bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEGAL BASIS FOR THE RATIONAL USE AND PROTECTION OF SOILS: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROPOSED REGULATORY MEASURES
Authors: Khomyakov D.M. , Тarbaeva V.M.
Published: June 2020

The UN General Assembly declared 2021–2030 the “Decade of Ecosystem Restoration to Achieve the SDGs,” which means the need to unleash, strengthen and maintain the potential of soils not only for food production, but also for the conservation of water resources, biodiversity and the biosphere as a whole, reducing carbon emissions, increasing resilience in the face of climate change. Soil enters into the composition of all terrestrial ecosystems of a certain hierarchical level as a mandatory and irreplaceable subsystem or component. Russia has the largest soil cover area of approximately 14.5 million km2 – one sixth of the planet. The global importance of the country’s unique soil resources is increasing due to global processes of soil degradation and loss, as well as the impossibility of the soil cover of the world to carry out biospheric functions in the same volume. The authors have analyzed the legal framework for the implementation of sustainable development goals, taking into account the state of soils in Russia. There have been found no documents determining
how much soil resources the country requires to conduct modern agricultural production and fulfill the SDGs. The lack of understandable, clear and long-term land policy leads to a lack of complete and objective information about the condition and fertility of soils used in agriculture. The monitoring being carried out at present does not provide monitoring of land plots and crop rotation fields as a production resource. It does not include a number of parameters characterizing soil fertility, which are essential for agricultural production. To implement the provisions of the concept of sustainable development, it is necessary, first of all, to introduce a full-fledged, scientifically based and legal (legally significant), general legal, accurate, unambiguous, definite, well-established, non-contextual definition of soil and its fertility as a fundamental unique
property into the federal legislation. Soils, their condition and fertility should be among the mandatory criteria for the effectiveness of land policy and land management, which, in turn, should be defined as a set of measures for studying the state of soils, planning and organizing their rational use and protection. Ensuring national, environmental, economic and food security has interconnected goals. Sustainable development implies “climate neutral” agriculture, where reproduction of soil fertility is necessarily ensured, their degradation being completely excluded.
THE «SOFT» AND «RIGID» CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONING OF THE SEAPORTS
IN THE SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Authors: Ahmad Alaa
Published: June 2020

The actuality of the presented study is based on the comparative analysis of criteria that are considered when assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of seaports. On the example of the Syrian seaports, the expediency of using «soft» in parallel with the «rigid» criteria is shown and emphasized. The «soft» criteria for assessing the functioning of the main Syrian seaports have been identified, their role in restoring public support for the expansion of port facilities being established. Recommendations on the use of «soft values» of ports to increase the efficiency of their functioning alongside with the environmental safety principles are suggested. Such approaches to restoring public support for the development, modernization and expansion of Syrian seaports are first highlighted.
IMPACT OF TECHNOGENIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCIDENTS ON AIR POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Binenko V.I. , Tkachenko A.A.
Published: June 2020

The article presents calculations of probability of human exposure to atmospheric ecotoxicants based on the use of probit function for technogenic environmental accidents having already occurred in the small cities of Armyansk, Balashikha and Sibay. For example, the dependence of the probability of human exposure on the time of exposure to H2S toxicant near the Kuchino waste landfill (Balashikha, Moscow region) in the case of 5 to 625 times the maximum permissible H2 S concentrations (MPC) has been obtained. With 60% probability, a human as a bioindicator will feel the impact in 1000 s at 5 MPC, and in 1 s – at 625 MPC with the same probability. Similar calculations have been made for SO2 and other toxicants. The SO2 hazard level is lower than that of H2 S, so the time interval for exposure to ecotoxicants is longer. In the absence
of appropriate devices for monitoring gases at potentially dangerous objects, the considered assessment method can be used for predictive tasks to assess the likelihood of exposure of human health to toxicants at different levels of air pollution and to make management decisions on the advance preparation of means to
protect the population. The introduction of the best available technologies, like in the European countries, can increase the level of environmental safety in Russia
KINERJA STAF ADMINISTRASI PROGRAM STUDI DI PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DALAM MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI MAHASISWA
Authors: Wulandari Tine Agustin
Published: June 2020

