bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rice Area Inter Annual Variation through a Remote Sensing Based Mapping Algorithm
Authors: Elshorbagy A. M. , Imam E. H. , Nour M. H.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Rice is the main water-consuming crop planted in Egypt Delta. Constrained with the limited water resources, mapping rice is essential for any better water resources management. Xiao (2005) developed an algorithm for rice mapping by studying the dynamics of three vegetation indices the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Land surface water index (LSWI). Rice main differentiating feature is being planted in flooded land. Thus moisture sensitive index like LSWI will temporally exceed the EVI or the NDVI signalling rice transplanting. Xiao (2005) utilized MODIS free satellite imagery (500 m spatial resolution). However its coarse resolution combined with the Egyptian complex landscape raised the need for the algorithm modification. In this piece of work a low – cost rice mapping algorithm was developed. The multi resolution (MODIS 250 m red and near infrared bands) and (MODIS 500 m – shortwave infrared and blue bands) were utilized. The arable land was mapped through the utilization of the NDVI and applying it on MODIS 250 m (fine spatial resolution) scenes. The MODIS fine temporal resolution (MOD09A1 product) was utilized to study the LSWI, NDVI and EVI dynamics throughout the rice planting season. The non-arable land from MODIS 250 m was then used to refine the rice area calculated from the MODIS 500 m imagery. The algorithm was applied on the Egypt delta region in years 2008, 2009, and 2010. The mapped rice areas were enhanced from the MODIS 250 m arable mapping module and the results of the algorithm were validated against annual areas reports. There was good agreement between the estimated areas from the algorithm and the reports. Inter annual variation in rice areas was successfully mapped. In addition, the rice area and probable transplanting dates conforms to local planting practices. The findings of this study indicate that the algorithm can be used for rice mapping on a timely and frequent manner.
Regulations in the field of Geo-Information
Authors: Felus Y. , Keinan E. , Regev R.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. The geomatics profession has gone through a major revolution during the last two decades with the emergence of advanced GNSS, GIS and Remote Sensing technologies. These technologies have changed the core principles and working procedures of geomatics professionals. For this reason, surveying and mapping regulations, standards and specifications should be updated to reflect these changes. In Israel, the "Survey Regulations" is the principal document that regulates the professional activities in four key areas geodetic control, mapping, cadastre and Georaphic information systems. Licensed Surveyors and mapping professionals in Israel are required to work according to those regulations. This year a new set of regulations have been published and include a few major amendments as follows: In the Geodesy chapter, horizontal control is officially based on the Israeli network of Continuously Operating GNSS Reference Stations (CORS). The regulations were phrased in a manner that will allow minor datum changes to the CORS stations due to Earth Crustal Movements. Moreover, the regulations permit the use of GNSS for low accuracy height measurements. In the Cadastre chapter, the most critical change is the move to Coordinate Based Cadastre (CBC). Each parcel corner point is ranked according to its quality (accuracy and clarity of definition). The highest ranking for a parcel corner is 1. A point with a rank of 1 is defined by its coordinates alone. Any other contradicting evidence is inferior to the coordinates values. Cadastral Information is stored and managed via the National Cadastral Databases. In the Mapping and GIS chapter; the traditional paper maps (ranked by scale) are replaced by digital maps or spatial databases. These spatial databases are ranked by their quality level. Quality level is determined (similar to the ISO19157 Standard) by logical consistency, completeness, positional accuracy, attribute accuracy, temporal accuracy and usability. Metadata is another critical component of any spatial database. Every component in a map should have a metadata identification, even if the map was compiled from multiple resources. The regulations permit the use of advanced sensors and mapping techniques including LIDAR and digita l cameras that have been certified and meet the defined criteria. The article reviews these new regulations and the decision that led to them.
3D Mesh Automatic Blanking and Split Technology in Urban Planning
Authors: Feng H. , Fan H. , Ding W. , Zhu Z. B. , Chen X. M. , Zhang C. H.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. In 3D digital urban planning applications, a model file may contain multiple building models, however, a single model or model component are very often needed to be used and operated independently. This paper studies 3D model segmentation and blanking technology in 3D urban planning. Three kinds of blanking and segmentation methods are in detail discussed. Finally, a 3D planning prototyping system is developed that include blanking and segmentation functions of the model. The experiment and their results verify the feasibility and efficiency of the method this paper proposed.
Remarks on rotating shallow-water magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Zeitlin V.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. We show how the rotating shallow-water MHD model, which was proposed in the solar tachocline context, may be systematically derived by vertical averaging of the full MHD equations for the rotating magneto fluid under the influence of gravity. The procedure highlights the main approximations and the domain of validity of the model, and allows for multi-layer generalizations and, hence, inclusion of the baroclinic effects. A quasi-geostrophic version of the model, both in barotropic and in baroclinic cases, is derived in the limit of strong rotation. The basic properties of the model(s) are sketched, including the stabilizing role of magnetic fields in the baroclinic version.
O contexto informacional do blog para a disseminação da informação: uma análise teórico
Authors: Pontes Vanildo Pereira
Published: October 2013

