bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Empowerment as Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: Ruffin Fayth , Martins Winnie Kubayi
Published: August 2015

In this chapter, theoretical foundations of social entrepreneurship and legal empowerment are explored and intersection of these social actions by community based-paralegal practice in rural KwaZulu-Natal examined. Conceptually, integration of social entrepreneurship and legal empowerment innovatively contributes to the broader discourse on self-determined community development and democratic governance. Empirical evidence shows that community-based paralegals generate legal empowerment as social entrepreneurship and such service delivery advances rural women empowerment. Arguably there is a global/local nexus of each social action; a positive theory of social entrepreneurship is more useful than normative theories; rule of law orthodoxy is less meaningful for and somewhat contradictory to self-empowerment of indigenous populations that experience plural legal systems. This qualitative study found that while contemporary business models are incorporated in the intersection of social entrepreneurship and legal empowerment, so are African indigenous justice principles and remedies.
Social Media Use and Job Performance
Authors: Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth
Published: August 2015

The objective of this research is to examine the conditions that make social media use at work yield higher benefit to employee job performance. Survey data were collected from 211 employees in Thailand. Results from partial least square regression analysis show that although the intensity of social media use at work positively affects job performance, the benefit is significantly higher when (1) employees encounter high job demands, (2) social media access is allowed in the workplace, and (3) social media are accessed mostly from a personal computer instead of from mobile devices. These findings suggest some implications regarding the workplace policy on social media access during work.
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Nepalese Hemodialysis Patients by Anthropometric Examinations and Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment
Authors: Sedhain Arun , Hada Rajani , Agrawal Rajendra Kumar , Bhattarai Gandhi R. , Baral Anil
Published: August 2015

Objective

To assess the nutritional status of patients on maintenance hemodialysis by using modified quantitative subjective global assessment (MQSGA) and anthropometric measurements.

Method

We Conducted a cross sectional descriptive analytical study to assess the nutritional status of fifty four patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis by using MQSGA and different anthropometric and laboratory measurements like body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), triceps skin fold (TSF) and biceps skin fold (BSF), serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile in a government tertiary hospital at Kathmandu, Nepal.

Results

Based on MQSGA criteria, 66.7% of the patients suffered from mild to moderate malnutrition and 33.3% were well nourished. None of the patients were severely malnourished. CRP was positive in 56.3% patients. Serum albumin, MAC and BMI were (mean + SD) 4.0 + 0.3 mg/dl, 22 + 2.6 cm and 19.6 ± 3.2 kg/m2 respectively. MQSGA showed negative correlation with MAC ( r = −0.563; P = < 0.001), BMI ( r = −0.448; P = < 0.001), MAMC ( r = −0.506; P = < .0001), TSF ( r = −0.483; P = < .0002), and BSF ( r = −0.508; P = < 0.0001). Negative correlation of MQSGA was also found with total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol without any statistical significance.

