bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OUTCOME BASED LEARNING: THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING ACTIVITY ON DEEP CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Thote Prashant , S Gowri
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of experiential learning activity in deep conceptual understanding of science in comparison with conventional teaching model. In the present experiment quasi experimental and post-test research design is implemented. Totally 80 students participate in the study: 40 girls and 40 boys. The sample is categorized into two: study and the control group. Each group consists of 40 students: 20 boys and 20 girls. The study group is taught “Gases Law” by using experiential learning activities and the control is taught by using the conventional method. Data is collected by using a questionnaire and it consists of 20 multiple choice questions. The collected data is analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The examination of the data illustrates that there is no noteworthy difference in the mean score between the study group and the control group. Independent ‘t-test’ is applied to compare the student’s achievement in post-test. The mean score of the study group, who are exposed to the experiential learning activities, in Science Achievement post-test is 17.35. It is higher than that of (t=6.65; p>0.01) the learners in the control group. The mean of the control group is 14.45. Therefore, it is concluded that the experiential learning activities as a teaching model enhances the deep conceptual understanding of science.
SHIPS WITH SMALL WATER-PLANE AREA: THE MAIN INFORMATION
Authors: Dubrovsky Victor A.
Published: June 2021

Ships with small water-plane area (below “SWA ships”) have very special shape of hulls. It is the reason of characteristic specificity of such ships.
SWA ships usually are multi-hull ones. And as all multi-hulls, SWA ships differ from the comparable mono-hulls by bigger deck area relative the displacement and by simple ensuring of stability.
There are some architectural types of SWA ships. Their differences are shown by the article. Relative area of deck and initial transverse stability of SWA ships are compared. Statistical data on performance: twin-hull SWA versus catamarans. Common specificity of and . The main external loads. Special method of designing. Main disadvantages. Conclusions, recommendation.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF CONDUCTIVITYOF UREASE DOPED POLYPYRROLE MATERIAL
Authors: Pandey Munish , Badlani Richa
Published: June 2021

In polymerization of was carried out in the presence of to synthesize – composites by chemical oxidation method. The / have been synthesized with various compositions (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ) of in in aquas medium at room temperature. The – composites were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR). The d.c. conductivity was studied in the temperature range from 40–100°C. The dimensions of in the matrix have a greater influence on the observed conductivity values.
MILLENNIAL PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE PURCHASE DECISIONS OF GREEN PRODUCTS –A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
Authors: Vasuki K. , SHOBA  , V. Balaji
Published: June 2021

The study is executed to assess the millennial perception towards the purchase decisions of green products in Chennai city. The study used both primary and secondary data. The secondary data obtained through research articles, magazines, and daily newspapers. The primary data was gathered from the millennial that are purchasing the green products in Chennai city. The sample size of the study is 591. A simple convenience sampling method was used. The study found that the factors i.e., Environmentally Friendly, Environmental Responsibility, Healthy, Natural products, and environmentally protection, and Social Appeal significantly influenced green products’ purchase decisions among the millennial in the study region. The study also originates that there is significant difference among the age group of concerning the purchase decisions of green products certain aspects like Environmentally friendly, and Healthy. The study results also exhibited that the male and female millennial have similar perception on purchase of green products in the study region.
The Public Sphere's Metamorphosis – The Triangular Relation Between the NGO, the State, and Globalization
Authors: Bennani Azelarabe
Published: June 2021

The issue we will discuss is related to the use of the Internet by the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to improve the social development in the African and international context. We will also discuss the philo-sophical background of the notion of ?public sphere‘ by the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas. Departing from the situation in Morocco, we observe that the lasting democratization process aims to improve the participation of the public sphere in the agency of social life. Taking for granted that society is not homo-geneous as expected, we observe that it is divided into the political establishment, including the state, par-liament, and the political institutions; in the social, religious and cultural institutions and the civil society. The state aims to enhance the participation of the other social spheres in the programme set by the government. The task is to engage the public sphere in the so called ?partnership‘ in the realization of its social pro-grammes.
Globalization, Knowledge Economy and the implication for Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Moahi Kgomotso H
Published: June 2021

This paper considers the impact that globalization and the knowledge economy have on the protection and promotion of indigenous knowledge. It is asserted that globalization and the knowledge economy have opened up the world and facilitated the flow of information and knowledge. However, the flow of knowledge has been governed by uneven economic and political power between the developed countries and the devel-oping countries. This has a number of ramifications for IK. The dilemma faced is that whichever method is taken to protect IK (IPR regimes, documenting IK etc) exposes IK to some misappropriation. Protecting it through IPR is also fraught with problems. Documenting IK exposes IK to the public domain and makes it that much easier to be misused. However, not protecting IK runs the danger of having it disappear as the custodians holding it die off, or as communities become swamped by the effects of globalization. The conclu-sion therefore is that governments have to take more interest in protecting, promoting and using IK than they have been doing.
Social robots – emotional agents: Some remarks on naturalizing man-machine interaction
Authors: Becker Barbara
Published: June 2021

