bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of suryanamaskar practice on the body composition of female students
Authors: Shukla Shivesh
Published: July 2011

The present experiment was conducted on randomly selected 30 female students, their age ranging from 14 to 16, intended to measure the effect of suryanamaskar practice on the body composition of female students. Estimated body fat percentage was assessed by skinfold caliper at the biceps, triceps, suprailiac and subscapular. The experiment was of 6 weeks, 5 days a week for duration of 30 min. Percentage of fat is taken according to the assessment of body composition chart by JVGA Durnin and MM Rahaman. Paired t test was applied at the result was tested for significance 0.05 level. The obtained ‘t’ value between the pre-means of experimental group and control group was 0.18 which is less than the required value of 2.14 (0.05 level). The obtained ‘t’ value between the pre- and post-means of experimental group was 0.10 which is less than the required value of 2.14 (0.05 level). The ‘t’ value of the pre- and post-means of control group was 0.40 which is less than the required value of 2.14 (0.05 level). It shows that both the having similar total body fat of body composition. The ‘t’ value of the pre- and post-means of experimental group and control group was 0.01 which is very less than the required value of 2.14 (0.05 level). The finding reveals that no significant differences between the pre- and post-test of experimental and control group, may be attributed to the fact that the selected age group was active participant and have hectic schedule which keep the fat percentage to a very low level. This indicated that the suryanamaskar practice have no effect on the body composition of female students.
Epidemic obesity in school and community: current issues on causes, consequences, prevention and management with an Asia Pacific perspective
Authors: Chin Ming-kai
Published: July 2011

Increasing prevalence of obesity has been shown not only in the industrially developed countries, but also in the developing countries. Obesity is represented in all age categories and in male and female populations. In adults, it is mostly accompanied by various health problems – diabetes, diseases of the cardiovascular system, dyslipidaemia, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, cholecystopathy, orthopaedic problems and limited motor ability, etc; morbidity and mortality are shown to be increased due to obesity. The health situation is worse when obesity starts during childhood. Unlike the western developed or developing economies, the situation in Asia is rather complex. The economies of countries and regions in Asia are at different phases of development. In a recent WHO report, six Asian countries – China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan and Bangladesh – are listed among the top 10 countries with the greatest prevalence of the disease. Transitions in diet and nutrition and changes in activity patterns fuel the obesity epidemic. Rapid economic development in Asia together with raised standards of living over the last three decades have resulted in increased nutrient availability to many countries in the region and also improved health facilities. There have also been marked changes in the sources of nutrients and the patterns and composition of diets. Building environments in large, urban agglomerations that reward and encourage masses of people to make lifestyle choices, may be a key factor of the current problem in Asia and the USA. Social and economic conditions influenced, mostly through nutrition and physical activity regimes, the prevalence of obesity in different ways. An effort for timely diagnosis of early stages of obesity and efficient multifaceted treatment approaches combining intervention with nutritional and physical activity regimes, along with behavioural and psychological intervention are mostly recommendable. The aim of this presentation is to document current global trends of obesity with special reference in Asian-Pacific countries from an international perspective. Current changes in physical education, diet and physical activity patterns and video clips on model school programme in physical education and health and the new direction of holistic health and physical education discussed in the recent Global Forum of Physical Education Pedagogy (GoFPEP 2010) will be used for illustration.
Distribution of caffeine levels in urine in different sports in India
Authors: Dubey Sachin , Kaur Tejinder , Jain Shila , Beotra Alka
Published: July 2011

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant and was banned for use in sports. Caffeine was removed from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list from January 2004. As per the requirement of WADA, the WADA-accredited labs are monitoring the presence of caffeine for signs of possible abuse. National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL), India, is monitoring caffeine levels in in-competition urine samples of sports persons from different sports disciplines. The aim of the present study is to find the distribution of caffeine levels in urine in different sport disciplines in Indian and other south-east Asian countries. Caffeine was measured using an alkaline extraction with tertiary butyl methyl ether followed by gas chromatographic nitrogen-phosphorus specific detection. A comparison of statistical data from the urine samples done from January 2008 to July 2010 in NDTL, India, for different discipline of sports since January 2008 to July 2010 was performed. The study proves beneficial in monitoring the abuse of caffeine in different disciplines of sports.
The correlation between the use of sensory distraction to enable sports and fitness skills repetition and accelerating learning and fighting the childhood obesity epidemic
Authors: Root Thomas
Published: July 2011

