bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sulfate enhances drought tolerance in foxtail millet seedlings by promoting ABA biosynthesis and inducing stomatal closure
Authors: Han Yansha , Gong Dianqing , Yi Huilan
Published: August 2021

Background and aims

Sulfate, the main source of sulfur in natural soil, is critical for plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to environmental stress, including drought. However, our understanding of the detailed mechanisms of sulfate-modulated drought tolerance in crop plants is far from complete. In the present study, by using foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), an emerging model crop, we investigated the possible mechanisms involved in sulfate-induced crop tolerance to drought stress.
Methods

A combination of biochemical and molecular approaches, as well as stomatal apertures analyses were applied to determine the effect of sulfate application on sulfur assimilation, ABA biosynthesis, and stomatal movement.
Results

Upon drought exposure, sulfate (4 mM) pretreatment significantly alleviated the decrease in relative water content in foxtail millet leaves. Exogenous sulfate increased endogenous sulfate content and markedly enhanced the enzyme activity of sulfite reductase (SiR) and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), as well as levels of their transcripts, leading to an increase in cysteine (Cys) production in drought-stressed leaves. Furthermore, in comparison with drought stress alone, sulfate application significantly upregulated the transcriptional expression of SiABA3 and SiAAO3, which contributed to the increased ABA levels in the leaves of drought-stressed foxtail millet seedlings. Moreover, the addition of sulfate decreased stomatal aperture, thus resulting in reduced leaf water loss in foxtail millet exposed to drought.
Conclusion

Our data suggest that sulfate application was able to promote drought tolerance of foxtail millet plants, at least partially by increasing ABA biosynthesis and triggering stomatal closure.
Thidiazuron, a phenyl-urea cytokinin, inhibits ergosterol synthesis and attenuates biofilm formation of Candida albicans
Authors: Pandurangan Harikrishnan , Arayambath Balamani , Jayaraman Vijay Karthik , Ekambaram Kanimozhi , Ahmed Emad A , Senthilkumar Palanisamy , Ibrahim Hairul-Islam Mohamed , Thirugnanasambantham Krishnaraj
Published: August 2021

Candida albicans is a commensal human fungal pathogen that colonizes and develops dental biofilm which cause Oral candidiosis. This study investigates the effects of a new molecule Thidiazuron against the growth and biofilm formation properties of C. albicans. This study applied computational and in vitro approaches such as broth microdilution, SEM, time-kill dynamics, crystal violet assay, XTT reduction assay, ergosterol quantification and quantitative RT PCR analysis of gene expression to validate the growth and biofilm inhibitory potential of thidiazuron against C. albicans. Preliminary molecular docking study revealed potential interaction between thidiazuron and amino acids residues of CYP51. Further in vitro anti-fungal susceptibility test, SEM and time kill analysis revealed anti-fungal potency of thidiazuron in dose and time dependent passion. Crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay and Acridine Orange staining visually confirmed biofilm inhibitory potential of thidiazuron. Gene expression study shows that thidiazuron treatment down regulated the expression of genes involved in ergosterol synthesis, cell adhesion and hyphae development in C. albicans. This study identified thidiazuron as CYP51 inhibitor and a new antibiofilm agent against C. albicans.
Effect of low sintering temperature on the structural and magnetic properties of M-type strontium hexaferrite
Authors: RANA KUSH
Published: August 2021

A pure M-type strontium hexaferrite with nominal composition SrFe12O19 was prepared via modified conventional citrate precursor method. The basic idea of investigation was to improve the quality of hexagonal ferrite without high temperature sintering as these ferrites are generally known for high temperature sintering techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) of powdered sample was carried out to identify the desired crystallization point suitable for the formation of M-phase. After dividing the sample into two equal parts, the prepared sample was sintered at two different temperatures, 800˚C and 910˚C. The properties of the material were investigated via using important characterization techniques, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy (RS) and VSM respectively. The XRD confirmed the formation of M-phase along with some impurities of Fe2O3 and these results were strongly supported via both FTIR and RS. On increasing the sintering temperature, the average crystallite size was found to increase from 25nm to 33nm. The FESEM analysis confirmed the formation of densely packed grains some hexagonal platelets along with agglomerates. The magnetic parameters saturation magnetization (Ms), magnetic coericivity (Hc) and squarenes ratio (SQR) were investigated by using VSM. The value of Ms for ferrite sample sintered at 910˚C was found to be 92emu/g but at the same time the Hc value was found in the range of few hundreds of Oestered. This kind of behavior was due to the smaller grain size and the presence of impurity phase which was totally against the nature strontium hexaferrite. Such properties of M-type hexagonal ferrite was found very rare and procured to be an excellent candidate for switching devices, recording media, high frequency applications and many more.
Functional analysis of the genotypic differences in response to calcareous-induced iron deficiency in pea plants (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Barhoumi Sameh , Ellouzi Hasna , KROUMA Abdelmajid
Published: August 2021

