bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Hospital de San Lázaro de la ciudad de México y los leprosos novohispanos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII
Authors: Sánchez Uriarte María Del Carmen
Published: July 2018

Se estudia el funcionamiento, vida y propósitos de este hospital al final del siglo XVIII y principio del XIX y para ello se presenta la importancia del diagnóstico médico, los modos de remisión al lazareto capitalino, los conflictos con el Hospital de San Antonio y las relaciones con el Real Protomedicato. Igualmente expone los problemas que tuvo para mantenerse con tan pocos medios, la descripción del recinto hospitalario y aspectos de la vida de los internos, con especial mención de la asistencia y los tratamientos médicos y espirituales que se les proveían.
El capitán Martín de Palomar, regidor, encomendero y benefactor: su testamento (Mérida, Yucatán, 1611)
Authors: Patrón Sarti Rafael
Published: July 2018

A falta de documentos originales, la fundación del colegio jesuita de Mérida, Yucatán, en 1618, suele tratarse a partir de fuentes secundarias, como las crónicas. El hallazgo del testamento del fundador, el capitán Martín de Palomar (1538-1611), permite esclarecer las circunstancias del proceso fundacional y aporta insospechadas luces sobre la personalidad y actividades del mecenas, quien además realizó notables legados píos, en favor de Yucatán y de Medina del Campo, su ciudad natal. El estudio introductorio informa acerca de Palomar y su familia, de algunas de sus actividades como regidor de Mérida, encomendero y mercader, y da cuenta de los consejeros que lo animaron a donar parte de su notable fortuna para erigir el colegio, y los primeros pasos hacia su creación. A modo de apéndice se publican dos piezas legales complementarias: el contrato de donación y de la cédula real que aprobó la medida.
El abastecimiento de libros de la biblioteca conventual de San Agustín de Puebla de los Ángeles a través de la Carrera de las Indias (1609-1613)
Authors: Rueda Ramírez Pedro
Published: July 2018

En este artículo analizamos dos envíos de libros remitidos a fray Francisco Coronel, prior del convento agustino de Puebla de los Ángeles. Los libros viajaron en los barcos que fueron desde Sevilla a Veracruz. En 1609 se envió un lote de 4 títulos y en 1613 un lote de 62 títulos. Las memorias de libros permiten conocer los títulos que se enviaron a la biblioteca conventual y reconstruir los mecanismos que utilizaron para enriquecer su colección comprando libros en España. Los títulos remitidos a Puebla encajaban perfectamente en la biblioteca conventual: textos teológicos, exégesis bíblica y sermonarios, pero también obras de historia y literatura. Entre estos últimos destacan la Vida y hechos del Emperador Carlos Quinto de Prudencio de Sandoval, los Pastores de Belén de Lope de Vega y dos textos de José de Valdivieso, el Romancero espiritual y la Vida de San José.
La actividad crediticia de instituciones eclesiásticas y de beneficencia de la ciudad de México en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Von Wobeser Gisela
Published: July 2018

El artículo describe las prácticas crediticias desarrolladas por los conventos de monjas, el Juzgado de Capellanías y Obras Pías, el Real Fisco de la Inquisición, las cofradías, los colegios, hospitales, orfanatos y recogimientos, en la ciudad de México, en el siglo XVIII. Se refiere a los prestatarios que obtuvieron los préstamos, a los requisitos que estos últimos debían cumplir, entre ellos las garantías que debían proporcionar a los mecanismos crediticios utilizados para las transacciones, tales como censos consignativos y los depósitos irregulares, a los plazos para la devolución de los capitales y los intereses que se cobraban en las transacciones. Finalmente, describe los rubros en los que mayoritariamente se aplicaron los préstamos, así como los efectos positivos o negativos que el crédito tuvo sobre diversas ramas productivas y sobre la economía familiar.
Notas sobre la vida de Pedro Sánchez de Tagle
Authors: Goyas Mejía Ramón
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo trata sobre la vida y obra de Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, personaje oriundo de las montañas de Santander. Gracias a su habilidad en los negocios llegó a acumular un sorprendente poder económico a más de ocupar notables cargos políticos en la Nueva España. Los Sánchez de Tagle, a principios del siglo xviii, lograron ser una de las familias más influyentes de la ciudad de México y sus intereses económicos los llevaron a establecerse en Filipinas y otras provincias de ultramar con el fin de mantener sus negocios. Ramas de esta familia serían la base de otras fortunas durante el siglo XVIII.
Un riojano entre vascos y montañeses: Manuel Rodríguez Sáenz de pedroso, primer conde de san Bartolomé de Xala
Authors: Velasco Mendizábal Gloria Lizania
Published: July 2018

