bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal and oceanographic factors differentially affect two size classes of white shark at a Southern California aggregation site
Authors: McCauley DJ , Parsons JK , Braman CA , Anderson JM , Caselle JE , Critchley EJ , Glina A , Joyce FH , Lowe CG , Mladjov S , Nathan N , Rex PT , Spurgeon E , Stirling BS , Young HS
Published: August 2024

Ontogenetic habitat shifts are a common feature of many marine species, including sharks, which face conservation threats when their distributions overlap with human resource extraction and habitat modification. White sharks Carcharodon carcharias, for example, exhibit a distinctly coastal phase as juveniles, with a limited distribution compared to the basin-scale range of adults. Using an unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV), we studied a coastal aggregation site within a Southern California Bight nursery area to determine how fine-scale temporal and oceanographic factors affect white sharks at different developmental stages. White shark density, as measured via UAV, was highly variable across time of day and day of year, with modest variation across years. Typically, more sharks were observed in the late afternoon hours. Sharks, especially those <3 m total length, were observed more often during periods of colder seafloor temperatures, potentially reflecting avoidance of these colder, deeper waters by more cold-intolerant smaller white sharks. Alternate models incorporating sea surface temperature showed a very small but significant association between surface temperatures and <3 m total length white sharks for the months we surveyed, but no such association for larger sharks. There were no or only modest effects of visibility, swell height, chl a levels, sea state, and tidal height on UAV-observed shark density. Understanding how temporal patterns and oceanographic predictors of density change over time as well as how shark ontogeny interacts with these factors can help us to better understand how this species uses coastal habitats and predict when they may be more likely to share marine space with humans.
Resiliensi Mahasiswa Ditinjau dari Efikasi Diri dan Dukungan Sosial Pada Kegiatan Program Magang MSIB
Authors: Az-Zahra Dzakirahsalwa , Saragih Sahat , Rini Rr. Amanda Pasca
Published: August 2024

The transition of student activities from regular classes to internship activities may make students experience various difficulties. Therefore, a form of tenacity is needed so for students to able to adapt and bounce back when facing difficulties, so that the internship program can run well and be completed on time. This ability is called resilience. Resilience can be increased by students' belief that they are able to overcome difficulties, commonly called as self-efficacy, and accompanied by social support from the people closest to them. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and social support and resilience in students participating in the MSIB internship program. This quantitative research chose students who participated in the MSIB internship program in the “Ruang Belajar Aqil” batch 2-5 as the research subjects. The sampling technique uses incidental sampling technique. In this research, there were 258 participants. The measuring instruments used were The Resilience Scale Wagnild and Young (1987), the Self-Efficacy Scale, and The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) compiled by Zimet et al (1998). The data analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear analysis techniques with the help of the IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 program. Based on the correlation test, a score of R = 0.653 was obtained with a significance of p = 0.000 (p < 0.01), meaning that there was a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy, social support and resilience in students who participated in the MSIB internship program.
Konsep Diri Dengan Resiliensi Pada Sandwich Generation
Authors: Fatmasari Dina , Ambarwati Krismi Diah
Published: August 2024

Carrying out the roles of both a child and a parent at the same time is certainly not an easy thing to do. There are many responsibilities that must be carried out as individuals with the sandwich generation. The various problems faced certainly have an influence on the resilience of someone with the sandwich generation. To be a resilient individual certainly cannot be separated from the influence of a positive self-concept so that individuals in the sandwich generation are able to overcome every problem they experience. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and resilience in individuals classified as the sandwich generation. The method used is quantitative with a correlational design. Participants in this research were 149 individuals from the sandwich generation. Research measurements used the Structure of the Personal Self-Concept (α = 0.879) and the Adiult Resilience Scale (α = 0.921). The analysis method uses the Sperm Rho correlation test. The research results show that there is a significant positive relationship between self-concept and resilience in individuals classified as the sandwich generation (r = 0.477) and sig. = 0.001. In this way, it is hoped that individuals who are classified as the sandwich generation can maintain a positive self-concept so that they remain resilient individuals in carrying out their role as a sandwich generation.
Pelatihan Literasi Teknologi Informasi pada Desa Harapan Kecamatan Pemulutan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir
Authors: Panggabean Wahdyta Putri , Abdillah Leon A.
Published: August 2024

