bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impactos Socioeconômicos da Atividade de Construção Civil no Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na Cidade de Campo Grande/MS
Authors: Pinheiro de Assunção Ayron Vinícius , De Queiroz Breno Dutra , L Coutinho Helaine Clicia
Published: April 2021

ResumoO presente estudo aborda a questão dos impactos socioeconômicos e a sua relação com a construção civil na cidade de Campo Grande/MS, a partir da implementação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. Objetiva-se com a pesquisa avaliar se houve mudanças no setor da construção civil em decorrência da participação do governo federal no projeto de construção de habitação popular, com a finalidade de fortalecer o setor da construção civil. Este setor teve mudanças com a presença do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, em face de se apresentar um elevado crescimento do setor imobiliário na cidade de Campo Grande, especialmente em função das demandas de habitação que se apresentam para os segmentos pertencentes aos estratos da classe baixa, média e alta. Adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental para a realização do estudo, mediante o uso de fontes informativas de empresas do setor imobiliário que atuam na cidade de Campo Grande. Verifica-se que com a implantação do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida na cidade de Campo Grande, o setor imobiliário por ter um elevado crescimento, decorrente das demandas, as empresas de construção civil continuam a expandir suas atividades para atender esse segmento social. Com isso, conclui-se que a proposta do governo para fortalecer as empresas de construção civil é atrativa para o setor construir casas e residenciais. Palavras-chave: Impactos Socioeconômicos. Construção Civil. Habitação. AbstractThe present study addresses the issue of socioeconomic impacts and their relationship with civil construction in the city of Campo Grande / MS, as a result of the implementation of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program. The objective of the research is to evaluate whether there have been changes in the construction sector due to the federal government's participation in the popular housing construction project, with the purpose of strengthening the civil construction sector. This sector has changed with the presence of the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program, due to the high growth of the real estate sector in the city of Campo Grande, especially due to the housing demands that are present for the segments belonging to the low-income strata , medium and high. We adopted bibliographical and documentary research to carry out the study, using information sources from real estate companies operating in the city of Campo Grande. With the implementation of the My Home My Life Program in the city of Campo Grande, the real estate sector, due to its high growth, due to the demands, construction companies continue to expand their activities to serve this social segment. With this, it is concluded that the government's proposal to strengthen construction companies is attractive for the sector to build homes and residential. Keywords: Socioeconomic Impacts. Construction. Housing.
Los nuevos trabajadores migrantes en Europa. El surgimiento de una política común de inmigración laboral
Authors: Gsir Sonia
Published: April 2021

Dominada por una lógica de “inmigración cero”, la cooperación europea en materia de inmigración de trabajadores no comunitarios se ha desarrollado más lentamente que en el caso del régimen de circulación de los trabajadores comunitarios. Las discusiones sobre una política común respecto a la nueva migración laboral en Europa fueron complejas. Una estrategia política se aprobó finalmente seis años después de la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Amsterdam en 1999, para lograr una primera legislación en 2009. El primer objetivo de este artículo es examinar el proceso de configuración de una política común de inmigración laboral. El segundo examina qué tipo de política se configuró y cómo se construyen categoríasde trabajadores migrantes. Con un enfoque teórico inspirado en el institucionalismo discursivo, en este artículo explica elproceso político implementado por los actores europeos, en particular la Comisión Europea. Utilizando el concepto de discurso concebido como ideas e interacciones, se aclaran las ideas en torno a una nueva inmigración laboral y se muestra cómo los actores europeos llegan poco a poco a un acuerdo sobre una primera ley de inmigración laboral: la Directiva llamada tarjeta azul-UE. Las categorías de trabajadores migrantes que emergen de dicho proceso van del nuevo migrante económico a la figura emblemática del altamente cualificado. Finalmente la política europea de inmigración laboral adoptada es una política de mediana apertura. Se caracteriza por un enfoque diferenciado para los trabajadores migrantes y una preferencia por la inmigración temporal.
La implementación de los programas sociales y de empleo: racionalidades y perspectivas de los funcionarios públicos en Argentina
Authors: Peroni Andrea , Palma Amestoy Carlos
Published: April 2021

El artículo indaga en los discursos de los funcionarios públicos responsables de la ejecución de ocho programas sociales ejecutados en el espacio local —Altos de SanLorenzo ubicado en la ciudad de La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina—, a fin de identificar lógicas y racionalidades subyacentes según las condiciones de implementación de cada intervención, poniendo especial énfasis en aquellos programas enfocados en el empleo. El marco conceptual incluyó la utilización de una tipología de programas sociales, elaborada a partir de dos ejes: la naturaleza o programabilidad de la tarea y la interacción que la intervención promueve entre operadores y beneficiarios; además,consideró cuatro tipos de racionalidad: técnica, burocrática, política y orientada al destinatario. El objetivo fue establecer, a partir de una metodología de análisis del discurso, el grado de racionalidad del que dan cuenta los ejecutores de cada programa, identificando con especial atención las perspectivas y racionalidades puestas en juego en los programas laborales seleccionados. Las conclusiones principales señalan que, aunque existen variaciones importantes entre las racionalidades más influyentes según el tipo de programa, es destacable el lugar central y la preponderancia que ocupan la racionalidad política y la orientada al destinatario, las que se enfatizan aún más en los programas de empleo.
Estrategias empresariales de las pymes editoriales argentinas a principios del siglo XXI
Authors: Román Viviana
Published: April 2021

