bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat release rate and emissions regimes of stratified pilot-ignited direct-injection natural gas combustion
Authors: Rochussen Jeremy , McTaggart-Cowan Gordon , Kirchen Patrick
Published: September 2021

Natural gas (NG) is an attractive fuel for heavy-duty internal combustion engines because of its potential for reduced CO2, particulate, and NOX emissions and lower cost of ownership. Pilot-ignited direct-injected NG (PIDING) combustion uses a small pilot injection of diesel to ignite a main direct injection of NG. Recent studies have demonstrated that increased NG premixing is a viable strategy to increase PIDING indicated efficiency and further reduce particulate and CO emissions while maintaining low CH4 emissions. However, it is unclear how the combustion strategies relate to one another, or where they fit within the continuum of NG stratification. The objective of this work is to present a systematic evaluation of pilot combustion, NG combustion, and emissions behavior of stratified-premixed PIDING combustion modes that span from fully-premixed to non-premixed conditions. A sweep of the relative injection timing, [Formula: see text], of NG and pilot diesel was performed in a heavy-duty PIDING engine with [Formula: see text] = 140–220 bar, [Formula: see text] = 0.47–0.71, and a constant NG energy fraction of 94%. Apparent heat release rate and emissions analyses identified interactions between the pilot fuel and NG, and qualitatively characterized the impact of NG stratification on combustion and emissions. Changes in the [Formula: see text] resulted in six distinct PIDING combustion regimes, for all considered injection pressures and equivalence ratios: (i) RIT-insensitive premixed, (ii) stratified-premixed (early-cycle injection), (iii) NG jet impingement transition, (iv) stratified-premixed (late-cycle injection), (v) variable premixed fraction, and (vi) minimally-premixed. Parametric definitions for the bounds of each regime of combustion were valid for the wide range of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] investigated, and are expected to be relevant for other PIDING engines, as previously identified regimes agree with those identified here. This conceptual framework encompasses and validates the findings of previous stratified PIDING investigations, including optimal ranges of operation that provide significantly increased efficiency and lower emissions of incomplete combustion products.
Developing student capacity to produce digital scholarship in the humanities
Authors: Schrum Kelly
Published: September 2021

Despite the increased use of technology in higher education classrooms, we need a better understanding of pedagogical strategies that improve student ability to produce quality scholarly digital content in the humanities. This research was designed to examine student learning through scholarly digital storytelling, a technology-enhanced assessment. The researcher collected data during and after an interdisciplinary, graduate scholarly digital storytelling course, including student work, student reflections, and individual interviews, to examine experiences at key points throughout the learning process. The results indicate that this pedagogical approach, when carefully scaffolded alongside formative feedback and ongoing student support, can increase student capacity—including digital agency, problem-solving skills, and digital knowledge production skills—to produce scholarly digital work in the humanities. Students can also learn to understand the interplay between disciplinary learning and digital skills and the ways in which both are essential for scholarly communication within and beyond the classroom.
Inter-galactic pedagogy, pedagogy inter-galactic: The first entries of the pedagogica intergalactica!
Authors: Gibbons Andrew , Cabral Marta , Moffett Chris
Published: September 2021

This article features the beginnings of the first volume of an encyclopaedia dedicated to the discussion of inter-galactic pedagogical matters. There is much to learn about within and before these times of inter-galactic change and so there is much to consider for those interested in, and committed to, thinking the pedagogical. PEDAGOGICA INTERGALACTICA takes up the task of curating speculations on pedagogy in a galactic context. The entries are included for their role in intersecting concerns with and questions about pedagogies and galaxies. This compilation is presented as a work-in-progress. Entries were selected according to their availability at the time of publication, but given the scope of the research, much information will be available with increases in inter-galactic pedagogues and, at the same time, with pedagogical inter-galactic exploration. While each entry can be understood to take up a speculation on the radical, the seemingly impossible, and the typically unimaginable, each entry can also be understood, and questioned, in the sense of an already is, or at least a very likely could-be.
Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein Injuries: Operative Strategies and Outcomes
Authors: Melmer Patrick D. , Clatterbuck Brant , Parker Virginia , Castater Christine A. , Klingensmith Nathan J. , Ramos Christopher R. , Busby Stephanie , Hurst Stuart D. , Koganti Deepika , Williams Keneesha N. , Grant April A. , Smith Randi N. , Benarroch-Gampel Jaime , Dente Christopher J. , Rajani Ravi R. , Todd Samual R. , Sciarretta Jason D.
Published: September 2021

Traumatic injuries to the mesenteric vessels are rare and often lethal. Visceral vessels, such as the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and vein (SMV), supply blood to the small and large bowel by a rich system of collaterals. Because fewer than 100 such injuries have been described in the literature, they pose challenges in both diagnosis and management and can unfortunately result in high mortality rates. Prompt diagnosis, surgical intervention, and resuscitation can lead to improved outcomes. Here, we review the literature surrounding traumatic injuries of the SMA/SMV and discuss management strategies.
Becoming a Gamer: Performative Construction of Gendered Gamer Identities
Authors: Kivijärvi Marke , Katila Saija
Published: September 2021

