bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
S defect-rich MoS2: differences of S point defects and S stripping defects in photocatalysis
Authors: Ren Jiafei , Xing Jiqi , Sun Jian , Ma Haobo , You Jiamin , Liu Juan
Published: October 2024

Photocatalytic degradation of MB is greatly improved by S stripping defect MoS2 compared to S point defect MoS2 due to the excellent separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, and the high adsorption capacity for O2.
Designing and the anticancer activity of chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide lactate nanobeads loaded with Biginelli hybrid
Authors: Janković Nenad , Ristovski Jovana , Žižak Željko , Radan Milica , Cvijić Sandra , Nikolić Katarina , Ignjatović Nenad L.
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the designing and characterization, and anticancer evaluation of chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) loaded (enriched) with a Biginelli hybrid compound (BH).
Translocation of Ti2CO2 MXene monolayer through the cell membranes
Authors: Ahmadi Hamed , Abdolvahab Rouhollah , Esmaeilzadeh Mahdi
Published: October 2024

Nanoparticle-based therapies represent a cutting-edge direction in medical research.
Alkoxyhydrosilane-facilitated cross-etherification reaction of secondary benzyl alcohol with aliphatic alcohol: synthesis of unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers
Authors: Hashimoto Toru , Matsunaga Yakumo , Okamura Yuki , Takao Sosuke , Hojo Makoto
Published: October 2024

Alkoxyhydorosilane is found to be an effective mediator for the cross-etherification reaction between two distinct alcohols, providing the unsymmetrical dialkyl ethers in good-to-high yields.
Thermo-catalytic decomposition of cotton seed press cake over nickel doped zeolite Y, hydrogen: enhanced yield of bio-oil with highly selective fuel-range hydrocarbons
Authors: Afraz Marrij , Nisar Jan , Shah Afzal , Ali Ghulam , Muhammad Faisal , Anwar Farooq , Wan Abdul Karim Ghani Wan Azlina
Published: October 2024

Bo-oil production with a 35% yield from cotton seed press cake via thermo-catalytic pyrolysis using nickel impregnated zeolite Y, hydrogen catalyst.
Catalytic pathways for efficient ammonia-to-hydrogen conversion towards a sustainable energy future
Authors: Usman Mohammad , Ali Ahsan , Yamani Zain H. , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman
Published: October 2024

This review describes the recent development of the catalytic generation of hydrogen from ammonia for the sustainable development of the hydrogen economy.
Catalytic kinetic growth of a half-metallic hexagonal boron nitride-graphene lateral heterostructure using transition metal single-atom catalysts on Rh(111)
Authors: Zhu Yandi , Li Weihu , Ren Xiaoyan , Zhang Lili , Zhao Xingju , Li Shunfang
Published: October 2024

Transition metal single-atom catalysts (TM = Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W) promote growth of a h-BN-G heterostructure on C-dimer-unpreferred Rh(111).
Incomplete charge transfer bestows significant sintering resistance for metal nanoparticles on two-dimensional graphyne
Authors: Gan Min , Huang Jiawei , Li Xiaodong , Li Meiping , Zhang Zhouyang , Yang Ze , Zhang Chunfang , Yang Peng , Gan Xianglai , Lu Chang , Yang Xingcai , Fei Linfeng , Huang Changshui
Published: October 2024

The significant sintering resistance of supported nanoparticles on hydrogen-substituted graphyne (HsGY) originates from the Ostwald ripening (OR) mechanism due to strong incomplete charge transfer interaction (ICTI).
Anodized SLM Ti6Al4V surfaces: influence of surface characteristics on NTs growth and resulted surfaces properties
Authors: Crenn Marie-Joséphine , Lefort Lanig , Brazuna Rémy Pires , Dubot Pierre , Giorgi Marie-Laurence , Peyre Patrice
Published: October 2024

Anodized 3D printed titanium for gingival integration: morphological and chemical characterization.
Fabrication and application of flexible EEG dry electrode based on stacked-template method
Authors: Luo Dan , Niu Xin , Li Hui , Wang Lingzhu , Chen Li , Liu Hao
Published: October 2024

A barb micro-structured (BMS) dry electrode is presented. The coating properties, electrical and electrochemical properties are studied. BMS electrodes have better resistance to hair interference, and to sweat corrosion after thiol treatment.
Dual functionality of NbOx memristors for synaptic and neuronal emulations in advanced neuromorphic systems
Authors: Kim Seongmin , Heo Jungang , Kim Sungjun , Kim Min-Hwi
Published: October 2024

In this work, a novel NbOx memristor that significantly advances neuromorphic computing has been investigated by modulating the compliance current (CC). This device emulates the dynamic functionalities of artificial synapses and neurons.
How do oxygen vacancies affect carrier transport and interface states in β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterojunction photodetectors at elevated temperatures?
Authors: Zhang Xiaoning , Zhao Ling-Xu , Zhao Huanhuan , Yang Jia-Yue , Liu Linhua
Published: October 2024

