bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanosized Silica-Supported 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid: A Highly Active and Stable Catalyst for the Alkylation of p-Cresol with tert-Butanol
Authors: Alharbi Walaa , Alharbi Khadijah H. , Roselin L. Selva , Savidha R. , Selvin Rosilda
Published: November 2023

12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on nanosilica (TPA/SiO2) was employed as a catalyst for the tertiary butylation of p-cresol using tertiary butanol as an alkylating agent. The TPA/SiO2 catalyst was synthesized using the wet impregnation method followed by steaming at 150 °C for 6 h. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The surface acidity of the untreated and steamed catalysts was characterized via FTIR and DSC thermal analysis using pyridine as a probe molecule. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized via TGA analysis. The catalytic activity studies showed that the steamed catalyst displayed higher activity, with a higher desired yield of 2-tert-butyl cresol (2-TBC) compared to the untreated catalyst, and that this activity was related to the presence of stronger Brønsted acid sites in the steamed catalyst. A detailed analysis of the TPA/SiO2 steamed catalyst was performed to study the effects of reactant time-on-stream, reactant feed rate, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of tert-butanol to p-cresol. The optimum reaction temperature, tert-butanol/p-cresol molar ratio, feed rate, and time-on-stream were 413 K, a molar ratio of 2:1, 6 mL/min, and 2 h, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the TPA/SiO2 catalyst exhibits high activity in terms of % conversion and high % selectivity of 2-TBC under the optimized conditions. The characterization of fresh and spent catalysts confirmed the occurrence of coke deposition after the catalytic reaction. The catalyst was regenerated via heat treatment at 400 °C for 5 h. The regenerated catalyst was reused for subsequent runs for three cycles without showing a loss in its activity.
COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease Share Common Neurological and Ophthalmological Manifestations: A Bidirectional Risk in the Post-Pandemic Future
Authors: Amadoro Giuseppina , Latina Valentina , Stigliano Egidio , Micera Alessandra
Published: November 2023

A growing body of evidence indicates that a neuropathological cross-talk takes place between the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) -the pandemic severe pneumonia that has had a tremendous impact on the global economy and health since three years after its outbreak in December 2019- and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia among human beings, reaching 139 million by the year 2050. Even though COVID-19 is a primary respiratory disease, its causative agent, the so-called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is also endowed with high neuro-invasive potential (Neurocovid). The neurological complications of COVID-19, resulting from the direct viral entry into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and/or indirect systemic inflammation and dysregulated activation of immune response, encompass memory decline and anosmia which are typically associated with AD symptomatology. In addition, patients diagnosed with AD are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and are inclined to more severe clinical outcomes. In the present review, we better elucidate the intimate connection between COVID-19 and AD by summarizing the involved risk factors/targets and the underlying biological mechanisms shared by these two disorders with a particular focus on the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, APOlipoprotein E (APOE), aging, neuroinflammation and cellular pathways associated with the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP)/Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau neuropathologies. Finally, the involvement of ophthalmological manifestations, including vitreo-retinal abnormalities and visual deficits, in both COVID-19 and AD are also discussed. Understanding the common physiopathological aspects linking COVID-19 and AD will pave the way to novel management and diagnostic/therapeutic approaches to cope with them in the post-pandemic future.
Effects of Dietary Components on Mast Cells: Possible Use as Nutraceuticals for Allergies?
Authors: Kaag Sina , Lorentz Axel
Published: November 2023

Allergic diseases affect an estimated 30 percent of the world’s population. Mast cells (MC) are the key effector cells of allergic reactions by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators such as histamine, lipid mediators, and cytokines/chemokines. Components of the daily diet, including certain fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins, as well as secondary plant components, may have effects on MC and thus may be of interest as nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of allergies. This review summarizes the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary components on MC, including the signaling pathways involved, in in vitro and in vivo models. Butyrate, calcitriol, kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, resveratrol, curcumin, and cinnamon extract were the most effective in suppressing the release of preformed and de novo synthesized mediators from MC or in animal models. In randomized controlled trials (RCT), vitamin D, quercetin, O-methylated epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, curcumin, and cinnamon extract improved symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and reduced the number of inflammatory cells in patients. However, strategies to overcome the poor bioavailability of these nutrients are an important part of current research.
The Triticeae CBF Gene Cluster—To Frost Resistance and Beyond
Authors: Caccialupi Giovanni , Milc Justyna , Caradonia Federica , Nasar Muhammad Fazail , Francia Enrico
Published: November 2023

