bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous late dislocation of IOL in a case of Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Kulariya Anand Kumar , Baishya Bipul , Vyas C S , Chauhan Arvind
Published: November 2012

We report a case of pseudo exfoliation (PEX) syndrome with decentration of IntraOcular Lens (IOL) in right eye and dislocation in left eye. A 60 year old patient presented to us with history of sudden diminution of vision (FC at 2 meter) in left eye (LE) without any trauma or pain. On examination his left eye showed PEX on pupillary margin and over surface of iris with mild aqueous flare and aphakia. His right eye (RE) showed IOL decentration in pupillary area with glaucomatous optic atrophy. On indirect ophthalmoscopy his IOL was found to be dropped in posterior vitreous cavity in LE. The Patient gave history of both eyes cataract surgery with IOL 24 years back with good postoperative visual recovery. Treatment options available are placement of an anterior chamber IOL, scleral fixation of IOL, iris claw lens or by fibrin glue-assisted suture less fixation of IOL. As LE was only seeing eye with myopia and glaucoma, so we did not remove IOL and gave aphakic glasses. His visual status remained stable during subsequent follow up.
Retinoblastoma in an Adult Male: A Case Report
Authors: Goel Shilpa , Nayaka Ashray , Kamlesh  , Rastogi Anju , Rao Seema
Published: November 2012

Retinoblastoma (Rb), known to be the most common intraocular malignancy in children less then 5 years, is an extremely rare diagnosis in adults. To our knowledge only 24 cases of Rb in adults have been reported in literature. We describe a case of Rb in a 50 year old male who presented with four months history of diminution of vision in the right eye which on examination revealed an intraocular mass with exudative retinal detachment and surface telengiactatic vessels. Ultrasound and Computerized Tomography Scan (CT) scan did not reveal any calcification and a clinical diagnosis of amelanotic choroidal melanoma was made. The patient underwent enucleation of the right eye. Histopathological examination showed the characteristic features of Rb. Immunohistochemistry with neuron specific enolase was positive confirming the diagnosis. Rb should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any amelanotic intraocular mass in adults.
Unusual Presentation of Orbital Neuroblastoma after Evisceration
Authors: Kujur Swati , Khandey Devesh
Published: November 2012

This is a case report of a 17 year old girl having protruding mass from evicerated left eye which was associated with severe ocular pain. Mass was about 3.6 × 5.8 cm in size, histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry report confirm Neuroblastoma.
Extraocular Muscle Cysticercosis Masquerading Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome(IOIS)
Authors: Babber Meenu , Baisakhiya Shikha , Manjhi Prafulla , Sharma Neha , Chopra Nipun
Published: November 2012

Intraocular infection by Cysticercus cellulosae larva are often found as part of a generalized systemic infestation. Reports of orbital adnexal cysticercosis are uncommon, despite the high incidence of brain and ocular involvement. With isolated infestation of extraocular muscle being exceedingly rare, we at our institute report a rare case of isolated right inferior rectus muscle cysticercosis which presented with unilateral eccentric proptosis and restriction of upgaze
Aesthetic Surgery - Current Trends
Authors: Goel Amit , Goel Ruchi
Published: November 2012

Aesthetic surgeries attempt to restore the youthful appearance of an aging individual. The techniques vary with the aging changes, patient expectations and the surgeon's expertise. There are various procedures performed by practitioners of different specialties. The commonly practiced surgeries like blepharoplasty, brow lift, face lift, rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, hair transplant, liposuction and bariatric surgery shall be discussed in this article.
Fillers in Ophthalmic Practice
Authors: Kamal Saurabh , Goel Ruchi , Bodh Sonam Angmo , Kumar Sushil
Published: November 2012

The field of soft tissue augmentation has had a rapid growth over the past several years, mainly due to the development of fillers which are now routinely utilized for rejuvenation of the skin. Understanding the different characteristics, capabilities, risks, and limitations of the available dermal and subdermal fillers can help physicians improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of complications. The longer lasting, less immunogenic and more convenient hyaluronic acid fillers have now become the gold standard.
Looking in the Same Manner but Seeing it Differently: Bottom‐up and Expertise Effects in Radiology
Authors: Kok Ellen M. , de Bruin Anique B. H. , Robben Simon G. F. , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G.
Published: November 2012

Models of expertise differences in radiology often do not take into account visual differences between diseases. This study investigates the bottom‐up effects of three types of images on viewing patterns of students, residents and radiologists: focal diseases (localized abnormality), diffuse diseases (distributed abnormality) and images showing no abnormalities (normal). Participants inspected conventional chest radiographs while their eye movements were recorded. Regardless of expertise, in focal diseases, participants fixated relatively long at specific locations, whereas in diffuse diseases, fixations were more dispersed and shorter. Moreover, for students, dispersion of fixations was higher on diffuse compared with normal images, whereas for residents and radiologists, dispersion was highest on normal images. Despite this difference, students showed relatively high performance on normal images but low performance on focal and diffuse images. Viewing patterns were strongly influenced by bottom‐up stimulus effects. Although viewing behavior of students was similar to that of radiologists, they lack knowledge that helps them diagnose the disease correctly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using General Problem‐solving Strategies to Generate Ideas in Order to Solve Geography Problems
Authors: Youssef Amina , Ayres Paul , Sweller John
Published: November 2012

