bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Study of Irinotecan and Etoposide as Treatment for Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Segar Jennifer M. , Reed Darien , Stopeck Alison , Livingston Robert B. , Chalasani Pavani
Published: August 2019

Lessons Learned

The combination of irinotecan and etoposide showed modest efficacy in terms of response rate in the refractory setting for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The studied dose and schedule of irinotecan and etoposide is very toxic, with >70% grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events.

Background

As single agents, both irinotecan and etoposide have documented activity against breast cancer among patients who have received multiple lines of prior chemotherapy. Irinotecan interacts with topoisomerase I (Topo I) to stabilize its cleavable complex, and etoposide has an analogous interaction with topoisomerase II (Topo II). This stabilization without rapid resealing of the cleavage point results in apoptotic cell death and accounts for the antitumor activity of these agents. Topo II levels may increase after administration of a Topo I inhibitor, thus providing a rationale for combining these agents in practice. Based on preclinical data, we conducted a phase II trial of the Topo I inhibitor irinotecan combined with the Topo II inhibitor etoposide in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Methods

This was a single-arm phase II clinical trial in patients with MBC refractory to prior anthracycline, taxane, and capecitabine therapy. All patients were treated with oral etoposide at 50 mg/day on days 1–14 and intravenous irinotecan at 100mg/m2 on days 1 and 15. Treatment cycles were repeated every 28 days. The primary endpoint was median time to progression. Secondary end points included overall clinical response rate using RECIST criteria and assessing the toxicity and safety profile associated with this combination regimen.

Results

We enrolled 31 women with refractory MBC to our trial. Median age was 54 (range, 36-84), with the majority (64%) having hormone receptor positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2 neg) MBC. Median number of prior therapies was five (range, 3–14). Efficacy was evaluated in 24 patients. Seventeen percent had a partial response, and 38% had stable disease as best response. Median progression-free survival was 9 weeks (range, 3–59). All 31 patients were evaluable for toxicity assessment, and 22 patients (71 %) experienced treatment-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events (AEs; Table 1). The most common grade 3–4 AE was neutropenia. The study was terminated early based on interim analysis assessment that suggested toxicities outweighed the efficacy.

Conclusion

Irinotecan and etoposide demonstrated only modest clinical activity and poor tolerability in patients with MBC refractory to anthracycline, taxane, and capecitabine therapy. Further studies testing a lower dose and/or different schedule could be considered given ease of administration and responses seen.
Experimental and numerical study of circular columns reinforced with steel and glass FRP bars
Authors: Guri Zijadin , Misini Misin
Published: August 2019

Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars are important replacements for reinforcements made of ordinary steel because the former offer structural durability, electromagnetic neutrality and a high strength/weight ratio, as well as being lightweight and flexible. In the present study, six concrete columns with a diameter of 29·7 cm, a height of 1·5 m but with different percentages of steel and glass FRP bars were tested for endurance under a combination of an axial load and a reversed cyclic bending load up to failure. The experimental and numerical results in terms of force–displacement hysteresis are presented and discussed in this paper. Theoretical analysis was devoted to the refined modelling of the complex hysteretic response of experimentally tested columns with ordinary and composite reinforcement. Finite-element models of the specimens were formulated using a modelling concept of refined fibre sections.
Characteristics and effectiveness of water management methods for ‘sponge cities’ in China
Authors: Shao Weiwei , Zhou Jinjun , Liu Jiahong , Xie Penggui , Yang Zhaohui , Li Weijia
Published: August 2019

In the process of rapid urbanisation, maintaining urban water supplies and reducing flood risks are increasingly serious global problems. To address these issues, in 2013, the Chinese government proposed a development plan for ‘sponge cities’, which involves the implementation of various water management systems for natural storage, infiltration and cleaning of water in urban areas. In 2016, 30 pilot cities were identified. In the work reported in this paper, similarities and differences between the concept of sponge cities in China and overseas rainwater management systems were determined, considering that China could draw lessons from the latter. The construction characteristics of the pilot cities were analysed with regard to the different implementation measures in semi-arid, semi-humid and humid climatic zones to provide a reference for the selection of construction measures in different cities. Taking Xiamen as a case study, this study analysed whether the selection methods of annual runoff and pollution control in Xiamen would be sufficient to meet the implementation goals of sponge cities. The results showed that China's sponge city approach can effectively control urban rainfall–runoff and reduce runoff contaminants, although the plan should continually consider and adapt methods developed elsewhere.
Localisation value of ictal arterial spin‐labelled sequences in partial seizures
Authors: Toledo Manuel , Munuera Josep , Salas‐Puig Xavier , Santamarina Estevo , Lacuey Nuria , Rovira Alex
Published: August 2019

Perfusion‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using pulsed arterial spin‐labelled (ASL) sequences is becoming a more commonly used tool for the diagnosis of patients with focal epilepsy. We report a patient with post‐traumatic epilepsy and cortical haemorrhage who had a complex partial seizure characterised mainly by ictal speech (verbalisation) during MRI acquisition. Ictal ASL showed focal hyperperfusion over the right temporal region which had resolved on follow‐up MRI, two weeks later. Seizure semiology and interictal EEG suggested seizure origin in the non‐dominant temporal lobe, which matched the increased ictal blood flow observed by ASL. The patient had language dominance in the left hemisphere, as observed by functional MRI. Our findings suggest that focal hyperperfusion, as observed by ASL, may have localising value in temporal epilepsies when performed in the ictal period.
Predictive factors of ictal SPECT findings in paediatric patients with focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Kudr Martin , Krsek Pavel , Maton Bruno , Malone Stephen , Jahodova Alena , Jezdik Petr , Komarek Vladimir , Miller Ian , Jayakar Prasanna , Resnick Trevor , Duchowny Michael
Published: August 2019

