bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Growth Regulators and Explant on Plant Regeneration in Tomato
Authors: Batra Atul , Banerji B K
Published: August 2023

Influence of different growth regulators was studied on in vitro growth and regeneration of tomato (Solanum esculentum) explants derived from hypocotyls and cotyledons of aseptically grown seedlings. On the basis of regeneration frequency, number of shoot primordia and shoots produced per explants, it is concluded that the best regeneration is achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L"1 of indole-3-acetic acid and 1.0 mg L"1 zeatin. In all the genotypes studied, a good percentage of regeneration frequency was observed in hypocotyl explants used.
Variability Studies in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) with Reference to Yield Attributes
Authors: Jyothi K Uma , Kumari S Surya , Ramana C Venkata
Published: August 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during the rainy season 2004-2007, with ten chilli genotypes supplied by AICRP on vegetables (from different geographical sources). This was to study genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for several economic characters to identify promising cultivars suitable for the Krishna-Godavari zone of Andhra Pradesh. Data were collected on eight characters, viz., plant height, plant spread and number of fruits per plant; fruit length, fruit girth, number of seeds per fruit, ripe-chilli yield and dry-chilli yield. Significant differences were observed among genotypes in respect of all the characters studied. Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was slightly higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the traits, indicating a low environmental influence on expression of these traits. High GCV and PCV were observed for ripe-chilli yield, dry-chilli yield, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and fruit length indicating a higher magnitude of variability in these traits and, consequently, a greater scope for improvement through simple selection. Low GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height, plant spread and fruit girth suggesting a limited variability, for these traits. High heritability, coupled with high Genetic Advance as per cent mean, was observed for ripe-chilli yield, dry chilli yield, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit and fruit length, indicating the influence of additive genes. These characters-with high GCV, PCV, Heritability and Genetic Advance as per cent mean-should be considered as reliable selection criteria for crop improvement for yield and yield attributing characters in chilli.
Bio-Efficacy of Aureofungin-sol in Control of Downy and Powdery Mildews in Grape
Authors: Sawant S D , Sawant Indu S , Banerjee Kaushik , Shetty Dinesh , Waghmare Monali , Kalbhor G , Patil Shweta , Jadhav Manjusha
Published: August 2023

Bio-efficacy of Aureofungin-sol, an antifungal antibiotic, for control of downy mildew and powdery mildew of grape was evaluated during October 2008 - April 2009 fruiting season in vineyards at three locations in Maharashtra. Four to nine sprays of Aureofungin-sol, @ 0.108, 0.163 and 0.217 g/l, starting from 12-16 days to 46-75 days after fruit pruning gave good control of downy mildew on leaves and bunches, and increased harvestable yield over the Control. Similarly, four sprays of Aureofungin-sol @ 0.108 g/l at 11 to 20 days' interval at 65 days after pruning provided complete control of powdery mildew on leaves and bunches. No residue of Aureofungin-sol was found in harvest samples above the limit of detection (0.1 mg/kg).
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Wild Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Smith) Native to North-Western Himalayan Region
Authors: Singh Dinesh , Kumar K , Sharma Vikas Kumar
Published: August 2023

Nature and magnitude of genetic diversity was assessed in 170 wild raspberry genotypes based on eight quantitative characteristics, viz., fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, TSS, acidity, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and Vitamin C. A survey was conducted in three north-western Himalayan states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu&Kashmir and Uttarakhand. The species was found to be distributed between 760 and 1950m AMSL, 30°10'159" to 33°04'693"N and 74°44'076" to 78°25'681"E. The non-hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in 12 clusters of genotypes. The cluster pattern did not exhibit any interrelation between geographical isolation and genetic diversity. Of the 170 genotypes, 31 fell in Cluster XII, 27 in Cluster V, 19 in Cluster I, 17 in Cluster IX, 16 in Cluster VIII, 15 in Cluster XI, 13 in Cluster II, 12 in Cluster VII, 10 in Cluster III, six in Cluster X, three in Cluster VI and one genotype in Cluster IV. Genotypes falling under Clusters III, VI , VI can be used as parents in hybridization programmes for improving important traits like TSS, fruit weight and acidity respectively.
Effect of Various Plant Extracts on Dry Root Rot of Chillies Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii
Authors: Madhavi G Bindu , Bhattiprolu S L , Reddy V Bali
Published: August 2023

Eight different plant extracts were evaluated in vitro against Sclerotium rolfsii causing dry root rot in chillies. Among these, leaf extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) caused maximum inhibition of mycelial growth (80.74%), followed by periwinkle Vinca rosea (78.8%) and bottlebrush (Callistemon, 74.8%) respectively. Sclerotial production was inhibited to an extent of 11% and the inhibition caused was maximum with neem extract, followed by Polyalthia longifolia and V. rosea extracts. Though sclerotial germination was inhibited by 30% to 95% in various treatments, the most effective treatment was that of neem leaf extract (95%), followed by ginger extract (92%).
Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.): A Case Study from Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Reddy K Gurava , Reddy A Subbarami , Reddy M Chandra Sekhara
Published: August 2023

