bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation dose at CT coronary angiography: how low can we go?1D Eason, 2SJ Leslie, 3AJ Hince, 1JH Miller
Authors: Eason D , Leslie SJ , Hince AJ , Miller JH
Published: September 2012

Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography is now a widely available and reliable test accessible on basic CT platforms that can exclude coronary heart disease with confidence. It is fast, cheap and, if properly carried out by trained and accredited staff in carefully selected patients, useful information can be obtained with acceptably low radiation exposure in some cases.
Paradoxical coronary artery embolism causing acute myocardial infarction in a young woman with factor V Leiden thrombophillia
Authors: Croft AP , Khan JN , Chittari MV , Varma C
Published: September 2012

Paradoxical coronary artery embolism is a rare but under-diagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and requires a high level of clinical suspicion to make an early diagnosis. We describe the case of a young woman who presented with a severe cough and chest pain who was subsequently found to have a paradoxical embolus in the right coronary artery. Echocardiography showed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and an atrial septal aneurysm (ASA). The patient was found to be a heterozygous carrier of the factor V Leiden mutation that increases the risk for venous-thromboembolism. The association between a PFO and an ASA is a risk factor for systemic embolisation. This is the first reported case of paradoxical coronary artery embolus causing AMI in a non-pregnant patient with factor Leiden thrombophilia. Identification of this clinical phenotype is vital as the risk of future embolic events can be reduced by anticoagulation and closure of anatomical cardiac defects.
Anti-Ri-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar and brainstem degenerative syndrome
Authors: Tay JK , Miller J , Joshi A , Athey RJ
Published: September 2012

We present the case of a female patient with a subacute paraneoplastic brainstem neurological syndrome associated with breast cancer and the development of anti-Ri antineuronal antibodies (ANNAs). It is an important syndrome to identify because of the need for urgent investigation and management to reduce progressive and irreversible neurological deterioration and to recognise the associated risks of bulbar and central respiratory failure. Diagnosis can be confounded if the anticipated normality of imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies is not appreciated. Positive antineuronal screening can provide rapid support for a paraneoplastic aetiology. Urgent and extensive investigation to identify the underlying tumour is imperative since neurological outcome is dependent on the rapidity of commencement and efficacy of tumour therapy. We discuss the symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Triage of acute onset chest pain: now a biochemical rule-out test?
Authors: Wilson SJ , Bloomfield P , Collinson PO
Published: September 2012

The management of coronary disease has moved forward with the application of more sensitive blood biomarkers for early detection alongside more structured symptom assessment, examination and serial ECG measures. However every episode of exertional chest pain isn’t symptomatic coronary disease and given massive public awareness campaigns we now face a different management issue with undiagnosed chest pain sent as a ‘rule-out’ activity. These urgent referrals are often justified based on the management of the minority with unstable coronary disease without preliminary medical review or examination. Avoiding delay which is valuable in coronary patients may be irrelevant to the majority. The overall effectiveness of this pathway is unclear where the patient does not have coronary disease but also where superficial interpretation can be misleading through non-specificity. Do biomarker assays become the answer to every chest pain patient and has the basic assessment of the individual patient and a prior probability of disease no role to play? Does this activity represent a burden or an irrelevant dead end for non-coronary patients? We have asked for comment from two leading authorities on the evolving role and application of cardiac biomarker technologies in managing this considerable and common clinical dilemma.
Observing the NICEties of hypertension management
Authors: Morrison EE , Turtle EJ , Webb DJ
Published: September 2012

