Az önvezető autózás kihívásai és biztonsági kérdései a digitális államban
Authors: Zöldy Máté , Szalay Zsolt , Török Árpád 
Published: February 2021

Összefoglalás. A XXI. század első felében a korábban sok évtizeden keresztül
lassan változó közlekedés gyorsított ütemben alakul át. Ez alatt a pár év alatt több
változás következik be, több kihívást kell leküzdeni, mint a korábbi időszakban. Az
elektromos hajtás térnyerése, új járműhasználati módok mellett a járművek autonomizálódása
és összekapcsolódása jelenti az új irányokat, amelyek kihívás elé állítják nemcsak az
autóipart, hanem a járművek használóit és a szabályzókat, az államot is. Kutatásainkban az
önvezető autózás jelentette kihívásokat emeljük ki a többi, röviden bemutatott trend
közül, majd pedig vizsgáljuk, milyen kihívásokat támaszt a digitalizálódó állam felé az
önvezetés felé elmozduló járműves technológia.

Summary. In the first half of the 21st century, transportation that has been
slowly changing over many decades has been transforming at an accelerated rate. Over the
course of these few years, there will be more changes and more challenges to overcome. For
a century it was unquestionable that a vehicle is driven by a driver and its energy comes
via diesel or petrol from crude oil. Today vehicles’ autonomy in driving is increasing,
and instead of crude oil based fuels first biocomponents and gaseous fuels appeared, and
now electricity knocks at the door. The proliferation of the electric driving, the new
modes of vehicle use, and the autonomy and connectivity of vehicles represent new
directions that challenge not only the automotive industry, but also vehicle users and
regulators, and the states. New technologies bring about new security and safety
challenges as well. Most of the challenges pop up in the cyber security domain. And its
result is that a closer cooperation is necessary between the automotive industry and
informatics. As these two leading industrial fields have a different setup, the
cooperation is energy demanding task for all participants. Modification and upgrade of the
homologation process seems to be one of the potential gateways that could merge the safety
requests. Improving traditionally rigid automotive homologation processes needs a lot of
extended test opportunities. In our research, we highlight the challenges posed by
self-driving cars and show some trends briefly, and then examine the challenges posed by
vehicle technology moving towards self-driving, and towards digitizing. The certification
process of the automotive industry is highlighted and modifications are proposed. We
propose to extend the traditional proving ground based certification processes with
special, autonomous vehicles designed processes that are partially made within the virtual
reality-proving ground mixtures. A newly designed proving ground not only offers a wide
range of vehicle and traffic tests for conventional, connected and automated vehicles, but
can also be used to test possible prototype solutions, as well as helps to develop the
type-approval process, and useful for educational purposes. Cyber security has special
dimensions, newly developed test environment is necessary to validate the vehicles and
their elements. A complete vehicle testing and validation center is proposed to establish
for automotive cyber security features, focusing not only on known, but also on unknown
vulnerabilities. It will help to develop dedicated tests to eliminate unknown
vulnerabilities and potential new vulnerabilities.