bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
China Town in Lagos: Chinese Migration and the Nigerian State Since the 1990s
Authors: Liu Shaonan
Published: April 2019

This paper delves into the rise and decline of Lagos’ China Town and its role as a locus of interactions between Chinese migrants and the Nigerian state. I argue that the rise and fall of Chinese private investment in Lagos’ China Town is explained by the Nigerian state’s adjustment to its own entry into the global market. While some Nigerian government officials formed a shared interest of community with Chinese traders via allowing smuggling and grey customs clearance, others frequently raided China Town in the name of protecting local industries. I also argue that Nigerian traders’ and consumers’ perspectives on substandard made-in-China products differed sharply from those of the Nigerian state and manufacturers.
A State of Uncertainty: An Analysis of Recent State Legislative Proposals to Regulate Preventive Services in the United States
Authors: Gakh Maxim , Cris Cody , Cheong Prescott , Coughenour Courtney
Published: April 2019

This policy brief examines preventive services state legislation trends in the United States during uncertainty regarding the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which requires certain coverage of 4 evidence-based preventive services categories without additional patient costs under §2713. We used a legal mapping approach to search for and analyze state legislation related to preventive services proposed or enacted over a 25-month period of ACA uncertainty. We screened 1231 bills and coded the 76 screened-in bills. Next, we determined their characteristics and examined trends. Bills originated in 28 states, and 69.7% were not enacted. Only 3.9% contained requirements contingent on ACA modifications. About 56.6% referenced services covered by §2713, but usually not entire §2713 categories. Bills also mentioned preventive services in general (53.9%) and services outside §2713’s scope (21.1%). About 55.3% applied to private insurance, and 75.0% only to one patient group. Bills generally promoted access, and 51.3% specifically prohibited cost-sharing. But 26.3% of the bills limited access to preventive services. State-level legislation targets preventive services, usually expanding, but sometimes limiting, access. Most bills single out specific services without fully incorporating evidence-based recommendations. State legislation may therefore promote access to preventive services but can favor certain services, deviate from experts’ recommendations, and increase nationwide variability. State legislation can function as an important lever for access to preventive services across patient groups. This may be especially important during uncertainty about federal policy. However, the design of state-level proposals is critical for maximizing access to preventive services.
Occupational therapy student learning on role-emerging placements in schools
Authors: Dancza Karina , Copley Jodie , Moran Monica
Published: April 2019

Introduction

Placements are considered vital in promoting theory-to-practice learning. With role-emerging placements increasingly being offered, the learning processes experienced by students warrants further investigation. This research explored the learning experiences of students, from both supervisor and student perspectives, over the duration of a role-emerging placement in schools, to contribute to our understanding of this important student learning process.

Method

Action research was used across four cycles with 14 students and 11 supervisors. Data were collected through reflective field notes, placement documentation and semi-structured interviews. Findings were analysed using template analysis. Findings: Limited established occupational therapy procedures and role models meant that the students created and used knowledge differently from role-established placements. The procedural knowledge upon which students most heavily relied in previous placements was largely inaccessible to students. Students relied on occupational therapy conceptual and dispositional knowledge, with the support of their peer and supervisor to guide practice. Tensions were seen between providing a service for the school and taking the necessary time to understand and implement the occupational therapy process systematically.

Conclusion

Role-emerging placements are valuable for transformational student learning. These placements do, however, present challenges that require careful negotiation and structured guidance.
Clinical, neuroimaging and immunological phenotype of South African neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Mvambo N , Bhigjee A I , Mody G M
Published: April 2019

Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We undertook this observational retrospective study of patients with NPSLE who had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the indications for MRI and the correlation of clinical and laboratory findings with MRI. We identified 83 NPSLE patients (84.3% women) seen at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban, South Africa, between June 2003 and May 2017. The mean age at SLE diagnosis was 26.24 ± 12.81 years and the median interval to NPSLE was 11.0 (interquartile range, 4.0–39.0) months. The most common indications for MRI were seizures (45.8%), psychosis (18.1%) and cerebrovascular disease (18.1%). The MRI was abnormal in 68 (81.9%) with small-vessel disease in 65 (78.3%) and large-vessel disease in eight (9.6%). The small-vessel abnormalities were white-matter hyperintensities (WMH) (59.0%), atrophy (55.4%) and lacunae (4.6%). Our patients had high disease activity at NPSLE. Cerebrovascular disease was associated with an abnormal MRI ( p = 0.018) and large-vessel disease ( p = 0.014) on MRI. Our NPSLE patients were younger and had high disease activity, and seizures were more common compared with other studies. The most common MRI abnormalities were WMH and cortical atrophy, in agreement with other studies.
Factors Predicating Loss to Follow-Up With Rescreening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs
Authors: Zeitlin Wendy , Auerbach Charles , Mason Susan , Spivak Lynn , Erdman Andrew
Published: April 2019

