bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Without Extraocular Muscle Involvement
Authors: Anderson Richard L , Tweeten James P , Patrinely James R , Garland Paul E , Thiese Steven M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We present three atypical cases of dysthyroid optic neuropathy. The unique feature was progressive visual field loss with normal-sized or minimally enlarged extraocular muscles. Other atypical findings included optic nerves that appeared to be linearly on stretch with only moderate proptosis, good ocular motility, and only mildly reduced central visual acuity and color vision despite severe field loss. These cases responded rapidly to decompressive surgery after failing highdose corticosteroid therapy. While marked enlargement of the extraocular muscles with apical optic nerve compression has been documented to cause dysthyroid optic neuropathy, another etiology such as short optic nerves on stretch appears to be at work in these atypical cases. Although extraocular muscle enlargement is the most important diagnostic feature and indicator of the severity of Graves' ophthalmology, our atypical cases demonstrate that this sign alone is an inadequate basis for diagnosis and visual prognosis.
Results in the Management of Bacillus Endophthalmitis
Authors: Vahey Jean B , Flynn Harry W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Eighteen cases of culture-proven Bacillus endophthalmitis were reviewed. The majority (13/18) were secondary to penetrating ocular trauma. Others were secondary to corneal ulcer (1), postoperative (1), and endogenous (3). Bacillus cereus was the most commonly identified species (12/18). Antibiotic sensitivities demonstrated uniform sensitivity to vancomycin and the aminoglycosides. Visual prognosis was generally poor; only two patients maintained 20/200 or better in the affected eye. Fourteen eyes were enucleated or eviscerated. The remaining two eyes had light perception vision at the last follow-up examination.
Peripheral Light Focusing by the Anterior Eye and the Ophthalmohelioses
Authors: Coroneo M T , Müller-Stolzenburg N W , Ho A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT\

Peripheral focusing of light by the anterior eye may provide a unifying concept to explain the location and etiology of sun-related eye conditions (ophthalmohelioses). Using a bovine eye model, along with computer-assisted ray-tracing techniques to model limbal focusing, we demonstrated a correlation between the locations of the foci of scattered incident light (resulting in a 20-fold concentration of light at the limbus) and the usual locations of pterygium and cortical cataract. These findings suggest the need for improved ocular protective devices, particularly ones that provide lateral protection of the eye against the increased ultraviolet insolation resulting from thinning of the ozone layer.
The Effects of Postoperative Corticosteroids on Trabeculectomy and the Clinical Course of Glaucoma: Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Roth Shari M , Spaeth George L , Starita Richard J , Birbillis Effie M , Steinmann William C
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A randomized, prospective study on 68 eyes of 54 patients with progressive, uncontrolled, noninflammatory open-angle glaucoma showed that eyes that received topical prednisolone 1% had a lower intraocular pressure (IOP) 18 months following trabeculectomy than the eyes that received no prednisolone. The addition of systemic prednisone had no definite further effect. In the present study, we reevealuated 58 eyes of 45 of these patients 5 years after the time of initial surgery. The number of cases lost to follow up was similar in the steroid and the nonsteroid-treated groups. Mean IOP of the steroid-treated patients was 14.5 ± 1.8 mm Hg, and of the nonsteroid-treated patients, 19.3 ± 2.1 mm Hg. Visual field, optic disc, and IOP were stabilized in 94% of the steroid-treated cases and in 43% of the nonsteroid-treated cases. Thus, postoperative steroids significantly increased the success rate of trabeculectomy in these eyes, and the eyes with lower IOPs had a significantly better prognosis than those with higher IOPs.
Descemet's Membrane Detachment Treated by Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Merrick Colin
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report a case of delayed extensive central detachment of Descemet's membrane following cataract surgery, causing corneal edema and requiring treatment by penetrating keratoplasty to achieve acceptable vision.
YAG Anterior Capsulectomy and Lysis of Posterior Synechiae After Cataract Surgery
Authors: Hurvitz Lawrence M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

An anterior capsulotomy sometimes contracts enough following a small-diameter capsulorhexis to obscure vision. Nine cases are presented in which a YAG-laser anterior capsulectomy eliminated this problem with no complications.
Macular Pucker After Retinal Detachment Surgery
Authors: Uemura Akinori , Ideta Hidenao , Nagasaki Hiroshi , Morita Hiroyuki , Ito Kyutaro
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

