bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selvet som præverbal kategori
Authors: Sommer Dion
Published: September 2023

Historiske opfattelser af selvet præsenteres kort, hvor det er hensigten at relativere enhver teori om selvet. Dernæst diskuteresDaniel Stern' s placering indenfor psykoanalyse og udviklingspsykologi, belyst især ved positionen vis-a-vis Margaret Mahler.Selv-begrebet hos Stern behandles. Udvalgte dimensioner i udviklingen af de præ-verbale selver og tilhørende begrebskonstruktioner præsenteres og diskuteres. Stern' s teori lokaliseres inden for en universalistisk og essentialistisk tradition. Problemer forbundet hermed diskuteres i lys af kontekstuel og tværkulturel psykologi. Gennem en ekstrapolering forsøges Daniel Stern' s teori indlejret i en kontekstuel ramme.
Udviklingspsykologi - På tværs af aldre
Authors: Gitz-Johansen Thomas , Mathiassen Charlotte , Nielsen Anne Maj
Published: September 2023

Udviklingspsykologien har i en årrække været udsat for kritikfra forskellige sider. Denne kritik har vi redaktører af dette temanummerdrøftet ad flere omgange, ligesom vi har overvejet,om barnet i samme ombæring er skyllet ud med badevandet? Vihar diskuteret, på hvilke måder psykologiske teorier i dag giveros muligheder for at forstå, begribe, tænke og tale om børns,unges og voksnes psykologiske udvikling, og om hvilke forholdder hæmmer og fremmer denne udvikling? Disse spørgsmålblev vores anledning til at arbejde med dette temanummer, somindeholder en række perspektiver på udviklingspsykologi, udviklingsvidenskabog konkrete temaer inden for den udviklingspsykologiskedisciplin.
Livsløbsudviklingen af intelligens og dens sammenhæng med centrale livsudfald
Authors: Larsen Lars , Pacak-Vedel Anna , Christoffersen Morten
Published: September 2023

Denne artikels primære formål er at give læseren et overblikmed hensyn til de mere overordnede intelligensformers udviklingover et livsløb og sekundært at undersøge, om intelligenskan forudsige udvalgte livsudfald i bestemte aldersperioder. Viafklarer en række forhold, såsom hvad intelligens er, hvordanden kan måles på tværs af forskellige livsfaser, og hvorledesudvikling defineres som absolut forandring på gruppeniveaueller som forandring i individuelle forskelle. Livsløbsudviklingeni intelligens illustreres fra den tidlige barndom til den senealderdom via det skandinaviske normmateriale fra tre sammenligneligetests udviklet af den amerikanske psykolog DavidWechsler og suppleres med længdesnitsundersøgelser, der ogsåanvendes til at afklare den prædiktive værdi af intelligens. Udviklingenviser sig at variere betydeligt som et resultat af intelligenstype,udviklingstype og livsperiode. Individuelle forskellei intelligens har væsentlig forudsigelsesværdi med hensyn tilvigtige livsudfald i alle livets faser.
Fænomenologiske træk ved hæmning af følelser og hæmningsfølelser. 2.
Authors: Johansen Martin
Published: September 2023

Artiklen bringer forsøg på at få øje på nogle karakteristiske former for hæmning af følelse, der sammenlignes og navngives. Det er områder udenfor fortrængningsdynamikker, der afgiver stof. De nye beskrivelser af tøjlings-fænomener fortsætter en tidligere artikel om samme emne. Såvidt muligt udredes spillet mellem emotivt og kognitivt under hæmningsforløb, og indenfor nogle af hæmningskategorierne afbødning, slukning, fordrivelse, overtag og fordunkling skelnes der mellem, hvad der ser ud til at være ren følelsesmæssig hæmning af en anden følelse, og hvad ren kognitiv-voluntær -. hvor kombinationer af begge dele også kan skille sig ud som en dynamisk type. Det er svært at føle sig endeligt sikker på karakteristikken. Mærkværdigt er, at følelse også kan hæmmes uden en anden følelses mellemkomst og uden en kognitiv-voluntær ansporing. På dette bringes en række markante eksempler. At hæmning i tilgift vil sige forvandling af den følelse, der hæmmes, undertiden endda både dette og transformering af det hæmmende agens, eksemplificeres desuden. Hæmning synes at kunne antage langt flere fremtrædelsesformer end først antaget, men det kan være et spørgsmål, om begrebet begynde at blive anstrengt gennem denne analyses tolkninger. Artiklen tænkes fortsat ved lejlighed.
Den rene sjæl og den rene lyst
Authors: Kutchinsky Berl
Published: September 2023