Most infants born in the United States are screened for hearing loss prior to hospital discharge in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs; however, many infants who do not pass their screening do not return for recommended rescreening and are considered lost to follow-up (LTF). This research addresses this by examining factors related to LTF at the point of rescreening. A prospective longitudinal study tracked 166 families whose newborns were referred for additional testing upon hospital discharge. Analysis identified two factors related to being LTF: parents’ perceptions of hearing loss as having the potential to impact their child’s future and maternal depression; however, social support moderated the impact of maternal depression. Specific implications for working with families is discussed.
Nonlinear free and forced vibration analysis of multiscale composite doubly curved shell embedded in shape-memory alloy fiber under hygrothermal environment
Authors: Karimiasl Mahsa , Ebrahimi Farzad , Mahesh Vinyas
Published: April 2019

In this research, nonlinear free and forced vibration behaviors of the multiscale doubly curved composite shells have been investigated. By using Reddy's third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT) and von-Karman type nonlinearity the strains and stresses are obtained. Three-phase composites shells with polymer/carbon nanotube/fiber and polymer/graphene platelet/fiber and shape-memory alloy (SMA)/matrix according to the Halpin–Tsai model have been analyzed. The governing equations of composite shell have been derived by implementing Hamilton's principle, and according to the multiple scales perturbation method have been solved. The obtained results are validated through the comparison with the available results. Finally, the effects of different parameters such as volume fraction of SMA, temperature rise, various distributions pattern, aspect, and curvature ratio considered on nonlinear frequency have been studied. The results indicate that the changes of the fundamental vibrational mode shape have a significant influence on the nonlinear frequency of the composite shell.
Feline abdominal ultrasonography: what’s normal? what’s abnormal? The biliary tree
Authors: Griffin Sally
Published: April 2019

Practical relevance:

Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. The biliary tree encompasses the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, although only diseases affecting the latter two are discussed here. Diseases of the bile ducts and gall bladder are more common than those of the liver parenchyma and ultrasound plays an important role in their diagnosis.

Clinical challenges:

Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even differentiating between normal variation and pathological changes can be challenging for all but the most experienced. In addition, a lack of pathological change does not necessarily rule out disease; for example, absence of gall bladder and/or extrahepatic biliary distension is not sufficient to exclude the possibility of biliary obstruction, and in many cases of cholangitis the liver and biliary tree are unremarkable on ultrasound examination.

Equipment:

Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience.

Aim:

This review, part of an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses the appearance of the normal and diseased biliary system. It is aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound and is accompanied by high-resolution images. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis is also covered. Ultrasound examination of the liver was discussed in an article published in January 2019 and an upcoming article will cover hepatic vascular anomalies.

Evidence base:

Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author’s own clinical experience.
Acute hindlimb lameness in a 6-month-old cat
Authors: Nappier Michael , Robertson Brooke , LeRoith Tanya
Published: April 2019

Clinical presentation:

A 6-month-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of acute right hindlimb lameness and paresis.

What is your diagnosis?

Readers are encouraged to review the case history and consider what their diagnostic suspicion is. Also what is the preferred treatment for this injury? And what is the primary cause of this injury?
New drug, new problem: do hip fracture patients taking NOACs experience delayed surgery, longer hospital stay, or poorer outcomes?
Authors: Hourston George JM , Barrett Michael P , Khan Wasim S , Vindlacheruvu Madhavi , McDonnell Stephen M
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

Neck of femur fractures are common in the comorbid, often anticoagulated, elderly. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) may affect patient outcomes. We aimed to evaluate whether hip fracture patients admitted on warfarin or NOAC therapy were at risk of operative delay, prolonged length of stay, or increased mortality.

Methods:

We collected data for 845 patients admitted to our centre between October 2014 and December 2016. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between warfarin and NOAC therapy on time to surgery and length of stay. Variables in the regression model were age, sex, admission AMTS, pre-fracture mobility, ASA score, fracture type, and operation type. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate whether warfarin or NOAC therapy delayed surgery beyond 36 or 48 hours, or decreased 30-day, 6-month, or 12-month survival.

Results:

Time to surgery was delayed in anticoagulated patients ( p = 0.028). NOAC therapy was independently associated with increased time to surgery beyond 36 hours ( p = 0.001), although not beyond 48 hours ( p = 0.355), whereas warfarin therapy was not associated with either. Anticoagulation did not increase length of stay ( p = 0.331). Warfarin therapy significantly reduced 30-day survival ( p = 0.007), but NOAC therapy did not ( p = 0.244). Neither warfarin nor NOAC therapy affected further survival.

