bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Komparasi Pemikiran Yunani dan Yesus Kristus tentang Perempuan
Authors: Emilia Grace
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This article explores the views on woman by comparing Greek-rooted thoughts prevailed upon the the Greek, Romans, and Jewish antiquities with Jesus Christ’s perspective, especially those written in the Synoptic Gospel and the Gospel of John. This study uses the multimethod research to gain a more thorough understanding about the issue. The integrative literature review is used to get insight on Greek philosophy’s perspective on woman and its influences on the thoughts existed in the Romans and Jewish antiquities. Meanwhile, the narrative-analysis method is used to gain understanding about Jesus Christ’s perspective on woman. This study concludes that the Son of God opposes various Greek-rooted thoughts on woman and shows that woman is God’s worthy creature and the heir of His promises for humanity.Abstrak: Tulisan ini menelaah pandangan tentang perempuan melalui komparasi antara perspektif yang berakar dari pemikiran Yunani yang terdapat di tengah masyarakat Yunani, Romawi dan Yahudi kuno dengan pandangan Yesus Kristus tentang perempuan yang terdapat di Injil Sinoptik dan kitab Yohanes. Digunakan cara penelitian multi-metode dalam kajian ini untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih menyeluruh tentang isu ini. Metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan integratif digunakan untuk menelaah perspektif terhadap perempuan dalam pemikiran Yunani kuno dan pengaruhnya pada pemikiran Romawi dan Yahudi kuno. Sementara itu, metode analisis naratif digunakan untuk melihat pandangan Yesus Kristus tentang perempuan yang terdapat di Injil Sinoptik dan kitab Yohanes. Dari penelaahan ini disimpulkan bahwa Sang Anak Allah menentang berbagai pemikiran yang berakar dari filsafat Yunani dan justru menunjukan bahwa perempuan adalah ciptaan Allah yang berharga dan merupakan pewaris janji-janji-Nya bagi umat manusia.
Comparison of inorganic chlorine in the Antarctic and Arctic lowermost stratosphere by separate late winter aircraft measurements
Authors: Jesswein Markus , Bozem Heiko , Lachnitt Hans-Christoph , Hoor Peter , Wagenhäuser Thomas , Keber Timo , Schuck Tanja , Engel Andreas
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Stratospheric inorganic chlorine (Cly) is predominantly released from long-lived chlorinated source gases and, to a small extent, very short-lived chlorinated substances.
Cly includes the reservoir species (HCl and ClONO2) and active chlorine species (i.e., ClOx). The active chlorine species drive catalytic cycles that deplete ozone in the polar winter stratosphere.
This work presents calculations of inorganic chlorine (Cly) derived from chlorinated source gas measurements on board the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) during the Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamic and Chemistry (SouthTRAC) campaign in austral late winter and early spring 2019. Results are compared to Cly in the Northern Hemisphere derived from measurements of the POLSTRACC-GW-LCYCLE-SALSA (PGS) campaign in the Arctic winter of 2015/2016. A scaled correlation was used for PGS data, since not all source gases were measured.
Using the SouthTRAC data, Cly from a scaled correlation was compared to directly determined Cly and agreed well.
An air mass classification based on in situ N2O measurements allocates the measurements to the vortex, the vortex boundary region, and midlatitudes.
Although the Antarctic vortex was weakened in 2019 compared to previous years, Cly reached 1687±19 ppt at 385 K; therefore, up to around 50 % of total chlorine was found in inorganic form inside the Antarctic vortex, whereas only 15 % of total chlorine was found in inorganic form in the southern midlatitudes.
In contrast, only 40 % of total chlorine was found in inorganic form in the Arctic vortex during PGS, and roughly 20 % was found in inorganic form in the northern midlatitudes.
Differences inside the two vortices reach as much as 540 ppt, with more Cly in the Antarctic vortex in 2019 than in the Arctic vortex in 2016 (at comparable distance to the local tropopause).
To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of inorganic chlorine within the Antarctic and Arctic polar vortices.
Based on the results of these two campaigns, the differences in Cly inside the two vortices are substantial and larger than the inter-annual variations previously reported for the Antarctic.
The impact of sampling strategy on the cloud droplet number concentration estimated from satellite data
Authors: Gryspeerdt Edward , McCoy Daniel T. , Crosbie Ewan , Moore Richard H. , Nott Graeme J. , Painemal David , Small-Griswold Jennifer , Sorooshian Armin , Ziemba Luke
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is of central importance to observation-based estimates of aerosol indirect effects, being used to quantify both the cloud sensitivity to aerosol and the base state of the cloud. However, the derivation of Nd from satellite data depends on a number of assumptions about the cloud and the accuracy of the retrievals of the cloud properties from which it is derived, making it prone to systematic biases. A number of sampling strategies have been proposed to address these biases by selecting the most accurate Nd retrievals in the satellite data. This work compares the impact of these strategies on the accuracy of the satellite retrieved Nd, using a selection of insitu measurements. In stratocumulus regions, the MODIS Nd retrieval is able to achieve a high precision (r2 of 0.5–0.8). This is lower in other cloud regimes, but can be increased by appropriate sampling choices. Although the Nd sampling can have significant effects on the Nd climatology, it produces only a 20 % variation in the implied radiative forcing from aerosol-cloud interactions, with the choice of aerosol proxy driving the overall uncertainty. The results are summarised into recommendations for using MODIS Nd products and appropriate sampling.
A towed magnetic gradiometer array for rapid, detailed imaging of utility, geological, and archaeological targets
Authors: Kass M. Andy , Auken Esben , Larsen Jakob Juul , Christiansen Anders Vest
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Efficient and accurate acquisition of magnetic field and gradient
data have applications over a large range of environmental, archaeological,
engineering, and geologic investigations. Developments in new systems and
improvements in existing platforms have progressed to the point where
magnetic surveying is a heavily used and trusted technique. However, there
is still ample room to improve accuracy and coverage efficiency and to include
reliable vector information. We have developed a vector magnetic gradiometer
array capable of recording high-resolution field and gradient data over tens
of hectares per day at 50 cm sensor spacing. Towed by an all-terrain
vehicle, the system consists of eight vertical gradiometer sensor packages and
incorporates differential GPS and an inertial measurement system. With a
noise floor of around 6 nT at 15 km/h towing speed and 230 Hz sample rates,
large areas can be mapped efficiently and precisely. Data are processed
using a straightforward workflow, using both standard and newly developed
methodologies. The system described here has been used successfully in
Denmark to efficiently map buried structures and objects. We give two
examples from such applications highlighting the system's capabilities in
archaeological and geological applications.
Mapping accessibility in Norway – a Method to Register and Survey the Status of Accessibility in urban areas and recreational areas
Authors: Michaelis Sven , Bögelsack Kathrin
Published: November 2021

