bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best Practices for Authentic Assessments in Learner-Centered Classrooms
Authors: Hagler Barbara
Published: September 2019

Although not new, many believe authentic assessments need to be used more frequently than traditional objective assessments in classrooms of all types and at all educational levels. Authentic assessments are subjective, provide a better picture of student learning, and require students to perform tasks more similar to what they will be required to do in the real world. While completing the assessments students also improve skills and apply knowledge from content learned in previous situations. Authentic assessments can be used to evaluate knowledge as well as soft and hard skills. Rubrics are frequently created and used by the teacher to evaluate these assessments.
Assessment in Inclusive Settings
Authors: Hott Brittany L. , Dibbs Rebecca A. , Hayes DeMarquis , Raymond Lesli P.
Published: September 2019

Assessment is one of the most controversial and challenging aspects of education. While increasing emphasis has been placed on student progress and accountability, effective assessment processes are often overlooked as a critical component of quality instruction. This chapter aims to provide practitioners, educators, and policymakers with an overview of assessment practices that provide information at the classroom and individual levels to drive instructional decision making. A multi-level system of support model is emphasized to illustrate types and administration of assessments needed to make instructional decisions.
Competency-Based Assessment
Authors: Idrissi Mohammed Khalidi , Hnida Meriem , Bennani Samir
Published: September 2019

Competency-based Assessment (CBA) is the measurement of student's competency against a standard of performance. It is a process of collecting evidences to analyze student's progress and achievement. In higher education, Competency-based Assessment puts the focus on learning outcomes to constantly improve academic programs and meet labor market demands. As of to date, competencies are described using natural language but rarely used in e-learning systems, and the common sense idea is that: the way competency is defined shapes the way it is conceptualized, implemented and assessed. The main objective of this chapter is to introduce and discuss Competency-based Assessment from a methodological and technical perspectives. More specifically, the objective is to highlight ongoing issues regarding competency assessment in higher education in the 21st century, to emphasis the benefits of its implementation and finally to discuss some competency modeling and assessment techniques.
Using a Value Cycle Framework to Analyze Teamwork Capability as a Learning Outcome in Interior Design Studio Courses
Authors: Gavilanez Paola , Ortlieb Amber , Carey Thomas
Published: September 2019

Previous research on teaching and learning in the design disciplines has demonstrated the complex set of factors which need to be aligned in order for our students to be prepared for professional practice in teamwork. This chapter reports on ongoing work to extend this previous research, including integration with an institutional learning outcomes framework, incorporation of insights from beyond the design disciplines to engage student motivation in capability development, and a specific interest in the ways team teaching in design studios can contribute to the development of students' teamwork capability (in addition to advancing their development of design capability).
Developing an Assessment Program to Measure Critical Thinking
Authors: Barron Caulyne N.
Published: September 2019

This chapter posits that the assessment cycle is a valuable part of the discussion of teaching critical thinking skills in post-secondary settings. Acknowledging that critical thinking is a crucial skill for post-secondary students, the chapter ties accreditation mandates to the need to include robust outcomes assessment measures in college programs that teach critical thinking. The chapter traces one small, nationally-accredited online college's efforts to develop a robust assessment plan to measure how well students met general education and program objectives, particularly those related to critical thinking skills in a business program. The efforts to comply with accreditation standards and to demonstrate a culture of assessment resulted in a culture shift that sought meaningful data about how well the college was educating its students and meeting its mission.
Using Facebook's Open Source Capture the Flag Platform as a Hands-on Learning and Assessment Tool for Cybersecurity Education
Authors: Chicone Rhonda , Burton Tina , Huston Julie A.
Published: September 2019

There is a high demand for skilled cybersecurity professionals, however, entry-level employees and college graduates often lack the hands-on and real-world experience they need to be successful in the cybersecurity industry. This high demand has led educators to pursue innovative and smart application technologies as a way for students to gain hands-on skills and to practice those skills in a safe and fun environment. Cybergames are now being used by educational institutions and in private and public industry sectors. One popular game in the cybersecurity space is called Capture the Flag (CTF). This study investigates Facebook's CTF platform as a cost-effective learning and assessment tool for undergraduate and graduate cybersecurity adult students for an online university.
Computer Simulation in Higher Education
Authors: Qian Yufeng
Published: September 2019

