatively.

Methods

Patients of the senior author were identified who had undergone TSA with posterior capsule plication from 2014 to 2015 based on Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Their records and preoperative radiographs were retrospectively reviewed for demographic data and preoperative range of motion (ROM) which was documented in the clinic notes. Patients were then evaluated postoperatively to determine the outcomes after TSA with posterior capsule plication. Final follow-up was conducted via telephone survey.

Results

Nineteen patients were identified for review; however, only 14 had all imaging available. The mean age at the time of surgery was 63 years. There were 2 A1, 6 B1, and 6 B2 Walch-type glenoids based on preoperative imaging. All but one had equivalent or better ROM for active forward elevation and external rotation postoperatively. One patient required return to operating room at 5 months after developing adhesive capsulitis.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the use of posterior capsule plication during TSA is a safe method to address posterior subluxation, while still allowing for improved ROM postoperatively.
Diversity and evolution of the transposable element repertoire in arthropods with particular reference to insects
Authors: Petersen Malte , Armisén David , Gibbs Richard A. , Hering Lars , Khila Abderrahman , Mayer Georg , Richards Stephen , Niehuis Oliver , Misof Bernhard
Published: January 2019

Background

Transposable elements (TEs) are a major component of metazoan genomes and are associated with a variety of mechanisms that shape genome architecture and evolution. Despite the ever-growing number of insect genomes sequenced to date, our understanding of the diversity and evolution of insect TEs remains poor.

Results

Here, we present a standardized characterization and an order-level comparison of arthropod TE repertoires, encompassing 62 insect and 11 outgroup species. The insect TE repertoire contains TEs of almost every class previously described, and in some cases even TEs previously reported only from vertebrates and plants. Additionally, we identified a large fraction of unclassifiable TEs. We found high variation in TE content, ranging from less than 6% in the antarctic midge (Diptera), the honey bee and the turnip sawfly (Hymenoptera) to more than 58% in the malaria mosquito (Diptera) and the migratory locust (Orthoptera), and a possible relationship between the content and diversity of TEs and the genome size.

Conclusion

While most insect orders exhibit a characteristic TE composition, we also observed intraordinal differences, e.g., in Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera. Our findings shed light on common patterns and reveal lineage-specific differences in content and evolution of TEs in insects. We anticipate our study to provide the basis for future comparative research on the insect TE repertoire.
Ischemic Preconditioning, O2 Kinetics, and Performance in Normoxia and Hypoxia
Authors: WIGGINS CHAD C. , CONSTANTINI KEREN , PARIS HUNTER L. , MICKLEBOROUGH TIMOTHY D. , CHAPMAN ROBERT F.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) before exercise has been shown to be a novel approach to improve performance in different exercise modes in normoxia (NORM). Few studies have been conducted examining potential mechanisms behind these improvements, and less has been done examining its influence during exercise in hypoxia (HYP). Oxygen uptake and extraction kinetics are factors that have been implicated as possible determinants of cycling performance. We hypothesized that IPC would lead to improvements in oxygen extraction and peripheral blood flow kinetics, and this would translate to improvements in cycling time trial (TT) performance in both NORM and HYP.

Methods

Thirteen men (age, 24 ± 7 yr; V˙O2max, 63.1 ± 5.1 mL·kg−1·min−1) participated in the study. Subjects completed trials of each combination of normobaric HYP (FiO2 = 0.16, simulating ~8000 ft/2500 m) or NORM (FiO2 = 0.21) with preexercise IPC protocol (4 × 5 min at 220 mm Hg) or SHAM procedure. Trials included submaximal constant load cycle exercise bouts (power outputs of 15% below gas exchange threshold, and 85% of V˙O2max), and a 5-km cycling performance TT.

Results

Ischemic preconditioning significantly improved 5-km TT time in NORM by 0.9% ± 1.8% compared with SHAM (IPC, 491.2 ± 35.2 s vs SHAM, 495.9 ± 36.0 s; P < 0.05). Ischemic preconditioning did not alter 5-km TT performance times in HYP (P = 0.231). Ischemic preconditioning did, however, improve tissue oxygen extraction in HYP (deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin: IPC, 21.23 ± 10.95 μM; SHAM, 19.93 ± 9.91 μM; P < 0.05) during moderate-intensity exercise.

