bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Waveform sensitivity of electroreceptors in the pulse weakly electric fish Gymnotus omarorum
Authors: Rodríguez-Cattaneo Alejo , Aguilera Pedro A. , Caputi Angel A.
Published: February 2017

As in most sensory systems electrosensory images in weakly electric fish are encoded in two parallel pathways, fast and slow. From the work on wave type electric fish these pathways are thought to encode the time and amplitude of electrosensory signals respectively. This article focuses on the primary afferents giving origin to the slow path of the pulse type weakly electric fish Gymnotus omarorum. We found that burst duration coders respond with a high-frequency train of spikes to each electric organ discharge. They also show high sensitivity to phase-frequency distortions of the self-generated local electric field. We explored this sensitivity by manipulating the longitudinal impedance of a probe cylinder to modulate the stimulus waveform, while extracellularly recording isolated primary afferents. Resistive loads only affect the amplitude of the re-afferent signals without distorting the waveform. Capacitive loads cause large waveform distortions aside from amplitude changes. Stepping from a resistive to a capacitive load in such a way that the stimulus waveform was distorted, without changing its total energy, caused strong changes in latency, inter-spike interval and number of spikes of primary afferents responses. These burst parameters are well correlated suggesting that they may contribute synergistically in driving downstream neurons. This correlation also suggests that each receptor encodes a single parameter in the stimulus waveform. The finding of waveform distortion sensitivity is relevant because it may contribute to: a) enhance electroreceptive range in the peripheral “electrosensory field”, b) a better identification of living preys at the “foveal electrosensory field” and c) to detect the presence and orientation of conspecifics. Our results also suggest a revision of the classical view of amplitude and time encoding by fast and slow pathways in pulse type electric fish.
Widely Tunable Plasmon Resonances from Visible to Near-Infrared of Hollow Silver Nanoshells
Authors: Kado Shinpei , Yokomine Shoichi , Kimura Keiichi
Published: February 2017

Tuning of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanostructures has attracted a great deal of interest, and the controlled syntheses of them have been extensively studied for fine tuning of their LSPR. In this paper, we report widely tunable LSPR from visible to near-infrared of hollow silver nanoshells synthesized by reduction of silver thiocyanate. The silver nanoshell exhibits size- and thickness-dependent LSPR for symmetric dipole mode from visible to near-infrared regions, while the antisymmetric dipole resonance is not changed. By combining characterization of the nanoshells by transmission electron microscopy and theoretical simulation based on discrete dipole approximation, we reveal that the LSPRs are controlled by the size and shell thickness of the nanoshells and also that dimples on the shell surfaces would significantly affect the LSPRs of symmetric dipole, and quadrupole mode for larger nanoshells.
σ-CAM Mechanisms for the Hydrogenation of Alkenes by cis- and trans-Disilametallacyclic Carbonyl Complexes (M = Fe, Ru, Os): Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Hoshi Konoka , Tahara Atsushi , Sunada Yusuke , Tsutsumi Hironori , Inoue Ryoko , Tanaka Hiromasa , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nagashima Hideo
Published: February 2017

The hydrogenation of alkenes catalyzed by disilametallacyclic carbonyl complexes of iron, ruthenium or osmium was studied experimentally and theoretically. The disilaruthenacycle 2 with two CO ligands in the trans-configuration was prepared, characterized, and its ability to catalyze hydrogenation was studied. Similar to the corresponding iron analogue 1 in which the CO ligands are in the cis-configuration, 2 contains a H2MSi4 core with Si⋯H⋯Si SISHA (secondary interaction of silicon and hydrogen atoms) and catalyzed the hydrogenation of several alkenes under mild conditions. DFT calculations of 1 and 2 with cis- and trans-CO configurations (cis-1, trans-1, cis-2 and trans-2) revealed that the mechanism of ethylene hydrogenation comprises three catalytic cycles, and a key step involves the H-H bond of H2 being activated by an M-Si bond through oxidative hydrogen migration. These mechanisms are a variety of σ-CAM (σ-complex-assisted metathesis) mechanisms. Further calculations suggest that these catalytic cycles can apply to the catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene by osmium analogues of 1 and 2 (cis-3 and trans-3). Some of the elementary reactions in the cycles are dependent on the metal, and the osmium complexes show different performance from the iron and ruthenium analogues due to the characteristic natures of the third-row transition metals.
Understanding in-line probing experiments by modeling cleavage of nonreactive RNA nucleotides
Authors: Mlýnský Vojtěch , Bussi Giovanni
Published: February 2017

