bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does supporting self-help groups of people with mental conditions for longer duration lead to more effective groups? A qualitative evaluation in Ghana
Authors: Yahaya Adam Dokurugu , Adwan-Kamara Lyla , Yaro Peter Badimak , Tabong Philip Teg-Nefaah
Published: January 2025

Self Help Groups (SHGs) are informal groups amongst individuals that meet on a regular basis to discuss shared concerns. SHGs have become increasingly important in recent years for delivering development initiatives for both governmental and non-governmental organizations. To strengthen SHGs, BasicNeeds-Ghana, identified SHGs of people with mental health conditions across the country and provided them with skilled training and support. While some of these SHGs only received help for the first year, others had additional support for the second and third years. The study was conducted to compare the effects of the varying levels of support on the operations and effectiveness of SHGs in five regions in Ghana. Stratified purposive sampling technique was employed in the selection of SHGs for 32 focus group discussions (14 among SHG members who received support for year one only and 18 among those who received additional support in year two and three) and 26 interviews. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. With the aid of the NVivo 14, the data was coded using the constructs of the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. The results showed that SHGs that received support for more than one year were more functionally effective and performed better than those who received support for year one only. The additional training in leadership offered to SHGs in the second and third year built the capacity of members to negotiate and advocate for their engagement with governmental organizations. Regular engagements with governmental agencies motivated SHG members to attend meetings and increased their confidence to participate and engage with governmental agencies and community. The study concludes that duration of support provided to self help groups of people with mental conditions could improve the operational effectiveness. To sustain group development and to achieve growth in self-help activities, pathways for strategic support and capacity-building need to be in place at the start of the set-up.
Sensitivity of anti-filarial antibodies for lymphatic filariasis surveillance: Insights from a serological survey in Samoa in 2018
Authors: Lawford Harriet L. S. , Sartorius Benn , Mayfield Helen J. , Sam Filipina Amosa-Lei , Viali Satupaitea , Kamu Tito , Thomsen Robert , Lau Colleen L.
Published: January 2025

Background

Sensitive diagnostic tools that signal lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission are needed to monitor the progress of LF elimination programs. Anti-filarial antibody (Ab) markers could be more sensitive than antigen (Ag) point-of-care tests for monitoring LF transmission in some settings. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of anti-filarial Abs for detecting signals of LF transmission in Samoa by i) investigating the sensitivity and specificity of Ab to identify Ag-positives; ii) estimating the average number needed to test (NNTestav) to identify LF-seropositives (seropositive for Ag and/or any Ab), and iii) compare the efficiency of the different serological indicators by target age group and sampling design.

Methods

A community-based serological survey of participants aged ≥5 years was conducted 1.5-3.5 months following the first round of triple-drug mass drug administration in Samoa in 2018, covering 35 primary sampling units (PSUs) (30 randomly selected and five purposively selected ‘suspected hotspots’). Ag-positivity was detected using Alere Filariasis Test Strips, and Ab-seropositivity (Bm14, Wb123, Bm33 Abs) were measured using multiplex bead assays. Seroprevalence was adjusted for study design and standardised for age and gender. NNTestav was calculated using the formula 1/p, where p was the adjusted seroprevalence for each subgroup.

Results

Of 3795 participants (mean age: 20.7; 51.2% female), 1892 (49.9%) were LF-seropositive. If Ag alone was used to identify LF-seropositives, only 5% (117/1892) would be identified. Of the three Ab seromarkers, Bm14 Ab had the highest area under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic Curve ([ROC]=0.88) to classify participants as Ag-positive, followed by Wb123 Ab (ROC=0.83) and Bm33 Ab (ROC=0.76). Participants aged ≥10 years had lower NNTestav compared to participants aged 5-9 years for all seromarkers. NNTestav was lower in purposively versus randomly selected PSUs.

Conclusions

All Ab seromarkers had high ROC values to classify patients as Ag-positive and may be useful tools for LF surveillance in some settings. However, further research is required to fully understand how best Ab serosurveillance can be incorporated into LF elimination programmes.
The first complete hand-rearing of two neonatal finless porpoises
Authors: Kasamatsu Masahiko , Hasegawa Kazuhiro , Wakabayashi Ikuo , Furuta Masami , Inoue Hiroki , Iwano Hidetomo
Published: January 2025

Hand-rearing of marine mammals is an essential technique for the husbandry of orphans in captivity or the wild, especially endangered cetacean species. The purpose of the present study was to establish a method for successful hand-rearing and evaluate the nutritional state of neonatal finless porpoises. Two neonate finless porpoises maternally neglected at 5 days of age (Day 5) (neonate A, animal A) and Day 4 (neonate B, animal B) were hand reared. The amount of each tube feeding and daily number of nursings for animals A and B during the lactation period were gradually increased to 1,355 and 1,120 ml and 16 and 14 times, respectively. The mean daily caloric intake during the lactation period and average increase in body weight of animals A and B were 2,048 ± 207 and 2,206 ± 169 kcal and 65.4 and 66.9 g/day, respectively. Hypoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia were observed in the two neonates during the early stage of hand-rearing. The plasma concentrations of 24 free amino acids in the neonatal porpoises were significantly higher compared with adult porpoises. Plasma valine, leucine, and isoleucine levels in the neonates were dramatically higher than those in adults. Hyperlipoproteinemia, characterized by a higher percentage of very-low-density lipoprotein and the appearance of midband, was also observed in the two neonates, along with hypertriglyceridemia. A hand-rearing method for finless porpoises was successfully established in this research. Nutritional evaluation of serum protein, free amino acids, and lipid components is needed to improve the survivability of hand-reared neonatal porpoises. The hand-rearing method established in the present study is an essential technique for the husbandry of finless porpoises and can be applied to the conservation of other members of the porpoise family, including vaquita and Yangtze finless porpoises, which are the most endangered dolphins in the world.
Enablers and barriers to community pharmacists’ readiness to implement deprescribing of inappropriate medications for older adults in Qatar
Authors: Elshazly Marwa , Jawad Sondus , Ahmed Ayesha , ElGeed Hager , Yusuff Kazeem Babatunde
Published: January 2025

