bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental accountability: a case for international conciliation?
Authors: Studer Tensin
Published: April 2023

In the past, conciliation mechanisms have scarcely been applied in an inter-state context. It is not surprising that there have been no publicly known environmental conciliations yet. However, in international environmental law, where different dispute settlement mechanisms are still evolving, conciliation might gain currency in the future. This article aims to promote international conciliation to resolve environmental disputes between (i) states, (ii) individuals and the state and (iii) individuals and corporations. At the outset, this article addresses the problem of international environmental accountability. It then discusses conciliation and why parties should resort to it when resolving environmental disputes. Before concluding, the article addresses the practical implementation of environmental conciliation and gives general tips for future conciliation proceedings. This article concludes that while conciliation has not been widespread, it has the potential to bridge the environmental accountability gap if the parties are willing to consent to it.
The different clinical presentations of pediatric allergic fungal sinusitis
Authors: Al Nahwi Fawatim A , AlMomen Ali , Alkishi Sarah A , Almolani Fadhel , Al Ameer Mohammed A , Alzubaidi Aziza A , Suwayyid Wejdan K , Alkhars Abdullah Z
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we aim to study the different clinical presentations of pediatric allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, and to review the experience in the diagnosis & management of AFS in children at King Fahad Specialist Hospital. This study is a retrospective case series of pediatric patients diagnosed and managed as AFS at a tertiary referral hospital in Saudi Arabia. The clinical presentation of pediatric AFS varies widely and includes unilateral, unilateral with proptosis, bilateral, alternating, isolated sphenoid and extensive with intracranial & intraorbital involvements. Children with AFS present with different clinical features when compared to adults. Therefore, they require a high index of suspicion for evaluation and early aggressive treatment.
Successful surgical treatment of brachial aneurysm associated with arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis
Authors: Maeda Shusaku , Ryugo Masahiro , Shibata Kana , Kashiyama Yukinori , Nakatsuji Hiroki , Tsutsumi Yasushi , Monta Osamu
Published: April 2023

A 58-year-old female who underwent renal transplantation and closure of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis at age 24 was presented with left forearm pain and cyanosis. Computed tomography revealed an obstructed true brachial aneurysm at the anterior aspect of the elbow joint. Under a diagnosis of true brachial aneurysm associated with AVF, aneurysm resection and brachial to ulnar artery bypass grafting using a reversed great saphenous vein were performed. To prevent graft occlusion due to elbow flexion, it was routed through the ulnar side of the elbow joint. One year after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic with a patent graft.
Recent Advances in Data Integration
Authors: Sakshaug Joseph W , Steorts Rebecca C
Published: April 2023

The availability of both survey and non-survey data sources, such as administrative data, social media data, and digital trace data, has grown rapidly over the past decade. With this expansion in data, the statistical, methodological, computational, and ethical challenges around integrating multiple data sources have also grown. This special issue addresses these challenges by highlighting recent innovations and applications in data integration and related topics.
The ABI5-dependent down-regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthase OSCP subunit facilitates apple necrotic mosaic virus infection
Authors: He Chengyong , Xing Fei , Liang Jiahui , Zhang Zhixiang , Zhan Binhui , Habili Nuredin , Wang Hongqing , Li Shifang
Published: April 2023

Apple necrotic mosaic virus (ApNMV) is associated with apple mosaic disease in China. However, the mechanisms of ApNMV infection, as well as host defence against the virus, are still poorly understood. Mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a fundamental role in the regulation of plant growth and development. However, mitochondrial ATP synthase function in response to virus infection remains to be defined. In the present study, a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening revealed that the apple mitochondrial ATP synthase oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) subunit (MdATPO) interacts with ApNMV coat protein (CP). It was further verified that overexpression of MdATPO in Nicotiana benthamiana inhibited viral accumulation. In contrast, silencing of NbATPO facilitated viral accumulation, indicating that ATPO plays a defensive role during ApNMV infection. Further investigation demonstrated that ApNMV infection accelerated abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, and ABA negatively regulated ATPO transcription, which was related to the ability of ABA insensitive 5 (ABI5) to bind to the ABA-responsive elements (ABREs) of the ATPO promoter. Taken together, our results indicated that transcription factor ABI5 negatively regulated ATPO transcription by directly binding to its promoter, leading to the susceptibility of apple and N. benthamiana to ApNMV infection. The current study facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the intricate responses of the host to ApNMV infection.
Protein phosphatase StTOPP6 negatively regulates potato bacterial wilt resistance by modulating MAPK signaling
Authors: Wang Bingsen , Huang Mengshu , He Wenfeng , Wang Yuqi , Yu Liu , Zhou Dan , Meng Chengzhen , Cheng Dong , Qiu Huishan , Tan Xiaodan , Song Botao , Chen Huilan
Published: April 2023