Manuel Rodríguez Sáenz de Pedroso fue un importante mercader riojano del siglo XVIII en Nueva España. Tuvo inversiones comerciales en la ruta transpacífica y transatlántica. Sin embargo, la historiografía ha dado cuenta de él por sus negocios en el cultivo del maguey y comercio del pulque, del cual fue pionero por convertir ese cultivo casi silvestre en uno de finca entre 1732 y 1750. En 1749 la Corona española lo reconoció como el nuevo poseedor del título de conde de San Bartolomé de Jala. En 1750 vinculó el tercio y quinto de sus bienes en la fundación de un mayorazgo que años más tarde desataría un pleito entre él y algunos miembros de su familia al cambiar la sucesión en la posesión del mismo. Las redes de poder que estableció le permitieron tener una relación cercana con el virrey primer conde de Revillagigedo.
El licenciado don Francisco Xavier de Gamboa en las Juntas de Arreglo de Minería de la Nueva España, 1789-1790
Authors: Méndez Pérez Juan Ramón
Published: July 2018

Estos documentos fueron presentados por Gamboa en las Juntas de Arreglo para remediar la grave situación del Tribunal de Minería por el establecimiento de nuevas Ordenanzas en 1783 que sustituyeron a las de 1584. Gamboa expone los defectos de origen y aplicación de la nueva legislación y propone alternativas para remediar la crisis.
NÚMERO COMPLETO
Authors: Revista de Investigaciones Artísticas Panambí
Published: July 2018

Número completo de Panambí. Revista de investigaciones artísticas n. 6 jun. 2018.
Control temprano de los factores de mal pronóstico en el abordaje de los pacientes con eventos cerebrovasculares isquémicos
Authors: Jiménez Yepes Carlos Mario , González Obando Paulina , Vargas Olmos Andrea Carolina , Jiménez Obando Manuela
Published: July 2018

OBJETIVO:
Describir aspectos generales en relación con los eventos cerebrovasculares (ECV) isquémicos, así como los principales factores pronósticos que se han relacionado con el desenlace y la recuperación funcional posterior al evento cerebrovascular.

MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:
Se realizó una revisión narrativa utilizando bases de datos (PubMed, Science Direct, MEDLINE), plataformas virtuales (National Institutes of Health) y publicaciones del Acta Neurológica Colombiana.

RESULTADOS:
Ser mujer, la edad avanzada, la inatención (negligencia), la gravedad del compromiso cognitivo y de la función ejecutiva, la desnutrición, y comorbilidades como la neumonía se asocian con un peor pronóstico en los 90 días posteriores al evento. Las alteraciones en la esfera mental (delirio), alteración de la conciencia, hemiplejia o parálisis de la mirada conjugada y el origen cardioembólico del ECV son algunos de los factores asociados con la mortalidad. La lateralidad hemisférica es una variable importante a tener en cuenta para valorar el pronóstico y la discapacidad funcional residual posevento; sin embargo, la evidencia actual es poco concluyente y algo contradictoria en relación con su rol como factor pronóstico.

CONCLUSIONES:
Es importante un diagnóstico temprano y una intervención adecuada de los pacientes afectados con ECV isquémico, así como el control precoz de los factores modificables de mal pronóstico. Entre los no modificables, la lateralidad hemisférica podría ser más bien un criterio de selección para un programa de rehabilitación específico y personalizado, pues indudablemente existe un compromiso cognitivo y del lenguaje que difiere sustancialmente en relación con la ubicación topográfica de la lesión.
EDUCANDO E CUIDANDO PARA OS DESAFIOS DA VIDA: COEXISTÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA ENTRE NATUREZA, CULTURA E CRIATIVIDADE
Authors: Castro Elani Cristina Vieira Magalhães de , Castro Neto José Dácio Gomes de
Published: July 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar as práticas educativas do Colégio Eureca em São Luís - MA que contribuem com formação de cidadãos independentes, criativos e responsáveis consigo mesmo, com as outras pessoas e com o meio ambiente. Descreve algumas experiências transdisciplinares desenvolvidas. Aborda aspectos criativos contidos nas atividades educativas realizadas, sempre considerando o desafio de construir práticas pedagógicas que articulem o homem, a natureza e a cultura de forma criativa. Ressalta-se também a importância do protagonismo das crianças na construção das suas aprendizagens, assim como a necessidade da formação docente que atenda o desafio de uma educação transformadora.
A CRIATIVIDADE NO ÂMBITO DA ECOFORMAÇÃO: UMA PERSPECTIVA A PARTIR DA COMPLEXIDADE E DA TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE
Authors: Aires Berenice Feitosa da Costa , Suanno João Henrique
Published: July 2018

Muitas práticas e metodologias educacionais acabam se concentrando e se limitando ao desenvolvimento de conteúdos sem relacioná-los à diversidade de conhecimentos e vivências que é o educando em sua individualidade e sociabilidade. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões que revelem as possibilidades para unir escola e o ambiente no qual ela está inserida, em que o aluno seja globalmente visto e possa desenvolver aquilo que lhe faz capaz de transformar seu ambiente e as suas relações: a criatividade. Para Tanto utilizamos de um levantamento bibliográfico a partir dos conceitos como o de complexidade, transdisciplinaridade e ecoformação, de Edgar Morin (2005, 2007, 2010), Torre (2005, 2008 2010), Suanno (2013, 2014) que são fundamentais para desconstruir paradigmas que assolam a educação, mostrando que, a partir desta, inovações que priorizem a sustentabilidade, o meio ambiente e promovam mudanças sociais são imprescindíveis para a atualidade e ressignificação das práticas educacionais.
A ARTE DE VER, OUVIR E SENTIR
Authors: Parrode Carolina Curado , Moraes Fátima Cristina
Published: July 2018

