bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of discharge on head loss with straight and bend flow directions in the pipeline
Authors: Bachrun R , Pallu M S , Thaha M A , Bakri B
Published: September 2021

Piping flow is a way of transportation to carry material from one place to another. A problem in pipelines is a head loss. This head loss can affect pipe capacity and reduce flow discharge. Structure or geometry of pipelines will affect energy due to the roughness of pipe walls, friction, bends, joints and energy decreases with the length of passed pipe. Head loss in the piping system includes major and minor energy losses. The objective of this research is to determine the magnitude of major and minor head losses and to determine the relationship between discharge and velocity, pressure height, and the influence of geometric network structure. The variation of flowed discharge is 0.5 liter/second, 2.5 liter/second, 3 liter/second and 4 liter/second. The research is experimental research conducted in the laboratory. The test design uses a pipeline with a length of 6 m, a width of 1.20 m, and a dimension of 64 mm. The results showed that an increase in flow rate (Q) followed by an increase in flow velocity (v) will increase Reynold’s (Re) number so that the head loss in the pipeline will increase. The increasing of Reynold’s (Re) number will decrease the value of the friction coefficient. Structure or geometric of the line also influences the pattern of flow. In a straight pipe, the velocity of flow is large but the pressure height is small compared to the bend pipe flow where the velocity of flow is small but the pressure height is larger.
The potential of tidal power plant with a double-cycle system with a single pond in Merauke
Authors: Rusvan A A , Thaha M A , Paotonan C
Published: September 2021

Tide is an important parameter in obtaining the amount of tidal energy based on the value of the highest and lowest tide levels. Nearshore of Merauke, Papua Province, are waters located in the Arafuru Sea which is suspected of having high tidal energy potential. These tides are caused by the influence of the attraction of the moon and sun. Also, local factors that influence are the shape of the beach morphology which is natural and coastal waters such as bays and narrow straits, and the depth of nearshore. The results of HHWL and LLWL calculations for tide data sourced from the Center for Geodesy and Geodynamics Control Network (Gravity and Tidal Control Network Field) for 1 year and obtained the largest letter tide ride occurred in January at 4,072 m. The simulation results with a pond area of 10,000 m2 amounting to 142436.99 kWh for one year in 2019. So it can be concluded that the known energy use can be used as a reference in future planning development to obtain maximum tidal energy as an alternative energy source. This paper is part of a series of research on a single pond dual cycle system in empowering tidal energy that is being carried out.
Makanuai river flood control study at Jayapura district
Authors: Huddiankuwera A , Rochmawati R , Iriaanto
Published: September 2021

The location of this research was carried out in the Makanuai River, Sentani Timur district, Jayapura Regency. Analysis of the planned flood discharge on the Makanuai river using the Rational method for calculating the planned flood discharge. Based on the results of the analysis of the calculation of flood plans with the method that has been done, it can be seen the flood discharge of the Sungai Makanuai plan, the return period Q 2 years = 123,358 m3 / sec, Q 5 years = 155,098 m3 / sec, Q 10 Years = 177,421 m3 / sec, Q 25 Years = 207,294 m3 / sec and Q 50 Years = 230,698 m3 / sec. Based on the analysis of the flow hydraulics on the cross-section of the Makanuai River in the HEC-RAS Program, it was found that the elevation of the floodwater level exceeded the capacity of the river. Therefore, it is necessary to make a Dividing Channel (Corner) accommodate the remaining flow of airflow that cannot be accommodated in the Main Canal so that the capacity of the Makanuai river flow will be reduced when maximum rainfall occurs. The operated Shaving Channel is capable of flowing discharge of 204,259 m3 / sec for a 50 year return period.
Estimation of the potential utilization of wave power surrounding Bali beach using CSP-MS
Authors: Thaha M A , Puspita A I D , Suriamiharja D A , Patittingi F , Paotonan C , Mustari A S
Published: September 2021

A series of studies have been and are being carried out to get an innovative engineering-based method of changing the paradigm of a breakwater as a dissipate wave energy structures into a coastal structure that protects the coast by capturing wave energy (Catchwater Shore Protection-CSP) to turn generator turbines. This work estimates the potential utilization of wave energy around the South Coast of Bali Island to be used as electric power with a multi slope CSP structure (CSP-MS). Wave data for 15 years (2005-2019) at 4 observation points were gathered up from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The representative wave analysis (Hn, where n is the return period year) yields a base value of H10 = 2.79 m with T10 = 13.36 s; Hs = 2.40 m with Ts = 12.33 s; H50 = 2.24 m with T50 = 11.89 s and H100 = 1.87 m with T100 = 10.75 s. The empirical analysis results indicate that the efficiency of capturing wave energy is ranging from 34.8% to 43.3% using CSP-MS.
The effectiveness of increasing the amount of Return Activated Sludge (RAS) in wastewater with a combination biofilter system on bulking parameters
Authors: Mursalim I A , Pallu M S , Selintung M , Rahim I R
Published: September 2021

