bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tradisi Lokal dalam Membangun Rumah dan Religiositas Masyarakat Perdesaan di Cirebon
Authors: Romansyah Ade
Published: January 2023

Tulisan ini membahas tradisi masyarakat lokal dalam membangun bangunan rumah dan religiusitas masyarakat perdesaan di tengah tradisi tersebut. Lokus penelitian ini terletak di Desa Lebakmekar, Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Kehadiran tradisi lokal dalam membangun rumah di wilayah itu, telah melibatkan para pekerja bangunan sehingga penelitian dalam artikel ini juga akan diarahkan pada bagaimana respons dan religiositas para pekerja bangunan tersebut di tengah kehadiran tradisi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi keserasian antara tradisi leluhur warga Lebakmekar dengan ajaran-ajaran Islam yang mereka anut. Tidak ada tradisi yang mengarah pada perilaku syirik. Semua tradisi dalam membangun rumah memiliki makna yang mendalam, dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai keislaman, seperti sedekah, rasa syukur, dan gotong royong. Hal serupa juga dikerjakan para pekerja bangunan, mereka meyakini sepenuhnya ajaran Islam dan menjalankan setiap ajarannya, sembari tetap meyakini dan menjalankan tradisi adat warga lokal. Tidak ada resistensi antar agama dan tradisi lokal, yang ada keduanya saling berjalan beriringan berkat kebijaksanaan warga Lebakmekar. Penelitian ini menjadi bukti kuat bagaimana budaya lokal dan agama bisa saling berhubungan dengan baik di Indonesia, melalui adaptasi nilai-nilai lokal dalam kehidupan beragama.
Religion and Culture in Social Transformation of Subang North Coast Community
Authors: Maksum Agus , Wibisono M. Yusuf , Miharja Deni
Published: January 2023

The presence of the port certainly impacts the Patimban community, ranging from positive and negative impacts. Furthermore, besides physical effects, psychological consequences must be observed and investigated from religion, culture, environmental change, and social transformation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the views of the Patimban community on the north coast of Subang in interpreting the dimensions of belief, the sizes of experience, the dimensions of social consequences, and resistance and accommodation to social change in Islam and religious practices in a life that is in synergy with culture. The results of this study indicate that the views of the Patimban community on the northern coast of Subang in interpreting resistance and accommodation to social change, in terms of resistance to the peculiarities of social interaction in rural models in Patimban, are gradually fading and changing with the interaction patterns of urban models. However, it is still difficult to let go of identity as a rural community with its various characteristics in specific contexts.
Peran Agama dalam Mengendalikan Dorongan Seksual Kaum Gay di Kota Bandung
Authors: Andini Andini
Published: January 2023

Agama Islam sebagai pedoman kehidupan umat muslim selayaknya dapat diamalkan dan dijadikan acuhan serta pertimbangan dalam memutuskan segala sesuatu. Akan tetapi dalam kasus ini, kaum gay yang beragama Islam melakukan hubungan seksual sesama jenis karena merasa tidak mampu menahan dorongan seksual. Walaupun kaum gay muslim mengetahui bahwa menyukai sesama jenis adalah larangan agama, akan tetapi hal tersebut tidak mampu membuatnya untuk menahan timbulnya dorongan seksual tersebut. Di sisi lain, kaum gay ingin mempertahankan prinsip keyakinannya, sebaliknya kaum gay kesulitan untuk mengendalikan dorongan seksual dalam dirinya. penelitian ini kemudian membahas tentang bagaimana makna agama bagi gay muslim, seksualitas kaum gay muslim dan peran agama dalam mengendalikan dorongan seksual gay muslim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitik dalam bentuk studi kasus terhadap 7 orang gay muslim di Kelurahan Pasirbiru Kecamatan Cibiru Kota Bandung. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara tidak terstruktur dan didukung dengan observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan untuk analisisnya menggunakan teori Miles dan Huberman dalam Creswell. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahw peran agama dalam mengendalikan dorongan seksual kaum gay menunjukkan bahwa dua diantara 7 orang yang menyatakan agama mampu mengendalikan dorongan seksual yang dimiliki, hal tersebut karena adanya penghatan mendalam dan takut akan azab Allah, dan 5 orang menyatakan keraguan karena melihat agama hanya sebatas pelaksanaan kewajiban.
Metode Tafsir Al-Qur’an: Deskripsi atas Metode Tafsir Ijmali
Authors: Akhdiat Akhdiat , Kholiq Abdul
Published: January 2023