Conclusion

Mild to moderate malnutrition was found to be present in two thirds of the patients undergoing hemodialysis. Anthropometric measurements like BMI, MAC, MAMC, BSF and TSF were negatively correlated with MQSGA. Anthropometric and laboratory assessment tools could be used for nutritional assessment as they are relatively easier, cheaper and practical markers of nutritional status.
The anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric black carbon concentrations in southern Africa: a WRF-Chem modeling study
Authors: Kuik F. , Lauer A. , Beukes J. P. , Van Zyl P. G. , Josipovic M. , Vakkari V. , Laakso L. , Feig G. T.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. South Africa has one of the largest industrialized economies in Africa. Emissions of air pollutants are particularly high in the Johannesburg-Pretoria metropolitan area, the Mpumalanga Highveld and the Vaal Triangle, resulting in local air pollution. This study presents and evaluates a setup for conducting modeling experiments over southern Africa with the Weather Research and Forecasting model including chemistry and aerosols (WRF-Chem), and analyzes the contribution of anthropogenic emissions to the total black carbon (BC) concentrations from September to December 2010. The modeled BC concentrations are compared with measurements obtained at the Welgegund station situated ca. 100 km southwest of Johannesburg. An evaluation of WRF-Chem with observational data from ground-based measurement stations, radiosondes, and satellites shows that the meteorology is modeled mostly reasonably well, but precipitation amounts are widely overestimated and the onset of the wet season is modeled approximately 1 month too early in 2010. Modeled daily mean BC concentrations show a temporal correlation of 0.66 with measurements, but the total BC concentration is underestimated in the model by up to 50 %. Sensitivity studies with anthropogenic emissions of BC and co-emitted species turned off show that anthropogenic sources can contribute up to 100 % to BC concentrations in the industrialized and urban areas, and anthropogenic BC and co-emitted species together can contribute up to 60 % to PM1 levels. Particularly the co-emitted species contribute significantly to the aerosol optical depth (AOD). Furthermore, in areas of large-scale biomass-burning atmospheric heating rates are increased through absorption by BC up to an altitude of about 600hPa.
Biomass burning emissions and potential air quality impacts of volatile organic compounds and other trace gases from temperate fuels common in the United States
Authors: Gilman J. B. , Lerner B. M. , Kuster W. C. , Goldan P. D. , Warneke C. , Veres P. R. , Roberts J. M. , de Gouw J. A. , Burling I. R. , Yokelson R. J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. A comprehensive suite of instruments was used to quantify the emissions of over 200 organic gases, including methane and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 9 inorganic gases from 56 laboratory burns of 18 different biomass fuel types common in the southeastern, southwestern, or northern United States. A gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) provided extensive chemical detail of discrete air samples collected during a laboratory burn and was complemented by real-time measurements of organic and inorganic species via an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (OP-FTIR) and 3 different chemical ionization-mass spectrometers. These measurements were conducted in February 2009 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The relative magnitude and composition of the gases emitted varied by individual fuel type and, more broadly, by the 3 geographic fuel regions being simulated. Emission ratios relative to carbon monoxide (CO) were used to characterize the composition of gases emitted by mass; reactivity with the hydroxyl radical, OH; and potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors for the 3 different US fuel regions presented here. VOCs contributed less than 0.78 ± 0.12 % of emissions by mole and less than 0.95 ± 0.07 % of emissions by mass (on average) due to the predominance of CO2, CO, CH4, and NOx emissions; however, VOCs contributed 70–90 (±16) % to OH reactivity and were the only measured gas-phase source of SOA precursors from combustion of biomass. Over 82 % of the VOC emissions by mole were unsaturated compounds including highly reactive alkenes and aromatics and photolabile oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) such as formaldehyde. OVOCs contributed 57–68 % of the VOC mass emitted, 42–57 % of VOC-OH reactivity, and aromatic-OVOCs such as benzenediols, phenols, and benzaldehyde were the dominant potential SOA precursors. In addition, ambient air measurements of emissions from the Fourmile Canyon Fire that affected Boulder, Colorado in September 2010 allowed us to investigate biomass burning (BB) emissions in the presence of other VOC sources (i.e., urban and biogenic emissions) and identify several promising BB markers including benzofuran, 2-furaldehyde, 2-methylfuran, furan, and benzonitrile.
Validation of farm-scale methane emissions using nocturnal boundary layer budgets
Authors: Stieger J. , Bamberger I. , Buchmann N. , Eugster W.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This study provides the first experimental validation of Swiss agricultural methane emission estimates at the farm scale. We measured CH4 concentrations at a Swiss farmstead during two intensive field campaigns in August 2011 and July 2012 to (1) quantify the source strength of livestock methane emissions using a tethered balloon system, and (2) to validate inventory emission estimates via nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) budgets. Field measurements were performed at a distance of 150 m from the nearest farm buildings with a tethered balloon system in combination with gradient measurements at eight heights on a 10 m tower to better resolve the near-surface concentrations. Vertical profiles of air temperature, relative humidity, CH4 concentration, wind speed and wind direction showed that the NBL was strongly influenced by local transport processes and by the valley wind system. Methane concentrations showed a pronounced time course, with highest concentrations in the second half of the night. NBL budget flux estimates were obtained via a time–space kriging approach. Main uncertainties of NBL budget flux estimates were associated with instationary atmospheric conditions and the estimate of the inversion height zi (top of volume integration). The mean NBL budget fluxes of 1.60 ± 0.31 μg CH4 m-2 s-1 (1.40 ± 0.50 and 1.66 ± 0.20 μg CH4 m-2 s-1 in 2011 and 2012, respectively) were in good agreement with local inventory estimates based on current livestock number and default emission factors, with 1.29 ± 0.47 and 1.74 ± 0.63 μg CH4 m-2 s-1 for 2011 and 2012, respectively. This indicates that emission factors used for the national inventory reports are adequate, and we conclude that the NBL budget approach is a useful tool to validate emission inventory estimates.
Calibration of 3-D wind measurements on a single-engine research aircraft
Authors: Mallaun C. , Giez A. , Baumann R.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. An innovative calibration method for the wind speed measurement using a boom-mounted Rosemount model 858 AJ air velocity probe is introduced. The method is demonstrated for a sensor system installed on a medium-size research aircraft which is used for measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer. The method encounters a series of coordinated flight manoeuvres to directly estimate the aerodynamic influences on the probe and to calculate the measurement uncertainties. The introduction of a differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) combined with a high-accuracy inertial reference system (IRS) has brought major advances to airborne measurement techniques. The exact determination of geometrical height allows the use of the pressure signal as an independent parameter. Furthermore, the exact height information and the stepwise calibration process lead to maximum accuracy. The results show a measurement uncertainty for the aerodynamic influence of the dynamic and static pressures of 0.1 hPa. The applied parametrisation does not require any height dependencies or time shifts. After extensive flight tests a correction for the flow angles (attack and sideslip angles) was found, which is necessary for a successful wind calculation. A new method is demonstrated to correct for the aerodynamic influence on the sideslip angle. For the three-dimensional (3-D) wind vector (with 100 Hz resolution) a novel error propagation scheme is tested, which determines the measurement uncertainties to be 0.3 m s−1 for the horizontal and 0.2 m s−1 for the vertical wind components.