An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) project was implemented in the cropping season 2006-07 in six villages of Guntur District. Survey was conducted in the six villages and all 150 chilli farmers participating in Crop Life India (CLI) sponsored IPM project were treated as a sample for the study. In the case of sucking pests, 56% of the farmers expressed that mites were an important pest. Among the fruit borers, a majority (83.33%) felt that Spodoptera litura was a serious problem and; among diseases, 56% opined die-back to be the major problem. More than twothirds of the respondents adopted all components of IPM, with the exception of bioagents where adoption was just 46%. 44% felt leaf spot was a major disease. Over 80% adopted border crops, trap crops, scouting techniques and mechanical-control measures. All the respondents followed 10-15 day pre-harvest interval of pesticide application as a measure for obtaining quality produce and better price. Problems of post-harvest pests and diseases were not observed in the case of well-dried chillies.
Effect of Organic Manures and Biofertilizers on Leaf and Fruit Nutrient Status in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Sardar
Authors: Sharma Akash , Wali V K , Bakshi Parshant , Jamwal Mahital
Published: August 2023

Pooled analysis of two-year data on nutrient status of 'Sardar' guava raised under organic manures and biofertilizers indicated that maximum leaf nitrogen (1.73%), phosphorus (0.24%), potassium (1.23%), calcium (1.96%), magnesium (0.80%); and maximum fruit nitrogen (1.12%), phosphorus (0.15%), potassium (0.94%), calcium (0.22%), magnesium (0.66%) was recorded, respectively, after fruit harvest with application of full dose of nitrogen to the plant applied through poultry manure augmented with Azotobacter and Azospirillium.
Transfer of Auxinic Herbicide Resistance from Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis) into Radish (Raphanus sativus) through Embryo Rescue
Authors: Mithila J , Hall J Christopher
Published: August 2023

The discovery of auxinic herbicides (e.g., 2,4-D, Dicamba, Picloram) for selective control of broad-leaf weeds in cereal crops revolutionized modern agriculture. These herbicides are inexpensive and do not generally have prolonged residual activity in soil. Although cultivated species of Brassicaceae (e.g., radish and other vegetables) are susceptible to auxinic herbicides, some biotypes of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis, 2n = 18) were found to be highly resistant to Picloram and Dicamba. Inter-generic hybrids between wild mustard and radish (Raphanus sativus, 2n = 18) were produced by traditional breeding coupled with in vitro embryo rescue/ovule culture. To increase frequency of embryo regeneration and hybrid plant production, several hundred reciprocal crosses were performed between these species. Upon altering cultural conditions and media composition, a high frequency of embryo regeneration and hybrid plant establishment was achieved. A protocol was also optimized for in vitro clonal multiplication of inter-generic hybrids produced by embryo rescue. To evaluate transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from wild mustard into hybrid plants, several screening tests (involving in vitro, molecular-based as well as whole plant-based tests) were performed. Results indicated that hybrids of R. sativus x S. arevensis were resistant to auxinic herbicides suggesting, that, the resistance trait was transferred to these hybrids from the wild mustard. This research for the first time demonstrates the possibility of transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from wild mustard to radish.
Diversity Studies in Ecotypes of Banana (Musa Spp.) Using Molecular Markers and D2 Analysis
Authors: Rajamanickam C , Rajmohan K
Published: August 2023

The present study was aimed at analyzing the genetic diversity of promising banana ecotypes grown in Kerala. Twenty eight ecotypes of banana were collected from different parts of Kerala. DNA isolated from these was used for RAPD analysis. Six most-promising primers viz., OPA-01, OPA-03, OPA-13, OPB-04, OPB-10 and OPB-12 were used. These yielded 46 scorable bands with an average of 7.66 bands per primer. RAPD data were analyzed statistically and a dendrogram was constructed. Twenty three characters were observed in the twenty eight banana ecotypes and were statistically analyzed as per the method proposed by Mahalanobis (D2). From RAPD dendrogram, it was found that the banana clones clustered into fourteen groups at a distance of 0.200. At a distance of 0.250, 8 out of 12 Nendran (AAB group) ecotypes formed a single cluster at the same distance. Among Palayankodan (AAB group) ecotypes PKNNR, Pisang Ceylon, Motta Poovan, Chandra Bale and Palode Palayankodan grouped together and formed a single cluster. Attu Nendran, Monthan, Robusta, Koonoor Ethan, Ilavazha and Vellapalayankodan formed individual clusters and had maximum genetic divergence. Among diploid clones, Ilavazha (BB group) had maximum genetic divergence. Among triploid clones, Attu Nendran, Robusta, Koonoor Ethan and Vellapalayankodan showed maximum genetic divergence. Among Nendran (AAB group) ecotypes, Attu Nendran and Koonoor Ethan revealed maximum genetic divergence. Among Palayankodan (AAB group) ecotypes, Vellapalayankodan recorded the highest genetic divergence. In D2 analysis too, a similar trend was observed.
Effect of Spacing on Canopy Microclimate, Vegetative Growth and Yield Attributes in Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Brar J S , Dhaliwal H S , Bal J S , Dhillon W S , Singh Som Pal
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was conducted to examine the effect of spacing on variation in canopy microclimate, vegetative growth and yield attributes in guava (cv. Allahabad Safeda). Oservations revealed that with wide plant spacing (from 6x2m to 6x4m), interception of solar radiation increased significantly. Similarly, with increase in spacing between plants, mean canopy temperature was need to increase while relative humidity decreased. Plant growth in terms of stock and scion girth, tree spread (N-S) and canopy volume increased with wide plant spacing, while tree height decreased with increase in plant spacing. Number of fruits per plant, yield per plant and fruiting density was higher at 6x5m and least in 6x2m spacing. Wider plant spacing was found to be better owing to maximum absorption of solar radiation and optimum microclimate in the orchard leading to better yield in plants, higher fruiting density and yield efficiency. However, yield/ha was maximum in 6x2m spacing during rainy season and in 6x3m spacing during winter.
Yield and Quality of Passion Fruit in Relation to Training Systems
Authors: Sulladmath V V , Srinivas K , Laxman R H
Published: August 2023

