bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD44 Expression Predicts Local Recurrence after Radiotherapy in Larynx Cancer
Authors: de Jong Monique C. , Pramana Jimmy , van der Wal Jacqueline E. , Lacko Martin , Peutz-Kootstra Carine J. , de Jong Jos M. , Takes Robert P. , Kaanders Johannes H. , van der Laan Bernard F. , Wachters Jasper , Jansen Jeroen C. , Rasch Coen R. , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F. , Grénman Reidar , Hoebers Frank J. , Schuuring Ed , van den Brekel Michiel W. , Begg Adrian C.
Published: September 2010

Purpose: To find molecular markers from expression profiling data to predict recurrence of laryngeal cancer after radiotherapy.

Experimental Design: We generated gene expression data on pre-treatment biopsies from 52 larynx cancer patients. Patients developing a local recurrence were matched for T-stage, subsite, treatment, gender and age with non-recurrence patients. Candidate genes were then tested by immunohistochemistry on tumor material from a second series of 76 patients. Both series comprised early stage cancer treated with radiotherapy alone. Finally, gene expression data of eight larynx cancer cell lines with known radiosensitivity were analyzed.

Results: Nineteen patients with a local recurrence were matched with 33 controls. Gene sets for hypoxia, proliferation and intrinsic radiosensitivity did not correlate with recurrence, whereas expression of the putative stem cell marker CD44 did. In a supervised analysis, probes for all three splice variants of CD44 on the array appeared in the top 10 most significantly correlated with local recurrence. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD44 expression on the independent validation series confirmed CD44's predictive potential. In 8 larynx cancer cell lines, CD44 gene expression did not correlate with intrinsic radiosensitivity although it did correlate significantly with plating efficiency, consistent with a relationship with stem cell content.

Conclusions: CD44 was the only biological factor tested which significantly correlated with response to radiotherapy in early stage larynx cancer patients, both at the mRNA and protein levels. Further studies are needed to confirm this and to assess how general these findings are for other head and neck tumor stages and sites. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5329–38. ©2010 AACR.
The ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter BCRP1/ABCG2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Cardiac Repair After Myocardial Infarction Via Modulation of Microvascular Endothelial Cell Survival and Function
Authors: Higashikuni Yasutomi , Sainz Julie , Nakamura Kazuto , Takaoka Minoru , Enomoto Soichiro , Iwata Hiroshi , Sahara Makoto , Tanaka Kimie , Koibuchi Nobutaka , Ito Sumito , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Sugiyama Yuichi , Hirata Yasunobu , Nagai Ryozo , Sata Masataka
Published: September 2010

Objective—

To clarify the impact of breast cancer resistance protein 1 (BCRP1)/ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) expression on cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and Results—

The ATP-binding cassette transporter BCRP1/ABCG2 is expressed in various organs, including the heart, and may regulate several tissue defense mechanisms. BCRP1/ABCG2 was mainly expressed in endothelial cells of microvessels in the heart. MI was induced in 8- to 12-week-old wild-type (WT) and Bcrp1/Abcg2 knockout (KO) mice by ligating the left anterior descending artery. At 28 days after MI, the survival rate was significantly lower in KO mice than in WT mice because of cardiac rupture. Echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and histological assessments showed that ventricular remodeling was more deteriorated in KO than in WT mice. Capillary, myofibroblast, and macrophage densities in the peri-infarction area at 5 days after MI were significantly reduced in KO compared with WT mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of BCRP1/ABCG2 resulted in accumulation of intracellular protoporphyrin IX and impaired survival of microvascular endothelial cells under oxidative stress. Moreover, BCRP1/ABCG2 inhibition impaired migration and tube formation of endothelial cells.

Conclusion—

BCRP1/ABCG2 plays a pivotal role in cardiac repair after MI via modulation of microvascular endothelial cell survival and function.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 Dysfunction Underlie Vascular Stiffness in Circadian Clock Mutant Mice
Authors: Anea Ciprian B. , Ali M. Irfan , Osmond Jessica M. , Sullivan Jennifer C. , Stepp David W. , Merloiu Ana M. , Rudic R. Daniel
Published: September 2010

Objective—

To determine if elasticity in blood vessels is compromised in circadian clock–mutant mice (Bmal1-knockout [KO] and Per-triple KO) and if matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) might confer these changes in compliance.

Methods and Results—

High-resolution ultrasonography in vivo revealed impaired remodeling and increased pulse-wave velocity in the arteries of Bmal1-KO and Per-triple KO mice. In addition, compliance of remodeled arteries and naïve pressurized arterioles ex vivo from Bmal1-KO and Per-triple KO mice was reduced, consistent with stiffening of the vascular bed. The observed vascular stiffness was coincident with dysregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Bmal1-KO mice. Furthermore, inhibition of MMPs improved indexes of pathological remodeling in wild-type mice, but the effect was abolished in Bmal1-KO mice.

