bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Capital Structure of Russian Companies: Testing Trade-off Theory Versus Pecking Order Theory
Authors: Ivashkovskaya Irina , Solntseva Maria
Published: October 2018

Вопросы формирования структуры капитала в российских компаниях остаются не исследованными с позиций современной финансовой теории. В статье показаны результаты эмпирических тестов двух наиболее распространенных концепций – компромиссной и порядка выбора источников финансирования - на примере панельных данных 62 крупных российских компаний, охватывающих 9 отраслей. Исследование выполнено в рамках Научно-учебной лаборатории корпоративных финансов факультета экономики ГУ-ВШЭ как проект направления «Создание и управление стоимостью компании в новой экономике». Построенные эконометрические модели опираются на методы эмпирического анализа структуры капитала компании на растущих рынках, а также тесты данных концепций на материалах развитых рынков капитала. Выявлены детерминанты структуры капитала. Проведенные тесты и проверки на устойчивость по всей панели не позволяют отклонить ни одну из концепций. Анализ на подвыборках показал, то применительно к компаниям с высоким уровнем долга, существенно увеличиваются коэффициенты при внутреннем дефиците финансовых средств, в части регрессий становится незначимым свободный член, что позволяет считать, что им более соответствует логика концепции «порядка финансирования». Результаты показывают, что данная концепция описывает выбор структуры капитала в подвыборке компаний с государственной собственностью. Более высокая объясняющая сила этой концепции очевидна и по результатам тестирования подвыборки публичных компаний.
Анализ опционов роста компаний на растущих рынках капитала
Authors: Пирогов Никита Константинович , Саломыкова О. А.
Published: October 2018

Проблеме анализа реальных опционов в последнее время уделяется большое внимание в академических и практических исследованиях. Множество работ посвящено вопросу формирования и реализации корпоративной стратегии с использованием концепции реальных опционов. Если изначально опционные модели были адаптированы для оценки компаний и проектов в первую очередь в добывающей отрасли, то впоследствии их стали применять и в других отраслях, характеризующихся большой степенью неопределенности. К таким отраслям относятся прежде всего фармацевтическая, биотехнологическая, а также отрасль интернет-технологий. Для компаний, функционирующих в условиях высокой неопределенности, опцион роста приобретает огромное значение. Инвестор, покупая их акции, фактически приобретает право на получение части будущих результатов деятельности компаний. Растущие рынки капитала сами по себе характеризуются высокой степенью неопределенности и высоким потенциалом роста. В связи с этим опцион роста особенно важен для компаний, функционирующих в условиях растущих рынков капитала, в частности в России, Индии и Бразилии. Инвестиции на таких рынках представляют собой покупк опциона, дающего право на участие в результатах не только компаний, но и общеэкономического развития. Для многих компаний становится актуальной проблема анализа и учета возможностей роста в корпоративной стоимости. Для этого необходимо выявить значение опциона роста в формировании общей капитализации компании. Выделение драйверов стоимости реального опциона позволит компаниям осознанно и целенаправленно воздействовать на них, увеличивая тем самым инвестиционную стоимость. Целью настоящего исследования является анализ реального опциона роста путем выявления факторов, влияющих на его стоимость.
Моделирование потоков денежных средств компании
Authors: Львутин Павел П.
Published: October 2018

Данная статья является первой в серии материалов, посвященных финансовому моделированию денежных потоков компании, и призвана дать общее представление о моделировании и его использовании, а также обозначить ряд моментов, интересных для дальнейшего изучения, которые будут рассмотрены в последующих статьях данной серии. Изложенные в статье материал и рассуждения основаны на опыте изучения курсов по оценке бизнеса и корпоративным финансам в Университете Эразмус Роттердама (Нидерланды) и Университете им. Гумбольдта в Берлине (Германия), а также на опыте работы в кредитном отделе банка ABN AMRO, отделе судоходного финансирования банка Credit Europe, инвестиционном фонде «Спутник», отделе оценки бизнеса Ernst & Young. На базе полученного опыта и обучения в данной серии статей будут рассмотрены особенности и принципы построения моделей по потребительским отраслям, в частности, розничной торговли и ресторанного бизнеса, судостроительной и судоходной отраслей, лесопромышленной отрасли. В дальнейшем предполагается расширение спектра отраслей. Также серия будет включать общие проблемы моделирования и пути их решения, с которыми пришлось столкнуться автору в различных отраслях
Эмпирическое исследование применимости модели DCAPM на развивающихся рынках
Authors: Теплова Тамара Викторовна , Селиванова Наталия Викторовна
Published: October 2018

Концепция «риск-доходность» является ключевой в корпоративных финансах, так как позволяет дать количественную оценку инвестиционному и кредитному риску владельцев капитала компании в терминах доходности и выстроить принятие эффективных инвестиционных и финансовых решений с учетом полученной оценки. До сих пор не утихают споры относительно корректности методов оценки риска и построения адекватной внешним условиям модели увязки предполагаемого риска с требуемой инвесторами доходностью. В статье исследуется применимость на развивающихся рынках альтернативной общепринятому подходу модели оценки риска собственного капитала публичных компаний – отностороннего систематического риска (DСАРМ). Систематизирована критика классической модели САРМ, рассмотрены результаты тестирования модификаций САРМ для развивающихся рынков капитала (Венесуэла, Египет, Южная Америка, Восточная Европа) и представлены результаты эмпирического исследования DСАРМ для компаний российского рынка (гипотеза о большей прогнозной силе DСАРМ в оценке систематического риска отдельных компаний) и для межстрановых сравнений и оценки страновых рисков.
Прозрачность раскрытия информации российскими компаниями: обзор докладов, представленных на Второй Международной конференции «Корпоративное управление и устойчивое развитие бизнеса: стратегические роли советов директоров»
Authors: Зинкевич Надежда В.
Published: October 2018