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidance for the clinical management of hypertension, published last year, proposes a step change in UK clinical practice.1 Although broadly helpful, there are some concerns about its implementation. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for diagnosis of hypertension, though logical, will place an additional financial burden on primary care at a time of austerity. Home blood pressure measurement may be a more practical option. Previous guidance recommended the used of thiazide diuretics as a first-line treatment option.2 Five years later, the new guidelines propose a major change, with an initial emphasis on the use of calcium channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, moving the use of thiazide-like diuretics to a third-line option. In addition, bendroflumethiazide, the mainstay of treatment in the UK over many years, has been replaced with chlortalidone, the starting doses of which are not readily available in this country. Cost-effectiveness analysis and a presumed risk of metabolic disorders has guided the rationale for these changes to the therapeutic algorithm, however this may not be robust. Importantly, unless there are special circumstances, reducing the blood pressure in hypertensive patients is more important than the means used to lower it. In future, it will be important to ‘personalise’ treatment more effectively and base management on lifetime risk.
Analysis of present day and future OH and methane lifetime in the ACCMIP simulations
Authors: Voulgarakis A. , Naik V. , Lamarque J.-F. , Shindell D. T. , Young P. J. , Prather M. J. , Wild O. , Field R. D. , Bergmann D. , Cameron-Smith P. , Cionni I. , Collins W. J. , Dalsøren S. B. , Doherty R. M. , Eyring V. , Faluvegi G. , Folberth G. A. , Horowitz L. W. , Josse B. , McKenzie I. A. , Nagashima T. , Plummer D. A. , Righi M. , Rumbold S. T. , Stevenson D. S. , Strode S. A. , Sudo K. , Szopa S. , Zeng G.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Results from simulations performed for the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Modeling Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) are analysed to examine how OH and methane lifetime may change from present-day to the future, under different climate and emissions scenarios. Present-day (2000) mean tropospheric chemical lifetime derived from the ACCMIP multi-model mean is 9.8 ± 1.6 yr, lower than a recent observationally-based estimate, but with a similar range to previous multi-model estimates. Future model projections are based on the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and the results also exhibit a~large range. Decreases in global methane lifetime of 4.5 ± 9.1% are simulated for the scenario with lowest radiative forcing by 2100 (RCP 2.6), while increases of 8.5 ± 10.4% are simulated for the scenario with highest radiative forcing (RCP 8.5). In this scenario, the key driver of the evolution of OH and methane lifetime is methane itself, since its concentration more than doubles by 2100, and it consumes much of the OH that exists in the troposphere. Stratospheric ozone recovery, which drives tropospheric OH decreases through photolysis modifications, also plays a~partial role. In the other scenarios, where methane changes are less drastic, the interplay between various competing drivers leads to smaller and more diverse OH and methane lifetime responses, which are difficult to attribute. For all scenarios, regional OH changes are even more variable, with the most robust feature being the large decreases over the remote oceans in RCP 8.5. Through a~regression analysis, we suggest that differences in emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds and in the simulation of photolysis rates may be the main factors causing the differences in simulated present-day OH and methane lifetime. Diversity in predicted changes between present-day and future was found to be associated more strongly with differences in modelled climate changes, specifically global temperature and humidity. Finally, through perturbation experiments we calculated an OH feedback factor (F) of 1.29 from present-day conditions (1.65 from 2100 RCP 8.5 conditions) and a~climate feedback on methane lifetime of 0.33 ± 0.13 yr K−1, on average.
The effect of regional changes in anthropogenic aerosols on rainfall of the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Guo L. , Highwood E. J. , Shaffrey L. C. , Turner A. G.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The response of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) precipitation to long term changes in regional anthropogenic aerosols (sulphate and black carbon) is explored in an atmospheric general circulation model, the atmospheric component of the UK High-Resolution Global Environment Model v1.2 (HiGAM). Separately, sulphur dioxide (SO2) and black carbon (BC) emissions in 1950 and 2000 over East Asia are used to drive model simulations, while emissions are kept constant at year 2000 level outside this region. The response of the EASM is examined by comparing simulations driven by aerosol emissions representative of 1950 and 2000. The aerosol radiative effects are also determined using an off-line radiative transfer model. During June, July and August, the EASM was not significantly changed as either SO2 or BC emissions increased from 1950 to 2000 levels. However, in September, precipitation is significantly decreased when emissions are at the 2000 level. The cooler land surface temperature over China in September due to increased aerosols reduces the surface thermal contrast that supports the EASM circulation. However, mechanisms causing the surface temperature decrease in September are different between sulphate and BC experiments. In the sulphate experiment, the sulphate direct and the 1st indirect radiative effects contribute to the surface cooling. In the BC experiment, the BC direct effect is the main driver of the surface cooling, however, a decrease in low cloud cover due to the increased heating by BC absorption partially counteracts the direct effect. This results in a weaker land surface temperature response to BC changes than to sulphate changes. The resulting precipitation response is also weaker, and the responses of the monsoon circulation are different for sulphate and black carbon experiments. This study demonstrates a mechanism that links regional aerosol emission changes to the precipitation changes of the EASM, and it could be applied to help understand the future changes in EASM precipitation in CMIP5 simulations.
Validation of six years of SCIAMACHY carbon monoxide observations using MOZAIC CO profile measurements
Authors: de Laat A. T. J. , Dijkstra R. , Schrijver H. , Nédélec P. , Aben I.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. This paper presents a validation study of SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) carbon monoxide (CO) total column measurements from the Iterative Maximum Likelihood Method (IMLM) algorithm using vertically integrated profile aircraft measurements obtained within the MOZAIC project for the six year time period of 2003–2008. Overall we find a good agreement between SCIAMACHY and airborne measurements for both mean values – also on a year-to-year basis – as well as seasonal variations. Several locations show large biases that are attributed to local effects like orography and proximity of large emission sources. Differences were detected for individual years: 2003, 2004 and 2006 have larger biases than 2005, 2007 and 2008, which appear to be related to SCIAMACHY instrumental issues but require more research. Results from this study are consistent with, and complementary to, findings from a previous validation study using ground-based measurements (de Laat et al., 2010b). According to this study, the SCIAMACHY data, if individual measurements are of sufficient quality – good signal-to-noise, can be used to determine the spatial distribution and seasonal cycles of CO total columns over clean areas. Biases found over areas with strong emissions (Africa, China) could be explained by low sensitivity of the instrument in the boundary layer and users are recommended to avoid using the SCIAMACHY data while trying to quantify CO burden and/or retrieve CO emissions in such areas.
Enhanced carbon overconsumption in response to increasing temperatures during a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Taucher J. , Schulz K. G. , Dittmar T. , Sommer U. , Oschlies A. , Riebesell U.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are projected to lead to an increase in sea surface temperatures, potentially impacting marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycling. Here we conducted an indoor mesocosm experiment with a natural plankton community taken from the Baltic Sea in summer. We induced a plankton bloom via nutrient addition and followed the dynamics of the different carbon and nitrogen pools for a period of one month at temperatures ranging from 9.5 °C to 17.5 °C, representing a range of ±4 °C relative to ambient temperature. The uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and the net build-up of both particulate (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were all enhanced at higher temperatures and almost doubled over a temperature gradient of 8 °C. Furthermore, elemental ratios of carbon and nitrogen (C : N) in both particulate and dissolved organic matter increased in response to higher temperatures, both reaching very high C : N ratios of > 30 at +4 °C. Altogether, these observations suggest a pronounced increase in excess carbon fixation in response to elevated temperatures. Most of these findings are contrary to results from similar experiments conducted with plankton populations sampled in spring, revealing large uncertainties in our knowledge of temperature sensitivities of key processes in marine carbon cycling. Since a major difference to previous mesocosm experiments was the dominant phytoplankton species, we hypothesize that species composition might play an important role in the response of biogeochemical cycling to increasing temperatures.
Dansgaard-Oeschger events: tipping points in the climate system
Authors: Cimatoribus A. A. , Drijfhout S. S. , Livina V. , van der Schrier G.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The largest variability in temperature over the last sixty thousand years is connected with Dansgaard-Oeschger events. Various prototype models have been proposed to explain these rapid climate fluctuations, but until now no observational constraint has been forwarded to choose between different theories. We assess the bimodality of the system reconstructing the topology of the multi-dimensional attractor over which the climate system evolves. Furthermore, we show that Dansgaard-Oeschger events are compatible with the crossing of a tipping point in the climate system. We use high-resolution ice core isotope data to investigate the statistical properties of the climate fluctuations in the period before the onset of the abrupt change. We find that the statistics are consistent with the switches between two different climate equilibrium states in response to a changing external forcing.
Dobson, Brewer, ERA-40 and ERA-Interim original and merged total ozone data sets – evaluation of differences: a case study, Hradec Králové (Czech), 1961–2010
Authors: Vaníček K. , Metelka L. , Skřivánková P. , Staněk M.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Homogenized data series of total ozone measurements taken by the regularly and well calibrated Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at Hradec Králové (Czech) and the data from the re-analyses ERA-40 and ERA-Interim were merged and compared to investigate differences between the particular data sets originated in Central Europe, the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes. The Dobson-to-Brewer transfer function and the algorithm for approximation of the data from the re-analyses were developed, tested and applied for creation of instrumentally consistent and completed total ozone data series of the 50-yr period 1961–2010 of observations. This correction has reduced the well-known seasonal differences between Dobson and Brewer data below the 1% calibration limit of the spectrophotometers. Incorporation of the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim total ozone data on days with missing measurements significantly improved completeness and reliability of the data series mainly in the first two decades of the period concerned. Consistent behaviour of the original and corrected/merged data sets was found in the pre-ozone-hole period (1961–1985). In the post-Pinatubo (1994–2010) era the data series show seasonal differences that can introduce uncertainty in estimation of ozone recovery mainly in the winter-spring season when the effect of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments is expected. All the data sets confirm substantial depletion of ozone also in the summer months that gives rise to the question about its origin. The merged and completed data series of total ozone will be further analyzed to quantify chemical ozone losses and contribution of natural atmospheric processes to the ozone depletion over the region. This case study points out the importance of selection and evaluation of the quality and consistency of the input data sets used in estimation of long-term ozone changes including recovery of the ozone layer over the selected areas. Data are available from the PANGAEA database at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.779819.
Christian Theodor Vaupell, a Danish 19th century naturalist and a pioneering developer of the Quaternary geoscience
Authors: Nielsen J. K. , Helama S.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Christian Theodor Vaupell (1821–1862) was a Danish scholar with pioneering investigations particularly on the late Quaternary development of bog forests, but also microscopy of plant anatomy and vegetative reproduction. His studies contributed to the early scientific thinking of the Quaternary environmental changes. Before his academic efforts, he had already survived the war between Prussia and Denmark albeit he became severely wounded and his left arm was amputated. The drama of his academic efforts, on the other hand, lies in the more or less suspicious dispute of his first doctoral thesis and his dismissal from the academic world during the following years. At the same time, he earned praise for his first thesis (never accepted as thesis but published as a regular book) from abroad; he was also able to attract private foundations for financial support of his scientific work. Following the enthusiasm of his time, Vaupell became attracted to the pine megafossils known to have been preserved in the bogs in north-west Europe. The megafossils led him to study not only the life systems of the ancient and modern bog forests but also their associations with Earth processes. As an interesting detail of his research, Vaupell made compound interpretations on the occurrence of megafossil stumps and their tree-ring growth patterns. In the course of the 20th century, Vaupell's studies have been cited as a general reference of post-glacial vegetation change and plant succession rather than clearly pioneering investigations of palaeoecology, an angle that we would like put into a contrasting perspective. To do so, we provide a brief portrait of Christian Vaupell and his research career. In conclusion, we wish to emphasize the comprehensiveness of Vaupell's views on the late Quaternary vegetation changes and the role of plant succession in that development.
Assimilating GlobColour ocean colour data into a pre-operational physical-biogeochemical model
Authors: Ford D. A. , Edwards K. P. , Lea D. , Barciela R. M. , Martin M. J. , Demaria J.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. As part of the GlobColour project, daily chlorophyll a observations, derived using remotely sensed ocean colour data from the MERIS, MODIS and SeaWiFS sensors, are produced. The ability of these products to be assimilated into a pre-operational global coupled physical-biogeochemical model has been tested, on both a hindcast and near-real-time basis, and the impact on the system assessed. The assimilation was found to immediately and considerably improve the bias, root mean square error and correlation of modelled surface chlorophyll concentration compared to the GlobColour observations, an improvement which was sustained throughout the year and in every ocean basin. Errors against independent in situ chlorophyll observations were also reduced, both at and beneath the ocean surface. However, the model fit to in situ observations was not consistently better than that of climatology, due to errors in the underlying model. The assimilation scheme used is multivariate, updating all biogeochemical model state variables at all depths. The other variables were not degraded by the assimilation, with annual mean surface fields of nutrients, alkalinity and carbon variables remaining of similar quality compared to climatology. There was evidence of improved representation of zooplankton concentration, and reduced errors were seen against in situ observations of nitrate and pCO2, but too few observations were available to conclude about global model skill. The near-real-time GlobColour products were found to be sufficiently reliable for operational purposes, and of benefit to both operational-style systems and reanalyses.
Antarctic ice-mass balance 2002 to 2011: regional re-analysis of GRACE satellite gravimetry measurements with improved estimate of glacial-isostatic adjustment
Authors: Sasgen I. , Konrad H. , Ivins E. R. , van den Broeke M. R. , Bamber J. L. , Martinec Z. , Klemann V.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We present regional-scale mass balances for 25 drainage basins of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) from satellite observations of the Gravity and Climate Experiment (GRACE) for the years 2002–2011. Satellite gravimetry estimates of the AIS mass balance are strongly influenced by mass movement in the Earth interior caused by ice advance and retreat during the last glacial cycle. Here, we develop an improved glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) estimate for Antarctica using newly available GPS uplift rates, allowing us to more accurately separate GIA-induced trends in the GRACE gravity fields from those caused by current imbalances of the AIS. Our revised GIA estimate is considerably lower than previous predictions, yielding an (upper) estimate of apparent mass change of 48 ± 18 Gt yr−1. Therefore, our AIS mass balance of −103 ± 23 Gt yr−1 is considerably less negative than previous GRACE estimates. The Northern Antarctic Peninsula and the Amundsen Sea Sector exhibit the largest mass loss (−25 ± 6 Gt yr−1 and −126 ± 11 Gt yr−1, respectively). In contrast, East Antarctica exhibits a slightly positive mass balance (19 ± 16 Gt yr−1), which is, however, mostly the consequence of compensating mass anomalies in Dronning Maud and Enderby Land (positive) and Wilkes and George V Land (negative) due to interannual accumulation variations. In total, 7% of the area constitute more than half of the AIS imbalance (53%), contributing −151 ± 9 Gt yr−1 to global mean sea-level change. Most of this imbalance is caused by long-term ice-dynamic speed up expected to prevail in the future.
Mass gain of glaciers in Lahaul and Spiti region (North India) during the nineties revealed by in-situ and satellite geodetic measurements
Authors: Vincent C. , Ramanathan A. , Wagnon P. , Dobhal D. P. , Linda A. , Berthier E. , Sharma P. , Arnaud Y. , Azam M. F. , Jose P. G. , Gardelle J.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The volume change of Chhota Shigri Glacier (India, 32° N) between 1988 and 2010 has been determined using in-situ geodetic measurements. This glacier has experienced only a slight mass loss over the last 22 yr (–3.8 ± 1.8 m w.e.). Using satellite digital elevation models (DEM) differencing and field measurements, we measure a negative mass balance (MB) between 1999 and 2011 (–4.7 ± 1.8 m w.e.). Thus, we deduce a positive MB between 1988 and 1999 (+1.0 ± 2.5 m w.e.). Furthermore, satellite DEM differencing reveals a good correspondence between the MB of Chhota Shigri Glacier and the MB of an over 2000 km2 glaciarized area in the Lahaul and Spiti region during 1999–2011. We conclude that there has been no large ice wastage in this region over the last 22 yr, ice mass loss being limited to the last decade. This contrasts to the most recent compilation of MB data in the Himalayan range that indicates ice wastage since 1975, accelerating after 1990. For the rest of western Himalaya, available observations of glacier MBs are too sparse and discontinuous to provide a clear and relevant regional pattern of glacier volume change over the last two decades.
The Efficacy of Vectron 20 WP, Etofenprox, for Indoor Residual Spraying in Areas of High Vector Resistance to Pyrethroids and Organochlorines in Zambia
Authors: Chanda Emmanuel , Kandyata Alister , Chanda Javan , Phiri Faustina N. , Muzia Lucy , Kamuliwo Mulakwa
Published: September 2012

