bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colaboraciones globales: impulsando museos y colecciones universitarias a través de redes internacionales
Authors: Varón Ana Isabel Díaz-Plaza
Published: September 2024

El texto resalta el valor de los museos universitarios como puentes entre la academia y la cultura, así como su papel esencial en la conservación del patrimonio. A pesar de desafíos como la falta de recursos y personal especializado, estas instituciones tienen la oportunidad de adaptarse a nuevos estándares museológicos. Las redes internacionales como UMAC y Universeum son fundamentales para intercambiar conocimientos, fomentar la colaboración y garantizar la relevancia de los museos universitarios, promoviendo el diálogo intercultural en un mundo cada vez más interconectado.
Pelatihan Pengelasan dan Inspeksi kepada Siswa SMAN 3 Sampang sebagai Upaya Penguatan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM)
Authors: Syarifuddin Arief , Ilmah Aurista M. , Prasetyo Taufan , Aldara Desta Rifky , Abdullah Mohammad
Published: September 2024

Pulau Madura memiliki potensi alam dan pariwisata yang sangat luar biasa, namun potensi tersebut belum bisa dikelola secara maksimal dikarenakan rendahnya kemampuan Sumber Daya Manusia yang dimiliki untuk mengelolanya. Bukti dari rendahnya kualitas SDM masyarakat pulau Madura ditunjukkan oleh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang juga sangat rendah. Politeknik Negeri Madura (POLTERA) sebagai institusi pendidikan melalui Jurusan Teknologi Kemaritiman berupaya mengambil peran untuk bisa meningkatkan IPM masyarakat pulau Madura dengan membuat pelatihan pengelasan dan inspeksi. Sasaran dari pelatihan ini adalah siswa SMAN 3 Sampang yang memiliki rekam jejak baik dengan POLTERA.  Pelatihan dilaksanakan selama dua hari dengan rincian satu hari untuk pemaparan teori dan satu hari untuk praktik pengelasan dan inspeksi. Hasil pelatihan pengelasan dan inspeksi menunjukkan tren yang positif, terbukti dari peningkatan nilai post test jika dibandingkan dengan pre test. Perbaikan perlu dilakukan untuk kegiatan pelatihan selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil kuisioner khususnya terkait materi pelatihan dan konsumsi. Pelatihan sejenis ini bisa dijadikan agenda rutin tahunan untuk meningkatkan ketertarikan siswa SMA dan SMK di Pulau Madura melanjutkan studi hingga perguruan tinggi, sehingga berdampak kepada kenaikan IPM.
The bark and wood properties of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa trees in riverine mangrove forest
Authors: Jones Trevor , Watanabe Shin
Published: September 2024

Background: The mangrove species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. and Rhizophora stylosa Griff. are found in riverine mangrove forest, where the trees occur in mixed forest. They have different ecological traits and supporting buttress root systems. However, little is known about the bark and wood structural properties of the trees which are important when using biomechanical approaches to understand the ecological differences between species. Here we test the hypothesis that the structural properties of the trees are influenced by the ecology of these species in riverine mangrove forest.
Methods: Plots were established in mixed forest of B. gymnorrhiza and R. stylosa in riverine mangrove forest on Iriomote Island in Okinawa, Japan. Selected trees from the two species were sampled to evaluate the bark and wood properties of the stems, branches and roots. The data were analysed and compared for the two mangrove species.
Results: Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and R. stylosa have differences in their bark and wood properties. R. stylosa trees have thicker bark and higher bark density, and wood of higher density, strength, stiffness, and hardness. This applies to the stems and roots of R. stylosa trees, and supports the compressive buttresses, and exposed tidal positions of this light demanding pioneer species. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza trees have a higher proportion of wood in the stems and branches, and less in the roots, which can be attributed to the risk of canopy damage, and the presence of tensile buttresses, in this shade-tolerant gap-phase species.
Conclusions: Differences in the bark and wood properties of the stems, branches and roots, were consistent with the ecological traits of B. gymnorrhiza and R. stylosa, and the structural properties of the buttress root systems. The knowledge will aid understanding of the distribution of these species in riverine mangrove forest.
Primary Parotid Tuberculosis Presenting as a Malignancy: An Exceptional Occurrence
Authors: Chauhan Rituja , Sultan Moinuddin , Badhe Padma
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis is a well-known endemic disease in India; however extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the form of single parotid gland involvement is exceptionally unusual. Nevertheless, in instances involving slow-growing, prominent parotid gland enlargement, where malignancy is our major speculation, it should never be eliminated as a differential. There have been very few previously reported cases of tuberculosis involving salivary glands, and at times imaging has proven it difficult to diagnose such a condition and differentiate it from a benign mass or a malignancy. With that in mind, the authors present a case of tuberculosis involving just a single parotid gland in a 49-year-old woman who had been experiencing unilateral infra-auricular swelling and pain for a month. Apart from evening rise in temperature and generalised weakness, the patient had no additional symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis infection. Ultrasound represents the initial imaging modality of choice for assessment of the parotid gland. A sonographic examination of the authors’ patient revealed a diffusely enlarged left parotid gland with peripherally vascular hypo-echoic areas within. On contrast-enhanced CT the left parotid gland was seen to be replaced by a heterogeneously enhancing lesion, with an abscess-like appearance. The tubercular aetiology was established after a USG-guided tru-cut biopsy from the infra-auricular region revealed numerous loose granulomas with few langhans-type multinucleate giant cells amidst foci of necrosis and a salivary duct. Anti-TB medication was initiated for the patient subsequent to the presence of acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The patient has now received 3 months of AKT and there has been complete resolution of the symptoms.
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM BETWEEN BANK EMPLOYEES (STUDY OF FINANCE STAFF OF BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA KCP BONDOWOSO)
Authors: Asrori Avita Nurfianti
Published: September 2024

