bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the activity of various platelet antiplatelet agents when exposed to a high-intensity pulsed magnetic field
Authors:   Samara National Research University Named after Academician  S.P. Korolev, Belyaeva Irina A. , Glushchenkov Vladimir A. ,   Samara National Research University Named after Academician  S.P. Korolev, Rodenko Natalia A. ,   Samara National Research University Named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Vasilyeva Tatiana I. ,   Samara National Research University Named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Samorodov Alexander V. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Purygin Peter P. ,   Samara National Research University Named after Academician S.P. Korolev, Kaganov Oleg I. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: March 2021

Pulse magnetic fields are widely used in modern technology. We studied the antiaggregation properties of pentoxifylline and aspirin irradiated by a pulsed magnetic field at certain parameters: intensity H, frequency f, number of pulses n. The impact of a pulsed magnetic field was carried out both on powdered and dissolved drugs in solution. The aim of the study is to study the effect of high-intensity PMF on the antiplatelet activity of pentoxifylline and aspirin Evaluation of the anti-aggregation effect was carried out using the method of thromboelastography. on a TEG 5000 apparatus. In the analysis of thromboelastograms, the general coagulation tendency was, the functional activity of platelets and fibrinogen, the activity of fibrinolysis, and the physicomechanical properties of the formed clots were determined. Since thrombosis poses a threat to human health, today the use of antiplatelet agents for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is beyond doubt. It was found that exposure to a pulsed magnetic field causes significant changes in the antiplatelet activity of only the pentoxifylline molecule. The effect of PMF on the aspirin molecule has not been identified. This is due, in one hand, to a significant difference in the structure of molecules, as well as to the reaction mechanism in which the studied antiplatelet agents are involved. It can be predicted that the effect of pulsed fields on drugs, which are heterocyclic compounds, antimetabolites, and competitive enzyme inhibitors, can enhance the biological effect of these drugs. A hypothesis was put forward to increase the antiplatelet activity of pentoxifylline by exposure to PMF associated with a change in the conformation of the molecule and an increase in affinity for the active site of cAMP-phosphodiesterase.
Obtaining molybdenyl glycolate using ethanol as a salting out solvent
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Klienkov Alexey V. , Petukhov Alexander A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: March 2021

The global production of propylene oxide is more than 8 million tons/year and is increasing by more than 5% annually. Almost all domestic propylene oxide (72 thousand tons/year) is produced at PJSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim (Russia) according to one of the variants of the Halcon process – epoxidation of propylene with ethylbenzene hydroperoxide (HPEB) in the presence of a molybdenum catalyst. One of the most important tasks arising in improving the process for the joint production of styrene and propylene oxide at PJSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim (Russia) is the search and development of new catalysts and catalytic systems, one of the stages of this process – the epoxidation of propylene with HPEB. The complex molybdenum catalyst used in the production of propylene oxide, having high activity and selectivity, has several disadvantages, namely: low dissolved molybdenum content, high consumption of ethylbenzene hydroperoxide for its production, and instability during storage. Thus, the problem of obtaining a catalyst with a higher content of dissolved molybdenum and increasing the stability of the catalytic complex, i.e. development of new catalytic systems with the best technological and technical and economic indicators. An analysis of the scientific and technical literature and patent publications showed that in the synthesis of a complex molybdenum catalyst, various molybdenum compounds of both organic and inorganic nature can be used. During the study, molybdenum-containing solutions based on ammonium paramolybdate and monoethylene glycol were tested, distillation distillation products prepared by distilling off excess monoethylene glycol by strengthening under vacuum. Molybdenyl glycolate was isolated by salting out with ethanol from a distillation bottoms product.
Antifungal and growth-promoting activity of the main waste of the lignocellulosic hydrolysates biodetoxification
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Morozova Tatiana S. , Kuznecova Elizaveta V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Semyonov Sergey Yu. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: March 2021

