bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shrinkage cracking of amorphous metallic fibre-reinforced concrete
Authors: Choi Kyoung-Kyu , Choi Hajin , Kim Jong-Chan
Published: July 2014

Free and dry shrinkage tests are performed to investigate the dry shrinkage characteristics of fibre-reinforced concrete. Based on the test results, tensile stress and strength curves according to concrete ages are developed for predicting the cracking time of concrete ring test specimens. In a proposed model, the cracking time is defined at the intersection point of tensile stress and strength curves. The tensile stress of concrete is defined by using the elastic modulus of concrete and dry shrinkage strain acquired from compressive and shrinkage tests performed at different concrete ages. The tensile strength of concrete is defined by using the CEB–FIP strength model and the flexural tensile strength acquired from flexural tensile tests performed at different concrete ages. In the comparison with the test results, it is found that the proposed model can accurately predict the cracking time of concrete ring test specimens.
Thermodynamic investigations of Zeotropic mixture of R290, R23 and R14 on three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system
Authors: Sivakumar Mayilsamy , Somasudaram Periasamy
Published: July 2014

The zeotropic mixture of environment friendly refrigerants (hydrocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons) being the only alternatives for working fluid in low temperature refrigeration system. Hence, three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system was studied for the existence using four combinations of three-component zeotropic mixture of six different refrigerants. The exergy analysis confirmed the existence of three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system. The performances of the system like coefficient of performance, exergy lost, exergic efficiency, efficiency defect, and the evaporating temperature achieved were investigated for different mass fractions in order to verify the effect of mass fraction on them. In accordance with the environmental issues and the process of sustainable development, the three-component zeotropic mixture of R290/R23/R14 with the mass fraction of 0.218:0.346:0.436 was performing better and hence can be suggested as an alternative refrigerant for three-stage auto refrigerating cascade system operating at very low evaporating temperature in the range of ?97?C (176 K), at coefficient of performance of 0.253 and comparatively increased exergic efficiency up to 16.3% (58.5%).
The Politics of Teacher Professionalism: Intraprofessional Boundary Work in Swedish Teacher Union Policy
Authors: Lilja Peter
Published: July 2014

Taking the latest reform of Swedish teacher education as a point of departure, the aim of this article is to analyse the way Swedish teacher unions construct a knowledge base for teaching as a strategy of professionalisation. The analysis shows that the unions construct such a knowledge base from opposing points of departure. Their professional ambitions are, thus, challenged by processes of intraprofessional boundary work complicating the construction of a unanimous ‘voice’ of teachers in Swedish education policy debates. This intraprofessional struggle over the meaning of teacher professionalism underlines the political nature of the use of professionalism in the transformed welfare sectors of today. In this respect, the article also underlines the importance of tradition in discussions of what is to be considered a professional teacher. Despite decades of political ambitions to unite Swedish teachers into one single profession, the historical differences between two separate teacher identities continue to fundamentally affect the policy positions of the teacher unions — a development that the recent reorientation of Swedish education policy seems to reinforce. As a result, the usefulness of talking about Swedish teachers as a single profession in the future may be questioned.
Critical Pedagogy and the Decolonial Option: Challenges to the Inevitability of Capitalism
Authors: Monzó Lilia D. , McLaren Peter
Published: July 2014

The demise of capitalism was theoretically prophesied by Marx who posited that the world would come to such a state of destruction and human suffering that no amount of coercion or concessions would suffice to stop the massive uprisings that would lead us into a new socialist alternative. Although the downfall of world capitalism may seem ludicrous, we are seeing multiple examples of uprisings across the world and must seize this moment of possibility. Drawing on revolutionary critical pedagogy and decolonial theory, the authors argue that we must look to the subalterns whose geopolitical position of oppression and their experiences with class struggle may provide important models from which we may build future socialist movements. Specifically, the authors discuss briefly some of the successes of the Cuban and Bolivarian revolutions.
The Pentagon's Military Analyst Program
Authors: Valeri Andy
Published: July 2014

This article provides an investigatory overview of the Pentagon's military analyst program, what it is, how it was implemented, and how it constitutes a form of propaganda. A technical analysis of the program is applied using the theoretical framework of the propaganda model first developed by Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman. Definitions and parameters of what constitutes propaganda as outlined by Chomsky and Herman, particularly through their analysis of ‘filtering’ mass media news through ‘sourcing’, are drawn on in order to determine how various aspects of the program can be qualified as propaganda.
A Very Low-Carbohydrate, Low–Saturated Fat Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Tay Jeannie , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie D. , Thompson Campbell H. , Noakes Manny , Buckley Jon D. , Wittert Gary A. , Yancy William S. , Brinkworth Grant D.
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE

To comprehensively compare the effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high–unsaturated/low–saturated fat diet (LC) with those of a high–unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC) on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Obese adults (n = 115, BMI 34.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, age 58 ± 7 years) with T2DM were randomized to a hypocaloric LC diet (14% carbohydrate [<50 g/day], 28% protein, and 58% fat [<10% saturated fat]) or an energy-matched HC diet (53% carbohydrate, 17% protein, and 30% fat [<10% saturated fat]) combined with structured exercise for 24 weeks. The outcomes measured were as follows: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycemic variability (GV; assessed by 48-h continuous glucose monitoring), antiglycemic medication changes (antiglycemic medication effects score [MES]), and blood lipids and pressure.

