bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the two-mass model of the vocal folds
Authors: Assaneo María Florencia , Trevisan Marcos A.
Published: June 2013

Realistic mathematical modeling of voice production has been recently boosted by applications to different fields like bioprosthetics, quality speech synthesis and pathological diagnosis. In this work, we revisit a two-mass model of the vocal folds that includes accurate fluid mechanics for the air passage through the folds and nonlinear properties of the tissue. We present the bifurcation diagram for such a system, focusing on the dynamical properties of two regimes of interest: the onset of oscillations and the normal phonation regime. We also show theoretical support to the nonlinear nature of the elastic properties of the folds tissue by comparing theoretical isofrequency curves with reported experimental data. Received: 2 March 2013,  Accepted: 5 June 2013; Edited by: G. Mindlin; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050004Cite as: M F Assaneo, M A Trevisan, Papers in Physics 5, 050004 (2013)
Global stratospheric fluorine inventories for 2004–2009 from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) measurements
Authors: Brown A. T. , Chipperfield M. P. , Richards N. A. D. , Boone C. , Bernath P. F.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Fluorine-containing species can be extremely effective atmospheric greenhouse gases. We present fluorine budgets using organic and inorganic species retrieved by the ACE-FTS satellite instrument supplemented with output from the SLIMCAT 3D chemical transport model. The budgets are calculated between 2004 and 2009 for a number of latitude bands: 70–30° N, 30–0° N, 0–30° S, and 30–70° S. At lower altitudes total fluorine profiles are dominated by the contribution from CFC-12, up to an altitude of 20 km in the extra-tropics and 29 km in the tropics, above these altitudes the profiles are dominated by HF. Our data show that total fluorine profiles at all locations have a negative slope with altitude, providing evidence that overall fluorine emissions (measured by their F content) have been increasing with time. Total stratospheric fluorine is increasing at a similar rate in the tropics; 32.5 ± 4.9 ppt yr−1 (1.31 ± 0.20% per year) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and 29.8 ± 5.3 ppt yr−1 (1.21 ± 0.22% per year) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Extra-tropical total stratospheric fluorine is also increasing at a similar rate in both the NH and SH; 28.3 ± 2.7 ppt per year (1.12 ± 0.11% per year) in the NH and 24.3 ± 3.1 ppt per year (0.96 ± 0.12% per year) in the SH. The volume mixing ratio of each species used in this study was weighted by its global warming potential (GWP), relative molecular mass and the atmospheric pressure to produce a GWP-weighted total fluorine trend. These trends show mean changes of 0.02 ± 0.08% per year in the NH, and 0.07 ± 0.05% per year in the SH. Overall, GWP-weighted fluorine remains roughly constant globally. However, the decreasing trends in the mixing ratios of halons and CFCs, due to their prohibition under the Montreal Protocol, have suppressed an increase in total fluorine caused by increasing mixing ratios of HFCs. This has reduced the impact of fluorine containing species on global warming.
Reactivity of chlorine radical with submicron palmitic acid particles: kinetic measurements and products identification
Authors: Mendez M. , Ciuraru R. , Gosselin S. , Batut S. , Visez N. , Petitprez D.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The heterogeneous reaction of Cl. radicals with sub-micron palmitic acid (PA) particles was studied in an aerosol flow tube in the presence or in the absence of O2. Fine particles were generated by homogeneous condensation of PA vapors and introduced in the reactor where chlorine atoms are produced by photolysis of Cl2 using UV lamps surrounding the reactor. The effective reactive uptake coefficient (γ) has been determined from the rate loss of PA measured by GC/MS analysis of reacted particles as a function of the chlorine exposure. In the absence of O2, γ = 14 ± 5 indicates efficient secondary chemistry involving Cl2. GC/MS analyses have shown the formation of monochlorinated and polychlorinated compounds in the oxidized particles. Although, the PA particles are solid, the complete mass can be consumed. In the presence of oxygen, the reaction is still dominated by secondary chemistry but the propagation chain length is smaller than in the absence of O2 which leads to an uptake coefficient γ = 3 ± 1. In the particulate phase, oxocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids are identified by GC/MS. Formation of alcohols and monocarboxylic acids are also suspected. All these results show that solid organic particles could be efficiently oxidized by gas-phase radicals not only on their surface, but also in bulk by mechanisms which are still unclear. Furthermore the identified reaction products are explained by a chemical mechanism showing the pathway of the formation of more functionalized products. They help to understand the aging of primary tropospheric aerosol containing fatty acids.
Determination of circumsolar radiation from Meteosat Second Generation
Authors: Reinhardt B. , Buras R. , Bugliaro L. , Wilbert S. , Mayer B.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Reliable data on circumsolar radiation, which is caused by scattering of sun light by cloud or aerosol particles, is becoming more and more important for the resource assessment and design of concentrating solar technologies (CSTs). However, measuring circumsolar radiation is demanding and only very limited data sets are available. As a step to bridge this gap, we have developed a method to determine circumsolar radiation from cirrus cloud properties retrieved by the geostationary satellites of the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) family. The method takes output from the COCS algorithm to generate a cirrus mask from MSG data, then uses the retrieval algorithm APICS to obtain the optical thickness and the effective radius of the detected cirrus, which in turn are used to determine the circumsolar radiation from a pre-calculated lookup table. The lookup table was generated from extensive calculations using a specifically adjusted version of the Monte Carlo radiative transfer model MYSTIC and by developing a fast yet precise parameterization. APICS was also improved such that it determines the surface albedo, which is needed for the cloud property retrieval, in a self-consistent way instead of using external data. Furthermore it was extended to consider new ice particle shapes to allow for an uncertainty analysis concerning this parameter. We found that the nescience of the ice particle shape leads to an uncertainty of up to 50%. A validation with ground based measurements of circumsolar radiation show good agreement with the new "Baum v3.5" ice particle shape parameterization. For the circumsolar ratio (CSR) the validation yields a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 0.10, a bias of 11% and a Spearman rank correlation rrank, CSR of 0.54. If measurements with sub-scale cumulus clouds within the relevant satellite pixels are manually excluded, the results improve to MAD = 0.07, bias = −3% and rrank, CSR = 0.71.