The antifungal and growth-stimulating activity of biological detoxification waste products of hydrolysates of lignocellulosic raw materials in vitro and in vivo was evaluated in comparison with reference preparations (Alirin-B, Fitosporin-M) and control (sterile tap water). These wastes are specially adapted microbocenoses of activated sludge, worked out in the process of purification of hydrolyzates of lignocellulosic raw materials from inhibitors of acetone butyl fermentation. The agronomic value of biodetoxification waste was studied in three prototypes of different nature, using Iren spring wheat as an example. The results showed that detoxification bioagents, regardless of origin, showed fungistatic activity at the in vitro and in vivo study stages (biotest). In an in vitro experiment, all test samples showed significant antifungal activity against the fungus F. oxysporum. The most effective was the biodetoxification waste obtained on the basis of microbocenosis of activated sludge grown on a nutrient medium containing phenol, formic and acetic acid. As a result of exposure to this bioagent at the end of the experiment, the average diameter of the colonies of the fungus F. oxysporum was approximately 34 times less than in the control version. The detoxification bioagent, obtained on the basis of a specially adapted microbocenosis of activated sludge grown on a nutrient medium simulating wastewater, reduced the diameter of phytopathogenic fungus colonies by an average of 16 times. Specially adapted activated sludge from the sewage treatment facilities of the wood processing enterprise, worked out during the detoxification of hydrolysates of lignocellulosic raw materials, was also able to effectively suppress fungus growth, the average diameter of which was 19 times less than the control. The biotest results also confirmed the fungistatic activity of the test samples. The effectiveness of reducing the total infection with seminal infections in different experimental variants ranged from 52 to 84%. The growth-promoting ability of biodetoxification waste was weak.
Hydrothermal redox synthesis of cobalt and manganese spinels using metal nitrates
Authors:   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.F. Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Mammadova Aygul A. , Osmanova Sevinj N. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.F. Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Agayeva Sabira A. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.F. Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Mejidov Aydar A. ,   Institute of Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Named after Acad. M.F. Naghiyev of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Amiraslanov Imamaddin R. ,   Institute of Physics of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The hydrothermal reduction of cobalt, manganese and lithium nitrates with ethylene glycol was studied in the temperature range 100-270 оС in order to obtain nanostructured spinels. The phase composition, particle sizes of the reaction products, and their morphology studied by using IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy. We found that the nature of the reaction product of manganese and cobalt nitrates with ethylene glycol (EG) depends on the reaction temperature, the ratio of metal nitrate: ethylene glycol and reaction time. In excess of the reducing agent at temperatures up to 140 оС, observed the formation of metal oxalates. The main product of hydrothermal reduction of manganese nitrate with ethylene glycol at temperatures of 150 оC and 180 оC is manganese oxide Mn3O4 (Hausmanite). At 200 оС obtained the mixture of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) and carbonate (MnCO3). In accordance with the data of X-ray phase analysis at 220 оС and 240 оС, the only reaction product in both cases is manganese carbonate. It was obtained two types of structures on electron-microscopic images of the non-calcined sample at 200 оC: needle-shaped and spherical clusters. It can be assumed that these structures belong to the phases Mn3O4 (Hausmanite) and manganese carbonate MnCO3, respectively. When reduced cobalt nitrate with ethylene glycol in the temperature range 120-220 оC, gives a main amorphous phase, and on X-ray diffraction patterns are observed weak reflections corresponding to cobalt oxide Co3O4. It was shown that upon calcination (at 750 оС) of the samples during the reduction of the mixture of cobalt and manganese nitrates, was obtained the spinel phase of the composition (Co,Mn)(Co,Mn)2O4. In a similar way were obtained Li2CoMn3O8 and LiCoO2 phases (with average particle sizes of 42 nm and 30 nm), which can be used as cathodes in lithium batteries.
Para-(aza,thio)xanthenylated anilines in the pereaminination reaction
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov», Gorokhov Valery Yu. , Makhova Tatiana V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D.N. Pryanishnikov»
Published: March 2021

