bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
List of IMF Member Countries with Delays in Completion of Article IV Consultations or Mandatory Financial Stability Assessments over 18 Months
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept,   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department,   International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department,   International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Published: August 2019

In line with the framework for addressing excessive delays in the completion of Article IV consultations, the following table lists the IMF members for whom the Article IV consultation has been delayed by more than 18 months as of December 15, 2018.
Statement by the Managing Director on the Independent Evaluation Office Report on the IMF Financial Surveillance
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Statement by the Managing Director on the Independent Evaluation Office Report on the IMF Financial Surveillance
Provisional Agenda for the Thirty-Ninth Meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Provisional Agenda for the Thirty-Ninth Meeting of the International Monetary and Financial Committee
Extension of the Periods for Consent to and Payment of Quota Increases
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Finance Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Secretary's Department
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a further six-month extension of the period for members to consent to an increase in their quotas under the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas ("Fourteenth Review") through June 28, 2019.
New particle formation, growth and apparent shrinkage at a rural background site in western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hakala Simo , Alghamdi Mansour A. , Paasonen Pauli , Vakkari Ville , Khoder Mamdouh I. , Neitola Kimmo , Dada Lubna , Abdelmaksoud Ahmad S. , Al-Jeelani Hisham , Shabbaj Ibrahim I. , Almehmadi Fahd M. , Sundström Anu-Maija , Lihavainen Heikki , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Kontkanen Jenni , Kulmala Markku , Hussein Tareq , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols have significant effects on human
health and the climate. A large fraction of these aerosols originates from
secondary new particle formation (NPF), where atmospheric vapors form small
particles that subsequently grow into larger sizes. In this study, we
characterize NPF events observed at a rural background site of Hada Al Sham
(21.802∘ N, 39.729∘ E), located in western Saudi Arabia,
during the years 2013–2015. Our analysis shows that NPF events occur very
frequently at the site, as 73 % of all the 454 classified days were NPF
days. The high NPF frequency is likely explained by the typically prevailing
conditions of clear skies and high solar radiation, in combination with
sufficient amounts of precursor vapors for particle formation and growth.
Several factors suggest that in Hada Al Sham these precursor vapors are
related to the transport of anthropogenic emissions from the coastal urban
and industrial areas. The median particle formation and growth rates for the
NPF days were 8.7 cm−3 s−1 (J7 nm) and 7.4 nm h−1
(GR7−12 nm), respectively, both showing highest values during late summer.
Interestingly, the formation and growth rates increase as a function of the
condensation sink, likely reflecting the common anthropogenic sources of NPF
precursor vapors and primary particles affecting the condensation sink. A total of 76 % of the NPF days showed an unusual progression, where the observed
diameter of the newly formed particle mode started to decrease after the
growth phase. In comparison to most long-term measurements, the NPF events
in Hada Al Sham are exceptionally frequent and strong both in terms of
formation and growth rates. In addition, the frequency of the decreasing
mode diameter events is higher than anywhere else in the world.
CMIP5 model selection for ISMIP6 ice sheet model forcing: Greenland and Antarctica
Authors: Barthel Alice , Agosta Cecile , Little Christopher M. , Hatterman Tore , Jourdain Nicolas C. , Goelzer Heiko , Nowicki Sophie , Seroussi Helene , Straneo Fiammetta , Bracegirdle Thomas J.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The ice sheet model intercomparison project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6) effort brings together the ice sheet and climate modeling communities to gain understanding of the ice sheet contribution to sea level rise. ISMIP6 conducts standalone ice sheet experiments that use space- and time-varying forcing derived from atmosphere-ocean coupled global climate models (AOGCMs) to reflect plausible trajectories for climate projections. The goal of this study is to recommend a sub-set of CMIP5 AOGCMs (3 core + 3 targeted) to produce forcing for ISMIP6 stand-alone ice sheet simulations, based on: (i) their representation of current climate near Antarctica and Greenland relative to observations, and (ii) their ability to sample a diversity of projected atmosphere and ocean changes over the 21st century. The selection is performed separately for Greenland and Antarctica. Model evaluation over the historical period focuses on variables used to generate ice sheet forcing. For stage (i), we combine metrics of atmosphere and surface ocean state (annual- and seasonal-mean variables over large spatial domains) with metrics of time-mean sub-surface ocean temperature biases averaged over sectors of the continental shelf. For stage (ii), we maximize the diversity of climate projections among the best performing models. Model selection is also constrained by technical constraints, such as availability of required data from RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 projections. The selected top 3 CMIP5 climate models are CCSM4, MIROC-ESM-CHEM, and NorESM1-M for Antarctica, and HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5 and NorESM1-M for Greenland. This model selection was designed specifically for ISMIP6, but can be adapted for other applications.
Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Entrepreneurial Intention of Engineering Undergraduates
Authors: Udayanganie W M I , Jusoh Mazuki , Chinna Karuthan
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this paper is to identify the influence of Big Five personality traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and openness to experience on entrepreneurial intention of engineering undergraduates. Entrepreneurship for engineers is not new to the world. Recent changes in the world and engineering present both challenges and opportunities to engineering education. Engineering education is changing to meet these challenges. A study was conducted with the sample of 202 final year undergraduates in engineering faculties in Sri Lanka. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Multiple Regression and Structural Equation Modeling were applied to analyze the relationships of these variables.  The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial personality traits which relate significantly to entrepreneurial intention of undergraduates are characterized by high emotional stability and openness to experience. The findings are discussed and interpreted to provide important implications to practitioners and academics.
Deep Vegetal Foreign Bodies in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 10 Cases
Authors: Cola Veronica , Del Magno Sara , Valentini Simona , Zanardi Stefano , Foglia Armando , Spinella Giuseppe , Capitani Ombretta , Buracco Paolo , Pisoni Luciano
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was to describe the anatomic locations and treatments available for deeply located vegetal foreign bodies in cats. Ten cases of migrating vegetal foreign bodies (vFBs) requiring surgical removal are reported. The diagnoses of vFBs in the thoracic cavity (4/10), retroperitoneal space (2/10), and paratracheal region (1/10) were obtained by ultrasound examination; however, in the perineum or penile urethra (2/10) and peritoneum (1/10), the vFBs were found during surgery. Intraoperative ultrasound guidance helped remove vFBs from the retroperitoneal space and paratracheal tissues. Clinical signs resolved in 8 out of 10 cases, 1 out of 10 cases had recurrent draining fistula, and 1 out of 10 was euthanized for ethical reasons. The intrathoracic was the most common location in the present study, followed by retroperitoneal space and urethra/perineum. Ultrasound guidance was essential for the diagnosis and/or treatment of vFBs located in the thoracic, retroperitoneal, and cervical regions.
Effects of Right Atrioventricular Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Path Graft Reconstruction on Arrhythmogenicity and Ventricular Function in Dogs
Authors: Aoki Takuma , Doiguchi Makoto
Published: August 2019

