bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Trash Removal System in Water Bodies Using Oil Skimmer
Authors: N Dr. Tamilselvan , S Jijithprasanth , Yadav Pankaj , Dhuniya Habib , Mahato Prabin
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Due to increase in populations, scenario of sanitation according to waste management treatment is degrading or deceasing tremendously. The river and ocean carry an enormous amount of garbage which creates unhygienic environment which highly affects the surroundings. The floating oils, dust and mass wastages on the river water surface will cause a serious problem to the environment which merely affects the future. Those detached wastes will not be submerged easily in water. So, these kinds of unsuspended objects will cut off the oxygen regulation in aquaculture medium so the oxygen deficiency occurs in the water surface which directly affects the marine life of animals and polluted the water. The idea that we proposed in this paper can be executed for both running and stagnant water in river. The major advantage of this paper is that the people of control station need not have to go to every nook and corner to clean wastes, instead can monitor from one point itself. After the oil skimmer machine laid on the surface of the water, the skimmer belt starts to revolve through motor set up and they suck all micro level wastes and dust particles like plastics, pins, etc in the water bodies. Oil skimmers are also used to remove oils that float on the surface of a liquid. Oil skimmers are essential one to remove oil from a liquid. In few scenarios, although, they may be used to pre – treat a fluid. In these cases, they eliminate as much of the oil as possible before expensive and time-consuming measures are implemented. The belt then proceeds through peculiar wiper blades, that eliminates the oil from both sides of the liquids Keywords: Trash removal, Marine life, Oil skimmer, Water Pollution, oxygen deficiency etc
Production of Agar-Agar and Sago Based Bioplastic: A Review
Authors: Patil Pratik Dilip
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Plastics made from petrochemicals have long been popular as packing materials because of their excellent barrier qualities, stiffness, tensile strength, and tear strength. Despite their widespread use, plastics have a number of drawbacks, including a poor water vapour transmission rate, non-biodegradability and other issues that contribute to environmental degradation. Newer options came forward regarding usage of the bio-plastics, while keeping in the mind pollution and harm caused to our environment. Bio-plastics are mainly produced from various biological resources such as, potatoes, potato peels, corn, sugarcane, wheat, rice, seaweed-based bioplastic with various agar-agar, seaweed, starch or cellulose based proportions as well as plasticizers and their significant impact on physical-properties, and the bioplastic characteristics. The process used in the production of bioplastics is also investigated. The use of single-use plastic as a replacement in food packaging and other uses is considered. Bioplastic made from seaweed is environmentally beneficial in nature because it degrades fully in soil. Agar-agar and sago-based bioplastics would have a greater chance of overcoming plastic pollution due to their superior mechanical qualities and shorter shelf life spam. Keywords: Bioplastic, Agar-Agar, Sago, Biodegradable, Petrochemical
To Study and Analyze Effects of Bracing in Design of Building
Authors: Sawarkar Samruddhi , Satone Prof. Dr. Swapneel
Published: April 2022

Abstract: High rise structure thanks to its exposure to varied gravity loads, lateral loads and therefore the exponential height of structure has become a costlier solution. The increasing cost of concrete structure and therefore the time interval of construction in concrete high rise structure has given chance to explore and research new technologies and new materials to form the structure more stable and economical. One among the solutions is to supply bracings to the member. There are many conveniences of the bracing systems in order that they're widely used. These are: Braced frames are accessible to all or any sorts of structures like bridges, aircrafts, and cranes. There’s no need of highly skilled laborers if the bolted connections are utilized and plus there's no deformation problem at the connection. The paper also includes the various sorts of braces which may be used appropriately and therefore the comparison between buildings with members without braces and buildings with braces.
Arduino Working Principle and It’s Use in Education
Authors: Kumar E. Santosh
Published: April 2022

Abstract: This paper is about the Arduino board's functioning theory and its applications in real-time applications and IoT technologies. The Arduino board is a development board that can be used to include most IoT sensors to achieve a real-time purpose. The key benefits of the Arduino board are its quick processing speed, user-friendly interface, and simple debugging mechanism. It is mostly used by students for project development, and it is a low-cost, highly dependable, and most economical technology. This paper provides an overview of the several types of Arduino boards available, as well as Arduino code and applications. Keywords: Arduino, Microcontroller, Hardware, Sensors, Applications
Augmented Reality Based Learning App for Children with Hearing Disorder
Authors: Kachare Omkar , Jadhav Nikhil , Kanojiya Sachin , Jadhav Sheetal
Published: April 2022

Abstract: The pandemic hits the world today has made teachers and parents to develop attractive learning media for young learners/students to keep them excited while learning from home. Android smartphone devices are currently widely used for interaction media between children’s and teachers during learning and teaching from home. From this Method, software developers developed learning media using Augmented Reality that can be easily accessed from Android smartphone for young students. This application focuses on creating learning media and structures based on Android using Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The AR application was made using Unity with Vuforia SDK which is A software development tool. It is used to track down an target image so that the AR objects can be displayed on the screen in augmented form. Vuforia SDK detects target image by comparing captured images with target image which are stored in the database. This application resulted threedimensional AR objects, two-dimensional AR objects which are ready to be used as learning media which are feasibly to evaluate student’s skills after learning through AR objects.
At-home aerobic exercise improves functional ability of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with limited exercise options
Authors: Harris Daniel
Published: April 2022

