bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival potential of Phytophthora infestans sporangia in relation to environmental factors and late blight occurrence
Authors: Modesto Olanya Ocen , Anwar Mohd , He Zhongqi , Larkin Robert Philip , Honeycutt Charles Wayne
Published: July 2016

Potato is an important crop globally and late blight (Phytophthora infestans) often results in severe crop loss. The cost for late blight control can be in excess of $210 million in the United States. We utilised a non-parametric density distribution analysis of local temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH), from 2005 to 2009, to assess and validate sporangia survival potential using survival model and late blight risks during the potato cropping season at Presque Isle, in the northern part of the state of Maine, USA. Modelbased analyses showed that ambient temperatures of 3−30°C and RH values of 45−100% were conducive for sporangia survival. Disease outbreaks and risk periods coincided with a high sporangia survival probability (15−35%). Due to the omission of solar radiation (SR) in the computation of survival potential in previous research, we applied a Cox proportional model to estimate the probability of sporangia survival [i.e. hazard at a specific time H(t)] as a function of baseline hazard (H0) and the influencing parameters. The model is: H(t) = H0(t) × exp(0.067ET + 0.138T + 0.083RH + 0.001SR) where ET is exposure time. The survival model indicated that RH (β = 0.083) and T (β = 0.138) were significant (p < 0.05) factors in sporangia survival in comparison to SR (β = 0.001). The hazard ratio, indicative of sporangia survival risk, varied with the predictors. For the unit increase of T, sporangia survival hazard increased by 1.148 times. The Cox model and sporangia hazard probabilities can be used for short-term disease forecasts based on the risk period most conducive for pathogen survival and targeted fungicide applications for optimum late blight management.
Geglaubte Verzweiflung: Wider eine atheistische Lesart Kierkegaards und ihre Ursächlichkeits-Rhetorik
Authors: Junker Tobias
Published: July 2016

In Kierkegaard’s The Sickness unto Death the self’s other is usually identified with God. But because the sickness of the title is despair, the religious dimension of this text should be considered with particular regard to its psychological dimension. Indeed, one might ask, if meaningful talk about the self is, according to Anti-Climacus, grounded in (Christian) faith or if the latter’s actual usage of the term “despair” much rather implies that the self’s origin and nature can be fully captured from a non-theistic and in fact purely scientific perspective, a perspective which in turn is bound up with or at least gravitates toward existentialism. As I will argue, this second interpretation, which has most recently been defended by Rasmus Rosenberg Larsen, misses crucial points in Kierkegaard’s (mis‐)usage of causality and thus cannot be sustained.
Schleiermacher in the Kierkegaardian Project: Between Socratic Ignorance and Second Immediacy
Authors: Rogers Chandler D.
Published: July 2016

In this paper I identify Schleiermacher as an intermediary between the two stages of the religious set forth in Concluding Unscientific Postscript. Gesturing toward categories integral to the Kierkegaardian project at large, I also argue that he occupies a pivotal role between Socratic ignorance and second immediacy. These schemata uncover answers to a dilemma that has recently been articulated: whereas Kierkegaard administers highest praise to Schleiermacher at the beginning of his pseudonymous authorship, he becomes inexplicably hostile toward him at the end of his life and authorship.
La puissance du don. Le don comme centre de la relation de l’homme avec Dieu, dans les discours édifiants de Kierkegaard, à la lumière de l’herméneutique du don de Jean Paul II
Authors: Słowikowski Andrzej
Published: July 2016

This paper is an attempt to read Kierkegaard’s upbuilding discourses centred around the theme “Every Good and Perfect Gift is From Above” in the perspective of hermeneutics of the gift presented by John Paul II in his book Man and Woman He Created Them. The authors analyze two completely different biblical themes-the Pope examines the issue of corporeality of the first people on the basis of Genesis, whereas Kierkegaard studies the creative power of God’s word in human existence, focusing on a passage from the Epistle of James. They show that the relationship between human beings and God, despite its individual character, may come into being only through the involvement of another person. The center of this meeting of two people in God is the already mentioned gift, understood here, in the highest sense, as a gift of love in which both parties are giving and receiving at the same time. The convergence of conclusions of both authors shows the anthropological coherence of the message of the Holy Scripture and gives rise to reflections on the essence of humanity.
12 Changing the Imperial Mindset
Authors: Brunkhorst Hauke
Published: July 2016

The evolution of the present legal system is powered by the contradictory double-structure of a law that is at once is repressive and emancipatory. I take three examples, one from the early stage of the twentieth century’s legal transformations, and two from the present. They all show that the latent emancipatory potential of public law can be activated to challenge repressive function of hegemonic law. The first example is concerned with the challenge of imperial law from within the managerial mindset of the legal system, the second shows that every modern constitutional law “can strike back”. The third one emphasizes the tension between the Kantian constitutional mindset and the managerial mindset that dominates present international law.
17 National and International Public Spheres and the Protection of Human Rights
Authors: Lohmann Georg
Published: July 2016

