bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Field Study of the King, Sora, and Virginia Rails at Cheyenne Bottoms in West-Central Kansas
Authors:   , Baird Keith
Published: February 2023

The King, Sora, and Virginia Rails were studied at the Cheyenne Bottoms Waterfowl Management Area in Barton County, Kansas in 1974. An auditory index of these three rail populations was attempted with the use of tape-recorded calls. It is believed that the auditory index technique can be applied to breeding Virginia Rail populations. Because of a paucity of responses, no conclusions could be made as to the suitability of such a technique for use on King Rail and Sora populations. To further investigate rail movements, rails were trapped from 6 June to 10 October. A total of 39 King Rails, three Soras, and 225 Virginia Rails was trapped and banded. Conservative population estimates of the King and Virginia Rail populations were made. Adult King Rails were estimated to number between 20 and 40 pairs and adult Virginia Rails between 200 and 400 pairs. Nesting observations were made on a total of three King Rail nests, one Virginia Rail nest, and one Sora nest. Percentage composition of plant species was determined for each study area. A notation of plant species and depth of water was made for each individual rail observation (both visual and auditory) in an effort to determine habitat preferences.
Iteration, and The Iron Theater
Authors:   , Breshears Kurt
Published: February 2023

Sculpture is produced with considerations to aesthetic appeal using mathematical patterns and physics. Both avenues of sculpture, the static sculpture and the performance art, have their foundation in this approach to creating artworks. The work in the catalog is a visual representation of this process.
Comparison of United States Commercial FM Radio World Wide Web Sites
Authors:   , Gray David
Published: February 2023

Continuous technological advancements have led to new channels for mass communication. Radio stations now have the opportunity to communicate outside of traditional broadcast boundaries through the World Wide Web. The purpose of this thesis was to compare the content of United States commercial FM radio World Wide Web sites with regard to quantity and quality of information presented. This was accomplished through coders who performed a random sampling procedure on MIT’s list of radio stations on the Internet. After the coders completed a Commercial FM Radio World Wide Web Site Analysis Form for each participant, the data analysis led to the conclusion that a majority of United States commercial FM radio stations have provided World Wide Web sites for no apparent reason other than to claim them.
University Faculty and Administrative Attitudes Toward Students with Disabilities
Authors:   , Schneweis Michelle
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this research was to investigate university faculty and administrators attitudes toward students with disabilities. The independent variables were gender, academic discipline, rank, position, knowledge of Section 504, education degree, and years at present institution. Scores from the Attitude Toward Treatment of Disabled Students scale and from the Attitude Toward Disabled Persons scale were utilized as the dependent variables. The sample consisted of 80 university faculty, 16 administrators, and 22 student personal administrators. Seven composite null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 31 comparisons were made plus 18 recurring comparisons. Of the 31 comparisons 10 were for main effects and 21 were for interactions. Of the 10 main effects 2 were statistically significant at the .05 level. The results of the present study indicated the following for main effects: 1. fema1e faculty members reported a more positive attitude toward students with disabilities than did males, and 2. faculty and administrators who reported knowledge of Section 504 had a statistically more positive attitude toward students with disabilities than those who did not report knowledge of Section 504. Of the 21 interactions 1 was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant interaction was for the independent variables academic discipline and academic rank for the dependent variable Attitude Toward Treatment of Disabled Students scale scores. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. female faculty members have a more positive attitude toward students with disabilities than male faculty members, 2. faculty and administrators with a knowledge of Section 504 have a marc positive attitude toward students with disabilities than those who do not have a knowledge of Section 504, 3. the independent variables academic discipline and academic rank of faculty members should be interpreted concurrently for the dependent variable Attitude Toward Disabled Persons scale scores, and 4. faculty members and administrators have a positive attitude toward students with disabilities.
Teaching Techniques for Communicating Concepts of Science Across Grade Levels K-8
Authors:   , Costigan Nancy
Published: February 2023

This thesis was a creative research project designed to evaluate teaching techniques for communicating scientific concepts across grade levels K-8. Specific aspects researched included definitions of science, science concepts, communication of science concepts, definitions of communication, hierarchy of science concepts, communicating through teaching techniques, and status of science education. Conceptual development of specific concepts were analyzed. Curriculum enhancement inservices entitled “Science is Stimulating” were designed to share technology techniques for communicating concepts of sciences. The 351 teachers involved represented 65 elementary, middle, and junior high schools located in western and central Kansas School Districts 5, 6, and 7. The number of students affected by the teacher inservices and student assemblies was approximately 9500. The results of the inservice effectiveness evaluations indicated the program: (a) attained inservice objectives in the areas of demonstrations, hands-on activities, audio visual materials, discussion ideas, and concept development, (b) was useful in participants’ work, (c) was clear and held participants’ interest, and (d) maintained overall high quality.
A Study of One Hundred Relief Welfare Cases In Kingman County, Kansas.
Authors:   , Witter Jasper
Published: February 2023