Monitoring ocean heat content from the current generation of global ocean observing systems
Authors: von Schuckmann K. , Sallée J.-B. , Chambers D. , Le Traon P.-Y. , Cabanes C. , Gaillard F. , Speich S. , Hamon M.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Variations in the world's ocean heat storage and its associated volume changes are a key factor to gauge global warming and to assess the Earth's energy budget. It is also directly link to sea level change, which has a direct impact on coastal populations. Understanding and monitoring heat and sea level change is therefore one of the major legacies of current global ocean observing systems. In this study, we present an inter-comparison of the three of these global ocean observing systems: the ocean temperature/salinity network Argo, the gravimeter GRACE and the satellite altimeters. Their consistency is investigated at global and regional scale during the period 2005–2010 of overlapping time window of re-qualified data. These three datasets allow closing the recent global ocean sea level budget within uncertainties. However, sampling inconsistencies need to be corrected for an accurate budget at global scale. The Argo network allows estimating global ocean heat content and global sea level and reveals a positive change of 0.5 ± 0.1W m−2 and 0.5 ± 0.1 mm yr−1 over the last 8 yr (2005–2012). Regional inter-comparison of the global observing systems highlights the importance of specific ocean basins for the global estimates. Specifically, the Indonesian Archipelago appears as a key region for the global ocean variability. Both the large regional variability and the uncertainties in the current observing systems, prevent us to shed light, from the global sea level perspective, on the climatically important deep ocean changes. This emphasises, once more, the importance of continuing sustained effort in measuring the deep ocean from ship platforms and by setting up a much needed automated deep-Argo network.
An iterative inverse method to estimate basal topography and initialize ice flow models
Authors: van Pelt W. J. J. , Oerlemans J. , Reijmer C. H. , Pettersson R. , Pohjola V. A. , Isaksson E. , Divine D.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We evaluate an inverse approach to reconstruct distributed bedrock topography and simultaneously initialize an ice flow model. The inverse method involves an iterative procedure in which an ice dynamical model (PISM) is run multiple times over a prescribed period, while being forced with space- and time-dependent climate input. After every iteration bed heights are adjusted using information of the remaining misfit between observed and modeled surface topography. The inverse method is first applied in synthetic experiments with a constant climate forcing to verify convergence and robustness of the approach in three dimensions. In a next step, the inverse approach is applied to Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, forced with height- and time-dependent climate input since 1300 AD. An L-curve stopping criterion is used to prevent overfitting. Validation against radar data reveals a high correlation (up to R = 0.89) between modeled and observed thicknesses. Remaining uncertainties can mainly be ascribed to inaccurate model physics, in particular, uncertainty in the description of sliding. Results demonstrate the applicability of this inverse method to reconstruct the ice thickness distribution of glaciers and ice caps. In addition to reconstructing bedrock topography, the method provides a direct tool to initialize ice flow models for forecasting experiments.
Influence of anisotropy on velocity and age distribution at Scharffenbergbotnen blue ice area
Authors: Zwinger T. , Schäfer M. , Martín C. , Moore J. C.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We use a full-Stokes thermo-mechanically coupled ice-flow model to study the dynamics of the glacier inside Scharffenbergbotnen valley, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The domain encompasses a high accumulation rate region and, downstream a sublimation-dominated bare ice ablation area. The ablation ice area is notable for having old ice at its surface since the vertical velocity is upwards, and horizontal velocities are almost stagnant there. We compare the model simulation with field observations of velocities and the age distribution of the surface ice. A satisfactory match with simulations using an isotropic flow law was not found because of too high horizontal velocities and too slow vertical ones. However, the existence of a pronounced ice fabric may explain the present day surface velocity distribution in the inner Scharffenbergbotnen blue ice area. Near absence of data on the temporal evolution of Scharffenbergbotnen since the Late Glacial Maximum necessitates exploration of the impact of anisotropy using prescribed ice fabrics: isotropic, single maximum, and linear variation with depth, in both two-dimensional and three dimensional flow models. The realistic velocity field simulated with a non-collinear orthotropic flow law, however produced surface ages in significant disagreement with the few reliable age measurements and suggests that the age field is not in a steady state and that the present distribution is a result of a flow reorganization at about 15 000 yr BP. In order to fully understand the surface age distribution a transient simulation starting from the Late Glacial Maximum including the correct initial conditions for geometry, age, fabric and temperature distribution would be needed. It is the first time that the importance of anisotropy has been demonstrated in the ice dynamics of a blue ice area. This is useful to understand ice flow in order to better interpret archives of ancient ice for paleoclimate research.
Managing Social-Business Tensions: A Review and Research Agenda for Social Enterprise
Authors: Smith Wendy K. , Gonin Michael , Besharov Marya L.
Published: June 2013

