bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avances en inmunoterapia para leucemia linfocítica aguda: integración de terapias con células car-T y otras estrategias inmunológicas
Authors: Moreta Vladimir , Rosero Daniela
Published: January 2025

La leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA) es un tipo de cáncer de la sangre que afecta a la médula ósea y la sangre. Aunque la quimioterapia es el tratamiento principal, la inmunoterapia ha surgido como una alternativa prometedora, especialmente para pacientes con enfermedad refractaria o recurrente. La inmunoterapia utiliza el propio sistema inmunológico del cuerpo para combatir el cáncer. Existen diferentes tipos de inmunoterapia para la LLA, como los anticuerpos monoclonales (Rituximab), los inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4) y la terapia de células CAR-T (Tisagenlecleucel). Estas terapias han demostrado ser eficaces en el tratamiento de la LLA, con tasas de remisión superiores al 80% en algunos casos. Sin embargo, aún existen desafíos como la resistencia al tratamiento, los efectos secundarios y el alto costo.
Las investigaciones futuras se centran en desarrollar estrategias para superar la resistencia tumoral, mejorar la eficacia y seguridad de las inmunoterapias, y hacerlas más accesibles a los pacientes. La combinación de diferentes inmunoterapias y la integración con la quimioterapia tradicional son áreas de investigación activa. A pesar de los desafíos, la inmunoterapia ofrece esperanza para mejorar los resultados en pacientes con LLA.
Palabras claves: Leucemia linfocítica aguda, inmunoterapia, anticuerpos monoclonales, inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario, células CAR-T, resistencia tumoral, anticuerpos biespecíficos, conjugados anticuerpo-fármaco, enfermedad residual mínima, clasificación de la LLA.
Effectiveness of Brainwave Music Therapy in Hypertensive Elderly with Sleep Disorders
Authors: Wahyuni Eko Sari , Septyasih Rossyana , Prastiwi Swito , Abiddin Andi Hayyun
Published: January 2025

Elderly people who experience sleep disorders are at risk of various health problems, including hypertension. To treat insomnia comprehensively, an approach that not only relies on medication is needed, but also complementary therapies, one of which is brainwave music therapy. This music therapy can stimulate the brain to follow the vibrations and rhythms of music when individuals are in a resting state, so as to bring them into a relaxed state and make it easier to fall asleep. This study aims to analyse the effect of brainwave music therapy on the level of insomnia in elderly hypertension. The research design used a descriptive case study approach involving two hypertensive elderly subjects who experienced sleep disorders. Music therapy was performed six times with a duration of 10-15 minutes. Data were collected through insomnia scale and observation. The results showed a decrease in the level of insomnia in both subjects after undergoing brainwave music therapy. Subjects who initially experienced severe insomnia decreased to mild insomnia. This indicates that brainwave music therapy has the potential to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention in reducing insomnia symptoms in hypertensive elderly
Impact of Consumer Awareness, Attitude and perception on Consumer Purchase of Health insurance plans in Hyderabad
Authors: Kondapally Chyavana , Reddy Dr. M Vikram , Kumar Dr. B. Mohan
Published: January 2025

The health insurance industry has been growing over the years and this growth is as a result of rising healthcare costs and rising consciousness of own risk to health related costs. It is the research that seeks to analyze the relationship between awareness, attitude, and perception level of the consumers to the health insurance plans’ purchase in Hyderabad. An open ended questionnaire designed for the study was filled by 300 consumers in the city, questions dealing with awareness about health insurance companies and policies, attitude towards the purchase of health insurance policies, and perceived advantages and constraints of having a health insurance policy. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis tests. The study findings showed that knowledge of the consumer has a positive correlation with setting of positive attitudes and perceptions towards health insurance. Moreover, perceived trust, price, and choice of coverage were found as the important decision criteria. This paper finds that there is the enhancement of customer interest in health insurance products due to a rising awareness of health insurance products in the market However, it is noted that there is a requirement of further efforts to carry out health insurance to clear misconceptions and barriers that remain influential in stopping individuals from going for a certain health insurance plan. Based on the findings of the research, some of the recommendation for policyholders, insurers and policymakers are; greater communication efforts, better education of consumers of health insurance and the development of better plans to better suit the consumer in Hyderabad.
A STUDY ON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN INDIA - ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Singh Dr. Dharmendra , Yadav Dr. Vikash Kumar
Published: January 2025

