bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CIEF‐LIF method for simultaneous analysis of multiple protein kinases and screening of inhibitors
Authors: Xiao Lixia , Liu Shengquan , Lin Lihua , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: April 2016

Here, a CIEF‐LIF method for multiple protein kinase simultaneous analysis and inhibitors throughput screening with fast rate and low cost is presented. Comparing with CZE, CIEF‐LIF exhibited great focusing ability and high separation efficiency for substrate and phosphorylated peptides, and is applicable for multiple kinases simultaneous analysis regardless of their substrate peptides compositions and charge statuses. Thus, highly sensitive analysis for cyclic adenosine 3’, 5’‐monophosphate‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) was achieved in CIEF‐LIF analysis with detection sensitivity up to 1.25 mU/μL and 0.4 mU/μL, respectively, two magnitudes higher than that of CZE and comparable with that in nanomaterials or green fluorescent protein‐based kinase assay. Moreover, the inhibition effect of inhibitors on multiple kinases could be simultaneously readout in a single electrophoretic run, with half maximal inhibitory concentration of H‐89 for PKA and Ro‐3306 for CDK1 calculated as 37.0 and 35.9 nM, respectively, consistent with literatures reported. The CIEF‐LIF also exhibited strong anti‐interference ability in human breast cancer cell lysates analysis and simulators such as forskolin and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxantine assessment. Therefore, CIEF‐LIF is desirable for future biological application and clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.
Electrospinning of magnetic cellulose tris‐(4‐methylbenzoate) microparticles for enantioselective adsorption of racemic drug
Authors: Huang Tengjun , Song Peipei , Jiang Li , Peng Yan , Feng Shun , Wang Jide
Published: April 2016

In this work, we introduce electrospinning to prepare magnetic enantioselective material for the first time. Multianalytical tools were used to characterize the resulted magnetic cellulose tris‐(4‐methylbenzoate) particles including transmission electron microscopy, SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffractometer. Under the optimum conditions, the resulted particles were well‐shaped sphere with a diameter range of 800 nm to 2 μm and high magnetic sensitivity. The enantioselectivity of the adsorbents was evaluated using racemic ibuprofen as a model drug; an e.e. value of −4.78% (where e.e. is enantiomeric excess) was achieved in a single adsorption stage. We hope that our finding provides an efficient and economical procedure for the preparation of magnetic enantioselective materials with high selectivity and reproducibility.
SPH modelling of depth‐limited turbulent open channel flows over rough boundaries
Authors: Kazemi Ehsan , Nichols Andrew , Tait Simon , Shao Songdong
Published: April 2016

A numerical model based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method is developed to simulate depth‐limited turbulent open channel flows over hydraulically rough beds. The 2D Lagrangian form of the Navier–Stokes equations is solved, in which a drag‐based formulation is used based on an effective roughness zone near the bed to account for the roughness effect of bed spheres and an improved sub‐particle‐scale model is applied to account for the effect of turbulence. The sub‐particle‐scale model is constructed based on the mixing‐length assumption rather than the standard Smagorinsky approach to compute the eddy‐viscosity. A robust in/out‐flow boundary technique is also proposed to achieve stable uniform flow conditions at the inlet and outlet boundaries where the flow characteristics are unknown. The model is applied to simulate uniform open channel flows over a rough bed composed of regular spheres and validated by experimental velocity data. To investigate the influence of the bed roughness on different flow conditions, data from 12 experimental tests with different bed slopes and uniform water depths are simulated, and a good agreement has been observed between the model and experimental results of the streamwise velocity and turbulent shear stress. This shows that both the roughness effect and flow turbulence should be addressed in order to simulate the correct mechanisms of turbulent flow over a rough bed boundary and that the presented smoothed particle hydrodynamics model accomplishes this successfully. © 2016 The Authors International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Ncx3 gene ablation impairs oligodendrocyte precursor response and increases susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Casamassa Antonella , La Rocca Claudia , Sokolow Sophie , Herchuelz Andre , Matarese Giuseppe , Annunziato Lucio , Boscia Francesca
Published: April 2016

The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX3, recently identified as a myelin membrane component, is involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]i during oligodendrocyte maturation. Here NCX3 involvement was studied in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Western blotting and quantitative colocalization studies performed in wild‐type ncx3+/+ mice at different stages of EAE disease showed that NCX3 protein was intensely upregulated during the chronic stage, where it was intensely coexpressed with the oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC) marker NG2 and the premyelinating marker CNPase. Moreover, MOG35‐55‐immunized mice lacking the ncx3 gene displayed not only a reduced diameter of axons and an intact myelin ring number but also a dramatic decrease in OPC and pre‐myelinating cells in the white matter of the spinal cord when compared with ncx3+/+. Accordingly, ncx3−/− and ncx3+/− mutants developed early onset of EAE and more severe clinical symptoms. Interestingly, cytofluorimetric analysis revealed that during the peak stage of the disease, the number of immune T‐cell subsets in ncx3−/− mice, was not statistically different from that measured in ncx3+/+. Our findings demonstrate that knocking‐out NCX3 impairs oligodendrocyte response and worsens clinical symptoms in EAE without altering the immune T‐cell population. GLIA 2016;64:1124–1137
Reservoirs are hotspots of nitrogen cycling in peatland catchments
Authors: Edokpa D. A. , Evans M. G. , Rothwell J. J.
Published: April 2016

