bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The communication space of humpback whale social sounds in wind-dominated noise
Authors: Dunlop Rebecca A.
Published: August 2018

In animal social networks, a large acoustic communication space tends to involve complex networks. Signal masking may reduce this space, leading to detrimental effects on the animal's ability to obtain important social information. Humpback whales use acoustic social sounds (vocal sounds and surface-generated sounds from breaching or fin slapping) for within- and between-group communication. In this study, changes in various sound parameters (e.g., signal-above-noise and frequency content) of received humpback whale social sounds were statistically modeled against the combined effect of increasing wind-dominated noise and distance from the source (whale) to produce masking models. Behavioral data on vocalizing groups were also used to inform these models. The acoustic communication space, in this shallow water (<50 m) environment, extended to approximately 4 km from the signaler in median wind noise. However, the majority of behavioral interactions occurred within 2 km of the signaler. Surface-generated signals propagated better and likely function to maintain this space in higher wind noise. This study provides a basic wind-noise masking model for social communication signals in humpback whales which can be updated as more information on humpback auditory capabilities, and potential masking effects of anthropogenic noise sources, becomes available.
Auditory distraction by speech: Comparison of fluctuating and steady speech-like masking sounds
Authors: Renz Tobias , Leistner Philip , Liebl Andreas
Published: August 2018

Sound masking can diminish the performance impairment due to background speech in open-plan offices. This paper compares a steady-state masking sound with the spectrum of the disturbing speech signal to a time-reversed speech masker. As part of a laboratory experiment subjects have to complete a digit span task and a questionnaire. Both masking sounds improve the number recall performance as compared to unmasked speech. When the speech-to-noise ratio is reduced, the error rates decrease only during stationary sound masking. Sound masking with time-reversed speech increases the speech privacy at higher speech-to-noise ratios but it is perceived as more annoying.
Multiplexed oscillations and phase rate coding in the basal forebrain
Authors: Tingley David , Alexander Andrew S. , Quinn Laleh K. , Chiba Andrea A. , Nitz Douglas
Published: August 2018

Basal forebrain transforms multiplexed oscillatory inputs into a phase rate–coded output of task phase during complex behavior.
Transparent and conductive nanomembranes with orthogonal silver nanowire arrays for skin-attachable loudspeakers and microphones
Authors: Kang Saewon , Cho Seungse , Shanker Ravi , Lee Hochan , Park Jonghwa , Um Doo-Seung , Lee Youngoh , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: August 2018

Nanomembranes and nanowires build tiny, transparent loudspeakers and sensitive, voice-recognition microphones that attach to skin.
Structure and topology of band structures in the 1651 magnetic space groups
Authors: Watanabe Haruki , Po Hoi Chun , Vishwanath Ashvin
Published: August 2018

Topological properties of band structures in magnetic materials are systematically studied using symmetry representations.
Intravital microscopy of osteolytic progression and therapy response of cancer lesions in the bone
Authors: Dondossola Eleonora , Alexander Stephanie , Holzapfel Boris M. , Filippini Stefano , Starbuck Michael W. , Hoffman Robert M. , Navone Nora , De-Juan-Pardo Elena M. , Logothetis Christopher J. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. , Friedl Peter
Published: August 2018

A skin window enables noninvasive, longitudinal monitoring of cancer growth and therapy response in tissue-engineered bone in mice.
From diabetes to cancer: Glucose makes the difference
Authors: Zhang Qing
Published: August 2018

High glucose decreases TET2 via AMPK and leads to increased tumorigenesis.
Polar Localization Hub Protein PopZ Restrains Adaptor-Dependent ClpXP Proteolysis in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Joshi Kamal Kishore , Battle Christine M. , Chien Peter
Published: August 2018

Regulated proteolysis is critical for the cell cycle progression of bacteria, such as
Caulobacter crescentus
. According to one model, this regulated proteolysis requires localization of the ClpXP protease at the stalked pole for its subsequent degradation of substrates, such as CtrA. This study offers evidence that supports an alternative model to explain how localization might influence protein degradation. Using a delocalized
in vivo
system created by the deletion of a polar organizing protein, PopZ, we show that activation of the ClpXP protease is independent of its polar localization. The data point to a role for PopZ in restraining ClpXP activity, likely by controlling the activity of upstream regulators of protease activity, such as CckA, though changes in its localization.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Staphylococcus aureus Sequence Type 612 Isolate from an Australian Horse
Authors: Murphy Riley J. T. , Lee Yung Thin , Pang Stanley , Bastholm Tahlia R. , Crow Jade E. , Davis Amy M. , Coombs Geoffrey W. , O’Dea Mark A. , Abraham Sam , Ramsay Joshua P.
Published: August 2018