It is known that the biochemical enzymatic reaction of the reversible transfer of an amino group from an amino-acid to a keto-acid is called a transamination reaction. However, the transamination reaction is applicable not only for biochemical enzymatic reactions, but is also often used in organic synthesis to produce aromatic azomethines. As objects of study in the transamination reaction, we selected substituted N-benzylidenanilines (imines, Schiff bases) and anilines, containing a biologically active heterocyclic fragment in the para-position of the aniline ring. We have shown the feasibility of transamination of substituted N-benzylidenanilines (N-benzylidenaniline, N-benzyliden-4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline, N-benzyliden-4-methoxyaniline), heterocyclic anilines (4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)aniline or 4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline). It was found that the interaction of 4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)aniline or 4- (5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline with N-benzylidenanilines, the imine aniline cycle is replaced by the corresponding fragment of heterylated aniline, with the formation of new N-benzylidenanilines, the structure of which is proved by a breakdown of mixed melting and H1 NMR spectroscopy. However, the transamination reaction does not proceed with the use of N-benzyliden-4-methoxyaniline. This, apparently, is associated with the presence of an electron-donating substituent at the para-position of the aniline imines fragment. Thus, a series of activity of the studied compounds in the transamination reaction of substituted anilines was experimentally established. The most active of these is 4-methoxyaniline, followed by 4-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)aniline, 4-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl) aniline, 4-(5H-benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)aniline, and closes the series of the least active, unsubstituted aniline. The synthesis method proposed in this work allows one to obtain new substituted N-benzylidenanilines, and the studied series of activity allows one to predict the behavior of anilines containing various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents in the transamination reaction with N-benzylidenanilines.
Plasticized films based on chitosan succinyl
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Bazunova Marina V. , Lazdin Roman Yu. ,   Bashkir State University, Elinson Маria А. ,   Bashkir State University, Sharafutdinova Lucia A. ,   Bashkir State University, Kulish Elena I. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the development of new approaches to the creation of modern wound healing highly elastic films with good hemocompatibility based on a water-soluble chitosan derivative – the succinyl of chitosan. These trips are based on the use of plasticizers. It was established that chitosan succinyl, in contrast to chitosan, is capable of exhibiting insignificant forced-elastic deformation, but still not sufficient to use unmodified films based on it as wound healing coatings. The deformation-strength properties of the films were studied on a universal tensile testing machine. The tensile stress (σ) was determined taking into account the cross-sectional area of the sample taken for testing, and expressed in MPa. The elongation at break (ε) was calculated taking into account the initial length of the film sample taken for testing, and expressed as a percentage. The values of elongation at break and tensile stress were calculated as the arithmetic average of five parallel measurements. The hemocompatibility of chitosan-glycerol succinyl systems was evaluated by determining the osmotic resistance of healthy human erythrocytes using a unified method in the modification of L.I. Idelson. It is shown that the introduction of glycerol as a plasticizer in the process of film formation leads to a significant improvement in their physical and mechanical characteristics. An increase in the glycerol content in the film up to 50 wt% is accompanied by a significant increase in tensile elongation. The value of the breaking stress in this case, naturally decreases. But, since the value of the breaking stress in any case remains at the level of the necessary values, the observed drop in strength indicators is not fundamental. The stabilizing effect of the succinyl of chitosan-glycerin systems on cell membranes under physiological conditions is proved, which suggests their high hemocompatibility.
Biological activity of colloidal solutions of silver, obtained by means of sálix cáprea extract
Authors:   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Nikishina Maria B. , Ivanova Evgenia V. ,   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Atroschenko Yury M. ,   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Shahkeldyan Irina V. ,   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Blohin Igor V. ,   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Mukhtorov Loik G. ,   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Kobrakov Konstantin I. ,   Moscow State University of Design and Technology, Pestsov Georgy V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology
Published: March 2021

The presented publication is devoted to the study of the biological activity of silver colloids synthesized based on extracts obtained from various parts of the goat willow plant (Sálix cáprea). The ability of colloidal silver solutions of various concentrations to stimulate growth processes in wheat seeds at the germination stage is analyzed. The effect of colloidal solutions on the catalytic effect of amylase was studied. The fungicidal activity of synthesized silver particles was studied. For the study, colloidal silver particles were obtained by the "green synthesis" method. Extracts of goat willow bark, leaves and buds of varying degrees of dilution were used as a reducing agent. The analysis of sugar content and pH of solutions of plant extracts before and after colloid formation was carried out in order to establish the participation of sugars and acids in the process of silver recovery. The biological activity of colloids was analyzed on the seeds of winter wheat cultivar "Moskovskaya-39". The germination energy of wheat seeds was determined on the 3rd day after sowing by counting the germinated seeds. Amylase activity was measured in the roots and shoots of wheat plants by the amount of undecomposed starch by spectrophotometry. Fungicidal activity was studied with respect to fungi: F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, S. sclerotiorum, V. inaequalis, R. solani, B. sorokiniana, P. ostreatus. The data obtained show that the sugars that make up the initial extracts of various parts of goat willow are completely consumed in the process of silver recovery and the formation of colloidal particles. A change in the acid content at the stage of colloid formation does not allow us to draw an unambiguous conclusion about the mechanism of participation of these compounds in the process of colloid formation. A study of the biological activity of synthesized silver colloids showed their high ability to stimulate growth processes in wheat seeds. A study of enzymatic catalysis also shows, in general, the positive effect of silver colloids on amylase activity within 1 minute of the starch hydrolysis reaction. An analysis of the data obtained in the study of fungistaticity suggests that silver colloids obtained in extracts from leaves, bark and willow inflorescences exhibit high fungicidal activity against F. moniliforme, S. sclerotiorum, P. ostreatus and B. sorokiniana.
Cluster characteristics of waters in terms of their total antioxidant activity
Authors:   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Lapin Anatoly A. , Gordeeva Maria E. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kalaida Marina L. ,   Kazan State Power Engineering University
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a biochemical study of aqueous media in terms of antioxidant activity, which was studied by coulometric analysis using electrogenerated bromine, the samples were analyzed on the coulometer "Expert-006" (LLC "Econix-Expert", Russia) by a certified method. Modern ideas about the properties of water are based on its cluster structure, which is devoted to a significant number of theoretical and experimental works. They indicate that the structure of water is formed by clusters that are constructed from water molecules held by hydrogen bonds. The 9 clusters of water differing in a set of characteristics are allocated. It is shown that oligotrophic waters with low organic matter content and aligned and simplified community structure of aquatic organisms characterized by a complex cluster structure of water and the lowest values of antioxidant activity and water production characteristics differ by a stable, simplified cluster structure with high values of antioxidant activity of the water. Following the research it is revealed that, water has various cluster structure. The most complex in terms of cluster composition is spring water (5 clusters) and artesian water (4 clusters). The most simple composition was the water of the seas and fisheries ponds-1-2 clusters. It was discovered, that oligotrophic waters with low organic matter content and aligned or simplified community structure of aquatic organisms characterized by a complex cluster structure of water and the lowest values of antioxidant activity and water production characteristics differ by a stable, simplified cluster structure with high values of antioxidant activity of the water.
METABOLOMIC APPROACHES IN STUDYING OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Authors: Аbdullaev A. A. , Аbdullaeva G. J. , Usupova Kh. F.
Published: March 2021

