bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Trace Metal Elements in Ambient Sub-Micron Particulate Matter in a Coastal Megacity of Northern China Influenced by Shipping Emissions from 2018 to 2022
Authors: Du Jinhua , Liu Ziyang , Tao Wenxin , Wang Ting , Zhao Jiaojiao , Gong Weiwei , Li Yue , Xue Lian , Yang Jianli , Wang Chaolong , Zhang Houyong , Wang Fei , Sun Yingjie , Zhang Yisheng
Published: February 2024

Various shipping emission restrictions have recently been implemented locally and nationally, which might mitigate their impacts on regional air quality, climate change, and human health. In this study, the daily trace metal elements in PM1 were measured in a coastal megacity in Northern China, from autumn to winter from 2018 to 2022, spanning DECA 1.0 (domestic emission control area), DECA 2.0, IMO 2020, and Pre-OWG Beijing 2022 stages. The trace element changes of V, Ni, Pb, and Zn in PM1 were analyzed. The concentrations of V declined with shipping emission regulations implemented in 2018–2022 at 3.61 ± 3.01, 1.07 ± 1.04, 0.84 ± 0.62, and 0.68 ± 0.61 ng/m3, respectively, with the V/Ni ratio decreasing at 1.14 ± 0.79, 0.93 ± 1.24, 0.35 ± 0.24, and 0.22 ± 0.18. The V/Ni ratio was dominated by the shipping emissions in the DECA 1.0 stage but has been more affected by the inland sources since DECA 2.0. The V/Ni ratio of local transport air mass was higher than that of long-distance transportation, indicating that some ships were still using high-sulfur fuel oil, especially for the ships 12 nautical miles from the coastline. The multiple linear regression model showed a better fit using V as a tracer for ship emission sources of ambient SO2 in the DECA 1.0 stage, while the indication effect reduced since DECA 2.0. The V and V/Ni ratios should be carefully used as indicators of ship sources as more vessels will use clean fuels for energy, and the contribution of inland sources to V and Ni will gradually increase.
A Machine Learning-Based Pipeline for the Extraction of Insights from Customer Reviews
Authors: Lakatos Róbert , Bogacsovics Gergő , Harangi Balázs , Lakatos István , Tiba Attila , Tóth János , Szabó Marianna , Hajdu András
Published: February 2024

The efficiency of natural language processing has improved dramatically with the advent of machine learning models, particularly neural network-based solutions. However, some tasks are still challenging, especially when considering specific domains. This paper presents a model that can extract insights from customer reviews using machine learning methods integrated into a pipeline. For topic modeling, our composite model uses transformer-based neural networks designed for natural language processing, vector-embedding-based keyword extraction, and clustering. The elements of our model have been integrated and tailored to better meet the requirements of efficient information extraction and topic modeling of the extracted information for opinion mining. Our approach was validated and compared with other state-of-the-art methods using publicly available benchmark datasets. The results show that our system performs better than existing topic modeling and keyword extraction methods in this task.
Feasibility and Reliability of Quadriceps Muscle Power and Optimal Movement Velocity Measurements in Different Populations of Subjects
Authors: Kostka Tomasz , Kostka Joanna
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of quadriceps maximal short-term power (Pmax) and corresponding optimal movement velocity (υopt—velocity at which the power reaches a maximum value) measurements in different populations of subjects. Five groups of subjects, fifty participants in each group, took part in the study: students; patients of the cardiac rehabilitation program; patients after stroke; older adults; and subjects of different ages who performed repetitive measurements with two different bicycles. The correlations calculated for the pairs of scores ranged from 0.93 to 0.99 for Pmax and from 0.86 to 0.96 for υopt (all with p < 0.001). Intraclass Correlations Coefficients (ICCs) varied from 0.93 to 0.98 for Pmax and from 0.86 to 0.95 for υopt. The standard error of measurement (SEM) varied from 16.9 to 21.4 W for Pmax and from 2.91 to 5.54 rotations(rot)/min for υopt. The coefficients of variation (CVs or SEM%) for Pmax and υopt in the stroke group were 10.6% and 11.4%, respectively; all other CVs were clearly lower than 10%. The minimal detectable change (MDC) varied from 46.6 to 59.3 W for Pmax and from 8.07 to 15.4 rot/min for υopt. MDC% varied from 9.53% to 29.3% for Pmax and from 8.19% to 31.7% for υopt, and was the highest in the stroke group. Therefore, the precision of measurements of Pmax and υopt was confirmed by very good indices of absolute and relative reliability. The proposed methodology is precise, safe, not time-consuming and feasible in older subjects and those with diseases.
Research on Dynamic Modeling Method and Flying Gait Characteristics of Quadruped Robots with Flexible Spines
Authors: Jiang Lei , Xu Zhongqi , Zheng Tinglong , Zhang Xiuli , Yang Jianhua
Published: February 2024

