bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gibberellins promote polar auxin transport to regulate stem cell fate decisions in cambium
Authors: Mäkilä Riikka , Wybouw Brecht , Smetana Ondřej , Vainio Leo , Solé-Gil Anna , Lyu Munan , Ye Lingling , Wang Xin , Siligato Riccardo , Jenness Mark K. , Murphy Angus S. , Mähönen Ari Pekka
Published: April 2023

Vascular cambium contains bifacial stem cells, which produce secondary xylem to one side and secondary phloem to the other. However, how these fate decisions are regulated is unknown. Here we show that the positioning of an auxin signalling maximum within the cambium determines the fate of stem cell daughters. The position is modulated by gibberellin-regulated, PIN1-dependent polar auxin transport. Gibberellin treatment broadens auxin maximum from the xylem side of the cambium towards the phloem. As a result, xylem-side stem cell daughter preferentially differentiates into xylem, while phloem-side daughter retains stem cell identity. Occasionally, this broadening leads to direct specification of both daughters as xylem, and consequently, adjacent phloem-identity cell reverts to being stem cell. Conversely, reduced gibberellin levels favour specification of phloem-side stem cell daughter as phloem. Together, our data provide a mechanism by which gibberellin regulates the ratio of xylem and phloem production.
Spatial distribution of primary radiation damage in microstructures
Authors: Brand Matthew I. , Obbard Edward G. , Burr Patrick A.
Published: April 2023

The leading theory of primary radiation damage in materials, by Norgett, Robinson, and Torrens (NRT), assumes that materials are homogeneous. This is inadequate for most engineering materials, which have rich microstructures. The lack of alternative theories has led to the widespread assumption that the microstructure only affects defect recombination and not defect production. We extend the NRT formalism to account for microstructural variations and explicitly include the damage caused in a phase by primary knock-on atoms that are produced in another nearby phase. Our approach reveals new insight on the interplay between radiation damage and microstructure, and converges to conventional NRT at suitably large length-scales. Applying it to real two-phase nuclear alloys we discover a reversal of primary radiation damage localisation when grain size is < 1 μm: in some fine-grained superalloys more damage is produced in the matrix than the precipitates, and the opposite is true for coarse-grained superalloys of same composition.
Retrieval practice is costly and is beneficial only when working memory capacity is abundant
Authors: Zheng Yicong , Sun Pengyuan , Liu Xiaonan L.
Published: April 2023

Numerous studies have shown that learned information practiced by testing is better retained than that practiced by restudying (the testing effect). However, results are inconsistent regarding the effect of working memory (WM) capacity on the testing effect. Here, we hypothesize that the effect of WM only emerges when task demands challenge WM capacity. We manipulated WM demands by pretraining 30 undergraduate participants in a multi-session visual search task before an associative learning task involving a test/restudy manipulation. The results revealed that, while participants with higher WM capacity showed a consistent testing effect, the benefit of testing only emerged in participants with lower WM capacity when learning familiar stimuli (low WM demands). We simulated the results using a modified source of activation confusion (SAC) model, which implemented a dual-process account of the testing effect. The results suggested that the testing effect only emerges when WM capacity is adequate for both processes.
Rapid loss of complex polymers and pyrogenic carbon in subsoils under whole-soil warming
Authors: Zosso Cyrill U. , Ofiti Nicholas O. E. , Torn Margaret S. , Wiesenberg Guido L. B. , Schmidt Michael W. I.
Published: April 2023

Subsoils contain more than half of soil organic carbon (SOC) and are expected to experience rapid warming in the coming decades. Yet our understanding of the stability of this vast carbon pool under global warming is uncertain. In particular, the fate of complex molecular structures (polymers) remains debated. Here we show that 4.5 years of whole-soil warming (+4 °C) resulted in less polymeric SOC (sum of specific polymers contributing to SOC) in the warmed subsoil (20–90 cm) relative to control, with no detectable change in topsoil. Warming stimulated the subsoil loss of lignin phenols (−17 ± 0%) derived from woody plant biomass, hydrolysable lipids cutin and suberin, derived from leaf and woody plant biomass (−28 ± 3%), and pyrogenic carbon (−37 ± 8%) produced during incomplete combustion. Given that these compounds have been proposed for long-term carbon sequestration, it is notable that they were rapidly lost in warmed soils. We conclude that complex polymeric carbon in subsoil is vulnerable to decomposition and propose that molecular structure alone may not protect compounds from degradation under future warming.
High-resolution line-scan Brillouin microscopy for live imaging of mechanical properties during embryo development
Authors: Bevilacqua Carlo , Gomez Juan Manuel , Fiuza Ulla-Maj , Chan Chii Jou , Wang Ling , Hambura Sebastian , Eguren Manuel , Ellenberg Jan , Diz-Muñoz Alba , Leptin Maria , Prevedel Robert
Published: April 2023

Brillouin microscopy can assess mechanical properties of biological samples in a three-dimensional (3D), all-optical and hence non-contact fashion, but its weak signals often lead to long imaging times and require an illumination dosage harmful for living organisms. Here, we present a high-resolution line-scanning Brillouin microscope for multiplexed and hence fast 3D imaging of dynamic biological processes with low phototoxicity. The improved background suppression and resolution, in combination with fluorescence light-sheet imaging, enables the visualization of the mechanical properties of cells and tissues over space and time in living organism models such as fruit flies, ascidians and mouse embryos.
Data driven pathway analysis and forecast of global warming and sea level rise
Authors: Song Jiecheng , Tong Guanchao , Chao Jiayou , Chung Jean , Zhang Minghua , Lin Wuyin , Zhang Tao , Bentler Peter M. , Zhu Wei
Published: April 2023