Snowstorm at the geomagnetic observatory
Authors: Čop R.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The Sinji Vrh Geomagnetic Observatory (hereinafter the Observatory) is situated on Gora above Ajdovščina, a highland karst plateau, in the southwestern part of Slovenia. The Observatory operates in exceptional geological and meteorological conditions due to its location. The very first measurements at the time of initial tests showed that weather fronts induce changes in the local magnetic field. The first measurements intended to determine the value of this influence were carried out at the end of summer 2011. In 2013 the first such measurements were carried out in January. This article presents the results of these measurements, showing how the snowstorm induced changes in Earth's magnetic field.
The Application of 3D Laser Scanning in the Survey and Measuring of Guyue Bridge of Song Dynasty in Yiwu City
Authors: Lu N. , Wang Q. , Wang S. , Zhang R.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. It is believed that folding-arch is the transitional form from beam to curved arch. Guyue Bridge, built in JiaDing 6year (A.D 1213) of Southern Song Dynasty, located in Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province in China, is one of typical objective examples for this transition. It possesses high historical, scientific, artistic, cultural and social values. Facing severe environmental problems and deteriorated heritage situation, our conservation team selected 3D laser scanning as basic recording method, then acquired the precise threedimensional model. Measured the fundamental dimension and components’ sizes, we analysed its stable state. Moreover, combined with historic documents, we reasonably speculated and calculated the original sizes and important scales at the building time. These findings have significant research values as well as evidential meanings for future conservation.
Impact of learning content on World Heritage Site preservation awareness in town of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR: Application of Protection Motivation Theory
Authors: Poong Y. S. , Yamaguchi S. , Takada J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. This paper addresses the need to systematically design learning content to promote world heritage site preservation awareness. Based on 212 samples from a local university in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR, impact of learning content designed according to Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is assessed through a repeated-measure t-test. Findings show that PMT-based learning content influences respondents’ on threat appraisal and coping appraisal towards the preservation of world heritage site.
Crowdsourcing Lost Cultural Heritage
Authors: Stathopoulou E. K. , Georgopoulos A. , Panagiotopoulos G. , Kaliampakos D.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Cultural Heritage all over the world is at high risk. Natural and human activities endanger the current state of monuments and sites, whereas many of them have already been destroyed especially during the last years. Preventive actions are of utmost importance for the protection of human memory and the prevention of irreplaceable. These actions may be carried out either in situ or virtually. Very often in situ preventive, or protective or restoration actions are difficult or even impossible, as e.g. in cases of earthquakes, fires or war activity. Digital preservation of cultural heritage is a challenging task within photogrammetry and computer vision communities, as efforts are taken to collect digital data, especially of the monuments that are at high risk. Visit to the field and data acquisition is not always feasible. To overcome the missing data problem, crowdsourced imagery is used to create a visual representation of lost cultural heritage objects. Such digital representations may be 2D or 3D and definitely help preserve the memory and history of the lost heritage. Sometimes they also assist studies for their reconstruction. An initiative to collect imagery data from the public and create a visual 3D representation of a recently destroyed stone bridge almost 150 years old is being discussed in this study. To this end, a crowdsourcing platform has been designed and the first images collected have been processed with the use of SfM algorithms.
Boundaries and Boundary Marks - Substantive Cultural Heritage of Extensive Importance
Authors: Waldhaeusl P. , Koenig H. , Mansberger R.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The Austrian Society for surveying and Geoinformation (ASG) has proposed to submit "Boundaries and Boundary Marks” for the UNESCO World Heritage title. It was time that boundaries, borders and limits of all types as well as ownership rights would find the proper attention in the global public. Landmarks symbolize the real property and the associated rights and obligations, in a figurative sense, the property generally and all legal limits. A democratic state of law is impossible at today's population density without a functioning land administration system with surveying and jurisdiction. As monumental World Heritage representatives of the geodetic artwork “Boundaries and Boundary Marks” are specifically proposed: remaining monuments of the original cadastral geodetic network, the first pan-Austrian surveying headquarters in Vienna, and a specific selection of outstanding boundary monuments. Landmarks are monuments to the boundaries which separate rights and obligations, but also connect the neighbors peacefully after written agreement. “And cursed be he who does not respect the boundaries” you wrote already 3000 years ago. Boundaries and Boundary Marks are a real thing; they all belong to the tangible or material heritage of human history. In this context also the intangible heritage is discussed. This refers to oral tradition and expressions, performing arts; social practices, rituals and festive events; as well as to knowledge and practices handling nature and the universe. “Boundaries and Boundary Marks” do not belong to it, but clearly to the material cultural world heritage. “Boundary and Boundary Marks” is proposed to be listed according to the criteria (ii),(iv),(vi).
A Study about the 3S-based Great Ruins Monitoring and Early-warning System
Authors: Xuefeng W. , Zhongyuan H. , Gongli L. , Li Z.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Large-scale urbanization construction and new countryside construction, frequent natural disasters, and natural corrosion pose severe threat to the great ruins. It is not uncommon that the cultural relics are damaged and great ruins are occupied. Now the ruins monitoring mainly adopt general monitoring data processing system which can not effectively exert management, display, excavation analysis and data sharing of the relics monitoring data. Meanwhile those general software systems require layout of large number of devices or apparatuses, but they are applied to small-scope relics monitoring only. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to make use of the stereoscopic cartographic satellite technology to improve and supplement the great ruins monitoring index system and combine GIS and GPS to establish a highly automatic, real-time and intelligent great ruins monitoring and early-warning system in order to realize collection, processing, updating, spatial visualization, analysis, distribution and sharing of the monitoring data, and provide scientific and effective data for the relics protection, scientific planning, reasonable development and sustainable utilization.
Documenting the light sensitivity of Spanish Levantine rock art paintings
