bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asijské umění a umělecké řemeslo ve sbírce Západočeského muzea v Plzni
Authors: Mleziva Jindřich
Published: November 2020

The collection of the West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen includes significant examples of artworks and decorative arts from Asia. The history of this collection dates back to the last quarter of the 19th century, when these items were a part of a collection of the West Bohemian Museum of Decorative Arts in Pilsen. The first director of the museum, architect Josef Škorpil (1856–1931), contributed to the creation of the decorative arts collection and the acquisition of objects from the Far and Middle East. Thanks to its acquisition activities throughout Europe, a significant decorative arts collection was established in Pilsen. Its importance goes beyond the Pilsen region. The concept of creating this collection was in accordance with the emergence of decorative arts museums in Europe. The collection, together with the Asian objects, was presented to the public as a part of an exposition opened in 1913. Today, the Asian collection consists of Chinese and Korean objects, mainly ceramics and porcelain, as well as exceptionally well-preserved textiles from the late Qing Dynasty. The Japanese portable Buddhist altar zushi or a set of Japanese woodblock prints of the ukiyo-e style are among the most unique acquisitions. A relatively modest set of items from the Middle East includes typical examples of decorative arts from Iran, Turkey or Syria. The objects are still a popular subject of research and have also become a part of the new decorative arts permanent exhibition of the museum that was opened in 2017.
Zpráva z muzeologického semináře Muzeum a etika
Authors: Smidová Michaela
Published: November 2020

The Masaryk Museum in Hodonín organises a bi-annual seminar focused on the current issues of museology. In 2019, the topic of the seminar was the role and the importance of ethics in museums. Various aspects of the topic were discussed, many of which were deemed controversial or previously unopened in the Czech community of museum professionals and academics.
Bifurcated synthesis of methylene-lactone- and methylene-lactam-fused spirolactams via electrophilic amide allylation of γ-phenylthio-functionalized γ-lactams
Authors: Sengoku Tetsuya , Makino Koki , Iijima Ayumi , Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Yoda Hidemi
Published: November 2020

New synthetic methods for spirolactams bearing an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone or its analogous methylene-lactam have been developed. The allylation of γ-phenylthio-functionalized γ-lactams with 2-(acetoxy)methyl acrylamides was accomplished by using 2.5 equivalents of NaH to give the corresponding adducts in excellent yields. The remaining phenylthio group was substituted with a hydroxy group by treatment with CuBr, and the resulting γ-hydroxyamides were cyclized under acidic conditions to afford the corresponding methylene-lactam-fused spirolactams in high yields. On the other hand, methylene-lactone-fused spirolactams could be delivered from the allyl adducts in high yields through a sequential N-Boc protection/desulfinative lactonization.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Showroom Lestari Mobilindo
Authors: SIHOTANG ARGA CHRISTIAN
Published: November 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kepuasan karyawan pada Showroom lestari mobilindo Palembang. Penelitian ini berlokasi pada Showroom Lestari Mobilindo Palembang yang terletak di Jalan jenderal sudirman. Peelitian mulai dilakukan sejak Januari 2020. populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan Showroom lestari Mobilindo Palembang yang berjumlah 163 orang.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pengembangan karir berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada Showroom Lestari Mobilindo Palembang.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSECURE ATTACHMENT PATTERNS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF GENERAL CAUSALITY ORIENTATIONS
Authors: Şen Gamze , Dağ İhsan
Published: November 2020

The main aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of general causality orientations within Self Determination Theory in the relationship between adult attachment styles and various psychopathological symptoms (depression, OCD symptomology, and general psychological symptoms). Total 750 participants were consisted of 558 female and 192 male. Results of a mediation analysis demonstrated that: autonomy orientation have shown positive effect to statistically significant predictors for various psychopathological symptoms, but having impersonal orientations have shown negative effect. Control orientations have negative effect to statistically significant predictors only for OCD symptomology. Different level causality orientations for each individual was found to be suited for the role of partial mediation this relation, and autonomy orientation was found to have more positive roles than control and impersonal orientations. This relationship is differential with respect to gender effect and anxious or avoidant attachment patterns.
REVIEW OF THE BOOK “THE MEANING OF LIFE” WRITTEN BY PROF. RUMEN STAMATOV, D.SC.
Authors: Mavrodiev Stoil
Published: November 2020

The review of the book "The Meaning of Life" presents a theoretical study conducted by Rumen Stamatov, dedicated to one of the most complex constructs in psychology. The question of the meaning of life is posed in the field of existential and positive psychology. The author accepts that the understanding of the question of meaning can be represented by four separate questions: Why should I live?; What to do with the rest of my life ?; What meaning can I draw from my past life ?; What could be different in my life? These questions reveal different perspectives in which the problem of meaning arises. The book is perhaps the most in-depth study of these issues written by a Bulgarian author.
REVIEW OF THE BOOK “PSYCHO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NUTRITION AND EATING DISORDERS” WRITTEN BY TSVETELINA HADZHIEVA
Authors: Angelova Natasha Virmozelova
Published: November 2020