Artiklen er en kulturhistorisk/retshistorisk og retssociologisk studie i lovgivningsmagtens og domstolenes forhold til publicerede seksuelle skildringer, især i Danmark. Det påvises, at medens en omfattende produktion af egentlig pornografi opstår og udvikler sig i Central- og Sydeuropa fra midten af 1600-tallet, kommer pornografien først for alvor til Danmark i 1960'erne. Alligevel følger Danmark trop, da der i det øvrige Europa fra slutningen af 1700-tallet indføres lovbestemmelser til undertrykkelse af pornografi. Dansk lovgivning og retspraksis på dette område gennemgås frem til pornofrivgivelsen i 1967 og 1969. Det konstateres, at medens der gennem successive nye love og lovændringer sker en radikal omdefinering og gradvis udvidelse af kriminaliseringen, der kulminerer i 1939, fastholder domstolene fra første færd en selvstændig praksis, der indebærer straf for seksuelle skildringer der formodes at føre til en skadelig »sanselig ophidselse« hos læseren eller beskueren. Der argumenteres og fremføres indicier for det synspunkt, at pornografiens opståen og udvikling, og autoriteternes reaktioner herpå, er nært knyttet til visse befolkningsgruppers behov for, og det fremherskende syn på, autoerotisk stimulation. Relationen til udviklingen i den generelle seksuelle kontrol og (dermed) til grundlæggende samfundsforhold og livsvilkår påpeges.
Complex aneuploidy triggers autophagy and p53-mediated apoptosis and impairs the second lineage segregation in human preimplantation embryos
Authors: Regin Marius , Lei Yingnan , De Deckersberg Edouard Couvreu , Guns Yves , Verdyck Pieter , Verheyen Greta , Van de Velde Hilde , Sermon Karen , Spits Claudia
Published: September 2023

About 70% of human cleavage stage embryos show chromosomal mosaicism, falling to 20% in blastocysts. Chromosomally mosaic human blastocysts can implant and lead to healthy new-borns with normal karyotypes. Studies in mouse embryos and human gastruloids have shown that aneuploid cells show proteotoxic stress, autophagy and p53 activation and that they are eliminated from the epiblast by apoptosis while being rather tolerated in the trophectoderm. These observations suggest a selective loss of aneuploid cells from human embryos, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study we investigated the cellular consequences of aneuploidy in a total of 85 human blastocysts. RNA-sequencing of trophectoderm cells showed transcriptional signatures of a deregulated p53 pathway and apoptosis, which was proportionate to the level of chromosomal imbalance. Immunostaining revealed that aneuploidy triggers proteotoxic stress, autophagy and apoptosis in aneuploid embryos. Total cell numbers were lower in aneuploid embryos, due to a decline both in trophectoderm and in epiblast/primitive endoderm cell numbers. While lower cell numbers in trophectoderm may be attributed to apoptosis, it appeared that aneuploidy impairs the second lineage segregation and primitive endoderm formation in particular. Our findings might explain why fully aneuploid embryos fail to further develop and we hypothesize that the same mechanisms lead to removal of aneuploid cells from mosaic embryos. This hypothesis needs further study as we did not analyse chromosomal mosaic embryos. Finally, we demonstrated clear differences with previous findings in the mouse, emphasizing the need for human embryo research to understand the consequences of aneuploidy.
Microbes with higher metabolic independence are enriched in human gut microbiomes under stress
Authors: Veseli Iva , Chen Yiqun T , Schechter Matthew S , Vanni Chiara , Fogarty Emily C , Watson Andrea R , Jabri Bana , Blekhman Ran , Willis Amy D , Yu Michael K , Fernàndez-Guerra Antonio , Füssel Jessika , Eren A Murat
Published: September 2023

A wide variety of human diseases are associated with loss of microbial diversity in the human gut, inspiring a great interest in the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of the microbiota. However, the ecological forces that drive diversity reduction in disease states remain unclear, rendering it difficult to ascertain the role of the microbiota in disease emergence or severity. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that microbial diversity is diminished as disease states select for microbial populations that are more fit to survive environmental stress caused by inflammation or other host factors. Here, we tested this hypothesis on a large scale, by developing a software framework to quantify the enrichment of microbial metabolisms in complex metagenomes as a function of microbial diversity. We applied this framework to over 400 gut metagenomes from individuals who are healthy or diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that high metabolic independence (HMI) is a distinguishing characteristic of microbial communities associated with individuals diagnosed with IBD. A classifier we trained using the normalized copy numbers of 33 HMI-associated metabolic modules not only distinguished states of health versus IBD, but also tracked the recovery of the gut microbiome following antibiotic treatment, suggesting that HMI is a hallmark of microbial communities in stressed gut environments.
Microbes with higher metabolic independence are enriched in human gut microbiomes under stress
Authors: Veseli Iva , Chen Yiqun T. , Schechter Matthew S. , Vanni Chiara , Fogarty Emily C. , Watson Andrea R. , Jabri Bana , Blekhman Ran , Willis Amy D. , Yu Michael K. , Fernàndez-Guerra Antonio , Füssel Jessika , Eren A. Murat
Published: September 2023

A wide variety of human diseases are associated with loss of microbial diversity in the human gut, inspiring a great interest in the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of the microbiota. However, the ecological forces that drive diversity reduction in disease states remain unclear, rendering it difficult to ascertain the role of the microbiota in disease emergence or severity. One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that microbial diversity is diminished as disease states select for microbial populations that are more fit to survive environmental stress caused by inflammation or other host factors. Here, we tested this hypothesis on a large scale, by developing a software framework to quantify the enrichment of microbial metabolisms in complex metagenomes as a function of microbial diversity. We applied this framework to over 400 gut metagenomes from individuals who are healthy or diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that high metabolic independence (HMI) is a distinguishing characteristic of microbial communities associated with individuals diagnosed with IBD. A classifier we trained using the normalized copy numbers of 33 HMI-associated metabolic modules not only distinguished states of health versus IBD, but also tracked the recovery of the gut microbiome following antibiotic treatment, suggesting that HMI is a hallmark of microbial communities in stressed gut environments.
A Review of Millet Crops for Agricultural Sustainability in India
Authors: Dwivedi Neha , Rathore Veena , Sharma Kiran
Published: September 2023

