bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction model for severe vesicoureteral reflux in children with urinary tract infection and/or hydronephrosis
Authors: laleoglu pelin , Yildiz Gizem , Bayram Meral Torun , Ucar Handan Guleryuz , Soylu Alper , Kavukcu Salih
Published: August 2024

Background
As voiding cystourethrography is invasive and carries the risks of radiation and urinary tract infection, identifying only high-grade reflux is important. We aimed to identify risk factors for severe reflux in children presenting with urinary tract infections and/or urinary tract dilatation and to develop a prediction model for severe reflux.
Methods
Data of the children who underwent voiding cystourethrography due to urinary tract infections and/or urinary tract dilatation were retrospectively analyzed for demographic, clinical and imaging findings. Patients with severe (grades 4–5) reflux were compared with the rest for these parameters and a prediction model was developed for severe reflux.
Results
The study included 1044 patients (574 female). Severe reflux was present in 86 (8.2%) patients. Non-E. coli uropathogens, hydronephrosis, UTD-P3 dilatation, multiple renal scar, and decreased renal function on DMSA scintigraphy were associated with severe reflux. The prediction model by using these variables for severe reflux with a score ranging from 0–6 and an accuracy rate of 93.4% was developed. A score of ≥ 4 had a sensitivity 48.8%, specificity 95.8%, PPV 51.2%, and NPV 95.4% for severe reflux. Patients with ≥ 4 score were 21.9 times more likely to have severe reflux.
Conclusion
Non-E. coli uropathogen growth, the presence of hydronephrosis and especially UTD-P3 dilatation on ultrasonography, presence of multiple scars and decreased relative function on DMSA scintigraphy were found to be independent risk factors for severe reflux. Our scoring system based on these variables appears to be effective in predicting the presence of severe VUR.
Parametric correction in the control system of the electric propulsion of autonomous underwater vehicles affected by random inputs
Authors: Avdeev Boris A. , Vyngra Aleksei V. , Chernyi Sergei G. , Zhilenkov Anton A. , Degtyarev Andrey , Mamunts David , Kustov Aleksandr
Published: August 2024

The paper deals with the problem of controlling a DC propulsion motor of an autonomous underwater vehicle using a bidirectional non-isolated DC-DC converter. An automatic speed control system with a parametric controller was developed in the Matlab / Simulink package. To reduce energy conversion stages, dc-dc converters are often used to control dc motors AUV. The result of the work is an adaptive control system for the speed of the AUV propeller, which would provide high accuracy for a wide range of speeds and at the same time limit the maximum current and voltage at the armature. The indicators of the quality of performance in various modes of operation were determined, maps of the controller settings were compiled, and parametric correction was introduced. The operation of the system is analyzed and drawbacks are eliminated, such as voltage surges when switching from one speed to another, a decrease in overshoot and settling time. The performance of the system is analyzed under the conditions of random inputs from the propeller. The description of the laboratory stand for the study of the control system is given. A description of the laboratory study of the operation of the "DC converter - engine" system under conditions of random fluctuations in the moments on the motor shaft is given. It is shown that the proposed system has shown itself well under laboratory conditions and the experimental results are consistent with modeling in Matlab / Simulink.
Utility of IMP3, p53, and S100P Immunohistochemical Stains in Distinguishing Reactive Atypia from Dysplasia in Cholecystectomy Specimens
Authors: Sica Evan , Shore Karen T , Yang Limin , Phelps Kara Chan , Hammer Suntrea TG , Gopal Purva , Karamchandani Dipti M , Mitchell James Michael
Published: August 2024

Background: Distinguishing reactive atypia from dysplasia in cholecystectomy specimens can be histologically challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of IMP3, p53, and S100P immunostains in differentiating reactive atypia from dysplasia in cholecystectomies.
Methods: Fifty-four cholecystectomies were reviewed and characterized into 5 groups: 2 normal, 29 reactive atypia, 16 low-grade dysplasia, 2 high-grade dysplasia, and 5 adenocarcinoma. IMP3, p53, and S100P immunostains were performed and evaluated. IMP3 (nuclear) and S100P (nuclear or nuclear/cytoplasmic) were categorized into negative or positive expression, and p53 was categorized into wild-type and aberrant/mutant expression. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The patients were mostly middle-aged women (mean 44, range 19-87 years, 81% female), with predominantly Hispanic White ethnicity (80%). The majority of the normal and reactive atypia cases showed negative IMP3 (100% and 75.9%, respectively) and wild-type p53 (100% and 89.7%, respectively) staining. Over half (56.3%) of the low-grade dysplasia and all the high-grade dysplasia cases showed IMP3 positivity. Aberrant p53 staining pattern was seen in half of both low and high-grade dysplasia cases. Adenocarcinoma showed IMP3 positivity in 80% and p53 aberrancy in all cases. S100P showed no statistical significance among the diagnostic categories. Significant differences in staining patterns were found between reactive atypia vs low-grade dysplasia, and reactive atypia vs low-grade + high-grade dysplasia using a combination of IMP3 and p53 stains (all p<0.05).
Conclusions: In challenging cholecystectomies, IMP3 positivity or aberrant p53 expression may serve as a useful adjunct to support a diagnosis of dysplasia over reactive atypia.
Comparison of Failure Risk in Rock Slopes Using Kinematic and Empirical Methods (Case Study)
Authors: Maleki Mahdi Rasouli , Nafiseh Yousefi Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

