bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabio Mario Silva, ed., Maria de Mesquita Pimentel, Memorial dos Milagres de Cristo e triunfo do Divino Amor [Recensão]
Authors: Marques Samyn Henrique
Published: January 2018

Pimentel, Maria de Mesquita, Memorial dos Milagres de Cristo e triunfo do Divino Amor. Organização, notas e estudos introdutórios de Fabio Mario da Silva. São Paulo: Todas as Musas, 2017, 405 pp. ISBN: 978-85-9583-009-7
Women Playwrights of Early Modern Spain [Reseña]
Authors: Vizán Rico Blanca
Published: January 2018

Enríquez de Guzmán, Feliciana; Ana Caro Mallén y sor Marcela de San Félix, Women Playwrights of Early Modern Spain, Nieves Romero-Díaz and Lisa Vollendorf (eds.), Harley Erdman (trad.), Toronto ;  Tempe: Ontario Iter Press ; Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies , 2016, 272 pp. (The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe. The Toronto Series, 49; Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 501) ISBN 978-0866985567
The influence of climate conditions and fertilizer rates calculated by different methods on spring wheat crop
Authors: Staugaitis Gediminas , Aleknavičienė Loreta , Brazienė Zita , Marcinkevičius Antanas
Published: January 2018

In 2011–2015, at the Rumokai Experiment Station of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry research was carried out with spring wheat on Bathihypogleyi-Calc(ar)ic Luvisol (LVk-gld-w) with predominant silt loam ant clay loam. The main aim was to determine the influence of climate conditions and fertilizer rates calculated by different methods on spring wheat. Five years of research have shown that using the Fertilization Program “Derlius” of the Agrochemical Laboratory at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, during spring wheat fertilization the nitrogen fertilizers were less consumed by 15.8%, phosphorus by 81.9% and potassium by 41.1% compared with fertilization for obtaining the planned 5 t ha–1 spring wheat grain yield. Also, the studies have shown that climatic conditions in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea greatly affect the yield of spring wheat. The yield of wheat grain and straw, and the number of productive stems correlated with the amount of precipitation and the sum of active temperatures in spring wheat BBCH 21–37 growth stages. A negative correlation was established in the growth stages BBCH 61–89 between higher rainfall and spring wheat yields. The average data from the five years of research showed that the sum of active temperatures during wheat growth increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the straw, and phosphorus and potassium concentrations in the grain.
Non-native Amelanchier spicata (Lam.) K. Koch distribution and impact on the structure and composition of forest phytocenoses in Lithuanian forests
Authors: Pratašienė Kristina , Marozas Vitas
Published: January 2018

The aim of this research was to determine the distribution of Amelanchier spicata in different forests of Lithuania by different forest stand parameters (dominant species, age, stocking level) and forest site types; to determine its impact on the composition and structure of forest phytocenoses and soil chemical characteristics. The research was carried out in June–August, 2016–2017. 24-barrel plots were singled out in different forests of Lithuania. During the forest inventory locations with dominant Amelanchier spicata were selected. The distribution of Amelanchier spicata in forests with different dendrometrical parameters was carried out using the forest inventory database.The distribution of underbrush species in various stands of forests and forest site types was expressed as a proportion of the total plot area of Lithuanian pine, spruce, birch forests and of Nb, Nc, Lb, Ld, Uc forest site types to determine where Amelanchier spicata was spread mostly. In each barrel, in five randomly selected places, from the top soil layer (0–10 cm) samples were taken and a subsequent chemical analysis was done. Mostly Amelanchier spicata was spread in pine stand forests and occupied 2,406.4 ha plot area, it was spread in 0.33% of total Lithuanian pine forests. This determined species was found abundantly in N site types, normal 0.7–0.8 stocking level pine forests. It was found that forest communities with Amelanchier spicata were rich of plant species (110 species were found) and grew in less acid and nutritious soils.
The role of the sugar receptor IR60b for Drosophila melanogaster: A hypothesis
Authors: Szyszka Paul , Galizia C. Giovanni
Published: January 2018

In a recent paper, Joseph and colleagues (Joseph et al., 2017) have characterized the selective sucrose receptor IR60b in Drosophila, and proposed that it serves to limit sucrose consumption, and thus to prevent overfeeding. Here, we propose an alternative hypothesis for this sucrose receptor. Adult fruit flies feed by excreting saliva onto the food, and imbibing

the predigested liquefied food, or by filling the crop, where the food is predigested. Enzymes in the saliva hydrolyse starch and disacharides into absorbable monosacharides. Premature ingestion into the midgut would not give the enzymes in the saliva enough time to predigest the food. Thus, IR60b might be used as a sensor to monitor the digestive state of external food or crop content: when disaccharides (sucrose) concentration is high, ingestion is inhibited, preventing the malabsorption of sucrose in the gut.
Is there a link between aging and microbiome diversity in exceptional mammalian longevity?
Authors: Hughes Graham M. , Leech John , Puechmaille Sébastien J. , Lopez Jose V. , Teeling Emma C.
Published: January 2018