Abstract. The Norwegian mapping authority has developed a standard method for mapping accessibility mostly for people with limited or no walking abilities in urban and recreational areas. We choose an object-orientated approach where points, lines and polygons represents objects in the environment. All data are stored in a geospatial database, so they can be presented as web map and analysed using GIS software. By the end of 2020, more than 230 out of 356 municipalities are mapped using that method. The aim of this project is to establish a national standard for mapping of accessibility and to provide a geodatabase that shows the status of accessibility throughout Norway. The data provide a useful tool for national statistics, local planning authorities and private users. The results show that accessibility is still low and Norway still faces many challenges to meet the government’s goals for Universal Design.
Upgrading Spatiotemporal Demographic Data by the Integration of Detailed Population Attributes
Authors: Osaragi Toshihiro , Kudo Ryo
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In this study, a method was constructed for adding value to spatiotemporal data by integrating demographic information obtained from Mobile Spatial Statistics (MSS), Person-trip (PT) data, and the national census. We first constructed a model that provided spatiotemporal distribution of occupants in urban areas that vary according to clock time, location, and building use classification. The time, location, and building use classification were employed as keys to integrate demographic information. Weekday and weekend data for the central wards of Tokyo were employed to create estimates of the number of occupants with their detailed attributes. Using numerical examples, we demonstrated that the proposed model can provide demographic spatiotemporal distributions with far higher value than before; in which the buildings people occupy, their reasons for being there, their sex and age bracket, and their residential locations, can all be identified.
FRMOD, a Python tool for statistical landslide susceptibility
assessment
Authors: Gerzsenyi Dávid
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Locating landslide-prone slopes is important, as landslides often threaten life or property where they occur. There is an abundance of statistical methods in the literature for estimating susceptibility to landslides, i.e., the likelihood of landslide occurrence based on the analyzed conditions. Still, there is a lack of readily available GIS tools for landslide susceptibility analysis, making it hard to reproduce or compare the results of different susceptibility assessments. The FRMOD is a Python-based tool for conducting landslide susceptibility analysis with the frequency ratio method. The frequency ratio method yields susceptibility estimates by comparing the frequency distributions of a set of variables from the sample landslide areas to the distributions for the whole study area. The estimates show the level of similarity to the sample landslides. The two main inputs of the tool are the raster grids of the analyzed continuous (e.g., elevation, slope) and thematic (e.g., lithology) variables and the mask grid that marks the landslide and the non-landslide areas. The analysis is performed with cross-validation to measure the predictive performance of the model. Data computed during the analysis is stored along the final susceptibility estimates and the supplementary statistics. The script reads and writes GDAL-compatible rasters, while the statistics can be saved as text files. Basic plotting functionalities for the grids and the statistics are also built-in to quicken the evaluation of the results. FRMOD enables the swift testing of different analysis setups and to apply the same analysis method for different areas with relative ease.
Unequal geographies of the Italian tertiary education system. Mapping the disparities at regional scale
Authors: Iovino Giorgia
Published: November 2021