Neste trabalho apresentamos nosso fazer em arte educação, um projeto que se renova a cada ano, e que tem como tema central a relação entre a riqueza cultural acumulada pela humanidade e a subjetividade de cada aluno, considerando esse encontro como fundamental para a formação humana. Também escolhemos discorrer sobre este projeto por reconhecer sua pertinência, em dias em que muitos questionam o valor da arte na infância. Acreditamos que a arte tem uma função relevante e poderosa na constituição do ser humano. A arte enriquece o ser, o refina, liberta e ilumina.
LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LAS RELACIONES ENTRE NIÑOS, NIÑAS Y ADULTOS PARA CRECER LIBRES. LA POSTURA DE LA EDUCACIÓN LIBRE EN EL CONTEXTO DE CATALUÑA
Authors: Bosna Valeria Vittoria Aurora
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo toma en examen la importancia de la construcción y el desarrollo de las relaciones entre niños, niñas y adultos para favorecer un verdadero crecimiento libre. Objetivo del estudio es presentar el movimiento de la Educación Libre, contextualizándolo a la región de Cataluña, y sus prácticas educativas. Estas últimas se fundamentan en la instauración de relaciones y vínculos personales entre los protagonistas del proceso educativo y van más allá de las relaciones clásicas entre estudiantes y maestros o padres. En efecto fundan espacios simbólicos únicos en que la libertad de ser se realiza verdaderamente. El marco teórico elegido es lo de la Educación Libre. Esta particular mirada pedagógica forma parte de la educación alternativa, consistente en un modelo educativo que va más allá de las metodologías tradicionales adoptadas por los sistemas formales; se inspira más bien con propuestas de educación no formal, es una oferta educativa poco masificada, y acoge diversas miradas, intereses, peculiaridades y prácticas diferentes; todo con el eje de base de educar para crecer, aprender y formarse en libertad.
LITERATURA E PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA REFLEXIVA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: A HORA DO CONTO NO CEPAE
Authors: Silva Simei Araujo , Zanolla Sílvia Rosa Silva
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a identificação dos alunos do 1.º e do 3.º ano da I Fase do Ensino Fundamental do CEPAE/UFG (Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa Aplicada à Educação) com personagens e conteúdos de histórias narradas na atividade “Hora do Conto” na biblioteca (e de outras histórias conhecidas por eles em seu contexto familiar). De um total de sessenta e um alunos, dos dois terceiros anos, foram realizadas vinte e uma entrevistas, correspondendo a 34,43%. Foram também entrevistados dois profissionais, dessa mesma fase da área de Ciências Humanas. Fizemos a observação da “Hora do Conto” na biblioteca no período de três meses. Na escola pesquisada, presenciou-se um ambiente literário propício para formar os contadores de histórias e leitores críticos. Partimos do pressuposto de que a literatura infantil é um recurso fundamental para a formação de valores na criança, especialmente quando se considerou seu aspecto ambivalente: a tensão entre indivíduo e sociedade. Assim, o critério de escolha do livro literário pelo professor e contador de histórias é essencialmente político, pois o conteúdo do texto literário tanto pode reafirmar a ideologia do sistema dominante, adaptando-se a ele, quanto possibilitar ao leitor infantil constituir um pensamento crítico. Recorremos aos teóricos da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, como Adorno, Horkheimer e Benjamin, para fundamentar essa discussão. Os conceitos de sociedade, educação, ideologia e experiência constituem suportes teóricos norteadores para a análise dos dados empíricos deste trabalho, como também para a reflexão da prática pedagógica do professor. A experiência demonstra que, para as crianças, a literatura, de um lado, revela aspectos utilitários, como seu auxílio para o desenvolvimento da leitura e escrita, e, de outro, contribui para instigar a fantasia e a imaginação, o que lhes possibilitou o exercício do pensamento crítico. Pressupõe-se que a literatura, concebida como arte, possibilita à criança criar novas experiências, isto é, construir reflexões e pensamentos críticos sobre valores da cultura dominante, valores estes que pairam em seu contexto social, sobretudo escolar e familiar.
Uso de la Narrativa Transmedia en entornos académicos virtuales o bimodales
Authors: Rios Hernández Iván Neftali
Published: July 2018

A través de esta ponencia se pretende dar una mirada reflexiva al proceso de educación virtual y el rumbo hacia donde nos dirige en esta época. Además, se pretende reflexionar sobre la Narrativa Transmedia y la importancia que tiene el lenguaje en el desarrollo de historias transmediales. Se presenta una guía experimental de carácter constructivista que pretende apoyar al docente en el desarrollo de una historia de Narrativa Transmedia con propósitos académicos. Finalmente, se sugiere la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones empíricas que permitan validar la guía experimental sugerida y nos provean mayor información sobre la efectividad de la Narrativa Transmedia en la formación óptima del estudiante y en su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Influence of Experience and Accountability on Information Use and Judgments of Accountants
Authors: Mala Rajni , Chand Parmod , Patel Chris
Published: July 2018