This article examines how women construct their gameplay identities in relation to the hegemonic “gamer” discourse. The article is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with women who occupy central roles in the Finnish gaming industry. We deploy Judith Butler’s theorization of performative identity construction to examine how the women negotiate their identity in relation to the hegemonic gamer discourse, focusing on how they both embrace and resist the hegemonic, masculine constructions of gameplay. The study shows the dynamics surrounding the gamer identity. While women submit to the hegemonic gamer discourse, reproducing the masculine gamer notions to gain recognition as a viable member of the gameplay community, the study also identifies how subversive opportunities arise as the women deploy new, alternative versions of gamer identity. The hegemonic discourse is subverted through the identity position of tech-savvy, which departs from the masculine connotations.
Alternative Tendon Coaptations to the Pulvertaft Weave Technique: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Biomechanical Studies
Authors: Graham Emily M. , Oliver Jeremie D. , Hendrycks Russell , Maglic Dino , Mendenhall Shaun D.
Published: September 2021

Background

The Pulvertaft weave technique (PT) is frequently used during tendon repairs and transfers. However, this technique is associated with limitations. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on in vitro, biomechanical studies that compared the PT with alternative techniques.

Methods

Articles included for qualitative and/or qualitative analysis were identified following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies included in the meta-analysis were analyzed either as continuous data with inverse variance and random effects or as dichotomous data using a Mantel-Haenszel analysis assuming random effects to calculate an odds ratio.

Results

A comprehensive electronic search yielded 8 studies meeting inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Two studies with a total of 65 tendon coaptations demonstrated no significant difference in strength between the PT and traditional side-to-side (STS) techniques ( P = .92). Two studies with a total of 43 tendon coaptations showed that the STS with 1 weave has a higher yield strength than the PT ( P = .03). Two studies with a total of 62 tendon repairs demonstrated no significant difference in strength between the PT and the step-cut (SC) techniques ( P = .70). The final 2 studies included 46 tendon repairs and demonstrated that the wrap around (WA) technique has a higher yield strength than the PT ( P < .001).

Conclusions

The STS, SC, and WA techniques are preferred for improving tendon form. The STS and WA techniques have superior yield strengths than the PT, and the SC technique withstands similar stress to failure as the PT.
The impact of pre-existing blood pressure control in patients with acute aortic dissections
Authors: Reed Amy B , Faizer Rumi , James Valentine R.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Arterial hypertension (HTN) is considered a seminal risk factor for aortic dissection (AD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether pre-existing blood pressure (BP) control lessens the extent of dissection and has a favorable impact on outcome of patients with acute AD.

Methods

Consecutive acute AD patients who had at least two BPs recorded within the 12 months preceding the AD were retrospectively analyzed. The two most recent BPs were averaged and defined per published guidelines as normal (BP≤ 130/80), Stage I HTN (BP >130/80 and <139/89), or Stage 2 or greater HTN (BP > 140/90). The number of hypertensive medications (MEDs) was also used as a surrogate marker of HTN severity. Patients with known genetic causes of AD were excluded.

Results

89 subjects (55% men, 45% women; mean age, 64±14 years) with acute AD (58% Stanford type A and 42% Stanford type B) were included. Two most recent BPs were recorded a mean of 5±3 and 3±2.7 months before the AD, respectively. Twenty-nine (33%) subjects had normal BP, including nine subjects with no history of HTN and on no MEDs. Sixty (67%) subjects had elevated BP, including 21 (35%) with Stage I HTN and 39 (65%) with Stage 2 HTN. Compared to subjects with normal BP, subjects with Stage 1 and Stage 2 HTN were younger (70±13 years vs 62±1 year, p = 0.01), but there were no differences in other demographics, risk factors, comorbidities, or history of drug use. There were no group differences in the distal extent of the dissections, complications requiring thoracic endograft repair, mean length of hospital stay, final discharge status, or 30-day mortality. Compared to the number of MEDs before AD, all three groups had a higher mean number of MEDs to achieve normal BP at discharge that persisted at a mean follow-up of 18±15 months.

