bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Study of Automotive Body Panel Draw Dies Defects Using Finite Element Simulation
Authors: Yadegari Farzad , Sehhat M. Hossein , Mahdianikhotbesara Ali
Published: January 2022

Among the advantages of the sheets used in the car body, it can mention the high strength, low thickness and suitable ductility. crack and wrinkling of the sheet are the most common types of defects in the drawing process. Therefore, it seems necessary to know the process factors that affect the sheet metal forming behavior. One of the critical tools of simulation and subsequent process optimization is the finite element method. In this research, with the help of AutoForm software, finite element simulation of the process is performed. After designing the appropriate Taguchi experiment, the parameters affecting the outputs, including thickness strain and surface strain on the production part, are investigated, and optimal values ​​are introduced. The known effective parameters on the process output include the forming limit diagram, sheet strength, friction coefficient, die balancers, and used sheet thickness.
Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function
Authors: Wen Shuming
Published: January 2022

The theoretical results of quantum mechanics (QM) have been verified by experiments, but the probabilistic Copenhagen interpretation is still controversial, and many counterintuitive phenomena are still difficult to understand. To trace the origin of probability in QM, we construct the state function of a multiparticle quantum objective system and find that the probability in QM originates from the particle number distribution rate in a unit volume near position r at time t in the multiparticle quantum objective system. Based on the origin of probability, We find that the state function of an elementary particle (hereinafter called particle for short) has precise physical meaning; that is, the particle periodically and alternately exhibits the particle state and wave state in time and space, obtain the localized and nonlocalized spatiotemporal range of the particle, the apparent trajectory of the particle motion. Based on this, through rigorous mathematical derivation and analysis, we propose new physical interpretations of the quantum superposition state, wave-particle duality, the double-slit experiment, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and the quantum tunnelling effect, and these interpretations are physically logical and not counterintuitive.
Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition transport in spin-triplet superconductor
Authors: Chung Suk Bum , Kim Se Kwon
Published: January 2022

As the spin-triplet superconductivity arises from the condensation of spinful Cooper pairs, its full characterization requires not only charge ordering, but also spin ordering. For a two-dimensional (2D) easy-plane spin-triplet superconductor, this na\"{i}vely seems to suggest the possibility of two distinct Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transitions, one in the charge sector and the other in the spin sector. However, it has been recognized that there are actually three possible BKT transitions, involving the deconfinement of, respectively, the conventional vortices, the merons and the half-quantum vortices with vorticity in both the charge and the spin current. By considering equal-spin-pairing spin-triplet superconductors with bulk spin degeneracy, we show how all the transitions can be characterized by the relation between the voltage drop and the spin-polarized current bias. This study reveals that, due to the hitherto unexamined transport of half-quantum vortices, there is an upper bound on the spin supercurrent in a quasi-long range ordered spin-triplet superconductor, which provides a means for half-quantum vortex detection via transport measurements and deeper understanding of fluctuation effects in superconductor-based spintronic devices.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of interventricular septum defect with Eisenmenger syndrome in an adult dog - case report
Authors: Pacó Thays Ribeiro , Rocha Caroline Coelho , Souza Júnior Zacarias Jacinto de , Antunes João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula
Published: January 2022

Interventricular septal defect (IVSD) is a congenital heart disease characterized by communication or non-closure of the interventricular septum in the embryonic or postnatal period, causing a failure in the separation between the systemic and pulmonary circulation. The severity of the hemodynamic consequences depends on the extent of the defect and the magnitude of the flow through it. Blood flow commonly occurs from left to right, because systemic vascular resistance is greater than pulmonary resistance. This report describes the echocardiographic findings in a 4-year-old male Poodle treated at the Veterinary Hospital with a history of exercise intolerance, cyanosis and episodes of syncope. On echocardiography, perimembranous IVSD was diagnosed with atrial and right ventricular dilatation, discontinuity of the interventricular septum in the subaortic region measuring approximately 5 mm. In the Doppler evaluation, reverse turbulent flow was evidenced, characterizing shunt from right to left (Eisenmenger syndrome). Despite preserved systolic function, abnormal relaxation was observed. Doppler echocardiography was a fundamental complementary imaging test for the diagnosis of this congenital heart disease since its suspicion is not commonly raised in adult patients. Doppler echocardiography allowed us to identify the defect, define its size and extension, determine the direction of blood flow as well as its hemodynamic consequences.
Permanent tracheostomy in a horse: a case report
Authors: Lima Jéssica Monique dos Santos , Silva Bismark Alves da , Pereira Edson Teixeira , França Alex Carlos da Silva , Ferreira Heider Irinaldo Pereira , Guimarães Ana Luiza Cordeiro Gondim
Published: January 2022

