bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐74: Low Temperature a‐Si TFT on Soda Lime Glass
Authors: Yang Ya‐Tang , Park Beom Soo , Won Tae K. , Choi Soo Young , White John M.
Published: January 2009

Replacing the current non‐alkali glass with soda lime glass can significantly reduce the cost of the current TFT‐LCD module. One key step in manufacturing is to make TFT backplane on soda lime glass substrate. In this work, we demonstrate low temperature a‐ Si thin film transistor (TFT) at 200°C on soda lime glass. with the use of SiNx barrier to prevent sodium contamination, we show the TFT properties can be improved significantly and achieve TFT of saturation mobility 0.47cm2/Vs, threshold voltage 0V, off current 77×10−11 A, sub‐threshold swing 1.0 V/dec. We also show that our TFT device has comparable or better threshold voltage stability as compared to those made in non‐alkali glass. Finally, we show the robustness of SiNx barrier against long term sodium migration.
P‐75: Modification of R.G.B. Photo Resists for Color Filters
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Han , Ho Chun‐Te , Liou Wei‐Jen , Lin Hong‐Ming , Jian Zih‐Jie , Lin Wei‐Syuan , Hsieh Wen‐Jen , Chiu Hao‐Chieh , Li Chi‐Hsin
Published: January 2009

In this study, two kinds of modified photo resists are prepared and used to compare with pure photo resist in emitting properties of light. The modified photo resists are the mixture of pure one and certain additives. Different additives, nano glass balls and transparent agents, are added respectively into photo resists of color filters for improving the purities of emitting light. The results indicate the suitable amount of nano glass balls or transparent agents can improve the purities of emitting light and maintain the intensities of light emission.
P‐76: Reflection Pattern Printing for Light Guide Using an Ink‐Jet Coating Method
Authors: Hwang Jang Hwan , Lee Sang Goo , Shin Dong‐Myung , Kim Woo Chang , Park Chang Wook , Kang Won Il , Seo Ji Hoon , Lee Suk Jae , Koo Ja Ryong , Kim Young Kwan , Hyung Gun Woo
Published: January 2009

We fabricated the dot pattern, which act as a microlens, for the light guide with an ink‐jet printing method. The shape of microlens can be made by surface tension of liquid and the size can be increased by amass of droplet on the same point. We found that the optimized printing conditions for higher brightness and uniformity to fabricate the light guide system of a backlight.

The uniformity of guided light was dependent upon the density and size of patterned lenses, which control light guide length. From the incident part of light guide, the density and size of lenses were increased to gather incoming light by reducing light scattering.

We obtained higher degree of realization, which reached up to 60–75% with brightness of 3,945 nit and 87.44% uniformity. The light guide continua ink‐jet printed patterns and optical sheets.
P‐78: Process Simplification for Passive Matrix OLEDs
Authors: Yi Seungjun , Shin Youn Soo , Ihm DaeWoo , You Jae Houn , Choi Kyung Hee
Published: January 2009

We have developed simplified processes for the formation of insulators, cathode separators and bus electrodes in PMOLEDs. The insulators and cathode separators are patterned simultaneously by a single layer of image reversal photoresist. And, the bus electrodes of low resistance are formed by the cathode separator and cathode metal. Using these simplified processes, we fabricated 1.17″ 96×RGB×96 panels and analyzed their performance and reliability.
12.4L: Late‐News Paper: Measurement of Water Vapor Permeation in the Range of 10−3– 10−5 g/m2/day for Applications in Flexible Electronics
Authors: Nörenberg Holger , Hoshi Shinichi , Kondo Takeshi
Published: January 2009

Barrier layers to protect displays from the ingress of water vapor require measurement of water vapor permeation in the range 10−3 … 10−6 g/m2/day. Based on measuring the pressure increase, a permeation measurement method and apparatus has been developed to measure such extremely low rates of water vapor permeation.
P‐80: Permeation‐Rate Measurements System and Its Application to Polymeric Substrates
Authors: Choi Jin Hwan , Kim Young Min , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon , Kim In Sun , Hwang Hee Nam
Published: January 2009

We report on a measurement system including an analysis of an electrical mechanism based on calcium degradation. A quantitative water permeation rates were measured in the range of 101−10−5 g/m2day. Our test structure and measurements principle results in an application to evaluate the polymeric barrier performances for flexible electronics.
P‐82: Relationship of Moving Edge Color Distortion and Response Spectrum
Authors: Enami Yoshi
Published: January 2009

Moving edge color distortion is a phenomenon that is often seen in PDP‐TVs and other displays that use a phosphor and in displays using field sequential drive. By observation using a moving picture evaluation system using a color pursuit camera, which we have developed, we were able to confirm that moving edge color distortion also occurs in LCDs. In order to clarify the cause of moving edge color distortion in an LCD, the response of the LCD was measured using a high‐speed spectrometer, and as a result, we were able to confirm that wavelength dependence of retardation is a cause of moving edge color distortion.
P‐86: Channel‐Dependent GOG Model for Colorimetric Characterization of LCDs
Authors: Chou Chun‐Hsien , Wu Ray‐Chin , Fu Chih‐Cheng , Wu Cheng‐Chieh , Tseng Shing‐Shi , Tzou Chien‐Lung , Huang Jia‐Ming
Published: January 2009

Accurate colorimetric characterization is an important step in establishing the color management system (CMS) for liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to achieve device‐independent color reproduction. The gain‐offset‐gamma (GOG) model that is accurate enough in describing the tone reproduction curves (TRCs) for CRT displays has been found inadequate for characterizing LCDs due to mainly channel interaction and non‐constancy of channel chromaticity. In this paper, a modified GOG model that takes channel interaction and backlight leakage into account is proposed to accurately characterize the TRCs of LCDs. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model outperforms the conventional GOG model in terms of the CIEDE2000 color difference between the XYZ values of the measured color sample and the estimated XYZ values.
P‐87: Multi‐Channel Liquid Crystal Retardation Measurement Technology
Authors: Liu Chih‐Shang , Chuang Kai‐Ping , Lin Yeou‐Sung
Published: January 2009