We conduct an experiment to examine an important issue—the interactive effects of experience and accountability on the use of information and the judgments of professional accountants. The results provide evidence that both experience and accountability individually and interactively affect both information use and accountants' judgments. The findings also show that the interactive effect of accountability on information use and judgment is greater for less experienced accountants than for experienced accountants. Specifically, our analysis shows that the accountability results are driven by less experienced accountants. The use of accounting information and judgment are significantly improved in less experienced accountants when they are held accountable, while no significant difference is demonstrated for experienced accountants. The results have important implications for enhancing the judgments, decision-making skills, and performance of both experienced and less experienced accountants, especially with regard to organizational training, review programs, and incentives to motivate accountants.

JEL Classifications: M410.
KORUPSI, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: I Ketut Patra Junaidi
Published: July 2018

Some countries have been faced to corruption stage. Especially developing region, corruption has became a disaster humankind and occur a global issue, because it is very disturbing cycle of the world economy. In many cases corruption related to financial report manipulation. One of the factor fraud rate is accounting have leave religion aspect in their report. A revolution of solution must be born in the globe. to reduces and combating the level of corruption, but on the other hand accounting makes corruption becomes more fertile. This research uses the literature approach and is expected to be one of the concepts for future research in conducting research on the prevention of corruption for accounting sector. Based on literature study we found that the approach to culture and religiosity in Indonesia will be more effective in preventing corruption. This is caused by the people of Indonesia, which consists of many tribes, cultures, beliefs and religions.
Eksperimentalno ispitivanje gasifikacionog kotla: dizajn komore za sagorevanje
Authors: Karmarković Rade , Novčić Đorđe , Nikolić Miloš , Karamarković Miodrag , Šimunović Dragiša
Published: July 2018

Dizajn komore za sagorevanje
Inspekcija cevovoda u eksploataciji i analiza uzroka otkaza
Authors: Petronić Sanja , Jovičić Radomir , Sedmak Aleksandar , Petrović Aleksandar , Birdeanu Aurel Valentin , Vasalić Dragan
Published: July 2018

Inspekcija cevovoda u eksploataciji i analiza uzroka otkaza
Rekonceptualizace pojmu zranitelnosti a jeho užití coby analytického nástroje
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Glajchová Alena
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the notion of vulnerability and its conceptualization in the scientific sphere. The concept of vulnerability is used frequently, but its explanation and definition is vague and insufficient. The main purpose of this paper is to point out the limitations of the use of this concept in existing definitions and research articles and highlight its importance for further use as an analytic tool. Based on review of literature, the aim is to reconceptualise the notion of vulnerability in the scientific field and define it with respect to already established concepts that are closely related to the concept of vulnerability. Close attention is paid to the research area of health and the provision of health care. One of the major findings of analysis points out that vulnerability is mostly defined by many authors as a susceptibility to harm or neglect (Rogers 1997; Aday 1994) or its definition is often ignored. The most frequent use of this concept is based on the principle of labelling and many individuals are labelled as vulnerable based on one fixed category, such as gender, age, ethnicity, race, etc. In conclusion, I assume that such an approach homogenizes and stereotypically classifies vulnerable groups of the population. I suggest a new definition of vulnerability, which does not deny the individuality of each vulnerable person. This redefinition makes it possible to reveal the sources of vulnerability and various dimensions of social inequality.
La comprensión del Zwischen en cuanto a su tensividad en la filosofía de Heidegger.
Authors: Esperón Juan Pablo
Published: July 2018

Este artículo se inserta en el marco teórico de las controversias actuales y contemporáneas en torno a la discusión de las categorías heideggerianas. El mismo tiene por objetivo exponer el sentido de las nociones de acontecimiento y diferencia, ya que estas nociones presentan un carácter problemático, pues no pueden ser fundamentadas sino que resultan fundadas sobre el abismo. En las conclusiones, presentamos un marco conceptual apropiado para pensar al acontecimiento y la diferencia a partir de la interpretación de la Zwischen respecto a su estatus tensivo.
La evolución y las personas
Authors: García González Juan A.
Published: July 2018

En el siguiente trabajo se exploran los distintos sentidos del tiempo, distinguiendo el tiempo del universo, el tiempo de la vida y el tiempo de las personas como punto de partida para comprender la gran diferencia entre la evolución del cosmos y de las personas.
Kierkegaard y Schopenhauer: introducción a su análisis conjunto
Authors: Rodríguez Pablo Uriel , Herrera Laura
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo se propone ofrecer una introducción a la relación entre Kierkegaard y Schopenhauer. La primera parte expone las críticas del filósofo danés al autor de El mundo como voluntad y representación. La segunda parte analiza las interpretaciones en castellano dedicadas al estudio del vínculo entre ambos filósofos. La primera parte concluye con las eventuales respuestas del filósofo alemán a las objeciones de Kierkegaard. La segunda parte finaliza con una serie de apreciaciones para el análisis conjunto de ambos pensadores.
Tras la búsqueda de la inefable verdad
Authors: Guerrero González Soledad
Published: July 2018