This thesis is an analysis of relief welfare cases in Kingman County, Kansas. The case studies cover the economic abilities of the families and attempts to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of available welfare programs.
Teacher Expectancy : Its Effects on Evaluation of Student Performance
Authors:   , Hamill Richard
Published: February 2023

A review of the literature relevant to observer expectancy bias revealed that good deal of research has been conducted in the area of experimenter expectancy and its influence on subject behavior, but little applied work in the area of observer bias and its influence on the observer’s behavior. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of observer expectancy bias in non-experienced and experienced school teachers. All teachers read and evaluated the same essay. Different sets of alleged background information, describing a student who the teachers were told wrote the essay, were given with the essay in order to create an expectancy bias in the subjects (teachers). The instructional sets were different combinations of the demographic variables: Sex (male and female), Race (Black and white), and Socioeconomic status (lower and upper class). Results of the study indicated that the only demographic variable which produced a significantly difference in the Ss’ evaluation of the student essay was Race. The Ss rated the essay written by a black student higher than the same essay written by a white student.
Icons for the Humanist
Authors:   , Tevis Craig
Published: February 2023

Icons have been made of the saints of religion, but seldom of the congregation. In an effort to transcend human frailty, religious dogma and philosophical schemes often trivialize humanity to a row of paper dolls. My work stresses the importance of the individual in their relationship to metaphysics, philosophy is much like x-rays or infrared light – invisible, yet ever-present. My thesis works are portraits with metaphysics made visible by the camera, but not allowed to overpower the humanity of the subject.
A History of Thomas County, Kansas
Authors:   , Wingo Wayne
Published: February 2023

This study of Thomas County is a general history of the county from 1885-1964 with stress on the social, political, and economic aspects of its development. Agricultural conditions are particularly significant throughout the history of the area, and the outstanding events of each period are recorded. The history is divided into five eras following a brief introduction. These include the early settlement and rapid growth, 1885-1888; hard times and recovery, 1889-1916; World War I and the 1920s; the drought and depression years of the 1930s; and World War II and the postwar years. The final chapter is one of summarization and conclusions reached by the author in this study. In addition, six figures and five tables are included to help portray the story of Thomas County. Primary sources utilized consist of various county newspapers from March, 1885, to January, 1964, the many volumes of the Biennial Reports of the State Board of Agriculture from 1886 to 1960, and records and laws of the county and state. Secondary sources include the publications of the Kansas Historical Society, various newspaper and magazine articles, books, booklets of the Prairie Printers, pamphlets, and a few personal interviews and tape recordings.
Catholic Doctrine in Contemporary American Catholic Poetry
Authors:   , Stubna M.
Published: February 2023

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate how effectively Catholic poets have utilized Catholic doctrine in their poetry. I became interested in the topic through a study of Catholic poets in two courses; one in Modern Catholic Literature and the other in Modern Poetry. With the aid of bibliographies from these courses, and direct correspondence with many of the poets themselves, I procured and read all available poetry containing Catholic doctrine, to ascertain the phases of doctrine most commonly used. I found that the Eucharist, Mary, Prayer, Suffering, and Death were subjects chosen by the majority of poets. Having limited the study of doctrine, I limited the poets to be included to those who (a) had published books of poetry and not merely isolated poems in various magazines, and (b) had written on several of the doctrines utilized. Having obtained the poems and poets to be included, I explained enough of the doctrine to make it understood by a non-Catholic and to make it pertinent to the poem in question. This proved to be the most difficult to accomplish since what seemed so obvious to me as a Catholic was inadequate explanation to a non-Catholic reader. Professor Sackett, (a non-Catholic), proved his unusual counseling ability in his invaluable suggestions, questions, and discussions which helped to make this paper readable for both Catholic and non-Catholic alike. Careful guidance of a paper on theology is extremely necessary for the misuse of a word can jeopardize the validity of the doctrine and destroy the integrity of the thesis.
A Study to Establish a Valid and Reliable Instrument for Analyzing Creative Movement/Dance for Use by Elementary School Physical Educators
Authors:   , Dart Susan
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this investigation was to establish validity and reliability on the Creative Movement/Dance Analysis (CM/DA). A review of the literature indicated this study is one the few to address the issue of assessment within the realm of movement/dance. The CM/DA was designed to provide elementary school physical educators with a means of movement/dance which are space, effort, and time. Prior to data six CM/DA movement and rhythm tasks. The test subjects represented high and low performance levels for each elementary grade level (1-5). The first investigative procedure determined face validity on the CM/DA. A detailed instrumentation outline was sent to a panel of eight experts all of whom were professionals active in some aspect of movement/dance education. Each movement specialist critiqued the instrument’s validity second investigative procedure determined internal consistency on the CM/DA. A group of six judges during two sessions observed the previously videotaped DM/DA tasks while utilizing a frequency count procedure in order to score the child’s variety in using the elements of creative movement /dance. All of the six certified elementary school physical educators teaching in the Unified School District 489 of Hays, Kansas during the 1984-85 school year participated as judges. The final investigative procedure was a retest measure that determined test/retest reliability on the CM/DA. Four out of the six judges returned one week alter for a repeat evaluation which followed the same data gathering procedures as the first observation session. Data form the first two investigative procedures were analyzed by chi square techniques. Pearson product-moment correlation was used to analyze the test/retest data. The findings pertaining to face validity and internal consistency revealed non-significance (p < .05). Analysis of the test/retest data; and second CM/DA test scores by all four judges. Therefore, the Creative Movement/Dance Analysis can only report intra-rater reliability.
Quantifying Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) Population Size in Northwest Kansas Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (Ndvi)
Authors:   , Engelbert Zane
Published: February 2023