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important crop globally and is grown across many regions in China, where it ranks fourth in the list of staple foods. However, its production and quality are severely affected by bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In this study, we identified StTOPP6, which belongs to the type one protein phosphatase (TOPP) family, and found that transient knock down of StTOPP6 in potato increased resistance against R. solanacearum. RNA-seq analysis showed that knock down of StTOPP6 activated immune responses, and this defense activation partly depended on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway. StTOPP6 inhibited the expression of StMAPK3, while overexpression of StMAPK3 enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum, supporting the negative role of StTOPP6 in plant immunity. Consistent with the results of knock down of StTOPP6, overexpressing the phosphatase-dead mutation StTOPP6m also attenuated infection and up-regulated MAPK3, showing that StTOPP6 activity is required for disease. Furthermore, we found that StTOPP6 affected the StMAPK3-mediated downstream defense pathway, eventually suppressing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistent with these findings, plants with knock down of StTOPP6, overexpression of StTOPP6m, and overexpression of StMAPK3 all displayed ROS accumulation and enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum. Taken together, the findings of our study demonstrate that StTOPP6 negatively regulates resistance to bacterial wilt by affecting the MAPK3-mediated pathway.
Intra-night optical flux and polarization variability of BL Lacertae during its 2020–2021 high state
Authors: Bachev Rumen , Tripathi Tushar , Gupta Alok C , Kushwaha Pankaj , Strigachev Anton , Kurtenkov Alexander , Nikolov Yanko , Boeva Svetlana , Damljanovic Goran , Vince Oliver , Stojanovic Milan , Kishore Shubham , Gaur Haritma , Dhiman Vinit , Fan Junhui , Kalita Nibedita , Spassov Borislav , Semkov Evgeni
Published: April 2023

In this work, we report the presence of rapid intra-night optical variations in both flux and polarization of the blazar BL Lacertae during its unprecedented 2020–2021 high state of brightness. The object showed significant flux variability and some colour changes, but no firmly detectable time delays between the optical bands. The linear polarization was also highly variable in both polarization degree and angle (electric vector polarization angle). The object was observed from several observatories throughout the world, covering a total of almost 300 h during 66 nights. Based on our results, we suggest that the changing Doppler factor of an ensemble of independent emitting regions, travelling along a curved jet that at some point happens to be closely aligned with the line of sight, can successfully reproduce our observations during this outburst. This is one of the most extensive variability studies of the optical polarization of a blazar on intra-night time-scales.
Spectral energy distribution profiles from AGN accretion disc in multigap set-up
Authors: Štolc Marcel , Zajaček Michal , Czerny Bożena , Karas Vladimír
Published: April 2023

Spectral energy distribution (SED) of the broad-band continuum emission from black-hole accretion discs can serve as a tool to measure parameters of the central body and constrain the geometry of the inner accretion flow. We focus on the case of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), with an accretion disc dominating the UV/optical bands. We parametrize the changes in the thermal and power-law components, which can reveal the diminution of the emissivity. To this end we explore the effects of gaps in the accretion disc and the emerging SED that can be caused by the presence of either (i) the inner, optically thin, radiatively inefficient hot flow; (ii) a secondary black hole embedded within the accretion disc; or (iii) a combination of both components. We suggest that the resulting changes in the SED of the underlying continuum can help us understand some departures from the standard-disc scenario. We estimate that the data required for such a project must be sampled in detail over the far-UV to soft X-ray bands during the interval of about a month corresponding to the characteristic variability time-scale of an AGN. Detecting a gap at intermediate radii of a few 100 gravitational radii would require quality photometry with uncertainties up to $\sim 1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. The presence of the central cavity in the standard disc can be recovered in UV photometric data with an accuracy of 5 per cent and better. We show the effect of the intrinsic reddening of the source and demonstrate when it can be disentangled.
Spatio-temporal non-localities in a solar-like mean-field dynamo
Authors: Pipin V V
Published: April 2023

The scale separation approximation, which is in the base of the solar mean-field dynamo models, can be hardly justified both by observations and theoretical applications to astrophysical dynamos. The general expression for the mean turbulent electromotive force can be written in integral form with convolution of the turbulent effects and mean magnetic field variations over scales of the turbulent flows and global scales of the mean-field dynamo. Following results of direct numerical simulations (DNS), which had been reported earlier, we take the Lorentzian form of the integral convolution kernels as an experimental fact. It allows us to approximate the governing equation for the mean electromotive force by the reaction–diffusion type equation. Solution of the eigenvalue problem reveals a few curious properties of the dynamo model with the non-local mean electromotive force. We find a decrease of the critical dynamo instability threshold, and an increase the dynamo periods of the unstable modes, as reported in earlier studies. Simultaneously, the non-local model shows substantially lower growth rate of the unstable dynamo modes in proximity of the critical threshold than the model which employs the scale separation approximation. We verify these findings using the non-linear solar dynamo model. For the supercritical regime, when the α-effect magnitude is about twice of the instability threshold, the model shows the Parker’s dynamo wave solutions with the wave propagating from the mid-latitude at the bottom of the convection zone towards the solar equator at the surface.
Three cases of optical periodic modulation in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Zhongxiang , Zheng Dong
Published: April 2023

