bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALOKASI PASOKAN BERDASARKAN PRODUK UNGGULAN UNTUK RANTAI PASOK SAYURAN SEGAR
Authors: Marimin Marimin , Hadiguna Rika Ampuh
Published: November 2023

Application of artificial inteligent by using fuzzy logic can be one of way to handle supply chain situation in uncertainty environment. It was widely concern to study a supply chain using fuzzy logic that most needed. Ain of the study was apply fuzzy logic in determination of supply allocation for superior product in vegetables supply chain. Models was developed in three sub models. First was determination vegetables types that superior by using pareto technique and exponential compaarison method (MPE). Second was expert system to determine supply needed and finally was optimizing supply allocation using fuzzy multi-objective linear programming. The model was applied in a vegetables agroindustry that superior product selected was red paprica. Analysis againts model behaviour is conducted for pesimistic and optimistic scenarios.

Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia :

Penerapan kecerdasan buatan dengan logika fuzzy bisa menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengatasi situasi rantai pasok dalam lingkungan ketidakpastian. Perhatian yang lebih luas untuk pembahasan rantai pasok menggunakan teknik fuzzy masih sangat dibutuhkan. Studi ini bertujuan menerapkan logika fuzzy dalam penentuan alokasi pasokan untuk produk unggulan pada rantai pasok agroindustri sayuran. Model yang terdiri dari tiga sub model. Sub model pertama adalah penentuan jenis sayuran yang diunggulkan menggunakan kombinasi teknik pareto dan metode perbandingan eksponensial (MPE). Sub model kedua adalah sistem pakar untuk menentukan kebutuhan pasokan menggunakan logika fuzzy. Sub model ketiga adalah optimasi alokasi pasokan menggunakan programa linear obyektif majemuk fuzzy. Model yang dibangun kemudian diterapkan pada sebuah perusahaan agroindustri sayuran dengan produk unggulan terpilih adalah paprika merah. Analisis terhadap prilaku model juga dilakukan untuk skenario pesimis dan optimis.

Kata kunci: fuzzy, sistem pakar, MPE, obyektif majemuk, sayuran
Hepatitis D
Authors: Negro Francesco , Lok Anna S.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection occurs in association with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and affects approximately 12 million to 72 million people worldwide. HDV causes more rapid progression to cirrhosis and higher rates of hepatocellular carcinoma than HBV alone or hepatitis C virus.

Observations

HDV requires HBV to enter hepatocytes and to assemble and secrete new virions. Acute HDV-HBV coinfection is followed by clearance of both viruses in approximately 95% of people, whereas HDV superinfection in an HBV-infected person results in chronic HDV-HBV infection in more than 90% of infected patients. Chronic hepatitis D causes more rapidly progressive liver disease than HBV alone. Approximately 30% to 70% of patients with chronic hepatitis D have cirrhosis at diagnosis and more than 50% die of liver disease within 10 years of diagnosis. However, recent studies suggested that progression is variable and that more than 50% of people may have an indolent course. Only approximately 20% to 50% of people infected by hepatitis D have been diagnosed due to lack of awareness and limited access to reliable diagnostic tests for the HDV antibody and HDV RNA. The HBV vaccine prevents HDV infection by preventing HBV infection, but no vaccines are available to protect those with established HBV infection against HDV. Interferon alfa inhibits HDV replication and reduces the incidence of liver-related events such as liver decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplant, or mortality from 8.5% per year to 3.3% per year. Adverse effects from interferon alfa such as fatigue, depression, and bone marrow suppression are common. HBV nucleos(t)ide analogues, such as entecavir or tenofovir, are ineffective against HDV. Phase 3 randomized clinical trials of bulevirtide, which blocks entry of HDV into hepatocytes, and lonafarnib, which interferes with HDV assembly, showed that compared with placebo or observation, these therapies attained virological and biochemical response in up to 56% of patients after 96 weeks of bulevirtide monotherapy and 19% after 48 weeks of lonafarnib, ritonavir, and pegylated interferon alfa treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance

HDV infection affects approximately 12 million to 72 million people worldwide and is associated with more rapid progression to cirrhosis and liver failure and higher rates of hepatocellular carcinoma than infection with HBV alone. Bulevirtide was recently approved for HDV in Europe, whereas pegylated interferon alfa is the only treatment available in most countries.
How Health Care Organizations Should Support Social Services
Authors: Butler Stuart M.
Published: November 2023

This JAMA Forum explores the potential role for health care organizations in social services investment and the challenges and opportunities in collaborating with community organizations.
Intraocular Pressure in Eyes With Retinal Vein Occlusion Compared With Fellow Eyes
Authors: Aref Ahmad A. , Scott Ingrid U. , Oden Neal L. , Ip Michael S. , VanVeldhuisen Paul C. , Blodi Barbara A. ,   SCORE and SCORE2 Study Investigator Groups
Published: November 2023

This cohort study investigates intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) compared with fellow, unaffected eyes.
Design and implementation of a prototype radiotherapy menu in a patient portal
Authors: O'Sullivan‐Steben Kayla , Galarneau Luc , Judd Susie , Laizner Andrea M. , Williams Tristan , Kildea John
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Radiotherapy patients often face undue anxiety due to misconceptions about radiation and their inability to visualize their upcoming treatments. Access to their personal treatment plans is one way in which pre‐treatment anxiety may be reduced. But radiotherapy data are quite complex, requiring specialized software for display and necessitating personalized explanations for patients to understand them. Therefore, our goal was to design and implement a novel radiotherapy menu in a patient portal to improve patient access to and understanding of their radiotherapy treatment plans.