Control of industrial wastewater treatment is very important to produce good effluent. Secondary processing is the heart of wastewater treatment. The problem that often occurs in secondary processing using activated sludge is bulking in the mixed liquor. Various studies on bulking have been done. The optimal aeration time is 3 hours to remove bulking in the mixed liquor caused by S.Natans bacteria. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the addition of the amount of Return Activated Sludge (RAS) in wastewater with a combination biofilter system on bulking parameters. The method used is experimental in the laboratory. The research design used a completely randomized design. The variation of the test that will be carried out is the addition of the Return Activated sludge variation test to determine the effectiveness of adding RAS to wastewater with a biofilter combination system on bulking parameters. The experiment was repeated 3 times, resulting in 27 treatments. To test bulking, it is tested using the parameters SVI (Sludge Volume Index), DO, MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid), and BOD. The results showed that the addition of Return Activated Sludge in wastewater was very effective in a combination biofilter system against bulking parameters.
Experimental investigation of wave reflection at a wave energy converter breakwater
Authors: Puspita A I D , Thaha M A
Published: September 2021

The wave energy converter breakwater innovation model with an overtopping mechanism with an impermeable single smooth slope was investigated experimentally in the laboratory. Investigations were carried out to determine how the relative freeboard and slope influence the reflection waves. This research is interesting because the main objective of this model is actually to capture overtopping waves to be collected in the reservoir and used as energy conversion, therefore besides the occurrence of wave overtopping through the model peak, one important parameter which is also interesting to know is how the effect of the relative freeboard and slope of this model to the reflection waves in front of the model. The physical model test research was conducted on a two-dimensional wave flume. The single smooth impermeable slope wave energy converter breakwater model is made of a size that can be mobilized by the flume. Several parameters of the model are varied, such as the slope angle and height of the freeboard model. In hydraulic parameters, variations such as incident wave height and wave period are also carried out. The results showed that the 1: 2 and 1: 2.5 slope models generally produce a greater reflection than the 1: 3 slope model. For the effect of the relative freeboard, it is found that the greater the value of the structure relative freeboard, the greater the wave reflection coefficient, with the range of wave reflection coefficient values obtained in this study are 0.1-0.7.
Measurement of Turbulent Flows and Shear Stress on Open Channels
Authors: Mansida A , Selintung M , Pallu M S , Hatta M P
Published: September 2021

The phenomenon of turbulent flows becomes a virtual object in any changes in open channel flow hydraulics. Turbulent flow and shear stress have a role in the geometrical changes of bed channel and sediment movement. The dynamics of turbulent flow are consequences of hydraulic channel dynamics. Turbulent flow has excessive kinetic energy resulting in resistance force because the increase of friction effect and infraction in turbulent flow creates a complex phenomenon. Shear stress is in the eternal pressure of flow against the deformation of the primary basic form of channel. The research aims to analyze turbulent flow, shear stress, and bed scours’ phenomena and potential. Measurement of turbulent flows is by measuring the flow velocity in four segments at a distance of 100 cm each. The channel’s cross-section is divided into nine parts and five measurement points in the flow depth of inner and outer regions. There are three variations of channel discharge and slope, i.e., low discharge (Q1), medium discharge (Q2), large discharge (Q3), and downward slope (S1), medium slope (S2), and high pitch (S3). The parameter of turbulent flow analysis, shear stress includes flow velocity average (U), flow depth (h), channel slope (S), viscosity (φ), the mass density of the liquid (ρ), the characteristic length or hydraulic radius (L/R) by using an empirical equation approach. Turbulent flow analysis used dimensionless Reynolds’ number equation approach. The effect of hydrodynamic on turbulent flow causes the distribution of shear and scour stress, transport, and sediment deposition. The increase in the slope of the channel affects the increase in the values of shear stress.
Characteristics of salinity in the semi-enclosed Saro Estuary, Takalar, Indonesia
Authors: Rohani I , Paroka D , Thaha M A , Hatta M P
Published: September 2021

Narrowing in the semi-enclosed estuary due to sediment deposits can disrupt shipping lanes and flooding in the upstream area. Because of water circulation in the estuary, both the flow of freshwater from rivers and saltwater from the sea is obstructed. When contaminants originating from Watersheds flow into bays, they can accumulate and continue to degrade water quality. The purpose of this study was to describe the salinity distribution of the semi-closed river estuaries to the high and low tidal conditions. This research is field research at the Saro river, Takalar, Indonesia. The results show that there is a narrowing at the mouth of Saro estuary due to the presence of barrier berm across the estuary and shallow channels due to sedimentation so that seawater is trapped in the back-barrier region at during the tide. Water salinity in the Saro estuary’s back-barrier area occurs up to point SL 6 or 0.67 km from the estuary to the upstream of the river. Distribution of salinity in the Saro estuary’s back-barrier region can be classified as strongly stratified to well-mixed. At the SL 6 sample point, the salinity values ranged from 30-34.7 ppt, which means seawater, even though the conditions are at the lowest tide.
How to Reduce the Exposure of Welders to an Acceptable Level: Results of the InterWeld Study
Authors: Lehnert Martin , Goebel Arno , Zschiesche Wolfgang , Kendzia Benjamin , Pelzer Johannes , Taeger Dirk , Brüning Thomas , Behrens Thomas
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Workplace measurements in the past have shown that the applicable occupational exposure limits (OELs) are regularly exceeded in practice when high-emission welding processes are applied. The InterWeld pilot study was planned as part of an intervention study to show under which conditions compliance with the OEL is achievable in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with solid wire. The investigation focussed on local exhaust ventilation, i.e. captor hoods and welding torches with integrated fume extraction.