El sector editorial de Argentina tiene sus orígenes a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX; a esa época se remonta la fundación de algunas editoriales que se desarrollaron con particularidades a lo largo del siglo XX. A partir de las últimas décadas de ese siglo la industria editorial argentina transitó por un proceso de concentración y de extranjerización. Desde entonces, el sector presentó una coexistencia de grandes grupos empresariales y un conjunto heterogéneo de empresas pequeñas y medianas. Dentro de estas últimas hay algunas que cuentan con una importante tradición en el mercado editorial, y otras que han surgido en los últimos veinte o treinta años. En este sentido, las estrategias empresariales que estas pymes editoriales han puesto en práctica frente al escenario antes descrito, su relación con las cámaras empresariales del sector y su capacidad de generar empleo, tanto de profesionales como de técnicos y de trabajadores no calificados constituyen elementos de análisis fundamentales. En consonancia con lo anterior, este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio en perspectiva histórica del accionar de las empresas pequeñas y medianas del sector, de las diferentes estrategias que han puesto en práctica frente a la situación descrita y de su papel como dinamizadoras del empleo en el sector editorial de la Argentina. Se han consultado publicaciones institucionales y periódicas, estadísticas, entrevistas a informantes claves que desarrollan su actividad profesional y empresarial dentro del sector, y análisis de investigadores sobre el tema en cuestión.
Rock glacier and protalus rampart inventory in Las Salinas river basin, Central Andes of Argentina
Authors: Forte Ana Paula , Villarroel Cristian Daniel , Esper Angillieri María Yanina
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a detailed rock glacier and protalus rampart inventory from Las Salinas river basin, an arid subtropical mountain hydrological system (between 31°02’ and 31°22’ S latitude) located in the northern sector of the Central Andes of Argentina, where permafrost and cryogenic processes prevail. The inventory is based on a geomorphological characterization by means of optical remote sensing and field description data. The study region covers 630 km2, with 3.25% of the area containing 405±8.2 rock glaciers and protalus ramparts in total, of which 231±2.5 are considered protalus rampart and 49±2 are considered active, 61±1 inactive and 64±3 fossil rock glaciers. Frequency ratio and logistic regression were used as statistical methods to determine the relationship between the distribution of these periglacial landforms and different geological, morphometric and climatic variables as elevation, potential incoming solar radiation, slope, aspect and lithology. Results show that elevation, lithology, and aspect are the most influencing factors for the occurrence of active rock glaciers. According to rock glaciers and protalus ramparts distribution, the permafrost occurrence probability is above 3690 m a.s.l. (current and high periglacial environment). However, some inactive rock glaciers and protalus rampart were found below this elevation, thus between 3300 and 3690 m a.s.l. the landscapes are dominated by an unstable periglacial environment.
FALLOP TÜPLERİNİN NADİR İNFLAMASYONU: İKİ KSANTOGRANÜLOMATÖZ SALPENJİT OLGUSU
Authors: Aslan Figen , Alış Söyleyici Nevroz , Usta Akın
Published: April 2021

Ksantogranülomatöz inflamasyon, etkilediği organın normal dokusunu yıkıma uğratan kronik inflamasyonun nadir bir formudur. En sık böbrekte ve safra kesesinde karşılaşılan bu inflamasyon, fallop tüplerinde çok ender olarak bildirilmiştir. Kitlesel lezyon olarak ortaya çıkarak maligniteyi taklit etmesi ve ayrıca sistemik inflamasyona ilerleyerek ölümle sonuçlanabilmesi klinikte oldukça önemlidir. Ksantogranülomatöz salpenjit tanısı alan 2 ayrı olgu klinik ve patolojik özellikleri ile birlikte sunuldu.
AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ ONKOLOJİ KLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN KANSER HASTALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Alan Yalım Sümeyra , Uysal Mükremin
Published: April 2021

talıklarına bağlı ölümlerden sonra ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Kanser, morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olması nedeniyle ciddi bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dünyada ve ülkemizde kanser epidemiyolojisini araştıran birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen halen bazı bölgelerde yeterli veri yoktur. Bu araştırma, Afyonkarahisar bölgesindeki onkoloji polikliniğine başvuran kanser hastalarının demografik değişkenlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Tanımlayıcı ve retrospektif nitelikteki bu araştırmaya Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Onkoloji polikliniğine Nisan 2012 – Haziran 2015 arasında başvuran 2201 kanser hastası dahil edildi.BULGULAR: Hastaların 1101’inin (%50) erkek, 1100’ünün (%50) kadın, yaş ortalamasının 60 olduğu görüldü. Tüm hastalardaki sigara içme oranı 1312 (%59.6) iken içmeyenlerin oranı 889 (%40.6) idi. Çalışmaya alınan tüm hastalarda görülen en sık 5 kanser türü sırasıyla şu şekildeydi; akciğer kanseri 469 (%21.3), meme kanseri 447 (%20.3), kolorektal kanser 373 (%16.9), mide kanseri 193 (%8.8), over kanseriydi. 70 (%3.2). Kadınlarda en sık 5 kanser türü; meme 443 (%40.3), kolorektal 153 (%13.9), akciğer 81 (%7.4), mide 75 (%6.8), over 70 kanseriydi (%6.4). Erkeklerde görülen en sık 5 kanser türü ise; akciğer 388 (%35.2), kolorektal 220 (%20), mide 118 (%10.7), prostat 58 (%5.3), pankreas 35(%3.2) kanseri idi.SONUÇ: Çalışmamızda Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Onkoloji polikliniğine kanser tanısıyla başvuran hastalarda kanser türleri, sıklığı, metastaz oranları ve diğer özellikler bakımında ülkemiz ve dünya verileri ile benzer oranlar izlenmiştir.
PROSTAT KANSERİNDE PELVİK YOĞUNLUK AYARLI RADYASYON TEDAVİSİ VE EŞ ZAMANLI EK DOZ TEDAVİ PLANLAMALARINDA DOZİMETRİK PARAMETRELERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: İnal Aysun , Duman Evrim
Published: April 2021