Right atrioventricular pericardial autografts, including the coronary groove, may cause myocardial ischemia. Our aim was to explore the effects of this procedure using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) patch on arrhythmogenicity and right ventricular function. Four healthy beagles and one client-owned golden retriever with recurrent cardiac tamponade as a result of hemangiosarcoma were included. The four healthy dogs underwent right atrioventricular ePTFE patch graft reconstruction after complete resection of the right auricle. Right ventricular function and arrhythmia were evaluated using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and tissue Doppler imaging on echocardiography and Holter electrocardiography, respectively, before and after surgery. The golden retriever underwent right atrioventricular ePTFE patch graft reconstruction followed by resection of the cardiac mass. None of the echocardiographic values, not involving systolic function, changed after surgery in the four healthy dogs. Transient arrhythmias tended to increase 1 day after surgery. The dog with recurrent cardiac tamponade exhibited more severe arrhythmia and required transient antiarrhythmic treatment for 3 days and survived the cardiac tamponade for 434 days after surgery. We showed that an ePTFE patch can serve as a suitable alternative material for right atrioventricular patch graft reconstruction, although transient arrhythmias may occur following surgery.
CAPACITAÇÃO DE EQUIPES PARA INQUÉRITO SOROLÓGICO CANINO PARA PESQUISA DE LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL
Authors: Galvão André Luiz Baptista , De Nardo Carla Daniela Dan , Neto Halim Atique , Benitez Aline Do Nascimento , Ribeiro Cássio Ricardo , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva , Aoki Vanessa Leyko , Santos Izalco Nuremberg Penha dos
Published: August 2019

A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma enfermidade grave, e quando não tratada pode ocasionar letalidade de 95% nos humanos. Em cães, há uma prevalência significativa, com muito dos casos assintomáticos. Diante de tal importância, o diagnóstico precoce em humanos e cães se faz necessário para mapeamento e controle da enfermidade nos municípios. No estado de São Paulo, o primeiro caso desta enfermidade, foi notificado em Araçatuba, em 1998. Desde então, têm ocorrido o avanço da doença no estado principalmente no Noroeste Paulista. Perante tal preocupação, a Prefeitura do município de São José do Rio Preto realizou um inquérito sorológico canino para pesquisa de LV no primeiro semestre de 2017. Para composição das equipes, o inquérito obteve a participação dos alunos do curso de medicina veterinária do Centro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP). Com a finalidade de realizar este inquérito sorológico assegurando o bem-estar animal, a qualidade da amostra para fins em diagnóstico e a educação em saúde foi realizado o treinamento das equipes. Logo, com este trabalho objetiva-se descrever a metodologia de capacitação das equipes para tal inquérito. A capacitação foi realizada por meio de orientação coletiva para descrição e explanação teórica, e supervisão individualizada na ação prática utilizando manequins de cães. O aprendizado foi aplicado por vinte alunos, de abril a maio de 2017, em tutores e em seus cães, residentes na área urbana do Município. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 1.581 amostras de sangue de cães. Não foram registradas inconformidades que oferecessem risco ao bem estar animal e ou humano durante a ação. O treinamento otimizou o tempo para coleta de amostras de sangue de cães em área urbana como estratégia de saúde pública.
Cluster Analysis Referring to Rural Enterprises of Sugarcane Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) in Quirinópolis, Brazil
Authors: Nacife Jean Marc , Soares Frederico , Castoldi Gustavo
Published: August 2019

