bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism and application of immune interventions in intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiao , Li Yuanwei , Chen Shiling , Wu Xuan , Li Jiarui , Li Gaigai , Tang Zhouping
Published: October 2024

Despite stroke being one of the major and increasing burdens to global health, therapeutic interventions in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) continue to be a challenge. Existing treatment methods, such as surgery and conservative treatment have shown limited efficacy in improving the prognosis of ICH. However, more and more studies show that exploring the specific process of immune response after ICH and taking corresponding immunotherapy may have a definite significance to improve the prognosis of cerebral haemorrhage. Therefore, immune interventions are currently under consideration as therapeutic interventions in the ICH. In this review, we aim to clarify unique immunological features of stroke, and consider the evidence for immune interventions. In acute ICH, activation of glial cells and cell death products trigger an inflammatory cascade that damages vessels and the parenchyma within minutes to hours of the haemorrhage. Immune interventions that ameliorate brain inflammation, vascular permeability and tissue oedema should be administered promptly to reduce acute immune destruction and avoid subsequent immunosuppression. A deeper understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in ICH is likely to lead to successful immune interventions.
Understanding the autophagic functions in cancer stem cell maintenance and therapy resistance
Authors: Niharika  , Garg Minal
Published: October 2024

Complex tumour ecosystem comprising tumour cells and its associated tumour microenvironment (TME) constantly influence the tumoural behaviour and ultimately impact therapy failure, disease progression, recurrence and poor overall survival of patients. Crosstalk between tumour cells and TME amplifies the complexity by creating metabolic changes such as hypoxic environment and nutrient fluctuations. These changes in TME initiate stem cell-like programmes in cancer cells, contribute to tumoural heterogeneity and increase tumour robustness. Recent studies demonstrate the multifaceted role of autophagy in promoting fibroblast production, stemness, cancer cell survival during longer periods of dormancy, eventual growth of metastatic disease and disease resistance. Recent ongoing studies examine autophagy/mitophagy as a powerful survival strategy in response to environmental stress including nutrient deprivation, hypoxia and environmental stress in TME. It prevents irreversible senescence, promotes dormant stem-like state, induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition and increases migratory and invasive potential of tumour cells. The present review discusses various theories and mechanisms behind the autophagy-dependent induction of cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. Given the role of autophagic functions in CSC aggressiveness and therapeutic resistance, various mechanisms and studies based on suppressing cellular plasticity by blocking autophagy as a powerful therapeutic strategy to kill tumour cells are discussed.
Identifying contextual barriers and facilitators in implementing non-specialist interventions for mental health in Sri Lanka: A qualitative study with mental health workers and community members
Authors: Wijekoon Mudiyanselage Kalpani Wijekoon , Jörg Frederike , Mendis Murukkuvadura Sajani Dilhara , Fuhr Daniela C. , Busse Heide
Published: October 2024

Non-specialist mental health interventions serve as a potential solution to reduce the mental healthcare gap in low- and middle-income countries, such as Sri Lanka. However, contextual factors often influence their effective implementation, reflecting a research-to-practice gap. This study, using a qualitative, participatory approach with local mental health workers (n = 9) and potential service users (n = 11), identifies anticipated barriers and facilitators to implementing these interventions while also exploring alternative strategies for reducing the mental healthcare gap in this context. Perceived barriers include concerns about effectiveness, acceptance and feasibility in the implementation of non-specialist mental health interventions (theme 1). The participants’ overall perception that these interventions are a beneficial strategy for reducing the mental healthcare gap was identified as a facilitating factor for implementation (theme 2). Further facilitators relate to important non-specialist characteristics (theme 3), including desirable traits and occupational backgrounds that may aid in increasing the acceptance of this cadre. Other suggestions relate to facilitating the reach, intervention acceptance and feasibility (theme 4). This study offers valuable insights to enhance the implementation process of non-specialist mental health interventions in low-and middle-income countries such as Sri Lanka.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder with compulsive exercise leading to intensive care treatment in an adolescent male: a case report
Authors: Haran Maeve , O’ Brien Michael , Duane Yvonne , Adamson Neil , McNicholas Fiona
Published: October 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (ED) are compulsive disorders with overlapping symptoms. However, weight loss and over-exercise causing secondary medical complications are rarely seen in OCD. We report the case of a 15-year-old male who presented with atypical symptoms of OCD leading to severe medical compromise. Covid-19 related team sport restrictions led to compulsive exercise associated with intrusive thoughts. The onset of stress fractures limited exercise ability, prompting compensatory food restriction. Bradycardia, hypothermia and hypoglycaemia resulted from severe malnourishment and weight loss in the context of OCD. His weight was 85.8% of ideal body weight on admission, reflective of a weight 10–15 kg lower than his premorbid weight. During admission, he developed exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis with significantly elevated creatinine kinase and required intensive care unit treatment. Psychotropic medication included lamotrigine, olanzapine and high dose fluoxetine alongside cognitive-behavioural therapy. Medical stabilisation and weight restoration allowed discharge to an outpatient Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service. This atypical case of OCD highlights the potentially life-threatening risks associated with excessive exercise and malnutrition. This paper highlights the complexities of treatment in a patient who cannot adhere to bed rest and the differential diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, orthorexia nervosa and exercise addiction.
Energy-based characterisation of large-scale coherent structures in turbulent pipe flows
Authors: Massaro D. , Yao J. , Rezaeiravesh S. , Hussain F. , Schlatter P.
Published: October 2024

