bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hiper-realismo, autorrepresentação e meios de produção: um ensaio de conceituação do cinema periférico
Authors: Gonçalves Josianne Diniz
Published: February 2021

O cinema entendido como um meio de comunicação capaz de subverter ou consolidar imaginários é ainda mais desafiador quando realizado em ambientes periféricos. Este artigo propõe uma reflexão analítica sobre os conceitos existentes sobre cinema periférico. Com eixos de articulação teórica, revisita diferentes perspectivas, tais como: cinema de bordas, cinema de periferia e cinema sobre periferia. Aborda algumas problemáticas específicas e relacionadas ao que compreendemos como cinema periférico, as quais perpassam o hiperrealismo, a autorrepresentação e os meios de produção audiovisuais. Metodologicamente, subsidiado pela revisão de literatura e amparado pela técnica do ensaio, o trabalho exercita a elaboração de um conceito próprio de cinema periférico, dialogando com as várias compreensões abordadas ao longo da pesquisa.
O que podemos aprender com o pensamento mítico presente nas obras clássicas?
Authors: Viana André Luiz Pullig
Published: February 2021

As obras clássicas oferecem farto material que nos ajuda a entender o pensamento mítico e sua influência até os nossos dias. Diametralmente à razão, esse pensamento oferece ao homem a confiança de que suas ações podem ser preponderantes às respostas do mundo natural, além de fixar modelos para todas as funções e atividades humanas. O mito, portanto, é uma atribuição de sentido ao mundo, apoiado no efeito psicológico e na imaginação humana, capaz de infligir ao homem acomodação em seu habitat, enquanto parte de um grupo social. Por meio da existência dos outros ele se afirma e essa afirmação se dá não somente por meio da sua razão, também, por meio das suas crenças. Este trabalho pretende, dessa forma, apresentar o que podemos aprender com pensamento mítico presente nas obras clássicas.

Palavras-chaves: Clássico. Mito. Pensamento.
A memória do telejornalismo: transformações ecnológicas e culturais do arquivamento, acesso e uso do arquivo de imagem da internet
Authors: Souza José Jullian Gomes de
Published: February 2021

Esta pesquisa explana sobre as transformações nos processos de preservação da memória do telejornalismo, objetivando compreender o arquivamento, acesso e uso da imagem telejornalística no âmbito on-line. O objetivo geral é identificar as transformações, desafios e oportunidades das inovações tecnológicas, frente ao processo histórico de suportes de armazenamento audiovisual. A metodologia perpassa uma abordagem qualitativa, pesquisa bibliográfica e estratégia de pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, discorrendo sobre essas transformações e apresentando o Projeto Memória Globo como um lugar de memória audiovisual e jornalístico no universo digital. Identifica-se que os processos de arquivamento, acesso e uso das imagens têm passado por um processo de ressignificação das mídias analógicas para as mídias digitais.
A desertificação midiático-esportiva do Mato Grosso do Sul: primeiras análises e reflexões sobre a cobertura jornalística do esporte local
Authors: D'auria Breno Brey , Salerno Marina Brasiliano , Santos Silvan Menezes dos
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como a construção noticiosa sobre esporte no Mato Grosso do Sul contribui para o processo de desertificação midiático-esportiva da região. Recolhemos notícias de três portais de notícias do estado durante os Jogos Pan-americanos e Jogos Parapan-americanos de 2019. Mapeamos 77 notícias relacionadas ao primeiro e 21 notícias referentes ao segundo evento. Codificamo-las e submetemos para leitura pelo programa estatístico Iramuteq, com complemento analítico sobre autoria e enquadramento das notícias. A partir das análises, observamos 65,7% das notícias com replicação de conteúdos de agências e 78,6% delas com enquadramento nacional ou global. Notamos, então, a tendência de desertificação midiático-esportiva da região, muito influenciada pelo subdesenvolvimento esportivo local.
O custo da notícia: as relações de trabalho e estabilidade financeira dos coletivos de jornalismo da periferia de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Caroline Pasternack Pereira dos
Published: February 2021

O artigo a seguir busca entender como acontecem as relações de trabalho e o financiamento entre os coletivos de jornalismo alternativo e seus colaboradores. O recorte da pesquisa são coletivos da periferia de São Paulo. Para procurar encontrar dados que nos auxiliem a responder e debater o assunto, escolhemos a Agência Mural, que cobre o cotidiano das periferias da capital paulista e da região metropolitana. Buscamos, através de entrevistas com alguns integrantes, entender como acontece essas relações de trabalho e como está a estabilidade e saúde financeira desses veículos.
Educação Guarani e interculturalidade: a(s) História(s) Nhandeva e o Teko
Authors: Benítes Sandra
Published: February 2021