Climate change is a critical issue of our time, and its causes, pathways, and forecasts remain a topic of broader discussion. In this paper, we present a novel data driven pathway analysis framework to identify the key processes behind mean global temperature and sea level rise, and to forecast the magnitude of their increase from the present to 2100. Based on historical data and dynamic statistical modeling alone, we have established the causal pathways that connect increasing greenhouse gas emissions to increasing global mean temperature and sea level, with its intermediate links encompassing humidity, sea ice coverage, and glacier mass, but not for sunspot numbers. Our results indicate that if no action is taken to curb anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the global average temperature would rise to an estimated 3.28 °C (2.46–4.10 °C) above its pre-industrial level while the global sea level would be an estimated 573 mm (474–671 mm) above its 2021 mean by 2100. However, if countries adhere to the greenhouse gas emission regulations outlined in the 2021 United Nations Conference on Climate Change (COP26), the rise in global temperature would lessen to an average increase of 1.88 °C (1.43–2.33 °C) above its pre-industrial level, albeit still higher than the targeted 1.5 °C, while the sea level increase would reduce to 449 mm (389–509 mm) above its 2021 mean by 2100.
Root plasticity: an effective selection technique for identification of drought tolerant maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines
Authors: Wajhat-Un-Nisa  , Sandhu Surinder , Ranjan Rumesh , Sharda Rakesh
Published: April 2023

The decline in tropical maize productivity due to climatic vulnerability is a matter of serious concern as being a food and feed/fodder commodity, it is an important crop for the sustenance of human life. Genetic selections and development of water deficit stress (WDS) tolerant commercial varieties have potential to offset the impact of changing temperatures and precipitation. For trait-specific genetic enhancement, there is a need to understand a suite of adaptation strategies for crop. We studied the response of various shoot and root traits in 71 maize inbreds of diverse origin under simulated sub-optimal water supply controlled conditions, delineated an array of traits which must be considered for selection for WDS and validated the inbreds harbouring tolerance to WDS for selection of authentic donor lines to develop WDS tolerant hybrids. A large data set was limited to uncorrelated traits based on principal component analysis and variability among maize lines was deciphered using heatmap dendrogram. We also reported the relevance of root anatomical plasticity to the inherent potential of lines to combat WDS. We recommend incorporating the changes in number and diameter of xylem and metaxylem under simulated controlled conditions as a part of precise phenotyping for WDS in maize. The study led to identification of WDS tolerant line LM22 in maize.
A novel characterisation protocol of mechanical interactions between the ground and a tibial prosthesis for long jump
Authors: Doyen Élodie , Szmytka Fabien , Semblat Jean-François
Published: April 2023

The mechanical study of Running Specific Prostheses (RSPs) is often limited to the blade. The setup developed and presented herein is a simple experiment, based on a mechanical testing machine and a camera, that assesses two indicators relevant to coaches and athletes in the field of athletics: secant stiffness and energy dissipation. The influence of four parameters on global prosthesis behaviour is evaluated: the load line offset, the prosthesis-ground angle, the sole type and the flooring type. The load line offset and the flooring type have little to no influence on their behaviour. The prosthesis-ground angle impacts the stiffness: an increase in the angle brings a significant decrease in stiffness, which strongly impacts the performance. The type of sole modifies the kinematics of the blade tip’s interaction with the ground. However, this effect is less likely to enhance the sports practice since athletics imposes the use of spikes. The camera images allow assessing the local behaviour of the sole, thus enabling to follow its strain through the compression process.
Diagnostic efficacy of cystatin-c in association with different ACE genes predicting renal insufficiency in T2DM
Authors: Taha Mona Mohamed , Mahdy-Abdallah Heba , Shahy Eman Mohamed , Helmy Mona Adel , ElLaithy Lamia Samir
Published: April 2023

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) seems to be the major cause of chronic kidney disease that may finally lead to End Stage Renal Disease. So, renal function assessment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals is very important. Clearly, DN pathogenesis is multifactorial and different proteins, genes and environmental factors can contribute to the onset of the disease. We assessed sensitive and specific biomarkers (in blood and urine) which can predict kidney disease susceptibility among T2DM patients. Serum cystatin-c (cyst-c) in blood and urinary hemeoxygenase (HO-1) in addition to ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE G2350A genotypes. Hundred and eight T2DM patients and 85 controls were enrolled. Serum cystatin-c and urinary (HO-1) were tested by ELISA. Genetic determination of both ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE G2350A genotypes was performed by PCR for all participants. Significant rise in serum cystatin-c and urinary HO-1 levels were shown in diabetic groups compared with control group. Moreover, GG genotype of ACE G2350A gene in diabetic group was associated with rise in serum cystatin-c and urinary HO-1 compared with control group. Mutant AA genotype demonstrated increase in urinary HO-1. DD polymorphism was associated with rise in serum creatinine and cyst-c in diabetic group. Positive correlation was seen between duration of diabetes and serum cyst-c and between serum glucose and urinary (HO-1) in diabetic group. The results from this study indicated an association of serum cystatin-c with GG genotype of ACE G2350A in conjugation with DD polymorphism of ACE I/D which could be an early predictor of tubular injury in T2DM diabetic patients.
Magnetotelluric support for edge-driven convection and shear-driven upwelling in the Newer Volcanics Province
Authors: Jennings S. , Heinson G. , Hasterok D. , Kay B.
Published: April 2023