CSR as an important topic of public policy has taken a crucial position in the Indian corporate landscape, as it has established a sustainable connection with society at large alongside the rising socio-regulatory pressures. The concept of social responsibility posits that an organization or individual has a duty to act in ways that benefit society as a whole. Social responsibility encompasses the obligation of every individual or organization to carry out actions that ensure a balance between economic growth and ecological sustainability. The initial mention of the term corporate social responsibility appeared in the document ‘Social Responsibilities of Business’ penned by William Bowen in 1953. In India, there has been a continual close business engagement with social issues for the purpose of national development, referred to as social duty or charitable contributions, philanthropy, and community service, now specifically labeled as CSR. foundation. The primary aim of this research is to examine the attitudes towards Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among the upcoming business leaders of India. In India, companies such as Tata and Nestle have been engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for decades, well before CSR became a well-known concept. Despite having such prominent examples, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India is currently in a very nascent stage. Numerous large corporations are conducting these Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives superficially and showcasing these efforts in the media. This research paper revolves around finding and reviewing the issues and challenges faced by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in India.
Gender Bias in Artificial Intelligence: Empowering Women Through Digital Literacy
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Shah Syed
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This narrative review investigates the interplay between gender bias in artificial intelligence (AI) systems and the potential of digital literacy to empower women in technology. By synthesising research from 2010 to 2024, the study examines how gender bias manifests in AI, its impact on women’s participation in technology, and the effectiveness of digital literacy initiatives in addressing these disparities.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted across major academic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. The review focused on peer-reviewed articles, reports, and case studies published between 2010 and 2024 that addressed gender bias in AI, women’s participation in technology, and digital literacy initiatives. A thematic analysis framework was employed to identify and synthesise recurring themes and patterns.

Results

The findings reveal systemic gender biases embedded in AI applications across diverse domains, such as recruitment, healthcare, and financial services. These biases stem from factors including the under-representation of women in AI development teams, biased training datasets, and algorithmic design choices. Digital literacy programs emerge as a promising intervention, fostering a critical awareness of AI bias, encouraging women to pursue AI careers, and catalysing growth in women-led AI projects.

Conclusions Although gender bias in AI poses significant challenges, this review highlights digital literacy as a transformative tool for achieving gender equity in AI development and application. The study highlights the importance of inclusive AI design, gender-responsive education policies, and sustained research efforts to mitigate bias and promote equity.
Harnessing Epigenetic Mechanisms for Crop Resilience: A Comprehensive Review of Plant Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Authors:   University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Ahtisham Muhammad , Obaid Zainab
Published: January 2025

Climate change is leading to significant biotic and abiotic stresses, which is alarming for the future of sustainable crop production and improvement. Global agriculture faces mounting challenges. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms can help improve crops. Exploring plant epigenetic mechanisms can enhance crop resilience, productivity, and stress tolerance, ensuring food security for the growing global populations. Epigenetic mechanisms often involve heritable modifications in organisms without any direct changes in the DNA. Epigenetics is essential for making plants adaptive to different stressed conditions. Abiotic and biotic stresses are major limiting factors for plant growth, development, and survival. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone tail modifications, and RNA-directed pathways, regulate gene expression and allow plants to develop memory against these stresses. This memory is crucial for plants to respond effectively to uncertain stresses in the future. These epigenetic modifications are heritable to the next generations. Researchers have shown that plants use epigenetic memory to adapt to a rapidly changing environment, particularly harsh biotic and abiotic challenges, enabling plants to enhance their ability to adapt to diverse environments and withstand abrupt changes in their surroundings. A thorough understanding of these mechanisms can help us develop safer and more efficient methods of crop improvement to make crops more resilient and create a food-secure future for generations. The mechanisms of RNA-directed pathways, DNA methylation, and histone tail modifications are critical in modulating plant responses to diverse stressors, as they directly take part in the expression and suppression of targeted genes.
Assessment of Economic Losses Due to Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens in Balkh Province, Afghanistan
Authors: Sahab Mohammad Nasim , Miakhil Atiqullah , Abidi Mohammad Hasan , Niazi Khalid
Published: January 2025

