bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History, Developments and Social Impacts of Journalism Industry in Saudi Arabia: An Integrative Review
Authors: Almakaty Safran Safar
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an integrative review of the history, developments, and social impacts of journalism in Saudi Arabia. It analyzes the industry's evolution from traditional forms to contemporary practices shaped by technological advancements and socio-political changes. The research examines the roles of governmental regulations, cultural influences, and economic factors in shaping industry. Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach, the study assesses how Saudi journalism has navigated challenges and opportunities over time. Key developments in media laws, the rise of digital journalism, and consequent social impacts, including changes in public discourse and civic engagement, are critically examined. Findings reveal a complex interplay between state control, technological innovation, and journalistic practice, highlighting both constraints and progress within the Saudi context. This review contributes to the broader understanding of media evolution in non-Western settings, offering insights into potential future trajectories of journalism in Saudi Arabia. By providing a comprehensive analysis of historical and contemporary dynamics, this research underscores the significance of sustainable journalistic practices and informed public discourse for societal development. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and practical applications aimed at fostering an open and resilient journalism industry in Saudi Arabia.
Comprehensive Imaging in Prostate Cancer: A Focus on MRI and Micro-Ultrasound
Authors: Saitta Cesare , Brisbane Wayne G. , Cash Hannes , Ghai Sangeet , Giganti Francesco , Kinnaird Adam , Margolis Daniel , Lughezzani Giovanni
Published: February 2025

Background: The diagnostic approach to prostate cancer (PCa) has evolved from sys-tematic biopsies to imaging-guided strategies that improve detection of clinically sig-nificant PCa (csPCa) while reducing overdiagnosis. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has emerged as the gold standard for pre-biopsy evaluation, while micro-ultrasound (Mi-croUS) offers a promising alternative with real-time imaging capabilities. Objective: This review summarizes the evidence supporting mpMRI and MicroUS for PCa diagnosis, highlighting their respective advantages, limitations, and roles in optimizing diagnostic pathways. Methods: We examined the principles, image interpretation frameworks (PI-RADS and PRI-MUS), and clinical applications of mpMRI and MicroUS, comparing their diagnostic accuracy in biopsy-naïve patients, repeat biopsy scenarios, active sur-veillance, and staging. Results: mpMRI improves csPCa detection, reduces unnecessary biopsies, and enhances risk stratification. Landmark studies such as PRECISION and PRIME confirm its superiority over systematic biopsy. However, mpMRI remains re-source-intensive, with limitations in accessibility and interpretation variability. Con-versely, MicroUS, with its high-resolution real-time imaging, shows non-inferiority to mpMRI and potential advantages in MRI-ineligible patients. It improves lesion visual-ization and biopsy targeting, with ongoing trials such as OPTIMUM evaluating its standalone efficacy. Conclusions: mpMRI and MicroUS are complementary modalities in PCa diagnosis. While mpMRI remains the preferred imaging standard, MicroUS offers an alternative, particularly in patients with MRI contraindications. Combining these tech-niques could enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce unnecessary interventions, and refine active surveillance strategies. Future research should focus on integrating both modalities into standardized diagnostic pathways for a more individualized approach.
5,6-Dihydro-5,6-Epoxymultiplolide A, Cytosporone C and Uridine Production by Diaporthe hongkongensis an Endophytic Fungus from Minquartia guianensis
Authors: Alexandre Andrei da Silva , Silva David Ribeiro da , Casas Luana Lopes , Nunez Cecilia Veronica
Published: February 2025

Endophytic fungi are valuable sources of bioactive secondary metabolites, with potential applications in pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. This study explores the metabolic potential of Diaporthe hongkongensis, an endophytic fungus isolated from Minquartia guianensis. The fungus was cultivated on parboiled rice under static and dark conditions for 28 days, leading to the isolation of three compounds: 5,6-dihydro-5,6-epoxymultiplolide A (1), cytosporone C (2), and uridine (3). Structural identification was carried out using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The results revealed the metabolic versatility of D. hongkongensis, as demonstrated by its ability to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites with biological relevance. The identification of a known antifungal compound and a lactone derivative underscores the biosynthetic potential of this endophytic fungus, while the isolation of a nucleoside expands the chemical repertoire of fungal metabolites, suggesting possible roles in cellular metabolism and stress adaptation. These findings reinforce the role of endophytic fungi as prolific sources of structurally diverse and potentially bioactive natural products, supporting further exploration of their biotechnological applications.
Global Research Trends in Drug-Induced Movement Disorders: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: R. Santos Eduardo
Published: February 2025