In recent years, both domestic and international research on quadruped robots has advanced towards high dynamics and agility, with a focus on high-speed locomotion as a representative motion in high-dynamic activities. Quadruped animals like cheetahs exhibit high-speed running capabilities, attributed to the indispensable role played by their flexible spines during the flight phase motion. This paper establishes dynamic models of flexible spinal quadruped robots with different degrees of simplification, providing a parameterized description of the flight phase motion for both rigid-trunk and flexible-spine quadruped robots. By setting different initial values for the spine joint and calculating the flight phase results for both types of robots at various initial velocities, the study compares and analyzes the impact of a flexible spine on the flight phase motion of quadruped robots. Through comparative experiments, the research aims to validate the influence of a flexible spine during the flight phase motion, providing insights into how spine flexibility affects the flight phase motion of quadruped robots.
Switching Separation Migration Order by Switching Electrokinetic Regime in Electrokinetic Microsystems
Authors: Vaghef-Koodehi Alaleh , Lapizco-Encinas Blanca H.
Published: February 2024

Analyte migration order is a major aspect in all migration-based analytical separations methods. Presented here is the manipulation of the migration order of microparticles in an insulator-based electrokinetic separation. Three distinct particle mixtures were studied: a binary mixture of particles with similar electrical charge and different sizes, and two tertiary mixtures of particles of distinct sizes. Each one of the particle mixtures was separated twice, the first separation was performed under low voltage (linear electrokinetic regime) and the second separation was performed under high voltage (nonlinear electrokinetic regime). Linear electrophoresis, which discriminates particles by charge, is the dominant electrokinetic effect in the linear regime; while nonlinear electrophoresis, which discriminates particles by size and shape, is the dominant electrokinetic effect in the nonlinear regime. The separation results obtained with the three particle mixtures illustrated that particle elution order can be changed by switching from the linear electrokinetic regime to the nonlinear electrokinetic regime. Also, in all cases, better separation performances in terms of separation resolution (Rs) were obtained by employing the nonlinear electrokinetic regime allowing nonlinear electrophoresis to be the discriminatory electrokinetic mechanism. These findings could be applied to analyze complex samples containing bioparticles of interest within the micron size range. This is the first report where particle elution order is altered in an iEK system.
Expert Performance in Action Anticipation: Visual Search Behavior in Volleyball Spiking Defense from Different Viewing Perspectives
Authors: Zhu Ruihan , Zou Deze , Wang Keji , Cao Chunmei
Published: February 2024

Volleyball spiking requires defenders to possess exceptional anticipatory skills. However, most volleyball defense video eye-tracking studies have used fixed or off-court perspectives, failing to replicate real-world environments. This study explored different visual search behaviors between elite and novice volleyball players from various viewing perspectives using video eye tracking. We examined spiking anticipation in 14 competitive elite, 13 semi-elite, and 11 novice players. We captured spiking videos from three on-court perspectives using GoPro cameras mounted on the defenders’ heads, closely replicating real game scenarios. For comparison, we recorded baseline videos using a fixed camera. The present study revealed that competitive and semi-elite players demonstrated higher accuracy than novices. Competitive elite players used fewer fixations, indicating that their superior performance was related to stable visual search patterns. All participant groups, regardless of skill level, showed similar visual allocation among areas of interest (AOIs). However, notable differences in visual search patterns and AOI allocation were observed between baseline and on-court perspective videos. From the baseline perspective, the participants primarily utilized global perception and peripheral vision, focusing more on the setter zone or the spiker’s trunk. Conversely, from the on-court perspective, they employed more fixations, focusing more intensely on the spiker’s detailed movements.
RETRACTED: How Does Physical Activity Enhance the Subjective Well-Being of University Students? A Chain Mediation of Cognitive Reappraisal and Resilience
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Wu Ji , Wu Yigang , Li Xinxing
Published: February 2024

Background: Regular physical activity is an effective means to enhance university students’ subjective well-being. However, current research needs to understand how physical activity enhances the subjective well-being of Chinese university students. Therefore, the study investigated the mechanism of physical activity’s impact on university students’ subjective well-being and the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and resilience in this mechanism. Methods: The physical activity scale, subjective well-being scale, cognitive reappraisal scale and resilience scale were used to investigate 1350 university students, and the relationship between physical activity, cognitive reappraisal, resilience and university students’ subjective well-being was verified through correlation analysis, regression analysis and a Bootstrap method. Results: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between physical activity, cognitive reappraisal, resilience and university students’ subjective well-being (p < 0.01); (2) physical activity, cognitive reappraisal and resilience all have a significant positive effects on university students’ subjective well-being (p < 0.01); (3) cognitive reappraisal and resilience have significant mediating roles in the process of physical activity affecting university students’ well-being, with mediating-effect values of 0.052 and 0.285; (4) the chain-mediating role of cognitive reappraisal and resilience in the process of physical activity affecting university students’ well-being is significant, with the chain-mediating effect value of 0.062. Conclusion: Promoting university students’ participation in physical activity not only directly enhances university students’ subjective well-being but also indirectly improves university students’ subjective well-being through cognitive reappraisal and resilience.
Enhancing Building Energy Efficiency through Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Building Energy Modeling (BEM) Integration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alhammad Mohammed , Eames Matt , Vinai Raffaele
Published: February 2024