Native to Asia, ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) were first introduced into Kansas in 1906 and since that time the population size of this species has varied with factors such as agricultural practices, climate conditions, and wildlife management. Ring-necked pheasants are a species with strong inter- and intra-sexual selection with males attempting to breed the first year after hatching. Male mating success is associated with dominance, territory, and spacing which usually improved as the pheasant matures. With the recent increasing availability of satellite imagery, the scientific community is examining the potential of utilizing remote sensing data to measure and monitor variables that affect biophysical characteristics of ecological systems at different landscape scales. The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that ring-necked pheasant population size in northwest Kansas can be predicted with the use of satellite derived vegetation data. The Rural mail Carrier (RMC) survey provided estimates on pheasant population size while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) form the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor provided the predictor variable. Correlation analyses were performed between the two data sets. May, June, August, and November have shown consistent correlations; these months were subsequently analyzed with the pheasant population RMC values using multiple regression tests comparing the lags of zero to five years. Although the relationship between pheasant population estimates RMC data and monthly NDVI were not statistically significant, the multiple regression analyses indicated higher coefficients of determination (R2) values at two four year lags.
Teacher Confidence and Attitude Regarding Performance Assessment
Authors:   , McDaniel James
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate teacher confidence and attitude towards performance assessment. The independent variables investigated were assignment, years of experience, amount of formal education, familiarity with performance assessment, and gender. The dependent variables investigated were scores from the following scales of the Questionnaire Regarding Teacher Confidence and Attitude Towards Performance Assessment (Appendix G): Teacher Confidence. Teacher attitude Towards Performance Assessment, and Total. The sample consisted of 306 teachers from 3 districts in the state of Kansas. Five composite null hypotheses were tested using a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 54 comparisons were made plus 51 recurring. Of the 54 comparisons, 15 were for main effects, and 39 were interactions. Of the 15 main effects, 8 were statistically significant at the .0500 level. None of the 39 interactions was statistically significant at the .0500 level. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations: 1. teachers with 10-18 years of experience have the greatest teacher confidence. 2. teachers who are more familiar with performance assessment have more teacher confidence. 3. teachers who are more familiar with performance assessment have a more positive attitude towards performance assessment. 4. teachers with 10-18 years of experience have more teacher confidence and a more positive attitude towards performance assessment. 5. teachers who arc more familiar with performance assessment have more teacher confidence and a more positive attitude towards performance assessment. 6. females have more teacher confidence than males, 7. females have a more positive attitude toward performance assessment than males. 8. females have more teacher confidence and a more positive attitude towards performance assessment than males. 9. teacher assignment is not associated with confidence and teacher attitude towards performance assessment, 10. amount of formal education is not associated with confidence and teacher attitude towards performance assessment. And 11. teachers have confidence and a positive attitude towards performance assessment.
The Effects of Art Integration on Math Achievement of 6th Grade Male Students
Authors: Mountain Greta , null null , null null , null null , null null , null null
Published: February 2023

The United States educational system continues to cut back on art programing; however, international statistics report countries with a stronger art presence continuously perform at higher academic levels. Art integration provides multiple pathways through curriculums and enables engaging learning environment. Art integration refers to three forms of art collaboration: learning in core subjects with and through the arts, creating interdisciplinary connections throughout curriculums and collaboration engagement. When all three of these forms are combined, casual relationships with increased student achievement and higher levels of engagement are formed. This study examined the effects of art integration on math achievement on male middle school students. The control and experimental group completed a pre- and post-test to assess academic achievement. The control group received math instruction from the math teacher using textbooks, teacher created problems, and only math content, while the experimental group received math instruction with art integration. Student engagement was also measured for both groups. It was hypothesized that art integration would increase academic achievement and student engagement in math for 6th grade boys. Results from four independent sample t-tests supported the hypothesis.
Struggles In State Building In Multi-Ethnic And Multi-Religious Lebanon And Bosnia
Authors:   , Ruch Zachary
Published: February 2023

