bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Discovery of a Lost Zone Through Successful Carbonate Rock Solids Cleanout in Open-Hole Section Using Coiled Tubing
Authors: Al-Ibrahim Abdullah , Al-Bader Haifa , Packirisamy S.. , Sagar Vidya , Manimaran A..
Published: October 2017

Objectives / Scope

The objective of this paper is to present an uncommon challenge of formation solids production from open-hole section while testing and completing deep HPHT carbonate formations and successful application of coiled tubing technique for effective wellbore cleanouts to rediscover the exploratory well.

Method, Procedures, Process

A discovery of oil and gas from a new field was lost because of well complications during well completion operation. Re-entry was made in the existing exploratory well to reactivate the discovered zone since the zone of interest could not be cased due to drilling complications and completed the well in 3-7/8" open-hole section for production purposes. Open-hole completions are difficult to manage due to the various stabilizing and destabilizing factors. While tubing check by slick line it has been found that the well was filled with sludge/solids up to the kick of point (15,830 ft). Deeper, deviated and open-hole well presents challenging task of carrying out interventions to unlock the reservoir potential. Cleaning of rock solids in the open-hole section in this deviated well is more challenging and critical which requires new methodology in order to achieve effective well bore cleaning.

Carbonate formation solids production is different from the common problem of sand production from the unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. As there is possibility of solid production from the open-hole section, a methodology for cleaning of solid fill in open-hole section using 1-1/5 inch coiled tubing with modified jetting tool was applied. While circulating 1.5 ppg brine to clean out fill, the well became active.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

The uncommon problem of formation solid production was managed well within the available resources. Mechanical restriction in a highly deviated and open-hole section was cleared successfully by using coiled tubing intervention to improve efficiency, reduce cost, reduce operating time and allow early production. The lost discovery was rediscovered by overcoming all challenges. During production phase it was observed that the solid plugging in production tubing is occurring frequently in this case study well. The solid production problem faced during testing was re-evaluated and the risks are properly addressed in future well test procedure.

Novel / Additive Information

This paper addresses the relevant testing, completion, solid cleaning and production issues and discusses the solutions arrived at. This paper also details the application of CT in open-hole well bore cleaning, post cleaning well performance, and lessons learned. The best practice applied in this discovery well will be useful for the future exploratory/delineation wells planned to be drilled in similar reservoir.
First Rigless ICD Acid Stimulation in Horizontal Carbonate Reservoir Arising from Unique High Precision Temperature and Spectral Noise Logging, North Kuwait
Authors: Saleem Eman , Al-Mosaileekh Safiya , Al-Nkhailan Badreyah , Anthony Elred , Al-Matrouk Yousef , Abdel-basset Mohamed , Prosvirkin Sergey , Karantharath R..
Published: October 2017

In recent years, North Kuwait has implemented advanced drilling practices by sidetracking existing wells and drilling long horizontal sections through the reservoir, which are completed with smart completions. These often include up to 20 stages, each of which is isolated using swellable packers. Management of production from these long horizontal sections through these complex completions is highly cost-sensitive and maintaining an optimum production rate is key to the economic success of these type of wells, especially in the current low oil price environment.

In this case study the well was completed with 18 compartments with ICD's/sand screens and each isolated with swell packers(Fig-3). Production decline was dramatic and in three months since bringing the well on production, the gross production decreased by 50%. Quick diagnosis of the problem was crucial to understand the decline mechanism especially the production from each compartment along the horizontal section, determine what key operational steps could be taken to improve the production and then implement this as soon as possible.

Survey was conducted using memory logging tools, High Precision Temperature and Spectral Noise Logging (HPT-SNL), which is a unique data collection and reservoir analysis service, to evaluate the contributing segments along the horizontal lateral. These tools were conveyed on coiled tubing, and the well was kept producing during the 2-day logging programto prevent any production deferment. A detailed reservoir analysis was completed, with the conclusion that out of the 18 oil production intervals, a total of 5 were either poor contributors or not contributing to flow. Based on the results, a stimulation program was designed and implemented targeting these 5 non-productive ICD intervals. Following the stimulation program, the well was re-tested with significant increase in production. A sustained incremental oil production of 180 BOPD was achieved. Identifying the stimulation opportunity in thisunder-performing low rate horizontal well with smart completion and ESP assisted production and implementing the stimulation has been achived riglessly with the use of HPT/SNL tool. Critical to this identification process, was the installation of Y-tool to facilitate deployment of the Logging suite.

Additional benefits gained from this data acquisition were the ability to selectively target zones for stimulation, instead of treating the entire reservoir. Also, the entire operation was conducted with minimum well shut in time. The highlights of the whole operation wereminimum production deferment, major operational cost savings and ultimately return the well to an increased level of production.
An Innovative Methodology for Permeability Estimation in a Carbonate Sequence
Authors: Chen Chao , Ibrahim Hossam El-Din , Abdulkarim Anar , Aki Ahmet
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses an innovative interpretation technique based on the integration of different logging-while-drilling tools to determine the secondary porosity and permeability indicator in horizontal wells drilled in a carbonate sequence.

