bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum copper levels and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Muñoz-Bravo Carlos , Soler-Iborte Eva , Lozano-Lorca Macarena , Kouiti Malak , González-Palacios Torres Carla , Barrios-Rodríguez Rocío , Jiménez-Moleón José Juan
Published: June 2023

Background

Despite the fact that several studies have investigated the association between serum copper levels (S-Cu) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, this relationship remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between S-Cu and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including total stroke, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality, and identify potential sources of results heterogeneity.

Methods

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis. The selection criteria were: (1) Observational studies (cohort studies, case-control studies and hybrid studies); (2) Studies containing quantitative data about the relationship between S-Cu and risk of MACE; (3) Estimating association measures; and (4) Studies written in English, French or Spanish. Overall pooled Odds ratio (pOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of MACE for the highest vs. lowest S-Cu category were calculated using random-effects models.

Results

Sixteen studies with a total of 41,322 participants were included in the meta-analysis: 10 prospective cohort studies, 5 nested case-control studies and 1 case-control study. Comparing highest vs. lowest category, high S-Cu levels were associated with total stroke (pOR: 1.49, 95% CI 1.22–1.82; I2 = 0%, p = 0.54), myocardial infarction (pOR: 1.31, 95% CI 1.17–1.46; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.92) and cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 1.60, 95% CI 1.39–1.86; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.54). Subgroup analysis showed that studies with a hybrid design had higher risks for cardiovascular mortality (pOR: 3.42, 95% CI 1.98–5.92) and ischemic stroke (pOR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.30–1.83).

Conclusion

High S-Cu levels were associated with an increased risk of total stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Hybrid studies seems to modify the strength of the association between S-Cu and the risk of cardiovascular mortality and ischemic stroke.

Systematic review registration

[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022370782], identifier [CRD42022370782].
Moderators and mediators of change of an internet-based mindfulness intervention for college students: secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Küchler Ann-Marie , Kählke Fanny , Bantleon Leandra , Terhorst Yannik , Ebert David Daniel , Baumeister Harald
Published: June 2023

Background

Existing evidence suggests internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) improve depressive symptoms in college students effectively. However, there is far less knowledge about the potential mechanisms of change of mindfulness-based IMIs, which could contribute to optimizing target groups and interventions. Hence, within this secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), potential moderators and mediators of the effectiveness of the IMI StudiCare Mindfulness were investigated.

Methods

Moderation and mediation analyses were based on secondary data from a RCT that examined the effectiveness of the 7-module IMI StudiCare Mindfulness in a sample of college students (intervention group: n = 217; waitlist control group: n = 127). Assessments were collected before (t0; baseline), 4 weeks after (t1; during intervention), and 8 weeks after (t2; post-intervention) randomization. Longitudinal mediation analyses using structural equation modeling were employed, with depressive symptom severity as the dependent variable. For moderation analyses, bilinear interaction models were calculated with depressive symptom severity and mindfulness at t2 as dependent variables. All data-analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis.

Results

Mediation analyses showed a significant, full mediation of the intervention effect on depressive symptom severity through mindfulness (indirect effect, a*b = 0.153, p < 0.01). Only the number of semesters (interaction: β = 0.24, p = 0.035) was found to moderate the intervention's effectiveness on depressive symptom severity at t2, and only baseline mindfulness (interaction: β = −0.20, p = 0.047) and baseline self-efficacy (interaction: β = −0.27, p = 0.012) were found to be significant moderators of the intervention effect on mindfulness at t2.

Conclusion

Our results suggest a mediating role of mindfulness. Moderation analyses demonstrated that the intervention improved depressive symptom severity and mindfulness independent of most examined baseline characteristics. Future confirmatory trials will need to support these findings.

Clinical Trial Registration

The trial was registered a priori at the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform via the German Clinical Studies Trial Register (TRN: DRKS00014774; registration date: 18 May 2018).
Current status and influential factors associated with adherence to self-monitoring of blood glucose with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in grassroots communities: a cross-sectional survey based on information-motivation-behavior skills model in China
Authors: Lin Manxin , Chen Tingting , Fan Guanhua
Published: June 2023

Objective

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) plays a vital role in the maintenance of blood glucose with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and pre-diabetes patients. The study was intended to describe the current status of SMBG with T2DM and pre-diabetes patients in grassroots communities, explore the relationship between SMBG frequency and blood glucose level and apply information-motivation-behavior(IMB) model to analyze the potential influencing factors of SMBG compliance based on electronic questionnaires.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1388 T2DM and pre-diabetes patients who completed electronic questionnaires composed of demographics and IMB model content. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test and multivariable logistic regression model analysis were utilized to explore deeply causes of SMBG compliance.

