bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecast and Management of the State of the Mountain Range
Authors: Gorbunova N , Mirkushov O
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the safety issues of geomechanical processes in the joint development of oil and potassium salts. The problem is solved by the finite element method. To predict changes in the stress-strain state of a rock mass in the mining area, a method has been developed for calculating the values of rock deflection and reference pressure. On the territory of the Berezniki and Solikamsk districts there are huge areas and valuable salt deposits, and under them - oil fields of industrial importance. Such joint development is unique, and geomechanical processes in this matter are poorly understood. To ensure the safety of mining operations, as well as the safety of ground structures in these conditions, it is necessary to know the stress-strain state of the rock massif and the nature of the manifestation of the movement process during the joint development of oil and potash deposits. Over the ever-increasing excavation space, there is a deflection of rock layers with subsequent subsidence, which both positively and negatively affects the technological processes of production.
Environmental Compliance and Nutritional Value of Yakutian Cattle Products
Authors: Popov R G , Popova N V
Published: February 2022

Due to the increasing anthropogenic pollution of the environment, the environmental compliance of agricultural and livestock products becomes increasingly important. This study discusses the materials on pollutant content in the Yakutian cattle products and includes the assessment of the nutritional value of meat and milk. The research objective is to determine the content of toxic metals, microelements, and the nutritional value of meat and milk of Yakutian cattle bred in Yakutia. Research methods. Sample material was analyzed for the content of toxic metals and microelements using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Milk productivity indicators and organoleptic properties of meat were determined by conventional methods. Results. The average value of lead content in meat was determined amounting to 0.1736±0.0076 mg/kg, mercury — 0.0156±0.0012 mg/kg, arsenic — 0.006±0.0007 mg/kg. No cadmium was not found in meat. Relatively high content of toxic metals was detected in liver. The content of microelements (Zn, Cu, Fe) satisfies regulatory requirements. Relatively high content of copper (83.3076±0.2342 mg/kg) and iron (97.4148±0.4412 mg/kg) was detected in liver. Conclusions. Analysis of research results showed that the average values of toxic metals content (mg/kg) (Pb, Cd, Hg, As) in meat and liver satisfy the regulatory requirements. Yakutian cattle meat contains a balanced full range of amino acids and is suitable for the production of high-quality meat products. Yakutian cattle milk has high fat content varying on average from 5.04% to 5.46%.
Reducing the Anthropogenic Impact of Natural Risks on Small Rivers in the South of Russia
Authors: Bandurin M A , Rudenko A A , Bandurina I P , Prikhodko I A
Published: February 2022

The rapid development of society, increase in the population, land urbanization, growth of human economic activity contribute to the involvement in economic turnover of an increasing number of natural resources, the main part of which is water. Along with the depletion of water bodies, their pollution is also intensively occurring. The analysis of ecological state of basins of small rivers in the South of Russia shows a constant increase in the emission of pollutants into their channels. On the territory of Rostov region there are 5.572 rivers with a total length of 36.064 km. 90 % of rivers of Rostov region are less than 10 km long. On average, a local runoff in the amount of 3.36 billion m3 is formed on the territory of Rostov region per year. Increased anthropogenic activity leads to the disruption of functioning and stability of natural systems, which has a significant impact on small rivers, which are the most common elements of the hydrographic network. About 30 % of urban and about 90 % of rural population live in catchments of small rivers, while the greatest density is observed in the immediate vicinity of water banks. Small rivers significantly affect the hydrological, biological and biochemical regime of landscapes, maintaining the balance and redistribution of moisture and are important for water supply of the population.
Key Profitability Factors for Strategic Alliances in Shipping Industry
Authors: Rusinov I , Ouami A
Published: February 2022

International alliances (or strategic alliances) are combinations of global agreements between linear shipping companies. These agreements were signed in the mid-1990-es, and they include ocean carriers operating the main global routes. Alliances became a crucial phenomenon in shipping in the last few decades. In the past, the cooperation of linear shipping companies stipulated the coordination of prices and volumes. In the last two decades, global alliances of competing companies appear that distribute vessels to increase their operational efficiency and expand service areas. The character of these alliances changed over this period as described in this article. Besides, the authors formulated hypotheses that justify the key determinants impacting the success and efficiency of shipping company alliances. They also provide the results of reliability studies for the data impacting alliance efficiencies, such as the cross-company coordination, organizational training, alliance costs, its duration, and company size.
Analysis of Impact of Urbanization Development on the Deterioration of Ecological State of Rivers
Authors: Bandurin M A , Prikhodko I A , Bandurina I P , Rudenko A A
Published: February 2022

