bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING THE TECHNOLOGY OF BELORUSSIAN RAILWAY IN CONDITIONS OF ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS USAGE
Authors: M. M. Kolos  , M. A. Gonchar
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The scientific paper highlights improving the technology of railway transport in the Republic of Belarus in conditions of electronic legally significant documents. Methodology. The study covered the collection of statistical data on the duration of separate technological operations performance, the evaluation of static data and the descriptive analysis of their characteristics. When assessing the effectiveness of the proposed measures we used methods of expert estimations, methods of evaluating the effectiveness of IT investments. Findings. Technology, hardware, software, organizational and other aspects of electronic legally significant documents used in freight and commercial work are determined. The work defines the most important directions of technology improvements at Belarusian Railway entities and their relations with shippers and consignees through the use of electronic legally significant documents. These directions are as follows: simplification of station commercial costs accounting, automation of technological operations, improving the interaction between the railway tracks and adjunction stations, simplification of transport planning and demand performance record, implementation of common information space for all participants of transportation process. The predictive estimate of efficiency for implementation of electronic legally significant documents in freight and commercial work of the Belarusian railway is calculated. Originality. This article presents a dual model of digital signature as a tool for the automatic fixation of technological operations or for specifying the time for its implementation, which allows converting a number of technological processes to a new level, helping to create a common information space of freight traffic. Practical value. The obtained results are used to form the list of the actions directed on perfection of railway transport technology in conditions of electronic legally significant documents, assessment of their significance and phasing of their implementation on Belarusian railway. The results of the project will allow: to reduce costs of shippers, consignees, railroads, to improve productivity, cost competitiveness of railway transportation and quality services, to create common information space and, as a consequence, to improve the quality of work with information flows and access to information for all participants of transportation process.
DETERMINATION OF ENERGY LOSSES BY SHOCK ABSORBER IN A FREIGHT CAR AT CRASH MODE
Authors: Bolzhelarskyi Ya. V. , Sobolevska Yu. H. , Dovganyuk S. S. , Batig A. V.
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to determine the energy losses in the shock absorber of the freight car whose wheel-set moves in the derailed state on the track panel depending on the axle load and structural parameters of spring suspension. Methodology. On the basis of spring suspension construction analysis and operating principle of the friction shock absorber of the freight car bogie the authors provide the method for determining the energy absorbed by it. The calculations take the maximum values of the absorber elements displacement and the regulatory values of spring suspension parameters. Findings. The authors obtained the calculated formula for determining the energy absorbed by shock absorber for regulation-set mounting schemes of elastic bogie elements depending on the axial load. The mentioned curves are parabolic. Originality. The work examines the crash mode of the wheel-set movement on the track panels after its derailment. It is shown that the energy dissipation in the shock absorbers is the reason for increase in resistance to rolling stock movement. The formulas for calculating the amount of energy dissipated in the shock absorber with a maximum displacement of its elements are derived. This energy depends on the axle load and structural parameters of spring suspension. Practical value. The proposed method allows setting the value of the additional resistance to motion that occurs in crash mode which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of traction calculations.
STUDY OF TECHNICAL STATE IMPACT OF BRAKE RETARDERS AT THE PROCESSING ABILITY OF HUMPS
Authors: Kozachenko D. M. , Grevtsov S. V. , Bolvanovska T. V.
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The research aims development of methods for calculating the estimated capacity humps for the loss conditions of brake power retarders. Methodology. The operation of humps is connected with large number of random factors, such as the characteristics of cuts, environmental conditions, the value of braking power implemented by retardants and others. In this regard, to research the set tasks the methods of simulation modeling and mathematical statistics are used. Determination of speed and motion time of cuts on the routes is carried out on the basis of rolling down modeling of their rolling down from the humps. Findings. If the brake power of retarders of the rolling down part of humps is not enough to stop the cuts, it should be provided the intervals during break-up to release the rolling routes from the preliminary cuts. The dependencies allowing to set the duration of these intervals were determined using the methods of the probability theory If the brake power of retarders at the rolling down part of humps and at the classification tracks is not enough to meet the requirements of the aimed regulation of the cuts rolling speed, it is necessary the use the additional brake shoes. The work develops the methods that on the basis of simulation modeling of the humping process allow one to set the desired value of the break-up duration increase. They ensure the traffic safety at the given number of car motion speed regulators. Originality. Authors firstly proposed the improved methods for determining the estimated capacity of humps. Unlike the existing ones, allow taking into account the technological limitations caused by the requirements of the humping process safety and can be used to assess the performance of the humps in the conditions of parametric failures of the retarders. Practical value. The use of the proposed methods allows assessing the influence of the retarders’ disrepair on the performance degradation of humps for the existing volumes of work.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WHEELSET OSCILLATIONS WITH INDEPENDENT WHEEL ROTATION IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE
Authors: Myamlin S. V. , Kirilchuk O. A. , Metyzhenko V. S.
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The work is devoted to the study of horizontal oscillation and the assessment of the motion stability of a single wheelset with independent wheel rotation, and to the comparison of stability indicators of the typical wheelset and the wheelset with independent wheel rotation. This is connected with the necessity to increase traffic speed of rolling stock, improve road safety and comfort of passengers. Methodology. To achieve this purpose we used the methods of mathematical simulation of railway rolling stock dynamics, as well as the linear algebra methods to assess the stability of solutions of the linear homogeneous differential equations. Findings. To solve the set task the design model of a single wheelset with independent wheel rotation was created. The wheelset is not a single solid body; each of the wheelset axles has a surplus degree of freedom. Thus, we obtained the system with 4 degrees of freedom. The design model allowed  to obtain the system of linear homogeneous differential equations describing the oscillations of the represented wheelset in a horizontal plane on a straight track section. On the basis of the computer modeling were calculated the eigenvalues of the differential equation system coefficients and the asymptotic stability analysis of the wheelset motion with independent wheel rotation. The increment and the frequency of fluctuations were compared with similar indicators for the standard wheelset. The authors also discussed non-oscillatory forms of the wheelset motion and the issues of wheelset self-centering on the track. Originality. The result of the work is the mathematical model of the sinuous movement of a single wheelset, in two-dimensional formulation, with independent wheel rotation and the estimate of the dynamic indices during its motion on a straight track section without any irregularities. There were also proposed the ways to ensure the self-centering on the track of the wheelset with independent wheel rotation. Practical value. The developed mathematical model of the single wheelset motion with independent wheel rotation can be used to create the advanced designs of railway running gear of cars.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HORIZONTAL PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ON CORRUGATED STEEL SILO WALLS
Authors: Kachurenko V. V. , Bannіkov D. O.
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The paper aims: 1) qualitative assessment of the nature of the container corrugated wall deformation caused by the load from bulk materials. 2) determination of the horizontal pressure redistribution scheme for each individual corrugation plate and the calculation method that is closer to the real situation. 3) obtaining the quantitativedeformation indicators to compare them with the calculated ones produced by means of mathematical model simulation. Methodology.To achieve this purpose the different types of capacitive structure profiles were investigated and the values of total vertical displacement under load were obtained. The computational experiment used the design computer system Structure CAD for Windows. In addition, the laboratory experiment was conducted, the analysis of which is important to confirm the correctness of pre-made computer models. Findings. The conducted experiment allowed receiving the confirmation of the FEM calculated data, namely qualitatively and quantitatively the deformation direction and nature completely repeated the design situation in SCAD. Thework ofcorrugatedprofile was analysedfordifferenttheoreticallypossibleload schemesanddifferentcalculation methods. Alsotheworkcontainstherecommendationsfortherealcalculationusingcomputersimulation. During a joint study the authors obtained the data that allow for more accurate assessment of the corrugated profile performance under the pressure from bulk materials. Originality. The conducted research and experimental tests explain and clarify the ways for possible redistribution of bulk material pressure on each corrugation plate, while there is no such information in the existing recommendation literature and regulatory framework concerning the capacitive structure design. Practical value.The use of the proposed solutions is useful for correct design of containers with corrugated walls during further calculations and search of new directions for future research.
CONCRETE BASED ON MODIFIED DISPERSE CEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Rudenko D. V.
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The article considers definition of the bond types occurring in a modified cement concrete matrix, and the evaluation of the quality of these links in a non-uniform material to determine the geometrical and physical relationships between the structure and the cement matrix modifiers. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the studies covered the microstructure of dispersed modified concrete cement matrix, the structure formation mechanism of the modified cement concrete system of natural hardening; as well as identification of the methods of sound concrete strength assessment. Findings. The author proposed a model of the spatial structure of the concrete cement matrix, modified by particulate reinforcement crystal hydrates. The initial object of study is a set of volume elements (cells) of the cement matrix and the system of the spatial distribution of reinforcing crystallohydrates in these volume elements. It is found that the most dangerous defects such as cracks in the concrete volume during hardening are formed as a result of internal stresses, mainly in the zone of cement matrix-filler contact or in the area bordering with the largest pores of the concrete. Originality. The result of the study is the defined mechanism of the process of formation of the initial strength and stiffness of the modified cement matrix due to the rapid growth of crystallohydrates in the space among the dispersed reinforcing modifier particles. Since the lack of space prevents from the free growth of crystals, the latter cross-penetrate, forming a dense structure, which contributes to the growth of strength. Practical value. Dispersed modifying cement matrix provides a durable concrete for special purposes with the design performance characteristics. The developed technology of dispersed cement system modification, the defined features of its structure formation mechanism and the use of congruence principle for the complex of technological impacts of physical and chemical processes of hydration of clinker minerals allowed developing technological bases for special-purpose concrete.
ESTIMATION OF SUBGRADE STRENGTHENING INFLUENCE USING SOILCEMENT ELEMENTS
Authors: Petrenko V. D. , Tiutkin O. L. , Sviatko I. O.
Published: November 2016