Methods

A prototype radiotherapy menu was developed in our institution's patient portal following a participatory stakeholder co‐design methodology. Customizable page templates were designed to render key radiotherapy data in the portal's patient‐facing mobile phone app. DICOM‐RT data were used to provide patients with relevant treatment parameters and generate pre‐treatment 3D visualizations of planned treatment beams, while the mCODE data standard was used to provide post‐treatment summaries of the delivered treatments. A focus group was conducted to gather initial patient feedback on the menu.

Results

Pre‐treatment: the radiotherapy menu provides patients with a personalized treatment plan overview, including a personalized explanation of their treatment, along with an interactive 3D rendering of their body, and treatment beams for visualization. Post‐treatment: a summary of the delivered radiotherapy is provided, allowing patients to retain a concise personal record of their treatment that can easily be shared with future healthcare providers. Focus group feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Patients highlighted how the intuitive presentation of their complex radiotherapy data would better prepare them for their radiation treatments.

Conclusions

We successfully designed and implemented a prototype radiotherapy menu in our institution's patient portal that improves patient access to and understanding of their radiotherapy data. We used the mCODE data standard to generate post‐treatment summaries in a way that is easily shareable and interoperable.
Synergistic Multilevel Sieving Membranes: Integrating Cellular Graphene Skeleton with Continuous MOFs Nanolayer for Superior Multiphase Water Separation
Authors: Zhang Shizhuo , Yuan Jun , Wang Shuai , Li Yunfan , Xu Yuhang , Sun Dingyue , Liu Feng , Cheng Gary J.
Published: November 2023

The emergence of MOF–based separation membranes has transformed liquid contaminant filtration with impressive sieving properties. However, their use in multiphase water filtration is hindered by a limited sieving range and susceptibility to collapse in solution. To address this challenge, an innovative solution is presented: the Multilevel Cellular Graphene Skeleton (MCGK) induced by femtosecond laser, onto which a continuous MOF nanolayer (CMN), specifically ZIF–8, is grown. This forms a groundbreaking multistage micron/nanocomposite pore membrane. The MCGK/CMN membrane significantly expands the range of filterable contaminants and enhances stability. It utilizes a multilevel, multi–pore size sieving strategy for effective multiphase water filtration, achieving an impressive 90% efficiency in self–driven solar steam generation sieving. Additionally, it excels in removing organic pollutants and over 80% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), while reducing metal ion concentrations. In liquid pressure–driven filtration, it achieves complete oil adsorption and reduces VOCs and metal ion concentrations. This innovative multistage micron/nanocomposite pore membrane holds great potential for diverse practical applications and provides insights for next–generation nanofiltration membranes, promising more efficient and resilient water purification technologies in the future.
Integrating Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biocompatible Scaffold for Real‐Time Bone Repair Monitoring and Assessment
Authors: Yang Ai , Wang Yue , Feng Qian , Fatima Kanwal , Zhang Qianqian , Zhou Xiaojun , He Chuanglong
Published: November 2023

In situ monitoring of bone tissue regeneration progression is critical for the development of bone tissue engineering scaffold. However, engineered scaffolds that can stimulate osteogenic progress and allow for non‐invasive monitoring of in vivo bone regeneration simultaneously are rarely reported. Based on a hard‐and‐soft integration strategy, a multifunctional scaffold composed of 3D printed microfilaments and a hydrogel network containing simvastatin (SV), indocyanine green‐loaded superamphiphiles, and aminated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO‐NH2) is fabricated. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the as‐prepared scaffold significantly promotes osteogenesis through controlled SV release. The biocomposite scaffold exhibits alkaline phosphatase‐responsive near‐infrared II fluorescence imaging. Meanwhile, USPIO‐NH2 within the co‐crosslinked nanocomposite network enables the visualization of scaffold degradation by magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, the biocomposite scaffold enables or facilitates non‐invasive in situ monitoring of neo‐bone formation and scaffold degradation processes following osteogenic stimulation, offering a promising strategy to develop theranostic scaffolds for tissue engineering.
High‐Resolution Intaglio Transfer Printing of Silver Nanowires for Wearable Electrophysiological Sensors
Authors: Kim Hye Hyun , Kim Kiwook , Yang Jiwoong , Choi Moon Kee
Published: November 2023