It is argued that some general problem‐solving strategies are a form of biologically primary knowledge (Geary, 2012) in that humans have acquired them over many generations and use them to solve novel problems. On the basis of this classification, cognitive load theory was used to predict that under certain conditions, novice learners could be taught to use such previously acquired strategies to solve a variety of domain‐specific problems. To test this prediction, forty‐five 14‐ to 15‐year‐old students were required to solve geography problems. During acquisition, one group of students was directed to use a general problem‐solving strategy based on generating as many ideas as possible, whereas a second group was required to problem‐solve conventionally. Results indicated that the general problem‐solving group solved more similar and transfer test problems than the conventional problem‐solving group. It was concluded that previously acquired general problem‐solving strategies can foster both learning and transfer, provided novice learners are directed to use them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Family of Conformationally Constrained Bicyclic Diarylprolinol Silyl Ethers as Organocatalysts
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Montroni Elisa , Quintavalla Arianna , Trombini Claudio
Published: November 2012

Simple chemical manipulations of trans‐4‐L‐hydroxy proline allow the access to a new family of bicyclic silyl ether organocatalysts that display some remarkable features. Apart from being extremely stable to hydrolytic conditions and possessing excellent catalytic performances, the rigidity of the bicyclic structure imposes a synclinal endo disposition of the bulky substituents with respect to the pyrrolidine ring, opposed to the more stable synclinal exo conformations of Jørgensen–Hayashi catalysts.
Network Analysis of Social Changes in a Captive Chimpanzee Community Following the Successful Integration of Two Adult Groups
Authors: SCHEL ANNE MARIJKE , RAWLINGS BRUCE , CLAIDIÈRE NICOLAS , WILKE CLAUDIA , WATHAN JEN , RICHARDSON JO , PEARSON SOPHIE , S. HERRELKO ELIZABETH , WHITEN ANDREW , SLOCOMBE KATIE
Published: November 2012

Chimpanzees are highly territorial and have the potential to be extremely aggressive toward unfamiliar individuals. In the wild, transfer between groups is almost exclusively completed by nulliparous females, yet in captivity there is often a need to introduce and integrate a range of individuals, including adult males. We describe the process of successfully integrating two groups of chimpanzees, each containing 11 individuals, in the Budongo Trail facility at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland's Edinburgh Zoo. We use social network analysis to document changes in group dynamics within this population over the 16 months following integration. Aggression rates were low overall and members of the two original groups engaged in significantly fewer aggressive interactions over time. Association and grooming data indicate that relationships between members of the original groups became stronger and more affiliative with time. Despite these positive indicators the association data revealed the continued existence of two distinct subgroups, a year after integration. Our data show that when given complex space and freedom to exhibit natural fission–fusion groupings, in which the chimpanzees choose whom they wish to associate and interact with, the building of strong affiliative relationships with unfamiliar individuals is a very gradual process. Am. J. Primatol. 75:254‐266, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skull Anatomy of the Bizarre Crocodylian Mourasuchus nativus (Alligatoridae, Caimaninae)
Authors: Bona Paula , Degrange Federico J. , Fernández Marta S.
Published: November 2012

Mourasuchus is a Miocene alligatorid endemic to South America, and is represented by four species. Together with the closely related Purussaurus, it is a peculiar crocodylian taxon of neogene Caimaninae and one of the most bizarre forms among eusuchian crocodiles. The phylogenetic relationships between Mourasuchus species have not been explored, and detailed skull descriptions are scarce. The goal of this study is to provide new data on skull morphology and cranial recesses in Mourasuchus nativus, including a new tomography analysis (3D modeling). We observed that several diagnostic characters of Purussaurus, such as lack of contact between the nasal and lacrimal, separation of the nasal and frontal by the prefrontals, and the posterior dorsal margin of the skull table, are shared with Mourasuchus. M. nativus is characterized by the presence of solid transverse squamosal eminences, large posttemporal fenestrae, and a quadrate laterocaudal bridge separating V2‐V3 trigeminal openings. Compared with other crocodylians, the endocast of M. nativus is similar in shape but quite sigmoid in lateral view, the canal of the supraorbital ramus of V2 is more vertically oriented, the thick tympanic branch canal opens in a large foramen aligned with trigeminal foramen, and the canal of the vagal (X) tympanic ramus is also very wide. Contrary to extant alligatorids, the median pharyngeal recess remains paired throughout its course and only connects its opposite fellow near the external ventral opening. The knowledge of the internal skull anatomy of Mourasuchus contributes to the understanding of the general morphology of alligatorids, Caimaninae, and their variation. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Facile synthesis and photophysical characterization of luminescent CdTe quantum dots for Forster resonance energy transfer based immunosensing of staphylococcal enterotoxin B
Authors: Vinayaka Aaydha C. , Thakur Munna S.
Published: November 2012