Authors: del Hoyo-Meléndez J. M. , Lerma J. L. , López-Montalvo E. , Villaverde V.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. A case study to evaluate the use of microfading spectrometry (MFS) for the study of colored systems found in prehistoric rock art paintings was conducted in the Cova Remígia rock-shelter, Castellón (Spain). This rock shelter is part of the rock art sites of the Mediterranean basin on the Iberian Peninsula included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Some of the paintings belonging to this group are exposed to environmental factors including natural daylight, wind and rain, depending on the time of the day and the season of the year. Therefore, their preservation is a major concern to stakeholders and researchers responsible for protecting and studying these prehistoric paintings. The experimental work in Cova Remigia focused on measuring the reflectance curves (400-700 nm) and determining the photostability of various areas containing red and black pigments on the rock art paintings. The preliminary results indicate that MFS is a suitable technique for studying the response to light of rock/pigment systems found in rock art sites. The advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed.
The bust of Francesco II Gonzaga: from digital documentation to 3D printing
Authors: Adami A. , Balletti C. , Fassi F. , Fregonese L. , Guerra F. , Taffurelli L. , Vernier P.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Geomatics technics and methods are now able to provide a great contribution to the Cultural Heritage (CH) processes, being adaptable to different purposes: management, diagnosis, restoration, protection, study and research, communication, formation and fruition of the Cultural Heritage. This experimentation was done with an eye to encouraging and promoting the development of principles and good practices for recording, documentation and information management of cultural heritage. This research focuses on the documentation path of a cultural asset, in particular a Renaissance statue, aimed to achieve a three dimensional model useful for many digital applications and for solid reproduction. The digital copy can be used in many contexts and represents an efficient tool to preserve and promote CH. It can be included in virtual museum archives and catalogues, shared on network with cultural operators and users, and it permits the contextualization of the asset in its artistic and historical background. Moreover, the possibility to obtain a hard copy, reproduced through 3D printing, allows to reach new opportunities of interaction with CH. In this article, two techniques for the digitization of the terracotta bust of Francesco II Gonzaga, in the City Museum of Mantua, are described: the triangulation scanner and dense image matching photogrammetry. As well as the description of the acquisition and the elaborations, other aspects are taken into account: the characteristics of the object, the place for the acquisition, the ultimate goal and the economic availability. There are also highlighted the optimization pipeline to get the correct three-dimensional models and a 3D printed copy. A separate section discusses the comparison of the realized model to identify the positive and negative aspects of each adopted application.
The 9 September 2010 torrential rain and flash flood in the Dragone catchment, Atrani, Amalfi Coast (Southern Italy)
Authors: Violante C. , Braca G. , Esposito E. , Tranfaglia G.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In this paper we use a multi-hazard approach to analyse the 9 September 2010 flash-flood occurred in the Dragone basin, a 9 km2 catchment located along the Amalfi rocky coastal range, Southern Italy. In this area, alluvial-fan-flooding is the most frequent and destructive geologic hazards since Roman time. Sudden torrent of waters (flash flood) are caused by high-intensity and very localized cloudbursts of short duration inducing slope erosion and sediment delivery from slope-to-stream. The elevated bed load transport produces fast-moving hyperconcentrated flows with significant catastrophic implications for communities living at stream mouth. The 9 September 2010 rainstorm event lasted 1 h with an intensity rainfall peak nearly to 120 mm h−1. High topographic relief of the Amalfi coastal range and positive anomalies of the coastal waters conditioned the character of the convective system. Based on geological data and post-event field evidence and surveys, as well as homemade-videos, and eyewitness accounts the consequent flash-flood mobilized some 25 000 m3 of materials with a total (water and sediment) peak flow of 80 m3 s−1. The estimated peak discharge of only clear water was about 65 m3 s−1. This leads to a sediment bulking factor of 1.2 that corresponds to a flow with velocities similar to those of water during a flood.
Eddy surface properties and propagation at Southern Hemisphere western boundary current systems
Authors: Pilo G. S. , Mata M. M. , Azevedo J. L. L.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Oceanic eddies exist throughout the world oceans, but are more energetic when associated with western boundary currents (WBC) systems. In these regions, eddies play an important role in mixing and energy exchange. Therefore, it is important to quantify and qualify eddies associated with these systems. This is particularly true for the Southern Hemisphere WBC system where only few eddy censuses have been performed to date. In these systems, important aspects of the local eddy population are still unknown, like their spatial distribution and propagation patterns. Moreover, the understanding of these patterns helps to establish monitoring programs and to gain insight in how eddies would affect local mixing. Here, we use a global eddy data set to qualify eddies based on their surface characteristics in the Agulhas Current (AC), the Brazil Current (BC) and the East Australian Current (EAC) systems. The analyses reveal that eddy propagation within each system is highly forced by the local mean flow and bathymetry. Large values of eddy amplitude and temporal variability are associated with the BC and EAC retroflections, while small values occur in the centre of the Argentine Basin and in the Tasman Sea. In the AC system, eddy polarity dictates the propagation distance. BC system eddies do not propagate beyond the Argentine Basin, and are advected by the local ocean circulation. EAC system eddies from both polarities cross south of Tasmania but only the anticyclonic ones reach the Great Australian Bight. For all three WBC systems, both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies present a geographical segregation according to radius size and amplitude. Regions of high eddy kinetic energy are associated with the eddies' mean amplitudes, and not with their densities.
Melt pond fraction and spectral sea ice albedo retrieval from MERIS data – Part 1: Validation against in situ, aerial, and ship cruise data
Authors: Istomina L. , Heygster G. , Huntemann M. , Schwarz P. , Birnbaum G. , Scharien R. , Polashenski C. , Perovich D. , Zege E. , Malinka A. , Prikhach A. , Katsev I.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The presence of melt ponds on the Arctic sea ice strongly affects the energy balance of the Arctic Ocean in summer. It affects albedo as well as transmittance through the sea ice, which has consequences for the heat balance and mass balance of sea ice. An algorithm to retrieve melt pond fraction and sea ice albedo from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data is validated against aerial, shipborne and in situ campaign data. The results show the best correlation for landfast and multiyear ice of high ice concentrations. For broadband albedo, R2 is equal to 0.85, with the RMS (root mean square) being equal to 0.068; for the melt pond fraction, R2 is equal to 0.36, with the RMS being equal to 0.065. The correlation for lower ice concentrations, subpixel ice floes, blue ice and wet ice is lower due to ice drift and challenging for the retrieval surface conditions. Combining all aerial observations gives a mean albedo RMS of 0.089 and a mean melt pond fraction RMS of 0.22. The in situ melt pond fraction correlation is R2 = 0.52 with an RMS = 0.14. Ship cruise data might be affected by documentation of varying accuracy within the Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate (ASPeCt) protocol, which may contribute to the discrepancy between the satellite value and the observed value: mean R2 = 0.044, mean RMS = 0.16. An additional dynamic spatial cloud filter for MERIS over snow and ice has been developed to assist with the validation on swath data.
Ponerse a cantar. Modos de autorrepresentación del poeta cantor en El gaucho Martín Fierro y en El guacho Martín Fierro.
Authors: Ramallo Carolina
Published: August 2015