The peculiarity of small rivers is the dependence of erosion-accumulative processes in their beds on the intensity of soil erosion in the catchment area: the smaller the river, the greater the contact with the catchment area of its channel, where mineral particles, washed off from its area, directly enter it. Soil erosion leads to the entry of an excessive amount of them into the channel of a small river, as a result of which sediment accumulation begins in it, siltation of the channel occurs. It leads to changes in the water regime of small rivers - a decrease in inter-soil runoff (up to the drying up of rivers), a sharp reduction in underground power supply. In the humid zone, due to the high water content, the siltation of small rivers is poorly expressed and has a local character. Siltation of small rivers is especially characteristic for the forest-steppe and steppe zones, as well as for the south of the forest zone. In the steppe zone of the European part of Russia, as a result of siltation, rivers of the first order completely disappeared, up to the fourth (up to 40-50 km long), leading to a total reduction of the river network by up to 30 %. In the forest zone, due to the disappearance of sources, the number of rivers of the first and second orders (up to 20 km long) decreased by 2.2 times. During the agricultural period (about 300 years), a layer of sediment with a thickness of 0.5 to 1 m accumulated in the beds and floodplains of small rivers in the southern half of the European part. The erosion of small riverbeds reaches on average only 20 % of washed off products, which is about 60 % of the total river sediment runoff. The rate of siltation of small rivers in the Don basin is 6-12 mm / year with a length of up to 25 km and about 1 mm/year with a length of 100 km and above. Siltation of small rivers is not typical for regions where the soil is washed away by meltwater, since the maximum flow of sediment into the rivers coincides with high water, when the channel-forming activity of water flows is most active.
Improving the Forecast of the Effectiveness of Reclamation Measures to Reduce Food Security Risks
Authors: Dolobeshkin E V , Gumbarov A D , Bandurin M A
Published: February 2022

The analysis of the current state and prospects for implementation of the integrated land reclamation program in Krasnodar Territory is one of the main tasks in the development of the agro-industrial complex to reduce the risks of industrial safety in the region. The article pays special attention to the crucial importance of the agro-industrial complex of the region in supporting and ensuring food security of the country on the example of Krasnodar Territory, since the Southern region makes a great contribution to the formation and development of the agro-industrial complex of the country. In accordance with the documents of the Program, Krasnodar Territory is a key element in the creation of the “main food base of the country” on the territory of the Southern Federal District on the basis of the formation of a national mega cluster of the agro-industrial complex. The article also pays special attention to the problematic aspects and difficulties in the practice of creating and operating a reclamation complex in the regions of Southern Russia. Taking into account the accumulated experience, the key components of the integrated land reclamation of Krasnodar Territory are identified, providing for improvement of physical and physical-chemical properties of soils through the use of modern irrigation technologies, introduction of new methods for removing excess water during the growing season and expansion of the use of progressive methods of anti-erosion land reclamation. Forecasting the effectiveness of the use of complex land reclamation in the conditions of Krasnodar Territory should show its feasibility and necessity. Thanks to the implementation of comprehensive measures, it is possible to reduce soil degradation, increase the effectiveness of drainage systems, as well as irrigation in general, and ultimately get a positive economic effect. An example of such an economic approach to agricultural lands of Kuban can be the improvement of the overall organic and chemical state of soils, which is mainly reflected in an increase in the gross harvest of agricultural crops.
Sources and Forms of Metals Accumulation in Coal-Bearing Deposits of the Southern Primorye: Validation of the “Granite-Water” Model
Authors: Tarasenko I A , Chekryzhov I Yu , Zin’kov A V , Kholodov A S
Published: February 2022

The work deals with the role of Paleozoic granites as possible sources of metals in coals. The process of dissolution and transfer of metals in the system “granite-water” was modeled. It is shown that the scale of accumulation of ore matter in water depends on the duration of interaction between water and rock. As a result of physical and chemical modeling, the probable set of migration forms of components and their transformations were calculated. The results of modeling indicate in favor of the assumption that the studied leucocratic granites of the pre-Cenozoic basement could be a source of metals concentrated in the coals of the Rakovka depression.
Criteria of Assessing the Current State of the Kuban River Geosystem
Authors: Dolobeshkin E V , Gumbarov A D , Shishkin A S , Kosenko O O
Published: February 2022