RESULTS

A total of 93 participants completed 24 weeks. Both groups achieved similar completion rates (LC 79%, HC 82%) and weight loss (LC −12.0 ± 6.3 kg, HC −11.5 ± 5.5 kg); P ≥ 0.50. Blood pressure (−9.8/−7.3 ± 11.6/6.8 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (−1.4 ± 2.3 mmol/L), and LDL cholesterol (−0.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L) decreased, with no diet effect (P ≥ 0.10). LC achieved greater reductions in triglycerides (−0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L), MES (−0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.2 ± 0.5), and GV indices; P ≤ 0.03. LC induced greater HbA1c reductions (−2.6 ± 1.0% [−28.4 ± 10.9 mmol/mol] vs. −1.9 ± 1.2% [−20.8 ± 13.1 mmol/mol]; P = 0.002) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) increases (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.05 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P = 0.007) in participants with the respective baseline values HbA1c >7.8% (62 mmol/mol) and HDL-C <1.29 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS

Both diets achieved substantial improvements for several clinical glycemic control and CVD risk markers. These improvements and reductions in GV and antiglycemic medication requirements were greatest with the LC compared with HC. This suggests an LC diet with low saturated fat may be an effective dietary approach for T2DM management if effects are sustained beyond 24 weeks.
A Proprioceptive Ability Factor Underlying All Proprioception Tests? Response to Tremblay (2013)
Authors: Han Jia , Waddington Gordon , Adams Roger , Anson Judith
Published: July 2014

There may be a higher-order processing system (or general proprioceptive ability) which receives inputs from various proprioceptive sources across different body areas. In general, Tremblay's (2013) criticisms are overly based on peripheral proprioceptors, and do not represent alternative interpretations or the data generated by studies evaluating those interpretations.
Scaling up safe motherhood program at Dang district: Impact of programmatic intervention
Authors: Chaudhary Shrawan K
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Safe motherhood has been a national priority programme and this article highlights the impact of a good programmatic approach to improve safe motherhood services in a district of mid west region of Nepal. Method: Interventions included strengthening of program- Emergency Obstetric Care Services (EmOC) at district hospital and Primary Health Care Center level (basic and comprehensive), Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA) at Health Post level and Community Based Safe Motherhood interventions at community level. In addition, improved family/community practices for birth preparedness and referral of mothers through building the capacity of individuals and families to demand and utilize health services were also implemented. Results: Met need of Emergency Obstetric Care increased from 2% in 2000 to 27.58 % in 2005/06. Number of births increased in hospital from 1078 (2003/2004) to 1753 (2005/2006). Number of caesarean sections was 10 in 2003/04 whereas it has risen to 174 in 2005/06. Similar trends were noticed in other obstetric procedures such as instrumental deliveries and manual removal of placenta. There has also been a significant increase in utilization of EmOC services among the poorest castes- Dalits and Janjatis (from 6.3% in 2000/01 to 12.7% in 2003/04). Twenty four hours blood transfusion services are made available at district hospital. EmOC fund has saved the life of 676 women who utilized EmOC fund and watch group has referred total 559 women to health facilities. Conclusion: Data from Dang district suggests that if interventions are delivered simultaneously and effectively at community level and health facility level, there is definite impact on various indicators of safe motherhood program. However, frequent turnover of staff, vacant post, lack of provision of 24 hours SBA services, limited budget for construction, training and equipment supports, lack of transportation and communication in remote Village Development Committees are barriers of effective safe motherhood program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10827   Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol.3(2) 2008; 21-25
Comparison of intramyometrial and intramuscular 15 methyl PGF2? against traditional prophylactic intramuscular methergin for the active management of third stage of labor
Authors: Shrestha Anju , Urala MS , Upreti Dhurba , Niraula Surya
Published: July 2014

Objective: To compare intramyometrial, intramuscular (I M) 15 methyl PGF2α with IM Methergin on the duration and blood loss of 3rd and 4th stage of labor. Method: Prospective randomized control study, done from May 2004 to June 2005. Three hundred parturient women were randomly assigned to receive either an intramyometrial or IM 15 methyl PGF2α or IM methergin immediately after delivery of baby. Duration of 3rd stage and blood loss during 3rd and 4th stage of labor was measured. Other parameters measured were – presence of atonic postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), need for MRP, and blood transfusion, any side effects of drugs. Results: Women who received prophylactic intramyometrial PGF2α had significantly shorter duration of 3rd stage of labor (2.3 + 0.66 mins: p= 0.0000) compared to both IM group ( 3.04+1.03 mins) and IM methergin group ( 4.22+ 1.58 mins) and also significantly less blood loss ( median- 110ml; P= 0.0002) compare to both IM group (median-145ml) and IM methergin group( medin-197ml). Conclusion: Intramyometrial PGF2α is better than IM PGF2α and methergin in terms of reducing duration of 3rd stage and blood loss. Thus can be prophylactically used especially in those patients where even minimal blood loss will adversely affect the health of mother. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10829 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol.3(2) 2008; 35-39
Acute presentation of ruptured ovarian cyst secondary to torsion with ipsislateral concomitant ectopic pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Pandey Mahendra R , Ojha Neeva
Published: July 2014