Silver nanowires (NWs) are promising materials for flexible electronics, such as electronic skins due to their excellent electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Achieving precise patterning of Ag NWs is essential for the successful integration and miniaturization of the electronic device system, but the high aspect ratio (AR) of NWs and the high porosity of NW networks pose challenges in forming high‐resolution patterns. Herein, the intaglio transfer printing technique to create high‐resolution patterning of ultralong Ag NWs (AR≈1000) is presented. During the pattern formation process, the external force becomes concentrated specifically at the edge of the intaglio trench, resulting in the breaking of the entangled Ag NW network in the corresponding region. This simple yet effective technique enables precise high‐resolution (minimum line width: 7 µm) and complicated Ag NW patterns on flexible substrates. The patterned Ag NWs are conformally attached to the various curvilinear surfaces and show high mechanical stability under continuous bending conditions. Wearable electrophysiological sensors are demonstrated to monitor electromyography and electrocardiogram signals in real‐time for continuous healthcare monitoring. This patterning strategy offers an effective approach for achieving high‐resolution patterns of highly anisotropic nanomaterials and highlights the potential of patterned Ag NWs in wearable electronics.
Bimetallic Pd‐Sn Catalytic Electrodes from Deep Eutectic Solvents for Selective Nitrate Reduction Toward Nitrogen
Authors: Kuan Wei‐Fan , Chen Ching‐Lung , Ahmad Muhammad Sheraz , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Chen Hao Ming , Su Jenn Fang
Published: November 2023

Nitrate is one of the most widespread water contaminants globally. Nitrate levels in groundwater and surface water can rise to unhealthy levels as a result of nitrogen fertilizer runoff from lawns and farms. This research aims to selectively convert nitrate to gaseous nitrogen using Palladium‐Tin (Pd‐Sn) bimetallic electrodes electrodeposited on stainless‐steel (SS). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction are used to analyze the composition, surface morphology, and crystal structure of the electrodes. The XRD analysis reveals that the Pd‐Sn/SS electrode has a crystalline nature when a Pd molar ratio >0.5 while an amorphous phase is detected over a Pd molar ratio (≤0.5). The electrochemical nitrate reduction is carried out in a 0.1 M HClO4 / 8 mM NaNO3 solution for 5 h using electrodes prepared in deep eutectic solvent (DES) system. The Pd0.93Sn0.07/SS electrode shows the best catalytic performance in terms of high nitrate conversion of 97%, N2 selectivity of 88%, and N2 yield of 86% compared to counter electrodes. These findings demonstrate a considerable impact of the electrode preparation process on nitrogen conversion, selectivity, and yield.
Thiol‐Functionalized Conjugated Metal–Organic Frameworks for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Liang Xiao , Singh Mriganka , Wang Fei , Fong Patrick W. K , Ren Zhiwei , Zhou Xianfang , Wan Xuejuan , Sutter‐Fella Carolin M. , Shi Yumeng , Lin Haoran , Zhu Quanyao , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin
Published: November 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated recently in perovskite photovoltaics owing to their potential to boost optoelectronic performance and device stability. However, the impact of variations in the MOF side chain on perovskite characteristics and the mechanism of MOF/perovskite film formation remains unclear. In this study, three nanoscale thiol‐functionalized UiO‐66‐type Zr‐based MOFs (UiO‐66‐(SH)2, UiO‐66‐MSA, and UiO‐66‐DMSA) are systematically employed and examined in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among these MOFs, UiO‐66‐(SH)2, with its rigid organic ligands, exhibited a strong interaction with perovskite materials with more efficient suppression of perovskite vacancy defects. More importantly, A detailed and in‐depth discussion is provided on the formation mechanism of UiO‐66‐(SH)2‐assisted perovskite film upon in situ GIWAXS performed during the annealing process. The incorporation of UiO‐66‐(SH)2 additives substantially facilitates the conversion of PbI2 into the perovskite phase, prolongs the duration of stage I, and induces a delayed phase transformation pathway. Consequently, the UiO‐66‐(SH)2‐assisted device demonstrates reduced defect density and superior optoelectronic properties with optimized power conversion efficiency of 24.09% and enhanced long‐term stability under ambient environment and continuous light illumination conditions. This study acts as a helpful design guide for desired MOF/perovskite structures, enabling further advancements in MOF/perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Current Advances on Nanomaterials Interfering with Lactate Metabolism for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Cheng Qian , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Li Qi‐Lin , Wang Lin , Wang Zheng
Published: November 2023

Increasing numbers of studies have shown that tumor cells prefer fermentative glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation to provide a vast amount of energy for fast proliferation even under oxygen‐sufficient conditions. This metabolic alteration not only favors tumor cell progression and metastasis but also increases lactate accumulation in solid tumors. In addition to serving as a byproduct of glycolytic tumor cells, lactate also plays a central role in the construction of acidic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, resulting in therapeutic tolerance. Recently, targeted drug delivery and inherent therapeutic properties of nanomaterials have attracted great attention, and research on modulating lactate metabolism based on nanomaterials to enhance antitumor therapy has exploded. In this review, the advanced tumor therapy strategies based on nanomaterials that interfere with lactate metabolism are discussed, including inhibiting lactate anabolism, promoting lactate catabolism, and disrupting the “lactate shuttle”. Furthermore, recent advances in combining lactate metabolism modulation with other therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal therapy, and reactive oxygen species‐related therapies, etc., which have achieved cooperatively enhanced therapeutic outcomes, are summarized. Finally, foreseeable challenges and prospective developments are also reviewed for the future development of this field.
How does aggregation‐induced emission aggregate interdisciplinary research?
Authors: Zhu Jing , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: November 2023