Aims. To identify variables that influence the extent of ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings in paediatric patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Methods. We visually evaluated 98 ictal SPECT studies from 67 children treated surgically for intractable epilepsy caused by FCD. SPECT findings were classified as “nonlocalised”, “well‐localised”, and “extensive” and compared with parameters of injected seizures (seizure type and duration, injection time, and scalp EEG ictal pattern), presence of structural pathology on MRI, type of surgery performed after SPECT study, and histological findings. Results. A shorter injection time and duration of injected seizure was associated with more localised SPECT hyperperfusion. SPECT findings were not significantly influenced by type of injected seizure. Widespread ictal scalp EEG patterns were associated with extensive SPECT findings. Larger zones of hyperperfusion were more common in patients with lesional MRI and patients undergoing multilobar resections. SPECT studies demonstrating good localisation were more common in patients with mild malformations of cortical development. Conclusion. Early ictal SPECT radiotracer injection is crucial for successful localisation of the epileptogenic zone. Seizure duration, type of scalp EEG findings, and presence of structural pathology on MRI may influence the extent of ictal SPECT hyperperfusion, which was associated with certain types of epilepsy surgery as well as histopathological findings.
Social Attitudes towards Homosexuality in Hungary and Romania
Authors: Takács Judit , Szalma Ivett
Published: August 2019

This study examines social attitudes towards homosexuality in two Central-Eastern European neighbouring countries – Romania and Hungary – with many common points, but that do differ in their religious traditions. 

Our main research question is whether the main religious denomination can influence social attitudes towards homosexuality, after controlling for all the important individual level variables (gender, age, education, type of settlement, family status, employment background, and attitudes related to family and gender norms). Among the examined variables we especially focus on the religious ones since the dominant denominations are different in these otherwise similar societies.

The empirical base of our study comprises two longitudinal databases: the European Social Survey (ESS) and the European Values Study (EVS). We use data from two ESS rounds (of 2006 and 2008) and three EVS rounds (of 1990, 1999 and 2008). Since Romania participated only in the 3rd and the 4th rounds of the ESS (in 2006 and 2008), the Romanian results from 2008 are the most recent ones.

We apply descriptive statistics and regression models. Our main conclusion is that belonging to the Orthodox Church had a more negative effect on social attitudes towards homosexuality than belonging to the Catholic Church (as previous studies have also found).
From Petty Corruption to Criminal State
Authors: Magyar Bálint , Madlovics Bálint
Published: August 2019

Offering a decent database easily applicable to cross-country comparison, Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) has been widely used as a variable for showing the level of corruption. However, surveys of its sources are based on presumptions which mainly apply to bottom-up forms of corruption, namely free market corruption and bottom-up state capture, and therefore it is insufficient for assessing the state of a country plagued by top-down types of the former. We provide an analytical framework that distinguishes four levels of corruption and draws on the experience of the post-communist region. Using this framework to analyze the CPI’s survey questions, we explain why the index provides a blurred picture of the region. ‘Big data’ evidence for top-down corruption in Hungary is also presented, signifying the need for a more refined index.
Entre el orden, el vínculo, el conflicto y el poder. Aproximación histórica al concepto de control social y análisis de sus usos historiográficos
Authors: Toro Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2019

