bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intratumoral Microbiome of Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas and Comparison with other Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Karpinets Tatiana V. , Mitani Yoshitsugu , Chang Chia-Chi , Wu Xiaogang , Song Xingzhi , Flores Ivonne I , McDaniel Lauren K , Hoballah Yasmine M , Veguilla Fabiana J , Ferrarotto Renata , Colbert Lauren E , Ajami Nadim J , Jenq Robert R , Zhang Jianhua , Futreal Andrew P , El-Naggar Adel K.
Published: January 2024

Background

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, slow growing yet aggressive head and neck malignancy. Despite its clinical significance, our understanding of the cellular evolution and microenvironment in ACC remains limited.

Methods

We investigated the intratumoral microbiome of 50 ACC tumors and 33 adjacent normal tissues using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This allowed us to characterize the bacterial communities within ACC and explore potential associations between the bacterial community structure, patient’s clinical characteristics, and tumor molecular features obtained through RNA sequencing.

Results

Bacterial composition in ACC displayed significant differences compared to adjacent normal salivary tissue and exhibited diverse levels of species richness. We identified two main microbial subtypes within ACC: oral-like and gut-like. Oral-like microbiomes, characterized by higher diversity and abundance of genera likeNeisseria, Leptotrichia, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Rothia, andVeillonella(commonly found in healthy oral cavities), were associated with the less aggressive ACC-II molecular subtype and improved patient outcomes. Notably, we identified the same oral genera in oral cancer and in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. In both cancers, they were part of shared oral communities associated with more diverse microbiome, less aggressive tumor phenotype, and better survival. Conversely, gut-like microbiomes in ACC, featuring low diversity and colonization by gut mucus layer-degrading species likeBacteroides, Akkermansia, Blautia, Bifidobacterium, andEnterococcus, were associated with poorer outcomes. Elevated levels ofBacteroides thetaiotaomicronwere independently associated with significantly worse survival, regardless of other clinical and molecular factors. Furthermore, this association positively correlated with tumor cell biosynthesis of glycan-based cell membrane components.

Conclusions

Our study uncovers specific intratumoral oral genera as potential pan-cancer biomarkers for favorable microbiomes in ACC and other head and neck cancers. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the intratumoral microbiome in influencing ACC prognosis and disease biology.
χc1(4274)
multiplicity in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Abreu L. M. , Britto A. L. M. , Navarra F. S. , Vieira H. P. L.
Published: January 2024

In a previous work we computed the thermally averaged cross sections for the production and absorption reactions of the χc1(4274) state in the hot hadron gas formed in heavy-ion collisions. In the present work we estimate the final yield of the χc1(4274) state in these collisions. We use the coalescence model to fix the initial multiplicity of the χc1(4274), which is treated as a P-wave bound state of DsD¯s0 and also as a compact tetraquark. The Bjorken picture is used to model the hydrodynamic expansion and cooling. We also consider the Hubble cooling, which is faster and mimics the effect of the transverse expansion. Then, the kinetic equation is solved to evaluate the time evolution of the χc1(4274) yield during the hot hadron gas phase. Since the χc1(4274) decay width is large it might decay inside the hadron gas. Therefore, we also include the χc1(4274) decay and regeneration terms by means of an effective coupling, estimated from the available data. The combined effects of hadronic interactions and the χc1(4274) decay have a strong impact on the final yield. Also, predictions of the χc1(4274) multiplicity as a function of centrality and of the charged hadron multiplicity measured at midrapidity [dNch/dη(η<0.5)] are presented. Finally, we calculate the yield of a proposed P-wave molecular state of DsD¯s0, Y′(4274), characterized by a smaller width and smaller coupling constant obtained from the Weinberg compositeness condition.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Scattering amplitudes of massive spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states with matter
Authors: Chivukula R. Sekhar , Gill Joshua A. , Mohan Kirtimaan A. , Sengupta Dipan , Simmons Elizabeth H. , Wang Xing
Published: January 2024

We perform a comprehensive analysis of the scattering of matter and gravitational Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes in five-dimensional gravity theories. We consider matter localized on a brane as well as in the bulk of the extra dimension for scalars, fermions and vectors respectively, and consider an arbitrary warped background. While naive power counting suggests that there are amplitudes which grow as fast as O(s3) [where s is the center-of-mass scattering energy squared], we demonstrate that cancellations between the various contributions result in a total amplitude which grows no faster than O(s). Extending previous work on the self-interactions of the gravitational KK modes, we show that these cancellations occur due to sum-rule relations between the couplings and the masses of the modes that can be proven from the properties of the mode equations describing the gravity and matter wave functions. We demonstrate that these properties are tied to the underlying diffeomorphism invariance of the five-dimensional theory. We discuss how our results generalize when the size of the extra dimension is stabilized via the Goldberger-Wise mechanism. Our conclusions are of particular relevance for freeze-out and freeze-in relic abundance calculations for dark matter models including a spin-2 portal arising from an underlying five-dimensional theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Heavy Higgs boson searches at the LHC in light of a left-right symmetric model
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sanchari
Published: January 2024

