bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Liquid Product Characteristics of PFAD Metal Soap Decarboxylation by Batch and Continuous Process
Authors: Neonufa Godlief F. , Elizabeth Lidya , Puspawiningtiyas Endar , Pratiwi Meiti , Istyami Astri Nur , Purwadi Ronny , Soerawidjaja Tatang H.
Published: July 2021

Well-run continuous processes will benefit the industrial world in the future. This paper investigated the effect of batch and continuous processes on metal basic soap decarboxylation in terms of the liquid product characteristics. The metal soap used in the process was made from palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) reacted with mixed metal oxides of Zn, Mg, and Ca. While the batch decarboxylation was carried out in a batch reactor at 400 °C for 5 hours, the continuous decarboxylation was conducted at 400 °C with a feed flow rate of 3.75 gr/minutes. Theoretically, the yield of batch decarboxylation is 76.6 wt% while the yield of continuous decarboxylation is 73.37 wt%. The liquid product was fractionated to separate short-chain hydrocarbon of C7-C10 (gasoline fractions) from medium- to long-chain hydrocarbons, or greater than C11 (green diesel fraction). The result showed that the alkane content from the batch process was higher than from the continuous process, whereas the continuous process produced more ketone products compared to the batch process. Furthermore, the GC-FID analysis showed a similar amount of total hydrocarbon (alkane, iso-alkane, and alkene) in both the batch and the continuous process.
Hydrogenated Palm Fatty Acid Distillate as Raw Materials for Magnesium Stearate Alternatives
Authors: Zakaria Abdu Ravi , Setiawan Dwi Rokhmat , Shelly Shelly , Laniwati Melia , Lestari Dianika
Published: July 2021

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) was used as raw material to produce solid lubricant, or anti-adherent, for confectionery or pharmaceutical products. To improve the degree of saturation, the PFAD was hydrogenated by using two methods: gaseous hydrogenation (GH) and catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) using ammonium formate to produce hydrogenated PFAD (HPFAD). The HPFAD was saponified with MgO to produce magnesium salts of hydrogenated PFAD (Mg-HPFAD). The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of hydrogen concentration and reaction temperature on the iodine value of HPFAD and to investigate the characteristics of paracetamol tablets when using Mg-HPFAD as lubricant compared to commercial Mg-stearate. The HPFAD produced by CTH had a lower iodine value than the HPFAD produced by GH. The lowest iodine value was obtained after CTH using 3.6 M ammonium formate at 90°C. Paracetamol tablets with Mg-PFAD or Mg-HPFAD lubricant showed higher dissolution of active compounds with similar friability, frictiability, and hardness compared to paracetamol tablets with Mg-stearate.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide from Expanded Graphite at Different Microwave Heating Times
Authors: Moosa Ahmed A , Mahdi Zainab H. , Mutar Mohammed A.
Published: July 2021

Exfoliated graphite (EG)  was prepared by mixing graphite with HNO3 and KMnO4 at weight ratio 1:2:1 using microwave heating at times 20, 60, 80 and 120 sec. Graphene  oxide (GO) was then prepared using EG as precursor by the modified Hummer’s method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses  showed successful conversion of EG into GO. The XRD results of the GO showed that the maximum interplanar distance (d-spacing) increased from 0.344 to 0.831 nm. The AFM showed a minimum thickness of  0.519 nm for a single layer of GO prepared from EG 80 sec. The XRD examination also showed an increase in the d-spacing between the GO layers after sonication compared to before sonication.
Propostas para o Atendimento às Pessoas Surdas em Serviços de Governo Eletrônico
Authors: Santos Sylvana Karla S. L. , Mendes Núbia Flávia O. , Silva Queila Pahim da
Published: July 2021

Este artigo discute sobre o acesso à informação em sites do governo eletrônico do Brasil por meio das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação, analisa a importância do atendimento às pessoas Surdas brasileiras em sua primeira língua, a Língua Brasileira de Sinais - Libras, e apresenta propostas para adequar e oportunizar a oferta de serviços aos cidadãos, a partir de páginas e conteúdos mais amplos.
Uso de técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural para identificação de similaridade de serviços públicos
Authors: Campos Sandro Luís Brandão , Figueiredo Josiel  Maimone de
Published: July 2021

A procura e a oferta por serviços públicos digitais estão se difundindo globalmente e foram potencializados com os efeitos da pandemia. De forma geral, a descrição de um serviço público possui palavras chaves e dados específicos que caracterizam o seu propósito. Este trabalho usa técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural nessas informações textuais e realiza análise de similaridade entre os serviços públicos para gerar recomendação, baseada em conteúdo, dos serviços ao cidadão. Os resultados demonstraram ser possível encontrar similaridade entre os 71 serviços analisados que possibilita personalizar conteúdo ao cidadão recomendando serviços públicos similares ao que ele geralmente utiliza.
Phyto-Potential of Allium cepa and Allium sativum
Authors: Gupta Rubi , Kaushik Prashant
Published: July 2021