Conclusions

Our data confirm that IPC is an effective ergogenic aid for athletes performing 5-km cycling TT bouts in NORM. Ischemic preconditioning did mitigate the declines in tissue oxygen during moderate-intensity exercise in HYP, but this did not translate to a significant effect on mean group performance. These data suggest that IPC may be of benefit for athletes training and competing in NORM.
Relative effectiveness of a full versus reduced version of the ‘Smoke Free’ mobile application for smoking cessation: an exploratory randomised controlled trial
Authors: Crane David , Ubhi Harveen Kaur , Brown Jamie , West Robert
Published: January 2019

Background:Smartphone applications (apps) are popular aids for smoking cessation. Smoke Free is an app that delivers behaviour change techniques used in effective face-to-face behavioural support programmes. The aim of this study was to assess whether the full version of Smoke Free is more effective than the reduced version.

Methods: This was a two-arm exploratory randomised controlled trial. Smokers who downloaded Smoke Free were randomly offered the full or reduced version; 28,112 smokers aged 18+ years who set a quit date were included. The full version provided updates on benefits of abstinence, progress (days smoke free), virtual ‘badges’ and daily ‘missions’ with push notifications aimed at preventing and managing cravings. The reduced version did not include the missions. At baseline the app recorded users’: device type (iPhone or Android), age, sex, daily cigarette consumption, time to first cigarette of the day, and educational level. The primary outcome was self-reported complete abstinence from the quit date in a 3-month follow-up questionnaire delivered via the app. Analyses conducted included logistic regressions of outcome on to app version (full versus reduced) with adjustment for baseline variables using both intention-to-treat/missing-equals smoking (MES) and follow-up-only (FUO) analyses.

Results:The 3-month follow-up rate was 8.5% (n=1,213) for the intervention and 6.5% (n=901) for the control. A total of 234 participants reported not smoking in the intervention versus 124 in the control, representing 1.6% versus 0.9% in the MES analysis and 19.3% versus 13.8% in the FUO analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.90, 95%CI=1.53-2.37 (p<0.001) and 1.50, 95%CI=1.18-1.91 (p<0.001) in the MES and FUO analyses respectively.

Conclusions:Despite very low follow-up rates using in-app follow up, both intention-to-treat/missing equals smoking and follow-up only analyses showed the full version of the Smoke Free app to result in higher self-reported 3-month continuous smoking abstinence rates than the reduced version.
Improve your Galaxy text life: The Query Tabular Tool
Authors: Johnson James E. , Kumar Praveen , Easterly Caleb , Esler Mark , Mehta Subina , Eschenlauer Arthur C. , Hegeman Adrian D. , Jagtap Pratik D. , Griffin Timothy  J.
Published: January 2019

Galaxy provides an accessible platform where multi-step data analysis workflows integrating disparate software can be run, even by researchers with limited programming expertise. Applications of such sophisticated workflows are many, including those which integrate software from different ‘omic domains (e.g. genomics, proteomics, metabolomics). In these complex workflows, intermediate outputs are often generated as tabular text files, which must be transformed into customized formats which are compatible with the next software tools in the pipeline. Consequently, many text manipulation steps are added to an already complex workflow, overly complicating the process. In some cases, limitations to existing text manipulation are such that desired analyses can only be carried out using highly sophisticated processing steps beyond the reach of even advanced users and developers. For users with some SQL knowledge, these text operations could be combined into single, concise query on a relational database. As a solution, we have developed the Query Tabular Galaxy tool, which leverages a SQLite database generated from tabular input data. This database can be queried and manipulated to produce transformed and customized tabular outputs compatible with downstream processing steps. Regular expressions can also be utilized for even more sophisticated manipulations, such as find and replace and other filtering actions. Using several Galaxy-based multi-omic workflows as an example, we demonstrate how the Query Tabular tool dramatically streamlines and simplifies the creation of multi-step analyses, efficiently enabling complicated textual manipulations and processing. This tool should find broad utility for users of the Galaxy platform seeking to develop and use sophisticated workflows involving text manipulation on tabular outputs.
Fish colonization of the artificial reef at Gusung Batu Lampe Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia: a preliminary study
Authors: Suyatna Iwan , Saptura Nova Andika , Eryati Ristiana , Adnan Adnan , Effendi Muchlis , Hanjoko Tedy , Sidik Achmad Syafei
Published: January 2019

Background: Artificial reefs can be utilized as new habitats to restore fish populations in degraded coral reef environments. This study evaluated the restoring ability of the artificial reef set at Gusung Batu Lampe should be investigated by observing the fish population colonizing the reef.

