bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Idiot Sticks”: Kwakwaka'wakw Carving and Cultural Resistance in Commercial Art Production on the Northwest Coast
Authors: Davy Jack
Published: July 2019

“Idiot sticks” was a derogatory term used to describe miniature totem poles made as souvenirs for white tourists by the artists of the Kwakwaka'wakw people of British Columbia in the early twentieth century. Tracking the post-contact history of the Kwakwaka'wakw using a combination of historical accounts and interviews with contemporary Kwakwaka'wakw artists, this article explores the obscured subversive and satirical nature of these objects as a form of resistance to settler colonialism, and in doing so reconsiders who really could be considered the “idiot” in this exchange.
The potential of MOOCs for large-scale teacher professional development in contexts of mass displacement
Authors: Kennedy Eileen , Laurillard Diana
Published: July 2019

The mass displacement of people across the world, currently estimated at 65 million, creates a massive demand for new forms of education for children, young people and adults. However, this cannot be addressed without attending to what this means for teachers and other professionals
involved in education and training. Clearly, there is a need for large-scale teacher professional development (TPD). Digital technology has the potential to meet this demand, but challenges are presented by the poor digital infrastructure in contexts of mass displacement. Data from two projects
are analysed to explore the viability of scaling up TPD in the form of co-designed massive open online courses (MOOCs). The first data set is from a co-designed TPD MOOC project Blended Learning Essentials, to show that digital technology can be effective for scaling up TPD, but that a sustainability
plan must be in place from the outset. The second data set is from a project that built on the first to run stakeholder co-design workshops in Lebanon, as a way of developing large-scale TPD in this most challenging context. Lebanon has the highest proportion of refugee to host communities
in the world. This case study indicates that MOOCs could be viable in such a context, but also highlights the need to balance the generic principles being offered with a focus on localized practice. A theory of change is presented to outline a method of meeting these challenges by employing
a co-design methodology to create self-sustaining digital TPD in the context of Lebanon, and to test this model with the contexts of mass displacement experienced by other participants in the MOOC.
Performance and Behavioural Effects of Separating Dairy Cows and Their Calves at Birth
Authors: Steele Michael
Published: July 2019

PICO question

In Dairy Cows and Calves separated at birth vs. suckled with the mother, are there any behavioural and performance effects on both cow and/or calf?
Clinical bottom line

Calves allowed to suckle from their mothers show stronger behavioural bonds at weaning and appear to gain more weight (at weaning) than separated and automatically fed calves. However, due to the milk yield loss and subsequent favourable weight gains after weaning from ad lib suckling, automatically fed groups make separation at birth a preferable economic decision.

  
Review of water deficit mediated changes in vine and berry physiology; Consequences for the optimization of irrigation strategies
Authors: Scholasch Thibaut , Rienth Markus
Published: July 2019

The increasing risk of water deficit stress due to global warming subjects winegrowers of traditional rain fed viticulture regions to new challenges regarding vine water status assessment and possible drought mitigation strategies, such as irrigation.This review summarizes the most recent studies on the impact of water deficit stress on vine and berry physiology; it discusses the latest scientific advances regarding hormonal and hydraulic regulation and segmentation and addresses the current debate on iso/an-isohydricity within vine cultivars. Latest literature on irrigation frequency, water stress memory and the impact of abiotic factors such as VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit), radiation, temperature and canopy architecture on vine physiology and water use, raise important questions on water status assessment and the implementation of irrigation strategies. Practical consequences regarding the effects of vine water regime on vine water regulatory mechanisms are discussed. Recent technical and scientific advances shed new light on how site specific irrigation strategies matching production objectives could improve vineyard water use.
KARAKTERISTIK KALDU NABATI KEDELAI HITAM (Glycine soja), KACANG GUDE (Cajanus cajan, Mills) DAN BIJI SAGA (Adenanthera pavonina, Linn) MELALUI FERMENTASI KOJI MOROMI
Authors: Utami Rohula , Widowati Esti , Purwandari Yuli Wijayanti
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kimia (protein terlarut, lemak, gula reduksi), aktivitas antioksidan dan fisik (viskositas) dari kaldu nabati kedelai hitam, kacang gude, dan biji saga melalui fermentasi koji-moromi. Pembuatan kaldu nabati menggunakan ragi yang berisi Rhizopus sp. dengan ratio kacang, ragi, dan garam 56 : 23 : 21% dan di fermentasi selama 0, 4, 6 dan 8 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga jenis kacang tersebut semakin lama waktu fermentasi maka semakin tinggi pula kadar protein terlarut, lemak, gula reduksi serta aktivitas antioksidannya. Namun berbanding terbalik dengan nilai viskositasnya, semakin lama waktu fermentasi maka viskositas kaldu nabati semakin turun atau semakin cair. Kaldu nabati kedelai hitam selama fermentasi 8 minggu kadar protein terlarutnya 4,56% ; lemak 5,01% ; gula reduksi 1,73% ; aktivitas antioksidan 0,43% DPPH/mg sampel ; viskositas 317,5 dPas. Kaldu nabati kacang gude selama fermentasi 8 minggu kadar protein terlarutnya 3,14% ; lemak 1,10% ; gula reduksi 1,96% ; aktivitas antioksidan 0,46% DPPH/mg sampel ; viskositas 207,5 dPas. Kaldu nabati kedelai hitam selama fermentasi 8 minggu kadar protein terlarutnya 3,74% ; lemak 8,66% ; gula reduksi 1,13% ; aktivitas antioksidan
0,42% DPPH/mg sampel ; viskositas 380 dPas.
Kata Kunci : kedelai hitam, waktu fermentasi, gude, biji saga, kaldu nabati
TOTAL BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT, NILAI pH, DAN ADHESIVENESS SUSU BIFIDUS BERBAHAN BAKU SUSU DARI PETERNAKAN YANG BERBEDA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BUAH-BUAHAN LOKAL
Authors: Tiska Faradilla Bunga , Sustiyah Ani , Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni’matulah
Published: July 2019