We propose a novel real‐time multi‐channel retardation measurement method for the quality control of liquid crystal panels, for example cell gap and compensation film. We combine spectroscopic ellipsometry method with the hyperspectral imaging spectrograph to realize multi‐channel measurement. In particular, polarizing beam splitter is used in spectroscopic ellipsometry method to replace the analyzer for speeding up measurement.
P‐90: Quantitative Analysis of Electrical Mura in LCDs
Authors: Hsieh Tsau‐Hua , Hung Chao‐Yi , Chang Yueh‐Ping , Hsu Chi‐Chieh
Published: January 2009

In this work, we have investigated the evaluation method to quantify the phenomenon of Mura. The undulation of luminance and transmittance distribution is precisely matched to the Mura position. And by adjusting Vgh, we can distinguish the specific Mura that results from electrical variation. Additionally, transferring T% to Vdisp, Mura degree can be quantified without the noise of the test condition and traced the source clearly. Furthermore, we make criterion of dVdisp as 18mV at L16 to prevent the phenomenon of Mura.
P‐92: Motion Blur Estimation on LCDs
Authors: Tourancheau Sylvain , Brunnström Kjell , Andrén Borje , Le Callet Patrick
Published: January 2009

Today there is no requirement concerning LCD motion blur in TCO Requirements (e.g. TCO'06 Media Displays). The primary goal of this study is to find a measurement method for motion blur which is easy to carry out and gives reproducible results lab to lab. This method should be able to take in account motion blur reduction systems such as backlight flashing. Measurement results and method proposal are given.
P‐93: Characterizing Dielectric Tensors with Biaxial Ellipsometry
Authors: Smith Paula K. , McClain Stephen C. , Chipman Russell A.
Published: January 2009

Dielectric tensors of anisotropic substrates and films can be determined by biaxial ellipsometry, an extension of conventional ellipsometry. This technique utilizes an angle‐of‐incidence Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter. An example of the determination of the dielectric tensor of liquid crystal polymer films for retarders is presented.
P‐244L: Late‐News Poster: Noise and Resolution in a Dual‐Layer LCD
Authors: Badano Aldo , Liang Hongye , Albani Luigi
Published: January 2009

The noise and resolution characteristics of a dual‐layer LCD capable of high luminance range are presented with emphasis on the measurement and analysis methods considering the parallax effect. The results are compared to an identical panel with a single‐layer structure.
P‐253L: Late‐News Poster: Analysis of LCD Panel Distortion for Touch Mura Improvement
Authors: Kim Heecheol , Choi Hyunsik , Ma Xinli , Ryu Jaeil , Huangfu Lujiang , Lee Jungyeal
Published: January 2009

A calculation of the pressure and deformations of LCD glass was developed using the curvature modeling. This model was used to predict the shift amount between two substrate when touch mura had occurred by touched the panel. Experimental data based on measurement of touch mura level and touch shift are in progress to examine the gap of Panel and BLU form a mechanical mura prevention point of view. We show that reducing of height of arc will experience small touch shift under pushed or touched panel, and longer length of arc will experience smaller touch shift than shorter height of arc.
P‐94: Recent Developments in the Immaterial Projection Screen Technology
Authors: Rakkolainen Ismo
Published: January 2009

The immaterial projection screen is an emerging display technology that enables high‐quality projected images in mid‐air. It is becoming more wide‐spread and can be extended to a pseudo‐3D display. In this paper we present an overview of the technical and commercial state‐of‐the‐art of the technology.
P‐95: Implementation of TN‐Type Color‐Sequential TFT‐LCD with Low Power Array Design (LPAD) Structure and Black Data Rehashed Driving (BRD) Schema
Authors: Jhen‐Shen Liao , Kuan‐Hung Liu , Yi‐Nan Chu , Wen‐Tse Tseng , Hong‐Tien Yu
Published: January 2009

Chunghwa Picture Tubes LTD. has successfully developed the 4 inches TN‐type Color‐Sequential TFT‐LCD module with LPAD (Low Power Array Design) structure and novel driving method named Black Data Rehashed Driving (BRD) schema. LPAD structure is designed specially for Color‐Sequential TFT‐LCD, where a pixel consists of only one dot and each pixel are rearranged according to the output polarity of source drivers to obey the dot inversion policy. Hence, the power consumption is reduced directly.

We also invent the novel driving method BRD to drive the TN‐type Color‐Sequential display by black field insertion without extra cost. The main features of our TN‐type Color‐Sequential display module include 480 × 272 resolution, TN Type Liquid Crystal (Response Time is less than 8ms by high speed TN LC and low cell gap), wider color gamut and high color expression characteristic (NTSC 96%), and the power consumption of panel is similar to commercial 4 inches TFT‐LCD.
P‐96: Microlens Array by Ink‐Jet Technology for LCD Backlight Applications
Authors: Hung Chien‐Hsiang , Yu Tsung‐Han , Cheng Jung‐An , Chang Chi‐Hsien , Hsiau Yi‐Hau , Tien Chung‐Hao , Li Tsung‐Yang , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

