bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES ON DEVELOPING THE HAULAGE OF HAZARDOUS CARGO IN LITHUANIA / EUROPOS SĄJUNGOS ŠALIŲ POVEIKIS PAVOJINGŲJŲ KROVINIŲ VEŽIMO TOBULINIMUI LIETUVOJE / ВЛИЯНИЕ СТРАН ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СОЮЗА НА РАЗВИТИЕ ПЕРЕВОЗОК ОПАСНЫХ ГРУЗОВ В ЛИТВЕ
Authors: Batarlienė Nijolė , Jarašūnienė Aldona , Vasiliauskas Aidas Vasilis
Published: April 2011

Technological development inevitably increases the number of hazardous cargo in the European Union. The essential problem of the haulage of hazardous consignment deals with insufficient safety. The topic seems to be relevant due to importance to ensure the safety of carrying hazardous cargo, since while transporting such materials, a certain possibility of a negative impact on nature, people's health and safety occurs. This article assesses the current situation of the haulage of hazardous cargo in Lithuania and investigates activities of developing the possibilities of the haulage of hazardous cargo in the countries of the European Union (EU). The conduced research on transport organizations in the EU countries helped with evaluating safety remedies and with ensuring the safe haulage of hazardous cargo used by particular organizations as well as suggested the kinds of transport used for transporting hazardous cargo. The study also indicated the most frequently crossed countries and the kinds of information technologies an organization applies in practice so that to guarantee the safety of the haulage of hazardous cargo. Santrauka Technologinė pažanga neišvengiamai didina pavojingųjų krovinių skaičių Europos Sąjungos keliuose. Didelė problema—nepakankamas pavojingųjų krovinių saugumas. Tema aktuali dėl šių krovinių gabenimo saugumo užtikrinimo svarbos, nes gabenant tokius krovinius atsiranda tikimybė neigiamai veikti aplinką, žmonių sveikatą. Straipsnyje pateiktas pavojingųjų krovinių vežimo Lietuvoje dabartinės situacijos įvertinimas, atliktas šių krovinių vežimo Europos Sąjungos šalyse tobulinimo galimybių tyrimas. Atliktasis pavojingųjų krovinių vežimo tyrimas padėjo įvertinti, kokių saugumo priemonių atitinkama transporto kompanija imasi, norėdama užtikrinti saugų pavojingųjų krovinių vežimą, kokiomis transporto rūšimis daugiausia veža pavojinguosius krovinius, kokiomis informacinių sistemų priemonėmis įmonė naudojasi. Резюме В связи с техническим развитием увеличивается число перевозок опасных грузов по дорогам стран Европейского Союза. Основной проблемой при перевозке опасных грузов является недостаточная безопасность. Тема особенно актуальна, так как транспортировка таких грузов вызывает отрицательное воздействие на окружающую среду и здоровье людей. В статье анализируется сегодняшняя ситуация с транспортировкой опасных грузов, разъясняются главные аспекты исследования возможностей при перевозке опасных грузов в страны Европейского Союза. Благодаря исследованию выявлено, какие меры безопасности предпринимают транспортные компании с целью гарантировать безопасность перевозок, какими транспортными средствами перевозятся опасные грузы, какие информационные средства используются.
Parents en deuil
Authors: Oppenheim Daniel
Published: April 2011

Résumé Parents en deuil – La mort d’un enfant est une des expériences de deuil les plus douloureuses, dans tous les pays. Malgré des avancées significatives ces dernières années, l’aide que ceux-ci peuvent recevoir reste encore limitée. Tous les soignants peuvent être des interlocuteurs de parents en deuil et pas seulement ceux qui se sont occupés de leur enfant. La mort d’un enfant laisse souvent des traces dans l’histoire de sa famille et dans le devenir de ses membres : les parents, un enfant né après, la fratrie, y compris plus tard quand elle devient adulte, voire sur ses enfants. Les entretiens individuels ou les groupes psychothérapeutiques aident les parents à traverser leur deuil. Ils apportent une connaissance précieuse des processus de deuil. Quatre éléments ont marqué l’évolution du deuil. Ils se sont dépris de leur identité de parents d’enfants morts de cancer. Ils ont reconnu leur ambivalence : envers la tentation euthanasique et celle de l’acharnement thérapeutique ; envers les médecins. Ils ont retrouvé leur position parentale, reconnaissant avoir répondu aux attentes de l’enfant en fin de vie ; reconnaissant le deuil intense de la fratrie. Les thèmes abordés par les parents fournissent de précieuses indications aux soignants dans les situations palliatives : aider les parents à préserver leur identité sociale, conjugale et parentale ainsi que leur présence efficace auprès de l’enfant, sans négliger la fratrie ; à exprimer leur ambivalence envers sa mort possible ; à tisser des relations de confiance réciproque avec eux.
Les conséquences d'un deuil dans l'enfance à moyen et à long terme
Authors: Jacquet-Smailovic Murielle
Published: April 2011