Purpose. The aim of this work is to identify dependencies and options to strengthen the roadbed and a weak base by grouting piles. Analysis of software package SCAD to assess the effect of the selected option of strengthening the construction of spatial subgrade models. Methodology. In this paper the method of calculation of the soil mass in the software package SCAD is considered, which is a universal accounting system of finite-element analysis of structures and is focused on solving problems of designing buildings and structures rather complex structure. The finite element method is among the most modern and effective methods for the calculation of structures for various purposes. In the simulation, we get a complete picture of the stress-strain state of the study area, as well as the value of the limit load, rainfall, and so on. The spatial model based on the finite element volume, to better address the real characteristics of the soil mass, meets all the geometric characteristics of size and natural subgrade and the top structure the path that has been adopted in Ukraine. Findings. It was found that the most effective option to strengthen the roadbed, when applying grouting piles at the base of the subgrade and body, is to strengthen the five piles. At the same time there is even strengthen the soil mass at the level of 25 … 30% of the entire depth. However, even with the strengthening of the only two piles at the base of the effect of the strengthening of 14.1%. Established equation is linear and describes the decrease in strain. Taking into account the results of the research can be concluded that the consolidation is proportional to the depth with any number of piles. The dependence of the strain on the number of piles adheres to a polynomial function. Strengthening the bases of the subgrade and body depth also occurs in proportion with any number of piles. Originality. Design scheme generation algorithm for the calculation of the subgrade on a weak basis by finite element method was determined. The selection of strength characteristics of soils and the design parameters for use during the numerical simulation was completed. Load process simulation of the system by rolling stock was grounded. Practical value. Analysis of stress-strain state of «weak base-subgrade» allows you to see the basic laws work the soil and take the necessary measures to enhance the cross-section profile of jet-grouting elements.
Decommissioning the Chernobyl nuclear power plant: an update
Authors: Maltini Fulcieri , Asamov Sergey
Published: November 2016