This study presents input–output budgets of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), dissolved organic N (DON) and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) for a reservoir in a peatland catchment in the south Pennines (UK). This site receives high levels of atmospheric inorganic N deposition, in the range of 26 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The results show that the reservoir retains ~21 to 31% of the annual TDN input (8806 ± 741 kg N). Approximately 39 to 55% of DON (3782 ± 653 kg N) and 6 to 13% of DIN (5024 ± 349 kg N) were retained/processed. A long water retention time (104 days), average annual pH of 6.5, high concentrations of DIN in the reservoir water and a deep water column suggest that denitrification is potentially a key mechanism of N retention/removal. The results also demonstrate that DON is potentially photodegraded and utilized within the reservoir, particularly during the summer season when 58 to 80% of DON input (682 ± 241 kg N) was retained, and a net export of DIN (~34 kg N) was observed. The findings therefore suggest that DON may play a more crucial role in the biogeochemistry of peat‐dominated acid sensitive upland freshwater systems than previously thought. Reservoirs, impoundments and large lakes in peatland catchments may be important sites in mediating downstream N transport and speciation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unveiling the effect of three‐dimensional bioactive fibre mesh scaffolds functionalized with silanol groups on bacteria growth
Authors: Rodrigues Ana I. , Franco Albina R. , Rodrigues Fernando J. , Leonor Isabel B. , Reis Rui L.
Published: April 2016

The need to replace or repair deteriorating bones and simultaneously prevent the formation of bacteria biofilm without impairing local tissue integration has pushed scientists to look for new designs and processing methods to develop innovative biomaterials. Silicon‐based biomaterials, widely studied for application in bone regeneration, have demonstrated antibacterial properties. Herein, the aim of this work is to investigate the potential of the functionalization of biomaterials surfaces with silanol groups to prevent the bacterial biofilm formation. For that, we evaluated the adherence and biofilm formation ofEscherichia coli(E. coli, Gram negative) andStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus, Gram positive) on starch‐based scaffolds. Three‐dimensional fibre meshes scaffolds were developed by wet‐spinning and functionalized with silanol (Si—OH) groups using a calcium silicate solution as a nonsolvent. The functionalization of the scaffolds was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The developed scaffolds showed no biocide activity against the bacterial tested, although the colony‐forming units (CFU) mL−1counts were significant lower between 4 and 12 h of incubation for both bacteria. The adherenceof E. coliandS. aureusto the scaffolds was also investigated. After a growth period of 12 h, the SPCL scaffolds functionalized with Si—OH groups showed a reduced bacterial adherence ofE. coliandS. aureus. The functionalized scaffolds showed a positive effect in preventing the formation of biofilm in the case ofS. aureus, however, in the case ofE. colithis was not observed, suggesting that silanol groups may only have a positive effect in preventing the proliferation of gram‐positive bacteria. Thein vitrobiological assessment of the functionalized materials showed that these materials sustained cell proliferation and induced their osteogenic differentiation. The outcome of this work suggests that the presence of Si—OH groups in SPCL scaffolds maintained bactericidal activity againstS. aureus. Further research is still needed in order to understand the full antibacterial potential of Si—OH groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2189–2199, 2016.
Responses of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets dependent on the surface topography of polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Lamichhane Sujan , Anderson Jordan A. , Remund Tyler , Sun Hongli , Larson Mark K. , Kelly Patrick , Mani Gopinath
Published: April 2016

In this study, the effect of different structures (flat, expanded, and electrospun) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on the interactions of endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and platelets was investigated. In addition, the mechanisms that govern the interactions between ECs, SMCs, and platelets with different structures of PTFE were discussed. The surface characterizations showed that the different structures of PTFE have the same surface chemistry, similar surface wettability and zeta potential, but uniquely different surface topography. The viability, proliferation, morphology, and phenotype of ECs and SMCs interacted with different structures of PTFE were investigated. Expanded PTFE (ePTFE) provided a relatively better surface for the growth of ECs. In case of SMC interactions, although all the different structures of PTFE inhibited SMC growth, a maximum inhibitory effect was observed for ePTFE. In case of platelet interactions, the electrospun PTFE provided a better surface for preventing the adhesion and activation of platelets. Thus, this study demonstrated that the responses of ECs, SMCs, and platelets strongly dependent on the surface topography of the PTFE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2291–2304, 2016.
Diphenylalanine peptide nanotubes self‐assembled on functionalized metal surfaces for potential application in drug‐eluting stent
Authors: Zohrabi Tayebeh , Habibi Neda , Zarrabi Ali , Fanaei Maryam , Lee Lai Yeng
Published: April 2016