This review presents the book “Psycho-social aspects of nutrition and eating disorders,” whose author is Tsvetelina Hadzhieva,Ph.D. The proposed book treats issues related to nutrition and eating disorders and the relationship they have with the culture and society. The review reflects the structure of the book in accordance with the information of each chapter. The review ends with a positive appraisal.
European Rail Traffic Management System – An Overview
Authors: Abed Sajed
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to give an overview of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) which is currently being implemented in Europe and other parts of the world. It provides some background on this system, the objectives behind the development of the ERTMS, its architecture, different application levels of the ERTMS and brief information on its implementation in Europe and worldwide. The paper assumes the readers have a little or no knowledge of the ERTMS.
MEVLÂNÂ’NIN ŞİİRİNDE BİR İLETİŞİM YÖNTEMİ OLARAK SESSİZLİK
Authors: ABDOLLAHİFARD Pouneh , TÜRKBEN AYDIN Funda
Published: November 2020

Tasavvufi gelenekte şair kimliğiyle de iyi bilinen Mevlânâ Celaleddîn Rum󠆼î’nin şiirleri, didaktik unsurları da içinde barındıran oldukça geniş bir muhtevaya sahiptir. Tasavvuf dünyasına ait edebî eserlerde çoğunlukla eğitim ve öğretimi amaçlayan öğüt içerikli hikâyeler bulunmaktadır. Sözlü iletişim aracı olarak kullanılan bu hikâyelerin yanı sıra kimi zaman sessizlik ve duraklamalar da bir iletişim ve eğitim aracı olarak eserlerde kullanılmaktadır. Çok yönlü bir şair olan ve eğitmen kimliğiyle de bilinen Mevlânâ, kaleme aldığı eserlerinde çoğunlukla ahlâkî ve tasavvufî öğretilere yer vermiştir. Eserlerinde yer verdiği pek çok önemli hasletten biri de sessizliktir. Çünkü ona göre sessizlik, söz ve sözlü iletişimden çok daha değerlidir. Şair, sessizliği etkili bir iletişim aracı olarak görmektedir. Mevlânâ’nın şiirinde bir iletişim biçimi olarak sessizlik, söz ile aktarması mümkün olmayan ve tarif edilemeyen anlamı ifade etme yöntemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu tür sessizlik biçimi sözcüklerden daha fazla anlam ifade eden, daha etkili ve daha derin bir ifade biçimidir. Bu çalışmada Mevlânâ’nın eserlerinde sıklıkla başvurduğu iletişimsel sessizlik, beyit örnekleriyle açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
TEKSTİL TARİHİ BAĞLAMINDA HİNT GELENEKSEL GİYSİSİ SAREE (SARİ) ÜZERİNE KÜLTÜREL BİR ANALİZ
Authors: OSKAY Nazan
Published: November 2020

Toplumların kültürel kimlik özelliklerinin yansımasında en geniş verileri barındıran üretim alanlarından biri tekstil olmuştur. Tekstil işlevsel amaçlı üretilirken, üreten toplumun kültürel özellikleri dokuma malzemesine, motiflerine, rengine ve kullanım formuna yansımıştır. Veriler geniş bir analizle anlamlandırıldığında, insanlığın tarih boyunca kendisini tekstil malzemesinde ifade ettiği kolayca fark edilmektedir.
Araştırmanın veri analizinde, uzun tarihsel geçmişe dayanan tekstil üretim ve tasarımlarıyla, tarih boyunca çok sayıda toplumun ilgisini üzerinde toplayıp, onları etkileyen Hint Uygarlığı seçilmiştir. Zengin bir tekstil geleneğine sahip olan Hindistan, geleneksel giysisi saree (sari) üretim süreçleri ve ürün bağlamında kültürel kimlik kodlarının kaydedildiği veri alanı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Günümüzde de kültürel geçmişin izlerini taşıması bakımından orijinalliğini korumayı başarmış olan saree (sari) geleneği, pamuk ve ipek ipliklerin coğrafyaya özgü tekniklerle dokunmasında elde edilen olağan üstü estetik başarısını, özel anlamlar yüklenmiş renk ilişkileri ve desenler ile bütünleyerek kültürel değerini yapılandırmıştır.
Hindistan tekstil tarihini ve dokuma örneklerini içeren literatür araştırması sonucu elde edilen verilerin, kültürel kimlik bağlamında yorumlanmasını kapsayan bu çalışmada tüm tarihsel dönemlere değinme olanağı bulunamadığı için günümüze ulaşan üretimi ve tasarımı sürdürülen örneklerin ele alınması amaçlanmıştır.
A Mini-Neptune and a Radius Valley Planet Orbiting the Nearby M2 Dwarf TOI-1266 in Its Venus Zone: Validation with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder
Authors: Stefánsson Guðmundur , Kopparapu Ravi , Lin Andrea , Mahadevan Suvrath , Cañas Caleb I. , Kanodia Shubham , Ninan Joe P. , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , Hebb Leslie , Wisniewski John , Gupta Arvind , Everett Mark , Bender Chad F. , Diddams Scott A. , Ford Eric B. , Fredrick Connor , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Levi Eric , Maney Marissa , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Robertson Paul , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C. , Wright Jason T.
Published: November 2020

