bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accounting for intensity variation in image analysis of large‐scale multiplexed clinical trial datasets
Authors: Frei Anja L , McGuigan Anthony , Sinha Ritik RAK , Glaire Mark A , Jabbar Faiz , Gneo Luciana , Tomasevic Tijana , Harkin Andrea , Iveson Tim J , Saunders Mark , Oein Karin , Maka Noori , Pezella Francesco , Campo Leticia , Hay Jennifer , Edwards Joanne , Sansom Owen J , Kelly Caroline , Tomlinson Ian , Kildal Wanja , Kerr Rachel S , Kerr David J , Danielsen Håvard E , Domingo Enric ,   TransSCOT Consortium, Church David N , Koelzer Viktor H
Published: September 2023

Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) imaging can provide comprehensive quantitative and spatial information for multiple immune markers for tumour immunoprofiling. However, application at scale to clinical trial samples sourced from multiple institutions is challenging due to pre‐analytical heterogeneity. This study reports an analytical approach to the largest multi‐parameter immunoprofiling study of clinical trial samples to date. We analysed 12,592 tissue microarray (TMA) spots from 3,545 colorectal cancers sourced from more than 240 institutions in two clinical trials (QUASAR 2 and SCOT) stained for CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, FoxP3, pan‐cytokeratin, and DAPI by mIF. TMA slides were multi‐spectrally imaged and analysed by cell‐based and pixel‐based marker analysis. We developed an adaptive thresholding method to account for inter‐ and intra‐slide intensity variation in TMA analysis. Applying this method effectively ameliorated inter‐ and intra‐slide intensity variation improving the image analysis results compared with methods using a single global threshold. Correlation of CD8 data derived by our mIF analysis approach with single‐plex chromogenic immunohistochemistry CD8 data derived from subsequent sections indicates the validity of our method (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients ρ between 0.63 and 0.66, p ≪ 0.01) as compared with the current gold standard analysis approach. Evaluation of correlation between cell‐based and pixel‐based analysis results confirms equivalency (ρ > 0.8, p ≪ 0.01, except for CD20 in the epithelial region) of both analytical approaches. These data suggest that our adaptive thresholding approach can enable analysis of mIF‐stained clinical trial TMA datasets by digital pathology at scale for precision immunoprofiling.
“Fifth‐day fits” revisited: A literature review of benign idiopathic neonatal seizures and comparison with KCNQ2‐ and KCNQ3‐associated benign familial epilepsy syndromes
Authors: Kannan Varun , Pareek Aishwarya V. , Das Abhijit R. , Gay Charles T. , Riviello James J.
Published: September 2023

Benign idiopathic neonatal seizures (BINS), colloquially referred to as the “fifth‐day fits,” is a clinical neonatal epilepsy syndrome associated with early, spontaneous resolution of seizures and favorable developmental outcome. Although this disease entity was first described over four decades ago, the etiopathogenesis remains unknown, and it is unclear if the syndrome represents a single, cohesive disorder or a common manifestation of various unrelated neonatal neurological disturbances. As such, there are no standardized approaches to diagnostic workup and management. Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS) is a well‐characterized genetic syndrome associated with KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 pathogenic variants, which also manifests clinically with self‐resolving seizures in the neonatal period. While it remains unclear if there is any shared pathogenesis between these two disorders, the exceedingly similar phenotypic presentations and natural history raise the question of whether consensus management approaches used in genetic BFNS can also be applied to BINS. Here, we present a topical and historical review of BINS and BFNS literature and propose specific treatment recommendations based on extrapolation of limited existing clinical data.
Understanding the Role of Base Species on Reversed Cu Catalyst in Ring Opening of Furan Compounds to 1, 2‐Pentanediol
Authors: Li Huixiang , Nie Xuezhong , Du Hong , Zhao Yang , Mu Junju , Zhang Z. Conrad
Published: September 2023

The hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furan compounds provides a sustainable pathway for the production of various valuable chemicals; product selectivity among multiple reaction pathways of furan compound hydrogenation is crucially dependent on catalytic sites; however controlling reaction pathways remains challenging due to the lack of identification and understanding of active sites. In this work we reveal the role of base sites in furfural selective hydrogenation through deliberately designed and synthesized reversed catalysts, basic metal oxides and hydroxide on Cu. It is demonstrated that base species greatly enhanced the selectivity of 1, 2‐pentanediol (1, 2‐PeD) from furfural, presenting a nearly fourfold increase of 1, 2‐PeD: methyl furan ratio over the Cu based reverse catalysts. A combination of infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations demonstrates the strong interaction between the C−O−C bond in furan ring and the catalyst surface in preferentially parallel adsorption mode in the presence of base species on Cu, thus facilitating the activation of C−O−C bond to produce 1, 2‐PeD. This work provides a strategy of designing reversed catalyst to study the effect of promoters and reveals the role of base sites in the hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furan compounds to diols.
The cost‐effectiveness of NT‐proBNP for assessment of suspected acute heart failure in the emergency department
Authors: Walkley Ryan , Allen A. Joy , Cowie Martin R. , Maconachie Ross , Anderson Lisa
Published: September 2023