The 1986 accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine led to the destruction of one of its four generating units. Radioactive contamination spread for several hundred kilometres around the site, resulting in tonnes of nuclear waste and spent fuel being left without protection or control. A large part of Europe was seriously contaminated by the cloud. A team of engineers was established in the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to manage a fund provided by the Group of Seven donor countries with the purpose of decommissioning several Soviet-built nuclear power plants built in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia, Lithuania and Slovakia. Chernobyl included a major site remediation and the construction of several facilities to process and store the spent fuel and the radioactive waste, as well as to protect damaged structures. This paper reports on the accident and on the progress with the design and construction of a new interim spent fuel storage facility, liquid and solid radioactive waste treatment plants, a solid waste storage complex and a unique and very large safe confinement that will be moved over the destroyed reactor in 2017. The major facilities have been designed for a 100 year life.
Strategic analysis of the future of national infrastructure
Authors: Hall Jim W. , Thacker Scott , Ives Matt C. , Cao Yue , Chaudry Modassar , Blainey Simon P. , Oughton Edward J.
Published: November 2016

There have been many calls for a more strategic, long-term approach to national infrastructure in the UK and elsewhere around the world. While appealing in principle, developing a national infrastructure strategy in practice poses major challenges of complexity and uncertainty. The UK Infrastructure Transitions Research Consortium has set out a systematic methodology for long-term analysis of the performance of national infrastructure systems. It deals with each infrastructure sector – energy, transport, digital communications, water supply, waste water, flood protection and solid waste – in a consistent framework and assesses the interdependencies between sectors. The method is supported with the world’s first infrastructure ‘system-of-systems’ model, which has been developed for long-term decision analysis in interdependent infrastructure systems. This paper presents the Nismod model’s analysis in the National Needs Assessment report launched at the Institution of Civil Engineers in October 2016.
EFICÁCIA DO USO DE CORTICOSTEROIDE SISTÊMICO NO TRATAMENTO DO PÊNFIGO VULGAR ORAL
Authors: Ferreira Victor Yuri Nicolau , Lyra Tácio Candeia , Pereira Laudenice De Lucena , Nascimento Marcelo Anderson Barbosa , De Souza Lélia Batista , Bonan Paulo Rogério Ferreti
Published: November 2016