We investigate a left-right symmetric model respecting SU(3)C⊗SU(2)L⊗U(1)L⊗SU(2)R⊗U(1)R local gauge symmetry. We study the interactions of the heavy neutral and charged scalars of this model along with their production at the hadron collider and their subsequent decays. We analyze the collider searches of two heavy scalars, one of them is charge neutral and another one is singly charged. In both the cases we consider their associated production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and finally concentrate only on the leptonic final states. We perform both cut-based and multivariate analysis using the boosted decision tree algorithm for 14 TeV as well as 27 TeV LHC run with 3000  fb−1 integrated luminosity. As expected, the multivariate analysis shows a better signal-background discrimination compared to the cut-based analysis. In this article, we show that a charged Higgs of mass 750 GeV and 1.2 TeV can be probed with 2.77σ (4.58σ) and 1.38σ (3.66σ) significance at 14 (27) TeV run of LHC.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Autothermotaxis of volatile drops
Authors: Kant Pallav , Souzy Mathieu , Kim Nayoung , van der Meer Devaraj , Lohse Detlef
Published: January 2024

When a drop of a volatile liquid is deposited on a uniformly heated wettable, thermally conducting substrate, one expects to see it spread into a thin film and evaporate. Contrary to this intuition, due to thermal Marangoni contraction, the deposited drop contracts into a spherical-cap-shaped puddle, with a finite apparent contact angle. Strikingly, this contracted droplet, above a threshold temperature, well below the boiling point of the liquid, starts to spontaneously move on the substrate in an apparently erratic way. We describe and quantify this self-propulsion of the volatile drop. It arises due to spontaneous symmetry breaking of thermal Marangoni convection, which is induced by the nonuniform evaporation of the droplet. Using infrared imaging, we reveal the characteristic interfacial flow patterns associated with Marangoni convection in the evaporating drop. A scaling relation describes the correlation between the moving velocity of the drop and the apparent contact angle, both of which increase with the substrate temperature.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Generation of subcycle isolated attosecond pulses by pumping ionizing gating
Authors: Wu Zhaohui , Zeng Xiaoming , Li Zhaoli , Zhang Zhimeng , Wang Xiaodong , Wang Xiao , Mu Jie , Zuo Yanlei , Su Jingqin , Peng Hao , Cao Huabao , Fu Yuxi , Riconda C. , Weber S.
Published: January 2024

We present an interesting approach named as pumping ionizing gating (PIG) for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs). In this regime, a short laser is used to ionize a preexisting gas grating, creating a fast-extending plasma grating (FEPG) having an ionization front propagating with the velocity of light. A low-intensity long counterpropagating pump pulse is then reflected by a very narrow region of the ionization front, only where the Bragg conditions for resonant reflection is satisfied. Consequently, the pump reflection is confined within a subcycle region called PIG, and forms a wide-band coherent IAP in combination with the frequency up-conversion effect due to the plasma gradient. This approach results in a new scheme to generate IAPs from long picosecond pump pulses. Three-dimensional (3D) simulations show that a 1.6 ps, 1 µm pump pulse can be used to generate a 330 as laser pulse with a peak intensity approximately 33 times that of the pump and a conversion efficiency of around 0.1%. These results highlight the potential of the PIG method for generating IAPs with high conversion efficiency and peak intensity.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements assigned with biased weights
Authors: Huang Shan , Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing , Wu Shengjun
Published: January 2024

The entropic way of formulating Heisenberg's uncertainty principle not only plays a fundamental role in applications of quantum information theory but also is essential for manifesting genuine nonclassical features of quantum systems. In this paper we investigate Rényi entropic uncertainty relations (EURs) in the scenario where measurements on individual copies of a quantum system are selected with nonuniform probabilities. In contrast with EURs that characterize an observer's overall lack of information about outcomes with respect to a collection of measurements, we establish state-dependent lower bounds on the weighted sum of entropies over multiple measurements. Conventional EURs thus correspond to the special cases when all weights are equal, and in such cases we show our results are generally stronger than previous ones. Moreover, taking the entropic steering criterion as an example, we numerically verify that our EURs could be advantageous in practical quantum tasks by optimizing the weights assigned to different measurements. Importantly, this optimization does not require quantum resources and is efficiently computable on classical computers.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Entanglement Phase Transition Due to Reciprocity Breaking without Measurement or Postselection
Authors: Lee Gideon , Jin Tony , Wang Yu-Xin , McDonald Alexander , Clerk Aashish
Published: January 2024