We report on the validation of two planets orbiting the nearby (36 pc) M2 dwarf TOI-1266 observed by the TESS mission. This system is one of a few M dwarf multiplanet systems with close-in planets where the inner planet is substantially larger than the outer planet. The inner planet is sub-Neptune-sized (R = 2.46 ± 0.08 R
⊕) with an orbital period of 10.9 days, while the outer planet has a radius of

R
⊕ and resides in the exoplanet radius valley—the transition region between rocky and gaseous planets. With an orbital period of 18.8 days, the outer planet receives an insolation flux of 2.4 times that of Earth, similar to the insolation of Venus. Using precision near-infrared radial velocities with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder Spectrograph, we place upper mass limits of 15.9 and 6.4 M
⊕ at 95% confidence for the inner and outer planet, respectively. A more precise mass constraint of both planets, achievable with current radial velocity instruments given the host star brightness (V = 12.9, J = 9.7), will yield further insights into the dominant processes sculpting the exoplanet radius valley.
The End of Galaxy Surveys
Authors: Rhodes Jason D. , Huff Eric , Masters Daniel , Nierenberg Anna
Published: November 2020

For nearly a century, imaging and spectroscopic surveys of galaxies have given us information about the contents of the universe. We attempt to define the logical end point of such surveys by defining not the next galaxy survey but rather the final galaxy survey at near-infrared wavelengths; this would be the galaxy survey that exhausts the information content useful for addressing extant questions. Such a survey would require incredible advances in a number of technologies, and the survey details will depend on the as yet poorly constrained properties of the earliest galaxies. Using an exposure time calculator, we define nominal surveys for extracting the useful information for three science cases: dark energy cosmology, galaxy evolution, and supernovae (SN). We define scaling relations that trade off sky background, telescope aperture, and focal plane size to allow for a survey of a given depth over a given area. For optimistic assumptions, a 280 m telescope with a marginally resolved focal plane of 20 deg2 operating at L2 could potentially exhaust the cosmological information content of galaxies in a 10 yr survey. For galaxy evolution (making use of gravitational lensing to magnify the earliest galaxies) and SN, the same telescope would suffice. We discuss the technological advances needed to complete the last galaxy survey. While the final galaxy survey remains well outside of our technical reach today, we present scaling relations that show how we can progress toward the goal of exhausting the information content encoded in the shapes, positions, and colors of galaxies.
Scalar Dissonance and the Analysis of Polytonal/Modal Mismatch in Twentieth-Century Music
Authors: Martins José Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Cet article s’appuie sur les intuitions et points de vue du début du siècle – notamment ceux de Milhaud (1923), Koechlin (1924), Casella (1924) et Bártok (1943) – relatifs à la polytonalité/polymodalité, comprise comme une modulation simultanée et une dissonance en couches superposées. Sur ces bases est introduite la notion de dissonance scalaire comme modèle analytique qui cerne les interactions à plusieurs niveaux entre les échelles. Ce modèle établit un cadre conceptuel et une représentation graphique qui portent sur la structure musicale combinée et qui s’inspirent de l’analogie avec la théorie de la dissonance métrique. Le cadre conceptuel ainsi établi sert de principe régulateur à l’interprétation des rapports d’échelle. La dissonance scalaire permet de mesurer le degré d’inadéquation ou de frottement ainsi que le degré de porosité/perméabilité entre des fragments d’échelles distincts. L’approche analytique se distingue des autres moyens d’étude théoriques des échelles, comme par exemple la conduite des voix. Elle pose les fondements d’une stratégie d’écoute qui favorise la réorientation perceptive entre les couches. À travers l’étude de l’interaction des couches et de la syntaxe dans la musique de Milhaud, Bartók et Ravel, elle constitue enfin la base d’une appréhension expérimentale des textures contrapuntiques de la polytonalité.
Véhémence et discrétion : la musique de film selon Roland-Manuel
Authors: Rossi Jérôme
Published: November 2020

Roland-Manuel est associé au septième art dès les débuts du cinéma parlant. Seul ou avec un autre compositeur, il signe les partitions d’une trentaine de films, comprenant longs et court-métrages, documentaires et publicités. Tant dans ses collaborations avec Jean Grémillon qu’avec d’autres réalisateurs (Jacques de Baroncelli, Henri Decoin, Léo Joannon, Maurice Tourneur), Roland-Manuel propose une musique de film à la fois discrète et véhémente. Contrairement à Arthur Honegger qui privilégie des formes musicales autonomes constituant une sorte de discours parallèle à la narration à l’écran, Roland-Manuel développe une approche plus cinématographique dans une recherche de complémentarité avec l’image, érodant les frontières entre musique populaire et musique savante, entre voix parlée et voix chantée, entre bruits et musiques. À travers l’analyse de quelques cas précis, cette étude vise à établir l’importance de Roland-Manuel dans l’élaboration d’une musique spécifiquement conçue pour l’écran, rôle que l’historiographie a eu tendance à attribuer au seul Maurice Jaubert.
Innovation et agilité - identification de stratégies de déploiement pour le développement des PME
Authors: Muller Laurent , Moya Carlos , Carmago Mauricio , Gouttes Stéphane
Published: November 2020

