bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing the post-Newtonian expansion with GW170817
Authors: Shoom Andrey A. , Gupta Pawan K. , Krishnan Badri , Nielsen Alex B. , Capano Collin D.
Published: April 2023

Observations of gravitational waves from compact binary mergers have enabled unique tests of general relativity in the dynamical and non-linear regimes. One of the most important such tests is constraints on the post-Newtonian (PN) corrections to the phase of the gravitational wave signal. The values of the PN coefficients can be calculated within standard general relativity, and these values are different in many alternate theories of gravity. It is clearly of great interest to constrain the deviations based on gravitational wave observations. In the majority of such tests which have been carried out, and which yield by far the most stringent constraints, it is common to vary these PN coefficients individually. While this might in principle be useful for detecting certain deviations from standard general relativity, it is a serious limitation. For example, we would expect alternate theories of gravity to generically have additional parameters. The corrections to the PN coefficients would be expected to depend on these additional non-GR parameters, whence, we expect that the various PN coefficients to be highly correlated. We present an alternate analysis here using data from the binary neutron star coalescence GW170817. Our analysis uses an appropriate linear combination of non-GR parameters that represent absolute deviations from the corresponding post-Newtonian inspiral coefficients in the TaylorF2 approximant phase. These combinations represent uncorrelated non-GR parameters which correspond to principal directions of their covariance matrix in the parameter subspace. Our results illustrate good agreement with GR. In particular, the integral non-GR phase is $$\Psi _{{\tiny int-non-GR}} = 0.0447\pm 25.3000$$

Ψ

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n
t
-
n
o
n
-
G
R

=
0.0447
±
25.3000

and the deviation from GR percentile is $$p^{{\tiny Dev-GR}}_{n}=25.85\%$$

p
n

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e
v
-
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R

=
25.85
%

.
Conditions for Successful Learning of Primary School Pupils in the Context of Integrated Education: A Case Study
Authors: Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė Daiva , Mereckaitė-Kušleikė Ingrida
Published: April 2023

Contemporary educational theory and practice increasingly emphasise the importance of integrated education in creating the conditions for success for primary school students. In Lithuania, as part of the 2020–2024 curriculum update and the development of general curricula, integrated education is highlighted as one of the priorities for achieving harmony between pupils’ academic achievements and the development of general competences, as well as the creation of a favourable emotional environment for pupils. This creates a strategic perspective on the content of education. However, there is a lack of research and insights into how such practices can be developed smoothly. For this reason, our research was carried out by targeting one of the Francophone institutes in southern France, which has successfully implemented an integrated education practice that enables learning for every pupil in the primary grades. The study analysed the context, i.e. the concept of the educational institution’s activities, which shows what should be done and how it should be done in order to achieve the quality of integrated education. In addition, the data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 4 teachers at the Institute with experience in integrated education. Qualitative content analysis was used to inductively search for answers describing the essence of integrated education, the most important processes to reflect on before engaging with pupils, and to deductively identify how certain elements contribute to creating the conditions conducive to integrated education and pupils’ successful learning.
Early post-operative anterior segment parameters modifications induced by PreserFlo MicroShunt in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Gambini Gloria , Carlà Matteo Mario , Giannuzzi Federico , Boselli Francesco , Crincoli Emanuele , Caporossi Tomaso , Baldascino Antonio , De Vico Umberto , Savastano Alfonso , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: April 2023

Purpose

The aim this study is to determine anterior chamber parameters variations induced by PreserFlo MicroShunt implantation, in the early post-operative days.

Methods

This is a prospective observational study on 48 eyes undergoing PreserFlo MicroShunt implantation alone (n = 30) or combined with phacoemulsification (n = 18). Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and volume (ACV), central corneal thickness (CCT) and total corneal astigmatism (TCA) were evaluated pre-operatively, post-operatively at day-1 and at 1 week with the Pentacam tomography.

Results

Intraocular pressure decreased significantly from 20.9 ± 4.0 to 8.0 ± 2.8 mmHg (p < 0.0001) and to 10.8 ± 3.7 mmHg (p = 0.0001) at day-1 and week-1, respectively. TCA varied significantly from baseline (1.5 ± 1.2 D) to both day 1 follow up (2.7 ± 1.9 D, p = 0.0003) and week 1 follow up (2.2 ± 1.6 D, p = 0.02). Nevertheless, only K1 showed a transient flattening at day 1, while K2 value didn’t show any statistical variation in the early post-operative period. CCT value rose significantly at day 1 (547 ± 49 vs. 529 ± 32 µm at baseline, p = 0.04), but then returned toward pre-operative values at week 1 (537 ± 39 µm, p = 0.57). In contrast, ACD values changed insignificantly from 3.3 ± 0.9 to 3.7 ± 1.0 mm at day 1 (p = 0.21), and then stabilized at 3.4 ± 0.9 mm (p = 0.82) at week 1 follow up. ACV changed from 150.0 ± 36.2 to 159.5 ± 42.1 mm3 at day 1 (p = 0.58), and successively to 153.9 ± 37.9 mm3 at week 1 follow up (p = 0.96). The subgroup analysis in eyes undergoing standalone PreserFlo implantation didn’t show significant changes in both ACD and ACV.