Results

The results of this study showed that among 1388 T2DM patients, only 26.2% (363/1388) patients reached SMBG standard, indicating low compliance with SMBG. Given that SMBG is one of the individual predictors of type 2 risk in prediabetes patients, this result suggests that the SMBG compliance rate needs to be improved. Patients with fixed occupation (OR=1.989, P=0.035), BMI in normal range (OR=1.336, P=0.049), smoking habit(OR=1.492, P=0.019), understanding SMBG frequency (OR=1.825, P<0.001), understanding control goal of blood glucose (OR=1.414, P<0.001), knowing all the functions of the blood glucose meter (OR=1.923, P<0.001), buying a blood glucose meter/test paper conveniently(OR=2.329, P=0.047), taking supplementary measurement when forgetting blood glucose test(OR=2.044, P=0.005), rotating all the fingers when measuring blood glucose (OR=1.616, P<0.001) and less pain at the needling site(OR=2.114, P<0.001)were independently promoting factors of adherence to SMBG. However, the lack of accessibility and convenience of blood glucose meter or heavy financial burden were blocking factors of adherence to SMBG. Moreover, there were still bottlenecks such as lack of health care knowledge and needle pricking pain.

Conclusion

This study verified the practicability of applying IMB model to SMBG with T2DM and pre-diabetes patients. Adherence to SMBG still remained to improved, and putting more emphasis in improvement of individual information, motivation and behavioral skills with patients might be beneficial to maintain better adherence to SMBG in long-term routine of diabetes self-management.
Molecular insights into mineralotropic hormone inter-regulation
Authors: Pike J. Wesley , Lee Seong Min , Meyer Mark B.
Published: June 2023

The regulation of mineral homeostasis involves the three mineralotropic hormones PTH, FGF23 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). Early research efforts focused on PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 and more recently on FGF23 have revealed that each of these hormones regulates the expression of the other two. Despite early suggestions of transcriptional processes, it has been only recently that research effort have begun to delineate the genomic mechanisms underpinning this regulation for 1,25(OH)2D3 and FGF23; the regulation of PTH by 1,25(OH)2D3, however, remains obscure. We review here our molecular understanding of how PTH induces Cyp27b1 expression, the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3. FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3, on the other hand, function by suppressing production of 1,25(OH)2D3. PTH stimulates the PKA-induced recruitment of CREB and its coactivator CBP at CREB occupied sites within the kidney-specific regulatory regions of Cyp27b1. PKA activation also promotes the nuclear translocation of SIK bound coactivators such as CRTC2, where it similarly interacts with CREB occupied Cyp27b1 sites. The negative actions of both FGF23 and 1,25(OH)2D3 appear to suppress Cyp27b1 expression by opposing the recruitment of CREB coactivators at this gene. Reciprocal gene actions are seen at Cyp24a1, the gene encoding the enzyme that degrades 1,25(OH)2D3, thereby contributing to the overall regulation of blood levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. Relative to PTH regulation, we summarize what is known of how 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates PTH suppression. These studies suggest that it is not 1,25(OH)2D3 that controls PTH levels in healthy subjects, but rather calcium itself. Finally, we describe current progress using an in vivo approach that furthers our understanding of the regulation of Fgf23 expression by PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3 and provide the first evidence that P may act to induce Fgf23 expression via a complex transcriptional mechanism in bone. It is clear, however, that additional advances will need to be made to further our understanding of the inter-regulation of each of these hormonal genes.
Progress of carbon sequestration in urban green space based on bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Huan , Feng Yilong , Ai Lijiao
Published: June 2023

To understand the development progress and relevant Frontier research of urban green space carbon sequestration, based on the core databases such as Web of Science, CiteSpace software, and bibliometric analysis methods were used to analyze the research status. The results showed that the number of papers on urban green space carbon sequestration research was on the rise. China and the United States had closer cooperation from the perspective of international cooperation institutions. Peking University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the US Forest Service made the greatest contributions to this research field. Analyzing the keywords and the literature co-citation map, it was inferred that the hot keywords of future urban green space carbon sequestration research include carbon sequestration, ecosystem services, and climate change. It was found that carbon sequestration of urban green space ecosystems research primarily focuses on the correlation between urban green space and ecosystem services, and UGS carbon sequestration accounting and urban green space management. Finally, two perspectives were proposed: 1) Urban green spaces diversified ecological benefits are achieved through the function of carbon sequestration, and 2) Urban green space carbon sequestration accounting and urban green space management promote the development of urban green space. An overview of the international progress and basic state of urban green spaces and carbon sequestration theme research is presented in this paper, Additionally, it provides valuable references for future research and helps gain a comprehensive understanding of this field of research.
Cord blood-derived CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells: an off-the-shelf promising therapeutic option for treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Luo Cancan , Zhang Huihui , Tan Yi , Yu Li
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is one of the most significant breakthroughs in hematological malignancies. However, a three-week manufacturing cycle and ineffective T cell dysfunction in some patients hinder the widespread application of auto-CAR T cell therapy. Studies suggest that cord blood (CB), with its unique biological properties, could be an optimal source for CAR T cells, providing a product with ‘off-the-shelf’ availability. Therefore, exploring the potential of CB as an immunotherapeutic agent is essential for understanding and promoting the further use of CAR T cell therapy.