La performance des PME résulte aujourd’hui de deux nécessités : développer de nouveaux produits et services (innover) pour se positionner sur un marché et augmenter l’efficience des processus (être agile) pour être rentable. Nous proposons ici d’étudier les liens entre l’innovation, en termes de développement de nouveaux produits ou services, et l’agilité qui découle d’une démarche Lean Six Sigma. En s’appuyant sur deux référentiels d’évaluation de la capacité à innover et à déployer le lean six sigma, que nous avons confrontés, nous souhaitons déterminer comment ces deux approches agissent l’une sur l’autre et ainsi aider les dirigeants de PME à prioriser leur démarche de développement. Les résultats ont mis en évidence un rôle plus fort de l’innovation sur l’agilité. Les analyses ont également permis de dégager deux aspects très influents : la centration client et l’amélioration permanente des processus d’innovation.
Blockchain & supply chain: towards an innovative supply chain design
Authors: Verny Jérôme , Oulmakki Ouail , Cabo Xavier , Roussel Damien
Published: November 2020

La blockchain est une technologie « peer-to-peer » qui enregistre de manière sécurisée et immuable les transactions entre les parties dans des blocs. La blockchain est supposée fournir un environnement fiable et transparent où les intermédiaires qui étaient historiquement nécessaires pour valider et enregistrer les transactions ne sont plus nécessaires dans un monde de plus digitalisé. La blockchain a divers domaines d’application en supply chain. Récemment, de nombreux projets de blockchain ont vu le jour dans le monde notamment en Europe et en Amérique du Nord. Dans cet article, nous présentons l’état de l’art sur potentiel de la blockchain à disrupter les modèles logistiques actuels. Nous illustrons son application actuelle dans le secteur de l’industrie et le commerce de détail. Nous proposons une approche originale basée sur un modèle de jeu en ligne en cours de développement et proposant un scénario de simulation pour tester et apprendre comment la technologie blockchain peut affecter l’efficacité de la supply chain.
Las actuales modalidades de gestión en el trabajo como política de subjetivación. Desafíos para la psicodinámica del trabajo
Authors: Ros Cecilia
Published: November 2020

Les modalités de gestion du travail à cette étape du capitalisme actuel impliquent à la fois une reformulation du travail et du sujet. La prétendue « gestion managériale » a introduit une véritable politique de subjectivation sur la base du développement de dispositifs dont le but est l’intensification de l’engagement subjectif dans l’activité professionnelle en même temps que dans la prise de responsabilité individuelle sur la propre employabilité. L’objectif est de rendre invisible le rapport entre, d’un côté, des modes de production et des modèles de gestion du travail et, de l’autre, les conditions d’accès et de permanence dans le marché de travail, ainsi que leurs conséquences sur la dynamique plaisir-souffrance. Parmi les mécanismes que les formes actuelles d’organisation du travail mettent en pratique, nous analyserons la fonction performative et autodisciplinante des systèmes d’évaluation et la gestion des émotions dans un groupe de travailleurs en Argentine – avec l’objectif de nous interroger et les interroger depuis la perspective de la psychodynamique du travail.
Les nouveaux visages de la précarisation du travail au Québec et au Canada : les risques de penser la raréfaction de la main-d’œuvre sans penser le travail
Authors: St-Arnaud Louise , Giguère Émilie
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente une analyse et une discussion des enjeux humains et politiques des nouveaux visages de la précarisation du travail au Québec et au Canada. Entre, d’un côté, l’augmentation du chômage et de la précarisation du travail et, de l’autre, la pénurie de la main-d’œuvre et les stratégies de recrutement, se cachent deux faces de la même pièce, régie par des pouvoirs publics qui n’arrivent pas à prendre en compte la question de la centralité du travail et des enjeux du travail « indésirable ». Ces enjeux du travail ne sont pas sans conséquence sur les processus d’insertion, d’intégration et de maintien en emploi des travailleuses et travailleurs. Ces réalités sont d’autant plus importantes à considérer face aux nouvelles réalités des marchés et des transformations du travail générées à la suite de la pandémie de la C ovid -19.
Organicité et imagicité
Authors: Eisenstein Sergueï Mikhaïlovitch
Published: November 2020