A ferramenta Blog cresce a cada dia em nossa sociedade sob um contexto dinâmico e interativo, o mesmo surge com a intenção de possibilitar novas formas de usar a escrita para se comunicar e também fazer a divulgação das informações do dia-a-dia. A partir dessas constatações, este artigo propõe fazer uma análise desta ferramenta virtual, no intuito de promover a disseminação e a troca de informações sobre a mesma, que a cada momento está inserida em nosso cotidiano. O processo metodológico foi executado em forma de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cuja apresentação dos itens abordados no trabalho foi pesquisada por fontes de informações especializadas no assunto. O artigo resultou em compreender o blog como uma ferramenta simples; mas apresenta um papel essencial na vida das pessoas, sob informações relevantes na sua compreensão e participação em nossa sociedade.
Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties of Two Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Constructed from 1,4-Bis(benzimidazolyl)butane
Authors: He Cui-Hong , Hao Jin-Ming , Xiao Shu-Lin , Cui Guang Hua
Published: October 2013

Using a hydrothermal synthesis method, two silver(I) complexes, [Ag(bbbm)(1,3-HBDC)]n (1) and [Ag(bbbm)(1,2-HBDC)]n (2) (bbbm = 1,1´-(1,4-butanediyl)bis-1H-benzimidazole, 1,3-H2BDC = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-H2BDC = 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and singlecrystal X-ray diffraction. The silver centers display different environments with a distorted T-shaped geometry in 1, and a linear geometry in 2. Both chain structures of 1 and 2 are bridged by bbbm in a bis-monodentate coordination mode. 1 is further linked to generate a 3D supramolecular architecture via p-p stacking interactions and intermolecular O-H· · ·O hydrogen bonding. In 2, the ribbon-like chains are additionally assembled by two p-p stacking modes to form a layer motif. The photoluminescence of 1 and 2 was investigated in the solid state. 1 and 2 possess a remarkable activity for degradation of methyl orange by persulfate in a Fenton-like process.
From REZnSn to REZnSnH1:5 (RE = Pr, Nd) – Inducing Ferromagnetism through Hydrogenation
Authors: Reker Bastian , Chevalier Bernard , Niehaus Oliver , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: October 2013

The ternary stannides PrZnSn and NdZnSn were synthesized by induction-melting of the elements in sealed tantalum tubes. They were characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction: YPtAs-type structure, P63=mmc, a = 455:4(1) and c = 1650:3(2) pm, wR2=0.0266, 297 F2 for PrZnSn and a = 453:7(1) and c = 1637:0(4) pm, wR2=0.1558, 234 F2 for NdZnSn with 12 variables per refinement. PrZnSn and NdZnSn are AlB2 superstructures with slightly puckered and ordered [Zn3Sn3] hexagons in AA´BB´ stacking sequence along the crystallographic c axis. Hydrogenation results in the new hexagonal hydrides PrZnSnH1:5 (a = 447:98(8) and c = 1707:5(5) pm) and NdZnSnH1:5 (a = 448:28(8) and c = 1689:8(2) pm). Filling of RE3Zn tetrahedra by hydrogen leads to anisotropic changes of the lattice parameters and a drastic flattening of the [Zn3Sn3] layers. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show Curie-Weiss behavior for PrZnSn and NdZnSn with experimental magnetic moments close to the free-ion values of RE3+. Magnetic ordering is detected at 4.7 (PrZnSn) and 6:5 K (NdZnSn). Hydrogenation induces ferromagnetism with increased ordering temperatures of 12.0 (PrZnSnH1:5) and 14:5 K (NdZnSnH1:5).
High-pressure Syntheses and Characterization of the Rare-earth Fluoride Borates RE2(BO3)F3 (RE=Tb, Dy, Ho)
Authors: Hinteregger Ernst , Enders Michael , Pitscheider Almut , Wurst Klaus , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert
Published: October 2013

The new rare-earth fluoride borates RE2(BO3)F3 (RE=Tb, Dy, Ho) were synthesized under highpressure/ high-temperature conditions of 1:5 GPa=1200 °C for Tb2(BO3)F3 and 3:0 GPa=900 °C for Dy2(BO3)F3 and Ho2(BO3)F3 in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus from the corresponding rareearth sesquioxides, rare-earth fluorides, and boron oxide. The single-crystal structure determinations revealed that the new compounds are isotypic to the known rare-earth fluoride borate Gd2(BO3)F3. The new rare-earth fluoride borates crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c (Z = 8) with the lattice parameters a=16:296(3), b=6:197(2), c=8:338(2) Å , b =93:58(3)° for Tb2(BO3)F3, a= 16:225(3), b = 6:160(2), c = 8:307(2) Å , b = 93:64(3)° for Dy2(BO3)F3, and a = 16:189(3), b = 6:124(2), c = 8:282(2) Å , β= 93:69(3)° for Ho2(BO3)F3. The four crystallographically different rare-earth cations (CN=9) are surrounded by oxygen and fluoride anions. All boron atoms form isolated trigonal-planar [BO3]3- groups. The six crystallographically different fluoride anions are in a nearly planar coordination by three rare-earth cations.
Quick Reads: Sure, We Can Make Smaller Pieces
Authors: Gilbert Michael J.
Published: October 2013

