bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Assessment of Soil Salinization due to Tomato Cultivation in Mediterranean Climate Conditions
Authors: Libutti Angela , Cammerino Anna Rita Bernadette , Monteleone Massimo
Published: September 2018

Mediterranean climate is marked by arid climate conditions in summer, therefore, crop irrigation is crucial to sustain plant growth and productivity in this season. If groundwater is utilized for irrigation, an impressive water pumping is needed to satisfy crop water requirements at catchment scale. Consequently, irrigation water quality gets worse, specifically considering groundwater salinization near the coastal areas due to seawater intrusion, also triggering soil salinization.
With reference to an agricultural coastal area in the Mediterranean basin (Southern Italy), close to the Adriatic sea, an assessment of soil salinization risk due to processing tomato cultivation was carried out. A simulation model was arranged to perform, on daily basis, a water and salt balance along the soil profile. Long-term weather data and soil physical parameters representative of the considered area were utilized in applying the model, also considering three salinity levels of irrigation water.
Based on the climatic analysis performed and the model outputs, the probability of soil salinity came out very high, such as to seriously threaten tomato yield. Autumn-winter rainfall resulted frequently insufficient to leach excess salts away from the soil profile and reach sustainable conditions of tomato cultivation. Therefore, alternative cropping strategies were prospected.
Primary Female Urethral Cancer：A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Guan Yupeng , Yu Gang , Tang Qianyun , Zhou Huan , Bai Zhiming
Published: September 2018

Primary urethral malignancies are rare in clinical practice and elderly female are prone to suffer. The cause of PUC is unknown and may be related to long-term chronic inflammation, infection, sexual intercourse, pregnancy and irritation of the urethra. Incipient symptom of PUC is not distinctness and can easily lead to misdiagnosis. The final diagnosis relied on transvaginal ultrasound-guided mass biopsy and urethral biopsy. Early tumor treatment is mainly based on surgical resection. For advanced tumors, it is recommended to adopt a comprehensive treatment plan combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy We report this case with the aim of bringing attention to that primary urethral cancer progresses rapidly and has a poor prognosis, it is urged to call for a need of diagnostic and treatment specification.
The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janow Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: a Population-Based Study
Authors: Nowicki Grzegorz Józef , Ślusarska Barbara , Piasecka Honorata , Bartoszek Agnieszka , Kocka Katarzyna , Deluga Alina
Published: September 2018

Perfect cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3,901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66–0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels were found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country’s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.
القواعد الخمسة الكبرى في باب العبادات من كتاب إعانة الطالبين للسيد البكري
Authors: Munawaroh Lathifah
Published: September 2018

ملخص

إن لدراسة القواعد الفقهية أهمية كثيرة. وقال الزركشي مؤكدا لأهمية القواعد الفقهية: "وهذه قواعد تضبط للفقيه أصول المذهب وتطلعه من مآخذ الفقه على نهاية المطلب وتنظم عقده المنثور في سلك وتستخرج له ما يدخل تحت سلك". (الزركشي. 1985: ج 1 ص 65). .يقول السيوطي  بعد أن بين أهمية الفقه موضحا أهمية القواعد الفقهية: "...ولقد نوعوا هذا الفقه فنونا وأنواعا وتطاولوا في استنباطه يدا وباعا وكان من أجل أنواعه : معرفة نظائر الفروع وأشباهها، وضم المفردات إلى أخواتها وإشكالها...". (السيوطي. 1990: 4). بهذا يتبين أن للقواعد أهمية كثيرة في تيسير الفقه الإسلامي حيث تجمع الفروع الكثيرة وتجمع شتاتها في سلك واحد تحت قاعدة واحدة. وفي فهم القواعد الفقهية تيسير على المفتين والفقهاء وطلاب العلم ضبط الفقه بأحكامه، لأن حفظ جزيئات وفروع أمر في غاية الصعوبة، أما حفظ القواعد ففيه يسر. وكذلك دراسة القواعد الفقهية تكون لدى الباحث والطالب ملكة فقهية تجعله قادرا على التخريج لمعرفة الأحكام الشرعية، وذلك لان القواعد الفقهية وسيلة لاستحضار الأحكام. ومن هنا تكمن أهمية البحث حول القواعد الفقهية. كما أن هذا البحث يتناول القواعد الفقهية التي استخدمها مؤلف كتاب إعانة الطالبين في باب العبادات: الصلاة والصيام والزكاة والحج. فالكتاب مهم في المذهب الشافعي، كما أن الكتاب منتشر بشكل واسع وقاموا بتدريسه في المعاهد الإسلامية في إندونيسيا. فالقواعد الفقهية الخمسة تعتبر من القواعد الفقهية في غاية الأهمية لما تشمل في كثير من أبواب الفقه بل وفي كلها. وهذه القواعد الفقهية الخمسة قيل عنها: إن الفقه كله مبني عليها، وهي: الأمور بمقاصدها، اليقين لا يزول بالشك، المشقة تجلب التيسير، الضرر يزال، وقاعدة العادة محكمة.

