bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Load-velocity Relationship of the Bench Press Exercise is not
Affected by Breast Cancer Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Franco-López Francisco , Pérez-Caballero Carlos , Buendía-Romero Ángel , Borrego Eduardo R. , Martínez-Cava Alejandro , Pallarés Jesús G. , Hernández-Belmonte Alejandro
Published: November 2023

We examined the effect of breast cancer surgery and adjuvant therapy on the
relationship between bar velocity and relative intensity (load-velocity [L-V]
relationship) of the bench press (BP) exercise. Twenty-two breast cancer
survivors (age: 48.0±8.2 yr., relative strength:
0.40±0.08) completed a loading test up to the one-repetition maximum
(1RM) in the BP using a lightweight carbon bar. General and individual
relationships between relative intensity (%1RM) and mean propulsive
velocity (MPV) were studied. Furthermore, the mean test velocity
(MPVTest) and velocity attained to the 1RM (MPV1RM)
were analyzed. These procedures and analyses were also conducted in 22 healthy
women (age: 47.8±7.1 yr., relative strength: 0.41±0.09)
to examine the differences in velocity parameters derived from these L-V
relationships. Polynomial regressions showed very close relationships
(R2≥0.965) and reduced estimation errors
(≤4.9% 1RM) for both groups. Between-group differences in MPV
attained to each %1RM were small
(≤0.01 m·s−1) and not significant
(p≥0.685). Similarly, the MPVTest
(0.59±0.06 m·s−1) and
MPV1RM
(0.17±0.03 m·s−1) were identical
for breast cancer survivors and healthy women. These results suggest that
practitioners could use the same velocity parameters derived from the BP L-V
relationship to prescribe this exercise in middle-aged women, regardless of
whether they have suffered from breast cancer.
Enantioselective (3+2)-Annulation of β-Keto Esters with Azoalkenes towards Bicyclic Dihydropyrroles via Cooperative Palladium and Brønsted Acid Catalysis
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Friedmann Till , Mireles-Chávez Daniel A. , Walter Frederik L.
Published: November 2023

A cooperative catalytic process through palladium and Brønsted acid activation is developed for the conjugate addition of cyclic β-keto esters to azoalkenes directly followed by hemiaminal formation upon cyclization. This transformation is enabled by utilizing chiral Pd-aqua complexes as combined Brønsted acid–base catalysts. Thus, bicyclic and highly functionalized dihydropyrroles with two contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers are formed in excellent yields as single diastereomers and with exceptional enantioselectivity.
A Fluorescent Probe for C24 Fatty Acids to Report the Deep Interior of Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Umegawa Yuichi , Murata Michio , Fukunaga Shiho , Yasuda Tomokazu
Published: November 2023

To investigate the interdigitation and the resulting fluctuation of lipid chains in the deep part of biomembranes, we aimed to develop a new fluorescent probe based on the well-known trans-parinaric acid (t-PA), but with a tetraene near the end of the C24 chain. The probe, tetracosa-16,18,20,22-tetraenoic acid (TCTEA), synthesized mainly by means of reported strategies, was found to better reflect the behavior of lipids in the deeper interior of bilayers than did t-PA. TCTEA could serve as a useful probe for studying the plasma-membrane dynamics of very-long-chain fatty acids, which have recently elicited significant attention in relation to necroptosis.
Recent advances and future outlook in mode-locked lasers with multimode fibers
Authors: Fu Bo , Shang Ce , Liu Hengyu , Fan Shuzheng , Zhao Kangjun , Zhang Yule , Wageh Swelm , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Wang Xiaogang , Xu Lijun , Xiao Xiaosheng , Zhang Han
Published: November 2023

Multimode fibers (MMFs) have attracted interest because of their larger mode area and additional spatial degrees of freedom compared with single-mode fibers. Recently, MMFs have been introduced into mode-locked lasers for new cavity structures with better laser performance. Among these lasers, there are two remarkable cases in which MMFs are the key components for mode-locking: One is using a short segment of the MMF as a saturable absorber (SA), which has the advantages of high damage threshold, wide operating bandwidth, and low cost. The other is the construction of multimode cavities with MMFs. Spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML), a general form of mode-locking, can be achieved in such cavities. Herein, we review these two types of mode-locked lasers with MMFs. The principles of MMF-based SA and STML are described based on the common theory of multimode nonlinear fiber optics. Subsequently, we present a detailed overview of the recent progress regarding these lasers, including lasers mode-locked by MMF-based SAs at the 1-, 1.5-, and 2-μm bands, as well as spatiotemporal mode-locked MMF lasers. A perspective for the development of mode-locked lasers with MMFs is also provided.
Nonstationary laser-supported ionization wave in layer of porous substance with subcritical density
Authors: Gus’kov S. Yu , Yakhin R. A.
Published: November 2023