The selection of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors has the potential to compromise any insecticide-based vector control programme. To ensure that the insecticides used for indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets in Zambia remain effective and their choice is evidence based, insecticide resistance surveillance and monitoring are essential. This study assessed and compared the residual efficacy of etofenprox (Vectron 20 WP), an ether pyrethroid, at 0.1 g/m2 with pyrethroids: bifenthrin (Bistar 10 WP) and lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 10 CS) at 25 mg/m2 for indoor residual spraying. We also assessed the resistance status of etofenprox to local malaria vectors, An. funestus s.s and An. gambiae s.s, using World Health Organization standard protocols. The residual efficacy of Vectron 20 WP on cement, rendered walls of houses lasted for four months with 100% mortality. By the eighth month, the killing effect had reduced to 73.8% compared to 63.3% for bifenthrin and 77.0% for lambda-cyhalothrin. Susceptibility tests using standard World Health Organization assays on An. gambiae s.s showed susceptibility to etofenprox (0.1%) but some resistance was detected to Anopheles funestus s.s. The product is recommended as an ideal insecticide for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in Zambia as part of a resistance management programme in selected areas of the country.
Clinical Outcomes of Dialysis-Treated Acute Kidney Injury Patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Emem-Chioma Pedro Chimezie , Alasia Datonye Dennis , Wokoma Friday Samuel
Published: September 2012