Conclusion—

Circadian clock dysfunction contributes to hardening of arteries, which may involve impaired control of the extracellular matrix composition.
DOCK180 Is a Rac Activator That Regulates Cardiovascular Development by Acting Downstream of CXCR4
Authors: Sanematsu Fumiyuki , Hirashima Masanori , Laurin Mélanie , Takii Ryosuke , Nishikimi Akihiko , Kitajima Keiko , Ding Guo , Noda Mamiko , Murata Yuzo , Tanaka Yoshihiko , Masuko Sadahiko , Suda Toshio , Meno Chikara , Côté Jean-François , Nagasawa Takashi , Fukui Yoshinori
Published: September 2010

Rationale:

During embryogenesis, the CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)12 acts on endothelial cells to control cardiac development and angiogenesis. Although biological functions of CXCL12 are exerted in part through activation of the small GTPase Rac, the pathway leading from its receptor CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4 to Rac activation remains to be determined.

Objective:

DOCK180 (dedicator of cytokinesis), an atypical Rac activator, has been implicated in various cellular functions. Here, we examined the role of DOCK180 in cardiovascular development.

Methods and Results:

DOCK180 associates with ELMO (engulfment and cell motility) through the N-terminal region containing a Src homology 3 domain. We found that targeted deletion of the Src homology 3 domain of DOCK180 in mice leads to embryonic lethality with marked reduction of DOCK180 expression at the protein level. These mutant mice, as well as DOCK180-deficient mice, exhibited multiple cardiovascular abnormalities resembling those seen in CXCR4-deficient mice. In DOCK180 knocked down endothelial cells, CXCL12-induced Rac activation was impaired, resulting in a marked reduction of cell motility.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that DOCK180 links CXCR4 signaling to Rac activation to control endothelial cell migration during cardiovascular development.
Engrafting: The Image of Union in Calvin’s Commentary on John’s Gospel
Authors: Kim Sung-Sup
Published: September 2010

This essay examines the concept of union with Christ in Calvin’s theology. I focus on Calvin’s commentary on the Gospel of John 13-17 in which Calvin employs the organic aspects of engrafting in order to develop the doctrine of union with Christ. Although Calvin fully acknowledges the mystic nature of this union, he carefully prevents his doctrine from falling into that of mysticism. I explicate the different meanings with which Calvin uses the image of engrafting and the firm limits he places around it. The result shows how Calvin’s exegesis feeds into the development of a doctrine.
Understanding the Predictability of East Asian Summer Monsoon from the Reproduction of Land–Sea Thermal Contrast Change in AMIP-Type Simulation
Authors: Zhou Tianjun , Zou Liwei
Published: September 2010

Previous studies on the predictability of East Asian summer monsoon circulation based on SST-constrained Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP)-type simulations show that this phenomenon is reproduced with lower skill than other monsoon patterns. The authors examine the reason in terms of the predictability of land–sea thermal contrast change. In the observation, a stronger monsoon circulation is dominated by a tropospheric warming over East Asian continent and a cooling over the tropical western Pacific and North Pacific, indicating an enhancement of the summertime “warmer land–colder ocean” mean state. The tropospheric cooling over the tropical western Pacific and North Pacific, and the tropospheric warming over East Asian continent are reproducible in AMIP-type simulations, although there are biases over both the North Pacific and East Asia. The tropospheric temperature responses in the model indicate a reasonable predictability of the meridional land–sea thermal contrast; the zonal land–sea thermal contrast change is also predictable but shows bias over the region north to 25°N in North Pacific. The reproducibility of the meridional thermal contrast is higher than that of the zonal thermal contrast. An examination of the predictability of two commonly used monsoon indices reveals far different skills. The index defined as zonal wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa averaged over East Asia is highly predictable. The skill comes from the predictability of the meridional land–sea thermal contrast. Although the zonal thermal contrast change is mostly predictable except for the biases over the North Pacific, the monsoon index defined as zonal sea level pressure (SLP) difference across the East Asian continent and the North Pacific is unpredictable. The low skill is related to the index definition, which attaches more importance to the land SLP change. The limitation of the index in measuring the land SLP change reduces the model skill. Although regional features of monsoon precipitation changes remain a challenge for current climate models, the predictable land–sea thermal contrast change sheds light on monsoon circulation prediction.
Changes in Temperature and Salinity Tendencies of the Upper Subtropical North Atlantic Ocean at 24.5°N
Authors: Vélez-Belchí Pedro , Hernández-Guerra Alonso , Fraile-Nuez Eugenio , Benítez-Barrios Verónica
Published: September 2010

