bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Authoritarianism and threat from terrorism: The impact of threat and frame manipulation on support for civil liberties
Authors: Dunn Kris , Deason Grace
Published: January 2024

An authoritarian predisposition is a values orientation concerned with the relative weighting of social conformity and individual autonomy values. This predisposition predicts attitudes and behaviors conditional on perceived threat to ingroup wellbeing. Perceived threat pushes the less authoritarian to adopt attitudes similar to those of the more authoritarian. This dynamic relationship has been previously demonstrated in a handful of cross-sectional and panel studies but has yet to be subjected to experimental manipulation. We conducted a survey experiment on a student sample in the U.S. that manipulated perceived threat and whether that threat was framed in terms of either individual autonomy values or social conformity values. We expected that authoritarianism and threat would interact to predict attitudes toward civil liberties and that framing the threat in terms of specific values would negate this interaction by reminding individuals of their predispositional value preference. The results of this experiment replicate previous findings on this dynamic relationship and provide evidence for our theoretical model: this dynamic results from threatened individuals reflexively and implicitly framing civil liberties issues in terms of social conformity values. Our findings suggest that reframing among the less authoritarian is preventable by reminding them of their preference for individual autonomy.
Prinsip Pemanfaatan Computer Aided Design dalam Perakitan Menggambar Teknik
Authors: Arza Ghazkar Raify
Published: January 2024

Computer Aided System (CAD) adalah program komputer untuk menggambar suatu produk atau bagian dari suatu produk. Produk yang ingin digambarkan dapat direpresentasikan dengan garis atau simbol yang mempunyai arti tertentu. CAD hadir dalam format gambar dua dimensi dan tiga dimensi. Perangkat lunak CAD, yang dimulai dengan menggantikan fungsi meja gambar, telah berevolusi untuk diintegrasikan ke dalam perangkat lunak Computer- Aided Engineering (CAE) dan Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM). CAD sangat berguna dalam membuat desain produk lebih cepat dibandingkan membuat desain secara manual.Dengan menggunakan CAD, Anda dapat meminimalkan kesalahan dalam proses pembuatan desain dan mengoptimalkan waktu dan biaya.
Corporate Governance and Board of Directors
Authors: Rahman Muni Arini
Published: January 2024

Sistem di mana perusahaan bisnis diarahkan dan dikendalikan untuk mencapai tujuannya, Menentukan distribusi hak dan tanggung jawab di antara anggota yang berbeda dalam korporasi, seperti dewan, manajer, pemegang saham, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya
Analytical Solution of Burgers Equation using Cole - Hopf Transformation: Part 1
Authors: Ghosh Sourangshu
Published: January 2024

Burger’s Equation is a fundamental partial differential equation from fluid mechanics. The equation is used to model various physical phenomena, particularly in the study of gas dynamics and traffic flow. In this 1st article of the 2 parts articles series, we derive the Analytical Solution of the Burgers Equation using the Cole - Hopf Transformation with the help of Heat Kernel.
MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION
Authors: RISMALIYANTI AJENG SRI
Published: January 2024

RESUME TERKAIT MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION
Innovative Entrepreneurship Characteristics that Affect the New Normal School Administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools Administrators
Authors: Songsiri Tassada , Nampradit Anusorn
Published: January 2024

The objectives of this research are to 1) investigate innovative entrepreneurship characteristics of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators. 2) inspect of new normal school administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators. 3) investigate innovative entrepreneurship characteristics that affect the new normal school administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators and 4) suggest methods to improve those innovative entrepreneurship characteristics that affect the new normal school administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators. The tools that were involved for this research include content synthesis tables, questionnaires and interview form. Statistics used in data analysis were percentage values, average values, standard deviations, correlation coefficients (Pearson Correlation) and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the research found that 1) innovative entrepreneurship characteristics of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators are found high overall. 2) the success the new normal school administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators is considered high overall. 3) innovative entrepreneurship characteristics are significantly found to affect the success of new normal school administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators R2 = .640 at 0.01 significance level. 4) Four factors that would affect the new normal school administration of Sarasas Affiliated Schools administrators are found which 5 approaches regarding risk-taking, 3 approaches to hunger for success, 4 approaches to self-confidence and 2 approaches to innovative thinking.
Recognizing diversity in wetlands and farming systems to support sustainable agriculture and conserve wetlands
Authors: van Dam Anne , Robertson Hugh , Prieler Roland , Dubey Asmita , Finlayson Colin
Published: January 2024