Este trabajo ha sido seleccionado para la V Olimpiada de Filosofía que organiza FICUM en la modalidad de secundaria y bachillerato, para  promocionar la filosofía entre los jóvenes.
La tipografía y el libro en Occidente: el primer producto moderno y globalizador
Authors: Escudero Fernández Sofía
Published: July 2018

Se analizan el proceso de concreción y normalización en la creación de un producto moderno como es el libro y el diseño tipográfico inherente al propio producto, así como la gestación del primer producto globalizado. Este estudio se lleva a cabo haciendo un recorrido histórico que nos permite contrastar diferencias fundamentales entre los códices de diferentes culturas y el libro en el siglo XVI, y abordar los antecedentes del diseño editorial y tipográfico.
Subsidiarity between Economic Freedom and Harmonized Regulation: Is there an Optimal Degree of European Integration?
Authors: Gilroy Michael , Schreckenberg Heike , Seiler Volker
Published: July 2018

According to the European Union's (EU's) principle of subsidiarity, responsibilities of any kind should always be allocated to the lowest level possible. When applying this to the EU's economic union, one might assume that the decentralization of trading structures as well as the ensuring of national economic freedoms are basic necessities for a reliable implementation of the concept of subsidiarity. Nevertheless, with view to the sustained enlargement of the European Single Market, it seems that the centralization of trading structures has not lost its attractiveness yet. The permanent progress in European trade integration raises the important question whether there may be some optimal degree of economic integration in the sense of subsidiarity and, if so, how this optimal level of integration might be determined. Answers to this burning issue will be of fundamental importance for future European policy making. As long as it is not clear-cut whether the principle of subsidiarity is of an integrationist or a more anti-integrationist nature regarding deeper trade integration, an adequate implementation of the subsidiarity principle appears impossible for policymakers at both the national and the European level.
“DE-FEDERALISATION” VS. DEMOCRATISATION The Politicisation of Federal Reforms in Russia
Authors: Douglas Nadja
Published: July 2018

Which type of federalism can best be combined with what form of democratic system remains a puzzle in both democratisation and federalism literature. The Russian case illustrates in multiple ways that federalism does not work if democratic structures on the national and regional level are dysfunctional. The aim of this article is two-fold: first, it aims to delineate how federal reforms in Russia during the last decade have led, through politicisation, to a process of de-federalisation rather than to the construction of a strong federal system in the country. Second, by means of analysing selected federal reforms, the question will be explored whether the process of de-federalisation has correlated with, if not contributed to, the dismantling of democratic elements in the country. In sum, this article seeks to make a case for the continued combination of federalism and democracy studies in order to advance theory-building in the application to specific regional contexts.
DEFINING ‘EUROPE’ AND ‘EUROPEANS’: Constructing Identity in the Education Policy of the European Union
Authors: ARKAN Zeynep
Published: July 2018

Education policy has been regarded as an important means through which a ‘Europeandemos’ could be created within the European Union. The initiatives undertaken by theUnion in this field were based on a similar rationale that nation states employed in theirprocesses of nation-building. In this framework education was seen as the main mediumthrough which a common culture, shared values and aspirations were inculcated amongthe peoples of ‘Europe’. Parallel to this, the policy discourse of the Union in this fieldsymbolised the way in which Union institutions themselves viewed the identity of theUnion and that of its peoples. This article applies a discourse analysis framework toexplore the way in which the Union institutions represented the identity of the Unionand that of its peoples in their official discourse in the sphere of education policy, whichhas been regarded as a key policy area with respect to identity-formation andmaintenance efforts in the Union.
Efficiency in the Multinational Federal Republic
Authors: Gregoire Jean-Francois
Published: July 2018

The paper is divided in three sections. In the first section, I question the use of the statist redistributive paradigm in federalism. In the second section, I argue that efficiency is a moral principle and that it has a strong normative appeal, especially in contexts of diversity. I show that adopting efficiency as a guiding principle to think of the role of the state, especially in contexts of pluralism, as in MNF, allows us to consider the division of competences in a way that is yet unexplored in political philosophy. Furthermore, I argue that embracing efficiency allows us to avoid the moral problems that other moral approaches encounter, especially as I will defend a non-utilitarian conception of efficiency. That also allows me to show that if one opts for the view that pictures federalism as an efficiency maximizing enterprise, it does not lead to a libertarian conception of federalism. Finally, I try to briefly sketch a possible connection between the principle of efficiency and republican ideal of ‘non-domination’ (Pettit 2012). More specifically I suggest that the pursuit of ‘non-domination’ is totally compatible with the pursuit of efficiency in MNF. In other words, the federal government can interfere to resolve government failures at the sub-unit level, for instance externalities, without being or becoming a dominating agent. The ideal of non-domination supports the sort of strong government interventions defended by egalitarians without having to compromise on the autonomy of federated entities. The combination of efficiency and non-domination ends with a defense of asymmetrical federal arrangements, without sacrificing the equality that states ought to preserve.
Regional implementation of Multi-level Governance Type I – the European Cohesion Policy
Authors: Salageanu Romana
Published: July 2018