Mr Root is committed to children who have lost interest in physical activity or those that have not discovered a form which excites them. Mr Root engineered HOPSports to redefine student perception and participation of school-based physical education by empowering kids to choose attractive and rewarding forms of physical activity that enable them to live sustainably in healthy lifestyles throughout adulthood. Through 21st century technology mediums, HOPSports delivers entertaining and educational digital content that effectively relate to 21st century kids. Children experience a variety of sensory distractions which enable the repetition of standards-based sports and fitness skills development. Kids may simultaneously watch wellness-themed animated videos, choose modern music, or learn valuable educational and social messaging while they increase their moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Independent studies plainly show that the HOPSports Training System (HTS) achieves significant increased MVPA among its student users. Educators can no longer ignore the growing body of research which explores the connection between exercise and the brain's performance that shows even moderate exercise will, among other things, supercharge mental circuits to beat stress, sharpen thinking and enhance memory. Consequently, the HTS both fights the childhood obesity epidemic and accelerates learning by enhancing cognitive focus for substantive classroom learning.
Physical activity at the workplace in the USA
Authors: Karch Robert
Published: July 2011

Most large corporations in the USA realise the benefits of implementing corporate wellness programmes, including a great focus on physical activity. These programmes are often offered by ‘forward-thinking’ corporations to attract and retain top-level talent, which is key for the success of their corporation. It also makes sense to invest in a healthy workforce, as the benefits are not only an improvement in employee health but also the money savings resulting from a decrease in absenteeism rates and health expenditure – especially in the USA where the cost of health expenditure is at its highest. Corporations are also realising the value of promoting health in the sense of social responsibility, which sets the corporation at a competitive advantage. As a result of these drivers, corporate fitness programmes are becoming more common among large corporations, but also among SMEs due to the increasing evidence of the positive effect of physical activity programmes. The emphasis of physical activity programmes in the workplace has become significant, due to the increasing research showing the importance of incorporating physical activity into daily lives. The workplace setting has demonstrated to be an ideal setting for promoting physical activity due to the following factors:

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the majority of waking time is spent at work

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support from co-workers

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encouragement and motivation team spirit

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easy access

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and the time factor.

A number of leading initiatives that promote physical activity at the workplace have emerged in the USA – for example, the CDC Healthier Worksite Initiative and the National Physical Activity Plan, which encourages various environments, including the workplace setting, to facilitate regular physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour. Corporations with implemented corporate fitness programmes have seen benefits in various formats; from the increase in morale and productivity to a significant return on investment as a result of a decrease in health expenditure. Noteworthy is that a successful programme starts with company leaders who engage in corporate fitness programmes and lead by example.
The role of folk games in fitness development
Authors: Nayak Ashok Kumar , Rout Pranakrishna
Published: July 2011

Youth who lacked in physical courage, fitness and skill were a danger to the community. It is a known fact that the present youth is very sportive. It is his general tendency to participate in different games and sports, which give him maximum pleasure, spontaneity and recognition. Apart from modern games and sports, the folk games also play an unique role in social reconstruction, prosperity for development of culture of the society and self. Folk games like Baguddi, Hu tu tu, Bohuchori, Gambhadian (folk games of Odisha) develop better physical fitness and can be compared with modern physical activities. This study was conducted on 50 rural male youths of Nayagarh district of Orissa State; all subjects were selected on random basis. The age of these subjects ranged between 18 and 22 years. The subjects were divided into two groups (experimental and control group). Twelve week training on Gambhandian (a folk activity conducted during Rakshya Bhandan in Orissa) was administered to the entire group with 30 min duration in the morning and evening 6 days a week. The pre- and post-test scores were taken and compared with Sargent's vertical jump. To find out the effect of the training programme the data was treated by applying analysis of co-variance and level of confidence was chosen at 0.05. Result of the study revealed that the experimental group on Gambhadian training programme can develop explosive power to increase jumping ability of an athlete.
Walking: common exercise for public and energy expenditure
Authors: Reddy G Shyam Mohan
Published: July 2011

Everyone should have an aim. But do not forget that on the quality of your aim will depend the quality of your life style. Your aim should be high and wide, generous and disinterested; this will make your life precious to yourself and to all. To work for your perfection the first step is to become conscious of yourself, of the different parts of your being and their respective activities. In a short, the so-called scientific exercises are consistent with the law of exercises, that is, the appropriate exercises intensity which is suitable for each person's physical features and individual exercises expenditure patterns. For the public, walking is one of the most common exercise. The most efficient and appropriate form of exercises and reasonable exercises intensity can account for the balance between human meal and energy expenditure, which also can maintain and improve health and exercise ability. All of these need the control of energy expenditure, if we want to control it effectively, we should acquaint ourselves with the law of the energy expenditure and build energy expenditure models, where the personal energy expenditure models are particularly important. By getting the walking frequency we can have the statistical analysis with the energy expenditure. Then with the energy expenditure, we will get the carbohydrate and fat expenditure in a period of exercises.
A study of risk assessment index to predict cardiovascular diseases among young adults (aged 20–40 years)
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Paliwal Mani
Published: July 2011