Understanding the losses caused by diseases leads to enhanced management practices and increased economic efficiency in poultry farming. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the economic losses associated with coccidiosis in broiler chickens in Balkh, Afghanistan. Data were obtained from 37 broiler farms through direct communication with poultry farmers and veterinarian who are involved in the diagnosis, control, and treatment of poultry diseases. The findings of this study indicated that the average loss resulting from coccidiosis in a broiler farm with 1000 birds were up to 20,000 Afghani.  Coccidiosis has been identified as a significant factor leading to direct losses (mortality and reduced body weight gains) and indirect losses (chemotrophy, coccidiostat costs and increased feed conversion ratio) across all poultry farms. Among these economic parameters, body weight loss had the greatest impact, accounting for 54.1% of the losses, followed by an increase in feed conversion ratio (35.7%).  Considering the economic losses, it is necessary to explore the use of natural products, including extracts of fungi and plants, as well as probiotics, to alleviate the issues arising from coccidiosis. Additionally, poultry farmers should incorporate coccidiostat drugs and vaccination programs to prevent coccidiosis. The cumulative results of this study will inform farmers, policymakers, and other stakeholders about the potential impact of coccidiosis and aid in developing strategies to address it.
Effects of dietary edible bird’s nest supplementation on hippocampal neurons of multigenerational mice
Authors: Obaidullah Mahaq , Hasliza Abu Hassim , Hezmee Mohd Noor Mohd , Nurina Titisari , Hafandi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a natural food product rich in glycoproteins such as sialic acid, minerals and essential amino acids. Sialic acid from EBN most effectively absorbs in the brain, where it plays a fundamental role in the ganglioside structure involved in the brain development and synaptic transmission, particularly in preterm infants. Nevertheless, the impact of multiple generations of EBN on brain cellular variations is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of dietary EBN supplementation on brain neurons density and histology of multigenerational mice. A total of 40 females C57BL/6 mice as (F0) generation were equally distributed into four treatment and a control groups. Mice in the treatment groups were orally administered with four different sources of EBN for eight weeks. Subsequently, all mice were bred to produce the first generation (F1) followed by the second generation (F2). The sialic acid concentration in EBN samples was examined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The brain tissue of all mice was collected for histological study. The research found that dietary EBN significantly increased the number of neurons in the hippocampus of three generations (F0, F1, and F2) compared to the control. Histological study showed that the average number of neurons was significantly (P<0.05) higher in EBN-South and EBN-North groups compared to control in F0, F1 and F2 generations. However, the population of neurons was not significantly (P>0.05) higher in EBN-Commercial and EBN-Borneo groups compared to control. The highest neuron density was found in the mice supplemented with EBN contained higher concentration of sialic acid. In conclusion, it was suggested that the sialic acid from maternal EBN supplementation during pregnancy transmitted to the next generations of mice, where it influenced the development and functions of the fetal brain.
Saúde Masculina em Foco: Diagnóstico e Prevenção do Câncer de Próstata
Authors: Maria Lamego Rezende Adriana
Published: January 2025

O e-book "Saúde Masculina em Foco: Diagnóstico e Prevenção do Câncer de Próstata" é um guia abrangente e acessível voltado para a conscientização e aprofundamento sobre a importância da biópsia de próstata no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de próstata, uma das doenças mais prevalentes entre homens em todo o mundo. Com uma abordagem didática e embasada em evidências científicas, o conteúdo é estruturado em seis capítulos, cobrindo desde fundamentos essenciais até avanços tecnológicos e perspectivas futuras.
No primeiro capítulo, "Introdução à Biópsia de Próstata: Importância e Relevância no Diagnóstico Precoce do Câncer", são apresentados os conceitos fundamentais sobre a biópsia e seu papel crucial na identificação precoce da doença, destacando os impactos positivos dessa prática na redução de mortalidade. O segundo capítulo, "Métodos e Tecnologias Avançadas na Realização da Biópsia de Próstata", explora inovações tecnológicas, como biópsias guiadas por imagem e técnicas minimamente invasivas, que aumentam a precisão e segurança do procedimento.
No terceiro capítulo, "Benefícios da Biópsia de Próstata para a Detecção Precoce e Precisão Diagnóstica", são discutidas as vantagens de utilizar esse exame como ferramenta diagnóstica, permitindo identificar o câncer em estágios iniciais e determinar suas características de forma precisa. O impacto desse diagnóstico detalhado no planejamento do tratamento é aprofundado no quarto capítulo, "Impacto da Biópsia no Planejamento Terapêutico do Câncer de Próstata", que aborda como os dados obtidos pela biópsia guiam a escolha das terapias mais eficazes e personalizadas.
A segurança do procedimento e a desmistificação de possíveis complicações são os temas centrais do quinto capítulo, "Segurança e Complicações: Mitos e Verdades sobre a Biópsia de Próstata", que esclarece dúvidas comuns e tranquiliza pacientes quanto aos riscos envolvidos.
Desafios Jurídicos Contemporâneos: Inclusão Social, Direitos Fundamentais e Proteção Ambiental em um Mundo em Transformação
Authors: ODAÍZE DO SOCORRO FERREIRA CAVALCANTE LIMA ODAÍZE , ANTÔNIO DA SILVA JOSÉ , GREIKI DA SILVA OLIVEIRA JEFFERSON , DOS REIS LOPES LÍLIAM , VINÍCIUS SANTOS DALBERTH , OLIVEIRA REZENDE LUCIANO , AUGUSTO SENA SILVA FELIPE , SOARES CAVALCANTI DANIELE , FEDRIGO DUTRA YURI , NASCIMENTO DE OLIVEIRA DIEGO , TALARICO DA SILVA. IGOR
Published: January 2025

A presente obra busca dialogar, discutir e retratar os desafios contemporâneos relacionados aos direitos humanos, sustentabilidade e justiça social exigem uma abordagem integrada e contextualizada para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e normas jurídicas eficazes. A inclusão social e a cidadania são fundamentais para garantir a igualdade de oportunidades, especialmente em um cenário de desigualdade estrutural que afeta as populações vulneráveis. Questões como o racismo estrutural e a desigualdade de gênero demonstram a urgência de intervenções que promovam equidade no acesso à educação, trabalho e proteção social.
No campo ambiental, a preservação dos ecossistemas e o enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas evidenciam a necessidade de um compromisso global, fundamentado em marcos legais robustos e na responsabilidade compartilhada entre Estados e empresas. A urbanização desordenada, aliada ao déficit habitacional, reflete desigualdades históricas, exigindo soluções alternativas que incluam habitação acessível e planejamento urbano participativo.

