bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of histology and long noncoding RNAs involved in the rabbit hair follicle density using RNA sequencing
Authors: Ding Haisheng , Zhao Huiling , Zhao Xiaowei , Qi Yunxia , Wang Xiaofei , Huang Dongwei
Published: January 2021

Background: Hair follicle density influences wool fibre production, which is one of the most important traits of the Wan strain Angora rabbit. However, molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle density have remained elusive. Results: In this study, hair follicle density at different body sites of Wan strain Angora rabbits with high and low wool production (HWP and LWP) was investigated by histological analysis. Haematoxylin-eosin staining showed a higher hair follicle density in the skin of the HWP rabbits. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profile was investigated by RNA sequencing, and 50 and 38 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and genes, respectively, were screened between the HWP and LWP groups. A gene ontology analysis revealed that phospholipid, lipid metabolic, apoptotic, lipid biosynthetic, and lipid and fatty acid transport processes were significantly enriched. Potential functional lncRNAs that regulate lipid metabolism, amino acid synthesis, as well as the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and hedgehog signalling pathways, were identified. Consequently, five lncRNAs (LNC_002171, LNC_000797, LNC_005567, LNC_013595, and LNC_020367) were considered to be potential regulators of hair follicle density and development. Three DE lncRNAs and genes were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Conclusions: LncRNA profiles provide information on lncRNA expression to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of hair follicle density.
Reduced Metagenome Sequencing for strain-resolution taxonomic profiles
Authors: Snipen Lars , Angell Inga-Leena , Rognes Torbjørn , Rudi Knut
Published: January 2021

BackgroundStudies of shifts in microbial community composition has many applications. For studies at species or subspecies levels, the 16S amplicon sequencing lacks resolution, and is often replaced by full shotgun sequencing. Due to higher costs, this restricts the number of samples sequenced. As an alternative to a full shotgun sequencing we have investigated the use of Reduced Metagenome Sequencing (RMS) to estimate the composition of a microbial community. This involves the use of double-digested restriction associated DNA sequencing, which means only a smaller fraction of the genomes are sequenced. The read sets obtained by this approach have properties different from both amplicon and shotgun data, and analysis pipelines for both can either not be used at all or do not explore the full potential of RMS data.ResultsWe suggest a procedure for analyzing such data, based on fragment clustering and the use of a constrained ordinary least square de-convolution for estimating the relative abundance of all community members. Mock-community data sets shows the potential to clearly separate between strains even when the 16S is 100% identical and genome-wide differences is <0.02, indicating RMS has a very high resolution. From a simulation study we compare RMS to shotgun sequencing and show that we get improved abundance estimates when the community has many very closely related genomes. From a real data set of infants guts we show that RMS is capable of detecting a strain-diversity gradient for Escherichia coli across time.ConclusionWe find that RMS is a good alternative to either metabarcoding or shotgun sequencing when it comes to resolving microbial communities at the strain-level. Like shotgun metagenomics, it requires a good database of reference genomes, and is well suited for studies of the human gut or other communities where many reference genomes exist. A data analysis pipeline is offered, as an R package at https://github.com/larssnip/microRMS.
Structure of the far-red light utilizing photosystem I of Acaryochloris marina
Authors: Hamaguchi Tasuku , Kawakami Keisuke , Shinzawa-Itoh Kyoko , Inoue-Kashino Natsuko , Itoh Shigeru , Ifuku Kentaro , Yamashita Eiki , Maeda Kou , Yonekura Koji , Kashino Yasuhiro
Published: January 2021

Acaryochloris marina is one of the cyanobacteria that can use far-red light to drive photochemical reactions for oxygenic photosynthesis. Here, we report the structure of the photosystem I reaction center of A. marina determined by cryo-electron microscopy at 2.5 Å resolution. The structure reveals an arrangement of electron carriers and light-harvesting pigments different from other type I reaction centers. The paired chlorophyll, so-called special pair, of P740 is a dimer of chlorophyll d/d′ and the primary electron acceptor is pheophytin a, a metal-less chlorin different from the chlorophyll a common to all other type I reaction centers. Here we show the architecture of the photosystem I reaction center is composed of 11 subunits and identify key components that help explain how the low energy yield from far-red light is efficiently utilized for driving oxygenic photosynthesis.
Two novel QTLs for harvest index contribute to high yield production in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Saito Hiroki , Fukuta Y. , Obara Mitsuhiro , Tomita Asami , Ishimaru Tsutomu , Sasaki Kazuhiro , Fujita Daisuke , Kobayashi Nobuya
Published: January 2021