The pivotal role of CBF/DREB1 transcriptional factors in Triticeae crops involved in the abiotic stress response has been highlighted. The CBFs represent an important hub in the ICE-CBF-COR pathway, which is one of the most relevant mechanisms capable of activating the adaptive response to cold and drought in wheat, barley, and rye. Understanding the intricate mechanisms and regulation of the cluster of CBF genes harbored by the homoeologous chromosome group 5 entails significant potential for the genetic improvement of small grain cereals. Triticeae crops seem to share common mechanisms characterized, however, by some peculiar aspects of the response to stress, highlighting a combined landscape of single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation involving CBF members of subgroup IV. Moreover, while chromosome 5 ploidy appears to confer species-specific levels of resistance, an important involvement of the ICE factor might explain the greater tolerance of rye. By unraveling the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance, researchers can develop resilient varieties better equipped to withstand extreme environmental conditions. Hence, advancing our knowledge of CBFs and their interactions represents a promising avenue for improving crop resilience and food security.
mTOR Inhibitor Rapalink-1 Prevents Ethanol-Induced Senescence in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhou Huakang , Li Xuanchen , Rana Majeed , Cornelius Jan Frederick , Khan Dilaware , Muhammad Sajjad
Published: November 2023

The cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, ethanol, and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence. The senescent cells increase the expression and release of pro-inflammatory molecules and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). These pro-inflammatory molecules and MMPs promote the infiltration and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the vascular tissue, exacerbating vascular tissue inflammation. MMPs damage vascular tissue by degenerating the extracellular matrix. Consequently, these cellular and molecular events promote the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. We used Rapalink-1, an mTOR inhibitor, to block ethanol-induced senescence. Rapalink-1 inhibited oxidative-stress-induced DNA damage and senescence in endothelial cells exposed to ethanol. It attenuated the relative protein expression of senescence marker P21 and improved the relative protein expression of DNA repair protein KU70 and aging marker Lamin B1. It inhibited the activation of NF-κB, MAPKs (P38 and ERK), and mTOR pathway proteins (mTOR, 4EBP-1, and S6). Moreover, Rapalink-1 suppressed ethanol-induced mRNA expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin, MCP-1, IL-8, MMP-2, and TIMP-2. Rapalink-1 also reduced the relative protein expression of MMP-2. In summary, Rapalink-1 prevented senescence, inhibited pro-inflammatory pathway activation, and ameliorated pro-inflammatory molecule expression and MMP-2.
Molecular Mechanism Analysis of STIM1 Thermal Sensation
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Zheng Tianyuan , Jiang Yan , Wang Lei , Zhang Yuchen , Liang Qiyu , Chen Yuejie
Published: November 2023

STIM1 has been identified as a new warm sensor, but the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a variety of mutants of STIM1, Orai1 and Orai3 were generated. The single–cell calcium imaging and confocal analysis were used to evaluate the thermal sensitivity of the resulting STIM mutants and the interaction between STIM1 and Orai mutants in response to temperature. Our results suggested that the CC1–SOAR of STIM1 was a direct activation domain of temperature, leading to subsequent STIM1 activation, and the transmembrane (TM) region and K domain but not EF–SAM were needed for this process. Furthermore, both the TM and SOAR domains exhibited similarities and differences between STIM1–mediated thermal sensation and store–operated calcium entry (SOCE), and the key sites of Orai1 showed similar roles in these two responses. Additionally, the TM23 (comprising TM2, loop2, and TM3) region of Orai1 was identified as the key domain determining the STIM1/Orai1 thermal response pattern, while the temperature reactive mode of STIM1/Orai3 seemed to result from a combined effect of Orai3. These findings provide important support for the specific molecular mechanism of STIM1–induced thermal response, as well as the interaction mechanism of STIM1 with Orai1 and Orai3 after being activated by temperature.
Effects of GHRH Deficiency and GHRH Antagonism on Emotional Disorders in Mice
Authors: Recinella Lucia , Libero Maria Loreta , Veschi Serena , Piro Anna , Marconi Guya Diletta , Diomede Francesca , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Orlando Giustino , Ferrante Claudio , Florio Rosalba , Lamolinara Alessia , Cai Renzhi , Sha Wei , Schally Andrew V. , Salvatori Roberto , Brunetti Luigi , Leone Sheila
Published: November 2023

Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) has been suggested to play a crucial role in brain function. We aimed to further investigate the effects of a novel GHRH antagonist of the Miami (MIA) series, MIA-602, on emotional disorders and explore the relationships between the endocrine system and mood disorders. In this context, the effects induced by MIA-602 were also analyzed in comparison to vehicle-treated mice with GH deficiency due to generalized ablation of the GHRH gene (GHRH knock out (GHRHKO)). We show that the chronic subcutaneous administration of MIA-602 to wild type (+/+) mice, as well as generalized ablation of the GHRH gene, is associated with anxiolytic and antidepressant behavior. Moreover, immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses suggested an evident activation of Nrf2, HO1, and NQO1 in the prefrontal cortex of both +/+ mice treated with MIA-602 (+/+ MIA-602) and homozygous GHRHKO (−/− control) animals. Finally, we also found significantly decreased COX-2, iNOS, NFkB, and TNF-α gene expressions, as well as increased P-AKT and AKT levels in +/+ MIA-602 and −/− control animals compared to +/+ mice treated with vehicle (+/+ control). We hypothesize that the generalized ablation of the GHRH gene leads to a dysregulation of neural pathways, which is mimicked by GHRH antagonist treatment.
Preparation and Characterization of Freeze-Dried β-Tricalcium Phosphate/Barium Titanate/Collagen Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering in Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Putra Dwi Fortuna Anjusa , Aji Bramantyo Bayu , Ningsih Henni Setia , Wu Ting-Wei , Nakanishi Akihiro , Moriga Toshihiro , Shih Shao-Ju
Published: November 2023