Este artículo pretende contribuir a una mayor claridad alrededor del concepto de control social; el cual es usado frecuentemente, pero cuya historicidad no siempre es considerada. Con este fin, se revisaron obras que lo desarrollan teóricamente de diferentes formas: como función, como generador del vínculo social, asociado a la resolución de conflictos y como forma de poder. Posteriormente se analizan algunos trabajos históricos que usan el concepto. El artículo estudia en primer lugar el desenvolvimiento histórico del concepto, para luego pasar al examen de algunas de las formas en que ha sido aplicado para analizar los órdenes sociales pasados.
A influência da escolaridade no uso de suplementos alimentares
Authors: Prezotto Marina Destéfano , Trevisan Mara Cléia
Published: August 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o uso de suplementos alimentares entre indivíduos com alta e baixa escolaridade os quais são praticantes de atividade física em academias de Uberaba-MG. A amostra foi composta por 660 pessoas, com idade acima de 18 anos de ambos os gêneros. Foi utilizado questionário autoaplicável, padronizado, de múltipla escolha, previamente testado. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e o teste Qui-quadrado, por meio do Software SPSS 17 com p-Valor<0,05. É expressiva a prevalência de uso de suplementos alimentares, 317 (48%), principalmente entre os indivíduos com alta escolaridade 234 (35,5%). Não houve diferença estatística entre o uso de suplementos nos diferentes níveis de escolaridade, entretanto entre os que utilizam, os com alta escolaridade em sua maioria 61 (9,2%) fazem uso de 2 suplementos, enquanto os com baixa escolaridade em sua maioria 66 (10%), utilizam apenas 1 tipo de suplemento.  Os indivíduos com alta escolaridade consomem preferencialmente mais de um tipo de suplemento 161 (50,7%), sendo os ricos em proteínas 35 (11%), anabolizantes 9 (2,8%) os mais consumidos. Já entre os indivíduos com baixa escolaridade se destacam entre os mais consumidos, os ricos em proteínas 18 (5,6%) e BCAA 4 (1,2%). Sendo assim, o nível de escolaridade não interfere no uso de suplementos alimentares por praticantes de atividade física em academias, porém o uso de suplementos é expressivo nesta população.
Orientação profissional em atividade física e alimentação: um estudo de caso
Authors: Estevam Thaynara Nathalie Carvalho , Simplício Mayla De Paula Torres , Oliveira Guilherme Pereira , Almeida Michele Aparecida , Pussieldi Guilherme De Azambuja , Simplício Afonso Timão , De Faria Valéria Cristina
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Verificar os benefícios da orientação conjunta da educação física e nutrição sobre o condicionamento cardiovascular, parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos após quatro meses de intervenção. Métodos: Foi selecionado um participante do Espaço Movimento, do sexo feminino, com 60 anos de idade e hipertensa. A intervenção foi realizada por quatro meses, a atividade física prescrita foi caminhada com a orientação e acompanhamento profissional, com uma duração média de 45 minutos e frequência de três vezes por semana, totalizando 49 treinos no período. A participante contou com a orientação e acompanhamento nutricional individual durante todo o período de intervenção, contando com avaliação inicial e retorno periódico para adequações da dieta. Foram avaliados no início e quatro meses após: frequência cárdica (FC) e pressão arterial (PA) em repouso, índice de massa corporal (IMC), índice cintura/quadril (ICQ), percentual de gordura corporal (%GC), percentual de massa muscular (%MM), VO2máx e exames bioquímicos. Resultados: A participante apresentou as seguintes mudanças: aumento da PA de repouso, do %MM e do VO2máx; redução da FC de repouso, do IMC, do ICQ, do %GC, e em todos os exames bioquímicos. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados podemos afirmar que uma ação conjunta, exercício físico e alimentação, somado a disciplina e regularidade do participante, são capazes de afetar positivamente os índices de saúde avaliados.
Correlação entre avaliação física virtual e de desempenho funcional em mulheres: Um estudo piloto
Authors: Donzeli Marina Andrade , Gomes Lucas Gabriel Coelho , Rodrigues Eduardo Henrique Pereira , Rodrigues Gustavo De Mello , Bertoncello Dernival , Lobato Daniel Ferreira Moreira
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Verificar o nível de correlação entre uma avaliação virtual de aptidão física com medidas de desempenho funcional em mulheres ativas. Método: Estudo preliminar, de natureza transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 37 mulheres sadias (21,97±2,60 anos e 22,86±3,22 kg/m2) e ativas (233,68±132,06 minutos de atividade física/semana). A avaliação virtual de aptidão física foi realizada por meio do jogo Nike+ Kinetic TrainingÒ, em ambiente XBOX 360/KineticÒ, que apresenta um módulo de avaliação do preparo e do condicionamento físico. A avaliação do desempenho funcional foi realizada por meio do shuttle run (SR) e do six-meter timed hop test (STHT). Os resultados foram correlacionados por meio do índice produto-momento de Pearson, considerando a=5%. Resultados: Houve correlação moderada entre: o nível de condicionamento físico e o desempenho no SR (R=-0,42, p=0,009); os níveis de preparo (R=-0,53; p<0,001) e condicionamento físico (R=-0,5; p=0,01) e o desempenho no STHT-membro não-dominante; o nível de condicionamento físico e o desempenho no STHT-membro dominante (R=-0,4; p=0,01). Conclusão: Os níveis de condicionamento físico parecem representar de forma mais adequada o desempenho funcional do que os de preparo físico. Entretanto, a avaliação virtual utilizada não apresentou elevada correlação com os testes de desempenho funcional.
Avaliação do equilíbrio, postura e qualidade de vida de deficientes visuais
Authors: Machado Gabriela Gonçalves , Oliveira Izadira Cristina Barcelos , Urquizo Wilbert Esteban Cárdenas , Shimano Suraya Gomes Novais , Oliveira Nuno Miguel Lopes
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o equilíbrio, a postura e a qualidade de vida (QV) de pessoas com deficiência visual (DV) que não praticam atividade física (AF). Métodos: Participaram do estudo 8 pessoas com DV. Critérios de inclusão: apresentar DV, ser cadastrado no Instituto dos Cegos do Brasil Central e aceitar participar. Critérios de não inclusão: deficiência auditiva ou sensorial, déficit cognitivo, labirintite e realizar AF. Foram excluídos os que não foram em todas as avaliações. Foi avaliado o equilíbrio pela baropodometria, a postura pelo Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO) e QV pelo questionário World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments - Bref. Foi realizada a análise descritiva de todos os dados, os baropodométricos e do SAPO foram submetidos ao teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Houve uma oscilação ântero-posterior (AP) significativamente maior em relação a látero-lateral em apoio unipodal (AU) direito (p=0,01) e AU esquerdo (p=0,01). No SAPO as alterações significativas foram o ângulo entre os dois acrômios e as duas espinhas ilíacas ântero-superiores (p=0,03), alinhamento vertical da cabeça direito (p=0,04) e esquerdo (p=0,02). Na QV apresentou menores escores nos domínios ambiente 55,47% e relações socias 60,42%. Conclusão: Os DV não praticantes de AF apresentam uma oscilação corporal significativamente maior no sentido AP, anteriorização da cabeça, protrusão de ombros, anteroversão pélvica e baixos escores de QV.
Avaliação do arco plantar de corredoras e correlação com a função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico.
Authors: Silva Rafaela de Melo , Duarte Kamilla Bárbara Arruda , Franqueiro Letícia Souza , Deloroso Frederico Tadeu , Araújo Maita Poli , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira , Resende Ana Paula Magalhães
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo mensurar o arco plantar de mulheres corredoras e correlacionar com a função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e observacional, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (No. 1451984/2016). Foram incluídas 26 atletas corredoras no estudo. O protocolo de pesquisa foi dividido em duas etapas. Inicialmente foi realizada a avaliação dos músculos do assoalho pélvico por palpação vaginal (graduada pela Escala de Oxford) e posteriormente pela manometria de pressão, utilizando um perineômetro. Em seguida, foi realizada a fotopodoscopia, com os pés descalços, apoio bipodal e postura ortostática com braços ao longo do corpo, sendo a imagem da impressão plantar refletida no espelho foi capturada por uma câmera. Resultados: Não foram encontradas correlações entre o tamanho do arco plantar e a função dos músculos do assoalho pélvico. As atletas apresentaram baixa força muscular de assoalho pélvico mensurada pela manometria de pressão (pico de contração: 46,10(29,34) cmH2O). Ainda, foi encontrada alta prevalência de incontinência urinária entre as atletas (9 mulheres relataram perda involuntária de urina durante a prática da corrida, o que representa 34,6% da amostra). Conclusão: Não foi encontrada correlação entre o arco plantar e a função dos músculos do assolho pélvico de atletas corredoras.
Data Mining for the e-Learning Risk Management
Authors: GUSHCHINA Oksana , OCHEPOVSKY Andrew
Published: August 2019

