bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-B subtypes account for a large proportion of clustered primary HIV-1 infections in Italy
Authors: Bozzi Giorgio , Fabeni Lavinia , Abbate Isabella , Berno Giulia , Muscatello Antonio , Taramasso Lucia , Fabbiani Massimiliano , Nozza Silvia , Tambussi Giuseppe , Rusconi Stefano , Giacomelli Andrea , Focà Emanuele , Pinnetti Carmela , d'Ettorre Gabriella , Mussini Cristina , Borghi Vanni , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Madeddu Giordano , Di Biagio Antonio , Ripamonti Diego , Squillace Nicola , Antinori Andrea , Gori Andrea , Capobianchi Maria Rosaria , Bandera Alessandra
Published: May 2022

Objectives and design

Usingpolsequences obtained for routine resistance testing, we characterised the molecular patterns of HIV-1 transmission and factors associated with being part of a transmission cluster among individuals who in 2008–2014 presented with primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) at 11 urban centres across Italy.

Methods

Polsequences were obtained by Sanger sequencing. Transmission clusters were identified by phylogenetic analysis (maximum likelihood method, confirmed by Bayesian analysis). Multivariable logistic regression explored factors associated with a participant being part of a transmission cluster.

Results

The PHI cohort comprised 186 participants (159/186, 85.5% males) with median age 44 years, median CD4 count 464 cells/mm3and median plasma HIV-1 RNA 5.6 log10copies/mL. Drug resistance associated mutations were found in 16/186 (8.6%). A diversity of non-B subtypes accounted for 60/186 (32.3%) of all infections. A total of 17 transmission clusters were identified, including 44/186 (23.7%) participants. Each cluster comprised 2–6 sequences. Non-B subtypes accounted for seven clusters and 22/44 (50%) of clustered sequences. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors associated with being part of a transmission cluster comprised harbouring a non-B subtype (adjusted OR (adjOR) 2.28; 95% CI 1.03 to 5.05; p=0.04) and showing a lower plasma HIV-1 RNA (adjOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99; p=0.04).

Conclusions

There was a large contribution of diverse non-B subtypes to transmission clusters among people presenting with acute or recent HIV-1 infection in this cohort, illustrating the evolving dynamics of the HIV-1 epidemic in Italy, where subtype B previously dominated.
Detecting anal human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men living with HIV: implications of assay variability
Authors: Torres Montserrat , Silva-Klug Ana , Ferrer Elena , Saumoy Maria , Trenti Loris , Tous Sara , Esteban Ana , Baixeras Nuria , Catala Isabel , Vidal August , G Bravo Ignacio , Podzamczer Daniel , de Sanjose Silvia
Published: May 2022

Background

Incidence of anal cancer (AC) caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has risen in the last years in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV. There is consensus that this population should be screened for anal precancerous lesions, but the role of HPV DNA testing in AC screening programmes is still under debate.

Objectives

This study employed two molecular test to detect anal HPV DNA and compared assay performance and prognostic value for the diagnosis of histology proven high-grade intraepithelial anal lesions.

Methods

MSM living with HIV attended their regular check-up visits consisting of detection of anal HPV infection, anal cytology, digital anorectal examination and high resolution anoscopy. HPV DNA was detected using Hybrid Capture 2 High-Risk test (HC2, total assay) and LINEAR ARRAY HPV Genotyping Test (LA, type-specific assay)

Results

Among 274 participant, prevalence of HPV DNA was 48.5% by HC2 and 89.4% by LA. HPV16 (30.6%) and HPV6 (19.6%) were the most common genotypes identified. Prevalence of multiple HPV infections was 56.2%. Agreement between HPV DNA assays was 75.2% (κ=0.51; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.60). Total HPV detection demonstrated high sensitivity (90%; 95% CI 68.3 to 98.8) and moderate specificity (58.4%; 95% CI 50.2 to 66.3), while type-specific HPV16/18 genotyping provided an increase in specificity and showed the highest area under the curve (0.81; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89) and Youden’s index (0.63).

Conclusions

Both methodologies identified a high prevalence of anal HPV infection and multiple HPV infections in MSM living with HIV, showing a moderate overall agreement between them. Either total HPV detection or type-specific HPV16/18 detection together with a threshold ≥atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance for abnormal cytology showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy.
Sexual transmission of infections across Europe: appraising the present, scoping the future
Authors: Geretti Anna Maria , Mardh Otilia , de Vries Henry J C , Winter Andrew , McSorley John , Seguy Nicole , Vuylsteke Bea , Gokengin Deniz
Published: May 2022