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is involved in many regulatory and catalytic processes in the cell. The function of any RNA molecule is intimately related with its structure. In-line probing experiments provide valuable structural data sets for a variety of RNAs and are used to characterize conformational changes in riboswitches. However, the structural determinants that lead to differential reactivities in unpaired nucleotides have not been investigated yet. In this work, we used a combination of theoretical approaches, i.e., classical molecular dynamics simulations, multiscale quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical calculations, and enhanced sampling techniques in order to compute and interpret the differential reactivity of individual residues in several RNA motifs, including members of the most important GNRA and UNCG tetraloop families. Simulations on the multinanosecond timescale are required to converge the related free-energy landscapes. The results for uGAAAg and cUUCGg tetraloops and double helices are compared with available data from in-line probing experiments and show that the introduced technique is able to distinguish between nucleotides of the uGAAAg tetraloop based on their structural predispositions toward phosphodiester backbone cleavage. For the cUUCGg tetraloop, more advanced ab initio calculations would be required. This study is the first attempt to computationally classify chemical probing experiments and paves the way for an identification of tertiary structures based on the measured reactivity of nonreactive nucleotides.
Bond Risk Premia and Gaussian Term Structure Models
Authors: Feunou Bruno , Fontaine Jean-Sébastien
Published: February 2017

Existing results show that (i) lagged forward rates help predict bond returns and (ii) modern Markovian dynamic term structure models (DTSMs) cannot match the evidence [Cochrane JH, Piazzesi M (2005) Bond risk premia. Amer. Econom. Rev. 95(1):138–160]. We develop the family of conditional mean DTSMs where the dynamics depend on current yields and their history through a moving-average component. Our preferred conditional mean model combines one moving average with the usual three Gaussian risk factors, closely matches the bond risk premium measured from predictive regressions, and provides better forecasts of bond returns. Our framework nests Duffee’s models with a small “hidden” factor [Duffee G (2011) Information in (and not in) the term structure. Rev. Financial Stud. 24(9):2895–2934], and our results compare favorably with his five-factor model. Conditional mean models are easier to estimate than state-space term structure models based on Kalman estimates of latent factors.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2602 .

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Truck Scheduling in the Postal Service Industry
Authors: Boysen Nils , Fedtke Stefan , Weidinger Felix
Published: February 2017

The distribution networks of the postal service industry are organized according to the hub-and-spoke paradigm, so that parcel distribution centers play a crucial role to consolidate the parcel flows to full truckloads. In these terminals, inbound trucks are unloaded at gates, shipments are identified, sorted by the central sortation conveyor system, and loaded into outbound trailers, in which they are moved toward their next destination. In this context, the scheduling of inbound trucks, which assigns a gate and a processing interval to each truck, is an essential operational decision problem. We formalize the resulting optimization problem and provide suited solution procedures. Furthermore, we test the impact of truck scheduling on the sortation performance of the central conveyor system with the help of a comprehensive terminal simulation.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0722 .
Discourses supporting socio-economic inequality in Kenya, Mexico and the United Kingdom
Authors: Barford Anna
Published: February 2017

Socio-economic inequalities are often studied at the country or local level, which offers insight into local dynamics and perceptions. This article considers discourses of inequality within and between countries, enabling a consideration of the web of connections between places and ideas. The three studied countries are spread along a continuum, with varying national wealth and diverse regional locations: Kenya, Mexico and the United Kingdom. This international comparative approach identifies some key discursive ways of supporting inequality that persist in diverse neo-liberal settings. Specific discursive devices include the focus on personal aspirations, opportunities, denial of problems, discrediting alternatives and framing inequality as being natural.
Mobility and household forms as adaptive strategies of rural populations
Authors: Camarero Luis , Oliva Jesús
Published: February 2017

Social and territorial inequalities take on new dimensions in times of economic recession. The impact of the crisis on policies aimed at achieving equity in access to opportunities and the provision of public services has been particularly acute in rural areas of Southern Europe. This article analyses the role that mobility, household composition and family networks play in the strategies that social groups use when facing such periods of uncertainty. We first analyse the changes in the forms of rural governance and in policies aimed at rural territories and societies. Second, we look at the role that mobility and rural households have historically played in strategies of resistance in times of crisis. The plasticity that family and household forms offer in shaping relations of intergenerational solidarity – caring for dependents, material assistance, etc. – is an essential resource in these strategies. These issues are illustrated with examples from fieldwork carried out in the Pyrenees in the region of Navarre. In contrast to the traditional equivalence assumed between the family as a kinship group, the home as a domestic partnership and the household as a space of single residency, our analysis sees them as independent. Our research shows that, in the adaptive strategies of family groups, mobility, networks between homes and the advantages of territorial localization play an essential role.
Trends in income inequality: Comparing the United States and Portugal
Authors: Cantante Frederico
Published: February 2017

This article presents a comparative analysis of the United States and Portugal in terms of economic inequality from the early twentieth century to the present decade. We use different measures of inequality from several statistical sources. The article revolves around three complementary points. The first is a synchronic and diachronic analysis of economic inequalities Portugal and the United States, the second is the issue of redistribution of income and the final analysis addresses the evolution of top incomes in both countries.
Who are you calling sub/urban? Socio-spatial inequality and mobility in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area
Authors: Santos Sofia
Published: February 2017

This article addresses the socio-territorial heterogeneity of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) and its relationship with different types of mobility. We first use the 2011 Census to interpret the socio-demographic diversity of the LMA. We employ multivariate analysis to identify differentiating dimensions that distinguish between metropolitan parishes and use them to define groups. We then describe the mobility patterns of employees and students by constructing another typology of parishes (cluster analysis). Finally, we cross-reference the two typologies – socio-territorial and mobility – to show how space and society interact in the production of mobility in the LMA. The different patterns of mobility in the LMA are considered both a result and a reproduction factor of inequality in access to the metropolitan space.
New elements for an analysis on the dynamics of the classroom in secondary education
Authors: Ferreira Nuno
Published: February 2017