A time-dependent analytical solution is found for the velocity of a plane ionization wave generated under nanosecond laser pulse action on the surface of a flat layer of low-Z porous substance with density less than the critical density of the produced plasma. With corrections for the two-dimensional nature of the problem when a laser beam of finite radius interacts with a flat target, this solution is in quantitative agreement with measurements of ionization wave velocity in various experiments. The solution compared with experimental data covering wide ranges of performance conditions, namely, (3–8) × 1014 W cm−2 for laser pulse intensity, 0.3–3 ns for pulse duration, 0.35–0.53 μm for laser wavelength, 100–1000 μm for laser beam radius, 380–950 μm for layer thickness, 4.5–12 mg cm−3 for average density of porous substance, and 1–25 μm for average pore size. The parameters of the laser beam that ensure the generation of a plane ionization wave in a layer of subcritical porous matter are determined for the problem statements and are found to meet the requirements of practical applications.
Modular all-day continuous thermal-driven atmospheric water harvester with rotating adsorption strategy
Authors: Shao Zhao , Wang Zhi-Shuo , Lv Haotian , Tang Yu-Cheng , Wang Hongbin , Du Shuai , Sun Ruikun , Feng Xi , Poredoš Primož , Zhou Dong-Dong , Zhang Jie-Peng , Wang Ruzhu
Published: November 2023

Growing atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology is expected to provide a new solution to global water scarcity. However, the operating strategy of most existing devices is based on solar energy to adsorb at night and desorb during the day. The failure to operate multiple cycles results in the waste of fast sorption kinetics properties and increases both the required weight of adsorbents and the operating costs for the water production. Hence, by virtue of the fast sorption kinetics characteristics of Ni2Cl2(BTDD) with high water harvest performance, we developed a novel rotating operational strategy, in which one module works in the desorption, while the others work in the adsorption simultaneously and the adsorption/desorption states will alternate to keep the device harvesting water continuously. Notably, a continuous thermal-driven optimized device with three adsorbent modules was built, which can condense water vapor by simple natural convection without any auxiliary refrigeration system, generating 2.11 Lwater kgMOF−1 day−1 by 12 continuous harvest processes during the outdoor experiments, much higher than those of active AWH device with refrigeration system (0.7–1.3 Lwater kgMOF−1 d−1). Moreover, the proposed device can efficiently use electric heating or low-grade energy (e.g., waste heat) with natural cooling to achieve continuous operation, which can collect considerable water (1.41/0.70 Lwater kgMOF−1) at night/daytime.
Boosting domain wall velocity and stability in ferrimagnetic GdFe nanowires by applying laser-annealing process
Authors: Mohammadi Mojtaba , Sumi Satoshi , Tanabe Kenji , Awano Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

This study highlights the significant achievement of enhancing domain wall (DW) velocity through the laser-annealing (LA) process in GdxFe100−x films, with a specific focus on the Gd26Fe74 composition. By investigating the current-induced DW motion, it was observed that the LA process on the edges and middle of the nanowires resulted in a remarkable improvement in DW velocity from around 600 m/s for non-laser-annealed to 1800 m/s for laser-annealed conditions. Furthermore, we conducted additional experiments to explore the stability and dynamics of a system involving DWs in a single wire. The experimental results revealed a stable and uniform movement of the DWs, as evidenced by a velocity of approximately 1800 m/s, even after the application of 20 pulses with a short pulse width of 1 ns. The resulting stability of the DW motion across a wide range of applied currents demonstrates the practical significance of the LA in achieving high-performance racetrack memories. Our findings suggest that the LA process has a similar effect on both the middle and edge treatments of the wire. This indicates that structural defects on the wire's edges are not the main cause of the observed low velocity or curvy shape of DWs. One possible mechanism for this effect is the reduction of the Ku value through the LA process. This study establishes a ground-breaking advancement by showcasing the effectiveness of the LA in enhancing DW motion velocity in GdFe ferrimagnetic thin films, thereby opening avenues for future research and industrial applications in this field.
Effect of flow shear on the onset of dynamos
Authors: Biswas Shishir , Ganesh Rajaraman
Published: November 2023

Understanding the origin and structure of mean magnetic fields in astrophysical conditions is a major challenge. Shear flows often coexist in such astrophysical conditions, and the role of flow shear on the dynamo mechanism is of great interest. Here, we present a direct numerical simulation study of the effect of flow shear on dynamo instability for EPI2D flows [Yoshida et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 244501 (2017)] with controllable mirror symmetry (i.e., fluid helicity). Our numerical observations suggest that for helical base flows, the effect of shear is to reduce the small-scale dynamo (SSD) growth rate moderately. For non-helical base flows, flow shear has the opposite effect of amplifying the SSD action. The magnetic energy growth rate (γ) for non-helical base flows has been found to follow an algebraic nature of the form, γ=−aS+bS23, where a,b>0 are real constants, S is the shear flow strength, and γ is found to be independent of the scale of flow shear. Studies with different shear profiles and shear scale lengths for non-helical base flows have been performed to test the universality of our finding.
Inflow-velocity and rotational effects on revolving and translating wings
Authors: Paulson James H. , Jardin Thierry , Buchholz James H. J.
Published: November 2023