Experimental design

We used CB to generate CB-derived CD19-targeting CAR T (CB CD19-CAR T) cells. We assessed the anti-tumor capacity of CB CD19-CAR T cells to kill diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in vitro and in vivo.

Results

CB CD19-CAR T cells showed the target-specific killing of CD19+ T cell lymphoma cell line BV173 and CD19+ DLBCL cell line SUDHL-4, activated various effector functions, and inhibited tumor progression in a mouse (BALB/c nude) model. However, some exhaustion-associated genes were involved in off-tumor cytotoxicity towards activated lymphocytes. Gene expression profiles confirmed increased chemokines/chemokine receptors and exhaustion genes in CB CD19-CAR T cells upon tumor stimulation compared to CB T cells. They indicated inherent changes in the associated signaling pathways in the constructed CB CAR T cells and targeted tumor processes.

Conclusion

CB CD19-CAR T cells represent a promising therapeutic strategy for treating DLBCL. The unique biological properties and high availability of CB CD19-CAR T cells make this approach feasible.
Locally advanced rectal cancer with dMMR/MSI-H may be excused from surgery after neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 monotherapy: a multiple-center, cohort study
Authors: Yang Renfang , Wu Tao , Yu Jiehai , Cai Xinyi , Li Guoyu , Li Xiangshu , Huang Weixin , Zhang Ya , Wang Yuqin , Yang Xudong , Ren Yongping , Hu Ruixi , Feng Qing , Ding Peirong , Zhang Xuan , Li Yunfeng
Published: June 2023

Objective

Examine patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy (nIT), and compare the outcomes of those who chose a watch-and-wait (WW) approach after achieving clinical complete response (cCR) or near-cCR with those who underwent surgery and were confirmed as pathological complete response (pCR).

Methods

LARC patients with dMMR/MSI-H who received nIT were retrospectively examined. The endpoints were 2-year overall survival (OS), 2-year disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence (LR), and distant metastasis (DM). The efficacy of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), surgery-related adverse events (srAEs), and enterostomy were also recorded.

Results

Twenty patients who received a PD-1 inhibitor as initial nIT were examined. Eighteen patients (90%) achieved complete response (CR) after a median of 7 nIT cycles, including 11 with pCR after surgery (pCR group), and 7 chose a WW strategy after evaluation as cCR or near-cCR (WW group). Both groups had median follow-up times of 25.0 months. Neither group had a case of LR or DM, and the 2-year DFS and OS in each group was 100%. The two groups had similar incidences of irAEs (P=0.627). In the pCR group, however, 2 patients (18.2%) had permanent colostomy, 3 (27.3%) had temporary ileostomy, and 2 (18.2%) had srAEs.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade had high efficacy and led to a high rate of CR in LARC patients with dMMR/MSI-H. A WW strategy appears to be a safe and reliable option for these patients who achieve cCR or near-cCR after nIT.
Gut and urinary microbiota: the causes and potential treatment measures of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jian-wei , Wan Shun , Li Kun-peng , Chen Si-Yu , Yang Li
Published: June 2023

Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of various cancers. Recent research on the urinary microbiota challenges the long-standing belief that urine is sterile, as urinary microbiota has been implicated in the development of bladder and prostate cancers, similar to the role of gut microbiota in cancer development. Although the precise involvement of microbiota in the proliferation and differentiation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear, dysbiosis is considered one possible mechanism by which microbiota may contribute to RCC development and treatment. This review summarizes potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota may contribute to the development of RCC, and provides evidence for the involvement of urinary microbiota in RCC. We also explore the role of gut microbiota in RCC treatment and propose that the composition of gut microbiota could serve as a predictive marker for the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in RCC patients. Additionally, evidence suggests that modulating the abundance and distribution of microbiota can enhance the therapeutic effects of drugs, suggesting that microbiota may serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for RCC. Overall, we believe that further investigation into the gut and urinary microbiome of RCC patients could yield valuable insights and strategies for the prevention and personalized treatment of RCC.
Impaired function of dendritic cells within the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Xiao Zhihua , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Xuyan , Yang Haikui , Dong Jiamei , He Xin , Yang Yang , Guo Jiahao , Cui Jiawen , Zhou Zhiling
Published: June 2023