Agriculture is a main driver of global decline in wetlands, but in addressing its impact the diversity in agricultural production systems and their catchment interactions must be recognized. In this paper we review the impacts of food production systems on wetlands to seek a better understanding of agriculture-wetland interactions and identify options for increasing sustainability. Eight farming system types were defined based on natural resource use and farming intensity, and their impact on different wetland types assessed through their direct drivers of change. Indirect drivers (such as decision-making in food systems, markets, globalization and governance) were also summarized. Findings show that most inland wetlands are influenced by farming directly, through changes in water and nutrient supply and use of pesticides, or indirectly through catchment water, sediment and nutrient pathways. Coastal wetlands are mostly influenced indirectly. More sustainable food production can be achieved through continued protection of wetlands, improving efficiency in agricultural resource use generally (e.g. through conservation agriculture), but also through more integration within production systems (e.g. through crop-livestock-fish integration) or with wetlands (integrated wetland-agriculture), more support for small-scale producers, and a transformation towards balancing the provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services of wetland agroecosystems within catchments.
Prediction-comprehension bias: Successful prediction can promote an illusory sense of comprehension
Authors: Grüning David Joachim , Mata André Otelo Paraíba
Published: January 2024

We propose that individuals mistakenly interpret their success in predicting an event as an indication that they understand the underlying mechanism or process. In four experiments, we demonstrate this prediction-comprehension bias (PCB) and identify three factors that contribute to it: The feedback participants receive about their prediction accuracy (Experiment 1), the consistency with which an effect follows from a cause (Experiment 2), and the fluency of an observation brought about by its repetition (Experiment 3). In Experiment 4, we investigate an underlying mechanism: reverse inference. Respondents use the perceived validity of inferring prediction from comprehension (a reasonable inference) as an indicator that they can make the reverse inference (i.e., inferring comprehension from prediction, which is less reasonable).
Coping through Precise Labeling of Emotions: A Deep Learning Approach to Studying Emotional Granularity in Consumer Reviews
Authors: Faraji-Rad Ali , Tamaddoni Ali , Jebeli Atefeh
Published: January 2024

When describing their emotions, people may demonstrate emotional expertise by differentiating between emotions when using emotional labels or use emotion labels interchangeably to indicate a general valence. The authors develop a novel deep-learning-based method to measure the granularity with which people describe their emotions via language. They investigate the role of emotional granularity in consumer decision making, specifically in relation to coping with negative consumption experiences described in online reviews. Granularity in describing negative emotions is associated with more successful coping with negative experiences. Therefore, especially when the overall experience is negative, in which case coping is most relevant, greater granularity in describing negative emotions predicts more positive ratings of the business. Furthermore, in line with the view that the ability to granularly describe negative emotions is a skill, reviewers progressively become more granular when describing their negative emotions as they write more reviews. Consequently, reviewers progressively provide more positive ratings for negative experiences as they write more reviews. Finally, a greater temporal distance between the consumption experience and the writing of the review predicts greater granularity in describing negative emotions. Consequently, when the overall experience is negative and coping is relevant, a greater temporal distance predicts more positive ratings.
Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Season 2 Episode 1 Kelas 4DE
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: January 2024

Penilaian Pembelajaran Matematika Season 2 Episode 1 Kelas 4DE
Aini Zhafara
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: January 2024

Aini Zhafara cahaya Asia
Islamic Insights on Assisted Reproductive Technology: Navigating Sunni and Shi’a Perspectives
Authors: Shafi Saima
Published: January 2024

In recent decades, the issue of infertility has become a medical and social challenge. Couples facing infertility strive to address this issue by employing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). The application of these methods has sparked numerous religious, moral, and ethical concerns for various individuals, particularly among Muslims. Religion often assumes a central role in shaping the principles of assisted reproductive techniques. This study explores Islamic perspectives on contemporary assisted reproductive techniques.
Parliamentary Democracy: Mechanisms, Challenges, and the Quest for Effective Governance
Authors: Malik Ausaf Ahmad
Published: January 2024

Parliamentary democracy is a governance system where the executive branch derives legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislative branch. This system is characterized by the presence of a parliament that represents the will of the people and holds significant decision-making power. In this system, the Mechanisms include the election process, separation of powers, cabinet system, and parliamentary representation. In the Parliamentary form of government, Challenges encompass political instability, coalition politics, party polarization, and the risk of executive dominance and corruption. The quest for effective governance involves inclusive decision-making, strengthening institutions, electoral reforms, transparency, accountability, civic education, and adaptability to change. Navigating these dynamics is crucial for sustaining a parliamentary democracy that is responsive, accountable, and capable of meeting the diverse needs of its citizenry.
Features of anesthetic care for patients with cold urticaria (literature review)
Authors: Kravets O , Yekhalov V , Gorbuntsov V
Published: January 2024

