bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Video Head Impulse Testing With Rotary Chair in Pediatric Patients: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhou Guangwei , Yun Alice , Wang Alicia , Brodsky Jacob R.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy of video head impulse testing (VHIT) in detecting vestibular loss in pediatric patients with abnormal rotary chair testing, compared to a control group with normal rotary chair testing.

Study Design

Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial.

Setting

Pediatric vestibular program at tertiary level children's hospital.

Methods

Patients 3 to 18 years of age were recruited to undergo VHIT and rotary chair testing between September 2015 and November 2022. VHIT results were compared between an experimental group of 23 patients with vestibular symptoms and abnormal rotary chair testing results versus a control group of 14 patients without vestibular symptoms and with normal rotary chair testing results.

Results

The experimental group demonstrated reduced mean VHIT gain for the lateral semicircular canals (right = 0.83; left = 0.75) relative to the control group (right = 1.04, P = .005; left = 0.98, P < .001), but there was no significant difference between groups in superior and posterior canal responses. Among controls, there were no significant differences in mean gain values for each canal plane between age groups (3‐7, 8‐12, and 13‐18 years) or between genders. A VHIT lateral canal gain value <0.85 and/or corrective saccades demonstrated 100% specificity and 100% positive predictive value for detecting vestibular loss on rotary chair, but only 69.6% sensitivity and 66.7% negative predictive value.

Conclusion

VHIT is a useful test for detecting impairment of the lateral semicircular canals in children, though its sensitivity is limited relative to rotary chair. Its role in detecting vertical canal dysfunction in pediatric patients may be more limited and warrants further study.
Improving Operating Room Efficiency in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hathi Kalpesh , Nam You Sung (Jon) , Fowler James , Dishan Brad , Madou Edward , Sowerby Leigh J. , MacNeil S. Danielle , Nichols Anthony C. , Strychowsky Julie E.
Published: May 2024

Objective

One minute of operating room (OR) time costs $36 to 37. However, ORs are notoriously inefficient. There is growing literature on improving OR efficiency, but no formal review of this topic within otolaryngology has been performed. This study reviews and synthesizes the current literature on improving OR efficiency within otolaryngology.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, preprints.org, and medRxiv were searched on November 4, 2022.

Review Methods

Published English studies were included if they reported on metrics for improving OR efficiency within otolaryngology. There were no publication date restrictions. Articles were screened by 2 reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis reporting for scoping reviews was followed.

Results

The search yielded 9316 no‐duplicate articles; 129 articles were included. Most of the studies reported on head and neck procedures (n = 52/129). The main tactics included surgical considerations: hemostatic devices, techniques, and team/simultaneous approaches; anesthetic considerations: local anesthetic and laryngeal mask airways; procedure location considerations: procedures outside of the OR and remote technologies; standardization: equipment, checklists, and personnel; scheduling considerations: use of machine learning for booking, considering patient/surgeon factors, and utilizing dedicated OR time/multidisciplinary teams for on‐call cases.

Conclusion

The current literature brings to attention numerous strategies for improving OR efficiency within otolaryngology. Applying these strategies and implementing novel techniques to manage surgical cases may assist in offloading overloaded health care systems and improving access to care while facilitating patient safety and outcomes. Anticipated barriers to implementation include resistance to change, funding, and the current strain on health care systems and providers.
Caring for children with cancer evacuated from Ukraine: The patients’ perception
Authors: Bolognese Marcello , Massimino Maura , Cabibbe Daniele , Zecca Marco , Fornara Marta , Armiraglio Mariangela , Kyzima Roman , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Casanova Michela , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Podda Marta , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Chiaravalli Stefano , Puma Nadia , Hovsepyan Shushan , Bergamaschi Luca , Gattuso Giovanna , Nigro Olga , Grampa Paolo , Adduci Annarita , Ferrari Andrea , Clerici Carlo Alfredo
Published: May 2024

Background and aims

Since the beginning of the war in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, many pediatric oncology centers welcomed evacuated patients. To better understanding the needs of patients and families arriving at two Lombardy hospitals in the period March to November 2022, an anonymous questionnaire investigated the families’ backgrounds, feelings, and impressions about hospitality and care.

Methods

Twenty questions investigated how patients had reached Italy, from whom they had received help (logistically/financially); the emotions regarding their status as war refugees; the knowledge, expectations, and opinions about Italy and Italians; the quality of medical care received and the relationships with the healthcare staff; lastly, suggestions to improve assistance.

Results

The questionnaires were completed by 19/32 patients/parents in November 2022 in two different pediatric‐oncology centers. Most families had reached Italy (58%) and received medical care (95%) with the help of charities and the Italian Public Health Care System. A significant majority (69%) expressed satisfaction with the assistance provided. The Italian population demonstrated remarkable warmth, for 95% exhibiting friendliness and for 58% generosity. An improvement in their stay could be linked with the positive outcome of their children's cancer (15%), achieving complete family reunification (15%), the cessation of the conflict (10%), and the overcoming of language barriers (10%).