Introdução: O pênfigo vulgar é uma doença autoimune, caracterizada pela presença de lesões ulcerativas e bolhosas em pele e mucosas. Os objetivos deste trabalho são relatar um caso de pênfigo vulgar oral, com ênfase no tratamento e abordar algumascaracterísticas clínicas e histopatológicas da doença. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 38 anos, feoderma, compareceuao serviço especializado em diagnóstico oral da cidade de João Pessoa – PB, com queixa de múltiplas lesões ulceradas na cavidadeoral, disfagia, disfonia e perda acentuada de peso com dois meses de evolução. As hipóteses foram pênfigo vulgar e pênfigoidedas membranas mucosas. Foi realizada uma biópsia incisional na “túnica mucosa jugal”, na qual foi confirmado o diagnóstico depênfigo vulgar. O tratamento de escolha, inicialmente, foi a administração sistêmica de prednisona 80 mg, cuja remissão das lesões ocorreu a partir das primeiras semanas e a dosagem reduzida gradativamente até a dose atual de 2,5 mg Conclusão: Observou-seefetividade do tratamento de escolha após remissão de todas as lesões na cavidade oral.
PREVALÊNCIA DE OBSTRUÇÃO NASAL EM PACIENTES COM DISTÚRBIOS RESPIRATÓRIOS RELACIONADOS AO SONO
Authors: Bortoluzzi Talita Bottan , De Oliveira Ana Carolina , Abdo Yasmine Carreira V. , De Souza Isabela Cristina A. , Piatto Vânia Belintani , Molina Fernando Drimel
Published: November 2016

Introdução: Há relação entre o quadro clínico de obstrução nasal com ronco e a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono, em virtudedo aumento da resistência nasal. Objetivos: Verificar a associação de obstrução nasal em pacientes com distúrbios respiratóriosrelacionados ao sono. Material e Métodos: Foram revisados 195 prontuários de pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, entre os anos de 2013 a 2014. Estudo de casos retrospectivo em corte transversal.Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 133 (68%) pacientes do gênero masculino e 62 (32%) do feminino. Dentre os pacientescom síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (Grupo I), 76% são homens, média de 48,5 anos (DP ± 10,7 anos), obesos e índice deapneia/hipopneia grave. Os pacientes com ronco primário (Grupo II) são mulheres (53%), média de 45,7 anos (DP ± 10,2 anos)e com sobrepeso. O desvio de septo nasal e hipertrofia de conchas foram as alterações nasais mais prevalentes para ambos osgrupos. A comparação dos pacientes do Grupo I apresentando obstrução nasal, com a intensidade do ronco e com o grau de sonolência em relação ao Grupo II foi significante (p=0,008). Conclusão: Os pacientes com síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sonosão homens de meia idade, obesos e com apneia grave. Aqueles com ronco primário são mulheres na meia idade e com sobrepeso.Houve associação da presença de obstrução nasal com a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono, com os graus de apneia, com aintensidade do ronco e com maior sonolência.
Electrochemical Behavior of Magnesium and its Alloys in non-Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kuvancheva A.M. , Nauryzbayev M.K. , Ishkenov A.R. , Kurbatov A.P.
Published: November 2016

Magnesium and its alloys are widely used in creation of chemical sources of current, because possesses a number of characteristics: highly negative standart potential, low equivalent weight, high melting point, low cost, relative abundance, ease of handling, machining, and disposal, and low toxicity of most its compounds. Therefore study of magnesium behavior and isolation is actually and perspective. However results of researches in this area are separated and have no a general direction. In this connection, the given article supposes by the purpose to generalize last achievements, available in the modern literature in electrochemistry of magnesium and its alloys in non-aqueous media.
Study of Sorption Capacity and Surface Morphology of Carbon Nanomaterials/Chitosan Based Aerogels
Authors: Sultanov F.R. , Mansurov Z.A. , Daulbayev Ch. , Urazgaliyeva A.A. , Bakbolat B. , Pei Shin-Shem
Published: November 2016

In this research aerogels were synthesized by homogenization of carbon nanotubes and chitosan under ultrasonic treatment and active magnetic stirring, followed by freeze-drying in order to remove the liquid from its structure. Freeze-drying is characterized by a certain ratio of pressure and temperature at which the solid phase, in our case – the ice, turns into a gas without passing through a liquid phase. Freezedrying was carried out at a temperature of –15 °C and a pressure of 30–40 Pa. After freeze-drying which lasted for 20 h, the as-obtained aerogels were carbonized at temperature of 800 °C in an inert atmosphere. Surface morphology of resulting aerogels was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The hydrophobicity and sorption capacity of these aerogels to organic liquids characterized by different densities were investigated. In addition, composite aerogels with the presence of graphene nano-platelets in the structure were obtained and the influence of introduction of graphene nanoplatelets on aerogel’s properties was analyzed. It was found that composite aerogels based on graphene and carbon nanotubes with chitosan as a glue matrix are characterized by a better-developed porosity of surface with a smaller pore sizes, and their sorption capacity for organic liquids is higher compared with the aerogels based on carbon nanotubes.
Effect of the Porosity Ran ge and its Nature on Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloys Mg-Al-Zn
Authors: Ismailov M.B. , Ramazanova Zh.M. , Nigmetchanova G.B. , Tolendyuly S. , Mustafa L.M.
Published: November 2016