AMAÇ: Çalışmada, pelvik radyoterapi ve prostata eşzamanlı ek doz (SIB) uygulanmış prostat kanserli hastalarda, konformal radyoterapi (3BKRT) çalışması temel alınarak, 3 farklı Yoğunluk Ayarlı Radyasyon Tedavisi (IMRT) tedavi tekniğine ait iki farklı Uygunluk indeksi (CI), Kritik Organ Skorlama İndeksi (COSI), Tümör Kontrol Olasılığı (TCP) ve Normal Dolu Komplikasyon Olasılığı (NTCP) hesaplamaları ile Doz Volüm Histogramları (DVH) parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Kliniğimizde tedavi görmüş 5 prostat kanserli hasta için tedavi planlama sisteminde 3BKRT ve farklı IMRT tekniklerinde toplam 20 plan yapılmıştır. Planların değerlendirilmesinde; tüm planlanan hedef hacimler (PTV) için Homojenite İndeksi (HI), Ortalama Doz (Dort), TCP ve iki farklı CI değeri hesaplanmıştır Rektum, mesane, ince barsak ve femur başı için DVH verileri, NTCP ve COSI hesaplamaları yapılmış ve değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Normal doku için reçete edilen dozun yarısını alan hacim (V40Gy) ile %90’nı alan hacim (V72Gy) değerlendirilmiştir.BULGULAR: PTV2 ve PTV3 için RTOGCI değerleri 3BKRT için IMRT teknikleri ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel anlamlı olarak 1’e daha yakın bulunmuştur (sırasıyla, P = 0.007 ve P=0.008). PADDICKCI, PTV1 ve PTV2 ortalama değerleri, 3BKRT planlarının IMRT planlarından önemli ölçüde daha kötü olduğunu ortaya koydu (sırasıyla, P = 0.011 ve P=0.009). PTV1 için, CI değerlendirmesine göre 9IMRT planı daha iyi iken, TCP değerlendirmesinde sonuç 7IMRT planı lehine bulunmuştur. Mesane ve rektum için en iyi plan 7IMRT bulunmuştur. İnce barsak için 195 cc hacmin aldığı doz 3BKRT’de en az iyi iken, NTCP ve COSI değerlendirmesinde sonuç 5IMRT lehine bulunmuştur. Normal doku için reçete edilen dozun yarısını alan en düşük hacim hem DVH hem de COSI değerlendirmesinde 7IMRT için bulunmuştur (sırasıyla; %5.7 ve 0.62).SONUÇ: Çalışmada, RTOGCIPTV1 için en iyi tekniğin 3BKRT olarak bulunması değerlendirmede hataya yol açmaktadır. Bu da çoklu PTV tanımlamalarında bu indeksin gerçekle bağdaşmadığını göstermektedir. Diğer bir indeks olan PADDICKCI, hem PTV hem de PTV yakınlarındaki organları dikkate alır. Fakat bu indeks, SIB planlarının değerlendirmesinde ayrıca bir denkleme gerek duymaktadır. Bu nedenle, TCP ve NTCP radyobiyolojik değerlendirme parametrelerini, birden fazla plan arasından uygulanabilir olanını seçmek için önemli araçlar olarak görüyor ve kullanılmasını öneriyoruz.
DOES PRETREATMENT NEUTROPHIL‑LYMPHOCYTE RATIO AND PLATELET-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO HAVE A THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS IN RECURRENT AND/OR METASTATIC GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES?
Authors: Yetmen Dogan Ozlem , Eren Makbule
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effect of pre-treatment neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on gynecological malignancies that applied radiotherapy and /or radiochemotherapy was investigated.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data obtained from 82 patients who applied to our clinic between 2009- 2014 and developed recurrence and/or metastasis during their routine follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Pre-treatment whole blood parameters of all patients were examined, and their effects on survival were analyzed by Kaplan Meier and the ROC curve.RESULTS: The median age was 57.5 (30-82), follow-up was 26 months. According to the blood values median WBC: 7.34, RBC: 4.33, hb: 11.7, hct: 36.4, MCV: 85.8, MCH: 27.6, MCHC: 32.1, plt: 270050, lymphocyte: 1,66, neutrophils: 4.79, monocytes: 0.56, eosinophils: 0.11, basophils: 0.1.Statistically; according to the ROC analysis, the boundary PLR value was 174 and the NLR value was 2.06. Overall survival rates were 2 and 3 years 78% , 57% . In univariate analysis the pre-treatment blood values; WBC > 7.34 (p = 0.01), the platelet value > 270050 (p = 0.021) and the absolute neutrophil value > 4.79 (p = 0.04) found to have a negative effect on survival. At the end of the ROC analysis, the NLR ratio was found to be above 2.06, adversely affecting survival (p = 0.005), but the PLR rate did not affect survival.CONCLUSIONS: In the future, the treatment method of patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer can be determined with a very simple and inexpensive blood test. High NLR before treatment can be used as a parameter indicating a more aggressive treatment approach may be required in patients.
DİYABETİK HASTALARDA İLAÇ DIŞI BİTKİSEL ÜRÜN VEYA DİĞER YÖNTEMLERİN KULLANIMI
Authors: Ergün Uğur , Ürk Ahmet , Kırık Ali , Uysal Ayşe , Eroğlu Mustafa
Published: April 2021