Dendritic cells (DCs), a class of professional antigen-presenting cells, are considered key factors in the initiation and maintenance of anti-tumor immunity due to their powerful ability to present antigen and stimulate T-cell responses. The important role of DCs in controlling tumor growth and mediating potent anti-tumor immunity has been demonstrated in various cancer models. Accordingly, the infiltration of stimulatory DCs positively correlates with the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in a variety of solid tumors. However, accumulating evidence indicates that DCs exhibit a significantly dysfunctional state, ultimately leading to an impaired anti-tumor immune response due to the effects of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring immunotherapeutic strategies to better control tumors by restoring or enhancing the activity of DCs in tumors, such as the popular DC-based vaccines. In this review, an overview of the role of DCs in controlling tumor progression is provided, followed by a summary of the current advances in understanding the mechanisms by which the TME affects the normal function of DCs, and concluding with a brief discussion of current strategies for DC-based tumor immunotherapy.
Dissolved organic carbon dynamics and fluxes in Mississippi-Atchafalaya deltaic system impacted by an extreme flood event and hurricanes: a multi-satellite approach using Sentinel-2/3 and Landsat-8/9 data
Authors: Liu Bingqing , D’Sa Eurico J. , Messina Francesca , Baustian Melissa M. , Maiti Kanchan , Rivera-Monroy Victor H. , Huang Wei , Georgiou Ioannis Y.
Published: June 2023

Transport of riverine and wetland-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) spanning tidal wetlands, estuaries, and continental shelf waters functionally connects terrestrial and aquatic carbon reservoirs, yet the magnitude and ecological significance of this variable and its spatiotemporal linkage remains uncertain for coastal deltaic regions, such as Mississippi River Delta Plain, which includes Mississippi (MR) and Atchafalaya (AR) rivers and estuaries with vast expanses of wetlands and coastal forests. We examined DOC dynamics and fluxes in this large river-dominated wetland-estuarine system for the period between 2019 and 2021 that included an extreme river flood event in 2019, two major hurricanes (Barry in 2019 and Ida in 2021), and cold front passage using an improved adaptive quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA-AD) applied to multi-satellite sensors (Sentinel 3A/B OLCI, Landsat-8/OLI and Sentinel-2A/B MSI) with varying spectral and spatial (10/30/300 m) resolutions. The DOC estimates from multi-satellite sensors in combination with water fluxes were used to assess DOC fluxes from two large rivers (MR and AR) and small channels across the delta plain. Overall, this system delivered a total of 6.7 Tg C yr-1(1 Tg = 1012g) into the estuarine zone and the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) during 2019. High DOC fluxes from the AR (1.3 Tg C yr-1) and MR (4.5 Tg C yr-1) were associated with the extreme flood event in 2019. Hurricanes that occurred in the study period also contributed to the wetland and estuarine DOC fluxes into continental shelf waters; for example, the passage of Hurricane Barry in July 2019, delivered over a 3-day period ~1.33 ×109g DOC from Barataria Basin into the nGoM. Sentinel 2-MSI land and water classification revealed that Hurricane Ida eroded a total of 1.34×108m2of marshes in middle Barataria Basin, converting those habitats into open water with 3.0 m inundation depth and high DOC concentrations (16.4 mg L-1), a potentially large DOC source to the coastal waters. Overall, storms and flood events are major sources of DOC flux that facilitate transport of upstream carbon as well as transformation of carbon in the wetlands, through the conversion of vegetated wetland to open water.
Understanding ecosystem services for climate change resilience in coastal environments: a case study of low-canopy sub-tidal seagrass beds in Fiji
Authors: Muna Lency Royce , Brodie Gilianne , Singh Awnesh , Hills Jeremy , Wandres Moritz , Damlamian Herve
Published: June 2023

The Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are exposed to extreme wave conditions which are projected to be exacerbated by rising sea levels due to climate change, prompting the need for strategic planning of coastal communities and assets. Nature-based protection has been proposed as a sustainable solution to promote the resilience of coastal areas from physical impacts such as wave-induced erosion. In this study, we investigate the potential coastal protection service of shallow sub-tidal low-canopy seagrass beds, dominated by Halodule uninervis, on the rate of wave height and wave energy reduction on a barrier and fringing reefs. The data was collected using bottom-mounted pressure sensors to measure wave height and energy reduction as waves moved toward the shoreline across the seagrass beds. The results show that on average, the seagrass beds were able to reduce wave height by 30% and energy by 47% in both reef environments. These reduction rates are strongly influenced by water depth, seagrass characteristics and local reef conditions. Based on these results, seagrasses can strengthen the resilience of coastal shorelines to wave erosion, thus conserving healthy low-canopy seagrass habitats has measurable benefits for shoreline protection in Fiji and other PICs.
On the use of antibiotics to control plant pathogenic bacteria: a genetic and genomic perspective
Authors: Verhaegen Marie , Bergot Thomas , Liebana Ernesto , Stancanelli Giuseppe , Streissl Franz , Mingeot-Leclercq Marie-Paule , Mahillon Jacques , Bragard Claude
Published: June 2023