Large-scale coherent structures in incompressible turbulent pipe flow are studied for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (

$Re_\tau =180, 550, 1000, 2000$

and

$5200$

). Employing the Karhunen–Loève decomposition and a novel approach based on the Voronoi diagram, we identify and classify statistically coherent structures based on their location, dimensions and

$Re_{\tau }$

. With increasing

$Re_{\tau }$

, two distinct classes of structures become more energetic, namely wall-attached and detached eddies. The Voronoi methodology is shown to delineate these two classes without the need for specific criteria or thresholds. At the highest

$Re_{\tau }$

, the attached eddies scale linearly with the wall-normal distance with a slope of approximately

$l_y\sim 1.2y/R$

, while the detached eddies remain constant at the size of

$l_y \approx 0.26R$

, with a progressive shift towards the pipe centre. We extract these two classes of structures and describe their spatial characteristics, including radial size, helix angle and azimuthal self-similarity. The spatial distribution could help explain the differences in mean velocity between pipe and channel flows, as well as in modelling large and very-large-scale motions (LSM and VLSM). In addition, a comprehensive description is provided for both wall-attached and detached structures in terms of LSM and VLSM.
Streamwise energy-transfer mechanisms in zero- and adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Deshpande Rahul , Vinuesa Ricardo
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates streamwise (

$\overline {u^2}$

) energy-transfer mechanisms in the inner and outer regions of turbulent boundary layers (TBLs). Particular focus is placed on the

$\overline {u^2}$

production, its inter-component and wall-normal transport as well as dissipation, all of which become statistically significant in the outer region with increasing friction Reynolds number (

$Re_{\tau }$

). These properties are analysed using published data sets of zero, weak and moderately strong adverse-pressure-gradient (APG) TBLs across a decade of

$Re_{\tau }$

, revealing similarity in energy-transfer pathways for all these TBLs. It is found that both the inner and outer peaks of

$\overline {u^2}$

are always associated with local maxima in the

$\overline {u^2}$

production and its inter-component transport, and the regions below/above each of these peaks are always dominated by wall-ward/away-from-wall transport of

$\overline {u^2}$

, thereby classifying the

$\overline {u^2}$

profiles into four distinct regimes. This classification reveals existence of phenomenologically similar energy-transfer mechanisms in the ‘inner’ and ‘outer’ regions of moderately strong APG TBLs, which meet at an intermediate location coinciding with the minimum in

$\overline {u^2}$

profiles. Conditional averaging suggests existence of similar phenomena even in low

$Re_{\tau }$

canonical and/or weak APG TBLs, albeit with the outer-region mechanisms weaker than those in the inner region. This explains the absence of their

$\overline {u^2}$

outer peak and the dominance of

$\overline {u^2}$

wall-normal transport away from the wall, which potentially originates from the inner region. Given that the wall-ward/away-from-wall transport of

$\overline {u^2}$

is governed by the

$Q_4$

(sweeps)/

$Q_2$

(ejections) quadrants of the Reynolds shear stress, it is argued that the emergence of the

$\overline {u^2}$

outer peak corresponds with the statistical dominance of

$Q_4$

events in the outer region. Besides unravelling the dynamical significance of

$Q_2$

and

$Q_4$

events in the outer region of TBLs, the present analysis also proposes new phenomenological arguments for testing on canonical wall-turbulence data at very high

$Re_{\tau }$

.
A meta-analysis of the prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders and their association with disease onset in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Pascual-Morena Carlos , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Álvarez-Bueno Celia , Lucerón-Lucas-Torres Maribel , Saz-Lara Alicia , Martínez-García Irene
Published: October 2024

There is a high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders in myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 (DM1 and DM2), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in DM1, and depression and anxiety in both DMs. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of ASD, ADHD, depression and anxiety in the population with DM, and their association with disease onset. A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to November 2023. Observational studies estimating the prevalence of these disorders in DM1 or DM2 were included. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of these disorders and an association study with disease onset by prevalence ratio meta-analysis were performed. Thirty-eight studies were included. In DM1, the prevalence of ASD was 14%, with congenital onset being 79% more common than juvenile onset, while the prevalence of ADHD was 21%, with no difference between congenital and juvenile onset, and the prevalence of depression and anxiety were 14% and 16%. Depression was more common in the adult onset. Finally, the prevalence of depression in DM2 was 16%. A higher prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders is observed in individuals with DM1 and DM2 than in the general population. Therefore, actively screening for congenital and juvenile neurodevelopmental disorders in DM1 and emotional disorders in DM1 and DM2 may improve the quality of life of those affected.
The Zero Draft Plastics Treaty: Gaps and challenges
Authors: Vince Joanna , Carney Almroth Bethanie , de Miranda Grilli Natalia , Dwivedi Vaibhavi , Stöfen-O’Brien Aleke , Beyer Josefa
Published: October 2024