Proteção dos Animais e Bem-Estar Ambiental: Desafios e Evolução das Normas Jurídicas, A era digital traz novos desafios, como a proteção da privacidade, o combate aos crimes cibernéticos e a promoção da segurança no ambiente virtual, ressaltando a importância de regulamentações atualizadas. Paralelamente, a inclusão de grupos historicamente marginalizados, como pessoas com deficiência, povos indígenas e a população LGBTQIA+, reforça o papel do direito como instrumento para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária.
O direito ao trabalho e a justiça social, aliados à proteção de crianças e adolescentes, ao combate ao tráfico de pessoas e à garantia do acesso universal à saúde, refletem a interconexão entre direitos individuais e coletivos. Além disso, o fortalecimento da democracia, a liberdade de expressão e a regulação frente às notícias falsas destacam a relevância de proteger os fundamentos da convivência democrática em tempos de incerteza.
Por fim, o bem-estar animal e a segurança alimentar surgem como partes indispensáveis de um paradigma sustentável, que valoriza a relação equilibrada entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente. Estas questões, examinadas sob uma perspectiva jurídica ampla, mostram-se essenciais para enfrentar os desafios do século XXI e construir um futuro mais inclusivo e sustentável.
Changing Ideals and Realities: A Longitudinal View of Rural Western Australia
Authors: Jones Roy
Published: January 2025

This state-wide and long-term overview of rural change in Western Australia employs Craig Colten’s hierarchical categorisation of rural change into transitions and adaptations. It identifies two major transitions in the nature of human use of Western Australia’s rural land. The first was the shift from a localised subsistence economy and society spanning tens of millennia, as practised by the Indigenous population, to a commercially productive and imperial system between the early nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries as British colonisation and Indigenous dispossession progressed. Then, from roughly the mid-twentieth century onwards, there has been a ‘multifunctional rural transition’. Whereas commercial and productive activities have remained an important function of rural Western Australia, these have been increasingly complemented by, and may even be in competition with protection of the state’s pre-existing environments and ecosystems, and consumption of non-metropolitan Western Australia’s aesthetic and recreational resources by a predominantly urban population from within and without the state. Adaptations have continued throughout and across both transitions, but they have become more frequent and necessary as global rates of technological, political and social change have accelerated. A case study of the social, economic and land use shifts in the Margaret River region illustrates these processes.
Lunulite Bryozoan Biogeography—a Convergent Global Success With a Distinct Western Australian Twist
Authors: Håkansson Eckart , O'Dea Aaron , Rosso Antonietta
Published: January 2025