Aqueous phase synthesis of CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with surface functionalization for bioconjugation remains the best approach for biosensing and bioimaging applications. We present a facile aqueous phase method to prepare CdTe QDs by adjusting precursor and ligand concentrations. CdTe QDs had photoluminescence quantum yield up to ≈33% with a narrow spectral distribution. The powder X‐ray diffraction profile elucidated characteristic broad peaks of zinc blende cubic CdTe nanoparticles with 2.5–3 nm average crystalline size having regular spherical morphology as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Infra‐red spectroscopy confirmed disappearance of characteristic absorptions for –SH thiols inferring thiol coordinated CdTe nanoparticles. The effective molar concentration of 1 : 2.5 : 0.5 respectively for Cd2+/3‐mercaptopropionic acid/HTe– at pH 9 ± 0.2 resulted in CdTe quantum dots of 2.2–3.06 nm having band gap in the range 2.74–2.26 eV respectively. Later, QD523 and QD601 were used for monitoring staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB; a bacterial superantigen responsible for food poisoning) using Forster resonance energy transfer based two QD fluorescence. QD523 and QD601 were bioconjugated to anti‐SEB IgY antibody and SEB respectively according to carbodiimide protocol. The mutual affinity between SEB and anti‐SEB antibody was relied upon to obtain efficient energy transfer between respective QDs resulting in fluorescence quenching of QD523 and fluorescence enhancement of QD601. Presence of SEB in the range 1–0.05 µg varied the rate of fluorescence quenching of QD523, thereby demonstrating efficient use of QDs in the Forster resonance energy transfer based immunosensing method by engineering the QD size. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional nanoscale biomolecular materials
Authors: Dordick Jonathan S.
Published: November 2012

Various approaches have been developed to exploit the functional properties of proteins and the structural properties of nanoscale materials. These range from biomolecule‐nanomaterial hybrids and biocatalytically‐generated self‐assembled amphiphiles to protein‐based structural templates. This commentary by Jonathan Dordick, discusses the article by Douglas Clark and colleagues, in which the authors report a study on the extremophilic protein γ‐prefoldin (γPFD).

See accompanying article by Dominic J. Glover et al. DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200009
Catalysis with CuII(bpy) improves alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment
Authors: Li Zhenglun , Chen Charles H. , Liu Tongjun , Mathrubootham Vaidyanathan , Hegg Eric L. , Hodge David B.
Published: November 2012

Copper(II) 2,2′‐bipyridine (CuII(bpy))‐catalyzed alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment was performed on three biomass feedstocks including alkali pre‐extracted switchgrass, silver birch, and a hybrid poplar cultivar. This catalytic approach was found to improve the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of plant cell wall polysaccharides to monosaccharides for all biomass types at alkaline pH relative to uncatalyzed pretreatment. The hybrid poplar exhibited the most significant improvement in enzymatic hydrolysis with monomeric sugar release and conversions more than doubling from 30% to 61% glucan conversion, while lignin solubilization was increased from 36.6% to 50.2% and hemicellulose solubilization was increased from 14.9% to 32.7%. It was found that CuII(bpy)‐catalyzed AHP pretreatment of cellulose resulted in significantly more depolymerization than uncatalyzed AHP pretreatment (78.4% vs. 49.4% decrease in estimated degree of polymerization) and that carboxyl content the cellulose was significantly increased as well (fivefold increase vs. twofold increase). Together, these results indicate that CuII(bpy)‐catalyzed AHP pretreatment represents a promising route to biomass deconstruction for bioenergy applications. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1078–1086. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A PEGylated Fluorescent Turn‐On Sensor for Detecting Fluoride Ions in Totally Aqueous Media and Its Imaging in Live Cells
Authors: Zheng Fangyuan , Zeng Fang , Yu Changmin , Hou Xianfeng , Wu Shuizhu
Published: November 2012

Owing to the considerable significance of fluoride anions for health and environmental issues, it is of great importance to develop methods that can rapidly, sensitively and selectively detect the fluoride anion in aqueous media and biological samples. Herein, we demonstrate a robust fluorescent turn‐on sensor for detecting the fluoride ion in a totally aqueous solution. In this study, a biocompatible hydrophilic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is incorporated into the sensing system to ensure water solubility and to enhance biocompatibility. tert‐Butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) groups were then covalently introduced onto the fluorescein moiety, which effectively quenched the fluorescence of the sensor. Upon addition of fluoride ion, the selective fluoride‐mediated cleavage of the SiO bond leads to the recovery of the fluorescein moiety, resulting in a dramatic increase in fluorescence intensity under visible light excitation. The sensor is responsive and highly selective for the fluoride anion over other common anions; it also exhibits a very low detection limit of 19 ppb. In addition, this sensor is operative in some real samples such as running water, urine, and serum and can accurately detect fluoride ions in these samples. The cytotoxicity of the sensor was determined to be Grade I toxicity according to United States Pharmacopoeia and ISO 10993‐5, suggesting the very low cytotoxicity of the sensor. Moreover, it was found that the senor could be readily internalized by both HeLa and L929 cells and the sensor could be utilized to track fluoride level changes inside the cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Ionic Conductivity of the Molybdenum Arsenate: Ag12.4Na1.6Mo18As4O71 .
Authors: Hajji M. , Zid M. F.
Published: November 2012