This research aims to find out about the form of interaction used between employees of Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Bondowoso in increasing work effectiveness and analyze George Herbert Mead's theory of symbolic interaction on the relationship between employees at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Bondowoso. This research is important to be conducted in order to help in designing better financial management strategies to increase employee productivity and cooperation in the work environment. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method of phenomenology. In accordance with the focus studied in the study, the data mining process is carried out by means of a descriptive qualitative approach, data collection techniques in the research using several stages, namely observation, interviews, and documentation then analyzed using descriptive qualitative. To achieve this goal, the researcher uses George Herbert Mead's symbolic interaction theory which has 3 concepts, namely mind, self, and society, it can be found that the importance of relationships between employees in improving the quality of work and the atmosphere in the work environment. From the results of the above research, it can be concluded that the form of interaction used by Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Bondowoso employees in the work environment is interpersonal communication, where the interaction applies several forms of interaction, namely with openness, empathy, support, a sense of positivity, and equality among colleagues which can improve harmonious relationships, inclusive work culture, and effective bank employee performance.
The complementary role of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids in the nutrition of pregnant and lactating women
Authors: Orlova S. V. , Prokopenko E. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Batysheva T. T. , Balashova N. V. , Alekseeva M. V. , Vodolazkaya A. N.
Published: September 2024

Optimal maternal nutrition plays a critical role in ensuring a healthy pregnancy and normal fetal development. Maternal fatty acids are essential for the growth and development of the fetus, newborn and future adult. Humans are unable to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and depend on dietary intake of PUFAs. Adequate maternal intake of two major omega‑3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during pregnancy and/or lactation is considered fundamental for normal fetal development to adulthood.
Micronutrients and the gut microbiome: a bidirectional interaction
Authors: Kodentsova V. M. , Risnik D. V.
Published: September 2024

A review of the literature in recent years was carried out using the RSCI, Google Scholar, Pubmed, and ResearchGate databases.The purpose of the review was characterization of the influence of dietary micronutrients on the intestinal microbiome and assessment of the role of the microbiome in providing the host with micronutrients.Results. Approximately half (40–65 %) of all types of prototrophic bacteria inhabiting the intestine are capable of synthesizing all B vitamins and are donors for auxotrophic bacteria. Only four vitamins (B6, folate, B12, niacin) can be produced in quantities that represent about 25 % of a person’s physiological requirement, but the lack of transporters for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the colon makes it unavailable to the host. Vitamin K (menaquinones) synthesized by intestinal bacteria does not enter the systemic circulation, which does not exclude their local effect on the intestinal epithelium. A lack of micronutrients (vitamin A, iron, zinc, folate) in the host’s diet disrupts the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota; taking vitamins (groups B, C, D, E) improves the composition of the microbiome. Excessive consumption of some vitamins causes them to enter the large intestine, where they have a beneficial effect on the number and diversity of bacteria. Micro- and macroelements are necessary to ensure the viability of representatives of the intestinal microbiota, which is also necessary to maintain optimal elemental homeostasis. Taking prebiotics (soluble dietary fiber) improves the bioavailability of iron, calcium and other minerals.Conclusion. Microorganisms inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract bidirectionally interact with micronutrients included in the diet, which affects, on the one hand, the species diversity and functions of microorganisms, and on the other hand, the microbiome affects the absorption and bioavailability of micronutrients.
Features of assessing water sectors and body hydration status using bioimpedance body composition analyzers
Authors: Vybornaya K. V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The absolute amount of total, extracellular and intracellular water of the body directly depends on the overall dimensions and component composition of the body, therefore, to assess the hydration status of the body, relative indicators of the water sectors of the body are used (as a percentage of body weight) and coefficients of water distribution in the body are used: ECW/TBW and ECW/ICW.Purpose. Determine what the difference is in assessing water distribution and body hydration status using bioimpedance analyzers of various modifications and manufacturers.Results and discussion. When the bioimpedance analyzers using to assess hydration status and the distribution of water in the body, it should be borne in mind that they have different standard values for the ECW/TBW and ECW/ICW indices. The obtained values should be interpreted only in accordance with the standards presented in the user instructions for the analyzer on which the assessment was carried out. The main differences between assessments by different analyzers are that normal index values increase with the age of the subject when measured by the InBody and Accuniq analyzers and decrease when measured by the Medass analyzer. At the same time, in the Accuniq and Medass analyzers, the normal limits depend on gender and age and have values higher than in InBody.Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis of literature data and user instructions for the InBody, Accuniq and Medass analyzers, it was shown that different values and multidirectional trends in changes in the ECW/TBW and ECW/ICW indices with increasing age of the examined people can be associated both with different body positions during measurement using bioimpedance analyzers from different manufacturers, and with different standards for index values developed on populations with their own characteristics of hydration status.
Drug-induced liver injury caused by Ashwagandha “supplementation”: a systematic review of case reports
Authors: Miroshnikov A. B. , Rybakova P. D. , Antonov A. G.
Published: September 2024