Conclusion

PreserFlo implantation minimizes the anterior chamber modifications generated by traditional filtering surgery, inducing low and transient corneal and biometric changes only in the very early postoperative period and insignificant changes to ACD and ACV, label of its safety and minimal invasiveness.
A facile impregnation synthesis of Ni-doped TiO2 nanomaterials for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Rajaramanan Tharmakularasa , Velauthapillai Dhayalan , Ravirajan Punniamoorthy , Senthilnanthanan Meena
Published: April 2023

This study reports a facile impregnation method for synthesizing Ni-doped TiO2nanomaterials using P25-TiO2as a starting material. The as prepared nanomaterials were subjected to structural and optical characterizations and subsequently employed in photovoltaic studies. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman studies confirmed that Ni doping did not alter the anatase and rutile contents of P25-TiO2. Also, the presence of the constituent dopants and their ionic states were confirmed by Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies. Topographic Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) images illustrated that Ni doping had increased the surface roughness of the TiO2. Optical characterization by UV-Visible spectroscopy revealed that the Ni doping had caused red shift in light absorption due to reduced TiO2bandgap and improved the dye adsorption on TiO2films. Then, the photocurrent–photovoltage property of the fabricated devices was investigated and the optimized 0.10 wt% Ni-doped TiO2photoanode based device exhibited pronounced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.29% under air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions (100 mWcm−2, 1 sun). Improved charge transport properties were also observed by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) study for the device with optimized Ni-doped TiO2compared to the control device.
Problem Gambling Among Adolescents in Uganda: A Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Anyanwu Michael U. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Griffiths Mark D. , Horváth Zsolt , Czakó Andrea , Bajunirwe Francis , Tamwesigire Imelda
Published: April 2023

In recent years, gambling has evolved and grown substantially with new gambling activities and facilities being introduced, making gambling products and opportunities more available than ever before in Uganda. While the growth of gambling industry is considered to have a beneficial impact on the economy, it is increasingly becoming a social and public health issue especially among a minority of young people who experience problem gambling, which can damage personal, family, vocational, and academic pursuits. The present study estimated the prevalence of problem gambling and identified the socio-demographic, school, environmental and health risks of problem gambling among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality. A total of 921 students from 12 schools were recruited using cluster sampling. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between problem gambling and the socio-demographic, academic, environmental and health variables. Of 905 participants, 362 reported having ever gambled (40%), and 160 were classified as problem gamblers (17.7%; 44.2% among those who had ever gambled). Problem gambling was significantly associated with being male, being non-religious, other religion (African traditional religion), having employment (outside of school), distance to nearest gambling venue, parental gambling, peer gambling, substance use, risky sexual behavior, and psychological distress. The present study found a very high prevalence of problem gambling among Ugandan secondary school students. Therefore, there is need to institute public health measures towards raising awareness, prevention and treatment of problem gambling among Ugandan adolescents.
Policy formation for adult migrant language education in England: national neglect and its implications
Authors: Simpson James , Hunter Ann-Marie
Published: April 2023

This article is about current policy in the coordination of opportunities for adult migrants in England to learn English. People who move to a different country experience a need to learn the dominant language of their new environment, to support their settlement. A willingness to learn the language is a marker of social inclusion from a political perspective too: an insistence that migrants have an obligation to learn and use the language is a recurrent trope in political and media discourse. In the UK, language education for adult migrants focuses on the area of education known as ESOL, English for Speakers of Other Languages. Beyond the rhetoric, policy support for migrants’ learning of English across the UK is inconsistent: there is neither a UK-wide nor an England-specific strategy in policy to support access to ESOL. Where policy exists, it is formed at a local level in the absence of national direction. The aim of this paper is to consider how an important area of adult education appears to have little presence in national policy, and what the implications of this are, for practice. To achieve this, we first follow the trajectory of ESOL policy in England, considering why—despite attempts to address its coordination—there remains a lacuna. Second, we ask what the implications are of this policy gap for ESOL coordination in practice. Analysis of current policy and of interviews with key ESOL stakeholders suggests an enduring condition of fragmentation and lack of coordination to the detriment of students.
Pregnant in a Pandemic: Mental Wellbeing and Associated Healthy Behaviors Among Pregnant People in California During COVID-19
Authors: Phipps Jennifer E. , Whipps Mackenzie D. M. , D’Souza Indira , LaSalle Janine M. , Simmons Leigh Ann
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability to mental health disorders. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased the incidence of depression and anxiety. Thus, we aimed to assess mental health and associated healthy behaviors of pregnant people in California during the pandemic in order to contextualize prenatal well-being during the first pandemic of the twenty-first century.

