bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Communicative Competence in Students of Higher Medical Schools
Authors: Zhura V. , Rudova J.
Published: April 2019

Communicative competence has been the central point of a great number of English for specific purposes (ESP) studies. However, its relevance to second language acquisition by medical students and attainability are still to be established as the critical evaluation of the present findings may help to create a valuable inventory for practical use in a classroom. The review set out to explore the present-day concept of communicative competence with regard to ESP teaching and ways of its development in students of medical universities. It analyzed the structure of the concept of communicative competence generally viewed as comprising both linguistic and extralinguistic constituents. Special emphasis was placed on the aspect of enhancing competitive competence through students’ involvement in oral communication. One of the most effective ways of developing communication skills in ESP classes in medical schools is exposure to authentic communication using Internet facilities. The videos should be thematically adjusted to the students’ professional needs and correlate with their level of linguistic and professional expertise. This approach helps to accomplish a number of teaching goals such as providing students with the information about the framework of speech events iterative in medical and academic spheres, communication patterns used in them, and raising their professional and socio-cultural awareness. It also aims to develop their ability to perform speech activities within a wide range of professional and academic contexts. The review made it possible to identify efficient reproductive and productive teaching methods to be employed.
Preliminary Reflection on Content and Language Integrated Learning as a Tool for Teaching English in a Globalised World
Authors: O’Connell A. , Chaplier C.
Published: April 2019

CLIL has become synonymous with teaching English to non-specialist students in professional and academic (ex. universities) contexts. However, it should not be seen as a unique approach that could be applied to any situation. The present reflection aims to emphasise the importance of social and educational contexts in the shaping of CLIL as a tool for both research and teaching, as a research question. It proposes a plan for research that needs to be collaborative and comparative in its objectives and methodology (action research), which will be followed by the presentation of the expected outcomes.
Factors Responsible for Delayed Presentation at the Dental Clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria
Authors: Olawole W. , Kanmodi K.
Published: April 2019

Background: It is a very sad experience, as a clinician, to see a patient presenting very late at a dental office with complicated oral health-related problems when the initial causal problem is very cheap, easy, and simple to treat. This study aims to determine the factors causing delay in seeking dental treatment among the patients visiting the dental clinic of the Fedearal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study was questionnaire-based survey of 172 non-paediatric patients attending the dental clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. Data was obtained on their socio-demographic characteristics and the reasons behind their late presentation. Data analysis was done using the SPSS Version 20 Software. Results: Most of the participating patients were males (57.6%), Muslims (73.8%) and of age 16 – 35 years (65.1%). Also, 66.9% of them were from the Hausa tribe, 62.8% were married, and 40.1% had polytechnic/university education. The reasons indicated by the respondents for their delay in seeking early oral healthcare services at our dental clinic were diverse. However, the three most commonly given reason were: busy work schedules, dental anxiety, and preference for traditional treatment options. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of delayed presentation among patients visiting the dental clinic of the Federal Medical Centre situated in the Birnin Kebbi metropolis. This study also identified the reasons for such delays. This study also corroborates other studies in ascertaining that delayed dental visit is a public health and clinical problem in the Nigerian setting. Hence, there is an imminent need to ensure that the public are educated on oral health issues.
Using Social Media for Effective Health Care Service Delivery: Bibliometrics and Sociometry
Authors: Shrestha S. , Ferreira J. , Galti A.
Published: April 2019

Background: Today, social media seems to be a common forum for sharing information, discuss ideas and knowledge. The number of social media users are at increasing trend even in developing countries. The importance of using social media, especially in delivering healthcare services information, include the creation of awareness and firsthand information of health and health-related issues (effect of adverse drug reactions, reporting, among others). Purpose: The main objective of this work is to outline and discuss the opportunities and challenges of using social media in the health area. Specifically, the objectives of this paper are to compare the role of health professionals and consumers with special reference to social media; detect the validity of the information available in social media, and understand how to deal with incorrect/false information, and to analyze the main characteristics of the publications on the subject social media in healthcare.

Methods: This article is a narrative review, also a descriptive quantitative research, using the techniques of bibliometrics and sociometry in order to obtain information relevant to the subject in question. Results: The results presented the countries, researchers and universities that produced the most on the subject, and demonstrated the efficiency of bibliometrics and sociometry techniques for health research, going beyond a narrative review.

Conclusion: It is concluded that social media is a competitive differential in the provision of health services. To this end, institutions should empower their employees, encourage them to seek and convey reliable and accurate information, monitor routines, and evaluate results through user feedback. Suggestion: To this end, institutions should empower their employees, encourage them to seek and convey reliable and accurate information, monitor routines, and evaluate results through user feedback.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FRUITS OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA ON LIPID PROFILE AND BODY WEIGHT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Shafi Sabeeha , Tabassum Nahida
Published: April 2019

