bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farm Forestry in Agricultural Southern Ontario, ca. 1850-1940: Evolving Strategies in the Management and Conservation of Forests, Soils and Water on Private Lands
Authors: Bowley Patricia
Published: May 2016

Early settlers in southern Ontario aspired to become prosperous land-owning farmers; they began by cutting trees. Within a few decades, wind and water, unimpeded by forest cover, devastated soil and crops. Farmers were encouraged by groups such as the Ontario Fruit Growers’ Association to reforest some of their land. Farm forestry, as part of scientific agriculture, had a strong beginning in the early 1900s with the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, but that movement was poorly supported until the 1930s, when the relationship between deforestation and water supplies reached a crisis. The Ontario Conservation and Reforestation Association (OCRA) and the Ontario Crop Improvement Association (OCIA) were created in agricultural southern Ontario in 1937-8 after a disastrously hot dry summer. Each organization interpreted the conservation of natural resources in profoundly different ways: the OCRA as a movement to create forest resources on public property, and the OCIA as management of privately-owned farmlands to improve crop production.
From Design to Research: Upper Limb Prosthetic Research and Development in Canada, 1960-2000
Authors: Foord David J. A. , Kyberd Peter
Published: May 2016

This paper examines the history of the research and development (R&D) of myoelectric upper limb prosthesis in Canada from 1960 to 2000. It focuses on two of the prosthetic research and training units (PRTUs) that were created and funded by the federal government as a result of the Thalidomide tragedy: the Rehabilitation Centre at the Ontario Crippled Children’s Centre (OCCC) and successor organizations, and the University of New Brunswick’s (UNB) Institute of Biomedical Engineering (the Institute or IBME). Both developed commercial systems for myoelectrically controlled arms and hands. We argue that, in contrast to the common view that research in universities and public research institutions has increasingly moved away from basic problems and to product development and commercialization over the period, research in this field has moved in the opposite direction. We explore these cases in detail and examine the forces at work in this change from a design-oriented approach to one that became research intensive.
Exhibition Note: Lines in the Ice at the British Library
Authors: Hatfield Philip
Published: May 2016

During the winter of 2014-15 the British Library ran a medium-sized exhibition in its Entrance Hall Gallery, Lines in the Ice: Seeking the Northwest Passage. Fortuitously benefiting from news in the summer of 2014 about the location of HMS Erebus, one of the ships from the fateful expedition of Sir John Franklin, the exhibition sought to take a long view of the history of polar exploration, particularly in the Canadian Arctic. In so doing, the aim of the exhibition was to explore the circumstances which have maintained European and North American interest in the Arctic, from trade to resources and geopolitics. The exhibition sought to ask how this has developed and what effect it has had on the societies of the explorers and the indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Within this historical narrative, science, innovation and technology played an important role. This note considers how the exhibition developed our understanding of the historic and contemporary significance of science and its practice in the Arctic.
A Survey of Ethics Curriculum in Canadian Initial Teacher Education
Authors: Maxwell Bruce , Tremblay-Laprise Audrée-Anne , Filion Marianne
Published: May 2016

This paper reports the results of a survey on ethics education in initial teacher education in Canada. Using an online survey and an academic calendar analysis, data was collected on ethics course requirements, perceptions about ethics content, institutional factors mediating the implementation of ethics courses, and teaching and learning objectives. Unexpectedly, the results showed that a required ethics course is as common in teacher education in Canada as it is in medical education and that an ethics curriculum is regarded highly by Canadian teacher educators as an aspect of teacher education. The paper concludes by suggesting directions for future research and underlining the need for network building in the area of ethics education for teachers in Canada.
The Complexities of Neutrality in Teaching Religious Education: The Ethics and Religious Culture Program as Case Study
Authors: Zaver Arzina
Published: May 2016

In 2008, the Québec Ministry of Education introduced the Ethics and Religious Culture (ERC) program. Though the ERC is a positive step forward in promoting and fostering much-needed religious literacy skills, the implications of a “neutral” professional posture asked of its teachers have been difficult to translate into the classroom. Neutrality is seen to infringe on a teacher’s sense of autonomy and authenticity. This article traces the concept of neutrality in Québec back to the state policies, showing that neutral pedagogy contradicts the ethics of religious sensitivity and religious literacy that Québec is seemingly promoting. It concludes by offering a more balanced approach to the teaching of religion in the classroom.
Éléments indicateurs de la laïcité dans le cadre de discussions d’enseignants sur l’éducation à la citoyenneté à l’école secondaire
Authors: Courtine Sinave Sylvie , Jutras France
Published: May 2016

Dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative sur l’éducation à la citoyenneté, les discussions d’enseignants du secondaire et d’universitaires sont analysées sous l’angle d’indicateurs de la laïcité, c’est-à-dire de la liberté de conscience et de culte liée à la tolérance, l’égalité des droits, la fraternité, l’émancipation, la séparation de l’Église et de l’État, le droit et l’ordre public juste. L’analyse des discussions permet de dégager que, selon ces intervenants, le rôle de l’école est primordial dans la gestion du social et que des valeurs reliées à la laïcité sont actualisées dans le cadre de l’enseignement de l’histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté au secondaire : la primauté du droit, l’émancipation, l’importance de l’espace public.
Evil, Agency, and Citizenship Education
Authors: den Heyer Kent , van Kessel Cathryn
Published: May 2016

