bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The allocation scheme of distribution network’s emergency service stations based on feeder fault prediction results
Authors: Li Feng , Jiang Xingxin , Li Feng , Zheng Cheng , Wang Jiaren , Pan Weijie
Published: May 2021

In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and long time consuming to determine the location scattering of distribution network emergency service stations on account of geometric shortest path method, this paper proposes an optimal allocation scheme of distribution network emergency service stations based on feeder fault prediction results. In this method, the weight of feeder fault level is fully considered by constructing the optimization model of emergency service station in accordance with the prediction results of feeder fault, and the process parameters such as path congestion factor, path obstacle factor, feeder bending and twisting factor, weather influence factor and average speed of rush repair vehicles are applied to the location optimization model of emergency service station. Compared with the original method, this model can obtain the total time which significantly shortens the road time of rush repair, and leaves as much free time as possible for the subsequent fault repair stage.
A Summary of wearable textiles power generation
Authors: Tian HuQiang , Han Ding , Wang Bin
Published: May 2021

With the advent of a series of wearable devices such as Google Glass, electronic bracelets, etc, people have become more and more interested in wearable devices, but because of the short power supply period, the function is greatly limited. So the use of fabric to generate electricity has slowly come into the eyes of researchers, to understand the history of fabric power generation, this paper mainly analyzes and summarizes the methods of power generation for different types of fabrics from domestic and foreign research, and proposes corresponding solutions based on practical problems. Secondly, the impact of the choice of materials on the actual power generation, including output performance, output stability is further outlined.
Big Data Lean Evaluation of Transformer Operating Information
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhao Yaojun
Published: May 2021

Current status information of transformer is various and irregular. The difficult problem is how to reasonably analyze, process and comprehensive use the information. This paper, according to characteristics, repair strategies and management experience of transformers, extracts, integrates, optimizes and normalizes current status evaluation standards, and establishes a set of status accurate evaluation model based on transformer operating information with big data analysis and mining algorithm to get accurate portrayal of transform, so as to find out potential defects in time, and improve transformer control efficiency, operating stability and reliability. The operation in certain city shows the model could greatly reduce workload of status evaluation and save large amount of labor and equipment costs.
The fluorescence spectroscopic study on the interaction between 3-ethyl-benzothiazospironaphthopyran and bovine serum albumin
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Jianghua
Published: May 2021

The interaction of 3-ethyl-benzothiazospironaphthopyran (BSNP) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Firstly, the optimal experimental conditions, including medium, pH and ionic strength, were investigated. Secondly, the fluorescence titration experiments at 298 K, 306 K, and 313 K showed that the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA can be strongly quenched by the small organic molecule BSNP. The formation of a BSA-BSNP complex suggested that the fluorescence quenching mechanism may be a kind of static quenching procedure. Finally, the binding constants (K) and the ratio of fluorescence quantum yields of BSA-BSNP complex and free BSA (f) at three different temperatures were obtained. The values of the former were 7.91×104 L mol-1, 6.60×104 L mol-1, and 5.22×104 L mol-1. The values of the latter is 0.88, 0.98, and 1.00.
Preparation of a new Cu(II)-imprinted pyridine-functionalized silica gel sorbent and its adsorption characteristic
Authors: Guo Dongdong , Wang Guozheng , Cheng Zhigang , Zhao Lun , Xie Zhihai
Published: May 2021

A new sorbent of Cu(II)-imprinted pyridine-functionalized silica gel (Cu-IIP/SiO2) was prepared with molecular surface-imprinting technique for selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) of Cu(II). The Cu-IIP/SiO2 had better adsorption capacity and selectivity for Cu(II) then non-imprinnted polymer. The maximum static adsorption capacity for Cu(II) was 20.67 mg g-1 and 13.36 mg g-1 for the ion-imprinted and non-imprinted sorbents, respectively. The time of adsorption equilibrium was 10 min, and the quantitative desorption only needed 3 min with 0.1 mol L-1 HCl as the eluant. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm of the Cu-IIP/SiO2 were agreed with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model, respectively. The Cu-IIP/SiO2 was recycled ten times and the absorption capacity was no significant decrease.
Field Test and Discussion on Individualized Test Cycle of Water Injection Wells
Authors: Yu Yanan
Published: May 2021