The freeze-drying method creates a scaffold with a composite mesoporous structure with many advantages. However, everyday materials such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) have been used as an orthopedic implant for canine tribal bone defects for decades, for instance, for grafting material of even shapes to form an implant for our teeth. However, this material is still not entirely expected to be the best implant due to its high biodegradability. Besides that, using the piezoelectric effect on the bone can lead to more efficiency in cell growth and a faster healing time for patients. Based on this phenomenon, a scaffold composite with a piezoelectric material such as barium titanate (BaTiO3/BT) has been tested. Based on the BT/β-TCP ratio, the scaffold composite of BT and β-TCP produces a porous structure with porosity ranging from 30.25 ± 11.28 to 15.25 ± 11.28 μm. The BT/β-TCP ratio influences the samples’ pore type, which affects each sample’s mechanical properties. In our result, the scaffold of 45.0 wt% BT/45.0 wt% β-TCP/10.0 wt% collagen has achieved a significant value of 0.5 MPa for maximum stress with a sufficient pore size of 25.32 ± 8.05 μm. Finally, we performed a viability test to see the sample’s piezoelectric effect, which showed that the piezoelectric effect does increase bone healing time when tested by growing MC3T3-E1 cells on the samples.
Biomechanical Behavior of Lithium-Disilicate-Modified Endocrown Restorations: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Al-naqshabandi Fatien I. , Selivany Bahar Jaafar , Al-zahawi Abdulsalam Rasheed
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the biomechanical behavior of endocrown-restored mandibular molars according to “margin design” and “coverage extent” using finite element analysis (FEA). Six 3D solid models were fabricated, namely, those with complete occlusal coverage: A (butt joint), B (anatomic margin); partial coverage (two mesial cusps): C (butt joint), D (anatomic margin); and partial coverage with mesial class II cavity: E (butt joint), F (anatomic margin). All models received lithium disilicate endocrowns (2.0 mm thickness and 4.0 mm central retainer cavity depth). A 300 N vertical load was applied to the occlusal surface, while a 250 N oblique load was applied at 45° to the lingual inclined planes of the buccal cusps. The maximum von Mises stress (VMS) distribution patterns were calculated for the endocrown, tooth structure, and cement layer. The VMS on the prepared teeth and cement layer showed subtle differences between the tested models under vertical loads. The anatomic margin (partial and complete coverage) exhibited a more homogeneous stress distribution and offered a more adhesive area of the tooth structure. Under oblique loading, the anatomic margin (complete and partial), except Model D, exhibited the lowest VMS in the cement layer. An anatomically based endocrown could be a promising alternative to the butt joint design, providing better-devised endocrown restorations, which could potentially yield a more benign stress dissipation.
Unusual Phase Behaviour for Organo-Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles Synthesized via Reverse Micelle Templating
Authors: Munir Muhammad , Salib Arsani , Hui Lok Shu , Turak Ayse
Published: November 2023

Micelle templating has emerged as a powerful method to produce monodisperse nanoparticles. Herein, we explore unconventional phase transformations in the synthesis of organo-halide perovskite nanoparticles utilizing reverse micelle templates. We employ diblock-copolymer reverse micelles to fabricate these nanoparticles, which confines ions within micellar nanoreactors, retarding reaction kinetics and facilitating perovskite cage manipulation. The confined micellar environment exerts pressure on both precursors and perovskite crystals formed inside, enabling stable phases not typically observed at room temperature in conventional synthesis. This provides access to perovskite structures that are otherwise challenging to produce. The hydrophobic shell of the micelle also enhances perovskite stability, particularly when combined with anionic exchange approaches or large aromatic cations. This synergy results in long-lasting stable optical properties despite environmental exposure. Reverse micelle templates offer a versatile platform for modulating perovskite structure and behavior across a broad spectrum of perovskite compositions, yielding unique phases with diverse emission characteristics. By manipulating the composition and properties of the reverse micelle template, it is possible to tune the characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles, opening up exciting opportunities for customizing optical properties to suit various applications.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Spent Coffee Grounds Hydrochar and Metal Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Detection of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water
Authors: Barreto Francisco Contini , Ito Erika Yukie , Mounienguet Naelle Kita , Dal’ Evedove Soares Letícia , Yang Jie , He Quan (Sophia) , Cesarino Ivana
Published: November 2023