AMAÇ: Tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde insanların tamamlayıcı ve alternatif tıp yöntemlerine ilgileri gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Genellikle bitkisel ürünler ve gıda takviyeleri hastalar tarafından en çok kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Bu ürünlerin kullanımı diyabet hastalarında da çok sık tercih edilmektedir. Bu hastalarda bitkisel ürünler veya diğer yöntemlerin kullanımı morbidite ve mortalite açısından risk oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışma diyabetik hastalarda kullanılan bitkisel ürün, gıda takviyesi veya diğer yöntemleri, hangi sıklıkla kullandıkları ve yan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışma, Şubat 2020 - Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında Balıkesir Üniversitesi Hastanesi İç Hastalıkları Polikliniği ile Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Polikliniğine başvuran, 18 ile 90 yaş arasında görüşmeyi kabul eden diyabetes mellitus tanılı ve takipli 569 hastada yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile yapılmıştır.BULGULAR: Çalışmamıza katılan diyabet hastaların 233 (%40,9)’ü erkek; 336 (%59,1)’i kadındı. Çalışmamıza katılan Diabetes Mellitus (DM) hastalarının hastalıklarına yönelik herhangi bir ilaç dışı bitkisel ürün veya diğer yöntem kullanıp kullanmadığı sorgulandığında 366 (%64,3)‘sı bitkisel ürün veya diğer yöntemleri kullanmadığını belirtirken, 203 (%35,7)‘ü kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bitkisel ürün veya diğer yöntemleri kullanan hastaların çoğunluğu 174 (%85,7)’ü gıda takviyelerini kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Gıda takviyesi kullananlar ise en sık tarçın (%60,2) ve limon (%11,4) gibi gıdaları kullanmışlardır. Hastaların 156 (%76,8)’sı kullandığı bitkisel ürün veya diğer yöntemler hakkında doktoruna bilgi vermediğini söylemişlerdir. Kullananların sadece %3’ünde yan etki görülmüştür.SONUÇ: Diyabet tanılı hastaların önemli bir kısmı ilaç dışı bitkisel ürün, gıda takviyesi veya diğer yöntemleri kullanmaktadır. Katılımcıların çoğu kullanmış oldukları yöntemler hakkında hekimine bilgi vermediği görülmüştür. Bu durum istenmeyen sonuçlara neden olabilir. Bu yüzden hekimlerin anamnez kısmında ilaç sorgulama açısından dikkatli olmalıdır.
Comparative immediate effect of different yoga asana on cardiac autonomic rhythm in healthy young volunteers
Authors: Khandelwal Ekta , Rathore Mrithunjay , Singh Bhagwant
Published: April 2021

Modulation of cardiac autonomic tone is a topic of current interest in research because of its association with several cardiovascular autonomic diseases of public health importance. Yoga has proven benefit in balancing the cardiac autonomic tone. This study aimed to explore the intricate mind body mechanisms with special reference to the immediate effect of Padahastasana (PD) and Ardha Chakrasana (AD) on cardiac autonomic nervous system and to quantify the cardiovascular ANS response to different yogic asana.

This was a Cross Sectional Study, conducted in autonomic function lab, of department of physiology, AII India Institute of Medical science, Raipur, India. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed on 30 experienced yoga practitioners (EYP) with the average age of 32.9±9.71 year. All participants were healthy. Padahastasana and Ardhachakrasana were used as an intervention to evaluate heart rate variability.

The time domain parameters show significantly increased parasympathetic component (SDNN, RMSSD, and SD2) after Padahastasana and Ardha chakrasana though increase is more after Ardha chakrasana. Interestingly sympathovagal balance was lowered after Padahastasana and increased after Ardha Chakrasana, although not statistically significant. This response may be due to a more increase in parasympathetic components after immediate Ardha Chakrasana.

Our study showed the HRV has good specificity and positive predictive value for the quantifying autonomic response of Padahastasana and Ardha chakrasana. Backward bending is superior to forward bending and should be included in lifestyle intervention to reduce stress and anxiety disorder.
Study of variations in the anterior half of the circle of Willis using magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Rajan Merlin Leena
Published: April 2021

The Circle of Willis is a cerebral arterial anastomosis uniting the internal carotid artery with the vertebro-basilar system. It has ten components namely- the two anterior cerebral arteries (branches of internal carotid arteries) connected by the anterior communicating artery anteriorly, and the two posterior cerebral arteries (branches of basilar artery) connected to the internal carotid arteries via the two posterior communicating arteries.

The aim of this study was to study the variations in the formation of the anterior part of the circle of Willis using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), and to review the embryological and clinical perspectives.

The study was conducted over 18 months in the department of Anatomy in collaboration with the department of Radio-diagnosis at Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Tiruvalla. MRA study was performed on 215 images, which were obtained from the electronic database at the Department of Radio-diagnosis. All the circles were further categorized into complete and incomplete, and analyzed with regard to each of the components of the anterior part.