The topic of limit is explored by examining a circle's successively smaller sectors.
Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Delivery of Irinotecan-Activating Carboxylesterases to Glioma: Implications for Clinical Use
Authors: Metz Marianne Z. , Gutova Margarita , Lacey Simon F. , Abramyants Yelena , Vo Tien , Gilchrist Megan , Tirughana Revathiswari , Ghoda Lucy Y. , Barish Michael E. , Brown Christine E. , Najbauer Joseph , Potter Philip M. , Portnow Jana , Synold Timothy W. , Aboody Karen S.
Published: October 2013

CPT-11 (irinotecan) has been investigated as a treatment for malignant brain tumors. However, limitations of CPT-11 therapy include low levels of the drug entering brain tumor sites and systemic toxicities associated with higher doses. Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer a novel way to overcome these obstacles because of their inherent tumor tropism and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which enables them to selectively target brain tumor sites. Carboxylesterases (CEs) are enzymes that can convert the prodrug CPT-11 (irinotecan) to its active metabolite SN-38, a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. We have adenovirally transduced an established clonal human NSC line (HB1.F3.CD) to express a rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) or a modified human CE (hCE1m6), which are more effective at converting CPT-11 to SN-38 than endogenous human CE. We hypothesized that NSC-mediated CE/CPT-11 therapy would allow tumor-localized production of SN-38 and significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy of irinotecan. Here, we report that transduced NSCs transiently expressed high levels of active CE enzymes, retained their tumor-tropic properties, and mediated an increase in the cytotoxicity of CPT-11 toward glioma cells. CE-expressing NSCs (NSC.CEs), whether administered intracranially or intravenously, delivered CE to orthotopic human glioma xenografts in mice. NSC-delivered CE catalyzed conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38 locally at tumor sites. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of NSC-mediated delivery of CE to glioma and lay the foundation for translational studies of this therapeutic paradigm to improve clinical outcome and quality of life in patients with malignant brain tumors.
Tolerability and safety of antifungal drugs
Authors: Scaglione Francesco
Published: October 2013

When treating critically ill patients, as those with fungal infections, attention should be focused on the appropriate use of drugs, especially in terms of dose, safety, and tolerability. The fungal infection itself and the concomitant physiological disorders concur to increase the risk of mortality in these patients, therefore the use of any antifungal agent should be carefully evaluated, considering both the direct action on the target fungus and the adverse effects eventually caused. Among antifungal drugs, echinocandins have the greatest tolerability. In fact, unlike amphotericin B, showing nephrotoxicity, and azoles, which are hepatotoxic, the use of echinocandins doesn’t result in major adverse events.
Les Bienveillantes et les limites de la littérature
Authors: Toma Cosmin
Published: October 2013

Au lieu de chercher à contourner la proscription qui pèse sur les représentations littéraires de la Shoah, Les Bienveillantes de Jonathan Littell se précipite à la rencontre du scandale médiatique en prenant le parti de la transgression. Or cette transgression n’est pas une simple « pornographie de l’horreur », puisqu’elle se donne également pour objet d’explorer les limites de la notion de littérature, qui revêt une importance primordiale pour l’auteur et pour son roman. L’« espace littéraire » devient, dans Les Bienveillantes, singulièrement apte à accueillir une âpre confrontation entre esthétique et historiographie, notamment en musicalisant la structure de la bureaucratie nazie, qui devient ainsi l’un des moteurs formalistes du récit lui-même. Cette contamination du réel par le littéraire donne également lieu à une recherche de la vérité qui exalte l’invraisemblance pour mieux dire les limites des disciplines du savoir (notamment l’historiographie) au nom d’une rupture de l’histoire qui serait la vérité même de la Shoah. Ce « dis-cours », sensible tout au long du roman, se place sous l’égide d’auteurs tels que Georges Bataille et Louis-Ferdinand Céline, mais c’est surtout Maurice Blanchot qui semble avoir le plus fortement influencé Les Bienveillantes. En effet, non seulement Blanchot est-il cité dans le roman, mais on y retrouve également de nombreuses traces de la pensée blanchotienne du « mourir », telle qu’elle s’expose dans Le pas au-delà. Les gestes transgressifs et délibérément sadiens qui traversent le roman d’un bout à l’autre se révèlent ici être indissociables d’une conception dont Blanchot est le garant littéraire : l’écriture comme proximité, voire expérience de la mort de l’autre, ainsi que de la mort comme Autre. Ainsi, la transgression opérée par Les Bienveillantes se révèle être à l’origine de la force proprement éthique du roman.
At the Borders Between Translation and Parody: Lydia Davis’s Story about Marie Curie
Authors: Evans Jonathan
Published: October 2013

Lydia Davis’s story “Marie Curie, So Honorable Woman” poses a number of questions related to its status. It is presented as a story, but it is constructed from translations of extracts of Françoise Giroud’sUne femme honorable, which Davis had previously translated asMarie Curie: A Life. This article analyses how the story questions the borders between translation and other forms of intertextual writing. First it analyses how the text was presented in its magazine publication inMcSweeney’s Quarterly Concernunder the title “Translation Exercise #1: Marie Curie, Honorable Woman.” It then discusses how Davis’s use of abridgement in this story and other stories is similar to translation before analysing the translations in the story, which exaggerate the interference from the source language. Along with the choice of extracts, this translation strategy suggests that the story is a parody. It follows the legal and literary definitions of the parody because it exhibits a critical distance from its source text. But it is parody of a text which is not well known in the target culture and so it is unlikely to be recognised as a parody by readers. As a text, “Marie Curie, So Honorable Woman” questions the relationship between translation and parody, but it also questions ideas about representation through its style and its relation to its source text.
Proteins pinpoint double strand breaks
Authors: Cox Michael M
Published: October 2013