The construction of embodied conversational agents – robots as well as avatars – seem to be a new challenge in the field of both cognitive AI and human-computer-interface development. On the one hand, one aims at gaining new insights in the development of cognition and communication by constructing intelligent, physical instantiated artefacts. On the other hand people are driven by the idea, that humanlike mechanical dialog-partners will have a positive effect on human-machine-communication. In this contribution I put for discussion whether the visions of scientist in this field are plausible and which problems might arise by the realization of such projects.
Invisibility and the Meaning of Ambient Intelligence
Authors: Crutzen C K M
Published: June 2021

A vision of future daily life is explored in Ambient Intelligence (AmI). It contains the assumption that intelligent technology should disappear into our environment to bring humans an easy and entertaining life. The mental, physical, methodical invisibility of AmI will have an effect on the relation between design and use activities of both users and designers. Especially the ethics discussions of AmI, privacy, identity and security are moved into the foreground. However in the process of using AmI, it will go beyond these themes. The infiltration of AmI will cause the construction of new meanings of privacy, identity and security because the "visible" acting of people will be preceded, accompanied and followed by the invisible and visible acting of the AmI technology and their producers. A question in this paper is: How is it possible to create critical transformative rooms in which doubting will be possible under the circumstances that autonomous 'intelligent agents' surround humans? Are humans in danger to become just objects of artificial intelligent conversations? Probably the relation between mental, physical, methodical invisibility and visibility of AmI could give answers.
In Between Companion and Cyborg: The Double Diffracted Being Elsewhere of a Robodog
Authors: Krähling Maren
Published: June 2021

Aibo, Sony’s robodog, questions the relations between nature, technology, and society and directs the attention to the difficult and changing triad between machines, humans and animals. Located at the boundaries between entertainment robot, dog, and companion Aibo evokes the question which relationship humans and Aibo can have and which ethical issues are being addressed. Promoted by Sony as a ‘best friend’, it is useful to analyze Aibo within the theoretical framework of feminist philosopher and biologist Donna Haraway, who develops alternative approaches of companionships between humans and dogs. Therefore, I am going to ask how Aibo challenges the understanding of other life forms by humans and how concepts of friendship are at stake. Ethical questions about human perceptions of dogs in the age of doglike robots must be approached. However, Aibo itself follows no predefined category. Aibo does neither live in a merely mechanistic ‘elsewhere’ nor in the ‘elsewhere’ of animals but in an intermediate space, in a doubled diffracted ‘elsewhere’.
Uma análise sobre a política de informação para a defesa militar do Brasil: algumas implicações éticas
Authors: Nathansohn Bruno M
Published: June 2021

Some ethical implications: It is presented the development of the information policy for the military defense of Brazil, taking into consideration information actions, which were implemented during the Brazilian history, and in the context of the regions where the country carries out geostrategic influence. The hypothesis is that there is a dilemma of the Brazilian state between cooperative international relations, based on a multilateral perspective, and the threats to its critical information infrastructure. Besides, technically there is a fragility of the cybernetics infrastructure because of the lack of an appropriate information policy, which could contribute to the position of Brazil in the international system of power, in accordance with its potentialities. Questions that imply ethics dilemmas about the threshold between the cooperative interchange, on the one hand, and the preservation of sovereignty, on the other, related with what should, or should not, be shared in the cyberspace.
Game, Player, Ethics: A Virtue Ethics Approach to Computer Games
Authors: Sicart Miguel
Published: June 2021

As the contemporary heirs of popular music or cinema, computer games are gradually taking over the markets of entertainment. Much like cinema and music, computer games are taking the spotlight in another front – that which blames them for encouraging unethical behaviors. Apparently, computer games turn their users into blood thirsty zombies with a computer game learnt ability of aiming with deadly precision. The goal of this paper is to pay attention to the ethical nature of computer games, in order to understand better the ways we can evaluate their morality in western cultures providing a framework to understand some of these concerns. This paper poses questions about the ontology of games and their ethical meaning, in an attempt to give ethical theory a word in the analysis of computer games.
The Ethical Significance of Cheating in Online Computer Games
Authors: Kimppa K K , Bissett A K
Published: June 2021

In this article cheating in network and specifically online computer games is looked into as a moral offence. Reasons for the public ignoring the issue are brought forth. We present what could be considered as cheating in generic terms and in context. Different kinds of cheating are delineated, and remedies proposed. We also identify what is not cheating.
Social Context in Massively-Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs):
Authors: Warner Dorothy E , Raiter Mike
Published: June 2021