Garlic and onion are either cooked like a vegetable because of their green leaves or are also used as a condiment. Many scientific studies affirm the positives of both for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potential. Moreover, garlic and onion are regularly employed to treat cardiovascular illnesses, strokes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemias, and thrombosis, and are also proved effective against Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and cancers. Here we have compiled a piece of information regarding the compounds present in garlic and onion along with their pharmacological properties. Although much more studies are required to refine the utilization and enhance garlic and medicine’s effectiveness. We hope this work will provide helpful information regarding their pharmacological aspects.
On the Efficacy of Particle Swarm Optimization for Gateway Placement in LoRaWAN Networks
Authors: N. Nyirenda Clement
Published: July 2021

The efficacy of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in determining the optimal locations for gateways in LoRaWAN networks is investigated. A modified PSO approach, which introduces gateway distancing measures during the initialization phase and flight time, is proposed. For the ease of comparisons and the understanding of the behavior of the algorithms under study, a square LoRaWAN area is used for simulations. Optimization results on a LoRaWAN script, implemented in NS-3, show that the modified PSO converges faster and achieves better results than the traditional PSO, as the number of gateways increases. Results further show that the modified PSO approach achieves similar performance to a deterministic approach, in which gateways are uniformly distributed in the network. This shows that for swarm intelligence techniques such as PSO to be used for gateway placement in LoRaWAN networks, gateway distancing mechanisms must be incorporated in the optimization process. These results further show that these techniques can be easily deployed in geometrically more complex LoRaWAN figures such as rectangular, triangular, circular and trapezoidal shapes. It is generally difficult to figure out a deterministic gateway placement mechanism for such shapes. As part of future work, more realistic LoRaWAN networks will be developed by using real geographical information of an area.
Delivering Precision Medicine to Patients with Spinal Cord Disorders; Insights into Applications of Bioinformatics and Machine Learning from Studies of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: J. Ost Kalum , W. Anderson David , W. Cadotte David
Published: July 2021

With the common adoption of electronic health records and new technologies capable of producing an unprecedented scale of data, a shift must occur in how we practice medicine in order to utilize these resources. We are entering an era in which the capacity of even the most clever human doctor simply is insufficient. As such, realizing “personalized” or “precision” medicine requires new methods that can leverage the massive amounts of data now available. Machine learning techniques provide one important toolkit in this venture, as they are fundamentally designed to deal with (and, in fact, benefit from) massive datasets. The clinical applications for such machine learning systems are still in their infancy, however, and the field of medicine presents a unique set of design considerations. In this chapter, we will walk through how we selected and adjusted the “Progressive Learning framework” to account for these considerations in the case of Degenerative Cervical Myeolopathy. We additionally compare a model designed with these techniques to similar static models run in “perfect world” scenarios (free of the clinical issues address), and we use simulated clinical data acquisition scenarios to demonstrate the advantages of our machine learning approach in providing personalized diagnoses.
Comparison of Epidural Dexmedetomidine Versus Ropivacaine Infusion Effectiveness in Preventing Erection Following Reconstructive Urethral Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Teymourian Houman , Saeedi Nima , Salimi Hojat
Published: July 2021

Background: One of the most common devastating problems that occur after urethroplasty is erection, which causes surgical complications (fistula, wound dehiscence, and surgical graft failure) and the need for repairing the complications. We attempted to compare the effect of continuous epidural infusion of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine as a post-surgical erection prevention strategy. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine epidural infusion on the incidence of erection after reconstructive urethral surgery. Methods: An RCT was conducted on 45 patients who were scheduled for reconstructive urethral surgery. They were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control (n = 15), (2) epidural dexmedetomidine (n = 15), (3) and epidural ropivacaine (n = 15). The control group received oral medication after surgery according to the conventional method (cyproterone compound tablets 50 mg BD and diazepam tablets 2 mg TDS for a week) to prevent erection. The DEX group received dexmedetomidine as continuous epidural infusion, and the ROP group received ropivacaine in addition to the conventional method. The occurrence of erection during day and night was recorded separately until the seventh day after surgery. Due to the long-time interval between case selection, participants from different groups were not matched with each other. Results: The incidence of erection in the dexmedetomidine group was lower than that in the ropivacaine group per person (0.87) and significantly lower than in the control group (2.8 per person). Also, there was significantly less erection in the ropivacaine group (1.2 per person) than in the control group. Our study showed that erection after surgery significantly decreased with the continuous epidural infusion of dexmedetomidine and ropivacaine. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine seems to have a significant preventive effect on erection after reconstructive urethral surgery.
Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation of Thoracic T2 and T3 Sympathectomy in Palmar Hyperhidrosis: A Case Report
Authors: Mohammad Khalil Atef , Makram Botros Joseph , Boules Maged Labib , Salama Atef Kamel , Gaber Ragab Safaa
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Hyperhidrosis is the maladjustment of excess sweating in specific parts of the body. Radiofrequency (RF) therapy has been successfully used to treat hyperhidrosis with a success rate of 85% - 95% in patients refractory to sympathectomy. The main hypothesis was the association between reduced palmar hyperhidrosis and radiofrequency RF therapy. The RF therapy is a less invasive technique, including the utilization of electromagnetic energy that is deposited near the nerve tissue. The mechanism of action of continuous RF could be explained by the destruction of afferent nerve fibers on their way from a nociceptive focus to the central nervous system. Pulsed RF was invented to explore this possibility, with the sole purpose of finding a less destructive and equally effective technique for the application of RF to afferent pathways. Herein, we further evaluated whether the procedure was safe without any complications in routine follow-up in palmar hyperhidrosis. Case Presentation: Herein, we report the case of a male patient with an age of 22 years undergoing thermal RF sympathectomy therapy of thoracic T2 and T3 sympathetic ganglia for the palmar hyperhidrosis of his right hand observed for 3 months. The patient developed a contraction of the flexor involving the small muscles of the right hand with severe pain and congestion 17 days after the procedure without any other complications. The contraction was relieved by a sonar-guided median nerve block at the wrist with two injections of 2 mL lidocaine 2% and 2 mL dexamethasone. Conclusions: This study has been the first clinical case report complicated by the development of a contraction of the flexor muscles of the right hand with severe pain and congestion. The spasm was gradually relieved by sonar-guided median nerve injection at the level of the wrist and intended to assess the role of RF ablation with a success rate of 85% - 95% in palmar hyperhidrosis.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Brucellosis During 2014 - 2017 in Salmas, Iran
Authors: Taghinejad Javid , Sadeghi Ali , Barati Babak , Roshdi Mehdi , Najafi Morteza , Abdollahi Maqsoud , Jahantab Mehdi
Published: July 2021