A major issue in India is the sustainability of agriculture due to population expansion, climate change, and mounting demands on natural resources. This review paper explores how millet crops might help India's agriculture become more sustainable. A family of small-seeded grains known as millets has been cultivated for millennia and has various distinctive qualities that make them appropriate for sustainable farming methods. The paper looks at the advantages of growing millet from an environmental, economic, and social standpoint, as well as the difficulties and potential solutions for their broad adoption. Additionally, millet contributes to improved soil health, water resource conservation, mitigation against climate change, and strengthening rural communities. The review's conclusions underscore the important part millet crops can play in achieving agricultural sustainability and offer suggestions for how politicians, academics, and farmers should encourage the development of millet crops.
Perceptions and Adaptation Practices of Agropastoralists to Rainfall and Temperature Changes in Mali
Authors: Tapily Assa , Olufayo A. A. , Rudiger Anlauf, , Diarra Mamadou
Published: September 2023

Many people in African countries derive their livelihoods from agriculture and livestock. Therefore, unfavourable environmental and climatic conditions render them more vulnerable to increasing food insecurity and poverty rates. However, few studies have investigated how farmers’ adaptation strategies affect farm productivity and household food security in the Sahelian region, notably Mali. This study aims to examine the impacts of climate change agro-pastoralists and to analyse the adaptation strategies in Mali. For this purpose, an analysis of daily rainfall and temperature data from 1960 to 2020 over Bamako, Ségou and Sikasso station was carried out using Instat+ v3.36, Rstudio, XLSTAT and Rclimdex software. Field surveys were conducted among 355 agropastoralists in three regions of Mali to assess the impacts and adaptation strategies of agropastoralists. The analysis of climate data showed a downward trend in overall rainfall. As for the temperature, it shows an upward trend over the series from 1960 to 2020 at the station of Ségou, Sikasso and Bamako.

Agropatoralists use adaptation strategies such as organic fertilizers, changing planting dates and growing of short duration maize varieties to mitigate against the negative effects of climate change. The use of organic fertilizers and short-duration use of improved varieties promotes agricultural productivity and food security. We conclude that building agropastoralists adaptive capacity tends to reduce their vulnerability to climate change by increasing crop yields and food security.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulator (GA3 and NAA) on Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Singh Devi , Wesley C. John
Published: September 2023

A trial was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences,Prayagraj (UP) during 2022. This study investigates the “Effect of Plant Growth Regulators (GA3 and NAA) on growth, yield and quality of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.).” The purpose of the study is to evaluate the plants in terms of various parameters such as plant height, survival percentage, days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, number of flower clusters per plant, number of fruit set per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per hectare, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, and benefit-cost ratio. The results of thestudy indicate that the application of increased percentage of NAA and GA3 significantly improvedthe growth and yield tomatoes. The highest fruit yield, fruit weight, TSS, and ascorbic acid contentwere observed in the plants treated with GA3 @60ppm + NAA @60ppm. The benefit- cost ratio wasalso found to be higher in the treated plants compared to the control. Overall, the study suggests thatthe application of GA3 @60ppm + NAA @60ppm can be an effective and sustainable method for enhancing the growth, yield, and quality of Tomatoes.
Effectiveness of Kasa Kasa Kudineer in Treating Insomnia Patients – A Pilot Study
Authors: R. Shanthini , N. Anbu
Published: September 2023

Introduction: For stepping towards a healthy living, parameters like good food, sound sleep and right mind, all plays major role to attain health and eternity, which were spelled by Siddhars since ancient times. Additionally, Sleep is the best, fruitful meditation for a quality of life. But, getting quality sleep with sufficient period is a matter of concern in the modern civilized world, irrespective of ages, which leads to serious consequences. When you're constantly losing sleep because of insomnia, your brain doesn't cooperate your body, thereby disturbing to perform important tasks. Hence, Insomnia is a significant health problem because of its high prevalence and management challenges. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Siddha medicine Kasa Kasa Kudineer (KKK), in treating insomnia patients, attending OPD at AAGHIM, Chennai.

Study Design: This was a Pilot study with a sample size of 20, with the intervention of Siddha Medicine Kasa Kasa Kudineer, and the outcome was assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index Score.

Place of Study: The study was conducted at Arignar Anna Government Hospital of Indian Medicine and Homeopathy, attached with Government Siddha Medical College (AAGHIM attached with GSMC), Chennai- 106.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Arignar Anna Govt. Hospital of Indian Medicine (AAGHIM), attached with Govt. Siddha Medical College, Chennai 106, with a sample size of 20. The study protocol and informed consent were reviewed and approved by IEC (with a waiver from IEC). Patients attending the OPD of AAGHIM with complaints of sleep disturbances were chosen for enrollment based on their insomnia severity index score of more than 15. Siddha Medicine Kasa Kasa Kudineer were adminstrated and the observations were made before and after the treatment using the score.

