bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSCIOUS PATRIOTISM AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors:   Military University of Ministry of Defense of Russian Federation, Bykov А.К.
Published: December 2022

The article explains the content of the concept of «conscious patriotism» at the level of both personal quality of a person and his leading feature in the form of love for the motherland. It reveals social and pedagogical conditions for the effective development of conscious patriotism among university students: the combination of the requirements of state and personal patriotism in organization of patriotic education at the universities; implementation of social and pedagogical technologies based on the active role of students in public life, mastering worldview and life-purpose attitudes; support of educational example of the personality of a university teacher. The article suggests the author’s approach to the development of conscious patriotism among university students in classes.
MAN OF A NEW AGE IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL SOCIALIZATION
Authors:   Academy of Social Management, Sleptsova I.F.
Published: December 2022

The article characterizes the key competencies, qualities of a new person of a new era and ways to achieve this image. The risks of digital socialization are noted, and ways to overcome them in the educational process based on the moral principle of a person’s personality. The technosystem is an integral part of the ecosystem of the formation of a child’s personality, and digitalization is the system of work of an educational organization. At the present stage, personnel training is associated with the creation of technoparks of universal pedagogical competencies.
INTERNET ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL FORMATION OF A STUDENT
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute, Varlamova E.Yu.
Published: December 2022

The article is aimed at analysis of the impact, made by the Internet on a person and the personal development in the multicultural educational environment. The professional foreign-language teaching, which implies students’ interaction with the informational Internet resources, forms the basis of the research. The Internet environment is considered as the factor of the social and personal development because of its educational influence on students and contribution to their professional upbringing, their Russian citizenship. Having analyzed the results of the opinion poll, we have revealed the areas, which are necessary to be researched in terms of the social behavior, based on the personal Russian civic participation in the Internet environment.
REVIEW OF RESEARCHES ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT ON MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF A PRE-SCHOOL CHILD
Authors:   Lipetsk State Pedagogical University  named after P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, Fedina N.V. , Lazareva M.V. , Tarasenko T.V.
Published: December 2022

The article presents an overview of a number of domestic and foreign publications reflecting the results of the influence – both negative and positive – of the digital educational environment on the mental development of a preschool child.
ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE PERSONALITY IN SCIENCE (TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF ACADEMICIAN OF RAE G.N. FILONOV)
Authors:   Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Savotina N.A.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the life path of the famous scientist in the context of the formation of his personal and profes- sional qualities, analysis of situations that influenced the choice of the path and formation in science, scientific heritage as a potential for future research, especially the attitude to social and pedagogical problems, people in science and their students.
DIGITALIZATION OF EDUCATION IN THE PANDEMIC CONDITIONS (GERMAN EXPERIENCE)
Authors:   Moscow Region State University, Toropov D.A.
Published: December 2022

The article examines the features of digitalization of education in Germany during the coronavirus pandemic, as well as the questions that will be answered by education specialists, teachers, parents and students themselves in the post-AIDS period.
IN MEMORY OF D.I. TRAITAK – WONDERFUL SCIENTIST AND METHODIST, MENTOR AND PERSON
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Pasechnik V.V.
Published: December 2022

The article describes the life path of the famous teacher, scientist in the field of methodology of teaching biology and ecology, doctor of science in Pedagogic Sciences, professor of Moscow State Regional University, correspond- ing member of the Russian Academy of Education, active member of the International Academy of Sciences of Pedagogical Education D.I. Traitak, who paid great attention to the study of the central problem of methodology – improvement of content of school biological education and study the issue of practical orientation in teaching biol- ogy, studied formation and development of cognitive interest of students in the subject, was one of the first to study the influence of the intra-school environment factors on the educational process and developed a methodology for compiling environmental certificate of the school.
THE TECHNIQUE OF USE OF ZOOLOGICAL MYTHS TO INCREASE MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS TO STUDY BIOLOGY
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Khaustov S.A.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to common scientific myths usage methodological approaches in teaching biology as a source of developing motivation, the formation of universal cognitive actions in terms of working with information, and strengthening interdisciplinary connections.
ORGANIZATION OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN BIOLOGY LESSONS AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors:   Moscow State Regional University, Belozerova T.M.
Published: December 2022

The article reveals the organizational aspects of research activities in biology lessons as an essential component of the educational process. The author notes the importance of using research activities for the overall development of schoolchildren in the context of the dynamism of the socio-economic environment, describes the main forms of organizing research in biology lessons, including taking into account the use of an individual and group approach, and highlights the main characteristics of universal educational activities that are formed in schoolchildren based on research activities in biology lessons. The paper considers the general features of the application of the project approach and the Sketchbook technology for conducting research in biology lessons, and also substantiates the de- fining advantages of each technique. For the project approach of organizing research activities in biology lessons, an algorithm for the actions of the teacher and students is proposed. As part of the practical part of the work, the main organizational aspects of the mini-project of classroom work in biology, which are relevant for use in educational institutions, are presented.
Shylocks or Legitimate Lenders? An Inquiry into the Regulation of Digital Lending in Kenya
Authors:   Mount Kenya University School of Law, Mbila Augustus Mutemi
Published: December 2022