Résumé Les conséquences d’un deuil dans l’enfance à moyen et long terme – Si la plupart des enfants échappent à ce cruel destin qu’est la mort de l’un des leurs, il en est d’autres que le destin n’épargne point. Précédée parfois d’une maladie grave ou survenue brutalement, la mort d’un grand-parent, d’un oncle, d’une tante ou a fortiori d’un parent fait violence. Le drame affectif que représente cette disparition laisse des traces durables et variées. Ses effets, à moyen et à long terme, tant sur le plan de la santé physique que de l’équilibre psychique du sujet sont multiples. Tantôt dévastatrices, tantôt plus difficiles à déceler, ces conséquences témoignent de la nécessité d’une réelle prise en compte de l’enfant endeuillé et des adultes qui l’entourent afin qu’une aide adaptée puisse leur être proposée.
Les déterminants de l'adhésion aux mutuelles de santé en Afrique subsaharienne : un inventaire des travaux empiriques
Authors: Defourny Jacques , Failon Julie
Published: April 2011

En Afrique subsaharienne, les taux d’adhésion aux mutuelles de santé restent généralement à des niveaux très faibles. Cet article vise à synthétiser les résultats des enquêtes déjà réalisées pour identifier les facteurs qui influencent la décision d’adhérer ou non à ces mutuelles. Au-delà des différences méthodologiques entre ces travaux, notre synthèse fait ressortir deux facteurs majeurs qui étaient plutôt attendus (la capacité financière des populations et la qualité des soins) et les resitue dans une perspective plus large. Elle permet, également, d’identifier quelques autres paramètres qui semblent aussi jouer un rôle significatif, même si les convergences entre les enquêtes sont moins nettes.
Psychothérapies de groupe d'auteurs de violence sexuelle
Authors: Dévaud Corinne , Guraiib Gabriela
Published: April 2011

Résumé Parmi les traitements psychothérapeutiques destinés aux auteurs de violence sexuelle, les psychothérapies de groupe se sont avérées d’emblée une modalité thérapeutique pertinente. Sur un plan psychodynamique, les psychothérapies de groupe sont souvent proposées en parallèle à un suivi individuel. Toutefois, les effets de la combinaison d’un suivi de groupe à un suivi individuel n’ont été que peu étudiés. Au travers de vignettes cliniques extraites de séances individuelles et de groupe, cet article a pour but de présenter les effets sur le déroulement de suivis psychothérapeutiques psychodynamiques proposés à des auteurs de violences sexuelles. Enfin, au vu de l’effet positif constaté, la pertinence et l’indication d’un tel dispositif sont discutées.
L'héritage chrétien d'une culture à l'autre
Authors: Masson Gérard
Published: April 2011

Résumé Depuis quelques décennies, en Europe occidentale, la croyance en l’universalité et au caractère absolu de nos conceptions de l’homme est ébranlée par la prise en compte du pluralisme des civilisations et des religions, et du caractère « relatif » (à une histoire, à un milieu) de chacune d’elles. Cet article s’attache plus particulièrement à la répercussion de cette évolution parmi ceux qui restent attachés à l’héritage chrétien et à leur place dans l’Église catholique, à l’occasion d’un document présenté à l’assemblée des évêques de France en 2009.
Du sullogismos au syllogisme
Authors: Crubellier Michel
Published: April 2011

Résumé La définition du sullogismos est strictement identique dans les Topiques et dans les Premiers Analytiques , alors qu’on admet généralement que, dans ce dernier traité, le terme désigne spécifiquement la structure formelle appelée aujourd’hui encore « syllogisme ». Le mot peut avoir le même sens d’un bout à l’autre de l’Organon et du corpus aristotélicien : il désigne le moment de la joute dialectique où l’interrogateur récapitule une section de la discussion et se montre en mesure d’imposer une conclusion à laquelle son interlocuteur ne peut pas se dérober. À la suite de Hintikka (1993), on suggère que cette notion est issue des dialogues de Platon. C’est à partir de cette conception dialectique originelle que la théorie aristotélicienne de la rhétorique, d’une part, et la « syllogistique » formelle, de l’autre, ont pu se développer.
Histoire de quelques concepts dans les trois monothéismes : sainteté, sanctification, témoignage, martyre
Authors: de Courcelles Dominique
Published: April 2011

Dans les trois monothéismes le concept de Sainteté de Dieu induisant la sainteté de l’homme détermine une dialectique de la mort et de la vie qui accorde au martyre un rôle stratégique pour l’obtention de l’éternité auprès de Dieu ou au paradis, tout en soulignant la prédominance du choix de la vie, si limitée naturellement soit-elle. Le zèle des candidats au martyre a généralement été dénoncé par les autorités religieuses, conscientes des excès et de l’idolâtrie sous-jacente comme idolâtrie de maîtrise du temps et de l’espace, puisque, en se vouant à l’éternité, le martyr assure aussi la pérennité de son corps martyrisé sous forme de relique. Mais il est clair aussi que, dans les trois monothéismes, le martyre a pu devenir, en fonction de circonstances historiques précises, le symbole d’un combat idéologique ou politique, sans reste, désacralisé.
Animal-Assisted Therapy for Clients with Dementia
Authors: Buettner Linda L. , Fitzsimmons Suzanne , Barba Beth
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this article is to increase nurses’ awareness of animal-assisted therapy as a treatment option for older adults with dementia. We describe the differences between animal visitation programs and goal-directed therapy. We also address credentials of human-animal teams and provide an overview of possible therapeutic outcomes for older adults with dementia. Step-by-step methods are outlined for nurses to advocate for clients with dementia to receive these services.
Use of Actors as Standardized Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Keltner Norman L. , Grant Joan S. , McLernon Dennis
Published: April 2011