Staphylococcus aureus
is a serious pathogen of humans and animals. Multilocus sequence type 612 is dominant and highly virulent in South African hospitals but relatively uncommon elsewhere.
Complete Genome Sequence of Aeromonas rivipollensis KN-Mc-11N1, Isolated from a Wild Nutria (Myocastor coypus) in South Korea
Authors: Park Seon Young , Lim Se Ra , Son Jee Soo , Kim Hye Kwon , Yoon Sun-Woo , Jeong Dae Gwin , Lee Moo-Seung , Lee Jung Ro , Lee Do-Hun , Kim Ji Hyung
Published: August 2018

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Aeromonas rivipollensis
KN-Mc-11N1, which was isolated from a wild nutria (
Myocastor coypus
) in South Korea. Genomic analysis indicated that
A. rivipollensis
may have zoonotic potential similar to that of other aeromonads, and nutria could be one of the sources of transmission of zoonotic pathogens to humans.
Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis MS 501, a Potential Human Pathogen Isolated from Red Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) in Karlsruhe, Germany
Authors: Stoll Dominic A. , Danylec Nicolas , Dötsch Andreas , Becker Biserka , Huch Melanie
Published: August 2018

We report here the genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Enteritidis MS 501, a potential human pathogen isolated from red lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
var.
Exploring levels and correlates of health literacy in Arabic and Vietnamese immigrant patients with cancer and their English-speaking counterparts in Australia: a cross-sectional study protocol
Authors: Gerges Martha , Smith Allan Ben , Durcinoska Ivana , Yan Henry , Girgis Afaf
Published: August 2018

Introduction

For immigrants diagnosed with cancer, the stress of a cancer diagnosis and treatment can be amplified by unfamiliarity with the health system, lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate information, and inability to communicate efficiently and accurately with the treating team. Lower levels of health literacy may be one factor underlying poorer outcomes among immigrant patients with cancer, but there have been few studies exploring this issue to date. This study aims to investigate the levels and correlates of health literacy in two immigrant populations affected by cancer and their English-speaking counterparts.

Methods and analysis

Levels and correlates of health and eHealth literacy will be evaluated using a cross-sectional self-report questionnaire. Eligible, English, Arabic and Vietnamese patients with cancer and survivors (n=50 of each language group) will be invited to complete a questionnaire in their preferred language containing the Health Literacy Questionnaire, the eHealth Literacy Scale and study-specific questions assessing potential correlates of poor health literacy, including gender, age, education level, acculturation into Australian society and number of chronic illnesses.

Multivariable logistic regression will be used to identify potential approaches to support effective communication with healthcare providers and preferred methods for assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to support culturally appropriate cancer care.

The outcomes of this study will be used to better meet the needs of immigrant populations, including the tailoring of interventions appropriate to different health literacy levels. Outcomes will also inform strategies for PRO assessment to inform unmet needs and to address Australian healthcare system challenges to meet the needs of immigrant populations.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was reviewed and approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of South Western Sydney Local Health District (approval number: HREC/16/LPOOL/650). Results from the study will aim to be published at international conferences and in peer-reviewed journals.
Prevalence of atrial fibrillation and cardiovascular risk factors in a 63–65 years old general population cohort: the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 1950 Study
Authors: Berge Trygve , Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Ihle-Hansen Håkon , Brynildsen Jon , Pervez Mohammad Osman , Aagaard Erika Nerdrum , Vigen Thea , Kvisvik Brede , Christophersen Ingrid Elisabeth , Steine Kjetil , Omland Torbjørn , Smith Pål , Røsjø Helge , Tveit Arnljot
Published: August 2018

Objectives

To investigate the sex-specific prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), including subclinical AF found by screening in a general population aged 63–65 years. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and their association with AF will also be investigated.

Design

Cross-sectional analysis of an observational, prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study.

Setting

General population in Akershus county, Norway.

Participants

Women and men born in 1950. We included 3706 of 5827 eligible individuals (63.6%); 48.8% were women.

Methods

All participants underwent extensive cardiovascular examinations, including 12-lead ECG. History of AF and other cardiovascular diseases were self-reported. Subsequent validation of all reported or detected AF diagnoses was performed.

Results

Mean age was 63.9±0.7 years. Prevalence of ECG-verified AF was 4.5% (women 2.4%, men 6.4%; p<0.001), including screen-detected AF in 0.3% (women 0.1%, men 0.6%; p<0.01). Hypertension was found in 62.0% (women 57.8%, men 66.0%; p<0.001). Overweight or obesity was found in 67.6% (women 59.8%, men 74.9%; p<0.001). By multivariate logistic regression, risk factors associated with AF were height (OR 1.67 per 10 cm; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.22; p<0.001), weight (OR 1.15 per 10 kg; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.30; p=0.03), hypertension (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.61 to 3.86; p<0.001), heart failure (OR 3.51; 95% CI 1.71 to 7.24; p=0.001), reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.42 to 4.60; p<0.01) and at least one first-degree relative with AF (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.63 to 3.31; p<0.001), whereas male sex was not significantly associated (OR 1.00; 95% CI 0.59 to 1.68; p=0.99).