The temperature and boundary oxygen vacancy can individually decrease the bandgap of the β-Ga2O3/4H-SiC heterojunction, but the coupling effect would increase the bandgap.
Construction of high aspect ratio carbon nanotube networks decorated with MoS2 nanoflowers for superior microwave absorption properties
Authors: Qiang Rong , Xue Rui , Lan Di , Shao Yulong , Chen Yi , Yang Xiao , Wu Guanglei
Published: October 2024

Unique structural design and precise compositional adjustment are universally accepted as effective methods for the enhancement of microwave absorption capacity.
Asymmetric flexible strategies enable liquid crystalline transitions during thermal annealing of the device in organic solar cells
Authors: Han Dong , Ding Minggeng , Tang Bin , Song Kai , Lv Jing , Bao Xichang , Sun Mingliang
Published: October 2024

Liquid crystalline (LC) small molecule donors synthesized using asymmetric flexible strategies exhibited LC transition upon thermal annealing (TA) at 130 °C.
Carbon dots: a promising path towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Parambil Ajith Manayil , Rajamani Paulraj
Published: October 2024

CDs provide unique potential for environmental monitoring and remediation. This perspective article emphasizes the role of co-formed molecules and purification, exploring current trends and future prospects in pollutant detection and removal.
Unlocking Insights: Exploring the Profiles of School-Based Telefacilitators
Authors: Douglass Hannah , Lowman Joneen , Mirakhur Zitsi
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

School-based telefacilitators are critical yet underresearched members of telepractice programs. They are the face of the telepractice program and are often telepractice champions in their communities. However, we have little research explaining the typical profile of telefacilitators, making it more difficult to identify personnel characteristics that contribute to the implementation of sustainable telepractice programs. The purpose of this study was to describe the typical profile and preparation of school-based telefacilitators for physical, occupational, and speech therapy in the United States.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey gathered 21 telefacilitator responses about their primary job title, preparation, confidence, and basic demographics. Survey recruitment followed an adaptive sampling method with three phases: stratified random sampling, purposive sampling, and targeted convenience sampling. Results were analyzed using frequency counts and descriptive statistics where appropriate.

Results:

Most respondents held the primary job title of paraprofessional, but a diverse range of titles were reported, including superintendents and directors of special education. Half of the respondents received various methods of formal training for the role, whereas the other half were self-taught. Overall levels of confidence in job performance were high, yet self-taught telefacilitators felt that lack of training negatively impacted their performance. Most respondents had a bachelor's degree or higher.

Conclusions:

There is a high degree of variability in the profile and preparation of telefacilitators. Inconsistency in terminology and lack of agreed-upon job responsibilities are significant barriers to studying the role of telefacilitators and the ability to plan telepractice staffing needs adequately. Clinical implications and opportunities for future investigation are highlighted.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27115216
Recovery of coronal dimmings
Authors: Ronca G. M. , Chikunova G. , Dissauer K. , Podladchikova T. , Veronig A. M.
Published: October 2024

Context. Coronal dimmings are regions of reduced emission in the lower corona observed in the wake of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), representing their footprints. Studying the lifetime evolution of coronal dimmings helps us to better understand the recovery and replenishment of the corona after large-scale eruptions.

Aims. We study the recovery of dimmings on different spatial scales to enhance our understanding of the replenishment and dynamics of the corona after CMEs.

Methods. In order to investigate the long-term evolution of coronal dimming and its recovery, we propose two approaches that focus on both the global and the local evolution of dimming regions: the fixed mask approach and the pixel boxes approach. We present four case studies (September 6, 2011; March 7, 2012; June 14, 2012; and March 8, 2019) in which a coronal dimming is associated with a flare/CME eruption. We analyzed each event with the same methodology, using extreme-ultraviolet filtergrams from the Solar Dynamics Observatory’s Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory’s Extreme UltraViolet Imager (STEREO/EUVI) instruments. We identified the dimming region by image segmentation, then restricted the analysis to a specific portion of the dimming and tracked the time evolution of the dimming brightness and area. In addition, we study the behavior of small subregions inside the dimming area, of about 3 × 3 pixels, to compare the recovery in different regions of the dimming.

Results. Three out of the four cases show a complete recovery 24 hours after the flare/CME eruption. The primary recovery mechanism identified in the observations is the expansion of coronal loops into the dimming region. The recovery of the brightness follows a two-step trend, with a steeper and quicker segment followed by a slower one. In addition, some parts of the dimming, which may be core dimmings, are still present at the end of the analysis time and do not recover within 3 days, whereas the peripheral regions (secondary dimmings) show a full recovery.