This research uses Ink‐jet printer process to fabricate microlens on the bottom of a LGP in a fast and cost‐effective way. Compared with typical dot printing method, Ink‐jet printing is able to save 50% material consumption. In addition, the microlens with UV‐curable epoxy could be well controlled in the radius, contact angle and arbitrary arrangement. A 20×20cm2 LGP can be fabricated with desired microlens pattern within 10 seconds, which exhibits a potential to apply ink‐jet process upon the high‐speed mass production.
P‐97: Luminous Uniformity of Slab Waveguide‐Based Transmissive Display Systems
Authors: Selbrede Martin G.
Published: January 2009

Slab waveguides exploiting edge‐injected light enable light‐recycling backlights or provide total internal reflected light to displays that frustrate TIR. High luminous uniformity requires detuning pixel efficiencies, mirroring waveguide edges and increasing waveguide thicknesses to extend ray transits. Methods for retaining high luminous uniformity in thinner waveguides are analyzed.
P‐98: Current‐Sourced Push‐Pull Inverter for Mercury‐Free Flat Fluorescent Lamp Driving
Authors: Park Joung‐Hu , Baek Jong‐Bok , Cho Bo‐Hyung
Published: January 2009

This paper proposes a current‐fed push‐pull inverter for Mercury‐free Flat Fluorescent Lamp (MFFL) Driving. The current‐driving scheme has advantages such as simple circuit, small part count and stable driving operation. The proposed approach is verified by hardware experiments, and compared with a conventional voltage‐sourced driver in perspective of circuit configuration and luminous performances.
P‐100: Dielectric Property and Hg‐Consumption with Glass Tubes of External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp
Authors: Hwang Ha‐Chung , Bong Jae‐Hwan , Kim Yun‐Jung , Jeong Jong‐Mun , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Jeong Hee‐Suk , Kim Jin‐Sheon , Koo Je‐Huan , Hong Byoung‐Hee , Choi Eun‐Ha , Cho Guangsup , Fechner Joerg , Letz Martin , Ott Franz
Published: January 2009

External electrode fluorescent lamps of aluminosilicate glass with high dielectric constant, a low dielectric loss and a lowest sodium composition were compared with the conventional EEFLs of borosilicate and soda‐lime glasses. The luminance efficiency increases by 15∼25 %, the pinhole stability improves remarkably, and the blackening of Hg‐consumption is not observed.
P‐101: New Polarization Converter for Enhancing LCD Brightness
Authors: Tsai Chang‐Ching , Wu Shin‐Tson , Li Wang‐Yang , Wei Chung‐Kuang
Published: January 2009

A novel polarization converter using reflective metallic gratings is developed. This device converts an unpolarized light to linear polarization with over 85% efficiency. Its application for enhancing the brightness of direct‐view liquid crystal displays is emphasized.
P‐102: Audible OLED Device on Flexible PVDF Substrate with Laser Patterned ITO Electrode
Authors: Ie Sang‐Yub , Park Dong‐Hee , Choi Won‐Kook
Published: January 2009

For the new combination of audio and display devices on flexible polymer substrate, we present the audible OLED device on piezoelectric polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) with ITO electrode prepared by roll to roll sputter coating and laser ablation pattern technique. Our flexible audible display (FAD) device showed the luminescence as well as the sound generating functions under the structural schematics with two device characteristics sharing the one flexible polymer substrate for the next generation “superposed” electronic devices.
P‐104: Storage Lifetime of a Hybrid Transflective Display Using OLED and Polarizer‐Free RLCD
Authors: Chiu Tien‐Lung , Lin Chi‐Feng , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Xianyu Haiqing , Ge Zhibing , Zhu Xinyu , Wu Shin‐Tson , Lu Y. H. , Teng C. W. , Liu Kou‐Chen
Published: January 2009

We demonstrated a hybrid transflective device by vertically integrating a reflective LCD and a transparent OLED. Such a device can effectively prevent the environment attacking of the OLED and lengthen the storage lifetime. A new device with an ultra‐high transmittance (82.23% overall) by using a polarizer‐free LCD as the reflective mode is also demonstrated.
P‐105: Benefits of a Radial Basis Function Network Representation in Describing Free‐Form Optical Surfaces for Head‐Worn Displays
Authors: Cakmakci Ozan , Vo Sophie , Rolland Jannick P.
Published: January 2009

This paper studies the application of radial basis function networks to the description, design and optimization of free‐form optical surfaces, which find key applications in head‐worn displays.
13.3: Novel Surface Conduction Electron Emitter (SCE) Nanogaps for Field Emission Displays
Authors: Tsai Chih‐Hao , Pan Fu‐Ming , Lo Hsiang‐Yu , Li Yiming , Kuo Yi‐Ting , Chao Hsueh‐Yung (Robert) , Lo Kuo‐Chung , Jiang Mei‐Tsao , Mo Chi‐Neng
Published: January 2009

A novel nanometer scaled gap in palladium thin film strip was prepared by hydrogen absorption under high pressure conditions, and implemented in the fabrication of the surface conduction electron emitter (SCE) for flat panel display applications. The lattice constant increase in the Pd due to the phase transformation from the α‐phase to the β‐phase after hydrogen absorption, a large compressive stress occurred to the Pd thin film. with a proper geometric arrangement of the Pd/Pt/Ti emitter electrode of the SCE structure, a single nanogap per SCE device was prepared. Finite element analysis was carried out to study the hydrostatic stress distribution in the thin film emitter structure after Pd hydrogenation, and thereby the optimized thickness of thin film electrodes of the emitter was determined for the nanogap fabrication. The novel SCE emitter had an inclined protrusion structure on the cathode, which greatly enhance the local electrical field and improve electron beam focusing. The experimental measurement and theoretical analysis show that field emission properties of the novel SCE are superior to conventional SCE with the coplanar cathode.
P‐112: Three‐Dimensional Volumetric Display System Based on a Rotating Two‐Dimensional LED Array
Authors: Xiaoyan Xie , Xu Liu , Yuanfang Lin
Published: January 2009