We all have a sense of evil, but many of us do not ponder its nature or the ways in which our beliefs about evil shape what we teach and learn about the actions of citizens in historical or contemporary times. We argue that the word and concept of evil can be detrimental to the development of good citizens when it is used as a political and educational shibboleth to shut down critical thought about traumatic historical and contemporary events. Read through the work of Hannah Arendt and Alain Badiou, however, a pedagogical engagement with our understandings of evil offers an opportunity to learn from difficult events in a way that might inform contemporary action towards a less violent future.
L’exploitation financière des personnes aînées au Québec : le point de vue des professionnels
Authors: Rossi Catherine , Grenier Jennifer , Crête Raymonde , Stylios Alexandre
Published: May 2016

En ce qui a trait à l’exploitation financière des personnes aînées, les recherches scientifiques ont mis de l’avant le rôle important que peuvent jouer, en matière de détection ou de signalement, les professionnels qui travaillent au quotidien auprès des aînés : notaires, comptables, banquiers, travailleurs sociaux, médecins et avocats. Ces professionnels ont la possibilité de jouer un rôle de « sonde » auprès des aînés : à l’affût des signes de leur bien-être, ils sont aussi les mieux placés pour détecter des formes d’exploitation. Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires d’une enquête de terrain qualitative et exploratoire, menée au cours des années 2014 et 2015 auprès d’un échantillon total de 27 professionnels-« sondes », principalement de la région de Québec, enquête qui a permis de faire un bilan de la situation quant à leur volonté et, plus particulièrement, à leur capacité de détecter ou de signaler les situations potentiellement problématiques qu’ils constatent dans le cadre de leurs fonctions quotidiennes. Les résultats de la recherche permettent d’analyser les ressources, les manques et les besoins de ces acteurs, en plus de mettre en lumière l’ensemble des autres stratégies qu’ils déploient en vue de protéger leur clientèle vulnérable, tout en préservant les responsabilités professionnelles qu’ils doivent assumer.
Littératie financière : une solution efficace pour la protection des personnes aînées ?
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan
Published: May 2016

Les États se préoccupent de plus en plus de l’éducation financière tant la maîtrise des questions financières est devenue un sujet complexe. Il s’agit d’une préoccupation constante au Canada et au Québec depuis le milieu des années 2000. L’adoption récente au Canada de la stratégie nationale pour la littératie financière en témoigne. En dépit d’un consensus quasi unanime entourant la littératie financière aussi bien dans les milieux politiques qu’universitaires, celle-ci soulève de sérieuses interrogations quant à son efficacité, notamment lorsque le destinataire est une personne aînée. Les recommandations actuelles en matière de littératie financière répondent-elles adéquatement aux besoins de ses destinataires ? Ce choix de politique législative permet-il d’assurer une protection adéquate des personnes aînées et est-il susceptible de contrer l’exploitation financière dont elles peuvent faire l’objet ? L’accent mis sur le renforcement de la capacité à prendre des décisions financières éclairées doit-il être approuvé ?
L’encadrement des procurations accordées par les personnes aînées au Québec : une
appréciation critique
Authors: Normand-Heisler Marie-Josée
Published: May 2016

Les personnes aînées qui se trouvent dans une situation de vulnérabilité donnent
souvent une procuration à un proche, habituellement un gestionnaire néophyte, pour obtenir
une assistance dans la gestion de leurs affaires. Au Québec, les procurations sont régies
par les règles du Code civil du Québec relatives au mandat et à l’administration du
bien d’autrui. Dans cette recherche, nous analysons les décisions des tribunaux de droit
commun rendues en matière civile sur une période de 15 ans, afin de mettre en relief
l’inadéquation de ce corpus législatif comme instrument de prévention des manquements de la
part des mandataires appelés à gérer le patrimoine d’une personne aînée. En guise de
comparaison, notre étude rend compte des efforts déployés aux États-Unis pour proposer un
cadre législatif en vue de mieux répondre aux besoins de protection des personnes aînées
vulnérables dans le contexte spécifique de notre recherche.
The 1525 Rabbinic Bible and How to Read It: A Study of the Annotated Copy in the John Rylands Library
Authors: Williams Benjamin
Published: May 2016

Daniel Bombergs 1525 edition of the Rabbinic Bible is a typographical
masterpiece. It combines the text of the Hebrew Bible with Aramaic Targumim,
medieval Jewish commentaries and the Masoretic textual apparatus. As testified
by the numerous copies in the libraries of Jewish and Christian readers, this
was a popular edition that remained in demand long after its publication. This
article examines why and how readers studied the 1525 Rabbinic Bible by
analysing the annotated copy now in the John Rylands Library (shelfmark:
R16222). This particular copy furnishes detailed information about the reading
habits of past owners, including early-modern Ashkenazi Jews and
nineteenth-century English Hebraists. Studying how it has been used sheds light
on why readers selected this edition and how they studied the apparatus and
exegetical resources that Daniel Bomberg placed alongside the biblical text.
Necromancy and the Magical Reputation of Michael Scot: John Rylands Library, Latin MS 105
Authors: Gordon Stephen
Published: May 2016