The importance of the impact of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) on society and the everyday life of social actors has allowed sociological analysis to extend its grasp far beyond the obvious features of the network society. Since the incidence of these phenomena intersects with ways of communicating and accessing information, it becomes increasingly reasonable to consider a series of changes and reconfigurations within teaching contexts and, essentially, the educational relationship. The analysis of the secondary classroom must take these emerging realities into account and combine them with existing models. This article proposes widening the sociological debate around school changes, contributing with new analytical features concerning classroom ethnography.
Book reviews
Authors: Ferreira David , Mushtaq Sabah
Published: February 2017

The EU and the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Strategies, Policies, Actions, S. Blavoukos, D. Bourantonis and C. Portela (eds) (2015) London: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN: 9781137378439, h/bk, 264 pp., £68

State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945–2011, P. A. C. Koistinen (2012) Lawrence: University Press of Kansas ISBN: 9780700618743, h/bk, 320 pp., £38.95
Spatial Assessment of Groundwater Quality with Special Reference to Nitrate Pollution in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh State, India using Geographical Information System
Authors: Khan Rubia , Jhariya D.C.
Published: February 2017

Groundwater quality is one of the most important aspects for sustainable development of social and economic life. In present study, 41 groundwater samples were collected systematically during the pre-monsoon (May 2015) and post-monsoon (December 2015) periods. Nine parameters, i.e. EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, NO3, SO4, HCO3 and Cl were analyzed in the laboratory adapting a standard protocol of APHA, 1995. The analyzed samples were compared with BIS and WHO standard for drinking purpose and spatial distribution map was prepared using Arc GIS Software. In present study, it is found that Ca, Mg, K and NO3 are above permissible limit and SO4 is above an acceptable limits according to BIS standard. Present study reflecting that main causes of groundwater pollution in study area are anthropogenic activities.
The risk factors and outcome of early identified acute kidney injury among critically ill obstetric patients
Authors: Abd El-Hafez1 Amal , Mahjoub Asmaa , Ahmad Eman
Published: February 2017

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most challenging and serious complications of pregnancy and postpartum period that facing critical care nurses in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Having a uniform standard for identifying and classifying AKI would enhance critical care nurses’ ability to recognize these patients and leading to better outcomes.Objective: This work aimed to explore the risk factors and outcome of early identified acute kidney injury of critically obstetric patients in Obstetric ICU. Design. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used in this study. Participants: A total sample of 338 women admitted to Obstetric ICU at Woman Health Hospital, Assiut City, Egypt. Method: Three tools were used.Tool I was developed by the researcher and included demographic and obstetric history, lab parameters, complications and outcomes arising from AKI. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score as tool II to determine the extent of a patient's organ function or rate of failure. Measurement of serum creatinine and urine output were used to early identify AKI stages according to Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) Criteria (tool III). Results: The prevalence of AKI among obstetric patients admitted to obstetric ICU was 10.1%; of them 52.9% needed renal replacement therapy and the mortality rate was 29.4%. Postpartum hemorrhage was the most common cause of AKI and its prevalence was 41.2%. It was also found that 74.5% of AKI patients developed complications. Conclusion: AKI complicated 10.1% of total admitted women to the OICU in the studied period. Postpartum hemorrhage represents the most prevalent risk factors with a highly significant SOFA score compared to other risk factors as sever preeclampsia, eclampsia, HEELP & APH with acute fatty liver.
Management outcome of obstructed kidney disease due to stones: experience from Gezira hospital for renal disease and surgery, Sudan
Authors: Fadol Nadir I A , Mohammed Mohmmed E , Taha Sami M , Gismalla Mohamed D Awadalla
Published: February 2017

Background: Obstructive nephropathy which caused by stones is a burden problem in developing countries associated with late presentation and a lot of complications.Objective: This study was done to evaluate the outcome of management of obstructed kidney due to stones at Gezira hospital for renal disease & surgery.Material and Methods: This is prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study. All patients who presented with obstructed kidneys and fulfill the criteria were included. Constructed flow chart was used to collect data. Then data was analyzed to detect the dependent & independent variable. Relation with P-value <0.05 are considered significantly.Result: 140 patients are included. Duration of Presenting symptoms was 9 weeks or more in 99 patients, 5-8 weeks in 11 patients, 2-4 weeks in 6 patients, and less than two weeks in 30 patients. It is strongly related to post-intervention serum creatinine (P-value =0.009).Common site of stone is ureter (58 patients) and renal pelvis (54 patients) significantly associated with recovery (P-value 0.009). An urgent intervention was done to 69 patients. Definitive treatments were Open surgery, endoscopic procedure (URS), or both with rate 65(46.4%), 57 (40.7%), and 10(7.2%) respectively. In 5.7% (n= 8 patients) endoscopic procedure (URS) was failed. Postoperative follow up (after 6 weeks or after removal of stent) 95.7 % (n=134 patients) were free from symptoms, and there were no clinical signs in all patients post intervention.Conclusion: late presentation and site of obstructed kidney stone can predict the complication and affect the outcome.
Public-private partnerships, accountability, and competition: Theory versus reality in the charter schools of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Edwards Jr. D. Brent , DeMatthews David , Hartley Hilary
Published: February 2017