Ashwagandha dietary supplement has become popular among Russians. Information about side effects associated with Ashwagandha supplementation is available in case reports and case series, although none may be available.Objective. To conduct a systematic review of clinical case reports and case series on suspected liver damage caused by Ashwagandha.Methods. The study was conducted in accordance with the statement of preferred reporting rates for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This review considered articles published between December 2018 and December 2023.Several scientific databases were used for the systematic search: PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. The level of evidence of included studies was classified using the Oxford Centre for Evidencebased Medicine level of evidence.Results. A total of 76 references were identified in the databases, 11 studies were included in the review during the screening procedure.Conclusions. We thus present 23 cases of drug-induced liver injury caused by Ashwagandha, with similar liver injury patterns and outcomes.
TECNOLOGÍAS PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DEL ARTE Y PATRIMONIO CULTURAL. ALGORITMOS DE INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN APLICACIONES
Authors: Cevallos Bravo Teddy Alex
Published: September 2024

Actualmente, la integración de algoritmos de Inteligencia Artificial en tecnologías emergentes ha ganado popularidad en diversos campos laborales. Dicha integración ha revolucionado la forma en que se abordan los desafíos asociados con la preservación de obras de arte, antigüedades y otros elementos del patrimonio cultural. Esta investigación, presenta una revisión sistemática sobre la aplicación de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y visión por computadora en la identificación y análisis de materiales, daños y alteraciones en obras de arte. Estas herramientas permiten una evaluación más precisa y detallada, facilitando la detección temprana de posibles amenazas a la integridad de las obras, además no solo preserva la apariencia original, sino que también ofrece nuevas perspectivas sobre la historia y el contexto de las obras. Posteriormente, se identificaron algunos algoritmos de arte generativo, así como otros de predicción y monitoreo para evaluar el impacto del entorno en las obras de arte expuestas, permitiendo ajustes precisos en condiciones de almacenamiento y exhibición para prevenir daños a largo plazo. Finalmente, se destaca el potencial transformador de estos algoritmos (StyleGAN, BigGAN, CNN, sistemas difusos, algoritmos evolutivos, inteligencia de enjambre, Autoencoders, SRGAN, Neural Style Transfer, Histogram Equalization, Filtros No Locales, Transformada Wavelet, Filtros de Kalman, Aumentación de Datos, U-Net, ResNet, VGG16) y se plantean consideraciones éticas y culturales asociadas con su implementación. La combinación de tecnologías para la conservación del arte y algoritmos de inteligencia artificial ofrece un panorama prometedor para la preservación y apreciación continua de nuestro valioso patrimonio cultural.
Effect of Tooth Bleaching on The Color Change of Laminate Veneer Restorations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Atak Ay Buse , Türker Şebnem Begüm
Published: September 2024

Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of tooth bleaching on the long-term color change of laminate veneers restored with different translucency CAD/CAM materials.
Methods: In this study, 20 upper central teeth extracted due to periodontal, orthodontic problems and trauma were used. The teeth were embedded in acrylic blocks and divided into 4 groups of 5 teeth each. Groups A and B were bleached with a vital bleaching agent for two 20-minute sessions before preparation and teeth were prepared for laminate veneer restoration following bleaching. Groups C and D were prepared without bleaching treatment. Groups A and C were restored with high translucent A1 IPS Emax CAD material and Groups B and D were restored with low translucent A1 IPS Emax CAD material. For all restorations adhesive cementation was applied and aged for 2 years by thermal cycling. The color of the restorations was measured using a spectrophotometer after cementation and the measurement was
done again after 2 years aging. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare data and multiple comparisons were tested with Dunn’s test.
Results: The translucency of the blocks and tooth bleaching caused a significant difference between the groups according to the Kruskal Wallis test. Color changes (ΔE00) of Group A, B, C and D was 0.89±0.01, 0.87±0.01, 0.81±0.01, 0.8±0.01 respectively.
Conclusion: Tooth bleaching causes a greater color change in laminate veneer restorations and the translucency of the material affects the color change of the laminate veneer restorations after aging.
Arteterapia os benefícios da dança no processo psicoterapêutico para ansiedade
Authors: Bezerra Gabrielly Lourenço Abel , Silva Jéssica Martelosso da , Sá Jeferson de Souza
Published: September 2024