Combining green fluorescent protein with a protein that only binds to double strand breaks in DNA allows these breaks—which are an important form of DNA damage—to be detected with high efficiency in living bacteria.
Estimation of ICESat intercampaign elevation biases from comparison of lidar data in East Antarctica
Authors: Hofton M. A. , Luthcke S. B. , Blair J. B.
Published: October 2013

The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser campaign elevation biases are estimated from an analysis of ICESat and airborne Land, Vegetation, and Ice Sensor lidar intrasensor and intersensor elevation differences from two regions of the Antarctic ice sheet that experienced minimal surface elevation change. Elevation observations are corrected for a combination of accumulation, melting, and firn densification processes and glacial isostatic adjustment. ICESat elevations are adjusted for the saturation and Gaussian‐Centroid corrections. Relative to laser campaign L3I, biases are found to be less than ∼8 cm, except for campaign L2E at 14.72 cm corresponding to the time of a significant accumulation anomaly in East Antarctica. The intercampaign bias trend estimated from intersensor elevation differences computed over campaigns L2A to L2F (September 2003 to October 2009) excluding L2E is 1.04 ± 0.48 cm/yr. The intercampaign bias trend represents a correction to ICESat derived Antarctica mass balance of 117 ± 53 Gt/yr.
Improved simulation of extreme precipitation in a high‐resolution atmosphere model
Authors: Kopparla Pushkar , Fischer Erich M. , Hannay Cécile , Knutti Reto
Published: October 2013

Climate models often underestimate the magnitude of extreme precipitation. We compare the performance of a high‐resolution (∼0.25°) time‐slice atmospheric simulation (1979–2005) of the Community Earth System Model 1.0 in representing daily extreme precipitation events against those of the same model at lower resolutions (∼1° and 2°). We find significant increases in the simulated levels of daily extreme precipitation over Europe, the United States, and Australia. In many cases the increase in high percentiles (>95th) of daily precipitation leads to better agreement with observational data sets. For lower percentiles, we find that increasing resolution does not significantly increase values of simulated precipitation. We argue that the reduced biases mainly result from the higher resolution models resolving more key physical processes controlling heavy precipitation. We conclude that while high resolution is vital for accurately simulating extreme precipitation, considerable biases remain at the highest available model resolutions.
Global‐scale land surface hydrologic modeling with the representation of water table dynamics
Authors: Koirala Sujan , Yeh Pat J.‐F. , Hirabayashi Yukiko , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan
Published: October 2013

Water table dynamics, a basic hydrologic process, was traditionally not considered in global‐scale land surface models (LSMs). In this study, a representation of water table dynamics is integrated into a global LSM to address the shortcomings of existing global‐scale modeling studies and the appropriateness of specifying certain parameters as globally constant. Evaluation of model simulation using globally varying parameters against river discharge observations in selected large rivers shows improvements when the water table dynamics is included in the model. The mechanisms by which the water table dynamics affects land surface hydrologic simulation are then investigated by analyzing the sensitivity simulation of groundwater (GW) capillary flux. The result indicates that global mean evapotranspiration (ET) increases by ~9% when GW capillary flux is considered. The semiarid regions with marked dry season have the largest increase (~25%), while the humid and high‐latitude regions with sufficient moisture but limited radiation energy have the smallest increase. Increase in ET is more pronounced in dry season when GW recharge becomes negative (upward moisture supply from the aquifer), but its magnitude depends on the water table depth (WTD). On the other hand, a deeper WTD caused by the GW capillary flux is found to decrease runoff throughout the year in regions with a large increase in ET in dry season only. Based on our modeling result, about 50% of global land area (especially in humid and high‐latitude regions) is simulated to have the mean WTD shallower than 5 m, which emphasizes the significance of representing water table dynamics in global‐scale LSMs.
Material Crystallinity as a Determinant of Triplet Dynamics and Oxygen Quenching in Donor Polymers for Organic Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Soon Ying W. , Shoaee Safa , Ashraf Raja Shahid , Bronstein Hugo , Schroeder Bob C. , Zhang Weimin , Fei Zhuping , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain , Durrant James R.
Published: October 2013