This research describes the modification of a glassy carbon electrode with spent coffee grounds hydrochar (HDC) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for the simultaneous determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCS) and bisphenol A (BPA). Scanning electron microscopy, EDS and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the nanocomposite. The analytical parameters were optimized and the sensing platform was applied for the determination of HCS and BPA using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). For HCS, the linear range was from 1.0 μmol L−1 to 50 μmol L−1, with an LOD and LOQ of 0.46 and 1.53 μmol L−1, respectively. For BPA, the linear range was from 0.5 μmol L−1 to 10 μmol L−1, with an LOD and LOQ of 0.31 μmol L−1 and 1.06 μmol L−1, respectively. Finally, the developed electrochemical sensor was applied for the quantification of the emerging contaminants in natural water, with recoveries between 94.8% and 106.8% for HCS and 99.6% and 105.2% for BPA. Therefore, HDC-CuNPs demonstrated themselves to be a good alternative as a sustainable and cheaper material for application in electroanalyses.
What Is Helpful and What Is Challenging for the Caregivers of Young People Receiving Interventions to Prevent Suicide? Caregivers’ Perspectives—A Rapid Scoping Review
Authors: Branjerdporn Grace , Erlich Ferrell , Ponraj Karthikeyan , McCosker Laura K. , Woerwag-Mehta Sabine
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among young people. Preventing suicide in young people is a priority. Caregivers play a vital role in ensuring interventions for young people experiencing suicide ideation and/or attempts are implemented, and that they are maintained over time. Despite this, little is known about what caregivers find helpful and challenging in relation to suicide prevention interventions. This rapid scoping review is the first to address this gap. (2) Methods: Searches were completed on six electronic databases using keywords relating to ‘suicide prevention, ‘young people’, and ‘caregivers’. Ten studies—using both qualitative and quantitative methods, and involving >1400 carers from the United States and Europe—were selected for inclusion. (3) Results: The review shows that caregivers value interventions that are delivered by non-judgmental clinicians, that are suitable to the particular needs of their child, that are available when needed, and that support their confidence and communication. Caregivers experience difficulties with interventions that require their attendance at specific times, and that fail to recognize and/or address their own mental health needs. (4) Conclusions: The findings can be used to inform and improve the intervention design, with the aim of improving outcomes for caregivers and young people.
The Role of Epigenetic Modifier Mutations in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Tigu Adrian-Bogdan , Bancos Anamaria
Published: November 2023

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a group of diseases with a low incidence, high degree of heterogeneity, and a dismal prognosis in most cases. Because of the low incidence of these diseases, there have been few therapeutic novelties developed over time. Nevertheless, this fact is changing presently as epigenetic modifiers have been shown to be recurrently mutated in some types of PTCLs, especially in the cases of PTCLs not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), T follicular helper (TFH), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). These have brought about more insight into PTCL biology, especially in the case of PTCLs arising from TFH lymphocytes. From a biological perspective, it has been observed that ten-eleven translocators (TET2) mutated T lymphocytes tend to polarize to TFH, while Tregs lose their inhibitory properties. IDH2 R172 was shown to have inhibitory effects on TET2, mimicking the effects of TET2 mutations, as well as having effects on histone methylation. DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) loss-of-function, although it was shown to have opposite effects to TET2 from an inflammatory perspective, was also shown to increase the number of T lymphocyte progenitors. Aside from bringing about more knowledge of PTCL biology, these mutations were shown to increase the sensitivity of PTCLs to certain epigenetic therapies, like hypomethylating agents (HMAs) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Thus, to answer the question from the title of this review: We found the Achilles heel, but only for one of the Achilles.
Influence of Breastfeeding on the State of Meta-Inflammation in Obesity—A Narrative Review
Authors: Mazur Dominika , Satora Małgorzata , Rekowska Anna K. , Kabała Zuzanna , Łomża Aleksandra , Kimber-Trojnar Żaneta , Leszczyńska-Gorzelak Bożena
Published: November 2023

Obesity has become an emerging health issue worldwide that continues to grow in females of reproductive age as well. Obesity, as a multisystem and chronic disease, is associated with metabolic inflammation, which is defined as chronic low-grade systemic inflammation mediated by, i.a., adipose tissue macrophages. Lactation has been proven to have a beneficial influence on maternal health and could help restore metabolic balance, especially in the state of maternal obesity. In this review, we aimed to analyze the influence of breastfeeding on chronic low-grade meta-inflammation caused by obesity. We performed a comprehensive literature review using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar electronic databases. For this purpose, we searched for “metabolic inflammation”; “meta-inflammation”; “obesity”; “breastfeeding”; “fetal programming”; “energy metabolism”; “postpartum”; “immunity”; “immune system”; and “inflammation” keyword combinations. While the clinical impact of breastfeeding on maternal and offspring health is currently well known, we decided to gain insight into more specific metabolic effects of adiposity, lipid, and glucose homeostasis, and immunological effects caused by the activity of cytokines, macrophages, and other immune system cells. Further research on the immunological and metabolic effects of breastfeeding in obese patients is key to understanding and potentially developing obesity therapeutic strategies.
Advances in CAR T Cell Therapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ma Hong , Das Jeeban , Prendergast Conor , De Jong Dorine , Braumuller Brian , Paily Jacienta , Huang Sophia , Liou Connie , Giarratana Anna , Hosseini Mahdie , Yeh Randy , Capaccione Kathleen
Published: November 2023