In a world filled with poverty, environmental degradation, and moral injustice, social enterprises offer a ray of hope. These organizations seek to achieve social missions through business ventures. Yet social missions and business ventures are associated with divergent goals, values, norms, and identities. Attending to them simultaneously creates tensions, competing demands, and ethical dilemmas. Effectively understanding social enterprises therefore depends on insight into the nature and management of these tensions. While existing research recognizes tensions between social missions and business ventures, we lack any systematic analysis. Our paper addresses this issue. We first categorize the types of tensions that arise between social missions and business ventures, emphasizing their prevalence and variety. We then explore how four different organizational theories offer insight into these tensions, and we develop an agenda for future research. We end by arguing that a focus on social-business tensions not only expands insight into social enterprises, but also provides an opportunity for research on social enterprises to inform traditional organizational theories. Taken together, our analysis of tensions in social enterprises integrates and seeks to energize research on this expanding phenomenon.
Community Cookbooks in the Prairies
Authors: Kowalchuk Kristine
Published: June 2013

This article will build upon research I undertook in co-curating Culinaria: Early 20th-Century Cookbooks in the Prairies, an online exhibit beginning in late spring 2013 at the Bruce Peel Special Collections Library at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.

Beginning with a personal account illustrating the real-life sharing of recipes that has occurred in the Prairies between cultural groups, this article will trace such sharing in Prairies community cookbooks. As all Prairies settlers dealt with the same relative isolation and limited ingredients, neighbours of differing ethnic groups adapted and exchanged recipes that worked in the Prairies climate. French community cookbooks contain recipes for chop suey (an influence from the Chinese restaurants in nearly every Prairie small town), German community cookbooks contain recipes for cabbage rolls, Ukrainian community cookbooks contain recipes for sauerkraut, and so on. Such sharing in fact enabled somewhat of a common culinary base unique to the Prairies: indeed chop suey, cabbage rolls, and sauerkraut appear in nearly every community cookbook, as do, for related reasons, rhubarb and saskatoon pies.

Food and cookbook history in the Prairies has been little studied, presumably because the only real cookbooks published here in the first half of the twentieth century were community cookbooks (differentiating the Prairies situation from that of Ontario and Quebec), and these books largely survive only in private homes. This is gradually changing, as libraries begin to recognize the value of community cookbooks in reflecting, and contributing to, the culinary history of the Prairies.
Composer une musique nordique ?
Authors: Leclair François-Hugues
Published: June 2013

La dimension nordique a toujours occupé une place centrale dans mon imaginaire, les images les plus présentes dans ce réseau de symboles étant l’espace, la rudesse des éléments, en particulier du vent et du froid, de même que les dimensions du silence et de la solitude. La manifestation musicale de ces qualités hivernales est étudiée dans l’analyse détaillée du Solstice d’hiver, pour sextuor de flûtes, ainsi que dans un panorama de mes oeuvres à caractère nordique : choix des textes en lien avec l’hiver à la source de l’inspiration ; choix de timbres instrumentaux fréquemment associés au froid ; utilisation de modes de jeu contemporains pouvant évoquer le vent glacial, l’espace boréal ; rudesse de certaines sonorités ; instillation du silence dans la composition ; évocation de l’espace dans les distances entre les différents plans sonores ; création d’ambiances empreintes du mystère lié à la solitude humaine face à l’immensité du paysage.
Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy
Authors: Bozic Ivana , Reiter Johannes G , Allen Benjamin , Antal Tibor , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Shah Preya , Moon Yo Sup , Yaqubie Amin , Kelly Nicole , Le Dung T , Lipson Evan J , Chapman Paul B , Diaz Luis A , Vogelstein Bert , Nowak Martin A
Published: June 2013