Karyawan merupakan salah satu kekayaan utama dalam suatu organisasi. Bagaimanapun canggihnya teknologi yang digunakan, sumber daya manusia tetap memegang peranan yang sangat menentukan. Pada perguruan tinggi, karyawan identik dengan tenaga kependidikan yang ditempatkan di setiap fakultas dan program studi. Dibandingkan dengan tenaga kependidikan lainnya, staf administrasi program studi merupakan yang paling sering berkomunikasi dengan mahasiswa untuk memperoleh informasi terkait dosen, kuliah, dan lain-lain. Setiap program studi setidaknya memiliki satu orang staf administrasi, disesuaikan dengan jumlah mahasiswanya. Komunikasi antara staf administrasi program studi dengan mahasiswa diharapkan mampu memenuhi kebutuhan informasi dari mahasiswa, hal ini ditentukan oleh kinerja staf administrasi yang bersangkutan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi program studi mengenai kinerja staf administrasi yang ditempatkan di program studi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi mahasiswanya, terutama pada perguruan tinggi swasta. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut. Wawancara mendalam, observasi non partisipan, tinjauan pustaka, penelusuran data online, dan dokumentasi, digunakan sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja staf administrasi program studi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan informasi mahasiswa ditentukan oleh banyak hal, secara internal dari dalam diri yang bersangkutan, terdiri dari: (1) Kapasitas berprestasi terkait penguasaan job description, keterampilan, dan intelegensi; (2) Kesediaan untuk berprestasi, terkait motivasi. kepuasan, partisipasi (inisatif) dan sikap kerjanya. Secara eksternal ditentukan oleh kesempatan untuk berprestasi, seperti peralatan, rekan kerja, pimpinan, serta mahasiswa itu sendiri. Sehingga penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi mengenai komunikasi organisasi yang berlangsung secara diagonal.
Efeito de variáveis de copa em funções de afilamento
Authors: Miranda Evandro Nunes , Lopes Isáira Leite e , Araújo Laís Almeida , Dias Tácio De Souza Pádua , Lacerda Talles Hudson Souza , Gomide Lucas Rezende
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação de variáveis de copa e índices morfométricos na predição do afilamento. O estudo adotivo teve o uso de Xylopia brasiliensis , localizado na Reserva Florestal da UFLA, em um fragmento florestal de 5,8 hectares. Uma cubagem não destrutiva foi realizada em 77 áreas da escola em sete classes de diâmetro. Os modelos testados foram Polinômio do 5º grau, Polinômio de potências internas e fracionárias e Kozak, clássicos. Utiliza-se o procedimento em etapas para gerar um novo modelo com uma inclusão de variáveis de copa, denominado de Hradetzky modificado.Os resultados foram de que o modelo Hradetzky modificado foi superior com R²aj = 83,88%, Syx = 1,96 cm, Syx (%) = 54,75 e AIC = -2,176,38, frente a esquerda. O gráfico foi grafado, o mesmo se apresentou mais equilibrado. Conclui que a instalação de variáveis de backup, em funções de trabalho não tem ganho de precisão e acuracidade das informações.
Exploratory analysis of nutrient concentrations in Eucalyptus leaf color patterns
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Felipe Ramalho de , Santana Reynaldo Campos
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of leaf color pattern to analyze leaf nutrient concentrations in Eucalyptus and to establish relationships between color patterns and leaf nutrient concentrations. The study was carried out in Eucalyptus stands at 25 months old using three leaves from the lower of tree crowns classified into five color patterns of Munsell color charts for plant tissues. The principal component analyses and the self-organizing maps were used to aid in the classification of samples in leaf color patterns. Subsequently, the k-means cluster algorithm was performed. In principal component analysis, the 7.5 GY 8/8 leaf color pattern stood out from the others and it was mainly influenced by nitrogen, phosphorous, copper, and potassium concentrations. The samples of 7.5 GY 8/4 leaf color pattern did not present a great nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, copper and potassium concentrations as the 7.5 GY 8/8 neither a great manganese, calcium, boron, zinc and iron concentrations as others leaf color patterns. The self-organizing map provides a greater proximity between the 7.5 GY 8/8 and 7.5 GY 8/4 leaf color patterns and the others leaf color patterns were randomly distributed in the U-matrix. Although the k-means algorithm presented two clusters in both analyses, the self-organizing map presented a slight superiority than principal component analysis. Using leaf color patterns was possible to infer about leaf nutrient concentrations in Eucalyptus. Both methods were able to distinguish only the healthy leaves 7.5 GY 8/8 from those whose were in the leaf senescence process.
Genetic diversity of potential mother trees of Myracrodruon urundeuva by ISSR markers
Authors: Lopes Jocelly De Sousa , Da Costa Márcia Regina Jantsch , Arriel Daniele Aparecida Alvarenga
Published: June 2020

Myracrodruon urundeuva is a tree species of the family Anacardiaceae, native from the northeast, southeast and midewest regions of Brazil, locally known as aroeira. Because of its long history of predatory exploitation, this species is has been lately classified as vulnerable to extinction. The present work had as objective to evaluate the genetic diversity of potential mother trees of M. urundeuva using ISSR molecular markers in order to subsidize the collection of seeds with large genetic diversity. The selected trees are located in the forest reserve of Brita Guia, in the municipality of Cuiabá – MT, Brazil. Of the 20 ISSR primers tested, seven were selected to characterize genetic variability. The total amplified fragments were 116, with a percentage of 99.15% polymorphism. The individuals presented Nei's genetic diversity (He) of 0.2706 and Shannon's diversity index (I) of 0.4226. The UPGMA grouping method revealed the existence of two large groups among the individuals, which could be considered to perform seed collection among divergent genotypes.
PENGARUH CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: ALEXANDER NICO , PALUPI AGUSTIN
Published: June 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah pengungkapan CSR (Corporate Social Disclosure) berpengaruh terhadap manajemen laba yang dilakukan oleh manajemen perusahaan. Manajemen laba diukur dengan menentukan besarnya manajemen laba akrual yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan dengan menghitung nilai discretionary accrual dan untuk pengungkapan CSR menggunakan index GRI (Global Reporting Initiative). Sampel penelitian ini menggunakan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama tahun 2015-2017. Sampel dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling dan diperoleh 38 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengungkapan terhadap CSR berpengaruh negatif terhadap manajemen laba.
Performance analysis of languages working on Java Virtual Machine based on Java, Scala and Kotlin
Authors: Buszewicz Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