Every year cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) claim 5–6 million lives which account for 64% of all deaths reported in India. About one-fourth of these deaths occur in people below the age of 45 years. Therefore, in the present study 100 young adults was undertaken to predict the CVDs among young adults (aged 20–40 years) in the urban area of Mainpuri city, UP, with the main objectives to calculate and compare the risk assessment index among various groups of study and to correlate the risk assessment index with various socio-economic and demographic variables among the study population. These 100 cases were selected through multistage sampling technique and following findings were observed: (1) the high mean risk assessment score was found to be only in 8.0% of the total study subject. Mean risk assessment score was found to be high in males, aged 30–40 years, smokers, coffee/tea and alcohol users. (2) Higher risk was also observed among the respondents having family history of CVD with stressful life and did not perform any exercise. According to food pattern the mean risk assessment was found high among the respondents, who end feasts with ice-cream, sweets, take cakes and pastry in between meals, using saturated fat in the diet. (3) The mean intake of calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, riboflavin, vitamin C, iron, fat were found to be higher among high risk group and positively correlated with risk assessment scores among the study population. (4) Risk assessment score was also found to be positively correlated with age, family type, monthly income, body mass index and waist to hip ratio of the respondents.
Testing of human growth hormone in sports
Authors: Kaur Tejinder , Singh Ashok , Beotra Alka , Jain Shila
Published: July 2011

Doping with growth hormone (GH) is considered to be a major problem in sports. The use of human GH (hGH) is banned in sports by the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to its anabolic effect. The traditional urine analysis methods could not detect doping with hGH due to which the method was developed in blood for the detection of hGH. The 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Athens, Greece, and in 2006 Winter Olympic Games in Turin primarily targeted the testing of hGH. The testing method for hGH was developed in National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL) keeping in view the need to test hGH during Commonwealth Games 2010. The development and validation of the method is done per the international protocol being followed in other WADA-accredited labs. It is now part of the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 scope of NDTL since April 2010. The presentation will focus on the NDTL's experience of participation in various proficiency testing rounds and also testing of blood samples for hGH in routine.
Worksite health promotion programme for women
Authors: Chawla Gurjeet Kaur , Khanna G L
Published: July 2011

A healthy motivated workforce is very vital to an organisation. All over the world various organisations are investing on employees healthcare as health hazards exposure among employees for long are reflected on financial and goodwill status. Organisations that are implementing worksite health promotion programme and strategies achieve reduction in healthcare cost and long term disability along with additional benefits including reduced absenteeism, higher productivity and increased loyalty among employees. But it is an irony of fate that health hazards of women workers have been underestimated because occupational safety and health standards as well as exposure limits to hazardous substances are not based on female population. These factors contribute to work injuries, illnesses, physical stress and hypertension causing deterioration in the health of women workers leading to fatalities. It is amply manifest and greatly emphasised that worksite conditions of working women particularly in industries need to pay greater attention as women face a wide range of health and nutrition related problems throughout the life cycle. Women's safety and health problems are frequently ignored or are not accurately reflected in research and data collection.

If health promotion policies are to be effective for women, they must be based on more accurate information about the relationship between health and gender roles. Health promotion programmes or policies for working women need to take into account manifold functions of their lives. Measures should be taken to control occupational hazards to which women workers are exposed. Special action programme should be developed for work related hazards within each occupation, including psycho-social and organisational factors, taking into consideration the physical, mental and social wellbeing of women workers to get better productivity at workplace as well as to enjoy the given work activities to maintain balanced health and attribute wealth to the country.
Establishing a national inclusion programme
Authors: Gosney Jennifer
Published: July 2011

Sir Murray Halberg set up the Halberg Trust after winning a gold medal at the 1960 Olympics in Rome. The Halberg Trust aims to ensure disabled children have the opportunity to participate in sport and active leisure of their choice. The methods taken over the past 50 years to achieve this goal have varied dramatically and grown with community and social change. The Halberg Trust currently has 15 staff around the country to promote inclusion of disabled people in sport and physical activity. The Sport Opportunity Advisors are all based at their regional sporting trusts and work in a project approach to develop community inclusion through one on one project work, education, training and funding.
Special Olympics Bharat: the Indian perspective on disability sport
Authors: Keelor Denzil
Published: July 2011