Era perkembangan komputerisasi terus berlanjut dan berkembang dari tahun ke tahun sehingga menciptakan teknologi yang dapat mempermudah semua aspek kehidupan manusia seperti bisnis, komunikasi maupun sebagai penyedia informasi. Desa Harapan merupakan salah satu desa yang masyarakat yang kurang pemahaman akan teknologi informasi. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya Pendidikan dan sosialisasi akan teknologi. Sehingga banyak masyarakat disana yang termakan akan informasi palsu dan belum mengerti sepenuhnya cara menggunakannya. Serta untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai desa masih kesulitan dikarenakan berbentuk hard copy. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan perangkat desa dalam menyajikan informasi lebih cepat dan efisien, selain itu memudahkan masayarakat desa dalam mengakses informasi mengenai desa melalui blog dan Perangkat desa mendapat pemahaman penggunaan teknologi dalam mengorganisir informasi melalui blog. Perangkat desa memiliki keterampilan dalam menggunakan blog untuk meningkatkan informasi digital di desa. Dengan adanya blog, masyarakat desa dapat mengakses informasi desa dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Program-program kerja yang telah dilakukan berjalan dengan baik dan lancar dengan kerja sama tim dan partisipasi masyarakat desa.
Pelatihan Penulisan Serta Publikasi Artikel Luaran Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat di STEI Al-Furqon Prabumulih
Authors: Amalia Shynta , Amrina Rizqy Dwi , Saputra Eko , Desvitasari Deta , Amalia Hariana , Ilma Ridha , Husnaini Husnaini
Published: August 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan penulisan artikel ilmiah sesuai standar jurnal PKM dan meningkatkan pemahaman anggota institusi mengenai manfaat publikasi hasil kegiatan PKM. Dalam pelaksanaannya, melibatkan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan pengabdian memberikan dampak positif dalam pengembangan keterampilan dan nilai pribadi mahasiswa siswa. Melalui materi pelatihan dan praktik, anggota institusi diharapkan mampu menghasilkan artikel ilmiah yang berkualitas dan memiliki dampak positif bagi masyarakat. Evaluasi akhir menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan ini berhasil memberikan manfaat dan pemahaman yang lebih baik terkait penulisan artikel ilmiah dan publikasi hasil kegiatan PKM.
Sosialisasi Rencana Bisnis Untuk Membantu Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah (UMKM) Di Pempek Atok Semeru Palembang
Authors: Taqwa Dwi Muhammad , Isnawijayani Isnawijayani , Rianawati Dian
Published: August 2024

Tujuan utama kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pelatihan ergo-entrepreneurship dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup karyawan Pempek Atok Simeru Palembang dengan mengurangi keluhan muskuloskeletal, kelelahan, dan beban kerja, serta meningkatkan sikap kewirausahaan mereka. Studi ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok pre- dan post-tes (treatment by subjects design) dan melibatkan tiga puluh sampel yang dipilih secara acak bertingkat. Variabel bebasnya adalah pelaksanaan hasil pelatihan ergo-entrepreneurship, yang merupakan pelatihan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Variabel tergantungnya adalah (1) kualitas hidup, yang diukur dengan indikator kelelahan, keluhan muskuloskeletal, dan beban kerja; dan (2) sikap kewirausahaan karyawan Pempek Atok Simeru Palembang.
Tes dan Pengukuran Kondisi Fisik Atlet Panjat Tebing FPTI Kota Palembang
Authors: Sukmawati Noviria , Hidayat Arif , Kesumawati Selvi Atesya , Septaliza Dewi , Muslimin Muslimin , Martinus Martinus , Endrawan I Bagus , Melianty Selvi
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk membatu atlet panjat tebing Kota Palembang mengetahui batas kemampuan komponen biomotorik dan membatu memberikan program Latihan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan fisik. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bidang tes dan pengukuran panjat tebing juga membuka peluang untuk penelitian dan pengembangan lebih lanjut. Data yang dikumpulkan dari tes dan pengukuran dapat digunakan untuk melakukan penelitian yang mendalam mengenai berbagai aspek panjat tebing, termasuk faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi performa dan keselamatan, tren perkembangan kemampuan pemanjat, dan efektivitas berbagai metode pelatihan. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan program pelatihan yang lebih efektif, alat pengukuran yang lebih akurat, dan kebijakan keselamatan yang lebih baik. Misalnya, penelitian mengenai teknik-teknik panjat yang paling efektif untuk berbagai jenis rute dapat membantu pemanjat meningkatkan kemampuan mereka dengan lebih cepat dan aman. Selain itu, penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi performa dapat membantu mengembangkan program pelatihan mental yang lebih efektif.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FLIPPED CLASSROOM TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI MATEMATIS DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Desy Pramita  , Maysarah Siti
Published: August 2024

Matematika adalah alat penting bagi siswa saat mereka menghadapi masalah pembelajaran matematika. Model pembelajaran Flipped Classroom adalah salah satu upaya untuk memberi solusi permasalahan yang dapat diterapkan dalam menghadapi permasalahan pendidikan. Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk memudahkan peserta dik memahami pembelajaran matematika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan instrumen soal untuk menguji kemampuan literasi matematis dan kemampuan belajar matematis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan uji normalitas dan homogenitas, serta uji t. Hasil penelitian bahwa nilai thitung (-0,024) < ttabel (1,998) yang menunjukkan bahwa H0 diterima dan Ha ditolak. Hal ini berarti bahwa Tidak Terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Terhadap Kemandirian Belajar Matematis Siswa di Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Bilah Hulu. Maka model Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom bisa dikatakan baik untuk diterapkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran matematika
Poor Institutional Governance: The Bane of Managing Ghana's Oil Revenue
Authors: Adomako-Kwakye Chris
Published: August 2024