Eriobotrya japonica locally called as loquat in Kashmir has been studied in various parts of the world but little work has been reported on Kashmiri loquat. The chemical nature of fruits and vegetables offers a great diversity of biological properties and plays an important role in the field of pharmacology. There is a quest for newer drugs with few adverse effects and this poses a challenge for the development of new drugs. The study was undertaken to study the activities of ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica fruits in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical screening of the plant was also done. The animals were divided into five groups. Normal Control group received only the vehicle. Toxic group included those animals in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The 3rd group was those animals which received streptozotocin and standard antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide. 4th group included those diabetic animals which received 50 mg/kg b.w dose of fruits of Eriobotrya japonica. 5th group animals included those diabetic animals which received 100 mg/kg b.w of the plant extract. The biochemical parameters that were evaluated were blood glucose levels and lipid profile tests. The body weight was also checked. Histopathology of pancreas was also done. The results showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels, lipid profile tests in animals treated with different doses of the plant extracts. Histopathology of pancreas also showed positive results.
ATTENUATION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS BY METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS AERIAL PARTS
Authors: Suvarchala Reddy V N.V.L , Ganga Raju M. , Alekhya B. , Subrahmanyam C.V.S
Published: April 2019

Diabetic nephropathy has become a leading cause of end stage renal failure worldwide. To develop Complementary and Alternative Medicine for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, the present study investigated the protective effects of methanolic extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis (MEBS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. In this study, diabetes was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats. STZ diabetic rats were treated with oral doses of MEBS (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period body, kidney weight, blood glucose levels, serum and urine parameters were investigated. Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxide levels were determined in the kidney along with histopathological examination of the same. MEBS significantly increased body weight, lowered blood glucose levels and ameliorated kidney hypertrophy index in the STZ-diabetic rats. The extract also decreased the levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, triglycerides, advanced glycation end products and albumin in serum and urine, respectively. MEBS significantly increased the antioxidant parameters in the kidney. Histological evaluation revealed that MEBS treated STZ-diabetic rats demonstrated reduced vacuolar degeneration of tubules; periodic acid Schiff base (PAS) positivity staining intensity in glomeruli and basement membrane thickening. Present findings provide experimental evidence that MEBS has potential antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-glycation activities which might be helpful in slowing the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF ETHANOLIC SEED EXTRACT OF ELAEOCARPUS SERRATUS
Authors: Geetha DH , Jayashree Indhiramuthu , Rajeswari M
Published: April 2019

The present investigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive compounds of ethanolic extract of Elaeocarpus serratus (Elaeocarpaceae) has been subjected to GC-MS analysis. Thirty compounds were detected from the plant E. serratus. The highest peak area percentage of 19.12% was obtained by n-propanol (RT=3.04min.) and lowest peak area percentage of 2.34% was obtained by 1-propylthio-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl acetate (RT=11.57min.). The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms many aliments by traditional practitioners. However, isolation of individual phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.
IN VIVO EVALUATION OF TAZAROTENE SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES GEL FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY
Authors: Aland Rajkumar , Ganesan M. , Rajeswara Rao P.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research work was to develop and optimize the Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) of Tazarotene for the effective topical delivery in the treatment of psoriasis. Tazarotene loaded SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by the ultrasonication using Taguchi’s design and based on the results further investigation was made using central composite design. The  lipid Dynasan-116, surfactant poloxomer-188 and co surfactant egg lecithin resulted in better percent drug loading and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, TEM, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range.  In vitro drug release of optimized SLN formulation (F1) was found to be 98.12 ± 1.52%, whereas pure drug release was 42.12 after 60 min. The optimized formulation was incorporated into the gel. The release rate (flux) of tazarotene across the membrane and excised skin differs significantly.   The accumulative amount of Tazarotene in skin from SLN based gel formulation and marketed gel were 41.12 ± 0.12 mg and 30.02 ± 0.04 mg respectively. This result supported our hypothesis made in skin permeation studies on rat skin. From histopathological studies the microscopic observations indicate that the optimized SLN formulation, SLN based gel formulation and marketed gel has no significant effect on the microscopic structure of the skin. The skin-irritation studies indicated that SLN based gel containing Tazarotene did not show any sign of skin irritation as compared to moderate erythema shown by marketed gel formulation (Tazret® gel) after 72 h of application. Thus, SLN based gel formulation demonstrated advantage over marketed formulation in improving the skin tolerability of Tazarotene indicating their potential in improving patient acceptance and topical delivery of Tazarotene.
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ISOQUERCITRIN FROM HYGROPHILA SALICIFOLIA (ACANTHACEAE)
Authors: Bhatt Mehul K , Shah Nehal
Published: April 2019

Hygrophila salicifolia is an erect herb (family: Acanthaceae). It has many medicinal uses like diuretic and anti inflammatory in traditional systems of medicine. Till date no data available for its standardisation therefore isolation of phytoconstituent was done from methanolic extract of Hygrophila salicifolia. Besides a known flavonoid, Isoquercitrin was isolated for the first time from a Hygrophila species, namely Hygrophila salicifolia (Acanthaceae). Its structure was established on the basis of its spectroscopic data.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC FOR ESTIMATION OF NERATINIB IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Lakshmi Kanth M , Raj Kamal B
Published: April 2019

An accurate RP-HPLC method developed for the estimation of Neratinib in bulk and tablet dosage form. The method is and validated for parameters linearity, accuracy, suitability, specificity, precession, LOD, LOQ and robustness. An Altima column (150 mm × 4.6 mm × 5µ) used for chromatographic separation within a runtime of 6 min. The mobile phase buffer (monopotassium phosphate) and acetonitrile (60:40 v/v) with 0.1% formic acid is used. The flow rate maintained at 1.0 ml/min with the effluents monitored at 215 nm. The Neratinib analyzed at retention time of 4.001. The concentration linear over 30-180µg/ml with regression equation y = 6065.6x + 795.43 and regression co-efficient 0.999.
THE IMPACT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF ANTICANCER NANOMATERIALS: A REVIEW
Authors: Sied Filli Mensura , Ibrahim Ahmed Abdalla , Aquib Md , Abbas Abdul Baset , Morshed Arwa , Boakye-yiadom Kofi Oti , Kesse Samuel , Farooq Muhammad Asim , Bazezy Mily , Wang Bo
Published: April 2019