Lunulites are a polyphyletic group of marine bryozoans that have been a conspicuous element of marine shelf faunas from the Late Cretaceous to the present. They are easily recognisable by their domed colony form and free-living mode of life on sea floor sediments. Here we explore the waxing and waning of the major lunulitiform groups and their unique morphology and mode of life from the Cretaceous to the present day. Because relatively few and simple modifications are needed to transition from an encrusting form into this highly specialised lifestyle, shared colonial features are rampant and we find examples of both convergent and iterative evolution across several unrelated clades, although detailed phylogenetic relationships remain largely unresolved. The early chapter of the ‘lunulite story’ is focused on the Late Cretaceous European Chalk Sea, which appears to have been a crucible for the evolution of ‘lunulites’. At least six, and likely more, cheilostome groups independently evolved a free-living mode of life in this tropical shelf region. To what extent any of these free-living clades gave rise to post-Cretaceous groups remains unclear. The Cenozoic chapter is more complex, comprising at least three independently evolved major clades, two of which are extant: (1) the Lunulitidae s. str., a North American/European cluster, encompassing the classic Lunulites, which became extinct in the late Neogene; (2) the Cupuladriidae, which reached circum-global tropical and sub-tropical distribution in the Miocene; and (3) the ‘Austral lunulite’ cluster, which is almost certainly polyphyletic and through most of its history confined to Australia and New Zealand, bar a comparatively brief colonisation of the southern part of South America, with the earliest representatives from northwestern Western Australia.
Pediatric Appendectomy in a Resource-Limited Setting: Laparoscopy Versus Laparotomy
Authors:   Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor, Senegal, Mbay Cheikh Tidiane , Diouf Cheikh ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, El Hadj Ibrahima Niass Regional Hospital Center, Kaolack, Senegal, Zeng Florent Tshibwid A ,   Department of Pediatric Surgery, El Hadj Ibrahima Niass Regional Hospital Center, Kaolack, Senegal, Diagne Mohamed Thom ,   Department of General Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor,Senegal, Sangare Mory ,   Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor, Senegal, Sarr Assane ,   Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor, Senegal, Tsague Christ Momo ,   Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor, Senegal, Mbaye Omar ,   Unit of Pediatric Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor, Senegal, Sar Amadou Moustapha ,   Department of General Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor,Senegal, Dieng Mohamed ,   Department of General Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor,Senegal, Baro Alassane ,   Department of General Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor,Senegal, Dabo Ousmane ,   Department of General Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor,Senegal, Diallo Ibrahima ,   Department of General Surgery, Ziguinchor Regional Hospital Center, Ziguinchor,Senegal
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Laparoscopy has increasingly become popular in the treatment of acute appendicitis. Despite its many advantages, it is not yet a routine practice in low-income countries like Senegal. Scarcity of research papers from Africa on the comparative benefits of laparoscopy has prompted the present study.
Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical prospective study over 24 months, from January 2022 to December 2023, in the pediatric surgical units of La Paix Hospital and of the Regional Hospital of Ziguinchor.
Results: This study includes 64 appendectomies (29 laparoscopy and 35 open). The mean age was 12 years (range 5-15 yr). There were 41 males and 23 females. The appendix was in the classic position in 77% of cases. The mean delay of therapeutic intervention was 16 hr for laparoscopy and 8 hr for laparotomy (p=0.001). The mean operating time was 87 min for laparoscopy and 46 min for laparotomy (p<0.001). Significant postoperative pain was noted in 2 patients after laparoscopy and in 7 after laparotomy (p=0.126). The mean hospital stay was 36 hr for laparo-scopy and 65 hr for laparotomy (p<0.001). There were no complications after laparoscopy while 5 complications were registered after laparotomy, representing 14% (p=0.043).
Conclusion: Laparoscopic appendectomy in children appears to have considerable advantage over laparotomy in a resource-limitted setting.
End – en nordjysk konjunktion
Authors: Sørensen Viggo
Published: January 2025

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Nacionalización y nacionalismo cotidiano: una panorámica
Authors: Hernández Burgos Claudio , Caldeira Neto Odilón
Published: January 2025

Objective/context: Studies on nationalism have recently evolved toward a growing interest in nationalization. In particular, greater attention has been paid to the construction of national identities “from below” and to the multiple ways in which, in their daily lives, individuals reproduce, contest, or re-signify nationality. Starting from the theoretical framework of “everyday nationalism,” the main objective of this article is to offer a historiographical overview of the approaches to the study of nationalization and to gauge the usefulness of the theoretical contributions of everyday nationalism for different territories and chronological contexts. In particular, this paper highlights the relevance of directing attention to historical subjects’ individual agency and experiences of nationhood to understand key issues such as identity construction and the nationalization of society in their daily lives. Originality: This article evaluates the theoretical and methodological contributions of the so-called “everyday nationalism” as a way to connect the “micro” and “macro” levels and to capture, through subjectivities, the complexities inherent to the processes of construction of national identity and the multiple ways in which individuals received, answered, or re-signified the discourses and policies of nationalization promoted from power. Conclusions: This paper concludes by highlighting the potential of the “everyday nationalism” approach to gauge nationalization processes.
La prefectura y las subprefecturas ayacuchanas como artífices del nacionalismo ante el litigio fronterizo entre Perú y Ecuador (1910)
Authors: Encarnación-Pinedo Miriam , Cazorla-Zen Carmen
Published: January 2025

Context/objective: The border conflict between Peru and Ecuador (1910) over the definition of their frontiers fueled the Peruvian nationalism that emerged in the nineteenth century. The trigger was a series of clashes at the Consulate and the Legate’s Office of Peru in Ecuador between March and May 1910. In the following pages, we will analyze the role of local and regional political bodies (prefectura and subprefecturas of the Andean region of Ayacucho) in the exaltation of nationalism used to collect resources and the “blood contingent” for the war. Methodology: We use discourse and documentary analysis of telegrams and memos sent from and to the prefectura and subprefecturas of Ayacucho. Originality: The role played by local authorities in constructing Peruvian nationalism has not been sufficiently addressed; however, it is of great importance since it allows us to understand the homogenizing effort of the nascent State and its multiple contradictions. Conclusions: We will note how the nationalism imposed by regional and local governments was accepted in theory. However, it was pretty diminished among citizens of all social sectors when it was needed to swell the troops.
¿Una nación en bosquejos? Procesos de identificación aymara en Chile durante el periodo transicional, 1990-1993
Authors: Oyarzo Cristina
Published: January 2025