Computer simulation as both an instructional strategy and technology holds great potential to transform teaching and learning. However, there have been terminological ambiguity and typological inconsistency when the term computer simulation is used in the education setting. This chapter identifies three core components of computer simulation, and develops a learning outcome-based categorization, linking together computer simulation's technical affordances, learning opportunities, and learning outcomes. Exemplary computer simulations in higher education are identified to illustrate the unique affordances, opportunities, and outcomes of each type of computer simulation.
Simulations for Supporting and Assessing Science Literacy
Authors: Quellmalz Edys S. , Silberglitt Matt D. , Buckley Barbara C. , Loveland Mark T. , Brenner Daniel G.
Published: September 2019

Simulations have become core supports for learning in the digital age. For example, economists, mathematicians, and scientists employ simulations to model complex phenomena. Learners, too, are increasingly able to take advantage of simulations to understand complex systems. Simulations can display phenomena that are too large or small, fast or slow, or dangerous for direct classroom investigations. The affordances of simulations extend students' opportunities to engage in deep, extended problem solving. National and international studies are providing evidence that technologies are enriching curricula, tailoring learning environments, embedding assessment, and providing tools to connect students, teachers, and experts locally and globally. This chapter describes a portfolio of research and development that has examined and documented the roles that simulations can play in assessing and promoting learning, and has developed and validated sets of simulation-based assessments and instructional supplements designed for formative and summative assessment and customized instruction.
Demonstrating Positive, Learner-Centred Assessment Practice in Professional Development Programmes
Authors: Baughan Patrick
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role that professional development programmes for higher education lecturers and teachers can play in promoting positive, learner-centred assessment practice. Whilst they vary in their coverage, these programmes address a broad range of teaching, learning and other pedagogical issues, and almost all include assessment and good assessment practice as a key component of their curriculum. Therefore, this chapter is used to explain and argue that professional development programmes can and should have a key and distinctive role in developing and sharing innovative assessment practice. The argument is supported by drawing on series of seven principles and ideas, as well as a single-institution case study. Points and arguments are also supported with a range of theory, literature and examples, as well as the experience of the author in working on one programme of this type.
Collaborative Learning and Assessment of Science
Authors: Rosen Yigal
Published: September 2019

In order to understand potential applications of collaborative problem solving (CPS) assessment tasks, it is necessary to examine empirically the multi-faceted student performance that may be distributed across collaboration methods and purposes of the assessment. Ideally, each student should be matched with various types of group members and must apply the skills in varied contexts and tasks. One solution to these assessment demands is to use computer-based (virtual) agents to serve as the collaborators in the interactions with students. This paper proposes human-to-agent (H-A) approach for formative CPS assessment and describes an international pilot study aimed to provide preliminary empirical findings on the use of H-A CPS assessment to inform collaborative learning. Overall, the findings showed promise in terms of using H-A CPS assessment task as a formative tool for structuring effective groups in the context of CPS online learning.
Teacher Self-Assessment of Feedback Practices in an EFL Academic Writing Class - A Reflective Case Study
Authors: White Eddy
Published: September 2019

Unlike studies of teacher feedback on student writing, research into teacher self-assessment of their own feedback practices is quite rare in the assessment literature. In this reflective case study, the researcher/teacher systematically analyzed feedback practices to clearly determine the form and kind of formative feedback being provided on student essays, and also to compare these feedback practices to recommended practice from the feedback literature. The research took place in an academic English writing course for third-year students at a Japanese university. A close examination of the teacher feedback on the first draft of 21 student essays was undertaken, and more than 800 feedback interventions were identified and coded. Results of this investigation show a number of patterns of practice in giving feedback, including; extensive use of questions in teacher commentary, very limited use of praise comments, and varying amounts of feedback provided on individual essays. Results also show that the feedback practices discovered through this investigation align well with recommended best practice. The case study positions the teacher as ‘learner' in this feedback process, and calls for similar published research describing in detail what teachers do when providing feedback to students on their work.
Collaborative Calibrated Peer Assessment in Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Boudria Asma , Lafifi Yacine , Bordjiba Yamina
Published: September 2019

The free nature and open access courses in the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) allow the facilities of disseminating information for a large number of participants. However, the “massive” propriety can generate many pedagogical problems, such as the assessment of learners, which is considered as the major difficulty facing in the MOOC. In fact, the immense number of learners who exceeded in some MOOC the hundreds of thousands make the instructors' evaluation of students' production quite impossible. In this work, the authors present a new approach for assessing the learners' production in MOOC. This approach combines the peer assessment with the collaborative learning and the calibrated method. It aims at increasing the degree of trust in peer-assessment. For evaluating the proposed approach, the authors implemented a MOOC dedicated for learning algorithms. In addition, an experiment was conducted during two months for knowing the effects of the proposed approach. The obtained results are presented in this paper. They are judged as very interesting and encouraging.
The Effects of Self-Awareness and Self-Reflective Writing on Online Task Performance
Authors: Yilmaz Gamze , LeFebvre Leah
Published: September 2019