Background: Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) represent a significant clinical challenge, encompassing conditions such as tardive dyskinesia, drug-induced parkinsonism, dystonia, and akathisia. While research on DIMDs has expanded, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global trends, influential publications, and emerging research themes remains lacking. Objective: This study aims to provide a bibliometric analysis of DIMD research, evaluating publication trends, citation networks, key contributors, and thematic evolution in the field. Methods: A systematic search of bibliographic databases was conducted to identify relevant literature on DIMDs. Bibliometric indicators, including publication output, citation analysis, author collaborations, and keyword co-occurrence, were analyzed. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for network visualization and trend mapping. A narrative synthesis of key findings contextualized bibliometric patterns with historical and contemporary research developments. Results: The analysis revealed a steady increase in DIMD publications, with antipsychotic-induced disorders dominating the literature. The United States and Europe emerged as leading contributors, with significant collaborations across institutions. Highly cited papers predominantly focused on pathophysiology, risk factors, and management strategies. Emerging research trends highlighted the role of genetic predisposition, novel therapeutic interventions, and artificial intelligence in early detection. Conclusion: Bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the evolution and current state of DIMD research. Future studies should focus on precision medicine approaches, neurobiological mechanisms, and global disparities in management. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to enhance understanding and therapeutic strategies for DIMDs.
Clinical and Functional Impact of Bundle Branch Pacing in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cacciapuoti Fulvio , Mauro Ciro , Caso Ilaria , Crispo Salvatore , Gottilla Rossella , Capone Valentina , Ambrosino Saverio , Pirozzi Ciro , Munciguerra Orlando , Volpicelli Mario
Published: February 2025

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction due to ischemic cardiomyopathy remains a major challenge. Electrical conduction delays worsen symptoms by causing uncoordi-nated contractions, inefficient pumping, and increased mortality. Right ventricular pacing exacerbates dyssynchrony, while resynchronization therapy improves outcomes but has a high non-responder rate. Bundle branch pacing engages the heart’s conduction system, restoring synchronized contraction and improving function. Objective: This re-view evaluates the impact of left bundle branch block-induced dyssynchrony, advanced imaging in assessing ventricular function, and clinical outcomes of bundle branch pacing in heart failure patients. Methods: We analyzed the mechanical and hemodynamic effects of left bundle branch block, imaging techniques for dyssynchrony assessment, and the clinical benefits of bundle branch pacing compared to resynchronization therapy. Results: Conduction delays impair function, increase stress, and worsen outcomes. Advanced imaging improves patient selection. Conduction system pacing restores coordination, enhances function, reduces hospitalizations, and promotes reverse remodeling. It offers similar or superior benefits to conventional resynchronization therapy, regulates stress hormones, reduces oxidative damage, and improves calcium handling. Conclusion: Bundle branch pacing advances heart failure treatment, but proper patient selection is crucial. Future research should refine implantation strategies and conduct large-scale trials to confirm long-term efficacy.
Australia-Pakistan Pulses Export Value Chain Competitiveness: A System Thinking Approach
Authors: Bhusal Mukunda , Amgai Saroj , Adhikari Rajendra
Published: February 2025

Australia fulfils more than half of the Pakistan pulses demand. However, Pakistan’s increasing reliance on imports has attracted global exporters, posing an emerging challenge to Australia’s market share and chain competitiveness. Literature suggests that strengthening actors’ relationships and building trust in the value chain can leverage chain competitiveness. This study, therefore, aimed at improving the chain competitiveness in the Australia-Pakistan pulses export value chain, focusing on actors’ relationships and trust. Primary data were collected using semi-structured interviews with pulses processors and exporters in Australia, and importers, wholesalers, processors, retailers and consumers in Pakistan. The data were analysed based on five relationship and trust components: dynamic capability, co-innovation, effective communication, resource sharing, and knowledge sharing, using NVivo12. The cause-and-effect of each variable within the component results in a qualitative system dynamics model: Causal Loop Diagram. The results indicate that sharing resources between the actors is limited and driven by transactional relationships—a primary barrier to competitiveness. The relational gap and trust between exporters and importers are widening due to unexpected switches in trade partners by importers. The differing actors’ priorities further impair this issue: importers are primarily focused on finding budget-friendly products, while exporters emphasise product quality, innovation, and standardisation. Building a trustworthy platform that facilitates access to resources, information, and knowledge among value chain actors can strengthen relationships and foster trust. This, in turn, enhances the overall competitiveness of the value chain.
Superoperator Approach to the Dissipative Mirror-Field Interaction
Authors: García-Márquez Marco Antonio , Moya-Cessa Héctor M.
Published: February 2025

We use superoperator techniques to solve the master equation for the interaction between a quantized field and a moving mirror. The solution we provide allows its application to any initial state of the combined system. Furthermore, we obtain solutions to the stationary master equation for an initial number state for the field that is consistent with the result obtained for the average number of phonons.
Synergistic Inhibition of Candida albicans by Cranberry Proanthocyanidins and Probiotics: Novel Strategies for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment
Authors: Wu Yu-Ru , Chen Jung-Sheng , Chen Lei-Chin , Chen Laura , Huang Yu-Fen , Liao Chien Sen
Published: February 2025

