bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the issue of approaches to rationing number of employees in activities of fire investigation
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, Karpov S. J.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. As part of the implementation of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of fire safety for the period up to 2030, one of the priority tasks is personnel resource support, as well as improving the management system in the body of inquiry of the EMERCOM of Russia. Therefore, the determination of the optimal number of interrogators will allow us to form an effective structure and perform the functions of investigating fires efficiently and in a timely manner. The quality of the performance of the functions of EMERCOM of Russia depends on the required number of employees, their professional training and material and technical support, which in modern conditions should be determined on the basis of multifactorial approaches. Goals and objectives. The main task of the article is to analyze the existing norms and approaches for determining the number of employees of bodies whose activities are related to the investigation of fires. For the analysis, the structures of executive authorities that perform the largest amount of work in this area are selected. This allows us to draw certain conclusions and suggestions for improving methods and techniques for calculating the effective number of employees of territorial divisions whose activities are related to the investigation of fires. Methods. The use of the analytical and scientific method allows us to analyze the trend in the development of approaches to determining the number of law enforcement officers whose activities are related to the investigation of crimes associated with fires. Results and their discussion. The article analyzes the criteria by which the approximate number of employees necessary to perform tasks in the serviced territory is determined earlier and at the present time, taking into account standard staff assignments. The questions about the application of a differentiated approach in determining the number of employees, taking into account various additional factors that affect the efficiency and quality of the fire investigation, are raised. Conclusion. The optimal determination of the number of employees solves many tasks both of a direct purpose related to a qualitative investigation of a fire, and of a socio-economic nature. This makes it possible to determine in the future the optimal funding for the tasks assigned to the executive authority, as well as to increase the level of fire safety through a qualitative investigation. Keywords: personnel resource management, number of employees, investigator, fire investigation, fire, fire safety
Assessment of the parameters of the rapid response of fire and rescue units depending on the time of day
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, Poroshin A. A. , Kharin V. V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, Bobrinev E. V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, Udavtsova E. I. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia, Kondashov A. A. ,   All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The change in the speed of the fire and rescue subdivisions to the place of call, depending on the time of day, is studied. The study is related to the determination of the locations of fire departments. Goals and objectives. The study of the parameters of the rapid response of fire and rescue units was carried out. For cities of the Russian Federation with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants of the Russian Federation for the period 2019-2021, statistical distributions by hours of the day of the number of trips to fires of fire and rescue units, the speed of mobile vehicles, the time of travel to the place of call are constructed. The share of departures for which the arrival time of the first fire and rescue unit exceeds the standard value established by Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ is determined. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the maximum value of the speed of following fire and rescue units is observed in the daytime from 10 to 15 hours - 34 km/h, the minimum value is reached at night during the period from 1 to 3 hours - 31 km/h. A study of the parameters of the functioning of fire and rescue units in cities with a population of more than 1 million inhabitants showed that the operational load on fire and rescue units in the daytime increases significantly, which can lead to an adjustment of the plan for attracting forces and resources, when, when a call is received, the guard on duty will be already busy serving another call. These circumstances lead to an increase in the travel time of fire and rescue divisions. As a result, the share of calls for which 123-FZ norms are not met is increasing. The share of such trips during the daytime increases to 18 % versus 8-10 % at night. Conclusions. When determining the locations of fire and rescue units, it is necessary to take into account peak loads that occur during the day. Keywords: fire and rescue subdivisions, speed of following, time of following, area of normative service, composition of forces and means
Ensuring the sustainability of the operation of power facilities based on the protection of digital control systems
Authors:   Ministry of Energy of Russian Federation, Grabchak E. P. , Loginov E. L. ,   Situational-Analytical Center of Ministry of Energy of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The expansion of the range of threats of critical information impacts (attacks), all of which are difficult to foresee in the design and development of digital control systems, has actualized the development of new approaches, the use of which makes it possible to detect attacks, identify them and develop control commands to stabilize equipment operation, increase the resilience of energy facilities to critical information impacts (attacks). The purpose of the study is to solve the problem of protection against unauthorized interference in the operation of automatic and automated systems that control functional units of power equipment to achieve reliability and safety of power supply as an element of ensuring technosphere safety. Research methods. Within the framework of the study, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge were used, including analysis, synthesis, generalization, which were based on the main provisions and patterns of behavior of systems and information theory. Research results. It is proposed to create a system for monitoring the stability of energy facilities to critical information impacts (attacks), adapted to work in emergency situations and in a special period. The characteristics of the system, the main functions, components, key modules (subsystems), the main stages of development, implementation and ensuring the efficiency of work are formulated. Conclusion. The advantage of the system is its adaptation to abnormal behavior (including for unknown reasons) of functional units of equipment in order to achieve reliability and safety of power supply as an element of ensuring technospheric safety. The system allows you to reduce the workload and responsibility of operators, especially in situations where there is no, lack of reliable information or the presence of questionable technological information. Keywords: energy, digital control systems, threats, protection, security, intelligent elements, equipment
Results of tests for the detection of a fire source using infrared measuring instruments
Authors:   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Aleshkov M. V. , Popov S. V. ,   JSC "Shvabe", Topolskiy N. G. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Mokshantsev A. V. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Mikhaylov K. A. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Afanasov D. S. ,   JSC "Shvabe", Samsonov K. N. ,   JSC "Shvabe", Iftodi L. A. ,   Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia conducted tests of technical means of measuring the infrared range for detecting a fire source in the mobile firing range of the PTS "Lava". The results of tests for detecting both a fire source and a person in conditions of reduced visibility - in conditions of artificial smoke are presented. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of technical means of measuring the infrared range when training fire departments in conditions of reduced (zero) visibility. The objective of the study is to determine the source of ignition and the person in the artificial smoke by technical means of measuring the infrared range and analyzing the results obtained. Methods. When conducting a study on the detection of a fire source in the conditions of artificial smoke, scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis and full-scale experiment. Results and their discussion. The results of tests at the PTS "Lava" firing range showed that when using a short-wave infrared camera, the detection range of both a fire source and a person in artificial smoke is five times greater than when using a visible range camera. The obtained results can be used in the educational process when preparing the personnel of fire departments for practicing professional skills. Conclusions. As a result of an experimental study on the detection of a fire source and a person in artificial smoke, the effectiveness of using a camera of the short-wave infrared range (SWIR-range) by fire departments when working in an environment unsuitable for breathing has been proved. Keywords: visibility, smoke, swir-range of the electromagnetic spectrum, fire source
Basic positions of support of decision making in management of fire departments
Authors:   Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of State Fire Service of EMERCOM of Russia, Aparin A. A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the features of managerial decision-making in complex socio-economic systems in the context of fire and rescue units management. The article deals with the decomposition of the decision-making process into the main elements and provides a thematic analysis of each of them. The author's classification of decision-makers on the fire from among the main positions and non-regular officials of the garrison is presented. The tasks of the research are to analyze the current state of the basic conceptual apparatus of the theory of decision support in the management of fire protection units and to formulate the most general approach to the definition of the decision support process. Methods. The analysis of Russian- and English-language literary, normative and statistical sources of information on the topic under consideration is carried out. The result of the decomposition and synthesis of the analyzed information is tables, figures and diagrams, as well as explanations to them. The author also compares the approaches to decision-making from the Russian-language management theory with the results of empirical studies conducted abroad. Results and discussion. A theoretical review of the basic provisions of the theory of decision support with an appeal to the features inherent in the process of managing fire protection units is carried out. The author presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the development of approaches to the definition of the concepts of "decision support system" and "management support", as well as the definition of the term "support of decision making". Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, a hypothesis is formulated that at the stage of development of specialized decision support systems for decision makers, a synthesis between different approaches will remain. Keywords: decision support systems, management support, decision support, fire department management, complex socio-economic systems
Role of Manual Therapy for Neck Pain and Quality of Life in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pattanshetty Renu B , Patil Sayali Nandkumar
Published: December 2021