Conclusions

Providing care for children from another country, not only grappling with the trauma of fleeing their homeland but also battling cancer, is an immense undertaking. It demands a diverse range of efforts and resources to ensure a positive and fulfilling outcome for this experience.
Efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi against Philaenus spumarius, the vector of Xylella fastidosa
Authors: Ganassi Sonia , Di Domenico Carmela , Altomare Claudio , Grazioso Pasqualina , Di Cillo Pardo , Pietrantonio Laura , De Cristofaro Antonio
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Xylella fastidiosa is an important causative agent of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in the Apulia region of Italy. The current study evaluated the bioefficacy of three entomopathogenic fungal strains: Beauveria bassiana SGB7004, Metarhizium robertsii SGB1K, and Akanthomyces lecanii SGB4711 against Philaenus spumarius the main vector of this pathogen, under laboratory conditions. Pathogenicity bioassays were performed by dipping nymphs and adults of P. spumarius in an aqueous suspension of powdered fungal culture (PFC) or conidial suspension (CS) of the three fungal strains.

RESULTS

Both B. bassiana SGB7004 and M. robertsii SGB1K affected the viability of nymphs, resulting in more than 80% mortality at 48 h post treatment, while the effect of A. lecanii SGB4711 was not statistically significant. On adults, all three biocontrol strains were effective in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner. The PFCs of B. bassiana SGB7004, M. robertsii SGB1K, and A. lecanii SGB4711 at the highest concentration tested (120 mg mL−1) resulted in 97%, 83% and 27% mortality at the trial endpoint (120 h), respectively. Mycelial growth was observed on 38.5%, 37.0% and 61.5% of dead insects treated with B. bassiana SGB7004 (2.3 × 108 CFU mL−1), M. robertsii SGB1K (3.8 × 106 CFU mL−1) and A. lecanii SGB4711 (5.4 × 108 CFU mL−1), respectively. None of the PFCs of the tested strains was pathogenic when injected into nymph spittle.

CONCLUSIONS

Beauveria bassiana SGB7004 and M. robertsii SGB1K significantly affected the survival of P. spumarius nymphs and adults, while A. lecanii SGB4711 was not effective on nymphs and only slightly effective against adults. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Threshold Voltage Modulation and Gate Leakage Suppression of Enhancement‐Mode GaN HEMT by Metal/Insulator/p‐GaN Gate Structure
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Liu Kai , Li Shuang , Wang Chong , Ma Xiaohua , Zheng Xuefeng , Li Ang , Zhang Wentao , Hao Yue
Published: May 2024

Herein, a metal/insulator/p‐GaN gate HEMT (MIP‐HEMT) with Si3N4 gate dielectric layer is fabricated. Compared to the conventional p‐GaN HEMT, the MIP‐HEMT has a higher threshold voltage (Vth) of 4.8 V and better gate leakage suppression. The mechanism of threshold voltage increase in MIP‐HEMT is elucidated through an analysis of the electric field distribution in the gate region and the proposed gate capacitance model. Furthermore, MIP‐HEMTs with gate dielectric layers of varying dielectric constants and thicknesses are designed and simulated. The obtained results lead to the derivation of an empirical formula for the threshold voltage of the MIP‐HEMT under ideal dielectric/p‐GaN interface conditions, in relation to the dielectric constant and thickness of the gate dielectric layer. Additionally, simulations are conducted on the MIP‐HEMT incorporating fixed charges at the dielectric/p‐GaN interface, and the impact of interface charges is investigated. This refinement enables a more accurate prediction of the MIP‐HEMT's threshold voltage. Conclusively, MIP‐HEMTs can effectively modulate the threshold voltage by manipulating the parameters of the gate dielectric layer, thereby extending the threshold voltage range of conventional enhancement‐mode devices.
A Stimulus‐Responsive Ternary Heterojunction Boosting Oxidative Stress, Cuproptosis for Melanoma Therapy
Authors: Huang Yuqi , Chen Cheng , Tan Huarong , Dong Shuqing , Ren Yiping , Chao Minghao , Yan Hanrong , Yan Xiang , Jiang Guan , Gao Fenglei
Published: May 2024

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered copper‐dependent cell death, presents significant potential for the development of copper‐based nanoparticles to induce cuproptosis in cancer therapy. Herein, a unique ternary heterojunction, denoted as HACT, composed of core–shell Au@Cu2O nanocubes with surface‐deposited Titanium Dioxide quantum dots and modified with hyaluronic acid is introduced. Compared to core–shell AC NCs, the TiO2/Au@Cu2O exhibits improved energy structure optimization, successfully separating electron‐hole pairs for redox use. This optimization results in a more rapid generation of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals triggering oxidative stress under ultrasound radiation. Furthermore, the HACT NCs initiate cuproptosis by Fenton‐like reaction and acidic environment, leading to the sequential release of cupric and cuprous ions. This accumulation of copper induces the aggregation of lipoylated proteins and reduces iron‐sulfur proteins, ultimately initiating cuproptosis. More importantly, HACT NCs show a tendency to selectively target cancer cells, thereby granting them a degree of biosecurity. This report introduces a ternary heterojunction capable of triggering both cuproptosis and oxidative stress‐related combination therapy in a stimulus‐responsive manner. It can energize efforts to develop effective melanoma treatment strategies using Cu‐based nanoparticles through rational design.
Erhöhung der Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Hohlprofil‐K‐Knoten mittels formoptimierter Knotenbleche
Authors: Herion Stefan , Ladendorf Philipp , Dürr André , Winkler Matthias
Published: May 2024