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common gynecological condition primarily caused by Candida albicans. The excessive use of antifungal drugs has led to increased drug resistance, necessitating the search for alternative therapies. This study investigates the synergistic antifungal effects of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) and probiotics against C. albicans. PACs were prepared at different concentrations (low, medium, high) and tested alone and in combination with multi-strain probiotics, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum. The antifungal activity of their cell-free supernatants (CFS) was also assessed. Results demonstrated that the combination of L. plantarum and medium-concentration PACs (L.p. + PACs M) significantly enhanced inhibition of C. albicans compared to individual treatments. In the Vaginal Microbiota Communities Analysis, this condition reduced C. albicans relative abundance to below 0.01%. This study highlights the potential of natural compounds and probiotics as alternative therapeutic strategies for VVC.
Quantification of internal heterogeneity across a submarine channel bend: a unique example from the late Tortonian Tachrift Channel Complex 5 (Taza–Guercif Basin, NE Morocco)
Authors: Pantopoulos George , Marini Mattia , Invernizzi Daniele , El Kati Imad , Mcarthur Adam D. , Felletti Fabrizio
Published: February 2025

The heterogeneity of a deep marine slope channel complex is investigated through the acquisition of fifty sedimentary logs across three high-quality exposures of the late Tortonian Tachrift Complex 5, which constitutes part of the Neogene sedimentary infill of the Taza–Guercif Basin, NE Morocco. Various metrics extracted from log data (net-to-gross, amalgamation ratio, facies proportions, etc.) are processed to assess heterogeneity trends across the studied deposits. Sedimentological and stratigraphic analyses indicate that the exposures constitute upstream and downstream parts of a large-scale, left-turning channel bend. Sedimentary facies comprise different types of amalgamated sandstones, heterolithic and mud-rich sediments, grouped in channel-fill and overbank facies associations. Architectural elements recognized in channel-fill deposits are mainly lateral-accretion packages (LAPs), with additional elements recognized and recorded for the first time, representing different depositional settings across the channel bend, such as outer-bank bars and inner- to outer-bank transition bars. Analysis of heterogeneity metrics indicates the occurrence of two main types of LAP, which vary depending on their upstream or downstream position across the bend, each with different internal heterogeneity (e.g., mean and lateral trends of net-to-gross, facies proportions, etc.) when compared with other elements deposited across the channel. The range and spatial arrangement of heterogeneity metrics observed could serve as an analog for assessing heterogeneity across channel bends of similar slope channel fills in the subsurface.
Strength and Deformation Behaviors of Hydrate-Bearing Silty-Clayey Sediments With Different Compaction Patterns
Authors: Zhang Chenyi , Luo Tingting , Han Tao , Zhang Yu , Tian Zhuangcai , Sun Peixin , Xue Yong , Li Yanghui , Yang Weihao , Madhusudhan B. N.
Published: February 2025

Clarifying the mechanical response of hydrate-bearing silty-clayey sediments (HBSCSs) concerning various mining factors is crucial for safety and consecutive hydrate production. Comprehension of the impact of compaction patterns on the sediment structure within gas hydrate reservoirs, influenced by the geological age and setting, remains limited in the field. Two types of HBSCS samples were thus prepared, differentiated by the consolidation sequence: the CG sample, consolidated before hydrate formation, and the GC sample, consolidated after hydrate formation, corresponding to compaction patterns in this study, with their mechanical behaviors analyzed considering different influencing factors. The conclusions indicate that an initial shearing dilatancy peak occurs in volumetric strain curves of CG samples with 40% hydrate saturation. In addition, the shearing dilatancy trend of CG samples caused by strong particle exclusion and hydrate accumulation promotes the increase in strength and stiffness as well as the decrease in final volumetric strain of HBSCSs, when compared with GC samples. The frictional property of HBSCSs prepared by the CG method is stronger than that of the GC method due to hydrate displacing sediment particles, although weaker cemented property; there are increases of 9.54° and 0.46 MPa in the internal friction angle and cohesion of CG samples as the hydrate saturation increases from 0 to 40%, while the variation in internal friction angle of GC samples is inconspicuous. The results in this study provide potential theoretical support for predicting the compaction patterns on the mechanical behaviors of hydrate silty-clayey reservoirs.
Prediction of Buildup Rate for an Ultrashort-Radius Well Trajectory Drilled with a Flexible Drilling System: A Semi-Analytical Solution
Authors: Liu Xin , Huang Zhongwei , Wu Xiaoguang , Li Gensheng , Shi Huaizhong , Chen Han , Wang Ge , Peng Yuxuan
Published: February 2025

