bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling the Porosity of Starch Hydrogels with Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Beads
Authors: Koutloumpasis Athanasios , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Karakousi Marina , Karamitrou Christina , Mirouli Rali‐Fotini , Mpasinas Panagiotis , Sakka Eleni , Tzimtzimis Emmanouil , Tzetzis Dimitrios , Akritidou Despoina , Karageorgiou Vassilis
Published: March 2024

Starch is a natural, biodegradable polymer that can be used to prepare hydrogels with various applications in food, pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, etc. In this study, a method of preparation using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads to control the porosity of starch hydrogels is proposed. The hydrogels are crosslinked with trisodium trimetaphosphate and dried in a vacuum oven. Results show that increasing the amount of PMMA beads result in higher porosity hydrogels ranging from ≈35% for hydrogels where no PMMA beads are used to ≈88% for hydrogels where the mass ratio of PMMA beads to starch is 10:1. Higher porosity hydrogels have a higher equilibrium water content and swelling degree, but lower mechanical properties. All hydrogels have a low solubility (<≈5%) and a high gel fraction (>≈90%) percentage. Upon degradation in α‐amylase at 37 °C, low porosity hydrogels (prepare with 0:1 and 1:10 PMMA beads:starch) degrade within 30 min, while high porosity hydrogels (prepare with 1:1 and 10:1 PMMA beads:starch) degrade within 3 weeks. The release of a dye that is incorporated into the hydrogel walls follows similar kinetics. Therefore, the use of PMMA beads is an efficient method to control starch hydrogel's porosity and properties.
Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Resistant Starch III with Different Milling Methods
Authors: Wang Yunjie , Wang Xiaofeng , Wu Zhengzong , Zhao Haibo , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Kuidong , Yu Bin , Cui Bo
Published: March 2024

The preparation process of resistant starch III (RS3) has attracted widespread attention, but its milling method is often overlooked. This study examines two milling methods for RS3: shear milling (SM) and vibration milling (VM). Manual milling (MM) is used as a control. The particle size, morphology, crystallinity, gelatinization characteristics, and in vitro digestibility of milled RS3 are analyzed. The particle size of the VM‐samples ranged from 71.92 to 107.69 µm, which is lower than SM‐samples. Scanning electron microscopy shows that SM‐RS3 appears as pellets, while VM‐RS3 is mostly coarse flakes. From the results of RVA and DSC, VM destroys more starch than SM. The crystallization peak of VM‐samples disappears, and the retention of SM‐samples is well. The values of R 1047/1022 and R 995/1022 cm−1 indicate that the crystal order and double helix structure of RS3 are destroyed after multiple VM shocked compared with SM. In vitro digestion experiment, resistant starch content of SM‐samples is about 30%, while VM‐samples are much less than SM. These findings suggest that the choice of milling methods has a significant impact on the structure and physicochemical characteristics of RS3, and it is an important step in preparing RS3.
Ultrasound muscle assessment for sarcopenia detection in inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective study
Authors: Mulinacci Giacomo , Pirola Lorena , Gandola Davide , Ippolito Davide , Viganò Chiara , Laffusa Alice , Gallo Camilla , Invernizzi Pietro , Danese Silvio , Massironi Sara
Published: March 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impacts surgical and therapeutic outcomes; thus, effective diagnostic tools are needed to assess muscle mass and function in this population.

Methods

153 consecutive patients were included, 100 in the training cohort and 53 in the study cohort. Three superficial muscles (rectus femoris = RF, rectus abdominis = RA, and biceps brachii = BB) were selected for the detection of sarcopenia using muscle ultrasound (US). The training cohort consisted of consecutive patients with or without IBD and was used to evaluate the feasibility and inter‐ and intra‐observer variability of the US measurement. The study cohort consisted of only IBD patients and served to test US diagnostic accuracy. In the latter, muscle US, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure muscle parameters.

Results

Sarcopenia prevalence in IBD patients was 50%. Muscle US showed excellent inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability (ICC >0.95) and a good diagnostic accuracy in detecting sarcopenia compared to BIA with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of 80% and 85% for RA and BB thickness, respectively. Moreover, an Ultrasound Muscle Index (USMI) was defined as the sum of the RA, BB, and RF thickness divided by the square of the patient's height, resulting in an AUROC of 81%. Muscle thresholds for sarcopenia were detected, with RA and USMI values correlated with the highest positive (84.3%) and negative (99%) predictive values, respectively. Additionally, the agreement between the US and MRI measurements of RA was excellent (ICC 0.96).