Conclusion

In this cohort from the general population aged 63–65 years, we found a higher prevalence of known AF than previously reported below the age of 65 years. The additional yield of single time point screening for AF was low. Body size and comorbidity may explain most of the sex difference in AF prevalence at this age.

Trial registration number

NCT01555411; Results.
Cohort Profile: the Predictors of Breast Cancer Recurrence (ProBe CaRE) Premenopausal Breast Cancer Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: Collin Lindsay J , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre P , Ahern Thomas P , Christiansen Peer M , Damkier Per , Ejlertsen Bent , Hamilton-Dutoit Stephen , Kjærsgaard Anders , Silliman Rebecca A , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Lash Timothy L
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The Predictors of Breast Cancer Recurrence (ProBe CaRe) study was established to evaluate modification of tamoxifen (TAM) effectiveness in premenopausal women through reduced activity of TAM-metabolising enzymes. It comprehensively evaluates the effects of pharmacogenetic variants, use of concomitant medications and biomarkers involved in oestrogen metabolism on breast cancer recurrence risk.

Participants

The ProBe CaRe study was established using resources from the Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG), including 5959 premenopausal women diagnosed with stage I–III primary breast cancer between 2002 and 2010 in Denmark. Eligible participants were divided into two groups based on oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression and receipt of TAM therapy, 4600 are classified as ERα+/TAM+ and 1359 are classified as ERα−/TAM−. The ProBe CaRe study is a population-based cohort study nested in a nearly complete source population, clinical, tumour and demographic data were abstracted from DBCG registry data. Linkage to Danish registries allows for abstraction of information regarding comorbid conditions, comedication use and mortality. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples have been prepared for DNA extraction and immunohistochemical assay.

Findings to date

To mitigate incorrect classification of patients into specific categories, we conducted a validation substudy. We compared data acquired from registry and from medical record review to calculate positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values. We observed PPVs near 100% for tumour size, lymph node involvement, receptor status, surgery type, receipt of radiotherapy, receipt of chemotherapy and TAM treatment. We found that the PPVs were 96% (95% CI 83% to 100%) for change in endocrine therapy and 61% (95% CI 42% to 77%) for menopausal transition.

Future plans

The ProBeCaRe cohort study is well positioned to comprehensively examine pharmacogenetic variants. We will use a Bayesian pathway analysis to evaluate the complete TAM metabolic path to allow for gene–gene interactions, incorporating information of other important patient characteristics.
Estimating the current and future cancer burden in Canada: methodological framework of the Canadian population attributable risk of cancer (ComPARe) study
Authors: Brenner Darren R , Poirier Abbey E , Walter Stephen D , King Will D , Franco Eduardo L , Demers Paul A , Villeneuve Paul J , Ruan Yibing , Khandwala Farah , Grevers Xin , Nuttall Robert , Smith Leah , De Prithwish , Volesky Karena , O’Sullivan Dylan , Hystad Perry , Friedenreich Christine M
Published: August 2018

Introduction

The Canadian Population Attributable Risk of Cancer project aims to quantify the number and proportion of cancer cases incident in Canada, now and projected to 2042, that could be prevented through changes in the prevalence of modifiable exposures associated with cancer. The broad risk factor categories of interest include tobacco, diet, energy imbalance, infectious diseases, hormonal therapies and environmental factors such as air pollution and residential radon.

Methods and analysis

Using a national network, we will use population-attributable risks (PAR) and potential impact fractions (PIF) to model both attributable (current) and avoidable (future) cancers. The latency periods and the temporal relationships between exposures and cancer diagnoses will be accounted for in the analyses. For PAR estimates, historical exposure prevalence data and the most recent provincial and national cancer incidence data will be used. For PIF estimates, we will model alternative or ‘counterfactual’ distributions of cancer risk factor exposures to assess how cancer incidence could be reduced under different scenarios of population exposure, projecting incidence to 2042.

Dissemination

The framework provided can be readily extended and applied to other populations or jurisdictions outside of Canada. An embedded knowledge translation and exchange component of this study with our Canadian Cancer Society partners will ensure that these findings are translated to cancer programmes and policies aimed at population-based cancer risk reduction strategies.
Protocol to develop sustainable day care for children aged 1–4 years in disadvantaged urban communities in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Das Mahua , Elsey Helen , Shawon Riffat Ara , Hicks Joseph , Ferdoush J , Huque Rumana , Fieroze Fariza , Nasreen Shammi , Wallace Hilary , Mashreky Saidur R
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Lack of safe, stimulating and health-promoting environments for children under-5 hinders their physical, social and cognitive development, known as early childhood development (ECD). Improving ECD impacts on children, and can improve educational attainment for girls, who often care for younger siblings, and employment prospects for mothers. Developing and evaluating the impacts of ECD programmes within childcare needs to assess a range of social, health, educational and economic impacts, including women’s empowerment.

Children living in slums are at high risk of poor early development and holistic, sustainable interventions are needed to address ECD in these contexts. This study will be undertaken in Dhaka, Bangladesh, a city where over 8.5 million inhabitants live in slums. In collaboration with government, non-governmental organisations and communities, we are developing and testing a sustainable day-care model for low-income communities in Dhaka.