The possibilities of porosity adjustment in alloys of the Mg-Al-Zn system obtained by melting under a layer of flux were studied. The elements that significantly increase corrosion resistance and heat resistance, and improve mechanical strength and technological characteristics were chosen as doping components. Measurements showed that the range of porosity varied between 5.9 and 14.8%, and the relationship
between porosity and strength of alloys was defined for the first time for this range. For an alloy with porosity of 14.8%, the percentage of open pores was 12.8% while the percentage of closed pores was 2%. Micro-hardness of alloys with the given porosity was 661 MPa after casting, 876 MPa after homogenizing annealing and 897 MPa after artificial aging. The tensile strength was 235 MPa. Analysis identified that the main cause of porosity was catching atoms of hydrogen from atmosphere by molten alloys during melting, casting and liquation. In order to reduce the percentage of porosity alloys were doped by metal manganese, liquid metal was processed by calcium and hexachloroethane, and casting form was treated by boron nitride. These manipulations resulted in reduction of samples porosity up to 5.9%, increase of tensile strength up to 240 MPa. Open porosity was 4.5%, while closed porosity was 1.4%. At the same time micro-hardness of cast samples was 867 MPa, 903 MPa after homogenization annealing and 961 MPa after artificial aging. Further reduction of porosity and increasing of magnesium alloys strength is possible with the use of inert gases or vacuum melting. Samples porosity can be increased by more than 14.8% with the help of melting in the hydrogen containing atmosphere.
Reactions of Chlorine Dioxide with Organic Compounds
Authors: Ganiev I.M. , Timergazin Q.K. , Kabalnova N.N. , Shereshovets V.V. , Tolstikov G.A.
Published: November 2016

Data on the reactivity of chlorine dioxide with organic compounds from various classes are summarized. Early investigations of the reactions of chlorine dioxide were occurred in aqueous or predominantly aqueous solutions in general, because it used in drinking water treatment and in industry as bleaching agent. However, chlorine dioxide was not used widely as reagent in organic synthesis. In last decades the number of publications on the studying interaction of the chlorine dioxide in organic medium increased. In table presented the rate constants reactions of chlorine dioxide with organic compounds published through 2004. Most of the rate constants were determined spectrophotometrically by decay kinetics of chlorine dioxide at 360 nm. Chlorine dioxide may be used for oxidation of organic compounds, because chlorine dioxide is enough reactive and selective as an oxidant with a wide range of organic compounds based on these reaction rate constants. But the application of chlorine dioxide as reagent in organic synthesis is restrained by the lack of data on the kinetics and mechanism of reactions involving chlorine dioxide, as well as data on the product yields and composition, temperature and solvent effects, and catalysts. The pathways of products formation and probable mechanisms of reactions are discussed in the review.
Simulation of Steam Reforming Tube with Shaped Particles
Authors: Kagyrmanova A.P. , Vernikovskaya N.V. , Zolotarsky I.A. , Smirnov E.I. , Kuzmin V.A.
Published: November 2016

Shaped catalysts are widely used in steam reforming. A comprehensive mathematical model able to predict and compare performance of different shaped catalysts is developed. The two-dimensional pseudo homogeneous model accounts for heat transfer between the tube wall and catalyst bed, conductivity and diffusivity in the radial direction in the packed bed and intraparticle diffusion. Gas volume changing caused by reaction stoichiometry results in a radial convective mass flux. A verification of the model and simulated performance of different shaped catalysts in steam reforming of natural gas are presented.
Carbon Adsorbents and Catalysts Produced from Worked out Gas Mask Cartridges
Authors: Kartel N.T. , Stavitskaya S.S. , Zhuravsky S.V. , Strelko V.V.
Published: November 2016

It is offered here the procedure of utilization of gas mask or respirator charge when operation term is expired. This technique enables to get not only high quality active carbon but also its oxidized variety that has properties of polyfunctional carboxylic cationite and catalyst decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (catalysis activity). Structure-sorption properties of the obtained adsorbents are listed below.
Hydropurification and Hydroisomerisation of Butyl-Mercaptan-Alkane Mixes and Diesel Oil Fractions on Alumo-Iron-Molybdenum Catalysts
Authors: Zakumbaeva G.D. , Tuktin B. , Gazizova A.D.
Published: November 2016

Modified alumina-iron-molybdenum (AIM) catalysts have been studied in hydropurification and hydroisomerization both of butylmercaptan-alkane mixture and diesel oil fractions. It has been shown that the modification of alumina-iron-molybdenum catalysts by zeolites and other additives leads to a significantenhance of their hydrodesulfurization and hydroisomerization activity.
Hydroxylation of Phenol over M-MCM-48
Authors: Subrahmanyam Ch. , Louis B. , Viswanathan B. , Renken A. , Varadarajan T.K.
Published: November 2016

The synthesis and characterization of M-MCM-48 (M= Si, Ti, V, Cr and Mn) materials have been carried out. These systems promote hydroxylation of phenol with 30 % H2O2 and the hydroxylation activity is highest for Ti-MCM-48. Water appears to be a better solvent than acetone and acetonitrile.
Micro and Nano Scale Phenomena of Aluminum Agglomeration During Solid Propellant Combustion
Authors: Gany Alon
Published: November 2016