Methods

We conducted an online cross-sectional study of 433 pregnant people from June 6 through July 29, 2020. We explored 3 hypotheses: (1) mental health would be worse during the pandemic than in general pregnant samples to date; (2) first-time pregnant people would have worse mental health; and (3) healthy behaviors would be positively related to mental health.

Results

Many of our participants (22%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms and 31% reported clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Multiparous pregnant people were more likely to express worries about their own health and wellbeing and the process of childbirth than were primiparous pregnant people. Additionally, as pregnancy advanced, sleep and nutrition worsened, while physical activity increased. Lastly, anxious-depressive symptomology was significantly predictive of participant sleep behaviors, nutrition, and physical activity during the past week.

Discussion

Pregnant people had worse mental health during the pandemic, and this was associated with worse health-promoting behaviors. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic and associated risks are likely to persist due to low vaccination rates and the emergence of variants with high infection rates, care that promotes mental and physical well-being for the pregnant population should be a public health priority.
Body objectified? Phenomenological perspective on patient objectification in teleconsultation
Authors: Grīnfelde Māra
Published: April 2023

The global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic has considerably accelerated the use of teleconsultation (consultation between the patient and the doctor via video platforms). While it has some obvious benefits and drawbacks for both the patient and the doctor, it is important to consider—how teleconsultation impacts the quality of the patient-doctor relationship? I will approach this question through the lens of phenomenology of the body, focusing on the question—what happens to the patient objectification in teleconsultation? To answer this question I will adopt a phenomenological approach combining both insights drawn from the phenomenological tradition, i.e., the concepts of the lived body and the object body, and the results from the phenomenologically informed qualitative research study on the patient experience of teleconsultation. The theoretical background against which I have developed this study comprises discussions within the field of phenomenology of medicine regarding the different sources of patient objectification within clinical encounter and the arguments concerning the negative impact that objectification has on the quality of care. I will argue that a factor that has frequently been identified within phenomenology of medicine as the main source of patient objectification in clinical encounters, namely, the internalized gaze of the clinician, is diminished during teleconsultation, increasing patient’s sense of agency, decreasing her sense of alienation and opening up the possibility for a closer relationship between the patient and the health care provider, all of which lead to the transformation of the hierarchical patient-health care professional relationship.
Wideband SOA fiber-to-fiber gain and saturation output power in the C-band: impact of characteristic parameters
Authors: Beshr Arwa Hassan , Aly Moustafa H.
Published: April 2023

Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOAs) have numerous attractive characteristics; for example: minimum power usage, broadband, flexible wavelength, wide dynamic range and significant nonlinearities. In this study, we present a comprehensive model of output saturation power and fiber-to-fiber gain of wideband SOAs. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of optical confinement factor, bias current, input signal power, temperature, and amplifier length on the fiber-to-fiber gain spectrum in the C-band. The obtained numerical results are approved by comparison with simulation results showing a fair agreement. The results reveal that output saturation power is improved by decreasing the optical confinement factor. Additionally, when input signal power rises, the maximum fiber-to-fiber gain value declines. Furthermore, as the temperature rises, the fiber-to-fiber gain decreases. Moreover, the maximum fiber-to-fiber gain is obtained at shorter amplifier lengths. Additionally, the effect of carrier density on the spectrum of coefficient of material gain is investigated, showing an increase in its value when increasing the carrier density, with a peak near 1550 nm.
Metaphors, religious language and linguistic expressibility
Authors: Hesse Jacob
Published: April 2023

This paper examines different functions of metaphors in religious language. In order to do that it will be analyzed in which ways metaphorical language can be understood as irreducible. First, it will be argued that metaphors communicate more than just propositional contents. They also frame their targets with an imagistic perspective that cannot be reduced to a literal paraphrase. Furthermore, there are also cases where metaphors are used to fill gaps of what can be expressed with literal language. In order to clarify this function of catachresis the notion of de re metaphors will be introduced. With those metaphors we can convey contents that we cannot conceptualize independently from a certain context of utterance. Hence, with such metaphors we can reach beyond the limits of our conceptual repertoire which is a crucial function for religious language. Finally, the consistency and plausibility of the radical position that all assertions about God are irreducibly and necessarily metaphorical if they are supposed to be true will be discussed on the basis of the results of the former considerations about the irreducibility of metaphors.
Comprehensive and multifaceted perspectives on sustainability, urban studies, and entrepreneurship
Authors: Berger Elisabeth S. C. , Blanka Christine
Published: April 2023

While practitioners discuss the phenomena of sustainability, cities, and entrepreneurship, such as living labs and smart cities, alongside sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems at length, researchers tend to reduce the complexity by considering these phenomena from the perspective of one discipline or by merging two research disciplines at best. This study intends to provide guidance on what is required for the emergence of a transdisciplinary research stream of sustainability, urban studies, and entrepreneurship. By applying design science involving practitioners and scientific experts, we designed a relevant and rigorous future research agenda that considered phenomena, research design, and theoretical foundations. Starting from the basis that sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems are promising, the agenda integrates the knowledge base and establishes a multifaceted and comprehensive perspective on sustainable entrepreneurship in cities. Furthermore, implementing the research agenda has strong practical implications for realizing the common vision of a transition that ensures the quality of life on Earth.
The systemic implications of housing affordability for the teacher shortage: the case of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Eacott Scott
Published: April 2023