Special Olympics International is a worldwide non-profit organisation for benefiting the intellectually disabled through the medium of sports. Special Olympics Bharat is the national accredited programme of Special Olympics International, meeting its high accreditation standards. Special Olympics Bharat is the National Sports Federation (NGO) in India recognised by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, as the sports federation for the intellectually disabled. In India, the programme has so far drawn over 23 000 coaches to work with over 550 000 athletes across 32 State Programmes. India being designated a Priority Nation by Special Olympics International, the goal is to extend the Special Olympics programme throughout the country and reach over 1 000 000 people with intellectual disability by end 2012. The presentation will include issues, challenges and endeavours in establishing and operating this predominantly volunteer driven programme across the country. The presenter will also highlight international linkages and its impact on the programme. In addition speak about what the future is looking like.
Somatotype and BMI profiles of Botswana Special Olympics athletes
Authors: Onyewadume Ignatius U , Dhaliwal Harvinder S
Published: July 2011

Introduction

Studies on the somatotype and body mass index (BMI) of athletes with disabilities are very scarce. Those on Special Olympics athletes, particularly of African origin, are even almost non-existent. The aim of this study was to profile and compare the somato-types and BMIs of male and female Botswana Special Olympics athletes.

Methods

The sampling design was purposive. Study participants comprised 11 male (15.5 ± 1.9) and 15 female (14.7 ± 3.1) randomly selected athletes with mild mental retardation. Measurement of the somatotype components – skinfolds, circumferences, breadths, lengths and heights were taken in line with the standards set by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Somatotypes were estimated with the Heath–Carter method. For the BMI, the procedure as described by Adams (2002) was adopted.

Results

Male participants had a mean somatotype rating of 1.7-2.0-3.3 (SD 2.0-1.1-2.3) while females had a mean of 3.4-3.6-2.6 (SD 1.9-4.6-1.6). Also, apart from the significant main effect of gender, F (1, 24) = 4.67, p = 0.041, on the endomorphy component of the somatotype of the participants, gender had no significant relationships:F(1, 24) = 1.31, p = 0.264 and,F(1, 24) = 0.66, p = 0.423, respectively, at p < 0.05.

Conclusion

The above results indicate that the participants' gender had very slight influence on the somatotype components of the Botswana Special Olympic athletes. The results have implications for the future selection of Botswana Special Olympics athletes and the scientific design of training programmes that would prepare the athletes morphologically for such an elite competition as the Special Olympics.
The role of sport as a change agent in the lives of women with disabilities: the Nigerian experience
Authors: Adeyanju Florence B , Sulieman Mariam A , Yesufu Angela
Published: July 2011

Evidence abound of the neglect and discrimination against women especially those with disabilities. Given the prejudice against women in general, women with disabilities in Nigeria suffer greater discrimination, additional burden and obstacles to their well being because of their disabilities. The burden in turn inhibits their integration and participation in numerous activities including sports. This paper examined the barriers to participation in sports by women with disabilities, it analysed perceived impact of sport on those who participate/participated and have excelled in it and explored further, the use of sport as a strategic tool for the needed positive change.
Sports tourism and adventure sports in India
Authors: Saini Ashwani
Published: July 2011

Definition

Sports tourism means to travel for the sake of either viewing or participating in sports event staying a part from their usual environment.

Introduction

Sports tourism in India has scored a high place for its self in Indian tourism industry. Sports tourism is broadly define by the adventure sports and game in India. There are indeed several destination in India offering sports tourism. There are varied sports activity that you can indulge during your vacation.

Types of adventure sports

Distinguished adventure sports: mountaineering, rock-climbing, scuba diving, water rafting, kayaking, canoeing, sailing, surfing, water scooting. Aero sports like: ballooning, paragliding, hand gliding.

These sports offers scope for sports lover and enthusiasts from all of the world.

Adventure hot sports in India

Goa, Andaman and Nicobar, Kerala, Uttranchal, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir, Assam, Sikkim, Lakshadweep.

Business and leisure

Business tour combined with active sports are becoming highly popular where business meets leisure and such kind of sports tourism on business tour is global cooperate strategy for employee entertainment and well being. Moreover sports tourism is nurture by professional sports person they have to travel extensively for there carrier to participate in national and international championship like Cricket World Cup, Soccer World Cup, Wimbledon so on and forth. Commonwealth Games 2010, Delhi is the best example of sports tourism.

