bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impromptu Speaking Skills of Pre-service Teachers
Authors: Aktay Emel Guvey
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine pre-service teachers' impromptu speaking skills on the basis of the evaluations of the instructor, peers and their own. The study employed a descriptive case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. A total of 23 pre-service math teachers taking the course of Art of Effective Speech in a state university in Turkey in the 2016-2017 academic year participated in the study. The data of the study were collected through the observations of the researcher and pre-service teachers. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the study, it was found that in most of the observation items, the pre-service teachers found themselves inadequate in terms of impromptu speaking skills while they were found to be adequate by their peers and instructor. In addition, it was revealed that the pre-service teachers found themselves inadequate in some items related to the use of voice while they found themselves adequate in most of the items related to articulation/diction and body language and in all of the items related to communication. However, while the instructor observed that the pre-service teachers were generally competent in all the sub-dimensions, she determined that they needed improvement in the sub-dimensions of eye contact, pausing at the appropriate place and speaking without repeating words.  
Optical Fibers: Materials and Applications
Authors: Markos Christos , Correa Rodrigo Amezcua , Bang Ole , Wheeler Natalie V. , Frosz Michael H.
Published: April 2021

This is an introduction to the feature issue of Optical Materials Express on Optical Fibers: Materials and Applications.
Optical tuning of Si3N4 ring resonators using an external short visible wavelength laser source
Authors: Jenkins Shelbi L. , Showghi Sasaan A. , Norwood Robert A.
Published: April 2021

The use of integrated silicon photonic devices has been critical in the advancement of data communication technologies. However, the fabrication and operation of active photonic devices for these applications is often complicated and costly. By using an external 478nm laser source, we have demonstrated the ability to opto-thermally tune passive photonic devices. We have demonstrated various methods of thermal tuning using an external laser source with tuning capabilities up to 24.4 pm/mW for a passive Si3N4 chip with SiO2 cladding material. By etching the cladding layer using standard reactive ion etching techniques to better thermally isolate the individual resonators, we increased the tuning capability to 44.4 pm/mW. In this way, we have successfully tuned the resonance of a passive photonic chip without the use of electrical contacts or thermal electric devices. This poses potential alternatives to conventional thermal tuning techniques.
Combined gene deletion of dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase and pteridine reductase in Leishmania infantum
Authors: Bhattacharya Arijit , Leprohon Philippe , Ouellette Marc
Published: April 2021

Our understanding of folate metabolism in Leishmania has greatly benefited from studies of resistance to the inhibitor methotrexate (MTX). Folates are reduced in Leishmania by the bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase thymidylate synthase (DHFR-TS) and by pteridine reductase (PTR1). To further our understanding of folate metabolism in Leishmania, a Cos-seq genome-wide gain of function screen was performed against MTX and against the two thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors 5-fluorouracil and pemetrexed. The screen revealed DHFR-TS and PTR1 but also the nucleoside transporter NT1 and one hypothetical gene derived from chromosome 31. For MTX, the concentration of folate in the culture medium affected the enrichment pattern for genes retrieved by Cos-seq. We generated a L. infantum DHFR-TS null mutant that was thymidine auxotroph, a phenotype that could be rescued by the addition of thymidine or by transfection of the flavin dependent bacterial TS gene ThyX. In these DHFR-TS null mutants it was impossible to obtain a chromosomal null mutant of PTR1 except if DHFR-TS or PTR1 were provided episomally. The transfection of ThyX however did not allow the elimination of PTR1 in a DHFR-TS null mutant. Leishmania can survive without copies of either DHFR-TS or PTR1 but not without both. Provided that our results observed with the insect stage parasites are also replicated with intracellular parasites, it would suggest that antifolate therapy in Leishmania would only work if both DHFR-TS and PTR1 would be targeted simultaneously.
An effort-based social feedback paradigm reveals aversion to popularity in socially anxious participants and increased motivation in adolescents
Authors: Bos Dienke J. , Barnes Emily D. , Silver Benjamin M. , Ajodan Eliana L. , Clark-Whitney Elysha , Scult Matthew A. , Power Jonathan D. , Jones Rebecca M.
Published: April 2021

We created a novel social feedback paradigm to study how motivation for potential social links is influenced in adolescents and adults. 88 participants (42F/46M) created online posts and then expended physical effort to show their posts to other users, who varied in number of followers and probability of positive feedback. We focused on two populations of particular interest from a social feedback perspective: adolescents relative to young adults (13–17 vs 18–24 years of age), and participants with social anxiety symptoms. Individuals with higher self-reported symptoms of social anxiety did not follow the typical pattern of increased effort to obtain social feedback from high status peers. Adolescents were more willing to exert physical effort on the task than young adults. Overall, participants were more likely to exert physical effort for high social status users and for users likely to yield positive feedback, and men were more likely to exert effort than women, findings that parallel prior results in effort-based tasks with financial rather than social rewards. Together the findings suggest social motivation is malleable, driven by factors of social status and the likelihood of a positive social outcome, and that age, sex, and social anxiety significantly impact patterns of socially motivated decision-making.
Origin of agricultural plant pathogens: Diversity and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia fungi associated with native prairie grasses in the Sandhills of Nebraska
Authors: Kodati Srikanth , Adesemoye Anthony O. , Yuen Gary Y. , Volesky Jerry D. , Everhart Sydney E.
Published: April 2021