In engineering projects related to rock mechanics such as open pit mines, evaluating and ensuring the stability of mine walls is a crucial aspect of these structures. Understanding the types of failures that may occur is a key focus during the study phase of open pit mines. The occurrence of failure phenomena in both natural and artificial rock slopes, like those found in open-pit mines and road trenches, poses significant challenges for such projects. The Chadormalu mine is known as one of the largest open-pit iron mines in Iran, with part of the mine's pit affected by fractures. In this study, field studies were conducted on the fracture systems of mine walls and spatial assessment for their location in three blocks, B-2, B-12 and B-15, for conducting kinematic analyses using RockPack III program and for empirical methods, Slope Mass Rating (SMR) method has been utilized. A case study of the Chadormalu iron ore mine, where the west wall ruptures have been analyzed using kinematic and empirical methods, reveals that the presence of various fault surfaces and fractures in the rock mass can lead to different types of failures such as planar, wedging, and toppling failures in the mine wall. The results obtained from this analysis, utilizing both kinematic and empirical methods, demonstrate a strong correlation between the data obtained from these two approaches.
Bird assemblages in specialty coffee production landscapes in pre-montane humid subtropical forests
Authors: Antezana-Alvarado Nayra , Torrico Gabriel G. , Pacheco Luis F. , Benavides-Frias Camila , Torrez Vania , Jacobi Johana
Published: August 2024

Coffee-related agricultural intensification affects bird species abundance, richness, and composition through habitat loss and degradation. Production of specialty coffee is expected to be more sustainable and environmentally friendly than conventional coffee. Nevertheless, not all specialty coffee is grown sustainably. To evaluate environmental sustainability, we evaluated the composition of bird assemblages in six specialty coffee-producing communities in Bolivia’s pre-montane subtropical humid forest region. To do this, we measured the diversity, richness, generalist and specialist species, and the effect of habitat on bird assemblages, comparing coffee plots and secondary forest plots as part of “Nature’s matrix”. We found significant differences in the abundance of generalist bird species. We did not find differences in the richness and diversity of specialist species. Plant strata, herbaceous leaf cover, and shrub leaf cover affected the assemblages of generalist species. Our results represent a first step toward understanding the intricate relationship between biodiversity and specialty coffee production, highlighting the importance of considering regional differences in landscape characteristics – conceived of as Nature’s matrix – when examining biodiversity in specialty coffee systems.
Experimental investigations into corrosion behaviour of DMLS manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy in different biofluids for orthopedic implants
Authors: Goyal Vipin , Prasad Nisheeth Kr. , Verma Girish
Published: August 2024

Ti6Al4V alloy is widely used in the biomedical implants industry due to the excellent combination of biocompatibility, mechanical strength & corrosion properties. However, long-time use of Ti6Al4V implants may result in degradation at surge due to corrosive conditions of the human body. In this study, a three-electrode electrochemical cell was used to investigate the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy parts manufactured using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and conventional cast technique. The corrosion behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloy was used to investigate in three different biofluids (corrosion media) physiological saline solution (PSS), simulated body fluids (SBF), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)using the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test. The relevant results showed the DMLS-produced Ti6Al4V alloy has ~ 22% higher corrosion resistance than the conventionally cast Ti6Al4V alloy in all three biofluids. Additionally, the DMLS-produced Ti6Al4V alloy in SBF has the lowest corrosion rate of 3.44 x10− 4 mm per year and exhibits the highest polarization resistance (Rp) of 3364 Ω.cm2 due to the formation of a stable passive film. The corrosion resistance of the DMLS and cast produced Ti6Al4V alloy in all three biofluids followed the order of PSS < PBS < SBF.
Rank-based combination independence tests for high-dimensional data
Authors: Xia Liqi , Cao Ruiyuan , Du Jiang , Liu Ling
Published: August 2024