Background: Despite substantial efforts to control the disease, brucellosis remains one the most rampant zoonotic infections among agricultural and rural populations. It is still considered a major public health challenge in endemic areas, including Iran. Objectives: Regarding the high prevalence rate of brucellosis in northwest of Iran and the occupational nature of the disease, this study intends to describe the epidemiological pattern of brucellosis in Salmas, Iran, during 2014 - 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the data collected using a checklist designed to investigate the personal health records of patients available at Urmia University of Medical Sciences from 2014 to 2017. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS, version 19. Chi-square, t-test, and the Cochran-Armitage χ2 test for trend were performed. Results: Among 417 brucellosis cases, the total incidence rate was 52.73 cases/100,000 inhabitants over the four-year study. The prevalence rate of brucellosis was higher in men, and the male to female ratio was 1.38. The 31 - 45 years age group was the most infected. Summer season showed a higher prevalence. Brucellosis was more common among housewives-stockbreeders. Cheese was the most frequently consumed unpasteurized dairy product. The majority of patients were from rural regions. Conclusions: The study shows a significant increase in the prevalence of human brucellosis in Salmas, hence the disease has to be regarded as a public health priority. Educating farmers and inhabitants of endemic areas to take preventive measures can play a significant role in controlling brucellosis.
Combining Analytical Models and Mesh Morphing Based Optimization Techniques for the Design of Flying Multihulls Appendages
Authors: Cella Ubaldo , Groth Corrado , Porziani Stefano , Clarich Alberto , Franchini Francesco , Biancolini Marco Evangelos
Published: July 2021

The fluid dynamic design of hydrofoils involves most of the typical difficulties of aeronautical wings design with additional complexities related to the design of a device operating in a multiphase environment. For this reason, “high fidelity” analysis solvers should be, in general, adopted also in the preliminary design phase. In the case of modern fast foiling sailing yachts, the appendages accomplish both the task of lifting up the boat and to make possible upwind sailing by contributing balance to the sail side force and the heeling moment. Furthermore, their operative design conditions derive from the global equilibrium of forces and moments acting on the system which might vary in a very wide range of values. The result is a design problem defined by a large number of variables operating in a wide design space. In this scenario, the device performing in all conditions has to be identified as a trade-off among several conflicting requirements. One of the most efficient approaches to such a design challenge is to combine multi-objective optimization strategies with experienced aerodynamic design.

This paper presents a numerical optimization procedure suitable for foiling multihulls. As a proof of concept, it reports, as an application, the foils design of an A-Class catamaran. The key point of the method is the combination of opportunely developed analytical models of the hull forces with high fidelity multiphase analyses in both upwind and downwind sailing conditions. The analytical formulations were tuned against a database of multiphase analyses of a reference demihull at several attitudes and displacements.

An aspect that significantly contributes to both efficiency and robustness of the method is the approach adopted to the geometric parametrization of the foils which was implemented by a mesh morphing technique based on Radial Basis Functions.
Institutionalizing Modular Adaptable Ship Technologies
Authors: Doerry Norbert H.
Published: July 2021

The U.S. Navy is tasked within a constrained budget with fulfilling its missions in an environment of evolving threats and a corresponding rapidly evolving mission system technology base. Modular Adaptable Ship (MAS) technologies enable the affordable transformation of a ship over its service life to maintain military relevance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Navy, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.
Complex-Panel Weld Shrinkage Data Model for Neat Construction Ship Design Engineering
Authors: Yang Y. P. , Castner H. , Dull R. , Dydo J. , Huang T. D. , Fanguy D. , Dlugokecki V. , Hepinstall L.
Published: July 2021