There is paucity of studies focused on the enablers and barriers to community pharmacists’ readiness to deprescribe inappropriate medications for older adults in developing settings. The current study assessed the enablers and barriers to community pharmacists’ readiness to implement deprescribing of inappropriate medications for older adults. A cross-sectional survey of 252 community pharmacists was conducted in Qatar with a pre-tested 24-item questionnaire developed with the theory of domain framework. Information about perceived enablers and barriers were elicited with a 5-point Likert-type scale. The response rate was 79.4% (200/252). The majority of the community pharmacists were females (54.5%), within the age range of 20–40 years (88.0%), had BSc / BPharm as the highest educational qualification (70.5%), were full-time employee (97.0%). The top-ranked enablers of community pharmacists’ readiness to implement deprescribing were exposure to CPD on the use of deprescribing toolkits and algorithm (66%), interprofessional collaboration with physicians (60.5%) and shared electronic patient record (59.5%), and improved remuneration / re-imbursement 58%). The top-ranked barriers were lack of access to patient records (70.5%), ineffective collaboration with physicians (66.5%), lack of time due to heavy workload (65%), regulatory framework that limit expansion of clinical roles (51%) and intense focus on sales target (49%). The top-ranked enablers of community pharmacists’ readiness to implement deprescribing were exposure to CPD on the use of deprescribing toolkits and algorithm, interprofessional collaboration with physicians and shared electronic patient record. These findings bode well for the implementation of community pharmacists-led deprescribing of inappropriate medications for older adults in Qatar. However, a number of critical barriers were identified, and these will require institutional, regulatory and organizational interventions to improve readiness.
Genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing analyses of lens tissue in an age-related mouse cataract model
Authors: Hu Yuzhu , Su Dongmei , Zhang Yue , Fu Yanjiang , Li Sijia , Chen Xiaoya , Zhang Xiao , Zheng Shunfei , Ma Xu , Hu Shanshan
Published: January 2025

DNA methylation is known to be associated with cataracts. In this study, we used a mouse model and performed DNA methylation and transcriptome sequencing analyses to find epigenetic indicators for age-related cataracts (ARC). Anterior lens capsule membrane tissues from young and aged mice were analyzed by MethylRAD-seq to detect the genome-wide methylation of extracted DNA. The young and aged mice had 76,524 and 15,608 differentially methylated CCGG and CCWGG sites, respectively. The Pearson correlation analysis detected 109 and 33 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with negative methylation at CCGG and CCWGG sites, respectively, in their promoter regions. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses showed that DEGs with abnormal methylation at CCGG sites were primarily associated with protein kinase C signaling (Akap12, Capzb), protein threonine kinase activity (Dmpk, Mapkapk3), and calcium signaling pathway (Slc25a4, Cacna1f), whereas DEGs with abnormal methylation at CCWGG sites were associated with ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity (Rps6ka3). These genes were validated by pyrosequencing methylation analysis. The results showed that the ARC group (aged mice) had lower Dmpk and Slc25a4 methylation levels and a higher Rps6ka3 methylation than the control group (young mice), which is consistent with the results of the joint analysis of differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, we confirmed the genome-wide DNA methylation pattern and gene expression profile of ARC based on the mouse cataract model with aged mice. The identified methylation molecular markers have great potential for application in the future diagnosis and treatment of ARC.
Relationship between secondary metabolites and ecological suitability zones for Eucommia ulmoides
Authors: Yao Ting , Wang Ya , Zhang Na , Wang Beichao , Gan Zhuoting
Published: January 2025

The quality of Chinese medicinal materials is closely related to the types and contents of their secondary metabolites, while ecological adaptability influences the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, identifying the relationship between ecological adaptability and secondary metabolites is important for enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials. In this study, we collected 10-year-old Cortex Eucommiae (Eucommia ulmoides, EU) samples from 21 plots in eight provinces which are the primary production areas of EU in central China. We used the MaxEnt model to determine the ecological suitability zones for EU at the 21 sampling sites and classified them accordingly. The contents of six pharmacologically active secondary metabolites, including chlorogenic acid, aucubin, geniposidic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol monoglucoside, and pinoresinol diglucoside were measured in the EU bark. The results demonstrated significant variations in the content of the six secondary metabolites in EU bark among different sampling sites. Correlation analysis indicated a close relationship between the content of chlorogenic acid and aucubin in EU bark and the ecological suitability of their respective production areas. The total content of the six secondary metabolites also showed good consistency with the ecological suitability of the production areas. Exploratory factor analysis further revealed a strong consistency between the factor analysis comprehensive scores based on the content of major secondary metabolites and the types of suitability zones at the sample locations. The cluster analysis results demonstrated good consistency between clustering groups and ecological suitability zone groups, with higher consistency as the suitability level of the ecological zone increased. This indicated a significant impact of suitable ecological environments on the content of EU secondary metabolites.
Coevolutionary dynamics in the grass-livestock social-ecological system of China’s alpine pastoral areas: A case study of the Qilian Mountains region in China
Authors: Cai Ligan , Zhao Junhao , Chen Jian
Published: January 2025