Conclusions

The findings of this study emphasize the potential of muscle US as a reliable diagnostic tool for assessing sarcopenia in IBD patients. This research has significant implications for disease management in IBD patients and underscores the need for further investigations to validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Susan Mary White
Authors: Lingard Michelle
Published: March 2024

The backbone of the practice, Sue was a committed and dedicated vet, as well as a talented communicator who gained massive trust and respect from her loyal client base.
Ian McNab
Authors: Kerby Mike , Petheram Bill
Published: March 2024

A lifelong practitioner, he served BEVA and BVA on equine and large animal matters, especially welfare. As a director of Centaur Services, he was instrumental in the use of computerised systems from their outset.
Message from the President
Authors: Judson Anna
Published: March 2024

Anna Judson reflects on her recent visit to Crufts.
After a wealth of welfare experience I landed my dream job at The Donkey Sanctuary
Authors: Hockenhull Jo
Published: March 2024

From an early age Jo Hockenhull was acutely aware of the plight of equids and how animals' behaviour reveals a huge amount about their wellbeing, leading to a distinguished career in animal welfare research.
Sunlight sparks spectacular C(sp3)─H bond arylation: Rod shape ACC@MeF composite shines bright in 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction
Authors: Tiwari Mayank , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Singh Satyam , Singh Pooja , Shahin Rehana , Singh Omvir , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Pandey Suresh K. , Tiwary Dhanesh , Baeg Jin‐Ook
Published: March 2024

The solar light responsive selective C(sp3)─H bond activation by photocatalytic pathway using graphene platform as photocatalyst is a green and sustainable route to achieve value‐added chemicals on gram scale synthesis. Graphene has low activity due to fast recombination charges, band gap suitability problems, and inefficient solar light absorption ability. Therefore, activated carbon cloth‐based nitrogen‐rich phenolic resin was developed from melem and formaldehyde. The ACC@MeF light‐harvesting composite demonstrates outstanding light‐harvesting capability, leading to enhanced photocatalytic performance in C(sp3)─H bond formation, suitability of band gap, high molar extinction coefficient and high thermal stability. The development of metal‐free activated carbon cloth‐based melem formaldehyde resin for the solar light photocatalytic transformation of organic compounds is anticipated to have broad‐reaching applications.
Extracting and purifying polyphenols from coffee pulp (Coffee arabica L.) using aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: Le Phuong Hong , Nguyen Kien Trung , Pham Oanh Kieu Thi , Nguyen Viet
Published: March 2024

Coffee pulp, the major by‐product of the beverage industry, is considered as an environmental threat, but also possesses high amounts of bioactive compounds. The extraction of these compounds by using conventional methods and solvents usually accompanies impurities. Here, an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) was optimized to extract and purify polyphenols from coffee pulp. Key affecting factors include phase system composition (ethanol and ammonium sulfate), extraction time and temperature while the quality of product was evaluated based on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). The final optimized conditions were at 50 °C for 60 min using the ATPS of ethanol 37.7% (w/w) and ammonium sulfate 25% (w/w). TPC and AA at the optimal conditions were 434.63 ± 25.40 mg GAE/g dw and 622.71 ± 9.65 mg TE/g dw, respectively, which were higher than the results of the extract only used ethanol as the extraction solvent. The results showed that ATPS was a valuable method to extract and purify coffee bioactive compounds.
Study on the processing technology to clean Lao Cai's yellow phosphorus slag for building materials
Authors: Van Chien Nguyen , Nguyen Ta Thuy , Yen Dao Hai , Phuong Hoang Thi , Van Chuong Phan , Phong Nguyen Mai
Published: March 2024

Slag is produced in large quantities during the manufacturing of yellow phosphorus in the Tang Loong Industrial Zone (Lao Cai province, Vietnam). It is required to clean them before using them as building materials. The research findings on cleaning yellow phosphorus slag in water with slaked lime or quicklime as aiding agents are presented in this article. According to experimental findings, the typical water consumption is between 4 and 6 m3 per ton of slag, or 160 g of 20% Ca(OH)2 or 25 g of CaO per 300 L of water. It is simple to reuse the water after rinsing the slag. The processed yellow phosphorus slag's elemental composition data reveal that Ca(SiO2)O, which has a pseudo‐wollastonite structure, is the product's primary constituent. Although P and F are still present, they are mainly in the stable glass phase of Ca(SiO2)O, and there are not many impurities. The treated yellow phosphorus slag can be used in large quantities for building materials due to its safe radioactivity index (I) < 1.
Study on plasticizing PLA using natural plasticizers available in Vietnam as a matrix resin for biodegradable PLA/cellulose composites
Authors: Yen Dao Hai , Phuong Hoang Thi , Van Chien Nguyen , Phuong Doan Ha , Nguyen Ta Thuy
Published: March 2024