In the current state, delta geosystems should be considered from the standpoint of “sustainable” development. Therefore, the assessment of the current state of a natural object consists of analyzing changes in its basic properties and taking into account its features (the presence of zonal and azonal elements) that occur under the influence of anthropogenic human activity. Such an analysis should include the following types of criteria: criterion showing the nature of the “openness” of the geosystem (environmental factors); criterion reflecting the dynamics of changes in the supply and outflow of water into the geosystem; criterion describing the water exchange and ion exchange of coastal estuaries with the sea, and hydrochemical regime; criterion characterizing the ecological state of the geosystem (biomass stock). The results indicate that fundamental properties of the geosystem are characterized by the openness of the geosystem and azonal elements. When passing the analysis and expert assessment of the current state of the natural environment in the economic use of this territory, it is necessary to pay special attention to changes in the degree of openness (river flow), changes in the structure of the geosystem (landsliding and agricultural development of land).
Algorithm for a Forecast Assessment of Negative Changes in Underground Water in the Territory of Non-Centralized Water Supply
Authors: Romanov R V , Kuzichkin O R , Vasiliev G S
Published: February 2022

The water quality of non-centralized water supply sources largely depends on the presence of active karst processes. Underground waters of karst origin are a vulnerable component of the geological environment to the influence of modern anthropogenic factors that violate natural hydrogeological and geoecological conditions. One of the indicators of the development of karst processes is the level of river runoff and mineralization of underground water. The results of the analysis of these data make it possible to increase the efficiency of geoecological monitoring systems and to increase the accuracy of forecast estimates of negative changes in groundwater in the territory of non-centralized water supply. When processing heterogeneous spatial data, it is proposed to identify anomalous deviations of parameters. An algorithm has been developed that determines the critical states of karst water vulnerability indicators. A system of equations has been compiled to find the necessary value of the indicators of vulnerability of karst waters, at which the state of underground water passes into a critical state. The paper analyzes data on the salt content and electrical conductivity of groundwater at key points and the number of karst dips. Preliminary hydrogeological work was carried out to determine the conditions of movement of karst waters associated with the lithological heterogeneity of the massif and the degree of karst formation. The results obtained can be used to improve the regional model for assessing the resources of vulnerability and protection of groundwater and forecast the activation of destructive karst processes.
Geological Monuments of Transnistria: Types, State, Economic Use
Authors: Sukhinin S A
Published: February 2022

Geological monuments are a special type of natural monuments that reflect the features of the geological structure of the territory and the peculiarities of the occurrence of layers of the earth’s crust, the composition of rocks and minerals. In the relief geological monuments are expressed by various geomorphological objects and rock outcrops. The presence in them of unique remains of fossil flora and fauna gives particular value to geological monuments. The territory of Transnistria as a region on the left bank of the Dniester within the Republic of Moldova has the peculiarity of geological monuments. This territory mainly has a flat relief character, but in the north of Transnistria, the spurs of the Podolsk Upland have created here rocky forms, similar in manifestation features to the mountainous terrain. These features determined the presence in the region of a number of specific geological monuments that require identification, analysis and systematic monitoring of their qualitative state and changes under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors.
Studying and Developing Fraction Technologies for Seed Separation Using Pneumatic Table Separators
Authors: Drincha V M , Dondokov Y Z
Published: February 2022

This article considers the development of fraction seed separation technologies using pneumatic table separators (PTS). The authors studied the physical and mechanical properties of wheat seeds including their density, dimensions, individual seed weight, friction coefficients, suspension velocity, and the form factor. The authors found some correlations for seed separation parameters using PTS. It was established that PTS separate seeds based on a set of properties, the most important of which is the seed density. The authors established that the efficient separation of difficult-to-separate seed mixes on a PTS requires separating the material before feeding it into the PTS into two equal factions based on the seed length and using the trieur cylinder. Each of the fractions should be processed independently. By creating seed mixes with more homogeneous seed lengths, it is possible to improve the separation efficiency for the mixes that are difficult to separate by 8-15% on average.
Digital Development of Agrarian Production - Institutional Approach
Authors: Zolkin A L , Matvienko E V , Suchkov D K , Shamina S V
Published: February 2022

The article assesses the digital transformation in relation to agriculture, especially on the basis of the technological diversity of agricultural production and crops and the associated diversity and labour intensity of production processes. The agri-industrial complex, always was a complex socio-economic system. It shall be recognized as the main and very important element of the national economy of the country, the main goals of the functioning of the complex are meeting the needs of the population in food and consumer goods from agricultural raw materials - grain, cheese, meat, butter, flour; it is necessary to create a food reserve that will ensure the country’s food security for years; ensuring the efficiency of the agri-industrial system and various structures; meeting the economic and social needs of agricultural workers. It is important to develop the agricultural sector and this is the key to the prosperity of the economy of any state in the long term perspective. This is due to the consistently high demand for agricultural products. In each country, the agricultural sector of the economy is developed at different rates. Agriculture in Russia has already experienced a recession and is slowly improving its position.
Structural Concept Features of Suspended Structures for Seismic Areas
Authors: Belash T A , Svitlik I V
Published: February 2022