Computer and video games have become nearly ubiquitous among individuals in industrialized nations, and they have received increasing attention from researchers across many areas of scientific study. However, relatively little attention has been given to Massively-Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs). The unique social context of MMOGs raises ethical questions about how communication occurs and how conflict is managed in the game world. In order to explore these questions, we compare the social context in Blizzard’s World of Warcraft and Disney’s Toontown, focusing on griefing opportunities in each game. We consider ethical questions from the perspectives of players, game companies, and policymakers.
On IRIE Vol. 11
Authors: Feilhauer Matthias , Zehle Soenke
Published: June 2021

recommendations for how to build citizen-centric e-government to ensure information rights through a focus
The Spirit of Open Access to Information as a Key Pillar to the African Re-naissance
Authors: Du Plessis Jacques C
Published: June 2021

This article explores the future impact of an African renaissance with a specific emphasis on information ethics to address the needs of the emerging virtual realm. The four main focus areas include the technologi-cal challenges to deploy ICT infrastructure to enable the delivery of information to the people and to allow for new means of communication. The second focus considers the economic obstacles that need to be consi-dered in the quest to empower average citizens to exercise their right to access information. The third focus addresses the linguistic and cultural realities that hinder the adoption of some ICTs. The final focus considers the legal framework that has to be developed and strengthened to establish citizen‘s rights of access and privacy in cyberspace.
Gender and ethically relevant issues of visualizations in the life sciences
Authors: Schinzel Britta
Published: June 2021

Here moral problems created by the use of constructive imaging technologies within the life sciences are discussed. It specifically deals with the creation of dichotomies, such as gender, race and other differences, created and manifested through the contingent use of scientific and computational models and methods, channelling the production process of scientific results and images. Gender in technology studies has been concerned with destabilizing essentialist and dichotomous coconstructions of gender and technology. In the technological construction process gendered social constructions of stereotypes and inequalities both of the technological models and of the presumptions in life sciences become structural properties of the artefacts, again flowing back into the seemingly objective results and knowledge of the life sciences. Here we will deal with the construction of gender differences via biomedical imaging and the creation of norms in atlases. Additionally, the de-contextualized images, showing idiosyncratic selections and reducing complexity are used to popularize gendered assumptions about biological facts.
Intellectual Property, Traditional Resources Rights, and Natural Law: A Clash of Cultures
Authors: Gathegi John N
Published: June 2021

Western nations, through international treaties and bodies such as the World Trade Organization, the World Intellectual Property Organization, and economic and political pressures on many governments, are to a large degree succeeding in strengthening protection of intellectual property rights as they are understood mainly within the western context. Framing the debate within Locke‘s theory of natural law, the paper discusses the extent to which this strengthening of intellectual property rights is appropriate for developing countries, especially within the African context.
Twitter Cares? Using Twitter to Care About, Care for and Care With Women Who Have Had Abortions
Authors: Puotinen Sara L
Published: June 2021

In this paper, I argue that Angie Jackson and her live-tweeting of her abortion and Step Herold, and development of the #ihadanabortion hashtag, used twitter to practice empathy-as-care. Challenging the perception, fueled by newspaper reports, television news segments, popular accounts of scientific studies and academic articles, that twitter strips us of our empathy and makes us uncaring and apathetic, I explore how Angie Jackson’s live-tweet and Steph Herold’s hashtag enabled users to care about, care for and care with women who have had abortions. While the caring practices that these projects allowed for were tenuous, fleeting and not always successful, their presence on twitter indicates that social media like twitter have the potential to enable us to care and should be taken seriously as spaces with ethical value.
International advocacy for information ethics: the role of IFLA
Authors: Lor Peter Johan
Published: June 2021

This paper focuses on IFLA's international advocacy role. It explores the relationship between library advo-cacy and information ethics, before outlining the ethical thrusts of IFLA's advocacy and describing IFLA's international advocacy work, with special emphasis on Africa.
Secreto, lenguaje y memoria en la sociedad de la información
Authors: Capurro Rafael , Capurro Raquel
Published: June 2021

This dialogue between a psychoanalyst (Raquel Capurro) and a specialist in information ethics (Rafael Capurro) deals with the relationship between secrecy, language and memory in the information society. The first part addresses the present debate on privacy and the Internet from a psychoanalytic perspective (Freud, Lacan), taking into consideration the relationship between language and memory. The second part deals with the concept of secrecy with regard to oblivion and censorship in the context of the digital network as a space in which seemingly anyone can tell anything to everybody. The question of “what cannot be said” is posed from a psychoanalytic perspective. The third part explores the relationship between memory and secrecy. Secrecy is defined as a “dispositif of exclusion.” The concept of “information society” is contrasted to a “society of secrecy”. This strategy opens a debate about the question of secrecy in the information society that might also help to disambiguate this concept when applied to concrete situations and spheres in which the question of where to draw the line arises.
Rights versus Diversity? The Accelerated Extinction of Languages and Cultures as an Aspect of Current Globalization Trends
Authors: Löwstedt Anthony
Published: June 2021