This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the versatility of the max-sum test in high-dimensional data analysis by combining two distinct rank correlation coefficients: Spearman’s ρ and Chatterjee’s ξ. We uncovered the independence between the max-type test and the sum-type test by deriving their joint distribution. This enables the development of a comprehensive max-sum test that tackles both sparse and dense alternative correlation structures adeptly. Leveraging the asymp-totic independence between the two coefficients and the intrinsic highlights of two single-coefficient tests, we have strategically implemented Cauchy combination principles to devise a multifunctional testing methodology. This approach can accommodate monotonic and nonmonotonic data types and thus offers a versatile solution to a broad spectrum of analytical requirements. This versatility has been impressively demonstrated through a diverse range of simulation data and a real-world gene expression dataset, underscoring the effectiveness and practical utility of our proposed method.
Tuina alleviates the muscle atrophy of sciatic nerve injury rats through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: 张 英奇 , 张 羽羽 , 刘 嘉悦 , 周日 佳伟 , 徐 岳 , shi Narentuya , 张 洪正 , 燕 嘉旺 , 陈 金平 , 王 Hourong , 余 天源
Published: August 2024

Background
Tuina has been shown to be an effective treatment for the decrease of skeletal muscle atrophy after Peripheral nerve injury (PNI). However, its mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of tuina on rats with sciatic nerve injury (SNI).
Methods
A rat model of SNI was established. After a total of 20 times tuina intervention, the curative effects were evaluated by behavioral assessment, nerve function index and muscle atrophy index (MAI). The pathological changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The levels of IGF-1 and FoxO were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of proteins in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Result
The behavioral assessment, nerve function index and MAI proved that tuina significantly improved muscle atrophy after SNI compared with that in SNI model group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that tuina improved ultramicrostructure and immunofluorescence of CD31 showed that tuina improved microcirculation. Further, we observed that tuina differentially regulated levels of IGF-1 and FoxO and the protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and VEGF in anterior tibial muscle and soleus muscle.
Conclusion
Tuina could effectively inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy via the microcirculation pathway in the rat model of SNI, by regulating the expression levels of IGF-1, FoxO. The underlying mechanism of action might be via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Light-induced quantum tunnelling current in graphene
Authors: Hassan Mohammed , Sennary Mohamed , Shah Jalil , Yuan Mingrui , Mahjoub Ahmed , Pervak Vladimir , Golubev Nikolay
Published: August 2024

In the last decade, advancements in attosecond spectroscopy have allowed us to study electron motion dynamics in condensed matter. The access to these electron dynamics and, consequently, its control by an ultrafast light field paves the way for establishing ultrafast optoelectronics. Here, we report the generation of light-induced quantum tunnelling current in graphene phototransistors by ultrafast laser pulses in an ambient environment. This tunnelling effect provides access to the instantaneous field-driven current to demonstrate the current switching (ON and OFF) on a 630 attosecond (~1.6 petahertz speed). Moreover, we controlled the tunnelling current and enhanced the graphene phototransistor conductivity by controlling the density of the photoexcited charge carriers at different pump laser powers. Furthermore, we exploited this capability to demonstrate various logic gates. The demonstrated light-induced tunnelling current and ultrafast switching were attained under standard room temperature and pressure conditions. Therefore, the presented scientific advancement in this work is at the technology readiness level suitable for its immediate integration into the development of ultrafast—nearly six orders of magnitude faster—optical transistors, lightwave electronics, and optical quantum computers.
A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach for Material Selection in Biomedical Ultrasound Imaging Experiments.
Authors: Sahu Amita , Sinha Niraj
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we present a multi-criteria prioritization of tissue-mimicking materials for ultrasound elastography imaging experiments. A decision matrix with target-based criteria and interval data has been formed to rank the nine most suitable materials for the application based on nine target-based decision criteria. Criteria weights are calculated using the best-worst method (BWM), the entropy weight method, and the correlation of criteria weights. The existing Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is not suitable for the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems in biomedical applications where target-based criteria and uncertain data are involved. Therefore, to use the TOPSIS method for such problems, the method has been modified and named the Interval data and Target criteria based TOPSIS (IT-TOPSIS) method. This IT-TOPSIS method and an extended VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method are then used to rank the materials. The study found that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the best-suited soft tissue-mimicking material for ultrasound elastography imaging experiments, followed by gelatine and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA).
Veículos elétricos: Como a China está se preparando para se tornar a maior potência mundial do segmento?
Authors: Cechin Alícia , Bispo Scarlett Queen Almeida
Published: August 2024