Objectives: Our journal partnered with the Europe section of the International Union against STI (IUSTI) at a workshop held at the 18th European AIDS Conference in London on 30 October 2021. The workshop reviewed epidemiological trends and discussed STI care provision within HIV services across Europe. Methods and Results: We started by highlighting trends in bacterial STIs reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control from countries in the European Union/European Economic Area. This showed that notifications of bacterial STIs reached an all-time high in 2019, but are expected to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021. We then reviewed the evolving relationship between STIs and HIV and pointed out how antiretroviral treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis remain highly effective against HIV transmission despite the rising incidence of STIs. Within emerging concepts in STIs, we appraised the benefits and risks of asymptomatic screening for chlamydia, and also considered the potential perils of routinely testing for agents that lack a defined role in disease. Finally, we discussed standards of STI care for people living with HIV, informed by a brief survey of IUSTI Europe country representatives and members of the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe network. Conclusions: The survey indicated substantial variability and identified key improvement targets: fighting barriers to effective service provision and access, increasing diagnostic capability and taking leadership in driving up the quality of care. We must not forget the STI-related needs of the many people who will be living with HIV for decades into the future.
Long-term modification of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics improves stroke outcome in rats
Authors: Liu Chang , Cheng Xi , Zhong Shanshan , Liu Zhouyang , Liu Fangxi , Lin Xinyu , Zhao Yinan , Guan Meiting , Xiao Ting , Jolkkonen Jukka , Wang Ying , Zhao Chuansheng
Published: May 2022

Background

The brain-gut axis is a major regulator of the central nervous system. We investigated the effects of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics on gut and brain inflammation, infarct size and long-term behavioral outcome after cerebral ischemia in rats.

Methods

Rats were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and metronidazole) for 4 weeks before the endothelin-1 induced ischemia. Treatment continued for 2 weeks until the end of behavioral testing, which included tapered ledged beam-walking, adhesive label test and cylinder test. Gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and cytokine levels were measured together with an assessment of infarct size, neuroinflammation and neurogenesis.

Results

The results revealed that the antibiotics exerted a clear impact on the gut microbiota. This was associated with a decrease in systemic and brain cytokine levels, infarct size and apoptosis in the perilesional cortex and improved behavioral outcome.

Conclusion

Our results highlighted the significant relationship between intestinal microbiota and beneficial neuro-recovery after ischemic stroke.
High-flow nasal oxygen versus conventional oxygen therapy in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Crimi Claudia , Noto Alberto , Madotto Fabiana , Ippolito Mariachiara , Nolasco Santi , Campisi Raffaele , De Vuono Stefano , Fiorentino Giuseppe , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Chalkias Athanasios , Libra Alessandro , Mattei Alessio , Scala Raffaele , Clini Enrico M , Ergan Begum , Lujan Manel , Winck Joao Carlos , Giarratano Antonino , Carlucci Annalisa , Gregoretti Cesare , Groff Paolo , Cortegiani Andrea
Published: May 2022

Rationale

In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia, the clinical benefit of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) remains unclear. We aimed to examine whether HFNO compared with conventional oxygen therapy (COT) could prevent escalation of respiratory support in this patient population.

Methods

In this multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤92% who required oxygen therapy were randomised to HFNO or COT. The primary outcome was the rate of escalation of respiratory support (ie, continuous positive airway pressure, non-invasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation) within 28 days. Among secondary outcomes, clinical recovery was defined as the improvement in oxygenation (SpO2≥96% with fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≤30% or partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide/FiO2ratio >300 mm Hg).

Results

Among 364 randomised patients, 55 (30.3%) of 181 patients assigned to HFNO and 70 (38.6%) of 181 patients assigned to COT underwent escalation of respiratory support, with no significant difference between groups (absolute risk difference −8.2% (95% CI −18% to +1.4%); RR 0.79 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.05); p=0.09). There was no significant difference in clinical recovery (69.1% vs 60.8%; absolute risk difference 8.2% (95% CI −1.5% to +18.0%), RR 1.14 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.32)), intensive care unit admission (7.7% vs 11.0%, absolute risk difference −3.3% (95% CI −9.3% to +2.6%)), and in hospital length of stay (11 (IQR 8–17) vs 11 (IQR 7–20) days, absolute risk difference −1.0% (95% CI −3.1% to +1.1%)).

Conclusions

Among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and mild hypoxaemia, the use of HFNO did not significantly reduce the likelihood of escalation of respiratory support.

Trial registration number

NCT04655638.
Perceived effectiveness of objective elements of vaping prevention messages among adolescents
Authors: Boynton Marcella H , Sanzo Nora , Brothers Whitney , Kresovich Alex , Sutfin Erin L , Sheeran Paschal , Noar Seth M
Published: May 2022

Introduction

In recent years, vaping prevention campaigns have proliferated in response to a surge of e-cigarette use among adolescents in the USA. To date, the research literature has provided minimal guidance as to what vaping prevention message elements have the greatest potential for discouraging vaping, are ineffective or have unintended negative effects. The purpose of the current study was to identify and test a large set of vaping prevention ads used by federal, state, local and non-governmental agencies, examining how objectively coded message elements of vaping prevention messages might affect youth.