After the second Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) for the Plastics Treaty meeting in Paris in June 2023, a Zero Draft of the Treaty was released for comment. Member states involved in the treaty negotiations were to respond to the Zero Draft before the third INC meeting in November 2023 in Nairobi. In this paper, we analyse the content and structure of the Zero Draft. We identify parts of the Zero Draft that work and others that will need further attention. These include applicability to different regions; atmospheric input; recycling and waste management; labelling and standards; harmful chemicals; scientific backing; the circular economy; just transition and climate change. We argue that this draft was a useful starting point for further negotiations for member states and the Revised version of the Zero Draft has resolved some of its shortcomings but not all. These are likely to contribute to further debate during future INC negotiations. We conclude with an overview of INC-3 and INC-4 and how the Zero Draft and Revised Zero Draft were received.
OF WAR AND INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
Authors: Greenman Kathryn
Published: October 2024

In the past decade, the practice of investor–State arbitral tribunals addressing investment protection in the context of armed conflict and military occupation has expanded. This has prompted a growing interest in the relationship between international investment law and international humanitarian law (IHL), two regimes with markedly different relationships to war—IHL more pragmatic and international investment law more idealistic. This article argues that, while its lack of pragmatism might render international investment law ineffective in changing how war is conducted, it is the regime under which States are most likely to be held liable for the conduct of war. This is a result of its more robust primary obligations, more effective enforcement mechanisms and large awards of damages. Nevertheless, comparing international investment law and IHL does also reveal some similarities—the legacy, it is argued, of a time when the laws of war were more about protecting private property and neutral commerce than civilians. Putting these two regimes together in this way exposes international law's uneven distribution of protection in war.
The Deacon in the Parish—II
Authors: Hornef Joseph
Published: October 2024

The Church preaches our Lord through the liturgy, through the works of charity, and through the word. The vocation of deacon involves of its nature the function of preaching God's word (e.g. Stephen and Philip), and giving catechetical instruction to children and adults. To this end the deacon would need not a complete theological training, but a sound grasp of religious knowledge. The parish would not expect him to expatiate on theological problems and principles, but they would require a simple presentation of the faith and the commandments. For this purpose they might expect that by reason of the deacon's personal contact with particular spheres of life, he could be on terms of easy familiarity with them. The deacon could also perform baptisms with the full ceremonies, and burials. If the Church were willing to legislate for it, people coming to be married could confer the sacrament on each other before him.
St Katharine of Egypt
Authors: Sharp Mary
Published: October 2024

Much of our knowledge about Katharine springs from legend, but legends are nearly always based on truths, and if the facts available are doubtful and few, the stories about her tell something of her virtues, of her character, and of the reasons for her death. St Katharine is not mentioned by contemporary writers, and different narrators are not even in agreement as to whether Maxentius or Maximinus was the tyrant who put her to death. She was not a popular saint until the eighth century in the east. Her story is contained in the so-called Menologium Basilianum, a collection of legends compiled for the use of the emperor Basil I who died in 886, and this story has been altered considerably since then.
Shock persistence, uncertainty, and news-driven business cycles
Authors: Lee Kevin , Shields Kalvinder , Turnip Guido
Published: October 2024

This paper distinguishes news about short-lived events from news about changes in longer term prospects using surveys of expectations. Employing a multivariate GARCH-in-Mean model for the US, the paper illustrates how the different types of news influence business cycle dynamics. The influence of transitory output shocks can be relatively large on impact but gradually diminishes over two to three years. Permanent shocks drive the business cycle, generating immediate stock price reactions and gradually building output effects, although they have more immediate output effects during recessions through the uncertainties they create. Markedly different macroeconomic dynamics are found if these explicitly identified types of news or uncertainty feedbacks are omitted from the analysis.
Including carer health-related quality of life in NICE health technology assessments in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kanters Tim A. , van Hezik-Wester Valérie , Boateng Andy , Cranmer Holly , Kvamme Ingelin , Santi Irene , Al-Janabi Hareth , van Exel Job
Published: October 2024