Nos ultimos anos a China se tornou um importante produtor, vendedor e consumidor de veículos elétricos, superando países consolidados no setor automobilístico. Dado esse cenário, o objetivo do estudo consiste em fazer um panorama sobre a posição da China no segmento de veículos elétricos, de forma a entender sua trajetória a partir da análise das políticas de desenvolvimento do país como o “Made in China 2025” e 13º e 14º Plano Quinquenais, bem como das políticas específicas de eletrificação da indústria. No que tange aos resultados encontrados, elucida-se que a China é umdos principais vendedores e detentores dos veículos elétricos a bateria, apoiada pelo seu papel relvante na criação de um ambiente para o desenvolvimento de veículos elétricos, dado seu farto mercado consumidor bem como por sua abertura de mercado para entrada de importantes fabricantes de automóveis a partir de joint ventures, Além disso, os achados indicam que a China demonstrou metas ambiciosas para se tornar a maior potência industrial de veículos elétricos, com empresas nacionais referência não apenas no mercado interno, como em todo o mundo.
Evaluation of the Program for Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students from the CIPP Model Perspective
Authors: Ningsih Dewi Rahayu , Bakhri Syaiful
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the results of evaluating the context, input, process, output of the project program to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students at Nasima Middle School, Semarang. Nasima Junior High School in the implementation of P5 (Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project) is not escorted even though the driving school should be escorted by the government. The escort is not sustainable, and only given material. Furthermore, everything related to implementation is determined by the school. Because Basically, the independent curriculum is very depends on the characteristics of the education unit according to different characters. Well, the curriculum at that time accommodates that character. Including in determining the project of strengthening the student profile of Pancasila. In this research, the method used is descriptive qualitative. Using interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques. The data obtained was analyzed by data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Test the validity of the data using triangulation of sources and methods. The results of the research show that: 1) The results of the evaluation of the program context for the project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students have been running, it can be seen from how three projects were prepared for one year, 2) The results of the evaluation of the program input for the project to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students have been running, it can be seen from the competence of the educators , 3) The results of the process evaluation regarding obstacles in the implementation of the project program to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students are already underway, which can be seen from the implementation of three projects, 4) The results of the product evaluation regarding the continuation of the project program to strengthen the profile of Pancasila students are already underway with a graphic increase in the results of student achievement. It is recommended that the program be continued with some improvements in terms of budget, activity management, and long-term oriented products. And for the government, the driving schools should also be escorted in the implementation of P5.
Manajemen Kesiswaan: Program Sholat Dhuha Dalam Memperkuat Spiritualitas Siswa
Authors: Yulianti Hilda
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi implementasi program sholat dhuha dalam memperkuat spiritualitas siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 3 Jember. Masih banyak siswa yang belum memahami pentingnya sholat dhuha dan tidak melaksanakannya secara konsisten. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa implementasi program sholat dhuha di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 3 Jember dilakukan secara berjamaah dengan muatan lokal yang memperjelas bacaan, gerakan, dan tata cara sholat dhuha. Siswa yang melaksanakan sholat dhuha secara konsisten menunjukkan peningkatan kecerdasan spiritual, termasuk sifat baik dan akhlakul karimah. Dampak dari program ini adalah meningkatnya kesadaran siswa tentang pentingnya ibadah dan mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT, serta membantu siswa dalam menghadapi tantangan era milenial dengan pondasi spiritual yang kuat.
The Role and Challenges of Teachers in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum
Authors: Noviandari Hanifah
Published: August 2024

This study analyzes the role and challenges of teachers in the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in elementary schools and identifies strategic steps to support the success of this curriculum. Qualitative research methods with the type of literature study are used to collect and analyze data from relevant literature through content analysis methods. The findings of the study show that although the Independent Curriculum offers a more flexible and student-centered approach, its implementation faces significant challenges. These challenges include a lack of in-depth understanding of curriculum concepts, limited resources and facilities, high administrative burdens, cultural challenges, and the need for ongoing support and training. Teachers play the role of facilitators, curriculum developers, evaluators, and agents of change in education. To address these challenges, systematic support from the government and stakeholders and ongoing training for teachers are needed. This study emphasizes the importance of teacher competence in the successful implementation of the Independent Curriculum and provides recommendations to improve the quality of education in Indonesia.
Análisis de patrones de distribución espacial de individuos de Inga thibaudiana y Cedrelinga cateniformis en la región Amazonas – Perú
Authors: Izquierdo Juan E.
Published: August 2024

Diversos autores ponen de manifiesto que, para poder realizar una adecuada gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas forestales, es de vital importancia tener la capacidad de conocer la estructura espacial de los bosques y las modificaciones que le puede ocasionar debido al aprovechamiento forestal para gestionar de manera sostenible los ecosistemas forestales. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron examinar y caracterizar el patrón espacial del tornillo (Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke) y guabilla (Inga thibaudiana DC.), así como analizar su relación con la altitud (m) sobre el nivel del mar, la distancia (m) de los árboles aprovechables hasta un río y la distancia (m) de los árboles aprovechables hasta un árbol semillero. El análisis estadístico se realizó a través de las herramientas del análisis de patrones puntuales espaciales, que proveen un conjunto de métodos para estimar, a partir de la ubicación georreferenciada de las especies, la intensidad de puntos, la función K(r) y L(r), y realizar pruebas de hipótesis del proceso puntual subyacente en el área de estudio. Asimismo, se evaluaron las relaciones con un conjunto de covariables espaciales. Los métodos utilizados muestran un patrón espacial no homogéneo para todos los árboles de tornillo y guabilla presentes en las áreas de estudio, con una clara agregación de puntos a distancias cortas (aproximadamente 15 metros) que resultó significativa en todo el rango estudiado. También, se determinó que la intensidad de guabilla está relacionada con la distancia al semillero, mientras que la distribución del tornillo se asocia con la altitud sobre el nivel del mar y la distancia a los ríos, lo cual pudo apreciarse al menos en una de las cuatro áreas de estudio.
Ailanthone Increases Cisplatin-induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cisplatin Resistance Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells through the
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Di Jinna , Bo Wei , Wang Chun , Liu Chunying
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The effectiveness of therapy is strongly impacted by the resistance
of lung cancer cells to cisplatin. The objective of this research is to characterize
the impact of ailanthone on cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
and examine any potential in vivo and in vitro molecular pathways.