Objective/context: During the 1990s, the Aymara people actively participated in discussions on the status of indigenous peoples. This experience reinforced identification processes that gained renewed strength with the national democratic opening and the international recognition of indigenous rights. As a result, demands were better articulated and gained visibility in the public space, and thus, an incipient idea of an Aymara nation emerged. The article analyzes the identification processes of the Aymara people in northern Chile from the creation of the Special Commission on Indigenous Peoples (1990) until the enactment of the Indigenous Law (1993), interrogating the ideas and discourses deployed. Methodology: The newspaper La Estrella de Arica (1990-1993) was examined in depth through a qualitative strategy. This material was triangulated with information obtained from congresses and relevant regulations and contrasted with a specialized bibliography, following the approach of the history of political languages and everyday nationalism. Originality: Although there is a vast amount of literature on the Aymara people in Andean countries, recent national identification processes have been little explored in Chile, where interest in other periods and approaches prevails. This article seeks to deepen these debates, proposing historical tools to understand the relationships between political communities better. It is argued that, although it has circulated, the idea of the Aymara nation should be treated with caution due to the multiple nuances revealed by the processes of reethnification and the influence of public policies. Conclusions: In the transition to democracy, there was a broad debate on the forms of Aymara identification. Although the circulation of the idea of nation was neither systematic nor uniform, expressions of simultaneous adherence to the Chilean State and the Aymara people coexisted, indicating a complex and ambivalent relationship between the processes of ethno-national identification in the period.
Devastaciones ecosociales: ecología política y perspectivas críticas latinoamericanas
Authors: Lehner Andrea , Álvarez Villarreal Lina , Lema Habash Nicolas
Published: January 2025

This introductory article to the thematic issue underscores the urgent need to address eco-social devastation through the social sciences, adopting a critical-political perspective that has been foundational to political ecology since its emergence. It argues that the Latin American perspective not only contributes significantly to this field by proposing transformative alternatives grounded in the everyday practices of historically marginalized communities, but also by forging connections between community-based practices and academia. Moreover, it is fostering a new epistemology and rationality centered on the Earth rather than on humankind. Following a brief contextualization of the central tenets of political ecology as a framework for understanding the interplay between environment and society, the article highlights the most significant contributions of Latin American political ecology. It examines how this perspective uniquely frames and interprets the eco-social devastations currently afflicting the region. Lastly, it introduces the specific contributions of the articles included in the dossier, emphasizing their anti-anthropocentric approach and the shared concept of critique that binds them together.
Materialismo ecológico como materialismo de la reproducción: un diálogo entre Theodor Adorno y Raquel Gutiérrez Aguilar
Authors: Parra-Ayala Andrés F.
Published: January 2025

This article explores a dialogue between the philosophical frameworks of Theodor Adorno and Raquel Gutiérrez Aguilar. The central argument posits that Adorno’s ecological materialism—rooted in his critique of idealist philosophical systems and capitalism—converges with Gutiérrez Aguilar’s materialism of care and reproduction in their shared premise: there can be no human freedom without the freedom of nature. Adorno prefigures this perspective philosophically through his critique of the reification of the subject abstracted from nature and his concepts of natural history, differentiation without domination, and objective communication. Gutiérrez Aguilar, in turn, provides a grounded view, illustrating how certain political and communal practices among Indigenous and Black communities, as well as the life-sustaining work traditionally performed by women, reveal an emancipatory potential. This potential, though never devoid of complexity or tension, gestures toward a vision of differentiation without domination between humanity and nature.
Feminización de las luchas antiextractivistas: el colectivo Mujeres Amazónicas Defensoras de la Selva
Authors: Martínez Suárez Yolanda
Published: January 2025

Amid the intensification of extractivist activities in Latin America, a transformative phenomenon demands attention: the feminization of resistance struggles. This shift foregrounds the entanglement of extractivism, coloniality, and patriarchy, revealing their shared role in driving the ongoing ecological and climate crisis. This paper delves into a paradigmatic example of these struggles, examining how they challenge and reshape patriarchal structures while acknowledging the colonial and racist dynamics embedded within them. I focus on the Ecuadorian collective Mujeres Amazónicas Defensoras de la Selva (Amazonian Women Defenders of the Rainforest) for their critical integration of gender debates into their agenda, their disruption of the sex-gender system through their emergence as a political subject, and their innovative proposal of the living forest (Kawsak Sacha), which reimagines nature and our relationship to it. First, I outline the collective’s formation and its primary political strategies. Second, I explore the living forest both as a concept and a methodological approach. Third, I analyze their agenda through the central notion of the body-territory connection. Finally, I argue that this collective represents a profoundly transformative force. Their defense of Kawsak Sacha as a legal framework enriches discussions on relational ethics, broadens the political inclusion of Indigenous women, and redefines narratives about nature in an increasingly technological era. Through their situated agency and epistemic authority as Indigenous Amazonian women, the Mujeres Amazónicas have redefined political resistance, introducing a powerful challenge to extractivist systems and transforming the political landscape at every level.
Territorialidad y ascendencia: formación y reconocimiento de una comunidad pesquera extractivista del Quilombo do Degredo, Brasil
Authors: Lins Lorena , Salomão Mozine Augusto Cesar
Published: January 2025

