bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Packet Forwarding Strategies in Multiagent Systems: An Evolutionary Game Approach
Authors: Li Yuanjie , Wu Xiaojun
Published: July 2018

In multiagent systems (MASs), agents need to forward packets to each other to accomplish a target task. In this paper, we study packet forwarding among agents using evolutionary game theory under the mechanisms of Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). Packet forwarding among agents plays a key role to stabilize the whole MAS. We study the transfer probability of packet forwarding of agents at the idle state or the busy state and computer the probability of the packet forwarding for a MAS. When agents make their decisions to select Forward or No-Forward strategy, a packet forwarding evolutionary game model is built to reflect the utilities of different packet forwarding strategies. Two incentive mechanisms are introduced into the game model. One is to motivate agents to strengthen cooperation; the other is to encourage agents to select the No-Forward strategy to save energy while they are in the busy state. The parameter value that encourages an agent to select the No‐Forward strategy is inversely proportional to the average probability of the packet forwarding. The replicator dynamics of agent packet forwarding strategy evolution are given. We propose and prove the theorems indicating that evolutionarily stable strategies (ESSs) can be attained. The results of simulation experiments verify the correctness of the proposed theorems and the effects of the two incentive mechanisms and the probability of packet forwarding, which assures the robustness of evolutionary stable points among agents in MASs.
Sodium Ferulate Attenuates Lidocaine‐Induced Corneal Endothelial Impairment
Authors: Jiang Guojian , Fan Tingjun
Published: July 2018

The introduction of intracameral anaesthesia by injection of lidocaine has become popular in cataract surgery for its inherent potency, rapid onset, tissue penetration, and efficiency. However, intracameral lidocaine causes corneal thickening, opacification, and corneal endothelial cell loss. Herein, we investigated the effects of lidocaine combined with sodium ferulate, an antioxidant with antiapoptotic and anti‐inflammatory properties, on lidocaine‐induced damage of corneal endothelia with in vitro experiment of morphological changes and cell viability of cultured human corneal endothelial cells and in vivo investigation of corneal endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness of cat eyes. Our finding indicates that sodium ferulate from 25 to 200 mg/L significantly reduced 2 g/L lidocaine‐induced toxicity to human corneal endothelial cells, and 50 mg/L sodium ferulate recovered the damaged human corneal endothelial cells to normal growth status. Furthermore, 100 mg/L sodium ferulate significantly inhibited lidocaine‐induced corneal endothelial cell loss and corneal thickening in cat eyes. In conclusion, sodium ferulate protects human corneal endothelial cells from lidocaine‐induced cytotoxicity and attenuates corneal endothelial cell loss and central corneal thickening of cat eyes after intracameral injection with lidocaine. It is likely that the antioxidant effect of sodium ferulate reduces the cytotoxic and inflammatory corneal reaction during intracameral anaesthesia.
Synchrotron Radiation X‐Ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Studies of InSb Thin Films on GaAs Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Qian Yingda , Liang Yuanlan , Luo Xuguang , He Kaiyan , Sun Wenhong , Lin Hao-Hsiung , Talwar Devki N. , Chan Ting-Shan , Ferguson Ian , Wan Lingyu , Yang Qingyi , Feng Zhe Chuan
Published: July 2018

A series of ultrathin InSb films grown on GaAs by low‐pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with different V/III ratios were investigated thoroughly using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X‐ray diffraction, and synchrotron radiation X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The results predicted that InSb films on GaAs grown under too high or too low V/III ratios are with poor quality, while those grown with proper V/III ratios of 4.20–4.78 possess the high crystalline quality. The temperature‐dependent SE (20–300°C) and simulation showed smooth variations of SE spectra, optical constants (n, k, e1, and ε2), and critical energy points (E1, E1 + Δ1, , E2, and ) for InSb film when temperature increased from 20°C to 250°C, while at 300°C, large changes appeared. Our study revealed the oxidation of about two atomic layers and the formation of an indium‐oxide (InO) layer of ∼5.4 nm. This indicates the high temperature limitation for the use of InSb/GaAs materials, up to 250°C.
Additional Thirty Seconds Observation with Linked Color Imaging Improves Detection of Missed Polyps in the Right-Sided Colon
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Inada Yutaka , Yasuda Ritsu , Murakami Takaaki , Hirose Ryohei , Inoue Ken , Dohi Osamu , Naito Yuji , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Morinaga Yukiko , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Konishi Eiichi , Itoh Yoshito
Published: July 2018