This article presents the results of a literature study related to the construction and operation of Java Virtual Machine, as well as performance tests of selected languages using the aforementioned runtime environment on the example of Java, Scala and Kotlin. Performance testing was carried out using two applications built using the Apache Maven archetype with the built-in Java Microbenchmark Harness library.
The "Quizer" e-learning platform as a tool for creating interactive quizzes with multiplayer functionality
Authors: Dziedzic Krzysztof , Gudków Marek , Wiśniewski Tomasz
Published: June 2020

Modern IT and teaching solutions are increasingly used in the distance learning process. The introduction of game elements in the e-learning allows to increase the interest and motivation of the user when performing tasks. The "Quizer" e-learning platform has been designed to create interactive multimedia courses with elements of gameplay, including the multiplayer format. The paper discusses the technologies and tools used to build the platform. An example of a game designed in a multiplayer format is presented.
Neural networks in recognition of handwriting
Authors: Michalik Bernadetta , Miłosz Marek
Published: June 2020

Artificial neural networks consist of many simple elements capable of processing data. These are tools inspired by the construction of the human brain, used in machine learning. The aim of the research was to analyze the occuracy of the created neural network in the process of handwriting recognition. The article presents the results obtained during the learning and testing of a convolution network with a different number of hidden layers. Each time learning and testing the network was carried out using the same set of images (taken from the publicly available IAM database) depicting handwritten words in English.
Comparison of the NFC authentication method with the methods available in Android
Authors: Malenko Dmytro
Published: June 2020

Most multi-user applications need an access system so that users can log in from different devices. To identify a user, at least one authentication method must be used. The article presents a comparison of the authentication method using NFC technology with other methods that are available for Android devices and differ in both implementation and specific usage.
IMPLEMENTASI AUGMENTED REALITY PADA APLIKASI ANDROID UNTUK MEMPERLIHATKAN PRODUK KAKTUS
Authors: Anggraeni Erika Kanya , Elok Nur Fauziyah  , Atikah Adawiyyah  , Paramitha Nerisafitra
Published: June 2020

Augmentedi Realityi (AR)i merupakani inovasii darii computeri graphici yangi dapati menyajikani visualisasii dani animasii darii sebuahi modeli ataui desaini objeki yangi menggabungkani duniai mayai 2Di maupuni 3Di kedalami sebuahi duniai nyata.i Bentuki pemanfaatani teknologii ARi dalami prosesi penjualani produki misalnyai mediai penjualani produki kaktus.i Penggunaani ARi dalami prosesi penjualani produki efektifi untuki meningkatkani dayai tariki padai prosesi juali belii karenai pembelii seolah-olahi dapati melihati langsungi prduki yangi akani belii meskipuni tidaki berhadapani langsungi dengani produki yangi sesungguhnya.i Penelitiani inii bertujuani untuki membanguni mediai penjualani produki kaktusi menggunakani mediai smartphonei dani teknologii AR.i Sasarani darii penelitiani inii adalahi tersedianyai metodei penjualani produki kaktusi yangi lebihi informatifi dani interaktif.i Aplikasii ARi diberii namai “Cactusi AR”i (Cactusi Augmentedi Reality).i Objeki 3i dimensii kaktus,i suarai tentangi penjelasani kaktus,i dani informasii tentangi produki kaktusi akani munculi ketikai markeri di-scan.i “Cactusi AR”i jugai mudahi digunakani olehi orangi dewasai maupuni anak-anak.i
CUBID EC : APLIKASI EDUKASI BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN AUGMENTED REALITY
Authors: Isron Hussein , Ayyu Faridhatul Masrura  , M. Farras Aditya P. A  , Dodik Arwin Dermawan  , Paramitha Nerisafitra
Published: June 2020

Teknologi di masa kini telah menjadi penunjang setiap kebutuhan manusia. Salah satunya adalah teknologi perangkat genggam pintar bernama smartphone. Kemampuan smartphone tidak terbatas sebagai alat komunikasi saja, namun fitur lainnya sebagai media belajar baik secara tertulis maupun gambar. Modernisasi teknologi pembelajaran semakin gencar melalui teknologi-teknologi pendukung. Khususnya penerapan Augmented Reality (AR) yang efektif untuk menarik minat pengguna. Melalui teknologi tersebut, kami mengembangkan media pembelajaran di bidang sejarah, suatu bidang ilmu yang diharapkan tetap lestari sebagai bukti kekayaan Indonesia akan budaya dan nilai sejarah di berbagai daerah. Media pembelajaran tersebut juga dapat menjadi ajang pengenalan budaya Indonesia di mata asing. Dengan nama Cubid AR, kami mengembangkan aplikasi edukatif kesejarahan berbasis Android memanfaatkan teknologi AR sebagai visualisasi pembelajaran. Cubid AR berfokus pada bangunan kebudayaan yang memiliki nilai sejarah dengan tujuan mengedukasi masyarakat terutama anak-anak. Diharapkan aplikasi ini dapat membantu pengguna memahami budaya dan sejarah di Indonesia sehingga identitas kebudayaan tersebut terdapat dikenal luas.
HANDLING COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH LIMITED HEALTH AND CRITICAL CARE RESOURCE BY JUDICIAL USE AND FAIR ALLOCATION
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Deedwania Preeti
Published: June 2020