As the oilfield enters the late development stage of ultra-high water cut, the number of separate layer water injection wells increases year by year, and the single well interval becomes finer and finer, which makes the test adjustment more difficult and the qualification rate of periodic test matching lower, and finally affects the decline of water injection qualification rate. In view of the above reasons, it is urgent to formulate a personalized test cycle. It is a major task to ensure the stable production of the oilfield to ensure the water injection, enough water injection, improve the quality of water injection, and ensure that the water drive oilfield development meets the program requirements at the injection end. In the past year, the influencing factors of water injection qualification rate of water drive separate layer wells have been analyzed, and the change law of inspection qualification rate has been explored. Through the demonstration of experimental work, the personalized test cycle is discussed. The original 4-month test cycle is shortened to 2 months, and the test cycle is extended for wells with 100% qualified rate, and the test cycle is shortened for wells with less than 80% qualified rate. The problems such as long inspection period, low qualified rate of water injection and difficult single well test and adjustment are solved. To achieve accurate water injection, and ultimately achieve the purpose of stabilizing oil and controlling water.
Hydraulic System Design of Temporary Support for Fast Excavation of Top Coal
Authors: Liu Jiansheng , Cheng Fuming , Guo Xinhong , Lu Zhongliang , Li Zongxiang
Published: May 2021

Aiming at the problems of long time-consuming auxiliary operation, low excavation efficiency, high labor intensity and poor production safety in mechanized excavation construction of coal roadway, a temporary support for rapid excavation of top coal in thick coal seam is developed. The support is composed of inner frame assembly, outer frame assembly, inner and outer outrigger oil cylinders, walking oil cylinder, deviation rectification oil cylinder, auxiliary frame, hydraulic pipeline and hydraulic system. Through the design of the hydraulic system of the temporary support for the fast excavation of top coal in thick coal seam, the working pressure of the hydraulic system is determined, the composition and working principle of the hydraulic control system are analyzed and designed, and the hydraulic cylinder of inner frame outrigger, the hydraulic cylinder of outer frame outrigger, the hydraulic cylinder of auxiliary frame, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder and the adjustable spring hydraulic cylinder of the temporary support for the fast excavation of top coal in thick coal seam are designed and verified. The temporary support for fast excavation of top coal in thick coal seam can timely support the new exposed roof cut by roadheader, protect the safety of personnel and equipment in the working space, shorten the working time of support, improve the working efficiency of excavation support, reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the production safety, accelerate the excavation speed of heading face, and improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises.
Multivariate load prediction method for integrated energy system based on CEEMD-LSTM
Authors: Zhang Wanjia , Huang Wei
Published: May 2021

Accurate load prediction is increasingly important for the economic dispatch of the integrated energy system. A multivariate load prediction method based on Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition and Long Short Term Memory network (CEEMD-LSTM) is raised. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the influencing factors, and the influencing factors with high correlation degree were screened out. CEEMD was used to decompose cold, heat and electric load sequences into the mean components of Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF), and the ones with highly related to load forecasting are screened and retained. The selected IMF mean components and influencing factors were input into the LSTM model for training and learning to obtain the final CEEMD-LSTM load forecasting model. The simulation results are verified by an integrated energy system in a province. Compared with other load forecasting methods, the proposed load forecasting method has higher prediction accuracy, and considers the difference between cold, heat, electric load and the correlation of influencing factors.
Research on the Coordinated control Strategy of fault crossing capability of offshore wind power multi-terminal flexible DC system
Authors: Zhang Mingyao , Gao Yixin , Lu Xiaoli , Yin Zhongdong
Published: May 2021

To improve the ride-through capability (RTC) of the multi-terminal offshore wind power flexible DC system in response to faults, this paper is based on the basic structure and control strategy of the voltage source converter (VSC) station of the multi-terminal offshore wind power flexible DC transmission system (MTDC), and aims at the AC grid connected to the system with three-phase short circuits and wind turbine output changes According to the situation, the mechanism of voltage drop caused by the fault is analyzed, and the DC chopper energy bleeder circuit is connected to the DC side to cooperate with the comprehensive control scheme for fault ride-through of multi-terminal offshore wind power flexible DC collection system. Through theoretical analysis and building a simulation model, the design of the control strategy of the flexible collection system and the simulation study of fault ride-through is carried out on the Shandong Peninsula Beihai Wind Farm. The results show that: the VSC station controller of the offshore wind power multi-terminal system can make the multi-terminal system wind power distribution and consumption reasonable, and realize the stable operation of the system.
A 1,2,3-triazole-based Chiral Fluorescence Sensor for the Sensitive Recognition of Ferric Ion
Authors: Wu Changzhi , Shi Huizhong , Huang Yan , Fu Muyun , Wang Huizhen , Zhang Yafeng , Sun Xiaoxia
Published: May 2021

