bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Venous thromboembolism After Knee Arthroscopy: Incidence, Risk Factors, Prophylaxis, and Management
Authors: Wollenman Colby C. , Cox Charles L. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. , Wright Rick W.
Published: July 2024

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, is one of the most common complications after knee arthroscopy. Sequelae of VTE include VTE recurrence, postthrombotic syndrome, and potential for loss of limb or life. Given the increasing volume of knee arthroscopy procedures worldwide and the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with VTE, it is important to prevent, diagnose, and treat VTEs efficiently and effectively. Risk factors such as history of VTE, family history of VTE, genetic coagulopathy, oral contraceptive use, cancer history, and old age increase the risk of postoperative VTE and warrant consideration of prophylaxis. Diagnosis and treatment should be initiated rapidly in the setting of concerning symptoms and positive imaging diagnosis, respectively. The purpose of this review was to provide a framework to individualized VTE risk, weigh prophylaxis options, expedite diagnostic pathways, and implement outpatient treatment algorithms.
The Troubling Rise of Scurvy: A Review and National Analysis of Incidence, Associated Risk Factors, and Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Reikersdorfer Kristen N. , Singh Aaron , Young Jason D. , Batty Miles B. , Steele Amy E. , Yuen Leslie C. , Momtaz David A. , Weissert Joleen N. , Liu David S. , Hogue Grant D.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

In the era of modern medicine, scurvy has been thought of as a rare disease of ancient times because of improved emphasis on diet and nutrition; however, isolated case reports are plentiful. This investigation presents a comprehensive review of scurvy, including an analysis on its rising incidence, with specific focus on its orthopaedic manifestations and commonly associated diagnoses.

Methods:

This comprehensive review includes a retrospective analysis of 19,413,465 pediatric patients in the National Inpatient Sample database from 2016 through 2020. Patients with scurvy were identified by the ICD-10 code, and an estimated incidence of scurvy in the inpatient pediatric population was calculated. Concurrent diagnoses, musculoskeletal reports, and demographic variables were collected from patient records. Comparisons were made using analysis of variance or chi-square with Kendall tau, where appropriate.

Results:

The incidence of scurvy increased over the study period, from 8.2 per 100,000 in 2016 to 26.7 per 100,000 in 2020. Patients with scurvy were more likely to be younger (P < 0.001), male (P = 0.010), in the lowest income quartile (P = 0.013), and obese (P < 0.001). A majority (64.2%) had a concomitant diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Common presenting musculoskeletal reports included difficulty walking, knee pain, and lower limb deformity. Burden of disease of scurvy was markedly greater than that of the average inpatient population, with these patients experiencing greater total charges and longer hospital stays.

Conclusion:

Clinicians should be aware of the increasing incidence of scurvy in modern medicine. In cases of vague musculoskeletal reports without clear etiology, a diagnosis of scurvy should be considered, particularly if risk factors are present.

Trial registration number:

NA.
Efektivitas Pembelajaran Kelas Digital pada Mata Pelajaran Teknlogi Informasi dan Komunikasi Kelas VII SMP Negeri Payakumbuh
Authors: Amalia Zikra , Yusri Meldi Ade Kurnia , Syafril Syafril , Rahmayanti Elsa
Published: July 2024

Digital classes students follow learning by listening to the teacher's briefing that enters the class, using various needs for learning such as LKS, textbooks, and other media. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of digital classroom learning in the subject of Information and Communication Technology in grade VII of SMP Negeri Payakumbuh. The type of research is quantitative research with a sample of 38 where in this quantitative research uses many numbers. The research method used is a quasi experiment. Data collection is carried out through tests, and data analysis is carried out using t-tests. The results of the study showed that the average score obtained in ICT subjects using google classroom on student learning outcomes was higher than the average score in the control class that used paper sheets. Thus, the t-count is smaller than the t-table, which can be interpreted that there is a significant effectiveness on student learning outcomes between classes that use google classroom in digital classrooms.
Attitude of Community Members towards the Capacity of the Village Land Councils in managing land use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Tanzania: A cross sectional Case study Analysis.
Authors: Homera Juma Zuberi , Mollel Henry
Published: July 2024

