bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dealing with conflict - The role of the ward sister
Authors: Cremer L.M.
Published: November 2012

In the course of her duties, the ward sister has to contend with many forms of conflict, discord and dissension. These involve conflict of the intrapersonal, interpersonal and intergroup varieties. Conflict is in the main, disruptive and dysfunctional. Skilful management, however, embodying cooperative effort in its reduction can produce constructive and positive results. Conflict management strategies are therefore either restrictive or constructive. Persons in serious conflict suffer varied degrees of personality disequilibrium, which necessitates emotional first aid or crisis intervention. Such primary preventive care is applicable to patients, their relatives, and members of the nursing staff in such need.
Die saalsuster as administrateur
Authors: Potgieter M.S.
Published: November 2012

It is the responsibility o f the ward sister at all times to direct her ward as nurse, educationist and administrator. It is further her responsibility to ensure that she is equal to the demands
Care of the neurogenic bladder in spinal cord injuries
Authors: Engel P. , Stevens P.J.
Published: November 2012

The carefree independence of a healthy individual has been transformed in a second of time to a future of unknown quality. Total readjustment as to values and future goals are placed alongside physical readjustments made necessary according to the degree of injury. For patients with spinal cord injuries treatment of their resultant neurogeenic bladder may be conservative or surgical. The patient may have a complete or an incomplete lesion of the spinal cord. In the complete lesion, there is no sparing of motor or sensory system below the level of the lesion. In the incomplete lesion, there may be partial preservation of either or both. On admission to a spinal injury unit, the patients has urinary retention which is initially treated conservatively prior to the onset of reflex detrustor activity and subsequent bladder assessment.
Beplande verandering
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

Vrandering is deel van die lewe; dit is nie so dat ’n mens kan kies of verandering in sy organisasie sal plaasvind al dan nie. Tegnologiese, sosiaal-kulturele, ekonomiese, opvoedkundige, filosofiese en ander veranderinge vind in die samelewing plaas en werk in op enige sisteem wat daarbinne voorkom. Wanneer verandering geignoreer word, neem dit sulke afmetings aan dat krisisse en katastrofes plaasvind. Dan word die een ad hoc-“oplossing” na die ander aangegryp, gate word toegestop, tydelike maatreëls word getref en daar word oor die algemeen opgetree in ooreenstemming met die spreekwoord wat sê: “’n benoude kat maak benoude spronge”. In teenstelling daarmee kan verandering as onafwendbaar aanvaar word en kan realisties en sistematies daarvoor beplan word. Beplande verandering is die gevolg van ’n doelbewuste besluit om verbeteringe aan te bring in ’n sisteem en dit word bereik met behulp van professionele leiding. (Spalding, 1958).
Policy on the care of the mentally retarded
Authors: Henning P.H. , Bruwer A. , Hilliard A.
Published: November 2012

South Africa has always been intensely aware of those members of its population who suffer from mental retardation. Special provision was made for them in the Mental Disorders Act, 1916, and because there was no known form of therapy, they together with mentally disordered patients, were placed under the administration of the Department of the Interior. The earliest institutions were in fact called “Training Schools” and it is apparent that children were trained and to a certain extent educated since these contained their own schools and vocational workshops.
Who is the right person to look after the mentally retarded?
Authors: Ehlers V.
Published: November 2012

A committee was set up in Britain in 1975 under the Chairmanship of Mrs Peggy Jay to look into the staffing of mental handicapped residential care in the National Health Service. Part of the task was to consider the Briggs Committee’s recommendation that “… a new caring profession for the mentally handicapped should emerge gradually”. The findings and recommendations of the committee were however radical and far-reaching, involving an enormous shift in financial resources and causing much concern and outcry from the nursing profession which considered the new category of care given as a threat to their existence.
Beplanning van dienste vir die geestesvertraagde pasiënt - ’n prosesbenadering
Authors: Bruwer A.
Published: November 2012

In implementation of an open health system for the care of the mentally retardates certain principles must be adhered to. The implementation of these principles into the existing services will require initial sacrifices from the staff involved.
Die geestesvertraagde kind en die gemeenskapsverpleegkundige
Authors: Norrish M.E.
Published: November 2012

As a member of the health team the community health nurse is in a key position to play an important role in the prevention of mental retardation and in the rehabilitation and support which is necessary. The work is of such a nature that she meets the mother and the child both in the formal setting of the clinic and in the more informal atmosphere of the home visit. She does therefore have an invaluable opportunity for observation and discussion at a personal level, which is not always possible for other members of the multidisciplinary team.
Die geestesvertraagde kind en die verpleegkundige in genetiese dienste
Authors: Bewsey E.M.
Published: November 2012