Aims

When relying on clinical assessment alone, an estimated 22% of acute heart failure (AHF) patients are missed, so clinical guidelines recommend the use of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) for AHF diagnosis. Since publication of these guidelines, there has been poor uptake of NT‐proBNP testing in part due to concerns over excessive false positive referrals resulting from the low specificity of a single ‘rule‐out’ threshold of <300 pg/mL. Low specificity can be mitigated by the addition of age‐specific ‘rule‐in’ NT‐proBNP thresholds.

Methods and results

A theoretical hybrid decision tree/semi‐Markov model was developed, combining global trial and audit data to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of NT‐proBNP testing using age‐specific rule‐in/rule‐out (RI/RO) thresholds, compared with NT‐proBNP RO only and with clinical decision alone (CDA). Cost‐effectiveness was measured as the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained and incremental net health benefit. In the base case, using UK‐specific inputs, NT‐proBNP RI/RO was associated with both greater QALYs and lower costs than CDA. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of £20 000/QALY, NT‐proBNP RO was also cost‐effective compared with CDA [incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £8322/QALY], but not cost‐effective vs. RI/RO (ICER of £64 518/QALY). Overall, NT‐proBNP RI/RO was the most cost‐effective strategy. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were undertaken; the conclusions were not impacted by plausible variations in parameters, and similar conclusions were obtained for the Netherlands and Spain.

Conclusions

An NT‐proBNP strategy that combines an RO threshold with age‐specific RI thresholds provides a cost‐effective alternative to the currently recommended NT‐proBNP RO only strategy, achieving greater diagnostic specificity with minimal reduction in sensitivity and thus reducing unnecessary echocardiograms and hospital admissions.
The potential application of the triboelectric nanogenerator in the new type futuristic power grid intelligent sensing
Authors: Chen Geng , Wang Jie , Xu Guoqiang , Fu Jingjing , Gani Abubakar Balarabe , Dai Jinhong , Guan Dong , Tu Youping , Li Chuanyang , Zi Yunlong
Published: September 2023

To meet the requirements of power grid operation control, constructing an extensive sensor network in the power grid is a future development trend. However, due to the high cost, the difficulty of continuous power supply for a long time, the large amount of energy consumption, and the environmental problems caused by abandoned batteries, the traditional power supply mode based on batteries for sensors is inconsistent with China's goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It cannot meet the needs of the future grid. Therefore, it is significant to solve the energy supply problem of numerous sensors to promote the construction of new power grid and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As an emerging energy harvesting device, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are suitable for developing self‐powered sensors and powering low‐power sensors due to their mall size, high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness. At the same time, due to the abundant, stable, and widely distributed magnetic field around the equipment in the grid, it can provide continuous excitation for the TENG. Therefore, applying magnetic field energy‐harvesting TENG in the future power grid has a broad development prospect. This paper analyzes the development trend and the crucial problems facing the power grid in the future. We review the research and application of TENG based on the magnetic field in recent years and explain the mechanism of TENG in detail. Finally, the application prospect of TENG in the future power grid has been prospected. This paper can provide a reference for applying magnetic field energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators in future power grids.

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Litigation—Renewables: Renewables Ruse: Preparing for the Quiet Campaign Against Renewable Energy
Authors: Wedeking Jim
Published: September 2023

Publicly, national environmental groups such as the Sierra Club and Natural Resources Defense Council love renewable energy. They loudly portray wind and solar power projects as the noble protagonists combating the toxic villainy of coal‐fired power plants while creating innumerable “green jobs” along the way.
Natural Gas & Electricity Pricing: Natural Gas Could Bring Overseas Jobs Back to United States
Authors: Bodell Tanya
Published: September 2023

After decades of bemoaning trends related to offshoring and losing jobs overseas, murmurings about manufacturing job creation in the United States are turning into a buzz. The conference circuit features programs on reshoring America and a Wall Street Journal blogger called US manufacturing a “bright spot amid global weakness.” Although pundits may point to a broader economic recovery as the cause, the availability of shale oil and gas deserve credit. The shale revolution is creating new jobs in America and bringing manufacturing back from overseas.
Impact of knowledge management on job satisfaction and organizational performance among healthcare employees: A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Fadaie Nasrin , Lakbala Parvin , Ghanbarnejad Amin
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Organizational knowledge management (KM) involves creating, preserving, and sharing employees' knowledge. This approach can enhance efficiency, improve performance, and boost job satisfaction (JS) throughout all aspects of the organization. This research aimed to investigate the effect of three variables of KM, JS, and organizational performance (OP) on the employees of the Health and Treatment Network in Haji Abad City.