A clinical decision report using:

Neuberger GB, Aaronson LS, Gajewski B, et al. Predictors of exercise and effects of exercise on symptoms, function, aerobic fitness, and disease outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(6):943-952. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.22903

and its application for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.
Higher efficacy in the treatment of fibromyalgia with duloxetine and pregabalin combination than monotherapy
Authors: Rose-Kamprath Joel
Published: April 2022

A clinical decision report using:

Gilron I, Chaparro LE, Tu D, et al. Combination of pregabalin with duloxetine for fibromyalgia. Pain. 2016;157(7):1532–1540. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000558

for a patient with chronic pain due to fibromyalgia.
Heavy Metal Content of Water in Ikwu River (Umuahia, Nigeria): Pollution Indices and Health Risk Assessment Approach
Authors: Anyanwu Emeka Donald , Adetunji Onyinyechi Gladys , Nwoke Oluomachi Blessing
Published: April 2022

The heavy metal content of a local drinking water source in Southeast Nigeria was studied between January 2021 and June 2021 in 3 stations. Pollution indices (heavy metal pollution index and contamination index) and health risk assessment for non-carcinogenic were used to check the water’s suitability for human consumption. Eight heavy metals were assessed with standard methods and compared with The Nigerian Drinking Water Quality Standard. Some metals (Mn, Pb, Fe, Cd, and Cr) exceeded acceptable limits. The heavy metal pollution index exceeded the threshold value (100), ranging between 503.56 and 746.80. The contamination index ranged between 10.74 and 17.12 indicating high contamination potential and all the hazard indices exceeded unity (1). The heavy metal content, pollution indices, and health risk assessment has shown that the water from the Ikwu River was not fit for human consumption. The main metals that influenced the results were Mn, Pb, Fe, Cd, and Cr, because they exceeded limits while Cd and Cr were responsible for the observed adverse health risk. The children were more vulnerable. The geogenic influence was a major factor exacerbated by season and anthropogenic activities in the river.
Multi-Institute, Single Group, Prospective Observational Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Mucomyst® in Relieving Symptoms of Globus Pharyngeus Refractory to Proton Pump Inhibitor
Authors: Park Hannah , Park Il-Seok , Lee Sang Hyuk , Lee Seung-Won , Lee Sang Joon , Lee Byung-Joo , Cheon Yong-Il , Park Jun-Ook , Oh Kyoung Ho , Shin Yoo Seob
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives Globus pharyngeus is one of the most common symptoms of patients visiting otorhinolaryngology out-patient clinic, and usually long-lasting, difficult to treat, and frequently recurrent. Mucomyst®, N-acetyl cysteine is an inhalation agent mainly used for mucolysis and reducing inflammation in airway via antioxidative effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inhaled Mucomyst® treatment in patients with globus pharyngeus refractory to proton pump inhibitor (PPI).Materials and Method We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of Mucomyst® in relieving symptoms of globus pharyngeus refractory to PPI in nine medical centers. Three hundred and three patients enrolled and finally 229 patients finished the inhaled Mucomyst® therapy for 8 weeks. We analyzed the change of Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Reflux Finding Score (RFS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for globus, and Globus Pharyngeus Symptom Scale (GPS) after use of Mucomyst® for 4 and 8 weeks.Results The GPS, RSI, RFS, and VAS score significantly decreased serially in patients who finished 8 week-inhalation treatment. The GPS improvement gap was significantly correlated with initial GPS (p<0.001) in multiple regression analysis.Conclusion Inhaled Mucomyst® therapy was effective for the reduction of both subjective and objective findings in refractory globus patients. This study might suggest new treatment option for patients with globus. However, further thorough studies would be needed to assess the real effect of inhaled Mucomyst® treatment as a standard treatment for globus.
Co-Production of Knowledge as a Basis of Behavioural Change in Indonesian Sanitation Services: The Case of Sumberdawesari Village, Pasuruan Regency, East Java
Authors: Suyadnya I Wayan , Novenanto Anton , Tirtayani Luh Ayu
Published: April 2022

