bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of adverse events following first dose of COVISHIELD in healthcare workers of a tertiary care hospital in western Uttar Pradesh: A prospective observational study
Authors: Shivangna Singh  , Suchi Jain  , Bushra Hasan Khan  , Vivek Gautam  , Mayank Batola
Published: January 2025

Background: COVID‑19 pandemic is a great health challenge around the world. Immunization appears best preventive strategy where monitoring the safety of COVID-19 vaccines is immensely important as limited safety data available on them.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to perform safety surveillance and causality assessment of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with COVID-19 vaccine.
Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on healthcare workers who received their first dose of COVISHIELD during first phase of COVID-19 vaccination in January–February 2021 at F.H. Medical College and Hospital, Tundla, Firozabad. Approval for the study was taken from institutional ethical committee. The details of AEFIs were collected and duly noted in standard AEFI case reporting form of Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare, Immunization Division, Govt. of India and reported to District Immunization Officer. Causality assessment was done in accordance with protocol of the World Health Organization.
Results: Out of 419 vaccinees, 210 had developed AEFIs, and 527 AEFIs were reported considering the fact that one recipient could have experienced multiple AEFIs. Majority AEFIs were related to general disorders and administration site conditions (67.35%), where fever (28.46%), chills (16.69%),and pain at injection site (15.75%) were more common, followed by musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (19.55%) where myalgia (18.03%) was more commonly reported. Out of 527 AEFIs reported, majority (524, 99.43%) showed consistent causal association to immunization and 3 (0.57%) AEFIs showed inconsistent association. AEFIs classified as consistent causal association (524) mostly were vaccine product related reactions (520, 99.23%) and rest (4, 0.76%) were immunization anxiety related reactions. Severity assessment of AEFIs was done using Modified Hartwig and Siegel Severity Scale, out of total 527 AEFIs reported 60.9% were of mild severity and rest 39.1% were categorized as moderate severity.
Conclusion: As adverse events post-vaccination with COVISHIELD were mild to moderate in severity and lasted for a short duration, the inconvenience caused by these AEFIs outweigh the protection offered by the vaccination against COVID-19.
Cadaver as the first silent medical teacher: Exploring bioethical perceptions of department of anatomy
Authors: Surajit Kundu  , Anil R Sherke  , Richa Gurudiwan
Published: January 2025

Background: Department of Anatomy with its time honored and integral essence, human cadaveric dissection has been trying to serve the medical profession since the inception of medicine. Every human cadaver who goes under the knife of medical student during anatomical dissection deserves special treatment and utmost respect. But unfortunately, probably the hidden curriculum of bioethical sentiments of the body donor and the human cadaver have been noted to become extinct from medical profession, until recently with the introduction of the new competency based medical education in India.
Aims and Objectives: The present study attempts to dig out the noble practices followed in various medical schools to ensure the human cadaver gets the rightful respect and dignity. Our literature review reflects the practice of students’ conduct and habits on the 1st day of dissection. We emphasize guidelines that may be sincerely recommended to medical schools to ensure respectful humanity and honor towards the human cadavers.
Materials and Methods: The psycho-social attitudes of MBBS students has been attempted to learn by distributing questionnaire to the 2019 batch MBBS students (n=60) of Late Shri Lakhiram Agrawal Memorial Government Medical College Raigarh (CG) during the foundation course (first 1 month of 1st year curriculum) and on their first encounter with the cadaver.
Results: About 95.4% and 57.5% of students showed positive and negative perceptions. The religious beliefs and emotional attachments with the cadaver were noted to be as 23.33% and 76.11%, respectively. The sentiments included cognitive, affective, moral, and behavioral.
Conclusion: The article attempts to focus the noble endeavor of the Cadaver as the first silent medical teacher who wishes to enlighten the pure minds of medical students with knowledge and empathy to be shown towards the patients. Based on the emotional observations made from the medical students on their first encounter with the cadaver, the present study anastomoses science and humanity with care, compassion, and dignity.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori infection in children with iron deficiency anemia admitted in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mohammed Muzzamil  , Mukesh Choudhary  , Manoj Nagar  , Vishnoi SK  , Sandeep Choudhary  , Rakesh Jora  , Sunil Kothari
Published: January 2025