Methods

A study was conducted with 211 employees, such as physicians, nurses, and technicians. These employees worked in various sections, such as hospitals, health centers, rural centers, and emergency centers within the Health and Treatment Network of Haji Abad City. Newman and Kenard's KM, Hersey and Goldsmith's OP, and Smith, Kendall & Hulin's Job Satisfaction Questionnaires were used. The statistical software LISREL 8.8 was used to conduct structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results

The results indicate that the structural equation models had a good fit. Significant positive relationships exist between KM processes (creation, retention, and application) and JS. No significant relationship was found between knowledge transfer and JS. The coefficient obtained from SEM between knowledge retention and OP was 0.74, indicating a strong and direct correlation between the two variables. The standardized coefficients for the relationship between knowledge creation and retention and JS were 0.45 and 0.33, respectively. This indicates a positive and direct effect of knowledge creation and retention on JS. All KM processes positively predict OP.

Conclusion

The research model had a good fit, and the KM processes had a positive effect on performance and JS. However, no significant relationship was found between knowledge transfer and JS among employees in the Health and Treatment Network. More research is needed to identify mediating variables and factors influencing this phenomenon in healthcare centers.
Elucidating the significance of molecular interaction between sulphur doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and serum albumin using multispectroscopic approach
Authors: Mahanthappa Mallappa , Savanur Mohammed Azharuddin , Ramu Jagadish , Tatagar Asma
Published: September 2023

Ingenious nanomaterials with improved biocompatibility and multifunctional properties are gaining vital significance in biomedical applications, including advanced drug delivery and nanotheranostics. In a biological system, these nanoparticles interact with serum proteins forming a dynamic corona that affects their biological or toxicological properties producing undesirable effects. Thus, the current study focuses on the synthesis of sulphur‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO/S NPs) and characterizing their mechanism of interaction with serum proteins using multispectroscopic approach. ZnO/S NPs were synthesized by employing a co‐precipitation approach and characterized using various analytical techniques. The results of interaction studies demonstrated that ZnO/S NPs interact with serum albumins via the static quenching process. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH and ΔS) revealed that the binding process is spontaneous, exothermic and van der Waals force or hydrogen bonding plays a major role. The interaction of ZnO/S NPs with tyrosine residue in bovine serum albumin was established by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. In addition, the results of UV–visible, circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared, Forster's resonance energy transfer theory and dynamic light scattering spectroscopic studies revealed that the ZnO/S NPs interact with albumin by inducing the conformational changes in secondary structure and reducing the α‐helix content.
Assessing the response of rare and common plant species to human induced rangeland degradation at a landscape scale in western Iran
Authors: Faramarzi Marzban , Isselstein Johannes
Published: September 2023

Knowledge of plant species distribution and abundance at different landscape scales and management‐induced degradation is essential for the conservation, planning, and enhancement of the biodiversity of rangelands. In this study, additive partitioning of species diversity based on contribution diversity was used to analyze the interaction of landscape scale and grazing intensity factor to better understand the distribution of rare and common species. A total of 64 units (quadrats) were sampled by using a nested hierarchical sampling design at three scales of two regions (semi‐arid vs. Mediterranean), four sites, and four quadrats in both exclosure and grazing areas. The regional‐scale species richness (γs(q)) was calculated by the sum of the quadrat (αs(q)) and site (βs(q)) scale contributions to the region. The calculated rank of αs(q) indicated that an abundance of rare species for exclosures (α < 0.05) and the Mediterranean area (α < 0.01) was significantly greater than for grazing and the arid area, respectively. The highly palatable plants significantly correlated (α < 0.01) with the contribution diversity components (alpha/beta) in the exclosure areas but not in grazed areas. Furthermore, of the measured explanatory variables, the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil was significantly negatively related to γs(q) which shows a sensitivity of rare species to the variable environmental conditions that are related to human influences interacting with soil and climatic conditions. The vegetation attributes of biomass and vegetation cover were significantly (α < 0.01) higher for managed exclosure sites than the grazed areas. The findings of this investigation demonstrate an increasing trend for rare species in managed and better environmental conditions. In conclusion, the protection and restoration of plant species diversity in semi‐arid and Mediterranean grasslands in western Iran are possible through the application of sustainable management practices by decision‐makers and managers.
Preparation of Multifunctional Regio‐ and Stereo‐Regular hb‐Polyamines via C(sp3)─H Activation‐Based Polyamination of Internal Alkynes
Authors: Li Mingzhao , Wang Jia , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2023