Weld shrinkage data models were developed for thin uniform and complex ship-panels to predict in-plane shrinkage. The complex features in the thin panels include cutouts, inserts, multiple thicknesses, and non-rectangular shaped panels. By analyzing the measured data, it was found that there was no clear indication that a cutout affected the overall panel in-plane shrinkage although it induced more out-of-plane distortion. It was observed that the inserts induced additional butt joint across-weld and along-weld shrinkage and did not affect the fillet-weld shrinkage. The weld shrinkage data models were embedded in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for ease of use. The spreadsheets permit the user to input the panel design parameters including material type, plate thickness, stiffener shape, spacing, and length, and overall panel dimensions, as well as complex-panel features that include inserts, multiple plate thicknesses, and non-rectangular-shaped panels. The user can also provides fabrication details, such as the welding process, weld sizes, welding parameters, and the use of fixtures.
Overwelding and distortion control for naval surface combatants
Authors: Huang T. D. , Harbison M. , Kvidahl L. , Niolet D. , Walks J. , Stefanick K. , Phillipi M. , Dong P. , DeCan L. , Caccese V. , Blomquist P. , Kihl D. , Wong R. , Nappi N. , Gardner J. , Wong C. , Bjornson M. , Manuel A.
Published: July 2021

As high-strength thin-steel usage in ship design increases, dimensional management becomes very critical to control rework costs and schedule delays in ship production. Prior Office of Naval Research (ONR) and National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) projects have helped Ingalls Shipbuilding to emphasize dimensional control for thin steel structures. Huntington-Ingalls (previous Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding) has, in recent years, substantially increased its emphasis on dimensional management as an enabler to achieving its aggressive goals for the future. These goals include cost and lead time reduction for hull erection and increasing early-stage outfitting.

Nevertheless, improvements to shipbuilding facilities and process technology have not kept pace with the rate of change in ship design. Worse, new designs using thinner steels are subject to legacy weld size requirements. These two factors result in widespread overwelding. Severe plate buckling in naval vessels has been attributed to oversized welds in thin plate ship structures. The problem of overwelding has two distinct sources:

- The weld sizing method developed in the 1980s is still used in most shipbuilding specifications regardless of ship class. This prevents the incentive of application of latest technologies that can make strong, precision fillet welds for modern lightweight thin steel naval surface combatants.

- Shipyard welders tend to make welds even larger than design requirement in order to satisfy Quality Assurance (QA) inspection. In a number of investigations, fillet welds requiring a leg size of 5mm are typically found to have an average size of 8mm, resulting in more than double the heat input and distortion. The approach to the solution of this overwelding problem will be described in detail in this paper:

- Develop appropriate weld sizing criteria for thin plate structures-this can be facilitated by numerical modeling to ensure adequate static shear, tensile, bending, fatigue and dynamic impact capacity of structural welds;

- Perform a robust designed experiment to confirm the models and establish confidence that precision weld sizes can provide necessary performance and strength throughout the design service life of the vessel.
Minimising the Cost of Coating Ships
Authors: Broderick Darren , Wright Peter , Kattan Raouf
Published: July 2021

In the current economic climate the pressures on both ship builders and ship owners to minimise the cost of their operations is stronger than ever. Although paint material cost, to coat an entire vessel, only represents a very small percentage of the total for a new build vessel. For a ship builder the labour cost of applying coatings to a vessel can represent in excess of 10-15% of the total labour costs to build a vessel, in some cases as much a 30% this can be attributable to rework. For the ship owner coatings can have significant impact on the operating costs, and the availability of the vessel.

With greater emphasis being placed on sustainability and life cycle costs it is in the interest of both ship builders and the owner/operators to seek ways to minimise the cost of the coatings at both the application stage and maintenance during the service life of the vessel. This paper will present work that has been undertaken to examine the life cycle process of designing, building, operating and recycling a ship, and how the activities within the different stages effect the application of paint and the influence this has on costs.
Air Layer Drag Reduction Applied to Flat-Plate Resistance Testing
Authors: Hagan Nathan T. , Oczeretko Jack
Published: July 2021

Throughout the history of naval architecture the idea of reducing frictional resistance has been the focus of extensive theoretical and experimental research. One potential method for reducing drag is the use of air on the underside of a vessel in the form of Bubble-Induced-Skin-Friction-Drag-Reduction (BDR) and Air-Layer-Drag- Reduction (ALDR). The latter, ALDR, is the focus of this thesis. This document covers flat-plate experimental research conducted using the Webb Institute Flow Channel during the spring of 2012. The objectives of this project were to demonstrate drag reduction at a variety of conditions, including varying speeds, air injection rates, and deadrise angles. A secondary objective was to map the distribution of air migration on the underside of the surface as a function of these conditions. During experimentation conclusive evidence was gathered to support the validity of the ALDR concept, although scaling has not been addressed. Some recommendations for continued work include exploring this concept in experimentation of air entrapment hull forms or analysis of performance characteristics at full scale.
IMO Developments on the Stability of Passenger Ships
Authors: Bruhns Hendrik
Published: July 2021