Flexible tool drilling (FTD) technology is an efficient and cost-effective method with a short construction period for sidetracking operations. Unlike conventional drilling pipes, flexible drilling tools consist of a series of short pipes connected by universal joints. The buildup radius ranges between 3 m and 5 m. A more accurate prediction of the buildup rate is necessary to reduce uncertainties in tool design and drilling process set. In this paper, we investigate the influence of structural and mechanical parameters on the buildup rate (BUR) of flexible drilling tools. A semi-analytical model was developed, achieving an accuracy of ±0.3 m after field validation with six FTD branches. The model clarified key relationships among the BUR, load transfer, and trajectory characteristics and analyzed the effects of parameters such as maximum bending angle, pipe length, bit anisotropy, friction, and axial force on the top flexible pipe. The study demonstrates that higher bit anisotropy improves directional control and increases the BUR, although it also raises mechanical loads, particularly side forces. The optimal bit anisotropy index should not be lower than 0.7. Shorter pipe lengths enable sharper directional changes but increase mechanical losses. The optimal parameters are recommended as a bit anisotropy above 0.8, a pipe length of 0.15–0.2 m, an axial force of 4–6 tons, a maximum bending angle of 3°, and a minimized friction factor. Our research also concludes that axial force should be greater than 4 tons to ensure sufficient weight on bit (WOB) and pipe string stability. Furthermore, the friction factor primarily affects mechanical load distribution along the pipes rather than trajectory. This research provides theoretical support for the trajectory control of flexible drilling tools and enables their adaptation to various application scenarios.
What do we actually want to experience? A computational metric for assessing reward values
Authors: Waugh Christian E. , Porth Adam P. , Fang Xuanyu , Sands L. Paul , Kishida Kenneth T.
Published: February 2025

People’s motivation to have different experiences is predicated on how much they find those experiences rewarding or not, and these reward values are not always fully accessible to our consciousness. In two studies, we demonstrate that using a combination of reinforcement learning (RL) paradigms and computational modeling, we can measure computationally inferred reward values (cRV) of experiences, which do not rely on conscious self-report. Consistent with motivational reward theory, convenience samples of participants exhibited higher cRV (greater reward value of that experience) to viewing positive vs. negative images (subject pool; Study 1) and to viewing more vs. less attractive faces (online sample; Study 2). Further, these cRVs were sensitive to context (familiarity vs. novelty of images, Study 1) and to individual differences (attraction preference, Study 2). Lastly, although cRVs were mildly correlated with explicit self-report values, which demonstrates their validity, they were better predictors of behavior than were the explicit values, which suggests that cRVs are capturing reward processes that are not represented by explicit value judgments. This method of measuring cRV holds great promise for understanding the motivation driving people’s choices of a variety of experiences across a wide array of fields of study.
Glucose Deprivation-Mediated Disulfide Stress Induces Cell Death in FHdeficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Guowang , Dou Peng , Lu Xin , Geng Pengyu , Cole Yasemin , Bao MIao , Ge Xin , Pu Siming , Zhou Lina , Liu Xinyu , Li Hang , Zhao Jinhui , Chen Fating , Lin Zhikun , Wang Ting , Li Qi , Hu Jianwen , Dai Jie , Qian Xu , Zhuang Zhengping
Published: February 2025

FHdeficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a highly metastatic and challenging malignancy. Here, we show that the aberrant accumulation of intracellular disulfides in FHdeficient cells leads to actin cytoskeleton contraction and induces a caspase-independent form of cell death. However, inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) (which regulates actin cytoskeleton contraction) suppresses FHdeficient cell death. Under glucose starvation, FHdeficient cells attempt to mitigate NADPH consumption by downregulating the reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, defects in the oxidative TCA cycle prevent them from maintaining NADPH balance. Moreover, targeting mitochondrial complex I in FHdeficient cells enhances the reductive TCA cycle while weakening the oxidative TCA cycle, thereby accelerating intracellular disulfide accumulation, tumor growth is significantly inhibited under low glucose conditions. Our study uncovers a caspase-independent cell death mechanism driven by disulfide stress and provides a potential therapeutic strategy targeting the metabolic vulnerability of FHdeficient RCC.
Correlation Regularized Image Denoising via Low Rank Matrix Approximation
Authors: özkaramanlı hüseyin
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we propose a new residual correlation based regularization method for image denoising and formulate the problem in the framework of Low Rank Matrix Approximation. For this purpose we propose an objective function which leads naturally to the weighted nuclear norm minimization. The objective function consists of a fidelity term and a regularization term which are the Frobenious norms of residual noise and the deviation of residual noise correlations from the true correlations. Convexity of the objective function is established and the closed form global minimum is obtained. A simple closed form formula for the residual noise singular values is derived. The formula involves the right singular vectors of the noisy observation matrix and the noise correlation matrix. Our solution explicitly shows how each singular value of the noisy observation matrix is thresholded to obtain the clean signal singular values. Hard and soft thresholding as well as the weighted thresholding of singular values come out as solutions of the proposed optimization problem. Simulation results in image denoising show that the proposed method performs as good as the weighted nuclear norm minimization method with better performance for most standard test images especially at high noise levels.
Surface Defect Detection of Magnetic Tiles Based on an Improved Lightweight GhostNet Network
Authors: Shang Xingwang , Li Xueqin , Shi Peng , Zhu Weibing , Jiang Jiayu
Published: February 2025