Evaluating the dynamic co-evolution and feedback mechanisms within socio-ecological systems is crucial for determining the resilience and sustainability of environmental governance strategies. The grass-livestock system, as a complex entity encompassing livestock nutrition, foraging behavior, vegetation ecology, pastoralists’ economic income, and policy interventions, indicates that any change in a single element may trigger a chain reaction within the system. This paper uses a system dynamics approach to construct a simulation model of the grass-livestock system in alpine pastoral areas, simulating the long-term dynamic co-evolution of the socio-ecological system in the Qilian Mountains region of China. Four optimization schemes were proposed, and the synergistic development of the grass-livestock system in alpine pastoral areas under each scheme was simulated. The results show that, under the premise of sustainable use of grazing-based artificial grassland, the combination of reasonable use of fenced grasslands and cooperative management by pastoralists can effectively control livestock numbers, ensure pastoralists’ income, and maintain grassland quality within the next 20 years, thereby achieving coordinated socio-economic and ecological development. Additionally, optimizing feed supply can significantly improve grass production, livestock weight, and income. Therefore, it is recommended that alpine pastoral areas prioritize both grassland ecological management and development, adopt grassland restoration technologies, strengthen the management of artificial grasslands, set reasonable grazing bans, develop pastoralist cooperative organizations and design internal operational mechanisms.
Entity-enhanced BERT for medical specialty prediction based on clinical questionnaire data
Authors: Lee Soyeon , Han Ye Ji , Park Hyun Joon , Lee Byung Hoon , Son DaHee , Kim SoYeon , Yang HyeonJong , Han TaeJun , Kim EunSun , Han Sung Won
Published: January 2025

A medical specialty prediction system for remote diagnosis can reduce the unexpected costs incurred by first-visit patients who visit the wrong hospital department for their symptoms. To develop medical specialty prediction systems, several researchers have explored clinical predictive models using real medical text data. Medical text data include large amounts of information regarding patients, which increases the sequence length. Hence, a few studies have attempted to extract entities from the text as concise features and provide domain-specific knowledge for clinical text classification. However, it is still insufficient to inject them into the model effectively. Thus, we propose Entity-enhanced BERT (E-BERT), which utilizes the structural attributes of BERT for medical specialty prediction. E-BERT has an entity embedding layer and entity-aware attention to inject domain-specific knowledge and focus on relationships between medical-related entities within the sequences. Experimental results on clinical questionnaire data demonstrate the superiority of E-BERT over the other benchmark models, regardless of the input sequence length. Moreover, the visualization results for the effects of entity-aware attention prove that E-BERT effectively incorporate domain-specific knowledge and other information, enabling the capture of contextual information in the text. Finally, the robustness and applicability of the proposed method is explored by applying it to other Pre-trained Language Models. These effective medical specialty predictive model can provide practical information to first-visit patients, resulting in streamlining the diagnostic process and improving the quality of medical consultations.
Establishment of subcutaneous transplantation platform for delivering induced pluripotent stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells
Authors: Tran Hong Thuan , Rodprasert Watchareewan , Padeta Irma , Oontawee Saranyou , Purbantoro Steven dwi , Thongsit Anatcha , Siriarchavatana Parkpoom , Srisuwatanasagul Sayamon , Egusa Hiroshi , Osathanon Thanaphum , Sawangmake Chenphop
Published: January 2025

Potential trend of regenerative treatment for type I diabetes has been introduced for more than a decade. However, the technologies regarding insulin-producing cell (IPC) production and transplantation are still being developed. Here, we propose the potential IPC production protocol employing mouse gingival fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (mGF-iPSCs) as a resource and the pre-clinical approved subcutaneous IPC transplantation platform for further clinical confirmation study. With a multi-step induction protocol, the functional and matured IPCs were generated by 13 days with a long-term survival capability. Further double encapsulation of mGF-iPSC-derived IPCs (mGF-iPSC-IPCs) could preserve the insulin secretion capacity and the transplantation potential of the generated IPCs. To address the potential on IPC transplantation, a 2-step subcutaneous transplantation procedure was established, comprising 1) vascularized subcutaneous pocket formation and 2) encapsulated IPC bead transplantation. The in vivo testing confirmed the safety and efficiency of the platform along with less inflammatory response which may help minimize tissue reaction and graft rejection. Further preliminary in vivo testing on subcutaneous IPC-bead transplantation in an induced type I diabetic mouse model showed beneficial trends on blood glucose control and survival rate sustainability of diabetic mice. Taken together, an established mGF-iPSC-IPC generation protocol in this study will be the potential backbone for developing the iPSC-derived IPC production employing human and animal cell resources. As well as the potential further development of IPC transplantation platform for diabetes treatment in human and veterinary practices using an established subcutaneous encapsulated IPC-bead transplantation platform presented in this study.
Hearing in categories and speech perception at the “cocktail party”
Authors: Bidelman Gavin M. , Bernard Fallon , Skubic Kimberly
Published: January 2025