Penafsiran Al-Qur’an telah dimulai sejak masa Nabi Muhammad SAW sampai dengan sekarang ini. Suatu produk penafsiran yang muncul dari masa Nabi SAW sampai sekarang tentulah berbeda, baik dari metode maupun kesimpulan yang dihasilkan. Hal itu terjadi karena kebutuhan suatu penafsiran setiap masa selalu berbeda-beda. Di samping itu munculnya anggapan bahwa produk tafsiran lama tidak lagi mampu menjawab tantangan zaman akan setiap permasalahan manusia. Maka karena itu, dari empat metode yang sudah disimpulkan oleh Al-Farmawi, yaitu ijmāli, taḥlīli, muqāran, dan metode mauḍū’i, penulis mencoba untuk membahas metode ijmāli. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk membahas kemunculan tafsir ijmāli, dasar dan urgensi tafsir ijmāli, langkah-langkah tafsir ijmāli dan kelebihan serta kekurangan tafsir ijmāli. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif berbasis library research dengan pendekatan analisis-deskriptif. Berdasarkan metode tersebut, artikel ini menemukan hasil bahwa metode ijmāli muncul pertama kali pada masa Nabi SAW. Tafsir ijmāli adalah metode penafsiran Al-Qur’an dengan penjelasan singkat, global dan tidak panjang lebar. Dan metode ini sangat cocok untuk digunakan bagi pemula dan orang awam dalam memahami Al-Qur’an. Adapun langkah-langkahnya adalah menguraikan ayat secara sistematika Al-Qur’an, menjelaskan secara umum serta makna mufradatnya, berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah bahasa Arab, dan bahasa yang digunakan mengupayakan pemilihan diksi yang mirip dengan lafadz yang digunakan oleh Al-Qur’an. Di samping itu metode ijmāli memiliki kelebihan jelas dan mudah dipahami, terbebas dari penafsiran israiliyat dan dekat dengan bahasa Al-Qur’an. Sedangkan kekurangannya adalah petunjuk Al-Qur’an yang tidak utuh/parsial dan penafsiran dangkal atau tidak menyeluruh.
Hakikat dan Urgensi Metode Tafsir Maudhu’i
Authors: Awadin Adi Pratama , Hidayah Asep Taopik
Published: January 2023

Metode maudhu’i (tematik) dalam penafsiran Al-Qur’an saat ini dipandang sebagai metode tafsir terbaik untuk menjawab tantangan zaman dengan berbagai persoalan yang semakin kompleks. Diantara bukti nyatanya adalah merebaknya karya tulis berupa metode tafsir tematik saat ini, baik yang ditulis secara individual maupun secara berkelompok dalam sebuah tim. Melihat antusiasme yang sangat tinggi terhadap metode tafsir maudhu’i ini, peneliti memandang perlu untuk mengkaji lebih dalam akan hakikat dan urgensi metode tafsir maudhu’i tersebut. Riset ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan metode maudhu’i dari beberapa aspek penting mulai dari historis, dasar dan urgensi, prosedur hingga kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan (library research) dan pendekatan deskriftif-analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara historis pondasi metode maudhu’i ini telah muncul dari zaman Nabi saw, namun secara sitematis digagas pertama kali oleh para peneliti di Universitas Al-Azhar Kairo Mesir di Fakultas Teologi pada abad ke 14 H/20 M. Adapun dasar dan ugensi metode maudhu’i ini adalah bermula pada era Nabi Muhammad Saw untuk menjawab persoalan yang terjadi ketika sahabat bertanya mengenai suatu perkara, Kemudian prosedur yang harus ditempuh pada tafsir tematik ini dimulai dari memilih judul, menentukan ayat, menyusun ayat, mempelajari penafsiran ayat, memahami makna ayat, menyampaikan ide bahasan, memperhatikan metodologi, dan mempunyai tujuan yang jelas. Terdapat banyak kelebihan dari metode maudhui ini diantaranya bersifat praktis, sistematis, dinamis, efektif, efisien, dan dapat menjawab tantangan zaman kontemporer. Adapun kekurangannya yakni membatasi pemahaman ayat dan mempartisi pembahasan ayat yang bersanding dengan tema lainnya.
The Exploitation of Street Children by Parents in Pasir Koja of Bandung City
Authors: Nurfaizi Muhammad Alfi , Iqbal Muhammad , Octavia Vera
Published: January 2023

Street children are a social phenomenon that is often found in various areas in the city of Bandung. Typically children enjoy playing, but they spend most of their time on the streets to earn money, which should have been the duty and obligation of their parents. The qualitative research method describes the problem by collecting data directly through interviews and observation. The purpose of this study is to find out the background and reality of life that street children go through and to find out about the factors that cause them to take to the streets to earn money. The results obtained in the field show that the presence of street children is driven by the exploitation of their children by parents. In reality, parents use their children to make money on the streets of Pasir Koja, either by begging or singing. Basically, the age of these children is still very young, this is what parents take advantage of, because young children will more easily get people's attention to give them money.
Patterns of Middle-Class Communities Adaptation to the Village SDGS Program in Bogor Regency
Authors: Isnaeni Nur Meily , Dulkiah Moh , Wildan Asep Dadan
Published: January 2023

Village is the smallest territorial space in Indonesia with a complex socio-economic problem. For this reason, the village SDGs was born as a micro-based global development agenda expected to realize village development efficiently. This program has the main objective of “No One Left Behind” with 18 main objectives that cover all levels of society. Among the best ideas in the 18 goals, the conclusion is still focused on sustainable village development through eradicating lower-class social issues with upper-class support. Then the question arises, "What is the role of the middle class, and how do they adapt to these 18 goals?". This study uses a mixed explanatory design method and quantitative and qualitative methods. The phenomena that occur are studied and analyzed through sequential techniques to conclude that the adaptation pattern of the middle-class community is distinguished based on their response to the village SDGs program.
Elderly in the Perspective of Minangkabau Nagari Aie Dingin of Solok Regency of West Sumatera Province
Authors: Agus Fitri , Elsera Marisa , Wahyuni Sri
Published: January 2023