The study's objective was to evaluate the role of epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) in the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA/cellulose composite materials. This study selects EVOs derived from commonly used vegetable oils in Vietnam, namely soybean oil, Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei oil, and linseed oil, as potential plasticizer agents for PLA. In this study, PLA and composite samples will be prepared using the melting method on a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The evaluation of plastic efficiency in PLA is carried out through the XRD, physical properties, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). The results show that the effective usage of EVOs agent was demonstrated by a decrease in PLA's Tg values. In particular, the Tg values of PLA‐ESBO, PLA‐ELO, and PLA‐ECCO were 54.8 °C, 52.3 °C, and 51.4 °C, respectively, as compared to the Tg value of PLA at 58.8 °C. In the XRD spectrum, the EVOs change the crystallization structure of PLA. Specifically, the intensity peak at 2θ ≈ 14.6° is markedly reduced in the EVO‐containing sample, while a distinct and intense peak disturbance emerges at 2θ ≈ 16.6°. The utilization of EVOs has been observed to impact the mechanical characteristics of PLA, resulting in a decrease in the tensile strength and an increase in the elongation at break.
The deimplementation of laboratory testing in low‐risk patients as recommended by the American society of anesthesiologists: An ACS‐NSQIP longitudinal analysis
Authors: Stuart Christina M. , Bronsert Michael R. , Meguid Robert A. , Mott Nicole M. , Abrams Benjamin A. , Dyas Adam R. , Gleisner Ana L. , Colborn Kathryn L. , Henderson William G.
Published: March 2024

Background

In 2012, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) published guidelines recommending against routine preoperative laboratory testing for low‐risk patients to reduce unnecessary medical expenditures. The aim of this study was to assess the change in routine preoperative laboratory testing in low‐risk versus higher‐risk patients before and after release of these guidelines.

Methods

The ACS‐NSQIP database, 2005–2018, was separated into low‐risk versus higher‐risk patients based upon a previously published stratification. The guideline implementation date was defined as January 2013. Changes in preoperative laboratory testing over time were compared between low‐ and higher‐risk patients. A difference‐in‐differences model was applied. The primary outcome included any laboratory test obtained ≤90 days prior to surgery.

Results

Of 7,507,991 patients, 972,431 (13.0%) were defined as low‐risk and 6,535,560 (87.0%) higher‐risk. Use of any preoperative laboratory test declined in low‐risk patients from 66.5% before to 59.6% after guidelines, a 6.9 percentage point reduction, versus 93.0%–91.9% in higher‐risk patients, a 1.1 percentage point reduction (p < 0.0001, comparing percentage point reductions). After risk‐adjustment, the adjusted odds ratio for having any preoperative laboratory test after versus before the guidelines was 0.77 (95% CI 0.76–0.78) in low‐risk versus 0.93 (0.92–0.94) in higher‐risk patients. In low‐risk patients, lack of any preoperative testing was not associated with worse outcomes.

Conclusions

While a majority of low‐risk patients continue to receive preoperative laboratory testing not recommended by the ASA, there has been a decline after implementation of guidelines. Continued effort should be directed at the deimplementation of routine preoperative laboratory testing for low‐risk patients.
MATLAB Code Examples
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

State-space Model with One Binary Observation
Some Useful Statistical Results
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

The EM algorithms for state estimation that we consider in this book rely on basic concepts in statistics. In this chapter, we will review some results that will come in useful later on. Many of the concepts are introductory and only require a basic knowledge of probability and statistics. If you are already familiar with what is discussed here, feel free to skip ahead.
State-Space Model with One Binary Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

In this chapter, we will consider a state-space model where a single state variable $$x_{k}$$

x

k

gives rise to binary observations. We will see how the state and parameter estimation equations are derived for this case. However, prior to deriving any of the equations, we will first look at two example scenarios where the need for such a model arises.
State-Space Model with One Binary and One Continuous Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

In this chapter, we will consider the case where $$x_{k}$$

x

k

evolves with time following a slightly more complicated state equation and gives rise to both a binary observation $$n_{k}$$

n

k

and a continuous observation $$r_{k}$$

r

k

. Prior to looking into the equation derivations, however, as in the previous chapter, we will again first consider a few example scenarios where the need for such a model arises.
State-Space Model with One Binary, Two Continuous, and a Spiking-Type Observation
Authors: Wickramasuriya Dilranjan S. , Faghih Rose T.
Published: March 2024

Spiking-type observations are occasionally recorded in experiments. For instance, neural spiking activity may be recorded from a macaque monkey engaged in a learning experiment or an EKG signal may be recorded from a human subject in an experiment. In such instances, we can model the spiking-type variable using a conditional intensity function (CIF). The CIF is similar to the rate parameter in a Poisson distribution but is more general. With spiking-type observations, we usually assume that our state variable $$x_{k}$$

x

k

affects the rate of spiking through the CIF.
Einleitung
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara
Published: March 2024

Elternschaft ist ein zeit- und kostenintensives Projekt. Viele Menschen unterstützen ihre Kinder mit Geldgeschenken und Zahlungen auch nachdem diese volljährig geworden und damit zumindest im rechtlichen Sinn eigenständig sind. Daneben helfen erwachsene Kinder ihren Eltern bei Alltagsaufgaben, beschenken diese und leisten in manchen Fällen gar substantielle finanzielle Unterstützung.
Daten und Methoden
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara
Published: March 2024

Wie häufig erhalten Erwachsene in der Schweiz finanzielle Zuwendungen von ihren Eltern? Wie lässt sich erklären, dass einige mehr, andere aber weniger erhalten? Wie hängen finanzielle Transfers mit Ungleichheitsstrukturen zusammen? Diese Fragen wurden in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln theoretisch erörtert und sollen in den folgenden Kapiteln im Rahmen einer quantitativen, empirischen Analyse geprüft werden.
Kontexte von aktuellen Transfers
Authors: Bosshardt Tamara
Published: March 2024