 

 
Surface Photometry of Spiral Galaxy NGC 5005 and Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4278
Authors: Adnan Zahraa , Ahmed Abdullah K.
Published: September 2018

Two galaxies have been chosen, spiral galaxy NGC 5005 and elliptical galaxy NGC 4278 to study their photometric properties by using surface photometric techniques with griz-Filters. Observations are obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The data reduction of all images have done, like bias and flat field, by SDSS pipeline. The overall structure of the two galaxies (a bulge, a disk), together with isophotal contour maps, surface brightness profiles and a bulge/disk decomposition of the galaxy images were performed, although the disk position angle, ellipticity and inclination of the galaxies have been estimated.
Laser Improves Biogas Production by Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Dung
Authors: Majeed Munaf S. , Nafil Rabea Q. , Alfahed R. k. Fakher
Published: September 2018

This study investigates the digestion of cow dung (CD) for biogas production at laboratory scales. The study was carried out through anaerobic fermentation using cow dung as substrate. The digester was operated at ambient temperatures of 39.5 °C for a period of 10 days. The effect of iron powder in controlling the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been tested. The optimum concentration of iron powder was 4g/L with the highest biogas production. A Q – swatch Nd:YAG laser has been used to mix and homogenize the components of one of the six digesters and accelerate digestion. At the end of digestion, all digestions effluent was subjected to 5 laser pulses with 250mJ/pules to dispose waste biomass.
St-Polyform Modules and Related Concepts
Authors: Ahmed Muna Abbas
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we introduce a new concept named St-polyform modules, and show that the class of St-polyform modules is contained properly in the well-known classes; polyform, strongly essentially quasi-Dedekind and ?-nonsingular modules. Various properties of such modules are obtained. Another characterization of St-polyform module is given. An existence of St-polyform submodules in certain class of modules is considered. The relationships of St-polyform with some related concepts are investigated. Furthermore, we introduce other new classes which are; St-semisimple and ?-non St-singular modules, and we verify that the class of St-polyform modules lies between them.
Escala Basada en la Experiencia de Inseguridad Alimentaria (FIES) en Colombia, Guatemala y México
Authors: Garzón-Orjuela Nathaly , Melgar-Quiñonez Hugo , Eslava-Schmalbach Javier
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. Comparar las características psicométricas de la Escala de Experiencia de Inseguridad Alimentaria (FIES, en inglés Food Insecurity Experience Scale) y el grado de similitud o diferencias entre Colombia, Guatemala y México durante tres años. Material y métodos. Estudio de comparación psicométrica a través del modelo Rasch, calculando la seve­ridad relativa, el ajuste próximo (INFIT) y funcionamiento diferencial (c-DIF) para cada ítem de la FIES. Resultados. La mayoría de los ítems mostraron una severidad relativa correspondiente al constructo teórico y un ajuste aceptable al modelo (INFIT=0.7-1.3). No se observaron valores de c-DIF en la comparación hombres vs mujeres por encima de 1.0 logit; y en la comparación entre países por año, 87% de los ítems estuvieron por debajo del valor de 0.5 logit. Conclusiones. La FIES presenta las características psi­cométricas correspondientes al constructo teórico de la herramienta. Futuros estudios, incluyendo más países y más puntos temporales, son esenciales para evaluar la severidad relativa, comportamiento y distribución de los ítems.
Participación social y salud: una experiencia colaborativa sobre la enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Mercado-Martínez Francisco J , Madrigal-Vargas Paulina , Sánchez-Pimienta Carlos E
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. Identificar los obstáculos derivados de la insufi­ciencia renal, las alternativas de solución y el plan de acción. Material y métodos. A partir de un modelo colaborativo, diversos actores sociales –individuos enfermos, familiares, asociaciones civiles, profesionales de salud y académicos– participaron en dos encuentros en Guadalajara, México con motivo del Día Mundial del Riñón y elaboraron un plan de acción. La información se obtuvo mediante grupos de discu­sión. Resultados. Los individuos enfermos y sus familias enfrentan dos problemas prioritarios: uno relacionado con los servicios de salud y el otro con la carencia de recursos para el pago de las terapias renales. El plan de acción incluyó marchas en plazas públicas, colocación de altares de muer­tos, elaboración de material audiovisual y publicación de un libro. Conclusión. La participación de diversos actores es una opción valiosa para enfrentar desafíos derivados de la insuficiencia renal.
Diseño y validación de un score para detectar adultos con prediabetes y diabetes no diagnosticada
Authors: Rojas-Martínez Rosalba , Escamilla-Núñez Consuelo , Gómez-Velasco Donaji V , Zárate-Rojas Emiliano , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A , Para estimar la incidencia del síndrome metabólico Grupo colaborador de la cohorte
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. Diseñar y validar un score de riesgo de fácil apli­cación para detectar prediabetes y diabetes no diagnosticada en población mexicana. Material y métodos. Empleando la información del estudio de cohorte de 10 234 adultos del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), se identificaron factores de riesgo incluidos en modelos de regresión logística múltiple estrati­ficados por sexo. Los coeficientes beta fueron multiplicados por 10 para obtener el peso de cada variable en el score. Una submuestra de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 se usó para validar el score. Resultados. El score propuesto clasificó correctamente 55.4% a las mujeres con diabetes no diagnosticada y 57.2% a las mujeres con prediabetes o diabetes. Por su parte, clasificó correctamente a los hombres en 68.6 y 69.9%, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Presentamos el diseño y validación de un score de riesgo estratificado por sexo para determinar si un adulto podría tener prediabetes o diabetes, en cuyo caso deberán realizarse estudios de laboratorio para confirmar o descartar el diagnóstico.
Validación psicométrica de instrumento para evaluar contexto de mejora de calidad y acreditación de hospitales
Authors: Zapata-Vanegas Mario , Saturno Hernández Pedro J
Published: September 2018