Covid-19 has been officially declared as pandemic by the World health organization. At present Covid – 19 has spread to more than 185 countries affecting millions of people. Since it is a novel disease a lot is unknown about the natural history of the disease. Considering its impact and clinical manifestation, we are certain that our critical care resources will soon get exhausted. Such types of viral pandemics place us at a sustained demand of healthcare infrastructure and essential community resources. Such demands lead to the development of situation where we need to judiciously allocate our resources, equipment and manpower for their effective utilization and better outcome. It's the responsibility of critical care physician to rise to the occasion and make a long lasting impact while managing covid-19 pandemic.
Влияние волновых воздействий на активность амилаз микробного происхождения
Authors: Karpenko Dmitriy V. , Shalaginov Kirill V.
Published: June 2020

Статья посвящена изучению влияния волновых, прежде всего, оптических воздействий на ферментные препараты, используемые в пищевых производствах, с целью повышения активности целевых ферментов. Приведена информация о возможности изменения показателей объектов различной природы, повышения гидролитической, в частности, амилолитической активности ферментов микробного происхождения с помощью таких способов обработки. Рассмотрены результаты изучения влияния обработки светом с длинами волн из диапазона 364 - 980 нм ферментного препарата Амилоризин П10х на его амилолитическую способность; направление и интенсивность воздействия такой обработки оценивали, сопоставляя количество крахмала, гидролизованного в опытных и контрольных вариантах. Показано, что фотообработка в условиях экспериментов позволила повысить количество гидролизованного крахмала на 20 - 70 % по сравнению с контролем в зависимости от длины волны света, использованного для обработки; таким образом, целесообразно продолжение исследований с целью уточнения параметров проведения обработки светом, обеспечивающих значимый технологический и/или экономический эффект.
Transglycosylation of Rebaudioside А by β-fructofuranosidase
Authors: Chkhan Kristina
Published: June 2020

Rebaudioside A (RebaA) was subjected to β-2.6 transglycosylation with β-fructofuranosidase from Arthrobacter sp. K-1 and sucrose as a source of fructose units. The yield of transglycosylation depends significantly on the concentration of the acceptor, the donor and the enzyme, as well as the reaction time. At the weight ratio of RebА to sucrose of 1: 1, the degree of transfructosylation in 24 hours was only 5.4%, while at a ratio of 1 : 5, it reaches to more than 23%. It was revealed that transfructosylation proceeds more efficiently in the concentrated solutions, the higher the total concentration of sucrose and RebaA, the greater the yield of fructosylated RebA. To determine the effect of рН on transfructosylation, β-fructofuranosidase was incubated with a solution of 1% RebА and 10% sucrose at 40°C for 15 hours at various pH values. It was also revealed that with an increase in the amount of the enzyme, the reaction accelerates. The most optimal were quantities of 50-100 units per 1 g of sucrose. The reaction of transfructosylation of stevioside is examined, and an organoleptic evaluation of fructosylated derivatives of fructosyl-RebА, fructosyl-stevioside and fructosyl-rubuzoside is also shown. Isolation and purification of fructosylated Reba was carried out by ethanol precipitation and purification on the columns filled with macroporous Diaion HP-20 resin. The resulting product is possessing improved sensory characteristics and can be used as low-calorie sweetener.
Индикация биопленок и некультивируемых микроорганизмов при мониторинге биологической безопасности пищевого сырья
Authors: Ленченко Екатерина Михайловна , Сысоева Наталья Юрьевна , Блюменкранц Дмитрий Алексеевич
Published: June 2020

Актуальность исследования и наличие пробелов в существующем знании на тему. Мониторинговые исследования биологической безопасности пищевого сырья по микробиологическим показателям – актуальная проблема, в связи с увеличением числа пищевых инфекций во всем мире.

Цель работы – изучить особенности формирования биопленок и некультивируемых микроорганизмов при различных условиях культивирования

Методы. Морфометрические и денситометрические показатели биопленок и некультивируемых микроорганизмов исследовали при различных условиях культивирования. Для изучения роста и развития популяций микроорганизмов использовали среды, содержащие ростовые факторы для репарации клеточной стенки и реверсии L-форм микроорганизмов.

Результаты и их обсуждение. При микробиологическом контроле критических точек технологии животноводства и пищевых производств изучены видовой состав и этиологическая значимость факторов вирулентности штаммов, продуцирующих адгезивные антигены, бактериоцины, гемолизины, токсины, β-лактамазы расширенного спектра, обусловливающие тенденцию роста множественной лекарственной устойчивости. Изучены морфофункциональные признаки биопленок, представляющих собой сообщества микроорганизмов, секретирующих полимерный матрикс и адгезированных к тканям восприимчивых видов животных и абиотическим поверхностям животноводческих помещений и пищевых производств. Установлены прямые коррелятивные зависимости между филаментацией, дисперсией поливидовых биопленок микроорганизмов и развитием дистрофических и некротические процессов в тканях и органах млекопитающих и птиц. Для оптимизации схемы микробиологической диагностики инфекционной патологии апробированы и подобраны эффективные способы детекции гетероморфных биоплёнок и некультивируемых микроорганизмов. Для предотвращения формирования биопленок патогенных микроорганизмов перспективными являются препараты, снижающие уровень микробиологических показателей первичной контаминации; минимизации адгезивных свойств, а также биоцидов разрушающих межклеточный матрикс.