Background:

Pain is the one the most dreadful side effects of head and neck cancers and cancer related treatments affecting patients during and after the treatment adding to the problems affecting their ability to speak, swallow, breath and feeding. Manual therapy is standard set of physiotherapy treatments used for alleviating neck pain. It has found to be effective in small subset of cancer patients for relieving pain.

Objectives:

To highlight the use of various manual therapy techniques focusing in decreasing neck pain and improving quality of life in Head and Neck Cancer survivors that may suggest its safe utilisation in oncology rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods:

Electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Pedro, and COCHRANE databases. Reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews were manually searched. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated using McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies. A descriptive synthesis was undertaken due to the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Results:

Seven studies were assessed for risk of bias that comprised of three clinical trials, one case series and three case reports that applied Maitland’s mobilisation, Myofascial release, Muscle Energy Techniques to head and neck cancer survivors in various clinical settings. The outcomes highlighted decrease in pain, improvement in cervical range of motion and quality of life.

Conclusion:

This review recommends application of manual therapy to head and neck cancer survivors. However, authors caution application of manual therapy in terms of choosing a particular technique. Further, well designed larger sample size with randomisation and double blinding would help to generate better evidence for head and neck cancer survivors.
Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Mama Dedeh (pada Program dari Hati ke Hati Bersama Mamah Dedeh di Stasiun Televisi Anteve)
Authors: Ningsih Rika , Fatmawati  , Wilda Srihastuty Handayani Piliang
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze which illocutionary speech acts of Mama Dedeh are more prominent in the question-and-answer activity with the audience in the Dari Hati To Hati program with Mama Dedeh on Anteve television station in the Nikah Muda episode. This research has contained the dialogues in the session of questions and answers between the ustazah and the audience from the program Dari Hati To Hati Bersama Mama Dedeh. The results showed that Mama Dedeh only used three illocutionary speech acts out of Searle's five speech act classifications: representative, directive, and expressive. Of the three speech acts, the most dominant one used by Mama Dedeh is the representative speech act, which is 66.7%. Meanwhile, directive speech acts are only 22.2%, and expressive speech acts are only 11.1%.
Percepción de la evaluación docente en instituciones de educación privada en México
Authors: Balderas Gutiérrez Karime Elizabeth , Ochoa Gutiérrez Roberto
Published: December 2021