Die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Tragwerken aus rechteckigen (RHS) und kreisförmigen Hohlprofilen (CHS) ist durch inhomogene Steifigkeitsverteilungen in den Verbindungsbereichen von Streben und Gurten gekennzeichnet, die zu hohen Spannungskonzentrationsfaktoren (SCF) führen. Mithilfe dieser SCFs in Verbindung mit Ermüdungsfestigkeitskurven kann ihre Lebensdauer abgeschätzt werden. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts FOSTA P1442 wurden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit an K‐Knoten aus hochfesten Hohlprofilen mit formoptimierten Knotenblechen durchgeführt. Durch den Einsatz von Knotenblechen wird die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von K‐Verbindungen erhöht, indem die Lage des Hotspots in Bereiche mit geringeren Spannungen verlagert wird. Zu diesem Zweck wurden drei verschiedene Knotenblechgeometrien an unterschiedlichen RHS‐ bzw. CHS‐Geometrien untersucht. Der SCF der drei Knotenblechgeometrien wird mit dem SCF herkömmlicher K‐Knoten auf Grundlage der numerischen Untersuchungen verglichen. Abschließend wird eine Empfehlung für den praktischen Einsatz der Knotenblechgeometrien ausgesprochen.
Effect of fly ash and gypsum on drying shrinkage and mechanical properties of one‐part alkali‐activated slag mortar
Authors: Chen Haiming , Zhang Yadong , Chen Jie , Qin Ziguang , Wu Peng
Published: May 2024

One‐part alkali‐activated materials can be processed into semi‐finished products by mixing a solid activator with the powder. They only require the addition of water, which greatly improves their commercial feasibility. So, we used one‐part alkali‐activated slag mortar to investigate the effects of the dosages of the activator (sodium metasilicate), fly ash (FA), and gypsum on its fluidity, flexural strength, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage. The microscopic mechanisms of the mortar were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray diffraction. The below conclusions were drawn. First, the drying shrinkage and compressive strength of the mortar gradually increased with the increase of the activator dosage. Second, the drying shrinkage of the mortar initially decreased and then increased as increasing FA substitution, while the compressive strength decreased gradually in the early stage and then increased and decreased in the later stage. Lastly, by increasing the gypsum dosage, the drying shrinkage of the mortar was significantly reduced. However, the compressive strength gradually decreased. Besides, when adding 20% of FA and 2.4% of gypsum, it was found that ettringite, which underwent expansion, formed in the system. This not only reduced the drying shrinkage by 25.3% but also increased the compressive strength by 1.3%. Furthermore, our investigation has led to the development of a low‐shrinkage one‐part alkali‐activated slag and FA mortar, which not only facilitates the recycling of solid waste materials but also presents commendable environmental and economic advantages.
Quantitative systems pharmacology‐based exploration of relevant anti‐amyloid therapy challenges in clinical practice
Authors: Geerts Hugo , Bergeler Silke , Walker Mike , Rose Rachel H. , van der Graaf Piet H.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Addressing practical challenges in clinical practice after the recent approvals of amyloid antibodies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) will benefit more patients. However, generating these answers using clinical trials or real‐world evidence is not practical, nor feasible.

METHODS

Here we use a Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) computational model of amyloid aggregation dynamics, well validated with clinical data on biomarkers and amyloid‐related imaging abnormality–edema (ARIA‐E) liability of six amyloid antibodies in clinical trials to explore various clinical practice challenges.

RESULTS

Treatment duration to reach amyloid negativity ranges from 12 to 44, 16 to 40, and 6 to 20 months for lecanemab, aducanumab, and donanemab, respectively, for baseline central amyloid values between 50 and 200 Centiloids (CL). Changes in plasma cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 and the plasma Aβ42/ Aβ40 ratio—fluid biomarkers to detect central amyloid negativity—is greater for lecanemab than for aducanumab and donanemab, indicating that these fluid amyloid biomarkers are only suitable for lecanemab. After reaching amyloid negativity an optimal maintenance schedule consists of a 24‐month, 48‐month and 64‐month interval for 10 mg/kg (mpk) lecanemab, 10 mpk aducanumab, and 20 mpk donanemab, respectively, to keep central amyloid negative for 10 years. Cumulative ARIA‐E liability could be reduced to almost half by introducing a drug holiday in the first months. For patients experiencing ARIA‐E, restarting treatment with a conservative titration strategy resulted in an additional delay ranging between 3 and 4 months (donanemab), 5 months (lecanemab), and up to 7 months (aducanumab) for reaching amyloid negativity, depending upon the timing of the incident. Clinical trial designs for Down syndrome patients suggested the same rank order for central amyloid reduction, but higher ARIA‐E liability especially for donanemab, which can be significantly mitigated by adopting a longer titration period.