Modern scientific approaches give clinicians an advantage in using additional tools and methods for assisting in clinical assessment and expanding their capabilities for classifying patients according to risk factors for cardiovascular complications. Biomarkers are a simple tool that allows to identify and classify people with different risk degree, quickly and accurately diagnose the condition of the disease, effectively predict and control treatment. Therefore, the identification and study of biomarkers is a serious and promising approach to understanding and treating cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Among a wide range of biomarkers, the genetic and metabolic markers is of high importance. Cardio-metabolomics is a new direction in cardiovascular science that allows researchers to study changes in metabolome and metabolic networks in diseases of the cardiovascular system in order to better understand their pathophysiological mechanism. Thus, the study of metabolome can provide important information about the pathogenesis of CVDs, as well as offer the possibility of identifying new CVD biomarkers.
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM EURASIAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOLOGY (EAC) CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES (2021)
Authors: Panchenko E. P. , Balahonova T. V. , Danilov N. M. , Komarov A. L. , Kropachyova E. S. , Saidova M. A. , Shahmatova O. O. , Yavelov I. S.
Published: March 2021

Disclaimer.The EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.
EURASIAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOLOGY (EAC) GUIDELINES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION (2020)
Authors: Chazova I. E. , Martynyuk T. V. , Valieva Z. S. , Azizov V. A. , Akchurin R. S. , Ansheles A. A. , Vasiltseva O. Ya. , Veselova T. N. , Galyavich A. S. , Gorbachevsky S. V. , Danilov N. M. , Edemskiy A. G. , Zelveyan P. A. , Lazareva I. V. , Matchin Yu. G. , Mershin K. V. , Mukarov M. A. , Nakonechnikov S. N. , Saidova M. A. , Sarybaev A. Sh. , Sergienko V. B. , Stukalova O. V. , Filippov E. V. , Chernyavsky A. M. , Chernyavsky M. A. , Shalaev S. V. , Shmalts A. A.
Published: March 2021

DisclaimerThe EAC Guidelines represent the views of the EAC, and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge, and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The EAC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy, and/or ambiguity between the EAC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the EAC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the EAC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the EAC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription.
Deadly Biocultures: The Ethics of Life-Making.
Authors: Lemm Vanessa
Published: March 2021

Reseña de Vanessa Lemm de Deadly Biocultures: The Ethics of Life-Making. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press, 2019.
Two new species of Paraphytis (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) from Southwest China
Authors: Chen Ye , Chen Hai-feng , Li Cheng-de
Published: March 2021

Two new species of Paraphytis Compere, P. bannaensissp. nov. and P. pseudovittatussp. nov., are described from the Xishuangbanna Rainforest (Southwest China). A key to species from China based on females is provided.
GRAPPA Patient Research Partner Network: Update to the GRAPPA 2020 Annual Meeting
Authors: O’Sullivan Denis P. , Steinkoenig Ingrid
Published: March 2021