Twenty-one year unmarried regularly menstruating lady without history of amenorrhea presented with acute abdomen in TU Teaching Hospital –Emergency Department. On evaluation urine pregnancy test was positive. Urgent ultrasound revealed multiloculated cystic lesion measuring 8.5 x 8 x 6.7 cms in the right adnexa anterolateral to the uterus with no intrauterine gestational sac. She underwent emergency laparotomy with right salpingo-oophorectomy. On laparotomy there was twisted and ruptured right ovarian cyst with unruptured ampullary pregnancy on the same side. There was coexistence of these two conditions which presented as acute abdomen. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10834 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol.3(2) 2008; 54-56
Algorithm Based on Heuristic Strategy to Infer Lossy Links in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ma Wen-Qing , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2014

With the maturing of the actual application of wireless sensor networks, network fault management is eagerly demanded. Severe link packet loss affects the performance of wireless sensor networks, so it must be found and repaired. Subject to the constraints on limited resources, lossy link is inferred using end to end measurement and network tomography. The algorithm based on heuristic strategy is proposed. This maps the problem of lossy links inferences to minimal set-cover problems. The performance of inference algorithms is evaluated by simulation, and the simulation results indicate feasibility and efficiency of the method.
Cultural Collapse and System Survival Due to Environmental Modification
Authors: Ackland Graeme , Henry Adrien , Williams Alexander , Cohen Morrel
Published: July 2014

We consider a simple mathematical approach to the rise and fall of societies based on population growth and its effects on the environment, both beneficial and detrimental. We find that in any simple model of population dynamics with environmental coupling, stable cultures are impossible. Populations inevitably grow or decline exponentially. Further, if the parameters defining a civilisation are allowed to evolve towards an evolutionarily stable state, the only possible solutions are those where each culture ultimately declines. However, computer simulation with multiple competing cultures show that while each eventually collapses, some are always extant and the system is robust. In this broad class of models, individual death is a requirement for system survival.
Trends in AIDS Incidence in Individuals Aged 50 Years or Older in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1982–2011: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis
Authors: Apratto Junior Paulo , De Lima Barros Mônica , Daumas Regina , De Noronha Andrade Mônica , Monteiro Denise , Vincent Beatriz , Lino Valéria , Rodrigues Nádia
Published: July 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three temporal components of AIDS incidence (i.e., age, period and cohort) on individuals aged 50 or older living in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Methods: Age-specific incidence rates were calculated from 1982–2011. Negative binomial and Poisson models were used to analyze the risk of AIDS by age, period and cohort. Results: The risk of AIDS in men was 2.45 times higher than in women, regardless of age and period (p-value < 0.001). The incidence of AIDS in individuals older than 69 years was 7-fold lower than in those aged 50–59 years (p-value < 0.001). A decreasing trend in AIDS risk was observed from the youngest cohort (≥1940) to the oldest (1910–1919). From 1982 to 2006, we could detect an increasing trend in AIDS risk in the population aged 50 years or older. A peak in rates was detected in the period from 2002–2006. The incidence rates in 2002–2006 were six times higher than those in 1987–1991 (p-value < 0.001), independent of age and sex (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: An increase of AIDS risk in older people was detected. This group should not be neglected by public health programs.
Bioinformatics Study of Cancer-Related Mutations within p53 Phosphorylation Site Motifs
Authors: Ji Xiaona , Huang Qiang , Yu Long , Nussinov Ruth , Ma Buyong
Published: July 2014

p53 protein has about thirty phosphorylation sites located at the N- and C-termini and in the core domain. The phosphorylation sites are relatively less mutated than other residues in p53. To understand why and how p53 phosphorylation sites are rarely mutated in human cancer, using a bioinformatics approaches, we examined the phosphorylation site and its nearby flanking residues, focusing on the consensus phosphorylation motif pattern, amino-acid correlations within the phosphorylation motifs, the propensity of structural disorder of the phosphorylation motifs, and cancer mutations observed within the phosphorylation motifs. Many p53 phosphorylation sites are targets for several kinases. The phosphorylation sites match 17 consensus sequence motifs out of the 29 classified. In addition to proline, which is common in kinase specificity-determining sites, we found high propensity of acidic residues to be adjacent to phosphorylation sites. Analysis of human cancer mutations in the phosphorylation motifs revealed that motifs with adjacent acidic residues generally have fewer mutations, in contrast to phosphorylation sites near proline residues. p53 phosphorylation motifs are mostly disordered. However, human cancer mutations within phosphorylation motifs tend to decrease the disorder propensity. Our results suggest that combination of acidic residues Asp and Glu with phosphorylation sites provide charge redundancy which may safe guard against loss-of-function mutations, and that the natively disordered nature of p53 phosphorylation motifs may help reduce mutational damage. Our results further suggest that engineering acidic amino acids adjacent to potential phosphorylation sites could be a p53 gene therapy strategy.
New Antioxidative Secondary Metabolites from the Fruits of a Beibu Gulf Mangrove, Avicennia marina
Authors: Gao Cheng-Hai , Yi Xiang-Xi , Xie Wen-Pei , Chen Yin-Ning , Xu Ming-Ben , Su Zhi-Wei , Yu Lian , Huang Ri-Ming
Published: July 2014