The key task of the building design is the comprehensive elimination of hazards arising from various impacts on buildings, including seismic ones. Recently, new structural systems have been developed to ensure the earthquake resistance of buildings, as well as the already known ones are being improved. One of the types of structural systems that can be used in seismically active areas are buildings with suspended structures. There are many design solutions for buildings with suspended structures that differ in the type of supporting structure, suspension system and geometric shape. The possibility of using suspended structures under dynamic influences is explained by a load decrease in the load-bearing elements of the building due to the flexibility of these structures, as well as a large natural period of oscillations of buildings with suspended structures. Some aspects of the use of buildings with suspended structures are not fully understood, which prompted a study of the behavior of these buildings using various structural solutions in earthquake conditions. For the effective use of these structures in the practice of earthquake-resistant construction, an important issue is to understand the behavior of suspended structures under seismic influences of a wide frequency spectrum. The results of the study are presented in the paper.
Urbanized Environment Quality Assessment Methodology
Authors: Rastyapina O A , Prokopenko V V , Ganzha O A
Published: February 2022

Urbanized environment is a complex multi-element system. Urbanization has negative effects on the urban environment and necessitates finding balance to optimize the development of urbanized spaces. This paper proposes an urbanized environment quality assessment method based on evaluating the architecture, nature, development, technogenic effects, and infrastructure. All the aspects of urbanized development are split into positive and negative. The assessment of these aspects helps conclude how favorable urbanized environment is. The assessments must be analyzed to conclude on the quality of development. Then the aspects that score the worst should be addressed in order to improve the quality of the urbanized environment. Ranking can be done by comparing against the scores of other urbanized systems.
Mathematical Model for Assessing the Limits of Crack Resistance of Structural Steels of Large-Sized Structures
Authors: Molokov K A , Novikov V V , Domashevskaya Ya R
Published: February 2022

In metal structures under operating conditions, as well as in emergency situations due to overloads, the presence of stress concentrators, etc., plastic deformations may occur. Such deformation by tensile stresses introduces some damage to the structure of steel, which adversely affects its subsequent operation under cyclic loads. Preliminary relative plastic deformation, ∼ 1-6%, which occurs in structural steels under tension, unambiguously reduces plasticity. It negatively affects the endurance of the material and leads to the early formation of macrocracks. In addition, after unloading, an internal residual stress field at the meso-micro level remains in the structural elements, which also reduces the endurance limit. In causes the decrease of such an important indicator of reliability as fracture toughness, which reflects the resistance of the material to crack propagation. In this regard, designing structures, it seems important to improve the calculation methods for assessing and predicting their fatigue strength, taking into account the listed factors.

The article is devoted to the development of a mathematical model that includes dependencies for assessing the fracture toughness of metal structures according to the fracture toughness limit for all sizes of defects in the form of cracks. Analytical dependences have been obtained for calculating the relative limit of crack resistance based on the main mechanical characteristics of the state of the material. The results of the study can be used to assess the crack resistance of structural elements and welded joints pre-deformed by tension.
Comparison of Flexible Heating Elements When Used in the Fight Against Soil Adhesion to the Working Bodies of Earth-Moving Machines
Authors: Zenkov S A , Dryupin P Yu
Published: February 2022

In this paper, two types of flexible heating elements are considered, which can be used as heat sources in the fight against soil freezing to the working bodies of earth-moving machines. Heating cable TM-60 is designed for heating concrete and in the refrigeration industry. It can be operated at temperatures from -60 to +200 degrees. LUNG heating tape is designed for heating pipelines and technological equipment. It can be operated at temperatures from -60 to +200 degrees. An experimental study was carried out to determine the shear stress using these heat sources. Regression models are obtained and response surfaces are constructed for the interaction of variable factors for each heater. One-factor dependencies were revealed and graphical dependencies were built. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of using the LUNG tape and the TM-60 cable has been carried out.
Reconstruction of Industrial Buildings with Replacement of Floors with Wood-Composite
Authors: Abu-Khasan M
Published: February 2022

The article emphasizes the importance of involving unused construction objects in the economy, while preserving their historical value. A variant of the reconstruction of floors based on tree-composite beams is proposed. The design work was carried out and the optimal variant of the work was identified. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that the problem has a global scale, in most cases they are trying to solve it by demolishing a cultural heritage object, or replacing wooden floors with reinforced concrete or metal structures. The purpose of the published work is to propose an option for the possible return of functionality to construction objects while preserving them as a cultural heritage, using new wooden bending elements with elements of composite reinforcement.
Determination of Forces in the Meridional Rods of the Mesh Dome
Authors: Abu-Khasan M , Egorov V , Charnik D , Nikonova E
Published: February 2022

Currently, the construction of residential domed houses in Russia is gaining popularity. It is possible to use dome structures for the formation and reconstruction of an expressive urban environment, as pavilions, awnings, cover public spaces. The use of domes in urban development solves the problem of maintaining the landscape in optimal condition, improves its aesthetic and functional properties.