DISCUSSION

This QSP platform could support clinical practice challenges to optimize real‐world treatment paradigms for new and existing amyloid drugs.
On the worldsheet S matrix of the AdS3/CFT2 mixed-flux mirror model
Authors: Baglioni Nicola , Polvara Davide , Pone Andrea , Sfondrini Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Abstract

String on AdS3 × S3 × T4 backgrounds are known to be classically integrable in the presence of a mixture of Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz-Neveu-Schwarz fluxes. It is expected that this results in the existence of a well-defined factorised worldsheet S matrix. In order to use integrability to compute the string spectrum we need such a factorised S matrix to exist also for the “mirror” model, obtained by a double Wick rotation of the original worldsheet theory. In the mixed-flux case the mirror model has a complex Hamiltonian, which raises questions on its well-definedness. In the paper we study the worldsheet tree-level S matrix of the original and mirror model and discuss some necessary conditions for the integrability and reality of the spectrum.
Coeliac disease and type 2 diabetes risk: a nationwide matched cohort and Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Leffler Dan , Lebwohl Benjamin , Green Peter H. R. , Sun Jiangwei , Carlsson Sofia , Larsson Susanna C. , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: May 2024

Aims/hypothesis

While the association between coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes is well documented, the association of coeliac disease with type 2 diabetes risk remains undetermined. We conducted a nationwide cohort and Mendelian randomisation analysis to investigate this link.

Methods

This nationwide matched cohort used data from the Swedish ESPRESSO cohort including 46,150 individuals with coeliac disease and 219,763 matched individuals in the comparator group selected from the general population, followed up from 1969 to 2021. Data from 9053 individuals with coeliac disease who underwent a second biopsy were used to examine the association between persistent villous atrophy and type 2 diabetes. Multivariable Cox regression was employed to estimate the associations. In Mendelian randomisation analysis, 37 independent genetic variants associated with clinically diagnosed coeliac disease at p<5×10−8 were used to proxy genetic liability to coeliac disease. Summary-level data for type 2 diabetes were obtained from the DIAGRAM consortium (80,154 cases) and the FinnGen study (42,593 cases).

Results

Over a median 15.7 years’ follow-up, there were 6132 (13.3%) and 30,138 (13.7%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes in people with coeliac disease and comparator individuals, respectively. Those with coeliac disease were not at increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes with an HR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.97, 1.03) compared with comparator individuals. Persistent villous atrophy was not associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with mucosal healing among participants with coeliac disease (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90, 1.16). Genetic liability to coeliac disease was not associated with type 2 diabetes in DIAGRAM (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99, 1.03) or in FinnGen (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99–1.04).

Conclusions/interpretation

Coeliac disease was not associated with type 2 diabetes risk.

Graphical Abstract
In vivo demonstration of globotriaosylceramide brain accumulation in Fabry Disease using MR Relaxometry
Authors: Pontillo Giuseppe , Tranfa Mario , Scaravilli Alessandra , Monti Serena , Capuano Ivana , Riccio Eleonora , Rizzo Manuela , Brunetti Arturo , Palma Giuseppe , Pisani Antonio , Cocozza Sirio
Published: May 2024

Purpose

How to measure brain globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation in Fabry Disease (FD) patients in-vivo is still an open challenge. The objective of this study is to provide a quantitative, non-invasive demonstration of this phenomenon using quantitative MRI (qMRI).

Methods

In this retrospective, monocentric cross-sectional study conducted from November 2015 to July 2018, FD patients and healthy controls (HC) underwent an MRI scan with a relaxometry protocol to compute longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) maps to evaluate gray (GM) and white matter (WM) lipid accumulation. In a subgroup of 22 FD patients, clinical (FAbry STabilization indEX -FASTEX- score) and biochemical (residual α-galactosidase activity) variables were correlated with MRI data. Quantitative maps were analyzed at both global (“bulk” analysis) and regional (“voxel-wise” analysis) levels.

Results

Data were obtained from 42 FD patients (mean age = 42.4 ± 12.9, M/F = 16/26) and 49 HC (mean age = 42.3 ± 16.3, M/F = 28/21). Compared to HC, FD patients showed a widespread increase in R1 values encompassing both GM (pFWE = 0.02) and WM (pFWE = 0.02) structures. While no correlations were found between increased R1 values and FASTEX score, a significant negative correlation emerged between residual enzymatic activity levels and R1 values in GM (r = -0.57, p = 0.008) and WM (r = -0.49, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility and clinical relevance of non-invasively assessing cerebral Gb3 accumulation in FD using MRI. R1 mapping might be used as an in-vivo quantitative neuroimaging biomarker in FD patients.
Cardiac and Liver Fibrosis Assessed by Multiparametric MRI in Patients with Fontan Circulation
Authors: Innocenzi Adriana , Rangel Isabela , Póvoa-Corrêa Mariana , Parente Daniella Braz , Perez Renata , Rodrigues Rosana Souza , Fukuyama Lúcia Tomoko , Barroso Julia Machado , Oliveira Neto Jaime Araújo , Silvestre de Sousa Andréa , Luiz Ronir Raggio , Barbosa Rosa Célia Pimentel , Camargo Gabriel Cordeiro , Moll-Bernardes Renata
Published: May 2024