The Sandhills of Nebraska is a complex ecosystem, covering 50,000 km2in central and western Nebraska and predominantly of virgin grassland. Grasslands are the most widespread vegetation in the U.S. and once dominated regions are currently cultivated croplands, so it stands to reason that some of the current plant pathogens of cultivated crops originated from grasslands, particularly soilborne plant pathogens. The anamorphic genusRhizoctoniaincludes genetically diverse organisms that are known to be necrotrophic fungal pathogens, saprophytes, mycorrhiza of orchids, and biocontrol agents. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity ofRhizoctoniaspp. on four native grasses in the Sandhills of Nebraska and determine pathogenicity to native grasses and soybean. In 2016 and 2017, a total of 84 samples were collected from 11 sites in the Sandhills, located in eight counties of Nebraska. The samples included soil and symptomatic roots from the four dominant native grasses: sand bluestem, little bluestem, prairie sandreed, and needle-and-thread. Obtained were 17Rhizoctonia-like isolates identified, including five isolates of binucleateRhizoctoniaAG-F; two isolates each from binucleateRhizoctoniaAG-B, AG-C, and AG-K,Rhizoctonia solaniAGs: AG-3, and AG-4; one isolate of binucleateRhizoctoniaAG-L, and one isolate ofR.zeae. Disease severity was assessed for representative isolates of each AG in a greenhouse assay using sand bluestem, needle-and-thread, and soybean; prairie sandreed and little bluestem were unable to germinate under artificial conditions. On native grasses, all but two isolates were either mildly aggressive (causing 5–21% disease severity) or aggressive (21–35% disease severity). Among those, three isolates were cross-pathogenic on soybean, withR.solaniAG-4 shown to be highly aggressive (86% disease severity). Thus, it is presumed thatRhizoctoniaspp. are native to the sandhills grasslands and an emerging pathogen of crops cultivated may have survived in the soil and originate from grasslands.
Effects of prenatal exposure factors on birth outcomes through mediation of favorable fetal growth conditions using structural equation modeling
Authors: Mitku Aweke A. , Zewotir Temesgen , North Delia , Jeena Prakash , Naidoo Rajen N.
Published: April 2021

Background

Birth weight, birth length, and gestational age are major indicators of newborn health. Several prenatal exposure factors influence the fetal environment. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of prenatal exposure factors, including socio-demographic, behavioural, dietary, physical activity, clinical and environmental on birth outcomes through the mediation of Favourable Fetal Growth Conditions (FFGC).

Methods

Data was obtained from six hundred and fifty-six Mother and Child in the Environment birth cohort study in Durban, South Africa from 2013 to 2017. We adopted structural equation models which evaluate the direct and indirect effects by allowing multiple simultaneous equations to incorporate confounding and mediation.

Results

A significant direct and indirect effect of FFGC on newborn weight, length, and gestational age was seen. Gestational weight gain and maternal body mass index in the first trimester exerted a mediation effect between maternal behavioural risk factors and FFGC. Similarly, the level of physical activity during pregnancy was associated with decreased gestational weight gain. The effects of maternal characteristics on newborn weight, length, and gestational age were largely indirect, operating through FFGC as a latent variable.

Conclusions

Gestational weight gain and maternal pre-gestational BMI were observed to mediate the association between prenatal behavioural risk factors and favourable fetal growth conditions.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered from 01 March 2013.
The influence of random number generation in dissipative particle dynamics simulations using a cryptographic hash function
Authors: Okada Kiyoshiro , Brumby Paul E. , Yasuoka Kenji
Published: April 2021

The tiny encryption algorithm (TEA) is widely used when performing dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) calculations in parallel, usually on distributed memory systems. In this research, we reduced the computational cost of the TEA hash function and investigated the influence of the quality of the random numbers generated on the results of DPD calculations. It has already been established that the randomness, or quality, of the random numbers depend on the number of processes from internal functions such as SHIFT, XOR and ADD, which are commonly referred to as “rounds”. Surprisingly, if we choose seed numbers from high entropy sources, with a minimum number of rounds, the quality of the random numbers generated is sufficient to successfully perform accurate DPD simulations. Although it is well known that using a minimal number of rounds is insufficient for generating high-quality random numbers, the combination of selecting good seed numbers and the robustness of DPD simulations means that we can reduce the random number generation cost without reducing the accuracy of the simulation results.
Designing internet-enabled patient education for self-management of T2D diabetes—The case of the Razavi-Khorasan province in Iran
Authors: Jafari Javad , Karlgren Klas , Moonaghi Hossein Karimi , Layegh Parvin , Bonacina Stefano , Masiello Italo
Published: April 2021

Background

The number of people with diabetes is estimated to increase to 642 million by 2040, with most having type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes require continuous monitoring and possible treatment changes. Patient education is the process of enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health-related behaviours and internet-enabled interventions have the potential to provide support and information to patients with diabetes.