This study focuses on the potential of diphenylalanine self‐assembled peptide nanotubes (FF Nts) for delivery of flufenamic acid (FA) from metal implants. Self‐assembly of FF Nts was studied in solution and on surfaces of glass, silicone and gold substrates. FA was loaded inside the shell of FF Nts and subsequently FF/FA Nts were attached to gold surfaces. The substrate were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Release of FA from FF Nts were investigated by immersing coated metal substrates in phosphate‐buffered saline for 12 days. Self‐assembly of FF in water and solvent resulted in formation of nanotubes, which efficiently loaded 98% of FA with concentration of 20 µg/mL. FESEM images confirmed successful attachment of FF/FA Nts to functionalized gold substrates. In vitro release studies indicated using FF Nts has prolonged the release rate of FA for several days. Biocompatibility studied confirmed more than 50% of the cells were alive in concentration of 250–1000 µg/mL of FF Nts thus suggesting the potential of peptide based self‐assemble nanostructures as an alternate system for polymer coating in drugs eluting stents. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2280–2290, 2016.
Response of duplex Cr(N)/S and Cr(C)/S coatings on 316L stainless steel to tribocorrosion in 0.89% NaCl solution under plastic contact conditions
Authors: Sun Y. , Dearnley P. A. , Mallia Bertram
Published: April 2016

Two duplex coatings, Cr(N)/S and Cr(C)/S, were deposited on 316 L stainless steel by magnetron sputtering. The effectiveness of these duplex coatings in improving the tribocorrosion behavior of medical alloys under elastic contact conditions has been demonstrated in a recent publication. The present work focused on the response of these duplex coatings to tribocorrosion under plastic contact conditions. Tribocorrosion tests were conducted in 0.89% NaCl solution at 37°C at an initial contact pressure of 740 MPa and under unidirectional sliding conditions for sliding duration up to 24 h. The results showed that during sliding in the corrosive solution, the duplex coatings were plastically deformed into the substrate to a depth about 1 μm. The Cr(C)/S duplex coating had sufficient ductility to accommodate the deformation without cracking, such that it was worn through gradually, leading to the gradual increase in open circuit potential (OCP) and coefficient of friction (COF). On the other hand, the Cr(N)/S duplex coating suffered from cracking at all tested potentials, leading to coating blistering after prolonged sliding at OCP and stable pit formation in the substrate beneath the coating at applied anodic potentials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1503–1513, 2017.
Enhanced intracellular soluble production of 3‐ketosteroid‐Δ1‐dehydrogenase from Mycobacterium neoaurum in Escherichia coli and its application in the androst‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione production
Authors: Shao Minglong , Chen Yaling , Zhang Xian , Rao Zhiming , Xu Meijuan , Yang Taowei , Li Hui , Xu Zhenghong , Yang Shangtian
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

The 3‐ketosteroid‐Δ1‐dehydrogenase (KSDD) expressed in Escherichia coli was mainly in the form of inclusion bodies and the KSDD enzyme activity was at a low level. Therefore, the regulation of process conditions and supplementation of natural osmolytes were carried out to improve the soluble expression of KSDD in E. coli.

RESULTS

Effects of temperature, inducer concentration, and osmolytes (K‐glutamate, proline, and betaine) supplementation on cell growth and soluble KSDD production in recombinant Escherichia coli were investigated. With the decrease of cultivation temperature, lower isopropyl β‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration, and betaine addition, high intracellular soluble KSDD production was realized in the recombinant E. coli BL21/pET28a‐ksdd and the KSDD enzyme activity reached 11.7 U mg−1, which is the highest KSDD activity ever reported. In addition, the whole‐cell biocatalyst of this recombinant strain was used for bioconversion of androst‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (AD) to androst‐1,4‐diene‐3,17‐dione (ADD). By optimization of the transformation conditions and applying a fed‐batch strategy, a final ADD yield of 5.7 g L−1 was achieved with a productivity of 0.158 g (L h)−1, which is the highest reported productivity using a microbial process. More importantly, no by‐products were detected during the whole bioconversion process.

CONCLUSION

These results provide the basis for industrial scale production of ADD. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy on left ventricular systolic function in men versus women
Authors: Kemaloğlu Öz Tuğba , Ünal Dayı Şennur , Seyit Hakan , Öz Ayhan , Ösken Altuğ , Atasoy Işıl , Yıldız Ufuk , Özpamuk Karadeniz Fatma , İpek Göktürk , Köneş Osman , Alış Halil
Published: April 2016

Purpose

To evaluate and compare the effects of weight lost after sleeve gastrectomy on left ventricular (LV) systolic function using both two‐dimensional speckle tracking (2D‐STE) and three‐dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in men versus women.

Methods

In 53 obese patients referred for sleeve gastrectomy, 2D‐STE and 3DE were performed prior to and 6 months after surgery.

Results

The study included 53 obese patients (62.3% female; mean age 36.8 ± 10.7 years). Six months after surgery, all patients demonstrated a significant decrease in body mass index, body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, LV end‐diastolic dimension, myocardial wall thickness, LV mass, LV mass index, LV mass/height2.7, LV end‐diastolic volume, LV end‐systolic volume, and stroke volume as well as an increase in SV index and ejection fraction. There was no significant difference in measured variables between men and women at baseline or postsurgery, except for baseline LV end‐diastolic dimension, and baseline and after surgery LV mass, LV mass index, and LV mass/height2.7, which were all significantly higher in men.