Crystals and polycrystalline powders of the title compound are prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of (NH4)3AsO4, (NH4)2Mo4O13, AgNO3, and Na2CO3 (673 K for 24 h and 793 K for 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Decomposition and Recovery Behaviors of Layered Gadolinium Hydroxychloride.
Authors: Lee Seoung‐Soo , Lee Byung‐Il , Kim Seung‐joo , Byeon Song‐Ho , Kang Jun‐Kun
Published: November 2012

Combined analyses of thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry reveals that the thermal decomposition of Gd2(OH)5Cl·nH2O to Gd2O3 and GdOCl is completed at 1050 °C under atmospheric air containing a considerable amount of water.
ChemInform Abstract: BaSi4O6N2 — A Hexacelsian‐Type Layered Oxonitridosilicate.
Authors: Braun Cordula , Ehrenberg Helmut , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2012

The new title compound is prepared from BaSi2O2N2 powder (obtained from BaCO3 and α‐Si3N4 at 1350 °C for 1 h) using the multi‐anvil technique (h‐BN capsule, 14 GPa, 1000 °C, 12 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Titanyl Iodate — A Promising Material for Infrared Nonlinear Optics Showing Structural Similarities with KTP.
Authors: Suffren Yan , Gautier‐Luneau Isabelle
Published: November 2012

TiO(IO3)2 is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of TiOSO4 and HIO3 (autoclave, 220 °C, 24 h, 60% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Synthesis of Strained Bicyclic Carboxylic and Boronic Amino Esters via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Tandem Carbene Addition/Cyclopropanation of Enynes.
Authors: Vovard‐Le Bray Chloe , Klein Hubert , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Mace Aurelie , Berree Fabienne , Carboni Bertrand , Derien Sylvie
Published: November 2012

A variety of 1,6‐ and 1,7‐enynes are examined in the reaction with silyldiazomethane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active 4‐Substituted 2‐Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Houjeiry Tania I. , Poe Sarah L. , McQuade D. Tyler
Published: November 2012

The pyrrolidine efficiently promotes the cyclization of keto aldehydes of type (I) to afford various 4‐substituted 2‐cyclohexenones.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Alkyllithium Reagents to Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Fernandez‐Mateos Emilio , Macia Beatriz , Yus Miguel
Published: November 2012

For the first time a simple, mild, and fast one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of highly valuable optically active alcohols from economical and commercially available lithium reagents is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: pH‐Independent Transfer Hydrogenation in Water: Catalytic, Enantioselective Reduction of β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Ariger Martin A. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: November 2012

In the presence of an optimized moisture‐ and air‐stable iridium catalyst, aromatic/heteroaromatic ketoesters are reduced by formic acid/sodium formate in excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides Using a Bulky Diphosphine Ligand.
Authors: de la Fuente Veronica , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen , Castillon Sergio
Published: November 2012

The reactions proceed with 99% chemoselectivity for the formation of the desired amides, whereas the formation of α‐ketoamides is suppressed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl‐Substituted Naphthalenes by Chemoselective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of Bromo‐trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy‐naphthalenes. Influence of Steric and Electronic Parameters.
Authors: Hassan Zahid , Hussain Munawar , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: November 2012

For all substrates the first attack is observed at the brominated carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Silica‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles and Its Application in the Heck Reaction.
Authors: Ghiaci Mehran , Valikhani Donya , Sadeghi Zahra
Published: November 2012

The catalyst is highly efficient in the process and can be reused several times without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Arbuzov Chemistry with Chlorofullerene C60Cl6: A Powerful Method for Selective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized [60]Fullerene Derivatives
Authors: Yurkova Anastasiya A. , Khakina Ekaterina A. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Chernyak Alexander , Shmygleva Lyubov , Peregudov Alexander S. , Martynenko Vyacheslav M. , Dobrovolskiy Yury A. , Troshin Pavel A.
Published: November 2012

such as phosphoric acid (I) and its esters (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Gabapentin Analogues via Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of α‐Branched Aldehydes to β‐Nitroacrylates.
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Masaki Erika , Ikehara Hiroto , Hara Shoji
Published: November 2012

An effective mixture of L‐phenylalanine and its lithium salt is presented as catalyst in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: From Propargylic Amides to Functionalized Oxazoles: Domino Gold Catalysis/Oxidation by Dioxygen.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Jaimes Maria Camila Blanco , Schuster Andreas M. , Rominger Frank
Published: November 2012

A new and highly efficient method to prepare 2,5‐disubstituted oxazoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: BiX3 and FeX3‐Promoted Prins Cyclization of Enol Ethers in CH2Cl2.
Authors: Yang Yi , Jia Pingjing , Liu Suping , Yu Wei
Published: November 2012

Also FeCl3 or FeBr3 can be used as catalyst yielding similar results.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,1′‐{3‐[(Alkylsulfanyl)methyl] tetrahydro‐2H‐thiopyran‐3,5‐diyl}diethanones from Sodium Sulfide and Thiols.
Authors: Baeva L. A. , Biktasheva L. F. , Nikitina T. S. , Fatykhov A. A. , Lyapina N. K.
Published: November 2012

The direct condensation of thiols (I) with formaldehyde (II), acetone (III) and sodium sulfide leads to title compounds (IV) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Solvent Free Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Using β‐Cyclodextrin as a Supramolecular Catalyst.
Authors: Patil Dipak R. , Dalal Dipak S.
Published: November 2012