The study was initiated because for many carbonates, traditional density-neutron porosity, even after calibration to the cores, is only marginally useful for predicting production performance. Consequently, new methods are required for better permeability predictions in such cases. One such method is introduced based on the analysis of vugs.

To determine these vugs, a methodology was introduced that grouped, analyzed, and interpreted available data in a new way. Secondary porosity was estimated and then integrated with average resistivity and conventional density-neutron porosity measurements, which enabled permeability estimates by calibrating them to any other source of permeability indicators; in this case, formation tester mobility measurements were used.

Based on this analysis, the horizontal section was partitioned into several permeability zones according to their petrophysical properties. As a result, several independent measurements were observed to correlate satisfactorily in this environment, which facilitated qualitative permeability predictions and the potential detection of the best production zones. The method was then applied on several additional wells to confirm the relationships and reduce uncertainty within the reservoir sector where data is available.

This paper is based on a previously published work using logging-while-drilling measurements recorded in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs for predicting permeability estimates. It incorporates multiple well analyses using the same technique, as well as a discussion on the viability, integrity, and reliability of logged data and interpreted results. Additional investigation is desirable to better understand the applicability of this method with the integration of other offset data and existing field knowledge.
Improved Determination of Hydrocarbon Saturation in an Unconsolidated Heavy Oil Sand Undergoing Cyclic Steam Stimulation with an Advanced Slim Pulsed Neutron Logging Technology: A Case Study from Kuwait
Authors: Sassi Khaled , Okeke Peter , Saldungaray Pablo , Mirhasanov Ramil , Al-Naqi Ahmad , Pal Arindam , Grover Rahul
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a field application of an advanced slim Pulsed Neutron Logging tool (PNL) for improved determination of hydrocarbon saturation as a key basis to evaluate the reliability of an ongoing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process in an unconsolidated heavy oil sand in Kuwait. The new PNL tool was used to evaluate changes in oil saturation and to track steam movement as part of the ongoing EOR CSS project in the field. This improved determination of hydrocarbon saturation is performed as a baseline prior to CSS and then used for future time-lapse evaluation of effectiveness of recovery during and after CSS using both PNL sigma and inelastic/capture or carbon/oxygen measurements. Its features enhanced capture and inelastic spectroscopy performance, particularly at high temperatures in places where CSS is ongoing due to its 175°C rating compared to 150°C from legacy tools.

Gas, Sigma and Hydrogen Index (GSH), Thermal Decay Porosity (TPHI), lithology, Inelastic Capture (IC) mode was ran at 200 feet per hour (fph); twice the speed legacy PNL tool. Its 3 passes provided better performance than the 5 passes of legacy tool deployed under the same conditions, illustrating its better measurement accuracy. Inelastic spectroscopy logs from near, far detectors provided data for fluid analysis, which demonstrated the benefits from its elevated specifications. Its spectral yields’ results showed better accuracy and improved repeatability between different passes under the same well conditions in spite of logging at twice the speed. Compared to legacy tool, the new PNL technology provided enhanced detectors, new pulsed neutron generator (PNG) and pulsing scheme designed to optimize the gas/steam, sigma and neutron porosity measurements in terms of accuracy. Its faster logging and less exposure time makes it a better fit. Its PNG source and detectors minimize the spectrum degradation caused by high temperatures, hence better signals.

The hydrocarbon saturation from its Carbon/Oxygen ratio and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) derived methods demonstrated consistency and cross validation over the logged interval. The advanced PNL tool fits better compared to the legacy PNL with improved repeatability and excellent precision. It now provides the basis for a reliable determination of hydrocarbon saturation, which will improve the evaluation of EOR CSS ongoing project.
Forage Accumulation and Nutritive Value of Reduced Lignin and Reference Alfalfa Cultivars
Authors: Grev Amanda M. , Wells M. Scott , Samac Deborah A. , Martinson Krishona L. , Sheaffer Craig C.
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Reduced lignin and reference cultivars did not differ in forage accumulation.

Forage accumulation was greater with a fall harvest or a 40‐d cutting schedule.

Reduced lignin alfalfa averaged 8% less acid detergent lignin and 10% greater neutral detergent fiber digestibility.

Cutting treatments with shorter harvest intervals increased forage nutritive value.

Delaying reduced lignin alfalfa harvest increased forage mass and maintained quality.

Reduced lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars have the potential to increase the feeding value of alfalfa for livestock by improving forage fiber digestibility and to increase harvest management flexibility. The objectives were to compare the forage accumulation and nutritive value of reduced lignin and reference alfalfa cultivars when subject to diverse cutting treatments in the establishment and first production year. Research was established in 2015 at four locations in Minnesota. Reference alfalfa cultivars 54R02, DKA43–22RR, WL 355.RR, and the reduced lignin cultivar 54HVX41 were subject to cutting treatments with variable intervals between harvests. Cultivar by cutting treatment interactions were not significant (P > 0.05), but cultivar and cutting treatment effects were significant. Cultivars did not consistently differ in forage accumulation. Establishment year forage accumulation was greater when a fall harvest was taken, and first production year forage accumulation was generally greatest when alfalfa was harvested on a 40‐d cutting schedule. Compared to reference alfalfa cultivars, 54HVX41 had an average of 8% less acid detergent lignin (ADL) and 10% greater neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) but was similar in crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Cutting treatments with shorter harvest intervals increased forage CP and NDFD and decreased NDF and ADL concentrations. With a 5‐d harvest delay, 54HVX41 harvested on a 35‐d harvest interval had a 21% gain in forage mass and a 3% reduction in relative forage quality (RFQ) compared to reference cultivars harvested on a 30‐d harvest interval, which could allow for increased management flexibility.
On‐Farm Winter Wheat Response to Nitrogen‐, Phosphorus‐, Potassium‐, and Sulfur‐Rich Strips in Oklahoma
Authors: Abit M. Joy M. , Shepherd Lance M. , Marburger David A. , Arnall D. Brian
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Thirty‐two percent of the locations had an increase in grain yield with increased nutrient inputs.