A chiral fluorescent sensor containing (S)-BINOL and 1, 2, 3-triazole moieties was synthesized via through a nucleophilic substitution reaction and a click reaction with high total yield. The fluorescence responses of chiral compounds W1 and ferric ion were investigated by a fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence emission intensity of W1 at λ = 390 nm (λex = 300 nm) was quenched quickly upon the coordination with a ferric ion while other metal ions had no obvious change.
Indication Analysis of Magnetic Particle Testing on PH13-8Mo Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Authors: Luo Ning , Wang Shuzhi , Liu Guanghua
Published: May 2021

The abnormity indication which is detected using magnetic particle testing process of PH13-8Mo precipitation hardening stainless steel was analyzed, combine with the microstructure observation. The reason for the magnetic testing indication has been determined. Inhomogeneous microstructure is the main factor which causes the abnormal indication. The results provide an important basis for indication determinant in the magnetic particle testing process of martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel.
Contrast Research about Performance of PA1010 and HPb59-1 Isolator in Heavy Slewing Bearing
Authors: Huang Chuanhui , Zhang Lei , Song Bin
Published: May 2021

The performance of heavy slewing bearing isolator materials PA1010 and HPb59-1 mating for bearing steel GCr15 was investigated through experiments in this paper. The effects of applied load, sliding speed and lubricant on friction coefficient and wear loss of PA1010 and HPb59-1 were discussed. The damage mechanism and failure law of PA1010 and HPb59-1 isolators were analysed. The results show that the friction coefficient of PA1010 is lower than that of HPb59-1 and the wear loss of PA1010 is higher than HPb59-1. The influence of rotational speed on the tribological properties of HPb59-1 is obviously higher than that of PA1010. At the low sliding speed, the wear loss of these two materials changes more significantly with the change of load. The influence of coupling pair surface roughness on the tribological properties of PA1010 is significantly higher than that of HPb59-1. When the surface roughness of coupling steel ring increases from 0.2μm to 0.4μm, the growth rate of friction coefficient of PA1010 is 274.1% higher than that of HPb59-1, and the growth rate of wear loss is 25.5% higher than HPb59-1.
Study on plasma spraying graphite purification device
Authors: Li Jinmao , Song Chunlian , Lu Dandan , Huang Rui , Zhang Haobo
Published: May 2021

Given the problems in traditional graphite purification methods, such as low impurity removal efficiency; Using chemical purification method, the reagent is toxic and contaminated, which does not meet the environmental protection requirements; The physical purification method has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and high cost. The plasma spraying graphite purification method is proposed and its mechanism is studied. A prototype of the plasma spraying graphite purification device was assembled and developed. With the built purification device prototype as the research object, the state monitoring and comprehensive evaluation of the working gas flow, system working current, working voltage, carbon powder quantity, and other indicators are carried out. The change of impurity content in graphite was analyzed by the plasma spraying method under different index conditions. Experiments show that the graphite can be effectively purified by plasma spraying graphite purification method, and the carbon content is increased from 94.18% to 97.23%.
Optimization of Long-distance Oil Pipeline Production Operation Scheme
Authors: Gu Liming
Published: May 2021

XX oil pipeline is responsible for transporting crude oil from XX to XX refinery. According to the actual operating conditions of the pipeline, it is known that the pipeline operation scheduling plan is manually formulated based on experience, resulting in a large amount of waste of fuel energy and electrical energy. In order to improve the economic benefits of pipeline operation and reduce system energy consumption, it is of great practical significance to optimize the pipeline operation scheduling scheme. In order to reduce the deviation between theoretical calculation and actual data, the total heat transfer coefficient and hydraulic friction coefficient of the pipeline are corrected and fitted according to the principle of least square method, which effectively improves the accuracy of the calculation method. Take the minimum total energy consumption cost of the entire pipeline as the objective function, take the outbound temperature and pump combination scheme of the entire pipeline as the decision variables, and take the inbound temperature, outbound temperature, flow rate, heating furnace heat load, and pump unit characteristics as constraints Conditions, the establishment of the XX oil pipeline production operation scheduling program optimization mathematical model. The model is an optimization design problem including discrete variables and continuous variables, which is solved by dynamic programming according to the structural characteristics of the model. The optimization results show that energy consumption in winter and summer has been reduced by 23% and 18%, respectively.
Research on image saliency target detection in fog and haze weather based on improved FT algorithm
Authors: Huang Shanshan
Published: May 2021