Legal attendance requirements and national declarations establish a social contract between the State and its citizens for the provision of schooling. Any shortage of teachers compromises the ability of the State to meet its contractable obligations. The sovereignty of the social contract is complex as no single body has ultimate responsibility for housing the teaching workforce, but everyone has a stake in it. Empirically focused on the largest school system in the southern hemisphere, the New South Wales public education system (Australia), this paper demonstrates that 90.8% of teaching positions, over 50,000 full-time equivalent posts, are in Local Government Areas where the median rent and house sales price are severely unaffordable on a top-of-the-scale teacher salary. With the system requiring additional teachers to meet increasing enrolments, and housing costs outstripping salaries, many schools not traditionally considered difficult to staff are becoming, if not already, inaccessible for teachers.
Choice-based Personalization in MOOCs: Impact on Activity and Perceived Value
Authors: Ram Ilana , Harris Sara , Roll Ido
Published: April 2023

Personalization in education describes instruction that is tailored to learners’ interests, attributes, or background and can be applied in various ways, one of which is through choice. In choice-based personalization, learners choose topics or resources that fit them the most. Personalization may be especially important (and under-used) with diverse learners, such as in a MOOC context. We report the impact of choice-based personalization on activity level, learning gains, and satisfaction in a Climate Science MOOC. The MOOC’s learning assignments had learners choose resources on climate-related issues in either their geographic locale (Personalized group) or in given regions (Generic group). 219 learners completed at least one of the two assignments. Over the entire course, personalization increased learners’ activity (number of course events), self-reported understanding of local issues, and self-reported likelihood to change climate-related habits. We found no differences on assignment completion rate, assignment length, and self-reported time-on-task. These results show that benefits of personalization extend beyond the original task and affect learners’ overall experience. We discuss design and implications of choice-based personalization, as well as opportunities for choice-based personalization at scale.
Renal improvement and remission in a patient with refractory ANCA-associated vasculitis treated with avacopan
Authors: Alvarez Luis , Kambham Neeraja , Su Robert
Published: April 2023

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is associated with end-organ damage resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Most recently, avacopan, an orally administered selective antagonist of the C5a receptor, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an adjunctive treatment of adult patients with severe, active ANCA-associated vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis) in combination with standard therapy including glucocorticoids. This case study describes a 58-year-old Asian female with severe ANCA-associated vasculitis and acute renal failure who responded to adjunctive therapy with avacopan despite being refractory to rituximab and glucocorticoid therapy.
A metaheuristic approach to optimal morphology in reconfigurable tiling robots
Authors: Kalimuthu Manivannan , Pathmakumar Thejus , Hayat Abdullah Aamir , Elara Mohan Rajesh , Wood Kristin Lee
Published: April 2023

Reconfigurable robots are suitable for cleaning applications due to their high flexibility and ability to change shape according to environmental needs. However, continuous change in morphology is not an energy-efficient approach, with the limited battery capacity. This paper presents a metaheuristic-based framework to identify the optimal morphology of a reconfigurable robot, aiming to maximize the area coverage and minimize the energy consumption in the given map. The proposed approach exploits three different metaheuristic algorithms, namely, SMPSO, NSGA-II, and MACO, to generate the optimal morphology for every unique layout of a two-dimensional grid map by considering the path-length as the energy consumption. The novel feature of our approach is the implementation of the footprint-based Complete Coverage Path Planning (CCPP) adaptable for all possible configurations of reconfigurable robots. We demonstrate the proposed method in simulations and experiments using a Tetris-inspired robot with four blocks namedSmorphi, which can reconfigure into an infinite number of configurations by varying its hinge angle. The optimum morphologies were identified for three settings, i.e., 2D indoor map with obstacles and free spaces. The optimum morphology is compared with the standard Tetris shapes in the simulation and the real-world experiment. The results show that the proposed framework efficiently produces non-dominated solutions for choosing the optimal energy-efficient morphologies.
Novel Hollow Re-entrant Structures Improving Hydrophobicity of Metal Surfaces
Authors: Zou Zhaoqiang , Xu Jinkai , Ren Wanfei
Published: April 2023