The new probabilistic and more risk based subdivision and damage stability rules have brought many changes and more flexibility to the subdivision requirements for passenger ship designs. Whilst designers are still adapting to the fundamentally changed SOLAS requirements, applicable January 1st 2009, many additional items remain on the agenda of IMO addressing the stability of passenger ships. Additional damage stability regulations for ro-ro passenger ships as well as requirements towards stability and sea-keeping characteristics of damaged passenger ships in a seaway when returning to port by own power or under tow are among the topics that are currently being addressed. These could have considerable impact on future passenger- and ro-ro passenger vessel designs.
BASICS OF AUTOMATION OF PROFILING OF HIGH-EFFICIENT INSERTS OF THE TOOL FOR THREAD MACHINING
Authors: Onysko Oleh , Lukan Tetiana , Pituley Lolita , Shuliar Iryna , Havryliv Yurii
Published: July 2021

Many modern threaded joints especially in the oil and gas industry, must satisfy high requirements for steel mechanical properties of which they are made. To ensure efficient threading of such hard-to-machine materials (ultimate strength is more than 1250 MPa), it is necessary to use carbide cutting inserts with the negative rake angle at its corner. However, modern manufacturers of such inserts make them only with a zero value of the rake angle. This is due to the difficulty of profiling of the insert cutting edge. This article proposes the basics of such inserts automatic profiling which is based on the algorithm developed by the authors. It includes two corrective calculations of the insert cutting edge profile, namely: the radial displacement of the corner and the tangential displacement of the area forming the crest of the thread. As a result, the computer application with the input parameter of the rake angle and output parameter of the upgraded profile of the insert cutting edge is received.
ACTION-COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS OF THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENT ON LAND AND FOREST FIRE RESTRAINT IN PELALAWAN DISTRICT, RIAU PROVINCE
Authors: Fithriyyah Mustiqowati Ummul , Suwitri Sri , Warella Yopie , Yuliani Febri
Published: July 2021

The problems of forest and land fires continue to overshadow in Riau Province and Pelalawan District including the contributors of fire spots of forest and land fires. The handling and control of forest and land fires run during this time tend to be incidental and focus on the aspect of fire suppression only. The extinguishing and controlling of forest and land fires fire has been undertaken by several agencies in the local government organization of Pelalawan District. While the relationship between the agencies is more information share and informational relationship and the deployment of resource assistance is limited to the capacity of each organization during the occurrence of forest and land fires only, not led to a collaborative multi-disciplinary working approach (inter-organizational collaborative network) in the area of local government. This research aims to Described the management situation of forest and land fires that took place in Pelalawan District, conducting analysis and academic studies on the practice of Network Inter-Organization by controlling forest and land fires (Karhutla) in Pelalawan District, and formulating model Inter-organizational network-based organizations that can be applied to regional government of Pelalawan District in every bureaucracy organizations. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with reference to literature studies and interview reluct collection by (Agranoff i McGuire, 2003).
САРАЈЕВСКИ АТЕНТАТ 1914. ГОДИНЕ И БОСНА И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНА
Authors: Микић Ђорђе
Published: July 2021

Имајући у виду противречности у обради питања Сарајевског атентата између науке, политике и пропаганде и запостављање укупних друштвених прилика у Босни и Херцеговини, пре и после аустроугарске окупације, политичка наука и пропаганда сву кривицу за атентат 28. јуна 1914. године на престо- лонаследика Франца Фердинанда приписује Гаврилу Принципу, његовим друговима и незваничној и званичној Србији. Прилазећи обради овога питања са позиција онога што је и научно и ненаучно писано, акценат ће бити на запостављеним и прећутаним питања, било да је реч о атентату, омладини Младе Босне, или судским и ратним одмаздама, имајући увек у виду улогу и последице атентата на Босну и Херцеговину и Сарајево, које је те 1914. године постало центар света. Стогодишњица Сарајевског атентата прилика је да се из обележавања избаце пропаганда и политика, а укључе наука и истина, да се не понови оно што се десило у Аустрији за четрдесетогодишњицу. Сарајевске атентаторе историја је признала као најдоследније борце за слободу и правду, који су радили без ичијег наговора, повезани заједничким идејама, с највећим пожртвовањем које човек уопште може дати и идеалима.
OSNOVNA OBELEŽJA OSIGURANJA BILJNE PROIZVODNJE U SRBIJI
Authors: Vojinović Željko
Published: July 2021

Osiguranje biljne proizvodnje daje važan doprinos proizvodnji hrane, koja je u izuzetnoj meri izložena brojnim i razornim prirodnim opasnostima. Poznato je, da Srbija spada u zemlje koje imaju izuzetno dobre prirodne preduslove za ovu proizvodnju. Nivo razvijenosti srbijanskog osiguranja biljne proizvodnje u radu je procenjen korišćenjem nekoliko pokazatelja, uobičajenih za ovakva istraživanja, uz njihova poređenja sa odabranim evropskim zemljama uporedivim sa našom zemljom. Vrednosti većine pokazatelja upućuju na izuzetno slabu razvijenost osiguranja biljne proizvodnje u Srbiji, i njenu još uvek nedovoljnu podršku razvoju poljoprivrede. Iskustva, kako razvijenih zemalja, tako i zemalja u tranziciji, ukazuju da bi doprinos popravljanju ovakvog stanja morali pružiti uporedo i država i osiguravajuća društva, svako sa svog stanovišta.
KRITIKA MASOVNE KULTURE FRIEDRICHA NIETZSCHEA
Authors: Stanković Pejnović Vesna
Published: July 2021