A ansiedade é um problema de saúde pública cada vez mais assíduo afetando a vida de diversos indivíduos em variados momentos, é normal sentir-se ansioso mediante a acontecimentos e situações novas, é uma resposta natural do indivíduo, porém quando essa ansiedade persiste e o indivíduo se encontra em estado de alerta excessivo em conjunto com alguns outros sintomas, passa a ser caracterizado um transtorno de ansiedade. A dançaterapia busca olhar o indivíduo como ser único, abordando o lado lúdico, corporal e mental, estimulando a singularidade de cada sujeito e seus significados. Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar os benefícios da dançaterapia no tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura narrativa partindo de artigos científicos e livros pesquisados nas bases de dados na biblioteca virtual da Scielo, PEPSIC, Google Acadêmico e Livros, com recorte temporal dos últimos 10 anos. Os dados obtidos demonstram uma efetividade positiva acerca da dançaterapia na redução dos sintomas do transtorno de ansiedade como também em sua presença mais moderada, principalmente se utilizada em conjunto com outras intervenções, além da melhora da qualidade de vida, autoestima e relações. Também foi possível constatar certa escassez de materiais de pesquisa correlacionando a dançaterapia com o transtorno de ansiedade o que torna o tema um incentivo para maior exploração, visto que a dança demonstra auxiliar na promoção da saúde e na qualidade de vida das pessoas.
Editorial: Inovação e Sustentabilidade na Agricultura Brasileira
Authors: Pina Ticiana Petean , Mantivani Laís Santana Celestino
Published: September 2024

A agricultura brasileira, com sua rica diversidade de cultivos e desafios climáticos, está em constante evolução. Recentemente, três estudos de relevância emergiram, destacando avanços significativos na produção de tomate e na aquicultura, que têm implicações profundas para a sustentabilidade e a eficiência das práticas agrícolas no país. Vamos explorar como esses avanços podem transformar a produção alimentícia e a preservação ambiental no Brasil.
Enhancing speech perception in challenging acoustic scenarios for cochlear implant users through automatic signal processing
Authors: Buechner Andreas , Bardt Michael , Kliesch Sven , Lenarz Thomas , Brendel Martina
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This clinical study investigated the impact of the Naída M hearing system, a novel cochlear implant sound processor and corresponding hearing aid, featuring automatic scene classification systems which combine directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms, on speech perception in various acoustic scenarios.

Methods

Speech perception was assessed in 20 cochlear implant (CI) recipients, comprising both bilaterally implanted and bimodal listeners. Participants underwent the adaptive matrix sentence test in both quiet and noisy environments. The automatic scene classifier (ASC, AutoSense OS 3.0) involving different microphone settings was evaluated against the omni-directional microphone on the Naída M hearing system. The predecessor hearing system Naída Q served as reference. Furthermore, the automatic focus steering feature (FSF, Speech in 360°) of the Naída M hearing system was compared to the manual FSF of the Naída Q hearing system in a multi-loudspeaker setup.

Results

While both sound processor models yielded comparable outcomes with the omni-directional microphone, the automatic programs demonstrated an enhancement in speech perception: up to 5 dB or 40% in noise for the latest sound processor relative to its predecessor. Subjective feedback further underscored the positive experience with the newer generation system in everyday listening scenarios.

Conclusion

The Naída M hearing system features advanced classification systems combined with superior processing capabilities, significantly enhancing speech perception in noisy environments compared to its predecessor, the Naída Q hearing system.
Exploring polyoxometalate speciation: the interplay of concentration, ionic strength, and buffer composition
Authors: Ždrnja Maja , Gumerova Nadiia I. , Rompel Annette
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the concentration-dependent speciation and stability of Keggin-type [PVWVI12O40]3–(PW12) and Wells-Dawson type [α-PV2WVI18O62]6–(P2W18) polyoxotungstates across the pH range from two to eight and buffer systems including acetic acid-sodium acetate, citric acid-sodium citrate, sodium phosphate, Tris-HCl and HEPES. Utilizing 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy for detailed analysis, we quantified the stability and hydrolysis patterns of PW12 and P2W18 in various buffer solutions at concentrations of 3, and 15 mM, and compared with previously published data for 10 mM solutions. Our research shows that higher concentrations of PW12 and P2W18 in solutions improve their stability in neutral to moderately alkaline environments (pH seven and above), making them less prone to hydrolysis. This pronounced effect underscores the crucial role of concentration in optimizing the behavior of polyoxometalates under varying pH levels, revealing a strong link between concentration and stability across various buffers and highlighting how ionic strength, buffer composition, and pH crucially interact to influence POM stability. Research on how ionic strength affects the speciation of 3 mM solutions shows that the stability of P2W18 decreases as the pH approaches neutrality and as ionic strength increases, indicating heightened hydrolysis and reduced stability. For the inherently less stable PW12, the findings indicate a shift in hydrolysis pathways—different concentrations of the hydrolysis products, a change likely driven by the increased ionic strength. These findings emphatically underscore the critical importance of meticulously selecting the right buffer and concentration to fully unlock the potential of polyoxometalates such as PW12 and P2W18. Strategic choices are essential for leveraging these compounds as pivotal elements in groundbreaking applications, poised to revolutionize scientific and technological landscapes.
Design and synthesis new indole-based aromatase/iNOS inhibitors with apoptotic antiproliferative activity
Authors: Al-Wahaibi Lamya H. , Abou-Zied Hesham A. , Abdelrahman Mostafa H. , Morcoss Martha M. , Trembleau Laurent , Youssif Bahaa G. M. , Bräse Stefan
Published: September 2024