Strong interest in multidecadal changes in ocean temperature and heat transport has resulted in the occupation of the North Atlantic Ocean hydrographic transect along 24.5°N five times since 1957, more than any other transoceanic section in the world. This latitude is chosen because it is where the northward ocean transport of heat in the Atlantic reaches its maximum. An analysis of the five oceanographic cruises at this latitude shows that there has been a significant cooling of −0.15°C in the upper ocean (600–1800-dbar range) over the last 7 years, from 1998 to 2004, which is in contrast to the warming of 0.27°C observed from 1957 to 1998. Salinity shows a similar change in tendency, with freshening since 1998. For the upper ocean at 24.5°N, 1998 was the warmest and saltiest year since 1957. Data from the Argo network are used to corroborate the strong cooling and freshening since 1998, showing a −0.13°C cooling in the period between 1998 and 2006 and revealing interannual variability between 2005 and 2008 to be much smaller than the decadal variability estimated using the transect. The results also demonstrate that Argo is an invaluable tool for observing the oscillations in the tendencies of the ocean.
On the Transport of Buoyant Coastal Plumes
Authors: Pimenta Felipe M. , Kirwan A. D. , Huq Pablo
Published: September 2010

The role of discharge conditions and shelf geometry on the transport of coastal plumes is studied with a fully nonlinear, primitive equation hydrodynamic model. The physical setting is an estuarine channel with a small discharge Rossby number. By simulating different discharge magnitudes, buoyant plumes are shown to be succinctly described by a simple coastal front model. Three results emerge from the model analysis. First, the plume transport is given by T = γ0(g′ph2/2f ), where γ0 is a parameter dependent on the ratio of the front and the plume widths, g′p is the plume reduced gravity, h is the plume maximum depth, and f is the Coriolis parameter. Second, this model links the plume transport directly to upstream river conditions with T = γQr, where Qr is the river outflow and γ is a parameter that relates to entrainment, the geometry of the plume front and shelf slope, and the fraction of freshwater carried downshelf. Third, these equations reduce to analytic results previously established for special cases, providing useful formulas to estimate the plume transport from hydrographic and river discharge observations.
Patient Handoffs: Pediatric Resident Experiences and Lessons Learned
Authors: McSweeney Maireade E. , Lightdale Jenifer R. , Vinci Robert J. , Moses James
Published: September 2010

Background: Within pediatrics, there is a paucity of data on pediatric resident handoff systems. Methods: Seventy-seven of 139 eligible pediatric housestaff participated in a cross-sectional survey that was distributed at an annual residency fall retreat in September 2007. Results: Seventy-three percent of the respondents noted uncertainty regarding patient care plans due to receipt of an incomplete verbal handoff. Nursing questions, phone, and page interruptions were noted barriers to giving an effective verbal sign-out. Personal fatigue was also reported to affect the accuracy of housestaff’s written sign-outs more than verbal sign-outs (43% vs 23%, P = .026). Only 19% of the residents reported that written sign-outs were reflective of current patient information and care plans. Conclusion: Written and verbal patient handoffs were perceived by pediatric housestaff to be important parts of patient care but often incomplete. New systems that provide a more protected handoff environment, reduce housestaff fatigue, and standardize the handoff procedure may be useful.
Immigration and Students’ Relationship With Teachers
Authors: Peguero Anthony A. , Bondy Jennifer M.
Published: September 2010

Students’ relationship with teachers is a building block toward student progress and success. Little is known, however, about the relationships the children of immigrants have with their teachers, which is particularly relevant today in the midst of the current social, political, and economic debate over the influence of immigration in U.S. schools. Analyses, which draw from the public-use Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 and multiple regression analyses, indeed reveal imperative findings. Most notably, first-generation immigrant students report having strong relationships with teachers, but that relationship steadily deteriorates across immigrant generations. This article also discusses the importance of understanding the schooling of the children of immigrants in this nation’s educational system.
Who attends physical activity programmes in deprived neighbourhoods?
Authors: Withall J , Jago R , Fox K R
Published: September 2010

Objective: Physical activity can reduce the risk of several chronic diseases. Such diseases are most prevalent in economically-disadvantaged groups where physical activity levels are consistently lower. There is a need to engage disadvantaged groups in programmes to increase physical activity. This case study examined programmes on offer in a deprived area and the characteristics of those who participated.

Design: Case study.

Setting: The setting for this study was Southmead, a highly deprived suburb of Bristol with the city’s lowest life expectancy (75.3 years).

Method: Desk research and venue visits were used to assess provision of physical activity sessions. A questionnaire covering demographics, attendance patterns and communications channels was completed by 152 adult and adolescent session participants.

Results: In the study area, 37 activity sessions were offered. Only 45.4 per cent of attendees were resident in the study area. A mean of 17.5 attended community generated sessions, 22.6 special interest sessions and 6.7 local authority/trust classes. Locals were more likely to attend community generated sessions (49.3 per cent; 87.7 per cent of men) than those provided by the local authority (34.8 per cent; 13.3 per cent of men) (χ2 = 27.8, df = 2, P < .001). Word of mouth was the most common mechanism for building session awareness (local 57.8 per cent; non-local 62.9 per cent).