En el presente artículo se busca relevar y analizar de forma comparada los modos en que la figura del poeta cantor es representada en El gaucho Martín Fierro de José Hernández (publicado en 1872) y en El guacho Martín Fierro de Oscar Fariña (2011). Prestamos especial atención al modo en que se formula e intenta contestar la pregunta acerca de quién puede hablar desde la posición de cantor, es decir, desde un saber autorizado por la experiencia y especializado técnica y estéticamente. De este modo, exploramos las maneras en que en ambos textos se producen relaciones complejas con la otredad que permiten un productivo uso del lenguaje.
Environmental Education in China: Development, Difficulties and Recommendations
Authors: Tian Youyi , Wang Chenyu
Published: August 2015

With China’s economic take off since the 1990s, environmental degradation, such as climate change, energy crises, and conflicts from environmental devastation become more and more serious. As such, environmental education (EE), which has been implemented since 1973, shoulders a pivotal role in maintaining the balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability. This paper reviews EE’s development in China and, examines the characteristics and conceptual difficulties of EE, including the unscientific understanding on EE, low-level of motivation to incorporate EE in teachings, the lack of environmental awareness, and contradiction between economic growth and environmental protection and sustainable development. Recommendations to EE include: (1) the fundamental framework of EE should gear toward providing adequate awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills, evaluation ability, and participation for EE and education for sustainable development (ESD) in China; (2) policies of EE need to be enacted and implemented, so as to reflect the diverse needs based on developing economic growth and cultural situations across the country; (3) it is imperative to accelerate the legislation process of environmental education law; and (4) government, regions, and environmental non-government organizations (NGOs) should foster and strengthen its bilateral or multilateral international exchanges and cooperation.
Evolução e Desenvolvimento de Personagens de Sitcoms: Uma Análise de Rachel Green, do Seriado Friends (1994-2004)
Authors: BONA Rafael José , BALDISSERA Marina Meneguzzi
Published: August 2015

O artigo faz uma análise da personagem Rachel Green, da comédia de situação (sitcom) Friends (1994-2004). A pesquisa foi classificada como exploratória e descritiva. Foram selecionados 10 episódios, sendo um de cada temporada. Os critérios utilizados para análise foram os seguintes: a narrativa ABC, os tipos de conflitoe a estruturação técnica e dramática de umasitcom. Em relação à personagem, foram observados os seguintes aspectos: suas características físicas, sociais e psicológicas, sua vida interior e exterior, o tipo de personagem, e os arquétipos que desempenha. Os resultados alcançados apontam para uma reflexão eanálise do processo evolutivo e de desenvolvimento de um personagem, dentro de um produto midiático, em formato televisivo seriado.
A Comunicação no Cinema dos Sentidos: Abordando a Imersão sob a Perspectiva do Som
Authors: OPOLSKI Débora Regina
Published: August 2015