Objective

The aim of the study was to design a portal prototype based onto two models of care and a contextualised education programme to support the self-management of diabetes patients by involving stakeholders in the Iranian province of Razavi-Khorasan.

Methods

A Design-Based Research framework was adopted. A qualitative research method was used to analyse interviews with patients and care givers. Mock-ups were developed first and designed with features of user-driven and self-care models of care. The mock-ups also had adaptation features, such as for control of the disease, ability to cure self, and family support. The portal prototype was developed iteratively by building on the mock-ups and evaluated through interviews. The features and elements of the mock-ups and the portal prototype were evaluated in an outpatient diabetes clinic in Mashhad.

Results

Thirty-three participants were involved in the study. The evaluation of the mock-ups resulted in two themes and seven categories: 1) self-care improvement, including self-care requirements and self-management, and 2) educational usefulness, including medical information, information mode, mobility, interaction, and efficiency. The mock-up evaluation was used as a basis for designing a portal prototype. Next, the portal prototype was evaluated, and three categories emerged from the interview data: 1) user experience, 2) functionality, and 3) interactivity. Participants were not able to prioritise between the two care models. Some functionalities of the portal could benefit from the development within a cultural context to determine differences to the best way to present material.

Conclusions

A portal prototype has been designed to include two care models to support self-management and functionalities that support aspects of culture-specific diabetes self-care. This study provides guidance on developing an internet-enabled educational portal, aimed at providing support for patients in their social context.
Astronomical aspects of Group E-type complexes and implications for understanding ancient Maya architecture and urban planning
Authors: Šprajc Ivan
Published: April 2021

In the 1920s, during the first archaeological excavations at Uaxactún, Petén, Guatemala, an architectural complex named Group E was interpreted as an ancient Maya astronomical observatory, intended specifically for sighting the equinoctial and solstitial sunrises. In the following decades, a large number of architectural compounds with the same configuration have been found, most of them in the central lowlands of the Yucatan peninsula. The multiple hypotheses that have been proposed about the astronomical function of these complexes, commonly designated as E Groups, range from those attributing them a paramount role in astronomical observations to those that consider them merely allegorical or commemorative allusions to celestial cycles, without any observational use. This study, based on quantitative analyses of a reasonably large sample of alignment data, as well as on contextual evidence, shows that many of the previous hypotheses cannot be sustained. I argue that E Groups, although built primarily for ritual purposes, were astronomically functional, but also that they had no specific or particularly prominent role in astronomical observations. Their orientations belong to widespread alignment groups, mostly materialized in buildings of other types and explicable in terms of some fundamental concerns of the agriculturally-based Maya societies. I present the evidence demonstrating that the astronomical orientations initially embedded in E Groups, which represent the earliest standardized form of Maya monumental architecture and whose occurrence in practically all early cities in the central Yucatan peninsula attests to their socio-political significance, were later transferred to buildings and compounds of other types. Therefore, it is precisely the importance of the astronomically and cosmologically significant directions, first incorporated in E Groups, that allows us to understand some prominent aspects of ancient Maya architecture and urbanism.
How television works: Discourses, determinants and dynamics arising from the re-enactment of Jazz 625
Authors: Pillai Nicolas , Jackson Vanessa
Published: April 2021

Re-enactment can enable participatory researchers to ‘experience’ through qualitative ethnography the dynamics of how teams of practitioners employ tacit skills to make decisions and collaborate. This article explores the practice-as-research re-enactment of a historic 1960s television show, Jazz 625 (). With the emphasis on the process rather than the product through the production of a modern-day interpretation of the original – entitled Jazz 1080 – the researchers draw conclusions around the complex workings of a television production team through the creation of a new artefact. The empirical research captures how professional attitudes and institutionalized forms of collaborative creative labour shape programme-making. Comparisons are made between the original and re-enacted productions, with the conclusion being made that, despite advances in technology, the practices and processes of television production are remarkably similar between the 1960s and the early twenty-first century.
Assessing factors associated with owner's individual decision to vaccinate their dogs against rabies: A house-to-house survey in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Savadogo Madi , Soré Abdoul-Fataf , Dahourou Laibané Dieudonné , Ossebi Walter , Combari Alima Hadjia Banyala , Bada Alambedji Rianatou , Tarnagda Zékiba
Published: April 2021

Background and Aim: In rabies endemic area, dog vaccination is an effective way of controlling the disease in animals and humans if a minimum of 70% vaccination coverage is reached. This study aimed to identify dog demographics and household characteristics associated with dogs' vaccination against rabies in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents with regard to their dogs' demographics and their household characteristics. Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were performed to assess the association between explicative variables and the dogs' vaccination status.