This study examined self-awareness and self-reflective writing effects on performance in an online task environment. Participants (N = 98) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: self-awareness (private vs. public) and self-reflection (reflection vs. no-reflection). They were instructed to complete two successive online survival tasks that required analytical thinking and problem-solving skills. Findings demonstrated that participants in the private self-awareness condition performed better after writing a self-reflection than the no self-reflection condition. However, participants in the public self-awareness condition performed worse in the second task upon completion of their self-reflection compared with those that did not write a self-reflection. Additionally, a post-hoc linguistic analysis of the self-reflections illustrated that high-performers discussed their task completion using more cognitively complex language compared to low-performers.
How Do Learners Perceive and Evaluate Their Digital Skills?
Authors: Černochová Miroslava , Voňková Hana , Štípek Jiří , Černá Petra
Published: September 2019

Self-assessment is commonly used in educational research (PISA, ICILS, etc.) and in real-life situations (advertisement for a post on labour market, etc.). Research studies demonstrate that in mathematics some people either over- or underestimate their competence. A similar situation can be expected in self-assessment of ICT skills. The authors of this article introduce pilot research carried out among Bachelors student teachers aimed at identifying key factors (economic, cultural, social, and personal) that may influence how young people perceive their digital literacy and knowledge.
Towards a Theory of Formative Assessment in Online Higher Education
Authors: Gikandi Joyce W.
Published: September 2019

The affordances of online learning have coincided with increasing demand for higher education across disciplines. The need to provide appropriate learning support while fostering self-regulation in online higher education calls for formative assessment to facilitate meaningful learning. This chapter attempts to conceptually generalize the findings of a recent collective case study and develop a relevant theoretical framework for online formative assessment. The theoretical framework is intended to inform successful implementation of formative assessment in online learning contexts. The collective case study purposefully conceptualized formative assessment from a holistic pedagogical approach. Investigating application of formative assessment in the recent study explored multifaceted elements including provision of a variety of embedded authentic assessment activities. The theoretical framework advanced through this chapter is therefore an attempt to coherently unify the diverse elements and techniques from the collective case study, and explicate how this creates an effective pedagogical design to promote meaningful learning.
Effects of Interaction on E-Learning Satisfaction and Outcome
Authors: Eom Sean B. , Laouar Mohamed Ridda
Published: September 2019

We have reviewed several e-learning empirical research studies that have investigated the effects of interaction on satisfaction and outcomes of e-learning, published between 2001 and 2010. Their conclusions seemed inconclusive, ranging from no relationships between interactions and two dependent variables (satisfaction and learning outcomes) to positive relationships. In-depth analyses of these empirical studies conducted by examining dependent and independent constructs and their indicators, research methods, and participants' characteristics. We conclude that the conflicting results are due to primarily different definitions of the dependent and independent constructs and their indicator variables, different research methods employed, and participant's demographic characteristics. In order to build e-learning theories and a cumulative research tradition, it is necessary to (1) define the dependent/independent constructs and their indicators, (2) employ common research methodology, and (3) test commonly accepted causal models. Further, we suggest the following three recommendation to guide the future research. They include using only dialogue, instead of mixing dialogue and interaction, conducting learning theory-based holistic approach, and proper treatment of contextual variables.
Feedback, Feedforward, or Dialogue?
Authors: Carver Mark
Published: September 2019

Better feedback is commonly demanded by students and institutions as a way of improving student satisfaction, encouraging more scholarly approaches to assessment, and building students' capacity for self-regulated learning. Student responses to surveys are very clear on what they think makes good feedback: it is prompt, regular, specific, and accurate (e.g. Bols & Wicklow, 2013). Institutional efforts therefore typically try to improve feedback by improving in these four areas. However, Price (2013) has questioned if the customer is always right. This chapter looks at the main models of feedback from the research literature and etymology, in particular how these relate to concepts of self-regulated learning and sustainable assessment (Boud & Molloy, 2013). It is argued that dialogic feedback and feedforward are wrongly currently conceptualised in a purely positive way, which serves to limit effective critique of these models. The chapter ends by describing principles of any type of feedback, providing a working definition which is more compatible with self-regulated learning.
Quality Management Principles Application to Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Saiz-Alvarez Jose Manuel
Published: September 2019