The process of European integration has been promoting subnational mobilization activities in both federal and centralized states. The regions’ activities in Brussels have been pushing forward research on the subnational level. From the conceptual work on multi-level governance as the continuous negotiation taking place at different levels of governments that are nested at different territorial levels, their presence in Brussels has offered regions the possibility to become actors in different constellations. Regions are increasingly acknowledged as political spaces and as active actors within European policies, such as the case of Saxony-Anhalt. The paper deals with the active mobilization of Saxony-Anhalt within the multi-level governance framework of the EU with regard to the development of the European Cohesion policy.
THE LESSONS OF MIDDLE EAST INVOLVEMENT
Authors: Larson Mark A.
Published: July 2018

Despite the oft- used phrase, history does not repeat itself. What history does do, however, is offer us lessons. If we do not learn history’s lessons, we will repeat the mistakes of history thereby making it appear that history is indeed repeating itself. Nowhere is this more clear than in the Middle East. To find historical lessons in the Middle East, one should begin by studying the events of World War I. It was during World War I that the composition of the Middle East changed from the indirectly ruled Ottoman Empire, to the collection of nation states that we know today. It is quite fashionable to blame Britain for the outcome of, and all future problems with, this new Middle East. It has become more fashionable to transform the blame in the present age to the United States. In this paper, I will analyze British involvement in the Middle East; beginning with the contradictory wartime agreements that Britain made which would eventually change the shape of the Middle East. I will argue that the problems in the Middle East cannot be blamed solely, or even mostly, on the British or on the Western power who had inherited this blame, the United States. In conclusion, I will develop lessons of history from this period of British involvement in the Middle East; lessons that the United States has yet to learn.
AMERICA’S OBJECTIONS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
Authors: Smaw Eric D.
Published: July 2018

In what follows, I present a combination of philosophical and political perspectives on human rights and the establishment of an international criminal court. I present the United States’ pragmatic objections to establishing an international criminal court. Contrary to the United States’ pragmatic objections, I argue in favor of an international criminal court. Ultimately, I attempt to illustrate that the international criminal court will have protective measures designed to prevent political abuses of justice. When working properly, these protective measures will satisfy the U.S.’s pragmatic concerns. Thus, I conclude, the U.S. ought not abandon its longer history of supporting the establishment of an international criminal court.
Legitimacy in a Federal System
Authors: McKay William
Published: July 2018

Although federalism of various types has existed throughout history, ancient and medieval federations were, on the whole, short-lived.1 Most federations were non-existent by the time of the enlightenment and the rise of nation-states. So-called modern federalism stems from the American republic founded in 1787, which in many ways is the archetypal one, representing the creation of a federal government by compact among several previous constituent units – e pluribus unum. The federalist structure is becoming increasingly popular as 90 percent of states today contain a plurality of national, ethnic or linguistic groups.2 Nevertheless, a normative theory of federalism has not been fully developed.3 Indeed, Wayne Norman notes that in the history of modern political philosophy, questions of federalism have generally attracted no more than a footnote or a chapter, although cursory discussion can be found in the writings of such luminaries as J.S. Mill, Bodin, Grotius, Montesquieu, Bentham, Constant and Sidgwick.4 Such a theory will aid in setting standards with which we can we assess, evaluate, justify, defend or attack the structure and operation of the federal system. Although I do not attempt in this paper to elucidate a complete theory of federalism through a normative lens, I will attempt to demonstrate one of the primary means by which citizens in a federal state (in particular, Canada) evaluate the legitimacy of government action.
Mistakes Made. Will the Council of the Federation Be Effective?
Authors: Cheung Ehren
Published: July 2018

Constitutional issues have always been an integral and controversial part of Canadian politics and federalism since Confederation in 1867. It became even more so after the Second World War as the jurisdictional line became blurred when different levels of government began to introduce programs together. However in this present day with the written Constitution of 1982 patriated without the consent of Quebec, there is an even greater controversy over jurisdictional powers. Particularly with the growing complexity involved with the development of programs and services and the inability for the provincial governments to effectively influence nation-wide policy due to the political nature of the Canadian Senate. The needs of each province/region differs from one another but because of the provinces’/territories’ disagreements on how things should be done, the federal government has frequently taken unilateral action by imposing what it believes is good for Canada and Canadians overall rather than taking in enough consideration for the diversity of this country.
Metarithmisis in Greece: The Emergence of Mediterranean Regimes
Authors: Vamvakas Nancy A.
Published: July 2018