Methods

Forty tests with hand-guided GMAW were configured by experts with regard to all technical parameters and carried out by a professional welder. Effects of protective measures and process parameters on the exposure to respirable welding fumes and airborne manganese (Mn), chromium, nickel, and hexavalent chromium were investigated. Personal sampling was carried out in the welder’s breathing zone outside the face shield at high flow rates (10 l min−1) in order to achieve sufficient filter loading. Particle masses and welding fume concentrations were determined by weighing the sampling filters. Metal concentrations were analysed by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In order to evaluate the effects on exposure, the measurements were performed under similar conditions. The data were analysed descriptively and with mixed linear models. For measurements below the limit of detection, the exposure level was estimated using multiple imputation.

Results

Two to five times higher exposures to respirable welding fumes and airborne metals were observed during welding of 10 mm sheets than during welding of 2- or 3-mm sheets. Welding fume and Mn exposure were reduced by 70 and 90% when on-torch extraction or a captor hood was applied. Other airborne metals were reduced to a similar extent. Modifications on welding parameters led to a reduction of exposure against respirable particles by 51 up to 54%.

Conclusions

Although proper extraction at the point of origin and lower-emitting process variants ensure a drastic reduction in exposure, compliance with current OELs is not guaranteed. In order to ensure adequate health protection, especially at workplaces where thick sheets with long relative arc times are processed, there is a need for technical development.
A comprehensive review of online resources for microRNA–diseases associations: the state of the art
Authors: Mahjoubin-Tehran Maryam , Rezaei Samaneh , Jalili Amin , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Aghaee-Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid
Published: September 2021

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as small 19- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs regulate several mRNA targets and signaling pathways. Therefore, miRNAs are considered key regulators in cellular pathways as well as various pathologies. There is substantial interest in the relationship between disease and miRNAs, which made that one of the important research topics. Interestingly, miRNAs emerged as an attractive approach for clinical application, not only as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or in the prediction of therapy response but also as therapeutic tools. For these purposes, the identification of crucial miRNAs in disease is very important. Databases provided valuable experimental and computational miRNAs–disease information in an accessible and comprehensive manner, such as miRNA target genes, miRNA related in signaling pathways and miRNA involvement in various diseases. In this review, we summarized miRNAs–disease databases in two main categories based on the general or specific diseases. In these databases, researchers could search diseases to identify critical miRNAs and developed that for clinical applications. In another way, by searching particular miRNAs, they could recognize in which disease these miRNAs would be dysregulated. Despite the significant development that has been done in these databases, there are still some limitations, such as not being updated and not providing uniform and detailed information that should be resolved in future databases. This survey can be helpful as a comprehensive reference for choosing a suitable database by researchers and as a guideline for comparing the features and limitations of the database by developer or designer.

Short abstract We summarized miRNAs–disease databases that researchers could search disease to identify critical miRNAs and developed that for clinical applications. This survey can help choose a suitable database for researchers.
T4SEfinder: a bioinformatics tool for genome-scale prediction of bacterial type IV secreted effectors using pre-trained protein language model
Authors: Zhang Yumeng , Zhang Yangming , Xiong Yi , Wang Hui , Deng Zixin , Song Jiangning , Ou Hong-Yu
Published: September 2021

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile and membrane-spanning apparatuses, which mediate both genetic exchange and delivery of effector proteins to target eukaryotic cells. The secreted effectors (T4SEs) can affect gene expression and signal transduction of the host cells. As such, they often function as virulence factors and play an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. Nowadays, T4SE prediction tools have utilized various machine learning algorithms, but the accuracy and speed of these tools remain to be improved. In this study, we apply a sequence embedding strategy from a pre-trained language model of protein sequences (TAPE) to the classification task of T4SEs. The training dataset is mainly derived from our updated type IV secretion system database SecReT4 with newly experimentally verified T4SEs. An online web server termed T4SEfinder is developed using TAPE and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) for T4SE prediction after a comprehensive performance comparison with several candidate models, which achieves a slightly higher level of accuracy than the existing prediction tools. It only takes about 3 minutes to make a classification for 5000 protein sequences by T4SEfinder so that the computational speed is qualified for whole genome-scale T4SEs detection in pathogenic bacteria. T4SEfinder might contribute to meet the increasing demands of re-annotating secretion systems and effector proteins in sequenced bacterial genomes. T4SEfinder is freely accessible at https://tool2-mml.sjtu.edu.cn/T4SEfinder_TAPE/.
Radiological tumour invasion of splenic artery or vein in patients with pancreatic body or tail adenocarcinoma and effect on recurrence and survival
Authors: Kang Jae Seung , Choi Yoo Jin , Byun Yoonhyeong , Han Youngmin , Kim Jung Hoon , Lee Jung Min , Sohn Hee Ju , Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Jang Jin-Young
Published: September 2021