Combustion of aluminized solid propellants exhibits phenomena associated with accumulation, agglomeration, ignition, and combustion of micro and nano-size aluminum particles. In general, agglomeration is an undesirable phenomenon, as it turns small particles into relatively large agglomerates, each containing many original particles, resulting in long combustion times which may lead to incomplete reaction, reduced jet momentum, and enhanced slag formation which adds parasite mass and may damage the motor insulation. This article presents a physical mechanism explaining the agglomeration process, revealing that small particles tend to agglomerate more than large particles. In addition, it suggests ways to reduce agglomeration of the aluminum particles via nano-coatings generating reactive heating and promoting ignition.
Effect of Heat Transfer Peculiarities on Ignition and Combustion Behavior of Al Nanoparticles
Authors: Zarko Vladimir
Published: November 2016

Nanoenergetic materials have some advantages against micrometric and bulk materials. This is due to enhanced surface area and intimacy between reactive components that leads to increase in the reaction rate and decrease in the ignition delay. However, till now there is very limited understanding of fundamental physical processes that control reaction and combustion wave propagation. The heat transfer in the case of nanoparticles is characterized some specifi c features which determine the sometime unusual ignition and combustion behavior. The paper is focused on discussing the ignition and combustion of nano Al particles in conditions of a shock tube and in a plastic tube. It is shown that tiny metal particles at high temperatures and pressures become “thermally isolated” from ambient gas environment and experimentally observed ignition delays may be two order magnitudes longer of those calculated without accounting real energy accommodation and sticking coeffi cients. When going to conditions of reaction propagation in a plastic tube, some different ways for heat transfer have to be carefully analyzed. Actually, there are no evidences for unique dominant process which may provide propagation of combustion wave with observed speed through the loose Al/CuO particles mixture. It can be stated that the process comprises 2 stages with very fast ignition, releasing large amount of heat and propelling hot gas and condensed material in direction of unreacted mixture followed by more slow reaction of remaining metal with evolved in oxide decomposition oxygen. Common conclusion is that further detailed studying the fundamental properties of nanoenergetics materials and their reaction behavior may open ways for purposed control of the combustion behavior and for effective use of nanoenergetics in practical applications.
Software Development Initiatives to Identify and Mitigate Security Threats - Two Systematic Mapping Studies
Authors: Silva Paulina , Noël René , Matalonga Santiago , Astudillo Hernán , Gatica Diego , Marquez Gastón
Published: November 2016

Software Security and development experts have addressed the problem of building secure software systems. There are several processes and initiatives to achieve secure software systems. However, most of these lack empirical evidence of its application and impact in building secure software systems. Two systematic mapping studies (SM) have been conducted to cover the existent initiatives for identification and mitigation of security threats. The SMs created were executed in two steps, first in 2015 July, and complemented through a backward snowballing in 2016 July. Integrated results of these two SM studies show a total of 30 relevant sources were identified; 17 different initiatives covering threats identification and 14 covering the mitigation of threats were found. All the initiatives were associated to at least one activity of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC); while 6 showed signs of being applied in industrial settings, only 3 initiatives presented experimental evidence of its results through controlled experiments, some of the other selected studies presented case studies or proposals.
Peran perempuan dalam penggunaan alat kontrasepsi
Authors: Fitriani Anis
Published: November 2016

Family planning is a program established by government to minimize the population explosion by preventing pregnancy and child birth. Women are naturally able to conceive and give birth so they become the target of higher contraceptive use than men. Women in the Pucangro Village Kalitengah subdistrict in Lamongan regency explained their experiences and knowledge they have in using contraception. This type of research is qualitative phenomenology. In this study, researcher explains knowledge and experiences of women in using contraception. Information obtained through observation of women’s life by conducting interview with five women who use contraceptives. Contraception which used by many people in Pucangro Village, Kalitengah subdistrict, Lamongan regency are injection, pill, implant and steady contraception. Women often change contraception methods to adjust the most suitable type for their body because of the effects of contraception make users uncomfortable. Even so, informants persist in using contraception because they have no other choice. Frequency in changing contraceptive method also due to women's knowledge about contraceptive methods which is critically low, such knowledge is mostly gained throughm experiences from parents and siblings. The partner (husband) are less involved and do not want to know the use of contraception’s partner (wife). Several factors that stimulate contraception usage are knowledge possession, level of education, encouragement from family or partner, and side effect of the contraception itself. Women have the power to determine the type of contraception they prefer but no power to refuse using contraception even though negative effects are most likely to occur.
Model pelayanan air bersih perdesaan
Authors: Dorojati Rini , Astuti Nuraini Dwi , Hartono Hartono
Published: November 2016