Results: Results were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, Paired t- test were analyzed using SPSS trial version 25, and out of 20 patients, 17 patients shown significant improvement in  their sleep pattern and the total score were also moved to no clinically significant category of Insomnia severity index score. All parameters whose p value is less than 0.05 reject the null hypothesis. Results were encouraging, as it shown considerable improvement by the end of the study.

Conclusion: This study reveals the significant effectiveness of treating Clinically significant insomnia patients, attending OPD at AAGHIM, Chennai with Kasa Kasa Kudineer (KKK), which may ignite a new Siddha medicine for a better quality of life.
Defect Engineering Activates Schottky Heterointerfaces of Graphene/CoSe2 Composites with Ultrathin and Lightweight Design Strategies to Boost Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Ding Jiawei , Shi Rongrong , Gong Chuangchuang , Wang Chenxu , Guo Yue , Chen Tong , Zhang Yijing , Cong Hongwei , Shi Chunsheng , He Fang
Published: September 2023

To tackle the increasingly complex electromagnetic (EM) pollution environment, the application‐oriented electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials with ultra‐thin, light weight and strong tolerance to harsh environment are urgently explored. Although graphene aerogel‐based lightweight EMW absorbers have been developed, thinner thickness and more effective polarization loss strategies are still essential. Based on the theory of EMW transmission, this work innovatively proposes a high attenuation design strategy for obtaining ultra‐thin EMW absorption materials, cobalt selenide (CoSe2) is determined as animportant part of ultra‐thin absorbers. In order to obtain a dielectric parameter range that satisfies the ultra‐thin absorption characteristics and improve the lightweight properties of EMW absorption materials, a composite of CoSe2 modified N‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐RGO/CoSe2) is designed. Meanwhile, the controllable introduction of defect engineering into RGO can activate Schottky heterointerfaces of composites to generate a strong interfacial polarization effect, achieving ultra‐thin characteristics while significantly improving the EM loss capability. In addition, infrared thermal images and anti‐icing experiments show that the composite has good corrosion resistance, infrared stealth, and thermal insulation properties. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for obtaining thin‐thickness, light‐weight, and high‐performance EMW absorption materials, embodying the advantages of N‐RGO/CoSe2 composites in practical applications.
Injectable Shear‐Thinning Hydrogels with Sclerosing and Matrix Metalloproteinase Modulatory Properties for the Treatment of Vascular Malformations
Authors: Zehtabi Fatemeh , Gangrade Ankit , Tseng Kaylee , Haghniaz Reihaneh , Abbasgholizadeh Reza , Montazerian Hossein , Khorsandi Danial , Bahari Jamal , Ahari Amir , Mohaghegh Neda , Hosseinzadeh Kouchehbaghi Negar , Mandal Kalpana , Mecwan Marvin , Rashad Ahmad , Roberto de Barros Natan , Byun Youngjoo , Ermis Menekse , Kim Han‐Jun , Khademhosseini Ali
Published: September 2023

Sac embolization of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remains clinically limited by endoleak recurrences. These recurrences are correlated with recanalization due to the presence of endothelial lining and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)‐mediated aneurysm progression. This study incorporates doxycycline (DOX), a well‐known sclerosant and MMPs inhibitor, into a shear‐thinning biomaterial (STB)‐based vascular embolizing hydrogel. The addition of DOX is expected to improve embolizing efficacy while preventing endoleaks by inhibiting MMP activity and promoting endothelial removal. The results show that STBs containing 4.5% w/w silicate nanoplatelet and 0.3% w/v of DOX are injectable and have a twofold increase in storage modulus compared to those without DOX. STB‐DOX hydrogels also reduced clotting time by 33% compared to untreated blood. The burst release of DOX from the hydrogels show sclerosing effects after 6 h in an ex vivo pig aorta model. Sustained release of DOX from hydrogels on endothelial cells shows MMP inhibition (approximately an order of magnitude larger than control groups) after 7 days. The hydrogels successfully occlude a patient‐derived abdominal aneurysm model at physiological blood pressures and flow rates. The sclerosing and MMP inhibition characteristics in the engineered multifunctional STB‐DOX hydrogels may provide promising opportunities for the efficient embolization of aneurysms in blood vessels.
Advanced Interfacial Design for Electronic Skins with Customizable Functionalities and Wearability
Authors: Tan Di , Xu Bingang
Published: September 2023

Electronic skins (E‐skins), which are intelligent extensions of the human skin, are in great demand because of the rapid development of information technology and intelligence in human civilization. Essentially, E‐skin systems are composed of functional and interface components. The function portion carries out various functions like sensing, power production, and therapy. In addition to ensuring consistent wear and comfort, the interface of the E‐skin system is necessary for the transfer of energy or mass between the skin and the functional components of the E‐skin system. The interface serves as the foundation, conduit, and link between the skin and functional components of E‐skin systems. The wearability and functionality of the E‐skin system are significantly impacted by the interfacial adhesion and the intermediate effect. It is crucial to build the interface in accordance with the functions of the E‐skin system. However, there are few reviews on the impact of the interface on the functionality and wearability of E‐skins. Here, the design of the E‐skin interface is thoroughly reviewed, taking into account how skin adhesion mechanisms affect wearability and function. At last, the future development direction and perspective of next‐generation E‐skin systems are presented.
Protocells Capable of Generating a Cytoskeleton‐Like Structure from Intracellular Membrane‐Active Artificial Organelles
Authors: Wang Dishi , Moreno Silvia , Gao Mengfei , Guo Jiaqi , Xu Bing , Voigt Dagmar , Voit Brigitte , Appelhans Dietmar
Published: September 2023