In this study, it was observed that the entire circle was complete in approximately 62.79% of the total, the anterior part being complete in 200 images with 86 of them showing textbook configuration.

The incidences of variations were observed to be higher on the right side than on the left. The most frequent variation was hypoplasia of A1 segment of ACA in the anterior part of the circle of Willis.
Correlation between body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood sugar and blood pressure in young adults
Authors: Basarigidad Tejashwini , C P Ganashree
Published: April 2021

Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of fat in various tissues in the body which causes ill health in the body. The basic cause of obesity is imbalance between calories intake and calories expenditure There is increased intake of calorie rich foods and reduced physical activity due to urbanization all over the world.

Body mass index is simple formula to classify obesity in adults. It is defined as person’s weight in kilograms divided by height in meter squares (m).

Obesity and elevated BMI are the major causes for development of chronic diseases like stroke, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular disorders.

BMI and waist hip ratio are the modifiable risk factors of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. This study was undertaken to assess the relationship between BMI, waist hip ratio, Random blood sugar and blood pressure.

This study comprises 45 males and 55 females (100 in total) young adults aged between 18 to 30 years. The design for this study was cross-sectional survey. Ethical approval was taken from ethical committee of BMCH, Chitradurga. BMI, Blood pressure, Waist hip ratio and random blood sugar levels are measured from the subjects.

A total of 100 subjects are examined. Among them 45 males are males and 55 females. The mean age of the subjects was 25 years. Among them, 30 were overweight and 17 were obese while, 4 were underweight. The mean BMI was 26.72±3.45 Kg/m. The mean WHR was 0.92±0.12. Among the participants 63 had abnormally high WHR (>0.95 in males and > 0.80 in females). Mean RBS was 95.43±19.54 mg/dl.

Both diastolic and systolic blood pressures increased significantly with increased BMI status and abnormally elevated WHR than in participants with normal WHR. RBS was also significantly higher in those with elevated WHR than in those with normal WHR.

Raised BMI and abnormally elevated waist hip ratio are positively correlated with random blood sugar levels and blood pressure in Young adults. Therefore young population all over world are at risk of developing chronic diseases like hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer, stroke and other cardiovascular diseases later in their life. Therefore BMI and waist hip ratio should be routinely checked and monitored in young population to prevent future development of chronic diseases; 2: There is need for promotion of a healthy life style, regular exercise, healthy nutrition, stress free life in young population.
A study of the incidence of Metopism in adult skulls of Nellore district of south coastal Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sucharitha T M , Phanindra S V
Published: April 2021

Metopic suture is present between two halves of the frontal bone of the Skull of infants and children. By about 6-8 years, it disappears; the persistence of metopic suture is called Metopism.

To study the incidence of Metopic suture in adult skulls of Nellore South coastal District of Andhra Pradesh.

A study was conducted to observe the incidence of Metopic suture in adult skulls of Nellore south coastal district of Andhra Pradesh. For this purpose, 82 Skulls belonging to the Departments Anatomy and Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of Narayana Medical College, Nellore, are observed.

Two out of 82 skulls showed Metopism.

The incidence of Metopism in the present study is 2.4% and is compared to similar studies.
Cadaveric study of an accessory lobe of liver and its clinical significance
Authors: Sawant S P , Rizvi Shaheen
Published: April 2021

The complexity of liver function and its importance to life has encouraged many anatomists to study the morphological features of the liver in great detail. Despite recent technological advances like CT, MRI and USG, detailed study of the cadaveric liver can still contribute to identification of important anatomical variations.

The liver can present a number of congenital anomalies. More common among them are the irregularities of the shape and the number of lobules. The less common variations include the presence of accessory lobes or accessory livers. The accessory lobes may be attached to the liver through a mesentery or a bridge of the hepatic tissue and they are usually asymptomatic. An accessory liver lobe is a very rare occurrence and when it exists, it becomes clinically important because of its rarity.

A study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy of K. J. Somaiya Medical College in which 50 liver from donated embalmed cadavers were examined for the presence of accessory lobe. Only cadavers, whose clinical history excluded liver diseases, were used for the study.

10% specimens showed accessory lobe. All are present on the under surface of liver.

Among the less common abnormalities, are the formations of accessory lobes. Accessory lobes may carry the risk of torsion.

Knowledge of the presence of a small accessory lobe of the liver near the porta hepatis is useful for surgeons and radiologists in diagnosing, surgical planning and avoiding iatrogenic injuries of the accessory lobe.
A comparative study on pulmonary function tests in smokers & nonsmokers
Authors: Dutt Shishir , Gogia Taruna , Gupta Manisha
Published: April 2021

Cigarette smoking leads to development of cancers, cardiovascular, respiratory diseases including COPD. It poses a health challenge in reducing morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. Spirometry in smokers may show reduction in lung function parameters.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare level institute in Greater Noida on 100 smokers and 100 Nonsmokers total 200 healthy asymptomatic male subjects. Spirometry by RMS Helios spirometer 401 was conducted according to American Thoracic society guidelines after enrolling the subject based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected data was analysed with epi info 7 software using appropriate statistical methods.

Smokers and Nonsmokers were not much different in mean age and other physical parameters. Pulmonary function parameters like FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF are significantly less in Smokers as compared to Nonsmokers. With increasing smoking index (duration in years x number of cigarettes smoked per day) heavy smokers showed greater decline in lung function FVC and FEV1 like they showed with increasing age.