This paper is concerned with the photophysics of triplet excitons in conjugated donor polymers, and their quenching by molecular oxygen. These photophysics are assayed by transient absorption spectroscopy, and correlated with X‐ray diffraction measurements of relative material crystallinity. Eleven different donor polymers are considered, including representatives from several classes of donor polymers recently developed for organic solar cell applications. Triplet lifetimes in an inert (nitrogen) environment range from <100 ns to 5 μs. A remarkably quantitative correlation is observed between these triplet lifetimes and polymer XRD strength, with more crystalline polymers exhibiting shorter triplet lifetimes. Given the broad range of polymers considered, this correlation indicates that material crystallinity is the dominant factor determining triplet lifetime for the polymers studied herein. The rate constant for oxygen quenching of these triplet states, determined from a comparison of transient absorption data under inert and oxygen environments, also show a correlation with material crystallinity. Overall these dependencies result in the yield of oxygen quenching of polymer triplet states increasing strongly as the crystallinity of the polymer is reduced. These photophysical data are compared with photochemical stability of these donor polymers, assayed by photobleaching studies of polymer films under continuous light exposure in an oxygen environment. A partial correlation is observed, with the most stable polymers being the most crystalline, exhibiting negligible oxygen quenching yields. These results are discussed in terms of the likely origins of the correlations between material crystallinity and photophysics, and in terms of their implications for the environmental stability of such donor polymers in optoelectronic devices.
Chiral separation of phenylalanine and tryptophan by capillary electrophoresis using a mixture of β‐CD and chiral ionic liquid ([TBA] [l‐ASP]) as selectors
Authors: Yujiao Wu , Guoyan Wang , Wenyan Zhao , Hongfen Zhang , Huanwang Jing , Anjia Chen
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a simple, effective and green capillary electrophoresis separation and detection method was developed for the quantification of underivatized amino acids (dl‐phenylalanine; dl‐tryptophan) using β‐Cyclodextrin and chiral ionic liquid ([TBA] [l‐ASP]) as selectors. Separation parameters such as buffer concentrations, pH, β‐CD and chiral ionic liquid concentrations and separation voltage were investigated for the enantioseparation in order to achieve the maximum possible resolution. A good separation was achieved in a background electrolyte composed of 15 mm sodium tetraborate, 5 mm β‐CD and 4 mm chiral ionic liquid at pH 9.5, and an applied voltage of 10 kV. Under optimum conditions, linearity was achieved within concentration ranges from 0.08 to 10 µg/mL for the analytes with correlation coefficients from 0.9956 to 0.9998, and the analytes were separated in less than 6 min with efficiencies up to 970,000 plates/m. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of amino acid enantiomers in compound amino acids injections, such as 18AA‐I, 18AA‐II and 3AA. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed Heat Supply for Distillation Control to Reduce Feed Composition Disturbance Effects
Authors: Marangoni C. , Machado R. A. F. , Bolzan A.
Published: October 2013

The introduction of heat in stages combined with a reboiler as a distillation control strategy is proposed aiming to reduce the transition time when a feed composition disturbance occurs. This is the most severe type of perturbation and results in long transition times which are economically undesirable. Experiments were carried out in a pilot distillation column with ethanol and water for testing two different control strategies: conventional, i.e., using both last stage and reboiler temperature controllers, and distributed, i.e., conventional strategy plus stage temperature controllers. The results with this operational approach indicated a significant reduction in the time required for the column to stabilize when compared with the conventional approach. The proposed strategy proved to be a viable alternative, enabling faster dynamics and smaller volumes to be processed outside the predefined quality parameters.
Sustainable Urban Drainage System Modeling for Managing Urban Surface Water Flood Risk
Authors: Ellis J. Bryan , Viavattene Christophe
Published: October 2013

The identification of “critical drainage areas” to quantify “hotspot” flood and pollution risks associated with extreme event urban surface runoff is central to Stormwater Management Plans and Water Framework Directive catchment planning. An innovative geographic information system‐based 1D–2D modeling analysis coupled with a drainage assessment tool is described which addresses this methodological requirement. The modeling approach further integrates a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS) tool called SUDSLOC to provide a stakeholder‐friendly surface water management framework. The modeling approach is illustrated by reference to two small urban catchments within the cities of Birmingham and Coventry in the Midlands region of England and the benefits of utilizing ground‐based “light detection and ranging” survey to build the surface micro‐topography are demonstrated. The performance effectiveness of the selected SUDS controls was explored and the utility of the graphical animated outputs are discussed. Whilst the implemented SUDS controls exhibit substantial reductions (>57%) in total discharge volumes for storms up to 1:30 year return periods, there are very limited volumetric reductions for storm events exceeding this return period.
1‐(2‐Pyridyl)‐3‐ferrocenylpyrazoline‐Based Multichannel Signaling Receptors for Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Ions
Authors: Kumar Chakka Kiran , Trivedi Rajiv , Kumar Kanaparthi Ravi , Giribabu Lingamallu , Sridhar Balasubramanian
Published: October 2013