Low coverage of clean water in Indonesia leads to minimum consumption of clean water with proper health requirement. Increasement of clean water coverage is undergoing an effort from independent community in society. This research aims to find a service model of clean water for group based rural communities. Type of this research is descriptive qualitative, with research object is clean water independent provider group, Oyo Wening Santosa community, in a village called Bunder, district of Patuk, Gunung Kidul. Data was gathered by document utilization, parsitipatory observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion. Data was analyzed with qualitative method. This research shows that clean water coverage organized by communiy Oyo Wening is a model of sinergy for organization that was established by concern from society and government support, emerge in a program called “Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum Ibu Kota Kecamatan” (SPAM IKK). There are 1170 households channel subscribers spread across four villages. The service procedures are applied based on local conditions. This service has some drawbacks, namely the limited knowledge of the officer, the legality of which is not owned by the organization, facilities and infrastructure, and the relatively low tarrif, Rp 3,500 per m3. In conclusion, rural water services with the model applied in Oyo Wening Sentosa showed a changing trend in people's access to clean water and the local economy has increased. The legality of the business management of water services should become a priority for the stakeholders to ensure the realization of excellent service in providing clean water.
Strategi pengembangan pariwisata daerah dan pemberdayaan masyarakat di Parigi Moutong
Authors: Soedarso Soedarso , Sutikno Sutikno , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: November 2016

Community empowerment program in Parigi Moutong district has not been effectively operated, that greater effort to evaluate and develop the previously implemented program is needed. This research uses purposive sampling method, i.e. the chosen sample method. The study result finds that the cause of the community empowerment program that has been done is still not effective because the process of the determining program is lacking of public participation. As a result, it creates a new helplessness, i.e. the dependence of communities on the program with direct assistance. On the other hand, the regional tourism development program has a good prospect and able to synergized with a more participative community empowerment program that. The beauty of Parigi Moutong natural landscape and its possesion of various natural resources is a great potential to create a tourism destination, and enhancing society's welfare around the area.
An Engineered Approach to Acid Stimulation Strategies for Wells in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: McDuff D. , Claiborne E. , Zielinski M. , Melear D. , Helou H. , Alvarado O. , Hussien A.
Published: November 2016

Chevron Iraq Limited carried out a drill-stem test (DST) campaign in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq starting in year 2014. Several reservoirs with varying characteristics were targeted.

The designs of the executed stimulation treatments were based on reservoir and fluid information acquired during the drilling phase. The complex carbonate formations presented uncertainties in terms of the formation fluids, lithology, and the type and severity of formation damage that may have been present. This was a challenge toward stimulation fluids design and treatment placement. With the objective of optimizing stimulation treatments in the tested intervals, stimulation design best practices were applied and a three different stimulation methods were utilized including a hybrid matrix acidizing / acid fracturing approach.

In order to design the treatments, open hole logs, drilling fluids damage from mud losses, fluids compatibility, fracture pressures, placement rates, and other well conditions were considered. The bottom-hole pressure recording and the production results measured through the DST operations enabled an in-depth evaluation of the acid response as the campaign progressed and provided valuable data for optimization of the stimulation strategy from one treatment to the next.

This paper explains the stimulation fluids selection, quality assurance, fluids placement design, the three differing stimulation strategies applied and rationale for applying them, operational execution, and evaluation of the results in addition to the lessons learned for the way forward. This will be of interest and may be beneficial to those with similar projects involving complex carbonate reservoirs in northern Iraq and other areas of the world.
ESP Suffers Erosion Due to Sand Production in a Mature Onshore Oil Field
Authors: Boudi Adnan A.
Published: November 2016

This paper demonstrates the findings of Electrical Submersible Pump (ESPs) failure investigations of sand erosion occurring in sandy wells. The study comprises a review of reasons for sand production through well streams penetrating through the ESP internals. Remedial measures to minimize or eliminate the sand attack to the ESPs are discussed.
Recommended Solutions for ESP Installed in Very High Salinity Reservoirs and Severe Corrosive Media
Authors: Brahmi Hichem
Published: November 2016

An experience of ESP issues troubleshooting to overcome high corrosion media of GSA wells is presented. Likewise, actions taken to extend run life of pumps are explained. GSA is the unique company in Algeria adopted ESP system including all services, there was no chance to share experience with other entities in Country. Thus, it became necessary to try all available approaches during a journey of 10 years to mitigate ESP failures and eventually production downtime.

To overcome high salinity of >320 g/l, several actions were introduced in either ways, ESP equipment or well completion. Simple motors and protectors changed to tandem to prevent water penetration inside motor. Power cable was changed from Galvanized to Monel Armor for high corrosiveness. Completion wise, one or double 1/2" water dilution lines were adopted, run along tubing, connected to tail pipe which run to perforations. Modification in completion metallurgy took place also, when Carbon steel replaced by Super 13Cr instead. Supplementary actions taken at surface, pressure switch was connected with VSD to smoothly shutdown ESP for unforeseen SCSSV closures.