This study is focused on the change in new behaviour and routines on the issues of safe water and sanitation in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to explain the deconstruction of people's consciousness and societal knowledge on wastewater treatment plant (IPAL) facilities and the resulting behavioural change. By positioning programmes of safe water, sanitation, and the local value of healthy living as the “life projects”, this article attempts to re-examine the position of local communities in this project. Life projects are programmes that adhere to the local histories of communities in perceiving ‘development’. Life projects are premised on densely and uniquely woven 'threads' of landscapes, memory, expectations, and desire. In this regard, this article tries to disclose the participation of local communities in planning, managing and integrating local values and global visions of proper sanitation development programs in their villages. This study was a micro one conducted at Sumberdawesari village, in Pasuruan, East Java. Sumberdawesari is one of the IWINS-USAID’s pilot projects of the communal IPAL programme. This research utilizes the life history approach with the data collection techniques of observation, biography, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. The nature of this study focuses on the desire to share information about low-level experiences of local communities regarding the availability and the sustainable management of water and sanitation toward a healthy and self-reliance settlement. This research finds the increased awareness of the population in implementing sanitation development programs at the level of habitus, individual, household, community, and social structure through the dimensions of contextual, managerial and technical knowledge.
Emergence of spatially structured populations by area-concentrated search
Authors: Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Hovestadt Thomas
Published: April 2022

The idea that populations are spatially structured has become a very
powerful concept in ecology, raising interest in many research areas.
However, despite dispersal being a core component of the concept, it
typically does not consider the movement behavior underlying any
dispersal. Using individual-based simulations in continuous space, we
investigate the emergence of a spatially structured population in
landscapes with spatially heterogeneous resource distribution and with
organisms following simple area-concentrated search (ACS); individuals
do not, however, perceive or respond to any habitat attributes per se
but only to their foraging success. We investigated effects of different
resource clustering pattern in landscapes (single large cluster vs. many
small clusters) and different resource density on spatially structure of
populations and movement between resource clusters of individuals. As
results, we found that foraging success increased with increasing
resource density and decreasing number of resource clusters. In a wide
parameter space, the system exhibited attributes of a spatially
structured populations with individuals concentrated in areas of high
resource density, searching within areas of resources, and ‘dispersing’
in straight line between resource patches. ‘Emigration’ was more likely
from patches that were small or of low quality (low resource density),
but we observed an interaction effect between these two parameters. With
the ACS implemented, individuals tended to move deeper into a resource
cluster in scenarios with moderate resource density than in scenarios
with high resource density. ‘Looping’ from patches was more likely if
patches were large and of high quality. Our simulations demonstrate that
spatial structure in populations may emerge if critical resources are
heterogeneously distributed and if individuals follow simple movement
rules (such as ACS). Neither the perception of habitat nor an explicit
decision to emigrate from a patch on the side of acting individuals are
necessary for the emergence of spatial structure.
Laboratory data clustering in defining population cohorts: Case study on metabolic indicators
Authors: Pavicevic Ivan , Miljus Goran , Nedic Olgica
Published: April 2022

The knowledge on the general population health is important for creating public policies and organization of medical services. However, personal data are often limited, and mathematical models are employed to achieve a general overview. Cluster analysis was used in this study to assess general trends in population health based on laboratory data. Metabolic indicators were chosen to test the model and define population cohorts. Data on blood analysis of 33,049 persons, namely the concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides, were collected in a public health laboratory and used to define metabolic cohorts employing computational data clustering (CLARA method). The population was shown to be distributed in 3 clusters: persons with hypercholesterolemia with or without changes in the concentration of triglycerides or glucose, persons with reference or close to reference concentrations of all three analytes and persons with predominantly elevated all three parameters. Clustering of biochemical data, thus, is a useful statistical tool in defining population groups in respect to certain health aspect.
A More Positive View of Slavery: Establishing Servile Identity in the Christian Assemblies
Authors: NORDLING JOHN G.
Published: April 2022

Recent scholarship calls attention to violence, sexual exploitation, and other indignities experienced by slaves. For most slaves in the Christian assemblies, however, the abuses associated with slavery were not an issue, and so slavery functioned as the place where countless servile believers demonstrated their faith in Christ by serving the neighbor. Three subpoints support the basic position: (1) Paul called himself a slave repeatedly to form an identity with epistolary audiences, large portions of which were servile; (2) directives to slaves to endure suffering for doing good (1 Pet 2:18–21) were paradigmatic for all Christians, not just slaves; and (3) Jesus' death by crucifixion (servile supplicium = "the slaves' punishment") was presented as the common experience of every Christian, not just slaves. Since slaves were the ones for whom much parenesis was intended originally, the argument can be made that biblical slavery remains pertinent for its applicability to Christian vocation.
The Use (or Abuse) of Power in High Places: Gifts Given and Received in Isaiah, Psalm 68, and Ephesians 4:8
Authors: WILDER WILLIAM N.
Published: April 2022