Hyperbranched polymers have been widely applied in various fields because of their good solubility, high reactive end groups, and low viscosity, etc. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop new strategies to build multifunctional hyperbranched polymers with novel architectures. In this work, a C(sp3)─H activation‐based polymerization of internal alkynes and bifunctional secondary amines is successfully established, and multifunctional hyperbranched polyamines (hb‐PAs) with 100% E‐isomers and high molecular weights (Mw up to 76 500) are prepared in good yields (up to 82%). The hb‐PAs containing tetraphenylethylene moiety show unique aggregation‐enhanced emission properties and can be used for explosive detection with a low limit of detection (9.14 × 10−8 m). Notably, the hb‐PAs display high refractive indices (up to 1.7607) that can be further modulated to 1.7825 by the coordination of its peripheral ethynyl group with metallic cobalt. Moreover, the hyperbranched structure endows the hb‐PAs with much better properties than their linear counterparts, such as higher photoluminescence quantum yields and refractive indices. In addition, the hb‐PAs can be modified by a C(sp3)─H activation reaction of internal alkynes and alcohols. This work not only prepares a series of functional nitrogen‐containing hyperbranched polymers but also promotes the application of C(sp3)─H activation in polymer chemistry.
When cardinals determine the power set: inner models and Härtig quantifier logic
Authors: Väänänen Jouko , Welch Philip D.
Published: September 2023

We show that the predicate “x is the power set of y” is ‐definable, if V = L[E] is an extender model constructed from a coherent sequences of extenders, provided that there is no inner model with a Woodin cardinal. Here is a predicate true of just the infinite cardinals. From this we conclude: the validities of second order logic are reducible to , the set of validities of the Härtig quantifier logic. Further we show that if no L[E] model has a cardinal strong up to one of its ℵ‐fixed points, and , the Löwenheim number of this logic, is less than the least weakly inaccessible δ, then (i) is a limit of measurable cardinals of K, and (ii) the Weak Covering Lemma holds at δ.
Melatonin: Avenues in cancer therapy and its nanotechnological advancements
Authors: Putta Chandra Lekha , Eswar Kalyani , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: September 2023

Cancer is one of the most prevailing causes of mortality worldwide. Standard therapies for cancer patients include surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, chemoresistance and toxicity are clinical implications of advanced disease. New treatments are obliged to overcome these challenges. According to clinical investigations, melatonin (MLT) has the potential to prevent and cure cancer. It is nontoxic and has a plethora of anticancer properties including apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and metastasis‐inhibitory mechanisms. It enhances the therapeutic sensitivity of malignancies when coupled with conventional medications. The investigations that demonstrate how MLT possesses antitumor characteristics are reviewed in this manuscript. We provided an overview of recent research on the etiology, factors associated, therapeutic property of MLT on various cancer types. We discussed the clinical implications of MLT alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutic drugs or radiation therapy. Furthermore, we have addressed the mechanisms of its anticancer activities against several types of cancers along with research findings of various investigations done by researchers and advancements in the field of nanotechnology for efficient delivery of MLT. The recent clinical investigations of MLT in various cancer types are reported in this review.
Factors associated with the initiation of laxative use in the same patients with schizophrenia over a 20‐year period: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kawamata Yasushi , Sugawara Norio , Sasaki Taro , Yokoyama Saaya , Okayasu Hiroaki , Shinozaki Masataka , Takeuchi Yoshitaka , Sato Aoi , Ishikawa Takaaki , Komahashi‐Sasaki Hazuki , Miyazaki Kensuke , Fukasawa Takashi , Furukori Hanako , Yasui‐Furukori Norio
Published: September 2023

Background

Constipation is a common adverse effect of antipsychotics, but little investigation has been conducted. We aimed to address the factors associated with the initiation of laxative use in the same patients with schizophrenia over a 20‐year period.

Methods

We enrolled patients with schizophrenia attending each hospital (n = 14) from April 1, 2021, and retrospectively examined all prescriptions as of April 1, 2016, 2011, 2006, and 2001, every 5 years starting in 2021, for this population. 716 participants with complete data were included in the analysis. The Cochran Q test followed by Bonferroni correction and the Cochran–Armitage trend test were used to determine the differences and trends of the frequency of each laxative. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors on the initiation of laxative use over a 20‐year period.

Results

Of the patients, 25.1% were treated with laxatives in 2001, and 34.1% were treated in 2021. The numbers of patients treated with any laxatives significantly differed over the 20‐year period, with a significant increasing trend. In all laxatives, the numbers of patients treated with magnesium oxide, lubiprostone and elobixibat differed with a significant increasing trend. Female sex, age, the total DZP equivalent dose, and the doses of levomepromazine maleate, olanzapine, quetiapine, zotepine, lithium, and carbamazepine in 2021 were significant factors associated with the initiation of laxative use over the 20‐year period.

