bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure formation of black hole jets triggered by electron-scale physics
Authors: Kawashima Tomohisa , Ishiguro Seiji , Moritaka Toseo , Horiuchi Ritoku , Tomisaka Kohji
Published: September 2020

Jets are ubiquitous in the universe[1,2]. The radio jet is a beamed plasma flow with relativistic speed accelerated by a supermassive black hole in some galaxies. Recent observations of the relativistic jet in the elliptical galaxy M87 have discovered a triple-ridge sub-structure in the jet at a distance of one thousand Schwartzchild radius from the black hole [3,4]. The triple-ridge structure may be the first strong evidence of the spine-sheath structure consisting of the fast spine region (jet spine) and relatively slow sheath region (jet sheath), which was hypothetically introduced to explain observational features in various unresolved relativistic jets [5,6]. However, the formation mechanism of such a spine-brightened jet is quite enigmatic. Here we report that the combination of the magnetic pinching force induced by an electron-scale shear-instability called Mushroom instability[7] and the high-energy electron ejections by the subsequent magnetic reconnection leads to the drastic accumulation of high-energy electrons in the center of the cylindrical jet. The concentration of high-energy electrons towards the jet center indicates the appearance of bright jet-spine as observed in M87. Thus, the electron-scale, microscopic processes would play an important role in the structure formation and generation of high-energy components in the relativistic jets.

Rererences:
[1] Frank, A. etal. Jets and Outflows from Star to Cloud: Observations ConfrontTheory. InBeuther, H., Klessen, R. S., Dullemond, C. P. & Henning, T. (eds.) Protostars and Planets VI, 451 (2014).
[2] Blandford, R., Meier, D. & Readhead, A. Relativistic Jets from Active Galactic Nuclei. ARA&A 57, 467–509 (2019).
[3] Asada, K., Nakamura, M. & Pu, H.-Y. Indication of the Black Hole Powered Jet in M87 by VSOP Observations. ApJ833, 56 (2016).
[4] Hada, K. The Structure and Propagation of the Misaligned Jet M87. Galaxies 5, 2 (2017).
[5] Laing, R. A. & Bridle, A. H. Relativistic models and the jet velocity field in the radio galaxy3C 31. MNRAS 336, 328–352 (2002).
[6] Ghisellini, G., Tavecchio, F. & Chiaberge, M. Structured jets in TeV BL Lac objectsand radiogalaxies. Implications for the observed properties. A&A 432, 401–410 (2005).
[7] Alves, E. P., Grismayer, T., Fonseca, R. A. & Silva, L. O. Transverse electron-scale instability in relativistic shear flows. PhRvE 92, 021101 (2015).
Rate of protein synthesis is reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from Fragile X individuals
Authors: Dionne Olivier , Lortie Audrey , Gagnon Florence , Corbin François
Published: September 2020

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability and is caused by the loss of expression of the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). In animal model of FXS, the absence of FMRP leads to an aberrant rate of neuronal protein synthesis, which in turn is believed to be at the origin of defects regarding spine morphology and synaptic plasticity. Normalisation of protein synthesis in these models has been associated with a rescue of FXS behavioral and biochemicals phenotype, thus establishing the rate of protein synthesis as one of the most promising monitoring biomarker for FXS. However, rate of protein synthesis alteration in fragile X individuals is not well characterizedMethod: We applied a robust radiolabeled assay to measure rate of protein synthesis in freshly extracted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and blood platelets. We ultimately settle on PBMCs to measure and compare rate of protein synthesis in 13 males with fragile X and 14 matched controls individuals. Results: Using this method, we measured a 26.9% decrease (p = 0,0193) in the rate of protein synthesis in fragile X individuals PBMCs. Furthermore, the rate of protein synthesis measurements obtained were highly reproducible, highlighting the robustness of the method. Conclusion: Our work presents the first evidence of a diminution of the rate of protein synthesis in a human peripheral model of fragile X. Our results also support the finding of previous studies using brain PET imaging in Fragile X individuals. Since our assay only requires a simple venous puncture, it could be used in other cases of intellectual disability in order to determine if an aberrant rate of protein synthesis is a common general mechanism leading to impairment in synaptic plasticity and to intellectual disability.
Prognosis and risk factors of cardiac valve calcification in Chinese end-stage renal disease patients
Authors: Xiong Jian-qiong , Chen Xue-mei , Liang Chun-ting , Du Xiao-Gang
Published: September 2020

Background

Cardiac valve calcification (CVC) was an important risk factor for cardiovascular complication. But the prevalence, clinical features and risk factors for CVC in ESRD patients were not fully clear at present. In this study, we explored the possible risk factors and clinical characteristics of CVC happened in Chinese ESRD patients.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective case-control study on 433 cases of ESRD patients who received maintenance dialysis (MHD) for at least 3 months in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from October 2014 to December 2015. 93 patients were confirmed to happen cardiac valve calcification (CVC) by echocardiography, and 200 patients without CVC in the same period as control, matched with age and gender. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters of the two groups were analyzed.
Results