Cancer is a global leading cause of death which suffers from treatment failures mainly due to intensive toxicity and lack of effectiveness of conventional drugs. The application of nanotechnology in cancer treatment promises to overcome the limitations of conventional drugs/drug delivery systems and improve their therapeutic efficacy. Materials at the nano scale possess novel properties that have an impact on their biological behaviour. The physiological interactions of nanomedicines in the body, which differ from those of conventional medicines, may provide benefits in pharmaceutical and/or clinical applications including, improvements in solubility, stability, efficacy, reduction of side effects, prevention and treatment of diseases. This paper discusses the unique characteristics and distinguished advantages of nanomaterials as anticancer drug carriers. Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are critical parameters to their clinical translation. Hence, the impact of the main physicochemical properties on the efficacy of anitcancer nanomaterials, which are found to effective for cancer treatment and/or diagnosis, are presented. It is important to have reliable and robust characterization techniques that could enable relate physicochemical properties of nanomaterials with their in vivo behaviour. Brief explanation of the different techniques that can be used for studying the different physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials is given. An important consideration, to achieve fast and successful development of nanotechnology-based anticancer drug products, is assessment and optimization of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties at the early stage. Obviously this requires  collaboration among the different discovery and development scientists.
Fatores de risco e possíveis causas de Esquistossomose na população residente das margens do riacho de canas em Itapicuru - BA
Authors: Rodrigues Wellington Pereira , Gonçalves Priscila Dantas , Santiago Patrícia  Silva do Nascimento
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: O presente estudo, tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre os fatores de risco e possíveis causas da esquistossomose na população Ribeirinha, residentes às margens do Riacho da Fazenda Canas no município de Itapicurú-Bahia. Método: Neste contexto, a pesquisa empregada no presente estudo é uma pesquisa de campo, possuindo caráter quantitativo, pois busca-se descobrir quantos entrevistados já forma infectados pelo S. mansoni, assim foi necessário realizar uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório e explicativo. Resultados: Como se nota, 18% da população pertencem ao sexo masculino, o que representa a 36,0% da população, enquanto 32% são do sexo feminino, equivalente a 64,0% dos entrevistados. Das 24,0%, doze pessoas têm até 20 anos; 8,0% quatro pessoas estão na faixa etária de 20 (vinte) a 30 (trinta) anos, e 60,0% trinta e quatro pessoas têm de 30 ou mais anos de idade, sendo constatado que a população pesquisada é composta pela maioria absoluta de adultos. Ao ser questionado se o entrevistado ou sua família toma banho, já tomou, ou lava roupas no riacho, 98,0% responderam “SIM”, enquanto 2,0%, apenas uma pessoa, respondeu “NÃO”. Conclusão: Todas estas descobertas mostram a necessidade de uma educação em saúde voltada para a prevenção da esquistossomose, tendo em vista o número de casos de na população Ribeirinha residentes às margens do Riacho de Canas, em se tratando da gravidade da doença.
Vulnerabilidade a transmissão sexual do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV): representações sociais de universitários indígenas do Instituto Insikiran de formação superior indígena
Authors: Barbosa Alves Ana Paula , Ramos Baruque Andrade
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analisar as informações, e as atitudes frente a prevenção das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) e da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS) e a noção sobre vulnerabilidade entre os estudantes universitários do Instituto Insikiran de Formação Superior Indígena da Universidade Federal de Roraima. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, e foi desenvolvida no Insikiran/UFRR em Boa Vista (RR), entre os meses de junho a julho de 2018, a amostra da pesquisa foi composta por 34 alunos matriculados nos três cursos do INSIKIRAN. A técnica de pesquisa utilizada foi à entrevista em que se utilizou um questionário de respostas fechadas e abertas. As respostas dos questionários foram analisadas, a partir das expressões históricas, resultantes de um processo social e de conhecimento. Resultados: Observou-se entre os entrevistados que a maioria refere que utiliza o preservativo e o identificam como um método de prevenção eficaz em relação as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e o HIV. Porém, em alguns relatos nota-se que o uso do preservativo não é utilizado de modo rotineiro por estes jovens em todas as suas relações sexuais. Conclusão: A maioria dos universitários indígenas possui um elevado índice de conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão e de prevenção das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e pelo HIV.
Conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre o manejo de lesões por pressão em unidade de terapia intensiva
Authors: França Ana Paula Figueiredo de Montalvão , Rassy Maria Elizabete de Castro , Portilho Rafaelly da Conceição Barra , Serrão Ana Carla Figueiredo de Montalvão , França Amanda Souza , Miranda Etely do Socorro da Silva
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre o manejo de lesões por pressão, com enfoque nos fatores de risco, avaliação e tratamento. Método: Estudo exploratório, desenvolvido com nove enfermeiros da UTI adulto de um hospital de referência em Belém do Pará, no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2018. Foi aplicado um questionário, que abordava seus conhecimentos acerca do manejo de lesões por pressão. Os dados foram submetidos a tratamento estatístico descritivo. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da FSCMP sob o parecer nº 2.695.305, respeitando-se os termos preconizados na Resolução 466/2012. Resultados: Quanto ao perfil dos enfermeiros da UTI, observou-se que a população profissional é predominantemente feminina, onde mais da metade é graduada há um período superior a 16 anos. Situação semelhante foi percebida ao analisar o tempo de atuação desses profissionais em UTI, onde a grande maioria destes já atua na área há pelo menos 11 anos. Sobre o conhecimento dos enfermeiros acerca do manejo de lesões por pressão, observou-se que estes apresentam algumas deficiências, mas podem ser considerados satisfatórios, fato que viabiliza o planejamento e implementação dos cuidados com eficácia e segurança. Identificou-se a necessidade de educação permanente da equipe. Conclusão: A ocorrência de lesões por pressão ainda é um grave problema em unidades de terapia intensiva, apesar do empenho da equipe na prevenção e cuidado. Como profissional protagonista no manejo de lesões por pressão, conclui-se que o conhecimento é um requisito fundamental nas boas práticas do enfermeiro.
Vulnerabilidade feminina para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis durante visita íntima
Authors: Lobo Laynara Maria das Graças Alves , Almeida Mayron Morais , Santos Thiago Sampaio dos , Moraes Wygor Bruno e Silva , Freitas Darlyson Emanuel Sena de , Oliveira Francisco Braz Milanez
Published: April 2019