Methods: A fish visual census was applied to identify the species and count their numbers at the site. Underwaterline transect was used to limit the observation area to 200 m2 measured with 50m roll meter. The reef structure comprised 34 tetrahedral concrete blocks arranged in a row, which was 60 cm x 60 cm at the base, 35 cm x 35 cm on top and 60 cm high, and has four holes.  Two scuba divers descended, one to ensure the safety of the divers and the other to observe the fish. Each dive took place over 30–45 minutes, and was conducted at 09:00, 13:00 and 17:00. Surveys were performed four times: in November and December 2016, and in January and July 2017.

Results: Results showed that fish colonization composed of 180 to 283 individual number with taxa between 13 and 25 species.  Number of fish in colonization was found significant difference among observation times, and fish species from the family Chaetodontidae were observed in every survey.

Conclusions: A total of 38 fish species from 16 families were identified colonizing the reef during surveys, and in four month observation the fish colonization size increased from the fish density of 1/4.444 m2 to 1/1.481 m2, confirming the ability of  the reef  to restore fish population.
Factors influencing quality of life (QOL) amongst elderly caregivers of people living with HIV/AIDS in Phayao province, Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Punta Pitakpong , Somrongthong Ratana , Kumar Ramesh
Published: January 2019

Background: There are many impacts on quality of life among elderly people living with HIV patients. This study aimed to assess factors influencing quality of life among elderly people living with HIV/AIDS in a northern province of Thailand.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Phayao province, Thailand. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select study participants. 152 elderly participants aged 60 years and older with a family member living with HIV/AIDS were recruited to the study. They were interviewed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD) questionnaire. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing quality of life among elderly people affected by family member living with HIV/AIDS.

Results: The results of the study showed the mean age of elderly participants was 67.20 + 52 years, most of which were female (97 persons, 63.8%). The mean time taking care of HIV/AIDS patients was 6.61+ 4.96 years. In term of health status among the elderly participants, the majority did not have chronic diseases (61.4%), amongst those with chronic diseases (38.6%), hypertension and diabetes were the most common. The average quality of life score was at a fair level.  The time taking care of HIV/AIDS patients and health status were significant predictors of quality of life among participants 8.1 % (R2=.081; p < .05).

Conclusion: In order to improve quality of life among elderly caregivers to family member living with HIV/AIDS, time taking care of HIV/AIDS patients and health status should be focused on, amongst other factors. Help and support from the government, community, health organizations, academic research, and family members can help improve quality of life amongst the elderly.
Teenage pregnancy in Nigeria: professional nurses and educators’ perspectives
Authors: Akpor Oluwaseyi Abiodun , Thupayagale-Tshweneagae Gloria
Published: January 2019

Background: Teenage pregnancy has been regarded as a negative occurrence in recent times due to its various negative consequences on the overall wellbeing of the teenage mother and her child, the whole family system and the entire community at large. Teenage pregnancy rate is a powerful indicator of the total well-being of a population.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore professional nurses and secondary school teachers’ own perspectives on teenage pregnancy and to ascertain the current teenage pregnancy prevention programmes within the two selected communities in Kwara and Edo states in Nigeria.

Methods: The study was qualitative and contextual with an exploratory strategy. A total of 80 participants, who were professional nurses and secondary school teachers, responded to the semi-structured interview and completed a questionnaire on demographic data. Template analysis style was combined with content analysis for data analysis.

Results: Our findings revealed limited teenage pregnancy prevention initiatives in the communities. The majority of the participants expressed that teenage pregnancy is a common occurrence in their communities, but it is not acceptable. More than half of the participants did not accept the usage of contraceptives by teenagers.