Background

Major vessel invasion is an important factor for determining the surgical approach and long-term prognosis for patients with pancreatic head cancer. However, clinical implications of vessel invasion have seldom been reported in pancreatic body or tail cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical relevance of splenic vessel invasion with pancreatic body or tail cancer compared with no invasion and investigate prognostic factors.

Methods

This study enrolled patients who underwent upfront distal pancreatectomy from 2005 to 2018. The circular degree of splenic vessel invasion was investigated and categorized into three groups (group 1, no invasion; group 2, 0–180°; group 3, 180° or more). Clinicopathological variables and perioperative and survival outcomes were evaluated, and multivariable Cox proportional analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic factors.

Results

Among 249 enrolled patients, tumour size was larger in patients with splenic vessel invasion (3.9 versus 2.9 cm, P = 0.001), but the number of metastatic lymph nodes was comparable to that in patients with no vessel invasion (1.7 versus 1.4, P = 0.241). The 5-year overall survival rates differed significantly between the three groups (group 1, 38.4 per cent; group 2, 16.8 per cent; group 3, 9.7 per cent, P < 0.001). Patients with both splenic artery and vein invasion had lower 5-year overall survival rates than those with one vessel (7.5 versus 20.2 per cent, P = 0.021). Cox proportional analysis revealed adjuvant treatment, R0 resection and splenic artery invasion as independent prognostic factors for adverse outcomes in pancreatic body or tail cancer.

Conclusion

Splenic vessel invasion was associated with higher recurrence and lower overall survival in pancreatic body or tail cancers suggesting a need for a neoadjuvant approach.
A functional TGFB1 polymorphism in the donor associates with long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation
Authors: Poppelaars Felix , Gaya da Costa Mariana , Faria Bernardo , Eskandari Siawosh K , Damman Jeffrey , Seelen Marc A
Published: September 2021

Background

Improvement of long-term outcomes in kidney transplantation remains one of the most pressing challenges, yet drug development is stagnating. Human genetics offers an opportunity for much-needed target validation in transplantation. Conflicting data exist about the effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) on kidney transplant survival, since TGF-β1 has pro-fibrotic and protective effects. We investigated the impact of a recently discovered functional TGFB1 polymorphism on kidney graft survival.

Methods

We performed an observational cohort study analysing recipient and donor DNA in 1271 kidney transplant pairs from the University Medical Centre Groningen in The Netherlands, and associated a low-producing TGFB1 polymorphism (rs1800472-C > T) with 5-, 10- and 15-year death-censored kidney graft survival.

Results

Donor genotype frequencies of rs1800472 in TGFB1 differed significantly between patients with and without graft loss (P = 0.014). Additionally, the low-producing TGFB1 polymorphism in the donor was associated with an increased risk of graft loss following kidney transplantation (hazard ratio = 2.12 for the T-allele; 95% confidence interval 1.18–3.79; P = 0.012). The incidence of graft loss within 15 years of follow-up was 16.4% in the CC-genotype group and 31.6% in the CT-genotype group. After adjustment for transplant-related covariates, the association between the TGFB1 polymorphism in the donor and graft loss remained significant. In contrast, there was no association between the TGFB1 polymorphism in the recipient and graft loss.

Conclusions

Kidney allografts possessing a low-producing TGFB1 polymorphism have a higher risk of late graft loss. Our study adds to a growing body of evidence that TGF-β1 is beneficial, rather than harmful, for kidney transplant survival.
Clinical Decision Support for Laboratory Testing
Authors: Hughes Andrew E O , Jackups Ronald
Published: September 2021

Background

As technology enables new and increasingly complex laboratory tests, test utilization presents a growing challenge for healthcare systems. Clinical decision support (CDS) refers to digital tools that present providers with clinically relevant information and recommendations, which have been shown to improve test utilization. Nevertheless, individual CDS applications often fail, and implementation remains challenging.

Content

We review common classes of CDS tools grounded in examples from the literature as well as our own institutional experience. In addition, we present a practical framework and specific recommendations for effective CDS implementation.