Despite its fully unitary dynamics, the bosonic Kitaev chain (BKC) displays key hallmarks of non-Hermitian physics, including nonreciprocal transport and the non-Hermitian skin effect. Here, we demonstrate another remarkable phenomena: the existence of an entanglement phase transition (EPT) in a variant of the BKC that occurs as a function of a Hamiltonian parameter g and which coincides with a transition from a reciprocal to a nonreciprocal phase. As g is reduced below a critical value, the postquench entanglement entropy of a subsystem of size l goes from a volume-law phase, where it scales as l, to a -law phase, where it scales like lN, where

N

is the total system size. This EPT occurs for a system undergoing purely unitary evolution and does not involve measurements, postselection, disorder, or dissipation. We derive analytically the entanglement entropy out of and at the critical point for the cases of l=1 and l/N≪1.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, crystal voids, interaction energy calculations and energy frameworks and DFT calculations of ethyl 2-cyano-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate
Authors: Ait Elmachkouri Younesse , Irrou Ezaddine , El Monfalouti Hanae , Mazzah Ahmed , Hökelek Tuncer , Mague Joel T. , Taha Mohamed Labd , Sebbar Nada Kheira
Published: January 2024

The title compound, C16H17N3O3, is racemic as it crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group (P\overline{1}), although the trans disposition of substituents about the central C—C bond is established. The five- and six-membered rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 75.88 (8)°. In the crystal, N—H...N hydrogen bonds form chains of molecules extending along the c-axis direction that are connected by inversion-related pairs of O—H...N into ribbons. The ribbons are linked by C—H...π(ring) interactions, forming layers parallel to the ab plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H...H (45.9%), H...N/N...H (23.3%), H...C/C...H (16.2%) and H...O/O...H (12.3%) interactions. Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions are the dominant interactions in the crystal packing. The volume of the crystal voids and the percentage of free space were calculated to be 100.94 Å3 and 13.20%, showing that there is no large cavity in the crystal packing. Evaluation of the electrostatic, dispersion and total energy frameworks indicates that the stabilization is dominated by the electrostatic energy contributions in the title compound. Moreover, the DFT-optimized structure at the B3LYP/6–311 G(d,p) level is compared with the experimentally determined molecular structure in the solid state. The HOMO–LUMO behaviour was elucidated to determine the energy gap.
Social media impact on international sports events related to the brand Spain: a comparison between inner versus outside events
Authors: Küster Boluda Inés , Vila-Lopez Natalia , Mora Elisabet , Casanoves-Boix Javier
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study analyzes the impact of sports social media on a country regarding three international events connected to the brand Spain. It examines (1) the use and importance of various social media platforms in sports events and (2) identifies the countries generating the most social media content.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 1,711,084 posts were collected for analysis, focusing on FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, XLI Marathon Valencia Trinidad Alfonso 2022 and Davis Cup 2022, with a particular emphasis on the Spain brand. Through Atribus, diverse social media data were recovered and analyzed. Later, we recommended employing various metrics and ANOVAs to address the research questions. Additionally, we conducted a sentiment analysis.

Findings

The results show differences between (1) the use and relevance of social network platforms and events and (2) the content generated by different countries. The practical implications offer valuable insights for sports event organizers, destination managers and other stakeholders. The research implications suggest potential avenues for future research based on the observed patterns and behaviors in social media posts related to sports events and Brand Spain.

Originality/value

(1) Some papers have studied the role of sports events’ social media, ignoring the comparison among different social media platforms; (2) usually, previous literature has focused on a single event or sport and (3) although there is considerable research related to the strategic and operational Inés Küster Boluda Inés Küster Boluda role of social media, there is less systematic analysis related to the extent sports events use social media in general and in specific social media platforms and virtually nonexistent studies that employ index measurements.
A qualitative evaluation of the questionnaire about the process of recovery (QPR) in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations
Authors: Kakuma Ritsuko , Cajethan Onah Uchenna , Shawyer Frances , Edan Vrinda , Wilson-Evered Elisabeth , Meadows Graham , Brophy Lisa
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Mental health recovery across cultures lacks understanding and suitable measures. The Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR) is a self-report instrument measuring personal recovery outcomes for consumers of mental health services. However, the extent of its relevance among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities is unclear. This pilot study aimed to examine the relevance and utility of the QPR among CALD consumers of primary mental health services in Australia.

Design/methodology/approach

Eleven individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with two general practitioners (GPs) and nine consumers from two clinics, at locations with high Iranian and Burmese refugee or asylum seeker populations. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic framework approach.

Findings

Although almost all consumers had little or no understanding of the concept of personal recovery, they found the QPR culturally acceptable and understandable. Using the QPR during mental health consultations can help with needs identification and goal setting. Challenges in using the QPR included completion time, cross-cultural differences in concepts and norms for some items, and need for careful translation. Consumers suggested additional items regarding family reputation, sexuality, and spirituality.