O povo guarani foi um dos primeiros da América do Sul aos quais se impôs um processo de educação formal durante o período colonial, com as missões jesuíticas. Até hoje, esse processo continua desconsiderando o conhecimento e os modos próprios da educação dos povos indígenas. Este artigo propõe a discussão da interculturalidade no espaço da escola indígena, tendo em conta as relações entre a educação guarani e o sistema de ensino do Estado brasileiro. Por meio da explicitação do lugar das narrativas e dos conhecimentos tradicionais na educação dos guarani, mostra-se a necessidade de se repensar as práticas pedagógicas das escolas interculturais indígenas e de reinterpretar a noção de interculturalidade a partir de uma visão centrada no diálogo com a diferença.
Dispositivo Semiótico e Investigación Glotopolítica: Relato de Experiencias de Vivir entre-lenguas.
Authors: Daviña Liliana Silvia
Published: February 2021

En el artículo, entrelazamos las instancias de exposición teórico-metodológica -inscriptas en los cruces disciplinares de los estudios discursivos, semióticos y glotopolíticos-con materiales documentales de un corpus mayor. En primera instancia, un entramado de nociones para situarnos en el lugar de este estudio - Misiones en la región sudamericana-; seguidamente se exponen algunos aspectos relevantes del dispositivo de trabajo que permitió analizar e interpretar discursivamente lazos semióticos entre memoria y presente entre-lenguas. Los contrapuntos testimoniales no sólo exponen las operaciones de sentido sino subrayan tendencias y correlatos glotopolíticos marcados en la experiencia de vivir entre-lenguas en vecindarios fronterizos sudamericanos (Misiones, Argentina).
A Língua Espanhola no Brasil: ruptura e resistência do elo língua-cultura
Authors: Sousa Greice de Nóbrega e
Published: February 2021

Tendo como bases teóricas a Análise do Discurso e a interface que estabelecemos com a Glotopolítica, o presente artigo traz considerações sobre a relação sujeito brasileiro/língua espanhola (LE). A partir do levantamento dos processos históricos relativos à expansão da LE nos anos 1990, analisamos como certas ideologias linguísticas operam a ruptura do elo língua-cultura, enquanto as ações de políticas linguísticas desenvolvidas no Brasil caminham na direção de reforçar tal elo. Em nossas análises consideramos que esse reforço ocorre devido a como os sujeitos/sentidos se configuram nesse processo e como o discurso pedagógico sobre a LE se constitui como instrumento de resistência às investidas tutelares espanholas que tendem ao achatamento da língua.
Jum, el indio impensable de La casa verde y de Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Cabel Andrea
Published: February 2021

Este artículo es una lectura desde los estudios postcoloniales y subalternos realizados sobre La casa verde (1966), segunda novela del escritor peruano Mario Vargas Llosa. Proponemosexplorar y desarrollar dos mecanismos de agencia de Jum, el cacique aguaruna: el primero es la lucha por la creación de una cooperativa indígena y el segundo es lo que consideramos un discurso del cuerpo. A partir de ambas estrategias, sostenemos que Jum descentra y sorprende a los personajes de la novela y al narrador, pues propone una autorrepresentación alejada de las tradicionales configuraciones orientalistas. Para demostrar esta hipótesis, nos centraremos en dos conceptos teóricos: lo impensable y una relectura de la desfamiliarización. Finalmente, plantearemos que la importancia novelesca y teórica de Jum radica en que, al encarnar un paradigma complejo de la indigenidad amazónica, problematiza el mero ejercicio de violencia hacia el Otro.
El mito gaucho y la construcción de las identidades nacionales: proyecciones en traducciones y reescrituras extranjeras del Martín Fierro
Authors: Iriarte Sara
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar las proyecciones del mito gaucho, fundante de la identidad nacional argentina, en traducciones y reescrituras angloamericanas, brasileñas e italianas del Martín Fierro de José Hernández. Partiendo del presupuesto de que todo proyecto nacionalista debe definir su relación con lo extranjero, se analizan las derivaciones y resignificaciones del mito gaucho atendiendo especialmente a la construcción de las identidades por dentro y por fuera del binomio nacional-extranjero. El análisis del corpus, conformado por traducciones y reescrituras de los traductores, permitió constatar las distintas retóricas del mito gaucho que permean las reescrituras extranjeras de la obra de Hernández. Evidenció, asimismo, una confluencia de imágenes de la identidad argentina y de la propia comunidad receptora de la obra.
Voces femeninas en la guerra de independencia de Cuba: Lila de Luáces y Eva Adán de Rodríguez
Authors: Camacho Jorge
Published: February 2021

During the war of independence in Cuba, which started in 1868 and lasted ten years, a number of texts appeared in Cuba and the United States detailing the conflict. All of these texts were written by men with the exception of one, published in the US, that was written by a woman. In this article I discuss this testimony and I compare it with another one published in Cuba after the war, also written by another female survivor. I discuss the way violence and the self is represented in these narrations, and most importantly how they build an archive of deeds to criticize Spain’s official (hi)story of the Cuban conflict.
Síntesis temática del IV Congreso Latinoamericano de Glotopolítica
Authors: Bein Roberto
Published: February 2021