In modern industry, the performance of permanent magnet motors is crucial to enhancing efficiency and system reliability. As a key component of these motors, the quality of magnetic tiles directly impacts motor performance. Therefore, ensuring that magnetic tile surfaces are free of defects is essential for maintaining product quality. While traditional visual inspection methods have been widely used, they suffer from limitations in precision and stability. Although deep learning has improved detection accuracy, it increases the demand on computational resources. To address these issues, this paper proposes an optimized lightweight deep learning model called S-GhostNet, which aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of magnetic tile surface defect detection while reducing computational complexity. S-GhostNet employs advanced optimization techniques, such as generating Ghost features using different dilation rates in convolutional layers to capture multi-scale defect information, thereby enhancing feature diversity. Channel shuffling and depthwise separable convolutions promote feature fusion and reduce redundant computations. Additionally, the integration of Feature Pyramid Networks (FPN) improves the detection of defects of various sizes. Experimental results show that S-GhostNet achieves an accuracy of 95.46\% in magnetic tile surface defect detection, achieving a 14.36\% improvement over the original GhostNet, while reducing computational cost (FLOPs) by approximately 29.76\%, from 4.20 G to 2.95 G. This demonstrates that S-GhostNet not only enhances detection accuracy but also significantly reduces the required computational resources, highlighting its advantages in this field.
Quantization of a Llama Language Model for improved Efficiency and Inference
Authors: Madhanegha S , Vishnuvaradhan V , Arun R , Surenther I
Published: February 2025

Despite their transformational potential, large language models (LLMs) like Llama are difficult to implement on devices with limited computational power due to their high computational requirements. This study explores the quantization of the Lamba model, a method that minimizes memory footprint and model size for effective deployment. In order to obtain significant model compression with acceptable performance, we investigate different quantization techniques. At various quantization levels, the study will assess the trade-off between efficiency and accuracy. We will also look into how quantization affects the target devices' power consumption and inference speed. By enabling deployment on resource-constrained platforms and effectively quantifying the Llama model, this initiative seeks to democratize access to potent AI tools, encouraging greater innovation and practical applications.
Additionally, a smaller model results in cheaper implementation costs and enhanced sustainability due to lower inference power usage.
In order to quantified the Llama model, this research explores a number of technical approaches, assesses performance trade-offs, and optimizes deployment for effective hardware use. This project's objective is to successfully quantify the Llama model in order to show that it is feasible to implement it in contexts with limited resources. The results will help create LLMs that are easier to use and more effective.
Sustainable development in the European Union countries: panel data model evidence
Authors: Bartosiewicz Aleksandra , Szymanska Agata Gniadkowska - , Kucharski Adam
Published: February 2025

Sustainable development (SD) is significant in the European Union (EU) policy. This article examines the impact of key macroeconomic factors on the SD of the logistics enterprises of 25 EU countries divided into four regions. The macroeconomic factors included Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP per capita), unemployment rate, wages, external balance of goods and services, and Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP). The methodological part used panel models with fixed effects, ANOVA and the Scheffé procedure. Between 2008 and 2023, different macroeconomic factors influenced the SD depending on the region of Europe. The SD is most strongly affected by a change in the unemployment rate (Western, Central and Eastern Europe) and the HICP (Northern and Southern Europe). The GDP per capita proves significant in all regions except Northern Europe and is the most important variable in panel models for Southern Europe. In two regions (Western, Central and Eastern Europe), individual environmental effects are usually higher than those in the social area. The highest levels of sustainability in the economic domain are observed in panel models for Northern Europe and the lowest - for Southern Europe. The latter is much worse at implementing the SDGs than other European regions.
High-resolution Canada domain disturbance forcings suitable for land surface modeling applications
Authors: Beaver Jason , Curasi Salvatore R. , Melton Joe R. , Humphreys Elyn R. , Hermosilla Txomin , Wulder Michael A.
Published: February 2025

Spatially explicit fire and harvest data are useful for driving land surface model (LSM) simulations of the carbon cycle. From 1985-present, numerous Canadian disturbance datasets exist. However, before the launch of Landsat-4 (1984), few are available. We create spatially explicit LSM disturbance drivers for Canada for 1740-2018. We catalog and harmonize spatial and aspatial datasets and develop a novel algorithm that reconstructs disturbance far back in time using stand age. Based on possible historical scenarios, we reconstruct 283-394 Mha of fire and 3.42 Mha of harvest in total Canada-wide from 1740-1918. After 1918, when spatial records are available, we supplement them by reconstructing 25.79-60.30 Mha of fire and 24.75 Mha of harvest. After 1984, we exclusively use spatially explicit records. We verify the algorithm by comparing the inputs and resultant drivers and examine diagnostic metrics to disentangle the contribution of spatial, aspatial, and stand-age data. Our forcings and algorithm will improve the representation of disturbance-mediated impacts on Canada’s terrestrial carbon cycle and possibly in other regions.
Hypoxia tolerance of intertidal triplefin fish is associated with low critical oxygen tension and high phosphorylating capacity in brain mitochondria
Authors: Devaux Jules B.L. , McArley Tristan J. , Herbert Neill , H Anthony J.R.
Published: February 2025