Objetivo. Adaptar y validar instrumento para medir elemen­tos del contexto que pueden favorecer iniciativas de mejora­miento de la calidad y acreditación de hospitales. Material y métodos. Se adaptó y validó modelo y cuestionario Model for Understanding Success in Quality (MUSIQ) para aplicación en países hispanoparlantes y uso específico para proyectos de acreditación de hospitales. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio (test de Bartlett e índice Kaiser-Meyer-Olkim) del constructo teórico de sus dimensiones y se comprueba consistencia interna en estudio realizado en muestra de 54 hospitales de mediana y alta complejidad en Colombia. Re­sultados. Instrumento con cuatro dimensiones de contexto (ambiente, macrosistema, microsistema, equipo de calidad), compuestas por 23 elementos medidos a través de 35 va­riables. El análisis factorial mostró significancia estadística y adecuación de las dimensiones que tuvieron también buena consistencia interna. Conclusión. Instrumento adaptado con utilidad para monitorizar elementos del contexto que pueden favorecer iniciativas de mejora y acreditación en hospitales.
La reciente sindemia de VIH y drogas inyectadas en Hermosillo, Sonora y cómo hacerle frente a través de una política pública de reducción de daños
Authors: Ospina-Escobar Angélica , Magis-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: September 2018

[No disponible]
La implicancia del reordenamiento genético en el diagnóstico y la epidemiología del virus Oropuche en el Perú
Authors: Atamari-Anahui Noé , Ccorahua-Ríos Maycol Suker , Cabrera-Enríquez John A. , Vilcarromero Stalin
Published: September 2018

[No disponible]
Nuevos productos de tabaco, una amenaza para el control de tabaco y la salud pública de México
Authors: Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Inti , Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Arillo-Santillán Edna
Published: September 2018

Los nuevos productos de tabaco, entre los que se incluyen los cigarros electrónicos (denominados “E Cigs”, “e-hookahs”, “mods”, “vape-pens”), los sistemas electrónicos de admi­nistración de nicotina (SEAN), los sistemas similares sin nicotina (SSSN) y los sistemas alternativos de consumo de nicotina (SACN), incursionan en el mercado global con un discurso de reducción del daño y minimización del riesgo. Este manuscrito resume la evidencia científica y una propuesta regulatoria sobre esta innovación tecnológica, con el fin de orientar la toma de decisiones de legisladores, instituciones gubernamentales y la sociedad civil organizada. La evidencia científica concluye que no existe un producto de tabaco seguro para la salud; la naturaleza adictiva de la nicotina y los daños a la salud causados en niños, adolescentes y mujeres embarazadas constituyen el argumento fundamental. Estos nuevos productos promueven la transición al consumo de cigarros combustibles y no han demostrado eficacia para la cesación tabáquica; por el contrario, promueven el uso dual. Toda regulación debe formularse sin la intervención de los fabricantes o instituciones con conflicto de interés y en el marco de la implementación completa e integral del Con­venio Marco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el Control del Tabaco.
Curriculum Development Through Creative Lesson Plan
Authors: Baharun Hasan , Adhimiy Syafiqiyah
Published: September 2018

Abstrak: Paper ini menyajikan kajian tentang Pengembangan Kurikulum Melalui Lesson Plan Kreatif. Kurikulum berusaha menerjemahkan tujuan pendidikan sekaligus tujuan dari pengembangan manusia suatu bangsa ke dalam konsep-konsep yang sistematis. Dengan harapan agar pendidikan bias dilaksanakan lebih terarah sehingga bisa efektif dan efisien. Salah satu cara untuk menerapkan pengembangan kurikulum adalah menggunakan lesson plan kreatif. Selama ini guru yang mengajar hanya terpaku pada silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) yang stagnan. Setumpuk Operasional prosedur yang hanya memuat model, strategi pembelajaran yang apa adanya. Dengan menggunakan silabus dan RPP yang ada tanpa ada pengembangan, maka selamanya proses pembelajaran tidak akan berhasil meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, apalagi di zaman milenial yang menuntut guru serba tau dan kreatif menyajikan materi. Maka adanya lesson plan kreatif menjadi jawaban bagi para guru bahkan juga sekolah. ملخص: عرض هذا المقال الدراسة عن تطوير المنهج الدراسي عن طريقLesson Plan   الابتكاريّ. والمنهج الدراسي هو ترجمة عن أهداف التربية وأهداف تطوير الإنسان في شعب من الشعوب في شكل مفهومات منظّمة، بهدف أن تجرى التربية أكثر موجّهة وفعاليّة.  وإحدى الوسائل لتطبيق تطوير المنهج هي باستعمال lesson plan الابتكاري . وفي الواقع الآن، كان المدرس – في تدريسه – يعتمد كثيرا على المقرر الدراسيّ وخطة التدريس الثابتة. ثمة تطبيقات إجراءات تشتمل على النموذج واستراتيجية التعليم العادية. وبهذا المقرر الدراسي الحالي وخطة التعليم الموجودة – بدون التطوير – فإن ذلك لا ينجح في ترقية دافع الطلاب في التعلّم، وعلاوة على ذلك فإن الآن عصر ألفيّ يقتضي المعلّم أكثر علما وابتكارا في تقديم المادة. لذا فإن lesson plan الابتكاري هو الحل للمعلمين والمدارس في هذه القضية.
Micro‐Granulated Starter Fertilizer Effects on Growth and Productivity of Winter Oilseed Rape
Authors: Jankowski Krzysztof J. , Sokólski Mateusz , Bogucka Bożena , Dubis Bogdan
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Micro‐granulated starter fertilizer enhances crop growth in autumn.