Eleven Patient Research Partners (PRPs) attended the virtual Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) 2020 Annual Meeting. PRPs fully participated in the panel discussion at the 2020 GRAPPA Annual Meeting on the topic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; caused by SARS-CoV-2). The members of the PRP group have been involved in many GRAPPA projects over the last year, including work on the GRAPPA–Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Core Set, GRAPPA’s 2020 Treatment Guidelines update project, and GRAPPA’s Collaborative Research Network project.
Raznolikost opredeljevanja in preučevanja socialnega kapitala v geografiji in sorodnih znanstvenih vedah // The diversity of definitions and research approaches in the concept of social capital in geography and related scientific disciplines
Authors: Logar Erik
Published: March 2021

Opredelitve in pristopi k preučevanju socialnega kapitala so v znanstvenih vedah (na primer geografiji, sociologiji, zgodovini, politologiji, antropologiji) raznoliki in celo protislovni, koncept socialnega kapitala pa je zato kritiziran zaradi teoretske nekonsistentnosti. Koncept socialnega kapitala se kot predmet preučevanja različnih znanstvenih ved nekritično in brez utemeljitev označuje kot »interdisciplinarni«. Prispevek z namenom osvetlitve interdisciplinarnosti koncepta, vsebinsko analizira 17 opredelitev socialnega kapitala. Z vsebinsko analizo je prepoznanih šest gradnikov socialnega kapitala, ki so med seboj tesno prepleteni in ne omogočajo enoznačne določitve pomenskega jedra. Opisani so raziskovalni pristopi iz geografije in sorodnih ved, ki so zasnovani na teh opredelitvah. Pristopi odsevajo, da se socialni kapital krovno uporablja kot hevristični model za teoretsko, metodološko in epistemološko sicer zelo raznolike raziskave. Raziskav, ki bi bile zasnovane primerjalno, primanjkuje, prezrto pa je tudi preučevanje na lokalni ravni. Koncept socialnega kapitala je razširjen v številnih znanstvenih vedah, vendar pa so raziskave z interdisciplinarno zasnovo dokaj maloštevilne. //
 
The definitions and research approaches of the social capital are diverse and even contradictory in the scientific disciplines (i.e. geography, sociology, history, political sciences, anthropology). The concept of social capital as a research object of various scientific disciplines is often criticized due to its theoretical inconsistency and labelled as an interdisciplinary approach uncritically and without any references in the scientific literature. Paper aims to enlighten interdisciplinarity of concept through 17 definitions of social capital, which are assembled through literature review. The content analysis points out six building blocks of social capital, which are tightly connected; there is no simple identification of the semantic core of definitions. The research approaches in geography and related disciplines, which are conceptualized based on those definitions, are also described. The research approaches reflect a diversity, as social capital is used as a heuristic model for theoretical, methodological and epistemological diverse researches. Through the literature review, lack of comparative researches on a local level is identified. The concept of social capital is extended in many disciplines, but there are only a few interdisciplinary conceptualized researches.
Moderating Role of Organizational Levels in the Autonomy, Feedback, Role Stressors, and Job Satisfaction Model
Authors: Traymbak Shruti , Verma Priti
Published: March 2021

The present study determines the moderating role of organizational levels in autonomy, feedback, role stressors (role conflict and role ambiguity), and job satisfaction among Indian software employees because very few Indian researchers explore this aspect. This study also determines the impact of autonomy, feedback, and the role of stressors on job satisfaction among low and middle levels of software employees. Multi-group moderation analysis found that high autonomy is experienced by low-level software employees, and high feedback is experienced by high-level software employees. In case of role stressors, role conflict was experienced more by middle level as compared to low-level, and role ambiguity was significantly more experienced by low-level as compared to middle-level software employees. Chi-square difference test found invariant moderation effects of organizational levels in autonomy, feedback, role conflict, role ambiguity, and job satisfaction model.
Aggregating Multidimensional Criteria in Audit Decision Making
Authors: Goman Maksim , Koch Stefan
Published: March 2021

Measuring total performance of prospective alternatives in decision making (DM) needs aggregation of their noncomparable properties which often have different scales of measure. In order to address this, scale transformations and normalization are applied, but problems of validation of such additive models and interpretation of the physical sense of the result arise. In this paper, a multiplicative performance aggregation of properties' values is suggested for DM. Application of the approach enables consistent and unambiguous ranking of the alternatives allowing values of all their properties of interest. A realistic example of DM related to audit activity planning is considered where several competing control areas should be selected into an audit plan. Beyond audit planning, the approach is generalizable to other DM problems in corporate management and governance where one needs to rank alternatives compared in multiple dimensions.
Predictive Validity of the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden Skin Risk Tools in Critical Care Patients: A Multisite Project
Authors: Delawder Jill M. , Leontie Samantha L. , Maduro Ralitsa S. , Morgan Merri K. , Zimbro Kathie S.
Published: March 2021

Background

Patients in intensive care units are 5 times more likely to have skin integrity issues develop than patients in other units. Identifying the most appropriate assessment tool may be critical to preventing pressure injuries in intensive care patients.