Methods:

Following treatment of A549/DDP cells with ailanthone and cisplatin, cell survival
and apoptosis were measured using flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-
8) assays, respectively. mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection was used to track autophagy,
and protein expression levels were analyzed by western blotting. Hematoxylin
and eosin (H&E) staining was used after the organs of the mice were removed for in
vivo investigations. In A549/DDP cells, ailanthone and cisplatin together induced autophagy
and apoptosis in a dose and time-dependent manner (P< 0.05). After receiving
combined treatment with ailanthone and cisplatin, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-
3, Bcl-2, cleaved PARP, Beclin1L, and C3B-II were considerably elevated by inhibiting
the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Result:

Our findings show that ailanthone, without causing adverse effects in vivo, greatly
suppressed the growth of A549/DDP-grafted tumors and improved the anti-tumor efficaciousness
of cisplatin.

Conclusion:

According to this study, ailanthone may increase sensitivity to cisplatin
and promote autophagy and death in NSCLC A549/DDP cells through the signaling
pathway of PI3K/AKT/mTOR.
GPX4 Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Effect of PARP Inhibitor on Homologous Recombination Proficient Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Gu Jiaxin , Qian Senmi , Qian Fangfang , Wu Xiaodong , Chen Lifeng , Chen Xiaojing , Chen Zhuoye , Song Feifei , Zheng Mengxia , Wang Lingfang , Cheng Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Background:

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are now widely used in BRCA1/2 mutation or homologous recombination (HR) deficiency ovarian cancer but have limited efficacy in HR-proficient patients. GPX4 is a key regulator of ferroptosis and has been proven to be associated with multiple drug sensitivities. As a molecule that regulates the sensitivity of multiple drugs, the relationship between GPX4 and the efficacy of PARPi in HR-proficient ovarian cancer has not been elucidated.

Methods:

In this study, siRNA transfection was used to regulate the expression of GPX4. The effect of GPX4 inhibition on HR-proficient ovarian cancer was determined by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence and comet assays were used to reflect DNA dam-age. ROS production was measured using DCFH-DA and flow cytometry. The combination index of PARP inhibitors and RSL3 was calculated using CompuSyn software based on Chou-Talalay methodology.

Results:

GPX4 inhibition confers HR-proficient ovarian cancer cells sensitive to PARPi due to ROS generation and oxidative stress caused by DNA double-strand breakage. The combina-tion of olaparib and niraparib with GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 also showed a synergistic effect.

Conclusion:

Combining GPX4 inhibition with PARP inhibitors resulted in a notable increase in DNA damage, ultimately causing the death of cancer cells with proficient HR pathways. Our findings may provide new therapeutic options for HR-proficient patients to benefit from PARP inhibitors and improve outcomes.
Mapping Systematic Reviews on the Management of Dental Caries in Primary Teeth: A Meta-Research
Authors: Pascareli-Carlos Aline Maquiné , Marchezini Reis Thaís , Fernandes de Novaes Tatiane , Fernandes Montagner Anelise , Helène van de Sande Françoise , Gimenez Thais , Prócida Raggio Daniela , Kerber Tedesco Tamara
Published: August 2024

Background:

Systematic reviews (SRs) represent the most robust source of evidence for informing decision-making. While there are rigorous protocols for properly conducting SRs, sometimes the methodological biases in the primary studies are accounted for in the conclusions of the SRs.

Objective:

This study aimed to map the evidence regarding the management of caries lesions in primary teeth.

Methods:

Two reviewers conducted a systematic search up to March 2024 in electronic data-bases. Any SR concerning the management of caries lesions in primary teeth was considered eli-gible.

Results:

About 162 SRs were included. Among these, 80 focused on restorative treatments, 64 on endodontic treatments, and 18 on non-invasive treatments. Only 42.6% presented a study registra-tion protocol. The majority (67.9%) performed a meta-analysis, while a minority exclusively car-ried out qualitative data analysis. Despite 92.6% of the SRs evaluating the methodological quality or risk of bias of the primary studies using some tool, only 24% assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach, resulting in classifications ranging from very low to moderate.