The article shows the role of data mining methods at the stages of the e-learning risk management for the various
participants. The article proves the e-learning system fundamentally contains heterogeneous information, for
its processing it is not enough to use the methods of mathematical analysis but it is necessary to apply the
new educational methods of data mining. It determines the basic types of e-learning risks for the elimination
or minimization of which proactive manners are applied that aimed at testing and planning other actions.
The article gives the rationales for the use of various data mining methods at the different stages of the risk
management: 1) for quality authentication of the risks the classification based on using the method called
“decision tree” is applied; 2) for making the analysis of risks the brainstorm method for mind map creation
is used. The mind map displays the e-learning risk groups that are then rated on the prioritization criteria
with the help of expert evaluation method; 3) for the assessment of probability of risk impact on organization
of e-learning the expert evaluation method, cluster analysis and bow-tie analysis are used. The article shows
that the data mining methods are able to not only classify educational risks but also identify the causes and
anticipate possible impacts on the final outcome. Having a great deal of information obtained through the
process of the e-learning risk management and using it in data mining, it is possible to determine the reasons
and the taken actions depend more the minimization of risks and strengthen the effectiveness of the e-learning.
Antônio Houaiss, Mauro de Salles Villar y Francisco Manoel de Mello Franco (eds.) (2001): Dicionário eletrônico Houaiss da língua portuguesa. CD-ROM. Rio de Janeiro, Editora Objetiva
Authors: Gago Jover Francisco
Published: August 2019