Conclusions:

NOAC therapy delays time to surgery beyond the NHS England ‘Best Practice Tariff’ in hip fracture patients. We aim to prospectively investigate long-term outcomes. Without a NOAC antidote, policy must change to ensure time-appropriate surgery for patients on NOACs. Preoperative involvement of the haematology team is essential.
A Fragrant Environment Containing α-Pinene Suppresses Tumor Growth in Mice by Modulating the Hypothalamus/Sympathetic Nerve/Leptin Axis and Immune System
Authors: Kusuhara Masatoshi , Maruyama Koji , Ishii Hidee , Masuda Yoko , Sakurai Kazutoshi , Tamai Eiko , Urakami Kenichi
Published: April 2019

The environment is thought to affect outcomes in patients with cancer; however, this relationship has not been proven directly. Recently, an enriched environment, as a model of a positive environment, has been shown to suppress tumor growth by lowering leptin production through a pathway involving the hypothalamus/sympathetic nerve/leptin axis. We previously reported that a fragrant environment (FE) containing α-pinene suppressed tumor growth in mice; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated changes in the neuroendocrine and immune systems following exposure to an FE. Mice were exposed to α-pinene (5 h/day) for 4 weeks prior to tumor implantation with murine melanoma cells and 3 weeks after transplantation. In addition to the evaluation of tumor growth, the blood, spleen, and hypothalamus were collected 3 weeks after transplantation, and neuroendocrinological and immunological parameters were measured. Tumor size was ~40% smaller in mice exposed to FE. Moreover, plasma noradrenaline concentrations, which reflected sympathetic nervous activity, tended to increase, and leptin levels were significantly decreased in FE-exposed mice. Levels of stress hormones, such as plasma corticosterone and adrenaline, did not change in the 2 groups. In the hypothalamus, brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels and glucose-1-phosphate concentrations were decreased in the FE group. Additionally, numbers of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and natural killer cells increased in the FE-exposed mice. These neurohormonal and immunological changes in the FE-exposed mice suggested that the FE may activate the hypothalamus/sympathetic nerve/leptin axis and immune system, thereby retarding tumor growth.
Full Robot-Assisted Living Donor Nephrectomy and Kidney Transplantation in a Twin Dedicated Operating Room: Initial Experience From a High-Volume Robotic Center
Authors: Siena Giampaolo , Vignolini Graziano , Mari Andrea , Li Marzi Vincenzo , Caroassai Simone , Giancane Saverio , Sessa Francesco , Minervini Andrea , Breda Alberto , Serni Sergio
Published: April 2019

Purpose. To describe our initial experience with a full robot-assisted approach for living donor nephrectomy (RALDN) and kidney transplantation (RAKT) in a dedicated twin operating room. Methods. From January to December 2017, 5 cases of RALDN and RAKT were performed in a single high-volume robotic center. All patients underwent a standard left RALDN. The renal hilum was controlled with Hem-O-Lok clips (WECK) and the kidney extracted through a Pfannenstiel incision. RAKT was performed according to the Vattikuti Urology Institute–Medanta technique. Results. RALDN: median estimated blood loss was 182 mL (range = 80-450 mL), no postoperative blood transfusion was required. The median (range) warm ischemia time was 175 (90-220 seconds). No conversion was registered. Median console time was 143 minutes (range = 115-220 minutes). No major surgical intraoperative and postoperative early and late complications occurred. RAKT: all 5 patients successfully underwent RAKT. Median (range) console time was 230 (190-200) minutes, vascular suture time was 58.7 (48-73) minutes, cold ischemia time was 46.2 (30-88) minutes, and rewarming time was 61.2 (55-72) minutes. No conversion was required. No major surgical intraoperative and postoperative early and late complications occurred. Mean glomerular filtration rate at days 1, 3, and 7 postoperatively was 26, 42, and 57 (range = 6-90) mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. No case of delayed graft function was observed. No anastomosis revision, urological complications, lymphocele, and surgical site infection occurred. Conclusions. In our experience, RALDN and RAKT are safe and effective. The intuitiveness of the robotic approach provided substantial benefits both for the living donor and recipient from the very beginning of our series. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred.
The use of EndoAnchors in endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with challenging proximal neck: Single-centre experience
Authors: Giudice Rocco , Borghese Ottavia , Sbenaglia Giorgio , Coscarella Carlo , De Gregorio Claudia , Leopardi Marco , Pogany Gabriele
Published: April 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to present a single-centre experience with EndoAnchors in patients who underwent endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms with challenging proximal neck, both in the prevention and treatment of endograft migration and type Ia endoleaks.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 17 consecutive patients treated with EndoAnchors between June 2015 and May 2018 at our institution. EndoAnchors were applied during the initial endovascular aneurysm repair procedure (primary implant) to prevent proximal neck complications in difficult anatomies (nine patients), and in the follow-up after aneurysm exclusion (secondary implant) to correct type Ia endoleak and/or stent-graft migration (eight patients).