Выводы. Способность формирования биопленок, вариабельность фенотипических признаков, множественность факторов вирулентности, возникновение устойчивых форм бактерий за счет синтеза экзополисахаридов, значительно снижают эффективность противоэпизоотических и диагностических мероприятий. Разработка ускоренных методов детекции биопленок и дифференциации некультивируемых микроорганизмов позволит научно обосновать и разработать комплекс мероприятий, направленных на предупреждение заболеваний животных и получение безопасных продуктов животноводства, с целью профилактики заболеваний человека.
Этика научной публикации
Authors: Балыхин Михаил Григорьевич , Косычева Марина Александровна
Published: June 2020

Рассматриваются основные принципы публикационной этики научных исследований. Описываются основные виды рецензирования рукописей. Объясняется принцип двойного слепого рецензирования как предпочтительного. Внимание уделяется вопросам цитирования и самоцитирования, повторным и дублирующим публикациям.
Верифицируемость данных в исследовании
Authors: Балыхин Михаил Григорьевич , Косычева Марина Александровна
Published: June 2020

Рассматривается принцип верифицируемости как основа построения научного исследования. Описываются возможности установления истинности научных утверждений в результате эмпирической проверки.  Дается понятие публикационного искажения (publication bias). Приводятся примеры манипуляций с научными данными. Проанализировано создание научных репозиториев как средств длительного хранения, накопления и обеспечения открытого доступа к результатам научных исследований.
Контроль качества розлива и маркировки пищевых продуктов с использованием интеллектуальных технологий
Authors: Эраки Эраки Мохамед Тахер Хамед , Благовещенский Иван Германович , Благовещенский Владислав Германович , Зубов Дмитрий Владимирович
Published: June 2020

Статья посвящена повышению эффективности работы пищевого предприятия за счёт разработки и внедрения автоматизированной системы управления технологическим манипулятором на линии розлива и маркировки пищевых напитков с использованием интеллектуальных технологий. Показана необходимость в решении кинематических задач, особенно задач обратной кинематики манипулятора-робота. Проведенный в работе анализ показал, что существующие универсальные алгоритмы расчёта кинематики просты для записи в общем виде, но из-за ряда неустранимых недостатков ресурсоёмки и обладают в некоторых случаях большой вычислительной погрешностью. Если технологические манипуляторы вынуждены работать именно в таких зонах, в которых этот метод приводит к существенным вычислительным ошибкам, то это может привести к замедлению движения манипулятора, что также приводит к снижению производительности, или потребовать вынужденно изменять режим работы с целью удаления рабочего органа от центра рабочей зоны, что займет больше места для каждого манипулятора. Поэтому для расчета кинематики предложено вместо универсального алгоритма использовать набор простых тригонометрических выражений по условиям конкретных движений, что позволяет сохранить требуемую точность во всём объёме рабочей зоны. Для управления манипулятором, поиска оптимальной траектории и взаимодействия с программой-моделью реальности (в среде SolidWorks) использовались программы, созданные в среде LabVIEW с инструментарием NI-SoftMotion в качестве контроллера для управления положением модели. Для автоматизации контроля качества розлива и маркировки пищевых продуктов и модернизации системы управления технологическим манипулятором разработаны алгоритмы решения обратной кинетической задачи для роботов типа PUMA, SCARA и KUKA, а также программное обеспечение, реализующее разработанные алгоритмы. Показаны результаты анализа использования системы оптического распознавания изделий, учитывающего совместное движение манипулятора и изделий. В результате проведенных исследований разработана система виртуального прототипирования мехатронной системы, позволяющая выбрать контроллер управлением движением манипулятора и требуемые двигатели и параметры оптимизации линии розлива и маркировки пищевых продуктов с использованием интеллектуальных технологии. По полученным результатам разработана улучшенная модель робота PUMA 560, к которой добавлены средства для передвижения манипулятора с использованием интеллектуальных технологий, что позволит повысить эффективность работы линии розлива и маркировки пищевых продуктов, улучшить их показатели качества.
Effect of Water Cement Ratios on Compressive Strength of Palm Kernel Shell Concrete
Authors: Adeyemi A.O , Anifowose M.A , Amototo I.O , Adebara S.A , Olawuyi M.Y
Published: June 2020