Micro‐granulated starter fertilizer increases the yield of autumn biomass.

Micro‐granulated starter fertilizer increases overwintering success.

Micro‐granulated starter fertilizer increases nutrient uptake.

Micro‐granulated starter fertilizer increases seed and straw yields.

The effectiveness of starter or band application of fertilizers may improve the response to in‐season fertilizer application. This technique reduces fertilizer costs and minimizes environmental risks through decreased nutrient stratification, reduced nutrient emissions to surface water, ground water, and the atmosphere. This paper presents the results of a 3‐yr study investigating the effects of a micro‐granulated starter fertilizer (MSF) applied in the seed zone on the autumn growth, overwintering success, and biomass yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The study was performed at the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny (northeastern Poland) from 2012 to 2015. The MSF did not compromise seedling emergence, it increased the dry matter (DM) content of rosette leaves by 15 to 24% (without influencing taproot length or weight) in autumn, and contributed to a 6% increase in the overwintering success of oilseed rape. The MSF increased seed yield (by 0.26–0.44 Mg ha−1), lowered the harvest index (from 0.401 to 0.380) and decreased root biomass yield (by 0.51–0.69 Mg ha−1). The use of the MSF reduced or even eliminated the need for conventional pre‐sowing NPK fertilizer without exerting adverse effects on the overwintering success or the yield of winter oilseed rape. The application of the MSF during sowing reduces fertilization costs and minimizes environmental hazards.
Wheat Productivity and Economic Implications of Biochar and Inorganic Nitrogen Application
Authors: Shahzad Khurram , Abid Muhammad , Sintim Henry Y.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Nitrogen loss in wheat production systems in Multan, Pakistan is a major problem.

Biochar application with inorganic N improved wheat yield, quality, and N uptake.

Biochar from poultry waste was more beneficial than biochar from green waste.

Biochar was not economically profitable in the short term due to high application rates and cost.

Nitrogen loss via volatilization, leaching, and surface runoff is a major problem in coarse‐textured and alkaline soils of Multan, Pakistan, impacting the economic and environmental sustainability of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) production systems in the region. Soil amendments with biochar in combination with optimal levels of inorganic N could improve wheat productivity, but sustainable adoption will depend on economic profitability. We evaluated the effects of biochar produced from green waste (GW‐450) and poultry waste (PW‐450) feedstock and different rates of inorganic N (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1) on wheat productivity and economic profitability. The PW‐450 improved wheat yield, quality, and nutrient uptake compared with the GW‐450, which was attributed to a lower C/N ratio and higher essential nutrients and specific surface area that enhanced adsorption properties of the former. Soil amendments with biochar in combination with inorganic N improved wheat grain yield, quality, and N uptake over non‐amended soils. On average, biochar increased wheat grain yield, protein content, and N uptake by 55 to 355 kg ha−1, 3.7 to 6.9 g kg−1, and 15 to 41 kg ha−1, respectively. Despite the benefits of biochar on wheat yield, it was not economically profitable within the two growing seasons due to high application rates and price. However, the effects of biochar may last longer and potentially make biochar profitable in the long term. Overall, biochar holds promise for use in the wheat cropping system in Multan, Pakistan; further studies are recommended to better elucidate its benefit in the long term.
Expanding Wetland Mitigation: Can Rice Fields Remediate Pesticides in Agricultural Runoff?
Authors: Moore Matthew T. , Locke Martin A. , Cullum Robert F.
Published: September 2018

Pesticides are responsible for nearly 1900 water quality impairments in the United States. Impacts of pesticide runoff on aquatic ecosystems can be mitigated by implementing management practices such as constructed wetlands, grass buffers, and vegetated ditches. A new practice currently being examined is the use of rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields for phytoremediation of pesticide‐contaminated water. Rice is cultivated on every continent except Antarctica and is the staple food crop of 20% of the world's population. Four flooded 244‐m2 fields (two planted with rice, two left bare) were amended with a mixture of atrazine (C8H14ClN5), diazinon (C12H21N2O3PS), and permethrin (C21H20Cl2O3) during a one‐time simulated storm event, and pesticide concentrations and loads were monitored in water, sediment, and plant samples. The experiment was repeated the following year. Significant differences were noted for mitigation of atrazine and diazinon loads in rice versus bare systems. Overall, atrazine loads in the water of rice systems decreased 85 ± 8% from inflow to outflow, while atrazine loads in the water of bare systems decreased 58 ± 7%. Similar patterns were seen for diazinon (86 ± 4% versus 62 ± 7%), cis‐permethrin (94 ± 2% versus 64 ± 12%), and trans‐permethrin (97 ± 2% versus 67 ± 14%). All three pesticides were found repeatedly sorbed to plant material in the inflow and outflow areas during the first year, while the second year resulted in much less plant‐pesticide contribution to overall mitigation. Further investigation is needed to compare rice's mitigation capacity of different pesticide classes, as well as potential transfer of pesticides to edible seeds.