To better understand postsurgical macular pucker in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, we reviewed a consecutive series of 277 eyes in 268 patients in whom retinal detachment had spared the macular area and in whom no preretinal membrane with distortion of the retinal vessels had been present preoperatively. Postoperatively, 17 eyes (6.1%) developed obvious macular pucker; 260 eyes (93.9%) did not. Using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test, we found that patient age, preoperative vitreous hemorrhage, large retinal breaks of more than three disc diameters, and cryoapplication were significant precipitating factors of postoperative macular pucker. These findings are consistent with the view that dispersion of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the retinal break into the vitreous cavity is the major cause of this disorder. Minimal use of cryotherapy is recommended in treating elderly patients who have a large retinal break or a preoperative vitreous hemorrhage.
Central Visual Field, Visual Acuity, and Sudden Visual Loss After Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Levene Ralph Z
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The relationship between Snellen visual acuity and central visual field loss as determined by the Humphrey 10-degree test was examined in 96 glaucomatous eyes of 79 patients. The severity of the field defect was determined by the number of affected quadrants, defined as a sensitivity loss of at least 10 decibels from normal at the most central point of 1.4-degree eccentricity. The decrease in median acuity was gradual, one-half line per quadrant for one and two affected quadrants, and an additional one and one-half line to two lines for three and four quadrants. Loss of acuity was disproportionate when both temporal quadrants were affected. The major source of error was difficulty with fixation. One type, a prolonged fixation shift, was not related to shortterm fixation losses. There was a significant correlation between acuity and foveal threshold over a wide range of both variables.

Sudden visual loss from additional optic nerve damage was studied retrospectively in 96 eyes with advanced glaucoma and a central field defect. A frequency of 3% for any loss of visual acuity and a frequency of 1% for a loss to 20/200 or worse were noted. There were no apparent predictive factors.
The Effect of Trabeculectomy on Corneal Topography
Authors: Rosen William J , Mannis Mark , Brandt James D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Trabeculectomy is increasingly being performed earlier in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Surgically-induced alterations in corneal curvature resulting from filtering surgery may have a significant impact on patients, especially younger ones, whose vision may already be compromised by visual-field loss. Using data obtained by computer-assisted topographic analysis performed preoperatively and at 12 weeks postoperatively, we longitudinally studied the corneal surface changes induced by primary trabeculectomy in eight eyes undergoing surgery for POAG or normal-tension glaucoma. Additional data collected included refraction, keratometry, axial length, intraocular pressure, and pachometry. Five of eight eyes developed 1.50 to 2.50 diopters of steepening in the 90-degree meridian. One patient developed flattening in the 180-degree meridian without vertical steepening. Two patients had little change in the central optical zone. Of the six eyes with induced with-the-rule astigmatism, keratometry was less sensitive than topographic analysis in detecting the changes induced by trabeculectomy. Our data indicate that changes in corneal curvature are induced by filtering surgery, but may be undetectable without topographic analysis.
Update on the Subconjunctival THC:YAG (Holmium) Laser Sclerostomy Ab Externo Clinical Trial: A 4-Year Report
Authors: Iwach Andrew G , Hoskins H Dunbar , Mora Justin S , Dickens Christopher J , Drake Michael V , Gaffney Michelle M , Nguyen Ngoc , Wong Patricia C , Tran Henry , Ma Albert S
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This is a follow-up report on 103 THG:YAG (holmium) sclerostomies ab externo performed on 87 eyes of 81 patients.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients received pulse energies of 0.06 to 0.13 J (mean total energy 4.4 ± 3.3 J, range 0.6 to 17.1 J).

* RESULTS: The estimated success rates with or without medication, and allowing a second procedure, were 44% at 2 years and 36% at 4 years. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 29.7 ± 11.4 mm Hg, and the mean postoperative IOP in the successful patients was 13.6 ± 4.6 mm Hg (P < .01). Hypotony and iris incarceration were the most frequent early complications.

* CONCLUSIONS: Although holmium laser sclerostomy is a relatively straightforward procedure and offers some advantages over standard trabeculectomy in select cases, it currently has a number of drawbacks that limit its use.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:823-831.]
Three-Millimeter Versus 6-mm Incisions in Combined Phacoemulsification and Trabeculectomy
Authors: Stewart William C , Sine Cheryl S , Carlson Alan N
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of phacoemulsification and combined rrabeculectomy in subjects receiving either a 3- or a 6mm scierai incision.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors evaluated consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy with a 3-mm incision. These patients were individually matched by age, diagnosis, previous surgery, and race to those having a 6-mm incision.

* RESULTS: The study found that 1 year following surgery, results were similar between the 3- and 6-mm incision groups for intraocular pressure (IOP), bleb height, bleb vascularity, number of glaucoma medicines, anterior chamber depth, visual acuity, spherical equivalent, cylinder, and axis (P > .05). No difference was observed between groups with the highest IOP within the first postoperative month (P > .05). Also, no marked differences in number of complications were noted between groups.