The present study details the design, synthesis, and bio-evaluation of indoles 3–16 as dual inhibitors of aromatase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)with antiproliferative activity. The study evaluates the antiproliferative efficacy of 3–16 against various cancer cell lines, highlighting hybrids 12 and 16 for their exceptional activity with GI50 values of 25 nM and 28 nM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the most active hybrids 5, 7, 12, and 16, on both aromatase and iNOS were evaluated. Compounds 12 and 16 were investigated for their apoptotic potential activity, and the results showed that the studied compounds enhance apoptosis by activating caspase-3, 8, and Bax and down-regulating the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Molecular docking studies are intricately discussed to confirm most active hybrids’ 12- and 16-binding interactions with the aromatase active site. Additionally, our novel study discussed the ADME characteristics of derivatives 8–16, highlighting their potential as therapeutic agents with reduced toxicity.
Cardiac computed tomography in infective endocarditis: “bridging the detection gap”
Authors: Montarello Natalie , Bioh Gabriel , Byrne Calum , Hassan Imtiaz , Androshchuk Vitaliy , Demetrescu Camelia , Mak Sze Mun , Rajani Ronak
Published: September 2024

Infective Endocarditis (IE) remains a significant health challenge. Despite an increasing awareness, mortality is high and has remained largely unchanged over recent decades. Early diagnosis of IE is imperative and to assist clinicians several diagnostic criteria have been proposed. The best known are the Duke criteria. Originally published in 1994, these criteria have undergone significant modifications. This manuscript provides a timeline of the successive changes that have been made over the last 30 years. Changes which to a large degree have reflected both the evolving epidemiology of IE and the proliferation and increasing availability of advanced multi-modality imaging. Importantly, many of these changes now form part of societal guidelines for the diagnosis of IE. To provide validation for the incorporation of cardiac computed tomography (CT) in current guidelines, the manuscript demonstrates a spectrum of pictorial case studies that re-enforce the utility and growing importance of early cardiac CT in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected IE.
Development of self-administered questionnaire on barriers, prescription practices, and guideline adherence of osteoporosis management among tertiary care clinicians: content validity and reliability analysis
Authors: Muhamad Jamil Nur Khadijah , Mohamed Isa Naina , Mokhtar Sabarul Afian , Leong Juzaily Fekry , Kamudin Nur Azree Ferdaus , Muhammad Norliza
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study outlined the development of the barriers, prescribing practices, and guideline adherence for osteoporosis management according to the Clinicians’ Osteoporosis Questionnaire (COQ) followed by an assessment of the content validity index and reliability test.

Methods

The development of the COQ was performed in two stages. Stage I involved the development of the COQ, and stage II involved judgmental evidence and quantification of the questionnaire. Five panel experts related to the study area and five clinicians participated in the validity of the COQ assessment. Fifty clinicians took part in the reliability test evaluation by filling out the questionnaire twice at 2-week intervals. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, while Cohen’s kappa statistic was used to determine the test–retest reliability using SPSS version 29.

Results

Forty items and three domains, namely, barriers, prescribing practices, and guideline adherence for osteoporosis management, were identified in the COQ (version 4.0). The scale-level CVI (S-CVI/Ave) for every domain was above 0.9, which is considered acceptable. The CVRs for all the items were above 0.7, except for two items in the barrier domain and two items in the guideline adherence domain. Two items were revised to improve the clarity of the item, and other items were retained based on consensus among the expert panel. Between the test and retest, the reliability of individual items ranged from moderate to almost perfect for the barrier domain (k = 0.42–0.86), prescribing practice domain (k = 0.79–0.87), and guideline adherence domain (k = 0.46–1). None of the items had “fair” or “poor” agreement. Thus, the 40-item COQ (version 4.0) was finalized following the content and face validity analysis.