Despite growing attention, antibiotics (such as streptomycin, oxytetracycline or kasugamycin) are still used worldwide for the control of major bacterial plant diseases. This raises concerns on their potential, yet unknown impact on antibiotic and multidrug resistances and the spread of their genetic determinants among bacterial pathogens. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified in plant pathogenic bacteria (PPB), with streptomycin resistance genes being the most commonly reported. Therefore, the contribution of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to their spread among PPB, as well as their ability to transfer to other bacteria, need to be further explored. The only well-documented example of ARGs vector in PPB, Tn5393 and its highly similar variants (carrying streptomycin resistance genes), is concerning because of its presence outside PPB, in Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae, two major human pathogens. Although its structure among PPB is still relatively simple, in human- and animal-associated bacteria, Tn5393 has evolved into complex associations with other MGEs and ARGs. This review sheds light on ARGs and MGEs associated with PPB, but also investigates the potential role of antibiotic use in resistance selection in plant-associated bacteria.
The changing landscape of nuclear medicine and a new era: the “NEW (Nu) CLEAR Medicine”: a framework for the future
Authors: Djekidel Mehdi
Published: June 2023

Nuclear Medicine is witnessing a revolution across a large spectrum of patient care applications, hardware, software and novel radiopharmaceuticals. We propose to offer a framework of the nuclear medicine practice of the future that incorporates multiple novelties and coined as the NEW (nu) Clear medicine. All these new developments offer a significant clarity and real clinical impact, and we need a concerted effort from all stakeholders in the field for bedside implementation and success.
Determination of short-chain fatty acids as putative biomarkers of cancer diseases by modern analytical strategies and tools: a review
Authors: Chalova Petra , Tazky Anton , Skultety Ludovit , Minichova Lenka , Chovanec Michal , Ciernikova Sona , Mikus Peter , Piestansky Juraj
Published: June 2023

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gastrointestinal tract. They can be seen as the major flow of carbon from the diet, through the microbiome to the host. SCFAs have been reported as important molecules responsible for the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, these molecules have a significant impact on the immune system and are able to affect inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type II, or oncological diseases. For this purpose, SCFAs could be used as putative biomarkers of various diseases, including cancer. A potential diagnostic value may be offered by analyzing SCFAs with the use of advanced analytical approaches such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), or capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). The presented review summarizes the importance of analyzing SCFAs from clinical and analytical perspective. Current advances in the analysis of SCFAs focused on sample pretreatment, separation strategy, and detection methods are highlighted. Additionally, it also shows potential areas for the development of future diagnostic tools in oncology and other varieties of diseases based on targeted metabolite profiling.
Discrepancies in breast cancer’s oncological outcomes between public and private institutions in the southeast region of Brazil: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Andrade Diocésio Alves Pinto , Veneziani Ana Carolina , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Reis Ricardo dos , Filho Carlos Alberto Fruet , Sanches André Octávio Nicolau , Barroso Alison Wagner Azevedo , Paz Alessandra Caroline Moretto Carbinatto , Kons Georgia Cristina de Mello , Preto Daniel D’Almeida , Budib Maria Carolina Bogoni , Safro Maria Augusta , Pinto Gustavo Sanches Faria , Bilibio João Paolo , Souza Cristiano de Pádua
Published: June 2023

Background

Brazil is a middle-income country with inequalities in its healthcare system. The disparities between public and private services affect the diagnosis and treatment of patients with breast cancer. The aim of this study is to assess whether disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are different in public and private specialized centers.

Patient and methods

A retrospective cohort study with 1,545 breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2003 to 2011 at Barretos Cancer Hospital—BCH (public group, N = 1,408) and InORP Oncoclinicas (private group, N = 137) was conducted. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to adjust the differences between the groups’ characteristics (n = 137 in each group).

Results

The median age at diagnosis was 54.4 years. Estimated DFS rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 96.0%, 71.8%, and 59.6%, respectively, at BCH and 97.8%, 86.9%, and 78%, respectively, at InORP (HR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–3.10; p < 0.0001). Estimated OS rates at 1, 5, and 10 years were 98.1%, 78.5%, and 65.4%, respectively, at BCH and 99.3%, 94.5%, and 91.9%, respectively, at InORP (HR: 3.84; 95% CI, 2.16–6.82; p < 0.0001). After adjustment by PSM, DFS and OS results in 1, 3, and 5 years remained worse in the public service compared to the private service.

Conclusion

Patients treated in a public center have worse DFS and OS after a follow-up period of more than 5 years. These results were corroborated after carrying out the PSM.
Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who followed rigorous measures during two years of the COVID-19 pandemic in a hospital in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Cázares Ana Carolina , Hernández-Ruíz Yodira Guadalupe , Martínez-Longoria César Adrián , Tamez-Gómez César Eduardo , Medina-Macías Obed , Treviño-Montalvo Roberto Guadalupe
Published: June 2023

Background

COVID-19 infections have been described as asymptomatic or mild, with a low incidence of severe cases in children and adolescents who followed the basic hygiene measures. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of our pediatric population during four waves of the COVID-19 pandemic from a private hospital.