La evaluación docente es parte de distintos modelos educativos que por sus características se convierte en una forma de identificar debilidades y fortalezas relacionadas con la práctica docente. En México, las instituciones de educación privada se realiza el proceso de evaluación docente en condiciones en las que influyen aspectos laborales, personales y de desarrollo profesional. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este artículo es mostrar las manifestaciones de percepción de la evaluación docente. El cuestionamiento que guio la investigación fue ¿Cuál es la percepción respecto a la evaluación al desempeño docente y su relación con la educación continua profesionalizante?
THE EXPRESSION OF NUSANTARAN ARCHITECTURE IN SESAT AGUNG ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Noor Adhitya Putri Nadine , Astrina Indri
Published: December 2021

Abstract - As a visual language, architectural expressions can be understood through arrangements of its elements with certain patterns or techniques. According to Rob Krier (1988), the assessment of geometric expressions cannot be separated from the composition of architectural forms, including proportion, rhythm, ornament, shape, material, color and texture. Along the way, Tulang Bawang Barat, which was later abbreviated as Tubaba, became a stopover for migrants from various regions. Regent Umar Ahmad pursued the construction of Tulang Bawang Barat by building a mosque and a convention hall to fill the empty fields in Tulang Bawang Barat. The architectural expression of Balai Adat Sesat Agung – with its modernity – considered as success in reproducing historical and cultural identity of Nusantaran architecture.

In identifying the expressions of Nusantaran architecture, the analysis of Sesat Agung architecture is carried out in three areas: site, building, and structure. Through descriptive-analytical methods, this research begins by formulating the properties and compositions of Nusantaran architecture expressions forming through related theories, including Nusantaran architectural theory, concepts of properties and composition, and anatomy of architecture theory. Furthermore, the properties and composition of Sesat Agung are studied to identify the expressions of Nusantaran architecture which manifested in the architecture of the Balai Adat Sesat Agung. This study found that the architectural expression of the Sesat Agung has printed a new architectural identity in Tulang Bawang Regency. However, regardless of the form and the aesthetics it carries, one thing that is missing from Sesat Agung architecture is its spatial quality.

 

Key Words: expression, Nusantaran architecture, Sesat Agung.
Islamic Microfinance and Women Entrepreneurship Performance during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Nawaz Shazia , Sheikh Muhammad Ramzan , Zahra Khatiba Asmat
Published: December 2021

Purpose: In the contemporary era, women are playing a vital role in changing the global economy as entrepreneurs, workers, and consumers, yet they encounter many problems and obstacles in the development of entrepreneurship. This study aim is to investigate the impact of Islamic microfinance on women entrepreneurship performance: mediating role of social capital and moderating role of opportunity for social interaction in South Punjab, Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach:  Data were collected from 183 women entrepreneurs, who were using Islamic microfinance, through the convenience sampling technique. Convenient sampling technique was used to collect the information. PLS-SEM was employed to statistically test the data.

Findings: This study results indicate that microfinance had a negative relationship with women's entrepreneurship performance. However, when Islamic microfinance led to the formation of social capital among women that eventually caused the women entrepreneurship performance. Moreover, the extent to which microfinance provisions affected the social capital of clients was dependent upon the microfinance providers facilitated social interaction among clients. .

Implications/Originality/Value: This paper will give benefit to academics in preparing a plan for future research. Moreover, findings will also assist policymakers and IMFIs to set out microfinance initiatives that will improve the betterment of clients and will maximize their enterprising results.
أخطار الإنترنت والرسوم المتحركة ودور الأمن المجتمعي في حماية الأطفال
Authors: Hassan Mabrouk Sanaa
Published: December 2021