Four different training systems, viz., Kniffin, High trellis, Tatura and Bower were evaluated in passion fruit cv. Kaveri. Kniffin system with 4 arms recorded highest cumulative yield of 67.22 t/ha with a cost:benefit ratio of 1:4.25, followed by Kniffin 2 arm and 6 arm, respectively. Kniffin system was also the most ideal system of training for passion fruit, facilitating easy cultural operations. Although Tatura system recorded highest cumulative yield/vine (43.57kg), it registered lowest yield/ha, largely due to lower plant population/ha (1250 vines/ha). Fruit quality parameters like TSS, Vit. C, carotene content and titrable acidity were not significantly influenced by different training systems. Similarly, interception of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) by the canopy did not differ significantly among training systems. Though photosynthetic rate did not differ significantly, shaded leaves in the canopy did not contribute photosynthates and were parasitic on the vine.
Prediction Models for Frost/Low-Temperature Stress in Subtropical Fruit Plantations
Authors: Sharma Shashi Kumar
Published: August 2023

During winters, frost is a phenomenon of common occurrence in subtropical lower Himalayan region. In the recent past, it has caused considerable economic losses to fruit growers. Recommendations for protection against frost do exist, but benefits to orchards are rare due to lack of information on the level of low temperature these crops may experience in a frosty event. Studies have been conducted at Regional Horticultural and Forestry Research Station, Neri, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh on development of prediction models for minimum temperature and temperatureevolution during a frost event. Variables like sunset-time temperature, temperature drop and humidity increase from sunset time until two hours, have been found to explain about 74% of the total variation observed in minimum temperature. Evolution of temperature during a frosty night showed that temperature drop after sunset was an inverse exponential function of time after sunset. It justified about 67% of the total variation in temperature-evolution trend. Thiel's inequality coefficient for predicted versus actual values indicated good to very good forecasting performance of the regression lines developed. Further decomposition of inequality into bias, variance and covariance proportions also supported fitness of these lines for future prediction. Based on the information generated, a grower-friendly frost protection guide-chart (S-chart) has been developed. The chart provides information on intensity and duration of temperature below the critical level of damage for different fruit species. It also serves as a guide for the level of protection needed and for automation of protection methods against frost and low temperature damage.
Management of Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) Infesting Gherkin:An Areawide Control Programme Adopted in Peninsular India
Authors: Praveen H M , Nandeesh M , Chandra Mouli M R , Rao G V G , Vijaysegaran S
Published: August 2023

An area-wide control (AWC) programme was undertaken for management of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae(Coquillet), in 3 km2 area in Kashapura village of Gauribidanur taluk, Chickaballapura District, Karnataka State in peninsular India from 52nd week of 2007 to 30th week of 2010. Implementation of the AWC programme included field sanitation, male annihilation technique (MAT) through para-pheromone, Cue lure, and bait application technique (BAT). This AWC programme resulted in steady decline of melon fly population in the grid area, and corresponding reduction in per cent fruit fly infested gherkin fruits. In the AWC (grid) area, flies trapped per day (FTD) led to attaining suppression (1 to 0.1 FTD) and eradication levels (<0.1 FTD), which is acceptable to the Indian gherkin processing industry. Whereas, in the non-grid area, fruit fly populations perpetuated at infestation level (>1 FTD) during majority of weeks under observation.
Effect of Pruning and Chemicals on Flowering and Fruit Yield in Mango Cv. Alphonso
Authors: Reddy Y T N , Kurian Reju M
Published: August 2023

A field trial was conducted from 2005 to 2009 on pruning and spray of various chemicals to study their effects on flowering and fruit yield in 'Alphonso' mango, at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. Seven treatments were imposed, with pruning of fruited shoots as a common treatment, followed by chemical sprays and a control. Over the five years, flowering parameters (% vegetative, dormant or flowering shoots) were found to be non-significant among different treatments. Treatments increased fruit yield compared to control. The best treatment was T3 (Pruning+1% K2HPO4+1% KNO3 spray) which recorded mean fruit yield of 63.9 kg/plant, compared to a fruit yield of 33.0 k/ plant in control.
High-Yielding Multicut Coriander Variety, Arka Isha
Authors: Varalakshmi B , Rao V Kesava , Sudhakar Rao D V , Tiwari R B , Prabhakar M
Published: August 2023