Background and Aims. Missed polyps are a pitfall of colonoscopy. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of an additional 30 seconds observation using linked color imaging (LCI) for detecting adenoma and sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P). Materials and Methods. We enrolled patients undergoing colonoscopy from February to October 2017 in two institutions. In all patients, the cecum and ascending colon were observed with white light imaging (WLI) first. The colonoscope was inserted again, and the cecum and ascending colon were observed for an additional 30 seconds using either LCI or WLI. The method for the 30 sec observation was to insufflate the cecum and ascending colon sufficiently and observe them in a distant view, because the length of the second observation was determined to be precisely 30 sec. For the second observation, LCI was performed for the first 65 patients and WLI for the next 65. Adenoma and SSA/P detection rate (ASDR) in the second observation were examined in both groups. According to a pilot study, the sample size was estimated 65. Results. In the first observation, ASDR were 30.7% in the LCI group and 32.2% in the WLI group (p=0.85). For the second observation, 13 polyps were detected in the LCI group and 5 polyps in the WLI group (p=0.04). Additionally, ASDR for the second observation were 18.5% and 6.1%, respectively (p=0.03). There were no significant differences between the LCI and WLI groups with respect to morphology (ratio of polypoid) (38.5% versus 60.0%, p=0.52) and histology (ratio of adenoma) (92.3% versus 100.0%, p=0.91). Total adenoma and SSA/P number were 48 in the LCI group and 36 in the WLI group (p=0.02). Conclusion. The 30 seconds additional observation with LCI improved the detection of adenoma and SSA/P in the right-sided colon.
Optimal Position and Velocity Estimation for Multi‐USV Positioning Systems with Range Measurements
Authors: Chen Wei , Sun Ruisheng , Yan Weisheng
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates the problem on simultaneously estimating the velocity and position of the target for range‐based multi‐USV positioning systems. According to the range measurement and kinematics model of the target, we formulate this problem in a mixed linear/nonlinear discrete‐time system. In this system, the input and state represent the velocity and position of the target, respectively. We divide the system into two components and propose a three‐step minimum variance unbiased simultaneous input and state estimation (SISE) algorithm. First, we estimate the velocity in the local level plane and predict the corresponding position. Then, we estimate the velocity in the heave direction. Finally, we estimate the 3‐dimensional (3D) velocity and position. We establish the unbiased conditions of the input and state estimation for the MLBL system. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the problem formulation and demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Android Malware Characterization Using Metadata and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Martín Ignacio , Hernández José Alberto , Muñoz Alfonso , Guzmán Antonio
Published: July 2018

Android malware has emerged as a consequence of the increasing popularity of smartphones and tablets. While most previous work focuses on inherent characteristics of Android apps to detect malware, this study analyses indirect features and metadata to identify patterns in malware applications. Our experiments show the following: (1) the permissions used by an application offer only moderate performance results; (2) other features publicly available at Android markets are more relevant in detecting malware, such as the application developer and certificate issuer; and (3) compact and efficient classifiers can be constructed for the early detection of malware applications prior to code inspection or sandboxing.
Uncommon Occurrences of Air Embolism: Description of Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Berlot Giorgio , Rinaldi Adriano , Moscheni Marco , Ferluga Massimo , Rossini Perla
Published: July 2018

Many different risk factors have been associated with the occurrence of gas embolism making this potentially lethal complication easily avoidable. However, this condition can occur in circumstances not commonly reported. Three different and extremely uncommon cases of gas embolism are presented and discussed: the first was caused by the voluntary ingestion of hydrogen peroxide, the second occurred during a retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and the last followed the intrapleural injection of Urokinase. Whereas in the first patient the gas embolism was associated with only relatively mild digestive symptoms, in the remaining two it caused a massive cerebral ischemia and an extended myocardial infarction, respectively. Despite a hyperbaric oxygen therapy performed timely in each case, only the first patient survived. The classical risk factors associated with gas embolism like indwelling central venous catheters, diving accidents, etc. are rather well known and thus somewhat preventable; however, a number of less common and difficult-to-recognize causes can determine this condition, making the correct diagnosis elusive and delaying the hyperbaric oxygen therapy, whose window of opportunity is rather narrow. Thus, a gas embolism should be suspected in the presence of not otherwise explainable sudden neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms also in circumstances not typically considered at risk.
Numerical Study on Wind‐Induced Noise of High‐Rise Building Curtain Wall with Outside Shading Devices
Authors: Xu Wei , Xu Feng
Published: July 2018