A changing microbiome has been linked to biological aging in mice and humans, suggesting a possible role of gut flora in pathogenic aging phenotypes. Many bat species have exceptional longevity given their body size and some can live up to ten times longer than expected with little signs of aging. This study explores the anal microbiome of the exceptionally long-lived Myotis myotis bat, investigating bacterial composition in both adult and juvenile bats to determine if the microbiome changes with age in a wild, long-lived non-model organism, using non-lethal sampling. The anal microbiome was sequenced using metabarcoding in more than 50 individuals, finding no significant difference between the composition of juvenile and adult bats, suggesting that age-related microbial shifts previously observed in other mammals may not be present in Myotis myotis. Functional gene categories, inferred from metabarcoding data, expressed in the M. myotis microbiome were categorized identifying pathways involved in metabolism, DNA repair and oxidative phosphorylation. We highlight an abundance of ‘Proteobacteria’ relative to other mammals, with similar patterns compared to other bat microbiomes. Our results suggest that M. myotis may have a relatively stable, unchanging microbiome playing a role in their extended ‘health spans’ with the advancement of age, and suggest a potential link between microbiome and sustained, powered flight.
Racial and Ethnic Variation in the Relationship Between Student Loan Debt and the Transition to First Birth
Authors: Min Stella , Taylor Miles G.
Published: January 2018

The present study employs discrete-time hazard regression models to investigate the relationship between student loan debt and the probability of transitioning to either marital or nonmarital first childbirth using the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97). Accounting for nonrandom selection into student loans using propensity scores, our study reveals that the effect of student loan debt on the transition to motherhood differs among white, black, and Hispanic women. Hispanic women holding student loans experience significant declines in the probability of transitioning to both marital and nonmarital motherhood, whereas black women with student loans are significantly more likely to transition to any first childbirth. Indebted white women experience only a decrease in the probability of a marital first birth. The results from this study suggest that student loans will likely play a key role in shaping future demographic patterns and behaviors.
Sexual Dysfunction Among Young Men: Overview of Dietary Components Associated With Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Mykoniatis Ioannis , Grammatikopoulou Maria G. , Bouras Emmanouil , Karampasi Efthalia , Tsionga Aikaterini , Kogias Athanasios , Vakalopoulos Ioannis , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Chourdakis Michael
Published: January 2018

Background

Sexual dysfunction is relatively common in young men, presenting in diverse manifestations, including erectile dysfunction (ED), for which dietary modifications, including increased intake of dietary antioxidants, have been suggested as promising and cost-efficient approaches.

Aim

To assess the consumption of selected dietary antioxidants, in particular flavonoids, in relation to ED symptoms in young men.

Methods

Men 18 to 40 years old were invited to complete an anonymous web-based questionnaire for this case-control study. ED was diagnosed with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and flavonoid intake was recorded using food-frequency questionnaires, with an emphasis on flavonoid-rich foods such as coffee, fruits, etc. Participants without ED (IIEF score ≥ 26; n = 264) formed the control group and those with ED (IIEF score < 26; n = 86) formed the case group.

Outcomes

Dietary flavonoid intake.

Results

Men with ED reported a lower median monthly intake of total flavonoids (−2.18 g, 95% CI = −3.15 to −1.21, P < .001) and all flavonoid subclasses (P < .001) compared with controls. Adjustment of intake for age and body mass index showed that consumption of flavonoids 50 mg/day lowered the risk for ED by 32% (odds ratio = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55–0.85, P < .001). Of all recorded flavonoids, flavones appeared to contribute the most to healthy erectile function. Controls reported a greater consumption of vegetables and fruits, a lower intake of dairy and alcoholic beverages, and a less intense smoking habit compared with cases (P < .001).

Clinical Implications

Increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and flavonoids decreases the risk of ED in young men.

Strength and Limitations

The strength of this study stems from the innovative hypothesis, the young age of participants, and the suggested therapeutic effects of cheap dietary components against ED. Limitations include the relatively small sample and cross-sectional design.

Conclusion

Low flavonoid—in particular flavone—intake is associated with ED in young adult men.
Osteotomias femorais distais com cunha de fechamento medial—estudo retrospectivo
Authors: Cabral Pedro Barreira , Astur Diego Costa , Freitas Eduardo Vasconcelos , Pavei Bruno Silveira , Kaleka Camila Cohen , Cohen Moises
Published: January 2018

Objetivo Descrever a técnica cirúrgica da osteotomia femoral com cunha de fechamento medial e uma série de casos submetidos a essa técnica.

Métodos Foram avaliados 26 pacientes submetidos a osteotomia femoral distal com cunha de fechamento medial de 2002 a 2013. Os prontuários e exames de imagem de todos os pacientes foram revisados para avaliação do grau de correção e estado atual.

Resultados Dos 26 pacientes operados, 12 eram do sexo masculino e 14 do feminino. A idade média foi de 47,15 anos. Em todos os casos, obteve-se alinhamento neutro em relação ao eixo anatômico. A maioria dos pacientes alcançou a consolidação óssea da osteotomia com seis semanas. Não foram observados casos de sangramentos durante a cirurgia. Um paciente apresentou retardo da consolidação óssea. Um paciente apresentou desconforto sobre a placa, foi necessária sua retirada. Um paciente apresentou infecção superficial sem necessidade de revisão da osteotomia. Não foram observados casos de trombose venosa profunda e tromboembolismo pulmonar. Até o momento não houve conversão para artroplastia total de joelho.