Minangkabau people are very well known for their customs which are interesting to know and study. The existence of the Nagari government illustrates how a customary-based governance system governs the Minangkabau community's life. The role of ulayat land explains assets or properties and their benefits for clan members' security. Women's existence and function explain the degree of their role in family and community life. The function and existence of sponsorship for the elderly explains the model and form of sponsorship for the elderly. The purpose of this research is to know the life of the elderly if in the study of Minangkabau Culture in Nagari Aie Dingin of Solok Regency of West Sumatra Province. This study used qualitative methods and descriptive types, data collection was carried out using observation methods, interviews using interview guides and documentation. Data analysis in this study uses the Miles and Huberman model: data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. The findings in this study indicate that with the high level of population aged 60 years and over, many elderly people are still actively working and the communal system is less active. Older women are prioritized over older men in Minangkabau.
Hydrodynamic modelling of microplastics transport in Bach Dang estuary
Authors: Le Duc Cuong , Duong Thanh Nghi , Duong Thi Lim , Nguyen Van Thao , Nguyen Ba Thuy , Du Van Toan
Published: January 2023

In this study, the three-dimensional Delft3D-PART model was applied to study micro-plastics transport in the Bach Dang estuary. Micro-plastics as data input for the model in this study were assessed by taking water samples by 80 μm mesh size plankton net, and sediment samples by Petersen grab. The determination of input parameters for the micro-plastic transport model through averaging the particle characteristics of micro-plastics has been applied. Microplastics results appear in 10 water samples and 10 sediment samples surveyed. The results of micro-plastics in the water body of Bach Dang estuary presented that the regional tidal regime was closely related to the number of micro-plastics according to the season. In the wet season, the number of micro-plastics was around 2–3 nr/m3, spreading stronger than in the dry season.
The assemblage structure of large size sea urchins (Diadematidae) in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Do Hung Dang Viet , Nozawa Yoko , Van Chien Pham , Dinh Do Thinh , Van Quang Pham , Van Hung Tran , Manh Hung Vu , Tran Manh Ha , Nguyen Duc The , Dam Duc Tien
Published: January 2023

The large sea urchins (Diadematidae) are widely distributed worldwide, from temperate to tropical waters. Diadematidae is an important herbivore in the coral reef ecosystem through herbivore-algal-coral interaction, which maintains the reef’s health. Many studies of Diadematidae have been performed around world, but in Vietnam, there is little known about the ecology of this group. Here, we first investigated the assemblage structure of Diadematidae in Northern Vietnam. We observed 43 sites of representative coral reefs in Ba Mun - Co To, Cat Ba - Ha Long, and Hon Me. Based on the surveys, we found four species of considerable size sea urchins, of which the most common species is Diadema setosum (79.8% of the total), Enchinothrix calamaris (10.1%), E. diadema (8.3%), and D. savignyi (1.8%). Among three study regions, Hon Me is the most diverse. In addition, Hon Me also has the highest density of sea urchins. However, this value is generally low compared to that in Southern Vietnam and other neighboring countries. Further study is needed to investigate the ecology and reproductive biology of Diadematidae to provide fundamental information for sustainable exploitation and conservation.
Molecular species of some glycerophospholipid classes of soft coral \(\textit{Sinularia leptoclados}\) collected in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa
Authors: Dang Thi Phuong Ly , Pham Minh Quan , Dang Thi Minh Tuyet , V. Ermolenko Ekaterina , Pham Quoc Long
Published: January 2023

In the soft coral Sinularia leptoclados, 30 molecular species belonged to 4 glycerophospholipid classes, including 8 ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (PE), 13 choline glycerophospholipid (PC), 3 serine glycerophospholipid (PS) and 6 inositol glycerophospholipid (PI) molecular species were identified. PE 18:1e/20:4, PC 18:0e/20:4, PS 18:0e/24:5 and PI 18:0/24:5 are the most abundant species with value of 69.94%, 45.57%, 68.55% and 68.18%, respectively. The PE, PC, and PS classes are reported to contain alkylacylphospholipid; meanwhile, a considerable level of diacylphospholipid is found in PI. A large portion of C20:4n polyunsaturated fatty acid was found in PE and PC; meanwhile, C16, C18, C22, and C24 fatty acids were reported at a minor level. The most dominant polyunsaturated fatty acid in PI and PS is tetracosapolyenoic C24. In the presence of fatty acids specific for the biosynthesis of zooxanthellae18:4n and 22:6n, PC is the most influenced class by the lipid composition of symbiotic microalgae. The PC 16:0e/18:4 and PC 18:1e/22:6 molecular species with recorded content of 1.69% and 8.05% are the evidence for lipid transportation from zooxanthellae to host corals. The PE, PS, and PI classes exhibit the lipid composition of the host coral; also, they are less affected by zooxanthellae lipids.
Biodiversity spongia in the marine waters from Hon Me (Thanh Hoa) to Hai Van - Son Tra (Thua Thien Hue)
Authors: Do Cong Thung
Published: January 2023