An aspect ratio 9.5 rectangular wing is articulated in revolving and translating motions at a 45° angle of incidence and Reynolds number Re=O(300). The effects of rotational (Coriolis and centripetal) accelerations and relative inflow velocity profile on vorticity transport within the leading-edge vortex (LEV) system are independently investigated. For the range of displacements studied (180° rotation and corresponding translational displacement), a stably attached leading-edge vortex (LEV) is observed when rotational accelerations and/or a linearly varying inflow velocity profile is present; however, the inflow velocity profile has a stronger effect on stability of the LEV. LEV vorticity magnitude and lift are significantly augmented when both factors are included (i.e., the full revolving wing case). Vorticity transport analyses are conducted in a planar control region two chords from the axis of rotation, where LEV stability is typically observed on revolving wings at high incidence and at an equivalent spanwise position in the translating case. The fully revolving wing case exhibits a substantially larger leading-edge shear-layer vorticity flux than the other cases, whereas Coriolis tilting makes little contribution to regulation of LEV strength. A correlation is found between the spanwise convective flux and tilting flux contributions in all cases. Decomposition of the spanwise convective flux term demonstrates that the two phenomena are kinematically linked and, together, define a new out-of-plane convective flux term that captures the essence of the spanwise convective flux. The role of this term and the effect of rotational accelerations on it are examined.
Effects of ammonia and oxygen plasma treatment on interface traps in AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors
Authors: Xu Shuqian , Zhou Yu , Zhang Xinkun , Li Qian , Liu Jianxun , Qie Haoran , Wang Qingru , Zhan Xiaoning , Sun Xiujian , Dai Quan , Yan Gongzheng , Sun Qian , Yang Hui
Published: November 2023

A HfO2/Al2O3/AlN stack deposited in a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition system is used as the gate dielectric for GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor structures. Prior to the deposition, in situ remote plasma pretreatments (RPPs) with O2, NH3, and NH3–O2 (in sequence) were carried out. Frequency-dependent capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements reveal that for all the RPP-treated samples, the interface trap density Dit was significantly reduced compared to the sample without RPP. In particular, the NH3-treated sample exhibits an extremely low Dit of ∼1011 cm−2·eV−1 from EC − 0.31 eV to EC − 0.46 eV. To characterize the interface traps at deeper levels, the transfer pulsed I–V measurement was employed further. In the energy range of EC − ET > 0.54 eV, the interface trap charge density Qit of various samples demonstrates the following order: NH3 RPP < NH3–O2 RPP < O2 RPP < without RPP. By adjusting multiple pulse widths, the Dit derived from the Qit result matches the C–V measurement precisely. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the Ga 3d core-level indicates that NH3 RPP facilitates the conversion of Ga2O into GaN at high RF power of 2500 W, whereas O2 RPP mainly oxidizes GaN to relatively stable Ga2O3. Combined with the C–V and pulsed I–V measurements, it is confirmed that a strong positive correlation exists between Ga2O and the interface traps, rather than Ga2O3.
Effects of operational parameters on plasma characteristics and liquid treatment of a DBD-based unipolar microsecond-pulsed helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Seong Min Jeong , Ha Yun Jeong , Park Gun Hyeon , Kim Sun Ja , Joh Hea Min , Chung T. H.
Published: November 2023

A dielectric-barrier-discharge-based square unipolar microsecond-pulsed helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was characterized by combining a simplified equivalent circuit model with a transferred charge (Q) measured by introducing an additional capacitance in series with the reactor. From Q-V plots, Cd and Ccell for DBD reactors under pulsed excitation were determined. Q-V plots were drawn for varying operational parameters, and the dissipated energy per cycle was evaluated. Operational parameters, such as the gas flow rate and pulse frequency, were varied, and the resulting changes in the plasma plume length, gas temperature, excitation temperature, discharge current, dissipated power, and optical emission spectra were examined. As an example of the application of the plasma jet, liquid media, including de-ionized water, were exposed to the APPJ, and their properties (pH and electrical conductivity) and concentrations of reactive species generated in the media were measured as functions of the operational parameters. Furthermore, changes in the plasma-activated media after storage for different durations and under different conditions were examined. The correlation between plasma characteristics and properties of plasma-treated liquid is discussed.
Piezoelectric system on harnessing sound energy in closed environment
Authors: Ahmed Roshan Zameer , P Rajendra Prasad , M Mohan Kumar , K G Nischith Raj , Hegde Prajwal , Ganesh P
Published: November 2023

Traditional energy sources are progressively moving toward depletion, resulting in a growing scarcity of energy driven by demand. In contrast, the realm of acoustic energy harvesting remains relatively unexplored, particularly within enclosed environments. In this work, we proposed a novel piezoelectric energy harvesting system, enhanced with various circuit components such as operational amplifiers and voltage quadruplers. Piezoelectric transducers are a type of electro acoustic transducer that convert the electrical charges triggered by some forms of mechanical vibrations like sound into energy. The core of the system relies on the utilization of piezoelectric technology to transform untapped sound energy into electrical energy. This innovative energy harvesting approach holds the promise of enhancing the quality of sound conditioning within enclosed spaces. Furthermore, the proposed methodology serves to mitigate the risk of noise-induced trauma, which has the potential to cause detrimental long-term effects. It is also cascade into a transformative trajectory, offering sustainable energy harvesting avenues and fostering the amelioration of soundscapes within the tapestry of confined environs. The observations made increased the efficiency of the system by 6%, and the range is increased four times. In our experiments, we obtained a higher voltage of around 12 V for a theater setup with sound levels between 70 and 90 dB, which surpasses the existing results.
Photodissociation dynamics of m- and p-cresol in the S1 state: Interplay between the mode-randomization and H atom tunneling reaction
Authors: Kim Junggil , Kang Minseok , Kim Sang Kyu
Published: November 2023