Methods

A convenience sample of adolescents (N=1501) completed an online survey with each participant rating seven randomly selected vaping prevention ads from a pool of 220 ads on perceived message effectiveness (PME) and vaping appeal. Ads were coded on 37 objective elements in three message categories: themes, imagery and other features. Analyses examined how objective elements predicted PME.

Results

Addiction, chemicals, negative health symptoms and effects, and cigarette comparison themes were associated with higher PME, as were graphic images and warning symbols. Industry targeting, environmental impact, flavour themes, images of food and people’s faces were associated with lower PME, as were hashtags, statistics and first-person language or the word ‘teen’. Most elements were not associated with appeal, but ads with a flavour theme were associated with increased vaping appeal.

Conclusion

Promising vaping prevention messages focus on the adverse consequences of vaping, use negative imagery and avoid speaking for teens using their vernacular or perspective.
A comparison of anesthetic efficacy between dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) with lidocaine and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream during neonatal circumcision
Authors: Emordi Victor Chekwube , Osifo David Osarumwense , Evbuomwan Iyekeoretin
Published: May 2022

Objective

Circumcision is often performed in neonates and is associated with significant pain. This study was conducted to compare the anesthetic efficacy of two methods of local anaesthesia for neonatal circumcision: topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream and dorsal penile nerve block (DPNB) with lidocaine.

Methods

Male neonates who presented for circumcision and met the eligibility criteria were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned to one of the two methods of anesthesia before the procedure. Anesthetic efficacy was compared by pain assessment during four standardized steps of the procedure (clamping, crushing, tying, and cutting of the foreskin, respectively) using the modified Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), changes in transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), and preoperative and postoperative salivary cortisol levels. Patients also were evaluated after 24 hours to assess for complications.

Results

Totally, 138 babies were recruited. Significantly higher NIPS scores were observed among babies who had EMLA cream during tying (p=0.019) and cutting (p=0.043). The rise in mean HR from baseline was statistically significant throughout the procedure in the EMLA group. In the DPNB group, there was no significant rise in mean HR during crushing (p=0.919) and cutting (p=0.197). There was a significant decrease in mean SpO2from baseline in both groups. Salivary cortisol showed significant increase in mean levels in both groups. No significant untoward effects were observed.

Conclusion

DPNB with lidocaine has a better pain control compared with EMLA cream during neonatal circumcision. Both methods are safe in neonates.
Postoperative apnea after pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Authors: Camporesi Anna , Diotto Veronica , Zoia Elena , Rotta Simone , Tarantino Federica , Eccher Laura Maria Giuditta , Calcaterra Valeria , Pelizzo Gloria , Gemma Marco
Published: May 2022

Objective

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), which causes gastric outlet obstruction and hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, could pose a risk of postoperative apnea in patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence of postoperative apnea in babies admitted to a tertiary-level pediatric surgical center in Milano, Italy with diagnosis of IHPS in 2010–2019. The secondary objective is to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative apnea.

Methods

This is a single-center, retrospective, observational cohort study. All patients admitted to our institution with diagnosis of IHPS during the study period were enrolled. Demographic and surgical variables, along with blood gas parameters, were obtained from the population. Postoperative apnea was defined as a respiratory pause longer than 15 s or a respiratory pause lasting less than 15 s, but associated with either bradycardia (heart rate <120 per minute), desaturation (SatO2<90%), cyanosis, or hypotonia. Occurrence was obtained from nursing charts and was recorded as a no/yes dichotomous variable.

Results

Of 122 patients, 12 (9.84%) experienced apnea and 110 (90.16%) did not. Using univariate analysis, we found that only postoperative hemoglobin was significantly different between the groups (p=0.03). No significant multivariable model was better than this univariate model for prediction of apnea.

Conclusions

Postoperative anemia, possibly due to hemodilution, increased the risk of postoperative apnea. It could be hypothesized that anemia can be added as another apnea-contributing factor in a population at risk due to metabolic changes.
Distribution of multiple chalazia in eyelids of pediatrics requiring surgery in southeast China: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Yu , Dorazio Robert M , Choy Bonnie Nga Kwan , Wang Ting-Yan , Zhao Su-Juan , Zhao Zheng-Yan
Published: May 2022

Background

Multiple chalazia are common in children, and many are treated by surgery. However, the distribution of different types of multiple chalazia has not been studied. This research aimed to investigate the location and number of multiple chalazia in pediatrics who need surgical treatments.

Methods

Patients with multiple chalazia treated by incision and curettage surgery (I&C) in a tertiary children’s hospital between June and December 2016 were reviewed. Demographic data, locations, and numbers of chalazia were recorded. Data were analyzed using generalized linear models of the counts and the occurrences of chalazia. Hypotheses were tested using likelihood ratio tests appropriate for each type of data.