Explanations for Paul's apparent misquotation of Ps 68:18 in Eph 4:8 abound. I contend that, reading Psalm 68 against an Isaianic backdrop, Paul believed the finale of that psalm (Ps 68:34–35; LXX 67:35–36) to give scriptural expression to the divine gifts of power and might that he saw operative among those who were united to Christ. In Eph 4:8, Paul then employs an adaptive paraphrase of Ps 68:18 (LXX 67:19) to sum up important aspects of the exaltation of Christ in terms drawn from the larger context of that psalm. This in turn evokes a larger Isaianic storyline in which the victory of God and his enthronement (as the Divine Warrior) are replicated in his Messiah and, ultimately, in those believers in whom his Spirit of counsel and might is at work.
Precision of low-dose CT-based micromotion analysis technique for the assessment of early acetabular cup migration compared with gold standard RSA: a prospective study of 30 patients up to 1 year
Authors: Angelomenos Vasileios , Mohaddes Maziar , Itayem Raed , Shareghi Bita
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose: Computed tomography micromotion analysis (CTMA) can be used to determine implant micro-movements using low-dose CT scans. By using CTMA, a non-invasive measurement of joint implant movement is enabled. We evaluated the precision of CTMA in measuring early cup migration. Standard marker-based radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was used as reference. We hypothesised that CTMA can be used as an alternative to RSA in assessing implant micromotions.Patients and methods: We included 30 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Acetabular cup migration at 1 year was measured with RSA and CTMA. To determine the precision of both methods, 20 double examinations (postoperatively) with repositioning of the patients were performed. The precision was calculated from zero by assuming that there was no motion of the prosthesis between the 2 examinations.Results: The precision of RSA ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 mm for translations and 0.21° to 0.63° for rotations. Corresponding values for CTMA were 0.06 to 0.13 mm and 0.23° to 0.35°. A good level of agreement was found between the methods regarding cup migration and rotation at 1 year.Interpretation: The precision of CTMA in measuring acetabular cup migration and rotation is comparable to marker-based RSA. CTMA could possibly thus be used as an alternative method to detect early implant migration.
Development of an ischemic fracture healing model in mice
Authors: Menger Maximilian M , Stutz Janine , Ehnert Sabrina , Nussler Andreas K , Rollmann Mika F , Herath Steven C , Braun Benedikt J , Pohlemann Tim , Menger Michael D , Histing Tina
Published: April 2022

Background and purpose: In fracture healing, ischemia caused by vascular injuries, chronic vascular diseases, and metabolic comorbidities is one of the major risk factors for delayed union and non-union formation. To gain novel insights into the molecular and cellular pathology of ischemic fracture healing, appropriate animal models are needed. Murine models are of particular interest, as they allow to study the molecular aspects of fracture healing due to the availability of both a large number of murine antibodies and gene-targeted animals. Thus, we present the development of an ischemic fracture healing model in mice.Material and methods: After inducing a mild ischemia by double ligature of the deep femoral artery in CD-1 mice, the ipsilateral femur was fractured by a 3-point bending device and stabilized by screw osteosynthesis. In control animals, the femur was fractured and stabilized without the induction of ischemia. The femora were analyzed at 2 and 5 weeks after fracture healing by means of radiology, biomechanics, histology, and histomorphometry.Results: The surgically induced ischemia delayed and impaired the process of fracture healing. This was indicated by a lower Goldberg score, decreased bending stiffness, and reduced bone callus formation in the ischemic animals when compared with the controls.Interpretation: We introduce a novel ischemic femoral fracture healing model in mice, which is characterized by delayed bone healing. In future, the use of this model may allow both the elucidation of the molecular aspects of ischemic fracture healing and the study of novel treatment strategies.
Cooling rate and dendrite spacing control in direct metal deposition printed Cu-Fe alloys
Authors: Sprague Ethan , Mazumder Jyoti , Misra Amit
Published: April 2022

Over the last several decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has been primarily used for rapid prototyping or to create novel geometries that would be difficult or impossible to create by normal manufacturing methods. More recently, research has been focused on expanding the list of materials that can be made through additive manufacturing, opening a greater range of material properties for this manufacturing method. Due to the unusual conditions during AM, including the high cooling rates and voxel by voxel method of production, AM parts often have anisotropic material microstructures and properties. In this investigation, the laser power, composition, and nozzle head speed during direct metal deposition of copper-iron alloys was varied to understand how the grain structure within the printed parts could be changed and controlled. The resulting dendrite spacing was measured and compared to calculated cooling rates from Gaussian beams on flat plates under similar material and laser properties, which resulted in a cooling rate to dendrite spacing relationship following an inverse square root, as is found in other dendritic systems [Young and Kerkwood, Metall. Trans. A 6, 197–205 (1975)]. Thus, it is demonstrated that in the Cu-Fe system, dendrite spacing can be controlled through manipulation of printing parameters.
MULTIPLE CITIZENSHIP IN UKRAINE: WILL WE OPEN THE “PANDORA’S BOX”?
Authors: Shliakhtun Petro , Kolyukh Valeriy
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to study the constitutional experience of foreign states (Republics of the former USSR, which became independent states) in resolving the issue of dual citizenship. The legislation of Ukraine on citizenship and its changes during the years of independence is analyzed. The draft law “About making changes to the Law of Ukraine ”About citizenship of Ukraine“ about the bases and order of acquisition and termination of citizenship of Ukraine”, registered in the Parliament of Ukraine on December 2, 2021, under No. 6368, on the subject of the introduction of dual citizenship in Ukraine, introduced by the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky to the Supreme Rada of Ukraine is analyzed. The reasons and possible negative consequences of the introduction of dual citizenship in Ukraine are clarified. The conclusion about the inexpediency of the introduction of dual citizenship in Ukraine is made.
APPLICATION OF PSYCHOHYGIENIC MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE LEARNING CONDITIONS
Authors: Holovkova Tetiana , Onul Nataliа
Published: April 2022