The H atom tunneling dissociation dynamics of the S1 state of meta- or para-cresol has been investigated by using the picosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy in a state-specific manner. The S1 state lifetime (mainly due to the H atom tunneling reaction) is found to be mode-dependent whereas it quickly converges and remains constant as the rapid intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) starts to participate in the S1 state relaxation with the increase of the S1 internal energy (Eint). The IVR rate and its change with increasing Eint have been reflected in the parent ion transients taken by tuning the total energy (hνpump + hνprobe) just above the adiabatic ionization threshold (so that the dissipation of the initial mode-character could be monitored as a function of the reaction time), indicating that the mode randomization rate into the S1 isoenergetic manifolds exceeds the tunneling rate quite early in terms of Eint for m-cresol (≤∼1200 cm−1) or p-cresol (≤∼800 cm−1) compared to the case of phenol (≤∼1800 cm−1). Though the H atom tunneling dynamics of phenol (S1) seems to be little influenced by the methyl substitution on the either m- or p-position, the IVR rate has been found to be strongly accelerated due to the sharply-increasing (S1) density of states with increasing Eint due to the pivotal role of the low-frequency CH3 torsional mode.
The three channels of many-body perturbation theory: GW, particle–particle, and electron–hole T-matrix self-energies
Authors: Orlando Roberto , Romaniello Pina , Loos Pierre-François
Published: November 2023

We derive the explicit expression of the three self-energies that one encounters in many-body perturbation theory: the well-known GW self-energy, as well as the particle–particle and electron–hole T-matrix self-energies. Each of these can be easily computed via the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a different random-phase approximation linear eigenvalue problem that completely defines their corresponding response function. For illustrative and comparative purposes, we report the principal ionization potentials of a set of small molecules computed at each level of theory. The performance of these schemes on strongly correlated systems (B2 and C2) is also discussed.
Histone deacetylation and cytosine methylation compartmentalize heterochromatic regions in the genome organization of
Neurospora crassa
Authors: Scadden Ashley W. , Graybill Alayne S. , Hull-Crew Clayton , Lundberg Tiffany J. , Lande Nickolas M. , Klocko Andrew D.
Published: November 2023

Chromosomes must correctly fold in eukaryotic nuclei for proper genome function. Eukaryotic organisms hierarchically organize their genomes, including in the fungus
Neurospora crassa
, where chromatin fiber loops compact into Topologically Associated Domain-like structures formed by heterochromatic region aggregation. However, insufficient data exist on how histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including acetylation, affect genome organization. In Neurospora, the HCHC complex [composed of the proteins HDA-1, CDP-2 (Chromodomain Protein-2), Heterochromatin Protein-1, and CHAP (CDP-2 and HDA-1 Associated Protein)] deacetylates heterochromatic nucleosomes, as loss of individual HCHC members increases centromeric acetylation, and alters the methylation of cytosines in DNA. Here, we assess whether the HCHC complex affects genome organization by performing Hi-C in strains deleted of the
cdp-2
or
chap
genes. CDP-2 loss increases intra- and interchromosomal heterochromatic region interactions, while loss of CHAP decreases heterochromatic region compaction. Individual HCHC mutants exhibit different patterns of histone PTMs genome-wide, as CDP-2 deletion increases heterochromatic H4K16 acetylation, yet smaller heterochromatic regions lose H3K9 trimethylation and gain interheterochromatic region interactions; CHAP loss produces minimal acetylation changes but increases heterochromatic H3K9me3 enrichment. Loss of both CDP-2 and the DIM-2 DNA methyltransferase causes extensive genome disorder as heterochromatic–euchromatic contacts increase despite additional H3K9me3 enrichment. Our results highlight how the increased cytosine methylation in HCHC mutants ensures genome compartmentalization when heterochromatic regions become hyperacetylated without HDAC activity.
Extent and patterns
Authors: Sun Jingyun
Published: November 2023

While students’ development of language skills is crucial to their development of interpreting competence, existing literature in interpreter training provides little information on the extent and patterns of student interpreters’ language learning behaviours. This study examined 17 Chinese student interpreters’ language learning behaviours through 741 out-of-class learning diary entries. This study quantified data on the frequency, duration, and breakdown of learning activities and compared the data across different program stages and university levels, revealing that (1) language learning was nearly as important as interpreting learning, (2) students’ efforts on language learning were in line with interpreting courses, and (3) while the majority of language learning sessions were comprehension-based and single-modal, students who progressed further in their education and with more elite educational backgrounds spared a bigger proportion for production-based language learning and multi-modal language learning. The article proposes incorporating corresponding language enhancement modules into interpreter education programs to boost training outcomes.
Choosing effective teaching methods for translation technology classrooms
Authors: Hao Yu , Pym Anthony
Published: November 2023