It is a matter of debate whether the discipline independence in discipline formation narrows its interdisciplinarity. It is also less well understood how disruptive works emerge in investigative practice rather than a theory‐driven approach. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) is an atypical photophysical phenomenon, in which the whole (aggregate) is brighter than the sum of its parts (single molecule). Through measuring and computing the cognitive extent and evolution of research on AIE, including topics, epistemic‐social collaborative networks, interdisciplinarity, emergent concepts, core concept networks and knowledge flow, this study shows that a cross‐research scales concept and its practice can establish new bridges in the sciences and promote disruptive work. Focusing on mesoscale entities, scientists from many different branches of science are involved in theoretical research on mechanisms, as well as developing different AIE systems for applications. The data analysis in this study provides details showing how non‐reductionist concepts based on new scientific discoveries cross traditional disciplinary boundaries and aggregate interdisciplinary research. The emergence and evolution of the AIE field implies that scientists may be motivated to embrace nonreductionist ideas at different research scales, leading to a more permeable field boundary.
A two‐phase method of moments model for high‐impact polystyrene phase inversion conversion and molecular properties
Authors: Zhu Chen‐Xu , Jin Jie , Wu Yi‐Yang , Figueira Freddy L. , Edeleva Mariya , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: November 2023

A challenge for high‐impact polystyrene (HIPS) production and design is the more accurate and low computational cost prediction of the phase separation and phase inversion conversion, the first conversion determining the onset of the two‐phase system and the second conversion defining the pathway toward a complex, for example, salami‐like morphology. In this work, a two‐phase deterministic method of moments (MoM) model running in several minutes is therefore developed in the intermediate styrene conversion range (up to around 30%), considering for simplicity only diffusional limitations on termination on an average basis. It is showcased that the phase separation conversion can be taken as 2 m%, and the phase inversion conversion should be calculated by algebraic means. Interestingly, the latter conversion varies with the initial reaction conditions either on a time basis (e.g., variation of initial radical concentration) or both a time and conversion basis (e.g., relative contribution of rubber and St partitioning coefficient). A comparison with the commonly used pseudo‐homogeneous MoM model reveals that by accounting for mass transfer in a more representative two‐phase model, the amount of monomer consumed is slightly reduced, the grafting efficiency decreases with increasing conversion instead of increasing, and the styrene composition in the graft copolymer decreases. The current work additionally puts forward two‐phase MoM data to facilitate future benchmarking with other (stochastic) modeling approaches and enables kinetic insights into heterogeneous grafting polymerization, further promoting the production of multiphase industrial polymer products.
Improving Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution through Local Field Distortion in Mg/Fe Dual‐site Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhao Yufeng , Zhao Wanting , Wang Jing , Hu Yongfeng , Huang Chengyu , Zou Xingli , Liu Yang , Zhang Dengsong , Lu Xionggang , Fan Hongjin , Hou Yanglong
Published: November 2023

Transition metal single atom electrocatalysts (SACs) with metal‐nitrogen‐carbon (M−N−C) configuration show great potential in oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereby the spin‐dependent electrons must be allowed to transfer along reactants (OH−/H2O, singlet spin state) and products (O2, triplet spin state). Therefore, it is imperative to modulate the spin configuration in M−N−C to enhance the spin‐sensitive OER energetics, which however remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a local field distortion induced intermediate to low spin transition by introducing a main‐group element (Mg) into the Fe−N−C architecture, and decode the underlying origin of the enhanced OER activity. We unveil that, the large ionic radii mismatch between Mg2+ and Fe2+ can cause a FeN4 in‐plane square local field deformation, which triggers a favorable spin transition of Fe2+ from intermediate (dxy2dxz2dyz1dz21, 2.96 μB) to low spin (dxy2dxz2dyz2, 0.95 μB), and consequently regulate the thermodyna‐mics of the elementary step with desired Gibbs free energies. The as‐obtained Mg/Fe dual‐site catalyst demonstrates a superior OER activity with an overpotential of 224 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and an electrolysis voltage of only 1.542 V at 10 mA cm−2 in the overall water splitting, which outperforms those of the state‐of‐the‐art transition metal SACs.
Importing Antibonding‐Orbital Occupancy through Pd−O−Gd Bridge Promotes Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Ning Shuwang , Li Meng , Wang Xuan , Zhang Di , Zhang Baiyu , Wang Caikang , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen , Li Hao , Sun Kang , Fu Gengtao
Published: November 2023