Results

Mean time for anchors implant was 23 min (range 12–41), with a mean of 5 EndoAnchors deployed per patient. Six patients in the secondary implant group required a proximal cuff due to stent-graft migration ≥10 mm. Technical success was achieved in all cases, with no complications related to deployment of the anchors. At a median follow-up of 13 months (range 4–39, interquartile range 9–20), there were no aneurysm-related deaths or aneurysm ruptures, and all patients were free from reinterventions. CT-scan surveillance showed no evidence of type Ia endoleak, anchors dislodgement or stent-graft migration, with a mean reduction of aneurysm diameter of 0.4 mm (range 0–19); there was no sac growth or aortic neck enlargement in any case.

Conclusions

EndoAnchors can be safely used in the prevention and treatment of type Ia endoleaks in patients with challenging aortic necks, with good results in terms of sac exclusion and diameter reduction in the mid-term follow-up.
Health professionals’ attitudes to patients’ use of wearable technology
Authors: Watt Angus , Swainston Katherine , Wilson Gemma
Published: April 2019

Objective

Wearable technologies for health monitoring are becoming increasingly mainstream. However, there is currently limited evidence exploring use from the perspective of healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore health professionals’ attitudes toward their patients’ use of wearable technologies.

Methods

A convenience sample of health professionals was recruited to participate in this study. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out either face-to-face, via Skype or telephone. Interviews were recorded using a Dictaphone, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Four themes emerged from the qualitative findings: ‘opportunities for wearable technology’, ‘usability and understanding’, ‘privacy and surveillance’ and ‘cost’.

Conclusions

The findings portray health professionals’ ambivalence to the use of wearable technology, and it was apparent that whilst the participants considered the technology as being beneficial to patients, they still had concerns for its use.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus Periprosthetic Joint Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Kelly Blane C. , Constantinescu David S. , Foster William
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

A periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a potentially devastating complication following an arthroplasty procedure. There are many organisms that commonly cause this complication; in this case report, we will discuss a PJI caused by an unusual bacteria found in the mouths of domestic pets.

Objective:

To present a case report of a patient with a periprosthetic hip infection from Capnocytophaga canimorsus and review the literature.

Methods:

We present a case of C canimorsus PJI in an immunocompetent woman who had undergone a total hip arthroplasty. The patient was doing well postoperatively for many years until she was bitten on the foot by a domestic canine. Patient diagnosed using Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria, then treated with explant of the hip prosthesis, irrigation and debridement, placement of an antibiotic cement spacer, and a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics.

Results:

Unfortunately, while awaiting replant, this patient had a massive myocardial infarction and died.

Discussion:

Current literature suggests treating canine bites with amoxicillinas well as a discussion with patients pre-/postoperatively from a lower extremity arthroplasty specialist.

Conclusion:

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a rare cause of infection, even more unusual in an immunocompetent patient. This study highlights the importance of considering C canimorsus as a cause of PJI, regardless of the immunologic status of the patient.
Opportunities and Challenges for Regional Economic Integration in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Wignaraja Ganeshan , Collins Adam , Kannangara Pabasara
Published: April 2019

This article examines increasing regional economic integration in the Indian Ocean, along with the region’s rising importance in the global economy and outlines the challenges to greater regional integration. It finds that the strategically located Indian Ocean economy has become an increasingly important part of the global economy in the past two decades and has become more integrated within itself. Forecasts suggest that the Indian Ocean economy will likely account for around a fifth of global GDP by 2025 and its GDP per capita is expected to almost double. However, realising this outlook will depend on tackling several pressing challenges to regional integration, including improving port quality and logistics, lowering barriers to trade and investment, narrowing development gaps, and strengthening the regional economic governance. Tackling these challenges requires a combination of coherent national and regional policy measures.

JEL Codes: F150, F410, F550
Prospective Clinical Validation of the InVisionFirst-Lung Circulating Tumor DNA Assay for Molecular Profiling of Patients With Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Pritchett Michael A. , Camidge D. Ross , Patel Manu , Khatri Jamil , Boniol Steven , Friedman Elke K. , Khomani Abderrahim , Dalia Samir , Baker-Neblett Katherine , Plagnol Vincent , Howarth Karen D. , Jones Gregory R. , Rosenfeld Nitzan , Morris Clive D. , Govindan Ramaswamy
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE

Guidelines advocate molecular profiling in the evaluation of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and support the use of plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based profiling for patients with insufficient tissue. Thorough prospective clinical validation studies of next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based ctDNA assays are lacking. We report the multicentered prospective clinical validation of the InVision ctDNA assay in patients with advanced untreated NSCLC.