Necromancy, the practice of conjuring and controlling evil spirits, was a popular
pursuit in the courts and cloisters of late medieval and early modern Europe.
Books that gave details on how to conduct magical experiments circulated widely.
Written pseudonymously under the name of the astrologer and translator Michael
Scot (d. 1236), Latin MS 105 from the John Rylands Library, Manchester, is
notable for the inclusion, at the beginning of the manuscript, of a corrupted,
unreadable text that purports to be the Arabic original. Other recensions of the
handbook, which generally travelled under the pseudo-Arabic title of Almuchabola
Absegalim Alkakib Albaon, also stressed the experiments non-Western origins.
Using Latin MS 105 as the main case study, this article aims to investigate the
extent to which a magic books paratextual data conveyed a sense of authority to
its contemporary audience.
Strain Effect Study on Mode Field Diameter and Effective Area of WII Type Single Mode Optical Fiber
Authors: Makouei S. , Makouei F.
Published: May 2016

In this article, the effect of strain on mode field diameter (MFD) and effective area (Aeff) in a modern multilayer WII type single mode optical fiber is investigated. The modal analysis of the fiber structure is based on linear polarized (LP) approximation method. The simulation results depict that both mode field diameter and effective area grow as a result of increment in tensile strain. The overall effect is observed in a slight rise in quality factor (Qf) of the fiber. Likewise, enlargement in amplitude of compressive strain leads to decrement in MFD and Aeff. However, among the optical and geometrical parameters of the fiber structure, Δ has the most considerable impact on both MFD and Aeff variation whilst R1 shows the least effect. In other words, any shift in the value allocated to Δ results in substantial change in the MFD and Aeff alteration due to strain. To eliminate this effect, the higher amounts for Δ are preferable which is related to the layering structure of the WII type optical fiber.
Sexing a sex-role-reversed species based on plumage: potential challenges in the red phalarope
Authors: Giroux Marie-Andrée , Ditlecadet Delphine , Martin Luc J. , Lanctot Richard B. , Lecomte Nicolas
Published: May 2016

Sex-role reversal, in which males care for offspring, can occur when mate competition is stronger between females than males. Secondary sex traits and mate attracting displays in sex-role-reversed species are usually more pronounced in females than in males. The red phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius) is a textbook example of a sex-role-reversed species. It is generally agreed that males are responsible for all incubation and parental care duties, whereas females typically desert males after having completed a clutch and may pair with new males to lay additional clutches. The breeding plumage of female red phalaropes is usually more brightly colored than male plumage, a reversed sexual dichromatism usually associated with sex-role reversal. Here, we confirm with PCR-based sexing that male red phalaropes can exhibit both the red body plumage typical of a female and the incubation behavior typical of a male. Our result, combined with previous observations of brightly colored red phalaropes incubating nests at the same arctic location (Igloolik Island, Nunavut, Canada), suggests that plumage dichromatism alone may not be sufficient to distinguish males from females in this breeding population of red phalaropes. This stresses the need for more systematic genetic sexing combined with standardized description of intersexual differences in red phalarope plumages. Determining whether such female-like plumage on males is a result of phenotypic plasticity or genetic variation could contribute to further understanding sex-role reversal strategies in the short Arctic summer.
REDE MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DE FLORIANÓPOLIS: FINANCIAMENTO E CODIÇÕES DE QUALIDADE
Authors: Bassi Marcos Edgar
Published: May 2016

O artigo examina a trajetória das matrículas e do financiamento da educação básica no Município de Florianópolis e focaliza a rede municipal de ensino no contexto da política de fundos entre 1996 e 2012. A pesquisa foi viabilizada pela seleção, organização e análise de dados financeiros extraídos dos demonstrativos dos recursos aplicados na educação cedidos pela secretaria municipal de educação da Prefeitura de Florianópolis e obtidos no sítio do Tribunal de Contas do Estado de Santa Catarina e dos microdados do Censo Escolar obtidos no sítio do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira. O crescimento da educação básica municipal observada no período contou com significativa expansão constante na disponibilidade de receitas, cujo gasto por aluno resultante permite supor que a rede municipal conta com uma base de financiamento suficiente para a oferta de educação básica em razoáveis condições de qualidade.
ARGUMENTAÇÃO EM FOCO: CONCEPÇÕES, REFLEXÕES E PRÁTICA DE UMA PROFESSORA DO ANO 5
Authors: Leal Telma Ferraz , Brandão Ana Carolina Perrusi , Guerra Severina Erika Morais Silva , Carvalho Edla Ferraz Correia
Published: May 2016

Por meio de um estudo de caso, buscou-se refletir, nesta pesquisa, sobre as concepções de uma professora sobre o ensino da argumentação. A docente foi observada durante dois meses, perfazendo um total de quinze aulas gravadas, em turnos de quatro horas. Após essa etapa, a professora foi entrevistada e solicitada a analisar, em voz alta, a transcrição de uma aula na qual outra professora propôs atividades dirigidas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades argumentativas. A análise das aulas e da entrevista revelou que a docente observada propiciava variadas propostas de leitura e escrita, aproximando os alunos de situações miméticas às vivenciadas pelos estudantes fora da escola, envolvendo a circulação de diferentes gêneros. No entanto, contemplava o ensino da argumentação de forma repetitiva: ler um texto, fazer perguntas e discutir. A concepção da docente era que tal procedimento seria suficiente para ensinar as crianças a argumentar. Não houve situações em que os estudantes fossem estimulados a se engajar em atividades de leitura e produção de textos para atender a finalidades sociais diversificadas, ou que tivessem que interagir com pessoas externas ao ambiente de sala de aula.  O estudo evidenciou que tal concepção pode resultar de uma reflexão pouco desenvolvida sobre os gêneros discursivos e práticas de linguagem na formação da docente.
PRODUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO: UMA ANÁLISE NO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO REGIONAL DA UTFPR CAMPUS PATO BRANCO
Authors: Rubin-Oliveira Marlize , Grike Fabiane
Published: May 2016

O trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa, cujo objetivo buscou compreender e analisar as experiências no processo de produção de conhecimento do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional (PPGDR) da UTFPR Campus Pato Branco. Para tanto, o recorte estabelecido foi à primeira turma do Programa que teve ingresso em março de 2010 e as defesas de dissertações ocorreram entre outubro de 2011 e abril de 2012. Realizou-se uma pesquisa com caráter qualitativo e como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados documentos do PPGDR, disponíveis na página da web da UTFPR (2013) e o Caderno de Indicadores (CAPES, 2010), visando compreender o objetivo e as linhas de pesquisa que o Programa abrange. Também foi realizado um levantamento dos Currículos Lattes na Plataforma Lattes (CNPq) dos egressos e seus respectivos orientadores, para identificar as áreas de conhecimento presentes no PPGDR. A partir das análises foi possível verificar que o conhecimento produzido se desenvolve nos diálogos disciplinares. Esses diálogos são percebidos pelos egressos principalmente nas relações que se estabelecem nas disciplinas que compõem o Programa e nas relações entre eles e os professores. No entanto, se ampliaram no diálogo com diferentes áreas na busca de solução de problemas complexos, os quais as dissertações se ocuparam.
ENSAIO COM BASE EM ESTUDOS PUBLICADOS SOBRE OS SABERES CONSTITUIENTES DA PROFISSIONALIDADE DO PROFESSOR DE BEBÊS
Authors: Silva José Ricardo , Favareto Cacheffo Viviane Aparecida Ferreira , Guimarães Célia Maria
Published: May 2016

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar, por meio do mapeamento bibliográfico de pesquisas nacionais, quais os saberes apontados como constituintes da profissionalidade de professores que atuam com bebês na creche. Como base de dados para esta investigação, optou-se pelos trabalhos publicados no banco de teses e dissertações das Universidades públicas do estado de São Paulo (USP, Unesp e Unicamp) e nas reuniões anuais da Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPED), mais especificamente no Grupo de Trabalho 7 – Educação de crianças de 0 a 6 anos e no Grupo de Trabalho 8 – Formação de Professores. O espaço-tempo determinado para esta investigação compreende o período entre 2000 e 2013. Dos estudos localizados e selecionados foram criadas categorias de análises de acordo com a temática abordada. Os dados encontrados foram analisados com base em teóricos que discutem profissionalidade (SACRISTÁN, 1991; GATTI 1997, 2010; MACHADO, 2000; CAMPOS, 2009; ROLDÃO 1998, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010; BARBOSA, 2009). A análise permitiu constatar que os saberes constituintes da profissionalidade dos professores de bebês abarcam a compreensão do bebê como centro do planejamento das ações e práticas educativas; a relação professor-bebê e interações afetivas e lúdicas; a organização e implementação de processos de formação continuada e/ou em serviço; a garantia da função da educação infantil – cuidar e educar e a organização do espaço-tempo. Demonstram, ainda, que o fazer docente envolve conhecimentos científicos, filosóficos, sociológicos que precisam ser lançados de forma a orientar as relações entre professor-bebê nos momentos de alimentação, banho, sono, músicas, brincadeiras, leituras, exploração e organização do ambiente, nos toques, no conhecimento corporal e até mesmo no olhar entre o bebê e o professor.
GÊNERO, SEXUALIDADE E A TEORIA QUEER NA EDUCAÇÃO: COLOCANDO EM QUESTÃO A HETERONORMATIVIDADE
Authors: Do Couto Junior Dilton Ribeiro
Published: May 2016

O objetivo deste texto é colocar em questão os limites e as contingências da heteronormatividade, buscando inspiração na teoria queer para propor uma pedagogia queer. As reflexões teóricas desenvolvidas neste texto são subsidiadas, principalmente, por estudos que investigam questões de gênero e sexualidade a partir da perspectiva queer. Dessa forma, propondo uma pedagogia queer que caminha numa linha de pensamento que problematiza os efeitos discursos produzidos pela ótica heteronormativa; esta ótica desqualifica os sujeitos que insistem em desafiar e resistir às normas regulatórias de gênero, privilegiando o modelo heterossexual como sendo a única forma possível e legítima de explorar os desejos e os prazeres corporais.
FEIRAS DE CIÊNCIAS NA ESCOLA
Authors: Bertoldo Raquel Roberta , Cunha Marcia Borin da
Published: May 2016