Since the founding of the UN, the protection of human rights has been a national and international challenge. In international human rights covenants, State Parties firstly commit themselves to respecting human rights in their respective constitutional area and to protecting and possibly incorporating them into the relevant constitution, but, secondly, they also submit to an international control. National protection is usually organized by different institutions (Constitutional Court, “Human Rights Commissioner of the Government”, etc.), but also accompanied by critical NGOs and the national civil public. International protection is on the one hand implemented by a number of international organizations and institutions (Human Rights Council in Geneva, UN Human Rights Commissioner, monitoring bodies to individual contracts, regional and international human rights courts), but on the other hand is accompanied by a critical, now regionally and internationally operating public. This includes a number of permanent NGOs, but also ad hoc groups, tribunals and the various media (print, TV, internet) and anonymous campaigns on the Internet and the social networks. This paper examines the functions and tasks of such concomitant national and international public spheres and tries to assess their importance for the protection of human rights.
Heteroplasmy and atrazine resistance in Chenopodium album and Senecio vulgaris
Authors: Bühler Michaela , Bogenrieder Arno , Sandermann Heinrich , Ernst Dieter
Published: July 2016

Atrazine-resistant weeds are well known, and the resistance is primarily caused by a point mutation in the psbA chloroplast gene encoding the photosystem II D1 protein. Heteroplasmy, the presence of different types of chloroplasts in an individual plant, is also very common. Thus, atrazine-resistant weeds may also partly possess the atrazine-binding sequence and vice versa. The region of the psbA gene containing the mutation was sequenced from atrazine-resistant and atrazine-sensitive Chenopodium album and Senecio vulgaris plants. In atrazine-sensitive C. album plants, the expected AGT triplet was found. The atrazine-resistant plants contained the expected base substitution (AGT to GGT); however, in addition the AGT triplet was found. The atrazine-resistant S. vulgaris plants contained the expected GGT sequence, whereas the atrazine-sensitive plants contained both the AGT and GGT sequences. This clearly indicates that in addition to Gly264 also Ser264 is present in atrazine-resistant plants, and vice versa in atrazine-sensitive plants, indicating heteroplasmy in these weeds.
Fatty liver formation in fulminant type 1 diabetes
Authors: Matsuo Takashi , Ushiroda Yoshihiko
Published: July 2016

A 32-year-old woman presented with 3days of epigastric pain and was admitted to our hospital (day 3 of disease). We diagnosed acute pancreatitis based on epigastric abdominal pain, hyperamylasemia, and an inflammatory reaction of withdrawn blood, pancreatic enlargement, and so on. Her condition improved with treatment; however, on day 8, she had decreased level of consciousness. Laboratory results led to a diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) with concomitant diabetic ketoacidosis. Insulin therapy improved her blood glucose levels as well as her symptoms. Fatty liver with liver dysfunction was observed on day 14, which improved by day 24. Blood levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) increased rapidly from 440μEq/L (normal range: 140–850μEq/L) on day 4 to 2097μEq/L on days 7–8 (onset of FT1DM) and subsequently decreased to 246μEq/L at the onset of fatty liver. The rapid decrease in insulin at the onset of FT1DM likely freed fatty acids derived from triglycerides in peripheral adipocytes into the bloodstream. Insulin therapy rapidly transferred FFAs from the periphery to the liver. In addition, insulin promotes thede novosynthesis of triglycerides in the liver, using newly acquired FFAs as substrates. At the same time, inhibitory effects of insulin on VLDL secretion outside of the liver promote the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, leading to fatty liver. We describe the process by which liver dysfunction and severe fatty liver occurs after the onset of FT1DM, from the perspective of disturbed fatty acid metabolism.

Learning points

FT1DM is rare but should be considered in patients with pancreatitis and a decreased level of consciousness.

Fatty liver should be considered in patients with FT1DM when liver dysfunction is observed.

Insulin is involved in mechanisms that promote fatty liver formation.

Pathophysiological changes in fatty acid metabolism may provide clues on lipid metabolism in the early phases of FT1DM.
First record along the Uruguayan coast of the largest sea nettle jellyfish, Chrysaora plocamia (Lesson, 1830) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)
Authors: Stampar Sérgio N. , Rosa Fernanda C. , Ortega Leonardo , Leoni Valentina , Scarabino Fabrizio , Beneti Julia S. , Abreu Martin , Morandini André C.
Published: July 2016

Chrysaora plocamia is one of the 15 species of the jellyfish genus Chrysaora. This species has an unusual distribution pattern, occurring on both Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America. It is distributed along the southeastern Pacific Ocean, encompassing coastal areas of Peru and Chile, and reaching the Patagonian coast of Argentina in the southwestern Atlantic. During two separate events, two large specimens of Chrysaora were collected on the east coast of Uruguay at La Paloma. Based on morphology and molecular data, these specimens were identified as Chrysaora plocamia. These records are de­scribed along with oceanographic features observed at that time. Unusual oceanographic and atmospheric conditions may explain the presence of these specimens 1,100 km north of the current northernmost known distribution.
La estética del "plagio" en El Quijote
Authors: Cuesta Torre María Luzdivina
Published: July 2016