We report on the case of optical periodic modulation discovered in two Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and one candidate AGN. Analysing the archival optical data obtained from large transient surveys, namely the Catalina Real-Transient Survey (CRTS) and the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), we find periodicities of 2169.7, 2103.1, and 1462.6 d in sources J0122 + 1032, J1007 + 1248 (or PG 1004 + 1248), and J2131 − 1127, respectively. The optical spectra of the first two indicate that the first is likely a blazar and the second a type 1 Seyfert galaxy, and while no spectroscopic information is available for the third one, its overall properties suggest that it is likely an AGN. In addition, mid-infrared (MIR) light-curve data of the three sources, taken by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), are also analysed. The light curves show significant variations, but not appearing related to the optical periodicities. Based on the widely discussed supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) scenario, we discuss the origin of the optical modulation. Two possible interesting features, an additional 162-d short optical periodicity in J2131 − 1127 and the consistency of the X-ray flux variations of J1007 + 1248 with its optical periodicity, are also discussed within the SMBHB scenario.
Metallicity and age effects on lithium depletion in solar analogues
Authors: Martos Giulia , Meléndez Jorge , Rathsam Anne , Carvalho Silva Gabriela
Published: April 2023

The lithium present in the photospheres of solar-type stars is transported to the inner parts by convection, reaching regions even somewhat below the convection zone, by non-standard transport mechanisms. In stars with deeper convective zones, this element can reach regions with temperatures sufficient enough to be destroyed, implying in a lower Li content. More metallic stars show a deepening of their convective zones, so they could deplete more Li in comparison with stars of lower metallicity. In order to verify this effect and its amplitude, we selected stars with ∼1 M⊙ and metallicities within a factor of two relative to the Sun. We studied a sample of 41 metal-rich and -poor solar analogues, and carried out a joint analysis with a sample of 77 solar twins from our previous work, resulting in a total sample of 118 stars covering the metallicity range −0.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤  + 0.3 dex. We employed high-resolution (R = 115 000) and high-signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 400–1000) HARPS spectra and determined the atmospheric parameters using a line-by-line differential analysis and the Li abundance through spectral synthesis. The ages and masses of the whole sample were improved by refining the isochronal method. We also investigated the impact of planets on Li. We found robust anticorrelations between Li abundance and both metallicity and age, with a significance above 10σ in both cases. Our results agree qualitatively with theoretical predictions and are useful to constrain non-standard models of Li depletion, and to better understand transport and mixing mechanisms inside stars.
Synchrotron afterglow model for AT 2022cmc: jetted tidal disruption event or engine-powered supernova?
Authors: Matsumoto Tatsuya , Metzger Brian D
Published: April 2023

AT 2022cmc is a luminous optical transient (νLν ≳ 1045 erg s−1) accompanied by decaying non-thermal X-rays (peak duration tX ≲ days and isotropic energy EX,iso ≳ 1053 erg) and a long-lived radio/mm synchrotron afterglow, which has been interpreted as a jetted tidal disruption event (TDE). Both an equipartition analysis and a detailed afterglow model reveal the radio/mm emitting plasma to be expanding mildly relativistically (Lorentz factor $\Gamma \gtrsim \, \mathrm{ few}$ ) with an opening angle θj ≃ 0.1 and roughly fixed energy Ej,iso ≳ few × 1053 erg into an external medium of density profile n ∝ R−k with k ≃ 1.5–2, broadly similar to that of the first jetted TDE candidate Swift J1644+57 and consistent with Bondi accretion at a rate of ∼$10^{-3}\,\dot{M}_{\rm Edd}$ on to a 106 M⊙ black hole before the outburst. The rapidly decaying optical emission over the first days is consistent with fast-cooling synchrotron radiation from the same forward shock as the radio/mm emission, while the bluer slowly decaying phase to follow likely represents a separate thermal emission component. Emission from the reverse shock may have peaked during the first days, but its non-detection in the optical band places an upper bound Γj ≲ 100 on the Lorentz factor of the unshocked jet. Although a TDE origin for AT 2022cmc is indeed supported by some observations, the vast difference between the short-lived jet activity phase tX ≲ days and the months-long thermal optical emission also challenges this scenario. A stellar core-collapse event giving birth to a magnetar or black hole engine of peak duration ∼1 d offers an alternative model also consistent with the circumburst environment, if interpreted as a massive star wind.
De-excitation rates of the newly discovered C5H+ in collision with He
Authors: Khadri F , Elabidi H , Hammami K
Published: April 2023