The study of Sponge biodiversity in the waters from Hon Me (Thanh Hoa) to Hai Van - Son Tra (Thua Thien Hue) was conducted in 2017, 2018, and 2022 in 5 regions with 43 sampling points. Seventy-four Sponge species belonging to 44 genera, 31 families, 15 orders were identified. Con Co island sampling point offshore Quang Tri is the place where the Sponge species are most diversified and abundant (54 out of 74 species), followed by Hai Van - Son Tra (26 species), rock reefs near Nhat Le, Quang Binh, with 25 species, Hon Me (Thanh Hoa) with 24 species and the lowest species range in the reef area near Vinh Moc, Quang Tri, with 22 species. The Sponges occur at a depth of 3–10 m, with maximum concentration at 5 m depth. The distribution varies based on the nature of the substrate: coral-reef bedrock displays the highest number of species (55); on the original reef-rock substrate 35 species have been counted; on sandy bottom with coral debris, the number of detected species decreases to 23 species. On the dead-coral substrate, there were 20 species detected; on the mixed and and rocky bottom the sponge assemblage is represented by only 12 species, and on mud, sandy mud and fine sand, the species range from from 0 to 4. The biomass varies from 0.9 kg/m2 to 2.5 kg/m2, the highest being on Con Co island, with an average of 2.5 kg/m2 and the lowest in Vinh Moc, Quang Tri Province with 0.9 kg/m2. Sponges proved to be the source of several medicinal components. It is possible to forecast three areas that are likely to become the potential source of medicinal products from sponges in our country: the Con Co medicinal yard, the Hai Van - Son Cha medicinal yard, and the third important marine medicinal yard in the Hon Me archipelago, Thanh Hoa.
Investigation of insecticide residues in potato grown in Türkiye by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS and health risk assessment
Authors: YILMAZ Özlem , BALKAN Tarık
Published: January 2023

Insecticide, acaricide, nematicide and metabolite residues were assayed in 104 potato samples collected from local markets in Tokat, Türkiye in 2022 and the potential health risk for consumers assessed. Analytical method verification was performed for 135 pesticide active substances in potato matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Matrix-matched calibration curves were constructed and good linearity was obtained with a coefficient of determination between 0.990 and 0.999. Average recoveries varied from 73.2 to 119.6%. Repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility conditions of the method expressed as %RSD were less than 20%. These figures were within the SANTE/11312/2021 recovery limits (70-120%) and the values specified for the repeatability (RSD ≤ 20%). The limits of quantification were lower than the maximum residue limits set by the European Union for the potato. No pesticide residues were found at detectable limits in 93 samples. Two samples contained residues below the maximum residue limit (MRL), while nine samples contained residues above the MRLs. Clothianidin and thiamethoxam residues detected in one sample, while acetamiprid were detected in nine samples. The health risk assessment study indicated that potato consumption was safe for consumers.
SAPS ELECTRONIC REGISTER FOR PERPETRATORS OF ABUSE AGAINST WOMEN
Authors: Mahlubandile Ntontela
Published: January 2023

Abuse against women is a severe social problem that needs an effective combat mechanism. Globally, women have been subjected to violence to such an extent that the problem has caught the international community’s attention. In response to the abuse of women, the international community has introduced a legal framework to assist countries in setting up preventative and protective measures to realise women’s rights and make them free from all forms of violence. The instruments introduced by the international community include UN Resolutions, General Recommendations on violence against women and children, and the like. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 guarantees everyone the right to freedom of security, including the right to be free from all forms of violence. While South Africa has made great strides in passing legislation to protect women from violence, the preventative methods have not been effective in combating women abuse. Thus, South Africa needs more preventative mechanisms to protect women, and police at the forefront of implementing those preventative mechanisms. This article investigates mechanisms that the international community has suggested, looks at other countries’ approaches to combating violence against women, and then argues for a process where women have access to information about a potential abuser’s previous criminal history.
THE SEARCH WARRANT PROVISIONS OF THE CYBERCRIMES ACT AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE ACT
Authors: Du Toit Pieter Gerhardus
Published: January 2023

The recently enacted Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 regulates the powers of the police and investigators to investigate cybercrimes. Chapter 4 of the Act provides for the powers of the police and others in respect of search, access or seizure in the investigation of cybercrimes and other offences committed by means of cybertechnology. The provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 will continue to operate in addition to the provisions of the Cybercrimes Act, to the extent that the Criminal Procedure Act is not inconsistent with the Cybercrimes Act. The search and seizure provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act are object-based, as they do not deal explicitly with the specialised procedures that are required to investigate cybercrimes or other offences that involve the use of digital devices. The Cybercrimes Act attempts to address this shortcoming. The coexistence of the search and seizure provisions in these two Acts may cause difficulties in the fight against crime. In addition to the validity requirements of search warrants, as set out in the Acts, additional intelligibility requirements for the validity of search warrants have been developed by the courts.
THE ROLE OF THE COURTS IN THE PUBLIC POLICY DOMAIN IN SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Nyane Hoolo , Mogale Malapane
Published: January 2023