The intricate nature of eukaryotic cells with intracellular compartments having differences in component concentration and viscosity in their lumen provides (membrane‐active) enzymes to trigger time‐ and concentration‐dependent processes in the intra‐/extracellular matrix. Herein, membrane‐active, enzyme‐loaded artificial organelles (AOs) are capitalized upon to develop fluidic and stable proteinaceous membrane‐based protocells. AOs in protocells induce the self‐assembly of oligopeptides into an artificial cytoskeleton that underlines their influence on the structure and functionality of protocells. A series of microscopical tools is used to validate the intracellular assembly and distribution of cytoskeleton, the changing protocells morphology, and AOs inclusion within cytoskeletal growth. Thus, the dynamics, diffusion, and viscosity of intracellular components in the presence of cytoskeleton are evaluated by fluorescence tools and enzymatic assay. Membrane‐active alkaline phosphatase in polymersomes as AOs fulfills the requirements of biomimetic eukaryotic cells to trigger intracellular environment, mobility, viscosity, diffusion, and enzymatic activity itself as well as high mechanical stability and high membrane fluidity of protocells. Thus membrane‐active AOs in protocells provide a variable reaction space in a changing intracellular environment and underline their regulatory role in the fabrication of complex protocell architectures and functions. This study contributes significantly to the effective biomimetics of cell‐like structures, shapes, and functions.
Consistent Assessment of the Cooling Performance of Radiative Cooling Materials
Authors: Bu Kunlang , Huang Xingyi , Li Xiangyu , Bao Hua
Published: September 2023

Radiative cooling has emerged as a passive cooling strategy and has attracted significant attention, particularly over the past five years. While many researchers have designed various radiative cooling materials and evaluated their cooling performance, inconsistent or even erroneous measurement data and different reporting styles widely exist. This lack of consistency adds complexity to the comparison and reproduction of cooling performance across the diverse range of radiative cooling materials studied by different researchers. In this paper, general considerations for assessing cooling performance measurements, including optical characterization and outdoor thermal measurements, are outlined. Moreover, guidelines on properly reporting measurement settings and results are provided. This work aims to help the radiative cooling community achieve consistent cooling performance assessment, ultimately advancing this promising technology toward alleviating global cooling demands.
Hierarchically Porous Iron Alloys with High Sintering Resistance During Cyclic Steam Oxidation and Hydrogen Reduction
Authors: Pennell Samuel M. , Chappuis Benoît , Carpenter Julia A. , Dunand David C.
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen release/storage materials for iron/air batteries are fabricated as Fe‐16Mo and Fe‐24Ni (at.%) lattices via 3D‐extrusion printing of foamed inks containing oxide microparticles, followed by H2 reduction and sintering. A hierarchical open porosity is designed: (i) channels between walls created during printing, (ii) mesopores within walls, created during ink foaming, and (iii) micropores within ligaments between mesopores, created from partial sintering metal particles and gas escape during cycling. When subjected to H2/H2O redox cycling at 800 °C, the lattices of both compositions gradually undergo sintering. The Fe‐16Mo lattice remains fully redox‐active after 50 cycles unlike the Fe‐24Ni lattice, which loses 90% of its redox capacity after 30 cycles. The increased lifetime of the Fe‐16Mo lattice is attributed to the sintering inhibition of Mo, the formation of a mixture of oxide phases in the oxidized state, and the cyclic formation of submicron Fe2Mo by reduction of MoO2 and Fe2Mo3O8. The microstructure of the foamed walls is examined throughout cycling to track changes in morphology and composition. These are correlated to volume and porosity changes in the lattice. A comparison is made to previously‐studied Fe‐Mo and Fe‐Ni freeze‐cast lamellar foams, and variations in performance are discussed in the context of the different architectures.
A 3D Framework with an In Situ Generated Li3N Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Superior Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Fu Xiangxiang , Duan Huanhuan , Zhang Leiting , Hu Yangming , Deng Yuanfu
Published: September 2023

The practical application of lithium (Li) metal for next‐generation rechargeable batteries is still hampered by uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite and severe volume change under repeated plating/stripping. Introducing a 3D structure to reserve space for Li storage and inducing uniform plating/stripping by a lithophilic interface layer are effective strategies to solve these problems. Herein, a novel 3D composite Li anode (Fe‐N@SSM‐Li) is constructed via an in situ reaction between Li and lithiophilic Fe2N/Fe3N (Fe‐N) uniformly anchored on a stainless‐steel mesh (SSM). The unique lithiophilic‐conductive structure of the Fe‐N@SSM‐Li can stabilize the Li anode by effectively inducing uniform and dense deposition and confining Li deposition inside the Fe‐N@SSM‐Li to alleviate volume changes. The Fe‐N@SSM‐Li displays a distinguished electrochemical performance, with superior lifespan of 5000, 2250, and 1350 h under 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2, 5 mA cm−2/3 mAh cm−2, and 20 mA cm−2/3 mAh cm−2 in symmetric cells, respectively. Combined with this highly stable Fe‐N@SSM‐Li, the full cells using LiFePO4 (LFP) and S/C cathodes both show significantly improved electrochemical performances. This work provides a low‐cost and scalable strategy for the construction of high‐efficiency Li anode with a novel 3D structure, offers new insights to the research of Li metal batteries and beyond.
Conducting Polymer Nanoparticles with Intrinsic Aqueous Dispersibility for Conductive Hydrogels
Authors: Tropp Joshua , Collins Caralyn P. , Xie Xinran , Daso Rachel E. , Mehta Abijeet Singh , Patel Shiv P. , Reddy Manideep M. , Levin Sophia E. , Sun Cheng , Rivnay Jonathan
Published: September 2023