The lending market in Kenya has seen a proliferation of digital lenders that are largely unregulated. The lenders provide seemingly cheap loans whose interest is huge when the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) is calculated. The lenders operate through apps that are uploaded to App Stores and pulled down at will. They require their customers to ‘accept’ terms and conditions before accessing the loans, and these terms sometimes allow the lenders unfettered access to customer data which they use and abuse in equal measure. The lenders use such customer data to threaten, to contact those on the contact lists of the customers’ phonebook, and to report them on Credit Reference Bureaus (CRBs). This paper seeks to examine the law on regulation of the digital lending environment in Kenya and to recommend the enactment of the Financial Markets Conduct Bill of 2018 which introduces elements of the Twin Peaks model of financial regulation. Key Words: Shylocks; digital lenders; data privacy; Annual Pricing Rate (APR); digital regulation; Twin-Peaks Model
Interface Between Consumer Protection and Competition Law in Tanzania: Critical Areas of Cooperation and Conflict
Authors:   Hilton Law Group Kampala - Uganda, Baitwababo Daniel
Published: December 2022

Consumer protection law and competition law are interrelated, closely knitted, and cannot be dealt with in isolation of the other. The two branches of law are delicately intertwined and often overlap with each other and a critical assessment needs to be undertaken to fully understand and appreciate how the two laws interface with each other. These two laws have interfaced in many aspects including sharing a common purpose and their cardinal desire to promote and protect each other. It should be borne in mind that through such interface, the two branches of law either co-operate or at times conflict with each other. In interfacing, Competition and Consumer Protection laws have benefits that include realisation of a fully functioning market, an improved inflow of information, detection of anticompetitive practices, control of complicated products and services, and protection of consumers. However, the above interface has demerits. These include disincentives to invest by firms holding dominant positions, increase of “fly-by-night” operators and cropping up of unethical and criminal behaviours as firms compete with each other. To address the above demerits posed by the interface of the two branches of law, this article suggests that there should be close coordination and coherence of the two laws, use of economics based models and emphasis on consumer protection. Keywords: Consumer Protection Law, Competition Law, Cooperation, Conflicts, Tanzania.
Legal Dilemmas on Application of the Overriding Objective Principle in the Court of Appeal of Tanzania
Authors:   Open University of Tanzania, Nkombe Noel Edward Tagagas
Published: December 2022

In 2018 the government of the United Republic of Tanzania introduced a new legal principle commonly referred to as “the overriding objective principle.” This was done through Written Laws (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act, 2018 (Act No. 8 of 2018). It was said that the aim of the legislative process was to promote substantive justice and to give statutory effect to the contents of Article 107A (2) (e) of the Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania, 1977. Article 107A (2) (e) of the Constitution directs the courts of law: To dispense justice without being tied up with technicalities provisions, which may obstruct dispensation of justice. Therefore, strictly speaking, the new law was not creating anything new, but rather amplifying what the Constitution had already provided back in 2005 when that provision was entered into the mother law. However, since the enactment of this law, the principle of “overriding principle” has become a cause célèbre issue in legal circles in the United Republic of Tanzania. The judiciary under the guidance of the Court of Appeal of Tanzania has woken up from a long slumber to fight legal technicalities in the name of justice. This is the preoccupation of this article under review. Key Words: Overriding objective principle, legal dilemma, and Court of Appeal of Tanzania
Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions in Mainland Tanzania
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam School of Law, Kanyabuhinya Baraka , Athanas Juma L.
Published: December 2022

The legal protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK) and Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) has been under discussion in different forums. The benefits derived from the legal protection of TK and TCEs necessitate the enactment of specific or incorporation of sufficient provisions within the existing legal framework. The international Intellectual Property Community has proposed for the adoption of the sui generis approach to the protection of TK and TCEs due to the challenges and inadequacy associated with the application of the existing Intellectual Property Rights. Some countries, like Kenya in the East African Community, have adopted the proposed approach while other countries like Tanzania have not hence facilitating Traditional Cultural Expressions to be exploited by third parties without consultation of, and benefit sharing by, the community from which the expressions originate. This article makes a case for Tanzania to adopt international standards on the protection of TK and TCEs. Key Words: Intellectual Property, Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions, Sui generis, Tanzania.
Nursing intervention in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Chipantiza Barrera Mayra Viviana , Yánez Borja Alicia Bélgica , Alvear Arévalo Martha Lorena , Lozada Lara Lourdes Maricela , Rodríguez Chicaiza Alexandra Belén
Published: December 2022

Introduction: hysterectomy is one of the procedures performed for the removal of advanced stage cervical cancer. Aim: to identify nursing interventions in patients with cervical cancer. Case report: a 35-year-old female patient residing in the city of Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi. In the immediate postoperative period, it was evident that in a total abdominal hysterectomy the pain generated by the surgical intervention, as well as the alteration of the respiratory pattern and the possible risk of infection, are the main reasons why nursing interventions are based exclusively on satisfying the patient's needs based on the nursing care process. Conclusion: it is important that the nurse in the recovery area has the specific preparation to be able to assess the early signs and symptoms that give warning signs of any problem that may occur in the patient
Palliative care in brain-dead patients
Authors: López Romo Yolanda Elizabeth , Cumbajin Montatixe Marlene Elizabeth , Morales Mayorga Silvia Graciela , Simbaña Quishpi María Aurora , Llerena Cruz Carmen Alicia
Published: December 2022