Background The harvest index (HI) is a measure of the biological success of forming harvestable products. However, our understanding of the genetic basis of HI in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is limited, because it is a complex trait consisting of various yield-related traits and physiological attributes. YTH183 is a high-yielding line with large panicles and high HI derived from a cross between the Indica Group variety IR 64 and the NPT line IR 69093-41-2-3-2 (YP5).Results Here, we detected two novel QTLs for HI, designated qHI5.1 on chromosome 5 and qHI8.1 on chromosome 8, by using 155 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between IR 64 and YTH183. The YTH183 allele at qHI5.1 contributed to a wide grain, resulting in heavy grain weight and panicle weight, and was consistently effective under the different environmental conditions of subtropical (Ishigaki) and temperate (Tsukuba) regions. Genetic polymorphism revealed that qHI5.1 was identical to GSE5/GW5, which is known to control the grain weight. On the other hand, although qHI8.1 functioned additively with qHI5.1 for higher HI, it did not show any significant effect on grain or panicle weight. In addition, its effects on HI were shown only in the first seasons at Ishigaki but not at Tsukuba or in the second season at Ishigaki. Conclusion Our results indicate that qHI5.1 controls the grain size, regardless of whether environmental conditions are of subtropical or temperate regions, while qHI8.1 might be involved in controlling the physiological processes of source ability or the translocation of photosynthesis products from vegetative organs to grains depending on environmental conditions during the maturing stage. These QTLs will be useful genetic resources for future breeding programs to break through the ceiling of maximum yield in Indica Group varieties.
Frequency of Fabry disease in a Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Paim-Marques Luciana , Cavalcante Amanda Virginia , Verçosa Islane , Carneiro Paula , Souto-Maior Marcia , Marques Erlane , Appenzeller Simone
Published: January 2021

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare, X-linked, multisystemic lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) that results from a deficiency in the hydrolase alpha-galactosidase A (⍺-GalA). During childhood, classic FD symptomatology is rare. The majority of children may show non-specific symptoms, including in the musculoskeletal system. The prevalence of FD among juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients is unknown.Objective: This study aimed to identify the frequency of FD in a JIA cohort, characterizing early clinical symptoms, enzyme titers, and GLA genotyping.Methods: Children with JIA followed in a tertiary Children Hospital cohort were selected. Clinical, laboratory and familiar information were recorded. Molecular genetic testing to detect GLA gene mutations was performed in girls and enzymatic analysis in boys.Results: In 89 patients (56.2% female, age at disease onset: 8.93 ± 4.35 years), one male (1.12%) patient presented pathogenic mutation in GLA gene, c.1244T>C p.L415P, one female patient had a variant of uncertain significance c.38C>T (p.Ala13Val). Three additional (3.4%) patients had the enzymatic activity of alpha-galactosidase slightly decreased. We observed the presence of intronic variants in 44.44% of patients in our cohort: c.1000-22C> T; c.370-81_-77del; c.640-16A> G; c.10C>T; c.548-125C> G and c.-12G> A. These variants and their combination were associated with clinical symptoms in our cohort.Conclusions: The incidence of FD in our cohort was 1.12%. Intronic variants were associated with symptoms previously described in the literature. Screening for FD in JIA may be a reasonable strategy for those with an atypical pattern of pain.
Patients’ values and other decisional factors regarding treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Bassatne Aya , Rahme Maya , Piggott Thomas , Murad Mohammad H , Hneiny Layal , Fuleihan Ghada El-Hajj
Published: January 2021

Background: Hypercalcemia of malignancy is the second most common cause of hypercalcemia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Several treatment options are available including pharmacological therapy with bisphosphonates, denosumab, glucocorticoids, and calcimimetics, as well as conventional therapy with hydration and possibly calcitonin. While guidelines have previously considered treatment effects, no guideline has yet considered a range of contextual factors impacting recommendations for the management. Objective: The aim of this study is to summarize the available evidence on important decisional factors for the development of guidelines for the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy. These include patient’s values and preferences, cost, acceptability, feasibility, and equity. Methods/Design: This is a systematic review of observational studies, case series, trials, reviews and qualitative studies involving treatment of adult patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy. We developed and executed two independent search strategies using five databases: Pubmed, Medline (OVID), Embase.com, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane, and reviewed their combined output. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and full texts and will implement data abstraction from relevant studies independently and in duplicate. The outcomes of interest are the decisional factors that influence drug selection, with possible subgroup analyses by drug class or etiology of hypercalcemia of malignancy. We will present the data collected in a narrative and thematic approach. Discussion: This systematic review will identify important treatment decisional factors, and will assist guidelines panels, physicians and patients to decide on therapeutic options based on the current evidence.
Does prenatal anxiety or depression symptoms are associated with asthma or atopic diseases throughout the offspring’s childhood? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Shuguang , Chen Sheng
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAsthma is the most common respiratory disease among children, while atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis affect about 20% of infants under 2 years old. Recently, studies suggest that they may all be related to prenatal depression or anxiety, but further research and analysis are needed. This study aimed to explore the association between prenatal mental disorders and childhood asthma or atopic disease in a systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies. MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched up to May 2020. The primary outcome was childhood asthma and childhood atopic dermatitis. Random-effects models were used because of high heterogeneity indicated by I2 >50% and Q-test P<0.10. ResultsA total of 598 studies were initially identified, but nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Prenatal mental disorder was associated with childhood asthma (n=6 studies; ES=1.146, 95%CI: 1.054-1.245, P=0.001; I2=93.5%, Pheterogeneity<0.001) whereas no significant association was found for childhood atopic dermatitis (n=4 studies; ES=1.211, 95%CI: 0.982-1.494, P=0.073; I2=78.5%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). Childhood asthma seems to be related more to depression (n=1 study; ES=1.170, 95%CI: 1.061-1.291, P=0.002) and anxiety/depression (n=4 studies; ES=1.157, 95%CI: 1.050-1.275, P=0.073; I2=95.3%, Pheterogeneity<0.001). ConclusionThis meta-analysis demonstrated that prenatal mental disorders increase the risk of childhood asthma. We limited the included samples to pregnant women to investigate the association between prenatal psychological factors and offspring’s physical health. Future studies should include large high-quality cohort studies to investigate the behavioral, environmental, and genetic causes for this association.
TYPES OF INCENTIVES FOR THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Sorochan N.V.
Published: January 2021