Conclusions: Local authority driven physical activity sessions in low-income communities have low levels of participation. Activities with roots in the community are most effective at attracting local participants, particularly men. The most common communication mechanism is word of mouth but whether this is due to lack of investment and expertise in other promotional techniques is not clear.
Suicide in Nazi Concentration Camps, 1933-9
Authors: Goeschel Christian
Published: September 2010

Too often histories of the concentration camps tend to be ignorant of the wider political context of nazi repression and control. This article tries to overcome this problem. Combining legal, social and political history, it contributes to a more thorough understanding of the changing relationship between the camps as places of extra-legal terror and the judiciary, between nazi terror and the law. It argues that the conflict between the judiciary and the SS was not a conflict between ‘good’ and ‘evil’, as existing accounts claim. Rather, it was a power struggle for jurisdiction over the camps. Concentration camp authorities covered up the murders of prisoners as suicides to prevent judicial investigations. This article also looks at actual suicides in the pre-war camps, to highlight individual inmates’ reactions to life within the camps. The article concludes that the history of the concentration camps needs to be firmly integrated into the history of nazi terror and the Third Reich.
Sociocultural Differences in Self-Construal and Subjective Well-Being: A Test of Four Cultural Models
Authors: Cheng Cecilia , Jose Paul E. , Sheldon Kennon M. , Singelis Theodore M. , Cheung Mike W. L. , Tiliouine Habib , Alao Amos A. , Chio Jasmine H. M. , Lui Jodie Y. M. , Woo Young Chun  , Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Hakuzimana Alex , Hertel Janine , Liu Jin-Tan , Onyewadume Mary , Sims Ceri
Published: September 2010

In this study, the authors tested four cultural models—independence, interdependence, conflict, and integration—that describe the hypothesized relationships between dimensions of self-construal and components of subjective well-being among individualistic and collectivistic countries. Collectivistic countries that have undergone rapid socioeconomic changes (i.e., East Asian countries) and those with limited changes (i.e., African countries) were differentiated. Participants were 791 university students from four Western countries, 749 university students from three East Asian countries, and 443 university students from three African countries. Findings provided some support for the applicability of (a) the independence model to individuals from Western countries and (b) the integration model to individuals from East Asian countries. Mixed results were found among the African countries. The interdependence model is more applicable to African participants from the sub-Saharan region, but the integration model is more applicable to those from the North African region.
Number of Siblings in Childhood Explains Cultural Variance in Autobiographical Memory in Cameroon, People’s Republic of China, and Germany
Authors: Bender Michael , Chasiotis Athanasios
Published: September 2010

In the present study, the authors set out to investigate whether number of siblings as a contextual ontogenetic factor can explain cultural variance in autobiographical memory (AM). After replicating the commonly found cultural differences in AM in samples from Asia (PR China, N = 77), Africa (Cameroon, N = 68), and Europe (Germany, N = 100), the authors demonstrate that the number of siblings has a substantial effect on AM variables. The cultural variance explained by the number of siblings ranges from 30% in the age of first memory to 99% in specificity and integration. These findings (a) point towards the necessity to include contextual variables in the investigation of cultural differences in AM and (b) highlight the importance of sensitive periods in early childhood for the development of AM.
The Impact of Adult Incarceration on Child Poverty: A County-Level Analysis, 1995-2007
Authors: DeFina Robert H. , Hannon Lance
Published: September 2010

Traditionally, research on the tremendous variation in the use of incarceration across time and space has focused on the issue of whether imprisoning more offenders reduces crime. More recently, research has begun to explore the collateral consequences of mass incarceration for the families and communities of those imprisoned. The current study adds to this burgeoning literature by examining the impact of incarceration rates on child poverty rates. Employing a panel design for North Carolina county data, 1995-2007, we use instrumental variable techniques to disentangle the effect of incarceration on poverty from the effect of poverty on incarceration. The results indicate that mass incarceration has significantly increased child poverty rates. The impact of adult incarceration on child poverty appears especially pronounced in counties with a high proportion of non-White residents.
Indian media and its transformed public
Authors: Chaudhuri Maitrayee
Published: September 2010

Indian media has witnessed an unprecedented growth over the last two decades. This expansion does not necessarily lead to greater democratic participation for the very idea of the ‘public’ has undergone a transformation, evident in: the ideological content of the media, the extra-national membership of the public sphere and the interactive form of publicness. The article argues that the media plays a crucial ideological role in recasting public discourse in India, a role which is rendered more effective because of a strong synergy between its substance and style. An often strident appropriation of the nation and the Indian ‘public’ by a middle class ideologically aligned with the project of liberalisation is most evident in the media today. This is done in two ways: by an overt ideological defence of an unbridled market and an attack on the very idea of an interventionist and welfare state; and by the everyday quotidian features and news that inscribe corporate speech, create a new imaginary of a global Indian and a global Indian middle class. This contention may be sustained from a scrutiny of the media even when the period is a random month (24 May–23 June) of a random year (2007), as is the case here.
‘Fond of cooking, interested in studies, a good daughter’
Authors: Bulbeck Chilla
Published: September 2010