We aimed to test whether hearing speech in phonetic categories (as opposed to a continuous/gradient fashion) affords benefits to “cocktail party” speech perception. We measured speech perception performance (recognition, localization, and source monitoring) in a simulated 3D cocktail party environment. We manipulated task difficulty by varying the number of additional maskers presented at other spatial locations in the horizontal soundfield (1–4 talkers) and via forward vs. time-reversed maskers, the latter promoting a release from masking. In separate tasks, we measured isolated phoneme categorization using two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) and visual analog scaling (VAS) tasks designed to promote more/less categorical hearing and thus test putative links between categorization and real-world speech-in-noise skills. We first show cocktail party speech recognition accuracy and speed decline with additional competing talkers and amidst forward compared to reverse maskers. Dividing listeners into “discrete” vs. “continuous” categorizers based on their VAS labeling (i.e., whether responses were binary or continuous judgments), we then show the degree of release from masking experienced at the cocktail party is predicted by their degree of categoricity in phoneme labeling and not high-frequency audiometric thresholds; more discrete listeners make less effective use of time-reversal and show less release from masking than their gradient responding peers. Our results suggest a link between speech categorization skills and cocktail party processing, with a gradient (rather than discrete) listening strategy benefiting degraded speech perception. These findings suggest that less flexibility in binning sounds into categories may be one factor that contributes to figure-ground deficits.
Interactive effect of biological control (Aflasafe GH02) and different packaging types on aflatoxin levels in maize grain in two ecological zones
Authors: Kaburi Sandra Ama , Sanful Rita Elsie , Azumah Lariba Cecilia , Lamptey Francis Padi , Otoo Gifty Serwaa , Nyame Bertina , Kumah Patrick , Appiah Francis
Published: January 2025

Aflatoxins are found in maize, groundnuts, and tree nuts. Most Ghanaians consume maize; therefore, aflatoxin exposure threatens their food security. Aflasafe GH02, a biological control agent, prevents contamination of crops with aflatoxins at preharvest and protects grains during storage. This study assessed the interactive effects of the agroecological zone, biological control (Aflasafe GH02), and three different storage bags on aflatoxin contamination. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) was used for the experiment. After six months of storage, aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) showed low contamination levels (< 3 µg/kg), except for AFG2, which had 12.97 µg/kg for control and 6.66 µg/kg for treated samples in both zones. Generally, lower contamination levels were observed in Purdue Improved Crop Storage (PICS) bags, followed by polypropylene bags (poly). Again, there were no significant changes in the levels of AFB1 of the maize stored in the forest zone in any packaging bags used for the experiment. The samples were not contaminated in all packaged bags in the savannah zone with AFG1. The study recommends that farmers use PICS to store their maize if the storage duration goes beyond five months to minimize the rise in aflatoxin contamination during storage. Farmers should also use biological controls during the preharvest stage to prevent contamination of maize during long-term storage.
Galdetzaile metatuak Euskara Arkaikoan eta Klasikoan
Authors: Artiagoitia Xabier
Published: January 2025

Artikulu honek Euskara Arkaikoan eta Klasikoan ustez dauden NZ-galdetzaile metatuen adibideak aztertzen ditu. Adibideen azterketak erakusten du: (a) galdetzaile metatuen ezaugarria garai bietarako dagoela egiaztatuta; (b) bi galdetzaileen konbinazioek (normalean subjektu-osagarri, subjektu-adjunktu [nola]) bat egiten dutela kasu guztietan Goragotasun Baldintzarekin; eta (c) konbinazio horiek bat datozela galdera anitzei egotzi ohi zaien bikote zerrendaren erantzun motarekin.
On the interplay of segmentation cues in adult OV/VO bilinguals: prosody, frequency and context language
Authors: De la Cruz-Pavía Irene , Elordieta Gorka , Laka Itziar
Published: January 2025

The present study investigated the role of phrasal prosody in speech segmentation in adult bilingual speakers of two languages with opposite basic word orders: Basque and Spanish (Object-Verb and Verb-Object, respectively). We created a structurally ambiguous artificial language (AL) that allowed two possible parses, mimicking the order characteristic of OV and VO languages, and enriched it with the prosodic cue associated to languages with an OV order: a pitch contrast, in which the element receiving prominence within phrases has higher pitch than the non-prominent elements. We tested highly proficient L1Basque-L2Spanish and L1Spanish-L2Basque speakers on their segmentation preferences of the AL, addressing both groups in their respective L1 during the study. Analysis of their segmentation preferences revealed that the presence of OV prosody modulated—but did not determine—their parsing of the ambiguous AL, as both groups of bilinguals exhibited a significantly greater preference for the segmentation associated to OV languages than two similar groups presented with a prosodically flat variant of the same AL in de la Cruz-Pavía et al. (2022). These results confirm that phrasal prosody is an available segmentation cue for adult bilinguals, but suggests it is not a salient segmentation cue in this population.
Hypercorrections in a Western Basque text: What do they tell us about sibilant mergers?
Authors: Krajewska Dorota
Published: January 2025

This paper analyses two 18th century texts and focuses on hypercorrections found in the spelling of sibilants, i.e. examples where an etymological apical fricative is represented with spelling elsewhere used for laminal fricatives. The texts used are Lubieta’s dictionary (written in the central variety of Donostia/San Sebastián) and sermons composed by Bizente Sarria (written in the western variety of Etxebarri). As for Lubieta’s text, in previous research hypercorrections have been interpreted to be related to an ongoing merger in which the apico-alveolar fricative merges with the apico-laminal, and the remaining sound is the laminal. In Sarria’s speech, however, another merger pattern was present, in which laminal and apical fricatives merge in favour of the latter. Because of that, hypercorrections found in that text are hypothesised to be purely graphical. Using quantitative methods, the paper compares the patterns found in spellings found in the two texts in order to better understand merger processes involved (and especially hypercorrections), but also to reflect on the methodology which can be used to analyse such issues.
Chilean s-deletion and aspiration: against a Stratal OT account
Authors: Colina Sonia
Published: January 2025