Kualitas susu yang dihasilkan setiap ternak berbeda-beda tergantung faktor fisiologis dan lingkungan. Hal ini akan berpengaruh pada kandungan nutrisi dalam susu yang dapat menentukan kualitas produk olahan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kualitas susu yang difermentasikan dengan Bifidobacterium longum dan ditambah ekstrak buah dilihat dari total bakteri asam laktat, nilai pH, dan daya lekat (adhesiveness) yang berasal dari peternakan berbeda. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu Uji-T dengan sampel bebas. Terdapat dua peternakan yang akan dibandingkan untuk mengetahui kualitas susu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu bifidus yang berasal dari peternakan yang berbeda tanpa penambahan ekstrak buah memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap penurunan nilai pH tetapi tidak pada pertumbuhan total Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) dan adhesivenes.
Jumlah total BAL pada susu bifidus yang berbahan baku susu segar dari peternakan yang berbeda berada pada kisaran normal yaitu 10 7 log CFU/ml. Nilai pH susu bifidus dari kedua peternakan masih diatas 5 dan adhesiveness masih rendah (belum menggumpal). Terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan total BAL, nilai pH, dan
adhesiveness setelah diberi ekstrak buah. Penambahan buah berguna untuk menyetarakan kualitas susu bifidus yang berbahan baku susu sedengan kualitas rendah sehingga menjadi lebih baik.
Kata kunci: kualitas susu segar, susu bifidus, total BAL, pH, adhesiveness
PENGARUH OLEORESIN DAUN JERUK PURUT PADA EDIBLE COATING TERHADAP KUALITAS SOSIS BEKU
Authors: Utami Rohula , Khasanah Lia Umi , Utami Annisa Widia
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan berbagai konsentrasi oleoresin daun jeruk purut dua tahap terhadap karakteristik mikrobiologis (TPC) dan fisiko-kimia (warna, pH, TBA, dan TVB) sosis daging sapi selama penyimpanan pada suhu -10±2 o C. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan satu faktor yaitu konsentrasi oleoresin daun jeruk purut dua tahap pada edible coating sebesar 0%; 0.01%; dan 0.075%. Pengamatan dilakukan pada bulan ke 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dengan penambahan oleoresin daun jeruk purut dua tahap pada edible coating
mempengaruhi kerusakan mikrobiologis dan oksidatif sosis daging sapi. Dengan penambahan oleoresin daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix DC) dua tahap maka terjadi penghambatan pertumbuhan mikroba pada sosis daging sapi, serta peningkatan nilai TVB sebagai parameter kesegaran dapat ditekan. Adanya sitronelal pada oleoresin
daun jeruk purut dua tahap mempengaruhi nilai TBA. Sedangkan nilai pH dan warna dapat dipertahankan selama penyimpanan. Penambahan oleoresin daun jeruk purut dua tahap pada edible coating dapat meningkatkan umur simpan sosis daging sapi.

Kata kunci: Citrus hystrix DC, daun jeruk purut, edible coating, pembekuan, sosis daging sapi 
PENAPISAN HEMAGGLUTININ DARI ALGA HIJAU GENUS Codium (Chlorophyceae, Codiaceae)
Authors: Praseptiangga Danar
Published: July 2019

Lektin (hemagglutinin) tersebar secara luas di alam dan memiliki potensi yang baik terkait dengan
prospeksinya dari alga laut. Sifat terpenting lektin adalah kemampuannya untuk mengikat karbohidrat dan
mengaglutinasi sel. Lektin dapat berguna sebagai alat yang mudah digunakan untuk menunjukkan perbedaan
struktur karbohidrat dan mempunyai berbagai macam aktifitas biologis terkait dengan pengikatan dan
interaksinya dengan karbohidrat, sehingga terdapat ketertarikan yang besar dalam upaya untuk menemukan dan
mengisolasi lektin baru dari perspektif penggunaan lektin, khususnya dalam bidang glycomics dan medis. Fraksi
kasar lektin dari enam spesies alga hijau genus Codium disiapkan dan diuji aktifitas hemaglutinasinya dengan
menggunakan trypsin-treated rabbit erythrocytes. Hasil positif pada limaspesies alga hijau genus Codium yang
diuji dalam hemagglutination assay mengindikasikan keberadaan lektin (hemagglutinin) pada spesies-spesies
tersebut. Namun demikian, masih diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pemurnian lektin dan karakterisasi
sifat biokimianya.
KAJIAN KARAKTERISTIK SENSORI DAN KAPASITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MINUMAN FUNGSIONAL BEKATUL BERAS HITAM DENGAN PENAMBAHAN JAHE (Zingiber officinale) DAN KENCUR (Kamferia galanga L.)
Authors: Basito Basito
Published: July 2019