While charter schools are among the most prevalent public-private partnerships in the education sector, they are frequently only assessed by measuring outputs such as enrollment and test scores. In contrast, this article assesses the logic model behind charter schools, specifically the mechanisms of accountability and competition, through a study of the Concession Schools in Bogotá, Colombia, using a realist evaluation methodology. Despite the program’s success in increasing access in marginalized areas, findings indicate that accountability and competition were hindered in practice—because of insufficient choice for parents and other unique organizational and political factors. For example, particular issues emerged that influenced the availability of viable charter operators to open and manage schools while political orientations, political shifts, and evaluation design issues affected the charter authorizer’s ability to monitor, assess, and hold charters accountable. Successfully operationalizing public-private partnerships requires that the mechanisms underlying each link in the policy theory are carefully designed and supported, that they directly connect, and that the functioning of one does not adversely impact the others—a difficult task given the dynamic and sensitive nature of such mechanisms and the imperfect world of educational reform. The article concludes by reflecting on a number of issues, including charter school exit from the market, the need for accountability of charter authorizers themselves, the increasing political clout of charter management organizations and their allies, and the ways that these actors circumvent or avoid public accountability.
Linking TIMSS and NAEP assessments to evaluate international trends in achievement
Authors: Lim Hwanggyu , Sireci Stephen G.
Published: February 2017

The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) makes it possible to compare the performance of students in the US in Mathematics and Science to the performance of students in other countries. TIMSS uses four international benchmarks for describing student achievement: Low, Intermediate, High, and Advanced. In this study, we linked the eighth-grade Math TIMSS and NAEP scales using equipercentile equating to (a) help better interpret U.S. eighth-grade students’ performance on TIMSS, and (b) investigate the progress of eighth-grade U.S. students over time relative to the progress of students in other countries. Results indicated that relative to other countries, U.S. eighth-grade students increased with respect to the “At or Above Basic” NAEP Achievement level, but that other countries saw larger improvements in the higher achievement level categories, relative to the US. This finding may reflect the emphasis of No Child Left Behind on raising lower achievement to “proficient.” However, with respect to “Advanced” mathematics achievement, eighth-grade U.S. students showed less improvement than students in other countries.
Error Analysis of Randomized Runge–Kutta Methods for Differential Equations with Time-Irregular Coefficients
Authors: Kruse Raphael , Wu Yue
Published: February 2017

This paper contains an error analysis of two randomized explicit Runge–Kutta schemes for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with time-irregular coefficient functions. In particular, the methods are applicable to ODEs of Carathéodory type, whose coefficient functions are only integrable with respect to the time variable but are not assumed to be continuous. A further field of application are ODEs with coefficient functions that contain weak singularities with respect to the time variable. The main result consists of precise bounds for the discretization error with respect to theLp⁢(Ω;ℝd){L^{p}(\Omega;{\mathbb{R}}^{d})}-norm. In addition, convergence rates are also derived in the almost sure sense. An important ingredient in the analysis are corresponding error bounds for the randomized Riemann sum quadrature rule. The theoretical results are illustrated through a few numerical experiments.
A Compact SIW-Fed Dielectric Antenna with Equivalently Tapered E-plane Profile
Authors: Cai Yang , Zhang Yingsong , Qian Zuping
Published: February 2017

In this paper, a compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) fed dielectric antenna with equivalently tapered E-plane profile is proposed and investigated. Firstly, transition from SIW to broadwall-detached SIW (DSIW) is analyzed, which provides basis for designing a compact SIW-fed dielectric antenna. Secondly, in order to realize an effective radiation structure while keeping geometrical size unchanged, a gradually tapered profile in E-plane is realized through perforating air-vias with different diameters into the DSIW. Effect of transition stage(s) is compared to validate the function of equivalently tapered profile. Results indicate the proposed antenna operates with 27.7 % fractional bandwidth ranging from 20.2 GHz to 26.7 GHz. Moreover, stable end-fire radiation patterns can be observed in the whole operating band. Above all, this antenna shows similarity with E-plane waveguide horn antenna but maintains advantage of planar configuration.
Anti-aging effects of M2000 (β-D-mannuronic acid) as a novel immunosuppressive drug on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress parameters in an experimental model
Authors: Hosseini Soma , Abdollahi Mohammad , Azizi Gholamreza , Fattahi Mohammad Javad , Rastkari Noshin , Zavareh Farzaneh Tofighi , Aghazadeh Zahra , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: February 2017

Background:

The anti-aging property of β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) as a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent was investigated on several determinants relative to the oxidative stress in an animal model.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley rats were used for evaluating the safety and efficacy properties of M2000 on some oxidative stress enzymes, including the following: mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), glutathione S-transferase (GST), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression by real-time PCR. Malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein (PCO) (the lipid and protein oxidation marker, respectively), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were tested in serum by biochemical analysis. In addition, cortisol as a steroid hormone was surveyed by chemiluminescence immunoassay after 12 weeks of M2000 consumption. The rats were sacrificed 3 months after daily oral administration of M2000.