Results

The study included 128 subjects, most of which were 1–3 years old. The majority of patients had bilateral chalazia (95.3%), and the proportions of patients with internal, external, and marginal chalazion differed dramatically (99.2%, 61.7%, and 2.3%, respectively). The number of internal and external chalazia did not vary significantly with gender, age, or residence of the patients. Internal chalazia were located more frequently in the upper lids (p<0.001). External chalazia showed no preference of localization. The average number of internal chalazia in each eyelid did not relate to the presence of external chalazia.

Conclusions

Multiple chalazia are common among younger children in southeast China. The anatomical distribution varies depending on the type of chalazion. Multiple chalazia often occur bilaterally and internally. If doctors are more aware of the anatomical distribution of chalazia, this might result in a higher success rate of I&C.
Simulation and Analysis of a Digitally Controlled Differential Delay Circuit Under Process, Voltage, Temperature and Noise Due to Injection of High Current
Authors: Kumar Mithilesh , Majumder Alak , Mondal Abir J
Published: May 2022

A three bit digitally controlled differential delay circuit is investigated in this work. The circuit is coupled to a normal high current power delivery network (PDN), which is capable of coming up from sleep mode (0[Formula: see text]A) to 10 or 30[Formula: see text]A or else 50[Formula: see text]A in 10[Formula: see text]ns. Simulated in a 0.09-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process and power supply voltage ([Formula: see text]) of 1.1[Formula: see text]V, the proposed circuit in post-layout can operate from 435.5[Formula: see text]ps to 152.2[Formula: see text]ps. The corresponding input vector (CBA) during this period switches from 000 to 111. Further, there are also intermediate states as the delay varies between the said ranges. These values of delay being dependent on the input vector has been noted to reduce monotonically. In addition to that, the post-layout delay sustains a shift of 4.0 and 6.5[Formula: see text]ps for NN and SS process corner, respectively, following a [Formula: see text]C change in temperature. But an abrupt high current [Formula: see text] pumped into the chip causes the voltage ([Formula: see text]) near the device to drop due to PDN. It also fluctuates with the natural frequency of PDN. The noise so developed induces jitter in the output swing and causes more delay between input and output in comparison to the circuit designed with zero noise in power supply. The jitter achieved for a current ramp [Formula: see text] of 0–50[Formula: see text]A in 10[Formula: see text]ns for the two vector CBA happens to be around 5.0 and 4.4[Formula: see text]ps, respectively. The current ramp also generates power supply noise of 0.468[Formula: see text]V occurring close to the silicon chip. This, in turn, corresponds to a [Formula: see text] of 0.642[Formula: see text]V near the die, appearing to be much less than the required [Formula: see text] of 1.1[Formula: see text]V. Therefore, the delay is found to be affected significantly due to the sudden current ramp. It is also noted that a constant DC voltage of 0.642[Formula: see text]V has quite different effect on delay and jitter than a fluctuating AC noise having the first droop same as that DC voltage.
Emergency Response System Combining the Internal and External Domains (ERSCIED)
Authors: Liang Wei , Huang Yanyan , Wang Jianyu
Published: May 2022

Agent-based modeling is a promising approach for developing simulation tools for natural hazards in different areas, such as during urban search and rescue (USAR) operations. The previous studies aimed to develop a dynamic agent-based simulation model in post-earthquake emergency response operations combining rescuers and victims using geospatial information systems and multi-agent systems (GISs and MASs, respectively). We use multi-agent system engineering (MaSE) to construct this model and cluster points are proposed to assemble rescuers and victims. We also proposed an approach for dynamic task allocation and for establishing collaboration among agents based on contract net protocol (CNP) and the [Formula: see text]-means clustering method. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and expert evaluation is used to sort the priorities of cluster points. The experimental background is set in the central area of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. 200 victims with different demands and 30 rescuers with the same rescue capability are randomly distributed in this area. We use different victim speeds to simulate different degrees of seismic damage. Compared with normal search and rescue, the ERSCIED can make some use of the capabilities of the victims for the improvement of emergency effectiveness when the victims and rescuers have a similar speed (1:1) or the victims are not much slower than the rescuers (1:2). When the victims are much slower than the rescuers (1:10), the rescuers have to wait for a long time at the cluster points and it will lead to a waste of resources. The parameters of rescuers and victims can be changed to meet different emergencies and the ERSCIED can provide effective auxiliary decision-making information for decision-makers.
A New Secure Crowdfunding Transaction Scheme Based on Blockchain
Authors: Li Guangshun , Liang Guopeng , Wu Junhua , Jin Zhenyu , Feng Wenzhen , Yu Kan
Published: May 2022