Work is everyone’s right. The content of which is the ability of each person to earn a living by work, which he freely selects or freely agrees. Employees of the National Police of Ukraine are a rather “complex” category of workers, due to the specific nature of their activity. It is clear that their job functions are significantly different from the duties of ordinary workers, as are the differences and their rights. In addition, as well as any employee, police officers have the right to be promoted (which also has certain differences). In the modern period of development of Ukrainian society, when extensive socio-economic and political transformations are taking place in the country, the problem of incentives becomes especially relevant. At the same time, the widespread use by the legislator of the dispositive method of legal regulation creates the preconditions for the active and creative use by the subjects of the right given to them the opportunities to achieve the desired legal result on their own, which in modern conditions can and should be ensured by the wider use of such legal means as promotion measures. Encouragement is a positive stimulating influence of subjects (official, body, etc.) on the needs, interests, consciousness, will, behavior of employees, and therefore on the result of their work. The promotion is legal and must be timely, meaningful, and meaningful. It is worth noting that the basis for applying the promotion is their direct prediction and definition in the relevant normative act: Labor Code of Ukraine, rules of internal labor regulations that apply to a particular enterprise, institution, organization, regulations, charters, employment contract. Therefore, the legal basis for the application of incentives is the regulatory definition of such a possibility in a specific legal act.
During the analysis of the scientific literature, a study was conducted that focused on identifying and disclosing the types of incentives for employees of the National Police of Ukraine. Analyzes of scientific opinions are conducted, which reveal the main features of legal incentives, analyze the views of scientists on the classification of incentives as a whole, identify the aspects by which the classification of incentives that apply to police, investigate the incentives set by law, for law enforcement.
Keywords: promotion, employee, National Police of Ukraine, service relations, police officer, labor relations.
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ACTIVITIES OF HUMANITARIAN ORGANIZATIONS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Repin D.A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to an actual topic about the problems of legal regulation of the activities of humanitarian organizations in Ukraine, because of the armed conflict in the east of Ukraine the activities of humanitarian organizations providing assistance to the affected population as a result of hostilities have intensified. At the same time, due to such activation, abuse of this assistance has become more widespread, which results in the use of this assistance not for the intended purpose or for profit. Therefore, with the help of this study, the authors are trying to answer the difficult question of solving this complex problem. This study seeks to address the complexities and shortcomings of humanitarian assistance. Resolving these issues will make the work of humanitarian organizations more effective and transparent, which will be beneficial to both donors and the state, as well as to those who need this aid. The authors also explored the international experience of regulating the work of humanitarian organizations in other countries, such as Finland, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and others. The authors drew attention to the rather widespread problems arising in the territories of armed conflict: disproportionate provision of humanitarian aid, “humanitarian needle”, “humanitarian tourism”; as well as drawing attention to the strengthening of the occurrence of administrative and criminal responsibility in accordance with the norms required by modern Ukrainian legislation. The authors have provided some ways of solving existing problems: amendments to the Law of Ukraine “About Humanitarian Aid”, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, updating of the existing database of international financial assistance.
Keywords: humanitarian aid, humanitarian organizations, armed conflict, donor, recipient, acquirer.
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES THAT ARISE IN THE SPHERE OF APPLICATION ADMINISTRATIVE AND ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AND WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION
Authors: Kolesnikova M. V. , Skoryk A.D.
Published: January 2021