Perforation metal plates with dense holes are often used as external curtain walls of high‐rise buildings. When air flow passes through these holes at a high speed, complex vortex is generated and causes a significant issue of wind‐induced noise. In this study, both Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations and large‐eddy simulations (LES) were conducted to study flow around high‐rise buildings with an external sunshade curtain wall. First, wind speed distributions at the height of a typical level under 16 wind directions were acquired. Then, the maximum wind speed ratio and its corresponding azimuth were identified. Second, the sound pressure levels in the vicinity of the shading devices with two types of perforation plate schemes were calculated to evaluate the acoustic characteristics by using the FW‐H equation to simulate sound generation and propagation. The results indicate that the maximum wind speed around the buildings exists at the building corners, and the maximum wind speed ratio is 2.8 observed at 0‐degree wind direction. Under two different wind conditions, the aeroacoustic performance of perforation plate is enhanced with reducing end plate size and increasing aperture size. The overall sound pressure level (OSPL) and A‐weighted sound pressure level (ASPL) around the shading devices are 80 dB and 68 dB(A), respectively, for the improved perforation plate scheme under the 1‐year return period maximum speed, which are changed to 58dB and 45dB(A) under the annual average speed. Therefore, it is believed that perforation plates with small end plate size and large aperture size are desirable for the noise prevention design of shading devices.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Transcriptomic Data Reveals Refined Functional Networks for the Self-Renewal of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Min , Zhao Wene , Wang Fuqiang , Ling Xiufeng , Chen Daozhen , Zhou Tao , Wang Ying
Published: July 2018

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are exquisitely regulated to reach a balance between proliferation and differentiation in the niche of seminiferous epithelium. Several extrinsic factors such as GDNF are reported to switch the transition, activating various intrinsic signaling pathways. Transcriptomics analysis could provide a comprehensive landscape of gene expression and regulation. Here, we reanalyzed a previously published transcriptome of two cell types (standing for self-renewing and differentiating SSCs correspondingly). First, we proposed a new parameter, the expression index, to sort the genes considering both absolute and relative expression levels. Using a dynamic statistical model, we identified a list of 1119 candidate genes for SSC self-renewal with the best enrichment of canonical markers. Finally, based on interaction relations, we further optimized the list and constructed a refined network containing integrated information of interactions, expression alternations, biological functions, and disease associations. Further annotation of the 521 refined genes involved in the network revealed an enrichment of well-studied signaling pathways. We believe that the refined network could help us better understand the regulation of SSCs’ fates, as well as find novel regulators or targets for SSC self-renewal or preservation of male fertility.
A Secure Incentive Scheme for Vehicular Delay Tolerant Networks Using Cryptocurrency
Authors: Park Youngho , Sur Chul , Rhee Kyung-Hyune
Published: July 2018

One remarkable feature of vehicular ad hoc networks is characterized by an opportunistic communications by means of store-carry-forward message relaying which requires the cooperation of vehicles on the networks. However, we cannot be sure that all vehicles willingly contribute their computing resources to the networks for message forwarding with no rewards for their efforts in real-world scenarios. In addition, unfortunately, there may exist some selfish and greedy node which may not help others but tend to take their own gain. To cope with this challenge, incentive mechanisms are generally considered as the promising solution. In this paper, we design a Bitcoin-based secure and reliable incentive scheme for cooperative vehicular delay tolerant networking services. Bitcoin is the well-known worldwide cryptocurrency and digital payment system whose implementation relies on cryptographic techniques, which makes it possible to develop a practical credit-based incentive scheme on the vehicular networks at a low cost. We also implement Bitcoin transaction scripts to handle our proposed incentive scheme.
Soft Computing Models to Predict Pavement Roughness: A Comparative Study
Authors: Georgiou Panos , Plati Christina , Loizos Andreas
Published: July 2018

Pavement roughness as a critical determinant of public satisfaction can potentially play a major role in road or highway resource allocation to competing pavement resurfacing projects. With this in mind, the aim of the present paper is to develop an accurate model for the prediction of pavement roughness in terms of the International Roughness Index (IRI) using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs). The modeling is based on pavement roughness data collected periodically for a high‐volume motorway during a seven‐year period, on a yearly basis. The comparative study of the developed models concludes that the performance of the ANN model is slightly better compared to the SVM in terms of prediction accuracy. Further, the analysis results produce evidence in support of the statement that both models are capable to predict accurately pavement roughness; hence, they are deemed useful for supporting decision making of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies.
Direct Parametric Maps Estimation from Dynamic PET Data: An Iterated Conditional Modes Approach
Authors: Scipioni Michele , Giorgetti Assuero , Della Latta Daniele , Fucci Sabrina , Positano Vincenzo , Landini Luigi , Santarelli Maria Filomena
Published: July 2018

We propose and test a novel approach for direct parametric image reconstruction of dynamic PET data. We present a theoretical description of the problem of PET direct parametric maps estimation as an inference problem, from a probabilistic point of view, and we derive a simple iterative algorithm, based on the Iterated Conditional Mode (ICM) framework, which exploits the simplicity of a two-step optimization and the efficiency of an analytic method for estimating kinetic parameters from a nonlinear compartmental model. The resulting method is general enough to be flexible to an arbitrary choice of the kinetic model, and unlike many other solutions, it is capable to deal with nonlinear compartmental models without the need for linearization. We tested its performance on a two-tissue compartment model, including an analytical solution to the kinetic parameters evaluation, based on an auxiliary parameter set, with the aim of reducing computation errors and approximations. The new method is tested on simulated and clinical data. Simulation analysis led to the conclusion that the proposed algorithm gives a good estimation of the kinetic parameters in any noise condition. Furthermore, the application of the proposed method to clinical data gave promising results for further studies.
A Probabilistic Privacy Preserving Strategy for Word‐of‐Mouth Social Networks
Authors: Jing Tao , Chen Qiancheng , Wen Yingkun
Published: July 2018