Background. Acute kidney injury in adults is a common cause of hospitalization, associated with high morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. In spite of RRT the in-hospital mortality rates remain high even in the developed countries.
Though a proportion of our patients receive renal replacement therapy as part of their management, data on outcomes are sparse. Study Objective. To determine the clinical outcomes of dialysis-treated AKI in our hospital. Methods. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of all adult AKI patients treated with haemodialysis at the University of Teaching Hospital during an interrupted six-year period was conducted. Analysis was done using SPSS version 17.0. Results. 34 males and 28 females with mean age of 41.3 ± 18.5 years were studied. The leading causes of AKI were sepsis (22.7%), acute glomerulonephritis (20.5%), acute gastroenteritis (15.9%), and toxic nephropathies (11.4%) and presented with mean e-GFR of 14.7±5.8 mls/min/1.73 m2. Of the 62 patients, 29 (46.8%) were discharged from the hospital, 27 (43.5%) died in hospital, while 6 (9.7%) absconded from treatment. Survivors had better Rifle grade than those who died (P<0.001). Conclusion. Hospital mortality rate of dialysis-treated AKI patients is high and the severity of renal damage at presentation may be an important factor.
A Publicação Acadêmica de Marketing Esportivo no Brasil
Authors: Fagundes André Francisco Alcântara , Veiga Ricardo Teixeira , Sampaio Danilo De Oliveira , Sousa Caissa Veloso e
Published: September 2012