The applied catalyst can be reused several times.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel and Highly Regioselective Route to Construct Methylthio‐Substituted Pyridazines from Aryl Methyl Ketones at Room Temperature.
Authors: Wu Liuming , Yang Yan , Gao Meng , Zhang Dongxue , Shu Wenming , Zhu Yanping , Wu Anxin
Published: November 2012

The title compounds (II) are versatile intermediates for further transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Alkoxy‐6,9‐dichloro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoxalines as Inhibitors of TNF‐α and IL‐6.
Authors: Guirado Antonio , Lopez Sanchez Jose I. , Ruiz‐Alcaraz Antonio J. , Bautista Delia , Galvez Jesus
Published: November 2012

The approach to the unprecedented triazoloquinoxalines (VIII), whose synthesis appear to be unfeasible by other methods, involves dichlorodicyanoquinoxaline (III) as a cheap key intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Controlled Highly Selective Copper‐Catalyzed Borylcuprations of Allenes with Bis(pinacolato)diboron.
Authors: Yuan Weiming , Ma Shengming
Published: November 2012

Depending on the type of ligand, either alkenyl boronates (III) or (V) are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: (.+‐.)‐1,1′‐Binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diol‐derived Phosphoric Diester: Immobilization on Polyethylene Glycol Support and Application in the Pudovik Reaction.
Authors: Beletskaya I. P. , Patrikeeva L. S. , Lamaty F.
Published: November 2012

Racemic PEG‐supported‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diphosphoric acids are synthesized using a click chemistry approach as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Diterpenes from Solidago canadensis
Authors: Zeng Zhi‐Xin , Ma Wen‐Hui , Li Yong‐Le , Han Ting , Zheng Cheng‐Jian , Qin Lu‐Ping
Published: November 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of solidagocanins A (Ia) and B (Ib)
ChemInform Abstract: In silico Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of 3′‐O‐Benzylated Analogues of Salacinol, a Potent α‐Glucosidase Inhibitor Isolated from an Ayurvedic Traditional Medicine “Salacia”.
Authors: Muraoka Osamu , et al. et al.
Published: November 2012

The α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities of (IV) and (V) are tested in vitro compared with those of salacinol, neosalacinol, and antidiabetics (voglibose and acarbose).
ChemInform Abstract: Sinoraculine, the Precursor of the Novel Alkaloid Sinoracutine from Stephania cepharantha Hayata
Authors: He Li , Deng Lu‐Lu , Mu Shu‐Zhen , Sun Qian‐Yun , Hao Xiao‐Jiang , Zhang Yuan‐Hu
Published: November 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of sinoraculine (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthetic Route to the C‐Nucleoside, 2‐Deoxy Benzamide Riboside.
Authors: Midtkandal Rebecca R. , Redpath Philip , Trammell Samuel A. J. , Macdonald Simon J. F. , Brenner Charles , Migaud Marie E.
Published: November 2012

The synthesis of 2‐deoxy benzamide riboside (XI) proceeds via the preparation of the m‐vinyl substituted phenyl exo‐alkene key intermediate (VII) which provides the necessary flexibility to access the m‐carboxamide substituent, essential to benzamide riboside analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Dislocations in Icosahedral Quasicrystals
Authors: Feuerbacher Michael
Published: November 2012

Review: of the well explored systems Al—Pd—Mn and Zn—Mg—Dy; 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Microscopy of Quasicrystals — Where Are the Atoms?
Authors: Abe Eiji
Published: November 2012

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Uses of Organoselenium and Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: November 2012

Review: 362 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Does Chemistry Have a Future in Therapeutic Innovations?
Authors: Meunier Bernard
Published: November 2012

Review: 30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibitors for the Immuno‐ and Constitutive Proteasome: Current and Future Trends in Drug Development
Authors: Huber Eva Maria , Groll Michael
Published: November 2012

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Electron Transfer by Anion Binding
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ohkubo Kei , D'Souza Francis , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: November 2012

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chelate Extraction of Metals into Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hirayama Naoki
Published: November 2012

Review: 117 refs.
Biomonitoring of Ni and V Contamination Using Oysters (Saccostrea cucullata) at Lengeh Port, Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: Haidari Behnam , Bakhtiari Alireza Riyahi , Yavari Vhid , Kazemi Ali , Shirneshan Golshan
Published: November 2012

Vanadium and nickel are two important indicators of oil pollution. Lengthy exposure to these elements causes serious harmful effects in human health, different harsh allergies being examples. The accumulation of two heavy metals (Ni and V) in sediment and the soft and hard tissues of Saccostrea cucullata were analyzed at three sampling sites along the coast of Lengeh Port, Persian Gulf. Results indicated at all the sampling sites; the Ni levels in soft tissues (STs) were higher than in the shells (SHs) and sediments, whereas the V levels were higher in the sediments. In addition, meaningful relationship (r = 0.65; p < 0.05) was observed across Ni levels in ST of S. cucullata and sediment, while for V concentrations a strong relationship (r = 0.83; p < 0.01) was found in SH of S. cucullata and sediment. This indicates that ST and SH of oyster can be considered as a biomonitoring agent for Ni and V levels, in coastal waters, respectively. The exposure of the consumer is compared directly to minimal risk level and provisional maximum tolerable daily intake. Result indicated that levels of Ni and V were within the safety limits for human consumption.
Optimal Regularity for the No‐Sign Obstacle Problem
Authors: Andersson John , Lindgren Erik , Shahgholian Henrik
Published: November 2012