Wheat response to additional N was potentially due to underestimated yield potential or N losses attributable to ammonia losses, immobilization, leaching, or environmental conditions.

Response of wheat to additional P was likely a result of underapplication of P fertilizer, especially on low‐pH soils

Winter wheat grain yield response to K fertilization in the high soil test K environment was potentially due to enhanced vegetative growth of wheat during drought conditions.

Soil test SO4–S levels were adequate to produce grain yields above estimated yield goals.

Temporal and spatial variations both play a major role in nutrient requirements and availability. This study was conducted to highlight variability in nutrient requirements across landscapes, soil types, and environments, and to evaluate if Oklahoma producers’ current fertilization management schemes for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) are maximizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields. Nutrient‐rich strips of N, P, K, and S and a farmer‐practice strip were established in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 at 42 and 40 locations in Oklahoma, respectively. Urea (46–0–0), triple super phosphate (0–46–0), potash (0–0–60), and gypsum (19% S) were used as sources of N, P2O5, K2O, and S, respectively. The N‐, P‐, K‐, and S‐rich strips were applied with an additional 105 lb N/acre, 105 lb P2O5/acre, 119 lb K2O/acre, and 43 lb S/acre, respectively, on top of the farmer's fertility practice. Surface (0–6 inches) and subsurface (6–12 inches) soil samples were collected prior to nutrient applications. Of the 82 nutrient‐rich strip locations established, 59 were harvested. Winter wheat grain yield was increased with the addition of N at seven locations, P at nine locations, and K at eight locations. No yield response to additional S fertilizer was observed at any location. A total of 19 locations, 32%, responded to the addition of N, P, or K, demonstrating that there is opportunity for Oklahoma wheat producers to increase yield through improved nutrient management.
Modeling Subsurface Fate of S‐Metolachlor and Metolachlor Ethane Sulfonic Acid in the Westliches Leibnitzer Feld Aquifer
Authors: Kupfersberger Hans , Klammler Gernot , Schumann Andrea , Brückner Lisa , Kah Mélanie
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas

Lysimeter experiments allow site‐specific knowledge about the fate of pesticides.

Lysimeter‐based model calibration provides integrated parameter sets.

Lysimeter scale‐based models were compiled to represent aquifer scale.

Lysimeter scale‐based models were coupled with a groundwater transport model.

The groundwater model reproduced observed metabolite groundwater concentrations.

Pesticides and their metabolites have been increasingly detected in groundwater bodies in southeastern Austria in recent years. The main objective of this study was to model the fate of the herbicide S‐metolachlor (2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐[(1S)‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl]acetamide; SMET) and the main metabolite metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) at the Westliches Leibnitzer Feld (WLF) aquifer. For this purpose, a modeling approach based on coupling the one‐dimensional vadose zone model PEARL and the two‐dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model FEFLOW was developed. To calibrate the one‐dimensional pesticide fate model, we used leachate concentrations of SMET and MESA from lysimeter experiments. Additionally, samples of representative soil types in the WLF aquifer were analyzed to infer SMET‐ and MESA‐specific fate parameters (e.g., half‐life DT50, Freundlich sorption coefficient Kfoc), which were used for the PEARL model. The results show that using SMET fate parameters derived from the lysimeter data considerably improved the fit of the simulation results with the field observations compared with the application of standard laboratory‐derived fate parameters accounting for soil type differences. Although locally an overestimation of the monitoring data prevailed, the description of the subsurface fate of pesticides will improve the interpretation of concentration data and the design of mitigation measures.
Designing and optimizing of a novel sigma-delta modulator using PSO algorithm
Authors: Xu Chi , Jin Yu , Yu Duli
Published: October 2017

The performance of the conventional Sigma-Delta modulator can be improved by cascading electrical integrator behind the mechanical sensing element. In this paper, a novel Sigma-Delta modulator with a fractional-order PIλDμ controller is proposed and thus extending the traditional Sigma-Delta modulator to a new fractional-order in the Sigma-Delta ADC design field. The fractional-order PIλDμ controller allows fine tuning accuracy in seeking the coefficients for the proposed Sigma-Delta modulator and provides the robust stability in the placement of poles and zeros for compensating the phase delays. The parameters of the proposed fractional-order Sigma-Delta modulator is designed by using swarm intelligent algorithm, which offers opportunity to simplify the process of tuning parameters and further improve the noise performance. Simulation from the proposed fractional-order Sigma-Delta modulator, results of SNR > 134 dB and the noise floor under –170 dB are obtained in frequency range of [5-150 Hz].
Reconstructing the acoustic far-field using a semi-circular sensor array
Authors: Su Jun Bo , Wang Cheng Min , Xiao Yu Jie
Published: October 2017