In Chilean Spanish (Bros̀ 2018, 2019), s-aspiration is an opaque process in which [h], coda realization of /s/, surfaces morpheme internally as expected, but it overapplies in word-final prevocalic position; in absolute word-final position and in word-final preconsonantal position, deletion takes place instead. Bros̀ argues that a Stratal OT account is necessary to explain the data. Although the verdict is out on whether some degree of serialism is unavoidable in OT, this paper contends that a simpler, non-serial account of the Chilean data is preferrable to a Stratal OT one, due to greater simplicity and strict parallelism, which is more closely aligned with the spirit of OT. Additionally, the analysis presented shows that the Chilean data do not offer evidence in favor of a Stratal OT account, as a parallel explanation is possible. The proposed analysis contributes to our understanding of the Chilean data, to our knowledge of aspiration and other opaque phenomena in Spanish, and to the debate on parallelism in OT.
Tendencias de hablantes vascos en conversaciones en Instagram: el cambio de código y sus funciones
Authors: Ibarra Orreaga
Published: January 2025

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar las formas de lenguaje, el tipo de discurso y los recursos utilizados por los jóvenes vascoparlantes en sus conversaciones en la red social Instagram. En concreto queremos analizar el Code Switching y entrever qué función cumple este fenómeno lingüístico. El corpus procede de 30 alumnos voluntarios de 18 a 25 años distribuidos por género proporcionalmente; se elige la producción de uno de ellos durante dos años. El análisis de este grupo focal muestra que las funciones que predominan en el CS son funciones connotativas; en general para dar expresividad, humor y también un toque juvenil; asimismo es alto el CS que significa solidaridad de grupo. En cuanto a las funciones referenciales, sirve para saludar, dar ánimos o enhorabuena. Además, los jóvenes utilizan una variedad de estrategias para construir relaciones en Instagram, incluidos procedimientos léxicos, morfológicos y fonológicos. En resumen, se detecta una tendencia a marcar la autenticidad y la identidad mediante el uso de las variantes dialectales locales y a su vez a utilizar otras lenguas que les den un toque de modernidad; en definitiva, se busca conexión con las raíces locales y a la vez abrirse a la modernidad, una visión y un uso “glocal” de la lengua.
Phonetic variants of Majorcan Catalan /ʒ/: A controlled study in societal language contact
Authors: Ramírez Marta , Simonet Miquel
Published: January 2025

Some Majorcan Catalan speakers produce /ʒ/ as [j] rather than [ʒ]. We hypothesize that variation in the production of /ʒ/ is modulated by whether speakers are dominant speakers of Catalan or not. Majorcan Catalan exists in a contact situation with Spanish, and Catalan-Spanish bilinguals vary, on a spectrum, in terms of their language dominance. We recruited 18 bilinguals and divided them into two groups: Catalan- or Spanish-dominant. The participants repeated out loud auditory stimuli in which /ʒ/ had been produced by model talkers as either [j] or [ʒ]. The results revealed systematic differences between Catalan- and Spanish-dominant bilinguals in terms of two correlates that capture the distinction between [j] and [ʒ]: spectral center of gravity and skewness. While the effects of the subjects’ profile were of a very large magnitude, the effects of imitation—having heard [j] or [ʒ] as the auditory model for /ʒ/—were negligible. This suggests that, in Majorcan Catalan, individual phonological (internalized) representations of /ʒ/, and not only production habits, are modulated by the speaker’s background—some speakers have /j/ and others have /ʒ/.
Euskalkien sailkapen berria dela eta
Authors: Aurrekoetxea Gotzon , Videgain Xarles
Published: January 2025

Euskalkien sailkapen berria deitu liburuak (Aurrekoetxea, Gaminde, Ormaetxea & Videgain 2019) izan dituen lehen kritiketan agertzen diren datu eta iritziak zuzentzea du xede artikulu honek. Iritzi eta datuok bi multzotan sailkatzen ditugu: batetik, Euskal Herriko Hizkuntza Atlasa-EHHA egitasmo erraldoiaren ezaugarri ezezagun nabarmenenen berri emango da. Bestetik, euskalkien sailkapen berrian erabilitako metodologiaz jardungo da.
Aditz sintagmaren barne-argumentuen hierarkia komunztadurarik gabeko testuinguruetan
Authors: Ormazabal Javier
Published: January 2025