Re-entrant structures have drawn increasing attention because of their hydrophobicity. However, it is very difficult to manufacture re-entrant structures at the micron scale on metal surfaces. In this study, we designed and manufactured novel hollow re-entrant structures employing laser ablation and electrodeposition technology. This designed hollow re-entrant structure on metal surfaces has been fabricated successfully, which has high processing efficiency and good repeatability. The morphology and size of the hollow re-entrant structures were characterized. We found that the hydrophobic performance of hollow re-entrant structures was improved after being in the atmosphere for 3 days. After electrodeposition, the static contact angle was 133°. However, after being placed in the atmosphere for 3 days, the static contact angle was 140.4°, which is 5.2% higher than that after electrochemical deposition. We explained the cause of this phenomenon. The change of element content on the surface of hollow re-entrant structures was used to indicate the formation of metal oxide. After being in the atmosphere for 3 days, oxygen content increased by 0.4%. The metal surfaces with hollow re-entrant structures have a broader application prospect.
In Hoc Signo Vinces—an Exploratory Study on the Impact of Religion on Violence in Sport
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Guarino Massimo , Rotondo Francesca
Published: April 2023

Does religion continue to spur violence even in contemporary times? This work aims to shed some light on the relationship between belonging to a given religion and violent behavior. Whereas religions often preach love and caring for others (meaning that among believers, a decrease in the level of violence may be registered), at the same time, it could be argued that a religious sense of belonging shapes self-identity and that in challenging situations this increases violence, especially towards foreigners. To test this hypothesis, we gathered data about yellow and red cards from the FIFA World Cup, obtaining a dataset of quasi-experimental data on violence, which we integrated with the Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project. Via a quantitative analysis that employs different estimators, our results show that the more Christians there are in a country, the more violent its national team will be, whereas the more Buddhists there are, the less violent the team will be. No significant relationship is found with regard to Jews or Muslims. Finally, when investigating Christian confessions, Eastern Christians appear to show the most violent behavior.
Assessment of Wind Energy based on Optimal Weibull Parameters Estimation using Bald Eagle Search Algorithm: Case Studies from Egypt
Authors: Abou El-Ela Adel A. , El-Sehiemy Ragab A. , Shaheen Abdullah M. , Shalaby Ayman S.
Published: April 2023

As the wind speed is intermittent and unpredictable, statistical distribution approaches have been used to describe wind dates. The Weibull distribution with two parameters is thought to be the most accurate way for modeling wind data. This study seeks wind energy assessment via searching for optimal parameter estimation of the Weibull distribution. For this target, several analytical and heuristic methods are investigated. The analytical methods such as maximum likelihood method, moment method, energy pattern factor method (EPFM), and empirical method (EM) are used to find these optimal parameters. Also, these parameters are obtained by four heuristic optimization algorithms called particle swarm, crow search, aquila optimizer, and bald eagle search optimizers. The simulation results of analytical and heuristics are assessed together to identify the best probability density function (PDF) of wind data. In addition, these competitive models are submitted to find the most appropriate model to represent wind energy production. In all methods, the error between actual and estimated wind energy density is computed as the target fitness function. The simulation tests are carried out based on per year real data that are collected from Zafaranah and Shark El-Ouinate sites in Egypt. Also, different indicators of fitness properties are assessed such as the root mean square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and wind production deviation (WPD). The simulation results declare that the proposed bald eagle search optimization algorithm offers greater accuracy than other analytical and heuristic algorithms in estimating the Weibull parameters. Besides, statistical analysis of the compared methods demonstrates the high stability of the BES algorithm. Moreover, the BES algorithm presents the fastest convergence compared to the others. Furthermore, different models are analyzed to deduce the nonlinear relationship between the wind output power and the regarding speed where the error of wind energy density between actual and estimated is greatly minimized using the cubic model at least values of statistical indicators.
Implicit Feedback Awareness for Session Based Recommendation in E-Commerce
Authors: Esmeli Ramazan , Bader-El-Den Mohamed , Abdullahi Hassana , Henderson David
Published: April 2023

Information overload is a challenge in e-commerce platforms. E-shoppers may have difficulty selecting the best product from the available options. Recommender systems (RS) can filter relevant products according to user’s preferences, interest or observed user behaviours while they browse products on e-commerce platforms. However, collecting users’ explicit preferences for the products on these platforms is a difficult process since buyers prefer to rate the products after they use them rather than while they are looking for products. Therefore, to generate next product recommendations in the e-commerce domain, mostly shoppers’ click behaviour is taken into consideration. Shoppers could indicate their interest in the products in different ways. Spending more time on a product could imply a different level of user interest than skipping quickly the product or adding basket behaviour could show more intense interest than just browsing. In this study, we investigate the effect of applying the generated explicit ratings on RS by implementing a framework that maps users’ implicit feedback into explicit ratings in the e-commerce domain. We conduct computational experiments on well-known RS algorithms using two datasets containing mapped explicit ratings. The results of the experimental analysis indicate that incorporating calculated explicit ratings from users’ implicit feedback can help RS models perform better. The results suggest that there is more performance gap between using implicit and explicit ratings when factorisation machine RS model is used.
Present and Future Changes in Land‐Atmosphere Coupling of Water and Energy Over Extratropical Forest Regions
Authors: Zhu Qing , Riley William , Tang Jinyun , Burrows Susannah , Harrop Bryce , Shi Xiaoying , Yang Xiaojuan , Maltrud Mathew , Calvin Katherine
Published: April 2023