This article explores the interplay between ancestry and territoriality in the formation and formal recognition of the quilombola fishing and extractive community of Degredo, Brazil. Using participant observation, focus groups, and interviews conducted between 2018 and 2021, the study examines how community members perceive their identity and territoriality, and how these factors influenced the recognition process. The Degredo community faces daily challenges, including interference from exploitative enterprises and conflicts with regional farmers. Deeply connected to the sea, rivers, and lagoons—essential spaces for family life and collective activities—the community frequently engages in environmental licensing processes characterized by limited dialogue and minimal participation. They also confront broader issues such as road construction projects, backyard pipelines, inadequate infrastructure, and restricted access to social rights, including education, healthcare, transportation, housing, employment, and income. In response to these adversities, the Degredo quilombola community has fostered strong collective mobilization to defend their territorial rights and maintain their way of life, which in turn shapes their unique identity and territoriality. The 2015 collapse of the Fundão dam, owned by the Samarco mining company in Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil, exacerbated these challenges. By February 2016, mining tailings carried by the wind had reached Degredo beach, further affecting the community. Drawing on critical political ecology, this article highlights how Degredo contends with agricultural and industrial exploitation projects while addressing long-standing socio-environmental conflicts. The study also delves into the community’s process of self-determination and its formal recognition as a quilombola by Brazil’s National Agrarian Reform Institute and the Palmares Cultural Foundation.
Conservación neoliberal de la naturaleza en la Patagonia chilena: explorando nuevas modalidades ecoextractivistas y tensiones hidrosociales
Authors: Ortiz Robles Esteban , Torres Salinas Robinson , Salazar-Burrows Alejandro , Bourlon Fabien
Published: January 2025

Chilean Patagonia, a historically remote region known for its vast natural landscapes of global ecological importance, has a rich environmental history of resistance, epitomized by the monumental Patagonia Without Dams movement, which fiercely opposed transnational hydroelectric projects. While traditional extractivism continues to face strong opposition, capital has shifted towards “green” adaptations, manifesting as eco-extractive practices that commodify nature. This article seeks to identify and analyze these emerging eco-extractive threats. Drawing from a Latin American political ecology perspective and employing a relational, multi-method approach—ethnographic, discourse, and documentary analysis—the study examines hydro-social reconfigurations and the eco-extractive dynamics of tourism development and land parceling in Puerto Río Tranquilo and the Valle Exploradores in the Aysén region of Chile. The findings reveal that ecotourism and the proliferation of “eco-lot” real estate projects for conservation purposes are refined forms of eco-extraction, driven by the neoliberal conservation paradigm. This paradigm reimagines Patagonia as a tourist haven and a territory for real estate-driven conservation, creating hydro-social tensions by reshaping perceptions of water availability and quality. It also imposes neoliberal conservation narratives that overshadow and subsume traditional territorialities and cultural meanings. The critique advanced in this article challenges the “green” facade of these conservation projects, arguing that they represent not genuine ecological awareness but rather a form of real estate speculation reliant on green rhetoric to legitimize and expand their scope.
Comer y vivir bien en el mundo indígena misak: “sentipensar el cuidado de la vida”
Authors: Montano Morales James
Published: January 2025

This article reflects on the practice of mindful eating, intrinsically tied to the concept of living well in the Misak Indigenous world. This approach emphasizes understanding eating as a sensory and spiritual connection with the land and the cyclical rhythms of the territory. The study explores the significance of chish mamik (clean food) as a pathway to spiritual alignment with pishintø waramik (living in harmony and balance). It also examines the impact of modern pressures, particularly the coloniality of consumption, which continuously disrupts various aspects of Indigenous life. In light of these challenges, the article advocates for a sentipensar (defined as an inseparability of feeling and thinking) approach to eating well and living well, grounded in parøsøtø (food autonomy) and the Misak worldview. This vision is developed through four spirals of inter-learning: mørøp (feeling), isup (thinking), aship (seeing), and marøp (practicing), aimed at integrating bodily well-being with the harmonious stewardship of the land and its cycles.
Effects of Video-based Gesture Gaming on Hand Functions in Autistic Population: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Priya J Sangeetha , Varathan Kalidasan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with broad spectrum of intricacies and challenges, affecting 1 in 100 individuals, as estimated by World Health Organisation (WHO). Symptoms mainly are related to behavioural abnormalities, motor control deficits and social communication issues. Video gaming technology are emerging as valid tool in the intervention protocols for autism, by showing significant improvements in motor strength and executive functions.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of gesture gaming on dexterity, grip strength and working memory in individuals with autism.

Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at Krupanidhi College of Physiotherapy Outpatient Department (OPD) in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was one year, from June 2022 to June 2023. Subjects were selected primarily based on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Thirty autistic subjects were selected using convenient sampling and four different games were given for three alternate days for 12 weeks, lasting 40 minutes per session. Hand grip strength, visuo-spatial working memory and dexterity were measured by a dynamometer, Corsi-Block Tapping Test and the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function (JTHF) test. Subjects from 11 to 16 years were considered. Statistical analysis was done using a paired t-test, with a significance level set at p-value<0.05.