Conductive hydrogels are promising materials with mixed ionic‐electronic conduction to interface living tissue (ionic signal transmission) with medical devices (electronic signal transmission). The hydrogel form factor also uniquely bridges the wet/soft biological environment with the dry/hard environment of electronics. The synthesis of hydrogels for bioelectronics requires scalable, biocompatible fillers with high electronic conductivity and compatibility with common aqueous hydrogel formulations/resins. Despite significant advances in the processing of carbon nanomaterials, fillers that satisfy all these requirements are lacking. Herein, intrinsically dispersible acid‐crystalized PEDOT:PSS nanoparticles (ncrys‐PEDOTX) are reported which are processed through a facile and scalable nonsolvent induced phase separation method from commercial PEDOT:PSS without complex instrumentation. The particles feature conductivities of up to 410 S cm−1, and when compared to other common conductive fillers, display remarkable dispersibility, enabling homogeneous incorporation at relatively high loadings within diverse aqueous biomaterial solutions without additives or surfactants. The aqueous dispersibility of the ncrys‐PEDOTX particles also allows simple incorporation into resins designed for microstereolithography without sonication or surfactant optimization; complex biomedical structures with fine features (< 150 µm) are printed with up to 10% particle loading . The ncrys‐PEDOTX particles overcome the challenges of traditional conductive fillers, providing a scalable, biocompatible, plug‐and‐play platform for soft organic bioelectronic materials.
Thermally Controllable Tuning of Emission Properties of Phenoxazine‐Substituted Acridones as One Step Forward to Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Crystalline Emitters
Authors: Guzauskas Matas , Volyniuk Dmytro , Kulszewicz‐Bajer Irena , Mahmoudi Malek , Lazauskas Algirdas , Jasinskas Vidmantas , Gulbinas Vidmantas , Pron Adam , Grazulevicius Juozas V.
Published: September 2023

The overwhelming majority of efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are based on amorphous emitting layers. The devices with crystalline emitters usually show significantly worse performance. It is demonstrated that controlled thermal treatments of phenoxazine‐substituted acridones may lead to a spectacular improvement of photo‐ and electroluminescence of these luminophores. The three acridone derivatives studied, namely 2‐phenoxazine‐N‐hexylacridone (PHhA), 2,7‐bis‐(phenoxazine)‐N‐hexylacridone (bPHhA), and 2,7‐bis[3‐(phenoxazine)phenyl]‐N‐hexylacridone (PHPhhA), are characterized by relatively narrow photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence quantum yields approaching 100%. These spectra can be reversibly tuned through appropriate thermal treatment of the deposited layers, undergoing shifts up to 92 nm upon transformation from amorphous to crystalline states. Strong thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) observed for these compounds is manifested by a significantly higher reverse intersystem crossing rate of 1.92×106 s−1 as compared to the intersystem crossing rate of 5.68×105 s−1. These improvements are attributed to the annealing‐induced conformational equilibration due to crystallisation in combination with hosting. Adequacy of the proposed concept is demonstrated by the fabrication of devices exhibiting external quantum efficiencies reaching 20.7% – a record value for OLEDs with crystalline emitting layers. The presented approach of annealing‐induced conformational equilibration can lead to improved TADF properties for other fluorescent organic emitters presently considered inefficient.
Use of Deep‐Learning Assisted Assessment of Cardiac Parameters in Zebrafish to Discover Cyanidin Chloride as a Novel Keap1 Inhibitor Against Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Liu Changtong , Wang Yingchao , Zeng Yixin , Kang Zirong , Zhao Hong , Qi Kun , Wu Hongzhi , Zhao Lu , Wang Yi
Published: September 2023

Doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) brings tough clinical challenges as well as continued demand in developing agents for adjuvant cardioprotective therapies. Here, a zebrafish phenotypic screening with deep‐learning assisted multiplex cardiac functional analysis using motion videos of larval hearts is established. Through training the model on a dataset of 2125 labeled ventricular images, ZVSegNet and HRNet exhibit superior performance over previous methods. As a result of high‐content phenotypic screening, cyanidin chloride (CyCl) is identified as a potent suppressor of DIC. CyCl effectively rescues cardiac cell death and improves heart function in both in vitro and in vivo models of Doxorubicin (Dox) exposure. CyCl shows strong inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage and prevents ferroptosis and apoptosis‐related cell death. Molecular docking and thermal shift assay further suggest a direct binding between CyCl and Keap1, which may compete for the Keap1‐Nrf2 interaction, promote nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, and subsequentially transactivate Gpx4 and other antioxidant factors. Site‐specific mutation of R415A in Keap1 significantly attenuates the protective effects of CyCl against Dox‐induced cardiotoxicity. Taken together, the capability of deep‐learning‐assisted phenotypic screening in identifying promising lead compounds against DIC is exhibited, and new perspectives into drug discovery in the era of artificial intelligence are provided.
Uncovering the role of FOXA2 in the Development of Human Serotonin Neurons
Authors: Xu Ting , Cao Lining , Duan Jinjin , Li Yingqi , Li You , Hu Zhangsen , Li Shuanqing , Zhang Meihui , Wang Guanhao , Guo Fei , Lu Jianfeng
Published: September 2023