The impact of health technologies may extend beyond the patient and affect the health of people in their network, like their informal carers. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) methods guide explicitly allows the inclusion of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) effects on carers in economic evaluations when these effects are substantial, but the proportion of NICE appraisals that includes carer HRQoL remains small. This paper discusses when inclusion of carer HRQoL is justified, how inclusion can be substantiated, and how carer HRQoL can be measured and included in health economic models. Inclusion of HRQoL in economic evaluations can best be substantiated by data collected in (carers for) patients eligible for receiving the intervention. To facilitate combining patient and carer utilities on the benefit side of economic evaluations, using EQ-5D to measure impacts on carers seems the most successful strategy in the UK context. Alternatives to primary data collection of EQ-5D include vignette studies, using existing values, and mapping algorithms. Carer HRQoL was most often incorporated in economic models in NICE appraisals by employing (dis)utilities as a function of the patient's health state or disease severity. For consistency and comparability, economic evaluations including carer HRQoL should present analyses with and without carer HRQoL.
Is It Just a Game?
Authors: Schroeders Ulrich , Loos Ariane , Wiedemann Sebastian , Jankowsky Kristin
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Building on the long common history of board games and intelligence research, we developed a new deductive reasoning test based on the popular game Mastermind. The research questions of this registered report were: (a) Is a psychometrically sound measurement of the ability to solve Mastermind items possible (i.e., a reliable, uni-dimensional measurement with a good coverage of difficulty)? (b) Is the ability to solve Mastermind items substantially related to other measures of cognitive ability (i.e., matrix test, knowledge test) and need for cognition? (c) Can item difficulty be predicted by the number of colors, positions, premises, and a newly proposed entropy-based index? Based on the results of a pilot study, we developed 30 items and administered them to 351 participants in the preregistered main study using a multiple matrix sampling design. The deductive Mastermind test proved to be (a) a reliable and efficient measure of reasoning across a wide ability range, and (b) showed expectation-consistent patterns for the convergent and divergent measures. (c) The entropy-based index allowed for the prediction of item difficulty to a considerable degree ( R2 = .47). We discuss the ideas of information theory, including entropy, as constructing principles for the rational test development of reasoning tests.
Crystallographic Preferred Orientation of Phase D at High Pressure and Temperature: Implications for Seismic Anisotropy in the Mid‐Mantle
Authors: Wu Wentian , Nishihara Yu , Tsujino Noriyoshi
Published: October 2024

Seismic anisotropy has been widely observed in the lower mantle transition zone and the uppermost lower mantle near several subducting slabs, which is typically attributed to the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of constituent minerals. In this study, well‐controlled uniaxial and simple shear deformation experiments were conducted on Mg‐endmember phase D and Al‐bearing phase D aggregates at 20 GPa and 500–1,000°C. Strong (0001) fabrics were observed in the uniaxially compressed samples. The CPO from all experiments, including extension and simple shear, indicated that the most active slip systems in phase D were <110>(0001) and <100>(0001), with a dominance of <110>(0001). The calculated seismic velocity suggests that the deformed phase D generates positive radial seismic anisotropy (VSH > VSV) in both subhorizontal shearing and subvertical compression, causing significant shear‐wave splitting time. Our results suggest that the observed seismic anisotropy in the mid‐mantle in several cold subduction zones can be well explained by the presence of deformed phase D.
Extreme Precipitation Over the Southern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau and the Associated Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies
Authors: Na Ying , Lu Riyu , Fu Qiang , Leung L. Ruby
Published: October 2024

The southern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (SSTP) is one of the rainiest regions in the world where geological hazards caused by extreme precipitation often occur. This study investigates the characteristics and mechanisms of extreme precipitation over SSTP from June to September during 2001–2020 using Global Precipitation Measurement satellite observation. The extreme precipitation days are defined as the days with top 5% of regional‐mean daily precipitation over SSTP in this period, which has an average precipitation of 27.2 mm/d. Averaging over the extreme precipitation days, precipitation peaks at an altitude of about 300 m, coinciding with the climatological maximum precipitation, but with a much larger value of 37.2 mm/d than the climatology of 11.9 mm/d. Composite analysis of circulations on extreme days reveals significant circulation anomalies in both the lower and upper troposphere. Specifically, the lower‐tropospheric circulations are characterized by significant westerly anomalies over northern India, and the upper‐tropospheric circulations are characterized by northerly anomalies over the central Tibetan Plateau, which are statistically independent. The lower‐tropospheric westerly anomalies blowing toward SSTP are blocked by the topography, favoring extreme precipitation over SSTP. The upper‐tropospheric northerly anomalies, on the other hand, correspond to anomalous northeasterlies north of SSTP in the middle troposphere and southeasterlies to the south in the lower troposphere, and the convergence of these circulation anomalies favors extreme precipitation over SSTP. Lastly, the lower‐tropospheric westerly and upper‐tropospheric northerly anomalies, respectively, correspond to less precipitation over the South Asian monsoon region and the Tibetan Plateau.
A Forensic Investigation of Climate Model Biases in Teleconnections: The Case of the Relationship Between ENSO and the Northern Stratospheric Polar Vortex
Authors: Shen Xiaocen , Kretschmer Marlene , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: October 2024

Teleconnections are crucial in shaping climate variability and regional climate change. The fidelity of teleconnections in climate models is important for reliable climate projections. As the observed sample size is limited, scientific judgment is required when models disagree with observed teleconnections. We illustrate this using the example of the relationship between El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the northern stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), where the MIROC6 large ensemble exhibits an ENSO‐SPV correlation opposite in sign to observations. Yet the model well captures the upward planetary‐wave propagation pathway through which ENSO is known to affect the SPV. We show that the discrepancy arises from the model showing an additional linkage related to horizontal stratospheric wave propagation. Observations do not provide strong statistical evidence for or against the existence of this linkage. Thus, depending on the research purpose, a choice has to be made in how to use the model simulations. Under the assumption that the additional linkage is spurious, a physically‐based bias adjustment is applied to the SPV, which effectively aligns the modeled ENSO‐SPV relationship with the observations, and thereby removes the model‐observations discrepancy in the surface air temperature response. However, if one believed that the additional linkage was genuine and was undersampled in the observations, a different approach could be taken. Our study emphasizes that caution is needed when concluding that a model is not suitable for studying teleconnections. We propose a forensic approach and argue that it helps to better understand model performance and utilize climate model data more effectively.
Tunable multistate field-free switching and ratchet effect by spin-orbit torque in canted ferrimagnetic alloy
Authors: Hsu Cheng-Hsiang , Gross Miela J. , Kleidermacher Hannah Calzi , Sayed Shehrin , Salahuddin Sayeef
Published: October 2024