As Feiras de Ciências estão retornando ao espaço escolar e, em alguns casos, recebem incentivos externos para a sua continuidade. Procuramos verificar como e com que frequência essas feiras acontecem nas escolas de ensino médio da cidade de Toledo-PR. Realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das escolas e grupo focal com estudantes participantes das feiras. A partir da análise dos dados verifica-se que apenas 3 escolas, em um total de 14, realizam esse tipo de atividade. Quanto às escolas que fazem feiras de ciências, os estudantes afirmam gostar das feiras e a realizam em grupo, sendo que a participação garante nota parcial do bimestre. Os benefícios oriundos dessa atividade são amplos, mas salientamos que alguns cuidados devem ser tomados para melhores resultados.
DESENVOLVIMENTO, DIVERSIDADE E DESIGUALDADE DE GÊNERO NA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO DO NORTE E NORDESTE
Authors: Dias Alfrancio Ferreira
Published: May 2016

O proposito desse texto é discutir sobre o desenvolvimento, diversidade e as desigualdades de gênero na Pós-graduação em Educação do Norte e Nordeste. Buscou-se a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa e documental nos bancos de dados da CAPES, FORPRED-NN, ANPED, verificar como a perspectiva de gênero tem sido abordada nos processos de desenvolvimento da Pós-Graduação em Educação. Abordou-se algumas especificidades da Pós-Graduação e Educação das regiões Norte e Nordeste para identificar as diversidades e desigualdades que foram se configurando no processo de implementação e desenvolvimento dos Cursos Acadêmicos de Mestrados e Doutorados em Educação. Conclui-se refletindo sobre a necessidade de pensarmos a formação do pesquisador em educação pautada no contexto na diversidade cultural para incidir diretamente numa educação para a cidadania.
Benzodiazepine use, misuse, and abuse: A review
Authors: Schmitz Allison
Published: May 2016

Benzodiazepine (BZD) abuse has reached epidemic levels and results in poor outcomes, particularly when combined with concomitant central nervous system depressants. BZDs are abused most commonly in combination with opioids and alcohol. Emergency department visits and related deaths have soared in recent years. In the absence of other medications or illicit substances, BZDs are rarely the sole cause of death. Prescription drug abuse has received more attention in recent years, yet much remains unknown about BZD abuse. BZDs have low abuse potential in most of the general population. A subset is at elevated risk of abuse, especially those with a history of a substance use disorder. Education, prevention, and identification are vital in reducing BZD abuse.
The sensitivity of surface mass loading displacement response to perturbations in the elastic structure of the crust and mantle
Authors: Martens Hilary R. , Rivera Luis , Simons Mark , Ito Takeo
Published: April 2016

Surface mass loads generate a rich spectrum of deformation responses in the solid Earth that might be exploited to probe the material properties of the crust and mantle. Here we present a detailed examination of load‐induced surface displacements and their sensitivities to systematic perturbations in elastic Earth structure. We compute Love numbers and displacement load Green's functions (LGFs) by integrating the equations of motion for spheroidal deformation of a radially heterogeneous and self‐gravitating Earth. Sensitivity kernels are derived for individual Love numbers numerically using finite differences and quasi‐analytically using calculus of variations. We then generate sensitivity kernels for displacement LGFs by systematically perturbing the preliminary reference Earth model. We find that displacement LGFs are most sensitive to elastic structural perturbations within 500 km depth from the surface and for short source‐receiver distances. For separate perturbations to the shear modulus, bulk modulus, and density within the crust and mantle, the sensitivity kernels exhibit unique patterns, consistent with the possibility to constrain the parameters independently given a spatially distributed set of sufficiently accurate loading response observations. The sensitivity to density structure, however, is generally weak in comparison to elastic structure. We also examine the sensitivity of surface displacements caused by M2 ocean tidal loading (OTL) to systematic perturbations in the elastic moduli and density. Since OTL‐induced surface displacements are load and site dependent, we focus on high‐resolution profiles across Iceland as a case study. The sensitivity kernels constitute a key element in the formulation of the inverse problem with application to geodetic tomography.
Evaporation of NaCl solution from porous media with mixed wettability
Authors: Bergstad Mina , Shokri Nima
Published: April 2016

Evaporation of saline water from porous media is ubiquitous in many processes including soil salinization, crop production, and CO2 sequestration in deep saline acquirer. It is controlled by the transport properties of porous media, atmospheric conditions, and properties of the evaporating saline solution. In the present study, the effects of mixed wettability conditions on the general dynamics of water evaporation from porous media saturated with NaCl solution were investigated. To do so, we conducted a comprehensive series of evaporation experiments using sand mixtures containing different fractions of hydrophobic grains saturated with NaCl solutions. Our results showed that increasing fraction of hydrophobic grains in the mixed wettability sand pack had minor impact on the evaporative mass losses due to the presence of salt whose precipitation patterns were significantly influenced by the mixed wettability condition. Through macroscale and microscale investigations, we found formation of patchy efflorescence in the case of mixed wettability sand pack as opposed to crusty efflorescence in the case of completely hydrophilic porous media. Furthermore, the presence of salty water and hydrophobic grains in the sand pack significantly influenced the general dynamics and morphology of the receding drying front. Our results extend the understanding of the saline water evaporation from porous media with direct applications to various hydrological and engineering processes.
Epitaxy of Layered Orthorhombic SnS–SnSxSe(1−x) Core–Shell Heterostructures with Anisotropic Photoresponse
Authors: Xia Jing , Zhu Dandan , Li Xuanze , Wang Lei , Tian Lifeng , Li Jing , Wang Jingyuan , Huang Xing , Meng Xiang‐Min
Published: April 2016