El siguiente texto se propone brindar un panorama global de los temas tratados en el congreso; se basa en apuntes tomados de las ponencias. Para ello realiza tres clasificaciones que ordenen los temas y, al mismo tiempo, se complementen para que permitir inteligir en cierta medida qué rumbos de la glotopolítica importan más a los investigadores latinoamericanos, de los que este congreso constituye, creemos, una muestra representativa del conjunto. Las clasificaciones propuestas son a) las exposiciones ya como defensa de la heterogeneidad, ya como resistencia a la homogeneización; b) una división temática en aspectos teóricos –se destacan algunos conceptos nuevos o redefinidos–, ideas sobre el lenguaje, análisis de situaciones concretas y propuestas político-lingüísticas; c) la articulación en una vertiente de política y planificación lingüísticas –incluyendo actores no estatales–, y en una de estudios político-ideológicos de, como dicen Guespin y Marcellesi, “todos los hechos de lenguaje donde la acción de la sociedad reviste la forma de lo político”, estudios que se realizan sobre todo mediante el análisis del discurso. A continuación, esta síntesis destaca enfoques comunes que manifestaron los expositores, y cierra con algunos temas que no o apenas fueron tratados y que se podrían desplegar en el próximo congreso.
Revisiting and Implementing the Weber and Ventilatory Functional Classifications in Heart Failure by Cardiopulmonary Imaging Phenotyping
Authors: Guazzi Marco , Borlaug Barry , Metra Marco , Losito Maurizio , Bandera Francesco , Alfonzetti Eleonora , Boveri Sara , Sugimoto Tadafumi
Published: February 2021

Background

In heart failure, the exercise gas exchange Weber (A to D) and ventilatory classifications (VC‐1 to VC‐4) historically define disease severity and prognosis. However, their applications in the modern heart failure population of any left ventricular ejection fraction combined with hemodynamics are undefined. We aimed at revisiting and implementing these classifications by cardiopulmonary exercise testing imaging.

Methods and Results

269 patients with heart failure with reduced (n=105), mid‐range (n=88) and preserved (n=76) ejection fraction underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing imaging, primarily assessing the cardiac output (CO), mitral regurgitation, and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/CO slope. Within both classes, a progressively lower exercise CO, higher mPAP/CO slopes, and mitral regurgitation (
P
<0.01 all) were observed. After adjustment for age and sex, Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that Weber (hazard ratio [HR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8–4.7;
P
<0.001) and ventilatory classes (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–2.0;
P
=0.017) were independently associated with outcome. The best stratification was observed when combining Weber (A/B or C/D) with severe ventilation inefficiency (VC‐4) (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6–4.8;
P
<0.001). At multivariable analysis the best hemodynamic determinants of peak oxygen consumption and ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope were CO (β‐coefficient, 0.72±0.16;
P
<0.001) and mPAP/CO slope (β‐coefficient, 0.72±0.16;
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

In the contemporary heart failure population, the Weber and ventilatory classifications maintain their prognostic ability, especially when combined. Exercise CO and mPAP/CO slope are the best predictors of peak oxygen consumption and ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope classifications representing the main targets of interventions to impact functional class and, likely, event rate.
Ascorbic Acid Prevents Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Electronic Hookah (Waterpipe) Vaping
Authors: Rezk‐Hanna Mary , Seals Douglas R. , Rossman Matthew J. , Gupta Rajat , Nettle Charlie O. , Means Angelica , Dobrin Daniel , Cheng Chiao‐Wei , Brecht Mary‐Lynn , Mosenifar Zab , Araujo Jesus A. , Benowitz Neal L.
Published: February 2021

Background

Electronic hookah (e‐hookah) vaping has increased in popularity among youth, who endorse unsubstantiated claims that flavored aerosol is detoxified as it passes through water. However, e‐hookahs deliver nicotine by creating an aerosol of fine and ultrafine particles and other oxidants that may reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide and impair endothelial function secondary to formation of oxygen‐derived free radicals.

Methods and Results

We examined the acute effects of e‐hookah vaping on endothelial function, and the extent to which increased oxidative stress contributes to the vaping‐induced vascular impairment. Twenty‐six healthy young adult habitual hookah smokers were invited to vape a 30‐minute e‐hookah session to evaluate the impact on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). To test for oxidative stress mediation, plasma total antioxidant capacity levels were measured and the effect of e‐hookah vaping on FMD was examined before and after intravenous infusion of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (n=11). Plasma nicotine and exhaled carbon monoxide levels were measured before and after the vaping session. Measurements were performed before and after sham‐vaping control experiments (n=10). E‐hookah vaping, which increased plasma nicotine (+4.93±0.92 ng/mL,
P
<0.001; mean±SE) with no changes in exhaled carbon monoxide (−0.15±0.17 ppm;
P
=0.479), increased mean arterial pressure (11±1 mm Hg,
P
<0.001) and acutely decreased FMD from 5.79±0.58% to 4.39±0.46% (
P
<0.001). Ascorbic acid infusion, which increased plasma total antioxidant capacity 5‐fold, increased FMD at baseline (5.98±0.66% versus 9.46±0.87%,
P
<0.001), and prevented the acute FMD impairment by e‐hookah vaping (9.46±0.87% versus 8.74±0.84%,
P
=0.002). All parameters were unchanged during sham studies.