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) can result from both physiological and pathological events, the etiology of underlying IDA should be determined. Helicobacter pylori infection in children has mostly been associated with recurrent abdominal pain, gastric dyspepsia, or duodenal-ulcer. Other extra-digestive tract conditions such as iron deficiency or IDA have been recently related to the H. pylori infection.
Aims and Objectives: To find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in children aged 2–18 years with IDA in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: Across-sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur for a period of 1 year. A total of 52 children aged between 2 and 18 years with anemia (as per the WHO criteria of anemia) were evaluated for complete blood count, peripheral blood film and serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and two biopsy specimen evaluated for H. pylori and histopathological changes. Normally distributed data means were compared using student’s t-test unpaired and paired. Proportions were compared using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.
Results: The prevalence of H. pylori in our study population was 32.69%. In children with H. pylori infection mean S.iron was 25.78±10.24 μg/dl, mean S.TIBC 544.66±91.68 μg/dl, and mean S.ferritin was 6.07±3.00 μg/dl. There was statistically significant difference in serum iron, S.TIBC and S.ferritin between children having H. pylori infection and without H. pylori infection(P<0.001).
Conclusion: There is an association of IDA and H. pylori infection. Therefore prevention and eradication of H. pylori infection might be helpful to prevent IDA, especially in those patients who are not responding to usual treatment.
A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 positive patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital wards in Mizoram, India
Authors: Sang Zuala  , Vankhuma C  , Zorinsangi Varte  , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Lalramenga Pachuau
Published: January 2025

Sir,
      We would kindly request you to make the corrigendum in the article recently published Original Article  in Asian Journal of Medical Sciences with the date of publication on 2022-04-01 in Volume 13 No 4 2022 page number 11-17, with the article titled “A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 positive patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital wards in Mizoram, India”
In the website page the order of the authorship is published in a wrong manner, and we realise our mistake for not going through the metadata at the time of submission.
We kindly request you to change the order of the authorship as Sang Zuala, Vankhuma C, Zorinsangi Varte, Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya, Lalramenga Pachuau instead of Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya, Sang Zuala, Vankhuma C , Zorinsangi Varte, Lalramenga Pachuau
Thank you,
Dr. Ganesh Shanmugasundaram Anusuya
Corresponding Author
Knowledge, attitude, and practice about air-borne infection control guidelines: A cross-sectional study among residents doctors of tertiary care hospital in central India
Authors: Heyma Krishna  , Jitendra K Bhargava  , Avinash Jain  , Vikas Patel  , Brahma Prakash
Published: January 2025

Background: Adherence to National Airborne Infection Control Guidelines (NAIC) by health-care facilities is an effective way of reducing the spread of air-borne infections such as H1N1, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and COVID-19 disease.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the gaps in knowledge, attitude, implementation, and satisfaction regarding resources availability of NAIC among postgraduate resident doctors.
Materials and Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted from December 2019 to February 2021 at a medical college in central India. Total 301 interns, postgraduates, and senior residents in surgery and medicine allied clinical departments were included by convenient sampling method. A pre-designed, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and their satisfaction with available resources regarding NAIC. The data collected were tabulated and were analyzed using descriptive test and comparison of means by Analysis of variance test.
Results: Almost 95%, 77%, and 74% of study participants were having adequate KAP on NAIC, respectively. Sixty-one percent participants were satisfied with the resources availability in their work area. Statistically significant association was observed between participants age, designation with their KAP score (P<0.05) and between gender and essential resources provided in the hospital. There was an existence of difference between study participants mean KAP score and essential resources score with statistically significance (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The overall KAP was adequate, but there was a gap that exists between knowledge, practice, and satisfaction for availability of essential resources. The study findings were useful for healthcare workers in designing interventions to improve the adherence toward the NAIC guidelines and also to benchmark evaluation of interventions.
Effect of educational session on antimicrobial consumption pattern in the medical intensive care unit of government tertiary care hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan
Authors: Shashank Sahu  , Priyanka Rathi  , Punam Jakhar  , Susheel Kumar  , Rajveer Singh Rathore  , Divya Saran
Published: January 2025

Background: Polypharmacy and inappropriate usage of antibiotics are common in an intensive care unit which may increase morbidity, mortality, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment cost.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the present study is to evaluate the Effect of Educational Session on Antimicrobial consumption pattern in the Medical Intensive Care unit (MICU) of Government Tertiary Care hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan.
Materials and Methods: An interventional study was conducted over a period of 18 months, and the data were obtained from Medical Record Department (MRD) and from the MICU after organizing an educational session, of a tertiary care hospital. All the data were tabulated in summery sheets and were analyzed using computer software SPSS version 20 and Microsoft Excel 2019.
Results: A total 257 cases were reviewed during the study period; among these 46.77% were males and 53.23% were females in MRD group, out of 124 cases and 53.38% were males and 46.62% were females in MICU group, out of 133 cases. In MRD group mean age of patients was 56.16 and in MICU group mean age of patients was 56.00 years.
Discussion: A total of 616 antimicrobial drugs were prescribed, out of which Amoxiclav was most frequently given in MRD group and Meropenem was most frequently given in MICU group. Conclusion: This study gave an overview of antimicrobial use in the MICU and helped to find out the consumption pattern that would spread awareness among the prescribers.
Recurrent atraumatic subdural hematoma with pregnancy – An unusual case
Authors: Sibaji Dasgupta  , Sourabh Guria
Published: January 2025

Atraumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rare occurrence in neurosurgery practice. Such a case in pregnancy is also very rare. Here, we present a case of 33 weeks pregnant female presented with SDH which was operated and there was recurrence of similar hematoma in the same patient in the postpartum period. The primary cause in both the hematomas was unknown, but a pregnancy related or other risk factors may be responsible for causation of the hematomas in this case.
Evaluation of perceived stress and its correlation with personality traits in undergraduate students
Authors: Shanmukha Varalakshmi Vangara  , Anita Kumari  , Dhananjay Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background: Stress is a normal psychological, physiological, and behavioral response of any individual. It is the struggle of an individual to cope up with the situation doing more than one’s ability. It can lead to ill health over a period of time, if ignored. Personality refers to one’s behavior toward the environment and oneself. Stress can regulate personality of an individual. It may create great impact on their educational and emotional behavior in student’s life. It is essential to identify and counsel the students undergoing excessive stress and having negative personality.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate perceived stress and correlate it with personality traits in undergraduate students. (i) To evaluate perceived stress in undergraduate students using Perceived Stress Scale (ii) To evaluate personality traits using Eysenck Personality Inventory Scale (iii) To classify students having different personality traits (iv) To correlate perceived stress levels with different personality traits.
Materials and Methods: This study evaluates perceived stress and personality in 130 nursing and paramedical students attending a corporate college. Two scales – EPI scale proposed and PSS were used. Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson’s correlation were calculated to determine the relationship between personality traits and perceived stress.
Results: Mean values of neuroticism, extraversion, and lie score are greater in males than in females. Females had statistically significant higher mean stress values than males. Majority of the students were under moderate stress with 72.6% and 81.1% among male and female subjects, respectively. On comparison, percentage of neuroticism cases was higher in females (49.1%) than males (35.6%). More introvert percentages were found in male subjects compared to females. More ambivert percentages were noted in females than in males. Percentage reliability was greater in females compared to males.
Conclusion: This study reveals that higher the neurotic factor greater is the perceived stress and higher the values of extraversion lower are the perceived stress values. Gender differences were noticeable in perceived stress. Hence, the aspect of counseling can be adopted accordingly to understand the psychology of the fresher’s and modulate their mind set to help them cope with academic and personal life situations in an efficient way.
10-mm versus 5-mm umbilical port in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A comparative study in a medical college in Eastern India
Authors: Subhadip Sarkar  , Biswarup Bose  , Banyeswar Pal
Published: January 2025

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) the most common laparoscopic surgery performed worldwide. The surgical technique of LC has undergone many modifications; in respect to reduction of port sizes or number of ports. Conventionally, 10-mm 30° laparoscope is being used but, 5-mm 30° laparoscopes through 5-mm umbilical port (modified LC) are also being utilized by many surgeons worldwide.
Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the outcome of conventional LC with modified LC, in terms of feasibility, safety, and efficacy.
Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out in the Department of Surgery, ESIC-PGIMSR, Joka during June 2017–December 2018. One hundred and fifty patients of diagnosed symptomatic gall stone disease were randomly allocated into two study groups. Group-I contained 75 patients, who underwent LC by conventional method whereas, and 75 patients in Group-II underwent LC by modified method. Follow-up was done at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The mean operating time and mean pain score over umbilical wound were found to be statistically significant. However, no significant differences were obtained in terms of average hospital stay, post-surgical complications such as post-site bleeding, cystic artery bleeding, biliary spillage, and wound infection. Only one patient in the 10-mm umbilical port group, having body mass index of 31 developed umbilical port-site hernia. Regarding wound cosmesis, no significant difference was obtained.
Conclusion: Performing LC with a 5-mm 30° laparoscope through 5-mm umbilical port is a safe and feasible option for laparoscopic surgeons.
The case series of spontaneous hemoperitoneum in third trimester pregnancy
Authors: Akriti Gupta  , Uttara Gupta  , Anand Gupta
Published: January 2025

Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP) is unprovoked intraperitonealbleeding. It is a rare entity but a life-threatening complication as it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. It is a surgical emergency and requireslaparotomy to identify the cause. Complication of pregnancy and spontaneous hemoperitoneum wasincluded in the study, and cases involving pregnancy termination and ectopic pregnancy were excluded from the study.Maternal demographics, description of spontaneous hemoperitoneum, and specifics diagnosis and management were recorded. Data were extracted and entered in reporting forms. Median values were calculated for continuous variables, and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. The authors reported three cases of SHiP were seen. The gestational age of the patient included in the studywas36 weeks, 38 weeks, and 34+6 weeks, respectively. In the first 2 cases, clinical picture was pointing toward maternal hypovolemia while in 1st case ultrasound s/o fetal demise and in the 2nd case, there was fetal distress. In the 3rd mentioned case, fetal distress was observed on the examination, and hemoperitoneum was the incidental finding which was due to endometriosis.The cause of SHiPis rupture of posterior wall of the uterus, rupture of utero-ovarian vessels, and endometriosis.
Study to determine prevalence of poor sleep quality and its correlation with sleep hygiene practices among medical students
Authors: Massarat Begum  , Dimple Siri Chandana Puchakayala
Published: January 2025

Background: Sleep is essential to optimize physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning of the body. Sleep quality is a critical dimension of both physical and mental health. Poor sleep quality among medical students may have both academic and health consequences.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the subjective sleep quality and determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students. The study also aimed to evaluate their sleep hygiene practices and determine its correlation with sleep quality.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 120 medical students after receiving Institutional Ethical Committee approval and informed consent from participants. They were subjected to self-administered questionnaires to document socio-demographic details and to assess sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep hygiene practices using Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). The data were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: The study showed that the prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students was 49.16%. The mean±SD global score of PQSI was 5.5±2.3. Chi-square test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in sleep quality between males and females. Ninety (75%) students had higher values of SHI (>16). Pearson’s correlation showed the positive correlation between higher global scores of PSQI with higher SHI scores to be statistically significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion: There is prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students, which is significantly associated with inadequate sleep hygiene. This needs to be addressed by promoting optimal sleep hygiene practices.
Efficacy of urine reagent strips for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cellularity and biochemical parameters
Authors: Nikita Singh  , Suresh Kumar Sutrakar  , Uday Raj Singh  , Lokesh Tripathi
Published: January 2025

Background: Meningitis is a severe infection affecting the central nervous system requiring early management to prevent debilitating consequences and death. Detection of meningitis can be done by the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cellularity and biochemistry (glucose and protein concentration). Urine reagent strips can be used to assess these variables and reach to the diagnosis of meningitis early, thereby, reducing the delay in the initiation of its treatment.
Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of urine reagent strips for the analysis of CSF.
Materials and Methods: The current prospective study was done in a tertiary care center in Rewa, M.P., on 100 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from the children suspected of meningitis, which were, then, analyzed by both the conventional methods of CSF analysis (including routine biochemical and microscopic analysis) the index test, utilizing the Combur-10 urine reagent strips for the estimation of CSF cell, protein, and glucose. These results were, then, correlated to calculate the diagnostic utility of urine reagent strips for the rapid diagnosis of meningitis.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of urine reagent strips for the detection of cell count >10/cumm were 81.81%, 98.21%, and 91%, respectively, and 78.57%, 81.25%, and 79% for detection of protein >30 mg/dL. Reagent strips showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96.85% and 79.41% for the detection of glucose levels <50 mg/dL. The two methods showed an almost perfect degree of agreement for the detection of leucocytes with Cohen’s kappa value of 0.86.
Conclusion: Reagent strips can be a helpful bedside screening test for the detection of meningitis and also in resource-limited settings.
A comparative study of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients between the first and second wave of COVID-19 at a tertiary care center
Authors: Nilay Dhore  , Amod Ahuja  , Kunj Naik  , Mayur Patil  , Shashi Prabha Prasad  , Varsha Manade
Published: January 2025