Results:

Our findings revealed the favorable effects of M2000 on several antioxidant enzyme and gene expression, including SOD2, CAT, GPX1, and GST; however, our results were not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no significant difference in MDA and PCO as lipid and protein oxidation markers, TAC, and cortisol compared with the control group following M2000 consumption. A slight weight increase in the M2000-treated group was also observed.

Conclusions:

Our data showed the anti-aging property of M2000 as a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with immunosuppressive property on various oxidative stress determinants.
Die menschliche Natur und ihr Wert
Authors: Bayertz Kurt
Published: February 2017

Die Entwicklung der Biotechnologie und der Medizin macht immer tiefere Eingriffe in die körperliche Konstitution des Menschen möglich, sodass die Idee einer technischen Umgestaltung der menschlichen Natur nicht mehr als vollkommen utopisch angesehen werden kann. Einige Theoretiker haben die Überzeugung vertreten, dass dieser beunruhigenden Entwicklung nur dadurch Einhalt geboten werden kann, dass der menschlichen Natur (wieder) ein moralischer Wert zugeschrieben wird. Die Vertreter dieser Idee stehen vor zwei Aufgaben: Zunächst muss der Begriff „menschliche Natur“ hinreichend präzise bestimmt werden; dann muss ihr moralischer Wert bestimmt und begründet werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Schwierigkeiten, die dabei auftreten; und er kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass diese Schwierigkeiten groß sind.
The role of defects and dimensionality in influencing the charge, capacitance, and energy storage of graphene and 2D materials
Authors: Bandaru Prabhakar R. , Yamada Hidenori , Narayanan Rajaram , Hoefer Mark
Published: February 2017

The inevitable presence of defects in graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials influences the charge density and distribution along with the concomitant measured capacitance and the related energy density. We review, in this paper, the various manifestations of the capacitance including both the classical electrostatic (e.g. associated with double layer, space charge, chemical capacitances) and the quantum forms, as well as a few methodologies to tune the respective capacitances. The role of a proper determination of the surface area of 2D materials, considering the presence of defects, in determining the capacitance and the magnitude of the energy storage is also considered.
Specification analysis in regime-switching continuous-time diffusion models for market volatility
Authors: Bu Ruijun , Cheng Jie , Hadri Kaddour
Published: February 2017

We examine model specification in regime-switching continuous-time diffusions for modeling S&P 500 Volatility Index (VIX). Our investigation is carried out under two nonlinear diffusion frameworks, the NLDCEV and the CIRCEV frameworks, and our focus is on the nonlinearity in regime-dependent drift and diffusion terms, the switching components, and the endogeneity in regime changes. While we find strong evidence of regime-switching effects, models with a switching diffusion term capture the VIX dynamics considerably better than models with only a switching drift, confirming the presence and importance of volatility regimes. Strong evidence of nonlinear endogeneity in regime changes is also detected. Meanwhile, we find significant nonlinearity in the regime-dependent diffusion specification, suggesting that the nonlinearity in the VIX dynamics cannot be accounted for by regime-switching effects alone. Finally, we find that models based on the CIRCEV specification are significantly closer to the true data generating process of VIX than models based on the NLDCEV specification uniformly across all regime-switching specifications.
Osteotomías de reorientación acetabular. Estudio comparativo entre osteotomía triple y osteotomía periacetabular. [Periacetabular reorientation osteotomies. Comparative study between triple pelvic osteotomy and periacetabular osteotomy].
Authors: Falcinelli Sebastián , Gómez Horacio , Garrido Anibal , Arrondo José Ignacio
Published: February 2017

Introducción
Las osteotomías acetabulares han sufrido con el tiempo una variación en su indicación. En los últimos años con los trabajos de R.Ganz volvió el auge por estas técnicas. Presentamos en este trabajo un estudio comparativo entre ambas técnicas en cuanto a sus resultados biomecánicos
Material y métodos
 Evaluamos 12 casos con cada una de las osteotomías midiendo en los 24 casos el desplazamiento del centro de rotación cefálico hacia lateral y anterior, el porcentaje de cabeza femoral cubierta lateral y anterior y los ángulos de inclinación y anteversión acetabular. Todos los datos fueron comparados con la cadera contralateral sin patología
Resultados
En la triple osteotomía se comprobó un desplazamiento lateral de + 2,9 mm y anterior de + 2,47 mm  del centro de rotación cefálico de la operada con respecto a la contralateral. En la osteotomía Periacetabular, se vio lateralización de +7,6 mm y antepulsión de + 6,67 mm. El porcentaje de cabeza femoral cubierta (promedio) con la Triple osteotomía fue de 89% lateral y de 99,4% anterior, con la osteotomía Periacetabular fue de 88% lateral y 80% anterior. Los ángulos de orientación acetabular con la Triple fueron de 39,4 grados de inclinación y 27,1 grados de anteversión , con la Periacetabular fue de 45,5 de inclinación y de 23,11 grados de anteversión 
Conclusiones
En nuestras manos comprobamos que la conservación del puente óseo entre el iliaco y el isquion limita la rotación para dar cobertura anterior y desplaza el centro de rotación cefálico hacia adelante, prefiriendo la Triple osteotomía en los casos de falta de cobertura anterior severa de la cabeza femoral.
Hearing Loss in Children With Asymptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Lanzieri Tatiana M. , Chung Winnie , Flores Marily , Blum Peggy , Caviness A. Chantal , Bialek Stephanie R. , Grosse Scott D. , Miller Jerry A. , Demmler-Harrison Gail ,   Congenital Cytomegalovirus Longitudinal Study Group
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the prevalence, characteristics, and risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection identified through hospital-based newborn screening who were asymptomatic at birth compared with uninfected children.