Spin-orbit torque is not only a useful probe to study manipulation of magnetic textures and magnetic states at the nanoscale but also it carries great potential for next-generation computing applications. Here we report the observation of rich spin-orbit torque switching phenomena such as field-free switching, multistate switching, memristor behavior and ratchet effect in a single shot, co-sputtered, rare earth-transition metal GdxCo100−x. Notably such effects have only been observed in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bi-layer systems previously. We show that these effects can be traced to a large anistropic canting, that can be engineered into the GdxCo100−x system. Further, we show that the magnitude of these switching phenomena can be tuned by the canting angle and the in-plane external field. The complex spin-orbit torque switching observed in canted GdxCo100−x not only provides a platform for spintronics but also serves as a model system to study the underlying physics of complex magnetic textures and interactions.
A germline-to-soma signal triggers an age-related decline of mitochondrial stress response
Authors: Zhou Liankui , Jiang Liu , Li Lan , Ma Chengchuan , Xia Peixue , Ding Wanqiu , Liu Ying
Published: October 2024

The abilities of an organism to cope with extrinsic stresses and activate cellular stress responses decline during aging. The signals that modulate stress responses in aged animals remain to be elucidated. Here, we discover that feeding Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) embryo lysates to adult worms enabled the animals to activate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) upon mitochondrial perturbations. This discovery led to subsequent investigations that unveil a hedgehog-like signal that is transmitted from the germline to the soma in adults to inhibit UPRmt in somatic tissues. Additionally, we find that the levels of germline-expressed piRNAs in adult animals markedly decreased. This reduction in piRNA levels coincides with the production and secretion of a hedgehog-like signal and suppression of the UPRmt in somatic cells. Building upon existing research, our study further elucidates the intricate mechanisms of germline-to-soma signaling and its role in modulating the trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance within the context of organismal aging.
Acute optogenetic induction of the prodromal endophenotype of CA1 hyperactivity causes schizophrenia-related deficits in cognition and salience attribution
Authors: Kapanaiah Sampath K. T. , Grimm Christina , Kätzel Dennis
Published: October 2024

Hyperactivity of the human anterior hippocampus has been reported to spread from its CA1 subfield to the subiculum around the onset of first-episode psychosis and could be a cellular target for early therapeutic intervention in the schizophrenia prodrome. However, to what extent CA1 hyperactivity actually causes schizophrenia-related symptoms remains unknown. Here, we mimic this endophenotype by direct optogenetic activation of excitatory cells in the homologous mouse region, ventral CA1 (vCA1) and assess its consequence in multiple schizophrenia-related behavioural tests. We find that hyperactivity of vCA1 causes hyperlocomotion and impairments of spatial and object-related short-term habituation (spatial novelty-preference and novel-object recognition memory) and spatial working memory, whereas social interaction, spatial exploration, and anxiety remain unaltered. Stimulation of the ventral subiculum, in contrast, only increased locomotion and exploration. In conclusion, CA1 hyperactivity may be a direct driver of prodromal cognitive symptoms and of aberrant salience assignment leading to psychosis.
Chitosan pyrolysis in the presence of a ZnCl2/NaCl salts for carbons with electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline solutions
Authors: Kochaniec Maria K. , Lieder Marek
Published: October 2024

The one-step carbonization of low cost and abundant chitosan biopolymer in the presence of salt eutectics ZnCl2/NaCl results in nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures (8.5 wt.% total nitrogen content). NaCl yields the spacious 3D structure, which allows external oxygen to easily reach the active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) distinguished by their high onset potential and the maximum turnover frequency of 0.132 e site⁻1 s⁻1. Data show that the presence of NaCl during the synthesis exhibits the formation of pores having large specific volumes and surface (specific surface area of 1217 m2 g−1), and holds advantage by their pores characteristics such as their micro-size part, which provides a platform for mass transport distribution in three-dimensional N-doped catalysts for ORR. It holds benefit over sample pre-treated with LiCl in terms of the micropores specific volume and area, seen as their percentage rate, measured in the BET. Therefore, the average concentration of the active site on the surface is larger.
An innovative subdivision collocation algorithm for heat conduction equation with non-uniform thermal diffusivity
Authors: Ejaz Syeda Tehmina , Malik Safia , Younis Jihad , Sellami Rahma , Alnefaie Kholood
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a subdivision collocation algorithm for numerically solving the heat conduction equation with non-uniform thermal diffusivity, considering both initial and boundary conditions. The algorithm involves transforming the differential form of the heat conduction equation into a system of equations and discretizing the time variable using the finite difference formula. The numerical solution of the system of heat conduction equations is then obtained. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified through theoretical and numerical analyses. Additionally, numerical and graphical representations of the obtained numerical solutions are provided, along with a comparison to existing methods. The results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing methods in terms of accuracy.
An exploration of the impact of phylogenetic tree structure on NTI and βNTI estimates of community assembly
Authors: Gundersen Madeleine J.S. , Vadstein Olav
Published: October 2024