This paper starts from the assumption that linguistic diversity, and more generally, cultural diversity, are intrinsically good. I will look at their opposites, linguistic and cultural poverty, and the current tendencies towards the latter within the globalization process. I will also briefly explore the relationship between human rights and cultural diversity, which may be viewed as somewhat problematic, but the emphasis will be on what I consider the essential aspect of that relationship, namely, the mutually reinforcing relationship be-tween rights and diversity, and between their opposites, human rights violations and cultural uniformity (cultural poverty). In this context, the issue of legislative protection and promotion of cultural diversity will be investigated from a global perspective. Finally, I wish to assess the roles of Africa and of Africanicity with regard to these issues.
A different kind of war: Internet databases and legal protection or how
the strict intellectual property laws of the West threaten the developing
countries’ information commons
Authors: Canellopoulou-Bottis Maria
Published: June 2021

This paper describes intellectual property legislation in the European Union, the US and the Draft Treaty on
the legal protection of unoriginal databases, usually available in the Internet. I argue that this type of
legislation, if enforced upon developing countries and countries in transition through international
‘agreements’, could in effect deprive them of their own information commons, their own public domain. With
examples from China, India, Africa and Iceland, I argue that this deprivation in the case of developing
countries is, morally, equal to a virtual war against them by the West, wholly unjustified and dangerous-an
example of virtual imperialism.
Models for Ethical Decision-Making for Use in Teaching Information
Ethics: Challenges for Educating Diverse Information Professionals
Authors: Carbo Toni
Published: June 2021

Teaching Information Ethics to a very diverse group of graduate students working towards careers as
information professionals raises a number of challenges. The students come from different disciplines and a
wide range of diverse educational, economic, social, and cultural backgrounds and from several different
countries. At the University of Pittsburgh, students in the Information Ethics course are enrolled in one of
three master’s or doctoral degree programs at the School of Information Sciences: information science,
library and information science or telecommunications. In addition, graduate students, and an occasional
senior-level undergraduate student, from other disciplines and schools, such as business, medicine, public
and international affairs, as well as students from other universities, such as Carnegie Mellon University, take
the fifteen-week course. Identifying and using models for ethical reflection and moral decision-making
requires drawing on materials from several disciplines and adapting those models for the course. This paper
will discuss some of the models used in the past, the advantages and disadvantages of the model currently
used (i.e., Richard Paul and Linda Elder’s, The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical
Reasoning. The Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA, 2003), and the evolution of the
Information Ethics course over its fifteen-year history.
What is this absence called transparency?
Authors: Sturges Paul
Published: June 2021

Campaigners against corruption advocate transparency as a fundamental condition for its prevention. Trans-parency in itself is not the most important thing: it is the accountability that it makes possible. Transparency itself is, in fact, a metaphor based on the ability of light to pass through a solid, but transparent, medium and reveal what is on the other side. In practice it allows the revelation of what otherwise might have been concealed, and it is applied in a social context to the revelation of human activity in which there is a valid public interest. It can be applied to all of those who hold power and responsibility, whether that is political or economic. More accurate definition of the term, including distinctions between open governance, procedural transparency, radical transparency, and systemic or total transparency is important. Various ways in which an observer can make use of transparency to scrutinise the activity of others, including freedom of information laws, accounting and audit systems, and the protection of public interest disclosure (whistleblowing) also need to be distinguished from each other.
Marginalized Knowledge: An Agenda for Indigenous Knowledge Develop-ment and Integration with Other Forms of Knowledge
Authors: Ocholla Dennis
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine Indigenous Knowledge (IK) in order to suggest an agenda for its development and integration with other forms of knowledge. The paper discusses what marginalization of IK mean, examines the challenges of integrating IK in the mainstream of other forms of knowledges and sug-gests agenda for IK development. The suggested agenda focuses on mapping and auditing IK capacity in Africa, legal and ethical issues, IK management, IK education and training, integration of IK and KM, IK brain drain. The paper recommends that information on IK be widely shared for evaluation, use and further devel-opment.
Tecnologías de la Información, ¿motor de participación o de dominación?
Authors: Gutiérrez Enrique Javier Díez
Published: June 2021

In recent years, discourses about the democratising potential of the Internet and social networks have proliferated. The theoretical spectrum in which these discourses are located range from the consideration of the Internet and social networks as a complement to the procedures and techniques used by representative democracy (as a "digital democracy"), to their potential to generate new forms of citizenship as part of a move towards a new direct and participatory democracy of a horizontal nature. The analysis described here explores the extent to which the Internet and social networks are changing the relationship between governments and citizens, and whether they do in fact constitute another means of constructing citizenship and democratic political participation, through social mobilisation, moving towards a sense of strong, direct democracy and even the possibility of participatory self-government.
Occupy the Heterotopia
Authors: Anderson James , Bharthapudi Kiran , Cao Hao
Published: June 2021