Intraplate volcanic provinces present significant natural hazards to many populated regions globally but their origins are poorly understood. Though hypotheses involving mantle plumes are predominant, the Newer Volcanics Province of southeast Australia—a relatively young (< 4.5 Ma), EW trending collection of over 400 volcanic centres—is increasingly attributed to some combination of edge-driven convection (EDC) and shear-driven upwelling (SDU). In this paper, we provide magnetotelluric (MT) data in support of these geodynamic processes. Three-dimensional inversion of 49 new broadband MT sites, in combination with 143 previously collected broadband, long-period, and geomagnetic depth soundings, reveals an elongate zone of moderately low resistivity (∼ 10–300 Ω m) spanning the Mt Gambier subprovince at a depth of between 20 and 40 km. The newly defined Gambier Conductor is contiguous to, and orientationally aligned with, significant step in the seismically-defined lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) presented by earlier studies. Moderately low resistivity is interpreted as fluid-catalysed alteration of iron-bearing crust resulting from percolating magmatic volatiles. We argue that localised low resistivity (< 10 Ω m) at ~ 25 km depth in the mid-lower crust is associated with 1.2–3.6% partial melt. Supporting evidence indicates possible crustal thickening from 5.8 Ma at a rate comparable to estimates of SDU-induced surface eruptions and previous NVP production rate estimates.
Rashba effect on finite temperature magnetotransport in a dissipative quantum dot transistor with electronic and polaronic interactions
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kuntal , Debnath Debika , Chatterjee Ashok
Published: April 2023

The Rashba spin–orbit coupling induced quantum transport through a quantum dot embedded in a two-arm quantum loop of a quantum dot transistor is studied at finite temperature in the presence of electron–phonon and Hubbard interactions, an external magnetic field and quantum dissipation. The Anderson-Holstein-Caldeira-Leggett-Rashba model is used to describe the system and several unitary transformations are employed to decouple some of the interactions and the transport properties are calculated using the Keldysh technique. It is shown that the Rashba coupling alone separates the spin-up and spin-down currents causing zero-field spin-polarization. The gap between the up and down-spin currents and conductances can be changed by tuning the Rashba strength. In the absence of a field, the spin-up and spin-down currents show an opposite behaviour with respect to spin–orbit interaction phase. The spin-polarization increases with increasing electron–phonon interaction at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic field, the tunneling conductance and spin-polarization change differently with the polaronic interaction, spin–orbit interaction and dissipation in different temperature regimes. This study predicts that for a given Rashba strength and magnetic field, the maximum spin-polarization in a quantum dot based device occurs at zero temperature.
The role of INTERCheckWEB digital innovation in supporting polytherapy management
Authors: Foglia Emanuela , Ferrario Lucrezia , Garagiola Elisabetta , Asperti Federica , Mazzone Antonino , Gatti Federico , Varalli Luca , Ponsiglione Cristina , Cannavacciuolo Lorella
Published: April 2023

The study aims at defining the factors affecting the clinicians’ decision of changing or confirming the treatment options for frail patients in polytherapy, supporting prescribing patterns, thus also figuring out if the inclination of the clinicians towards digital solutions (INTERCheckWEB) and specific guidelines, could play a role in their decision. A literature review was performed, revealing the main individual, organizational and decisional factors, impacting on the clinicians’ propensity to change the current patients’ therapy: the clinician perceptions of support in case of clinical guidelines use or INTERCheckWEB use were studied. A qualitative approach was implemented, and thirty-five clinicians completed a questionnaire, aimed at evaluating fifteen different clinical cases, defining if they would change the patient’s current therapy depending on the level of information received. Three methodological approaches were implemented. (1) Bivariate correlations to test the relationships between variables. (2) Hierarchical sequential linear regression model to define the predictors of the clinician propensity to change therapy. (3) Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis—fsQCA, to figure out the combination of variables leading to the outcome. Patient’s age and autonomy (p value = 0.000), as well as clinician’s perception regarding IT ease of use (p value = 0.043) and seniority (p value = 0.009), number of drugs assumed by the patients (p value = 0.000) and number of concomitant diseases (p value = 0.000) are factors influencing a potential change in the current therapy. The fsQCA-crisp confirms that the clinical conditions of the patients are the driving factors that prompt the clinicians towards a therapy change.
Scalable quantum processors empowered by the Fermi scattering of Rydberg electrons
Authors: Khazali Mohammadsadegh , Lechner Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Quantum computing promises exponential speed-up compared to its classical counterpart. While the neutral atom processors are the pioneering platform in terms of scalability, the dipolar Rydberg gates impose the main bottlenecks on the scaling of these devices. This article presents an alternative scheme for neutral atom quantum processing, based on the Fermi scattering of a Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms in spin-dependent lattice geometries. Instead of relying on Rydberg pair-potentials, the interaction is controlled by engineering the electron cloud of a sole Rydberg atom. The present scheme addresses the scaling obstacles in Rydberg processors by exponentially suppressing the population of short-lived states and by operating in ultra-dense atomic lattices. The restoring forces in molecule type Rydberg-Fermi potential preserve the trapping over a long interaction period. Furthermore, the proposed scheme mitigates different competing infidelity criteria, eliminates unwanted cross-talks, and significantly suppresses the operation depth in running complicated quantum algorithms.
A multi-institutional study using artificial intelligence to provide reliable and fair feedback to surgeons
Authors: Kiyasseh Dani , Laca Jasper , Haque Taseen F. , Miles Brian J. , Wagner Christian , Donoho Daniel A. , Anandkumar Animashree , Hung Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