In Brazil in recent decades, the the dynamics of land use widened the agricultural frontier for sugarcane cultivation by modifying and replacing intensively traditional and pasture crops. It is proposed to examine the aggregating characteristics of rural enterprises that are part of the sugarcane agribusiness productive arrangement, evaluating their profiles, providing a more effective understanding of their socioeconomic sustainability. The quantitative approach was adopted applying statistical tests for variable selection and multivariate statistical techniques (cluster analysis) to evaluate rural enterprises. The results indicated two clusters with peculiar profiles, and the average distance between farm and agribusiness (± 22 km) and succession capacity (± 2.5 points) of both are similar. The other variables were discrepant (P <0.05), in cluster 1 the very negative rural exodus (-48%) and in cluster 2 positive (23%). Operating costs in relation to compensation for Cluster 1 was 61%, much higher than cluster 2 with 6% on average. It was concluded that through cluster analysis that the contract variables and the size of the establishment are the most significant factors directly influencing the rural exodus and production costs. These observations contribute to the creation of sectorial policies for the use of land and regional economic development, as such imply in a theoretical consolidation of precepts on the sugarcane expansion, as such also imply, under the perspective of the rural practice, in elements for the improvement in planning the agricultural enterprise.
Continuing Education XII
Authors: McDonald Timothea F.
Published: August 2019

Continuing Education XII
Options for the ’80s: ACRL 1981 National Conference
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Options for the ’80s: ACRL 1981 National Conference
INDEX TO VOL. 41
Authors: Tamblyn Eldon W.
Published: August 2019

INDEX TO VOL. 41
WASHINGTON HOTLINE
Authors: Henderson Carol
Published: August 2019

WASHINGTON HOTLINE
CE COURSE REPORT
Authors: Welch C. Brigid
Published: August 2019

CE COURSE REPORT
Letters
Authors: Schiflett Lee , Miller Richard E. , Watson Tom
Published: August 2019

Letters
Some Thoughts on ONLINE ’80, San Francisco, November 12-14
Authors: Klugman Simone
Published: August 2019

Some Thoughts on ONLINE ’80, San Francisco, November 12-14
Letter
Authors: Devine Marie E.
Published: August 2019

Letter
Instructing Patrons in OCLC in an Academic Library
Authors: Daugherty Robert A.
Published: August 2019

Instructing Patrons in OCLC in an Academic Library
Training Plans at Berkeley
Authors: Davison Patricia , Jaffe Lee
Published: August 2019

Training Plans at Berkeley
WASHINGTON HOTLINE
Authors: Henderson Carol C.
Published: August 2019

WASHINGTON HOTLINE
Letters
Authors: Funk Mark E.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Blue grass and NEH grants: An ACRL/PLA workshop in Kentucky
Authors: Camloh Donna
Published: August 2019

Blue grass and NEH grants: An ACRL/PLA workshop in Kentucky
PUBLICATIONS
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Publications
Baltimore ’86
Authors: Wilson Bill
Published: August 2019

Baltimore ’86
Guidelines regarding thefts in libraries: A draft
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines regarding thefts in libraries: A draft
Letters
Authors: Copier Judith A. , Myrick William J.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Standards for ethical conduct for rare book, manuscript, and special collections libraries
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Standards for ethical conduct for rare book, manuscript, and special collections libraries
INNOVATIONS: “Knowledge Bound” at San Francisco State University
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

INNOVATIONS: “Knowledge Bound” at San Francisco State University
Guidelines on the selection of general collection materials for transfer to special collections
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines on the selection of general collection materials for transfer to special collections
Guidelines for audiovisual services in academic libraries
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines for audiovisual services in academic libraries
Letters
Authors: Searing Susan E , Feller Siegfried
Published: August 2019

Letters
PEOPLE
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

PEOPLE
Innovations: NOTIS instruction for the public: Current tools and future needs
Authors: Westbrook Lynn
Published: August 2019

Innovations: NOTIS instruction for the public: Current tools and future needs
Letters
Authors: Dougherty Richard M. , Dizhi Xiong , Crawford David S.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Innovations: Automation orientation programs at the University of Delaware Library
Authors: Hert Carol Anne
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Automation orientation programs at the University of Delaware Library
Innovations: A library-sponsored tutorial program
Authors: Deese Susan
Published: August 2019

Innovations: A library-sponsored tutorial program
Letter
Authors: Fiorillo Camille
Published: August 2019

Letter
Innovations:Student pre-surveys as bibliographic instruction tools
Authors: Amodeo Tony
Published: August 2019

Innovations:Student pre-surveys as bibliographic instruction tools
Innovations: A HyperCard call number directory: Using stacks to find stacks
Authors: Kane William P.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: A HyperCard call number directory: Using stacks to find stacks
Innovations: Humor and creativity: Poetry about libraries
Authors: Stevens Norman D.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Humor and creativity: Poetry about libraries
Viabilidade econômica de espécies florestais e agrícolas em uma área de assentamento rural
Authors: Sousa Bruna Stefanny das Neves de , Paula Manoel Tavares de , Borges Sibeli , Pontes Altem Nascimento
Published: August 2019