Abstract. In the last decade, the tertiary education system in Italy has shrinked and a larger heterogeneity has emerged among universities located in different areas of the country, with a strong concentration of increasingly scarce resources in a narrow and geographically concentrated number of institutions. The less developed areas, such as those in Southern Italy have been hit the most, in terms of enrolled students, academic staff, financial resources, courses offered.In this work we investigate these issues by adopting a cartographic approach. We highlight these polarizing dynamics, disentangling the possible causes. We focus, particularly, on the role of new regulatory policies and the funding mechanisms based on performance indicators as producers of inequalities.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis In Preventing Surgical Site Infection In Patients Undergoing Lichtenstein’s Hernioplasty
Authors: Bhanbhro Rizwanullah Junaid , Almani Khalil Ahmed , Kazi Sadia
Published: November 2021

Objective: To determine the antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing surgical site infection in patients undergoing Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty. Study design: Observational study Place and Duration: Department of surgery, ISRA University Hospital, Hyderabad. from December 2015 to March 2017. Materials and Methods: 120 cases of inguinal hernia planned for Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty were selected according to exclusion criteria and divided into control and antibiotic group. Pre- operative patient history, physical examination and inguinal hernia examination was performed. Prophylactic antibiotic ceftriaxone (1000 mg) was given over night of surgical procedure. Statistical software SPSS 21.0 was used for data analysis at 95% CI (P <0.05). Results: Mean± SD age was noted as 39.51 ± 7.56 years (15 – 61 years). Of 120, who underwent Lichtenstein’s hernioplasty the direct and indirect hernias were noted in 35 (29.16%) and 33 (27.5%) & 25 (20.83%) and 27 (22.5%) of control and antibiotic groups respectively. Of 120 subjects, the SSI was noted in 17 (14.1%) in control and 5 (4.16%) in antibiotic group. Cumulative SSI in 120 cases was 22 (18.33%). Conclusion: The present study reports low incidence of surgical site infection with antibiotic prophylaxis in Lichtenstein’s mesh repair in open inguinal hernioplasty.
Efficacy Of Gauze-based Negative Pressure Wound Therapy After Split-thickness Skin Graft In The Care Of Large Wounds
Authors: Ilahi Irfan , Kheli M. Uzair Ilyas Tahir , ulHaq Ehtesham-
Published: November 2021

Background: Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) or vacuum dressings involve the application of a controlled negative pressure on the wound. Traditionally, STSGs were fixed with bolster technique, where sutures are used to fix pressure dressings over the top of recently placed grafts. Taking it a step further in our study we applied an effective and user friendly filler material (surgical roll gauze) on very large defects. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of gauze-based negative pressure wound therapy as an adjunctive therapy to STSG, over complex and very large wounds. Material & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Army Burn Center, Combined Military Hospital Kharian and PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi from January 2016 to June 2017. Gauze based VAC system used. Negative pressure was applied at -80 mm Hg. Evaluation was carried out to assess the performance of gauze-based NPWT. Results: Total of 63 patients, 42 males and 21 females, with mean age of 32 years SD+15 were included in the study. The wound size included in the study ranged from 12x10 cm to 88x66 cm. Mean duration of NPWT dressings was 15 days and 313 dressings were employed in total with satisfactory healing achieved in 3 to 4 VAC dressings in most of the cases. Mean duration of hospital stay was 23.92 days at which point graft uptake percentage was in the range of 90% (n=7) to 100% (n=20). Only 3.2% (n=2) cases required partial re-grafting for complete coverage of residual wounds. Conclusion: Gauze-based Negative-pressure wound therapy over split thickness skin graft is a cost-effective addition to the care and management of large and complex wounds
Attitudes Of Final Year Dental Students Towards Postgraduate Specialization
Authors: Kazi Fasiha Moin , Asghar Shama , Ahmed Syed Adeel
Published: November 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the preferences of final year dentistry students in postgraduate specialization and explore the factors which influence them in making decisions regarding their future in pursuing postgraduate studies. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between August 2017- January 2018 at four dental colleges across Karachi, including, three private sector and one public sector institution. A multiple choice, closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 8 statements was prepared and distributed among all the final year BDS students. 225 used and 200 student responses were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23 and Chi Square was applied to achieve the results. Results: 81% of the respondents were females. 79% were in the age range of 22-23years. 63% age of students had parents that came from a professional background. 75% of the total respondents wanted to pursue postgraduate studies. The link between the age of the student, gender and the willingness to pursue postgraduate studies was found to be insignificant whereas with parental profession, it was significant (p value=0.016). 60% students believed that they had received enough specialty exposure and encouragement from their institutions to be able to decide on their postgraduate plans. The first choice of specialty for 28% students was Oral Surgery followed by Orthodontics and Endodontics for 22% respondents. The second choice of specialty for the students was Operative Dentistry for 30% of the students followed by 17% who preferred Orthodontics. The rest were divided among the other subjects. 36% of the students cited their aptitude for a specific field as the most common factor for affecting their decision on specialization. 28% cited job status/ prospects and financial reasons as the factor most likely to influence their decision on specialization. Conclusion: According to the study, there was no significant association between the age, gender and the preferences of the student towards postgraduate specialization. However, parental occupation was bound to play a role. The choices of the students as regards specialty selection and influencing factors are varied. As the trend towards postgraduate specialization in dentistry is gaining momentum, it is imperative to research this area more for better planning and allowing students to make informed decisions.
Vesicovaginal Fistula: Psychosocial Problems In Rural Areas of Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Nadia
Published: November 2021