Directed differentiation of serotonin neurons (SNs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a valuable tool for uncovering the mechanism of human SN development and the associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies report that FOXA2 is expressed by serotonergic progenitors (SNPs) and functioned as a serotonergic fate determinant in mouse. However, in the routine differentiation experiments, it is accidentally found that less SNs and more non‐neuronal cells are obtained from SNP stage with higher percentage of FOXA2‐positive cells. This phenomenon prompted them to question the role of FOXA2 as an intrinsic fate determinant for human SN differentiation. Herein, by direct differentiation of engineered hPSCs into SNs, it is found that the SNs are not derived from FOXA2‐lineage cells; FOXA2‐knockout hPSCs can still differentiate into mature and functional SNs with typical serotonergic identity; FOXA2 overexpression suppresses the SN differentiation, indicating that FOXA2 is not intrinsically required for human SN differentiation. Furthermore, repressing FOXA2 expression by retinoic acid (RA) and dynamically modulating Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway promotes human SN differentiation. This study uncovers the role of FOXA2 in human SN development and improves the differentiation efficiency of hPSCs into SNs by repressing FOXA2 expression.
Advances and Regulation Strategies of the Active Moiety in Dual‐Atom Site Catalysts for Efficient Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Peng , Xiong Xiang , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: September 2023

Dual‐atom site catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in the heterogeneous catalysis field for electrochemical energy conversion systems. In this review, the superiority of DACs over single‐atom site catalysts is fully discussed. The origin of synergistic effects such as optimized d‐band structure, tailored spin state, and tuned charge transfer are pointed out. The merits in geometric and electronic structure render the active moiety versatile binding behavior toward adsorbed intermediate and beneficial synergistic effects to break the scaling relationships. The approaches to engineer the active moiety of DACs through modulating the central atoms, tuning the coordination environment, and engineering the metal‐support interaction are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future research perspectives of DACs for efficient electrocatalysis are outlined.
Continuous Lower Limb Multi‐Intent Prediction for Electromyography‐Driven Intrinsic and Extrinsic Control
Authors: Xue Jiaqi , Lai King Wai Chiu
Published: September 2023

Currently, electromyography (EMG)‐driven lower limb control can be divided into computational intrinsic control and interactive extrinsic control based on the participation of neural information in the controllers. However, the former method lacks detailed measurements of the expected motion, whereas the latter is prone to errors in diverse movement situations. Based on this problem, a multi‐intent prediction scheme is proposed that analyzes both rhythmic locomotion and volitional movement intent for AI‐based intrinsic and extrinsic hybrid control (AIEC). A 1D residual shrinkage convolutional network is designed to extract EMG features. The motion state is continuously predicted with an accuracy of 91.66% and the angle completion is also estimated with of 0.9540 and 0.9456 for left and right knee angles, respectively. Additionally, the comparison test further indicates that the motion state classification is significantly improved in the multitask analysis compared with the single‐task approach. This work demonstrates and verifies a novel method in EMG studies that multi‐intent recognition not only compensates for the lack of information in the analysis of single rhythmic or volitional movement, but also enhances the comprehensive performance and makes AIEC feasible, which optimizes the current EMG‐driven control for ampler intent collection and more practical robotic control.
Whole mount of adult ear skin as a model to study vascular malformations
Authors: Decker‐Rockefeller Brandee , Li Qingfen , Pumiglia Kevin
Published: September 2023

Background

Genetic analysis in human patients has linked mutations in PIK3CA, the catalytic subunit of PI‐3′Kinase, to sporadic incidences of vascular malformations.

Methods

We have developed a mouse model with inducible and endothelial‐specific expression of PIK3CAH1047R, resulting in the development of vascular malformations. Systemic induction of this mutation in adult mice results in rapid lethality, limiting our ability to track and study these lesions; therefore, we developed a topical and local induction protocol using the active metabolite of tamoxifen, 4OH‐T, on the ear skin of adults.

Results

This approach allows us to successfully model the human disease in a mature and established vascular bed and track the development of vascular malformations. To validate the utility of this model, we applied a topical rapamycin ointment, as rapamycin is therapeutically beneficial to patients in clinical trials. We found that the induced ear lesions showed significant attenuation after treatment, which was easily quantified.