* CONCLUSION: This study suggests that 3- and 6mm incision phacoemulsification combined with trabeculectomy provide similar postoperative IOP control and visual acuity results.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:832-838.]
Surgical Repair of a Traumatic Iridodialysis
Authors: Kaufman Stephen C , Insler Michael S
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A novel method for the surgical repair of traumatic iridodialysis is described. This method involves the use of a double-armed suture with straight needles to re-appose the iris by means of mattress sutures. In the case report presented, good cosmetic and optical results were obtained. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:963-966.]
Conjunctival Closure in Strabismus Surgery: Vicryl Versus Fibrin Glue
Authors: Biedner B , Rosenthal G
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Six patients undergoing bilateral symmetric strabismus surgery were enrolled in this study. For each subject, incisions were closed with Vicryl in one eye and glue in the other. The conjunctival closure with the Vicryl suture resulted in increased discomfort and inflammation during the early postoperative period compared with fibrin glue. However, the difference between the Vicryl and the glue disappeared after 14 days. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:967.]
Retinal Findings and Characteristics in AIDS Patients With Systemic Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Complex and Toxoplasmic Encephalitis
Authors: Arevalo J Fernando , Quiceno José I , García Roberto F , McCutchan J Allen , Munguia David , Nelson Julie A , Freeman William R
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of retinal and choroidal manifestations of toxoplasmosis and/or Mycobacterium avium-intracellufóre complex (MAC) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors analyzed their prospectively collected data and found 120 patients with new retinal lesions (group A) that were diagnosed 3 months or longer following the diagnosis of MAC and/or toxoplasmic encephalitis. The authors also performed a point prevalence study of retinal/choroidal findings in 25 consecutive AIDS patients (group B) without known eye disease who had been recently treated for toxoplasmic encephalitis and/or disseminated MAC infections. In addition, the characteristics of retinochoroidal toxoplasmosis scars in 5 AIDS patients were studied and compared with the characteristics of scars in 18 immunocompetent patients.

* RESULTS: In this study the incidence of ocular manifestations of MAC was zero (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0% to 3.8%). Two of 25 patients (8%) (95% CI 1% to 26%) in group A and 2 of 1 1 patients (18.1%) (95% CI 3.3% to 51.8%) in group B had toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis.

* CONCLUSION: In AIDS patients, ocular manifestations of toxoplasmosis are more common than ocular MAC. In addition, when compared with immunocompetent patients, AIDS patients tend to have retinochoroidal scars with less retinal pigment epithelium hyperplasia (1.8+ vs 3+) (P= .03).

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:50-54.]
The Anatomy of Probing and Irrigation for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Zwaan Johan
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this study, an easily palpable landmark, the supraorbital notch or foramen, was used to simplify the localization of the nasolacrimal duct during the probing procedure. The notch was palpated in 50 patients of a pediatric clinic. The topographic anatomy of the notch in relation to the lacrimal drainage system was studied in 10 skulls. The supraorbital notch is a convenient landmark for the guidance of a probe into the nasolacrimal canal. This technique should reduce the failure rate of probing without the need for infracturing of the lower turbinate or silicone intubation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:71-73.]
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Anterior Ocular Trauma
Authors: Berinstein Daniel M , Gentile Ronald C , Sidoti Paul A , Stegman Zeev , Tello Celso , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Ritch Ruben
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy after ocular trauma.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in six eyes of six patients at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary after a variety of traumatic ocular injuries.

* RESULTS: Eyes with angle recession, iridodialysis, cyclodialysis, hyphema, an intraocular foreign body, scleral laceration, and subluxed crystalline lens were imaged without complication. Ultrasound biomicroscopy aided in the diagnosis when visualization was limited by media opacities or distorted anterior segment anatomy.

* CONCLUSION: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a safe and effective adjunctive tool for the clinical assessment and management of ocular trauma, especially when visualization is limited and multiple traumatic injuries are involved.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:201-207.]
Scleral Buckling for Stage 4 Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chen , Yang Chung-May
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both vitrectomy and scleral buckling have been used to treat patients with stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The standard procedure of scleral buckling for treatment of stage 4 ROP is encircling scleral buckling. The effectiveness of segmental scleral buckling is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surgical results of patients with stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity treated with either encircling or segmental scleral buckling.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the anatomic outcomes of 23 eyes (18 infants) with stage 4 A or B ROP treated with scleral buckling. Segmental buckling was used to treat 15 eyes with detachment limited to the temporal side of the retina, while 9 eyes with detachment involving both the nasal and temporal sides were treated with encircling scleral buckling.

* RESULTS: Macular reattachment during a mean follow-up periord of 34 months (range: 2 weeks to 9 years) was accomplished in 11 (79%) of the 14 eyes treated with segmental scleral buckling and 4 (44%) of the 9 eyes that received encircling scleral buckling. There were no intraoperative complications recorded. None of the eyes that achieved macular reattachment developed recurrent macular detachment during the follow-up period.