This paper discusses a technique for determining the forces in the rods of a mesh dome to simplify the search for these forces, and a study of design solutions for wooden mesh shells using the example of a dome for a pool. Also, the developed model is tied to the terrain, which makes it possible to solve part of the practical problem.

The main design parameters for the method and the algorithm for working with it are given, in the general case, taking into account different values of the coefficients of the design models.
The Relationship between the Maximum and Minimum Principal Stresses as a Strength Criterion of Brittle Materials
Authors: Duishenaliev T B , Khokhlov V A , Ushanov S V
Published: February 2022

An equation is obtained that expresses the quantitative relationship between the limiting values of the smallest and largest principal stresses. Using this equation, it is possible to determine all those stress states that lead to the destruction of brittle (semi-brittle) materials, as well as to construct an envelope line of limiting stress circles of the German scientist O. Mohr. The experimental consistency of this criterion is checked in comparison with the experimental data of T. Karman, A.N. Stavrogin, M.I. Koifman and M.F. Kuntysh, obtained by testing cylindrical samples of various rocks (brittle materials) under triaxial compression.
The Use of Serial Structures for Large-Span Frames
Authors: Abu-Khasan M , Egorov V , Moskalev M , Perminova T
Published: February 2022

The development of engineering and design, the emergence of new materials (steel, concrete, aluminum, etc.) stimulated the emergence of new types of large-span structures. The structures became lighter, this made it possible to increase the size of the overlapping area. The use of large spans is due to the operational and architectural requirements in public buildings (markets, train stations, stadiums, concert and sports halls). In industrial buildings, large spans are subject to technological requirements. The space freed from supports, covered with a large-span structure, gives the building an emotional and plastic expressiveness. The use of large-span structures makes it possible to maximize the bearing qualities of the material and thereby obtain light and economical coatings. Reducing the mass of structures and structures is one of the main trends in construction. Less weight means less material, less material to be mined, processed, transported and installed.
Specific Features of Building Transport Infrastructure in Megacities
Authors: Rudneva S E
Published: February 2022

The paper analyzes specific features of the transport infrastructure building in modern megacities. Recently, the issues of transport infrastructure built in many megacities and cities associated with the comprehensive solution to urban and transport problems have become noticeably more relevant. This study uses a systemic approach that helped to show continuity, scale and social orientation of the transport infrastructure in megacities. The main problems and achievements in solving transport problems in large cities are identified. The issue of the role and importance of better transport infrastructure development in megacities is considered through the prism of complex and sometimes conflicting relations between transport and environment. The current transport infrastructure challenges and problems, new opportunities and benchmarks in achieving maximum efficiency of a particular mode of transport under different conditions are indicated. Special focus is placed on the possibilities of providing convenient and shortest travelling routes between all parts of the city, as well as between external transport routes. The content of the city transport network is described and characterized consisting of a set of streets and traffic routes served by various forms of city transport, underground, ground, above-ground transport lines connected with the street network in part or not connected with it at all, for example, city railways, overhead roads, metro, monorail roads.
Water Supply Systems in Multi-Apartment Buildings and their Design Characteristics
Authors: Zotov Yu N , Strelkov A K , Mikhailova Yu I
Published: February 2022

The research considers ongoing changes in the current system of legal regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater disposal of multi-apartment buildings (MABs). The authors present results of operational and design standards of water consumption analysis. It is shown that the existing regulatory and technical documents need adjustment in terms of determining the maximum possible consumption of cold and hot water for MABs residential units. The paper also puts forward an algorithm of hydraulic calculation of MABs domestic water supply systems according to the methodology developed in the Academy of Construction and Architecture in Samara State Technical University (ACA SamSTU).
Power Line Pylon for Installation in Heaving Permafrost Soil
Authors: Andreeva A V , Popov S N , Savvinova M E
Published: February 2022