Bekatul beras hitam merupakan sumber antioksidan alami yang murah dan mudah didapat. Bekatul beras
hitam dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman fungsional dengan menambahkan bahan pencita rasa yaitu dari jahe
(Zingiber officinale) dan kencur (Kamferia galanga L.). Jahe dan kencur mengandung nutrisi yang cukup
lengkap untuk kesehatan. Jahe dan kencur mempunyai flavor yang khas dan kuat yang diharapkan mampu
menutup flavor langu dari bekatul beras hitam. Minuman fungsional bekatul beras hitam ini diharapkan dapat
dijadikan sebagai alternatif minuman fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik sensori
minuman fungsional bekatul beras hitam dengan penambahan jahe (Zingiber officinale) dan kencur (Kamferia
galanga L.) berbagai formulasi, menentukan kapasitas antioksidan yaitu total fenol, total antosianin dan aktivitas
antioksidan minuman fungsional bekatul beras hitam dengan penambahan jahe (Zingiber officinale) dan kencur
(Kamferia galanga L.) dari berbagai formulasi yang disukai. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan
Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 3 faktor yaitu bekatul beras hitam, jahe dan kencur dengan variasi
formulasi yang digunakan. Hasil uji karakteristik sensoris menunjukkan bahwa yang disukai panelis adalah
minuman dengan formula (bekatul : jahe : kencur) 70:15:15 dan 70:20:10 dari semua formulasi. Pada formula
70:15:15 menunjukkan kadar total fenol sebesar 705,99 mg/100ml, kadar total antosianin sebesar 133,97
mg/100ml dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 54,36%. Sedangkan formula 70:20:10 kadar total fenolnya sebesar
654,18 mg/100ml, kadar total antosianin 118,23 mg/100ml dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 41,81 %.
DIVERSIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI CITARASA BAKSO IKAN TENGGIRI (Scomberomus commerson) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ASAP CAIR TEMPURUNG KELAPA
Authors: Parnanto Nur Her Riyadi , Atmaka Windi
Published: July 2019

Kecenderungan konsumen terhadap produk pangan bercitarasa asap semakin meningkat. Bahkan akhir-akhir ini
muncul produk pangan bercitarasa asap yang dahulu tidak lazim diperdagangkan seperti nasi bakar, tahu bakar
dan kelapa bakar. Namun, pengasapan cara langsung memungkinkan terbentuknya senyawa karsinogenik.
Penggunaan asap cair merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk memperbaiki proses tersebut sehingga dihasilkan
produk pangan bercitarasa asap yang aman bagi kesehatan. Ikan tenggiri mempunyai tingkat produksi dan
kandungan gizi yang cukup tinggi. Bakso ikan merupakan salah satu bentuk diversifikasi produk perikanan.
Bakso merupakan salah satu produk yang paling digemari. Namun, sejauh ini citarasa bakso masih standar
sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah dengan cara menambahkan citarasa asap pada
produk bakso ikan tenggiri.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode dan konsentrasi pemberian asap cair pada bakso ikan
tenggiri yang memiliki tingkat kesukaan paling tinggi, mengetahui karakter sensoris (warna, aroma asap, rasa
asap, kekenyalan dan keseluruhan) serta untuk mengetahui karakter fisik (tekstur) dan karakter kimia (kadar air,
lemak, protein dan fenol) terhadap bakso ikan tenggiri citarasa asap yang paling disukai. Rancangan yang
digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu variasi metode
penambahan asap cair (pencampuran, pencelupan dan penyemprotan) serta variasi konsentrasi asap cair (3%, 5%
dan 7%). Analisis data secara statistik dengan ANOVA pada α=5% serta dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT apabila
ada beda nyata.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi metode serta konsentrasi pemberian asap cair pada bakso ikan
tenggiri tidak memberikan pengaruh beda nyata terhadap sifat sensori warna, kekenyalan serta keseluruhan tetapi
memberikan pengaruh bervariasi terhadap sifat sensori aroma asap dan rasa asap. Bakso ikan tenggiri dengan
metode penyemprotan asap cair 3% merupakan metode serta konsentrasi pemberian asap cair yang memiliki
tingkat kesukaan paling tinggi. Karakteristik kimia bakso ikan tenggiri dengan penyemprotan asap cair 3% telah sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI bakso ikan yaitu: kadar air 75,06%, kadar protein 10,16% dan kadar lemak
0,86%. Mengandung fenol alami sebesar 0,07061% dan masih jauh di bawah batas maksimal kadar fenol yang
diperbolehkan dalam bahan makanan (0,02-0,1%) sehingga aman untuk dikonsumsi serta dapat diterima
konsumen dari karakter sensoris, fisik dan kimia. 
PENGARUH DIET EKSTRAK BUAH SALAM (Syzygium polyanthumr [Wight.] Walp) TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH DAN PROFIL LIPID (TOTAL KOLESTEROL, HDL-C, LDL-C, DAN TRIGLISERIDA) PADA TIKUS WISTAR
Authors: Ariviani Setyaningrum
Published: July 2019

Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak buah salam (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight.] Walp) memiliki
kapasitas antioksidan sebagai penangkap radikal bebas dan penghambat peroksidasi sistem linoleat. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh diet ekstrak buah salam (Syzygium polyanthum [Wight.] Walp) terhadap
kadar glukosa darah dan profil lipid (total kolesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C dan Trigliserida) pada tikus wistar. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diet ekstrak buah salam dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa, total kolesterol,
trigliserida, LDL kolesterol, dan meningkatkan kadar HDL kolesterol tikus wistar, bertutut-turut sebesar 5,92 %,
8,10 %, 4,51 %, 48.25% dan 11.87%.
KAJIAN KADAR ASAM FITAT DAN KADAR PROTEIN SELAMA PEMBUATAN TEMPE KARA BENGUK (Mucuna pruriens,L) DENGAN VARIASI PENGECILAN UKURAN DAN LAMA FERMENTASI
Authors: Anam Choirul , Handayani Sri , Rokhmah Laela Nur
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengecilan ukuran biji kara benguk (Mucuna pruriens,L) dan lama
fermentasi terhadap kadar asam fitat dan kadar protein pada pembuatan tempe kara benguk (Mucuna
pruriens,L). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang
terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu variasi pengecilan ukuran (3 macam) serta variasi lama fermentasi (5 macam).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan setiap 12 jam waktu fermentasi untuk ketiga jenis ukuran biji kara benguk, kadar
asam fitat terendah dan kadar protein terlarut tertinggi didapatkan pada tempe kara benguk biji giling. Pada
fermentasi 36 jam untuk ketiga jenis ukuran biji diperoleh asam fitat terendah selama fermentasi yaitu 3,32
mg/g; 1,98 mgr/g dan 1,16 mg/g. Kadar protein terlarut tertinggi selama fermentasi juga diperoleh pada
fermentasi 36 jam yaitu 19,51mg/g; 23,73 mg/g dan 24,89 mg/g.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa lama fermentasi dan ukuran biji kara benguk
berpengaruh pada kadar asam fitat dan kadar protein terlarut pada tempe kara benguk. Semakin lama fermentasi
tempe kara benguk maka kadar asam fitat semakin rendah dan kadar protein terlarut semakin tinggi. Semakin
kecil ukuran biji tempe kara benguk, maka kadar asam fitat semakin rendah dan kadar protein terlarutnya
semakin tinggi. Tempe kara benguk biji giling fermentasi 36 memiliki kadar asam fitat terendah dan kadar
protein terlarut tertinggi dari semua sampel dengan variasi lama fermentasi dan pengecilan ukuran. Waktu
optimal fermentasi yaitu 36 jam karena untuk pengujian protein terlarut dan asam fitat tidak berbeda nyata
termasuk teksturnya sudah cukup kompak.
PENGEMBANGAN METODE PENGKAYAAN UNTUK DETEKSI SEL Listeria monocytogenes RUSAK SUBLETAL
Authors: Suharyono A. S.
Published: July 2019

Listeria monocytogenes adalah bakteri patogen berbahaya yang dapat disebarkan melalui makanan. Kontaminasi
makanan oleh Listeria monocytogenes di Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan walaupun penelitian mengenai
bakteri ini perlu diawali. Tujuan penelitian secara umum adalah untuk mengembangkan metode deteksi dan
untuk mengobservasi kerusakan sel Listeria monocytogenes yang dihasilkan dari proses pembekuan udang.
Media yang digunakan untuk pengkayaan adalah media FDA (LEB) dengan penambahan masing-masing darah
kambing, susu penuh, ekstrak daging atau ekstrak udang. Kerusakan sel secara subletal dan letal dideteksi
dengan metode pour plate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanasan pada 60C selama 10 menit
menyebabkan kerusakan sel sebesar 98,75%, sel letal 0,5 % dan waktu penyembuhan sel rusak subletal adalah 8
jam pada 37C. FDA (LEB) + 2% (b/v) susu penuh adalah media terbaik untuk penyembuhan Listeria
monocytogenes (penyembuhan 100%), FDA (LEB) + 2% (b/v) darah kambing menunjukkan pengaruh terendah
pada penyembuhan 4,34% dengan waktu inkubasi 8 jam.
Adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes is a rare but aggressive histologic subtype in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sheng Hui , Wei Xiaoli , Mao Minjie , He Jincan , Luo Tianqi , Lu Shilin , Zhou Liye , Huang Zhixin , Yang Anli
Published: July 2019

Background: Though there have been studies investigating the clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance of mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) compared with classic adenocarcinoma (CA), little is known about the prognosis of adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes (AM) and the differences among these four subtypes.

Methods: The statistics of colorectal cancer registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were retrieved and analyzed. We also compared the clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance between CA, SRCC, MAC and AM.

Results: The frequencies of these four subtypes were 69.9% (CA, n=15,812), 25.1% (MAC, n=5,689), 3.6% (SRCC, n=814) and 1.4% (AM, n=321). All of MAC, SRCC and AM were significantly related with aggressive features. Only SRCC and AM were independent poor prognostic markers for overall survival by multivariate analysis. The malignancy degree of AM was between MAC and SRCC according to the clinicopathologic associations. The prognosis of AM was significantly worse than MAC but comparable with SRCC.

Conclusions: We confirmed the clinicopathologic relevance with aggressive features of MAC and SRCC, as well as the poor prognostic relevance of SRCC by analyzing a large study population. Furthermore, we identified AM as a rare but aggressive histologic subtype in colorectal cancer, which particular attention should be given in clinical practice.
MPPa-PDT suppresses breast tumor migration/invasion through inhibiting AKT-NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 expressions via ROS
Authors: Huang Liyi , Lin Haidan , Chen Qing , Yu Lehua , Bai Dingqun
Published: July 2019