Results: Overall, as per the findings of this study, it was determined that out of 424 dogs, 57.8% were reportedly vaccinated. The vaccination status was significantly associated with most of the household variables (e.g., gender of the respondent, age, level of education, main means of transportation, participation in a vaccination campaign, knowledge on rabies, and knowledge on dog vaccination) and the dogs' variables (breed of dog, dog origin, purpose for keeping, confinement status, and perceived behavior) (p<0.05). Moreover, only religion, type of housing, knowledge of rabies transmission modes, and dog sex were not significantly associated with vaccination status (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Our study generated informative data showing that animal health workers could develop effective rabies vaccination strategy planning by examining owned dog demographics and their husbandry practices in households.
Az online oktatás tapasztalatai és gyakorlata a pedagógusok nézőpontjából
Authors: N. Kollár Katalin
Published: April 2021

A koronavírus járvány miatti 2020 tavaszán bevezetett kényszerű távolléti oktatással kapcsolatban kérdőíves felmérést végeztünk pedagógusok körében. A vizsgálat célja alapvetően a kialakult helyzet felmérése volt. A kérdőívben egyrészt azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a pedagógusok milyen segítséget kaptak és igényeltek volna, másrészt a közérzetüket és az oktatás változásait vizsgáltuk, mind az alkalmazott módszerek, mind az általuk megítélt eredményesség tekintetében. Végül kérdeztük őket a diákokkal való kapcsolatukról és a diákok közérzetéről is. Eredményeink szerint a pedagógusok bár jelentős segítséget kaptak, de sokszor nem azoktól, akiktől szerettek volna. Alapvetően informatikában jártas kollégák segítségét hiányolták, és sokallták az intézmény vezetőjétől, a munkaközösségtől, a barátoktól és egyes kollégáktól kapott segítséget. Az általuk befektetett munka jelentősen nőtt az online oktatás idején, kevésbé tudták megítélni a diákok tudását és kevésbé szigorúan osztályoztak. Annak ellenére, hogy a diákokkal való személyes törődés nőtt, a diákok közérzetének, tanuláshoz való viszonyának és napirendjének romlásáról számoltak be, miközben jelentősen nőtt az önállóan megoldandó feladataik száma és csökkent a diákok együttműködését igénylő (páros és csoportfeladatok) aránya. Tetten érhető, hogy a különböző helyzetben levő pedagógusok közt mind módszerválasztásban, mind eredményességben jelentős különbségek vannak. A nehézségek okait összefüggésbe hoztuk az alkalmazott módszerekkel és javaslatokat fogalmaztunk meg az adatok tükrében a lehetséges változtatások irányára.
A koronavírus-járvány okozta rendkívüli oktatási helyzet hatása 2-8. évfolyamos diákok tudás- és képességszintjére az olvasásszövegértés, a matematika és a természettudományok területén
Authors: Molnár Gyöngyvér , Hódi Ágnes , Ökördi Réka , Mokri Dóra
Published: April 2021

A tanulmány keretein belül 2-8. évfolyam vonatkozásában elemezzük, hogy a 2020 tavaszi digitális oktatás hatására hogyan, milyen irányban változott a diákok olvasás-szövegértés, matematika és természettudományos tudása az év azonos időszakában 2019-ben és 2018-ban tapasztalt áltagos tudásszinthez képest. Az elemzések alapját több mint 21.000 diák tesztmegoldása képezte, a kutatás mérőeszközét az eDia diagnosztikus mérés-értékelési rendszer feladatai adták. A diákok képességszintjének meghatározásakor a valószínűségi tesztelmélet adta Rasch-modellt alkalmaztuk. Az eredmények szerint mindhárom vizsgált területen az egy évfolyamon belüli különbségek jelentősen nagyobbnak bizonyultak, mint az évfolyamok közötti átlagos fejlődés mértéke, azaz a COVID-19 által indukált helyzet kapcsán alapvetően nagyvonalú megközelítés, átlagról és az átlagok különbözőségéről beszélni. Ennek ellenére a tendenciák szemléltetése végett mégis az átlagok és az átlagos teljesítményben tapasztalt változásra fókuszáltunk a tanulmányban bemutatásra kerülő elemzésekben. Az iskolai oktatás nélküli időszak, illetve a megváltozott oktatási környezet, feltételek hatása mind az olvasás-szövegértés, mind a matematika, mind a természettudományok területén egyértelműen tetten érhető. A 2020/21-es tanévben a korábbi két tanévhez képest alacsonyabbnak bizonyult a diákok átlagos tudás- és képességszintje, míg a 2018-as és 2019-es átlagos teljesítmények között alapvetően nem történt jelentős változás. A negatív irányú teljesítményváltozás mind fiúk mind lányok esetében bekövetkezett. A tanulmány utolsó fejezetében megoldási javaslatként a Szegedi Műhely két kutatócsoportja együttműködésével fejlesztett online, személyre szabott kompenzációra alkalmas fejlesztő eszközeit mutatjuk be.
Activity-Based Life-Cycle Costing applied to an innovative forestry company product portfolio
Authors: Laurent Achille-B. , Beauregard Robert , D'Amours Sophie
Published: April 2021