Village Land Councils have been established to resolve land use conflicts in rural Tanzania. The history reveals that Tanzania has been mostly affected with the endless land based conflicts between farmers and pastoralists.The presence of VLCs in rural Tanzania has brought significant changes in rural areas where farmers and pastoralists compete to utilize and possess scarce resources. However, rural dwellers have different opinions on the worthness of the respective local organs in resolving land use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. This study therefore intended to explore attitudes from the community members towards the capacity of the Village Land Councils in managing land use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. Sem-structured interviews were used to collect data where semantic differential scale was used as the appropriate tool for exploring attitudes from the respondents particularly: farmers and pastoralists who mostly rely on VLCs for mediation services. NVivo software was used for analyzing such data. The results indicated that majority of respondents (farmers and pastoralists) in Mbarali and Kilosa District Councils had positive attitude towards VLCs due to their performance in resolving land use conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. Similar response was obtained from the farmers operating in Tunduru District Council. However, some pastoralists in Tunduru District Councils had remained skeptical on the capacity of the VLCs to resolve conflicts and create conducive working environment for both conflicting parties. Their doubts relied on injustice practices such as corruption, nepotism and tribalism that were directly associated with VLC members. Based on the findings, the study suggests for more capacity building programs for enhancing the capacity of VLC members to act firmly and objectively and for the community members so that they develop a sense of responsibilities in supporting the VLCs’ operations for the common good.
Foliar Supplementation of Boron Enhances the Performance of Inbred and Hybrid Boro Rice Varieties
Authors: Rashid Md , Akter Most , Yeasmin Sabina , Sadia Halima , Onna Kazi , Nayan Md , Ahmed Riad
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University during November 2021 to April 2022 to investigate the effects of foliar supplementation of 0.1% aqueous solution of boron (B) to inbred and hybrid boro rice varieties. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) with two factors, viz. variety (inbred ‘BRRI dhna29’ and hybrid ‘Lal Teer’), and foliar B supplementation in addition to the recommended basal dose (6 kg ha-1 boric acid) which was applied during the final land preparation. The later factor had four levels, viz. (i) no additional B supplementation (B1), foliar supplementation of B (ii) at tillering stage (B2), (iii) at panicle initiation stage (B3), and (iv) at both tillering and panicle initiation stages (B4). The experiment was replicated four times. The results revealed that hybrid (Lal Teer) variety outperformed the inbred variety (BRRI dhna29) in all yield related parameters, and grain and straw yields. All plant characters, yield contributing characters and yields were significantly affected by B supplementation. Although there were yield differences between inbred and hybrid cultivars, their response patterns to foliar supplementation of B were similar. In both varieties, the highest grain yield was recorded when the crops received foliar doses of B twice (tillering and panicle initiation stages) in addition to the recommended basal B fertilizer. However, a single foliar application of B at the tillering stage produced statistically similar results as two foliar applications. The control treatment (no boron application) produced the lowest grain yield and performed poorly in terms of both plant characters and yield related traits. Therefore, a single foliar application of B during tillering stage is recommended for both inbred and hybrid varieties.
Surgical Treatment of the Bony Mallet Injuries with Augmented Extension Block Technique: Clinical Outcomes of a New Modification
Authors: Ozler Turhan , Kocadal Onur , Eren Olcay , Celik Behic , Meric Gokhan
Published: July 2024

Surgical Treatment of The Bony Mallet Deformity with Augmented Extension Block Technique: Clinical Outcomes of a New Modification

Introduction: Mallet finger deformity is a common pathology and the ‘Extension Block Technique’, is one of the most popular surgical techniques for the treatment of this condition. However, several complications may occur with this method such as fixation failure, compression failure of the dorsal part and loss of reduction. In the current study, it is aimed to report the result of our modification which is augmented extension block technique.
Materials & Method: The medical records of patients, who were operated with the diagnosis of bony mallet finger between 2015 and 2021, were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, mechanism of trauma, duration of operation, time from injury to surgery, follow-up period, implant removal time, and postoperative complications were collected from hospital records. Patients aged between 18 - 65 years who had been operated with augmented extension block technique with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months were included in the study. A total of 10 patients who met these criteria constituted the study group. Radiological evaluation of the cases was performed with anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. Range of motion and presence of pain were questioned and these data were evaluated according to Crawford criteria.
Results: The mean age of the all patients was 40.2 ± 10.9 (range, 24-56) years. The mean follow-up period was 39.6 ± 26.7 (range, 13-76) months. Complete union was achieved in all patients on the final follow-up radiographs. According to Crawford evaluation criteria, the results were ‘excellent’ in six of the patients and ‘good’ in four of them. There were no patients with loss of flexion however, 5° extension loss was observed in four of the subjects.
Discussion: This study demonstrates that the augmented extension block technique is a suitable option for the surgical treatment of bony mallet cases with lower complication rate and successful functional results. This modification can be considered as an alternative option for traditional extension block technique which avoids some related complications as postoperative reduction loss, rotational instability and extension loss.