تُشكّل الإنترنت أحد المصادر المهمة لانتقال المعلومة الثقافية أو التعليمية للأطفال. وقد أسهم تعدد القنوات والبرامج المخصصة للطفل، وزيادة سعة الإنترنت، إلى جانب توافر الأجهزة الذكية في متناول الأطفال؛ في زيادة قوة تعلق الأطفال بعالم الإنترنت. ومن هنا، فإن أهمية الوقوف على محتوى ما يتلقاه الطفل عبر الإنترنت تُسهم في تعديل سياسات التدخل للحدّ مما يتعرض له الأطفال من أفكار متطرفة، أو من اكتساب لسلوكيات لا تتوافق مع قيمنا المجتمعية؛ مما يشير لأهمية تعزيز الأمن المجتمعي والمسؤولية الاجتماعية حمايةً لأطفالنا من الآثار السلبية للإنترنت. وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الكيفي، مع الاستعانة بالمدخل الأنثروبولوجي وعدد من الأساليب النوعية، منها المقابلة الموجهة، والملاحظة بالمشاركة، وتصميم دليل مقابلة تتوافق محاوره مع أهداف الدراسة، وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج، منها: ميل الأطفال لمشاهدة الرسوم المليئة بالعنف، وجود آثار سلبية على صحة الأطفال، كالإصابة بالتوتر والعصبية وضعف النظر، وشحوب الوجه، وكلّ ذلك يؤثر سلبًا على التحصيل الدراسي للطفل، ضعف الوعي بثقافة الأمن المجتمعي داخل البيئات المجتمعية المحيطة بالطفل وفي مقدمتها: بيئة الأسرة، المدرسة، المؤسسات المعنية بالطفل داخل المجتمع؛ لذا توصي الدراسة بضرورة تكثيف البرامج التوعوية بأهمية الأمن المجتمعي حمايةً للأطفال من الآثار السلبية للإنترنت.
دور جهاز الشرطة في مكافحة الفساد الإداري
Authors: Saad AlRumaidhi Jamal
Published: December 2021

تهدف الدراسة إلى تشخيص ومعالجة ظاهرة الفساد الإداري الذي تفشى بين دول العالم بدرجات متفاوتة؛ إذ إنه يعتبر آفةً تصيب أجهزة الدولة في جميع قطاعاتها؛ ما من شأنه أن يُخلِف آثارًا خطيرة.
وتركز الدراسة على دور الشرطة في مكافحة هذه الظاهرة في جهازها. واعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في تناول هذه الظاهرة، حيث بدأت بتعريف الفساد الإداري، ثم استعرضت صور الفساد التي قد تقع من بعض العاملين في جهاز الشرطة. وقد ركزت على جريمة الرشوة وجريمة الاختلاس وجريمة استغلال الوظيفة وإساءة استعمال السلطة. ومن ثَمَّ تناولت أسباب ظهور الفساد الإداري وانتشاره، كما استعرضتْ الآثارَ السلبية للفساد الإداري على الجوانب الأمنية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية.
ثم تناولت طرق مكافحة الفساد الإداري في جهاز الشرطة. وقد خلصت إلى عدد من التوصيات، يتمثل أبرزها في التعديل القانوني؛ وذلك بإضافة قوانين صارمة في مواجهة الفساد الإداري؛ مثل: منع تضارب المصالح وسوء استخدام السلطة واستغلال الوظيفة وتجريم السلوكيات السيئة بالمجتمع كالمحاباة والواسطة. وكذلك زيادة التفعيل لمبدأ الثواب والعقاب للعاملين في جهاز الشرطة وتعليم أفراد جهاز الشرطة وتدريبهم على منهج مكافحة الفساد الإداري ودعم مبدأ التعاون والمشاركة وتعزيزه بين الجهات المختصة سعيًا لمكافحة الفساد على الصعيدين المحلي والدولي.
KEJADIAN GANGGUAN PEMUSATAN PERHATIAN DAN HIPERAKTIVITAS (GPPH) PADA ANAK PRA SEKOLAH DI RSUD DR LOEKMONOHADI KUDUS
Authors: Tristanti Ika , Indanah Indanah , Prasetyo Teguh Imam
Published: December 2021

Saat ini sekitar 15-20% anak dengan kasus gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH) yang akan menetap sampai mereka berusia remaja. Apabila kejadian GPPH menetap sampai remaja maka 50% nya akan menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan tingkah laku berupa gangguan kepribadian antisosial saat dewasa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian GPPH pada anak pra sekolah berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah diskriptif pada tahun 2020 di RSUD Dr Loekmonohadi Kudus. Hasil penelitian : Kejadian GPPH pada anak laki-laki 63% dan anak perempuan 37%. Kesimpulan: Kejadian GPPH pada anak lebih besar terjadi pada anak laki-laki dibandingkan anak perempuan.
"Morální intuice"
Authors: Beran Ondřej
Published: December 2021

Text usiluje o krátký kritický přehled některých prací sociálního psychologa Jonathana Haidta, s ohledem na to, jaké důsledky z Haidtových tvrzení vyplývají pro pojem morálky a možnosti filosofické diskuse o morálních problémech. Budu tvrdit, že jakkoli jsou Haidtova zjištění a jejich interpretace v mnohém pozoruhodná a přínosná, některé aspekty lidské morálky a morálního života zkreslují a spíše znesnadňují, než usnadňují jejich porozumění. V první části se dotknu Haidtova pojmu morální intuice a nejasností spojených s tím, jak mu rozumět. Vodítkem bude způsob, jakým Haidt zavádí tento pojem a pracuje s ním ve svém příkladu sourozenců Marka a Julie. Ve druhé části naznačím, jaký dopad mají tyto nejasnosti pro Haidtovy politicko-psychologické analýzy. V poslední části poukážu na význam Haidtem přehlížené rozmanitosti filosofických teorií toho, co je to morálka. Společným jmenovatelem více mých kritických poznámek je to, že i když Haidt označuje svá zkoumání za čistě deskriptivní a pluralistická, fakticky implicitně předpokládá zhruba konsekvencialistické pojetí morálky, včetně jeho normativních aspektů.
Penerapan Decision Support System Beasiswa Berprestasi pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan
Authors: Aristamy I Gusti Ayu Agung Mas , Alaik Zain
Published: December 2021