It gives me immense pleasure to appreciate your efforts that you and your team have made to the scientific journal of Bahria University Medical & Dental College (JBUMDC) to make it a successful medical journal
УКРАЇНА – ДЕРЖАВА ПРАПОРА: КОНЦЕПТ «РЕАЛЬНИЙ ЗВ’ЯЗОК» У КОНТЕКСТІ ПРАВОВОЇ (МОРСЬКОЇ) ДОКТРИНИ (ЧАСТИНА ІІ. СУЧАСНІСТЬ)
Authors: Кузнєцов Сергій Сергійович
Published: November 2021

У статті досліджено визначення, зміст і роль реєстрації суден як елементу забезпечен- ня «реального зв’язку» між Україною й українськими суднами (суднами України). Автор відзначає наявність чисельних наукових досліджень, які стосуються визначення, змісту й об’єму поняття «реєстрація суден», відсутність їх єдиного загальновизнаного розумін- ня, що ускладнює формування концепту «реальний зв’язок». Автор формулює особис- те розуміння визначення, змісту й об’єму понять «відкрите море», «свобода відкритого моря», «свобода судноплавства», «право судноплавства», «держава прапора», «судно прапора», «реальний зв’язок», «реєстрація суден». Відзначається, що із приєднанням до Конвенції Організації Об’єднаних Націй з морського права 1982 року (UNCLOS 82) Україна набула, зокрема, правові статуси «держава-учасниця» та «держава прапора», яка має забезпечувати реальний зв’язок із суднами, що в ній зареєстровані. Доказом існування «реального зв’язку» є наявність у судна прапора відповідних документів, які має видавати держава прапора. Наявність цих документів свідчить, зокрема, про те, що їх видано після того, як були задоволені: 1) умови надання національності; 2) умо- ви реєстрації; 3) умови надання права плавати під прапором держави, яка визначила ці умови; 4) держава прапора веде реєстр суден прапора із зазначенням їхніх даних. Автор об’єднує поняттям «реєстрація суден» вказані вище «умови» для аналізу їхнього змісту як окремих складових частин, розуміючи «реєстрацію суден» як один з елемен- тів забезпечення існування «реального зв’язку», зокрема, для аналізу виконання вимог UNCLOS 82 щодо умов «реєстрації суден» на території України. Автор робить висновок про те, що умови реєстрації суден на території України відповідають положенням UNCLOS 82, але у КТМ України поняття «реальний зв’язок» не використовується. UNCLOS 82 не встановлює стандартів, яким би мали відповідати вказані «умови». Вони встановлюються в нормах національного законодавства й у міжнародних угодах. Автор акцентує увагу на необхідності включення концепту «реальний зв’язок» до формування та реалізації пра- вової (морської) доктрини для України.
ФОРМИ МИТНОГО ПРАВА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Authors: Перепьолкін Сергій Михайлович
Published: November 2021

У статті здійснено класифікацію форм зовнішнього вираження чинного митного права Європейського Союзу. Стверджується, що серед усіх наявних форм митного права Євро- пейського Союзу первинне місце належить його установчим угодам, зокрема Договору про Європейський Союз та Договору про функціонування Європейського Союзу. Водночас у повсякденному правовому регулюванні митних відносин у межах митної території Євро- пейського Союзу основне місце належить актам, що ухвалюються установами Європейсько- го Союзу. З огляду на це приділено увагу положенням: чинного Митного кодексу Європей- ського Союзу, затвердженого Реґламентом № 952/2013 Європейського парламенту та Ради Європейського Союзу від 9 жовтня 2013 року про встановлення Митного кодексу Європей- ського Союзу; Спільного митного тарифу, застосування якого здійснюється відповідно до Реґламенту Ради Європейського Економічного Співтовариства № 2658/87 від 23 липня 1987 року щодо тарифної і статистичної номенклатури і спільного митного тарифу; Реґламенту Ради Європейського Союзу № 1186/2009 від 16 листопада 2009 року, що встановлює систе- му Співтовариства для звільнення від сплати мит. Міжнародні угоди Європейського Союзу, що містять положення в галузі митного права, класифіковано за такими видами: угоди між державами – членами Європейського Союзу; багатосторонні міжнародні угоди, учасником яких є Європейський Союз та його держави-члени; угоди Європейського Союзу та його дер- жав-членів із третіми державами або міжнародними організаціями. Проаналізовано статті Угоди про Асоціацію між Україною, з однієї сторони, та Європейським Союзом, Європейським співтовариством з атомної енергії і їхніми державами-членами, з іншої сторони, присвяче- ні упорядкуванню відносин у сфері митного регулювання. Визначено роль національного митного права держав – членів Європейського Союзу та судової практики у формуванні, дії та розвитку митного права Європейського Союзу.
IMPARCIALIDADE E NEUTRALIDADE: DISTINÇÃO DOGMATICAMENTE RELEVANTE?
Authors: Crevelin de Sousa Diego
Published: November 2021