Background

Surgeons who receive reliable feedback on their performance quickly master the skills necessary for surgery. Such performance-based feedback can be provided by a recently-developed artificial intelligence (AI) system that assesses a surgeon’s skills based on a surgical video while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the video most pertinent to the assessment. However, it remains an open question whether these highlights, or explanations, are equally reliable for all surgeons.

Methods

Here, we systematically quantify the reliability of AI-based explanations on surgical videos from three hospitals across two continents by comparing them to explanations generated by humans experts. To improve the reliability of AI-based explanations, we propose the strategy of training with explanations –TWIX –which uses human explanations as supervision to explicitly teach an AI system to highlight important video frames.

Results

We show that while AI-based explanations often align with human explanations, they are not equally reliable for different sub-cohorts of surgeons (e.g., novices vs. experts), a phenomenon we refer to as an explanation bias. We also show that TWIX enhances the reliability of AI-based explanations, mitigates the explanation bias, and improves the performance of AI systems across hospitals. These findings extend to a training environment where medical students can be provided with feedback today.

Conclusions

Our study informs the impending implementation of AI-augmented surgical training and surgeon credentialing programs, and contributes to the safe and fair democratization of surgery.
O-, N- and C-bicyclopentylation using thianthrenium reagents
Authors: Alvarez Eva Maria , Bai Zibo , Pandit Saikat , Frank Nils , Torkowski Luca , Ritter Tobias
Published: April 2023

Rigid 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are linear bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug development and can lead to an improved pharmacokinetic profile. The construction of BCPs commonly requires the cumbersome use of labile [1.1.1]propellane in solution, and more stable reagents do not show the versatile reactivity of propellane itself. Here we report stable thianthrenium-based BCP reagents for practical O-, N- and C-alkylation reactions that expand the scope of bicyclopentylation beyond that of any other reagent, including [1.1.1]propellane. The redox and stereoelectronic properties of the thianthrene scaffold are relevant for both the synthesis of the BCP-thianthrenium reagents via strain release as well as their subsequent reactivity. The weak exocyclic C–S bond can undergo selective mesolytic cleavage upon single-electron reduction to produce BCP radicals that engage in transition metal-mediated C–O, C–N and C–C bond formations, even at a late stage of multistep reactions with a wide variety of functional groups present.
Successful batch and continuous lyophilization of mRNA LNP formulations depend on cryoprotectants and ionizable lipids
Authors: Lamoot Alexander , Lammens Joris , De Lombaerde Emily , Zhong Zifu , Gontsarik Mark , Chen Yong , De Beer Thomas R. M. , De Geest Bruno G.
Published: April 2023

Lyophilization of mRNA LNP formulations enables ambient storage of mRNA LNP in dry state.
Organometallic anti-tumor agents: targeting from biomolecules to dynamic bioprocesses
Authors: Peng Kun , Zheng Yue , Xia Wei , Mao Zong-Wan
Published: April 2023

Organometallics act through specific biomolecular targets or tumor homeostasis perturbation to induce various cell death pathways.
20S-Protopanaxatriol improves cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease by promoting endogenous neurogenesis
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Yang Xuehan , Liu Jingyue , Song Jiayi , Zhang Siwei , Chen Li , Zhang Ming
Published: April 2023

20S-protopanaxatriol (PPT) might be a potential candidate to treat Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline via enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
Ginseng and “Shanghuo” (fireness): a comprehensive review from the viewpoints of TCM theory and modern science
Authors: Tan Jiaqi , Zhang Hongmei , Zhang Li , Xu Hongxi
Published: April 2023

Long-term or excessive use of ginseng may affect energy and fluid metabolism and lead to disorders in various bodily systems that cause the symptoms of "Shanghuo."
Multi-enzyme mimics – cracking the code of subcellular cascade reactions and their potential biological applications
Authors: Sahar Shafaq , Sun Shichao , Zeb Akif , Jin Lulu , Gao Yong , Tian Liangfei , Wang Wei , Xu An-Wu , Mao Zhengwei
Published: April 2023

The cascade-like cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and consumption by various nanomaterials to mimic multiple natural enzymes depending on the reaction conditions and environmental stimuli.
Scalable hybrid deep neural networks/polarizable potentials biomolecular simulations including long-range effects
Authors: Jaffrelot Inizan Théo , Plé Thomas , Adjoua Olivier , Ren Pengyu , Gökcan Hatice , Isayev Olexandr , Lagardère Louis , Piquemal Jean-Philip
Published: April 2023