During the pre-democratic constitutional dispensation, South African public law was marked by the pre-eminence of the executive and the legislature in a parliamentary system of government. The courts were generally loath to review matters related to policy. The adoption of the interim and subsequently the final constitutions changed the position by making the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 the supreme law of the country, with separation of powers between the three branches of government. The approach of the courts has changed noticeably from restraint to activism. Their role in reviewing policies has been steadily growing. They are now thrust into the formulation of government or public policy, which traditionally fell within the ambit of the executive branch of government. This new-found role of the courts has led to concerns that the judiciary’s constant interference in the policy domain borders on violating the hallowed principle of separation of powers. The central argument of this article is that the courts’ intervention in the public policy domain, if not handled with caution, has the potential to undermine the principle of separation of powers implicit in the South African Constitution.
ABANDONMENT OF RIGHTS TO MINERALS GRANTED IN TERMS OF THE MINERAL AND PETROLEUM RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT ACT
Authors: Cramer Richard
Published: January 2023

A peculiar feature of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) is the mention of the possibility of abandoning rights granted in terms of its provisions. It has been commented by Van der Schyff that the possibility of abandoning these rights is inconsistent with the Act’s objectives of the MPRDA. In particular, empowering a right-holder to abandon a right granted in terms of the MPRDA fails to take into account that such a right comes with significant responsibilities and obligations. As such, unilateral abandonment should not be possible in terms of the legal framework created by the MPRDA.This article seeks to address this peculiarity in the MPRDA. It considers the legislative context in which such an abandonment (if possible) would operate. The analysis of the possibility of abandoning rights granted in terms of the MPRDA is undertaken in light of theoretical observations in respect of the abandonment of property rights, in particular the seminal article on the subject by Peñalver. The article seeks to answer the question as to whether abandonment, as envisaged by the MPRDA, is possible in the legal framework the Act creates, and outlines the potential consequences thereof for the would-be abandoner.
FETTERING OF PRESIDENTIAL DISCRETION: DID THE PUBLIC PROTECTOR OVERREACH?
Authors: Molefhi S Phorego  , Hendrik J van As
Published: January 2023

The President’s power to establish a commission of inquiry confers a plethora of discretionary powers for the Head of State. In the exercise of this power, the President acts alone, seemingly without the constitutional obligation to consult any public functionary or institution. This creates challenges for the question of accountability that attends the exercise of the power. Following the release of the State Capture Report, the Public Protector found that the President had inter alia outsourced his power to appoint cabinet members to the Gupta family, notwithstanding that he was the only one empowered to exercise the power in terms of the Constitution. Consequently, the Public Protector directed the President to establish a commission of inquiry to probe the allegations further. The President argued that the Public Protector had overreached her powers and trespassed upon his powers as Head of State. In the State Capture judgment, the High Court found that the Public Protector’s direction to the President to establish a commission of inquiry was lawful and binding. This article investigates whether the Public Protector may compel the President to establish a commission of inquiry, and whether such an order does not violate the doctrine of the separation of powers. It also probes the nature and extent of the Public Protector’s investigatory powers, vis-à-vis the President’s discretion in appointing a commission of inquiry. The article argues that the President’s power in the process is too broad and should be curtailed to enhance accountability.
VACCINE MANDATES, DENIALISM AND FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND THOUGHT: EXAMPLES FROM BELGIUM AND BOTSWANA
Authors: Mutsi Phethedi Mleya  , Charles Maimela
Published: January 2023

Vaccine mandates and vaccine denialism appear to be in stark opposition, but closer analysis will reveal that those who propagate both such ideals are rigid. Public buy-in on matters of public health is an important precondition for healthy social environments inasmuch as informed consent is important to individual autonomy, freedom of conscience and democracy. Botswanan case law provides an example of how vaccine denialism can lead to fatal consequences in the face of religious extremism, while Belgian case law provides an example of how vaccine mandates and their accompanying modalities may be held to be unlawful and discriminatory. Both freedom of conscience and administrative action are subject to the rule of law and every norm that is imposed on the population must be accompanied by liability for those propagating such norms if harm is the result. As South Africa has grappled with whether or not it should make vaccination mandatory, lessons have been noted and recommendations made – in line with the Constitution as the supreme law in the land. (Section 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 affirms the supremacy of the Constitution.)
JUDICIAL REVIEW IN SOUTH AFRICA AND INDIA: ADVANCING CONSTITUTIONALISM OR UNDUE ACTIVISM?
Authors: Radley Henrico
Published: January 2023

The Supreme Court of India and the Constitutional Court of South Africa, as apex courts, also function as guardians of the constitutions of each respective country. This article seeks to establish the extent to which judicial review in India and South Africa can be said to be more aligned with constitutionalism or undue activism. An assessment of the aforesaid is determined with regard to the transformative and progressive constitutional interpretation approach adopted by the aforesaid courts which also gives impetus to the living tree doctrine, the role that dignity plays in giving substantive meaning to democracy, ineptitude, and or corruption on the part of the executive precluding the effective realisation of socio-economic rights as well as parliament’s failure to hold members of the executive to account. The extent to which constitutionalism, as opposed to undue activism, has been advanced by the aforesaid courts is demonstrated with reference to specific cases.
The Concept of Genetic Information and Historical Epistemology
Authors: Kuzin Ivan
Published: January 2023