One of the most important conditions for successful student learning and mastering professional competencies is the socio-cultural environment that is developed in the student collective body. The article deals with the current problem of interaction and mutual understanding in the student environment of a higher medical school. The purpose of the study is to determine the indicators of team building and assessment of the psychological microclimate in student academic groups to develop measures to optimize the conditions of their learning. Studies of interpersonal relationships have been provided in academic groups among medical students of Dnipro State Medical University, using a sociometric method (anonymous surveys of students). The results allowed identifying the degree of sociability in groups according to the level of personal compatibility, true leaders, the number of conflicts in groups, their characteristics etc. The analysis of the obtained data not only testifies to the most favourable degree of interpersonal compatibility in student groups, but also presents a range of some interpersonalrelation problems. It necessitates the development and implementation of measures to form a preventive educational space as a prerequisite for effective professional training. An important component of the results is the definition of the psychological “portrait” of the student in the microenvironment, which allows predicting his personal potential for further consideration in professional selection in future educational, social and scientific activities.
FEATURES OF REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH MISCARRIAGES
Authors: Sharhorodska Yevheniya , Melenchuk Lidiіа
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to analyse the reproductive function of women with miscarriages among the population of Lviv region. The data of the results of medical and genetic counseling of 120 women with miscarriages who visited the medical and genetic center and the “Institute of Hereditary Pathology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” were analyzed. The obtained indicators were compared with similar parameters of the control group: 80 healthy women who asked for family planning consultation. A group of women with miscarriage was formed to study the features of menstrual function, somatic, reproductive and gynecological history in comparison with similar indicators in healthy women. It was found that the majority of women (47 (39.2%) with miscarriages were aged 31–15 years and 74 (61.6%) of women by social status were employees. 52 (48.0%) women of the main group had the onset of menarche significantly later – after 15 years old, in 25 (20.8%) of them the duration of the menstrual cycle was 28–85 days and in 11 (9.1%) – 35–55 days (p < 0.05). Women with miscarriages were significantly more likely to have a complicated somatic history and these are 86 (71.7%), mainly due to pathology of the cardiovascular system – 27 (22.5%), against 43 (53.75%) and 9 (11, 2%) (p <0.05), respectively. All of them 120 (100.0%) had significantly more frequent complications of reproductive and gynecological history due to miscarriages and stillbirths. In the control group this figure was 11 (13.7%) and 19 (23.8%) respectively (p<0.05).
DETERMINING APPROPRIATE COST RELATIONS BETWEEN THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TYPES OF SPECIALISTS’ PREPARATION IN AUTOMATED TRAINING SYSTEMS DUE TO AVAILABLE RESOURCES
Authors: BAGRETSOV SERGEY A. , SHARAPOV ILYA O. , EPANISHNIKOV NIKOLAI M. , KOSTIUK ANATOLII V. , ZYRIN SERGEY A.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the allocation of time resources for operators' individual training (taking into account their individual characteristics) in order to enhance efficiency of their group activities while operating complex technical systems (CTS). The task of the study is to develop an optimal variant for allocating resources for training an operator in the management group. The authors provide calculations showing the solution of the process optimization problem and demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach taken that allows increasing the efficiency of the whole system. It is also noted that the implementation of such a solution is possible at any work stage of the system.
RANCANG BANGUN PERALATAN THREE STAGES CHARGING BATERAI MENGGUNAKAN BUCK BOOST CONVERTER DENGAN SEL SURYA BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ARDUINO
Authors: Budiarto Budiarto , Soedjarwanto Noer , Setyawan F.X. Arinto , Huda Zulmiftah
Published: April 2022

Buck boost converter sebuah sistem untuk pengecasan baterai menggunakan tenaga surya dengan menggunakan metode three stages charging. Tujuannya agar nilai keluaran tegangan dari sistem tersebut dapat diatur dengan buck boost converter sesuai dengan metode yang digunakan yaitu three stages charging. Metode three stages charging terdiri dari tahapan yaitu Constant Current Charging, Constant Voltage Charging dan Float Charging. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu Tegangan keluaran buck boost converter sangat dipengaruhi oleh besarnya nilai duty cycle yang diberikan. Dengan stage 1 tegangan diatur sebesar 12,5 V stage 2 tegangan sbesar 14 V, dan stage 3 dengan tegangan 13,5 V. Hasil arus pengecasan penggunaan metode three stages charging pada stage 1 4A dan stage 3 arus mendekati 0A
Dialogue Table. A Hybrid Method of ActiveArt and Citizenship
Authors:   Research Development and Innovation Department, “I.L. Caragiale” National University of Theatre and Film, Bucharest, Romania. Email: maria.draghici@unatc.ro., Drăghici Maria
Published: April 2022