Lebanon and Bosnia are quite possibly the most divided nations on earth with each having multiple ethnic and religious populations. Both nations have had disastrous civil wars that included some of the most brutal killing in the 20th century. With the intervention of foreign powers both nations were able to set aside their differences and come to a peace settlement. In both cases the peace settlements accomplished its ultimate goal of ending the violence. The subsequent scholarship however created unrealistically high expectations for these settlements to foster a democratic culture and build a national consensus. This paper seeks to understand the historical origins of the conflict and why Lebanon and Bosnia have yet to pull themselves from the past, through exploration of the civil wars, their aftermath and the current political systems. This will be achieved using primary source opinions and accounts from individuals today and during the peace negotiations. Sources will also include current patterns of voting and political rule as well as contemporary newspaper articles highlighting the stagnation in economic growth, the decision-making process and political reforms within both nations. We find that ultimately the root causes of these issues stem from outside interference and lingering tensions between rival factions. The paper will also include a brief overview of the impact of how nation building failed in Lebanon and Bosnia-Herzegovina and the lessons we can learn from it.
Verbal Aggression: Implications for A Constructive Side of a \Dark Trait\ in Song Lyrics
Authors:   , Straight Brett
Published: February 2023

Verbal aggression has been labeled as a destructive or \dark\ trait in interpersonal communication literature. This study will attempt to discover if verbally aggressive messages operate with the same destructive results when the medium changes to mass communication-specifically song lyrics. Verbal aggression has been studied in mass communication; however, the research examined the effects on receivers. This researcher was interested in the sender's perceived intent and reasons for using verbally aggressive messages in song lyrics. In order to explore the intent and reasons lyricists may use verbally aggressive messages in song lyrics, participants in this study were asked to imagine themselves or role play a lyricist. Attribution theory assists in explaining the way people interpret the causes of others' behavior (Littlejohn, 2002). In this study, participants' perceptions (attributions) of the lyrics will be compared to the intent of the actual lyricist. In this study, participants were asked to highlight verbally aggressive messages in three sets of song lyrics (Appendix D, E, & F). After highlighting the verbally aggressive messages, participants were asked to identify which tactic(s) was/were used by the lyricist (Appendix C). In addition, participants were asked to complete content questions where they role played as the sender, receiver and an audience member of the verbally aggressive message. Finally, participants were asked to complete a 24 question survey. The results of the study discovered that verbally aggressive messages were present in these song lyrics. Also, the same tactics in interpersonal communication literature were present in these song lyrics. The majority of participants cited emotions as the reason the lyricist used verbally aggressive messages and the intent was a form of self-therapy for the lyricist. The majority also agreed that as audience members the messages did not cause psychological harm.
The Effects of Arousal, Inhibition, and Sexual Drive on the Appreciation of Sexual Humor
Authors:   , Burkhardt Karen
Published: February 2023

The present experiment was designed to determine the effects of arousal, inhibition, and level of sexual drive on the appreciation of sexual humor, as determined by scores on four factors (1, 4, 6, and 12) from Cattell and Tollefson’s IPAT Humor Test of Personality, with Form A administered as a pretest and Form B as a posttest. The sexual motivation level as measured by Epstein’s Orgasm Scale (1957) was assessed for each of the 32 subjects and they were divided into high and low drive level prior to the experimental manipulation of arousal and inhibition. The design was a 2x2x2 analysis of variance with four Ss in each of eight groups created by low and high drive, low and high inhibition, and low and high arousal. The ANOVA indicated a significant main effect of Drive on Factor 1: Anxious Considerateness vs. Debonair Sexual and General Uninhibitedness; significant Drive-Inhibition interaction, and significant Drive-Inhibition-Arousal interaction on Factor 6: Impudent Defiance of Decency vs. Resignation; and a significant main effect of inhibition on Factor 12: Rebound Against Feminine Aggression vs. Scorn of the Ineffectual Male. Duncan’s Range Tests and t-tests indicated some significant differences between various means of different conditions. The results were discussed in terms of Freud’s idea of humor as a tension release process and noting the displacement mechanism as relevant from both Freud (1924) and Dollard and Miller’s (1950) ideas on response tendencies in conflict and anxiety provoking situations, created here by various combinations of drive level, inhibition, and arousal.
Information on Triad Construction Forms
Authors:   , Niemeyer Thomas
Published: February 2023