Of 433 cases of ESRD patients, the average annual incidence of CVC was 30.3%. The most common calcification was in aortic valve, followed by mitral valve. Dialysis age (P = 0.006, OR = 2.25), serum calcium (P = 0.046, OR = 2.04), diabetes (P = 0.037, OR = 1.81), and pulse pressure ( P < 0.001, OR = 3.22) were the risk factors of CVC, but serum albumin ( P = 0.047, OR = 0.54) was a protective factor for CVC. The ESRD patients with CVC were also more likely to suffer from arrhythmia, heart failure and coronary heart disease (CHD), and the all-cause mortality also increased significantly.
Conclusions

High prevalence of CVC happened in Chinese ESRD patients, which was a risk signal for severe atherosclerosis, more morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events in ESRD patients. Dialysis age, serum calcium, diabetes, and pulse pressure were the independent risk factors of CVC in ESRD patients, while serum albumin was a protective factor.
Companion diagnostic for the chloroquine use in the treatment of COVID-19: systems biology report of candidate markers.
Authors: SOUCHELNYTSKYI SERHIY , Souchelnytskyi Nazariy
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Chloroquine is used for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, efficacy of the chloroquine has been under discussion. Variability of clinical outputs of the drug application requires implementation of a companion diagnostic that would allow monitoring responsiveness to chloroquine. The first line of such markers would be markers already used in clinics. Analysis of reported mechanisms of COVID-19 and chloroquine may lead to such markers.
METHODS

Systemic analysis of molecular mechanisms and markers engaged by chloroquine and COVID-19 virus was performed. The networks of regulatory mechanisms were explored for an intersection and relevance to clinical markers.
RESULTS

Reported here systemic analysis describes the intersection of molecular mechanisms of chloroquine and processes engaged by COVID-19. 266 nodes provide insight into the mechanisms of chloroquine impact on the infection and represent a pool of companion diagnostic markers. As an example, an intersection with the markers of heart arrhythmia retrieved 19 nodes. Thirteen of them were reported in human plasma: levels of albumin, amyloid precursor protein, and endoglin correlate with adverse cardiac effects.
CONCLUSIONS

Reported nodes are the candidate markers for companion diagnostic of the chloroquine application to COVID-19 patients. Some of these markers are already used in the clinic and their interpretation may contribute to monitoring for adverse effects of chloroquine.
What is the Added Value of CT-angiography in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack?
Authors: Herpertz Gerrit U. , Maier Ilko L. , Bähr Mathias , Psychiogios Marios-Nikos , Liman Jan
Published: September 2020

BackgroundTransient ischemic attack (TIA) is an important predictor for a pending stroke. Guidelines recommend similar workup for TIA-patients as for stroke patients to directly assess the extra- and intracranial arteries via Computed tomography angiography (CTA) regarding vascular pathologies with direct therapeutic implications. Aim of our study was a systematic analysis of CTA-findings in TIA-patients and evaluate possible predictive TIA scores for ipsilateral vascular pathology.MethodsWe analysed data from TIA patients admitted to our University Medical Centre, between September 2015 and March 2018. Following subgroups were identified: 1) no- or low-grade-stenosis (<50%) 2) ipsilateral high-risk vascular pathology and 3) high risk findings needing surgical or interventional treatment. As predictive tools for ipsilateral vascular findings we used the ABCD2-, the ABCD3- and the SPI-II score.ResultsOf 833 patients, 549 (65.9%) underwent initial CTA in the emergency department. In 126 (23.0%) patients, ipsilateral vascular findings were identified from which 40 (7.3%) needed treatment. The ABCD2-, ABCD3- and SPI-II-scores were not predictive for ipsilateral vascular pathologies. We identified male sex (OR 1.58, 1.06-2.36 95% CI; p=0.026), coronary heart disease (OR 1.88, 1.17-3.02 95% CI; p=0.009) and short duration of symptoms (OR 0.7, 0.55-0,89 95% CI; p=0.004) as predictors for ipsilateral vascular pathologies. ConclusionMore than every fifth TIA-patient had relevant vascular findings revealed by acute CTA. TIA-scores were not predictive for these findings. Male patients with a history of coronary heart disease and short duration of symptoms most likely might benefit from acute CTA to streamline further diagnostics and therapy.
Identification of Prognostic Signature Based on the Copy Number Variation (CNV) and Expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Niu Changchun , Wu Di , Li Alexander J. , Qin Kevin H. , Hu Daniel A. , Wang Eric J. , Tucker Andrew Blake , He Fang , Huang Linjuan , Wang Hao , Liu Qing , Ni Na , Shi Deyao , Zhao Xia , Wan Yafang , Li Tian , He Tong-Chuan , Liao Pu
Published: September 2020