Core Ideas

Atrazine and diazinon loads significantly decreased in systems containing rice.

Permethrin loads decreased in rice systems but also sorbed to unvegetated sediment.

Rice may have the potential to remove pesticides from water column and serve as a food crop.
Reactions of Phosphorus Fertilizers with and without a Fertilizer Enhancer in Three Acidic Soils with High Phosphorus‐Fixing Capacity
Authors: Pierzynski Joy , Hettiarachchi Ganga M.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Greater movement of P was observed for the P liquid treatments than for the granular treatments.

The addition of a fertilizer enhancement product (FEP) did not consistently increase P mobility in the soils.

The effects of the P source and the FEP added on the lability and speciation of P in the soils were variable.

Phosphorus lability was enhanced when Fe‐adsorbed P species was prevalent in the fertilized section.

Limited P availability for plants in acidic soils is one of the key factors limiting crop production in many areas of the world. In this study, we investigated the mobility and availability of P in three different soil types (an Oxisol, an Andisol, and an Ultisol) and the fertilizer reaction products formed from three fertilizers: monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Additionally, we compared the effects of the fertilizers alone and enhanced with a fertilizer enhancement product (FEP) in the three soils. Soils were incubated for 5 wk in Petri dishes under seven treatments: each fertilizer with and without FEP, plus the unfertilized control. After incubation, soil samples were collected at varying distances from the point of P application. Measurements included soil pH, total P, resin‐extractable P, scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis of the P granules, and P reaction products measured via X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Phosphorus mobility with granular fertilizers was limited in the three soils but was enhanced in two for the liquid P treatments. The addition of FEP did not increase P mobility. Phosphorus source had variable effects on P lability for the three soils. The FEP produced greater P lability when combined with APP for one soil. Speciation influenced P lability in the soils in that increased Fe‐ and Fe‐adsorbed P increased P extractability. There was not a consistent benefit of adding the FEP on the acidic high P‐fixing soils.
High Soil Test Phosphorus Effect on Corn Yield
Authors: Wortmann Charles , Shapiro Charles , Shaver Tim , Mainz Michael
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

High soil test P levels are often recommended for high yield corn.

Many states recommend a deficiency correction approach for P application.

Application of P to replace removal in the previous harvest was marginally superior.

Maintenance of Bray‐1 P at > 25 ppm was not justified.

Phosphorus removal in crop harvest has increased as yields have increased. Fertilizer P use guidelines are based on calibrations often developed for much lower yield levels and may need recalibration. Corn yields may be greater with higher than recommended soil test P when springs are relatively wet and cool. Research was conducted across 12 irrigated and five rainfed site‐years in Nebraska with initial Bray‐1 P ≤ 11 mg kg–1 to evaluate P application strategies for yield and P uptake of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) with and without tillage. The fertilizer P treatments were maintained on the same plots and included: (i) no P applied (0P); (ii) P applied according to the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln deficiency correction recommendation (UNL_P); (iii) P applied to replace P removed in the previous harvest (Replace_P); (iv) Bray‐1 P increased and maintained at 25 mg kg–1 (Bray_25); and (v) Bray‐1 P increased and maintained at 35 mg kg–1 (Bray_35). Interactions of P practice with other factors were not significant indicating consistency of P practice effects across varied climate conditions near planting and plant emergence. Grain yield was 9.3% and 0.89 Mg ha–1 more with the P‐applied treatments compared with 0P. Grain yield was 3.3% more due to the additional 5.9 kg ha–1 yr–1 P applied with Replace_P compared with UNL_P. Grain yield did not differ for Replace‐P, Bray_25, and Bray_35. Plant P uptake was on average linearly increased by 0.27 kg kg–1 P applied. Fertilizer P application for continuous corn should be by Replace_P.
Measurement and Modeling of Longitudinal Dispersivity in Undisturbed Saturated Soil: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Chakraborty Poulamee , Das Bhabani Sankar
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

An experimental procedure is reported to estimate the tortuosity and longitudinal dispersivity values in the same intact soil core.

The dimensionless parameter (longitudinal dispersivity upon scale of measurement) is modelled as a function of tortuosity values.

The relationship between tortuosity and dispersivity is porous media dependent.

The dispersivity (λ) values of soil are extensively modeled as a function of the scale of measurement (Ls). The relationship between estimated tortuosity (τ) and longitudinal dispersivity (λL) for intact soil, however, is not reported. Since both τ and λL are properties of the porous media, we reported the relationship between them in this study. The λL was estimated from laboratory scale transport experiments using undisturbed soil spheres with τ ranging from 1.07 to 3.05. The dimensionless parameter λL/Ls follows a logarithmic relationship with τ (R2 = 0.87). Since λL is a function of both the geometry of the porous media and the microscopic variation of pore velocity, our result for the first time shows the nature of relationship between pore geometry (as captured by τ) and λL values. Such relationships may be built into flow and transport models to have an initial estimate of the dispersivities in soil.
Electromagnetic radiation of low intensity as a factor of change of phenolic compounds content
Authors: SHYSH Svetlana , MAZETS Zhanna , SHUTAVA Hanna , SYSHA Olga , GORGUN Yulia
Published: September 2018