"In the absence of a methodology or of an inherited practice, be it directly – from the local artistic environment, or indirectly – through written sources and scholarly literature (Artificial Hells by Claire Bishop was released around 2012) – the experience and practice of social art were the result of the encounter of a more or less fragmentary familiarity with art history and lived experience, at the beginning of 2006 within the Rahova-Uranus community art project. The attitude which had not yet become common currency in the local cultural context of those years was one opposed to the art institution(s), which occupied a too markedly elitist and exclusive zone and were insulated from society. It was our desire to identify the various vulnerable social categories which were subjected to a policy of exclusion, rather than to one based on communication, that would bring communities in dialogue. We had to create our own method of working together, the community, the artists and the local authority, in a space of learning from each other skills and experiences which will inform a local practice for a cultural public policy and its servants. The theoretical landmarks originating in the history of art were, alongside direct experience, points of reference and support which could suggest a new practice of embracing cultural competency, professional training and development in public service for the common good focused on this paradox of mediation at the centre of modern political life. Keywords: communitarian, ActiveArt, co-authorship, Dialogue Table, action research, radical pedagogy, participatory democracy. "
Saving the Mask
Authors:   Faculty of Theater and Film, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Email: mihai.odangiu@ubbcluj.ro., Odangiu Filip
Published: April 2022

"The Article defends the actor’s mask training from the reformist trends that consider the mask study to be no longer necessary or topical. The author identifies one of the causes of this attitude in the purpose of higher education in Europe that has changed in the recent years. Students are unfortunately encouraged to have employment-focused consumer behaviours, therefore are more concerned with the results than with the process of learning and personal development. Specifically, the question arises whether academic studies, theatre, in this case, are intended only for the training of future employees or, without excluding, of course, this goal, they are rather ways to model behaviours, to (in)-form the spirit, to educate critical thinking and, last but not least, to endow students with an ethos that will allow them to be, as future theatre artists, spokesmen of free expression, the “mirror of the times”? The study continues with a brief exposition of the principles, themes and benefits of mask training. In the final part, the author presents the results of a mini-survey among graduates of the Cluj theatre school, questioned about the role of mask studies in their professional careers. Keywords: reforms, theatrical studies, mask, actor, commedia dell’arte, Cluj "
Produkcyjność zbiorowisk trawiastych użytkowanych kośnie i pastwiskowo na trwałych i przemiennych użytkach zielonych
Authors: Harasim Józefa
Published: April 2022

The objective of the study was to determine the yields and forage value of permanent grasslands – meadow and pasture – and of grass  leys– used either as hay or for grazing. Fivecomponent mixtures with meadow fescue (40%), perennial ryegrass (30%), timothy, cocksfoot, kentucky bluegrass (10% each) that differed for the purpose of their component varieties – either for hay or for grazing were sown in 1998 as ley. In their full production years (1999–2002) they were compared for yield and crop quality with permanent grasslands – a meadow and a pasture. Four harvests of the sward were made each year. The pasture mixture and the permanent pasture were grazed by dairy cattle. An area destined for grazing was 450 m2. The yield was measured based on test cuts into an area of 22.5 m2. Sward density, dry matter yield and nutritional value of the forage as well as utilization of the pasture by dairy cows were determined in the study. Weather conditions in the study period were characterized by highly variable rainfall and air temperature. Sward density was found to vary with kind of grassland, permanent pasture was characterized by higher density than the pasture ley. The yield and crop quality of the hay mixture was comparable to the output of the permanent grassland, whereas the permanent grassland gave better yields then the pasture mixture ley. Likewise, the indigestion of the forage by dairy cows from the permanent grassland was better.  Permanent grasslands, especially the pasture, were assessed to be more reliable sources of forage, especially during variable weather conditions, than more vulnerable leys.
Wykorzystanie chlorofilu do oceny pobrania i strawności składników pokarmowych na pastwisku
Authors: Lipiec Antoni , Skałecka Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