Deep-HP is a scalable extension of the Tinker-HP multi-GPU molecular dynamics (MD) package enabling the use of Pytorch/TensorFlow Deep Neural Network (DNN) models.
A bottom-up fabrication for sulphur (S), nitrogen (N) co-doped two-dimensional microporous carbon nanosheets for high-performance supercapacitors and H2, CO2 storage
Authors: Panda Prajnashree , Barman Sudip
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) carbon sheets with sub-nanometer pore-rich microporous morphology and an understanding of the structure–performance relationship are important to develop an advanced device for supercapacitors and gas adsorption.
Advancements in organic and inorganic shell materials for the preparation of microencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications
Authors: Maiti Tushar Kanti , Dixit Prakhar , Suhag Amit , Bhushan Sakchi , Yadav Aparna , Talapatra Namita , Chattopadhyay Sujay
Published: April 2023

The current generation is looking for new materials and technology to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, exploring sustainable energy sources to maintain the future energy demand and supply.
Water-actuated reversible shape-memory polydimethylsiloxane for potential biomedical applications
Authors: Sha Wenjing , Zhao Junge , Zhou Yannong , Xia Jiangnan , Yuan Ming , Zhang Ningning , Zhao Huaixia , Wang Yangxin
Published: April 2023

A water-actuated reversible shape-memory polydimethylsiloxane for potential biomedical application is fabricated by introducing highly hygroscopic salts into the dynamic micro-creases within the matrix during the fabrication of the specimen.
Tuning the LUMO levels of non-fullerene acceptorsviaextension of π-conjugated cores for organic solar cells
Authors: Song Kyu Chan , Kim Byeong Jin , Sung Woong , Han Se Gyo , Chung Sein , Lee Jaewon , Cho Kilwon
Published: April 2023

The extended π-conjugated cores in the order of BT-4F, DTBT-4F and BTST-4F in non-fused-ring electron acceptors increased the LUMO levels in the extended order.
Endogenous stimulus-controlled estradiol@AIEgen-based covalent organic framework for reduction of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Yuan Fang , Zhang Cuiling , Luo Xianzhu , Shen Xiaokun , Xian Yuezhong
Published: April 2023

An ATP stimulus-responsive COF-based drug-delivery system was developed using tDNA as nanogates for controllable estradiol release and the treatment of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
New bis[cis-{MoO2}] complexes with dihydrazone ligands: synthesis, characterization, theoretical investigation and their peroxidase mimicking activity
Authors: Rana Lata , Dheeraj  , Hundal Geeta
Published: April 2023

Three dihydrazone-derived binuclear dioxidomolybdenum complexes are synthesised, and their peroxidase mimicking activities with pyrogallol and dopamine are reported using H2O2as an oxidant.
Visible-light-mediated β-acylative divergent alkene difunctionalization with Katritzky salt/CO2
Authors: Nandi Shantanu , Das Pritha , Das Subhodeep , Mondal Shuvam , Jana Ranjan
Published: April 2023

Photoredox-catalyzed, divergent acylative-benzylation and acylative-carboxylation of alkenes are achievedviathe radical–radical/radical–polar crossover pathway respectively with benzyl radicals and CO2following decarboxylation from ketocarboxylic acids.
Biological evaluation of novel amidino substituted coumarin-benzazole hybrids as promising therapeutic agents
Authors: Beč Anja , Racané Livio , Žonja Lucija , Persoons Leentje , Daelemans Dirk , Starčević Kristina , Vianello Robert , Hranjec Marijana
Published: April 2023

Herein we present the design and the synthesis of novel substituted coumarin–benzimidazole/benzothiazole hybrids bearing a cyclic amidino group on the benzazole core as biologically active agents.
What transcriptomics and proteomics can tell us about a high borate perturbed boron tolerant Bacilli strain
Authors: Sen Subhajit , Ganguli Sriradha , Chakraborty Ranadhir
Published: April 2023

A variety of genes work together to allow the bacterium Lysinibacillus sp. OL1 to survive and grow under B-stress circumstances.
Enabling quantitative analysis of complex polymer blends by infrared nanospectroscopy and isotopic deuteration
Authors: Prine Nathaniel , Cao Zhiqiang , Zhang Song , Li Tianyu , Do Changwoo , Hong Kunlun , Cardinal Camille , Thornell Travis L. , Morgan Sarah E. , Gu Xiaodan
Published: April 2023

Atomic-force microscopy coupled with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) deciphers surface morphology of thin-film polymer blends and composites by simultaneously mapping physical topography and chemical composition.
Ethylene polymerization using heterogeneous multinuclear nickel catalysts supported by a crosslinked alpha diimine ligand network
Authors: Turney Keaton M. , Kaewdeewong Parin , Eagan James M.
Published: April 2023

A crosslinked alpha diimine ligand supporting a nickel metal center polymerizes ethylene to produce polyethylene with controlled microstructures, high activities, and can be removed from the product.
Introducing anthracene and amino groups into Ln-OFs for the photoreduction of Cr(vi) without additional photosensitizers or cocatalysts
Authors: Guo Wenxiao , Wang Shufang , Hao Hongguo , Kong Xiangjin , Yan Hui , Zhu Hongjie , Li Yunwu , Zhou Huawei , Zhong Dichang , Dai Fangna
Published: April 2023

The stable LCUH-100 was designed and synthesized, by incorporating chromophores into lanthanide MOFs, as a high-efficiency photocatalyst, which can rapidly and efficiently reduce Cr(vi) under visible-light irradiation and has good cycle stability.
Accelerated rates of proton coupled electron transfer to oxygen deficient polyoxovanadate–alkoxide clusters
Authors: Cooney Shannon E. , Schreiber Eric , Brennessel William W. , Matson Ellen M.
Published: April 2023

