bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic cigarettes and subsequent use of cigarettes in young people: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Conde Monserrat , Tudor Kate , Begh Rachna , Nolan Rebecca , Zhu Sufen , Kale Dimitra , Jackson Sarah , Livingstone‐Banks Jonathan , Lindson Nicola , Notley Caitlin , Hastings Janna , Cox Sharon , Pesko Michael F. , Thomas James , Hartmann‐Boyce Jamie
Published: June 2024

Background and aims

The use of e‐cigarettes may influence later smoking uptake in young people. Evidence and gap maps (EGMs) are interactive on‐line tools that display the evidence and gaps in a specific area of policy or research. The aim of this study was to map clusters and gaps in evidence exploring the relationship between e‐cigarette use or availability and subsequent combustible tobacco use in people aged < 30 years.

Methods

We conducted an EGM of primary studies and systematic reviews. A framework and an interactive EGM was developed in consultation with an expert advisory group. A systematic search of five databases retrieved 9057 records, from which 134 studies were included. Systematic reviews were appraised using AMSTAR‐2, and all included studies were coded into the EGM framework resulting in the interactive web‐based EGM. A descriptive analysis of key characteristics of the identified evidence clusters and gaps resulted in this report.

Results

Studies were completed between 2015 and 2023, with the first systematic reviews being published in 2017. Most studies were conducted in western high‐income countries, predominantly the United States. Cohort studies were the most frequently used study design. The evidence is clustered on e‐cigarette use as an exposure, with an absolute gap identified for evidence looking into the availability of e‐cigarettes and subsequent cessation of cigarette smoking. We also found little evidence analysing equity factors, and little exploring characteristics of e‐cigarette devices.

Conclusions

This evidence and gap map (EGM) offers a tool to explore the available evidence regarding the e‐cigarette use/availability and later cigarette smoking in people under the age of 30 years at the time of the search. The majority of the 134 reports is from high‐income countries, with an uneven geographic distribution. Most of the systematic reviews are of lower quality, suggesting the need for higher‐quality reviews. The evidence is clustered around e‐cigarette use as an exposure and subsequent frequency/intensity of current combustible tobacco use. Gaps in evidence focusing on e‐cigarette availability, as well as on the influence of equity factors may warrant further research. This EGM can support funders and researchers in identifying future research priorities, while guiding practitioners and policymakers to the current evidence base.
Effect of different physical activities on erectile dysfunction in adult men not receiving phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Zihao , Wang Jiaxin , Jia Junqiang , Wu Chunhui , Song Jiulong , Tu Jiayuan
Published: June 2024

Background

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is prevalent not only among older males but also in younger. The physical activity has been considered a potential protective factor against ED. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the impact of exercise interventions specifically on ED patients.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the physical activity in addressing ED symptoms among adult males, without the use of the phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE5i) therapy. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of different exercise modes.

Methods

Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature search. A registered protocol is available at PROSPERO (CRD42023441717). Our search spanned PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, with data collection ending on 11 April 2024. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was applied by two independent authors to assess randomized controlled trial (RCT) quality. The primary endpoint was determined as the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores.

Results

A total of seven RCTs were included. Utilizing a random‐effects model, the estimated standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37 to 1.02, p < 0.0001) for the overall impact of the physical activity. Subgroup analysis revealed SMDs of 0.81 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.06; p < 0.00001) for aerobic training alone. However, no significant improvement was observed with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) (SMD 0.03; 95% CI −0.68 to 0.75; p = 0.93) and a combination of aerobic and resistance training (SMD 0.84; 95% CI −0.41 to 2.09; p = 0.19)

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlight a significant improvement in the erectile function following exercise interventions for adult men with ED, who are not receiving the PDE5i therapy, especially in conducting aerobic training alone. However, PFMT and a combination of aerobic and resistance training did not show significant improvements in erectile function from this study.
Fasciculoventricular accessory pathway masked extensive atrioventricular conduction system disease in a patient with PRKAG2 syndrome
Authors: Gong Fuhan , Yang Long , Liu Qifang
Published: June 2024

A 23‐year‐old male with a history of ventricular pre‐excitation and atrial flutter presented for evaluation after recurrent syncope. The possible mechanism of syncope erroneously attributed to pre‐excited atrial flutter with fast heart rates in the first hospitalization. The patient was found to have advanced heart block and PRKAG2 genetic mutation in the second hospitalization. The genetic findings and clinical features are consistent with PRKAG2 syndrome (PS). PS is a rare, autosomal dominant inherited disease, characterized by ventricular pre‐excitation, supraventricular tachycardia, and cardiac hypertrophy. It is frequently followed by atrial–fibrillation‐induced ventricular fibrillation and advanced heart blocks. An accurate differential diagnosis of syncope is important because of the different arrhythmic features and clinical course of PS.
Does investigating an elevated C‐reactive protein detect infectious complications earlier after major colorectal surgery? A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Singh Primal (Parry) , Ganguly Timothy , Do Jee Eun , Murphy Elizabeth
Published: June 2024

Background

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a useful negative predictor of infectious complications following colorectal surgery. Whilst a CRP level below reported cut‐offs on postoperative day (POD) 3 to 5 can be reassuring, it can be difficult to interpret an elevated CRP above these cut‐offs. This study evaluated whether investigating an elevated CRP on POD 3–5 allows earlier detection of infectious complications.