An online social network (OSN) is a platform that makes people communicate with friends, share messages, accelerate business, and enhance teamwork. In the OSN, privacy issues are increasingly concerned, especially in private message leaks in word‐of‐mouth. A user’s privacy may be leaked out by acquaintances without user’s consent. In this paper, an integrated system is designed to prevent this illegal privacy leak. In particular, we only use the method of space vector model to determine whether the user’s private message is really leaked. Canary traps techniques are used to detect leakers. Then, we define a trust degree mechanism to evaluate trustworthiness of a communicator dynamically. Finally, we set up a new message publishing system to determine who can obtain the message of publisher. Secrecy performance analysis is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed message publishing system. Accordingly, a user in social networks can check whether other users are trustworthy before sending their private messages.
Re‐ADP: Real‐Time Data Aggregation with Adaptive ω‐Event Differential Privacy for Fog Computing
Authors: Huo Yan , Yong Chengtao , Lu Yanfei
Published: July 2018

In the Internet of Things (IoT), aggregation and release of real‐time data can often be used for mining more useful information so as to make humans lives more convenient and efficient. However, privacy disclosure is one of the most concerning issues because sensitive information usually comes with users in aggregated data. Thus, various data encryption technologies have emerged to achieve privacy preserving. These technologies may not only introduce complicated computing and high communication overhead but also do not work on the protection of endless data streams. Considering these challenges, we propose a real‐time stream data aggregation framework with adaptive ω‐event differential privacy (Re‐ADP). Based on adaptive ω‐event differential privacy, the framework can protect any data collected by sensors over any dynamic ω time stamp successively over infinite stream. It is designed for the fog computing architecture that dramatically extends the cloud computing to the edge of networks. In our proposed framework, fog servers will only send aggregated secure data to cloud servers, which can relieve the computing overhead of cloud servers, improve communication efficiency, and protect data privacy. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms the existing methods and improves data availability with stronger privacy preserving.
A Hybrid Dynamical Modelling and Control Approach for Energy Saving of Central Air Conditioning
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Yongqiang , Liu Yang
Published: July 2018

Currently in China, energy conservation and emission reduction are important initiatives for society. Because of its large proportion of building energy consumption, several methods for building energy conservation have been introduced for central air conditioning. This paper presents a hybrid system for a modelling and control approach. By analysing the cooling capacity transfer process and the electromagnetic properties of pumps, the modelling is performed in a hybrid system framework. Pumps are classified as fixed-frequency pumps, variable-frequency pumps, and switchable pumps; a switch control strategy is used in the chilled water system for supplying cooling capacity. In order to adjust indoor temperature and save electrical energy, the cooling capacity allocation and average temperature methods are presented, which satisfy the goal of optimal control of real-time energy consumption. As a numerical example, the temperature variation and cold regulation processes are simulated. Three rooms are the control objects that lower the setting points, and pumps waste as little electrical energy as possible. The results show 49.4% of water pump power consumption when compared with constant water volume technology. The modelling and control approach is more advantageous in ensuring the success of reconstruction projects for central air conditioning.
Effect of Ferronickel Slag Powder on Microhydration Heat, Flow, Compressive Strength, and Drying Shrinkage of Mortar
Authors: Cho Bong-Suk , Kim Young-Uk , Kim Do-Bin , Choi Se-Jin
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates the effect of ferronickel slag powder on microhydration heat, flow, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage of mortar. In South Korea, approximately two million tons of ferronickel slag, a by‐product of the nickel industry, are produced every year. However, a considerable amount of this by‐product is treated as waste and dumped in landfills. Ferronickel slag powder was used to replace Portland cement at a ratio of 15% by binder mass. In addition, the mortar test with other cementitious materials, including blast‐furnace slag powder and fly ash, was conducted and compared with the sample containing ferronickel slag powder. According to this investigation, the microhydration heat of mortar and concrete can be reduced with the appropriate use of ferronickel slag powder. In addition, in order to achieve higher concrete compressive strengths, it is apparently advantageous to use the ferronickel slag powder and fly ash together rather than using ferronickel slag powder alone.
Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Occurrence Using Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Body Surface Scanning Measurements: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ting Ming-Kuo , Liao Pei-Ju , Wu I-Wen , Chen Shuo-Wei , Yang Ning-I , Lin Tzu-Yu , Hsu Kuang-Hung
Published: July 2018