Keywords: Mallet finger, Bony mallet, Extension Block
PARALLEL BUCKET-SORT ALGORITHM ON OPTICAL CHAINED-CUBIC TREE INTERCONNECTION NETWORK
Authors: Mahafzah Basel
Published: July 2024

The performance of sorting algorithms has a great impact on many computationally intensive applications. Researchers worked on parallelizing many sorting algorithms on various interconnection networks to improve their sequential counterpart performance. One of these interconnection networks is the optical chained-cubic tree (OCCT). In this paper, a parallel bucket sort (PBS) algorithm is presented and applied to the OCCT interconnection network. This PBS algorithm is evaluated analytically and by simulation in terms of various performance metrics including parallel runtime, computation time, communication time, concatenation time, speedup, and efficiency, for a different number of processors, dataset sizes, and data distributions including random and descending. Simulation results show that the highest obtained speedup is approximately 912x on OCCT using 1020 processors, which means the parallel runtime of the PBS on 1020 processors is 912 times faster than the sequential runtime of BS on a single processor.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ONE-WAY ABRASIVE FLOW MACHINING ON HOT WORK STEEL
Authors: Maneepen Theerapong ,   Program in Engineering and Technology Management, Faculty of Engineering,
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, 10120 Thailand, Srisattayakul Parinya ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, 10120 Thailand
Published: July 2024

Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is a process where a semi-solid abrasive-laden media is forced to flow through the internal passages of a workpiece under pressure. In high-resolution work, increased accuracy and faster smooth surface polishing work with the developed motorized AFM prototype. This research presents the effect of the clearance of specimen tools for surface roughness (Ra) of SKD 61 (AISI H13) hot work steel related to AFM. This research experimented with half-spherical specimens. AFM experiments are performed to identify the improved surface roughness when applied to the polishing specimens. Specimens were prepared by being turned, hardened, and polished with sandpaper from number P180 to P1200 and measured with an original value of Ra compared with the final value of Ra at the end of the process. The experimental prototype uses a unidirectional motor drive system different from previously developed machines. The process parameters are as follows: a pressure (p) of 1, 2, and 3 bar, cycle time (t) of 10, 15, and 20 min., an abrasive particle size (Al2O3) of 5.0 μm in Silicon Oil (50 % concentration by weight), hardness of specimens 45±2 HRC, etc. The experimental results show that under these conditions, the average surface roughness of specimens was decreased from an original value of Ra 0.057 to 0.042 μm. The greatest response surface (RSM) was obtained at a pressure of 3 bar and a time of 20 minutes. The result allows for better precision control and further development in industrial applications.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE LA ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL Y GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA: COOPERATIVA ZENÓN LÓPEZ GONZÁLEZ
Authors: Rosas-Mancilla María E. , Durán-Méndez Jorge A. , Almeraya-Quintero Silvia X. , Guajardo- Hernández Lenin G. , Pérez-Hernández Luz M.
Published: July 2024

La cooperativa Zenón López González S.C. de A.P. de R.L. de C.V., se ubica en San Miguel Coatlinchán, en el Municipio de Texcoco Estado de México, que opera como institución financiera desde 1962
Jabón natural: ecotecnia para uso doméstico
Authors: Ralís Juárez Karla Anilú , Moreno Gonzalez Denisse , Hernández Sánchez María de la Luz , Hernández Arzaba Juan Cristóbal , Cabrera Núñez Amalia , Allende Molar Raul , Montero Solís Flor María
Published: July 2024

Las ecotecnias como tecnología son prometedoras para el desarrolo económico sustentable y reducir la contaminación
Composición proximal y preferencia de consumidores de tortillas artesanales de las Altas Montañas del Estado de Veracruz
Authors: Ramítrez Rivera Emmanuel de Jesús , Hernández-Salinas Gregorio , Armida-Lozano Jorge , Guerrero-Ortiz Cristal A. , Valdivia-Sánchez Jasiel , Llaguno-Aguiñaga Alejandro , Sánchez-Orea José M. , Herrera-Corredor José A. , Ramón-Canul Lorena G. , Juárez-Barrientos José M. , Cabal-Prieto Adán
Published: July 2024

En México, aun se elabora la tortilla artesanal que está relacionada con la identidad mexicana y es patrimonio cultural. El consumo per cápita de tortillas es de 79.5 kg en las zonas rurales y 56.7 kg en las urbanas. En las Altas Montañas del Estado de Veracruz, localidades como Tequila, Tehuipango, Tezonapa y Xoxocotla se dedican a la producción de distintas razas de maíz, empleadas en la elaboración de tortilla artesanal. Estas tortillas se destinan al autoconsumo como a la venta en mercados locales. Estas tortillas artesanales carecen de estudios sensometricos que identifiquen sus atributos sensoriales mas relevantes. Sin embargo, se ha observado que la interacción entre la experiencia en situaciones políticas y económicas, la familiaridad con el alimento y la dependencia de la tecnología también podrían influir en la percepción y aceptación de los consumidores de tortillas. En este sentido, la teoría generacional ha permitido analizar al consumidor basándose en factores como experiencias, actitudes y creencias, los cuales determinan su comportamiento en la elección de compra. Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la percepción de consumidores de diferentes generaciones para la caracterizacion sensometrica de tortillas artesanales producidas en las Altas Montañas del Estado de Veracruz
Alojamiento de bovinos de engorda asociado al bienestar animal.
Authors: Oropeza-Mariano Enrique , Vera-Herrera Itzel Y. , Jerónimo-Romero Yamileth , Ortega-Cerrilla María E.
Published: July 2024