Online crowdfunding, an innovative model based on “[Formula: see text]”, is a hot spot for financing via Internet. Crowdfunding based on blockchain is an emerging economic phenomenon and becomes one of the most advanced risk financing strategies. However, crowdfunding transactions face security threats due to identity leaks, quantum attacks and the untraceable nature of blind signatures, which facilitate criminal activity. Different from the previous works, which ignored the importance of traceability, in this paper, we establish a blockchain-empowered secure crowdfunding architecture and propose an anti-quantum partially blind signature algorithm based on the verifiable identity of both sides. Specially, for one thing, the private key decided by user identity is generated by lattice-based sample matrix, and the privacy of user identity can be ensured and traced by the rejection sampling theorem. For another thing, we design an improved krill herd algorithm (IKHA) to increase the credit factor of fundraisers for dealing with project investment issues. The simulation evaluates the correctness and effectiveness of our theoretical analyses. Compared with the current popular schemes, the proposed IKH algorithm has a higher convergence speed and can optimize investment efficiency.
Tunable optically-induced transparency and fano resonance in a two mode coupled micro-cavity system with double optical Kerr effect
Authors: Ganthya Debabrata , Parai Arumay , Samanta Anjan , Jana Paresh Chandra
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we theoretically analyze optically-induced transparency and absorption properties of a weak probe field in a two-mode coupled micro-cavity system and explore the tunable asymmetric Fano line shape of the transmission rates of the probe field. Both the modes in our system consist of an optical Kerr medium, one of them being passive while the other mode can be either active or passive. The forward transmission and backward reflection profile of the probe field are investigated for both passive–passive and passive–active cavity systems by varying different system parameters such as probe field detuning, photon tunneling strength, gain-to-loss ratio, etc. The results of this study have the potential to be applied in construction of quantum telecommunication and photonic devices.
Hierarchical-vortex polarization domain pattern in nano polycrystalline ferroelectric
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Li Qinan , Liang Yin , He Xiaoqiao , Wu Jiagang , Fan Haidong , Tian Xiaobao
Published: May 2022

Domain pattern is the carrier of electromechanical property. A novel domain pattern will open a gate for ferroelectric nanodevice. A distinctive topological domain pattern termed as hierarchical vortex (Hvo) has been found in polycrystalline ferroelectric based on the first-principles-based atomistic method. The Hvo pattern displays a unique structure, which is a flux-closing vortex encircle an anti-vortex or a vortex and anti-vortex pair (VA). Each Hvo structure could be regarded as a single vortex to forming a vortex–anti-vortex pair with anti-vortex or forming a vortex–vortex array with the vortex. The mechanism of HVo obtained in polycrystalline ferroelectric has been found that the grain boundary (GB) equals the domain wall when the first-order vortex is in the vortex. The HVo will open a new view of the domain topology pattern and its evolution.
Toward Improving the Quality of Mutation Operator and Test Case Effectiveness in Higher-Order Mutation Testing
Authors: Do Van-Nho , Nguyen Quang-Vu , Nguyen Thanh-Binh
Published: May 2022

Currently, there are many research studies that apply and improve mutation testing techniques including traditional mutation testing or first-order mutation testing, and higher-order mutation testing (HOMT) for evaluating the quality of the set of test data in particular, and the quality of test suites in general. The results of those studies have proven the effectiveness of mutation testing in the field of software testing. Mutation testing allows the quality of test cases to be automatically evaluated, thereby helping the testers to improve the quality in the design and execution of the software testing. Besides, these studies have also pointed out the main barriers in applying mutation testing techniques in practice. However, we are the first to introduce a method that can reduce the cost, but keep the quality of testing activity based on evaluating the quality of the mutation operator as well as the quality of the test cases. In this paper, we concentrate on two problems regarding higher-order mutation testing: Evaluating the quality of mutation operators as well as generated mutants and prioritizing test cases based upon its capability of killing mutants. This may help developers allocate suitably their resources during testing phase. The study of this paper is an extended version of our previous study titled “Evaluating Mutation Operator and Test Case Effectiveness by Means of Mutation Testing”, which is published in the proceedings of the 13th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2021 (V. N. Do, Q. V. Nguyen and T. B. Nguyen, Evaluating Mutation Operator and Test Case Effectiveness by Means of Mutation Testing, in Intelligent Information and Database Systems. ACIIDS 2021, eds. N. T. Nguyen, S. Chittayasothorn, D. Niyato and B. Trawiński. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 12672 (Springer, Cham), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73280-6_66 ) to confirm the usefulness of our proposed method.
The Impacts and Adaptation of Climate Extremes on the Power System: Insights from the Texas Power Outage Caused by Extreme Cold Wave
Authors: MA Zhiyuan , ZHAO Zijian , LIU Changyi , YANG Fang , WANG Mou
Published: May 2022