In this essay, Foucault's concept “of other spaces” – or, heterotopia – is used to examine the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) movement in the context of systemic crisis. Neoliberalism is marked by innovations that amplify and accelerate contradictions, unfolding the false utopia of finance capitalism. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) helped hyper-financialize the economy, enrich banksters and extend inequalities. Conversely, high-tech developments allow for decentralized decision-making and more direct democracy, paralleling the ethics of OWS. New ICTs compress TimeSpace, opening doors for empathic connections, generating conditions for elevation of collective superstructural consciousness. This paper explores how these conditions create – and are recreated by – heterotopic spaces. Drawing on Foucault's method of heterotopology we throw light on the potential of OWS to prefigure another world, analyzing endeavors to promote cooperative autonomy, and raise consciousness in and through mediated environments, always contested, ever in flux, and inevitably over-(but never pre-)determined.
Netactivismo en las protestas y procesos de cambio social. Caso de estudio: alzamiento popular en Oaxaca, México
Authors: Gravante Tommaso
Published: June 2021

In this paper we propose an analysis of net-activism practices, and how they influence the cultural change process of protestors in the citizen riot of Oaxaca (Mexico) in 2006. The approach adopted in the research is “bottom-up”, hence just analyzing the movement itself. This aspect is both methodological and theoretical. In the analysis of the net-activism’s practice, we focus on the emotive dimension of protestors. The analysis of the emotive components allow us to explicate the initial motivations of collective actions, and how new media are linked with citizen empowerment.
An Integral Perspective of Social Action: Imagining, Assessing, Choosing (Onto-epistemology of Networks)
Authors: Zimmermann Rainer E
Published: June 2021

Starting from a formal and abstract perspective, the concept of networks is introduced with a view to possible connections to other fields of the sciences and to practical applications. The structural hierarchy of forms is identified expressing the conceptual organization of our observable world. In the case of social networks, it can be shown that they exhibit a characteristic type of self-reference, a result of their special relationship to the conditions of the human modes of cognition and communication. As to a possible derivation of strategic attitudes, it can be shown that a re-vitalization of the ancient concept of kalokagathía could turn out to be helpful in tackling present everyday problems. Hence, choosing the perspective of an explicit network paradigm entails a new reconciliation of aesthetics and ethics, respectively, including multifarious implications for a suitable foundation of praxis within pertinent crisis management.
The Digital Battlefield: Controlling the Technology of Revolution
Authors: Sutherlin Gwyneth
Published: June 2021

Recent conflicts and revolutions have foregrounded a new battlefield where information and communication technology (ICT) will play a crucial role. The producers of ICT frequently use it as a tool for defining and implementing strategies aimed at achieving stability and democracy. While the traditional battlefields remain in upheaval, manoeuvres on the digital terrain do not progress in parallel. This paper will examine the foreign policy implications of the pervasive cultural bias of the ICTs connected to revolution and stabilization efforts describing how this bias shifts power away from the populations using the technology and toward the actors controlling the programs and codes. The ICTs deployed for conflict management and democratization are plagued by cultural bias which disenfranchises users, thereby diminishing the technology’s potential for use in participatory actions by removing authorship and contributing to information gatekeeping by the creators of the technology which tend to be European or American.
Controversy and Charity: The Disembodiment of Religion in Cyberspace
Authors: Kenway Ian M
Published: June 2021

government, itself, is very dynamic, changing rapidly over time. Trust in content or a system available one
The Internet as an Ethical Challenge for Religions
Authors: Udeani Chibueze C , Capurro Rafael , Frühbauer Johannes J
Published: June 2021

(using ICT to improve access to government information), 2) interact (broadening participation in
Reputation in the Cyberworld
Authors: Eldred Michael
Published: June 2021

The article explores the socio-ontological foundations of the phenomenon of reputation in the context of today’s ever-encroaching cyberworld. The categories of whoness and value are essential for understanding reputation ontologically. The cyberworld itself has only become historically possible through the Cartesian mathematical cast of being and its digital refinement in the Universal Turing Machine. From one perspective, the cyberworld is an endless concatenation of Turing machines. It is, however, also a matrix in which bit-strings circulate that have a decisive impact on who anybody is held to be by others, i.e. on their reputation. The game of striving to be esteemed as who you are thus assumes a new complexion in the digital era.
The Automated Production of Reputation: Musing on bots and the future of reputation in the cyberworld
Authors: De Paoli Stefano
Published: June 2021

Reputation is considered as the summary of a person's relevant past actions in the context of a specific community and is a concept which has gained huge relevance in the cyberworld as a way of building trust. Increasingly, however, reputation is awarded to users after they have carried out repetitive, mechanical or trivial actions. This opens the space to a phenomenon which we can define as the automated production of reputation: reputation produced by the means of software technologies known as bots that can easily automate repetitive online actions. In this paper the phenomenon of automated production of reputation is preliminarily defined and presented using three different empirical examples: Massively Multiplayer Online Games, the social network twitter and the reputational hub Klout. The paper also discusses some of the foreseeable negative consequences of the automated production of reputation and in particular the risks related to the loss of trust in online communities.
Do online privacy policies and seals affect corporate trustworthiness and reputation?
Authors: Orito Yohko , Murata Kiyoshi , Fukuta Yasunori
Published: June 2021