Cold urticaria (CU) is an allergic reaction that manifests itself as hives-like rashes or red spots in response to general or local cooling of the body. Th e disease can be acquired or hereditary, and in the cold season it can affect all segments of the population. Th is pathological condition, at first glance, does not seem to be a very dangerous variant of a local cold injury, but in persons who are prone to exposure to low temperatures, especially with a burdened cold history, it may be accompanied by chronicity of the process and complicated by neurovasculitis, obliterating endarteritis and secondary Raynaud’s syndrome, may decrease the quality of life of the victims and become a cause of disability. The pathophysiology of CU is largely unknown, but it is likely to be related to immunoglobulin E (IgE) and mast cell activation. Cooling has been reported to induce the release of neutrophilic and eosinophilic chemotactic factors, prostaglandin D2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Less common immunologic fi ndings in patients with CU include cryoglobulinemia consisting of monoclonal IgG and mixed IgG/IgM and IgG/IgA cryoglobulin types. The mechanisms of development of CU are mainly determined by the formation of cryoglobulins (cold hemolysins) and subsequent degranulation of mast cells. Th e diagnosis of CU depends on the patient’s history and the results of cold provocation tests. Patients with CU are recommended first of all not to overcool, to take warm showers, to wear warm clothes and a hat, and not to consume cold food and drinks. Treatment options include second-generation H1 antihistamines and glucocorticosteroids. New promising option is omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody derived from a recombinant DNA molecule that targets and selectively binds to circulating IgE and affects mast cells function. In patients with CU undergoing general anesthesia, premedication including antihistamines and corticosteroids is recommended, along with strict maintenance of perioperative normotermia.
Pain management for multiple rib fractures: a narrative review
Authors: Harha Andrii , Harha Yaroslava , Dmytriiev Dmytro
Published: January 2024

Trauma is a leading cause of death in people younger than 40 years, and on the third place after cardiovascular and oncological disease overall. Chest trauma is a fi nding in up to 60 % of patients with multiple trauma and has a mortality rate as high as 20–25 %. Rib fractures are the most common fi ndings in patients with thoracic trauma with mortality rates among hospitalised patients between 10 and 22 %. The mortality rate is higher in elderly patients and patients with flail chest. The incidence of pneumonia in the elderly population with three to four and more than six rib fractures is 31 % and 51 %, respectively. Pain due to rib fractures is challenging to manage but effective analgesia reduces hypoventilation, promotes deep breathing, sufficient coughing, clearance of secretions, and better adherence to chest physiotherapy. Th erefore, high-quality analgesia is not only increasing patient comfort but also is very important in preventing complications and improving the outcome. Th e purpose of this review is to analyse the modern literature regarding pain management for a patient with rib fractures and extract the best evidence-based practice.
Regional Dynamics in Nigerian Politics: Voting in the 2023 Presidential Elections
Authors: Aminu Nasir , Adigun Olalekan Waheed , Zaman Asif
Published: January 2024

The analysis of Nigeria's recent election suggests that voter decisions, influenced by ethnic and religious ties, economic conditions, and elite messaging, signal a more mature electoral engagement. Since transitioning from military to civilian rule in 1999, Nigeria's democratic journey has been full of challenges, fuelled by political exploitation of ethnic and religious divides. In this paper, we examine the influence of anticipatory tribalism on voter alignment and party strategies in Nigeria following the 2023 elections. Focusing on four presidential candidates, including two who split from the main opposition, we analyse ethno-religious dynamics and elite messaging in Nigeria’s evolving multi-ethnic democracy. Our findings reveal how speculative ethnic narratives shape electoral behaviour and alliances in Nigeria’s evolving multi-ethnic democracy.
Educational Management Innovation by Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education
Authors: Siminto Siminto , Akib Akib , Hasmirati Hasmirati , Widianto Danang Sigit
Published: January 2024

Innovation in higher education is essential to align teaching with technological developments. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) offers great potential to improve education management in higher education through optimizing the teaching and learning process. This research aims to explore how the integration of artificial intelligence in education management can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of students' learning experience in higher education. The research method includes a comparative analysis between conventional education management systems and systems that utilize artificial intelligence, as well as the implementation of AI technology in the decision-making process in higher education. The results show that the application of artificial intelligence can improve the ability of prediction, data analysis, adaptation, and personalization in curriculum management, student performance evaluation, and the provision of learning resources tailored to individual needs. Artificial intelligence in education management in higher education has opened up various opportunities. Artificial intelligence enables personalization of learning. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence in administration has also improved the efficiency of resource management and administrative processes. The conclusion of this study states that the utilization of artificial intelligence in educational management in higher education can bring about positive changes. By effectively utilizing artificial intelligence technology, universities can improve students' learning experience and optimize administrative efficiency, better preparing students for future challenges. It can also manage education in higher education to create a more adaptive, responsive, and innovative learning environment, which in turn can improve the overall quality of higher education.
COMMUNICATION ASPECTS OF SPORT IN THE CONTEXT OF SAMBO: BASICS OF ATHLETE RECRUITMENT AND DYNAMICS OF THE FEDERATION’S COMMUNICATION DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zholdasbay Assan
Published: January 2024