METHODS

A total of 264 patients with untreated advanced NSCLC were prospectively recruited, and their plasma was analyzed using a ctDNA NGS assay for detection of genomic alterations in 36 commonly mutated genes. Tumor tissue was available in 178 patients for molecular profiling for comparison with plasma profiling. The remaining 86 patients were included to compare ctDNA profiles in patients with and without tissue for profiling.

RESULTS

Concordance of InVisionFirst with matched tissue profiling was 97.8%, with 82.9% positive predictive value, 98.5% negative predictive value, 70.6% sensitivity, and 99.2% specificity. Considering specific alterations in eight genes that most influence patient management, the positive predictive value was 97.8%, with 97.1% negative predictive value, 73.9% sensitivity, and 99.8% specificity. Across the entire study, 48 patients with actionable alterations were identified by ctDNA testing compared with only 38 by tissue testing. ctDNA NGS reported either an actionable alteration or an alteration generally considered mutually exclusive for such actionable changes in 53% of patients.

CONCLUSION

The liquid biopsy NGS assay demonstrated excellent concordance with tissue profiling in this multicenter, prospective, clinical validation study, with sensitivity and specificity equivalent to Food and Drug Administration–approved single-gene ctDNA assays. The use of plasma-based molecular profiling using NGS led to the detection of 26% more actionable alterations compared with standard-of-care tissue testing in this study.
The Liver as an Endocrine Organ—Linking NAFLD and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Watt Matthew J , Miotto Paula M , De Nardo William , Montgomery Magdalene K
Published: April 2019

The liver is a dynamic organ that plays critical roles in many physiological processes, including the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional hepatic lipid metabolism is a cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Through the use of advanced mass spectrometry “omics” approaches and detailed experimentation in cells, mice, and humans, we now understand that the liver secretes a wide array of proteins, metabolites, and noncoding RNAs (miRNAs) and that many of these secreted factors exert powerful effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the rapidly evolving field of “hepatokine” biology with a particular focus on delineating previously unappreciated communication between the liver and other tissues in the body. We describe the NAFLD-induced changes in secretion of liver proteins, lipids, other metabolites, and miRNAs, and how these molecules alter metabolism in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to induce insulin resistance. We also synthesize the limited information that indicates that extracellular vesicles, and in particular exosomes, may be an important mechanism for intertissue communication in normal physiology and in promoting metabolic dysregulation in NAFLD.
An Epiblast Stem Cell derived multipotent progenitor population for axial extension
Authors: Edri Shlomit , Hayward Penny , Baillie-Johnson Peter , Steventon Benjamin , Arias Alfonso Martinez
Published: April 2019

The mammalian embryos Caudal Lateral Epiblast harbours bipotent progenitors that contribute to the spinal cord and the paraxial mesoderm in concert with the body axis elongation. These progenitors, called Neural Mesodermal Progenitors (NMPs) are identified as cells coexpressing Sox2 and T/Brachyury, a criterion used to derive NMP-like cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro. However, these progenitors do not self renew, as embryonic NMPs do. Here we find that protocols that yield NMP-like cells in vitro first produce a multipotent population that, in addition to NMPs, generate progenitors for the lateral plate and intermediate mesoderm. We show that Epiblast Stem Cells (EpiSCs) are an effective source for these multipotent progenitors that are further differentiated by a balance between BMP and Nodal signalling. Importantly, we show that NMP-like cells derived from EpiSCs can be maintained in vitro and exhibit a gene expression signature like their embryonic counterparts.
Muscle precursor cell movements in zebrafish are dynamic and require six-family genes
Authors: Talbot Jared C. , Teets Emily M. , Ratnayake Dhanushika , Duy Phan Q. , Currie Peter D. , Amacher Sharon L.
Published: April 2019

Muscle precursors need to be correctly positioned during embryonic development for proper body movement. In zebrafish, a subset of hypaxial muscle precursors from the anterior somites undergo long-range migration, moving away from the trunk in three streams to form muscles in distal locations like the fin. We mapped long-distance muscle precursor migrations with unprecedented resolution using live imaging. We identified conserved genes necessary for normal precursor motility (six1a, six1b, six4a, six4b and met). These genes are required for movement away from somites and later to partition two muscles within the fin bud. During normal development, the middle muscle precursor stream initially populates the fin bud, then the remainder of this stream contributes to the posterior hypaxial muscle. When we block fin bud development by impairing retinoic acid synthesis or Fgfr function, the entire stream contributes to the posterior hypaxial muscle indicating that muscle precursors are not committed to the fin during migration. Our findings demonstrate a conserved muscle precursor motility pathway, identify dynamic cell movements that generate posterior hypaxial and fin muscles, and demonstrate flexibility in muscle precursor fates.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Exercise and Diet on Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion
Authors: DING CHERLYN , CHOOI YU CHUNG , CHAN ZHILING , LO JEZEBEL , CHOO JOHN , DING BENJAMIN TZE KEONG , LEOW MELVIN K.-S. , MAGKOS FAIDON
Published: April 2019

Purpose

A single bout of aerobic exercise increases insulin sensitivity the next day. The effects of exercise on insulin secretion, the role of exercise-induced energy deficit, and possible dose–response relationships are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion after progressively greater negative energy balance induced by exercise or diet.