Higher educational institutions (HEIs) are going through a process of structural transformation in which policies based on sound management are of growing importance. A process of change observed when the student had become a client, HEIs desire being at the top of international rankings, impulse relations with organizations outside the HEI to search new opportunities focused on socioeconomic change, and the HEI strives to achieve continuous improvement. Quality management has a fundamental role to play in this transformation process. The objective of this chapter is to reason about the application of the eight quality management principles into HEIs.
Fair Process in Assessing the Quality of University Faculty
Authors: Bedford Denise A.D.
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents an exploratory research framework designed to support quality assessment of faculty in higher education. First, a neutral view of a university is developed which highlights five essential business capabilities, including teaching, research, advising, advocacy, and convening. Activity models are constructed for each capability – identifying inputs, activities, and outputs. Faculty preparation and contributions to inputs, activities, and outputs/outcomes are modeled and described. Deming's model of quality is applied to the five activity models. The quality model is applied to faculty (e.g., tenure and tenure-track, non-tenure track, adjunct, graduate students, clinical, and other specialized faculty). Finally, the research explores whether the current quality management processes are fair for faculty and effective for the university's stakeholders. The exploratory research offers six observations and recommendations. The most significant observation is that only one of the five business capabilities – research has a fair and effective quality process.
A Novel Hybrid Correlation Measure for Query Expansion-Based Information Retrieval
Authors: Khennak Ilyes , Drias Habiba
Published: September 2019

Query expansion (QE) is one of the most effective techniques to enhance the retrieval performance and to retrieve more relevant information. It attempts to build more useful queries by enriching the original queries with additional expansion terms that best characterize the users' information needs. In this chapter, the authors propose a new correlation measure for query expansion to evaluate the degree of similarity between the expansion term candidates and the original query terms. The proposed correlation measure is a hybrid of two correlation measures. The first one is considered as an external correlation and it is based on the term co-occurrence, and the second one is considered as an internal correlation and it is based on the term proximity. Extensive experiments have been performed on MEDLINE, a real dataset from a large online medical database. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to prior state-of-the-art approaches.
Uncertain Confidence Network-Based Collaborative Information Retrieval Relevance Feedback Algorithm
Authors: Naouar Fatiha , Hlaoua Lobna , Omri Mohamed Nazih
Published: September 2019

Collaborative retrieval allows increasing the amount of relevant information found and sharing history with others. The collaborative retrieval can reduce the retrieval time performed by the users of the same profile. This chapter proposes a new relevance feedback algorithm to collaborative information retrieval based on a confidence network, which performs propagation relevance between annotations terms. The main contribution in this work is the extraction of relevant terms to reformulate the initial user query considering the annotations as an information source. The proposed model introduces the concept of necessity that allows determining the terms that have strong association relationships estimated to the measure of a confidence. Since the user is overwhelmed by a variety of contradictory annotations, another contribution consists of determining the relevant annotations for a given evidence source. The experimental study gives very encouraging results.
Split and Merge-Based Breast Cancer Segmentation and Classification
Authors: Khoulqi Ichrak , Idrissi Najlae
Published: September 2019

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in morocco with 36.1%. It is the second leading cause of death for women all over the world. The effective way to diagnose and treat breast cancer is the early detection because it increases the success of treatment and the chances of survival. Digitized mammographic images are one of the frequently used diagnosis tools to detect and classify the breast cancer at the early stage. To improve the diagnosis accuracy, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are beneficial for detection. Generally, a CAD system consists of four stages: pretreatment, segmentation, features extraction, and classification. In this chapter, the authors present some work in the development of a CAD system in order to segment a breast tumor (microcalcifications) on mammographic images and classify it by choosing the algorithm that gives a good rate using a technique of a vote.
Enhancing HE Stain Images Through an Advanced Soft Computing-Based Adaptive Ameliorated CLAHE
Authors: Bora Dibya Jyoti
Published: September 2019

HE stain images play a crucial role in the medical imaging process. Often these images are regarded as of golden standards by physicians for the quality and accuracy. These images are fuzzy by nature, and hence, traditional hard-based techniques are not able to deal with this. Thereby, a decrease in the accuracy of the analysis process may be experienced. Preprocessing of these images is utmost needed so that the fuzziness may be removed to a satisfactory level. A new approach for tackling this problem is introduced in this chapter. The proposed technique is soft computing-based advanced adaptive ameliorated CLAHE. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach than the other traditional techniques.
Load Balancing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Tiwari Pradeep Kumar , Rani Geeta , Jain Tarun , Mundra Ankit , Gupta Rohit Kumar
Published: September 2019