Between 2000 and 2007, as part of a larger study in ten countries, questionnaires were administered to largely middle-class respondents in seven cities in India, China, Japan and Australia. Although the Indian and Chinese samples are small, particularly in relation to the population of these two most numerous countries in the world, a comparison of the ways in which young people described themselves offers intriguing insights concerning the gendered nature of identity, the extent to which aspects of self-identification are globally borrowed or locally particular and the preoccupations and concerns of young people in these four countries. Some similarities between the samples are born of interconnected colonial histories, for example, the young Indian and Australian males who enjoy or play cricket. Young Indians describe themselves as ‘fans’: fans of cricketers, movie stars, even of Mahatma Gandhi. More female Indian than Australian respondents noted their cooking skills and interests, as well as their enthusiasm for motherhood, some young females borrowing the trope of marriage advertisements, combining their traditional homely accomplishments with studiousness and modernity. I explore three ways in which the respondents identified themselves: in terms of connection to family or others; in terms of ambition, or biographies of the self, expressed largely through their relation to study and its outcomes and in terms of individualism, or claims to a unique selfhood, a characteristic one might expect to be more common among the Australians. While this is indeed the case, especially in relation to sexualised subjectivity, I argue that ambition is an alternative expression of self, but a self embedded within the expectations of those surrounding the respondent. However, other articulations of social embeddedness, such as family affiliation, are not unique to the Asian samples.
ASA’s Bachelor’s and Beyond Survey
Authors: Spalter-Roth Roberta , Senter Mary Scheuer , Stone Pamela , Wood Michael
Published: September 2010

With the support of the National Science Foundation, the American Sociological Association conducted a longitudinal survey of sociology majors from the class of 2005, following them from senior year into careers or graduate school. The first part of this article provides a context for the results from the What Can I Do with a Bachelor’s Degree in Sociology? study and a summary of its key findings. Wave I data demonstrate strong student interest in sociological concepts, perceived mastery of some research skills but not others, and general satisfaction with the major. Sociology majors are both idealists and careerists. The majority expects to enter the job market after graduation but is not satisfied with the career advising they receive. Key findings from Wave II demonstrate that more respondents go directly into the job market than expected, job search strategies are important in finding a job that matches what students learned in their sociology programs, and those who find such jobs are more satisfied with the major. The second part discusses how the survey findings can be used to enhance curriculum, advising, and assessment without vocationalizing the curriculum and without adding extra burdens to faculty members’ already heavy schedules. Finally, the article discusses how the data can be used as a baseline for department assessment.
Are Chronic Exposure To Violence and Chronic Violent Behavior Closely Related Developmental Processes During Adolescence?
Authors: Spano Richard , Rivera Craig , Bolland John M.
Published: September 2010

Five waves of longitudinal data from a sample of minority youth living in extreme poverty were used to examine the impact of chronic exposure to violence on chronic violent behavior. Given the rapid rate of developmental change during adolescence and the lack of multiyear studies of exposure to violence, semiparametric group-based modeling was used to identify trajectories of chronic exposure to violence (7% of youth), chronic violent victimization (9% of youth), chronic vicarious victimization (39% of youth), and chronic violent behavior (12% of youth). The multivariate findings revealed that (a) youth with chronic exposure to violence were 3,150% (or 31.5 times) more likely to engage in chronic violent behavior and (b) chronic vicarious victimization was a significant predictor of chronic violent behavior, after controlling for the effects of chronic violent victimization. The theoretical and policy implications of these findings as well as areas for future research are discussed.
Let Us Understand Our Differences: Current Trends in Christian-Muslim Relations in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Frederiks Martha Th.
Published: September 2010

This article gives a brief overview of Christian-Muslim Relations in sub-Saharan Africa. It points out that in recent years, due to the pentecostalisation of Christianity and the increased influence of fundamentalist Islamic groups, relations in sub-Sahara Africa seem to deteriorate, despite initiatives to work on harmonious interfaith relations. The article then identifies three current trends in Christian-Muslim relations: an increase in polarisation and polemics, the debate on the implementation of shari’a and joint social action programmes.
Neural basis of anxiolytic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in generalized social anxiety disorder: a preliminary report
Authors: Crippa José Alexandre S , Derenusson Guilherme Nogueira , Ferrari Thiago Borduqui , Wichert-Ana Lauro , Duran Fábio LS , Martin-Santos Rocio , Simões Marcus Vinícius , Bhattacharyya Sagnik , Fusar-Poli Paolo , Atakan Zerrin , Filho Alaor Santos , Freitas-Ferrari Maria Cecília , McGuire Philip K , Zuardi Antonio Waldo , Busatto Geraldo F , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecílio
Published: September 2010