Introduction: brain death is an injury at the brain level, which can cause irreversible damage, since death is the irreversible loss of brain functions. Objective: to identify the role of nursing staff in patients with brain death with a serious prognosis and the impact of the caregiver. Method: systematic review of the literature through the selection of academic articles in different bibliographic sources. Results: 20 original scientific articles were selected that determined the incidence of this condition in young adults and the importance of palliative care. Conclusions: brain death has a physical, psychological and emotional impact; The nursing staff is committed to the meticulous care of the patient focused on palliative care in order to alleviate pain, provide comfort, well-being, and a dignified death, providing emotional support to family members
Overview of the 1st Transdisciplinary Congress on Wound Management: "Moving towards Transdisciplinarity in Chronic Wound Management"
Authors: Garibay Martha Lira , Carrizo Paula Carolina , Pesarini Paola Dorina , Bascary Carlos Alejandro , Danesi María Anabella , Utus Andray Gavi Micaela , Cristal Diego Germán , Petro Adriana Verónica , Miguela López Liliana Rosa , Lepez Carlos Oscar
Published: December 2022

The event was held on November 3rd and 4th, 2022 in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, organized by the Board of Directors of the Transdisciplinary Association of Wounds, Stomas and Incontinence (ATHEI), aimed at professionals and students of health sciences, with the participation of national speakers from leading institutions and international guests from Mexico, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Chile and Spain, and members of ATHEI, with recognized professional careers. In this event the main topics covered were: wound healing, wound assessment algorithms, diabetic foot, vascular ulcers, pressure sores, incontinence-related dermatitis, pressure sores in pediatrics, ostomies, burns and pain management in chronic wounds. The need to promote development in this specialized area, allowed reflecting on challenges in public health and continuing education, and the articulation with institutions and actors in network, responding according to ATHEI's constitutive statute, projecting through professional practice based on evidence, with the use of standardized strategies and contextualized to the local reality and needs of people, families and communities that are the social value that scientific organizations have in the framework of institutional responsibility and is translated through the involvement with health teams, health technology providers and dialogue with the community giving way to the claim of the transdisciplinary approach to wounds with the excellence and quality it deserves
Nitroglicerina: el Explosivo del Corazón
Authors:   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, Morelos, México., Hernández Benítez R. Israel , Viveros Ceballos José Luis ,   Centro de Investigaciones Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma del estado de Morelos, Morelos, México
Published: December 2022

La nitroglicerina ha constituido desde su descubrimiento, hace ya casi 175 años, un promotor de desarrollo dentro de la sociedad, tanto en la industria bélica, como explosivo y estabilizante de otras sustancias de naturaleza detonante, como en el campo de la salud, actuando como vasodilatador y abriendo el campo de la investigación a nuevos y mejores medicamentos basados en su noble acción. A continuación, se indican los aspectos más importantes relacionados a este nitro compuesto de alto valor
Pemeriksaan Dini Kondisi Kesehatan Lansia dan Sosialisasi Perawatan Lansia terhadap Keluarga di Desa Kalibuntu, Kraksaan, Probolinggo
Authors: FITRIYAH LAILATUL , Malihatul Lu’lu’a  , Qurrotul Aini  , Silviana Dewi
Published: December 2022

Kondisi lingkungan khas pesisir Desa Kalibuntu yang kurang terjaga kebersihannya, serta seringnya terjadi banjir rob di wilayah ini menjadikan tingkat kesehatan lingkungan di Desa Kalibuntu bermasalah. Banjir menyebabkan air pada aliran sungai dan sumur warga menjadi keruh disertai penyebaran sampah di mana-mana. Dalam hal kesehatan lansia, warga mengandalkan keberadaan polindes sebagai akses tercepat dan mudah dalam mendapatkan layanan kesehatan yang terdekat dan terjangkau secara finansial. Dari kerjasama kami dengan polindes dan layanan posyandu lansia, lansia di desa ini cukup rentan terhadap penyakit seputar pernafasan, stroke, kolesterol, asam urat, dan darah tinggi. Penyakit ini dipicu oleh kondisi lingkungan yang tidak sehat serta kurangnya kemampuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan isi dan nutrisi harian. Untuk membantu usaha kesehatan lansia, tidak terlepas dari peran keluarga. Dari perspektif masyarakat, keluarga adalah sistem dasar tempat prilaku kesehatan dan perawatan diatur, dilakukan, dan dijalankan. Dengan kondisi ini tim pengabdian kepada masyarakat memutuskan untuk melakukan serangkaian kegiatan sosial dengan tujuan 1) Menyusun seperangkat kegiatan sosial untuk melakukan Pemeriksaan Dini terhadap Kondisi Kesehatan Lansia, dan 2) Menyusun seperangkat kegiatan sosial untuk melakukan Sosialisasi Perawatan Lansia, “Lansia Sehat”, kepada Keluarga lansia. Kegiatan ini diharapkan untuk memberikan manfaat berupa : 1) Memenuhi kebutuhan data yang faktual dan “by the time” mengenai kondisi kesehatan dan problem kesehatan lansia, 2) Data dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tenaga kesehatan dan pihak pengampu kebijakan kesehatan setempat untuk melakukan tindakan antisipatif untuk mengindari masalah kesehatan yang lebih besar atau tindakan responsif untuk segera mengatasi masalah kesehatan lansia, 3) Kegiatan sosialisasi dimaksudkan untuk memberikan edukasi bagi keluarga lansia mengenai pentingnya kesigapan dan pengetahuan terhadap kesehatan lansia, 4) Kegiatan sosialisasi diharapkan dapat secara nyata dapat meringankan tugas tenaga kesehatan dan pihak pengampu kebijakan kesehatan di Desa Kalibuntu, Kraksaan, Kabupaten Probolinggo.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Spinning Wheel Pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Di SD Negeri Cibogo
Authors: Prasetyo Teguh , Brawijaya Andri , Fitriliani Aulya , Kurniawati Siti
Published: December 2022

Mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris ini diajarkan karena dianggap anak usia dini mudah menangkap hal-hal baru. Tuntutan era digital, semuanya dalam bahasa Inggris, juga mendorong anak-anak untuk belajar bahasa asing dan melengkapi konten lokal di tingkat sekolah dasar. Namun, di SD Negeri Cibogo, Desa Tugu Jaya, Kecamatan Cigombong, pelajaran bahasa Inggris masih belum berjalan dengan baik karena kurangnya tenaga pendidik (guru) yang menguasai bahasa Inggris, sehingga siswa masih sangat asing dengan bahasa Inggris. Bimbingan bahasa Inggris dan pembuatan media pembelajaran Spinning Wheel untuk mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris merupakan salah satu upaya untuk membantu guru dalam menyampaikan materi bahasa Inggris secara efisien kepada siswa dan memperkenalkan bahasa Inggris kepada siswa. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian terdiri dari tahapan persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi/refleksi kegiatan. Teknik pendukung penyusunan laporan pengabdian masyarakat ini ditulis dengan menggunakan teknik yaitu observasi, dan wawancara. Setelah penerapan media Spinning Wheel di kelas 4 mengakibatkan siswa menjadi antusias saat proses pembelajaran bahasa Inggris berlangsung, terlihat siswa sering bertanya tentang berbagai kosakata yang belum mereka ketahui. Kesimpulannya, siswa akan antusias jika ada media pembelajaran karena akan menarik perhatian mereka, dan Spinning Wheel ini juga cukup membantu guru. Namun, guru juga perlu memperdalam materi bahasa Inggris.
Workshop Penyusunan E-Modul Matematika Interaktif Penunjang Pembelajaran bagi Guru SMP
Authors: Susanto Edi , Nur Aliyyah Irsal
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi menuntut guru untuk mempersiapkan bahan ajar berbasis online bagi peserta didik. Hal ini agar pembelajaran dapat tidak hanya dilakukan di kelas namun dapat diakses setiap saat oleh peserta didik. Kegiatan workshop ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun e-modul matematika interaktif sebagai penunjang pembelajaran. Sasaran dari kegiatan workshop ini adalah kelompok musyawarah guru mata pelajaran matematika sebanyak 40 orang yang berasal dari SMP/MTS Kota Bengkulu. Pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri dari: pelatihan, penugasan, dan evaluasi. Hasil dari kegiatan terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan guru dalam merancang bahan ajar online berdasarkan data pretest dan postest dengan rata-rata kategori sedang. Respon guru setelah mengikuti workshop baik. Berdasarkan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan maka sangat diperlukan pihak sekolah untuk menyelenggarakan pelatihan pengembangan bahan ajar interaktif secara berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: e-modul interaktif, pengetahuan guru, workshop
Sosialisasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Kopi Dalam Upaya Perbaikan Kualitas Tanah
Authors: Ansiska Paisal , Asep  , Helmi Dewilna , Windari Ela Hasri , Oktoyoki Hefri
Published: December 2022

Besarnya limbah kulit kopi tersebut berpotensi sebagai bahan pencemar di lingkungan jika tidak dikelolah dengan baik. Pembuatan pupuk kompos berbahan kulit kopi sebagai pupuk organik merupakan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menekan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah kulit kopi dan sekaligus sebagai upaya perbaikan kualitas tanah. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini bertujuan untuk memberikan kesadaran dan pemahaman dampak yang ditimbulkan dari limbah kulit kopi dan sekaligus cara memanfaatkan limbah tersebut. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS) Register Lima di Desa Tebat Pulau kecamatan Bermani ulu Kabupaten Rejang Lebong Provinsi Bengkulu Metode penyuluhan dan diskusi interaktif melalui aplikasi zoom meeting. Melalui kegiatan ini ini pemahaman masyarakat terkait pemanfaatan limbah kulit kopi dalam perbaikan kualitas tanah meningkat.
Navigating Through the Web of Science (or Web of Lies)
Authors: Delos Reyes Carmina
Published: December 2022

Evidence based medicine (EBM) refers to the conscientious, explicit, judicious and reasonable use of modern, best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of EBM integrates clinical experience, patient values and the best available research information.
Meningococcal Disease and Carriage in the Philippines: A Review of Recent Data
Authors: Ong-Lim Anna Lisa
Published: December 2022

This article reviews recent data on meningococcal disease and carriage in the Philippines. It aims to provide information on the epidemiology of meningococcal disease, its carriage, data on prevention, and the impact of vaccination on disease and carriage. The World Health Organization considers the Philippines as having low endemicity for meningococcal disease. However, current data underestimates the true burden in the country due to many factors. In recent years, data from the Philippines show a high case-fatality rate since only the septicemic form is being reported. Studies on asymptomatic meningococcal carriage rates are sparse, with one study by Gonzales, et al. investigating the prevalence of meningococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in Filipinos aged 5-24 years old living in an urban setting. The study showed that the overall prevalence of carriage was 3.7% and was highest (9%) among the 10-14 age group. Serogroup B was the most common isolate. Effective meningococcal vaccines are available. Although not included in the National Immunization Program, medical societies recommend giving vaccines to individuals at high risk of infection. Data on local epidemiology accounting for the disease and asymptomatic carriage are important to strengthen future programs on immunization and prevention of meningococcal disease.
2022 Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP) Research Agenda
Authors: Garcia Robert Dennis , Ama Ma. Cecilia , Arciaga Rosemarie
Published: December 2022