In this paper we prove the optimal $C^{1,1}(B_{1/2})$‐regularity for a general obstacle‐type problem

under the assumption that $f*N$ is $C^{1,1}(B_1)$, where N is the Newtonian potential. This is the weakest assumption for which one can hope to get $C^{1,1}$‐regularity. As a by‐product of the $C^{1,1}$‐regularity we are able to prove that, under a standard thickness assumption on the zero set close to a free boundary point $x^0$, the free boundary is locally a $C^1$‐graph close to $x^0$ provided f is Dini. This completely settles the question of the optimal regularity of this problem, which has been the focus of much attention during the last two decades. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The development of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in rhesus monkeys: Effects of age, sex, and early experience
Authors: Koch Hannah , McCormack Kai , Sanchez Mar M. , Maestripieri Dario
Published: November 2012

We investigated the development of the HPA axis in group‐living rhesus monkeys. Forty‐three infants were studied from birth through their third year of life; 22 infants were physically abused by their mothers, while 21 infants were not abused. Plasma cortisol levels in basal conditions and in response to a novel environment test were assessed at 6‐month intervals. Both basal and stress cortisol increased steadily from 6 to 24 months of age and then dropped. Across all ages, stress cortisol levels were significantly higher than the basal levels. The cortisol responses to stress at 30 and 36 months of age were significantly lower than the responses at all other ages. At most ages there was an inverse relationship between basal and stress cortisol levels. Individual differences in basal cortisol levels were generally stable in the first 2 years and more variable in the third year while the opposite for true for cortisol responses to stress. At the end of the first year, but not later in life, abused infants had higher cortisol levels than controls across the basal and stress conditions. Rates of social interactions with the mother and other group members were positively correlated with basal cortisol levels early in life, and with cortisol responses to stress later in life. Altogether, these results indicate that there are strong individual differences in HPA function, that there is a relationship between basal activity and stress reactivity, and that early abuse has the short‐term effect of increasing both basal activity and stress reactivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 86–95, 2014.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Binary Ni–Co Hydroxides and Carbonate Hydroxides as Pseudosupercapacitors
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Kamachi Yuichiro , Huang Hou‐Sheng , Chen Lin‐Chi , Wu Kevin C.‐W. , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: November 2012

A series of binary Ni–Co hydroxides and Ni–Co carbonate hydroxides with various shapes and compositions was successfully synthesized by a one‐step and reliable method assisted by an amphiphilic block copolymer. After thermal treatment at 200 °C, the as‐prepared samples could be activated and their surface areas could be increased. With increasing Co content, the shapes of the final products changed from flower‐ to fiber‐ and plate‐like structures. The synthesized binary Ni–Co sample with an optimized composition of Ni2+/Co2+ = 25:75 exhibited high surface area and a capacitance of 632 F g–1 at 5 mV s–1 with negligible capacitance loss after 1000 cycles. The capacitance value of the binary Ni–Co sample is higher than that of Ni hydroxide itself, and this improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the binary Co2+/Co3+ and Ni2+/Ni3+ couples that afford rich faradic capacitance and enhanced conductivity.
Effect of the addition of hardfats on the physical properties of cocoa butter
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Badan , Basso Rodrigo Corrêa , Kieckbusch Theo Guenter
Published: November 2012

Fully hydrogenated oils, also known as hardfats, are currently employed in a limited number of applications in the food and chemical industries. The use of these compounds has been proposed for the improvement or standardization of the physical properties of lipid systems, showing great potential for use in the production of chocolate, confectionery, and similar products. This work evaluated the addition of different hardfats on the physicochemical properties of cocoa butter (CB). Fully hydrogenated oils with significantly different chemical composition, obtained from palm kernel oil (FHPKO), palm oil (FHPO), cottonseed oil (FHCO), soybean oil (FHSO), and crambe oil (FHCrO), were evaluated for their fatty acid and triacylglycerol compositions. Blends of CB/hardfats, at concentrations of 1, 3, and 5% w/w were studied by determining the melting point, solid fat profiles, microstructure, and consistency. Hardfats FHPO, FHCO, FHSO e FHCrO proved to be effective additives to modulate the physical properties of CB. Major changes on the physical properties of CB were performed by the FHSO. FHPKO was found unsatisfactory as a modifier of the CB.