The increase of air turbidity in fog and haze weather is not conducive to the accurate extraction of image feature information of important salient targets such as vehicles and pedestrians, nor is it conducive for drivers to make correct judgment on the road environment ahead of their vision. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved FT algorithm in fog and haze weather. This algorithm firstly uses the Retinex algorithm to remove fog and haze and restore color of fog and haze weather images, then uses FT algorithm to detect the saliency of the target, and finally completes the simulation based on MATLAB platform. It can be seen from the simulation results that the improved FT algorithm is significantly better than the effect of using the traditional FT algorithm, which means that the improved FT algorithm has a better role in helping drivers to detect road salient targets in fog and haze weather. And this improvement has a strong practical value for reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in fog and haze weather.
The study of the biotoxicity effect of alumina nanoparticle on soil microbes
Authors: Zhang Chi , Lin Xingjie , Miao Yu
Published: May 2021

Due to the unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used both in industrial products and individual life. However, with the huge benefits, NPs also possess potential toxicity to human health and ecosystem. Aluminum oxide NPs is so significant in industry that it occupies the second important position in US nanomaterials market. Aluminum oxide NPs belong to metal oxide nanoparticles which may have strong antimicrobial properties. As there is limited prior research on the toxicity of alumina NPs, the main goal of present research is to study the effects of alumina NPs on microorganisms in soils by combination methods of microcalorimetry and urease. Power-time curves and thermo-kinetic parameters (such as total heat evolution QT, growth rate constant k and maximum power output Pmax) were applied to evaluate the microbial community activities of the soil samples. A range of concentration of Aluminum oxide NPs gradient from 0 mg/L to 1000 mg/L was applied. The results showed that the concentration under 500 mg/L has negligible inhibitory effects on soil microorganisms while concentrations at 500mg/L and 1000 mg/L only have mild inhibition on microbes in soil. Urease experiments verified this result, therefore, it suggests that combination of microcalorimetry and urease may provide practical method for microorganism activity evaluating.
An empirical study on the impact of economic Agglomeration on environmental pollution
Authors: Yan Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

In the context of China’s vigorous promotion of economic transformation to the green economy, economic agglomeration is one of the main economic activities that promote economic development, it is necessary to study the impact of economic agglomeration on the environment. In this paper, we used the spatial adjacent weight matrix SDM econometric model for empirical analysis. The study found that the regression coefficient of economic agglomeration is a positive significant level of 1%, that is, there is a positive correlation between economic agglomeration and environmental pollution. As the level of economic agglomeration increases, so does the pollution effect.
Characteristics of climatic variation from the perspective of “the Silk Road Economic Belt”
Authors: Qiang Anfeng , Wang Ni , Xie Jiancang , Wei Jiahua , Wei Xia
Published: May 2021

The variance tendency of climatic and spatial-temporal equilibrium characteristics of major cities along the SREB were systematically described through moving mean method, Kriging interpolation method and B-G based on monthly scale data of global weather stations released by the NCDC since 1951. Some conclusions cloud be drawn: (1) The P showed downward trend in other regions with significant seasonal differences except the E. The annual P was “N” distribution in CA, while showed an “inverted V” and a “positive V” distribution in EA and WA respectively, and the precipitation change was relatively gentle in E. The dominant factors affecting climate were different in different regions. Meanwhile, no mutation point were detected except in E. (2) The T continued to increase and were spatially low in the middle and high at both ends in all regions, the alternation of drying and wetting was obvious in each regions as well as the T was complex and changeable in E. The mutation of was not synchronous in each region. (3)The changes of T were more sensitive and changeable than P, the P in CA was inversely correlated with other regions, however, there was a high positive correlation between T in all regions. The inversely correlation between T and P was the most significant in CA.
Theoretical and Experimental Verification of Rheological Characteristics of High Viscosity Municipal Sludge
Authors: Xing Feifei , Hao Ruican , Ji Jun , Lu Lu , Tian Baochuan
Published: May 2021

After upgrading the wastewater treatment standard, the effluent quality reached the first class A standard by strengthening the process optimization of biological dephosphorization and denitrification. Taking the sludge treatment project of Shanghai Bamboo Garden as an example, the sludge composition from the fourth plant is compared with the weighted value of the sludge before the upgrading of the standard, and the sludge element content is obviously increased and the sludge viscosity is increased. By kinexus lab+ series of rotary rheometer to test the viscosity of the sample sludge, it is concluded that the viscosity zone of the sample sludge is between 45% and 55% solid content. The rheological test of sludge characterization-viscosity-thixotropy and stacking test standard shows that the viscous zone of sludge is about 40% or more. Herschel-Bulkley model is basically suitable to describe the rheology of sludge in this sample when the solid content is more than 44%. To avoid the sludge viscous zone is the key to design the sludge transport system and the subsequent drying incineration system process parameters in the sludge treatment project of Shanghai Bamboo Garden.
Effect of sugar on Compressive Strength, Drying Shrinkage and Carbonation of Mortar
Authors: Nasser Ibrahim M , Abdullah Siti Radziah , Boon K H , Ibrahim Mohd Haziman Wan
Published: May 2021