The nearest taxon index (NTI) and beta nearest taxon index (βNTI) are popular metrics used to infer community assembly in a variety of ecosystems. However, the dependence these metrics have on the underlying phylogenetic tree is often overlooked and can potentially lead to erroneous conclusions. In this paper, we investigated how misclassified sequences in the phylogenetic tree and reduction of the metacommunity richness affect estimates of the assembly processes. We estimated assembly processes in two datasets investigating fish-microbiota interactions. We found that non-bacterial misclassified sequences can drastically change the interpretation of assembly processes. NTI consistently increased after misclassified sequences were removed, which changed the ecological interpretation for 82.8% of the communities in one of the datasets. Similarly, βNTI was strongly affected by misclassified sequences in the phylogenetic tree, changing the ecological interpretation for 44.7% (Dataset 1) and 6.3% (Dataset 2) of the community comparisons. Lower metacommunity richness generally resulted in decreased NTI and increased βNTI, but the effect sizes were small and generally did not result in a change in ecological interpretation. Based on these findings, we recommend: (1) constructing and visually inspecting a phylogenetic tree for 16 S rRNA gene amplicon datasets to identify and remove misclassified sequences, and (2) evaluating the robustness of community assembly conclusions by performing analyses with varying metacommunity richness and clearly specifying the metacommunity used for the null model approach.
Solar cells combined with geothermal or wind power systems reduces climate and environmental impact
Authors: Shamoushaki Moein , Koh S. C. Lenny
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the environmental sustainability of three integrated power cycles: combined geothermal-wind, combined solar-geothermal, and combined solar-wind. Here, a promising solar technology, the perovskite solar cell, is considered and analysed in conjunction with another renewable-based cycle, evaluating 17 scenarios focusing on improving the efficiency and lifespan. Among the base cases, combined solar-wind had the lowest ozone depletion impact, while combined geothermal-wind had the lowest freshwater ecotoxicity and marine ecotoxicity impacts. The study shows that extending the perovskite solar cell lifespan from 3 to 15 years reduces CO2 emissions by 28% for the combined solar-geothermal and 56% for the combined solar-wind scenario. The most sustainable cases in ozone depletion, marine ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, and climate change impacts are combined solar-wind, combined solar-geothermal, and combined geothermal-wind, respectively, among all evaluated scenarios. This research suggests investing in the best mix of integrated power cycles using established and emerging renewable technologies for maximum environmental sustainability.
28-country global study on associations between cultural characteristics and Recovery College fidelity
Authors: Kotera Yasuhiro , Ronaldson Amy , Hayes Daniel , Hunter-Brown Holly , McPhilbin Merly , Dunnett Danielle , Jebara Tesnime , Takhi Simran , Masuda Takahiko , Camacho Elizabeth , Bakolis Ioannis , Repper Julie , Meddings Sara , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Brophy Lisa , De Ruysscher Clara , Okoliyski Michail , Kubinová Petra , Eplov Lene , Toernes Charlotte , Narusson Dagmar , Tinland Aurélie , Puschner Bernd , Hiltensperger Ramona , Lucchi Fabio , Miyamoto Yuki , Castelein Stynke , Borg Marit , Klevan Trude Gøril , Tan Boon Meng Roger , Sornchai Chatdanai , Tiengtom Kruawon , Farkas Marianne , Moreland Jones Hannah , Moore Edith , Butler Ann , Mpango Richard , Tse Samson , Kondor Zsuzsa , Ryan Michael , Zuaboni Gianfranco , Elton Dan , Grant-Rowles Jason , McNaughton Rebecca , Hanlon Charlotte , Harcla Claire , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Arbour Simone , Silverstone Denise , Bejerholm Ulrika , Powell Candice , Ochoa Susana , Garcia-Franco Mar , Tolonen Jonna , Yeo Caroline , Charles Ashleigh , Henderson Claire , Slade Mike
Published: October 2024

Recovery Colleges (RCs) are learning-based mental health recovery communities, located globally. However, evidence on RC effectiveness outside Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries is limited. This study aimed to evaluate associations between cultural characteristics and RC fidelity, to understand how culture impacts RC operation. Service managers from 169 RCs spanning 28 WEIRD and non-WEIRD countries assessed the fidelity using the RECOLLECT Fidelity Measure, developed based upon key RC operation components. Hofstede’s cultural dimension scores were entered as predictors in linear mixed-effects regression models, controlling for GDP spent on healthcare and Gini coefficient. Higher Individualism and Indulgence, and lower Uncertainty Avoidance were associated with higher fidelity, while Long-Term Orientation was a borderline negative predictor. RC operations were predominantly aligned with WEIRD cultures, highlighting the need to incorporate non-WEIRD cultural perspectives to enhance RCs’ global impact. Findings can inform the refinement and evaluation of mental health recovery interventions worldwide.
A rapid evaluation method for the quality consistency assessment and spectrum–effect relationship study of Xiaohuoluo Pills developed based on combined spectral and chromatography technology
Authors: Cheng Fangfang , Gao Yiting , Ren Beibei , Zhang Zhongyang , Dong Minghui , Sun Guoxiang , Song Chaohui , Wang Siqi , Gao Haixia , Zhou Chunhua , Wang Lingjiao
Published: October 2024