Although it is generally agreed that translation students need to learn how to use translation technologies, there
would appear to be less agreement on what teaching methods are most appropriate to achieve that end. In our survey of eleven
translation-technology teachers in Australia and New Zealand, we found a significant association between the contents and methods
(p = 0.031). Lecture-based methods are reported as being used to teach background knowledge such as history
and current trends, while hands-on skills can be learned in a variety of student-centred activities that run from task-based
groupwork to large-scale simulated projects. Focus-group discussion indicates not only the distribution of appropriate methods, but
the ways teaching can adjust to different class sizes, becoming more collective or more individual. A case study further indicates
some of the institutional variables that inform the use of one teaching method or another, with particular attention to
heterogeneous student groups.
First person singular subject pronoun expression of young Spanish speakers from Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Del Carpio Leslie
Published: November 2023

This variationist study analyzes the first-person subject pronoun expression (SPE) of speakers from Quito, Ecuador. To date, this morphosyntactic variable has not been explored in this Andean variety of Spanish. The data consists of 20 sociolinguistic interviews. Results reveal an SPE rate of 17%, comparable to other Andean Spanish varieties. As per Rbrul’s quantitative analysis, the predictors that promote the presence of the ‘yo’ in this variety of Spanish are co-referential Priming, switch reference, ambiguous TMA endings and main clauses. In addition, following Orozco and Hurtado (2021), lexical effects of the verb were observed by analyzing the verb lemma. This predictor revealed similarly opposing tendencies between verbs in the same lexical category. This study adds to the growing body of SPE research by examining which linguistic variables influence the use of ‘yo’ in this Ecuadorian Andean Spanish (EAS) variety and comparing these results to those of other Andean Spanish varieties.
The domain derivative in inverse obstacle scattering with nonlinear impedance boundary condition
Authors: Fink Leonie , Hettlich Frank
Published: November 2023

In this paper an inverse obstacle scattering problem for the Helmholtz equation with nonlinear impedance boundary condition is considered. For a certain class of nonlinearities, well-posedness of the direct scattering problem is proven. Furthermore, differentiability of solutions with respect to the boundary is shown by the variational method. A characterization of the derivative allows for iterative regularization schemes in solving the inverse problem, which consists in reconstructing the scattering obstacle from the far field pattern of a scattered wave. An all-at-once Newton-type regularization method is developed to illustrate the use of the domain derivative by some numerical examples.
Growth and characterization of the magnetic topological insulator candidate Mn2Sb2Te5
Authors: Saxena Ankush , Awana V P S
Published: November 2023

We report a new member of topological insulator (TI) family i.e. Mn2Sb2Te5, which belongs to MnSb2Te4 family and is a sister compound of Mn2Bi2Te5. An antiferromagnetic layer of (MnTe)2 has been inserted between quintuple layers of Sb2Te3. The crystal structure and chemical composition of as grown Mn2Sb2Te5 crystal is experimentally visualized by single crystal x-ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The valence states of individual constituents i.e., Mn, Sb and Te are ascertained through x-ray photo electron spectroscopy. Different vibrational modes of Mn2Sb2Te5 are elucidated through Raman spectroscopy. Temperature-dependent resistivity ρ(T) of Mn2Sb2Te5 resulted in metallic behavior of the same with an up-turn at below around 20 K. Further, the magneto-transport ρ(T) vs H of the same exhibited negative magneto-resistance (MR) at low temperatures below 20 K and small positive at higher temperatures. The low Temperature −ve MR starts decreasing at higher fields. The magnetic moment as a function of temperature at 100 Oe and 1 kOe showed anti-ferromagnetism (AFM) like down turn cusps at around 20 K and 10 K. The isothermal magnetization showed AFM like loops with some embedded ferromagnetic/paramagnetic (PM) domains at 5 K and purely PM like at 100 K. The studied Mn2Sb2Te5 clearly exhibited the characteristics of a magnetic TI.
Multidimensional clustering based fault diagnosis method for wind turbine transmission chain
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ruan Aiguo , Huang Guoyong , Qian Junbing , Shen Zhongming , Liu Fabing , Zhang Yao
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of wind power generation, ensuring the reliability and fault diagnosis of wind turbine transmission chains has become a focal point. Traditional clustering methods that address the fault diagnosis problem in wind turbine transmission chains suffer from low fault discrimination and accuracy, as they rely on a single indicator. This paper proposes a two-dimensional clustering model that utilizes multiple indicators to address the issue of distinguishing similar faults within the wind turbine transmission chain from various perspectives and dimensions. The proposed approach involves collecting vibration signals from the transmission chain of wind turbines using sensors and using the root mean square and kurtosis of the fault signal as clustering features. A multidimensional polar coordinate clustering model is established, with the signal kurtosis representing the polar angle and the root mean square representing the polar radius. The clustering of fault signals within wind turbine transmission chains is achieved by optimizing the clustering boundaries by establishing a clustering boundary optimization equation. The results of the developed clustering model are evaluated using external and internal evaluation methods. Experimental results demonstrate that this method exhibits high accuracy and low computational complexity in diagnosing faults within wind turbine transmission chains. In comparison with other clustering methods, the proposed method outperforms them according to the experimental results. Hence, this study presents a novel approach for health monitoring and fault diagnosis of the transmission chain of wind turbines, which has significant implications for improving the reliability of wind turbine operation and reducing maintenance costs.
Self-protected high-temperature superconducting demonstrator magnet for particle detectors
Authors: Van den Eijnden Joep L , Vaskuri Anna K , Curé Benoit , Dudarev Alexey , Mentink Matthias
Published: November 2023

