bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of anemia among school-going adolescent girls in a rural community of Telangana
Authors: Reddy Arun Kiran Soodi , Lahari PLSS
Published: March 2021

Background:

Since anemia is the most prevalent disorder in India, it got the significance to be studied and understood about. It is necessary to make people aware of the causes, the preventive measures, and the importance of nutritional supplements, proper diet required to prevent anemia.

Objective:

The objective of the study was to study prevalence, knowledge, and risk factors of anemia among school-going adolescent girls.

Materials and Methods:

This was a school-based cross-sectional study among 260 randomly selected adolescent school girls (10–19 years) from different private and government schools were included in the study. Study subjects were interviewed using a preformed and pretested, semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin was measured using hemoglobinometer.

Results:

Mean age was 12.64 ± 1.53 years. Only 10% knew about anemia. Only 20% opined that decrease in red blood cells causes anemia. Majority did not know which mineral deficiency causes anemia. Nearly 10% said that hemoglobin is measured to find anemia. Only one-fourth felt that heavy blood loss during menstruation can cause anemia. Nearly 50% felt that anemics have weakness, breathlessness, and are more prone to infectious diseases. Less than 10% of the study participants knew about iron-rich foods. Less than 5% knew that coffee, tea, and milk hamper iron absorption and Vitamin-C enhances. Half of them knew that anemia is a life-threatening condition in severe cases and may require blood transfusion. Only 20% knew about anemia prophylaxis program. There was no significant difference among different variables such as different age groups, religion, socioeconomic status, type of family, and diet. However, there was a significant difference among different categories of body mass index and anemia.

Conclusion:

Prevalence of anemia is higher (96.5%) among school-going adolescents in a rural community of Telangana. Overall, the knowledge levels are quite low.
On a Weighted Adachi–Tanaka Type Trudinger–Moser Inequality in Nonradial Sobolev Spaces
Authors: Albuquerque Francisco S.B.
Published: March 2021

In this article we establish a Trudinger–Moser inequality of Adachi–Tanaka type in nonradial weighted Sobolev spaces for functions defined on the whole

\mathbb{R}^{N}

. The main tools are the Besecovitch covering lemma and a Trudinger–Moser inequality on the whole space established by S. Adachi and K. Tanaka.
Колмогоровские поперечники классов Бесова $B^1_{1,\theta }$ и произведений октаэдров
Authors: Malykhin Yuri Viatcheslavovich
Published: March 2021

Найдены порядки колмогоровских поперечников классов Бесова, близких к классу $W^1_1$ (для которого порядок поперечников неизвестен): $d_n(B^1_{1,\theta }[0,1],L_q[0,1])\asymp n^{-1/2}\log ^{\max \{1/2,1-1/\theta \}}n$ при $2<q<\infty $, $1\le \theta \le \infty $. Доказательство использует оценку снизу для поперечника декартова произведения октаэдров в специальной норме (максимум двух весовых $\ell _{q_i}$-норм). Эта оценка обобщает теорему Б.С. Кашина о поперечнике октаэдра в $\ell _q$.
Socio-economic determinants of best land management practices adoption in highly anthropized areas: case study of Dan Saga and Tabofatt village clusters in Niger republic
Authors: Saidou S. , Iro D.G. , Ambouta J.M.K.
Published: March 2021

The objective sought by this study is to highlight the socio-economic determinants that could be helpful in scaling up of best land management practices in high demographics areas. Indeed, a survey was carried out in Dan Saga and Tabofatt two villages’ clusters in order to identify the driver factors which explain the high adoption of best land management practices in these areas. The data were collected from 200 farmers (100 from each cluster), randomly chosen. The survey addressed the likelihood of farmer to use agroforestry practices and or erosion control practices, on the basis of four socioeconomics variables: the educational level of farmer (Instr), the distance between their farm and habitation (Prox), the possession of Harnessed Cultivation Unit (HCU) and the land tenure status (Land). Data were subjected to an analysis by statistical modeling of logistic regression. The results show that agroforestry technology is predominated in Dan Saga cluster (90% of citation for agroforestry practices) compare to Tabofatt cluster where people use mostly erosion control practices (76% of citation for erosion control practices). Among the socioeconomics variables, three main factors significantly influenced the adoption of best land management; the educational level of peasants, the modality of land tenure by purchase and by inheritance and the possession of harness unit. In addition, the main land management technologies perform a high profitability compare to state of inaction. These results could serve as a lever for scaling up of regreening policy in other degraded areas of Sahel’s region.
Nutritional composition, microbial load and consumer acceptability of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus), date (Phoenix dactylifera l.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) blended beverage
Authors: Ariyo O. , Adetutu O. , Keshinro O.
Published: March 2021