Sambo is a martial art whose popularity is growing every year. Therefore, it is important to encourage and recruit potential sambo players for the further development of the sport. A prerequisite is the establishment of communication links to improve existing communication strategies implemented by sambo federations. This is the reason for the relevance of the study, in order to improve the recruitment of athletes and thereby contribute to bringing sambo to a new level using the research findings and recommendations. That is why, in view of all the above, the purpose of this research is to analyse the communication aspect of sambo, identify the main aspects of athlete recruitment and a detailed analysis of the factors that influence the effectiveness of current communication strategies for recruitment; characterise the dynamics of communication of federations and identify successful communication practices; identify the features of the correlation between effective communication and the success of recruitment processes. It is also important to analyse the potential impact of improved communication on the growth and development of sambo. The final question is to provide practical suggestions for improving communication during the recruitment of athletes based on the findings. To achieve this purpose, a number of scientific methods were used, including the general philosophical method, methods of system analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction and induction, and the dialectical method. As a result, we have obtained scientifically significant conclusions and developed practical recommendations for improving communication skills in terms of implementing effective strategies and recruiting.
FEATURES OF ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF MANAGEMENT PROCESSES IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
Authors: Мedvedenko Nadiia , Мedvedenko Oleh
Published: January 2024

In this work, the author attempted to reveal the importance of management issues in various spheres of activity and the peculiarities of management in the law enforcement sphere. A look at the origin and development of a scientific approach to the management process is given. The complexity, multi-component, and dynamism of the social management system, which is determined by the characteristics and nature of its components, is emphasized. The above determines the use of a system approach that is optimally suited for the analysis and research of complex objects and relationships, taking into account ara large number of dynamic variables. The author noted that in the field of law enforcement, a number of factors and conditions must be constantly analyzed to forecast changes, develop the external environment, and ensure the effective operation of relevant bodies. This emphasizes the importance and necessity of using analysis both in the activities of law enforcement agencies and in the management processes of this area. Its indisputable importance for strategic management and ensuring long-term effective activity of law enforcement agencies is emphasized. The peculiarities of the application of SWOT analysis, which allows to investigate of the impact of external and internal factors on the object, taking into account its weaknesses and strengths, are revealed. Modeling is considered an important component of system analysis and a general scientific management method. Attention is paid to the specifics of the use of this method when the model acts as a scientific tool and a means of scientific knowledge. The author paid attention to the types of models, their purpose, and features of application in management processes.
CIVILIAN HOSTAGE LEGAL PROTECTION IN TIMES OF WAR: PURSUING EFFECTIVE TOOLS TO ENSURE THEIR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
Authors: Bohdan Yulia , Kalynovskyi Oleksandr , Shchur Sofiya
Published: January 2024

This article explores the issue of legal protection for civilian hostages in times of war. The authors of the article set out to answer the question of whether effective instruments for safeguarding the rights and freedoms of this specific category of citizens can exist. The study delves into the procedural differences and challenges inherent in the legal protection of civilian hostages, which deviates significantly from the conventional mechanisms of citizen legal protection. In the article, the authors present arguments suggesting that the establishment of specialized legal clinics is one of the effective instruments to ensure the constitutional rights and freedoms of civilian hostages. However, such initiatives should be undertaken in collaboration with civil organizations specializing in matters related to this category. Furthermore, another crucial tool for their protection lies in seeking assistance from international human rights institutions and actively working towards their release from captivity. The authors conclude that this comprehensive approach constitutes an effective system for the legal protection of civilian hostages in times of war.
Lost-Phase and Short-Circuit Impacts on Electrical Network Managed by a Dual IPCs 30P15
Authors: Onana Essama Bedel Giscard , Ngo Bisse Jacquie Therese , Koko Koko Joseph , Atangana Jacques , Ndjakomo Essiane Salome
Published: January 2024