O presente trabalho pretende abordar a imersão criada pelo Cinema dos Sentidos sob a perspectiva do som. De acordo com Robert Stam (2011), no Cinema dos Sentidos, a sensação predomina sobre a narrativa e o som cinematográfico aparece como um elemento capaz de aumentar a sensação de realidade da imagem. A criação da imersão é discutida com base em três aspectos sonoros: o estabelecimento do ponto de escuta; o som no supercampo em conjunto com as questões da espacialidade sonora e; o hiper-realismo como técnica que proporciona uma sensação de materialidade dos objetos sonoros (CHION, 2011). Pretende-se mostrar que a utilização desses três aspectos pode criar a imersão do Cinema dos Sentidos, proporcionando materialidade às sensações do espectador.
Análise Textual de Material Audiovisual: Uma Metodologia para Estudo de Programação de TV Comunitária
Authors: PEREIRA Fabiana Da Costa , FOSSÁ Maria Ivete Trevisan
Published: August 2015

Para analisar a grade da TV Santa Maria no que tem de comunitário em sua programação recorreu-se à análise textual de material audiovisual proposta por Casetti e Chio (1999), como metodologia de estudo. Mais do que apontar a presença das temáticas comunitárias, possibilitou considerar os atores/sujeitos presentes na programação, na produção e na narrativa televisiva. Nesse sentido, objetiva-se apresentar o desenvolvimento da metodologia, apropriada em uma perspectiva particular, pelo estudo empírico da programação da TV Santa Maria, uma TV comunitária que ocupa o canal 20 da Net, na cidade de Santa Maria, no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Com grade de programação variada e no ar 24 horas por dia, com produção local, envolve diferentes segmentos da comunidade em uma diversidade de temáticas e propostas.
Central da Periferia e o Debate sobre a Valorização Cultural: Como Estado de Minas, Veja, Observatório da Imprensa e seus Públicos Receberam esse Programa
Authors: PRADO Denise Figueiredo Barros do
Published: August 2015

Neste artigo, refletiremos sobre os sentidos acionados pelos colunistas e pelos leitores-internautas do Estado de Minas e dos sites da Veja e Observatório da Imprensa em suas interpretações sobre o programa televisivo Central da Periferia (2006). O objetivo desse programa foi apresentar as práticas culturais populares em seu contexto de surgimento com a intenção de valorizá-las e inseri-las no panorama cultural brasileiro. A análise do material recortado nos permite compreender como essa tentativa de valorização cultural promovida pelo programa foi recebida e debatida nesses veículos midiáticos e conduziu à problematização sobre as formas sociais de valorização cultural. Notamos que a maioria dos argumentos contrários ao programa, bem como às práticas culturais e aos artistas apresentados, é sustentada por representações sociais arraigadas, nas quais preconceitos de classe e discursos elitistas são reforçados. Assim, este estudo nos permite entender, com base nas manifestações tanto dos colunistas quanto dos leitores internautas, que os processos de valorização cultural não estão desvinculados de um embate a respeito do lugar social dos grupos populares. Desta forma, esta análise contribui para a reflexão sobre como as relações sociais afetam os processos de valorização cultural no Brasil.
O Embate de Opiniões das Fontes no Discurso sobre a Reforma Psiquiátrica no Jornal Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: GOMES Denise Cristina Ayres
Published: August 2015

O jornal é um espaço discursivo em que os agentes sociais lutam pelo poder simbólico e procuram impor um modo próprio de interpretar a realidade. Este artigo analisa a representatividade das fontes e o valor do dito (CHARAUDEAU, 2012) no discurso sobre a reforma psiquiátrica do jornal Folha de S.Paulo (FSP). O corpus é constituído por 16 textos informativos escolhidos por meio das palavras-chave “reforma psiquiátrica” e “antimanicomial” nos anos de 1991, 2001 e 2011. Verificamos que as fontes institucionais predominam nos textos, estão ligadas ao poder psiquiátrico (46,80%) e produzem 37 efeitos, sendo 20 de opinião, três de decisão e 14 de saber. As fontes institucionais não têm poder de decisão nas políticas de saúde, mas projetam uma imagem democrática do jornal, que procura revelar diversos pontos de vista de entidades sobre o tema controverso.
Comunicação Pública e Articulação Comunitária em Processos de Gestão Compartilhada: a Relação entre a Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte e seus Cidadãos.
Authors: PIMENTA Laura Nayara
Published: August 2015

O presente artigo analisa as interações comunicativas entre a Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte e seus cidadãos, considerando um contexto dito de gestão compartilhada. Ainda que essa proposta de gestão preze pela criação de canais que possibilitem uma ação conjunta entre Estado e sociedade civil, devemos considerar que, atualmente, essas instâncias apresentam desenhos institucionais que dão contorno às interações entre o poder público e os cidadãos e, especialmente, às interlocuções com as diversas formações de base comunitária organizadas na cidade. Assim, utilizamos entrevistas em profundidade e análise documental, visando examinar diversos dilemas relativos à institucionalização dessas relações.
Apresentação
Authors: SILVESTRIN Celsi Brönstrup
Published: August 2015