В последние годы все больше российских компаний выходят на международные рынки капитала. Для привлечения средств зарубежных инвесторов компании необходимо соответствовать высоким стандартам корпоративного управления, одной из составляющей которого является информационная прозрачность. Тем не менее проведенное специалистами агентства Standard&Poor’s исследование свидетельствует, что уровень прозрачности российских компаний стагнирует. Возможным объяснением этой тенденции служит феномен «ресурсного проклятия», описанный Дурневым А. и Гуриевым С. С другой стороны, как показывает в своей работе Сеттлз А., успешность размещения ценных бумаг за рубежом положительно зависит от уровня раскрытия информации российскими компаниями.
Обзор докладов, представленных на Второй Международной конференции «Корпоративное управление и устойчивое развитие бизнеса: стратегические роли советов директоров». Блок «Тенденции и проблемы в развитии Корпоративного управления»
Authors: Пирогов Никита Константинович , Животова Евгения Л.
Published: October 2018

Представленные в данном обзоре работы объединяет проблематика развития корпоративного управления. Авторы, с одной стороны, охарактеризовали достижения и недостатки существующей практики, а с другой — представили на обсуждение собственное видение того, как система корпоративного управления решает главную задачу по минимизации агентских издержек. Многие исследования свидетельствуют о том, что хорошее корпоративное управление приводит к увеличению стоимости компаний. Однако механизм влияния корпоративного управления на стоимость до конца не изучен. Авторы обращаются к вопросу об управлении нефинансовыми рисками и отмечают важность построения эффективной системы взаимодействия со всеми стейкхолдерами.
Жизненный цикл организации и агрегированный показатель роста
Authors: Ивашковская Ирина Васильевна , Янгель Дмитрий Олегович
Published: October 2018

Жизненный цикл организации (ЖЦО) практически не анализируется через призму финансового подхода. В статье рассматриваются финансовые измерения компании — ликвидность, инвестиционный риск, стоимость — на протяжении «траектории жизни» и ставится проблема дополнения жизненного цикла организации анализом качества капитала и финансовых кризисов компании. Авторы показывают, что качество капитала целесообразно рассматривать с позиций изменений в финансовых измерениях компании на разных стадиях жизненного цикла. Анализ качества капитала должен учитывать объективные финансовые кризисы компании, связанные с движением по жизненному циклу, и поэтому — предусматривать оценку ликвидности капитала владельца компании на основе показателя потока свободных денежных средств. Авторы показывают, что корпоративному финансовому аналитику необходимо учитывать изменения, которые претерпевают финансовые измерения компании, и предлагают специфический агрегированный показатель роста компании (average growth factor, AGF).
Atabegân-ı Saltanat: Avrupa’ya Özenen Müceddidler Mi? Heterodoks Zındıklar Mı?
Authors: YENİDÜNYA Süheyla
Published: October 2018

XIX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreği Osmanlı Devleti’nin yönünün Nizâm-ı Kadîm’den (Eski Düzen), Nizâm-ı Cedîd’e (Yeni Düzen) çevrilmeye çalışıldığı bir değişim ve dönüşüm sürecidir. İlk defa Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa’nın sadareti esnasında gayrimüslim halkın durumunun iyileştirilmesiyle ilgili yapılmak istenilenleri tanımlamak üzere zikredilen Nizâm-ı Cedîd kavramı, III. Selim’in devrinde başlangıçta daha ziyade askerî alanlarda yoğunlaşan ancak muhtemelen zamanla diğer alanlara da teşmil edilmesi öngörülen Avrupa/Fransa odaklı reform programının (1792–1807) ismi olacaktır. Islahat hareketlerine girişen seleflerinden farklı olarak yüzünü Batı’ya çeviren III. Selim’i benzerlerinden ayıran bir diğer husûs ise reform planlarını gerçekleştirmek için mevcut yönetim kadrosuna alternatif yeni bir ekip kurmasıdır. Söz konusu ekip, kaynak eser müelliflerinin zihniyetine göre ya “gâvurlara” ya da Kemal Beydilli’nin çalışmalarında ortaya koyduğu üzere “mukabele-i bilmisl” ilkesine göre hareket eden müceddidlere benzetilmiştir. Bu çalışmada devrin Vakanüvisi Mütercim Asım Efendi ve Topkapı Sarayı Arşivi’nde bulduğumuz belgelerin ışığında Atabegân-ı Saltanat’ın şimdiye kadar dile getirilmemiş olan farklı bir husûsiyeti olarak Heterodoksluk/ zındıklıkla suçlanmalarına sebep olan itikatları üzerinde durulacaktır.
Afshar Nader Shah: Military Leadership, Strategy and the Armed Forces During his Reign
Authors: ERMAN Kubilayhan
Published: October 2018