Background. An accurate and comprehensive anthropometric measure for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not yet been depicted. Methods. A total of 8450 nondiabetic participants were recruited during 2000–2010 in Taiwan. The cohort was followed up to the end of 2013, over an average of 8.87 years. At recruitment, participants completed a questionnaire related to basic demographics, lifestyle variables, personal disease history, and family disease history. 3D body surface scanning was used to obtain 35 anatomical measurements. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to conduct multivariable analyses. Results. A total of 2068 T2DM cases at an incidence rate of 27.59 × 10−3 (year−1) were identified during the follow-up period. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) demonstrated that neck circumference (NC) (HR = 1.048; 95% CI = 1.033–1.064), waist width (WW) (HR = 1.061; 95% CI = 1.040–1.081), and left thigh circumference (TC) (HR = 0.984; 95% CI = 0.972–0.995) were significant predictors of the occurrence of T2DM. While dividing body measurement into median high/low groups, an increased risk of T2DM was observed among participants with a larger NC and smaller TC (HR = 1.375; 95% CI = 1.180–1.601) and a larger WW and smaller TC (HR = 1.278; 95% CI = 1.085–1.505) relative to other participants. Conclusions. This study suggests that as well as using traditional waist and TC measurements, NC can be used as an indicator to provide an early prediction of developing T2DM, while providing clues for future mechanistic investigations of T2DM.
Resource Scheduling Based on Improved Spectral Clustering Algorithm in Edge Computing
Authors: Li Guangshun , Xu Shuzhen , Wu Junhua , Ding Heng
Published: July 2018

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT), the massive data generated by it forms big data, and the complexity of dealing with big data brings challenges to resource scheduling in edge computing. In order to solve the problem of resource scheduling and improve the satisfaction of users in edge computing environment, we propose a user-oriented improved spectral clustering scheduling algorithm (ISCM) in this paper. Based on the improved k-means algorithm, the ISCM algorithm solves the problem that the clustering result is sensitive to the initial value and realizes the reclustering, which makes the obtained clustering results more stable. Finally, the edge computing resource scheduling scheme is obtained based on the clustering results. The experimental results show that the resource scheduling scheme based on improved spectral clustering algorithm is superior to traditional spectral clustering algorithm in edge computing environment.
Aggressive Systemic Mastocytosis in Association with Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Authors: Karam Dhauna , Swiatkowski Sean , Ravipati Mamata , Agrawal Bharat
Published: July 2018

Aggressive systemic mastocytosis (ASM) is characterized by mast cell accumulation in systemic organs. Though ASM may be associated with other hematological disorders, the association with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is rare and has not been reported. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a syndrome, characterized by normochromic normocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and severe erythroid hypoplasia. The myeloid and megakaryocytic cell lines usually remain normal. Here, we report an unusual case of ASM, presenting in association with PRCA and the management challenges.
Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications among the Elderly after Plastic Surgery Procedures Performed under General Anesthesia
Authors: Fukui Kiyoko , Fujioka Masaki , Yamasaki Kazumi , Yamakawa Sho , Matsuo Haruka , Noguchi Miho
Published: July 2018

Background. The frequency of surgery involving elderly patients has been increasing. The use of free tissue transfers in the elderly has been examined previously (Howard et al., 2005, Hwang et al., 2016, Grammatica et al., 2015, Serletti et al., 2000, and Sierakowski et al., 2017), whereas there have not been any such studies of plastic surgery procedures. We evaluated the risk factors for complications after plastic surgery procedures performed under general anesthesia in patients aged ≥75 years. Methods. The cases of patients aged ≥75 years who underwent plastic surgery procedures under general anesthesia at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, between 2009 and 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for postoperative complications. Results. Two hundred and sixty-three cases were reviewed. Complications were seen in 137 patients. Age was not predictive of complications. The risk factors included a serum albumin level of <2.8 g/dl (odds ratio (OR): 2.96), an operative time of ≥120 min (OR: 6.22), and an American Society of Anesthesiologists performance status of ≥3 (OR: 2.39). Conclusions. Age is not contraindication for surgery in the elderly. It is important to assess comorbidities and perform surgical procedures as soon as possible to shorten the surgical period.
Critical Contextual Elements in Facilitating and Achieving Success with a Person-Centred Care Intervention to Support Antipsychotic Deprescribing for Older People in Long-Term Care
Authors: Chenoweth Lynn , Jessop Tiffany , Harrison Fleur , Cations Monica , Cook Janet , Brodaty Henry
Published: July 2018