The present article deals with the study of the legal nature of administrative and economic sanctions, the concept of administrative and economic sanctions has been found out, their species have been identified, the historical aspect of the emergence of the concept of administrative and economic sanctions has been characterized, different approaches to understanding the legal nature of administrative and economic sanctions have been analyzed, comparative analysis of administrative and economic sanctions has been done. The authors’ attention has been drawn to the terms of the application of administrative and economic sanctions, case law on the terms of the application of administrative and economic sanctions has been analyzed. It has been suggested to leave the application period sanctions of organizational nature established in the Part 1 Art. 250 of Commercial Code of Ukraine and for sanctions of property nature to provide for twice the duration of their application in the article. Problematic issues that arise in the sphere of application of administrative and economic sanctions have been generalized at this work. Among problematic issues, it has been highlighted uncertainty about the place of administrative and economic sanctions in the system of legal responsibility, lack of a unified approach to finding out the branch of sanctions, ambiguous interpretation of the terms of the application of administrative and economic sanctions, lack of clear regulatory regulation of the terms of application administrative and economic sanctions. It has been suggested to attribute administrative and economic sanctions to economic sanctions, to supplement the provisions of the Economic Code of Ukraine with the rule on administrative and economic sanctions, without delimiting economic sanctions as a whole. It has been emphasized by the authors of the article for non-proliferation of norms on the terms of the application of sanctions on penalties, the amount and procedure of recovery of which are determined by the Tax Code of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine «On Currency and Currency Transactions», «On Banks and Banking» and other laws, the control of compliance with which is vested in the bodies of income and fees.
Keywords: economic relations, economic and legal responsibility, economic sanctions, administrative and economic sanctions, Economic Code of Ukraine.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Pratylenchus species from Yam (Dioscorea spp.) in West Africa
Authors: Kolombia Yao A. , Ogundero Oluwadamilola , Olajide Emmanuel , Viaene Nicole , Kumar P. Lava , Coyne Danny L. , Bert Wim
Published: January 2021

The root-lesion nematodes (RLN), Pratylenchus spp., are among the major plant-parasitic nematodes affecting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in West Africa. The distribution and diversity of RLN species associated with yam was investigated through a soil and tuber survey of the main producing areas in Nigeria and Ghana. Pratylenchus spp. were detected in the yam rhizosphere in 59% of 81 soil samples from Ghana and 39% of 114 soil samples from Nigeria. Pratylenchus spp. were detected in 24 of 400 tubers examined, in combination with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and their associated damage of galls and crazy roots (79%), and with yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) and their associated damage of dry rot (17%), although no specific additional symptoms were observed for Pratylenchus spp. Species of Pratylenchus were identified by their morphological features and by sequences of the D2-D3 region of the 28 S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). Pratylenchus brachyurus was the most frequent RLN species in both the rhizosphere and tubers of yam. Pratylenchus hexincisus was recovered from one tuber collected in Nigeria. While further investigations are required to establish the host status of yam for this nematode, this appears to be the first record of P. hexincisus on yam. The present taxonomical status of P. scribneri and P. hexincisus is discussed.
Lupus Nephritis in Pediatric Practice: 20-Year Experience in Care
Authors: Makovetskaya G. A. , Mazur L. I. , Borisova O. V. , Barinov V. N. , Sedashkina O. A. , Barannikova E. A.
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the Study: assessment of the course and outcomes of the lupus nephritis in children; determination of the efficiency of use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the lupus nephritis. Children Characteristics and Study Methods. Over a 20-year period, we analyzed the data of 36 children with the systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis at the ages from 5 to 17 years. Results. In 72.2% of the cases, the kidney damage was noted at the disease onset, and the severe, recurrent course of the lupus nephritis was registered. The nephrotic syndrome has developed in 47.2% of cases. All patients received the comprehensive treatment: corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, selective immunosuppressants. A study was conducted for 23 children to determine the efficiency of the enalapril treatment prescribed for the purpose of the nephroprotection. It was revealed that this drug improves the long-term results. There was registered the twofold decrease in the disease recurrence rate, fivefold decrease in the level of daily proteinuria. Five-year survival rate was observed in 100% of the patients, 10-year – in 91.6%, end-stage renal failure was diagnosed in 8.4% of the children. 5 patients died in adult life (mortality rate is 13.9%). Conclusion. The children with the lupus nephritis require the continuation maintenance therapy. The use of the selective immunosuppressants and nephroprotectors has contributed to the renal survival.
Difficulties in Kawasaki Disease Diagnosis and Treatment in Children
Authors: Dobrovanov A. E. , Dmytriev D. , Dmytrieva K. Yu. , Hustavova L.
Published: January 2021

The Kawasaki disease is the acute vasculitis specific to the childhood that affects the medium-sized arteries and causes the coronary aneurysms in about 25% of the patients untreated. This disease is one of the causes of the heart diseases acquired in the children in the economically developed countries. The cause of the Kawasaki disease remains unknown. The Article is based on the current guidelines and clinical case, with special focus on the necessity of the early diagnosis and proper treatment, since only early diagnosis and timely treatment of the patients with this disease prevent the damage of the coronary arteries.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Pentanedioic Acid Imidazolyl Ethanamide in Patients Aged 3 to 6 years with Influenza and other Acute Respiratory Viral Infections Based on the Results of Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Study
Authors: Geppe N. A. , Kondyurina E. G. , Kolosova N. G. , Jablokova E. A.
Published: January 2021