Ghana discovered crude oil in 2007 and started oil production in 2010. Ghana, consequently, enacted the Petroleum Revenue Management Act (PRMA) to regulate the oil revenue and ensure the optimal utilisation of the oil revenue. To this end, several state institutions have been assigned duties under the PRMA. Quality institutions aid the management of resource revenue. Ghana's constitutional architecture permits a new President to appoint new heads of state institutions. To this end, state institutions meant to serve as a check on executive authority have been found wanting. This article investigates the quality of state institutions with responsibilities under the PRMA concerning their functions to ascertain whether they possess the characteristics of strong institutions. The article argues that executive influence dominates Ghana's PRMA, leading to the institutions making decisions based on political expediency. This shows weak institutional structures. This article argues for the development of state institutions to serve as a check on the executive power. The article thus recommends constitutional amendment regarding the power of appointment of heads of state institutions to be vested in the President and the Public Services Commission.
Woman-to-Woman Marriage in the South-east of Nigeria Versus the Prohibitory Regime of Same-sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act 2013
Authors: Enemo I. P. , Anozie M. C. , Nwatu S. I. , Oguejiofor O.
Published: August 2024

Woman to woman marriage is a type of customary law marriage that is practiced in the South East of Nigeria which involves marriage between young females by aged female wives/mothers. There are variants of this marriage, but the focus of this article is on the variant which is founded on the need for geriatric care for the elderly. This article explores the origin, dimensions, benefits, and implications of the practice. It is contended that although the practice may have some salutary communal effects in traditional settings, it is inherently damaging to society and operates to enable the State to shirk its duty to provide care for the elderly. This article further argues that the various State Governments in the South East of Nigeria should take urgent policy initiatives and actions to entrench care for the elderly as a sure measure to efface the practice.
Sexual Harassment Laws in Nigeria: Lessons from the United Kingdom
Authors: Okongwu Onyeka C.
Published: August 2024

Sexual harassment is a social problem facing women at work and is a barrier to their career advancement. The United Nations recognises sexual harassment as a form of violence against women and is committed to eliminating it through the enactment of laws to punish and redress the wrongs. Nigeria, a Member State of the United Nations, has ratified international and regional instruments which advocate for the protection and promotion of the rights of women and girls. This study shows that laws in Nigeria are not adequate to protect workers from sexual harassment and that laws are needed to curb the societal menace. The study examined international and regional provisions on sexual harassment at work as well as carried out a thorough review of the applicable laws in the UK with a view to recommending changes to Nigerian laws. The study also examined the perception of sexual harassment and found that perception of sexual harassment and what people considered to be sexual harassment can vary from one society to another. In light of this, the study proposes that any enactment of laws in Nigeria to eliminate sexual harassment should take account of the patriarchal nature of Nigerian society that encourages males to outwardly express sexual interest in women which may alter a woman’s perception of what is an acceptable expression of sexual interest. Alongside this, the study also recommends that boys and men should be educated to understand that a woman’s ‘no’ means ‘no.’
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Bangun Datar Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Terhadap Siswa SDI Nurul Mushthofa
Authors: Aini Frety Isyra , Khoiri Miftahul
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas model pembelajaran snowball throwing dalam meningkatkan pemahaman matematika pada siswa kelas IV di SDI Nurul Mushthofa. Metode kualitatif deskriptif digunakan untuk mendalaminya, dengan fokus pada teknik analisis konten dan observasi langsung. Ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana pembelajaran interaktif ini mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar kerja peserta didik dan observasi interaksi kelas, yang memungkinkan peneliti untuk secara langsung mengamati dan mengevaluasi proses belajar mengajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model snowball throwing berhasil menciptakan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam hasil belajar matematika. Siswa menunjukkan kemajuan dalam pemahaman konsep dan keterampilan analitis yang lebih baik. Lebih penting lagi, model ini memfasilitasi interaksi yang lebih intensif dan aktivitas kreatif di antara siswa, yang secara langsung berkontribusi pada pembelajaran yang lebih dinamis dan mendalam. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa model snowball throwing, dengan penekanan pada pembelajaran kolaboratif dan partisipatif, merupakan strategi efektif untuk memperkaya pengalaman pembelajaran matematika. Ini tidak hanya mendukung pengembangan hasil belajar siswa secara keseluruhan tetapi juga meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dalam proses belajar, membuat mereka lebih terlibat dan antusias dalam menjelajahi materi matematika.
Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Komputasional Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Matematika
Authors: Darmawan Puguh , Wahyuni Sri
Published: August 2024