Beverage consumption is increasing but rarely used to promote micronutrient intakes in Nigeria. Diversifying the crops in local beverage production could improve dietary diversification and increase nutrients intake. This study determined the nutritional composition, microbial load and consumer acceptability of tiger nut, date and ginger blended beverage. Fresh tiger nuts, date and ginger were processed to formulate four beverage blends in these ratios 100:0:0; 85:10:5; 70:20:10; and 55:30:15. Samples were analysed for proximate, vitamins, minerals, anti-nutrients content and microbiological attributes using standard procedures. Consumer acceptability was determined using a 9-point hedonic scale by 30 untrained panelists. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. Moisture, protein, fat, fibre, ash, carbohydrate (mg 100 g–1) and metabolizable energy composition (kCal 100 ml–1) ranged from 80.33-84.78, 0.71-0.8, 2.96-4.94, 0.20-1.63, 0.34-0.44, 9.10-13.63 and 78.2-101.5, respectively. Thiamin, niacin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol composition (mg 100 g–1) ranged from 0.30-0.68, 0.08-0.17, 4.73-8.40, and 7.20-15.31, respectively. Calcium, potassium, phosphorus, and iron contents (mg 100 g–1) ranged from 1.07-6.79, 164.8-259.3, 43.86-47.1, and 6.88-9.26, respectively. Saponin ranged from 0.01-0.05 mg 100 g–1. Number of colonies were negligible after refrigeration for 10 days. Sensory properties ranged from 6.40-6.63, 4.93-6.40, 4.70-7.20, 5.93-6.90, and 5.27-7.17 for appearance, aroma, taste, consistency and general acceptability, respectively. Date and ginger substitution enhance fibre, ash, carbohydrate, and calcium composition, the shelf life and sensory properties of tiger nut beverage, the blends are generally acceptable to consumers and considered safe up to day 10 when refrigerated.
Evaluation of growth response of Parkia biglobosa (JACQ) under different levels of organic manures
Authors: Mukhtar R.B. , Inuwa A. , Umar M.
Published: March 2021

An investigation was carried out to evaluate early growth of Parkia biglobosa under different levels of organic manures in the nursery in order to promote its sustained utilization and regeneration. Seeds were sown in the germination bed at the nursery of Department of Forestry and Fisheries of KSUST, Aliero which took average of three days to germinate and at two weeks after germination, seedlings were transplanted into polythene bags (16 × 14 × 12 cm) filled with cow dung, poultry manure and farmyard manure at 40, 70 and 100 g kg–1 of top soil and top soil only was used as control. The experiment was laid in a completely randomized design with nine replications. Data collection commenced two weeks after transplanting and was done fortnightly for 12 weeks on stem height, collar diameter and number of leaves. Biomass was assessed at twelve weeks and the data were analysed using analysis of variance and follow up tests were conducted with Duncan Multiple Range Tests. The result revealed significant effect on all the variables (stem height, collar diameter and number of leaves) assessed, where poultry droppings at 40 g kg–1 and cow dung at 100 g kg–1 gave the highest growth and cow dung was recommended.
Evaluation of antimycobacterial activity of medicinal plants used by Malian traditional medicine practitioners to treat tuberculosis
Authors: Ballo Mahamadou , Somboro Anou M. , Maiga Mamoudou , Diarra Bassirou , Sanogo Moumine , Denou Adama , Togola Adiaratou , Youl Estelle N.H. , Bah Sekou , Sanogo Rokia , Diallo Drissa
Published: March 2021

Global Tuberculosis (TB) control is facing major challenges such as occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR). The current TB drugs are getting less effective and associated with side effects limiting their use, especially with MDR and XDR infected patients. In Mali, many medicinal plants are used against various diseases including bacterial infections. The study aimed at studying the antimycobacterial activities of 60 extracts from 22 Malian medicinal. The antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was assessed employing micro-broth dilution method. Out of 60 extracts evaluated, eleven from nine different plants were found to be active against H37Rv strain. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranked from 125 μg/mL to 1250 μg/mL. The most active extracts (125 μg/mL) were represented by ethanolic extract of Saba senegalensis and Vitellaria paradoxa leaves, dichloromethane extract of Cola cordifolia leaves, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana roots. Ethanolic extract of Zizyphus mauritiana, Guiera senegalensis and methanolic extract of Anthocleista djalonensis also prevented the growth of H37Rv at 250 μg/mL. The results suggest that Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Cola cordifolia, Strychnos spinosa and Ximenia Americana could be potential sources of antimycobacterial molecules
Evaluation of the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of two aromatic plants used in the production of sweet wort and tchapalo, two artisanal beverages from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Diarrassouba Dolourou , Aka Solange , Ouattara Karamoko , Bagre Issa , Zinzindorf Nanga Yesse , Dje Koffi Marcellin , Loukou Yao Guillaume
Published: March 2021

The search for new antimicrobial molecules from natural sources is an opportunity to preserve food. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the leaves of Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) and the bark of Grewia venusta (Tilaceae), two aromatic plants used in the production of sweet must and tchapalo. Phytochemical screening from the aqueous, decocted and methanolic extracts of these plants was performed using standard colorimetric methods. Antimicrobial activity was also evaluated on 21 strains using the well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Bactericides were determined respectively by the liquid macro-dilution and agar plating methods. Results showed the presence of tannins, triterpenoids, cardiotonic glycosides and saponins in these extracts. All extracts were active on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 with inhibition diameters ranging from 10.33±1 to 20.3±1.5 mm. The methanolic extracts had the lowest MICs (12.5 mg/mL), with bactericidal and/or fungicidal activity on most of the microbial strains tested. These results confirm the antimicrobial activities of the phytochemical compounds of these plants that could play the role of stabilizer and preservative of sweet wort and tchapalo.