Future of sports tourism

Scope and future of sports tourism is endless in India because of its diverse topography and climatic condition. You can enjoy on land and water, under water and in air whatsoever form of adventure sports in India. Future of sports tourism and adventure sports in India is very bright.
Marketing in sports: a tool for developing sports
Authors: Ghosh Indranil
Published: July 2011

Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in products or services. It generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication and business development. It is an integrated process through which companies build strong customer relationships and create value for their customers and for themselves. In sports such marketing strategies are effective tools, which give a company the opportunity to leverage on the passion that consumers have for sports. The reach of sporting organisations into community makes them an ideal vehicle through which they promote health and fitness to general population. There are various agencies which are promoting sports through marketing and sponsorships like Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, International Sports Federations, National Sports Organisations, National Institute of Sports, etc. Such agencies play different role in enhancing sports performance through sponsoring the players, equipments, clubs, etc. For example (A) providing platform to budding sports person to build up their career. (B) Duly take care of the market equipment in the field of sports. (C) Fabrication of marketing mix involved organising of an event. (D) Governments aid for sports promotion should be equalised. Here the role of the government is also very important which is to create the infrastructure and promote capacity building for broad-basing sports as well as for achieving excellence in various competitive events at the national and international levels. The Ministry's schemes are geared towards achieving these objectives. So we can conclude that government along with the sports marketing field can provide ample amount of opportunity to the sports organisations as well as to the sports agencies for developing, boosting and re-energising the sports arena.
Necessity to prepare and provide an illustrated dictionary of physical education and sport sciences
Authors: Marjani Vahid Karim Azad , Marandi Seyed Mohammad , Hovfsepian Volga , Mirsafiyan Hamidreza
Published: July 2011

The scope of technologies is so miscellaneous in military, security, medical and many other fields. According to the findings, reported by the Chinese institutions for exploration of Taiwanese markets, the ratio of software production volume to the similar amount for hardware in global information industry in 2010 will stand at 2:1; while this ratio has been 6:4 in 1997. In producing of this software, all of the available Persian and English language software's were used and the outline of creating Persian-English software was formed, furthermore, according to expansion of sport sciences and specialisation of the domains, it was decided to illustrate the dictionary. As a result the required pictures were provided from available sources and sorted alphabetically. The restoration of information was also done in an alphabetical order from the information bank. The videos and animations were formatted in FLV to occupy less amounts of space when installed. When the user types a word in this software, recalling of sound and image is possible in addition to Persian or English equivalents. More than 1000 images, 600 videos and 3350 words have been installed in the above-mentioned software and need a small space owing to the compressing tools utilised. In joint texts of PE and sport sciences there are some terms from all of the branches that mislead the specialists in translation of them. The present software is so comprehensive that solves such problems. Survey of this software demonstrates its advantages such as simplicity of use and availability of equivalents.
Fitness in a lifetime perspective: structure, process and results
Authors: Lagerstrøm D
Published: July 2011

At the end of the last century the incidences of health problems caused by a sedentary life style increased so dramatically, that experts and health organisations declared physical inactivity to be the main cause of illnesses in the 21st century in developed, industrialised countries (Blairet al1996; WHO 1996; Hollmann/Hettinger 2000; WHO 2002).

The explanation of this still dramatically expanding problem is as simple as causal. Human beings are, despite technical support and a fantastically developing medical area, still connected to nature's rules and therefore, in order to develop in childhood and stay fit and healthy as adults, to be and stay physically active lifelong (Lagerstrøm 2004; Helsedirektoratet 2008; Lagerstrøm 2010). That's way we in the industrialised world have to compensate the earlier daily given natural physical activity and in addition, to have success, base the strategies, activity and programmes on the mentioned nature given roles (stimulus and economising), with a special focus on the individuals conditions and circumstances. In order to base our recommendations and programmes on individuality, we developed and use questionnaire, screening and test protocols, as the 4 min aerobic screening, Squat test, Week links, etc, which are easy, safe and reproducible, To avoid a negative experience due to being active, we focus on basic movement like aerobic walking/running, soft skills and ADL related physical activity. Furthermore we take the philosophy and the five principles of the Norwegian Friluftsliv (not sport related, nature based, outdoor activities and behaviour), by the great Norwegian philosopher, Arne Ness, also explained as ‘a rich life, with simple support’, more and more into account (Lagerstrøm/Wicharz 2007; Liedtke/Lagerstrøm 2007; Lagerstrøm 2010). Using the ‘Norwegian way’ and focusing on non-sport physical activity and ADL we do not only register excellent physiological effects and lifestyle changes with a high compliance, but also get astonishing effects concerning the psychosomatic long term balance (Latschet al2007; Lagerstrøm 2008; Berget al2010). Summarising our more than 35 years experience with health related test-, training- and activity programmes it seems that about one-third of a population is comfortable or even excited and motivated to be physically active by doing sport or taking part in fitness programmes. For most people, unfortunately, training and sport seem not to be the adequate way to change a sedentary life style into a more active, health related life.
EMG in sports rehabilitation
Authors: Shenoy Shweta
Published: July 2011