Objetivo:  Analisar a percepção de mulheres acerca das vulnerabilidades para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) durante a visita Íntima em unidades de um sistema prisional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 29 mulheres, companheiras de homens em situação de privação de liberdade. A produção dos dados de deu mediante entrevista realizada durante o ano de 2016. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio do software Iramutec. A pesquisa foi aprovada sob o nº CAAE: 56476715.3.0000.8007. Resultados: A idade dos participantes variou entre 18 a 46 anos; a cor da pele autorreferida parda foi predominante (65,5 %); 10,3% dos participantes referiram já terem adquirido alguma infecção sexualmente transmissível.  Associou-se à prevenção e a proteção às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis ao uso do preservativo, sendo que a percepção da vulnerabilidade está ligada à confiança no parceiro. Conclusão: não houve percepção de vulnerabilidade para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis por parte das mulheres participantes do estudo, evidenciando a necessidade da promoção da educação sexual dessas mulheres e seus companheiros no contexto prisional. O estudo foi essencial para entender os conceitos de vulnerabilidade sob a percepção de uma população de risco, sendo que outros estudos são necessários para aprofundamento do tema.
Hérnia diafragmática oculta após trauma – Relato de caso
Authors: Costa Geovane Biase Gomes da , Melo Ana Maria Sampaio de , Andrade Valéria Lopes de , Bergamasco José João Corrêa , Rodriguez Juan Eduardo Rios , Cabral Brígida Thaine Fernandes
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de hérnia diafragmática pós-traumática de diagnóstico tardio com sintomas discretos e discutir sobre as bases do diagnóstico e manejo atuais das mesmas. Relato do caso: A paciente do sexo feminino, 46 anos, deu entrada em serviço de urgência na cidade de Manaus, com queixa de dispneia discreta, dor torácica esquerda e dor abdominal mais localizada em hipocôndrio esquerdo, com piora dos sintomas há dois dias e história pregressa de trauma contuso. Realizada tomografia computadorizada com evidência de hérnia volumosa em hemitórax esquerdo, que não condizia com os sintomas ou o estado geral da paciente. Foi realizada laparotomia exploradora com incisão mediana infraumbilical. Visualizou-se lesão de aproximadamente 16 centímetros em diafragma seguida de correção cirúrgica das lesões. Considerações Finais: As lesões diafragmáticas podem ser diagnosticadas imediatamente, em meses ou anos após o trauma. Este relato ilustra mais um caso raro de hérnia diafragmática traumática pouco sintomática em contraste com o grande volume de alças intestinais em cavidade torácica.
Mitochondrial Retinal Imaging – What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Raimondi Raffaele , Hom Grant L. , Conti Thais F. , Singh Rishi P.
Published: April 2019

Recent studies demonstrate the crucial role of mitochondria in retinal disease pathogenesis. Recently, a device was developed to non-invasively study retinal metabolic stress and measure retinal mitochondrial activity. Previous studies indicate that oxidized flavoproteins increase during metabolic stress and are a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction. This device measures oxidized flavoprotein fluorescence, which absorbs blue light and emits green autofluorescence. This review summarizes the biological rationale, technology advances, research findings, and future perspectives of mitochondrial retinal imaging.
COMPARING BREASTFEEDING AND FEEDING WITH INFANT FORMULA
Authors: Kent George
Published: April 2019

Global guidelines for infant formula say the ingredients are supposed to be those “which have been proved to be suitable for infant feeding.” “Proven” has not been defined, so there has not been any authoritative proof of suitability.

 Assessment of infant formula has focused on its ingredients. Globally, the Codex Alimentarius Commission has set out a list of ingredients that should be in all infant formula, while also giving national governments the option to introduce some variations within that framework. As illustrated by the practice in the United States, infant formula that includes the ingredients specified in the global guidelines and in national law is described as nutritionally adequate.