Conclusions. The high temporal and spatial resolution of SDO/AIA observations combined with multi-view data of the STEREO/EUV instrument reveal high-situated coronal loops expanding after CME eruptions, which cover dimming regions and gradually increase their intensity. Our developed approaches enable the analysis of dimmings alongside these bright structures, revealing different timescales of recovery for core and secondary or twin dimming regions. Combined with magnetic field modeling, these methods lay the foundation for further systematic analysis of dimming recovery and enhance the knowledge gained from already-analyzed events.
MOCCA: Global properties of tidally filling and underfilling globular star clusters with multiple stellar populations
Authors: Hypki A. , Vesperini E. , Giersz M. , Hong J. , Askar A. , Otulakowska-Hypka M. , Hellstrom L. , Wiktorowicz G.
Published: October 2024

We explored the evolution of various properties of multiple-population globular clusters (GCs) for a broad range of initial conditions. We simulated over 200 GC models using the MOCCA Monte Carlo code and find that the present-day properties of core and half-light radii and the ratio of the number of second-generation (SG) stars to the total number of stars (NSG/NTOT) of these models cover the observed values of these quantities for Milky Way GCs. Starting with a relatively small value of the SG fraction (NSG/NTOT ~ 0.25) and a SG system concentrated in the inner regions of the cluster, we find, in agreement with previous studies, that systems in which the first-generation (FG) is initially tidally filling or slightly tidally underfilling best reproduce the observed ratios of NSG/NTOT and have values of the core and half-light radii typical of those of many Galactic globular clusters. Models in which the FG is initially tidally underfilling retain values of NSG /NTOT close to their initial values. These simulations expand previous investigations and serve to further constrain the viable range of initial parameters and better understand their influence on present-day GC properties. The results of this investigation also provide the basis for our future survey aimed at building specific models to reproduce the observed trends (or lack thereof) between the properties of multiple stellar populations and other cluster properties.
Primary frequency regulation strategy for doubly-fed induction generators based on virtual inertia
Authors: Zhao Jingwei , Dou Zhenhai
Published: October 2024

With the continuous increase of wind power generation capacity, the necessity of wind power generation participating in primary frequency regulation is also increasing. Most traditional doubly-fed induction generators do not have the capability of frequency regulation control. To solve this problem, the primary frequency regulation strategy for doubly-fed induction generators is designed based by using the inertia of wind turbines. The power control principle and frequency response process of doubly-fed induction generators are studied. On this basis, a strategy of primary frequency regulation based on virtual inertia is proposed. The method enhances the ability of the doubly-fed induction generator to adjust transient and steady-state power when the frequency of the power network changes, and realizes the doubly-fed generators to take part in the primary frequency regulation of the power system. The 3-generator 9-bus model is built using MATLAB/Simulink, in which wind power capacity accounted for 20%. Using this model, it is verified that the virtual inertia strategy can make the output power of doubly-fed generator change with the frequency of the power grid, can effectively participate in the primary frequency regulation of the power grid.
Response of European whitefish embryos to thermal conditions diverges between peri-alpine populations
Authors: Stewart Taylor R. , Brun Charles , Goulon Chloé , Baer Jan , Karjalainen Juha , Guillard Jean , Lasne Emilien
Published: October 2024

Peri-alpine lakes are vulnerable to climate warming. Water temperature in these lakes has increased and will likely continue in the coming decades, questioning the fate of inhabiting aquatic populations. Understanding how coregonine fishes respond to these changes is of great importance as these are economically and ecologically valuable populations. Considering the diversity of European whitefish from the Coregonus genus in peri-alpine lakes, we can assume that their response to rising temperatures could be diverse. We conducted an experiment to explore how embryos from four European whitefish populations from three lakes − Bourget, Geneva, and Constance − responded to contrasting incubation temperatures (7.0 °C vs. 9.0 °C) in terms of incubation duration and survival. In Constance, both pelagic and littoral populations were considered separately. Survival from the eyed-egg stage to hatching at 7.0 °C in all populations was high, ranging from 89% to 98%. At 9.0 °C, increased mortality−compared to the 7.0 °C treatment−was the lowest in Bourget (33%) and the highest in the Constance littoral (62%) population. Mortality was intermediate for the Constance pelagic (44%) and Geneva (45%) populations. The impact of warmer incubation temperature on hatching dynamics also contrasted among populations, as both Constance populations hatched more precociously in the warm treatment relative to the cold treatment (–4.6 and −2.7% Accumulated Degree Days for littoral and pelagic populations, respectively), suggesting they are more stressed than populations from Geneva and Bourget (–1.2 and +1.1%, respectively). These data indicate populations may possess the ability to respond differently to warming temperatures.
L’inouï des cliniques de l’extrême ou la « seconde vie » de la psychanalyse freudienne
Authors: Schwalbe Nicolas
Published: October 2024

En prenant comme point de départ le concept philosophique de “seconde vie” inventé par le philosophe-sinologue François Jullien ainsi que les travaux de Michèle Benhaïm sur la clinique sociale, cet article détaille comment de nouvelles pratiques cliniques auprès de sujets vivants en grande précarité contribuent à la réinvention de la psychanalyse freudienne en tant que technique thérapeutique et en tant que discours scientifique. En s’appuyant sur le dialogue qu’Olivier Douville a eu avec François Jullien, cet article explore également comment le concept d’inouï associé à un référentiel anthropologique en situation clinique permet d’apporter des éclairages aussi bien éthiques et politiques qu’épistémologiques et techniques aux cliniciens qui vivent au contact de la grande précarité dans leurs milieux de travail. Enfin, cet article se conclut avec un récit qui vise à illustrer comment deux concepts opératoires, la « fiction théorique » et le(s) « geste(s) et souffle(s) d’erre(s) », seraient à même de participer à une ré-invention littérale de la psychanalyse freudienne. Cet article a été écrit dans le cadre d’une participation au programme collectif de recherches « F. Deligny et le pratiques cliniques contemporaines » mené par Derek Humphreys (Professeur des Universités-HDR, Paris-Cité) et financé par la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme (MSH) Paris-Nord.
Contrat territorial de Santé Mentale, topologie existentielle et transfert
Authors: le Carpentier Michel
Published: October 2024