Cloud computing is an effective alternative information technology paradigm with its on-demand resource provisioning and high reliability. This technology has the potential to offer virtualized, distributed, and elastic resources as utilities to users. Cloud computing offers numerous types of computing and storage means by connecting to a vast pool of systems. However, because of its large data handling property, the major issue the technology facing is the load balancing problem. Load balancing is the maximum resource utilization with effective management of load imbalance. This chapter shares information about logical and physical resources, load balancing metrics, challenges and techniques, and also gives some suggestions that could be helpful for future studies.
Factors in Collaborations Between Technology Firms and Universities
Authors: Makewa Lazarus Ndiku
Published: September 2019

Collaboration between technology firms and universities is a concern that requires an in-depth study. In this chapter, a review was done to investigate factors affecting technology firms and universities. The review underscores several factors that should be considered in the said collaborations. These are institutional factors, relationship factors, output factors, and framework factors. Institutional factors were identified as resources, structure, and willingness to change. Relationship factors were identified as communication, commitment, trust, and culture; output factors were identified as objectives and knowledge and technology transfer; framework factors were listed as environment, contracts and intellectual property rights, and geographical distance. Future research should investigate the relationship between different factors and different phases of a collaboration. Further investigations should be done to look at the effect of collaborations between universities and technology small and medium-sized enterprises.
Information Technology Leadership and Change in Higher Education
Authors: Cobbinah Joseph Ezale
Published: September 2019

Higher educational institutions are widening participation through the introduction of new programs, using different approaches to deliver learning so that many people can have access to education. With the growing number of students in our higher educational institutions, coupled with learners who are working and by virtue of their job commitments cannot do traditional face-to-face education, using information technology (IT) to support lessons in higher education institutions has become very laudable. The introduction and use of technology have brought changes in the way we teach and support students in our higher education institutions. This, therefore, calls for effective IT leaders who will be able to motivate, inspire, and meet the learning needs of the diverse students in our institutions while improving teaching and learning. The IT leaders should not only be individuals who can only lead the change crusade but should be able to manage the change process.
The Contribution of Serious Games for the Success of Students in Entrepreneurship
Authors: Almeida Fernando
Published: September 2019

The adoption of serious games as a complement to traditional classroom training is still an emerging theme, but it offers relevant potentialities for both students and teachers. This study describes the integration process of serious games in an entrepreneurship course over five years (2014-2018). In the first three years, the ENTRExplorer was adopted, while in the last two years the FLIGBY was used. The experience of using entrepreneurship serious games is analyzed according to multiple perspectives, such as complexity, generation of more entrepreneurial or group working skills, engagement, interactivity, learning outcomes, or even the impact on the intention to establish a new venture. The findings allowed a comparative analysis of the two games, indicating significant differences in some of those dimensions. Nevertheless, the learning outcomes provided by each game were considered relevant by the students, showing that both games can be useful in the process of learning and acquiring entrepreneurship competencies.
What Makes a Fan a Fan?
Authors: Wu Ruijuan , Wang Cheng Lu , Hao Andy
Published: September 2019

The objective of this chapter is to examine how consumers become fans of Apple products through hero worship of Steve Jobs. To bolster the understanding of this interesting phenomenon regarding how consumers establish psychological connection with Steve Jobs, the psychological continuum model (PCM) and social identity theory are applied as frameworks to assess the evolvement process of Steve Jobs' fans across four progressive stages. To allocate these fans into distinct stages that represent an increased psychological connection, the authors conducted a content analysis of web reviews based on two Steve Jobs online fan communities. The findings indicate that progressive development of fans can be classified into four stages of awareness, attraction, attachment and allegiance with discrete psychological, and behavioral outcomes.
Pokémon Fandom as a Religion
Authors: Lovric Bruno
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the fandom of Nintendo Switch's Pokémon video game and its association with religion and identity-building. By means of semiotic analysis of the game's content and in-depth interviews with Hong Kong fans, the study examines the game's narrative and its role in the construction of players' social and religious identities. Using the functional framework of religion, it explores three major elements of the story: myth, ritual, and community. These three elements strengthen players' investment with the game by projecting the animistic attachment towards Pokémon characters and imbuing them with a sense of spirit or anima. The chapter argues that the game's animism is rooted in commodity-consumerism which uses emotive ties between people and things to encourage capitalist drives and encourage the sale of products. At the same time, by allowing its fans to create meaning and build a sense of connection with imaginary beings and likeminded fans, the game grants an escape from Hong Kong's urban alienation and approaches a functional view of religion.
Anime and Manga Fandom in the 21st Century
Authors: Guo Chiquan , Zeng Chengyan
Published: September 2019