An accounting system helps to provide information for planning and control of production. This article presents a Life Cycle Costing by using an Activity Based Costing approach of an innovative forestry company. In order to perform a cradle-to-gate assessment the study covers the forest and industrial activities of the forest product processing. The costs of each product in the portfolio are determined by the treatment activities they undergo. The inventory covers several years of activity of the company, which makes it possible to calculate the uncertainty of the average results with Monte Carlo simulation presented in the result section. Based on the results a products portfolio analysis was performed to identify the development progress phases of the mains products to support the product rollover strategy decision.
Dysdiadochokinesia, Ataxia, and Anemia: A Sign of Intraluminal Malignant Mesothelioma?
Authors: Rozner Raquel , Shah Shawn L. , Chiu Kenrry , Crawford Carl V.
Published: April 2021

An 87-year-old man presented with altered mental status and ataxia was found to have a neuron-restricted antibody in his cerebrospinal fluid, concerning for a paraneoplastic syndrome of unknown origin. He also exhibited anemia, but otherwise normal electrolytes and liver chemistries. He underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography which revealed abdominal lymphenopathy. He then underwent push enteroscopy and was found to have a jejunal mass, biopsy proven to be malignant mesothelioma. Malignant mesothelioma is 4–5 times more prevalent in men than women. It is limited to the small bowel, and paraneoplastic syndromes are extremely rare and carry a poor prognosis. The presence of anemia with cerebellar symptoms should trigger a search for a paraneoplastic syndrome-related malignancy.
An Aerodynamic Method for the Preliminary Design of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Munduate X. , Coton F. N.
Published: April 2021

The present paper describes a method developed to assist in the preliminary aerodynamic design of wind turbines by identifying regions of the rotor disk which are dominated by unsteady and/or three-dimensional effects. The technique is based on a blade element/momentum predictor that has been extended to consider yawed flow and tower shadow effects. In addition, the method tracks temporal changes in blade incidence to identify regions of the rotor disk which are susceptible to dynamic stall. It also monitors and assesses the severity of three-dimensional stall delay and the extent to which this interacts with the regions of unsteadiness. In the paper the capability of the method will be demonstrated by application to the specific test case of the U. S. National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL) Combined Experiment turbine.
Probabilistic Analysis of Crack Width
Authors: Marková J. , Holický M.
Published: April 2021

Probabilistic analysis of crack width of a reinforced concrete element is based on the formulas accepted in Eurocode 2 and European Model Code 90. Obtained values of reliability index b seem to be satisfactory for the reinforced concrete slab that fulfils requirements for the crack width specified in Eurocode 2. However, the reliability of the slab seems to be insufficient when the European Model Code 90 is considered; reliability index is less than recommended value 1.5 for serviceability limit states indicated in Eurocode 1. Analysis of sensitivity factors of basic variables enables to find out variables significantly affecting the total crack width.
FRACTURE ENERGY OF ILLITIC RAMMED EARTH WITH HIGH WATER-CLAY RATIO
Authors: Mužíková Barbora , Plaček Otcovská Tereza , Padevět Pavel
Published: April 2021

The article is focused on design of mixture of rammed earth, producing, testing and determination of fracture energy of unfired rammed earth and its stress-strain curve in tensile bending test. Three different mixtures of rammed earth were designed and tested. The amount of water and binder is one of the key properties of the rammed earth, the amount of the water is expressed by the water-clay ratio. Mechanical properties of the earth material highly depend on the composition of sand, clay and water. The prescription AGL III with 80 % of sand, 20 % of clay and 0.400 water-clay ratio reached the maximum value of fracture energy 4.858±0.002 J/m2 and set AGL V had the minimum value 1.934±0.310 J/m2.
DETECTION OF THE PRESENCE OF MICROORGANISMS DURING PRODUCTION OF PLASTERBOARD
Authors: Sekavová Hana , Prošek Zdeněk , Ryparová Pavla
Published: April 2021

This article is focused on detection microorganisms appearing during production of gypsum plasterboards. The research is carried out within the project TAČR ZÉTA TJ02000235 Sádrokarton se zvýšenou odolností proti bilogické degradaci (Gypsum plasterboard with increased biodegradation resistance). This article shows first part of this issue what was detection of the most critical place of production, where is the highest risk of bacterial contamination and it open the area to find suitable modification of production process or recipes of gypsum plasterboards.
La concesión forestal: de instrumento jurídico en el olvido a herramienta esencial para el manejo forestal comunitario
Authors: Amaya-Arias Angela María
Published: April 2021