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines (PIDSP) has a mandate to promote and conduct relevant infectious disease-related research by its members, fellows in training institutions, and resident physicians in training hospitals. Part of such a mandate is the creation of a priority list of research topics, which directs the researcher to what information is deemed important by the PIDSP, if the research is to receive funding from the Society, should such be requested. This list was first created in 2016. In April 2021, the PIDSP Research Committee met and agreed to update the list, by conducting a series of three internal surveys to determine if the items in the existing list were still relevant, and if new topics should be included. Twenty three PIDSP members, which included board members, known researchers, and university faculty, were surveyed using an online Google form, over three surveys between May 31, 2021 and October 3, 2021. New items were elicited from the respondents, and the old and new items were asked to be prioritized into the headings: high, medium, low, and not a priority. Only the high and medium priority items were included in the final updated list.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Safety and Efficacy of Second Dose Immunoglobulin Versus High Dose Pulse Methylprednisolone in Refractory Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Uy-Cano Catherine , Ley-Chua Teldy , Garcia Robert Dennis
Published: December 2022

Background: There is limited information available regarding the management of IVIG-refractory Kawasaki Disease (KD). Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a second intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion versus intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in patients with IVIG-refractory KD. Methodology: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier (Science Direct), Springer Link and BMJ databases were searched from May 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and high-quality prospective and retrospective studies, with population restricted to children 0 months to 18 years, with KD refractory to initial IVIG at 2g/kg, who remained febrile for 24-48 hours after completion of initial IVIG, and who received second-line monotherapy with either a second dose IVIG or IVMP. We conducted a meta-analysis using Review Manager [RevMan] 5.4.1 software. Results: A total of six studies (n=188 patients) were analyzed. The incidence of coronary artery lesions was comparable between a second dose of IVIG and IVMP (RR 0.82, 0.34-1.96, P=0.66) in patients with IVIG-refractory KD. The rate of fever resolution to a second IVIG, compared to IVMP, was not significantly different between groups (RR 0.97, 0.84-1.13, P=0.72). There was a significantly higher incidence of adverse events in the IVMP group (RR 0.42, 0.26-0.57, P=0.0002), but these were all transient and resolved without further treatment. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the incidence of coronary artery lesions and rate of fever resolution post-retreatment with a second dose of IVIG versus IVMP in IVIG-refractory KD. More adverse events were reported in the IVMP group. Keywords: Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome, Kawasaki Disease, Refractory Kawasaki Disease, Immunosuppressant, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Methylprednisolone, Second IVIG Infusion
Red Cell Distribution Width and Its Association with Neonatal Bacteremia: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Diamla Hashima , Garcia Robert Dennis
Published: December 2022

Background: Bacteremia is a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and mortality in neonates and its early diagnosis remains a challenge to pediatricians. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of a complete blood count test which is accessible and inexpensive and has been reported to be a possible diagnostic marker for neonatal bacteremia. This study determined the association of RDW with neonatal bacteremia in term and preterm neonates. Methodology: This is a retrospective case-control study of 26 bacteremic neonates as cases and 104 non-bacteremic neonates, either symptomatic or with risk factors for bacteremia, as controls. Included newborns were seen between January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2021. Laboratory data obtained were CBC, C-reactive protein and blood culture. Results: RDW values between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates were not significantly different. There was an association between RDW and neonatal bacteremia at an RDW level of > 16.1, where the likelihood of bacteremia was three times higher compared with lower RDW values. Significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, MCH and MCHC, and a higher CRP level were seen among bacteremic neonates compared to those who were not. The median RDW for both term and preterm neonates was close to 16, with a narrow inter-quartile range at 1 and 2 for controls and cases, respectively. The range (minimum to maximum) of RDW values of bacteremic preterm neonates was more variable than those of term neonates. Using RDW to detect bacteremia, it had an equivocal discriminatory power or AUC of 0.6056. We found insufficient evidence to demonstrate a correlation between RDW and other CBC parameters, except for MCHC. For MCHC, the results suggest a very weak and indirect correlation. Conclusion: RDW was not significantly different between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates, but there was a suggested association between RDW and bacteremia at an RDW level of > 16.1, at which level there was a 3-fold risk for bacteremia.
Clinico-Epidemiologic Features and Outcome of Infectious and Immune-mediated Pediatric Encephalitis
Authors: Loque Bea Czarina , Butler Carolyn
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The etiology of encephalitis involves an enormous range and can be classified as infectious or immune-mediated. There are several factors influencing its prognosis and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the clinico-epidemiologic characteristics and outcomes of infectious and immune-mediated encephalitis among pediatric patients. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study that included patients aged 6 months to 17 years old with encephalitis in a tertiary hospital between January 2010 to December 2020. Results: A total of 23 cases were reviewed and 60.87% were infectious while that of immune-mediated was 39.13%. Among those with identified infectious cause, Mycoplasma pneumonia was the most common (28.57%). Infectious encephalitis was more common among younger males (35.71%) while immune-mediated affected female adolescents more (55.56%). The most common neurologic manifestation was altered mental status and/or behavioral changes. Treatment such as antibiotics (78.26%), anticonvulsant therapy (78.26%), and steroids (43.48%) were given. All immune-mediated cases received steroids. More than half of patients had complete recovery (56.52%). Conclusion: Pediatric encephalitis should be considered among patients with neurologic dysfunction with or without systemic involvement. Behavioral changes in an apparently well child should prompt clinicians to consider anti-NMDAR encephalitis, especially if viral studies are negative and with no other known cause. Viruses remain to be the most common etiology, but other possible causes should be highly considered such as anti-NMDAR and Mycoplasma. A normal CSF analysis, imaging and/or encephalography (EEG) may not totally exclude encephalitis. Prognosis is relatively good hence an early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate management is important.
The Association of Adherence to Antimicrobial Prophylactic Recommendations for Clean Neurosurgeries with Post-operative Surgical Site Infection
Authors: Ho Justin , Ong-Lim Anna Lisa
Published: December 2022