Using actors in simulation provides opportunities for immersive, interactive, and reflective experiences to improve health care professionals’ clinical expertise and practice. These experiences facilitate the development of enhanced critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills without risks to patients. This article discusses how to integrate actors and students into simulated experiences. Examples are provided using mental health simulations with actors as standardized psychiatric patients.
In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Used by
Traditional Healers of Western Cameroon
Authors: Zofou Denis , Tene Mathieu , Ngemenya Moses N. , Tane Pierre , Titanji Vincent P. K.
Published: April 2011

Medicinal plants play a key role in malaria control in Africa, especially in remote areas where health
facilities are limited. In order to assess their acclaimed potentials, eleven extracts were prepared from
seven selected plants commonly used in Western Cameroon, and tested both for their antiplasmodial
activity and cytotoxicity. The antiplasmodial activity was assessed using Lactate Dehydrogenase
Assay (pLDH) and the cytotoxicity estimated on LLC-MK2 monkey kidney epithelial cells. Seven
extracts from five different plants were significantly active, with very weak or no cytotoxicity. The
Dacryodes edulis leaves showed the highest activity (IC50 of 6.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and 8.2 μg/mL on
DD2) followed by the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina (IC50 of 8.72 and 11.27 μg/mL on 3D7 and
DD2 resp.) and roots of V. amygdalina (IC50 of 8.72 μg/mL on 3D7), Coula edulis leaves
(IC50 of 13.80 μg/mL and 5.79 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2 resp.), Eucalyptus globulus leaves
(IC50 of 16.80 μg/mL and 26.45 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2) and Cuviera longiflora stem bark (IC50 of
20.24 μg/mL and 13.91 μg/mL on 3D7 and DD2). These findings justify the use of five of the seven
plants in malaria treatment by traditional healers of Western Cameroon.
Potential Use of Stem Cells for Kidney Regeneration
Authors: Yokoo Takashi , Matsumoto Kei , Yokote Shinya
Published: April 2011

Significant advances have been made in stem cell research over the past decade. A number of nonhematopoietic sources of stem cells (or progenitor cells) have been identified, including endothelial stem cells and neural stem cells. These discoveries have been a major step toward the use of stem cells for potential clinical applications of organ regeneration. Accordingly, kidney regeneration is currently gaining considerable attention to replace kidney dialysis as the ultimate therapeutic strategy for renal failure. However, due to anatomic complications, the kidney is believed to be the hardest organ to regenerate; it is virtually impossible to imagine such a complicated organ being completely rebuilt from pluripotent stem cells by gene or chemical manipulation. Nevertheless, several groups are taking on this big challenge. In this manuscript, current advances in renal stem cell research are reviewed and their usefulness for kidney regeneration discussed. We also reviewed the current knowledge of the emerging field of renal stem cell biology.
Frequency of Detection ofEscherichia coli,Salmonellaspp., andCampylobacterspp. in the Faeces of Wild Rats (Rattusspp.) in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Nkogwe Comfort , Raletobana Juliah , Stewart-Johnson Alva , Suepaul Sharianne , Adesiyun Abiodun
Published: April 2011

The study was conducted to determine the frequency of isolation ofSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157 in the faecal samples of rats trapped across the regional corporations in Trinidad and to assess their resistance to antimicrobial agents. A total of 204 rats were trapped for the detection of selected bacteria. Standard methods were used to isolateSalmonella,CampylobacterandE. coliO157. Characterization ofE. coliwas done on sorbitol MacConkey agar to determine non-sorbitol fermentation, blood agar to determine haemolytic and mucoid colonies and by usingE. coliO157 antiserum to determine O157 strain. The disc diffusion method was used to determine resistance to nine antimicrobial agents. Of the 204 rats, 4 (2.0%), 7 (3.4%) and 171 (83.8%) were positive forSalmonellaspp.,Campylobacterspp. andE. coli, respectively. Of the 171 isolates ofE. colitested 0 (0.0%), 25 (14.6%) and 19 (11.1%) were haemolytic, mucoid and non-sorbitol fermenters, respectively. All isolates were negative for the O157 strain. The frequency of resistance to the 9 antimicrobial agents tested was 75% (3 of 4) forSalmonella, 85.7% (6 of 7) ofCampylobacterspp. and 36.3% (62 of 171) forE. coli(;χ2).
CpG Island Methylation in Colorectal Cancer: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Curtin Karen , Slattery Martha L. , Samowitz Wade S.
Published: April 2011