At the terminus of the O2 cascade, mitochondria play an important role in O2 utilisation and energy conservation, with adaptive modifications occasionally shared among hypoxia-tolerant species. Here, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial adaptations in brain tissue explain the hypoxia tolerance of New Zealand triplefin fishes (Tripterygiidae). We compared two intertidal species (Bellapiscis medius and Forsterygion lapillum), both likely adapted to hypoxia-reoxygenation exposures, and two subtidal species (F. varium and F. malcomi), which inhabit normoxic waters. To assess hypoxia tolerance, we determined loss of equilibrium (LOE) during hypoxia exposure and measured the critical O2 tension (Pcrit). Intertidal species displayed superior hypoxia tolerance as assessed by LOE and also had lower Pcrit (LOE versus Pcrit R2=0.99). High-resolution respirometry was used to measure mitochondrial respiration in homogenate and permeabilised fragments of brain. While a weak relationship was apparent between mitochondrial O2 binding affinity (mP50) and LOE, maximum phosphorylating O2 consumption (OxPhos) and O2 catalytic rates were strongly correlated with hypoxia tolerance. Although cytochrome-c-oxidase activity was highest in the most hypoxia-tolerant species B. medius, it was only weakly correlated with hypoxia tolerance across species. Notably, the high OxPhos capacity of intertidal species was not associated with higher whole animal resting O2 consumption, suggesting intertidal species maintain high capacity for ATP production without incurring increased basal energetic costs. While somewhat paradoxical, the low Pcrit/high OxPhos strategy of intertidal species may provide flexibility in the dynamic intertidal environment where short, severe periods of hypoxia are interspersed with high energy demand environmental conditions (e.g. acute warming).
Real-Time Financial Fraud Detection Using Adaptive Graph Neural Networks and Federated Learning
Authors: Rahmati Milad
Published: February 2025

Detecting financial fraud in real time is an ongoing challenge due to the ever-evolving nature of fraudulent activities. Conventional fraud detection systems rely heavily on static machine learning models, which often struggle to adapt to emerging fraud patterns. Additionally, data privacy regulations and institutional constraints limit collaborative fraud detection efforts, as financial organizations are often unable to share sensitive transactional data. In this research, we introduce a real-time fraud detection framework that combines Adaptive Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Federated Learning (FL) to overcome these limitations. The GNN component dynamically models relationships within financial transactions, allowing the system to detect suspicious patterns as they emerge rather than relying on historical fraud markers. Meanwhile, federated learning enables multiple financial institutions to collaboratively train fraud detection models without directly sharing customer data, thus addressing privacy concerns. To enhance explainability and regulatory compliance, the proposed system integrates Explainable AI (XAI) methods, making fraud detection decisions more transparent. Experimental evaluations on benchmark financial datasets and real-world transactional data reveal that our approach improves fraud detection accuracy by 15–30% while reducing false positives compared to existing machine learning-based solutions. The findings highlight the potential of GNNs and FL in advancing fraud prevention strategies while maintaining data security and interpretability, making it a promising alternative to traditional fraud detection mechanisms.
Minimal Realization Time-Delay Koopman Analysis for Nonlinear System Identification
Authors: Chen Biqi , Wang Ying
Published: February 2025