Methods

Adult patients undergoing elective colonic or rectal resection were prospectively evaluated over two consecutive time periods. Group 1 had CRP levels measured on POD 3–5 with routine clinical care while Group 2 followed an algorithm where CRP levels above certain cut‐offs (170 mg/L on POD3, 125 mg/L on POD4, or increase of 50 units from POD 3–4 or POD 4–5) led to an abdominopelvic CT scan and septic screen. Complications were graded as per the Clavien‐Dindo classification and Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI).

Results

120 patients were included in Group 1 and 60 patients were included in Group 2. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regards to patient, operation or disease characteristics. Whilst the overall complication burden was significantly greater in Group 2 (CCI 29.6 versus 12.2, P < 0.001), there were no significant differences between the groups in the day of diagnosis of infectious complication, the overall incidence, or type of complications.

Conclusion

Early investigation of an elevated or increasing CRP on POD 3–5 following elective major colorectal surgery did not allow earlier detection of infectious complications.
Autonomic nervous system dysregulation in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis
Authors: Angeli Maria , Bitsori Maria , Schiza Sophia E. , Mamoulakis Charalampos , Mavridis Charalampos , Georgiadis Georgios , Tzatzarakis Manolis , Galanakis Emmanouil
Published: June 2024

Aim

To investigate the role of autonomic nervous system in subpopulations of children with enuresis.

Methods

We included 35 children with enuresis, divided in children with (17) and without nocturnal polyuria (18) and 43 healthy controls. For all participants hormones and neurotransmitters were measured. Patients and controls wore a sleep tracker device and children with enuresis underwent a 24 h blood pressure monitoring, nocturnal urine output measurement and uroflowmetry.

Results

Children with enuresis had lower than controls copeptin and aldosterone, with the latter being more prominent in patients without nocturnal polyuria. Dopamine was lower in patients without nocturnal polyuria compared with patients with nocturnal polyuria. Children without polyuria experienced episodes only during NREM sleep, whereas in children with polyuria episodes occurred in both REM and NREM sleep. Children with enuresis experienced a non‐dipping phenomenon during sleep which was more prominent in the group without polyuria.

Conclusion

In patients with nocturnal polyuria, nocturnal enuresis is associated with sympathetic hyperactivity which results in pressure polyuria and significantly lower systolic dipping during sleep. On the contrary, in children without nocturnal polyuria, it is mostly associated with bladder overactivity due to parasympathetic overstimulation as demonstrated by the NREM‐related enuretic episodes and the lower aldosterone and dopamine levels.
Examining the drivers of changes in mean earnings and earnings inequality in Indonesia
Authors: Wihardja Maria Monica , Pradana Abror Tegar
Published: June 2024

This article examines the main drivers behind changes in mean earnings and earnings inequality in Indonesia between 2001/2002 (data for 2001 and 2002 are combined) and 2018. During this period, there was an increase in workers' education level, average age, job quality and mean earnings. More women participated in the labor market, but women earn lower wages than men, therefore mean earnings fell. For the overall period, a decline in educational returns at all levels of education contributed negatively to earnings. Narrowing wage premia across provinces contributed to the increase in mean earnings. Indonesia's Gini index rose during this period, driven by the education distribution effect and the spatial location (place of residence) premium effect. Although improvement in education levels increased mean earnings, this was inequality‐increasing due to the “paradox of progress” (exponential wage returns to education). There is a need for complementary policies to attenuate the inequality‐increasing education and spatial location effects as well as gender wage gap.
Psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale – Young Adult version
Authors: Ienna Adrian F. , Sicouri Gemma , Peters Lorna , Hudson Jennifer L.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

A life interference measure specifically designed for young adults with anxiety and depressive symptoms does not currently exist. This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a brief self‐report measure of life interference associated with young adult anxiety and depression, the Child Anxiety and Depression Life Interference Scale – Young Adult version (CADLIS‐YA).

Design

Cross‐sectional, correlational and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Methods

Five‐hundred and thirty‐two participants aged 18–24 years recruited from an undergraduate and community sample completed the CADLIS‐YA.