The information concept in molecular biology and genetics has a duality inherent in any canon: on the one hand, now it looks universal, and it is difficult to think of transcending this discourse; on the other hand, historians of science show that one's emergence is culturally contingent and is associated with the “informatization” of science and society during WWII and the Cold War. This kind of duality is analyzed by historical epistemology (critical presentism), trying to understand science, on the one hand, as rational (truth is universal), on the other, as contingent (other possible worlds of scientific knowledge are conceivable). In this article, using the concept of genetic information as an example, it is shown how the first goal of historical epistemology is achieved by criticizing the science of the past with the help of modern science and philosophy of science. The second goal is achieved by criticizing modern science from the point of view of past science. Namely, the rapid rise of the concept of information in biology in the middle of the 20th century and the fast transition from quantitative mathematical information theory to information-linguistic metaphors can be rationally understood within the framework of the teleosemantic concept of information developed in the modern philosophy of biology. On the other hand, delving into the past of biology, we find all the more radical alternatives to the information concept and informational and linguistic metaphors: from the mathematical theory of information to the “chemical” concept of “absolute” specificity as stereospecificity to the “physical” concept of relative specificity as a consequence of collective effects. This historical perspective makes it possible to discern feasible alternatives to the information concept in modern biology.
Political Biology as a Phenomenon of the Post-Genomic Era
Authors: Bazhanov Valentin
Published: January 2023

The main goal of this article is to assess the nature and features of a new scientific field of study making, which is conventional may be called political biology and which is considered “revolutionary” due to overcoming the traditional boundaries between “knowledge about nature” and “knowledge about spirit”. It is shown that the synthesis of key concepts from both biological knowledge and political science is carried out in this scientific field. It overcomes the attitudes of rigid determinism in the form of genocentrism, which opens the post-genomic era. Attention is drawn to the importance of epigenetics, which realizes this overcoming, and means the formation of “epipolitics”. The author emphasizes the complexity of political decision-making, which can be based on the achievements of behavioural epigenetics and the ambiguity of its conclusions in the context of public mood and traditions. The article stresses the need for an in-depth analysis of transgenerational effects caused by psychological trauma, which can have far-reaching consequences for the health of future generations (offspring of parents hurt). Finally, some negative consequences of misinterpreting the results of epigenetic studies and their potentially unjustified implementation due to conditions of un- or weakly regulated market relations are considered.
Non-Classical Canon in ANT/STS: How a Ship Turns Into a Pump?
Authors: Volkova Natalia
Published: January 2023

The article examines the canon as a principle of the formation of the actor-network writing technique and its influence on the formation of the Lancaster School, which exists at the intersection of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Science and Technology Studies (STS). The discussion of the canon is built around the idea of canonical experiments by Robert Boyle, which served as a model for modern experimental science. As an experimental technique, the canon is contrasted with the principle of distinguishing classics of Sociology and classical texts that are part of the university canon. The (un)classical forms of organizing the mobile canon are described in the case studies by John Law and Annemarie Mol of the mobile/movable technologies. Two cases are highlighted for analysis, which are described in John Law's article “Objects and Spaces”: “Portuguese vessel” as “immutable mobile”, which maintains its shape due to movement, and “Zimbabwe pump” as “fluid technology” with a stable core and fluid border of the periphery. The analysis of each of the cases, highlighting their trajectories of movement between different texts, strategies for simplifying the analyzed situations and working with the organization of a research article, allows to describe the mobile ANT/STS canon as a result of overlapping two axes: an empirical/theoretical description and the core of control/controlled periphery. Thus, it is shown how the movable canon acquires a stable core in Law's article “Objects and Spaces” and becomes the basis for the further development of the Lancaster School.
Conceptualization of the Absurd in Philosophy From Logic to Logic of Sense
Authors: Kosilova Elena
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the question of what absurd is. At first, the absurd seems to exist in two forms — semantic and existential. Semantic absurd is a characteristic of a statement, whilst existential absurd is a characteristic of a person's existence. However, the article shows that these are not two different entities but one. In antiquity, absurdity was synonymous with the falsity of a conclusion. In modern philosophy, Husserl, in Logical Investigations, believes that absurd objects cannot be understood. However, Tertullian's line appears already in early Christianity, linking absurd with an act of faith. In the 19th century, Kierkegaard was its representative. IIn the middle of the 20th century, Camus showed that the attitude to life as absurd is an honest view of life without illusions, followed by Nagel. In the 20th century, the absurd appeared in art, where it expanded the boundaries of consciousness. The new philosophy of the absurd takes into account its connection with novelty, creativity, liberation. It breaks established ties and makes the familiar new. Soviet scientist B.F. Porshnev points out that a particular act of thinking, “deabsurdization”, underlies logic. J. Deleuze in Logic of Sense demonstrates that nonsense provides the “gift of meaning”, comprehension always begins with some bewilderment; common sense is unproductive, but nonsense makes thought work. Before Deleuze, the absurd was an anthropological phenomenon, howbeit Deleuze gave it an ontological status. The modern philosophy of the absurd may even turn out to be theology.
Contemporary Russian Poetry in the Period of Intense Events
Authors: Markov Alexander
Published: January 2023