The abnormal hemodynamics in Fontan circulation due to persistently increased systemic venous pressure results in hepatic venous congestion and Fontan-associated liver disease. Combined assessment of cardiac and liver fibrosis and cardiac remodeling using multiparametric MRI in this context have not been fully explored. To evaluate cardiac and liver fibrosis and cardiac remodeling using multiparametric MRI in patients who have undergone Fontan procedures. Thirty-eight patients and 23 controls underwent cardiac and liver MRI examinations in a 3.0-T scanner. Mann–Whitney, Fisher exact test, and Spearman’s correlation were applied to evaluate myocardial volumes, function, native cardiac and liver T1 mapping, ECVs and liver stiffness. The mean native cardiac T1 value (p = 0.018), cardiac ECV (p < 0.001), liver native T1 (p < 0.001), liver ECV (p < 0.001), and liver stiffness (p < 0.001) were higher in patients than controls. The indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVi) correlated with the myocardial ECV (r = 0.356; p = 0.033), native liver T1 (r = 0.571; p < 0.001), and with liver stiffness (r = 0.391; p = 0.015). In addition, liver stiffness correlated with liver ECV (r = 0.361; p = 0.031) and native liver T1 (r = 0.458; p = 0.004). An association between cardiac remodeling and cardiac and liver fibrosis were found in this population. The usefulness of MRI to follow cardiac and liver involvement in these patients is critical to improve treatment strategies and to prevent the need for combined liver and heart transplantation.
Improving the mechanical and abrasion properties of silica-reinforced styrene-butadiene rubber composites by optimizing the concentrations of compatibilizers
Authors: Sayfo Petra , Pölöskei Kornél , Mészáros László
Published: May 2024

Silica (chemical formula SiO2) is a promising, more environmentally friendly alternative to carbon black (CB) used in the rubber industry as a filler. Although silica is already used in rubber products, it is not used as extensively as CB because the polar surface of silica cannot interact well with the apolar polymer molecules of the most frequently used rubbers. To solve this problem, experts have tried different grafting methods and several coupling agents for a stronger silica-elastomer connection. In this article, we used bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] tetrasulfide (TESPT) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) combined to improve the connection between the surface of silica and the apolar styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix. We examined mechanical and structural properties and found that adding 3 phr PEG and 4.5 phr TESPT to SBR is optimal for 60 phr silica content. This ratio of additives resulted in a 48% improvement in tensile strength. The positive effect of the coupling agents shows up in abrasion mass loss and tear strength as well.
The influence of APOEε4 on the pTau interactome in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Thierry Manon , Ponce Jackeline , Martà-Ariza Mitchell , Askenazi Manor , Faustin Arline , Leitner Dominique , Pires Geoffrey , Kanshin Evgeny , Drummond Eleanor , Ueberheide Beatrix , Wisniewski Thomas
Published: May 2024

APOEε4 is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although APOEε4 is known to promote Aβ pathology, recent data also support an effect of APOE polymorphism on phosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathology. To elucidate these potential effects, the pTau interactome was analyzed across APOE genotypes in the frontal cortex of 10 advanced AD cases (n = 5 APOEε3/ε3 and n = 5 APOEε4/ε4), using a combination of anti-pTau pS396/pS404 (PHF1) immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry (MS). This proteomic approach was complemented by an analysis of anti-pTau PHF1 and anti-Aβ 4G8 immunohistochemistry, performed in the frontal cortex of 21 advanced AD cases (n = 11 APOEε3/ε3 and n = 10 APOEε4/ε4). Our dataset includes 1130 and 1330 proteins enriched in IPPHF1 samples from APOEε3/ε3 and APOEε4/ε4 groups (fold change ≥ 1.50, IPPHF1vs IPIgG ctrl). We identified 80 and 68 proteins as probable pTau interactors in APOEε3/ε3 and APOEε4/ε4 groups, respectively (SAINT score ≥ 0.80; false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 5%). A total of 47/80 proteins were identified as more likely to interact with pTau in APOEε3/ε3 vs APOEε4/ε4 cases. Functional enrichment analyses showed that they were significantly associated with the nucleoplasm compartment and involved in RNA processing. In contrast, 35/68 proteins were identified as more likely to interact with pTau in APOEε4/ε4 vs APOEε3/ε3 cases. They were significantly associated with the synaptic compartment and involved in cellular transport. A characterization of Tau pathology in the frontal cortex showed a higher density of plaque-associated neuritic crowns, made of dystrophic axons and synapses, in APOEε4 carriers. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was more frequent and severe in APOEε4/ε4 cases. Our study supports an influence of APOE genotype on pTau-subcellular location in AD. These results suggest a facilitation of pTau progression to Aβ-affected brain regions in APOEε4 carriers, paving the way to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Intermediate-term impact on corneal endothelial cells and efficacy of Preserflo MicroShunt implantation in patients with open-angle glaucoma – a prospective study over two years
Authors: Gassel Caroline J. , Wenzel Daniel A. , Nasyrov Emil , Strasser Torsten , Voykov Bogomil
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Preserflo MicroShunt is a novel microinvasive bleb forming device for the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. The intermediate- and long-term success and the impact of this procedure on corneal endothelial cell density remain to be investigated.

Methods

In this prospective observational study, 62 eyes of 55 glaucoma patients (mean age ± SD: 67.0 ± 15.0 years) receiving a Preserflo MicroShunt were included. Corneal endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure and best corrected visual acuity were assessed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively. Success rates, bleb revision rates and complications were analysed. Complete success was defined as an intraocular pressure reduction of ≥ 20% and achieving a target pressure of ≤ 18, ≤ 15 or ≤ 12 mmHg without antiglaucoma medication. Qualified success indicated that the criteria were reached with or without medication.