A high temperature superconducting (HTS) demonstration coil has been developed in the frame of the Experimental Physics department Research and Development program at CERN The magnet extends the recent experimental demonstration of aluminium-stabilised HTS conductors and supports the development of future large scale detector magnets. The HTS magnet has five turns and an open bore diameter of 230 mm. Up to 30 K, the coil was measured to be fully superconducting across four central turns at 4.4 kA, the maximum available current of existing power supply. The central magnetic field is 0.113 T, the peak field on the conductor is 1.2 T and the coil has a stored magnetic energy of 0.1 kJ. A 3D-printed aluminium alloy (Al10SiMg) cylinder acts both as a stabiliser and a mechanical support for the superconductor. The resistivity of Al10SiMg was measured at cryogenic temperatures, and has a residual resistivity ratio of approximately 2.5. The ability to solder ReBCO tapes (a stack of four REBCO tapes, 4 mm wide, Fujikura) to Al10SiMg stabiliser, electroplated with copper and tin, forming a coil, is demonstrated using tin-lead solder at 188∘C. The HTS magnet was proven to be stable when superconductivity was broken locally using a thin-film heater. Despite voids in the solder joint between HTS and stabiliser, no degradation of the magnet’s performance was observed after 12 thermal cycles and locally quenching the magnet. A numerical model of the transient behaviour of solenoid with partially shorted turns is developed and validated against measurements. Our work experimentally and numerically validates that using an aluminium alloy as a stabiliser for HTS tapes can result in a stable, lightweight and transparent magnet.
Enhancing structural and magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 nanoparticles through co-substitution (Co-Mn): A promising approach for permanent magnet applications
Authors: Moatoshi  , Sarma Sidananda , Borah J P
Published: November 2023

In-depth study into the creation and improvement of rare-earth free permanent magnets, particularly ferrites, has been sparked by recent economic and environmental concerns. M-type barium hexaferrites (BaFe12O19, pure BHF) are a class of low-cost permanent magnets with an excellent curie temperature and good resistance to oxidation and corrosion that are significant from a technological perspective. In the current study, the experimental conditions are optimized to obtain barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) co-substituted with transition elements (Co and Mn) (BaFe12–2xCoxMnxO19) via the chemical co-precipitation method. In this framework, different substitution possibilities will be investigated. The structure, morphology, vibrational spectrum, and thermal stability of the generated nanoparticles were revealed using powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Rietveld refinement was used to estimate the average bond length and bond angle in order to determine the impact of superexchange interaction. Based on more precise structural characteristics, the atomic occupation and distribution of bonds are depicted from their charge density graph. For all the synthesized materials, the maximum energy product (BH)max and magnetic characteristics (VSM) were also investigated. The potential causes of this phenomenon were examined and discussed at length.
Enhancing the selective electrical activation of human vagal nerve fibers: a comparative computational modeling study with validation in a rat sciatic model
Authors: Tovbis Daniel , Lee Eugene , Koh Ryan G L , Jeong Rania , Agur Anne , Yoo Paul B
Published: November 2023