Conclusions

Sleeve gastrectomy improves LV systolic function and contributes to reverse LV remodeling in both genders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:492–499, 2016
Percutaneous ultrasound‐guided core needle biopsy of solid pancreatic masses: Results in 250 patients
Authors: Kahriman Guven , Ozcan Nevzat , Dogan Serap , Ozmen Soner , Deniz Kemal
Published: April 2016

Background

To determine the diagnostic accuracy and complications of percutaneous sonographic (US)‐guided core needle‐needle biopsy in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses.

Methods

Cases of US‐guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of solid pancreatic masses performed in our department between July 2009 and June 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The demographic data, lesions' size and location, pathology results, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and complications of the biopsies were determined.

Results

A total of 250 patients (150 males, 100 females; age range, 16–88 years; mean age, 64.3 ± 12.1 years) were included in the study. The overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of all 250 biopsies were 94.8%, 94.3%, 97.2%, 99.5%, and 75%, respectively, and changed to 98.4%, 99%, 94.7%, 99%, and 94.7%, respectively, after the biopsy was repeated in 12 patients. Four (1.6%) major complications, including a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery, and three cases of acute pancreatitis, and one (0.4%) minor complication (a vaso‐vagal syncope), were observed. There was no biopsy‐related death.

Conclusions

US‐guided percutaneous core needle biopsy is a safe and highly effective method with acceptable complication rates in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:470–473, 2016
Successful implementation of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy at a medical respite facility for homeless patients
Authors: Beieler Alison M. , Dellit Timothy H. , Chan Jeannie D. , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Enzian Leslie K. , Stone Tamera J. , Dwyer‐O'Connor Edward , Lynch John B.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a safe way to administer intravenous (IV) antimicrobial therapy to patients with the potential to decrease hospital length of stay (LOS). Often, homeless patients with complex infections, who could otherwise be treated as an outpatient, remain in the hospital for the duration of IV antibiotic treatment. Injection drug use (IDU) is a barrier to OPAT.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate our experience with administering OPAT to homeless patients at a medical respite facility and determine if patients could complete a successful course of antibiotics.

DESIGN

Using retrospective chart review, demographics, diagnosis, and comorbidities including mental illness, current IDU, and remote IDU (>3 months ago) were recorded. Surgical, microbiologic, and antimicrobial therapy including route (IV or oral), duration of therapy, and adverse events were abstracted.

PARTICIPANTS

Homeless patients >18 years old who received OPAT at medical respite after discharge, no exclusions.

MAIN MEASUREMENTS

Primary outcome was successful completion of OPAT at medical respite. Secondary outcome was successful antimicrobial course completion for a specific diagnosis.

RESULTS

Forty‐six (87%) patients successfully completed a defined course of antibiotic therapy. Thirty‐four (64%) patients were successfully treated with OPAT at medical respite. Readmission rate was 30%. The average length of OPAT was 22 days. The cost savings to our institution (using $1500/day inpatient cost) was $25,000 per episode of OPAT.

CONCLUSIONS

OPAT can be successful in a supervised medical respite setting for homeless patients with the help of a multidisciplinary team, and can decrease inpatient LOS resulting in cost savings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:531–535. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Biosurfactant production by hydrocarbon‐degrading Brevibacterium and Vibrio isolates from the sea pen Pteroeides spinosum (Ellis, 1764)
Authors: Graziano Marco , Rizzo Carmen , Michaud Luigi , Porporato Erika Maria Diletta , De Domenico Emilio , Spanò Nunziacarla , Lo Giudice Angelina
Published: April 2016

Among filter‐feeders, pennatulids are the most complex and polymorphic members of the cnidarian class Anthozoa. They display a wide distribution throughout all the oceans, constituting a significant component of the sessile megafauna from intertidal to abyssal depths. In this study, a total of 118 bacterial isolates from enrichment cultures, carried out with homogenates of the sea pen Pteroeides spinosum (Ellis, 1764), were screened for hydrocarbon utilization by using the 2,6‐dichlorophenol indophenol assay. Among them, 83 hydrocarbon‐oxidizing isolates were analyzed for biosurfactant production by standard screening tests (i.e., emulsifying activity, E24 detection, surface tension measurement, microplate assay). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the affiliation of the most promising isolates to the genera Brevibacterium and Vibrio. Biosurfactant production resulted strongly affected by salinity and temperature conditions, and occurred in the presence of diesel oil and/or crude oil, whereas no production was observed when isolates were grown on tetradecane. The strains resulted able to create stable emulsions, thus suggesting the production of biosurfactants. Further analyses revealed a glycolipidic nature of the biosurfactant extracted from Vibrio sp. PBN295, a genus that has been only recently reported as biosurfactant producer. Results suggest that pennatulids could represent a novel source for the isolation of hydrocarbon‐oxidizing bacteria with potential in biosurfactant production.
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction for determination of the total malachite green, gentian violet and leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet in aquaculture water by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection
Authors: Zhao Jiao , Wei Daqiao , Yang Yaling
Published: April 2016