Results

Corneal endothelial cells showed no significant decline over 24 months (p > 0.05). Intraocular pressure showed a substantial reduction postoperatively (p < 0.001), decreasing from 29.6 ± 8,3 mmHg to 13.0 ± 4.3 mmHg after 24 months (p < 0.001). Complete and qualified success with a target pressure ≤ 15 mmHg was achieved in 52.9% and 54.6% of cases after 24 months, respectively. Best corrected visual acuity did not change after 24 months.

Conclusion

Preserflo MicroShunt had no negative side effects on corneal endothelial cells and showed favourable success rates after 2 years in patients with open-angle glaucoma.
Long-term weight loss of distal gastric bypass is moderately superior compared to proximal gastric bypass in patients with a BMI of 37–44 Kg/m2
Authors: Cereser Teresa , Heil Jan , Schöb Othmar , Schlumpf Rolf , Gantert Walter A. , Infanger David , Böckmann Michael , Beissner Philippe , Bach-Kliegel Birgit , Potoczna Natascha , Schiesser Marc
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is one of the standard procedures in metabolic surgery. Different limb lengths have been proposed in the past to maximize weight loss (WL) and reduce metabolic complications. Distal gastric bypass surgery with a very short common channel (CC) (up to 100 cm) has been often criticized due to frequent side effects such as malnutrition, bone weakening and short-bowel syndrome. We introduced a modified version of a distal LRYGB with a 50–70 cm long biliopancreatic limb (BPL) and an intermediate short CC (120–150 cm). Our primary goal was to compare the long-term WL between distal and proximal LRYGB in two cohorts of patients. Secondary outcomes were weight regain (WR), insufficient weight loss (IWL), postoperative complications and metabolic changes 5 years after surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective study we collected data from 160 patients operated between 2014 and 2015, with a BMI of 37–44 Kg/m2. 101 patients underwent a distal and 59 patients a proximal LRYGB in two bariatric centers. WL was calculated as percent of excess of BMI loss (%EBMIL), loss of body mass index (Delta-BMI), percent of excess weight loss (%EWL) and percent of total weight loss (%TWL). Data were collected 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months after surgery.

Results

The distal LRYGB resulted in significantly better 5-year-WL compared to the proximal bypass in terms of %EBMIL (median at 5 years: 83% vs. 65%, p = 0.001), %TWL (median at 5 years: 32% vs. 26%, p = 0.017) and %EWL (median at 5 years: 65% vs. 51%, p = 0.029), with equal major complications and metabolic alterations. In addition, WR was significantly lower in patients with distal bypass (18% vs. 35%, p = 0.032).

Conclusions

Distal LYRGB with a 120–150 long CC results in better WL and WL-maintenance compared to proximal LRYGB without major side effects after five years.
Predictive models for treated clayey soils using waste powdered glass and expanded polystyrene beads using regression analysis and artificial neural network
Authors: Akis E. , Cigdem O. Y.
Published: May 2024

Waste materials contribute to a wide range of environmental and economic problems. To minimize their effects, a safe strategy for reducing such negative impact is required. Recycling and reusing waste materials have proved to be effective measures in this respect. In this study, an eco-friendly treatment is investigated based on using waste powdered glass (WGP) and EPS beads (EPSb) as mechanical and chemical admixers in soils. For this purpose, Atterberg limit, standard proctor, free swell, and unconfined compression tests are performed on soil samples with different ratios of waste materials at their optimum moisture contents. The obtained test results indicate that adding WGP to cohesive soils increases the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and reduces free swell (FS). In contrast, using EPSb reduces both FS and UCS of the treated soil samples. An optimum combination of both waste materials is determined for the improvement of the properties of high plasticity clay used in this study. Furthermore, multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods are used to predict the FS and UCS of the clayey soils based on the data obtained here and the experimental test results reported in the literature. Once the FS and UCS values of untreated soil and additive percentages are defined as independent variables, both methods are shown to predict the FS and UCS values of the treated soil samples on a satisfactory level with the coefficient of correlation ($${R}^{2}$$

R

2

) values greater than 0.926. Additionally, when only the index properties (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index) of the soil samples with waste materials are used as dependent variables, the $${R}^{2}$$

R

2

values obtained by the ANN method are 0.968 and 0.974 for FS and UCS, respectively. The results of the untreated soil samples' FS and UCS tests are known, and the linear regression and ANN techniques yield similar results. Lastly, the ANN method is used to predict the FS and UCS of the treated samples in accordance to the limited predictors (e.g., only the Atterberg limits of the soil sample).
Fast computation of General SimRank on heterogeneous information network
Authors: Zhang Chuanyan , Hong Xiaoguang , Zheng Yongqing
Published: May 2024

Similarity computation is a fundamental aspect of information network analysis, underpinning many research tasks including information retrieval, clustering, and recommendation systems. General SimRank (GSR), an extension of the well-known SimRank algorithm, effectively computes link-based global similarities incorporating semantic logic within heterogeneous information networks (HINs). However, GSR inherits the recursive nature of SimRank, making it computationally expensive to achieve convergence through iterative processes. While numerous rapid computation methods exist for SimRank, their direct application to GSR is impeded by differences in their underlying equations. To accelerate GSR computation, we introduce a novel approach based on linear systems. Specifically, we transform the pairwise surfer model of GSR on HINs into a new random walk model on a node-pair graph, establishing an equivalent linear system for GSR. We then develop a fast algorithm utilizing the local push technique to compute all-pair GSR scores with guaranteed accuracy. Additionally, we adapt the local push method for dynamic HINs and introduce a corresponding incremental algorithm. Experimental results on various real datasets demonstrate that our algorithms significantly outperform the traditional power method in both static and dynamic HIN contexts.
A Credibility Framework for Extreme Value-at-Risk
Authors: Mitic Peter
Published: May 2024