Collisional excitation of C5H+ by He was performed by mean of state-of-the-art methods. A high level of theory quantum chemical calculations were made to determine the interaction potential energy surface of C5H+ with helium. The new two-dimensional potential energy surface obtained from the RCCSD(T)-F12 ab initio approach associated with aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets, presents two minima below its dissociation limit with well depths of $-101.8$ and $-100.2\, \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$ . In order to derive accurate physical conditions from rotational transitions of the recently discovered C5H+ molecule in Taurus molecular cloud (TMC-1), rate coefficients calculations are performed. The C5H+(X1Σ+)–He de-excitation rates are obtained after averaging cross-sections for thermal temperature below 100 K. The integral cross-sections are computed with the close-coupling quantum time-independent formalism for $E\le 520 \, \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$ and J ≤ 15. The new collisional data will allow accurate determination of the C5H+ abundance and will help to understand the chemistry of carbon chain ions in the interstellar gas.
Optical darkness in short-duration γ-ray bursts
Authors: Gobat Caden , van der Horst Alexander J , Fitzpatrick David
Published: April 2023

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) categorically produce broad-band afterglow emission, but in some cases, emission in the optical band is dimmer than expected based on the contemporaneously observed X-ray flux. This phenomenon, aptly dubbed ‘optical darkness’, has been studied extensively in long GRBs (associated with the explosive deaths of massive stars), with possible explanations ranging from host environment extinction to high redshift to possibly unique emission mechanisms. However, investigations into optical darkness in short GRBs (associated with the mergers of compact object binaries) have thus far been limited. This work implements a procedure for determining the darkness of GRBs based on spectral indices calculated using temporally matched Swift–X-ray Telescope data and optical follow-up observations; presents a complete and up-to-date catalogue of known short GRBs that exhibit optical darkness; and outlines some of the possible explanations for optically dark short GRBs. In the process of this analysis, we developed versatile and scalable data processing code that facilitates reproducibility and reuse of our pipeline. These analysis tools and resulting complete sample of dark short GRBs enable a systematic statistical study of the phenomenon and its origins, and reveal that optical darkness is indeed quite rare in short GRBs, and highly dependent on observing response time and observational effects.
Constraining minimally extended varying speed of light by cosmological chronometers
Authors: Lee Seokcheon
Published: April 2023

At least one dimensionless physical constant (i.e. a physically observable) must change for the cosmic time to make the varying speed of light (VSL) models phenomenologically feasible. Various physical constants and quantities also should be functions of cosmic time to satisfy all known local laws of physics, including special relativity, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism. Adiabaticity is another necessary condition to keep the homogeneity and isotropy of three-dimensional space. To be a self-consistent theory, one should consider cosmic evolutions of physical constants and quantities when one derives Einstein’s field equations and their solutions. All these conditions are well-satisfied in the so-called minimally extended varying speed of light (meVSL) model. Unlike other VSL models, we show that the redshift-drift formula of the meVSL model is the same as a standard model. Therefore, we cannot use this as an experimental tool to verify the meVSL. Instead, one can still use the cosmological chronometers (CC) as a model-independent test of the meVSL. The current CC data cannot distinguish meVSL from the standard model (SM) when we adopt the best-fitting values (or Gaussian prior) of H0 and Ωm0 from the Planck mission. However, the CC data prefer the meVSL when we choose Pantheon22 data.
Analytical marginalization over photometric redshift uncertainties in cosmic shear analyses
Authors: Ruiz-Zapatero Jaime , Hadzhiyska Boryana , Alonso David , Ferreira Pedro G , García-García Carlos , Mootoovaloo Arrykrishna
Published: April 2023

As the statistical power of imaging surveys grows, it is crucial to account for all systematic uncertainties. This is normally done by constructing a model of these uncertainties and then marginalizing over the additional model parameters. The resulting high dimensionality of the total parameter spaces makes inferring the cosmological parameters significantly more costly using traditional Monte Carlo sampling methods. A particularly relevant example is the redshift distribution, p($z$ ), of the source samples, which may require tens of parameters to describe fully. However, relatively tight priors can be usually placed on these parameters through calibration of the associated systematics. In this paper, we show, quantitatively, that a linearization of the theoretical prediction with respect to these calibrated systematic parameters allows us to analytically marginalize over these extra parameters, leading to a factor of ∼30 reduction in the time needed for parameter inference, while accurately recovering the same posterior distributions for the cosmological parameters that would be obtained through a full numerical marginalization over 160 p($z$ ) parameters. We demonstrate that this is feasible not only with current data and current achievable calibration priors but also for future Stage-IV data sets.
Resonant scattering of the O vii X-ray emission line in the circumgalactic medium of TNG50 galaxies
Authors: Nelson Dylan , Byrohl Chris , Ogorzalek Anna , Markevitch Maxim , Khabibullin Ildar , Churazov Eugene , Zhuravleva Irina , Bogdan Akos , Chakraborty Priyanka , Kilbourne Caroline , Kraft Ralph , Pillepich Annalisa , Sarkar Arnab , Schellenberger Gerrit , Su Yuanyuan , Truong Nhut , Vladutescu-Zopp Stephan , Wijers Nastasha
Published: April 2023