Mortar is one of the most common construction materials, used in bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and concrete masonry units. This paper presents the experimental investigation on the effect of sugar on setting time of cement and compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and carbonation of mortar using composite cement. Different percentages of sugar varying from 0 to 0.08 % by weight of cement was selected as retarder. It was found that the initial and final setting time of composite cement paste increased, with the increase of sugar dosage. The maximum initial and final setting time occurred when sugar content is 0.08 %, where it increased the initial time from 100 minutes to 550 minutes and increased final setting time from 135 minutes to 610 minutes. The compressive strength, drying shrinkage and carbonation specimens were tested at 7, 28, 56, 90, and 150 days. The compressive strength of mortar containing 0.06% sugar increased by 9.25 % at age 150 days compared to control specimens, while the drying shrinkage of mortar was less affected by sugar. The carbonation depth test shows that all specimens are almost the same, with a slight increase in specimens that contain sugar.
Sustainable concrete with scrap tyre: Impact on strength and health
Authors: Suliman Nurul Huda , Zaimi Muhammad Akid , Jamadin Adiza , Alisibramulisi Anizahyati , Ahmad Nursafarina , Salleh Norhafizah
Published: May 2021

The increasing of scrap tyres is unknown to what extent these tyres are disposed of in a way that is environmentally friendly and legal. Therefore, one way should be worked out to reduce scrap tyres and preserving the environment. To relate the issue of achieving enviro mental sustainability with the construction industry, this study was carried out by adopting scrap tyres crumbs replacing coarse aggregates in the concrete mixture called as tyre crumbs concrete (TCC). This study aimed to investigate the compressive strength of TCC and the effect of its use as construction materials, to consumer health. The TCC mixtures were designed in various replacement of coarse aggregate with tyres crumbs of 5%, 10%, and 15% over coarse aggregate volume. All specimens were tested in both material strength and environmental laboratory to determine TCC structural strength and also the hazardous level of TCC to the life health through water quality test. The result of this study found that 10% of the scrap tyres replacement is the most optimum TCC mixture design in which the strength is similar to the control concrete. The environmental test on curing water also found the pH, BOD, and COD gave no harmful substances leaching from the cube specimens. In conclusion, the use of scrap tyres in concrete manufacturing can reach the sustainability of construction resource, environmentally and economically, in line with Sustainability Development Goal 2030, the agenda of the United Nations Development Program.
Application of digital technologies for prevention of accidents in construction of high-rise building projects: A review
Authors: Lakhiar M T , Abdullah A H , Sohu S
Published: May 2021

Over several decades, the building sector has been regarded as a high-risk sector with a low degree of creativity and a reluctance to adopt change. Likely reasons for building incidents include human misconduct, unsafe work practices, faulty machinery and dangerous working conditions. Furthermore, to have a better and safer operating climate, the company can take advantage of new health and safety technology. This paper seeks to investigate the use of various emerging innovations and how they can be used to improve health and safety in the construction of Highrise building projects. Detailed analysis of literature from previous researchers on new technologies and interventions for construction job site safety such as Virtual Reality (VR), online databases, Building Information Modelling (BIM), RFID, 3D Computer-Aided Design (3D CAD), 4D Computer-Aided Design (4D CAD), wearable robotics, and sensor-based technologies was carried out. It was evidenced from the analysis that not only the utilisation of these new technologies can contribute in improving health and safety in high rise building projects, but also the viability of their implementation in the building industry.
The Utilization of Lapindo Powder as a Material for High Strength Concrete
Authors: Pujianto As’at , Prayuda Hakas , Monika Fanny , Cahyati Martyana Dwi , Zulviandika Fernanda
Published: May 2021