Eine gute soziologische Erklärung beginnt mit der Beschreibung der Ausgangslage. Um zu erklären, warum es zum Austausch von Geld zwischen Familiengenerationen kommt, wird deshalb zunächst der Kontext genauer beleuchtet, in welchem der Austausch von finanziellen Transfers stattfindet. Damit folgt dieses erste empirische Kapitel der Logik der Situation.
Unraveling the role of Xist in X chromosome inactivation: insights from rabbit model and deletion analysis of exons and repeat A
Authors: Liang Mingming , Zhang Lichao , Lai Liangxue , Li Zhanjun
Published: March 2024

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a process that equalizes the expression of X-linked genes between males and females. It relies on Xist, continuously expressed in somatic cells during XCI maintenance. However, how Xist impacts XCI maintenance and its functional motifs remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of Xist, using rabbits as an ideal non-primate model. Homozygous knockout of exon 1, exon 6, and repeat A in female rabbits resulted in embryonic lethality. However, X∆ReAX females, with intact X chromosome expressing Xist, showed no abnormalities. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between females with homozygous knockout of exons 2–5 and wild-type rabbits, suggesting that exons 2, 3, 4, and 5 are less important for XCI. These findings provide evolutionary insights into Xist function.
Assessing differences in the mechanical behaviour of loose cork granulates from virgin and reproduction cork
Authors: González Adrados J. R. , Benito López J. , Dove C. A. , Sánchez-González M.
Published: March 2024

Virgin cork is a little-known, sustainable and relatively scarce raw material. However, its global output is expected to increase substantially as recent cork oak plantations are stripped for the first time. The work described here aimed to examine the factors underlying the mechanical properties of granulated cork, most particularly the type of cork (virgin or reproduction), and to develop a technique to deliver fast and accurate assessments of the effects of said factors. A batch of virgin cork was boiled, dried, ground and graded following standard granule classification procedures according to size and density. The resulting granulates were then compared with equivalent commercial-grade reproduction cork granulates. Physical variables (tapped density and moisture content) were measured and elastic recovery and Young’s modulus were used as proxies for mechanical properties. Image analysis was used to study the size, shape and colour of the cork particles. ANOVA results show significant effects of particle size, density class, type of cork and first and second order interactions between most variables. Density class clearly reached the highest level of significance, whereas the type of cork was less critical. A very strong correlation was found between granulates’ elastic recovery and their tapped density (R2 = 0.98; RMSE < 1%). Likewise, greyscale imaging revealed a good adjustment between tapped density and grey level (R2 = 0.84; RMSE = 24 g·l−1). The primary conclusion was that the differences between virgin and standard cork granulates are small and should have no effect on less demanding applications. Image analysis is likely to prove useful in further, more in-depth studies.
Young adults’ work-family life courses and mental health trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood: a TRAILS study
Authors: Machů Vendula , Arends Iris , Almansa Josué , Veldman Karin , Bültmann Ute
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Work-family life courses have been associated with mental health at various time points in life but little is known about how mental health develops during these work-family life courses. The aim of this study was to examine mental health trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood in women and men with different work-family life courses.

Methods

Data from 992 young adults participating in the 18-year follow-up TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS) were used. Work-family life courses from ages 18 to 28 years were previously constructed using sequence analysis. For each work-family life course, trajectories of internalising and externalising problems from ages 11 to 29 years were estimated using a multi-group random intercept growth model. Differences in mental health trajectories were examined across work-family life courses.

Results

For women, trajectories of internalising and externalising problems in young adulthood differed significantly between work-family life courses (p = 0.037 and p < 0.001, respectively). Women in the inactive work-family life course reported the highest scores of internalising and externalising problems during the entire young adulthood but the differences in mental health scores became most pronounced at age 29. Trajectories of internalising and externalising problems of men did not significantly differ between the work-family life courses.

Conclusion

Mental health trajectories differed between women depending on their work-family life course. In men, differences between work-family life courses were less pronounced. Future studies should examine which work-family events and transitions captured in work-family life courses are associated with subsequent mental health problems during longer follow-up.
Predicting mechanical failure of polycrystalline dual-phase nickel-based alloys by numerical homogenization using a phase field damage model
Authors: Huber Jakob , Vogler Jonas , Torgersen Jan , Werner Ewald
Published: March 2024