Abad 21 ini mengharuskan keterampilan berpikir dan pemecahan masalah dikembangkan dalam proses pembelajaran. Salah satu cara yang bisa diterapkan dalam pemecahan masalah dalam ranah lebih luas adalah dengan berpikir komputasional. Kenyataannya, berpikir komputasional siswa Indonesia masih rendah. Berpikir komputasional dan pembelajaran memiliki kaitan erat. Berpikir komputasional dapat ditingkatkan pada proses pembelajaran. Pendidik harus menyesuaikan pola berpikir peserta didik dengan cara mengajarnya sehingga peserta didik lebih mudah dalam melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas dalam pembelajaran sehingga perlu dilakukan kajian lebih lanjut tentang berpikir komputasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir komputasional mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah tiga mahasiswa dari program studi pendidikan matematika, pendidikan biologi, dan pendidikan fisika. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah peneliti, soal tes untuk mengukur berpikir komputasional mahasiswa, alat rekaman audio, catatan peneliti, dan pedoman wawancara. Teknik analisis data penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketiga subjek yang mewakili masing-masing program studi telah memenuhi semua indikator berpikir komputasional, yaitu dekomposisi, pengenalan pola, abstraksi, dan berpikir algoritma. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pendidik atau dosen harus membiasakan peserta didik atau mahasiswa untuk menuliskan jawaban di setiap masalah dengan runtut dan sistematis agar konteks masalah maupun penyelesaiannya dapat dipahami dengan benar dan teliti.
Alternatif Pembuktian Hasil Kali Gradien Dua Garis Tegak Lurus Dalam Konteks Matematika Sekolah
Authors: Fahlevi Mahfudz Reza
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini menyajikan ragam pembuktian konsep gradien garis, khususnya hasil kali gradien dua garis yang saling tegak lurus. Dalam matematika sekolah, konsep gradien cukup sering dijumpai. Namun, konsep tersebut jarang dilengkapi dengan penjelasan pembuktian yang akurat, sehingga dikhawatirkan menutup kesempatan siswa untuk berpikir kreatif dan berdampak buruk bagi budaya belajar matematika. Metode penelitian kualitatif digunakan melalui kajian kepustakaan yang bersumber dari video-video Youtube (Math&music, Indrajana, dan MaThCliX®), paparan pembuktian dalam situs diskusi ilmiah Quora (Sagar), serta pembuktian yang disusun oleh peneliti. Dengan mengompilasikan sumber-sumber yang ada, peneliti berupaya untuk menyajikan bukti matematis konsep hasil kali gradien dua garis yang saling tegak lurus. Materi yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: (1) rotasi sederhana suatu garis, (2) konsep perbandingan dan kesebangunan, (3) teorema Pythagoras, (4) konsep tangen/tan dalam Trigonometri, serta (5) konsep perkalian dot dua vektor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep perkalian gradien dua garis tegak lurus dapat dibuktikan melalui beragam materi matematika sekolah, sehingga layak dijadikan referensi bagi guru ketika ingin menjelaskan konsep ini dengan baik dan benar serta memiliki dasar pembuktian yang kuat. Penelitian ini dapat berkembang lebih lanjut dengan melengkapi bukti hasil kali gradien dua garis tegak lurus menggunakan konsep lain yang relevan dalam materi matematika sekolah.
Violino no choro: possibilidades interpretativas a partir de composições de J. E. Gramani
Authors: Momm de Melo Carolina , Fiaminghi Luiz Henrique
Published: August 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre a prática do violino na música popular brasileira com ênfase no gênero choro a partir de um conjunto de composições de José Eduardo Gramani (1944-1998). Inicialmente são apresentados recursos do instrumento com ênfase no aspecto rítmico para sua inserção na linguagem do choro. Em seguida, será feito um levantamento dessas composições e arranjos de música popular brasileira para violino, rabecas e outros instrumentos. Finalmente, três exemplos dessas composições serão analisados através da teoria das tópicas na música brasileira proposta por Piedade (2013; 2017) e dos recursos técnicos mencionados. Para ilustrar esses trechos analisados, foram feitas gravações em vídeo.
Magdalena Tagliaferro: repertório e performances segundo a crítica musical francesa
Authors: Da Mata Daher Anderson
Published: August 2024

Neste artigo apresento algumas estratégias utilizadas pela pianista brasileira Magdalena Tagliaferro no que diz respeito à formação de seu repertório, a fim de obter respeitabilidade como musicista por parte da crítica musical francesa entre 1908 e 1939. Para tal tarefa, utilizo como fontes as publicações da imprensa francesa acessíveis pela web na plataforma www.retronews.fr, assim como a própria autobiografia da pianista (Tagliaferro, 1979). Como desdobramento, apresento três instâncias em que a imprensa francesa retratou a pianista: durante as estreias de composições contemporâneas, consolidando sua imagem como uma intérprete moderna e eclética; nas gravações realizadas em estúdio, inserindo-a na ascendente indústria fonográfica; e, por fim, em suas incursões enquanto cantora, uma faceta pouco explorada na carreira da pianista - que exemplifica sua liberdade e ousadia artística.
Effect of integrated fertilizer and plant density management on yield, root characteristic and photosynthetic parameters in maize on the semiarid Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Shuying , Fan Tinglu , Zhao Gang , Ma Mingsheng , Lei Kangning , Li Shangzhong , Cheng Wanli , Dang Yi , Wang Lei , Zhang Jianjun , Zhou Gang , Li Xingmao , Ni Shengli
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Improving photosynthetic use efficiency in dryland agroecosystems to sustain high agricultural yields is a key responsibility for ensuring food security.