In the first half of the 18th century, Afshar Nader Shah had played an essential role in the history of Iran and the countries around. It was an area extending from the northeastern boundries of the Ottoman Empire to India and from Oman to Transoxiana wherein more than ten independent states exist in the present day. Nader Shah has been renowned most widely for having recovered the usurped Iranian throne from the Ghilzai Afghans and for uniting the country. However a considerable amount of literature has touched upon his military career, striking achievements and the armed forces during his reign. There has been a unanimity among the majority of the researchers that he was one of the unusual military leaders of the history who had grown up facing hardships and precious lessons of the battlegrounds. He had felt certain admiration for Timur who had once reigned over almost the same area. The army of Nader Shah had borne traces of previous Turkish and Safavid armies. On the other hand he had blended the prominent features, namely, mobility and firepower of either armies and developed an idiosyncratic military organization which was suitable for fighting over a vast area with diverse geographical features.
Özbek Şair Mahmut Hâdi (Batu) ve Eserleri Hakkında
Authors: YELOK Veli Savaş
Published: October 2018

Mahmut Hâdi, müstebit Sovyet Devletinde, milletinin bilinçlenmesi, aydınlanması ve ilerlemesi amacıyla arayış içerisinde olan; basiretli, yetenekli, irade sahibi, mücadele ruhunu kaybetmeyen ve insani faziletleri kendisinde tecessüm ettirme gayretindeki Özbek aydınlarındandır. Özbekler için böyle bir mücadelenin bayraktarlığını yaparken, sistem onu “inkılâp karşıtı ve milliyetçi olma” suçlamalarıyla itham eder. Hâdi, yeni dönem Özbek edebiyatının başlatıcıları arasında yer alır, eserlerini Batu mahlasıyla yayımlar. O, 1918 yılında Said Ahrârî’nin teşebbüsüyle Vatan adlı okulun idaresinde teşkil edilen İzci Birliğinin ve 1919-1921 yıllarında da Fıtrat’ın teşebbüsüyle oluşturulan Çığatay Gurungi teşkilatının faaliyetlerine iştirak eder. 1922-1927 yılları arasında Moskova Devlet Üniversitesi Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi İktisat Bölümünde tahsil görür. İlk şiirleri 1919 yılında yayımlanan Hâdi’nin eserlerinde Fıtrat, Çolpan ve Elbek’in tesiri söz konusudur. Edebî çalışmaların yanı sıra Özbekistan’daki dil ve imla meselelerine de aktif bir şekilde dâhil olan Hâdi, Arap alfabesinden Latin alfabesine geçişin ilmî ve nazari yönleri üzerinde duran makaleler yazar; alfabe ve imla konusundaki çalışmalara katılır.Özbekistan Halk Maarif Komiserliğinde (O‘zbekiston Xalq Maorif Komissarlig‘i) de bir süre çalışan Hâdi, burada görev yaptığı süre içerisinde eğitim ve öğretim sisteminin ıslahı için bir dizi yenilikleri uygulamaya sokar. O, bu yenilikleri öncelikle, iyi yetişmiş eğitimcilerle gerçekleştirmeye; yaşlı öğreticilerden belirli amaçlar doğrultusunda yararlanmaya, mesleki ve teknik eğitim merkezlerinin sayısını artırmaya ve buraların niteliğini yükseltmeye yönelik düzenlemeleri uygulamaya sokar. Bu makalede edebiyatçı kimliğiyle Mahmut Hâdi’nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği ve eserleri hakkında bilgi verilerek onun edebî eserlerinin muhtevası üzerinde durulacaktır. Ayrıca onun dil ve edebiyat üzerine yaptığı çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilecektir
Characterization of Microstip Transmission Lines Using Fractional-order Circuit Model
Authors: AYDİN Omer , SAMANCI Betül , ÖZOĞUZ İsmail Serdar
Published: October 2018

5G communication technology is used in very demanding
applications, such as high-performance mobile devices, Internet of Things (IoT)
applications, and wearable devices. Therefore, unlike the previous technologies,
5G technology requires massive bandwidth, mainly   within
three key frequency ranges, Sub-1 GHz, 1-6 GHz, and above 6 GHz. However, these
challenges require more accurate and wide-band characterization of the circuits
designed for 5G systems. To be specific, the losses, which can be neglected at
lower frequencies, may substantially affect the performance of these circuits
in the high frequency bands. This requires a comprehensive understanding and
proper characterization of the loss mechanism within all frequency band of 5G. This
paper investigates the viability of using the most common and easily accessible
material FR-4 in circuits designed for 5G applications, and thus focuses on the
proper modeling of the microstrip lines built around FR-4. For this purpose, we
have used the fractional-order model of the lossy dielectric material, and
ended up with a more accurate and simple model which fits well within a wide
frequency range, from 1GHz to 16GHz.
The comparative analysis of effectiveness of barley intercalar and apical meristems applying for bioindication of lead influence genotoxicity
Authors: Dikarev Vladimir G. , Geras’kin Stanislav A. , Dikarev Alexey V. , Dikareva Nina S.
Published: October 2018

Background. Lead is the one of the major pollutants in natural and artificial ecosystems, but mechanisms of it influence on the plant organism still arent completely clear. With the growing industrial pollution of the environment, and in particular, arable lands, the methods of bioindication of chemical compounds influence on the plant organism are obtained a big significance in modern biology. The cytogenetic analysis is well proven method for assessment of the environmental stress. The current research was devoted to the analysis of the cytogenetic aberrations bounds with the biometric and biochemical indexes and productivity of barley plants, which were grown on the lead polluted soil at terms of the vegetative experiment. An estimation of the comparative effectiveness of the barley plants intercalary and apical meristem applying for the indication of the lead toxicity are presented in the current work.