All the lung function test parameters showa significant decline in asymptomatic Smokers as compared to Nonsmokers. Therefore, by conducting spirometry, especially in smokers, cases may be detected at early stage and subsequent morbidity may be lessened.
Prevalence and determinants of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: M N Arpith , Narayan Vandana
Published: April 2021

: Diabetic neuropathy is a common disorder and is defined as signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve dysfunction in a patient with diabetes mellitus in whom other causes of peripheral nerve dysfunction have been excluded. The incidence of diabetic neuropathy is not well-known but in a study from south India 19.1% type 2 diabetic patients had peripheral neuropathy.

: To study the prevalence and identify relevant determinants of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 18 months to 3 years.

All the patients attending camp in my clinic, mysuru from Jan 2020 to March 2020, 150 patients having diabetes were selected randomly, including both males and females of age group 35-50 years. The average duration of diabetes mellitus was 18 months to 3 years. They were categorized as neuropathy group and non-neuropathy group. All the patients were assessed for control of glycaemia by checking fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, blood pressure levels and Michigan neuropathy screening test were also compared.

: The study found that known cases of diabetic mellitus had early signs of peripheral neuropathy. Hence it is recommended to test the signs of peripheral neuropathy in early cases of diabetes mellitus as well, to decrease the overall morbidity in the patients.
Study on learning styles of first year medical students attending CBME curriculum at a medical college of Bihar
Authors: Kiran Chandra , Madhu Nimisha , Prasad Rajendra , Kumari Suman , Singh Ramanuj , Lal Prabhat Kumar
Published: April 2021

Students vary in their preference of learning styles. CBME has provided opportunity to introduce new learning techniques. Students are also exposed to basics of adult education. Assessment of learning styles using VARK has been widely adopted.

The present study was conducted to recognize the learning styles of first year medical students attending anatomy classes as per CBME curriculum in a medical college of Bihar.

The present study was cross-sectional in nature conducted upon 118 first year medical students attending anatomy classes as per CBME curriculum. Self administered VARK questionnaire was given to the students. Data was analyzed and inferences were drawn.

Mean age of the students was 17.9 years. Multimodal style of learning was universally preferred. 89% preferred quadrimodal, 9% trimodal and 2% bimodal styles. Visual style was preferred by 89%, Auditory as well as Read/ write style each by 95.8% and Kinesthetic style by 93.2%.

Students must be aware of their preferences of learning styles. Teachers must also be oriented towards the same to provide choices of learning methods to the students to increase learning outcomes.
The effect of smoking on the cardiovascular autonomic functions tests
Authors: Basarigidad Tejashwini , C P Ganashree
Published: April 2021

Tobacco smoking is one of the major causes of preventable morbidity and mortality all over world. Smoking affects the cardiovascular system by several mechanisms. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the cardiovascular autonomic functions among smokers.

This study comprises 50 male subjects aged between 20 to 30 years, who included 25 smokers who formed cases and 25 non-smokers who formed the control groups were selected for this study. The design for this study is cross-sectional survey. The subjects were from patients who attended medicine OPD. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are followed in selecting participants. 1: Prior informed written consents were obtained from them after explaining to them, the procedure and the purpose of the study tests; 2. Ethical approval was taken from ethical committee of BMCH, Chitradurga.

The cardiovascular autonomic function tests were assessed by using a CANWIN AUTONOMIC ANALYSER which was available in the department.

In our study, it was observed that there was significant difference between the mean values of the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non-smokers (i.e. p<0.01) The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Expiration: Inspiration Ratio, the 30:15 Ratio (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non-smokers.

In this study, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non-smokers (i.e. p<0.01).

The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased in case of smokers as compared to non-smokers due to increased sympathetic activity due to release of catecholamines. The Expiration: Inspiration Ratio, 30:15 Ratio (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non-smokers due to derangement in parasympathetic activity.

In sustained handgrip test, rise in blood pressure is decreased in smokers as compared to non-smokers due to reduced sympathetic activity.
Desafíos para la salud colectiva en el siglo XXI
Authors: Paim Jairnilson Silva
Published: April 2021

La oportunidad brindada por la colección Cuadernos del ISCo de publicar esta edición en acceso abierto permite revisitar ciertos desafíos. El desarrollo del sistema de salud brasileño, la gestión de la atención primaria, la reorganización de las prácticas epidemiológicas en el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y la formación en salud colectiva acumulan, actualmente, resultados positivos, a pesar del subfinanciamiento crónico, el avance de la privatización y el predominio del modelo médico hegemónico. Los textos publicados aquí discuten políticas públicas y movimientos ideológicos que han influenciado el campo social de la salud. En esa perspectiva, la salud colectiva representa una apuesta a nuevos supuestos, métodos y prácticas sociales, en vez de contentarse con hacer las cosas de la misma manera, como ha ocurrido con la salud pública convencional. Proyectos, sueños, ingenio, trabajo y arte trascienden la producción de bienes y la prestación de servicios de salud. Pueden conformar movimientos contrahegemónicos capaces de constituir sujetos públicos comprometidos con nuevos modos de vida. Estos son los motivos que impulsaron la creación de este libro. Jairnilson Silva Paim (Fragmentos de la Presentación)
Gamificação na área de Tecnologia da Informação de uma indústria metalomecânica: um estudo de caso
Authors: Miri Daniel Hank , Dos Santos Josiane Guimarães , Matte Juliana , Chais Cassiane , Olea Pelayo Munhoz
Published: April 2021