Lan honen xedea euskarazko AS-barneko argumentuen arteko oinarrizko hierarkia orain arte helburu horrekin erabili ez diren testuinguru sintaktiko batzuen bidez argitzen laguntzea da. Horretarako, ageriko komunztadurarik gabeko egitura desberdinak identifikatzen ditut —TZE nominalizazio eta partizipio egitura desberdinez gain, osagai koordinatuak eta aginterazkoak, aditz aspektual eta modalen zenbait testuinguru— eta perpaus jokatuen jokaerarekin erkatzen. Euskal Prosa Gaur (EPG) corpuseko elkarkarien analisi sistematikoak erakusten du hierarkia alderantzizkoa dela bi egitura motetan, eta iraulketa hori bakar-bakarrik sintaxi mailako eragiketa baten ondorioa izan daitekeela. Hurrenkeraz gain, ikus dezakegu egitura hauetan guztietan komunztadura ez agertzea ez dela “hutsune” morfologiko bat, komunztadurari dagokion prozesu sintaktikoaren faltaren sintoma eta ondorioa baizik. Hala bada, komunztadura eta kasu erkaketa zeharo prozesu autonomoak behar dute izan, komunztadura erlaziorik ez dagoenean kasu erkatzearen iturria komunztadura ez beste leku batean bilatu behar dugunez.
Alborapena ulertzen adimen artifizialean
Authors: Arregi Olatz , Perez de Viñaspre Olat , Irigoien Itziar
Published: January 2025

Artikulu honetan adimen artifizialak gizartean dagoen alborapen soziala errepikatzeko etaareagotzeko duen arriskuan jarri nahi izan dugu fokua. Ez da erraza adostasuna lortzea alborapena terminoadefinitzerakoan, eta hori dela eta, hasteko, lan honetan zer adierazten dugun alborapena terminoa erabil-tzean azaldu dugu. Ondoren, adimen artifizialak sortzen duen alborapena zergatik gertatzen den analizatudugu, eta horretarako, ikasketa automatikoko urrats bakoitza aztertu eta bertan gertatzen den alborapena-ren jatorria azaldu dugu adibide banarekin lagunduta. Azkenik, alborapenaren kasu erreal batzuk ekarriditugu paperera datu-motaren arabera (ahotsa, testua, irudia eta ezaugarrien datu-taula) antolatuta. Datu-mota oso ezberdinak izan arren, denetan aurki daitezke alborapen kasu mingarriak, izan genero alborapena,izan jatorriarekin lotutakoa edota ezaugarri fisikoetara atxikia. Arazoa konplexua da benetan eta gaur egunikerketako gai hori ardatz duten lanen gorakada da horren erakusle.
La condición jurídico-privada de la mujer en el Fuero Nuevo: orígenes y evolución
Authors: Nanclares Valle Javier
Published: January 2025

La posición de la mujer en el Derecho civil foral de Navarra ha experimentado una profunda evolución, acorde a las exigencias constitucionales y a las demandas de la sociedad. Beneficiadas en la pubertad y con igual capacidad que los hombres al alcanzar la mayoría de edad, la tradición jurídica navarra que inspiró la redacción de la Compilación de 1973 les asignó, sin embargo, un papel secundario tras contraer matrimonio. Ese rol postergado tuvo reflejo legal tanto en el ámbito patrimonial como en materia de responsabilidad respecto de los hijos comunes. Las sucesivas modificaciones del Fuero Nuevo en este último medio siglo han venido a constatar el fin de la subordinación de la mujer al varón en el ámbito de las relaciones familiares y el logro de la plena igualdad formal.
La comunidad doméstica consuetudinaria del Alto Aragón: familia, mujer y patrimonio
Authors: Argudo Périz José Luis
Published: January 2025

Se trata en este trabajo de la institución de la Casa en el ordenamiento jurídico histórico aragonés, como expresión de la comunidad doméstica pirenaica altoaragonesa, y de las instituciones familiares y sucesorias que la han conformado, situándolas a fines del siglo xix con la perspectiva de los estudios sobre el Derecho consuetudinario del Alto Aragón del gran jurista aragonés Joaquín Costa Martínez; y añadiendo las aportaciones que han realizado historiadores y juristas sobre su evolución hasta la actualidad.
Instrucciones y formularios de las Cortes de Navarra a la Diputación del Reino, siglos XVIII y XIX
Authors: Alli Aranguren Juan-Cruz
Published: January 2025

Las Cortes de Navarra crearon en 1501 una Diputación, permanente desde 1576, que amplio sus funciones conforme se redujo la actividad de aquéllas, convirtiéndose en la institución principal del Reino. Recibía «instrucciones», cada vez más precisas y numerosas, de cuyo cumplimiento daba cuenta. Ambas instituciones actuaban conforme a los «ceremoniales» y «formularios» aprobados para ordenar sus relaciones con la Monarquía y funcionamiento, codificando la costumbre hasta establecer en el siglo xix un reglamento de régimen interior.
La troncalidad en Guipúzcoa. Notas para su estudio
Authors: Ayerbe Iribar M.ª Rosa
Published: January 2025

La autora aborda el tema de la institución troncal iniciando el mismo con el análisis de su propia concepción y tipología, siguiendo la autorizada opinión de Braga da Cruz, y pasa a estudiar su origen medieval, presente ya en el Liber Iudiciorum visigótico, su difusión peninsular por Castilla y los territorios forales de Aragón, Navarra, Vizcaya y Ayala, para analizar, como objetivo principal, la documentación que demuestra su existencia en Guipúzcoa a través del fuero de San Sebastián y del propio Derecho consuetudinario presente en toda su geografía.
LIZARRAGA RADA, Mikel, La Justicia en el Reino de Navarra según las Ordenanzas del Consejo Real. Prólogo de Roldán Jimeno Aranguren, Pamplona: Editorial Aranzadi, 2023. 400 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1163-702-2
Authors: López Nevot José Antonio
Published: January 2025