Reseña: Antônio Houaiss, Mauro de Salles Villar y Francisco Manoel de Mello Franco (eds.) (2001): Dicionário eletrônico Houaiss da língua portuguesa. CD-ROM. Rio de Janeiro, Editora Objetiva.
Kahramanmaraş Afşin İlçesi Ceviz (Juglans regia L.) Popülasyonu İçerisinde Ümitvar Genotiplerin Belirlenmesi
Authors: SÜTYEMEZ Mehmet , DEMİR Mustafa İlbey , ÖZCAN Akide , BÜKÜCÜ Şakir Burak
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışma, Kahramanmaraş ili Afşin ilçesinde tohumdan yetişen ceviz popülasyonu
içerisinden üstün özellikli genotipleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Bölgede iki yıl (2017-2018) üst üste yapılan çalışmalarda tohumdan yetişmiş tüm
ceviz genotipleri incelenmiştir. Bu seleksiyon gezileri esnasında incelenen
2000 ağaç içerisinde meyve iriliği ve verimlilik durumları dikkate alınarak ön
eleme yapılmış ve 64 genotip çalışmaya değer bulunmuştur. Bitkisel ve meyve
özellikleri belirlenen 64 genotip üzerinde yapılan tartılı derecelendirme
puanlamaları neticesinde 14 genotip ümitvar olarak seçilmiştir. Bu ümitvar
genotiplerin, 9’unun “Çok verimli”, 5’inin “Verimli” olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Çiçeklenme bakımından, genotiplerin 6’sının “Protogini” ve 8’inin ise
“Protandri” özellik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ümitvar olarak seçilen genotiplerin
ortalama kabuklu meyve ağırlıklarının 12.35-20.88 g, iç meyve ağırlıklarının
6.25-8.97 g, iç oranlarının %36.67-%52.90 ve kabuk kalınlıklarının 0.85-1.85 mm
değerleri arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca seçilen genotiplerinin
7’sinin “Açık sarı” 6’sının “Sarı” ve 1’inin ise “Koyu” meyve iç rengine sahip
olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Anöstrus Dönemindeki Koyunlarda CIDR, Vitamin A, E + Selenium Kullanımının Döl Verimine Etkileri
Authors: ÖZİŞ ALTINÇEKİÇ Şeniz , KOYUNCU Mehmet , NAGEYE Farida İbrahim
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmada, Kıvırcık koyunlarında anöstrus döneminde CIDR ve Vitamin A, Vitamin E+Se uygulamalarının tek başına ve birlikte uygulamanın döl verimi üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Koyunlar 5 gruba ayrılmış, grup 1'de yer alan 20 baş koyuna 0.33 g progesteron içeren CIDR'ler vajinaya yerleştirilmiş, 14 gün sonunda çıkarılmış ve tüm koyunlara kas içi 500 IU Gebe Kısrak Serumu Hormonu (GKSH) enjekte edilmiştir. Grup 2'de yer alan 20 baş koyuna CIDR + Vitamin A + E + Se kombinasyonu uygulanmıştır. 3. gruptaki 20 baş koyuna Vitamin A (2 ml/baş), 4. Gruptaki 20 baş koyuna ise Vitamin E + Se (2 ml/baş) yapılmış ve 18 koyunun yer aldığı son grup ise kontrol grubu olarak adlandırılmıştır. Uygulamaları takip eden 24. saatte sürüye koçlar katılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar bakımından CIDR, CIDR + Vitamin A + E + Se, Vitamin A, Vitamin E + Se ve kontrol gruplarında sırasıyla gebelik oranı (%95.0, %100.0, %100.0, %100.0, %83.3), kuzulama oranı (%95.0, %100.0, %100.0, %100.0, %83.3) ve üretkenliği (21.1, 30.0, 5.0, 10.0, 0.0) bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak CIDR, Vitamin A ve Vitamin E + Se'nin tek başına ve kombinasyon halinde uygulanmasının, Kıvırcık koyunlarında üreme performansını arttırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Distantes R. Bhattacharjee (Stachys L. /Lamiaceae) Altseksiyonu Taksonları Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Anatomik ve Mikromorfolojik Çalışmalar
Authors: AÇAR Mikail , SATIL Fatih
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmada; Stachys L. cinsi (Lamiaceae) Distantes altseksiyonu taksonları
üzerinde karşılaştırmalı anatomik ve mikromorfolojik çalışmalar yapılmış ve
altseksiyonun taksonları için ayırt edici karakterler belirlenmiştir. Anatomik
çalışmalarda, elle kesit alma ve parafine gömme yoluyla mikrotomda kesit alma
yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Mikromorfolojik çalışmalar ise LM (Işık Mikroskobu)
ve SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu)’ de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anatomik
çalışmalarda, taksonların gövde ve yaprak yapılarında benzerlikler bulunmasının
yanında bazı ayırt edici farklılıklar da tespit edilmiştir. Mikromorfolojik
çalışmalarda ise taksonların tüy ve nutlet özelliklerinin tür ve tür altı
seviyede kullanışlı karakterler olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma neticesinde gövde
yapısında köşelerde demet şeklinde sklerenkima varlığı, salgı tüylerinin
varlığı ve tipleri, nutlet yüzey ornamentasyonu, nutletteki kanat varlığı ve
karın bölgesinin yapısı taksonların ayırt edilmesinde kullanılabilecek önemli
karakterlerdir. Numerik bulgulara göre tüy ve nutlet mikromorfolojik karakterlerinin
anatomik karakterlerden daha önemli olduğu görülmüştür.
Konya Ereğli’de Özel Bir İşletmede Yetiştirilen Siyah Alaca Buzağılarda Doğum-Dört Ay Arası Dönemdeki Gelişimi
Authors: GÜRDAL Mehmet , ZÜLKADİR Uğur
Published: August 2019

Bu
çalışmada Konya ili Ereğli ilçesinde hastalıklardan ari, modern bir süt sığırı
işletmesindeki 536 baş Siyah Alaca dişi buzağı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada
doğum ağırlığı, 60. gün ağırlığı, 120. gün ağırlığı, doğum-60. gün arası
dönemde günlük canlı ağırlık artışı, 60-120. gün arası GCAA ve doğum-120. gün
arası GCAA değerlerine ait genel ortalamalar sırasıyla 37.94±4.38 kg,
77.34±5.71 kg, 123.58±9.92 kg, 0.622±0.044 kg, 0.768±0.179 kg ve 0.687±0.031 kg
olarak tespit edilmiştir. Doğum ağırlığına doğum ayı ve ana durumunun etkisi
P<0.01 seviyesinde; 60. gün ağırlığına doğum ayının P<0.05 düzeyinde;
120. gün ağırlığına ana durumunun P<0.05 düzeyinde; doğum-60. gün arası
dönemde günlük canlı ağırlık artışına doğum yılının P<0.01 düzeyinde;
60-120. gün arası dönemde günlük canlı ağırlık artışına doğum ayının P<0.05
düzeyinde; doğum-120. gün arası günlük canlı ağırlık artışına doğum ayı ve
doğum yılının P<0.01 düzeyinde önemli etkisi bulunmuştur.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DE MUSEUS NO INTERIOR – O CASO CENPALEO/MTV
Authors: Weinschütz Luiz Carlos , Pscheidt Cristiane , Strapasson Eliane Villa Lobos , Hirth Celina , Wantowsky Morgana Denk , Ricetti João Henrique Zahdi , Wilner Everton
Published: August 2019