Gamificação é o uso das características dos jogos em atividades que não têm como foco o entretenimento. Fazem parte de uma ferramenta de gamificação a motivação e o engajamento, aspectos que podem ser explorados no ambiente de trabalho. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar como a gamificação na área de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) de uma indústria metalomecânica promove a motivação e o engajamento no ambiente de trabalho. Para isso, adotou-se uma metodologia qualitativa e exploratória, com a aplicação de seis entrevistassemiestruturadas, além da coleta de documentos e da realização de um relatório de observação direta. Em seguida, empregou-se o software NVivo 11® na triangulação dos dados e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam que as atividades eram realizadas de forma individual, o que incentivava a competitividade entre os colegas da área, e que a gamificação propiciou um resultado satisfatório na motivação e no engajamento dos funcionários no ambiente de trabalho. Conclui-se, assim, que a gestão da área de TI deve estar atenta ao aperfeiçoamento de regras, recompensas e feedbacks e que o desenvolvimento e a gestão da área podem buscar novas possibilidades de atividades e de uso dos elementos da gamificação.
A dinâmica da diversidade geracional nas organizações: estudo multicasos
Authors: Colet Daniela Siqueira , Mozzato Anelise Rebelato
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a dinâmica da diversidade geracional nas organizações. Para atender ao objetivo, realizou-se uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, do tipo multicasos e com abordagemqualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, história de vida, grupo focal e observação não participante, abrangendo vinte e cinco participantes de duas empresas de grande porte do setor de alimentos e metalmecânico. Com a triangulação, os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo, com apoio do programa de análise em pesquisa qualitativa NVivo®10. A dinâmica geracional nas organizações estudadas evidenciou que há um bom relacionamento, comunicação e aprendizagem entre as gerações, entretanto,não se negam os possíveis conflitos que naturalmente podem acontecer entre os trabalhadores independentemente de geração. As evidências empíricas também demonstram que a geração dos trabalhadores não interfere tanto no comportamento e que este depende do comprometimento, do perfi l comportamental, da classe social, da idade, dosciclos de vida, das motivações e escolhas pessoais, bem como das histórias de vida e contexto cultural de cada um. Portanto, conclui-se que o importante é a adoção de uma análise relacional que tenha como foco a co-construção e a complementaridade do convívio multigeracional nas organizações.
Professores de História e suas representações sociais sobre o ensino da Educação Patrimonial
Authors: Andrade Wesley Faria
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica, tendo como objetivo identificar quais elementos formam as estruturas das representações sociais dos professores de História a respeito da temática da Educação Patrimonial. Para tanto, adotou-se como referencial teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais segundo as sistematizações de Serge Moscovici. Além disso, a exploração do campo ocorreu a partir da aplicação de um questionário misto.
Propostas pedagógicas para alunos com deficiência intelectual e múltipla: análises de cenas do cotidiano escolar
Authors: Pletsch Márcia Denise , Gomes de Souza da Rocha Maíra , Corrêa Pitanga de Oliveira Mariana
Published: April 2021

Este texto sistematiza resultados de pesquisas qualitativas realizadas em diferentes redes de ensino da Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, sobre os processos educativos oferecidos para sujeitos com deficiência intelectual e múltipla. Para a coleta de dados, foram empregados diferentes procedimentos como registro em diário de campo a partir de observações e de filmagens de cenas de sala de aula; análise de documentos escolares, como relatórios pedagógicos e avaliativos; assim como entrevistas abertas e semiestruturadas com professores do Atendimento Educacional Especializado e de turmas do ensino comum. A perspectiva histórico-cultural de Vigotski foi utilizada como base para a análise dos dados. Os resultados evidenciaram, entre outros, os avanços no acesso aos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem a partir das políticas de educação inclusiva, assim como apontaram para as possibilidades e os desafios a serem enfrentados pelos sistemas de ensino para garantir a escolarização desses sujeitos. Além disso, a maior contribuição destas pesquisas foi evidenciar caminhos possíveis de escolarização e de desenvolvimento desses alunos em turmas comuns de ensino.
Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Functions of Sr(La1-xLnx)2WO7 Compounds Doped with Samarium and Europium
Authors: Sadyrbekov D. T. , Bissengaliyeva M. R. , Gogol D. B. , Bekturganov N. S. , Taimassova S. T.
Published: April 2021

Samples based on strontium, lanthanum and tungsten with the general formula of Sr(La1-xLnx)2WO7 doped with samarium and europium at 1 and 3 at.% were synthesized by the solid-phase method at temperatures up to 1200 °C. The crystal structure of the samples was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction. A full-profile refinement of the structure of compounds related to monoclinic syngony with the space group P1121/b was performed. The admixture phase is a compound of the Sr3Ln2W2O12 type with a trigonal system and space group R3-C. Based on the results of structure refinement, the ratio of the main compound and the admixture phase in the samples was determined to introduce corrections during measurements. Using adiabatic calorimetry we measured the heat capacity of the samples and found the thermodynamic functions of main compounds over the range of 5‒320 K. Anomalies were detected in the heat capacity of the samples below 15 K, and we calculated the excess and lattice heat capacity for these anomalies by means of linearization methods.
Powder Composition Structurization of the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) System upon Mechanical Activation and Subsequent Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Ye. A. , Skakov М. K. , Kurbanbekov Sh. R. , Mukhamedov N. M. , Mukhamedov N. Ye.
Published: April 2021