Conclusão O tratamento com osteotomia femoral distal com cunha de fechamento medial manteve a correção proposta em pacientes com seguimento de até 15 anos.
Treaty Exit and Latin America's Constitutional Courts
Authors: Huneeus Alexandra , Urueña René
Published: January 2018

Constitutional courts in Latin America have used judicial review to enhance the relevance of international law in recent years. Some scholars even speak of a growing “
constitutionalization of international law” in the region. But these domestic courts can also act as gatekeepers that blunt or entirely deflect the domestic impact of international law. This essay explores three recent episodes in which constitutional courts joined or led efforts to escape treaty obligations: the Venezuelan Supreme Court's judgment urging the Chávez Administration to denounce the American Convention of Human Rights on constitutional grounds, which Chavez then did in 2012 (a court-inspired treaty exit); the Colombian executive's 2013 petition to have Colombia's acceptance of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ's) jurisdiction under the Pact of Bogotá declared unconstitutional (a court-legitimated treaty exit); and the Dominican Republic (DR) Constitutional Tribunal's 2014 judgment holding that the DR's acceptance of the jurisdiction of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) had been unconstitutional (a court-led treaty exit).
The Rise of the Migration-Development Nexus in Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa, 1960–2010
Authors: Dedieu Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2018

This article aims to analyze the emergence of the migration-development nexus after decolonization in Francophone sub-Saharan Africa. The first section explores the way in which French governmental bodies and NGOs started to frame public policies linking migration and development in the 1960s and 1970s. The second section highlights how developmentalist ideology was mobilized in the 1980s in order to set up return policies in partnership with African governments who were increasingly inclined to control migrants’ monetary remittances. The last section emphasizes how the migration-development nexus was orchestrated to control migratory flows from the late 1980s onwards.
Vale Kevin Walsh, 1925–2017
Authors: Ponsford Jennie
Published: January 2018

Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment (ASSBI) is deeply saddened by the death of Dr Kevin Walsh, at the age of 92, on 4 December 2017. Kevin has been one of the grandfathers of clinical neuropsychology and was the founder of ASSBI. After serving in the RAAF, he completed a medical degree in 1951 and went straight on to pursue his interest in the study of psychology, by completing Bachelor's and Master's degrees. Whilst assisting in psychosurgery, Kevin wrote his Master's thesis on the assessment of the effects of frontal lobe dysfunction, based on his studies of patients undergoing frontal leucotomies in the 1950s, a truly seminal work in elucidating frontal lobe functions. In 1961, he joined the Department of Psychology at the University of Melbourne. He taught neuropsychology and, forging a close collaboration with neurologist, Dr Peter Bladin, he established the first neuropsychology clinic at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne in 1974.
Towards a Ritual Turn in Comparative Theology: Opportunities, Challenges, and Problems
Authors: Moyaert Marianne
Published: January 2018

Comparative theology generally begins from a study of texts, scriptural texts that have been canonized, and commentaries on these texts—as well as philosophical, theological and mystical treatises. Though this textual focus gives us access to some of the most subtle and nuanced reasonings developed in various traditions, I am concerned that this textual focus may limit our understanding of religion, and I am convinced that broadening the scope of comparative theology beyond texts will also contribute to the theological creativity of this approach. I hypothesize that, depending on the sort of source from which we theologize, different questions will come to mind relating to different theological problems. Indeed, turning to material and ritual practices, in addition to textual sources, will reveal aspects of the divine that remain invisible when one stays within the limits of textual study. I do not, in any way, want to turn this into an either/or story in which reading texts is placed over against engaging ritual and material practices. What I envision is a complementarity between textual and ritual comparison, not a privileging of one over the other.
The Casuistic Priestly Law in Ancient Mediterranean Context: The History of the Genre and itsSitz im Leben
Authors: Darshan Guy
Published: January 2018

While numerous scholars have compared the Priestly regulations in the Pentateuch to ancient Near Eastern “ritual texts,” the Priestly legal material more generally corresponds in form and style to ancient Near Eastern casuistic law collections than to descriptive or prescriptive “ritual texts.” At the same time, ancient Near Eastern law collections do not contain any ritual or religious ordinances, relating instead primarily to civil and financial affairs or social law and order. This paper examines the formal, substantive, and generic affinities between the Priestly laws and the casuistic Greek “Sacred Laws” inscribed on stone and other materials throughout the eastern Mediterranean basin from the sixth century BCE onwards. Analysis of related Northwest-Semitic and Punic texts, as well as potential precedents from the Hittite world, further contributes to our understanding of theSitz im Lebenof the casuistic Priestly law.
The Death of Tragedy: The Form of God in Euripides'sBacchaeand Paul'sCarmen Christi
Authors: Cover Michael Benjamin
Published: January 2018