Brazing of nickel-based alloys plays a major role in the assembly of turbine components, e.g., abradable sealing systems. In a brazed joint of nickel-based alloys a composition of brittle and ductile phases can be formed if the brazing conditions are not ideal. This heterogeneous microstructure is a crucial challenge for predicting the damage behavior of a brazed joint. The initiation and evolution of microdamage inside of the brittle phase of a virtual dual-phase microstructure representing the material in a brazed joint is studied by means of numerical simulations. A phase field approach for brittle damage is employed on the microscale. The simulation approach is capable of depicting phenomena of microcracking like kinking and branching due to heterogeneous stress and strain fields on the microscale. No information regarding the initiation sites and pathways of microcracks is needed a priori. The reliability of calculating the effective critical energy quantities as a microstructure-based criterion for macroscopic damage is assessed. The effective critical strain energy density and the effective critical energy release rate are evaluated for single-phase microstructures, and the approach is transferred to dual-phase microstructures. The local critical strain energy density turns out to be better suited as a model input parameter on the microscale as well as for a microstructure-based prediction of macroscopic damage compared to a model employing the energy release rate. Regarding the uncertainty of the model prediction, using the effective critical energy release rate leads to a standard deviation which is five times larger than the standard deviation in the predicted effective critical strain energy density.
Partially concentrating standing waves for weakly coupled Schrödinger systems
Authors: Pellacci Benedetta , Pistoia Angela , Vaira Giusi , Verzini Gianmaria
Published: March 2024

We study the existence of standing waves for the following weakly coupled system of two Schrödinger equations "Equation missing"where $$V_1$$

V
1

and $$V_2$$

V
2

are radial potentials bounded from below. We address the case "Equation missing", $$m_2$$

m
2

constant, and prove the existence of a standing wave solution with both nontrivial components satisfying a prescribed asymptotic profile. In particular, the second component of such solution exhibits a concentrating behavior, while the first one keeps a quantum nature.
The expression of decision and learning variables in movement patterns related to decision actions
Authors: Selbing Ida , Skewes Joshua
Published: March 2024

Decisions are not necessarily easy to separate into a planning and an execution phase and the decision-making process can often be reflected in the movement associated with the decision. Here, we used formalized definitions of concepts relevant in decision-making and learning to explore if and how these concepts correlate with decision-related movement paths, both during and after a choice is made. To this end, we let 120 participants (46 males, mean age = 24.5 years) undergo a repeated probabilistic two-choice task with changing probabilities where we used mouse-tracking, a simple non-invasive technique, to study the movements related to decisions. The decisions of the participants were modelled using Bayesian inference which enabled the computation of variables related to decision-making and learning. Analyses of the movement during the decision showed effects of relevant decision variables, such as confidence, on aspects related to, for instance, timing and pausing, range of movement and deviation from the shortest distance. For the movements after a decision there were some effects of relevant learning variables, mainly related to timing and speed. We believe our findings can be of interest for researchers within several fields, spanning from social learning to experimental methods and human–machine/robot interaction.
Medical Management for Fracture Prevention in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Arundel Paul , Bishop Nick
Published: March 2024

There are no licensed treatments for children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Children currently receive off-label treatment with bisphosphonates, without any consistent approach to dose, drug or route of administration. Meta-analyses suggest that anti-fracture efficacy of such interventions is equivocal. New therapies are undergoing clinical trials, and it is likely that one or more will receive marketing authorisation within the next three to five years. The long-term outcome from such interventions will need to be studied carefully well beyond the period over which the clinical trials are conducted, and a consistent approach to the collection of data in this regard will be needed as a major collaborative effort.
Ethanol Sclerotherapy in the Management of Ovarian Endometrioma: Technical Considerations for Catheter- and Needle-Directed Sclerotherapy
Authors: Azizova Aynur , Ciftci Turkmen Turan , Gultekin Murat , Unal Emre , Akhan Okan , Bozdag Gurkan , Akinci Devrim
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To provide technical guidance on applying catheter-directed and needle-directed ethanol sclerotherapy for endometriomas and present the results of these sclerotherapy methods.

Materials and Methods

From January 2015 to March 2021, the results of the patients with symptomatic ovarian endometriomas who underwent needle-directed or catheter-directed sclerotherapy were evaluated, retrospectively. The decision to apply which sclerotherapy technique was made during the procedure for each patient considering the following factors: cyst size, cyst location, cyst viscosity, and tissue rigidity.

Results

Both needle-directed (n = 34 cysts) and catheter-directed (n = 34 cysts) sclerotherapy techniques were effective, with a 100% technical success rate and a 97% clinical success rate. In two of 34 cysts (6%) treated with needle-directed sclerotherapy, recurrence was detected and successfully retreated with catheter-directed sclerotherapy. Significant reductions in cyst size, pain, and serum cancer antigen 125 levels (p < 0.05) were noted. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels remained unaffected, indicating preserved ovarian reserve (p > 0.05). Among those treated for infertility, the pregnancy rate was 54% (n = 6/11). The mean ± SD cyst size decline was greater in catheter-directed sclerotherapy than needle-directed sclerotherapy (5.5 ± 3.1 cm vs. 4.0 ± 2.1 cm, p < 0.05). However, the pretreatment cyst volumes were considerably higher in catheter-directed sclerotherapy group (202.0 ± 233.5 mL vs. 78.8 ± 59.7 mL, p < 0.05) and were associated with significant post-treatment volume decrease (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The choice between catheter-directed and needle-directed ethanol sclerotherapy should be determined during the procedure, with a preference for catheter-directed sclerotherapy when feasible. Crucial factors in making this decision include cyst size, cyst location, cyst viscosity, and tissue rigidity.