Antipsychotic and other tranquilising medicines are prescribed to help care staff manages behaviour in one-quarter of older people living in Australian long-term care homes. While these medicines pose significant health risks, particularly for people with dementia, reliance on their use occurs when staff are not educated to respond to resident behaviour using nonpharmacological approaches. The Halting Antipsychotic use in Long-Term care (HALT) single-arm study was undertaken to address this issue with 139 people 60 years and over with behaviours of concern for staff living in 24 care homes. A train-the-trainer approach delivered person-centred care education and support for 22 HALT (nurse) champions and 135 direct care staff, dementia management education for visiting general practitioners (GP) and pharmacists, use of an individualised deprescribing protocol for residents, and awareness-raising for the resident’s family. The HALT champions completed open-ended questionnaires and semistructured interviews to identify the contextual elements they considered most critical to facilitating, educating care staff, and achieving success with the study intervention. They reported that person-centred approaches helped care staff to respond proactively to resident behaviours in the absence of antipsychotic medicines; the champions considered that this required strong managerial support, champion empowerment to lead change, reeducation of care staff, and the cooperation of families and GPs.
The Choquard Equation with Weighted Terms and Sobolev-Hardy Exponent
Authors: Sang Yanbin , Luo Xiaorong , Wang Yongqing
Published: July 2018

We study a nonlinear Choquard equation with weighted terms and critical Sobolev-Hardy exponent. We apply variational methods and Lusternik-Schnirelmann category to prove the multiple positive solutions for this problem.
Line-Of-Sight Interference Statistics and User Scheduling with 3D Angular Separation
Authors: Yu Yawei , Zhang Jianhua , Tian Lei
Published: July 2018

We focus on the interference statistical metrics of matched filter transmission over line-of-sight (LoS) downlink channels. The exact moments of the interference are derived, which can be used to make approximations for user rates and gain insights into the effects of system parameters such as angle spread (AS), antenna numbers, and array spacings. As the interference decreases with larger AS, we propose a user scheduling scheme by grouping users into different subspaces with corresponding orthogonal fraction of resource blocks, aiming to maximize the 3D angular separation among multiusers within each group; thus, a lower interference and higher sum rate would be expected. By performing this user scheduling scheme with 3D angular separation, a large sum rate gain is observed, which provides us a promising method in interference control and management.
A Survey on Coexistence in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks in TV White Spaces
Authors: Maloku Hëna , Limani Fazliu Zana , Ibrani Mimoza
Published: July 2018

With the advent of analog to digital transition in TV broadcasting, a substantial amount of spectrum has become available in TV bands. To take advantage of this, the idea for cognitive radios was introduced for two major reasons: better utilization of spectrum in urban areas and facilitation of wireless connectivity in rural areas. To achieve these two goals, however, many challenges have to be addressed first. Considering that these frequencies are commonly licensed, besides primary user detection, a serious challenge remains the detection and identification of other secondary devices and networks. The problems arising from this issue concern the coexistence problems happening from having several primary and secondary networks of different technologies cohabiting the same licensed spectrum simultaneously and from many secondary systems/users coexisting at the same place while using identical or different technologies. In this survey we provide a review of existing works and outline new challenges regarding coexistence and self‐coexistence in heterogeneous wireless networks in TV White Spaces including a comparative analysis between selected coexistence mechanisms.
Effect of the Preexisting Fissure with Different Fillings in PMMA on Blast‐Induced Crack Propagation
Authors: Yang Xin , Zeng Xiangguo , Pu Chuanjin , Xiao Dingjun
Published: July 2018

In order to study the dynamic crack propagation law in fissured rock under the different fillings, a borehole with 7 mm diameter was processed in the center of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) specimen. The preexisting fissure with different angles (θ = 0°, 45°, and 90°) and different distances (L = 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mm) was prefabricated around the borehole. Air, soil, and water were employed as fillings in the fissure, respectively. The experiment of explosive loading was carried out by a single detonator, and the dynamic crack propagation process of the experimental specimens was simulated by nonlinear dynamics software AUTODYN. The results show that the blast‐induced cracks are the most favorable and unfavorable to propagate when θ = 0° and θ = 45°, respectively. The length of the far‐end wing crack decreases with the increase of the distance L, and the length of the far‐end wing crack in the air‐filled specimens is larger than those in soil‐filled and water‐filled specimens. The damage‐pressure curve of the far‐end wing crack initiation point shows “S”‐type change, and the damage‐pressure curve shows two obvious damage evolution processes of initial nonlinear and later linear stages. With the increase of the angle, the distance from the borehole to the crack initiation point decreases and the compressive stress wave peak value should increase, but the tensile force peak value decreases. Meanwhile, the relationships between pressure and average velocity of the initiation point and L, θ, and fillings are established, respectively. The numerical simulation agrees with the experimental results well. It can be seen that the fillings types, angle, and distance have a mutual restraint relationship with the reflected and absorbed stress wave energy. The phenomenon of crack propagation under different fillings can be explained well from the viewpoint of discontinuity degree and stress wave energy, which reveals the general law of blast‐induced crack propagation.
Moderate Deviations for Stochastic Fractional Heat Equation Driven by Fractional Noise
Authors: Sun Xichao , Li Ming , Zhao Wei
Published: July 2018