With the ever-increasing population and historic highest energy demand, the energy efficiency of buildings is becoming crucial. Architectural firms are moving from traditional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) to BIM. However, nearly 40% of the energy consumption is due to buildings. Therefore, there is a need to integrate BIM with Building Energy Modeling (BEM), which presents an innovative opportunity to demonstrate the potential of BIM to minimize energy consumption by integrating building information software with data from existing energy-efficient building automation systems (EBAS). BEM is a form of computational analysis that can be used in conjunction with BIM or Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) systems. In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore the existing literature on BIM and BEM and identify the effect of the integration of BEM in BIM in the design phase of the project. A recent survey from the last ten years (2012 to 2023) was carried out on Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, and papers were scrutinized. From the results, it can be observed that the convergence of BIM and BEM is found to be useful in practical applications; however, projects with short life cycles might not be suitable for this solution. Challenges exist in the interoperability tools which have restrictions on data exchange. Binary translation is found to be the most suitable candidate for data exchange. The analysis further showed that the most used program for integrating BIM/BEM is Green Building Studio developed by Autodesk to improve construction and operational efficiencies.
Automatic Detection of Collapsed Buildings after the 6 February 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes Using Post-Disaster Satellite Images with Deep Learning-Based Semantic Segmentation Models
Authors: Hacıefendioğlu Kemal , Başağa Hasan Basri , Kahya Volkan , Özgan Korhan , Altunışık Ahmet Can
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on the identification of collapsed buildings in satellite images after earthquakes through deep learning-based image segmentation models. The performance of four different architectures, namely U-Net, LinkNet, FPN, and PSPNet, was evaluated using various performance metrics, such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, specificity, AUC, and IoU. The study used satellite images taken from the area located in the south and southeast of Türkiye covering the eleven provinces which are most affected by the Mw 7.7 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Mw 7.6 Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) earthquakes. The results indicated that FPN and U-Net were the best-performing models depending on the performance metric of interest. FPN achieved the highest accuracy and specificity scores, as well as the best precision score, while U-Net achieved the best recall and F1 score values, as well as the best AUC and IoU scores. The training and validation accuracy and loss curves were analyzed, and the results indicated that all four models achieved an accuracy value of over 96%. The FPN model outperformed the others in terms of accurately segmenting images while maintaining a low loss value. This study provides insights into the potential of deep learning-based image segmentation models in disaster management and can be useful for future research in this field.
Application of Environmental and Biological Frequency Indicators to Assess the Serpula lacrymans Fungus in Wooden Dwellings
Authors: Espinoza Maldonado Rodrigo , Bobadilla Ariel , Rubio-Bellido Carlos
Published: February 2024

High moisture content, low ventilation levels, and changes in the hygrothermal design of wooden dwellings could generate environmental conditions favorable for developing the rot fungus Serpula lacrymans, which is known as the most destructive fungus of its kind. The purpose of this research was to develop an experimental methodology to determine the conditions of the appearance of the fungus S. lacrymans, through in situ measurement of biological and environmental frequency indicators for wooden dwellings in South Central Chile. The referential standards for the appearance of the fungus were determined based on specialized literature and measurements of dwellings with and without deterioration. The frequency indicators for the appearance of the fungus defined and studied were as follows: frequency of air temperature FATs (%), frequency of relative humidity FRMs (%), frequency of ventilation rate FVRs (%), and rot fungus spore concentrations (CFU/pp). The methodology was validated by being measured in various enclosures and spaces under the floor in wooden dwellings in the cities of Valdivia and Temuco. The results confirmed the strong relationship between environmental relative humidity frequencies, ventilation levels, and spore concentration regarding the appearance of the fungus, where the growth dynamics cannot be separately explained without a previous analysis of the variables. In general, the dwellings most affected by the presence of the fungus had the greatest moisture levels, lower ventilation levels, and greater spore concentration. This study is the basis to diagnose the phenomena of the appearance of the rot fungus in wooden dwellings in climates favorable for its development.
Public Memory, Architectural Language, and Its Configurational Relationship in the Memorial Museum: A Case Study of the War Memorial of Korea Using Space Syntax and Movement Tracking
Authors: Lee Jae Hong
Published: February 2024

Memorial museums serve as a record of the past and provide evidence of the past; moreover, they are a place for remembering the past and healing the present. In particular, their architectural language, such as movement through space, is actively involved in fostering public memory that implies a shared understanding of the past. However, it is hardly explained how public memory is configured in memorial museums, and how it is experienced by the act of moving around within the places. This study, hence, aims to investigate the configurational relationship between public memory and movement through space throughout an in-depth case study using visibility graph analysis as one of space syntax techniques, and movement tracking analysis. By examining the War Memorial of Korea, which is dedicated to commemorate sacrifices during the Korean War in memorial halls and chronologically describes wars in the Korean Peninsula, it was found out that a memorial museum works in a bifurcated way. Its spatial layout leads to a locally focused experience along a strongly structured commemorative sequence. On the contrary, it allows globally dispersed spatial experiences to take place along the integration core, suggesting both specific and wide-ranging themes and contents throughout their various exhibitions. Therefore, the locally focused paths elicit a commemorative experience by adding depth, whereas the globally dispersed paths bring about informal itineraries that start from their integration cores. It concludes that spatial configurations, as a non-verbal language, plays a role in transmitting the public memory.
Collagen VI Deficiency Impairs Tendon Fibroblasts Mechanoresponse in Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Cenni Vittoria , Sabatelli Patrizia , Di Martino Alberto , Merlini Luciano , Antoniel Manuela , Squarzoni Stefano , Neri Simona , Santi Spartaco , Metti Samuele , Bonaldo Paolo , Faldini Cesare
Published: February 2024