La concesión es una herramienta jurídica que se encuentra vigente en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. No obstante, actualmente no se encuentra regulada y no se utiliza desde hace más de 20 años para el aprovechamiento forestal. En este artículo se pretende analizar el caso de Guatemala, en el que la concesión forestal es una figura fundamental para el desarrollo de la forestería comunitaria, para finalmente aportar insumos para la regulación de esta figura en Colombia, y así impulsar el manejo forestal comunitario en el país.
Trabajo social y memoria: aportes reflexivos desde la práctica profesional
Authors: Crispin Jairo
Published: April 2021

El siguiente artículo propone un análisis reflexivo desde la frónesis y el pensamiento práctico para abordar la incidencia de la experiencia acu­mulada de la práctica profesional de un grupo de estudiantes de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en el Museo Nacional de la Memoria; a su vez, presenta diversas iniciativas en torno a la memoria del conflicto armado que se han constituido a lo largo de la historia del país como acciones de construcción de paz y cambio social constructivo para que el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, en el marco de la institucionalidad y política pública, pueda diseñar, crear y administrar un museo de la memoria en Colombia.
Una apuesta revisionista al estudio de la Independencia de Colombia: atisbos históricos desde el prisma de concertación
Authors: Pita Pico Roger
Published: April 2021

Este artículo analiza el periodo de Independencia de Colombia desde una nueva perspectiva que va más allá de la tendencia que ha primado en la historiografía tradicional de sobredimensionar la guerra, los aconte­cimientos del campo de batalla y las tácticas militares. La nueva apuesta apunta, entonces, a examinar este proceso de emancipación teniendo en cuenta su complejidad y sus alcances a escala regional, haciendo énfasis en la negociación y en la búsqueda de la paz que se exploraron durante esos años. Lo anterior implica revisar los mecanismos a través de los cuales los patriotas y los que defendían la causa monárquica buscaron esos acercamientos: los armisticios, las capitulaciones, los indultos, el trato humanitario, el canje de prisioneros y el tratado de paz, opciones de conciliación que, aun con todas las interferencias, permitieron salvar la vida de cientos de combatientes, menguaron los efectos de la confron­tación militar y significaron un alivio a la población.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNİN NİĞDE VE YÖRESİNDEKİ TÜKETİCİLERİN İNTERNET ÜZERİNDEN SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞLARINA ETKİSİ
Authors: İRİ Ruhan
Published: April 2021

Araştırma, Corona virüsün neden olduğu Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin tüketicilerin internet üzerinden satın alma davranışlarını ve e-ticarette tüketici harcamalarındaki etkisini incelemek amacındadır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan anket formu, 01-31 Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında Google drive üzerinden araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturan Niğde ve yöresinde e-ticareti kullanan ve internet üzerinden alışveriş yapan 331 tüketiciyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışma, mevcut durumu belirlemeye yönelik tanımlayıcı durum tespiti yapmak amacında keşifsel bir araştırma olup, verilerin değerlendirilmesinde bazı tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Covid 19 pandemi sürecinde tüketicilerin internet üzerinden yaptıkları alışverişlerinde temel ihtiyaçlara (gıda, sağlık, temizlik, kişisel bakım ürünleri vb.) yöneldikleri, dijital platformları ve sosyal medyayı daha sık kullandıkları, işletmelerin yürüttüğü kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk projelerine özel önem verdiklerinin yanı sıra, pandemi sürecinin tüketicilerin harcama şeklini dönüştürmesinin yanı sıra, önceki dönemlere göre tüketicilerin daha fazla harcama yaptığı ve online alışverişin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Yine Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde tüketicilerin e-ticarette çok fazla etik sorunla karşılaşmadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Dealing with Diversity: Factors discouraging participation of Māori and Pacifica females in ICT education
Authors: Morton Scott , Redmond Petrea , Albion Peter
Published: April 2021

The availability of ICT job opportunities within New Zealand is continuing to grow year on year. However, there has been a decrease in the proportion of females, especially Māori and Pacifica, entering into ICT study and pursuing ICT careers. This paper explores factors that discourage participation of Māori and Pacifica high school females in ICT. Semi-structured questions were created based on a STEM cell framework to interview Māori and Pacifica females between the age of 15 and 17 years studying at high school. It was found that by year 11 Māori and Pacifica females lost interest in ICT. This came down to many factors such as perception of the industry not being diverse in people and culture, the subject being dull or boring and the subject not catering for creativity. It was clear from the results that Māori and Pacifica females were discouraged more than encouraged by perceptions and attitudes towards ICT. Māori and Pacifica females had already made their minds up by year 11 that ICT was not the right career choice to follow. Schools need to recognise the students’ journey in ICT in this changing world and start promoting ICT as being creative and imaginative.
The post-pandemic blended university in the time of digitisation
Authors: Uys Philip , Douse Mike
Published: April 2021