LIZARRAGA RADA, Mikel, La Justicia en el Reino de Navarra según las Ordenanzas del Consejo Real. Prólogo de Roldán Jimeno Aranguren, Pamplona: Editorial Aranzadi, 2023. 400 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1163-702-2
RAMIS BARCELÓ, Rafael y Pedro RAMIS SERRA, Los grados de la Universidad de Irache en el siglo XVIII (1701-1824), Madrid: Dykinson, 2024. 729 pp. ISBN: 978-84- 1170-988-0
Authors: Serrano Larráyoz Fernando
Published: January 2025

RAMIS BARCELÓ, Rafael y Pedro RAMIS SERRA, Los grados de la Universidad de Irache en el siglo XVIII (1701-1824), Madrid: Dykinson, 2024. 729 pp. ISBN: 978-84-1170-988-0
Figurines féminines archaïques de terre cuite en contexte funéraire punique dans la Méditerranée centrale et occidentale
Authors: Ramon Torres Joan , Dhahbi Chahla
Published: January 2025

Une mentalité nettement antiquaire installée dans la philosophie des fouilles de nécropoles, objectif clé de l’archéologie punique dès les dernières décennies du XIXe au premier tiers du XXe siècle, ensemble à l’analyse des matériaux récupérés selon les conceptions de l’Histoire de l’Art, a comporté des visions nettement partielles, voire déformées, d’une réalité funéraire bien plus vaste et complexe. Ce problème concerne d’autant plus une classe d’objet qui d’ailleurs a attiré beaucoup l’attention des chercheurs : les figurines en terre cuite. Sous une optique scientifique moderne, on se propose ici de récupérer et de revoir le contexte d’où ces éléments procèdent, dans le but d’établir un nouveau paradigme, bien au-delà des topiques, apparemment immuables, qui ne voient dans ces statuettes d’autre que des représentations divines, sans aucun rôle que celui de protéger les morts auxquels on les suppose associées.
Análisis estadístico de las marcas de alfarero de sigillata hispánica en el complejo alfarero de Isturgi (Jaén, Baetica)
Authors: Esquivel Sánchez Francisco Javier , Esquivel Guerrero José Antonio , Fernández-García María Isabel
Published: January 2025

El avance en las últimas décadas en el estudio de la terra sigillata hispánica ha permitido la combinación entre la caracterización arqueológica y arqueométrica, con la tecnológica y estadística, poniendo especial atención en el análisis de los sigilla correspondientes a las diferentes officinae que formaban parte de los complejos alfareros hispanos. Hasta el presente, los más importantes en cuanto a volumen productivo y comercial se refiere son los alfares de Tritium Magallum en la Tarraconensis y de Isturgi en la Baetica. Los materiales de este trabajo proceden de un conjunto de marcas recuperadas en los vertederos 1 y 2 de los alfares isturgitanos, de los que se disponen de diversas variables cualitativas multiestado: cronología, officina, firmas de artesanos, tipología del material, existencia o no de decoración y colaboración o no entre officinae. Los métodos utilizados están basados en análisis estadísticos, tanto univariantes descriptivos como multivariantes de variables cualitativas. Posteriormente se ha realizado un análisis cluster en base a la medida de similaridad X² enfocada a agrupar las distintas marcas de artesano y detectar patrones en los datos.
Un tors romà de Dionís trobat a Miraflor (els Poblets, Alacant)
Authors: Arasa i Gil Ferran , Ahuir i Domínguez Josep Antoni
Published: January 2025

Presentem una escultura romana trobada a la població de Miraflor (Alacant), que aparegué entre els enderrocs en les obres de derrocament d’una casa on s’havia emprat com a material de construcció. La part conservada correspon al tors d’un personatge masculí jove de proporcions menors que el natural, que només porta una pell de felí creuada sobre el pit. Al muscle esquerre conserva l’extrem de la cinta amb què devia portar nugats els cabells. Aquests dos elements permeten identificar-lo amb Dionís/Bacus, divinitat que apareix freqüentment representada en ambients de caràcter domèstic, amb certa freqüència a les villae. Malgrat trobar-se molt incompleta, es pot precisar que pertany a un tipus escultòric del segle IV aC que tingué una gran difusió en època romana imperial amb diferents variants, sovint en formats reduïts. Els paral·lels més pròxims ens porten a proposar una datació aproximada en el segle II dC. L’escultura deu procedir d’alguna villa situada en les proximitats que pertanyia al territori municipal de Dianium.
Correspondencia inédita entre el XVII duque de Alba y Evaristo Ramos Cadenas sobre la necrópolis del Gallo de Carteia (San Roque, Cádiz)
Authors: Romero Molero Alberto , Del Reguero González Jorge
Published: January 2025