* CONCLUSIONS: Scleral buckling appears to be effective for treatment of stage 4 ROP. In patients with temporal side retinal detachment only, segmental scleral buckling provides adequate treatment for stage 4 ROP.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:374-379]
Localized Conjunctival Argyrosis: A Late Sequela of Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Holck David E E , Klintworth Gordon K , Dutton Jonathan J , Foulks Gary N , Manning Francis J
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We describe a case of focal argyrosis of the conjunctiva clinically simulating a melanoma. An 82-year-old woman was referred for an asymptomatic pigmented conjunctival lesion. Her only significant past ocular history was strabismus surgery 76 years earlier. Biopsy of the conjunctiva and lateral rectus muscle revealed the discoloration was pigment granules. Energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis revealed the pigmentation to be silver deposits. The patient had strabismus surgery probably using a silver clip. Argyrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal pigmented conjunctival lesions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:495-498]
Simplified Technique for Acrylic Intraocular Lens Explantation
Authors: Geggel Harry S
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A simplified technique to explant an acrylic (AcrySof) intraocular lens through the original scleral frown incision is presented. After the haptics have been separately removed from the optic, the optic is grasped by a lens holder forcep and wiggled through the incision site. No wound enlargement is necessary. The limited intracameral manipulations minimize any potential damage to the posterior capsule or corneal endothelium. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:506-507]
Decompensation of Exodeviation After Corneal Refractive Surgery for Moderate to High Myopia
Authors: Snir Moshe , Kremer Israel , Weinberger Dov , Sherf Ilana , Axer-Siegel Ruth
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate strabismus and binocular decompensation of exodeviation and their surgical treatment following corneal refractive surgery.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of a noncomparative case series was conducted. Seven patients whose strabismus worsened after photorefractive keratectomy or laser in-situ keratomiteusis for correction of myopia underwent orthoptic evaluation before and after refractive surgery, as well as after corrective strabismus surgery. The motor alignment and regaining of binocularity after strabismus surgery to correct the misalignment following refractive corneal surgery were evaluated and compared at three time points.

* RESULTS: After corneal refractive surgery, there was a deterioration in mean distance exodeviation from 7.1 ± 5.2 to 25.7 ± 10.1 prism diopters (PD) (P = .028) and in mean near exodeviation from 7.1 ± 5.1 to 29.7 ± 8.1 PD (P = .18), with loss of binocular function in 6 of the 7 patients. Following strabismus surgery, the mean distance exodeviation was reduced from 25.7 ± 10.1 to 2.0 ± 1.8 PD (P= .027) and the mean near exodeviation from 29.7 ±8.1 to 3.7 ± 1.5 PD (P = .028). Five of the six patients regained binocular function.

* CONCLUSIONS: All at-risk patients with exophoria and exotropia should undergo a thorough orthoptic evaluation before corneal refractive surgery. Patients with ocular motility and misalignment problems should be warned preoperatively of the risk of decompensation of their strabismus.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:363-370.]
The Effect of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide on Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Bakri Sophie J , Beer Paul M
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether a single 4-mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection is associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. Forty-three consecutive eyes of 38 patients who had 12 weeks of follow-up were included. The IOPs before and after triamcinolone acetonide treatment were recorded by Goldmann applanation at each patient visit.

* RESULTS: Within 12 weeks after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection, 21 of 43 eyes (48.8%) demonstrated an increase in IOP of 5 mm Hg or greater, and 12 of 43 eyes (27.9%) had an increase in IOP of 10 mm Hg or greater. The mean time for an increase in IOP of 5 mm Hg or greater to occur was 4.1 weeks (standard deviation = 4.8 weeks), and the mean time to reach maximum IOP was 6.6 weeks (standard deviation = 5.1). The difference between the mean pre-injection IOP (15.12 mm Hg, n = 43) and the maximum post-injection IOP (20.74 mm Hg, n = 43) was statistically significant (P < .0001).

* CONCLUSION: A single 4-mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection is associated with an increase in IOP of 10 mm Hg or greater in 27.9% of eyes after the first injection. All eyes responded to topical glaucoma medication.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34: 386-390.]
Reproducibility of Retinal and Optic Nerve Head Perfusion Measurements Using Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry
Authors: Hafez Ali S , Bizzarro BSc, OD Regina L G , Rivard Michèle , Trabut Isabelle , Lovasik John V , Kergoat Hélène , Lesk Mark R
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of full-field perfusion analysis using scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF) for perfusion measurements of the neuroretinal rim of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary retina in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, and m normal subjects.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: SLDF perfusion measurements of the neuroretinal rim and the peripapillary retina were performed on 20 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (group G) and 20 normal volunteers (group N). Each subject underwent two independent sessions, 30 minutes apart, each involving 5 high quality images. Intrasession and intersession reproducibility coefficients for flow, volume, and velocity were calculated for a single image and for means of 3 and 5 images using analysis of variance models.

* RESULTS: Using a mean of 5 measurements for flow, the intrasession coefficient of reliability was 0.99 each for the rim, nasal retina, and temporal retina in group G and 0.93, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively, in group N. The intersession coefficient of reliability for flow was 0.99 for the rim, 0.95 for the nasal retina, and 0.87 for the temporal retina in group G and 0.87, 0.82, and 0.80, respectively, in group N. Compared with single image analysis, intrasession and intersession reproducibility were generally better when a mean of 3 images and substantially better when a mean of 5 images was used.