This paper documents the inevitable emergence of the ‘Global School’, assesses how the COVID-19 pandemic is hastening that transformation, and then focusses upon how these elemental educational developments may apply at the post-school level. Digitisation involves a pivotal leap in human potential as profound as the wheel in terms of development, as significant as the book in relation to information, and as iconoclastic as anything dreamed up by the deepest analyst/therapist in terms of the human psyche. Given that we are moving inexorably and joyfully into the One World One School situation, do we envisage the one global and blended university – where universal access and organisation are intermingled with local needs, cultures and priorities? Are we also progressing towards a blended post- secondary assessment and learning pedagogy in which the digital is dominant? And, if so, how will the pandemic – and the responses to it – pave the way towards that desirable destination?
Active learning in the time of the pandemic: Report from the eye of the storm
Authors: Czaplinski Iwona , Devine Christine , Sillence Martin , Fielding Andrew , Gaede Oliver , Schrank Christoph
Published: April 2021

This study investigated second- and third-year science students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of their learning practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study focused on the concept of active learning, with special attention paid to self-regulation and self-direction. The data collected through mixed research methods provided evidence of students’ flexible adjustment to the exceptional circumstances. However, the data also revealed a relatively limited range of learning strategies reported by respondents. Thus, this paper identifies an important need for further investigation of students’ practices to enhance their awareness of learning strategies, as a way of becoming active learners. Finally, the study also made salient the need for teacher training in effective teaching strategies, as a complementary strategy to promote students’ active learning. The conclusions from the study reach beyond the current circumstances, as they suggest implications for learning design in terms of educators’ training and designing for active learning.
(e)Portfolio: a history
Authors: Farrell Orna
Published: April 2021

This paper traces the evolution of the concept of portfolio from the Renaissance to the present day. Over time the meaning of portfolio evolved from its origins as a case for holding loose papers to other contexts such as finance, government and education. Portfolios evolved from paper to electronic, from local network to the world wide web. The decade from 2000-2010 was a period when technology became part of mainstream society and educational technology become part of mainstream higher education, and portfolios became a ubiquitous assessment. From 2010-2020, a shift towards an emphasis on pedagogy and the student learning experience occurred in eportfolio research and practice. The history of (e)portfolio in higher education shows that the higher education system will continue to gradually evolve, incorporating concepts, technology and approaches that are compatible rather than transformative.
The benefits of creating open educational resources as assessment in an online education course
Authors: Tualaulelei Eseta
Published: April 2021

This paper reports preliminary findings of a pilot project at an Australian regional university where students in an online multicultural education course created open educational resources as an assessment task. Designed as action research, the project transposed early years educators’ concerns about professional learning and resources into an assessment task. Students created resources in response to the task, and these resources were collated into an open educational resource. Based on a range of project data, the paper presents preliminary findings that show the assessment task had many benefits for students including increased engagement, practical learnings and pride in sharing their work. The paper concludes with implications for practice and suggestions for related research.
How do we value academic time?
Authors: Schier Mark A
Published: April 2021

The extent of technology usage for managing teaching workloads is not completely known, but often extrapolated or inferred by academics’ use of other technologies. This paper explores technology adoption, and attitudes toward use of technology by Australian university academics. We expected that academics would be familiar with general teaching technology tools and have some appreciation of other tools that may assist with their work and allow them to manage their time. We also expected that they would use these to identify and manage assignment work to free up time for other academic activities. To establish their usage of technology, responses to a series of questions about types and familiarity with technology tools, were collected via an online anonymous survey. It also asked for their understanding of a hypothetical assessment scenario and subsequent use of any time gained through using technology. The results from 75 Australian academics indicated that academics were familiar with and used standard teaching technology. Academics expressed a commitment to utilise any time saved for research, scholarship or teaching and learning related activities.
Jakiej filozofii potrzebuje edukacja w świecie XXI wieku?
Authors: Krawczyńska-Zaucha Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The last decades have witnessed constant changes andrefor ms in education in many countries. The paradox of these changes is that they require further changes and transformations and further reforms. Education systems do not correlate with the needs of humanity in the 21st century, nor with the emerging new world view. This article aims to examine education from the global  of the world of digitization in which we live and to find an answer to the question what is the purpose of education in the 21st century. From the analyses of different pedagogicaltre nds and philosophical assumptions underlying them, a conclusion will be drawn about the need for a philosophy open to new challenges in today’s educational reality in order to achieve this goal. This article will addresskey issues of the VUCA world concerning education such as digitization, educate to the unknown, the phenomenon of global teenagers and the development of robotics.
What is the philosophy of education needed in the XXI century?
Authors: Krawczyńska-Zaucha Tatiana
Published: April 2021