Conclusion:

There is a limited adherence to study registration protocols, indicating a need for improvements in this practice. Additionally, among the few SRs that used the GRADE approach, the majority demonstrated levels of very low to moderate certainty.
Investigation of Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel in Water Samples from Al-Muthanna Governorate, Iraq, and Evaluation of The Pollution Indicators
Authors: Al-Hamzawi Anees A. , Kareem Qasim Sttar , Mohaimeed Ameen Alwan , HusseinAmwayshi Israa , Hussien Aseel Ali
Published: August 2024

Background:

The Iraqi environment, especially in the southern region, has been contaminated
as a result of human activities. The detection of heavy metals in water samples is the preferred
method for monitoring the toxic levels, which are very important for environmental protection
and human health.

Methods:

Heavy metal concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) were investigated
in water samples from Al-Muthanna governorate, southern Iraq. The selected water samples
were taken from different sources of tap water and river samples from the Euphrates and collected
from various locations: residential, agricultural, and industrial.

Results:

The mean values of Pb, Cd, and Ni in tap water samples are 3.76, 2.62, and 84.88 μg/L,
respectively, while the corresponding element levels in river water are 11.21, 7.58, and 104.31
μg/L, respectively. Rivers water samples recorded higher levels of toxic metals than tap water samples.
Concentrations of toxic elements in water samples from industrial locations of Al-Muthanna
governorate are higher than in the agricultural and residential places. Toxic metals in water samples
can be arranged in the following sequence: Ni > Pb > Cd.

Conclusion:

The levels of heavy metals in most water samples were above the permissible levels
according to USEPA; therefore, it is recommended that the water samples should be regularly
monitored for heavy metals to prevent the effect of heavy metals contamination in the human food
chain.
A Review of Different Extraction Procedures for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Fruits and Vegetables Using Agree Metric Approaches
Authors: Mehta Ashish , Barik Pallavi , Makhija Rahul , Das Gupta Ghanshyam , Asati Vivek , Sarma Ganti Subrahmanya
Published: August 2024

GAC is one of the crucial emerging platforms in the analytical field focusing on the environmental
impact of various extraction procedures. There are various principles on which GAC is
based, including the use of DESs, a miniaturized platform for extraction, the integration of extraction
steps, operator safety, reducing energy consumption, and minimizing solvent wastage. Pesticide residue
analysis is one of the most important factors affecting food safety and the health of society. Pesticides
were used extensively to improve the production of crops and other food stuff, which is essential
to meet the demands of society. This led to an accumulation of pesticide residues in various
agricultural products, including fruits and vegetables, which are important to be detected and quantified.
Different techniques were employed for extraction or sample preparation prior to detection by
instrumental techniques, including GC, HPLC, and hyphenated techniques. Various software programs
are available online to evaluate the greenness of any developed method, including GAPI,
NEMI, Agree, AMVI, etc. This manuscript describes the impact of various extraction procedures
like SPE, LLE, and TFME on sensitivity and extraction efficiency, along with the greenness evaluation
used in the detection of pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables using Agree software.
The Effect of Attending Major Wards on the Burnout and Boredom of Medical Interns during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Esmaeili Mahdieh , Ahmadi Atefeh , Alinaghi Langari Ahmad , Mayel Masoud
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of attending major
wards on the level of burnout and boredom of medical interns in Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive research on all medical interns at the
Kerman University of Medical Sciences of Iran who entered the major wards for the first time. Demographic
questionnaires, Maslach and Jackson job burnout, and Multidimensional Boredom Scale
(MSBS) were completed at the entrance and after two months. The mean scores (with the Wilcoxon
test) were compared with each other, and their relationship (with Pearson Chi-squared test and Kendall's
tau B) was investigated.

Results:

Investigations showed that emotional exhaustion significantly increased (p < 0.001), but
Depersonalization significantly reduced after 2 months. The mean scores of individual dysfunction
were not obvious (p>0.05). In addition, the fact that the intern is attending which ward (internal, surgery,
or obstetrics and gynecology) did not affect the amount of burnout (p>0.05). The mean of the
boredom scores increased significantly (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

It is necessary to take serious measures to reduce emotional exhaustion in interns, especially
in epidemic or pandemic conditions.
General Principles of Organic Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Bansal Anshul
Published: August 2024