Problems related to the locomotor and gastrointestinal systems correspond to the highest percentage of clinical cases. However, diseases related to the respiratory system can result in low animal performance or even the animal’s removal from athletic life. This paper aims to report a case of permanent tracheotomy in a horse. The animal was treated at the Jerônimo Dix-Huit Rosado Maia Veterinary Hospital - HOVET, with respiratory noise and dyspnea claims. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the animal had been presenting respiratory difficulty for 20 days. On physical examination, respiratory noise and dyspnea were noted. Endoscopy was performed, from which a marked decrease in the arytenoid cartilage movement on the right and left sides was noted. It was possible to diagnose a stage IV case of bilateral laryngeal hemiplegia, combining clinical signs with endoscopy findings. Thus, the surgical treatment of permanent tracheostomy was chosen. After surgery, drug therapy using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs was performed. In addition, a nº 6 metal tracheostomy cannula was inserted. After 36 days of hospitalization, the animal was discharged with regression of clinical signs.
Esophageal obstruction and rupture by a foreign body in a miniature mixed-breed heifer
Authors: Cortés-Beltrán Daniela , Pinzón-Osorio César Augusto , Herrera-Luna Carlos Vladimir
Published: January 2022

A 20-month-old miniature mixed-breed heifer weighing 200 kg was presented with a history of dysphagia, sialorrhea and dyspnea after being fed with food residues. At home it was treated with intravenous hydration, antibiotic combination, diuretics and AINEs. Additionally, one failed passage of oro-ruminal tube and several ruminal trocarizations were performed. At clinical examination the animal showed signs compatible with digestive obstruction, severe dyspnea and shock. Complete blood count showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, left shift and lymphocytosis. Serum chemistry tests showed hyperlactatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia and azotemia. Acid-base analysis indicated severe metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Esophagoscopy was performed, during which the patient went into shock and died. In necropsy a complete middle third esophageal obstruction with rupture by a carrot was identified.
Prevalence and clinical features of neurological disorders in dogs attended at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018)
Authors: Brock Gabriela Wacheleski , Adeodato Alex Gradowski , Corrêa Clarice Gonring , Santana Thiago Alves , Fernandes Maria Eduarda dos Santos Lopes , Coelho Cássia Maria Molinaro
Published: January 2022

Neurological disorders are frequent in small animal veterinary clinics and studies giving regional justification for such disorders are essential so that veterinarians can be better prepared. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of dogs with neurological disorders treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, between August 2017 and April 2018. The study describes the location of the lesions and their etiology according to the acronym VITAMIN-D, as well as the distribution of cases according to sex, breed and age. One hundred and twenty-two (122) dogs were included, of which 58% (n=71) were males and 42% (n=51) females. The age distribution ranged from two months to 18 years old; 16% were less than two years old, 50% between two and seven years old and 34% were more than seven years old. The most affected breeds were Mixed Breed dogs (43%), Poodles (9%) and Dachshunds (7%). The diagnoses were confirmed in 54 animals (44%) and in 68 (56%) remained presumptive. The most common location was the spinal cord (61%), where the T3-L3 region was the most affected (35%), followed by multifocal (20%) and forebrain (10%). The most frequent categories were degenerative (24%), inflammatory/infectious (23%) and traumatic (20%) diseases. Intervertebral disc disease was the most observed, corresponding to 21.3% of all cases. The results showed that the neurological diseases in this Veterinary Hospital were more prevalent in young male adults with spinal cord diseases of degenerative nature.
Germination, wettability, and imbibition of dormant seeds of Desmanthus virgatus after low-pressure plasma treatment
Authors: Silva Dinnara Layza Souza da , Andrade Maria Verônica Meira de , Braz Danilo Cavalcanti , Sousa Rômulo Ribeiro Magalhães de , Silva Mérik Rocha , Monção Renan Matos
Published: January 2022

The use of an alternative technique to increase the germination of an legume species used in animal feed was investigated based on the effects of low-pressure plasma on the wettability, imbibition, and germination of seeds of Desmanthus virgatus. A conventional nitriding reactor with an argon atmosphere (Ar) and controlled temperature at 30º C was used to apply three different exposure times: 1, 3, and 5 minutes, with a set of intact seeds considered as the control. The experimental design was completely randomized, and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability to analyze the different experimental conditions tested. The statistical analyses were performed with the software Origin 8.0. The apparent contact angle indicated an increase in the wettable surface with the treatment time, verifying the hydrophilic character of the plasma on the seed. Seeds treated for 3 and 5 minutes showed higher germination than the 1-minute treatment and untreated seeds. In the imbibition test, the leached solution showed lower conductivity in the treated samples than in the untreated sample, indicating less nutrient loss to the solution. The pH remained within the neutral range among the treated samples. The superficial changes in the seeds caused significant gains in the germination parameters, promoting improvement in the indices and rate of germination and contributing to the uniformity of the seed lot with the use of low-pressure plasma as a tool for breaking dormancy.
Infestation levels of Varroa destructor and Nosema spp. in africanized bee (Apis mellifera) colonies during the dry season in the semiarid region of Piauí state
Authors: Nascimento Jossandra de Jesus Silva do , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Silva , Melquíades Catiana da Conceição Vieira , Bendini Juliana do Nascimento
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to assess infestation levels of the mite Varroa destructor and microspore Nosema spp. in apiaries in the Picos microregion of Piauí state, Brazil, during the dry season. To that end, bees were collected (n=31) from 19 apiaries between September and October 2016. Infestation levels of the parasites were analyzed at the Laboratory of the Bee Technology Center, an institution affiliated with the Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros Campus of the Federal University of Piauí. Varroa destructor was identified in 54% of the colonies, with infestation levels varying from 0 to 10.54%, and an average of 3.31% ± 4.12. Analysis of Nosema spp. revealed that all the colonies sampled exhibited microsporidia, albeit at low (1 to 1.4 spores/bee) and very low levels (0.35 to 0.95 spores/bee) of infestation. Given the relevance of beekeeping in the semiarid region of Piauí, it was concluded that although infestation levels were deemed low, there is a need to regularly monitor the health of colonies in the apiaries.
Dendronized Porphyrins: Molecular Design and Synthesis
Authors: Vonlanthen Mireille , Cuétara-Guadarrama Fabián , Porcu Pasquale , Sorroza-Martínez Kendra , González-Méndez Israel , Rivera Ernesto
Published: January 2022