Study Goals.Assessment of the efficacy and safety of the Pentanedioic Acid Imidazolyl Ethanamide (IPA) in the treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) in children aged 3–6 years.Children Characteristics and Study Methods.The randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter clinical study involving 190patients aged 3–6 years was carried out as follows: 95 patients received IPA at 30 mg/day dose once for 5 days and 95 patients – placebo using the same pattern. The therapy efficacy was assessed by the body temperature, dynamics of the individual symptoms of thedisease as per the Severity Scale for the patients with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (Scale) and the incidencerate of complications of the acute respiratory viral infections. The primary endpoint is the period of the score reduction on the Scale to 2points, providing that there is not more than 1 score on the individual subscales with the body temperature normalization from the startof treatment. The safety analysis was carried out using the assessment of the nature and incidence rate of the adverse events.Results.The IPA use at 30 mg/day dose significantly promotes the achievement of goals for the primary endpoint – the averagevalue in the IPA group is 91.79 h (95% confidence interval – CI from 87.45 to 96.13), in the placebo group – 100.12 h (95% CIfrom 96.73 to 103.51). In the IPA group, the body temperature returned to normal by 18.56 h faster in average compared with theplacebo. The regression of the catarrhal and intoxication symptoms was significantly promoted with the IPA use as follows: by the3rd day of the therapy, the average score on the Scale was 5.22 points for IPA, and it was statistically significantly lower than thatin the placebo group – 6.21 points. The comparative analysis of the incidence rate of adverse events did not reveal the statisticallysignificant differences between IPA and placebo. None of the adverse events recorded was clinically significant, and none caused thecancellation or change in the dosage of the study drug.Conclusions.IPA broad-spectrum antiviral drug at 30 mg/day dose has demonstrated the high efficacy in the treatment of the acute respiratory viral infections of various etiologies in children aged 3–6 years. The IPA use compared with the placebo causes the significant reduction of the fever period, accelerates the relief of the intoxication and catarrhal symptoms, and decreases the recoverytime. The IPA is characterized by high tolerability and high safety, which allows to recommend the drug for the treatment of influenzaand ARVI (acute respiratory viral infections) in children from 3 years of age.
Diagnostic Value of Type IV Collagen Expression in Renal Glomeruli at Alport’s Syndrome
Authors: Aksenova M. E. , Povilaitite P. E. , Konkova N. E. , Dlin V. V.
Published: January 2021

The Alport’s syndrome is the hereditary multisystem disease characterized by the development of the progressive nephropathy. The early diagnosis and subsequent prescription of nephroprotective therapy improves significantly the nephrological prognosis. Purpose of the Study. Determine the value of the immunohistochemical method for the Alport’s syndrome diagnosis. Material and methods. The clinical, laboratory and morphological data of 35 patients with suspected Alport’s syndrome (13 years of age [11; 16]; 18 boys and 17 girls) examined in the Nephrology Department in 2013–2019 were summarized. The study of the renal tissue included the light, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy of the kidney biopsy sample, determination of the expression of α1, α3 and α5 chains of type IV collagen in the renal glomeruli using the immunohistochemical method; the genetic testing was carried out for 26 patients. The children were divided into groups depending on the glomerular expression of α5 chain of type IV collagen: normal (group 1, n=18), decreased (group 2, n=4), negative (group 3, n=13). Results are as the following: The disorder of the expression of α5 chain was detected in ¾ (q = 0.78) patients with genetically confirmed Alport’s syndrome and in almost all children with the X-linked variant of the disease (q = 0.94). Results. Based on the genetic testing, the Alport’s syndrome was confirmed in ¼ of the children of the 1st group (the children with the heterozygous variants of COL4A3, COL4A5 genes) and in all children of the 2nd and 3rd groups (COL4A5 variants). The sensitivity/ specificity of the immunohistochemical study for the Alport’s syndrome diagnosis was 78% /100%, that of the electron microscopy – 93% /87%. The predictive value of the positive/negative result of the immunohistochemical study was 100% /66%, that of the electron microscopy – 95% / 88% compared with 100% / 88% with the combine use of two methods. Conclusion. The determination of the expression of α5 chain of type IV collagen in the renal glomeruli has the independent diagnostic value, but it is inferior to the electron microscopy in the heterozygous variants of the Alport’s syndrome. The high specificity of the immunohistochemical method makes it possible to confirm the Alport’s syndrome in the case of the change in the expression of α5 chain of type IV collagen in the renal glomeruli.
Social Aspects of Adherence to Gluten-Free Diet for Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Klimov L. Ja. , Kochneva L. D. , Gevandova M. G. , Kuryaninova V. A. , Stoyan M. V. , Kashnikov V. S. , Ivanova A. V. , Jagupova A. V. , Kashnikovа S. N.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study: analysis of medical and social problems and factors affecting the availability and compliance of a gluten-free diet, based on a survey of parents of children with celiac disease living in southern Russia. Purpose of the Study: Analysis of the medical and social problems and factors affecting the availability and adherence to the gluten-free diet based on the results of the questioning survey of the parents of children with celiac disease that are residents of the south of Russia. Children Characteristics and Study Methods. The study include 200 families that bring up the children with the celiac disease at the ages from 10 months to 18 years. The patients included 116 (58%) girls and 84 (42%) boys. The medical and social issues were studied using the developed questionnaire consisting of the open questions and intended as self-administered by the patient parents. Results. 87% of the families noted the significant difficulties in adhering to the diet, 75% were forced to refuse to travel with children, 56% of the surveyed were unable to visit the public spaces, restaurants, and 90% indicated the impossibility and difficulties in purchase of the gluten-free products. The strict adherence to the diet at school age is much worse. The main reasons for the deliberate non- adherence to the gluten-free diet are the high cost of food, lack of funds to purchase it. The patient families spend RUB 8,000– 9,000 per month in average to purchase the gluten-free products. There is a great demand of patients for the imported products with the relevant quality marks. The psychological symptoms were noted in the patients with celiac disease in response to the introduction of the gluten-free diet, manifested by the depression, aggression, irritability, high level of the anxiety. Conclusion. The main difficulties faced by the families that bring up the children and adolescents with the celiac disease include the social and psychological maladjustment of the patients, reduced finances, search and purchase of the high-quality gluten-free products and the necessity to adapt the child and family members to the dietary habits.
Lipid metabolism disorders and thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Sadykova D. I. , Susekov A. V. , Leontyeva I. V. , Zakirov I. I. , Slastnikova E. S. , Galimova L. F. , Sabirova D. R. , Krinitskaya N. V.
Published: January 2021