This paper presents a three‐dimensional(3D) volumetric display system utilizing a rotating light‐emitting diode (LED) array panel, which provides viewers with true depth cues, binocular parallax, accommodation and convergence, etc., and can be observed from any directions horizontally without the need of any special viewing aids. An experimental display system which can provide more than 8 million voxels in a cylinder display space has been developed. Now a new system that uses small size, high brightness, full color SMD LEDs as voxels and can provide at most more than 200 million voxels with a diameter of 800mm and a height of 640mm cylinder display space is being implemented.
P‐113: Temporal Behavior of Nanostructure Formation in Photopolymer on Back Light Layer of TFT‐LED
Authors: Shau Wen Kai , Der Yao Yeong , Wei Da Hua , Wu Jiann Kuo , Lin Hong Ming , Li Ming Chia , Jeng Tzuan Ren , Lin Chih Ming , Wei Pei Kuen , Lin Tzu Pin , Mo Chi Neng
Published: January 2009

The temporal behavior of photopolymer nanostructures in a very thin layer of the back light guide substrate in TFT‐LED system has been studied. From our investigation, the optical bonding process with the composition of the bonding glue can easily produce the photopolymer nanostructures with high sensitivity and high refractive index change within a few seconds. This technique can be applied to fabricate photopolymer nanostructures on back light layer to achieve high luminous efficiency of TFT‐LED device.
P‐115: Color Light Guide Plate with Metallic Ag Nanostructures for TFT‐LCD
Authors: Cheng Kai Wen , Wei Da Hua , Der Yao Yeong , Hsu Sen Yu , Wei Pei Kuen , Lin Tzu Pin , Mo Chi Neng
Published: January 2009

Periodic Ag metallic nanostructures with different size, shape, and line pitch on ITO/glass substrates have been fabricated by using electron‐beam lithography (EBL) technique for studying the color light guide in a TFT‐LCD system. Scattering ability of a nano‐Size metallic structure is depended on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Because of the light wave which can be diffracted by the nanostructures, and the different wavelengths will generate dissimilar first‐order diffraction angles. From this study, we have demonstrated that the back light system containing a metallic periodic nanostructure with varied line pitches can be used as a color filter in a LED device. This means that with a proper nanostructure layer, the RGB colors in a TFT‐LCD can be obtained without a traditional color filter.
P‐116: Minimum Mercury Quantity Required in the Discharge Plasma of CCFLs and EEFLs
Authors: Bong Jae‐Hwan , Kim Hyun‐Chul , Kim Yun‐Jung , Hwang Ha‐Chung , Jin Dong‐Jun , Jeong Jong‐Mun , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Jeong Hee‐Suk , Kim Jin‐Sheon , Hong Byung‐Hee , Cho Guangsup
Published: January 2009

Using the ionization rates of each atom species in a mixture gas of Ne(95%) + Ar(5%) + Hg(∼mg), the minimum quantity of mercury in the glow plasma discharge of CCFLs and EEFLs for a large area LCD backlight, is calculated to be 0.05 ∼ 0.36 mg without considering the mercury consumption.
P‐117: Analysis for LED Junction Temperature in LCD Module Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Chen Yung‐Kan , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we discuss the junction temperature of LED in the LCD module. The lifetime of LED strongly depends on the junction temperature. Besides, the optical performance of LED will decay with the rise of junction temperature. Mura of LCD module may occur due to non‐uniform decay of the LEDs, which are the light sources of LCD module. Besides forward current and voltage, package material, PCB and LCD module design will also affect the LED junction temperature. By using numerical analysis, we can understand the parameters that strongly affect the LED junction and improve the quality of LCD with LED backlight. Lead frame material of LED package, dielectric layer of the PCB, and the back cover of LCD module are discussed in this paper to have a good thermal performance of the LCD module with LED backlight.
P‐118: Optical Structure of Thin‐Direct‐Type Backlight for TFT‐LCD TV Module
Authors: Chen Dekai , Huang Chi‐Jen , Jin Bo
Published: January 2009

With the development of TFT‐LCD TV display devices, high performance and thinness feature become the mainstream. It is a great challenge to make direct backlight of LCD TV module with CCFL light source thinner in mechanical and optical design. In this paper, we adopted a special structure to reduce thickness of direct backlight in display. This structure can decrease the space for CCFL light mixing. And the feasibility is also supported by optical simulations and experiments.
P‐119: Discussion on Acoustic Noise of LCD Module
Authors: Hsieh Hung‐Ming , Huang Kun‐Feng
Published: January 2009

In this paper, the acoustic noise issue of LCD Module equipped with burst‐mode inverter is discussed. By experiment, it is validated that the acoustic noise of LCD Module is emitted from lamp assembly in BLU (Backlight Unit). Theoretical analysis and simulations are thus performed to analyze the mechanism responsible for the acoustic noise of the LCD module. Besides, the experiments are made to verify the results of theoretically physical model. By the understandings of the formation of the acoustic noise, it is confident that the acoustic noise is doomed to be eliminated.
13.4: Copper Nanowires with Five‐Twinned Structure Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition and their Application to Field Emission Displays
Authors: Kim Changwook , Choi Hyungsoo , Kim Kyekyoon (Kevin)
Published: January 2009

A prototype field emission display device was fabricated using copper nanowires as emitters. The copper nanowires were grown by chemical vapor deposition without any catalyst or template, which were analyzed by electron microscopy to show a five‐fold twinned structure with a pentagonal pyramid tip. The electron diffraction pattern disclosed that the twin boundaries were mismatched irregularly. The anisotropic growth of the copper nanowires in gas phase could be attributed to the passivation of the {100} side planes by the phosphite molecules dissociated from the precursor. Field emission characteristics of the nanowires were measured.
P‐122: Characteristics of Low‐Pressure Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp for Brightness Uniformity
Authors: Park Yong‐eun , Kim Heung‐Seok , Yoon Sang‐hyuck , Um Jae‐eun , Park Jin‐ho
Published: January 2009