In this study, magnetic multi‐walled carbon nanotube nanoparticles were synthesized and used as the adsorbent for the sums of malachite green, gentian violet and leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet in aquaculture water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. This method was based on in situ reduction of chromic malachite green, gentian violet to colorless leucomalachite green, leucogentian violet with potassium borohydride, respectively. The obtained adsorbent combines the advantages of carbon nanotubes and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in one material for separation and preconcentration of the reductive dyes in aqueous media. The structure and properties of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The main parameters affecting the adsorption recoveries were investigated and optimized, including reducing agent concentration, type and amount of sorbent, sample pH, and eluting conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection in this method were 0.22 and 0.09 ng/mL for malachite green and gentian violet, respectively. Product recoveries ranged from 87.0 to 92.8% with relative standard deviations from 4.6 to 5.9%. The results indicate that the sorbent is a suitable material for the removal and concentration of triphenylmethane dyes from polluted environmental samples.
Office‐based biopsies for laryngeal lesions: Analysis of consecutive 581 cases
Authors: Cha Wonjae , Yoon Byung‐Woo , Jang Jeon Yeob , Lee Jin Choon , Lee Byung Joo , Wang Soo‐Geun , Cho Jae Keun , Cho Ilyoung
Published: April 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Office‐based biopsy (OBB) is widely used to diagnose suspicious laryngeal lesions. However, its routine use is still controversial and the algorithm for clinical strategy is not concrete. We tried to evaluate the accuracy of OBB as a diagnostic tool for laryngeal malignancy.

Methods

Medical data of 581 patients undergoing OBB were reviewed. Diagnostic values of OBB were analyzed for malignancy and malignancy/premalignancy. False negative rates (FNRs) were analyzed according to subsites, lesion sizes, and morphology.

Results

The collection rate of adequate specimens was 99.1%, and there were no complications during OBB. The false omission rates for malignancy of benign lesion; mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia; and carcinoma in situ (CIS) were 5.1%, 11.9%, 14.3%, 50.0%, and 100.0%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for malignancy in OBB were 78.2%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 87.3%, respectively. Those for malignancy/premalignancy in OBB were 88.2%, 86.7%, 85.7%, and 89.1%, respectively. The high FNRs were reported in glottis lesions (27.0%) and small lesions below 1 cm (27.5%). Morphologically fungating lesions showed low FNR (9.1%) compared to nonfungating ones.

Conclusion

Office‐based biopsy could be used as an initial diagnostic tool for laryngeal malignancy for early detection and avoidance of general anesthesia. However, operative re‐biopsy should be considered when severe dysplasia or CIS were reported in OBB, or when the lesions are clinically suspicious for malignancy.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2513–2519, 2016
The presentation and management of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis) in the pediatric airway
Authors: Lee Pui Y. , Adil Eelam A. , Irace Alexandria L. , Neff Laura , Son Mary Beth F. , Lee Edward Y. , Perez‐Atayde Antonio , Rahbar Reza
Published: April 2016

Objective

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a necrotizing inflammatory disease that can affect the airway. The purpose of this study was to present a case of pediatric laryngotracheal GPA and provide management recommendations based on a thorough review of the literature.

Data Sources

Retrospective chart and literature review

Review Methods

A pediatric patient with laryngotracheal and pulmonary manifestations of GPA who underwent chemotherapy and intralesional corticosteroid injection is described. An extensive literature review of pediatric GPA affecting the larynx/trachea was also performed.

Results

A pediatric patient presented with acute respiratory distress. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed a laryngeal mass. Magnetic resonance imaging showed circumferential subglottic stenosis, and chest computed tomography demonstrated multiple pulmonary nodules. Laryngeal and tracheal biopsy revealed granulation tissue and primary vasculitis. Labs demonstrated positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, consistent with GPA. Methylprednisone, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, and intralesional steroid injection resulted in remission after 12 weeks. Review of the literature revealed two pediatric cases series and 10 case reports of GPA affecting the larynx or trachea.

Conclusions

There is a higher prevalence of GPA of the airway in children when compared to adults. Biopsy of the airway lesion may not be necessary and has lower diagnostic yield compared to other GPA subsites. Medical management includes induction therapy followed by maintenance therapy once the disease is in remission. Most patients will require a surgical intervention to maintain the airway.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 127:233–240, 2017
Intention‐to‐treat survival analysis of hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected liver transplant: Is it the waiting list?
Authors: Araiz Juan J. , Serrano M. Trinidad , García‐Gil Francisco A. , Lacruz Elena M. , Lorente Sara , Sánchez José I. , Suarez Miguel A.
Published: April 2016