Two experiments involving 8 adult ewes were carried out. In experiment No. 1 the sheep were fed  exclusively on the pasture, whereas in the second experiment  the green forage was supplied to sheep individually in feeding racks, to compare the roughage intake values to the results obtained using markers-based evaluation. In the studies, the double indicator method was applied, using the following markers: internal – chlorophyll and external – chromium oxide (Cr2O3). To evaluate potential changes of chlorophyll concentration in the samples, it was established three times: directly after sample collection, in the sample chilled to 0–4 centigrade  and in the frozen sample. The average amount of dry matter consumed by all the sheep, established by weighing  did not differ significantly from the amount assessed on the basis of chlorophyll A. The differences between  the dry matter consumption related to 1 kg of BW0,75 in the experiments No. 1 and No. 2 resulted from the experimental animals weight gain during the studies. The sensitivity of chlorophyll A as a marker helpful for nutrients digestibility  trials was also satisfactory. It stems from directional changes of digestibility coefficients, related to changes in the chemical composition of examined pasture roughage.
Dynamika rozwoju Festulolium braunii na tle zróżnicowanych warunków glebowych
Authors: Lipińska Halina , Kulik Mariusz
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the initial development of Festulolium brauni on mineral and organic soils and sown in a pure sowing and in mixtures with Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Festuca pratensis and Lolium perenne. Studies were carried out in 2002–2003 on the basis of pot experiments. After prepering mediums the, Festulolium seeds were sown in pure sowing as well as in mixtures. Festulolium braunii emergence, dynamics of the growth, tillering intensity and dry matter yields were evaluated in the experiments. The dynamics of Festulolium development varied depending on a species included into a mixture.  The significant highest emergence on both soils studied was recorded in the objects with monocultures, whereas the poorest in the mixture with F. pratensis and Ph. pratense on the organic substrate as well as with P. pratensis and Ph. pretense on the mineral. The investigations showed the highest yielding of the monotypic mixtures and pointed to the fact that Festulolium crop yield was limited in the greatest part by F. pratensis on organic soil, while by L. perenne on mineral one. The initial development of Festulolium in the studies performed was differentiated, depending on a substrate type, too.
Dynamika plonowania łąki podgórskiej w zależności od rodzaju nawożenia
Authors: Kasperczyk Mirosław , Kacorzyk Piotr
Published: April 2022

The investigations were conducted in the years of 1997–2004 on the permanent meadow of Holcus lanatus with Arrhenatherum elatius type in the piedmont region. The assessment involved fertilization strength of manure with regard to mineral fertilizers. Botanical composition of the sward, dry matter yields as well as total nitrogen content were subject to the estimation. Mineral components provided with the manure dose of 12.5 t ha-1 were characterized with the highest yielding action. In this case the growth of dry matter yield and the total nitrogen content per 1 kg of PKN was higher than for mineral fertilization by 30 and 14%, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of manure in a dose of 25 t ha-1 per 1 kg PKN was on average 12% lower  than the effect of mineral fertilization. Two groups of years were distinguished on the basis of the meadow yielding dynamics. The first group involved dryer years characterised by lower values of dry matter yields as well as total protein level by 19–29% and 10–35% (respectively) in comparison to the years favourable for grass growth. Lack of sufficient moisture had the most negative effect on the sward fertilized with manure, especially where the higher dose of it was used.
Analiza plonowania i zmian składu botanicznego runi łąkowej pod wpływem dokarmiania azotem dolistnie i doglebowo
Authors: Jankowska-Huflejt Halina
Published: April 2022

The aim of the conducted study was a comparison of the influence of foliar and soil fertilisation with urea on botanical changes of meadow sward. During the years 2001–2004 the study on 3-cut permanent meadow on mineral-boggy soil and on organic soil was conducted. The experiment established in randomized blocks design in four replications comprised 7 fertilisation treatments: 1. „0”, 2. PK, 3. PKN, 4. PKN + urea to soil, 5. PKN + foliar urea, 6. PKN + urea to soil + MgSO4, 7. PKN + urea foliar + MgSO4. Every year the following were applied: P2O5 – 60 kg/ha, K2O – 120 kg/ha, N – 70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate (as stable background for all combinations apart from „0” and PK) and 60 kg/ha urea (3 x 20 kg/ha), MgSO4 - 9 kg/ha (3 x 3 kg/ha). Botanical composition of sward in I cut was evaluated by botanical-weight method. On both objects Alopecurus pratense and Poa pratensis L. dominated. The range of botanical composition changes of sward on mineral soil was small: participation of grasses decreased by 0–8%, instead on organic soil up to 40% on control (0) and by 25% on treatment 2. The space on mineral soil was replaced mainly by Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg., and on organic soil largely Ranunculus repens L., Taraxacum officinale F.H.Wigg. and Lychnis flos-cuculi L. The development of valuable grasses was stimulated more by urea applied to leaves than to soil.
Ocena wartości żywieniowej sianokiszonek z łąk bagiennych
Authors: Żurek Helena , Wróbel Barbara , Zastawny Jan
Published: April 2022

During the years 2002–2003 a study on evaluation of nutritive value of silage from bog meadows was carried out. Ensilaged plants were harvested from two bog meadows situated in and near the area of the Biebrza National Park. It was a vegetation of Calthion alliance consisting in 70 % of low sedges (meadow I) and a vegetation of Magnocaricion alliance from flooded meadow composed in 80 % of sedges, mostly Carex gracilis (meadow II). Half of the ensilaged material was inoculated with Polmazym (1 l/t of herbage). For a comparison the herbage from the cultivated meadow composed in 80% of grasses and in 20% of herbs and weeds was ensilaged. At the same time the herbage from the same bog meadows was dried for hay. The nutritive value and quality of produced feeds was determined. The quality of silage prepared from bog meadow herbage varied between years. In 2002 the quality of all silages was very good. No butyric acid was found and the content of lactic acid in FM of sedge silage prepared both with and without Polmazym, was similar to that in silage, made from cultivated meadow sward. In 2003 the quality of some bales was low. The butyric acid and greater quantities of acetic acid, especially in silage made without the Polmazym addition, were stated. Silage prepared from bog meadows vegetation contained significantly more crude protein than hay prepared from the same type of vegetation. Also, the content of crude fat and phosphorus was higher and of crude fibre lower. The nutritive value of feeds was significantly improved by ensilage process. The silage made with addition of Polmazym had a higher nutritive value than control silage (without additives). In both years of study they had a higher content of phosphorus and crude protein in the first year of investigation. Phosphorus content both in the hay and in bog meadow silage was significantly smaller than in the silage from the cultivated meadow.
Theoretical Prediction of Mechanical Properties of BxAl1−xSb Ternary Semiconducting Alloys
Authors: Mezouar R. , Bioud N. , Rekab-Djabri H. , Beloufa N. , Rouabah Z.
Published: April 2022

