bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limites da feminilidade na Eneida de Virgílio
Authors: Adriano Maria Helena Felicio , Queriquelli Luiz Henrique Milani
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho busca verificar e desdobrar a tese de que as personagens femininas da Eneida que extrapolam os limites desejáveis para o protótipo de uma romana ideal acabam malfadadas. Para tanto, em um primeiro momento, recupera no texto virgiliano a caracterização das personagens Cassandra, Pentesileia, Creúsa, Andrômaca, Dido, Sibila, Camila, Lavínia, Amata, Juturna, Juno, Vênus e Deiopeia. Em seguida, analisa, a partir da caracterização feita, se essas personagens: se enquadram no protótipo esperado; assumem virtudes reservadas apenas aos homens; apresentam vícios tipicamente atribuídos às mulheres; e acabam malfadadas ou não. As principais conclusões indicam que: (1) as personagens femininas na Eneida podem ter um destino ruim tanto por extrapolar os limites da feminilidade e invadir os domínios dos homens quanto por causa de vícios tipicamente atribuídos às mulheres; (2) invariavelmente, o retrato de todas as personagens femininas apresenta vícios tipicamente atribuídos às mulheres, o que indica que as mulheres, no ideário antigo representado pela Eneida, são essencialmente viciosas ou problemáticas; (3) as principais personagens divinas se assemelham às aristocratas romanas, isto é, as deusas agem como as aristocratas agiam na visão dos homens: são fúteis, vaidosas e avarentas e governam nos bastidores, na base de moeda sexual, intrigas, maquinaria e chantagem.
Filantropia corporativa a serviço do capital: uma visão histórico-crítica do fomento da Fundação Ford à produção feminista acadêmica brasileira (1978-1998)
Authors: Miranda Karolliny Joally das Neves , Cordão Michelly Pereira de Sousa
Published: February 2022

No contexto da Guerra Fria (1945-1991), as instituições filantrópicas privadas exerceram um papel determinante no fortalecimento da hegemonia estadunidense. Aqui no Brasil, a instituição que mais atuou nesse sentido foi a Fundação Ford (FF). Entre as inúmeras ações estratégicas empreendidas por esta instituição, destaca-se o apoio financeiro dado por ela à produção feminista acadêmica em nosso país. Dito isso, o presente artigo busca problematizar, através de uma postura histórico-crítica, esse engajamento da FF no avanço da produção feminista acadêmica brasileira, destacando os interesses por trás dessa intervenção. Através da exposição de três exemplos histórico-concretos – sua parceria com a Fundação Carlos Chagas e seu apoio ao jornal Mulherio e à Revista Estudos Feministas – busca-se, também, demonstrar o papel determinante exercido pela FF na institucionalização dos estudos feministas em nosso país. O artigo tem como base de pesquisa material de cunho bibliográfico, que se trata de uma metodologia já bastante empregada nos processos de construção de conhecimento científico.
Latin American Communication Monitor
Authors: Athaydes Andréia Silveira , Monsalve Ana Maria Suárez
Published: February 2022

Com os resultados do Latin American Communication Monitor 2014-2015 e 2016-2017, são comparadas as tendências em comunicação estratégica indicadas pelos profissionais participantes do estudo em ambas edições. Na primeira, foram considerados 803 questionários e, na segunda, 912 participantes. Entre algumas das conclusões apresentadas neste artigo está a comunicação digital, a crescente automatização das relações públicas mediante algoritmos, além do interesse por incorporar-se ao debate sobre as novas tecnologias nas estratégias de comunicação.
Entendiendo la comunicación en la organización a través de 10 revistas latinoamericanas
Authors: Orjuela Sandra
Published: February 2022

Se presenta un compendio de la investigación realizada como tesis doctoral acerca del abordaje y relevancia que las revistas latinoamericanas seleccionadas han realizado de la comunicación y organización, describiendo los autores que más han escrito así como los referentes y obras más citadas para continuar con las temáticas y contenidos más abordados en los artículos analizados. Se comparan los hallazgos de la tesis (2006-2011), con un posterior análisis realizado en 2018.
Voces reconocidas en Comunicación Organizacional en de América Latina
Authors: Organicom Revista
Published: February 2022

Conversatorio realizado en el marco del 1er encuentro Escuchando nuestras voces: perspectivas latinoamericanas en Comunicación Organizacional, 28 de julio de 2018, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica. Entrevistadora: Griselda Guillén Ojeda (Escuela de Ingeniería y Negocios – Universidad Autónoma de Baja California).
Biblioteca Pública entre a heterotopia e utopia
Authors: Achilles Daniele , Bernardo Hugo da Costa
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objeto a biblioteca pública, compreendida como instituição social, cultural e de memória. A partir da leitura de que, enquanto continua a distância entre a literatura do campo e da realidade sobre a qual ela se sustenta, este aparato institucional se mantém em crise, propomos uma releitura de suas bases conceituais. A investigação se classifica como teórica porque articula aspectos constitutivos da definição biblioteca pública, tais como sua missão, valor e funções, com suas potencias e poderes, colocando em questionamento conceitos correntes, a valorização comum e a utilidade efetiva dessa instituição. Para realizar tal recorrido, se optou por investigar o conceito “heterotopia” apresentado por Foucault (2013) em sua conferência homônima, para atualizar a noção de biblioteca como um espaço heterotópico, “espaço outro”, e defender a noção de biblioteca pública a partir dessa perspectiva. O uso desse aparato conceitual nos fornece ferramentas necessárias tanto para analisar a experiência da biblioteca pública, como para evidenciar a diferença entre a perspectiva utópica (e de “corpos utópicos”) e a perspectiva heterotópica tomada sobre essa instituição, como também para contribuir para a atualização da literatura acadêmica em Biblioteconomia Pública.
Leitura Menor
Authors: Mostafa Solange Puntel
Published: February 2022