Objective. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging treatment option for a myriad of medical disorders, where the method of delivering electrical pulses can vary depending on the clinical indication. In this study, we investigated the relative effectiveness of electrically activating the cervical vagus nerve among three different approaches: nerve cuff electrode stimulation (NCES), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and enhanced TENS (eTENS). The objectives were to characterize factors that influenced nerve activation and to compare the nerve recruitment properties as a function of nerve fiber diameter. Methods. The Finite Element Model, based on data from the Visible Human Project, was implemented in COMSOL. The three simulation types were compared under a range of vertical and horizontal displacements relative to the location of the vagus nerve. Monopolar anodic stimulation was examined, along with latency and activation of different fiber sizes. Nerve activation was determined via the activating function and McIntyre-Richardson-Grill models, and activation thresholds were validated in an in-vivo rodent model. Results. While NCES produced the lowest activation thresholds, eTENS generally performed superior to TENS under the range of conditions and fiber diameters, producing activation thresholds up to three times lower than TENS. eTENS also preserved its enhancement when surface electrodes were displaced away from the nerve. Anodic stimulation revealed an inhibitory region that removed eTENS benefits. eTENS also outperformed TENS by up to four times when targeting smaller diameter nerve fibers, scaling similar to a cuff electrode. In latency and activation of smaller diameter nerve fibers, eTENS results resembled those of NCES more than a TENS electrode. Activation threshold ratios were consistent in in-vivo validation. Significance. Our findings expand upon previously identified mechanisms for eTENS and further demonstrate how eTENS emulates a nerve cuff electrode to achieve lower activation thresholds. This work further characterizes considerations required for VNS under the three stimulation methods.
Internal dose assessment of lymphoma 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan
Authors: Murat H , Karim M K A , Kechik M M A , Amer M F , Razak H R A , Kamal I , Chew M T
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to assess the internal radiation exposure of patients who have undergone a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan using 18F-FDG radiopharmaceutical. A total of 24 patients (8 men, 16 women, with an average age of 43.88 ± 18.57 years and weight of 57.54 ± 13.04 kg) who had been diagnosed with lymphoma were administered with 300.80 ± 23.09 MBq of 18F-FDG for a PET scan of the whole body. The IDAC-Dose 2.1 program, developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), was used to measure absorbed and effective doses. The organs selected for absorbed dose analysis were the breast, kidneys, adrenals, liver, and brain, with the brain receiving the highest absorbed dose and the breast receiving the lowest absorbed dose. The effective dose for all patients was 4.85 ± 0.37 mSv, and the ratio of the effective dose to the administered activity was 1.611 × 10−2 mSv/MBq. The safety of the current practice using 18F-FDG PET scan was ascertained, given that the ratio of effective dose to administered activity was lower than 1.9 x 10−2 mSv/MBq.
Characteristics of Fly Ash as a Constituent Material for Geopolymer
Authors: Chairunnisa N , Haryanti N H , Nurwidayati R , Pratiwi A Y , Arnandha Y , Saputra Y , Hazizah N
Published: November 2023

Fly ash waste from the Asam-Asam Power Plant in South Kalimantan continues to increase. Various attempts have been made to utilize fly ash waste, among others. as a basic material for making geopolymers. Geopolymer is environmentally friendly because it replaces all cement with high Silica (Si) and Alumina (Al) wastes such as fly ash. This study aims to characterize fly ash as a raw material of geopolymer. Fly ash was filtered using 200 mesh and then heated in an oven at 105°C for 24 hours. The prepared fly ash was then tested for physical properties and compound analysis using XRF, identification of chemical bonds and functional groups using FTIR, morphology, and elements using SEM EDX. Initial and final setting time was investigated using the Vicat apparatus to determine e whether cement is undergoing proper hydration. The results indicated that the fly ash was classified to class F. That was based on the amount of SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 of 85.91%, and the CaO content was less than 10%. Moreover, fly ash’s initial and final setting time was 1072.5 and 3180 minutes, respectively. Fly ash in this research can be used as a raw material for geopolymers.
Characteristics Analysis of Hybrid Optical Amplifier with Doped Fiber Variations for Fiber Optic Communications Network
Authors: Ramadani R , Khairunisa S A , Khoiro M
Published: November 2023

Optical communication networks are vital in the digital era, but data transmission becomes weak the longer the distance traveled by light. Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) technology is commonly used as an optical amplifier, but it still produces a small gain, Q-factor, and a significant noise figure. This study characterized the Hybrid Optical Amplifier (HOA) combinations that contain EDFA with various doped fibers. The characterization was performed through Optisystem software simulation by observing and analyzing the gain, noise of figure, and Q-factor generated by each doped fiber variant. The results showed that the combination of Ytterbium-doped Fiber produced the most significant gain of 15.83 dB, less noise figure of 5,661 dB, and a relatively high Q-factor of 35,615 at 1,550 nm. It indicates that the HOA combination is suitable and ideal for long-distance transmission in fiber optic communication network applications.
Climate Change Literacy of Coastal Disaster-Prone Communities in Realizing Climate Action for Sustainable Physics Learning
Authors: Lestari N A , Jatmiko B , Madlazim
Published: November 2023

Climate change can cause an increase in rainfall, accelerated erosion and runoff of water on the surface, drought, and excess water, which in turn causes floods and landslides. A proactive response to disasters is needed to increase management effectiveness and reduce loss of life and property. Efforts to reduce the risk of hydrometeorological disasters can be carried out by involving the community. Disaster management knowledge and skills can save more lives and as a provision to respond to disasters. Therefore, research will be carried out to determine the profile of people’s climate awareness and literacy in dealing with disasters caused by climate change, especially in coastal areas. A qualitative research design with the type of descriptive study is used to describe the profile of people’s understanding of disasters caused by climate change, disaster risk mitigation/reduction, and ways of adaptation. Data collection will be carried out by researchers using in-depth interview techniques and field observations so that they can show the presence and involvement of researchers. The research results show that the community’s climate literacy skills, especially regarding knowledge about climate change, are still not good. However, in action, the Community already has appropriate mitigation and adaptation activities in handling disasters due to climate change in coastal areas. The implication of the research is expected to provide information related to community climate literacy to meet the “Climate Action” sustainable development goals (SDGs) in physics learning.
Physics’ Science Literacy Profile of High School Students in South Kalimantan
Authors: Wati M , Pratiwi D B , Mahtari S , Dewantara D
Published: November 2023