The active‐site density, intrinsic activity, and durability of Pd−based materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are critical to their application in industrial energy devices. This work constructs a series of carbon‐based rare‐earth (RE) oxides (Gd2O3, Sm2O3, Eu2O3, and CeO2) by using RE metal–organic frameworks to tune the ORR performance of the Pd sites through the Pd−RExOy interface interaction. Taking Pd−Gd2O3/C as a representative, it is identified that the strong coupling between Pd and Gd2O3 induces the formation of the Pd−O−Gd bridge, which triggers charge redistribution of Pd and Gd2O3. The screened Pd−Gd2O3/C exhibits impressive ORR performance with high onset potential (0.986 VRHE), half‐wave potential (0.877 VRHE), and excellent stability. Similar ORR results are also found for Pd−Sm2O3/C, Pd−Eu2O3/C, and Pd−CeO2/C catalysts. Theoretical analyses reveal that the coupling between Pd and Gd2O3 promotes electron transfer through the Pd−O−Gd bridge, which induces the antibonding‐orbital occupancy of Pd−*OH for the optimization of *OH adsorption in the rate‐determining step of ORR. The pH‐dependent microkinetic modeling shows that Pd−Gd2O3 is close to the theoretical optimal activity for ORR, outperforming Pt under the same conditions. By its ascendancy in ORR, the Pd−Gd2O3/C exhibits superior performance in Zn‐air battery as an air cathode, implying its excellent practicability.
Sonochemical synthesis of ortho‐aminocarbonitrile tetrahydronaphthalenes using mesoporous yolk–shell nanocomposites as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst and evaluation of their in vitro antimicrobial activities
Authors: Khorasani Mahsa , Naeimi Hossein , Zahraei Zohreh
Published: November 2023

A mobile Ca/Mg core was formed inside the silica shell of mesoporous yolk–shell nanocomposites (CaO‐MgO@SiO2). This new structure of hollow mesoporous silica spheres has been successfully synthesized inside the inner cavity. The used carbon spheres as a rigid template in the multi‐step synthetic process are covered with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and a mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Then, the tetrahydronaphthalenes were synergistically synthesized using CaO‐MgO@SiO2 nanocomposites as a nanocatalyst under ultrasound irradiation. By this technique, the required items could be produced with a high to excellent efficiency between 90% and 98% and the reaction times of 5–15 min. As an effective and reusable catalyst in multicomponent processes, the CaO‐MgO@SiO2 catalyst exhibits high reactivity. The FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and melting point methods were used to identify all of the products. Moreover, FT‐IR, XRD, FE‐SEM, EDS, Mapping, and HR‐TEM techniques are used to characterize the prepared catalysts. Also, in vitro antibacterial activity of some synthetic compounds was evaluated.
High‐efficiency self‐repairing polyurethane based on synergy of disulfide bonds and graded hydrogen bonds
Authors: Song Yinghu , Song Guojun , Li Jialiang , Tang Xiangsi , Yin Shuang , Mai Jiayan , Li Xiaoru
Published: November 2023

Designing an elastomer that possesses both mechanical strength and self‐healing properties is a challenging. In this study, a polyurethane elastomer (PUSTP) was successfully synthesized, featuring disulfide bonds along the main chain and graded intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The results demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the polyurethane elastomer improved with an increase in the number of disulfide bonds increased. Specifically, when the molar ratio of disulfide bonds to IPDA was 5:5, the tensile strength of the composite elastomeric film was 5.22 MPa, with an elongation of 1820.26%. Furthermore, the material exhibited robust thermal stability after undergoing repair at 70°C for 12 h, the mechanical strength of the polyurethane membrane remained unchanged, showing outstanding self‐healing capabilities. Additionally, the polyurethane film served as the substrate material for crafting self‐healing conductive devices, which maintained excellent electrical conductivity even after damage repair. This flexible material, combining impressive mechanical recovery capabilities with electrical performance, holds significant promise for a wide array of applications.
Dietary cholesterol and aggression in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: ZeinEddine Razan , Tabbara Magida , Saoud Imad Patrick
Published: November 2023

Tilapia farmers would benefit tremendously if they could decrease aggression among fish. Conspecific aggression affects the growth, feed conversion, and general well‐being of fish. Previous studies established an inverse relationship between blood cholesterol levels and aggression in fish, whereby a decrease in cholesterol led to an increase in aggression. The present study assessed the effect of an increase in dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol and a possible decrease in the aggression of Nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus. Nile tilapia were stocked in an outdoor recirculation system and then offered one of five diets: 0% cholesterol, 0.5% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol, 1.5% cholesterol, and 2% cholesterol. Five fish of each treatment were moved to a glass tank and monitored for signs of aggression for 10 min, twice a day. This experimental procedure was repeated five times using a new set of fish every time. Results show an increase in cholesterol levels in the blood but that there are no significant differences in aggression among treatments. Accordingly, the present study suggests that an increase in dietary cholesterol increases blood cholesterol in fish but does not have a significant effect on antagonistic patterns in Nile tilapia.
Towards the Lowest Efficacious Dose: Results From a Multicenter Noninferiority Randomized Open‐Label Controlled Trial Assessing Tocilizumab or Abatacept Injection Spacing in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Remission
Authors: Kedra Joanna , Dieudé Philippe , Giboin Caroline , Marotte Hubert , Salliot Carine , Schaeverbeke Thierry , Perdriger Aleth , Soubrier Martin , Morel Jacques , Constantin Arnaud , Dernis Emmanuelle , Royant Valérie , Salmon Jean‐Hugues , Pham Thao , Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric , Pertuiset Edouard , Dougados Maxime , Devauchelle‐Pensec Valérie , Gaudin Philippe , Cormier Grégoire , Goupille Philippe , Mariette Xavier , Berenbaum Francis , Alcaix Didier , Rouidi Sid‐Ahmed , Berthelot Jean‐Marie , Monnier Agnès , Piroth Christine , Lioté Frédéric , Goëb Vincent , Gaujoux‐Viala Cécile , Chary‐Valckenaere Isabelle , Hajage David , Tubach Florence , Fautrel Bruno ,   for the CRI‐IMIDIATE clinical research network
Published: November 2023

Objective

We assess the clinical and structural impact at two years of progressively spacing tocilizumab (TCZ) or abatacept (ABA) injections versus maintenance at full dose in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in sustained remission.