Três abordagens sobre o processo de leitura são apresentados: abordagem psicanalítica, abordagem fenomenológica e por último a esquizoanálise.  Apresenta a criação do conceito filosófico ‘leitura menor’ mencionando tentativas anteriores de entender a leitura e a leitura em grupo (bibliometria) fora dos quadros da psicanálise e da fenomenologia hermenêutica. O processo de leitura visto pela psicanálise compreende a leitura como um processo catártico, acrescido de outras categorias psicanalíticas como introspeção ou projeção. Contrapondo-se à psicanálise surge a fenomenologia hermenêutica da estética da recepção, sendo ambas as abordagens populares no Brasil em várias áreas que tratam da leitura, como Letras, Psicologia ou Biblioteconomia. Enfatiza-se nesta reflexão a terceira abordagem trazida pela Filosofia da Diferença de Gilles Deleuze como mais uma opção a ser contemplada pelos estudiosos do tema.
Bibliotecas no mundo antigo
Authors: Terra Marcos Vinícius Santos de Carvalho
Published: February 2022

Resenha de: 

CASSON, Lionel. Bibliotecas no mundo antigo. São Paulo: Vestígio, 2018.
Capitu, Lucíola e Isaura
Authors: Silva Júnior João Santos da
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem caráter analítico das obras de Machado de Assis “ Dom Casmurro”, Bernardo Guimarães “A escrava Isaura” e José de Alencar com “ Lucíola”. O texto discorre acerca da construção feminina dentro da literatura brasileira do século XIX, buscando elencar as performances que trazem a traves da criação das personagens tendência de revolução da mulher dentro da sociedade tendo como base a imaginação com uma intrínseca relação com a realidade. Nesse sentido questiona-se o feminismo presente nas personagens femininas das obras, possuidoras de anseios e perspectivas. Com um aporte teórico construindo as relações entre a literatura e os movimentos feministas surgidos no século XVIII na França, e posteriormente a criação da literatura romântica no Brasil na terceira década do século XIX. Na segunda parte é feita uma análise de cada obra buscando em cada personagem o protagonismo frente a crítica social, subvertendo-se as imposições do século e da sociedade.
Eisenstein multimídia: uma transposição de meios
Authors: Ueda Cauê , Scavone Fernando , Moraes Maria Fernanda Riscali de Lima
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa a transposição do primeiro livro escrito por Arlindo Machado, Eisenstein: geometria do êxtase (1982) para o formato de CD-ROM, explorando os recursos das mídias digitais a partir de elementos estéticos derivados do Construtivismo Russo e demais elementos de linguagem do cinema de Sergei Eisenstein. O desdobramento desse trabalho de pesquisa de Arlindo, realizado em pesquisa colaborativa, pode ampliar os caminhos na busca por novas tecnologias.
Interiores: Wavelength (1967) e The living room (2000), de Michael Snow
Authors: Oliveira Junior Luiz Carlos
Published: February 2022

O artigo se debruça sobre o cinema de Michael Snow com foco no filme The living room (A sala de estar, 2000), realizado num período em que o cineasta utilizava tecnologias digitais de forma experimental e lúdica. A análise será guiada pelo método comparativo, cotejando o filme com trabalhos anteriores de Snow, sobretudo Wavelength (Comprimento de onda, 1967), marco do cinema estrutural, e com obras tanto de outros cineastas (Georges Méliès e Alfred Hitchcock) quanto de artistas visuais que trabalharam com mídias diferentes, como pintura e colagem. Verificaremos a hipótese de os filmes de Snow analisados representarem um regime escópico contemporâneo a que chamaremos, na esteira de Pascal Bonitzer, “perspectiva telescópica”, no intuito de demonstrar que a obra do cineasta extrapola o quadro de referências que lhe é usualmente atribuído e se reporta a uma crise da experiência perceptiva já colocada desde a modernidade visual do século XIX.
A reviravolta estética do Brasil: de nação emergente a pária internacional
Authors: Malanski Daniel
Published: February 2022