Zajedno sa Marxom, Friedrich Nietzsche se može smatrati velikim teoretičarem i kritičarem moderne, s obzirom na životno negativne aspekte, moderne kulture. Nietzsche je razvio jednu od prvih temeljitih kritika masovne kulture i društva, države, birokratske dicipline koji su kasnije duboko utjecali na diskurs moderne. Za njega je masovna kultura temelj moderne društvene realnosti kao snage dekadencije i nihilizma koja unazađuje autentičnu kulturu stvarajući mediokritetsku kulturu. Nietzsche je „anti-politički“ orijentisan, jer je smatrao da masovna politika vodi do konformiteta stada, gubitku individualnosti, proizvodeći masovnu manipulaciju i homogenizaciju što šteti vitalnoj životnoj energiji, kreativnosti i superiornosti individualiteta. Isto tako smatrao je da moderna demokracija, liberalizam i prosvjetiteljski društveni pokreti pridonose regresiji „modernog čovjeka“ kroz štampu i masovnu kulturu fokusirajući se na trivijalnosti, suvišnosti, senzacionalizmu stvarajući homogenost i konformizam. Sa te perspektive može se promatrati projekat „Skopje 2014“, u kojem se država i političke elite sakrivaju iza kulture i nacionalnog identiteta u pokušaju izgradnje identiteta baziranom na kulturi u kojem nema pojedinca, već samo improvizirani kolektivitet. Pojedinac, izgubljen u promjenama ideologija, sistema, društvenih okolnosti postaje izgubljen u kolektivitetu u kojem uzaludno pokušava pronaći mjesto, ne shvaćajući da ne postoji ništa iza obmane.
POJAM I OBLICI MATERIJALNIH NAGRADA I NJIHOVA ULOGA U POSLOVANJU ORGANIZACIJE
Authors: Vidaković Tatjana
Published: July 2021

Smatra se da je sistem nagrađivanja u savremenim uslovima poslovanja jedan od kritičnih faktora koji doprinosi uspjehu organizacije. Pravedno utvrđena plata jedan je od najjačih pokretača posla. Za zaposlene pravedan sistem nagrađivanja pruža veću motivaciju i snažniji podsticaj u izvršenju preuzetih obaveza i zadataka, dok za organizaciju to znači mogućnost da se privuku i zadrže zaposleni odgovarajućih vještina i sposobnosti. S ciljem da se uskladi ostvarenje različitih individualnih potreba zaposlenih, s jedne, i utvrđenih ciljeva organizacije, s druge strane, danas se primjenjuju različiti programi materijalnog nagrađivanja. Ovi programi predstavljaju različitu kombinaciju materijalnih nagrada - stimulacija, bonusa i beneficija, koju zaposleni ostvaruju po osnovu doprinosa i rada u određenoj organizaciji. S obzirom na važnost koju učinkovita strategija materijalnog nagrađivanja imau ostvarenju poslovnog uspjeha organizacije, cilj ovog rada je da objasni prirodu platne strukture i da pregled osnovnih oblika materijalnih nagrada.
Quantum state preparation and its prospects in quantum machine learning
Authors: Zhao Jian , Chen Zhao-Yun , Zhuang Xi-Ning , Xue Cheng , Wu Yu-Chun , Guo Guo-Ping ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China,   Origin Quantum Computing Company Limited, Hefei 230026, China
Published: July 2021

The development of traditional classic computers relies on the transistor structure of microchips, which develops in accordance with Moore's Law. In the future, as the distance between transistors approaches to the physical limit of manufacturing process, the development of computation capability of classical computers will encounter a bottleneck. On the other hand, with the development of machine learning, the demand for computation capability of computer is growing rapidly, and the contradiction between computation capability and demand for computers is becoming increasingly prominent. As a new computing model, quantum computing is significantly faster than classical computing for some specific problems, so, sufficient computation capability for machine learning is expected. When using quantum computing to deal with machine learning tasks, the first basic problem is how to represent the classical data effectively in the quantum system. This problem is called the state preparation problem. In this paper, the relevant researches of state preparation are reviewed, various state preparation schemes proposed at present are introduced, the processes of realizing these schemes are described, and the complexities of these schemes are summarized and analyzed. Finally, some prospects of the research work in the direction of state preparation are also presented.
Dendritic osmosensors modulate activity-induced calcium influx in oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons of the mouse PVN
Authors: Sheng Wanhui , Harden Scott W , Tan Yalun , Krause Eric G , Frazier Charles J
Published: July 2021