Methods

This multicenter open‐label noninferiority (NI) randomized clinical trial included patients with established rheumatoid arthritis in sustained remission receiving ABA or TCZ at a stable dose. Patients were randomized to treatment maintenance (M) at full dose (M‐arm) or progressive injection spacing (S) driven by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints every 3 months up to biologics discontinuation (S‐arm). The primary end point was the evolution of disease activity according to the Disease Activity Score in 44 joints during the 2‐year follow‐up analyzed per protocol with a linear mixed‐effects model, evaluated by an NI test based on the one‐sided 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the slope difference (NI margin 0.25). Other end points were flare incidence and structural damage progression.

Results

Overall, 202 of the 233 patients included were considered for per protocol analysis (90 in S‐arm and 112 in M‐arm). At the end of follow‐up, 16.2% of the patients in the S‐arm could discontinue their biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug, 46.9% tapered the dose and 36.9% returned to a full dose. NI was not demonstrated for the primary outcome, with a slope difference of 0.10 (95% CI 0.10–0.31) between the two arms. NI was not demonstrated for flare incidence (difference 42.6%, 95% CI 30.0–55.1) or rate of structural damage progression at two years (difference 13.9%, 95% CI −6.7 to 34.4).

Conclusion

The Towards the Lowest Efficacious Dose trial failed to demonstrate NI for the proposed ABA or TCZ tapering strategy.
Validation of a robust and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of VK‐2019, a selective EBNA1 inhibitor
Authors: Davis Michael T. , Anders Nicole M. , Colevas A. Dimitrios , Messick Troy E. , Rudek Michelle A.
Published: November 2023

EBNA1 is an Epstein Barr virus (EBV) protein expressed in all EBV‐associated cancers. EBNA1 plays a critical role in the replication and maintenance of EBV episomes in latently infected cells. VK‐2019 was developed as a highly specific inhibitor of EBNA1 DNA binding activity and is currently in phase 1 development as a treatment for EBV‐associated carcinomas. A sensitive and reliable method was developed to quantify VK‐2019 in human plasma using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. VK‐2019 was extracted from plasma using protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Separation of VK‐2019, two purported metabolites, and the internal standard, VK‐2019–d6, was achieved with a Zorbax XDB C18 column using a gradient flow over 6 min. VK‐2019 was detected using a SCIEX 4500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in positive electrospray ionization mode. The assay range was 0.5–500 ng/mL and proved to be accurate and precise. Dilutions of 1:10 were accurately quantified. VK‐2019 was stable in plasma at −70°C for approximately 18 months. The method was applied to assess the total plasma concentrations of VK‐2019 in a patient who received a single and multiple oral daily doses of 120 mg.
Improved efficiency of daratumumab treatment of multiple myeloma adopting the subcutaneous route: A micro‐costing analysis in three Italian hematology centers
Authors: Pradelli Lorenzo , Massaia Massimo , Todisco Elisabetta , Gherlinzoni Filippo , Furlan Anna , La Targia Maria , Grande Elisabetta , Tripoli Ignazio Ezio , Occhipinti Francesca , Comello Francesco , Iannello Fabrizio , Bellucci Stefania
Published: November 2023

Background

Daratumumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Subcutaneous (SC) formulation proved to be non‐inferior in comparison with intravenous (IV) administration route. This study aimed at assessing the economic and time impact associated with the use of SC versus IV daratumumab in patients with RRMM from the perspective of the hematology center.

Methods

This was a 5‐month multicenter time‐and‐motion cross‐sectional micro‐costing study conducted in three Italian hematology centers among adult patients diagnosed with RRMM with ongoing treatment with IV or SC daratumumab. Measurements were performed by an ad hoc App.

Results

Nineteen (20%) IV and 76 (80%) SC administration procedures were measured. Patients spent a mean of 4.85 ± 0.91 or 1.08 ± 0.56 h in the hematology center to receive IV or SC daratumumab, respectively. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) spent a mean of 49.38 ± 16.13 and 20.37 ± 7.88 min of active working time to manage IV and SC administrations, respectively. The infusion chair was occupied for a mean of 4.85 ± 0.91 and 0.99 ± 0.55 h during IV or SC administration, respectively. On average, considering the costs due to HCP and chair time, materials, and overhead costs, every IV and SC administration costed €80.33 and 34.90, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, as compared with IV administration, SC daratumumab was associated with 78%, 59%, 80% savings in terms of patient time, HCP active working time, and infusion chair, respectively, and 56.6% budget savings.
TI17, a novel compound, exerts anti‐MM activity by impairing Trip13 function of DSBs repair and enhancing DNA damage
Authors: Chang Shuaikang , Xiao Wenqin , Xie Yongsheng , Xu Zhijian , Li Bo , Wang Guanli , Hu Ke , Zhang Yong , Zhou Jinfeng , Song Dongliang , Zhu Huabin , Wu Xiaosong , Lu Yumeng , Shi Jumei , Zhu Weiliang
Published: November 2023

Background

Thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 13 (Trip13) is an AAA‐ATPase that regulates the assembly or disassembly protein complexes and mediates Double‐strand breaks (DSBs) repair. Overexpression of Trip13 has been detected in many cancers and is associated with myeloma progression, disease relapse and poor prognosis inmultiple myeloma (MM).