* CONCLUSION: SLDF full-field perfusion analysis is markedly more reproducible than the original software using 10 × 10 pixel windows. Obtaining mean values for at least 3 images improves the intrasession and intersession reproducibility of this technique.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:422-432.]
Intraocular Live Cysticercus Larva
Authors: Nainiwal Sanjeev , Chand Mool , Verma Lalit , Garg S P , Tewari Hem K , Kashyap Seema
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Ocular cysticercosis is one of the most common parasitic infections of the eye in humans. Although the adult pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, resides in the lumen of the intestine, the only structural element of an adult worm is usually found within a tissue cyst in the eye, its adenexa, or other places in the body with a single invaginated scolex. An unusual case is described in which a 13- to 14-mm live cysticercus larva was found, removed from the eye, and confirmed by histopathologic examination.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:464-466.]
The Scleral Buckling of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Under the Surgical Microscope
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Liang Xiaolei , Sun Dawei , Peng Shaomin
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:

To analyze the feasibility of performing scleral buckle under the surgical microscope without using the indirect ophthalmoscope.

Patients and Methods:

Data came from 342 eyes of 339 patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) that were suitable for scleral buckling. All surgeries were performed under the surgical microscope including examination and localization of retinal breaks, scleral buckling, and retinal cryotherapy.

Results:

During intraoperative examination, additional retinal breaks were found in 39 cases. Among 36 eyes in which a retinal break was not observed pre-operatively, 23 cases had retinal breaks detected during surgery. The anatomic success rate after one operation was 88.9% and the final success rate was 98.0%.

Conclusion:

Scleral buckling of RRD with equatorial or pre-equatorial breaks can be easily done under the surgical microscope, which has the merits that the surgeon’s view is a clear upright image, manipulations are simple, and good surgical results can be obtained.
Comparison of Anterior Chamber Depth Measurements Conducted with Pentacam HR
®
and IOLMaster
®
Authors: Németh Gábor , Hassan Ziad , Módis László , Szalai Eszter , Katona Kristof , Berta Andras
Published: April 2021

Background and Objective:

Anterior chamber depth (ACD) is an important anterior segment parameter. This study compared ACD measurements conducted with two optical devices in phakic, emmetropic eyes.

Patients and Methods:

Eighty-three phakic eyes of 44 patients with a mean axial length of 23.06 ± 0.94 mm were enrolled in the study. ACD was measured three times with the Scheimpflug-based Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), then three times with IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), and data were statistically analyzed.

Results:

The measurements resulted in a mean ACD of 3.01 ± 0.34 mm with Pentacam HR and 2.95 ± 0.32 mm with IOLMaster. Distribution of data was normal, and no significant difference in ACD values was detected (
P
= .29) between the two devices. Correlation between ACD measurements was highly significant (
r
= 0.85;
P
< .0001).

Conclusion:

In phakic eyes, ACD measured with Pentacam HR and with IOLMaster showed similar values, and high correlation was observed between these two devices.
Interactions of time delay and spatial diffusion induce the periodic oscillation of the vegetation system
Authors: Li Jing , Sun Gui-Quan , Jin Zhen
Published: April 2021

Empirical data exhibit a common phenomenon that vegetation biomass fluctuates periodically over time in ecosystem, but the corresponding internal driving mechanism is still unclear. Simultaneously, considering that the conversion of soil water absorbed by roots of the vegetation into vegetation biomass needs a period time, we thus introduce the conversion time into Klausmeier model, then a spatiotemporal vegetation model with time delay is established. Through theoretical analysis, we not only give the occurence conditions of stability switches for system without and with diffusion at the vegetation-existence equilibrium, but also derive the existence conditions of saddle-node-Hopf bifurcation of non-spatial system and Hopf bifurcation of spatial system at the coincidence equilibrium. Our results reveal that the conversion delay induces the interaction between the vegetation and soil water in the form of periodic oscillation when conversion delay increases to the critical value. By comparing the results of system without and with diffusion, we find that the critical value decreases with the increases of spatial diffusion factors, which is more conducive to emergence of periodic oscillation phenomenon, while spatial diffusion factors have no effects on the amplitude of periodic oscillation. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the spatiotemporal evolution behaviors of vegetation system.
Riemann problem for a non-strictly hyperbolic system in chemotaxis
Authors: Li Tong , Mathur Nitesh
Published: April 2021

The Riemann problem is solved for a system arising in chemotaxis. The system is of mixed-type and transitions from a hyperbolic to an elliptic region. It is genuinely nonlinear in the \begin{document}$ u $\end{document}-\begin{document}$ v $\end{document} plane except on the \begin{document}$ v $\end{document}-axis, where it is linearly degenerate. We have solved the Riemann problem in the physically relevant region up to the boundary of the hyperbolic-elliptic region, which is non-strictly hyperbolic. We also solved the problem on the linearly degenerate region. While solving the Riemann problem, we found classical shock and rarefaction waves in the hyperbolic region and contact discontinuities in the linearly degenerate region.
El rol de los sectores indígenas en la independencia del Perú. Bases para una nueva interpretación
Authors: Escanilla Huerta Silvia
Published: April 2021