This work evaluates the impact of short-circuit and the phase-lost in a particular transmission network located in south division in Cameroon (Central Africa). This network is precisely located between two towns called Songloulou and Logbaba (douala Town). The chosen network is modelled in Matlab Simulink software. Further, the network currents and voltages undergo non periodical distortions when short-circuit and phase lost come into play. Those distortions are deleted when dual controllers’ system is introduced and the network is stabilized. It appears that dual IPCs (interphase power controllers) present good results. However, the dual system which is a combination of two IPCs improves the network stability. The investigation of dual IPCs’ system uses the phase shift method.
EDUCATIONAL FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Zaporizhzhia National University, Cherep Alla , Cherep Oleksandr ,   Zaporizhzhia National University, Budko Danylo ,   Zaporizhzhia National University
Published: January 2024

This article is devoted to the study of educational factors as an indicator of the development of intellectual capital of enterprises. Starting with the analysis of current economic and technological trends, the article identifies the role of education that is becoming more and more strategic for sustainable business development in the global environment. Particular attention is paid to the study of the interaction between enterprises and higher education institutions, revealing important aspects that affect the formation of intellectual capital. Conducted analysis of negative trends and problems in the education system, their impact on the intellectual capital of enterprises is determined. Important challenges, such as the instability of educational programs, the lack of effective interaction and strategic cooperation, are highlighted. On the basis of this analysis, innovative strategies and practices that can improve the use of educational potential to stimulate the intellectual development of enterprises have been identified. Promising solutions to these problems to ensure the maximum use of intellectual capital of enterprises are indicated. Keywords: intellectual capital, human capital, structural capital, educational process, intellectual property
Post-Method Perspective in Tertiary Education in Morocco
Authors: Moulay Abderrahman Sidi Hida  , Khadija Sekkal
Published: January 2024

Kumaravadivelu’s seminal work on post-method pedagogy (1994, 2001, 2003, 2006) has signaled a pressing need to break away from conventional methods of language teaching and, in the meantime, announced the dawning of the post-method era. The latter has suggested pedagogic parameters and macro-strategies to place the ELT profession on a new trajectory. Within this scope, it has become a requisite to investigate this perceptual shift in the Moroccan teaching environment. The present research thus aimed to determine whether English language instructors in tertiary education subscribe to the post-method pedagogy or still rely on established methods. To verify the claim, the practicality and useability of macro-strategies were put to the test. 123 English language instructors from 12 Moroccan public universities willingly accepted to respond to an online survey questionnaire. It has been shown that over half of the participants adhered to the post-method pedagogy. Upon testing the influence of macro-strategies on the pedagogical decisions of instructors, the percentage massively upsurged. That was a key indicator for the transition into the post-method framework in some public universities. This represents ample evidence for the existence of the post-method perspective in tertiary education in Morocco.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial potential of Methanol root Extract of Kigelia africana (Sausage tree)
Authors: Muhammad Abdu Abdullahi , Said Said Sani , Ahmad Ali
Published: January 2024

Kigelia africana popularly known as the cucumber or sausage tree that possesses medicinal and traditional uses like anticancer, antiulcer, anti-aging, antioxidant, and anti-malarial activity.This study aimed to investigate GCMS, FTIR, Antioxidant and Antibacterial properties of methanolic root extract of Kigeliaafricana.The antioxidant activity of root extracts of Kigelia was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay, Reducing power (PR) assay, Ferric Reducing Power assay and Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assay. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard antioxidant. GCMS analysis reveals the presence of 9-Octadecanoic acid (z)-methyl ester while theFTIR spectral analysis identify some functional group such as hydroxyl group, Carboxyl group, methyl group, carbonyl group, amino group, and phosphate group.         In vitro antibacterialactivityof the extracts wastestedagainst4bacterialstrains viz; Staphylococccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp.The highest antibacterial activity was found against Staphylococcus aureus then followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli. The extract showed much higher scavenging activity against DPPH and with most reducing power against ferric cyanide. This study reveals the potency of the root of K. africana to be used as a good natural source for antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
From The Desk of Editor In Chief Vol. 7(1)
Authors: Majumder Md Mahabubul Islam
Published: January 2024

Abstract not availabe 
Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 02
Premalignant and Malignant Esophageal Lesions in Bangladeshi Patients-A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sultana Shifayat , Sweety Rumana Afrin , Zhumur Mahbuba , Islam Md Ariful , Jahra Fatima Tuj , Dewan Rezaul Karim
Published: January 2024