Methods

We have identified a small molecular, TI17, through a parallel compound‐centric approach, which specifically targets Trip13. To identify whether TI17 targeted Trip13, pull‐down and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) assays were performed. Cell counting kit‐8, clone formation, apoptosis and cell cycle assays were applied to investigate the effects of TI17. We also utilized a mouse model to investigate the effects of TI17 in vivo.

Results

TI17 effectively inhibited the proliferation of MM cells, and induced the cycle arrest and apoptosis of MM cells. Furthermore, treatment with TI17 abrogates tumor growth and has no apparent side effects in mouse xenograft models. TI17 specifically impaired Trip13 function of DSBs repair and enhanced DNA damage responses in MM. Combining with melphalan or HDAC inhibitor panobinostat triggers synergistic anti‐MM effect.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that TI17 could be acted as a specific inhibitor of Trip13 and supports a preclinical proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of Trip13 in MM.
Spectroscopy‐based prediction of 73 wheat quality parameters and insights for practical applications
Authors: Nagel‐Held Johannes , El Hassouni Khaoula , Longin Friedrich , Hitzmann Bernd
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives

Quality assessment of bread wheat is time‐consuming and requires the determination of many complex characteristics. Because of its simplicity, protein content prediction using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) serves as the primary quality attribute in wheat trade. To enable the prediction of more complex traits, information from Raman and fluorescence spectra is added to the NIR spectra of whole grain and extracted flour. Model robustness is assessed by predictions across cultivars, locations, and years. The prediction error is corrected for the measurement error of the reference methods.

Findings

Successful prediction, robustness testing, and measurement error correction were achieved for several parameters. Predicting loaf volume yielded a corrected prediction error RMSECV of 27.5 mL/100 g flour and an R² of 0.86. However, model robustness was limited due to data distribution, environmental factors, and temporal influences.

Conclusions

The proposed method was proven to be suitable for applications in the wheat value chain. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights for practical implementations.

Significance and Novelty

With up to 1200 wheat samples, this is the largest study on predicting complex characteristics comprising agronomic traits; dough rheological parameters measured by Extensograph, micro‐doughLAB, and GlutoPeak; baking trial parameters like loaf volume; and specific ingredients, such as grain protein content, sugars, and minerals.
A case of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnostic challenges and clinical implications
Authors: Bhandari Samikchhya Keshary , Gautam Naveen , Pandeya Anupama , Jha Saket
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Skin involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is common. Bullous lesions in SLE patients are usually due to other autoimmune conditions or rarely, due to lupus itself. Bullous SLE is rare blistering disorder characterized by subepidermal blisters. We, hereby, present a case of bullous SLE in a 24‐year‐old female who responded well to systemic glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil, and dapsone.
Setting behavior and mechanical properties of geopolymers from fly ash and real construction waste
Authors: Kugler Felix , Krcmar Wolfgang , Teipel Ulrich
Published: November 2023

Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important factor in the development of new building materials. In terms of the sustainability of concrete components, the biggest challenge is the high energy consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions in the production of Portland cement. A common strategy used by the construction industry to improve sustainability is to use residuals to develop lower‐emission geopolymer concretes that eliminate high‐emission cement‐based concretes. Because construction and demolition waste, at 3 trillion tons per year worldwide, also represents an environmental risk, this work will investigate the suitability of geopolymers based on real construction waste. In the course of the investigations, the manufactured geopolymer samples are examined for the material parameters relevant to building materials, namely compressive strength, flexural strength, raw density, total porosity, and thermal conductivity. The setting behavior and the forming structures are investigated by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The present study is intended to contribute to the development of a suitable recycling strategy for the material recycling of construction waste in novel geopolymer material.
Access to NHC–Boryl Mono‐ and Bis‐Selenide and Utility as Mild Selenium Transfer Reagent Including to the C−F Bond
Authors: Kundu Gargi , Amrutha P. R. , Tothadi Srinu , Sen Sakya S.
Published: November 2023