Methodology and analysis

A sequential mixed methods approach is being used in the study, with qualitative work exploring quantitative findings. Two hundred households with children under-5 will be surveyed to determine day-care needs and to assess ECD (parent-reported and direct assessment). The feasibility of four ECD measuring tools Caregiver-Reported Early Development Index, Measuring Early Learning Quality and Outcomes, The Early Human Capability Index and International Development and Early Learning Assessment will be assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Qualitative methods will help understand demand and perceptions of day care while mothers work. Participatory action research will be used to develop a locally appropriate and potentially sustainable model of day care for under-5 children. A ward in the south of Dhaka has been selected for the study as this typifies communities with slum and non-slum households living next to each other, allowing us to explore potential for better-off household to subsidise day care for poorer households.

Ethics and dissemination

Findings will be published and inform decision makers at the national, regional and the local actors in order to embed the study into the policy and practice on childcare and ECD. Ethical approvals for this study were obtained from the School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Medicine and Health at the University of Leeds (ref: MREC16-106) and the Bangladesh Medical Research Council (ref: BMRCAIREC/20 I 6-20 I 9 I 250).
Community study to uncover the full spectrum of rheumatic heart disease in Uganda
Authors: Scheel Amy , Ssinabulya Isaac , Aliku Twalib , Bradley-Hewitt Tyler , Clauss Alexa , Clauss Sarah , Crawford Lexi , DeWyer Alyssa , Donofrio Mary T , Jacobs Marni , Klein Jennifer , Moore Teresa E , Okello Emmy , Scheel Janet , Shaw Rebekah , Sable Craig , Lwabi Peter , Watkins David A , Beaton Andrea
Published: August 2018

Objective

Estimates of the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in many endemic countries are limited to samples of children attending schools, which generate an incomplete picture of disease burden in communities. The present study conducted household-based RHD screening in a representative community in Gulu district, Uganda.

Methods

Members of households identified through a two-stage cluster-sampling approach between the ages of 5 years and 50 years were invited to undergo limited cardiac testing with a handheld echocardiogram to assess for the presence of RHD. Suspicious cases underwent confirmatory echocardiogram with a fully functional machine.

Results

Of the 2453 community members screened, 2.45% (95% CI 1.87% to 3.14%) showed echocardiographic evidence of RHD with 1.26% (95% CI 0.860% to 1.79%) having definite RHD. The overall prevalence of RHD among participants <20 years was 2.52% (95% CI 1.78% to 3.45%), with a borderline prevalence of 1.97% (95% CI 1.33% to 2.82%) and a definite prevalence of 0.544% (95% CI 0.235% to 1.07%). Prevalence rates among youth increased with age and peaked in the age group of 16–20 years. The overall adult prevalence (>20 years) of RHD was 2.34% (95% CI 1.49% to 3.49%). The majority of definite cases were mild (81%) and marked by mitral regurgitation and associated morphological valve changes (71%).

Conclusion

Our data reveal a high prevalence of undiagnosed RHD within an endemic community and fill a critical gap in RHD epidemiology in African adults.
Plain packaging: legislative differences in Australia, France, the UK, New Zealand and Norway, and options for strengthening regulations
Authors: Moodie Crawford , Hoek Janet , Scheffels Janne , Gallopel-Morvan Karine , Lindorff Kylie
Published: August 2018

By July 2018, five countries (Australia, France, the UK, New Zealand and Norway) had fully implemented plain (standardised) packaging. Using government documents, we reviewed the key legislative differences between these five countries to identify best practice measures and potential lacuna. We then discuss how governments planning to introduce plain packaging could strengthen their legislation. Differences between countries include the terminology used (either ‘plain’, ‘standardised’ or ‘plain and standardised’), products covered and transition times (ranging from 2 to 12 months). Myriad differences exist with respect to the packaging, including the dimensions (explicitly stated for height, width and depth vs minimum dimensions for the health warnings only), structure (straight-edged flip-top packs vs straight, rounded and bevelled-edged flip-top packs and shoulder boxes) and size (minimum number of cigarettes and weight of tobacco vs fixed amounts) and warning content (eg, inclusion of a stop-smoking web address and/or quitline displayed on warnings on one or both principal display areas). Future options that merit further analysis include banning colour descriptors in brand and variant names, allowing pack inserts promoting cessation and permitting cigarettes that are designed to be dissuasive. Plain packaging legislation and regulations are divergent. Countries moving towards plain packaging should consider incorporating the strengths of existing policies and review opportunities for extending these. While plain packaging represents a milestone in tobacco-control policy, future legislation need not simply reflect the past but could set new benchmarks to maximise the potential benefits of this policy.
Influence of arginine on enzymes related to arginine metabolism in bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Hu Liangyu , Xu Bolin , Wang Yifan , Wang Mengzhi , Wang Hongrong
Published: August 2018