 This is not good enough. The gold standard against which infant formula should be compared is optimal breastfeeding. The comparison should be based not on examination of formula’s ingredients but on examination of its performance. Does infant formula do what it is supposed to do? Does feeding with any particular type of infant formula protect the health of infants and their mothers as well as breastfeeding? If not, it is not functionally adequate.

 Some might argue that while infant formula is not quite as good as breastfeeding for protecting infants’ health, it is not much worse. Families might have their own reasons for feeding their infants with formula. There is a need for serious discussion of the gap between breastfeeding and feeding with formula and about the degree to which considerations other than the infant’s health might play a role. New parents should be supported in making wise, well-informed choices about how they will feed their infants.
Food as a new old commons
Authors: Vivero-Pol Jose Luis
Published: April 2019

The industrial food system, which is becoming highly dominant, is increasingly failing to fulfil its basic functions: producing food in a sustainable manner, feeding people adequately and avoiding hunger. As hunger remains steadily high and obesity numbers do not cease to grow in a world that is overconsuming natural resources far beyond planetary boundaries, producing food unsustainably and wasting one third of it, there is a need to bring unconventional perspectives into the debate on possible solutions for a transition towards a fairer and sustainable food system. The dominant paradigms that have sustained human development and economic growth during the twentieth century (productivism, consumerism, individualism, survival of the fittest, the tragedy of the commons and endless growth) do not provide viable solutions to the multiple crises and the current challenges. Considering food as a commons can be an alternative paradigm worth exploring. The food commons, anchored to the adequate valuation of the multiple dimensions of food to humans, can provide a discourse of convergence that embraces contemporary (i.e. urban innovations) and customary (i.e. indigenous practices) food activities, being at the same time the aspirational vision that coalesce the different collective actions for food into a networked web that relentlessly grows to challenge and render obsolete the industrial food system that only values the economic dimension of food as a commodity, keeps food producers hungry and makes food consumers obese.
My experiences with Elisabet Helsing
Authors: Greiner Ted H
Published: April 2019

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Nutrition for Rohingya Refugees
Authors: Talukder Shamim Hayder
Published: April 2019

Influx of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh since August 2017 made a global largest humanitarian crises which has a major concern to build a sustainable nutrition intervention. It is necessary to develop the refugees settlement with a provision of sustainable livelihood and nutrition security, without these any intervention design for them is not humanitarian perspective.
Exploring infant & young child feeding (IYCF) practices & perceptions in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Authors: Keith Regina Susan
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The aim of the research was to gain a greater understanding of infant and young child feeding perceptions and practices in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and the role of early years’ providers in supporting healthy feeding practices. The research was used to feed into ongoing commissioning and resource allocation priorities, taking into consideration continuing budget restrictions, to achieve nutrition outcomes through effective early years’ public health interventions.

Methodology: A qualitative methodology was applied. The target groups were mothers with children under five years old, early years ‘service providers and carers. The participants were selected using purposeful, convenience and snowball sampling methods. In total 18 focus group discussions, 36 interviews and 3 direct observation sessions were carried out with 144 participants across the borough.

Findings:  There was generally widespread knowledge that breastfeeding is best for infants, however, there was less clarity on the best time for introducing complementary food and drinks to infants. Mothers trust health providers for information, but most used the internet, family and friends for information as it was  easier to access. Some mothers reported mixed messages, pain, and pressure from the media, families and friends as the main reasons for changing from exclusive breastfeeding to mixed feeding. Some mothers reported lack of support postnatally and inconsistent advice such as service providers giving mixed messages, especially regarding feeding in public, mixed feeding and when to introduce other fluids and foods. The borough’s infant and young child feeding support workers were valued, but not all mothers knew about the service. Certain groups, such as those with English as a second language, teenage mothers and mothers without childcare reported not using services routinely.  

Conclusions: Following presentation of the key findings, and a discussion with early years’ service providers, the Tower Hamlets Public Health Division suggested practice changes which were adopted by the LBTH council. The council committed to continue supporting the Infant Feeding & Wellbeing Service (known as the Baby Feeding Service) to continue to improve infant and young child feeding practices. Health visitors are encouraged to use their new 3-4 month contact with post-natal mothers, in addition to the five mandated universal contacts, as an opportunity to offer nutrition support to mothers. The council also approved increased nutrition capacity within the Health Visiting and Public Health team. More information is now available on the Tower Hamlets website to support mothers with clear nutrition and infant feeding information with details of the many services mothers can access in the borough.
What is done with questionable foods? The infant formula example
Authors: Kent George
Published: April 2019

What is done with foods of questionable quality such as those that are outdated or recalled? There is no agency of government that tracks such foods, so they might re-enter the food stream, whether legally or illegally. This can put people’s health at risk. This is a major issue in relation to infant formula because infants are highly vulnerable and for a time formula can constitute their entire diet.