Background: SARS CoV-2 has become a household name since early 2019 and till very recently has shown many mutations, some of which were predictable in behavior whereas some have been quite bizarre. With all these surreal mutants of the virus, the basic signs and symptoms of the infection also were diversified. A few studies compared the conjunctivitis features of the first and second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the evidence of conjunctivitis between the first and second wave of COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective and observational research, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. We evaluated the patients including detailed history taken from the medical records and ocular evaluation was carried out by a trained ophthalmologist who was posted in the COVID-19 ward at that time. The patient’s symptoms were compared with the severity of COVID-19 disease classified as mild, moderate, and based on oxygen support given to the patient.
Results: A total of 150 patients were evaluated in this study, of which 50 patients were from the first wave and 100 were from second wave of COVID-19. Among the total patients, about (80%) of patients with mild severity of COVID-19 disease were from in first wave v/s (61%) patients with mild severity of disease were from the second wave. Furthermore, it was observed that disease severity with moderate patients from the first wave was around (20%) v/s (39%) in the second wave. Among the total patients’ data, 66% of patients infected with conjunctivitis were in the first wave of COVID-19 and approximately 56% of patients infected with conjunctivitis were found in the second wave, respectively. About 18% of patients from the first wave and 39% of patients from the second wave with moderate severity required oxygen support. The fluorescein staining, as well as congestion, showed no significant difference in the number of patients between both waves.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that both the waves only reported dryness and no clinical signs of conjunctivitis. The present study concludes that increased oxygenation support may act as one of the contributing factor for increased dryness and thereby may lead to various ocular infections.
An acute ischemic stroke after multiple bee stings in an elderly patient
Authors: Niranjan Mambally Rachaiah  , Rajashekar Hirisave Kalegowda  , Rashmi Bhadravathy Krishnaswamy
Published: January 2025

Although bee stings can cause local and systemic allergic reactions, neurological complications are rare. There are few reports of stroke following bee or wasp stings. We report a 70-year-old healthy man developed a focal neurologic deficit 5 hours after multiple bee stings, which was confirmed to be an acute ischemic stroke on computed tomography (CT) scan.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.7892
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 55-58
Penile Metastases presenting as priapism in Carcinoma Prostate -A Case Report and review of literature
Authors: Sweety Gupta  , Dinesh Singh  , Sandeep Agarwal  , Sudarsan De
Published: January 2025

Metastatic neoplasms of the penis are uncommon. The most common primary organs have been reported to be the bladder and prostate. In the present report, a patient with priapism was demonstrated to have carcinoma prostate complicated with penile, lung, and liver metastasis in the absence of bone involvement and normal serum PSA levels.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.7827
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 51-54
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Lung metastasizing to Jejunum – A rare presentation with review of Literature
Authors: Amit Gupta  , Ashutosh Tandon  , Abhay Kumar  , Sunil Kumar  , Usha Rani Singh
Published: January 2025

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung is not one of the commoner varieties of neoplasia found in the lungs. There are around 100 cases in literature which suggest the metastasis of various kinds of lung carcinomas to gastro intestinal tract (GIT). Metastasis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma to small bowel is rare. This is a rare case in which the primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of lung presented with metastasis and perforation of small bowel.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.5370
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 47-50
Micro needling - Facts and Fictions
Authors: Amit Bahuguna
Published: January 2025

On 24th June 2013, the author's name was changed from Bahuga to Bahuguna.Two sentences were added to the section 'Tall Claims' on p.3. The corrected PDF is available by clicking on the link below.
Micro needling or what is more commonly known as the derma-rolling is a new minimally-invasive avatar of an age old procedure. Micro needling has recently attained popularity as it is cheap, effective and can be used safely with minimal training. The basic principle is to create a controlled injury, thereby inducing the body to respond by producing more collagen in the treated area. Microneedling can be combined with other acne scar treatments for better results. Although it may not do justice to all the indications claimed by a plethora of manufacturers, if used judiciously it can prove to be a wonderful addition to the armamentarium of a dermatologist.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.5392
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 1-4
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging of medulla oblongata and substantia nigra in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Netra Rana  , Shaohui Ma  , Ming Zhang  , Subesh Dahal  , Zhi-Gang Min
Published: January 2025

Objective: To use 1.5T 1H-MRS as a research tool in vivo and demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining long-echo 1H MR spectra in small volumes like substantia nigra (SN) and medulla oblongata (MO) in healthy volunteers and patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and observe the clinical correlations.
Subjects and Methods: Twenty patients of the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) were recruited from the Out Patient Department of Neurology. Additionally, 14 age-matched healthy subjects were taken as controls group. After baseline evaluation, the patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent 1H-MRS study. All MR examinations were performed on a 1.5 T system (Philips Gyroscan Intera, Netherlands) using a standard quadrature head coil.
Results: We succeeded to achieve 74.19% and 77.42% of spectra from MO and SN of both PD and control groups. MO showed slightly weak negative result to total UPDRS and UPDRS- II, but no significant correlation was found between metabolites and clinical indexes in MO. The result also showed no significant correlations between H&Y scale and metabolites in MO and SN of PD patients. But there was a significant correlation between H&Y, NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr in SN.
Conclusions: MRS ratios from MO and SN does not play any significant role to differentiate PD from the normal subjects, but metabolites ratios from SN of PD patient can help to understand the progression and severity of the disease. Therefore, it is not practical to employ MRS as a diagnostic tool for PD.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8066
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 76-85
Anthropometric indicators as predictors of high blood pressure among the Ao tribe of North-East India
Authors: Temsutola Maken  , Lalmunlien Robert Varte
Published: January 2025