Hypothalamic oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons have a fascinating ability to release peptide from both their axon terminals and from their dendrites. Existing data indicates that the relationship between somatic activity and dendritic release is not constant, but the mechanisms through which this relationship can be modulated are not completely understood. Here, we use a combination of electrical and optical recording techniques to quantify activity-induced calcium influx in proximal vs. distal dendrites of oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons located in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (OT-MCNs). Results reveal that the dendrites of OT-MCNs are weak conductors of somatic voltage changes; however, activity-induced dendritic calcium influx can be robustly regulated by both osmosensitive and non-osmosensitive ion channels located along the dendritic membrane. Overall, this study reveals that dendritic conductivity is a dynamic and endogenously regulated feature of OT-MCNs that is likely to have substantial functional impact on central oxytocin release.
Targeting an anchored phosphatase-deacetylase unit restores renal ciliary homeostasis
Authors: Gopalan Janani , Omar Mitchell H , Roy Ankita , Cruz Nelly M , Falcone Jerome , Jones Kiana N , Forbush Katherine A , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Freedman Benjamin S , Scott John D
Published: July 2021

Pathophysiological defects in water homeostasis can lead to renal failure. Likewise, common genetic disorders associated with abnormal cytoskeletal dynamics in the kidney collecting ducts and perturbed calcium and cAMP signaling in the ciliary compartment contribute to chronic kidney failure. We show that collecting ducts in mice lacking the A-Kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 exhibit enhanced development of primary cilia. Mechanistic studies reveal that AKAP220-associated protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) mediates this phenotype by promoting changes in the stability of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) with concomitant defects in actin dynamics. This proceeds through a previously unrecognized adaptor function for PP1 as all ciliogenesis and cytoskeletal phenotypes are recapitulated in mIMCD3 knock-in cells expressing a phosphatase-targeting defective AKAP220-ΔPP1 mutant. Pharmacological blocking of local HDAC6 activity alters cilia development and reduces cystogenesis in kidney-on-chip and organoid models. These findings identify the AKAP220-PPI-HDAC6 pathway as a key effector in primary cilia development.
An octopamine receptor confers selective toxicity of amitraz on honeybees and Varroa mites
Authors: Guo Lei , Fan Xin-yu , Qiao Xiaomu , Montell Craig , Huang Jia
Published: July 2021

The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating parasite of Apis mellifera honeybees. They can cause colonies to collapse by spreading viruses and feeding on the fat reserves of adults and larvae. Amitraz is used to control mites due to its low toxicity to bees; however, the mechanism of bee resistance to amitraz remains unknown. In this study, we found that amitraz and its major metabolite potently activated all four mite octopamine receptors. Behavioral assays using Drosophila null mutants of octopamine receptors identified one receptor subtype Octβ2R as the sole target of amitraz in vivo. We found that thermogenetic activation of octβ2R-expressing neurons mimics amitraz poisoning symptoms in target pests. We next confirmed that the mite Octβ2R was more sensitive to amitraz and its metabolite than the bee Octβ2R in pharmacological assays and transgenic flies. Furthermore, replacement of three bee-specific residues with the counterparts in the mite receptor increased amitraz sensitivity of the bee Octβ2R, indicating that the relative insensitivity of their receptor is the major mechanism for honeybees to resist amitraz. The present findings have important implications for resistance management and the design of safer insecticides that selectively target pests while maintaining low toxicity to non-target pollinators.
Genetic hypervariability of a Northeastern Atlantic venomous rockfish
Authors: Francisco Sara M. , Castilho Rita , Lima Cristina S. , Almada Frederico , Rodrigues Francisca , Šanda Radek , Vukić Jasna , Pappalardo Anna Maria , Ferrito Venera , Robalo Joana I.
Published: July 2021

Background

Understanding the interplay between climate and current and historical factors shaping genetic diversity is pivotal to infer changes in marine species range and communities’ composition. A phylogeographical break between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean has been documented for several marine organisms, translating into limited dispersal between the two basins.

Methods

In this study, we screened the intraspecific diversity of 150 individuals of the Madeira rockfish (Scorpaena maderensis) across its distributional range (seven sampling locations in the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins) using the mitochondrial control region and the nuclear S7 first intron.

Results

The present work is the most comprehensive study done for this species, yielding no genetic structure across sampled locations and no detectable Atlantic-Mediterranean break in connectivity. Our results reveal deep and hyper-diverse bush-like genealogies with large numbers of singletons and very few shared haplotypes. The genetic hyper-diversity found for the Madeira rockfish is relatively uncommon in rocky coastal species, whose dispersal capability is limited by local oceanographic patterns. The effect of climate warming on the distribution of the species is discussed.
Seasonal variation in the diel activity of a dung beetle assemblage
Authors: Lobo Jorge M. , Cuesta Eva
Published: July 2021

The seasonal and diel variations of dung beetle species were studied in an Iberian mid-mountain locality to examine the interaction between these two temporal rhythms. We assume that a seasonal variation in the diel activity would support the notion that both rhythms may assist in achieving a quick and flexible response when the climatic conditions change. Data coming from 4,104 pitfall traps placed during 15 sampling periods and totalling 30 daily sampling cycles were analysed using circular statistics and General Linear Models. A wide variety of seasonal patterns are observed, highlighting those species with a clear unimodal or spring-autumn bimodal seasonal pattern. However, a midday diel pattern is the norm in most of the species, except in the case of those exhibiting a high body weight that prefer dusk or night periods. We hypothesize that most of the dung beetle species fly at noon to promote the passive heating of their muscle activity and minimize the metabolic energy expenditure. Results only partially support the seasonal variation in diel activity. Diel preferences are mainly manifested at the time of the year in which the abundance is greater. Approximately two-thirds of the considered species exhibit a similar diel activity along their seasonal active period. As consequence, a significant portion of the dung beetle species currently inhabiting Mediterranean mid-mountains are not able to use the daily variation in climatic conditions to limit the inconveniences of climate change.
Opportunistic sightings of blue whales off Sydney, Australia
Authors: Pirotta Vanessa , Harcourt Robert
Published: July 2021