The concept of a CpG island methylator phenotype, or CIMP, quickly became the focus of several colorectal cancer studies describing its clinical and pathological features after its introduction in 1999 by Toyota and colleagues. Further characterization of CIMP in tumors lead to widespread acceptance of the concept, as expressed by Shen and Issa in their 2005 editorial, “CIMP, at last.” Since that time, extensive research efforts have brought great insights into the epidemiology and prognosis of CIMP+ tumors and other epigenetic mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis. With the advances in technology and subsequent cataloging of the human methylome in cancer and normal tissue, new directions in research to understand CIMP and its role in complex biological systems yield hope for future epigenetically based diagnostics and treatments.
Correlation of Kennedy pathway efficiency with seed oil content of canola (Brassica napus L.) lines
Authors: Chen J. M. , Qi W. C. , Wang S. Y. , Guan R. Z. , Zhang H. S.
Published: April 2011

Chen, J. M., Qi, W. C., Wang, S. Y., Guan, R. Z. and Zhang, H. S. 2011. Correlation of Kennedy pathway efficiency with seed oil content of canola (Brassica napus L.) lines. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 251–259. The Kennedy pathway (KP) has been demonstrated to be crucial for seed oil accumulation. To answer whether the KP enzyme activities can explain seed oil content variation of conventional canola lines, six lines with three different levels of oil (high, middle and low) were tested for seed KP enzyme activities and hexose (2 sucrose+glucose+fructose) concentrations at 18, 25, 32, 39 and 46 d after pollination (DAP). The results showed that lines with high and middle seed oil content levels (HO and MO) had higher phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activities and higher sugar contents than the lines with low oil levels (LO). The lowest KP enzyme activity (LEA) for each combination of line and DAP can be regarded as indicator to the bioassembly efficiency. In most of the combinations, DGAT was the enzyme with LEA, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) or PAP acted as the enzyme with LEA in a few cases. Correlation analyses showed that peak values and averages of LEA in the lines were significantly correlated with seed oil content, indicating that KP enzyme efficiency is tightly associated with seed oil content.
Healthy Gaming – Video Game Design to promote Health
Authors: Fernandez-Luque L. , Tøllefsen T. , Brox E.
Published: April 2011

Background: There is an increasing interest in health games including simulation tools, games for specific conditions, persuasive games to promote a healthy life style or exergames where physical exercise is used to control the game.

Objective: The objective of the article is to review current literature about available health games and the impact related to game design principles as well as some educational theory aspects.

Methods: Literature from the big databases and known sites with games for health has been searched to find articles about games for health purposes. The focus has been on educational games, persuasive games and exergames as well as articles describing game design principles.

Results: The medical objectives can either be a part of the game theme (intrinsic) or be totally dispatched (extrinsic), and particularly persuasive games seem to use extrinsic game design. Peer support is important, but there is only limited research on multiplayer health games. Evaluation of health games can be both medical and technical, and the focus will depend on the game purpose. Conclusion: There is still not enough evidence to conclude which design principles work for what purposes since most of the literature in health serious games does not specify design methodologies, but it seems that extrinsic methods work in persuasion. However, when designing health care games it is important to define both the target group and main objective, and then design a game accordingly using sound game design principles, but also utilizing design elements to enhance learning and persuasion. A collaboration with health professionals from an early design stage is necessary both to ensure that the content is valid and to have the game validated from a clinical viewpoint. Patients need to be involved, especially to improve usability. More research should be done on social aspects in health games, both related to learning and persuasion.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a rare cause of rapid cognitive decline in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Costello I , Phadke R , Shah N
Published: April 2011

An immunocompromised patient with non-specific neurological symptoms and signs, along with rapid cognitive decline evolving over three to four weeks, can present a diagnostic challenge. Here we report rapidly progressive dementia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, who was subsequently diagnosed with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). This case illustrates the need for prompt investigations to consider an alternative diagnosis where significant history fails to yield an explanation. A diagnosis of sCJD drastically alters the prognosis in a subject with a well-controlled connective tissue disease who is otherwise fit and well.
Exploring Relationships Between Teaching Efficacy and Student Teacher – Cooperating Teacher Relationships
Authors: Edgar Don W. , Roberts T. Grady , Murphy Tim H.
Published: April 2011

Teaching efficacy beliefs of agricultural science student teachers, and their relationship with their cooperating teachers during field experiences, are variables that may affect the number of student teachers entering the profession. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects implementing structured communication between student teachers and cooperating teachers on student teachers’ self– perceived teaching efficacy, and the relationship between the student teacher and cooperating teacher. This study employed a quasi–experimental design with a non–random sample in a multiple time–series design. The average respondent in this study was a 23 year old white undergraduate female placed at a multiple placement cooperating center. Based on data from this study, it was concluded that structured communication did not affect teaching efficacy or the relationship between the student teacher and cooperating teacher.
Developing a Paradigm Model of Youth Leadership Development and Community Engagement: A Grounded Theory
Authors: Hastings Lindsay J. , Barrett Leverne A. , Barbuto Jr. , Bell Lloyd C.
Published: April 2011