METHODS:

We included 92 case-patients and 51 controls assessed by using auditory brainstem response and behavioral audiometry. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to estimate the prevalence of SNHL, defined as ≥25 dB hearing level at any frequency and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to compare SNHL risk between groups.

RESULTS:

At age 18 years, SNHL prevalence was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%–36%) among case-patients and 8% (95% CI: 3%–22%) in controls (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.0; 95% CI: 1.2–14.5; P = .02). Among children without SNHL by age 5 years, the risk of delayed-onset SNHL was not significantly greater for case-patients than for controls (HR: 1.6; 95% CI: 0.4–6.1; P = .5). Among case-patients, the risk of delayed-onset SNHL was significantly greater among those with unilateral congenital/early-onset hearing loss than those without (HR: 6.9; 95% CI: 2.5–19.1; P < .01). The prevalence of severe to profound bilateral SNHL among case-patients was 2% (95% CI: 1%–9%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Delayed-onset and progression of SNHL among children with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection continued to occur throughout adolescence. However, the risk of developing SNHL after age 5 years among case-patients was not different than in uninfected children. Overall, 2% of case-patients developed SNHL that was severe enough for them to be candidates for cochlear implantation.
KARAKTERISTIK HABITAT IKAN BELIDA (Notoptera chitala)
Authors: Wibowo Arif , Sunarno Mas Tri Djoko
Published: February 2017

lkan belida (Notoptera chitala) adalah ikan asli Indonesia yang termasuk ikan ekonomis penting atau tinggi. lkan belida merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang terancam kelestariannya. lkan ini termasuk dalam kelompok ikan predator yang aktif pada malam hari, memiliki habitat diwilayah tengah khususnya rawa banjir (fload plain). Pada saat musim hujan ikan belida melakukan migrasi dari sungai utama atau bagian yang berair lainnya (anak sungai, lebung, dan lain-lain) ke rawa banjir (fload plain) untuk aktivitas pertumbuhan. Sedangkan pada musim kemarau berada disungai utama dan daerah rawa banjiran lersebut
INDIKATOR PENYUSUTAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI LAUT JAWA DAN SEKITARNYA
Authors: Atmaja Suherman Banon , Nugroho Duto
Published: February 2017

Sumber daya ikan pelagis telah lama dieksploitasi oleh berbagai macam alat mulai dari alat tangkap payang, pukat cincin, pukat cincin yang dilengkapi dengan lampu sorot. Motorisasi perikanan tradisional dan substitusi alat tangkap telah menyebabkan crowding etfect- Status perikanan pelagb kecil telah melampauiMYS. Semakin berkembangnya pukat cincin dengan penggunaan lampu sorot dan mesin yang lebih besar, sejak tahun 1998 pengusaha pukat cincin cenderung mengurangi kapasitas kapal, namufl penggunaan lampu sorot semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, waktu pencarian gerombolan ikan lebih lama, sebagai indikator biomassa telah mengalami penyusutan. Telah terjadi kompetisi spesies ikan pelagis, penurunan hasil tangkapan terhadap populasi ikan akan direspon dengan cepat pulihhya biomassa ikan pelagis kecil dan nelayan akan merespon perubahan alat tangkap. Perlu kehati-hatian dalam memberikan perizinan, hari memperhitungkan dinamika usaha perikanan yaitu bagaimana nelayan akan merespon kondisi stok yangmenurun.
KAJIAN TERHADAP OPERASIONAL KAPAL TRAWL DI PERAIRAN LAUT ARAFURA*)
Authors: Wedjatmiko Wedjatmiko , Sukarniaty Sukarniaty
Published: February 2017