This study innovatively constructed a tripartite fingerprint evaluation system for the comprehensive quality assessment of 21 batches of Xiaohuoluos.
Cold plasma technology for sustainable food production: meeting the United Nations sustainable development goals
Authors: Fernandes Fabiano A. N. , Rodrigues Sueli
Published: October 2024

This review explores the contributions of cold plasma technologies to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. We correlate cold plasma and the SDGs, showing its contributions, advantages, limitations, and how it promotes sustainable food production.
Lacticaseibacillus plantarum postbiotics prepared by the combined technique of pasteurization and ultrasound: effective measures to alleviate obesity based on the SCFAs-GPR41/GPR43 signaling pathway
Authors: Miao Chao , Wang Linge , Wang Huabing , Shen Yu , Man Chaoxin , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yu , Zhao Qianyu , Jiang Yujun
Published: October 2024

Postbiotics prepared by ultrasound and pasteurization are used for the alleviation of obesity.
Stimuli-responsive spin crossover behavior in 3D Fe(ii) porous coordination polymers for guest molecules
Authors: Sun Li , Li Xiaochun , Vandenbulcke Constance , Belmouri Nour El Islam , Bouchez Guillaume , Robeyns Koen , Rotaru Aurelian , Boukheddaden Kamel , Garcia Yann
Published: October 2024

A new 3D FeII spin crossover porous coordination polymer, [Fe(tpe)2dca]ClO4·5CHCl3·3CH3OH which accommodates guest molecules in its cavities to modulate its magnetic and optical properties, was prepared and investigated in detail.
Cathode properties of a controlled crystallinity nano-Li1.2Cr0.4Mn0.4O2 cathode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Kitajou Ayuko , Matsuda Shohei , Ohara Koji , Ikeda Kazutaka , Muto Shunsuke
Published: October 2024

The milled-Li1.2Cr0.4Mn0.4O2 (milled-LCMO) cathode, a promising material for next-generation Li ion batteries, is prepared by dry ball-milling of layered rocksalt-type Li1.2Cr0.4Mn0.4O2 (layered-LCMO) obtained by solid-state synthesis.
A method to predict binary eutectic mixtures for mechanochemical syntheses and cocrystallizations
Authors: Prencipe Michele , Mazzeo Paolo P. , Bacchi Alessia
Published: October 2024

Mechanochemical syntheses may benefit from the formation of a liquid eutectic intermediate. The software PoEM predicts the eutectic point in a binary mixture from the thermodynamic data and the interaction modes of the two components of the mixture.
A versatile tumor-targeted drug-delivery system based on IR808-modified nanoparticles, its co-loading with PTX and R848 and its extraordinary antitumor efficacy
Authors: Guo Yaoyao , Li Manzhen , Liu Xinxin , Wang Xi , Zhang Ziqi , Liu Dongchun , Wang Xiangtao
Published: October 2024

Schematic showing the preparation of DP-IR808@PTX–R848 NPs and how they enter tumor cells and exert therapeutic effects after intravenous administration (by Figdraw).
A critical factor in reactive oxygen species (ROS) studies: the need to understand the chemistry of the solvent used: the case of DMSO
Authors: Bansal Shubham , Wang Binghe
Published: October 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in normal physiological processes including cellular signaling and immune responses.
A perspective on next-generation hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Deori Upasana , Nanda Gyana Prakash , Murawski Caroline , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan
Published: October 2024

The evolution of next-generation HF-OLED technology and current challenges.
Search for toroids in excited nuclear material
Authors: Hannaman A. , Harvey B. , McIntosh A.B. , Hagel K. , Bills L. , Abbott A. , Fentress A. , Gauthier J. , Hankins T. , Lui Y.-W. , Bills L. , McIntosh L.A. , Regener S. , Rider R. , Schultz S. , Sorensen M.Q. , Tobar J. , Tobin Z. , Yennello S.
Published: October 2024

Ground state nuclei usually have compact geometries. However, there have been theoretical predictions that excited nuclei can take on more extended shapes such as toroids or bubbles. There have been many attempts to identify signatures of such shapes in experimental data. One signature, both predicted by theory and reported in experimental data, is narrow resonances at high excitation energy in peripheral intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions. This potential evidence for toroidal states was reported in the alpha particle disassembly of 28Si after collision with a 12C target at 35 MeV/nucleon. The prior work was limited by angular resolution and statistical uncertainties. The present work aims to measure the excitation energy distribution for these disassembly events with improved angular resolution and reduced statistical uncertainty using the Forward Array Using Silicon Technology (FAUST). FAUST is equipped with resistive dual-axis duo-lateral (DADL) position-sensitive silicon detectors capable of sub-millimeter position resolution. The measured excitation energy distributions of 7-α disassembly events showed no strong evidence for highly excited states at the cross section and widths suggested by previous experiment.
Heavy ion induced e+e− pair production: Theoretical and preliminary experimental efforts
Authors: Depastas T. , Settlemyre T. , Rodriguez M.R.D. , Koshchiy Y. , Quevedo H.J. , Zheng H. , Bonasera A.
Published: October 2024