The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds cells. Interactions with the PCM enable the cells to sense and respond to mechanical signals, triggering a proper adaptive response. Collagen VI is a component of muscle and tendon PCM. Mutations in collagen VI genes cause a distinctive group of inherited skeletal muscle diseases, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is the most severe form. In addition to muscle weakness, UCMD patients show structural and functional changes of the tendon PCM. In this study, we investigated whether PCM alterations due to collagen VI mutations affect the response of tendon fibroblasts to mechanical stimulation. By taking advantage of human tendon cultures obtained from unaffected donors and from UCMD patients, we analyzed the morphological and functional properties of cellular mechanosensors. We found that the length of the primary cilia of UCMD cells was longer than that of controls. Unlike controls, in UCMD cells, both cilia prevalence and length were not recovered after mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, under the same experimental conditions, the activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is related to cilia activity, was impaired in UCMD cells. Finally, UCMD tendon cells exposed to mechanical stimuli showed altered focal adhesions, as well as impaired activation of Akt, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and mechanoresponsive genes downstream of YAP. By exploring the response to mechanical stimulation, for the first time, our findings uncover novel unreported mechanistic aspects of the physiopathology of UCMD-derived tendon fibroblasts and point at a role for collagen VI in the modulation of mechanotransduction in tendons.
Chemical (Alkali) Burn-Induced Neurotrophic Keratitis Model in New Zealand Rabbit Investigated Using Medical Clinical Readouts and In Vivo Confocal Microscopy (IVCM)
Authors: Vohra Mehak , Gour Abha , Rajput Jyoti , Sangwan Bharti , Chauhan Monika , Goel Kartik , Kamath Ajith , Mathur Umang , Chandru Arun , Sangwan Virender Singh , Bhowmick Tuhin , Tiwari Anil
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Chemical eye injury is an acute emergency that can result in vision loss. Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is the most common long-term manifestation of chemical injury. NK due to alkali burn affects ocular surface health and is one of its most common causes. Here, we established a rabbit model of corneal alkali burns to evaluate the severity of NK-associated changes. Material methods: Alkali burns were induced in NZ rabbits by treating the cornea with (i) a 5 mm circular filter paper soaked in 0.75 N NaOH for 10 s (Mild NK) and (ii) trephination using a guarded trephine (5 mm diameter and 150-micron depth), followed by alkali burn, with a 5 mm circular filter paper soaked in 0.75 N NaOH for 10 s (a severe form of NK). Immediately after, the cornea was rinsed with 10 mL of normal saline to remove traces of NaOH. Clinical features were evaluated on Day 0, Day 1, Day 7, Day 15, and Day 21 post-alkali burn using a slit lamp, Pentacam, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). NK-like changes in epithelium, sub-basal nerve plexus, and stroma were observed using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and corneal sensation were measured using an aesthesiometer post alkali injury. After 21 days, pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated for inflammation through ELISA. Results: Trephination followed by alkali burn resulted in the loss of epithelial layers (manifested using fluorescein stain), extensive edema, and increased corneal thickness (550 µm compared to 380 µm thickness of control) evaluated through AS-OCT and increased opacity score in alkali-treated rabbit (80 compared to 16 controls). IVCM images showed complete loss of nerve fibers, which failed to regenerate over 30 days, and loss of corneal sensation—conditions associated with NK. Cytokines evaluation of IL6, VEGF, and MMP9 indicated an increased angiogenic and pro-inflammatory milieu compared to the milder form of NK and the control. Discussion: Using clinical parameters, we demonstrated that the alkali-treated rabbit model depicts features of NK. Using IVCM in the NaOH burn animal model, we demonstrated a complete loss of nerve fibers with poor self-healing capability associated with sub-basal nerve degeneration and compromised corneal sensation. This pre-clinical rabbit model has implications for future pre-clinical research in neurotrophic keratitis.
Unraveling Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets for Liver Fat Deposition
Authors: Lopez-Yus Marta , Hörndler Carlos , Borlan Sofia , Bernal-Monterde Vanesa , Arbones-Mainar Jose M.
Published: February 2024