La alta demanda de carne para la alimentación de la población, exige la apertura de nuevos instalaciones y sistemas que aseguren el aprovechamiento del potencial genético del ganado
Tendencias de la supervisión por cromatografía liquida basada en inteligencia artificial
Authors: Tinoco-Diaz Aramis de Jesús , Martínez-Sibaja Albino , Rodríguez-Jarquín José Pastor , Bello-Ramírez Angélica Mara , Posada-Gómez Rubén
Published: July 2024

El 60% de los productos lácteos elaborados en la región de Orizaba, Veracruz, México, son adquiridos por restaurantes asociados a la cámara nacional de la industria restaurantera y de alimentos condimentados (CANIRAC)
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КАЧЕСТВА ПРОГРАММНОГО ПРОДУКТА НА ОСНОВЕ ТЕОРИИ ГРАФОВ
Authors: ОРМОНОВА Э.М.
Published: July 2024

В данной статье предметом исследования является компьютерная программа, а именно язык программирования Pascal ABC. Поставлена цель определения качества программного продукта с использованием теории графов, составления дифференциальных уравнений А.Н. Колмогорова для теории графа и решение этих уравнений с помощью квадратной матрицы. В работе для определения качества программного продукта используется теории графов и цепи Маркова. Надежность программы определено с использованием ориентированного графа, система алгебраических уравнений решена с использованием квадратной матрицы. Создана математическая модель и получена система дифференциальных уравнений Колмогорова для исследуемого, ориентированного графа, разработаны способы оценки качества програмного средства методами теории графов и цепи Маркова. Особенностью этой статьи является составление графа для компьютерных программ. Предложены модели вероятностной оценки качества компьютерных программ с помощью уравнений Колмогорова, составленные на основе ориентированного графа.
Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Sustainable Development Goals in India
Authors: Muchokore Florine , Kaur Dr. Gurpreet
Published: July 2024

In the pursuit of sustainable development, the fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) with legal mechanisms emerges as a potent force for transformative change. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between AI technologies and the legal framework, elucidating their collective capacity to address multifaceted challenges and propel progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At the forefront of environmental stewardship, AI-driven solutions offer unprecedented capabilities in pollution monitoring, waste management, and climate change adaptation. From predictive analytics for air quality assessment to real-time monitoring of deforestation patterns, AI empowers stakeholders with actionable insights to mitigate environmental degradation and foster resilience. Simultaneously, AI applications hold promise in addressing socio-economic inequities through innovative approaches to poverty alleviation, financial inclusion, and inclusive growth strategies. By leveraging predictive modelling and data analytics, AI facilitates targeted interventions tailored to the unique needs of marginalized communities, thereby fostering sustainable development trajectories. However, the ethical and regulatory dimensions of AI deployment necessitate careful consideration within the legal framework. Ensuring data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and equitable access emerges as imperatives in harnessing the full potential of AI for societal benefit. Through the formulation of robust regulatory frameworks and ethical guidelines, the legal system plays a pivotal role in safeguarding against potential risks and maximizing the societal dividends of AI innovation. Moreover, interdisciplinary collaboration and stakeholder engagement are paramount in navigating the evolving landscape of AI governance, fostering dialogue, and consensus-building among diverse stakeholders. Thus, this paper advocates for a holistic approach to sustainable development, synergizing the transformative potential of AI with the protective mechanisms of the legal system. By fostering innovation, inclusivity, and accountability, this symbiotic relationship serves as a catalyst for advancing the global agenda towards a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable future. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change Adaptation, Deforestation, Education, Healthcare, Legal System, Pollution, Poverty, Sustainable Development Goals, Water and Waste Management.
The Influence Of Service Quality And Trust On The Acceptors Loyalty Of Through Consumer Satisfaction As A Mediation Variable In The National Population And Family Planning Board (Bkkbn) Tanggamus District
Authors: Aulia M. Khoirul , Bangsawan Satria , Pandjaitan Dorroty RH
Published: July 2024