Perairan Laut Arafura adalah merupakan sentra penangkapan udang dan ikan dasar (perikanan demersal) di kawasan Indonesia bagian timur. Berdasarkan pada komposisi hasil tangkapan menggunakan alat tangkap trawl (alat tangkap khusus untuk perikanan demersal) di perairan Arafura, menunjukkan bahwa jenis ikan yang merupakan hasil tangkapan sampingan sangat dominan (98.31%), sedangkan udang yang menjadi tujuan utama penangkapan hanya mencapai 1,69%. Sementara itu, komposisi hasil tangkapan non ikan (krustasea). menunjukkan bahwa hasil tangkapan udang yang komersial hanya (6,38%). Udang non komersial (5,62%) dan krustasea lain berupa rajungan, kepiting, dan udang mantis adalah sangat dominan (88%). Fenomena tersebut pada umumnya merupakan indikator penurunan populasi udang di perairan Arafura. Dampak eksploitasi kapal trawl terhadap usahaperikanan budi daya, antara lain pemanfaatan hasil tangkapan sampingan dapat digunakan sebagai tepung ikan yang merupakan bahan baku pakan buatan (pelet). Di mana pakan buatan adalah faktor yang sangat berperan untuk kegiatan budi daya perikanan. Sedangkan berdasarkan pada operasionalbanyak lokasi perairan yang tidak terjamah oleh aktivitas trawl, sehingga banyak lokasi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lokasi budi daya laut. Demikian juga banyak terdapat sumber daya induk komoditas perikanan budi daya. Secara tidak langsung dampak eksploitasi kapal trawl di perairan LautArafura, sangat berpengaruh positif terhadap usaha perikanan budi daya, apabila dikelola secara optimal.
PARAMETER POPULASI, KEBIASAAN MAKAN, DAN TOTAL HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN DOMINAN DI WADUK WADASLINTANG, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi , Purnomo Kunto
Published: February 2017

Waduk Wadaslinlang dengan luas 1.400 ha merupakan perairan dengan tingka kesuburan sedang (mesotsofik) s€hingga potensial untuk pengembangan perikanan tangkap. Penelitian tentang p€rtumbuhan, mortalitas, tingkat eksploitasi, kebiGaan makan, dan total hasiltangkapan beberapa jenis ikan dominan yaitu tawes (Barbodes genionotus), bader (Barbodes bramoides\, hampal (Hampala macroleFidota\, dan baung (Myslus nernurus) telah dilakukan di Waduk Wadaslintang dari bulan Juni 2003 sampai dengan Maret 2004.
Spinales Nephroblastom in ungewöhnlicher Lokalisation bei einem Hund
Authors: von Pückler Kerstin , Tillmanns Carola , Bornand Valérie , Kramer Martin , Schmidt Martin , Langen Norbert
Published: February 2017

Ein 7 Monate alter, männlicher Otterhund wurde aufgrund einer progressiven Lähmung der Hintergliedmaßen vorgestellt. Die klinischneurologische Untersuchung ergab eine Paraparese mit erhaltener Steh- und Gehfähigkeit sowie einer linksseitig betonten Läsion im Bereich des unteren motorischen Neurons der Hintergliedmaße (L4–S1). Mittels Magnetresonanztomographie wurde eine intradurale extramedulläre Neoplasie auf Höhe des fünften Lendenwirbels diagnostiziert. Bei der chirurgischen Darstellung zeigte sich eine partielle Infiltration des Rückenmarks durch die Neoplasie. Die mit Ausnahme des infiltrativen Anteils exstirpierte Masse erwies sich histopathologisch als spinales Nephroblastom. Der Hund wurde einer Bestrahlungstherapie unterzogen. Die Paraparese bildete sich vollständig zurück und bis 9 Monate post operationem wies der Patient keine neurologischen Defizite auf.
Ensinar e aprender Química: a percepção dos professores do Ensino Médio
Authors: Quadros Ana Luiza de , Silva Dayse Carvalho da , Andrade Frank Pereira de , Aleme Helga Gabriela , Oliveira Sheila Rodrigues , Silva Gilson de Freitas
Published: February 2017

O presente trabalho buscou investigar a percepção dos professores da educação básica sobre as práticas pedagógicas em sala de aula e na escola, as dificuldades enfrentadas e as possíveis maneiras de solucioná-las, assim como as formas por eles utilizadas para se manterem atualizados. A investigação envolveu 93 professores do Ensino Médio de escolas do Estado de Minas Gerais, durante a realização da Olimpíada Mineira de Química (OMQ) 2008. A análise dos comentários feitos pelos professores, no instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado, mostrou que os mesmos tendem a associar as dificuldades que enfrentam principalmente à escola, aos alunos e a questões externas à escola, ou seja, não se assumem como parte dos problemas. Percebemos, também, que associam as principais melhorias na educação básica à infraestrutura da escola e que nem todos participaram de eventos que promovessem a atualização profissional nos últimos dois anos.
"Trabalhar com os braços e a cabeça para ver o futuro...": representações sobre educação a partir de trabalhadores rurais assentados da reforma agrária
Authors: Azevedo Alessandro Augusto de
Published: February 2017