La recherche de nouvelles molécules antimicrobiennes à partir de sources naturelles est une opportunité pour conserver les aliments. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la composition phytochimique et les propriétés antimicrobiennes des feuilles de Adansonia digitata (Bombacaceae) et des écorces de Grewia venusta (Tilaceae), deux plantes aromatiques utilisées dans la production du moût sucré et du tchapalo. Le criblage phytochimiques à partir des extraits aqueux, décoctés et méthanoliques de ces plantes a été réalisé selon les méthodes standards de colorimétries. L’activité antimicrobienne a été également évaluée sur 21 souches en utilisant la méthode de diffusion en puits. Les Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrices (CMI) et Bactéricides ont été déterminées respectivement par les méthodes de macro-dilution en milieu liquide et ensemencement sur milieu gélosé. Les résultats ont montré la présence de tannins, de triterpénoïdes, de cardiotoniques glycosides et de saponines dans ces extraits. Tous les extraits ont été actifs sur Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 avec des diamètres d’inhibition allant de 10,33±1 à 20,3± 1,5 mm. Les extraits méthanoliques ont présenté les CMI les plus faibles (12,5 mg/mL), avec une activité bactéricide et/ou fongicide sur la plupart des souches microbiennes testées. Ces résultats confirment les activités antimicrobiennes des composés phytochimiques de ces plantes qui pourraient jouer le rôle de stabilisant et conservateur du moût sucré et du tchapalo.
Formation evaluation of the petrophysical properties of wells in e - field onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Ilevbare M. , Omorogieva O.M.
Published: March 2021

Integrated wireline logs and lithostratigraphic techniques were employed to determine the lithological and petrophysical properties of wells A and B in E- field, onshore Niger Delta. The Reservoirs in both wells were analyzed using a minimum thickness or depth of penetration of 5.0m. For the two wells, Gas Water Contact (GWC), Gas Oil Contact (GOC), and Oil Water Contact (OWC) were found to be present at varying formation depths. GWC, GOC, and OWC at depth of 2967.50m, 3348m and 2286m respectively for well A and a GOC at depth 1715m for well B. The correlation of both wells reveals a gas reservoir, water reservoir, and a non-resistive, but highlyconductive zone at 2450m, 2500m, and 2150m depth respectively. The formation porosity (∅𝑫), total porosity (∅𝑻), effective porosity (∅𝑬) and resistivity values of well A ranges from (27.27 - 39.59) %, (1.3x10 –1 - 37.82) %, ( 1.638x10– 4 – 81. 38)%, (2.05 - 150)Ωm respectively. Conversely, well B measured (27.27 - 36.50) %, (2.25x10–2 - 93.0) %, (9.75x10– 4 - 32.79) % and (2 – 200) Ωm respectively. Hydrocarbon saturation (SHC) and Bulk volume of Hydrocarbon (BVH) for well A ranges from (73.27-95.10)% and (24.24 - 34. 58)% while that of well B ranges from (77.10 - 97. 90)% and (23.36 - 35.53)% for SHC and BVH respectively. The average ∅𝑻 and ∅𝑬 of 56.2% and 42.6% reveal excellent porosities in well A and reservoirs 2,3,4a and 11 in well B with average ∅𝑻and ∅𝑬 of 37.82% and 30.6% also show an excellent porosities. The result from the Petrophysical indices indicates pay zones at reservoirs 10a, 10b and 11 in well A andreservoir 11 in well B which are predominantly gas reserves.

Keywords: Reservoirs, Onshore, Oil and Gas, Petrophysical properties, Niger Delta and Lithology
A distribution network design for fast-moving consumer goods
Authors: Okunade O.S. , Daodu S.A.
Published: March 2021

A distribution network design of fast-moving consumer goods ensures distribution of products in an effective manner by giving  maximum customers’ satisfaction and minimum distribution cost. The study evaluates the distribution through direct shipment and the use of intermediate shipment for distribution of products from plant to depots. A real-life case study in Southwestern Nigeria was defined and solved as a linear programming model to minimise total cost of distribution from plant to the depots with consideration of four routing options. The results show that distribution through intermediaries gives a better solution than routing option with  direct shipment. The best routing option with intermediate points when compared with the routing option with direct shipment gives a savings of 1,819,490.00 Naira which translates to 13.46% cost savings. The study shows that the location of intermediaries is a key decision in distribution network design and that the intermediaries add value to the distribution networks in supply chain.