Couplings between land and the near surface atmosphere are modulated by interactions between soil conditions, vegetation dynamics, turbulent fluxes, and atmospheric properties. How the land‐atmosphere coupling responds to warming and elevated CO2 are important for understanding the land surface carbon, energy, and water cycles. In this work, we documented this coupled land‐atmosphere network based on observations and the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) simulations over extratropical forest ecosystems. We employed a transfer entropy approach and novel network metrics to reveal patterns and strength of the land‐atmosphere coupling under historical conditions and a future high emission scenario (SSP585). We found that, in observations, the present‐day extratropical forest coupling network has high network connectivity (72%–88% of the targeted processes are coupled). E3SM reasonably captured the extratropical forest coupling network (modeled network connectivity was 81%–96%) and predicted that the coupling strength would significantly increase by 28% (±3%) under warming and elevated CO2 conditions. Furthermore, E3SM factorial coupled experiments suggested that warming enhanced soil nitrogen mineralization favoring plant nitrogen uptake and vegetation growth were responsible for the strengthening future land‐atmosphere coupling. This work provides new metrics to analyze and document complex couplings for coupled earth system processes and highlights the important roles soil nutrient availability and biogeochemistry have on land‐atmosphere coupling.
A Century Ammonium Record Retrieved From the Central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Cheng , Tian Lide , Cai Zhongyin , Shao Lili , Huang Ju
Published: April 2023

The limited observations pose challenges to understanding long‐term variations of atmospheric ammonium () deposition. Glaciers on the margins of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) adjacent to heavily populated regions can capture and preserve unique records of natural and anthropogenic ammonium aerosol. However, relatively little has been known about spatiotemporal variations and anthropogenic influences on ammonium deposition on the central TP. Here, we present a high‐resolution ammonium record spanning the period 1900–2011, reconstructed from the Qiangtang (QT) ice core on the central TP. Empirical orthogonal function and interspecies correlation analysis reveal that has a source and/or transport route that differs from the dust species, especially after the 1950s. The QT ammonium record is also likely influenced by temperature‐dependent biogenic emissions from northwestern South Asia. Comparison with other ice core records shows that intensified anthropogenic emissions have caused a widespread increase in ammonium records in the inner TP after the 1950s. Furthermore, the significant positive relationship with the December–April Arctic Oscillation (AO) suggests that enhanced westerlies during the positive AO phase transport aerosol more efficiently to the QT. As a result, the decrease in ammonium concentrations after 1990, when anthropogenic emissions were still increasing, could be attributed to the weakening of westerlies associated with the transitioning of the AO phase from positive to negative. Our results may enhance the understanding of the influence of the westerlies on the transport of atmospheric pollutants to the central TP.
Buried Ice Deposits in Lunar Polar Cold Traps Were Disrupted by Ballistic Sedimentation
Authors: Tai Udovicic C. J. , Frizzell K. R. , Kodikara G. R. L. , Kopp M. , Luchsinger K. M. , Madera A. , Meier M. L. , Paladino T. G. , Patterson R. V. , Wroblewski F. B. , Kring D. A.
Published: April 2023

The NASA Artemis program will send humans to the lunar south polar region, in part to investigate the availability of water ice and other in situ resources. While trace amounts of ice have been detected at the surface of polar permanently shadowed regions (PSRs), recent studies suggest that large ice deposits could be stable below cold traps in the PSRs over geologic time. A recent study modeling the rate of ice delivery, ejecta deposition and ice loss from cold traps predicted that gigatons of ice could be buried below 100s of meters of crater ejecta and regolith. However, crater ejecta vigorously mix the target on impact through ballistic sedimentation, which may disrupt buried ice deposits. Here, we developed a thermal model to predict ice stability during ballistic sedimentation events. We then modeled cold trap ice and ejecta stratigraphy over geologic time using Monte Carlo methods. We found that ballistic sedimentation disrupted large ice deposits in most cases, dispersing them into smaller layers. Ice retention decreased in most cases, but varied significantly with the sequence of ejecta delivery, particularly from basin‐forming events. Over many model runs, we found that south polar craters Amundsen, Cabeus, and Cabeus B were most likely to retain large deposits of ice at depths up to 100 m, shallow enough to be detectable with ground‐penetrating radar. We discuss these findings in the context of the imminent human exploration activities at the lunar south pole.
Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Tomography by Combination of Ground‐Based and Space‐Borne GNSS Data
Authors: Mei Dengkui , Ren Xiaodong , Liu Hang , Le Xuan , Xiong Si , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: April 2023