Background
Lime-induced iron deficiency in Pea plants is a major nutritional disorder causing severe plant growth and yield reduction in calcareous soils of Tunisia. Other the chemical fertilization for iron chlorosis correction, the exploration of the genotypic differences in response to this constraint remains the most efficient approach due to its coast, environmental benefits, and sustainability. This approach allows as to screen tolerant genotypes and identify useful traits of tolerance.
Results
calcareous-induced iron deficiency reduced SPAD index, plant growth, net photosynthesis, and tissues Fe concentration against a significant stimulation of the oxidative stress indicators, H2O2 and Malondialdehyde (MDA). In the same time, we have reported significant induction of SOD activity in shoots and CAT activity in roots of the genotype Alexandra (ne clear behavior observed in the other genotypes). Fe use efficiency increased on calcareous soil and clearly discriminates the studied genotypes.
Conclusion
Genotypic differences were observed, and Alex was found to be the most tolerant. This genotype protect its tissues against oxidative stress by stimulating SOD activity in shoots and CAT içn roots, and expressed significant efficiency of Fe uptake and use on calcareous soil. The Fe use efficiency for photosynthesis and for SOD and CAT activities clearly discriminates the studied genotypes and can be used as a useful trait for further screening programs.
Next-generation sequencing identifies seasonal and geographical differences in the ruminal community composition of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Japan
Authors: Kawarai Shinpei , Taira Kensuke , Shimono Ayako , Takeshita Tsuyoshi , Takeda Shiro , Mizunoya Wataru , Moriya Shigeharu , Minami Masato
Published: August 2021

To understand the nutritional conditions of culled wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) and their suitability as a pet food component, we compared the ruminal community compositions of deer living in different food habitats (Nagano winter, Nagano spring, and Hokkaido winter) using next-generation sequencing. Twenty-nine sika deer were sampled. Alpha and beta diversity metrics determined via 16S and 18S ssrRNA amplicon-seq analysis showed compositional differences. Prevotella, Entodinium, and Piromyces were the dominant genera of bacteria, fungi and protozoa, respectively. Moreover, 66 bacterial taxa, 44 eukaryotic taxa, and 46 chloroplastic taxa were shown to differ significantly among the groups by linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Total RNA-seq analysis showed 397 significantly differentially expressed transcripts (q < 0.05), of which 258 were correlated with bacterial amplicon-seq results (Pearson correlation coefficient > 0.7). The amplicon-seq results indicated that deciduous broadleaf trees and SAR were enriched in Nagano, whereas graminoids, Firmicutes and fungi were enriched in Hokkaido. The ruminal microbial community were corresponded with different food habits, related to the severe snow conditions in Hokkaido in winter and the richness of plants with leaves and acorns in Nagano winter and spring. These findings are useful for understanding the nutritional conditions of wild sika deer.
Absence of rapid T cell control corresponds with delayed viral clearance in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
Authors: Zlei Mihaela , Sidorov Igor A. , Joosten Simone , Heemskerk Mirjam , Myeni Sebenzile K. , Pothast Cilia R. , de Brouwer Caroline S. , Zanden A. Linda Boomaars-van der , Meijgaarden Kirsta E van , Wessels Els , Janse Jacqueline J. , Goeman Jelle , Cobbaert Christa , Kroes Aloys C.M. , Cannegieter Suzanne , Roestenberg Meta , Visser Leo , Kikkert Marjolein , Feltkamp Mariet , Arbous Sesmu M. , Staal Frank , Ottenhoff Tom , Dongen Jacques van , Roukens Anna H.E. , de Vries Jutte J.C.
Published: August 2021

SARS-CoV-2 viral load is associated with disease severity. A better understanding of immunological mechanisms involved in viral clearance is crucial to guide new therapeutic strategies. Here, we studied the timing of viral clearance in relation to 122 immune parameters in 150 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Delayed viral clearance was associated with more severe disease, which occurred after the virus had been cleared in most cases. Paradoxically, delayed viral clearance was associated with over time higher maximum levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies, increased numbers of eosinophils, monocytes, and pro-inflammatory cyto-/chemokines. In contrast, early viral clearance and less critical illness correlated with higher levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Collectively, our data show that absence of rapid T cell control corresponds with delayed clearance and aberrant antibody and cytokine profiles. Viral clearance often precedes critical illness, which suggests immunopathology as underlying mechanism. These data can guide treatment strategies.
Neuroblastoma in Children: Intraoperative Goal Directed Therapy, Intraoperative And Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Kumba Claudine
Published: August 2021

Background: Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor in children. Anesthetic management can be challenging due to the localization and catecholamine-secreting characteristics of the tumor. We undertook a secondary analysis in a previous study to describe patients who underwent neuroblastoma resection.Objective: To describe intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent neuroblastoma resection and to propose optimal intraoperative management for postoperative outcome improvement.Methods: This was a secondary analysis of children who underwent neuroblastoma resection in the initial retrospective study.Results: There were 16 patients with a mean age of 39.3±22.1 months. Seven (43.8%) patients presented with intraoperative or postoperative complications. One (6.3%) patient had intraoperative broncholaryngospasm and difficult intubation. Two (12.5%) patients had intraoperative hemorrhagic shock. One patient (6.3%) had postoperative renal failure. Two patients (12.5%) had postoperative respiratory failure, and 3 (18.8%) patients had postoperative cardiocirculatory failure. One (6.3%) had postoperative pulmonary sepsis and septicemia. Thirteen (81.3%) patients were intraoperatively transfused. There was no in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: Neuroblastoma surgery can be a challenging situation where cardiovascular instability, high blood loss and transfusion requirements can be encountered. Consequently, preoperative preparation and optimal intraoperative management with validated means in children are necessary for a better postoperative outcome in this surgical setting.
Effect of long-term adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy on primary glioblastoma patient survival
Authors: Huang Bin , Yu Zuan , Liang Risheng
Published: August 2021