Keywords: Distribution network; Supply chain design; Fast-moving consumer goods; Linear programming
Coconut shell-based activated carbon as adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Oribayo O. , Olaleye O.O. , Akinyanju A.S. , Omoloja K.O. , Williams S.O.
Published: March 2021

The need to develop more efficient adsorbent, comparable to commercially available adsorbent, is attracting significant interest as promising adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this study, the potential of activated carbon prepared from waste coconut shell (CSAC) for the removal of methylene blue (Mb) from aqueous solution was reported. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of Mb on CSAC. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were employed to fit and analyze the adsorption equilibrium data. The result shows Langmuir isotherm model gave the best fit and an adsorption capacity of 320.5 mg/g was obtained for Mb at pH value of 7, 0.02 g adsorbent dosage and contact time of 4.5 hour. The experimental kinetic data at different initial Mb concentrations was also analyzed with pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The obtained results showed that the pseudo-second order model fits the adsorption kinetic data with R2 range of0.9985-0.9996. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption of Mb on CSAC was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This therefore suggests that (CSAC) is a viable adsorbent for effective removal of dye from wastewater effluent.

Keywords: Activated carbon, Adsorption isotherms, Coconut shells, Methylene blue, kinetics.
Optimisation of process parameters for M.A.G welding of API X70m material to predict tensile strength using Taguchi method
Authors: Akonyi N.S. , Olugboji O.A. , Egbe E.A.P. , Adedipe O. , Lawal S.A.
Published: March 2021

Girth welded replica of API X70M material have been produced on NG-GMAW welding technique. The particular area of interest is to develop suitable girth welding process parameter using NGGMAW. The major aim of the work was to replicate welds having tensile strength between 650 and 680 MPa. Design of Experiment (DoE) method by Taguchi design, using some selected welding processes was adopted. Two process parameters (factors) – arc voltage and wire feed rate, (the variables), and three levels were used. The resultant joint property on tensile strength of X70M pipeline was examined. The targeted mechanical property was achieved by selecting the best process parameters. Their effects on ultimate tensile strength – UTS was analysed using statistical technique – analysis of variance - ANOVA and Signal to Noise - S/N ratio with ‘thebigger-the–better’ value. Validation was done using MIDAS NFX (an FEA) mechanical engineering software. In conclusion, process parameters that affects or influences the girth welded properties of API X70M under field conditions were identified. Guidance for the specifications and selection of processes that could be used in field-welding for optimum performance has been recommended.

Keywords: Optimization, Girth-Weld, Process Parameters, Tensile Strength, NG-GMAW
Control of vortex shedding around a circular cylinder using bubble tabs in the laminar flow regime
Authors: Atofarati E.O. , Muritala A.O. , Malomo B.O. , Adio S.A.
Published: March 2021

Vortex induced vibration (VIV) is the major cause of several catastrophic disasters due to fatigue failures induced by drag and lift forces in aerodynamic systems. This study investigates the control of VIV phenomenon through passive bubble tab(s) having a small diameter (d) relative to the main circular cylinder (D) in a two-dimensional (2-D) flow domain. Using ANSYS Fluent computational software, flow analysis was conducted at a Reynolds number (Re) of 80 for various bubble tab configurations at different spacing ratios (x/D) and diameter ratios (d/D). The drag coefficient, the velocity and pressure contours, along with the flow streamlines in eachcase were studied. The results indicated the optimized tab(s) positions for different spacing ratios, diameter ratios, and  configurations. The study effectively established that passive bubble tabs can potentially control VIV associated with flows around a circular cylinder.

Keywords: Vortex Shedding; Drag Coefficient; Circular Cylinder; Bubble Tab(S); Spacing Ratio; Diameter Ratio.
Sustainable cloud computing for cognitive intent based networks
Authors: Periola A.A. , Obayiuwana E.
Published: March 2021

Intent based networks enable auto-configuration and require low latency access to cloud platforms. The use of cloud platforms incurs high operational costs. Low latency access can be realized by siting data centres close to subscribers. This paper proposes aquaria data centers with low operating costs and latency. In LTE, cloud platforms are normally accessed via the packet network gateway reachable via the serving gateway and mobility management entity. Aquaria data centers are sited close to LTE subscribers and accessed via the mobility management entity. This reduces the size of control packets in the LTE network. Simulations show that the proposed architecture reduces the size of control packets by up to 49.7% and 99.3% when header packets are uncompressed and compressed respectively. The delay associated with receiving configuration information is reduced by 50% on average. The channelcapacity is enhanced by up to 22.8% on average.