 There is a need for clear law for the management of questionable foods and for active enforcement of the law. There is also a need for transparency for the entire process of handling questionable foods.
NUANSA MAKNA SINONIM ADJEKTIVA SIKAP BATIN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Oktami Nila , Manaf Ngusman Abdul , Juita Novia
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the pair of synonyms and nuances of the meaning of the pair of synonyms of the Indonesian mental attitude adjective. This research is qualitative research using the descriptive method. The data of this study are the basic adjectives of the inner attitude of Indonesian. The results of this study indicate that (1) there are 26 pairs of Indonesian mental attitude adjectives that are proven to be synonymous and (2) all pairs of Indonesian mental attitude adjectives that prove synonymous with meaning nuances. Not all Indonesian mental attitude adjectives that have synonym and most synonymous pairs are adjunctive nuances of meaning on cognitive meaning anda a small part of emotive menaing.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA SUKU JAWA DALAM INTERAKSI ANTARSUKU DI HALMAHERA UTARA
Authors: Nakrowi Zain Syaifudin , Pujiyanti Arifah
Published: April 2019

Politeness Strategies in the Javanese Language in Interaction between Ethnicities in North Halmahera. This research was conducted to describe the perception of North Halmahera’s citizens towards the Javanese Ethnic’s speech politeness. The research strategy used was the qualitative research design which is assisted with quantitative design. The findings of this research show the scale of The Javanese Ethnic’s speech  politeness according to the perception of North Halmahera’s citizens which has been sorted in this following order: 1) apologizing, 2) sympathizing, 3) pleasantries, 4) avoiding disputes, 5) optimistic, 6) respectful, 7) not forcing, 8) indirect, 9) modesty, 10) jokes, 11) involving speech partners in speech activities, 12) native identity markers, and 13) presumptions.
EPIZEUKSIS DALAM KUMPULAN SAJAK CHAIRIL ANWAR: AKU INI BINATANG JALANG
Authors: Bulderita Silvania , Gani Erizal , Syahrul Syahrul
Published: April 2019

Epizeuxis in a collection of Anwar Chairil Poems: I'm a Bitch Animal. This article aims to investigate the epizeuxis style found in the lines of Chairil Anwar's poems: I am a bitch animal. The collection of poems consisted of 76 poems from Chairil Anwar from 1942-1949 totaling 76 poems, 2 poetry transcripts, and Chairil Anwar's letters to H.B Jassin. Descriptive method is using in this research. There are 21 poems that contain epizeuxis style. Found three epizeuxis language style contained in a collection of Chairil Anwar's poems. First, the language style is repeated directly in a row. Secondly, the style of language with important words repeated as affirmation. Third, the style of language that is considered important words repeated several times in a row.
REPRESENTASI KEKUASAAN DALAM WACANA KELAS DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH PERTAMA
Authors: Asrianti Asrianti
Published: April 2019

The Representation of Power in Classroom Discourse in Junior High School. This research describes power representation in classroom discourse.  A qualitative approach was used in the research. It was classified into critical situation analysis. The data were collected through (1) observation, (2) recording, and (3) field notes. The data were analyzed through Miles and Huberman mode. The results indicate that there is an authority representation in the class situation at the school, namely; (1) representation formed authority in a class situation, (2) representation of authority strategy in a class situation, and (3) representation of authority function in the class situation. The results of authority form cover forms (a) command, (b) request, (c) prohibition, and (d) suggestion. The result of authority strategy cover forms: (a) control speech, (b) use threat, (c) give the tricky question, (d) be angry/pretend to be angry. Moreover, on authority function cover forms; (a) control learning process, (b) force, (c) trusted, and (d) respected.
Hadislerin Tesbitinde Sened Tenkidinin Tercihi Nedenleri
Authors: KAYA Murat
Published: April 2019

Çalışmamızın, isnad merkezli olması nedeniyle eleştiri konusu olan klasik hadis usulü anlayışına farklı bir boyut kazandıracağı ve güncelliğini koruyan sened ve metin esaslı tartışmalara katkı sunacağı ümidindeyiz. Hadise dair problemlerin çözümü için kaleme alınan eserler incelendiğinde, sened ve metin tenkid sistemlerinin icrasına birbirine yakın oranlarda başvurulmadığı görülecektir. Bu bağlamda muhaddislerin, sened tenkidini tercih ederek metin tenkidinde çekingen davrandıkları bilinen bir gerçektir. Onları böyle bir davranışa sevk eden farklı âmiller söz konusu olmuşsa da haklılıklarına yorumlanabilecek bazı durumların olduğu da malumdur. Rivayet tesbitlerinde sened tenkidine zorlayan farklı bileşenleri dikkatlere sunarak isnad tenkidinin tercih nedenlerini incelemek ve râvî tahlilleri ekseninde teksif edilen çabaların gerekçelerini gün yüzüne çıkartmak araştırmamızın ana temasını oluşturmaktadır.Sahihini sakiminden ayıklamak suretiyle rivayetlerde aidiyet meselesini çözüme kavuşturmak, hadis ilimlerinin en önemli mevzusu olmuştur. Muhakkik muhaddisler bu uğurda ciddi çabalar sarf ederek, biri haberden önce muhabire odaklanmak şeklinde özetlenebilen sened tenkidi, öteki içeriğin İslam’a ve ilmî tecrübeye uygunluğunun test edildiği metin tenkidi olmak üzere iki önemli ilmî kaide geliştirmişlerdir.
Endülüs Emevîleri Döneminde Kelâm Karşıtlığının Sebepleri
Authors: BAYRAKTAR KARAHAN Fatma
Published: April 2019