In this study, we attempt to examine the effectiveness of online privacy policies and privacy seals/security icons on corporate trustworthiness and reputation management, and to clarify how young Japanese people evaluate the trustworthiness of B to C e-business sites in terms of personal information handling. The survey results indicate that posting online privacy policies and/or privacy seals/security icons by B to C e-businesses does not work for creating trust in business organisations by consumers actively. Instead, existing good name recognition and/or general reputation can engender trust and, increasingly, better their reputation in terms of personal information use and protection.
Ethical subjectification and search engines: ethics reconsidered
Authors: Blanke Tobias
Published: June 2021

This article will explore the relation of search engines to the freedom they invoke in human subjects. Away from questions about the social impact of search engines and their ethical use, it shall investigate the influence of search engines on ethical subjectifications. The article will criticise the common critique that search engines should only deliver neutral and objective results to their users, where ‘neutral’ and ‘objective’ are defined as anti-subjective. On the contrary, it will argue that search engines are designed to deliver subjective results. A possible ethical critique starts therefore where they fail to do so. Due to reasons immanent to the technology, search engines are never subjective enough in their relevance decisions. Their results collide at the same time with what their users expect them to deliver. The article will show that, far from being a disadvantage, this disagreement between the users’ expectations and the search engines results is what triggers an ethical subjectification.
Search Engines, Personal Information and the Problem of Privacy in Public
Authors: Tavani Herman T
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show how certain uses of search-engine technology raise concerns for personal privacy. In particular, we examine some privacy implications involving the use of search engines to acquire information about persons. We consider both a hypothetical scenario and an actual case in which one or more search engines are used to find information about an individual. In analyzing these two cases, we note that both illustrate an existing problem that has been exacerbated by the use of search engines and the Internet – viz., the problem of articulating key distinctions involving the public vs. private aspects of personal information. We then draw a distinction between “public personal information” (or PPI) and “nonpublic personal information” (or NPI) to see how this scheme can be applied to a problem of protecting some forms of personal information that are now easily manipulated by computers and search engines – a concern that, following Helen Nissenbaum (1998, 2004), we describe as the problem of privacy in public.
Readings in Virtual Research Ethics. Issues and Controversies.
Authors: Frühbauer Johannes J
Published: June 2021

This paper shall give a review of Elizabeth A. Buchanan (Ed.): Readings in Virtual Research Ethics. Issues and Controversies. Information Science Pub. , 2003. 350 pages Broschur. 69,00 €
Teaching Information Ethics in Higher Education: A Crash Course in Academic Labour
Authors: Samek Toni
Published: June 2021

This article builds on several prior informal publications that delve into my experiences teaching a course on intellectual freedom and social responsibility in librarianship in the context of the North American library and information studies curriculum. Here, I extend those discussions into a deeper exploration of the academic labour that frames conditions for teaching information ethics. While the intellectual freedom and social responsibility in librarianship subject matter represents only one narrow slice of the bigger information ethics pie, the actual teaching of it sheds light on more universal instructor immersion in contestations over internationalization of higher education, the contingent worker model, the meaning of global citizenship education and research, and academic freedom in the 21st century. This focused lens takes in how the working conditions of faculty are the learning conditions of students, as well as how some of the ill practices explored in information ethics (e.g., censorship) can also be apparent in the institutions in which it is taught. Thus, this article recognizes the political context of information ethics within the academy, a place undergoing redefinition in academic visions and plans designed to push faculty, staff and students harder in global competitions for university rankings.
Teaching Information Ethics
Authors: Alvarez Miguel Angel Pérez
Published: June 2021

The emergence of social networking is closely related with the new technologies improving user interface experience thus making the interaction between users more natural and intuitive. Before, the first online communities of interest were user lists and asynchronous discussion groups resembling more the form of mass mailings than informal discussions in a cafe or in a classroom. The impact of web 2.0 on scientific practices has become evident in establishing more and more epistemic communities as virtual communities and vice versa. With respect to the role of the paradigm in the constitution and operations of an epistemic community, the framework of values and the ethical reflection of that become its own form of binding and guiding principle of the theoretical action. Thus any individual who joins an online community with the ambition of an epistemic effect must develop the morals and ethics necessary to enable him/her to understand the relevant forms of their theoretical practice.
Reflections On 2011 ANIE Activities Towards Teaching Information Ethics in Africa
Authors: Bester Coetzee
Published: June 2021

This short report on the 2011 ANIE activities towards Teaching Information Ethics in Africa reflects the work that has been done by many dedicated academics and officials.
The Ethics of Big Data in Higher Education
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey Alan
Published: June 2021

Data mining and predictive analytics—collectively referred to as “big data”—are increasingly used in higher education to classify students and predict student behavior. But while the potential benefits of such techniques are significant, realizing them presents a range of ethical and social challenges. The immediate challenge considers the extent to which data mining’s outcomes are themselves ethical with respect to both individuals and institutions. A deep challenge, not readily apparent to institutional researchers or administrators, considers the implications of uncritical understanding of the scientific basis of data mining. These challenges can be met by understanding data mining as part of a value-laden nexus of problems, models, and interventions; by protecting the contextual integrity of information flows; and by ensuring both the scientific and normative validity of data mining applications.
Constructing AI: Examining how AI is shaped by data, models and people
Authors: Ingram Katrina
Published: June 2021