Keywords: Data centers, LTE-Advanced, Peak Age of Information, Channel Capacity, Header (Control) Packet
Development of optimized substitution ratio for wheatcassava-african yam bean flour composite for Nigerian bread industries
Authors: Nwatu I.E. , Nwajinka O.C. , Muochebe A.B.
Published: March 2021

An optimization study of the mix ratio for substitution of Wheat flour with Cassava and African Yam Bean flours (AYB) was carried out and reported in this paper. The aim was to obtain a mix ratio that would optimise selected physical properties of the bread. Wheat flour was substituted with Cassava and African Yam Bean flours at different levels: 80% to 100% of wheat, 0% to 10% of cassava flour and 0% to 10% for AYB flour. The experiment was conducted in mixture design which was generated and analysed by Design-Expert Software 11 version. The Composite dough was prepared in different mix ratios according to the design matrix and subsequentlybaked under the same conditions and analysed for the following loaf quality attributes: Loaf Specific Volume, Bread Crumb Hardness and Crumb Colour Index as response variables. The objective functions were to maximize Loaf Specific Volume, minimize Wheat flour, Bread Crumb Hardness and Crumb Colour Index to obtain the most suitable substitution ratio acceptable to  consumers. Predictive models for the response variables were developed with the coefficient of determination (R2 ) of 0.991 for Loaf Specific Volume (LSV) while that of Bread Crumb Hardness (BCH) and Crumb Colour Index (CCI) were 0.834 and 0.895 respectively at 95% confidence interval (CI).The predicted optimal substitution ratio was obtained as follows: 88% Wheat flour, 10% Cassava flour, and 2% AYB flour. At this formulation, the predicted Loaf Specific Volume was 2.11cm3 /g, Bread Crumb Hardness was 25.12N, and Crumb Colour Index was 18.88.The study shows that addition of 2% of AYB flour in the formulation would help to optimise the LSV, BCH and the CCI of the Wheat-Cassava flour bread at the mix ratio of 88:10. Application of the results of this study in bread industries will reduce the cost of bread in Nigeria, which is influenced by the rising cost of imported wheat. This is a significant development because wheat flour was the sole baking flour in Nigeria before wheat substitution initiative.

Keywords: Bread, wheat, Cassava, African Yam Bean, Flour, Dough, Loaf Specific Volume, Crumb Hardness, Crumb Colour Index
An evaluation of safety risk factors during installation and dismantling of tower cranes in construction sites
Authors: Salihu A.A. , Aliyu S.S. , Abubakar M.
Published: March 2021

The construction industry plays a central and significant role in the economy of any nation. One of the major reasons for ineffective project delivery in the Nigerian construction industry is the improper assessment of risk factors. The industry however is currently facing a lot of challenges which include constant increase in the rate of accidents on construction sites which could be dueto ineffective safety management as construction companies are usually interested in maximizing their profit in order to secure funds for new investments, and cover possible expenses associated with the occurrence of risk factors during construction. Installation anddismantling of tower crane had been previously looked at as a general safety issue until, recent research showed that about 69% of accidents related to tower cranes in Korea from 2001-2011, occur during installation and dismantling process. In view of this, this paper aimed at evaluating safety risk factors during installation and dismantling by determining their probability of occurrence and degree of impact with a view to establishing the most significant ones. This is why a well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data with respect to their probability of occurrence and degree of impact using a 5 point Likert scale. Responses from the administered questionnaire and interactions were collated, interpreted and analysed using descriptive statistics (mean) and results presented in tables. Results showed that abrasion (wear and tear of components such as bolts, nuts, or pins) is the most probable factor with a mean value of 3.63. Fracture of a wire rope during dismantling had the highest degree of impact with a mean valueof 4.63. The research concluded that fracture of a wire rope during dismantling and abrasion (wear and tear of components such as bolts, nuts, or pins) are highly affecting factor on safety during installation and dismantling. Adoption of a preventive maintenance strategy or routine check on the tower crane parts and components could help minimize the probability of occurrence and impact of the safety risk factors on site.

Keywords: Accident, Hazard, Safety risk, Tower crane, Probability, Construction industry.
Emprendimiento para la producción de mermeladas en recipientes biodegradables, Río Chico, Ecuador
Authors: Verduga-Pino Alexandra
Published: March 2021

En el artículo se presenta el proyecto de emprendimiento para producir y comercializar mermeladas de banano y naranja en recipientes biodegradables de caña guadua, en el sitio Río Chico, Ecuador. Está dirigido a desarrollar los productos alimenticios 100% natural y artesanal; además contribuye a la conservación del medio ambiente, pues se envasa en un recipiente biodegradable de caña guadua. Se elaboraron las bases de un plan de negocios en particular los aspectos técnicos, comerciales y económicos financieros, que junto a la estructura organizacional propuesta permitiera fundamentar la necesidad y factibilidad del proyecto. Ello va a tener impactos en la comunidad, el empleo femenino y la alimentación sana de la población.