O Museu da Terra e da Vida de Mafra, Santa Catarina foi criado para levar à comunidade o conhecimento gerado pelo Centro Paleontológico da Universidade do Contestado, e hoje atende em média 7.000 visitantes por ano, na maioria estudantes de instituições de ensino públicas que utilizam o museu como um espaço para educação não formal. Tendo como amostra os dados de visitas entre 2005 e 2018, verificamos uma estabilização com relação ao número de visitantes locais entre 3.000 a 4.000 pessoas/ano, e um crescimento com relação aos visitantes provenientes de outras localidades (4.000 a 4.500 pessoas/ano). Com relação à distância de procedência dos visitantes de “fora” a maioria vêm de cidades localizadas até 200 km, relacionado diretamente aos custos e tempo do transporte. Em Santa Catarina os museus de Ciências e História Natural estão concentrados nas regiões de Florianópolis, Joinville e Blumenau. Ficou evidente nessa pesquisa a relação entre a possibilidade de visita de estudantes no museu e a distância em que residem, corroborando com a necessidade de políticas de incentivo a criação de museus no interior do Estado. A utilização de museus como parte do plano pedagógico dos professores contribui para o desenvolvimento regional, seja pelo aquecimento do comércio, divulgação da cidade e pela disseminação do conhecimento e cultura.
La ceguera y el vacío
Authors: Zamora Bonilla Jesús
Published: August 2019

La filosofía de la ciencia desde el último tercio del siglo xx ha estado poderosamente influida por las reflexiones y debates sobre la relación que debería tener con la historia (o historiografía) de la ciencia. La raíz de estos debates fue la discusión entre Popper y Kuhn sobre si el hecho histórico (aducido por el segundo) de que los científicos de carne y hueso hayan seguido prácticas contradictorias con el falsacionismo propugnado por el primero supone una refutación del falsacionismo como teoría sobre la ciencia, o si solamente implica que los científicos no están, a menudo, a la altura de los principios normativos que deben regir su actividad en cuanto científicos. En este artículo se ofrece un panorama sobre el debate acerca de las relaciones entre historia y filosofía de la ciencia, y se presta especial atención a la cuestión de la normatividad. De hecho, en la última sección se presenta una teoría sobre las normas científicas que intenta ofrecer una solución de compromiso en el debate.
As ideias linguísticas no discurso De Liberalium Artium Studiis (1548)
Authors: Kaltner Leonardo Ferreira
Published: August 2019

Debatemos as ideias linguísticas no humanismo renascentista português (1485-1596), que influiu no Brasil quinhentista. Neste contexto, se desenvolveu a educação humanística de S. José de Anchieta (1534-1597), que fora aluno do Real Colégio das Artes de Coimbra. Analisamos as ideias linguísticas da época a partir de um discurso proferido em latim pelo humanista Arnaldo Fabrício (FABRÍCIO, 2011), na véspera de abertura do ano letivo do Real Colégio das Artes de Coimbra em 1548, intitulado: De Liberalium Artium Studiis Oratio.
Overview and Future Potential of Fast Dissolving Buccal Films as Drug Delivery System for Vaccines
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Nasir , Allon Amanda , Roni Monzurul A , Kouzi Samir
Published: August 2019

Vaccination is considered one of the most successful public health interventions of the modern era. Vaccines are categorized based on the antigen used, delivery system and the route of administration. Traditional vaccines are produced from the dead, attenuated or inactivated pathogens that cause disease. However, newly developed vaccines are DNA based, liposome based, and virus like particle (VLP) based which are more effective and specific to some malignant diseases. The delivery system of vaccines has been advanced along with time as well. New delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, or cells (for DNA) has been proven to develop a more efficient vaccine. Most vaccines are administered via intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SQ) or oral (PO) route. However, these routes of administration have limitations and side effects. An alternative route could be oral cavity administration such as buccal or sublingual administration using film dosage form as delivery vehicle. In this article, we thoroughly reviewed the possibility of developing a quickly soluble film-based delivery system for vaccine administration. We reviewed the different types of new vaccines and vaccine formulations such as VLP based, liposome, bilosome, particulate, and summarized their suitability for use in a film dosage form. Quickly soluble film dosage form is the most optimized form of buccal administration. A film dosage form applied in the buccal cavity has several advantages: they can avoid first pass effect, they are easy to administer and prepare, and they are more cost effective. Since there is no first pass effect, only a small quantity of the vaccine is needed. Vaccines in their original form or in a nano or microparticulate form can be used in a film. The film can also be developed in multilayers to protect the vaccine from degradation by saliva or swallowing. Films are easy to prepare, administer, and can be used for systemic and local action. In addition, most of the current vaccines use mostly the parenteral route of administration, which has some major drawbacks such as poor induction of mucosal immunity, less patient compliant, less potent, high cost and cumbersome production process. Sublingual and buccal vaccine delivery can be good alternatives as they are easier to prepare and safer than parenteral administration routes. The buccal and sublingual administration have the advantage to produce both systemic and mucosal immunity.
The Role of Notary and PPAT in Making Inheritance Deed for Non-Muslim Heirs
Authors: Rahman Adri Aulia , HS Shalim , Muhaimin
Published: August 2019

The problem of inheritance is still a complex matter in Indonesia. In general, the transfer of inheritance is carried out in several ways, namely inheritance, grant and will. Provisions regarding inheritance are regulated in the Civil Code, KHI and various jurisprudences which can be used as a foundation. In carrying out the distribution of inheritance is also inseparable from the role of Notary and PPAT which by Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position and Government Regulation Number 37 of 1998 concerning PPAT Position Regulations, the regulation is given the authority to make deeds. The method used in the study is the empirical research method. In order to find out the position of non-Muslim heirs in Islamic inheritance, and to find out how the role of Notary and PPAT and the form of deed made in the distribution of the inheritance.
Using Instruction-Embedded Formative Assessment to Predict State Summative Test Scores and Achievement Levels in Mathematics
Authors: Zheng Guoguo , Fancsali Stephen Edward , Ritter Steven , Berman Susan
Published: August 2019