Vertical and in‐plane heterostructures based on van der Waals (vdW) crystals have drawn rapidly increasing attention owning to the extraordinary properties and significant application potential. However, current heterostructures are mainly limited to vdW crystals with a symmetrical hexagonal lattice, and the heterostructures made by asymmetric vdW crystals are rarely investigated at the moment. In this contribution, it is reported for the first time the synthesis of layered orthorhombic SnS–SnSxSe(1−x) core–shell heterostructures with well‐defined geometry via a two‐step thermal evaporation method. Structural characterization reveals that the heterostructures of SnS–SnSxSe(1−x) are in‐plane interconnected and vertically stacked, constructed by SnSxSe(1−x) shell heteroepitaxially growing on/around the pre‐synthesized SnS flake with an epitaxial relationship of (303)SnS//(033)SnSxSe(1−x), [010]SnS//[100]SnSxSe(1−x). On the basis of detailed morphology, structure and composition characterizations, a growth mechanism involving heteroepitaxial growth, atomic diffusion, as well as thermal thinning is proposed to illustrate the formation process of the heterostructures. In addition, a strong polarization‐dependent photoresponse is found on the device fabricated using the as‐prepared SnS−SnSxSe(1−x) core–shell heterostructure, enabling the potential use of the heterostructures as functional components for optoelectronic devices featured with anisotropy.
Surface‐Driven Collagen Self‐Assembly Affects Early Osteogenic Stem Cell Signaling
Authors: Razafiarison Tojo , Silván Unai , Meier Daniela , Snedeker Jess G.
Published: April 2016

This study reports how extracellular matrix (ECM) ligand self‐assembly on biomaterial surfaces and the resulting nanoscale architecture can drive stem cell behavior. To isolate the biological effects of surface wettability on protein deposition, folding, and ligand activity, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based platform was developed and characterized with the ability to tune wettability of elastomeric substrates with otherwise equivalent topology, ligand loading, and mechanical properties. Using this platform, markedly different assembly of covalently bound type I collagen monomers was observed depending on wettability, with hydrophobic substrates yielding a relatively rough layer of collagen aggregates compared to a smooth collagen layer on more hydrophilic substrates. Cellular and molecular investigations with human bone marrow stromal cells revealed higher osteogenic differentiation and upregulation of focal adhesion‐related components on the resulting smooth collagen layer coated substrates. The initial collagen assembly driven by the PDMS surface directly affected α1β1 integrin/discoidin domain receptor 1 signaling, activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase pathway, and ultimately markers of osteogenic stem cell differentiation. We demonstrate for the first time that surface‐driven ligand assembly on material surfaces, even on materials with otherwise identical starting topographies and mechanical properties, can dominate the biomaterial surface‐driven cell response.
Retracted: Multifunctional Polymeric Nanosystems for Dual‐Targeted Combinatorial Chemo/Antiangiogenesis Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Dahmani Fatima Zohra , Xiao Yan , Zhang Juan , Yu Yao , Zhou Jianping , Yao Jing
Published: April 2016

Combination of antiangiogenesis and chemotherapy holds vast promise for effective inhibition of tumor proliferation and invasion. Herein, a multifunctional self‐assembled nanosystem consisting of amphiphilic c(RGDyK)‐functionalized low‐molecular‐weight heparin–gambogic acid conjugate (cRHG) is developed, using c(RGDyK) peptide as αvβ3 integrin targeting moiety to realize a double‐targeted delivery to both tumor cells and angiogenic vasculature. cRHG with a markedly decreased anticoagulant activity can self‐assemble into nanosized particles (around 150 nm). cRHG nanoparticles effectively inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐triggered tube‐like formation of HUVEC and neovascularization of subcutaneous Matrigel plugs. More importantly, the targeting ability of cRHG nanoparticles is revealed by their efficient internalization by αvβ3 integrin‐positive cells (U87MG and HUVEC) in vitro and obvious accumulation of Cy7/cRHG in the tumor site with strong fluorescence signals in both cancer cells and neovasculature. Besides, cRHG maintains the in vitro cytotoxic activity of gambogic acid, while achieving the highest in vivo antitumor activity in U87MG mouse xenograft model and displaying better safety profile than free drugs solutions. Mechanistic investigations reveal the substantial inhibition of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha, VEGF, and CD31 expression by cRHG nanoparticles with remarkable down‐regulation of VEGFR2 phosphorylation. These results suggest that cRHG nanoparticles provide a versatile nanoplatform for efficacious combinatorial tumor therapy.
Direct Mechanical Stimulation of Stem Cells: A Beating Electromechanically Active Scaffold for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gelmi Amy , Cieslar‐Pobuda Artur , de Muinck Ebo , Los Marek , Rafat Mehrdad , Jager Edwin W. H.
Published: April 2016

The combination of stem cell therapy with a supportive scaffold is a promising approach to improving cardiac tissue engineering. Stem cell therapy can be used to repair nonfunctioning heart tissue and achieve myocardial regeneration, and scaffold materials can be utilized in order to successfully deliver and support stem cells in vivo. Current research describes passive scaffold materials; here an electroactive scaffold that provides electrical, mechanical, and topographical cues to induced human pluripotent stem cells (iPS) is presented. The poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) fiber scaffold coated with conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) is capable of delivering direct electrical and mechanical stimulation to the iPS. The electroactive scaffolds demonstrate no cytotoxic effects on the iPS as well as an increased expression of cardiac markers for both stimulated and unstimulated protocols. This study demonstrates the first application of PPy as a supportive electroactive material for iPS and the first development of a fiber scaffold capable of dynamic mechanical actuation.
A novel multiscale approach for rapid prediction of phase behaviors with consideration of molecular conformations
Authors: Yang Li , Chang Chih‐Wei , Lin Shiang‐Tai
Published: April 2016