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is one of the important leafy vegetables having a pleasant aroma. Very little research work has been done on improvement of leafy coriander and only a few local varieties, low-yielding and with low aroma, are available in the market. Research work at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research has resulted in development of a leafy coriander variety, Arka Isha, with a high yield potential and good aroma. It is a multicut variety where the plants are bushy, leaves are broad and leaf lobes are short, and the variety is late flowering. Yield is 3.74t ha-1 by pulling at 40 days after sowing, and 11.98t ha-1 by cutting. Leaves have 167.05mg 100g-1 of Vitamin C, with good aroma and keeping-quality.
First Record of Lantana Mealybug, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), as a Pest on China Aster from South India
Authors: Sridhar V , Joshi Sunil , Rani B Jhansi , Kumar Rajiv
Published: August 2023

Heavy population of lantana mealybug, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, was recorded on China aster, Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees, in pest proportions at Bangalore, South India, both on the collar region and roots. About 25% of the plants were infested by the mealybug. Infested plants showed stunted growth and did not bear flowers seen in healthy plants. Field and mounted characters of P. parvus are presented in the paper
Fruit Tree Physiology
Authors: Shivashankara K S
Published: August 2023

No Abstract.
Studies on Stability of Processing-type Genotypes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Jyothi H K , Patil M G , Santhosha H M
Published: August 2023

To study stability of genotypes under three diverse environments, ten genotypes along with two checks of processingtype tomato were evaluated in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Environment included three seasons, viz., kharif (2007), rabi (2007-08) and summer (2008) to identify the most stable varieties. Overall performance of PTR-1, PTR-4, PTR-6 and 'Arka Ashish' was found stable for yield per plant, number of branches per plant, % fruit set, % acidity and lycopene content. PTR-4 and PTR-6 were stable for high yield and for good processing traits.
Heterosis for Fruit Yield and its Components in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Sidhu A S , Kumar Ajay
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted with 14 parents and 40 F1s to study heterosis in brinjal. Crosses showing significant heterosis over the better parent were: HE12 X Aruna for first fruit set; BR-112 X Aruna for fruit length and diameter; Pant Samrat X Punjab Neelam for number of fruits per plant; H-7 X Aruna for fruit weight; H-9 X S-16 for total yield per plant; Negative heterosis were recorded in KT-4 X Aruna for borer and Pant in Rituraj X Punjab Neelam for nematode infestation.
Studies on Genetic Divergence in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Resmi J , Sreelathakumary I
Published: August 2023

Genetic divergence study was conducted on 33 bitter gourd genotypes for twenty characters. These genotypes were grouped into five clusters irrespective of geographic divergence, indicating no parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. Cluster-I was the largest comprising 11 genotypes, followed by Clusters-III and V with 10 genotypes each. Clusters-II and IV comprised one genotype each. As regards cluster means, Clusters-II and IV performed better in most of the biometric characters studied. Maximum inter-cluster distance was observed in Clusters-III and IV, followed by Clusters-II and III, and clusters-I and IV. Intra-cluster distance was highest in Cluster I.
Effect of Organics and Inorganics on Yield Parameters in Bell Pepper under Open Condition
Authors: Ganiger Vasant M , Mathad J C , Madalageri M B , Babalad H B , Bhuvaneswari G
Published: August 2023

Investigations were carried out to study the effect of organics on yield and fruit quality parameters in bell pepper grown under open condition. Split plot design, with three replications, was adopted taking two bell pepper varieties, viz., California Wonder and Gangavati Local (as main-plot treatments) and nutrient source (as sub-plot treatments). Variety California Wonder performed better with respect to yield parameters compared to the Local variety. Application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through a combination of 50% FYM and 50% poultry manure (O5) as basal dose recorded significantly higher fruit yield (16.33 t/ha) and yield components over other treatments. Among interactions, O5 (FYM (50%) + poultry manure (50%) recorded significantly higher fruit yield (18.47 t/ha), followed by 18.31 t/ha with organic application in O1 (FYM (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) in California Wonder variety.
Analyzing the Efficacy of Organic and Inorganic Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Growth of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.)
Authors: Manohar S , Choudhary M R , Yadav B L , Dadheech S , Singh S P
Published: August 2023

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.) is an important medicinal plant whose roots are prescribed as medicine for several disorders of females, bronchitis, dropsy, stomach problems, lung inflammation, tuberculosis, arthritis, skin diseases and male impotency. The present experiment was designed to work out a suitable dose of organic manures and fertilizers for ashwagandha. Treatments consisted of nitrogenous (N) and phosphatic (P) fertilizers at 20 kg ha-1 and 40 kg ha-1 each, and two levels of farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost and combinations thereof, along with control. The treatments were replicated thrice in Randomized Block Design. Results revealed that application of 40 kg ha-1 of N and P each as urea and SSP + 2.5 t ha-1 vermicompost registered significant values for plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, yield attributing traits, root (8.60 q ha-1) and seed yield (85.6 kg ha-1) as well as soil physical properties like organic carbon, hydraulic conductivity and water retention at 33 and 1500kpa besides the highest B:C ratio (2.57).
Studies on Physico-Chemical, Sensory and Microbiological Quality of Kinnow Juice Blends under Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Bhardwaj R L , Mukherjee S
Published: August 2023