Endülüs İslâm medeniyetinde farklı birçok alanda ilim adamları yetişmiştir. İslâmî ilimlerde de önemli isimlerin yetişmiş ve ciddi gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Gerek yazılan eserler gerek ortaya konulan fikirler ile Endülüs bölgesi önemli bir ilmi birikime ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Ancak bölgede kıraat, tefsir, hadis ve fıkıh alanlarında kaydedilen ilerleme kelâm ilmi için aynı düzeyde gerçekleşememiştir. Öyle ki kelâmî fikirlerin özgürce tartışılması, yeni fikirlerin ortaya atılması bazı dönemlerde engellenmiş, bid’at kabul edilmiş ve hatta bazı dönemlerde yasaklanabilmiştir. Kelâm ilminin Endülüs’te yeterli oranda gelişme gösterememesinin gerisinde var olan toplumsal, siyasî ve fikri nedenler ve bu durumun ortaya çıkardığı mezhep taassubunun yaygınlaşması, taklitçiliğin teşviki gibi sonuçları üzerinde durulacaktır. Zira kelâmî konular ve görüşler sosyal, siyasal ve kültürel etkenlerden bağımsız değildir. Diğer yandan kelâm metodunun toplumda özgür düşünceyi güçlendiren, farklı din mensupları ile karşılaşıldığında ortaya çıkabilecek inanca dair tartışmaları aklî ilkeler ışığında düzenleyen yönleri de bulunmaktadır. Endülüs’te bölgesel hâkimiyetlerin söz konusu olduğu dönemler yerine üç asra yakın süre bölgede etkisiyle öne çıkan Endülüs Emevîleri dönemi üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu dönem özellikle Doğu - Batı İslâm’ının mukayesesine de imkân vermektedir. Endülüs’te gelişen ilmî birikim, Doğu’ya gerçekleştirilen seyahatler yoluyla şekillenmiştir. Endülüs Emevîleri dönemi, Doğu Emevî Devletinin devamı olması özelliğiyle Abbasi-Emevî çekişmesinden etkilenmiş bu ise ilmî hayatın şekillenmesinde siyasetin belirleyici rolüne neden olmuştur. Siyasî etkiler yanı sıra bölgede etkin Malikî mezhebi ve toplumsal yapının da kelâm ilminin algılanışında etkili olduğu görülmektedir.
Study on Cool Chair equipped with warming function
Authors: Koyama Jun , Doi Yusuke , Ukai Masanari , Nobe Tatsuo
Published: April 2019

Recent air-conditioning systems aim to provide thermal comfort for an unspecified number of residents. However, office workers may perceive the feeling of comfort differently depending on their clothing, metabolic rate, and personal activity level. This may cause difficulties in maintaining an optimal thermal environment. To address this problem, personal air-conditioning has attracted attention, which is highly versatile and can reduce thermal discomfort and provide comfort to all office workers by enabling individual thermal control. Therefore, the authors focused on developing an office chair, the “Cool Chair”, as a chair-type personal air-conditioning system with a cooling function from 2003 to 2016. The authors then added a warming function for year-round operation, creating the “Cool Chair with Warming Function” in 2017. Subjective evaluation results are reported. These experiments using the new chair indicated that the warming function achieves steady state in 30 minutes and the equivalent temperature of the entire body increases by +2℃. In subject experiments, the warming and cooling functions were adjusted according to individual preferences, and the cooling function was used even during winter by some individuals. The authors also confirmed that the feeling of comfort by the subjects improved at both 19°C and 22°C.
AHLAT MÜZESİNDE BULUNAN URARTU DÖNEMİ MADENİ TAKILAR
Authors: GÖGTAŞ Nasır , İGİT İlter
Published: April 2019

Urartu medeniyeti
merkezi Tuşpa (Van) olan ve özellikle Doğu Anadolu başta olmak üzere, zaman
içerisinde Ön Asya dünyasına hâkim olmuş önemli madenci toplumlardan biridir.
Özellikle Urartuların bulunduğu bölgenin zengin maden yataklarına sahip olması,
M.Ö. 1. binden itibaren Urartuları maden işçiliği anlamında Anadolu’ya örnek
teşkil etmiştir. Urartu yerleşim merkezleri ve mezar gömütlerinde yapılan
kazılarda birçok madeni eserin gün yüzüne çıkartılması ise dönemin
sosyo-kültürel yapısı ve sanatı hakkında bilgilenmemizi sağlamıştır. Bu makalenin konusunu
oluşturan, Ahlat Müzesi’ndeki Urartu dönemi madeni takılar hakkındaki veriler;
yazılı belgelerden çok yine arkeolojik kazılardan elde edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla
söz konusu kültürün sanatı hakkında, daha çok farklı yerleşim merkezleri ve
mezarlarda ele geçirilen madeni buluntuların karşılaştırılmasıyla bir sonuca ulaşılmıştır.