Every educational institution provides scholarships that are offered to its students with specified requirements, as well as at SMK Negeri 1 Sukawati. Students who receive scholarships are students who meet the requirements and criteria that have been determined. The criteria determined are report cards, absenteeism, achievement, organizational involvement, and violations. However, some problems arise when determining the prospective recipients of achievement scholarships at SMKN 1 Sukawati, particularly many students who have achievements outside of school activities or non-academic achievements do not get scholarships. One of the criteria-set is to have achievement, which means achievement is not only academic achievement but also non-academic. The design of a system that can provide recommendations to decision makers is needed, so that it is right on target in providing opportunities for students who meet the criteria considered. The Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used in this study because it can choose the best alternative from several alternatives. The results obtained in this study in the form of ranking and then make a recommendation to receiving a scholarship.
Pengembangan E-marketplace In-game Currency Menggunakan Framework Laravel dengan Metode Extreme Programming
Authors: Herman Daniel Apdianto , Kho Andy
Published: December 2021

In-game currency can be used to purchase various in-game items, especially in online games. In addition, in-game currency is also widely traded by players in certain online games. This eventually causes the potential for scam in buying and selling in-game currency to increase. This happened because there is no place that can be used by players to do transactions safely. The purpose of this research is to design and develop an e-marketplace for in-game currency using the Extreme Programming method which consists of planning, design, coding, and testing stages. This in-game currency e-marketplace application will be developed using the Laravel framework, which is one of the open-source PHP frameworks. The result of this research is an e-marketplace application that can be used by in-game currency buyers or sellers to do buying and selling easily and safely. With this e-marketplace, buying and selling in-game currency transactions will be easier, faster, and also scam-free
THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF COLLECTING THE DOCUMENTARY HERITAGE AND CREATING THE STATE ARCHIVAL FUND OF THE USSR IN 1917–1930S
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Khimina Nina I.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the history of collecting documentary and cultural heritage since 1917 and the participation of archives, museums and libraries in the creation of the Archival Fund of the country. In the 1920s and 1930s, archival institutions were established through the efforts of outstanding representatives of Russian culture. At the same period, the structure and activities of the museums created earlier in the Russian state in the 18th – 19th centuries were improved. The new museums that had been opened in various regions of Russia received rescued archival funds, collections and occasional papers. It is shown that during this period there was a discussion about the differentiation of the concepts of an “archive”, “library” and a “museum”. The present work reveals the difficulties in the interaction between museums, libraries and archives in the process of saving the cultural heritage of the state and arranging archival documents; the article also discusses the problems and complications in the formation of the State Archival Fund of the USSR. During this period, the development of normative and methodological documents regulating the main areas of work on the description and registration of records received by state repositories contributed to a more efficient use and publication of the documents stored in the state archives. It is noted that museums and libraries had problems connected with the description of the archival documents accepted for storage, with record keeping and the creation of the finding aids for them, as well as with the possibilities of effective use of the papers. The documents of the manuscript departments of museums and libraries have become part of the unified archival heritage of Russia and, together with the state archives, they now provide information resources for conducting various kinds of historical research.
Fiscal Decentralisation of Services: The Case of the Local Public Sector in European Countries
Authors: Halaskova Martina , Halaskova Renata , Gavurova Beata , Kubak Matus
Published: December 2021

Services are a dynamically developing economic sector in all countries. The paper focuses on public services, evaluated from the perspective of fiscal decentralization. It aims to evaluate the level of fiscal decentralization of expenditures in selected categories of public services in European countries. For this purpose, government expenditures by the local government sector are analyzed in the set of the selected 28 European countries in the period 2010-2018. Cluster analysis has been carried out in order to determine four clusters of countries based on their level of decentralization of expenditures on services. The results show differences in the extent of decentralization between the European countries in the provision of specific public services and reflect the form of financing of local public needs. A low level of fiscal decentralization of expenditures on services (public order and safety; housing and community amenities; recreation, culture, and religion) was observed in the majority of the countries. However, the majority of the countries failed to prove a high level of fiscal decentralization of expenditures on services (social protection, health, education) and a medium level of decentralization of expenditures in terms of general public services and services of economic affairs. These findings demonstrate that the degree of decentralization of public services is determined, to a certain degree, determined by country history and its geographical location, as well as by the different roles of sector-specific public policies. The findings can be helpful for creators of local public policies, strategic plans, and financial concepts.
The Role of Accommodation Enterprises in the Development of Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Çelik Muhammet Necati , Çevirgen Aydın
Published: December 2021