Background: breast cancer is the most commonly women cancer and most breast cancer deaths are related to tumor metastasis. Therefore, inhibiting metastasis may provide a therapeutic treatment for breast cancer. In the present study, pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester mediated photodynamic therapy (MPPa-PDT) was used to inhibit metastasis in breast cancer cells MCF-7. Methods: Uptake of MPPa was detected by fluorescence microscope. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8. Generation of ROS were detected by DCFH-DA. Migration of cells was assessed by wound healing assay and invasion ability was assessed by Matrigel invasion assay. Levels of MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by PCR. Akt, Phospho-Akt, Phospho-NF-kB p65 and NF-kB p65 were measured by western blotting. F-actin cytoskeleton was observed by immunofluorescence. Lung organs were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Results: Following MPPa-PDT, migration and invasion were decreased in the MCF-7 cells. MPPa-PDT down-regulated expression of MMP2 and MMP9 which is responsible for metastasis. MPPa-PDT reduced the phosphorylation of AKT and NF-κB. MPPa-PDT also destroyed cytoskeleton F-actin in MCF-7 cells. These effects were blocked by the reactive oxygen scavenger NAC or AKT activator SC79 while PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or AKT inhibitor Triciribine increased these effects. Moreover, MPPa-PDT inhibited tumor metastasis and destroyed F-actin in vivo. Conclusion: taken together, these results demonstrated that MPPa-PDT inhibits metastasis of MCF-7 cells both in vitro and vivo, and that may involve in AKT-NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 signaling pathway. Thus, MPPa-PDT may be a promising therapeutic treatment to inhibit metastasis.
Rapid identification and characterization of genetic loci for defective kernel in bread wheat
Authors: Fu Chao , Du Jiuyuan , He Zhonghu , Tian Xiuling , Wang Yue , Fu Luping , Xu Xiaoting , Xu Dengan , Xia Xianchun , Zhang Yan , Cao Shuanghe
Published: July 2019

Background

Wheat is a momentous crop and feeds billions of people in the world. The improvement of wheat yield is very important to ensure world food security. Normal development of grain is the essential guarantee for wheat yield formation. The genetic study of grain phenotype and identification of key genes for grain filling are of great significance upon dissecting the molecular mechanism of wheat grain morphogenesis and yield potential.

Results

Here we identified a pair of defective kernel (Dek) isogenic lines, BL31 and BL33, with plump and shrunken mature grains, respectively, and constructed a genetic population from the BL31/BL33 cross. Ten chromosomes had higher frequency of polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers between BL31 and BL33 using Wheat660K chip. Totally 783 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were chosen from the above chromosomes and 15 of these were integrated into two linkage groups using the genetic population. Genetic mapping identified three QTL, QDek.caas-3BS.1, QDek.caas-3BS.2 and QDek.caas-4AL, explaining 14.78 - 18.17%, 16.61 - 21.83% and 19.08 - 28.19% of phenotypic variances, respectively. Additionally, five polymorphic SNPs from Wheat660K were successfully converted into cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers and enriched the target regions of the above QTL. Biochemical analyses revealed that BL33 has significantly higher grain sucrose contents at filling stages and lower mature grain starch contents than BL31, indicating that the Dek QTL may be involved in carbohydrate metabolism. As such, the candidate genes for each QTL were determined according to International Wheat Genome Sequence Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq v1.0.

Conclusions

Overall, we achieved a rapid QTL mapping and reasonable predication of causal genes for Dek, laying foundation to conduct fine mapping and dissect the regulatory mechanism underlying Dek trait in wheat.
Comparative transcriptome analysis between resistant and susceptible tomato lines uncovers the response mechanism of Cf-16-mediated resistance to Cladosporium fulvum
Authors: Zhang Dongye , Yang Huanhuan , Xu Xiangyang
Published: July 2019

Background

Leaf mold disease caused by Cladosporium fulvum is a major disease in cultivated tomato plants and affects global tomato production. Some Cf genes, of which Cf-16 is an effective gene for resisting tomato leaf mold, are associated with leaf mold resistance; however, the molecular mechanism is largely unknown.

Results

we used comparative transcriptome analysis of C. fulvum-resistant (cv. Ontario7816, including the Cf-16 gene) and C. fulvum-susceptible (cv. Moneymaker) tomato lines to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 4 and 8 days postinfection with C. fulvum. We found that the number of DEGs in the Cf-16 tomatoes was significantly higher than the number of DEGs in the Moneymaker tomatoes. In addition, 1,350 DEGs were shared among Cf-16 groups at 4 and 8 dpi, suggesting the existence of a common core of DEGs in response to C. fulvum infection. Upregulated DEGs were mainly associated with defense processes and phytohormone signaling, including salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), in the Cf-16 tomato. Moreover, the SA and JA contents significantly increased in the Cf-16 tomato at the early stages of C. fulvum infection. Comprehensively, more upregulated DEGs were found in the Cf-16 tomato than in the Cf-10 and Cf-12 tomatoes at the early stage of C. fulvum infection. However, the significantly enriched defense-signaling pathways involved in Cf-16 had some distinctions from those in Cf-10 and Cf-12.

Conclusion

Our results provide new insights into the resistance response mechanism of Cf genes to C. fulvum, especially the unique characteristics of Cf-16 in response to C. fulvum infection.
Body mass index and lifetime healthcare utilization
Authors: Edwards Christina Hansen , Aas Eline , Kinge Jonas Minet
Published: July 2019

Background: Overweight and obesity is a major global public health challenge, and understanding the implications for healthcare systems is essential for policy planning. Past studies have typically found positive associations between obesity and healthcare utilization, but these studies have not taken into consideration that obesity is also associated with early mortality. We examined associations between body mass index (BMI, reported as kg/m2) and healthcare utilization with and without taking BMI-specific survival into consideration.

Methods: We used nationally representative data on 33 882 adults collected between 2002 and 2015. We computed BMI- and age-specific primary and secondary care utilization and multiplied the estimated values with gender-, age-, and BMI-specific probabilities of surviving to each age. Then, we summed the average BMI-specific utilization between 18 and 85 years.