Objective: The use of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSI) is well established. This study examined the association of adherence to antimicrobial prophylaxis for clean neurosurgeries with post-operative surgical site infection (SSI) rates. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Philippine General Hospital (PGH) among pediatric patients who underwent clean neurosurgical procedures between January 1, 2018 – December 31, 2019. The outcome measured was the development of SSI. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to show the association of risk factors with SSI. Compliance to existing antibiotic prophylaxis recommendation was assessed. Results: One hundred eighty-nine (189) medical charts were reviewed. Overall prevalence of SSI was 9.5% and fever was the most common initial symptom of SSI. Staphylococcus species was identified from cultures of surgical sites, consistent with existing literature, however gram-negative organisms including multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) were noted. All cases received prophylactic antibiotics, but adherence to all parameters (antimicrobial choice, dose, timing, route, re-dosing and duration of prophylaxis) was low at 7.9%. Appropriate antibiotics were prescribed in only 15.9% and antibiotics were discontinued beyond 24 hours post-surgery in 45.5% of cases. Patients who received a regimen fully compliant with antimicrobial prophylaxis recommendations did not develop SSI. Conclusion: Adherence to existing antimicrobial prophylaxis protocol for neurosurgeries is low at 7.9%. Patients who received a regimen fully compliant with the recommendations did not develop SSI. Interventions to improve compliance to antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines are needed.
Effects of binge-watching of Netflix on students: A study of department of theatre and film studies, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
Authors: Kofi Brako Dr. Daniel , Oduro-Appiah Gifty
Published: December 2022

This paper explored the effects of binge-watching of Netflix on students at the Department of Theatre and Film Studies, University of Cape Coast, Ghana. It adopted the qualitative approach employing the phenomenology method. The selection of participants was done using purposive and snowball sampling. Recurring themes from data collection of semi-structured interviews with students were analysed. Findings indicated that most students gained some knowledge and others had sleeping disorders from binge-watching of Netflix. Also, other findings showed that students experienced some kind of academic disruptions and user self-satisfaction. It was obvious that some students enjoyed the picture quality and aesthetics of the visual elements. Further, others ended up draining their pockets by buying more data to binge-watch. It was concluded that controlling binge-watching of Netflix by individuals may be an alternative to prevent some consequences and addictions.
Transparent Sheet Heater with Flexibility based on Poly (vinyl alcohol) Embedded with Sodium Tungstate
Authors: Joshi Deepa , Savanur Aboobakar , Rathod Laxmibai , Mathad Sridhar , Patil Arun , Patil Mallikarjunagouda
Published: December 2022

Transparent sheet heaters with flexibility (TSHF) exhibiting improved mechanical and thermal stability were made by adding sodium tungstate (NaW) into poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films by solution coating and solvent evaporation method. The prepared TSHFs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the surface morphology better. Further UV-Visible measurement was carried out. The electric conductive properties were assessed by using the four-probe experiment. An infrared thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the TSHFs. The fabricated NaW/PVA hybrid TSHFs demonstrated elevated heating temperatures, 96 °C at a minimum input voltage of 6 V with a minimum response time (T<40 sec), lower power consumption (162 °C cm2 W-1) and process stability after repeated use when compared to ITO/FTO heaters. The bending resistance of the NaW/PVA hybrid TSHFs was excellent. The change in sheet resistance after 1000 cycles of outer bending was less than 18%. The effective embedding of the NaW network in the transparent nascent PVA film's surface reduced surface roughness (Rrms < 1 nm) and improved oxidation and moisture resistance. The produced TSHFs exhibited excellent heating qualities, with their transparency demonstrating remarkable flexibility. The potential uses of NaW/PVA include defogging windows and thermochromic.
Variation in the Low-frequency Fluctuation of the Cortex Among Patients with Paradoxical Insomnia: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Afshani Mortaza , Khazaie Habibolah
Published: December 2022

Background: Paradoxical insomnia is one of the most prevalent subtypes of insomnia disorder and its symptom includes a discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep measures. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the amplitude differences of low-frequency fluctuation as a possible local characteristic in paradoxical insomnia by resting-state functional MRI among patients with paradoxical insomnia and healthy subjects. Methods: A t-test was used in this case-control study to investigate possible changes in low-frequency fluctuation amplitude in 15 paradoxical insomnia patients and 48 healthy subjects. Results: The results were far from the chance level by removing nuisance variables and controlling for multiple comparisons. In addition, there was a decrease in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation among people with paradoxical insomnia compared to the healthy group in the right region of the superior parietal lobule and precuneus regions. Conclusions: Based on these results, brain signals appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of paradoxical insomnia, and further research may identify the mechanism behind this type in the future.
Fundamental Factors Effective in Developing a Local Model for Virtual University of Medical Sciences: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Habibi Amin , Ahmady Soleiman
Published: December 2022