In this paper, we describe the characteristics of Low‐pressure Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp for the uniformity of brightness. Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps are key parts of the TFT‐LCD display devices. The most commonly used lamps for the backlight units have a brightness overshoot phenomenon for the beginning of turn‐on time. Main reason for this artifact is widely known that plasma ions conflict strongly in the lamp having high gas pressure. In this paper, we have studied how much pressure is good for the brightness uniformity and how much gas pressure doesn't effect the life time and brightness of the lamps. There are three factors for the best brightness uniformity — Lamp, diffuser plate and BLU design of having heat‐Sink function. We show the experimental results of the relations of lamp pressure and brightness. And we suggest how we can find out the best method for the brightness uniformity of BLU.
P‐246L: Late‐News Poster: A New Method of Local Dimming and a New Electrode Structure of Mercury‐Free Flat Lamp (MFFL) for High‐Efficiency LCD Backlight Application
Authors: Jung Yong‐Min , Lee Jun‐Young , Lim Sungkyoo , Oh Myunghwan , Lee Won‐Ju
Published: January 2009

The new local dimming method and new electrode structure of MFFL were proposed. It was found that long‐gap panel was more appropriate to increase the lamp efficiency. A new method of controlling the number of pulses to achieve partial discharge of the panels and this method was demonstrated. The system efficiency was measured as 20 lm/W.
P‐125: Small Particle Size Lanthanum Cerium Terbium Phosphate (LAP) and Yttrium Europium Oxide (YEO) Phosphors for CCFL Backlight Units in LCD Displays
Authors: Withnall Robert , Silver Jack , Catherall Colin , Fern George R.
Published: January 2009

Small particle, green‐emitting lanthanum cerium terbium phosphate (LAP) and red‐emitting yttrium europium oxide (YEO) phosphors have been synthesized by a scalable continuous flow precipitation method for incorporation into white triblend phosphors for high brightness, sub‐miniature CCFLs for LCD backlight units, and the emission properties have been investigated.
P‐128: Experimental Study on Reduction of Temporal Bright Image Sticking in AC‐PDP Using Vacuum‐Sealing Method
Authors: Park Choon‐Sang , Tae Heung‐Sik , Kwon Young‐Kuk , Heo Eun Gi
Published: January 2009

The base vacuum level before filling a discharge gas is an important parameter to affect both the temporal dark and bright image stickings in an AC‐PDP. In this paper, the vacuum‐sealing method is adopted to minimize the residual impurity gas by enhancing a base vacuum level, and the resultant change in the temporal bright image sticking was examined in comparison with that of the conventional sealing method in the 42‐in. ac‐PDP with a high Xe (11 %) content. As a result of monitoring the difference in the display luminance and infrared emission between the cells with and without temporal bright image sticking, the vacuum‐sealing method can reduce the temporal bright image sticking which is caused by decrease in the residual impurity gases and an increase in the oxygen vacancy of the MgO layer. In particular, in the vacuum‐sealing method, the modified driving waveform enabled the effective reduction of temporal bright image sticking.
14.1: Invited Paper: Challenges and Technologies for Multi‐Channel Projection Systems
Authors: Vandenberghe Patrick , Maximus Bart
Published: January 2009

High end visualisation systems require a wide field of view combined with high resolution. This can only be achieved by combining several projectors in a multi‐channel system. The challenge is to achieve and maintain a seamless image, which requires dedicated technologies in the electronic and optical domain.
P‐133: A New DIDE Cell Structure for High Luminous Efficacy and Low Voltage Driving in Full HD PDPs
Authors: Jung Hae‐Yoon , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: January 2009

We propose a new PDP cell structure which shows high luminous efficacy and low driving voltage. The new structure can use the ignition discharges occurring between the main and auxiliary electrodes, that helps the main discharges to be generated efficiently at a low voltage. Test panels which have 50 inch Full HD resolution (1920 × 1080) adopting the new structure showed a high luminous efficacy of 3.6 lm/W (green) with a Ne‐Xe (12%) mixture gas at moderate sustain voltage of 190V.
P‐134: Dependency of Auxiliary Pulse Width on Luminous Efficacy in AC Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Lee Sung‐Min , Choi Chung Sock , Cho Kwan Hyun , Choi Kyung Cheol , Kim Woo‐Tae , Lim Jong Rae , Cho Young‐Jae , Kim Sung‐Tae
Published: January 2009

The width of the pulse applied to an auxiliary electrode was varied to investigate the characteristics of luminous efficacy of an AC plasma display with an auxiliary electrode in accordance with the frequency and duty factor of the sustain pulse. The auxiliary voltage margin increased with an increase in the sustain pulse width and a decrease in the auxiliary pulse width. In addition, the luminous efficacy increased with a decrease in the sustain pulse width and an increase in the auxiliary pulse width, except when the time interval between the auxiliary pulse and the subsequent sustain pulse is zero.
P‐135: Analysis on Sustain‐Waveform Distortion Induced by Display‐Pattern Type in AC‐Plasma Display Panel
Authors: Lim Jae Kwang , Choi Byung‐Tae , Tae Heung‐Sik , Kim Hee Joong , Hur Min , Yoo Minsun , Heo Enu Gi
Published: January 2009