The genetic nurse has an important function: (a)In systematic genetic examinations in institutions for the mentally retarded. (b)In the service of all non-institutionalised mentally retarded persons.
Praktikum en veldwerk
Authors: Papenfus J.N.
Published: November 2012

Practical work is described as formal - planned practice and fieldwork offers the opportunity to carry out in a specific environment the essentials of systematically planned practical experience. In settling learning objectives, cognizance must be taken of the need to introduce affective aspects as well as connotive and psycho-motor components into practical teaching. Micro-teaching, interaction-analysis and simulated situations provide valuable practical teaching- learning opportunities and mention is made of evaluation procedures which may be applicable away from the hospital-ward situation.
Neural tube defects
Authors: Marshall M.E.
Published: November 2012

Neural tube defects refer to any defect in the morphogenesis of the neural tube, the most common types being spina bifida and anencephaly. Spina bifida has been recognised in skeletons found in north-eastern Morocco and estimated to have an age of almost 12 000 years. It was also known to the ancient Greek and Arabian physicians who thought that the bony defect was due to the tumour. The term spina bifida was first used by Professor Nicolai Tulp of Amsterdam in 1652. Many other terms have been used to describe this defect, but spina bifida remains the most useful general term, as it describes the separation of the vertebral elements in the midline.
Die versorging van ons pasiente vanuit ‘n sielkundige oogpunt - feit of legende
Authors: Venter A.M.
Published: November 2012

Vanweë die feit dat daar tot dusver weining indien enige navorsing in die R.S.A. gedoen is oor die sielkundige versorging van ons pasiente, is dit onmoontlik om ’n bepaalde standpunt in te neem t.o.v. die feit of dit ’n legende is al dan nie.
Die sterwende kind in hospitaalvernand
Authors: De Villiers Fredrika
Published: November 2012

Illness and death of a child is a crisis situation in the family, affecting all members. Parents experience certain universal problems such as denial, feelings of guilt and withdrawal. The dying child is usually aware of his situation and experiences fear and loneliness. He has diverse physical and psychological needs as a result of his illness which must be met by parents and nurses. In caring for the terminally ill child attention must be given to providing: a physical environment conducive to well-being; a consistent emotional climate; communication which should include therapeutic play; a therapeutic program in which various measures are taken to enhance acceptability; physical care where the child is encouraged to help himself as far as possible; psycological and spiritual care to allay his fears and anxiety.
Illness behaviour of some white south africans
Authors: Hammond Merryl
Published: November 2012

THE author’s interest was recently aroused by coming into contact with some of the literature dealing with “illness behaviour”.1121 The study of illness behaviour basically involves an attempt to understand: what makes different people decide that they are ill; what action they take; how long they delay; what influences their decisions; and so on. In other words, there is a basic assumption that people perceive illness differently and that they react to it differently. The author believes it is essential for all health workers to be aware of the complexities of illness behaviour and therefore presents some of the data gathered recently in a study of illness behaviour among White adults in Durban.
’N ondersoek na parameters van prognostiese belang by die hoofbeseerde pasiënt
Authors: Hugo Margot
Published: November 2012

The increase in accidents and accompanying increase in severe head injuries, have led to research into various aspects of parameters of prognostic value in patients suffering from head injuries. The possible prognostic value of the observations undertaken by nurses was researched by the author. Some of the findings regarding temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, ventilation, pupillary response and the type of injury are discussed in this article. The importance of accurate observations by nurses is stressed.
Nursing continuing education in the united states
Authors: Robert B
Published: November 2012

THE discussion of nursing continuing education in the United States is approached by a consideration of the following aspects: Definition and Background Evolution of the Concept Administration of the Process Teaching Techniques Range of Subjects Evaluation of the Program Issues and Problems: Mandatory vs. Voluntary Participation Control of the Accreditation Process Responsibility for Participation Program Cost/Availability
Preparing for the last fling
Authors: Muller Odelia
Published: November 2012

Re t i r e m e n t — the last flin g — seems to be a phenomenon peculiar to the present age and culture which is geared to suit the convenience of the social system rather than the needs of the individual. In the Western world alone 291 million people are over the age of 60 and every day 14 thousand individuals, irrespective of their potential contribution to industry, commerce and state, are scheduled to retire.
The course in advanced midwifery and neonatal care
Authors: Maclure E.M
Published: November 2012

According to one dictionary the meaning of Advanced is: to be ahead of most others or at a far-on stage of education, thought, emancipation, life, etc. It has been said that teaching is a success only when it enables students to excel their teachers. How many teachers, clinical or academic, can accept this, albeit with a pang? However, by teaching the teachers, a nucleus of confident enthusiasts can be formed who will be, as it were, the RNA and DNA of the midwifery profession, at a far-on stage of education, thought, emancipation, life, etc.
The psychotherapeutic role of the nurse in a psychodynamic unit
Authors: Riccitelli Gail
Published: November 2012