Em sua nona edição – primeira de 2015, a revista Ação Midiática busca valorizar a área da Comunicação em suas várias abordagens, trazendo artigos com tema livre. A decisão editorial valoriza, assim, a publicação de textos com pareceres favoráveis no processo de avaliação, recebidos em fluxo contínuo, tendo em vista o número expressivo de submissões.
Pesquisar e participar da formulação de uma causa pública: notas etnográficas sobre o desaparecimento de pessoas no Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Leticia Carvalho de M.
Published: August 2015

O artigo discute questões de ordem metodológica implicadas em uma experiência particular de pesquisa etnográfica: um trabalho de campo extensivo realizado junto a servidores públicos, funcionários de organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) e membros de associações civis reunidos em uma rede de instituições voltada para a prevenção e o enfrentamento de casos de desaparecimento de pessoas no Brasil contemporâneo. Recompondo parte da trajetória de pesquisa e analisando alguns episódios centrais do trabalho de campo, discuto as possibilidades e os desdobramentos da aproximação entre autoridade etnográfica e autoridade burocrática implicadas nesse contexto específico de pesquisa e, ainda, trato dos dilemas da articulação entre pesquisa e participação por ele engendrados.
‘Afinal, você é um homem ou é um rato?’
Authors: Da Silva e Sá Guilherme José
Published: August 2015

O artigo, que toma a forma de ensaio crítico, tem como mote de argumentação uma prosaica provocação “Afinal, você é um homem ou um rato?”. Em torno dela surgem como principais pontos a antropologia dos animais, as relações interespecíficas e o pós-humanismo. O texto é igualmente uma peça de reflexão a respeito dos compromissos assimétricos históricos que foram forjados no cerne do pensamento humanista. A crítica ao antropocentrismo e ao representacionalismo, que ora se apresenta às ciências sociais, é feita através de uma estratégia que centraliza a alteração na forma de escrever e de narrar, como forma de expressão de um posicionamento comprometido com a descentralização da hegemonia humana.
Sahlins, Marshall. What kinship is – and is not. Chicago The University of Chicago Press, 2013, 110pp.
Authors: Petschelies Erik
Published: August 2015

Ensaio bibliográfico da obra "What Kinship is - and is not" de Marshall Sahlins, bem como da recepção crítica à qual o livro foi submetido em uma edição da revista HAU.
Protagonistas e mediadores: Indígenas e Hidrelétricas na bacia do rio Uruguai
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo Cid
Published: August 2015

A convivência entre as populações indígenas e os empreendimentos do Setor Elétrico na bacia do rio Uruguai (RS/SC) vem sendo estudada desde os anos setenta, com as pesquisas pioneiras do antropólogo Silvio Coelho dos Santos. Distribuídos em inúmeras terras indígenas da região, os Kaingang constituem oposição sistemática aos grandes projetos que já resultaram na construção de sete usinas hidrelétricas na bacia do rio Uruguai. Entretanto, para espanto e perplexidade de muitos, os Kaingang tem manifestado nos últimos anos interesse específico na construção de Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas (PCHs). Eles querem autorizar e ter participação nos lucros de PCHs a serem instaladas nos rios que banham suas terras. Analisar este enunciado é o objetivo desta comunicação. Em que contextos surgem estas manifestações? Quais argumentos são empregados em defesa destes projetos? Como projetos hidrelétricos estão inseridos no contexto indígena? Esta comunicação parte da análise de dois casos em que os Kaingang publicamente defendem a construção de PCHs em seus territórios. Com estratégias distintas, as lideranças indígenas reivindicam o poder de definição de seus projetos próprios de desenvolvimento. Para a análise antropológica estes casos oferecem um cenário etnográfico particularmente desafiador, posto que redimensionam a condição de marginalização e exclusão, inserindo os indígenas no centro dos debates sobre o próprio desenvolvimento.
Apresentação ao Dossiê Antropologia e Desenvolvimento
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo Cid
Published: August 2015

Apresentação ao Dossiê Antropologia e Desenvolvimento.
Pelos Caminhos da Rota Romântica: Etnografia da constituição de um roteiro turístico no sul do Brasil
Authors: Kopper Moisés
Published: August 2015

Este artigo problematiza o processo de constituição do roteiro turístico Rota Romântica ao longo do trajeto de catorze municípios de colonização alemã na região nordeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Busca compreender o modo pelo qual sua configuração suscitou profundas restruturações políticas, econômicas e sociais, colocando em jogo novas relações entre a cidade e seus habitantes, entre natureza e cultura, que passam a informar os cálculos em torno dos benefícios que a indústria turística poderá trazer à região. Metodologicamente, o artigo concentra-se na análise de entrevista realizada com seu atual presidente, de materiais de divulgação diversos, bem como da vida social de dois comércios familiares locais em reformulação. Reordenada em torno da nova gramática do mercado turístico, as disputas semânticas trouxeram consequências não somente para a construção de diferentes modalidades ou aptidões turísticas no interior da região, como também para a recomposição da vocação étnica e comercial dos mercados locais.
Expediente
Authors: Revista de Antropologia Social Campos
Published: August 2015

Dados sobre Comissão executiva, Comissão editorial, Conselho editorial, Indexadores, ficha catalográfica e preparação da edição vol. 14 n. 1 e 2.
Evaluation of Laboratory Procedures to Quantify the Neutral Detergent Fiber Content in Forage, Concentrate, and Ruminant Feces
Authors: Barbosa Marcília Medrado , Detmann Edenio , Rocha Gabriel Cipriano , Franco Marcia de Oliveira , Filho Sebastião de Campos Valadares
Published: August 2015