Conclusions

Careful monitoring is needed for patients treated with levomepromazine maleate, olanzapine, quetiapine and zotepine. Optimizing prescriptions according to treatment guidelines could reduce antipsychotic‐induced constipation.
Solar‐driven co‐evolution of H2 and H2O2 from pure water splitting over emerging photocatalysts: Detailed mechanism and future outlook
Authors: Zhu Qiaohong , Wu Jiaqi , Du Mengmeng , Zhang Ning , Qiu Bocheng
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen (H2) energy is projected as a rising star to support the future society, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is widely utilized as a raw material in medical and chemical fields. Photocatalytic water splitting might enable an entire and sustainable environment for natural H2 evolution and concurrent H2O2 production, thus receiving increasing attention and realizing continuous achievements in recent years. However, such a reaction still suffers from the lacking of well‐designed photocatalytic systems with abundant active sites, and the efficiency is still far away from the standard of industrial‐scale application. Benefiting from constant experimental and theoretical investigations, this choke point has been considered by constructing diverse photocatalysts with modulated electronic, chemical, and physical properties. In this sense, this review critically outlines the state‐of‐the‐art progress on water splitting for H2 and H2O2 production over discovered photocatalytic systems, including titanium dioxide, carbon nitride, metal sulfides, etc. The general principles, including the thermodynamics and kinetics analysis, emerging issues, and corresponding strategies, are discussed. Significantly, some lessons drawn from the previous literature concerning simultaneous H2 and H2O2 production are proposed, and the main challenges in the future developments are summarized and clearly considered. This review aims to give a deep understanding of the photocatalytic water splitting for H2 and H2O2 co‐evolution and show some solutions to the future challenges in this field.
Extended concrete capacity design method for anchors close to non‐rectangular edges
Authors: Mellios Nikolaos , Spyridis Panagiotis , Bergmeister Konrad
Published: September 2023

Fastenings in concrete are widely applicable in construction. A significant benefit of fastening technology lies in the fact that it can adapt to various geometries and construction sequences. As a result, the need to design and realize a fastening in structural elements with unconventional geometric configurations can be encountered. Existing design standards rely on the concrete capacity design (CCD) method for concrete‐related failures, which typically covers detailing situations with rectangular configurations of the fastenings and the concrete members. However, the lack of guidelines for a wider range of applications may lead to over‐conservative dimensioning or design constraints. This study investigates the influence of beveled concrete edges on the load‐bearing behavior of anchors. As part of the research, a series of experiments and numerical simulations were conducted. The results derived from the investigations are used to develop an analytical concept that extends the area of applicability of the CCD method and can be used for reliable dimensioning of fastenings close to non‐rectangular concrete edges and geometrical boundaries.
Developing and using a scalable assessment to measure preservice elementary teachers' content knowledge for teaching about matter
Authors: Castellano Katherine E. , Mikeska Jamie N.
Published: September 2023

There is strong agreement in science teacher education of the importance of teachers' content knowledge for teaching (CKT), which includes their subject matter knowledge and their pedagogical content knowledge. However, there are limited instruments that can be easily administered and scored on a large scale to assess and study elementary science teachers' CKT. Such measures would support strategic monitoring of large groups of science teachers' CKT and the investigation of comparative questions about science teachers' CKT longitudinally across the professional continuum or across teacher education or professional development sites. To address this gap, this study focused on designing an automatically scorable summative assessment that can be used to measure preservice elementary teachers' (PSETs') CKT in one high‐leverage science content area: matter and its interactions. We conducted a field test of this CKT instrument with 822 PSETs from across the United States and used the response data to examine how this instrument functions as a potential tool for measuring PSETs' CKT in this science content area. Results suggest this instrument is reliable and can be used on large scale to support valid inferences about PSETs' CKT in this content area. In addition, the dimensionality analysis showed that all items measure a single construct of CKT about matter and its interactions, as participants did not show any differential performance by content topic or work of teaching science instructional tool categories. Implications for progressing the field's understanding of the nature of CKT and approaches to developing summative instruments to assess science teachers' CKT are discussed.
Screening for pre‐eclampsia with competing‐risks model using placental growth factor measurement in blood samples collected before 11 weeks' gestation
Authors: Riishede I. , Ekelund C. K. , Sperling L. , Overgaard M. , Knudsen C. S. , Clausen T. D. , Pihl K. , Zingenberg H. J. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Tabor A. , Rode L. ,   Collaborators
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To describe the distributional properties and assess the performance of placental growth factor (PlGF) measured in blood samples collected before 11 weeks' gestation in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE).

Methods

The study population consisted of pregnant women included in the Pre‐eclampsia Screening in Denmark (PRESIDE) study with a PlGF measurement from the routine combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS) blood sample collected at 8–14 weeks' gestation. PRESIDE was a prospective multicenter study investigating the predictive performance of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first‐trimester screening algorithm for PE in a Danish population. In the current study, serum concentration of PlGF in the cFTS blood samples was analyzed in batches between January and June 2021.