This grounded theory study explored the impact of community engagement on how youth leaders develop. A paradigm model illustrating this developmental process is presented, which includes the conditions that empowered the youth to engage in their community, the strategies used by the youth and the adults in their work together, the conditions that helped/hindered those strategies, and the resulting outcomes. Results of the analysis indicated that individual connections, common sentiments, and being asked to engage were identified as the most salient causal conditions. The action taken by the youth and adult respondents mobilized those individual connections and common sentiments into social capital, which was then converted into individual and community outcomes.
Predictors of Job Satisfaction Among Selected Agriculture Faculty
Authors: Foor Ryan M. , Cano Jamie
Published: April 2011

The construct of job satisfaction is rooted in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s MotivatorHygiene Theory. The current study was conducted to ascertain the level of job satisfaction of faculty members specializing in agricultural communication, agricultural leadership, agricultural teacher education, and extension education and to determine which job factors are the greatest predictors of an individual’s overall job satisfaction. Survey research methods were utilized to collect data from members of the American Association for Agricultural Education with specializations in the aforementioned disciplines. The Three Factor Job Satisfaction Scale was used to measure faculty members’ level of satisfaction with the policy and administration, personal growth and satisfaction, and fiscal resources job factors as well as the level of overall job satisfaction. A 74% response rate was achieved. Descriptive and relational statistics were used to analyze the data. Overall, faculty members were moderately satisfied with their jobs, with the personal growth and satisfaction job factor explaining the greatest proportion of variance in overall job satisfaction scores. Department chairs and administrators should focus faculty professional development around the factors related to individuals’ personal growth and satisfaction.
Determinants of Pre-Service Students’ Choice to Teach Secondary Agricultural Education
Authors: Lawver Rebecca G. , Torres Robert M.
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to explain and predict the factors that influence senior-level agricultural education students’ choice to become a secondary agriculture teacher. The study focused on the extent to which beliefs and attitudes toward teaching influenced students’ intent to select teaching secondary agricultural education as a career. An adaptation of the FIT-Choice® Scale instrument was distributed to senior-level students enrolled at institutions with teacher development programs to certify secondary agriculture teachers within nine states. A total of 145 students completed the instrument. Overall, characteristics of sex, perceived agriculture experience compared to their peers, years enrolled in schoolbased agricultural education courses, years of FFA membership, participation in SAE, and years of 4-H membership were not significant predictors of intent to teach. However, two beliefs about teaching subconstructs (“teacher morale,” and “expert career”) were found to be significant predictors of students’ intent to teach. Similarly, four attitudinal sub-constructs (“fallback career,” “working with adolescents,” “intrinsic career value” and “job security”) were significant predictors of intent to teach. Eight percent of intent to teach can be accounted for by attitude when controlling for beliefs.
The Effect of an Interest Approach on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Engagement of High School Agricultural Science Students
Authors: Johnston Tiffany L. , Roberts T. Grady
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of using an interest approach at the beginning of a lesson on student knowledge, attitudes, and engagement in an agricultural science classroom. A total of four classes were randomly assigned and administered one lesson with an interest approach and one lesson without an interest approach. Following each lesson, the students’ knowledge and attitude were assessed. During each lesson, student engagement was measured. The content of the lessons was adapted from the LifeKnowledge curriculum (National FFA Organization, 2004). The conclusions of this study were contradictory. Overall, there was no difference in knowledge from the students who were exposed to interest approaches to those who were not. In addition, as a whole, there was no difference in attitude between the students who received exposure to an interest approach and those who did not. However, having an interest approach at the beginning of a lesson did make a difference in student engagement throughout a lesson, with students receiving an interest approach being more engaged. Recommendations and implications are provided.
Assessing Agricultural Literacy Elements of Project Food Land and People in K–5 Using the Food and Fiber Systems Literacy Standards
Authors: Powell David V. , Agnew David M.
Published: April 2011

Agricultural literacy has been evolving as a discipline for over 25 years. In agriculture, as other disciplines of education, the body of knowledge can be identified and measured by a set of standards. The Food and Fiber Systems Literacy Standards, developed in the 1990s, have been widely accepted as the standards for agricultural literacy. Also developed in the 1990s was an agricultural literacy curriculum, called Project Food Land and People (FLP). The FLP curriculum, consisting of 55 units, is used in 27 states to teach science, math, social studies and language arts and to promote agricultural literacy in grades Pre–K through 12. This study uses the standards and benchmarks of the Food and Fiber Systems Literacy (F&FSL) to assess the extent to which FLP addresses the agricultural literacy standards for grade levels K–5. Although there were variations in the level of coverage, all standards and benchmarks of the F&FSL were addressed in the FLP units identified for grade groupings K-5. Congruence or incongruence, as measured by F&FSL standards and benchmarks, identified potential strengths and weaknesses to consider in revision of both curricula.
Origins of Injection-Site Sarcomas in Cats: The Possible Role of Chronic Inflammation—A Review
Authors: Woodward Kevin N.
Published: April 2011