Anime (animated films) and manga (comic books) fans are easily misunderstood and can even face prejudice. In fact, they are considered nerds or weirdoes in the eye of many people. This is an unfortunate happenstance for two simple reasons. First, it is a gross misperception of fans, which is fundamentally unfair to them. Second, with a growing fan base, this ever-expansive population presents ample opportunities for businesses. However, any biased view toward those fans may likely hinder marketers' efforts to serve them in an effective manner. We would like to show people what anime and manga fans are all about. This chapter aims to introduce readers to the world of anime and manga fandom and to its fans, in particular. It will present and explain specific terms such as weeaboo, otaku, waifu, husbando, fujoshi, and critic. We will also describe the different characters of anime and manga fans and explain how these characters can affect marketing.
Avatar-Based Innovation Tools for Managerial Perspectives on Digital Sharing Economy
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Vertakova Yulia
Published: September 2019

The authors in this chapter show the essence, dignity, current state, and development prospects of avatar-based management using blockchain technology for improving implementation of economic solutions in e-commerce in the framework of sharing economy. The purpose of this chapter is not to review the existing published work on avatar‐based models for policy advice. The purpose is to try an assessment of the merits and problems of avatar‐based models as a solid basis for economic policy advice that is mainly based on the work and experience within the recently finished projects Triple H Avatar, an Avatar‐Based Software Platform for HHH University, Sydney, Australia, which was carried out 2008‐2018.
Digital Marketing and E-Tailing Technological Innovations
Authors: Smith Alan D.
Published: September 2019

In an age of public mistrust of the most basic institutions, businesses are not exempted. Essentially all e-tailers want to deliver personalized and real-time communications to customers that are tailored to their interests and preferences, and are based on big data mining that customers will value over privacy concerns. This is an era in which e-commerce retailers continue to dominate the marketplace and it is integral that consumers are able to trust the manufacturers, retailers, and the service/product reviews that they read online. Such trust is particularly important if their ultimate purchase decision is a successful one. A survey of middle-level managers was analyzed to identity the basic elements: e-personalization, namely online purchasing behaviors, personalized communications, information-retrieval services, degree of personal web presence, quality assurance of customer service, and the promotion of customization services. These elements were found to be conceptually and statistically related to retailer benefits of increased buying and customer loyalty.
Blockchain Technology Is Changing the Innovation Aspect in the Digital Economy
Authors: Davydov Dmitry , Pitaikina Inna
Published: September 2019

In the digital era, banks are moving from their traditional methods of innovation to high-tech technologies. They have been working hard to provide a secure platform to their customers. With their continuous efforts and hard work, the concept of Blockchain technology came into notice. Blockchain technology is popularly known for Bitcoins. Nearly every third person or organization either knows about blockchain technology or uses it. Blockchain technology can address most of the issues related to Digital Transactions, Double Spending, and Currency Reproduction. The chapter will discuss the basic concept of Blockchain, its history, how its networks and technology work, and how its primary technologies evolved. By the end of the chapter, the technical design and expected outcomes will be clearly understood. The chapter also tries to review other research done in this domain.
Cross-Cluster Projects in Development of Innovations and New Industries
Authors: Matyukin Sergey V.
Published: September 2019

In modern conditions, innovations appear not so much as a result of successive linear processes, but as a result of cross-functional interactions between different industries. Modern innovative projects are the results of cross-cultural, cross-information, cross-disciplinary collaborations. Their results are not only the development of perspective projects, but also the emergence of new industries in the economy. In the Chapter, the model of implementation of cross-innovative projects in the cluster as an EFFECTIVE modern production system is considered. Prerequisites are investigated and the model of realization of cross-cluster projects is offered. Considered are examples of successful implementation of collaborative projects within the clusters of countries in Western Europe and the USA. The perspective directions of cross-cluster projects for the development of the economy of Russian regions are determined. Dedicated perspective purposes for the management companies of clusters to promote cross-cluster innovation.
The Use of Blockchain Technology Tools in Modern Education Reduces the Likelihood of “Robotization” of People
Authors: Davydov Dmitry
Published: September 2019