O objetivo desse artigo analisar os trabalhos acadmicos de marketing esportivo publicados nos principais peridicos e eventos cientficos brasileiros no perodo de 1994 a 2011. Para tanto realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliogrfica a partir da qual foram selecionados os artigos que tratavam do tema. Utilizou-se um formulrio com 13 variveis para analisar os 23 trabalhos encontrados. A anlise dos dados possibilitou algumas constataes: (a) a maioria dos trabalhos foram publicados em eventos cientficos; (b) 85% tiveram como origem instituies de ensino das regies sudeste e sul; (c) estudos exploratrios e empricos representaram 74% do total; (d) 65% dos artigos foram publicados nos ltimos seis anos; e (e) observou-se uma tendncia a pesquisas relacionadas s escolas de marketing mais tradicionais. Como a pesquisa identificou uma pequena produo acadmica sobre marketing esportivo no Brasil, o estudo sugere algumas opes para incrementar essa produo. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v11i2.2327
Finding the Correct Partner: The Meiotic Courtship
Authors: Naranjo Tomás
Published: September 2012

Homologous chromosomes are usually separated at the entrance of meiosis; how they become paired is one of the outstanding mysteries of the meiotic process. Reduction of spacing between homologues makes possible the occurrence of chromosomal interactions leading to homology detection and the formation of bivalents. In many organisms, telomere-led chromosome movements are generated that bring homologues together. Additional movements produced by chromatin conformational changes at early meiosis may also facilitate homologous contacts. Organisms used in the study of meiosis show a surprising variety of strategies for homology detection. In dipterans, homologous chromosomes remain paired throughout most of development. Pairing seems to arise as a balance between promoter and suppressor pairing genes. Some fungi, plants and animals, use mechanisms based on recombinational interactions. Other mechanisms leading to homology search are recombination-independent and require specialized pairing sites. In the wormCaenorhabditis elegans, each chromosome carries a pairing center consisting of a chromosome-specific DNA-protein complex, and in the fission yeastSchizosaccharomyces pombe, thesme2locus encodes a meiosis-specific non-coding RNA that mediates on homologous recognition. In addition, mismatch correction plays a relevant role, especially in polyploids, which evolved genetic systems that suppress pairing between non-homologous related (homoeologus) chromosomes.
Clinical Pharmacology in Old Persons
Authors: Jansen Paul A. F. , Brouwers Jacobus R. B. J.
Published: September 2012