The rate of O-atom defect formation on a reduced POV-alkoxide via PCET is accelerated despite weakened surface O–H bonds. Increased electron density and terminal VO basicity break classical driving force/rate scaling relationships.
Highly efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis using superhydrophobic nanoporous silver
Authors: Qi Yating , Yang Ming , Zhao Tian-En , Tang Guorui , He Hongming , Sun Hongming , Yang Yijie , Li Cheng-Peng
Published: April 2023

This work presents a unique electrocatalyst of superhydrophobic nanoporous silver, achieving superior ENRR enhancement with high faradaic efficiency of 31.1%.
Gold(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with tunable electronic properties for sensitive colorimetric detection of glutathione
Authors: Zhang Yi-Fan , Li Xin , Zhang Heng , Wang Xi-Qiang , Sun Li-Ying , Duan Xiang-Long , Han Ying-Feng
Published: April 2023

The Au(i)–NHC complex 1 with strong electron-withdrawing nitro groups exhibited superior peroxidase-like activity, which catalyzed TMB + H2O2system is designed for sensitive detection of GSH with a low detection limit of 0.14 μM.
Effectiveness of particulate nature of matter (PNM)-based intervention studies in improving academic performance: a meta-analysis study
Authors: Çalik Muammer , Ültay Neslihan , Bağ Hasan , Ayas Alipaşa
Published: April 2023

Through a meta-analysis, this study examines how effective particulate nature of matter (PNM)-based intervention studies are at improving academic performance. Well-known databases (e.g., ERIC, Springer Link, Taylor & Francis, and ScienceDirect) were used to look for the PNM-based intervention studies via specific keyword patterns. Also, a manual search of related journals and dissertations was conducted to find any missing papers. Subsequently, this meta-analysis included 66 papers (44 dissertations, 21 articles, and one proceeding) published from 1992 to 2022. All statistical data from the papers were initially inserted into an Excel sheet and then imported into comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) statistics software to calculate Hedges’ g values. The findings indicated that the overall effect-size for the random-effects model was 0.90, which means that the PNM-based intervention studies have a large effect for academic performance. Furthermore, it was revealed that moderator variables, namely educational level and type of intervention, positively affected participants’ PNM-based academic performance (p < 0.05). In light of the findings, it can be concluded that the PNM-based intervention studies are effective at improving the participants’ academic performance. Moreover, given the findings regarding educational level, it can be deduced that K–8 students are able to learn the fundamental features or dimensions of the PNM. Since the meta-analysis includes few extreme values, further research should be undertaken to test the effectiveness of the intervention types on academic performance. Furthermore, the current study excluded a notable number of papers because they lacked sufficient data; therefore, science researchers should take care to include sufficient data or effect-size value for their papers to facilitate dissemination, generalization and comparison of their results.
Quantitative matching of crystal structures to experimental powder diffractograms
Authors: Mayo R. Alex , Marczenko Katherine M. , Johnson Erin R.
Published: April 2023

The variable-cell experimental powder difference (VC-xPWDF) method allows rapid screening of both experimental and in silico generated crystal structures to identify matches to experimental powder X-ray diffractograms of unknown polymorphs.
Genuine quadruple bonds between two main-group atoms. Chemical bonding in AeF− (Ae = Be–Ba) and isoelectronic EF (E = B–Tl) and the particular role of d orbitals in covalent interactions of heavier alkaline-earth atoms
Authors: Liu Ruiqin , Qin Lei , Zhang Zhaoyin , Zhao Lili , Sagan Filip , Mitoraj Mariusz , Frenking Gernot
Published: April 2023

The chemical bonds in the group-2 fluoride anions AeF− (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba) have four polarized bonding orbitals, namely two occupied σ orbitals and a pair of occupied degenerate π orbitals with sd-hybridized atomic orbitals of the atoms Ae.
Phase evolution and fluorescence stability of CsPb2Br5 microwires and their application in stable and sensitive photodetectors
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wei Jinwei , Lv Mingjie , Rong Youzhuang , Wang Changmin , Liu Yao , Wei Gongxiang , Han Xin , Wang Yuzhu , Liu Yunyan , Liu Huiqiang
Published: April 2023

CsPb2Br5 microwires were prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly two-step method. The fluorescence lifetime of microwires and the characteristics of CsPb2Br5 based photodetectors were studied.
Mitochondrial DNA as inflammatory DAMP: a warning of an aging immune system?
Authors: Zanini Giada , Selleri Valentina , Lopez Domenech Sandra , Malerba Mara , Nasi Milena , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Pinti Marcello
Published: April 2023