Surface EMG has been used to evaluate the functional status of skeletal muscles and assist in neuromuscular training and rehabilitation. EMG has a wide range of applications that include rehabilitation in various conditions as well as in specific fields such as kinesiology and biomechanics. EMG may be used to analyse muscle dysfunction in athletes, detect inappropriate muscle activation patterns and assist in establishing and assessing treatment outcomes in conditions like incontinence and low back pain. Low back pain in athletes is a condition resistant to treatment, and an understanding of this syndrome has been possible only through the use of EMG. The study of postural and neuromuscular control responses has demonstrated that these responses differ in low back ache and healthy subjects.
Effect of whole body vibrations on performance indexes of aerobic power and flexibility in non-athlete men
Authors: Davoodi Babak , Arshadi Sajad , Bouri Shirin Zilaei
Published: July 2011

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of one session whole body vibration (WBV) on anaerobic power and flexibility in non-athletic male students. The participants were 12 untrained healthy male students (age: 25.42 years; body mass: 72.99 kg; height: 175.92 cm and body fat percentage: 19.69%). On the day of assessment, the subjects carried out 10 min-warm-up including jogging, stretching and cycling on ergometer. Then, several tests were carried out; vertical jumping test for assessing power, distance jumping test for assessing explosive power and sit and reach test for assessing flexibility. After that, the vibration with frequency 30 Hz and amplitude 10 mm was conducted eight times including 1-min vibration along with 1-min rest lasting for 15 min. After a 5-min cool down, the test of vertical test, distance jump and flexibility was repeated. The results showed that one session of WBV leads to a significant increase in the amount of vertical jump (p=0.009), peak and aerobic power (p=0.002) and flexibility (p=0.005). However, there was no significant increase in distance jump after WBV (p=0.063). Therefore, we concluded that one session of WBV would lead to an increase in anaerobic power, which can be due to neural activation of fast twitch motor units. The increase in flexibility was attributed to the neuromuscular facilitation resulting from WBV.
Knee lavage and physiotherapy: cost effective management for early osteoarthritis knees in sports persons
Authors: Sharma Rakesh
Published: July 2011

Osteoarthritis, the degenerative joint disease, most commonly affects the knee joint. Age and improper loading are the most important risk factors for osteoarthritis. Among the sports persons, runners, joggers, jumpers and the persons training by squatting exercises are the most prone to such changes. The biggest challenge in the management of osteoarthritic knees is to relieve pain and to retard the process of degeneration. Various causes have been attributed for the generation of pain. Microscopic as well as macroscopic degenerative debris arising from cartilage and synovium are the major factors. Pharmacological management as medicines, non-pharmacological non-surgical management in the form of physiotherapy and change of lifestyle and surgical management of different forms have been recommended depending upon the severity of osteoarthritis and choice of doctor. Knee lavage with steroid injection followed by regular physiotherapy is the most economical, durable and effective method in early cases of osteoarthritis knees to achieve pain relief and to improve the quality of life. Long-term results of 1500 cases of osteoarthritis knee treated by knee lavage using 4 litres of normal saline followed by 2 ml of DEPO-MEDROL injection and physiotherapy protocols are present. We had more than 80% excellent or good results using VAS scale for pain assessment, at the end of 2 years follow-up. The success rate is inversely related to the grade of osteoarthritis and the duration after the lavage. It is a very simple, economical and day care procedure and there should not be hesitation for repeat lavage after a few years if required.
Comparative study between hydrokinesio therapy and conventional physiotherapeutic modalities in perspective of rotator cuff impingement: a pilot study
Authors: DasSarma Sandipan , Mallick Anirban , Bhattacharyya Manabendra
Published: July 2011

Hydrokinesio therapy means active physical rehabilitation modality with the help of buoyancy, relative density, resistance and turbulence of water in swimming pool or tub. The aim was to evaluate the effect of the said therapy over conventional physiotherapeutic modalities, for example, mobilisation, manipulation in the cases of rotator cuff impingement. Twenty cases (10 males, 10 females with a mean age of 20 years) of rotator cuff impingements of different aetiologies with duration of pain of 8–12 weeks were divided arbitrarily into two groups. Modified DASH and ASES questionnaire were used to define pain perception and improvement. Goniometer was used to measure the pain-free range of movement. One of the groups (group A) was given different conventional physiotherapeutic modalities for 6 days a week (once daily) for 3 weeks and was compared against hydrokinesio therapy (group B) protocol (aquatic PNF, bad ragaz ring method, water pilates) once daily for 45 min for 3 weeks. Data were analysed statistically by means of improvement in range of motion of the affected shoulder joint and pain perception. p Value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Eight patients (group B) were satisfied with hydrokinesio therapy. Their DASH score was decreased 25 ± 5 whereas in group A the reduction was 15±6. Moreover, cases of group B showed significant improvement in painless range of motion (30° ± 5°), compared with group A (18° ± 4°). It can be suggested that being an active modality the said hydrokinesio therapy is showing significant patient benefit compared with conventional treatment.
Assessment of core stability in Indian women wrestling team and its relationship to low back pain
Authors: Dande Jahnavi , Sharma Sandipan Das , Bhattacharyya Manabendra
Published: July 2011