The epidemiological transition, with a rapid increase in the proportion in the global population aged over 65 years from 11% in 2010 to 22% in 2050 and 32% in 2100, represents a challenge for public health. More and more old persons have multimorbidities and are treated with a large number of medicines. In advanced age, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs are altered. In addition, pharmacotherapy may be complicated by difficulties with obtaining drugs or adherence and persistence with drug regimens. Safe and effective pharmacotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges in geriatric medicine. In this paper, the main principles of geriatric pharmacology are presented.
Praticiennes et patientes : Les femmes et la santé dans l’historiographie québécoise
Authors: Baillargeon Denyse
Published: September 2012

Cet article vise à tracer un bilan des recherches historiques québécoises, mais aussi canadiennes-anglaises, qui se sont intéressées au thème des femmes et de la santé. Deux perspectives y sont explorées : celle des praticiennes, essentiellement les infirmières, et celle des patientes, en particulier les mères. Centré autour de la question de l'autonomie des femmes vis-à-vis des médecins et de la dimension « genrée » des activités soignantes, ce bilan veut faire ressortir l'importance de prendre les femmes en compte dans toute étude portant sur l'univers de la santé, car elles ont certainement été les plus nombreuses à dispenser des soins et à les recevoir.
La sexualité comme pratique et rapport social chez les couples paysans du Saguenay (1860-1930)1
Authors: Bouchard Gérard
Published: September 2012

S’appuyant principalement sur plusieurs corpus de données orales, l’article analyse la sexualité dans le couple paysan saguenayen entre 1860 et 1930 en tant qu’elle s’inscrivait dans un important rapport social. Les données utilisées livrent des aperçus détaillés sur divers aspects de la sexualité avant et dans le mariage, notamment la grande ignorance chez les jeunes, la force des interdits et la flexibilité, sinon les contradictions, des règles morales selon qu’elles s’appliquaient à l’homme ou à la femme. Il en ressort que celle-ci était, de diverses façons, l’objet d’une violence psychologique et physique.Au chapitre de la contraception, l’analyse présente un éventail de techniques et moyens utilisés même en régime de fécondité dite naturelle. Elle démontre l’existence, chez la femme, d’une volonté précoce de limiter le nombre des naissances et d’opposer une certaine résistance à la norme sociale et morale. Mais cette volonté ne transparaît pas (ou très peu) dans les mesures du niveau de fécondité en raison du caractère généralement inefficace des recours utilisés.Le texte explore aussi le rapport social régissant les comportements sexuels dans le mariage. Une importante distinction est proposée entre la sexualité proprement dite, qui serait sous le contrôle de l’homme principalement (fréquence, modalités des rapports), et la procréation, dont la responsabilité relèverait surtout de la femme. Celle-ci se trouverait ainsi coincée entre les attentes du mari à l’échelle microsociale et les impératifs de l’Église et de l’État à l’échelle macrosociale. L’auteur pense qu’en définitive, la domination de la femme découlait plus de facteurs sociétaux que de la dynamique conjugale proprement dite.
Le système de santé au Québec bilan historique et perspective d’avenir
Authors: Desrosiers Georges
Published: September 2012

L'auteur décrit les principales caractéristiques du système de santé québécois et montre comment elles s'enracinent dans une histoire qui pour certaines remontent aussi loin qu'au tout début du siècle. Il présente les différents facteurs d'ordre technique, économique, politique et social qui peuvent les expliquer. Il montre, en particulier, l'influence déterminante du gouvernement fédéral tout au long du siècle. Enfin, il laisse entrevoir l'orientation que le système de santé québécois pourrait prendre à l'aube du XXIe siècle.
Les institutrices rurales du Bas-Canada : incompétentes et inexpérimentées?
Authors: Dufour Andrée
Published: September 2012

Cet article entend projeter une image plus précise des institutrices ayant travaillé dans les écoles de campagne du Bas-Canada de 1825 à 1860. On y soutient que le processus de féminisation du métier d'enseignant a été trop rapidement attribué aux maigres salaires consentis à de toutes jeunes filles, jugées à tort inexpérimentées, incompétentes et passives. Appuyée sur des sources nouvelles, l'analyse révèle un processus plus complexe qui s'amorce très tôt au Québec, dès le premier tiers du XIXe siècle, et qui tient davantage des difficultés financières et des préférences des communautés locales, de l'appropriation du métier par les institutrices, du retrait des hommes de l'enseignement primaire et des politiques des autorités scolaires. Possédant souvent une expérience de plusieurs années ainsi qu'une formation jugée adéquate et manifestant un réel souci d'améliorer leurs connaissances et leur pratique, les institutrices rurales ont apporté une contribution essentielle à l'entreprise de scolarisation de l'ensemble de la jeunesse bascanadienne.
De Jeanne d’Arc à Madelaine de Verchères la femme guerrière dans la société d’ancien régime
Authors: Gervais Diane , Lusignan Serge
Published: September 2012