Results

A total of 8386 pregnant women were included. The incidence of PE was 0.7% at < 37 weeks' gestation and 3.0% at ≥ 37 weeks. In blood samples collected at 10 weeks' gestation, PlGF multiples of the median (MoM) were significantly lower in pregnancies with preterm PE < 37 weeks compared to unaffected pregnancies. However, PlGF MoM did not differ significantly between pregnancies with PE and unaffected pregnancies in samples collected before 10 weeks' gestation.

Conclusions

The gestational‐age range for PlGF sampling may be expanded from 11–14 to 10–14 weeks when assessing the risk for PE using the FMF first‐trimester screening model. There is little evidence to support the use of PlGF in blood samples collected before 10 weeks' gestation. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Umami and Salty: A Cooperative Pair
Authors: Dunteman Aubrey , Lee Soo-Yeun
Published: September 2023

Sodium chloride, or salt, has long been added to foods for a variety of purposes. Despite the value it contributes to food in both functionality and sensory aspects, overconsumption increases the risk of many chronic diseases. A great deal of strategies has been used in attempts to maintain the functionality and sensory quality of foods with a reduced-sodium content to assist in reducing the incidence of sodium overconsumption. While strategies focusing on stealth reduction of sodium and modifying the physical structure of the food or salt crystal itself are potential options to food manufacturers hoping to reduce sodium content, strategies that modify the flavor profile of the food may provide viable solutions that do not necessitate lengthy timeframes to implement or costly equipment. Replacement of portions of salt with potassium chloride is arguably the most popular flavor modification strategy to reduce sodium content, although it is not without drawbacks including an often reduced salty taste and a high likelihood of conferring an off-taste. Incorporating umami as a flavor enhancer into reduced-sodium foods takes advantage of the saltiness-enhancing effect typically associated with the umami taste and can be utilized through a variety of different substances. Although monosodium glutamate is a well-known umami-conferring substance with ample investigation into its use in sodium reduced products, incorporation of ribonucleotides, certain amino acids, and umami-heavy ingredients such as tomatoes or mushrooms has also been investigated.
Umami and Healthy Aging
Authors: Kouzuki Minoru , Urakami Katsuya
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on nutrition in older adults and discusses how umami can be used to improve their health. It is necessary to be well nourished in order to stay alive and remain healthy into old age. However, older people are at high risk of becoming malnourished due to age-related changes, such as decreases in saliva production, taste function, food intake, and digestive function. Previous studies have shown that interventions using umami may improve functional changes and nutritional challenges associated with aging. Additionally, reports suggest favorable effects of long-term consumption of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), an umami seasoning agent, on nutritional status, quality of life, and cognitive function in older people. MSG could be used not only to enhance the taste of meals but also to help people live healthier lives through their daily diet.
Indigenous Conceptual Cartographies and Landscape Pedagogy: Vibrant Modalities Across Semiotic Domains
Authors: Zimmerman Michael , O’Donnell Noodin Margaret , Mayes Patricia , Perley Bernard C.
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores how aspects of the landscape can be incorporated in language teaching practices. Drawing on the area of research known as “linguistic landscape,” language teachers have recently begun to see the linguistic landscape as a pedagogical resource. Jaworski and Thurlow’s (2010) work broadens these ideas. They use the termsemiotic landscape, which is “any (public) space with visible inscription made through deliberate human intervention and meaning making” (p. 2). In addition, we link this approach to the notion ofindigenous conceptual cartographies, which we use to describe the multiple ways that indigenous teachers conceptualize language, landscape, and cosmology. This includes physical artifacts of cartographic representation such as maps, signs, and the landscape itself, as well as metaphorical cartographies such as ideas of the landscape, concepts of sustainability, and the relationships between language, landscape, and cosmology. We apply these concepts to one lesson that was organized as a narrated walking tour on the grounds of an indigenous community school, arguing that indigenous ways of learning in the landscape offer a rich experience that promotes not only language learning but also other learning that may help create a sustainable future.
Multilingual Landscapes in Telecollaboration: A Spanish-American Exchange
Authors: Vinagre Margarita , Llopis-García Reyes
Published: September 2023

In this chapter we aim to explore the role that the linguistic landscape (LL) can play in intercultural telecollaborative exchanges. Although research in the field of LL has gained worldwide interest over the last decade and some studies have analyzed its potential for foreign language learning (Cenoz J, Gorter D, Int Rev Appl Linguist Lang Teach 46(3):267–287, 2008; Gorter D, Cenoz J, Knowledge about language and linguistic landscape. In: Hornberger N (ed), Encyclopedia of language and education. Springer Science, Berlin, pp. 1–13, 2007; Dagenais D et al, Linguistic landscape and language awareness. In: Shohamy E, Gorter D (eds), Linguistic landscape: expanding the scenery. Routledge, New York, pp. 253–269, 2009; Gorter D, Ann Rev Appl Linguist 33:190–212, 2013; Malinowski D et al, Language teaching in the linguistic landscape: mobilizing pedagogy in public space. Springer, Berlin, 2020; Niedt G, Seals C (eds) Linguistic landscapes beyond the language classroom. Bloomsbury Academic, New York, 2020; Krompák E et al (eds) Linguistic landscapes and educational spaces. Multilingual Matters, Bristol, 2021; Solmaz O, Przymus S (eds) Linguistic landscapes in English language teaching: a pedagogical guidebook. Available fromhttps://www.llineltproject.com/, 2021), works that analyze its impact for language and culture awareness in telecollaboration are still scarce (Vinagre M, Engaging with difference: integrating the linguistic landscape in virtual exchange. System 105:102750.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102750,2022).