Trabalho que discute a educação como objeto de representação social entre trabalhadores rurais assentados da reforma agrária. Nesse contexto, a inserção desses sujeitos marcados pela exclusão de direitos elementares no processo de luta pela terra disseminou a esperança de se iniciar uma nova trajetória de vida a partir da conquista da terra e de outros direitos que se sucedem à posse e à consolidação do assentamento, como: trabalho, renda, escola, um pedaço de terra ou uma casa para morar. A valorização da educação escolar entre os assentados adultos é uma cantiga atravessada por "ruídos" como as trajetórias pessoais de exclusão da escola; a itinerância sistemática - anterior à condição de assentado - que transforma cada novo lugar de chegada em momento de reordenamento da vida e reinserção social; as experiências de refundação do presente que se instaura quando se é acampado e, posteriormente, assentado; e, também, pelo abandono com que os poderes públicos, ao longo dos anos, têm tratado o conjunto de demandas socioeconômico-culturais das populações assentadas. Os dados da análise do edifício representacional que compõe a leitura de mundo dos sujeitos deram-se a partir da aplicação de um teste de associação livre, no qual foi solicitado aos entrevistados que apresentassem três expressões consideradas mais associadas à palavra indutora Educação.
Online Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in the Croatian Banking Sector
Authors: Grudić Kvasić Sanda , Cerović Ljerka , Olgić Draženović Bojana
Published: February 2017

In the past few decades, the concept of corporate social responsibility has been at the centre of interest in many areas of economic research, studies using different levels of analysis. This paper analyses corporate social responsibility at the level of organisation within the banking system, where the issue of corporate social responsibility disclosure comes under the spotlight with the emergence of the global economic crisis. The purpose of the study is twofold: to examine whether Croatian banks’ online corporate social responsibility reporting depends upon their market share, and whether it focuses on community related information. Using website content analysis of all twenty-eight banks currently operating in the Croatian banking sector, corporate social responsibility disclosure is categorised in terms of themes (environment, human resources, customers and products, and community involvement). The research findings reveal that the level of Croatian banks’ online CSR disclosure is largely dependent on banks’ market share. On the other hand, results indicate that Croatian banks are mainly reporting on activities related to customers and products, followed by those, which imply community involvement. Human resources and environmental initiatives receive the least amount of attention. The results of the study can be used to more deeply comprehend and understand banks’ corporate social responsibility as a business philosophy that contributes to organisational performance and building trust between market participants.
Measuring the Efficiency of Public Health Services by DEA
Authors: Vitezić Neda , Šegota Alemka , Setnikar Cankar Stanka
Published: February 2017

Efficiency is one of the most important principles in public health services due to the strive for rationality and, at the same time, the need to strengthen quality. The aim of this research is to explore and analyse the suitability of DEA to measure the efficiency of a range of different services offered by institutes of public health in Croatia. DEA is a technique that is used to measure relative efficiency. It is traditionally used for non profit organizations. This technique has so far mostly been used in assessing solely the efficiency of hospitals and not other public health preventive services. For that reason, the objective of this study is to identify units within one department of public health services that are relatively inefficient and to set targets for them based on the activities of units classified as efficient. We used data for 12 units (DMUs) for the period of two years, defining common inputs and outputs. The results obtained show projections of efficient and inefficient DMUs, projection of inefficient units at efficient frontier allows comparison between most similar units by efficiency and provides information on controllable inputs and outputs. This research has proven that relative efficiency obtained with DEA can be a useful tool in assessing efficiency of public health services on level of one institution and could support management decision-making process.
Procurement at Local Government Level – Issues and Controversies
Authors: Kaštelan Mrak Marija , Vretenar Nenad , Jardas Antonić Jelena
Published: February 2017

Local government, as administrative units, performs a broad range of services that require to establish relations with outside partners, including those belonging to the private sector. Public procurement, due to the size of the involved financial flows, is government activity especially exposed to inefficiencies, corruption and dishonesty. There is an everlasting discussion on the ideal size and the range of services to be kept ‘in-house’ of local government units (LGUs).Transaction Costs Economics (TCE) represents a theoretical paradigm specially designed to interpret the issue of efficiency in inter-institutional relations. However, even though TCE might be envisaged as a tool for building better systems and institutions, practical experience suggests that efficient organization of complex multi-institutional systems is still a goal to be met. Therefore, public procurement procedures at LGU level are suitable to analyze the transaction costs. In an attempt to determine the main organizational features of the existing scope of institutions/entities involved in delivering services to citizens, we provided an overview of the complexity of inter-organizational relations at LGU level.In this paper, we present results of an empirical research of public procurement procedures from the perspective of LGUs in Croatia. Picking up on questionnaire responses from 200 LGUs that reported having held over 350 cases of providing services through contract agreements with ‘independent’ service providers, we formed an opinion of what could be the consequences of developing more structured public procurement procedures.
Comparison of Organizational Climate in the Regional Unit of the National Institute of Public Health Before and After Reorganization
Authors: Jordan Gašper , Miglič Gozdana , Marič Miha
Published: February 2017

Organizations have been focused on organizational climate (OC) as one of the influencing factors, which has an impact on organizational outcomes, attaining organizational goals and employee satisfaction. Our research focuses on the regional unit of the National Institute of Public Health in Slovenia and the comparison of the OC before (2013) and after reorganization (2015). We used a modified SiOK (Slovenian Organizational climate) questionnaire to shed light on employees’ perception of OC. OC and reorganization are closely connected on account of the relationship between management and employees; if OC is positive, we can expect less complicated process of reorganization as it can be if it is negative. The research revealed misfired attempt of OC improvement in all dimensions, though we expected ameliorated results in the three worst assessed OC dimensions before reorganization. Further, in the paper several recommendations are suggested to managers facing reorganization.