Since its first approval by the FDA in 2017, tremendous progress has been made in chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, the adoptive transfer of engineered, CAR-expressing T lymphocyte. CAR T cells are all composed of three main elements: an extracellular antigen-binding domain, an intracellular signaling domain responsible for T cell activation, and a hinge that joins these two domains. Continuous improvement has been made in CARs, now in their fifth generation, particularly in the intracellular signaling domain responsible for T cell activation. CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Nonetheless, the use of CAR T cell therapy for solid tumors has not attained comparable levels of success. Here we review the challenges in achieving effective CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors, and emerging CAR T cells that have shown great promise for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A growing number of clinical trials have been conducted to study the effect of CAR T cell therapy on NSCLC, targeting different types of surface antigens. They include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mesothelin (MSLN), prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and mucin 1 (MUC1). Potential new targets such as erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A2 (EphA2), tissue factor (TF), and protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) are currently under investigation in clinical trials. The challenges in developing CAR T for NSCLC therapy and other approaches for enhancing CAR T efficacy are discussed. Finally, we provide our perspective on imaging CAR T cell action by reviewing the two main radionuclide-based CAR T cell imaging techniques, the direct labeling of CAR T cells or indirect labeling via a reporter gene.
Transient Behavior Analysis of Microgrids in Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes: A Comparative Study of LVRT and HVRT Capabilities
Authors: Pramanik Abrar Shahriar , Sepasi Saeed
Published: November 2023

Microgrids, with integrated PV systems and nonlinear loads, have grown significantly in popularity in recent years, making the evaluation of their transient behaviors in grid-connected and islanded operations paramount. This study examines a microgrid’s low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) and high-voltage ride-through (HVRT) capabilities in these operational scenarios. The microgrid’s behavior was analyzed using both electromagnetic transient (EMT) and RMS simulation methods. Two operational modes, grid-connected and islanded, were considered. A three-phase diesel generator acted as a reference machine in islanded mode. Findings highlighted distinct behaviors in the two operational modes. The EMT simulation revealed in-depth characteristics of electrical parameters, showing high-frequency oscillations more precisely than the RMS simulation. Additionally, the transient recovery times were longer in islanded mode compared to grid-connected mode. The EMT simulation offers a more detailed portrayal of transient behaviors than the RMS simulation, especially in capturing high-frequency disturbances. However, its completion time becomes significantly extended with longer simulation durations. Microgrids showcase distinct transient behaviors in grid-connected versus islanded modes, especially in LVRT and HVRT scenarios. These findings are critical for the design and operation of modern microgrids.
Flood Hazard Assessment in Australian Tropical Cyclone-Prone Regions
Authors: Kaspi Michael , Kuleshov Yuriy
Published: November 2023

This study investigated tropical cyclone (TC)-induced flooding in coastal regions of Australia due to the impact of TC Debbie in 2017 utilising a differential evolution-optimised random forest to model flood susceptibility in the region of Bowen, Airlie Beach, and Mackay in North Queensland. Model performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve, which showed an area under the curve of 0.925 and an overall accuracy score of 80%. The important flood-influencing factors (FIFs) were investigated using both feature importance scores and the SHapely Additive exPlanations method (SHAP), creating a flood hazard map of the region and a map of SHAP contributions. It was found that the elevation, slope, and normalised difference vegetation index were the most important FIFs overall. However, in some regions, the distance to the river and the stream power index dominated for a similar flood hazard susceptibility outcome. Validation using SHAP to test the physical reasoning of the model confirmed the reliability of the flood hazard map. This study shows that explainable artificial intelligence allows for improved interpretation of model predictions, assisting decision-makers in better understanding machine learning-based flood hazard assessments and ultimately aiding in mitigating adverse impacts of flooding in coastal regions affected by TCs.
A Case Report: Idiopathic or Drug-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis—Can We Draw a Line?
Authors: Božić Dorotea , Tonkić Ante , Vukojevic Katarina , Radman Maja
Published: November 2023