A comparison was made of measurements of neutral detergent fiber concentrations obtained with AOAC Method 2002.04 and modified methods using pressurized environments or direct use of industrial heat-stable α-amylase in samples of forage (n = 37), concentrate (n = 30), and ruminant feces (n = 39). The following method modifications were tested: AOAC Method 2002.04 with replacement of the reflux apparatus with an autoclave or Ankom220® extractor and F57 filter bags, and AOAC Method 2002.04 with replacement of the standardization procedures for α-amylase by a single addition of industrial α-amylase [250 μL of Termamyl 2X 240 Kilo Novo Units (KNU)-T/g] prior to heating the neutral detergent solution. For the feces and forage samples, the results obtained with the modified methods with an autoclave or modification of α-amylase use were similar to those obtained using AOAC Method 2002.04, but the use of the Ankom220 extractor resulted in overestimated values. For the concentrate samples, the modified methods using an autoclave or Ankom220 extractor resulted in positive systematic errors. However, the method using industrial α-amylase resulted in systematic error and slope bias despite that the obtained values were close to those obtained with AOAC Method 2002.04.
Comparison of Column Solid-Phase Extraction Procedures for Spectrophotometric Determination of E129 (Allura Red) in Foodstuff, Pharmaceutical, and Energy Drink Samples
Authors: Bişgin Abdullah Taner , Uçan Mustafa , Narin İbrahim
Published: August 2015

Two novel spectrophotometric determination procedures based on retention of Allura Red onto Amberlite XAD-1180 and XAD-16 resins for its preconcentration, purification, and separation were developed. Analytical parameters of the methods including pH, eluent type, sample volume, and sample and eluent flow rates, were investigated and optimized. Interference effects of some cations, anions, and widely used food dyes were also investigated. Detection limits of the two methods were found to be 1.2 and 1.5 μg/L for XAD-1180 and XAD-16 columns, respectively, under optimum conditions. Linear calibration curve ranges of the methods were 0.4–8.0 and 0.5–6.0 μg/mL of Allura Red for XAD-1180 and XAD-16 resins, respectively. Preconcentration factors were found as 80 for both the XAD-1180 and XAD-16 columns using maximum sample volume and minimum eluent volume. RSDs of the methods were below 6% throughout all experiments. All absorbance measurements were performed at 506 nm. Validations of the methods were performed comparatively with determination of the Allura Red contents of some foodstuff, pharmaceutical, and energy drink samples. Allura Red concentrations in investigated solid and liquid samples ranged from 298 to 501 μg/g and 53.8 to 508 μg/mL, respectively. Satisfactory results were obtained from the real samples analysis. Allura Red contents of samples were determined to be highly similar using the two extraction methods. Comparisons of the methods were performed by analysis of Allura Red contents of the real samples. In addition to analytical parameters, adsorption isotherm studies were performed for the two kinds of Amberlite resins. It was observed that developed methods fit the linear form of the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. All of the experimental results suggested that the developed SPE procedures are suitable for separation, preconcentration, and determination of Allura Red in solid and liquid matrixes.
HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Bakuchiol and Minor Furocoumarins in Bakuchiol Extract from Psoralea corylifolia
Authors: Jeong Mijeong , Hong Thao , Lee Kangwoo , Hwangbo Hyunjung , Kim Minjung , Ma Wenwen , Zahn Michael
Published: August 2015

A simple, sensitive, and rapid HPLC method was developed to analyze bakuchiol and two furocoumarins (psoralen and angelicin) simultaneously in bakuchiol extracts from Psoralea corylifolia seeds. The analysis was performed within 30 min on a phenyl-hexyl column using gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of water and methanol with UV detection at 260 nm for bakuchiol and 246 nm for psoralen and angelicin. The method was validated with respect to linearity (r2 > 0.99 for all components), accuracy (>95% for all components), and precision (<2% RSD for both interday and intraday). Sensitivity of impurity detection in the sample was achieved as low as 0.36 and 0.31 μg/mL for psoralen and angelicin, respectively. Therefore, the method is suitable for QC of P. corylifolia extracts and bakuchiol related samples.
Simultaneous Determination of 10 Ultratrace Elements in Infant Formula, Adult Nutritionals, and Milk Products by ICP/MS After Pressure Digestion: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Dubascoux Stephane , Nicolas Marine , Rime Celine Fragniere , Payot Janique Richoz , Poitevin Eric
Published: August 2015

A single-laboratory validation (SLV) is presented for the simultaneous determination of 10 ultratrace elements (UTEs) including aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and tin (Sn) in infant formulas, adult nutritionals, and milk based products by inductively coupled plasma (ICP)/MS after acidic pressure digestion. This robust and routine multielemental method is based on several official methods with modifications of sample preparation using either microwave digestion or high pressure ashing and of analytical conditions using ICP/MS with collision cell technology. This SLV fulfills AOAC method performance criteria in terms of linearity, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy and fully answers most international regulation limits for trace contaminants and/or recommended nutrient levels established for 10 UTEs in targeted matrixes.