We study the impact of resonantly scattered X-ray line emission on the observability of the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) of galaxies. We apply a Monte Carlo radiative transfer post-processing analysis to the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical galaxy formation simulation. This allows us to model the resonant scattering of  O vii(r) X-ray photons within the complex, multiphase, multiscale CGM. The resonant transition of the O vii He-like triplet is one of the brightest, and most promising, X-ray emission lines for detecting the hot CGM and measuring its physical properties. We focus on galaxies with stellar masses $10.0\lt \log {(M_\star /\rm {M_\odot })}\lt 11.0$ at z ≃ 0. After constructing a model for  O vii(r) emission from the central galaxy, as well as from CGM gas, we forward model these intrinsic photons to derive observable surface brightness maps. We find that scattering significantly boosts the observable  O vii(r) surface brightness of the extended and diffuse CGM. This enhancement can be large – an order of magnitude on average at a distance of 200 projected kpc for high-mass M⋆ = 1010.7 M⊙ galaxies. The enhancement is larger for lower mass galaxies and can even reach a factor of 100, across the extended CGM. Galaxies with higher star formation rates, AGN luminosities, and central  O vii(r) luminosities all have larger scattering enhancements, at fixed stellar mass. Our results suggest that next-generation X-ray spectroscopic missions, including XRISM, LEM, ATHENA, and HUBS – which aim to detect the hot CGM in emission – could specifically target haloes with significant enhancements due to resonant scattering.
The most massive Population III stars
Authors: Chantavat Teeraparb , Chongchitnan Siri , Silk Joseph
Published: April 2023

Recent data from the JWST suggest that there are realistic prospects for detecting the earliest generation of stars at redshift ∼20. These metal-poor, gaseous Population III (Pop III) stars are likely in the mass range $10\!-\!10^3\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ . We develop a framework for calculating the abundances of Pop III stars as well as the distribution of the most massive Pop III stars based on an application of extreme-value statistics. Our calculations use the star formation rate density from a recent simulation to calibrate the star formation efficiency from which the Pop III stellar abundances are derived. Our extreme-value modelling suggests that the most massive Pop III stars at redshifts 10 < z < 20 are likely to be $\gtrsim 10^3\!-\!10^4\, {\rm M}_\odot$ . Such extreme Pop III stars were sufficiently numerous to be the seeds of supermassive black holes at high redshifts and possibly source detectable gravitational waves. We conclude that the extreme-value formalism provides an effective way to constrain the stellar initial mass function.
An approximate analytical solution for radial evolution of homologous collapse
Authors: Zhou Yixin , Wu Baisheng , Lim C W , Zhong Huixiang
Published: April 2023

The homologous collapse of a sphere of uniform density from a resting state under its self-gravity has been used to model the formation of astronomical objects. It is well known that the evolution of the radius with time cannot be obtained explicitly because of the need to solve a transcendental equation of cycloidal parameter with respect to time. By combining the Padé approximation and the Schröder formula, we construct an approximate analytical solution of radius as a function of time. Our method is a direct method rather than an iteration method and it requires only solving a cubic equation and evaluating three trigonometric functions. Compared with the existing methods, the accuracy and effectiveness of this method are clearly illustrated.
Zinc trafficking: 1,10-phenanthroline, glutathione, and other metal binding ligands form adducts with proteomic Zn2+
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Lund Eric , Petering David H
Published: April 2023

Hypotheses were tested that the proteome of pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells (i) contains Zn-proteins that react with a diversity of native and pharmacologically active metal-binding ligands to form ternary complexes and (ii) includes proteins that bind Zn2+ nonspecifically and together form ternary adducts with a variety of metal-binding agents. The method to observe ternary complex formation with Zn-proteins and proteome•Zn involved preformation of fluorescent TSQ [6-Methoxy-(8-p-toluenesulfonamido)quinoline]–Zn-proteins and/or proteome•Zn–TSQ adducts followed by competitive reaction with selected ligands. The loss of TSQ-dependent fluorescence signaled the replacement of TSQ by the competing ligand in the starting adducts. In vitro, 1,10-phenanthroline competed effectively with TSQ for binding to Zn-proteins in the proteome. The successful competition of 1,10-phenanthroline with TSQ–Zn-proteins was also observed in cells. Similarly, 1,10-phenanthroline was shown to bind to a sizable fraction of Zn2+ associated adventitiously with proteome (proteome•Zn). Other synthetic ligands that bind to Zn-proteins and proteome•Zn include 2,2-bipyridyl, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 2,2ʹ-dicarboxypyridine, and pyrithione. Such results suggest that ligand binding to such sites may play a role in the observed biological effects of these and other metal-binding molecules. Although cysteine does not significantly compete with TSQ, glutathione displaces TSQ from Zn-proteins and proteome•Zn at concentrations well below those found in cells, implying that ternary complex formation involving glutathione may be physiologically significant.
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and mental well-being: a systematic review
Authors: Tan Juanyi , Wang Christy , Tomiyama A Janet
Published: April 2023

Context

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is one of the most commonly prescribed diets for preventing and controlling hypertension. However, the relationship between the DASH diet and mental health and well-being has yet to be systematically understood.