The sustain waveforms are distorted relative to the displayed area. The sustain waveforms are distorted relative to the displayed area, which causes the variations in luminance and luminous efficiency. It is found that the constant rising slope of the displayed are causes the sustain waveform distortion. A discharge in a cell has voltage‐current (V‐I) characteristics that the applied voltage waveform determines the discharge current. A circuit also has V‐I characteristics that the total current of all cells determines the voltage waveforms applied to cells. Furthermore, the Y and X electrode have resistance and belong to cells aligned horizontally, accordingly, the number of on‐cells in horizontal line distorts the voltage applied to each cell. This paper shows by analysis and experiments that the applied voltage and the luminance and the luminous efficiency of an AC‐PDP cell are affected by the amount and distribution of displayed area.
P‐136: Low Cost and High Efficiency Energy Recovery Circuit for Driving AC Plasma Display Panel with Single Sustain Circuit Board
Authors: Lee Su‐Chang , Kang Bongkoo , Seo Ju‐Won , Soh Sang‐Yoon
Published: January 2009

This paper presents an energy recovery (ER) circuit which can improve the energy recovery efficiency and can drive AC PDP with a single sustain circuit board. The proposed ER circuit consists of one energy recovery inductor and two insulated‐gate bipolar transistors. To reduce power consumption in the parallel resonance mode of operation, the leading edge of the first sustain pulse and the trailing edge of the last sustain pulse are generated using a current build‐up operation. The measured energy recovery efficiencies of the proposed ER circuit were better than the conventional parallel resonance circuit. Experimental results on a 42‐inch XGA single scan PDP show that the proposed ER circuit is suitable for use in a PDP drive circuit.
14.2: Double‐Sided Reflective LCD (DSRL)
Authors: Cho Sohaeng , Han SangChul , Hwang KwangSik , Park HyungSeok , Ahn SuChang , Cho ByoungChul , Lee DeukSu , Kang InByeong , Chung InJae
Published: January 2009

We developed one‐cell type double‐Sided reflective LCD (DSRL) which is optimized for a mobile environment. DSRL is a reflective LCD for good readability in the outdoor environment and a low power consumption display with no backlight unit. We fabricated 2.2 inch and 15 inch DSRL panels. Although DSRL panel has a low physical resolution, it shows much better visual resolution achievable by using image processing technology. An original image should be downsized to remove aliasing and to minimize color error. Generally, the color reproduction ratio in the reflective mode of a transflective panel is around 5% NTSC. In contrast, the performance of DSRL panel reaches 10% NTSC. In addition, reflection ratio of DSRL exceeds 20%, compared to generally known reflection ratio of 5% in the case of conventional transflective LCD.
P‐137: Investigation of Discharge Phenomena in AC‐PDPs with an Auxiliary Electrode Using the Vt Closed Surface
Authors: Lee Seong Min , Cho Kwan Hyun , Jang Cheol , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: January 2009

In this work, a novel Vt closed surface model is proposed to investigate the surface discharge phenomena of AC‐PDPs with an auxiliary electrode. The AC‐PDPs with an auxiliary electrode in this work had a total of four electrodes, the combination of which produced six voltage vectors between two given electrodes. The measured Vt closed surface of this type of AC‐PDP is described 3‐dimensionally due to the additive voltage vectors, and was implemented by combining the VTC curves obtained by measuring the firing voltages. Firing voltages were detected using three electrode selection methods, and the Vt closed surface appeared to be same shape regardless of method. Agreement between the three measurement processes confirms that the Vt closed surface model of AC‐PDPs with an auxiliary electrode has a constant morphology. In addition, a resultant form based on the address electrode among morphologies showed a closed surface composed of ten faces which were represented as a voltage vector derived from the voltage differences of the four electrodes.
P‐138: Driving Waveforms for Reducing Address Discharge Time Lag in an AC PDP with Auxiliary Electrodes
Authors: Jang Cheol , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: January 2009

The address discharge time lag in an AC PDP with auxiliary electrodes was improved by applying auxiliary pulses and a stepped scan pulse during the address period. Interaction between the auxiliary pulse and the stepped scan pulse generated priming particles during the address period, influencing the address discharge positively. As a result, the minimum address voltage was reduced, and was lower than that of conventional driving waveforms. Furthermore, when the proposed waveforms were applied, the address discharge time lag was improved by 32% compared to that of the conventional driving waveforms with the same address voltage.
P‐139: Distinguished Student Paper: Driving Waveform with Multi‐Scan High Level for Stable Address Discharge Under Variable Ambient Temperature
Authors: Jang Soo‐Kwan , Tae Heung‐Sik , Jung Eun‐Young , Ahn Jung‐Chull , Oh Je‐Hwan , Heo Eun Gi
Published: January 2009

To explain the address discharge fail at a high temperature, the wall charge leakage phenomenon during address‐period is investigated relative to the number of applied address and sustain pulses under variable ambient temperature based on the Vt closed‐curve analysis. The wall charge leakages are increased with an increase in the number of the applied address and sustain pulse, and this tendency are intensified as the ambient temperature increased. It is also observed that the wall charge leakage during address period depends on the level of scan high voltage. Base on the experimental observation, the driving waveform with multi scan high level is proposed to produce the stable address discharge under variable ambient temperature.
14.3: Illumination Design of a Multi‐Touch Sensing Projection Screen for Augmented Virtual Environments
Authors: Liu Sheng , Hua Hong , Gao Chunyu
Published: January 2009

The paper presents the illumination engineering for a low‐cost multi‐touch projection screen. Eight near infrared emitting diode (IRED) strips with optimized line densities serve as the illumination sources for the finger tracking. The design achieves highly uniformed illumination, with an illumination efficiency of 55% and contrast of 0.098. Implementation and experimental results are presented.
P‐144: Photo‐Luminescence Spectra of Doped MgO Crystals and the Effect of Heat Cleaning
Authors: Kuang Yawei , Li Qing , Tolner Harm , Li Huijuan , Zhang Xiong , Shi Yinxin , Song Minggui
Published: January 2009