Methods

This study was conducted in the regions on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China during 2018–2020. Dryland maize of Xianyu 335 comprised four modes: basic yield input (CK, plastic film mulching, 37500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and unfertilized), farmer input (FP, plastic film mulching, 45000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and inorganic nitrogen(N) and phosphate(P) fertilizer were 150kg.ha-1 and 90kg.ha-1), high yield and high-efficiency input (HH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 67500 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic manure(M) fertilizer were 230kg.ha-1, 140kg.ha-1 and 1500kg.ha-1), and super high yield input (SH, full plastic-film mulching on double furrow, 9000 plant.ha-1 of plant density and N, P and organic M fertilizer were 300kg.ha-1, 180kg.ha-1 and 7500kg.ha-1). The effects of different cultivation modes on yield, WUE, net photosynthetic rate(Pn), leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll index(SPAD value) and root index were studied.

Results

The results showed that the value average of yield and WUE for CK were 7790kg and 17480kg.ha-1 in three years. SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE was significant higher compared with CK cultivation mode (P<0.05). SH, HH and FP cultivation modes of yield and WUE increased by 34.01%, 48.68%, 56.39% and 34.34%, 47.99%, 57.99%, compared than CK cultivation mode. These differences were observed during the seedling stage, jointing stage, silking stage and filling stage. Year to year variation in performance of applied treatment, this improved in CK cultivation mode significantly enhanced SPAD value, Pn, LAI and the root index than SH, HH and FP cultivation modes. The yield exhibited a positive correlation with the WUE, SPAD value, Pn, LAI. The SH cultivation mode was the highest yields.

Discussion

The results indicated that maize yield and WUE could be increased through integrating and optimizing cultivation techniques in maize production on the semiarid western Loess Plateau of China. The SH cultivation mode was the highest yields. The primary factor contributing to the increase in yield and WUE of maize due to increased density, increased fertilizer and covering measures is the augmentation of Pn, LAI, SPAD value, and root index.
Consistent stall air speeds in commercial dairy farms are associated with less variability in cow lying times
Authors: Reuscher Kimberly J. , Cook Nigel B. , Halbach Courtney E. , Mondaca Mario R. , Van Os Jennifer M. C.
Published: August 2024

Heat stress is a known challenge for dairy farms, but standardized, practical heat abatement assessments are lacking. Our objectives were to evaluate the summer ventilation system performance of Wisconsin freestall facilities, provide farms with feedback, and refine our assessment method for knowledge transfer to the industry. Six naturally ventilated (NV) and six cross-ventilated (CV) facilities (n=12) were enrolled. On day 1, 30 focal cows received data loggers to measure resting behavior and intravaginal temperature. Data loggers recorded barn air temperature and relative humidity. Air speeds (AS) were measured manually with anemometers to characterize AS distributions at cow resting (0.5m) and standing (1.5m) heights. Data loggers were removed on day 5, resulting in 3 days of data for resting behavior, vaginal temperature, and temperature humidity index (THI). The fixed effects of average AS and daily maximum THI on daily maximum vaginal temperature (VT), 24-h lying time (LT), and the number and duration of daily lying bouts were analyzed using linear mixed models. We evaluated the fixed effects of THI, average AS, and within-facility SD in AS among stalls on within-facility SD of VT, LT, and the number and duration of lying bouts among focal cows. Stall AS in NV vs. CV barns was 1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 m/s (inter-facility ranges: 0.9–1.7 vs. 1.4–3.1 m/s) at resting height and 2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.5 m/s (range: 1.7–2.8 vs. 1.7–3.1 m/s) at standing height. When facility AS increased by 1 m/s, cows had 0.8 fewer lying bouts per day. When the within-facility SD of AS among stalls increased by 1 m/s, the SD among cows of daily lying time increased 1 h/d, driven by an increase in the SDs of lying bouts (+2.5 bouts/d) and durations (13.9 min/bout). For every 10-unit increase in THI, VT increased 0.4°C, daily lying bouts tended to increase by 0.9/d, and SD of daily lying time increased 0.4 h/d. The farms received reports with summary data and suggestions to improve the consistency of AS at cow resting height. Consistent air speeds of ≥1 m/s among stalls can improve cow comfort during heat stress by reducing variation in lying behavior.
Pushing boundaries in cardiac surgery: minimally invasive mitral valve repair combined with tricuspid valve repair and/or other concomitant procedures
Authors: Stelzmueller Marie-Elisabeth , Zilberszac Robert , Rosenhek Raphael , Hutschala Doris , Kappel Sabine , Lassnig Andrea , Laufer Guenther , Zimpfer Daniel , Wisser Wilfried
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Minimally invasive mitral valve repair/replacement has emerged as a widely accepted surgical approach for managing mitral valve disorders. Continuous technological progress has contributed to the refinement of this procedure, leading to improved safety, decreased surgical trauma, and faster recovery times. Despite these advancements, there remains a scarcity of data concerning minimally invasive complex mitral valve repair surgeries when combined with additional procedures.

Methods

Between November 2008 and December 2022, 153 patients underwent an operation using a minimally invasive technique. All patients underwent mitral valve surgery for severe mitral valve insufficiency/stenosis in combination with at least one additional procedure for tricuspid valve repair (n = 52, 34%), patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect closure (n = 34, 22.2%), left atrial appendage occlusion (n = 25, 16.3%), or electrophysiological procedure (n = 101, 66.0%). Two concomitant procedures were conducted in 98 patients (64.1%), three concomitant procedures in 49 patients (32%), and four concomitant procedures in 6 patients (3.9%).