Objective

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor. The Stupp regimen is the standard treatment, although the optimal number of temozolomide (TMZ) treatment cycles remains controversial. We compared the effects of standard 6 cycles versus > 6 cycles of TMZ chemotherapy post-surgery with concurrent chemoradiotherapy on primary GBM patient survival.
Patients and Methods:

We performed a single center retrospective study of GBM patients that underwent total resection, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and at least 6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy from June 2011 to August 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on adjuvant TMZ treatment plan: Group A(n = 27): standard 6-cycle adjuvant TMZ therapy and Group B(n = 26): >6 cycles of adjuvant TMZ therapy. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Continuous variables were analyzed by ANOVA, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate PFS and OS. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses determined correlation between survival rates and covariates. We used The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) to assess patients' neurocognitive function and quality of life.
Results

After follow-up, median PFS was 15 months in in Group A (95%CI 9.5–20.5) and 20.1 months in Group B (95%CI 15.9–24.4). Group A median OS was 19.4 months (95%CI 15.5–23.2), compared to 25.6 months in Group B (95%CI 20.4–30.8). The 2-year survival rate of Groups A and B was 36% was 66%, respectively (P = 0.02). and 5-year survival was 7% in both. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed association between patient PFS and long-period adjuvant chemotherapy, but not OS. There were no significant difference in disability or quality of life during treatment with Stupp protocol, but differences in MMSE and KPS were in favour of the Groups B after year 1 of the treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

Long-term adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy benefits PFS and 2-year survival rate,Long-term adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy benefits PFS and 2-year survival rate. This could improve quality of life in survivorship,but not highly prognosticate for OS. We do not suggest prolonging TMZ maintenance therapy beyond six cycles in patients with glioblastoma after total resection.
Endometrial thickness is a limiting factor in achieving a successful pregnancy in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycle.
Authors: Khan Haroon Latif , Bhatti Shahzad , Samina  , Hamayun Humaira , Enver Farah , Hassan Zahira
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Embryo transfer into the uterus during IVF/ICSI treatment is followed by embryo implantation, which depends on the receptivity of endometrium and is a pre-requisite for the initiation of a successful pregnancy. The endometrium proliferates under the hormonal influence (estrogen and progesterone), which is reflected by its thickness which is measurable by transvaginal ultrasonic scanning (TVS). The thickness of the endometrium less than 8 mm has been linked with implantation failure.11 Endometrial thickness of 9-14 mm on the day of progesterone supplementation has been shown to have a higher implantation rate. Thus, the implantation potential of a good embryo remains low during IVF treatment despite ovarian stimulation methods of assisted fertilization and improved culture condition.Objectives: This study was planned to determine the impact of endometrial thickness on ET and pregnancy rate in Pakistani patients undergoing IVF/ ICSI.Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted at a private fertility clinic (Lahore institute of fertility and endocrinology, LIFE) in Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2015 to December 2015. In this study, all those cases were included that reached oocytes pickup and embryo transfer (ET). Two protocols, agonist and antagonist, were used. In all cases, human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were used for stimulation. Follicles development was monitored; at least 3 follicles were reached at the diameter of ≥16mm.Results: Thickness of endometrium on decision day was calculated at various ranges concerning both groups and find pregnancy rates. When endometrial thickness was ≤ 6mm, PR was 2.22%, 7mm pregnancy rate (PR) was 1.11%, 8 mm PR was 3.33%, 9mm PR was 17.78%, 10mm PR was 33.33%, 11mm PR was 32.22%, and more than 11 mm PR was 10%. So, PR was higher from 2.22% to 10%. The overall pregnancy rate was 45.45%.Conclusion: The study concluded that endometrial thickness has significant effects on embryo transfer and outcomes.
Exploring the effectiveness of in-situ sodium ferrate (VI) during the bench-scale of manganese removal from raw water collected from a South African WTP
Authors: Munyengabe Alexis , Zvinowanda Caliphs , Masindi Vhahangwele
Published: August 2021