Based on analysis of known patent and scientific and technical information, new design of power line pylon has been developed, intended for installation in heaving permafrost soils. Cryophobic antifriction coating is applied to pylon surface located in active layer of soil to reduce intensity of pylon upfreezing from soil. It is proposed to place mechanical devices that increase adhesion to frozen soil below the zone of maximum summer thawing. The possibility of using polyurethane as cryophobic coating is considered. Studies have been carried out to maintain adhesion of coating to concrete surface in process of atmospheric exposure for two years.
Planning of Operational and Technological Measures based on Logical and Graphical Modeling
Authors: Dement’eva M E
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the principles of planning additional measures for the engineering protection of buildings in urbanized areas with a potential risk of deformation processes based on logical and graphic modeling. We analyzed statistical data on cases of activation of exogenous geological processes in Russia, affecting buildings. The relevance of the study is justified by the need to ensure the operational reliability of water-carrying communications, which are sources of potential flooding and activation of deformation processes. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the frequency of operational measures for hidden communications to reduce the risk of leaks. On the basis of the constructed failure tree, an economic feasibility study was carried out for the optimal periods of scheduled inspections at different intervals of repair. The results obtained by the author can be used in the development of regulations for the maintenance and repair of engineering communications.
Standard Axle Loads in the Design of Motorway Pavements
Authors: Korochkin A
Published: February 2022

The paper considers issues of standard axle load, which is among the main design parameters when designing motorway pavements. Changing standard axle loads over time due to changes in the traffic flow composition is shown. Standard axial loads recommended for the design by the currently valid regulatory documents are given. Also, axle loads are given for trucks most widespread on domestic highways. Attention is drawn to the axle loads of modern vehicles, significantly exceeding the standard values. Also, the paper provides research data showing that more than 75 % of freight vehicles are overloaded, which also increases axle loads. These two factors – axle loads exceeding the standard values and overloaded vehicles lead to additional loads on the motorway pavement, for which it has not been designed. This, in turn, leads to the premature destruction of road pavements, the loss of their service quality, and additional costs for repairs. The paper justifies the need to increase the standard axle load when designing the motorway pavements since the use of the currently adopted value of 115 kN in the pavement design leads to insufficient strength of the pavement designed and its inability to withstand the existing loads. It is proposed to use an axial load of 150 kN as a design parameter when designing the motorway pavements.
Development Trends of Modern Multifunctional Parks
Authors: Dormidontova V
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the formation of a multifunctional park as a typological object of landscape architecture. The preconditions for its emergence are considered and the stages of its development are determined. It is noted that the various tasks faced by domestic and foreign designers in the XX century caused the differences between Soviet parks of culture and recreation and multifunctional parks abroad. However, multifunctional parks created in different countries, in various climatic conditions and urban planning environment, during the XX-XXI centuries, along with distinctive characteristics, have common features. These characteristics were outlined in the first multifunctional parks and became canons by the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The author reveals the architectural and typological principles and basic methods of designing multifunctional parks, which can serve as a theoretical basis for developing recommendations for the reconstruction and creation of new multifunctional parks.
Complex Impact of Multifunctional Additives on Operational Parameters of Engine Oils
Authors: Pydrin A V
Published: February 2022

The powertrain is the most important and commonly the most expensive component of a vehicle. The useful life of machinery is normally determined by the operating lives of its powertrain and engine. Therefore, there are high requirements for power train reliability and longevity. This article considers the key engine reliability improvement methods, as well as the key modern development concepts for the internal combustion engine. Based on those, the authors justify the use of organic-synthesis multifunctional compounds as engine oil additives. To get a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of additives on the performance properties of engine oils, the authors developed a testing program. They described the tribological tests performed to determine the anti-corrosion properties, ash content, environmental parameters, and thermal oxidation stability. The article presents the results of these tests reflecting the efficiency of the developed additive. The article is summed up with conclusions.
Calculation of Heat Losses Through Non-Insulated Pipelines of a Waste-Heat Recovery System in a Thermal Power Plant
Authors: Mozgova A S , Terekhova O P
Published: February 2022

The paper considers the calculation of heat losses through a non-insulated pipeline section of a waste-heat recovery system in a thermal power plant. The waste-heat recovery system of a power generator includes two circuits from each unit and the network water pipelines. The first circuit of the waste-heat recovery system is the high-temperature cooling loop of the generator gas reciprocating engine. The first circuit extracts heat from the engine cooling jacket. The second circuit of the waste-heat recovery system consists of the engine exhausts heat recovery boiler, heat exchanger (heated side), network plate-type heat exchangers, and a pipeline system. In the second circuit, the heat of the first circuit and the heat of the exhausts in the heat recovery boiler is extracted. The recovery boiler pipeline with no thermal insulation is routed on the roof of the thermal power plant. The research objective was to determine the actual heat losses through the non-insulated pipeline section and to compare the obtained data with the regulatory one.
The Use of Metal Structures in the Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures
Authors: Abu-Khasan M , Egorov V , Rudenko N , Dergachev A
Published: February 2022