Results

Surgical success was achieved in 99.3% of the patients (n = 152), one patient required a revision of the mitral valve repair on the first postoperative day due to systolic anterior motion phenomenon. Mitral valve repair was performed in 136 patients (88.9%), while 15 patients (9.8%) received a mitral valve replacement as per a preoperative decision due to severe mitral valve stenosis, and two patients (1.3%) underwent other mitral valve procedures. Therapeutic success in treating atrial fibrillation was achieved in 86 patients (85.1%) of the 101 who received an additional maze-procedure. The 30-day mortality rate was 0.7%, with one patient succumbing to respiratory failure. Neurological complications occurred in 7 patients (4.6%). Freedom from reoperation was calculated as 98% at 5-year follow-up and 96.5% at 10-year follow-up.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery, even when performed alongside concomitant procedures, stands out as a reproducible and safe technique with outstanding outcomes. It is imperative to advance towards the next frontier in minimally invasive surgery, encouraging experienced surgeons to undertake more complex procedures using minimally invasive approaches. These results help envision extending the boundaries of minimally invasive surgery by performing complex mitral valve procedures and associated interventions entirely through endoscopic means in suitable patients.
Differences in socio-emotional competencies between high-ability students and typically-developing students
Authors: Rocha Alberto , Borges África , García-Perales Ramón , Almeida Ana Isabel S.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Social and emotional competencies play a fundamental role in students’ overall development.

Methods

This study aims to analyze possible differences in socio-emotional skills between high-ability students and students with typical development, using differential quantitative research between subjects. From a sample of 143 students, of whom 51 were identified as having high abilities, differences in socio-emotional skills dimensions were explored using a brief self-developed questionnaire to assess their satisfaction with interactions with peers, along with the instrument “For me it is easy”: Social and Emotional Skills Assessment Scale for Children and Adolescents.

Results

The results indicated that high-ability schoolchildren exhibited greater dissatisfaction in the choice of friends, the education they received at school, sports and motor skills, and social relationships with friends. The results from the second instrument generally indicated that high-ability students had lower mean scores in the dimensions evaluated, a difference that was statistically significant in the emotional regulation dimension compared to their typically-developing peers.

Discussion

This study highlights the importance of an inclusive educational approach that considers the specific social–emotional needs of high-ability students, promoting specific intervention strategies.
Microbiome analyses of the Uraim River in the Amazon and georeferencing analyses to establish correlation with anthropogenic impacts of land use
Authors: Cardenas-Alegria Oscar Victor , Ferreira Victor Benedito Costa , Noguera Wylerson Guimarães , Martins David Tavares , Martins Neto Artur Pedro , Monteiro Pontes Paulo Rógenes , Lopes Cavalcante Rosane Barbosa , Aguiar Alves Sandy Ingrid , Luiz da Costa da Silva Artur , Gomes Costa Rosilene , Franco de Los Santos Edian Franklin , Azevedo Vasco Ariston de Carvalho , Ramos Rommel Thiago Juca
Published: August 2024

One of the primary challenges in the spread of infectious diseases is the consumption of poorly or untreated water, which is increasingly being used due to the growth of different human activities and the effect of urbanization on freshwater sources, which are often used for consumption purposes. The determination of pathogenic bacteria in freshwater rivers influenced by anthropogenic activities allows for the assessment of the impact these factors have on water quality. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the diversity of pathogenic bacteria and virulence genes in the Uraim River in the northern region of Brazil. For this purpose, surface water was collected from five points with varying degrees of anthropogenic impact along the Uraim River. In situ measurements of physicochemical components were conducted, and metagenomic analysis was used for the identification of pathogenic bacteria and virulence genes. Regarding the physicochemical parameters, variability was observed among the different analysis points, as well as diversity among bacteria and virulence genes. Notably, enterobacteria and the ESKAPE group were highlighted among the bacteria, with significant negative associations found between dissolved oxygen and the diversity of virulence genes and between deforestation and population density with the presence of ESKAPE group bacteria.
Knowledge map and hotspot analysis in source appointment of heavy metals from 1994 to 2022: a scientometric review
Authors: Jia Ziyi , Cai Angzu , Li Rui , Wang Xia , Liu Yuan
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, more and more studies have been conducted on source appointment of heavy metals, since they can accumulate in the food chain and have a negative impact on the ecological environment and human health. However, almost never before had scholars tried to make a comprehensive and methodical review in this field from the scientometric and bibliometric perspective. The purpose of this review is to offer insights into the research topics and trend evaluation in terms of source appointment of heavy metals over time using the visualization and analysis software, CiteSpace. We retrieved a total of 2,533 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) dated between 1994 and 2022, and analysed the progress, hotspots, and trends in this field by synthesized networks of cooperation analysis, co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis, and keywords burst analysis. The overall development of the topic can be divided into four periods, and the rapid development began from 2010. Environmental Sciences was the leading subject category, and the journal Science of the Total Environment had the highest number of publications (9.51%), which was most cited as well (2,390 times). China published the most articles in this field, in which Chinese Academy of Sciences was the leading institution. Said Muhammad and Xinwei Lu were the top two most productive authors. According to citation frequency, Hakanson L was the movers and shakers. Keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis results showed that “the health risk assessment,” “lake sediments”, “trace elements,” “positive matrix factorization,” “air pollution,” “road dust,” and “megacity” are likely to be hotspots. The “particulate matter,” “China,” “sediments” and “road dust” demonstrated the research tendencies of this domain by keyword burst analysis.
Characteristics and impact of infiltration of B-cells from systemic sclerosis patients in a 3D healthy skin model
Authors: Le Maître Mathilde , Guerrier Thomas , Collet Aurore , Derhourhi Mehdi , Meneboo Jean-Pascal , Toussaint Bénédicte , Bonnefond Amélie , Villenet Céline , Sebda Shéhérazade , Bongiovanni Antonino , Tardivel Meryem , Simon Myriam , Jendoubi Manel , Daunou Blanche , Largy Alexis , Figeac Martin , Dubucquoi Sylvain , Launay David
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In systemic sclerosis (SSc), B-cells are activated and present in the skin and lung of patients where they can interact with fibroblasts. The precise impact and mechanisms of the interaction of B-cells and fibroblasts at the tissular level are poorly studied.