A method to reconstruct the acoustic far-field using a semi-circular sensor array is proposed. Firstly, the pressures in the acoustic far-field are measured by a semi-circular sensor array; then, the acoustic far-field is reconstructed based on the theory of acoustic radiation modes. The numerical simulations for reconstructing the acoustic far-field of a baffled rectangular plate are conducted. The results show that the acoustic far-field of the baffled rectangular plate can be reconstructed accurately by a few sensors on the semi-circular array. The influence of noise to the reconstruction of acoustic field is analyzed, and the robustness of the proposed method is proved. This paper provides a method for the reconstruction of acoustic far-field through a simple measuring array. The method can be applied to the acoustic field reconstruction of large structures, and has good engineering application prospects.
Research of piezoelectric acoustic liner
Authors: Liu Jibin , Lv Haifeng , Han Yannan , Zhao Jing
Published: October 2017

The piezoelectric acoustic liner is a new type of acoustic liner that uses piezoelectric patches to replace the traditional mechanical structure. Its working principle is to change the resonator volume of acoustic liner by inverse piezoelectric effect. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the deformation of piezoelectric patches and the acoustic performance of piezoelectric acoustic liner, when the piezoelectric patch deformation is 0.1 mm, the noise elimination frequency band offset of the acoustic liner is about 30 Hz, and related experiments are designed. The experimental results confirm that noise elimination frequency range of piezoelectric acoustic liner is 1100 Hz to 1300 Hz within the voltage range of 0 V to 200 V.
Detection and localization of closely distributed damages via lamb wave sparse reconstruction
Authors: Hua Jiadong , Lu Chen , Wang Zili , Lin Jing
Published: October 2017

Ultrasonic Lamb wave is a promising tool for structural health monitoring and nondestructive evaluation of plate-like structures. Using an array with several piezoelectric discs for damage imaging (i.e. visual detection and localization) is of interest. Commonly used delay-and-sum method is limited for overlapped signals when several damages are closely distributed in the structure. To overcome this limitation, modal-based sparse reconstruction imaging method is applied for adjacent damages in this study. Firstly, Lamb wave dispersion curve is obtained by solving the Rayleigh-Lamb equations. Subsequently, propagation modal of the damage-reflected signal is constructed based on the solved dispersion curve. Finally, the modal is used for damage imaging via sparse reconstruction and basis pursuit de-noising. Experimental data measured in an aluminum plate is considered, and the result demonstrates that the sparse reconstruction imaging method is effective to detect and localize closely distributed damages in the presence of signal overlapping.
Rolling bearing fault diagnosis based on health baseline method
Authors: Zhang Tong , Lu Chen , Tao Laifa , Li Kun
Published: October 2017

In order to excavate the relationship between the different features of the vibration signal, and to provide more useful information for the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, this paper developed a new method of fault diagnosis-health baseline method and introduced the technological process of this method in detail. Through the case study, a health baseline based on two kinds of linear models was constructed. After testing, this method can distinguish the normal state of the rolling bearing, the external ring fault and the rolling element fault, which indicates that the method was feasible and effective for the fault diagnosis of the rolling bearing.
Impacto del m-learning en el proceso de aprendizaje: habilidades y conocimiento / The Impact Of m-learning On The Learning Process: Skills and Knowledge
Authors: Rodríguez Arce Jorge , Juárez Pegueros Juan Pablo Coba
Published: October 2017

El uso de dispositivos móviles y tabletas como herramientas de apoyo en el proceso de aprendizaje es conocido como m-learning. Una tarea de aprendizaje puede dividirse en dos partes: el conocimiento y las habilidades involucradas. El uso de los dispositivos móviles y tabletas como herramienta de aprendizaje en el aula de clases puede considerarse favorable, por lo que se realizó una revisión de la literatura existente centrándose en la pregunta ¿qué impacto tiene el uso del m-learning en el proceso de aprendizaje? Con base en los trabajos revisados, se puede concluir que no existe una tendencia clara respecto al uso del m-learning dentro y fuera del aula de clases, y en algunos casos los resultados son contradictorios entre distintos autores.De los trabajos revisados se identificaron dos desventajas del uso del m-learning en el proceso de aprendizaje: la falta de desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas necesarias para la tarea de aprendizaje y la incorrecta incorporación de las modalidades de interacción disponibles en los dispositivos de m-learning para favorecer el proceso de enseñanza. De esta manera en este trabajo se propone una metodología de diseño de aplicaciones de m-learning, la cual considera el estudio de las habilidades involucradas en la tarea de aprendizaje (dividiendo dicha tarea en habilidades primarias y secundarías) y así detectar las principales características o requisitos que se deben de considerar cuando se quiere enseñar o entrenar una tarea con la finalidad de identificar características muy específicas que deben ser desarrolladas de dichas habilidades. Después de identificar las habilidades se propone considerar su relación con los modos de interacción disponibles en los dispositivos móviles con la finalidad de realizar la integración de ambos en una estrategia de enseñanza que favorezca la adquisición de la tarea. Como trabajo futuro se propone considerar la metodología propuesta en distintas tareas de enseñanza para realizar la validación formal de dicha metodología y los resultados obtenidos aporten información para identificar el impacto que tiene el m-learning en el proceso de enseñanza.
KANDUNGAN GULA TEREDUKSI DAN VITAMIN C DALAM BUAH PISANG NANGKA (Musa paradisiaca forma typica) SETELAH PEMERAMAN DENGAN ETHREL DAN DAUN TANAMAN
Authors: Harta Diani Pande Ni Putu , Ria Defiani Made
Published: October 2017