Conclusions

E‐hookah vaping has adverse effects on vascular function, likely mediated by oxidative stress, which overtime could accelerate development and progression of cardiovascular disease.

Registration

URL:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT03690427.
Global Universal Values and the Dialog among Civilizations
Authors: Smakotina Natalia , Aleshkovski Ivan , Gasparishvili Alexander
Published: February 2021

The article explores the extent to which experts from different countries share the same axiological approaches with regard to the dialogue among civilizations and international cooperation at governmental and grass-roots levels. The article shows how subject matter experts provide collaborative input into the features and limits that shape global universal values. Interactions among civilizations promoting their equality and partnership as opposed to clashes should be at the heart of the transformations of values. Such transformations are expected to foster mutual exchange and enrichment achieved through a deeper understanding of the inevitability of increasing global interconnectedness and mutual dependence.
Atrocity Crimes in Xinjiang: Moving beyond Legal Labels
Authors: Ryan Sophie
Published: February 2021

This article considers the legal tests for establishing genocide and crimes against humanity in relation to the situation in Xinjiang. It suggests that the currently available evidence is likely sufficient to establish atrocity crimes and that the situation in Xinjiang requires urgent international attention, regardless of the precise legal label applied to it.
United Nations’ Response to Mass Atrocities in China
Authors: Kourt Nadira
Published: February 2021

The Chinese authorities are carrying out a multidimensional campaign of repression of the Uighurs and other Muslim communities in Xinjiang, which may amount to crimes against humanity and genocide. These ongoing crimes require urgent attention and response of the international community, including the United Nations (UN). To counter China’s great influence within the organisation, all avenues need to be explored to protect minorities in Xinjiang.
Sinitic Brushtalk in Vietnam’s Anti-Colonial Struggle against France: Phan Bội Châu’s Silent Conversations with Influential Chinese and Japanese Leaders in the 1900s
Authors: Hoàng-Thân Nguyễn , Tuấn-Cường Nguyễn
Published: February 2021

The Chronicles of Phan Sào Nam, written by Phan Bội Châu in Literary Sinitic in 1929, recorded about one hundred “silent conversations” by means of Sinitic brushtalk between Phan, the Đông Du (Go East) group, and people from numerous countries during the 1900s. Through brushtalk with influential Japanese and Chinese leaders, Phan discussed many crucial and critical issues concerning the anti-colonial struggle against France and the national liberation movement in Vietnam. Because many of the issues discussed were politically sensitive, there was a need for secrecy by restricting access to only the relevant interlocutors. For this reason, using brushtalk was felt to be more sensible than seeking help from interpreters. The contents of these “silent conversations” constitute a living testimony to the richness of discussions among East Asian political figures during this period. Various conceivable solutions to sociopolitical problems were put forward, in keeping with bilateral interests in the volatile and tumultuous diplomatic situation in East Asia at the dawn of a new century.
Integration, Biblical Counseling, and Hermeneutics
Authors: Hathaway William L.
Published: February 2021

Some have claimed that the integration project has adopted a lower view of Biblical inspiration. Yet, both Biblical counselors and evangelical integrationists typically hold to a high view of the authority of Scripture and may share the same adherence to Biblical inerrancy. This article argues that difference between how Biblical counseling and integration tends to engage Scripture in their counseling approaches is due less to their doctrines of Biblical authority than to their secondary hermeneutical and related theological views. A review of the author’s model of integration as a form of interpretative activity is provided. Implications for the sufficiency of Scripture doctrine, theological interpretation of Scripture, and integrative interpretative competency in reading Scripture are considered. The evangelical integration movement is fully compatible with a robust embrace of the historic sola scriptura view of Biblical authority but not the innovation represented by a solo scriptura view.
Scanning control based on real-time contact force feedback for ultrasonic thickness measurement
Authors: Liu Haibo , Li Xu , Bo Qile , Lian Meng , Li Te , Wang Yongqing
Published: February 2021

An effective contact force control strategy is of great significance for accurate and stable ultrasonic thickness on-machine measurement. However, it is difficult to adjust the contact force dynamically due to the uncertainty of the geometric characteristics of the measured workpiece. In this paper, a contact force control method based on the combination of adaptive impedance controller and sliding mode variable structure position controller is proposed. First, the control process with the force tracking impedance control and a normal contact force calculation model is established. Then, a force-position conversion model and a sliding mode variable structure controller are proposed. Further, a simulation with a typical S-shaped measured surface is given to show that the algorithm for controlling contact force can achieve good real-time tracking performance and has stronger robustness than traditional methods. Finally, an arc-shaped aluminum alloy thin-wall part thickness is sampled along the scan trajectory to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm for controlling contact force can quickly adjust the measuring device to the target position and maintain the stability of the normal contact force to ensure the accuracy of ultrasonic thickness on-machine measurement.
Sleep problems, attention, and classroom learning behaviors of Chinese elementary school children: The moderating role of gender
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Xu Qinmei , Cui Ming
Published: February 2021