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for human body and several enzymes rely on its redox properties. Its elevated concentrations in water can be toxic to humans, stain porcelains and can generate an undesirable taste in beverages. Several methods including adsorption, biologically active filtration oxidation and precipitation have been used to reduce it from water. Unfortunately, most of these methods have disadvantages of generating harmful by-products. Ferrate (VI) has been considered as a supplant to common oxidants during the treatment of drinking water. It has main advantages such as production of ferric ion, high oxidation potential, which may support coagulation, and the lack of significant halogenated by-product generation. However, this study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of in-situ liquid sodium ferrate (Na2FeO4) during the removal of Mn from raw water collected from Cullinan water treatment plant (CWTP) at the bench-scale. Na2FeO4 was produced using a wet oxidation method. The treatment of raw water collected from CWTP presented the removal percentage of Mn ranging between 82.70 and 99.20%. The pH of the drinking water sample raised from 7.25 to 10.97 after treatment. The treatability index (TI) was also studied. Only the TI of pH value was less than one. The TI results indicated high value of EC and authors would like to replace sodium by calcium in the ferrate product to reduce EC of the treated water and recommend the application of FeO42- ions for the treatment of raw water in a full-scale as it showed to be a promising a green oxidant.
The impact of stock market development on economic growth: A GMM approach
Authors: Ngoc Bui Toan , Thi Doan Thu-Trang
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the impact of stock market development (SMD) on economic growth (EG) among emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) in Asia. The data sample includes eight Asian EMDEs (China, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) from 2008 to 2019. These countries share several similarities, so this ensures reliability of the results. Regarding the analysis, the generalized method of moments (GMM) is used for the estimation. The results show that SMD exerts a positive impact on EG. This finding confirms the importance of SMD in improving efficient capital accumulation and allocation, and also allows investors to reduce risks and increase liquidity, which will boost EG. Further, the significant influence of domestic credit (DC), control of corruption (CC), and inflation (INF) on EG is also highlighted. These findings are valuable empirical evidence that greatly contributes to reinforcing the suitability of classical economic growth theories, especially the theory of endogenous growth. They are also essential to EMDEs in Asia. Accordingly, the EMDEs should develop effective policies to improve the stock market’s scale, which contributes substantially to the development of EG. Moreover, these economies need to pursue many appropriate policies in sync, such as stimulating SMD, improving governance effectiveness and implementing effective macroeconomic policies.
Acknowledgment This study was funded by the Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City (IUH), Vietnam (grant number: 21/1TCNH01).
Anti-inflammatory Effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza is Mediated via IL-6, JAK, and STAT Pathway in a Dysfunctional Vascular Endothelial Cell
Authors: Orgah Emmanuel Adikwu
Published: August 2021

The vascular complication of diabetes mellitus is a problem for the patient, and the ability to cope with the disease and the associated inflammation is a critical aspect of diabetes. Cytokines-induced inflammation in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) plays an active role in chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, kidney injury, and stroke. We investigated the role of total salvianolic acids (TSA), total tanshinones (TTSN), and their combination (TSA/TTSN) on the activated vascular endothelial cell and its inhibitory effect on signal transduction and cytokines regulation. In the extracellular medium of the injury model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by thrombin, the human IL-6, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were significantly elevated (p ˂ 0.05). However, suppression in the TSA, TTSN, and TSA/TTSN (100 µg/L)-treated groups (p > 0.05) were notable. TSA alone but not TTSN and TSA/TTSN combination, inhibited the expression of P-selectin (p < 0.05) and E-selectin (p < 0.01) respectively, in VECs. Western blot analysis showed JAK and STAT expression in VECs however, the protein expression was modest in the Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated groups, indicating the potential of TSA/TTSN in the inflammatory pathways of IL-6, JAK, and STAT signal transduction in endothelial cells (ECs). This study has made novel observations regarding the components of Salvia miltiorrhiza regulatory effect on cytokines in Vascular Biology. Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cytokines; Diabetes mellitus; HUVECs; Inflammation; Salvia militiorrhiza.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours of Adults (15-49 Years) towards HIV/AIDS in Ghana
Authors: Sevugu Justice Thomas
Published: August 2021

The adult population (15-49 years) are the most productive and yet the most vulnerable to HIV infections in Ghana. A phenomenon that threatens the socio-economic growth of the country and the survival of its people. Poor knowledge, ill-informed attitudes, and risky lifestyles are the key factors that hinder the prevention of HIV spread among adults. The study’s aim was to explore knowledge, attitudes, and risky behaviours among adults which hinder the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Ghana. A case-control study of 362 adults was conducted in the Ahafo and Northern regions of Ghana in 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics were significant at 1% and 5%. Results indicated that the majority of adults in Ghana are sexually active with limited education but high knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The study revealed significant levels of association between HIV infections and age, sex, marital status, sex with multiple partners, use of the condom, sex for money, sexually transmitted infections, alcohol or drug abuse, personal income, access to places where sex is traded, and migration. The study concludes that both cases and controls generally had good knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS but show poor attitudes towards PLHIV and also engaged in risky behaviours that might predispose others to HIV infections. Findings also highlight the need for culturally adaptive and age-specific HIV education for adults across all regions. Identified misconceptions on HIV/AIDS, poor attitudes of adults towards PLHIV, and risky behaviours of adults regarding HIV/AIDS need specific and targeted education towards behavioural change. Keywords: Attitudes, Adults, Behaviours, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge.
Prevalence of Pfhrp2 and Pfhrp3 Gene Deletions in Plasmodium Falciparum Isolates and their Performance of Hrp2 Based Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Three Districts of Ghana
Authors: Lopez Aquel Rene
Published: August 2021