As espécies florestais que compõem ecossistemas diversos proporcionam inúmeros benefícios ao meio ambiente, principalmente em relação à ciclagem de nutrientes, clima interno favorável, habitação de espécies (fauna e flora) e para a execução de diversas atividades humanas. Agricultores rurais associados à Movimento de Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) têm mantido como componente as espécies florestais com cultivos agrícolas, classificado como sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs). Assim, o presente artigo teve por objetivo realizar avaliação econômica – financeira de um SAF composto por 11 espécies de plantas, produzidas por uma família rural em área de assentamento. Para a execução desse estudo, foi realizado coleta de dados em campo, no Município de Santa Bárbara do Pará, região metropolitana de Belém. No presente trabalho, foram utilizados os seguintes parâmetros para análise: Relação Beneficio-Custo (RBC), Valor Presente líquido (VPL) e Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a viabilidade econômica do sistema agroflorestal apresentou valores de RBC (2.5), VPL (R$20.905,55) e TIR (15%). Logo, o sistema agroflorestal mostrou-se economicamente viável, propondo que o sistema pode ser adotado em propriedades rurais, gerando ao produtor renda por meio do consórcioflorestal e agrícola.
Læreres forløb i Meebook
Authors: Gissel Stig Toke , Slot Marie Falkesgaard , Graf Stefan Ting
Published: August 2019

Artiklen præsenterer resultaterne af en analyse af de 102 mest delte undervisningsforløb på læringsplatformen Meebook på tværs af fag og trin. Fokus i artiklen er på, hvilke typer læremidler der anvendes i forløbene på platformen, hvilke tilegnelseshandlinger forløbene lægger op til, samt hvilke modaliteter forløbene tager i anvendelse i forhold til elevernes receptive og konstruerende aktiviteter. Analysen viser, at forløbene på platformen i stort omfang indeholder digitale, semantiske læremidler og næsten i lige så høj grad digitale, didaktiske læremidler. De digitale, funktionelle læremidler anvendes til gengæld ikke så hyppigt, og de analoge formater er oftest fraværende. Alle de nævnte fund kan forklares ved den digitale platforms design og funktioner. Med afsæt i socialsemiotikkens antagelse om, at varierede og tilgængelige semiotiske ressourcer er vigtige i elevers faglige arbejde, har vi undersøgt modalitetspotentialer i elevers receptive og konstruktive arbejde.
Digital fordobling af lærere
Authors: Nortvig Anne-Mette
Published: August 2019

Digitale læringsplatforme forventes anvendt i alle fag i skolen i stadig større grad, men dette synes ikke altid meningsfuldt i praktisk-musiske fag, hvor der snarere arbejdes praktisk, kropsligt og analogt end digitalt. Som deltagende skole i det større projekt om Anvendelse af Digitale Læringsplatforme i Folkeskolen eksperimenterede en gruppe lærere med en digital læringsplatform i blandt andet musik samt håndværk og design med henblik på at lade platformen bidrage til løsninger på udfordringer i undervisningen frem for at lade den være omdrejningspunktet for projektet. Denne artikel beskriver og diskuterer på baggrund af disse eksperimenter, hvordan lærere i folkeskolen kan inddrage en digital læringsplatform på meningsfulde måder i praktisk-musiske fag.

Artiklen bidrager med narrativer og casebeskrivelser af disse it-didaktiske design, og de belyses gennem lærernes observationer og evalueringer af eksperimenterne med den digitale læringsplatform. Artiklen introducerer og diskuterer endvidere begrebet om "den digitalt fordoblede lærer" og peger på, hvordan en sådan med fordel kan inddrages i klasser, hvor elever har brug for gentagelse, øvelse og fysisk tilstedevær fra lærerens side.
Maternal Vitamin D Status and Risk of Preeclampsia in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Omonua Kate Ifeoma , Onafowokan Olutunde , Adewole Nathaniel , Nwegbu Maxwell , Isah Aliyu Yabaji , Omonua Odiase Special
Published: August 2019

Aim: To determine the relationship between maternal serum 25(OH) D concentrations and development of preeclampsia.

Study Design: A cross sectional comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, between March 2016 and February 2017.

Methodology: We included 55 women with preeclampsia and 55 healthy women. Data obtained included sociodemographic characteristics, clothing style and duration of exposure to sun light.  ELISA method was used for evaluation of serum vitamin D levels.

Results: The prevalence of VD deficiency in the population was 15%, while 16.8% and 73% of the participants had insufficient and normal levels respectively. The prevalence of VD deficiency in women with preeclampsia was 20.4% while that in healthy pregnant women was 9.4% (P=.19). The mean serum 25-OH-D level of women with pre-eclampsia was significantly lower than that of healthy women (34.5±14.9 vs. 43.5±15.1, P = .003). Preeclamptic women with vitamin D insufficiency delivered at a higher gestational age than those with vitamin D deficiency (37.67(2.77) weeks vs. 33.55(2.38) weeks respectively, P = .007). In the adjusted analysis of cases with vitamin D defficiency, the odds of developing preeclampsia was not statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) = 3.27, CI = 0.99-10.83, P =.05].  However, the odds of developing preeclampsia in women with Vitamin D insufficiency was statistically  significant (OR = 3.20, CI = 1.02–10.06,  = 0.046).

Conclusion: In conclusion, an association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia was not demonstrated in this study. The results however suggest that maternal vitamin D insufficiency in late pregnancy is an independent risk factor for preeclampsia.
Mild Hyperoxia Stimulation Increases Regional Tissue Oxygen Pressure in Rat Hippocampus via Oxygen Radical
Authors: Yoshizato H. , Kwon Osung , Ato S. , Ogasawara R. , Hanai Y. , Yoshimura Y.
Published: August 2019

Aims: The purpose of this study is to examine a rise of the local tissue oxygen pressure in hippocampus (Hip-pO2) which means neuronal activation by mild hyperoxia through oxygen radical.