In my thesis, serial work has been a natural progression for me to pursue. Within this series I have worked with a triad of elements. These elements being: geomorphic form, undulation of organic space, and monumentality.
Wilting Coefficient, Water Infiltration and Textural Analysis of Soils on Five Different Range Sites near Hays, Kansas
Authors:   , Rahimian Hossein
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the wilting coefficient, water infiltration and textural analysis of soils on clay upland, lowland, loamy upland, limy upland and break sites soils. The Briggs and Shantz (1912) method was used for determining wilting coefficient. The pressure membrane apparatus (15 atm.) was used to check those results. Steel cylinders, six inches in diameter and 15 inches long, were used to measure the rate of water infiltration. The Bouyoucos hydrometer method (Bouyoucos, 1936) was used to determine the textural analysis. Wilting coefficient was higher on the clay upland than on the other sites. Water infiltration was most rapid on the break site and slowest on the clay upland. A higher percentage of clay was found in the clay upland soil and a higher percentage of sand was found in the limy upland and break site soils. Due to the different soil characteristics, topography and soil moisture content, different vegetation was found on each range site.
Stratigraphy and Depositional Environments of the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Ralston Creek Formation, Beulah-Wetmore Area, South-Central Colorado
Authors:   , De Alburqueque John
Published: February 2023

Eleven stratigraphic sections of the previously unassigned post-Foundation (Pennsylvanian), pre-Morrison (Upper Jurassic) strata along the eastern flank of the Wet Mountains, Colorado, have undergone a detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis. These rocks are now assigned to the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Ralston Creek Formation. Seven major lithofacies are defined within the Ralston Creek sedimentary package and include an arkosic pebbly conglomerate (Lithofacies A), a laminated siltite (Lithofacies B), a cryptalgal laminate (Lithofacies C) , a laminated subarkosic sandstone (Lithofacies D), an arkose (Lithofacies E), interbedded sandstones, siltstones, and arenaceous micritic limestone (Lithofacies F), and a very thickly bedded galauconitic sandstone (Lithofacies G). Depositional environments, as well as paleogeographic and paleotectonic implications of the Ralston Creek Formation have been determined based on lithofacies associations in the Beulah-Wetmore area on lithofacies associations in the Beulah-Wetmore area of south-central Colorado. Sediments of the Ralston Creek Formation were deposited along the southeastern margin of the Jurassic Western Interior embayment adjacent to a positive area formed by the remnants of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains during the Middle Callovian transgression. An initial episode of depositional quiescence can be inferred form the restricted, hypersaline marine, tidal flat and intertidal deposits of Lithofacies A, B, C, and D. The appearance of Lithofacies D marks an increase in sedimentation rates within the Ralston Creek basin that was possibly triggered by localized tectonic uplift. Nearby tectonic uplift in the area of the present Wet Mountains ended the period of quiescence in the Ralston Creek basin and supplied the coarse arkosic clastics that comprise the upper lithofacies (Lithofacies E and F) of the Ralston Creek Formation. Lithofacies E, F, and G are sediments deposited on a northeasterly prograding fan-delta complex and represent both subaerial (alluvial fan) and subaqueous (marginal marine) environments and processes. The Tectonic activity and associated fan-delta deposition of the Upper Ralston Creek Formation may have initiated the final Jurassic marine regression form the southern Western Interior embayment region.
College Students' Attitude Toward Homosexuality
Authors:   , Henry Lynne
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the researcher was to investigate college students' attitudes toward homosexuality. The independent variables investigated were gender, age, marital status, college classification, and religious preference. Scores from the Homophobia Scale were utilized as the dependent variable. The sample consisted of 180 college students. Five composite null hypotheses were tested at the .0500 level employing a three-way analysis of variance (general linear model). A total of 18 comparisons were made plus 17 recurring. Of the 18 comparisons, 5 were for main effects and 13 for interactions. Of the 5 main effects, 1 was statistically significant at the .0500 level. The statistically significant main effect was for the independent variable gender and the dependent variable Homophobia Scale scores. The results of the present study indicated female college students had a statistically higher mean score (more positive attitude toward homosexuality) than male students. None of the 13 interactions was statistically significant at the .0500 level. The results of the present study appear to support the following generalizations: 1. female college students are more positive toward homosexuality than male students, 2. age of college students is not associated with attitude toward homosexuality. 3. marital status of college students is not associated with attitude toward homosexuality, 4. classification of college students is not associated with attitude toward homosexuality. And 5. religious preference of college students is not associated with altitude toward homosexuality.
Assessment of Potential for Child Maltreatment in Teenage Mothers Using the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Cap)
Authors:   , Archer Lori
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare parenting attitudes of adolescent mothers and teenagers who have never had a child. Previous research indicates that teenagers may be at an increased risk for atypical patterns of parenting that could have detrimental effects for both the mother and the child. The adolescent parent group and the nonparenting teenage group completed a demographic questionnaire and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. It was expected that the adolescent mothers’ scores would be elevated using the 166 cut-off criteria as compared to teenagers who have not parented a child. Additionally, it was expected that the nonparenting teenage control group would have higher scores compared to nonabusive parents on whom the CAP was normed. The findings revealed that both adolescent groups exceeded the 166 cut-off but did not significantly differ from each other on the Abuse scale.
A Comparison Of Small Mammal Communities Among Three Habitats In Western North Dakota
Authors:   , Pounds Samantha
Published: February 2023