A great deal has been written on the importance of therapeutic communities in the practise of psychiatry. This article proposes to highlight the extent to which the role of the psychiatric nurse has been developed in such a community. By considering aspects such as therapeutic dynamics, therapeutic intervention on an individual basis, group work and community work with specific reference to the nurse, attention will be drawn to the awvheon uise sw iwllhinicgh t ea rree loinpqeuni stho hthere rnouler saes, custodian and don the cloak of therapist.
The working life of a group of nurses
Authors: Hunt B.N.
Published: November 2012

A B. Soc. Sc. (Nursing) course has been offered since 1962 at the University of Natal, Durban. This is a four-year course, on successful completion of which students are eligible for registration as general nurses and midwives with the South African Nursing Council.
Belangrike ontwikkelings in gesondheidsdienslewering in die republiek van suid-afrika gedurende die sewentigerjare
Authors: Muller Odelia
Published: November 2012

A number of major developments have brought about important changes in the delivery and co-ordination of health services in South Africa. Some of these developments are: — the hospital-centric community-directed health services which were developed in the national states; — the changes to programme-budgeting which highlighted priority areas; — the Health Act 63 o f 1977 which provides for a formal structure for co-ordination of health services and the development of national health policy; — rationalisation in the civil service by which one Department of Health, Welfare and Pensions was created; — the Health Services Facilities Plan announced by the Minister of Health in 1980. This plan will greatly enhance the development of comprehensive health services for the South African community. The plan describes six levels according to which health services will be developed: providing for basic health needs; health education; primary health care (including self-care, community responsibility, community nursing and community health centres); the community hospital; the regional hospital; the academic hospital.
Community development
Authors: Arthur Mavis
Published: November 2012

HEALTH EDUCATION — THE NEED TO MAKE IT WORK It is increasingly apparent that the major health problems in the world today — ranging from malnutrition and communicable diseases; many forms of mental ill-health and cardiac conditions; accidents and alcoholism, are primarily attributable to unsatisfactory living conditions, lack of knowledge and harmful practices on the part of individuals, families and communities. Advances in the field of science and technology can do no more towards the promotion of the health of the population unless it is accompanied by fundamental changes in the way of life and behaviour patterns of the people themselves.
Occupational health in a hospital setting
Authors: Blacklaws Dorothy
Published: November 2012

Health services and especially hospitals, are amongst the employers with the largest number of employees in the country. Those employed in the service have the right to as high a standard of occupational health as found in industry at its best. Health services in hospitals should use techniques of preventive employees and reduces absenteeism due to sickness and other causes. It health requirements of the employees. Hospitals should serve as examples to the public regarding health education, preventive medicine and job safety. Hospitals have a moral and legal obligation to: — provide a safe and healthful working environment for employees; — protect employees from special risks and hazards associated with their occ u p a t i o n s , su c h as c o n t a g io u s diseases; — protect patients from risks associated with unhealthy employees. Experience in other employee groups has shown that an occupational health service results in healthier, more effective employees and reduces absenteeism due to sickness and other causes. It also reduces labour turnover and Workmen’s compensation and other insurance claims.
Socialisation of the student nurse in the nursing profession
Authors: Bezuidenhout F.J.
Published: November 2012

Since Florence Nightingale established a nursing school in conjunction with St Thomas’ Hospital in 1860, society has changed and particularly medical technology has undergone tremendous developments.
A survey of abandonment of student nurses at Greys Hospital
Authors: Fry S.F. , Karani A. , Tuckell G.M.
Published: November 2012

In all tertiary education, a certain percentage of drop-outs can be expected. In this instance, the authors were interested in the abandonment or withdrawal of students from the Diploma in General Nursing at Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg. Over the past few years the drop out rate at Greys Hospital was sufficiently high to cause concern - particularly at a time when there is a widely reported shortage of White nursing personnel. Also, in the South African context, very little active research has been reported in this regard.
The OSCE-experiment at MEDUNSA
Authors: Van Niekerk J.G.P. , Lombard S.A.
Published: November 2012

The newly-established Department of Nursing Science at MEDUNSA had provisionally decided to use the conventional approach to the clinical examination of the ten pre-registration students on the B.Cur. course. During October 1981 Professor R. M. Harden, Professor in Medical Education, University of Dundee, Scotland, paid a lecture visit to MEDUNSA. In one lecture Professor Harden described a method used for examining clinical skills of medical students in the University of Dundee. It is called the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). It consists of an examination in which a wide range of skills are evaluated through practical, written and oral methods of assessment.
Looking at nurses’ training from a counsellor’s perspective
Authors: Schulte W.
Published: November 2012