Conclusions

These data show that approximately one-third of patients with acute AD had well controlled or no antecedent history of HTN. The degree of pre-existing HTN control had no bearing on the type or extent of AD, length of stay, or early outcome. Regardless of the state of HTN control before AD, the consistent and sustained increase in the severity of HTN after AD suggests that the dissection process has a profound and lasting effect on BP regulation. Further studies are indicated to elucidate the pathologic mechanisms involved in AD.
Resisting corruption in the Nigerian legislature: A critical discourse analysis of news and opinion articles on legislators’ salaries
Authors: Chiluwa Innocent
Published: September 2021

This study analyses news reports of public reactions to the controversial legislators’ monthly/annual income in Nigeria in 2019, which was presumed to far exceed the salaries of legislators worldwide. Data for this study are news and opinion articles published between 2017 and 2019 that represent public response to the salary scandal involving public officers and National Assembly members. Critical discourse analysis is adopted in the analyses of media representations of the main actors in and situations of the scandal. Hence, discursive strategies identified in the resistance discourse of the news media are qualitatively analysed. The study argues that lack of accountability and widespread corruption in the Nigerian political economy is a reflection of weak political institutions, such as those that empower legislators to enrich themselves.
Right ventricular function is associated with 28-day mortality in myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Lashin Hazem , Olusanya Olusegun , Bhattacharyya Sanjeev
Published: September 2021

Background

Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly being recognised as an important factor influencing outcomes in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). In this study, we investigated RV echocardiographic parameters’ association with 28-day mortality in patients admitted to intensive care with STEMI complicated by CS with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF).

Method

We performed a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in a single tertiary cardiac centre over a 34-month period with STEMI complicated by CS and LVEF < 40%. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected and correlated with 28-day mortality.

Results

One-hundred patients were included with a mean age of 62.6 ±12.7 years and 78% were male. Mortality at 28 days was 37%. Respectively, 85%, 40% and 25% of patients required mechanical ventilation, mechanical circulatory support and renal replacement therapy. Tricuspid annulus peak systolic velocity (RV S’) was significantly higher in survivors (12 ± 3.3 v 10 ± 3.5 cm/s, p = 0.03) and was an independent predictor of mortality (odds ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–1.4, p = 0.04). RV S’ of 10.5 cm/s exhibited best sensitivity and specificity (64% and 65%, respectively; p = 0.02) for mortality. The Kaplan–Meier curve demonstrated 85% risk of 28-day mortality for RV S’ < 10.5 cm/s v 53% for RV S’ > 10.5 cm/s ( p = 0.02).

Conclusion

RV function is associated 28-day mortality in patients admitted to ICU with STEMI complicated by CS with reduced LVEF. RV S’ predicted mortality with good sensitivity and specificity.
Travail de care des travailleuses de la santé en situation de pandémie de COVID-19 : quel engagement de la part des autorités gouvernementales?
Authors: McCready Geneviève , Lajeunesse-Mousseau Marie-Ève , Lapalme Josée , Harrisson Sandra
Published: September 2021

La COVID-19 a pressé les gouvernements à intervenir à l’aide de données partielles sur l’efficacité des moyens. Les femmes sont particulièrement touchées car elles sont plus nombreuses à s’occuper des autres. Cette étude a pour but de comprendre l’influence des décisions politiques sur les conditions de vie et de travail des travailleuses de la santé. Une analyse des interventions gouvernementales de santé publique du Québec et des revendications des travailleuses de la santé retrouvées dans les documents journalistiques et les communiqués de presse officiels du gouvernement (13 avril au 1er juillet 2020) a été effectuée. Les résultats démontrent le manque de reconnaissance des autorités face à certains types de care, ainsi qu’une inadéquation dans les moyens de prise en charge pour prendre soin de la population. Le peu de reconnaissance des conditions de vie et de travail lors de décisions politiques engendre une répartition inéquitable des fardeaux associés à la pandémie.
A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Approach to Investigate the Anticoronavirus-Induced Diseases Effect of Yinqiao Powder Combined With Modified Sangju Decoction
Authors: Wang Tian-Shun , Wu Xing-Pan , Jian Qiu-Yuan , Yang Yan-Fang , He-Zhen Wu
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) once caused great harm in China, but now it is the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has become a huge threat to global health, which raises urgent demand for developing effective treatment strategies to avoid the recurrence of tragedies. Yinqiao powder, combined with modified Sangju decoction (YPCMSD), has been clinically proven to have a good therapeutic effect on COVID-19 in China. This study aimed to analyze the common mechanism of YPCMSD in the treatment of SARS and COVID-19 through network pharmacology and molecular docking and further explore the potential application value of YPCMSD in the treatment of coronavirus infections. Firstly, the active components were collected from the literature and Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database platform. The COVID-19 and SARS associated targets of the active components were forecasted by the SwissTargetPrediction database and GeneCards. A protein–protein-interaction network was drawn and the core targets were obtained by selecting the targets larger than the average degree. By importing the core targets into database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery, enrichment analysis of gene ontology, and construction of a Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway was conducted. Cytoscape 3.6.1 software was used to construct a “components–targets–pathways” network. Active components were selected to dock with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) 3CL and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through Discovery Studio 2016 software. A network of “components–targets–pathways” was successfully constructed, with key targets involving mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, caspase-3 (CASP3), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin 6. Major metabolic pathways affected were those in cancer, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The core components, such as arctiin, scopolin, linarin, and isovitexin, showed a strong binding ability with SARS-COV-2 3CL and ACE2. We predicted that the mechanism of action of this prescription in the treatment of COVID-19 and SARS might be associated with multicomponents that bind to SARS-COV-2 3CL and ACE2, thereby regulating targets that coexpressed with them and pathways related to inflammation and the immune system.
A New Cytotoxic Evodiamine Derivative From Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley
Authors: Qin Jing , Kang Da-Wei , Zhang Xue-mei , Mo Li-ling , Zhang Ying-dong , He Jiang-bo
Published: September 2021