Further chemical investigation of the fruits of the mangrove, Avicennia marina, afforded three new phenylethyl glycosides, marinoids J–L (1–3), and a new cinnamoyl glycoside, marinoid M (4). The structures of isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of the data with those of related secondary metabolites. The antioxidant activity of the isolates was evaluated using the cellular antioxidant assay (CAA), and compounds 1–4 showed antioxidant activities, with EC50 values ranging from 23.0 ± 0.71 μM to 247.8 ± 2.47 μM.
Bifunctionalized Allenes. Part XV. Synthesis of 2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphospholes by Electrophilic Cyclization Reaction of Phosphorylated α-Hydroxyallenes
Authors: Ismailov Ismail , Ivanov Ivaylo , Christov Valerij
Published: July 2014

This paper discusses a reaction of phosphorylated α-hydroxyallenes with protected or unprotected hydroxy groups involving 5-endo-trig cyclizations. Various electrophilic reagents such as sulfuryl chloride, bromine, benzenesulfenyl and benzeneselenenyl chlorides have been applied. The paper describes the reaction of 1-hydroxyalkyl-1,2-dienephosphonates with electrophiles that produces 2-methoxy-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphospholes due to the participation of the phosphonate neighbouring group in the cyclization. On the other hand, (1E)-alk-1-en-1-yl phosphine oxides were prepared as mixtures with 2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphosphol-2-ium halides in a ratio of about 1:2 by chemo-, regio, and stereoselective electrophilic addition to the C2-C3-double bond in the allene moiety and subsequent concurrent attack of the external (halide anion) and internal (phosphine oxide group) nucleophiles. The paper proposes a possible mechanism that involves cyclization and additional reactions of the phosphorylated α-hydroxyallenes.
Small-Scale Surface Reconstruction and Volume Calculation of Soil Erosion in Complex Moroccan Gully Morphology Using Structure from Motion
Authors: Kaiser Andreas , Neugirg Fabian , Rock Gilles , Müller Christoph , Haas Florian , Ries Johannes , Schmidt Jürgen
Published: July 2014

This study presents a computer vision application of the structure from motion (SfM) technique in three dimensional high resolution gully monitoring in southern Morocco. Due to impractical use of terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) in difficult to access gully systems, the inexpensive SfM is a promising tool for analyzing and monitoring soil loss, gully head retreat and plunge pool development following heavy rain events. Objects with known dimensions were placed around the gully scenes for scaling purposes as a workaround for ground control point (GCP) placement. Additionally, the free scaling with objects was compared to terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) data in a field laboratory in Germany. Results of the latter showed discrepancies of 5.6% in volume difference for erosion and 1.7% for accumulation between SfM and TLS. In the Moroccan research area soil loss varied between 0.58 t in an 18.65 m2 narrowly stretched gully incision and 5.25 t for 17.45 m2 in a widely expanded headcut area following two heavy rain events. Different techniques of data preparation were applied and the advantages of SfM for soil erosion monitoring under complex surface conditions were demonstrated.
The Recovery of Weak Impulsive Signals Based on Stochastic Resonance and Moving Least Squares Fitting
Authors: Jiang Kuosheng , Xu Guanghua , Liang Lin , Tao Tangfei , Gu Fengshou
Published: July 2014

In this paper a stochastic resonance (SR)-based method for recovering weak impulsive signals is developed for quantitative diagnosis of faults in rotating machinery. It was shown in theory that weak impulsive signals follow the mechanism of SR, but the SR produces a nonlinear distortion of the shape of the impulsive signal. To eliminate the distortion a moving least squares fitting method is introduced to reconstruct the signal from the output of the SR process. This proposed method is verified by comparing its detection results with that of a morphological filter based on both simulated and experimental signals. The experimental results show that the background noise is suppressed effectively and the key features of impulsive signals are reconstructed with a good degree of accuracy, which leads to an accurate diagnosis of faults in roller bearings in a run-to failure test.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Articular Cartilage Defects and Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Yu , Yuan Mei , Guo Quan-Yi , Lu Shi-Bi , Peng Jiang
Published: July 2014

Articular cartilage damage and osteoarthritis are the most common joint diseases. Joints are prone to damage caused by sports injuries or aging, and such damage regularly progresses to more serious joint disorders, including osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative disease characterized by the thinning and eventual wearing out of articular cartilage, ultimately leading to joint destruction. Osteoarthritis affects millions of people worldwide. Current approaches to repair of articular cartilage damage include mosaicplasty, microfracture, and injection of autologous chondrocytes. These treatments relieve pain and improve joint function, but the long-term results are unsatisfactory. The long-term success of cartilage repair depends on development of regenerative methodologies that restore articular cartilage to a near-native state. Two promising approaches are (i) implantation of engineered constructs of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded scaffolds, and (ii) delivery of an appropriate population of MSCs by direct intra-articular injection. MSCs may be used as trophic producers of bioactive factors initiating regenerative activities in a defective joint. Current challenges in MSC therapy are the need to overcome current limitations in cartilage cell purity and to in vitro engineer tissue structures exhibiting the required biomechanical properties. This review outlines the current status of MSCs used in cartilage tissue engineering and in cell therapy seeking to repair articular cartilage defects and related problems. MSC-based technologies show promise when used to repair cartilage defects in joints.
Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis R0179 on gastrointestinal viability and general wellness: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults
Authors: Hanifi A. , Culpepper T. , Mai V. , Anand A. , Ford A.L. , Ukhanova M. , Christman M. , Tompkins T.A. , Dahl W.J.
Published: July 2014