Purpose Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by multiple genetic alterations in the hematopoietic progenitors, and molecular genetic analysis has provided useful information for AML diagnosis and prognosis. However, an integrative understanding about the prognosis value of specific copy number variation (CNV) and CNV-modulated gene expression has been limited. Methods We conducted an integrative analysis of CNV profiling and gene expression using data from the TARGET and TCGA AML cohorts. The CNV data from TCGA were analyzed using the GISTIC. CNV survival analysis and mRNA survival analysis were conducted with the Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model using R software with “survminer” and “survival” packages. KEGG cancer panel genes were extracted from the cancer related pathways from Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The R package “circlize” was used for mapping the CNV genes to chromosomes. Results From this investigation, we observed distinct CNV patterns in the AML risk groups as well as the expression of 251 genes significantly modulated by CNV in both cohorts. There were 102 CNV genes (located at 7q31-34, 16q24) associated with clinical outcomes in AML, which were identified in the TARGET cohort and validated in the TCGA cohort, three of which being miRNA genes (MIR29A, MIR183, MIR335) that overlapped with a KEGG cancer panel. Five genes were identified whose expressions were modulated by CNV and significantly associated with clinical outcomes, and among them, the deletion of SEMA4D and CBFB were found to potentially have protective effects against AML. Moreover, the distribution of CNV in these five CNV-modulated genes was independent of the risk groups, which suggests that they are independent prognosis factors. Conclusion Overall, this study identified 102 CNV genes and five CNV-modulated gene expressions that are crucial for developing new modes of prognosis evaluation and target therapy for AML.
High Expression Levels of KIF18A is an Independent Predictor of Poor Survival in Glioma: A Study Using Multi Public Data
Authors: Chang Haigang , Wang Yaxiao , Li Yan , Yang Weilong , Wang Lei , Ma Pengju , Li Xinxiao , Zhou Wenke , Liu Zhendong , Wang Feng
Published: September 2020

Background: Kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A) belongs to a member of the kinesin superfamily and is significantly overexpressed and abnormally functions in a variety of cancers. However, the expression profiling and the role of KIF18A has so far remained unclear in glioma. To investigate the relationship of KIF18A with clinical practice and its role in gliomas, the data from multi public datasets were used and analyzed in present study.Methods: Patients with gliomas were enrolled from CGGA RNA-seq, TCGA-seq, CGGA-microarray, GSE4290 and GSE50161 databases. The expression of KIF18A in glioma and normal tissues was analyzed through Wilcoxon rank sum test, and the relationship between KIF18A and clinicopathological features was evaluated using logistic regression. The effect of KIF18A expression in the survival of glioma patients was explored by Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis was also conducted to annotate biological function of KIF18A.Results: KIF18A expression was significantly increased in glioma tissues compared with the normal counterparts. High KIF18A expression shortened the overall survival in all grades gliomas and the survival period of patients with WHO grade Ⅲ glioma, but not significantly for grade Ⅱ and grade Ⅳ glioma. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that evaluated KIF18A expression is closely related to poor prognosis. Increased KIF18A expression was significantly correlated grades, age, IDH wide type and may serve as a biomarker of poor prognosis in gliomas. GSEA showed that the KEGG_DNA_REPLICATION, the KEGG_CELL_CYCLE, the KEGG_MISMATCH_REPAIR and the KEGG_NUCLEOTIDE_EXCISION_REPAIR were differentially enriched in KIF18A high expression phenotype.Conclusions: High expression KIF18A might be potential biomarker for the diagnosis and an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in glioma.
Aqp2 may affect the occurrence of acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Xiao Yingjie , Li Yanli , Dong Wenpeng , Gui Long , Yu Xu , Lin Min
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most important postoperative complications of cardiac surgery, and despite complete recovery of renal function after surgery, AKI is independently associated with high mortality within 10 years after surgery. Experiments show that Aquaporin 2(AQP2) is associated with postoperative AKI. Results of AQP2 release patterns after acute kidney injury have not been the same in different studies.
METHODS

We selected all patients undergoing extracorporeal circulation surgery, collected their urine samples before and after surgery, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for ten minutes, and detected the expression of AQP2 in urine by ELISA.
RESULTS

Most of the patients without AKI showed an upward trend of AQP2, while the patients with AKI showed a downward trend of AQP2. Patients with lower AQP2 levels before surgery have a lower chance of developing AKI.
CONCLUSION

AQP2 can be used to predict and prevent postoperative AKI.
Interference From Haematuria Renders the Urinary BTA Test Not Specific Enough for Diagnosing Bladder Cancer: Evidence From Clinical Practice
Authors: Xiong Xiong , He Wei , Xiong Bin , Yao Feng
Published: September 2020

Background The urinary bladder tumour antigen (BTA) stat test has already been used for the diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer (BC). However, more evidence is needed regarding its efficacy and utility in the clinic. In this study, we investigated the influence of haematuria on the performance of the BTA stat test in a clinical cohort.Methods Urine samples from 836 subjects, including 50 healthy volunteers, 553 patients with benign urologic disorders, 124 patients with histologically proven BC, and 109 patients with other histologically proven urologic cancers, were analysed by the BTA stat test and urinalysis. We detected the sensitivity and specificity of the BTA stat test in each group, and analysed the effect of haematuria on the specificity.Results Our data showed that 58.06% of patients had haematuria in the BC group. Haematuria with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), renal hamartoma (RH) and urolithiasis were identified in 39.01%, 42.86% and 66.49% of patients with benign urologic disorders, respectively. Haematuria was identified in 48.72% of prostatic cancer patients and 67.74% of renal cancer patients. The overall sensitivity of the BTA stat test was 90.32%. The sensitivity was 97.22% in BC patients with haematuria and 80.77% in BC patients without haematuria. The overall specificity in healthy individuals, patients with benign urologic disorders and other urologic cancers was 50.84%. In all patients with haematuria, the specificity of the BTA stat test was 15.82%, while it was 72.6% in patients without haematuria.Conclusions Haematuria has a significant influence on the BTA stat test. Our study suggested that the BTA stat test is not an ideal diagnostic tool for BC.
Soluble advanced glycosylation receptor is a potential target for the treatment of neutrophilic asthma
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Xie Jun , Sun Hongmei , Wei Qing , Tao Ying , Nong Guangmin
Published: September 2020