In order to explore these issues, we organized an exchange between undergraduate students of English at Autónoma University in Madrid (UAM) and undergraduate students of Spanish at Columbia University. Over the course of two and a half months the students worked together and discussed a series of topics relating to each other’s and their own cultures. As a final task they were required to take photos of shops, posters, announcements, and walls in their respective cities that showed how English was used in Madrid and how Spanish was used in New York. Findings suggest that attending to the LL as an activity within a telecollaborative exchange provides an ideal opportunity for learning about language diversity from an intercultural perspective. The project also provided evidence of its potential for the creation of a dialogic third space in which participants negotiated their cultural identities.
Was ist Neoliberalismus?
Authors: Lenk Alexander
Published: September 2023

Bei dem Versuch, die aufgeworfene Frage mit geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Lexika-Beiträgen zu klären, zeigen sich Leerstellen und diffuse Erklärungsversuche, wohingegen über die Definition von Liberalismus weitestgehend Einigkeit herrscht: So konstatiert Zöller (2014: 273).
Epilog
Authors: Lenk Alexander
Published: September 2023

Das besondere Subjektivierungs- und Ausbeutungsregime in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft erfordert auch ein Nachwort sui generis. Wie eingangs angekündigt, folgt nun die politische Botschaft der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Dazu werden im Folgenden – entgegen traditionellen akademischen Imperativen – politische Forderungen formuliert. Eine empirische Bodenhaftung erhalten die politischen Schlussfolgerungen durch Aussagen der Interviewteilnehmer*innen zu ihren Zukunftsperspektiven und Wünschen (vgl. Electronic Supplementary Material).
On asymptotic dark energy in string theory
Authors: Cremonini Sera , Gonzalo Eduardo , Rajaguru Muthusamy , Tang Yuezhang , Wrase Timm
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We examine bounds on accelerated expansion in asymptotic regions of the moduli space in string theory compactifications to four spacetime dimensions. While there are conjectures that forbid or constrain accelerated expansion in such asymptotic regions, potential counter examples have been discussed recently in the literature. We check whether such counter examples can arise in explicit string theory constructions, focusing in particular on non-geometric compactifications of type IIB string theory that have no Kähler moduli. We find no violation of the Strong Asymptotic dS Conjecture and thus provide support for the absence of accelerated expansion in asymptotic regions of a barely explored corner of the string landscape. Moreover, working in a simplified setting, we point out a new mechanism for potentially connecting the Sharpened Distance Conjecture and the Strong Asymptotic dS Conjecture. If this argument could be generalized, it would mean that the Sharpened Distance Conjecture is implied by the Strong Asymptotic dS Conjecture, and that their exponential factors are naturally related by a factor of 2.
Time measurement in insect photoperiodism: external and internal coincidence
Authors: Saunders David S.
Published: September 2023

The identity and nature of the photoperiodic photoreceptors are now quite well known, as is the nature of the endocrine regulation of the resulting diapauses. The central problem of time measurement—how the photoperiodic clock differentiates long from short days—however, is still obscure, known only from whole-animal experiments and abstract models, although it is clearly a function of the insect circadian system. This review describes some of these experiments in terms of oscillator entrainment and two widely applicable photoperiodic clock models, external and internal coincidence, mainly using data from experiments on flesh flies (Sarcophaga spp) and the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.
A real-time calibration method for the numerical pollen forecast model COSMO-ART
Authors: Adamov Simon , Pauling Andreas
Published: September 2023

Technologies for monitoring pollen concentrations in real-time made substantial advances in the past years and become increasingly available. This opens the possibility to calibrate numerical pollen forecast models in real-time and make a significant step forward regarding the quality of pollen forecasts. We present a method to use real-time pollen measurements in numerical pollen forecast models. The main idea is to calibrate model parameterizations and not to assimilate measurements in a nudging sense. This ensures that the positive effect persists throughout the forecast period and does not vanish after a few forecast hours. We propose to adapt in real-time both the model phenology scheme and the overall tuning factor that are present in any numerical pollen forecast model. To test this approach, we used the numerical pollen forecast model COSMO-ART (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling-Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) on a mesh size of 1.1 km covering the greater Alpine domain. Test runs covered two pollen seasons and included Corylus, Alnus, Betula and Poaceae pollen. Comparison with daily measurements from 13 Swiss pollen stations revealed that the model improvements are large, but fine-tuning of the method remains a challenge. We conclude that the presented approach is a first valuable step towards comprehensive real-time calibration of numerical pollen forecast models.
Sociodemographic and Behavioral Risk Correlates of PrEP Interest and Use Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles
Authors: Storholm Erik D. , Klein David J. , Pedersen Eric R. , D’Amico Elizabeth J. , Rodriguez Anthony , Garvey Rick , Tucker Joan S.
Published: September 2023