the text analyzes the distinction between impartiality and neutrality employed for functional purposes, that is, to take the judge's absence of subjective neutrality as a basis to justify the attribution of functional and decision-making competencies. It describes the arguments that defend this split, submits them to criticism and defends the ban of the thesis, denying its legal-dogmatic value.
LA IDEOLOGÍA DEL CÓDIGO PROCESAL CIVIL PERUANO DE 1992-1993
Authors: Medina Alvarez Fernando
Published: November 2021

This paper addresses the ideology that would have been embodied in the Civil Procedure Code of 1992-1993. It starts from the premise that the civil procedure is an ideological institution on which an ideology is projected on the relations between the State and the individual. Thus, it is found that the procedural model regulated by the Code is built on the idea that individuals are instruments of the State. This idea would be compatible with certain ideologies that have served as the foundation or antecedent of the model: the Marxist, Klein's and Menger's ideologies.
Academic Information System Audit Using Cobit 5 Domain APO Framework
Authors: Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Yulisda Desvina , Ilhadi Veri
Published: November 2021

The use of Information Technology (IT) in higher education is said to be useful if its application is in accordance with the vision and mission of the organization. Academic information system audit is a method of assessing or assessing academic information systems to ensure that the governance and management functions of the information system are implemented properly. Unimal is a university that has implemented information technology in its operational processes. In achieving the organization's vision, the use of IT in the organization must always be monitored so that the services provided to users can be maximized, including by conducting an audit process to identify the level of IT maturity so that IT management can find solutions from processes that are considered less than optimal. This study aims to measure the level of capability of Unimal Academic Information Technology using COBIT 5 Domain APO (Align, Plan, and Organise) in the APO01, APO02, APO04 and APO11 processes. The focus of the research is also based on the need for priority processes in the Malikussaleh University environment and research related to the APO domain has not been carried out. The purpose of this study in general is to analyze Academic Information Technology using the COBIT 5 framework in the APO domain at the Malikussaleh University, as well as to provide solutions for improving academic information technology and IT implementation at the Malikussaleh University.
Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Organizational Commitment among University Employees: Moderating Role of Job Experience
Authors: Iqbal Sadia , Zia Saadia , Khizar Umbreen
Published: November 2021

The study was aimed to investigate the moderating role of job experience between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment among university employees. The target population was the employees of the Institute of Southern Punjab, Multan, Pakistan. The study was based on a correlational research design. 128 employees were sampled through a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by survey method through Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POSS) by Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa (1986) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mowday, Steers, & Porter, 1979). Demographic variable job experience was measured as moderating variables between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. The collected data was analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23). Correlation, regression, and moderation analysis were used to interpret data statistically. The results revealed a significant correlation between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. The regression analysis indicated a significant impact of perceived organizational support on organizational commitment. The findings suggest a significant role of moderators (job experience) between organizational support and organizational commitment. Further study in organizational psychology would be recommended in the development of an encouraging and supportive workplace environment for employees.
Risk assessment of geological disaster in the region of Primorsko Municipality
Authors: Frantzova Antoaneta
Published: November 2021

Risk assessment methodology is described in detail and applied for assessing the geological hazard for potential landslides and earthquakes. This methodology follows the guidelines of ISO 31010 and the JRC recommendations, and is applied for the first time in Bulgaria. The obtained results have high practical applicability. The flexibility of the methodology allows the final result to be presented as either a risk matrix or risk profiles. It depends on the specific tasks, issues and scientific problems that need to be solved.
Relation Between Hormonal Contraception with Menopause
Authors: Susanti Santi , Sulistyoningsih Hariyani
Published: November 2021