The current personnel crisis in hospitals has given rise to serious reflections and numerous investigations. Service conditions, salary structures and other issues have been a pet subject of the public media for a long time. One factor is rarely mentioned although it is far more important, namely that nurses need personal support.
Observation of the neurosurgical patient
Authors: Abelson N.M.
Published: November 2012

Patient observation is one of the chief responsibilities of the neurosurgical nurse. The nurse is the one and only member of the health team who is with the patient for 24 hours out of every 24.
Die gemeenskapsverpleegkundige in perspektief
Authors: Grobbelaar W.C.
Published: November 2012

Community nursing originated in the care given to families, mostly by the women, in primitive societies. The Christian religion had a marked influence on the development of community care with the deaconnesses being regarded as the first visiting nurses. Throughout the middle ages there were nursing orders who worked in the community but social reforms after the industrial revolution led to the emergence of secular district nursing services. The services rendered however tended to become specialised and thus fragmented. Community nursing today involves comprehensive family centered care to individuals and groups in the community by professionally qualified nurses. They work independently and are accountable for their own actions. The nature of the service rendered depends on the community being served. The population profile, disease profile and health care needs differ vastly between highly developed and developing communities. However, irrespective of the type of community being served the community nurse is a co-ordinator in the health team and must render a comprehensive and family-centred health service. Basic nursing education alone does not prepare the nurse adequately for the comprehensive community nursing task. It is suggested that community nursing for registration should be an option in the integrated basic nursing courses. Provision must be made for a program for registration for those who did not include community nursing in their basic course, and for advanced formal programs and informal continuing education programs in community nursing.
A study into ward traffic
Authors: Hardcatle P.
Published: November 2012

The study was undertaken in 1980 and was prompted by a need to highlight some of the problems associated with the ward milieu, both for patient care and for nurse teaching. Being associated at that time with the clinical teaching department the author was very interested in looking into the amount of traffic entering the ward area. It seemed that the ward sister had a very difficult task in providing a therapeutic environment for her patients, and that patient care was always being criticised with little thought to what was actually occurring in the ward.
Die uitgebrande verskynsel in die moderne beroepsmens
Authors: De Villiers F.M.J.
Published: November 2012

The author is of the opinion that the changes in the modern world have contributed to the development of the burn-out phenomenon. Burn-out is characterised by physical, emotional and spiritual exhaustion which affects a person’s working as well as personal life. Certain people are more susceptable than others, including dynamic personalities, those in the service professions, the modern woman and the middle-aged. At personal and management level there should be an awareness of the causes, signs and symptoms and consequences of burn-out. Once the problem is diagnosed steps can be taken to deal with it.
Die nuwe verpleegonderwysstelsel: Implikasies
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

In 1982 is aangekondig dat die owerhede goedgekeur het dat verpleegkolleges by universiteite kan affilieer. Verpleegkundiges is nog onseker oor die nuwe stelsel en onderhoude is gevoer met Iris Röscher en Odelia Müller om antwoorde te kry op sommige van die vrae.
Die promotor-kandidaat verhouding
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

The relationship between the promoter and a masters- or doctoral candidate is both complex and important. A number of responsibilities are inherent in this relationship. The promoter’s responsibilities to the candidate include assessment of the candidate's ability, making knowledge and time available, providing feedback, setting standards and acting as a role model. The promoter also has responsibilities to the university concerned. The student is responsible for working independently and keeping to the predetermined working schedule.
The coming of age of Mrs H: Nursing Intervention in an elderly depressed woman
Authors: Riccitelli G.K.L.
Published: November 2012

In the past the prospect of change and psychological growth in the aged was doomed by personality theorists such as Freud, who were convinced of the rigidity of an old-sister’s ego. Fortunately, more en lightened theorists, backed by empirical data and research have dispelled this very damaging myth. June, Maslow, Rogers and others offer more optimistic models of personality development which stress the individual’s striving towards self-fulfilment or self-actualisation. This is a process which begins later in life and is in fact more readily dealt with in old age when less energy is being expended on physical activity, making more available for this all important task of the psyche. Today the aged are known to respond well to various forms of psychotherapy.
Waarom verlaat verpleegkundiges die beroep?
Authors: Venter A.M.
Published: November 2012

An investigation was done to determine the factors which influence registered nurses to leave the nursing profession. Two critical factors were found to be salaries and unpopular working hours. Other factors appeared to be less significant. The author makes a number of recommendations, including suggestions about salaries, hours of duty, recruitment and the status and image of the nursing profession.
Navorsingsmetodologie hoe om behoeftes in die gemeenskap te beraam
Authors: Poggenpoel M.
Published: November 2012