In solid tumors, targeted treatments can lead to dramatic regressions, but responses are often short-lived because resistant cancer cells arise. The major strategy proposed for overcoming resistance is combination therapy. We present a mathematical model describing the evolutionary dynamics of lesions in response to treatment. We first studied 20 melanoma patients receiving vemurafenib. We then applied our model to an independent set of pancreatic, colorectal, and melanoma cancer patients with metastatic disease. We find that dual therapy results in long-term disease control for most patients, if there are no single mutations that cause cross-resistance to both drugs; in patients with large disease burden, triple therapy is needed. We also find that simultaneous therapy with two drugs is much more effective than sequential therapy. Our results provide realistic expectations for the efficacy of new drug combinations and inform the design of trials for new cancer therapeutics.
What’s in the Basket of Services? Support Preferences of Mental Health Consumers and Family Members
Authors: Kerman Nick , Curwood Susan Eckerle , Sirohi Reena , Trainor John
Published: June 2013

This study explored mental health consumers’ preferences regarding the support services needed to find, access, and maintain housing, and compared their views with the preferences of family members of consumers. A total of 354 consumers and 187 family members from across Canada completed questionnaires assessing their past and present experiences with housing and supports. Income supports and nutritional supports were described by both consumers and family members as the most important support services. Opinions diverged in other areas; consumers desired supports that fostered independent living, while family members emphasized services offering higher levels of support.
Engaging Mental Health Services in Spirituality Conversations: A Spirituality Poster and Café Spirituality
Authors: Smith Sharon , Clark Nancy , Grabovac Andrea , Inlakesh Eternal , Tailor Dipesh
Published: June 2013

Spirituality can be an important resource for mental health recovery. Yet barriers exist in integrating spirituality into mental health services. This article describes a spirituality quality-improvement project that engaged the system using strategic spirituality dialogue. We formed an advisory committee; developed a spirituality framework/poster; facilitated dialogue among consumers, families, and mental health professionals in focus groups; and hosted a Café Spirituality. The findings highlight the need to create safe places for spirituality dialogue.
Distearoyl Anchor‐Painted Erythrocytes with Prolonged Ligand Retention and Circulation Properties In Vivo
Authors: Shi Guixin , Mukthavaram Rajesh , Kesari Santosh , Simberg Dmitri
Published: June 2013

Red blood cells (RBCs) attract significant interest as carriers of biomolecules, drugs, and nanoparticles. In this regard, versatile technologies to attach molecules and ligands to the RBC surface are of great importance. Reported here is a fast and efficient surface painting strategy to attach ligands to the surface of RBCs, and the factors that control the stability and circulation properties of the modified RBCs in vivo. Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine anchor‐conjugated immunoglobulin (IgG) efficiently incorporates in the RBC membrane following 15–30 min incubation. The optimized RBCs show prolonged circulation in vivo (70% of the injected dose after 48 h) and efficient retention of IgG in the membrane with terminal half‐life of 73 h. The IgG construct is gradually lost from the RBCs mainly due to the transfer to plasma components, liver endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. The ligand retention efficiency is partially dictated by ligand type, anchor type, and ligand concentration in the membrane, while RBC half‐life is determined by initial concentration of the ligand in the membrane and presence of PEG linker between the ligand and the anchor. This work provides important guidance for non‐covalent surface painting of RBCs as well as other types of blood borne cells for in vivo therapeutic and targeting applications.
Zirconia‐based Aerogels via Hydrolysis of Salts and Alkoxides: The Influence of the Synthesis Procedures on the Properties of the Aerogels
Authors: Schäfer Helmut , Brandt Susanne , Milow Barbara , Ichilmann Sachar , Steinhart Martin , Ratke Lorenz
Published: June 2013

This contribution aims at evaluating different synthesis procedures leading to zirconia‐based aerogels. A series of undoped and yttrium‐doped zirconia aerogels have been prepared via hydrolysis and condensation reaction of different alkoxy‐ and different inorganic salt‐based precursors followed by supercritical drying. Well‐established but deleterious zirconium n‐propoxide (TPOZ) or zirconium n‐butoxide (TBOZ) were used as metal precursors in combination with acids like nitric acid and acetic acid as auxiliary agent for the generation of non‐yttrium stabilized zirconia aerogels. Yttrium‐stabilized zirconia aerogels as well as pure zirconia aerogels were obtained by the salt route starting from ZrCl4 and crosslinking agents like propylene oxide or acetylacetone. The characteristics of the products were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption measurements, electron microscopy, and X‐ray scattering. It turned out that with respect to all relevant properties of the aerogels as well as the practicability of the synthesis procedures, approaches based on inexpensive non‐toxic salt precursors are the methods of choice. The salt‐based approaches allow not only for low‐cost, easy‐to‐handle synthesis procedures with realizable gelation times of less than 60 seconds, but also delivered the products with the highest surface area (449 m2 g−1 for ZrCl4) within this series of syntheses.
Supplemented αMEM/F12‐based medium enables the survival and growth of primary ovarian follicles encapsulated in alginate hydrogels
Authors: Tagler David , Makanji Yogeshwar , Anderson Nicholas R. , Woodruff Teresa K. , Shea Lonnie D.
Published: June 2013