Practical applications: The use of hardfats as crystallization additives in products containing CB is here recommended for technological adjustments of CB formulations in relation to attributes like heat resistance and hardness, often necessary when commercialized in regions of warm climates or with large variation in temperature. The hardfats may act as potential modulators of CB crystallization, aiming to obtain higher quality products and significant cost reduction of industrial processing.
Simultaneous detection of 19 K‐ras mutations by free‐solution conjugate electrophoresis of ligase detection reaction products on glass microchips
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer Coyne , Kotani Akira , Lin Jennifer S. , Soper Steven A. , Barron Annelise E.
Published: November 2012

We demonstrate here the power and flexibility of free‐solution conjugate electrophoresis (FSCE) as a method of separating DNA fragments by electrophoresis with no sieving polymer network. Previous work introduced the coupling of FSCE with ligase detection reaction (LDR) to detect point mutations, even at low abundance compared to the wild‐type DNA. Here, four large drag‐tags are used to achieve free‐solution electrophoretic separation of 19 LDR products ranging in size from 42 to 66 nt that correspond to mutations in the K‐ras oncogene. LDR‐FSCE enabled electrophoretic resolution of these 19 LDR‐FSCE products by CE in 13.5 min (E = 310 V/cm) and by microchip electrophoresis in 140 s (E = 350 V/cm). The power of FSCE is demonstrated in the unique characteristic of free‐solution separations where the separation resolution is constant no matter the electric field strength. By microchip electrophoresis, the electric field was increased to the maximum of the power supply (E = 700 V/cm), and the 19 LDR‐FSCE products were separated in less than 70 s with almost identical resolution to the separation at E = 350 V/cm. These results will aid the goal of screening K‐ras mutations on integrated “sample‐in/answer‐out” devices with amplification, LDR, and detection all on one platform.
Mass transport in a porous microchannel for non‐Newtonian fluid with electrokinetic effects
Authors: Mondal Sourav , De Sirshendu
Published: November 2012

Quantification of mass transfer in porous microchannel is of paramount importance in several applications. Transport of neutral solute in presence of convective‐diffusive EOF having non‐Newtonian rheology, in a porous microchannel was presented in this article. The governing mass transfer equation coupled with velocity field was solved along with associated boundary conditions using a similarity solution method. An analytical solution of mass transfer coefficient and hence, Sherwood number were derived from first principles. The corresponding effects of assisting and opposing pressure‐driven flow and EOF were also analyzed. The influence of wall permeation, double‐layer thickness, rheology, etc. on the mass transfer was also investigated. Permeation at the wall enhanced the mass transfer coefficient more than five times compared to impervious conduit in case of pressure‐driven flow assisting the EOF at higher values of κh. Shear thinning fluid exhibited more enhancement of Sherwood number in presence of permeation compared to shear thickening one. The phenomenon of stagnation was observed at a particular κh (∼2.5) in case of EOF opposing the pressure‐driven flow. This study provided a direct quantification of transport of a neutral solute in case of transdermal drug delivery, transport of drugs from blood to target region, etc.
Methylation alterations at imprinted genes detected among long‐term shiftworkers
Authors: Jacobs Daniel I. , Hansen Johnni , Fu Alan , Stevens Richard G. , Tjonneland Anne , Vogel Ulla B. , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhu Yong
Published: November 2012

Exposure to light at night through shiftwork has been linked to alterations in DNA methylation and increased risk of cancer development. Using an Illumina Infinium Methylation Assay, we analyzed methylation levels of 397 CpG sites in the promoter regions of 56 normally imprinted genes to investigate whether shiftwork is associated with alteration of methylation patterns. Methylation was significantly higher at 20 CpG sites and significantly lower at 30 CpG sites (P < 0.05) in 10 female long‐term shiftworkers as compared to 10 female age‐ and folate intake‐matched day workers. The strongest evidence for altered methylation patterns in shiftworkers was observed for DLX5, IGF2AS, and TP73 based on the magnitude of methylation change and consistency in the direction of change across multiple CpG sites, and consistent results were observed using quantitative DNA methylation analysis. We conclude that long‐term shiftwork may alter methylation patterns at imprinted genes, which may be an important mechanism by which shiftwork has carcinogenic potential and warrants further investigation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of the Lanthanum Tungstate/Pr2NiO4 Half Cell for Application in Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Quarez E. , Oumellal Y. , Joubert O.
Published: November 2012

La6WO12, recently reformulated La28–xW4+xO54+3x/2 exhibits a good level of protonic conductivity and chemical stability toward acidic gases. It is therefore a potential material for use as electrolyte in proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (PC‐SOFC). Pr2NiO4 is a cathode material tested for SOFC in which proton conductivity has been demonstrated recently. In this study, compatibility between lanthanum tungstate and praseodymium nickelate has been investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructure of symmetrical cells based on the lanthanum tungstate and Pr2NiO4 has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and performance of the cathode has been evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) through the value of the area specific resistance (ASR). To optimize the ASR value, different parameters were modified such as the Pr2NiO4 calcination temperature, the firing temperature of the symmetrical cells, the thickness of the Pr2NiO4 layer, and the composition of the composite cathode. An ASR value of 0.46 Ω cm2 at 700 °C has been obtained showing that lanthanum tungstate electrolyte associated with Pr2NiO4 cathode is a promising half cell for application in PC‐SOFC.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS WITH SEMI‐ANONYMOUS MATCHING
Authors: Engelhardt Bryan , Kurt Mark R. , Polgreen Philip M.
Published: November 2012