There is recent oil and natural gas development within western North Dakota, which makes it imperative to update outdated and incomplete small mammal records. Small mammals are vital components to many ecosystems, including grasslands. Small mammals contribute to grazing, seed dispersal, and provide food for other animals. I surveyed small mammals in three habitats, grassland, badland, and wet meadow, in the summers of 2014 and 2015 in western North Dakota. In 2014, I surveyed in 8 badland and 10 grassland habitats and in 2015 I surveyed in 1 badland, 13 grassland, and 4 wet meadow habitats, with 1 transect per site. Each transect consisted of museum special snap traps and pitfall arrays with drift fencing. The resulting shape of the array was a ‘Y’. Each array had 10 pitfalls and 90 snap traps. Arrays were operated for 5 consecutive nights over 18 sampling periods during 20 May to 26 July 2014 and 19 May to 25 July 2015; 9 in 2014 and 9 in 2015, for a total of 18,000 trap nights. A total of 708 small mammals were collected in 2014 and 397 small mammals were collected in 2015, with an overall total of 1,105 small mammals for both years. These included 978 rodent and 127 insectivore individuals. There was no difference in species diversity across habitats in 2014 and 2015. There were higher captures of small mammals during the new moon phase. There were no distinct small mammal communities across the 3 habitats. Due to the recent oil boom in western North Dakota, it is critical to assess which small mammals inhabit the area before the effects of the oil boom potentially destroy small mammal habitats.
D. H. Lawrence and Mental Consciousness
Authors:   , Davidson Eleanor
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this thesis is to examine D. H. Lawrence’s rejection of what he called “mental consciousness”, a term which he used when he referred to the intellect. He was very concerned by the effect which he felt civilization had on man’s personality. Man’s total reliance on the intellect has warped his mind to the extent that he no longer recognizes the truth about himself. Lawrence sought to find this truth through his philosophy of “blood consciousness”. Understanding, he said, is not dependent upon cumulative knowledge, but rises from the depths of man’s own conscious being. There should be a polarity between the mental and instinctive facets of consciousness. Man has come to rely too much on reason for adapting thought and action to his desired end, and has forgotten the other seat of consciousness, or the half of life which belongs in the darkness. This thesis explores Lawrence’s concept of blood consciousness in the areas of philosophy, psychology, and religion. Because of Lawrence’s revolt against total reliance on cumulative knowledge, he has been called irrational and anti-intellectual. But this is not entirely true; he did not wish for mankind to revert to savagery; he did not wish to overthrow all reason; he did not wish to become a fascist dictator; nor was he a nihilist. Nor does Lawrence’s philosophy in itself lead “straight to Auschwitz” as Bertrand Russell had feared. While it is true that Lawrence, in the role of poet and prophet, over-reacted, and is not to be judged as a systematic thinker, he has helped man to an awareness of the primitive aspects of his personality in order that he might achieve his creative being. He had reminded us that we are not creatures of the mind alone, that our unconscious in is not ugly, and that religion should be a reflection of our inner life.
The Effects of Defoliation, Density, and Light Intensity on the Regrowth, Biomass, and Tiller Production of Japanese Brome (Bromus Japonicus Thunb.)
Authors:   , Pfeifer Theresa
Published: February 2023

Herbage production of winter annual grasses often is correlated with environmental conditions. To examine the effects of defoliation, light intensity, and density on the production of tillers, biomass, and regrowth in Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), a greenhouse and field experiment was conducted for one year in Hays, KS. In the field experiment, 5 clipping intervals (1, 2, 3, 4 weeks and control) and 3 light treatments (basal, plot, and no shading) were used. Clipping intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks produced more tillers than no clipping. Unshaded plants produced the most tillers at the beginning but, during the middle and end of the season, shaded plants produced the most tillers. Plants not clipped produced the most regrowth and plants clipped weekly the least amount of regrowth. Unshaded plants produced the most regrowth, and the amount of regrowth decreased throughout the experiment. Unclipped plants produced the most biomass, and the amount of biomass produced was not affected by light treatment. The amount of biomass produced increased and then decreased to nothing at the end of the experiment. In the greenhouse experiment, 3 density levels of Japanese brome were planted (high= 1/sq. cm, intermediate=½ sq.cm, and low= 1/4 sq. cm). Three light treatments (same as field), and 4 clipping intervals (1, 2, 3 weeks and control) were used. Low density produced the most tillers and high density the least. Plants not shaded produced the most tillers. Tiller number was not affected by clipping interval and increased throughout the season. Low and intermediate densities produced the most biomass and regrowth. The amount of biomass produced was not affected by light intensity. Clipping intervals of 1, 2, and 3 weeks produced the most biomass and controls the least. The rate of biomass production decreased throughout the season. The amount of regrowth produced was not related to clipping frequency. Plants not shaded produced the most regrowth. The amount of regrowth decreased until the last date when it increased because of seed production. Treatments affected the number of plants germinating in the fall of 1984 and the spring of 1985.
Learning Set Formation in Pigeons
Authors:   , Gilles Larry
Published: February 2023

The formation of learning set by pigeons was studied using procedures similar to those of Harlow (1949). The Ss consisted of four male homing pigeons varying in age from 3 to 7 years. The problems were 496 combinations of 33 three dimensional stimuli varying in size, shape, and colors similar to those used in earlier studies with the rhesus monkey (Harlow; 1949; and Miles & Meyer, 1956). The Ss were divided into two groups. One group viewed the stimuli moving toward them. The other group viewed the stimuli in a stationary position. Eight problems per day, at 6 trials per problem were given until the 496 problems were completed. The two groups did not differ significantly in their performance, but both groups manifested a high degree of learning set formation. One group of Ss reached 83% on trial two while the other group reached 87%. One S reached 88% on trial two and 96% on trial six. S significant difference between blocks of problems was noted F=31.39 p<.001. A Duncan range test for more than two randomized groups showed a significant difference at the .01 level of confidence in accordance with increases in mean percent correct over blocks of problems and trial two performance over blocks of problems. The percentage data was transformed using an arcsin transformation.
Stability of Self and Ideal Self
Authors:   , Duff Ellen
Published: February 2023

This thesis reports research concerning stability of the self and ideal self concepts and the discrepancy of the two in respect to age and sex. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) there will be no difference in the way the various age groups rate themselves, (2) there will be no difference in the way the various age groups rate their ideals, (3) there will be no difference in stability between self and ideal self as a function of age, and (4) there will be no difference in stability between self and ideal self of males and females. The population for this research was students form Beloit High School and Fort Hays State College at the time of investigation, who fell in age groupings form 15 to 50. The Leary interpersonal Check List was modified and provided the data for self and ideal self ratings. Hypotheses #1, #2, and #4 were accepted. Hypothesis #3 was rejected, the data being statistically significant at the .05 level. Other data was obtained and discussed as well as further areas of research.
Phrenology in Blue: Investigating Origins
Authors:   , Taylor Jayson
Published: February 2023

My work is based on a number of Post-Modern ideas: simulacra, assimilation, and fragmentation. Through simulacra I try to remove objects one or more steps from their origin to emphasize, minimize, or alter their content and/or context. Assimilated works and concepts may appear in parts or in their entirety. At times these assimilations are altered to such an extent that they appear as original ideas. My use of fragmentation looks at the historical depiction of the human form damaged by time or ignorance, calling into question their heroism. Is Caesar triumphal as a Quadriplegic? Is the Winged Victory victorious when decapitated and limbless? Fragmentation, for me, is also a Post-Modern rejection of the centuries-old status quo of figural representation. I try to express the essence of a figure rather than concentrating on its anatomical correctness; again calling importance to or minimizing the figure’s impact.
Movements of Rodents Across Roads
Authors:   , Kozel Ronald
Published: February 2023

In west-central Kansas, the capture-recapture method was used during summer and fall of 1976 to estimate movements of small rodents a crossroads. The seven species studied were the thirteen- lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus ), hispid pocket mouse (Perognathus hispidus), western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus ), prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster), and house mouse (Musmusculus). Grids were established on both sides of two gravel roads, a bituminous two-lane highway, and a divided interstate highway. Results indicated that rodents, with the exception of ground squirrels, did not cross roads: however, when artificially transported across roads, members of five species returned. Evidently, roads inhibit normal movements of rodents, but once displaced across roads, rodents will return home. Studies on the relationships of wildlife to roads have dealt primarily with game species (Kline 1965: Carbaugh 1975) and mortality caused by automobiles (Dickerson 1939: Davis 1940; Haugan 1944). Little attention has been given to the movements of rodents with respect to roads; only one published paper focuses on this particular subject (Oxley et al. 1974). These authors concluded that small forest mammals such as the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) and the white footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) were reluctant to venture onto road surfaces where the distance between forest edges exceeded 20 m, and that a four- lane, divided highway might be as effective a barrier to the dispersal of small forest mammals as is a body of fresh water twice that wide. In research involving populations of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), Joule and Cameron (1974) used paved roads 15 m wide to delimit study areas. They found \that the paved roads between plots effectively reduce small mammal movement to approximately 5 per cent of movement within plots, with some seasonal variation.\ The purposes of this study were to (1) determine if roads inhibit the movements of rodents and (2) ascertain if displaced rodents will return across roads.
Study of Viable Seeds In Surface Soil From Various Habitats In Ellis County, Kansas.
Authors:   , Lippert Robert
Published: February 2023