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDTs) are important for malaria disease management. However, the performance of the RDTs is affected when the targeted antigens in the parasite have a variation or are altogether absent. The most common parasite target antigen in RDTs, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), has been reported to be absent in some P. falciparum parasites. 371 patient samples, from Akuapem North (58.5%), Atiwa East (21.3%), and from New Juaben (20.2%), were used in the study. PCR provided the highest number, 14.8% (55/371), of positive detections for falciparum infections. Microscopy detected parasites in 20/261 (7.7%) samples, and the minimum parasite density by microscopy was 430 parasites/µL. Out of the 371 samples, 27 (7.3%) were positive by RDT. The highest RDT positivity rate, 13.3% (10/75), was observed at New Juaben. False-negative RDT results were obtained in 43/55 (78.2%) of the negative branded RDT kits. Only two microscopies positive sample were RDT positive. Using 18SrDNA PCR, 55 (14.8%) samples were positive for P. falciparum. In Akuapem North, 79.2 % (19/24) of the PCR positive samples had P. falciparum parasites that lacked exon 2 of PFHRP2. An overall RDT positivity rate of 7.3% (27/371) and false-negative rate of 78.2% (43/55) were observed for the study sites. Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations with deletions of the PFHRP2 and PFHRP3 genes are present in Ghana. There is an urgent need to investigate the prevalence and geographic distribution of these parasites. Keywords: Histidine Rich Protien (HRP), Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test (MRDT), Malaria, Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT).
Self-injected Depot–Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Subcutaneous (DMPA-SC) Uptake in Nigeria: A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Osinowo Kehinde
Published: August 2021

Self-injection of DMPA-SC method is one of the Government of Nigeria’s (GON) national family planning goals to address the unmet need for contraception. Some studies on DMPA-SC/SI have demonstrated its feasibility to improve modern contraceptive uptake. However, there is a gap in the predictors of method uptake and continuation across self-injecting and provider-administered in Nigeria. This study explored the uptake of self-injection DMPA-SC contraceptives among women in two geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study employed 20 focused group discussions (FGDs) and 40 In-depth interviews (IDIs). Self-structured pretested questionnaire to elicit information from 844 women registered for Family Planning in selected health facilities. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used to model determinants of DMPA-SC/SI family planning uptake. Six months of Secondary Data from the Health Management Information system (HMIS) was used to triangulate the trends in uptake. About 97.6% reported ever heard DMPA-SC/SI family planning method; 78.4% reported its uptake; while 88.5% reported ever heard of self-injection as an option of family planning method. Data for each State showed a remarkable increase in uptake of DMPA-SC/SI. The motivations to use DMPA-SC/Self Injection were ease of accessibility, convenience, and self-administer/care. Factors that encourage the uptake of DMPA-SC/SI were; health benefits, the prevailing economic situation and its effectiveness. Findings from the study showed that interventions that deploy health education, awareness, social mobilization, advocacy, policy implementation, and public sensitization, making contraceptive services available for free, will increase the uptake of Keywords: Determinants, DMPA-SC/SI, Practice, Self-injection, Uptake. DMPA-SC/SI in the study areas.
Criminological analysis of criminal offenses against the environment
Authors: Lukashevich Сергей Юрьевич , Shevchenko Natela
Published: August 2021

The article subjected to criminological analysis of criminal offenses against the environment. The study of statistical information of the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine, contained in the Uniform reports on criminal offenses for 2013-2020 (Form 1: approved by Order of the State Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine dated 23.10.2012 in coordination with the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine) and other sources of empirical information shows a tendency of growing level of criminal offenses against the environment on the background of general decrease of crime level in Ukraine. The structural elements and dynamics of criminal offenses against the environment are provided. The criminal offenses against the environment are noted as a serious problem in modern society. Basing on the considered material the authors conclude that criminal offences against the environment have a tendency of steady increasing, and the necessity of this phenomenon to be resolutely struggled.   The authors emphasize the problem of the latency of crimes in studying area.
Conclusions of the Supreme Court on the subject of trading in influence (Part 2 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine): a critical theoretical analysis
Authors: Kyrychko Vasyl Mykolaiovych
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the conclusion of the Joint Chamber of the Criminal Court of Cassation of the Supreme Court (cited in the decision of March 29, 2021) on the recognition of the subject of trading in influence (Part 2 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) of any natural person who has reached the age of criminal responsibility. It has been established that such an interpretation of the characteristics of the subject of this crime may cause negative legal consequences of a systemic nature.
In particular, such an interpretation may lead to a violation of the system of criminal law on corruption bribery, which is already provided for in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and according to which the trading in influence by officials or persons providing public services qualifies under Article 369-2. As a result of the new interpretation of the signs of the subject of trading in influence, certain types of such a crime will be qualified under Article 368 of the Criminal code of Ukraine, and Article 369-2 will cease to be such that in all cases has signs of corruption. Such a decision does not comply with the provisions of the UN Convention against Corruption, in which the trading in influence under Article 18 of the Convention is recognized as an independent type of corruption crimes.
Expanding the range of subjects of crime under Part 2 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal code of Ukraine will also lead to competition of this article with other articles of this Code about non-corruption crimes. Article 369-2 will have an advantage in application and provide for stricter liability, but there is no legal basis for such an increase in liability. Similarly, Article 369-2 may unreasonably apply to actions that are not socially dangerous.
It is substantiated that the provisions of Part 3 of the note to Article 354 of the Criminal code of Ukraine have direct value for correct definition of the subject of trading in influence (Part 2 of Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code). According to them, as well as taking into account the systemic links of this criminal law, the subjects of this crime should be recognized as an official or a person who provides public services. This article of the Code should be criminally liable for bribery to trading in influence (opportunities) associated with the official (in a broad sense) powers of such persons.
Comparative analysis of Al-SiC metal matrix composite and Al 7075 T651 alloy in the construction of CubeSat frame
Authors: S Rajarajan
Published: August 2021