CDS encompasses a rich set of tools that have the potential to drive significant improvements in laboratory testing, especially with respect to test utilization. Deploying CDS effectively requires thoughtful design and careful maintenance, and structured processes focused on quality improvement and change management play an important role in achieving these goals.
Neutrophils in cardiovascular disease: warmongers, peacemakers, or both?
Authors: Sreejit Gopalkrishna , Johnson Jillian , Jaggers Robert M , Dahdah Albert , Murphy Andrew J , Hanssen Nordin M J , Nagareddy Prabhakara R
Published: September 2021

Neutrophils, the most abundant of all leucocytes and the first cells to arrive at the sites of sterile inflammation/injury act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, they inflict a significant collateral damage to the tissues and on the other hand, they help facilitate wound healing by a number of mechanisms. Recent studies have drastically changed the perception of neutrophils from being simple one-dimensional cells with an unrestrained mode of action to a cell type that display maturity and complex behaviour. It is now recognized that neutrophils are transcriptionally active and respond to plethora of signals by deploying a wide variety of cargo to influence the activity of other cells in the vicinity. Neutrophils can regulate macrophage behaviour, display innate immune memory, and play a major role in the resolution of inflammation in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we provide an update on the factors that regulate neutrophil production and the emerging dichotomous role of neutrophils in the context of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in atherosclerosis and the ensuing complications, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Deciphering the complex behaviour of neutrophils during inflammation and resolution may provide novel insights and in turn facilitate the development of potential therapeutic strategies to manage cardiovascular disease.
Ethical implications of COVID-19: vulnerabilities in a global perspective
Authors: Maeckelberghe Els
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a number of ethical issues that typically have not been addressed openly in public debate. The argument ‘protect the vulnerable’ has been a mantra to motivate all sorts of measures, many of them not scientifically motivated. In this article, the concept of ‘vulnerability’ is analyzed, and a model is suggested to distinguish layers of vulnerability that may or may not result in poor outcomes, depending on how many layers are present and how they interact. Ethical aspects also need to be considered at the global level, where the issue of vaccine distribution illustrates that stronger obligations and responsibilities need to be taken to fulfil wishes and declarations on the fair distribution of resources.
Understanding patient health-seeking behaviour to optimise the uptake of cataract surgery in rural Kenya, Zambia and Uganda: findings from a multisite qualitative study
Authors: Bechange Stevens , Jolley Emma , Tobi Patrick , Mailu Eunice , Sentongo Juliet , Chulu Titamenji , Abony Maurice , Chege Moses , Mulenga Glenda , Ngorok Johnson , Adera Tesfaye , Schmidt Elena
Published: September 2021

Background

Cataract is a major cause of visual impairment globally, affecting 15.2 million people who are blind, and another 78.8 million who have moderate or severe visual impairment. This study was designed to explore factors that influence the uptake of surgery offered to patients with operable cataract in a free-of-charge, community-based eye health programme.

Methods

Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with patients and healthcare providers in rural Zambia, Kenya and Uganda during 2018–2019. We identified participants using purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted using a combination of an inductive and deductive team-based approach.

Results

Participants consisted of 131 healthcare providers and 294 patients. Two-thirds of patients had been operated on for cataract. Two major themes emerged: (1) surgery enablers, including a desire to regain control of their lives, the positive testimonies of others, family support, as well as free surgery, medication and food; and (2) barriers to surgery, including cultural and social factors, as well as the inadequacies of the healthcare delivery system.

Conclusions

Cultural, social and health system realities impact decisions made by patients about cataract surgery uptake. This study highlights the importance of demand segmentation and improving the quality of services, based on patients’ expectations and needs, as strategies for increasing cataract surgery uptake.
Evaluating Burn Recovery Outcomes in Children With Neurodevelopmental Symptoms
Authors: Sadeq Farzin , Riobueno-Naylor Alexa , DePamphilis Matthew A , Lydon Martha , Sheridan Robert L , Ceranoglu Tolga A
Published: September 2021