Value-at-risk estimates derived from extreme value data by fitting fat-tailed distributions can be so large that their validity is open to question. In this paper, an objective criterion, and a framework from which it was developed, are presented in order to decide whether or not a fitted distribution is inappropriate for the purpose of value-at-risk calculation. That criterion is based on established extreme value theory (principally the Pickands-Balkema-deHaan Theorem), which is used to calculate a sequence of reference value-at-risk estimates using Generalised Pareto distributions. Those estimates are used to develop a closed-form formula for calculating a theoretical ’maximum’ value-at-risk. The method is validated by generating 100 random data sets and testing them against the framework for varying input parameter values. Approximately 75% of those cases passed the validation test.
On a General Family of 2-Orthogonal Polynomial Eigenfunctions of a Third Order Differential Equation via Symbolic Computation
Authors: Mesquita Teresa Augusta
Published: May 2024

The search for 2-orthogonal polynomial eigenfunctions, with respect to a third order differential operator that does not increase the degree of polynomials, was recently developed in [23] by means of a symbolic approach. This work allowed us to establish some impossible cases as also to present a few families of such 2-orthogonal polynomial sequences. In this paper, we apply the symbolic setup proposed in [23] in order to enlighten us about further 2-orthogonal polynomial solutions of this problem. Concerning a general family inhere described, it is also proved its Hahn-classical character. Additionally, some functional identities are established.
Sensitivity of daily reference evapotranspiration to weather variables in tropical savanna: a modelling framework based on neural network
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev , Kumar Pravendra , Kishore Gottam , Ali Rawshan , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Kuriqi Alban , Pham Quoc Bao , Kisi Ozgur , Heddam Salim , Mattar Mohamed A.
Published: May 2024

Accurate prediction of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is crucial for many water-related fields, including crop modelling, hydrologic simulations, irrigation scheduling and sustainable water management. This study compares the performance of different soft computing models such as artificial neural network (ANN), wavelet-coupled ANN (WANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and multiple nonlinear regression (MNLR) for predicting ETo. The Gamma test technique was adopted to select the suitable input combination of meteorological variables. The performance of the models was quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated using several statistical criteria. The study showed that the ANN-10 model performed superior to the ANFIS-06, WANN-11 and MNLR models. The proposed ANN-10 model was more appropriate and efficient than the ANFIS-06, WANN-11 and MNLR models for predicting daily ETo. Solar radiation was found to be the most sensitive input variable. In contrast, actual vapour pressure was the least sensitive parameter based on sensitivity analysis.
Sustainability indicator for evaluating the ATES system in Halabja-Khurmal sub-basin NE-Iraq using GIS-based MCDA method
Authors: Rauf Lanja F. , Ali Salahalddin S. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Nordell Bo
Published: May 2024

Thermal energy is utilized as an environmentally friendly energy source for seasonal heat and cold storage on a global scale. Specifically, the aquifer thermal energy storage system is highlighted for being cost-effective in cooling and heating applications. The study assesses the sustainability of the aquifer thermal energy storage in the Halabja-Khurmal sub-basin by evaluating six critical criteria: groundwater transmissivity, groundwater temperature, groundwater discharge, groundwater chemistry, population density, and per capita GDP. A multi-criteria decision analysis judgment is applied to analyze all criteria, resulting in a consistency ratio of 0.3% in the analytical hierarchy process. Consequently, the sustainability map for Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage in the Halabja-Khurmal sub-basin for heating reveals that 26.45% of the area is strongly sustainable located in the north and southwestern part of the sub-basin, 73.53% is moderate in the east, central, southeast, and southern regions, 0.02% is weakly sustainable as a tiny area in the southwestern. On the other hand, the sustainability map for Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage in the Halabja-Khurmal sub-basin for cooling reveals that 19% of the area is strongly sustainable located in the north, and southwestern parts of the sub-basin, 78% is moderate in the northeast, east, southeast, west, central, and southern regions, 3% is weakly sustainable as spots in the west and southwestern areas.
An overview of fresh and mechanical properties of rubberized concrete
Authors: Saeed Najmadeen M. , Hassan Hogr Z.
Published: May 2024

The automotive industry's globalization and the widespread adoption of cars as primary transportation modes have spurred significant advancements in tire manufacturing. Consequently, a surplus of used tires has accumulated in recent years. Concurrently, there has been a shift towards evaluating tire life cycles and developing robust recycling and recovery programs. The potential for repurposing used tires as a valuable resource has become a critical consideration. In response to environmental concerns stemming from tire disposal, researchers have conducted numerous experiments exploring the effects of incorporating crushed rubber tires into concrete mixtures. These endeavors aim to enhance concrete properties while promoting sustainability through recycling. This burgeoning interest in "green concrete" production underscores the importance of investigating waste rubber's applications across various concrete types. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of waste rubber utilization in diverse concrete formulations. Drawing insights from 60 previous studies, the multifaceted impacts of rubber waste on concrete properties were elucidated. This investigation encompasses assessments of compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, density, elastic modulus, and workability parameters through slump, V-funnel, and L-box tests. Through this synthesis, we contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of incorporating waste rubber in concrete production, highlighting avenues for future research and practical implementation.
Spend it, save it, or transfer it?
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Guariglia Alessandra
Published: May 2024