Scholarship on Phil 2:6–11 has long wrestled with the question of “interpretive staging.” While acknowledging that Jewish sapiential and apocalyptic literature as well as Roman apotheosis narratives provide important matrices for the hymn, the following study pinpoints a third backdrop against which Paul's dramatic christology would have been heard in Philippi: Euripidean tragedy. Echoes of Dionysus's opening monologue from Euripides'sBacchaein thecarmen Christisuggest that Roman hearers of Paul's letter likely understood Christ's kenoticmetamorphosisas a species of Dionysian revelation. This interpretive recognition accomplishes a new integration of the hymn's Jewish and imperial-cultic transcripts. Jesus's Bacchic portraiture supports a theology of Christ's pre-existence, while simultaneously establishing him as a Dionysian antithesis to the imperial Apolloniankyrios Caesar. These Dionysian echoes also elevate the status of slaves and women, and suggest that “the tragic” remains modally present within the otherwise comicfabulaof the Christ myth.
Older people in Sweden without means: on the importance of age at immigration for being ‘twice poor’
Authors: GUSTAFSSON BJÖRN , MAC INNES HANNA , ÖSTERBERG TORUN
Published: January 2018

This paper examines immigrant poverty at an older age in Sweden with an emphasis on late-in-life immigrants. We analyse tax data for the entire Swedish-born and non-Swedish-born population. The poverty status of a household is assessed using two criteria. First, the disposable income of the household in which the person lived in 2007 must be below 60 per cent of the median equivalent income in Sweden as a whole. Second, to be classified as ‘twice poor’ a household's net assets must be below SEK 10,000. The results indicate that three out of four Swedish-born older persons were not classified as poor by either of the criteria, and only 1 per cent by both criteria. In contrast, among older persons born in low-income countries almost three out of four were classified as poor according to one of the criteria and not fewer than one in three according to both. Results of estimating logistic models indicate that the risk of being considered poor according to both criteria is strongly positively related to one's age at immigration. Our results indicate that it is crucial that migrants, particularly those who arrive after age 40, be better integrated into the Swedish labour market. To alleviate poverty among those migrants who are already of older age, increased transfers are probably the only possible alternative.
Outbreak epidemiologically linked with a composite product of beef, mechanically separated chicken and textured vegetable protein contaminated with multiple serotypes of Salmonella enterica including multidrug-resistant Infantis, California 2016
Authors: Hutchinson J. A. , Wheeler C. , Mohle-Boetani J. C.
Published: January 2018

A salmonellosis outbreak occurred at a California prison in April and May 2016. In a cohort study of 371 inmates, persons who consumed dishes from the prison kitchen made from ground meat had a higher attack rate (15%) than those who did not (4%) (risk ratio 3.4, 95% CI 1.1–10.6). The ground meat product was composed exclusively of beef, mechanically separated chicken (MSC) and textured vegetable protein; eight of eight lots of the product collected from the prison and processing facility were contaminated with Salmonella enterica of eight serotypes and 17 distinct PFGE patterns, including multidrug-resistant S. Infantis. Either the MSC or the beef could have been the source of the particular strains of S. enterica isolated from patients or the product. The microbiological evidence is most consistent with MSC as the source of the high levels of S. enterica in the epidemiologically linked meat product. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence about the hazard posed by the use of products containing raw mechanically separated poultry in kitchens in institutions.
Pilot survey of norovirus in Northern Italy: an example of surveillance of norovirus gastroenteritis
Authors: Pagani E. , Folli F. , Tofani S. , Ruggeri F. M. , Ostanello F. , Di Bartolo I.
Published: January 2018

In this study, we describe the results of virological investigations carried out on cases of gastroenteritis reported in different communities within a 2-year pilot surveillance programme (January 2012 to December 2013) in the autonomous province of Bolzano (Northern Italy). Among the 162 norovirus (NoV)-positive cases out of 702 cases investigated, 76 were grouped in nine suspected outbreaks, 37 were hospital-acquired and 49 were community-acquired sporadic cases. NoV infections were found in all age groups in outbreak and community-acquired cases, while the highest peak of hospital-acquired infections occurred in the elderly. Sequence analyses helped to identify suspected outbreaks both in the community and in hospital wards. Although GII.4 is the predominant genotype, sequence data confirmed that at least seven genotypes circulate causing sporadic cases. Findings in this study confirmed the relevance of NoV infections as a cause of outbreaks, and impact of NoV infections in community-acquired sporadic cases in adults that are rarely described because of a lack of reporting.
Effectiveness of echocardiography simulation training for paediatric cardiology fellows in CHD
Authors: Dayton Jeffrey D. , Groves Alan M. , Glickstein Julie S. , Flynn Patrick A.
Published: January 2018

Simulation is used in many aspects of medical training but less so for echocardiography instruction in paediatric cardiology. We report our experience with the introduction of simulator-based echocardiography training at Weill Cornell Medicine for paediatric cardiology fellows of the New York–Presbyterian Hospital of Columbia University and Weill Cornell Medicine. Knowledge of CHD and echocardiographic performance improved following simulation-based training. Simulator training in echocardiography can be an effective addition to standard training for paediatric cardiology trainees.
After the Massacres: Nursing Survivors of Partition Violence in Pakistan Punjab Camps
Authors: CHATTHA ILYAS
Published: January 2018