longer than other bananas and the availability is limited. One way to accelerate the availability of banana is by treating it naturaly andchemical. How to do in determining the ripeness of bananas as morphological and chemical analysis.The objectives of this study wereto explore the utilization of Gliricidia sepium leaf, cocoa leaf, banana leaf and ethylene and the duration of treatment to the maturitylevel of Musa paradisiaca forma typica, vitamin C, vitamin A, reducing sugar content as well as ripening time and rotting. CompletelyRandomized Design was used with 2 factors, the duration of curing with 3 treatments ie L1 (curing for 3 days), L2 (curing for 6 days)and L3 (curing for 9 days) and type of calibration method used was C0 (control), C1 (curing with ethylene 0,5%), C2 (curing withbanana leaf), C3 (curing with Gliricidia sepium leaf) and C4 (curing with cocoa leaf) . Each treatment combination was repeated 4times with 3 experimental units. The results showed that curing with cocoa leaves and 0.5% ethylene affected banana maturity.Ethylene (0.5%) increase the maturation score and vitamin C. Cocoa increased maturation score, reducing sugar and vitamin Ccontent. The longer the curing the more increase the maturation score and increase the reducing sugar content.Keywords: Musa paradisiaca forma typica, ethylene, cocoa leaf, banana leaf, G. sepium leaf
Migración y codesarrollo desde Cataluña: un análisis de sus fortalezas y debilidades
Authors: Garreta Bochaca Jordi , Llevot Calvet Nùria
Published: October 2017

El texto parte de una primera aproximación teórica y política sobre el “codesarrollo” en España y Cataluña para, posteriormente, realizar un análisis a partir de entrevistas en profundidad a representantes de instituciones, entidades y asociaciones que desarrollan proyectos bajo este nombre (un total de 11) en la comunidad autónoma de Cataluña. Más allá de presentar cómo definen el codesarrollo, se detecta cuáles son al parecer de los entrevistados los puntos fuertes y las debilidades de este tipo de proyectos. Además, se presenta el impacto que ha tenido en ellos la crisis económica y el futuro que les conceden.
Presentación Monográfico Migraciones y codesarrollo Senegal España: efectos en las regiones de origen-
Authors: Llevot Calvet Nùria , Fall Papa Demba
Published: October 2017

La profesora Nuria Llevot obtuvo financiación, en 2015, para el Proyecto "Cooperación interuniversitaria Europa-África. Migraciones internacionales: investigación y transferencia”, desde la convocatoria de la Oficina de Desarrollo y Cooperación (ODEC) de la Universidad de Lleida, con otros investigadores del grupo de investigación “Análisis Social y Educativo” (GR-ASE), SGR-307 de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Jordi Garreta, Jordi Domingo y Olga Bernad), y otros procedentes del Instituto de África Negra (Papa Demba, Bara Mboup, Ismaila Ciss y Yassine Mame Sarr). Por ello aprovechamos este espacio para agradecer a ODEC que esta investigación y publicación haya sido posible y, especialmente, su interés y apoyo en todo momento.
Performance IEEE 802.14.5 and zigbee protocol on realtime monitoring augmented reality based wireless sensor network system
Authors: Editya Arda Surya , Sumpeno Surya , Pratomo Istas
Published: October 2017

The internet of Thing (IoT)technology has much development in this era. It has various wireless media transmission systems such as ESP and XBEE. Some IoT device can monitor website or application. On the other hand, Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that used more on the entertainment sector. Here, we try to use AR to monitor the xbee based IoT device. As a result, there is the different result between Zigbee Protocol and IEEE 802.14.5 real time monitoring system. The optimum estimation of realtime time tolerance of those monitoring systems is >1500 ms (IEEE 804.14.5) and > 50 ms (Zigbee protocol).
ОСНОВИ ВИГОТОВЛЕННЯ ПОРИСТИХ ТЕПЛОІЗОЛЯЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НА ОСНОВІ ГІДРОСИЛІКАТІВ
Authors: Haponiuk M. M. , Sobchenko V. V.
Published: October 2017

Наведено технологічні аспекти виготовлення пористих теплоізоляційних заповнювачів на основі гідросилікатів, представлено шляхи покращення якості кінцевого продукту.
ЛІТІЙАЛЮМОСИЛІКАТНІ СТЕКЛА ЯК ОСНОВА ПРИ ОДЕРЖАННІ БРОНЕСИТАЛІВ
Authors: Savvova O. V , Babich O. V. , Voronov H. K. , Sobol Iu. O. , Hryvtsova A. O.
Published: October 2017