One of the obstacles to the success of sustainable tourism development is that the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders in the destination are not clearly defined. This research aims to determine sustainable business practices, corporate social responsibility activities, the obstacles encountered while performing these activities, and the provided benefits within the roles and responsibilities of accommodation enterprises. The study used a phenomenology research design, a qualitative study method. A semi-structured interview form was implemented to 19 senior managers of 22 accommodation enterprises in Alanya that have environmentally friendly certificates. The results showed that the managers of the accommodation enterprises considered themselves responsible for the protection and development of the environment and that the sustainable business practices they performed were mostly ecological. It was also revealed that managers of accommodation enterprises should pay more attention to planning, which is one of the basic principles of sustainable tourism. The study’s main contribution is that it discusses sustainable business practices and corporate social responsibility activities together to determine the roles of accommodation enterprises in sustainable tourism development. Besides that, it also examines the factors that prevent sustainable business practices and their benefits. Considering that few empirical studies holistically discuss the role of accommodation enterprises in the sustainable development of tourism, this study is expected to provide a significant contribution to the literature. Deficiency of planning, mainly performing ecologically sustainable business practices, and the necessity of an effective governance system are among the implications of the research.
Mardin İlindeki Küçükbaş Hayvancılık İşletmelerinin Yapısal Durumu
Authors: ACIBUCA Veysi , BUDAK Dilek Bostan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışma, Mardin ilinde küçükbaş hayvancılık üreticilerinin sosyo-ekonomik özellikleri, desteklemelerden faydalanma durumları, birliğe üye olma durumları, hayvan sağlığı uygulamaları ve sorunlarını tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2019 yılı Şubat ve Haziran ayları arasında yürütülmüş olup araştırma materyalini Mardin ilinin 4 ilçesinde tabakalı tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 142 işletmede yapılan anket verileri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler neticesinde işletmelerde ortalama 197.4 baş hayvan varlığı olduğu ve işletmelerin % 16.2’sinin hayvancılığı sadece ailenin hayvansal ürün ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerde hayvan sayısı arttıkça bilgiye ulaşma isteği ve desteklemelerden faydalanma durumunda artış gözlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde Mardin ilinde küçükbaş hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin gelişmesini önleyen en önemli faktörlerin başında yem giderlerinin yüksek olması ve çoban sıkıntısının geldiği belirlenmiş olup gençlerin hayvancılık faaliyetlerine yönlendirilmesi için çobanlık mesleğinin cazibeli hale getirilmesi önerilmiştir.
Manfaat penerapan manajemen pengetahuan bagi kinerja dosen di masa pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Sunarsi Denok
Published: December 2021

Dinamika datang tanpa dikehendaki, sebagaimana Covid-19 ini. Sejak terjadi awal tahun 2020, pandemi secara signifikan merubah tatanan kehidupan tidak terkecuali pada Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi. Dalam kondisi seperti ini, sikap bijak yang dapat diambil adalah beradaptasi. Artinya, lembaga memaksimalkan potensi manajemen pengetahuan guna menghadirkan model kerja yang relevan dan menjaga eksistensi kinerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap, bagaimana manajemen pengetahuan dalam implementasinya dapat menjadi salah satu solusi di dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kinerja dosen di masa pandemi. Untuk menjawab tujuan tersebut, maka pendekatan kualitatif ditetapkan, sebagai upaya mendapatkan gambaran utuh dari fenomena yang diangkat. Penentuan unit analisis didasarkan pada kriteria yang telah ditatapkan melalui teknik purposif, kemudian dalam pembahasan hasil penelitian digunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian dapat dikemukakan gambaran secara umum atau sedikit banyak manajemen pengetahuan membantu pihak manajemen lembaga pendidikan tinggi dalam beradaptasi dengan keadaan pandemi, khususnya dalam menjaga kinerja dosen dalam melaksanakan pendidikan. Hal ini terbukti, manajemen pengetahuan mendorong lahirnya sistem penyelenggaraan pendidikan online berbasis teknologi, sehingga kinerja dosen dalam bidang pendidikan tidak menurun. Begitu pun dalam bidang penelitian dan pengabdian, manajemen pengetahuan menginisiasi lahirnya model kerja adaptif berorientasi sistem. Artinya, walau masa pendemi covid-19 melahirkan banyak batasan dalam beraktivitas, namun dengan adanya penerapan manajemen pengetahuan, kegiatan pembelajaran, penelitian dan pengabdian  yang terkait dengan tri dharma perguruan tinggi tetap berjalan sebagaimana biasanya. Tentu, keadaan ini menegaskan, bahwa manajemen pengetahuan memiliki manfaat yang besar bagi eksistensi kinerja dosen dan lembaga.
Karakteristik Siyasah dalam al-Quran dan Hadis
Authors: Syukri Ilham , Syahidin Syahidin , Fauzan Agusri
Published: December 2021