Acceptor Loyaltyin research This as variable dependent , whether loyalty consumer after quality services provided by the district BKKBN Tanggamus give impact positive to BKKBN 's performance own research carried out For know service quality, consumer trustin a way Partial influential direct to Acceptor Loyalty, service qualityand consumer trustin a way Partial influential to variable mediation ie satisfaction customers , loyalty consumers , service qualityand trust consumers who are mediated by satisfaction consumer in a way Partial mediate or in a way No direct to Acceptor Loyalty. Research carried out use method perposive random sampling with amount sample of 220 respondents with SEM method using tool analysis namely Amos. Findings empirical results obtained is Service qualityinfluential positive and significant to Acceptor Loyaltyat Regency BKKBN Tanggamus . Consumer trustInfluential positive and significant to Acceptor Loyalty. Service qualityinfluential positive and significant to satisfaction consumer Consumer trustinfluential positive and n significant to papacy customer . Satisfaction consumer influential positive and significant to Acceptor Loyalty. Service qualityinfluential positive and significant to Acceptor Loyaltythrough satisfaction consumer as variable mediation Consumer trustInfluential positive and significant to Acceptor Loyaltythrough satisfaction consumer as variable mediation.
The Structure of Students’ Mathematical Errors in Solving Calculus Problems Based on Cognitive Style
Authors: Abdullah In Hi. , Suharna Hery , Ruhama Mustafa AH.
Published: July 2024

The understanding mathematical concept is an error that often occurs in classroom learning among students when solving mathematical problems. The most difficult part for students is solving problems, because it requires numeracy skills, high concept mastery, as well as the ability to use good language, and so on so that students don’t make any more mistakes when working on math problems. Student errors in solving mathematics problems are (1) errors in connecting concepts, (2) errors in operations and (3) errors in constructing concepts. The problem is what is the structure of students’ mathematical misconceptions in solving mathematical problems based on cognitive style. The method in this research, namely an exploratory descriptive approach, aims to determine the structure of students’ errors based on cognitive style in solving mathematical problems. Analysis of research data, namely: (1) Data reduction, (2) Data exposure, (3) data triangulation and (4) drawing conclusions. The cognitive styles referred to are field dependent and independent. The conclusions are (1) the structure of conceptual errors with an applied field dependent cognitive style begins with disequilibrating, then solving by linking applicable concepts, and (2) the structure of conceptual errors with a field independent cognitive style begins with disequilibrating, then solving using analyse.
A Cohort Study to Evaluate the Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Admitted to A Nutritional Rehabilitation Centre in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Central Gujarat, India
Authors: Panchal Foram , Parmar Rahul , Shringarpure Kalpita , Damor Jivraj
Published: July 2024

Background: Undernutrition is one of the most concerning health and development issues in India as well as in the world. Nutritional rehabilitation centres (NRC) were started by Government of India to control severe acute malnutrition. The aim is to assess the effect of nutrition interventional measures for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) children admitted at NRC through selected anthropometric indicators.
Methodology: A hospital-based prospective cohort study was conducted at NRC of SSG Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat from April to September 2022, all children of 6-60 months of age admitted during this period were observed during their stay with three follow-ups after discharge at 15 days interval. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was analysed using Medcalc Software.
Results: A total of 76 children were analysed for anthropometric indicators. A statistically significant difference was obtained between the weight of children at admission, discharge and 3 follow-ups (ANOVA=141, p<0.001); difference of mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) (ANOVA=84.2, p<0.001) and difference of height (ANOVA=43.3. p<0.001) at admission, discharge and follow-up were also statistically significant.
Conclusions: NRCs have had a positive impact on the selected anthropometric indicators of severe malnourished children but lag behind proper follow-up visits.
Posibile implicații ale fenomenului de degradare a conceptului de „adevăr” în era digitală asupra domeniului securității și apărării
Authors: Vasilescu Cezar ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare, Codreanu Aura ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare
Published: July 2024

In today’s interconnected world, the phenomenon of truth decay has become a significant social concern. Truth decay refers to the gradual erosion of the concept of truth and the gradual decrease of respect for objective facts, evidence and experts’ opinions, based on specialized knowledge. Facilitated by the rapid advancement of technology and the rise of social media platforms, this phenomenon has profound implications for social processes and interactions, public discourse and overall trust within modern democratic societies. This article explores the causes and consequences of truth degradation in modern society (as a broader societal phenomenon) and examines its implications for security and defence. It also explores the ways in which the truth decay can be maliciously exploited in the context of hybrid warfare, as a tool for manipulating public opinion, spreading confusion and undermining societal cohesion, and highlights the importance of addressing this issue.
Complexitate, viziune și posibile evoluții în contextul securitar din Zona Extinsă a Mării Negre
Authors: Stoica Ionela-Laura ,   Ministerul Apărării Naționale
Published: July 2024