Neurodevelopmental symptoms (NS) including attention and behavioral problems, developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and learning problems are prevalent in children with burn injuries. The presence of NS may predispose children to poorer burn injury recovery outcomes compared to children without these symptoms (non-NS). The Multicenter Benchmarking Study (MCBS) monitored recovery outcomes in children with burn injuries in real time using the Burn Outcomes Questionnaire (BOQ). The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the long-term burn recovery outcomes in NS patients vs non-NS patients from the MCBS population. This study assessed parent-reported BOQ outcomes in a sample of 563 patients aged 5 to 18 years who were admitted for burn injuries to a pediatric burn center. A subsample of patients had reported NS (n = 181). Analyses compared BOQ outcomes within the NS subsample and the non-NS subsample (n = 382) across three longitudinal points postdischarge. The prevalence rate of NS was 32.1% in the full sample. Findings revealed statistically significant improvement in the recovery curves in all five BOQ subscales for the non-NS group and all subscales except for Compliance for the NS group across all longitudinal points. When compared to non-NS patients, NS patients had significantly poorer burn recovery outcomes on the Satisfaction and Compliance subscales. Although it is important to educate all clinicians, parents, and children on burn prevention efforts, targeted education is necessary for children with NS because they may be at greater risk for burn injury as well as worse recovery outcomes.
Response of Aerobic Capacity to Low-Level Laser Therapy in Burned Patients
Authors: Kamel Noha Mohamed , Toson Rokaia Ali , Elsayeh Shaimaa Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Severe burns lead to decreased pulmonary function and impaired aerobic capacity for long periods postinjury. Low-level laser therapy is a modality used to improve aerobic capacity, enhance exercise performance, and increase the time until fatigue when used before aerobic exercises. This work aims to determine the impacts of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy on aerobic capacity in burn cases. Sixty adults burned cases of both sex, aged from 25 to 40 years, with second-degree healed thermal burns, and the total burned body surface area ranged from 20 to 40% participated in this study after complete wound healing. They were randomly categorized into two groups of equal numbers. The study group received low-level laser therapy before aerobic exercises, three sessions per week for 12 weeks, while the control group performed aerobic exercises three times weekly for 12 weeks. All cases received the routine physical treatment program. Aerobic capacity was assessed for both groups by measuring maximum oxygen consumption and time to exhaustion at baseline and 12 weeks following interventions. There was a statistically significant rise in the mean values of maximum oxygen usage and time to fatigue after 12 weeks of treatment in both groups. However, after comparison, the improvements in the study group were statistically significant than those in the control group with P < .01 and P < .05, respectively. Low-level laser therapy has a beneficial therapeutic impact on promoting aerobic capacity, improving maximum oxygen consumption, and increasing treadmill time in burned cases when preceding aerobic exercises.
Social Support in Parents of Children With Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gise Jensi , Cohen Lindsey L
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Parents of children with cancer (PCCs) experience stress as they navigate managing their child’s illness. Arguably, social support is critical to PCCs’ well-being. This review examines the literature on social support in PCCs.

Methods

Studies of social support in PCCs were collected from PsycINFO, CINHAL, and MEDLINE. Data were extracted from 37 studies published between January 2010 and May 2021 related to the conceptualization, measurement, and availability of social support in PCCs. Relationships between PCCs’ social support, well-being, and unique parent and child factors were also synthesized. Risks of biases were assessed using domains of the Effective Public Health Practice Project.

Results

Social support in PCCs is conceptualized as (a) perceived availability and satisfaction with social support and (b) social support seeking as a coping strategy. Parents of children with cancer report receiving as much or more support than typical adults, but PCCs engage in less social support seeking. Family and significant others are the most prevalent sources of support, and emotional support is the most received type of social support. Social support is positively related to well-being and negatively related to distress, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. Findings related to social support differences based on parent and child unique factors were minimal and present opportunities for future research. The risk of bias was generally low, with caution that most studies cannot demonstrate directionality of findings due to cross-sectional study designs.

Conclusions

Given the consistent positive association between social support and well-being in PCCs, clinicians should assess and encourage social support for this vulnerable population.
Neural changes in reward processing following approach-avoidance training for depression
Authors: Bomyea Jessica , Choi Soo-Hee , Sweet Alison , Stein Murray , Paulus Martin , Taylor Charles
Published: September 2021

Altered approach motivation is hypothesized to be critical for the maintenance of depression. Computer-administered approach-avoidance training programs to increase approach action tendencies toward positive stimuli produce beneficial outcomes. However, there have been few studies examining neural changes following approach-avoidance training. Participants with major depressive disorder were randomized to an approach-avoidance training (AAT) manipulation intended to increase approach tendencies for positive social cues (n = 13) or a control procedure (n = 15). We examined changes in neural activation (primary outcome) and connectivity patterns using Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation during a social reward anticipation task (exploratory). A laboratory-based social affiliation task was also administered following the manipulation to measure affect during anticipation of real-world social activity. Individuals in the AAT group demonstrated increased activation in reward processing regions during social reward anticipation relative to the control group from pre- to post-training. Following training, connectivity patterns across reward regions were observed in the full sample and connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and caudate was associated with anticipatory positive affect before the social interaction. Preliminary evidence of differential connectivity patterns between the two groups also emerged. Results support models whereby modifying approach-oriented behavioral tendencies with computerized training lead to alterations in reward circuitry (NCT02330744).
Influence of the drugs used in migrant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the development of symptomatic strongyloidiasis
Authors: Lorenzo Helena , Carbonell Cristina , Vicente Santiago María Belén , López-Bernus Amparo , Pendones Ulerio Josué , Muñoz Bellido Juan Luis , Muro Antonio , Belhassen-García Moncef
Published: September 2021

Background

The use of dexamethasone in patients infected with Strongyloides stercoralis can cause severe complications. It is necessary to investigate the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and strongyloidiasis infection.

Methods

A retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was undertaken to review all patients admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection at the Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Spain, during 1 March–31 December 2020.