We consider a class of stochastic fractional heat equations driven by fractional noises. A central limit theorem is given, and a moderate deviation principle is established.
Decorin, Tenascin C, Total Antioxidant, and Total Oxidant Level Changes in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Oruc Yavuz , Keser Sinem , Yusufoglu Elif , Celik Fatih , Sahin İbrahim , Yardim Meltem , Aydin Suleyman
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an eye disease that develops under the influence of regional population differences, genetic factors, age, and environmental factors and is characterized by visualization of a gray-white fibrogranular substance in the lens anterior capsule and/or pupil margin during anterior segment examination. The underlying biochemical mechanisms of the disease have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to show the changes in aqueous humor and blood serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (decorin and tenascin C), total antioxidants (TAS), and total oxidants (TOS) in both cataract patients who have unilateral PEX material and cataract patients who do not have unilateral PEX material. Methods. Biological samples were simultaneously collected from 22 cataract patients who had unilateral pseudoexfoliation (PEX patients) and 22 cataract patients who did not have unilateral pseudoexfoliation (control patients). From the collected biological samples, decorin (DEC) and tenascin C (TN-C) were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and TAS and TOS were measured with an autoanalyzer. Results. When decorin, tenascin C, and TOS values of PEX patients were compared with those of control patients, there was a statistically significant increase in all three parameters. Conversely, TAS values showed a statistically significant decrease in PEX patients compared to controls. DEC, TN-C, TAS values, and TOS values were significantly higher in aqueous fluid than in blood in both the PEX patient and control groups. Conclusions. We suggest that parameters such as DEC, TN-C, TAS, and TOS play a role in the etiopathology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Thus, bringing these increased levels of extracellular proteins and TOS and decreased levels of TAS back to within physiological limits can mediate the reorganization of the blood-aqueous fluid barrier and slow the progression of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a Coupled-Tank System
Authors: Abukhadra Fayiz
Published: July 2018

In process industries, liquid is pumped and stored in interacting coupled tanks. The liquid level in these tanks must be accurately controlled. This study aims to investigate the performance of the active disturbance rejection control method in controlling a coupled-tank system. A mathematical model of the coupled-tank system is derived to facilitate a simulation study. Assuming that the water level in the second tank is the only measured state, an extended observer with time-varying parameters estimates the second state and the total disturbances of the system. The system is then regulated using a time-varying feedback controller. The results show the effectiveness of the method in improving the time domain measures and the disturbance rejection compared to other controllers.
Power Battery Recycling Mode Selection Using an Extended MULTIMOORA Method
Authors: Ding Xuefeng , Zhong Junhui
Published: July 2018

In order to improve the efficiency of the recycling of the electric vehicle power batteries and reduce the recycling cost, it is of great importance to select an optimal power battery recycling mode. In this paper, an extended MULTIMOORA (Multiobjective Optimization by Ratio Analysis plus full Multiplicative form) approach which combines with the two-dimension uncertain linguistic variables (TDULVs) and the regret theory, called TDUL-RT-MULTIMOORA method, is developed for solving the power battery recycling mode decision-making (PBRMDM) problem. Firstly, the evaluations of the power battery recycling modes over criteria are given by the experts using the TDULVs, and the evaluations of all experts are aggregated into a group linguistic decision matrix by the TDULDWA operator. On the basis of the regret theory, the perceived utility decision matrix is constructed. And then, in order to avoid the disadvantages of the subjective weighting methods, such as the deviation from the measured data and the dependence on the experience and knowledge of the experts, an objective entropy weighting method is applied. After that, the MULTIMOORA method is introduced to rank the power battery recycling modes. In the end, an illustrative example is given to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Novel Epigenetic Techniques Provided by the CRISPR/Cas9 System
Authors: Xie Nina , Zhou Yafang , Sun Qiying , Tang Beisha
Published: July 2018

Epigenetics classically refers to the inheritable changes of hereditary information without perturbing DNA sequences. Understanding mechanisms of how epigenetic factors contribute to inheritable phenotype changes and cell identity will pave the way for us to understand diverse biological processes. In recent years, the emergence of CRISPR/Cas9 technology has provided us with new routes to the epigenetic field. In this review, novel epigenetic techniques utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system are the main contents to be discussed, including epigenome editing, temporal and spatial control of epigenetic effectors, noncoding RNA manipulation, chromatin in vivo imaging, and epigenetic element screening.
How Prepared Are We for Possible Bioterrorist Attacks: An Approach from Emergency Medicine Perspective
Authors: Erenler Ali Kemal , Güzel Murat , Baydin Ahmet
Published: July 2018