The present article is based on the hypothesis that Russian destructiveness is not only manifested through military aggression and does not have effects only on the imbalance zones created by the Russian Federation, in order to fulfil the strategic objectives in the Wider Black Sea Area.
Being the most contested by the great global powers, since the Cold War period, when the space was divided between the military blocs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact, the Wider Black Sea Area currently has a role of strategic importance regarding the reconfiguration of power poles at global level, being the point of intersection of the geopolitical and economic interests of South-Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Asia and the Caucasus, a space with considerable natural resources and an energy transit area with a major impact on European countries.
Securitatea „figitală” – o fuziune de efecte emergente din spațiul fizic și cel cyber-digital – un apel pentru o nouă teorie a securității cibernetice pentru societăți digitale –
Authors: Mândraș Paul ,   Centrul Euro-Atlantic pentru Reziliență, Vasilescu Cezar ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare
Published: July 2024

As technology continues to advance rapidly, it is crucial for society’s key stakeholders – policymakers, governmental organizations, business professionals, researchers, academics, and non-governmental organizations – to provide in-depth specialized awareness regarding security-related issues. To effectively address the impact of digitalization and develop tailored public policies, stakeholders must first fully comprehend novel technological challenges and the “Phygital” space. Nations need to recognize that this digital process involves society as a whole. As the digital evolution and revolution continue to expand, it has become synonymous with economic proficiency and digital disruption. The technological advancements and the emergence of disruptive technologies and digital ecosystems, like social media, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, Metaverse etc. present opportunities and challenges unlike any we have faced before in human history. Given these circumstances, it is important to reconsider whether cybersecurity fully encompasses digital changes and disruptions or if further research on “Phygital” security is necessary.
Riscurile la adresa păcii și securității Germaniei generate de mișcarea Reichsbürger sau „cetăţenii Reichului” pe fondul convingerilor politice și religioase
Authors:   Academia Națională de Informații „Mihai Viteazul”, Dinulescu Iulian
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the extreme right in Germany has expanded, the phenomenon gaining momentum. The far-right groups and organisations in Germany were, are and will be dominated by an ideology that amalgamates religious or non-religious ideas but that defends German culture and spirituality according to its visions and objectives. Adherents of far-right ideology combine these ideas with conspiracy theories, and on such a background, some of them change their attitude towards society and become violent. For example, right-wing extremists attacked the Parliament, the symbol of democracy, for the first time in Germany, namely on 29 August 2020, and later on 6 January 2021, protesters, including right-wing extremists, attacked the Congress of the United States of America. One of the organisations, such as the Reichsbürger Movement, which means Citizens of the Reich, who reject the current borders of Germany and want the return to those established in 1871, set up cells and planned activities recently catalogued as terrorists by German prosecutors, in December 2022 and May 2023. For the Citizens of the Reich, there is no Federal Republic of Germany because this country is part of a conspiracy and part of a satanic state system, and they recognise only Imperial Germany. According to the religious beliefs of some of them, the imperial constitution was received from God and must be respected, and they are in an apocalyptic battle between good and evil. The model invoked by some of them is that of Jesus Christ who changed society, erroneously invoking biblical precepts to bolster their claims.
Angajarea țintei. Evoluție în timp
Authors: Chakalov Radoslav ,   Colegiul Național de Apărare Rakovski, Bulgaria, Andonov Andon ,   Colegiul Național de Apărare Rakovski, Bulgaria
Published: July 2024

Joint targeting is the result of the need to translate the joint force commander’s (JFC) plan into tactical actions. Joint targeting involves the process of selecting and prioritizing targets (classified in NATO as Facility, Individual, Virtual Entity, Equipment, or Organization – FIVE-O), and determining the appropriate means to influence them, taking into account operational requirements and available capabilities, to produce desired effects consistent with the objectives of the operation. It links tactical actions to the strategic desired end state through operational objectives by influencing prioritized impact objectives. Its practical application began in the early 20th century, the First and the Second World Wars (Japanese Theatre), in the conflict between North Korea and the United States, the Vietnam War, being used during Operation Desert Storm, the Kosovo Conflict, the Iraq War, and continuing to be applied in modern warfare.
Războiul cognitiv – dincolo de manevre, dominație și informații. O confruntare pentru viitorul imaginat
Authors: Pripoae-Șerbănescu Ciprian ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

This theoretical paper explores the nascent concept of cognitive warfare in the context of persistently low-intensity forms of confrontation and of an increasingly rich environment in technologies that provide greater opportunities for influence operations. As the hybridity of conflicts has become prevalent, it is of special interest to investigate the relevance of the cognitive warfare concept (CW) in shaping the informational-psychological threats posed by hostile entities. By analysing the current features of CW as presented by various sources, this article aims to contribute to the conceptual development of this notion. The great diversity of definitions suggests a challenge in delineating what is CW, thus the author argues for a threshold between what is a mere, benign influence and what stands as a threat/attack in the cognitive realm, by using a novel approach to cognitive security. Consequently, we will underline what we consider the limits of the current understanding of CW, as presented in current public papers, and make suggestions for a more refined model to think about cognitive warfare based on active inference theory. In conclusion, we will indicate the risks associated with the use of the concept information, and the necessity to integrate CW and cognitive security in a longue durée perspective, one that acknowledges current societal and cultural transformations.
O evaluare a manifestărilor climatice extreme din Europa de Sud în anul 2023
Authors: Milea Virginia-Maria ,   Academia Forţelor Aeriene „Henri Coandă”
Published: July 2024