A probiotic formulation of Enterococcus faecium R0026 and Bacillus subtilis R0179 has been evaluated in previous clinical trials. However, B. subtilis R0179 has not been evaluated as a single probiotic strain or in combination with other strains at doses higher than 0.1×109 cfu. To establish oral dose-response tolerance and gastrointestinal (GI) viability of B. subtilis R0179, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults (n=81; 18-50 years old) was conducted. Participants received B. subtilis R0179 at 0.1, 1.0 or 10×109 cfu/capsule/day or placebo for four weeks. General wellness was assessed using a daily questionnaire evaluating GI, cephalic, ear-nose-throat, behavioural, emetic, and epidermal symptoms. GI symptoms were further evaluated using a weekly gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). GI transit viability of B. subtilis R0179 was assessed by plating and microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA at baseline, week 4 of the intervention and washout. General wellness and GI function were not affected by oral consumption of B. subtilis R0179 at any dose. Daily questionnaire syndrome scores were not different from baseline and did not exceed a clinically significant score of 1. GSRS syndrome scores were not different from baseline and ranged from 1.1±0.1 to 1.9±0.2. Faecal viable counts of B. subtilis R0179 demonstrated a dose response: the placebo group (1.1±0.1 log10 cfu/g) differed from 0.1×109 (4.6±0.1 log10 cfu/g), 1×109 (5.6±0.1 log10 cfu/g) and 10×109 (6.4±0.1 log10 cfu/g) (P<0.0001). No significant changes in phyla were observed, but sequence reads binned to multiple operational taxonomic units matching closest to Ruminococci increased during probiotic supplementation. B. subtilis R0179 survives passage through the human GI tract and is well tolerated by healthy adults at intakes from 0.1 to 10×109 cfu/day. The trial has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT01802151.
Bioaccessibility of ochratoxin A from red wine in anin vitro dynamic gastrointestinal model
Authors: González-Arias C.A. , Piquer-Garcia I. , Marin S. , Sanchis V. , Ramos A.J.
Published: July 2014

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced byAspergillus andPenicillium species with immunosuppressive, teratogenic, and carcinogenic properties. It has been determined that wine is the second largest source of OTA (10% of total OTA intake) in the European diet and that its presence, even in small doses, can be a problem in terms of long-term toxicity. In this paper, we evaluated the bioaccessibility of OTA in a spiked red wine sample under human fasting conditions using anin vitro dynamic digestion model that includes a continuous-flow dialysis system to simulate intestinal passage. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first examining the bioaccessibility of OTA in wine. A liquid-liquid method was used to extract the OTA and ochratoxin alpha (OTα) from gastrointestinal juices, and the extracts were analysed by HPLC with a fluorescence detector. The bioaccessibility of OTA from the spiked red wine (1.0, 2.0 and 4 μg/l) was high in the gastric compartment (102.8, 128.3 and 122.3%, respectively), whereas in the simulated intestine, it did not exceed 26%, and the amount of OTA that crossed the dialysis membrane was very low (<3.3%). The amount of OTα in gastric chyme ranged from 5.1 to 19.1% of the spiked OTA, whereas in the intestinal compartment it did not exceed 5%. In conclusion, in thein vitro system assayed, OTA exhibited a high bioaccessibility in the simulated stomach, but it decreased after the intestinal digestion and passage through the dialysis membrane.
A comparison of experimental methods for measuring water permeability of porous building rocks
Authors: Galvan S. , Pla C. , Cueto N. , Martínez-Martínez J. , García-del-Cura M. A. , Benavente D.
Published: July 2014

This paper compares different experimental methods for measuring water permeability in 17 different porous building rocks. Both commercial apparatus and specially made designed permeameters are used for characterising intrinsic permeability and hydraulic conductivity, k, of rocks in the range of 10−12 to 10−4 m/s (~ 10−19−10−11 m2 or ~ 10−4−104 mD). We use both falling head and constant head permeameter methods including the triaxial and modified triaxial tests and a classical constant head permeameter.
Results showed that for very low and low permeability samples (k< 10−6 m/s), triaxial conditions were found the most accurate procedures and they provided similar or slightly lower permeability values than constant and falling head methods. The latter techniques were highly recommended for permeable and high permeable porous building materials. Water permeability values were also linked to effective porosity and interpreted in terms of interparticle and vugs porosity. Finally, some modifications in the apparatus and procedures were carried out in order to assess water permeability in soft materials, which involve the use of non-saturated samples.
[ARTÍCULO DESAUTORIZADO] El concepto de ficcionalidad: Teoría y representaciones textuales
Authors: Álamo Felices Francisco
Published: July 2014