A top-down analysis reveals that there is a change in the relationship between national and subnational authorities which can be attributed to the challenges facing industrialized countries in general, and European Union (EU) member states in particular. Indeed, in the 1980s, the region has been rediscovered by political economists, political scientists, and sociologists. On the one hand, people are turning to their territory as a way of reclaiming what is threatened. On the other, the region can portray itself as an asset on the global market because it is often better able to interact with the growing number of small and medium- sized firms. Decentralization has taken place across much of Europe; reforming the structures of subnational government can be seen as another attempt to modernize political systems. There is also a connection between EU structural policy and decentralization. In the post-1988 period, structural funds provided an opportunity for subnational authorities to influence EU decision-making, and have provoked a decentralist response from central and subnational authorities (Marks, 1992; Bullmann, 1997; Jeffery, 1997). Structural programmes attempt to alleviate economic disparities through transfers and to enhance the competitive capacity of regions. They also seek to arm regions with the necessary infrastructure and skills needed to compete in the internal market. Politically, one aim is to gain the support of peripheral actors by showing themthe benefits of EU membership. More importantly, there are prerequisites as to process which respect the principles of subsidiarity and partnership with the regions which can empower regional actors.
Federal-Provincial Voting and Federal Integration in the Fourth Canadian Party System
Authors: Koop Royce
Published: July 2018

This paper explores a particular form of federal-provincial integration, behavioral integration, in Canada since 1993. It argues that the nature of electoral politics and the party system in Canada since 1993 cannot be fully understood without an understanding of the nature and extent of federal-provincial party integration that occurs within it, especially with regard to differences in such integration between different federal parties and provinces. It argues more specifically that the traditional conception of “Affiliation Integration,” where federal-provincial integration takes place largely between federal and provincial parties of identical partisan affiliation, is still largely valid despite the 1993 electoral dealignment and the rise of two new parties in that election. In order to do so,reviewing the literature on the resulting four forms in Canada. In addition, this section will outline problems with the literature and how this paper addresses them. The second section will present the paper’s research design. In particular, it will outline the three measures of behavioral integration that will be utilized in the analysis section. The third section will test the paper’s hypotheses by measuring behavioral integration in a variety of forms. Finally, the paper will conclude by broadly evaluating federal-provincial integration in Canada since 1993 and by noting how a refined interpretation of such integration furthers our understanding of the Fourth Canadian Party System in general.
THE NOTWITHSTANDING TABOO
Authors: McAdam Richard
Published: July 2018

The existence of the notwithstanding clause in s.33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms allows the federal and provincial governments to overrule the fundamental freedoms and legal and equality rights of Canadian citizens. Built into the override is a sunset clause, requiring governments to renew any legislation using s.33 every five years. The government is also required to state explicitly which Charter rights are being overridden, though in the limited extent to which the override has been used, the invocation of s.33 has always been vague and proclaims to operate notwithstanding all of the relevant sections of the Charter to which the override applies, sections 2 (fundamental freedoms) and 7 to 15 (legal and equality rights).
The Absence of Democracy in Aboriginal Self-Governance Policy
Authors: Berg Gina van den
Published: July 2018

The protracted history of Aboriginal governance policy is ripe with frustrations among First Nations peoples and Canadian governments, the most pronounced aggravation being the federal government. Substantial resistance from Aboriginals often marks each new policy the government introduces. New policies often maintain the paternalistic attitude inherent in government initiatives, which has been very difficult for Aboriginal organizations to eradicate. Although Aboriginal governance policy is currently progressing towards a quasi-cooperative form of policy-making on both sides, this particular policy area continues to encounter significant disparities between policy actors within the Canadian government and Aboriginal organizations. Differences throughout the entire policy process hinder effective policy-making from agenda-setting/problem definition to the outcome/evaluation
PARTITION AND CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION IN INDIA-PAKISTAN AND CYPRUS
Authors: Suzuki Akisato
Published: July 2018

This article argues that partition – a peacebuilding approach in apost-conflict society – can lead to the transformation of intrastate conflict to interstate conflict, thereby providing a helpful insight for further comparison of partition with multi-ethnic settlements such as federalism/powersharing and reconciliation. While advocates of partition maintain that intrastate conflict caused by a security dilemma between ethnic groups can be settled only by partition, this article argues that partition could cause the transformation of conflict rather than settling it. The cases of India-Pakistan and Cyprus provide the empirical evidence. The partition of India and Pakistan transformed intrastate conflict within India into interstate conflict between India and Pakistan including nuclear competition. The partition of Cyprus contributed to interstate conflict between Greece and Turkey. Therefore, this article concludes that the transformation of conflict reduces the value of partition, and that it is necessary to take this point into consideration when partition is compared with alternatives such as federalism/powersharing andreconciliation.
Federalism without Federal Values? Austrian Citizens’ Attitudes towards Federalism and their Effects on Political Culture
Authors: Bußjäger Peter
Published: July 2018