Originality/value

The QPR is potentially a valuable tool to support mental health consultations with CALD consumers, from the perspectives of both GPs and consumers.
Revisiting perceived gratification, consumer attitudes and purchase impulses in cross-border e-commerce live streaming: a direct and indirect effects model
Authors: Liu Renming , Abdul Hamid Abu Bakar , Ya'akub Noor Inayah
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Cross-border e-commerce live streaming morphs into an epidemic shopping scenario, yet there is a paucity of research on impulse purchasing in this context. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the adoption motivation of cross-border e-commerce live streaming and its influence mechanism on intrinsic response and purchase impulse and to highlight the mediating role of browsing behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the use and gratification lens, a new conceptualization model is established to captivate the theoretical relationships between perceived stimuli, individual attitudes, browsing behavior and impulsive purchases. A questionnaire survey was used to collect cross-sectional data from 427 Malaysian consumers and the estimated framework was validated through AMOS-structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

The findings confirm that perceived interactivity, perceived information usefulness and perceived enjoyment significantly influenced positive attitudes toward live-streaming, which in turn induced impulsive purchases; however, perceived affective gratification did not stimulate positive attitudes. Consumers’ utilitarian browsing had a stronger effect on impulse purchases than hedonic browsing and utilitarian browsing behavior mediated the relationship between positive attitudes and impulse buying; however, hedonic browsing had neither a direct nor a mediating effect on impulsive purchases.

Practical implications

This research enhances the literature on the impact of cross-border e-commerce live streaming, an emerging technology, on consumer behavior and offers managerial implications for e-commerce practitioners to gain insights into consumer impulse purchasing behavior.

Originality/value

The findings revamp conventional knowledge and provide new angles for understanding the formation mechanisms of impulse purchases, motivations for virtual media use and browsing behavior mediating effects in the context of live streaming.
Whey protein and male acne: A double‐blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sompochpruetikul Kittithorn , Khongcharoensombat Thanon , Chongpison Yuda , Rittirongwattana Wattanai , Asawanonda Pravit , Noppakun Nopadon , Kumtornrut Chanat
Published: January 2024

Background

Acne vulgaris (AV) exacerbation after whey protein (WP) consumption remains inconclusive among experts.

Objectives

To investigate the association between WP consumption and acne severity in men with acne.

Methods

A noninferiority trial was conducted in men with mild to moderate facial and/or truncal acne. After randomization, participants in an intervention group took daily WP 30 g with a non‐WP nutritional supplement 18 g (WP group, n = 25), while the control group took a non‐WP nutritional supplement 46 g (non‐WP group, n = 24). At each follow‐up appointment, investigators evaluated acne count (total acne lesions, comedonal lesions, and inflammatory lesions) and severity.

Results

Forty‐nine participants had a mean age of 19.7 years (standard deviation [SD], 0.9) and 20.3 years (SD, 1.4) in the WP and non‐WP groups, respectively. The mean differences in the facial and truncal total acne lesions for the WP and non‐WP group were −5.99 (95% confidence interval [CI], −13.18 to 1.19, p = 0.09) and −2.18 (95% CI, −11.83 to 7.48, p = 0.65), respectively. For severity changes, only one (4.3%) participant in the non‐WP group reported an increase in the Investigator Global Assessment scale of at least two levels.

Conclusions

In this 6‐month trial, men with acne who undertook WP supplementation showed a noninferior difference in the changes in total acne lesions and severity of facial and truncal acne compared with the non‐WP group.
Effectiveness of ixekizumab for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis with involvement of difficult‐to‐treat areas: A 52‐week multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Valenti Mario , Gargiulo Luigi , Ibba Luciano , Cortese Andrea , Toso Francesco , Orsini Diego , Lora Viviana , Frascione Pasquale , Sena Paolo , Carugno Andrea , Assorgi Chiara , Costanzo Antonio , Narcisi Alessandra
Published: January 2024