This article examines the impact of being inside the intense development of events on contemporary Russian poetry as a set of institutions of production and consumption of texts. We prove that under this influence of events, not only individual ways of texts' existence are changing, but also the very meaning of media and social contexts of poetry development. Poetry turns out to be an area not so much of comprehending current reality as differentiating the very modes of utterance that represent the actual state of affairs. Therefore, in the period of events, poetry partly returns to the representational principles of the old art, but there also appear new ways of poetry expansion, from illustrated publication to collaborations with intellectuals, commentators or artistic communities, which enable it to operate in the field of public discourse. The following shifts are taking place in Russian poetry now: (1) the rejection of reliance on former resources of relevance for the sake of establishing new infrastructures of social attention; (2) the creation of new forms of justification of poetic expression, different from previous criticism or statements; (3) the problematic action in the political field in differentiating figures of “proper” and “other”; (4) metacriticism of poetics as a figurative text structure, along with implicit indications of the limitations of figurative writing. As a result, in contemporary Russian poetry, the problematization of the other as unpredictable, dangerous, and yet necessary entirely coincides with the latest postcolonial, gender, and social criticism.
Das Verhältnis von Natur und Technik als philosophisches Problem
Authors: Blumenberg Hans
Published: January 2023

Translation of: Blumenberg, H. 2015. “Das Verhältnis von Natur und Technik als philosophisches Problem” [in German]. In Schriften zur Technik, ed. by A. Schmitz and B. Stiegler, 17–29. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
Hermeneutical Ethic of Vladimir Bibikhin (Reading as Event)
Authors: Shestova Evgenia
Published: January 2023

In the article I wish to investigate the particular ethic of reading, considering this kind of ethic as life praxis, which responds in an appropriate manner to the event of reading. Relying on articles of V.V. Bibikhin from his volume Word and Event I examine the characters of event unfolded in reading event. In the reading I realize, that I am not the origin of language, it existed before me. I cannot pretend to be sovereign subject of sense-giving or even understanding, my understanding is finite and non-absolute. I do not rule the event, but have a part in it. The temporality of event is also complicate: it is not absolutely new — it is new, but at the same time it is recognized as familiar. This conception of reading demands a specific manner of action, which I consider in the second part of the article. The hermeneutical ethic does not mean the concrete act or series of acts, but the particular alertness to respond to the request message from the world and to communicate with the world. By living so, I hesitate to have any definite understanding, I do not insist on any meaning, I am ready to recognize the new sense as familiar and accept it as new. Such an alertness opens my readiness to be involved in the world, transmitted by reading, to take a place within it and to perform the transformed world by becoming an actor.
Political “Event” and Law in the Philosophy of Vladimir Bibikhin Ontic Aspect and Superhethic Dimension
Authors: Merzenina Anastasia
Published: January 2023

This article attempts to investigate the political modus of “event” in Vladimir Bibikhin's philosophy. It is assumed that Bibikhin's political subject is always in the sphere of political decision and cannot be excluded from it. However, the subject's ontic choice of political strategy in the political event can be supplemented by the eventic listening to the fall (Verfall) into the “being in the world”, due to which a historically concrete event can acquire the character of the “running ahead” (Vorlaufen) into the possibility. It seems that in Bibikhin's philosophical approach, the political event represents the hermeneutic closure of ontic and ontological plans of time, which directly entails the reconciliation of revolutionary and conservative-legal potentials of man in faith. However, although it transcends politics, the event does not abolish the political decision as a non-genuine modus of being. Nevertheless, the presence of the suprethical dimension of faith in the political event complements and completes the subject's ontic choice of the constantly “untrue” ideological attitude. Bibikhin's event as a community event does not provide human with means for political action but in faith, asserts only the possibility of politics and predicts its downfall. The “ontological” event can affect the “ontic” of politics, but not vice versa. The article concludes that, according to Bibikhin, the duality of event and politics cannot be overcome, but the event can still influence politics and make it resonate with itself.
The ἀρχὴ of the Priest in the “Apology for His Flight” (or. 2) of Gregory of Nazianzus
Authors: Antonov Nikolay
Published: January 2023