If we wish to embed assessment for accountability within instruction, we need to better understand the relative contribution of different types of learner data to statistical models that predict scores and discrete achievement levels on assessments used for accountability purposes. The present work scales up and extends predictive models of math test scores and achievement levels from existing literature and specifies six categories of models that incorporate information about student prior knowledge, socio-demographics, and performance within the MATHia intelligent tutoring system. Linear regression, ordinal logistic regression, and random forest regression and classification models are learned within each category and generalized over a sample of 23,000+ learners in Grades 6, 7, and 8 over three academic years in Miami-Dade County Public Schools. After briefly exploring hierarchical models of this data, we discuss a variety of technical and practical applications, limitations, and open questions related to this work, especially concerning to the potential use of instructional platforms like MATHia as a replacement for time- consuming standardized tests.
An Infrastructure for Workplace Learning Analytics: Tracing Knowledge Creation with the Social Semantic Server
Authors: Ruiz Calleja Adolfo , Dennerlein Sebastian , Kowald Dominik , Theiler Dieter , Lex Elisabeth , Ley Tobias
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose the Social Semantic Server (SSS) as a service-based infrastructure for workplace and professional learning analytics (LA). The design and development of the SSS have evolved over eight years, starting with an analysis of workplace learning inspired by knowledge creation theories and their application in different contexts. The SSS collects data from workplace learning tools, integrates it into a common data model based on a semantically enriched artifact-actor network, and offers it back for LA applications to exploit the data. Further, the SSS design’s flexibility enables it to be adapted to different workplace learning situations. This paper contributes by systematically deriving requirements for the SSS according to knowledge creation theories, and by offering support across a number of different learning tools and LA applications integrated into the SSS. We also show evidence for the usefulness of the SSS extracted from 4 authentic workplace learning situations involving 57 participants. The evaluation results indicate that the SSS satisfactorily supports decision making in diverse workplace learning situations and allow us to reflect on the importance of knowledge creation theories for this analysis.
The Exiled Bishops of Constantinople from the Fourth to the Late Sixth Century
Authors: Kosiński Rafał
Published: August 2019

A number of cases of the bishops of Constantinople exiled over a period until as late as the close of the 6th century prove the fact that the rulers would always make an effort to remove the deposed bishops from the City, even though relocating the latter to specific destinations did not always have to be the case. In the 4th century, the bishops could withdraw to suburban districts or settle at their own estates, and it was not until the 5th century that depositions of the metropolitan bishops would involve, in principle, being deported to a specific place of exile. The purpose behind banishing a bishop from the City and putting him under supervision at a certain location was to prevent him from exerting any influence on the faithful in Constantinople. It should be also noted that sending a person into exile was a form of punishment, especially when the destination was a remote location exposed to harsh weather conditions or the threat of sudden incursions by bands of nomads or brigands. Results of an analysis of the accessibility of exile destinations provide substantial evidence for an overwhelming proportion of inland urban localities. Although many of such places would be located along or near various roads, they were generally situated far from the coast or the main routes to Constantinople.
The Transition from the Temple of Jupiter to the Great Mosque of Damascus in Architecture and Design
Authors: Sobczak Kamil
Published: August 2019

Great Mosque of Damascus was built between 705 and 715 by the Umayyad Caliph al-Walid I. However, the origins of this building dates to the distant past. At first it was a location of an ancient Aramaean temple dedicated to the god Hadad. With Hellenization the temple was dedicated to Zeus and in the first century BC the Romans transformation it into the Temple of Jupiter Damascenus. In 391 Emperor Theodosius converted the temple into Christian Cathedral of Saint John. Erection of the mosque by Caliph al-Walid I was under strong influence of earlier constructions. Meaning and consequences of such transitions, from the Roman temple (there is almost no data of the Aramaic building) through the Christian Cathedral to the Islamic mosque is an interesting process. Issue not only within the art and architecture, but what is more, in a religious aspect of the continuity of sacred space.
Comparison of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought Indicators across Ethiopia
Authors: Teweldebirhan Tsige Dawit , Uddameri Venkatesh , Forghanparast Farhang , Hernandez Elma , Ekwaro-Osire Stephen
Published: August 2019

Meteorological drought indicators are commonly used for agricultural drought contingency planning in Ethiopia. Agricultural droughts arise due to soil moisture deficits. While these deficits may be caused by meteorological droughts, the timing and duration of agricultural droughts need not coincide with the onset of meteorological droughts due to soil moisture buffering. Similarly, agricultural droughts can persist even after the cessation of meteorological droughts due to delayed hydrologic processes. Understanding the relationship between meteorological and agricultural droughts is therefore crucial. An evaluation framework was developed to compare meteorological and agricultural droughts using a suite of exploratory and confirmatory tools. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) was used to understand the covariation of meteorological and agricultural droughts. Comparisons were carried out between SPI-2, SPEI-2 and Palmer Z-index to assess intra-seasonal droughts and between SPI-6, SPEI-6 and PDSI for full-season evaluations. SPI was seen to correlate well with selected agricultural drought indicators but did not explain all the variability noted in agricultural droughts. The relationships between meteorological and agricultural droughts exhibited spatial variability which varied across indicators. SPI is better suited to predict non-agricultural drought states more so than agricultural drought states. Differences between agricultural and meteorological droughts must be accounted for better drought-preparedness planning.
How Well Can Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models Represent a Man-Made Structure: A Runway Case Study
Authors: Becek Kazimierz , Akgül Volkan , Inyurt Samed , Mekik Çetin , Pochwatka Patrycja
Published: August 2019