DESAUTORIZACIÓN / RETRACTION El Consejo de Redacción de Revista de Literatura, en aplicación de las directrices marcadas por la Guía de Buenas Prácticas de la Editorial CSIC y las recomendaciones de los comités internacionales de ética editorial, debido a un conflicto de duplicidad ha acordado desautorizar formalmente el siguiente artículo: Francisco Álamo Felices (2014). “El concepto de ficcionalidad: Teoría y representaciones textuales”. Revista de Literatura, vol. 76, nº 151, pp. 17-37. doi: 10.3989/revliteratura.2014.01.001 La desautorización se basa en los siguientes hechos: La dirección de la revista recibió, por parte de un lector externo a la propia publicación, notificación de que éste había detectado muchas similitudes entre el mencionado artículo y otro, firmado por el mismo autor, publicado dos años antes por la Universidad de Valladolid en la revista Castilla. Estudios de Literatura. La referencia completa de dicho artículo es: Francisco Álamo Felices (2012). “La ficcionalidad: las modalidades ficcionales”. Castilla. Estudios de Literatura, nº 3, pp. 299-325. Disponible en: https://revistas.uva.es/index.php/castilla/article/view/116 La Revista de Literatura solo admite artículos originales e inéditos, y así consta en sus “Normas para autores”, por lo que, al recibir esta notificación, activó el procedimiento estipulado y procedió a la comparación de ambos textos. Se utilizó para ello una herramienta antiplagio cuyo análisis arrojó una similitud entre ambos textos del 90%. Tras verificar el resultado varias veces, tanto por parte de Revista de Literatura como de Editorial CSIC, se pusieron los hechos en comunicación del autor, a quien se le notificó que se procedería a la desautorización del artículo en su versión electrónica, no sin antes ofrecerle la posibilidad de explicar y justificar la situación producida. A vuelta de correo electrónico, el autor consideró aceptar la resolución adoptada por la revista. Asimismo, se informó al equipo directivo de Castilla. Estudios de Literatura del caso y su resolución. La Revista de Literatura pide disculpas a sus lectores y declara que hará lo posible por evitar que se repitan situaciones similares en el futuro, lamentando que otros originales en espera de ser publicados no hayan podido aprovechar estas páginas ahora desautorizadas. No se tendrán en consideración las posibles réplicas, contrarréplicas o comentarios a esta decisión editorial. Esta nota editorial se incorporará inmediatamente a la versión electrónica del artículo desautorizado y se publicará, en formato impreso y electrónico, en el próximo número de la revista (vol. 82, nº 163, junio 2020). Madrid, 17 de febrero de 2020
Aproximaciones teóricas al prólogo: su papel en la narrativa española reciente
Authors: Arroyo Redondo Susana
Published: July 2014

Entre todos los elementos paratextuales que contribuyen a convertir un texto en libro, el prólogo literario desempeña un papel fundamental a causa de su extensión, su situación y sus matices creativos. Por ello, el presente artículo propone un análisis descriptivo de la función y taxonomía del prólogo, así como reflexiones sobre su valor pragmático y diferencial. Las conclusiones apuntarán al valor autónomo y polisémico que este importante elemento paratextual ha ido adquiriendo modernamente.
Fernando de Vera y el Panegírico por la poesía: a propósito de paternidades
Authors: Delgado Moral Carmen
Published: July 2014

El presente artículo analiza la biografía y producción literaria de Fernando de Vera y Mendoza, autor al que ya desde el siglo XVII le fue atribuida la autoría de un tratado sobre teoría poética titulado Panegírico por la poesía, aparecido en Montilla (Córdoba) el mismo año de la muerte de Luis de Góngora; las difíciles relaciones que este autor mantuvo con su padre, un personaje poderoso en la vida política de la España de ese momento histórico, nos han servido de base para justificar la anonimia de un texto marcado desde sus orígenes por la ambigu.edad en su atribución.
Measurement of retention functions with hysteresis using ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Weihnacht B. , Boerner F.
Published: July 2014

The non‐invasive measurement of water retention functions employing geophysical methods involves the determination of the timely variation of water content using parametrized petrophysical models. Over the last two decades several methods have been published, which are based on the dielectric constant derived from ground‐penetrating radar measurements and their relation to the water content. While it is error‐prone to ascertain true radar traveltimes from radar reflection data, ground wave or diffraction analysis, transmission measurements are quite accurate. Soil water content is classically estimated by a simple equation or a mixing law derived from small‐scale laboratory analysis, which may deny clarification of hydraulic constraints. However, the application of these relationships for the in situ determination of retention functions from water content may lead to non‐representative results.

For this reason, the aim of this study was to measure non‐invasively representative retention functions including their hysteresis of large sand samples using radar transmission data. Experiments were conducted in a two metre high rectangular Plexiglas© tank with a sample volume of 0.6 m3, being the main component of the set up. Implemented radar transmission measurements provided profiles of the dielectric constant across the transition between the water saturated zone and unsaturated soil zone. The spatiotemporal variations of water content induced by the multi‐step‐outflow/ inflow method were monitored with fixed transmitter‐receiver‐positions.