An assessment of community needs is part of the scientific process used by the multi-professional health team to assess, plan, implement and evaluate a community health service. An accurate assessment of both perceived needs and those identified by health professionals is necessary for an effective service. Such an assessment requires the use of research methodology, including scientific research methods, techniques and instruments. There are also a number of essential questions to which answers must be found by the research to ensure a comprehensive assessment.
Patients who fall in hospital - Contributing factors
Authors: Bright M.I. , Minny L.M. , Ratsey G.M. , Rawstorne S.W.
Published: November 2012

This is a retrospective study of the factors which contributed to accidental injuries sustained by those patients who fell in a White provincial hospital in die period 1 January to 30 June 1982. The research study was undertaken by Diploma in Nursing Administration students during their 3-week hospital practice at a White provincial hospital.
Mnr Smit leer ons iets
Authors: Venter I. , Botha S.E.
Published: November 2012

This patient care study of a depressed elderly man, emphasises the satisfaction nurses can get out of nursing the older patient. The danger of suicide when motor retardation lifts, is clearly illustrated.
Verpleegsorgplan vir ’n pasiënt met pre-eklampsie
Authors: Venter S.
Published: November 2012

The author gives an example of an individualised nursing care plan for a patient with pre-eclampsia. It provides for meeting the patient’s physiological, emotional and social needs. Examples of the patient’s progress report and of the information required when taking the nursing history of a pregnant patient are also provided.
Nursing roles - Use it or lose it
Authors: Lombard S.
Published: November 2012

The word nurse has a simple and noble origin. Ultimately derived from the verb to nourish, it connotes someone who supplies lifegiving comfort and support.
Die plasmaferese eenheid van die Johannesburg-Hospitaal
Authors: Janse van Rensburg C.M.
Published: November 2012

The plasmapheresis unit at the Johannesburg Hospital is part of the haematology day clinic. It is visited by patients suffering from conditions which can be treated by plasma exchange. Nurses working in this unit are specially trained regarding the techniques used, orientation of patients and possible complications of the procedure.
Die Apgar-telling as geboorte-indeks
Authors: Le Roux A.
Published: November 2012

One of the most important adaptations which the newborn is required to make is the change-over to using his own respiratory organs for oxygen supply. The Abgar-count is an oxygenation-parameter which is used routinely throughout the world to evaluate the condition of the newborn. Besides immediate diagnosis of respiratory distress accurate evaluation is also important for researchers looking for explanations of problems in the child’s later development. The author undertook an investigation to compare Abgar scores given at a local hospital with those obtained in hospitals overseas. From the results it is clear that there are differences in the application and interpretation of the measurement in various hospitals. If measurements are inaccurate they cannot be applied when researching causes of human disturbances.
Die stand van keuring van studentverpleegkundiges in 1983
Authors: Rademeyer E.S. , Van Niekerk J.G.P. , Stols H.E. , Van Huyssteen M.C.
Published: November 2012

The object of this study was to determine whether any form of selection is applied to student nurses and if so, which selection methods are being used in the selection of students for the basic course for registration as a general nurse or the basic integrated courses leading to registration. All universities, colleges of nursing and hospital training schools were involved in this investigation. The investigation indicated that selection was in fact applied, but that many problems, deficiencies and needs exist. The single major need is for a specific standardised instrument for use in the selection of nurses.
Information management and communication technology in nursing
Authors: Steen-Nielssen B.
Published: November 2012

Since World War II there has been an exponential increase in the amount of information of every kind. The question is how this information - whether scientific, commercial, clinical or educational - can be captured and made easily available for retrieval, storage or research.
Die ontplooiingsmoontlikhede van die jong kind
Authors: Pretorius J.M.A.
Published: November 2012

The child is a complete person but has a need for others in order to develop his full potential. The adult is responsible for providing a safe environment in which the child can develop socially, spiritually, psychologically and somatically. The child is continually occupied with realising himself as a person and this is only possible if there is a relationship of trust between the child and the adult.
An island experience
Authors: Doyle M.A.
Published: November 2012

As you go about your work in your corner of the nursing world, do you ever stop to wonder whether or not nurses in other parts of the world work and study as you do? This aspect of nursing has always been of interest to the author so, while on the Island of St Helena, she decided to see just how nursing there differed from nursing in South Africa.
Die nuwe grondwet van Suid-Afrika
Authors: Esterhuyse W.P.
Published: November 2012

The new constitution of the RSA is an attempt to break away from the Westminster system of government. A few important basic principles include a distinct separation between executive and legislative power, group representation, participation in common affairs, and the principle of consensus. The constitution provides a number of important mechanisms to enable the formulation of policy. These mechanisms include the position of the President, the President’s Council and the permanent collective committees. One of the implications of the new constitution is that government departments for own affairs for a particular population group can only be headed by a Minister of the same population group. Other implications are decentralisation of power to regional levels, that we are entering an era of collective bargaining in politics and that structures for co-operation and mutual discussion will have to be be created. A constitution can be likened to the rules of a game. How the game is played, however, depends on the attitude of the players.
Tuberculosis control and occupational health services
Authors: Mets J.T.
Published: November 2012