Bovine mammary epithelial cells were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of Arginine (Arg) on enzymes related to Arg metabolism. A series of seven Arg concentrations in the medium as treatments were T0 (0.00 mg L−1) as control group, and T0.25 (69.50 mg L−1), T0.5 (139.00 mg L−1), T1 (278.00 mg L−1), T2 (556.00 mg L−1), T4 (1112.00 mg L−1), and T8 (2224.00 mg L−1) as experiment groups, respectively. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed that the nitric oxide concentration, the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in mRNA, and enzyme level were all increased in response to enhanced Arg doses such that the T8 was the greatest group (P < 0.05). Four-fold Arg concentration improved gene expression and synthesis of arginase which then deceased when excessive Arg was supplied (P < 0.05). The expressions of ornithine aminotransferase mRNA and enzyme in T1 and T2 groups were significantly greater than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). Two-fold Arg was the optimum level for ornithine decarboxylase gene expression and enzyme synthesis among all seven treatments (P < 0.05). These somewhat various effects of Arg concentrations on four kinds of enzymes in different Arg metabolic pathways suggest that Arg might participate in regulating bovine mammary physiological function with an optimum concentration by influencing the enzymes in related metabolic pathways.
Analytic homoclinic wave and soliton solutions for 2D coupled complex Ginzburg–Landau equations
Authors: Qu Qixing , Zhang Li , Liu Xiaoyue , Qi Fenghua , Meng Xianghua
Published: August 2018

Analytic wave solutions including homoclinic wave, kink wave and soliton solutions for the 2D coupled complex Ginzburg–Landau equations are obtained using the auxiliary function method, Hirota method and the ansatz function technique under certain constraint conditions of coefficients in equations, respectively. The result shows that there exists a kink-wave solution which tends to one and the same periodic wave solution as time tends to infinite.
Presentation of immersed surface-links by marked graph diagrams
Authors: Kamada Seiichi , Kawauchi Akio , Kim Jieon , Lee Sang Youl
Published: August 2018

It is well known that surface-links in [Formula: see text]-space can be presented by diagrams on the plane of [Formula: see text]-valent spatial graphs with makers on the vertices, called marked graph diagrams. In this paper, we extend the method of presenting surface-links by marked graph diagrams to presenting immersed surface-links. We also give some moves on marked graph diagrams that preserve the ambient isotopy classes of their presenting immersed surface-links.
Semiprime submodules of a module and related concepts
Authors: Lee Sang Cheol , Varmazyar Rezvan
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we consider the notion of semiprime submodules, which is a natural generation of semiprime ideals. The main purpose of this paper is to give local-global properties of semiprimes and semiprime radicals as well as results on finitely generated multiplication modules. Also, we prove that for every submodule [Formula: see text] of a module [Formula: see text], the semiprime radical of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is the direct limit of the ascending chain [Formula: see text] of submodules of [Formula: see text], and we prove that [Formula: see text] satisfies the semiprime radical formula if and only if its envelope [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is semiprime.
Bi-amalgamated constructions
Authors: Campanini Federico , Finocchiaro Carmelo Antonio
Published: August 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be ring homomorphisms and let [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) be an ideal of [Formula: see text] (respectively, [Formula: see text]) satisfying [Formula: see text]. Recently, Kabbaj, Louartiti and Tamekkante defined and studied the following subring: [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], called the bi-amalgamation of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] along [Formula: see text], with respect to [Formula: see text]. This ring construction is a natural generalization of the amalgamated algebras, introduced and studied by D’Anna, Finocchiaro and Fontana.

The aim of this paper is to continue the investigation started by Kabbaj, Louartiti and Tamekkante by providing a deeper insight on the ideal-theoretic structure of bi-amalgamations.
Equivalence of symbolic and adic topologies
Authors: Azari Adeleh , Mollamahmoudi Simin , Naghipour Reza
Published: August 2018

Let [Formula: see text] denote an ideal of a Noetherian ring [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] a nonzero finitely generated [Formula: see text]-module. It is shown that if the [Formula: see text]-symbolic topology is equivalent to the [Formula: see text]-adic topology on [Formula: see text], for all [Formula: see text], then the [Formula: see text]-symbolic topology on [Formula: see text] is equivalent to the [Formula: see text]-adic topology on [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we show that if [Formula: see text] consists of a single prime ideal, for all [Formula: see text], then the [Formula: see text]-adic and the [Formula: see text]-symbolic topologies on [Formula: see text] are equivalent. Finally, it is shown that if for every one-dimensional prime ideal [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], the [Formula: see text]-adic and the [Formula: see text]-symbolic topologies are equivalent on [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is unmixed and [Formula: see text] has only one element.
An Omnistereoscopic Video Pipeline for Capture and Display of Real-World VR
Authors: Schroers Christopher , Bazin Jean-Charles , Sorkine-Hornung Alexander
Published: August 2018