Objective: Hypertension is related to increased body fat, which can be evaluated by anthropometric indicators among the Aos, a tribe of North-East India.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 1804 Ao adults (male= 890) (females= 914) aged 18 to 70 years. We considered the following anthropometric indicators: body mass index, waist circumference, waist-tohip ratio and waist-to-stature ratio. To identify predictors of high blood pressure, we adopted the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves with a confidence interval of 95%.
Result: For males, the area under curve with confidence intervals were BMI = 0.691 (0.67-0.712); waist circumference=0.757 (0.739-0.775); waist-to-hip ratio=0.692 (0.671-0.713); waist-to-stature ratio = 0.763 (0.745-0.781) and Conicity index = 0.734 (0.716-0.716). For females, the values were BMI = 0.754 (0.732-0.776); waist circumference = 0.762 (0.74-0.784); waist-to-hip ratio = 0.690 (0.668-0.784), waist-to-stature ratio=0.776 (0.753-0.799) and Conicity index=0.722 (0.701-0.743). Different cut off points of anthropometric indicators with better predictive power and their relevant sensitivities and specificities were identified.
Conclusion: BMI does not show a very good area under the ROC curve. It seems that waist-to-stature ratio is the best predictor, followed by waist circumference and Conicity index among the males and results in high sensitivity and specificity to hypertension. We suggest the use of both waistto- stature ratio and waist circumference to predict hypertension among males. Among females, waist-to-stature ratio is the best predictor, followed by waist circumference and body mass index.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.6275
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 15-22
In vitro effect of Allopurinol on sickling rate and uric acid level in sickle cell erythrocyte.
Authors: Johnkennedy Nnodim
Published: January 2025

Objective: Allopurinol is a drug used for the prevention of gout. The in vitro effect of allopurinol on human plasma and erythrocyte of sickle cell haemoglobin(HbSS) were investigated on uric acid level and sickling rate respectively.
Methods: The determination was carried out on samples from 9-25years attending General Hospital Owerri. The plasma uric acid level and sickling rate were determined prior to and after incubation with 100mg standard dose of allopurinol.
Results: The plasma uric acid level was significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with the control while sickling rate was significantly increased when compared with the control (p <0.05).The results obtained demonstrated that allopurinol could hasten sickling rate and decrease uric acid level.
Conclusion: These observations suggest that allopurinol concentration in the circulation might induce marked increased in erythrocyte sickling in vivo and reduced the antioxidant ability of uric acid level in sickle cell disease. Consequently, slow recovery from a sickling crisis. This may be detrimental in the management of sickle cell disease
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.7992
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 5-7
Unusual Case of Giant Multicystic Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma of Mandible in a 70 years old Male
Authors: Singh Prem , Monika Garg  , Samal Nauhria  , Sonam Gupta
Published: January 2025

Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-4 (2013), Pages 1-2
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i4.7847
Acute Gastric Necrosis in a Fourteen-Year Old Child
Authors: Pravin Kumar Joshi
Published: January 2025

Acute gastric necrosis is a rare entity of several possible causes. Progression of the disease is usually fulminant and diagnosis is made during surgery only. A-14 year child with acute onset abdominal pain and vomiting and with features of shock presented to the hospital. Rapid progression of surgical abdomen, hemorrhagic drainage in nasogastric tube and presence of gas in the portal vein could be a strong indicator of gastric necrosis. Recognizing the risk factors and prompt surgical intervention is the key to management.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-4 (2013), Pages 44-48
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i4.8083
Extraocular Myocysticercosis Involving Levator Palpebrae Superioris-Superior Rectus Complex: A Rare case Report
Authors: Ansari Sajid , Mukesh Kumar Gupta  , Kaleem Ahmad  , Kanchan Dhungel  , Abhishek Kumar  , Raj Kumar Rauniyar
Published: January 2025