En France, les doctrines étatiques organisationnelles actuelles de compensation inclusive et d’accompagnement d’un handicap pour les personnes souffrant de psychose rendent très difficile l’articulation dynamique entre thérapeutique active et insertion sociale. La segmentation entre le champ sanitaire et le champ social, et les doctrines d’incurabilité qui lui sont sous-jacentes mettent à mal la citoyenneté de plein exercice des patients permettant un accès continu aux soins actifs visant un processus thérapeutique. La clinique de la Borde fondée en 1953 par le docteur Jean Oury n’échappe pas à ce clivage, l’établissement ayant l’obligation de se situer dans les nouvelles organisations territoriales visant la psychiatrie via le champ de l’organisation de la Santé Mentale dans le territoire du département de Loir-et-Cher. Dans ce contexte, l’enjeu thérapeutique est de poursuivre auprès de chaque personne souffrant de psychose un accueil singulier en leur proposant une thérapeutique de soins actifs veillant pour chacune d’entre elles à articuler individuellement soins actifs et citoyenneté de plein exercice dans la cité.

La possibilité du champ associatif 1901 intégré par la psychothérapie institutionnelle comme espace singulier de responsabilisation de chaque personne indépendamment de son statut offre la possibilité d’un processus singulier d’inscription dans un champ collectif qui donne sens à la participation de chacune. Dans l’exercice de sa liberté de circulation, l’articulation de la thérapeutique et l’insertion tisse une possibilité de reprise existentielle personnelle au long cours sans trop de risque de catastrophe pathologique.
Einstellung zur Insulinpumpentherapie bei Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes sechs Monate nach Umstellung im Vergleich zu mehrfach täglichen Insulininjektionen – Eine Beobachtungstudie
Authors: Hermanns Norbert , Ehrmann Dominic , Kulzer Bernhard , Kalt Lucas , Seufert Jochen
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund Obwohl die Insulinpumpentherapie (CSII) derzeit im Vergleich zur Insulininjektionstherapie eine deutlich physiologischere Methode der Insulinsubstitution darstellt, wenden in Deutschland im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern weniger Menschen mit einem Typ-1-Diabetes diese Therapieform an. Eine Bedeutung könnten hierbei psychologische Faktoren wie Erwartungen und Einstellungen gegenüber einer Insulinpumpentherapie zukommen. In dieser nicht-interventionellen Beobachtungsstudie wurden die Einstellungen zur Insulinpumpentherapie erwachsener Insulinpumpenträger 6 Monate nach Neueinstellung mit Erwachsenen mit einer mehrfachen täglichen Insulininjektionstherapie (MDI) verglichen.

Methoden Einstellungen zur CSII-Therapie wurden mit dem Insulin Pump Attitudes Questionnaire (IPA-Q) erfasst, sowohl bei Teilnehmern der YES-Studie, einer nicht-interventionellen Post Market Surveillance Study zur Effektivität und Sicherheit der mylife YpsoPump (ohne Hybrid-Closed-Loop Algorithmus (= CSII-Nutzer), als auch bei MDI-Anwendern der IPA-Q-Evaluierungsstudie.

Ergebnisse Es wurden die Fragebogendaten von n=191 Teilnehmern (CSII-Nutzer: n=81 Teilnehmer der YES-Studie; MDI-Nutzer: n=110 Teilnehmer der IPA-Q Evaluierungsstudie) ausgewertet. CSII-Nutzer, die eine mylife YpsoPump verwenden, standen 6 Monate nach der Neueinstellung oder Umstellung auf eine CSII-Therapie einer solchen signifikant positiver gegenüber als Nutzer einer MDI-Therapie, während gleichzeitig weniger Nachteile der Insulinpumpentherapie berichtet wurden.

Schlussfolgerungen Diese Studie zeigt eine hohe Relevanz psychologischer Faktoren für die Akzeptanz und Implementierung einer Insulinpumpentherapie. Strukturierte Diabetesschulungen für Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes und eine gute technische Einweisung bei Personen, die sich für eine Insulinpumpentherapie entschieden haben, können dazu beitragen, unrealistische Erwartungen und inadäquate negative Einstellungen zur Insulinpumpentherapie abzubauen.
Relationship between Location of Focal Traumatic Brain Injury and Canal Involved in Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Authors: Harrell Regan G. , Manetta Chelsea J. , Whitney Susan L.
Published: October 2024