According to numerous reports, the year 2023 is considered the hottest year on record, as a series of natural disasters have struck especially in countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea.
These calamities, such as vegetation fires and floods like the recent ones in Greece, are not just a localised threat, but one that goes beyond the perimeter of countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, as these uncommon occurrences of nature are also being observed in other parts of the world. Considering that this sort of threat is highly unpredictable and requires specific measures, this paper aims to assess the effects of the recent natural disasters in Southern Europe and to identify measures taken by Greece to counter and mitigate the effects of the mentioned calamities
Aspecte ale activității Brigăzii 9 Mecanizată „Mărășești”, reflectată în mass-media românească
Authors: Scurtu Costin ,   Muzeul Militar Național „Regele Ferdinand I”
Published: July 2024

The 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești” is a mechanised infantry brigade belonging to the Romanian Land Forces. Its primary mission is to maintain stability and balance in the Black Sea region. The brigade operates in the Dobrogea province, which has an important geostrategic location in the area, serving as the NATO and EU border with the East. The brigade is the successor of the combat traditions of the Active Dobrogea Division, established on 1 November 1878. From 1902, it was known as the 9th Infantry Division, with its garrison located in Constanța. As part of the Romanian Army’s transformation strategy, the 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești” took control of all units in Dobrogea from the former 34th Mechanised Brigade. On 13 September 2023, in recognition of the professionalism and the role of the Dobrogean brigade, 58 representatives of the member states of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe visited the 9th Mechanised Brigade “Mărășești”. This visit aimed to promote mutual transparency and was organised according to the provisions of the 2011 Vienna Document, which aims to increase confidence and security in Europe. This article highlights significant aspects of the Brigade’s activity, in the context of the 145 years of its existence.
Liceul Militar „Regele Ferdinand I” din Chișinău – „uzină de energie națională” –
Authors: Xenofontov Ion Valer ,   Agenția pentru Știință și Memorie Militară, Facultatea de Istorie și Filosofie, Chișinău, Universitatea de Stat din Moldova
Published: July 2024

After the Union of Bessarabia with Romania (1918), the necessary premises were created for the connection of the education from the province to the national values. The subjects of study were taught in Romanian. In Chișinău, a military high school was set up to form the military and patriotic elite. Based on archival sources, memoirs, period press and literature, it will be presented the process of establishing this educational institution in the second city, by population, in greater Romania, as well as its evolution. Thus, in the historical context, the human resources (teachers, pupils) and the activity framework of “Ferdinand I” Military High School in Chișinău will be highlighted.
Reziliența, securitatea societală și aspectele intangibile ale războiului. Lecțiile învățate de Ucraina
Authors: Chifu Iulian ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”
Published: July 2024

Explaining the achievements on the ground during war times, in the full-scale, high-intensity and long-term war of aggression launched by Russia in Ukraine has led us to studying the conundrum formed by resilience, societal security and the intangibles of war. The layered resilience that NATO has embraced as concept is not enough. The difference between success and failure in the Russian war of aggression in Ukraine has come from the intangibles of the war, difficult to put under nominal indicators, but more suitable to be evaluated under qualitative criteria. That has made the difference between the effectiveness of both parties in war, together with Ukraine’s societal resilience that includes both the basic indicators of societal security and an important part of the intangibles of war. We are very much aware, at the same time, that numbers do matter, and that weapons, manpower and will to fight have no alternative to grant support for any long- term war.
Evoluția amenințărilor de securitate pentru România din perspectiva strategiilor militare: din 2007 până în 2023
Authors: Drăgan Iulia-Mihaela ,   Centrul de Prevenire a Conflictelor și Avertizare Timpurie
Published: July 2024

The evolution of the regional security environment determined the change of perspective in the elaboration of the military strategies regarding the threats faced by Romania. This retrospective analysis aims to highlight, on the one hand, the dynamics of the main threats to Romania as a result of the trends of the regional security environment, starting with the first military strategy after joining NATO until the present, and, on the other hand, to emphasise the imprint produced at the strategic level as a complementary document to the Romanian National Defence Strategy. Thus, the purpose of this research is to emphasise the amplification and complexity of threats over time as a result of the tightening of the security environment, a fact that highlights the current interdependence of threats and their transformation from autonomous elements into aspects that can no longer be analysed, in the present, in functional isolation. Likewise, the retrospective analysis also emphasises Romania’s role within the North Atlantic organisation, starting with the implementation of NATO strategic concepts within the national military strategies. If, at the beginning of 2007, Romania identified itself as a state concerned with aligning with NATO standards regarding the transformation processes of the Romanian Armed Forces, in 2016, Romania appeared as a credible state within the Alliance, and in the 2022 NATO Strategic Concept, Romania had a special strategic importance in the context of the war in Ukraine in the Black Sea region.
Amenințări hibride la Marea Neagră – identificarea vulnerabilităților geografice și economice ale spațiului maritim al României
Authors: Totir Valentin-Costinel ,   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, Chiorcea Ion ,   Academia Navală „Mircea cel Bătrân”
Published: July 2024