The present study investigated (1) the mediating role of attention in the associations between children’s sleep problems and classroom learning behaviors in elementary school, and (2) the moderating role of gender in these associations. Results from structural equation modeling showed that children’s sleep problems had a significant and negative association with their attention level (β = –.08), and their attention level had a significant and positive association with their classroom learning behaviors (β = .20). The indirect effect of sleep problems on classroom learning behaviors, however, was not significant (β = .02). Gender of a child had significant moderating effects on the associations between sleep problems and attention level and between attention level and classroom learning behaviors. Related intervention programs can be implemented to reduce children’s sleep problems and to improve their academic performance.
Unsupervised extractive multi-document summarization method based on transfer learning from BERT multi-task fine-tuning
Authors: Lamsiyah Salima , Mahdaouy Abdelkader El , Ouatik Saïd El Alaoui , Espinasse Bernard
Published: February 2021

Text representation is a fundamental cornerstone that impacts the effectiveness of several text summarization methods. Transfer learning using pre-trained word embedding models has shown promising results. However, most of these representations do not consider the order and the semantic relationships between words in a sentence, and thus they do not carry the meaning of a full sentence. To overcome this issue, the current study proposes an unsupervised method for extractive multi-document summarization based on transfer learning from BERT sentence embedding model. Moreover, to improve sentence representation learning, we fine-tune BERT model on supervised intermediate tasks from GLUE benchmark datasets using single-task and multi-task fine-tuning methods. Experiments are performed on the standard DUC’2002–2004 datasets. The obtained results show that our method has significantly outperformed several baseline methods and achieves a comparable and sometimes better performance than the recent state-of-the-art deep learning–based methods. Furthermore, the results show that fine-tuning BERT using multi-task learning has considerably improved the performance.
COVID-19 pandemic distress among a sample of Italian psycho-oncologists: risk of isolation and loneliness
Authors: Costantini Anna , Mazzotti Eva , Serpentini Samantha , Piattelli Angela , Scarponi Dorella , De Benedetta Gabriella , Bellani Marco
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

To measure the prevalence and characteristics of distress and hope for the future among psycho-oncologists, who faced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency along with other healthcare workers.

Methods:

A web-based study was conducted among members of the Italian Society of Psycho-Oncology between May 29 and June 5, 2020.

Results:

A total of 237 members, aged 28–72 years, completed the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R), and HOPE questionnaires; 86.92% were female, 58.65% worked in hospitals, 21.10% were exposed to COVID-19, 11.39% experienced peritraumatic distress, and 3.38% had posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Peritraumatic distress was associated with living alone (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–8.13), using sleep remedies (AOR 3.79; 95% CI 1.41–10.21), and the perception of being avoided by family or friends because of work (AOR 2.69; 95% CI 1.02–7.11); high HOPE-Agency scores were associated with the absence of peritraumatic stress (AOR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16–0.96) after adjustment for age and sex.

Conclusions:

Psycho-oncologists showed greater resilience than other healthcare workers as they are trained to help others, but also to review their own values and behavior in light of stressful events. Of interest is the association between peritraumatic distress and social isolation, real or perceived. Healthcare institutions should pay attention to the mental well-being of their employees by promoting distress screening using simple tools such as the CPDI and implementing support interventions. Psycho-oncology associations should introduce policies aimed at developing a sense of social connectedness by providing an interactive system of orientation and scientific reference.
Arterial-Friendly Local Ramp Metering Control Strategy
Authors: Cheng Yao , Chang Gang-Len
Published: February 2021

To prevent local streets being blocked by overflowing on-ramp queues, a standard practice of ramp metering control is to restrain its function when a series of preset conditions are identified by on-ramp queue detectors. Such a trade-off between potential ramp queue spillback and the restraint resulting from the operation of metering control may often fail to either effectively mitigate bottlenecks caused by on-ramp waving or convince arterial users and local traffic agencies of the need for ramp metering operations. This study, therefore, presents an arterial-friendly local ramp metering system (named AF-ramp) that can achieve the target metering rate to produce optimal freeway conditions without ramp queues spilling back onto local streets. This is achieved by concurrently optimizing the signal plans for those intersections that send turning flows to the ramp. At this stage, this system has been developed for time-of-day control. It could also serve as the base module for extending to real-time control, or multi-ramp coordinated operations. The AF-ramp model, with its ability to optimize the arterial signals concurrently with the ramp metering rate, can ensure the best use of the capacity of local intersections and prevent any gridlock caused by overflows from on-ramp queue spillback or arterial turning traffic. With extensive simulation experiments, the evaluation results confirmed the AF-ramp model’s effectiveness in improving traffic conditions on both the freeway and its neighboring arterial links at the same time. This study has also introduced the real-time extension of the proposed model and a framework of a transition from the time-of-day control to fully responsive real-time operations.
Social Participation across Mid- and Later-life: Evidence from a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Vogelsang Eric M.
Published: February 2021