Conclusions

Through an iterative process, the development and assessment of the COQ showed a high degree of content validity and reliability in measuring the barriers, prescribing practices, and guideline adherence among clinicians managing osteoporosis. Future studies should aim to further validate this instrument across different populations and settings, as well as explore methods to enhance its reliability and validity.
Comparative genomics of the extremophile Cryomyces antarcticus and other psychrophilic Dothideomycetes
Authors: Gomez-Gutierrrez Sandra V. , Sic-Hernandez Wily R. , Haridas Sajeet , LaButti Kurt , Eichenberger Joanne , Kaur Navneet , Lipzen Anna , Barry Kerrie , Goodwin Stephen B. , Gribskov Michael , Grigoriev Igor V.
Published: September 2024

Over a billion years of fungal evolution has enabled representatives of this kingdom to populate almost all parts of planet Earth and to adapt to some of its most uninhabitable environments including extremes of temperature, salinity, pH, water, light, or other sources of radiation. Cryomyces antarcticus is an endolithic fungus that inhabits rock outcrops in Antarctica. It survives extremes of cold, humidity and solar radiation in one of the least habitable environments on Earth. This fungus is unusual because it produces heavily melanized, meristematic growth and is thought to be haploid and asexual. Due to its growth in the most extreme environment, it has been suggested as an organism that could survive on Mars. However, the mechanisms it uses to achieve its extremophilic nature are not known. Comparative genomics can provide clues to the processes underlying biological diversity, evolution, and adaptation. This effort has been greatly facilitated by the 1000 Fungal Genomes project and the JGI MycoCosm portal where sequenced genomes have been assembled into phylogenetic and ecological groups representing different projects, lifestyles, ecologies, and evolutionary histories. Comparative genomics within and between these groups provides insights into fungal adaptations, for example to extreme environmental conditions. Here, we analyze two Cryomyces genomes in the context of additional psychrophilic fungi, as well as non-psychrophilic fungi with diverse lifestyles selected from the MycoCosm database. This analysis identifies families of genes that are expanded and contracted in Cryomyces and other psychrophiles and may explain their extremophilic lifestyle. Higher GC contents of genes and of bases in the third positions of codons may help to stabilize DNA under extreme conditions. Numerous smaller contigs in C. antarcticus suggest the presence of an alternative haplotype that could indicate the sequenced isolate is diploid or dikaryotic. These analyses provide a first step to unraveling the secrets of the extreme lifestyle of C. antarcticus.
Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive critical review
Authors: Oliveira Jamile Barboza de , Silva Saulo Brito , Fernandes Igor Lima , Batah Sabrina Setembre , Herrera Andrea Jazel Rodriguez , Cetlin Andrea de Cássia Vernier Antunes , Fabro Alexandre Todorovic
Published: September 2024

Despite treatment advances through immunotherapies, including anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies, the overall prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains poor, underscoring the need for novel approaches that offer long-term clinical benefit. This review examined the literature on the subject over the past 20 years to provide an update on the evolving landscape of dendritic cell-based immunotherapy to treat NSCLC, highlighting the crucial role of dendritic cells (DCs) in immune response initiation and regulation. These cells encompass heterogeneous subsets like cDC1s, cDC2s, and pDCs, capable of shaping antigen presentation and influencing T cell activation through the balance between the Th1, Th2, and Th17 profiles and the activation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg). The intricate interaction between DC subsets and the high density of intratumoral mature DCs shapes tumor-specific immune responses and impacts therapeutic outcomes. DC-based immunotherapy shows promise in overcoming immune resistance in NSCLC treatment. This article review provides an update on key clinical trial results, forming the basis for future studies to characterize the role of different types of DCs in situ and in combination with different therapies, including DC vaccines.
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wan Haixiang , Weng Songqin , Sheng Sumei , Kuang Zilin , Wang Qingming , Hu Linhui
Published: September 2024

Background

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T therapy) has demonstrated significant efficacy in the ZUMA-2 study. After regulatory approvals, several clinical trials and real-world studies on CAR-T therapy for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (R/R MCL) were conducted. However, data on clinical safety and efficacy are inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of the effectiveness and safety of CAR-T therapy across a wider and more representative cohort of patients with R/R MCL.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on patients with R/R MCL who received CAR-T cell therapy. Data were extracted and consolidated, with primary focus on the evaluation of safety and efficacy outcome measures. This study has not been registered with PROSPERO.

Results

This meta-analysis identified and included 16 studies with 984 patients. The pooled estimate for overall response rate (ORR) was 89%; complete remission (CR) rate was 74%. The 6-month and 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 69% and 53%, respectively, while the overall survival (OS) rates were 80% and 69%, respectively. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of grade 3 or higher was observed in 8% of patients, whereas neurotoxicity of grade 3 or higher was observed in 22% of patients. The risk of bias was assessed as low in 9 studies and moderate in 7 studies.