Various fruit juice blends were prepared as (i) Kinnow juice:Aonla juice:Ginger juice in 100:0:0; 95:5:0; 92:5:3 ratios and Kinnow juice:Pomegranate juice:Ginger juice in 90:10:0; 87:10:3 ratios for improving flavour, palatability, nutritive value and medicinal value. The juice blends were preserved by pasteurization at 75°C or 85°C for 15 minutes, and, by adding potassium meta-bisulphite (KMS) at 500 or 750 ppm. These blends were stored in 200ml colourless glass bottles under refrigerated conditions (4±1°C) for six months and tested at three month intervals for physicochemical sensory quality and microbial population. Individual effect of juice blending ratio, processing temperature and KMS treatment was found to be significant for prolonging storage life and for maintaining an acceptable quality of the juice blends. The blend of Kinnow:Pomegranate:Ginger juice at 87:10:3 ratio, followed by Kinnow:Aonla:Ginger juice @ 92:5:3, processed at 75°C for 15 min with 750 ppm KMS, was the most effective for obtaining superior physico-chemical and sensory quality of the blend. However, minimum microbial population was recorded in the juice processed at 85°C (and not 75°C) with the same treatment combination.
Effect of Foliar Spray of Nitrogenous Chemicals on Flowering, Fruit Set and Yield in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cv. Alphonso
Authors: Sudha R , Balamohan T N , Soorianathasundaram K
Published: August 2023

Effect of foliar application of various nitrogenous chemicals on flowering, fruit set and yield of mango cv. Alphonso was studied at the orchard of Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore, during 2010 - 2011. Maximum number of flowering shoots (68.7%), number of panicles (7.5/m2), panicle length (31.4cm), number of hermaphrodite flowers (282.5/panicle), fruit set (17.0%), number of fruits (146.0/tree) and fruit yield (43.8 kg/tree) was obtained with foliar spray of KNO3 at 2% concentration. Higher content of chlorophyll (1.7g mg-1), carbohydrate (14.5g 100g-1) and nitrogen (1.43%) and higher C/N ratio (10.18) were also recorded in plants sprayed with 2% KNO3, followed by 1% KNO3.
Studies on Inheritance of Geneic Male Sterility (GMS) and Hybrid Seed Production in Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.]
Authors: Pitchaimuthu M , Dutta O P , Swamy K R M
Published: August 2023

Inheritance of geneic male sterility in GMS line MS-1 of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] was studied using F1, F2 and test-cross generations of crosses between GMS line MS-1 and normal fertile genotypes, and the varieties Arka Anamika, Parbhani Kranti, Arka Abhay, IIHR-108-1-31, IIHR-109-20-6, IIHR-116-23-6, IIHR- 180-6-3, IIHR-161-10-1 and IIHR-130-2-10. All the F1 were found fertile. Segregation of pollen fertility in F2 and test - cross generations involving ms1 was segregated in the ratio 1 fertile: 1 sterile, respectively. This indicated that GMS trait in the line is controlled by a single recessive gene (ms1ms1). Large-scale F1 hybrid seed production in okra becomes rather slow due to the tedious hand-emasculation, followed by hand-pollination, incurring additional labour and cost of F1 seed production. In comparison to fertile lines, this saves approximately 70% time and manual labour. Use of Geneic Male Sterile (GMS) line MS-1 can make F1 hybrid seed production in okra easy and more economical compared to hand-emasculation.
Effect of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) Concentration on Sprouting, Rooting and Callusing Potential in Bougainvillea Stem Cuttings
Authors: Singh Neerja
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted in 2008-09 to investigate the influence of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at 0, 1000, 1500 and 2000ppm concentrations on rooting potential in hardwood cuttings of four varieties of bougainvillea, i.e., Louise Wathen, Thimma, Mrs. Butt and Shubhra. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with sixteen treatments and four replications. Results indicated that both IBA concentration and variety had significant effect on sprouting, rooting, callusing and establishment of cuttings. Louise Wathen cuttings treated with 1000ppm IBA were superior in response with 85.39% sprouting, 75.46% rooting and 80.78% callusing. Establishment (100%) was also best in this treatment.
Effect of Auxins on Shoot and Root Growth in an Endangered Medicinal Plant Guggal [Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand.]
Authors: Bandi Bhavya , Parmar B R , Parmar S B , Parmar Kruti
Published: August 2023

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of IBA and NAA on vegetative propagation of guggal[Commiphora wightii (Arnott.) Bhand.] through cuttings, at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The experiment consists of ten treatments: IBA, NAA and their combination, each at 2000, 4000 and 6000 mg l-1along with control, replicated thrice. Ten cuttings per each treatment and per replication were planted. Planting media used were: sand, soil and vermicompost, in 2:1:1 ratio. Cuttings were dipped for five minutes in solutions of IBA, NAA and their combinations. Cuttings treated with 4000 mg l-1 IBA proved to be the best for shoot and root responses, viz., days taken to first sprouting (11.67 days), number of shoots per cutting (10.27), number of leaves in the longest shoot (44.07), length of longest shoot (51.69cm), diameter of the longest shoot (4.40mm), rooting percentage (61.19), number of primary roots per cutting (15.01), length of the longest primary root (26.36cm), and number of secondary roots (22.37) and length of the longest secondary root (21.40cm) per cutting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 mg l-1 was most effective for obtaining maximum shoot and root growth.
Studies on Propagation of Bael (Aegle marmelos L.) under Jhargram Conditions
Authors: Ghosh S N , Roy S , Bera B
Published: August 2023