It is the purpose of this study to determine what species of plants emerge from samples of surface soil taken from various habitats after several years of favorable growing conditions.
Effects of university website on students' evaluations of Fort Hays State University
Authors:   , Yu Mo
Published: February 2023

The Internet has brought significant developments and challenges to universities and their publics. Meanwhile, the channels to deliver messages have gradually become digitized through the strong impact of the Internet, which offers an additional channel for public relations practitioners. With a survey conducted at Fort Hays State University (FHSU), this study was designed to investigate the relationship between students’ satisfaction with the FHSU website and their evaluations of the university. This study also provided a practical method for FHSU to evaluate how the university website satisfies the students or other publics.
Wash Your Cows to Remove Radioactive Fallout: Government Efforts to Prepare the Rural Population of the United States for a Nuclear Attack
Authors:   , Adams Monti
Published: February 2023

This thesis evaluates the history of the Civil Defense programs from World War II through the Kennedy Administration. There were various government agencies tasked with Civil Defense, preparing the civilian department for war activities. The urban, suburban, and rural populations received different messages from these various agencies. There were specific marketing campaigns aimed at the rural and agricultural groups to convince them to prepare to survive a nuclear attack. The government needed this key demographic to survive and continue to provide food to the survivors of any nuclear attack. Rural populations and agricultural producers were important due to their ability to provide the crucial food supply necessary to the surviving populace. Without a reliable and safe food supply, the remaining people would not be able to rebuild all that had been destroyed during the nuclear attack. In addition, the rural population needed to survive to play host to those who survived the initial nuclear attacks. Survival plans for urban and suburban populations focused on separate messages than those for rural and agricultural areas because the latter had to factor livestock and crop protection into their survival plans. For those in urban or suburban locals, their only concern was to protect themselves and their families.
Vegetation and Soil Comparisons Among Three Areas: Mowed, Relict, and Moderately Grazed
Authors:   , Ankle David
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of mowing and grazing on native vegetation of grasslands compared to a relict area. Three areas were selected in relation to past treatment: relict, mowed and moderately grazed. On each area two sites were selected, a breaks site and a limy upland site. The relict area used for study is located on southeast quarter of S6, T14S, R18W, mowed on southeast quarter of S35, T13S, R19W, and moderately grazed on southeast quarter of S36, T13S, R19W; all near Hays, Kansas in Ellis County. Vegetation of the three areas was sampled by the point transect method to determine percent composition, basal cover and frequency. A total of 400 sets or 4,000 points was taken at random. Yields were obtained by clipping eight square meter plots on each site. Soils of the three areas were analyzed for texture, pH and organic matter. Analysis was done to determine the amount of variation between the sites. Texture was determined by the Bouyoucos hydrometer method, pH by the Beckman pH meter and organic matter by wet digestion method. Dominant grasses on the relict breaks site were side-oats grama, big bluestem and little bluestem which made up 90.22 percent of the vegetation. The mowed breaks site supported the same dominant grasses as the relict site but little bluestem almost doubled in composition. Dominants on the grazed breaks site were side-oats grama with 30.10 percent and hairy grama with 19.97 percent composition. Tall grasses decreased and shortgrasses increased due to grazing on the breaks sites. Total basal cover for the relict, mowed, and grazed breaks sites was 21.51, 24.14 and 16.50 percent, respectively. Mowing increased basal cover but grazing decreased basal cover. Total forage yields on the relict, mowed and moderately grazed breaks sites was 2187.8, 1899.3 and 1975.0 pounds per acre, respectively. Dominant grass on the relict limy upland was big blue-stem but the dominant of mowed and grazed sites was side-oats grama. Big bluestem decreased and blue grama increased as a result of mowing and grazing on the limy upland sites. Just a trace of buffalo grass was found on the relict site but was abundant on the mowed and grazed sites. Total basal cover on the relict, mowed and grazed limy upland sites was 20.20, 30.25, and 28.82 percent, respectively. Total forage yields on the relict, mowed and grazed limy upland sites was 2403.4, 2278.4 and 2141.8 pounds per acre, respectively.