Despite the benefits of social participation for individuals and communities, little is known about how social participation varies over the life course. Drawing upon data collected between 1957 and 2011 by the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (22,023 observations from a cohort of 6,627), this study provides four valuable results. First, I find evidence of five distinct social participation trajectories; the majority of which demonstrate social disengagement as individuals age. Second, these decreases were primarily attributable to declines in meeting friends and group exercise. Third, the activities most likely to predict being a part of more-desirable trajectories were cultural event attendance, voluntary group membership, and joining charity groups. Last, I find that seven different types of high school activities were each associated with greater social activity counts, decades later. In total, these results highlight systematic differences in social participation trajectories and suggest that age-graded participation changes are highly dependent on the underlying social activities.
Development of models for the prediction of energy content of fresh municipal solid waste from an unsecured landfill in India
Authors: Siddiqui Faisal Zia , Faruqi M Humam Zaim , Pandey Suneel , Khan Mohd Emran
Published: February 2021

The enormous quantities of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Indian cities has emerged as a serious concern. In order to reduce the negative environmental impacts of MSW accumulation in dumpsites or unsecured landfills across India, various measures have been proposed to facilitate conversion of MSW into a valuable resource. One such measure is the immense potential for utilization of MSW as a source of energy. In this study, a comprehensive estimation of the energy potential of freshly dumped MSW has been conducted at a large unsecured landfill site in Okhla, Delhi, which is the capital city of India. Multiple regression models were developed to predict gross calorific value (GCV) and net calorific value (NCV) of MSW in terms of physical composition, proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of the waste. The developed models were found to give a reasonably good prediction of energy content of freshly dumped MSW in the landfill. Food waste, inerts, textile and paper were found to be the prime constituents of fresh MSW arriving at the landfill site. Based on the statistical analysis, volatile matter content and oxygen content of MSW were found to be non-significant terms in the energy content models derived using proximate analysis and ultimate analysis, respectively. The models developed in this study can be used to predict energy content of MSW at other landfill sites in India under similar climatic conditions and disposal practices.
Weight and body mass index increase after switch from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate-containing treatment in an antiretroviral therapy-experienced group
Authors: Łomiak Michał , Stępnicki Jan , Mikuła Tomasz , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja
Published: February 2021

Tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) is an alternative to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Currently, TAF is increasingly being used because of its non-inferior antiviral properties, lower risk of nephrotoxicity, and lower decrease in bone mineral density than TDF. There is growing evidence of unfavorable effects of TAF on weight and body mass index (BMI) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patients treated with TAF-based ART. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether switching from TDF-containing to TAF-containing ART is associated with an increase in BMI and body weight in ART-experienced patients. Two study groups were established: 32 patients who switched from TDF to TAF only and 68 patients who switched from TDF to TAF along with changes to other components of the ART regimen. Significant weight gain and BMI increase was observed during the first year after initiation of TAF-containing ART regimens in both groups (mean change +1.91 kg and +0.61 kg/m2 in the first group and +1.50 kg and +0.49 kg/m2 in the second group). During the second year of TAF-based treatment, a sustained trend of body weight and BMI increase was noted only in the second group (mean change +1.46 kg, + 0.46 kg/m2). Analysis of body weight changes in certain subpopulations from the second group (selected based on patients’ baseline characteristics) revealed a significant weight gain within two years after the switch in patients over 50 years old and in those whose ART had lasted longer than 10 years. These findings suggest that a possible impact of TAF on weight gain should be taken into account when selecting ART components, especially in older patients or those with a long history of antiretroviral treatment.
Relative risk aversion models: How plausible are their assumptions?
Authors: Barone Carlo , Barg Katherin , Ichou Mathieu
Published: February 2021

This work examines the validity of the two main assumptions of relative risk-aversion models of educational inequality. We compare the Breen-Goldthorpe (BG) and the Breen-Yaish (BY) models in terms of their assumptions about status maintenance motives and beliefs about the occupational risks associated with educational decisions. Concerning the first assumption, our contribution is threefold. First, we criticise the assumption of the BG model that families aim only at avoiding downward mobility and are insensitive to the prospects of upward mobility. We argue that the loss-aversion assumption proposed by BY is a more realistic formulation of status-maintenance motives. Second, we propose and implement a novel empirical approach to assess the validity of the loss-aversion assumption. Third, we present empirical results based on a sample of families of lower secondary school leavers indicating that families are sensitive to the prospects of both upward and downward mobility, and that the loss-aversion hypothesis of BY is empirically supported. As regards the risky choice assumption, we argue that families may not believe that more ambitious educational options entail occupational risks relative to less ambitious ones. We present empirical evidence indicating that, in France, the academic path is not perceived as a risky option. We conclude that, if the restrictive assumptions of the BG model are removed, relative-risk aversion needs not drive educational inequalities.
Race and Insurance Status Association With Receiving Orthopedic Surgeon-Prescribed Foot Orthoses
Authors: Stevens Trenton T. , Hartline Jacob T. , Ojo Oluwatosin , Grear Benjamin J. , Richardson David R. , Murphy G. Andrew , Bettin Clayton C.
Published: February 2021

Background:

This study looked at the effect of patient demographics, insurance status, education, and patient opinion on whether various orthotic footwear prescribed for a variety of diagnoses were received by the patient. The study also assessed the effect of the orthoses on relief of symptoms.

Methods:

Chart review documented patient demographics, diagnoses, and medical comorbidities. Eligible patients completed a survey either while in the clinic or by phone after their clinic visit.

Results:

Of the 382 patients prescribed orthoses, 235 (61.5%) received their orthoses; 186 (48.7%) filled out the survey. Race and whether or not the patient received the orthosis were found to be significant predictors of survey completion. Race, type of insurance, and amount of orthotic cost covered by insurance were significant predictors of whether or not patients received their prescribed orthoses. Type of orthosis, diabetes as a comorbidity, education, income, sex, and diagnosis were not significant predictors of whether the patient received the orthosis. Qualitative results from the survey revealed that among those receiving their orthoses, 87% experienced improvement in symptoms: 21% felt completely relieved, 66% felt better, 10% felt no different, and 3% felt worse.

Conclusion:

We found that white patients had almost 3 times the odds of receiving prescribed orthoses as black patients, even after controlling for type of insurance, suggesting race to be the primary driver of discrepancies, raising the question of what can be done to address these inequalities. While large, systematic change will be necessary, some strategies can be employed by those working directly in patient care, such as informing primary care practices of their ability to see patients with limited insurance, limiting blanket refusal policies for government insurance, and educating office staff on how to efficiently work with Medicare and Medicaid.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative study.
The Evaluation of APTT Reagents in Reference Plasma, Recombinant FVIII Products; Kovaltry® and Jivi® Using CWA, Including sTF/7FIX Assay
Authors: Wada Hideo , Shiraki Katsuya , Matsumoto Takeshi , Ohishi Kohshi , Shimpo Hideto , Sakano Yumi , Nishii Hiroko , Shimaoka Motomu
Published: February 2021

The FVIII activity in patients treated with several extended half-life FVIII (EHL-FVIII) agents different when various activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents were used. The present study examined the difference in clot waveform analysis (CWA) findings and FVIII activity when various APTT reagents and CWA were used. The CWA including FVIII activity was measured using 12 APTT reagents, and the FIX activation based on a small amount of tissue factor assay (sTF/FIX) were examined in reference plasma (RP), EHL-FVIII (Jivi®) and Kovaltry®. The 3 APTT reagents were associated with high variation in the peak time and height in the CWA when analyzing low concentrations of FVIII. The peak time and height could not be measured with one APTT reagent, and there were marked differences in the CWA findings between Jivi® and Kovaltry® among APTT reagents. Several APTT reagents showed a markedly lower FVIII activity with Jivi® than with Kovaltry®. In the FVIII assay, the peak time measured with sTF/FIX did not differ markedly between Jivi® and Kovaltry®; however, the FVIII activity in Jivi® (as measured by the peak height) tended to be higher than in Kovaltry®. The CWA findings for monitoring Jivi® varied for monitoring Jivi® depending on the APTT reagents used, and sTF/FIX assay may be able to measure the EHL-FVIII.
Phase 4 Safety and Efficacy Study of Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) in Previously Treated Chinese Patients With Severe/Moderately Severe Hemophilia A
Authors: Zhao Yongqiang , Hu Yu , Jin Jie , Zhao Xielan , Wang Xuefeng , Wu Runhui , Wu Depei , Yang Renchi , Yang Feng’e , Hu Qun , Wang Juan , Fang Hai , Engl Werner
Published: February 2021

Antihemophilic factor (recombinant) (rAHF; ADVATE®; Baxalta US Inc., a Takeda company, Lexington, MA, USA) is indicated for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of standard prophylaxis versus on-demand treatment with rAHF in previously treated Chinese patients with severe/moderately severe hemophilia A. This open-label, sequential, interventional, postapproval study (NCT02170402) conducted in China included patients of any age with hemophilia A with factor VIII (FVIII) level ≤2%. Patients received 6 months’ on-demand rAHF then 6 months’ rAHF prophylaxis (20-40 IU/kg every 48 ± 6 hours). The primary objective was percentage reduction in annualized bleeding rate (ABR) in the per-protocol analysis set (PPAS); secondary objectives included ABR by bleeding subtype, hemostatic efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. Of 72 patients who received ≥1 rAHF dose, 61 were included in the PPAS. Total ABR was lower during prophylaxis (mean 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-3.7; median 0) versus on-demand treatment (mean 58.3, 95% CI 52.5-64.7; median 53.9), representing a 95.9% risk reduction. Similar findings in favor of prophylaxis were observed for all types of bleeding event by cause and location. rAHF hemostatic efficacy was rated as “excellent”/“good” in 96.1% of treated bleeding events. Transient FVIII inhibitors (0.6-1.7 BU) in 4 patients resolved before study end; no unexpected safety issues were observed. rAHF prophylaxis in this study of previously treated Chinese patients with severe/moderately severe hemophilia A resulted in a clear reduction in bleeding events versus rAHF on-demand treatment, with no change in safety profile.
Diagnosis of Adult Onset Still’s Disease in a Patient Who has recovered from Coronavirus-19
Authors: Alshablan Abdullah , Jabbad Reem , Tayeb Sarah , Albeshri Tariq , Yelamanchili Suvarna Raju , Rabie Nada , Almutairi Fahdah , Samannodi Mohammed
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Adult Still’s disease (ASD) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder characterized by fevers, a salmon-colored rash, and arthritis. Cytokines storm syndrome related to Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) usually occur in acute period of COVID-19 and can mimic clinical features of ASD.

Case report:

We present a case of a 27-year-old male who was hospitalized in July 2020 due to fever, sore throat, multiple joint pain, and body rash for 2 weeks. Patient recovered from COVID-19 8 weeks ago but his nasopharyngeal SARS CoV-2 PCR was still positive on current hospitalization. Post COVID-19 cytokines storm syndrome post COVID-19 was suspected but after further assessment and investigations, diagnosis of ASD was established and patient was treated with corticosteroids therapy and had favorable outcome.

Conclusion:

During COVID-19 pandemic, diagnosis of many other diseases either were delayed or missed. We encourage all clinicians to have a broader differential diagnosis to improve patient care and outcome.
Early fault diagnosis of ball screws based on 1-D convolution neural network and orthogonal design
Authors: Yin Chen , Wang Yulin , He Yan , Liu Lu , Wang Yan , Yue Guannan
Published: February 2021

Ball screws, the most frequently used mechanical components to transform rotary motion into linear motion, can directly affect the precision and service life of engineering machines. Once the efficiency and accuracy of ball screws degrades, the performance and safety of machines are hard to guarantee. Conventional fault diagnosis researches of ball screws are mainly focused on ordinary faults such as preload loss and wear, and lack of the researches on early faults such as lubrication degradation which may progress into the ordinary faults. Additionally, the fault diagnosis models proposed in previous studies divide the fault diagnosis into two separated stages: feature extraction and fault classification, which prevents the usage for real-time applications. The specifically designed algorithm in features extraction stage may be also not workable on other objects. To tackle these drawbacks, this paper proposes a highly accurate early fault diagnosis model of ball screws based on a state-of-the-art deep learning technique, called One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1-D CNN). Experiments simulating the lubrication degradation of ball screws are specially designed for the early fault diagnosis of the ball screws. Moreover, a concise and efficient approach based on orthogonal design is exploited to scientifically obtain the optimal parameters of the 1-D CNN. The results of a case study verify the superiority of the proposed method in establishing a highly accurate 1-D CNN based fault diagnosis model.
The Rise of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Women of Northeast China
Authors: Wang Yihe , Newsome Gary S.
Published: February 2021

The women of China’s Liaoning province display some morbidities in ways that defy medical explanation. Women have higher rates of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than men, an anomaly for all three conditions. Most of these patients also suffer from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) while there was a negative association between being female and T2DM for the rest of China. Each of these conditions can exist independently, but the increase in both their rates and congruence is a recent phenomenon. Stranger still is that Liaoning women are now presenting in hospital emergency departments with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), while diabetics predominantly suffer more benign Non-STEMI (NSTEMI) events. Confounding factors in any attempt to study this phenomenon include trace metals like manganese that have been shown to reduce systolic blood pressure in Asian men and raise it in Asian women. Some of the phenomenon may also be associated with the gene for Apolipoprotein 5, but its recent nature suggests other factors besides lipid profiles. Trace metals in the air, water, and diet of Liaoning province, or any urban environment, could play a role.
Using Design Thinking to Explore Rural Experiential Education Barriers and Opportunities
Authors: Wolcott Michael D , McLaughlin Jacqueline E , Hubbard Devin K , Williams Charlene R , Kiser Stephanie N
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Design thinking is a creative problem-solving framework that can be used to better understand challenges and generate solutions in health professions education, such as the barriers to rural education. Rural education experiences can benefit students, providers, and patients; however, placement in and maintenance of rural education experiences offer unique challenges. Design thinking offers strategies to explore and address these challenges.

Methods:

This study used a design thinking framework to identify barriers of student placement in rural locations; this was accomplished using strategies to empathize with users (eg, students, practitioners, and administrators) and define the problem. Data were collected from focus groups, interviews, and a design thinking workshop. Design activities promoted participant discussion by drawing pictures, discussing findings, and creating empathy maps of student experiences. Qualitative data were analyzed to identify salient barriers to rural experience selection and opportunities for support.

Result:

Focus group (n = 6), interview (n = 13), and workshop participants (n = 18) identified substantial advantages (eg, exposure to a wider variety of patients, less bureaucracy and constraints, more time with faculty) and disadvantages (eg, isolation, lack of housing, and commuting distances) of rural experiences. Participants identified physical, emotional, and social isolation as a significant barrier to student interest in and engagement in rural experiences. Workshop participants were able to generate over 100 ideas to address the most prominent theme of isolation.

Discussion:

Design thinking strategies can be used to explore health professions education challenges, such as placement in rural settings. Through engagement with students, practitioners, and administrators it was identified that physical, social, and emotional isolation presents a significant barrier to student placement in rural experiences. This perspective can inform support systems for students, preceptors, and communities that participate in rural educational experiences.