Biological drugs have dramatically changed the approach to treating moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, achieving excellent skin clearance and safety outcomes. However, the management of difficult‐to‐treat areas (e.g., scalp, palms/soles, nails, and genitalia) still represents a challenge in psoriasis treatment. Data in the literature on difficult‐to‐treat sites are limited and, frequently, no specific analysis is performed during clinical trials. We conducted a 52‐week, retrospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of ixekizumab in 120 patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis of at least one difficult‐to‐treat area (scalp, palmoplantar surfaces, nails, and genitalia). Ninety‐nine patients had scalp psoriasis, 35 had involvement of the palms or soles, 27 were affected by genital psoriasis, and 22 patients reported involvement of the nails. After 1 year of treatment, 96% of patients with scalp involvement, 95.6% of patients with palmoplantar psoriasis, 95.2% of patients with genital psoriasis, and 85% of patients with nail involvement achieved a site‐specific Physician's Global Assessment of 0 or 1 (clear or almost clear). No serious adverse events were observed during the study. Our study supports the effectiveness of ixekizumab in plaque psoriasis involving difficult‐to‐treat sites.
Cutaneous malignancies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zilberg Catherine , Ferguson Angela L. , Lyons James G. , Gupta Ruta , Fuller Stephen J. , Damian Diona L.
Published: January 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoid malignancy that is associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous malignancies. Clinical outcomes for these malignancies, including melanoma and keratinocyte cancers (KC), are worse for patients with CLL. Individuals with CLL develop an immunodeficiency of both the adaptive and innate immune system, which plays a role in the increased prevalence of skin cancers. This review focuses on the complex interplay between genetics, immunity, and pathogens that influence the cellular composition and biology of skin tumors and their microenvironment in CLL patients, and in comparison with other chronic hematological malignancies. It is paramount for dermatologists to be aware of the association between CLL (and chronic hematological malignancies more broadly) and cutaneous malignancies. This is a high‐risk population who require regular and vigorous dermatologic follow‐up.
Achieving equity: patient demographics and outcomes after surgical and non‐surgical procedures in South Australia, 2022
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Gupta Aashray K. , Bacchi Stephen , Stretton Brandon , O’Callaghan Patrick G. , Murphy Elizabeth , Hugh Thomas J. , Padbury Robert T. , Trochsler Markus I. , Maddern Guy J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Although modern Australian healthcare systems provide patient‐centred care, the ability to predict and prevent suboptimal post‐procedural outcomes based on patient demographics at admission may improve health equity. This study aimed to identify patient demographic characteristics that might predict disparities in mortality, readmission, and discharge outcomes after either an operative or non‐operative procedural hospital admission.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all surgical and non‐surgical procedural admissions at three of the four major metropolitan public hospitals in South Australia in 2022. Multivariable logistic regression, with backwards selection, evaluated association between patient demographic characteristics and outcomes up to 90 days post‐procedurally.

Results

40 882 admissions were included. Increased likelihood of all‐cause, post‐procedure mortality in‐hospital, at 30 days, and 90 days, were significantly associated with increased age (P < 0.001), increased comorbidity burden (P < 0.001), an emergency admission (P < 0.001), and male sex (P = 0.046, P = 0.03, P < 0.001, respectively). Identification as ATSI (P < 0.001) and being born in Australia (P = 0.03, P = 0.001, respectively) were associated with an increased likelihood of 30‐day hospital readmission and decreased likelihood of discharge directly home, as was increased comorbidity burden (P < 0.001) and emergency admission (P < 0.001). Being married (P < 0.001) and male sex (P = 0.003) were predictive of an increased likelihood of discharging directly home; in contrast to increased age (P < 0.001) which was predictive of decreased likelihood of this occurring.

Conclusions

This study characterized several associations between patient demographic factors present on admission and outcomes after surgical and non‐surgical procedures, that can be integrated within patient flow pathways through the Australian healthcare system to improve healthcare equity.
The impact of COVID‐19 on general surgical trainees' surgical exposure in Australia
Authors: Louise Nikolic Amanda , Tiang Thomas , Kuzminov Alexandr , Fernando Diharah , Phillips Samantha , Camille Behrenbruch Corina , Johnston Michael
Published: January 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted the provision of surgical services in Australia. To prepare for a surge of COVID‐19 patients, elective surgery was mandatorily reduced or ceased at multiple timepoints in Australian states between 2020 and 2022. Operative exposure is a critical component of surgical training in general surgery, and readiness for practice is an ongoing priority. However, the impact of COVID‐19 on operative exposure in Australian General Surgical Trainees (AGST) has not been quantified.

Methods

This study was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using de‐identified operative logbook data for Australian General surgical Trainees (AGST) from the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS) Morbidity and Audit Logbook Tool (MALT) system between February 2019 and July 2021. Bivariate analysis was used to determine the impact of COVID‐19 on general surgical trainees' exposure to operative surgery and trainees' operative autonomy.

Results

Data from 1896 unique 6‐month training terms and 543 285 surgical cases was included over the data collection period. There was no statistically significant impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on AGST operative exposure to major, minor operations, endoscopies, or operative autonomy.

Conclusions

The impact of COVID‐19 on surgical trainees globally has been significant. Although this study does not assess all aspects of surgical training, this data demonstrates that there has not been a significant impact of the pandemic on operative exposure or autonomy of AGST.
Likelihood of primary cesarean section following induction of labor in singleton cephalic pregnancies at term, compared with expectant management: An Australian population‐based, historical cohort study
Authors: Hu Yanan , Homer Caroline S. E. , Ellwood David , Slavin Valerie , Vogel Joshua P. , Enticott Joanne , Callander Emily J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

There has been increased use of both induction of labor (IOL) and cesarean section for women with term pregnancies in many high‐income countries, and a trend toward birth at earlier gestational ages. Existing evidence regarding the association between IOL and cesarean section for term pregnancies is mixed and conflicting, and little evidence is available on the differential effect at each week of gestation, stratified by parity.