Methods

Acute energy deficits (20% or 40% of weight maintenance needs) were induced by a single day of aerobic exercise (cycling at moderate intensity, n = 13) or dietary restriction (n = 19) in healthy men and women (age, 26 ± 2 yr; body mass index, 21.8 ± 0.5 kg·m−2). Intravenous glucose tolerance tests in conjunction with minimal modeling were performed the next morning, and blood samples were collected for 3 h to measure glucose and insulin concentrations.

Results

Insulin sensitivity increased linearly after exercise-induced energy deficits (P = 0.007) but did not change after equivalent diet-induced energy deficits (P = 0.673). Acute insulin response decreased after both exercise (P < 0.001) and dietary restriction (P = 0.005). The disposition index and glucose effectiveness were not affected by exercise (P = 0.138 and 0.808, respectively), but both decreased after 40% dietary restriction (P = 0.048 and 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions

These results indicate that insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion are related to exercise energy expenditure, albeit in a different fashion (insulin sensitivity increases linearly, whereas insulin secretion drops to a nadir with a low exercise dose and does not decrease further). These changes cannot be replicated by equivalent energy deficits induced by dietary restriction, suggesting that exercise and diet have different effects on the mechanisms regulating glucose homeostasis. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03264001.
RACK1 on and off the ribosome
Authors: Johnson Alex G. , Lapointe Christopher P. , Wang Jinfan , Corsepius Nicholas C. , Choi Junhong , Fuchs Gabriele , Puglisi Joseph D.
Published: April 2019

Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is a eukaryote-specific ribosomal protein (RP) implicated in diverse biological functions. To engineer ribosomes for specific fluorescent labeling, we selected RACK1 as a target given its location on the small ribosomal subunit and other properties. However, prior results suggested that RACK1 has roles both on and off the ribosome, and such an exchange might be related to its various cellular functions and hinder our ability to use RACK1 as a stable fluorescent tag for the ribosome. In addition, the kinetics of spontaneous exchange of RACK1 or any RP from a mature ribosome in vitro remain unclear. To address these issues, we engineered fluorescently labeled human ribosomes via RACK1, and applied bulk and single-molecule biochemical analyses to track RACK1 on and off the human ribosome. Our results demonstrate that, despite its cellular nonessentiality from yeast to humans, RACK1 readily reassociates with the ribosome, displays limited conformational dynamics, and remains stably bound to the ribosome for hours in vitro. This work sheds insight into the biochemical basis of RPs exchange on and off a mature ribosome and provides tools for single-molecule analysis of human translation.
Crowdfunding via Revenue-Sharing Contracts
Authors: Fatehi Soraya , Wagner Michael R.
Published: April 2019

Problem definition: We analyze a new model of crowdfunding recently introduced by Bolstr, Localstake, and Startwise. A platform acts as a matchmaker between a firm needing funds and a crowd of investors willing to provide capital. After the firm is funded, it pays back the investors using revenue-sharing contracts, with a prespecified investment multiple (investors will receive [Formula: see text] dollars for every dollar invested) and a revenue-sharing proportion, over an investment horizon of uncertain duration. Academic/practical relevance: We analyze the revenue-sharing contract approach to crowdfunding, and we assist the firm to determine its optimal contract parameters to maximize its expected net present value (NPV) subject to investor participation constraints and platform fees. Methodology: A natural multiperiod formulation for the firm’s problem results in an intractable stochastic optimization model, which we approximate using a deterministic model. In the approximation model, we use a cash buffer for dealing with cash flow uncertainties; we are able to solve the approximation model analytically. Results: Parametrized on real data from Bolstr campaigns, our approximation solutions give an NPV in the stochastic problem that is within 0.2% of the simulation-based optimal NPV for all levels of cash flow uncertainty. We compare revenue-sharing contracts with equity crowdfunding and observe that the former result in higher NPVs and comparable bankruptcy probabilities. We also compare revenue-sharing contracts with fixed rate loans and find that, for most cases considered, revenue-sharing contracts provide a higher NPV and a lower probability of bankruptcy than a fixed rate loan. We also show that these benefits are more significant for firms with higher levels of cash flow uncertainty. Managerial implications: Revenue-sharing contracts are a novel approach to crowdfunding, and we show that are superior to other financing models.
Meniscus allograft transplantation: indications, techniques and outcomes
Authors: Figueroa Francisco , Figueroa David , Calvo Rafael , Vaisman Alex , Espregueira-Mendes João
Published: April 2019