This chapter presents an in-depth examination of the fundamental principles
underlying organic reaction mechanisms, a critical area for understanding and predicting
chemical behavior in organic chemistry. The chapter begins with arrow notations, the symbolic
representation of electron movement in chemical reactions, which provides a visual and
conceptual framework for tracking changes during reactions. The roles of various reagents are
explored, differentiating between electrophiles and nucleophiles based on their electronaccepting and electron-donating characteristics. This distinction is crucial for understanding
how these species interact in different reaction contexts. We categorize and describe the major
types of organic reactions, including substitution, addition, and elimination reactions, each with
unique pathways and outcomes.
Energy considerations are discussed to elucidate the energetic profile of reactions, including
activation energy and reaction intermediates, providing insight into reaction feasibility and
rates. The reaction mechanism section systematically dissects the step-by-step processes by
which reactants transform into products, highlighting the importance of understanding detailed
mechanistic pathways for predicting reaction behavior. Addition reactions are explored,
focusing on how reagents add to unsaturated molecules such as alkenes and alkynes, influencing
the formation of new chemical bonds. Elimination reactions, where elements are removed from
a molecule to form double or triple bonds, are detailed, including mechanisms like E1 and E2.
Hammond’s postulate is introduced as a principle that correlates the structure of transition states
to the intermediates, aiding in the visualization and prediction of reaction dynamics.
Substitution reactions are analyzed, distinguishing between nucleophilic and electrophilic
substitutions, and their respective mechanisms (e.g., SN
1
and SN
2
).
This comprehensive chapter equips readers with a thorough understanding of the principles and
mechanisms that govern organic reactions, serving as a foundational guide for advanced studies
and practical applications in organic chemistry.
Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds-II
Authors: Bansal Anshul
Published: August 2024

This chapter continues the exploration of stereochemistry in organic compounds,
focusing on detailed methods for describing and differentiating the spatial arrangement of atoms
within molecules. It begins with absolute configuration, which provides a precise description of the
spatial arrangement of atoms around a chiral center, independent of other molecules.
Relative configuration is then discussed, explaining how the arrangement of atoms in one chiral
molecule relates to another, often determined through chemical interconversion. The D-L system, a
traditional method for denoting configurations based on the molecule’s relationship to
glyceraldehyde, is introduced for historical context and specific applications.
The R-S system, the modern and widely used method for assigning absolute configuration based on
the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules, is detailed, providing a systematic approach for designating
chiral centers. Geometrical isomerism is explored next, focusing on compounds with restricted
rotation around double bonds or ring structures, resulting in distinct cis-trans configurations.
The E-Z system, an advanced method for designating geometrical isomers based on the CahnIngold-Prelog priority rules, is introduced, offering a more precise description for complex
molecules. Conformational isomerism, which arises from the rotation around single bonds, is then
examined, highlighting its significance in the dynamic behavior of molecules.
Various conformations, particularly those of cycloalkanes and acyclic compounds, are analyzed,
discussing the energy differences and interconversions between different conformers. Special
attention is given to the impact of conformational isomerism on chemical reactivity and physical
properties.
This chapter provides a deep understanding of the nomenclature and principles used to describe the
three-dimensional arrangements of atoms in organic molecules, building on the foundations laid in
the previous chapter. Mastery of these concepts prepares readers to analyze and predict the behavior
of complex organic systems, essential for advanced studies and practical applications in organic
chemistry.
Pollution control strategy on the Boyolali Gandul River borderline
Authors: Wibowo Setyo Ari , Komariah Komariah , Budiastuti Sri , Iraguha Fidele
Published: August 2024

River borders are green belts that should be free from permanent, non-permanent or semi-permanent buildings. However, people still use many river borders to build houses. Gandul River is one of the rivers with borderland use that violates regulations. This research aims to analyze the quality of polluting elements and SWOT analysis for strategies for controlling pollution. The research was carried out using a mixed methods approach in the form of quantitative and descriptive. Descriptive research analyzing water quality as an abiotic element was assessed using water quality parameters (temperature, TDS, TSS, pH, total coliform, and DO) and a qualitative culture analysis will be carried out using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) on 60 respondents who live in Gandul River border as the main respondent. The polluting elements in the Gandul River are coliforms that reached >16,000 during 2021-2023. Strategies in efforts to control buildings on the Gandul River border include firm action to implement government and regional regulations, providing education, and assisting the community with relocation efforts. Land use on the Gan-dul River border causes an increase in the total coliform value so efforts are needed to relocate.
ANALISIS DPK, SUKU BUNGA, PENDAPATAN TERHADAP KREDIT MODAL KERJA PERBANKAN MASA PANDEMI
Authors: Oktaviana Nurdiana Kholida
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the amount of Third Party Funds, Interest Rates and Income on Working Capital Loans at Commercial Banks During the COVID-19 Pandemic, both partially and simultaneously. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from annual data from Bank Indonesia Kediri during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2021. The data analysis used is a regression analysis model with the F Test and T Test methods. The results of this study indicate that the Third Party Funds, interest rate and income variables simultaneously have a significant effect, and partially the Income variable does not have an significant effect on working capital loans at Banks General during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kediri City.
PENGARUH JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR, SUKU BUNGA DAN NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP TINGKAT INFLASI DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN ANALISIS JALUR PERIODE 2010Q1 – 2020Q4
Authors: Herania Elisabeth , Maski Ghozali
Published: August 2024