In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients, the accelerated severity of liver disease, associated comorbidities, and mortality on the waiting list could change the possibility and results of liver transplantation (LT). Intention‐to‐treat survival analysis (ITTA) can accurately estimate the applicability and efficacy of LT. The primary objective of this study was to compare the survival of patients with HCV with and without HIV infection. We analyzed a cohort of 199 patients with HCV infection enrolled for LT between 1998 and 2015; 17 were also infected with HIV. The patients with HCV/HIV coinfection had higher mortality on the waiting list than those with HCV monoinfection (35.3% versus 4.6%; P < 0.001). ITTA at 1, 3, and 4 years was 75%, 64%, and 57% for HCV monoinfection and 52%, 47%, and 39% for HCV/HIV coinfection, respectively (Wilcoxon test P < 0.05). The ITTA at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months was 96%, 91%, 87%, and 75% for HCV monoinfection and 76%, 70%, 64%, and 52% for HCV/HIV coinfection, respectively (log‐rank P < 0.05; Wilcoxon test P < 0.01). A Cox regression analysis was carried out including all variables with predictive value in the univariate analysis, showing that only donor age > 70 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.12; P < 0.05), United Network for Organ Sharing status 1 (HR = 10.1; P < 0.01), Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (HR = 1.13; P < 0.001), and HIV coinfection (HR = 2.65; P < 0.05) had independent negative predictive value for survival. In conclusion, our study indicates that HIV coinfection is a factor in mortality prior to transplantation and associated with higher mortality on the waiting list. Liver Transplantation 22 1186–1196 2016 AASLD
Cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) mapping with hyperventilation challenge using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Zhou Dong , Nguyen Thanh D. , Spincemaille Pascal , Gupta Ajay , Wang Yi
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Our objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of using hyperventilation as an efficient vasoconstrictive challenge and prior knowledge as denoising constraints for cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) mapping based upon quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods

Three‐dimensional (3D) multi‐echo gradient echo and arterial spin labeling imaging were performed to calculate QSM and perfusion maps before and after a hyperventilation challenge in 11 healthy subjects. For comparison, this was repeated using a caffeine challenge. Whole‐brain CMRO2 and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) maps were computed using constrained optimization. Hyperventilation scans were repeated to measure reproducibility. Regional agreement of CMRO2 and OEF maps was analyzed within the cortical gray matter (CGM) using t‐test and Bland‐Altman plots.

Results

Hyperventilation challenge eliminates the 30‐min waiting time needed for caffeine to exert its vasoconstrictive effects. Mean CMRO2 (in µmol/100g/min) obtained in CGM using the caffeine and repeated hyperventilation scans were 149 ± 16, 153 ± 19, and 150 ± 20, respectively. This corresponded to an OEF of 33.6 ± 3.4%, 32.3 ± 3.2%, and 34.1 ± 3.8% at baseline state and 39.8 ± 4.8%, 43.6 ± 6.2%, and 42.8 ± 6.8% at challenged state, respectively. Hyperventilation scans produced a good agreement of CMRO2 and OEF values.

Conclusions

Hyperventilation is a feasible, reproducible, and efficient vasoconstrictive challenge for QSM‐based quantitative CMRO2 mapping. Magn Reson Med 77:1762–1773, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Rasch analysis of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–computer adaptive test (PEDI‐CAT) item bank for children and young adults with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Pasternak Amy , Sideridis Georgios , Fragala‐Pinkham Maria , Glanzman Allan M. , Montes Jacqueline , Dunaway Sally , Salazar Rachel , Quigley Janet , Pandya Shree , O'Riley Susan , Greenwood Jonathan , Chiriboga Claudia , Finkel Richard , Tennekoon Gihan , Martens William B. , McDermott Michael P. , Fournier Heather (Szelag) , Madabusi Lavanya , Harrington Timothy , Cruz Rosangel E. , LaMarca Nicole M. , Videon Nancy M. , Vivo Darryl C. De , Darras Basil T. ,   the Muscle Study Group (MSG) and the Pediatric Neuromuscular Clinical Research Network for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (PNCRN)
Published: April 2016

Introduction: In this study we evaluated the suitability of a caregiver‐reported functional measure, the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory–Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI‐CAT), for children and young adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods: PEDI‐CAT Mobility and Daily Activities domain item banks were administered to 58 caregivers of children and young adults with SMA. Rasch analysis was used to evaluate test properties across SMA types. Results: Unidimensional content for each domain was confirmed. The PEDI‐CAT was most informative for type III SMA, with ability levels distributed close to 0.0 logits in both domains. It was less informative for types I and II SMA, especially for mobility skills. Item and person abilities were not distributed evenly across all types. Conclusions: The PEDI‐CAT may be used to measure functional performance in SMA, but additional items are needed to identify small changes in function and best represent the abilities of all types of SMA. Muscle Nerve 54: 1097–1107, 2016
Iron quantification with susceptibility
Authors: Ropele Stefan , Langkammer Christian
Published: April 2016