Senescence of the immune system is characterized by a state of chronic, subclinical, low-grade inflammation termed ‘inflammaging', with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, both at the tissue and systemic levels. Age-related inflammation can be mainly driven by self-molecules with immunostimulant properties, named Damage/death Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), released by dead, dying, injured cells or aged cells. Mitochondria are an important source of DAMPs, including mitochondrial DNA — the small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule found in multiple copies in the organelle. mtDNA can be sensed by at least three molecules: the Toll-like receptor 9, the NLRP3 inflammasomes, and the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS). All these sensors can lead to the release of proinflammatory cytokines when engaged. The release of mtDNA by damaged or necrotic cells has been observed in several pathological conditions, often aggravating the course of the disease. Several lines of evidence indicate that the impairment of mtDNA quality control and of the organelle homeostasis associated with aging determines an increase in the leakage of mtDNA from the organelle to the cytosol, from the cell to the extracellular space, and into plasma. This phenomenon, mirrored by an increase in mtDNA circulating levels in elderly people, can lead to the activation of different innate immune cell types, sustaining the chronic inflammatory status that is characteristic of aging.
Electromagnetic field calculation and analysis of short primary linear induction motor for electromagnetic launch
Authors: Huang Chuibing , Mao Yinhao , Sun Zhaolong , Li Wei , Yi Xianglie
Published: April 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the electromagnetic field spatial distribution and longitudinal end effect characteristics of short primary linear induction motor (SPLIM) in the field of electromagnetic launch. First, in accordance to the electromagnetic model assumption of SPLIM and one‐dimensional electromagnetic field theory, the analytical expression of the whole‐region magnetic flux density of air‐gap is derived using electromagnetic field boundary conditions in line with the actual physical meaning. Second, the finite element method used in comparing the analytical calculation values of key physical quantities, such as air‐gap flux density and secondary eddy current in a multidimensional manner under various static and dynamic working conditions and verifying the correctness of the analytical calculation of the electromagnetic field. On this basis, the air‐gap flux density of SPLIM is decomposed according to the different generation mechanisms, and the spatial distribution of each part of the flux density is studied. Spatial Fourier analysis of flux density is conducted, the end effect coefficient is defined, and the change rule of the end effect coefficient with the design parameters of the motor is studied. Finally, a megawatt‐class high thrust prototype test platform was built, and the measured electromagnetic force was compared with the electromagnetic force calculated by air gap magnetic field and secondary eddy current. The steady‐state error of the two was less than 2%, which verified the accuracy of the analysis and calculation.
Impact of the tyre dynamics on autonomous vehicle path following control with front wheel steering and differential motor torque
Authors: Zhou Shilei , Tian Yang , Walker Paul , Zhang Nong
Published: April 2023

This paper investigates the impact of tyre dynamics on autonomous vehicle dynamic control. The commonly used 2 degrees of freedom bicycle model and a detailed vehicle model considering tyre dynamics are built, respectively, to describe the vehicle dynamics. The two models are firstly compared with the response to front wheel steering input and differential motor torque input. The transient vehicle body vibrations are clearly demonstrated by the detailed model but overlooked by the bicycle model. The influence of tyre nonlinearity on path offset is also revealed. Then, the path following control strategy is designed based on the linear quadratic regulator control to compare the two models from the path following performance perspective. The double lane change simulation is conducted. The results show that at low vehicle speed, the path following errors of two models are very close, which proves the rationality of using the bicycle model to represent the vehicle dynamics in mild and moderate driving conditions. However, when the path following is conducted with high vehicle speed, the required lateral tyre force is large, so the tyres work with large slip angles and the tyre nonlinearity generates significant deviation on the path following errors between the two models.
Polarimetry of the potential binary supermassive black hole system in J1430+2303
Authors: Marin F. , Hutsemékers D. , Liodakis I. , Antonucci R. , Mandarakas N. , Lindfors E. , Blinov D. , Barnouin T. , Savić D.
Published: April 2023

Context. The growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) through merging has long been predicted but its detection remains elusive. However, a promising target has been discovered in the Seyfert-1 galaxy J1430+2303, where two SMBHs may be about to merge.

Aims. If a binary system truly lies at the center of J1430+2303, the usual symmetry expected from pole-on views in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) responsible for the observed low (≤1%) optical linear polarization in the continuum of these objects is expected to be broken. This should lead to higher-than-usual polarization degrees, together with time-dependent variations of the polarization signal.

Methods. We used the specialized photopolarimeters RoboPol mounted on the 1.3 m telescope at the Skinakas Observatory and the Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (ALFOSC) mounted on the 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at the “Roque de los Muchachos” Observatory to measure the B-, V-, R-, and I-band polarization of J1430+2303. Observations were complemented using the FORS2 spectropolarimeter mounted on the VLT to acquire 3500−8650 Å polarized spectra. We compared our set of observations to Monte Carlo radiative-transfer predictions to look for the presence of a SMBH binary.

Results. The observed linear continuum polarization of J1430+2303 in the V and R bands is ∼0.4% with an associated polarization angle of slightly larger than 0°. We detected no significant changes in polarization or photometry between May, June, and July of 2022. In addition, there is no significant difference between the polarization of Hα and the polarization of the continuum. A single SMBH at the center of an AGN model is able to reproduce the observed spectrum and polarization, while the binary hypothesis is rejected with a probability of ∼85%.

Conclusions. The low degree of continuum polarization, the lack of variability in photometry and polarization over three months, and the absence of Hα polarization different than that of the continuum tend to indicate that J1430+2303 is a standard Seyfert-1 AGN whose nuclear inclination is 24−31° according to our model.
57-jährige Patientin mit Blasen und striatiformen Erythemen an den Extremitäten
Authors: Münchhoff-Barker Christina , Elsner Peter , Tittelbach Jörg
Published: April 2023

Anamnese Bei einer 57-jährigen Patientin traten nach wiederholter Gartenarbeit schmerzhafte Hautveränderungen auf. Bei der Vorstellung in der zentralen Notaufnahme zeigten sich Bullae, Striae und Erytheme an den lichtexponierten Arealen.