The conformational distribution of flexible molecules may have a significant influence on its physical properties and phase behaviors. While atomistic molecular simulations naturally include conformational changes, they are often computationally expensive and require separate simulations for each state condition. Conversely, an equation of state (EOS) provides a rapid description for a variety of fluid properties over the whole phase space; however, because of the ignorance of molecular structure, it is difficult to obtain the interaction parameters from first‐principles. Here we propose a multiscale approach for simultaneous predictions of fluid properties and molecular conformational distribution. The PR+COSMOSAC EOS is used to provide the fugacity of chemical species in a mixture. The electrostatic and dispersion interactions in the EOS are determined from quantum‐mechanical solvation calculations and molecular dynamics simulations at a few state points. The conformational transitions are considered as chemical reactions with the equilibrium constant determined from ab initio G4 calculations. With all the EOS parameters obtained from molecular simulations at different scales, subsequent phase equilibrium predictions can be achieved within milliseconds. We validated this approach using 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE), whose dipole moment varies from 6.34 × 10−30 C·m in the gauche‐form to 0 in the trans‐form. Our results show that this approach provides not only accurate predictions for the vapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibrium of DCE‐containing fluids but also quantitative descriptions of conformational distribution of DCE in these systems. This novel method can be very useful for the prediction of thermodynamic properties of fluids with explicit inclusion of molecular conformations. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4047–4054, 2016
Disease, treatment, and outcome differences between men and women with follicular lymphoma in the United States
Authors: Nabhan Chadi , Zhou Xiaolei , Day Bann‐Mo , Dawson Keith , Zelenetz Andrew D. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Cerhan James R. , Link Brian K. , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: April 2016

We aimed to comprehensively study sex differences in disease and patients' characteristics, treatment and outcomes in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) in the United States (USA) utilizing the National LymphoCare Study registry (2004–2014). Among evaluable males (n = 1277) and females (n = 1375) with FL, females less commonly received anthracyclines and were more likely to receive rituximab monotherapy. Overall response rates were comparable between sex groups. With a median follow‐up of 8.1 years, male sex emerged as an adverse factor for PFS (HR, 0.84, 95% CI, 0.72–0.97). Lymphoma‐related mortality (HR, 0.46; 0.23–0.93) and overall survival (HR, 0.63; 0.41–0.97) favored females aged ≤60 years. There are subtle differences in outcomes between male and female FL patients diagnosed and treated in the contemporary era. These data represent the largest prospective analysis of FL patients in the USA based on sex and can aid design of clinical trials for this disease. Am. J. Hematol. 91:770–775, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frederik Ruysch (1638–1731): Historical perspective and contemporary analysis of his teratological legacy
Authors: Boer Lucas , Radziun Anna B. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan
Published: April 2016

The Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) in Saint Petersburg is the oldest museum in Russia. It keeps the remains of the anatomical collection of the world‐famous 17th century Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch. This unique collection was bought and shipped in 1717 by Czar Peter the Great, and presently still comprises more than 900 specimens, a modest number of which concerns specimens with congenital anomalies. We searched for teratological clues in the existing collection and in all his descriptions and correspondence regarding specimens and cases he encountered during his career as doctor anatomiae and chief instructor of the surgeons and midwives in Amsterdam. A total of 63 teratological specimens and case descriptions were identified in this legacy, including some exceedingly rare anomalies. As it turns out, Ruysch was the first to describe several of the conditions we encountered, including intracranial teratoma, enchondromatosis, and Majewski syndrome. Although his comments pose an interesting view on how congenital anomalies were scientifically perceived in early 18th century Europe, Ruysch mostly refrained from explaining the causes of the conditions he encountered. Instead, he dedicated himself to careful descriptions of his specimens. Almost 300 years after his demise, Ruysch's legacy still impresses and inspires both scientists and lay men. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pregnancy after aortic root replacement in Loeys–Dietz syndrome: High risk of aortic dissection
Authors: Braverman Alan C. , Moon Marc R. , Geraghty Patrick , Willing Marcia , Bach Christopher , Kouchoukos Nicholas T.
Published: April 2016

Loeys–Dietz syndrome due to mutations in TGFBR1 and 2 is associated with early and aggressive aortic aneurysm and branch vessel disease. There are reports of uncomplicated pregnancy in this condition, but there is an increased risk of aortic dissection and uterine rupture. Women with underlying aortic root aneurysm are cautioned about the risk of pregnancy‐related aortic dissection. Prophylactic aortic root replacement is recommended in women with aortopathy and aortic root dilatation to lessen the risk of pregnancy. There is limited information in the literature about the outcomes of pregnancy after root replacement in Loeys–Dietz syndrome. We present a case series of three women with Loeys–Dietz syndrome who underwent elective aortic root replacement for aneurysm disease and subsequently became pregnant and underwent Cesarean section delivery. Each of these women were treated with beta blockers throughout pregnancy. Surveillance echocardiograms and noncontrast MRA studies during pregnancy remained stable demonstrating no evidence for aortic enlargement. Despite the normal aortic imaging and careful observation, two of the three women suffered acute aortic dissection in the postpartum period. These cases highlight the high risk of pregnancy following aortic root replacement in Loeys–Dietz syndrome. Women with this disorder are recommended to be counseled accordingly. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones Leading to the Formation of Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Diazenes
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno
Published: April 2016