CubeSat is one of the trending technologies in the developed and developing countries across the globe. Various materials are used in the manufacturing of a CubeSat’s subsystems. Structural subsystem is an essential one for a CubeSat’s mission as it bears all the components, payload, and withstand space environment. Usually, aluminium alloys are used in the construction of outer structural frame. In this paper, Al-SiC metal matrix composite is analysed and compared with the conventional Al 7075 T651 alloy. Simulation is done with the help of ANSYS 19.2 software. A series of Static structural, Modal, and Transient thermal analysis is carried out on both materials. Al7075 T651 performed better in most cases. But also, Al-SiC showed good results in specific cases like lesser deformation, modal analysis at higher vibrations. Al-SiC could be combined with the existing aluminium alloys in the manufacturing of CubeSat’s structural frame for a better and efficient output in a specific environment.
Application of recyclable nano zero-valent iron encapsulated L-cysteine catalytic cylinder product for degradation of BTEX in groundwater by persulfate oxidation
Authors: Sun Xuecheng , Cui Changzheng , Yang Chaoxiang , Lyu Shuguang
Published: August 2021

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) possess a negative impact on the environment and human beings due to their highly toxic and carcinogenic properties. In this study, persulfate (PS) activated by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) coupled with chelated L-cysteine (L-cys) process was investigated for BTEX degradation in contaminated groundwater. BTEX degradation had a significant acceleration and improvement with the removal from 62.7 to 100% along with the increasing dosage of L-cys from 0.12 to 0.27 M in 24 h. Further, the compact nZVI catalytic cylinder and nZVI encapsulated L-cys catalytic cylinder were successfully manufactured by encapsulating nZVI, and nZVI and L-cys together with additives of cement, river sand, stearic acid (SA) and zeolite. The SEM image, XRD patterns and FTIR spectra showed that the manufactured catalytic cylinder had a porous structure and encapsulated nZVI and L-cys successfully. Six successive cycles of BTEX degradation were completed and the degradation rate decreased gradually in each cycle. The catalytic activity of nZVI encapsulated L-cys catalytic cylinder was superior to nZVI catalytic cylinder in each cycle. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results indicated that HO• was the dominant active species in the BTEX degradation process. Benzoic acid (BA) scavenge experiments showed that L-cys could increase the yield of HO• in the PS/nZVI system. The HO• yields of PS/nZVI encapsulated L-cys catalytic cylinder system were 3.2 to 4.8 fold higher than those of the PS/nZVI catalytic cylinder system. The possible mechanisms of PS activation by nZVI encapsulated L-cys catalytic cylinder were supposed. Homogeneous Fenton reaction and heterogeneous catalysis on the nZVI surface are two co-existence mechanisms in the PS/nZVI encapsulated L-cys catalytic cylinder system. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanism of nZVI encapsulated L-cys catalytic cylinder activating PS, showing its potential applications for the remediation of groundwater.
Retroalimentación: una componente para la no-linealidad
Authors: Ovalle Cerquera Daniel Enrique , Polanía Quiza Luis Arturo , Rodríguez Rodríguez Jeisson
Published: August 2021

Los paradigmas de la complejidad han tomado un ritmo acelerado en el uso de nuevos lenguajes y nuevos conceptos, implicando un nuevo paradigma y, como tal, un nuevo tipo de ciencia. La ciencia clásica trata de encerrar con un solo método y lenguaje todos los sistemas de comportamientos predecibles, regulares y controlables. El presente documento resalta un aspecto importante de los sistemas en complejidad: la no linealidad, y las retroalimentaciones como causa para ello. Los procesos iterativos o de retroalimentación en la interacción de las variables de un sistema son la mejor forma de describir el comportamiento global de los fenómenos, mostrando los procesos de causalidad circular, dejando a un lado la idea de causalidad lineal, es decir, la relación lineal unidireccional entre las causas y los efectos, y esta cadena de acciones genera en estos sistemas las emergencias. De este modo, se abre una ruta que transforme de la simplicidad a la complejidad, y por ende, de la disciplinariedad a la inter y/o transdisciplinariedad.
Characterization of the healthcare tourism in the city of Bogotá and the district of Cartagena
Authors: Arias-Aragonés Francisco José , Caraballo-Payares Alexander Mauricio , Jiménez-Osorio Javier Enrique
Published: August 2021