There are some resemblances in themes, topics, humour and parodie attitude between the Tristán edition of 1534 and El Quijote. This is a study about these resemblances and their signification.
Apuntes sobre las relaciones entre la Península Ibérica y las Islas Británicas durante la Alta Edad Media
Authors: Martínez Ángel Lorenzo
Published: July 2016
A CORPOREIDADE NO ENSINO DE TEATRO: para onde apontam os PPCs das licenciaturas em teatro das universidades federais brasileiras?
Authors: Gonçalves Amanda Diniz , Sampaio Juliano Casimiro De Camargo
Published: July 2016

Nesta pesquisa analisamos a natureza das referências bibliográficas básicas e complementares das licenciaturas em teatro das universidades federais brasileiras, bem como a presença de indicações sobre o trabalho do ator e sobre o ensino de teatro nos ementários das disciplinas que tomam o corpo como foco. Realizamos análise quantitativa e qualitativa de documentos (Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso). Resultou que tanto as bibliografias quanto as ementas das disciplinas analisadas estão consideravelmente mais voltadas para as práticas do ator do que para o ensino de teatro, bem como evidenciamos a ausência textual das palavras experiência, metodologia e didática no todo das ementas analisadas. Palavras-chave: Licenciatura. Teatro. Ensino. Ementário.  CORPORALITY IN THE DRAMA TEACHING: the Educational Program of Course of the drama degree of the brazilian federal universities point to where? Abstract: In this paper we analyze the nature of the references of the degree in drama of the brazilian federal universities. We analyze too the presence of the indications about both the actor’s work and the teaching of drama in the programs of the courses that take the body as focus. The methodology used was documental research with both quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the Educational Program of Course (EPC). Resulted that the references and the programs of studies of the analyzed courses are considerable more focused in the actor’s work than in teaching drama. We noted too the absence of the following words: experience, methodology and didactic, in the analyzed programs of studies. Keywords: Degree. Drama. Teaching. Program of course.   LA CORPOREIDAD EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE TEATRO: Para dónde apuntan los Proyectos Pedagógicos de las Licenciaturas en Teatro de las Universidades Federales Resumen: En esta investigación analizamos la naturaleza de las referencias bibliográficas básicas y complementarias de las licenciaturas en teatro de las universidades federales brasileñas, así como, la presencia de indicaciones sobre el trabajo del actor y sobre la enseñanza de teatro en los programas educacionales de las asignaturas que toman el cuerpo como foco. Realizamos análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de los documentos (Proyectos Pedagógicos de Curso). Resultó que tanto las bibliografías cuanto los programas educacionales de las disciplinas analizadas están considerablemente más direccionados para las prácticas del actor  que para la enseñanza de teatro, así como, evidenciamos la ausencia textual de las palabras experiencia, metodología y didáctica en el total de los programas de los cursos analizados. Palabras Clave: Licenciatura. Teatro. Enseñanza. Programa de Curso.
Vivekananda’s View on Uplift of the Subalturn
Authors: Sarkar Swapan Kumar
Published: July 2016

Many great hermits throughout the ages have come of on the holy land of India. Swami Vivekananda is one of those who are especially notable in the field of eco-social, religious and history. He was born in a generous aristocratic “Kayastha” family in North Kolkata. From childhood Vivekananda was very gentle. He easily realizes the circumstances of dependent India. He gets the impression of India and its dignity in the history of mankind; the causes for that position and also whether it is necessary to change – where to start and what is the way. The main streams to culture history in India are – analyzing the relevant objects in traditional way, imperialist attitude, nationalist policy and recently the culture of lower classes history that begins in 1970s. The historians named Ranjit Guha, Partha Chatterjee, Gautam Bhadra, Gayatri Chatterjee, Dipesh Chaterjee et al are notable to initiate this kind of method. It is notable that the method is not very ancient. But Swami Vivekananda was enough to be the greatest in …….lower classes’ history in his own time. And it is no doubt that the method is popular and significant. It is my little effort to focus on Vivekananda’s thought for the development of backward classes. My effort is based on Vivekananda’s “speech”, writings, books, and letters and so on.
Development through MGNREGS: Cases from Nadia district of West Bengal
Authors: Chatterjee Shankar
Published: July 2016

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has changed the lives of rural people as it has been creating assets as well as generating work for the rural residents.  By converging with other schemes like Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)/ Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana  (PMAY) and also with other schemes, MGNREGS has created sustainable assets vis-à-vis generated employment for local residents with enhancing of purchasing power.  In this article few cases pertaining to MGNREGS from Birohi-II Gram Panchayat of Haringhata block and one from Chakdah  block of Nadia district, West Bengal are presented.  The study was carried out in June 2016.
Adolescent Hip Fracture-Dislocation: Transphyseal Fracture with Posterior Dislocation of the Proximal Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Van Nortwick Sara , Beck Nicholas , Li Mengnai
Published: July 2016

Case:

A 13-year-old male patient sustained a posterior transphyseal hip fracture-dislocation while playing football. A surgical hip dislocation with a trochanteric flip osteotomy, as described by Ganz and colleagues, was performed. Drilling of the dislocated epiphysis demonstrated no blood flow. Transepiphyseal and transphyseal fracture fixation with screws was performed. Two years after the injury, the patient had no evidence of osteonecrosis or functional limitations.