The copper‐catalyzed azomethine trifluoromethylation of ketone‐derived hydrazones with Togni′s hypervalent iodine(III)‐CF3 reagent is described. The reaction gives rise to quaternary α‐trifluoromethyl diazenes under mild conditions and is proposed to proceed via a radical process.
Prior facility affects alopecia in adulthood for rhesus macaques
Authors: Kroeker Rose , Lee Grace H. , Bellanca Rita U. , Thom Jinhee P. , Worlein Julie M.
Published: April 2016

Alopecia has proven to be a persistent problem for captive macaques; many cases continue to elude explanations and effective treatments. Although almost all captive populations exhibit alopecia rates higher than those seen in the wild, there also appear to be wide ranges in rates reported across primate facilities. In this study we looked at alopecia ratings for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) obtained from five primary suppliers and currently housed at the Washington National Primate Research Center (WaNPRC). There were significant differences in alopecia ratings based on prior facility, despite the fact that animals had left their prior facilities at least 10 months previously and 60% had left more than 2 years previously. Possible explanations for the facility effect may include longer than anticipated time lines for alopecia amelioration, early experience effects, and genetic contributions. Our results should provide a cautionary note for those evaluating alopecia, treatments for alopecia, and the current environments of alopecic animals. It is possible that not all alopecia is caused, or can be ameliorated, by changes in the immediate environment. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22551, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corrigendum to the Elementary Process Theory
Authors: Cabbolet Marcoen J.T.F.
Published: April 2016

To fully resolve Theseus' paradox in the framework of the Elementary Process Theory, this paper corrects its formalism and axiomatization.
Hochaktive Titanocen‐Katalysatoren für Epoxid‐Hydrosilylierungen – Synthese, Theorie, Kinetik, EPR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Henriques Dina Schwarz G. , Zimmer Katharina , Klare Sven , Meyer Andreas , Rojo‐Wiechel Elena , Bauer Mirko , Sure Rebecca , Grimme Stefan , Schiemann Olav , Flowers Robert A. , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: April 2016

Die einfache Erzeugung von Titanocen(III)‐Hydriden ermöglicht Epoxid‐Hydrosilylierungen mit geringen Katalysatormengen, hohen Ausbeuten und Selektivitäten in der Radikalreduktion. Die Untersuchung des Mechanismus mittels kinetischer, EPR‐spektroskopischer und theoretischer Methoden legt einen ungewöhnlichen Ruhezustand des Katalysators nahe, der zu einer inversen Reaktionsordnung im Epoxid führt.
Transfer of Electrophilic NH Using Convenient Sources of Ammonia: Direct Synthesis of NH Sulfoximines from Sulfoxides
Authors: Zenzola Marina , Doran Robert , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo , Bull James A.
Published: April 2016

A new system for NH transfer is developed for the preparation of sulfoximines, which are emerging as valuable motifs for drug discovery. The protocol employs readily available sources of nitrogen without the requirement for either preactivation or for metal catalysts. Mixing ammonium salts with diacetoxyiodobenzene directly converts sulfoxides into sulfoximines. This report describes the first example of using of ammonia sources with diacetoxyiodobenzene to generate an electrophilic nitrogen center. Control and mechanistic studies suggest a short‐lived electrophilic intermediate, which is likely to be PhINH or PhIN+.
Controlled Generation of Singlet Oxygen in Living Cells with Tunable Ratios of the Photochromic Switch in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Park Jihye , Jiang Qin , Feng Dawei , Zhou Hong‐Cai
Published: April 2016

Development of a photosensitizing system that can reversibly control the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) is of great interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently several photosensitizer–photochromic‐switch dyads were reported as a potential means of the 1O2 control in PDT. However, the delivery of such a homogeneous molecular dyad as designed (e.g., optimal molar ratio) is extremely challenging in living systems. Herein we show a Zr‐MOF nanoplatform, demonstrating energy transfer‐based 1O2 controlled PDT. Our strategy allows for tuning the ratios between photosensitizer and the switch molecule, enabling maximum control of 1O2 generation. Meanwhile, the MOF provides proximal placement of the functional entities for efficient intermolecular energy transfer. As a result, the MOF nanoparticle formulation showed enhanced PDT efficacy with superior 1O2 control compared to that of homogeneous molecular analogues.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dirhenadehydro[12]annulenes
Authors: Chen Jiangxi , Lee Ka‐Ho , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lin Zhenyang , Jia Guochen
Published: April 2016

The 12‐membered‐ring metallacycles [mer‐Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡C−}Cl(PMe2Ph)3)]2 (R=CMe3, 1‐adamantyl), which are organometallic analogues of antiaromatic octadehydro[12]annulene, are prepared by heating the methyl carbyne complexes mer‐Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡CH}(CH3)Cl(PMe2Ph)3. An intermolecular σ‐bond metathesis between the Re−CH3 bond and the acetylenic C−H bond is proposed for their formation.