1-Hydroxymethyl goshuyuamide II (1), a new derivative of evodiamine with a quinazolinocarboline skeleton, along with nine known evodiamine derivatives were isolated from the dried and nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley using several different chromatographic separations. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Putative biosynthetic pathways toward 1 are proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 and 4 to 10 exhibited cytotoxic activity against six human tumor lines, and compounds 4 and 7 to 10 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against nitric oxide production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells.
Co-creating Possible Futures of Light, Beyond Lighting. A Hybrid Approach: Format Design, Preliminary Findings, and Reflexive Learnings From a Foresight Practice, Based on a Creative Industry Event Series
Authors: Bevolo Marco , Rosenius Tapio
Published: September 2021

The research context for this article is a specific lighting industry professional event, focusing on the possible future of light across the dimensions of body, object (both human-scale and building), and metropolis. Light becomes the theme to generate visions and insights about longer term developments from personal, social, and business viewpoints. The event was designed as a location-specific format for the multi-awarded Silo 486, Helsinki, by Lighting Design Collective. The format is inspired by Brian Eno’s 1970s “Oblique Strategies,” therefore an approach derived from fine arts and popular culture, within the constructivist episteme. The specific target of this event is thought leaders and/or the next generation of architectural, design, and creative industry leaders, with an invitation list of 15–20, selected according to the “Elite Club” open innovation principle (Verganti et al., 2008). The event was held three times, from 2014 through 2016, during the Helsinki Design Week, as integral part of its program. The authors were main initiator and moderator of the event, as they designed the format in 2014.
‘Preventing people from risking their lives at sea’: Forced migration and the securitization of asylum seekers in Australia
Authors: Ibekwe Sixtus Obioma
Published: September 2021

There has been a tremendous increase in the treatment of asylum seekers as security threats following the 9/11 attack. Australia represents an example of a country that perceives asylum seekers as a threat to the national sovereignty of the country, and this has further exacerbated a new dimension in the securitization of asylum seekers in the country. This securitization has culminated in a range of border security programmes, and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB) represents the most recent of these. This article interrogates the OSB policy from the point of view of the rationale for its implementation. The article identifies that, contrary to the mission of the OSB, the detention of asylum seekers and the turn-back operations represent the variants of risks that asylum seekers are subjected to. The article therefore calls for a more accommodating approach in the treatment of asylum seekers in Australia.
Culturally Foreign Teachers’ Perceptions of School Climate and Its Relationship to Their Self-Efficacy
Authors: Almessabi Ameera
Published: September 2021

This correlational study focuses on the influence of teacher-perceived school climate on the self-efficacy of teachers working in a culturally foreign environment. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory guides the study. Teachers who work in private and public schools in Abu Dhabi participated in the study. Teachers were surveyed using the School Climate Index to collect information about their perceptions of their school climate and the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale was used to gather information about their self-efficacy. The study found that there is a positive correlation between the overall school climate and teachers’ self-efficacy as well as between three dimensions of school climate (collegial leadership, teacher professionalism, and community engagement) and teachers’ self-efficacy. The results also found that outcome of teachers’ self-efficacy, which is the dependent variable, can be predicted by the overall school climate. However, only collegial leadership and teacher professionalism were significant predictors for teacher self-efficacy in a multiple regression analysis. It can also be noted that despite being added to the predictive model, the impact of community engagement and academic press is not statistically significant. Implications of the study for enhancing self-efficacy among culturally foreign teachers are discussed.
Comparative Analysis of Non-Full and Full Endoscopic Spine Technique via Interlaminar Approach for the Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Retrospective, Single Institute, Propensity Score-Matched Study
Authors: Jiang Qiang , Ding Yu , Lu Zhengcao , Cui Hongpeng , Zhang Jianjun , Fu Bensheng , Du Wei , Cao Shiqi
Published: September 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective study.

Objective:

To compare the clinical efficacy of posterior lumbar laminectomy decompression under full endoscopic technique (Endo-LOVE) and percutaneous endoscopic medial foraminal decompression (PE-MFD) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).

Methods:

Between April 2017 and April 2018, 96 patients with DLSS underwent Endo-LOVE or PE-MFD, including 58 with Endo-LOVE and 38 with PE-MFD. After propensity score matching (PSM), patient characteristics, operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, postoperative bedridden time, hospital stay and postoperative complications were recorded and compared. The clinical efficacy was evaluated according to Oswestry disability index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS), lumbar disease JOA and modified MacNab criteria.