We are the first to study how the resources freed up when a child, child-in-law, or grandchild moves out of a household are reallocated, taking into account the age of the leaver. Using the 2011 and 2013 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we document that, on average, the remaining household members save part of the resources freed up by the leaver and consume another part. Differentiating the leavers by age, we find that after the departure of a member of the younger generation aged 0–24, the remaining household members save the resources freed up by the leaver. However, if the leaver is above 24, they spend the freed-up resources. Our results are robust to the use of different specifications, estimation methods, and consumption aggregates. Finally, we observe that remittances directed toward non-resident offspring do not increase after the departure of a member of the younger generation.
‘Down pythons’ throats we thrust live goats’: snakes, zoos and animal welfare in nineteenth-century Britain
Authors: Cowie Helen
Published: May 2024

In nineteenth-century Britain, captive snakes in menageries and zoological gardens were routinely fed with live prey – primarily rabbits, pigeons and guinea pigs. From the late 1860s, this practice began to generate opposition on animal welfare grounds, leading to a protracted debate over its necessity, visibility and morality. Focusing on the c.1870–1914 period, when the snake-feeding controversy reached its zenith, this article charts changing attitudes towards the treatment of reptiles in captivity and asks why an apparently niche practice generated so much interest. By looking at the biological arguments put forward for and against live feeding, the article traces the changing nature of humanitarian activism in the late nineteenth century and shows how the shifting character of the live-feeding debate paralleled wider trends in the animal welfare movement. It also highlights the different types of knowledge and expertise involved in the debate, as naturalists, veterinary surgeons, legal professionals, zookeepers and humanitarians offered conflicting perspectives on questions of reptilian dietary requirements and animal sentience.
On the dual nature of creativity: Same same but different?
Authors: Benedek Mathias
Published: May 2024

The creativity literature is replete with dualistic constructs, suggesting shared mechanisms but also tempting overinterpretation of their interrelations. An explicit list of relevant concept associations indicates substantial commonality, yet also exposes certain inconsistencies. Dual-process accounts (A and B is relevant) hold promise in resolving discrepancies to the extent that we understand the relative contributions and conditions of A and B.
Novelty seeking is neither necessary nor sufficient for curiosity or creativity, instead both curiosity and creativity may reflect an epistemic drive
Authors: Holm Linus , Schrater Paul
Published: May 2024

Novelty is neither necessary nor sufficient to link curiosity and creativity as stated in the target article. We point out the article's logical shortcomings, outline preconditions that may link curiosity and creativity, and suggest that curiosity and creativity may be expressions of a common epistemic drive.
Toward a causal model of curiosity and creativity
Authors: Grüning David J. , Krueger Joachim I.
Published: May 2024

We extend Ivancovsky et al.'s finding on the association between curiosity and creativity by proposing a sequential causal model assuming that (a) curiosity determines the motivation to seek information and that (b) creativity constitutes a capacity to act on that motivation. This framework assumes that both high levels of curiosity and creativity are necessary for information-seeking behavior.
Mood regulation as a shared basis for creativity and curiosity
Authors: Zeitlen Daniel C. , Gasper Karen , Beaty Roger E.
Published: May 2024

We extend the work of Ivancovsky et al. by proposing that in addition to novelty seeking, mood regulation goals – including enhancing positive mood and repairing negative mood – motivate both creativity and curiosity. Additionally, we discuss how the effects of mood on state of mind are context-dependent (not fixed), and how such flexibility may impact creativity and curiosity.
The creativity of architects
Authors: Arbib Michael A.
Published: May 2024

TA builds on the state of mind (SoM) framework to offer the novelty-seeking model (NSM). The model relates curiosity to creativity but this commentary focuses on creativity: (i) It assesses the SoM + NSM model of creativity-in-the-lab, showing that the focus on semantic networks is inadequate. (ii) It discusses architectural design to sketch ideas for a theory of “big C” creativity.
Is Bergen Unseasonal? On Europe’s Shifting Relation to Seasons
Authors: Bremer Scott
Published: May 2024

This article reflects on whether and how European communities’ cultural frameworks of seasons are coming to poorly correspond to the climatic conditions they experience, and the implications for how Europe adapts to climatic (and social and environmental) change. It starts from a colder- and drier-than-normal autumn and winter (2023/2024) in Bergen, Norway, and a local researcher’s investigation into why these climatically anomalous seasons were being culturally celebrated as ‘seasonal weather’. He compares studies into the Bergen population’s cultural expectations for weather conditions in each of the four seasons, with the statistical climatic record, and reveals a mismatch. He argues that the four-season framework prominent in Europe poorly describes or anticipates meteorology in Bergen, and that other frameworks could fit better. The article argues that seasonal frameworks continuously evolve with interlinked environmental and social change – from drivers such as climate change, landscape modification, social evolution, and globalization – so that seasonal mismatches are as much about how societies culturally re-conceive of seasons as about physical climate change for instance. This is important because the way European societies divide the year by seasonal expectations affects how they relate to the meteorological conditions they come to face each season.