A simple one‐pot synthesis, the characterization, optoelectronic, and cation sensing properties of 1‐(2‐pyridyl)‐3‐ferrocenylpyrazolines 4–6 are described in this article. Reaction of ferrocenyl chalcones with 2‐hydrazinopyridine gave the target compounds in good yield. These compounds were characterized by general spectroscopic techniques and the structure of 4 was determined by means of X‐ray crystallography. These ferrocene compounds behave as selective multichannel chemosensors (redox, chromogenic, and fluorescent) in the presence of Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions. The binding assay and recognition ability of these receptors towards the metal ions were explained by electrochemical and optical studies. A maximum cathodic shift in the redox potential of the ferrocenium couple was observed towards the Co2+ ion (ΔE1/2 = 99–156 mV), while a minimum shift was observed with the Zn2+ ion (ΔE1/2 = 72–129 mV) on complexation with these receptors. Disappearance of the high‐energy (HE) band and a red shift (Δλ = 7–13 nm) of the low‐energy (LE) band in the absorption spectra of the receptors 4 and 5 was observed upon complexation with these metal ions. This change in absorption was accompanied by a color change from yellow to red/brown, which enabled potential “naked eye” detection. The emission spectra (λex = 350 nm) of receptor 4, in the presence of these cations, showed a 2–7‐fold increment in the chelation‐enhancement fluorescence (CHEF) and a 4–9‐fold increase in the quantum yield.
Oxidative C–Se Coupling of Formamides and Diselenides by Using Aqueous tert‐But­yl Hydroperoxide: A Convenient Synthesis of Selenocarbamates
Authors: Singh Pushpinder , Batra Aanchal , Singh Paramjit , Kaur Amarjit , Singh Kamal Nain
Published: October 2013

An oxidative coupling reaction between formamides and diselenides under metal‐free conditions is described. The C–Se bond formation occurred exclusively at the carbonyl carbon by using aqueous tert‐butyl hydroperoxide and 4 Å molecular sieves and the coupled products, selenocarbamates, were obtained in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Nitro‐ or 4‐Chloro‐Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles from Hydrazones and β‐Halo‐β‐nitrostyrenes
Authors: Deng Xiaohu , Liang Jimmy T. , Mani Neelakandha S.
Published: October 2013

We report an acid‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of hydrazones with β‐bromo‐ or β‐chloro‐β‐nitrostyrenes for the regioselective synthesis of 4‐nitro‐ or 4‐chloro‐tetrasubstituted pyrazoles. Arising from a common 4‐halo‐4‐nitropyrazolidine intermediate, the identity of the pyrazole product formed is dependent on the relative leaving group abilities of the halo and nitro substituents.
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activation-induced hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein receptor overexpression in response to oxidative stress contributes to alcoholic liver disease in mice
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Dou Xiaobing , Li Songtao , Zhang Ximei , Sun Xinguo , Zhou Zhanxiang , Song Zhenyuan
Published: October 2013

Chronic alcohol consumption leads to hypertriglyceridemia, which is positively associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, whether and how it contributes to the development of fatty liver and liver injury are largely unknown. In this study we demonstrate that chronic alcohol exposure differently regulates the expression of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) in adipose tissue and the liver. Whereas adipose tissue VLDLR is significantly down-regulated, its hepatic expression is dramatically increased after chronic alcohol feeding. While HepG2 cells stably overexpressing VLDLR manifests increased intracellular triglyceride accumulation, VLDLR-deficient mice are protective against fatty liver and liver injury after chronic alcohol exposure. Mechanistic investigations using both in vitro and in vivo systems reveal that oxidative stress-induced nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activation plays a critical role in alcohol-induced VLDLR up-regulation in hepatocytes, but not in adipocytes. Oxidative stress enhances VLDLR gene expression and protein abundance in primary hepatocytes, concomitant with the Nrf2 activation. Conversely, Nrf2 gene silencing abrogates oxidative stress-induced VLDLR up-regulation in the liver, but not in adipose tissue. In mice, alcohol exposure induces hepatic oxidative stress and Nrf2 activation. Supplementation of N-acetylcysteine alleviates fatty liver and liver injury induced by chronic alcohol exposure, which is associated with suppressed Nrf2 activation and attenuated VLDLR increase in the liver. Furthermore, in comparison to wild-type counterparts, Nrf2-deficient mice demonstrate attenuated hepatic VLDLR expression increase in response to chronic alcohol exposure. Conclusion: Chronic alcohol consumption differently alters VLDLR expression in adipose tissue and the liver. Oxidative stress-induced Nrf2 activation is mechanistically involved in VLDLR overexpression in hepatocytes in response to chronic alcohol consumption. Hepatic VLDLR overexpression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALD. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1381-1392)
Chitosan scaffold co‐cultured with keratinocyte and fibroblast heals full thickness skin wounds in rabbit
Authors: Revi Deepa , Paul Willi , Anilkumar T.V. , Sharma Chandra P.
Published: October 2013

This study evaluated the modulatory effect of chitosan sponge co‐cultured with keratinocyte and fibroblast on wound healing. Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte isolated from rabbit skin were co‐cultured on chitosan sponge, to fabricate cell‐loaded chitosan tissue engineered construct. Full thickness excision wounds created on the rabbit dorsum were treated with three types of graft materials – a noncellular chitosan graft, homologous keratinocyte fibroblast loaded chitosan, and a commercial product. Postgraft skin‐wound samples were examined histomorphologically at 7th, 14th, and 28th day after staining with hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red and/or immunohistochemistry. Wound healing parameters considered were the extent of re‐epithelialization, collagen deposition, and neoangiogenesis. The number of proliferating cells, vimentin positive cells, and alpha smooth muscle actin cells were also quantified. The histology results suggested that the grafts aided wound healing but, the cell‐loaded graft induced a differential pattern of healing and had lower scarring tendency. The cell‐loaded tissue construct may be useful as a therapeutic graft for treating wounds where there is a total loss of tissue and cells as in burn injury. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiomedMater Res Part A: 102A: 3273–3281, 2014
Characterization of scaffold carriers for BMP9‐transduced osteoblastic progenitor cells in bone regeneration
Authors: Shui Wei , Zhang Wenwen , Yin Liangjun , Nan Guoxin , Liao Zhan , Zhang Hongmei , Wang Ning , Wu Ningning , Chen Xian , Wen Sheng , He Yunfeng , Deng Fang , Zhang Junhui , Luu Hue H. , Shi Lewis L. , Hu Zhenming , Haydon Rex C. , Mok James M. , He Tong‐Chuan
Published: October 2013