This study examined the effect of varying water cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete produced using palm kernel shell (PKS) as coarse aggregate at different replacement levels. The replacement levels of coarse aggregate with palm kernel shells (PKS) were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% respectively. PKS concrete cubes (144 specimens) of sizes 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast and cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively. A mix ratio of 1:2:4 was adopted with water-cement ratio of 0.45, 0.5, and 0.6 respectively while the batching was done by weight. Slump test was conducted on fresh concrete while compressive strength test was carried out on the hardened concrete cubes using a compression testing machine of 2000kN capacity. The result of tests on fresh concrete shows that the slump height of 0.45 water cement ratio (w/c) increases with an increase in PKS%. This trend was similar to 0.50 and 0.60 w/c. However, the compressive strength of concrete cube decreases with an increase in w/c (from 0.45 to 0.60) but increases with respect to curing age and also decreases with increase in PKS%. Concrete with 0.45 water-cement ratio possess the highest compressive strength. It was observed that PKS is not a good substitute for coarse aggregate in mix ratio 1:2:4 for concrete productions. Hence, the study suggest the use of chemical admixture such as superplasticizer or calcium chloride in order to improve the strength of palm kernel shells-concrete.
Epidemiological significance of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA among different groups of population of Moscow and Moscow Region during the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Akimkin Vasily G. , Kuzin Stanislav N. , Shipulina Olga Yu. , Yatsyshina Svetlana B. , Tivanova Elena V. , Kalenskaya Anna V. , Solovieva Irina V. , Vershinina Marina A. , Kvasova Olga A. , Ploskireva Antonina A. , Mamoshina Marina V. , Elkina Mariya A. , Andreeva Elena E. , Ivanenko Aleksandr V. , Mikailova Olga M.
Published: June 2020

The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor presents priority data obtained from the largescale population PCR-based study of the changes in the rates of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among relatively healthy residents of Moscow and Moscow Region.
Tetranucleotide Profile of Herpesvirus DNA
Authors: Filatov Felix P. , Shargunov Alexander V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Herpesvirus DNAs (about 90% of the total genomic sequences of the Herpesvirales family presented in GenBank) contain at a minimum concentration one of the two tetranucleotides, CTAG or TCGA. The “underrepresentation” of CTAG was previously observed only in the DNA of some bacteria and phages. The aim of the study was the further analysis of the formal characteristics of herpesvirus DNA, as well as their comparison with the density of the virus/host DNA microhomology and with the genomic macrostructure of herpes viruses.Materials and methods. Twenty strains and isolates of each of the five types of human herpes viruses (HHV1, HHV2, HHV3, HHV4, HHV5), 10 strains of HHV8, 5 strains of HHV6A, 4 strains of HHV6B and 3 strains of HHV7 were analyzed. GenBank tools were used to determine the frequency of tetranucleotides, and human DNA fragments with size matched herpesvirus DNA were used for comparison.Results. Minimum CTAG concentration in DNA of herpes viruses is mainly characteristic of two- and singlesegment genomes with direct or inverted terminal repeats (classes A,D,E), while the minimum TCGA density is characteristic mainly for DNA that is significantly less structured (classes B,C,F). By increasing CTAG density, human herpes viruses form a sequence close to the sequence of increasing the homology density of 20 nt with human DNA, which also correlates with the macrostructure of DNA. A parallel of this minimization with the DNA structure of herpes viruses or with their belonging to one or another subfamily — as well as the context of the “minimal” CpG (that is, TCGA) — is not noted in the literature. Although herpesvirus DNA is quite large (125– 295 Kb), some of them (for example, HHV4, HHV5 and HHV7 DNA) show noticeable deviations from the second DNA parity rule, and can thus serve as a component of the molecular signature.The Discussion suggests possible hypotheses for the origin of some of the observed phenomena.
Identification of Vibrio cholerae Strains of the «Haitian» Group by PCR Based on INDEL-Typing
Authors: Vodop’yanov Alexey S. , Vodop'yanov Sergey O. , Oleynikov Igor P. , Pisanov Ruslan V.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the work was to find a genetic INDEL-marker of the Haitian group of Vibrio cholerae strains, what allow carrying out their identification by means PCR.Materials and methods. For searching INDEL-markers we used the data from GenBank database on complete genomic sequences of V. cholerae strains El Тor isolated in different continents in different years. For the analysis we used the author's software written in the Java programming language. The NextGIS system was used for mapping.Results and discussion. We found that the deletion of 8 nucleotides in the gene VCA1095 located on a small chromosome and encoding chemotaxis protein СheA is a characteristic genetic feature of the «Haitian» group strains. Primers have been developed to detect this deletion in PCR.Conclusion. The method of detection of strains of cholera vibrions «Haitian group» on the basis of INDELmarkers was developed and the distribution of such strains in the world before and after 2010 was shown.
State of Fashion: Searching for the New Luxury
Authors: Teunissen José
Published: June 2020

In the last few years, it has often been said that the current fashion system is outdated, still operating by a twentieth-century model that celebrates the individualism of the 'star designer'. In I- D, Sarah Mower recently stated that for the last twenty years, fashion has been at
a cocktail party and has completely lost any connection with the public and daily life. On the one hand, designers and big brands experience the enormous pressure to produce new collections at an ever higher pace, leaving less room for reflection, contemplation, and innovation. On the other
hand, there is the continuous race to produce at even lower costs and implement more rapid life cycles, resulting in disastrous consequences for society and the environment.
Identifying demurrage in processing of vessels on offshore terminals
Authors: Горгуца Ю.В.
Published: June 2020

Строительство рейдовых причалов получило большое развитие в настоящее время. Действующие нормы технологического проектирования морских портов не предлагают решений для открытых акваторий, не защищённых от волнения. В предыдущих работах автора доказана правильность представления потока метеопомех обработке судов простейшим потоком, а длительность действия метеопомех показательным распределением. В данной статье приводятся обоснования характера распределения вероятностей судоподходов и времени обработки судов на рейдовых причалах. С учётом специфики функционирования рейдовых причалов при обработке судов предлагается использовать для расчёта их технологических параметров аппарат теории массового обслуживания (ТМО) для систем массового обслуживания (СМО) с приоритетом, позволяющий адекватно описывать их работу и получать достоверные результаты. Сравнение теоретических расчетов простоев судов по метеофакторам с практическими данными показало высокую сходимость результатов.