Hydrogel‐encapsulating culture systems for ovarian follicles support the in vitro growth of secondary follicles from various species including mouse, non‐primate human, and human; however, the growth of early stage follicles (primary and primordial) has been limited. While encapsulation maintains the structure of early stage follicles, feeder cell populations, such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), are required to stimulate growth and development. Hence, in this report, we investigated feeder‐free culture environments for early stage follicle development. Mouse ovarian follicles were encapsulated within alginate hydrogels and cultured in various growth medium formulations. Initial studies employed embryonic stem cell medium formulations as a tool to identify factors that influence the survival, growth, and meiotic competence of early stage follicles. The medium formulation that maximized survival and growth was identified as αMEM/F12 supplemented with fetuin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). This medium stimulated the growth of late primary (average initial diameter of 80 µm) and early secondary (average initial diameter of 90 µm) follicles, which developed antral cavities and increased to terminal diameters exceeding 300 µm in 14 days. Survival ranged from 18% for 80 µm follicles to 36% for 90 µm follicles. Furthermore, 80% of the oocytes from surviving follicles with an initial diameter of 90–100 µm underwent germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and the percentage of metaphase II (MII) eggs was 50%. Follicle/oocyte growth and GVBD/MII rates were not significantly different from MEF co‐culture. Survival was reduced relative to MEF co‐culture, yet substantially increased relative to the control medium that had been previously used for secondary follicles. Continued development of culture medium could enable mechanistic studies of early stage folliculogenesis and emerging strategies for fertility preservation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3258–3268. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MSn, LC‐MS‐TOF and LC‐PDA studies for identification of new degradation impurities of bupropion
Authors: Bansal Rohit , Saini Balraj , Bansal Yogita , Bansal Gulshan
Published: June 2013

Three new degradation impurities of bupropion were characterized through high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detection and to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Bupropion was subjected to the ICH prescribed stress conditions. It degraded to seven impurities (I–VII) in alkaline hydrolytic conditions which were optimally resolved on an XTerra C18column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a ternary mobile phase comprising ammonium formate (20 mm, pH 4.0), methanol and acetonitrile (75:10:15, v/v). The degradation impurities (III–V and VII) were characterized on the basis of mass fragmentation pattern of drug, accurate mass spectral and photodiode array data of the drug and degradation impurities. Compound V was found to be a known degradation impurity [1‐hydroxy‐1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)propan‐2‐one], whereas III, IV and VII were characterized as 2‐hydroxy‐2‐(3′‐chlorophenyl)‐3,5,5‐trimethylmorpholine, (2,4,4‐trimethyl‐1,3‐oxazolidin‐2‐yl)(3‐chlorophenyl)‐methanone and 2‐(3′‐chlorophenyl)‐3,5,5‐trimethylmorphol‐2‐ene, respectively. Compound III was a known metabolite of the drug. This additional information on the degradation impurities can help in the development of a new stability‐indicating assay method to monitor the stability of the drug product during its shelf‐life as well as in development of a drug product with increased shelf‐life. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of automated SPE‐LC‐MS/MS method for determination of indapamide in human whole blood and its application to real study samples
Authors: Nakov N. , Mladenovska K. , Labacevski N. , Dimovski A. , Petkovska R. , Dimitrovska A. , Kavrakovski Z.
Published: June 2013

A fast and simple liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of indapamide in human whole blood was developed and validated. The sample extraction of indapamide from human whole blood was achieved using automated solid‐phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was performed on Kinetex C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm particle size) using acetonitrile and 2 mm ammonium formate in ratio 90:10 (v/v) as a mobile phase. The mass spectrometer was operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization for indapamide and the internal standard (zolpidem tartarate). The total run time was 2.5 min. The present method was found to be linear in the concentration range of 1–50 ng/mL with the coefficient of determination 0.9987. The absolute recoveries of indapamide were 90.51–93.90%. The method was validated according the recommendations for validation of bioanalytical methods of European Medicines Agency guideline and was successfully used to analyze human whole blood samples for application in a pharmacokinetic study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Pet Loss for Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: A Hitherto Unchartered Terrain of Trauma Impact and Recovery
Authors: Taylor S. Caroline , Breen Lauren J.
Published: June 2013

Key Practitioner Messages

The effect of pet loss for survivors of child sexual abuse is under‐explored.

Perpetrators may threaten pets to silence their victims.

The loss of a companion animal may affect the healing process of child sexual abuse survivors.

There is a need for more research to inform interventions to assist the recovery of survivors and education to enhance mental health professionals' understanding of the ongoing effects of pet loss in relation to recovery.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Watch out: Themes in timepiece communities of counterfeit consumption
Authors: Key Thomas M. , Boostrom Robert E. , Adjei Mavis T. , Campbell David A.
Published: June 2013

Although online communities of counterfeit consumption (OCCC) enhance the demand for counterfeit products, research that improves marketers' understanding of this phenomenon is lacking. This article's purpose is to investigate how online communities of consumption have transformed the acquisition, sharing, and processing of information by consumers of counterfeits. Through the use of netnography in an online counterfeit watch community, this work identifies four themes as factors that draw consumers to OCCC. The themes are technical competence of community members, willingness to pay, members' expectations of product performance, and trust in dealer. These communities strengthen consumer consumption of counterfeit products by broadening the ways in which consumers can engage, learn, identify, and ultimately decide to purchase counterfeit products. Managerial and theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative Separation Process for Elimination of Hydrophobic Contaminants
Authors: Ewald Christian , Schaffrath Heinz‐Joachim , Schabel Samuel , Kuna Anne‐Kathrin , Faul Andreas
Published: June 2013