Successful bone tissue engineering at least requires sufficient osteoblast progenitors, efficient osteoinductive factors, and biocompatible scaffolding materials. We have demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent factors in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors. To facilitate the potential use of cell‐based BMP9 gene therapy for bone regeneration, we characterize the in vivo osteoconductive activities and bone regeneration potential of three clinically used scaffold materials, type I collagen sponge, hydroxyapatite‐tricalcium phosphate (HA‐TCP), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM), using BMP9‐expressing C2C12 osteoblastic progenitor cells. We find that recombinant adenovirus‐mediated BMP9 expression effectively induces osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Although direct subcutaneous injection of BMP9‐transduced C2C12 cells forms ectopic bony masses, subcutaneous implantation of BMP9‐expressing C2C12 cells with collagen sponge or HA‐TCP scaffold yields the most robust and mature cancellous bone formation, whereas the DBM carrier group forms no or minimal bone masses. Our results suggest that collagen sponge and HA‐TCP scaffold carriers may provide more cell‐friendly environment to support the survival, propagation, and ultimately differentiation of BMP9‐expressing progenitor cells. This line of investigation should provide important experimental evidence for further preclinical studies in BMP9‐mediated cell‐based approach to bone tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3429–3438, 2014.
Clients’ Pretreatment Role Expectations, the Therapeutic Alliance, and Clinical Outcomes in Outpatient Therapy
Authors: Patterson Candace L. , Anderson Timothy , Wei Christina
Published: October 2013

Objectives

The present study examined the associations between pretreatment role expectations, working alliance, and therapy outcome. A mediational model was hypothesized wherein the therapeutic alliance mediates the relationship between clients’ pretreatment role expectations and psychotherapy outcome.

Method

Sixty‐eight clients completed the Expectations About Counseling‐Brief Form at pretreatment, the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Form Revised after Session 3, and the Outcome Questionairre‐45 at both pretreatment and the final session.

Results

All 3 expectations factors (Personal Commitment, Facilitative Conditions, Counselor Expertise) were related to the alliance. However, only expectations for Counselor Expertise were related to outcome, although this relationship did not appear to be mediated by the alliance.

Conclusions

Suggested research directions, clinical implications, and study limitations are discussed.
Comparison of block and event‐related experimental designs in diffusion‐weighted functional MRI
Authors: Williams Rebecca J. , McMahon Katie L. , Hocking Julia , Reutens David C.
Published: October 2013

Purpose

To compare diffusion‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (DfMRI), a novel alternative to the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast, in a functional MRI experiment.

Materials and Methods

Nine participants viewed contrast reversing (7.5 Hz) black‐and‐white checkerboard stimuli using block and event‐related paradigms. DfMRI (b = 1800 mm/s2) and BOLD sequences were acquired. Four parameters describing the observed signal were assessed: percent signal change, spatial extent of the activation, the Euclidean distance between peak voxel locations, and the time‐to‐peak of the best fitting impulse response for different paradigms and sequences.

Results

The BOLD conditions showed a higher percent signal change relative to DfMRI; however, event‐related DfMRI showed the strongest group activation (t = 21.23, P < 0.0005). Activation was more diffuse and spatially closer to the BOLD response for DfMRI when the block design was used. DfMRIevent showed the shortest TTP (4.4 ± 0.88 sec).

Conclusion

The hemodynamic contribution to DfMRI may increase with the use of block designs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:367–375. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sural mononeuropathy: A report of 36 cases
Authors: Yuebing Li , Lederman Richard J.
Published: October 2013

Introduction: Isolated sural mononeuropathy is rare and frequently constitutes a diagnostic challenge. Methods: This investigation was a retrospective study of sural neuropathy at a single electrodiagnostic center. Results: Our study included 36 patients with sural neuropathy, the largest sample so far reported. Non‐surgical, non‐traumatic etiologies account for 50% of the cases, including 7 patients with inflammatory or vasculitic conditions. Routine sural conduction study was positive in 34 of 36 patients, whereas a distal recording method was used to verify the diagnosis of sural mononeuropathy in 2 patients. Most (58%) patients did not require specific treatment, but persistent sensory symptoms were seen in a minority of cases. Sural nerve biopsy in 1 patient helped diagnostic and treatment planning. Conclusions: Sural mononeuropathy has distinct etiologic, clinical, and electrophysiological features. Recognition can be beneficial in treating patients with sensory symptoms involving the distal lower extremity. Muscle Nerve 49:443–445, 2014
The fixed charge problem
Authors: Hirsch Warren M. , Dantzig George B.
Published: October 2013