Offshore terminals building has a huge development nowadays. Existing norms of sea ports technological design do not offer solutions for high seas, unprotected from sea swells. It has been proved in authors previous works that meteorological obstacles flow can be presented as the simplest flow, and meteorological obstacles as exemplary distribution. This article presents justification for character of probability distribution of ships entering and time of ships processing on offshore terminals. Taking into account the specifics of offshore terminals functioning while processing ships, it is proposed to use the apparatus of queueing theory (QT) for public service systems (PSS) for calculating their technological parameters with priority, allowing to describe their work adequately and achieve reliable results. It includes a comparison of theoretical calculations.
Optimization of the container ship’s characteristics considering the projected cost of its construction and operation
Authors: Буров Ю.П.
Published: June 2020

Представленная статья описывает оптимизацию характеристик контейнерного судна с учетом прогнозируемой цены его постройки и эксплуатации. В совокупности с грамотно составленным технико-экономическим обоснованием проект судна имеет хорошие шансы на то, чтобы заинтересовать Заказчика и быть воплощенным в жизнь на судостроительной верфи. В качестве исследуемого типа объекта в статье выбрано контейнерное судно. На основании исходных технических данных составлена математическая модель судна, учитывающая самые важные мореходные качества системы и ее экономические показатели. Далее, интегрированный алгоритм оптимизации методом случайного поиска рассчитывает множество вариантов будущего судна и выбирает наименее дорогой. В качестве минимизируемого критерия эффективности выбрана цена постройки и дальнейшей эксплуатации судна. Особенностью работы является прогнозирование цен на основные судостроительные материалы, которое позволяет рассчитать стоимость судна на расчетную дату закладки киля и задолго до начала его постройки определить целесообразность реализации проекта в целом. Оперативное проведение всех вышеперечисленных операций проводится с помощью реализованного программно-методического комплекса «Архелон», образцы интерфейсов которого представлены в статье. Описанный метод оценки эффективности позволяет сэкономить временные и финансовые ресурсы, оптимизировать характеристики системы и сравнить ее с аналогичными судами-прототипами.

Presented article describes how to optimize the characteristics of a container ship taking into account the projected cost of its construction and operation. In conjunction with a competently drawn up feasibility evaluation, the project of the vessel has good chances to interest the Customer and be implemented at the shipyard. A container ship is chosen as the type of object under study in the article. On the basis of the initial conditions, a simulation model of the vessel is compiled, taking into account the most important seaworthiness of the system and its economic indicators. Afterwards, an integrated random search optimization algorithm calculates set of future vessel variants and chooses the least expensive. The cost of construction and further operation of the vessel was chosen as a minimizing criterion of efficiency. The peculiarity of the work lies in the fact that the forecasting prices for basic shipbuilding materials allows to determine the cost of the vessel on the planning date of build and long before the beginning of its construction to determine the feasibility of the project generally. Operational implementation of all above-listed operations are provided due to created software "Archelon", which interfaces are presented in the article as examples. The described method of efficiency assessment allows to save time and financial resources, optimize system’s parameters and compare it with similar prototype vessels.
Help Me, I'm Drowning!
Authors: Anderson Emily D.
Published: June 2020

This Note will demonstrate that the FHA and ECOA prohibit implementation of lenders’ threats to limit or refuse credit availability because the result would have a disproportionate effect on minorities. This Note will examine the legality of the lenders’ threats to withhold credit and, in doing so, presumes that courts will find this novel use of eminent domain constitutional. First, Part II will discuss the current situation. Section IIA will explain eminent domain and explore precisely how cities hope to use it in the mortgage note context. Section IIB will describe the growth of this plan and the cities that have considered using it. Section IIC will elaborate on the threats that the lenders are making toward the cities that consider using eminent domain. Second, Part III will discuss the various laws that regulate consumer transactions and how they have restricted lenders in the past. Section IIIA will give a brief history of redlining and its consequences. Section IIIB will discuss the circumstances surrounding the enactment of the FHA and ECOA and exactly what actions these statutes prohibit. Section IIIC will discuss the three causes of action that arise under the FHA and the ECOA. Section IIID will further explore disparate impact and how courts have interpreted 24 C.F.R. Section 100.500, which was enacted on March 18, 2013.18 Lastly, Part IV will apply disparate impact to the lenders’ threats and work through the disparate impact analysis in detail to analyze the likelihood that the FHA and the ECOA will be successful in restricting the lenders’ threats.
Spanish and Mexican Land Grants and Heirs' Rights to Unclaimed Mineral Estates in Texas
Authors: Richerson Rose
Published: June 2020