Al-Quran is a book in which it discusses the problems of the world and the hereafter. And the hadith is the official explanation of the Koran. Understanding worldly concepts in al-Quran also requires a process of reasoning through the guidance of the Prophet's sunnah. One of the worldly problems mentioned in al-Quran is the political and ethical basics that must be adhered to in healthy politics in the style of al-Quran. Al-Quran is the principle of life, there is no single problem that exists in the world and even the hereafter unless it is regulated by the guidance and guidance of al-Quran and the valid sunnah, including in the world of politics, even the political character of al-Quran is not comparable. with it, everything is a benefit and blessing if it is used and understood by the right and proper individual. This research uses the thematic method (maudhu'i) about the siyasah verses. The results show that the political characteristics in al-Quran are 1. Bai'at, 2. Shura, 2. Responsibility, 3. Justice, 4. Silaturrahim. If these characters are applied, they will be safe in their career towards Allah SWT. On the contrary, if they do not disobey, they will be misled and get the wrath of the owner of the universe.
ANALISIS PENANAMAN NILAI KARAKTER PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DI SD NEGERI GUGUS 8 KECAMATAN PRAYA BARAT
Authors: Rahman Ali Aksa , Safruddin Safruddin , Husniati Husniati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to describe how to instill character values ​​in physical education subjects at SD Negeri Gugus 8, Praya Barat District. The problems studied in this study are (1) what are the ways or steps in inculcating character values ​​in physical education subjects in elementary schools, (2) what are the things that affect the inculcation of character values ​​in physical education subjects. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques using interviews and documentation studies. While the data analysis technique used is the Miles and Huberman model which consists of stages (1) data reduction (2) data presentation (3) data verification, and using triangulation methods as data validity. Based on the results of data analysis, the results of the study indicate that, (1) there are several ways or steps that can be taken in instilling character values ​​in physical education subjects, namely: (a) teachers improve their attitudes first (b) familiarize students with praying before and after learning; (c) familiarize students with rows; (d) maximizing each set of learning practices; (e) modification of game rules on learning materials; (f) reaffirming the character values ​​contained in the learning materials at the learning reflection stage; (g) coordinate with parents and guardians of students. (2) things that affect the inculcation of character values ​​in physical education subjects consist of: (a) inhibiting factors which include certain cultural traditions in society, limitations of tools and media, and student delinquency; (b) supporting factors, which include teachers, student readiness, learning methods and techniques, as well as the involvement of various parties.
The analysis of sleep quality of social studies vocational associate degree students and the factors that affect sleep quality
Authors: KURT Osman , DURNA Refika , YILMAZ Ali Sırrı
Published: December 2021

Aim: This study aimed to analyze sleep quality of Social Sciences Vocational School students and the factors that affect sleep quality.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The first section included questions on sociodemographic attributes and sleep quality. In the second section, "Pittsburgh sleep quality index" was applied.Results: 44.3% of the students had good sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was 1.5 times higher among formal education students when compared to non-formal education students, 3.4 times higher among those without a regular diet when compared to those who did have, and 1.4 times higher among those who did not regularly exercise when compared to those who did.Conclusion: It was determined that non-formal education, irregular diet, and non-regular exercise were risk factors for poor sleep quality.
Penanggulangan Kasus Gizi Kurang dengan Intervensi Penyuluhan dan Pengukuran Antropometri di Desa Rugemuk Kecamatan Pantai Labu
Authors: Tanjung Nadya Ulfa , Yoana Fiyola , M Rahayu , Amin Sahrul , Zega Tri D. A.
Published: December 2021

Medan is part of North Sumatra Province. The prevalence of undernutrition and malnutrition in Medan in 2013 was 19.3%, consisting of 4.2% malnutrition and 15.1% malnutrition. The prevalence rate is close to the national figure, which is 19.6%. Based on the 2015 MDGs target, the prevalence of malnutrition and children under five is 15.5%, this prevalence rate is included in the high category. The method used in this community service is counseling, demonstration and measurement of nutritional status. held on 6, 12 and 24 February 2020 in Rugemuk Village. The result of the service, namely counseling was carried out 3 times. It was conducted once at the Puskesmas Rugemuk Village, 2 times at the Posyandu Hamlet 1 and Hamlet III in Rugemuk Village, Pantai Labu District. From the results of the intervention and observations made, there are several children in Rugemuk Village whose nutritional status is less. Counseling is not only carried out at the Posyandu, but also students conduct counseling at the Rugemuk Village Health Center, Dusun II. Participants seemed satisfied with the holding of nutrition counseling with the theme according to the counseling target. Participants seemed enthusiastic when participating in nutrition counseling activities for each target group. The conclusion in this service is that intervention activities carried out to solve problems are counseling to the community as well as data collection and measurement of height and weight in children. All activities are carried out well and smoothly, outreach to the community as well as data collection and measurement of children's height and weight.
Intervensi Rendahnya Cakupan Keluarga Berencana dengan Penyuluhan, Pembagian Brosur dan Pemasangan Spanduk
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Kembaren Martalena Br. S. , Siagian David
Published: December 2021