The
influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on the content of
phenolic compounds (PC) in plants on different stages of ontogeny is discussed.
A medicinal plant (Calendula officinalis L.) and agricultural crop Fagopyrum
sagittatum G., diploid varieties and tetraploid varieties  were chosen as objects of study. Microwave
EMR in two frequency bands, 53.57-78.33 GHz (wide range mode) and 64.00-66.00
GHz (narrow range mode), has been selected to learn the physical effects on
seeds, with a treatment exposure time of 20, 12, or 8 min. The experiments were
conducted under laboratory and field conditions. Treated and control seeds were
germinated by 100 pcs in a growth chamber on moistened filter paper at 22–24˚C
in the dark and placed on the daylight from the third day. The level of PC in
the seedlings was measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. It was found that
in the EMR pretreated C. officinalis seedlings the level of PC is maximal on
14th day of germination. The wide mode treatment for 12 min results in a
two-fold increase in the level of PC in juvenile shoots with respect to
control. Different constitutional levels of phenolic compounds in the leaves of
diploid and tetraploid varieties of F. sagittatum in the most critical phases
of ontogeny were found. It is recommended to use EMR with a 12 min exposure
time for C. officinalis. The narrow frequency mode with an exposure time of 20 min
is preferable to use for most varieties of F. sagittatum.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation Found in Students’ Written Reflection in Play Performance Course
Authors: Nugrahani Veronica Esti
Published: September 2018

As other courses, motivation plays important role in Play Performance course. That motivation can be from the students themselves or other factors outside themselves. This study aimed to examine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of students’ learning in Play Performance course in English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University by analyzing their written reflection. There was one formulated research question: “To what extent is intrinsic and extrinsic motivation found in students’ written reflection in Play Performance course?” In this study, document or content analysis was employed. The researcher analyzed 41 students’ written reflection in Play Performance course to find the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The findings showed some types of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. For intrinsic motivation, there were 15 statements which expressed motivation of knowledge; 19 statements expressing motivation of accomplishment; and 38 statements expressed motivation of stimulation. Meanwhile, for extrinsic motivation, it was found 9 statements expressed motivation of external regulation; 1 statement expressed motivation of introjected regulation; and 2 statements of identified regulation.
Algumas memórias segundo Antonio Candido
Authors: Fávero Afonso Henrique
Published: September 2018

Acompanhamento de posições de Antonio Candido quanto a certas obras de cunho pessoal no âmbito da literatura brasileira. Procura-se trazer a primeiro plano a visada crítica aguda e certeira do estudioso. O artigo contempla também em seu início uma visão do desenvolvimento da literatura de memórias no Brasil
Antonio Candido: a dialética entre o local e o universal
Authors: Carvalho Candice
Published: September 2018

O artigo propõe delinear a concepção de literatura em Antonio Candido mediante uma leitura combinada da dialética entre o local e o universal em seus escritos. Num primeiro momento, o texto retraça a trajetória intelectual do crítico e enfoca alguns dos aspectos mais fecundos de seu projeto do ponto de vista do método e de seus fundamentos. Na sequência, analisam-se os procedimentos que alicerçam seu juízo acerca do romance de Guimarães Rosa.
Ecos de um passado emudecido: uma leitura do poema memórias das águas, de Diógenes da Cunha Lima
Authors: Silva Gabriella Kelmer de Menezes , Santos Derivaldo Dos
Published: September 2018

A partir de uma perspectiva comparatista e dialógica, tendo como referencial crítico e teórico o pensamento de Bakhtin (1997) e de Candido (1975), em que são colocadas lado a lado as produções literárias do presente e do passado, sob o paradigma da continuidade literária, lança-se um olhar à obra do autor potiguar Diógenes da Cunha Lima, Memórias das águas, de forma a contribuir com a expansão do interesse na literatura do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Tal perspectiva considera, de acordo com Antonio Candido, em Literatura e sociedade, a produção escrita e o contexto que a envolve, bem como a expressão literária em contraste com outras expressões. Para tanto, a análise adotou os seguintes procedimentos: a) estudo teórico da literatura a partir de uma perspectiva dialógica; b) estudo da literatura e sua articulação com a vida social, priorizando a leitura do texto poético; c) busca pelo estabelecimento de contextualizações entre as obras literárias e seus autores, sendo considerada, para isso, a produção local, em primeiro plano, e a relação desta com a produção nacional
Antonio Candido e o elogio da literatura
Authors: Falleiros Marcos Falchero
Published: September 2018