Abstract Introduction Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) has a prevalence of 58% in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) population. Research on idiopathic BPPV has demonstrated a higher prevalence of right-sided canal involvement. While many studies have
investigated the epidemiology of canal involvement in BPPV in both idiopathic and traumatic BPPV (BPPV associated with a fall), there has been no assessment of trauma location as a predictor of the location of BPPV. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the relationship
between the location of a focal TBI and canal involvement in BPPV. Methods Patients who were admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit with a diagnosis of TBI were screened for BPPV. The primary outcome of this study was the side of the TBI, the BPPV type (posterior, horizontal,
or anterior canal), and the side of the BPPV (right, left, or bilateral). Results There were 42 people who had BPPV. Twenty-one had right-sided canal involvement, 14 had left-sided involvement, and 7 had bilateral involvement. Sixteen had right-side tissue involvement, 13 had
left-side involvement, and 13 had bilateral involvement. There was no significant correlation between variables (χ2 = 1.70, p = 0.80). Conclusion All patients with a TBI should have all canals assessed for BPPV as there is no
relationship between the side of focal damage and canal involvement.
Outcome of Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mardegan Chiara , Cao Van Helene , Hanquinet Sylviane , Borradori Tolsa Cristina , Pittet Laure F. , Posfay-Barbe Klara M.
Published: October 2024

Objective Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common intrauterine infection and the leading cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss. This study aims to assess the long-term outcome of the infection and to identify infants at risk of developing long-term sequelae.

Methods This retrospective single-center observational study includes infants born between 2003 and 2019 with confirmed congenital CMV (based on current criteria). Brain imaging (ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), clinical monitoring of neurosensory development, and auditory brainstem evoked responses were performed, as well as long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up to assess sequelae.

Results A total of 66 infants with congenital CMV were included in the study. Median gestational age at birth was 38.6 weeks (interquartile range: 36.9–40.1). Clinical findings included intrauterine growth restriction (39%), microcephaly (29%), thrombocytopenia (17%), and jaundice (11%). Brain abnormalities were observed on ultrasound (30%) and MRI (42%). Neurodevelopmental scores were abnormal in 21 subjects (43%) and associate with the vacuolization of anterior temporal lobe and ventricular septations on MRI (both p = 0.05). Fourteen patients (21%) had sensorineural hearing loss, which was more common in patients with abnormal cerebral images at birth, determined by ultrasound (p = 0.06). Microcephaly (p = 0.05) and abnormal MRI (p = 0.03) at birth were associated with poor long-term outcomes.

Conclusion Early detection of congenital CMV infection is important to prevent long-term complications in affected infants. Understanding the predictors of poor outcomes may help improving management and treatment strategies for this condition.
Hybrid Treatment of Complex Para-anastomotic Aortic Arch Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Ristow Arno von , Carreira Valdo , Gregório Erverton , Coelho Ricardo , Vescovi Alberto , Zukowsky Cleverson , Sartori Pedro
Published: October 2024

The development of pseudoaneurysms increases with time since the original operation, with incidence 0.2 to 25%. The axillofemoral bypass is employed to treat selective aortoiliac obstructions. Rarely, it is used in reverse form and always for treatment of occlusive arterial disease. We report a para-anastomotic aortic arch pseudoaneurysm and add to the literature a successful hybrid treatment, with bilateral femoroaxillary bypasses, thromboexclusion of all supra-aortic trunks, and aortic arch covering with an endograft.
Success in Diverticulitis Management: What Outcomes Really Matter?
Authors: Hawkins Alexander T. , Ueland Thomas E.
Published: October 2024

Achieving optimal outcomes is a universal goal among health care providers. However, disagreement often arises when selecting and measuring endpoints as markers of care performance. In diverticulitis, this task is complicated by variability in clinical presentation and existence of multiple evidence-based therapeutic options. The aim of this review is to summarize trends and challenges in outcomes measurement for diverticulitis. We discuss historical origins and compare existing frameworks for classifying outcomes. Next, focus is directed to an exploration of important outcomes through clinical controversies: antibiotics for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, colectomy with primary anastomosis for acute complicated diverticulitis, and elective colectomy for recurrent diverticulitis. Finally, we review recommendations supporting case-by-case decision-making and implications for clinicians, in addition to ongoing international efforts to standardize outcomes that matter for common diseases.
Traumatic Middle Meningeal Artery Aneurysm: A Rare Cause of Recurrent Acute Epidural Hematoma. A Case Report
Authors: Takahashi Toshihide , Yanaka Kiyoyuki , Aiyama Hitoshi , Saura Minami , Kajita Michihide , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Ishikawa Eiichi
Published: October 2024

Traumatic middle meningeal artery aneurysm (TMMA) is a rare condition and a known cause of several different bleeding patterns after head injury. Once detected, they need to be treated as an emergency due to their potential for morbidity and mortality. Generally, recurrence does not occur in surgery for acute epidural hematoma if adequate hemostasis is achieved. Here, we report a case of atypical postoperative recurrence of an acute epidural hematoma, possibly due to the development and rupture of a TMMA. A 41-year-old man with left acute epidural hematoma after a head injury was referred to our hospital. Emergency craniotomy was performed immediately, and the hematoma was removed. The source of the bleeding was near the fracture site in the middle cranial fossa, and sufficient hemostasis was confirmed. However, a head computed tomography (CT) scan the next day revealed a recurrence of the acute epidural hematoma. Magnetic resonance (MR) angiogram showed an aneurysm with a diameter of approximately 4 mm in the left middle meningeal artery. The recurrence of the acute epidural hematoma appeared to be related to the formation and a rupture of a middle meningeal artery aneurysm, and to prevent subsequent rebleeding, the patient underwent reoperation, and the hematoma and aneurysm were removed. In surgery for acute epidural hematoma, recurrence can be prevented by removing the hematoma and ensuring hemostasis. Although conventional surgery was performed in this case, a repeat of epidural hematoma occurred. A postoperative middle meningeal artery aneurysm had been thought to have developed, ruptured, and caused a repeat epidural hematoma.