In this review, we report different methods and strategies to synthesize flexible and rigid dendronized porphyrins. We will focus on porphyrin dendrimers that have been reported in the last 10 years. Particularly, in our research group, we have designed and synthesized different series of dendronized porphyrins (free base and metallated) with pyrene units at the periphery and Fréchet-type dendritic arms. The Lindsey methodology has allowed the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins with various substitution patterns, such as symmetric, dissymmetric, or unsymmetric. Porphyrin dendrimers have been prepared by different synthetic methodologies; one of the most reported being the convergent method, where the dendrons are first prepared and further linked to a meso-substituted functionalized porphyrin unit, which will constitute the core of the dendrimer. Another interesting synthetic approach is the use of a reactive dendron bearing a terminal aldehyde functional group to form the final porphyrin core. In this way, a two-armed dendronized dissymmetric porphyrin core can be prepared from a dendritic precursor and a dipyrromethene derivative. This strategy is very convenient to prepare low-generation dendritic porphyrins. The divergent approach is another well-known methodology for porphyrin dendrimer synthesis, mostly used for achieving highgeneration dendrimers. Click chemistry reaction has been advantageous for the development of more complex porphyrin dendritic structures. This reaction presents important advantages, such as high yields and mild reaction conditions, which permit the assembly of different multiporphyrin dendritic structures. In the constructs presented in this review, the emission of the porphyrin moiety has been observed, leading to potential applications in artificial photosynthesis, sensing, nanomedicine, and biological sciences.
Scientific and Technological Prospecting of 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles
Authors: Caiana Rodrigo Ribeiro Alves , Santos Cosme Silva , de Oliveira Ronaldo Nascimento , Freitas Juliano Carlo Rufino
Published: January 2022

The use of 1H-1,2,3-triazoles has become an important scaffold for applications in
different technological sectors. Therefore, we sought to carry out technological monitoring to
understand the international scenario involving 1H-1,2,3-triazoles from the patents filed, in
addition to evaluating the relationship between the growth in the number of patents and the
improvement of strategies for obtaining these compounds via a metal-catalyzed azide-alkyne
cycloaddition reaction. Technological monitoring was performed with the support of the PatentInspiration
® platform, using the keywords "1,2,3-triazol", "1,2,3-triazole", and "1,2,3-
triazolyl". A total of 960 registered patents were found, most for the years 2014 and 2019. The
main filers were prestigious multinational companies, such as Syngenta, Merck, Sandoz,
Pfizer, and Bayer. The United States, China, Japan, and Germany lead patent registrations,
mainly addressing innovations in chemistry and metallurgy, human needs, and new technologies. These results help
to understand the state of innovation for this topic, pointing out the characteristics of the main discoveries concerning
1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives.
Synergy based Extracts of Medicinal Plants: Future Antimicrobials to Combat
Multidrug Resistance
Authors: Husain Syed Akhtar , Ahmad Sayeed , Abass Sageer , Parveen Rabea , Irfan Mohammad , Jan Bisma
Published: January 2022

The use of herbal medicines and supplements in the last thirty years has increased enormously. Herbal medication has demonstrated promising and effective potential against vari-ous diseases. Herbal and phytoconstituent medications are gaining popularity globally and many people are adopting herbal remedies to deal with different health issues. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics, due to the development of antimicrobial resistance, poses an unprecedented prob-lem for human civilization. Bacterial infections are difficult to cure because of the propensity of microbes to acquire resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial drugs. New compounds are being explored and quantified for possible antibacterial activity with little or no side effects. Research-ers are investigating the range of therapeutic plants mentioned in Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha around the globe. Known and commonly acclaimed global databases such as PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Google Scholar were searched using different search strings such as Indian medicinal plants, multidrug resistance (MDR), thin layer chromatography (TLC), antimicrobials, and Synergism were used in diverse combinations to reclaim numerous citations associated with this area. Thus, the current review aims to shed a light on the information of medicinal plants as a potential foundation of herbal drugs and elucidate how synergism and TLC bioautography play a crucial role in finding antimicrobial compounds.
Developing 3D Technology for Drug Discovery
Authors: Hosseinkhani Hossein
Published: January 2022