Background

Neutrophilic asthma (NA) was a subtype of asthma. Soluble advanced glycosylation receptor (sRAGE) was considered to be associated with the neutrophilic airway. However, the role of sRAGE in NA still limited.
Methods

A NA mouse model was established and the levels of sRAGE in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson trichrome staining were used to identifying airway remodeling. Adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) overexpressed sRAGE and inhibitors for HMGB1, RAGE, and PI3K were used to intervene NA mouse model via tail-vein injection and intraperitoneally injection. Expressions of airway remodeling, EMT, and signaling markers were detected using qRT-PCR or western blotting. The levels of IL-17 and IL-6 in BALF were measured by ELISA. HMGB1 was applied to induce EMT of human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE), then E-cadherin and vimentin expressions were examined after sRAGE, RAGE inhibitor, and PI3K inhibitor administration.
Results

sRAGE levels were significantly reduced in BALF and the airway remodeling was observed in the NA mouse model. AAV9-sRAGE significantly inhibited the neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and the expression of IL-17, IL-6, TGF-β1, RAGE, PI3K, and EMT markers -E-cadherin and vimentin in vivo. HMGB1 inhibitor, RAGE inhibitor, and PI3K inhibitor upregulated E-cadherin level. Moreover, HMGB1 promoted the EMT process via RAGE/PI3K in 16HBE cells and sRAGE reversed HMGB1- induced EMT in vitro.
Conclusion

sRAGE levels decrease in the mouse model with NA. sRAGE treatment attenuates neutrophilic airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and EMT. This suggests sRAGE may yield benefits in the treatment of NA.
Pain in Nursing Homes Residents With and Without Cognitive Impairment. Results From Five Consecutive Multicenter Cross-sectional Surveys Carried Out Between 2014 and 2018 in Germany
Authors: Centmayer Rainer , Leiske Manfred , Lahmann Nils Axel
Published: September 2020

Background: There is evidence that knowledge about the prevalence of pain and quality of pain management particularly in nursing home residents (NHR) with severe cognitive impairment (CI) is poor.Methods: The multicenter cross-sectional surveys explored the prevalence of pain of NHR with or without CI from nursing homes in Germany. Actual pain intensity in rest and stress were documented. NHR were asked about their daily restrictions due to pain. Data about the pain management were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 3437 residents were interviewed with respect to feeling pain, including one third each with mild and severe CI. The prevalence of actual pain was 31,8%. Women reported pain more often. Prevalence of NHR without CI or with self-report on pain was significantly higher than NHR with severe CI or with external report on pain. About 20% of all NHR were dependent on external pain-recording. Nearly 10% of all NHR with pain confirmed pain in stress above 5 on a scale of 0 - 10. 85% of all NHR with pain reported that they had pain for longer than 3 months. Residents with severe CI are 0.55 times less likely to take painkillers than NHR without CI.Conclusion: The study points out a significant deficit in pain management in German NHR with severe CI. Intensive training in pain management for employees in nursing homes is recommended.
Nucleolin rescues TDP-43 toxicity in yeast and human cell models
Authors: Peggion Caterina , Massimino Maria Lina , Stella Roberto , Bortolotto Raissa , Agostini Jessica , Maldi Arianna , Sartori Geppo , Tonello Fiorella , Bertoli Alessandro , LOPREIATO RAFFAELE
Published: September 2020

Background

TDP-43 is a nuclear protein involved in pivotal processes, extensively studied for its implication in neurodegenerative disorders. TDP-43 cytosolic inclusions are a common neuropathologic hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related diseases, and it is now established that TDP-43 misfolding and aggregation play a key role in their etiopathology. TDP-43 neurotoxic mechanisms are not yet clarified, but the identification of proteins able to modulate TDP-43-mediated damage may provide crucial information to unveil the molecular basis of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Methods

Here we generated and characterized novel models of TDP-43 toxicity in the yeast S. cerevisiae, which were used to investigate the effect of the nucleolar protein nucleolin (NCL) on TDP-43-damaged yeast cells, by employing multiple approaches (genetics, biochemistry, microscopy). We further characterized the NCL-TDP-43 relationship in human HEK293T cells, by the combination of biochemical and microscopy-based assays.
Results