Conclusion

CAR-T therapy exhibited promising efficacy and manageable adverse reactions in patients with R/R MCL.
Effect of propofol versus midazolam on short-term outcomes in patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Guo Taipu , Yang Zhenkun , Zhang Rui , Wang Zhi , Li Yize
Published: September 2024

Background

Propofol and midazolam are commonly used sedative drugs in mechanically ventilated patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). However, there is still a lack of relevant studies exploring the influence of midazolam and propofol on the prognosis of patients with Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury (S-AKI).

Patients and methods

A statistical analysis was conducted on 3,745 patients with S-AKI in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The patients’ baseline characteristics were grouped based on the use of either propofol or midazolam as sedatives. Cox proportional hazards models, logistic regression models, and subgroup analyses were used to compare the effects of propofol and midazolam on the short-term prognosis of S-AKI patients, including 30-day mortality, ICU mortality, and duration of mechanical ventilation.

Results

In the statistical analysis, a total of 3,745 patients were included, with 649 patients using midazolam and 3,096 patients using propofol. In terms of the 30-day mortality, compared to patients using midazolam, S-AKI patients using propofol had a lower ICU mortality (hazard ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.74, p < 0.001), lower 30-day mortality (hazard ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.47–0.67, p < 0.001), and shorter mechanical ventilation time (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.88, p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier curves showed lower survival probabilities in the midazolam group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that propofol was strongly protective of short-term prognosis in older, male, smaller SOFA score CCI score, no heart failure, and comorbid chronic kidney disease patients with S-AKI.

Conclusion

Compared to midazolam, propofol was considered a protective factor for short-term mortality risk and ICU mortality risk in S-AKI patients. Additionally, S-AKI patients using propofol had a lower risk of requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Overall, propofol may be more beneficial for the short-term prognosis of S-AKI patients compared to midazolam.
Robotics and AI into healthcare from the perspective of European regulation: who is responsible for medical malpractice?
Authors: De Micco Francesco , Grassi Simone , Tomassini Luca , Di Palma Gianmarco , Ricchezze Giulia , Scendoni Roberto
Published: September 2024

The integration of robotics and artificial intelligence into medical practice is radically revolutionising patient care. This fusion of advanced technologies with healthcare offers a number of significant benefits, including more precise diagnoses, personalised treatments and improved health data management. However, it is critical to address very carefully the medico-legal challenges associated with this progress. The responsibilities between the different players concerned in medical liability cases are not yet clearly defined, especially when artificial intelligence is involved in the decision-making process. Complexity increases when technology intervenes between a person’s action and the result, making it difficult for the patient to prove harm or negligence. In addition, there is the risk of an unfair distribution of blame between physicians and healthcare institutions. The analysis of European legislation highlights the critical issues related to the attribution of legal personality to autonomous robots and the recognition of strict liability for medical doctors and healthcare institutions. Although European legislation has helped to standardise the rules on this issue, some questions remain unresolved. We argue that specific laws are needed to address the issue of medical liability in cases where robotics and artificial intelligence are used in healthcare.
Utility of next-generation sequencing in identifying congenital erythrocytosis in patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis
Authors: Anžej Doma Saša , Kraljić Nika , Kristan Aleša , Debeljak Nataša , Maver Aleš , Pajič Tadej , Preložnik Zupan Irena
Published: September 2024

Background

Congenital erythrocytosis (CE) is increasingly recognized as the cause of erythrocytosis in patients in whom polycythemia vera and secondary acquired causes have been excluded. The aim of our study was to determine possible genetic background in patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis.

Methods

40 patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis, referred to our institution in a 5-year period, were analyzed. We collected data on erythropoietin (Epo) levels, hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), erythrocyte count, age, gender, past thrombotic events, concomitant diseases, and smoking status. CE was tested using next-generation sequencing (NGS), in the majority of patients also measurement of P50 and Hgb electrophoresis were performed. Patients with signs of iron overload were tested for genetic variants in the HFE gene.

Results

The median patient age at analysis was 46.5 years (range 22–73), with 37 out of 40 being males (93 %). The median Hgb, Hct and red blood cells count were 180 g/L, 0.51, 5.985 x 1012/L in men and 171 g/L, 0.50 and 5.68 x 1012/L in women, respectively. Epo levels were decreased in three, increased in one patient and within the normal range in the rest (median 7.55 mIU/mL; range 2.90–19.50). Eight patients (20 %) smoked. 32 (80 %) were treated with low-dose aspirin, and 20 (50 %) underwent at least one phlebotomy. Thromboembolic events were recorded in 2 patients (5 %). P50 was measured in 20 out of 40 patients, and it was above 24 mm Hg (3.12 kPa) in all of them. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed in 73 % of patients, with no abnormal Hgb detected. Variants in the HFE gene were found in 8 out of 40 patients (20 %), but in only one patient the results were associated with an increased risk for hemochromatosis. Although no pathogenic variants for CE were detected by NGS, two variants of uncertain significance, namely EGLN1 (NM_022051.2):c.1072C>T (p.(Pro358Ser)) and EGLN1 (NM_022051.2):c.1124A>G (p.(Glu375Gly)) were identified as strong etiologic candidates.