Malgré l'interdit fait aux femmes de participer activement au combat dans la société d'Ancien Régime, il était parfois acceptable qu'elles interviennent activement par les armes, lorsqu'une situation militaire devenait critique. Le processus par lequel une femme se faisait soldat était très bien codé et peut être comparé aux rituels d'inversion des rôles décrits par les anthropologues. L'article examine le cas de trois femmes guerrières: Jeanne d'Arc, qui combattit les Anglais pour le compte de Charles VII, Jeanne Hachette, qui participa à la défense de Beauvais (France) lors du siège dirigé par le duc de Bourgogne en 1472, et Madeleine de Verchères, qui se battit pour défendre le fort de son père contre une attaque des Iroquois en 1692. L'analyse met en lumière un processus en trois étapes au cours duquel la femme devient guerrière. Premièrement, on distingue une courte période de rupture durant laquelle elle cesse de se comporter en femme et fait accepter sa nouvelle conduite comme soldat par le groupe social. Dans un deuxième temps, qui dure aussi longtemps que pèse la menace, elle participe activement au combat contre les ennemis. Une dernière étape du processus a pour fonction de la ramener à son état féminin antérieur. L'article est complété par une nouvelle édition des deux lettres de Madeleine de Verchères.
Une organisation maternaliste au Québec la Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste et la bataille pour le vote des femmes
Authors: Hébert Karine
Published: September 2012

Cet article présente, à la lumière des développements récents de l'historiographie féministe, une nouvelle interprétation de la Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste. Cette réinterprétation se base sur un concept assez nouveau: le maternalisme, défini comme une catégorie d'analyse utilisée pour qualifier les mouvements de femmes chez qui la maternité constituait le point central de l'idéologie et de l'argumentation. Nous examinons, entre autres, le modèle féminin véhiculé par la FNSJB pour constater qu'il correspondait au modèle traditionnel de « la femme », celui qui effectuait une équation entre la femme et la mère. La maternité n'était toutefois pas perçue par la FNSJB comme une fonction limitative, mais bien comme une ouverture vers la société. Elle a donc dû redéfinir les frontières entre les sphères privée et publique pour permettre aux femmes de transgresser celles du foyer et faire bénéficier la société de leur influence maternelle. Le cadre d'analyse élaboré dans la première partie est ensuite appliqué à un cas concret de revendication: la bataille pour le vote des femmes.
Le difficile pari de la reconstruction du parti conservateur fédéral au Québec
(1925-1926)
Authors: Michaud Nelson
Published: September 2012

Été 1926. La vie politique canadienne est en crise puisque ses institutions
démocratiques paraissent menacées. Pour la première fois, il semble impossible de
constituer un gouvernement stable. Au centre de cette crise, on trouve deux partis,
deux hommes: les libéraux de William Lyon Mackenzie King et les conservateurs
d'Arthur Meighen se disputent le droit de diriger le pays. Pour les conservateurs,
la commande est de taille puisqu'ils ressentent encore profondément, surtout au
Québec, les retombées de leur politique conscriptionniste. Cet article analyse les
stratégies utilisées par l'équipe de Meighen pour reconquérir la confiance d'un
électorat sceptique, mais non sans avoir d'abord relevé les défis que présentent un
parti divisé, un pays déchiré et un Parlement ambivalent.
Lever des chevelures en Nouvelle-France : la politique française du paiement des scalps1
Authors: Lozier Jean-François
Published: September 2012

Entre 1692 et 1760, les autorités coloniales françaises offrirent de façon intermittente des récompenses en marchandises aux guerriers autochtones qui leur apportaient des chevelures ennemies. Plusieurs historiens ont attribué à tort à la politique française de paiement des scalps les mêmes modalités qu’avaient celles des colonies anglaises. Or notre examen du sujet révèle le caractère fort particulier et cohérent de la politique de la Nouvelle-France. Les primes furent perçues comme un des moyens les plus efficaces d’assurer la survie de la présence coloniale française en encourageant les alliés amérindiens à prendre le sentier de la guerre. Elles n’eurent pas pour autant comme effet de dénaturer les coutumes de ces derniers ou de subordonner leur intérêts.
Vers un cadre théorique de l’entreprise réseau
Authors: H’Mida Souad , Lakhal Salem Y.
Published: September 2012

Nous proposons dans ce document un ensemble d’hypothèses sur lesquelles un cadre théorique pour l’entreprise réseau pourrait s’appuyer. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous analysons, d’une part, le cadre théorique de l’entreprise traditionnelle basé essentiellement sur la théorie économique néoclassique, la théorie des coûts de transaction, la théorie de l’avantage concurrentiel basé sur les ressources, la théorie de l’avantage concurrentiel basé sur les activités et la théorie de l’organisation industrielle. D’autre part, nous définissons l’entreprise réseau et présentons ses principales caractéristiques. En confrontant les hypothèses de base de ce cadre traditionnel aux caractéristiques de l’entreprise réseau, nous montrons qu’elles ne constituent pas une base adéquate pour modéliser cette dernière. D’où la pertinence de l’ensemble des hypothèses proposées.
« Les pères ont ici leur devoir »
Authors: Duhaime Vincent
Published: September 2012