Animal and human studies indicate that cannabidiol (CBD), a major constituent of cannabis, has anxiolytic properties. However, no study to date has investigated the effects of this compound on human pathological anxiety and its underlying brain mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate this in patients with generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD) using functional neuroimaging. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest was measured twice using (99m)Tc-ECD SPECT in 10 treatment-naïve patients with SAD. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. In the second session, the same procedure was performed using the drug that had not been administered in the previous session. Within-subject between-condition rCBF comparisons were performed using statistical parametric mapping. Relative to placebo, CBD was associated with significantly decreased subjective anxiety ( p < 0.001), reduced ECD uptake in the left parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and inferior temporal gyrus ( p < 0.001, uncorrected), and increased ECD uptake in the right posterior cingulate gyrus ( p < 0.001, uncorrected). These results suggest that CBD reduces anxiety in SAD and that this is related to its effects on activity in limbic and paralimbic brain areas.
Wordsandmusic
Authors: Halasa Malu
Published: September 2010

Malu Halasa on Chuy y Mauricio/El Potro de Sinaloa
Wordsandmusic
Authors: Kuti Femi
Published: September 2010

Femi Kuti on Beng Beng Beng
Banned: a Rough Guide
Authors: Korpe Marie , Reitov Ole
Published: September 2010

Marie Korpe and Ole Reitov have been tracking the music censors and the censored for more than a decade. They reflect on the tactics of modern censorship
Location of Bone Bruises and Other Osseous Injuries Associated with Acute Grade III Isolated and Combined Posterolateral Knee Injuries
Authors: Geeslin Andrew G. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: September 2010

Background

Bone bruises on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are common in patients with acute knee ligament injuries and have been well described for injuries involving the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and the medial collateral ligament. These have not yet been described in detail for posterolateral corner injuries.

Hypothesis

Acute grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) injuries are often accompanied by bone bruises located in the medial compartment.

Study Design

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods

One hundred two patients with acute grade III PLC knee injuries and MRI scans within 6 weeks of injury were prospectively identified. Images were reviewed for the location of bone bruises, which were defined as areas with high signal intensity adjacent to the joint surface on fat-suppressed, T2-weighted sequences.

Results

Overall, 83 patients had at least 1 bone bruise and 56 patients had a bone bruise of the anteromedial femoral condyle. Tibial plateau fractures were found in 19 knees, with 12 in the anteromedial quadrant. Isolated PLC injuries were found in 28 patients; of this group, 18 had at least 1 bone bruise with 17 located in the anteromedial femoral condyle. Seventy-four patients sustained a combined ligamentous injury; 65 of these had at least 1 bone bruise on MRI and 39 had a bone bruise on the anteromedial femoral condyle. In patients with a combined injury to the PLC and anterior cruciate ligament (38), anteromedial femoral condyle bruises were seen in 19 patients and posteromedial tibial plateau bruises in 11.

Conclusion

Medial compartment bone bruises, most commonly of the anteromedial femoral condyle, were frequently found in patients with both acute isolated and combined PLC injuries. Thus, the presence of an anteromedial femoral condyle bone bruise should increase the level of suspicion of a concurrent PLC knee injury. In addition, we believe that the presence of a posteromedial tibial plateau bone bruise may be a secondary sign of a potential combined PLC injury in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament tear.
Effects of static magnetic field and cadmium on oxidative stress and DNA damage in rat cortex brain and hippocampus
Authors: Amara Salem , Douki Thierry , Garrel Catherine , Favier Alain , Ben Rhouma Khémais , Sakly Mohsen , Abdelmelek Hafedh
Published: September 2010

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of co-exposure to static magnetic field (SMF) and cadmium (Cd) on the antioxidant enzymes activity and DNA integrity in rat brain. Sub-chronic exposure to CdCl (CdCl2, 40 mg/L, per os) for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity such as the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in frontal cortex and hippocampus. Total GSH were decreased in the frontal cortex of the Cd-exposed group. Cd exposure induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, the same exposure increased 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-desoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) level in rat brain. Interestingly, the combined effect of SMF (128 mT, 1 hour/day for 30 consecutive days) and CdCl (40 mg/L, per os) decreased the SOD activity and glutathione level in frontal cortex as compared with the Cd group. Moreover, the association between SMF and Cd increased MDA concentration in frontal cortex as compared with Cd-exposed rats. DNA analysis revealed that SMF exposure failed to alter 8-oxodGuo concentration in Cd-exposed rats. Our data showed that Cd exposure altered the antioxidant enzymes activity and induced oxidative DNA lesions in rat brain. The combined effect of SMF and Cd increased oxidative damage in rat brain as compared with Cd-exposed rats.
Thymoquinone reestablishes spermatogenesis after testicular injury caused by chronic toluene exposure in rats
Authors: Kanter Mehmet
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the possible protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on the spermatogenesis after testicular injury caused by chronic toluene exposure in rats. The rats were randomly allotted into one of three experimental groups: control, toluene-treated and toluene treated with TQ; each group contained 10 animals. Control group received 1 mL serum physiologic and toluene treatment was performed by inhalation of 3000 ppm toluene, in an 8-hour/day and 6-day/week order for 12 weeks. The rats in TQ-treated group was given TQ (50 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 12 weeks starting just after toluene exposure. Tissue samples were obtained for histopathological investigation. To date, no histopathological changes of testis in rats after chronic toluene exposure by TQ treatment have been reported. Spermatogenesis and mean seminiferous tubule diameter (MSTD) were significantly decreased in toluene treated groups when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the TQ-treated animals showed an improved histological appearance in toluene-treated group. Our data indicate a significant reduction in the activity of in situ identification of apoptosis using terminal dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and there was a rise in the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in testis tissues of the toluene-treated group with TQ therapy. Electron microscopy of the testes of the rats demonstrated that pretreatment with TQ was particularly effective in preventing the mitochondrial degeneration, dilatation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and enlarged intercellular spaces in both Sertoli and spermatid cells in the toluene-treated animals. We believe that further preclinical research into the utility of TQ may indicate its usefulness as a potential treatment on the spermatogenesis after testicular injury caused by chronic toluene exposure in rats.
What’s Social Capital Got to Do with It? The Ambiguous (and Overstated) Relationship between Social Capital and Ghetto Underemployment
Authors: Gowan Teresa
Published: September 2010