Material and methods

To explore the association between IOL and primary cesarean section for singleton cephalic pregnancies at term, compared with two definitions of expectant management (first: at or beyond the week of gestation at birth following IOL; and secondary: only beyond the week of gestation at birth following IOL), we performed analyses of population‐based historical cohort data on women who gave birth in one Australian state (Queensland), between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2018. Women who gave birth before 37+0 or after 41+6 weeks of gestation, had stillbirths, no‐labor, multiple births (twins or triplets), non‐cephalic presentation at birth, a previous cesarean section, or missing data on included variables were excluded. Four sub‐datasets were created for each week at birth (37–40). Unadjusted relative risk, adjusted relative risk using modified Poisson regression, and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated in each sub‐dataset. Analyses were stratified by parity (nulliparas vs. parous women with a previous vaginal birth). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by limiting to women with low‐risk pregnancies.

Results

A total of 239 094 women were included in the analysis, 36.7% of whom gave birth following IOL. The likelihood of primary cesarean section following IOL in a Queensland population‐based cohort was significantly higher at 38 and 39 weeks, compared with expectant management up to 41+6 weeks, for both nulliparas and paras with singleton cephalic pregnancies, regardless of risk status of pregnancy and definition of expectant management. No significant difference was found for nulliparas at 37 and 40 weeks; and for paras at 40 weeks.

Conclusions

Future studies are suggested to investigate further the association between IOL and other maternal and neonatal outcomes at each week of gestation in different maternal populations, before making any recommendation.
Why we don't eat as intended: Moderators of the short‐term intention–behaviour relation in food intake
Authors: Aulbach Matthias Burkard , van Alebeek Hannah , Jones Christopher M. , Blechert Jens
Published: January 2024

Objectives

A healthy diet is essential for preventing chronic disease and promoting overall health. Translating one's intention to eat healthy into actual behaviour has, however, proven difficult with a range of internal and contextual factors identified as driving eating behaviour.

Design

We leverage Temporal Self‐Regulation Theory to examine these momentary determinants' direct and moderating effects on the intention–behaviour relation with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA).

Methods

Eighty‐seven healthy participants (mage = 24.1 years; 59 women, 28 men) reported, 5 times daily for 10 weekdays, their intentions to stick to a self‐set dietary restriction goal for the next 3 hr, the goal congruency of their eating behaviour in the past 3 hr, and a range of factors potentially influencing food intake, such as stress, emotions and environmental eating cues.

Results

Two‐part multilevel modelling revealed that craving, availability of goal‐incongruent foods, social eating cues, giving in to other temptations and weaker momentary intentions directly increased the risk and severity of goal‐incongruent intake within the next 3 hr. Social cues, stress and craving further influence behaviour through altering intention implementation.

Conclusions

Results imply that people regularly fail to implement intentions for 3‐hr periods and that a range of factors influences this, both directly and by disrupting intentional processes. While for some barriers, fostering strong intentions throughout the day could be beneficial, others require different strategies for dietary adherence.
Collective UK nostalgia predicts a desire to leave the European Union
Authors: Loughnane Jack , Roth Jenny , van Tilburg Wijnand
Published: January 2024

Collective nostalgia is an emotion experienced when one sentimentally recalls events or things related to a particular social identity. We investigated the relationship between collective nostalgia about the United Kingdom (UK) and UK citizens' desire to leave the European Union (EU). We collected data of UK citizens twice prior to the UK's official withdrawal from the European Union (N = 347 and N = 240) and once afterwards (N = 236). Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analysis, utilizing cross‐lagged panel models, supported the hypothesis that collective UK nostalgia increased the desire to leave the European Union. We additionally hypothesized that the relationship between these variables would be mediated positively by ties to UK citizens and negatively by ties to EU citizens. Exploratory and longitudinal analysis, however, indicated that strength of ties to UK and EU citizens predicts levels of collective UK nostalgia which, in turn, predicts desire to leave the European Union. Specifically, ties to UK citizens were associated with increased collective nostalgia and a desire to leave the EU and ties to EU citizens were associated with reduced collective nostalgia and a desire to re‐join the European Union. We discuss the implications of the findings as well as making suggestions for future studies.
A global synthesis of predation on bivalves
Authors: Meira Alexandra , Byers James E. , Sousa Ronaldo
Published: January 2024

Predation is a dominant structuring force in ecological communities. In aquatic environments, predation on bivalves has long been an important focal interaction for ecological study because bivalves have central roles as ecosystem engineers, basal components of food webs, and commercial commodities. Studies of bivalves are common, not only because of bivalves' central roles, but also due to the relative ease of studying predatory effects on this taxonomic group. To understand patterns in the interactions of bivalves and their predators we synthesised data from 52 years of peer‐reviewed studies on bivalve predation. Using a systematic search, we compiled 1334 studies from 75 countries, comprising 61 bivalve families (N = 2259), dominated by Mytilidae (29% of bivalves), Veneridae (14%), Ostreidae (8%), Unionidae (7%), and Dreissenidae and Tellinidae (6% each). A total of 2036 predators were studied, with crustaceans the most studied predator group (34% of predators), followed by fishes (24%), molluscs (17%), echinoderms (10%) and birds (6%). The majority of studies (86%) were conducted in marine systems, in part driven by the high commercial value of marine bivalves. Studies in freshwater ecosystems were dominated by non‐native bivalves and non‐native predator species, which probably reflects the important role of biological invasions affecting freshwater biodiversity. In fact, while 81% of the studied marine bivalve species were native, only 50% of the freshwater species were native to the system.