Adipose tissue (AT), once considered a mere fat storage organ, is now recognized as a dynamic and complex entity crucial for regulating human physiology, including metabolic processes, energy balance, and immune responses. It comprises mainly two types: white adipose tissue (WAT) for energy storage and brown adipose tissue (BAT) for thermogenesis, with beige adipocytes demonstrating the plasticity of these cells. WAT, beyond lipid storage, is involved in various metabolic activities, notably lipogenesis and lipolysis, critical for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also functions as an endocrine organ, secreting adipokines that influence metabolic, inflammatory, and immune processes. However, dysfunction in WAT, especially related to obesity, leads to metabolic disturbances, including the inability to properly store excess lipids, resulting in ectopic fat deposition in organs like the liver, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This narrative review delves into the multifaceted roles of WAT, its composition, metabolic functions, and the pathophysiology of WAT dysfunction. It also explores diagnostic approaches for adipose-related disorders, emphasizing the importance of accurately assessing AT distribution and understanding the complex relationships between fat compartments and metabolic health. Furthermore, it discusses various therapeutic strategies, including innovative therapeutics like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-based treatments and gene therapy, highlighting the potential of precision medicine in targeting obesity and its associated complications.
Influence of Varying the Spraying Distance on the Structural-Phase State and Mechanotribological Properties of 86WC-10Co-4Cr-Based Coatings Obtained by the HVOF Method
Authors: Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Muktanova Nazerke , Kakimzhanov Dauir , Adilkanova Meruert , Kurbanbekov Sherzod , Abdulina Saule
Published: February 2024

This paper presents the results of a metallographic and tribological study of 86WC-10Co-4Cr coatings obtained by the HVOF method on the Termika-3 unit at varying spraying distances. The influence of spraying distance on the coating microstructure, phase composition, as well as mechanical and tribological properties, was studied. According to the results of the study, it was found that the optimum spraying distance for 86WC-10Co-4Cr coatings with improved wear resistance and hardness characteristics and low porosity is 300 mm.
A New Method for Calculating the Hamaker Constant Based on the Hansen Solubility Parameters for Non-Polar Liquids
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki , Takeda Shin-ichi
Published: February 2024

A simple relationship between the Hamaker constant and the Hansen solubility parameters for non-polar liquids is derived by combining a Hamaker constant/surface tension relationship derived by Israelachvili and a Hansen solubility parameters/surface tension relationship derived by Abbott. With this relationship, one can easily estimate the Hamaker constant of non-polar liquids on the basis of the database of the Hansen solubility parameters. This is an entirely new method for calculating the Hamaker constant without recourse to data on the frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity of those substances (which are required for the rigorous Lifshitz theory) and laborious numerical calculations.
Canopy Structural Changes in Black Pine Trees Affected by Pine Processionary Moth Using Drone-Derived Data
Authors: Domingo Darío , Gómez Cristina , Mauro Francisco , Houdas Hermine , Sangüesa-Barreda Gabriel , Rodríguez-Puerta Francisco
Published: February 2024

Pine species are a key social and economic component in Mediterranean ecosystems, where insect defoliations can have far-reaching consequences. This study aims to quantify the impact of pine processionary moth (PPM) on canopy structures, examining its evolution over time at the individual tree level using high-density drone LiDAR-derived point clouds. Focusing on 33 individuals of black pine (Pinus nigra)—a species highly susceptible to PPM defoliation in the Mediterranean environment—bitemporal LiDAR scans were conducted to capture the onset and end of the major PPM feeding period in winter. Canopy crown delineation performed manually was compared with LiDAR-based methods. Canopy metrics from point clouds were computed for trees exhibiting contrasting levels of defoliation. The structural differences between non-defoliated and defoliated trees were assessed by employing parametric statistical comparisons, including analysis of variance along with post hoc tests. Our analysis aimed to distinguish structural changes resulting from PPM defoliation during the winter feeding period. Outcomes revealed substantive alterations in canopy cover, with an average reduction of 22.92% in the leaf area index for defoliated trees, accompanied by a significant increase in the number of returns in lower tree crown branches. Evident variations in canopy density were observed throughout the feeding period, enabling the identification of two to three change classes using LiDAR-derived canopy density metrics. Manual and LiDAR-based crown delineations exhibited minimal differences in computed canopy LiDAR metrics, showcasing the potential of LiDAR delineations for broader applications. PPM infestations induced noteworthy modifications in canopy morphology, affecting key structural parameters. Drone LiDAR data emerged as a comprehensive tool for quantifying these transformations. This study underscores the significance of remote sensing approaches in monitoring insect disturbances and their impacts on forest ecosystems.
Effect of New Methods for Inhibiting Malolactic Fermentation on the Analytical and Sensory Parameters of Wines
Authors: Prusova Bozena , Licek Josef , Kumsta Michal , Baron Mojmir , Sochor Jiri
Published: February 2024