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an unpredictable reaction of individuals exposed to a certain drug, and drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis (DIAIH) presents a DILI phenotype that mimics idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) when considering the clinical, biochemical, serological and histological parameters. We present a case report of a 48-year-old male who was hospitalized due to severe hepatocellular liver injury two months after self-treatment with a muscle-building dietary supplement based on arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate, L-citrulline, L tyrosine, creatine malate and beet extract. His immunology panel was positive with increased IgG levels, and radiologic methods showed no signs of chronic liver disease. He underwent corticosteroid treatment with adequate response. After therapy withdrawal, a clinical relapse occurred. Seven months after the initial presentation, liver MR suggested initial cirrhotic changes in the right liver lobe. A liver biopsy revealed abundant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with piecemeal necrosis and grade 2 fibrosis. He responded well to the corticosteroid treatment again, and was further treated with low-dose prednisone without additional relapses. Several years later, further management confirmed the presence of liver cirrhosis with no histological or biochemical signs of disease activity. DIAIH is a DILI phenotype that is difficult to distinguish from idiopathic AIH despite a wide armamentarium of diagnostic methods. It should always be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients presenting with hepatocellular liver injury.
Association between Perceived Protection Motivation, Preventive Behaviors, and Biomarkers among Diabetic Patients in Rural Areas of Thailand
Authors: Yongpet Rattanaporn , Seangpraw Katekaew , Ong-Artborirak Parichat
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly worldwide. Without proper management, DM can have serious complications. We aimed to investigate the association between protection motivation theory (PMT) constructs, self-care behaviors, and biomarkers among diabetic patients in a community in northern Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Simple random sampling was used to select 422 subjects from patients enrolled in primary care in Chiang Rai Province. Data were collected using questionnaires and blood sampling to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data. The diabetic subjects’ age was 62.25 years (standard deviation [SD] = 8.90), and the duration of diabetes was 9.07 years (SD = 7.23). Positive correlations were found between the DM knowledge score and the PMT score (r = 0.812, p < 0.01) and between the PMT score and the preventive behavior score (r = 0.817, p < 0.01). The preventive behavior score was negatively correlated with FBS (r = −0.319, p < 0.01) and HbA1c (r = −0.625, p < 0.01) and significantly associated with income (B = 0.15) and the PMT score (B = 0.71), accounting for 67.0% of the variance. Age (B = −0.73), sleep problems (B = 10.71), and the preventive behavior score (B = −1.15) were statistically significantly associated with FBS (R2 = 14.3%). Four variables, the female gender (B = −0.26), being married (B = −0.24), sleep problems (B = 0.42), and the preventive behavior score (B = −0.09), were statistically significantly associated with HbA1c levels (R2 = 41.6%). Health education programs should primarily target awareness of disease severity, complications, and self-efficacy enhancement to generate intention and behavior change. This may delay or reduce the occurrence of diabetes-related complications in people with type 2 diabetes.
Using an Al-Incorporated Deep Black Pigment Coating to Enhance the Solar Absorptance of Iron Oxide-Rich Particles
Authors: Alkan Gözde , Mechnich Peter , Pernpeintner Johannes
Published: November 2023

The use of solid particles as direct heat absorbance and storage media promises enhanced storage densities in concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies. The long-term optical performance of those particles, which aim to be operational over years, is crucial. Dry powder coating with a deep black Cu-Mn-oxide pigment in a resonant acoustic mixer and subsequent sintering was employed to improve the long-term optical performance of hematite-rich spherical particles, which aimed to replace the state-of-the-art bauxite proppants. Due to the specific reactivity of the hematite particles, a new strategy using an Al-modified composition of the initial deep black pigment was required. The Al modification diminishes cation diffusion into hematite, allowing the formation of spinel-type Fe-Mn-Cu-Al-oxide coatings with favorable long-term temperature and optical stability. The effect of chemical composition of the coating layer on the coating process mechanism was discussed and the need for an elongated sintering time was noticed to ensure the termination of stable spinel phase formation. The structural and optical measurements revealed the enhancement of the properties of hematite absorber particles through this new modified coating process.
Tantalum Oxide Thin Films Sputter-Deposited by Oxygen Gas Pulsing
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Cote Jean-Marc , Gavoille Joseph , Potin Valérie
Published: November 2023

Tantalum oxide thin films are deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering from a tantalum metallic target and argon + oxygen. The oxygen gas is pulsed during the deposition with a constant pulsing period T = 10 s, whereas the introduction time of the reactive gas, namely the tON injection time, is systematically changed from 0 to 100% of T. Therefore, composition of as-deposited TaOx films is continuously changed from pure metallic tantalum to the over-stoichiometric Ta2O5 material. Films adopt the body-centered cubic structure (metallic Ta) for the lowest tON injection time values (oxygen stoichiometry x < 1.0) and become amorphous for the longest ones. It is shown that the tON injection time is a key parameter to deposit either homogeneous tantalum oxides, or periodic Ta/TaOx multilayers with alternations close to 3 nm. Optical transmittance in the visible region of the film/glass substrate system and electrical conductivity vs. temperature both exhibit a gradual evolution from metallic (σ300K = 8.17 × 105 S m−1 with an opaque behavior) to semiconducting (σ300K = 1.97 × 103 S m−1 with a semi-transparent transmittance) and finally to dielectric properties (σ300K < 10−5 S m−1 for interferential films) as a function of the oxygen concentration in the films.
Development of a Hydrophobic Polymer Coating in Polyurethane Organic–Mineral Base Containing Waste from Fibreglass Production
Authors: Jakubíková Karolína Hudec , Hodul Jakub , Hermann Radek , Drochytka Rostislav
Published: November 2023