Results: During a survival-adjusted lifetime, males with normal weight (BMI: 18.5–24.9) had, on average, 167 primary care, and 77 secondary care contacts. In comparison, males with overweight (BMI: 25.0–29.9), category I obesity (BMI: 30.0–34.9), and category II/III obesity (BMI ≥35.0) had 11%, 41%, and 102% more primary care, and 14%, 29%, and 78% more secondary care contacts, respectively. Females with normal weight had, on average, 210 primary care contacts and 91 secondary care contacts. Females with overweight, category I obesity, and category II/III obesity had 20%, 34%, and 81% more primary care contacts, and 26%, 16%, and 16% more secondary care contacts, respectively.

Conclusion: The positive association between BMI and healthcare utilization was reduced, but not offset, when BMI-specific survival was taken into consideration. Our findings underpin previous research and suggest that interventions to offset the increasing prevalence of overweight, and especially obesity, are warranted.
Knowledge and attitudes among health professionals about poliomyelitis and post-poliomyelitis syndrome: a cross-sectional study in Brazil
Authors: Lira Claudio Andre Barbosa de , Santos Douglas Assis Teles , Viana Ricardo Borges , Guimarães Juliana Moreira , Oliveira Jéssica Nathalia Soares , Sousa Bolivar Saldanha , Santana Marcos Gonçalves , Vancini Rodrigo Luiz , Andrade Marília Santos
Published: July 2019

Background

Post-poliomyelitis syndrome is a clinical condition that can affect poliomyelitis survivors. Our aim was to evaluate post-poliomyelitis syndrome knowledge among Brazilian health professionals.

Methods

A self-administered questionnaire (30 questions) was designed to probe knowledge about poliomyelitis and post-poliomyelitis syndrome. From the questionnaire, we created a structured exam to evaluate the performance of the professionals. The exam was composed of 20 questions and a score was provided, varying from 0 (totally ill advised) to 20 (totally well-informed).

Results

In general, physicians, physiotherapists and nurses demonstrated a better understanding of poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome. The health professionals who had received previous information about poliomyelitis and PPS had significantly higher scores than those that had never received information (p<0.001). On average, this difference was approximately 28.6%.

Conclusions

The findings of the present study indicate a critical need for the improvement of PPS knowledge among Brazilian health professionals.
Pulmonary Metastasectomy in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC): a multi-centre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Treasure Tom , Farewell Vern , Macbeth Fergus , Monson Kathryn , Williams Norman R , Graves Chris-Brew , Lees Belinda , Grigg Olivia , Fallowfield Lesley
Published: July 2019

Background: Lung metastasectomy in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer has been adopted and established without control data. Our aim was to test its effectiveness in a randomised trial.

Methods: Multidisciplinary teams in 13 hospitals recruited participants with potentially resectable lung metastases to a multicentre 2-arm randomised trial comparing active monitoring with or without metastasectomy. Other treatments were as decided by the local team. Randomization was centralised with stratification by site and minimisation for age, sex, primary cancer stage, interval since primary resection, prior liver involvement, the number of metastases, and carcinoembryonic antigen. The assigned arm was not disclosed to the trial management group until completion of analysis. Analysis was on intention to treat with a margin for non-inferiority of 10%.

Findings: Between December 2010 and December 2016, 65 participants were randomised. Characteristics were well-matched in the two arms and similar to those in reported studies: age 35 to 86 (IQR 60 to 74); primary resection IQR 16 to 35 months previously; stage at resection T1, 2 or 3 in 3, 8 and 46; N1 or N2 in 31 and 26; unknown in 8. Lung metastases 1 to 5 (median 2); 16/65 had previous liver metastases; carcinoembryonic antigen normal in 55/65. There were no other interventions in the first 6 months, no cross overs from control to treatment, and no treatment related deaths or major adverse events. Hazard ratio for death within 5 years, comparing metastasectomy with control, was 0.82 (95%CI 0.43, 1.56).

Interpretation: The small number (N=65) precludes a conclusive answer to the research question but the similar survival in metastasectomy and control arms challenges beliefs that there is a 35% survival difference that can be attributed to lung metastasectomy.

Funding: Cancer Research UK funding Grant No. C7678/A11393
Name of the registry: Clintrial.gov
Registration number: NCT01106261
Date 19th April 2010
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01106261
Usefulness of intra-operative neuromuscular blockade monitoring and reversal agents for postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Domenech Gonzalo , Kampel Matias , Guzzo Maria Eugenia Garcia , Novas Delfina Sanchez , Terrasa Sergio , Fornari Gustavo Garcia
Published: July 2019

Background: Current neuromuscular blockade (NMB) management techniques cannot completely prevent residual NMB (RNMB) during the postoperative period. Evidently, compliance with NMB monitoring is persistently low, and the risk of RNMB during the perioperative period remains underestimated. To our knowledge, no publications have reported the incidence of RNMB in a university hospital where access to quantitative NMB monitoring and sugammadex is unlimited and where NMB management is not protocolised. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of RNMB in patients managed with or without sugammadex or neostigmine as antagonists and quantitative NMB monitoring in the operating room. The secondary aim was to explore the associations between RNMB and potentially related variables.
Methods: This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted at a tertiary referral university hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Records created between June 2015 and December 2015 were reviewed. In total, 240 consecutive patients who had undergone elective surgical procedures requiring NMB were included. All patients were monitored via acceleromyography at the adductor pollicis muscle within 5 min of arrival in the postanaesthesia care unit (PACU). Scheduled recovery in the intensive care unit was the only exclusion criterion.
Results: RNMB was present in 1.6% patients who received intra-operative quantitative NMB monitoring and 32% patients whose NMB was not monitored (P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that the use of intra-operative quantitative NMB monitoring and sugammadex were associated with a lower incidence of RNMB, with calculated odds ratios of 0.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.005 to 0.401) and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.046 to 0.727), respectively.
Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that intra-operative quantitative NMB monitoring and use of sugammadex are associated with a decreased incidence of RNMB in the PACU, reinforcing the contention that the optimal strategy for RNMB avoidance is the use of quantitative NMB monitoring and eventual use of reversal agents, if needed, prior to emergence from anaesthesia.
Effect of CYP3A5*3 polymorphism on anti-inflamatory therapy in children with bronchial asthma
Authors: Zastrozhina A. K. , Zaitseva S. V. , Grishina E. A. , Ryzhykova K. A. , Panfeorova O. O. , Kalenov S. Y. , Soboleva O. I. , Sychyov D. A. , Zakharova I. N.
Published: July 2019