The inhomogeneous distribution of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is a significant problem for global GNSS computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT). By combining ground‐based GNSS data from 460 global stations with space‐borne GNSS data onboard eleven Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) satellites, we employed the EOF (empirical orthogonal function)‐based multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (EMART) to reconstruct the global ionospheric electron densities. In comparison with GNSS + LEO (EMART_GL) solutions, the proportion of crossed voxels for GNSS‐only (EMART_G) solutions can rise by up to 12.54%, from 56.83% to 69.37%. Validation experiments were conducted under quiet and disturbed conditions using GNSS slant total electron content (STEC) references that were not previously used in ionospheric tomography. The EMART_GL solutions outperformed the EMART_G solutions when compared to the STEC references under quiet and disturbed conditions. The root mean square values of the CIT‐derived STEC for the EMART_G solutions can be decreased by 31.3% and 30.3% on average under quiet and disturbed conditions, respectively. The vertical TEC references from the Jason‐2 satellite were also used for validation over the ocean areas. Due to insufficient data over the ocean areas, the EMART_GL solutions showed no significant improvements. The reconstructed 3D IEDs were further validated with the COSMIC electron density profiles. Generally, the tomographic results of the EMART_GL solutions were more consistent with the COSMIC profiles when compared to those of the EMART_G solutions and the NeQuick‐2 model. It demonstrates that it is beneficial for global ionospheric tomography by combining ground‐based and space‐borne data.
Rhythms of the Earth—Editorial Introduction
Authors: Kassam Karim‐Aly S. , Ruelle Morgan , Dunn Christopher P. , Pandya Raj , Wyndham Felice
Published: April 2023

This special issue of GeoHealth, entitled Rhythms of the Earth: Ecological Calendars and Anticipating the Anthropogenic Climate Crisis, is a transdisciplinary articulation of a methodology of hope to confront the multiple injustices of the Anthropocene. One of the greatest challenges of the climate crisis is the lack of predictability at the scale of communities where impacts are most immediate. Indigenous and rural societies face an ever shifting “new normal” through increasing inconsistency in the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, as well as greater frequency of extreme weather events. With global food systems dependent on local and small producers, climatic variability disrupts access to affordable, nutritious, and culturally relevant food. Ecological calendars are context‐specific knowledge systems grounded in a particular cultural milieu and ecological space, that build anticipatory capacity for seasonal change. They measure and give meaning to time. Based on close observation of one's habitat, human societies have used such calendars for hundreds of years and potentially millennia. By engaging with the interactions among physical phenomena (such as the first snowfall or last frost) and biological events (such as blossoming of specific trees, arrival of migratory birds or mammals, appearance of plants or insects), human societies have been able to identify optimal time windows for their livelihood activities. The 11 research articles in Rhythms of the Earth cover a considerable geographical breadth from Africa to the Arctic; and, from North and South America to Central Asia. They provide evidence that spans millennia from the Roman Empire to the contemporary Anthropocene.
The 2021 Ms 6.0 Luxian (China) Earthquake: Blind Reverse‐Fault Rupture in Deep Sedimentary Formations Likely Induced by Pressure Perturbation From Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhao Yingwen , Jiang Guoyan , Lei Xinglin , Xu Caijun , Zhao Bin , Qiao Xuejun
Published: April 2023

To resolve the occurrence mechanism of the Luxian earthquake occurred near an active hydraulic fracturing well pad on 15 September 2021, we first use seismic waveforms to invert the focal mechanism solution and centroid depth, and then utilize Sentinel‐1 Synthetic Aperture Radar images and Global Navigation Satellite System observations to determine the seismogenic fault and slip distribution. Our results show that the Luxian event ruptured a previously‐unmapped southwest‐dipping reverse fault intersecting with one horizontal well of the well pad. Major slip occurred below the shale gas bed (∼4 km deep) but above the crystalline basement (∼7 km deep). Further analyses on preseismic surface deformation initiated in the northeast of the event reveal that pore pressure near the hypocenter was increased by ∼4.5 MPa. Consequently, fracking fluid injected through the horizontal well and other wells of nearby pads likely flowed directly into the fault zones and prompted the occurrence of the Luxian earthquake.
Venusian Ionosphere During Deep Solar Minima: Some New Insights Using Akatsuki Radio Science Experiment
Authors: Tripathi Keshav R. , Choudhary R. K. , Ambili K. M. , Imamura T.
Published: April 2023