Conclusions: The study identified a number of factors that may influence the rate of teenage pregnancy in the communities. Therefore, strategies to reduce teenage pregnancy should focus on building social capital for teenagers in communities, making information on contraception more accessible and offering programmes that empower girls in the area of sexuality.
Case Report: A rare cause of vaginal bleeding at Keren Zonal Referral Hospital, Eritrea
Authors: Abraha Million , Solomon Shiden
Published: January 2019

Vaginal bleeding due to leech infestation is a very uncommon but important gynaecological problem. This report presents the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented to Keren Regional Referral Hospital, Eritrea, with vaginal bleeding of two and half weeks duration, dizziness and fatigue. On the day of her admission complete blood cell count and speculum exam were done and she was diagnosed with anaemia due to cervical leech infestation. Routine speculum exam for vaginal bleeding is recommended in cases with history of holy water or springs visits to prevent unnecessary diagnostic tests and for rapid management.
What is reproducibility?
Authors: ter Riet Gerben , Storosum Bram W.C. , Zwinderman Aeilko H.
Published: January 2019

The debate on reproducibility in biomedicine will gain precision only if we agree what reproducibility means. Importantly, reproducibility should be distinguished from validity (“truth”). We propose the application of an equivalence trials framework to clarify the concept of reproducibility by changing the (narrow) equivalence zone around a zero difference by a zone of reproducibility around (a) previous finding(s).
Functional Safety as An Integral Part of Engineering Tasks
Authors: Заломнова О. , Zalomnova O.
Published: January 2019

In this paper have been considered the basic terms of functional safety for industrial processes according to GOST R IEC61511–1–2011 «Functional Safety. Safety Instrument Systems for Industrial Processes»: safe and dangerous failures, safety instrumented system, safety instrument function, safety integrity level. The qualitative analysis method — the study of hazard and operability HAZOP using the control words — has been considered. The algorithm for HAZOP carrying out has been presented. Safety integrity levels for low and high intensity of requests have been considered. An example for safety integrity level determination has been depicted.
Information and communication in public administration
Authors: Киселев Александр , Kisyelyev Alyeksandr , Киричёк Петр , Kirichek Petr
Published: January 2019

The scientific publication examines various aspects of the dialectical synthesis of information, communication and management in modern conditions, determines the Genesis of the phenomenon of management information. The essence and properties of the system of public administration carried out in the transforming society are analyzed, the features of personnel policy at the Federal and regional levels are highlighted. Ideological and technological concepts of public administration in the perimeter of reformation transformations of the Russian society are formulated. The role and importance of media-communicative professionalism of employees of the state apparatus as one of the leading bases of efficiency of work of managers is characterized.
Production technology and quality control of nanomaterials and nanostructures
Authors: Капустин Владимир , Kapustin Vladimir , Сигов Александр , Sigov Alyeksandr
Published: January 2019

The training manual contains brief information about the production technologies of nanomaterials and nanostructures, methods for controlling the crystal structure and size of nanocrystallites, methods for controlling the electronic structure and type of chemical bonds in nanomaterials, as well as the type and concentration of point defects in nanomaterials.
Frontoethmoidal Encephalomeningocele Revisited : The Convenience Of Teamwork Approach, A CaseSeries
Authors: Kusumastuti Nadia , Handayani Siti , Hatibie Mendy , Diah Enrina , Bangun Kristaninta
Published: January 2019

Background: Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele (FEEM) is a congenital defect of the skull which poses many problems to the patient as it results in many craniofacial and neural morbidities. While recently surgical correction of this disease is done in a single-stage procedure, many in Indonesia still perform twostage surgery which bears more risks and is technically difficult to achieve good aesthetic results. This case series intend to assess the feasibility and convenience of teamwork approach between plastic surgeon and neurosurgeon in correcting FEEM in a single-stage operation. Methods:We reviewed 8 patients with FEEM treated in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta from November 2005 until March 2010. Four of the cases were secondary cases from Neurosurgery Department, and the other 4 cases were treated in single-stage operation, in teamwork with Neurosurgery Department, using the Chula technique. Results of each surgery was assessed using objective parameters, which are Intercanthal Distance (ICD) and Interorbital Distance (IOD); and also subjective parameters which is aesthetic improvement.Result: All of the patients showed significant improvements in ICD and IOD measurements. No complication was found intra and post-operatively. All patients, especially the ones treated with singlestage surgery show good aesthetic results. Conclusion: To achieve goals of defect correction and aesthetically pleasant appearance, single-stage surgery in teamwork with the neurosurgery department seems to be most suitable and convenient.