Previous pharmacogenetic studies demonstrate significant genes’ polymorphisms effect on the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy, including in bronchial asthma (BA). According to the literature, there are data on the effect of polymorphisms CYP3A4*22 and CYP3A5*3 on the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in children with BA. Further research on the effect of pharmacogenetic features on the efficacy and safety of drugs is one of the way to optimize asthma therapy in children.

Purpose. Identification of possible ways to optimize asthma therapy by the analysis of CYP3A5 (A6986G) gene polymorphism effect on the asthma therapy efficacy.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of three children’s polyclinics of Moscow. 100 children aged 6–17 years with an established diagnosis of BA were included. Dynamic assessment of asthma control and the amount of therapy needed was carried out. All patients underwent genotyping for the A6986G polymorphism of CYP3A5 gene by real-time PCR. Statistical data analysis was carried out using a programming language for statistical data processing R.3.4.0.

Results. It was found that 8% of children with asthma were heterozygous for the A6986G polymorphism of the CYP3A5 gene, 92% of respondents were homozygous with the GG genotype. In 6 out of 8 heterozygotes, the amount of control therapy corresponded the third and fourth therapy stages according to GINA criteria. In the group of moderate and severe BA, the number of heterozygotes for the A6986G polymorphic marker of the CYP3A5 gene was statistically higher compared to the group of children with mild BA (p = 0,048).

Conclusion. Thus, we identified a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of heterozygotes for the A6986G polymorphism of the CYP3A5 gene between groups of children with mild asthma and patients with moderate and severe asthma. The AG genotype and the presence of the A allele (CYP3A5 gene (A6986G)) are associated with more severe BA and the need for more anti-inflammatory therapy.
Children after Caesarean section: how to improve their adaptation and reduce the risk of pathological conditions
Authors: Kholodova I. N. , Zaidenvarg G. E. , Goryainova A. N.
Published: July 2019

In the article, the authors cite modern data on the frequency of Caesarean section in obstetric practice, report the peculiarities of adaptation of children born by Caesarean section surgery, which is characterized by a high frequency of borderline conditions, pathological loss of body weight, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, higher morbidity in the subsequent period. In addition, the authors note that mothers of these children are more likely to have hypogalactia, which is largely responsible for impaired adaptation in infants and their transfer to artificial feeding. Referring to the published works, the authors offer various options to improve the process of adaptation in this contingent of children.
The capability of chest computed tomography in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia outcomes in premature infants
Authors: Pavlinova E. B. , Kirshina I. A. , Sakhipova G. A. , Gorlina A. Yu. , Savchenko O. A. , Vlasenko N. Yu. , Kurmasheva E. I. , Safonova T. I. , Safronova T. V.
Published: July 2019

Purpose of the study was to establish clinical and radiological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) outcomes in children. Materials and methods. A prospective follow-up study of 132 premature infants with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) was analyzed. BPD was developed in 66 cases. At a late childhood, clinical and radiological outcomes of the transferred conditions were diagnosed on the basis of anamnesis, clinical examination, and results of chest computed tomography (CT). Results. Clinical recovery was observed significantly more frequently in the outcome of IRDS without BPD development (69.6% versus 31.8% in the case of BPD development). In patients with BPD in the anamnesis, the odds ratio of asthma developed in the late childhood was 5.304 times higher than in children who had IRDS. The majority (62 cases, 93.9%) of children who had IRDS did not have structural changes in lung tissue according to CT (p = 0.000), 21 (31.8%) children with BPD had abnormal CT. In BPD, typical radiological findings were hypoattenuated lung areas (p = 0.020) and areas of pulmonary fibrosis (p = 0.016). Conclusion. Chest CT could be assigned to the patients with BPD in the anamnesis to assess lung tissue structural changes and diagnose outcomes of the disease.
Modern combined plant remedies in pulmonologist’s practice
Authors: Minernitsky Yu. L. , Sulaymanov Sh. A.
Published: July 2019

The article deals with topical issues of secretolytic therapy for coughing in adults and children. Special attention is paid to modern herbal expectorants produced at high-tech pharmaceutical production, which has a certificate of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice). Today these are well studied products containing extracts of thyme, primrose and ivy, the mechanisms of action of which are well studied in vivo and in vitro studies. Among these herbal medicines, one of the well studied is Bronchipret®. Its high clinical efficacy and good tolerability of treatment for adults and children is shown in large multicenter studies, including those performed according to the «gold standard» of evidence-based medicine, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled.
Treatment of respiratory diseases with inhalation patches
Authors: Starostina L S.
Published: July 2019

The high incidence of respiratory infections at an early age requires constant attention of doctors of various specialties. It should be born in mind that the development of the respiratory tract in young children has unique features, and that different drugs can have different effects on the mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium. Also take into account the possibility of using different ways drugs can be administered to prevent and treat respiratory infections with due account for the age of the child, the effectiveness of action and adverse events risk reduction.
The Contribution of the Infill Walls to the Lateral Strength of Concrete Frames
Authors: Christou Petros , Venizelou Christos
Published: July 2019

Background:

Recent research studies conclude that the contribution of the infill walls to the overall lateral strength of frames is significant. The current state of the art includes two main approaches for the idealization of the behavior of the infill walls and their implementation in software. Micro modelling includes the use of the finite element method whereas the macro modelling, includes the use of one-dimensional compressive diagonal strut elements to replace the infill wall and provide the equivalent lateral stiffness.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare various methods for the simulation of the infill walls with the finite element method and propose an alternative approach which makes use of the rigid end offset which is a feature available in most of the finite element software.