Family planning is an increase in community awareness and participation through maturing the age of marriage, birth control, fostering family resilience, increasing family welfare to create a small, happy and prosperous family. Belawan II Village, Medan Belawan District, where most of the population lives as fishermen and laborers with a medium economic level, very dense population settlements, surrounded by wide beaches and lack of public awareness and knowledge about family planning to make family planning coverage in the village. This is still low, namely 40% of the total couples of childbearing age. From the results of the observations of the puskesmas in accordance with the indicators of healthy families, it was found that the family index value based on families participating in the family planning program was 33%. The intervention carried out to overcome this problem was to provide counseling about family planning, distribution of posters and installation of banners as a form of family planning campaign. Counseling was carried out to 73 heads of families. All the families who attended were very enthusiastic about participating in the counseling. The distribution of posters and banners is done to serve as a reminder to the public about the importance of family planning. The results of the evaluation of this activity indicate a change in public knowledge about family planning.
THE CONTINENT OF MASTERS DECISION-MAKING POWERS OVER EUROPE
Authors:   University of Craiova, Doctoral School of Sciences, Field of Geography, 13st, Alexandru Ioan Cuza St., 200585, Craiova, Romania, DIACONESCU Luca
Published: December 2021

Europe has been ruled in the past centuries from different centers depending on the dominant power, from within or outside the continent, from: Rome, Venice, Madrid, Paris, London, Vienna, Berlin and finally from Moscow and Washington. Now with the formation of the European Union, it seemed that the center was established in Brussels, but this city is far from having decision-making power, often: Berlin, Frankfurt, Washington, Paris or more recently: Istanbul, Beijing, Warsaw, Cairo, Jerusalem or Dubai are getting better rated, Brussels being only the scene in which the decisions already established in other centers are presented, without reaching a central leadership dominated by a single state.
Comparative analysis of existing platforms for the development of vaccines against dangerous and extremely dangerous viral infections with pandemic potential
Authors: Onishchenko G. G. , Sizikova T. E. , Lebedev V. N. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: December 2021

The main triggers of new infectious diseases, including those with pandemic potential, are: spontaneous emergence of infectious strains which are more virulent for humans and contribute to transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, environmental changes, social and economic factors, increased contact rates between different regions. A successful pandemic response requires mass immunisation against a specific disease, aimed at the development of herd immunity which is based on the concept of indirect protection of the whole of the population by immunising a part of it. A well-grounded choice of the vaccine platform is central to dealing with this problem. The aim of the study was to compare characteristics of vaccine platforms (attenuated, inactivated, subunit, recombinant vector, DNA, and RNA vaccines) intended for mass immunisation against dangerous and extremely dangerous viral infections with pandemic potential. The study focused on the members of Poxviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Coronaviridae families as potential pathogens. The vaccine platforms were compared in terms of the following parameters: capability of producing a robust immune response; protective efficacy; time required for vaccine development and testing; ability to produce vaccine in volumes required for mass immunisation; potential obstacles associated with the intended use of the vaccine. It is expected that in the next few decades DNA and RNA vaccine platforms will be most widely used for development of products against dangerous and extremely dangerous viral infections with pandemic potential, regardless of taxonomic groups of pathogens.
Review of global use of licensed vaccines and development of new vaccines for the prevention of pneumococcal infection
Authors: Savkina M. V. , Krivykh M. A. , Gavrilova N. A. , Sayapina L. V. , Obukhov Yu. I. , Merkulov V. A. , Bondarev V. P.
Published: December 2021

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is the most common cause of high morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age, immunocompromised people, and the elderly. Despite significant success, the approved pneumococcal conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines are of limited efficacy, providing protection against a small fraction of the known pneumococcal serotypes. The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant strains exacerbates the global challenge of treating infection caused by S. pneumoniae. At the same time, the emerging new strains dictate the need to include new serotypes into vaccines. In view of this, further improvement of vaccines for the prevention of pneumococcal infections is an urgent task. The aim of this study was to review advances in the development of polysaccharide, conjugate, whole-cell pneumococcal vaccines, as well as vaccines based on protein antigens and vaccines with an antigen delivery system. Genomics and proteomics data have helped to improve approaches to the creation of polysaccharide and protein-based vaccines, as well as whole-cell vaccines with the potential for population prophylactic coverage against various pneumococcal serotypes that are not included in the licensed pneumococcal vaccines. The method of antigen delivery to the cell is of great importance in the development of vaccines. The most promising strategy for improving pneumococcal vaccines is the creation of vaccines based on bacterium-like or synthetic particles carrying several antigens, including pneumococcal surface proteins. In conclusion, it should be noted that top-priority vaccines are those that provide a wide range of protection against circulating pneumococcal serotypes and, in addition to eliciting a systemic immune response, also induce local immunity.