The etiology of feline injection-site sarcomas remains obscure. Sarcomas and other tumors are known to be associated with viral infections in humans and other animals, including cats. However, the available evidence suggests that this is not the case with feline injection-site sarcomas. These tumors have more in common with sarcomas noted in experimental studies with laboratory animals where foreign materials such as glass, plastics, and metal are the causal agent. Tumors arising with these agents are associated with chronic inflammation at the injection or implantation sites. Similar tumors have been observed, albeit infrequently, at microchip implantation sites, and these also are associated with chronic inflammation. It is suggested that injection-site sarcomas in cats may arise at the administration site as a result of chronic inflammation, possibly provoked by adjuvant materials, with subsequent DNA damage, cellular transformation, and clonal expansion. However, more fundamental research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Crushing Behavior of Thin-Walled Hexagonal Tubes with Partition Plates
Authors: Chen Dai-Heng , Masuda Kenichi
Published: April 2011

The crushing behaviour of hexagonal thin-walled tube with partition plates
subjected to axial compression is studied by using finite element method. It is found that,
in the crushing process, the folds, which generate along the full length of the tube, come
to be crushed simultaneously and the compressive load will not descend, since the
compressive load produced in the central part does not descend with the folds forming on
outer walls. Therefore, in order to suppress a fluctuation of the compression load in
crushing of the tube and to raise its average compression load, it is an effective method to
introduce corner parts, especially corner parts where three plates intersect, in the
geometry of the thin-walled tube.
Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum Presenting as a Majocchi Granuloma
Authors: Kurian Anil , Haber Richard M.
Published: April 2011

Background. Wrestlers are at increased risk of developing cutaneous infections, including fungal infections caused by dermatophytes. Erythematous lesions due to tinea infections can be mistakenly diagnosed as an inflammatory dermatitis and incorrectly treated with potent topical corticosteroid treatments which cause localized skin immunosuppression. This can eventuate in a Majocchi granuloma which then becomes refractory to topical antifungal therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case of tinea corporis gladiatorum presenting as a Majocchi granuloma.
Observations. A 20-year-old wrestler presented with a 4-year history of a large pruritic, scaly erythematous plaque with follicular papules, and pustules on his right forearm. The lesion had the clinical appearance of a Majocchi granuloma. He had been treated with potent topical corticosteroids and topical antifungal therapy. KOH and fungal culture of the lesion were negative. An erythematous scaly lesion in the scalp was cultured and grew Trichophyton tonsurans. Oral Terbinafine therapy was initiated and complete resolution of both lesions occurred within 6 weeks.
Conclusion. The purpose of this report is to inform dermatologists that tinea corporis gladiatorum can present as a Majocchi granuloma and needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent skin lesions in wrestlers.
Effect of Welding Parameters on the Peak Load and Energy Absorption of Low-Carbon Steel Resistance Spot Welds
Authors: Pouranvari M.
Published: April 2011

Effect of process variables (electrode pressure, holding time, welding current, and welding time) on low-carbon steel resistance spot welds performance has been investigated in this paper. Failure mode, peak load, and maximum energy obtained in tensile-shear test have been used to describe spot welds performance. Excessive electrode pressure can reduce both peak load and maximum energy, considerably. Holding time does not significantly affect peak load and maximum energy for investigated material. Increasing welding time and welding current to some extent increases both peak load and maximum energy. However, excessive welding time and welding current not only do not increase weld nugget size and peak load, but also decrease maximum energy.
Medical Students' Participation in the 2009 Novel H1N1 Influenza Vaccination Administration: Policy Alternatives for Effective Student Utilization to Enhance Surge Capacity in Disasters
Authors: Kaiser Heather E. , Barnett Daniel J. , Hayanga Awori J. , Brown Meghan E. , Filak Andrew T.
Published: April 2011

As cases of 2009 novel H1N1 influenza became prevalent in Cincinnati, Ohio, Hamilton County Public Health called upon the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine to enhance its surge capacity in vaccination administration. Although the collaboration was well organized, it became evident that a system should exist for medical students' involvement in disaster response and recovery efforts in advance of a disaster. Therefore, 5 policy alternatives for effective utilization of medical students in disaster-response efforts have been examined: maintaining the status quo, enhancing the Medical Reserve Corps, creating medical school–based disaster-response units, using students within another selected disaster-response organization, or devising an entirely new plan for medical students' utilization. The intent of presenting these policy alternatives is to foster a policy dialogue around creating a more formalized approach for integrating medical students into disaster surge capacity–enhancement strategies. Using medical students to supplement the current and future workforce may help substantially in achieving goals related to workforce requirements. Discussions will be necessary to translate policy into practice.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:150–153)
Storage and Handling Guidelines for Custom Peptides
Authors: Turner Amanda , Radburn‐Smith Katy , Mushtaq Adeel , Tan Linda
Published: April 2011

Synthetic custom peptides offer a rational, scalable, and ever more affordable approach for exploring protein‐protein interactions or even more complex phenomena, such as immune responses directed against specific epitopes. As the use of such peptides increases, it becomes increasingly important to consider all relevant factors when designing and using peptides. This unit aims to provide guidelines for the storage and handling of custom peptides, to enable the user to achieve optimal results when using peptides in their experiments. It also discusses the implications of the presence of certain amino acids in the peptide sequence and suggests design considerations to help achieve desired outcomes. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 64:18.12.1‐18.12.7. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Brief Pause between a Tagline and Brand Increases Brand Name Recognition and Preference
Authors: Mantonakis Antonia
Published: April 2011