Results

An EFA supported a three‐factor model describing the impact of young adult anxiety and depression on social life, family and daily life interference. Test–retest reliability and internal consistency were good to excellent. Convergent validity was demonstrated, and the scale differentiated between young adults with and without elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms. Support for divergent validity was limited.

Conclusions

The CADLIS‐YA is a reliable and valid life interference measure for young adults with symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is potentially suitable for administration in low‐resource research settings and it has promise for use in clinical settings; however, it needs validation in a clinical sample.
The relationship between the secondary vascular system and the lymphatic vascular system in fish
Authors: Panara Virginia , Varaliová Zuzana , Wilting Jörg , Koltowska Katarzyna , Jeltsch Michael
Published: June 2024

New technologies have resulted in a better understanding of blood and lymphatic vascular heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. However, we still need to learn more about the heterogeneity of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems among different species at the anatomical and functional levels. Even the deceptively simple question of the functions of fish lymphatic vessels has yet to be conclusively answered. The most common interpretation assumes a similar dual setup of the vasculature in zebrafish and mammals: a cardiovascular circulatory system, and a lymphatic vascular system (LVS), in which the unidirectional flow is derived from surplus interstitial fluid and returned into the cardiovascular system. A competing interpretation questions the identity of the lymphatic vessels in fish as at least some of them receive their flow from arteries via specialised anastomoses, neither requiring an interstitial source for the lymphatic flow nor stipulating unidirectionality. In this alternative view, the ‘fish lymphatics’ are a specialised subcompartment of the cardiovascular system, called the secondary vascular system (SVS). Many of the contradictions found in the literature appear to stem from the fact that the SVS develops in part or completely from an embryonic LVS by transdifferentiation. Future research needs to establish the extent of embryonic transdifferentiation of lymphatics into SVS blood vessels. Similarly, more insight is needed into the molecular regulation of vascular development in fish. Most fish possess more than the five vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes and three VEGF receptor genes that we know from mice or humans, and the relative tolerance of fish to whole‐genome and gene duplications could underlie the evolutionary diversification of the vasculature. This review discusses the key elements of the fish lymphatics versus the SVS and attempts to draw a picture coherent with the existing data, including phylogenetic knowledge.
Single‐piece zirconia versus single‐piece titanium, narrow‐diameter dental implants in the anterior maxilla: 5‐year post‐loading results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ruiz Henao Paula Andrea , Magrin Gabriel Leonardo , Caneiro‐Queija Leticia , Benfatti Cesar Augusto Magalhães , Leira Yago , Liñares‐González Antonio , Blanco‐Carrión Juan
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate esthetic parameters in the anterior maxillary region by comparing single‐piece zirconia versus titanium narrow‐diameter implants. Additionally, clinical, radiological and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) were analyzed.

Materials and Methods

Thirty implants (tissue level implant) were placed in 30 patients in the maxillary esthetic sector. Depending on randomization, a zirconia (test) or titanium implant (control) was placed. Esthetic, clinical, and radiological parameters, including the implant crown esthetic index (ICAI), pink esthetic score (PES), probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, and marginal bone levels, were evaluated at 12, 36 and 60 months after loading.

Results

Sixty months after crown placement, no significant differences were found between groups. The ICAI values were 5.25 ± 4.21 and 4.50 ± 2.98 for the test and control groups, respectively. The corresponding PES values were 7.44 ± 1.93 and 7.43 ± 1.74 for the test and control groups, respectively. There were no significant intergroup differences for the rest of the parameters evaluated.

Conclusion

It can be suggested that monotype zirconia implants may serve as a potential alternative to titanium implants in selected clinical scenarios. While the results demonstrated comparable esthetic, clinical, and radiological aspects for zirconia implants as compared to titanium implants after a 5‐year follow‐up period, further research with larger sample sizes and longer‐term follow‐up is recommended.
The Frequency of Health Anxiety, Coronavirus Anxiety and Anxiety Disorder in Patients With Tinnitus During the COVID‐19 Pandemic and the Impact of Pandemic on Tinnitus
Authors: Korkut Süleyman , Altıntaş Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the frequency of anxiety disorder, coronavirus anxiety and health anxiety in tinnitus patients during the pandemic and also, determined the psychophysiological impact of COVID‐19 on tinnitus.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted in a tertiary central pandemic hospital from 15 July 2021 to 15 December 2022. In total, 124 patients with tinnitus and 77 healthy controls participated in the study. The sociodemographic data, a set of valid and reliable assessment instruments were used to measure outcomes of anxiety disorder, coronavirus anxiety, health anxiety and severity of tinnitus.