There is a need to get into a “clearing house” to shed light on certain operational concepts in the question at hand: (1) modern; (2) education; (3) “robotize”/“robotization”/“robotizing”; and (4) people. People. In the present discussion, “people” may not only refer to students in a situation of formal schooling. It generally refers to all learners under normal circumstances and this context is taken in the light of what is previously pointed out in #2 where the inclusive application of the term education is given emphasis. “Robotize”/“Robotization”/“Robotizing”. It is a neologism or a coinage, if you will, which is derived from the term “robot”. A robot is basically a human-programmed machine capable of automatically performing tasks both simple and complex. Education: In simple terms, education involves teaching (in all its forms, so that it could be a learner teaching her/himself or an entity other than the learner that is the source of matters to be learned).
Chronic Stress and Chronic Pain
Authors: Starcevic Branislav
Published: September 2019

Pain and stress basically overlap in conceptual and physiological perceptions. Chronic stress and chronic pain share a common behavioral model of failure to extinguish negative memories as one of psychological and physiological mechanisms of defense. They also have discrepancies such that the final brain endophenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and chronic pain appears to be different among the three conditions, and the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis remains unclear in the physiology of pain. Persistence of either stress or pain is maladaptive and could lead to compromised homeostasis. The effectiveness of interventions that may increase return to work and patient satisfaction in trauma victims should be a future directive of research.
Whole-Body Cryotherapy as a Tool to Improving of Infrared Thermography Diagnostics
Authors: Cholewka Armand , Stanek Agata , Sieroń-Stołtny Karolina , Kajewska Joanna
Published: September 2019

The use of low temperature on the whole human body switched on beneficial physiological reactions. Whole-body cryotherapy is used as a part of rehabilitation. There were reported studies of thermal imaging performed due to whole body cooling in case of patients suffering from different diseases that showed a significant enhancement of the skin temperature gradient observed after cryotherapy. That explains that such therapeutic technique like whole-body cryotherapy can be used as a part of infrared thermography diagnostic procedure.
Political Communication, Freedom of Expression, and Ethics
Authors: Kavoğlu Samet , Salar Meryem
Published: September 2019

The chapter addresses the implementation of “binding group decision” problematically. According to the study, this implementation is a restrictive issue for the discourses and actions of the members of the parliament who are assigned with the duty of representation of the nation and entitled with privileges within the context of freedom of expression. In this context, the legal legislation and bylaws of the political parties with groups in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (TBMM) and internal regulations are analyzed within the context of restrictive provisions. Moreover, sample cases from 22nd and 24th legislative terms of the TBMM are examined within the context of political communication, freedom of expression, and ethics. This chapter grounds on a descriptive method based on historical events and legal texts. As a result of the study, it should be stressed that the implementation of “binding group decision” needs to be examined in terms of political ethics as a restrictive element for the freedom of expression and communication, despite being legal.
Bernays, Horkheimer, and Adorno
Authors: Sipling William
Published: September 2019

Social media and 21st century mass communication have changed the technological landscape of marketing and advertising, enabling instant content creation, content curation, and audience feedback. The thought of Edward Bernays can be useful in examining and interrogating today's media, especially through the lens of Frankfurt School social theorists Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. Further, the works Crystalizing Public Opinion and Propaganda are critiqued through ideas found in Dialectic of Enlightenment to give business and PR professionals ethical concepts that may be applied to modern trends in communications.
March 31, 2019 Local Elections and the Media
Authors: Yegen Ceren
Published: September 2019

Voters in a democracy contribute to the governance process and mediate the legitimacy of equality and pluralism. This is of great importance in terms of understanding and legitimizing the true meaning of democracy. In the last decade, Turkey has experienced many elections. Local elections on March 31, 2019 were very important. They were quite different in terms of the presentation of political parties and their candidates in the media because both politicians and the public ascribed a lot of meaning to these elections. Therefore, the media showed great interest in the March 31, 2019 local elections, frequently featuring public opinion polls, election campaigns, and political statements that informed voters in real time. This chapter examines the media content of the March 31, 2019 elections.
Understanding Indian Political Parties Through the Lens of Marketing Management
Authors: Pattnaik Pinaki Nandan , Shukla Mahendra Kumar
Published: September 2019

This chapter identifies and develops an understanding of various nuances and the synchrony between the concepts of marketing management and usage by political parties while electioneering. The chapter also evaluates various political marketing models and has developed a comprehensive model to better understand its applicability in an Indian context. It is based on substantial literature review to develop a holistic understanding of Political Marketing and Models of Political Marketing. A Case study of the Bharatiya Janata Party is used to evaluate the proposed model. This chapter adds insight from the Indian viewpoint on existing literature concerning political marketing models.
A Bayesian Probability Model Can Simulate the Knowledge of Soybean Rust Researchers to Optimize the Application of Fungicides
Authors: Figueiredo Gregory Vinícius Conor , Fantin Lucas Henrique , Canteri Marcelo Giovanetti , Ferreira da Rocha José Carlos , Filho David de Souza Jaccoud
Published: September 2019