Materials and methods. The vegetative experiment was carried on the barley plants variant Zazerskii 85 on the podzol loamy soil with the inserting of the nutrient elements and lead in the different concentrations at the form of salts. Plants were grown in the pots with the capacity of 5 kg by the standard methodic. For the cytogenetic analysis samples were taken on V1 phase of the ontogenesis and fixed in the acetyl alcohol. Temporary squashed preparations was stained with the acetoorsein and examined by the microscope. Frequencies of the cytogenetic anomalies and aberrant cells were scored.

Results. It was shown, that forms of dose curves of the frequencies of the aberrant cells at the intercalary and apical meristems are compatible and changes of the mitotic index arent significant. A major part of the cytogenetic anomalies are bound with the division spindle breaches. A suitability of the apical and intercalary meristems for the assessment of the heavy metals influence on the agricultural plants was proven.

Conclusions. On the base of collected data the cytogenetic analysis can be recommended as the reliable tool for the assessment of the industrial pollution consequences for the agricultural ecosystems and for the researching of the mechanisms of the living objects response to the environmental stress. For the heavy metals influence monitoring the intrecalar meristems is preferable as more sensitive, but for plants productivity prognosis the apical meristems is suitable.
Nivel de adopción de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en empresas comercializadoras de mango en Nayarit – México
Authors: Salazar Solano Vidal , Moreno Dena Jesús Mario , Rojas Rodríguez Isaac Shamir , Islas Olavarrieta Leonardo Antonio
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del artículo es caracterizar la adopción de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación por las empresas acopiadoras, almacenadoras y comercializadoras de mango en Nayarit (México). El método parte de un diseño transeccional-descriptivo, donde se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada al universo de 14 empresas, complementada con técnicas de observación. Los resultados destacan importantes áreas de oportunidad en el aprovechamiento de estas tecnologías, que reflejan visiones limitadas sobre su adquisición como gasto en equipamiento y no como inversión estratégica. Las percepciones de sus grupos directivos en esta materia representan en sí grandes limitaciones para acceder adecuadamente al mercado global, toda vez que su impacto en la gestión de competitividad resulta incuestionable en la experiencia empresarial documentada.
Enfoques de la responsabilidad social empresarial en los agronegocios
Authors: Lizcano-Prada Julieth , Lombana Jahir
Published: October 2018

La responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) tiene diversas aplicaciones en los sectores productivos y de servicios, aunque el sector agropecuario ha sido poco analizado en la literatura académica. El objetivo de este análisis es identificar los principales enfoques de responsabilidad social que se han desarrollado en los agronegocios. Se utilizó una técnica bibliométrica para identificar las conexiones entre artículos en Web of Science sobre RSE y agronegocios. Los resultados del análisis de la literatura muestran cuatro enfoques: cadena de valor global, cuestiones ambientales, regulación y estándares privados internacionales y estrategia. Se concluye que el vínculo entre RSE y agronegocios es un campo valioso de investigación, en especial la relación con el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas.
A study of migraine cases in a tertiary care hospital neurology outpatient department: demography, sub classification and clinical features
Authors: C. Selvaraj , S. Sivakumar
Published: October 2018

Background: Recurrent headache disorders impose a substantial burden on headache sufferers, family and society. In India, 15 to 20% of people suffer from migraine with an adult female: male ratio of 2:1. This study has been done with an aim at documenting the different types of migraine, their clinical presentations among patients presented to the Headache clinic, Neurology outpatient Department, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during a one year period.Methods: The patients registered at Headache clinic, Neurology outpatient Department, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai during one year period between the March 2009 and February 2010 with the diagnosis of migraine as per International Headache Society 2004 criteria were taken for this study. The clinical material was collected from the records and by patient interviews with a detailed pre-prepared proforma. The various parameters of the patients were compared, classified and analysed with specific reference to national and international studies.Results: Migraine is the commonest type of headache comprising of about 76% of total cases of headache. Migraine without aura (48%) was more common than migraine with aura (32%). Female preponderance was noticed in all subtypes of migraine, age of onset being in 2nd and 3rd decade for majority of the subgroups of migraine, with positive family history in 45% of cases, with predominant unilateral in presentation and temporal in location, lasting for 12 to 24 hours in majority of cases.Conclusions: Migraine is the commonest type of headache in patients observed in this study. Among subtypes migraine without aura is the commonest. Second and third decade is the commonest age group of onsets.
Occupational cancers management, via telehealth opportunities
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Zeinab , Davoodi Somayeh
Published: October 2018

Because of the importance and huge burden of occupational cancers for the population today, health policy makers should look for innovative and cost effective ways to manage these diseases. Information technology bases such as telehealth have prominent impacts in many areas of medicine. Telehealth approaches including teleoncology and teleoccupational therapy are the solutions that help to provide quick access to high quality services for cancer patients in remote areas. The most important impact of telehealth methods is enhancing care cost-effectiveness and eliminating the disparities in access to cancer care for cancer patient. For the reasons mentioned it is necessary to use telehealth in occupational cancer care same as other fields of cancer. In this paper application of telehealth opportunities in occupational cancers have been described.
Office myringoplasty by chemical cauterization and paper patching: a prospective study
Authors: Upreti Garima
Published: October 2018

Background: Surgery for tympanic membrane perforation entails its own morbidity, risk of anesthesia, psychological trauma, along with long waiting periods for patients, especially in a tertiary care centre like ours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of chemical cauterization and patching of perforation, performed as an office procedure in select cases.

Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from January 2016 to December 2017. The patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria, after thorough clinical assessment, examination under microscope and pure tone audiogram. All cases underwent cauterization of margins of perforation using 10% trichloroacetic acid (TCA), followed by patching with appropriately sized pre-sterilized cigarette paper patch. The patients were followed up weekly till the perforation was completely healed or till 12 weeks. If required, the procedure was repeated.  

Results: 68 cases were included in the study. Most common site of perforation was antero-inferior quadrant of pars tensa. Most common etiology was inflammatory. Number of applications ranged from 1 to 3. The procedure was successful in 62 cases (91.2%). All cases with traumatic perforation, residual perforation post-surgery and persistent perforation after grommet extrusion healed well. All 6 cases with treatment failure had inflammatory etiology, 4 involving postero-superior quadrant.

Conclusions: In patients with small, central, dry perforation of tympanic membrane, chemical cauterization using TCA and paper patching can yield results comparable to that of surgery, while abating the morbidity and psychological trauma of surgery and saving time for both patient and doctor.
Use of morphometry in the arborization of Paragominas city, Pará, Brazil, with Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Rocha Martins Walmer Bruno , De Oliveira Victor Pereira , Roque Lima Michael Douglas
Published: October 2018

The study of the morphometry of individual trees, especially those planted in urban spaces has

become important for the effective planning of available space use. The objective of this study was to describe

the morphometric variables for individuals of the species Handroanthus impetiginosus Mattos (pink trumpet

tree, pink ipe) used for urban tree-planting in the municipality of Paragominas, Pará State, northern Brazil. The

study evaluated 15 continuously distributed individual trees per street, one street per neighborhood. For each

sampled tree, the dendrometric data were collected, which were later converted to morphometric variables.

Mean values for Total Height (TH), Canopy Width (CW), Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Canopy Diameter

(CD) were 6.48, 3.98, 0.19 and 4.95, respectively. Canopy Ratio (CR), Slenderness Factor (SF) and Salience

Index (SI) values of 61.95, 35.16 and 26.44 were calculated. Mean Coverage Index (CI) was 0.78, and Canopy

Form (CF) was considered to be more elongated, both vertically and horizontally and, with a mean value of

1.35, could be used as a criterion to determine the need for silvicultural intervention. Coefficient of Variation

(CV) values lay between 20 and 43%, showing high variation due to the lack of experimental control and the

action a wide-variety of growth-influencing variables. There was a moderate positive correlation for the SG and

SI (0.522) and for CI and HR (0.631). The morphometric variables obtained from H. impetiginosus individuals

reveal growth form data that should be considered when planning new urban areas for implantation.
Origin and post-harvest losses of vegetables in the microregion of Chapadinha, Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Riew Tomm Tiago Fernando , Bernardo Almeida Edmilson Igor , Figueirinha Kessia Tenório , Sousa Ferreira Lusiane De , De Souza Gondim Márcia Maria , Amorim Deucleiton Jardim
Published: October 2018

Research involving estimation of post-harvest losses of vegetables is limited in the state of Maranhão

(MA), however, they are essential to identify of causes of losses, as well as for reducing them. The objective of

the current study was to describe the cultivation and post-harvest losses of vegetables in the municipalities of

Anapuru, Belágua, Chapadinha, Mata Roma, São Benedito and Urbano Santos, state of Maranhão, northern

Brazil. The information was obtained by questionnaires given to the traders from the main vegetable trading

centres for each municipality. The questions covered the socioeconomic aspects of handling, transportation,

storage and commercialization of vegetables. While many traders had a full secondary education (37%),

they have little technical knowledge of production, management (83%) and marketing (82%) of vegetables.

Cultivation is carried out mainly in greenhouses (77%), with many vegetables coming from other states (89%),

such as Ceará, via asphalted roads (100%). Physiological disorders, such as rapid maturation, wilting and

budding, were the main causes of loss. Rank losses, in order of decreasing losses were: tomato (18.38 ±

0.39%) > potato (13.82 ± 0.11%) > bell pepper (10.13 ± 0.07%) > carrot (9.35 ± 0), 09%) > onion (7.31 ±

0.15%) > lettuce (6.16 ± 0.15%). The losses were significant and there is a clear need for training on good

post-harvest practices, effective management of the quantity offered, and government incentives to expand

the olericulture in the Chapadinha microregion.
Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Esquivel-Pedraza Lilly , Fernández-Cuevas Laura , Milke-García María del Pilar , Cicero-Casarrubias Alba , Ruelas-Villavicencio Ana Lilia , Saeb-Lima Marcela , Reyes-Castillo Mónica Alinne , Domínguez-Cherit Judith , Vizcaíno-Tapia Gloria Isabel , Méndez-Flores Silvia
Published: October 2018