Wrestling is a dynamic and highly demanding sport. Core stability is predominantly maintained by dynamic function of muscular elements, which act as a bridge between upper limbs and lower limbs to transfer force and maintaining lumbo pelvic stability. Decreased core stability was reported to be associated with higher risk of low back injuries. This study aims to validate a static and dynamic core stability value of Indian woman wrestlers and to establish a correlation between stability score and low back pain. Twenty-eight Indian women national camper wrestlers participated in the study. They were subjected to tests of core stability, which included static core stability tests (Bliss test protocol) and dynamic core stability tests (isoinertial tests). Mean values are established and compared with international standardised values and endurance ratios. Low back pain was evaluated by Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire and severity graded by Japanese Orthopedics Association back pain evaluation questionnaire. The results are correlated to identify the relationship with low back pain. This pilot comparative study shows significant disparity between flexor and extensor score in comparison with international standards. The p value is <0.05 and predict a direct correlation to biomechanical error of lumbo-pelvic segment.
Correlation between endurance of deep cervical flexors and lower scapular stabilisers in computer users with chronic neck pain
Authors: Arora Deepti , Veqar Zubia
Published: July 2011

Chronic neck pain is becoming increasingly prevalent among computer users. Recent studies have identified impaired activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles, in people with chronic neck pain. According to Janda's hypothesis of muscle imbalance, deep cervical flexors and lower scapular stabilisers become inhibited in a predicted pattern (upper crossed syndrome). But the relationship between these muscle groups has not been investigated by a study so far. The study was aimed at investigating the correlation between endurance of deep cervical flexors and lower scapular stabilisers in computer users with chronic neck pain. Fifty computer users (22 males and 28 females) in the age group of 20–30 years participated in the study. The endurance of deep cervical flexors was measured using cranio cervical flexion test. Endurance of lower scapular stabilisers was measured using modified version of the grade 3 standard lower trapezius clinical muscle test position. The endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles correlated significantly with the endurance of lower scapular stabilisers of both the right (r=0.666, p≤0.001) and the left (r=0.662, p≤0.001) side. Results also showed that endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles correlated significantly with VAS scores (r = −0.444, p≤ 0.001) but it had no correlation with the duration of neck pain. There is a positive correlation between the endurance of deep cervical flexors and right and left lower scapular stabilisers in computer users with chronic neck pain.
Children's fundamental movement skills: are our children ready to play?
Authors: Cowley Vicki , Hamlin Michael J , Grimley Michael , Hargreaves Jill M , Price Christopher
Published: July 2011

Children's acquisition of fundamental movement skills is essential for children's participation and success in sport. As part of a larger physical activity study, we assessed 428 (183 baseline, 158 immediately after intervention, 87 after 5 years of intervention) five- to eight-year-old New Zealand children using Ulrich's (1985)Test of Gross Motor Development. This test assessed children's ability to perform the mature pattern of 12 skills: locomotor (run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, skip and slide), and object control skills (two-handed strike, stationary ball bounce, catch, kick and overarm throw). At baseline, only 4% of the children (4% boys, 5% girls) were able to perform all the locomotor skills in the mature form. The intervention significantly increased the proportion of children able to complete the mature form of these skills to 28% (boys 25%, girls 32%, p < 0.01), which remained relatively high at 31% after 5 years of intervention (22% boys, 40% girls). Similarly, at baseline, only 1% of children were able to complete the mature form of the object control skills. By the end of the intervention, 15% (20% boys, 5% girls) and 5 years later, 13% of children (20% boys, 5% girls) completed the mature form of these skills (p < 0.01). Unfortunately, the proportion of children able to perform the mature form of all skills (locomotor and object control) remains relatively low (1%, 6%, 7%, for baseline, immediately after and 5 years after intervention, respectively) and therefore the focus for teaching and coaching programmes remains the continued improvement of overall skills.
Comparison of isokinetic strength and H:Q ratio between ACL reconstructed athletes and non-injured athletes
Authors: Khosravi Ebrahim , Ghasemi Gholamali , Zolaktaf Vahid
Published: July 2011