Results

A total of 2567 patients received a diagnosis of COVID-19. Eighty-six patients from endemic areas were included. Seven patients had strongyloidiasis. Five patients were female. The mean age (±SD) was 39 (±10.8) y. Six patients were Latin-American and only one patient was from Africa. Six patients had previous symptoms compatible with strongyloidiasis infections. Only three patients received dexamethasone (6 mg once daily) for 10 d. In all cases, the clinical courses of the patients were satisfactory. No patient died or was admitted to the ICU.

Conclusions

Screening programmes using serological techniques should be implemented in COVID-19 patients to prevent strongyloidiasis. Our study suggested that drugs used against COVID-19 in patients with strongyloidiasis did not affect the evolution of the disease. However, more studies are necessary to elucidate the role of dexamethasone in COVID-19 patients infected with Strongyloides.
Adaptation of the Centers for Disease Control Surgical Wound Classification System for Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery
Authors: Scolaro John A. , Agel Julie , Marmor Meir , Dumpe Jarrod , Karam Matt , Kellam James , Meinberg Eric , Munz John , Nguyen Mai , Soles Gillian , Stinner Daniel , Marecek Geoffrey S.
Published: September 2021

Objectives:

To evaluate a proposed orthopaedic-specific surgical wound classification system (SWCS) and the current Centers for Disease Control (CDC) system in a series of detailed clinical vignettes and to identify the degree of satisfaction with CDC SWCS and desire for institution of an orthopaedic-specific SWCS.

Methods:

Forty-five clinical vignettes and a 5-question survey were distributed to current and past members of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association's Classification Committee. Respondents were asked to provide wound class for each vignette using the CDC system and orthopaedic-specific SWCS.

Results:

The orthopaedic-specific and CDC SWCS had interclass correlations of 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. When the systems were compared, in 34% of cases, there was no grade change; in 63% of cases, the wound was graded higher using the orthopaedic-specific SWCS. When only the procedure was changed between vignettes, wound classification was infrequently affected. There was near universal dissatisfaction with the CDC SWCS and desire for an orthopaedic-specific system.

Conclusions:

Both the CDC SWCS and orthopaedic-specific SWCS have excellent interobserver reliability. Incorporation of orthopaedic-specific language affects wound classification. There is low satisfaction with the current CDC SWCS and a desire exists for further development and validation of an orthopaedic-specific SWCS.
PARP inhibitors decrease response to subsequent platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with BRCA mutated ovarian cancer
Authors: Rose Peter G. , Yao Meng , Chambers Laura M. , Mahdi Haider , DeBernardo Robert , Michener Chad M. , AlHilli Miriam , Ricci Stephanie , Vargas Roberto
Published: September 2021

To determine the effect of poly-adenosine ribose phosphatase inhibitors (PARPi) on the response to subsequent platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) in patients with recurrent, platinum-sensitive BRCA-mutated epithelial ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian cancer (BRCAm EOC). This is a retrospective, single-institution cohort study of patients with BRCAm EOC who received retreatment with PBC. The PFS of patients with BRCAm EOC to 2nd or 3rd PBC with and without a prior PARPi was determined. Additionally, we compared the PFS to subsequent PBC following a prior PARPi for BRCAm and non-BRCAm. One hundred and fifteen patients with BRCAm EOC received a 2nd PBC and 55 received a 3rd PBC. The median PFS was 2.3 and 2.4 times longer, respectively for patients who did not receive a PARPi, (2nd P = 0.005, 3rd P < 0.001). Among 20 PARPi exposed patients with BRCAm EOC the PFS to a 2nd or 3rd PBC was worse at 8.0 months vs. 19.1 months HR 4.01 [2.25,7.16], P < 0.001. Following PARPi exposure the PFS for patients with BRCAm EOC was similar for patients with platinum-free intervals of 6–12, 12–24 and >24 months. Following PARPi exposure the PFS was similar for patients with BRCAm EOC and non BRCAm EOC. Among patients with BRCAm EOC PARPi exposure significantly reduced PFS following 2nd and 3rd PBC. PARPi exposure nullifies established prognostic factors (i.e. platinum-free interval and BRCA mutational status) in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.
ISLR affects colon cancer progression by regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling pathway
Authors: Chi Chunhua , Liu Tongming , Yang Shengnan , Wang Benjun , Han Weiwei , Li Jiansheng
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the mechanism of ISLR on the progression of colon cancer. TCGA database was used to analyze ISLR expression in colon cancer tumor tissues. QRT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect ISLR expression in colon cancer cells. CCK-8, colony formation, EDU, wound healing and transwell assays were used to measure cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells, respectively. The signaling pathway enrichment analysis of ISLR was analyzed on the basis of the KEGG database. The protein expression of genes related to signaling pathway was measured by western blotting. Results of TCGA analysis, qRT-PC and western blotting showed that ISLR was upregulated in colon cancer tumor tissues and cells. High level of ISLR was related to low overall survival of patients with colon cancer. ISLR silence significantly inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. ISLR overexpression markedly enhanced the cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. KEGG database analyzed showed that ISLR can activate the EMT signaling pathway. Inhibition of the EMT signaling pathway can suppress the growth, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells and eliminate the promoted effect of ISLR overexpression on colon cancer progression. ISLR promotes the progression of colon cancer by activating the EMT signaling pathway.
Sensitivity of eight types of ALK fusion variant to alectinib in ALK-transformed cells
Authors: Furugaki Koh , Harada Naoki , Yoshimura Yasushi
Published: September 2021