Background: In Bangladesh esophageal carcinoma is the leading malignant condition. Mortality rate of esophageal cancer is very high. Like other malignancies, early detection offers the best prognosis for esophageal carcinoma. Regular endoscopic and histologic surveillance have become standard procedure for follow up of patients with premalignant lesions.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and pattern of esophageal lesions with respect to age and sex groups and to determine the trends of histology, site distribution and risk factors of it.
Methods: This study was a cross sectional study, carried out at the department of Pathology in Dhaka Medical College and Hospital from March 2018 to February 2020. Total 54 cases of esophageal biopsy were included in this study. All obtained samples were selected for routine histopathological study.
Results: Most of the patients were male and mean age was 55.04 (±15.48) years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy seen in (26 cases) 48.15 % of patients and Barrett’s esophagus was common (13 cases, 24.07%) premalignant lesion. Maximum malignant and premalignant lesions (40 cases, 74.07%) were located in lower thoracic region of esophagus including gastro esophageal junction. Dysphagia was the main presenting complain in 96.3% of patients and 55.6% of patients were smoker.
Conclusion: Barrett’s esophagus was the common premalignant lesion and squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest esophageal carcinoma followed by adenocarcinoma.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 20-25
Knowledge, Attitude and Exposure to Secondhand Smoking Among Women in Rural Setting
Authors: Chowdhury Ayesha Mahzabin , Lima Fatema Akter , Alam Md Hasibul , Chowdhury Nafisa Marzan , Pervin Shanaz , Hossain Md Anwar
Published: January 2024

Background: Secondhand smoking (SHS) is a major public health problem of our country because the people of Bangladesh are highly exposed to it due to high prevalence of smoking.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and exposure to secondhand smoking among women in rural setting.

Methods: The cross- sectional study is conducted over 3 months (September 2022 to November 2022) among 383 women of reproductive age (15-49) in Uttar Rampur village under Sadar South Upazilla in Cumilla district. Women having any physical & psychological disorder are excluded. Participants are selected by convenient sampling technique; data are collected by face to face interviewing with a semi-structured questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and exposure to secondhand smoking. Data are analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants is31.57±7.582 where majority (44.1%) of the participants are in the age group 25-34 years; most of them are Muslims (95.6%) and housewives(87.2%) and 27.2% has secondary education. Regarding knowledge about SHS, majority (67.6%) of the participants are aware of SHS. Among them 37.6% recognize marketplace as a source of SHS and 29.5% tell lung disease as health consequence of SHS. About attitude towards SHS, almost all (98.5%) the participants support that smoking should be completely banned in all places, 88.4% tell about right to ask other people not to smoke, 87.3% tell about presence of SHS encourages young peopleto begin to smoke and 79.2% tell about allowing SHS athome discourages smoking from quitting. Regarding exposure to SHS, most of them are exposed (95.0%)  and 46.7% are exposed daily. 53.6% are exposed from husband and manufactured tobacco is widely exposed type (69.5%).

Conclusion: Awareness should be raised through national wide educational program to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke and enhancement of self-efficiency to avoid secondhand smoking.

Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 26-31
Unveiling the Burden of Osteoporosis: Exploring the Prevalence and Risk Factors among Postmenopausal Women in North Central Bangladesh.
Authors: Kha Md Salehin , Kibria Md Golam , Hossain Farhana , Ferdous Jannatul , Shihab Hossain Mohammad , Faisal Shah Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background: Osteoporosis affects 30% of women globally between the ages of 40 and 50. This disease is among the top causes of death and disability among the elderly. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of primary osteoporosis and poor bone density in postmenopausal women, as well as their socio demographic, obstetric, and lifestyle risk factors.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate at the prevalence of osteoporosis and the risk factors linked with it in postmenopausal women.
Methods: The present prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on postmenopausal women who visited orthopedics, gynecology, and medicine outpatient departments between August 2022 and March 2023; 539 women aged 45 to 80 years with verified menopause were recruited. The final recommendation was for 539 women to have bone mineral density testing utilizing dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Socio-individual, obstetric-medical, short-form physical activity, and anthropometric questionnaires were administered. Chi-square and Student's t-tests were applied to categorical and continuous data, respectively, to assess the differences between the groups. In SPSS 26, P<0.05 was regarded to indicate significant connections.
Results: In our study, 38.0% of participants were between56 and 60 years of age. The majority of the individuals (51.9%) were illiterate. 37.7% of respondents reported having six or more children. 3.6% of the sample smoked or chewed tobacco. 61.0 percent of individuals had menopause after the age of 45, and 48.8% of subjects had experienced menopause for more than ten years at the time of enrollment in the research. 83.5% of postmenopausal women were affected by osteoporotic fractures (osteoporosis: 40.0% and osteopenia: 43.5%). The incidence of osteoporosis rose as parity and abortion rates increased. The prevalence of osteoporosis was greater (P< 0.05) among those with a familial history of osteoporosis-related symptoms and fragility fracture, as well as a personal history of fragility fracture.
Conclusion: Given the significant prevalence of primary osteoporosis and poor bone density in postmenopausal women, health education is essential for minimizing modifiable risk factors and mitigating the disease's consequences. 
Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 32-40
Evaluation the role of supplementation of oral zinc on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Khan Sharmin , Rana Md Saiful Ahsan , Haque Mohammad Fazlul , Tanni Shomia Farid , Tabassum Sabira
Published: January 2024