According to modern standards, unique buildings and structures include buildings whose spans exceed 100 meters, with successful approbation in practical application, or spans over 60 meters with new design solutions, which require the development of new special calculation methods and the creation of physical models. Unique buildings include objects with a permanent number of people of more than 500, and periodic more than 1000-10,000 people, including people who are near the structure. The reliability of design solutions is confirmed by analyzing design schemes with subsequent assessment of methods and means of performing calculations. It is also necessary to observe, in order to study, the results of calculations for the strength and stability of the spatial system of a structure, to compare the data of theoretical materials with experimental ones obtained as a result of checks.
Study of Current Composition and Classification of Housing in a Large Siberian City
Authors: Sarchenko V I , Khirevich S A , Sarchenko M V
Published: February 2022

This article considers the issue of identification of the key factors determining the composition and classification of housing in a large city. The results of the analysis conducted made the authors conclude that the structure and classification of housing are primarily determined by the level of housing availability for local residents; it depends on the city population count, the average cost of 1 sq.m. of residential housing, and the average income level. The authors developed a multifactor linear regression equation that explains the 98.3% correlation between the parameters mentioned and can be used to forecast housing market development in cities. Based on the performed analysis of the key parameters of residential buildings that are being built in Krasnoyarsk, the authors provided recommendations for apartment parameters to be used when designing apartment blocks.
Classification of Infilled Shells Structures Considering Soil-Construction Interaction
Authors: Ya Tsimbelman N , Chernova T I , Kuzovatkin I V , Pronkina T N
Published: February 2022

The paper examines retaining structures consisting of thin shells filled with soil or other material (in a varying degree providing structural integrity), keeping the soil from failure and sustaining the complex of technological loads. Filled shells structures serve as a constructive base for retaining structures and are used in various construction areas (industrial, transport, hydraulic engineering). The technique is proposed which allows to determine structural design model at an early design stage considering the key initial design parameters: overall dimensions of the structure, acting loads and the soil base properties. Based on the proposed ratios an example is given of the structure classification and the design model choice depending on its dimensions, depth of embedding and the magnitude of soil base design resistance. Extreme principal dimensions ratios of the structure are shown at which there is a need of fixing the structure in the soil, dependencies for determining setting depth are given.
Determination of the Influence of Reinforcement Direction of Open Thin-Walled Cylindrical Carbon Shells on Their Natural Vibrations
Authors: Dobryshkin A Yu , Sysoev E O , Sysoev O E
Published: February 2022

Nowadays, open cylindrical shells are widely used in structures in construction, aviation, energy, oil, and other industries. Shell structures are exposed to short-term cyclical influences in the course of operation; these influences cause forced vibrations of the structure which trigger the internal dynamic mechanisms, changing the natural vibrations of the structure, which has a significant impact on the strength characteristics of the shell. Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) are used as an effective material for such structures. This is a durable and lightweight material. Due to its high cost, its application used to be efficient only in aircraft and in the space industry. Improvement of manufacturing techniques has made it possible to expand the range of CFRP applications. Due to their thinness, CFRP products are prone to vibrations. Vibrations can cause resonance condition, which can result in structural collapse.
Brittle Fractures of Cylindrical Steel Storage Tanks for Petroleum and Petroleum Products in the North
Authors: Buslaeva I I
Published: February 2022

This article discusses brittle fracture accidents of petroleum and petroleum products storage tanks that occurred in Yakutia. Operational safety of tanks in the cryolithozone is reduced by harsh natural and climatic conditions, the uniform and differential settlements of the shell and bottom, long-term operation associated with the degradation of structures and materials in such climatic conditions. The main factor contributing to brittle fracture is extreme low ambient temperature, which reduces the ductility and resistance to brittle fracture of steel of structures and welds. The uniform and differential settlements of the tank lead to appearance of dangerous stress-strain state of shell and its general and local deformations. A sharp change in the air temperature causes thermal stresses in the statically indeterminate structures of the tank. Analysis of tank accidents in Yakutia shows that places of crack initiation are assembly welds and their heat-affected zones, the metallurgical and corrosion defects of the base metal. Dangerous areas of the tank are shell-to-bottom connections and attachments of piping nozzles to the shell. The main cause of the considered accidents is the use of low-carbon steel that does not recommend to the oil tank operation in the climatic conditions of the cryolithozone.
Concept of Sustainability in the Arctic
Authors: Sarvut T O , Tkachev V N
Published: February 2022