Objective

We investigated the impact and mechanisms of B-cell/fibroblast interactions in cocultures between B-cells from patients with SSc and 3-dimensional reconstituted healthy skin model including fibroblasts, keratinocytes and extracellular matrix.

Methods

The quantification and description of the B-cell infiltration in 3D cocultures were performed using cells imagery strategy and cytometry. The effect of coculture on the transcriptome of B-cells and fibroblasts was studied with bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing approaches. The mechanisms of this interaction were studied by blocking key cytokines like IL-6 and TNF.

Results

We showed a significant infiltration of B-cells in the 3D healthy skin model. The amount but not the depth of infiltration was higher with B-cells from SSc patients and with activated B-cells. B-cell infiltrates were mainly composed of naïve and memory cells, whose frequencies differed depending on B-cells origin and activation state: infiltrated B-cells from patients with SSc showed an activated profile and an overexpression of immunoglobulin genes compared to circulating B-cells before infiltration. Our study has shown for the first time that activated B-cells modified the transcriptomic profile of both healthy and SSc fibroblasts, toward a pro-inflammatory (TNF and IL-17 signaling) and interferon profile, with a key role of the TNF pathway.

Conclusion

B-cells and 3D skin cocultures allowed the modelization of B-cells infiltration in tissues observed in SSc, uncovering an influence of the underlying disease and the activation state of B-cells. We showed a pro-inflammatory effect on skin fibroblasts and pro-activation effect on infiltrating B-cells during coculture. This reinforces the role of B-cells in SSc and provide potential targets for future therapeutic approach in this disease.
The role of nociceptive neurons in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Cong Jianchao , Lv Hao , Xu Yu
Published: August 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic, non-infectious condition affecting the nasal mucosa, primarily mediated mainly by IgE. Recent studies reveal that AR is intricately associated not only with type 2 immunity but also with neuroimmunity. Nociceptive neurons, a subset of primary sensory neurons, are pivotal in detecting external nociceptive stimuli and modulating immune responses. This review examines nociceptive neuron receptors and elucidates how neuropeptides released by these neurons impact the immune system. Additionally, we summarize the role of immune cells and inflammatory mediators on nociceptive neurons. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic interplay between nociceptive neurons and the immune system augments our understanding of the neuroimmune mechanisms underlying AR, thereby opening novel avenues for AR treatment modalities.
Increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation in oligoarticular, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and enthesitis-related arthritis: biomarkers for diagnosis and disease activity
Authors: Tang Hongxia , Zhong Yucheng , Wu Yali , Huang Yanmei , Liu Yi , Chen Jing , Xi Ting , Wen Yini , He Ting , Yang Shanshan , Liu Fan , Xiong Runji , Jin Runming
Published: August 2024

Objective

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are important factors in initiating and perpetuating inflammation. However, the role of NETs in different subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) has been rarely studied. Therefore, we aimed to explore the ability of JIA-derived neutrophils to release NETs and the effect of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) inhibitors on NET formation both in vitro and in vivo, and evaluate the associations of NET-derived products with clinical and immune-related parameters.

Methods

The ability of neutrophils to release NETs and the effect of adalimumab on NET formation was assessed via in vitro stimulation and inhibition studies. Plasma NET-derived products were detected to assess the incidence of NET formation in vivo. Furthermore, flow cytometry and western blotting were used to detect NET-associated signaling components in neutrophils.