Встановлена перспективність використання літійалюмосилікатних стекол як основи при розробці склокристалічних високоміцних матеріалів для елементів індивідуального бронезахисту. Обгрунтовано вибір системи R2O–RO–RO2–R2O3–LiF– CaF2–P2O5–SiO2, досліджено область склоутворення та синтезовано склади модельних стекол. Досліджено структуру модельних стекол після варки у взаємозв’язку з їх фізико- хімічними властивостями. Встановлено, що розроблені літійалюмосилікатні стекла характеризуються високими експлуатаційними властивостями і можуть бути використані при створенні сучасної композиційної броні.
РОЗРОБКА КЕРАМІЧНОЇ МАСИ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА КЛІНКЕРУ ТА БРУКУВАННЯ ДОРІГ
Authors: Ohorodnik I. V. , Oksamyt T. V.
Published: October 2017

У статті подані керамічні маси для виробництва керамічного клінкеру та брукування доріг. Розглянуто хімічний склад компонентів керамічних мас. Описано особливості технології отримання спеченого черепку.
ВЫСОКОПРОЧНЫЕ НЕАВТОКЛАВНЫЕ И МИКРОПОРИСТЫЕ АВТОКЛАВНЫЕ ГАЗОБЕТОНЫ
Authors: Dashkova T. S. , Hlukhovskyi V. V. , Hlukhovskyi I. V.
Published: October 2017

Приведены результаты исследования основных физико-механических свойств ячеистых бетонов на основе крупнотоннажных отходов металлургии. Установлен вид зависимости прочности бетонов ячеистой структуры от прочности материала матрицы. Представлены результаты исследования свойств микропористого газобетона.
Physics in Medical Science
Authors: Poudel Parashu Ram
Published: October 2017

The domain of Physics covers vast area of scientific knowledge. Basic research on assemblies of atomic or nuclear radiation and gyromagnetic moments led to powerful technique for studying molecular structure as well as solid lattices. It led to invention and development of modern medical diagnostic and theraputic tools which have revolutionized the medical practices. Advancement in medical researches as seen today will be well-nigh impossible without the use of the finding of Physics. The funding made on Physics is in fact another way of funding made on human health.Keywords: Radioactivity; Crystallography; Radioimmune assay; MRI; CAT; PETThe Himalayan PhysicsVol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 43-46Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011
Concentration Fluctuation in Long Wavelength Limit in Liquid Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Adhikari D , Singh B. P. , Jha I. S.
Published: October 2017

The microscopic structure of MgSn liquid alloy at 1073K has been studied by using regular associated solution model. For this we have calculated the concentration fluctuation in long wave length limit [SCC(0)] and chemical short range order parameter (α1) of liquid MgSn alloy at 1073 K.Keywords: Binary Alloy; Complex; Chemical order; Microscopic FunctionThe Himalayan Physics Vol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 47-49Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011
The Dark Energy Problem: An Inspiration for New Physics
Authors: Neupane Ishwaree P.
Published: October 2017

As much as physics has advanced in the 20th century and the beginning of the current one, reaching astounding accuracy when comparing modern theories of particle physics and general relativity to experimental results, there has been a signi cant progress in observational and theoretical cosmology. Despite these progresses, we have not been able to account for what seems to be nearly 73% of the energy budget of the universe and hence its mystic name 'dark energy'. The dark energy problem provides an inspiration for seeking new laws or symmetries in nature: more precisely, a search for concise and fundamentally simple relationship between the 4D Planck mass and the present size of the universe (or the present value of the Hubble expansion parameter).Keywords: Observational and theoretical cosmology; Dark energy; 4D Planck massThe Himalayan Physics Vol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 57-60Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011
The question on origin of the universe and Big Bang
Authors: Adhikari Krishna Raj
Published: October 2017

School of thought is the theory of creation (theism) and school of thought deals with the random chance of evolution (atheism) about the origin of the universe and origin of the life. In the race of proof of the hypothesis, the theism has no scientific evidence and reliable proof, on the other hand atheism based on the scientific observable evidence. The latest theory of origin of the universe by Big Bang is more believable and supported by some scientific evidence such as Doppler effect on light, Hubble observation and result of the expanding the universe and observation of the cosmic microwave background radiation(CMBR). Paper briefly discussing about the origin of the universe and the Bing Bang.Key words: Big bang; Doppler; Cosmic microwave background radiation(CMBR)The Himalayan Physics Department of Physics, PN Campus, Pokhara Nepal Physical Society, Western Regional ChapterVol.2, No.2, May, 2011Page: 67-70Uploaded Date: 1 August, 2011
Study of Tea Aroma Based on Zinc Oxide Nanorod Sensing Element
Authors: Karki I. B. , Nakarmi J. J. , Mandal P. K. , Chatterjee S.
Published: October 2017