Background. The frequency of recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) and their relationship with comorbidities has been scarcely described.Methods. We conducted a retrospective analytical study of patients with a presumptive diagnosis of RAU, in order to know the frequency of misdiagnosis of RAU, to delineate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of RAU, and to analyze their correlation with systemic diseases. Three groups of recurrent ulcers were analyzed: a) RAU, b) RAU associated to Behçet´s disease, and c) other recurrent ulcers misdiagnosed as RAU (OU). We recorded clinical and laboratory data. Statistics included Mantel-Haenszel chi square test, Kruskall-Wallis test, and Student´s t test.Results. A total of 141 patients (106 women) were referred with a presumptive diagnosis of RAU: 56 cases (39.7%) with RAU; 10 (7.1%) with RAU in Behçet´s disease, and 75 (53.2%) with OU. RAU subjects presented a lower frequency of rheumatologic diseases than patients with Behçet´s disease ulcers [30.4% vs 70.0%; (p=0.03)] and patients with OU [30.4% vs 54.7%; (p=0.007)]. Additionally, immunodeficiency was less common among patients with RAU in comparison to Behçet´s disease [3.6% vs 40.0%; (p=0.003)] and OU [3.6% vs 28.0%; (p‹0.001)].Higher levels of serum leukocytes were seen in Behçet´s disease [median=8.9 (range 5.3-9.7) x103 cells/mm3] when compared to RAU [median=6.0 (range 3.2-21.2) x103 cells/mm3] and OU [median=6.0 (range 2.3-14.8) x103 cells/mm3] (p<0.04).

Conclusions. Misdiagnosis of RAU was frequent; an individual pattern of association to specific groups of systemic diseases was observed in each studied group of recurrent ulcers. RAU and Behçet´s disease ulcers showed clinical and laboratory differences.
Nevus of Ota with Intraoral Involvement: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Esquivel-Pedraza Lilly , Fernández-Cuevas Laura , Cicero-Casarrubias Alba , García-de la Cruz Joan Jesús , Méndez-Flores Silvia
Published: October 2018

We describe an extraordinary case of a nevus of Ota with intraoral mucosal involvement. We performed a selective review of the English literature and discuss the potential malignant behavior when the oral mucosa is involved.
MENELADANI NILAI AJARAN DAKWAH SUNAN KALIJAGA DALAM MENDIDIK KARAKTER BANGSA DI ERA GLOBALISAS
Authors: Hermawan Agus
Published: October 2018

This article describes moral value based on Sunan Kalijaga’s perspective, one of the members of the walisanga who had the longest age from other wali and he was the most famous and creative wali in creating a wide range of media to preach Islam. The media that he made and applied included many fields; such as preacher, literatures and songs (Ilir-ilir song, gundul-gundul pacul, and dandang gula song), Sculpture, Gamelan, mosques, Tatal and Kenthong art, Bedhug, and  grebeg sekaten contained character of education that were stil relevant applied in this era. Thus, a preacher’s function as learning model takes strategic position in preparing and applying any media and approaches/ strategy to lead students to be success in their learning. The media of learning to preach created by Sunan Kalijaga were the collaboration between culture of local wisdom which was maintained and elements of modern constructive art that was relevant with the local wisdom.
Early Childhood Education Students’ Emergent Skills in Literacy Scaffolding
Authors: Nickel Jodi
Published: October 2018

This study examined how four early childhood education students applied their knowledge of emergent literacy in their practicum settings. Literacy research has shown that in order for young children to become effective readers, they must develop 1) a vocabulary-rich knowledge base, 2) the ability to reason about story messages, and 3) the code-related skills of phonological awareness and print awareness. The students’ college instruction focused on ways to promote emergent literacy by scaffolding children’s skill development in these three early literacy areas, particularly during story reading. At the conclusion of their practicum, the students were asked to identify the specific ways in which they had promoted emergent literacy skills. The resulting data suggested students were sometimes confused about the code-related skills of phonological awareness and print awareness. Students reported they seldom had conversations with the children that focused on coderelated skills as part of their story reading activities. Furthermore, their application of discussion techniques in support of children’s vocabulary development and the ability to reason about story messages were of questionable quality. This data suggests that early childhood educators require significant modeling and  practice to develop the complex skills needed for effective instructional  scaffolding during story book reading.
Moving Onward: Reflections and Re-interpretations of the Reggio Approach
Authors: O’Donoghue Linda A.
Published: October 2018

This article offers an insight into teaching and learning from various interviews I conducted with educators about their journey with the philosophy of Reggio Emilia. Many early childhood educators in North America are captivated by the philosophical fundamentals of Reggio Emilia. Emerging from Reggio Emilia, Italy after the destruction of WWII, this approach embraces several key principles that guide the educator. These include: the importance of teachers as researchers, documenters, observers and listeners; the environment as the "third educator," and the image of the capable, competent child (Edwards, Gandini & Forman, 1998).
From the Publications Chair
Authors: Berger Iris
Published: October 2018

A time for ‘new’ beginnings…
The ‘Value of Locality’ in Early Childhood Settings: Pedagogical Documentation in the Reggio Emilia Educational Project
Authors: Giamminuti Stefania
Published: October 2018