This paper explores the outcome of the visual encoding of brands in meaningful sentences (i.e. in taglines) on brand name recognition and preference. In this paper, it is shown that, above and beyond the role of conceptual priming during encoding at increasing recognition memory, there is a role of creating a temporal delay, or pause, between meaningful cues in the sentence and a key word (Experiment 1) or brand (Experiments 2a and 3) on memory. The pause is also associated with increased preference towards brands (Experiment 2b). These findings demonstrate a new way to enhance recognition of brand names that is not due to a pure generation effect but rather by increasing attention, which increases processing fluency of the target. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge‐Separation Dynamics in Inorganic–Organic Ternary Blends for Efficient Infrared Photodiodes
Authors: Jarzab Dorota , Szendrei Krisztina , Yarema Maksym , Pichler Stefan , Heiss Wolfgang , Loi Maria A.
Published: April 2011

Knowledge about the working mechanism of the PbS:P3HT:PCBM [P3HT=poly(3‐hexylthiophene), PCBM=[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester] hybrid blend used for efficient near‐infrared photodiodes is obtained from time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies. To understand the role of each component in the heterojunction, the PL dynamics of the ternary (PbS:P3HT:PCBM) blend and the binary (PbS:P3HT, PbS:PCBM and P3HT:PCBM) blends are compared with the PL of the pristine PbS nanocrystals (NCs) and P3HT. In the ternary blend the efficiency of the charge transfer is significantly enhanced compared to the one of PbS:P3HT and PbS:PCBM blends, indicating that both hole and electron transfer from excited NCs to the polymer and fullerene occur. The hole transfer towards the P3HT determines the equilibration of their population in the NCs after the electron transfer towards PCBM, allowing their re‐excitation and new charge transfer process.
Permanent and Peripheral Embolization: Temperature‐Sensitive p(N‐Isopropylacrylamide‐co‐butyl Methylacrylate) Nanogel as a Novel Blood‐Vessel‐Embolic Material in the Interventional Therapy of Liver Tumors
Authors: Zhao Yanbing , Zheng Chuansheng , Wang Qin , Fang Jianlin , Zhou Guofeng , Zhao Hui , Yang Yajiang , Xu Huibi , Feng Gansheng , Yang Xiangliang
Published: April 2011

Permanent and peripheral embolization is a requirement of embolic materials in the transcatheter arterial embolization of liver tumors. So far, it has been difficult to find materials that have both good flowability and high mechanical strength. In the present work, a temperature‐sensitive p(N ‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is explored as a novel blood‐vessel‐embolic material in the interventional therapy of liver tumors. With increasing temperature, the PIB nanogel dispersion sequentially exhibits three phase states; swollen gel, flowable sol, and finally shrunken gel. Iohexol, a nonionic X‐ray contrast agent, increases the volume‐phase transition temperature of the PIB nanogel and decreases the critical gelation concentration. Angiographical and histological studies on the embolization in the liver arteries of VX2 tumor‐bearing rabbits indicate that the PIB nanogel dispersion mixed with iohexol (designated as PIB‐I‐6150) completely occludes all levels of blood vessels, including peripheral vessels. In addition, data on tumor volume, necrosis level, and the number of metastatic foci indicate that PIB‐I‐6150 has better peripheral embolization than Lipiodol. Experiments concerning cytotoxicity, hemolysis, histology, and liver function indicate that PIB‐I‐6150 has good biocompability.
Surface Domain Structures and Mesoscopic Phase Transition in Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Authors: Kholkin Andrei , Morozovska Anna , Kiselev Dmitry , Bdikin Igor , Rodriguez Brian , Wu Pingping , Bokov Alexei , Ye Zuo‐Guang , Dkhil Brahim , Chen Long‐Qing , Kosec Marija , Kalinin Sergei V.
Published: April 2011

Relaxor ferroelectrics are a prototypical example of ferroic systems in which interplay between atomic disorder and order parameters gives rise to emergence of unusual properties, including non‐exponential relaxations, memory effects, polarization rotations, and broad spectrum of bias‐ and temperature‐induced phase transitions. Despite more than 40 years of extensive research following the original discovery of ferroelectric relaxors by the Smolensky group, the most basic aspect of these materials – the existence and nature of order parameter – has not been understood thoroughly. Using extensive imaging and spectroscopic studies by variable‐temperature and time resolved piezoresponse force microscopy, we find that the observed mesoscopic behavior is consistent with the presence of two effective order parameters describing dynamic and static parts of polarization, respectively. The static component gives rise to rich spatially ordered systems on the ∼100 nm length scales, and are only weakly responsive to electric field. The surface of relaxors undergoes a mesoscopic symmetry breaking leading to the freezing of polarization fluctuations and shift of corresponding transition temperature.
The Potential of Perylene Bisimide Derivatives for the Solubilization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene
Authors: Backes Claudia , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: April 2011