Monetary policy is one of the important components in an economic system whose conditions are always uncertain. One of the most important objectives of monetary policy is to maintain price stability for goods and services. Price volatility, which is manifested as inflation, can have a bad long-term impact on the national economy if it is not controlled properly. Therefore, it is important to control inflation to maintain a healthy economic climate. A low and stable inflation rate is important for long-term economic growth. Monetary policy instruments that can maintain price stability include the money supply, interest rates and exchange rates. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of JUB, interest rates and exchange rates on the inflation rate through path analysis method. Path analysis method is used to see the direct and indirect effect of the money supply on inflation through interest rates and exchange rates as intervening variables. The results showed that the money supply and exchange rate directly did not have a significant effect on the inflation rate. Meanwhile, interest rates have a significant direct effect on inflation. Indirectly, only interest rates have a role in mediating the relationship between the money supply and the inflation rate.
 
Keywords: monetary policy; inflation; money supply; interest rate; exchange rate; path analysis
PENGARUH FAKTOR MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP TINGKAT KREDIT BANK SERTA IMPLIKASINYA PADA KESEHATAN PERBANKAN
Authors: Purba Agnes Sheryta Anastasya , Sakti Rachmad Kresna
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Interest Rates, Rupiah Exchange Rates, and Total Exports on Bank Credit Levels and their Implications on Banking Health from 2013 - 2020, where the crucial role of credit in the banking world is in the midst of fluctuating macroeconomic factors as the basis for problems that exist at the time. research is done. This study uses the Simultaneous Method to analyze whether there is an influence of Macroeconomic Factors as the dependent variable on the Credit Level and Banking Health as independent variables. From this research, it is known that market power at interest rates, rupiah exchange rates, and low exports can increase bank credit levels, while the market power of large banks is higher than that of small banks. The results also show that large banks have higher levels of bank credit. This result also supports the health of banks, the higher the level of bank credit, the health of the bank will be more stable or even better.
PENGARUH JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR, NILAI TUKAR, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, DAN INDEKS HARGA PERDAGANGAN BESAR TERHADAP EKSPOR INDONESIA TAHUN 2009-2021
Authors: Radifan Fadhil , Saputra Putu Mahardika Adi
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of the money supply, exchange rate, foreign direct investment and wholesale trade price index on exports in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach. The method used is Error Correction Model (ECM). The data obtained are secondary data published by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) in the form of money supply, the wholesale and export price index, the Ministry of Trade in the form of exchange rates and the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) in the form of foreign direct investment. The results of this study indicate that the money supply has a positive and significant effect on Indonesian exports in the short and long term. Meanwhile, the exchange rate and foreign direct investment have a negative and significant impact on Indonesia's exports in the short and long term. Also, the wholesale price index has a positive and significant impact on Indonesian exports in the short term.
PENGARUH DELIVERY CHANNEL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dita Saragih Gabriella Johana , Wahyudi Setyo Tri
Published: August 2024

Financial Performance is a key indicator for banks in evaluating and identifying the role of financial ratio in supporting their operational performance development. The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of delivery channel, firm size, and liquidity on banks’ financial performance using panel data regression analysis. This study finds that delivery channel does not influence Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and Return on Assets (ROA), but it affects Return on Equity (ROE) and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR). Then, firm size affects all ratios that are used as the proxy of financial performance, while liquidity does not influence them. Furthermore, delivery channel, firm size, and liquidity simultaneously affect the financial performance of Indonesian banks. This research can be used by banks as a foundation to evaluate their future financial performance and to inform the public about their revenues from delivery channel transactions with their customers. In addition, it can be used by the public to support banks’ financial performance through the use of their financial products and services and by the government to make correct decisions for their policies.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT PENGGUNAAN FINTECH SEBAGAI ALAT PEMBAYARAN DIGITAL
Authors: Putu Emy Trimisyantari Putri  , Hascaryani Tyas Danarti
Published: August 2024

The growth of the fintech ecosystem in Indonesia has been rapidly increasing in the past five years, until Q2 2020 362 fintech companies are members of the Indonesian Fintech Association (AFTECH). The increase in the adoption of fintech by the public can also be seen from the increase in the value of digital payment transactions by 122,89% from 2017 to 2021. The community began to turn into a cashless society during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research aims to determine the effect of variables from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and consumer knowledge on the interest in transacting using e-wallets. This study uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression method. Data were obtained through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents from generation X and 96 respondents from generation Z who had transacted using e-wallets and lived in Denpasar City. Statistical tests were carried out using the help of SPSS software version 26. The results showed that the variable perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and consumer knowledge partially and simultaneously proved to have a positive and significant influence on the intention to transact using e-wallets as a digital payment in both generation X and generation Z.