Evaluation of muscle function can be helpful in rehabilitation programmes with knee injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare isokinetic strength and H:Q ratio between ACL reconstructed (injured group) and healthy (control group) athletes. Twelve elite athletes (6 handball, 6 soccer) with a unilateral ACL rupture who had received a hamstring tendon autografts ACL reconstruction (mean duration 21 months after ACL reconstruction) were matched by motor dominance (all ACL reconstructed knees were non-dominant limbs) and sport to 12 healthy elite athletes. Each subject was tested for concentric quadriceps and hamstring peak torque, the ratio of peak torque to body weight and reciprocal muscle group ratios on a Biodex System 3 Dynamometer at 60 and 180°/s. Analyses of variance were used for data analysis. There were no significant differences in peak torque to body weight ratios and H:Q ratios between the two groups and also between their legs in both speeds (p < 0.05). The ACL-reconstructed group had greater hamstring to quadriceps strength ratios in dominant and non-dominant limbs than those of the control group at both speeds but this difference was not significant. The reconstructed limbs of injured group had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) quadriceps peak torque than dominant limbs of non-injured group at 60°/s. There were no significant difference in peak torque between involved knee extensor and flexor and uninvolved knee of injured group at both speeds.
Effect of music therapy and meditation along with conventional physiotherapy management in sub-acute stroke patients
Authors: John Shaji , Khanna G L , Kotwal Priya
Published: July 2011

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the most common cause of disability in adults. The conventional approaches used for rehabilitation are Bobath, Brunstrom, Rood, etc and the physiotherapy measures that are often used include positioning, mat exercises, weight bearing, ice and pressure tapping. Music has been shown to enhance well-being, reduce pain, distract patients from unpleasant thoughts and symptoms and affect patients physiologically and psychologically. Meditation is a process of bringing about a state of self-awareness and inner calm and cause relaxation. These activities can improve self-esteem, happiness and day-to-day functioning in patients.

Study design

Pre- and postcontrol group design.

Sample

60 subjects (38 males, 22 females) aged 50–70 years were allotted to three groups randomly.

Method

The outcome measures included Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Berg Balance Scale, Barthel ADL Index and Fatigue Severity Scale. The three groups underwent training for a period of 6 weeks. In addition to conventional management, group A listened to film and classical songs and group B underwent a meditation protocol. Group C served as the control.

Results

Disability, balance, fatigue and depression improved in group A by 12 (p<0.05), 7.4 (p<0.05), 6.4 (p<0.05) and 5.6 (p<0.01), respectively and in group B, improved by 6 (p<0.05), 2.2 (p<0.05), 3.2 (p<0.05) and 5.2 (p<0.01), respectively.

Conclusion

Music therapy and meditation are more beneficial than conventional physiotherapy management alone and music therapy is found to be the better among them.
Efficacy of retrowalking on strength and balance in patients with hamstring strain
Authors: Alabdelwahab Sami S , John Shaji
Published: July 2011

Background

Hamstring muscle strain is one of the most common injuries in sports. Retrowalking on treadmill is a common tool for lower extremity rehabilitation in the clinical settings. However, minimal clinical research has been conducted on the effectiveness of retrowalking on hamstring strain rehabilitation. Hypothesis: (1) Hamstring strain patients may show improved lower extremity strength and balance when trained with retrowalking. (2) The longer duration of retrowalking will show significant improvement as compared to shorter duration training.

Study design

Randomised control trial.

Methodology

45 subjects all with hamstring strain were prospectively included in the study, all subjects were examined clinically for hamstring injury, and they were randomly assigned into three groups (groups A, B and C) of 15 subjects each. All the subjects were tested for strength and balance (static and dynamic) prior to and after the training. The hamstring muscle of all the participants in all the three groups were treated with moist heat and followed by passive stretching. Groups A and B also received 20 and 10 min of retrowalking, respectively. The total duration of the study was 3 weeks; all the treatments were administered four times a week for a total of 12 sessions, all the outcomes were measured pre-treatment at baseline and post-treatment after 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks.

Results

The change in the determinants of quadriceps and ankle plantar flexors strength was significantly greater in the group which performed retrowalking for 20 min. Balance improved significantly in all groups except control group, but the most significant changes were seen in group A.

Conclusions

The result of this study suggests that the lower extremity strength and balance were improved with retrowalking and the longer duration of training led to most significant improvement.

Clinical relevance

The retrowalking can be incorporated as a safe method of lower extremity rehabilitation in hamstring strain patients.