In treating acute epidural hematoma, a TMMA development should be considered when an atypical clinical course occurs, such as a recurrence of postoperative bleeding.
The Effect of Magnification on the Quality of Direct Posterior Composite Restorations and the Adjacent Sound Enamel: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Chourasia Hemant Ramesh , Nandalur Kulashekar Reddy , Daghrery Arwa , Vinothkumar Thilla Sekar , Khormi Yazeed , Tawhari Abdullah Ibrahim , Kariri Waleed Hassan
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed at comparatively assessing the effect of different magnification levels on the immediate postoperative quality of class I direct posterior composite restorations and the adjacent sound enamel.

Materials and Methods Following the modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trails (CONSORT) guidelines for in vitro studies, 30 noncarious maxillary human molars were selected. Standardized class I tooth preparation was done in all the teeth. They were randomly divided into three groups: unaided vision, magnifying loupe (3× magnification), and dental operating microscope (7.5× magnification). Each group underwent direct composite restoration, and the restored samples were evaluated for anatomic contour, surface texture, marginal integrity, excess material, and scratching of the adjacent sound enamel.

Statistical analysis The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the post-hoc Mann-Whitney test were employed.

Results Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in anatomic contour, surface texture, marginal integrity, or excess material among the three groups. However, a notable difference was observed in the scratching of adjacent sound enamel, with the unaided vision group exhibiting significantly higher levels than the microscope group (p = 0.022).

Conclusion Direct composite restorations performed without magnification resulted in significantly higher adjacent sound enamel scratching than microscope-assisted procedures. The use of a dental operating microscope may minimize this risk, emphasizing its potential benefits in composite restorations.
Do kindergartens mitigate or exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities in language exposure? The case of home-based and kindergarten-based shared book reading activities in China
Authors: Cui Shujing , Greger David
Published: October 2024

Shared book reading is a well-established practice for boosting children’s language exposure and enhancing early development at home and in child care settings. The present study examined the socioeconomic gaps in home-based and kindergarten-based shared book reading practices in China. The participants were 1095 parents and 111 teachers in 69 classes from kindergartens in Chongqing, China. Differences in terms of the quantity of both home-based and kindergarten-based shared book reading across SES spectrums were tested. Multi-level modelling was conducted to examine the factors associated with the quantity of home-based and kindergarten-based shared book reading. The results revealed that the socioeconomic gap in home-based shared book reading and the resultant language exposure were significant. Family SES and home literacy resources were associated with the quantity of home-based shared book reading and the availability of literacy resources in the classroom is associated with the quantity of kindergarten-based shared book reading. Kindergartens did not mitigate the socioeconomic inequities of language exposure related to shared book reading. Intervention programs shall focus on improving access to both home-based and kindergarten-based literacy materials.
Less than one percent of words would be affected by gender-inclusive language in German press texts
Authors: Müller-Spitzer Carolin , Ochs Samira , Koplenig Alexander , Rüdiger Jan Oliver , Wolfer Sascha
Published: October 2024

Research on gender and language is tightly knitted to social debates on gender equality and non-discriminatory language use. Psycholinguistic scholars have made significant contributions in this field. However, corpus-based studies that investigate these matters within the context of language use are still rare. In our study, we address the question of how much textual material would actually have to be changed if non-gender-inclusive texts were rewritten to be gender-inclusive. This quantitative measure is an important empirical insight, as a recurring argument against the use of gender-inclusive German is that it supposedly makes written texts too long and complicated. It is also argued that gender-inclusive language has negative effects on language learners. However, such effects are only likely if gender-inclusive texts are very different from those that are not gender-inclusive. In our corpus-linguistic study, we manually annotated German press texts to identify the parts that would have to be changed. Our results show that, on average, less than 1% of all tokens would be affected by gender-inclusive language. This small proportion calls into question whether gender-inclusive German presents a substantial barrier to understanding and learning the language, particularly when we take into account the potential complexities of interpreting masculine generics.
Extended human agency: towards a teleological account of AI
Authors: Noller Jörg
Published: October 2024