This study focuses on the impact of new methods for inhibiting malolactic fermentation in white wines on their analytical and sensory properties. Enological preparations with different mechanisms of effect were tested: fumaric acid, chitosan, Estaan (a preparation based on tannin inhibition), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), sulphur dioxide and a control variant. Malolactic fermentation (MLF) was also performed. The samples underwent analysis through HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) to determine the concentrations of malic and lactic acid, as well as biogenic amines. GC (gas chromatography) analysis was used to monitor volatile substances, alongside sensory evaluation. This study demonstrated a significant influence of individual enological preparations on the aromatic profile of the examined wines. The SO2 and MCFA variants exhibited the highest concentrations of volatile substances within the esters group, specifically isoamyl acetate, 1-hexyl acetate and phenylethyl acetate. Conversely, the fumaric acid and Estaan variants displayed the lowest concentrations of these esters. The most notable disparities were observed in acetoin concentration, with the MCFA variant exhibiting the lowest values. Additionally, the chitosan variant showed higher concentrations of putrescine and spermidine compared to the MCFA and fumaric acid variants, which presented the lowest levels.
Research Progress on Bioaugmentation Technology for Improving Traditional Chinese Fermented Seasonings
Authors: Liu Aiping , Wu Jie , Zhou Weixin , Li Jianlong , Hu Kaidi , Li Qin , Zhao Ning , Yang Yong , Liu Shuliang
Published: February 2024

Chinese traditional fermented seasonings, essential to the culinary heritage of China, are produced through fermentation, resulting in a diverse range of unique flavors and aromas. The microorganisms involved in fermentation play significant roles in shaping the quality of these traditional fermented seasonings. The production of traditional fermented seasonings is affected by various biological and abiotic factors, presenting challenges concerning product quality and safety. This review investigates the impact of bioaugmentation technology on key Chinese traditional fermented seasonings, such as vinegar, soy sauce, sufu, doubanjiang, dajiang, and douchi. Additionally, the challenges and constraints linked to the implementation of bioaugmentation technology are discussed. The potential of bioaugmentation is highlighted by its ability to shorten the fermentation time, optimize raw material utilization, improve nutritional value, and enhance the quality parameters of these seasonings. This paper demonstrates an interesting convergence of traditional culinary heritage and contemporary technological advancements.
The Delayed Effect of Multiplicative Noise on the Blow-Up for a Class of Fractional Stochastic Differential Equations
Authors: Xie Xinyi , Gao Fei
Published: February 2024

We investigated the blow-up of the weak solution to a class of fractional nonlinear stochastic differential equations driven by multiplicative noise in this paper. The a priori estimates and Galerkin method were applied to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution. Underlying the hypotheses of the nonlinear function and the initial data, for finite time, we prove that the solution does not blow up. Additionally, under further assumptions, we verified that the presence of multiplicative noise can delay the blow-up of the solution to infinity.
High Outcrossing Levels among Global Macadamia Cultivars: Implications for Nut Quality, Orchard Designs and Pollinator Management
Authors: Trueman Stephen J. , Penter Mark G. , Malagodi-Braga Kátia Sampaio , Nichols Joel , De Silva Anushika L. , Ramos Adalgisa Thayne Munhoz , Moriya Leonardo Massaharu , Ogbourne Steven M. , Hawkes David , Peters Trent , Kasinadhuni Naga , Hosseini Bai Shahla , Wallace Helen M. , Kämper Wiebke
Published: February 2024

Global fruit and nut yields are affected by shortfalls in pollinator populations, and pollen limitation is most prevalent among tropical, bee-pollinated and self-incompatible plants. Macadamia is a subtropical, bee-pollinated crop in which some cultivars have been found to be highly outcrossing. We aimed to determine the extent of outcrossing and its effects on nut quality across a wide range of international macadamia cultivars in three countries. We sampled fruit from 19 macadamia cultivars across 23 sites in Australia, Brazil and South Africa. We used genotype-by-sequencing and MassARRAY methods to assign paternity to individual fruit and we assessed pollen-parent effects on nut quality. Macadamia was highly outcrossing, producing 80–100% of fruit by cross-pollination, at 17 of the 23 sites. Mixed mating (41–72% outcrossing) was identified at five sites, and low outcrossing (10%) was identified in one cultivar at one site where it was isolated from other flowering macadamia trees. Outcrossed fruit often had significantly better quality than selfed fruit, with 1.61–3.39 g higher nut-in-shell mass, 0.53–1.55 g higher kernel mass, 3.3–6.4% higher kernel recovery, and 3.0–3.5% higher oil concentration. The differences in kernel recovery equated to differences in value of USD 433–841 per ton of nut-in-shell at prices of USD 3000 per ton. In summary, macadamia cultivars were mostly highly outcrossing, and outcrossed nuts often had higher quality than selfed nuts. Growers should consider interplanting different cultivars more closely and distributing bee hives more widely to maximise cross-pollination, produce high yields, and optimise nut quality.
Biochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Dried Fruit Produced from Apricot Cultivars Grown in Latvia
Authors: Juhnevica-Radenkova Karina , Krasnova Inta , Seglina Dalija , Kaufmane Edite , Gravite Ilze , Valdovska Anda , Radenkovs Vitalijs
Published: February 2024