Background: Zinc is an important trace element and a potent antioxidant. Its deficiency causes a common comorbidity with numerous chronic diseases including hypertension and diabetes mellitus, associated with development and progression of various complications.
Objective: The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients.
Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka between January 2016 to December 2016. In this study, a total number of 46 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes were selected with age ranging from 40 to 55 years. Among them, 26 type 2 diabetic patients with supplementation of oral zinc (40mg/day) for 12 weeks were considered as study group (Group B). Another 25 age matched type 2 diabetic patients without supplementation of oral zinc were considered as control group (Group A) for comparison. All subjects were selected from Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their blood pressure (BP) was measured and serum zinc level was estimated by Spectrophotometric method accordingly. These parameters were studied 2 times in all subjects of control and study groups i.e. at the beginning of study (base line) and after 12 weeks of study period. Data were collected in pre-designed structured questionnaire form by the researcher herself. For statistical analysis, paired Student’s ‘t’ test and unpaired Student’s ‘t’ test were performed as applicable using SPSS for windows version 22.0.
Results: In this study, after zinc supplementation resulted in a significant (p<0.001) decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in study group but there was no significant change observed in control group.
Conclusions: After analyzing the results of the study, it can be concluded that oral zinc supplementation can be useful for improving blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. 
Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 41-46
Exploring the Prevalence, Risk Factors and Association with Physical Activity of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Patients Attending a Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Gazipur Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kha Md Salehin , Kibria Md Golam , Hossain Farhana , Ferdous Jannatul , Shihab Hossain Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders encompass a range of strain-related conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system. Physical activity has been recognized as a protective factor against numerous disabling diseases, including musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and investigate its correlation with physical activity in the context of Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a robust methodology involving the use of standardized questionnaires to assess physical activity levels and musculoskeletal symptoms among 430 patients attending outpatient departments at Gazipur City Medical College. The study period spanned from December 2022 to March 2023, facilitating the collection of valuable data for analyzing the relationship between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders in this specific population.
Results: The study included 430 individuals, with a fairly equal distribution between males (41.9%) and females (58.1%). The majority fell within the 31-40 age range (34.9%). About 42.0% were overweight, while 39.0% had a normal weight. Urban residents constituted 69.8%, and the predominant occupational groups were office workers (23.3%) and garments workers (27.9%). Approximately 60.5% reported co-morbidities, and sedentary behavior was prevalent (70.0% sat for <4 hours). Lower back pain (52.56%) and knee pain (64.19%) were most commonly reported, impacting work for 32.89% and 46.71% of individuals, respectively. Significant associations were found between physical activity level and pain in multiple body regions. Lower physical activity levels were associated with a higher prevalence of pain. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting higher physical activity levels to reduce musculoskeletal pain.
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and their impact on work among individuals attending outpatient departments. Promoting higher physical activity levels is crucial for reducing musculoskeletal pain and improving occupational outcomes
Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 47-56
Effect of different planting density of sunflower varieties on yield and yield attributing characters in rice-rice-sunflower cropping pattern
Authors: Nowrose Jahan Lipi  , Muhammad Maniruzzaman
Published: January 2024

The experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Experimental Field of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali in order to evaluate the effect of sowing date and planting density on the yield and yield contributing characters of sunflower varieties. The experiment comprised of two varieties viz. BARI Sunflower2 and Hysun33 and six planting densities viz. 40cm×25cm, 40cm×35cm, 40cm×45cm, 50cm×25cm, 50cm×35cm, 50cm×45cm. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications, where the variety was assigned in the main plot and planting density was assigned as sub-plot treatment. Planting density had a significant influence on all the characteristics of morphological growth, yield, and yield contributing character except plant height at 75 DAS and 90 DAS. In case of  Hysun33 variety,  the highest number of leaves (21.89), leaf area (3214.22 cm2), head diameter (19.27 cm), head weight (539.07 gm), number of seed head-1 (973.33), seed weight head-1 (65.89 gm), thousand seed weight (67.73 gm), total seed yield (3.27 tha-1) and harvest index (34.30 %) was obtained from 50 cm × 45 cm planting density. On the other hand, in case of  BARI Sunflower2 variety the highest number of leaves (18.44), leaf area (3342.90 cm2), head diameter (18.73 cm), head weight (457.80 gm), number of seed head-1 (832.17), seed weight head-1 (53.39 gm), thousand seed weight (64.07 gm) was obtained from 50 cm × 45 cm planting density and the highest stover yield (8.04 tha-1) and biological yield (10.73 tha-1)  were obtained from 40 cm × 25 cm planting density.  The highest total seed yield (2.94 tha-1) was obtained from 50 cm × 25 cm (8 plants m-2) planting density.
Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 229-235
Evaluation of Some HYV Boro Rice Varieties for Drought Tolerance Based on Morpho-Biochemical Traits
Authors: Md Sohel Rana  , Md Abdul Wahed Khan  , Shah Tasdika Auyon  , Mohammad Amdadul Hoque  , Kazi Rifat Shahrin  , Md Nuruzzaman  , Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan  , Sharif Ar Raffi
Published: January 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the drought tolerance in selected boro rice varieties in pots at the Farm Research Laboratory of Dept. Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in Rabi season of 2014-2015. In this experiment, drought was induced by manipulating the field capacity (30-35% FC as drought, 95-100% FC as control) and moisture content of the soil in the pot. Drought treatment was started 36 days after transplanting and continued till harvest. The work was comprised based on several morphological and biochemical approaches viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, no of total tillers hill-1, no of effective tiller hill-1, days to maturity, no of filled grains panicle-1, no of unfilled grains panicle-1, grain panicle-1, 100 seed weight, grain yield panicle-1, yield hill-1, spikelet fertility, proline and L-ascorbic acid were found to be changed significantly in drought stress as compared to the control. In drought conditions, the highest yield performance was showed in BRRI dhan29 by changing 33.11% compared to its control. Due to drought induction proline accumulation was significantly upregulated by 2.53 and 2.10 folds in BRRI dhan36 and BINA dhan5, respectively and L-ascorbic acid was decreased lowest in BINA dhan10, BRRI dhan50, and BRRI dhan29 by 27.29%, 41.31%, and 43.91%, respectively. This study produced substantial information about the drought tolerance status of the selected boro rice varieties, and therefore, can be an aid for any future attempt to improve the drought tolerance of the studied varieties.
Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 247-258
Development of Two Tossa Jute Mutants for Higher Fiber Yield Through Mutation Breeding
Authors: Sakina Khanam  , Md Shamiul Haque  , Md Mahmud Al Noor  , Nusrat Binta Atiq  , Md Abul Kalam Azad
Published: January 2024

The demand for jute fiber is increasing instead of synthetic fiber nowadays. Developing an early and high fiber-yielding tossa jute line is the main breeding objective of jute growing areas including Bangladesh. To fulfill that objective, the existing cultivar JRO-524 was irradiated with five (700, 800, 900, and 1000 gy) doses of gamma-ray.  A total of 25 M3 plants were first selected from bulked M2 plants. Two years of replicated yield trial experiments were conducted in different locations in Bangladesh. Among them, two mutants BJM-10-1-3 and BJM-10-1-5 were selected for higher fiber and stick yield. The selected mutants BJM-10-1-3 and BJM-10-1-5 showed 4% to 6% higher yield than their parent JRO-524. The mutant line BJM-10-1-5 showed higher fiber percentage (34.04%), fiber fitness (2.65%), and fiber brightness (44.15%). These two mutants have been under participatory varietal trial (PVT) for evaluation to release a tossa jute variety. These lines will play a vital role in reducing the seed import of variety JRO-524 from India.
Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 259-268
Economic Losses in the Traditional Honey Production System in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Dirriba Mengistu
Published: January 2024

In Ethiopia, traditional beekeeping systems with low productivity and quality predominate in the beekeeping industry, which contributes only less than 1.3% of Ethiopia's agricultural GDP. Despite government extension services, farmers resist adapting to the improved technology due to high prices and accessibility. Hence, this study was conducted to estimate the amount of economic loss due to the use of traditional technology using 165 randomly selected beekeepers in three purposefully selected zones in the Oromia regional state in Ethiopia. The study found that about 83% of the respondents have been relying on traditional beehives for both honey and colony survival. However, the traditional beehive production system is associated with lower productivity, lower quality, higher post-harvest losses, and lower income rewards. In practice, most MFH[1] and KTB[2] hives are managed nearby homes, whereas 63% of traditional hives are fixed on trees in the forest or nearby homes. This causes the beekeepers to harvest only once from traditional beehives, which also contributes to colony loss and a lower honey harvest. With this practice, the beekeepers in regions, in general, lose about 15 billion ETB[3] annually due to lower productivity of the technologies, traditional beehives, and colony losses. Thus, the region can recover these losses through better management and less reliance on conventional beehives.
Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 285-292