Klebende Verunreinigungen, sogenannte Stickies, stellen ein erhebliches Problem beim Altpapierrecycling dar und führen zu Ablagerungen an Maschinenteilen, Produktionsausfällen und steigenden Ausschussanteilen. Zur Reduzierung dieser Probleme soll ein neuer Prozess etabliert werden, der Stickies mithilfe von Pflanzenölen oder Ölsäure aus der Faserstoffsuspension entfernt. Zudem sollen die Kenntnisse aus den diskontinuierlichen Laborversuchen auf einen kontinuierlichen halbtechnischen Prozess übertragen werden.
Evaluation of urovysion and cytology for bladder cancer detection
Authors: Dimashkieh Haythem , Wolff Daynna J. , Smith T. Michael , Houser Patricia M. , Nietert Paul J. , Yang Jack
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND

Urine cytology has been used for screening of bladder cancer but has been limited by its low sensitivity. UroVysion is a multiprobe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay that detects common chromosome abnormalities in bladder cancers. For this study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of multiprobe FISH and urine cytology in detecting urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) in the same urine sample.

METHODS

In total, 1835 cases with the following criteria were selected: valid results from both the multiprobe FISH assay and urine cytology in the same urine sample, histologic and/or cystoscopic follow‐up within 4 months of the original tests, or at least 3 years of clinical follow‐up information. The results of FISH and cytology were correlated with clinical outcomes derived from a combination of histologic, cystoscopic, and clinical follow‐up information.

RESULTS

Of 1835 cases, 1045 cases were from patients undergoing surveillance of recurrent UCC, and 790 were for hematuria. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in detecting UCC were 61.9%, 89.7%, 53.9%, and 92.4%, respectively, for FISH and 29.1%, 96.9%, 64.4%, and 87.5%, respectively, for cytology. The performance of both FISH and cytology generally was better in the surveillance population and in samples with high‐grade UCC. In 95 of 296 cases with atypical cytology that were proven to have UCC, 61 cases, mostly high‐grade UCC, were positive using the multiprobe FISH assay.

CONCLUSIONS

The UroVysion multiprobe FISH assay was more sensitive than urine cytology in detecting UCC, but it produced more false‐positive results. The current data suggest that the use of FISH as a reflex test after an equivocal cytologic diagnosis may play an effective role in detecting UCC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:591–597. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Validation of an open source framework for the simulation of blood flow in rigid and deformable vessels
Authors: Passerini T. , Quaini A. , Villa U. , Veneziani A. , Canic S.
Published: June 2013

We discuss in this paper the validation of an open source framework for the solution of problems arising in hemodynamics. The proposed framework is assessed through experimental data for fluid flow in an idealized medical device with rigid boundaries and a numerical benchmark for flow in compliant vessels. The core of the framework is an open source parallel finite element library that features several algorithms to solve both fluid and fluid–structure interaction problems. The numerical results for the flow in the idealized medical device (consisting of a conical convergent, a narrow throat, and a sudden expansion) are in good quantitative agreement with the measured axial components of the velocity and pressures for three different flow rates corresponding to laminar, transitional, and turbulent regimes. We emphasize the crucial role played by the accuracy in performing numerical integration, mesh, and time step to match the measurements. The numerical fluid–structure interaction benchmark deals with the propagation of a pressure wave in a fluid‐filled elastic tube. The computed pressure wave speed and frequency of oscillations, and the axial velocity of the fluid on the tube axis are close to the values predicted by the analytical solution associated with the benchmark. A detailed account of the methods used for both benchmarks is provided.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terminal Oxo and Imido Transition‐Metal Complexes of Groups 9–11
Authors: Ray Kallol , Heims Florian , Pfaff Florian Felix
Published: June 2013

This review summarizes the properties of group 9–11 metal–oxo and metal–imido complexes, which have been either isolated or proposed as reactive intermediates in metal‐catalyzed organic transformations. We begin with a general description of the bonding of transition‐metal–oxo and –imido complexes in various geometries, followed by a discussion of complexes from groups 9–11. The focus of this review is to provide a clear picture of the state of the art as well as insight towards potential future synthetic endeavors.
Enantioselective One‐Pot Catalytic Synthesis of 4,5‐Epoxy‐3‐alkanols and 1‐Phenyl‐2,3‐epoxy‐1‐alkanols from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes
Authors: Infante Rebeca , Hernández Yulan , Nieto Javier , Andrés Celia
Published: June 2013