Conclusion

CE is an extremely rare condition. Genetic testing is advised in young individuals with a long-standing persistent erythrocytosis, possibly with a family history and after exclusion of more frequent secondary causes and polycytemia vera.
A potential allosteric inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) identified through metastable state analysis
Authors: Fatima Asma , Geethakumari Anupriya M. , Ahmed Wesam S. , Biswas Kabir H.
Published: September 2024

Anti-COVID19 drugs, such as nirmatrelvir, have been developed targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, Mpro, based on the critical requirement of its proteolytic processing of the viral polyproteins into functional proteins essential for viral replication. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with Mpro mutations has raised the possibility of developing resistance against these drugs, likely due to therapeutic targeting of the Mpro catalytic site. An alternative to these drugs is the development of drugs that target an allosteric site distant from the catalytic site in the protein that may reduce the chance of the emergence of resistant mutants. Here, we combine computational analysis with in vitro assay and report the discovery of a potential allosteric site and an allosteric inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Specifically, we identified an Mpro metastable state with a deformed catalytic site harboring potential allosteric sites, raising the possibility that stabilization of this metastable state through ligand binding can lead to the inhibition of Mpro activity. We then performed a computational screening of a library (∼4.2 million) of drug-like compounds from the ZINC database and identified several candidate molecules with high predicted binding affinity. MD simulations showed stable binding of the three top-ranking compounds to the putative allosteric sites in the protein. Finally, we tested the three compounds in vitro using a BRET-based Mpro biosensor and found that one of the compounds (ZINC4497834) inhibited the Mpro activity. We envisage that the identification of a potential allosteric inhibitor of Mpro will aid in developing improved anti-COVID-19 therapy.
Effect of BF839 + earthworm protein supplement on motor and some non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zeng Ting , Lin Chuhui , Deng Yuhong , Zhu Weiwen
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Some studies have found that probiotics have the potential to treat PD, and earthworm protein is a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of PD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Bacteroides fragilis 839 (BF839) + earthworm protein supplement as an adjunctive therapy for PD and to observe changes in the gut microbiota.

Methods

Forty-six patients with PD were recruited for a 12-week 1:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate changes in motor and some non-motor symptom scores and detect metagenomic changes in the gut microbiota.

Results

From baseline to 12 weeks, compared with placebo, the trial group showed significant reductions in the United Parkinson’s Disease Rate Scale (UPDRS) total score (−7.74 ± 5.92 vs. –1.83 ± 4.14, p < 0.001), UPDRS part I (−0.72 ± 0.81 vs. –0.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.026), UPDRS part II (−2.50 ± 2.24 vs. –0.22 ± 1.98, p = 0.001), UPDRS part III (−3.43 ± 3.42 vs. –1.33 ± 2.65, p = 0.024), and UPDRS part IV (−1.13 ± 1.19 vs. –0.15 ± 0.57, p = 0.001). Significant reductions in the Hamilton Depression Scale-24 score (−3.91 ± 3.99 vs. +1.15 ± 3.42, p < 0.001), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores (−7.04 ± 5.71 vs. –1.23 ± 2.34, p < 0.001), and Constipation scoring system scores (−8.59 ± 4.75 vs. 0.27 ± 1.24, p < 0.001), were also noted. In the trial group, one patient experienced mild eczema and one suffered low blood pressure, which could not be conclusively attributed to supplementation. Compared to the placebo group, the trial group showed a marked increase in Enterococcus faecium and a decrease in Klebsiella.

Conclusion

This study is the first to report that probiotics plus earthworm protein can remarkably improve the motor and some non-motor symptoms of PD without serious adverse effects. However, further clinical trials and exploration of the underlying mechanisms are required.

Clinical trial registration

Clinical trial registry http://www.chictr.org.cn/, Identification No: ChiCTR2000035122.
Advances and trends in the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy for pediatric assessments: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gao Lin , Lin Qianqi , Tian Dong , Zhu Siying , Tai Xiantao
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective is to elucidate the collaboration and current research status in the pediatric field of fNIRS using bibliometric analysis, and to discuss future directions.

Method

Bibliometric analysis was conducted on publications related to pediatric fNIRS research published before June 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collection using VOSviewer software and R language.

Results

A total of 761 documents were retrieved, published by 2,686 authors from 893 institutions across 44 countries in 239 journals. The number of publications has significantly increased since 2012. The United States is the country with the highest number of publications, University College London is the institution with the most publications, Lloyd-Fox Sarah is the author with the most publications and significant influence, and “Neurophotonics” is the journal with the most publications. The current hotspots mainly involve using fNIRS to study executive functions and autism spectrum disorders in children.

Conclusion

The study provides useful reference information for researchers by analyzing publication numbers, collaborative networks, publishing journals, and research hotspots. In the future, there should be an emphasis on enhancing interdisciplinary and international collaboration to collectively dedicate efforts toward the advancement of fNIRS technology and the standardization of research.