New indications for meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) are being added, but the general expert opinion is that it is still a procedure reserved for symptomatic meniscal loss. Lateral MAT has better clinical outcomes and less failure risk compared to medial MAT. Ideal conditions (low-grade chondral lesions) make MAT a more survivable and successful procedure. Meniscal extrusion after MAT is common and does not seem to alter results. Midterm survivorship of a MAT is reported to be 85–90%, while long-term survivorship decreases to 50–70% depending on chondral status and concomitant procedures. Even if the procedure is a success, there are high possibilities of not being able to resume sports activities.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:115-120. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180052
Intellectual spaces in screenwriting studies: The practitioner-academic and fidelity discourse
Authors: Bailey Terry
Published: April 2019

As Craig Batty argues, traditional screenwriting research predominantly concerns itself not with the practice of writing, but its end product. This can lead to the actual process of writing being overlooked. The advent of the practitioner-academic within screenwriting studies has led to the foregrounding of the interests of practice over those of more traditional academic research. According to Batty, the intent of the practitioner-academic’s research is to generate knowledge that can influence the work of screenwriters directly. This article argues that additionally, practitioner-academics can make a valuable contribution towards more ‘traditional’ research, simply by occupying the same unique intellectual space from which they might influence practice. The article uses debates surrounding fidelity within adaptation studies to examine the ways in which the practitioner-academic’s unique approach can enhance ‘traditional’ research, and draws on examples from practice to do so, namely the book to film adaptation Starship Troopers (1997).
Leaching of heavy metals and barium from forest roads reinforced with fly ash
Authors: Lindroos Antti-Jussi , Ryhti Kira , Kaakkurivaara Tomi , Uusitalo Jori , Helmisaari Heljä-Sisko
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leaching of heavy metals (Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Mo) and earth-alkaline metal, barium (Ba), on the percolation and ditch water quality from the forest roads that contained ash in the road structures. Water quality was studied in the immediate vicinity below the ash layers as well as deeper in the road structure. Water quality was also determined in the drainage water in ditches that crossed the forest roads. A mixture of wood and peat based fly ash was used in the road structures. The treatments were: 1) no ash, 2) a 15 cm layer of ash/gravel mixture, 3) a 20 cm layer of ash/gravel mixture, 4) a 25 cm layer of ash, and 5) a 50 cm layer of ash. Large variation in the concentrations of Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mo and Ba in the percolation water, even within the same treatment, caused difficulties to generalize the results. The concentrations of Cr, As, Ni, Pb, Mo and Ba in water samples were high in some treatment plot lysimeters containing ash compared to the control (no ash). On the other hand, many lysimeters had low and similar concentrations in water samples in the treatment plots containing ash compared to concentrations in the control plots. The ash in the roads did not affect the concentrations in the ditches. The leaching is uneven and seems to take place only from some parts of the ash layer. Risk for leaching is minimal if such parts are not widely spread.
Towards an Open Access publication workflow for monographs for university presses
Authors: Schrader Antonia , Grossmann Alexander , Reiche Michael , Böhm David
Published: April 2019

A first draft of an media-neutral as well as both cost-effective and personnel-efficient publications workflow for Open Access (OA) monograph publishing at university presses is presented. The workflow has been developed as a result of the research project
Open-Access-Hochschulverlagat the Leipzig University of Applied Sciences, Germany. The aim of the project is to develop a sustainable and adoptable workflow to enable universities to publish their publications as OA and printed books simultaneously in a state-of-the-art way and without any restrictions regarding the license, the variety of formats, print run etc.

Up to now, we have defined 20 main processes with up to 12 sub-processes which a university press has to consider when publishing OA books state-of-the-art. These processes have been shown on the poster.

The arrangement and the arrows between the processes indicate in which order the processes should be ideally organised by the university presses. Since any university may adapt that workflow individually, it includes several possible ways by which an OA book can be published (see process 1 or 3 at the poster). The visualisation of the publication workflow represents only a part of the results of our research project. In addition detailed descriptions for each process have been created, which explain a certain process in depth, e.g. who is responsible for it, what time it takes and what it may cost to complete the process. These detailed descriptions will be published elsewhere.
Analysis of rain fade mitigation using site diversity technique in southern tropical region of India
Authors: Harika S , Nagarjuna S , V. Naveen T , Sanjay Harshanth G , Ch. Sri Kavya K , K. Kotamraju Sarat
Published: April 2019