Methods

A retrospective observational study in patients under 15 years old with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test from April 1, 2020 to April 30, 2022. Demographic, clinical, and therapy variables were examined, and the Chi-square test was used for comparisons.

Results

From 5,870 RT-PCR taken through the first two years of the pandemic, 1,371 tested positive, obtaining a positivity rate of 23.37%. Patients' median (IQR) age was 9.0 (7.0) years, and most were male (n = 705, 51.4%). The primary comorbidities were rhinitis (n = 239, 17.4%) and asthma (n = 172, 12.5%). Most cases were scholars (n = 568, 41.4%) during the fourth COVID-19 wave (n = 831, 60.6%). Almost all cases (88.2%) reported prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected households. Six percent (n = 82) of the patients reported being vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Most participants (89.3%) received outpatient care, and 0.6% required hospitalization. Nine (0.6%) patients were diagnosed with Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). The second COVID-19 wave reported a higher frequency of anosmia and dysgeusia; the third wave reported fever and malaise, and the fourth wave reported cough, odynophagia, and vomiting (p < 0.05). The second wave reported no treatment (n = 23, 15.3%), while the third and fourth waves reported outpatient care and hospitalization (n = 367, 95.1%; and n = 4, 1.0%, respectively) (p = <0.001). Reinfection cases were frequent during the second wave (n = 8, 5.3%) (p=<0.001). Rhinorrhea, vomiting, and diarrhea were reported mainly by infants; fever by preschoolers; abdominal pain by scholars; and headache, odynophagia, anosmia, dysgeusia, myalgia, arthralgia, and malaise by adolescents (p < 0.05). Neither treatment nor reinfection showed age-related differences (p = 0.496 and p = 0.224, respectively).

Conclusion

The study demonstrated a lower positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 in our hospital'The majority of cases in our study were outpatients who reported a mild infection with a favorable evolution based on symptomatic treatment.
Case report: VA-ECMO for fulminant myocarditis in an infant with acute COVID-19
Authors: Hsu Hao-Ting , Kuo Ni-Chun , Chen Po-Yen , Jan Sheng-Ling
Published: June 2023

Fulminant myocarditis in children was rare during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, but it had the potential for high morbidity and mortality. We describe the clinical course of a previously healthy 9-month-old young male infant who rapidly deteriorated into cardiogenic shock due to coronavirus disease 2019-related fulminant myocarditis. He developed severe heart failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome that were treated promptly with central venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous venovenous hemofiltration. He made a good recovery without significant morbidity.
Targeted delivery of silibinin via magnetic niosomal nanoparticles: potential application in treatment of colon cancer cells
Authors: Shafiei Golchin , Jafari-Gharabaghlou Davoud , Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid Mahdi , Alizadeh Effat , Fathi Marziyeh , Zarghami Nosratollah
Published: June 2023

Introduction: In recent years, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been discovered and synthesized for the targeted therapy of cancer cells. Targeted delivery increases the local concentration of therapeutics and minimizes side effects. Therefore, NPs-mediated targeted drug delivery systems have become a promising approach for the treatment of various cancers. As a result, in the current study, we aimed to design silibinin-loaded magnetic niosomes nanoparticles (MNNPs) and investigate their cytotoxicity property in colorectal cancer cell treatment.

Methods: MNPs ferrofluids were prepared and encapsulated into niosomes (NIOs) by the thin film hydration method. Afterward, the morphology, size, and chemical structure of the synthesized MNNPs were evaluated using the TEM, DLS, and FT-IR techniques, respectively.

Results and Discussion: The distribution number of MNNPs was obtained at about 50 nm and 70 nm with a surface charge of −19.0 mV by TEM and DLS analysis, respectively. Silibinin loading efficiency in NIOs was about 90%, and the drug release pattern showed a controlled release with a maximum amount of about 49% and 70%, within 4 h in pH = 7.4 and pH = 5.8, respectively. To investigate the cytotoxicity effect, HT-29 cells were treated with the various concentration of the drugs for 24 and 48 h and evaluated by the MTT as well as flow cytometry assays. Obtained results demonstrated promoted cell cytotoxicity of silibinin-loaded MNNPs (5-fold decrease in cell viability) compared to pure silibinin (3-fold decrease in cell viability) while had no significant cytotoxic effect on HEK-293 (normal cell line) cells, and the cellular uptake level of MNNPs by the HT-29 cell line was enhanced compared to the control group. In conclusion, silibinin-loaded MNNPs complex can be considered as an efficient treatment approach for colorectal cancer cells.
On-chip liquid sensing using mid-IR plasmonics
Authors: Hinkov B. , David M. , Strasser G. , Schwarz B. , Lendl B.
Published: June 2023