Study Design: Study was an animal experiment with rat.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagaya Institute of Technology, between January 2014 and January 2018.

Methodology: Rats were exposed to air or mild oxygen gas. At the same time, Local tissue oxygen pressure in hippocampus (Hip-pO2) were measured for 20 min with or without treatment of two type of radical scavengers.

Results: The Hip-pO2 levels were significantly increased by mild hyperoxia exposure (50-60% above resting level). The mild hyperoxia-induced enhancement of the Hip-pO2 levels were inhibited by MnTMPyP (radical scavenger), but not by NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor Apocynin.

Conclusion: These findings suggested that mild hyperoxia could activate hippocampus through generation of oxygen radicals.
Ultrasound Measurement of the Abdominal Aortic Diameter in a Normotensive and Hypertensive Adult Nigerian Population in Enugu
Authors: Agu O. D. , Uduma F. U. , Njeze N. R. , Mgbor S. O. , Obikili E. N. , Eze K. C.
Published: August 2019

Background: Hypertension has direct effect on abdominal aortic diameter. Some of its manifestations are aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Aims: To compare the AAD among adult normotensive and hypertensive subjects as well as correlating with age, sex and blood pressure.

Materials and Methods: Participants will be randomly selected from hypertensives attending Cardiology Clinic, in University of Nigeria teaching hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria.  Controls will be apparently healthy normotensive volunteers. Participants’ demographics, weight, height and blood pressure will be documented. Ultrasound measurements of infrarenal AAD will be taken at 2 cm below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery.  Data will be statistically analyzed and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 will be considered significant.

Results:  300 participants: comprising of 150 normotensives and 150 hypertensives were studied. The mean values for AAD in normotensive males and females were 16.66 ± 2.04 mm and 15.36 ± 1.97 mm respectively. Whereas the values for hypertensives, changed to 18.89 ± 2.64 mm and 16.57 ± 2.54 mm respectively. The AAD showed a positive correlation with systolic blood pressure (r2 = 0.317, P ≤ 0.001) but not with diastolic blood pressure.

Conclusion: Abdominal aortic diameter was significantly larger among hypertensives than normotensives. The diameter increased with age in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects.
Path Analysis of Vegetative Characteristics in Conilon Coffee Production Consortiated with Green Fertilizers in Tropical Climate
Authors: Jaeggi Mario Euclides Pechara da Costa , Coelho Fábio Cunha , Pereira Israel Martins , Zacarias Alex Justino , Gravina Geraldo de Amaral , De Lima Wallace Luis , Pereira Lucas Louzada , Moreira Taís Rizzo , Da Silva Samuel Ferreira , Parajara Magno Do Carmo
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between morphoagronomic characters and coffee productivity and their direct and indirect effects under the influence of different types of green fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in the field followed by the sampling method in a pre-established coffee plantation, installed in soil with a slope of 11% in the Southern Region of the State of Espírito Santo. The intercropping of coffee with green fertilizers studied were pigeon pea, jack bean, velvet bean, and wild Mexican sunflower, as well as a control treatment without green fertilizers. The experimental unit consisted of a coffee plant, clonal variety "Incaper 8142" Conilon Vitoria, with a spacing of 2.30 x 2.60 meters, with a crop age of seven years, using the border of at least one coffee plant between experimental units. Eight morphoagronomic characteristics were measured, having as main dependent variable the productivity (in kg per plant) obtained in the harvest of 2015, and as primary explanatory characteristics: plant height, orthotropic branch diameter, plagiotropic branch diameter, number of leaves, number of nodes, number of orthotropic branches, number of plagiotropic branches and number of productive nodes. To increase productivity, coffee plants with the highest number of orthotropic branches and number of plagiotropic branches should be selected. The characteristics of greater direct contribution were a number of nodes and the number of productive nodes.
PENGARUH ATRIBUT HOTEL BUTIK TERHADAP MINAT MENGINAP KEMBALI DENGAN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN SEBAGAI VARIABEL PERANTARA DI SURABAYA
Authors: S. Hanjaya , M.D. Pranata , F. Andreani
Published: August 2019

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh dari atribut hotel butik terhadap minat menginap kembali dengan kepuasan konsumen sebagai variabel perantara. Responden adalah 115 konsumen yang pernah menginap di hotel butik (Hotel Majapahit, Artotel, dan Town Square Hotel) di Surabaya dalam kurun waktu satu tahun terakhir. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dengan skala Likert dan dianalisa menggunakan metode PLS. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atribut hotel butik berpengaruh positif signifikan, baik terhadap kepuasan konsumen maupun minat menginap kembali. Meski demikian, kepuasan konsumen sebagai variabel perantara justru memiliki pengaruh kecil pada hubungan antara atribut hotel butik terhadap minat menginap kembali. Selain itu, hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan konsumen bukan hal utama tetapi atribut hotel butik adalah hal terpenting yang menyebabkan konsumen mengunjungi hotel kembali
Long‐term maintenance of functional primary human hepatocytes using small molecules
Authors: Katsuda Takeshi , Kawamata Masaki , Inoue Ayako , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Abe Maki , Ochiya Takahiro
Published: August 2019