Conclusion:

Traumatic transepiphyseal fracture-dislocations are rare injuries that commonly result in osteonecrosis. Application of the Ganz surgical hip-dislocation technique to a difficult pediatric hip fracture-dislocation achieved an excellent result.
Drilling Data Provide Solution to Horizontal Well Log Costs
Authors: Parshall Joel
Published: July 2016

Technology Update

The revolutionary growth of shale oil and gas development over the past 2 decades has pushed operators increasingly toward a manufacturing approach to resource development. Thousands of wells are drilled in the leading shale plays to offset decline rates as high as 50% in the first year (Oil+Gas Monitor 2014). However, the advancements in drilling and completions methods that have driven the growth of shale plays reflect two different underlying trends in regard to costs.

As an example, EOG Resources reported to investors that its average drilling days per well in the Eagle Ford Shale in Texas declined from 14.2 in 2012 to 4.3 in 2015 (EOG Resources 2015), a 70% decrease. However, during the same span, its overall costs per well only declined from USD 7.2 million to USD 5.7 million (The Value Investor 2015), a 20% decrease. So what explains this divergence? The increasing intensity and cost of the completion program is most likely a major factor.

The methods that have driven down completion costs have focused on using less expensive and more efficient materials and equipment. However, there is also an incipient, growing industry movement toward evaluating the potential gains by engineering the locations of stages and perforation clusters in relation to the varying geological properties along the wellbore.

Historical evidence indicates that between 30% and 50% of perforation clusters do not produce. With each stage costing USD 100,000 to USD 200,000, this area is a substantial source of potential capital expense savings and increased production.

Whether the goal is to engineer completions or improve well placement, companies need better information on the geological complexity of the reservoir to advance along the learning curve in shale and improve results. However, the shift from traditional vertical wells to the horizontal wells that have driven the shale boom has dramatically increased the costs of formation evaluation.
Deepwater Well Control: Training and Education in a State of Transition
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: July 2016

Well Control

Well control training programs for deepwater drillers and key rig personnel are undergoing a major overhaul that has been years in the making. It is hoped that introducing new well control courses and exams will address recent incidents and new technologies. The overarching goal is to better prepare drillers for the challenges of deepwater wells.

The changes were made by the industry’s two largest well control certification bodies: the International Well Control Forum (IWCF) and the International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC).

The IWCF began rolling out new programs last year and is continuing to add new changes. The IADC introduced its updated program in April and also said it has more work to do.

The IWCF’s new program is based on the recommendations made in a 2012 review by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (IOGP) that found the certification process needed improvements in a number of key areas. The report, which serves to redefine well control training, was drafted in response to the 2010 Macondo subsea blowout and the lesser known Montara blowout that occurred offshore Australia a year earlier. The IADC began reviewing its program in 2009 and said it accelerated the process after Macondo.

To address shortcomings, the organizations have added a long list of new courses and requirements that seek to strengthen a driller’s ability to deal with well control issues. Some of the new topics cover physical barriers, kick prevention and detection, shut-in procedures, and well kill procedures.

Additional focus has been placed on the instructors through new “train-the- trainer” and assessor training programs. The IWCF also conducted an internal audit of its accredited assessors and instructors. “As a result of the audit process, IWCF has suspended assessors and instructors at training centers who are not competent in conducting practical assessments or delivering courses to the required standard,” said Antony Quin, general manager of the IWCF.

In June, the group also appointed its first chief technical officer, Dave Conroy, previously of Schlumberger. On the organization’s website, Conroy said he plans to make more “significant changes.”

A Time for Change

For some veteran deepwater drilling experts, the changes are long overdue. Aside from a few exceptions, they argue that because the industry’s training and education programs have failed to reflect deepwater challenges, rig crews and drillers have been less prepared. They say this deficiency has led to major cost overruns and delays in deepwater projects around the world.
Spring Semester Chilly for Petroleum Engineering Graduates
Authors: Betz Jack
Published: July 2016

Graduate Employment

Petroleum engineering graduates, regardless of their country or university, are facing tougher competition for jobs this year.

For the students of Tom Engler, the job market was “really bad” this spring. “I’ve seen a significant drop-off in full-time hires and summer internships,” said Engler, professor of petroleum and natural gas engineering and former dean of engineering at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology.

At the end of May last year, Engler saw nearly 100% of his graduates find full-time employment or pursue another degree. A year later, the number has dropped to 30%. The remaining 70% of students have not found full-time work. “I have several students who are staying here and getting minors or graduate degrees because there’s just no job market,” he said.

Students who started their education during the height of the unconventional oil boom anticipating a strong demand for skills have had to adjust their expectations to fit the economy. Job openings do exist, but they must be diligently tracked down and not all positions are full time. Many graduates will have to be more flexible, working in jobs other than what they had originally planned. Some may have to look outside of the oil and gas industry, even if only temporarily.

University of Houston (UH) graduate Jorge Pereida started his job search last fall, at the beginning of his senior year. And his effort paid off when he received a full-time job offer in November to work as a wireline trainee at Schlumberger.