Disorders of lipid metabolism in endocrine diseases are a frequent occurrence in the daily practice of a doctor and usually have secondary nature. In thyrotoxicosis they have normal or decreased level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. A clinical case of a patient with thyrotoxicosis, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is presented. The clinical and laboratory results of the study of the child and his parents are presented. DNA testing was conducted to clarify the diagnosis and conduct differential diagnosis of dyslipidemia type. This case shows difficulties in the diagnostic search for the etiology of dyslipidemia and its correction.
Hyperammonemia in Neonatologist Practice
Authors: Degtyareva A. V. , Sokolova E. V. , Zakharova E. Yu. , Isaeva M. Kh. , Vysokikh M. Yu. , Ivanets T. Yu. , Degtyarev D. N.
Published: January 2021

The neonatal hyperammonemia is the pathological condition that occurs during the neonatal period; it is characterized by theincreased content of the free ammonium ions in the blood, and it causes the severe neurological disorders. The hyperammonemiain the newborns is one of the manifestations of a wide range of both primary (hereditary) and secondary metabolic disorders.Depending on the specific cause, the hyperammonemia in the neonatal period can be of the persistent or transient nature. As a rule,the clinical signs of this condition are nonspecific. The neurological disorders of the varying severity are noted, as follows: CNS(central nervous system) excitement or depression syndrome, episodes of apnea, diffuse muscular hypotonia, convulsive disorder andcoma. The hyperammonemia can be accompanied by the respiratory disorders, and it can cause the development of the multiple organfailure that resembles the clinical symptom complex of the sepsis. The severity of brain damage correlates with the degree of increasein the ammonia concentration and hyperammonemia duration. Early diagnosis of the hyperammonemia allows to save the child’s life,to prevent the severe neurological consequences and to reduce the risk of disability. Moreover, the identification of the hereditarymetabolic diseases accompanied by the hyperammonemia determines the necessity to carry out the genetic counselling of the family,as well as the prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Od ‘res nullius do fructus fundi’. Upolowana zwierzyna oraz zyski z polowania i połowu jako pożytek z gruntu w rozważaniach rzymskich jurystów
Authors: Benincasa Zuzanna
Published: January 2021