Untersuchungen und Diagnose Laborchemisch zeigten sich leicht erhöhte
Entzündungswerte. Die körperliche Untersuchung zeigte keine weiteren Besonderheiten. Es
erfolgte die Übernahme durch die Dermatologie des Universitätsklinikums Jena. Aufgrund der
Anamnese und des klinischen Befundes wurde die Diagnose Dermatitis bullosa pratensis
(Wiesengräserdermatitis) gestellt.

Therapie und Verlauf Es erfolgte neben lokaler Therapie mit Glukokortikosteroiden und sterilem Punktieren der Blasen eine intravenöse Therapie mit Prednisolon.

Folgerung Dermatitis bullosa pratensis gehört zu den photophytotoxischen Dermatitiden und wird durch die Kombination von Photosensibilisatoren und ultraviolettem Licht ausgelöst. Es ist von Bedeutung, sich bei Kontakt mit Pflanzen, die Photosensibilisatoren enthalten, vor UV-Licht ausreichend zu schützen. Das Krankheitsbild ist leicht zu vermeiden, umso wichtiger ist es, das Risiko zu kennen und die notwendigen Schutzmaßnahmen einzuhalten.
Editorial
Authors: Swart Enno , Gothe Holger , Ihle Peter
Published: April 2023

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

nach gut einem Jahr können wir nun das zweite AGENS-Supplement der GESU
vorlegen. Auch dieses Heft ist durch eine Vielfalt von methodischen und inhaltlichen
Beiträgen gekennzeichnet, die die Breite des Handwerkszeugs und der
Anwendungsgebiete der Sekundärdatenanalyse zeigen. Nach Berichten vom
vergangenen, erneut digitalen, AGENS-Methodenworkshop im Februar 2022 und einem
Sachstandsbericht aus einer AGENS-Projektgruppe zur wissenschaftlichen Nutzung von
PKV-Leistungsdaten folgen acht Beiträge zur Nutzung von
Sekundärdaten, GKV-Daten und anderen Datenquellen, in verschiedenen
Anwendungskontexten. Abschließend werden in einem Positionspapier
Überlegungen zur künftigen Ausgestaltung des sich im Aufbau
befindenden Forschungsdatenzentrums Gesundheit präsentiert.
Gesunder Planet – gesunde Menschen – Health for Future
Authors: Zisowsky Jana , Hagemeier Lea , Amrhein Nadja , Rangnow Pia
Published: April 2023

Seit 2022 existiert die AG ErgoLogoPhysio der Organisation Health for Future. Ihr Ziel: Heilmittelerbringende bundesweit für das Thema Umwelt- und Klimakrise sensibilisieren und zu einem Umdenken hinsichtlich der Planetaren Gesundheit anregen.
Results of Unilateral Lateral Rectus Recession Surgery in 15 – 30 PD Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Ucar Fikret , Savas Cemil , Ture Huseyin
Published: April 2023

Purpose To evaluate the surgical outcomes of unilateral lateral rectus muscle recession (ULR) with low surgical dosage in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) of 15 – 30 prism dioptres (PD).

Methods We retrospectively analysed 92 eyes of 92 patients who underwent ULR surgery with the diagnosis of IXT of 15 – 30 PD at distance fixation between January 2017 and June 2019. ULR surgery of 6.5 mm was performed for exotropia of 15 – 20 PD, 7.5 mm for that of 20 – 25 PD, and 8.5 mm for that of 25 – 30 PD and postoperative results were evaluated at the 1st week, 1st month, 6th month, and the 2nd year. Orthophoria or IXT less than 10 PD was accepted as successful.

Results The mean preoperative deviation angle at distance was 22.3 ± 4.4 PD. Mean postoperative deviation angles at distance were 2.5 ± 1.7, 3.9 ± 2.4, 6.5 ± 3.0, and 8.7 ± 3.1 at 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 2 years, respectively. The surgical success rate of ULR was 100, 96.7, 84.7, and 77.1% at the 1st week, 1st month, 6th month, and the 2nd year, respectively. In the long-term results, there were no complications such as lateral gaze incomitance, overcorrection, or deterioration in stereopsis.

Conclusion Using the ULR technique, we were able to obtain effective surgical results in IXT with less surgical dosage and without any serious complications. ULR surgery can be used as an effective method in patients with IXT of 15 – 30 PD.
Das Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit – Bisherige
Entwicklungen und zukünftige Schritte
Authors: Ihle Peter , Schneider Katharina , Heß Steffen
Published: April 2023

Routinedaten der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung sind inzwischen ein fester
Bestandteil in der medizinischen Forschung geworden und werden zukünftig im
Forschungsdatenzentrum (FDZ) Gesundheit einem breiten Nutzerkreis bereitgestellt
1. In einem jüngst erschienenen
Buchbeitrag „Das Forschungsdatenzentrum Gesundheit – Routinedaten
der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung für die Gesundheits- und
Versorgungsforschung“ 2 wird die
Erfolgsstory dieser Datenquelle und deren Nutzbarmachung historisch nachgezeichnet.
Der nachfolgende Beitrag fasst die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Publikation
zusammen.