Bu anlamda çalışmamızın
amacı; söz konusu eserlerin, genel hatlarıyla kullanım alanı, yapım ve süsleme tekniklerinin
açıklanması ve Urartu dönemi diğer arkeolojik buluntular ile stil kritiği
yapılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Böylece müzede yer alan eserlerin tarihlendirilmesi
yapılabileceği gibi sahip olabilecekleri anlamlarında açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır.
HASAN HİLMÎ DİVANI’NDA MUHABBET KAVRAMI
Authors: EKİCİ Hasan
Published: April 2019

Tasavvuf
terminolojisinde üzerinde durulan konulardan biri de muhabbet kavramıdır. İslam
ârifleri sevginin en ileri derecesi olan aşk kelimesinin karşılığı olarak muhabbet
kavramını tercih etmişlerdir. Sûfilere göre evrenin ve insanın yaratılışının
kaynağında muhabbet vardır. Tasavvuf neşvesiyle eserler kaleme alan birçok âlim ve mutasavvıf, bu gerçeklikten hareketle muhabbet kavramı üzerine görüş bildirmişlerdir. XIX.
yüzyıl dinî-tasavvufî Türk edebiyatı şairlerinden Hasan Hilmî de na’tlardan
oluşan divanında muhabbet kavramını 320 defa kullanmıştır. Bu eserde tasavvufî
terimler, tasavvufa ait mecâzlar sıkça kullanılmıştır. Şair, eserinde tasavvufun
dört kapısı olan, şerîʽat, tarîkat, hakîkat ve maʽrifeti dile getirirken
muhabbet kavramından istifâde etmiştir. Hasan Hilmî içinde yanan ilahî aşkı ve
peygamber sevgisini muhabbet kavramı ile dile getirirken birtakım tasavvufî
sembollerden ve çağrışımlardan yararlanmıştır. Tasavvufî düşüncenin merkezinde
olan muhabbet kavramı Hasan Hilmî’de daha çok benzetme yoluyla
anlamlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Şair, muhabbet ile ilgili düşüncelerini
beyitlerinde gerek tanımlamalar gerekse tamlamalarla dile getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda
çalışmamızda beyitlerden hareketle Hasan Hilmî’nin muhabbet kavramına bakma
biçimleri başlıklar hâlinde ele alınacaktır.
OKUL MÜDÜRLERİNİN KAYIRMACI DAVRANIŞLARININ ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖRGÜTSEL ADALET ALGILARI İLE MÜDÜRE GÜVENE ETKİSİ
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Hasan , DEMİRBİLEK Nesip
Published: April 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul müdürlerinin
kayırmacı davranışlarının öğretmenlerin örgütsel adalet algıları ile müdüre
güvene etkisini belirlemektir. Bu araştırma da nitel araştırma desenlerinden
olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim
yılında Bingöl il Merkez
sınırları içerisinde yer alan ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan
134 okul müdürü ve 2022 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmada amaçlı
örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt
örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış olup çalışma grubu 16 okul müdürü ve 68
öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel verileri yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın analizinde
betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi kullanılmıştır.

Okul müdürlerinin hangi konularda kayırmacı
davranış sergilediklerine ilişkin öğretmen ve müdür görüşlerinin “Yasal
konularda Esneklik” ve “Gelir Konuları” temaları altında yer aldığı
görülmüştür. Okul müdürlerinin hangi
sebeplerle kayırmacılık yaptığına ilişkin öğretmen görüşlerinin “Kronizm”
“Patronaj” “Nepotizm” ve “Diğer Sebepler” temaları altında yer aldığı
belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin kayırmacı
bir tutumla karşılaştıklarında ne hissettikleri ilişkin öğretmen
görüşleri “Öğretmen Duyguları” ve “Öğretmen Tepkileri” temaları altında
değerlendirilmiştir. Okul müdürlerinin kayırmacı davranışlarının öğretmenlerin
örgütsel adalet algılarını nasıl etkileyeceğine ilişkin öğretmenlerin görüşleri
“Olumsuz Etkiler” teması altında; müdür görüşleri ise “Adaletsizlik” teması altında değerlendirilmiştir. Okul müdürlerinin kayırmacı davranışlarının,
öğretmenlerin müdürlerine olan güvenini nasıl etkileyeceğine ilişkin
öğretmen görüşlerinin “Güvenim sarsılır” teması altında, müdür görüşlerinin ise
“Güvensizlik” teması altında toplandığı görülmüştür.
TEK PARTİ DÖNEMİ’NDE EĞİTİM ŞÛRALARININ HÜKÜMETLERİN EĞİTİM POLİTİKALARINA ETKİLERİ
Authors: BALCI Meral
Published: April 2019

Bir ülkenin
eğitim politikalarının oluşumunda ve uygulanmasında ülkenin mevcut ekonomik,
kültürel ve siyasal ortamının etkisi birçok kez araştırılmıştır. Türkiye’de
çeşitli dönemlerde gerçekleştirilen eğitim politikaları ve müfredat
değişikliklerinin genellikle eğitim Şûralarında alınan kararlar yoluyla
gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Türkiye’de
tek parti döneminde3eğitim Şûrasının yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu Şûralarda
alınan kararların sadece kurumsal düzeyde değil, uygulama düzeyinde de etkili
olduğu ve parti politikasını yansıttığı görülmektedir. Tek Parti Dönemi’nde de Partinin
eğitim politikalarının oluşması üzerinde Şûraların önemli etkileri olmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Tek Parti
Dönemindeki Şûralarda alınan kararların Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin eğitim politikası üzerinde ne kadar
etkili olduğunu ve Parti ideolojisi ile etkileşimlerini incelemektir.
Araştırmanın araçlarını döneme ait resmî gazete, Şûra tutanakları, döneme ait
güncel gazetelerde çıkan haberler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın yöntemi yazılı
söylem analizi ve betimlemedir.