In this study, the suitability of waste from glass fibre production as a secondary filler for a polymeric durable hydrophobic coating, based on an innovative polyurethane organic–mineral base, was experimentally verified. The main aim of this work was to develop a basic formulation for a polymeric hydrophobic coating designed primarily for usage in aggressive environments. For this purpose, a total of four formulations were tested with different weight percentages of waste glass fibre, i.e., from 30 to 60%. The basic properties in the fresh state, such as the coating workability and kinematic and dynamic viscosity, were verified, and an application test was performed. The formulations were also verified after the polymerisation of the coating. Adhesion on a concrete substrate and the tensile properties and hardness of the coating were tested. Chemical resistance to liquid aggressive media and the microstructure of the coating after exposure to SO2 were also tested, as these are critical properties. All the formulations showed better workability than the reference coating without a filler, and the formulation with the highest filling (60%) appeared to be optimal. The maximum adhesion on the concrete substrate (11.9 MPa) and tensile strength (21.6 MPa) were recorded for the formulation with 60% waste fibreglass. It can be concluded that with an increase in the waste glass content, there was a significant improvement in the properties of the coatings. Additionally, the waste fibreglass did not have a significant negative impact on chemical resistance.
Effect of Spherical WC Content on the Microstructure and Properties of SiCp Aluminium Composite Material
Authors: Feng Xinyi , Li Xiao , Wang Fei , Liu Zengzhi , Wang Wenping
Published: November 2023

In this paper, SiCp aluminium matrix composites were used as the matrix, and AlSi10Mg powder, which has a relatively similar coefficient of thermal expansion to that of the matrix, was used to prepare laser cladding Al-based coatings. The results show that the optimal process parameters are P = 4400 W, Vf = 11.3 g·min−1, and VS = 1800 mm·min−1, and, although the hardness of the coatings is lower than the hardness of the substrate, it reduces the generation of defects such as cracks and porosity. With the increase in WC reinforced phase and the hardness of the coatings, wear resistance increases, the granular cytocrysts are transformed into rod-like cytocrysts, and at the same time generate the dendritic crystals, and the undergo grain refining and generate the new phases such as Al4C3, Al4SiC4. There is no obvious defect in AlSi10Mg + 40%WC coatings, the macro morphology of the coatings is good, there is no spalling in the friction wear morphology, and the wear resistance is excellent, but there are obvious cracks and obvious spalling in the coatings of AlSi10Mg + 60%WC. Compared to the matrix hardness of 171.61 HV, the hardness of the 20%WC cladding layer increased by a factor of 1.06, while the hardness of the 40%WC cladding layer increased by a factor of 1.65 and that of the 60%WC cladding layer increased by a factor of 1.8. In terms of wear, compared to a substrate wear amount of 9.36 mg, the wear for the 20%WC cladding layer was reduced to 6.13 mg (34.5% less than the substrate), for the 40%WC cladding layer it was reduced to 4.58 mg (51.06% less than the substrate), and for the 60%WC cladding layer it was reduced to 7.35 mg (21.47% less than the substrate). The quality of the coatings decreases although the hardness is higher than that of AlSi10Mg + 40%WC. The comprehensive performance of AlSi10Mg + 40%WC coatings is optimal.
Seasonal Variation in the Organization of Dung Beetle Communities in the Moroccan Middle Atlas (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)
Authors: Hajji Hasnae , Janati-Idrissi Abdellatif , Taybi Abdelkhaleq Fouzi , Caron Valérie , Lumaret Jean-Pierre , Mabrouki Youness
Published: November 2023

Dung beetles feed on and bury animal droppings, and their role is crucial in reducing the accumulation of manure, which diminishes the useful surface area of pastures. The aim of this research was to characterize the seasonal organization of dung beetle communities (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) in the Middle Atlas region of Morocco in terms of core and satellite species. The beetles were collected using standard dung-baited traps. Four sites along a gradient of elevation were surveyed for one year every 7 to 10 days, depending on the season and local weather conditions. A total of 24,397 beetles were collected, belonging to 51 species. In most dung beetle communities, two to three species were found to be predominant, representing between 70 and 95% of all the individuals active at the same time but constituting only 10 to 30% of species diversity. The rapid succession of species at the same site limits the competition between species, allowing for the efficient use of available trophic resources.
High Protein—Low Viscosity? How to Tailor Rheological Properties of Fermented Concentrated Milk Products
Authors: Piskors Nico , Heck Anisa , Filla Jessica M. , Atamer Zeynep , Hinrichs Jörg
Published: November 2023

The rheological properties, e.g., viscosity and yield stress, of fermented concentrated milk products (protein content > 8%) are strongly dependent on their volume fraction. Post-treatment with high-power ultrasound can reduce the volume fraction of these products and, hence, lead to reduced crowding effects and thus lower viscosities and yield stress. Besides that, the particle size distribution (span) should stay unaltered. Increasing the energy input during the sonication of fat-free fresh cheese with a protein content of 8.9 ± 0.4% decreased the volume fraction below the limit for concentrated products (ϕ = 0.4), while the particle size also decreased. This led to a narrowed span and, hence, the viscosity should have increased; however, the results showed that viscosity and yield stress were decreasing. Consequently, the influence of the span was neglectable for concentrated fermented milk products with volume fractions below the concentrated area. Furthermore, the sonicated samples showed no syneresis over a storage time of two weeks. The sonicated samples reached similar rheological properties to commercial stirred yogurt, which demonstrated the suitability of high-power ultrasound as a post-treatment to tailor the rheological properties of high-protein fermented milk products.
Introducing DeReKoGram: A Novel Frequency Dataset with Lemma and Part-of-Speech Information for German
Authors: Wolfer Sascha , Koplenig Alexander , Kupietz Marc , Müller-Spitzer Carolin
Published: November 2023