Iron is an essential trace element involved in a variety of biological mechanisms in the human body. Disturbances of iron homeostasis have been observed in several inflammatory and degenerative diseases, which have raised strong interest in non‐invasive iron mapping techniques. Numerous MRI techniques have been proposed so far, mostly based on the field changes induced by the magnetic properties of iron. Each of these approaches has a specific sensitivity for iron and its microstructural environment. Quantitative susceptibility mapping is the latest development and provides a direct measure of bulk susceptibility. However, field changes induced by iron are not always directly related to the concentration of iron, but rather reflect the structure of iron compounds and its cellular distribution. This review provides an overview of the most relevant iron compounds in the human body, their magnetic properties and their cellular distribution. In addition, MRI methods based on direct or indirect susceptibility changes are presented and discussed with respect to technical aspects and clinical applicability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended discontinuous Galerkin methods for two‐phase flows: the spatial discretization
Authors: Kummer Florian
Published: April 2016

This work discusses a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization for two‐phase flows. The fluid interface is represented by a level set, and the DG approximation space is adapted such that jumps and kinks in pressure and velocity fields can be approximated sharply. This adaption of the original DG space, which can be performed ‘on‐the‐fly’ for arbitrary interface shapes, is referred to as extended discontinuous Galerkin. By combining this ansatz with a special quadrature technique, one can regain spectral convergence properties for low‐regularity solutions, which is demonstrated by numerical examples. This work focuses on the aspects of spatial discretization, and special emphasis is devoted on how to overcome problems related to quadrature, small cut cells, and condition number of linear systems. Temporal discretization will be discussed in future works. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative on Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Practice
Authors: Jacobi Judith , Ray Shaunta' , Danelich Ilya , Dodds Ashley Elizabeth , Eckel Stephen , Guharoy Roy , Militello Michael , O'Donnell Paul , Sam Teena , Crist Stephanie M. , Smidt Danielle
Published: April 2016

This paper describes the goals of the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists' Pharmacy Practice Model Initiative (PPMI) and its recommendations for health‐system pharmacy practice transformation to meet future patient care needs and elevate the role of pharmacists as patient care providers. PPMI envisions a future in which pharmacists have greater responsibility for medication‐related outcomes and technicians assume greater responsibility for product‐related activities. Although the PPMI recommendations have elevated the level of practice in many settings, they also potentially affect existing clinical pharmacists, in general, and clinical pharmacy specialists, in particular. Moreover, although more consistent patient care can be achieved with an expanded team of pharmacist providers, the role of clinical pharmacy specialists must not be diminished, especially in the care of complex patients and populations. Specialist practitioners with advanced training and credentials must be available to model and train pharmacists in generalist positions, residents, and students. Indeed, specialist practitioners are often the innovators and practice leaders. Negotiation between hospitals and pharmacy schools is needed to ensure a continuing role for academic clinical pharmacists and their contributions as educators and researchers. Lessons can be applied from disciplines such as nursing and medicine, which have developed new models of care involving effective collaboration between generalists and specialists. Several different pharmacy practice models have been described to meet the PPMI goals, based on available personnel and local goals. Studies measuring the impact of these new practice models are needed.
Development of a MALDI MS‐based platform for early detection of acute kidney injury
Authors: Carrick Emma , Vanmassenhove Jill , Glorieux Griet , Metzger Jochen , Dakna Mohammed , Pejchinovski Martin , Jankowski Vera , Mansoorian Bahareh , Husi Holger , Mullen William , Mischak Harald , Vanholder Raymond , Van Biesen Wim
Published: April 2016

Purpose

Septic acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with poor outcome. This can partly be attributed to delayed diagnosis and incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Our aim was to develop an early predictive test for AKI based on the analysis of urinary peptide biomarkers by MALDI‐MS.

Experimental design

Urine samples from 95 patients with sepsis were analyzed by MALDI‐MS. Marker search and multimarker model establishment were performed using the peptide profiles from 17 patients with existing or within the next 5 days developing AKI and 17 with no change in renal function. Replicates of urine sample pools from the AKI and non‐AKI patient groups and normal controls were also included to select the analytically most robust AKI markers.

Results

Thirty‐nine urinary peptides were selected by cross‐validated variable selection to generate a support vector machine multidimensional AKI classifier. Prognostic performance of the AKI classifier on an independent validation set including the remaining 61 patients of the study population (17 controls and 44 cases) was good with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.82 and a sensitivity and specificity of 86% and 76%, respectively.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

A urinary peptide marker model detects onset of AKI with acceptable accuracy in septic patients. Such a platform can eventually be transferred to the clinic as fast MALDI‐MS test format.
Acibenzolar‐S‐methyl may prevent vector‐mediated flavescence dorée phytoplasma transmission, but is ineffective in inducing recovery of infected grapevines
Authors: Miliordos Dimitrios E , Galetto Luciana , Ferrari Ester , Pegoraro Mattia , Marzachì Cristina , Bosco Domenico
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

Acibenzolar‐S‐methyl (BTH), a functional analogue of salicylic acid (SA), is known to elicit a systemic resistance across a broad range of plant–pathogen interactions, but so far it has not been tested against flavescence dorée (FDP), one of the most devastating grapevine diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity of BTH in preventing FDP transmission by the insect vector and in inducing recovery of infected grapevines.