Palabras claves: emprendimiento, microempresa, plan de negocio.
The threats of Putin's doctrine have been ignored
Authors: Mikadze Mirian
Published: March 2021

This article will cover the foreign policy threats of Putin’s doctrine. The genesis of the ideology established by Putin after his rise to power in Russia will also be described. What this article also deals with are the stages during which Putin has altered the foreign policy of the government and emphasized the priorities of domestic policy of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. At the time of Putin’s rise to power Russia required entity and the most effective instrument to do that was to create and use a new ideology. An example of such ideology is the ‘king cult’, the leader of which was Putin himself. Thereby a new political term has appeared - ‘Putinism’ and a strategy of dominance on the Eurasian continent. The article emphasizes that Putin sees the tragedy in the collapse of the Soviet Union. He considers the Free Nations Union to be reincarnated under the auspices of Moscow to further advance the interests of Russia. Special attention is paid to Putin’s foreign policy strategic course, his analytical vision on the setting a ‘fictitious’ partnership with the USA and NATO. Author’s analytical researches triggered the topic of conducting military structure reforms after the aggression in Georgia. After the events in Georgia in August 2008 the Russian government understands the crucial necessity of holding military reforms to be able to compete with the USA on the international stage. The article emphasizes the aggressive strategy of informational war of Russia against Ukraine in 2014, as well as the occupation of the Ukrainian territories that were foreseen by the Putin’s doctrine in the early 2000s and consequently ignored not only by the leaders of Ukrainian state, but also by international community. Informational vacuum of Ukraine jointly with the activity of Russian agencies has led to the political destabilization in the region and the emergence of separatist movements that were supported by Russia as well as the identical movements in Abkhazia, Georgia and Moldova. The article will describe the seven pillars on which Russia relies while conducting foreign political informational and military war in order to diminish the influence of the USA on the former member states of the Soviet Union, as well as to discredit NATO, so as to provide itself with buffer zones of influence and further expansion of its territories and also to gain back the dominance on the Eurasian continent. Emmanuel Macron: - «Emmanuel Macron warns Europe: NATO is becoming brain-dead».
Otto von Bismarck's Empire: Causes and Beginnings of German Colonial Policy (1871 – 1885)
Authors: Troyan Serhiy
Published: March 2021

In the last decades of the 19th century, the German Empire played a significant role in the formation and development of colonialism as a complex international historical phenomenon that required in-depth scientific analysis. However, not all its aspects have been developed by modern science. The purpose of scientific intelligence is to summarize the main socio-political and economic circumstances and reasons for the transition of Kaiser's Germany to official steps in the struggle for the colonies. The growing interest of Bismarck and the German government in the colonial question, the support of the plans and actions of German capital in the colonial arena showed that the ideology of German colonialism was increasingly becoming the official nature of government state political doctrine. It was based on the principle of strengthening the domestic and international positions of Kaiser's Germany, supported by the imperial government. To do this, she needed colonies. Colonial propaganda and colonial ideas became an integral part of the ideology of German colonialism. They directly contributed to Germany's entry into the official colonial annexations in the mid-1880s. The role of the real organizational center of the colonial propaganda movement was played by the German Colonial Union, established in 1882. He relied on the support of the most influential social forces and the German government. By the mid-1880s, German society was ideologically prepared for the country's entry into overseas colonial expansion. There were basic organizational conditions for a successful colonial policy, which manifested itself in the formation and operation of relevant societies, unions, organizations, missions. The government was ready to pursue an active colonial policy, choosing a favorable international environment to begin with. In 1884-1885, the German Empire officially declared its colonies territories in Africa (Angra-Pekena, Southwest Africa, Togo, Cameroon) and Oceania.
Cultural Policy of Australia in the Field of Its Positive Image Creation in the World
Authors: Zernetska Olga
Published: March 2021

This article represents the first attempt in Ukraine of complex interdisciplinary research of the history of cultural policy of Australia in the field of its positive image creation in the world. Australia is unique in recent economic history. It is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. Such economic growth is based on Australia own value system and societal structure. It is proved that at the core of Australian value system is fairness. This is reflected in Australian social services such as health care system and mass education. This policy helps to reduce inequality. It is discovered that the important role in the creation of the positive image of Australia in the first half of the XIX-th century played William Wentworth, the leading Australian political figure of that period. His book “Statistical, Нistorical, and Political Description of The Colony of New South Wales and Its Dependant Settlements in Van Diemen’s Land” was the first book about Australia a native-born Australian wrote. The growth of national literature and then film industry made a great contribution to the development of the positive image of Australia. Historical periods of their development are analysed beginning from 1900 to nowadays. Special attention is payed to the period of the 1970-1980s when Australian state decided to assist the growth of national film industry by different methods including its financing, opening Australian film and television school and building National Film Archive. Positive results are scrutinized, which led to the film production boom of those years, that resulted in the rising interest to the Australian cinema all over the world, for example, “Crocodile Dandy” and its sequels, “Australia” and others. All this enhanced the positive image of Australia. In many ways the rise of Australia’s image resulted in the wave of the immigration to the country as well as to international studentship to receive the Australian higher education. These events can be considered as vivid examples of successful soft power implementation by Australian government and diplomacy.
Evaluating the potential stormwater retention of a living retaining wall system
Authors:   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Ostendorf M , Morgan Susan ,   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Celik Serdar ,   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Retzlaff William ,   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Published: March 2021