Ao longo das últimas décadas, o Brasil havia construído a imagem de uma nação emergente e progressista que passava, pouco a pouco, a exercer papel de liderança dentro do cenário político internacional. Neste artigo, efetuamos uma análise de conteúdo das cerimônias dos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio – realizadas em 2012 e em 2016 – revelando suas referências fragmentárias e mitos políticos. Em seguida, as comparamos com o posicionamento do atual governo com relação ao ambientalismo, ao multiculturalismo e à tolerância social. Desta maneira, ficou evidente que as representações do Brasil e dos brasileiros, expostas internacionalmente durante o governo Rousseff através das cerimônias olímpicas, diferem profundamente da imagem que o governo Bolsonaro buscou dar ao país a partir dos últimos anos da década de 2010. Apesar dos esforços de consecutivas administrações – sobretudo após a redemocratização, na década de 1980 – para transmitir a imagem de um Brasil emergente e progressista, crises políticas, a recessão econômica e, sobretudo, a vitória de um regime reacionário e antiambientalista nas eleições de 2018 colocaram em xeque tal narrativa nacional romantizada, revelando – internacionalmente e domesticamente – um país de contrastes, em que campos opostos competem pela nação como espaço sociopolítico e objeto simbólico.
Arlindo Machado: um percurso extraordinário
Authors: Xavier Ismail
Published: February 2022

O artigo percorre os variados interesses e competências de Arlindo Machado, demonstrando sua notável amplitude de conhecimentos e rara sensibilidade, analisando questões que envolvem a reflexão teórico-conceitual nas disciplinas conexas da comunicação midiática e das artes. Essa reflexão é balizada pela análise de obras pertencentes a campos que se inserem em variadas tradições e que compõem um rico conjunto de criações: filmes, fotografias, vídeos, instalações de artistas visuais apoiadas em distintos suportes, não faltando momentos de consideração de obras literárias – poesia e romance – e momentos de incursão no terreno da música, erudita e popular. Arlindo Machado foi um criador de caminhos, o que foi possível graças a esse percurso de inovações observadas na imensa obra que nos deixou como legado.
Quando a festa é rito: uma apreensão dos sentidos em uma roda de samba no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Grillo Barbara
Published: February 2022

Recentemente, uma vasta literatura tem se empenhado em delinear festas populares, como as rodas de samba, por meio de seus aspectos performáticos e rituais. Os resultados apresentados são derivados de uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico realizada entre os anos de 2017 e 2018 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Nesse artigo, busco esmiuçar esses aspectos já caros aos estudos socio-antropológicos recorrendo aos sentidos como ferramentas analíticas, operacionalizando-as a fim de formular uma análise ritual de rodas de samba organizadas por grupos inteiramente femininos. Nesse sentido, partiremos de uma compreensão da significação simbólica do tempo e do espaço por meio de uma aproximação de sentidos, como a visão, o olfato e a audição.
Avaliação da microinfiltração de selante oclusal em esmalte de dentes decíduos: efeito de diferentes técnicas de aplicação
Authors: Romão Dayse Andrade , Silva Marcos Aurélio Bomfim da , Fragoso Larissa Silveira de Mendonça , Velo Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos , Santos Fernanda Regina Ribeiro , Santos Natanael Barbosa dos
Published: February 2022

Objetivos: Considerando que os dentes decíduos são mais propensos ao desenvolvimento de cárie dentária, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito de diferentes técnicas de aplicação de selante de fóssulas e fissuras, isoladas ou associadas, na microinfiltração de esmalte em molares de dentes decíduos. Materiais e métodos: dentes molares decíduos foram sele­cionados (n = 8) e receberam os seguintes tratamentos: 1) grupo controle: condicionamento ácido + selante; 2) ar abrasivo + condicionamento ácido + selante; 3) condicionamento ácido + adesivo + selante; 4) ar abrasivo + condicionamento ácido + adesivo + selante. Após o tratamento, os dentes foram imersos em água destilada a 37 °C por sete dias e então submetidos a termociclagem de 350 ciclos de banhos de água fria (5 °C) e quente (55 °C), com 30 segundos cada exposição. Posterior­mente, os dentes foram cobertos com um verniz – deixando exposta apenas a área selada, estendida por 1 mm –, imperme­abilizados com resina epóxica e imersos em solução de azul de metileno por 48 horas a 37 °C. Em seguida, os dentes foram seccionados vestíbulo-lingualmente e avaliados microscopicamente (aumento de 40×). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Mann-Whitney (p < 0,05). Resultados: os grupos que receberam o adesivo antes da apli­cação do selante apresentaram o menor índice de microinfiltração. O grupo que recebeu ar abrasivo mais condicionamento ácido antes do selante mostrou microinfiltração mais extensa. Conclusões: nenhuma das técnicas utilizadas evitou comple­tamente a microinfiltração, entretanto a aplicação de adesivo pode ser a mais indicada.
Effect of gaseous hydrochloric acid on human and bovine enamel
Authors: Derceli Juliana dos Reis , Faraoni Juliana Jendiroba , Dias Pâmella Coelho , Matos Laís Lopes Machado de , Palma-Dibb Regina Guenka
Published: February 2022

Objective: To evaluate the action of gaseous hydrochloric acid on human and bovine enamel and compare the demineralization pattern of these substrates exposed to the gaseous erosive agent. Methods: Eight bovine enamel and eight human enamel specimens were obtained (4 × 4 × 2 mm), half surface was protected with composite resin and the other half was exposed to gaseous hydrochloric acid (gHCl), pH 2 at 37 °C, for 3 min, 8 times a day, for 12 days, and in intervals the specimens were maintained in artificial saliva. The specimens were analyzed according to wear profile, surface roughness and microhardness (before and after acid exposition). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: Data showed no significant difference between bovine and human enamel for all properties analyzed – microhardness (98.1 ± 5.2, 96.9 ± 4.8), wear profile (11.5 ± 2.8, 11.4 ± 3.6) and roughness (2.6 ± 0.3, 3.3 ± 0.3), respectively. In images, we observed that gHCl could cause enamel erosion in both groups. Conclusion: Gaseous hydrochloric acid causes similar enamel erosion on bovine and humans.
A antipelícula como marco epistemológico dos processos criativos cinematográficos
Authors: Ramé Jes´us , Hafter Lea , Cucinotta Caterina
Published: February 2022