RESULTS

Repeated 2 mM applications of BTH to test grapevine cuttings (cv. Barbera) exposed to adults of the infectious vector Scaphoideus titanus Ball reduced the rate of infected plants. The effect was not recorded following similar BTH applications to highly susceptible young in vitro propagated vines. A high natural recovery rate (more than 70%) was observed over a 3 year period in field‐infected grapevines of the same cultivar. Under these conditions, BTH repeated applications over the whole period clearly failed to increase recovery of field‐infected grapevines.

CONCLUSION

Following a 3 year experiment, it can be concluded that, although high doses and repeated applications of BTH reduced vector transmission of FDP, BTH was ineffective in inducing recovery of FDP‐infected grapevines cv. Barbera under field conditions. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes Raman generation in monoisotopic CVD 12C‐diamond
Authors: Kaminskii Alexander A. , Lux Oliver , Ralchenko Victor G. , Bolshakov Andrey P. , Rhee Hanjo , Eichler Hans J. , Shirakawa Akira , Yoneda Hitoki
Published: April 2016

We determined, for the first time, the room temperature phonon energy related to the F2g vibration mode (ωSRS(12C) ∼ 1333.2 cm–1) in a mono‐crystalline single‐isotope CVD 12C‐diamond crystal by means of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectroscopy. Picosecond one‐micron excitation using a Nd3+:Y3Al5O12‐laser generates a nearly two‐octave spanning SRS frequency comb (∼12000 cm–1) consisting of higher‐order Stokes and anti‐Stokes components. The spacing of the spectral lines was found to differ by ΔωSRS ∼ 0.9 cm–1 from the comb spacing (ωSRS(natC) ∼ 1332.3 cm–1) when pumping a conventional CVD diamond crystal with a natural composition of the two stable carbon isotopes 12C (98.93%) and 13C (1.07%). (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Laboratory study of a steady‐state convective cyclonic vortex
Authors: Sukhanovskii A. , Evgrafova A. , Popova E.
Published: April 2016

An experimental study of the steady‐state cyclonic vortex from an isolated heat source in a rotating fluid layer is described. The structure of the laboratory cyclonic vortex is similar to the typical structure of tropical cyclones from observational data and numerical modelling, including secondary flows in the boundary layer. Different constraints of the steady‐state hurricane‐like vortex were studied. The three main dimensional parameters that define the vortex structure for a fixed geometry—heating flux, rotation rate and viscosity—were varied independently. Characteristics of the steady‐state cyclonic vortex were measured experimentally for different values of kinematic viscosity (from 5 to 25 cSt), rotation rate (from 0.04 to 0.17 rad s−1) and heat flux (from 1 to 4.6 kW m−2). The crucial importance for the vortex formation has angular momentum exchange in the viscous boundary layer. It was shown that viscosity is one of the main parameters that define the steady‐state vortex structure. Increasing the kinematic viscosity may substantially suppress the cyclonic motion for fixed values of buoyancy flux and rotation rate. Strong competition between buoyancy and rotation provides the optimal ratio of the heating flux and rotation rate for achieving a cyclonic vortex of maximal intensity. It was found that relatively small variation of the rotation rate for the fluids with low kinematic viscosity may remarkably change the cyclonic vortex structure and intensity.
An Area‐based Methodology for the Monitoring of General Linear Profiles
Authors: Motasemi Abed , Alaeddini Adel , Zou Changliang
Published: April 2016

Statistical profile monitoring has received much attention during recent years. While numerous contributions and applications have been demonstrated in the literature, the control statistics across many of the proposed methodologies have mainly remained unchanged, which somehow hinders further improvement of the monitoring schemes. In this paper, however, we propose a novel approach to leverage the information in the area formed between the sampled and in‐control profile to improve the monitoring scheme performance. Specifically, we develop a control statistic based on the convolution of the observed and in‐control profiles to monitor the shifts in the slope and intercept parameters. We also extend the mean square statistic to area weighted total sum of squares, to more effectively monitor the shift in the standard deviation. Extensive simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed methodology in comparison with some of the existing approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic Photocatalysis‐Catalytic Peroxidation of BiOBr/H2O2 System for 4‐Chlorophenol Degradation
Authors: Hou Rujing , Chen Xiaofang , Gao Yuan , Zhu Huijuan , Li Shiqing , Li Hexing , Huo Yuning
Published: April 2016

The synergistic BiOBr/H2O2 system was developed to improve the visible‐light photo‐degradation activity of 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP). It was demonstrated that the BiOBr catalyst could decompose H2O2 molecular efficiently under visible light irradiations. Based on the trapping test, the main active species of ⋅O2− radicals in BiOBr/H2O2 system accelerated the efficient decomposition of H2O2 to form the ⋅OH radicals, which further reacted with the 4‐CP. In comparison, the photo‐induced holes were the main active species during the photo‐degradation of 4‐CP on the single BiOBr catalyst. Furthermore, the intermediate of both benzoquinone and hydroquinone during the 4‐CP photo‐degradation in the BiOBr/H2O2 system, was determined by the HPLC‐MS measurement, which was followed by the final decomposition to CO2. In addition, the high crystallization resulted in the stability of BiOBr in the BiOBr/H2O2 system, indicative of the potential practical application for the wastewater treatment.