El rol de los sectores indígenas en el proceso de independencia del Perú nunca ha sido del todo claro. Para algunos historiadores los sectores indígenas no tuvieron mayor participación en el proceso, pero para otros los sectores indígenas fueron los auténticos patriotas cuya inalterable lealtad a la causa de la independencia se contrapuso a la actitud dubitativa exhibida por las elites entre 1808 y 1824. Dado que los sectores indígenas constituían la mayoría de la sociedad virreinal y que participaron activamente como soldados en la guerra de independencia, este artículo propone avanzar más allá de posturas dicotómicas para analizar a los sectores indígenas como destacados actores políticos del periodo. A partir de la exploración de las estrategias políticas que los sectores indígenas desplegaron desde el comienzo de la crisis monárquica en 1808 y hasta el fin de la guerra en 1824 se propone que los sectores indígenas inauguraron una nueva manera de hacer política que definiría la guerra y que perduraría mucho después de la independencia.
L’habitat de Colmar-Diaconat (Haut-Rhin) et la définition du bronze final III en Alsace
Authors: Maise Christian , Lasserre Marina
Published: April 2021

Le site de Colmar-Diaconat a livré de nouveaux éléments qui permettent de définir les phases Bronze final IIIa et IIIb (Ha B1 et B2/3) en Alsace. Nous aborderons les différentes définitions existantes, conséquence d’une histoire de la recherche relativement complexe, et proposerons une périodisation du Bronze final III pour le sud de la plaine du Rhin.
Méthodes de mesure de la mobilité spatiale
Authors: Courgeau Daniel
Published: April 2021

La première édition de cet ouvrage, en 1988, s’était faite dans un contexte où les méthodes d’analyse et de mesure de la mobilité spatiale connaissaient un important regain d’intérêt, notamment de la part des gouvernements. L’urbanisation et les changements dans la répartition spatiale des populations, ainsi que leur incidence sur les structures économiques et sociales nécessitaient en effet des outils d’analyse adaptés. Enrichie d’une nouvelle présentation, la réédition du manuel s’imposait, tant l’outil s’était révélé indispensable pour tout chercheur travaillant sur les mobilités spatiales et les migrations. Concepts, présentation et analyse des sources, directes (enquêtes, registres, recensements…) ou indirectes (estimations, autres statistiques…), définitions synthétiques des indices et des taux, démonstrations pratiques de leur utilisation, méthodes de calcul et estimations des flux composent ce manuel pratique offrant un panorama méthodologique complet. Du fait de l’ampleur et de la complexité inédites prises par les phénomènes migratoires, les sources se sont aujourd’hui développées et diversifiées. Pour mieux les comprendre et les analyser, l’apport de méthodes quantitatives ayant fait leurs preuves s’avère plus que jamais nécessaire.
Le processus de construction des inégalités dans l’apprentissage de la régulation émotionnelle en classe préparatoire littéraire
Authors: Laheyne Cédric
Published: April 2021

L’article prend pour objet les apprentissages de la régulation émotionnelle en classe préparatoire littéraire d’un établissement privé de l’ouest parisien. La classe préparatoire comme institution socialement et scolairement située produit des cadres stricts de travail, générant la construction d’un rapport spécifique au temps et au travail scolaire. Souvent déstabilisés par leur accession à cet univers institutionnel, les élèves apprennent en outre à prendre en charge une dimension moins connue et plus implicite en travaillant individuellement sur leurs états intérieurs et leur manière de les percevoir. Le travail sur les émotions qui en résulte est une manière de s’ajuster aux contraintes institutionnelles en oscillant entre engagement et distanciation. L’article vise ainsi à mettre au jour chez les élèves la manière d’utiliser leurs émotions comme un travail à part entière, selon un rythme et des modalités qui varient toutefois en fonction de leur origine sociale et de leur trajectoire scolaire.
De la première à la troisième année d’une licence : comment l’assiduité étudiante est-elle travaillée ?
Authors: Henri-Panabière Gaële , Noûs Camille
Published: April 2021

Comment les premières années d’enseignement supérieur transforment-elles les étudiants ? La formation universitaire dont il est question dans l’article est peu encadrante, comme la plupart des licences de sciences humaines en France. Pourtant, au fil des trois années pendant lesquelles une trentaine d’étudiants ont été régulièrement enquêtés, leurs pratiques ont changé, en particulier celles qui concernent leur assiduité en cours. Pour comprendre ces changements, les analyses présentées s’inspirent de certains travaux portant sur la socialisation professionnelle. Elles montrent le rôle joué par le cadre institutionnel et sa faiblesse ainsi que par les pairs auxquels des formes de contrôle horizontal sont déléguées.
L’assimilation des valeurs médicales par les étudiants de médecine : les perspectives de la responsabilité médicale et de l’expérience clinique
Authors: Becker Howard S. , Hughes Everett C. , Geer Blanche P. , Strauss Anselm L.
Published: April 2021