The immediate deterioration of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) during culture limits their utility in drug discovery studies. Here, we report that a cocktail of four small molecule signaling inhibitors, termed YPAC, is useful for maintaining various hepatic functions of PHHs, including albumin and urea productivity, glycogen storage, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression. Most importantly, we found that YPAC allows PHHs to retain enzymatic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 even after 40 days of culture, and that inducibility of CYP3A4 activity in response to the prototypical inducers rifampicin and phenobarbital is also maintained. Our novel approach could facilitate drug discovery studies.
Mitochondrial dysfunction increases fatty acid β‐oxidation and translates into impaired neuroblast maturation
Authors: Audano Matteo , Pedretti Silvia , Crestani Maurizio , Caruso Donatella , De Fabiani Emma , Mitro Nico
Published: August 2019

The metabolic transition from anaerobic glycolysis and fatty acid β‐oxidation to glycolysis coupled to oxidative phosphorylation is a key process for the transition of quiescent neural stem cells to proliferative neural progenitor cells. However, a full characterization of the metabolic shift and the involvement of mitochondria during the last step of neurogenesis, from neuroblasts to neuron maturation, is still elusive. Here, we describe a model of neuroblasts, Neuro2a cells, with impaired differentiation capacity due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Using a detailed biochemical characterization consisting of steady‐state metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis, we find increased fatty acid β‐oxidation as a peculiar feature of neuroblasts with altered mitochondria. The consequent metabolic switch favors neuroblast proliferation at the expense of neuron maturation.
Transcriptional control of blood cell emergence
Authors: Menegatti Sara , de Kruijf Marcel , Garcia‐Alegria Eva , Lacaud Georges , Kouskoff Valerie
Published: August 2019

The haematopoietic system is established during embryonic life through a series of developmental steps that culminates with the generation of haematopoietic stem cells. Characterisation of the transcriptional network that regulates blood cell emergence has led to the identification of transcription factors essential for this process. Among the many factors wired within this complex regulatory network, ETV2, SCL and RUNX1 are the central components. All three factors are absolutely required for blood cell generation, each one controlling a precise step of specification from the mesoderm germ layer to fully functional blood progenitors. Insight into the transcriptional control of blood cell emergence has been used for devising protocols to generate blood cells de novo, either through reprogramming of somatic cells or through forward programming of pluripotent stem cells. Interestingly, the physiological process of blood cell generation and its laboratory‐engineered counterpart have very little in common.
RETRACTED: LKB1 suppresses androgen synthesis in a mouse model of hyperandrogenism via IGF‐1 signaling
Authors: Xu Ying , Gao Yongxing , Huang Zufang , Zheng Yan , Teng Wenjuan , Zheng Deyan , Zheng Xiaohua
Published: August 2019

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major cause of anovulatory sterility in women, and most PCOS patients exhibit hyperandrogenism (HA). Liver kinase b1 (LKB1) is a tumor suppressor that has recently been reported to be involved in PCOS. However, the mechanism by which LKB1 affects HA has not previously been elucidated. We report here that ovarian LKB1 levels are significantly decreased in a female mouse model of HA. Moreover, we report that LKB1 expression is inhibited by elevated androgens via activation of androgen receptors. In addition, LKB1 treatment was observed to suppress androgen synthesis in theca cells and promote estrogen production in granulosa cells by regulating steroidogenic enzyme expression. As expected, LKB1 knockdown inhibited estrogen levels and enhanced androgen levels, and LKB1‐transgenic mice were protected against HA. The effect of LKB1 appears to be mediated via IGF‐1 signaling. In summary, we describe here a key role for LKB1 in controlling sex hormone levels.
Effects of cooperative learning on peer relations, empathy, and bullying in middle school
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Roseth Cary J.
Published: August 2019

Although researchers have developed prevention programs to reduce bullying, the results are mixed, and this may be due to a degree of uncertainty in their theoretical foundation. In particular, these programs share an emphasis on empathy as a personal attribute that can be enhanced among students through the application of specific curricula that will, in turn, contribute to a reduction in bullying behavior. However, the link between empathy and bullying is unclear, as is the ability of bullying prevention programs to actually impact student empathy. In this study, we used a cluster randomized trial (N = 15 middle schools, 1,890 students, 47.1% female, 75.2% White) to evaluate the impact of cooperative learning on bullying, and we evaluated whether these effects were mediated by empathy and peer relatedness. Our results indicated that cooperative learning can significantly reduce bullying, and that some of this effect is transmitted via enhancements to affective empathy. Cooperative learning also demonstrated significant positive effects on cognitive empathy, but this did not have an effect on bullying. We also found that the effects of cooperative learning on cognitive and affective empathy were mediated by improvements in peer relatedness. These findings add a degree of clarity to the literature, and also represent the first time, as far as we are aware, that an antibullying program has been found to have significant effects on both cognitive and affective empathy.
A Platform to Study the Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Immune Cell Activation During Wound Healing
Authors: Wang Kaiping , Parekh Udit , Ting Jonathan K. , Yamamoto Natasha A. D. , Zhu Juan , Costantini Todd , Arias Ana Claudia , Eliceiri Brian P. , Ng Tse Nga
Published: August 2019