Redesigning standard revetment or retaining walls to capture stormwater could increase the use of living walls and, thus, expand their beneficial impacts, including greening underutilized space. This study evaluated the potential stormwater retention and percent plant coverage of an experimental wall surface for six treatments (five vegetated Sedum treatments and an unplanted ‘control’ wall) on 18 circular living retaining wall systems designed from a standard retaining wall system. Percent stormwater retention, which compared effective precipitation volumes with stormwater runoff volumes, was quantified for 81 storm events from July 2010 to September 2011. Living retaining wall systems planted with S. (Phedimus) takesimensis retained stormwater more effectively than the unplanted wall and other planted treatments, including walls planted with S. spurium, mixed Sedum species, and S. kamtschaticum. Plant surface coverage of the living retaining wall system was the greatest when planted with mixed Sedum species, S. spurium, and S. kamtschaticum. Overall this study demonstrates that properly designed living retaining wall systems may be able to be used as a best management practice for stormwater retention in urban areas. Further study could determine the performance of living retaining walls with a more conventional design (i.e., single aspect vs. four aspects against a slope), over a longer time period, walls planted with other vegetated treatments, and walls featuring different fill and plant materials.
Algebraic Collision Attacks on Keccak
Authors: Heim Boissier Rachelle , Noûs Camille , Rotella Yann
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we analyze the collision resistance of the two smallest versions of Keccak which have a width of 200 and 400 bits respectively. We show that algebraic and linearization techniques can serve collision cryptanalysis by using some interesting properties of the linear part of the round function of Keccak. We present an attack on the Keccak versions that could be used in lightweight cryptography reduced to two rounds. For Keccak[40, 160] (resp. Keccak[72, 128] and Keccak[144, 256]) our attack has a computational complexity of 273 (resp. 252.5 and 2101.5) Keccak calls.
Accelerating the Search of Differential and Linear Characteristics with the SAT Method
Authors: Sun Ling , Wang Wei , Wang Meiqin
Published: March 2021

The introduction of the automatic search boosts the cryptanalysis of symmetric-key primitives to some degree. However, the performance of the automatic search is not always satisfactory for the search of long trails or ciphers with large state sizes. Compared with the extensive attention on the enhancement for the search with the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method, few works care for the acceleration of the automatic search with the Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT) or satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) method. This paper intends to fill this vacancy. Firstly, with the additional encoding variables of the sequential counter circuit for the original objective function in the standard SAT method, we put forward a new encoding method to convert the Matsui’s bounding conditions into Boolean formulas. This approach does not rely on new auxiliary variables and significantly reduces the consumption of clauses for integrating multiple bounding conditions into one SAT problem. Then, we evaluate the accelerating effect of the novel encoding method under different sets of bounding conditions. With the observations and experience in the tests, a strategy on how to create the sets of bounding conditions that probably achieve extraordinary advances is proposed. The new idea is applied to search for optimal differential and linear characteristics for multiple ciphers. For PRESENT, GIFT-64, RECTANGLE, LBlock, TWINE, and some versions in SIMON and SPECK families of block ciphers, we obtain the complete bounds (full rounds) on the number of active S-boxes, the differential probability, as well as the linear bias. The acceleration method is also employed to speed up the search of related-key differential trails for GIFT-64. Based on the newly identified 18-round distinguisher with probability 2−58, we launch a 26-round key-recovery attack with 260.96 chosen plaintexts. To our knowledge, this is the longest attack on GIFT-64. Lastly, we note that the attack result is far from threatening the security of GIFT-64 since the designers recommended users to double the number of rounds under the related-key attack setting.
Presentación del dossier
Authors: Roggerone Santiago , Díaz Hernán M.
Published: March 2021

Presentación del dossier
What Complicates or Enables Teachers’ Enactment of Leadership
Authors: Bradley-Levine Jill
Published: March 2021

This article presents findings from a case study that describes the ways that four teachers pursuing their master’s degree in teacher leadership engaged in leadership activities in their schools. In order to explore this purpose, this study examines two research questions: (1) How do teachers enact leadership in their schools and (2) What complicates or enables teachers’ leadership activity? Findings indicate that the norms of the teaching profession including equality and privacy affect teachers’ enactment of leadership in their schools. Teacher leaders limit their work based on their knowledge of these norms, their past experiences engaging in leadership, and the culture present in their schools.
The Application of Grounded Theory: An Example from Nursing Workforce Research
Authors: Lewis-Pierre LaToya , Kovacich Joann , Amankwaa Linda
Published: March 2021