We show for the first time that NCL acts as a potent suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity in yeast models, since NCL overexpression is able to rescue TDP-43-dependent damage on cell viability and morphology, by reducing the levels of TDP-43 aggregates, thus proteostatic stress. Interestingly, data in yeast cells point to the implication of the extra-nuclear fraction of NCL in the suppressive effect. We further provide evidence that NCL co-expression alleviates the TDP-43-induced toxicity also in HEK293T cells, as indicated by the restoration of cell viability, and the diminished apoptosis activation. Importantly, biochemical and microscopy data indicate that NCL protein in human cells reduces the amount of TDP-43 inclusions. Collectively, results in HEK293T cells further support the beneficial effects of NCL on TDP-43-dependent toxicity in a more consistent pathophysiological context.
Conclusions

Altogether, data in yeast and human cell models demonstrate that NCL potently supresses the cytotoxicity caused by the TDP-43 protein, and further suggest that NCL could act by promoting the TDP-43 nuclear retention, and thus reducing the formation of cytosolic TDP-43 toxic aggregates. Pinpointing NCL as a novel player in mediating TDP-43 toxicity, experimental evidence could support NCL as promising therapeutic target in ALS and ALS-related disorders.
Effect of Poverty Volatility on Tax Revenue Instability in Developing Countries
Authors: GNANGNON SENA KIMM
Published: September 2020

This paper complements the relatively few existing studies on the macroeconomic effects of poverty in developing countries, by investigating the effect of poverty volatility on tax revenue instability. The empirical analysis has been conducted using an unbalanced panel dataset of 112 developing countries covering the period 1980-2017, and primarily the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments technique. Findings have revealed that, on average, over the full sample, poverty volatility is associated with lower tax revenue instability. However, this reflects differentiated effect across countries, as low-income countries tend to experience a positive tax revenue instability effect of poverty volatility, while poverty volatility results in lower tax revenue instability in relatively advanced countries (among developing countries). Additionally, these outcomes hide the fact that poverty volatility exerts a higher positive effect on tax revenue instability in the context of increasing poverty rates. From a policy perspective, this analysis shows that it is essential for policymakers to dampen the volatility of poverty rates (notably in countries with high poverty rates) if they were to ensure the stability of tax revenue or reduce its instability, given the adverse effect of tax revenue instability on economic growth.
Modulation of Visceral Sensitivity by Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT): The Active Role of Gut Microbiota in the Persistence of Abdominal Pain
Authors: Lucarini Elena , Pilato Vincenzo Di , Parisio Carmen , Micheli Laura , Toti Alessandra , Pacini Alessandra , Bartolucci Gianluca , Baldi Simone , Niccolai Elena , Amedei Amedeo , Rossolini Gian M. , Nicoletti Claudio , Cryan John F. , O'Mahony Siobhain M. , Ghelardini Carla , Mannelli Lorenzo Di Cesare
Published: September 2020

Background: Recent findings linked gastrointestinal disorders characterized by abdominal pain to gut microbiota composition. The present work aimed to evaluate the power of gut microbiota as a visceral pain modulator and, consequently, the relevance of its manipulation as a therapeutic option in reversing the persistence of visceral hypersensitivity consequent to colitis induced by the intra-rectal injection of 2,4-dinitrobezenesulfonic acid (DNBS) in rats. Results: The effect of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) from viscerally hypersensitive DNBS and naïve donors was evaluated in control rats after an antibiotic-mediated microbiota depletion. FMT from DNBS donors induced a long-lasting visceral hypersensitivity in control rats. Pain threshold trend correlated with major modifications in the composition and structure of the gut microbiota at phylum (Proteobacteria and Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio) and family levels (Enterobacteriaceae, Akkermansiaceae and Lachnospiraceae). Acetic acid was significantly increased in the recipients FMT from DNBS donors. Gut cytokine profile, as well as tryptophan metabolism were similarly altered after FMT from both DNBS and naïve donors. By contrast, no significant alterations of colon histology, permeability and monoamines levels were detected. Finally, following FMT from healthy donors to DNBS-treated animals, a counteraction of persistent visceral pain was achieved. Conclusions: The present results provide novel insights into the relationship between intestinal microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of microbiota modulation on persistent abdominal pain.
Multiple sulfur isotopic reservoirs in the Moon and implications for the evolution of planetary interiors
Authors: Faircloth Samantha , Anand Mahesh , Franchi Ian , Zhao Xuchao , Russell Sara
Published: September 2020

Very few in situ lunar sulfur studies exist, with the major focus being on bulk-rocks in which a relatively restricted sulfur isotope fractionation is observed, leading to suggestions that the source of sulfur in the lunar interior is homogeneous. Using a novel approach, we present for the first time two complementary datasets combining in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy of lunar apatite, to investigate the late-stage behaviour of sulfur in lunar basaltic melts. Our measurements reveal varied sulfur contents of ~20–2,800 ppm and δ34S values of -33.3 ± 3.8‰ to +36.4 ± 3.2‰ (2σ). The apatites have S6+/ΣStot ratios of >0, with average values as high as 0.55, providing evidence for the existence of relatively oxidized late-stage silicate melts on the Moon. We propose the existence of multiple, previously unrecognised, distinct sulfur isotopic reservoirs in the lunar interior and atypical oxidizing conditions in late-stage silicate melts. These findings are important for our understanding of lunar formation processes and the evolution of redox conditions during the formation of terrestrial bodies.
Correlations of PD-1/PD-L1 Gene Polymorphisms with Susceptibility and Prognosis in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Iranian Population
Authors: hoseini hosnie , Yaghmaei Parichehreh , Bahari Gholamreza , aminzadeh saeed
Published: September 2020

Background,

Programed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) activity have already detected in various cancers. In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), however, the prognostic value of PD-1/PD-L1 genes polymorphisms and expression levels remains unclear. In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of PD-1/PD-L1 genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Iranian papulation.