Graduates who started their job hunts later are now at the mercy of a less friendly market. “I have friends who waited until the spring and they couldn’t find anything, because the [oil] prices are so low,” he said.
Evaluating Formation-Fluid Properties During Sampling-While-Drilling Operations
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 173152, “Evaluating Formation-Fluid Properties During Sampling- While-Drilling Operations,” by K. Indo, J. Pop, K. Hsu, and S. Ossia, Schlumberger; G.-L. Atzeni and A. Malossi, Eni; and V. Agarwal, A. Garcia-Mayans, S. Paul, J. Varughese, and S. Haq, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2015 SPE Drilling Conference and Exhibition, London, 17–19 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

Recent experience with a newly introduced sampling-while-drilling service has shown that it is possible to make reliable downhole formation-fluid-property estimates during sampling-while-drilling operations. These property and contamination estimates facilitate the management of the entire while-drilling sampling process by aiding sample-capture decisions and allowing the best possible use of the sample bottles currently available on a drilling bottomhole assembly. Moreover, the contamination estimates, together with the real-time fluid-property estimates, enable prediction of the uncontaminated-fluid properties.

Introduction

If performed during drilling (when filtrate invasion is not fully developed), fluid scanning—where formation fluid is pumped and analyzed within the sampling-while-drilling tool without taking a sample—affords the opportunity to characterize the formation fluid at potential sampling depths before committing sample chambers. The success of such an approach depends on how completely the in-situ fluid can be characterized and how free of contamination the assessed properties are.

By use of downhole optical spectrometry, it has been shown recently that it is possible to estimate in real time at least the following formationfluid properties: fluid color and type, hydrocarbon composition at various levels, carbon dioxide (CO2) content, gas/oil ratio (GOR), formation volume factor (FVF), and asphaltene content. Other measurements such as pressure, temperature, pressure gradients, and fluid density and viscosity enhance the characterization. Although not replacing pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) laboratory measurement of fluid properties, this list allows the fluid to be characterized sufficiently well to determine the fluid type and to differentiate between fluids at different spatial locations. This capability becomes important when deciding which fluid to sample, whether to recover a fluid sample, and whether another sampling run should be undertaken.

The process of differentiating between fluids becomes increasingly difficult as the level of contamination of the sampled fluid increases; the proper basis for comparison is, ideally, a contamination-free (clean) fluid. If estimates of uncontaminated-fluid properties were available during drilling operations, the allocation of samples to fluids having the highest recovery priority would be expedited.
Optimizing Seeding Dates and Rates for Canola Production in the Humid Eastern Canadian Agroecosystems
Authors: Ma B. L. , Zhao H. , Zheng Z. , Caldwell C. , Mills A. , Vanasse A. , Earl H. , Scott P. , Smith D. L.
Published: July 2016

Optimum seeding date (OSD) and seeding rate is an important management practice to improve the performance of canola (Brassica napusL.) production. A field study was conducted to investigate the influence of seeding date and rate on plant stand count, yield components, yield, and seed oil and protein concentrations, and to develop a location‐sensitive model for estimating OSD for maximizing canola yield. The factorial experiment of three seeding dates (early, intermediate, and late) and three seeding rates (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 kg ha−1) was performed in 2011 and 2012 at seven locations across eastern Canada. An independent dataset from an additional 2‐yr field experiment at the Ottawa site was used for model verification. Our data showed that seed yield, seed oil, and pod number per plant were significantly affected by seeding date and seeding rate. The greatest yield and seed oil concentration were obtained with the early seeding in most site‐years. The OSD was a quadratic function of the long‐term (30 yr) average daily minimum air temperature (Tmin) in April and May withR2= 0.98,P< 0.01 and SE = 2.6 d. Increasing seeding rate from 2.5 to 5.0 kg ha−1increased seed yield for early‐seeded canola in most site‐years but the yield did not increase with further increases in seeding rate. Early seeding at 5.0 kg ha−1is therefore recommended as the optimum seeding rate across eastern Canada.

Quantitative relationship between optimum seeding date and mean minimum temperature in April and May.

A regression model to predict optimum seeding date for spring canola.

A suitable seeding rate for canola production in eastern Canada.

The impact of seeding date on canola seed oil and protein concentration.

Canola yield and yield components as affected by seeding date and rate.
Corn Grain Yield and Soil Properties after 10 Years of Broiler Litter Amendment
Authors: Netthisinghe A. M. P. , Woosley P. B. , Gilfillen R. A. , Willian T. W. , Sistani K. R. , Rowland N. S.
Published: July 2016

Use of broiler litter (BL) nutrients for crop production benefits crops, soils, and aids in disposing manure. Understanding corn (Zea mays L.) grain production and soil properties resulting from long‐term BL amendment helps establish a sustainable manure‐based corn production with low environmental risk potential. This study conducted at Bowling Green, KY, during 2005 to 2015 examined effects of supplying N requirement of corn grain crop monoculture by broiler litter (full broiler litter, FBL), 1:1 mixture of BL and inorganic N (half broiler litter rate, HBL), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on corn grain yield and post‐harvest soil properties under no‐till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). The FBL produced significantly higher grain yield (10.1 Mg ha−1) than the HBL (9.6 Mg ha−1), but similar to CF (9.8 Mg ha−1). The FBL soils had greater cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and total nitrogen (TN) (15.5 cmol kg−1; 45 and 2.9 g kg−1) than the HBL (12.3 cmol kg−1; 42.3 and 2.4 g kg−1) and CF (10.1 cmol kg−1; 35.5 and 1.7 g kg−1). The FBL and HBL soils had 478 and 270 mg P kg−1; 15.7 and 9.6 mg Cu kg−1; 40.9 and 21.1 mg Zn kg−1 levels, respectively. Soil pH increased in the FBL, but decreased in CF. Soil nutrient aggregation rate was greater in the NT. Having lower soil nutrient accumulation than FBL and equivalent grain production potential as CF, HBL offers a better option for corn grain production with BL than by FBL.