Conformationally restricted perhydrobenzoxazines have been demonstrated to be good chiral ligands for one‐pot asymmetric ethylation/epoxidation, and the unprecedented arylation/epoxidation of trisubstituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes. The scope of the reaction has been studied and a wide set of substrates with allylic strain of different nature has been explored, obtaining good or total diastereoselectivities in all cases. The enantiocontrol was good or high for the ethylation/epoxidation reaction, whereas it remained at moderate or good levels for the arylation/epoxidation. The reaction is general for trisubstituted enals, and alkylic and aromatic substituents are tolerated at both the α‐ and β‐position of the unsaturated aldehyde; however, disubstituted enals remain challenging substrates. When the one‐pot and two‐pot protocols were compared, no significant differences concerning the stereocontrol were found, so the advantages of the one‐pot procedure are clear.
Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of δ‐Hydroxy Allylic Chlorides by a Silicon Nucleophile
Authors: Hazra Chinmoy K. , Irran Elisabeth , Oestreich Martin
Published: June 2013

A perfectly γ‐selective copper(I)‐catalyzed allylic substitution of protected δ‐hydroxy allylic chlorides with a silicon nucleophile generated by Si–B bond activation provides diastereoselective access to β‐hydroxy α‐chiral allylic silanes with anantirelative configuration. The high levels of diastereocontrol of this rare allylic displacement are interpreted according to a model suggested by Nakamura where diastereofacial selectivity originates from steric control rather than an oxygen‐directing effect in the Felkin–Anh transition state.
A Synthesis of (–)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐Lavandulol, (+)‐Lavandulyl 2‐Methylbutanoate, and (+)‐Lavandulyl Senecioate through Ortho­ester Johnson–Claisen Rearrangement
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chowdhury Asim K.
Published: June 2013

An efficient synthesis of (–)‐(R)‐ and (+)‐(S)‐lavandulol, (+)‐lavandulyl 2‐methylbutanoate and (+)‐lavandulyl senecioate is presented in this paper. The synthetic strategy features a chiral‐pool approach to an allyl alcohol intermediate, and an orthoester Johnson–Claisen rearrangement as the key step.
Is the belief in meritocracy palliative for members of low status groups? Evidence for a benefit for self‐esteem and physical health via perceived control
Authors: McCoy Shannon K. , Wellman Joseph D. , Cosley Brandon , Saslow Laura , Epel Elissa
Published: June 2013

Consensually held ideologies may serve as the cultural “glue” that justifies hierarchical status differences in society . Yet to be effective, these beliefs need to be embraced by low status groups. Why would members of low status groups endorse beliefs that justify their relative disadvantage? We propose that members of low status groups in the USA may benefit from some system‐justifying beliefs (such as the belief in meritocracy) to the extent that these beliefs emphasize the perception of control over future outcomes. In two studies, among women, lower socioeconomic status women, and women of color, we found a positive relationship between the belief in meritocracy and well‐being (self‐esteem and physical health) that was mediated by perceived control. Members of low status groups may benefit from some system‐justifying beliefs to the extent that these beliefs, such as the belief in meritocracy, emphasize the perception of control over future outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediagnostic plasma testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin, IGF‐I and hepatocellular carcinoma: Etiological factors or risk markers?
Authors: Lukanova Annekatrin , Becker Susen , Hüsing Anika , Schock Helena , Fedirko Veronika , Trepo Elisabeth , Trichopoulou Antonia , Bamia Christina , Lagiou Pagona , Benetou Vassiliki , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Nöthlings Ute , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Dossus Laure , Teucher Birgit , Boeing Heiner , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Palli Domenico , Pala Valeria , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Ricceri Fulvio , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Siersema Peter D. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Quiros Jose Ramon , Duell Eric J. , Molina‐Montes Esther , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Gurrea Aurelio Barricarte , Dorronsoro Miren , Lindkvist Björn , Johansen Dorthe , Werner Mårten , Sund Malin , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nick , Key Timothy J. , Travis Ruth C. , Rinaldi Sabina , Romieu Isabelle , Gunter Marc J. , Riboli Elio , Jenab Mazda , Kaaks Rudolf
Published: June 2013

Elevated prediagnostic testosterone and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) concentrations have been proposed to increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the metabolism of these hormones is altered as a consequence of liver damage and they may have clinical utility as HCC risk markers. A case–control study was nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort and included 125 incident HCC cases and 247 individually matched controls. Testosterone, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF‐I were analyzed by immunoassays. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating curves (AUC) was calculated to assess HCC predictive ability of the tested models. After adjustments for epidemiological variables (body mass index, smoking, ethanol intake, hepatitis and diabetes) and liver damage (a score based on albumin, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations), only SHBG remained significantly associated with risk [OR for top versus bottom tertile of 3.86 (1.32–11.3), ptrend = 0.009]. As a single factor SHBG had an AUC of 0.81 (0.75–0.86). A small, but significant increase in AUC was observed when SHBG was added to a model including the liver damage score and epidemiological variables (from 0.89 to 0.91, p = 0.02) and a net reclassification of 0.47% (0.45–0.48). The observed associations of HCC with prediagnostic SHBG, free testosterone and IGF‐I concentrations are in directions opposite to that expected under the etiological hypotheses. SHBG has a potential to be tested as prediagnostic risk marker for HCC. © 2013 UICC
Frequency, intensity, and sensitivity to sea surface temperature of North Atlantic tropical cyclones in best‐track and simulated data
Authors: Strazzo Sarah , Elsner James B. , Trepanier Jill C. , Emanuel Kerry A.
Published: June 2013