Along with the aggravation of climate change, various weather and climate extreme events (abbreviated as climate extremes) are becoming more frequent. During the transition to the use of clean energy, the power system will show increasingly prominent features such as high ratio of clean energy, high ratio of electrification, and a high proportion of electric and electronic equipment, coupled with summer and winter load peaks. Against this backdrop, this paper studies the impacts of climate extremes on the power system using the Texas power outage as an example, and proposes general adaptation measures to cope with climate extremes. For a start, this paper reviews the power outage in Texas caused by an extreme cold wave across the North America in 2021, and conducts an in-depth analysis of its causes. Then, based on the theoretical framework of disaster risk management, this paper analyzes the weather and climate disaster risks, extreme events, exposure, and vulnerability faced by the power system in the context of climate change and extreme events. Finally, in order to build a new power system, this paper establishes an overall framework for the power system to mitigate and adapt to climate change, and summarizes the key techniques involved in power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption, as well as key technologies in the fields of power supply, power grid, power load, and energy storage, and the strategies and measures for addressing climate change.
Calabi–Yau metrics, energy functionals and machine learning
Authors: Ashmore Anthony , Calmon Lucille , He Yang-Hui , Ovrut Burt A.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we apply machine learning to the problem of finding numerical Calabi–Yau metrics. We extend previous work on learning approximate Ricci-flat metrics calculated using Donaldson’s algorithm to the much more accurate “optimal” metrics of Headrick and Nassar. We show that machine learning is able to predict the Kähler potential of a Calabi–Yau metric having seen only a small sample of training data.
Indexing Metric Spaces for Exact Similarity Search
Authors: Chen Lu , Gao Yunjun , Song Xuan , Li Zheng , Zhu Yifan , Miao Xiaoye , Jensen Christian S.
Published: May 2022

With the continued digitization of societal processes, we are seeing an explosion in available data. This is referred to as big data. In a research setting, three aspects of the data are often viewed as the main sources of challenges when attempting to enable value creation from big data: volume, velocity, and variety. Many studies address volume or velocity, while fewer studies concern the variety. Metric spaces are ideal for addressing variety because they can accommodate any data as long as it can be equipped with a distance notion that satisfies the triangle inequality. To accelerate search in metric spaces, a collection of indexing techniques for metric data have been proposed. However, existing surveys offer limited coverage, and a comprehensive empirical study exists has yet to be reported. We offer a comprehensive survey of existing metric indexes that support exact similarity search: we summarize existing partitioning, pruning, and validation techniques used by metric indexes to support exact similarity search; we provide the time and space complexity analyses of index construction; and we offer an empirical comparison of their query processing performance. Empirical studies are important when evaluating metric indexing performance, because performance can depend highly on the effectiveness of available pruning and validation as well as on the data distribution, which means that complexity analyses often offer limited insights. This article aims at revealing strengths and weaknesses of different indexing techniques to offer guidance on selecting an appropriate indexing technique for a given setting, and to provide directions for future research on metric indexing.
Identification of Photoacidic Behavior Using AC and Open-Circuit Photoelectrochemical Techniques
Authors: Glancy Jennifer , Luo Simon , Kim Tea-Yon , Ardo Shane
Published: May 2022

Photoacids are molecules whose acidity increases through absorption of light. When the excited-state lifetime of a photoacid is sufficiently long, proton transfer from its thermally equilibrated electronic excited state results in a transient change in pH and/or pOH, which is commonly detected using spectroscopic techniques. Herein we expand this measurement toolkit by introducing alternating AC and open-circuit photoelectrochemical techniques that characterize photoacidic behavior from a model photoacid, the sodium salt of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate, dissolved in aqueous solutions in a thin-pathlength two-electrode cell. Continuous illumination of protonated photoacids in their electronic ground state results in significant and reproducible changes in low-frequency impedance and open-circuit potential. When these molecules are made to be non-acidic, via deprotonation using more alkaline pH conditions or methoxylation via synthesis, electrochemical data measured in the dark and under illumination are nearly identical. Best fits of AC electrochemical data to a simplified equivalent circuit support that photoelectrochemical responses are likely due to changes in local proton concentration at the electrode∣electrolyte interface, and not changes in proton flux due to mass transfer, as previously suggested. Collectively, our results provide further insight into the utility of these photoelectrochemical techniques to probe photoacidic behavior.
Increasing the Gas Response of Ozone Sensors Based on Solution-Processed InGaZnO by Tuning the Size of the Nanostructure
Authors: Lin Pei-Te , Huang Chun-Ying
Published: May 2022