L’intérêt d’Eisenstein pour William Hogarth (1697-1794), peintre, graveur, essayiste anglais, auteur de satires en image fustigeant les mœurs de la société britannique, ses « pièces morales », date de 1917 et ne se dément pas, évoluant de son œuvre artistique à sa théorie esthétique exprimée dans son livre l’Analyse de la beauté. Hogarth y affirme l’importance de la ligne ondulée ou serpentine, la « ligne de beauté ». Passionné par toutes les doctrines et les pratiques fondées sur le dynamisme, le mouvement, Eisenstein s’y réfère dès sa période théâtrale et de plus en plus dans son enseignement au VGIK comme en témoigne ce texte inédit en français de 1934 et il ne cessera de le faire jusque dans ses Notes pour Histoire générale du cinéma (1947). « Cette ligne doit devenir un élément du culte esthétique », écrit-il, maintenant que les religions sont repoussées par les arts, « les emblèmes symboliques et cultuels passent dans l’arsenal des principaux canons et moyens d’influence esthétiques ». Il en fait « la représentation graphique du caractère même de la dynamique de l’action » et « l’“image” graphique de l’un des processus essentiels du devenir et du mouvement de l’ordre naturel », du processus de croissance et du mouvement organique (il y a un continuum entre ligne serpentine, spirale logarithmique, Nautilus, phyllotaxie, Yin et Yang...), autant dire de la dialectique telle que formalisée par Friedrich Engels dans l’Anti-Dühring et qu’il explorera dans Méthode, son dernier grand essai inachevé.
3-Methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one and the Douglas-fir beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): history of successful bark beetle pheromone treatments
Authors: Ross Darrell W.
Published: November 2020

This paper reviews the literature on the identification of 3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (MCH) as the antiaggregation pheromone of the Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugaeHopkins) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and the development of successful management applications using the pheromone. Previously unpublished data from two studies on novel uses of MCH are included. The successful development of antiaggregation pheromone-based treatments for the Douglas-fir beetle is discussed in relation to efforts to develop similar treatments for other bark beetle species, and opportunities for future research on MCH and the Douglas-fir beetle are suggested.
Control of B Cell Lymphoma by Gammaherpesvirus-Induced Memory CD8 T Cells
Authors: Preiss Nicholas K. , Kang Taewook , Usherwood Young-Kwang , Huang Yina H. , Branchini Bruce R. , Usherwood Edward J.
Published: November 2020

Persistent infection with gammaherpesviruses (γHV) can cause lymphomagenesis in immunocompromised patients. Murine γHV-68 (MHV-68) is an important tool for understanding immune factors contributing to γHV control; however, modeling control of γHV-associated lymphomagenesis has been challenging. Current model systems require very long incubation times or severe immune suppression, and tumor penetrance is low. In this report, we describe the generation of a B cell lymphoma on the C57BL/6 background, which is driven by the Myc oncogene and expresses an immunodominant CD8 T cell epitope from MHV-68. We determined MHV-68–specific CD8 T cells in latently infected mice use either IFN-γ or perforin/granzyme to control γHV-associated lymphoma, but perforin/granzyme is a more potent effector mechanism for lymphoma control than IFN-γ. Consistent with previous reports, CD4-depleted mice lost control of virus replication in persistently infected mice. However, control of lymphoma remained intact in the absence of CD4 T cells. Collectively, these data show the mechanisms of T cell control of B cell lymphoma in γHV-infected mice overlap with those necessary for control of virus replication, but there are also important differences. This study establishes a tool for further dissecting immune surveillance against, and optimizing adoptive T cell therapies for, γHV-associated lymphomas.
Tupaia OASL1 Promotes Cellular Antiviral Immune Responses by Recruiting MDA5 to MAVS
Authors: Yao Yu-Lin , Yu Dandan , Xu Ling , Gu Tianle , Li Yu , Zheng Xiao , Bi Rui , Yao Yong-Gang
Published: November 2020

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a key cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor. Upon binding to invading viral RNA, activated MDA5 is recruited to mitochondria and interacts with mitochondrial antiviral signaling gene (MAVS) to initiate innate antiviral immune responses. The elegant regulation of this process remains elusive. In this study, using the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis), which is genetically close to primates, we identified the Tupaia oligoadenylate synthetases-like 1 (tOASL1) as a positive regulator of the Tupaia MDA5 (tMDA5) and Tupaia MAVS (tMAVS)–mediated IFN signaling. Overexpression of tOASL1 significantly potentiated the RNA virus-triggered induction of the type I IFNs and downstream antiviral genes. Conversely, knockdown of tOASL1 had an impaired antiviral immune response. Mechanistically, tOASL1 was associated with mitochondria and directly interacted with tMDA5 and tMAVS. Upon RNA virus infection, tOASL1 enhanced the interaction between tMDA5 and tMAVS via its OAS and UBL domains. Our results revealed a novel mechanism by which tOASL1 contributes to host antiviral responses via enhancing tMDA5 and tMAVS interaction.
Wireless sensor network to identify the reduction of meteorological gradients in greenhouse in subtropical conditions
Authors: Queiroz Zorzeto Cesar Thais , Ademar Martins Leal Paulo , Carvalho Branquinho Omar , Moura Miranda Felipe Antonio
Published: November 2020

Spatial and temporal monitoring of temperature and relative humidity is essential for greenhouse management, therefore, wireless sensor networks (WSN) can offer crucial advantages. The objective of this work was to use a WSN to characterize and map the horizontal and vertical variability of air temperature and relative humidity inside a greenhouse using five different configurations. The configurations were based on combinations between the following actuating mechanisms: i) mechanical ventilation (by two exhaust fans); ii) natural ventilation (through the roof vent openings); iii) shading through the use of thermo-reflective screen. The WSN was designed with 45 spatially distributed measuring points, and the air temperature and relative humidity were recorded automatically every 30 seconds, for ten consecutive days, for each configuration. Our results show that the horizontal and vertical homogeneity of the meteorological elements depends on the actuating mechanism used in the greenhouse. Mechanical ventilation approximated the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor and outdoor air, with a homogeneous horizontal distribution throughout the environment. Opening the roof vent reduced vertical gradients of temperature and relative humidity. Our observations also showed that the combination of the use of roof vent openings with mechanical ventilation is an effective way to achieve horizontal homogeneity of meteorological elements.
Optimal management of children on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in primary care: a quality improvement project
Authors: Van Deventer Claire , Golden Lauren , Du Plessis Erica , Lion-Cachet Carien
Published: November 2020

Introduction: With the large volumes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients in South Africa, one clinical management strategy has been to task shift. This means that previously hospi-centric HIV services have devolved to primary health care (PHC) clinics. The referral pattern is true for paediatric patients as well. With the added complexity of managing children, there was a concern in the research district that children were not being optimally managed at PHC level.

Method: A quality improvement project was initiated to assess HIV-positive children’s management at PHC clinics and to implement an intervention to improve this care.

Results: The initial audits of 624 children in the district revealed that only 66.6% of children had undetectable viral loads (VLs). Other poor indicators were lack of regular blood results, omission of prophylactic isoniazide (INH) and cotrimoxazole etc. Documents were disorganised and not standard across the district. The intervention sought to place the local clinic doctor as the champion in each clinic. A reorganised file was planned where all the care elements would be clearly present.

Conclusion: Post intervention, it was clear that where individual doctors took on the challenge of quality improvement there were significant process changes. Results are discussed in detail.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1254928
Perceptions of students regarding the effects of the implementation of the tobacco control act of 1999 on a South African University campus
Authors: Khan Muhamed Waseem , Hira Varsha , Haffejee Firoza
Published: November 2020

Background: Smoking among adolescents is high. In order to curb the habit, restrictions on use of tobacco products in public places were implemented in South Africa. This study aimed to explore students’ perceptions of whether the implementation of smoking restrictions and no-smoking signs have had any effects on smoking behaviours on campus.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted amongst university students, who completed a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: Students were aware that smoking causes disease and that second-hand smoke is dangerous. The majority were pleased that there was a smoking regulation in effect, but disagreed that it created a healthier atmosphere. Many would like a total ban enforced in restaurants, clubs, bars and university campuses. They felt that there were insufficient non-smoking signs in public areas. Many smokers stated that they ignored regulations and only a minority stated that the policy encouraged smokers to quit.

Conclusion: Smoking among students has decreased over the years. This has been accompanied by an increase in knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking. Regulations have thus had a positive effect; however, additional efforts are required to motivate more people to quit smoking altogether and to prevent young people from taking up the habit.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1254930
Pattern of intimate partner violence disclosure among pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in Oyo East Local Government, Nigeria
Authors: Ayodapo Abayomi Olusola , Sekoni Olutoyin O , Asuzu Michael C
Published: November 2020

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health problem. Despite being a phenomenon that occurs globally, few studies have reviewed the issue of intimate partner violence among pregnant women as it relates to disclosure of abuse. This study sets out to determine the prevalence and pattern of disclosure of intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Oyo East Local Government of Oyo State.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among pregnant women aged 18–49 years. A total of 350 pregnant women in the sole secondary health care facility and 3 out of the 18 primary health care facilities randomly selected by balloting were consecutively recruited. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the WHO Multi-Country Study on Women’s Health and Domestic Violence was used to collect data. Data were analysed with SPSS® version 16.

Results: Of 252 (72.0%) women who had been exposed to violence by their partner in pregnancy, 72 (28.6%) disclosed their IPV experience. The experience was disclosed to relatives, friends and religious leaders. Of the 72 that disclosed their IPV experience, 31 (43.1%) reported for the purpose of seeking redress through religious or local leaders, healthcare professionals and law enforcement agencies.

Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is common among pregnant women, but a culture of silence still persists, making identification of the exposed difficult. These data may encourage healthcare providers to include screening for IPV in the curriculum of the antenatal care.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272245
An evaluation of the use of the South African Triage Scale in an urban district hospital in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Soogun Sunday , Naidoo Mergan , Naidoo Kantharuben
Published: November 2020

Background: Emergency centres in South Africa are among the busiest in the world and serve as entry points for hospital care for most of the population. The South African Triage Scale (SATS) is a validated tool introduced nationally in 2006 and intended to increase the efficiency of emergency centres through a process of prioritisation of the severely ill patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the SATS in a busy urban district hospital in Durban, South Africa.