Objectives

To validate the Cubbin-Jackson skin risk assessment in the critical care setting and to compare the predictive accuracy of the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden scales for the same patients.

Methods

In 5 intensive care units, the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden assessments were completed by different clinicians within 61 minutes of each other for 4137 patients between October 2017 and March 2018. Bivariate correlations and the Fisher exact test were used to check for associations between the scores.

Results

The Cubbin-Jackson and Braden scores were significantly and positively correlated (r = 0.80, P < .001). Both tools were significant predictors of skin changes and identified as “at risk” 100% of the patients who had a change in skin integrity occur. The specificity was 18.4% for the Cubbin-Jackson scale and 27.9% for the Braden scale, and the area under the curve was 0.75 (P < .001) for the Cubbin-Jackson scale and 0.76 (P < .001) for the Braden scale. These findings show acceptable construct validity for both scales.

Conclusions

The predictive validities of the Cubbin-Jackson and Braden scales are similar, but both are sub-optimal because of poor specificity and positive predictive value. Change in practice may not be warranted, because there are no differences between the 2 scales of practical benefit to bedside nurses.
Evaluación de la fuente de incertidumbre en la curva de descarga de la microcuenca “Las Flores”, San Sebastián, Manabí, Ecuador.
Authors: Marcillo Barahona Denisse Alexandra , Vivas Alcívar Paul Adrián , Alarcón Loor José Ramón
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación mixta indagó y comparó mediante una evaluación, la incertidumbre asociada a la curva de descarga simulada en la microcuenca Las Flores, en San Sebastián, Manabí, Ecuador, con la finalidad de disminuir los diferentes aspectos de incertidumbre que estaban en cuestionamiento, debido a la falta de datos reales para generar una curva de descarga. Se recopilaron datos mediante 12 aforos realizados por dos métodos diferentes (correntómetro y volumétrico). Se generó la comprobación de la relación entre los datos simulados y datos obtenidos, a través del cálculo de la raíz del error cuadrático medio (RECM), ejecutado mediante los programas Microsoft Excel y Hec-Ras, usados también para verificar los resultados.
Incidence of Congenital Fetal Malformation Abnormalities in Tribhuban University, Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal: a Hospital Based Study
Authors: Bajracharya Sunita , Rajbhandari Deepak , Gurung Binaya , Rana Asma
Published: March 2021

Background : Birth defects are defined as abnormalities of structure or function, which are present at birth. Major birth defects are abnormalities that lead to developmental or physical disabilities or require medical or surgical treatment and they're the leading cause of death in the first year of life. The objective of this study is to find the incidence of congenital abnormalities in this institution.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in Institute of  Medicine, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Tribhuwan  University Teaching Hospital  from 14th April 2015 to 11th  Feb ,2016 . All the delivered babies in this hospital during the study period were included. All the birth cases of gross congenital fetal malformation were identified and carefully studied and were classified according to the International Classification of diseases (ICD-10).

Results: Total number of congenital fetal malformation abnormalities (CMF) delivered during this period was 94 (1.13%) in total 8300 birth /7868 live birth. CMF were categorized as, Musculoskeletal - 25.55%, CNS - 17.02%, Gastrointestinal -13.33%, Renal 14.25%, Cardiac -10.63%,  Respiratory -10.6%, craniofacial -  9.57%, Genitouriary - 8.51%,  and Miscellaneous - 9.57%.

Conclusion: Birth abnormalities incompatible to life needs to be timely diagnosed and terminated, whereas as those compatible to life should be given a chance to be born and cared thereafter. All the mothers who have, had previous malformed babies must undergo preconceptional counseling, before planning next pregnancy in order to avoid recurrent mishap.
Factors Related to Late Intrauterine Fetal Death in a Tertiary Referral Center: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Kuikel Sandip , Shrestha Prezma , Bajracharya Sunita , Poudel Sagar , Thapa Bijaya
Published: March 2021

Backgroun: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) is a contributor of perinatal outcome and is an important indicator of the quality of antenatal care. Despite efforts, risk factors cannot be identified in cases of intrauterine fetal deaths. This study aims to identify the maternal, fetal, placental and cord related factors related to it.