With no clear evidence of its origin, hybrid warfare is a worldwide phenomenon, its effects having worldwide reverberations. Characterised by a very high adaptability and flexibility of the methods and procedures used, as well as the continuous expansion of the target audience or the area of coverage, hybrid warfare is not a new concept in human history. Overshadowed
by the much higher degree of destruction and the very large number of human victims – specific to conventional war – unconventional actions – an integral part of hybrid war – often go unnoticed, but their effects are felt in all areas of human society existence. Today, the annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation are classic examples of hybrid warfare, characterised by true intentions concealment along with the fact that special operations forces experience and support allowed ethnic Russian communities to organise paramilitary groups with the aim of creating an ambiguous and
insecure environment on Ukraine’s territory. Furthermore, these events forced NATO leaders to identify and implement measures to limit and reduce Russian Federation possibilities to apply a similar strategy against the Black Sea or Baltic Sea member states. Analysing in detail the Russian hybrid actions major impact in the maritime environment, materialised both by the two parties’ state borders modification and the Russian Federation Exclusive Economic Zone expansion to the detriment of Ukraine, this paper aims to identify geographical and economic vulnerabilities in the Black Sea, the exploitation of which can result in the weakening of the south-eastern flank of the North Atlantic Alliance. Moreover, the present study’s results will represent the basis of a further analysis that will highlight the optimal measures for their reduction.
Conceptul A2/AD (Anti Access/Area Denial) – între teorie și practică
Authors: Chiorcea Ion ,   Academia Navală „Mircea cel Bătrân”
Published: July 2024

A continued deficit in NATO’s ability to provide permanent security wherever and whenever the allied states’ political interests demand may result in the Alliance failing to maintain internal cohesion and to deter potential geopolitical adversaries. This aspect, constantly hoped for and speculated by the Russian Federation, starting with the resumption of the offensive at the beginning of the 21st century, especially after the annexation of Crimea, has led to a proper dosage of the ingredients that laid the foundation of the A2/AD concept. Understanding the role A2/AD plays in Russia’s doctrinal thinking is as critical as allocating the resources to counter it. A full change in Russia’s strategy in this regard for the Black Sea region is very unlikely, especially after the interdiction capabilities have reached a satisfactory level of operationalization and remain the only ones that guarantee optimal control of the maritime area, thus making it possible to continue ground operations in Ukraine.
Evaluarea rezilienței economice în țările membre ale NATO din perspectiva conceptului de apărare comprehensivă
Authors: Constantinescu Maria ,   Departamentul Regional de Studii pentru Managementul Resurselor de Apărare
Published: July 2024

Economic resilience, considered in this paper as the ability to withstand and recover from economic shocks and disruptions, has become a linchpin of ensuring national security and stability. As demonstrated by conflicts such as the one in Ukraine, where economic sanctions were deployed to diminish an adversary’s capacity to sustain its war efforts, it has become evident that military power alone is insufficient in today’s complex security landscape. A comprehensive approach to defence must incorporate economic considerations, as the economic well-being of a nation is intrinsically linked to its overall security.
The main research objectives of this paper are to investigate the concept of economic resilience, from the perspective of the concept of comprehensive defence and the ways it is interconnected with other resilience domains, through the development of an economic resilience index outlining the relative economic resilience of the 29 European countries that are NATO members and to propose a methodology for identifying the main factors that influence the economic resilience from a comprehensive defence point of view.
Dincolo de cuvinte – analiza verbală a discursurilor personalităților politico-militare
Authors: Vârlan Manuela ,   Ministerul Apărării Naționale
Published: July 2024

Within the article, I intend to approach politicians’ speeches from the point of view of word analysis, in order to discover what lies beyond the apparent message. Often, the information space is assimilated to a battlefield where words, like projectiles, fly to all sides to reach their target. The analysis of political discourses complements and validates the distant assessment of political leaders’ personality traits. Thus, we can determine whether or not the generated language patterns reflect their decisions. The neurolinguistic studies show that grammatical choices are not made consciously, thus we can discover important information about the personality of a political person. Moreover, it can be validated or not by comparison if the author of the speech is the same as the one who promotes it. This method of verbal communication analysis complements the remote
psychological evaluation of political-military personalities on the ways in which they assume decisions.