In terms of approach, most studies used predation trials, visual analysis of digested contents and exclusion experiments to assess the effects of predation. These studies reflect that many factors influence bivalve predation depending on the species studied, including (i) species traits (e.g. behaviour, morphology, defence mechanisms), (ii) other biotic interactions (e.g. presence of competitors, parasites or diseases), and (iii) environmental context (e.g. temperature, current velocity, beach exposure, habitat complexity). There is a lack of research on the effects of bivalve predation at the population and community and ecosystem levels (only 7% and 0.5% of studies respectively examined impacts at these levels). At the population level, the available studies demonstrate that predation can decrease bivalve density through consumption or the reduction of recruitment. At the community and ecosystem level, predation can trigger effects that cascade through trophic levels or effects that alter the ecological functions bivalves perform. Given the conservation and commercial importance of many bivalve species, studies of predation should be pursued in the context of global change, particularly climate change, acidification and biological invasions.
Seeing awe: How children perceive awe‐inspiring visual experiences
Authors: O'bi Artemisia , Yang Fan
Published: January 2024

Awe is a profound, self‐transcendent emotion. To illuminate its origin, four preregistered studies examined how U.S. 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children perceive awe‐inspiring stimuli (N = 444, 55% female, 58% White, tested in 2020–2023). Awe‐inspiring expansive nature (Study 1) and natural disaster scenes (Study 2) evoked perceived vastness, motivation to explore, and awareness of the unknown more than everyday scenes did (d ranging 0.32–1.76). Compared to expansive social stimuli, expansive nature stimuli more positively affected children's sense of self (Study 3). Diverse awe‐inspiring scenes (vast nature, natural disasters, and slow‐motion objects) all elicited awe and higher learning motivation than everyday scenes did (Study 4). These findings suggest that children appreciate awe‐inspiring visual experiences, illuminating the origins and nature of awe as a self‐transcendent experience.
The cognitive underpinnings and early development of children's selective trust
Authors: Schmid Benjamin , Bleijlevens Natalie , Mani Nivedita , Behne Tanya
Published: January 2024

Young children learn selectively from reliable over unreliable sources. However, the cognitive underpinnings of their selectivity (attentional biases or trait ascriptions) and its early ontogeny are unclear. Thus, across three studies (N = 139, monolingual German speakers, 67 female), selective‐trust tasks were adapted to test both preschoolers (5‐year‐olds) and toddlers (24‐month‐olds), using eye‐tracking and interactive measures. These data show that preschoolers' selectivity is not based on attentional biases, but on person‐specific trait ascriptions. In contrast, toddlers showed no selective trust, even in the eye‐tracking tasks. They succeeded, however, in eye‐tracking tasks with the same word‐learning demands, if no ascriptions of reliability were required. Thus, these findings suggest that preschoolers, but not toddlers, use trait‐like ascriptions of reliability to guide their selective learning.
The space before, the space beyond: Activism, relationships and social change in the neo‐liberal academy
Authors: Davidson Emma , Wright Laura , Roesch‐Marsh Autumn
Published: January 2024