In his 2004 paper “Austria a federation without federalism?” the Canadian researcher Jan Erk stated that “the Austrian federation seems to work more as a unitary system because all political issues are set in a pan-Austrian frame of reference. This is because the federation lacks territorially based societal heterogeneity to sustain a principled commitment to federalism. Societal homogeneity induces a centralist political outlook at all levels of government which undermines the notion of self-rule in constituent units essential for federalism. (…) [T]he empirical evidence strongly suggests that the Austrian federation's centralist disposition stems from its social structure, not its formal constitution.” (Erk 2004: 20) Jan Erk does not stand alone with this estimation; not even in Austria. In the context of the discussion about the reform of Austrian federalism, Ewald Wiederin, an Austrian scholar and expert on federalism, characterized Austrian citizens’ attitudes towards federalism as follows: “Föderalist ist man nicht in der Sache, sondern für das Gemüt.” (“One is not a federalist when it comes to factual issues but for the mind.”) (Wiederin 2004: 58). This statement implies that federalism is deeply rooted in Austrian citizens’ minds and that they value the existence of the nine Länder. Yet, they are not in favor of lively federalism which results in different laws and different standards throughout the country. According to Wiederin Austrians prefer a unitary federation without federal competition among the Länder. Finally, Peter Bußjäger remarks that Austrian federalism is a problem of mentality (Bußjäger 2002: 149). According to Bußjäger citizens approve of unitary living conditions in the whole country while at the same time being in support of the notion that important matters of legislation remain within the autonomous sphere of competencies of the Länder. Presently this paradox seems to shape Austrian federalism. But is it really true? Is there any empirical evidence that substantiates this thesis?
Pedagogical Tools to Enhance the Cognitive Skills of (Humanitarian) Design Engineers: The Rationale
Authors: Colledge Thomas H.
Published: July 2018

This is the first of a series of papers which seek to elaborate upon the cognitive and metacognitive skills which industry has identified as needed by engineers and the descriptions of the pedagogical tools to better prepare the prospective engineers for the careers that lie ahead of them.  The papers describe an alternative way of conceptualizing the engineering curriculum by shifting the focus from learning engineering as a body of disparate knowledge consisting of science courses, engineering science courses, and analysis courses to understanding engineering as a way of thinking – promoting deeper conceptual understanding of core fundamental ideas and preparing students to be lifelong learners.  Focus is placed on the pedagogy for enhancing the cognitive aspects of thinking including adaptive expertise, self-regulated learning, problem-solving skills, critical thinking skills, metacognition and workplace thinking –incorporating engaged scholarship at its core.
Intersectionality: Crossing the Theoretical and Praxis Divide
Authors: Aylward Carol
Published: July 2018

The particular vulnerability to sexual assault that is experienced by women who are Aboriginal, disabled, or Black was discussed by the Coalition in its factum in O’Conner (paragraphs 17 to 24). Other cases will expose the particular operation and intersection of more inequalities that continue not to be acknowledged or challenged by a legal system that fails to invoke the guarantees of section 15. It is material to acknowledge that neither the O’Conner case nor the present appeal represent all the dynamics of power and institutionalized oppression to which women are subject.
Bringing Race Back into Racism: Keynote Address
Authors: Kitossa Tamari
Published: July 2018

Critical Race Inquiry Launch, Sept. 30,2010.  Keynote speaker: Dr. Tamari Kitossa: Bringing Race Back into Racism.
Racial Diversity Deficit in College Football: Fixing the Pipeline
Authors: Kukahiko Keali'i Troy
Published: July 2018

A growing amount of research is being conducted on racial diversity in college football head coaching positions in the United States. However, very little has been conducted on the entry-level positions in college coaching: Graduate Assistants (GAs), Quality Control assistants (QCs) and restricted earnings coaches. These positions represent natural professional trajectories for student-athletes, who constitute the future pool of applicants for college coaching positions. In the United States, the majority of student athletes are nonwhite, but white coaches still dominate the world of college athletics. This paper investigates the pipeline issues that obstruct the matriculation of nonwhite student-athletes and produce what I call the diversity deficit in college football coaching. Existing analyses of empirical data from member institutions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) demonstrate the existence of racial inequality in the profession of coaching. This paper will explain the perpetuation of the diversity deficit by employing Critical Race Theory (CRT) to illustrate how whiteness, color-blindness and tokenism structure college football coaching. The paper then presents new research data that illuminate how power shapes NCAA member institutions and that can aid participants in addressing pipeline issues and the diversity deficit.
Welcome Message from the Incoming Editors
Authors: Viswanathan Leela , Morgensen Scott L.
Published: July 2018

Welcome Message from the Incoming Editors.
Surveillance Studies: an agenda for Latin America
Authors: Botello Nelson Arteaga
Published: July 2018

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate – albeit in a modest way – the conditions that have hampered the development of surveillance studies in Latin America. To do this, first of all, the paper reflects from a theoretical perspective on the processes through which the traditions of social science research are produced, with the aim of understanding, secondly, how studies of public security in Latin America are produced. In the third part, the paper shows how these studies establish a logic of research that sidetracks the importance of surveillance as a specific field of research.  Finally, the paper suggests a need to develop surveillance studies in the Latin American region, with the goal not only of helping to build a particular field of research, but also to initiate a strong critique of the contemporary problems and limits faced by the tradition of studies on public security.
Whither Privacy?
Authors: Rosenzweig Paul
Published: July 2018

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