Objective

To fill this gap, the present review systematically examined the current literature on the association between the DASH diet and mental health.

Data Sources

The Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases were systematically searched to identify eligible publications up to May 2021. Interventional and observational studies published in English allowing for inferences about mental well-being were included.

Data Extraction

Two authors independently assessed the quality of reviewed studies using the NIH quality assessment tool and extracted qualitative data. Conflicts were adjudicated by the senior author.

Data Analysis

A total of 16 studies involving 48 824 participants were included in the final review: Ten were observational studies and 6 were randomized controlled trials. On average, the methodological quality of the studies was medium strength. Mixed results on psychological measures were reported, but in general, the DASH diet was associated with better mental well-being. Five observational studies supported a negative association between adherence to the DASH diet and depressive symptoms/depression. Four randomized controlled trials provided evidence of the beneficial effects of the DASH diet on mental health, including quality of life and emotional symptoms.

Conclusion

The DASH diet likely has positive effects on mental well-being, but the results were inconsistent across different studies, which might be likely due to differences in methods of assessments of the DASH diet and mental health outcomes. Well-powered randomized controlled trials with mental well-being as the primary outcome are needed in the future.

Systematic Review Registration

PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021267667.
World Trade Center
Authors: Gyure Dale Allen
Published: April 2023

The original World Trade Center was commissioned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in 1962. The Port Authority envisioned the Trade Center as a new architectural symbol for New York. After soliciting ideas from many of the leading American architects of the time, the Port Authority selected Minoru Yamasaki and Associates over such notable architects as Philip Johnson, Walter Gropius and TAC, and Welton Becket and Associates. Yamasaki’s proposal included a “framed tube” construction technique that used closely spaced exterior vertical supports to carry the buildings’ loads; the system was first utilized by engineers Worthington, Skilling, Helle & Jackson (later Skilling, Helle, Christiansen & Robertson) in Yamasaki’s IBM Building in Seattle—designed just months before the World Trade Center. When the Port Authority asked Yamasaki to design the world’s tallest building, he responded with a proposal for two 110-story towers looming 1,350 feet over a five-acre public plaza ringed by secondary structures, with an underground city of shops, restaurants, and train tracks beneath. The architect unveiled the first model in January 1964 to favorable reviews; however, after a slightly modified version was presented to the public in 1966, the critical attitude toward the project switched from positive to negative, as some prominent former admirers of the initial scheme like Ada Louise Huxtable and Wolf Von Eckardt now became vehemently opposed. By the time construction was completed and the buildings occupied in the early 1970s, a few publications celebrated the World Trade Center’s technical achievements, but it mostly disappeared from the architectural literature. Aside from an ill-fated 1993 bombing attempt, the Twin Towers drew little attention from the architectural or popular press until their tragic destruction by terrorists on 11 September 2001. The subsequent rebuilding campaign, fraught with political and economic conflicts, became one of the most celebrated architectural projects of the early twenty-first century. (Note: This annotated bibliography concerns the architecture of the World Trade Center and its replacement, One World Trade Center, and will not include material about the 9/11 attack, the Twin Towers’ collapse, emergency responders and the site cleanup, or the design and construction of the 9/11 memorial.)
Chicago
Authors: Kryczka Nicholas
Published: April 2023

Located at the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan and in the northeast corner of the state of Illinois, the city of Chicago has been, since its founding in the early nineteenth century, the commercial, industrial, cultural, and transport hub of the American Midwest. In the context of the modern scientific study of urban space, urban culture, and public policy, Chicago has played an outsized part in the production of knowledge about city life. Urbanists have long framed Chicago as a quintessence of modernity, a place where the features and dynamics of distinct eras of urbanization unfolded in exaggerated form. Scholars of the nineteenth century have stressed its origins as a “shock city,” willed into existence by the hype of speculators, the dispossession of Indians, and feats of infrastructure. Those with eyes on the decades straddling the turn of the twentieth century have marveled at Chicago’s encapsulation of the extremes of industrial capitalism: its centrifugally sprawling and spewing landscape of factories and feedlots; its pitched battles between labor and capital; its utopian visions of a “City Beautiful”; its dense patchwork of immigrant working-class neighborhoods; and its self-conscious community of ambitious reformers and academics, whose studies of the city sealed its fate as urban hyper-exemplar. In the twentieth century, no city seemed better able to capture the unique paradoxes of the African American encounter with urban modernity. Chicago was at once the proving ground for multiple modern technologies of racial segregation and subordination, and a national mecca of black culture and commerce. It set unenviable records for the social miseries of the postindustrial ghetto, and served as an early and enduring incubator for black political talent. While “Chicago politics” remains a metonym for bossism, corruption, and bitter ethnic rivalries, the city’s political machinery has always been more dynamic than the caricature, whether in its iteration as a midcentury liberal “growth machine” or as a late-century “global city” technocracy. Chicago has served as a sharpening stone for multiple theoretical approaches to American politics. Indeed, entire fields of modern sociology, political science, social work, criminology, literature, architecture, comedy, political organizing, and education reform have relied on Chicago taking a role as laboratory, muse, or foil. As the author Richard Wright famously observed, “Chicago is the known city; perhaps more is known about it, how it is run, how it kills, how it loves, steals, helps, gives, cheats, and crushes than any other city in the world.” The titles assembled here provide continuing support for Wright’s claim.
Prehistoric Knossos
Authors: Christakis Kostis
Published: April 2023