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology that is quickly becoming part of our digital infrastructure and woven into aspects of daily life. AI has the potential to impact society in many positive ways. However, there are numerous examples of AI systems that are operating in ways that are harmful, unjust and discriminatory. AI systems are constructs of the choices made in their design. They exist within a socio-cultural context that reflects the data used in their training, the design of their mathematical models and the values of their creators. If we want to build AI systems that benefit society, we need to change how we construct AI.
Children's Rights by Design in AI Development for Education
Authors: Henriques Isabella , Hartung Pedro
Published: June 2021

The present article proposes that all AI that directly or indirectly impacts children, also in the educational processes, must always take children’s rights and interests always first. It highlights the legal duty to respect, protect and their rights by States and private actors, like tech-companies, in the design, developing and provision of any AI technology, product or service. In this sense, proposes that the Children's Rights by Design (CRbD) standard should be always applied by States and corporations.
The Information Gap, the Digital Divide, and the Obligations of Affluent
Authors: Himma Kenneth Einar
Published: June 2021

In this essay, I would like to do three things. First, I would like to provide a broad and brief overview of the effects of absolute poverty in creating an information gap and a digital divide and the effects of these gaps in perpetuating absolute poverty. Second, I would like to show that ordinary case intuitions, normative ethical theories, and theological considerations converge in entailing a moral obligation to help those in poverty. Third, I would like to argue, all too briefly, that although this surely involves making donations of both cash and food - free of the sorts of conditions that are frequently imposed by organizations like the IMF and World Bank - it also involves donations of a sort that are specifically targeted to close the information and digital divides.
Business Intelligence and Ambient Intelligence - Some thoughts on the main trends of business information processing, their opportunities, problems and limitations.
Authors: Siemoneit Oliver
Published: June 2021

dimensions, and system dimensions. Of course, these dimensions must be considered within the context of
Cultural Centrisms and Intercultural Polylogues in Philosophy
Authors: Wimmer Franz Martin
Published: June 2021

A "dilemma of culturality" for philosophy, tending to universality, is given with the fact that there is not one
Locating ‘Agency’ Within Ubiquitous Computing Systems
Authors: Swift Adam
Published: June 2021

interest disclosure (whistleblowing) also need to be distinguished from each other.
Ambient Persuasion for the Good Society
Authors: Hofkirchner Wolfgang , Tscheligi Manfred , Bichler Robert , Reitberger Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

of government’s effect of their human dignity? Examinations of trust and distrust by individuals within
THE WOMEN’S NAME “SÂRA” WITH ABBAS MAHMOUD AL-AQQAD’S PRESENTATION
Authors: ÇELENLİOĞLU Asiye
Published: June 2021

Modern Mısır edebiyatının doğuşu sırasında biçim ve içerik bakımından farklılaşan nesir, tercüme eserlerin konu ve formundan etkilenirken, edebi nakdin oluşmasında önemli isimlerden biri olan Abbâs Mahmûd el-Akkâd’ın (1889-1964) Sârâ
(1938) adlı eseri ilk psikanalitik roman olarak kabul edilir. Çeviri romanların içeriğindeki salt aşk macerasından uzak olarak aşkın felsefî temasına odaklan bu esere benzer şekilde, ilk Arap romanı olarak literatüre geçen Zeynep’in
(1912) kadın konusuna odaklanıp evlilik sorunsalı etrafında kurgulanması Ortadoğu toplumlarına hâkim olan bakış açısındaki yanılgıya işaret etmektedir. Romanın içeriğinde yer alan gülmece, ciddiyet ve her biri inceleme konusu olabilecek
olguların uyumlu bir şekilde harmanlanışı Mısır edebiyatının kendi karakteriyle vücut bulmaya çalıştığı ve dilin yeni mefhumları ifadeye hazırlandığı dönemde son derece başarılı örnektir. Söz konusu çalışma eseri biçim ve içerik
bakımından inceleyerek Akkâd’ın gözüyle kadın ve aşk mefhumuna odaklanacaktır.
AN ONTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POEM “MERDİVEN” BY AHMET HAŞİM
Authors: EKİNCİ Muzaffer
Published: June 2021