The production of real e+e− pairs is an important quantum electrodynamics phenomenon, that could have significant implications on low energy heavy ion dynamics. Here, we employ an established Schwingerinspired theory to study this effect in nuclear disintegrations. We extend the current framework with a Monte Carlo approach to include non-perturbative contributions. Simultaneously, we supplement our study with a preliminary experimental procedure, via the use of the Global Spectrometer for Positron and Electron Characterization developed at the Texas Petawatt Laser facility of the University of Texas at Austin. Theory and experiment agree within one order of magnitude, which signals promise for further investigations.
The role of Fission in the search of the Super Heavy Land: Fission modes in heavy and superheavy nuclei. Case study of 180Hg
Authors: Vardaci E. , Di Nitto A. , Banerjee T. , Pulcini A. , Setaro P.A. , Alifano G. , La Rana G. , Carjan N. , Cicchella A. , Spinosa S. , Kozulin E.M. , Trzaska W.H. , Itkis I.M. , Knyazheva G.N. , Kumar D. , Novikov K.V. , Vorobiev I.V. , Khlebnikov S.V. , Cheralu M. , Kozulina N.I. , Pchelintsev I.V. , Borcea C. , Calinescu S. , Filipescu D.M. , Harca I.M. , Petrone C.
Published: October 2024

Many observations strongly support the hypothesis that nuclei may fission through several independent fission modes (multimodal fission) interpreted as different prescission shapes and fission paths in a multidimensional potential energy landscape where shell effects are dominant. Mass distributions of the fission fragments are sensitive to the potential energy landscape and appear to be single humped (symmetric) or double humped (asymmetric). In many cases a mixture of both modes is observed.

We propose here our study on 180Hg. Binary fission fragments formed in the reaction 68Zn + 112Sn → 180Hg at different excitation energies around the Coulomb barrier were detected using the double-arm time-of-flight technique with the spectrometers CORSET. The experiment was performed at JYFL (Jyvaskyla, Finland). We will discuss an analysis of the mass distributions in terms of fission modes predicted by a five-dimensional fission model. We have found out that the mass distributions can be well reproduced by considering a symmetric fission mode and two asymmetric modes at (AL ≈ 80, AH ≈ 100) and (AL ≈ 70 and AH ≈ 110).
Multinucleon Transfer in 25 MeV/nucleon 86Kr + 64Ni, 124Sn Peripheral Collisions
Authors: Fasoula Olga , Souliotis Georgios , Koulouris Stergios , Pakou Athena , Veselsky Martin , Yennello Sherry , Bonasera Aldo
Published: October 2024

In this work we investigate multinucleon transfer reaction channels in peripheral collisions between a 86Kr projectile at 25 MeV/nucleon with 64Ni and 124Sn targets. The experimental data of these reactions were obtained with the Momentum Achromat Recoil Separator (MARS) at Texas A&M University in previous works of our group. We extracted and compared experimental mass and momentum per nucleon distributions of ejectiles with a two step model calculation. For the interaction of the projectile with the target, the phenomenological Deep Inelastic Transfer model (DIT) and the microscopic Constrained Molecular Dynamics model (CoMD) were used, both followed by the GEMINI model for the de-excitation of the primary excited projectile-like fragments. Generally, both DIT and CoMD appear to describe the trend of the data for both systems. However, possible further improvements in the models may be necessary. In conjunction with our recent work with a 86Kr beam at 15 MeV/nucleon with a 64Ni target, this study provides further insights into the reaction mechanisms of peripheral collisions in the Fermi energy regime and the production of neutron rich nuclides.
Multinucleon Transfer in 40Ar + 64Ni collisions at 15 MeV/nucleon explored via Studies of Momentum Distributions
Authors: Gkatzogias Konstantinos , Souliotis Georgios , Koulouris Stergios , Giannitsa Chrysi , Veselsky Martin , Yennello Sherry , Bonasera Aldo
Published: October 2024

We present a detailed analysis of the mass and the momentum per nucleon distributions of ejectiles from the reaction of a 40Ar beam at 15 MeV/nucleon with a 64Ni target. The experimental data were obtained in a previous work with the MARS separator at the Cyclotron Institute of Texas A&M University. The experimental distributions are compared with two dynamical models, the Deep-Inelastic Transfer (DIT) model and the Constrained Molecular Dynamics (CoMD) model, followed by the de-excitation code GEMINI. Both models describe the experimental data to some extent and further optimization is underway in efforts to deepen our understanding of the mechanisms taking place in the production of exotic neutron-rich nuclides in the Fermi energy regime.