Results

Patients with tinnitus were found to experience higher levels of coronavirus anxiety, health anxiety and anxiety disorder than controls (p < 0.05). In tinnitus patients, the frequency of coronavirus anxiety was 22.6% and anxiety disorder was 18.5%. Notably, the levels of tinnitus severity were moderate to severe in more than half of the patients (51.6%) and also most of them (81.3%) reported that the severity of tinnitus during the pandemic was higher compared with the pre‐pandemic.

Conclusion

Tinnitus patients had high levels of anxiety disorder, coronavirus anxiety and health anxiety. In line with these findings, it was evaluated that there was a relationship between the COVID‐19 pandemic with psychological problems and tinnitus. Therefore, the predominance of tinnitus symptoms at presentation should not lead the clinician to neglect the underlying psychopathological problems in these patients.
Aspects of glass and hybridization protocols for bonding of fiber posts to root dentine
Authors: Rauber Bárbara Facco , De Carli João Paulo , Dallepiane Felipe Gomes , Dogenski Letícia Copatti , Goedel Fábio , Cecchin Doglas , Palhano Huriel Scartazzini , Corazza Pedro Henrique , Collares Kauê Farias , Souza Matheus Albino , Farina Ana Paula
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin using push‐out (PO) and diametral compression (DC), testing glycolic acid as a conditioner and varying dentin moisture. An additional aim was to test whether DC can be an alternative test to PO for bond strength assessment. Eighty bovine teeth were divided into eight groups (n = 10) defined by the use of either 37% glycolic acid or 37% phosphoric acid (PA) on moist or wet dentin before bonding with either Adapter SingleBond/RelyX ARC or One Step Plus/Duo‐Link Bisco. Each tooth provided discs with an internal diameter of 2 mm, external diameter of 5 mm, and height of 2 mm, which underwent PO and DC. Finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out on 3D models. When analyzing PO results through linear regression, the highest values of bond strength were observed using glycolic acid on wet dentin in the cervical and middle thirds of the teeth. Analyzing DC results, the only statistical influence on values was the dental thirds. The scatterplot of the DC results and the PO bond strength values indicated no relationship between the results of the two tests (r = 0.03; p = 0.64). PO test detected more sensitive changes in bond strength values than DC.
When birds of a feather flock together: Severe genomic erosion and the implications for genetic rescue in an endangered island passerine
Authors: Cavill Emily L. , Morales Hernán E. , Sun Xin , Westbury Michael V. , van Oosterhout Cock , Accouche Wilna , Zora Anna , Schulze Melissa J. , Shah Nirmal , Adam Pierre‐André , Brooke M. de L. , Sweet Paul , Gopalakrishnan Shyam , Gilbert M. Thomas P.
Published: June 2024

The Seychelles magpie‐robin's (SMR) five island populations exhibit some of the lowest recorded levels of genetic diversity among endangered birds, and high levels of inbreeding. These populations collapsed during the 20th century, and the species was listed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List in 1994. An assisted translocation‐for‐recovery program initiated in the 1990s increased the number of mature individuals, resulting in its downlisting to Endangered in 2005. Here, we explore the temporal genomic erosion of the SMR based on a dataset of 201 re‐sequenced whole genomes that span the past ~150 years. Our sample set includes individuals that predate the bottleneck by up to 100 years, as well as individuals from contemporary populations established during the species recovery program. Despite the SMR's recent demographic recovery, our data reveal a marked increase in both the genetic load and realized load in the extant populations when compared to the historical samples. Conservation management may have reduced the intensity of selection by increasing juvenile survival and relaxing intraspecific competition between individuals, resulting in the accumulation of loss‐of‐function mutations (i.e. severely deleterious variants) in the rapidly recovering population. In addition, we found a 3‐fold decrease in genetic diversity between temporal samples. While the low genetic diversity in modern populations may limit the species' adaptability to future environmental changes, future conservation efforts (including IUCN assessments) may also need to assess the threats posed by their high genetic load. Our computer simulations highlight the value of translocations for genetic rescue and show how this could halt genomic erosion in threatened species such as the SMR.
Reflections on the opportunities and challenges of applying experience‐based co‐design (EBCD) to phase 1 clinical trials in oncology
Authors: Graber Nils , Canova Nina , Bryant‐Lukosius Denise , Robert Glenn , Navarro‐Rodrigo Blanca , Trueb Lionel , Coukos George , Eicher Manuela , Corbière Tourane , Colomer‐Lahiguera Sara
Published: June 2024

Background

Experience‐Based Co‐Design (EBCD) is a multi‐stage participatory action research process which was developed originally to increase patient involvement in service improvement initiatives. This viewpoint article serves as a reflection on the researchers' experiences, focusing on the application and feasibility of participatory approaches, particularly co‐design, in the specific context of early‐phase clinical trials.

Methods

We reflect on the opportunities and challenges of applying EBCD in a new context of early‐phase clinical trials in oncology where experimental treatments are increasingly perceived as a therapeutic option and, in certain instances, their efficacy may lead to accelerated approval facilitating a swifter integration into standard care.