Editorial do dossiê 45: Crítica genética e cinema: uma abordagem aos processos de criação.
Audiovideonota: o audiovisual como registro de um processo de criação em percurso
Authors: Silva Daniel Rojas da
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contextualizar a metodologia abordada na documentação de processo criativo de uma obra audiovisual. Baseados na metodologia de pesquisa autoetnográfica, observamos os registros audiovisuais captados como documentos de processo da criação específica. Relacionamos esta forma de registro ao modo fílmico dos filmes-diários, atentando à obra do cineasta Jonas Mekas, mais especificamente a seu curta ‘Song of Avignon’ (1998) e como seus filmes retratam e comprovam sua vida e seus processos.  A partir de Lúcia Gouvea Pimentel refletimos sobre a criação em arte como possibilidade metodológica de pesquisa e com Cecília Salles referenciamos o processo de criação relatado e seus dispositivos às características comuns a tal instância da criação, assim caracterizando a pesquisa como estudo de caso do método escolhido como meio de registro.
El trabajo del cuerpo en la representación del cine documental
Authors: Meseguer Alfonso Palazón
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo aborda la relación que el cuerpo tiene con el cine documental. Se ha buscado una definición coherente para enlazar ese término con el cine de no ficción y se han desarrollado, a partir de esa descripción, una serie de cuestiones relacionadas con su representación y su clasificación. Se ha tratado de incorporar, al final del escrito, una breve tipología de casos en los que el cuerpo puede trabajar dentro del cine documental. Todo ello con el propósito de iniciar un diálogo entre el uso del cuerpo y su representación dentro de un formato que alude a su vinculación con la realidad.
Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists in Older Patients in Routine Clinical Care With or Without History of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases or Heart Failure
Authors: Htoo Phyo T. , Buse John , Cavender Matthew , Wang Tiansheng , Pate Virginia , Edwards Jess , Stürmer Til
Published: February 2022

Background

Randomized trials demonstrate the cardioprotective effects of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA). We evaluated their relative cardiovascular effectiveness in routine care populations with a broad spectrum of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or heart failure (HF).

Methods and Results

We identified Medicare beneficiaries from 2013 to 2017, aged >65 years, initiating SGLT2i (n=24 747) or GLP‐1RA (n=22 596) after a 1‐year baseline. On the basis of diagnoses during baseline, we classified patients into: (1) no HF or CVD, (2) HF but no CVD, (3) no HF but CVD, and (4) both HF and CVD. We identified hospitalized HF and atherosclerotic CVD outcomes from drug initiation until treatment changes, death, or disenrollment. We estimated propensity score–weighted 2‐year risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences, accounting for measured confounding, informative censoring, and competing risk. In patients with no CVD or HF, SGLT2i reduced the hospitalized HF risk compared with GLP‐1RA (propensity score–weighted RR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.96). The association was strongest in those who had HF but no CVD (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25–0.85). The combined myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality outcome risk was slightly higher for SGLT2i compared with GLP‐1RA in those without CVD or HF (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09–1.56). The association was favorable toward SGLT2i in subgroups with a history of HF.

Conclusions

SGLT2i reduced the cardiovascular risk versus GLP‐1RA in patients with a history of HF but no CVD. Atherosclerotic CVD events were less frequent with GLP‐1RA in those without prior CVD or HF.
Association of Physical Activity and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Jung Mi‐Hyang , Yi Sang‐Wook , An Sang Joon , Youn Kwan‐Hyun , Yi Jee‐Jeon , Han Seongwoo , Ihm Sang‐Hyun , Jung Hae Ok , Youn Ho‐Joong , Ryu Kyu‐Hyung
Published: February 2022

Background

To investigate the dose‐response association between physical activity and lower respiratory tract infection (
LoRI
) outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

Using the Korean National Health Insurance data, we identified individuals aged 18 to 99 years (mean age, 62.6±11.3 years; women, 49.6%) with cardiovascular disease who participated in health screening from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2012 (n=1 048 502), and were followed up until 2018 for mortality and until 2019 for hospitalization. Amount of physical activity was assessed using self‐reported questionnaires and categorized into 5 groups: 0 (completely sedentary), <500, 500 to 999, 1000 to 1499, and ≥1500 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk. After controlling for various confounders, adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 1.00 (reference), 0.74 (0.70–0.78), 0.66 (0.62–0.70), 0.52 (0.47–0.57), and 0.54 (0.49–0.60) for LoRI mortality, and 1.00 (reference), 0.84 (0.83–0.85), 0.77 (0.76–0.79), 0.72 (0.70–0.73), and 0.71 (0.69–0.73) for LoRI hospitalization among those engaging in physical activity of 0, <500, 500 to 999, 1000 to 1499, and ≥1500 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk, respectively. Assuming linear association between 0 and 2000 metabolic equivalents of task min/wk, each 500–metabolic equivalents of task min/wk increase of physical activity was associated with reduced LoRI mortality and hospitalization by 22% and 13%, respectively. The negative association was stronger in the older population than in the younger population (
P
for interaction <0.01).