The science literacy skills of students in South Kalimantan have yet to be fully identified. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the profile of physics science literacy among senior high school students in South Kalimantan. This research is a quantitative study that utilizes a purposive sampling technique. The study subjects are senior high school students in each district/city in South Kalimantan, with one school selected as the sample from each district/city. The study includes a total of 13 schools with 502 students. Data were obtained through surveys and data collection using test instruments. The data were analyzed descriptively using the Rasch model in the Winstep application. The results of the study show that the physics science literacy skills of senior high school students are categorized as “sufficient,” and the quality of the test items and the reliability aspects of the instruments are good. The categorization of science literacy skills among students in each district/city varies. The categories consist of four classifications: “very high” and “high” categories include two districts, the “sufficient” category includes five districts, and the “low” category includes three districts. Based on the variable maps of students’ proficiency levels, they fall into the “sufficient” category. Therefore, it can be concluded that the profile of physics science literacy among senior high school students in South Kalimantan is categorized as “sufficient”.
OPSNet: Point Cloud Registration Based on Overlapping Predictive Segmentation
Authors: Hu Jiuxin , Pan Zhihao , Li Zhiyong , Tang Jin
Published: November 2023

Registration is a critical task in the field of point clouds, aiming to align data acquired at different times or from different viewpoints for accurate matching. Deep learning methods have made important progress in point cloud registration tasks. However, most existing approaches do not handle the non-overlapping parts of point clouds, resulting in poor performance in low-overlap and noisy scenarios. We propose a registration model called OPSNet, which achieves optimal alignment transformation estimation and overlapping region prediction through an iterative process. OPSNet consists of modules including global feature extraction, overlapping region prediction segmentation, and alignment registration. By utilizing a segmentation algorithm to deal with the non-overlapping parts of data, OPSNet reduces the adverse effects caused by non-overlapping regions in point cloud registration. The model learns feature representations and performs iterative optimization to achieve precise point cloud alignment. We conduct comprehensive experiments on common point cloud registration datasets and compare OPSNet with several classical point cloud registration methods. The experimental results display that OPSNet achieves outstanding performance in terms of rotation and translation errors, outperforming other methods. Additionally, we evaluate the registration performance under different overlap ratios and find that OPSNet can achieve better registration results even in low-overlap scenarios.
Improved YOLOV8 Network and Application in Safety Helmet Detection
Authors: Bao Junjie , Li Shihua , Wang Guanglong , Xiong Jianmin , Li Sailai
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes a research method to enhance the accuracy and real-time capability of helmet detection in complex industrial environments, aiming to address the engineering challenges of poor robustness and significant occurrences of both false positives and false negatives in existing detection methods. In this study, the C2F (faster version of CSP Bottleneck with two convolutions) module and FE (FasterNet with EMA) module are integrated into the network architecture of YOLOV8 to form a new attention mechanism module called C2F-FE. This module enhances the model’s perception of safety helmet targets by fusing feature information from different levels and incorporating attention mechanisms while reducing computational overhead. Furthermore, the model is trained and optimized on publicly available safety helmet datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved model exhibits stronger robustness, achieving an accuracy rate of 94.6% and a mAP50 of 99.1% for safety helmet detection in complex construction scenarios, with an inference time of 0.7 ms.
Master-slave Control Strategy of Surgical Robots for Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Ren Lin , Kong Kang , Dai YingKai , Liang Tao
Published: November 2023

The precise construction of the master-slave control strategy is a fundamental requirement for robot-assisted surgery. In this study, we propose a master-slave control strategy for gastrointestinal surgical robots based on the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery surgical robot developed by Tianjin University. The forward and inverse kinematics of the continuum mechanism at the slave manipulator are investigated. A master-slave coordinate mapping system for surgical robots is established by analyzing the kinematic characteristics of the master and slave manipulators. Additionally, an intuitive mapping algorithm and a control flowchart for the robot are developed. The proportional control and incremental control strategies tailored for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedures are proposed based on intuitive mapping control. Finally, a master-slave trajectory tracking experiment is performed to validate the feasibility of the proposed master-slave control strategy.
Research on Robotic Flexible Peg-in-hole Assembly Technology
Authors: Dai Na , Ge Hailong , Cheng Wei , Zhang Yu , Lu Wenyi
Published: November 2023

Peg-in-hole assembly is one of the more typical tasks in the machining industry. Although robotic peg-in-hole assembly technology has been widely used in practical production, achieving efficient and reliable flexible peg-in-hole assembly by robots still poses significant challenges. The analysis of robotic flexible peg-in-hole assembly from a control point of view is presented. Firstly, the process of robot flexible peg-in-hole assembly is introduced. Then the application of traditional model-based assembly control is described, on the basis of which learning-based intelligent assembly control is discussed. The combination of intelligent methods and traditional methods will become an important future development trend, injecting new vitality into robotic flexible peg-in-hole assembly.