This article reconstructs the categorical apparatus used by Gregory of Nazianzus to form notions of the ἀρχή of the priest. It has been shown that logic of religious leadership, developed by Gregory, is deeply rooted in paradigms of Late Antiquity. He connects the idea of the divine origin of the institution of the clergy with the notion of a world hierarchy (ἀρχὴ καὶ τάξις). In this context, oppositions between ministry/absolute authority (λειτουργία/ἡγεμονία) and force/persuasion (βίᾳ/πειθοῖ) are analyzed, showing that the priest is defined by his position between God and the laity, which is often described using the pastoral metaphor: Chief Shepherd Christ — shepherd — flock. At the same time, the category of “mediation” itself (μεσιτεία Θεοῦ καὶ ἀνθρώπων) refers in his text exclusively to the cultic function of the priest, i.e. bringing people to God through the sacraments. Another way of achieving this goal is to help people through “spiritual guidance,” i.e. different practices of communication (conversation, sermon, instruction, etc.). This path is described by Gregory in Neoplatonic categories and implies that only someone who is close to God can lead others to Him. These two methods of influencing lay people have a different theological-ontological basis, however both of them constitute the ἀρχή of the priest. The performance of the sacraments is considered as that which places a priest closer to God, that is to say what includes him in ἀρχὴ καὶ τάξις on a level distinct from ordinary people. Moreover, the priest is thought of as a person who occupies in the New Israel — the Church — the place of the rulers of ancient Israel, and for this reason his position is described as authoritative, although this authority has to do with the government of souls (ἡγεμονία ψυχῶν), accomplished in this case exclusively through persuasion.
A novel Watermarking Technique Based on Hybrid Transforms
Authors: Abdallah Hanaa A. , Alsodairi Sara
Published: January 2023

This paper proposed Anovel watermarking scheme using hybrid of  Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and singular value decomposition . Image watermarking is to embed copyright data in image bit streams. Our proposed technique demonestrates  the effective and robust of image watermarking algorithms using a hybrid of two strong mathematical transforms; the 2-level Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). This technique shows high level of security and robustness against attacks. The algorithm was tested for imperceptibility and robustness and the results were compared with DWT-SVD-based technique, it is shown that the proposed watermarking schemes is considerably more robust and effective.
Actualización de áreas de riesgo y perfil epidemiológico de hantavirus en Paraguay (2013-2020)
Authors: Torales Martha , Martínez Bettiana , Román Judith , Rojas Karen , de Egea Viviana , Torres Julio , Vázquez Cynthia , Sequera Guillermo
Published: January 2023

El síndrome pulmonar por hantavirus (SPH) en el Paraguay es una infección relacionada a extensas áreas geográficas del Chaco o Región Occidental. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se han reportado casos fuera del área endémica conocida. Con el objetivo de describir el perfil epidemiológico de la enfermedad en nuestro país, y actualizar las áreas de transmisión, se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de los casos registrados desde el 2013 al 2020. Fueron confirmados 90 casos de SPH, siendo la Región Occidental la de mayor proporción de casos, con 92% en dicho periodo. La Región Oriental registró el 5,5% de los casos, mientras que en el 2,5% de los casos no fue posible determinar el territorio de ocurrencia del contagio. El perfil de la enfermedad en el país se presenta como una afección principalmente de hombres en la edad adulta - joven, ligados a actividades de campo. Los principales desafíos para el abordaje de esta enfermedad son sensibilizar a la población de las nuevas áreas de riesgo identificadas, fortalecer la vigilancia en dichos lugares a fin de captar en forma oportuna a los casos, y actualizar los conocimientos sobre los virus circulantes y los reservorios zoonóticos de la enfermedad
Síndrome combinado de fibrosis pulmonar y enfisema: albores del tratamiento antifibrótico en el Paraguay
Authors: Pérez-Bejarano Domingo
Published: January 2023

La concomitancia de fibrosis pulmonar en regiones inferiores del pulmón y enfisema en lóbulos superiores caracterizan a una entidad poco frecuente denominada síndrome combinado de fibrosis pulmonar y enfisema, que usualmente se asocia a alta carga de tabaquismo, aunque se describen otras asociaciones y que conlleva un pronóstico sombrío. La hipertensión pulmonar, el cáncer de pulmón y la exacerbación aguda son complicaciones posibles. En el contexto de un enfoque multidisciplinar de manejo de tres casos, relatamos el curso del tratamiento con pirfenidona
Determinantes sociales en la mortalidad de las enfermedades transmitidas por el agua en Argentina, a principios del siglo XXI
Authors: Conrado Peranovich Andrés
Published: January 2023

Las enfermedades transmitidas por el agua son enfermedades provocadas por el consumo del agua contaminada con sustancias químicas y restos fecales de humanos o animales que contiene microorganismos patogénicos. Su importancia ha sido remarcada por distintos organismos internacionales en relación al derecho a la salud universal, hasta el punto de estar contempladas en forma específica dentro del plan de acción de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS, Meta 3.3). Si bien este grupo de enfermedades depende en forma importante del abastecimiento de agua potable en la población, existen muchos factores que también inciden en la higiene del agua y el saneamiento. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la importancia de distintos factores socio-económicos y sanitarios en la mortalidad por enfermedades transmitidas por el agua en Argentina, analizando la distribución geográfica y evolución de los datos durante el primer decenio del siglo XXI. Para ello, se calcularon tasas específicas de mortalidad por causa y se realizaron regresiones logísticas con variables socioeconómicas seleccionadas. Los resultados muestran una relación lineal más importante de estas enfermedades con la falta de cobertura de obra social, el hacinamiento y pertenencia a un área rural, que con el abastecimiento de agua potable