The W.H.O. (1982) estimates that the annual risk of infection with tuberculosis in most developing countries is in the order of 3 to 5%. Every year 4-million to 5-million highly infectious cases of tuberculosis occur in those countries, according to the WHO Technical Report No. 671. This report also states that case finding and chemotherapy, combined as one entity, must be considered to be the most powerful weapon in tuberculosis control. Since case finding in those countries depends principally on the examination of patients presenting with relevant symptoms to a health facility, it is recommended that all staff at such facilities should be properly trained and motivated to identify potential tuberculosis patients.
Community nursing towards primary health care
Authors: Bergman R.
Published: November 2012

Community health practice in various forms has been recorded for over 5 000 years (Anderson, 1969). The ancient Egyptians developed a community system for water supply and sewage disposal. The Hebrews focused on the promotion of health through the Mosaic code which regulated personal hygiene, food, sanitation, maternal health, and more. The Greeks (500-100 BC) emphasised values of personal hygiene and exercise. The Romans (100 BC - 500 AD), on the other hand, were concerned with the State rather that the individual and set public health measures in relation to building regulations, water supply and community sanitation.
Interaksieprosesontleding in verpleging
Authors: Du Toit D.
Published: November 2012

Nursing is a humanistic science which concerns itself with man in need. Nursing has also long been recognised as a science with its own defined scientific knowledge unique to nursing. In order that nursing could grow as a science it was necessary to delve into other humanistic sciences for knowledge relevant to nursing. This knowledge should be incorporated into nursing in order to contribute to development of scientific nursing theory. This knowledge should also be applied to the advantage of nursing. In this article the use of certain methods and techniques normally used in group dynamics, a branch of Sociology, and how these methods and techniques can be usefully applied to nursing, are speculated on. Attention is given to the possibility of the application of Bales’s technique of interaction process analysis to various fields of nursing.
Communication in nursing: A learning exercise for teachers and students
Authors: Hammond M.
Published: November 2012

In the Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, self-directed learning materials have been used for fourthyear medical students since January 1983. Student feedback has been very positive and we have seen significant increases in marks when compared with conventional didactic handouts. It is believed that this teaching method has great potential for many other groups of adult learners — nurses among them.
Nursing practice — Reality or dream
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

For the purpose of this article, the term nursing practice excludes midwifery practice. The debate as to whether a nurse is a practitioner or not centres on the nurse and not on the midwife. Both legally and by customary practice, the midwife in South Africa has enjoyed the status of a practitioner since 1652, whilst the nurse has only been recognised as a legal practitioner since 1891.
Standaard verpleegvoorskrifte vir voorgeboorte kliënte
Authors: Venter S. , Du Plooy P.
Published: November 2012

Inspired after attending the course in scientific education for the nursing process, given by Mrs I.M. Miles at the J.G. Strijdom Hospital in February 1984, this standard nursing care plan for antenatal clients was born. It is based on the nursing module.
Die Beroepskeuse van Studente wat nie Gekeur word nie vir Generiese Graadprogramme in Verpleegkunde in die RSA.
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

It is questioned whether a selection programme, of which the effectiveness has yet to be proven, is valid if potential nursing graduates are lost to the profession. The purpose of this survey was to determine what becomes of those persons who apply to but are not selected for a degree programme in nursing. The author concludes, inter alia, that the 35 % of those not selected who choose other professions and the 19 % who were admitted to nursing degrees at other Universities requires validation of the selection procedures.
Opmerkings oor ’n ondersoek na die tekort aan verpleegpersoneel in transvaalse provinsiale hospitale, 1983
Authors: Booyens S.W.
Published: November 2012

The author investigated reasons for the shortage of nursing personnel in Transvaal provincial hospitals during 1983. Her findings are discussed in comparison with the findings of previous investigations into nursing shortages. The author found inter alia, that nurses enjoyed a high degree of job satisfaction. This verified the findings of other researchers. As in the studies of Venter, Schlebush, Searle and Cilliers. A large percentage of the respondents indicated that the irregular hours of duty were a source of dissatisfaction. Many nurses were in favour of higher remuneration for unpopular shifts. In correlation with Venter and Schiebusch the author found that nurses believed that they were underpaid. She also found that nurses were of the opinion that there was insufficient salary differentiation for varying responsibilities. Further significant areas of dissatisfaction were poor support from nursing service managers, insufficient opportunities for promotion and for participation in decision-making.
Why not a Nurse Demographer?
Authors: Coetzer P.W.W
Published: November 2012