The investigation of molecules in the mid-IR spectral range has revolutionized our understanding in many fields such as atmospheric chemistry and environmental sensing for climate research or disease monitoring in medical diagnosis. While the mid-IR analysis of gas-samples is already a mature discipline, the spectroscopy of liquids is still in its infancy. However, it is a rapidly developing field of research, set to fundamentally change our knowledge of dynamical processes of molecules in liquid-phase. In this field, mid-IR plasmonics has emerged as breakthrough concept for miniaturization, enabling highly-sensitive and -selective liquid measurement tools. In this review, we give an overview over current trends and recent developments in the field of mid-IR spectroscopy of molecules in liquid phase. Special attention is given to plasmon-enhanced concepts that allow measurements in highly compact sensor schemes. Nowadays, they reach full monolithic integration, including laser, interaction section and detector on the same chip, demonstrating unprecedented operation in situ and real-time analysis of chemical processes.
Effective rheology of immiscible two-phase flow in porous media consisting of random mixtures of grains having two types of wetting properties
Authors: Fyhn Hursanay , Sinha Santanu , Hansen Alex
Published: June 2023

We consider the effective rheology of immiscible two-phase flow in porous media consisting of random mixtures of two types of grains having different wetting properties using a dynamic pore network model under steady-state flow conditions. Two immiscible fluids, denoted by “A” and “B”, flow through the pores between these two types of grains denoted by “+” and “−”. Fluid “A” is fully wetting, and “B” is fully non-wetting with respect to “+” grains, whereas it is the opposite with “−” grains. The direction of the capillary forces in the links between two “+” grains is, therefore, opposite compared to the direction in the links between two “−” grains, whereas the capillary forces in the links between two opposite types of grains average to zero. For a window of grain occupation probability values, a percolating regime appears where there is a high probability of having connected paths with zero capillary forces. Due to these paths, no minimum threshold pressure is required to start a flow in this regime. When varying the pressure drop across the porous medium from low to high in this regime, the relation between the volumetric flow rate in the steady state and the pressure drop goes from being linear to a power law with exponent 2.56, and then to linear again. Outside the percolation regime, there is a threshold pressure necessary to start the flow and no linear regime is observed for low pressure drops. When the pressure drop is high enough for there to be a flow, we find that the flow rate depends on the excess pressure drop to a power law with exponents around 2.2–2.3. At even higher excess pressure drops, the relation becomes linear. We see no change in the exponent for the intermediate regime at the percolation critical points where the zero-capillary force paths disappear. We measure the mobility at the percolation threshold at low pressure drops so that the flow rate versus pressure drop is linear. Assuming a power law, the mobility is proportional to the difference between the occupation probability and the critical occupation probability to a power of around 5.7.
Optimization of macronutrients for improved grain yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) crop under semi-arid conditions of Morocco
Authors: Taaime Nawal , El Mejahed Khalil , Choukr-Allah Redouane , Bouabid Rachid , Oukarroum Abdallah , El Gharous Mohamed
Published: June 2023

In the context of climate change, quinoa represents a potential alternative crop for increasing crops diversity, agricultural productivity, and farmer’s income in semi-arid regions. However, appropriate crop management practices under limited water supply are still poorly documented. Quinoa, like other cultivated crops, needs optimum quantities of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), for better growth and high grain yield. To determine the adequate levels of nutrient requirements and their effect on quinoa growth and productivity, a field experiment was conducted during two growing seasons (2020–2021 and 2021–2022). The experiment was conducted in Ben Guerir region, north-central Morocco, and consisted of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments studied consist of a combination of four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1), three P rates (0, 30, and 60 kg P2O5 ha−1), and three K rates (0, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha−1). The physiological, nutritional, and production parameters of quinoa were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the highest total biomass (3.9 t ha−1) and grain yield (0.8 t ha−1) under semi-arid conditions were obtained with 40 kg N ha−1, 60 kg P2O5 ha−1, and 120 kg K2O ha−1. The application of 40–60–120 kg ha−1 of N–P2O5–K2O increased plant height by 44%, chlorophyll content index by 96%, total biomass by 134%, grain yield by 112%, and seed weight by 118%. Among the three macronutrients, N was the most limiting factor, followed by K and P. Nutrients uptake data showed that quinoa needs 60 kg N, 26 kg P2O5, and 205 kg K2O to produce 1 t of grain yield. Our field results provide future recommendations for improving the agronomic and environmental sustainability of quinoa cultivation in dryland areas in Morocco.
Knowledge assessment on the functions of government authorities. Assemblymen, council, prefect, and mayor
Authors: León-Alberca Tatiana , Torres-Toukoumidis Angel , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Elections allow citizens to participate in the political process and to choose those candidates they consider suitable to govern their nation.

Methods

In this context, this research aims to investigate the level of knowledge of Ecuadorians about the authorities, for which a survey was applied to 1,376 inhabitants from different provinces and ages. The survey evaluated knowledge about executive function, mayor and prefect, legislative office positions, assembly members and councils.