To work out the optimum time and method for commercial multiplication of bael (Aegle marmelos L.), an investigation was carried out in 2007 and 2008 at a private nursery in Jhargram of Paschim Midnapur, West Bengal. Results revealed that grafting in March should be done under propagation-shed condition. During shortage of scion material, chip budding can be practiced from 20th to 30th March, under partial shade. For raising the orchard in-situ, chip budding should be done at the onset of monsoon (10th to 25th June) on two-year old seedlings, which should have been pruned the previous October.
Hybrid Embryo Rescue: A Non-Conventional Breeding Strategy in Horticultural Crops
Authors: Sahijram Leela , Soneji Jaya R , Naren Anitha , Rao B Madhusudhana
Published: August 2023

Production of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids is useful for transfer of desirable genes from wild species into cultivated species. In many instances, progeny from wide crosses is difficult to produce owing to several barriers. Post-zygotic barriers such as endosperm abortion and, at later stages, embryo degeneration are of common occurrence, leading to low fertility; but these have been overcome through the use of embryo rescue and several hybrids have been developed. This approach is especially useful in horticultural crops, more so in fruit crops. In our laboratory, we have developed protocols for hybrid embryo rescue in several top-of-the-line fruit crops that suffer from an inability to cross naturally (e.g., distant crosses, use of seedless parent/s) or instances where initial fruit drop is very high. Thus, interspecific, intergeneric and intervarietal hybrids have been generated in mango, banana, seedless grape, papaya and seedless citrus using embryo rescue. Culture of embryos has also been demonstrated in rose, capsicum, hot pepper, onion and tomato. Among the very important strategies under non-GM biotechnologies figure techniques of hybrid embryo rescue, and related applications like ovule/ovary/placental cultures through sequential embryo culture. Embryo culture applied to practical problems is a tissue culture technique that has proven to be of greatest value to breeders.
Studies on Genetic Diversity in Growth, Yield and Quality Traits in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Saini Rajiv , Sidhu A S , Singh Daljeet , Kumar Ajay
Published: August 2023

Evaluation of 35 genotypes of tomato for yield, quality and fruit characters under net-house revealed that PCV was higher than GCV for most traits. High heritability, with moderate to high GCV and genetic gain, was recorded for number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, fruit weight, number of fruit-clusters per plant, polar diameter and number of flower-clusters per plant indicating, that, these characters could be improved by simple selection. Total yield per plant had positive and highly significant correlation with number of fruit-clusters per plant, number of flowerclusters per plant and fruit weight. Number of locules per fruit showed positive and significant correlation with fruit weight and equatorial diameter but, significant negative correlation with polar diameter. Maximum direct contribution to total yield per plant was made by number of fruits per plant, followed by number of locules per fruit.
Studies on Floral Biology of Seven Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Cultivars
Authors: Pathak P K , Dutta Ray S K , Mitra S K
Published: August 2023

Floral biology of seven litchi cultivars (China, Deshi, Elaichi, Kasba, McLean, Nafarpal and Piazi) was studied. Cultivar Deshi showed panicle formation on 2nd January, while panicle initiation was early (10th February) in cv. Piazi. Flowering duration varied between 13±4 days in 'China' and 30±3 days in 'Piazi'. Male:hermaphrodite flower ratio was maximum in 'Piazi' (5.8:1) and minimum in 'China' (2.74:1). In general, anthesis was maximum between 7 and 8 AM, while, anther dehiscence was maximum between 9 and 10 AM. Percentage of viable pollen varied between 82.14% in cv. Elaichi and 91.38% in cv. Piazi Pollen germination was higher in 15% sucrose solution.
Berry Weight, Quality and Cane Biochemistry Changes in Relation to Cane Thickness of Own-Rooted and Grafted 'Tas-A-Ganesh' Grape
Authors: Somkuwar R G , Satisha J , Ramteke S D
Published: August 2023

A field trial was conducted to determine the effect of cane thickness on berry quality and other biochemical parameters in 'Tas-A-Ganesh' grape at National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, during the year 2008- 2009. Average bunch weight increased with increase in cane diameter. Own-rooted vines of cane thickness <6mm sprouted earlier than thicker canes. TSS of berries decreased with increase in berry size. Berries on grafted vines recorded lower TSS than on own-rooted vines. Biochemical parameters such as content of reducing sugars, carbohydrat and phenols were higher in grafted vines of cane thickness >10mm. Results indicate that thicker canes either on their own roots or on grafted vines are superior for yield and yield components, as also for physical properties of bunches and berries and total carbohydrate content of the canes.
Effect of Pre-Harvest Treatment on Yield, Maturity and Quality of Flame Seedless Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Gill M I S , Arora N K
Published: August 2023