Methods: A chart review of triaged patients was performed. The hospital uses a one-page SATS sheet and manages both medical and surgical patients. The triage history, physiological parameters, application of discriminator lists, final triage code and outcome was audited and compared with findings from the patients’ clinical records.

Results: The mean triage early warning score was 1.50 (95% CI 1–2) and average time to treatment was 59 min (95% CI 51–67). Essential bedside investigations were missing on some very ill patients, there was poor documentation in many fields and confirmed time to treatment was within recommended timescales for only 48% of patients. Use of the discriminator list resulted in over-triage of 66.7% and an under-triage of 14%. Some 76% of patients were discharged from the emergency centre, 15% were admitted and 5.5% were transferred out.

Conclusion: Nurse-led triage has been successfully implemented at the emergency centre of this hospital using SATS but some notable gaps were identified.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1307908
An overview of the management of muscle pain and injuries
Authors: Babarinde Oyetola , Ismail Halima , Schellack Natalie
Published: November 2020

Sport injuries and muscle pain can occur as a result of engagement in exercise and or organized sporting activities. These injuries affect all age groups and gender. The most common types of sporting activities known to cause these injuries include jogging, cycling, volleyball, swimming and heavy weight lifting. Lack of warm-ups before participating in sporting activity, overtraining and or excessive exposure to these physical activities may increase risk of causing injuries. These factors are categorized as extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors that may lead to sport injuries or may precipitate these injuries are age, previous injuries and level of flexibility. The most common type of injuries seen are sprains and strains. These injuries are accompanied with pain, swelling and redness of injured area. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological management are available for the effective management of these injuries. Pain may vary from mild to severe depending on the severity of injury. These varying types of pain can be managed optimally using non-narcotics such as paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen. When pain is categorized as moderated to severe, narcotics may be prescribed and administered.
Negotiating With The Angry Patient
Authors: Ellis Chris
Published: November 2020

For several years, I was the managing partner of a large general practice clinic. It is an interesting position to occupy in this 21st century of zero tolerance. Expectations are high and delivery is often slow. There is a general increase of complaints against doctors and services and the phenomenon of the angry dissatisfied patient has arisen in the last few decades, so I found myself working as the designated complaints department.
Restoring the Architecture: A Rapid Clinical Perspective on Bone-Mineral Density and Osteoporosis
Authors: Brand Linda , Wolmarans De Wet
Published: November 2020

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition that contributes to the risk of fracture in both women and men. The current paper will provide a rapid clinical overview of the condition and the current pharmacotherapeutic approaches applied in its treatment. We close with a summary of novel treatment strategies currently being developed and explain the role of sequential combination therapy in the management of established osteoporosis.
Family medicine in South Africa: exploring future scenarios
Authors: Mash Robert , Von Pressentin Klaus
Published: November 2020

This paper reports on a workshop held at the 19th National Family Practitioners Conference in August 2016. The aim of the workshop was to describe possible future scenarios for the discipline of family medicine in South Africa and identify possible options for action. The workshop led a group of 40 family physicians from academic, public and private sector settings through a scenario planning process developed by Clem Sunter and Chantell Ilbury. After an overview of the current situation the participants reached a consensus on the rules of the game, key uncertainties, future scenarios and options for action. The main message was that the South African Academy of Family Physicians as a professional body needs to take a stronger role in advocating for the contribution of family medicine to government, health managers and the public.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272231
A study of the knowledge and practice of lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middelburg sub-district of Mpumalanga
Authors: Umeh Andrew Ekene , Nkombua Lushiku
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common clinical conditions seen by family physicians in their daily practice. They are constantly confronted with the burden of caring for poorly controlled and poorly adherent patients presenting with preventable debilitating, disabling and mutilating complications. Lifestyle modifications in combination with medications have been proven to contribute to the prevention and delay of complications.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the knowledge and practice of lifestyle modifications and also to determine challenges faced by patients in their practice of lifestyle changes in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middelburg subdistrict of Mpumalanga.

Study design: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was done. Data were collected from 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: The results showed that DM was more prevalent among females and the age group 50– 59 years was mostly affected. Nearly 50% of the respondents were obese and about 35% of them overweight. Lifestyle modification was understood as healthy dietary habits. Only 35% of the respondents participated in exercises. Brisk walking (59%) was the preferred form of exercise among these participants. A statistically significant finding was that 79.63% of participants who did not adhere to exercise recommendations had poor glycaemic control. Only 40.48% of participants who adhered to exercise recommendations had good glycaemic control. Obesity (47.52%) and overweight (32.67%) were associated with poor glycaemic control.