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK-TKIs) including alectinib have been the standard therapy against ALK fusion gene-positive non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Many ALK fusion variants have been identified in NSCLCs, and the predominant variants are echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-ALK (EML4-ALK) variant 1 (V1), V2 and V3a/b. However, there have been conflicting reports on the clinical responses of these variants to ALK-TKIs, and there are few reports on other less common ALK variants. To examine the influence of ALK variants on the efficacy of ALK-TKIs, we analyzed the sensitivity to alectinib of eight types of ALK variant: three major variants (V1, V2 and V3a) and five less common variants (V4; kinesin family member 5-ALK; kinesin light chain 1-ALK; striatin, calmodulin-binding protein-ALK; and tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene-ALK). Analysis was done by cell-free kinase assays using the recombinant proteins and by cell, growth assays using murine Ba/F3 cells expressing ALK variants. The kinase activity of each recombinant protein was significantly inhibited by alectinib. Intracellular ALK phosphorylation levels and its downstream signaling mediators, STAT3 and ERK, were suppressed by alectinib in each ALK variant-expressing Ba/F3 cell. Each cellular proliferation was markedly inhibited by alectinib treatment. There was no significant difference in the IC50 values between cells, with a <3.6-fold difference in responsiveness. In conclusion, these eight ALK variants had similar sensitivity to alectinib in vitro, indicating that it may not be possible to predict the response to alectinib just by determination of the ALK variant type in ALK fusion-positive NSCLCs.
A methodological quality evaluation of the published guidelines and recommendations about the lung cancer screening
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Casiraghi Monica , Petrella Francesco , Rampinelli Cristiano , Tessitore Adele , Spaggiari Lorenzo
Published: September 2021

Background

A project to assess the existing literature and to benchmark the quality of past guidelines and recommendations on lung cancer screening projects was developed with a particular focus on the assessment of the methodology used in producing them.

Methods

Each guideline was assessed in the different items and domains with the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument and scored on a seven-point scale.

Results

Eight guidelines matched the inclusion criteria and were assessed. A multinational collaboration produced three out of five guidelines. The multivariable analysis shows that improved scores of stakeholders’ involvement were related to internationally developed guidelines. Improved methodological quality was related to the involvement of scientific societies due to the better rigor of development and editorial independence. Countries with higher expenditure on healthcare produced significantly better guidelines.

Conclusions

Assessed by the AGREE II criteria, the methodological quality of previous guidelines was relatively low. Nevertheless, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines should be recommended as a model for the development of best methodological quality guidelines.
Factors influencing participation in preventive interventions for gastric cancer: the results from the GISTAR study
Authors: Leja Mārcis , Cine Eva , Poļaka Inese , Daugule Ilva , Murillo Raul , Parshutin Sergei , Ražuka-Ebela Danute , Rotberga Laura , Anarkulova Linda , Kriķe Petra , Šantare Daiga , Tzivian Lilian , Herrero Rolando , Park Jin Young
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Search-and-treat strategy for Helicobacter pylori and surveillance of patients with precancerous lesions are recommended to decrease the burden of gastric cancer in high-risk areas. We aimed to evaluate the acceptance of the target population to these strategies.

Methods

We applied a search-and-treat strategy combined with biomarker screening (pepsinogens I and II, gastrin-17) for atrophic gastritis to healthy individuals aged 40–64 years within the GISTAR Pilot study. Different means of invitation were evaluated – direct telephone calls, letters of invitation via the general practitioners. Participants with altered biomarker results were invited to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. H.pylori positive individuals were offered eradication therapy. Data on the compliance to the treatment and reasons for noncompliance were collected via telephone.

Results

Altogether 3453 participants were enrolled. The attendance of women participants was 1.9 times higher although active invitation strategies were mainly targeting men. The yield for the telephone invitations was higher than for mail-delivered invitations (2.1 calls vs. 7.7 letters required to recruit one study subject). Out of 661 individuals reached with the invitation to undergo upper endoscopy, 520 (78.7%) attended the procedure. Out of 1185 study subjects eligible for eradication, 810 (68.4%) accepted it. Of those having received the medication, 765(94.4%) completed it. The reasons for nonparticipation were the overall misconception of the importance of screening, busy schedule and others.

Conclusions

While only the minority of the target population participated in the gastric cancer prevention strategy, relatively high compliance was seen among the participants. The acceptance rate and the identified reasons for refusing to participate in our study indicate that there is a need to raise gastric cancer awareness and its existent preventive strategies within the general population for their successful implementation in the community.