This study discusses the utilization of Lapindo powder for pozzolan material in the manufacture of high-quality concrete. The existence of Lapindo mud is one of the disasters that destroy many residential areas. This mud is still increasing in volume without being able to be utilized by the community. In terms of its chemical properties of Lapindo mud, processed into a powder, it has no hydration properties when mixed with water, but it can harden naturally. This research has investigated the characteristics of high-quality concrete by utilizing the mud of Lapindo as additional material. The examinations are workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, moisture content, water absorption, and porosity. The specimens were made in a cylindrical shape with a 75 mm diameter with a height of 150 mm. The test results show that Lapoindo powder can be used as additional material to manufacture high-quality concrete. The composition suggested through this study is 10% of the weight of cement. The compressive strength for 10% Lapindo content is 45 MPa at 28 days.
Study on Condition Assessment Metrics based Facilities Condition Index and Building Condition Index
Authors: Anuar Muhd Zubair Tajol , Sarbini Noor Nabilah , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal
Published: May 2021

This paper presents several types of condition assessment metrics that were used by previous literatures. The condition assessment metrics are developed to supports decisionmaking for stakeholders in accomplishing the maintenance priority and proposed budget-driven. These condition assessments have both advantages and disadvantages to support the building infrastructure and asset management. This paper studies two groups of condition indexes which are monetary-derived and engineering-derived approach. Both approaches are well-known methods to determine the condition index of buildings or facilities. Monetary approach involved a facility condition index, FCI. The FCI can be determined through estimation of deferred maintenance listed from basic, intermediate and advanced parameters. On the other hand, the engineering-derived approach is mostly referred to the Building Condition Index, BCI. Findings focused on the critical review from the rating system, conditions and recommendations that have been used by the FCI and the BCI. It was found that the disadvantages of the facility condition index can be improved through the integration of the BCI during the process. The details and quantitative figures that can be determined from the BCI will help an efficient FCI determination. Besides, BCI approach can also be used independently to give fast and first-hand findings on the conditions of buildings or facilities to the stakeholders. In conclusion, an efficient building and asset management can be offered by considerations in combining the BCI and FCI to promotes “best practice” when evaluating the condition assessment due to defects and deteriorations of assets and facilities.
Space planning of classroom kindergarten: A case study of KEMAS kindergartens in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Shahli Fitrynadia Mohd , Wahab Izudinshah Abd , Akasah Zainal Abidin
Published: May 2021

The numbers of kindergarten in Malaysia boost every year as a learning environment for children as preparation for them to face the next level of education in primary school. Thus, comfortable learning environments are essential to enhance not only well-being but also increase the productivity and learning of the children. Therefore, the importance of organization and utilization of spaces can influence children’s activities and learn. This paper aims to identify the criteria of space planning and the issues of space comfort of the public kindergarten in Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. By using a case study as a method, the observation of the classrooms and interviews with the teachers of the kindergarten emphasized the specific space planning applied in public kindergarten. However, some issues are highlighted regarding interior decoration and space arrangement by the occupant. Data obtained hopefully will give some ideas and benefit for the future direction of kindergarten’s teacher, authority, architect, and designer to improve the quality of the physical environment, especially in creating space for children.
Effect On Thermal Properties Of Concrete Containing Micro Steel Fiber (CMSF)
Authors: Ramasamy S , Shahidan S , Tahir M K N M , Manaf A F A , Zuki S S M , Abdullah S R , Azmi M A M , Ali N , Rahim M Abdul
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, the improvement of construction materials towards sustainable construction materials had become important. Due to the hot and sunny climate in Malaysia, the consumption on electricity increases. This causes a decrease of comfort in residence. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the thermal properties of concrete containing micro steel fibres (MSF). In this study, a series of concrete cubes that consists of different percentage of MSF (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%) was made in order to carry out compression test. Then, a Hot Guarded Box was used to obtain the optimum percentage of MSF in the concrete for thermal conductivity. As a result, the optimum percentage of MSF obtained from the compression test was 0.8% with a reading of 25.7Mpa. While, the optimum percentage of MSF obtained for thermal conductivity 0% with a reading of 0.34 W/mk. As a conclusion, it was proven that the inclusion of MSF in a concrete matrix will increase the thermal conductivity.
Potential mixture cold lava sand and volcanic ash as a concrete admixture
Authors: Susanti R D , Abdulrajak R B , Gowasa J , Siahaan D I
Published: May 2021