Data is increasingly abundant in fields such as biology, engineering, neuroscience, and epidemiology. However, developing accurate models that capture the dynamics of the underlying system while ensuring interpretability and generalizability remains a significant challenge. To address this, we propose a novel methodology called Minimal Realization Time-Delay Koopman (MRTK) analysis, which is capable of identifying the minimal degrees of freedom in linear systems and handling both full-state and sparse measurements, even in noisy environments. For full-state measurements, we demonstrate that MRTK is equivalent to the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) method. For sparse measurements, it employs time-delay embedding techniques and the Koopman operator to construct a minimal realization linear model that is diffeomorphic to the attractor of the original system, unveiling the system's physical dynamics from a differential topology perspective. We validate the proposed approach using simulated data from transitional channel flow and the Lorenz system, as well as real-world temperature and wind speed data from the Hangzhou Bay Bridge. Integrating the identified model with a Kalman filter enables accurate estimation and prediction of sparse data. The results demonstrate high predictive accuracy in both scenarios, with the maximum NMSE prediction error for the wind speed field at 1.911%, highlighting the advanced identification capacity of the method and its potential to advance prediction and control of complex systems.
Sensitivity of Brain Injury Models to Head Pose, Sample Rate and Interpolation
Authors: Aston Thomas , McGill Katie , Teixeira-Dias Filipe
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study investigates how the lower sampling rates and interpolation methods typical of photogrammetric processes for head impact kinematics measurement can affect the accuracy of brain strain predictions, a critical metric in understanding traumatic brain injury (TBI) and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).
Methods: A dataset of head impact kinematics was generated using emulated instrumented mouthguard (iMG) data sampled at 1000 Hz. These data were converted to head pose measurements and downsampled to rates reflective of video-based systems (500, 100 and 50 Hz). Interpolation schemes (linear, cubic spline and PCHIP) were applied to upsample the downsampled data back to 1000 Hz before recovering angular velocity. Brain strain, measured as the 95th percentile of Maximum Principal Strain (MPS95), was predicted using both a traditional finite element head model (the EdiFEHM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN).
Results: Interpolation marginally improved the accuracy of strain predictions at lower sample rates, with PCHIP performing best among the methods tested. However, even with interpolation, over 25% of predictions at 50 Hz deviated by more than 10% from the 1000 Hz reference. The CNN displayed heightened sensitivity to linear interpolation compared to the EdiFEHM, due to its inability to account for the spikes present in the piecewise continuous angular velocity profiles.
Conclusion: Higher sample rates (≥ 500 Hz) yield accurate brain strain predictions, but lower rates (e.g., 50 Hz) introduce significant inaccuracies, despite marginal improvements with simple polynomial interpolation.
A natureza e os riscos do "quarto elemento" na resolução de conflitos online
Authors: De Souza Ezequiel Cruz , Porto Rosane Teresinha Carvalho , Ciaralli Carlo Alberto
Published: February 2025

O objetivo geral deste artigo é investigar o papel da inteligência artificial na resolução de conflitos online, analisando sua função como possível "quarto elemento" e como ferramenta para juízes e advogados, à luz da quarta revolução tecnológica e do conceito de infosfera de Luciano Floridi. Os objetivos específicos são: a) Analisar a quarta revolução tecnológica e o conceito de infosfera, e sua conexão com sistemas de inteligência artificial; b) Avaliar se a IA pode ser identificada como um "quarto elemento" na resolução de conflitos online; c) Verificar se a IA serve exclusivamente como meio de ação para juízes e advogados. A questão central é: Qual é a natureza e quais são os riscos associados ao uso da IA como "quarto elemento" na resolução de conflitos online? A hipótese afirmativa sugere que a IA, apesar de não possuir inteligência humana, transforma o trabalho de pacificação social realizado por juízes e advogados, servindo como uma importante ferramenta de apoio. Os resultados indicam que: 1) A Quarta Revolução impactou a resolução de conflitos online, com uso crescente de IA para agilizar a resolução de disputas; 2) A IA como "quarto elemento" promete melhorias significativas, mas também introduz perigos que exigem consideração cuidadosa quanto ao seu uso; 3) Transformar o mundo para facilitar a ação da IA levanta desafios urgentes na configuração de nossos ambientes físicos e conceituais, podendo exigir adaptações aos sistemas de IA. A metodologia utilizada é exploratória, com procedimento hipotético-dedutivo e abordagens qualitativa e bibliográfica.
Direito previdenciário: Uma visão de auxílio social do acidente de trabalho
Authors: Campelo Leon Carlos da Silva , Dib Rebeca Dantas
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a burocratização do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) relacionada a dificuldade para concessão do benefício auxílio-acidente. A pesquisa, desenvolvida com uma abordagem qualitativa, analisa o auxílio-acidente, um benefício essencial para trabalhadores que enfrentam sequelas que comprometem sua capacidade laboral. A metodologia inclui uma revisão da literatura sobre o histórico da previdência social. O estudo identifica diversas barreiras burocráticas que dificultam a concessão do auxílio-acidente, como a complexidade dos procedimentos administrativos e a resistência dos empregadores em reconhecer oficialmente os acidentes. Além disso, são discutidos os impactos sociais desses eventos, que podem alterar dinâmicas familiares e contribuir para o estigma social, afetando a reintegração do trabalhador à comunidade. As perspectivas futuras do auxílio-acidente são abordadas, destacando a necessidade de melhorar as políticas de prevenção, integrar o benefício a outros programas sociais e adotar tecnologias que otimizem o processo de concessão. O artigo conclui que, embora o auxílio-acidente represente um importante instrumento de justiça social, sua utilização é limitada devido a desafios administrativos e à falta de implementação efetiva após a cessação do auxílio-doença. Recomenda-se maior conscientização e reformas no sistema previdenciário para assegurar que os trabalhadores recebam o suporte necessário em situações de acidentes de trabalho.
Association of probable sleep bruxism in children with stress and quality of life: Preliminary cross-sectional study
Authors: Fagundes Daniela Malagoni , Guimarães Daniella Vidigal Fernandes da Silva , Azevedo Jacqueline Vitória do Nascimento , Oliveira Jackelyne Barbosa , Malagoni Denise Silva , Dibai Daniela Bassi , Soares Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira , Ferreira Meire Coelho
Published: February 2025