Knossos lies among the inland hills 6 km (3.7 mi.) south of the city of Heraklion on the north central coast of Crete, in the valley of the river Kairatos and its tributary, the Therron. To the east rises the hill of Ai Lias, to the north is the low height of Kefala, to the south the hill of Gypsades, and roughly in the south of the valley stands the hill of Kephala tou Tselevi, where the Bronze Age palace was built. In the early seventh millennium bce, a settlement of farmers and herders arose on this low hill in the valley, forming one of the earliest known farming sedentary villages in Europe. Significant socioeconomic and ideological ferment, in the later third millennium bce on Crete, resulted in the appearance of proto-urban centers and the rise of complex sociopolitical structures. The most important center was Knossos, which in the following centuries became the largest city in the Aegean and Mainland Greece and one of the largest in the Eastern Mediterannean. Knossos was the most important political, economic, ideological, and artistic center of Crete and the Aegean, and its brilliance extended beyond the geographical limits of the island to Egypt and the empires of the East. Of course, how far the culturally leading role of Knossos may be interpreted as a sign of a lasting island-wide political system is highly debatable. Most Cretan centers were destroyed around 1450 bce, due to human agency. Knossos recovered quickly, emerging as the sole political center of the island. A hierarchical administrative system extended across almost the whole of Crete, accompanied by new forms of political, administrative, and ideological expression. Although the dominant view attributes these changes to the establishment of a mainland Mycenaean dynasty, it has been argued that this new order was the creation of a Knossian leadership that imposed its rule by the use of new instruments of power. Despite their military might, however, the rulers of Knossos were unable to maintain their authority for long. In 1325/1300 bce, the palace was destroyed. Knossos fell into decline, and the town shrank significantly. However, the memory of its Bronze Age glory remained alive in the Greek tradition of the historical era, in the tales of King Minos, son of Zeus and Europa, a powerful and merciless sovereign, highest judge of souls, inspired lawmaker, and ruler of the seas.
Greek Lexicon and Etymology
Authors: Kölligan Daniel , Dieu Éric
Published: April 2023

Ancient Greek was one of the most important languages of European and Near Eastern antiquity, influencing all aspects of later societies in Europe and beyond. Ever since the beginnings of the European philological and grammatical tradition in Hellenistic Greece and again from the Renaissance onwards its lexicon has been studied. The present bibliography tries to capture important, but by no means all, resources relevant for this field including both synchronic and diachronic treatments of the various layers of the Greek lexicon and its history. It focuses on semasiological works (i.e., studies looking from the signifier to the signified—the perspective adopted in traditional lexicons, listing the lemmas of a language and explaining their various meanings) under the assumption that most readers will be interested in lexicographic treatments of specific areas, epochs, dialects, authors, text types, etc., apart from Classical Greek in general. The bibliography is structured as follows: it first gives an overview of relevant bibliographies, journals, and research summaries. Next follows a list of lexicographic online resources, etymological dictionaries, and various types of synchronic dictionaries. These include general works aiming to encompass all of Classical Greek (including English-Greek dictionaries); reverse dictionaries sorting the lemmas from the end of the word; and those dedicated to specific genres, types of texts, epochs, authors, and to parts of the lexicon beyond common nouns (i.e., proper nouns referring to places or persons). The subsequent sections list works dealing with the various prehistoric and historic layers of the Greek lexicon. These layers comprise words inherited from the Indo-European protolanguage, loanwords that entered the Greek language in prehistoric or historical times, and words borrowed from Greek into other languages such as Latin or borrowed within Greek itself from one variety, the language of epic poetry, into other varieties or registers of Greek. The final section lists works on the history of Greek lexicography and exemplary lexicographic studies from antiquity and the modern era. Due to lack of space this bibliography does not include studies on word formation; for this topic see the references given in the bibliography Greek and Indo-European.
Medieval Latin
Authors: Cardelle de Hartmann Carmen , Binotto Dario
Published: April 2023