This article explores the conditions and treatment of the ordinary refugees—survivors of the 1947 partition violence—in the Pakistan Punjab relief camps, in particular the circumstances of women, children and those who arrived with terrible wounds, yet received at best rudimentary medical assistance when the emergent Pakistan state was still working out its responsibilities in the process of transition. A large number of them succumbed to the epidemics which swept refugee camps. The impact of cholera on the camp population will be addressed in a discussion of the episode in Hanfia School Camp. This created the circumstances for the second major theme of this article—the adoption of children. Little if anything has previously been written about the extent of adoption following partition, or on its mixed motivations and social implications. Finally, the article considers the governmental responses to the camp population and state provision to the orphan refugee children. Much of the previously un-used material in this article is both harrowing in its character and disturbing for sanitised nationalist historiography. It is necessary however to address it in order to provide a full appreciation of the ‘lived experience’ of the partition.
The Music Room: Betty Freeman's Musical Soirées
Authors: JOHNSON JAKE
Published: January 2018

For over ten years, Los Angeles arts patron Betty Freeman (1921–2009) welcomed composers, performers, scholars, patrons, and invited guests into her home for a series of monthly musicales that were known as ‘Salotto’. In this article, I analyse Freeman's musicales within a sociological framework of gender and what Randall Collins calls ‘interaction rituals’. I contextualize these events, which took place in a space in her Beverly Hills home known as the Music Room, within a broader history of salon culture in Los Angeles in the twentieth century – a history that shaped the city's relationship with the artistic avant-garde and made Los Angeles an important amplifier for many of the most important voices in contemporary Western art music of the last sixty years.
Music and Revolution in the Long 1960s
Authors: HEILBRONNER ODED
Published: January 2018

When discussing the relationship between popular music and social-political change in the long 1960s, historians and critics have tended to fluctuate between two opposing poles. On the one hand, there is Arthur Marwick's approach, echoed in Jon Savage's recent book1966:The Year the Decade Exploded.In Marwick's cross-national survey, he examines social change in the West during the ‘Long Sixties’ (1958–72), when a ‘cultural revolution’ occurred in which protest music played a major role. On the other hand, there are Peter Doggett's and Dominic Sandbrook's observations that the top-selling albums of the 1960s and 1970s did not include some masterpiece by the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Bob Dylan, David Bowie, Queen, or other leading figures in rock music, but rather the soundtrack ofThe Sound of Music. Sandbrook writes that it ‘projected a familiar, even conservative vision of the world, based on romantic love and family life. In a period of change it offered a sense of reassurance and stability, not only in its plot but also in its musical style . . . [T]hese were the values of millions . . . in the Swinging Sixties’. Doggett similarly points to the popularity of Julie Andrews and the soundtracks ofMary PoppinsandThe Sound of Music. These soundtracks ‘made no attempt to alter the culture or educate the listener’ he suggests, and that is why they have been relegated ‘to a footnote in the history of popular music’ even while being the top-selling records of 1965 and 1966.
Creating a ‘hostile environment for migrants’: the British government’s use of health service data to restrict immigration is a very bad idea
Authors: Hiam Lucinda , Steele Sarah , McKee Martin
Published: January 2018

In January 2017, the UK Government made public a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the Department of Health, National Health Service (NHS) Digital and the Home Office. This Memorandum allows for the more expedited sharing of a patient’s non-clinical data, specifically from the NHS England to the Home Office. The Government justified the MoU as in the ‘public interest to support effective immigration enforcement’. In this review, we seek to unpack this justification by providing, first, a background to the MoU, placing it in the context of creating a ‘hostile environment’ for migrants – a project initially sought by Theresa May in her time as Home Secretary. We then explore the potential impact of data sharing on individual health, public health and on health professionals. We conclude that the MoU could threaten both individual and public health, while placing health professionals in an unworkable position both practically and in terms of their duties to patients around confidentiality. As such, we agree with colleagues’ position that it should be suspended, at least until a full consultation and health impact assessment can be carried out.
The National Health Service (NHS) at 70: Bevan’s double-edged legacy
Authors: Klein Rudolf
Published: January 2018

The paper analyses the achievements and problems stemming from Nye Bevan’s model of a tax funded national health care system, on the assumption that only so could equity be achieved. The evidence shows that indeed the National Health Service (NHS) scores highly on equity, so vindicating Bevan’s vision. The price paid is that fiscal crises are the norm for the NHS, with ever more centralisation, intensive regulation and performance management. Successive reorganisations represent attempts to square the circle – to combine the strengths of Bevan’s model and those of a less hierarchic system – but have so far failed to deliver and can be expected to continue.
A new peculiar species of the genus Helius Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Cretaceous Álava amber (Spain)
Authors: Kania Iwona , Krzemiński Wiesław , Arillo Antonio
Published: January 2018