Core Ideas

This study examined effects of long‐term broiler litter amendment on corn grain yield and post‐harvest soil properties.

Broiler litter at full and half rates has similar corn grain production potential as chemical fertilizer.

Broiler litter induced high soil nutrient levels, but levels elevated by half litter rate was not environmentally significant.

No‐till and conventional tillage treatments have similar agronomic benefits and environmental risks.
Optimization of Within‐Row Plant Spacing Increases Nutritional Status and Corn Yield: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hörbe Tiago A. N. , Amado Telmo J. C. , Reimche Geovane B. , Schwalbert Raí A. , Santi Antônio L. , Nienow Cristian
Published: July 2016

Uniform within‐row plant spacing is a key crop management strategy to achieve high corn (Zea mays L.) yield. A new precision planting concept is emerging based on the use of modern devices in planters. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of optimizing within‐row plant spacing to enhance plant nutritional status and corn yield. The treatments investigated were (a) traditional planter with mechanical horizontal plate metering system (TP), (b) precision planter with vSet (Precision Planting, Tremont, IL) vacuum meter system (PP) and (c) PP pulled by a tractor equipped with an real time kinematic (RTK)‐based auto‐steering system (APP). The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications, and the plant evaluations were determined based on a main plot and a plant‐to‐plant study. Two types of vegetation indexes (VI and normalized difference, NDVI) were used for assessing plant nutritional status. A high standard of uniform plant spacing (CV < 10%) was required to achieve the highest corn yield. Optimizing the within‐row plant spacing resulted in higher VI and NDVI. Based on the average of two experiments, PP improved the uniformity of plant spacing (CV = 22.5%) compared to TP (CV = 38.7%). This optimization of within‐row plant spacing increased the corn yield by 10.7%. Only in the year with higher corn yield potential did APP result in a yield increase of 6.9% in relation to PP. Although the precision planters investigated had decreased the error in plant distribution, no one reached the plant spacing uniformity required to achieve higher corn yields.

Core Ideas

For every 10 percentage points increase in CV, yield decreased 1.22 Mg ha−1.

A higher plant spacing uniformity is necessary to achieve high yields.

Different planter types produced distinct within‐row plant spacing uniformity.
Using Aerial Images and Canopy Spectral Reflectance for High‐Throughput Phenotyping of White Clover
Authors: Inostroza Luis , Acuña Hernán , Munoz Patricio , Vásquez Catalina , Ibáñez Joel , Tapia Gerardo , Pino María Teresa , Aguilera Hernán
Published: July 2016

Plant breeders are demanding high‐throughput phenotyping methodologies to complement the abundant genomic information currently available. Remote‐sensing technologies offer new tools for high‐throughput phenotyping in field conditions, and many remote sensors have shown high capacity for describing plant physiological behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypic relationship between high‐throughput phenotyping based on image analysis and canopy reflectance estimated traits and dry matter (DM) production, the most important trait in forage species. An experiment of a white clover (Trifolium reens L.) association‐mapping population was established in three locations. Plant DM production was evaluated during two growing seasons. The plant area (PA), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and plant growth were estimated from multispectral aerial images collected with an unmanned aerial vehicle. Additionally, canopy reflectance was evaluated with a spectroradiometer (350–1075 nm) and 10 spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) were calculated, including NDVI. The image‐derived PA trait showed the highest genetic correlation with DM production (rg = 0.88, < 0.001) with a broad‐sense heritability (H2) value of 0.56. All the SRIs showed highly significant genetic correlation with DM production with rg absolute values between 0.54 and 0.72 ( < 0.001). However, the popular NDVI index showed one of the lowest DM correlations using both systems. The results indicate that aerial‐image‐derived traits and SRIs could be used together as a high‐throughput proxy to estimate genotypic variation of white clover DM production. Use of these variables could contribute to alleviating phenotypic bottleneck in discovering genes or predicting yield using genomic data.
Yield Components in Hybrid versus Inbred Sweet Sorghum
Authors: Knoll Joseph E. , Anderson William F.
Published: July 2016