Se analizan unas cartas y fotografías localizadas en el Archivo de la Fundación Casa de Alba, fruto de la correspondencia entre Evaristo Ramos Cadenas y Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, XVII duque de Alba, entre 1927 y 1928. Esta documentación aporta nuevos datos sobre el hallazgo de un importante sarcófago y otros materiales en la necrópolis del Gallo de Carteia (San Roque, Cádiz), localizada parcialmente en la propiedad de Ramos Cadenas. Si bien el conocimiento de este espacio funerario es reducido, en buena parte motivado por la construcción de la refinería «Gibraltar-San Roque» que arrasó la necrópolis y su topografía original, las piezas documentadas poseen un valor excepcional, muchas de las cuales constituyen señas de identidad del registro arqueológico carteiense. La correspondencia entre Ramos Cadenas y el duque de Alba constituye una muestra de la labor del segundo como gestor y promotor de la arqueología española, al mostrar especial interés por aquellos hallazgos arqueológicos sucedidos en territorio nacional. Su papel debe entenderse al haber sido nombrado vocal de la Junta Superior de Excavaciones y Antigüedades en 1922 y director de la Real Academia de la Historia en 1927, cargo que ocuparía hasta su fallecimiento en 1953. Este estudio nos ha permitido profundizar tanto en los hallazgos arqueológicos de la necrópolis como en el XVII duque de Alba, figura clave de la arqueología española durante el primer tercio del siglo XX. La documentación inédita analizada constituye una interesante aportación a los estudios de Carteia en general y de sus necrópolis en particular.
Investigation of ionospheric response to a moderate geomagnetic storm over the mid-latitude of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alenazi Moqbil Salem , Nooreldeen Hassan Mahdy , Ahmed Ayman Mahmoud , Yossuf Mohamed , Lomotey Solomon Otoo , Yassen Ahmed , Mahrous Ayman
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the ionospheric response to a moderate geomagnetic storm recorded on May 14, 2019, with a minimum disturbance storm time (Dst) index of

−
70

-70

nT. Observations from three Global Positioning System (GPS) stations (RFHA,

29.6

∘

{\text{29.6}}^{\circ }

N; ARAR,

30.9

∘

{\text{30.9}}^{\circ }

N; TRIF,

31.6

∘

{\text{31.6}}^{\circ }

N) in Saudi Arabia’s Northern Borders Province were used to derive the vertical total electron content (VTEC), revealing a significant increase during the storm’s main phase. A comparative analysis of GPS-derived VTEC with the International Reference Ionosphere 2016 (IRI-2016) model showed that IRI-2016 tends to overestimate VTEC during quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions. Additionally, GPS-VTEC data were utilized to detect traveling ionospheric disturbances within 30 min, moving poleward across the Northern Arabian Peninsula throughout the storm. These findings highlight the impact of the geomagnetic activity on ionospheric dynamics and the effectiveness of the new GPS stations in monitoring ionospheric behavior over the Arabian Peninsula.
A detailed review of the design parameters for augmenting the latent heat in a thermal energy storage system
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Yadav Ankit , Singh Gurjeet , Taneja Sumit
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to critically analyze various parameters that improve the latent heat transfer in heat exchangers. There has been a continuous increase in greenhouse gases because of industrial activities across the world. Consequently, it has become critical to harness renewable energy as a powerful substitute for meeting future energy needs. Thus, phase change materials (PCM) and heat transfer fluids have been instituted as alternatives for activities related to heat transfer enhancement employing heat exchangers with different fin configurations.

Methodology

The present work deals with the comparative analysis of thermal performance of longitudinal and circular finned heat exchangers. For creating a detailed summary of various computational cum experimental endeavours, efforts have been made to compile a refined picture of design variations and thermal performances of PCM-based latent thermal energy storage system (PCM – LTESS).

Findings

The comparative analysis of longitudinal as well as circular finned tube arrangement revealed that the latter has better thermal characteristics. However, various fin arrangements have also been explored as part of this review.

Originality

A significant improvement in heat transfer is observed when heat sinks clubbed with PCM-based arrangement are integrated with pin fins. These are frequently instituted for heat transfer enhancement or thermal energy management of various electronic goods with optimum number and size of fins.
Método sustentable de recuperación de plata de efluentes mineros por adsorción con hidrogeles
Authors: Banda Mendoza Sofía Desirée , Cuevas Miranda David Alejandro , Davalos Guzmán Rosa María , Gamiño Arroyo Zeferino , Sánchez Cadena Lorena Eugenia
Published: January 2025

Los efluentes mineros contienen metales pesados y otros contaminantes que pueden dañar los ecosistemas acuáticos y terrestres, además representan una pérdida económica, por el desperdicio de metales preciosos como la plata. Tradicionalmente, se ha utilizado la adsorción con carbón activado para el tratamiento de estos efluentes. Sin embargo, el uso de hidrogeles (HG) resulta aún más rentable, ya que estos materiales tienen un tiempo de retención de agua mayor, lo que mejora su capacidad de adsorción. En el presente trabajo, se sintetizaron hidrogeles de poliacrilato de sodio (NaPAA), poliacrilato de calcio (CaPAA) y un hidrogel Combinado para adsorber plata de efluentes mineros de manera sustentable. Una vez sintetizados, los hidrogeles se sumergieron en soluciones de AgNO3, a diferentes concentraciones (82.62 ppm, 147.74 ppm, 174.22 ppm, y 222 ppm). Se calculó el porcentaje de hinchamiento y por medio de absorción atómica se obtuvieron las isotermas de adsorción. En el sistema por lotes, el hidrogel Combinado mostró la mayor capacidad de adsorción (62.5 mg/g), ajustándose al modelo de Langmuir. A través de un análisis de SEM-EDS se evidencia la presencia de plata sobre la superficie de los hidrogeles después de la adsorción. El HG Combinado se probó también en régimen continuo. Los resultados muestran que una columna de adsorción empacada con este HG, logró un nivel de porcentaje de adsorción de 40% en 20 min. Se evaluó también la eficacia del hidrogel Combinado en un sistema por lotes utilizando una solución ácida de jales mineros reales, y se obtuvo una capacidad de adsorción de 0.266 mg/g. Estos hidrogeles son una alternativa sustentable para el tratamiento de jales mineros, ofreciendo un material de adsorción económico para la industria, contribuyendo así, con la economía circular.