This paper analyzes human-machine interrelation concerning artificial neuronal networks (ANNs) from a teleological point of view. The paper argues that AI cannot be understood adequately in terms of subjectivity or objectivity but rather as a new kind of teleological relationship that holds between human and artificial performances of intelligence. Thereby, AI is understood as an enactivist extension of human agency, both in instrumental and moral terms. This hybrid account will be distinguished from four alternative accounts of human-machine relations: (i) the simulation account, according to which AI simulates human rationality; (ii) the instrumentalist account, according to which AI is just a tool; (iii) the anthropomorphic account, according to which AI is human-like; and (iv) the indifference account, according to which AI will merge with human rationality due to technological progress. Against these four accounts, the paper argues for a teleological account of AI as extended human agency that is part of the human lifeworld. By focusing on the teleological interrelation of socially grounded databases and algorithms, the paper finally develops an account of responsible AI that considers its specific relatedness with human actions, purposes, and intentions by means of language. Understanding human-machine relations in terms of extended agency finally allows to tackle the question of how to avoid the problems of AI bias and opacity.
Intelligent sensing for the autonomous manipulation of microrobots toward minimally invasive cell surgery
Authors: Gao Wendi , Bai Yunfei , Yang Yujie , Jia Lanlan , Mi Yingbiao , Cui Wenji , Liu Dehua , Shakoor Adnan , Zhao Libo , Li Junyang , Luo Tao , Sun Dong , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: October 2024

The physiology and pathogenesis of biological cells have drawn enormous research interest. Benefiting from the rapid development of microfabrication and microelectronics, miniaturized robots with a tool size below micrometers have widely been studied for manipulating biological cells in vitro and in vivo. Traditionally, the complex physiological environment and biological fragility require human labor interference to fulfill these tasks, resulting in high risks of irreversible structural or functional damage and even clinical risk. Intelligent sensing devices and approaches have been recently integrated within robotic systems for environment visualization and interaction force control. As a consequence, microrobots can be autonomously manipulated with visual and interaction force feedback, greatly improving accuracy, efficiency, and damage regulation for minimally invasive cell surgery. This review first explores advanced tactile sensing in the aspects of sensing principles, design methodologies, and underlying physics. It also comprehensively discusses recent progress on visual sensing, where the imaging instruments and processing methods are summarized and analyzed. It then introduces autonomous micromanipulation practices utilizing visual and tactile sensing feedback and their corresponding applications in minimally invasive surgery. Finally, this work highlights and discusses the remaining challenges of current robotic micromanipulation and their future directions in clinical trials, providing valuable references about this field.
Synaptic weight dynamics underlying memory consolidation: Implications for learning rules, circuit organization, and circuit function
Authors: Bhasin Brandon J. , Raymond Jennifer L. , Goldman Mark S.
Published: October 2024

Systems consolidation is a common feature of learning and memory systems, in which a long-term memory initially stored in one brain region becomes persistently stored in another region. We studied the dynamics of systems consolidation in simple circuit architectures with two sites of plasticity, one in an early-learning and one in a late-learning brain area. We show that the synaptic dynamics of the circuit during consolidation of an analog memory can be understood as a temporal integration process, by which transient changes in activity driven by plasticity in the early-learning area are accumulated into persistent synaptic changes at the late-learning site. This simple principle naturally leads to a speed-accuracy tradeoff in systems consolidation and provides insight into how the circuit mitigates the stability-plasticity dilemma of storing new memories while preserving core features of older ones. Furthermore, it imposes two constraints on the circuit. First, the plasticity rule at the late-learning site must stably support a continuum of possible outputs for a given input. We show that this is readily achieved by heterosynaptic but not standard Hebbian rules. Second, to turn off the consolidation process and prevent erroneous changes at the late-learning site, neural activity in the early-learning area must be reset to its baseline activity. We provide two biologically plausible implementations for this reset that propose functional roles in stabilizing consolidation for core elements of the cerebellar circuit.
A mismatch between striatal cholinergic pauses and dopaminergic reward prediction errors
Authors: Duhne Mariana , Mohebi Ali , Kim Kyoungjun , Pelattini Lilian , Berke Joshua D.
Published: October 2024

Striatal acetylcholine and dopamine critically regulate movement, motivation, and reward-related learning. Pauses in cholinergic interneuron (CIN) firing are thought to coincide with dopamine pulses encoding reward prediction errors (RPE) to jointly enable synaptic plasticity. Here, we examine the firing of identified CINs during reward-guided decision-making in freely moving rats and compare this firing to dopamine release. Relationships between CINs, dopamine, and behavior varied strongly by subregion. In the dorsal–lateral striatum, a
Go!
cue evoked burst–pause CIN spiking, followed by a brief dopamine pulse that was unrelated to RPE. In the dorsal–medial striatum, this cue evoked only a CIN pause, that was curtailed by a movement-selective rebound in firing. Finally, in the ventral striatum, a reward cue evoked RPE-coding increases in both dopamine and CIN firing, without a consistent pause. Our results demonstrate a spatial and temporal dissociation between CIN pauses and dopamine RPE signals and will inform future models of striatal information processing under both normal and pathological conditions.
Observation of Brownian elastohydrodynamic forces acting on confined soft colloids
Authors: Fares Nicolas , Lavaud Maxime , Zhang Zaicheng , Jha Aditya , Amarouchene Yacine , Salez Thomas
Published: October 2024