Menopause is a process of transition from a productive period heading slowly to the non-productive time due to reduced estrogen and progesterone. There are many factors associated with menopause. Factors contraceptives may affect the occurrence of menopause, which in women who use hormonal contraseption to have compromised menopause compared to those using a non-hormonal contraception. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between hormonal contraception and menopause. The research method uses a Systematic Literature Review. The independent variable is hormonal contraception. The dependent variable is Menopause Age. The population is all research journals with the topic of the relationship between hormonal contraception and age menopause. The sample is a journal of research results of the relationship between hormonal contraception and age menopause. Sample inclusion criteria in this study include: 1). Subjects of the study were postmenopausal women, 2). The type of research is case control and cross sectional 4). National and international journals of the10 years last. The results of the study found that hormonal contraception was associated with age at menopause. Suggestions for women postmenopausal to have a healthy lifestyle and have regular the health check posyandu or to health care facilities. Keywords: contraception, hormonal, menopause
Quality Evaluation of Generic Products of Metformin and Vildagliptin Tablets
Authors: Habib Bhavana , Mittha Jyoti
Published: November 2021

The aim of the present study was the evaluation and comparison between four different Metformin and Vildagliptin tablets which are commercially available in Indian market. These tablets were assessed for various pharmacopoeial quality control tests. Parameters including weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, and disintegration time were evaluated. Results were within acceptable limits for all selected products (three generic and an innovator). These results show that the tested generic products were biopharmaceutically similar to the innovator formulation. Therefore, the consumer can select any one of these equivalent products as a substitute for innovator product in case of cost concern or unavailability.
Method Development and Validation for the Estimation of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride in bulk and Combined Dosage Forms by Simultaneous and Derivative Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Kapatrala Susmeena Tabassum , Kumar Kondreddy Vinod , Kandlapalli Swapna , Male Tejaswi
Published: November 2021

Accurate, simple, sensitive and rapid economic UV spectroscopic methods were developed for the estimation of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form. The present study deals with the UV spectroscopic method development and validation for the Simultaneous Equation method and First Derivative method of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form at determined wavelength of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride at 244nm and 288nm for Simultaneous Equation method and 234nm and 289nm for First Derivative Method. The linearity range for Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride was 1-5µg/ml and 10-50µg/ml, and exhibit good correlation coefficient of Etizolam and Propranolol Hydrochloride was 0.9877 and 0.9977 for Simultaneous Equation method and 0.9872 and 0.9977 for First Derivative method, respectively and excellent mean recovery (98-102%). The precision was found to be within limit (%RSD <2). Comparatively First Derivative method is more sensitive than Simultaneous Equation method. The methods were validated statistically and parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and assay was studied according to ICH guidelines and can be applicable in determination of both drugs in routine quality control analysis of drugs in bulk and combined dosage form.
Hướng dẫn người học rèn kỹ năng tạo lập văn bản dựa trên tiến trình tạo lập văn bản qua phiếu bài tập
Authors: Nguyễn Bích Trâm
Published: November 2021

Tạo lập văn bản là một kỹ năng cần thiết đối với mỗi người, trong học tập lẫn trong đời sống hằng ngày. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay, kỹ năng này ở học sinh, sinh viên rất yếu. Đa số họ cảm thấy khó khăn trước việc phải triển khai một vấn đề nào đó bằng hình thức văn bản. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi muốn trình bày về cách thức hướng dẫn người học tạo lập văn bản một cách có hệ thống bằng các phiếu bài tập, dựa vào các bước của tiến trình tạo lập một văn bản.
Tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu qua tư liệu di văn Hán Nôm ở Tây Ninh (Khảo sát Linh Sơn Tiên Thạch Tự và Miếu Thiên Hậu)
Authors: Mai Thế Mạnh
Published: November 2021

Tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu là hệ thống giá trị tâm linh thể hiện niềm tin, sự ngưỡng vọng, cung kính đến Mẫu; mong ước những điều tốt đẹp trong cuộc sống vật chất và tinh thần của con người. Tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu có vị trí rất quan trọng trong đời sống tinh thần người dân Tây Ninh. Linh Sơn Tiên Thạch Tự và Miếu Thiên Hậu là hai cơ sở thờ tự tiêu biểu. Tinh thần tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu không chỉ biểu hiện qua lễ hội, đối tượng thờ cúng, vật thờ… mà còn thể hiện sâu sắc qua hệ thống di văn Hán Nôm. Bài viết này chúng tôi chủ yếu tìm hiểu các hoành phi, liễn đối trong hai cơ sở thờ tự để thấy được phần nào tinh thần của Đạo Mẫu ở Tây Ninh.
Khảo sát tập lũy đẳng trong đại số đường đi Leavitt của đồ thị không chứa chu trình
Authors: Phạm Thị Hương Trà , Ngô Tấn Phúc
Published: November 2021

Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi mô tả tập lũy đẳng của đại số đường đi Leavitt với hệ tử trên trường của một đồ thị hữu hạn không chứa chu trình.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the current status of solid waste management in India
Authors:   Director’s Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), India, Khan Debishree , Yadav Shailendra ,   Director’s Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), India, Kapley Atya ,   Director’s Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), India
Published: November 2021