Conclusions

In patients with cardiovascular disease, engaging in even a low level of physical activity was associated with a decreased risk of mortality and hospitalization from LoRI than being completely sedentary, and incremental risk reduction was observed with increased physical activity.
Redescriptions of two parasitic copepod species from the rudis rattail, Coryphaenoides rudis (Pisces, Macrouridae) from Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yu-Rong , Liu Wei-Cheng , Chiang Wei-Chuan , Ho Hsuan-Ching , Chang Chih-Wei
Published: February 2022

Two parasitic copepods, Lateracanthus quadripedis Kabata & Gusev, 1966 and Parabrachiella annulata (Markevich, 1940) (Lernaeopodidae), were found on a deep-sea rudis rattail, Coryphaenoides rudis Günther, 1878 (Macrouridae) collected from the Xingang fishing port in Chenggong Town, Taitung County, in south-eastern Taiwan. Lateracanthus quadripedis was found attached to the walls of the branchial cavity of the fish, whereas P. annulata was collected from the body surface. This paper also provides a full description of these two copepod species to elucidate possible geographical variations in their morphology. Remarkably, our specimens of both copepods are more similar to those from the Galápagos Islands than to those from the Aleutian-Deep or Japan.
First record of Abludomelita klitinii (Amphipoda, Melitidae) from Japan
Authors: Tomikawa Ko , Sonoda Takeshi
Published: February 2022

Abludomelita klitinii Labay, 2016, which was originally described from the southwestern shelf of Sakhalin Island, was for the first time found in Japan. The Japanese population differs from the original description by the setation of the maxillae 1 and 2. A key to the Japanese species of Abludomelita is provided.
Tropiąc fakty. "Parweniusz z rodowodem" Jarosława Górskiego
Authors: Karwacka-Pastor Dorota
Published: February 2022

Tracing Facts: Parweniusz z rodowodem [A Parvenu with a Pedigree] by Jarosław GórskiParweniusz z rodowodem [A Parvenu with a Pedigree] is a biography of Tadeusz Dołęga-Mostowicz, the most popular Polish writer of the interwar period. Jarosław Górski deals with the black legend of the writer, rumours and sensational hearsay about his life, which has been spread for years and which, as the biographer proves, has not been confirmed by facts. Górski carries out a thorough verification of vast source material and shows the writer’s figure in a new, surprising way. His study provides a fresh insight not only into Mostowicz’s life, but also into his art. Tropiąc fakty. Parweniusz z rodowodem Jarosława GórskiegoParweniusz z rodowodem to biografia najpopularniejszego pisarza dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, Tadeusza Dołęgi-Mostowicza. Jarosław Górski rozprawia się z czarną legendą pisarza, z plotkami i sensacyjnymi pogłoskami krążącymi latami na temat życia Mostowicza, które – jak udowadnia biograf – nie miały potwierdzenia w faktach. Górski dogłębnie weryfikuje ogromny materiał źródłowy i ukazuje postać pisarza w nowy, zaskakujący sposób. Jest to świeże spojrzenie nie tylko na życie, ale i twórczość Mostowicza.
Space–Time Variability of Summer Hydroclimate in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region
Authors: Abel Benjamin D. , Rajagopalan Balaji , Ray Andrea J.
Published: February 2022

The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) experiences considerable space–time variability in temperature and precipitation, and this variability is expected to increase. The PPR is sensitive to this variability—it plays a large role in the water availability of the region. Thousands of wetlands in the region, sometimes containing ponds, provide habitats and breeding grounds for various species. Many wildlife management decisions are planned and executed on subseasonal-to-seasonal time scales and would benefit from knowledge of seasonal conditions at longer lead times. Therefore, it is important to understand potential driving mechanisms and teleconnections behind space–time climate variability in the PPR. We performed principal component analysis on summer precipitation of the southeastern PPR (SEPPR) to determine the leading principal components (PCs) of variability. These PCs were used to establish teleconnections to large-scale climate variables and indices. They were also used to determine potential mechanisms driving the precipitation variability. There were teleconnections to Pacific and Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) resembling the Pacific decadal oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation, low 500-hPa heights over the western United States, and the Palmer drought severity index over the SEPPR. A large-scale low pressure region over the northwestern United States and a pattern like the Great Plains low-level jet, observed in the 500- and 850-hPa heights and winds, are a potential mechanism of the precipitation variability by increasing precipitation during wet PC1 years. These findings can inform management actions to maintain and restore wildlife habitat and the resources used for those actions in the PPR.
Is urbanisation in the Global South fundamentally different? Comparative global urban analysis for the 21st century
Authors: Randolph Gregory F , Storper Michael
Published: February 2022