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] should be an ideal biofuel crop for the southeastern United States, but the current cultivars are all pure lines, which limits the quantity of seed that can be produced, and this seed cannot be mechanically harvested. Hybrid seed can be easily produced on short‐statured plants, but less is known about other advantages of hybrid sweet sorghum over inbred cultivars. Heterosis in this crop has not been extensively studied in this region. Three female lines and 19 male lines were crossed in a factorial mating design (Design II) experiment. All hybrids and their parents were planted in the field in a randomized complete block experiment in 2012 and again in 2014. The yields of individual components (leaves, panicles, bagasse, and juice) were calculated on the basis of their proportions of total biomass yields. Sugar yields were estimated from juice soluble solids concentration. Late‐flowering lines, including Brandes, M 81E, Mer 76‐3, and Top76‐6, had favorable general combining ability (GCA) effects for sugar yields, and among females, N109A had favorable GCA for reduced lodging percentage. Heterosis for grain yield was observed for many hybrids, but sugar yields were usually similar between inbred male lines and their respective hybrids. Hybrids usually flowered earlier than inbreds, thus producing similar sugar yields in less time. Hybrid sweet sorghum appears to offer a modest yield advantage over the current inbred cultivars.
Classification of Igbo musical instruments, Nigeria
Authors: Lo-Bamijoko Joy N.
Published: July 2016

The major task of this study is to place indigenous instruments in an indigenous framework. The lists of musical instruments presented here do not pretend to cover the wide variations of all Nigerian musical instruments. Rather, the purpose of the survey is to give a broad overview of Igbo musical instruments, as well as to show how musical instruments of some of the other cultures of Nigeria relate to those of the Igbos, and how they relate to the classification of musical instruments as a whole. In Nigeria, and specifically among the Igbo-speaking people, the classification of musical instruments takes two factors into consideration. The first focuses on the instrument per se, the second on the society in which the instrument is used. The first factor, in other words, deals with the classification of the instruments based upon how they are played, and the second with the various functions of the instruments in the indigenous context.
Giriama and Digo dance styles
Authors: Briginshaw Valerie A.
Published: July 2016

It is often said in Kenya that people living on the Kenyan coast â€˜really know how to danceâ€™ and â€˜their dances are really important to themâ€™. These statements refer to the dancing of the Giriama and Digo peoples. They inhabit the Kenyan coastal strip from Malindi in the North, to the Tanzanian border in the South; the Giriama living to the North of Mombasa and the Digo to the South.
Multiple-fault detection in water pipelines using transient-based time-frequency analysis
Authors: Sun Jilong , Wang Ronghe , Duan Huan-Feng
Published: July 2016

Pipe faults, such as leakage and blockage, commonly exist in water pipeline systems. It is essential to identify and fix these failures appropriately in order to reduce the risk of water pollution and enhance the security of water supply. Recently, transient-based detection methods have been developed for their advantages of non-intrusion, efficiency and economics compared to traditional methods. However, this method is so far limited mainly to simple pipelines with a single known type of pipe fault in the system. This paper aims to extend the transient-based method to multiple-fault detection in water pipelines. For this purpose, this study introduced an efficient and robust method for transient pressure signal analysis – a combination of the empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transform – in order to better identify and detect different anomalies (leakage, blockage and junction) in pipelines. To validate the proposed transient-based time-frequency analysis method, laboratory experimental tests were conducted in this study for a simple pipeline system with multiple unknown types of pipe faults including leakages, blockages and junctions. The preliminary test results and analysis indicate that multiple pipe faults in simple pipelines can be efficiently identified and accurately located by the proposed method.
A new immunomagnetic bead separation–surfactant extraction treatment protocol for rapid and sensitive quantitative PCR detection of Cryptosporidium parvum DNA
Authors: Sekikawa Takahiro
Published: July 2016

The Cryptosporidium oocyst is encased in a robust wall that is extremely resistant to detrimental environmental factors such as chlorine used to disinfect potable water. Therefore, extracting oocyst DNA is not a trivial undertaking. Standard procedures used to extract DNA from oocysts, such as freeze–thaw (F/T) methods and DNA purification kits, are time-consuming and expensive and are difficult to implement in routine clinical practice. Therefore, we developed a surfactant extraction treatment (SET) that efficiently extracts DNA from the oocyst. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detects pathogenic microorganisms with high sensitivity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate SET for its ability to simplify qPCR detection of 18S rDNA directly from immunomagnetic bead–oocyst conjugates. DNA extracted directly from the conjugates using SET did not affect DNA amplification in the qPCR assay. Further, the rate of DNA amplification using IMS–SET was greater than that using F/T combined with the DNA purification kit. The rate of recovery of oocysts from surface water samples spiked with oocysts did not differ significantly from previously published values. These data demonstrate that the new IMS–SET protocol using qPCR can simplify the recovery and detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
ЧАСТКОВЕ ОНОВЛЕННЯ – ІННОВАЦІЙНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЮ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ УСТАТКУВАННЯ, ЩО ВІДРОБИЛО РЕСУРС
Authors: Воинова C. А.
Published: July 2016