Wound healing is a complex process involving diverse changes in multiple cell types where the application of electric fields has been shown to accelerate wound closure. To define the efficacy of therapies based on electric fields, it would be valuable to have a platform to systematically study the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) upon the inflammation phase and the activation of signaling mediators. Here, an in vivo ES model in which flexible electrodes are applied to an animal model for monitoring inflammation in a wound is reported on. Subcutaneous implants of polyvinyl alcohol sponges elicit inflammation response as defined by the infiltration of leukocytes. The wound site is subjected to electric fields using two types of additively fabricated flexible electrode arrays. The sponges are then harvested for flow cytometry analysis to identify changes in the phosphorylation state of intracellular targets. This platform enables studies of molecular mechanisms, as it shows that an application of low‐frequency ES ≤0.5 Hz increases phosphorylation of Erk proteins in recruited leukocytes, identifying a signaling pathway that is activated during the healing process.
Expanding the Toolbox of Upconversion Nanoparticles for In Vivo Optogenetics and Neuromodulation
Authors: All Angelo Homayoun , Zeng Xiao , Teh Daniel Boon Loong , Yi Zhigao , Prasad Ankshita , Ishizuka Toru , Thakor Nitish , Hiromu Yawo , Liu Xiaogang
Published: August 2019

Optogenetics is an optical technique that exploits visible light for selective neuromodulation with spatio‐temporal precision. Despite enormous effort, the effective stimulation of targeted neurons, which are located in deeper structures of the nervous system, by visible light, remains a technical challenge. Compared to visible light, near‐infrared illumination offers a higher depth of tissue penetration owing to a lower degree of light attenuation. Herein, an overview of advances in developing new modalities for neural circuitry modulation utilizing upconversion‐nanoparticle‐mediated optogenetics is presented. These developments have led to minimally invasive optical stimulation and inhibition of neurons with substantially improved selectivity, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. The focus is to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanistic basis for evaluating upconversion parameters, which will be useful in designing, executing, and reporting optogenetic experiments.
Enhanced Interface Stability of Multilayer Bi2Te3/Ti/Cu Films after Heat Treatment via the Insertion of a Ti Layer
Authors: Qin Dongli , Zhu Wei , Hai Fengxun , Wang Chunjun , Cui Jiaolin , Deng Yuan
Published: August 2019

The interface stability is of great significance for maintaining the high output performance of thin‐film thermoelectric devices. Here, it is demonstrated that by introducing a Ti layer and controlling its thickness, the interface stability relating to element diffusion, contact resistance, and mechanical strength can be regulated at Bi2Te3/Cu interfaces. After heat treatment, the multilayer interface with a thickness of 270 nm for the Ti layer has a stable structure that can suppress element diffusion, maintain a low specific contact resistivity (7.49 × 10−6 Ω cm2) and obtain an excellent critical load (58.1 mN). These characteristics are achieved because the Ti film with a thickness of 270 nm can keep multilayer interface stable, maintain the interface as effective junctions, and alleviate stress release. Due to the diffusion of Cu, the Cu‐Te compounds are formatted and Cu diffusion into Bi2Te3 is generated in the interfaces. Meanwhile, the results show that the Cu diffusion into Bi2Te3 has a greater impact on contact resistance than p‐CuTe in the interface. The work provides a general method for maintaining the reliability and stability of multilayer interfaces in thin‐film thermoelectric devices.
Self‐Powered and Broadband Photodetectors with GaN: Layered rGO Hybrid Heterojunction
Authors: Sarkar Krishnendu , Hossain Mozakkar , Devi Pooja , Rao K. D. M. , Kumar Praveen
Published: August 2019

The development of self‐powered and broadband (NIR–Vis–UV) photodetectors with high responsivity is essential for energy efficient futuristic optoelectronic devices. A simple approach is reported to formulate inorganic–organic (GaN/rGO: Ag NP) hybrid p–n heterojunction photodetectors clasping with transparent Au nanowire network as the top electrode. The heterojunction demonstrates excellent rectification ratio of 105 and broadband photoresponse due to GaN in ultraviolet (UV) region and silver‐loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO: Ag NP) in visible to infrared region. Further, the reducing effect of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to GO along with its localized surface plasmon resonance is utilized to enhance the response in near infrared (NIR) and the visible region in the presented device structure. Transparent Au nanowire network works as an efficient charge collector ensuing high responsivity and fast switching characteristics. The heterojunction exhibits superior photoresponse with high on/off ratio (104), responsivity (0.266 A W‐1), and detectivity of (2.62 × 1011), under the illumination of 360 nm light. Due to the high built‐in‐potential difference at the heterojunctions, self‐powered operation is demonstrated under entire excitation wavelength (360–980 nm) range, which holds great futuristic promises for cost‐effective, stable, and efficient energy conserving electronics.
3D‐Printed Coaxial Fibers for Integrated Wearable Sensor Skin
Authors: Gao Yang , Yu Guohui , Shu Tao , Chen Yanqiu , Yang Wenzhen , Liu Yu , Long Jing , Xiong Wei , Xuan Fuzhen
Published: August 2019