W artykule omówione zostały teksty rzymskich jurystów podejmujące zagadnienie potraktowania dzikich zwierząt, ptactwa i ryb oraz dochodów pozyskiwanych z myślistwa i połowu jako fructus fundi. Co do zasady, dzika zwierzyna, ptactwo i ryby żyjące w stanie naturalis libertas nie mogły być potraktowane jako pożytek z gruntu, bowiem stanowiły element natury – res nullius, której własność mógł nabyć każdy przez zawłaszczenie. Zmianę przynosi dopiero schyłek republiki, kiedy to rosnący popyt na dzikie zwierzęta, ryby i ptactwo powoduje, że popularne staje się hodowanie ich dla zysku w zorganizowanych vivaria i rozległych rezerwatach. Te przemiany ekonomiczno-społeczne skłoniły rzymskich jurystów do rozszerzenia tradycyjnej koncepcji fructus fundi również na korzyści w postaci upolowanej zwierzyny, ptactwa i ryb oraz zysków z ich sprzedaży, jakie przynosił grunt przeznaczony na potrzeby venationes, a nawet na okazjonalne i nieregularne dochody, jakie mógł pozyskiwać użytkownik z tytułu sprzedaży i wynajmu upolowanej zwierzyny, ptactwa i złowionych ryb żyjących w stanie naturalis libertas na użytkowanym gruncie.
Rozwiązanie małżeństwa przez rozwód bez udziału pozwanego w prawie Florydy – wybrane zagadnienia proceduralne
Authors: Maćkowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Jest rzeczą oczywistą, że wskutek globalizacji i migracji coraz więcej trudności wynika ze stosowania przepisów obowiązujących w porządkach prawnych różnych państw, zwłaszcza gdy konﬂikt obejmuje system prawa kontynentalnego i common law. W związku z rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na wyjaśnienie przepisów prawnych innych krajów, w niniejszej publikacji zaprezentowano wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące rozwiązania małżeństwa przez rozwód według prawa Florydy, które mogą mieć znaczenie dla stron procesowych mieszkających w Polsce, a mianowicie: wymuszone doręczenie pozwu, skutki braku udziału pozwanego w postępowaniu i możliwości wzruszenia wyroku. W dużej części artykuł ma charakter deskryptywny, niemniej na kanwie metody dogmatyczno-prawnej oraz analizy teleologicznej zakreślono także potencjalne problemy determinowane zastosowaniem określonej normy. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że różnice między prawem polskim a prawem Florydy powinny być szczególnie rozważane przez sądy decydujące o uznaniu wyroków zagranicznych. Co więcej, w dobie dyskusji nad kształtowaniem polityki państwa co do wyboru między konserwatywnym a liberalnym podejściem do rozwodów, warto przywołać rozwiązania obowiązujące na Florydzie, która należy właśnie do stanów daleko ograniczających ocenę winy w postępowaniu rozwodowym. Przykład ukierunkowanych na funkcjonalność i pragmatyzm rozwiązań amerykańskich musi zostać jednak zderzony z polityką konkretnego państwa w zakresie braku lub istnieniem woli ograniczania liczby rozwodów oraz światopoglądem, który przeważa w danym społeczeństwie.
Synergistic Two-Way Interactions of Dietary Polyphenols and Dietary Components on the Gut Microbial Composition: Is There a Positive, Negative, or Neutralizing Effect in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases?
Authors: Swallah Mohammed Sharif , Yu Hansong , Piao Chunhong , Fu Hongling , Yakubu Zakari , Sossah Frederick Leo
Published: January 2021

:

Polyphenol is an intricate bioactive molecule abundant in human/animal’s diet particularly plant foods, and has
been evidenced in numerous reports with health-promoting functions, owing to its possessed free radical scavenging
properties and a broad spectrum of bioactivities. However, the beneficial functions are linked and restricted to
bioavailability, which is dictated by the diversity of the gut microbiota. The human/animal’s gut harbours a complex
community of trillions of microbial species and their symbiotic relationship goes beyond mere aiding the host’s digestive
system, with important functions such as host nutrition and health by encouraging nutrient metabolism and absorption,
regulation of the gastrointestinal development, protection against pathogens, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier
functions and host immune system. The disruption of the gut community (i.e., dysbiosis) is suggested to reflect several
pathological processes, such as diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic-related comorbidities. Recent improvements in deepsequencing technologies and bioinformatics have enabled a more complex understanding of the reciprocal interactions of
dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota, as well as their metabolic impact. Hence this review seeks to discuss the two-way
synergistic interactions of dietary polyphenols and dietary constituents on the gut microbial composition with an updated
and pivotal finding from literature suggesting whether these interactions depict a positive, negative, or neutralizing effect in
the prevention of metabolic diseases.
Curcumin: An Insight into Molecular Pathways Involved in Anticancer Activity
Authors: Joshi Priyanka , Joshi Sushil , Semwal Deepak , Bisht Akansha , Paliwal Sarvesh , Dwivedi Jaya , Sharma Swapnil
Published: January 2021

Curcuma longa has been mentioned in the Indian system of medicine for the management
of a wide range of diseases. C. longa and its metabolites like curcumin, ar-turmerone, methylcurcumin,
demethoxy-curcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin have also been reported to be beneficial
in various types of cancer. Curcumin elicits anticancer properties chiefly by triggering apoptotic
pathways in cancer cells. The properties are facilitated through diverse signaling pathways viz. pathways
mediated by NF-kB, WNT/β-catenin pathway COX-2, LOX, STAT3, prostaglandin E2, phosphorylase
kinase, VEGF, AKT, AP1, STAT3, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, ERK5, AP-1, TGF-b, PPARc,
EBPa, NLRP3 inflammasome, p38MAPK, Nrf2, Notch-1, AMPK, TLR-4, etc. The present article
highlights curcumin biosynthesis, phytochemistry and diverse molecular pathways involved in regulating
several types of secondary messengers to exhibit anticancer activity in almost all the forms of
cancer.
Live Cells Extracts of Freshly Cut Chicken and Baby Sprouts of Mung
Beans Detected with UV Absorption and Proton NMR Spectra
Authors: Pandian G. Soundra
Published: January 2021

Background:

This article discloses information related to a recent patent filed by the
author on extracts of freshly cut farm birds and animals.

Objective:

The objective was to evaluate “Liquid-Protein” extracts obtained from live cells of
protein-rich meat of farm birds or animals as well as from baby plants of pulses.