Tanto quanto Roland Barthes em O prazer do texto (1973) ou ainda em Aula (1977), Tzvetan Todorov em A literatura em perigo (2007) aparenta dedicar-se a uma espécie de recuo de seus vínculos e quiçá implicitamente apresentar um mea-culpa pelo papel preponderante que exerceu na implantação do estruturalismo na crítica literária – processo que causou uma tecnicização bastante funesta à fruição literária. Talvez mais que o sempre surpreendente e inquieto Barthes, Todorov pode ter causado com a publicação desse depoimento um saudável espanto em seus seguidores, ao alertar com irradiação retrospectiva que os andaimes para a construção de uma obra não podem substituí-la. Por outro lado, em palestra de 1988, no âmbito da discussão de direitos humanos, Antonio Candido não precisou passar pelos caminhos da presumida retratação ao falar sobre “O direito à literatura”. Talvez acuado pela ditadura militar e pela imposição do estruturalismo no meio acadêmico das letras, que comodamente livrava estudiosos aderentes da abordagem de conteúdos históricos da literatura, o crítico brasileiro brincou ironicamente com o estruturalismo em “Dialética da malandragem” (1970), apresentando um daqueles bonitos diagramas da escola, cheios de setinhas, justamente para reverter seus pressupostos e ensinar que a estrutura literária da forma é histórica. Assim, no auge do processo de redemocratização do país, na referida palestra Antonio Candido enfatizou com plena autoridade a importância da literatura como instrumento de humanização imprescindível.
Antonio Candido, leitor do Fausto
Authors: Mazzari Marcus Vinicius
Published: September 2018

Este texto aborda a presença do Fausto goethiano na obra crítica de Antonio Candido, principalmente na Formação da Literatura Brasileira (mas incursionando também pelo ensaio “O albatroz e o chinês”, publicado quase meio século depois). No centro do texto está a discussão da pertinência (ou não) em caracterizar o Fausto I, conforme se lê em Formação, como “o mais completo breviário do que a alma romântica tem para nós de essencial”.
Sob a égide da revolta – O Conde de Monte Cristo e a crítica de Antonio Candido
Authors: Teixeira Mona Lisa Bezerra
Published: September 2018

Antonio Candido em seu ensaio “Monte Cristo ou da vingança”, publicado em 1952, analisa os principais aspectos que caracterizam um herói romântico e utiliza, como figura central para sua reflexão, Edmond Dantès, o protagonista de O conde de Monte Cristo, de Alexandre Dumas. Mais adiante, publicaria novamente esse texto com alguns acréscimos, no seu livro Tese e antítese, em 1964, dando o nome de “Da Vingança”. Sem esquecer os grandes nomes da literatura europeia como Byron, Stendhal e Balzac, o crítico observa como a essência da narrativa é, por princípio, burguesa, e como a transformação de Dantès está ligada ao individualismo, traço marcante do movimento romântico, que resultará em contradições e vivências problemáticas desse personagem, um dos mais emblemáticos do escritor francês e da história da literatura ocidental
A poética hiper-regional do “sertão” de rosa no “chão” de Saramago
Authors: Araújo Peterson Martins Alves
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a verificação de que a estética regionalista não foi extinta das literaturas de língua portuguesa, mas se transformou em uma nova poética denominada hiper-regional (ou estética hiper-regionalista), tal como aponta Marli Fantini Scarpelli (2003). A metodologia utilizada para a verificação dessa poética (ou estética) foi a da Literatura Comparada – tomando como referências iniciais as obras Grande sertão: veredas de Guimarães Rosa e o Romance d’A Pedra do Reino de Ariano Suassuna para se verificar a presença de características semelhantes na obra Levantado do Chão de José Saramago. Nosso trabalho parte, inicialmente, das verificações de Antonio Candido em seu texto “Literatura e subdesenvolvimento” (CANDIDO, 1989), para se guiar principalmente pelas teorias de gênero literário e cronotopo de BAKHTIN (1998) e do neobarroquismo de Josina Nunes Drumond (2008). Com a finalidade de contribuir para a ampliação dos estudos literários ao fato regional que adquire caracteres universais – proposta maior dessa poética.
Ação e contingência em A condição humana de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Adverse Helton
Published: September 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar alguns aspectos da teoria da ação de Hannah Arendt à luz da noção de contingência. Centrando nossa análise no conceito de natalidade, mas também dando atenção ao conceito de imprevisibilidade da ação, pretendemos trilhar uma via que nos permita apreender certos traços distintivos de seu pensamento político.
Alienação, ideologia e verdade na obra de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Pereira Geraldo Adriano Emery
Published: September 2018

O artigo mostra o lugar da categoria arendtiana de alienação como um operador conceitual na compreensão dos conceitos de ideologia e verdade dos fatos. A noção de alienação permite situar num quadro conceitual a expressão "lógica de uma ideia", que marca o modo como Arendt delimita sua noção de ideologia. Da mesma forma quando vista em relação ao conceito de alienação, a narrativa da verdade dos fatos implica uma atuação de resistência frente ao estatuto moderno de verdade gestado no contexto das alienações modernas. Nesse sentido, a alienação figura como pano de fundo da construção dessas duas elaborações conceituais na obra arendtiana.
Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Reesink F.E. , García D. Vállez , Sánchez-Catasús C.A. , Peretti D.E. , Willemsen A.T. , Boellaard R. , Meles S.K. , Huitema R.B. , de Jong B.M. , Dierckx R.A. , De Deyn P.P.
Published: September 2018

Background:

We describe the phenomenon of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in four
subjects diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) according to the National Institute on Aging -
Alzheimer Association (NIA-AA) criteria, in combination with 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PiB PET imaging.