The article characterizes the medical tourism subsector in Bogota and Cartagena to detect potential service offers to foreign patients. We performed a comparative analysis between these two cities to identify the weaknesses, opportunities, strengths, and threats they have. The study has a quantitative research approach using primary sources of information to characterize the subsector in these cities. In Bogota, the quality of health care services, specialized infrastructure, the accreditation of some health care institutions, and the formation of the health care cluster stand out as competitive elements. Meanwhile, Cartagena shows attractive prices but has scarce health care infrastructure and health professionals, low levels of bilingual proficiency, and increased local health service needs. We conclude that there is a need to strengthen the subsector’s competitiveness in both cities, as the trend points to the growth of this type of tourism in the coming years.
Estándares de sostenibilidad en los agronegocios: una revisión de las líneas de estudio en la literatura académica
Authors: Orcasita-Cordoba Stefany Loren , Lizcano-Prada Julieth , Lombana-Coy Jahir
Published: August 2021

La Declaración de Rio sobre el Medio Ambiente y el Desarrollo de las Naciones Unidas, hizo un reconocimiento global de la necesidad de la producción y consumo sostenibles, desde entonces los Estándares de Sostenibilidad han crecido tanto en número como en importancia en la comercialización de diferentes productos, en especial del sector agroalimentario. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar las líneas de estudio clave en la literatura académica sobre Estándares de Sostenibilidad en los agronegocios. Para la revisión, se utilizó una técnica bibliométrica en la cual se reconocen las conexiones entre artículos publicados las en la base de datos ISI-Web of Science. Este análisis arrojó como resultado tres líneas de estudio en la literatura: gobernanza, cadena de valor y medición del impacto de los estándares sobre productos agroalimentarios como café, banano, aceite de palma y cacao. Este artículo identifica los autores que han abordado los Estándares de Sostenibilidad en los agronegocios e identifica futuras líneas de investigación orientadas hacia la medición del impacto y contribución al logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible; la gobernanza privada y aplicación en los diferentes eslabones de la cadena de valor; y, el desarrollo de estándares por parte actores particulares como retailers.
Current Perspective of COVID-19 on Neurology: A Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Kumar Rajesh , Harilal Seetha , M. Sabitha , Pappachan Leena K. , P.R. Roshni
Published: August 2021

:

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus and the causative organism of the Covid-19
pandemic wreaked havoc worldwide producing asymptomatic to symptomatic cases leading to
significant morbidity and mortality even after infection. Most of the countries reported a mortality
rate of 2-3 % majorly due to cardiorespiratory failures. Recent studies highlighted the neurological
involvement playing a key role in cardiorespiratory failures and other symptoms such as headache,
anosmia, and ageusia observed in Covid-19 patients. Studies suggest SARS-CoV-2 entry via
Olfactory Epithelium (OE), and the expression of type 2 transmembrane serine protease
(TMPRSS2) in addition to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) can facilitate SARS-CoV-2
neurotropism. The virus can either travel via peripheral blood vessel causing endothelial
dysfunction, triggering coagulation cascade and multiple organ dysfunction or reach the systemic
circulation and take a different route to the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), disrupting the BBB
causing neuroinflammation or neuronal excitotoxicity resulting in the development of encephalitis,
encephalopathy, seizures, and strokes. SARS-CoV-2 invasion on the brain stem is believed to be
responsible for the cardiorespiratory failures observed in Covid-19 patients. Apart from viral
invasion via hematogenous route, SARS-CoV-2 neural invasion via PNS nerve terminal, results in
viral replication and retrograde transportation to soma leading to invasion of the CNS including the
brain producing neurological manifestations of the disease either in the initial stages or during the
course of the disease and even for a long period post-infection in many cases. The ACE2 receptors
are expressed in the brain and glial cells and SARS-CoV-2 acts via neuronal as well as nonneuronal
pathways. But the exact cell types involved and how they can trigger inflammatory
pathways need further in-depth study for the development of targeted therapy.
Drug Solubilization by Surfactants: Experimental Methods and Theoretical
Perspectives
Authors: Malik Nisar Ahmad
Published: August 2021

This mini review will give an insight into the need and usefulness of investigating the solubilization
of poorly soluble drugs. Commonly used experimental and theoretical models are outlined
to study the efficacy of the carrier or excipient for the poorly soluble drugs. Furthermore, the use of
surface active agents for drug solubilization is discussed in correlation with the mathematical models
suggested from time to time. A few experimental techniques are also discussed which would be very
helpful in elucidating the interactions prevailing in the mixed systems of poorly soluble drugs and surface
active agents.
Physical Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Dissolution Rate from Cefpodoxime Proxetil Loaded Self Solidifying Solid SNEDDS
Authors: Sharma Pankaj Kumar , Shukla Vikesh Kumar , Kumar Anoop
Published: August 2021

Background:

Cefpodoxime Proxetil (CPD) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated
in respiratory and urinary tract infections. CPD is a BCS class IV drug with pH-dependent solubility
and has poor bioavailability. This study investigated the challenges of developing ternary components
based on solid SNEDDS of CPD for in vitro dissolution rate enhancement and self-solidifying
behaviour.