This article engages with the notions of locality and community in early childhood settings. Locality is conceptualized as a ‘value’ in the context of the experience of the municipal infant-toddler centers and ‘schools of childhood’ (scuole d’infanzia) of Reggio Emilia, Italy. The article is drawn from a recent study (Giamminuti, 2009) which engages with questions of quality, values and relationships in early childhood education and care. Participants in the study include educators, families, and children that were part of the learning communities of Arcobaleno Infant-Toddler Center and Pablo Neruda School. This article focuses on the value of locality as experienced in Reggio Emilia, and offers an invitation to early childhood settings internationally to consider: the importance of positioning oneself in time, history, and place; the significance of constructing a collective sense of locality; and the value of conceptualizing and living early childhood settings as places that belong to children.
Speaking the Language of Nature: Reconceptualizing Early Literacy in Telling the Stories from the Garden
Authors: Bjartveit Carolyn J.
Published: October 2018

This article describes how storytelling can develop early literacy skills and focus young children on nature. Over a nine-month period in two program years, children, parents, and educators at St. Andrews United Church Preschool in Calgary, Alberta worked collaboratively to tell and write The Stories from the Garden. These Stories from the Garden exemplify a holistic approach to literacy by connecting learning experiences focused on the natural world, the lifeworld of the classroom, interrelationships between the children, teachers and parents to the text itself.
British Columbia's Full Day Kindergarten Program Guide: A Critical Race Analysis
Authors: Moule Jennifer
Published: October 2018

In September 2011, all elementary schools in British Columbia, Canada began providing a full school day of kindergarten to its children. Prior to this, the majority of children experi-enced kindergarten in a half day for-mat, while the province provided a full day to children from “certain pop-ulations” of ethnicity, language, and ability. Supporters of the change pro-fess that a full day of kindergarten can be beneficial for all children, which will subsequently benefit the province in general. This paper aims to gain insight into how the contemporary discourses in early childhood educa-tion in relation to full day kinder-garten influence the racialized experi-ences of British Columbia's young children of colour. A textual analysis was conducted on the Full Day Kindergarten Program Guide (2010) from the lens of Critical Race Theory. The guide's ambiguous use of the con-cept of “culture” is highlighted.
On Opening Spaces for Conversation: The Book Club
Authors: Bitterberg Antje
Published: October 2018

This is the story of four educators who engaged in conversations inspired by readings of Releasing the Imagination by Maxine Greene (1995). The Book Club was a research project carried out in the Spring of 2011 at a child care in Vancouver, British Columbia. This project is a response to the question, ‘What if cur-riculum was a conversation?’ Taking the risk of exploring this question together with my coworkers was invigorating and allowed us to begin to imagine new possibilities for who we are as educators and who we want to be.
A Critical Investigation of Policy, Research, and Programs that Aim to Support Children’s Transition to Kindergarten in Quebec
Authors: Lehrer Joanne S.
Published: October 2018

This article critically examines Quebec policy and programs related to children’s transition to kindergarten, with a particular focus on “hard to reach” families (Hong, 2009; Mapp et Hong, 2010): those that are low-income, have limited levels of formal education, are part of racialized groups, speak a mother tongue other than English or French, and/or are recent immigrants. A conceptual analysis of parent pedagogicalization (Popkewitz, 2003) and of the difference between the transition to school and school readiness is followed by a review of the literature on children from “hard to reach” families beginning school. Five themes are identified in the literature: socio-demographic characteristics and academic achievement, the neighbourhood environment, transition practices, parent perspectives, and classroom processes. The article concludes with implications for policy, practice, and further research in order to support children’s transition to kindergarten from a strength-based, as opposed to a deficit-oriented, perspective (Carr, 2001; Dahlberg, Moss & Pence, 2007; Swadener & Lubeck, 1995).
An Examination of International Early Childhood Curriculum Documents
Authors: Arias de Sanchez Gabriela , Doiron Ray , Gabriel Martha
Published: October 2018

This review explored early childhood curriculum documents produced in 17 countries and five Canadian provinces between 1996 and 2011. The review forms the foundation for the creation of a meaningful, pedagogical tool that could inform the early childhood research community, front line educators and policy/decision–makers. By comparing the vision and guidelines of early learning curriculum documents as articulated by early childhood leaders in various jurisdictions, stakeholders can identify similarities and highlight gaps.
Producing Neoliberal Parenting Subjectivities: ANT-Inspired Readings from an Informal Early Learning Program
Authors: Stooke Rosamund
Published: October 2018

This paper employs the Foucauldian notion of governmentality and actor-network theory’s notion of translation to propose that and show how a neoliberal imaginary permeates the everyday lives of Ontario families with young children. The paper traces the unfolding of school readiness as a dispersed policy network in Canada since the 1990s. Drawing on observational data collected in one Ontario-based, parent-child program, it then presents and discusses a series of vignettes that show how ostensibly supportive actions between practitioners and parents can also enrol parents in actor-networks oriented toward the realisation of neoliberal goals. The analysis corroborates Iannacci’s observation that neoliberal assemblages produce both possibilities and limitations for children, their parents and the educators who work with them.
Teaching Children with ADHD
Authors: Brennan Nicole , Parsons Jim
Published: October 2018

This article describes some symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), discusses classroom implications, and suggests practical strategies teachers can use to meet the needs of this diverse population.
Nature Kindergarten in Sooke: A Unique Collaboration
Authors: Hoyland Toni , Elliot Enid
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on a nature kindergarten pilot project in Sooke, BC, about an hour outside of Victoria on Vancouver Island. Toni Hoyland and Enid Elliot highlight the partnership between the kindergarten teacher, Lisa Lockerbie, and the early childhood educator, Erin Van Stone, as they work together to weave emergent play-based approaches with academic literacy and numeracy opportunities. The program takes place in the forest of Royal Roads University adjacent to Sangster Elementary School.
Engaging With Living Waters: An Inquiry Into Children’s Relations With a Local Austin Creek
Authors: Saint-Orens Lene , Nxumalo Fikile
Published: October 2018