Populations of school children can be utilised for the screening of ill health such as ophthalmic (Kohler et al, 1981: 369-77) and aural (Me Dermott, 1982: 462-8) conditions, heart disease (Okuni, 1982: 1250- 4), scoliosis (Lonstein et al, 1982: 481-8) or dental caries (Rebich et al, 1982: 50-53), with the sole object of clinical intervention. The target population is aimed at all belonging to a defined risk group, usually described in terms of age, sex, ethnicity and occupation.
Gehaltesorg en koste-effektiewe dienslewering deur middel van ’n geoutomatiseerde pasientklassifikasiestelsel.
Authors: Coetsee Mirinda
Published: November 2012

A patient classification system is used to classify patients according to the acuity of their condition and the amount of care which they need in order to determine staffing needs. Such a system enables optimal provision of nursing staff thus ensuring cost-effective quality care. A patient classification system must be tailored to the needs of each hospital to ensure reliability. There is an adaptable computer software program which is able to do all the calculations for a patient classification system. It provides valuable daily, weekly and monthly print-outs — such as summaries of patient acuity and staffing requirements for each unit and for the hospital as a whole.
Ringing in the Changes: The Implications of the new regulations for the colleges.
Authors: Paverd Norma V
Published: November 2012

In particular, the objective of this presentation is to describe • how the college structure and function will alter to enable the implementation of the new regulation • the concept of autonomy and the legislation which has been passed in the Cape allowing autonomy • give some indication of how the student’s position will change.
The implications of the new regulations for the universities
Authors: Robertson Barbara
Published: November 2012

The inclusion of nursing education into the tertiary education system of the country is indeed a milestone in the development of the nursing profession. Nursing education has now been recognised by the country and it is up to all of us to ensure that nurses educated through this new system are competent and can provide quality service to the health consumer.
Implications of the new regulations for psychiatric health services
Authors: Bruwer Annemarie M
Published: November 2012

The theme Ringing in the changes is very apt for there are many changes in the nursing profession. This trend is however much more extensive in SA — change is taking place at a tremendous tempo and at nearly all levels of life, such as constitutional developments and rationalisation of the state departments. In view of this it is of particular importance that the nursing profession has chosen to do self-evaluation at this time and is therefore participating in this process of change.
Verpleging van die geestesvertraagde kind in die gemeenskap
Authors: Moolman S.J.
Published: November 2012

There is a shift in emphasis in nursing care of the mentally retarded child in the community. Firstly, the child must be identified and then his condition is evaluated, usually by a multi-disciplinary team. A decision must then be made whether the child will be cared for in the community. The nurse assists the parent or guardian in training for independence which includes self-care, use of toilet, personal hygiene, and dressing. Training in various perceptual and motor skills are also included in the nursing care plan. The nurse makes follow-up visits to evaluate progress and adapts the nursing care plan as necessary. She also has an important role in encouraging and guiding the parents. Nursing the mentally retarded child in the community requires specialised knowledge — and a lot of love.
Reports and memoranda. Communication techniques for effective management.
Authors: Parsons C.R.
Published: November 2012

In any organisational structure, either in private or public sectors, the lines and methods of communication need to be fully understood and utilised by everyone in the organisation if efficiency of the institution or service is to be obtained. Communication may be upward, downward or horisontal, and it is essential for cohesion and morale in the institution that there is accuracy and courtesy throughout each stage of com m u n ic a tio n . Breakdown in communication at any point in the process or at any level in the hierachy will affect the functioning and the reputation of the whole institution or service.
Afdeling Ses
Authors: Van't Zand Sandra
Published: November 2012

Julie is tussen 22 en 74 in jare tussen 6 maande en 9 jaar jul verstand daar is 60 van julle dogters julle lewe, julle kinders mag die Vader julle spaar.
Kliniese Onderrig: Dis makliker as wat u dink!
Authors: Coetzee H
Published: November 2012

Why do ward sisters no longer see clinical education as an integral part of their function? Clinical education should be seen in a new light and again become part of the ward sister’s daily activities — without necessarily increasing her work load. The clinical situation provides many opportunities for experiential learning, encouragement to apply theory, serving as a role model, shaping the student through supervision, problem solving, and using records and ward rounds as teaching aids.
Spina Bifida - A descriptive research study
Authors: Bonnes D.L.
Published: November 2012

In society one is continually being made aware of the needs and demands of the physically or mentally handicapped child. This awareness is stimulated by the media, medical journals as well as the general public’s own increased interest in the children’s plight.
Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg 1855 - 1985
Authors: Duckworth Jennifer G
Published: November 2012

The first matron of Grey’s Hospital, Mrs Isabella O ’Hara, was appointed in October 1855 and she presided over a temporary hospital which was established in a house until such time as the hospital building should be ready. The patients were mainly lunatics and destitute people who had until then been accommodated in a room at the goal. The sick were usually cared for in their homes.
Die behoefte van die gehospitaliseerde kleuter in opvoedingsperspektief
Authors: Basson Annali
Published: November 2012