Developing 3D living systems will open many doors and lead to significant improve-ments in biological tools, drug discovery process, lead identification as well as therapeutic ap-proaches. The miniaturization of this approach allows one to perform many more experiments than previously possible more simply. 3D in vitro technology aims to develop a set of tools that are simple, inexpensive, portable, and robust that could be commercialized and used in various fields of biomedical sciences, such as drug discovery, diagnostic tools, therapeutic approaches, and regenerative medicine.
Nanotechnology-based Medicinal Products and Patents: A Promising Way
to Treat Psoriasis
Authors: Ali Faraat , Neha Kumari , Sharma Kamna , Khasimbi Shaik , Chauhan Garima
Published: January 2022

Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disorder that is characterised by chronic inflammation and
erythematous scaly patches. It has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life and can cause psychological
stress. There are several aspects that cause psoriasis, for instance, environmental issues, immune
disorders, bacterial infections, and genetic issues. Plentiful therapeutic means or treatments are
accessible, but not any of them can completely and effectively cure psoriasis without hindering patient
compliance. Hence, it becomes challenging to discover a new drug moiety or any drug delivery method
to cure psoriasis. Conventional treatment of psoriasis involves anti-inflammatory agents, immune suppressants,
phototherapy, and biological treatment, which were given in different forms such as topical,
oral, or systemic formulations, but these all were unsuccessful to accomplish complete reduction of
psoriasis as well as causing adverse side effects. In terms of dose frequency, doses, efficacy, and side
effects, nanotechnology-based new formulations are the most promising prospects for addressing the
challenges and limits associated with present psoriasis formulations. Hence, our major goal of this review
is to present various advanced nanotechnological approaches for the effective topical treatment of
psoriasis. In short, nano-formulations continue to be formed as very promising modalities in the treatment
of psoriasis as they suggest improved penetration, targeted delivery, increased safety, and efficacy.
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Equations Underestimate Risk in People
Living with HIV: Comparison and Cut-point Redefinition for 19 Cardiovascular
Risk Equations
Authors: Grand Marina , Díaz Alejandro , Bia Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background:

Rates of cardiovascular disease are higher in people living with HIV. Early
detection of high-risk subjects (applying cardiovascular risk equations) would allow preventive
actions. D:A:D, ASCVD, and FRS:CVD equations are the most recommended. However, controversies
surround these equations and cut-points, which have the greatest capacity to discriminate
high-risk subjects.

Objectives:

The study aims (i) to assess the association/agreement between cardiovascular risk levels
obtained with D:A:D and fifteen other cardiovascular risk equations, (ii) to detect cardiovascular
risk equation’s capability to detect high-risk subjects, and (iii) to specify the optimal cardiovascular
risk equation´s cut points for the prediction of carotid plaque presence, as a surrogate of high
cardiovascular risk.

Methods:

86 adults with HIV were submitted to the clinical, laboratory, and cardiovascular risk
evaluation (including carotid ultrasound measurements). Cardiovascular risk was evaluated
through multiple risk equations (e.g., D.A.D, ASCVD, and FRS equations). Association and agreement
between equations (Correlation, Bland-Altman, Williams´test) and equation’s capacity to detect
plaque presence (ROC curves, sensitivity, specificity) were evaluated.

Results:

Cardiovascular risk equations showed a significant and positive correlation with plaque
presence. Higher high-cardiovascular risk detection capability was obtained for ASCVD and
D:A:D. Full D:A:D5y>0.88 %, ASCVD>2.80 %, and FRS:CVD>2.77 % correspond to 80 % sensitivity.

Conclusion:

All cardiovascular risk equations underestimate the true risk in HIV subjects. The cut--
points for high cardiovascular risk were found to vary greatly from recommended in clinical guidelines.
Efficient Fluorescent Detection of Mercuric Ions Based on 2-Thienyl
benzimidazole/Cucurbit[7]uril Complexes
Authors: Al-Handawi Marieh B. , Graham John P. , Eldeab Hany A. , Saleh Na'il
Published: January 2022

Aim:

2-Thienylbenzimidazole (TBI)/cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) host/guest
complex was used to significantly improve the detection of Hg2+ in water samples.

Methods:

The unique mechanism of the sensing process is based on the binding of CB7 host to TBI
guest. The host-guest complexation was confirmed by UV-visible absorption, time-resolved fluorescence,
and proton NMR spectroscopy. The complexations of TBI and TBI/CB7 with Hg2+ ions in
solid-state were confirmed by FTIR, mass, and TGA. The most stable structures were unfolded by
DFT calculations.