The characteristic features of different layers in the Venus ionosphere during the deep solar minimum of the solar cycle 24 have been studied using a radio science experiment onboard the Akatsuki spacecraft. Radio signals from the spacecraft were tracked at the Indian deep space network, Bangalore; Usuda Deep Space Center, Japan; and DLR Ground station, Weilheim, Germany. The orbital geometry of the spacecraft provides rare opportunities to probe the Venusian ionosphere and atmosphere in the equatorial region at low solar zenith angles (SZAs). The height of the peak plasma density of the V2 layer (∼141 km) was seen to remain almost constant for the SZA ≤ 90° while the peak density was the least among the published results. Features of the V1 layer (∼125 km) agree well with the Venus Express radio occultation measurements. All three types of V1 layers were observed in Akatsuki observations. The V0 layer (∼110 km) was observed in about 15% of cases and was seen to occur irrespective of SZA and geographical constraints. Nighttime occurrence of the ionosphere was very limited despite regular observations.
A novel patient-derived 3D model recapitulates mantle cell lymphoma lymph node signaling, immune profile and in vivo ibrutinib responses
Authors: Araujo-Ayala Ferran , Dobaño-López Cèlia , Valero Juan García , Nadeu Ferran , Gava Fabien , Faria Carla , Norlund Marine , Morin Renaud , Bernes-Lasserre Pascale , Serrat Neus , Playa-Albinyana Heribert , Giménez Rubén , Campo Elías , Lagarde Jean-Michel , López-Guillermo Armando , Gine Eva , Colomer Dolors , Bezombes Christine , Pérez-Galán Patricia
Published: April 2023

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mainly develops in the lymph node (LN) and creates a protective and immunosuppressive niche that facilitates tumor survival, proliferation and chemoresistance. To capture disease heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) cues, we have developed the first patient-derived MCL spheroids (MCL-PDLS) that recapitulate tumor oncogenic pathways and immune microenvironment in a multiplexed system that allows easy drug screening, including immunotherapies. MCL spheroids, integrated by tumor B cells, monocytes and autologous T-cells self-organize in disc-shaped structures, where B and T-cells maintain viability and proliferate, and monocytes differentiate into M2-like macrophages. RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that tumor cells recapitulate hallmarks of MCL-LN (proliferation, NF-kB and BCR), with T cells exhibiting an exhaustion profile (PD1, TIM-3 and TIGIT). MCL-PDLS reproduces in vivo responses to ibrutinib and demonstrates that combination of ibrutinib with nivolumab (anti-PD1) may be effective in ibrutinib-resistant cases by engaging an immune response with increased interferon gamma and granzyme B release. In conclusion, MCL-PDLS recapitulates specific MCL-LN features and in vivo responses to ibrutinib, representing a robust tool to study MCL interaction with the immune TME and to perform drug screening in a patient-derived system, advancing toward personalized therapeutic approaches.
Pharmacologic targeting of Nedd8-activating enzyme reinvigorates T-cell responses in lymphoid neoplasia
Authors: Wang Xiaoguang , Chen Canping , Vuong Dan , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Sonia , Lam Vi , Roleder Carly , Wang Jing H. , Thiruvengadam Swetha Kambhampati , Berger Allison , Pennock Nathan , Torka Pallawi , Hernandez-Ilizaliturri Francisco , Siddiqi Tanya , Wang Lili , Xia Zheng , Danilov Alexey V.
Published: April 2023

Neddylation is a sequential enzyme-based process which regulates the function of E3 Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) and thus degradation of substrate proteins. Here we show that CD8+ T cells are a direct target for therapeutically relevant anti-lymphoma activity of pevonedistat, a Nedd8-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor. Pevonedistat-treated patient-derived CD8+ T cells upregulated TNFα and IFNγ and exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity. Pevonedistat induced CD8+ T-cell inflamed microenvironment and delayed tumor progression in A20 syngeneic lymphoma model. This anti-tumor effect lessened when CD8+ T cells lost the ability to engage tumors through MHC class I interactions, achieved either through CD8+ T-cell depletion or genetic knockout of B2M. Meanwhile, loss of UBE2M in tumor did not alter efficacy of pevonedistat. Concurrent blockade of NAE and PD-1 led to enhanced tumor immune infiltration, T-cell activation and chemokine expression and synergistically restricted tumor growth. shRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α, a CRL substrate, abrogated the in vitro effects of pevonedistat, suggesting that NAE inhibition modulates T-cell function in HIF-1α-dependent manner. scRNA-Seq-based clinical analyses in lymphoma patients receiving pevonedistat therapy demonstrated upregulation of interferon response signatures in immune cells. Thus, targeting NAE enhances the inflammatory T-cell state, providing rationale for checkpoint blockade-based combination therapy.
Light People: Professor Cheng-Wei Qiu
Authors: Sun Tingting
Published: April 2023

Editorial

“Mind-controlled information transmission” is one of human’s ultimate fantasies for the development of science and technology. On June 11, 2022, eLight Journal simultaneously published two research papers on brainwave-based metasurfaces, and proposed a new concept of metasurface controlled by mind for the first time in the world. This major scientific breakthrough rushed up to the hot search list of public media. It was read more than ten million times, and the related video has been played 600,000 times, which aroused the audience’s strong interest and discussion, and really made a significant leap toward “mind control”. We are greatly honored to invite Prof. Cheng-Wei Qiu from National University of Singapore, the corresponding author of both above-mentioned articles and the co-Editor-in-Chief of eLight Journal, to have an exclusive interview. Prof. Cheng-Wei Qiu showed us the profound interpretation of his research works and shared his unique insights on journal development and talent cultivation.