Level of evidence Level 3, non-controlled retrospective cohort study.

Graphical Abstract
Synergizing LED Technology and Hydropriming for Intelligent Modeling and Mathematical Expressions to Optimize Chickpea Germination and Growth Indices
Authors: Aasim Muhammad , Akin Fatma , Ali Seyid Amjad
Published: March 2024

The influence of hydropriming and Light Emitting Diodes (LED) on germination and growth indices, followed by optimizing and validation via artificial intelligence-based models was carried out in this research. White LEDs (W-LEDs) were more effective by yielding the most effective growth indices, such as mean germination time (MGT) (1.11 day), coefficient of variation of germination time (CVt) (20.72%), mean germination rate (MR) (0.81 day−1), uncertainty (U) (0.40 bit), and synchronization (Z values) (0.79); the optimum MGT (1.09 day), CVt (15.97%), MR (0.77 day−1), U (0.32 bit), and Z (0.55) values were found after 2 h of hydropriming, which was responsible for all efficient growth indicators. W-LEDs with 1 h hydropriming proved to be the ideal LED and hydropriming combination. Results on growth indices for in vitro seedlings were completely different from those on germination indices, and the most desirable germination indices were linked to red LEDs (R-LEDs). Whereas 4 h hydropriming was most effective for the post-germination process. Pareto charts, normal plots, contour plots, and surface plots were created to optimize the input variables. Finally, the data were predicted using Arificial Neural Network (ANN) inspired multilayer perceptron (MLP) and machine learning-based random forest (RF) algorithms. For both models, plant height was correlated with maximum R2 values. Whereas, all output variables had relatively low mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) scores, indicating that both models performed well. The results of this investigation disclosed a link between certain LEDs and hydropriming treatment for in vitro germination indices and plant growth.

Graphical Abstract

Graphical presentation of actual and predicted values for germination indices in chickpea
One hundred years of excellence: the top one hundred authors of the Journal of Comparative Physiology A
Authors: Zupanc Günther K. H. , Homberg Uwe , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte , Warrant Eric J. , Simmons Andrea Megela
Published: March 2024

The Journal of Comparative Physiology A is the premier peer-reviewed scientific journal in comparative physiology, in particular sensory physiology, neurophysiology, and neuroethology. Founded in 1924 by Karl von Frisch and Alfred Kühn, it celebrates its 100th anniversary in 2024. During these 100 years, many of the landmark achievements in these disciplines were published in this journal. To commemorate these accomplishments, we have compiled a list of the Top 100 Authors over these 100 years, representing approximately 1% of all its authors. To select these individuals, three performance criteria were applied: number of publications, total number of citations attracted by these articles, and mean citation rate of the papers published by each author. The resulting list of the Top 100 Authors provides a fascinating insight into the history of the disciplines covered by the Journal of Comparative Physiology A and into the academic careers of many of their leading representatives.
Near-global summer circulation response to the spring surface temperature anomaly in Tibetan Plateau –– the GEWEX/LS4P first phase experiment
Authors: Zhang Yang , Pan Yan , Xue Yongkang , Diallo Ismaila , Zeng Xubin , Li Shuting , Neelin J. David , Lau William K. M. , Boone Aaron A. , Vitart Frederic , Yao Tandong , Tang Qi , Sato Tomonori , Koo Myung-Seo , Ardilouze Constantin , Saha Subodh K. , Yang Jing , Materia Stefano , Lin Zhaohui , Qi Xin , Qin Yi , Nakamura Tetsu , Nobre Paulo , Peano Daniele , Senan Retish , Takaya Yuhei , Wang Hailan , Zhang Hongliang , Zhan Yanling , Zhao Mei , Mechoso Carlos R. , Bao Qing , Bottino Marcus Jorge , Hong Songyou , Lin Yanluan , Xie Shaocheng , Pan Xiaoduo , Nayak Hara Prasad , Chou Sin Chan , Guo Weidong
Published: March 2024

Subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction of droughts and floods is one of the major challenges of weather and climate prediction. Recent studies suggest that the springtime land surface temperature/subsurface temperature (LST/SUBT) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) can be a new source of S2S predictability. The project “Impact of Initialized Land Surface Temperature and Snowpack on Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction (LS4P)” was initiated to study the impact of springtime LST/SUBT anomalies over high mountain areas on summertime precipitation predictions. The present work explores the simulated global scale response of the atmospheric circulation to the springtime TP land surface cooling by 16 current state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs) participating in the LS4P Phase I (LS4P-I) experiment. The LS4P-I results show, for the first time, that springtime TP surface anomalies can modulate a persistent quasi-barotropic Tibetan Plateau-Rocky Mountain Circumglobal (TRC) wave train from the TP via the northeast Asia and Bering Strait to the western part of the North America, along with the springtime westerly jet from TP across the whole North Pacific basin. The TRC wave train modulated by the TP thermal anomaly play a critical role on the early summer surface air temperature and precipitation anomalies in the regions along the wave train, especially over the northwest North America and the southern Great Plains. The participant models that fail in capturing the TRC wave train greatly under-predict climate anomalies in reference to observations and the successful models. These results suggest that the TP LST/SUBT anomaly via the TRC wave train is the first order source of the S2S variability in the regions mentioned. Furthermore, the TP surface temperature anomaly can influence the Southern Hemispheric circulation by generating cross-equator wave trains. However, the simulated propagation pathways from the TP into the Southern Hemisphere show large inter-model differences. More dynamical understanding of the TRC wave train as well as its cross-equator propagation into the Southern Hemisphere will be explored in the newly launched LS4P phase II experiment.
Fibrates and risk of congenital malformations: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Kay Hee Yeon , Jang Ha Young , Kim In-Wha , Oh Jung Mi
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To examine the association between maternal prescriptions for fibrates and congenital malformations in live births.