This article draws on qualitative fieldwork with unemployed African-American men in St. Louis to demonstrate some of the manifold problems in attributing their marginality to ‘low social capital’. I show how Putnam’s extraordinarily popular formulation obscures the complex, double-edged effects of social capital across a segregated and highly unequal region. Extremely low levels of economic and educational capital blocked any conversion of the men’s broad web of friendship and acquaintance into prosperity. Much more effective was the high (white) social capital concentrated outside the city, which continued to reinforce the spatial and economic marginality of African-American St. Louis, leaving residents with little advancement to offer each other beyond the volatile and destructive local drug industry.
Psychological correlates of adherence to self-care, disease activity and functioning in persons with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Duvdevany I , Cohen M , Minsker-Valtzer A , Lorber M
Published: September 2010

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Sense of Coherence (SOC), emotional distress and treatment adherence on disease activity and functioning level of persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). One hundred persons with SLE, aged 18–60, participated in the study. They responded to the SOC scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale (emotional distress) and to questionnaires about adherence to treatment, level of functioning and disease activity. The results show a moderate level of disease activity and everyday functioning, as well as moderate levels of emotional distress. Income, emotional distress and adherence significantly predicted the levels of functioning ( p < 0.001), while income and emotional distress significantly predicted the levels of disease activity only ( p < 0.001). SOC was significantly associated with higher level of functioning ( p < 0.001) and lower disease activity ( p < 0.01), while emotional distress, but not treatment adherence, highly mediated these relationships. The results emphasize the associations of emotional distress and SOC with severity of the symptoms and level of functioning, and the associations between SOC and adherence to treatment. Further confirmation of the results with larger samples and longitudinal designs are warranted.
Acute pancreatitis in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a manifestation of macrophage activation syndrome?
Authors: Campos LMA , Omori CH , Lotito APN , Jesus AA , Porta G. , Silva CAA
Published: September 2010

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a rare and life-threatening manifestation of juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical features of AP in our JSLE population. AP was defined according to the presence of abdominal pain or vomiting associated to an increase of pancreatic enzymes and/or pancreatic radiological abnormalities. Of note, in the last 26 years, 5367 patients were followed up at our Pediatric Rheumatology Unit and 263 (4.9%) of them had JSLE diagnosis (ACR criteria). AP was observed in 4.2% (11/263) of JSLE patients. The median of age of the JSLE patients at AP diagnosis was 12.4 years (8.8—17.9). All of them had lupus disease activity at AP onset. Three patients were receiving corticosteroids before AP diagnosis. Interestingly, 10/11 JSLE patients fulfilled preliminary guidelines for macrophage activation syndrome, three of them with macrophage hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirate and hyperferritinemia. The hallmark of this syndrome is excessive activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages with massive hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines and clinically it is characterized by the occurrence of unexplained fever, cytopenia and hyperferritinemia. AP treatment was mainly based on intravenous methylprednisolone. Four JSLE patients with AP died and two developed diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, AP was a rare and severe manifestation in active pediatric lupus. The association between AP and macrophage activation syndrome suggests that the pancreas could be a target organ of this syndrome and that pancreatic enzyme evaluation should also be carried out in all patients.
Firms’ Performance and Lending Constraints in Nigeria
Authors: Obamuyi T.M.
Published: September 2010