Ce texte s’inscrit dans la troisième partie de l’ouvrage Boys in White, dédiée à l’étude de la culture étudiante lors des années d’apprentissage médical. Il étudie les différentes « perspectives » mises en avant par les étudiants pour se préparer à deux pratiques médicales : la responsabilité et l’expérience. Il approfondit notamment les stratégies mises en avant dans l’apprentissage du point de vue médical et les tensions qui découlent de l’intériorisation de ces perspectives. Par la mise en avant du travail collectif et du terrain, par ses allers-retours entre observations et montées en généralité, cette étude constitue, encore soixante ans après, un exemple novateur d’une manière de construire, de décrire et d’écrire les sciences sociales.
Credit Risk and (Influencing Factors of) Non-Performing Loans
Authors: Radu Marius
Published: April 2021

The main purpose of each banking institution is to operate profitably in order to maintain a stable and sustainable growth. However, the existence of high levels of non-performing loans (NPLs) in the banking industry negatively affects the level of private investment and limits the scope of bank credit to borrowers. It is a common consensus that the aggregate level of non-performing loans is associated with bank failure and financial erosion in both developing and developed countries. The dependent variable under investigation was the non-performing loans rate (NPL) used in a panel data model for 78 countries for the period 2007-2015. Banking performance as well as economic growth negatively and statistically significantly influence the rate of non-performing loans while the degree of accessibility to banking products and services is positively associated with the NPL rate. Another conclusion of the study would be that the degree of concentration of the banking market is not statistically significant when associated with the existence of non-performing loans.
Design and Development of Lightweight Operating System Framework for Smart Devices
Authors: Kaur Jasleen , Reddy S. R. N.
Published: April 2021

Immeasurable extension of technology for smart devices is perceived in the present scenario, and has resulted in advancements in the growth of such smart devices in diverse domains. An application specific, customized, and lightweight operating system (OS) eventually builds the complete smart device. The user may face difficulties in developing application specific customized OS because of lack of knowledge or resource constraints. The aim of this paper is to assist the users through a generic smart framework that significantly reduces the constraints in the design and development of smart devices and help the users to automatically build an application specific lightweight customized OS. The targeted framework comprises an intelligent graphical user interface that directs the selection of processor and application specific key components. The performance analysis of the framework is done through an experimental test on two different application areas. The findings infer that the size and boot time of an OS build from the framework diminishes by more than 50%.
The Role of IgM Antibodies in T Cell Lymphoma Protection in a Novel Model Resembling Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Jiang Chuancang , Zhao Ming-Lang , Ramos Luis , Dobaczewska Katarzyna , Herbert Ronald , Hobbie Kristen , Mikulski Zbigniew , Verkoczy Laurent , Diaz Marilyn
Published: April 2021

MRL/lpr mice typically succumb to immune complex–mediated nephritis within the first year of life. However, MRL/lpr mice that only secrete IgM Abs because of activation-induced deaminase deficiency (AID–/–MRL/lpr mice) experienced a dramatic increase in survival. Further crossing of these mice to those incapable of making secretory IgM (μS mice) generated mice lacking any secreted Abs but with normal B cell receptors. Both strains revealed no kidney pathology, yet Ab-deficient mice still experienced high mortality. In this article, we report Ab-deficient MRL/lpr mice progressed to high-grade T cell lymphoma that can be reversed with injection of autoreactive IgM Abs or following adoptive transfer of IgM-secreting MRL/lpr B cells. Anti-nuclear Abs, particularly anti-dsDNA IgM Abs, exhibited tumor-killing activities against a murine T cell lymphoma cell line. Passive transfers of autoreactive IgM Abs into p53-deficient mice increased survival by delaying onset of T cell lymphoma. The lymphoma originated from a double-negative aberrant T cell population seen in MRL/lpr mice and most closely resembled human anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Combined, these results strongly implicate autoreactive IgM Abs in protection against T cell lymphoma.
The dual modular Gromov–Hausdorff propinquity and completeness
Authors: Latrémolière Frédéric
Published: April 2021

We introduce in this paper the dual modular propinquity, a complete metric, up to full modular quantum isometry, on the class of metrized quantum vector bundles, i.e. of Hilbert modules endowed with a type of densely defined norm, called a D-norm, which generalize the operator norm given by a connection on a Riemannian manifold. The dual modular propinquity is weaker than the modular propinquity yet it is complete, which is the main purpose of its introduction. Moreover, we show that the modular propinquity can be extended to a larger class of objects which involve quantum compact metric spaces acting on metrized quantum vector bundles.
Pandemia y guerra: narrativas de crisis y liderazgo. Análisis de las estrategias discursivas presidenciales en el inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Pérez Tornero José Manuel , Marín Lladó Carles , Cervi Laura
Published: April 2021