In this article, we describe a complete pipeline for the capture and display of real-world Virtual Reality video content, based on the concept of omnistereoscopic panoramas. We address important practical and theoretical issues that have remained undiscussed in previous works. On the capture side, we show how high-quality omnistereo video can be generated from a sparse set of cameras (16 in our prototype array) instead of the hundreds of input views previously required. Despite the sparse number of input views, our approach allows for high quality, real-time virtual head motion, thereby providing an important additional cue for immersive depth perception compared to static stereoscopic video. We also provide an in-depth analysis of the required camera array geometry in order to meet specific stereoscopic output constraints, which is fundamental for achieving a plausible and fully controlled VR viewing experience. Finally, we describe additional insights on how to integrate omnistereo video panoramas with rendered CG content. We provide qualitative comparisons to alternative solutions, including depth-based view synthesis and the Facebook Surround 360 system. In summary, this article provides a first complete guide and analysis for reimplementing a system for capturing and displaying real-world VR, which we demonstrate on several real-world examples captured with our prototype.
Crop Foraging, Crop Losses, and Crop Raiding
Authors: Hill Catherine M.
Published: August 2018

Crop foraging or crop raiding concerns wildlife foraging and farmers’ reactions and responses to it. To understand crop foraging and its value to wildlife or its implications for humans requires a cross-disciplinary approach that considers the behavior and ecology of wild animals engaging in this behavior; the types and levels of competition for resources between people and wildlife; people's perceptions of and attitudes toward wildlife, including animals that forage on crops; and discourse about animals and their behaviors and how these discourses can be used for expressing dissent and distress about other social conflicts. So, to understand and respond to conflicts about crop damage, we need to look beyond what people lose, i.e., crop loss and economic equivalence, and focus more on what people say about wildlife and why they say it.
The Gender of the War on Drugs
Authors: Muehlmann Shaylih
Published: August 2018

In this review, I explore some of the lines of inquiry that have emerged in anthropology and closely related disciplines around the theme of drugs and gender. The critical research on drugs over the past few decades has tended to focus on how prohibition policies are racialized, which has been important for revealing the injustice and racism found in drug policies and in commonsense notions about drugs and drug use. Drawing from intersectional theorists who have long argued that racial categories are never experienced or imposed as singular identities separate from gender, language, class, and sexuality, I argue in this article that the literature on gender and drugs has struggled with two main interrelated problems: determining ( a) how to understand gender and race together and ( b) how to theorize gender in relation to power when these two factors are often conflated with each other in both popular discourse and theoretical dispositions about the war on drugs.
Bivalve Impacts in Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems
Authors: Vaughn Caryn C. , Hoellein Timothy J.
Published: August 2018

Bivalve molluscs are abundant in marine and freshwater ecosystems and perform important ecological functions. Bivalves have epifaunal or infaunal lifestyles but are largely filter feeders that couple the water column and benthos. Bivalve ecology is a large field of study, but few comparisons among aquatic ecosystems or lifestyles have been conducted. Bivalves impact nutrient cycling, create and modify habitat, and affect food webs directly (i.e., prey) and indirectly (i.e., movement of nutrients and energy). Materials accumulated in soft tissue and shells are used as environmental monitors. Freshwater mussel and oyster aggregations in rivers and estuaries are hot spots for biodiversity and biogeochemical transformations. Historically, human use includes food, tools, currency, and ornamentation. Bivalves provide direct benefits to modern cultures as food, building materials, and jewelry and provide indirect benefits by stabilizing shorelines and mitigating nutrient pollution. Research on bivalve-mediated ecological processes is diverse, and future synthesis will require collaboration across conventional disciplinary boundaries.
Chandrasekhar's Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Sreenivasan Katepalli R.
Published: August 2018

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995) is justly famous for his lasting contributions to topics such as white dwarfs and black holes (which led to his Nobel Prize), stellar structure and dynamics, general relativity, and other facets of astrophysics. He also devoted some dozen or so of his prime years to fluid dynamics, especially stability and turbulence, and made important contributions. Yet in most assessments of his science, far less attention is paid to his fluid dynamics work because it is dwarfed by other, more prominent work. Even within the fluid dynamics community, his extensive research on turbulence and other problems of fluid dynamics is not well known. This review is a brief assessment of that work. After a few biographical remarks, I recapitulate and assess the essential parts of this work, putting my remarks in the context of times and people with whom Chandrasekhar interacted. I offer a few comments in perspective on how he came to work on turbulence and stability problems, on how he viewed science as an aesthetic activity, and on how one's place in history gets defined.
Specific knockdown of HOXB7 inhibits cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and invasion while inducing apoptosis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Gao Dong , Chen Hong-Quan
Published: August 2018

Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a major cause of death associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. The involvement of homeobox B7 ( HOXB7) in cancers has been reported. Thus, the current study intends to explore the effect of HOXB7 on CSCC and its relationship with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Initially, microarray-based gene expression profiling of CSCC was performed, and HOXB7 was identified as an upregulated gene based on the microarray data of GSE66359 . Following this, the experimental results indicated that HOXB7 and β-catenin formed a composite, demonstrating that endogenous HOXB7 binds to β-catenin. Subsequently, CSCC cells were treated with siRNA against HOXB7 or an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to analyze any underlying regulatory mechanism of HOXB7 on the CSCC cells. Tumor growth involving xenografts in nude mice was also observed so as to explore whether or not HOXB7 could regulate subcutaneous tumor growth through in vivo culturing. To investigate the potential effects of HOXB7 on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, we determined the expression of HOXB7 and downstream genes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOXB7 inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby impeding the progression of cell viability, migration, and invasion as well as of the tumor growth, although contrarily facilitating cell apoptosis. Taken together, silencing of the HOXB7 has the mechanism of inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby accelerating cell apoptosis and suppressing cell migration and invasion in CSCC, which could provide a candidate target for the CSCC treatment.
Impaired Adipogenesis and Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue in Human Hypertrophic Obesity
Authors: Hammarstedt Ann , Gogg Silvia , Hedjazifar Shahram , Nerstedt Annika , Smith Ulf
Published: August 2018

The subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the largest and best storage site for excess lipids. However, it has a limited ability to expand by recruiting and/or differentiating available precursor cells. When inadequate, this leads to a hypertrophic expansion of the cells with increased inflammation, insulin resistance, and a dysfunctional prolipolytic tissue. Epi-/genetic factors regulate SAT adipogenesis and genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes is associated with markers of an impaired SAT adipogenesis and development of hypertrophic obesity also in nonobese individuals. We here review mechanisms for the adipose precursor cells to enter adipogenesis, emphasizing the role of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and its endogenous antagonist gremlin-1, which is increased in hypertrophic SAT in humans. Gremlin-1 is a secreted and a likely important mechanism for the impaired SAT adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity. Transiently increasing BMP-4 enhances adipogenic commitment of the precursor cells while maintained BMP-4 signaling during differentiation induces a beige/brown oxidative phenotype in both human and murine adipose cells. Adipose tissue growth and development also requires increased angiogenesis, and BMP-4, as a proangiogenic molecule, may also be an important feedback regulator of this. Hypertrophic obesity is also associated with increased lipolysis. Reduced lipid storage and increased release of FFA by hypertrophic SAT are important mechanisms for the accumulation of ectopic fat in the liver and other places promoting insulin resistance. Taken together, the limited expansion and storage capacity of SAT is a major driver of the obesity-associated metabolic complications.
Evaluation of Pavement Performance due to Overload Single‐Trip Permit Truck Traffic in Wisconsin
Authors: Titi Hani H. , Coley Nicholas J. , Latifi Valbon
Published: August 2018

This study investigated the impacts of overweight (OW) permit truck traffic on flexible pavement performance in Wisconsin using field investigation and analysis utilizing the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software. A database of overweight single‐trip permit truck records was analysed to produce a network of Wisconsin corridors heavily travelled by OW trucks. Four Wisconsin highways were selected for investigation due to high levels of OW truck traffic. The research included field work (traffic counts and visual pavement surface distress surveys) and AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to evaluate pavement performance due to normal traffic loads as well as normal traffic loads plus the OW truck traffic loads. The use of mechanistic‐empirical (ME) pavement analyses provided a methodology for estimating the proportion of pavement deterioration attributable to OW truck traffic. OW axle load distributions were developed and integrated with baseline truck traffic levels to develop axle load spectra and other traffic input parameters for the ME pavement analysis. The predicted total pavement deterioration levels from the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software were generally consistent with the levels of deterioration observed. The proportion of pavement damage and deterioration attributable to OW truck traffic was predicted to constitute a relatively minor proportion of total deterioration, with most distress indices showing relative increases of approximately 0.5% to 4%, with a few outliers. However, due to the small proportion of OW vehicles relative to the overall traffic levels, the OW vehicles were generally predicted to cause up to ten times the per‐truck damage as compared with a typical legal‐weight truck, depending on the distress mode and the test site.
Al-Waste-Based Zeolite Adsorbent Used for the Removal of Ammonium from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Ruth , Padilla Isabel , López-Andrés Sol , López-Delgado Aurora
Published: August 2018

This work evaluates the use of a synthetic NaP1 zeolite obtained from a hazardous Al-containing waste for the removal of ammonium (NH4+) from aqueous solutions by batch experiments. Experimental parameters, such as pH (6–8), contact time (1–360 min), adsorbent dose (1–15 g/L), and initial NH4+ concentration (10–1500 mg/L), were evaluated. Adsorption kinetic models and equilibrium isotherms were determined by using nonlinear regression. The kinetic was studied by applying both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The equilibrium isotherms were analyzed according to two-parameter equations (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin) and three-parameter equations (Redlich–Peterson, Sips, and Toth). The results showed that the NH4+ uptake on NaP1 was fast (15 min) leading to a high experimental sorption capacity (37.9 mg/g). The NH4+ removal on NaP1 was a favorable process that followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The NH4+ adsorption was better described by the Sips (54.2 mg/g) and Toth (58.5 mg/g) models. NaP1 zeolite from Al-waste showed good NH4+ sorption properties, becoming a potential adsorbent to be used in the treatment of contaminated aqueous effluents. Thus, a synergic effect on the environmental protection can be achieved: the end of waste condition of a hazardous waste and the water decontamination.
Stereoacuity of Black-White and Red-Green Patterns in Individuals with and without Color Deficiency
Authors: Sun Ying , Wu Huang , Qiu Yinghong , Yue Zhiqiang
Published: August 2018