In order to design a reliable earth to satellite microwave link at certain frequencies in tropical region due to multi propagation we come across fading which means variation of attenuation of a signal with time, geographical position and radio frequency. The radio waves propagating through the earth atmosphere is attenuated due to the presence of atmospheric particles such as water vapor, rain drops and the ice particles which absorb and scatter the radio waves and consequently degrade the performance of the microwave link and there is probability of loss of signal strength, to mitigate this problem Site Diversity Technique is used from the different Fade Mitigation Techniques. The analysis of Site Diversity Gain Model based on the measured rainfall data has been done.
Security enhanced using honey encryption for private data sharing in cloud
Authors: Srinivasu N , Sahil Masood , Francis Jeevan , Pravallika Sure
Published: April 2019

In today’s modern age technology as there is a production of vast amount of data, it is getting very difficult to store such a vast amount of information. The best way to store this huge data is on cloud. As nowadays business organisations are moving towards cloud to store their data, security remains the primary concern. Is the data securing enough on the cloud or not? One of the ways to secure data on cloud is by providing security on cloud through Honey Encryption. Juels&Ristenrpart introduced honey encryption and showed how to achieve message recovery security even in the face of attacks that can exhaustively try all likely keys. Honey Encryption is a new encryption scheme that ensures the messages decrypted with invalid keys yield a valid looking message. In this paper, we present our implementation of Honey Encryption and apply it to useful real-world scenarios such as providing security to files which are been saved in cloud. The files contain variety of information in it. We also provide assurance against brute force attacks.
Is Agile Cure for Everything
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Singh Anurupa , Joshi Ambrish
Published: April 2019

This research paper explores Agile- more in terms of its successes, its limitations, myths around Agile and where it could be the best fit. The paper also envisions to demystify the aura around Agile methodology with excerpts gathered from discussions with some of the Agile thought leaders.
A voice based text mail system for visually impaired
Authors: Mary Belinda M.J Carmel , N Rupavathy , N.R Mahalakshmi
Published: April 2019

To develop a voice primarily based email system that will facilitate visually impaired individuals to access email in a problem free    manner. Together with providing usage of mail services simply and with efficiency, the system also will cut back the psychological         feature work that must be unremarkably taken by the visually impaired to recollect and sort characters using the normal Braille          keyboards, which are accessible to them. The graphical user interface of this method has been evaluated against the interface of the traditionally accessible mail system. Not only for visually impaired, but also for  people who are illiterate might have the benefit of this technique. The foremost crucial facet which will be thought of developing this technique is that the users of this technique does not have any basic information regarding the keyboard shortcuts used or wherever the keys are used for. All functions to be  utilized in this technique are supposed to be easy mouse click operations creating the system very user friendly. This application                       proposes an android application, designed specifically for visually impaired individuals. This application provides a voice primarily based mailing service which provides them to browse and send mail on their own, without any guidance. The users ought to use certain keywords which can perform certain actions for e.g. Read, Send, Compose Mail, Address Book etc. This EMAIL         system is utilized by a visually handicapped person to access mails easily and with efficiency. Therefore reliance of visually impaired on others for his or her own activities associated with mail are often reduced.
A mechanism for identifying the guilt agent in a network using vector quantization and skew Gaussian distribution
Authors: Praveen Kumar P , Srinivas Y , Vamsi Krishna M
Published: April 2019

The recent state of art technologies has facilitated towards the ease of transfer of information from source to destination in a most comfortable and optimized medium. The channel transmitting discrepancies are rotted out by the sophisticated mechanisms that are being used currently using fiber optical cables etc… However sophisticated transmission mechanisms are available, the data transmission is always under threat due to intruder’s hackers and guilt agents, who try to either steal the information, override the information or share the information to miscreants. Therefore techniques are to be developed to identify these guilt agents so that the data transmission can be transformed in a more secure way without any pitfalls. This paper addresses in this direction by proposing models based on vector quantization and statistical models.
An improved energy efficient and stable routing approach in manet
Authors: Uvaneshwari M , E A Neeba , Kumar N.K Senthil
Published: April 2019

Reliable course for the continuous correspondence is the most vital issue in MANET. With a specific end goal to conquer these issues, in this paper, in existing an EDNR and PESR conventions are proposed to over these issues however it can give an answer just to vitality proficient directing not for stable steering. So we propose a stable and vitality proficient steering strategy. In the proposed strategy, nature of administration (QoS) checking specialists assemble and compute the association unwavering quality measurements, for example, connect lapse time (LET), probabilistic connection dependable time (PLRT), interface parcel blunder rate (LPER) and connection got flag quality (LRSS). In collection, leftover battery control (RBP) is actualized to keep up the vitality effectiveness in the system. At long last, course choice likelihood (RSP) is ponder in view of these anticipated parameters utilizing fluffy rationale. Reproduction comes about demonstrate that the proposed directing procedure enhances the parcel conveyance proportion and diminishes the vitality utilization