Results:

In an aqueous solution, a five-fold higher stability constant of the protonated TBIH+/CB7
complex was observed when compared to the neutral TBI/CB7 complex as manifested in an increase
in pKa values by ~ 0.5 unit in an excited state. The static fluorescence quenching of TBI on
binding to Hg2+ ions was significantly enhanced in the presence of CB7.

Conclusion:

Macrocycles are useful additives for the highly sensitive recovery of mercury ions in
water samples.
Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Studies of a Dataset of NLRP3
Inflammasome Inhibitors
Authors: dos Santos Nascimento Igor J. , de Aquino Thiago M. , da Silva-Júnior Edeildo F.
Published: January 2022

Background:

The organism’s defense against aggressive agents is performed by the innate
immune system via activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Initially, these agents
are recognized by the immune system, resulting in the inflammatory response that activates the
pathogen elimination and tissue repair. Inflammasomes are macromolecules related to the host’s response
to endo or exogenous aggressive agents. Thus, inflammation mediated by inflammasomes
plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune
diseases, and type 2 diabetes, justifying their attractiveness as drug targets. One of the
most important tasks remains in the ATPase nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain nucleotide-
binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors protein 3 (NLRP3), in which the
blocking of its oligomerization is related to the functional inhibition of inflammasomes. Here, we
performed molecular docking and dynamics simulations for NP3-146, an analog of MCC950, to obtain
information about the complex stability and main interactions with amino acid residues from
NLRP3.

Methods:

By using the crystalized structure recently deposited in the protein data bank (7alv),
molecular docking in GOLD software and molecular dynamics simulations in GROMACS software
were performed to generate the RMSD RMSF, Rg, SASA, and H-bond plots.

Results:

The results of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and H-bond plots of both complexes confirmed
the stability at the active site. Besides, the analyses of the most stable conformation showed that
the main interactions are performed with Ala227, Ala228, Pro352, Ile411, Phe575, and Arg578 residues.

Conclusion:

This report confirmed the stability of NP3-146, similar to the known inhibitor MCC950,
providing useful information for designing NLRP3 inhibitors.
Development of a local instructional theory for the sequences and series concept based on contextual teaching and learning
Authors: Amsari Dina , Arnawa I Made , Yerizon Yerizon
Published: January 2022

The result of the preliminary research study indicated that the learning trajectory of sequences and series in school textbooks was not able to develop students’ problem-solving ability, the mathematics belief that students were not fostered well. Therefore, it is necessary to design a learning trajectory based on students’ experiences. This research was conducted to produce Local Instructional Theory (LIT) for the sequences and series concept based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Theoretical development is driven by an iterative process of designing instructional activities, performing teaching experiments, and conducting retrospective analysis to contribute to local instruction theory on the concept of sequences and series. The subject of this research is students of senior high school in Indonesia. The interview, observation, and distribution of the questionnaire, together with the test were done to get data for this research. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and statistical analysis. Form the research result show that LIT can be used for all students, and help them find concepts and develop students’ thinking ability for problem-solving.
Отжиг высоковольтных 4H-SiC диодов Шоттки, облученных электронами при высокой температуре
Authors: Лебедев А.А. , Козловский В.В. , Левинштейн М.Е. , Малевский Д.А. , Оганесян Г.А. , Стрельчук А.М. , Давыдовская К.С.
Published: January 2022

The effect of annealing on the parameters of 4H-SiC Schottky diodes irradiated with electrons at high temperatures has been studied for the first time. The electron energy was 0.9 MeV. The irradiation was carried out at temperatures of 23, 300, and 500oС at fluences  in the range 1×1016 – 1.3×1017 cm-2. The results of annealing after the irradiation at high temperatures are qualitatively different from the results of annealing after conventional irradiation at room temperature with the same fluencies. The results obtained indicate that the spectrum of radiation defects introduced into SiC under a high-temperature (“hot”) irradiation differs significantly from that of defects introduced by irradiation at room temperature. At irradiation temperatures of 300 and 500°C and large, the effect of "reverse annealing" was revealed, when the base resistance grows rather than falling as a result of annealing.
Web Portals for Patients With Chronic Diseases: Scoping Review of the Functional Features and Theoretical Frameworks of Telerehabilitation Platforms
Authors: Morimoto Yuh , Takahashi Tetsuya , Sawa Ryuichi , Saitoh Masakazu , Morisawa Tomoyuki , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Kasai Takatoshi , Dinesen Birthe , Hollingdal Malene , Refsgaard Jens , Daida Hiroyuki
Published: January 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has required an increased need for rehabilitation activities applicable to patients with chronic diseases. Telerehabilitation has several advantages, including reducing clinic visits by patients vulnerable to infectious diseases. Digital platforms are often used to assist rehabilitation services for patients in remote settings. Although web portals for medical use have existed for years, the technology in telerehabilitation remains a novel method.

Objective

This scoping review investigated the functional features and theoretical approaches of web portals developed for telerehabilitation in patients with chronic diseases.

Methods

PubMed and Web of Science were reviewed to identify articles associated with telerehabilitation. Of the 477 nonduplicate articles reviewed, 35 involving 14 portals were retrieved for the scoping review. The functional features, targeted diseases, and theoretical approaches of these portals were studied.

Results

The 14 portals targeted patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular, osteoarthritis, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis diseases, and stroke and breast cancer survivors. Monitoring/data tracking and communication functions were the most common, followed by exercise instructions and diary/self-report features. Several theoretical approaches, behavior change techniques, and motivational techniques were found to be utilized.

Conclusions

The web portals could unify and display multiple types of data and effectively provide various types of information. Asynchronous correspondence was more favorable than synchronous, real-time interactions. Data acquisition often required assistance from other digital tools. Various functions with patient-centered principles, behavior change strategies, and motivational techniques were observed for better support shifting to a healthier lifestyle. These findings suggested that web portals for telerehabilitation not only provided entrance into rehabilitation programs but also reinforced participant-centered treatment, adherence to rehabilitation, and lifestyle changes over time.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction in Patients Treated With Milrinone for Cerebral Vasospasm: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Baulier Charles , Lessert Marc , Chauvet Jean-Louis , Garel Pauline , Bergis Alexandre , Burdeau Julie , Clavier Thomas
Published: January 2022

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and cerebral arterial vasospasm is one of its main complications that determines neurological prognosis. The use of intravenous milrinone is becoming more common in the treatment of vasospasm. This molecule has positive inotropic and vasodilating properties by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-3. Its most described side effects are cardiac arrhythmias and arterial hypotension. In this paper, we raise a new issue concerning milrinone and discuss an undescribed side effect of this treatment, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Dynamic LVOTO is a clinical situation favored by hypovolemia, decreased left ventricular afterload, and excessive inotropism that can lead to severe hemodynamic failure and pulmonary edema. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing milrinone-induced LVOTO. This could compromise cerebral perfusion and therefore the neurological prognosis of patients. While it is known that catecholamines may induce LVOTO, milrinone-induced LVOTO appears to be a new pathophysiological entity of which neurosurgical intensivists should be aware.
Preparing Medical Students for the Final Examinations During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Bumpy Ride to the Finishing Line
Authors: Mageswaran Nanthini , Ismail Noor Akmal Shareela
Published: January 2022

In this viewpoint, we share and reflect on the experiences of final-year students preparing for a high-stakes examination at the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight the new challenges faced during web-based remote learning and major differences in the clinical learning environment at our teaching hospital, which was one of the designated COVID-19 centers in Malaysia. We also document how a face-to-face professional examination was conducted for final-year medical students at our institution despite in times of a global health crisis. The lessons learned throughout this process address the importance of resilience and adaptability in unprecedented times. Further, we recommend appropriate measures that could be applied by medical schools across the world to improve the delivery of quality medical education during a crisis in the years to come.
Understanding Current Needs and Future Expectations of Informal Caregivers for Technology to Support Health and Well-being: National Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Egan Kieren J , Clark Patricia , Deen Zahid , Paputa Dutu Carmen , Wilson Graham , McCann Lisa , Lennon Marilyn , Maguire Roma
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

There are approximately 6.5 million informal (unpaid) caregivers in the United Kingdom. Each caregiver plays a critical role in the society, supporting the health and well-being of those who are ill, disabled, or older and who need frequent support. Digital technologies are becoming a ubiquitous part of everyday life for many, but little is known about the real-world impact of technology for those in a caring role, including the abilities of technologies to address the mental and physical impacts of caregiving.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to understand the current and future technology use of caregivers, including digital technologies used to care for themselves and the person they look after.

METHODS

We codeveloped a wide range of questions with caregivers and care professionals and delivered this survey both on the web and in paper format (eg, using social networks such as Twitter alongside in-person events). Questions were focused on providing care and looking after caregiver health and well-being. Analyses focused on both quantitative outcomes (frequency counts and Likert questions) and explored free text entries (thematic analysis).

RESULTS

From 356 respondents, we identified that caregivers were receptive to, and largely positive about current and future use of technology both for their own care and their caring role (eg, checking in from distance). There were notable concerns, including the risk that technology could replace human contact. We identified several key areas for future work, including communication with health and social care professionals, and the potential for technology to help caregivers with their own health. We also identified several stakeholders (eg, care workers, pharmacy staff, and general practitioners) who could act as suitable points for technology signposting and support.

CONCLUSIONS

Caregivers are a transient, often difficult to reach population, and this work has collated a large body of knowledge across a diverse group of individuals. Many caregivers, like the rest of society, are realizing the benefits of using everyday technology to help deliver care. It is clear that there is already a high level of dependency on technologies, where future expectations will grow. However, many barriers to digital technology use remain, including a lack of ongoing technology support. Preventive measures linked to technology that can help look after a caregiver’s own health appear acceptable, particularly for communicative tools. This collated caregiver knowledge is a call for all stakeholders—academics, policy makers, and practitioners—to take note of these specific challenges, and to ensure that caregiver voices are both heard and fully integrated within the emerging digital health agenda.
Gamified Web-Delivered Attentional Bias Modification Training for Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Vermeir Julie F , White Melanie J , Johnson Daniel , Crombez Geert , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M L
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

To date, research has found variable success in using attentional bias modification training (ABMT) procedures in pain samples. Several factors could contribute to these mixed findings, including boredom and low motivation. Indeed, training paradigms are repetitive, which can lead to disengagement and high dropout rates. A potential approach to overcoming some of these barriers is to attempt to increase motivation and engagement through gamification (ie, the use of game elements) of this procedure. To date, research has yet to explore the gamified format of ABMT for chronic pain and its potential for the transfer of benefits.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a gamified web-delivered ABMT intervention in a sample of adults with chronic pain via a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

METHODS

A total of 120 adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain, recruited from clinical (hospital outpatient waiting list) and nonclinical (wider community) settings, will be included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-arm trial. Participants will be randomly assigned to complete 6 web-based sessions of dot-probe nongamified sham control ABMT, nongamified standard ABMT, or gamified ABMT across a period of 3 weeks. Active ABMT conditions will aim to train attention away from pain-relevant words. Participant outcomes will be assessed at pretraining, during training, immediately after training, and at the 1-month follow-up. Primary outcomes include pain intensity, pain interference, and behavioral and self-reported engagement. Secondary outcomes include attentional bias for pain, anxiety, depression, interpretation bias for pain, and perceived improvement.

RESULTS

The ethical aspects of this research project have been approved by the human research ethics committees of the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (HREC/2020/QRBW/61743) and Queensland University of Technology (2000000395). Study recruitment commenced in August 2021 and is ongoing. Data collection and analysis are expected to be concluded by October 2022 and January 2023, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial will be the first to evaluate the effects of gamification techniques in a pain ABMT intervention. The findings will provide important information on the potential therapeutic benefits of gamified pain ABMT programs, shed light on the motivational influences of certain game elements in the context of pain, and advance our understanding of chronic pain.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000803998; https://anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620000803998.aspx

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/32359
Technology-Enabled, Evidence-Driven, and Patient-Centered: The Way Forward for Regulating Software as a Medical Device (Preprint)
Authors: Carolan Jane Elizabeth , McGonigle John , Dennis Andrea , Lorgelly Paula , Banerjee Amitava
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad discipline that aims to understand and design systems that display properties of intelligence. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of AI that describes how algorithms and models can assist computer systems in progressively improving their performance. In health care, an increasingly common application of AI/ML is software as a medical device (SaMD), which has the intention to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate, or prevent disease. AI/ML includes either “locked” or “continuous learning” algorithms. Locked algorithms consistently provide the same output for a particular input. Conversely, continuous learning algorithms, in their infancy in terms of SaMD, modify in real-time based on incoming real-world data, without controlled software version releases. This continuous learning has the potential to better handle local population characteristics, but with the risk of reinforcing existing structural biases. Continuous learning algorithms pose the greatest regulatory complexity, requiring seemingly continuous oversight in the form of special controls to ensure ongoing safety and effectiveness. We describe the challenges of continuous learning algorithms, then highlight the new evidence standards and frameworks under development, and discuss the need for stakeholder engagement. The paper concludes with 2 key steps that regulators need to address in order to optimize and realize the benefits of SaMD: first, international standards and guiding principles addressing the uniqueness of SaMD with a continuous learning algorithm are required and second, throughout the product life cycle and appropriate to the SaMD risk classification, there needs to be continuous communication between regulators, developers, and SaMD end users to ensure vigilance and an accurate understanding of the technology.
Authors’ Response to Peer Reviews of “COVID-19 Infection and Symptoms Among Emergency Medicine Residents and Fellows in an Urban Academic Hospital Setting: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Frisch Stacey , Jones Sarah , Willis James , Sinert Richard
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

These are author responses to peer review of ms#29539.
Peer Review of “COVID-19 Infection and Symptoms Among Emergency Medicine Residents and Fellows in an Urban Academic Hospital Setting: Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Shahriarirad Reza
Published: January 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report related to MS ID#29539
Болевой синдром у больных с огнестрельными ранениями позвоночника и спинного мозга
Authors: Mogila V.V. , Maksimov S.A.
Published: January 2022

В статье представлены данные по болевому синдрому у больных с огнестрельными ранениями позвоночника и спинного мозга в позднем периоде.
Ретроверсія кульшової западини у пацієнтів дитячого, підліткового та юнацького віку у разі синдрому фемороацетабулярного конфлікту
Authors: Filipchuk V.V.
Published: January 2022