Background: Many studies have defined the term ‘virtual university’ as a learner-centered university. Over the past 20 years, the number of virtual universities, especially in medical sciences, has grown rapidly, and the number of online curricula is constantly increasing. On the other hand, regarding the challenges of higher education in the third millennium and considering the 20-Year National Vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the potential of information and communication technology, the need to move towards virtual academic education is felt more than ever. Objectives: Accordingly, attempts were made to discover the main and necessary factors affecting the development of a model for virtual university of medical sciences regarding Iran's cultural and social dimensions. Moreover, considering inadequate qualitative research, it was decided to conduct a qualitative study by examining the subjective phenomena and informants’ experiences in the field of virtual university of medical sciences in Iran to reveal their understanding of the main factors affecting the development of the local model for virtual universities of medical sciences. Methods: This qualitative study adopted a thematic content analysis approach. Seven participants were selected using the maximum-intensity sampling method. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to Braun and Clarke's six-step comparative thematic analysis method. To observe data rigor, Guba and Lincoln's four criteria were used. Results: Out of the seven participants, three cases were male, and four persons were female. The analysis of the data resulted in 520 primary codes, 38 subcategories, and 13 categories. According to the participants' experiences, the four main themes extracted in this study were educational manifestation, technological appearance, Iranian context, and institutional virtual medical education. Conclusions: The data analysis revealed that the virtual university model could be developed by considering curriculum design based on learners’ cognitive needs as well as the effects of technologies on the formation of virtual education culture. Moreover, theories underpinning the traditional education system are no longer responding to the new changes in virtual education, and there is an urgent need for scientific theories tailored to virtual education to manage technology.
KEBIJAKAN KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN KERJA PERANGKAT DESA PADA DESA TABA PADANG R KECAMATAN HULU PALIK KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Authors: Fanro Fanro
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk megetahui bagaimanakah kebijakan 

kepemimpinan kepala desa dalam meningkatkan displin kerja perangkat desa pada

desa Taba Pdang R Kecamatan Hulu Palik Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Teknik

pengumpulan dat dalam oenulisan skripsi ini adalah dengan cara melakukan

wawancara kepada responden penelitian baik melalui informan pokok, informan

kunci, maupun informan ahli. Sedangkan jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan

adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan maksud untuk mengetahui nilai variabel

amndiri, baik satu atau lebih tanpa membuat perbandingan, ataupun

menghubungkan antara variabel yang satu dengan variabel yang lainnya. Analisis

data dalam penelitian ini berlangsung bersamaan dengan proses pengumoulan

data atau melalui tiga tahap model, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan

verifikasi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dalam penulisan

skripsi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebijakan kepemimpinan kepala desa dalam

meningkatkan disiplin kerja adalah kebijakan dalam bentuk empiris, valuatif,

normatif. Dalam pembuatan suatu kebijakan disiplin kerja banyak menimbulkan

kesulitan-kesulitan yang harus diatasi dan dilakukan dalam serangkaian kegiayan

yang dibuat oleh pemerintah untuk mengatasi kesulitan dan hambatan tersebut. Di

dalam suatu kebijakan kepemimpinan kepala desa dalam meningkatkan displin

kerja tersebut diusulkan agar berguna dalam mengatasinya untuk mencapai tujuan

yang dimaksud.
شاه‌نامه‌ستایی یا شاه‌نامه‌ستیزی؟
Authors:   عضو هیئت‌علمی دانش‌کدۀ زبان و ادبیات فارسیِ دانش‌گاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران, بشیری دکتر محمود
Published: December 2022