Helius spiralensis sp. nov., is a very peculiar species of the genus Helius (Diptera: Limoniidae), with a characteristic morphology of hypopygium not found in other representatives of this genus. This is the second Helius species described from Early Cretaceous Álava amber (Spain), and one of the oldest representatives of the genus.
The oldest Trichoceridae (Diptera) from the Lower Jurassic of Kyrgyzstan: implications of the biomechanical properties of their wings
Authors: Krzemińska Ewa , Lukashevich Elena
Published: January 2018

Here is described the oldest known species of Trichoceridae, from Sogyuty, near lake Issyk-Kul (Kyrgyzstan; Lower Jurassic: Sinemurian). The species is placed in the genus Mailotrichocera Kalugina, 1985in Kalugina & Kovalev (1985), based on isolated wings. The venation of fossil and Recent Trichoceridae is discussed in terms of the biomechanical properties of the wings. The wings of the stem lineage of the family, characterised by a short subcostal vein, also had a larger distal supporting sector than younger lineages, including Recent representatives.
On the systematic position of a highly derived amphiesmenopteran insect from Burmese amber (Insecta, Amphiesmenoptera)
Authors: Mey Wolfram , Wichard Wilfried , Ross Emma , Ross Andrew
Published: January 2018

A small fossil insect with scales on the wings and body was identified as a representative of Aphiesmenoptera from Burmese amber. The species is introduced here as Tarachocelis microlepidopterella (†). The insect is described in detail, and photos and line drawings are provided for wing venation, head, mouthparts, scales, legs and abdomen. All characters shared with primitive Lepidoptera and Trichoptera are symplesiomorphies or groundplan traits of Amphiesmenoptera. In addition, the Burmese fossil has a number of remarkable autapomorphies, giving it an appearance that deviates clearly from known families of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera. The species, representing a family of its own, Tarachocelidae, is considered a separate and unique taxon in the stem-group of Amphiesmenoptera and is provisionally placed as Amphiesmenoptera incertae sedis.*

*NB: See Note Added in Proof (Section 4).
Strengthening IHL protecting persons deprived of their liberty: Main aspects of the consultations and discussions since 2011
Authors: Rodenhäuser Tilman
Published: January 2018

One key area in which international humanitarian law (IHL) needs strengthening is the protection of persons deprived of their liberty in relation to non-international armed conflicts (NIACs). While the Geneva Conventions contain more than 175 rules regulating deprivation of liberty in relation to international armed conflicts in virtually all its aspects, no comparable legal regime applies in NIAC. Since 2011, States and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have worked jointly on ways to strengthen IHL protecting persons deprived of their liberty. Between 2011 and 2015, the ICRC facilitated consultations to identify options and recommendations to strengthen detainee protection in times of armed conflict; since 2015, the objective of the process has shifted towards work on one or more concrete and implementable outcomes. The present note recalls the legal need to strengthen detainee protection in times of NIAC and the main steps that have been taken over the past years to strengthen IHL.
Pathway design using de novo steps through uncharted biochemical spaces
Authors: Kumar Akhil , Wang Lin , Ng Chiam Yu , Maranas Costas D.
Published: January 2018

Existing retrosynthesis tools generally traverse production routes from a source to a sink metabolite using known enzymes or de novo steps. Generally, important considerations such as blending known transformations with putative steps, complexity of pathway topology, mass conservation, cofactor balance, thermodynamic feasibility, microbial chassis selection, and cost are largely dealt with in a posteriori fashion. The computational procedure we present here designs bioconversion routes while simultaneously considering any combination of the aforementioned design criteria. First, we track and codify as rules all reaction centers using a prime factorization-based encoding technique (rePrime). Reaction rules and known biotransformations are then simultaneously used by the pathway design algorithm (novoStoic) to trace both metabolites and molecular moieties through balanced bio-conversion strategies. We demonstrate the use of novoStoic in bypassing steps in existing pathways through putative transformations, assembling complex pathways blending both known and putative steps toward pharmaceuticals, and postulating ways to biodegrade xenobiotics.
Formation and dynamics of a solar eruptive flux tube
Authors: Inoue Satoshi , Kusano Kanya , Büchner Jörg , Skála Jan
Published: January 2018

Solar eruptions are well-known drivers of extreme space weather, which can greatly disturb the Earth’s magnetosphere and ionosphere. The triggering process and initial dynamics of these eruptions are still an area of intense study. Here we perform a magnetohydrodynamic simulation taking into account the observed photospheric magnetic field to reveal the dynamics of a solar eruption in a real magnetic environment. In our simulation, we confirmed that tether-cutting reconnection occurring locally above the polarity inversion line creates a twisted flux tube, which is lifted into a toroidal unstable area where it loses equilibrium, destroying the force-free state, and driving the eruption. Consequently, a more highly twisted flux tube is built up during this initial phase, which can be further accelerated even when it returns to a stable area. We suggest that a nonlinear positive feedback process between the flux tube evolution and reconnection is the key to ensure this extra acceleration.
HLA-B, HLA-C and KIR improve the predictive value of IFNL3 for Hepatitis C spontaneous clearance
Authors: Frias Mario , Rivero-Juárez Antonio , Rodriguez-Cano Diego , Camacho Ángela , López-López Pedro , Risalde María Ángeles , Manzanares-Martín Bárbara , Brieva Teresa , Machuca Isabel , Rivero Antonio
Published: January 2018