Results

The information showed that people know more about the functions of the mayor, followed by the assemblyman, prefect and finally council, admitting that age is a correlated factor. It was also seen that Ecuadorians show they know more about the functions of the prefect than of the mayor, also reinforcing the premise: the older the person, the more knowledge he/she has about executive functions of popular representations. However, in legislative functions, there is more knowledge about the work of councils than the members, unlike what was evidenced before. Regarding age, a significant variation is observed, demonstrating that the group between 27 and 64 years is the one with more correct options.

Conclusions

The results reveal the urgent need of governments, academia and society in general to work on electoral processes literacy.
Validation of the short version of the obsessive compulsive spectrum questionnaire
Authors: Dell’Osso Liliana , Nardi Benedetta , Bonelli Chiara , Gravina Davide , Benedetti Francesca , Del Prete Luca , Massimetti Gabriele , Amatori Giulia , Carpita Barbara , Cremone Ivan Mirko
Published: June 2023

Aim

In the recent years, a rising amount of research has stressed the importance of a dimensional perspective on mental disorders. In particular, the conceptualization of an obsessive–compulsive spectrum appears to be in line with the very first descriptions of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and has been partially acknowledged by the inclusion of the “OCD-spectrum related syndromes and disorders” section in the DSM-5. The goal of the current study is to ascertain the psychometric characteristics of the Obsessive–Compulsive Spectrum–Short Version (OBS-SV), a novel questionnaire designed to measure the complete range of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, from severe full blown to subthreshold ones.

Methods

Forty three subjects with a clinical diagnosis of OCD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5); 42 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD), and 60 individuals without current or lifetime mental disorders (HC) were recruited from the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Pisa. Subjects were assessed with the SCID-5, the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the OBS-SV.

Results

OBS-SV showed strong test–retest reliability for both the total and the domains scores, as well as a high level of internal consistency. The Pearson’s coefficients for the OBS-SV domain scores ranged from 0.771 to 0.943, and they were positively and strongly linked with one another (p < 0.001). The OBS-SV total score had a strong correlation with each of the OBS-SV domain scores. All correlation coefficients between OBS-SV and additional measures of OCS were observed to be strong, significant and positive. Both OBS-SV domain and overall score differences between diagnostic groups were found to be statistically significant. From HCs, to the SAD, up to the OC group, which had the highest values, the OBS-SV total score grew dramatically and progressively.

Conclusion

The OBS-SV demonstrated significant convergent validity with other dimensional OCD measures, excellent internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. Across the three diagnostic categories, the questionnaire functioned differently, with a rising score gradient from healthy controls through SAD patients to OCD subjects.
Clinical study of falls among inpatients with hematological diseases and exploration of risk prediction models
Authors: Wang Jing , Chen Bin , Xu Fang , Chen Qin , Yue Jing , Wen Jingjing , Zhao Fang , Gou Min , Zhang Ya
Published: June 2023

Background

Falls are serious health events that can cause life-threatening injuries, especially among specific populations. This study assessed the risk factors associated with falls among inpatients with hematological diseases and explored the predictive value of fall risk assessment models.

Methods

Clinical data from 275 eligible hematology disease patients who visited Mianyang Central Hospital with or without falls from September 2019 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Fall risk scores were determined in all included patients. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with and without falls. Binary logistic regression models were used to screen for potential fall-specific risk factors among hospitalized patients with hematology diseases.

Results

Falls occurred in 79 cases. Patients in the fall group had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), a higher incidence of diabetes mellitus, visual impairment, hematological malignancies, and maintenance of stable disease stage, higher glucose levels, and a greater proportion of dizziness, nocturnal defecation, and receipt of intensive chemotherapy than those in the non-fall group (all P < 0.05). Fall patients were also more likely to have used diuretics, laxatives, sedative-sleeping drugs, analgesics, albumin, and calcium, and to have had catheters placed. The Barthel Index, grade of nursing care, support of chaperones, body temperature, nutrition score, and pain score also differed significantly between the two groups (all P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the maintenance of stable disease stage (OR = 4.40, 95% CI 2.11–9.18, P < 0.001), use of sedative and sleeping drugs (OR = 4.84, 95% CI 1.09–21.49, P = 0.038), use of diuretics (OR = 5.23, 95% CI 2.40–11.41, P < 0.001), and intensive chemotherapy (OR = 10.41, 95% CI 3.11–34.87, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for falls. A high Barthel Index (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97, P < 0.001), a high level of nursing care (OR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.04–0.98, P = 0.047), and availability of family accompaniment (OR = 0.15, 95% CI 0.06–0.34, P < 0.001) were protective factors for falls. A ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of different fall-specific risk scales among inpatients with hematological diseases. The Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Rating Scale had high sensibility and specificity with an area under the curve of 0.73 (95% CI 0.66–0.80, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Scale had a strong predictive value for falls among hospitalized patients with hematology diseases and can be recommended as a valid tool for clinical use.