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were recorded for doped MgO crystals, irradiated by VUV light (λ=147nm, hv=8.4eV) in vacuum at room temperature. The emission band between 200 nm and 800nm was observed. Two strong emission peaks are found, one around 330nm and one centered at about 700nm. We assume that the 330nm peak is a recombination emission peak, while the 700nm peak is supposed to be related to hole traps. The crystals were then baked in air for 1h at 150°C, 450°C and 800°C, after which the samples were studied with PL analysis. The trend is that the recombination peak around 330nm increases with baking temperature, suggesting that the heat‐cleaning treatment improves the recombination emission characteristics of doped MgO crystals.
P‐145: Influence of Crystal Structure of Doped MgO on Jitter Time in SM‐PDP
Authors: Li Qing , Tolner Harm , Yang LanLan , Tang Yongming , Zheng Yaosheng , Kuang Yawei , Shi Yinxin , Song Minggui , Zhang Qi , Lin Qingyuan , Wang Baoping
Published: January 2009

The effect of the MgO crystal structure on the addressing discharge jitter in SMPDP is investigated. By varying the oxygen pressure during E‐beam deposition, different MgO crystal structure was made, as analyzed by XRD. The jitter time in a PDP panel was measured for isolated On‐pixels at low intensity levels. The conclusion is that the jitter time can be decreased by maximizing the relative (200)/(111) peak ratio, obtained by decreasing the O2 addition during E‐Beam MgO deposition.
P‐146: Thermoluminescence Spectra of MgO Poly‐Crystals Exposed to Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Radiation
Authors: Shao Qiyue , Tolner Harm , Li Huijuan , Kuang Yawei , Li Qing , Dong Yan , Jiang Jianqing
Published: January 2009

A comparative study of photoluminescence and thermoluminescence for both pure and doped MgO poly‐crystals has been performed. for pure MgO, a red emission band at 730nm can be observed under VUV light excitation. The doped MgO exhibits a strong emission at 650 nm excited by the VUV or 250 nm light. After exposure to VUV radiation, a strong TL peak corresponding to red emission band can be detected in the temperature range of 20°C–250°C for both doped and undoped MgO. Using Hoogenstraaten's heating rate method, a trap depth of 0.31 eV can be obtained for pure MgO. The trap depth in doped MgO is about 0.51 eV and shifts to high energy level due to the addition of the doping element.
P‐149: Analysis of Optical Emission Spectra from AC‐PDP Operated at Lower Voltage
Authors: Uchida Giichiro , Uchida Kazuya , Kajiyama Hiroshi , Shinoda Tsutae
Published: January 2009

Here is presented the measurements on AC‐PDP operated at lower voltage, where SrO is used as a protective layer. The SrO‐PDP shows the lower breakdown voltage, the higher luminous efficacy, and the stable discharge compared with ordinary MgO‐PDP for the Xe concentration of 4 %. The optical emission spectroscopy is also performed to analyze the electron energy. The measurement shows SrO‐PDP discharge has lower electron energy due to the lower operation voltage.
P‐152: Field Emission Properties of t‐RNA Wrapped Carbon Nanotube Emitters
Authors: Cho Woo‐Sung , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Shin Hyun Yong , Kim Seung Wook , Kim Yong Churl , Park Jung‐Ho , Han Jong‐Hon , Park Hun Kuk
Published: January 2009

We have developed a method for fabricating a good carbon nanotube (CNT) emitter using electrophoretic deposition (EDP) technique. A film of t‐RNA (transfer‐ribonucleic acid) wrapped CNTs was deposited on an ITO substrate from an aqueous mixture of single walled CNT (SWCNT), t‐RNA, and detergent by electrophoresis. t‐RNA wrapped SWCNTs are not only dispersed in de‐ionized (DI) water but also deposited on an ITO substrate.
P‐155: Enhanced Electron Emission with Robust CNTs Grown by Resist‐Assisted Patterning Process
Authors: Ryu Je Hwang , Lee Chang Seok , Kim Ki Seo , Lim Han Eol , Min Kyung Woo , Jeong Il Ok , Manivannan S. , Jang Jin , Park Kyu Chang
Published: January 2009

We developed a novel carbon nanotube field emitter arrays (CNT‐FEAs) with resist‐assisted patterning process by dc‐plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Through this method, we obtained a very strong bonded CNT with substrate. The CNTs were grown with −600 V bias to substrate electrode and +300 V bias to mesh grid being placed 10mm above the substrate holder electrode. The structure and electrical properties of the CNTs were strongly related to the growth time. The length was decreased after 80 minute and the diameter increases with growth time. An electron emission current increases with growth time. The growth mechanism, electron emission characteristics, and mechanical robustness were discussed.
P‐158: Recent Developments in Photo Alignment Technology: Alignment Properties of Novel Azo Dye CD‐1
Authors: Hegde Gurumurthy , Chigrinov V. G. , Kwok H. S. , Hasebe H. , Takatsu H.
Published: January 2009

Liquid crystal photoalignment using commercially available azo dye CD‐1 is reviewed. Proposed dye shows excellent alignment properties which is highly promisable for future applications. This photoalignment is based on rotational diffusion in a potential created by the light field as well as intermolecular forces. It will be shown that this photo‐aligning dye shows strong anchoring energy of the LC cell and also having high thermal and ultraviolet (UV) stability. The application of liquid crystal displays using this dye is also discussed.
P‐159: Releasing Behavior of Image Sticking
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chieh , Liu Pin‐Miao , Liao Chien‐Huang , Ting Tien‐Lun , Chang Ting‐Jui , Liao Wei‐Lung , Lien Alan
Published: January 2009