A new petrophysical model, applicable to sand and incorporating the dielectric effect of hydraulic residual water, was developed to transform radar traveltimes into volumetric water content. This model can be easily calibrated on the basis of the monitored water contents at a fixed site because it includes the defined hydraulic conditions of fully gravitational drainage and full water saturation. Even the consideration of just two water phases with different dielectric properties allowed a satisfactory fitting. Following from the study, a complete retention function was obtained for each sand sample and characterized by a set of van‐Genuchten‐parameters. The work demonstrated that if a reference level of the water table is known from independent measurements, it is possible to determine retention functions reliably. Despite the fact, however, that further experiments are required, the results of this investigation offer a powerful tool for in situ determination of retention functions and the estimation of van‐Genuchten parameters with radar measurements, either in boreholes or from the surface.
Global inversion of GPR traveltimes to assess uncertainties in CMP velocity models
Authors: Hamann Göran , Tronicke Jens
Published: July 2014

Velocity models are essential to process two‐ and three‐dimensional ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data. Furthermore, velocity information aids the interpretation of such data sets because velocity variations reflect important material properties such as water content. In many GPR applications, common midpoint (CMP) surveys are routinely collected to determine one‐dimensional velocity models at selected locations. To analyse CMP data gathers, spectral velocity analyses relying on the normal‐moveout (NMO) model are commonly employed. Using Dix’s formula, the derived NMO velocities can be further converted to interval velocities which are needed for processing and interpretation. Because of the inherent assumptions and limitations of such approaches, we investigate and propose an alternative procedure based on the global inversion of reflection travel‐times. We use a finite‐difference solver of the Eikonal equation to accurately solve the forward problem in combination with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find one‐dimensional GPR velocity models explaining our data. Because PSO is a robust and efficient global optimization tool, our inversion approach includes generating an ensemble of representative solutions that allows us to analyse uncertainties in the model space. Using synthetic data examples, we test and evaluate our inversion approach to analyse CMP data collected across typical near‐surface environments. Application to a field data set recorded at a well‐constrained test site including a comparison to independent borehole and direct‐push data, further illustrates the potential of the proposed approach, which includes a straightforward and understandable appraisal of non‐uniqueness and uncertainty issues, respectively. We conclude that our methodology is a feasible and powerful tool to analyse GPR CMP data and allows practitioners and researchers to evaluate the reliability of CMP derived velocity models.
Le vaisselier du vin (xiiie-xvie siècle). Contribution à l’histoire du goût
Authors: Alexandre-Bidon Danièle
Published: July 2014

Au xiiie siècle, de nouveaux objets propres au service du vin sont fabriqués par les artisans potiers et verriers. Ils font écho aux manières de table et à l’intérêt pour l’œnologie qui se diffusent à cette même date. La transparence du verre et les décors des pichets en céramique sont autant de révélateurs de l’évolution des modes de consommation. Une catégorie particulière d’ustensiles de table, les pots surprise (puzzle jugs) et les verres trompeurs, dévoile même un aspect non renseigné par les sources écrites de la convivialité du vin, fondée sur le rire comme facteur d’agrégation au sein d’un groupe social.
Les vignes et vignerons d’Orléans à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Michaud-Fréjaville Françoise
Published: July 2014

Orléans, grande ville du domaine royal à la fin du Moyen Âge était réputée pour son fleuve et son Université, mais aussi pour son immense vignoble dont la production faisait vivre une bonne partie de la population, dans et hors les murs. La documentation est inégale et provient de quelques établissements religieux mais surtout d’assez riches fonds de notaires et de la comptabilité urbaine. On trouve des clos de vigne dans les quarante-trois paroisses environnantes et jusqu’aux remparts de la cité ; il y pousse de l’« auvernat », du pinot noir, du fromenteau. L’important trafic de vin a provoqué la création de l’impôt du « douzième » du vin acheté, une des ressources principales de la ville après 1385. Les façons n’ont rien de particulier, sinon qu’elles sont souvent menées par des entrepreneurs qui font travailler des apprentis bien trop âgés pour ne pas être des ouvriers à bas coût qui finissent même par prendre la place des femmes lors des vendanges.
Manières de boire et sociabilité du vin en Andalus
Authors: Clément François
Published: July 2014

Malgré la prohibition qui frappe les boissons alcoolisées dans l’Islam, la production et la consommation du vin se sont maintenues dans le monde arabo-musulman, en particulier dans la péninsule Ibérique. La documentation, plus ou moins abondante selon les milieux sociaux concernés, conduit à distinguer les pratiques populaires, qui ont généralement pour cadre la taverne, les parties de campagne et diverses fêtes ou réjouissances, et les pratiques mondaines, notamment celles qui caractérisent le mağlis al-uns ou salon de sociabilité du prince, à l’instar de celui qui fut organisé par le roi de Tolède Yaḥyā Ier Ibn Ḏī l-Nūn en 1063. Mais quel que soit le milieu social, il existe des constantes qui permettent de définir l’œnophilie arabo-andalouse et de l’inscrire dans une tradition plus générale remontant à l’Antiquité et se perpétuant, à travers continuités et ruptures, jusqu’à notre époque.
Entre le trauma et le coma
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis
Published: July 2014

Le terme de « création » s’agissant de la production artistique ne nous semble pas approprié. Parce que le modèle est théologique, cette référence n’apparaissant qu’avec le Romantisme. Il est d’autant plus inapproprié à l’ère numérique où l’artiste n’a plus affaire à de la matière au sens propre, mais à du langage. Ce terme n’avait aucun sens pour les Grecs, où la mémoire était la « mère des Muses. »Cette maternité peut d’ailleurs être remise en cause, si l’on considère les cas de certains peintres comme Sam Francis aux États-Unis, Beuys en ex-RFA ou Germain Rœsz en France. Quelles sont les caractéristiques d’une production qui surgit après un coma ? Nous nous intéresserons donc à des artistes dont l’horizon ne fut pas muséal. Mais hospitalier, dans un sens large…
Pour une esthétique benjaminienne : couleur, pore, pli
Authors: Skopin Denis
Published: July 2014