A vigorous debate has emerged in recent years over how to understand cities of the Global South. A pivotal issue in this debate is whether urbanisation processes in the South are so fundamentally different from historical and current urbanisation in the Global North that many of the theories developed from studying the latter have limited utility in application to the former. In this article, we review evidence from a range of disciplines on recent and ongoing urban transitions and urbanisation dynamics in the Global South, attending to features that distinguish the urban South from the urban North. Our reading of the evidence indicates that parts of the Global South may be urbanising along historically and geographically specific trajectories; however, we argue that these differences are best understood through a unified set of global urban theories. Rather than flattening or silencing difference, theories that seek generalisation across time and space sharpen the identification and appreciation of key differences in urbanisation processes. Analysing how the fundamental dynamics of urbanisation recombine and interact with one another in different contexts offers insight into policy challenges that cut across cities, both within and between the Global South and North, as well as context-specific policy issues that arise through the interaction of global urbanisation forces and local specificities.
Talking about people who are not there: Children’s early references to absent caregivers and absent friends
Authors: Zhang Yi , Harris Paul L.
Published: February 2022

Research on the development of children’s decontextualized language has focused primarily on their references to events displaced in time. Here, we examine children’s early emerging ability to talk about individuals who are elsewhere and therefore not participating in the conversation. We analyzed the references made by three Mandarin-speaking children aged 20–40 months to absent members of their social network. Even in the earliest period of the study (20–26 months), children produced a considerable number of such references, with the majority initiated either fully or partially by the children themselves. Thus, children were not simply echoing references made by their interlocutors. These early references often expressed attachment-related concerns with respect to absent family members. For example, children expressed a desire for the absent family member, called out their name, or asked about their location. Over time, however, they talked about absent individuals, including family members, in a more neutral or reflective fashion, commenting on their characteristics and activities. The findings highlight the early emergence of references that are displaced in space from the utterance context.
Radiological Analysis of the Facial Recess: Impact on Posterior Tympanotomy Difficulty During Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Elzayat Saad , Mandour Mahmoud , Elfarargy Haitham H. , Lotfy Rasha , Soltan Islam , Lotfy Ashraf , Margani Valerio , Covelli Edoardo , Monini Simonetta , Barbara Maurizio
Published: February 2022

Objectives

We analyzed several radiological features of the facial recess to correlate them with the intraoperative findings to highlight the most reliable predictors of posterior tympanotomy difficulty.

Study Design

Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting

Multicenter study at tertiary referral institutions.

Methods

We included 184 pediatric patients who underwent cochlear implantation through the posterior tympanotomy approach. The correlation was attempted between 8 radiological features in the preoperative high‐resolution computed tomography scan and intraoperative surgical difficulty.

Results

Posterior tympanotomy was straightforward in 136 (73.9%) patients. In contrast, it was challenging in 48 (26.1%) patients. The facial recess was aerated in 74.5% of patients. The mean (SD) posterior tympanotomy depth was 3.98 (0.867) mm. The mean (SD) chorda‐facial angle was 27.67° (3.406°). The mean (SD) chorda‐facial to stylomastoid length was 3.898 (0.6304) mm. The mean (SD) facial nerve second genu angle was 94.54° (6.631)°. Deep‐unaerated facial recess wall was associated with the most difficulty. There was a statistically significant difference in the unchallenging and challenging posterior tympanotomy groups regarding the surgical duration (P <. 0001).

Conclusions

According to this analytic study, the chorda‐facial angle, the facial recess aeration, and the chorda‐facial to stylomastoid length were respectively the strongest preoperative radiological predictors of the surgical difficulty of posterior tympanotomy during cochlear implantation. Chorda‐facial angle <25.5° was associated with difficult posterior tympanotomy. The oblique parasagittal cut was essential for the radiological analysis of the facial recess.
Alternatives to animal models and their application in the discovery of species susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infectious pathogens: A review
Authors: Runft Sandra , Färber Iris , Krüger Johannes , Krüger Nadine , Armando Federico , Rocha Cheila , Pöhlmann Stefan , Burigk Laura , Leitzen Eva , Ciurkiewicz Malgorzata , Braun Armin , Schneider Daniel , Baumgärtner Lars , Freisleben Bernd , Baumgärtner Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inspired rapid research efforts targeting the host range, pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, and the development of antiviral strategies. Genetically modified mice, rhesus macaques, ferrets, and Syrian golden hamsters have been frequently used in studies of pathogenesis and efficacy of antiviral compounds and vaccines. However, alternatives to in vivo experiments, such as immortalized cell lines, primary respiratory epithelial cells cultured at an air–liquid interface, stem/progenitor cell-derived organoids, or tissue explants, have also been used for isolation of SARS-CoV-2, investigation of cytopathic effects, and pathogen–host interactions. Moreover, initial proof-of-concept studies for testing therapeutic agents can be performed with these tools, showing that animal-sparing cell culture methods could significantly reduce the need for animal models in the future, following the 3R principles of replace, reduce, and refine. So far, only few studies using animal-derived primary cells or tissues have been conducted in SARS-CoV-2 research, although natural infection has been shown to occur in several animal species. Therefore, the need for in-depth investigations on possible interspecies transmission routes and differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is urgent. This review gives an overview of studies employing alternative culture systems like primary cell cultures, tissue explants, or organoids for investigations of the pathophysiology and reverse zoonotic potential of SARS-CoV-2 in animals. In addition, future possibilities of SARS-CoV-2 research in animals, including previously neglected methods like the use of precision-cut lung slices, will be outlined.
Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum in a cat
Authors: Imlau Michelle , Saeed Mamoun , Cryan Jane , Hoey Seamus , McKenna Myles , Jahns Hanne , Kelly Pamela
Published: February 2022