Background. Chromatic contrast may affect stereopsis. Daltonism is a common color deficiency in which the colors red and green are incorrectly detected. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stereoacuity of color-defective individuals presented with color symbols that they see defectively. Methods. Ten students diagnosed with daltonism and 10 students with normal color vision were recruited. A stereopsis test system using a phoropter and two 4K smartphones was used. Contour-based graphs and random-dot graphs with black versus white and red versus green patterns were used as test symbols. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to test the difference between groups. Results. No significant difference in stereoacuity was found between contour-based and random-dot graphs within both daltonism cohort and normal color vision cohort (P>0.05). A significant difference in stereoacuity was found between the black-white (P=0.005) and red-green (P=0.007) graphs for the daltonism cohort, while no significant difference in stereoacuity was found for the normal color vision cohort (P>0.05). Conclusion. Chromatic contrast is an influential factor for stereopsis measurement in individuals with color deficiency.
Combination-Combination Projective Synchronization of Multiple Chaotic Systems Using Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Sun Junwei , Li Nan , Fang Jie
Published: August 2018

Based on projective synchronization and combination synchronization model, a type of combination-combination projective synchronization is realized via nonsingular sliding mode control technique for multiple different chaotic systems. Concretely, on the basic of the adaptive laws and stability theory, the corresponding sliding mode control surfaces and controllers are designed to achieve the combination-combination projective synchronization between the combination of two chaotic systems as drive system and the combination of multiple chaotic systems as response system with disturbances. Some criteria and corollaries are derived for combination-combination projective synchronization of the multiple different chaotic systems. Finally, the numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and correctness of the synchronization scheme.
Ground State Solutions for Schrödinger Problems with Magnetic Fields and Hardy-Sobolev Critical Exponents
Authors: Liu Min , Yue Xiaorui
Published: August 2018

A Schrödinger equation and system with magnetic fields and Hardy-Sobolev critical exponents are investigated in this paper, and, under proper conditions, the existence of ground state solutions to these two problems is given.
An Elastoplastic Softening Damage Model for Hydraulic Fracturing in Soft Coal Seams
Authors: Hao Yang , Wu Yu , Mao Xianbiao , Li Pan , Zhang Liqiang , Tao Jing
Published: August 2018

In order to improve the permeability of soft coal seams with low intensity and permeability by hydraulic fracturing, an elastoplastic softening damage model of soft coal seams has been established, which takes into consideration the lower elastic modulus and tensile strength and higher pore compressibility and plastic deformation. The model then was implemented to FLAC3D finite difference software to be verified with the on-site results of the Number 2709 coalface in Datong coal mine, China. The modelling results of fracture-influenced radius show good consistency with on-site results. Then the parameters of water injection rate and time on fracture-influenced radius were studied. The results indicate that the fracture-influenced radius increases rapidly with an increased injection rate initially. After reaching the maximum value, fracture-influenced radius decreases slowly with further increase of the injection rate. Finally, it remains constant. The fracture-influenced radius rapidly increases initially at a certain time and then slowly increases with the injection time. The novel model and numerical method could be used to predict the radius of hydraulic fracture-influenced area and choose the suitable injection parameters to help the on-site work more efficiently.
A New Route to Fabricate Multifunctional and Multistage Composite Nanoparticle
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Pin , Hu Xiaohong
Published: August 2018

The focus of nanoparticle research is on exploring its application in all kinds of field. Among these, multifunctional nanoparticle attracts increasing interest due to its fittest property and adjustable property. Herein, a multifunctional and multistage nanoparticle considering the advantage of both nanogel and pH-responsive property has been designed and synthesized in the research. The composite nanoparticle was obtained by in situ processing and polymerization technique using acetylated β-cyclodextrin and gelatin as materials. Gelatin was first encapsulated into Ac-β-CD nanoparticle in order to investigate optimal fabrication conditions of W/O/W technique. The results showed that the nanoparticle had monodisperse characteristic and coarse spherical morphology, which was influenced by factors such as PVA concentration and water/oil ratio. In further step, two-phase composite nanoparticle could be obtained by combined W/O/W technique and in situ polymerization using optimal preparative parameters of W/O/W technique. Two-phase structure could be confirmed by TEM images and DLS results. Fabrication temperature had no effect on the diameters of composite nanoparticle, but influenced the encapsulated efficiency of nanogel. Finally, composite nanoparticle showed quick pH response property at mild acid medium and no obvious cytotoxicity.