In this case study, an active runway of a civilian airport in Zonguldak, Turkey, is used to assess the suitability of spaceborne digital elevation models (DEMs) to model an anthropogenic structure. The tested DEMs include the ASTER, the AW3D30 m, the SRTM-1”, the SRTM-3”, the SRTM-X, the TanDEM-3”, and the WorldDEMTM. A photogrammetric high accuracy DEM was also available for the tests. As a reference dataset, a line leveling survey of the runway using a Leica Sprinter 150/150M instrument was performed. The selection of a runway as a testbed for this type of investigation is justified by its unique characteristics, including its flat surface, homogenous surface material, and availability for a ground survey. These characteristics are significant because DEMs over similar structures are free from environment- and target-induced error sources. The most accurate DEM is the WorldDEMTM followed by the SRTM-3” and TanDEM-3”, with vertical errors (LE90) equal to 1.291 m, 1.542 m, and 1.56 m, respectively. This investigation uses a method for identifying the vertical errors in DEMs that is known as the runway method.
Hypoglycemic, Antiglycation and Cytoprotective Properties of A Phenol Rich Extract from Waste Peel of Punica Granatum L. Var. Dente Di Cavallo DC2
Authors: Di Sotto Antonella , Locatelli Marcello , Macone Alberto , Toniolo Chiara , Cesa Stefania , Carradori Simone , Eufemi Margherita , Mazzanti Gabriela , Di Giacomo Silvia
Published: August 2019

Pomegranate peel is a natural source of phenolics, claimed to possess healing properties, among which antioxidant and antidiabetic. In line with this evidence, the ethyl acetate PGE extract, obtained by Soxhlet from the peel of Dente di cavallo DC2 variety and characterized by a 4% amount of ellagic acid, has been studied for its hypoglycemic, antiglycation and antioxidative cytoprotective properties, in order to support a possible further nutraceutical interest. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, interference with advanced glycation end-products (AGE) formation and metal chelating abilities were evaluated as hypoglycemic mechanisms. Also, considering that oxidative stress is associated with hyperglycemia complications, PGE antioxidant cytoprotective properties under hyperglycemic conditions were assayed. Phenolic profile was characterized by integrated chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Under our experimental conditions, PGE strongly inhibited the tested enzymes, especially α-glucosidase, and exerted chelating and antiglycation properties. Also, it reduced both ROS and GSH levels under hyperglycemic conditions, thus suggesting its ability to support cell functions by counteracting intracellular oxidative stress. Along with ellagic acid, rutin was the major identified flavonoid (about 4 %) of PGE. Present results suggest PGE to be a possible remedy for hyperglycemia management and encourage further studies to exploit its promising properties.
Role of a RhoA/ROCK-Dependent Pathway on Renal Connexin43 Regulation in the Angiotensin II-Induced Renal Damage
Authors: Gómez Gonzalo I. , Velarde Victoria , Sáez Juan C.
Published: August 2019

In various models of chronic kidney disease, the amount and localization of Cx43 in the nephron is known to increase, but the intracellular pathways that regulate these changes have not been identified. Therefore, we proposed that: "In the model of renal damage induced by infusion of angiotensin II (AngII), a RhoA/ROCK-dependent pathway, is activated and regulates the abundance of renal Cx43”. In rats, we evaluated: 1) the time-point where the renal damage induced by AngII is no longer reversible; and 2) the involvement of a RhoA/ROCK-dependent pathway and its relationship with the amount of Cx43 in this irreversible stage. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal function (urinary protein/urinary creatinine: Uprot/UCrea) were evaluated as systemic and organ outcomes, respectively. In kidney tissue, we also evaluated: 1) oxidative stress (amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive species), 2) inflammation (immunoperoxidase detection of the inflammatory markers ED-1 and IL-1β), 3) fibrosis (immune detection of type III collagen; Col III) and 4) activity of RhoA/ROCK (amount of phosphorylated MYPT1; p-MYPT1). The ratio Uprot/UCrea, SBP, oxidative stress, inflammation, amount of Cx43 and p-MYPT1 remained high 2 weeks after suspending AngII treatment in rats treated for 4 weeks with AngII. These responses were not observed in rats treated with AngII for less than 4 weeks, in which all measurements returned spontaneously close to the control values after suspending AngII treatment. Rats treated with AngII for 6 weeks and co-treated for the last 4 weeks with Fasudil, an inhibitor of ROCK, showed high SBP but did not present renal damage or increased amount of renal Cx43. Therefore, renal damage induced by AngII correlates with the activation of RhoA/ROCK and the increase in Cx43 amounts and can be prevented by inhibitors of this pathway.
Superluminal Neutrinos: Experimental Data and New Interpretative Theories
Authors: Nanni Luca
Published: August 2019

In this study the data of the OPERA and MINOS experiments, together with those related to the SN1987A supernova, are discussed in the context of the recent theories proposed for the superluminal muon neutrino. It is proved that for the models in which the Lorentz symmetry is violated, the decay mechanism leading to neutrino oscillation becomes possible. Within this framework, a new model based on the Hartman effect is proposed, according to which the neutrino becomes superluminal by quantum tunnelling, crossing a potential barrier generated by its interaction with the earth's crust matter. This model does not violate the Lorentz symmetry since the tachyonic state is generated by the quantum fluctuation of the neutrino initial energy, even if it requires to conjecture the presence of a quantum field that we ascribe to be that due to dark matter. In this model all superluminal neutrino decay mechanisms proposed in other studies are allowed. The hypothetical boson mediating the interaction between neutrino and dark matter is also discussed.