This Comment discusses the history of Spanish and Mexican land grants in Texas and the complicated issues of: (1) recognizing the rights of original land grant owners; and (2) distinguishing what remedies, if any, shall be given to their heirs. Part II provides background of Spanish and Mexican land grants in Texas, including the provisions included in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, and the underlying cultural, political, and social issues. Part III discusses the history of general land grant case law and mineral estate case law in Texas. Part IV discusses the current obstacles that heirs face in bringing ancient land grant claims, which are subject to the current property laws in Texas. Finally, Part V explores the possible future for land grant disputes including the recent passage of HB 724, the current goals of heirs seeking recognition of their rights, and competing arguments on the fulfillment of those goals.
Property Rights in Space
Authors: Sarnacki David
Published: June 2020

This Note will discuss why maintaining the status quo, while waiting for the technology to mature, will encourage development and strengthen the industry before being smothered by laws and regulations promulgated by parties who may have conflicts of interest. This Note will first explain why scientists are attempting to mine asteroids. It will then examine the rules that apply, including the two main space treaties (the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Treaty), the modern view of the court, and the history of deep-sea mining. Finally, this Note will apply the treaties to modern plans being developed to harvest an asteroid.
Property, Morality, and Moral Psychology
Authors: Fagundes Dave
Published: June 2020

My comments will proceed in two parts. In Part I, I will briefly describe and summarize the study of moral psychology, indicating how it might apply to property law. And in Part II, I will analyze Property and Social Morality through the lens of moral psychology, showing how Professor Gerhart’s project may be advanced through a richer understanding of the content of our ethical beliefs about property and the psychological mechanisms that give rise to them.
Photoredox-catalyzed silyldifluoromethylation of silyl enol ethers
Authors: Supranovich Vyacheslav I , Levin Vitalij V , Dilman Alexander D
Published: June 2020

A method for the light-mediated fluoroalkylation of silyl enol ethers with (bromodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane followed by a reduction of the primary products with sodium borohydride is described. An 18 W, 375 nm LED was used as the light source. The reaction is performed in the presence of a gold photocatalyst, which effects the generation of a (trimethylsilyl)difluoromethyl radical via cleavage of the carbon–bromine bond.
ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABILITY OF GROWING HERBS AND THE MOST COMMONLY CULTIVATED AGRICULTURAL CROP SPECIES
Authors: Zająkała Monika , Wielewska Izabela
Published: June 2020

Background. The aim of this study was to determine the profitability index of herbs (evening primrose, glandular plantain, black caraway, garden dill) and to compare it with the index of dominant species in the cropping system in Poland.Material and methods. Economic analyzes were carried out based on accounting books made available by the owners of two farms located in the Koronowo Gmina (community) of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and on data provided by the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Agricultural Advisory Centre. The calculations concern the years 2017–2019 and took into account production value, the amount of gross margin, net agricultural income and profitability index.Results. The calculations carried out confirmed the hypothesis that in most cases growing herbs in the field is more profitable than it is for other plant species. The analysis showed that glandular plantain and garden dill had the highest profitability indices. Herbs from which lower financial results were obtained still enabled an income similar to that from sugar beet, pea or winter oilseed rape. The most profitable among the other species was table potato. A farmer's decision regarding the choice of plants for cultivation on a farm should depend on the possibility of selling the produced raw materials on local markets and on their base of machinery and equipment. The study has shown that growing plants from groups that occupy the largest acreage in the cropping structure is characterized by the need to incur very high overheads.Conclusion. Some selected herbs are characterized by a large profitability index that is even several times higher when compared to commonly cultivated agricultural crop species. While other analyzed herb species allow for an income that is at a similar level compared to crops that occupy the largest acreage in Poland. The selection of herbs for cultivation is an economic opportunity, especially for farms with a small area. Their cultivation enables larger agricultural incomes due to their relatively low overhead costs compared to other species. Herb cultivation, however, is a very specific branch of agriculture that requires more human labour.
Marieta Cantos Casenave, Fernán Caballero: Entre elfolklore y la literatura de creación, Cádiz, Fundación Municipal de Cultura del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Cádiz y Concejalía de Cultura del Excmo. Ayuntamiento de El Puerto de Santa María, 1999, 430 pp
Authors: Alvarez Castro Luis
Published: June 2020

Reseña del libro "Fernán Caballero: Entre el folklore y la literatura de creación".
Polis en conflicto: memoria urbana del Golpe de Estado de septiembre de 1973 en Valparaíso, Chile
Authors: Castañeda Meneses Patricia , Cazorla Becerra Ketty , Cuevas Lang Katherine
Published: June 2020

En Chile, el 11 de septiembre de 1973 se produce un Golpe de Estado que inicia una dictadura cívico militar que se extendió hasta marzo de 1990. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo rescatar la memoria urbana de la población mayor de Valparaíso respecto del desarrollo del Golpe de Estado en la ciudad. Se realizó un trabajo de campo aplicando 32 entrevistas cualitativas de enfoque biográfico. Los resultados indican que la memoria de la ciudad reconoce en el Golpe de Estado un hito que fracturó la polis a través de la ruptura del espacio político ciudadano debido a la intervención militar. Como consecuencia, las relaciones entre el Estado y la ciudadanía quedaron retenidas dentro de un marco dictatorial de 17 años, aportando un complejo legado de confrontación urbana definida desde el conflicto y la hostilidad.