Confined motions in complex environments are ubiquitous in microbiology. These situations invariably involve the intricate coupling between fluid flow, soft boundaries, surface forces, and fluctuations. In the present study, such a coupling is investigated using a method combining holographic microscopy and advanced statistical inference. Specifically, the Brownian motion of soft micrometric oil droplets near rigid walls is quantitatively analyzed. All the key statistical observables are reconstructed with high precision, allowing for nanoscale resolution of local mobilities and femtonewton inference of conservative or nonconservative forces. Strikingly, the analysis reveals the existence of a novel, transient, but large,
soft Brownian force
. The latter might be of crucial importance for microbiological and nanophysical transport, target finding, or chemical reactions in crowded environments, and hence the whole life machinery.
Four decades of Eukaryotic DNA replication: From yeast genetics to high-resolution cryo-EM structures of the replisome
Authors: Tye Bik-Kwoon
Published: October 2024

I had my eyes set on DNA replication research when I took my first molecular biology course in graduate school. My election to the National Academy of Sciences came just when I was retiring from active research. It gives me an opportunity to reflect on my personal journey in eukaryotic DNA replication research, which started as a thought experiment and culminated in witnessing the determination of the cryoelectron microscopic structure of the yeast replisome in the act of transferring histone-encoded epigenetic information at the replication fork. I would like to dedicate this inaugural article to my talented trainees and valuable collaborators in gratitude for the joy they gave me in this journey. I also want to thank my mentors who instilled in me the purpose of science. I hope junior scientists will not be disheartened by the marathon nature of research, but mindful enough to integrate and pause for other equally fun and meaningful activities of life into the marathon.
120 years of reporting clauses
Authors: Ebeling Jarle
Published: October 2024

Introducing the Corpus of British Fiction, this paper studies the development and functions
of expansions in the form of manner adverbs and ‑ing clauses within reporting clauses. The
investigation shows that the use of single adverbs to modify the reporting verb has not increased in line with the
increased use of say as a reporting verb. The opposite is the case with ing-clause
expansions, as the use of these is stable or on the rise in the 120 years covered by the corpus. The study contains a
diachronic, mostly unsupervised quantitative part and a synchronic qualitative part, including manual scrutiny of the
functions of the expansions under study.1
When is non-writing writing? or, When is writing non-writing?
Authors: Daniels Peter T.
Published: October 2024

It was easy to say that writing was invented out of nothing three times (that we can be sure of), in Sumer, China,
and Mesoamerica. That syllables were important in those inventions emerged from attention to modern inventions of writing. But in
recent years, specialists in Mesopotamian and Mesoamerican texts have been uncovering details about the development of cuneiform
and glyphs that, perhaps surprisingly, prove to be comparable and mutually illuminating. In both cases, it seems legitimate to say
that the earliest forms did not yet represent the actual writing of specific languages (
Writing
:
A system of more or less permanent marks used to represent an utterance in such a way that it can be recovered more or
less exactly without the intervention of the utterer). Chinese writing, even though we cannot observe any essential
changes in the system from its earliest known examples to the present day, also proves to have something to
contribute, in the wake of a comparative study of how Chinese writing was adapted for writing neighboring (and unrelated)
languages. And even half a century of experience with a semiotic system designed to be alinguistic, “Blissymbolics,” has something
to tell us about non-writing turning into writing.
Segments and syllables in Hangeul and Thaana
Authors: Gnanadesikan Amalia E.
Published: October 2024

This paper compares the little-known writing system Thaana, used for the Maldivian language, with Hangeul, used
for Korean. Both were intentional inventions by native speakers in early modern times, and both contain some unique features. Both
are segmental in their representation while also arranging their letters into higher-order structures: syllables or CV groupings.
These structures obey well-formedness constraints that are well known from the study of phonological (spoken) syllables. This
paper argues that the operation of these constraints is evidence that these writing systems employ a grammar, which is analyzed
here using Optimality Theory. Thaana and Hangeul use the same syllabification constraints, but the rankings differ between the two
systems. The rankings also differ between each writing system and its related spoken language. This paper adds to the growing body
of research that applies the tools of linguistic analysis to writing systems and finds evidence of grammar in their structure.
Assessing the restorative effects of observing a video of dog play in urban dog parks using EEG
Authors: Lee Hyung-Sook , Lee Jeong-Yeon
Published: October 2024

Contact with nature is restorative and leads to health benefits via
nearby nature
such as gardens, natural scenes, and interactions with companion animals. Although the recovery effect of natural environments is well known, few studies examine the restorative value of watching animals in urban park settings such as off-leash dog areas in urban parks. This study aims to investigate the restorative effect of observing dog play in urban dog parks by measuring brain activity, emotional state, and perceived restorativeness. Brain activity and psychological responses were measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and the perceived restorativeness scale (PRS)/profile of mood states, respectively. The EEG results demonstrated that the dog play video produced significantly lower alpha and higher beta power spectra, which suggested that the subjects were attentive and focused by accepting the scene as an interesting stimulus. Among the subscales of the PRS, fascination plays an important role in the restorative effects of watching dog play. The subjects felt more lively, cheerful, and interested than they did when watching the city and natural view videos. Thus, the perceived restorative values of watching dog play video in dog parks are comparable to those of natural park video environments. Moreover, dog parks exerted positive effects regardless of dog ownership status by improving mood and enhancing restorative experience. Opportunities for watching dog play in safe places around dog parks through considerable park planning would extend the health benefits of dog parks to non-dog owners and improve negative attitudes toward dog parks.