Young adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) are at elevated risk for HIV compared to their stably housed peers. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV infection, yet YAEH have been largely overlooked in PrEP efforts to date despite YAEH reporting high overall interest in PrEP. We assessed individual, social, and structural variables associated with PrEP interest and use among a sample of 195 YAEH (ages 18–25) recruited from drop-in centers across Los Angeles County who met criteria for HIV risk. In the current sample, though most had heard of PrEP (81.0%), the majority were not interested in taking PrEP (68.2%) and only a minority had used/were using PrEP (11.8%). YAEH who identified as sexual and/or gender minority, reported knowing someone who had used PrEP, or recently accessed sexual health services were more likely to have used and/or reported interest in using PrEP. Those who reported more episodes of heavy drinking were less likely to report having used PrEP. Suggestions are provided for better integrating PrEP-related services into existing behavioral and health service programs for YAEH, as well as leveraging peers and fostering positive social norms to reduce PrEP-related stigma and increase interest and use of PrEP among YAEH.
Measuring cryptocurrency moment convergence using distance analysis
Authors: Cheah Jeremy Eng-Tuck , Dao Thong , Su Haozhe
Published: September 2023

This study measures the convergence and divergence of major cryptocurrencies by applying two distance measures used in machine learning. Particularly, the time-varying Euclidean distance measure was constructed by combining the first four moments (i.e. mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis) of the return distributions of cryptocurrencies following the $$\ell ^{2}$$

ℓ
2

-normalisation. It was found that major cryptocurrencies converged to the centroid during the 2018 market crash, but diverged before and after the crash. Their divergence could be due to the uncertainty arising from market news and regulatory events. In addition, Bitcoin cosine similarity measure was developed to provide further insights into the relationship between Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. This cosine similarity shows how each cryptocurrency moves relative to Bitcoin, which is not captured by the Euclidean distance. More importantly, it was demonstrated that the divergence of major cryptocurrencies from their centroids can improve Markowitz’s efficient frontier and provide more diversification benefits to investors and portfolio fund managers. Finally, a profitable trading strategy was provided based on the Euclidean distance.
The great crypto crash in September 2018: why did the cryptocurrency market collapse?
Authors: Manahov Viktor
Published: September 2023

The cryptocurrency crash on the 5th of September, 2018, resulted in price decreases in 95 of the 100 leading digital currencies. We obtained millisecond data of some of the more prominent cryptocurrencies–bitcoin, ethereum, ripple, bitcoin cash and eos–and some of the smaller cryptocurrencies–neo, nem, omg, tezos and lisk–that were most affected in the crash and investigated what caused the digital market to collapse. We find that the behaviour of the more prominent cryptocurrencies and bitcoin, in particular, was the dominant factor behind the crash. We also find that smaller cryptocurrencies followed the behaviour of the larger ones in the crash. Furthermore, our empirical findings show that the trading behaviour of cryptocurrency traders (CTs) did not trigger the digital market crash. We propose the introduction of a single-cryptocurrency circuit breaker most prominent largest cryptocurrency–bitcoin–that will halt trading during market disruptions.
Fairness-aware fake news mitigation using counter information propagation
Authors: Saxena Akrati , Gutiérrez Bierbooms Cristina , Pechenizkiy Mykola
Published: September 2023

Given the adverse impact of fake news propagation on Social media, fake news mitigation has been one of the main research directions. However, existing approaches neglect fairness towards each community while minimizing the adverse impact of fake news propagation. This results in the exclusion of some minor and underrepresented communities from the benefits of the intervention, which can have important societal repercussions. This research proposes a fairness-aware truth-campaigning method, called FWRRS (Fairness-aware Weighted Reversible Reachable System), which focuses on blocking the influence propagation of a competing entity, in this case, with the use case of fake news mitigation. The proposed method employs weighted reversible reachable trees and maximin fairness to achieve its goals. Experimental analysis shows that FWRRS outperforms fairness-oblivious and fairness-aware methods in terms of both total outreach and fairness. The results show that in the proposed approach, such fairness does not come at a cost in efficiency, and in fact, in most cases, it works as a catalyst for achieving better effectiveness in the future. In real-world networks, we observe up to $$\sim $$
∼
10% improvement in the saved nodes and $$\sim $$
∼
57% improvement in maximin fairness as compared to the second best-performing baseline, which varies for each network.