When nursing a pre-school child, meeting his total needs includes giving attention to the child’s developmental (educational) needs. Criteria against which nurses’ supportive interaction with hospitalised toddlers could be evaluated were designed. It was found that nurses in paediatric wards give very little attention to their patients’ developmental needs. However, after an inservice education programme designed for this purpose a marked improvement in the nurses’ interaction was measured. It is recommended that nurses coming into paediatric wards need a special orientation programme and that inservice education and learning opportunities should be offered to staff on a continuous basis. This would equip them with the required knowledge and skills to meet the total needs of their patients.
A community development project
Authors: Viljoen M.J.
Published: November 2012

In recognition of the important role that community members can play in health systems the Department of National Health and Population Development, in collaboration with farm workers, has launched a community development project. Its aim is to improve the standard of living of the people through community participation in a community development programme.
Die Rouproses
Authors: De Villiers Fredrika
Published: November 2012

The mourning process is a normal and universal reaction to loss. Awareness of the loss, confrontation and adaption are the main phases of the mourning process, although each mourner’s reactions are highly individulised. Mourning can be regarded as essential “work” — which can never be escaped. The bond with the deceased must be untied, the mourner must adapt to the new environment without the loved one and then form new relationships. In offering support to mourners one should be there, allow them to express their emotions in their own way and to talk about the deceased and their feelings of guilt. One should also lead them to understand that their reaction is normal and that the work of mourning must be completed. After considerable time sensitive attempts may be made to direct the mourner to the future.
Factors associated with the perception of side-effects relating to the use of contraceptive methods
Authors: Erasmus Gerda
Published: November 2012

Limited research has been done in South Africa regarding the incidence of side-effects and perceptions of these among users of contraceptives. Numerous knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys have been conducted by the Human Sciences Research Council (Erasmus 1981a; Erasmus 1981b; Erasmus 1982 ; Groenewald 1978 ; Lótter, Van Tonder 1976; Mostert, Malherbe 1974; Mostert 1974; Strydom 1981; Van der Merwe 1982) and in some of these studies questions concerning side-effects were included to determine reasons for discontinuation of specific contraceptive methods. The literature concerning research on side-effects related to contraceptive use usually pertains either to clinical studies
Vigs: Implikasies vir Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges – Deel 2
Authors: Herbst Michael C
Published: November 2012

The hospital, as a reservoir of potential infection, and hospital staff, hold a greater risk for patients with AIDS than the patients hold for the staff. Nursing care of these patients thus centres on the prevention of infections. The nurse is also required to lean heavily on her psycho-social skills as patients are likely to feel depressed and isolated. At present we do not know what the incidence of AIDS may be in South Africa in the near future. An increase in incidence may pose logistic problems for the nurse administrator. At the moment the disease has implications for tutors and health educators regarding education for prevention, early detection and the management of patients with AIDS.
Voetversorging by bejaardes — Deel 2: Algemene voetversorging van die bejaarde
Authors: Bothma Y
Published: November 2012

The role of the nurse in the prevention of problems of the feet in the elderly is discussed, and the common foot problems that could be caused by negligence and ignorance are referred to. Routine foot care including care of the skin, nails, choice of shoes and massaging of the feet is discussed, and exercises that the elderly can do to prevent foot problems are illustrated.
Life Sciences teaching in the 21st century: A Paradigm shift
Authors: Botha Marie Louise
Published: November 2012

The development of a quality teaching corps is a ‘primary condition for educational transformation’ (NEPI 1993:235). According to McGrath (2008) the quality of teachers and their teaching has a significant impact on the quality of learning. The quality of learning could be linked to excellence in education and could be achieved through new, innovative reasoning. This could be obtained by implementing new and innovative skills and techniques that should adhere to the creative and innovative planning of the curriculum (DBE 2011:8). It is therefore expected of the educators (lecturers and teachers) to create and sustain a stimulating and supportive learning and teaching environment. Within the evolving world of education the focus has clearly moved from a teacher-centred classroom practice to a more learner-centred approach as reflected in the curriculum for Life Sciences (Department of Education 2003). The challenge is the confrontation of teachers to teach Life Sciences on a cognitive as well as affective level in order to reach all learners in the 21st century. New curriculum initiatives suggests adaption and changes in the educators’ practice. This article presents a theoretical study, aiming to report on rethinking Life Science education in the 21st century in South Africa. It is therefore imperative to take note of the needs and challenges in creative Life Science teaching and education for the 21st century. High quality research in Biological education is needed that could afford the chance to form and remould the profession of a Life Science educator.