Methods

, four single nucleotide polymorphisms of the PD-1/PD-L1 genes, including 134 NHL patients and 125 healthy controls were examined using PCR-RFLP method. The expression level of PD-1/PD-L1 genes were analyzed using real time PCR method.

Results

, our data demonstrated that the PD-L1 rs2890685 (A>C) SNP (p<0.0001) significantly was associated with increased risk of NHL. The AA genotype of PD-L1 rs2890685 polymorphism was found to be more prevalent in NHL patents compared to healthy controls. No significant association were found between PD-L1 rs4143815, PD-1 rs11568821, PD-1rs2227981 SNPs and the risk of NHL incidence. Furthermore, our data showed that the mRNA transcription levels of both PD-1 and PD-L1 were significantly higher than normal healthy controls (p<0.001).

Conclusion

, Collectively, our finding demonstrated that the functional PD-L1 rs2890685 polymorphism was associated with NHL risk, suggesting that genetic variant of PD-L1 might be a possible prognosis marker for prediction of NHL risk and its development.
Evaluating Context-Specific Evidence-Based Quality Improvement Intervention on Lymphatic Filariasis Mass Drug Administration in Northern Ghana Using the RE-AIM Framework.
Authors: Manyeh Alfred Kwesi , Chirwa Tobias , Ramaswamy Rohit , Baiden Frank , Ibisomi Latifat
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOver a decade of implementing a global strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Ghana through mass drug administration, the disease is still being transmitted in 22 districts out of an initial 98 endemic districts identified in 2000. A context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention was implemented in the Bole District of Northern Ghana after an initial needs assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the process and impact of the intervention on implementation of lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration in Bole District of Northern Ghana. MethodThe study used the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework based on a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention. Results The findings of the evaluation showed that there was an improvement in social mobilization and sensitization, knowledge about lymphatic filariasis and mass drug administration process, willingness to ingest the medication, and adherence to the directly observe treatment strategy. We observed a 6.3% increase in the district mass drug administration coverage and reduction in self-reported adverse drug reaction. The level of reach, effectiveness and adoption as the district, sub-district and at the individual participants’ level suggest that the context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention is feasible to implement in LF hotspot districts based on initial context-specific needs assessment. ConclusionThe study provided the groundwork for future application of the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the implementation of context-specific evidence-based quality improvement intervention to improve mass drug administration towards the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem.
Postpartum depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: The first quantitative evidence
Authors: Matsushima Midori , Horiguchi Hanna
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study explores postpartum depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.Methods: An online survey was conducted from May 31 to June 6, 2020 and obtained 2,878 responses from mothers with infants less than 12 months. Results: The point prevalence of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of ≥ 9 was 26.96%. Logistic regression analysis indicated a negative association between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental well-being. Conclusion: In particular, our results indicate the importance of social support and economic recovery in ameliorating mental health of mothers in the postpartum period.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of A Quality Improvement Program to Reduce Cesarean Sections in Brazilian Private Hospitals: A Case Study
Authors: Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Luz Paula Mendes , Ayres Bárbara Vasques da Silva , Torres Jacqueline Alves , Leal Maria do Carmo
Published: September 2020

Background: In 2015, a quality improvement project of childbirth care called Adequate Birth Project (“Projeto Parto Adequado”- PPA) was implemented in Brazilian public and private hospitals, aiming to improve the quality of childbirth care and to reduce cesarean sections without clinical indications. The objective of this study is to conduct an economic analysis of two models of care existing in a private Brazilian hospital - the model following the recommendations of the PPA and the standard of care model - in reducing the proportion of cesarean sections. Methods: We conducted a case study in one of the private hospitals included in the PPA project. The main outcome was the proportion of cesarean section. We used total cost of hospitalization for women and newborns, from the perspective of the health care provider, during the length of the observed hospital stay. We did not apply discount rates and inflation rate adjustments due to the short time horizon. We conducted univariate sensitivity analysis using the minimum and maximum costs observed in hospitalizations and variation in the probabilities of cesarean section and of maternal and neonatal complications. Results: 238 puerperal women were included in this analysis. The PPA model of care resulted in a 56.9 percentage point reduction in the cesarean section probability (88.6% vs 31.7%, p <0.001) and an increase in the total cost of US$ 67,346.25, which an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$ 1,183.59 per avoided cesarean section. Women in the PPA model of care also had a higher proportion of spontaneous and induced labor and a lower proportion of early term births. There were no maternal, fetal or neonatal deaths and no significant differences in cases of maternal and neonatal nearmiss. The cost of uncomplicated vaginal births and cesarean sections was the parameter with the greatest impact on the cost-effectiveness ratio of the PPA model of care. Conclusion: The quality improvement project of childbirth care “PPA” was cost-effective in reducing cesarean sections in women assisted in a Brazilian private hospital, without increasing severe negative maternal and neonatal outcomes and reducing the frequency of early term births.
Portable Continuous Wave Doppler Ultrasound for Primary Healthcare in South Africa: Can the EUnetHTA Core Model Guide Evaluation Before Technology Adoption?
Authors: Mueller Debjani , Pattinson Robert C , Hlongwane Tsakane Musa , Busse Reinhard , Panteli Dimitra
Published: September 2020