Flavour type of tea liquor is a very important factor in identification of quality of Indian tea. Though the main aromatic ingredients in made tea are same, the quality of made tea mainly differ from their flavour types, which rely on their trace volatile components. CTC Tea is known for its strength and processed to retain its strong taste whereas Orthodox Tea is processed to retain mostly its aroma. Usually the Quality of tea is sensed by Tea Tasters and classified by smelling and very few devices are available to calibrate the Flavour. In this paper, resistance change of zinc oxide nanorods was investigated in an atmosphere of different types of tea infusion with an objective to produce a low cost alternative to classify tea by its quality. Zinc Oxide nanorods were fabricated on a glass substrate by sol-gel spin coating technique. The ZnO film possessed a columnar structure consisting of small crystals with an average grain size of around 5 nm. The sensing properties of the ZnO film were tested for two different Tea liquors, namely, Assam CTC Tea and Darjeeling Orthodox Tea. An obvious change in resistance of the ZnO film was observed when the sensor was exposed to gas mixture. The Nanostructured elements showed higher sensitivity than the larger sized grains and pores. The response time was quite fast with large value of signal-to-noise ratio. This work shows potential application of nanostructured zinc oxide as one of the sensing elements in a sensor array for monitoring the quality of Indian tea.The Himalayan Physics, Vol. 3, No.3, July 2012
Compositional, Structural, and Optical Characterizations of In1-XGaxN Epilayers Grown by High Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Acharya Ananta R. , Thoms Brian D.
Published: October 2017

The compositional, structural and optical characterizations of In1-xGaxN epilayers grown by high pressure chemical vapor deposition have been carried out using Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and optical transmission spectroscopy. Auger electron spectroscopy revealed 14% gallium and 86% indium composition of the total metal contents in the In1-xGaxN epilayers. X-ray diffraction pattern showed three prominent peaks centered at 31.4?, 32.86? and 34.5? which are assigned to In1-xGaxN (0002), In (101) and GaN (0002) Bragg reflexes respectively. These results indicate no macroscopic observable phase separation in the analyzed In1-xGaxN sample. The optical transmission spectroscopy and the Beer-Lambert’s law quatified the absorption band edge to be 1.6 eV for the analyzed In1-xGaxN epilayers.The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page: 6-9
Instructional Design for Student Learning on Quantum Tunneling
Authors: Lamichhane Shova Kanta
Published: October 2017

Acquiring mathematical, conceptual, and problem-solving skill is required in university-level physics courses. Average students often lack the knowledge and study skills need to succeed in physics, preciously in quantum physics course. The reasons for these difficulties are more subtle and some of them are brought to the surface. Addressing how to build models of wave functions and energy and how to relate these models to real physical systems is a challenging job. Article has opened up a floodgate of deep and difficult task for students struggle to make sense of these models. Article has discuss the difficulties and the real issues of student in learning quantum tunneling to build the models that are implicit in experts’ understanding. So that, in addition to class attendance and/or group study, students must also learn to work by themselves to develop the mathematical, conceptual, and problem-solving skills they need.The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page : 27-34
An Introduction to Multiphoton Ionization and Study of Ionization Rate of Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Shrestha N. , Nakarmi J. J. , Jha L. N.
Published: October 2017

We have discussed the problems of non linear interaction between electromagnetic radiations with atoms from semi-classical point of view. Time dependent Schrödinger equation for single electron system is solved by using perturbative technique to obtain transition probability. Higher order perturbation is also discussed which is used in multiple processes, in which two or more quanta are emitted instead of a single photon. The theory is based on assumption that the perturbation is small. From this transition probability ionization rate and absorption cross-section of hydrogen atom is calculated. Its variation with photon energy and field strength is analyzed which agrees very well with experimental observations.The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page : 40-43
The Black Hole
Authors: Poudel Parashu Ram
Published: October 2017

Black holes are the cold remnants of former stars. They are so dense that no matter -not even light - is able to escape their powerful gravitational pull. These are interesting objects from a fundamental physics point of view and play an important role in astrophysics. The knowledge of phenomenon of origin of black hole may lead to new understanding of the nature of the real universe. The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page : 50-55
Higgs Boson: The Ultimate Particle of the Universe
Authors: Dahal Kul Prasad
Published: October 2017

The concept of basic constituent particles of matter have been changing from ancient time to present. Scientists have been looking for the Higgs since the long with experiments at CERN and Fermilab. Confirming the existence of the Higgs would only be the start of a new era of particle physics. To find the particle and characterize it, scientists are smashing beams of proton together inside LHC at close to the speed of light. The recent discovery declared that the finding is very close to the ultimate particle called Higgs particle. This is believed to be the basic building block of the universe. The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 32012Page : 56-59
Computation of Errors and Their Analysis on Physics Experiments
Authors: Chhetri Khadka Bahadur
Published: October 2017

The process of evaluating uncertainty associated with a measurement result is often called uncertainty analysis or error analysis. Without proper error analysis, no valid scientific conclusions can be drawn. The uncertainty of a single measurement is limited by the precision and accuracy of the measurement. The errors are communicated in different mathematical operations. Every deviation in result of experiment from the expected one has important significance. Even on undergraduate level of our domestic universities, error analysis and interpretation of the result should be done instead of writing just the points of precautions. This approach will make the students somewhat familiar about the error analysis on advanced level. Otherwise, the hesitation and difficulty about error analysis which stuns M.Sc. level beginner student will persist and the necessity of standardization of our lab reports will remain untouched for next several years also.The Himalayan PhysicsVol. 3, No. 3, July 2012Page: 78-86
Position Angle Distribution of Galaxies in 35 Cluster
Authors: Yadav Shiv Narayan , Aryal Binil , Saurer Walter
Published: October 2017