Methods

Nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data sourced from the Korean National Health Insurance database. A cohort of 756,877 completed pregnancies linked to live-born infants in 215,600 women with dyslipidemia between 2012 and 2021. The study compared data on congenital anomalies between pregnancies who were exposed to fibrates and those who were not exposed to fibrates in the first trimester. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by a multivariable analyses using logistic regression models to adjust for potential confounders.

Results

260 pregnancies (0.12%) were exposed to fibrates during the first trimester. The prevalence of malformations in exposed offspirng was 10.77%, not significantly different compared with 9.68% in offspring of women who were not prescribed fibrates during pregnancy in patients with dyslipidemia (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.75–1.70).

Conclusion

This study implies that the use of fibrates during pregnancy may be safe, as it did not show any association with congenital anomalies. However, caution is warranted due to an elevated risk associated with prolonged exposure.
Randomised controlled pilot trial to assess effect of electrical stimulation of weak pelvic floor muscles
Authors: Brækken Ingeborg Hoff , Villumstad Tove K. L. S. , Evensen Natalie Michelle
Published: March 2024

Introduction and hypothesis

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has level 1A scientific evidence for the treatment of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Past studies, however, have often excluded women with very weak pelvic floor muscles (PFM). The aim was to investigate the hypothesis that intravaginal electrical stimulation (iES) improves PFM strength more than PFMT in women with weak PFM, and to use these results to calculate sample size required for a future large randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods

This assessor-blinded pilot RCT had a two arm, parallel design with computer-generated Randomisation. Both groups were offered 12 one-to-one physiotherapy sessions over a 6-month period. The iES group received individual tailored electrical pulse parameters. The PFMT group received PFM exercises, with the addition of facilitation techniques at therapy sessions. A power calculator was used to calculate sample size.

Results

Fifteen women were recruited. Eight were randomised to iES and 7 to PFMT. Two subjects dropped out of the iES group. Median age was 49 years (range 36–77) and parity 2.1 (range 1–3). Both groups showed increases in PFM strength measured by manometery (iES 12.3, SD 12.0 vs PFMT 10.0, SD 8.1) cmH2O. There was no significant difference between groups. With a power of 0.80 we need a sample size of 95 women in each group to detect a difference between groups.

Conclusion

There was no significant difference between the groups in improvements in PFM strength. To detect a difference, we would have required 95 women in each group.
Relationship between male aging and semen quality: a retrospective study on over 2500 men
Authors: Castellini Chiara , Cordeschi Giuliana , Tienforti Daniele , Barbonetti Arcangelo
Published: March 2024

Purpose

We aimed to evaluate whether and to what extent an association exists between male aging and worsening of semen parameters and to determine whether a threshold age can be identified above which the decline in semen quality becomes statistically significant.

Methods

2612 men (age: 16–56 years) attending an andrology outpatient clinic for semen analysis and clinical evaluation were studied. Semen analyses were performed according to the ongoing WHO-recommended procedures. Total motile count (TMC) and total progressive motile count (TPMC) were calculated by multiplying total sperm number by total motility and progressive motility, respectively.

Results

Significant negative correlations were found between age and total motility (r = − 0.131, p < 0.0001), progressive motility (r = − 0.112, p < 0.0001), TPMC (r = − 0.042, p = 0.037), and normal sperm morphology (r = − 0.053, p = 0.007). All these associations persisted in multivariate regression models adjusted for abstinence time, smoking, history of male accessory gland infections, varicocele and the year in which semen analysis was performed. When comparisons were performed among quartiles of increasing age, the fourth quartile, corresponding to the age group > 40 years, was associated with a significant decrease in total and progressive motility. An earlier decline in the TPMC and percentage of normal forms was also observed.

Conclusion

Advancing male age exhibits an independent association with a decrease in the percentage of motile and morphologically normal spermatozoa, with greater evidence from the age of > 40 years. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and clinical reflections of these associations.
Electrically evoked compound action potentials are associated with the site of intracochlear stimulation
Authors: Weiss Nora M. , Breitsprecher Tabita , Völter Christiane , Lammers Marc , Van de Heyning Paul , Dazert Stefan , Van Rompaey Vincent
Published: March 2024

Objectives

Objective measurements to predict the position of a cochlear electrode during cochlear implantation surgery may serve to improve the surgical technique and postoperative speech outcome. There is evidence that electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAP) are a suitable approach to provide information about the site of stimulation. This study aims to contribute to the knowledge about the association between the intraoperative intracochlear ECAP characteristics and the site of stimulation.