Asian rust is the main soybean disease in Brazil, causing up to 80% of yield reduction. The use of fungicides is the main form of control; however, due to farmer's concern with outbreaks many unnecessary applications are performed. The present study aims to verify the usefulness of a probability model to estimate the timing and the number of fungicides sprays required to control Asian soybean rust, using Bayesian networks and knowledge engineering. The model was developed through interviews with rust researchers and a literature review. The Bayesian network was constructed with the GeNIe 2.0 software. The validation process was performed by 42 farmers and 10 rust researchers, using 28 test cases. Among the 28 tested cases, generated by the system, the agreement with the model was 47.5% for the farmers and 89.3% for the rust researchers. In general, the farmers overestimate the number. The results showed that the Bayesian network has accurately represented the knowledge of the expert, and also could help the farmers to avoid the unnecessary applications.
Using Neural Natural Network for Image Recognition in Bioinformatics
Authors: Kharicheva Dina
Published: September 2019

Automatic image recognition is very useful in bioinformatics. This article presents a novel technique to recognize the characters in the number plate automatically by using connected component analysis (CCA), artificial neural network (ANN) and neural natural network (Triple N). The preprocessing steps, Sobel edge detection technique and CCA are applied to the captured image of the vehicle to obtain character images. ANN technique can be used over these images to recognize the characters of the image in bioinformatics. The preprocessing steps are used to remove the noise and to enhance the image for recognizing the characters effectively. After performing the preprocessing steps, the edge detection technique and CCA are carried out to separate the character images from the whole image which can be recognized using ANN. These text characters can be compared with database to find authentication of vehicle, identifying the owner of the vehicle, penalty bill generation, etc.
State Strategy of Russian Universities and Technological Business Companies for the Transfer of Bioinformatics Knowledge
Authors: Irina Potapova
Published: September 2019

This article presents examples of optimization of IT-infrastructure. Issues of information security at the time of digital economy are discussed. The article lists modern trends of optimization at IT-infrastructure use of bioinformatics knowledge. Examples of cloud services and the use of hybrid clouds are given. The information system of the future is defined. There is an integration of the existing system into a single digital platform and a description is given of ensuring the work of the social bloc of the country. The author defines the software visualizer, which opens unlimited possibilities for manipulating disk resources.
Gender Differences in Perception of Gamification Elements on Social Live Streaming Services
Authors: Scheibe Katrin , Zimmer Franziska
Published: September 2019

Gamification is seen as an important factor for people to use different services, this also applies to social live streaming services (SLSSs). In China, there are around 200 SLSSs available, and the most successful of them apply a wide range of gamification elements. The general SLSS YouNow, which is mostly used by the younger generation, is a SLSS with the most applied gamification elements outside of China. However, it remains unclear if and to what extend gamification elements motivate female and male streamers differently. We empirically investigate this question by applying a survey with 94 streamers (female N = 48; male N = 46). The results indicate that YouNow is seen favorable by the streamers, but female streamers have a more positive view of it. Furthermore, male and female streamers are inclined to spend real money to further their motives. Overall, female streamers are more motivated by gamification elements than male streamers. Female streamers prefer Levels, the Progress Bar, Badges; male streamers favor Coins, Gifts, and Levels.
A Quantum Secure Entity Authentication Protocol Design for Network Security
Authors: Paul Surjit , Kumar Sanjay , Suman Rajiv Ranjan
Published: September 2019

Authentication is one of the significant issues for all kinds of network communications. Most of the authentication protocols designed and implemented so far for entity authentication are based on classical cryptographic techniques to prevent themselves from different types of attacks. These protocols use either password or challenge for authentication. In this article, the design of the proposed quantum secure entity authentication protocol is shown. The proposed protocol is based on the challenge response method. Due to quantum computer capability to break mathematical complexity-based cryptographic techniques, the proposed protocol uses the one-time pad (OTP) to secure itself from attacks, i.e., eavesdropping, reply attack, password guessing attack, man-in-the-middle attack, brute-force attack, quantum computer attack, etc. Security of the proposed protocol was analyzed, and it shows that the proposed protocol may prevent itself from different types of attacks. Further, analysis for quantum Secure was carried out. From the analysis, it is found that if the OTP key is truly random and cannot be reused, then a computer with infinite capacity or quantum computer cannot break the encrypted challenge and response. The proposed protocol may be used for entity authentication for the client, server, process, and user.