The last decades have witnessed constant changes andrefor ms in education in many countries. The paradox of these changes is that they require further changes and transformations and further reforms. Education systems do not correlate with the needs of humanity in the 21st century, nor with the emerging new world view. This article aims to examine education from the global  of the world of digitization in which we live and to find an answer to the question what is the purpose of education in the 21st century. From the analyses of different pedagogicaltre nds and philosophical assumptions underlying them, a conclusion will be drawn about the need for a philosophy open to new challenges in today’s educational reality in order to achieve this goal. This article will addresskey issues of the VUCA world concerning education such as digitization, educate to the unknown, the phenomenon of global teenagers and the development of robotics.
Examples of food cooperatives in Poland as a laboratory of social initiatives
Authors: Skrzypczak Bohdan
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses new forms of social collaboration that have been actively developing in cities for a number of years now. The text analyses the form of social interactions that the author has defined as a community institution. Applying this cognitive category to a reflection on a specific example – a food cooperative – made it possible to capture the characteristic features of a community self-organisation mechanism. Discovering the institutional aspects of the discussed phenomenon made it possible to observe that community collaboration involves an educational process of constructing the common good and consequently – a major potential of pedagogical impact and significant impact on local public policies.
„Lubiły szczególniej muzykę, która część ich wychowania stanowiła”. Domowa edukacja muzyczna polskich szlachcianek epoki oświecenia
Authors: Janicka Jowita
Published: April 2021

The education and upbringing of youth was one of the main issues considered by the aristocracy of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the age of the Enlightenment. A significant part of this current was music education (learning to play the instruments, singing and dancing) acknowledged as compulsory for women with reading, writing, learning foreign languages and history altogether. Every well-educated woman aristocrat could elegantly play the instrument and sing. They were gaining that knowledge primarily at home from foreign and domestic teachers. Despite the popularity of such education and constant presence of music during many noble balls, ceremonies and social arrangements, it was unfavorable in the eyes of current educational theoreticians and according to them useless. Yet memoirs offer multiple examples of delight about female musical abilities. Furthermore, music as a fundamental part of education was mentioned by women themselves; the shortcomings were punished. It seems that despite educationalists’ complaints music education of women helped thementertain noble guests with their musical talents. Woman with such skills, seeking good and affluent husbands, could successfully conquer male hearts.
Próba nakreślenia teorii konferencji jako pedagogiczno-artystycznego widowiska kulturowego. Na przykładzie przebiegu konferencji „Od inspiracji do kreacji. Wyzwania edukacyjne i artystyczne”
Authors: Dembiński Mariusz
Published: April 2021

The aim of the article is an attempt to outline the theory of the conference (scientific), taking into account its actual course, including the reported content, as the ontic basis of its real structure. At the heart of this concept is a myth whose stories form the basis for the emergence of cultural spectacles. In the case of a conference conceived as a spectacle, the founding form (myth) is skholé. The conference itself is shaped in two overlapping areas: firstly, it is subject to the process of ritualization, and secondly, it is subject to the coexistence of universal praxis. In view of the subject of the conference mentioned and analyzed here, this theory takes into account aesthetic and pedagogical interactions (principles), ignoring others (ethics, economy, politics, religion). The conference theory should contribute to the understanding of its coherent thinking and operation structure; the importance of its impact on its participants, the legitimacy of its organization and study; the possibility of consciously shaping its course, in the cognitive - methodological context (I omit the otherwise important socio-cultural aspects).
Piękno i estetyka w matematyce
Authors: Melosik Zbyszko
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the concept of beauty and aesthetics in mathematics. It first analyses the assumptions of rationality and objectivity of mathematics. In the second part, the article addresses the beauty and aesthetics in mathematical thinking and indicates profound skepticism in their validity. It likewise reconstructs the aesthetic dimension of Einstein’s theory. At the end, the author considers his own approach to aesthetics of theory in social sciences.
The Export of Commodities and the Validity of the Export-Led Growth (ELG) Hypothesis for the Brazilian Economy: An Analysis of the Commodity Boom Period
Authors: Fagundes Carrara Aniela , Luiz Pesquero Tiago
Published: April 2021

The present study examines the Brazilian economy in the light of the export-led growth (ELG) hypothesis, in order to examine if this hypothesis is valid for periods in which commodities occupy a significant part of exports, for this reason, for the period known as the “commodity boom”. In order to address the proposed objective, the estimation method used was the autoregression with vector error correction (VEC) in its structural version. The results suggest that the economic growth that occurred in Brazil during the analysed period does not corroborate the ELG hypothesis, which is endorsed by results obtained in similar studies.
On the exact and numerical solutions to a new (2 + 1)-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries equation with conformable derivative
Authors: Özkan Yeşim Sağlam , Yaşar Emrullah , Çelik Nisa
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to introduce a novel study of obtaining exact solutions to the (2+1) - dimensional conformable KdV equation modeling the amplitude of the shallow-water waves in fluids or electrostatic wave potential in plasmas. The reduction of the governing equation to a simpler ordinary differential equation by wave transformation is the first step of the procedure. By using the improved tan(φ/2)-expansion method (ITEM) and Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, exact solutions including the hyperbolic function solution, rational function solution, soliton solution, traveling wave solution, and periodic wave solution of the considered equation have been obtained. We achieve also a numerical solution corresponding to the initial value problem by conformable variational iteration method (C-VIM) and give comparative results in tables. Moreover, by using Maple, some graphical simulations are done to see the behavior of these solutions with choosing the suitable parameters.