The ocular involvement of the cysticercosis is a rare entity involving eyelids, extraocular muscles, orbit, conjunctiva, anterior chamber, uvea, retina, vitreous and optic nerve. All the extraocular muscles are involved in myocysticercosis. Ultrasonography and Computed tomography are the imaging modalities for evaluation of ocular cysticercosis. The patients can be treated with systemic steroids and albendazole; however surgical excision is the treatment of choice. We report a rare case of extraocular myocysticercosis in nine years old boy diagnosed on ultrasonography and computed tomography.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-4 (2013), Pages 36-39
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i4.8163
Primary Orbital Myxoid Liposarcoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Chen Niu  , Netra Rana  , Zhi Gang Min  , Ming Zhang
Published: January 2025

Liposarcomas are common malignant soft-tissue tumors, which come from primitive mesenchymal cells and differentiate into adipose tissue. These tumors are more commonly found in lower limbs and retroperitoneal region but also reported in pharynx, lung, liver, digestive tract, diaphragm, as well as in the spermatic cord. We reported a case of primary orbital myxoid liposarcoma in a 20-year-old female patient presented with a painless proptosis of the right eye. The mass was pathologically diagnosed as a myxoid liposarcoma. The tumor recurred in 9 months after surgical intervention. The second surgery was performed and followed by postoperative local radiotherapy. No recurrence has been reported after one year of follow-up. We highlighted the role of CT and MRI findings in the tumor diagnosis and the importance of local radiotherapy after surgery.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-4 (2013), Pages 28-32
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i4.8311
Needlestick Injuries among Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Work Hazard or Lack of Awareness?
Authors: Angrup Archana , Thakur Kamlesh  , Jaryal Subhash Chand  , Sood Anuradha  , Chandel Lata
Published: January 2025

Objectives: The present study addresses this important issue of NSI and aims at determining their occurrence among the nursing staff in Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College (RPGMC) and hospital, Kangra at Tanda (H.P).
Methods: A cross sectional study undertaken amongst the nursing staff of Dr RPGMC and hospital, Kangra at Tanda.
Results: Out of the 164 respondents, 35(21.3%) reported to having one or more NSIs in their career and the maximum of these were amongst the nurses whose work experience was less than five years (13.4%).
Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the importance of the need for an increased awareness of the risk of needlestick injury, the need to provide for the training and education of health-care workers
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.4971
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.58-62
Post Keratoplasty Keratitis with Pandrug Resistant Pseudomonas spp. Showing False Susceptibility to Carbapenems
Authors: Munesh K Gupta  , Tuhina Banerjee  , Saurabh K Patel  , Gopal Nath  , Abhisekh Chandra  , Ragini Tilak
Published: January 2025

Pandrug resistant Pseudomonas keratitis is an emerging cause of bacterial keratitis challenging clinicians for prompt and prudent treatment to avoid disaster of loss of eye. We report two cases of pandrug resistant keratitis following penetrating keratitis caused by Pseudomonas spp. It was only after a detailed laboratory characterization of the isolates that revealed their pandrug resistant character and helped in successful management of the condition.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8366
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.70-72
Cavum Vergae with Transient Loss of Conciousness in a Child: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review
Authors: FU Uduma  , N Adams
Published: January 2025

Cavum vergae is a triangular fluid filled cavity posterior to foramen of Monro. They are seen in premature and term infants up to 2 months of age. It is of little clinical significance.
Our patient is a 14year old girl with cavum vergae diagnosed with brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These investigations were sequel to episodes of headache and one hour loss of consciousness with no antecedent complaints. Since no complicating evidence of hydrocephalus was seen, she was managed symptomatically.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.8107  
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.73-76
Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to the Brain
Authors: Shashikant CU Patne  , Satyajit Pradhan  , Reena Mittal  , Mohan Kumar  , Pranay Tanwar
Published: January 2025

Spread of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) commonly occurs vialocal lymphatic channels. Owing to scanty lymphatic drainage and vascular supply, SCC arising from the glottis rarely metastasizes. A 39-year-old male, operated for SCC of the glottis, presented 13 months later with complaints of headache. Computed tomography revealed a single ring-enhancing lesion in the right temporo-parietal region of the brain, suggestive of brain abscess. However, histopathological examination of the excised brain lesion showed metastasis of moderately differentiated SCC. Here, we report a rarecase of distant hematogenous brain metastasis of SCC of the glottis.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.5205
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.77-80
Unilateral Third Head of Biceps Brachii with Associated Neurovascular Variants in both the Upper Limbs of a Single Cadaver
Authors: C Swathi Poornima  , B Bhagyalakshmi
Published: January 2025