A 2.5-year-old cat presented with progressive ataxia and lethargy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enlargement of the cerebellum and herniation of cerebellar vermis. Postmortem examination confirmed the MRI findings, and histopathology showed numerous large dysplastic neurons populating and displacing the Purkinje cell layer and extending into the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum. The lesion was diagnosed as dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum. In humans, this tumor is often associated with Cowden syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by multiple hamartomas and an increased risk of developing certain neoplasms, known to be linked to a germline mutation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN) gene. Reduction in PTEN nuclear and cytoplasmic immunohistochemical labeling of dysplastic neurons in this case suggested a possible PTEN mutation involved in the tumorigenesis. This report provides a detailed pathology description of the tumor and the use of neuronal and PTEN markers which will help guide pathologists presented with this rare condition in the future.
Ten-Year Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement and Borderline Dysplasia
Authors: Beals Tim R. , Soares Rui W. , Briggs Karen K. , Day Hannah K. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: February 2022

Background:

The role of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of patients with borderline hip dysplasia is controversial and evolving.

Purpose:

To evaluate outcomes at a minimum 10-year follow-up in patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement in a hip with borderline dysplasia.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

All hips that underwent labral repair between June 2006 and March 2009 for femoroacetabular impingement with borderline dysplasia were included if they had a lateral center-edge angle of 20° to 25°, had primary hip arthroscopy for the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement, and were aged 18 to 70 years. Patients were excluded if they had previous hip surgery, avascular necrosis, or fracture. Kaplan-Meier survivorship was performed, with survivorship defined as avoidance of conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Results:

A total of 45 patients met the inclusion criteria, and 38 were contacted at a minimum 10 years postoperatively (84%; mean ± SD, 12 ± 1.3 years). There were 23 women and 15 men with an average age of 41 ± 9.6 years (range, 25-69). Twenty patients were ≥40 years of age. In this patient cohort, survivorship was 87% at 5 years and 79% at 10 years for conversion to THA. Of the 38 patients included, 9 were converted to THA (24%), and 3 required revision hip arthroscopy (7%). Patient age, Tönnis grade, microfracture of cartilage lesions, and Tönnis angle >15° were associated with conversion to THA. No statistically significant differences were found between those who underwent conversion to THA and those who did not regarding lateral center-edge angle, Sharp angle, or alpha angle. Significant improvements were seen at follow-up of 12 years (range, 10-13) for the modified Harris Hip Score (58 to 83; P = .002), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (70 to 87; P = .003), Hip Outcome Score–Sport (47 to 76; P = .004), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (31 to 10; P = .001). At follow-up, >80% maintained the minimal clinically important difference for the Hip Outcome Score (Activities of Daily Living and Sport) with no differences between patients aged <40 and ≥40 years.

Conclusion:

Risk factors for conversion to THA after hip arthroscopy in the borderline dysplastic hip included older age, higher Tönnis grades, grade 4 chondral lesions that were microfractures, and Tönnis angle >15°. In those patients who did not convert to THA, improvement in outcome measures was seen at 10 years. Careful patient selection is critical to the success of this procedure.
Monumental upheavals: Unsettled fates of the Captain Cook statue and other colonial monuments in Australia
Authors: Carlson Bronwyn , Farrelly Terri
Published: February 2022

Monuments and statues are forms of commemoration. They typically pay tribute to people or events and aim to serve as a permanent marker, a link between present and past generations, committing them to memory and assigning them with importance and meaning. While commemorations can be beneficial in terms of recognising a legacy of the past and helping foster relationships between opposing groups, they can also be divisive and painful, failing to acknowledge other dimensions of historical fact and further hardening the boundaries between groups in conflict. Essentially, what we choose to commemorate reflects what we as a society actually value. This paper focuses on the unsettled fates of the Captain Cook statue that stands with prominence in Hyde Park, Warrane, and other colonial monuments in Australia. It also discusses the emotionality surrounding such commemorations. We question whether Cook’s actual achievements constitute the notoriety that has been bestowed upon him. A range of commentators have put forward ideas around what to do about the Cook statue which we discuss while also considering what the future might look like if the truth of colonial history is known and open conversations can be had.
Root causes of underperforming urban waste services in developing countries: Designing a diagnostic tool, based on literature review and qualitative system dynamics
Authors: Breukelman Hans , Krikke Harold , Löhr Ansje
Published: February 2022