The results of a study of the microstructure evolution of pre-mechanically activated elementary powders based on the Ti-25Al-25Nb (at.%) compositions differing in the particle size of the aluminum (Al) component are presented. It was found that during the mechanical activation, most of the Al was dissolved in the Ti and Nb lattices by interpenetration with the formation of solid solutions (Ti, Al) and (Nb, Al). It has been established that an increase in temperature to 1400 °C, when sintering powder materials based on the Ti-Al-Nb system, leads to a sharp increase in the temperature of Al particles, as a result of the melting of which it is impossible to control the phase formation, which ultimately leads to the difficulty of obtaining the required product. It was determined that in the process of spark-plasma sintering of mechanically activated compositions, intermetallic compounds are formed based on phases ‒ α2, B2 and O, and with an increase in the sintering temperature, their morphology and distribution in the alloy volume change.
Efficacy of Topical Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss after Laminectomy and Posterolateral Fusion of the Spine: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shakeri Moslem , Valaie Mansour , Mirzaei Farhad , Hariri Ramyar , Jangholi Ehsan , Aeinfar Kamkar
Published: April 2021

Background: Multi-level spine surgeries are associated with high bleeding during and after surgery. A majority of studies have previously evaluated the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing bleeding with a focus on intravenous (IV) administration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical TXA in decreasing bleeding after laminectomy and spinal fusion.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 patients were enrolled from January 2017 to January 2019. The patients were eligible for laminectomy (2 or more levels) and posterolateral fusion with a pedicle screw. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; single-dose TXA (1 g/50 ml) and normal saline. Intergroup comparison was performed for the amount of bleeding during and after surgery, received packed cells, and the number of hospitalization days.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.51 ± 10.27 years, and 50 of them were women. 18 and 20 patients in control and TXA groups had intraoperative bleeding more than 400 ml, respectively (P ˃ 0.05). The only significant difference was observed in the first and second 12 hours, and total bleeding after surgery in patients who had bleeding above 400 ml (P = 0.011, P = 0.039, P = 0.015, respectively).
Conclusion: The application of topical TXA was effective in patients with high amount of hemorrhage during spine surgery for reducing the bleeding rate in the first and second 12 hours, as well as the mean total bleeding rate after surgery. It had no significant effect on total intraoperative hemorrhage, total packed cells, and total hospitalization length.
Reamer Breakage during Intramedullary Nailing in Tibial Shaft Fractures: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kazemi Mahlisha , Sharafi Mohammadhasan , Shayan-Moghadam Ramin
Published: April 2021

Background: Interlocked intramedullary nailing is the most common treatment for closed tibial fractures. Reaming is a fundamental step in this surgical technique, and reamer breakage is a rare yet challenging complication during this operation.
Case Report: A 34-year old male with a tibial shaft fracture was admitted for early closed tibial nailing. During the reaming process, the reamer broke and stuck in the medulla at the isthmus level. We extracted the broken piece by back hammering a cannulated T-handle placed on the ball tip guide pin.
Conclusion: In this closed and quick method, we did not use any extra device other than standard equipment of intramedullary nailing.
Principios educativos ocio humanista en los programas de formación permanente de adultos de las universidades españolas
Authors: Amigo Fernández de Arroyabe María Luisa , Lázaro Fernández Yolanda , Moreno Navarro Iñaki
Published: April 2021

La formación permanente de adultos es una preocupación de las universidades españolas desde hace treinta años. El objeto de este trabajo se concreta en analizar los principios educativos de las propuestas que las Universidades españolas ofertan a las personas adultas o mayores. La metodología utilizada ha consistido en un análisis de contenido de los documentos sintetizados públicamente en la información mostrada en la página web de cada centro, tomando como marco las universidades dela Asociación Estatalde Programas Universitarios para mayores (AEPUM). Se ha realizado una interpretación hermenéutica de los planteamientos de los Programas Universitarios para Mayores, tratando de leerlos desde la teoría del ocio. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica de los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan el modelo de formación como ocio y de los estudios existentes sobre los programas de mayores. Los aspectos novedosos de este análisis resaltan que las ofertas formativas de estos programas han tratado de contribuir a la educación a lo largo de la vida de sus estudiantes. El análisis de los principios desde la teoría del ocio apunta a la necesidad de reforzar la importancia de la satisfacción como meta de la formación en los adultos y precisar el concepto de autotelismo para favorecer una formación como ocio.
Automobila: desafio sozio-teknikoa
Authors: Eizagirre Andoni
Published: April 2021

Automobilaren sistema osagai fisikoek, teknikoek eta humanoek osatzen dute. Baina sistema heldutasun egoera batera iritsita, osagaien arteko simetria galdu egiten da. Automobilak traiektoria, autonomia eta bulkada zehatza hartu ditu, osagaien malgutasuna galdu da, eta agente humanoen askatasun-gradua murriztu da. Azken hamarkadetan mugikortasun motorizatuaren egonkortzea gertatu da. Gainera, bizitza estiloak, ingurune soziala eta lurraldearen antolaketa ere automobilaren beharretara moldatu dira. Artikulu honetan mugikortasun motorizatuak Gipuzkoan izan duen bilakaera egiaztatuko da, eta ikuspegi sozio-teknikoarekin konprometituz, bilakaera esplikatu eta garraio jasangarri baterako iradokizunak egingo dira.