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association of probable sleep bruxism with stress and quality of life in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 117 children, aged 8–11 years, from public schools in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, from March to December 2019. A questionnaire with demographic and socioeconomic questions, aspects related to sleep bruxism, and deleterious oral habits was answered by parents. The children underwent clinical examination and then answered the Childhood Stress Scale and the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQUEI). Data were subjected to descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses (hierarchical Poisson regression models) at 5% significance level. Results: A brown race prevailed in the sample (70.1%). Probable sleep bruxism and stress were observed in 11.1% and 38.5% of the children, respectively. The “family” and “function” domains of AUQUEI were the most impaired (10,892.20 and 10,211.87, respectively), while probable sleep bruxism was not significantly associated with stress (p=0.293). Conclusions: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that probable sleep bruxism was not associated with stress or a negative impact on children’s quality of life.
Contextos de estresse parental na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Alves Thauana Ferreira , Limberger Débora Cristina , Hausen Camila Freitas , Da Silva Josielson Costa , De Souza Neila Santini , Jantsch Leonardo Bigolin
Published: February 2025

Este estudo teve como objetivo (re)conhecer as situações estressoras de pais no contexto da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Trata-se de estudo misto realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal. Participaram da entrevista treze pais e/ou mães de recém-nascidos e os dados quantitativos foram coletados pela escala parental Stress scale: neonatal intensive care unit. Para a análise temática foi utilizado Bardin. Os dados resultaram em quatro categorias temáticas e uma tabela falante que integra os dados de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. O estresse é presente pelas duas facetas metodológicas de análise com ênfase ao domínio papel de pai e mãe, com maior média de score. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de promover uma assistência singular ao recém-nascido, levando em consideração a família. Além da comunicação eficiente, promover e fortalecer a corresponsabilização dos pais pelo cuidado, respeitar os princípios familiares são essenciais para a recuperação e reabilitação do neonato.
Segurança nos cuidados de enfermagem com medicamentos sedativos, analgésicos e vasoativos: Revisão de escopo
Authors: Carleti Melissa , Wachter Djulia Andriele , Giordani Juliana Neves , Caregnato Rita Catalina Aquino , Blatt Carine Raquel
Published: February 2025

O objetivo foi mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre a segurança nos cuidados de enfermagem no preparo e administração de medicamentos sedativos, analgésicos e vasoativos em pacientes críticos. Trata-se de uma scoping review com busca nas bases de dados: EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMED/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL e Web of Science. Complementou-se a busca na literatura cinzenta. Foram selecionados 32 estudos: a maioria (12) era dos EUA e um brasileiro; 16 publicados nos últimos cinco anos; 18 abordaram os cuidados com vasoativos; 11 os cuidados com analgésicos e sedativos. Sobre sedativos e analgésicos, identificaram-se cuidados para realização de procedimentos invasivos/dolorosos e o papel do enfermeiro nessa prática. Sobre vasoativos, encontrou-se a administração em vias periféricas, cuidados com bombas de infusão, comunicação, incompatibilidades físico-químicas, benefícios dos medicamentos prontos ou pré manipulados e implementação de protocolos assistenciais. As publicações descrevem a complexidade e os diversos cuidados da equipe de enfermagem na segurança desses medicamentos.
Assessing Recency of Faulting in the Stable Continental Region of Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Coppersmith Ryan T. , Slack Christopher , Cawthra Hayley , Bierman Paul , Drebber Jason
Published: February 2025

Field and desktop mapping studies were conducted for the stable continental region in the Western Cape Province of South Africa to characterize fault activity of four fault systems, including the Worcester, Groenhof, Piketberg-Wellington, and Colenso faults. The geologic studies presented here were in support of a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) for a nearby nuclear power facility site. Previous studies performed by the South African Council for Geoscience in the region suggested evidence of near-surface co-seismic deformation (De Beer, 2004; De Beer et al., 2008). The goal of this study is to re-assess the prior interpretations of these four faults and gather the required data for including them in a seismic source model for use in a PSHA. The primary aspects to include in the characterization are the recency of movement, slip rate, kinematics, and geometry. To improve the interpretation and target sites, the study used a satellite-derived digital elevation model and aerial imagery for six areas, totaling over 900 km2 of data. Limited Quaternary cover, or other late Cenozoic deposits that overlie the Precambrian and Paleozoic bedrock structures, resulted in difficulty constraining the recency of faulting. The new observations presented in this study suggest that reactivation and surface rupture along pre-Cenozoic faults of the four fault systems have not occurred in at least the last 10 ka. Further, the lack of youthful tectonic geomorphology and deformation of Quaternary stratigraphy indicate that surface faulting has not occurred in the late to middle Quaternary along any of these four structures.