The current stage of the development of the Arctic region of Russia coincided with the development and implementation of the ideas of sustainability: the identification of mechanisms and risk management, the ability to withstand future climate change through reorganization and upgrading. Under the new development conditions, we propose a model of the architectural and spatial organization of an environmental object of any level (building, settlement, city) that takes into account the specific region constraints. The authors suggest using a parcel with a set of patterns as the basic unit of the planning level. The patterns within this level are connected. Outside, the levels of the parcels are linked to each other and the natural surroundings. At the building level, engineering systems and their resilience are identified. At the level of external relations, environmental systems are identified - manifestations of the environment with possible aggressive impacts. Their resilience lies in their reaction to change. Engineering systems shall interact with social ones: when designing, the social responsibility of investors should be considered to provide the autonomy of each parcel, and after construction, it is necessary to define the responsibilities of all users. The system of parcel patterns is flexible, stable, and ready for probabilistic aggressive impacts of the outside world.
Reducing the Negative Impact of Harmful Factors on the Environment in the Process of Transporting Waste from Demolition of Buildings and Structures
Authors: Bodenko E M , Slesarev M Y , Shershneva M V , Perepechenov A M
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that in the process of transporting demolition waste, it becomes necessary to reduce the negative impact of harmful factors on the environment. The aim of the study is to reduce the negative impact on the environment during transportation and to select optimal solutions. As a result of the study, the factors influencing the formation of the transport chain were identified, which reduce the negative impact of some harmful factors on the environment during the transportation of construction waste. Also, as a result of simulation, optimal combinations of important factors were formed in the conditions of urban infrastructure, which made it possible to reduce the estimated indicators of harmful effects on the environment.
Trends in the Design of Hospices and Palliative Centers in the Russian Federation
Authors: Klochko A R
Published: February 2022

This article examines a brief history of the spread of hospice care, studies the specifics of the architecture of palliative medicine centers and hospices. Attention is paid to the current state of hospices and palliative centers in the world and in Russia. The research results are presented in the form of basic recommendations on the hospice territories design and their improvement, architectural, planning, interior features of hospice design. The schemes of functional relationships in the hospice, variants of space-planning solutions and the design of 1 to 4 place hospital rooms are given. These results can be used in the architectural practice of designing palliative care centers and hospices, as well as in the educational process as methodological recommendations for the design of hospices and palliative care centers. The analysis of the problems of the architectural-planning and urban organization of hospices will allow to improve the structure of such architectural objects, to study their typology, for further development. The involvement of the public in the direction of the development of the current of palliative care, including from the point of view of their architectural and spatial organization, focuses people’s attention not only on the entertainment culture, which is now in absolute dominance, but also on human duty and dignity.
Classification of Composite and Steel Plates Joints in Hybrid Structures with External Type of Reinforcement by Composite Materials
Authors: Egorov V , Abu-Khasan M , Fedorov A
Published: February 2022

The article provides a brief classification of existing joints of composite and steel elements with each other. Three types of connections are considered: mechanical, adhesive and combined connections. Their main advantages and disadvantages that limit their widespread use are indicated. One of the main advantages of composite materials is the variety of their physical and mechanical characteristics, which are determined at the stage of composite fabrication. In view of this feature, the use of composite materials as part of hybrid structures can provide an effective use of the physical and mechanical properties of materials. The main requirement for hybrid structures is to ensure the joint operation of all used dissimilar materials.
Controlled conversion of transverse symmetries in a four-wave mixing process
Authors: Rocha J C A , Pires D G , Motta M R L , Litchinitser N M , Vianna S S , Fonseca E J S , Ferraz J
Published: February 2022

Precise light manipulation in optical media has been important for developing new communication protocols, particle tracking and control, environmental sensing and quantum computing, to cite a few applications. Here, we explore the nonlinear light-matter interactions of Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beams with a rubidium vapor. We analytically and numerically predict the possibility of generating a nearly pure optical HG mode as a result of the four-wave mixing of two different HG modes. In contrast, four-wave mixing of other linear solutions of the paraxial wave equation in a third-order nonlinear medium results in the up-converted beam consisting of a superposition of multiple modes. In addition, we identify a large family of solutions of the paraxial wave equation, including cylindrical and elliptical modes, that can be generated in the process of the four-wave mixing by precisely adjusting the weights of the input HG beams. This study may find applications in the development of new classical and quantum optical sources, with more spatial versatility.