This study uses acetylacetone (acac) as an additive to control the size of the nanostructure of solution-processed a-IGZO for ozone (O3) gas sensor applications. It is found that by adding acac, the gas response, response time, and recovery time of an IGZO gas sensor are highly improved. Under the optimal condition (4 wt%), the IGZO sensor shows a gas response of 19 and a response/recovery time of 80/120 s, against 5 ppm O3. Adding acac significantly increases the number of oxygen vacancies within an a-IGZO film so more electrons are available for reaction with the gas. The increased number of oxygen vacancies means that more dangling bonds are created, which activates the gas adsorption process. Moreover, the IGZO gas sensor has an excellent long-term stability showing negligible variation in gas response over 2 months. This method allows easy fabrication of a high-performance gas sensor that uses solution-processed a-IGZO as a sensing layer.
Quantitative Detection of Amino Acids and Carnitine in Human Blood and Quality Control of Peptide Drugs
Authors: Ma Yuchun , Zhu Yujie , Lu Zhengqing , Hu Huiqing , Li Jinmei , Yang Shangqing , Han Jiaru
Published: May 2022

In order to deal with the biochemical metabolic disorder and the lack of end metabolites caused by hereditary metabolic diseases, a quantitative detection method of amino acids and carnitine in human blood and the quality control method of polypeptide drugs were proposed. First, a method for the detection of 10 amino acids and 32 acylcarnitine metabolites in human blood was established and analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Through the experimental research on typical peptide drugs, combined with the classical synthesis process and the PLS-DA model of human body in different regions, the relevant detection methods for the quality control of peptide drugs were established, which provided a reference for the formulation of peptide drug quality standards. The experimental results show that the quantitative detection method proposed in this paper can effectively detect the content of most amino acids and acylcarnitine. The classical detection method achieved a loss of 16.74% smaller mass-to-charge ratio, and based on this, the quantitative standard for polypeptide drug delivery was determined, which verifies the correctness and superiority of the detection method in this paper.
The Characteristics and Physical Fitness Characteristics of Track and Field Sprint Events Based on Discrete Dynamic Modeling of Complex Systems
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei
Published: May 2022

Sprint is not only the oldest sport in track and field but also one of the most competitive sports today. This paper studies the characteristics of sprint and the physical characteristics of sports human body. Using the characteristics of genetic programming combined with system structure estimation and parameter estimation, this paper expounds the application of genetic programming in discrete dynamic modeling of complex systems. A model evaluation method based on error estimation is proposed. Based on the analysis of big data, the intelligent control model of track and field sprinters’ training progress is designed, and the simulation experiment is carried out through the simulation environment. This paper analyzes their physical quality, discusses the contents and methods of sprint training, and provides a reference for coaches engaged in sprint training. The intelligent training schedule model of track and field sprinters from the perspective of big data analysis has outstanding practical value. It can quickly and accurately formulate training plans, solve data fluctuations under the trend of big data segmentation, and realize intelligent operation. Its fluency and accuracy are very high, which is worthy of vigorous promotion and application.
Novel Analysis of Fractional‐Order Fifth‐Order Korteweg–de Vries Equations
Authors: Khoshaim Ahmed B. , Naeem Muhammad , Akgul Ali , Ghanmi Nejib , Zaland Shamsullah
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the ρ‐homotopy perturbation transformation method was applied to analysis of fifth‐order nonlinear fractional Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations. This technique is the mixture form of the ρ‐Laplace transformation with the homotopy perturbation method. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of this method. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the fractional and integer‐order solutions close in on the exact result. The suggested technique was effectively utilized and was accurate and simple to use for a number of related engineering and science models.
The Ecogeographical Impact of Air Pollution in the Azerbaijan Cities: Possible Plant/Synthetic‐Based Nanomaterial Solutions
Authors: Mammadova Shakar , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: May 2022

The current paper deals with the major causes of air pollution in the big cities of Azerbaijan. In this context, industrial gas wastes and transport systems are the most important sources of air pollution. Also, relevant factors following the intensity of air pollution have recently been recognized. The motor transport system and its detrimental effects on human health are tightly connected with air pollution. Therefore, the use of ecological and geographical data could be an efficient approach to preventing air pollution in urban regions. Also, the advantage of nanotechnology in removing air contaminants has been introduced as a promising solution. Nanomaterials can serve as nano adsorbents, nanocatalysts, nano filters/membranes, and nanosensors in air pollution remediation. Moreover, the green synthesis of nanomaterials from plant‐based origins is promising in this context. Also, nanotechnology is a robust candidate for the production of green and sustainable energy resources. In a nutshell, recommendations on the prevention and alleviation of air pollution, as well as the methods of refining the urban environment and controlling polluting agents are represented.
Stochastic Hybrid Hepatitis B Epidemic Model with Markovian Switching
Authors: El Koufi A. , Seshagiri Rao N.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we consider a stochastic epidemic model under regime‐switching. We show that our model is well‐posed by proving the existence of solution, positivity, and uniqueness. Furthermore, we investigate sufficient conditions for the existence of ergodic stationary distribution to the model, which shows that the hepatitis B epidemic will persist. In addition, we establish sufficient conditions for the extinction of the hepatitis B epidemic. We perform numerical simulations to confirm and illustrate the theoretical results.
Application Value of MRI Combined with MSCT in Diagnosis and Staging of Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Zhou Yong , Jiang Meng , Dang Ling
Published: May 2022