Обернена увага на загострення проблеми оновлення технологічного устаткування, що витратило ресурс працездатності. Відмічено, що основна частина виробничих фондів країни складається з подібного, зношеногоустаткування. Вказано на те, що подібне положення характерне для всіх галузей вітчизняного виробництва, включаючи харчову промисловість. Розглянуто основні задачі проблеми часткового оновлення зношеногоустаткування, що дозволяє підвищити рівень його технологічної ефективності. Вказано комплекс робіт, що забезпечують технологію, конструкцію оновлюваного технічного об'єкту його технічне обслуговування. Цей комплекс складається з низки характерних організаційно-технічних завдань: обстеження стану зношеного устаткування, аналіз параметрів наміченого режиму його використання впродовж заданого майбутньогоперіоду його функціонування, розробка заходів оновлення, практична реалізація заходів програми, включаючи пуск в роботу і наладку, випробування його у дії, аналіз і оцінка результатів оновлення. Розглянуто особливості вирішення завдань проблеми в різних умовах і при різній мірі зносу. Відмічено, що программа оновлення включає дві групи робіт: підвищення рівня технологічної ефективності функціонування устаткування, а також оновлення постановки процесу його експлуатації. Показано потенційні можливості часткового оновлення і доцільність його широкого застосування при нинішньому стані значної частини діючого вітчизняногоустаткування. Підкреслено, що на кожному підприємстві існує певний резерв ресурсних можливостей щодо проведення програми оновлення доцільного об’єму. Вказано на можливість здобуття крупного комплексногопозитивного ефекту при вирішенні завдань проблеми часткового оновлення зношеного технологічного устаткування.
A Fantasia Gótica e seus Actantes Históricos
Authors: Martinho Cristina Maria Teixeira
Published: July 2016

A emergência da imaginação gótica é influenciada pelos acontecimentos históricos e as ideias filosóficas vividos no final do século XVIII que dirigem as preocupações de uma cultura cada vez mais secular e empírica. Problemas em relação ao conhecimento motivam a ação da ficção gótica. A influente obra de Michel Foucault sobre a loucura, escrita no século XX e a de Edmund Burke sobre o Sublime, no século XVIII articulam problemas em relação ao conhecimento e à imaginação, além de discutir assuntos relacionados à Epistemologia, Psicologia, Estética, Ética e Religião. A ficção gótica explora os mistérios da mente humana, descobrindo que a incerteza e o temor podem ser explorados e vividos, e não apenas reprimidos. Propicia um vocabulário da ansiedade, da sanidade e do lugar no universo. Este trabalho busca investigar as origens da ficção gótica, a partir dos problemas históricos e estéticos vivenciados na Inglaterra na época da Revolução Francesa, inerentes à Filosofia da Imaginação e à Psicologia da Mente relacionada ao Sublime.
Bem-estar Subjetivo da População Assistida Pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família do Bairro Residência, Vassouras-RJ
Authors: Barbosa Isabel Cristina Rocha , Da Rocha Fátima Niemeyer
Published: July 2016

A felicidade, considerada como principal motivação da vida, instigou pesquisadores da Psicologia Positiva a procurar compreender as razões que fazem algumas pessoas serem mais felizes que outras, buscando entender como, através do exercício de recursos físicos, o indivíduo pode aumentar sua capacidade para intensificar as sensações de satisfação, de alegria e otimismo, objetivando melhorar a qualidade de seu bem-estar. Durante o Estágio Específico, realizado no posto de Estratégia de Saúde da Família do bairro Residência, em Vassouras, foram observadas famílias que estão inseridas num contexto social menos favorecido, durante a realização de atividades sociais e na dinâmica familiar desta população. Estas observações ofereceram informações significativas sobre o processo de construção da felicidade e sobre a maneira com que suas emoções orientam sua atuação na vida cotidiana, onde uma multiplicidade de critérios são considerados na intenção de alterar positivamente a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.
A Proclamação da República e a Cidadania
Authors: Tambasco José Carlos Vargens
Published: July 2016

Procuramos enfatizar, no presente estudo, a ausência do sentimento de cidadania no povo carioca – e por extensão, no brasileiro – quando da Proclamação da República.Procuramos mostrar que a Repíblica, entre nós, surgiu de um movimento de pura insatisfação militar, não tendo sido em nada influenciada pela Abolição da Escravatura,e muito menos pela Questão Religiosa. Contudo, esta última estava a indicar que, para tocar nos sentimentos de um povo, é necessário ter-se sensibilidade, o que a República não teve, conduzindo-se àquele terrível genocídio, que foi a Guerra de Canudos. Para estas reflexões,utilizamo-nos de manifestações literárias da época, bem como d e alguns documentos produzidos por partícipes e testemunhas oculares dos fatos, durante aquela jornada.
Importância da contabilidade gerencial na gestão e tomada de decisão: O município de Vassouras como estudo de caso
Authors: Lavinas Adriana Terezinha Delgado de Castro Maia
Published: July 2016

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a importância da Contabilidade Gerencial para o processo de tomada de decisão e a ampliação da capacidade de gestão nos Micros e Pequenos empreendimentos e identificar o conhecimento a cerca da Contabilidade Gerencial, bem como sua utilização pelos Administradores e Gestores no Município de Vassouras – RJ. O estudo fundamenta-se em pesquisa exploratória e descritiva utilizando como abordagem metodológica entrevista através questionário fechado. Considerando-se que o contexto atual empresarial é determinado pelo dinamismo e incerteza, através de um mercado cada vez mais competitivo, o processo informacional passou a ser um diferencial para a permanência das empresas no mercado. A Contabilidade Gerencial contribui como instrumento eficaz voltado para o suprimento das necessidades gerenciais e apoio no processo decisório do empreendedor, através da geração de informação e conhecimento contribuindo para a sustentabilidade das Micro e Pequenas Empresas.