The adopted actions yielded considerable positive results. ESP failures originated from water penetration inside motor was reduced to 20%. Whereas, salt deposition blocs were almost prevented and resulted decrement in bullheading and coiled tubing interventions by 85%, except for some wells when salt bloc build-up is occasionally quicker and more important than water dilution rate. Running 1/2" injection line along with tail pipe led to less ESP shutdowns frequency. Changing the power cable type gave roughly good results as well. Once running Monel Armor, number of power cable failure related decreased and consequently contributed in reduction of whole failures. Saying that because power cable failure related represented 70% of ESP failures in 2015. Considering Super 13Cr instead of Carbon steel tubing gave positive indications and reduced sharply tubing integrity failure related. The problem still exists, however, with very low frequency. For surface equipment, all unforeseen SCSSV closure, actuated from control panel is always accompanied with gradual decrement of frequency and consequently smoother ESP shutdown.

As our organisation is the truly company that uses ESP with a proper sense in Algeria, This paper presents some best practices to be considered for other companies and ESP contractors based in the country or abroad that intend to both install ESP system in very high salinity and corrosive fields and adopt lease model for downhole Equipment.
1st Slim Line ESP Deployment in Side Track Slim 5 Inch Casing in Middle East
Authors: Abou-Houzifa Ossama Ahmed , Ismail Ahmed Abdalah
Published: November 2016

When we think optimization, technology does matter! To regain closed well and producing recoverable oil from the remaining reserve in the well, a re-entry approach is the solution. 5inch casing with nominal Drift ID 4.283inch and deviation of 30° provides limitation for the artificial lift techniques which shall fit the application and to be run, Real challenge is to apply ESP for such case

Applying technology innovative solution of 3.19inch ESP as the first slim line ESP in Middle East resolved the challenge

Complete ESP string first time installed in Egypt, consists of 3.19" (Motor, Protector, Advanced Gas Handler and Pumps) with flat power cable in the deviated 5" casing successfully run in hole with no operational difficulties and achieved target production

This method proves technical and economic benefits in comparison with drilling of new wells due to lower costs for drilling and ability of using the existing communication, collection and transportation system of oil and gas in the field. Also the contingency for losing the well while drilling when the drilling string get stacked, a side track will be the solution but due to the Diameter of side track wells do not allow operation of ESP systems with conventional diameter,

Currently we have this facility thanks to the new slim line ESP system introduced to the market for several series 3.19inch - 2.72inch and 2.17inch series
Deployment of a Multiphase Progressive Cavity Pump Coupled with a Submersible Permanent Magnet Motor
Authors: Al Ajeel Fatemah Abdullah , Bafakyh Ahamed Shabeel , Lehman Matthieu , Delaville Michel
Published: November 2016

The combination of two breakthrough patented technologies, namely the Hydraulically Regulated PCP (HRPCP) for High GOR Wells associated with the Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) technology used as an electrical submersible PCP had been successfully deployed in Middle East.

Combining the highest motor efficiency of the Permanent Magnet Motors with the most efficient ALS PCP, is virtually the most efficient existing ALS on the market to-date opening doors for larger scale deployment to improve recovery factor while lowering abandonment pressure and reducing premature failures.

The pilot has been installed in a highly deviated well deploying a submersible PMM coupled with a multiphase PCP featuring Hydraulic Regulators to handle high free gas at the pump intake. The absence of rods allows operating a PCP through high DLS while eliminating the rod drags against the tubing. Being a technology derived from PCP, the HRPCP enables to handle sand, solids and viscous oil as any other PCP, bringing in a single ALS the benefits of the ESP and PCP. Furthermore, the compact PMM allows going safely through high DLS and makes the submersible Permanent Magnet Motor PCP one of the highest efficient artificial lift system in terms of energy consumption.

This article highlights the technology features, the related benefits observed and the performance recorded on a heavy oil field in Middle East in cold production.
Prediction of Bubble Point Pressure Using Artificial Intelligence AI Techniques
Authors: Alakbari Fahd S. , Elkatatny Salaheldin , Baarimah Salem O.
Published: November 2016

It is very important to determine or predict the bubble point pressure (BPP) with high accuracy in petroleum industry. Laboratory measurement of the BPP requires collecting actual samples from the bottom of the wellbore and simulates the reservoir conditions at the lab. This operation takes long time and high cost. To overcome this issue, many empirical correlations were developed to predict the BPP with wide range of average percent error.

In this research, we will use artificial intelligent (AI) techniques to predict the bubble point pressure using published data (760 data sets). Two different AI techniques will be used, artificial neural network (ANN) (back propagation network (BPN) and radial basis functions networks (RBF)), and fuzzy logic tool (FL) to develop the model. The obtained results will be compared with the available correlations in the literature.

The results obtained showed that all AI models were able to predict the bubble point pressure with a high accuracy. The new fuzzy logic (FL) model outperforms all the artificial neural network models and the most common published empirical correlations. BPN, RBF and FL models provide predictions of bubble point pressure with correlation coefficient of 0.9926, 0.9969, and 0.9995, respectively.