Робота ґрунтується на вивченні даних 274 пацієнтів дитячого, підліткового та юнацького віку з різними захворюваннями кульшового суглоба, що ускладнюються синдромом фемороацетабулярного конфлікту: хвороба Легга — Кальве — Пертеса, юнацький епіфізеоліз головки стегнової кістки, дисплазія кульшового суглоба. Встановлено діагностичну валідність рентгенологічної семіотики ретроверсії кульшової западини. Визначено частоту симптомів ретроверсії за різних нозологій. Результати дослідження вказують на те, що в пацієнтів дитячого, підліткового та юнацького віку ретроверсія кульшової западини здебільшого є результатом, а не чинником синдрому фемороацетабулярного конфлікту.
Математическое моделирование переднего межтелового спондилодеза ригидными и динамическими цервикальными конструкциями в случае отсутствия полного контакта межтеловой опоры и каудальной замыкательной пластины позвонка СIV
Authors: Barysh O.Ye. , Yaresko A.V. , Kozyryev S.A.
Published: January 2022

Динамические конструкции в последнее время все чаще используют для выполнения переднего межтелового спондилодеза при травмах и заболеваниях шейного отдела позвоночника. Это обусловлено их экспериментально доказанными преимуществами над ригидными конструкциями. Доказано, что успешность переднего межтелового спондилодеза во многом зависит от качества восстановления межтеловой опоры. Цель: провести исследование напряженно-деформированного состояния конечно-элементной модели шейных позвоночных сегментов СIII/СVII при моделировании бисегментарного переднего межтелового спондилодеза CIV/CVI ригидной и динамической гибридной конструкциями при отсутствии полного контакта межтеловой опоры с каудальной замыкательной пластиной позвонка СIV. Методы. Для проведения эксперимента использована усовершенствованная четырехсегментарная конечно-элементная модель СIII/СVII позвоночных двигательных сегментов. Для проведения расчетов использовали лицензионную программу ANSYS. В 1-м варианте расчета моделируют жесткую фиксацию винтами ригидной конструкции. Во 2-м варианте моделируют динамическую фиксацию, ротационное перемещение краниальной пары винтов и трансляционно-ротационное перемещение каудальной пары винтов динамической конструкции. Результаты. При использовании ригидной конструкции в данных условиях межтеловая опора не подвергается постоянной осевой нагрузке, что может привести к несращению или замедленному сращению. Для динамической конструкции величины напряжений Мизеса в вертикальном цилиндрическом сетчатом имплантате и заполняющих его костных трансплантатах существенно не изменялись, что свидетельствует о наличии постоянного приложения осевой нагрузки к этим элементам конструкции. Выводы. При моделировании переднего межтелового спондилодеза с помощью ригидных конструкций наблюдали явление экранирования нагрузки, а при использовании динамических конструкций нагрузка более равномерно распределялась между имплантатами и элементами фиксированных позвоночных двигательных сегментов.
Заміна способу остеосинтезу при переломах кісток таза у хворих із політравмою
Authors: Fil Yu.Ya. , Lobanov G.V. , Huriev S.Ye. , Zavadskyi A. , Fil A.Yu.
Published: January 2022

Проаналізовано результати лікування 20 хворих із політравмою та нестабільними переломами кісток таза, яким проводилась заміна способу лікування переломів кісток таза, та 15 хворих, яким проводилося лікування тільки первинно накладеним стрижневим апаратом у травматологічному відділенні 8-ї міської клінічної лікарні, за період 2009–2014 рр. У хворих обох груп із нестабільними переломами кісток таза в комплекс протишокових заходів входило накладання стрижневих апаратів на кістки таза. Хірургічна стабілізація таза є невідкладним життєзберігаючим втручанням. У пацієнтів у стані шоку стабілізація переломів довгих кісток може і повинна виконуватись невідкладно. Оптимальним є застосування стрижневих апаратів. Накістковий остеосинтез кісток таза є найбільш потрібним при переломах ділянки кульшової западини. Згідно з європейськими стандартами, зміщення кісткових уламків більше ніж 2–3 мм, особливо при переломах кульшової западини, є абсолютним показанням до відкритої репозиції і внутрішнього остеосинтезу. Такі операційні втручання необхідно проводити до 3 тижнів з моменту травми, оскільки в пізніші терміни досягнути задовільного співставлення відламків не вдається.
Вплив початку тромбопрофілактики на частоту геморагічних та тромботичних ускладнень у хворих Із травмою
Authors: Kuchin Yu.L. , Glumcher F.S. , Stashkevich A.V. , Tarasenko S.O.
Published: January 2022

У статті розглядаються питання тромбопрофілактики у хворих із травмою, наведені результати проспективного когортного дослідження з визначення ефективності та безпечності різних режимів тромбопрофілактики — з перед- або післяопераційним початком. Встановлено, що післяопераційний старт із використанням низькомолекулярних гепаринів (за інструкцією такий режим дозволено для беміпарину) так само ефективний та безпечний, як і передопераційний початок, але у травматичних хворих із підвищеними ризиками періопераційних геморагічних ускладнень слід надавати перевагу післяопераційному початку тромбопрофілактики.