Ce texte s’interroge sur la possibilité de l’esthétique benjaminienne en peinture. À la suite des travaux de J.-L. Déotte, il essaie de dégager quelques concepts importants pour l’esthétique du jeune Benjamin, tels que la couleur, le pore, le pli, le tissu, et de montrer comment ces concepts font leur apparition dans la peinture de G. Rœsz.
Le cinéma et la photographie face à la violence extrême
Authors: Vera Adolfo
Published: July 2014

Siegfried Kracauer est l’un des premiers philosophes (avec Walter Benjamin) à avoir développé les rapports entre les aspects techniques des appareils de reproduction mécanique d’images et les questions politiques qui déchirent la pensée après les grandes catastrophes de la modernité. L’analyse des implications politiques que les moyens techniques de représentation peuvent avoir lorsqu’il s’agit justement de « représenter » ce qui détruit la représentation elle-même devra nécessairement se confronter à la théorie de Kracauer ; théorie selon laquelle l’écran photo-cinématographique peut s’identifier au bouclier poli donné par Athéna à Persée et grâce auquel celui-ci a pu contempler, sans mourir, le visage de la Gorgone. La mise au jour des éléments théoriques indispensables pour la compréhension d’une telle conception sera exemplifiée par le documentaire récent d’un jeune réalisateur chilien : La ciudad de los fotógrafos (Sebastian Moreno, Chili, 2006).
La villégiature balnéaire sur la Côte de Caen au xixe siècle : représentations à travers les guides touristiques et les journaux balnéaires
Authors: Brémond Sandie
Published: July 2014

Guides touristiques et journaux balnéaires portent chacun un regard particulier sur la Côte de Caen, d’où l’intérêt de leur étude parallèle pour mieux appréhender cette vie balnéaire durant la saison. Pour ces compagnons du villégiateur, tout est bon pour valoriser ces stations balnéaires, mais chacun a son style et ses intérêts. Les guides à l’allure formatée présentent plus volontiers des itinéraires tandis que les journaux balnéaires tendent à se démarquer par leur ton, celui de l’humour, et par de multiples anecdotes ponctuant leurs colonnes, lesquelles exposent la vie balnéaire de ces « petits trous pas chers ».
La villégiature en Île-de-France, une évidence
Authors: Bussière Roselyne
Published: July 2014

Plus de trente ans de travaux du service de l’Inventaire en Île-de-France ont permis d’engranger une connaissance approfondie du territoire qui a été répertorié. Si le patrimoine de la villégiature n’a pas fait l’objet d’études thématiques, il n’en est pas moins omniprésent dans des lieux attendus, comme Le Vésinet mais aussi plus cachés comme Porcheville. En Île-de-France, la présence des élites parisiennes et versaillaises est le facteur le plus déterminant du développement de la villégiature. Au xviiie siècle, maisons de plaisance et maisons de campagne se multiplient mettant en place une typologie en trois déclinaisons (l’« excentrique », le « simple », le « château ») qui a la vie longue. La passion pour les paysages guide les implantations. Ces caractères perdurent au xixe siècle : il n’y a pas de rupture, seulement un élargissement géographique et social. Lotissements concertés, colonies, lotissements diffus recherchent les mêmes sites privilégiés, parcs de château, forêts, bords de fleuve. Les maisons de villégiature se dotent d’éléments distinctifs, le belvédère, la salle de billard, le salon de musique, le parc avec grotte, autant d’éléments hérités des siècles antérieurs et qui sont repris dans l’architecture urbaine, si bien que le paysage urbain de la banlieue est directement marqué par celui de la villégiature.
Comment sécuriser l'accès au foncier pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire des populations africaines : éléments de réflexion
Authors: Brondeau Florence
Published: July 2014

Agricultures familiales et agrobusiness sont deux systèmes agricoles que l'on oppose régulièrement quant à leurs capacités respectives à assurer la sécurité alimentaire des populations africaines. Ils apparaissent difficilement conciliables en particulier quant aux politiques foncières spécifiques qui leur sont associées. De fait, alors que l'ONU a proclamé 2014 « l'Année internationale des agricultures familiales », les paysans restent confrontés à une compétition foncière qui les condamne à survivre sur des surfaces insuffisantes à assurer la viabilité des exploitations; ceci alors que l’agrobusiness semble connaître un essor renforcé et s'approprier des surfaces foncières croissantes. Les effets dénoncés des attributions foncières à grande échelle et l'urgence de garantir l’approvisionnement alimentaire des populations suscitent la promotion de systèmes de production alternatifs (renouveau de l'agriculture contractuelle, développement des circuits courts), mais la sécurisation de l'accès au foncier conditionne pour partie la capacité des agricultures familiales à contribuer à la sécurisation des circuits d'approvisionnement alimentaires. Encore faut-il se questionner quant à la définition même de la sécurité foncière et aux modalités de sa mise en œuvre. Par ailleurs, la sécurisation du foncier est certes nécessaire, mais elle n'est sans doute pas suffisante pour susciter le processus de développement des exploitations familiales attendu.