Reactions of 5‐SIDipp ⋅ BH3 (5‐SIDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) (1) with diphenyldiselenide provide access to 5‐SIDipp–boryl mono‐ (5‐SIDipp ⋅ BH2SePh) (2) and bis‐selenide (5‐SIDipp ⋅ BH(SePh)2) (3). The facile cleavage of the B−Se bond makes 2 a neutral source of selenium nucleophiles in substitutions reactions with benzyl bromides, and provide access to the corresponding selenoethers. The direct transformations of one of the C(sp2)−F bonds of C5F5N and C6F5CF3 to C−Se bonds have also been achieved by the use of 2 without employing transition‐metal catalysts. While it was previously established that C6F6 could undergo complete defluoroselenation under harsh conditions, we successfully achieved partial defluorination of C6F6 by employing 2 as a mild selenide transfer reagent. During the formation of C−Se bonds through the cleavage of C−F bonds, the potential by‐product NHC ⋅ BH2F undergoes ring expansion of the NHC, leading to the formation of the six‐membered diaazafluoroborinane (7).
Supramolecular Organic Ferroelectric Materials from Donor–Acceptor Systems
Authors: Barman Shubhankar , Pal Aritri , Mukherjee Anurag , Paul Swadesh , Datta Anuja , Ghosh Suhrit
Published: November 2023

Organic ferroelectric (FE) materials, though known for more than a century, are yet to reach close to the benchmark of inorganic or hybrid materials in terms of the magnitude of polarization. Amongst the different classes of organic systems, donor (D)–acceptor (A) charge‐transfer (CT) complexes are recognized as promising for ferroelectricity owing to their neutral‐to‐ionic phase transition at low temperature. This review presents an overview of different supramolecular D‐A systems that have been explored for FE phase transitions. The discussion begins with a general introduction of ferroelectricity and its different associated parameters. Then it moves on to show early examples of CT cocrystals that have shown FE properties at sub‐ambient temperature. Subsequently, recent developments in the field of room temperature (RT) ferroelectricity, exhibited by H‐bond‐stabilized lock‐arm supramolecular‐ordering (LASO) in D‐A co‐crystals or other FE CT‐crystals devoid of neutral‐ionic phase transition are discussed. Then the discussion moves on to emerging reports on other D‐A soft materials such as gel and foldable polymers; finally it shows very recent developments in ferroelectricity in supramolecular assemblies of single‐component dipolar or ambipolar π‐systems, exhibiting intra‐molecular charge transfer. The effects of structural nuances such as H‐bonding, balanced charge transfer and chirality on the observed ferroelectricity is described with the available examples. Finally, piezoelectricity in recently reported ambipolar ADA‐type systems are discussed to highlight the future potential of these soft materials in micropower energy harvesting.
Exploring the Mechanism, Advancements, and Application of Thermogalvanic Effect in Hydrogels
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Wang Peng , Wu Xiaolong , Liao Yongli , Liu Senyun , Duan Wei , Yue Ying
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The issue of energy consumption has garnered significant interest due to its excessive usage. Recently, thermoelectric devices have been getting increased attention, as they can harness waste heat from various sources, such as solar radiation, human body, and industrial processes. Traditionally, the recovery of low‐grade heat has been a challenge, resulting in unsustainable energy use and significant losses. While considerable advances have been made in thermoelectric materials in recent decades, the majority of these devices still primarily employ semiconductors. Nevertheless, the emergence of quasi‐solid‐state thermoelectric materials represents a novel development with profound promise for the environment and society. These materials offer several advantages, such as improved energy conversion capacities, cost‐effectiveness, versatility, and scalability, to support increased usage. Additionally, this review explores the application of thermoelectric materials in self‐powered sensors, integrated modules, and heat harvesting management. Lastly, the potential of high‐performance thermocouples based on thermogalvanic effects is assessed, along with the challenges that must be overcome to realize this goal.
A dynamical approach to the study of instability near Couette flow
Authors: Li Hui , Masmoudi Nader , Zhao Weiren
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we obtain the optimal instability threshold of the Couette flow for Navier–Stokes equations with small viscosity , when the perturbations are in the critical spaces . More precisely, we introduce a new dynamical approach to prove the instability for some perturbation of size with any small , which implies that is the sharp stability threshold. In our method, we prove a transient exponential growth without referring to eigenvalue or pseudo‐spectrum. As an application, for the linearized Euler equations around shear flows that are near the Couette flow, we provide a new tool to prove the existence of growing modes for the corresponding Rayleigh operator and give a precise location of the eigenvalues.
Towards Biomimetic Recognition of Glycans by Synthetic Receptors
Authors: Milanesi Francesco , Roelens Stefano , Francesconi Oscar
Published: November 2023

Carbohydrates are abundant in Nature, where they are mostly assembled within glycans as free polysaccharides or conjugated to a variety of biological molecules such as proteins and lipids. Glycans exert several functions, including protein folding, stability, solubility, resistance to proteolysis, intracellular traffic, antigenicity, and recognition by carbohydrate‐binding proteins. Interestingly, misregulation of their biosynthesis that leads to changes in glycan structures is frequently recognized as a mark of a disease state. Because of glycan ubiquity, carbohydrate binding agents (CBAs) targeting glycans can lead to a deeper understanding of their function and to the development of new diagnostic and prognostic strategies. Synthetic receptors selectively recognizing specific carbohydrates of biological interest have been developed over the past three decades. In addition to the success obtained in the effective recognition of monosaccharides, synthetic receptors recognizing more complex guests have also been developed, including di‐ and oligosaccharide fragments of glycans, shedding light on the structural and functional requirements necessary for an effective receptor. In this review, the most relevant achievements in molecular recognition of glycans and their fragments will be summarized, highlighting potentials and future perspectives of glycan‐targeting synthetic receptors.