During routine undergraduate dissection in the upper extremities of a 65 years old male cadaver in the department of Anatomy at Dr. PSIMS & RF, coexistence of muscular and neurovascular variants were identified .Muscular variations included presence of additional head(third) of biceps brachii in the left arm, accompanied with medially positioned median nerve in relation to brachial artery bilaterally . Teres minor muscle was not identified and the origin of long head of triceps brachii extended upto the lateral border of scapula on the left side. Both the medial cutaneous nerves of arm and forearm arouse from a single trunk bilaterally. In the right limb the axillary artery showed only four branches instead of six branches, with common trunk for thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic artery and common trunk for subscapular and posterior circumflex humeral artery. Knowledge of coexistence of these variations would of profound importance surgically and clinically, especially in limb injuries and surgical repairs.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i1.7391  
Asian Journal of Medical Science Vol.5(1) 2014 pp.81-85
Causes and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Importance of Right Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Sunil J. Wimalawansa
Published: January 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious debilitating syndrome with significant personal, social, and economic consequences. People with PTSD experience one or more major symptoms that include flashbacks and paranoia, difficulty in interpersonal relationships, and problems engaging in work and activities of daily living. In severe cases they can harm themselves or the others; but these events are preventable by appropriate therapies.
PTSD is a well-characterized serious psychological and behavioural abnormality that occurs after exposure to one or more acute severe stressful events. It often occurs among soldiers returning from battlefields and the civilian victims of war. However, it also occurs in non-war situations, such as terrorist attacks or serious accidents; sexual abuse, rape, or other violent acts; and school or workplace bullying, harassment, or retaliation. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of PTSD is made too infrequently, particularly in the post-conflict periods in developing countries. This is in part because of inadequate awareness but also due to limited resources and expertise.
Consequently, the resources for clinical care and research are diverted to other forms of behavioral issues, such as adjustment disorders. The treatment of PTSD needs to be well coordinated so that all stakeholders work synergistically using the resources necessary for the prolonged treatment and follow-ups. PTSD is underdiagnosed, and even misdiagnosed or mislabeled as depression or adjustment disorders. The failure to make a timely diagnosis or mislabeling of PTSD likely will harm victims and their families and may lead to negative outcomes, including suicide. The provision of appropriate, well organized, individualized, cost-effective treatment plans should alleviate PTSD symptoms and enable those with the disorder to return to their normal productive lives.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8537
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2014): 1-13
Prevalence of Anaemia among Pregnant Women of Rural Community in Vizianagaram, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhargavi Vemulapalli  , K Kameswara Rao
Published: January 2025

Objective: Anemia is the most frequently observed nutritional diseases in the world. It is a major health problem that affects 25-50% population of world and nearly 50% of pregnant women. In India, anemia is the second most common cause of maternal deaths, accounting for 20% of maternal deaths. The main objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of anemia among rural pregnant women of Vizianagram and to explore associated factors with anemia.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Mother and child hospital, Vizianagram, Vizianagram district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Pregnant women with any age of gestation period, parity and age were recruited for study. Estimation of hemoglobin was carried by standard sahli’s pipette method. Anemia was classified according to WHO grading criteria.
Results: Nine hundred eighty-six subjects were enrolled for the study of whom all the study subjects did not meet the criteria of WHO standards of normal grade i.e >11gm/dl. 100% anemic condition was seen. 52.73% has a mild degree of anemia, 40.97% have moderate degree of anemia and 6.28% of population has severe degree of anemia. Pregnant women in 1st trimester of their gestation period has higher prevalence rate than in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Parity has not showed any significant relation with anemia.
Conclusion: The study confirms that preventing anemia is a challenge. Efforts should be geared towards the early detection and treatment of anemia before delivery to avoid various maternal and fetal complications. 
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.5295  
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 21-25
A Study of Some Predictors of Anaemia in Children of Under-Five Years in India
Authors: Sankar Goswami  , Kishore K Das
Published: January 2025

Background: The major nutritional problem among young children in India is anaemia that affects the ability to study and work and is significantly associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of anaemia among Indian children of underfive years and to identify the significant risk factors associated with it.
Methods: Data of 35851 children from NFHS-III, India were analyzed and binary logistic regression model was fitted by using SPSS 15.0 software. Anaemia was defined as haemoglobin concentration level below 11 g/dl. HemoCue Hb 201+ analyzer was used to measure haemoglobin concentration.
Results: Overall, 69.5 percent were anaemic with the highest proportion in Bihar and the least in Goa. The age and birth order of child; religion, caste and wealth index of household; anaemia level, education, age at first birth, intake of iron supplements during pregnancy and vegetarian habit of mother showed significant influence on child anaemia.
Conclusion: Child anaemia prevails significantly in India and the findings suggest for urgent prevention and treatment measures giving importance to the different socioeconomic characteristics.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8508
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 26-32