Background: This study had a threefold aim: to test the value of stakeholder involvement in HTA to reduce the evidence gaps and interpret findings; applicability of the EUnetHTA Core Model (CM) in South Africa on a medical device and thus ultimately provide a first overview of evidence for potential widespread adoption of the technology in a primary health care setting. Used in primary healthcare setting for obstetric use, the technology under assessment is a low-cost continuous wave Doppler ultrasound.Methods: To substantiate the evidence obtained from the literature different stakeholders were identified and consulted. The scoping of the assessment was defined by involving the policy makers to select the domains and the analogous questions relevant to the ultrasound and its use. Additionally, hospital managers were invited to respond to dichotomous questions on the criteria for procurement. The evidence generated from the four steps was used to populate the high-ranked assessment elements of the CM. Results: The HTA took into account the clinical benefit in screening low-risk pregnant women in primary healthcare settings using the technology. It incorporated the evidence on organizational, ethical, and social value of its use together with effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the technology. The domains on “health problem” and “safety” had a higher rank than the rest of the nine domains. Conclusions: A multi-stakeholder participation in the assessment process provided the necessary transparency and accountability, thus improving the quality of the recommendation resulting from the assessment. The collection of robust evidence and analysis post-introduction will enable the determination of the value of the technology in real-world settings.
Emodin induced necroptosis and inhibited glycolysis in the renal cancer cells by enhancing ROS
Authors: Wang Ke-jie , Meng Xiang-yu , Chen Jun-feng , Wang Kai-yun , Zhou Cheng , Yu Rui , Ma Qi
Published: September 2020

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor with unpredictable presentation and poor clinical outcome. RCC is always resistant to chemotherapy, radiation, and weakly sensitive to immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, novel agents and approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of RCC. Emodin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from rhubarb and other traditional Chinese herbs, has been implicated in a wide variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor activities. However，its role in RCC remains unkown. Methods: Flow cytometry assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay were used to detect the cell death. Reactive oxygen species was tested by the dye MitoSox and DCFH-DA. Glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate and ATP level were measured to evaluate the glycolysis process. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Results: Emodin effectively killed renal cancer cells without significant toxicity to normal renal tubular epithelial cell. Flow cytometry assay with Annexin V-FITC and PI demonstrated that emodin induces necroptosis, but not apoptosis, in renal cancer cells. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation levels of RIP1 and MLKL, the key necroptosis-related proteins, were significantly increased. To explore how emodin inhibits kidney tumor growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were tested and the levels of ROS increased upon emodin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies demonstrated that emodin induced necroptosis through ROS-mediated activation of JNK signaling pathway, and also inhibited glycolysis by down-regulation GLUT1 by ROS-mediated inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: These findings revealed the potential mechanisms by which emodin suppresses renal cancer cell growth, and will help develop novel therapeutic approaches for patients with JNK- or PI3K/AKT-dysregulated renal cancer.
A Fast CU Size Decision Optimal Algorithm based on Coding Bits for HEVC
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Chen Zhihao , Lin Feng , Zhao Jing , Long Yongbing , Lan Yubin
Published: September 2020

HEVC (High Efficiency Video Codng) employs quadtree CTU (Coding Tree Unit) structure to improve its coding efficiency, but at the same time, it also requires a very high computational complexity due to its exhaustive search process for an optimal partition mode for the current CU(Coding Unit). Aiming to solve the problem, a fast CU size decision optimal algorithm based on coding bits is presented for HEVC in this paper. The contribution of this paper lies that we successfully use the coding bits technology to quickly determine the optimal partition mode for the current CU. Specially, in our scheme, firstly we carefully observe and statistically analyze the relationship among the texture complexity and partition size and coding bits in the CUs of video image; Secondly we find the correlation between coding bits and partition size based on the relationship above; Thirdly, we build the corresponding threshold of coding bits for partition size under different CU size and QP value based on the correlation above to reduce many unnecessary prediction and partition operations for the current CU. As a result, our proposed algorithm can effectively saving lots of computational complexity for HEVC. The simulation results show that our proposed fast CU size decision algorithm based on coding bits in this paper can save about 34.67% coding time, and only at a cost of 0.61% BDBR increase and 0.043db BDPSNR decline compared with the standard reference of HM16.1, thus improving the coding performance of HEVC.
Great Obstetrical Syndromes In G20210a Mutation Carriers Associated With High Prothrombin Activity
Authors: Nikolaeva Mariya , Momot Andrey Pavlovich , Zainulina Marina Sabirovna , Yasafova Natalia Nikolaevna , Taranenko Irina Alekseevna
Published: September 2020