Results:

A total of 96 patients with DLSS were included in the study. After PSM, the 2 groups were comparable in patient demographic and baseline characteristics. The operation time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times in PE-MFD group were significantly more than those in Endo-LOVE group ( P < .05). The operation time in PE-MFD group was significantly less than that in Endo-LOVE group ( P < .05). The intraoperative fluoroscopy times in PE-MFD group were significantly more than that in Endo-LOVE group ( P < .05). The ODI, VAS and lumbar disease JOA in the 2 groups were significantly improved comparing with those before operation ( P < .05). According to the modified MacNab criteria, the excellent and good rates of the 2 groups were 93.5% in Endo-LOVE group and 87.1% in PE-MFD group ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Endo-LOVE and PE-MFD technique can both effectively treat DLSS, and the short-term follow-up results are positive. Endo-LOVE technique has the advantages of fast puncture positioning, less radiation exposure and wider indications. However, PE-MFD needs more radiation exposure and has the possibility of incomplete decompression for complex multiplanar spinal stenosis.
The Impact of Implementing a Radiation-Sparing Protocol for Percutaneous Kyphoplasty—A Prospective Dosemetric Study
Authors: Klingler Jan-Helge , Hubbe Ulrich , Scholz Christoph , Volz Florian , Roelz Roland , Beck Jürgen , Watzlawick Ralf , Brönner Johannes , Hoedlmoser Herbert , Krüger Marie T. , Hohenhaus Marc , Naseri Yashar
Published: September 2021

Study Design:

Prospective cohort study.

Objectives:

The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate a protocol for radiation-sparing kyphoplasty by assessing dosemetrically recorded radiation exposures to both patient and surgeon.

Methods:

This prospective clinical study examines the radiation exposure to patient and surgeon during single-level kyphoplasty in 32 thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral body fractures (12 OF 2, 9 OF 3, 11 OF 4 types) using a radiation aware surgical protocol between May 2017 and November 2019. The radiation exposure was measured at different locations using film, eye lens and ring dosemeters. Dose values are reported under consideration of lower detection limits of each dosemeter type.

Results:

A high proportion of dosemeter readings was below the lower detection limits, especially for the surgeon (>90%). Radiation exposure to the surgeon was highest at the unprotected thyroid gland (0.053 ± 0.047 mSv), however only slightly above the lower detection limit of dosemeters (0.044 mSv). Radiation exposure to the patient was highest at the chest (0.349 ± 0.414 mSv) and the gonad (0.186 ± 0.262 mSv). Fluoroscopy time, dose area product and number of fluoroscopic images were 46.0 ± 17.9 sec, 124 ± 109 cGy×cm2, and 35 ± 13 per kyphoplasty, respectively. Back pain significantly improved from 6.8 ± 1.6 to 2.5 ± 1.7 on the numeric rating scale on the first postoperative day ( P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

The implementation of a strict intraoperative radiation protection protocol allows for safely performed kyphoplasty with ultra-low radiation exposure for the patient and surgeon without exceeding the annual occupational dose limits.

Trial registration:

The study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00011908, registration date 16/05/2017).
Who Needs Surgical Stabilization for Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis? Retrospective Analysis of Non-Surgically Treated Patients
Authors: Blecher Ronen , Frieler Sven , Qutteineh Bilal , Pierre Clifford A. , Yilmaz Emre , Ishak Basem , Glinski Alexander Von , Oskouian Rod J. , Kramer Moti , Drexler Michael , Chapman Jens R.
Published: September 2021

Study Design:

Retrospective case series analysis.

Objective:

To identify relevant clinical and radiographic markers for patients presenting with infectious spondylo-discitis associated with spinal instability directly related to the infectious process.

Methods:

We evaluated patients presenting with de-novo intervertebral discitis or vertebral osteomyelitis /discitis (VOD) who initiated non-surgical treatment. Patients who failed conservative treatment and required stabilization surgery within 90 days were defined as “ failed treatment group” (FTG). Patients who experienced an uneventful course served as controls and were labeled as “ nonsurgical group” (NSG). A wide array of baseline clinical and radiographic parameters was retrieved and compared between 2 groups.

Results:

Overall 35 patients had initiated non-surgical treatment for VOD. 25 patients had an uneventful course (NSG), while 10 patients failed conservative treatment (“FTG”) within 90 days. Factors found to be associated with poorer outcome were intra-venous drug abuse (IVDA) as well as the presence of fever upon initial presentation. Radiographically, involvement of the same-level facets and the extent of caudal and rostral VB involvement in both MRI and CT were found to be significantly associated with poorer clinical and radiographic outcome.