Methods:

A reinforced concrete frame model with an infill wall was created. The model was modified to form combinations of infill wall thicknesses and values of Young’s modulus. The models were analyzed using the finite element method. The results were utilized to develop equations for the calculation of the length of rigid end offsets for the beams and columns of the frame. The rigid end offsets were then used in the analysis to numerically stiffen the frame and simulate an effective lateral strength contribution from the infill wall.

Results:

The results of the implementation of the rigid end offsets to simulate the contribution of the infill walls to the lateral stiffness of the frame were compared to the results of the results from the finite element analysis. Specifically, the results for the walls normally found in construction (less or equal to 3m in height and with thickness less or equal to 25cm) showed a very good agreement while the remaining results were very close.

Conclusion:

This work proposes equations for calculation of the length for the rigid end offsets which can be used in the analysis of frames with infill walls. The results show that the utilization of this feature from the structural analysis software in the analysis of frames, results in adequate stiffening of the overall frame, thus, providing an equivalent stiffness which accounts for the presence of the infill walls.
Сравнительный анализ характеристик термофотовольтаических преобразователей на основе структур p-InAsSbP/n-InAs, облучаемых со стороны p- и n-типа проводимости
Authors: Матвеев Б.А. , Ратушный В.И. , Рыбальченко А.Ю.
Published: July 2019

The basic characteristics of thermophotovoltaic converters based on p-InAsSbP/n-InAs heterostructures with a limited area contact to the p-InAsSbP irradiated layer and a flip chip with radiation input through the contact-free surface of the n+-InAs substrate were simulated. The influence of design features on the temperature of the active region and on the efficiency of the converter is shown.
Исследование плазмонно-связанной флуоресценции родамина 6Ж на тонких никелевых пленках
Authors: Дмитриев А.Д. , Салецкий А.М.
Published: July 2019

The plasmon-coupled luminescence of rhodamine 6G dye molecules on a thin nickel film was experimentally and theoretically studied. The spatial distribution of the fluorescence of dye molecules, calculated using the transfer matrix method for the description of plane-layered media, agrees well with the experimental diagrams obtained for the spatial distribution of radiation of different polarization. The efficiency of the coupling of the fluorophor with the plasmons of a nickel film has been experimentally established.
Спектрально улучшенная квантовая память на контролируемой частотной гребенке
Authors: Перминов Н.С. , Таранкова Д.Ю. , Моисеев С.А.
Published: July 2019

We propose a scheme of a universal block of broadband quantum memory consisting of three ring microresonators forming a controllable frequency comb and interacting with each other and with a common waveguide. We find the optimal parameters of the microresonators showing the possibility of highly efficient storage of light fields on this memory block and we demonstrate the procedure for gluing several memory blocks for increasing spectral range of the composite quantum memory while maintaining high efficiency.
Latvian Digital Diplomacy—Approaches and Policy
Authors: Savickis Mr Silvestrs
Published: July 2019

Changing the habits of information consumption and the presence of digital communication in society necessitates also the national diplomatic services to adapt to the new challenges and use of digital communication channels. The aim of the study is to find out the development of the implementation of digital diplomacy tools in the diplomatic service of Latvia and the influence of institutional factors in the mentioned processes.Study of publicly available documents regulating the communications process were carried out and direct interviews with the management of the MFA Communication Directorate were executed.According to the study findings, digital diplomacy is regulated by the general procedures of public administration as well as the MFA Communication Strategy, which establishes the general principles of communication and relationship building with stakeholders.MFA is aware of the importance of digital diplomacy and the need to develop this direction, but more exigent activity is limited because of other diplomatic service priorities. The limited institutional capacity and the available financial and human resources limit the implementation of these processes in a short time period, thus possibly losing the competition to the countries with similar historical, political and socio-economic level of development in the battlefield of public diplomacy.
Mapa da Persona Organizacional como estratégia de mapeamento de públicos em relações públicas
Authors: Sturmer Adriana , Pinheiro Cristiano Max Pereira , Leão Luana , Souza Mikaela De
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo empregar o conceito de personas de forma convergente às conceituações de públicos de interesse em relações públicas, tendo como resultado final a construção de um Mapa da Persona Organizacional. O artigo constitui uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa. A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o Mapa foi estruturado conforme a Análise SWOT (HUMPHREY, 2005), Canvas do Modelo de Negócio (OSTERWALDER, 2011) e Canvas da Comunicação (FEIJÓ, 2016). Também possui etapas inspiradas em modelos de questionários para construção de personas proposto pela Hubspot (2017). O Mapa da Persona Organizacional possibilita o conhecimento aprofundado a respeito de todos os públicos de uma organização, em uma tentativa de tornar tangível a abordagem das relações públicas sobre públicos de interesse e construir, a partir do desenho de personas arquetípicas, um caminho para construção de relacionamento através de ações de comunicação.Palavras-chave: Mapa da Persona Organizaconal. Personas. Públicos de interesse. Relações públicas.