Methods:

18F-FDG PET showed a pattern of cerebral metabolism with relative decrease most prominent
in the frontal-parietal cortex of the left hemisphere and crossed hypometabolism of the right cerebellum.
11C-PiB PET showed symmetrical amyloid accumulation, but a lower relative tracer delivery (a
surrogate of relative cerebral blood flow) in the left hemisphere. CCD is the phenomenon of unilateral
cerebellar hypometabolism as a remote effect of supratentorial dysfunction of the brain in the contralateral
hemisphere. The mechanism implies the involvement of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar fibers. The
pathophysiology is thought to have a functional or reversible basis but can also reflect in secondary
morphologic change. CCD is a well-recognized phenomenon, since the development of new imaging
techniques, although scarcely described in neurodegenerative dementias.

Results:

To our knowledge this is the first report describing CCD in AD subjects with documentation of
both 18F-FDG PET and 11C-PiB PET imaging. CCD in our subjects was explained on a functional basis
due to neurodegenerative pathology in the left hemisphere. There was no structural lesion and the
symmetric amyloid accumulation did not correspond with the unilateral metabolic impairment.

Conclusion:

This suggests that CCD might be caused by non-amyloid neurodegeneration. The pathophysiological
mechanism, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications of CCD and the role of the
cerebellum in AD need further investigation.
Investigation Of Reducing Omniscan Toxicity Using Intracellular And Targeted N-Acetylcysteine Lysine Complex
Authors: Hejazinia Hadi , Poonaki Elham , Elmi Mitra , Esfandiar Mohammad , Boroujeni Vala Vahedian , Assadi Artin , Ebrahimi Seyed Esmaeil Sadat , Hamedani Morteza Pirali , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee
Published: September 2018

Background:

The main issue is finding the most efficient method in the treatment of cancer in terms of early and accurate diagnostic. One of the most modern diagnostic techniques is imaging methods. The accuracy and detection speed of MRI and CT SCAN are high.

Methods:

The most important complication of iodinated contrast agents in medical imaging is severe renal toxicity Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF). In order to reduce the cytotoxicity of kidney cells caused by the usage of iodized contrast agents a complex agent should be designed. The two drugs which have been used for the synthesis of this compound are L -lysine amino acid and NAcetyl- Cysteine (NAC).

Results:

The synthesis of this complex due to two dimer molecules with each other and NAC greatly a helper for an antioxidant activity and L-lysine amino acid helps in drug entry into the cells. However, helping for an antioxidant activity heavily reinforce and eventually will successfully reduce the cytotoxicity. When its exposure to HEK 293 cell line (P<0.05). The reduction in toxicity at the dosage of 100 µM has been showed as the greatest reduction. The amount of renal toxicity was reported 40% in Omniscan.

Conclusion:

Omniscan was tested when iodinated contrast medium was combined with the synthesized 2NAC-LYS-OMNISCAN complex and the human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line. Then, the cytotoxicity was reduced to 10 %. On the other hand, the viability increased from 60 % to 90 %, or in other words, the cytotoxicity was reduced from 40 % to 10 %.
Smoking and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Golbidi Saeid , Edvinsson Lars , Laher Ismail
Published: September 2018

Cigarette smoking is one of the most important health concerns worldwide. Even though the rate of smoking is declining in developed countries, it is still experiencing growth in developing regions. Many studies have examined the relationship between smoking, as an established risk factor, and cardiovascular diseases. We provide an updated review of the underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced cardiovascular diseases, with a focus on the relationship between smoking and oxidative stress, particularly from the perspective of endothelial cell dysfunction. We review smoking-induced oxidative stress as a trigger for a generalized vascular inflammation associated with cytokine release, adhesion of inflammatory cells and, ultimately, disruption of endothelial integrity as a protective barrier layer. We also briefly discuss the harms related to the vaping of electronic cigarettes, which many erroneously consider as a safe alternative to smoking. We conclude that even though e-cigarette could be a helpful device during the transition period of cigarette quitting, it is by no means a safe substitute.
Identification of Candidate Biomarkers for HCV Leading to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Differential Stages From Serum Samples
Authors: Afroz Amber , Saleem Saba , Sughra Kalsoom , Khan Sabaz Ali , Zeeshan Nadia
Published: September 2018

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most deadly liver malignancy
found and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a prominent risk factor for this disease. Prognosis of HCC is poor;
initiate the need of markers to discover therapeutic targets in HCC.

Introduction:

Clinical staging systems of HCC composed of tumor characteristics along with liver
function test are important in prognosis but they are not precise. Molecular profiling can lead to a better
understanding of the physiopathology of HCC and can help in the development of novel therapeutic
approaches.

Methods:

64 HCC serum samples (shifted from HCV) were graded into stage I- IV; along with +ive (3
Hepatitis C) and -ive control (2 healthy persons). Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and differential mRNA expression from serum samples
of different HCC stages was confirmed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR).

Results:

HCC serum proteins displayed differential expression of glutathione s-transferase (GST),
glypican-3 (GPC3), vitronectin (VTN), and clusterin (CLU) by SDS-PAGE. GST was expressed in -ive
control, while GPC3 was found in both -ive and +ive control. The qPCR analysis, display more than
0.07 fold decrease in GST in I-IV HCC stages. The highest increase in HCC stages was observed by
GPC3; about 4 fold increase in I-IV stages. VTN show 1.7-3.4 fold; while CLU show 2-3.5 fold increase
in four stages of HCC.

Conclusion:

GPC3, VTN and CLU in combination can be good potential markers for differentiating
stages (I-IV) of HCC.