Conclusions:

We show that clinical factors such as IVDA status and fever as well as the extent of osseous and posterior element involvement may prove to be helpful in favoring surgical treatment early on in the management of spinal infections.
Disparities in Disruptions to Postsecondary Education Plans During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Ran
Published: September 2021

This study examines disruptions to postsecondary education plans in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using nationally representative data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey from August 2020 through March 2021, we investigate the prevalence, forms, reasons, and disparities of education disruption across different sociodemographic groups. While nearly three in four households report education plan disruption, the forms and reasons are drastically different. Black and Latinx respondents are more likely to report plan cancellation, while Whites are more likely to report taking classes in different formats. Non-White groups are more likely to cancel plans due to health or financial concerns, while Whites are more likely to cancel plans due to concerns about changes to campus life. Results also reveal nuanced intersections of race, type of education plans, and household vulnerability in affecting education disruption, pointing to the necessity of well-targeted initiatives to address long-term consequences and resulting inequality.
How do the institutions matter for MNE subsidiaries’ CSR in host countries? Evidence from Chinese overseas subsidiaries
Authors: Lee Jeoung Yul , Choi Jiyul , Xiao Shufeng (Simon) , Lew Yong Kyu , Park Byung Il
Published: September 2021

Based on the institutional perspective, this article examines whether institutional pressures in home and host countries affect multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and whether the institutional distance between home and host countries moderates these relationships. We collect data from 185 Chinese MNEs’ 349 foreign subsidiaries operating in 27 host countries and conduct a cross-classified multilevel model analysis of the data. The findings indicate that institutional pressures in home and host countries significantly affect the CSR practices of the MNE subsidiaries operating in host countries. Also, we find that the formal and informal institutional distances between the home and host countries exert different interaction effects on these CSR practices. The findings from this study offer useful implications for MNEs’ social strategies for sustainability.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: G38, L16, M16, Q17
Strategies Adopted by Novice Nurse Educators to Facilitate Their Transition From Practice to Academia: A Qualitative Study in Ghana
Authors: Laari Timothy Tienbia , Apiribu Felix , Gazari Timothy , Akor Moses Haruna , Mensah Adwoa Bemah Boamah , Atanuriba Gideon Awenabisa , Kuunibe Joseph Kuufaakang , Amooba Philemon Adoliwine
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The successful transition of nurses from clinical practice to academia is essential to the training of a proficient future nursing workforce. However, deprived of requisite support and guidance, novice nurse educators often find the transition from bedside nursing practice to the classroom challenging and hence, adopt some coping strategies to facilitate their transition. Yet, little is known about the strategies adopted by Ghanaian novice nurse educators to facilitate their transition.

Objective

This study explored the strategies adopted by novice nurse educators to facilitate their transition from practice to academia in three nursing training colleges in Ghana.

Methods

This study adopted a descriptive qualitative study design. The study used a purposive sampling technique to recruit 12 novice nurse educators. Data were generated through individual in-depth interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed manually through thematic analysis.

Results

Novice nurse educators adopted a wide range of strategies to facilitate their transition from practice to academia. Four major themes emerged: (1) seeking support from peers, (2) attending workshops and conferences, (3) relying on performance appraisal and feedback, and (4) applying past clinical nursing knowledge.

Conclusion

The strategies adopted to facilitate the transition were mostly self-inspired and informal, which calls for more formal and evidence-based strategies to facilitate the transition process. College authorities must create, or adopt and modify faculty mentorship models to mentor novice nurse educators, develop and implement college-specific orientation programmes for novice nurse educators, and implement regular online tutor appraisals by students.
The Subaltern Voice in Sree Moolam Praja Sabha
Authors: Greeshmam Greeshma
Published: September 2021

Sree Moolam Thirunaal Rama Varma, the ruling Maharaja of the Indian state of Travancore, instituted Sree Moolam Praja Sabha, also known as Sree Moolam Popular Assembly on 1 October 1904. The representatives of Sree Moolam Praja Sabha were selected from every section of society to address their grievances. Sree Moolam Sabha mainly consisted of landlords, merchants and their representatives.

Those days, then existing social customs prevented the lower-caste people or the subaltern communities from participating in the Sree Moolam Praja Sabha. In the initial phase, there were representatives from each religion and caste, except the subaltern groups. Later, the Diwan attempted to include Dalits and other minority communities in the process of policy formulation as well as providing them with an essential role in their community development. Mahakavi Kumaran Asan, one of the triumvirate poets of modern Kerala was the nominated member of Sree Moolam Sabha, and he was one of the disciples of Sree Narayana Guru.

Ayyankali was nominated to Sree Moolam Popular Assembly in 1912 because of his popularity among subaltern communities in the Thiruvithamkoore Kingdom. He had a record of being a nominated member in a legislative assembly for a consequtive period of 27 years, from 1912 to 1939, even before Independence. Ayyankali was the first Dalit representative who was nominatedto India’s first state (legislative) assembly, especially during the pre-independence period.
Pain Levels and Injuries by Sonographic Specialty: A Research Study
Authors: Hogan Amanda
Published: September 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to determine whether there was a difference in reported pain and perceived pain levels in different sonography specialties.

Materials and Methods:

An online survey was sent to 28 302 sonographers by the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonography (ARDMS). Sonographers had to be registered and located within the United States to meet inclusion criteria.