Methods: It is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted analyzing patients admitted with IUFDs after 28 weeks of pregnancy at Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital from April 2019 to March 2020.  It was conducted after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (IRC) of Institute of Medicine. Data were collected from review of charts of individual patients in MS Excel and was analyzed using SPSS.

Results: There were 5496 births and 46 intrauterine fetal deaths during the study period giving stillbirth rate of 8 per 1000 births. It was common in the age group of 26-30 years (34.8%), 62.2% were from inside Kathmandu valley,43.5% were just literate, 13% were illiterate, 84.8% were housewives, 56.5% were primigravida and 69.57% of the babies were preterm. Only four percent had previous history of intra uterine fetal deaths. Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy were found in 30.5% followed by heart disease in 10.9% of the mothers. There were no known co-morbidities in 26.1% of the patients. Out of total 46 cases, 62% were female. Two had Rh isoimmunization and four had congenital malformations. Placenta previa was seen in four percent and abruptio placenta in two percent. Twin pregnancy with diamniotic dichorionic placenta was present in four percent. Seventeen percent of the babies had cord around the neck and two percent had thrombosis of the umbilical cord.

Conclusion: Low level of maternal education and maternal comorbidities like hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy were found to be most common factors seen in cases of intrauterine fetal deaths.
The impact of ICTs on collaborative learning: A literature review
Authors: Hung Nguyen Tan
Published: March 2021

This study aims to expose prevailing trends of interactions among students in collaborative learning. In particular, social networking is seen as a way of establishing a modern educational reality that promotes more proactive and constructive learning practices. Emerging technology is now used mostly in the classroom without contributing to anticipated creative education developments. By studying how I.T. can fuel different forms of creativity and build profit, students can learn in-depth about expertise and skills. The issue is how interactive learning could be integrated so that soft abilities could be built.
Compatibility between Text Mining and Qualitative Research in the Perspectives of Grounded Theory, Content Analysis, and Reliability
Authors: Yu Chong , Jannasch-Pennell Angel , DiGangi Samuel
Published: March 2021

The objective of this article is to illustrate that text mining and qualitative research are epistemologically compatible. First, like many qualitative research approaches, such as grounded theory, text mining encourages open-mindedness and discourages preconceptions. Contrary to the popular belief that text mining is a linear and fully automated procedure, the text miner might add, delete, and revise the initial categories in an iterative fashion. Second, text mining is similar to content analysis, which also aims to extract common themes and threads by counting words. Although both of them utilize computer algorithms, text mining is characterized by its capability of processing natural languages. Last, the criteria of sound text mining adhere to those in qualitative research in terms of consistency and replicability.
Doctoral Students' Conceptions of Research
Authors: Pitcher Rod
Published: March 2021

In this paper I report a study of the conceptions of research held by a sample of doctoral students at an Australian research-intensive university. I take a unique approach by using metaphor analysis to study the students' conceptions. The students in this study were recruited for an on-line survey in which they answered questions relating to their conceptions of research. I arrived at four categories that I have labelled research is explorative, research is constructive, research is spatial, and research is organic.
The Sense and Sensibility of Qualitative Research
Authors: Smith Bernard
Published: March 2021

David Silverman's new edition of Qualitative Research addresses how to engage in qualitative research with increased sensibility. The book is divided into seven sections with 23 chapters written by premier researchers. The chapters are written for students rather than the writers' peers, and while every chapter makes extensive use of the authors' fieldwork and data, John Heritage's chapter on conversational analysis (CA) stands out because he demonstrates to the reader how he made sense of a recurring piece of talk he calls an "oh-prefaced response." The papers are clearly written with helpful summaries and suggested further readings and online resources. Less helpful are the questions posed at the end of each chapter.
A Definition of Gender Role Conflict among Black Professional Fathers
Authors: Robinson Ora
Published: March 2021

There is very little literature that depicts the parental role of Black professional fathers positively or that samples Black participants from the upper economic strata. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how Black professional fathers experience or perceive gender role conflict and identify clinical implications. Grounded in phenomenological methodology and gender role conflict theory, the framework is based on gender role devaluations, gender role restrictions, and gender role violations (O'Neil, Good, & Holmes, 1995). The emerging experiences found in this project were (a) a conflict between the Black and White races and (b) conflict with parental role expectations.
Exercising the Mind: A Review of Stretching Exercises for Qualitative Researchers
Authors: Chorba Kristen
Published: March 2021