Conclusion and recommendation: The majority of the participants thought that lifestyle modification was healthy eating; only a third of them regularly exercised. The author recommends a multidisciplinary and multilevel approach involving different stakeholders— among others, patients and community, health professionals/providers and government services—in assisting diabetic patients with lifestyle modification.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2018; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.1364012
Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Vally M. , Irhuma M. O.E.
Published: November 2020

There have been an estimated one million deaths from cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa in 2013. The deaths can in some part be prevented through the control of risk factors for coronary artery disease. The major modifiable risk factors in adults include: smoking, obesity, unhealthy diet, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes. This article aims discuss the primary prevention of coronary artery disease through examining the evidence regarding the control of these modifiable risk factors. It also briefly explains a pragmatic approach to the use of aspirin as primary prevention for coronary artery disease which takes into account both the risks and benefits associated with aspirin use.
A Quick and Painless Reminder: The Pharmacotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Primary Practice
Authors: Brand Linda , Wolmarans De Wet , Brand Sarel J.
Published: November 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis, an auto-immune disorder, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints, synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion. These pathological features are promoted by a synovial microenvironment featuring B-cell and T-cell infiltrate, synovial fibroblasts and an intricate network of pro-inflammatory cellular messengers – prominent molecular role-players that represent critical targets in the pharmacotherapy of the disease. This review offers a brief overview of the etiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis while focussing on the practical aspects of methotrexate and glucocorticoid use that are of relevance for primary practice.
Patients with congenital heart disease presenting for non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Kemp M. E.A.
Published: November 2020

No abstract available.
Mastering your Fellowship
Authors: Naidoo Mergan , Von Pressentin Klaus B. , Ross Andrew , Ras Tasleem
Published: November 2020

The series, “Mastering your Fellowship”, provides examples of the question format encountered in the FCFP(SA) examination. The series aims to help family medicine registrars and their supervisors prepare for this examination. Model answers are available online.
Epilepsy seizure types, classification and treatment
Authors: Magazi D. S. , Nkohla S. , Mmako M. T.
Published: November 2020

Epilepsy is a chronic condition whose building blocks are recurrent seizures. It is this varied presentation that at times poses a challenge to making a diagnosis. The response to treatment is also not uniform, making it necessary to individualise. This article discusses the various seizure types, the latest classification by the International League against Epilepsy (ILAE), treatment and prognosis of the condition.
A practical guide to the interpretation of PK/PD profiles of longer-acting analogue insulins. Part two: Insulin degludec vs. insulin glargine U300
Authors: Greeff Oppel B.W. , Van Tonder Jacob John , Naidu Kershlin , McMaster Alicia , Van Tonder Alet , Mothilal Rashem
Published: November 2020

Glucose clamp studies form an integral part of the early development of insulin therapies. Data generated in these studies are used to establish pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of the agents, but methodological differences confound comparison of results from different glucose clamp studies. The first part of this series on glucose clamp studies discussed practical tips for the interpretation of glucose clamp studies. The second part of the series compares the PK/PD profiles of longer-acting basal analogue insulins, insulin degludec (IDeg) and insulin glargine U300 (Gla-300). The patient populations for glucose clamp studies with these analogue insulins differ, and therefore direct comparison of the data is not always possible. The maximum duration of action of IDeg is reported as 42 h and that of Gla-300 as 36 h, translating to 24 h coverage. The plasma insulin concentration of IDeg is 56 times that of Gla-300. Results from phase III clinical trials for these analogue insulins confirm the predictability and low within-subject variability observed in glucose clamp studies. Insight into the PK/PD profiles of longer-acting basal analogue insulins allows the treating physician to utilise these characteristics to optimise the treatment of their patients with diabetes.
PERSPEKTIF NORMATIF HUKUM PIDANA TERHADAP KEGAGALAN KONTRUKSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Firdaus Aras
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAKPembangunan nasional berfungsi mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dibidang ekonomi,sosial dan budaya untuk mewujudkan masyarakat adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila danUndang-undang Dasar 1945. Akan tetapi, masalah pembangunan yang muncul tersebutmenyebabkan banyak dampak yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan terjadinya kegagalan dalamkontruksi. Kegagalan pembangunan yang dilakukan mengakibatkan adanya unsur kesalahan yangberindikasi mengarah pada tindak pidana. Kegagalan dalam jasa konstruksi merupakan salah satuakibat yang dapat membahayakan kepentingan publik maupun kerugian negara. Namun, rangkaianperistiwa tersebut dalam penyelenggaraan konstruksi sudah selayaknya diselidiki tuntas melaluimekanisme hukum dan green construction sebagai upaya untuk mengurangi kegagalan infrastrukturdi Indonesia. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini, yakni bagaimana perspektif hukum pidana terhadapkegagalan bangunan dalam hukum kontruksi di indonesia dan bagaimana mekanisme penegakanhukum terhadap kegagalan bangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaituyuridis normatif. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis, maksud dari penelitian ini diharapkanmemperoleh gambaran secara rinci dan sistematis untuk menjawab permasalahan yang akan diteliti.Hasil penelitian bahwa penyedia jasa dan pengguna jasa yang sengaja atau tidak sengajamengakibatkan kegagalan pembangunan harus bertanggung jawab atas perbuatannya. Upayahukum pidana dalam hal ini haruslah memberikan sanksi dan efek jera bagi pelaku. Selanjutnyahukum pidana menjadi hukum yang terdepan dalam mengungkapkan permasalahan tersebut.Kata Kunci: Perspektif; Pidana; Kontruksi