The last 20 years have seen exponential growth in participatory research methods in child and youth studies, social work, education and allied disciplines. Scholars internationally have highlighted the ways these methods can connect with other areas of scholarship including children's rights, citizenship and activism. The Binks Hub is a new initiative committed to supporting, promoting and delivering transformative, co‐creative research. The funding, monitoring and impact regimes within higher education can mean that delivering these commitments is challenging. This article uses three empirical cases involving participatory methods to reflect on these challenges and examine the connections and disconnections between participatory research and activism. The work of Sassen (2014) is employed to make spaces before and beyond method more visible. These spaces, we conclude, are critical to creating the foundations for relational participatory practice, and ensuring initiatives like the Binks Hub have long‐term meaning and value.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and food effect of sudapyridine (WX‐081), a novel anti‐tuberculosis candidate in healthy Chinese subjects
Authors: Yu Chengyin , Qian Hongjie , Wu Qingqing , Zou Yang , Ding Qicheng , Cai Yuting , Liang Liyu , Xu Juncai , Li Lei , Zan Bin , Li Yongguo , Liu Yun
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and food impact on sudapyridine (WX‐081), a novel drug designed to inhibit mycobacterium ATP synthase, with clinical applications for drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The research comprised two arms: a single ascending dose (SAD) arm (30 to 600 mg, N = 52) and a multiple ascending dose (MAD) arm (200 to 400 mg, N = 30). The influence of food was evaluated using a 400 mg dose within an SAD cohort. Plasma concentrations of WX‐081 and M3 (main metabolite of WX‐081) were analyzed using a validated liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. In the SAD arm, mean residence time (MRT0‐t), terminal half‐life, and clearance of WX‐081 ranged from 18.87 to 52.8 h, 31.39 to 236.57 h, and 6.4 to 80.34 L/h, respectively. The area under the curve from time zero to the last measurable timepoint (AUC0‐t) of WX‐081 showed dose‐proportional increases in the SAD arm. The disparity between fasted and fed states of WX‐081 was significant (p < 0.05), with fed dosing resulting in a 984.07% higher AUC0‐t and 961.55% higher maximum plasma concentration. In both the SAD and MAD arms, one case each exhibited a 1 degree atrioventricular block. No QTc elongation was observed, and adverse events were not dose‐dependent. Favorable exposure, tolerability, safety, and an extended MRT0‐t suggest that WX‐081 holds promise as a phase II development candidate for drug‐resistant TB treatment.
Typologies of alcohol and other drug‐related risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans) and queer adults
Authors: Norman Thomas , Bourne Adam , Amos Natalie , Power Jennifer , Anderson Joel , Lim Gene , Carman Marina , Meléndez‐Torres G. J.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Prevalence and patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among specific lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans) and queer (LGBTQ+) subpopulations are well established. However, patterns of substance‐related risk have been less thoroughly explored. This study aimed to determine typologies AOD risk among LGBTQ+ adults in Australia.

Method

Latent class analyses were performed to determine distinct patterns of AOD risk (n = 6835), as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Tool. Demographic characteristics, experience of harassment, assault and/or threats, mental wellbeing and LGBTQ+ connectedness were compared across emergent classes.

Results

AOD risk was characterised as ‘no risk’ (13.3% of sample), ‘low risk’ (15.1%), ‘moderate risk’ (alcohol + other drugs; 30.1%), or ‘moderate alcohol only risk’ (41.5%). The ‘moderate risk’ class was the most likely class to report recent sexual assault, verbal abuse, harassment and physical threats compared to other classes, while those in the ‘moderate alcohol only risk’ group were least likely to report these experiences of all classes. However, both the ‘moderate risk’ and ‘moderate alcohol risk only’ classes reported greater mental wellbeing and LGBTQ+ connectedness compared to the ‘no risk’ and ‘low risk’ classes.

Discussion and Conclusions

Our findings indicate that level of AOD risk is not uniform among some LGBTQ+ adults, nor is the distribution of harms experienced by them. Tailored harm‐reduction interventions may be fruitful in attenuating harms based on risk profile; most specifically, LGBTQ+ individuals engaging in moderately risky concurrent AOD use.
Myelodysplastic syndromes del(5q): Pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Bruzzese Antonella , Martino Enrica Antonia , Mendicino Francesco , Lucia Eugenio , Olivito Virginia , Capodanno Isabella , Neri Antonino , Morabito Fortunato , Vigna Ernesto , Gentile Massimo
Published: January 2024

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a heterogeneous set of acquired bone marrow neoplastic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis within one or more bone marrow lineages. Nearly half of MDS patients carry cytogenetic alterations, with del(5q) being the most prevalent. Since its first description, del(5q) was consistently correlated with a typical clinical phenotype marked by anemia, thrombocytosis, and a low risk of evolving into acute leukemia. Presently, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of myeloid neoplasms recognizes a specific subtype of MDS known as “myelodysplastic neoplasm with low blast and isolated del(5q)” identified by the sole presence of 5q deletion or in combination with one other abnormality excluding −7/del(7q). Several studies have sought to unravel the biological processes triggered by del(5q) in the development of MDS, revealing the involvement of various genes localized in specific regions of chromosome 5 referred to as common deleted regions (CDR). This intricate biological landscape makes the MDS cells with del(5q) exceptionally sensitive to lenalidomide. Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of lenalidomide in this context. Regrettably, the response to lenalidomide is not conclusive, prompting ongoing research into biological mechanisms that drive patients toward leukemia and strategies to circumvent lenalidomide resistance and disease progression.
Hume and Kant on imaginative resistance
Authors: Tuna Emine Hande
Published: January 2024

The topic of imaginative resistance attracted considerable philosophical attention in recent years. Yet, with a few exceptions, no historical investigation of the phenomenon has been carried out. This paper amends this gap in the literature by constructing a Humean and a Kantian explanation. The main contributions of this historical analysis to this debate are to make room for emotions in explanations of resistance reactions and to upset the polarization between rival accounts by suggesting that our possible responses to morally flawed works can vary. In some cases, we resist imagining counter‐evaluative claims due to our unwillingness to do so, and in others, due to our inability.