Managing Solid Waste is always a challenge for any developing nations due to poor infrastructure and awareness. The emergency situation due to COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the dynamics of solid waste generation globally. However, its impact varies from developed world to developing nation. Multiple knowledge gaps exist regarding the containment of waste during pandemic situation in developing nation. For overcoming health crisis, a multifaceted coordinated approach between civic authorities, policymakers and scientific community is required. Therefore, present review article highlights the challenges associated with solid waste management and role of policymakers in combating pandemic strategically.
Management of neuroendocrine tumors of the extrahepatic bile duct: Case report and review of the literature
Authors:   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., Portigliotti Luca , Maroso Fabio ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., Amabile Andrea ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., Massimiliano Nicolosi Filadelfio ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., Colli Fabio ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., Frosio Fabio ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., Soresini Oscar ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy., de’Angelis Nicola ,   Minimally Invasive and Robotic Digestive Surgery Unit, Regional General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti (Bari), Italy and University Paris Est - UPEC, France., Boldorini Renzo Luciano ,   Department of Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont “Amedeo Avogadro”. Pathology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital., Romito Raffaele ,   General Surgery Department, A.O.U. “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Novara, Italy.
Published: November 2021

Neuroendocrine tumors of the extrahepatic bile duct (EBNETs) are exceedingly rare neoplasms, whose diagnostic and therapeutic process can be challenging. We present the case of a 58-year-old EBNET patient successfully treated at our Institution, followed by a systematic review of the literature on the surgical management of these rare tumors.
A 7 cm trachea resection and carina reconstruction due to a rare tracheal carina tumor
Authors:   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Liu Bohao , Fan Kun ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Wang Jizhao ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Wang Hongyi ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Zhao Heng ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Li Yixing ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Wang Zhiyu ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Zhang Yanpeng ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Fu Junke ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Zhang Jia ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China., Wu Weiwei ,   Interdisciplinary Research Center of Smart Sensors, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710061, China., Zhang Guangjian ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China.
Published: November 2021

Background: Tracheal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a rare primary tumour. Currently, surgery is the main treatment, but it becomes the biggest obstacle to surgery when the tumour invades the trachea for more than 6 cm. Case presentation: A 56-year-old Asian man presented with expectoration and asthma as his initial symptoms. Because of the particularity of tumour location and volume, we removed the 7 cm bronchus and performed carinau reconstruction. Conclusion: How to treat the rare tumours at tracheal carina is a valuable and rare example that could be reference in many centres.
Prevalence of substance misuse among students in a higher institution in the London, UK
Authors:   University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria., Sodunke Temitayo
Published: November 2021

Background: Although substance misuse pattern is of growing worldwide concern, European countries have not been left out as they are uniquely going through a dynamic phase of drug misuse pattern. It is perhaps appalling, that little or no attention has been given to university students in aspects of drug policy and adoption of potential interventions necessary to curb this act. Consequently, this study aims to study the prevalence of substance misuse among students at a post-92 university in London. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design using a convenience sampling technique was used. A sample of 150 students were required for the study. The recruitment process involved using a selfadministered questionnaire which was disseminated via email, classrooms and in the library. Results: The findings showed that majority of respondents were young people within the age group of 18-24 years and a higher proportion of respondents were female students. This study reveals the prevalence of substance use among students being 36 (24%), of the sample respondents who have taken drugs for non-medical purposes at least once. Cannabis and Cocaine remained the most commonly abused drugs in the university which is consistent with national evidence in the (United Kingdom) UK. Conclusion: It is therefore recommended that public health interventions targeted towards preventing substance misuse trends among students should be designed to raise awareness on its harmful implications thereby reducing its prevalence in younger generations. Keywords: prevalence; substance misuse; university; college; higher education.
A voluminous portal cavernoma of the hepatic pedicle with severe portal hypertension
Authors:   Radiology Department, Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal., Niang Ibrahima , Diop Cheikh Tidiane ,   Radiology Department, Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal., Diouf Khadidiatou Ndiaye ,   Radiology Department, Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal., Thiam Mbaye ,   Radiology Department, Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal., Ba Sokhna ,   Radiology Department, Fann University Hospital Center, Dakar, Senegal.
Published: November 2021

Portal cavernoma is the cavernous transformation of the portal vein. It is the consequence of chronic portal vein thrombosis and occurs when collateral branches develop to bypass the portal occlusion. The clinical presentation includes hematemesis due to variceal bleeding, ascites or anemia, and splenomegaly. Herein we present images of a 37-year-old male patient received in our department for abdominal ultrasound, following 2 episodes of hematemesis. This case illustrates the ultrasound aspect of a voluminous portal cavernoma with portal hypertension signs.
Hepatic hemangioma: A case of spontaneous involution
Authors:   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA., Choudry Nida , Shoreibah Mohamed ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Published: November 2021