To improve fruit quality in grape cv. Flame Seedless, application of Ethephon (400 and 500 ppm) and trunk girdling was done at veraison stage. Cluster thinning was done by retaining 100, 75 and 50% of total number of bunches on the vines, and, the rest were removed immediately after full bloom. Highest yield was obtained in the treatment 100% Crop load + 500ppm Ethephon, followed by 75% Crop load + 500ppm Ethephon. The treatment of 50% Crop load + 500ppm Ethephon resulted in maximum bunch weight, lowest percentage of uneven coloured berries, maximum TSS, minimum acidity and maximum TSS:acid ratio, maximum anthocyanin content, advanced maturity by 9 days and had maximum sensory rating. But, in this treatment, yield was significantly lower than in treatments where either 75% or 100% Crop load was retained. Thus, considering yield as well as quality parameters, the treatment 75% Crop load + 500ppm Ethephon was found to be the best.
Effect of Growth Media on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth in Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Cv. Red Lady
Authors: Bhardwaj R L
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to explore the effect of growth media on seed germination and seedling growth in papaya cv. Red Lady. Three types of media with three levels of cocopeat were studied. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design, with nine treatment combinations, and replicated thrice. Results showed that the medium Vermicompost + Sand + Pond soil (1:1:1) with 2cm cocopeat layer on top of the polybag (T9) gave highest germination rate (92.71%), maximum speed of emergence (493.34), highest seed vigour (89.33), maximum germination index (7.18), highest germination value (25.58), the least time required for imbibition (9.37 days) and minimum time taken to germination (3.22 days). Medium T9 was also found to be the best for growth of 'Red Lady' papaya seedlings as it gave the highest values for seedling growth parameters like seedling height (23.05cm), leaf area (339.26cm2), number of leaves (9.84), stem diameter (3.32mm), number of roots (16.68), root length (9.93cm), total biomass (4.89g plant-1) and lowest root/shoot ratio (0.21). This treatment significantly reduced seedling mortality and produced maximum number of healthy seedlings (92.69%) in minimum number of days (35.24), showing the highest net profit (Rs. 3470.65/1000 seedlings) and benefit:cost ratio (1.84) seedling production.
Effect of Dormex on Bud-Break, Flowering and Yield in Kiwifruit Cv. Hayward in Mid-Hill Zone of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Babita  , Rana Vishal S
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out on eight year old Hayward kiwifruit vines to study the effect of Dormex on bud-break, flowering and yield. Treatments included spray of Dormex (2&4%) on February 10th, 20th and March 2nd. Application of 4% Dormex on 10th February, i.e., 40 days prior to anticipated date of natural bud-break, resulted in advancement of bud break and floral-bud emergence by seven days, fruit-set by five days and increase in flowering period by five days.
Effect of Applied Magnesium on Yield and Quality of Tomato in Alfisols of Karnataka
Authors: Kashinath B L , Ganesha Murthy A N , Senthivel T , Pitchai G James , Sadashiva A T
Published: August 2023

Field experiments were conducted for two years on Alfisols to assess the effect of applied magnesium on fruit yield and quality parameters in tomato. Magnesium was applied at four levels ranging from 0 to 100 kg/ha in the form of MgSO4. Applied Mg significantly enhanced fruit yield up to 50kg /ha during the two years of experimentation. Tomato quality parameters viz., total titrable acidity, content of lycopene, total carotenoids and ascorbic acid differed significantly among treatments. Applied Mg significantly improved quality. Highest lycopene content, carotenoids and ascorbic acid in the fruit was recorded in Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) + MgSO4 @ 50Kg/ha followed by RDF + MgSO4 @ 75 kg/ha. Lowest values for the above parameters were observed in the treatment receiving RDF alone in both the years.
Seed Quality Improvement in Okra through Specific Gravity Separation
Authors: Yogeesha H S , Kashinath B L , Bhanuprakash K , Naik L B
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted to assess the efficiency of specific gravity separator in removing partially filled/chaffy seeds of okra during 2007 and 2008. Bulk seed, after extraction, was first subjected to an air screen cleaner with three screens. Then, the good seed fraction obtained was subjected to specific gravity separation. Three fractions were obtained, viz., heavy, medium and light and they were assessed for quality, along with ungraded seed. Test weight, germination percentage, first count, seedling vigour indices I&II and field emergence were significantly higher in the heavy seed fraction than in ungraded seed. Black seed content in heavy seed fraction was significantly low, thereby improving seed quality. Rejection percentage in terms of light and medium seed fractions put together was 3.5% and 12% in 2007 and 2008, respectively. By removal of these fractions, percentage of field emergence improved from 63% to 82% in 2007, and 62.8 to 76.4% in 2008, respectively.
Germination and Growth of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) Seedlings under Protected Environment
Authors: Sharma Lakesh K , Dhaliwal H S
Published: August 2023

Production of disease-free plants is necessary for a healthy future for the citrus industry. Therefore, a study was designed to compare growth of direct-sown and transplanted rough lemon seedlings under controlled conditions. Rough lemon rootstock seedlings were grown under screen-house, shade-net house, glasshouse, and open field conditions. Seeds were planted in seed beds, propagation trays and black polythene bags. Germination was significantly higher (94.30%) in propagation trays under shade-net house except that in screen-house. Minimum germination (62.45%) was recorded in open-field seed-beds. Seedling height, stem diameter, leaf number and leaf area was found to be maximum (i.e., 55.26cm, 0.63cm, 33.43 and 24.75cm2respectively) in direct-sown seeds in polybags under screen-house which were transferred to glasshouse during winter. Minimum values observed were 41.33cm, 0.44cm, 18.29 and 15.47cm2, respectively, in conventionally raised seedlings. On the basis of our study, it is concluded that rough lemon nursery is best raised in polybags under screen-house or glasshouse conditions.
Effect of Maturity and Storage Temperature on Shelf-Life and Quality of Banana Cv. Grand Naine
Authors: Gonge A P , Patel N L , Ahlawat T R , Patil S J
Published: August 2023