Results

We propose that the opportunity of applying EBCD in such trials lies in improving the delivery of person‐centered care, care coordination, and support during the transition from experimental to standard care. Three potential challenges when applying EBCD in early‐phase clinical trials are discussed related to: the need for standardization in trial processes; planning EBCD in a context of high uncertainty; and vulnerability of patient populations.

Conclusion

Integrating EBCD into early‐phase oncology trials presents an opportunity to enhance person‐centered care and can lead to simultaneous improvements in care processes and therapeutic development.

Patient or Public Contribution

This article has been developed with the collaboration of a patient partner who serves on the advisory board of our ongoing EBCD study in early clinical trials.
Practical guidance for assessing and reporting lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Peters Elke E M , Nucci Marisa R , Gilks C Blake , McCluggage W Glenn , Bosse Tjalling
Published: June 2024

Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is an important prognostic parameter in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and has gained increasing interest in recent years due to an expanding body of evidence of its independent prognostic value, especially when the presence of LVSI is quantified. A key strength of LVSI as a prognostic factor is that it can be detected on routine microscopic examination, without ancillary tests, and thus can be used in low‐resource settings. A weakness, however, is the lack of uniformly applied criteria for assessment and quantification of LVSI, resulting in interobserver variation in diagnosis. This is confounded by artefacts and other morphological features that may mimic LVSI (commonly referred to as pseudo‐LVSI). Despite these issues, multiple studies have shown that LVSI is strongly associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis and is an independent risk factor for LN recurrence and distant metastasis. Consequently, the presence of substantial/extensive LVSI has become an important consideration in formulating adjuvant treatment recommendations in patients with EC, and this has been incorporated in the recent International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2023 staging system. Herein, we review the current literature on LVSI in EC and discuss its role as a prognostic marker, the reproducibility of LVSI assessment and distinction between LVSI and its mimics. We provide illustrations of key diagnostic features and discuss the two‐tiered (none/focal versus substantial) system of LVSI classification. This work is intended to provide guidance to practising pathologists and unify the approach towards LVSI assessment in EC.
Setting up the endoscopy room for benign prostatic hypertrophy treatment: Nursing expertise relevance
Authors: Corso Luca Dal , Gilioli Veronica , Boldini Michele , Bianchi Alberto , Brusa Davide , Rubilotta Emanuele , Antonelli Alessandro
Published: June 2024

In recent decades, nursing has been integrated into increasingly advanced and complex healthcare settings. One of the environments in which the level of preparation and expertise required of nurses is most adaptable is the operating room, where the variety of surgical approaches and the use of sometimes complex equipment at times requires a long learning curve. One of the specialties most affected in this regard is urology, with several techniques having emerged in recent years, particularly in the field of endoscopic treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Understanding how the expertise of the surgical nurse may be influenced by the learning of new surgical procedures allows us to grasp how different the learning curve may differ between experienced and less experienced nurses in dealing with new surgical approaches. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with BPH and eligible for endoscopic treatments were enrolled (9 candidates for TURP, 9 for Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP), 9 for REZUM water vapour therapy, and 9 for UROLIFT). The nursing expertise was divided into three levels: novice (endoscopic room experience <6 months), competent (>1 year and 6 months of experience), and expert (experience >6 years). Objectively measurable data were collected regarding the instrumentation required to perform procedures, the setup time of the operating room and surgical devices, and the transition time between procedures in the same operating room. Surgical nurses were also asked to provide subjective commentary on the perceived difficulty in dealing with the four types of procedures. Regarding the learning curve of the surgical nurse, minimally invasive procedures were found to be more accessible to less experienced nurses. In particular, REZUM showed the most significant impact on reducing skill assimilation time. The impact of experience gained was notable for the endoscopic approaches of TURP and HoLEP: experienced surgical nurses were faster in acquiring new skills and setting up the materials needed for the surgical procedure. Considering nursing staff expertise and learning needs in the urologic endoscopy operating room is necessary and desirable because it allows easier and faster learning of new surgical approaches, especially in more complex techniques. Relying on experienced nursing staff is also desirable because it has an impact on overall operating time.
Escape from education fever?: Impact of migration on child education practice
Authors: Jung Yong Moon
Published: June 2024

An extraordinary interest in education has a historical and cultural foundation in Korea, but its harmful nature has created education emigration of Korean parents. This study sought to track if and how the culturally embedded education fever changed over migration generations. To this end, this study compared three different parent groups: staying‐put parents in the origin country (Korean parents in Korea), first‐generation migrant parents (Korean–Australian parents with no school‐age education in Australia) and next‐generation migrant parents (Korean–Australian parents who were born or fully educated in Australia). Continuity and discontinuity in child education practice in the context of migration were explored and the education fever was seen to be persistent as part of a strategy for social inclusion. Despite a high level of aspiration for academic success of children, migrant parents were seen to take an acculturated or modified form of parenting with a recognition of diversified paths of success.
Factors influencing the job embeddedness of new graduate nurses: A multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Ziling , Yao Xin , Wang Jing , Shen Yuanyuan , Zhang Peihua , Huang Xiaoqiong
Published: June 2024

Aim

To identify factors associated with job embeddedness from the perspective of retaining new graduate nurses.

Design

The study was cross‐sectional in design.

Methods

Convenience and stratified sampling were used to recruit 415 newly graduated nurses from 12 tertiary hospitals in China. Anonymized data were collected through self‐designed sociodemographic questionnaires, job embeddedness scale, feedback‐seeking behaviour scale, authentic leadership perception scale and decent work scale. Appropriate indicators were used for descriptive statistics and t‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression to examine the influencing factors.

Results

The study showed that monthly income level, decent labour, authentic leadership and feedback‐seeking behaviour were significant predictors of job embeddedness among new graduate nurses.

Conclusion

The job embeddedness of new graduate nurses is moderate. Nursing managers need to construct reasonable and fair compensation incentives, adopt positive leadership styles and encourage proactive feedback‐seeking behaviours to improve the job embeddedness of new graduate nurses and alleviate the nursing talent shortage.

Impact

Exploring the factors influencing the job embeddedness of new graduate nurses provides a reference for establishing new graduate nurse retention strategies to help promote the career development of new graduate nurses and alleviate the nursing brain drain.

Reporting Method

We adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
SGLT2i effect on atrial fibrillation: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mariani Marco Valerio , Manzi Giovanna , Pierucci Nicola , Laviola Domenico , Piro Agostino , D'Amato Andrea , Filomena Domenico , Matteucci Andrea , Severino Paolo , Miraldi Fabio , Vizza Carmine Dario , Lavalle Carlo
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Gliflozins are recommended as first‐line treatment in patients with heart failure and/or cardiovascular comorbidities and are demonstrated to reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence. However, it is not well known which gliflozin yields the larger cardioprotection in terms of AF occurrence reduction. Hence, we aimed to compare data regarding AF recurrence associated with different gliflozins.

Methods

An accurate search of online scientific libraries (from inception to June 1, 2023) was performed. Fifty‐nine studies were included in the meta‐analysis involving 108 026 patients, of whom 60 097 received gliflozins and 47 929 received placebo.

Results

Gliflozins provided a statistically significant reduction of AF occurrence relative to standard of care therapy in the overall population (relative risks [RR]: 0.8880, 95% CI: [0.8059; 0.9784], p = .0164) and in patients with diabetes and cardiorenal diseases (RR: 0.8352, 95% CI: [0.7219; 0.9663], p = .0155). Dapagliflozin significantly decreased AF occurrence as compared to placebo (0.7259 [0.6337; 0.8316], p < .0001) in the overall population, in patients with diabetes (RR: 0.2482, 95% CI: [0.0682; 0.9033], p = .0345), with diabetes associated with cardiorenal diseases (RR: 0.7192, 95% CI: [0.5679; 0.9110], p = .0063) and in the subanalysis including studies with follow‐up ≥1 year (RR: 0.7792, 95% CI: [0.6508; 0.9330], p = .0066). No significant differences in terms of AF protection were found among different gliflozins.

Conclusions

Dapagliflozin use was associated with significant reduction in AF risk as compared to placebo in overall population and patients with diabetes, whereas the use of other gliflozins did not significantly reduce AF occurrence.
Evaluation of adrenal vein anatomy by adrenal venous sampling in patients with primary aldosteronism in Chinese
Authors: Yu Yang , Yang Minghui , Gong Minghui , Zhang Ying , Jiang Yinong , Song Wei
Published: June 2024

Accurate cannulation of the adrenal vein is challenging during adrenal venous sampling (AVS) because of the variations in adrenal vein anatomy. This study aimed to investigate the adrenal venous morphology in Chinese and improve the success rate of AVS. A total of 221 participants with primary aldosteronism (PA) who underwent AVS were enrolled. Compare the morphology among subgroups divided according to sex, body mass index (BMI), and with or without adenoma. The success rate of right, left, and bilateral AVS was 98.60%, 97.20%, and 96.85%, respectively. The triangular pattern was the most common (39.37%) on the right side, while the glandlike pattern (70.14%) on the left. The proportion of adrenal venous morphology varies among patients with different sexes (χ2 = 21.335, P < .001), BMI (χ2 = 10.642 P = .031), and with or without adenoma (χ2 = 10.637, P = .031) on the right side, and the male, obese and adenoma group showed a higher proportion of glandlike pattern than triangular pattern. If only dependent on computed tomography, 9.05% of patients incorrectly diagnose the dominant side, 14.48% of patients would have inappropriate surgery meanwhile 25.34% of patients would miss the surgical opportunity. In conclusion, the most common types of right and left adrenal venous morphology were triangular pattern and glandlike pattern, respectively. Sex, BMI, and the presence of adenoma affected right adrenal venous morphology. Adequate knowledge of the adrenal venous morphology is critical for improving the success rate of AVS and making an appropriate treatment for PA.
Feeling anxious and being engaged in a warming world: climate anxiety and adolescents' pro‐environmental behavior
Authors: Becht Andrik , Spitzer Jenna , Grapsas Stathis , van de Wetering Judith , Poorthuis Astrid , Smeekes Anouk , Thomaes Sander
Published: June 2024

Background

Climate anxiety is increasingly prevalent among adolescents worldwide. Are climate‐anxious adolescents prone to engage in pro‐environmental behavior? Or might the association between climate anxiety and pro‐environmental be curvilinear, such that high levels of climate anxiety become ‘paralyzing’? And do these associations depend on whether adolescents believe that, with effort, the worst impacts of climate change can still be prevented?

Methods

We addressed these questions in three studies (two preregistered; combined N = 2,211), conducted across two countries. We used cross‐sectional and longitudinal methods, and various measures of climate anxiety and pro‐environmental behavior. We performed Bayesian regression analyses comparing two models that tested competing hypotheses. The first model included a linear effect of climate anxiety on pro‐environmental behavior, and the second model included both a linear and a curvilinear (i.e. inverted U‐shaped) effect of climate anxiety on pro‐environmental behavior. Next, we added environmental efficacy to the best fitting model and explored its moderating effects.

Results

Adolescents reported low‐to‐moderate levels of climate anxiety. Across the board, we found evidence for a small, positive, and mostly linear (rather than curvilinear) association between climate anxiety and pro‐environmental behavior. While Study 1 supported a curvilinear association (Bayes Factor (BF) = 18.87), Studies 2 and 3 mostly supported a linear model (BFs range 6.86–12.71), except for weak support (BF = 1.62) for a curvilinear association between climate anxiety symptoms and public sphere pro‐environmental behavior. Adolescents' environmental efficacy moderated this link for public sphere (e.g. activism), but not private sphere (e.g. recycling), pro‐environmental behavior.

Conclusions

Climate‐anxious adolescents are prone to engage in pro‐environmental behavior. We found limited evidence for ‘eco‐paralysis’ (i.e. a passive state of pro‐environmental behavioral stasis) at high levels of climate anxiety. Our results are consistent with the possibility that supporting adolescents' environmental efficacy will help climate‐anxious adolescents engage in public sphere pro‐environmental behavior.
Effect of preparation design and scan pattern on the accuracy of intraoral scans for complete arch laminate veneers under simulated intraoral variables
Authors: Şen Nazmiye , Eroglu Hatice
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of different preparation designs and scan patterns on the accuracy of intraoral scans for complete‐arch maxillary laminate veneers.

Materials and Methods

Three maxillary typodonts were used to obtain reference models with three different laminate veneer preparation designs: windows (W), beveled (B), and incisal overlap (IO). Reference scans were obtained with a desktop scanner. A total of 90 complete arch intraoral scans were made with an intraoral scanner (Medit i700) following three different scan patterns: straight motion (SM), zigzag motion (ZM), and combined motion (CM). Ten scans were made in each subgroup and exported as standard tessellation language (STL) files. Assessment of accuracy was conducted with a 3D software analysis program (Geomagic Control X). Each STL file was individually aligned with the reference scan using the best fit algorithm tool, and 3D differences were calculated using the root mean square (RMS) value. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc comparison tests were applied to analyze precision and trueness data (α = 0.05).

Results

Two‐way ANOVA and post hoc comparison tests revealed significant differences among different preparation designs and scan patterns (p < 0.05). Regarding trueness, the IO when scanned with SM presented higher mean RMS than the other preparation designs (W and B) scanned with the same scanning pattern (p < 0.05). Regarding precision, the groups of W and IO presented significantly higher mean RMS than the group of B when scanned with ZM (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Accuracy of intraoral scans for complete‐arch laminate veneers was affected by different laminate veneer preparation designs and scan patterns.