Preparedness for bioterrorist attacks and early recognition of specific agents are essential for public health. Emergency departments may play an important role in this field. The large spectrum of bioterrorism involves not only disastrous terrorism with mass casualties, but also microevents using low technology but producing civil unrest, disruption, disease, disabilities, and death. It aims not only to cause mortality and morbidity, but also to lead to social and political disruption. Preparedness appears to be the most potent defense against possible bioterrorist events. In this article, we aim to create awareness against biological agents and underline the importance of emergency departments in this public health problem.
A New Synchronization Technique of a Three-Phase Grid Tied Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Mnati Mohannad Jabbar , Bozalakov Dimitar V. , Van den Bossche Alex
Published: July 2018

Three-phase grid synchronization is one of the main techniques of the three-phase grid connected power inverters used in photovoltaic systems. This technique was used to reach the fast and accurate three-phase grid tied inverter synchronization. In this paper a new synchronization method is presented on the basis of integrating the grid voltage two times (line-to-line or phase voltage). This method can be called “double integral synchronization method” (DISM) as it integrates the grid voltage signals two times to generate the reference signals of three-phase photovoltaic inverter currents. DISM is designed and simulated in this paper to operate in both analog and digital circuits of three-phase photovoltaic inverter system with the same topology. The digital circuit design and dsPIC33FJ256GP710A as a microcontroller (the dsPIC33FJ256GP710A with the Explorer 16 Development Board from microchip) was used practically in this paper to generate and control the sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique according to DISM for three-phase photovoltaic inverter system. The main advantage for this method (DISM) is learning how to eliminate the integration constant to generate the reference signals without needing any reference signals or truth table, just the line-to-line or phase voltage of grid.
Secure and Efficient Image Retrieval over Encrypted Cloud Data
Authors: Liang Haihua , Zhang Xinpeng , Cheng Hang , Wei Qiuhan
Published: July 2018

This paper proposes a novel image retrieval scheme over encrypted cloud data, which achieves high efficiency and confidentiality. For the purpose of improving search efficiency, an index tree is often deployed in the image retrieval scheme. Meanwhile, the confidentiality of the sensitive cloud data, such as outsourced images, index tree, and query request, is also a key issue. Firstly, a balanced binary clustering algorithm is exploited over the integrated image features composed of basic features, such as HSV histogram and DCT histogram, yielding a balanced binary tree (BBT). In particular, due to the adoption of a balanced index tree, our scheme can achieve logarithmic search time. Secondly, the secure inner product is employed to encrypt the index vector and query feature. Finally, to resist the statistical attack of the frequency distribution of the retrieved results, we copy the database and merge the subtree of encrypted BBT to blind the search results. Security analysis and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.
Discotic Liquid Crystals Based on Cu(I) Complexes with Benzoylthiourea Derivatives Containing a Perfluoroalkyl Chain
Authors: Iliş Monica , Cîrcu Viorel
Published: July 2018

Mesomorphic three-coordinate copper(I) complexes ([Cu(BTU)2X], where X = Cl or Br) based on a newN-benzoylthiourea (BTU) ligand with two decyloxy and one perfluorooctyl groups at its periphery were designed and prepared. The BTU ligand coordinates via the S atom in a neutral monodentate fashion as confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy data. The liquid crystalline behavior of these copper(I) complexes was investigated by a combination of polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), while their thermal stability was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These new copper(I) complexes have mesomorphic properties and exhibit a hexagonal columnar mesophase over a large temperature range, more than 100°C.
Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Case Report of a Rare and Particular Variant of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Jabbour Youness , Jabri Youssef , Lamchahab Hamza , Tbouda Mohammed , Jahid Ahmed , Karmouni Tarik , El Khader Khalid , Koutani Abdellatif , Iben Attya Andaloussi Ahmed
Published: July 2018

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the bladder (LELCB) is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma first described by Zukerberg in 1991 and confirmed as a variant of urothelial carcinoma by the WHO classification of tumors of the urinary system. LELCB is characterized by a marked infiltration of lymphocytes in the area involved by the tumor which may coexist with the conventional urothelial carcinoma. LELCB are classified according to the percentage of lymphoepithelioma component within the tumor with the prognosis depending on the percentage. We report a new case of pure LELCB occurring in 63-year-old woman presenting with hematuria. Ultrasonography and cystoscopy revealed a large tumor on the left lateral wall of the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a high-grade muscle-invasive LELCB (G3pT2). The patient underwent an adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with no recurrence after a ten-month follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the second Moroccan case of LELCB reported in the English literature. Although its rare occurrence prognosis and ideal therapeutic management of LELCB have not been clearly established yet, literature findings encourage the adoption of a conservative approach in treatment of LELCB.