Results:

There were 7993 sonographers who completed the questionnaire. The percentage of sonographers who reported scanning in pain across all specialties was 66.25%, with an average pain level of 4.0. The highest pain and injury levels were reported in the cardiac, vascular, and obstetrics/gynecology specialties. Sonographers scanning greater than 18 scans per day or greater than 30 minutes had the highest levels of perceived pain.

Conclusion:

According to these study results, reported pain in sonographers is decreasing. Certain specialties within sonography are more prone to injury and higher pain levels.
Posttranslational modification and beyond: interplay between histone deacetylase 6 and heat-shock protein 90
Authors: Liu Ping , Xiao Ji , Wang Yiliang , Song Xiaowei , Huang Lianzhou , Ren Zhe , Kitazato Kaio , Wang Yifei
Published: September 2021

Posttranslational modification (PTM) and regulation of protein stability are crucial to various biological processes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a unique histone deacetylase with two functional catalytic domains (DD1 and DD2) and a ZnF-UBP domain (ubiquitin binding domain, BUZ), regulates a number of biological processes, including gene expression, cell motility, immune response, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to the deacetylation of histones, other nonhistone proteins have been identified as substrates for HDAC6. Hsp90, a molecular chaperone that is a critical modulator of cell signaling, is one of the lysine deacetylase substrates of HDAC6. Intriguingly, as one of the best-characterized regulators of Hsp90 acetylation, HDAC6 is the client protein of Hsp90. In addition to regulating Hsp90 at the post-translational modification level, HDAC6 also regulates Hsp90 at the gene transcription level. HDAC6 mainly regulates the Hsp90-HSF1 complex through the ZnF-UBP domain, thereby promoting the HSF1 entry into the nucleus and activating gene transcription. The mutual interaction between HDAC6 and Hsp90 plays an important role in the regulation of protein stability, cell migration, apoptosis and other functions. Plenty of of studies have indicated that blocking HDAC6/Hsp90 has a vital regulatory role in multifarious diseases, mainly in cancers. Therefore, developing inhibitors or drugs against HDAC6/Hsp90 becomes a promising development direction. Herein, we review the current knowledge on molecular regulatory mechanisms based on the interaction of HDAC6 and Hsp90 and inhibition of HDAC6 and/or Hsp90 in oncogenesis and progression, antiviral and immune-related diseases and other vital biological processes.
Effects of physical exercise on working memory in older adults: a systematic and meta-analytic review
Authors: Zhidong Cai , Wang Xing , Yin Jilin , Song Dehai , Chen Zhitong
Published: September 2021

Background

This systematic and meta-analytic review aimed to investigate the effects of physical exercise on the working memory of older adults, and to identify the moderators of these effects.

Methods

We searched six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the effects of physical exercise on working memory that were published before or on May 15, 2020. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Stata 14.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias testing.

Results

A total of 28 studies and 2156 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was fair to excellent, and there was no publication bias. Overall, we found that physical exercise had a significant effect on working memory in older adults (standardized mean difference = 0.30, p < 0.0001). The effects of physical exercise on working memory were moderated by exercise frequency, intensity, type, duration, cognitive status, and control subgroup (active/passive), but not by intervention period or age of participant.

Conclusion

Physical exercise can effectively improve the working memory of older adults. The recommended physical exercise is multi-component exercise or mind–body exercise of moderate intensity for 45–60 min 3 times a week, for more than 6 months.
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Potassium Deficiency During Sarocladium oryzae Infection Reveal Insights into Rice Sheath Rot Disease Resistance
Authors: Zhang Jianglin , Lu Zhifeng , Ren Tao , Cong Rihuan , Lu Jianwei , Li Xiaokun
Published: September 2021

Rice sheath rot disease caused by Sarocladium oryzae (S. oryzae) infection is an emerging disease, and infection can cause yield losses of 20–85%. Adequate potassium (K) application is a feasible strategy for rice tolerance to S. oryzae infection. However, little is known about the metabolic mechanisms regulated by K that allow rice to cope better with S. oryzae infection. The present study performed a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of rice with different K nutrition statuses before and upon S. oryzae infection. Sarocladium oryzae infection triggered a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) burst, and K starvation aggravated the accumulation of H2O2 in the flag leaf sheath (FLS), which resulted in lipid peroxidation. Likewise, K deficiency altered the lipid homeostasis of the host plants by hyperaccumulation of 1-alkyl-2-acylglycerophosphoethanolamine. K starvation decreased the content of glycoglycerolipids including monogalactosyldiacyglycerol and digalactosyldoacylglycerol during S. oryzae infection, which destroyed the stability of bilayer membranes. In contrast, sufficient K supply increased antioxidant-related transcript expression (for example, the genes related to glutathione-S-transferase biosynthesis were upregulated), which activated the antioxidant systems. Additionally, upon S. oryzae infection, K starvation amplified the negative impacts of S. oryzae infection on flag leaf photosynthetic potential. These results provide new insight into the role of K in alleviating S. oryzae infection. Adequate K supply decreased the negative impacts of sheath rot disease on rice growth by alleviating lipid peroxidation and maintaining lipid homeostasis.
Varicella-zoster virus reactivation causing herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination – report of three cases
Authors: Papasavvas Ioannis , de Courten Christian , Herbort Carl P.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

We are reporting 3 patients who presented acute zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), an activation of varicella-zoster virus, after mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, seen directly or referred to our center.