A fundamental unsolved problem in the programming area is one in which various activities have fixed charges (e.g., set‐up time charges) if operating at a positive level. Properties of a general solution to this type problem are discussed in this paper. Under special circumstances it is shown that a fixed charge problem can be reduced to an ordinary linear programming problem.
An inventory problem with obsolescence
Authors: Pierskalla William P.
Published: October 2013

A stochastic single product convex cost inventory problem is considered in which there is a probability, πj, that the product will become obsolete in the future period j. In an interesting paper, Barankin and Denny essentially formulate the model, but do not describe some of its interesting and relevant ramifications. This paper is written not only to bring out some of these ramifications, but also to describe some computational results using this model. The computational results show that if obsolescence is a distinct possibility in the near future, it is quite important that the probabilities of obsolescence be incorporated into the model before computing the optimal policies.
POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THREE SPECIES OF CO‐DISTRIBUTED SALMONID FISHES IN THE PEACE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES NEAR A MAJOR PROPOSED HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA
Authors: Taylor E. B. , Yau M. M. , Mattock A. B.
Published: October 2013

Dam construction and reservoir formation represent profound anthropogenic alterations to natural riverscapes, especially in terms of connectivity in migratory fishes. The Peace River in northeastern British Columbia (BC), Canada, is the largest river system in BC, home to 39 native fishes and currently has two major hydroelectric projects, and a third one (‘Site C’) is proposed. Three co‐distributed and migratory fishes, the bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and the mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) are key species in the Peace River ecologically and in terms of recreational fisheries. We examined microsatellite DNA variation in these species to assess genetic diversity, levels of population subdivision and connectivity to better understand potential impacts and to provide baseline information for subsequent monitoring. Expected heterozygosity and number of alleles averaged 0.65 and 7.7, 0.73 and 11.9, and 0.72 and 10.8 for bull trout (nine loci), Arctic grayling (10 loci) and mountain whitefish (10 loci), respectively. Estimates of the effective number of breeders (Nb) ranged from 35 to 255 for bull trout to over 3700 for Arctic grayling. Population subdivision (FST, θ) was 0.040, 0.063 and 0.023 in bull trout, Arctic grayling and mountain whitefish, respectively (all p < 0.001). Temporal differences within localities for all species accounted for <1% of total variation in allele frequencies. An estimated 6.2% (mountain whitefish), 4.6% (bull trout) and 8.8% (Arctic grayling) of fish samples were inferred (p < 0.05) to be immigrants to one locality from another locality. Our results suggest that connectivity amongst localities is important to successful completion of the life history of each species, the potential disruption of which will be a critical aspect of post‐development monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Female Sexual Dysfunction Related to Personality and Coping? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Crisp Catrina C. , Vaccaro Christine M. , Pancholy Apurva , Kleeman Steve , Fellner Angela N. , Pauls Rachel
Published: October 2013

Introduction

Sexual disorders impact up to 43% of women. However, the relationship between sexual dysfunction and psychological variables such as personality traits and coping mechanisms is not well understood.

Aim

To examine personality domains and coping strategies utilized by women with sexual dysfunction in a clinical sample.

Methods

Patients seeking care for female sexual dysfunction (FSD) from a sexual medicine specialist were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Packets containing informed consent, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R), Ten Item Personality Index (TIPI), and Brief COPE were mailed to subjects.

Main Outcome Measures

Correlations among FSFI, FSDS-R, TIPI, and Brief COPE.

Results

Of 79 eligible subjects, 50 (63.2%) returned completed questionnaires. The mean age was 40 years (standard deviation 14). Total FSFI and FSDS-R scores confirmed FSD. Correlations between the FSFI and TIPI illustrated trends with the domain of extraversion, suggesting better function in those exhibiting more of this trait (r = 0.285, P = 0.079). Similarly, FSDS-R scores correlated with openness to experience (r = −0.305, P = 0.037) and approached significance for extraversion (r = −0.258, P = 0.080), indicating lower distress in such personality types. When assessing the Brief COPE, use of emotional support, a positive coping strategy, correlated with better orgasm (r = 0.303, P = 0.048) and higher satisfaction (r = 0.331, P = 0.03). Finally, when evaluating TIPI with COPE scores, several significant associations were noted, establishing that personality may influence these adaptive behaviors.

Conclusion

Many notable relationships between sexual function, personality, and coping are presented. These support a role for consideration of psychological variables when evaluating women presenting for sexual dysfunction.
Interfacing Biography, Theory and History: The Case of Erving Goffman
Authors: Shalin Dmitri N.
Published: October 2013

This study aims to show that much of Erving Goffman's writing is crypto‐biographical and that key turns in his intellectual career reflected his life's trajectory and attempts at self‐renewal. The case is made that Goffman's theoretical corpus reflects his personal experience as a son of Russian–Jewish immigrants who struggled to raise himself from the obscurity of Canadian Manitoba to international stardom. The concluding section describes the Erving Goffman Archives and the contribution that the large database of documents and biographical materials assembled therein can make to biocritical hermeneutics, a research program focused on the relationship between biography, theory, and history.