Coaxial 3D printing technology, with its advantages of scalability and controllability, is applied in research to develop integrated wearable sensors composed of pressure sensor arrays and strain sensors. In order to improve the performance of the pressure sensor array, microstructures molded from sandpaper are introduced into the contact interface of the extruded fibers, resulting in a sensitivity (defined as the ratio of capacitance change to the change of applied pressure) of 0.562 kPa−1, a response/relaxation time of 230 ms, and a high durability. The printed strain sensor has a sensitivity (defined as the ratio of resistance change to the change of applied strain) of 11.8 and a good stability for 10 000 cycles. The high‐performance pressure sensor array and strain sensors give the integrated device the ability to detect various mechanical stimuli such as pressing, bending, twisting, and shear forces, showing potential application in the field of electronic skin.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐enynes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C−C Coupling
Authors: Lu Shi‐Chao , Chang Zhi‐Xin , Xiao Yu‐Liang , Li Hong‐Shuang
Published: August 2019

A regio‐ and stereoselective protocol for rhodium(I)‐catalyzed decarboxylative C−C coupling between propiolic acids and propargyl alcohols has been achieved. This efficient catalytic approach could facilitate the preparation of a diversity of synthetically valuable 2‐hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐enynes with high Z‐stereoselectivity. Notably, non‐terminal alkynes were smoothly transformed into the target products that show intriguing synthetic utility.

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Quantifying the Interface Defect for the Stability Origin of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Jionghua , Shi Jiangjian , Li Yiming , Li Hongshi , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanghong , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo
Published: August 2019

The stability issue that is obstructing commercialization of the perovskite solar cell is widely recognized, and tremendous effort has been dedicated to solving this issue. However, beyond the apparent thermal and moisture stability, more intrinsic semiconductor mechanisms regarding defect behavior have yet to be explored and understood. Herein, defects are quantified; especially interface defects, within the cell to reveal their impact on device performance and especially stability. Both the bulk and interface defects are distinguished and traced in situ using an expanded admittance model when the cell degrades in its efficiency under illumination or voltage. The electric field‐induced interface, rather than bulk defects, is found to have a direct correlation to stability. Releasing the interface strain using a fullerene derivative is an effective way to suppress interface defect formation and improve stability. Overall, this work provides a quantitative approach to probing the semiconductor mechanism behind the stability issue, and the inherent correlation discovered here among the electric field, interface strain, interface defects, and cell stability has important implications for ongoing device stability engineering.
Controllable Cathode–Electrolyte Interface of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 for Lithium Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Maleki Kheimeh Sari Hirbod , Li Xifei
Published: August 2019

As a high‐capacity layered cathode material, Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 (NCM811) has been one of the most felicitous candidates for utilization in the next generation of high‐energy lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Notwithstanding its superiority, there are some issues concerning its cyclability, rate capability, and thermal stability that need to be settled prior to its further practical application. It is believed that upon cycling, chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface plays a key role in resolving these issues. Therefore, all the extensive efforts directed so far toward the optimization of NCM811 electrochemical performance are by some means in connection with the cathode–electrolyte interface. Herein, unique structural and electrochemical characteristics of NCM811 together with in‐depth understanding of its underlying bulk/surface degradation mechanism through cycling are reviewed. More importantly, for the first time, all compatible approaches thus far adopted to perfect the performance of NCM811 are exclusively and scrupulously addressed. Lastly, the most reasonable resolutions to accomplish a robust cathode–electrolyte interface, and consequently impeccable NCM811, along with proposed future research directions are presented.
Spontane Kristallisation von Perowskit‐Nanokristallen in unpolaren organischen Lösungsmitteln: Ein vielseitiges Konzept für deren morphologiekontrollierende Synthese
Authors: Huang He , Li Yanxiu , Tong Yu , Yao En‐Ping , Feil Maximilian W. , Richter Alexander F. , Döblinger Markus , Rogach Andrey L. , Feldmann Jochen , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana
Published: August 2019

Die wachsende Nachfrage an Perowskit‐Nanokristallen (NCs) für verschiedene Anwendungen hat ein großes Forschungsinteresse an der Entwicklung einfacher Synthesemethoden geweckt. Sie werden meist entweder durch ligandenunterstützte Umfällung (LARP) bei Raumtemperatur oder durch Heißinjektion bei hohen Temperaturen und inerter Atmosphäre synthetisiert. Die Verwendung von polaren Lösungsmitteln im Fall von LARP beeinflusst jedoch deren Stabilität. Hier berichten wir über die spontane Kristallisation von Perowskit‐NCs in unpolaren organischen Medien unter normalen Umgebungsbedingungen ausgelöst beim einfachen Mischen von Ausgangsmaterial‐Liganden‐Komplexen ohne Anwendung externer Stimuli. Die Morphologie der NCs kann von Nanowürfeln zu Nanoplättchen gesteuert werden, indem das Verhältnis zwischen einwertigem (z. B. Formamidinium+ (FA+) oder Cs+) und zweiwertigem (Pb2+) Kation‐Liganden‐Komplex variiert wird. Die Ausgangsmaterial‐Liganden‐Komplexe sind monatelang stabil, so dass Perowskit‐NCs direkt vor der Verwendung leicht hergestellt werden können. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass dieser vielseitige Synthesevorgang skalierbar und allgemein für Perowskit‐NCs unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung anwendbar ist.