Synthetic hurricane track data generated from a downscaling approach are compared to best‐track (observed) data to analyze differences in regional frequency, intensity, and sensitivity of limiting intensity to sea surface temperature (SST). Overall, the spatial distributions of observed and simulated hurricane counts match well, although there are relatively fewer synthetic storms in the eastern quarter of the basin. Additionally, regions of intense synthetic hurricanes tend to coincide with regions of intense observed hurricanes. The sensitivity of limiting hurricane intensity to SST computed from synthetic data is slightly lower than sensitivity computed from observed data (5.5 ± 1.31 m s−1 (standard error, SE) and 8.6 ± 1.57 m s−1 (SE), respectively); however, the synthetic data produce sensitivity values that are much closer to the observed values than those obtained from two global climate models (GCMs) in a previous study. Despite a close match in the magnitude of basin wide sensitivities, the spatial variability of sensitivities do not match. These values tend to be highest in the western portion of the basin for the observed data, while the opposite is true for the synthetic data.
Laser exposure of gold nanorods can induce intracellular calcium transients
Authors: Paviolo Chiara , Haycock John W. , Cadusch Peter J. , McArthur Sally L. , Stoddart Paul R.
Published: June 2013

Uncoated and poly(styrene sulphonate) (PSS)‐coated gold nanorods were taken up by NG108‐15 neuronal cells. Exposure to 780 nm laser light at the plasmon resonance wavelength of the gold nanorods was found to induce intracellular Ca2+ transients. The higher Ca2+ peaks were observed at lower laser doses, with the highest levels obtained at a radiant exposure of 0.33 J/cm2. In contrast, the cells without nanoparticles showed a consistently small response, independent of the laser dose. These initial results open up new opportunities for peripheral nerve regeneration treatments and for more efficient optical stimulation techniques. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of Sulfur Dioxide in Acute Lung Injury Following Limb Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Huang Xin‐Li , Liu Yang , Zhou Jun‐Lin , Qin Yong‐Chao , Ren Xiao‐Bao , Zhou Xiao‐Hong , Cao Hua
Published: June 2013

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is naturally synthesized by glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) from l‐cysteine in mammalian cells. We aim to investigate the role of SO2 in inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI) following limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Male Wistar rats were subjected to limb I/R and were injected with saline, GOT inhibitor hydroxamate (HDX, 0.47 mmol/kg), or the SO2 donor Na2SO3/NaHSO3 (0.54 mmol/kg/0.18 mmol/kg). Compared with the sham operation, the plasma SO2 levels were significantly decreased by limb I/R treatment. In addition, SO2 concentration and GOT activity in the lung tissue were also reduced in ALI. The occurrence of ALI following limb I/R can be prevented by Na2SO3/NaHSO3 treatment, whereas it can be significantly aggravated by HDX. The plasma IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10 levels were consistent with myeloperoxidase activity and inflammation in lung tissue. In conclusion, our data suggest that downregulation of endogenous SO2 production might be involved in pathogenesis of ALI following limb I/R in rats. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:389‐397, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21492
Late Onset Eating Disorders in Spain: Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Bueno B. , Krug I. , Bulik C.M. , Jiménez‐Murcia S. , Granero R. , Thornton L. , Penelo E. , Menchón J.M. , Sánchez I. , Tinahones F.J. , Fernández‐Aranda F.
Published: June 2013

Objective

The literature on later age of onset (LAO) in women with eating disorders is scarce. We compared the severity of eating disorders, eating disorder subtype, and personality profiles in a clinical sample of consecutively assessed women with eating disorders with later age of onset (LAO, > = 25 years) to women with typical age of onset (TAO, <25 years).

Method

All eating disorder patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) criteria and were admitted to the Eating Disorder Unit of the University Hospital of Bellvitge in Barcelona, Spain. Ninety‐six patients were classified as LAO and 759 as TAO.

Assessment

Measures included the Eating Attitude Test‐40 (EAT‐40), Eating Disorders Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2), Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), Symptom Checklist Revised (SCL‐90‐R), and the Temperament and Character Inventory‐Revised (TCI‐R), as well as other clinical and psychopathological indices.

Results

LAO individuals reported significantly fewer weekly vomiting episodes, fewer self‐harming behaviours, less drug abuse, and lower scores on the BITE symptoms, the EDI‐2 drive for thinness, and the TCI‐R harm avoidance scales than TAO individuals. Conversely, the LAO group reported more current and premorbid obesity than the TAO group.

Conclusion

LAO eating disorder patients in this sample presented with milder symptomatology and less extreme personality traits. Premorbid obesity may be more relevant to LAO than TAO eating disorders and should be routinely assessed and considered when planning treatment.