Methods

In a retrospective cohort study, patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery with flexible lateral wall electrode arrays (12 stimulating channels) between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The CDL was measured using a CT-based clinical planning software. ECAP were measured for all electrode contacts and associated to the CDL as well as to the site of stimulation in degree.

Results

Significant differences among the amplitudes and slopes for the individual stimulated electrode contacts at the stimulation sites of 90°, 180°, 270°, 360°, 450° and 540° were found. The values showed a trend for linearity among the single electrodes.

Conclusions

ECAP characteristics correlate with the electrode’s position inside the cochlea. In the future, ECAP may be applied to assess the intracochlear position inside the cochlea and support anatomy-based fitting.
Predictors of adherence to exercise interventions in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Schwaiger Rebecca , Maurus Isabel , Lembeck Moritz , Papazova Irina , Greska David , Muenz Susanne , Sykorova Eliska , Thieme Cristina E. , Vogel Bob O. , Mohnke Sebastian , Huppertz Charlotte , Roeh Astrid , Keller-Varady Katriona , Malchow Berend , Walter Henrik , Wolfarth Bernd , Wölwer Wolfgang , Henkel Karsten , Hirjak Dusan , Schmitt Andrea , Hasan Alkomiet , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Falkai Peter , Roell Lukas
Published: March 2024

Exercise interventions are nowadays considered as effective add-on treatments in people with schizophrenia but are usually associated with high dropout rates. Therefore, the present study investigated potential predictors of adherence from a large multicenter study, encompassing two types of exercise training, conducted over a 6-month period with individuals with schizophrenia. First, we examined the role of multiple participants’ characteristics, including levels of functioning, symptom severity, cognitive performance, quality of life, and physical fitness. Second, we used K-means clustering to identify clinical subgroups of participants that potentially exhibited superior adherence. Last, we explored if adherence could be predicted on the individual level using Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Ridge Regression. We found that individuals with higher levels of functioning at baseline were more likely to adhere to the exercise interventions, while other factors such as symptom severity, cognitive performance, quality of life or physical fitness seemed to be less influential. Accordingly, the high-functioning group with low symptoms exhibited a greater likelihood of adhering to the interventions compared to the severely ill group. Despite incorporating various algorithms, it was not possible to predict adherence at the individual level. These findings add to the understanding of the factors that influence adherence to exercise interventions. They underscore the predictive importance of daily life functioning while indicating a lack of association between symptom severity and adherence. Future research should focus on developing targeted strategies to improve adherence, particularly for people with schizophrenia who suffer from impairments in daily functioning.

Clinical trials registration The study of this manuscript which the manuscript is based was registered in the International Clinical Trials Database, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number: NCT03466112, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03466112?term=NCT03466112&draw=2&rank=1) and in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID: DRKS00009804.
Sex differences in thermophysiological responses of elderly to low-intensity exercise during uncompensable heat strain
Authors: Daanen Hein A. M. , Dijkstra Iris , Abbink Emma , de Jong Iris J. , Wolf S. Tony , Bongers Coen C. W. G. , Hondema Laurens S. , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Kingma Boris R. M.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The rising frequency of extreme heat events poses an escalating threat of heat-related illnesses and fatalities, placing an additional strain on global healthcare systems. Whether the risk of heat-related issues is sex specific, particularly among the elderly, remains uncertain.

Methods

16 men and 15 women of similar age (69 ± 5 years) were exposed to an air temperature of 39.1 ± 0.3 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 25.1 ± 1.9%, during 20 min of seated rest and at least 40 min of low-intensity (10 W) cycling exercise. RH was gradually increased by 2% every 5 min starting at minute 30. We measured sweat rate, heart rate, thermal sensation, and the rise in gastrointestinal temperature (Tgi) and skin temperature (Tsk).

Results

Tgi consistently increased from minute 30 to 60, with no significant difference between females and males (0.012 ± 0.004 °C/min vs. 0.011 ± 0.005 °C/min; p = 0.64). Similarly, Tsk increase did not differ between females and males (0.044 ± 0.007 °C/min vs. 0.038 ± 0.011 °C/min; p = 0.07). Females exhibited lower sweat rates than males (0.29 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.14 mg/m2/min; p < 0.001) in particular at relative humidities exceeding 30%. No sex differences in heart rate and thermal sensation were observed.

Conclusion

Elderly females exhibit significantly lower sweat rates than their male counterparts during low-intensity exercise at ambient temperatures of 39 °C when humidity exceeds 30%. However, both elderly males and females demonstrate a comparable rise in core temperature, skin temperature, and mean body temperature, indicating similar health-related risks associated with heat exposure.