Clinical Significance

Modifying scan pattern according to preparation design helps to improve scan accuracy for complete‐arch laminate veneers.
Role of neoadjuvant peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in unresectable and metastatic gastro‐entero‐pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A scoping review
Authors: Kashyap Raghava , Raja Senthil , Adusumilli Ajay , Gopireddy Murali Mohan Reddy , Loveday Benjamin P. T. , Alipour Ramin , Kong Grace
Published: June 2024

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an established therapy for metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). The role of PRRT as a neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery or other local therapies is uncertain. This scoping review aimed to define the landscape of evidence available detailing the utility of PRRT in the neo‐adjuvant setting, including the clinical contexts, efficacy, and levels of evidence. A comprehensive literature search of PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE through to December 2022 was performed to identify reports of PRRT use as neoadjuvant therapy prior to local therapies. Observational studies and clinical trials were included. A total of 369 records were identified by the initial search, and 17 were included in the final analysis, comprising 179 patients treated with neoadjuvant PRRT. Publications included case reports, retrospective cohort series and a phase 2 trial. Definitions of unresectable disease were variable. Radioisotopes used included 177Lu (n = 142) and 90Y (n = 36), used separately (n = 178) or in combination (n = 1). A combination of PRRT with chemotherapy was also explored (n = 2). Toxicity data was reported in 11/17 studies. Survival analysis was reported in 3/17 studies. Surgical resection following PRRT was reported for both the primary tumor (n = 71) and metastases (n = 12). Resection rates could not be calculated as not all publications reported whether resection was completed. Published literature exploring the use of PRRT in the neoadjuvant setting is mostly limited to case reports and retrospective cohort studies. From these limited data there is reported to be a role of PRRT in neoadjuvant setting in the literature. However, the low quality of evidence precludes any definite conclusion on the grade of disease, site of primary, isotope used or use of concomitant chemotherapy that can benefit from this application. Further prospective studies will require collaboration between multiple centers to gain sufficient high‐quality evidence.
The quality of clinician and student quality improvement reports: An analysis of 8 years of submissions
Authors: Kennedy Maureen (Shawn) , Barnsteiner Jane
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Many papers reporting on QI projects are not publishable for a variety of reasons. We compared manuscripts submitted as QI reports between June 2014 and June 2016 (prior to publication of the revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE 2.0) with papers submitted to the American Journal of Nursing between July 2016 and December 2022). The aim was to evaluate any changes in the quality of manuscripts and identify problems that led to rejection; we also compared the quality of students with non‐student submissions.

Methods

We conducted a non‐randomized descriptive study to evaluate 349 papers submitted as QI project reports between June 2014 and December 2022 using screening templates based on the SQUIRE 2.0 checklist and findings of the INANE Working Group on Student Papers.

Results

Manuscripts designated as QI reports accepted for publication increased from 4% during 2014–2016 (T1) to 14% during 2016–2022 (T2); one student submission was accepted. There was a slight decrease in submissions designated as QI that were not QI: 36% of student submissions during T1 and 31% of student submissions during T2. Among clinician submissions, 44% in T1 designated as QI reports were not QI versus 31% submitted during T2. There was a decrease in student submissions that followed the SQUIRE guidelines (36% during T1 to 24% during T2).

Conclusions

Findings demonstrate that by following the SQUIRE 2.0 guidelines, authors submit more complete manuscripts with fewer missing components. However, there are still misconceptions about what constitutes QI versus research and how to report QI initiatives. After comparing the findings from both periods, it is noteworthy that there is essentially the same level of inaccuracy and lack of acceptable manuscripts.

Clinical Relevance

Sharing findings from QI activities through presentations and publications is a vital way of helping spread the learnings from these projects and improve health care for a wider audience. Clinicians, academicians, and students must understand the elements of the SQUIRE guidelines and ensure that this framework is used for both designing and submitting QI projects for publication.
What is QuantCrit doing in a nice field like family science?
Authors: Williams Deadric T. , Curtis Michael G. , Boe Joshua L. , Jensen Todd M.
Published: June 2024

Family science is grappling with the legacy of White supremacy embedded in its theories and methodologies. This presents an opportunity to move beyond traditional theoretical perspectives and statistical approaches that have perpetuated racist assumptions about the inferiority of people of color compared to White Americans. We build on Curtis et al.'s (2022) introduction of Quantitative Criticalism by presenting quantitative critical race theory (QuantCrit) as a critical framework that combines quantitative methods and critical race theory (CRT) to examine issues of racism and race in social science research. Specifically, we (1) make an argument for why QuantCrit is needed in family science, (2) review and critique conventional approaches family scientists have used to analyze racial inequality within the family sciences, (3) offer QuantCrit as an alternative and critical strategy for the quantitative study of racial inequality in family research, and (4) provide examples of how family scientists can leverage QuantCrit to subvert underlying assumptions and practices that perpetuate continued marginalization. We discuss recent research that exhibits elements of QuantCrit in family research to showcase the value of an emerging subfield. QuantCrit provides an opportunity for family scientists studying racial inequality to promote theories, methodological strategies, and policies rooted in social justice.