Hepatic hemangiomas are benign, well-circumscribed tumors often found incidentally on imaging. They are estimated to be prevalent in 0.4-20% of the population. While usually solitary lesions, these tumors tend to not cause any issues for patients. However, when they grow to be larger than 5 cm, there can be associated symptoms including pain, nausea, or early satiety from compression on adjacent structures. There can be more rare, serious complications including hemobilia, rupture, coagulopathy, or high output heart failure seen in tumors that are typically larger than 10 cm. While small hepatic hemangiomas (<5 cm) that do not cause symptoms do not need to be followed, ones that are greater than 5 cm should be followed at least once to ensure that they are stable in size, or more regularly if they are growing. Symptomatic large hepatic hemangiomas can be intervened on with a number of procedures if needed. These include hepatectomy, enucleation, transcatheter arterial embolization, radiofrequency ablation, and in rare cases, liver transplant.
Confirmed malaria cases among under five children with fever and history of fever in Masogo sub-county, Kisumu county-Kenya
Authors:   Ministry of Health, Masogo Sub-county Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya., Awuor Silas Onyango , O Eric Omwenga ,   School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya., Musyoki Stanslaus ,   School of Health Sciences, Kisii University, Kisii, Kenya., I Daud Ibrahim ,   Kenya Medical Research Institute, United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, HJF Medical Research International, Kericho, Kenya.
Published: November 2021

Background: The World Health Organization recommends that malaria treatment should begin with parasitological diagnosis. This will help to regulate misuse of anti-malarial drugs in areas with high transmission. Aim: Aim was to assess the prevalence of parasitological confirmed malaria among under five years children presenting with fever or history of fever attending medication at Masogo sub-county hospital. Setting: The study was conducted in Masogo Sub County, Kisumu County, Kenya. Data and methodology: The study used 2020 dataset from the laboratory MOH 706 reporting tool with a total number of 6787 children under five years old tested in the lab. Result: Of the 6787 test performed in the year 2020, 2225 (32.8%) turn positive to malaria parasite where there was high prevalence in female children at 1141 (51.3%) than male children 1084 (48.7%) of the total positive examined. Prevalence of the malaria among the age group bracket was high at 48-59 months old at 625 (28.1%) followed by 36-47 months 620 (27.9%), 24-35 months 450 (20.2%), 12-23 months 410 (18.4%) and lastly 0-11 months old at 120 (5.4%). Conclusions: Reasons for the increased of the prevalence as the age increased among the under five children need to be further explored and addressed, there is enough evidence that immediate action is needed to address the unique needs of this population. Such factors could include lack of net used and separation of the mother and the child from sleeping together or early birth after the child. Keywords: malaria; under five children; fever.
LVNC – A review
Authors:   St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., Brandon Lisa , Kerr Brian ,   Cardiology Registrar, St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland., McDonald Ken ,   Consultant Cardiologist, St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Published: November 2021

LVNC is a relatively new clinical entity, with a significant increase in awareness and diagnosis in recent years. Currently the aetiology and pathogenesis of LVNC remains uncertain, alongside prevalence, however the diagnosis of LVNC appears to be increasing with improving imaging techniques. For educational purposes involving a rare clinical condition, we present the case of a 52 year old gentleman who was diagnosed with LV non compaction via ECHO and CMR. Interestingly it was noted two of his children had congenital heart disease, one daughter had Tetralogy of Fallot, and a second daughter had both an ASD and VSD. Challenges facing LVNC involve difficulty of diagnosis with no gold standard yet available, uncertainty of benefit with standard disease modifying therapies for HF-REF, and apparent increased risk of arrhythmias suggesting early ICD placement may be warranted for patients. Keywords: Hr-Ref; heart failure; lv non compaction; arrhythmias; lcd Risk.
Ear and pubic keloids in an adolescent girl, the experience of a successful treatment
Authors:   Dermatology Department, Dosso Regional Hospital, Nigeria., Moussa Harouna , Mamadou Abdoul Kadir Ibrahim ,   Medicine Department, Dosso Regional Hospital, Nigeria., Oumoulkhairi Sidi ,   Dermatology Department, Dosso Regional Hospital, Nigeria.
Published: November 2021

Keloids are frequent connective tissue tumors characterized by a significant proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen with a recurrent and extensive tendency. They can be secondary to a solution of cutaneous continuity: surgical wound; vaccination; burn; hard inflammatory lesion. Sometimes spontaneous, and are more frequently observed in black populations [1-3]. We report the case of a 20 year old women, melanoderma, with no known pathological history who presented to our department with multifocal slightly pruritic tumor lesions evolving for 4 years on the auricle and the pubis. The patient and her companions thought of a mystical disease. The interrogation revealed that these lesions occurred after an ear piercing and folliculitis lesions on the pubic area. The examination revealed a good general condition, firm non sensitive normochromic tumor lesions of variable size with smooth surface, protruding and adherent to the deep plane located on the pubis and bilaterally on the auricle.