This paper presented the releasing behaviors of image sticking. Diffusion effect plays the critical role to release image sticking; therefore, higher temperature accelerates the releasing behavior. The releasing speed at temperature of 60C is faster than that at 25C by a factor of 6 in our demonstration.
4.1: Tests and Methods of the ICDM
Authors: Miseli Joe
Published: January 2009

The ICDM (International Committee for Display Metrology) became a part of SID in May of 2007. The ICDM will produce a display measurement standard (DMS) in 2008. The expectations are high: to produce “the” industry standard for measurement and evaluation of displays. But the talent pool of participants is deep, some of the best display evaluation experts of the membership of SID itself — some of the best in the world — all working together toward the common goal of producing a significant, unified display metrology and measurement standard for evaluating displays and classifying their characteristics properly. The DMS will encompass standard tests required to measure, evaluate, and understand display performance characteristics as well as provide tests and metrics which are long overdue in the industry to be standardized. We discuss tests, methods, metrics used in the ICDM DMS and member contributions, including a first report of the round‐robin test for motion blur conducted by ICDM participants.
P‐162: A Study on Image Sticking of Photo Reactive Polyimide Alignment Layer for LCD
Authors: Lee Sang Gu , Hong Sung Hwan , Hwang Young Jae , Shin Dong Myung
Published: January 2009

Photo‐alignment methods have image sticking problems, which can be a severe defect to achieve high reliability of LCD panels. It is caused by unreacted photosensitive functional groups. To deactivate those, we introduced interfacial reaction using ethanethiol or bromine and demonstrated transformation from C‐C double bonds to C‐S or C‐Br using UV‐vis, XPS, PEM and AFM images.
P‐165: Novel type of Flexible and Full Color Electronic Paper Displays Using Quick‐Response Liquid Powder Technology
Authors: Nishii Masayuki , Sakurai Ryo , Tanaka Kanji , Ohno Shingo , Tsuchida Shinya , Masuda Yoshitomo , Tanuma Itsuo , Hattori Reiji
Published: January 2009

Using electronic liquid powder™ technology, the paper displays with both functions of flexibility and full color have been developed employing two structures. One has a conventional structure with color filters made with photolithographic process and the other has a “top color filter” structure with color filter prepared by flexography printing method. These displays have almost the same image quality with a thin thickness and a good flexibility.
P‐166: An Electrophoretic LCD with Selective Reflection
Authors: Sikharulidze David
Published: January 2009

Here is presented a novel electrophoretic display, which employs a suspension of pigments in liquid crystals. The dielectric anisotropy of the LC medium allows the switching with threshold and video rate. The use of a helical LC with electrophoretically controlled selective reflection enables optical performance with high contrast and reflectivity.
P‐167: 4.5″ Electrochromic Display with Passive Matrix Driving
Authors: Jang Jae Eun , Jung Jae Eun , Noh Chang Ho , Kim Jung Woo , Park So Youn , Lee Ji Min , Chun Young Tae , Jeon Seog Jin , Jin Yong Wan , Han Jai Yong , Kim Jong Min
Published: January 2009

4.5″ electrochromic (EC) display has been fabricated and driven by passive matrix (PM) driving method. The ‘cross‐talk’ problem between cell units, induced easily by PM driving skill, has been solved using gel type electrolyte and its isolation. White reflector makes good white reflectance, of which value is above 60%. The simple structure and easy driving method allow the device application in various areas, such as simple segment driving devices, display information (DI) board, and paper like display (PLD).
P‐171: A Flexible Touch‐Sensitive Writing Tablet
Authors: Schneider Tod , Magyar Greg , Barua Sankar , Ernst Todd , Miller Nick , Franklin Sean , Montbach Erica , Davis Donald J. , Khan Asad , Doane J. William
Published: January 2009

We present a flexible touch‐sensitive writing tablet utilizing a reflective bistable cholesteric liquid crystal laminated between two conductive‐polymer coated polyethylene‐terephthalate substrates. The device features a selective pressure response suitable for high‐resolution lines to be drawn into the screen. The device is inexpensive, conformable, and laser‐cut to any desired shape.
P‐173: Fast Turn‐Off Switching of a Liquid Crystal Cell by Optically Hidden Relaxation
Authors: Baek Jong‐In , Kim Ki‐Han , Kim Jae Chang , Yoon Tae‐Hoon , Shin Sung Tae , Woo Hwa Sung
Published: January 2009

A method for fast turn‐off switching of a liquid crystal (LC) cell is proposed. LC in the bright state is twist‐deformed by the in‐plane field, whereas LC starts to relax in the turn‐off process from the vertically aligned state, during which the director is in parallel to the rubbing direction so that the relaxation is optically hidden. A three‐terminal (3T) structure is employed for both in‐plane and vertical switching. The turn‐off time of about 0.6 ms was obtained with no decrease in transmittance.
P‐175: Carbon Nanotube Doped Liquid Crystal OCB Cells: Dielectric and Electro‐Optical Properties
Authors: Lu Shin‐Ying , Chien Liang‐Chy
Published: January 2009

We report single‐wall carbon nanotube (CNT) doped liquid crystal materials which show significant improvement in the response time for optical controlled birefringence (OCB) cells. Four different types of liquid crystals were chosen to mix with CNTs and they demonstrate similar results in improvement of response time. The length of CNTs used is about 2–5 μm while liquid crystal molecules are generally at the range of a few tenth angstroms. The decrease in response time is due to the change of elastic constant caused by the CNT. We also investigate the dielectric permeabilities of the CNTs doped materials. The experimental results show that the real part of dielectric permeability at operating frequency remains the same while the imaginary part increases at low frequency.