This study analyses how banks’ lending affects firms’ performance and identifies some of the factors that have constrained finance to the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) sector, both on the supply and demand sides. The article is based on the case study of sample of 260 SMEs and interviews with managers of commercial banks in Ondo State, Nigeria. The results show that the firms that received bank loans performed better than those without loans. The study reveals that firms were reluctant to obtain loans from the banks because of high interest rates and stringent lending policies. The banks were also constrained due to the poor credit worthiness of the firms. The government should formulate policies that will compel banks to relax their stringent regulations which discourage borrowings. There should be entrepreneurial education for the entrepreneurs on financial recordings and business management.
Practices of Integrating the Earth Charter into Education Activities in German Federal States of Hessen and Rheinland-Pfalz
Authors: Mathar Reiner
Published: September 2010

The integration of Earth Charter into everyday practice of schools in Germany has to be combined with the curriculum development in different subjects. Two states of Germany started this process by organizing inservice training for primary and secondary teachers. Additionally they translated and adopted the Earth Charter Teachers Guidebook to improve the integration of Earth Charter ideas and content in German schools.
Risky Internet Behaviors
Authors: Dowdell Elizabeth Burgess , Bradley Patricia K.
Published: September 2010

Today’s youth are more technologically savvy than any other generation possessing the ability to go online anytime. This increase in use of and access to technology has also provided adolescents with increasing opportunities to experience online relationships, which can place them in a vulnerable position and risk for harassment, bullying, stalking, exploitation, sexual solicitation, and victimization. A case study of a 15-year-old, 10th-grade girl who demonstrated characteristics of risky Internet and health risk behaviors and experienced online and offline stalking is presented along with tips for Internet Safety for school nurses, parents, and teachers are offered. In the diverse and complex health care settings of the 21st century, professionals are increasingly encountering risk situations defined by the technology being used by both victim and offender. Adolescents who form online relationships should be informed about the risks and rewards, just as the adults who interact with them should be.
Inspired to Work
Authors: Krumboltz John D. , Babineaux Ryan , Wientjes Greg
Published: September 2010

The supply of occupational information appears to exceed the demand. A website displaying over 100 videos about various occupations was created to help career searchers find attractive alternatives. Access to the videos was free for anyone in the world. It had been hoped that many thousands of people would make use of the resource. However, the statistics showed that relatively few viewed the videos and those who did spent little time there. Good reasons were advanced to explain the low usage, but the action that was taken was to integrate the website with the Virtual Counseling Center at Arizona State University where it is still freely available for anyone to use.
Math and Science Pursuits: A Self-Efficacy Intervention Comparison Study
Authors: Cordero Elizabeth D. , Porter Sarah H. , Israel Tania , Brown Michael T.
Published: September 2010

This study compared two interventions to increase math self-efficacy among undergraduate students. Ninety-nine first-year undergraduate students participated in an intervention involving performance accomplishment or an intervention combining performance accomplishment and belief-perseverance techniques in which participants constructed a rationale for their future success in math/science university courses. As hypothesized, participants in the combined intervention immediately demonstrated higher math self-efficacy than did the Performance-Accomplishment only group; data convey that this effect was sustained at a 6-week follow-up. No differences were found between the groups in interest in technical careers, confidence in successfully completing math/ science courses, and willingness to enroll in math/science courses. Data analyses by gender indicated that male participants but not female participants in the combined intervention immediately demonstrated higher math self-efficacy than their counterparts. Findings suggest that self-persuasion activities may make an important contribution to enhancing math self-efficacy at least for men. Implications for women and future research are discussed.
Sense of Control and Career Adaptability Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Duffy Ryan D.
Published: September 2010

The current study examined the direct relation of sense of control to career adaptability, as well as its ability to function as a mediator for other established predictors, with a sample of 1,991 undergraduate students. Students endorsing a greater sense of personal control were more likely to view themselves as adaptable to the world of work. Additionally, the degree to which students’ supportive relationships, self-esteem, and positive outlook on their future career related to adaptability was partially mediated by students’ perceptions of control in their lives. In line with the theoretical work of Blustein (2006), it is suggested that the sense of personal control in an individual’s life may be an important construct to consider in career-related research and counseling.
A Comparison of Validity Rates Between Paper-and-Pencil and Computerized Testing With the MMPI-2
Authors: Blazek Nicole L. , Forbey Johnathan D.
Published: September 2010

Although the use of computerized testing in psychopathology assessment has increased in recent years, limited research has examined the impact of this format in terms of potential differences in test validity rates. The current study explores potential differences in the rates of valid and invalid Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2 (MMPI-2) protocols between computerized and paper-and-pencil administrations. Participants were 387 undergraduate students (157 men and 230 women) from a Midwestern university who completed either a computerized version or a paper-and-pencil version of the MMPI-2. Chi-square analyses revealed some important differences between administration modalities by gender. Overall, results indicated that although no differences existed in the computerized version, men were more likely to invalidate the paper-and-pencil version. Furthermore, although less likely overall to produce invalid MMPI-2 results, women were more likely to invalidate the paper-and-pencil version via random responding compared with the computerized version. Limitations and future directions are discussed.