Carbon nanotubes and graphene are outstanding materials of the 21st century with a broad spectrum of applications. However, major challenges are faced such as the intrinsically low solubility of both sp2 carbon allotropes. To overcome this hurdle the potential of noncovalent functionalization is summarized with a special focus on the establishment of the perylene bisimide unit as aromatic anchor to the graphitic surface. Rational surfactant design is unmasked as the key to solubilization of the carbon allotropes, while at the same time tailoring their surface properties, or even electronic properties in a fully reversible fashion.
A study of dimensional, swelling, and gel changes in hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer mixtures of chitosan and their possible use as carriers for sustained release drug delivery
Authors: Efentakis M. , Stamoylis K.
Published: April 2011

The aim of this investigation was to study and estimate the dimensional changes, gel evolution, swelling, and erosion of chitosan lactate mixture tablets with Polyox or Ethocel, in distilled water and 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCI) solution, using an image analysis method. This method permits the accurate measurement and evaluation of dimensional changes, core changes, and gel growth. All tablets displayed greater dimensional expansion in water than in HCI. The fastest and greatest swelling was exhibited in water, whereas, in contrast, the greatest erosion was observed in HCI. Chitosan/Polyox tablets exhibited greater expansion, swelling, and gel growth than the equivalent chitosan/Ethocel tablets. The thickness of the gel layer in chitosan/Polyox tablets, particularly, increased considerably with time up to 8 h, indicating that the development of a thick and durable gel barrier is a characteristic necessity for the preparation of sustained drug release delivery systems. In addition, the differentiation of the above‐mentioned characteristics in relation to changes in pH values also gives useful information about sustained release preparations made from these polymers, since it is well known that the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a range of pH values. In general, the polymer mixtures studied comprise a useful and promising combination of materials for the development and manufacturing of sustained release devices based on these polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 110–121, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20208
Microwave‐enhanced synthesis of graft copolymer of binary vinyl monomer mixtures onto acetylated Saccharum spontaneum L and characterization
Authors: Maiti Mithu , Kaith Balbir Singh , Jindal Rajeev , Jana Asim K.
Published: April 2011

Synthesis of graft copolymer under the influence of microwave radiation is a rapid, efficient, clean, cheap, convenient, energy‐saving, and green method. Grafting of methylmethacrylate (MMA) + acrylamide (AAm), MMA + acrylonitrile (AN), and MMA + acrylic acid (AA) binary mixtures onto acetylated Saccharum spontaneum L was carried out under the influence of microwave radiation (MWR), and maximum graft yield 94.5% was found with MMA + AAm binary mixture. Synthesized graft copolymers were characterized with FT‐IR, scanning electron microscopy, TGA/DTA/DTG, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Thermal stability of Ss‐g‐poly(MMA + AAm) was found to be more than that of acetylated S. spontaneum fiber and other graft copolymers. Although on grafting, percentage crystallinity and crystallinity index decreased but graft copolymers were found to exhibit more moisture, chemical, and thermal resistance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 122–137, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20209
Dynamic rheological behavior and morphology of polylactide/poly(butylenes adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blends with various composition ratios
Authors: Li Ke , Peng Jun , Turng Lih‐Sheng , Huang Han‐Xiong
Published: April 2011

Polylactide (PLA)/poly(butylenes adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends with various composition ratios were prepared via melt compounding using a twin‐screw extruder. The dynamic rheological behavior and morphology of the blends were studied using a parallel‐plate rheometer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The results showed that the shear‐thinning tendency of blends became stronger with increasing PBAT content. Moreover, at low frequencies, the complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus for blends with 20 wt% PBAT content were higher than that of other samples when PBAT content was less than 50 wt%. Based on SEM images, three distinct morphologies—spherical droplet, elongated fibrous structure, and co‐continuous structure—were observed as the content of PBAT increased from 5 to 50 wt%. When the PBAT content reached 70 wt% and above, the morphology became droplets again, with PLA droplets dispersing within the PBAT matrix. In addition, the PLA droplets in the PBAT/PLA (80/20 w/w) blend were smaller and more regular than the PBAT droplets in the PLA/PBAT (80/20 w/w) blend, despite the same composition ratio. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 150–157, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20212
Carbon fiber fabric reinforced PPS laminates: Influence of temperature on mechanical properties and behavior
Authors: Vieille B. , Aucher J. , Taleb L.
Published: April 2011

This paper is aimed at investigating the influence of temperature on mechanical properties and behavior of carbon fiber fabric reinforced polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) laminates subjected to different loadings: tensile, open hole tensile, in‐plane shear, compressive, flexural, interlaminar shear, single‐bolt double lap joint, and single‐bolt single lap joint tests. The resulting experimental database is of the utmost importance for generating design allowables for structures integrating such thermoplastic‐based composites. Depending on the test and the laminate's staking sequence, a temperature increase higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg = 98°C of fiber fabric reinforced PPS laminates softens the matrix behavior and significantly degrades the quality of the adhesion at the fiber/matrix interface, resulting in reduced mechanical properties (in‐plane shear, compressive, flexural and interlaminar shear). However, it does not seem to be detrimental for the tensile and the double lap joint's properties in quasi‐isotropic laminates. In angle‐ply laminates, the ductile behavior of the PPS matrix is exacerbated at high temperature resulting in larger plastic deformations and a lesser hole sensitivity of this material. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 80–95, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20239