We worked on POSSII and ESO films and measured the diameters and position angles of 5 688 galaxies in 34 clusters using 25-fold magnification microscope. The position angle distributions of galaxies in the clusters are studied. For this, chi-square, auto-correlation and the Fourier tests are carried out. The preferred position angle distribution of galaxies in the cluster is found to be independent of the mean radial velocity of the cluster. Possible explanations of the result will be discussed.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 1-9 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
Simulation Study of AlN Spacer Layer Thickness on AlGaN/GaN HEMT
Authors: Shrestha Niraj Man , Wang Yuen Yee , Li Yiming , Chang E. Y.
Published: October 2017

High electron mobility transistor (HEMT)Two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at AlGaN/GaN interface is a critical part to tune the characteristic of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. Introduction of AlN spacer layer in between AlGaN and GaN layer is one of the way to improve 2DEG density, mobility, and drain current. Carrier concentration, mobility and conduction band offset for different spacer layer thickness was simulated by using Silvaco simulation tool. Our device simulations showed that carrier concentration, mobility are enhance on introduction of AlN spacer layer in HEMT. In addition, carrier properties of HEMT also depend on thickness of spacer layer. Our simulation showed that the mobility of 2DEG attains its maximum value at the 0.5 nm thick AlN layer but carrier concentration increases with spacer thickness. Finally, drain current increases with increasing spacer layer thickness and reach maximum value at 1.2nm thick spacer layer.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 14-17 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
A Note on the Riccati Equation
Authors: Cruz-Santiago R. , López-Bonilla J. , Morales J.
Published: October 2017

We show the relationship between the solutions of two Riccati equations associated to Schrödinger equations interconnected via a Darboux transformation.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 32-33 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
The Theoretical Study of Photoemission from Various Region of Metal and Semiconductor
Authors: Kaphle Gopi Chandra
Published: October 2017

This study involves the theoretical analysis of photoemission from the surface of metal(Al) and semiconductor (Si) in various regions. For the analysis of Photoemission, we calculated the vector potential with the help of dielectric model provided by Bagchi and Kar in modified form. From the calculation it is observed that electrons are mostly exited effectively at the surface regions than that of vacuum and bulk indicating that Photoemission takes place from the surface region, which favors the well accepted experimental and theoretical results. This study can be used to calculate photocurrent by the help of band structure of metals and semiconductors.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 46-50 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Biophysics : Aspects of Amino Acids Sequence in Proteins and Nucleotide Sequence in Nucleic Acids
Authors: Chhetri Khadka Bahadur
Published: October 2017

Protein is the polypeptide chain of amino-acid sequence. Proteins of all species, from bacteria to humans, are made up from the same set of 20 standard amino acids. In order to carry out their function they must take a particular shape which is known as fold. All the enzymes hormones and antibodies are also proteins. To treat certain toxic-microorganism or invader we need certain antigen-antibody complex in the organisms. Just as amino-acid sequence forms the proteins, the polynucleotide sequence forms the nucleic acids. The gene is a part of DNA macromolecule responsible for the synthesis of protein chains. There are 20 amino-acids responsible for the formation of protein and 4 nucleotides responsible for the formation of DNA (RNA). Therefore, we can say that protein text is written in 20-letter and the DNA (RNA) text is written in 4-letter language. The information contained in genes in DNA is transferred to mRNA during transcription.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 65-74 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Ceramics and its Importance
Authors: Subedi Mitra Mani
Published: October 2017

The term "ceramic" once referred only to clay-based materials. However, new generations of ceramic materials have tremendously expanded the scope and number of possible applications. Many of these new materials have a major impact on our daily lives and on our society. Ceramics has advanced far beyond its beginnings in clay pottery. Ceramic tiles cover the space shuttle as well as our kitchen floors. Ceramic electronic devices make possible high-tech instruments for everything from medicine to entertainment. Clearly, ceramics are our window to the future.The Himalayan Physics Vol. 4, No. 4, 2013 Page: 80-82 Uploaded date: 12/23/2013
Editorial Vol.5
Authors: Poudel R. R.
Published: October 2017

Not available. The Himalayan Physics Year 5, Vol. 5, Kartik 2071 (Nov 2014)
Group III – Nitride Semiconductors: Preeminent Materials for Modern Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Acharya Ananta R.
Published: October 2017

Over the past two decades, group III-nitride semiconductors have become the focus of extremely intensive research due to their unique physical properties and their high potential for use in numerous electronic and optoelectronic devices. To date, almost all aspects of these materials have been explored, from understanding the fundamental physical properties to the development of fabrication technology of highly efficient devices for commercial use. In this article, some of the important physical properties and applications of III-nitride semiconducting materials have been presented.The Himalayan Physics Year 5, Vol. 5, Kartik 2071 (Nov 2014)Page: 22-26