The present work aims to predict the elastic constants and other significant properties of ordered BxAl1-xSb (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) ternary semiconducting alloys. We report the initial results of the elastic stiffness constants, the bulk modulus, the aggregate shear modulus, the Cauchy ratio, the aggregate Young’s modulus, the Born ratio, the isotropy factor, the fracture toughness and the longitudinal, transverse and average sound velocities. The Debye temperature and the melting point were also predicted using two different empirical expressions. Except the Cauchy ratio, which decreases with enhancing boron content x, all other physical quantities of BxAl1-xSb alloys increase gradually and monotonically with increasing of boron concentration x in the range 0-1.

Our obtained data for BSb and AlSb binary semiconducting compounds are discussed and analyzed in comparison with experimental and other theoretical values of the literature. Generally, our data for BSb and AlSb are in good agreement with other results reported previously in literature. Indeed, our obtained value (335.82 K) of the Debye temperature for AlSb compound overestimates the result (328.6 K) reported by Salehi et al. by around 2.03%, while that (1520 K) of the melting point for BSb overestimates the result (1500 K) reported recently by Bioud et al. by around 1.34%. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no theoretical or experimental data were reported in the literature on the elastic constants and other properties for BxAl1-xSb alloys to compare with them.
The Importance of Posture And Body Composition for the Stability and Selected Motor Abilities of Professional Handball Players
Authors: Wilczyński Jacek , Cieślik Monika , Maszczyk Adam , Zwierzchowska Anna
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to analyze body composition, body posture and postural stability of professional male handball players and to determine the differences between players with correct and incorrect body posture, considering power of the lower limbs and agility, speed, and change of direction deficit. The study comprised 16 professional handball players. Body composition analysis was performed using the method of electrical bioimpedance. Body posture was examined using the Diers formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Postural stability was tested via the Biodex Balance System. Players performed the following fitness tests assessing lower limb muscle power (LP, HS, CMJ), linear speed (SLS 20 m), and COD speed (Zig-Zag test, COD deficit). Only 31.25% of players demonstrated body posture with correct physiological curvatures, while 68.75% showed changes in body asymmetry. The group with correct body posture performed better in SLS 20m than the group with incorrect posture, yet in the Zig-Zag agility test, the difference in the results was not significant and this affected the COD deficit, which was higher. The vast majority of participants demonstrated postural defects and incorrect physiological curvatures of the spine. The occurrence of scoliotic posture was also observed. The body deflection angles indicated that athletes’ postural stability was good. However, it is worth noting that the majority demonstrated a tendency towards asymmetrical body deflections to the right or to the left, backwards direction. One-sided sports specialization leads to disturbances in the statics of the body, therefore, it becomes necessary to include postural re-education exercises in training.
Inter-Limb Muscle Property Differences in Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Colomar Joshua , Corbi Francisco , Baiget Ernest
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study was to investigate side-to-side differences and asymmetries regarding muscle characteristics in young tennis players. Thirty-four participants performed contractile property measurements (stiffness, tone, elasticity and time to relaxation) on the dominant and non-dominant extremities including nine muscle groups involved in the kinetic chain of main tennis strokes. Significant differences (p≤0.05) and small-to-moderate effect sizes for greater stiffness and tone were found for the dominant biceps femoris (-11.1% and -5.6%; ES=0.53 and 0.54) and the non-dominant vastus medialis (5.4% and 3.2%; ES=-0.33 and -0.41), while greater tone was present in the non-dominant pectoralis major (4.0%; ES=-0.56). Time to relaxation was increased in the dominant biceps femoris (10.3%; ES=-0.58), the non-dominant pectoralis major (5.1%; ES=-0.56) and the gastrocnemius (9.1%; ES=-0.5). The non-dominant infraspinatus and dominant rectus abdominis showed greater elasticity than contralateral muscles (9.9% and -8.0%; ES=-0.58 and 0.6, respectively). These results reflect the existence of small-to-moderate differences when comparing side-to-side values of contractile characteristics in a small amount of the muscle groups tested. However, passive measurements of a relaxed muscle do not seem to fully reflect possible adaptation and changes derived from gameplay in young tennis players.