We introduce DeReKoGram, a novel frequency dataset containing lemma and part-of-speech (POS) information for 1-, 2-, and 3-grams from the German Reference Corpus. The dataset contains information based on a corpus of 43.2 billion tokens and is divided into 16 parts based on 16 corpus folds. We describe how the dataset was created and structured. By evaluating the distribution over the 16 folds, we show that it is possible to work with a subset of the folds in many use cases (e.g., to save computational resources). In a case study, we investigate the growth of vocabulary (as well as the number of hapax legomena) as an increasing number of folds are included in the analysis. We cross-combine this with the various cleaning stages of the dataset. We also give some guidance in the form of Python, R, and Stata markdown scripts on how to work with the resource.
The Kappa Opioid Receptor: Candidate Pharmacotherapeutic Target for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Reed Brian , Dutta Surya
Published: November 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts millions of people worldwide. While multiple therapeutics have recently been developed and approved as treatment agents, they are not 100% effective. Recent developments investigating the endogenous opioid system involvement in MS has revealed that agonists of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) have beneficial effects in both animal models of MS (and demyelinating disorders more generally) as well as in vitro models of remyelination. Several groups have contributed to this development. We summarize here the findings of these published studies, with comparisons of the effects and discussion of similarities and differences. The effects of KOR agonists involve both neuroimmunomodulation as well as remyelination, in different populations of cells. The compelling findings in MS model systems using KOR agonists strongly indicate that further investigations at both mechanistic and translational therapeutic levels are warranted.
CNS Involvement of DLBCL Presenting with an Unusual Non-Enhancing Infiltrative Mass
Authors: Hsueh Fu-Sheng , Chen Hung-Chieh , Tzeng Huey-En
Published: November 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is relatively uncommon, occurring in approximately 5% of cases, with the majority of instances manifesting during relapse and often associated with poor prognoses. The aim of this case report is to present a unique occurrence of non-enhancing relapse of CNS lymphoma. Significantly, the patient had recently encountered a disease involvement in the axilla region, and subsequent to scheduled chemotherapy, she developed persistent neurological symptoms, leading to the discovery of a relapse of the CNS lymphoma. Our focus will be on delineating the clinical presentation, elucidating the findings observed in clinical imaging, and detailing the therapeutic approaches employed in this specific case. By highlighting these aspects, we aim to provide valuable insights into the diagnosis of the atypical presentation of CNS lymphoma.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Fibrotic Liver: A Narrative Review
Authors: Naganuma Hiroko , Ishida Hideaki
Published: November 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a non-fibrotic liver (F0) is considered to be rare, and there is a marked paucity of studies in the literature on this HCC type. A review of the literature shows some important clinical and tumor characteristics: (a) it occurs mainly in young female and elder male patients; (b) clinically, under normal hepatic function, alpha-fetoprotein level is often normal, and there are no risk factors; (c) associated with metabolic disease; (d) macroscopically, single large lesions are noted; and (e) microscopically, the lesions are well-differentiated and encapsulated. Radiological imaging results are straightforward, showing arterial hyperenhancement and later wash-out. The combined use of B-mode and contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasound (US) is the most reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. Few peri-and post-operative complications are noted and 5-year survival is not inferior to patients with HCC on fibrosis liver despite the lesion’s large size. Most clinicians believe that HCC is unlikely to occur if patients have no symptoms and normal hepatic function. Although detailed clinical data are very limited, we expect that this review will help to improve the clinical management of HCC in non-fibrotic livers.
Inner Retinal Thinning Comparison between Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: De Salvo Gabriella , Oshallah Mohamed , Sepetis Anastasios E. , Borbara Ramez , Oliverio Giovanni William , Meduri Alessandro , Frisina Rino , Jacob Aby
Published: November 2023

Purpose: to assess the tomographic retinal layers’ thickness in eyes affected by branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) and to compare it to those of patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: retrospective review of 27 patients; 16 with BRAO (16 eyes) and 11 with POAG (20 eyes) were identified among those who received SD-OCT scans, including analysis of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), neuroretinal rim (NRR), circumpapillary RNFL at 3.5 mm and hemisphere asymmetry (HA). Results: the total IPL and INL thinning difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0067 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The HA difference for the total macular thinning, mRNFL, GCL, IPL and INL (p < 0.0001) was also statistically significant. The analysis of the average total retinal thinning, total mRNFL and GCL thinning showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: unilateral inner retinal thinning may represent a sign of temporal BRAO, particularly for INL thinning and HA difference over 17µm in total retinal layer thinning. This information is particularly useful in the diagnosis of previous, undiagnosed BRAO and may help prevent further retinal arterial occlusion and possible cerebrovascular incidents.