Roman Ingarden tarafından geliştirilen “Ontolojik Analiz Metodu” sanat eserlerinin estetik bir tavırla incelemenin yanı sıra eserde görülenin arkasında görünmeyeni bulmaya ve açıklanmaya çalışılır. Bu yöntemde öncelikle birbirinden
farklı fakat birbiriyle ilişkili yüzey ve derin yapı incelenme konusu yapılarak eserin daha iyi anlaşılması sağlanmaktadır. Yüzey yapıda şiirin dış yapı, dil, üslup ve ahenk unsurları ile şiirin içyapısı incelenir. Derin yapıda
ise eser, anlam tabakası, obje-nesne tabakası, karakter tabakası, kader tabakası olmak üzere dört temel kategoride incelenerek şiirin daha iyi anlaşılması sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk edebiyatında özgün bir yeri olan Ahmet
Haşim’in ünlü “Merdiven” şiiri ontolojik analiz metoduyla çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
EXAMPLE ANALYSIS METHOD REGARDING J. F. MAZAS OP.36 "ETUDES SPECIALES" METHOD (EXAMPLE OF ETUDE NO. 27)
Authors: SİVRİ ÖZKARADİĞİN Begüm , ALBUZ Aytekin
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırma; mesleki müzik eğitimi veren kurumlarda viyola eğitimi için sıklıkla kullanılan J. F. Mazas’ın op.36 “Etudes Speciales” adlı metodun armonik, form ve teknik yönden örnek bir analiz yaklaşımını amaçlayan bir çalışma olup;
27 numaralı etüdün incelenmesi ile sınırlıdır. Durum tespitine dayalı betimsel bir araştırma olan çalışmada; eserin 115 ölçüden oluştuğu, re minör tonda, andante hızında ve 4/4’lük olduğu, sağ el teknikleri bakımından legato, détaché
(detaşe), bağlı staccato (stakato), portato, çift ses, pizzicato, arco, aksan, crescendo, decrescendo, gibi teknikleri kapsadığı, sol el teknikleri bakımından ise I-II-III-V geçişli pozisyonların kullanıldığı, çift ses, trill,
çarpma, süsleme, flageolet (flajöle), mordan gibi süsleme ve diğer bazı teknikleri kapsadığı anlaşılmıştır. Etüt form açısından ABA formunda, üç bölümlü şarkı biçiminde yazılmış, armonik olarak ise re minör tonunda giriş yaparak
fa majör tonunda varış köprüsü şeklinde ilerleyip sib majör tonunda olan B bölümüne başlangıç yapmıştır. B bölümünden tekrar A bölümüne hazırlık amacıyla 14 ölçülük bir dönüş köprüsünün la majörde kalıp tekrar re minör tonunda
A bölümü başlamış ardından 11 ölçülük bir codetta ile eser sonlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmanın diğer metotlarda yer alan etüt analizlerine de ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.
ISSUE of MINIMUM LIVING ALLOWANCE in MINIMUM WAGE RATE
Authors: BOSNALI Ömer
Published: June 2021

Piyasada oluşan en düşük seviyedeki ücretlere müdahale imkanı veren asgari ücret uygulaması mühim bir toplumsal politika aracı olarak hem işçiler, hem de işverenler bakımından önem taşır. Asgari ücretin, işçi ve ailesi için günün sosyo-
ekonomik şartları bakımından insan haysiyetine uygun bir geçim düzeyini sağlayacak bir seviyede olması gerekir. Asgari geçim indirimi, modern vergi yaklaşımında ödeme gücü ilkesi çerçevesinde bütün gelir grupları itibariyle kişinin,
ailesiyle beraber hayatını asgari seviyede idame ettirebilecek gelirinin verginin konusu olmaması anlamını taşır. Asgari ücret asgari geçim indiriminin esasını teşkil eden, toplumsal ücret olması yönüyle işçilerin aileleriyle birlikte
geçimlerini asgari seviyede temin edecek gelir olarak değerlendirilmekte ve miktarı böylece tespit edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, asgari ücretin işçi konfederasyonlarının yaklaşımları doğrultusunda tip işçi ailesi esas alınarak belirlenmesi
gerektiği, fakat ücretlerin vergilendirilmesinde asgari geçim indirimi tutarlarının belirlenmesinde ailelerin sosyolojik ve demografik yapıları gözetilerek daha kalabalık nüfuslu aileler için oluşabilecek dezavantajın bertaraf
edilerek baştan göz ardı edilen adaletsizliğin belli bir ölçüde giderilebileceği değerlendirilmiştir.
Comparison of Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Kalimantan Data
Authors: Dinata Syalam Ali Wira , Azka Muhammad , Hasanah Primadina , Suhartono Suhartono , Gamal Moh Danil Hendry
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates a case study on short term forecasting for East  Kalimantan, with emphasis on special days, such as public holidays. A time series of load demand electricity  recorded at hourly intervals contains more than one seasonal pattern.  There is a great attraction in using a modelling time series method that is able to capture triple seasonalities.  The Triple SARIMA model has been adapted for this purpose and competitive for modelling load.  Using the least squares method to estimate the coefficients in a triple SARIMA model, followed by model building, model assumptions  and comparing model criteria, we propose and demonstration  the triple Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model  with AIC 290631.9 and SBC 290674.2 as the best model for this study. The Triple seasonal ARIMA is one of the alternative strategy to propose accurate forecasts of  electricity load Kalimantan data for planning, operation  maintenance and  market related activities.