Cities in developing countries struggle with providing good waste collection services to all their citizens. Daily practice mostly shows low service coverage, especially in the poorer parts of cities. Up until now, research has mainly dealt with the symptoms of poor performance. This article aims at designing a qualitative System Dynamics model of the urban system that may serve as a diagnostic tool to find the root causes and leverage points for interventions. The research presented here uses a broad literature review to draw up a complex causal loop diagram describing all relevant urban variables (demographic, economic, social, financial, technical and governance-related) and their relations. The diagram is analysed using qualitative methods, partly derived from graph theory. It results in an evaluation of all variables, paths, loops and branches of the model, and finally in a simplified model. This simplified model is helpful in diagnosing waste management problems in cities, in formulating interventions and their points of leverage and even in formulating a new taxonomy that classifies cities with regard to the effect and delay in their urban processes. When it comes to interventions, the model suggests that the root cause is in populations growing faster than their economies, and that the enabling circumstances are mainly in poor governance practices that are unable to secure that tax incomes keep pace with needed budgets for sound services.
Aesthetic Style: How Material Objects Structure an Institutional Field
Authors: Adler Gary J. , DellaPosta Daniel , Lankes Jane
Published: February 2022

How does material culture matter for institutions? Material objects are increasingly prominent in sociological research, but current studies offer limited insight for how material objects matter to institutional processes. We build on sociological insights to theorize aesthetic style, a shared pattern of material object presence and usage among a cluster of organizations in an institutional field. We use formal relational methods and a survey of material objects from religious congregations to uncover the aesthetic styles that are part of the “logics of god” in the United States’ Christian religious field. We argue aesthetic styles help structure an institutional field by spanning objects’ meanings across space and time, stabilizing objects’ authority, and demarcating symbolic boundaries. Our research provides a conceptual tool for understanding how objects bridge the material and symbolic dimensions of institutions and a methodological example for examining the meaning of objects across numerous organizations in an institutional field.
Blurring the distinction between the researcher and the researched: Doing Collective Memory-Work online in Covid times
Authors: Corcoran Mary P. , Hamm Robert , Weiner Ruairí
Published: February 2022

Collective-Memory Work (CMW) is a method of research and learning that relies on a group working together on a topic of shared interest. It aligns with other qualitative approaches such as participatory and feminist research methods, collaborative auto-ethnography, narrative inquiry, and emancipatory adult learning. In CMW participants write short stories from their own memory on a theme agreed in advance. The stories are subsequently scrutinized by the group via detailed textual analysis and recursive discussion. Due to COVID restrictions in 2020, a planned CMW workshop at an Irish higher education institution had to be delivered online. The purpose of this case study is two-fold: first it provides an overview of the CMW approach and how it is implemented in practice, detailing the concrete activities carried out in the workshop. Second, the case study provides insight into running a workshop of this kind online, and the perceived benefits identified by participants of adopting such an approach. We argue that CMW generates an egalitarian group dynamic, encourages active listening, and enables the co-creation of textual analysis in a spirit of collectivity and mutual respect. We suggest that CMW is a versatile method that can be usefully deployed within and beyond academic settings.
Human Service Nonprofits Providing Services to Sex Workers: Efforts to Manage Competing Logics and Ideologies From an Inhabited Institutions Framework
Authors: Anasti Theresa
Published: February 2022

Human service nonprofits (HSNPs) are primarily responsible for addressing prominent social problems such as poverty, homelessness, addiction, and mental health. As such, they vary considerably in their service provision to their marginalized clients. In this paper, I use the theories of institutional logics and inhabited institutions to highlight how individual actors within HSNPs translate different institutional logics in service provision. Using qualitative interviews from 38 HSNP managers working with sex workers, I focus on competing logics and gender ideologies that influence HSNPs. Findings show that despite conflict between different gender ideologies, HSNP employees discover merits in combining logics and ideologies, discovering ways to reinterpret these at the ground level in conjunction with social relationships and interactions in the field. The implications around the role of individual agency and meaning-making in nonprofit dynamics, as well as a reflection upon what this means for HSNPs and their work, is discussed.
Children and adolescents’ voices and the implications for ethical research
Authors: Alves Hayda , Gibbs Lisa , Marinkovic Katitza , Brito Irma , Sheikhattari Payam
Published: February 2022

A discussion on the ethical context and barriers to include children’s voices in research and clarify the role of Research Ethic Committees. Twenty-one researchers from eight countries participated in two focus groups and ten individual in-depth interviews. The results highlight the need for reforming ethical regulations to facilitate greater and more meaningful participation of children and adolescent in research. This reform, however, requires a paradigm shift to balance the notions of protecting children and adolescents from harm with empowerment and autonomy.
Heat transfer enhancement with channel surface roughness: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sohal Abhinav , Kumar Krishan , Kumar Rajan
Published: February 2022

In various applications such as air conditioning, refrigeration, central heating, and chemical processing, heat losses due to thermal resistance are of considerable amount. To improve the thermo-hydraulic performance of the system involved in such applications, it is required to reduce the thermal resistance. This review article focuses on the works related to heat transfer enhancement using two types of surface roughness that are ribs and corrugations. Ribs and corrugations reduce thermal resistance by increasing surface area and creating perturbation in the flow field. This review article covers various experimental, analytical, and numerical studies related to the thermo-hydraulic performance of different working fluids flowing through the channels incorporated with surface roughness. The effects of using different working fluids that are conventional fluids, nanofluids, and hybrid nanofluids on the heat transfer performance of channels with surface roughness are also studied. Authors believe that this article will provide a basis for the advanced research on the thermo-hydraulic performance assessment of the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids in the ribbed and corrugated channels, which will help in the enhancement of the performance of the system comprising the application of such channels.