A study was undertaken at Regional Horticulture Research Station, NAU, Navsari, during 2008-2009 to assess the effect of maturity stage and storage temperature on shelf-life and quality of banana cv. Grand Naine. The experiment was evaluated in Completely Randomized Ddesign based on the factorial concept, and comprised of three maturity stages (75, 90 and 100% maturity) and four storage temperatures (12°C, 14°C, 16°C&ambient temperature). Fruits harvested at 75% maturity and stored at 12°C recorded maximum green-life and better overall shelf-life, whereas, yellow-life was highest when fruits at 75% maturity were stored at 14°C. Best colour and texture was seen in fruits harvested at 100% maturity and stored at 16°C.
Effect of Age of Transplants on Fruit and Seed Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Shukla Y R , Chhopal Thuktan , Sharma Rajender
Published: August 2023

Tomato is a major cash crop of the mid-hill regions of Himachal Pradesh. Among various factors that affect its growth and yield, age of the transplant - an important factor - is generally ignored by farmers. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, during the summer of 2008 and 2009 to ascertain optimum age of transplants for maximizing fruit and seed yield in tomato var. Solan Vajr. The experiment was laid out in RBD, with 3 replications. Age of the transplant starting with 15 days, and with subsequent gaps of 3 days each (upto 42 days, i.e., 10 stages) comprised different treatments. Among the various treatments imposed, 33-day old (middleaged) transplants performed best with respect to fruit and seed yield than younger or older transplants. This treatment also gave the best results for number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plot (kg), seed recovery (%), seed yield per plot (g), and germination percentage.
Effect of Organic Cultivation of Capsicum annuum L. on Soil Microbial Properties under Open-Field and Shade-House Conditions
Authors: Ganiger Vasant M , Mathad J C , Madalageri M B , Hebasur N S , Bhuvaneswari G
Published: August 2023

Two bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties, viz., California Wonder and Gangavati Local, were raised under nine completely organic nutrient sources, along with recommended package of practices, and, under completely inorganic nutrient sources. Irrespective of the variety and growing environment, there was substantial increase in total bacterial count (22.97% and 24.98%), population of fungi (20.23% and 20.23%), actinomycetes (36.89% and 36.83%) and mycorrhiza (44.63% and 29.40%) in open-field and shade-house conditions, respectively, in all the nutrient combinations where organic sources were used, compared to the inorganic treatment. All organic nutrient sources used were found to be similar in their effect on soil microbes.
Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality in Tomato
Authors: Saraswathi T , Praneetha S
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted to study comparative efficacy of growth regulators and panchakavya on growth, yield and biochemical constitution of tomato. It is well known that panchakavya plays a vital role in organic cultivation. Hence, the present experiment was laid out to determine the effect of this biostimulant on yield and quality in tomato. Recommended dose of fertilizers recorded highest yield. Next best results were obtained by combined spray of panchakavya (3%) + salicylic acid (100ppm) + nitrobenzene (150ppm); panchakavya (3%) alone and panchakavya (3%) + salicylic acid (100ppm). Results also revealed comparable performance of panchakavya over salicylic acid and nitrobenzene indicating, that, panchakavya can be utilized as an organic component to increase yield in tomato.
Studies on Genetic Variability in Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus Ex. Hooker F.)
Authors: Kumar Rajiv
Published: August 2023

Thirteen genotypes of gerbera were evaluated under naturally-ventilated polyhouse in Completely Randomized Block Design during the year 2011-12 to determine genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for 15 quantitative traits, based on which selection may be made. Analysis of Variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters studied. Results revealed that magnitude of the Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the traits, indicating greater genotype and environment interaction. High (>20%) PCV and GCV was observed for number of leaves/plant and leaf width. Heritability estimates ranged from 24.03% (number of suckers/plant/year) to 93.5% (length of ray floret). High heritability (>60%) was observed for all traits except number of suckers/plant/year, flower diameter and flower-stalk diameter. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance over per cent of mean, was observed for number of leaves/plant, leaf length, leaf width, days to bud-burst, days to first-flower opening, disc diameter, flower-stalk length, number of ray florets per flower head with length and width of ray florets.
Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Varieties for Rainfed Cultivation
Authors: Naidu L Naram , Purushotham K
Published: August 2023

Field experiments were carried out for two years at Agricultural Research Station, Seethampeta, Srikakulam Dist., Andhra Pradesh, to identify suitable turmeric cultivars for tribal areas of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh for rainfed cultivation. Ten cultivars were screened for their performance for comparison with the most popular local cultivar, 'Seethampeta local'. All the cultivars tested outperformed the local cultivar. Cultivars PTS-24 and CLL-326 were better in terms of plant height (93.43cm and 92.70cm, respectively) and mean number of tillers / plant (2.16 and 2.21 respectively). Per cent curing was highest in PTS-38 (28.5), followed by PTS-24 (25.7) and CLL-326 (25.2). Cultivars PTS-24 and CLL-326 recorded highest mean yield of both fresh and cured rhizomes. Yield of fresh rhizomes was positively correlated to number of tillers and number of leaves, while, yield of cured rhizomes was significantly influenced by per cent curing and number of leaves. Cultivars PTS-24 and CLL-326 recorded highest mean yield (23.08 t ha-1 and 22.93 t ha-1, respectively) and were identified as suitable varieties for rainfed cultivation in tribal areas of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh.