bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agroforestry based eco-tourism as an innovative solution for economic, environmental and climate resilience in Batur UNESCO Global Geopark, Bali, Indonesia.
Authors: Astarini I A , Juliantara I K P , Dwikasari I A I , Janaguna I M A , Ginoga K L , Khotimah H , Djaenudin D , Leksono B , Suyasa I G W , Sucipto I W G E , Baral H
Published: March 2024

In recent years such challenges in Batur UNESCO Global Geopark (BUGG) become increasingly complex and dynamic as they involve multiple parties and multi-level institutions with various interests. The sustainable land use practices in BUGG have great potential in fulfilling the needs of local, restoring biodiversity, Sustainable Development Goals 2030, and climate change. This study aims to explore the potential of land use for promoting tourism based on sustainable land use practices associated with the needs of communities in climate-smart agriculture and forestry. The field survey was done in January - March 2023 on BUGG region, in-depth interviews were conducted with local communities, government officers, and tourist guides; geospatial analyses include 48 villages of BUGG. The study resulted in the potential of climate-smart agroforestry for promoting tourism activities in the BUGG including Kintamani oranges farming (33,3%), Kintamani coffee farming (33,3%), horticulture farming under Eucalyptus trees (23,4%) and bee farming under Eucalyptus trees associated with culture for geopark tourism (10%). In addition, the agroforestry of coffee and oranges has mutual benefit ecologically and feasible financially with NPV IDR2.419.361.435,70; IRR 90,79% and R/C 2,31.
Promoting smart agroforestry of sengon-based arrowroot and cardamom to support food security
Authors: Octavia D , Wijayanto N , Budi S W , Suharti S , Batubara I
Published: March 2024

The forest land has great potential to provide food and also contributes to achieving Indonesia’s forest and other land uses (FOLU) Net Sink 2030, as a concrete contribution of the forestry sector to addressing national and global needs, which can be done by promoting smart agroforestry. This research aims to provide smart agroforestry model ofsengon(Falcataria moluccana) with arrowroot and cardamom, to analyze thesengongrowth, the arrowroot and cardamom biomass productivities under the agroforestry models. The split-plot design was employed with six cropping pattern as the main plot, in three agroforestry models (sengon-arrowroot;sengon-cardamom;sengon-arrowroot-cardamom) and three monoculture plots, and three levels of the dosage of manure as subplots (0; 250; 500 g). The results showed that higher growth ofsengonwas found in the three agroforestry models (3.0-3.5 m3.ha−1) compared to monoculture (2.1 m3.ha−1). The highest dry weight of leaf, stem, root, tuber, fruit bunch and total biomass of arrowroot and cardamom was produced in the monoculture. These agroforestry models have the potential to support food security and Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030, which will be prospective mainstreaming in implementing Social Forestry programs.
The persilan on agroforestry crops system in java production forest
Authors: Santosa F J , Mustafa A K , Widodo A R , Padmaningrum D , Widiyanto  , Purwanto D , Wardani R R I K
Published: March 2024

Agroforestry is an agricultural system that integrates primary trees and alternative crops on the same land to provide economic, social, and ecological benefits. One of the agroforestry planting patterns is called Persilan. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the concept of persilan carried out by pesanggem (forest farmers) in several blood types in Java. Researchers observed agroforestry activities in three districts in Java, namely Rembang, Blora, and Tuban. To see agricultural patterns in several regions of Java, we used secondary data studies and Google Maps. In addition, we also collect data through stakeholder surveys to find out the philosophy, land plot, calendar, and ecological function of persilan patterns. The results showed interesting facts related to land parcels in the context of agroforestry which were widely developed in several regions, including Pati, Grobogan, Rembang, Blora, Tuban, to Bojonogoro. Persilan is a form of agriculture where people use Perum Perhutani production forests as their planting land. They plant in the empty parts between the trees by combining primary plants with interstitial plants for 5 years. The concept of Persilan plays a role in maintaining the ecological balance of forests, economic prosperity, and social welfare of local communities.
The potency of coffee plants in agroforestry system in Baringin Village, Agam Regency, West Sumatra to support social forestry program and its contribution to mitigate climate change
Authors: Kusumaningrum D A , Risyad A , Siagian J A , Melinda K , Tisyadana M
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the viability of coffee agroforestry systems in supporting Indonesia’s Social Forestry Program and contributing to climate change mitigation efforts. Conducted in the KUPS Kopi Data Baringin management area of West Sumatra, this research assesses the potential of coffee cultivation within an agroforestry system in Baringin Village, Agam District. Data collection encompassed a comprehensive census for social and economic aspects and purposive sampling for vegetation analysis. Findings revealed a diverse range of 29 tree species from 16 families, alongside eight types of agricultural crops from five families. Tree species exhibited lower diversity and abundance indices, while herbaceous and shrub categories demonstrated moderate diversity. Notably, Coffea canephora, the coffee species, exhibited a carbon content of 3.49 tons per hectare, contributing to climate change mitigation efforts and functioning as a valuable CO2 equivalent sink estimated at approximately 13 tons per hectare. Furthermore, the adoption of coffee agroforestry systems resulted in a notable increase in monthly income for KUPS members. These findings underscore the potential of coffee agroforestry systems as a sustainable land-use practice, supporting the Social Forestry Program objectives and making substantial contributions to climate change mitigation in Indonesia’s forest and land management strategies.
Internal and edge-effect environmental monitoring to assess the threats facing intact tropical peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Atiningsih S N , Rahmadhani A , Thomas A , Graham L , Idrus N I , Vetrita Y , Cobb A R
Published: March 2024

Peat swamp forest (PSF) provides vital environmental benefits, including carbon storage. However, almost half of the Indonesia’s PSF areas are extensively degraded. Internal threats such as drainage contribute to peat drying, vegetation damage and heightened fire risk. Equally, forest edges are threatened from human activity and fire spread, leading to forest edge regression. This study assesses biophysical changes within an area of intact tropical PSF and along their edges in Central Kalimantan. To assess these threats, we established seven transects perpendicular to the forest edge, transitioning from degraded to intact forest. Forty-nine dipwells, and three loggers were installed to assess drainage and subsidence. We established seed traps and seedling plots along three transects at three distances from the forest edge (three replicates per distance) to assess forest edge regeneration potential. Furthermore, we are analysing historic remote sensing data from the last two decades to study land cover change and forest edge loss related to fire. Equipment was established February 2022, with data collection underway for 12 months. Here, we present our initial findings. The results will provide quantitative and qualitative data analysis to describe potential threat levels facing this forest and give recommendations for developing a targeted conservation action plan.
Growth diversity, heritability, and genetic correlation of 2-year-old of manglid (Manglietia glauca Bl.) progeny test in Candiroto, Temanggung, Central Java
Authors: Pudjiono S , Baskorowati L , Mashudi  , Susanto M , Setiadi D , Hendrati R L , Nurtjahjaningsih I L G , Sulistiadi H B S , Sumardi  , Hartati R A , Puspitasari D
Published: March 2024

Manglid, an Indonesian flora, is highly sought after due to its high public interest in planting it. It is necessary to develop superior seed sources to increase the plant’s productivity. This study aimed to determine variations in plant growth, heritability, and genetic correlation of Manglid plants in a 2-year-old progeny test in Candiroto. A Randomized Completely Block Design with two components population and family used in this study. Families are nested within the population. There are 3 populations and 100 families; 15 of the 100 families were from Tasikmalaya, 10 were from Sumedang, and 75 were from Sukabumi. Plant height and stem diameter were measured. The analysis revealed a significant relationship between population, family, and family within the population and plant height and stem diameter development. Sumedang populations had the best height and diameter at 4.19 meters and 6.15 centimeters, with 27 differences in height growth and 24 variances in diameter growth at the family level. The estimated individual heritability for height was 0.21, while for stem diameter it was 0.17. The family heritability for height and stem diameter was 0.52 and 0.49, respectively. A 0.83 genetic correlation was found between height and diameter.
Inventory of mangrove species diversity in Ruar village, Biak Numor Regency, Papua Province
Authors: Rumbino M Y , Muttaqin Z , Supriono B
Published: March 2024

Efforts to preserve mangrove forests through species diversity inventory are important input data in mangrove forest management. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential and diversity of mangrove forest species in Ruar village, Biak Numfor Regency, Papua Province. Inventory of mangrove species using the grid line method which is laid systematically. The distance between the lanes is determined to be 200 meters and plots are placed to the left and right of the lanes, making up as many as six lanes/transects. The results of this study, there are 5 species, namely Sonneratia alba, Rhyzophora stylosa, Rhyzophora apiculata Bl, Bruguiera gymnorhyza (L) Lamk, Ceriops tagal (Perr). C.B.Rob. On tree growth rates were dominated by Rhyzophora apiculate Bl (INP 152.73%), sapling and seedling rates dominated by Bruguiera gymnoriza (L) Lamk (INP 137.85% and INP 128.46%). Species diversity index according to tree growth rate (0.874), sapling rate (0.678) and seedling rate (0.667). According to Shannon-Wienner criterion (H’ <1), the species diversity index in the mangrove forest of Ruar Village, Biak Numfor Regency is low. Species enrichment planting activities are needed in maintaining and increasing the diversity of mangrove species to control environmental disturbances.
Potential Regeneration and Spatial Distribution model of Saurauia pendula Blume in Mount Slamet, Central Java
Authors: Helmanto H , Zulkarnaen R N , Fikriyya N , Rachmadiyanto A N , Nisyawati  , Robiansyah I , Rusdiyanto  , Kurniawan E
Published: March 2024

Saurauia pendula Blume is a species of genus Saurauia and belong to Actinidiaceae family. Saurauia pendula spread over on several highlands or mountains in Java Island. Mount Slamet is the second highest mountain on Java with naturally good vegetations. The existence of several threats such as forest fires, destruction, deforestation and forest degradation has caused the condition of these plant species to begin to require attention. This study aims to determine the population of S. pendula, its potential regeneration and spatial distribution model in Mount Slamet area. The study was conducted on four (north, south, west and east) slopes in 2019-2020. Research on population conditions was carried out by following hiking trails and making new paths around the center of suitable habitat. Coordinate data is taken to make spatial analysis using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). The results showed that the number of S. pendula was found on the north, west and south slopes at an altitude of 1010-2024 masl. This species has a significant association with Saurauia microphylla de Vriese., Glochidion obscurum (Roxb. ex Willd.) Blume and Castanopsis argentea. The number of mature plants is 106 individuals, which have important role in the distribution of this plant. Analysis of the spatial distribution model shows that S. pendula is estimated to be widely distributed on the western slopes of Mount Slamet.
Potential and challenges of utilizing Artocarpus odoratissimus (Binturung) fruit in Kalimantan
Authors: Wahyuningtyas R S , Humaida N , Hani A , Aziza L N , Gunawan G , Fitriani A
Published: March 2024

Kalimantan possesses diverse local fruit potentials, including the genus Artocarpus (local name: Tarap). There are approximately 13 Artocarpus species in Kalimantan, two of which are endemic to the region: Artocarpus nitidus Trecul ssp. borneensis (Merr.) Jarrett and Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco. A. odoratissimus, commonly known as Binturung in South Kalimantan, is a less frequently encountered local fruit than other Tarap species. The destruction of natural habitats, mainly due to land use conversion from natural forests to other purposes, has led to a decline in Binturung populations in the wild. This study comprehensively reviews relevant literature on A. odoratissimus, encompassing fruit characteristics, potential benefits, and conservation status. Expert interviews, including botanists and biodiversity specialists, are conducted to gather additional information on the commercial potential and conservation challenges associated with Binturung fruit in Kalimantan. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and challenges in utilizing A. odoratissimus fruit in Kalimantan. The findings are expected to serve as a foundation for sustainable conservation strategies and commercial utilization, promoting the conservation of natural resources and enhancing the well-being of local communities.
Assessing forest area fragmentation potential in Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Maluku islands, Indonesia
Authors: Abdulah L , Lestari N S , Yunianto A S , Iqbal M , Pasaribu P H P
Published: March 2024

Forest fragmentation has emerged as an important driver of habitat loss and biodiversity degradation, but research on this topic has been limited, particularly in island areas. The aim of this study is to address this research gap by investigating forest fragmentation in the islands of Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. To identify the potential for forest fragmentation in these regions, Simmon’s Index was used. Land cover maps derived from the Sentinel-2 dataset for the period 2017-2022 were obtained from Google Earth Engine. They were combined with forest area maps to generate the fragmentation index. Our results show that Maluku has the highest fragmentation index with an average of 0.32. This is followed by East Nusa Tenggara with 0.31, North Maluku with 0.21, West Nusa Tenggara with 0.13 and Bali with 0.04. During the period 2017-2022, the average number of developed land, expressed in polygons, was 2533 in Maluku, and 3706, 1412, 1878, and 637 in East Nusa Tenggara, North Maluku, West Nusa Tenggara, and Bali, respectively. The development of a methodology to quantify the potential extent and drivers of forest fragmentation is essential to inform policy makers and guide strategies to protect forest areas and prevent further habitat loss.
Identification of dominant fungi in medium high tides area, Angke Kapuk protected forest
Authors: Aulia S P , Kusmana C , Sukarno N
Published: March 2024

Litter that falls will experience decomposition involving the role of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. Therefore, by using adding fungi to the leaf clutter, can make the decomposition manner can be quicker. This study aims to identify the dominant species of fungi that play a role in the decomposition of Avicennia marina leaf litter. The methods used in this study are the washing method and the particle filtration method. The research shows that it does exist 15 types of fungi that predominate in accelerating the process of litter decomposition. From the identification results, the fungus belongs to the genus Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Paecilomyces, and mycelia strerile. Overall, the known types of fungi belong to the Ascomycota division but belong to different families. The frequency of emergence of the fungus Aspergillus sp. was very dominating from the 15th to the 105th day of observation with a total of 59 isolates. Aspergillus sp. has a high ability to degrade lignin compounds so that it can help speed up the process of litter decomposition, of the 13 fungi found, Aspergillus sp. was the fungus with the highest occurrence frequency compared to other types of fungi.
Characterization of endophytic bacteria of Mindi (Melia azedarach) and Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) plants and potential inhibition in plant diseases
Authors: Kultsum F , Herliyana E N , Munif A , Hartoyo A P P
Published: March 2024

Plant diseases attack all parts of the plant, such as leaves, stems, and roots. The cause of pest attacks is due to several factors, namely environmental conditions that support pathogens, selected plant conditions that are susceptible to disease, and poor maintenance. Disease attacks on the roots include attacks that are harmful to plants, so it is necessary to have effective control carried out by considering the ecology and economy. One of the techniques for controlling plant-disturbing organisms (OPT) can be carried out by utilizing endophytic microbes. This study aimed to explore the types of endophytic bacteria found in balsa and mindi, which have the potential as biological control agents, as well as the effect of using endophytic bacteria in suppressing the growth of root diseases in vitro. The study found that as many as 20 endophytic bacteria were purified from balsa, and 25 individuals were purified from mindi. The hemolysis test and plant hypersensitivity test results showed seven pure isolates with endophytic potential, namely three isolates from balsa and four from mindi.
The residual of ameliorant formulation from local resources on chemical properties of inceptisols and production of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Herviyanti H , Maulana A , Fathi A N M , Monikasari M , Nursyam E A , Putri A M I , Habazar T , Noer M , Lita R P , Refdi C W
Published: March 2024

Ameliorant based on local resources is an alternative solution to farmers in sustainably optimise agricultural waste. This study aimed to determine the residual ameliorant formulation from a local resource on the chemical properties of Inceptisols and the production of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central horticultural production of Banuhampu Agam, West Sumatra. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications, namely: [A]=Control; [B]=Bamboo biochar (BB)+Tithonia Green Fertilizer (TGF)+Chicken Manure (CM)+Agam Compost (CA); [C]=BB+TGF+CM; [D]=BB+TGF+CA; [E] = BB+CM+CA; [F]=TGF+CM+CA; [G]=Farmer’s tradition (FT) and [H]=Ministry of Agriculture recommendations (MAR). Residual formulation of ameliorant from local resources had a significant effect on chemical properties of Inceptisols (pH, EC, CEC, OC, total N, available P) and total yield (kg plot−1) and % P in green beans, compared to control. Residual ameliorant formulation from local resources (TGF+CM+CA) had improved OC (0.88; 0.72 and 0.56% C) in Inceptisols and total yield (8.30; 5.10 and 4.90 kg plot−1) and 0.002; 0.007 and 0.006% P in green beans, better than the control, FT and MAR. The application of local resource-based amelioration technology is very significant to land optimisation, especially OM.
Change of carbon mass after timber harvesting in a natural forest, West Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Matangaran J R , Barokah S M , Mujahid M , Trison S , Putra E I
Published: March 2024

Forests have an important role in the carbon cycle and in the dynamics of storing and releasing carbon in growth, decay, and disturbance processes. Timber harvesting initially reduces the amount of carbon in the forest. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of changes in carbon mass due to timber harvesting. It was conducted in a forest concessionaire located at Siberut of West Sumatra on a natural forest covering about 48,000 hectares. Selective cutting was implemented for logging where the harvestable trees were over 50 cm in diameter. The amount of carbon mass was obtained based on laboratory tests on tree parts, including trunk, branches, twigs, and bark. The average carbon content in each part of the tree is different. The trunk contains 53.86% of carbon mass, the branches are 51.98%, the twigs are 31.58%, the leaves are 27.91%, and the bark is 32.01%. Timber harvesting was conducted at the forest compartment with an average forest stand density of 71.5 trees ha−1 and a felling intensity of 8.8 trees ha−1, causing damage to 16.17 trees ha−1 stands. Timber harvesting causes a decrease in carbon mass reserves of 43.26% from forest carbon mass of 141.89 tons C ha−1 before harvesting to 80.00 tons C ha−1 after harvesting.
Estimation of vegetation density using NDVI and carbon stock in the Utilization Zone of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park
Authors: Mosa S A , Istomo  , Hartoyo A P P
Published: March 2024

Forestry and Other Land Uses (FOLU) is one of the critical sectors in low carbon and climate resilience development. Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) can potentially mitigate climate change by increasing carbon stocks. This study aimed to estimate vegetation density using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), estimate biomass and aboveground carbon stocks, and analyze the relationships of NDVI with vegetation diversity and carbon stocks in the utilization zone of GHSNP. The method used was vegetation analysis and carbon estimation using allometric and destructive testing for seedling and understory levels. The total plots were 15 (a plot size of 50 × 50 m). NDVI was categorized into three classes, specifically class 1 (0,147 - 0,276), class 2 (0,276 - 0,321), and class 3 (0,321 - 0,493). The utilization zone of GHSNP consists of 56 plant species from 40 families. The research location was dominated by Pinus merkusii. The average biomass and carbon concentrations were 131,14 Mg/ha and 61,64 Mg C/ha, respectively. Carbon concentration strongly correlated with the basal area (r = 95,2%). The NDVI value strongly correlated with the number of individual trees per hectare. NDVI can be used as an approach to estimating forest cover.
Carbon stock estimation in post-mining reclamation area of open coal mining in PT Berau Coal, Berau, East Kalimantan
Authors: Farosandi N H , Mansur I , Istikorini Y
Published: March 2024

Postmining land reclamation and revegetation activities play an important role in restoring vegetation, degraded land and controlling climate change because CO2 is sinking from the atmosphere due to the impact of mining activities. This study aims to estimate the potential for above-ground and below-ground carbon and CO2 absorption capacity at the Binungan Mine Operations Site (BMO), PT Berau Coal, Berau, East Kalimantan. Vegetation analysis was used to estimate the potential carbon stock and CO2 absorption capacity at plant ages 1-10 years using the purposive sampling method of 5 plots (20 x 20 m) each in the post-mining area studied. Biomass and carbon stocks were estimated using existing allometric models. The results showed 14 tree species from 10 families dominated by Fabaceae. Biomass was estimated at 1.13 - 128.31 Mg ha-1, carbon stocks were 0.53-60.3 Mg ha-1, and CO2 absorption was 1.95 - 221.32 Mg ha-1. Reclamation and revegetation in 10 year-old plants on reclamaied land can restore biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 absorption capacity of 70% from the initial baseline.
Analysis of land cover change in Sagara Anakan Cilacap, Central Java using principal component analysis (PCA)
Authors: Yulianti M , Kusmana C , Setiawan Y , Prasetyo L B , Suyadi  , Rahmila Y I , Pranoto B , Rahmania R , Yeny I , Sari N , Halwany W , Darwiati W , Marpaung S S M , Karmilasanti
Published: March 2024

Land cover in area Mangrove, an ecosystem with high productivity, is an ecological link that is very important for life in the waters. This study aims to identify land cover vegetation, water bodies, and soil using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method with imagery using Landsat imagery for 1997 and 2021 carried out by processing Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 OLI images consisting of pre-processing processes and image classification. The results showed that in the mangrove area in Sagara Anakan, there was a significant change in land cover; for the lagoon area, the land cover was overgrown with mangrove forests, but areas far from the lagoon had changed to settlements or sparse vegetation.
Analysis of actors and power relationships in forest encroachment study case: Ledang Village KPH Ropang
Authors: Widhiasto B K , Santi N A
Published: March 2024

Deforestation caused by the stakeholders who are trying to revitalize and reposition their role in forest resource management. Research related to actors was carried out to find who had an interest and influence in that problem, what were the factors of forest encroachment and how was the power relationship between stakeholders involved in the problem of forest encroachment. The research located in Ledang villages, RPH Temutung with research sampling technique was clustered purposive sampling. Determination of respondents using key informants. Data analysis; (1) stakeholders mapping analysis, (2) forest encroachment analysis (3) power relations analysis. The results showed that the stakeholders involved were mapped into three quadrants grouped: (1) key player: forest community group, community, ropang forest management unit, temutung forest management resort, (2) subject: hodge and sawmills, (3) context setters: village government, district government, community figure, village traditional institutions and civil servant. The factors were economic, social, regulation, politic, and cultural factors. Stakeholder who have the big influence were community, and village government.
Analysis of the environmental damage and agricultural utilization in Forest Area of Dieang Plateau, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ningrum M H , Fahmi S , Laksmita A N
Published: March 2024

Dieng Plateau is a renowned tourist attraction due to its captivating panoramas, protected forest, agricultural viability, and geothermal resources. However, encouraging social life forces the local community to depend on the surrounding forest by utilizing the forest area as agricultural land. These activities harm the environment. This study aimed to determine the level of environmental damage and agricultural utilization in forest area of Dieng Plateau. Data collection methods were observation and interviews, with a purposive determination of the sample. Data analysis was carried out spatially to determine the level of environmental damage. The results showed that the erosion rate in the Dieng Plateau was in the moderate (33-35 cm), heavy (86-100 cm) and very heavy class (92-235 cm). The level of canopy cover is in the moderately dense class (60%), sparse class (20-40%) and very sparse class (<20%). The level of land productivity is in the low class (40%), moderate class (45-53%), high class (70%) and very high (93%). The level of environmental management ranged from poor to excellent. The level of environmental damage in total is in the rather severe and damaged class. For this reason, it is necessary to implementing environmental damage control strategies by land rehabilitation and closely monitoring agricultural activities by the forest area management and local government authorities are essential measures.
Systematic review on the implementation of mangrove community-based restoration in Indonesia and beyond
Authors: Kusumadewi S D , Purnomo H , Nadhira S , Putrizulfan R
Published: March 2024

World’s mangroves are decreasing, and the remaining are continuously at risk, so restoration seen as one of key strategies in the mangrove management. Mangrove ecosystems are ecologically important for coastal life, as well as play a key role for the livelihood and food security that put coastal community as important actor in the mangrove restoration efforts, including in Indonesia. This study aims to understand the current practices and lesson learned from the implementation of community-based mangrove restoration (CBMR). We used a combination of systematic review and co-learning workshops to identify relevant case studies, interventions, and outcomes from the implementation CBMR. We selected 71 relevant case studies from nine countries and ran a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We identified four group of intervention implemented in the case studies, those are active restoration (include replanting), passive restoration (focus on protection and depend on natural regeneration), model business development and strengthening the community institution. Case studies analysis suggested that combination of four type of interventions helps to achieve both aims of CBMR which are restored mangrove and improved livelihood.
Adaptive business model development for community-based peatland restoration in Riau
Authors: Puspitaloka D , Purnomo H , Juniyanti L , Andrianto A , Kusumadewi S D , Okarda B , Zulkardi  , Dermawan A
Published: March 2024

Livelihood on peatland often involves unsustainable practices such as drainage and extraction, causing peatland degradation. Indonesia’s peatland restoration approach therefore includes interventions for livelihood revitalization and transformation. This paper describes lessons learned in facilitating sustainable livelihood transitions for restoring peatland using the Sustainable Business Model for Communities (SBMC) canvas as a tool. We utilized Participatory Action Research (PAR) methods, where we engaged in intensive focus group discussions, surveys and facilitation of the action or implementation of the business model. SBMC is a useful tool that facilitates the community mapping their ideas and exercising collective action for restoring peatland while generating green business for the community groups in Siak Regency, Riau Province. Our finding suggests that to successfully transform peatland practices and restore ecosystems, a business model should balance economic motives with restoration objectives, enhance community collective action, improve transparency, and increase adaptability. Embracing uncertainty and complexity in community-based peatland restoration can provide an opportunity for learning and improving the community’s business model. Viewing business model development as an iterative process enables the community group to revisit and refine their model in response to landscape adaptation.
Domestication of Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae) to provide food from peatlands
Authors: Tata H L , Rachmanadi D , Suwarno A , van der Meer P , Hein L
Published: March 2024

Euterpe oleracea (Arecaceae), which is known as Acai, is a palm tree originating from swampy forest of Suriname. Acai is naturally distributed in swampy, sandy soil, river edges and seasonally flooded habitats; hence it is considered as paludiculture species. Acai’s domestication study in Indonesia is limited, therefore our study aimed to assess morphology and germination of Acai’s seeds in the nursery, and early growth performance in the field. Acai’s seed diameter was ranging from 0.88±0.01 cm; seed wet weight was 1.19±0.31 g. Acai seeds germinated for up to 5-7 months. Soaked seeds in warm water overnight had 8.33% germination rate, while soaked seeds in tap water overnight had lesser germination rates (1.75%). After one year transplanted to a peat swamp forest ecosystem of Tumbang Nusa, Central Kalimantan, Acai’s seedlings had 100% survival rate. The relative growth rate of height and diameter of Acai seedlings were 4.21 cm month−1 and 0.08 cm month−1, respectively. Acai seedlings survived floodings that occurred in November 2021 to March 2022. The water level was around -35.6 to 17.7 cm. Despite of some challenging, açai is a promising species to be domesticated on degraded peatlands.
Physico-chemical properties of multifloral honey Apis dorsata and monofloral honey of bees Apis mellifera
Authors: Adalina Y , Mulyati A H , Oktasari D , Prayoga P
Published: March 2024

Physicochemical properties of honey as one of the information about the quality of honey. The type of bee, geographic location, and type of vegetation the source of the honey bee feed influence the physico-chemical properties of honey. This study aims to determine the physico-chemical properties of multifloral honey of Apis dorsata bees and monofloral honey of Apis mellifera bees. The honey samples for this study consisted of 4 multifloral honey samples and 4 monofloral honey samples. Physicochemical parameters of honey include water content, color, pH, acidity, reducing sugars, and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. The results of the analysis showed that most of the research honey had a water content above the SNI 8664-2018 standard. Honey that has high levels is easy to ferment and to overcome this by lowering the water content of honey through a dehumidifier. Monofloral honey has an intensity value of 47 to 143 mm Pfund, while multifloral honey has 74 to 100 mm Pfund. The pH value of honey ranges from 3.5 to 4.5. The level of acidity, reducing sugar content, and HMF content of all honey samples in the study complied with SNI-8664. There are differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of multifloral honey and monofloral honey.
The Influence of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) essential oils on the growth of Rhizoctonia sp. in vitro
Authors: Firmansyah M A , Istikorini Y , Syifaudin I S , Riskiyah S
Published: March 2024

Rhizoctonia sp. is a soil-borne pathogen that causes damping-off in various forestry plant seedlings. Using plant-based pesticides is a disease control solution that is more environmentally friendly than chemical pesticides. Essential oil is a component that can be used as a biopesticide because it contains antifungal properties, such as the compounds in patchouli and turmeric essential oils. This study examines the inhibition of patchouli and turmeric essential oils and their combinations with various concentrations on the growth of the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia sp. in vitro. Observations were made using patchouli, turmeric, and a combination of patchouli and turmeric essential oil with concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) and PDB (Potato Dextrose Broth). The in vitro pathogen inhibition test results showed that the type and concentration of oil in PDA significantly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia sp.. In contrast with PDB, only oil concentration significantly inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia sp.. The combination of patchouli and turmeric essential oils with a concentration of 10% on PDA and turmeric essential oil with a concentration of 10% on PDB showed the highest inhibitory response.
Estimation of genetic parameter for growth of one year old Swietenia macrophylla King. progeny trial in Trenggalek, East Java
Authors: Cahyono D D N , Mashudi  , Baskorowati L , Susanto M , Hendrati R L , Nurtjahjaningsih ILG , Sulistiadi H B S , Pudjiono S , Setiadi D , Sumardi
Published: March 2024

After being introduced to Indonesia, Swietenia macrophylla King. has since been widely planted for community and plantation forests in several locations. This study was carried out to ascertain the growth variation, heritability, and genetic correlation of the 1-year-old S. macrophylla progeny trial in Trenggalek, East Java. This progeny trial was designed of incomplete block design (IBD), and the plant materials are 50 families from Banjar-Ciamis, Samigaluh-Kulonprogo, Dlingo-Bantul, Bondowoso-East Java, and Lombok-West Nusa Tenggara. Three individuals were planted in line tree plot for each family, repeated 6 times with a spacing of 4m x 2m. According to the findings, the Bondowoso land race had the best growth with a height and stem diameter of 0.81 m and 1.12 cm, respectively. Families’ varying heights were divided into 14 groups, and the stem diameter was divided into 13 groups. The stem diameter has individual and family heritabilities of 0.23 (moderate) and 0.53 (moderate), respectively, whereas the height’s individual and family heritabilities are 0.39 (high) and 0.65 (high), respectively. Height and stem diameter showed a positive and strong of genetic correlation (0.90).
The growth tree saplings Shorea platyclados with various shades and NPK fertilizer
Authors: Rangkuti A B , Hartini K S , Andini S W , Indriani F , Irmayanti L
Published: March 2024

Shorea platyclados, known to the public as Meranti Bukit, is one of the species whose existence is difficult to find, so efforts are needed for its preservation, namely by propagation techniques with natural saplings that are expected to produce optimal growth.S. platyclados, including types that can grow with a light intensity of 30–50% and therefore require shade for early growth, needs NPK fertilizer to get optimal growth. This study aims to obtain the appropriate dose of NPK fertilizer and optimum light requirements for the growth of natural saplings by measuring the percent of life, height, diameter, and number of leaves. The design used is a random group design (rack) with 5 additional treatments of NPK fertilizer doses, namely control (0 gr), 0.25 gr, 0.50 gr, 0.75 gr, and 1 gr, and 4 shade blocks, namely without shade (0%), shade 50%, shade 60%, and shade 70%. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer significantly affected the number of leaves. The result is an increase in the number of leaves at a dose of 1 g with a value of 17 (strands) and 0.75 g with a value of 15 (strands). The provision of shade blocks has a significant effect on the diameter parameters. The best result is an increase in diameter at 70% shade, with an average diameter of 1,984 mm. NPK fertilizer application shows a 100% life percentage, and shade application shows a 100% life percentage.
Growth response of Podocarpus blumei seedling to slow-release fertilizer in the nursery
Authors: Dewi R , Prameswari D , Adalina Y
Published: March 2024

Podocarpus blumei which is known as local adaptive species that produce high biomass and is suitable for rehabilitation, especially in the gold mining area. One of the factors that support of plantation is availability of the seedlings. The good quality of seedlings depends not only on plant genetics but also on seedlings’ treatment. The research aims to determine the effect on plants after being given slow-release NPK fertilizer. The design used in this research is a complete randomized design with a single factor and continued with variance statistic test and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). There are five experimental units with three repetitions. In general plant growth varies, and the effect of NPK slow-release fertilizer is not significantly different from the control. The Research results of P3 (1,5 gram) showed the best performance of Podocarpus blumei with parameters height (3,41 cm), diameter (0,42 cm), and leaves number (6,67). In conclusion, slow-release fertilizer could stimulate the growth of Podocarpus blumei seedling in the nursery.
An alternative Silvicultural approach in managing logged-over forests
Authors: Pamoengkas P
Published: March 2024

Based on the reality of production forest management so far, logged-over forest improvement activities generally have received less attention, giving rise to the notion that the management of logged-over areas is not being taken seriously. In general, regeneration and maintenance of remaining stands as a component of the silvicultural system has not been carried out. Silviculturists must address these developments and respond to rapidly changing expectations and global paradigm shifts in how forests are viewed. Silviculturists are challenged to develop silvicultural practices, including silvicultural systems that support the function and dynamics of forest ecosystems, and maintain biodiversity and ecosystem resilience while providing needed wood and non-timber products. In the context of production forest management, the adaptation differences of commercially valuable species in terms of their position in the natural vegetation development stage can be used as a consideration in the development of silvicultural system determination. Thus, the choice of silvicultural system to be applied reflects the condition of the forest. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by several aspects, including selective cutting, diversity, and combination of mixed species with natural regeneration, and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.
Heartfelt Being with
Authors: Darwall Stephen
Published: March 2024

Personal loving relations involve relatings. Their heartfelt quality consists in openings of friends’ and lovers’ hearts in the hope that the other’s will be open to one in return. Heartfelt relating involves not just communication of propositions about feelings, but communication of emotions and feelings themselves, so that through them we are able to feel the other person. Although the communication of feeling need not be in one another’s presence, this is obviously preferable, understanding “presence” sufficiently broadly to include the joy we can hear, for example, in another’s voice over the phone, or the sadness we can see in their eyes on a screen. Chapter 8 investigates what is necessary to be with others in a way that makes one and them emotionally present to one another. What this involves is less spatiotemporal contiguity than mutual openness of hearts.
Why Religious Freedom is a Human Right
Authors: Philpott Daniel
Published: March 2024

This essay presents a fresh defense of the human right of religious freedom. It addresses two versions of skepticism of this human right, one a liberal variant, which questions religious freedom’s distinctiveness, the other a post-modern variant, which questions religious freedom’s universality. The case for a universal and distinct human right of religious freedom rests upon the claim that religion is a basic human good, manifesting human dignity and warranting a human right. The essay details four respects in which religion fulfills the meaning of a basic human good. Religion is a purposive set of acts, or practices; is a definable phenomenon whose core meaning is right relationship with a superhuman power; entails both an intrinsic good and derivate goods; and is universal in its scope. Finally, crucial to the human right of religious freedom is religion’s interiority, that is, its critical involvement of will, mind, and heart.
Exploring the relationship between solitary drinking and living without other adults on alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mojica-Perez Yvette , Willoughby Bree , Anderson-Luxford Dan , Wilkinson Claire , Kuntsche Emmanuel , Callinan Sarah , Ritter Alison
Published: March 2024

Aims

The COVID-19 pandemic presents the opportunity to learn about solitary drinking as many people were forced to spend time at home. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between solitary drinking and living without other adults on alcohol consumption.

Methods

A longitudinal study with four survey waves (between May and November 2020) obtained seven-day drinking diary data from Australian adults living in New South Wales. In May, a convenience sample of 586 participants (Mage = 35.3, SD = 14.8; 65.3% women) completed the first wave. Participants then completed a survey in June (n = 319, 54.4% response rate), July/August (n = 225, 38.4% response rate), and November (n = 222, 37.9% response rate). Information about alcohol consumption including risky drinking (more than four drinks on one occasion), household structure, solitary drinking, and demographics were collected. We conducted random-effects panel bivariate and multivariable regression analyses predicting the number of standard drinks and risky drinking.

Results

Participants with solitary drinking occasions consumed more and had more risky drinking occasions than participants with no solitary drinking occasions, which was also found to be the case during lockdown. Living without other adults was associated with less consumption and less risky drinking than living with other adults. However, participants who lived without other adults and had frequent solitary drinking occasions (solitary drinking in >50% drinking occasions) reported more consumption than participants without a solitary drinking occasion.

Conclusions

Individuals who consume alcohol alone and live without other adults or spend long periods of time at home may be more at risk of alcohol-related harm.
O150: Perforator Related Risk Factors for Perfusion Related Complications in DIEP Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Suhail Dernas , Faderani Ryan , Akali Augustine
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Despite advancements in DIEP flap breast reconstruction, perfusion related complications (PRCs) remain a concern. Such complications can negatively affect the aesthetic outcome, necessitate revisional surgery and delay adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of perforator diameter, perforator row, and shortest distance between perforator and flap edge on the development of PRCs.

Methods

Prospectively kept data was retrospectively analysed for consecutive patients who underwent unilateral DIEP flap breast reconstruction from January 2008 to January 2023. Significant risk factors (p < 0.05) in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis to identify risk factors for PRCs. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to identify the critical shortest distance between perforator and flap edge distinguishing PRCs.

Results

292 cases of unilateral DIEP flap breast reconstruction were identified, with a mean patient age of 52.6 years. PRCs occurred in 65 (22.3%) cases. Multivariate logistic regression identified shortest distance between perforator and flap edge to have a significant impact on the incidence of PRCs. ROC curve analysis found the critical shortest distance between perforator and flap edge distinguishing PRCs to be 42.5mm.

Conclusions

Our study shows that the shortest distance between perforator and flap edge is the strongest predictor for PRCs in DIEP flap breast reconstruction. As several perforator related factors come into consideration when designing and performing DIEP flap breast reconstruction, our findings can guide surgeons in this decision making.