Dans le cadre du débat sur la condition masculine au Québec, de nombreuses voix déplorent le déclin de la figure paternelle en montrant du doigt le mouvement féministe des années 1960 : le brusque renversement des rôles parentaux traditionnels qu’il a provoqué aurait eu sur les hommes l’effet d’un traumatisme. L’état actuel des connaissances sur l’histoire de la paternité nous empêche toutefois de mesurer la véritable ampleur des récentes mutations du modèle paternel. Cet article reconstitue la conception du père idéal diffusée dans les publications du mouvement familial au cours des années 1940 et 1950, période pendant laquelle la paternité devient un enjeu important. Soucieux de protéger la famille contre les menaces de la société moderne, ses animateurs encouragent les hommes à s’engager pleinement dans leur rôle parental et à participer davantage à la vie domestique. Mais pour éviter que leur intégration dans un espace associé à la féminité ne soit perçue comme une menace à leur identité, ils tentent de construire un modèle paternel distinct de la maternité et compatible avec la conception dominante de la masculinité. Ce modèle limite grandement le rôle du père dans la famille, mais en faisant du foyer le nouveau pôle d’attraction de l’identité masculine, il annonce dans une certaine mesure le bouleversement des rôles auquel on assiste dans le dernier tiers du xxe siècle.
Partir pour la ville : étude des caractéristiques des pensionnaires dans la ville de Québec au tournant du XXe siècle
Authors: Laflamme Valérie
Published: September 2012

Le présent travail, qui se veut exploratoire, cherche à faire sortir de l'ombre le groupe des personnes qui paient pension à un particulier ou à un établissement de pension pour que leur soient fournis nourriture et logement, ceux qu'on appelle les pensionnaires. À partir des données nominatives du recensement canadien de 1901 pour la ville de Québec, nous tentons de dégager certaines des caractéristiques sociodémographiques de ces pensionnaires. Cette analyse met en évidence l'hétérogénéité de la population des pensionnaires. Il en ressort qu'être pensionnaire est une pratique sexuée et liée à l'âge. Les pensionnaires sont originaires des régions rurales aussi bien qu'urbaines et rien n'indique une surreprésentation d'une communauté ethnoreligieuse particulière. Enfin, leur répartition socioprofessionnelle souligne à nouveau l'hétérogénéité de la population des pensionnaires.
Les représentations sociales de l’alimentation : convergences et divergences entre enfants, parents et enseignants
Authors: Lavallée Marguerite , Garnier Catherine , Quesnel Martine , Marchildon Annie , Bouchard Lucie
Published: September 2012

L’alimentation est une activité à multiples facettes dont il faut tenir compte afin de comprendre le développement et le maintien des habitudes alimentaires. Face au constat récent d’une augmentation significative des dysfonctionnements alimentaires chez des enfants de plus en plus jeunes (embonpoint, obésité, etc.), une étude sur les représentations sociales de l’alimentation a été menée dans trois quartiers socio-économiques contrastés de la région de Montréal. Cet article fait état des résultats obtenus dans une des tâches présentées, les associations libres effectuées à partir de deux mots inducteurs, « manger » et « santé », chez trois groupes en interaction : des enfants de la maternelle et du primaire, leurs parents et leurs enseignants. Outre la contribution théorique et méthodologique qu’apportent ces résultats, les convergences et divergences observées offrent des pistes d’interprétation intéressantes sur le rôle des facteurs socio-économiques, socio-culturels et développementaux dans la façon de se représenter l’acte de manger et la santé et cela, dès le plus jeune âge des enfants. Des suggestions sont apportées pour tenter d’approfondir l’étude de cet acte humain bien complexe dans une perspective intégrative et dynamique.
À l’ombre des clochers
Authors: Vanderpelen-Diagre1 Cécile
Published: September 2012

Bien que le poids de l’Église catholique se fasse fortement ressentir dans la vie culturelle et sociale du Québec de l’entre-deux-guerres, la littérature n’est pas marquée explicitement par cette influence. Jusqu’à la fondation de la revue La Relève (1934), romans et poèmes expriment la foi de leur auteur de manière latente. Il n’y a donc pas de la part des écrivains la volonté de produire une littérature « engagée », comparable aux oeuvres du « renouveau littéraire catholique » français et belge qui se développe à la même période. Afin de tenter d’expliquer ce phénomène, cette étude analyse l’articulation entre le monde catholique québécois et la littérature dans ses manifestations institutionnelles (les revues, les prix) et individuelles, grâce à l’examen de romans et de personnalités significatifs.
Fuir la ville
Authors: Dagenais Michèle
Published: September 2012

La présence importante de l’eau et l’abondance de rives dans la région montréalaise ont attiré des générations de citadins en quête de lieux de loisirs et de vie, proches de la nature. Cet article met au jour la manière dont évoluent les rapports des villégiateurs à leur environnement naturel entre 1890 et 1940. Pour multiples que soient leurs définitions, les villégiateurs partagent une vision instrumentale de la nature, considérée comme un moyen pour se constituer des milieux de vie sur mesure, servant à l’affirmation de leur pouvoir et de leur prestige tout comme à la consolidation de leur identité sociale. Terme dont la puissance d’évocation est sans limites, la nature ne livre pas elle-même son propre sens. Ses significations se construisent à travers les valeurs dont elle est investie, les rêves qu’elle nourrit, les projets et les usages auxquels elle donne vie.