Method:

Tween 80, Transcutol and PEG6000 were employed as surfactants, solvents and solidifiers
for a base of ternary components to develop self-solidifying solid SNEDDS, respectively. Ternary
phase diagrams were used to characterize solidifying behaviour of ternary components in different
proportions. S-SNEDDS formulations were drawn on the solidification areas available in the
phase diagram and characterized for IR, XRD, DSC and in vitro drug release in various pH media.

Results:

Ternary components for the preparation of self-solidifying solid SNEDDS were selected
based on drug solubility. FTIR and DSC characterization studies ruled out any drug interaction between
CPD and components chosen to prepare S-SNEDDS. CPD was transformed from a crystalline
into an amorphous state in ternary dispersions as revealed from XRD data. Optimized formulation
(S-S 1) demonstrated more than 95% of drug release irrespective of the pH environments of
the medium. Calculation of dissolution efficiency and similarity factors indicate that S SNEDDS resulted
in a higher drug dissolution rate over binary dispersion (p<0.01). The stability studies
showed that the S SNEDDS were stable in performances and CPD assay.

Conclusion:

The present investigation provides an alternative approach for enhancing the CPD dissolution
rate using self-solidifying solid SNEDDS exhibited solidification behaviour at ambient
temperature conditions and drug loading, which could be exploited over conventional dosage form.
A Relook into Visceral Slide Test as a Preoperative Screening Modality to
Detect Abdominal Wall Adhesions: A Prospective Observational Cohort
Study
Authors: Shivananda Roopa P. , Jain Himanshi , Rao Shubha , Hegde Nivedita , Paladugu Sangamithra , Vasudeva Akhila
Published: August 2021

Background:

Ultrasound has become an invaluable tool in our daily practice. Its role in
screening for adhesions has been tested since the 1990s.

Objective:

This study aims to determine the role of the visceral slide test as a screening method to
predict abdominal wall adhesions in women undergoing gynecological surgery.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective observational cohort study from August 2017 to July 2019
in women undergoing elective abdominopelvic surgery for a gynecological indication. Preoperatively,
a visceral slide test was performed in 5 specified zones on the abdomen and the test results
were clinically correlated with the presence, severity, and extent of adhesions intra-operatively.

Results:

Results were reported as mean, standard deviation, range of values or number and percent.
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy
(including 95% confidence interval for all) of visceral slide test were calculated to determine intra-
abdominal adhesions . We also found a correlation between the number of negative slide tests
and PAI scores using Spearman’s correlation test. Of the 339 women who completed the study,
41.2% had a previous history of abdominopelvic surgery. In this study, the visceral slide test was
found to have a sensitivity of 70.87% (95%CI 62.15-78.59), specificity of 86.32% (95% CI
80.95-90.64), Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 75.63% (95% CI 68.49-81.59), negative predictive
value (NPV) of 83.18%(95% CI 78.95-86.70) and diagnostic accuracy of 80.53%(95% CI
75.91-84.61)with p-value less than 0.001. The number of negative slide tests positively correlated
with the Peritoneal Adhesion Index score (r = 0.662, p < 0.001) and also with increasing operative
time and intraoperative blood loss. Accuracy and positive predictive value of the test were significantly
higher in patients with a history of abdominal surgeries, endometriosis and PID.

Conclusion:

Visceral slide test is an easy, rapid, non-invasive and reliable screening test to predict
abdominal adhesions in women undergoing gynecological surgery. The presence of risk factors for
adhesions increases the accuracy of the test.
Potent Anticancer Activities of Beauvericin Against KB Cells In Vitro by Inhibiting
the Expression of ACAT1 and Exploring Binding Affinity
Authors: Huang Hongbo , Tao Yiwen , Zhou Haiming , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiaoqing , Guo Shili , Lin Huimei , Ding Bo
Published: August 2021

Background and Objective:

Beauvericin (BEA), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide mycotoxin, is a potent inhibitor
of the acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase enzyme 1 (ACAT1), involved in multiple tumor-correlated pathways.
However, the binding mechanisms between BEA and ACAT1 were not elucidated.

Methods:

BEA was purified from a mangrove entophytic Fusarium sp. KL11. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was
used to determine the structure of BEA. Wound healing assays of BEA against KB cell line and MDA-MB-231 cell
line were evaluated. Inhibitory potency of BEA against ACAT1 was determined by ELISA assays. Molecular docking
was carried out to illuminate the bonding mechanism between BEA and ACAT1.

Results:

The structure of BEA was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, indicating a monoclinic crystal system with P21
space group (α = 90°, β = 92.2216(9)°, γ= 90°). BEA displayed migration-inhibitory activities against KB cells and
MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. ELISA assays revealed that the protein expression level of ACAT1 in KB cells was significantly
decreased after BEA treatment (P ＜0.05). Molecular docking demonstrated that BEA formed hydrogen
bond with His425 and pi-pi staking with Tyr429 in ACAT1.

Conclusions:

BEA sufficiently inhibited the proliferation and migration of KB cells and MDA-MB-231 cells by downregulating
ACAT1 expression. In addition, BEA potentially possessed a strong binding affinity with ACAT1. BEA
may serve as a potential lead compound for the development of a new ACAT1-targeted anticancer drug.