Introducción. Las crisis provocadas por acontecimientos imprevistos como el COVID-19 ponen a prueba las capacidades de comunicación y liderazgo de los actores políticos. Como respuesta, estos políticos establecen estrategias comunicativas que buscan redefinir y reforzar su liderazgo (y su imagen) ante la opinión pública. Metodología. Este texto analiza el desarrollo de algunas de las estrategias llevadas a cabo por los líderes políticos de los tres países europeos más afectados en la primera ola de la pandemia del COVID-19: Emmanuel Macron (Francia), Giuseppe Conte (Italia) y Pedro Sánchez (España).  El análisis se basa en la semiótica generativa y se centra en el estudio de las dimensiones semionarrativa, semántica y discursiva. Resultados. En el caso concreto de la pandemia del coronavirus, tales narrativas introducen cuestiones relacionadas con la guerra y el combate. De este modo, facilitan la aparición de subencuadres como la heroicidad y el patriotismo. Discusión. Existe una gran similitud entre todos los discursos analizados a la hora de valerse de la secuencia narrativa propia de la realización del héroe. Pero ni la diferencia de contexto político, ni la diversa evolución de la pandemia en cada uno de los países analizados, así como tampoco el diferente estatuto político de los líderes, conlleva una diferenciación en sus bases narrativas y en sus encuadres bélicos. Conclusiones. Se confirma que las nuevas narrativas se originan en los órdenes discursivos tradicionales como el bélico y el épico-heroico y se destaca una novedad: el papel que juega la ciencia en el acompañamiento de este discurso.
Revitalizing African Languages for Transformation
Authors: Roy-Campbell Z
Published: April 2021

Local languages are the repositories of the indigenous knowledge base of societies.  Marginalization of certain languages is a form of devaluing not only the languages but the knowledge and culture embodied in those languages.  This paper explores the effects the devaluation of African languages have had on the indigenous knowledge base and culture of African countries and considers possibilities for the transformation of Africa through re-valuing African languages.
Dutch Reformed Church mission education and its secular reconstruction/transformation by the Bakgatla ba Kgafela African community of Rustenburg, South Africa, c.1903 – 1930s
Authors: Mbenga B
Published: April 2021

The paper analyses the nature of Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) mission education among the Bakgatla ba Kgafela of the Rustenburg District, South Africa. The emphasis of education was religious. A senior DRC missionary expressed the aim of education succinctly: “The purpose of education is to develop understanding, empathy and to win the children for Jesus Christ” (Maree, 1966: 65-66). The Bakgatla resented this racist policy, calling for the broadening of the curriculum, but unsuccessfully. Consequently, they built their own school. Teachers were recruited from some of the then prestigious educational institutions in South Africa, e.g. Tiger Kloof. The community funded teachers’ salaries and other expenses. The new school, named ‘Ramolope,’ after a local family patriarch who spearheaded its building, opened in the early 1920s. Radically different from the DRC school, it emphasised English, Mathematics and Science. It became enormously popular in the region. Some of the DRC mission pupils were leaving, to join the new school!  Neighbouring communities began to copy the Bakgatla’s successful transformational model. This competition so upset the DRC missionaries that they excommunicated all the adult (DRC) Christian members of the Ramolope family. Eventually, the government took over the funding of the school.
Teaching Social Studies from multicultural perspective: a practical approach to re-fashion African Studies for transformation
Authors: Salako E T , Ojeyibi O A
Published: April 2021

Currently, global education and global citizenship for social transformation addresses the issues of cordial and harmonious existence of our time. Africa is a multilingual and multicultural continent with about 3.000 ethnic groups and 2000 languages spoken; therefore, introduction of multicultural approach in teaching will ensure effective socialization and transformative education in Africa.  The roots to challenge bias, prejudice and creating classroom environment that reflects the learner’s culture for national unity lies in multicultural education. Multicultural education is a system of instruction which attempts to foster cultural pluralism and acknowledges the difference between race and culture in order to promote societal change and orderliness. This work examined a multicultural educational strategy which could be used in helping students from diverse racial, cultural, ethnic and language groups to experience academic success. Multicultural Concepts Knowledge Test (r=0.82), Multicultural Concept Attitude Scale (r= 0.86) were administered on 251 junior secondary school students from five secondary schools in the south-west region of Nigeria using the simple random technique. Two null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance. Treatment had significant main effect on students’ posttest knowledge scores in multicultural concepts (F (2,340) = 5.835; p<.05).  and attitude to multicultural concepts (F (2,340) = 34.055; P<.05). The MCA shows that the cooperative learning group had higher adjusted posttest knowledge score (x =10.14; Dev. =.83) In summary, findings of this study revealed that the cooperative multicultural learning strategy is effective for teaching multicultural classrooms. Therefore, this calls for improved approaches towards teaching by educators in order to bring us closer to the goal of multicultural education
Reflections on the issue of repatriation of looted and illegally acquired African cultural objects in Western museums
Authors: Effiboley Emery Patrick
Published: April 2021

This paper addresses the issue of repatriation/restitution of African cultural objects in Western museums by analysing the terminology used to discuss the demands of return by African states and people. After analysing these used terms which differ slightly from one another, the paper overviews the various types of cultural objects that ended up in European museums. The chapter finally discusses the destinations of the reclaimed cultural objects in postcolonial Africa by showing that not only the original contexts of these cultural objects have changed, but also that the countries asking for the return of these objects should work toward cohering identities for the benefit of all.