Results

Compared to those derived from HCs, neutrophils derived from patients with oligoarticular-JIA, polyarticular-JIA and enthesitis-related arthritis were more prone to generate NETs spontaneously and in response to TNF-α or PMA in vitro. Excessive NET formation existed in peripheral circulation of JIA patients, and elevated plasma levels of NET-derived products (cell-free DNA and MPO-DNA complexes) could accurately distinguish JIA patients from HCs and were positively correlated with disease activity. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that erythrocyte sedimentation rate and TNF-α levels were independent variables and were positively correlated with cell-free DNA concentration. Notably, TNF-α inhibitors could effectively prevent NET formation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of NET-associated kinases in JIA-derived neutrophils were markedly increased.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that NETs might play pathogenic roles and may be involved in TNF-α-mediated inflammation in JIA. Circulating NET-derived products possess potential diagnostic and disease monitoring value. Furthermore, the preliminary results related to the molecular mechanisms of NET formation in JIA patients provide a theoretical basis for NET-targeted therapy.
Investigating the impact of STING pathway activation on breast cancer treatment outcomes: development and validation of a prognostic model
Authors: Zhong YangYan , Cao Hong , Li Wei , Deng Jian , Li Dan , Deng JunJie
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a significant cause of cancer-associated mortality across the globe. Current therapeutic approaches face challenges such as drug resistance and metastasis. Immune signaling is triggered by chromosomal instability (CIN) generates misplaced DNA structures that activate the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway, triggering. Studies have linked STING activation to BRCA treatment.

Methods

The bulk RNA-seq data for patients with BRCA were collected from the TCGA-BRCA cohort, GSE20685, and GSE96058 cohorts. STING pathway-related genes (SRGs) were obtained from the Reactome database. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the limma package. Immune cell infiltration was analyzed using the IOBR package. Gene Ontology biological processes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and cancer hallmark pathways were analyzed using the MSigDB database. Prognostic models were prepared using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multiple-factor Cox regression analysis. Single-cell analysis was performed using the Seurat and SCP pipeline.

Results

The expression patterns and clinical relevance of SRGs were analyzed in patients with BRCA. Transcriptional differences in the SRGs were observed between normal and tumorous tissues, with global down-regulated STING1 and up-regulated TBK1 in BRCA tissue. Tumor tissues were classified through consensus clustering analysis into two distinct groups, with differences in clinical characteristics and immune infiltration. A prognostic model related to the differences in STING pathway activity—high prognostic stratification potency—was developed and validated. Correlation analysis revealed suppressed overall immune activation in patients with BRCA having higher risk scores. Gemcitabine had a more favorable outcome in the low-risk group. The activity of the prognostic model at the single-cell level was confirmed through single-cell analysis, particularly in CD8 T cells and intratumor natural killer cells.

Conclusion

A STING pathway-related prognostic model developed and validated and the model could accurately predict BRCA patient outcomes. These findings have important implications for the personalized treatment and management of patients with BRCA.
Comparative analyses for determining shallow water bathymetry potential of multispectral UAVs: case study in Tavşan Island, Sea of Marmara
Authors: Sefercik Umut Gunes , Nazar Mertcan , Aydin Ilyas , Büyüksalih Gürcan , Gazioglu Cem , Bayirhan Irsad
Published: August 2024

Recently, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in bathymetric applications has become very popular due to the rapid and periodic acquisition of high spatial resolution data that provide detailed modeling of shallow water body depths and obtaining geospatial information. In UAV-based bathymetry, the sensor characteristics, imaging geometries, and the quality of radiometric and geometric calibrations of the imagery are the basic factors to achieve most reliable results. Digital bathymetric models (DBMs) that enable three-dimensional bottom topography definition of water bodies can be generated using many different techniques. In this paper, the effect of different UAV imaging bands and DBM generation techniques on the quality of bathymetric 3D modeling was deeply analyzed by visual and statistical model-based comparison approaches utilizing reference data acquired by a single-beam echosounder. In total, four different DBMs were generated and evaluated, two from dense point clouds derived from red–green–blue (RGB) single-band and multispectral (MS) five-band aerial photos, and the other two from Stumpf and Lyzenga empirical satellite-based bathymetry (SDB) adapted to UAV data. The applications were performed in the Tavşan Island located in Istanbul, Turkey. The results of statistical model-based analyses demonstrated that the accuracies of the DBMs are arranged as RGB, MS, Lyzenga, and Stumpf from higher to lower and the standard deviation of height differences are between ±0.26 m and ±0.54 m. Visual results indicate that five-band MS DBM performs best in identifying the deepest areas.
Development of capture efficacy test method for in-water cleaning system using artificial barnacles
Authors: Cho Yukyeong , Kim Seon-Jeong , Kim Min-Sung , Yang Junhyuk , Choi Joohyoung
Published: August 2024

The International Maritime Organization has adopted a revision to the 2023 International Maritime Organization biofouling guidelines and has been discussing the development of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of in-water cleaning systems. In hull cleaning, which involves aquatic invasive species removal, capture is considered very important in preventing the release of by-products. However, capture efficacy is difficult to evaluate due to the absence of unified evaluation guidelines or standardized methods. Here, we describe a new test method for evaluating the capture efficacy of in-water cleaning systems, using artificial barnacles that simulate the physical characteristics of actual barnacles. The test was designed to evaluate the impact of in-water cleaning on biocide release and biofouling organisms in the marine environment. We used a test plate with artificial barnacles attached to evaluate the capture efficacy with respect to the fouling rating. This test overcomes limitations in the evaluation of the capture efficacy of in-water cleaning systems and provides a reference for the development of more comprehensive tests and in-water cleaning regulation in the future.