IFNL3 is the strongest predictor of spontaneous resolution (SR) of hepatitis C virus (HCV), however, consideration of IFNL3 genotype alone is of limited clinical value for the prediction of SR or chronic HCV infection. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of HLA-B, HLA-C and KIRs on SR, as well as their additive effects on the predictive value of the IFNL3 genotype. We conducted a retrospective study of HIV patients that included both SR and chronic HCV patients. In our study, 61.6% of patients with IFNL3 CC achieved SR, and 81.5% with non-CC genotypes did not achieve SR. HLA-B*44, HLA-C*12, and KIR3DS1 were identified as predictive factors for SR, with percentages of 77.4%, 85.7% and 86.2%, respectively, for patients who did not experience SR. The presence of at least one of these three markers, defined as a genetically unfavorable profile (GUP), combined with the IFNL3 non-CC genotype showed a value of 100% for non-SR. The absence of the three markers, defined as a genetically favorable profile (GFP), in addition to the IFNL3 CC genotype showed a percentage of 74.1% for SR. The combination of these markers in addition to the IFNL3 genotype improves the predictive value of IFNL3 for SR of acute HCV infection in HIV patients, which would be clinically valuable.
High STAP1 expression in DUX4-rearranged cases is not suitable as therapeutic target in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Steeghs Elisabeth M. P. , Bakker Marjolein , Hoogkamer Alex Q. , Boer Judith M. , Hartman Quirine J. , Stalpers Femke , Escherich Gabriele , de Haas Valerie , de Groot-Kruseman Hester A. , Pieters Rob , den Boer Monique L.
Published: January 2018

Approximately 25% of the pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) cases are genetically unclassified. More thorough elucidation of the pathobiology of these genetically unclassified (‘B-other’) cases may identify novel treatment options. We analyzed gene expression profiles of 572 pediatric BCP-ALL cases, representing all major ALL subtypes. High expression of STAP1, an adaptor protein downstream of the B-cell receptor (BCR), was identified in BCR-ABL1-like and non-BCR-ABL1-like B-other cases. Limma analysis revealed an association between high expression of STAP1 and BCR signaling genes. However, STAP1 expression and pre-BCR signaling were not causally related: cytoplasmic Igμ levels were not abnormal in cases with high levels of STAP1 and stimulation of pre-BCR signaling did not induce STAP1 expression. To elucidate the role of STAP1 in BCP-ALL survival, expression was silenced in two human BCP-ALL cell lines. Knockdown of STAP1 did not reduce the proliferation rate or viability of these cells, suggesting that STAP1 is not a likely candidate for precision medicines. Moreover, high expression of STAP1 was not predictive for an unfavorable prognosis of BCR-ABL1-like and non-BCR-ABL1-like B-other cases. Remarkably, DUX4-rearrangements and intragenic ERG deletions, were enriched in cases harboring high expression of STAP1.
Neural Correlates of Sexual Orientation in Heterosexual, Bisexual, and Homosexual Women
Authors: Safron Adam , Klimaj Victoria , Sylva David , Rosenthal A. M. , Li Meng , Walter Martin , Bailey J. Michael
Published: January 2018

We used fMRI to investigate neural correlates of responses to erotic pictures and videos in heterosexual (N = 26), bisexual (N = 26), and homosexual (N = 24) women, ages 25–50. We focused on the ventral striatum, an area of the brain associated with desire, extending previous findings from the sexual psychophysiology literature in which homosexual women had greater category specificity (relative to heterosexual and bisexual women) in their responses to male and female erotic stimuli. We found that homosexual women’s subjective and neural responses reflected greater bias towards female stimuli, compared with bisexual and heterosexual women, whose responses did not significantly differ. These patterns were also suggested by whole brain analyses, with homosexual women showing category-specific activations of greater extents in visual and auditory processing areas. Bisexual women tended to show more mixed patterns, with activations more responsive to female stimuli in sensory processing areas, and activations more responsive to male stimuli in areas associated with social cognition.
Beta-catenin cleavage enhances transcriptional activation
Authors: Goretsky Tatiana , Bradford Emily M. , Ye Qing , Lamping Olivia F. , Vanagunas Tomas , Moyer Mary Pat , Keller Patrick C. , Sinh Preetika , Llovet Josep M. , Gao Tianyan , She Qing-Bai , Li Linheng , Barrett Terrence A.
Published: January 2018