The term Medieval Latin refers to Latin from c. 500 until c. 1500 ce. In the first few centuries, Medieval Latin defines texts which contrive to follow the rules of formal literary language, in contrast to Vulgar Latin, which describes the non-formal registers of spoken language. Throughout its history, Medieval Latin texts often deviate from the usage of the canonical classical literature that was closely studied. The departures are owing partly to changes already evident in the grammatical writings and Christian poetry of Late Antiquity. Later developments reflect the influence of spoken languages (especially the Romance vernaculars) and the need of denominations for new realities. Most medieval authors received instruction in ecclesiastical institutions and many became clerics. Consequently their Latin was shaped by their daily readings and recitations from the Bible, liturgy, and Church Fathers. From the fourteenth century onward, the humanists endeavored to describe the usage of classical authors and to reestablish Classical Latin as a literary language. Medieval Latin orthography differs markedly from Classical. The differences may reflect the pronunciation of authors and scribes, but some variation also seems to have been tolerated. Some changes even became the new accepted norm (for instance e instead ae/oe from the twelfth century on). Morphological and syntactical changes mostly represent late antique developments which are continued and intensified, either through the influence of the spoken language or of the late antique readings. The greatest innovation, however, can be observed in vocabulary. The word stock was expanded through semantic adaptation and morphological changes, as well as through the incorporation of foreign words and neologisms. Medieval texts present a great range of linguistic variation, depending on the linguistic competence of the author, the register (for example administrative, literary, and legal language), and the style. Regional differences depend on the language spoken and school traditions, while other changes evolve over time. Moreover, many authors do not hesitate to depart from classical models by creating new genres, styles, and registers, sometimes by combining old ones. They adopt and further develop Late Antique innovations, such as the use of rhythm and rhyme.
Orhan Pamuk
Authors: Göknar Erdağ
Published: April 2023

Orhan Pamuk, one of the foremost practitioners of the global novel today, writes with a focus on Turkish culture, history, and politics while engaging techniques of world literature. Most of his work is set in Istanbul, Turkey, the former capital of the Ottoman Empire, and the city of his birth (1952). After graduating high school (the American Robert College, Istanbul), he studied architecture before receiving a degree in journalism from Istanbul University. Pamuk devoted himself to painting until the age of twenty-two before he decided to become a novelist. He published his first novel, Cevdet Bey and Sons (1982 Turkish; 2023 English), a three-generation saga ranging from the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic, when he was thirty. Pamuk is a faithful practitioner of what is termed the “East-West novel” genre in Turkish literature, which addresses fraught encounters of modernity between Ottoman or Turkish Muslim and European cultures. Pamuk’s first three novels recapitulate techniques of literary form from realism to modernism and to postmodernism. His fourth novel The Black Book (1990 Turkish; 1994 English), is an urban palimpsest of 1970s Istanbul that holds cult status in Turkey. Mixing and melding multiple genres from the historical novel to romance and the detective story to the political novel and autobiography, common tropes in Pamuk’s work include the double, identity, coups, obsessive love, Sufism/Islam, conspiracy, and murder mystery. With the publication of My Name is Red (1998 Turkish; 2001 English), a historical mystery about Islamic book arts, and Snow (2002 Turkish; 2004 English), a novel of coups and conspiracies with contemporary relevance, he became an author of global stature. Pamuk writes with a strong tone of loss and lament, which he describes as a form of collective melancholy that he identifies as hüzün. A public intellectual, he at times struggled with being a secular liberal author writing in a nationalistic Sunni Muslim majority country. In 2005 he was put on trial in Turkey for “insulting Turkishness” for comments he made in a Swiss interview about the Armenian genocide and Kurdish massacres in the late Ottoman and Turkish republican eras, respectively. The case was later dismissed. At the age of fifty-four, in 2006, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Pamuk’s subsequent work reflects the idea of the novelist as archivist and curator, perhaps best exemplified in the Museum of Innocence project that began with a novel in 2009, then an actual brick-and-mortar museum that opened in Istanbul in 2012, as well as a museum catalog and later a documentary film in 2015. His work, informed by intertextual allusions to the classics of Turkish and world literature, has been translated into over sixty languages and has sold over fifteen million copies globally. In recent years, Pamuk has expanded his aesthetic focus into photography and painting.
Digital Humanities and the Bible
Authors: Saint-Laurent Jeanne-Nicole Mellon
Published: April 2023

Digital humanities and the Bible is an arm of biblical studies that uses computing and linked data technologies to create tools, portals, electronic indices, digital textual editions, and digital publications for biblical research and pedagogy. The intersection of biblical studies and computing technology has transformed how scholars teach and study the Bible, its world and characters, and its interpretative history. Digital Bible scholars and theologians engage digital tools and applications in their research, teaching, and publishing. They also analyze how digital methods, databases, and visualization affect the dissemination of knowledge of the Bible. This article presents projects that elucidate how scholars can use digital tools to probe the questions of biblical studies and train scholars in the skills for studying the Bible. It includes introductory material for students and scholars new to the digital humanities. The digital scholarship addressed here is meant to help scholars recognize the size of different biblical textual corpora in the various languages of the ancient world. Collaborators in the digital humanities work across disciplinary boundaries. Biblical studies, too, which brings together theologians, philologists, historians, archaeologists, paleographers, and anthropologists, therefore, works well with the interdisciplinary nature of the digital humanities. Digital bible scholars work with librarian collections, archives, memory institutions, and the preservation of cultural heritage as this pertains to their field and the knowledge economy of the Bible: its textual history, its people and places, and its transmission.