Results: After 12 weeks of intervention and 16 weeks of followup, significant difference (p-value<0.05) was noticed in all three variables. Hand grip strength for the right hand was measured at post-test (21.48±8.08) and follow-up (21.40±8.11), while for the left hand, it was post-test (13.26±3.75) and follow-up (13.15±3.76). Visuospatial Working Memory (VSWM) showed a backward span post-test (4.86±0.77) and follow-up (4.46±0.73) and forward span post-test (5.36±0.71) and follow-up (5.20±0.76). Dexterity for the non dominant hand was post-test (148.4±5.11) and follow-up (148.8±5.07), while for the dominant hand, it was post-test (138.8±7.86) and follow-up (139.0±7.86).

Conclusion: Gaming technology has shown beneficial effects in improving hand grip strength, dexterity and working memory.
Exploring the Decision-making Process of Medical Students’ on Choosing Radiology as a Specialty in Northern Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shafiq Pakeeza
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Radiology is an important medical field that provides non invasive insights into the human body. However, the decision-making process regarding speciality choice among medical students is influenced by various personal, educational and societal factors.

Aim: To identify the key factors that significantly shape the decision-making process of medical students.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from June to August 2024, involving 149 medical students, both males and females, in their clinical years (4th, 5th and 6th year). Data was collected using a predesigned proforma, along with demographic information. All data were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 22.0 for analysis. The normality of the data was checked using the ShapiroWilk test. Qualitative variables were presented as frequencies and percentages, while quantitative variables were presented as means with standard deviations. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: The gender distribution was 56 males (37.58%) and 93 females (62.42%), with only 16 participants (10.74%) having chosen radiology as their specialty, despite significant exposure to the specialty (76 participants, or 51.01%). Various factors, such as work-life balance, income, family expectations and patient contact, played a significant role in specialty choice. The Chi-square test found no significant association between gender and choice of specialty.

Conclusion: Radiology’s critical role in patient diagnosis and management is well recognised, but factors such as academic performance, patient contact, family expectations and income significantly influence career choices among medical students. To attract more students to radiology, targeted educational initiatives and early exposure are essential.
Status of Rice Diseases in Northern Himalayas: A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Banyal DK , Parwan Sonali , Dhiman Shiwali , Upmanyu Sachin , Bhardwaj Neelam , Thakur Anchal
Published: January 2025

Rice production around the world is threatened by various diseases leading to biotic stress. Surveys during 2022 & 2023 were conducted in eight districts of Himachal Pradesh to assess the status of rice diseases. Seed health status of farmers saved seed was also monitored. Surveys of the crop revealed the occurrence and incidence of varying degrees of diseases viz., bacterial leaf blight, neck blast, sheath rot, false smut, brown spot, narrow brown spot, rice stunting and leaf scald. Association of mycoflora i.e Ustilaginoidea virens, Pyricularia oryzae and Helminthosporium oryzae in farmer saved seed was also observed. The results of this study can be implemented to curtail the yield losses associated with seed borne diseases and can further improve sustainable rice production in Himachal Pradesh.
Analysis of Parental Knowledge Dealing with Aspects of Toddler Parenting
Authors: Sunita  , Malik Poonam
Published: January 2025

Background: Parents play a pivotal role during the toddler years. Effective child-rearing practices during toddlerhood are essential for healthy development, shaping a child‘s cognitive, emotional and social growth. Research studies indicated that many parents lack crucial knowledge which can hinder their ability to provide optimal care.
Objective: The objective of the present study is to examine the need of parents regarding knowledge on aspects of toddler parenting such as toddler growth aspects; toddler health; toddler nutrition; child care; toddler parenting; day to day parenting; toddler clothing and other products; toddler entertainment and education.
Methodology: The present investigation was carried out in two cities of Haryana state i.e. Hisar and Fatehabad. The four healthcare centersof District Hisar and Fatehabad viz. i) Maharaja Agarsain Medical College (Agroha, Hisar), ii) Satija Health Care centre (Hisar), iii) Shree Balaji children Hospital and Maternity Home (Bhattu Kalan, Fatehabad) and iv) Jaipur Children Hospital (Fatehabad) were selected purposively. A total of 120 mothers of children aged 2-4 years, who visited the outpatient departments (OPD) of these hospitals, participated in the study. Data was gathered using a self-structured questionnaire.
Findings: The results revealed that most mothers expressed a strong need for information on toddler growth and development, health, nutrition, childcare, parenting, clothing, products, and education.
Conclusion: The study highlights a lack of awareness among women regarding various aspects of toddler parenting. Therefore, there is a clear need for further research to address the knowledge gaps among mothers of toddlers.