Cases

A 73-year-old woman with history of ocular sarcoidosis presented HZO in the right V1 dermatome 16 days after a single booster dose of vaccination (Pfizer BioNTech). A 69-year-old woman presented HZO in her V1 left dermatome, occurring 10 days after her first dose of Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. A 72-year-old woman with no history of autoimmune pathology, candidate for cataract surgery, presented 13 days after the first dose of a Moderna mRNA vaccine with an eruption in the left V1 dermatome. All patients presented the VZV infection after their first dose of a mRNA type of vaccine. Treatment with Valacyclovir 1000 mg × 3/ day for 7–14 days was efficient in all cases.

Conclusion

Vaccines have been reported in the past to trigger different types of side effects such as viral or flu-like symptoms. It is only logical to note many different side effects for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as the population vaccinated is exceeding any other number in history. VZV is one of the more severe side effects that can, however, be treated. It is quite obvious that, as far as mRNA vaccines are concerned, and probably also other anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, that the benefit of vaccination certainly outweighs the possible but very low risk of ocular side effects that can mostly be treated.
Identification of C3H2C3-type RING E3 ubiquitin ligase in grapevine and characterization of drought resistance function of VyRCHC114
Authors: Yu Yihe , Yang Shengdi , Bian Lu , Yu Keke , Meng Xiangxuan , Zhang Guohai , Xu Weirong , Yao Wenkong , Guo Dalong
Published: September 2021

Background

RING is one of the largest E3 ubiquitin ligase families and C3H2C3 type is the largest subfamily of RING, which plays an important role in plant growth and development, and growth and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Results

A total of 143 RING C3H2C3-type genes (RCHCs) were discovered from the grapevine genome and separated into groups (I-XI) according to their phylogenetic analysis, and these genes named according to their positions on chromosomes. Gene replication analysis showed that tandem duplications play a predominant role in the expansion of VvRCHCs family together. Structural analysis showed that most VvRCHCs (67.13 %) had no more than 2 introns, while genes clustered together based on phylogenetic trees had similar motifs and evolutionarily conserved structures. Cis-acting element analysis showed the diversity of VvRCHCs regulation. The expression profiles of eight DEGs in RNA-Seq after drought stress were like the results of qRT-PCR analysis. In vitro ubiquitin experiment showed that VyRCHC114 had E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, overexpression of VyRCHC114 in Arabidopsis improved drought tolerance. Moreover, the transgenic plant survival rate increased by 30 %, accompanied by electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and the activities of SOD, POD, APX and CAT were changed. The quantitative expression of AtCOR15a, AtRD29A, AtERD15 and AtP5CS1 showed that they participated in the response to drought stress may be regulated by the expression of VyRCHC114.

Conclusions

This study provides valuable new information for the evolution of grapevine RCHCs and its relevance for studying the functional characteristics of grapevine VyRCHC114 genes under drought stress.
Dexmedetomidine-induced hemodynamic instability in patients undergoing orthopedic upper limb surgery under brachial plexus block: a retrospective study
Authors: Doo A Ram , Lee Hyungseok , Baek Seon Ju , Lee Jeongwoo
Published: September 2021

Background

Hemodynamic instability is a frequent adverse effect following administration of dexmedetomidine (DMED). In this study, we evaluated the incidence of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability and its predictive factors in clinical regional anesthesia practice.

Methods

One hundred sixteen patients who underwent orthopedic upper limb surgery under brachial plexus block with intravenous DMED administration were retrospectively identified. The primary outcome was the incidence of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability. The participants were allocated to a stable or unstable group by their hemodynamic instability status. Patients’ characteristics were compared between the groups. The relationship between the potential risk factors and development of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability was analyzed with a logistic regression model.

Results

DMED-induced hemodynamic instability was observed in 14.7% of patients (17/116). The unstable group had more women than the stable group (76.5% vs. 39.4%, P = 0.010). When patients were classified into four subgroup according to body mass index (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity), there was significant difference in the composition of the subgroups in the two groups (P = 0.008). In univariate analysis, female sex, obesity, and pre-existing hypertension were significant predictors of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that female sex (adjusted OR 3.86, CI 1.09; 13.59, P = 0.036) and obesity (adjusted OR 6.41, CI 1.22; 33.57, P = 0.028) were independent predictors of DMED-induced hemodynamic instability.

Conclusions

Female and obese patients are more likely to have hemodynamic instability following intravenous DMED administration in clinical regional anesthesia practice. This study suggests that DMED dose may be diminished to prevent hypotensive risk in these populations.

Trial registration

This article was retrospectively registered at WHO clinical trial registry platform (Trial number: KCT0005977).