The application of grounded theory was the conduit to theory development in this study. The intent was to explore nurse manager, educator, preceptor, and new graduates’ perceptions of workplace readiness for new graduates entering an Intensive Care Unit. Research participants were drawn from five different ICUs: Medical, Coronary Care, Surgical, Neuroscience, and Trauma. One-on-one interviews were conducted to collect participants’ perspectives on readiness to practice in the ICU. Using grounded theory, four themes emerged giving rise to the novice nurse embracing the ICU theory (NNEIT). Reflections on the type of grounded theory used, reasons for the selection, challenges faced in the theoretical development process, modifications for future grounded theory studies, and recommendations on how to further future grounded theory studies are discussed. Information useful for new grounded theory researchers and strategies for first-time researchers to overcome the challenges of conducting grounded theory studies are presented.
Exploring the Role of Culture in Communication Conflicts: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Deep Sadia , Salleh Berhannudin , Othman Hussain
Published: March 2021

This research article as a part of larger study intends to explore the role of culture in triggering communication conflicts among employees at the workplace. It also explores the role of Problem-based learning in resolving these culture based conflicts. Being a part of human life, conflict is a pervasive aspect of the socio-cultural and professional environment, especially at the workplace. The role of culture has one of the aspects that have played a pivotal role in initiating conflicts in the past. Using a qualitative research approach, this descriptive phenomenology study gathered data from semi-structured interviews from eighteen selected employees belonging to three development organizations in Pakistan. The research used a purposeful sampling to derive sample for the study. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings from this study reveal that different aspects of culture have a significant role in triggering communication conflicts among employees. The respondents, however, suggested that culture-based conflict could be reduced and tackled effectively through the training of employees on PBL approach which bring together people of diverse cultures on one table.
Life After NBC’s “The Biggest Loser”: The Experiences and Perspectives of Former Reality TV Contestants
Authors: Moore Darren , Cooper Clinton , Williams Toiya , Zwierstra Kai
Published: March 2021

Utilizing Qualitative Description influenced by aspects of phenomenology, we conducted fifteen open-ended, semi-structured interviews with former contestants of NBC’s “The Biggest Loser.” The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of significant weight loss. We focused on challenges, emotional well-being, and relational dynamics of contestants transitioning through their weight loss journeys, which included what happened after the show was completed. Further, we analyzed perspectives regarding the utility of Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) in working with this population. In the study, three themes emerged which included: (1) Living at the ranch: It’s reality TV, not reality; (2) After the confetti falls: Post-Traumatic Reality TV Syndrome and The Whiplash Effect; and (3) Therapeutic treatment: Much needed but nowhere to be found. The study includes a rich description of the data, as well as a discussion of clinical implications.
Informal Order, Needs Analysis, and the EAP Curriculum
Authors: Al-Maamari Faisal
Published: March 2021

The academic curriculum is developed through a systematic process whereby content is created through the alignment of needs to stakeholder or target group. This qualitative research study features a small-scale, English for academic purpose (EAP) needs analysis (NA) of three credit-bearing EAP programs and the corresponding departmental programs conducted at a Language Center at a higher education institution in Oman. Based on interview, observational and documentary data, the analysis showed divergences in academic literacy (writing and reading) between the EAP and content programs. Principally, the findings pointed to the presence and operation of a group of informal orders and the emergence of two interrelated stories: public and real. The public story purported to blame the learner’s English language proficiency for unfavorable performance at EAP and Departmental levels, whereas the real story revealed that institutional factors were equally responsible. The paper ends by making a few conclusions about the importance of heeding informal order when carrying out needs analysis.
Learning to Teach: A Case Study of Student Teachers’ Practicum and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Sulistiyo Urip , Mukminin Amirul , Abdurrahman Kemas , Haryanto Eddy
Published: March 2021

This qualitative case study was conducted to gather information on the implementation of teaching practicum in order to improve the quality of the program in an English teacher education program at a state-owned university, Jambi, Indonesia. Information was gathered from five recent teacher graduates, five beginner teachers, five school principals, and five teacher educators on their perceptions of English Foreign Language Teacher Education Program (EFLTEP) graduates as beginner teachers. This qualitative study employed a background survey, document analyses and interviews for data collection. Document analyses were used to examine the aims and content of the English teacher education program and official Indonesian English teacher education curriculum and policies. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the main data from graduates and collect information from the beginner teachers. Interviews with principals and teacher educators were used to obtain further data and evidence about the beginner teachers’ knowledge and preparedness to teach. We organized our analysis, findings, and discussion around the implementation of teaching practicum. The analyses of the documents and texts revealed that major themes related to (1) the standards for implementing the teaching practicum in the program, (2) quality of the teaching practicum, (3) duration of the teaching practicum, (4) the roles of mentor teachers and teacher educators, and (5) selecting school partners for the student teacher practicum. Particularly, the findings indicated that teaching practicum projects undertaken during the program provided suitable but limited experience for student teachers to translate their knowledge learnt at university into the real practice of teaching at school levels. For future improvement of the program, the role of supervising teachers and teacher educators in assisting student teachers during the teaching practicum project should be a priority. The organisation and management of school–university partnerships for schools taking part in the teaching practicum require attention to maximise benefits to student teachers.