The present study focused on evaluating the biochemical profiles of four apricot cultivars (cv.) (Prunus armeniaca L.) grown in Latvia and demonstrating their processing to obtain the food product, dried candied fruit (DCF). The fingerprinting of apricot fruit approached by LC-MS and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed the abundance of bioactives responsible for the antioxidant activity. The outstanding composition of group compounds, i.e., phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamin C, was observed in the cv. ‘Dimaija’, followed by cv. ‘Gundega’ and cv. ‘Velta’. The lowest values were found in the cv. ‘Boriss’ and fruit from a market of Greek origin. However, the latter two contained the highest carotenoid levels due to a more pronounced maturity. Amongst the 13 individual phenolics detected, rutin, chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids, catechin, and epicatechin prevailed. The concentrations observed were the highest in cv. ‘Dimaija’, followed by cv. ‘Velta’ and cv. ‘Gundega’. Osmotic dehydration and convective drying of apricot fruit variedly influenced the content of bioactives in DCF products. The most substantial decrease due to thermal lability was observed in the vitamin C content in DCF, accounting for a 95.3% loss for all cultivars. The content of total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids in DCF, on average, was 62.7%, 49.6%, and 87.6% lower than that observed in the raw fruit, respectively. On average, the content of individual phenolics in DCF, such as rutin and chlorogenic acid, decreased by 63.8% and 20.8%, respectively. The decline in the content of bioactives was conditioned by the physical migration of the cell components to the hypertonic solution. However, the increase in the content of cell wall-bound phytochemicals, such as catechin and epicatechin, after osmotic dehydration and convective drying, was observed in DCF, corresponding to a 59.5% and 255.64% increase compared with the raw fruit, respectively. Panelists generally responded positively to the developed DCF; however, greater preference was given to products with a lower phenolic content, such as cv. ‘Boriss’ and those produced from the market fruit. It is believed that the high flavan-3-ols content, along with chlorogenic acid, contributed to the bitter taste of DCF. Overall, apricot fruits represent the abundance of bioactives retained in DCF after osmotic dehydration and convective drying. The findings observed in the current study allow to consider DCF as a functional food; however, given the high sugar content, their consumption should be in moderation.
Optimized Production of a Hesperidin-Enriched Extract with Enhanced Antioxidant Activity from Waste Orange Peels Using a Glycerol/Sodium Butyrate Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Kalompatsios Dimitrios , Palaiogiannis Dimitrios , Makris Dimitris P.
Published: February 2024

Citrus processing side-streams are largely represented by waste orange peels (WOP), and there are several techniques developed for polyphenol extraction from WOP; yet, there are a significant lack of methodologies based on non-conventional, green solvents. On this basis, this study was performed to assess a deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesized with glycerol and sodium butyrate, for its capacity to extract WOP polyphenols. Optimization of the process was carried out using a response surface methodology, which revealed that a maximum total polyphenol yield of 73.36 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1 dry mass (DM) could be achieved with a solvent system of DES/water (80% w/w), a residence time of 120 min, and a temperature of 90 °C. Using these settings, the polyphenol extraction from WOP with the DES/water solvent system was found to have outstanding performance compared to aqueous or hydroethanolic extraction, while the extracts generated possessed significantly enhanced antioxidant properties. The chromatographic analyses of the extracts demonstrated that the DES/water extract was particularly enriched in hesperidin (21.81 mg g−1 dry mass), a bioflavonoid with promising pharmaceutical potential. This is a first report on the use of this particular DES for WOP polyphenol extraction, which may be used to produce hesperidin-enriched extracts, by implementing the methodology developed.
A Survey on Using Linguistic Markers for Diagnosing Neuropsychiatric Disorders with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zaman Ioana-Raluca , Trausan-Matu Stefan
Published: February 2024

Neuropsychiatric disorders affect the lives of individuals from cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects, impact the quality of their lives, and even lead to death. Outside the medical area, these diseases have also started to be the subject of investigation in the field of Artificial Intelligence: especially Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision. The usage of NLP techniques to understand medical symptoms eases the process of identifying and learning more about language-related aspects of neuropsychiatric conditions, leading to better diagnosis and treatment options. This survey shows the evolution of the detection of linguistic markers specific to a series of neuropsychiatric disorders and symptoms. For each disease or symptom, the article presents a medical description, specific linguistic markers, the results obtained using markers, and datasets. Furthermore, this paper offers a critical analysis of the work undertaken to date and suggests potential directions for future research in the field.
Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Machine Learning Models: A Comparative Study
Authors: Safavi Vahid , Mohammadi Vaniar Arash , Bazmohammadi Najmeh , Vasquez Juan C. , Guerrero Josep M.
Published: February 2024

Predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is crucial to preventing system failures and enhancing operational performance. Knowing the RUL of a battery enables one to perform preventative maintenance or replace the battery before its useful life expires, which is vital in safety-critical applications. The prediction of the RUL of Li-ion batteries plays a critical role in their optimal utilization throughout their lifetime and supporting sustainable practices. This paper conducts a comparative analysis to assess the effectiveness of multiple machine learning (ML) models in predicting the capacity fade and RUL of Li-ion batteries. Three case studies are analyzed to assess the performances of the state-of-the-art ML models, considering two distinct datasets. These case studies are conducted under various operating conditions such as temperature, C-rate, state of charge (SOC), and depth of discharge (DOD) of the batteries in Cases 1 and 2, and a different set of features and charging policies for the second dataset in Case 3. Meanwhile, diverse extracted features from the initial cycles of the second dataset are considered in Case 3 to predict the RUL of Li-ion batteries in all cycles. In addition, a multi-feature multi-target (MFMT) feature mapping is introduced to investigate the performance of the developed ML models in predicting the battery capacity fade and RUL in the entire life cycle. Multiple ML models that are developed for the comparison analysis in the proposed methodology include Random Forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient-boosting machine (LightGBM), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), long short-term memory (LSTM), and attention-LSTM. Furthermore, hyperparameter tuning is applied to improve the performance of the XGBoost and LightGBM models. The results demonstrate that the extreme gradient boosting with hyperparameter tuning (XGBoost-HT) model outperforms the other ML models in terms of the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the battery capacity fade and RUL for all cycles. The obtained RMSE and MAPE values for XGBoost-HT in terms of cycle life are 69 cycles and 6.5%, respectively, for the third case. In addition, the XGBoost-HT model handles the MFMT feature mapping within an acceptable range of RMSE and MAPE, compared to the rest of the developed ML models and similar benchmarks.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Teduglutide Treatment in Patients with Short Bowel Syndrome in Slovakia—Multicenter Real-World Study
Authors: Gombošová Laura , Suchanský Martin , Krivuš Juraj , Hornová Jarmila , Havlíčeková Zuzana , Fojtová Andrea , Norek Barbora , Valachová Iveta , Šprláková Jana , Gazda Jakub , Ondrušová Martina
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: We present the first real-world-data study on teduglutide-treated SBS patients in the Slovak Republic and the first study to enable the comparison of the effects of teduglutide treatment between the adult and pediatric populations. (2) Methods: This was a non-interventional retrospective cohort study of adult and pediatric SBS patients treated with teduglutide. Primary and secondary endpoints were the results of teduglutide use at 12 weeks and 6 months after the initiation of treatment, compared to baseline. (3) Results: Teduglutide treatment led to a statistically significant reduction in the volume of intravenous hydration, HPN caloric intake, HPN and intravenous hydration applications per week and to increased urine output in adult patients. The results in the pediatric population were similar, but not statistically significant. A complete weaning off HPN was achieved in 57.14% of all patients (50.00% of children; 62.50% of adults) after a median of 0.99 years of teduglutide treatment (1.07 and 0.98 years for children and adults, respectively). (4) Conclusions: Teduglutide treatment in SBS patients leads to considerable reduction in or even weaning off PN in both pediatric and adult patients.
Clinical Ultrasound Applications in Obstetrics and Gynecology in the Year 2024
Authors: Recker Florian , Gembruch Ulrich , Strizek Brigitte
Published: February 2024

Ultrasound imaging stands as a fundamental technology in the realms of obstetrics and gynecology, utilizing high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of the internal structures of the body [...]
Treatment of Schatzker Type VI Tibia Fractures Using Circular External Fixation: State of the Art, Surgical Technique and Results
Authors: Martínez Ros Javier , Escudero Martínez Alonso , Martínez Ros Miguel , Molina González José , Carrillo García María , García Paños Juan Pedro , Puertas García-Sandoval José Pablo , Salcedo Cánovas César
Published: February 2024

Background: Schatzker type VI tibia fractures are usually associated with infection and surgical wound-related problems. Circular external fixation (CEF) has been shown to minimize such complications. Methods: We pose a retrospective study of patients with Schatzker type VI fractures treated with CEF. Results: Twenty-two (22) patients were included (11M/11F) with a mean age of 60.1 ± 14.9 years. According to the AO/OTA classification, two fractures (9.1%) were A2, three (13.6%) were A3, and seventeen (77.3%) were C3. Three (13.6%) of them were open. The tissue damage observed in the nineteen (86.4%) closed fractures was classified according to Tscherne (four grade I, twelve grade II, and three grade III). The mean ex-fix time was 24.1 ± 5.1 weeks. None of the patients experienced deep infections, nonunion, or malunion. The mean ROM was 111.4 ± 17.8 degrees. Although stability was achieved in all cases, 50% of them suffered osteoarthritic degeneration. Four knees required TKR at a mean of 8.77 ± 5.58 years from trauma. The mean HHS knee score was 84.2 ± 10.3 points (excellent in fifteen (68.2%) cases, good in four (18.2%), and acceptable in three (13.6%)). The mean Rasmussen radiological score was 13.3 ± 3.5 (excellent in three (13.6%) cases, good in fifteen (68.2%), and acceptable in four (18.2%)). The mean SF-12 score was 35.1 ± 10.4 points on the physical scale and 53.0 ± 10.6 points on the mental scale. Conclusions: CEF has shown itself to be a valid treatment for patients with Schatzker type VI fractures, particularly for those where the fracture is comminuted, severely displaced, open, or associated with severe soft tissue damage.