In this third version of Stretching Exercises for Qualitative Researchers, Janesick (2011) continues to refine and expand upon ways in which qualitative researchers-both new to the field and experienced-can extend and hone a number of skills essential to being an effective researcher. This book will be helpful to those wishing to learn more about and practice the art of qualitative research. Janesick combines valuable information and practical exercises in this text, which will assist in the development of skills essential to qualitative research, including interviewing, observing, journaling, narrating, analyzing, interpreting, and collaborating. This new edition includes a discussion on using technology in qualitative research and interviewing, new exercises, and additional discussion on data analysis and interpretation.
From Tactics to Praxis: Learning Feminist Pedagogy through Methodology
Authors: Janik-Marusov Laura , Sardi Lauren , Giovanelli Dina , Offiaeli Rita , Shannon Deric
Published: March 2021

Through a self-reflexive and ongoing process, in this paper we chronicle how we as graduate students learned about feminist pedagogy through methodology. Primarily, we noted dilemmas in feminist methodology that became central dilemmas for us in our roles as feminist research guides within a combined graduate and undergraduate feminist methodologies course. As we became aware of these specific dilemmas, not only did we attempt to apply them to the research we were conducting for an institutional ethnographic research project on campus safety, but we also found them to be central pedagogical concerns in ways that were both unique and similar to each individual graduate student. Our analysis focuses on the insider/outsider dilemma, self-reflection, and multiple subjectivities in the hopes that we can share our experiences of what became a vital and unique learning experience.
Qualitative Inquiry into Church-Based Assets for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control: A Forum Focus Group Discussion Approach
Authors: Aja Godwin , Modeste Naomi , Montgomery Susanne
Published: March 2021

Assets church members believed they needed to engage in effective HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities. We used the three-step forum focus group discussion (FFGD) methodology to elicit responses from 32 church leaders and lay members, representing five denominations in Aba, Nigeria. Concrete resources, health expertise, finances, institutional support, capacity building, and spiritual support connected to the collective interest of members were indicated as useful for church members to engage in HIV/AIDS prevention and control activities. Adequate planning and delivery of cost-effective, appropriate and sustainable health promotion programs require an understanding of perceived church-based assets.
Grandparental Death: Through the Lens of an Asian Child
Authors: Lai Wing-Fu
Published: March 2021

Bereavement has been extensively studied over the years, yet scholarly work depicting, with the first-person perspective, the experience of childhood bereavement is severely lacking. The research question I set out to answer here is: What is it like as an Asian child to experience bereavement following grandparental death? As such, self-introspection was exercised, and this, together with the diaries and free writings generated at the time of my grandma’s death, was used as the basis for autoethnographic reflections. It is hoped that my story presented here can offer a psychological portrayal of an Asian child enduring grandparental death, and illuminate the grandmother-grandson relationship in a Chinese society.
Group Supervision Attitudes: Supervisory Practices Fostering Resistance to Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Brooks Charles , Patterson David , McKiernan Patrick
Published: March 2021

The focus of this study was to qualitatively evaluate worker’s attitudes about clinical supervision. It is believed that poor attitudes toward clinical supervision can create barriers during supervision sessions. Fifty-one participants within a social services organization completed an open-ended questionnaire regarding their clinical supervision experiences. Results suggest four key areas which appear to be strong factors in workers’ experiences and attitudes regarding group supervision: a. facilitator’s skill level; b. creativity; c. utilization of technology; and d. applicability. For organizations interested in overcoming potential barriers to adopting best practices, effectively addressing workers’ negative attitudes toward group supervision would be a worthy endeavor.
STUDENT PROTESTS IN UNIVERSITIES: EXPLORING THE MODEL FOR CRISIS MANAGEMENT, CRISIS LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING
Authors:   SZABIST, Karachi, Najib Shehla
Published: March 2021

With the increasing number of crisis events occurring in higher educational institutions, crisis management has attracted research attention. This article focuses on student protests that were widely experienced throughout the university campuses in Pakistan. By adapting a multiple case study and Zdriaski’s ‘Crisis Matrix’ as the conceptual and analytical framework, the researcher examines higher educational institutions real life experience with student’s protests.The purpose of this qualitative study was to report descriptions of challenges and strategies as narrated by leaders who had experienced campus crisis with complete reflections on their leadership competencies and strategies used. Additionally, after managing the crisis comprehensive list of leadership competencies required for organizational learning were explored. This study has value for practitioners when organizational learning is selected as an approach to organizational effectiveness specially during challenging times when learning is promoted at all levels and aligned with the overall strategic intent.
Микрообучение - эффективный формат электронного обучения
Authors: Власова Е.З.
Published: March 2021

Микрообучение рассматривается как новый и перспективный формат электронного обучения. Обосновывается эффективность его использования в условиях цифровизации образо-вания на всех его уровнях – от школьного до корпоративного