This article focuses on the inclusion of local environmental education for a class of kindergarten children in Austin, Texas. The purpose is to inspire educators to include local waterways as a compelling source for children to learn alongside environmental challenges in their immediate contexts, to learn how to live in reciprocal relations with water, and to care for water as essential to all life on earth.
SCIENTIFIC JUSTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTEM OF RENDERING THE DISEASE-PREVENTION STOMATOLOGIC SERVICE TO THE CHILDREN'S POPULATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FAR EAST REGION
Authors: Яценко Анна , Yatsenko Anna , Первов Юрий , Pervov Yury , Транковская Лидия , Trankovskaya Lidiya
Published: October 2018

Subject. Complex studying and assessment of influence of potential is carried out risk factors on a secondary dentition of children in the conditions of particular territorial community and also are developed and introduced preventive and improving actions. Work purpose: studying of features of a secondary dentition of children in specific conditions of the habitat for the purpose of development of the priority directions of prophylaxis of violations of health of children and perfecting of methods of rendering the children's stomatologic help. Methodology. Studying of process of a secondary dentition at children of 4,5-11 years of Vladivostok is carried out. The beginning of eruption considered the perforation moment tooth of an alveolar gingiva with exposure of one hillock or cutting edge. Potential risk factors of the period of pregnancy of mother and childbirth, risk factors of the early childhood, social and economic, features of a way of life are studied. By means of the component konfirmatorny analysis identification of relationships of cause and effect in system habitat factors ‒ a secondary dentition is carried out. Results. The early secondary dentition at children is revealed. Signs of sexual dimorphism of an index of a tooth maturity are established. The greatest impact on a secondary dentition is exerted a factor of a delivery of children, by features of a way of life of boys and girls and also a delivery of their mothers during pregnancy. Conclusions. Materials of a research formed the basis of the developed regional standards of a secondary dentition which were introduced in work of the children's stomatologic organizations. The system of preventive actions providing accounting of regional features of a condition of the habitat, living conditions, deliveries is developed and also solves a number of practical problems of perfecting of the principles of medical observation and improvement of children.
PERAN ULAMA DALAM PENDAMPINGAN PEREMPUAN YANG POSITIF HIV DAN AIDS
Authors: Parhani Imadduddin
Published: October 2018

HIV and AIDS have spread to all provinces in Indonesia. No more districts/cities are free from the spread of HIV and AIDS. Many efforts are made by the government to reduce the spread of HIV and AIDS. However, these efforts are only conducted at the medical level, not touched on community empowerment, especially Ulama involvement in planning, implementing and evaluating HIV and AIDS prevention programs. Ulama should be postulated as part of a government-developed system of HIV and AIDS prevention and control. Ulama should be given a role in identifying, formulating, implementing and monitoring program activities with the focus of exploring social problems that occur in the environment. If clerics are directly involved since the commencement of an activity program, they will be able to understand better of what they should do for a program. Involvement and empowerment are the principles of HIV and AIDS prevention. Involvement and empowerment in AIDS prevention aims to achieve better health outcomes with the active participation of civil society in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating services.  The activities which are in conflict with prevention, treatment, care and support for PLWHA and oriented to an anti-gender partnership discrimination, as well as stigma,  can put women in anti-socio-cultural, and physiological conditions. It is also  equally important that scholars openly opposed to gender-based violence.Saat ini, HIV dan AIDS telah menyebar ke semua provinsi di Indonesia. Tidak ada lagi kabupaten / kota yang bebas dari penyebaran HIV dan AIDS. Banyak upaya dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mengurangi penyebaran HIV dan AIDS. Namun, upaya ini hanya dilakukan di tingkat medis saja, tidak menyentuh pemberdayaan masyarakat, terutama keterlibatan ulama dalam perencanaan, penerapan dan evaluasi program pencegahan HIV dan AIDS. Ulama harus dipostulasikan sebagai bagian dari sistem pencegahan dan pengendalian HIV dan AIDS yang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah. Ulama diberi peran dalam mengidentifikasi, merumuskan, melaksanakan dan memantau kegiatan program dengan fokus mengeksplorasi masalah sosial yang terjadi di lingkungan. Jika para ulama terlibat langsung sejak dimulainya suatu program kegiatan, mereka akan lebih mampu memahami apa yang harus mereka lakukan untuk sebuah program. Keterlibatan dan pemberdayaan adalah salah satu prinsip pencegahan HIV dan AIDS. Keterlibatan dan pemberdayaan dalam pencegahan AIDS bertujuan untuk mencapai hasil kesehatan yang lebih baik dengan partisipasi aktif masyarakat sipil dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemantauan dan evaluasi layanan dan kegiatan yang bertentangan dengan pencegahan, pengobatan, perawatan dan dukungan untuk ODHA yang berorientasi pada diskriminasi kemitraan anti-gender, stigma, menempatkan perempuan dalam kondisi yang anti-sosio-budaya, dan fisiologis, dan sama pentingnya adalah para ahli secara terbuka menentang kekerasan berbasis gender.