شاه‌نامه، بزرگ‌ترین اثر حماسی اسطوره‌یی، ملّی اقوام آریایی، از معدود آثار ادبی‌است که هم‌واره با هجمة داوری‌ها روبه‌رو بوده است؛ در حقیقت سابقة شاه‌نامه‌ستایی و شاه‌نامه‌ستیزی به دیر‌سالیِ خود این اثر است، ‌که در طول تاریخ شاعران، نویسنده‌گان و حتا مورخان بسیاری به ستایش و یا حتا ستیز با این اثر بزرگ پرداخته‌اند. پژوهش حاضر بر آن بود‌ه‌است، که بر اساس آرای مختلف اندیش‌مندان و پژوهش‌های انجام‌شده، به بررسی تأثیر شاه‌نامة فردوسی بر شاعران، نویسنده‌گان و مورخان ادوار مختلف تاریخی بپردازد و جلوه‌های گوناگون این اثرگذاری را در آثار آنان نشان دهد. در همین راستا، این پرسش مطرح می‌شود: شاه‌نامة فردوسی، چه تأثیری بر آینده‌گان داشته و استقبال دیگران از وی به چه شیوه‌یی است؟ برای دریافت پاسخِ قناعت‌بخش به هدف و پرسش این تحقیق، از روش تحلیلی – انتقادی و از مواد کتاب‌خانه‌یی سود جُسته شده است. حاصل دست‌آوردهای پژوهش، بیان کیفیت بازتاب مفاهیم حماسی، غنایی، تعلیمی، عرفانی شاه‌نامه بر آثار بعد از خود است. بُن‌مایه‌ها و مضامین شاه‌نامه در جنبه‌های مختلفی؛ چون «بیدادستیزی، عدالت‌گری، آزادی‌خواهی، وطن‌پرستی، پند‌واندرز، ستایش یزدان، وصف طبیعت، افتخار به نیاکان و مدح» همیشه موردتوجه شاعران و نویسنده‌گان بوده است و هم‌واره سعی کرده‌اند با کاربرد نمادهای اسطوره‌یی، تلمیحات و اشارات به شخصیت‌ها و داستان‌های شاه‌نامه، مفاهیم مختلف عرفانی، تعلیمی، غنایی و حماسی خود را مطرح کنند. زبان و واژه‌گان موجود در شاه‌نامه نیز هم‌واره موردتوجه برخی شاعران به‌قصد تقلید و نظیره‌گویی از فردوسی قرار گرفته است؛ اگرچه در این کار نتوانسته‌اند به اندازة فردوسی توفیق یابند.
سیاست خارجی افغانستان از (2001 تا 2020 م)
Authors:   عضو هیئت‌علمی پوهنځی/ دانش‌کدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی پوهنتون/ دانش‌گاه غالب - هرات, تنزه‌ای دکتر محمد طاهر
Published: December 2022

مفهوم سیاست خارجی در یک نگاه در پیوند با مؤلفه‌هایی چون اهداف ملی و ابزارهای نیل به آن تعریف می‌شود. این مفهوم یکی از پیچیده‌ترین و درعین‌حال، ضروری‌ترین نیاز برای کشورهای مختلف نظام بین‌الملل بوده است. گسترش روند جهانی‌شدن، چند‌جانبه‌گی مناسبات، تحول در مفهوم قدرت و هم‌چنین چینش آن در نظام بین‌الملل و از همه مهم‌تر نیازهای توسعه‌یی یک کشور پسامنازعه‌، قالب‌بندی‌های جدیدی را در سیاست‌گذاری خارجی کشورها، به‌خصوص افغانستان در پی داشته است. اهمیت این مسأله در این است که افغانستان با درک نظام بین‌الملل معاصر و بایسته‌های تعامل با آن مناسبات خویش با سایر ملل را باید به شکل عاقلانه بنیان بگذارد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی سیاست خارجی افغانستان از سال 2001 تا 2020 بوده است؛ به همین جهت پرسش اساسی‌یی که در این خصوص مطرح است این است که: چه تفاوتی بین سیاست خارجی افغانستان در دورة کرزی و غنی از 2001 تا 2020 موجود بوده است؟ برای پاسخ‌یابی به این پرسش، از روش مقایسه‌یی – تحلیلی و با استفاده از داده‌های کتاب‌خانه‌یی استفاده گردیده است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که ‏در دوران کرزی، سیاست خارجی افغانستان با تأکید و تمرکز بر دیپلماسی سیاسی سه وجه داشت که شامل توجه به (1. جامعة بین‌الملل؛ 2. کشورهای منطقه‌یی و 3. کشورهای اسلامی) بود؛ اما سیاست خارجی افغانستان در دورة غنی، متمرکز بر به‌کارگیری دیپلماسی اقتصادی بود و پنج وجه داشت که شامل تمرکز بر (1. هم‌سایه‌گان؛ 2.‌ جهان اسلام؛ 3. اروپا، امریکا، ژاپن و استرالیا؛ 4. کشورهای آسیایی و ‌5‌. سازمان‌های بین‌المللی) بود.
رواداری مذهبی، راهی برای ایجاد دنیای عاری از خشونت
Authors:   عضو هیئت‌علمی پوهنځی / دانش‌کدۀ حقوق و علوم سیاسی پوهنتون / دانش‌گاه غالبِ هرات, وحیدی دکتر عبدالملک
Published: December 2022

در روند جهانی‌شدن، که دنیا به ده‌کدۀ جهانی تبدیل شده است، روی‌کرد‌ها و عمل‌کردها به‌راحتی فراگیر می‌شود. در‌این‌میان، ادبیات نفرت نیز می‌تواند در سطح گستردۀ جهانی توسعه یابد. خشونت‌های مذهبی می‌تواند امنیت جهان را به خطر اندازد. مسأله این است که چطور می‌توان با کاهش ادبیات نفرت، جهان‌زیست به‌تری ساخت؟ چه‌گونه می‌توان تقابل پیروان مذاهب را به عرصۀ تعامل سازنده مبدل نمود و از این ره‌گذر گامی در مسیر جهان عاری از خشونت برداشت؟ پاسخ به این پرسش مهم است. مقالۀ حاضر، به‌منظور ارائه ره‌نمونی برای ایجاد دنیای به‌تر، تلاش نموده است با استفاده از داده‌های کتاب‌خانه‌یی، با روش تحلیلی به این پرسش پاسخ دهد. داده‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهند اتخاذ گفت‌وگوی سازنده، اعتدال‌گرایی، مدارا و شکیبایی، خرد‌ورزی و تأکید بر نقاط مشترک، می‌تواند راهی برای رهایی از ادبیات نفرت و دوری از خشونت‌های مذهبی و ساختن جهان به‌تر، محسوب شود.