Method:

Freshly cut meat pieces or sprouts of pulses were put in water and pulse-heated for
30 minutes. The nutritious water extract of these was taken that contained amino-acids/proteins
and some signaling chemicals emitting from the stressed live cells.

Results:

The heat-stressed animal cells (of Chicken) released creatine and many other nutrients in
the extract along with Guanosine triphosphate/Guanosine diphosphate/ Guanosine monophosphate/
Inosine Mono Phosphate (GTP/GDP/ GMP/IMP), showing a UV absorption peak at 249
nm. This paper analyses the UV-Visual Absorption spectra and proton NMR data for the extracts.
It is disclosed that the vegetarian baby plant cells of pulse seeds released (ATP) Adenosine
Tri Phosphate (264 nm peak) along with Resveratrol (306 nm peak) but did not produce creatine,
and such an extract exhibited side effects.

Conclusion:

Cells of birds/animals are similar to those of humans, and the signaling chemicals in
the non-vegetarian extract are non-toxic and 100% compatible with humans as compared to plant
cell extracts with incompatible chemicals.
Since meat cells manage to “live” for longer than 10 hours without blood/oxygen supply, in anaerobic
cell respiration involving creatine and GTP/GDP/GMP/IMP, the extract of these meat
cells plays a key role in metabolic cell repair, inducing anti-aging effects in humans.
Bridge Safety Analysis Based on the Function of Exceptional Vehicle Transit Speed
Authors: Ventura Roberto , Barabino Benedetto , Vetturi David , Maternini Giulio
Published: January 2021

Background:

The road management agencies often prescribe very low-speed limits for exceptional vehicles transiting on the deck. These restrictions aim to reduce the dynamic effects due to the vehicle-bridge interaction because it is assumed that these effects increase with speed. However, sometimes, a reduction in speed increases the encounter probability of two exceptional vehicles travelling in opposite directions and this could compromise the safety of the bridge when the total masses of both vehicles exceed the bridge bearing capacity (or limit mass).

Objective:

While the literature has investigated the encounter probability in a theoretical way and has investigated the vehicle-bridge interaction, especially in terms of dynamic load increment, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the conjunction probability of encounters and of exceeding the limit mass also by using real data. This paper aims to cover this gap by proposing an integrated model that computes the “Annual Probability of Failure”of the bridge, defined as the likelihood to exceed the “Limit Mass" of the deck when two opposite exceptional vehicles encounter.

Methods:

According to the probability theory, the “Annual Probability of Failure”can be obtained by multiplying the likelihood that during the reference year, at least once, two exceptional vehicles, travelling in two opposite directions (ascendant and descendant), will be simultaneously on the bridge deck (“Annual probability of encounter”) with the likelihood that the sum of the single masses of two exceptional vehicles randomly extracted from the sample, including the dynamic effects, exceeds the limit massml(“Probability of exceeding the limit mass”).

Results:

The results show that the probability of encounter increases with both the exceptional vehicles flow rate and the length of the span, whereas it decreases with the passing speed. The probability of exceeding the limit mass increases with speed. Nevertheless, by combining both the probabilities, these results suggest the existence of an “Optimal Speed”, which minimizes the “Annual Probability of Failure”.

Conclusion:

The existence of an “Optimal Speed” should be considered when defining the exceptional vehicle transit rules on bridges as well as the speed limit.
Investigation of Radiolabeling Efficacy by Enhancement of the Chemical
form of no Carrier Added 177Lu Isolated by Electro Amalgamation Process
Authors: Salek Nafise , Vosoughi Sara , Arani Simindokht Shirvani , Samani Ali Bahrami , Maragheh Mohammad Ghannadi
Published: January 2021

Background:

Due to the suitable nuclear decay characteristics, 177Lu is an attractive radionuclide for various therapeutic applications. The non-carrier added form of 177Lu has drawn many attention because of its high specific activity needed in radiolabeling studies. There have been several separation methods for NCA 177Lu production.

Objectives:

Among the various separation methods, the electro-amalgamation separation method has got a large potential for large scale production. Li presence is a significant problem in this separation method, which seriously affects the radiolabeling efficiency.

Method:

In this study, Li was separated from the final product of electro-amalgamation separation by adding an ion-exchange chromatography column to the separation process.

Results:

NCA 177Lu was obtained by 84.09% ELM separation yield, 99.9% radionuclide purity and, 65 Ci/g specific activity. Then, 177Lu (177LuCl3 chemical form) was separated from Li using the ion exchange chromatography method by a separation yield of 94%. The obtained results of the radiolabeling efficacy studies showed that the radiochemical purity and radio-complex stability were significantly increased by separating of NCA 177Lu from Li.

Conclusion:

This new separation setup consisting of two steps allows using 177Lu of such a favorable quality for labeling studies.
Withdrawal Notice: Implementation of Rock Paper Scissor Game using Convolutional Neural Network in Python with TensorFlow
Authors: Pandey Chandra Shekhar , Singh Mahesh Kumar , Srivastava Arun Pratap , Yadav Amit
Published: January 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal International Journal of Sensors, Wireless
Communications and Control due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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