Conclusions

These data collectively provide evidence of a new model to study vascular malformations in adult tissues, which should be particularly useful in environments lacking specialized small‐animal imaging facilities.
Activatable Type I Photosensitizer with Quenched Photosensitization Pre and Post Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Tian Jianwu , Li Bowen , Zhang Fu , Yao Zhuo , Song Wentao , Tang Yufu , Ping Yuan , Liu Bin
Published: September 2023

The phototoxicity of photosensitizers (PSs) pre and post photodynamic therapy (PDT), and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment are two major problems limiting the application of PDT. While activatable PSs can successfully address the PS phototoxicity pre PDT, and type I PS can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) effectively in hypoxic environment, very limited approaches are available for addressing the phototoxicity post PDT. There is virtually no solution available to address all these issues using a single design. Herein, we propose a proof‐of‐concept on‐demand switchable photosensitizer with quenched photosensitization pre and post PDT, which could be activated only in tumor hypoxic environment. Particularly, a hypoxia‐normoxia cycling responsive type I PS TPFN‐AzoCF3 was designed to demonstrate the concept, which was further formulated into TPFN‐AzoCF3 nanoparticles (NPs) using DSPE‐PEG‐2000 as the encapsulation matrix. The NPs could be activated only in hypoxic tumors to generate type I ROS during PDT treatment, but remain non‐toxic in normal tissues, pre or after PDT, thus minimizing side effects and improving the therapeutic effect. With promising results in in vitro and in vivo tumor treatment, this presented strategy will pave the way for the design of more on‐demand switchable photosensitizers with minimized side effects in the future.
Synthesis of Neocaesalpin A, AA, and Nominal Neocaesalpin K**
Authors: Papidocha Sven M. , Bulthaupt Hendrik H. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: September 2023

The first total synthesis of heavily oxidized cassane‐type diterpenoid neocaesalpin A (1) is disclosed. At the heart of the synthesis lies an intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction that rapidly assembles the target framework from commercial materials. A carefully orchestrated sequence of oxidations secured the desired oxygenation pattern. Late‐stage release of the characteristic butenolide occurred through a novel mercury(II)‐mediated furan oxidation. Successful extension of the route allowed preparation of neocaesalpin AA (2) as well as nominal neocaesalpin K (3) and suggested structural revision of neocaesalpin K, leading to the hypothesis that the two are likely the same natural product with correct assignment as 2.
Phosphino‐Phosphination Reactions: Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity of Phosphino‐Phosphonium Cations with Alkynes
Authors: Kim Hyehwang , Qu Zheng‐wang , Grimme Stefan , Al‐Zuhaika Nahil , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: September 2023

The phosphino‐phosphonium cations of the form [R3PPR′2]+ are labile and provide access to the constituent Lewis acidic and Lewis basic fragments. This permits frustrated Lewis pair‐type addition reactions to alkynes, affording unprecedented phosphino‐phosphination reactions and giving cations of the form [cis‐R3PCHC(R′′)PR′2]+. This reactivity is further adapted to prepare several examples of a rare class of dissymmetric cis‐olefin‐linked bidentate phosphines.
Counter‐Anions Rendered Weak‐Interactions Perturb the Stability of Tyrosinase‐Mimicked Peroxo‐Dicopper(II) Active Site: Unraveling Computational Indicators
Authors: Arora Sumangla , Gupta Puneet
Published: September 2023

It has been observed in literature that the stability of tyrosinase‐mimicked μ‐η2:η2‐peroxo‐dicopper(II) (P) can be perturbed in presence of counter‐anions (CAs) such as PhCO2−, CF3SO3−, TsO− and SbF6−. In this work, we unravel computational indicators using density functional theory to screen and study the stability of P in experimentally‐reported cases. These indicators are Gibbs energies, geometrical parameters such as distances and angles, independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition (IGMH) generated data, orbitals’ overlap, and distortion‐interaction (DI) energies. Our DFT computed Gibbs energies indicate that P is stable in case of PhCO2− and TsO−. CF3SO3− allows P and its isoelectronic species bis‐μ‐oxo‐dicopper (O) to coexist. SbF6− shows that O is in excess. Our indicators reveal that the stability of P in case of PhCO2− and TsO− is due to the better placing of P and its CA, thus leading to better interactions and overlap of orbitals. Other indicator displays that the plane of Cu2O2 core in P is more bend in PhCO2− and TsO− cases as compared to the plane in the other two cases. In addition, the IGMH‐based indicator displays higher values in the case of PhCO2− and TsO− than the other CAs.
Review on carbon dots: Synthesis and application in biology field
Authors: Li Xueting , Yu Lidong , He Mingyue , Chen Ce , Yu Zewen , Jiang Shanshan , Wang Yi , Li Li , Li Bingsheng , Wang Guixue , Shen Aidong , Fan Jianglin
Published: September 2023

As a multifunctional fluorescent nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) not only have small size, stable chemical properties, excellent photoluminescence characteristics, but also exhibit good biocompatibility and low toxicity. It has attracted considerable attention in the field of nanotechnology and biological science. CDs contain abundant functional groups on the surface, which not only retain part of the properties of raw materials, but also may have new photoelectric, catalytic, biomedical, and other functions. In this review, we systematically summarize the synthesis methods, modifications, optical properties, and main biological functions of CDs in recent years. The application of functionalized modified CDs in biological detection, biological imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, targeted therapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, protein delivery, and other biomedical fields is introduced. The latest progress of CDs with its own biomedical function in antioxidant, anti‐pathogen, and disease treatment is summarized. Finally, we discuss some problems in the practical application of CDs and look forward to the future development trend of self‐functional CDs combined with surface modification to achieve multimodal treatment of diseases.