Two subspecies of blue whale occur in Australian waters, (1) the pygmy blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) and (2) the Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia). Understanding blue whale presence in Australian waters is critical to ensuring Australia’s protection of these marine mammals as both subspecies were heavily exploited during historical whaling. This short note documents pygmy blue whale sightings in New South Wales waters over the last 18 years. Observations were opportunistically made via citizen science and verified by scientists. Sightings in this note contribute to our limited knowledge of pygmy blue whale distribution along the east coast of Australia and may help understand the migratory movements of New Zealand pygmy blue whales off Australia and in the Tasman Sea. Overall, information presented in this note contributes to Australia’s national and international conservation efforts to protecting blue whales as a migratory and threatened species.
Design of a Community-Based Anaerobic Digester for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Ile-Oluji Ondo State Nigeria
Authors: Areola R. I. , Ipindola O. O.
Published: July 2021

Aim: A Community-Based Anaerobic Digester was designed in this study for sustainable solid waste management in Ile-Oluji, Ondo state Nigeria.

Methodology: Waste samples were collected from selected households for a period of one month and the components and percentage composition were determined. Afterwards, the physico-chemical characteristics of the substrate was investigated and the result used to design a community-based anaerobic digester.

Results: The quantity, components and characteristics of waste generated was determined. The rate of waste generation was found to be 0.2kg/capita/day while the organic fraction of the total waste generated was found to be 55.7%. Physico-chemical characterization of the substrate was also investigated.  The pH was found to be 6.36 ± 0.18, while the alkalinity 692.81 ± 78.62.  The moisture content was found to be in the range of 71.20 ± 4.63%. Total solid was in the range 38.91 ± 5.25 while volatile solid was found to be 26.44 ± 2.83. carbon oxygen demand was found to be 834.33 ± 12.61, total phosphorus was in the range 4.20 ± 0.33. The Carbon on a dry weight basis was found to be in the range 60.41 ± 2.38, while nitrogen was found to be 4.79 ± 1.03. The C/N ration was found to be 21.61. The biogas yield ranged from 0 – 320 cm3 and 0 – 380cm3 per litre of substrate for biodegradable-only samples and biodegradable-cow dung samples respectively, for a forty days period of retention. The cylindrical dome type biogas digester was chosen for this study because of its simplicity in design and maintenance coupled with lower set up cost. The optimum volume of hydraulic chamber and gas storage chamber were designed to be the same as 850m3. Volume of fermentation chamber and sludge layer were calculated to be 2014m3 and 246m3 respectively, while the height and diameter of the fermentation chamber were 7m and 17m respectively.

Conclusion: Anaerobic digestion of the biodegradable fraction of solid waste is a viable alternative that government and non-government organizations can key into for the improvement of public health especially in developing countries. The standardization of digester design parameters may pose challenges because of varying climatic conditions and complex socio-economic factors across different geographical contexts. Solutions may have to be adapted and localized to achieve a sustainable world.
Technical Note: Volumetric computed tomography for radiotherapy simulation and treatment planning
Authors: Young Heather M. , Park Claire Keun Sun , Chau Oi‐Wai , Lee Ting‐Yim , Gaede Stewart
Published: July 2021

Purpose

For lung and liver tumors requiring radiotherapy, motion artifacts are common in 4D‐CT images due to the small axial field‐of‐view (aFOV) of conventional CT scanners. This may negatively impact contouring and dose calculation accuracy and could lead to a geographic miss during treatment. Recent advancements in volumetric CT (vCT) enable an aFOV up to 160 mm in a single rotation, which may reduce motion artifacts. However, the impact of large aFOV on CT number required for dose calculation needs to be evaluated before clinical implementation. The objective of this study was to determine the utility of a 256‐slice vCT scanner for 4D‐CT simulation by evaluating image quality and generating relative electron density (RED) curves.

Methods

Images were acquired on a 256‐slice GE Revolution CT scanner with 40 mm, 80 mm, 120 mm, 140 mm, and 160 mm aFOV. Image quality was assessed by evaluating CT number linearity, uniformity, noise, and low‐contrast resolution. The relationship between each quality metric and aFOV was assessed.

Results

CT number linearity, uniformity, noise, and low‐contrast resolution were within the expected range for each image set, except CT number in Teflon and Delrin, which were underestimated. Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) showed that the CT number for Teflon (ρ = 1.0, p = 0.02), Delrin (ρ = 1.0, p = 0.02), and air (ρ = 1.0, p = 0.02) was significantly related to aFOV, while all other measurements were not. The measured deviations from expected values were not clinically significant.

Conclusion

These results suggest that vCT can be used for CT simulation for radiation treatment planning.