Objective. To clarify the application value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in the diagnosis and staging of colon carcinoma (CC). Methods. A total of 103 patients with histopathologically diagnosed CC were enrolled. Patient clinical and imaging data were collected, and MRI and MSCT images were analyzed to assess the accuracy of MRI, MSCT, and their combination in diagnosing tumor (T) staging of CC. Results. Among the 103 cases of histopathologically diagnosed CC, 26 cases (25.24) were in stage T1-2, 72 cases (69.90) were in stage T3, and 5 cases (4.85) were in stage T4. The accuracy of MRI in diagnosing stage T1-2, T3, and T4 was 80.77%, 88.89%, and 60.00%, respectively, with an average of 76.55%. The accuracy rates of MSCT in diagnosing T1-2, T3, and T4 stages were 73.08%, 90.27%, and 60.00%, respectively, with an average of 74.45%. The accuracy rates of MRI+MSCT in diagnosing T1-2, T3, and T4 were 88.46%, 95.83%, and 80.00%, respectively, with an average of 88.10%. Conclusions. Compared with single use of MRI or MSCT, MRI+MSCT provides accurate imaging data with higher accuracy, which is more helpful for the T-staging evaluation of CC.
A Cross-View Gait Recognition Method Using Two-Way Similarity Learning
Authors: Qi Y. J. , Kong Y. P. , Zhang Q.
Published: May 2022

Gait recognition is a powerful tool for long-distance identification. However, gaits are influenced by walking environments and appearance changes. Therefore, the gait recognition rate declines sharply when the viewing angle changes. In this work, we propose a novel cross-view gait recognition method with two-way similarity learning. Focusing on the relationships between gait elements in three-dimensional space and the wholeness of human body movements, we design a three-dimensional gait constraint model that is robust to view changes based on joint motion constraint relationships. Different from the classic three-dimensional model, the proposed model characterizes motion constraints and action constraints between joints based on time and space dimensions. Next, we propose an end-to-end two-way gait network using long short-term memory and residual network 50 to extract the temporal and spatial difference features, respectively, of model pairs. The two types of difference features are merged at a high level in the network, and similarity values are obtained through the softmax layer. Our method is evaluated based on the challenging CASIA-B data set in terms of cross-view gait recognition. The experimental results show that the method achieves a higher recognition rate than the previously developed model-based methods. The recognition rate reaches 72.8%, and the viewing angle changes from 36° to 144° for normal walking. Finally, the new method also performs better in cases with large cross-view angles, illustrating that our model is robust to viewing angle changes and that the proposed network offers considerable potential in practical application scenarios.
Construction of Ecological Compensation System for Water Environment Resource in Public Places Using Grey Correlation
Authors: Xin Xinhe
Published: May 2022

In the geographical locations where drinking water sources are available, ecological compensation is a potent environmental economic tool for conservation of the environment. The existing systems cannot analyze the extent of ecological damage to water environment resources due to the increase in compensation cost and reduction in compensation efficiency. Therefore, an ecological compensation system of natural water resources in public places is proposed in this paper for preserving one of the most important natural resources, “water.” The system obstacles in the implementation of ecological resource compensation mechanisms for water protection regions of public places are analyzed using grey relational analysis. The status of payment and benefits in the upstream and downstream sections of public places is determined on the basis of a study of compensation theory. Then, the ecological compensation system of the river basin is established by calculating accommodation of water footprint model. Moreover, the key factors of the extent of ecological damage to water environment resources in public space are analyzed by an improved grey relational analysis method. The water footprint model has analyzed the safety and pressure analysis of water resources in public attractions places. The results are retrieved in a simulated environment which shows that the designed system can effectively enhance the compensation efficiency and reduce the compensation costs. The ecological compensation system is developed to actualize the economy and natural resources for the sustainable growth.
Research on Intelligent Scheduling Scheme of Aerobics Competition for Multi-Intelligent Decision-Making
Authors: Guan Hongjing , Tan Zhi , Zhao Xingrui
Published: May 2022

Multi-intelligent decision-making has a good development at present. Based on a series of technologies such as artificial intelligence, multi-intelligent decision-making is involved in many aspects, and the country also attaches great importance to the development of such science and technology. At the same time, at present, the development of the sports industry is not balanced. Even if the country values the sports industry, it needs investment in science and technology. This paper studies the scheduling scheme of aerobics competition in sports competition. By introducing the design scheme of a multi-intelligent decision-making system and improving the MFDRL-CTDE algorithm, the similarity between the action sequence of participants in aerobics competition and the standard action sequence is obtained. Three algorithms including Markov, MFDRL-CTDE algorithm, and improved MFDRL-CTDE algorithm are used for simulation experiments, and the improved MFDRL-CTDE algorithm is more effective and stable for the decision-making of aerobics competition.