Nuclear activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for cell proliferation in inflammation and cancer. Studies from our group indicate that β-catenin activation in colitis and colorectal cancer (CRC) correlates with increased nuclear levels of β-catenin phosphorylated at serine 552 (pβ-Cat552). Biochemical analysis of nuclear extracts from cancer biopsies revealed the existence of low molecular weight (LMW) pβ-Cat552, increased to the exclusion of full size (FS) forms of β-catenin. LMW β-catenin lacks both termini, leaving residues in the armadillo repeat intact. Further experiments showed that TCF4 predominantly binds LMW pβ-Cat552in the nucleus of inflamed and cancerous cells. Nuclear chromatin bound localization of LMW pβ-Cat552was blocked in cells by inhibition of proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity but not by other protease inhibitors. K48 polyubiquitinated FS and LMW β-catenin were increased by treatment with bortezomib. Overexpressedin vitrodouble truncated β-catenin increased transcriptional activity, cell proliferation and growth of tumor xenografts compared to FS β-catenin. Serine 552-> alanin substitution abrogated K48 polyubiquitination,  β-catenin nuclear translocation and tumor xenograft growth. These data suggest that a novel proteasome-dependent posttranslational modification of β-catenin enhances transcriptional activation. Discovery of this pathway may be helpful in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools in colitis and cancer.
Evidence of subtle genetic structure in the sympatric species Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Matić-Skoko Sanja , Šegvić-Bubić Tanja , Mandić Ivana , Izquierdo-Gomez David , Arneri Enrico , Carbonara Pierluigi , Grati Fabio , Ikica Zdravko , Kolitari Jerina , Milone Nicoletta , Sartor Paolo , Scarcella Giuseppe , Tokaç Adnan , Tzanatos Evangelos
Published: January 2018

Using thirteen microsatellite loci for Mullus barbatus and Mullus surmuletus collected in the Mediterranean Sea, the biogeographic boundaries, genetic distribution among and within basins and the impact of prolonged exploitation in both species were investigated as a basis for understanding their population dynamics and for improving Mullus spp. stock management. Different level of diversity indices among these co-occurring species were obtained, with M. barbatus showing higher allele richness and higher mean observed and expected heterozygosity than M. surmuletus. Reduced contemporary effective population size (Ne) and M-ratio values found in both species likely reflects recent demographic changes, due to a combination of high fishing pressures, habitat fragmentation and naturally occurring fluctuations in population size. Different patterns of genetic connectivity among populations sampled within the Mediterranean were observed for both species. Higher genetic structure was found for M. barbatus as opposed to a more homogenous pattern observed in M. surmuletus samples. Adriatic populations, previously considered panmictic and isolated from other Mediterranean regions, showed geographical partitioning within the basin but also population connectivity with the northern Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas. Our results highlight the need for temporal sampling in understanding the complex pattern of population connectivity in the Mediterranean, particularly for management purposes.
Author Correction: An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
Authors: Leonardi Michela , Barbujani Guido , Manica Andrea
Published: January 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Differentially expressed microRNAs between cattleyak and yak testis
Authors: Xu Chuanfei , Wu Shixin , Zhao Wangsheng , Mipam TserangDonko , Liu Jingbo , Liu Wenjing , Yi Chuanping , Shah Mujahid ali , Yu Shumin , Cai Xin
Published: January 2018

Cattleyak are interspecific hybrids between cattle and yak, exhibiting the same prominent adaptability as yak and much higher performances than yak. However, male infertility of cattleyak resulted from spermatogenic arrest has greatly restricted their effective utilization in yak breeding. In past decades, much work has been done to investigate the mechanisms of spermatogenic arrest, but little is known about the differences of the post-transcriptional regulators between cattleyak and yak, which may contribute to the impaired spermatogenesis. MiRNAs, a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA, were revealed to play crucial roles in regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level. In the present study, we identified 50 differentially expressed (DE) known miRNAs and 11 novel miRNAs by using Illumina HISeq and bioinformatic analysis. A total of 50 putative target sites for the 13 DE known miRNAs and 30 for the 6 DE novel miRNAs were identified, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses were performed to reveal the functions of target genes for DE miRNAs. In addition, RT-qPCR was performed to validate the expression of the DE miRNAs and its targets. The identification of these miRNAs may provide valuable information for a better understanding of spermatogenic arrest in cattleyak.
Developing genome-wide SNPs and constructing an ultrahigh-density linkage map in oil palm
Authors: Bai Bin , Wang Le , Zhang Ying Jun , Lee May , Rahmadsyah Rahmadsyah , Alfiko Yuzer , Ye Bao Qing , Purwantomo Sigit , Suwanto Antonius , Chua Nam-Hai , Yue Gen Hua
Published: January 2018

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.) is the leading oil-producing crops and the most important edible oil resource worldwide. DNA markers and genetic linkage maps are essential resources for marker-assisted selection to accelerate genetic improvement. We conducted RAD-seq on an Illumina NextSeq500 to discover genome-wide SNPs, and used the SNPs to construct a linkage map for an oil palm (Tenera) population derived from a cross between a DeliDuraand an AVROSPisifera. The RAD-seq produced 1,076 million single-end reads across the breeding population containing 155 trees. Mining this dataset detected 510,251 loci. After filtering out loci with low accuracy and more than 20% missing data, 11,394 SNPs were retained. Using these SNPs, in combination with 188 anchor SNPs and 123 microsatellites, we constructed a linkage map containing 10,023 markers covering 16 chromosomes. The map length is 2,938.2 cM with an average marker space of 0.29 cM. The large number of SNPs will supply ample choices of DNA markers in analysing the genetic diversity, population structure and evolution of oil palm. This high-density linkage map will contribute to mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important traits, thus accelerating oil palm genetic improvement.