We analyze the spread of sexually transmitted infections in an environment where individuals search for a sexual partner and, when found, cannot verify whether his partner is infected. Decisions are based on a variety of factors including the proportion infected, the likelihood of safe sex, the rate of detection and treatment, the cost of infection, and the length of search. The model demonstrates how directed search induces a separating equilibrium and, as a result, supports empirical evidence demonstrating the importance of sero‐sorting. Furthermore, the model reinforces arguments that decreasing the costs of infection increases the infection rate. The model is calibrated, and the policy implications are analyzed within the context of men who have sex with men. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence of and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: National data from Japan
Authors: Harada Kenichi , Hirohara Junko , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Nakano Toshiaki , Kakuda Yuko , Tsubouchi Hirohito , Ichida Takafumi , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: November 2012

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) primarily affects females and is rarely complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the HCC incidence in PBC patients is low, several characteristics and risk factors associated with its development have been reported. In this study, national data concerning the current status of carcinogenesis in PBC patients in Japan are reviewed. Using data from two national questionnaire surveys, we investigated the clinicopathological findings associated with HCC in PBC patients. According to the data of all reviewed PBC patients, the HCC incidence was 2.4% (71/2946). The HCC incidence by gender was 5.1% (19/370) in males and 2.0% (52/2576) in females, and the proportion of males was 26.7%. Prognosis was significantly poorer in the PBC patients with HCC than in those without. Multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with HCC by gender revealed histological stage at the time of PBC diagnosis as an independent risk factor associated with the development of HCC in females, but not in males. Furthermore, data from another national survey of 178 PBC patients with HCC (male/female = 49/129; proportion of males 27.5%) revealed that the duration between the diagnosis of PBC and that of HCC was significantly shorter in males than in females. In addition, histological stage at the time of HCC diagnosis was an independent risk factor for HCC in females, whereas no risk factors were identified in males.

Conclusion:

these data indicate that males are at risk of developing HCC at any histological stage of PBC. Therefore, male PBC patients in particular should be carefully screened for HCC from the early stages of PBC.
Divergent cellular pathways of hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation
Authors: Lee Jonathan L.C. , Hynds Robert E.
Published: November 2012

The reconsolidation of memories after their retrieval involves cellular mechanisms that recapitulate much of the initial consolidation process. However, we have previously demonstrated that there are independent cellular mechanisms of consolidation and reconsolidation in the dorsal hippocampus for contextual fear memories. Expression of BDNF was required for consolidation, while Zif268 expression was necessary for reconsolidation. Given the dichotomy between the obvious mechanistic similarity and notable dissociations between consolidation and reconsolidation, we sought to determine whether the separation at the level of gene expression reflected either parallel and independent upstream signaling pathways, or common upstream mechanisms that diverge by the level of transcriptional activation. Here we show that while consolidation and reconsolidation are commonly dependent upon NMDA receptor activation in the dorsal hippocampus there is a double dissociation between the effects of the MEK inhibitor U0126 and the IKK inhibitor sulfasalazine. Moreover, rescue experiments and western blot analyses show that there are functional NMDA receptor–ERK1–BDNF and NMDA receptor–IKKα–Zif268 pathways for consolidation and reconsolidation, respectively. Therefore, there are divergent pathways of hippocampal memory consolidation and reconsolidation, involving commonality at the cell surface, but separable downstream kinase cascades and transcriptional regulation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Losing sight of the future: Impaired semantic prospection following medial temporal lobe lesions
Authors: Race Elizabeth , Keane Margaret M. , Verfaellie Mieke
Published: November 2012

The ability to imagine the future (prospection) relies on many of the same brain regions that support memory for the past. To date, scientific research has primarily focused on the neural substrates of episodic forms of prospection (mental simulation of spatiotemporally specific future events); however, little is known about the neural substrates of semantic prospection (mental simulation of future nonpersonal facts). Of particular interest is the role of the medial temporal lobes (MTLs), and specifically the hippocampus. Although the hippocampus has been proposed to play a key role in episodic prospection, recent evidence suggests that it may not play a similar role in semantic prospection. To examine this possibility, amnesic patients with MTL lesions were asked to imagine future issues occurring in the public domain. The results showed that patients could list general semantic facts about the future, but when probed to elaborate, patients produced impoverished descriptions that lacked semantic detail. This impairment occurred despite intact performance on standard neuropsychological tests of semantic processing and did not simply reflect deficits in narrative construction. The performance of a patient with damage limited to the hippocampus was similar to that of the remaining patients with MTL lesions and amnesic patients' impaired elaboration of the semantic future correlated with their impaired elaboration of the semantic past. Together, these results provide novel evidence from MTL amnesia that memory and prospection are linked in the semantic domain and reveal that the MTLs play a critical role in the construction of detailed, multi‐element semantic simulations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of variable viscosity and thermal conductivity on heat transfer in a circular porous passage with axial conduction
Authors: Minaei Asgar , Karami Alimohammad
Published: November 2012

In this study, heat transfer in a circular porous passage with axial conduction and variable viscosity and thermal conductivity numerically has been investigated. Heat transfer for the different values of Da and Pe is investigated. The results found show that Nusselt distribution with variable viscosity does not significantly differ from that with constant viscosity in both thermally developing and fully developed regions. However, in the developing region there is a significant difference between Nusselt distribution with variable thermal conductivity and Nusselt distribution with constant thermal conductivity. In the fully developed region Nusselt distribution with variable and constant thermal conductivities does not drastically differ. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21028