Objective: to study the association between high activity of Factor II (prothrombin) in blood plasma with G20210A mutation and the development of great obstetrical syndromes.Material and methods: A prospective clinical cohort study was conducted on 290 pregnant women (average age 31.7±4.7 years old). The main group was made up of 140 G20210A patients, while the control group comprised 150 women with the wild G20210G type. The aim was to evaluate the activity of Factor II in the venous blood plasma during the stages of pregnancy with regard to trophoblast invasion waves. As per results, association analysis of Factor II activity value and gestational complications was carried out.Results: In the control group, the median (Me) of Factor II activity ranged from 108% (preconception period) to 144% (pregnancy) [95% CI 130-150]. In patients with the GA type, the value was significantly higher in related periods, ranging from 149% to 181% [95% CI 142-195], p<0.0001. With Factor II activity ranging from 148.5% to 180.6%, pregnancies in the main group had no complications. Higher levels of Factor II activity were associated with the development of early and/or severe preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth retardation (FGR).Conclusion: The data obtained regarding Factor II activity in blood plasma, juxtaposed with the development of great obstetrical syndromes, allow to assume that manifestation of G20210A in early and/or severe PE and FGR is associated with this coagulation factor's level of activity. Threshold value of the Factor II activity with G20210A mutation, allowing to predict the development of PE, comprised 171.0% at the preconception stage (AUC – 0.86; p<0.0001) and within 7-8 weeks of gestation it was 181.3% (AUC – 0.84; p<0.0001).
Disability Related to Function of the Upper Extremities in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis – Course and Relation to Other Disease Parameters Over 10 Years: A Cohort Study
Authors: RYDHOLM MARIA , WIKSTROM INGEGERD , HAGEL SOFIA , JACOBSSON LENNART T.H. , TURESSON CARL
Published: September 2020

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the course of disability related to the upper extremities (UE) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to assess correlations between such disability and clinical parameters, including grip force. Methods: In an inception cohort of patients with early RA (N=222), disability of the UE was assessed using a subscore of the Health assessment questionnaire disability index (HAQ-DI), and average grip force of the dominant hand was measured. Changes between consecutive follow-up visits in the HAQ-DI-UE subscore were assessed using the paired samples t-test, and correlations with key disease parameters using Spearman’s rank test. The relation between joint involvement and HAQ-DI-UE was examined using multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: The HAQ-DI-UE decreased significantly from inclusion to the 6-month follow-up (mean change -0.26; 95% CI -0.18 to -0.34), and increased significantly after 2 years. There were fairly strong correlations for HAQ-DI-UE with grip force (r: -0.50 to -0.62), patient’s global assessment (r:0.58 to 0.64) and patient’s assessment of pain (r:0.54 to 0.60) at all time points up to 5 years, but only moderate to weak correlations with swollen joints, CRP and ESR. At inclusion wrist synovitis and tender PIP joints had both an independent impact on HAQ-DI-UE, whereas tenderness of the shoulder and the wrist had a greater importance at 6 months. Conclusions: Disability related to the upper extremities decreased significantly during the first 6 months, and increased again after 2 years. The correlations with clinical parameters underline the major impact of pain and impaired hand function in early RA.
Hydrolyzed FB1 (aminopentol) detection on urine of HPV positive Mexican women: A preliminary study
Authors: Ramírez-Cisneros M. Ángeles , Rivera Vladimir , Rios Maria Yolanda , Vargas-De-León Cruz , Dávila Sonia , Peralta Raúl
Published: September 2020

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease in humans. About 200 HPV types have been described and classified into high and low oncogenic risk for its ability to transform the cell. Some main risk factors for HPV infection are multiple sexual partners, multiparity and immunosuppression. However, these factors can not completely explain the HPV prevalence in different world regions, Mexico has a high global burden, being important to determine other external biological factors implicated. The infection is mediated by surface receptors of basal stratum cells that bind to the viral capsid entering the cell by endocytosis. Some cell membrane components such as sphingolipids have a role in structure and membrane permeability. Besides, fumonisins are micotoxins structurally very similar to sphingolipids, fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most abundant and most similar to some sphingolipids such ceramide. Fumonisins are produced by Fusarium fungus, widely distributed in maize, the main component of Mexican diet. Thus, it is possible that FB1 contamination be a factor to permeabilize the membrane expediting the HPV infection. In this preliminary study, we postulated that mechanism of HPV infection is mediated by contamination with FB1, hence, FB1 could be higher in women HPV positive. Urine samples from patients with HPV infection and healthy woman were analyzed by UPLC-MS, hydrolyzed FB1 was found only in the infected women, in contrast, in HPV negative women was not detected. Additional studies are needed to support the hypothesis of contamination with FB1 as biological risk factor for HPV infection.