Mount Sinabung is a mountain volcano is active that exist in North Sumatra. To minimize the impact that occurs then the ashes of volcanic and sand lava cold can be used as a material replacement in part of cement and aggregate fine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using volcanic ash as a partial substitute for cement and cold lava sand as a partial substitute for fine aggregate on the compressive strength value. Variations of the mixture were made by adding 5%, 7.5%, and 10% at the immersion age of 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. The test object used is a cube with a size of 15 cm × 15 cm × 15 cm. Results of the study showed that the mixture variation 10% by the age of 28 days can be used as an ingredient mixed early concrete because the value of compressive strength approaching normal concrete.
The Effect of Palm Shell as Coarse Aggregate Replacement on Self Compacting Concrete with Different Curing Methods
Authors: Monika Fanny , Prayuda Hakas , Cahyati Martyana Dwi , Syamsi Muhammad Ibnu , Purnomo Arista Dwi Risdiana
Published: May 2021

A type of concrete that has ability to compact itself without the aid of a vibrator or human labor known as Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). This concrete is suitable for work on concrete structures need great effort to be compacted manually. The aim of this research is to study about the effect of replacing coarse aggregate using palm kernel shell waste. The variation of the shells used were 40%; 50% and 60% of the coarse aggregate volume. The utilization of palm shell waste was expected to reduce the use of natural resources as the primary material for concrete and utilize waste optimally. The tests consist of fresh and hardened properties. Fresh properties test was one of the mandatory requirements that must be perform on self-compacting concrete. There are several fresh properties test consisted of slump flow, T-50, J-Ring, V-Funnel and L-Box. Meanwhile, the hardened properties test was carried out in compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. Hardened properties testing was performed when the specimens were 3, 7, 28 and 56 days old. The curing process is carried out until the concrete was seven days old with a method consisting of sealed curing, moist curing, water curing, air curing and oven curing. The highest compressive strength and tensile strength for sealed curing, oven curing, moist curing and air curing methods were found in the palm shell variation of 60%, while in the water curing method the highest compressive strength was in the palm shell with a variation of 40% and the highest tensile strength was in the palm shell with 0% variation.
The Development of New Generation of Manikin for Outdoor Thermal Comfort Evaluation – A Literature Review
Authors: Kelundapyan R , Zakaria M A , Segaran V C
Published: May 2021

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a challenge to human in the following decade as a result of continuous urbanization without appropriate planning and design. The impacts of UHI will getting worse due to the increase of population density with improper urban development especially in dense metropolitan cities. In the point of view of outdoor thermal comfort, a prolonged exposure to the outdoor heat will significantly contribute to human discomfort and health problems. Therefore, various research efforts have been implemented for developing solutions the mitigation strategies. The development of thermal manikin is one of mitigation effort to investigate the occurrence of UHI and to evaluate thermal comfort in microclimate conditions as representative of human simulation model. Hence, the aim of this paper is focused on the consideration that are required to develop a thermal manikin for outdoor thermal comfort assessment which include outdoor thermal comfort index, development of thermal manikin and material for thermal manikin for outdoor thermal comfort assessment.
Optimization of Cuttlefish Bone Towards Compressive Strength of Foam Concrete
Authors: Hasan D , Endut M Z , Azree F
Published: May 2021

Development and testing of other foam concrete materials, as well as the inclusion of a marine-based filler, cuttlefish bone powder, may be one of the most advanced products suitable for cementitious materials to be added in concrete to provide a sustainable environmentally friendly alternative solution on construction industry in Malaysia. Cuttlefish bone will have some advantages and benefits in foam concrete since it contains high amounts of calcium carbonate, which is believed can improve the concrete’s strength and encourage foam concrete to achieve an early strength. The objectives of this research is to determine the optimum percentage of cuttlefish bone additive towards increasing the strength properties of foam concrete. In this research, there were 42 foam concrete cube samples prepared, each group of samples containing different amounts of cuttlefish bone additive (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%). All the samples were tested for compressive strength at 1, 3, and 7 days of age. According to the findings, an improvement in the foam concrete when the cuttlefish bone additive content from 1% to 4% added which result in the enhancement of the behavior of foam concrete. In addition, this research reveals that cuttlefish bone additive has better characteristics to normal OPC, making it an effective addition to concrete.
Performance of square steel tubular stub columns in-filled with fly ash and silica fume self-compacting concrete under concentric loading
Authors: Sulaiman Arizu , Mustapha Falmata Audu , Mohamed Roslli Noor
Published: May 2021

Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) column is a composite member comprising of structural hollow steel tube and concrete core. This paper evaluates the effect of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) on square CFST stub columns’ behavior under concentric loading. The self-compacting concrete (SCC) grade used is M60 with the addition of 50% FA and 10% SF as a partial replacement of Portland cement. The performances of the fly ash-silica fume selfcompacting (FSS) CFST columns are examined through the axial compression capacity, the load-shortening response, and the failure mode of stub columns. The axial load of the FSS CFST columns is compared with the international design codes to validate the available design codes’ accuracy. The results yield that the FSS CFST columns’ ultimate axial load capacities range between 1408.80 kN and 808.70 kN, while the reference CFST columns’ capacities range between 1332.80 kN and 789.20 kN. FSS concrete improves the concrete contribution ratio and strength index of the square CFST stub columns. However, reference CFST columns demonstrate better ductility than FSS CFST columns. This is attributed to the brittleness of the FSS concrete. All the square CFST stub columns fail via local buckling. Eurocode 4 slightly over predicts the square CFST columns’ ultimate capacity by an average of 4.58%. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) code, on the other hand, over predicts the axial capacity of the CFST stub columns by an average of 17.46%.
Strength properties of green concrete mix with added palm oil fibre and its application as a load-bearing hollow block
Authors: Samad A A A , Mohamad N , Tambichik M A , Bosro M Z M , Goli M
Published: May 2021

As issues on sustainable construction material gains prominence in Malaysia, experimental work to investigate the combination of agricultural and construction waste material into a single concrete mixture was conducted. These waste materials will partially replace cement and aggregate content with added Palm Oil Fibre (POF) involving twenty-four cube specimen and six stretcher units of Green Concrete Hollow (GCH) block samples. The optimum replacement percentage of the green concrete material is 10% Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), 15% Rice Hush Ash (RHA), 20% Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) and 0.25% Palm Oil Fibre (POF) resulting a cube compressive strength of 40.4 MPa at 28 days and an average compressive strength for GCH stretcher block unit at 16.31 MPa. From the results obtained, the innovative green concrete mix with added POF and the GCH stretcher block units show its potential as a building material with the ability to be sustainable, eco-friendly and a possibility to meet the reduction in carbon emissions and low carbon footprints.
Numerical study of corrosion induced cracking in reinforced concrete structure
Authors: Ayop S S
Published: May 2021

This research was conducted to study the initiation and propagation of surface crack width due to corrosion on reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures using finite element (FE) approach. Corrosion parameters, such as attack penetration and loss of steel section were used to define the relationship with the surface crack width. The objective of using numerical approach in the current study is to understand the effects of corrosion expansion on the behaviour of surface crack pattern and to validate the crack pattern with the available data. The output from the previous works was used to model specimens with different bar diameters and bar locations. The results from the finite element analyses were discussed subsequently.
Effects of loading rates on concrete compressive strength
Authors: Abdullah Aiman Irfan
Published: May 2021

Concrete structures are subjected to loadings which can be static or dynamic and in most cases, both. Deeper understanding on how concrete behaves to different modes of loading needs to be assessed, particularly the rate; and to study its effects, a property of concrete such as its compressive strength requires to be examined in relation to the changes in the loading rates. Different loading conditions or rates can alter how cracks in concrete are formed in terms of crack velocity and crack intensity in regions where stress equals to the applied pressure. However, various studies have shown contradicting results with respect to how varying loading rates may affect the compressive strength of concrete. This research conducted 5 different concrete mixes to study the effect of loading rate on compressive strength of concrete. Concentric uniaxial loading, in terms of pressure as opposed to displacement, was loaded to the hardened concrete cube specimens at different loading rates increasing constantly at 0.2 MPa/s and 0.4 MPa/s which are within the standard limits. Moreover, loading rates beyond the extremes were also subjected in one of the mix design for study and analysis purposes. Results showed that there is a relatively minor relationship between the rate of loading and the strength in terms of compression for both specimen sizes in which the trend indicates that as the loading rate is increased, the compressive strength also increases but with minimal deviation in the magnitudes of the strengths.
The Role of POFA and Recycled Plastic in Enhancing Concrete Properties
Authors: Rosseli S. R. , Muhd Sidek M. N. , Hashim N.H. , Mustafa Mohd N. A. F. , Mohd Ali N.N.
Published: May 2021

The experimental work of waste utilization for Grade 30 concrete incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) and treated Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) being presented in this paper. POFA is an agricultural waste from palm oil industry that creates uncontrolled landfill disposal, contain high silica-alumina which act as a good pozzolanic material as binder similar to cement. 45 cube specimen size 100 × 100 × 100 mm were prepared with 2 mol, 4 mol, 6 mol and 8 mol of Sulphuric Acid to treat PET. The objectives were to evaluate the workability and performance of POFA and treated PET concrete through slump test and compression test at 7, 14 and 28 days. As the findings, treated PET with 8 mol Sulphuric Acid and 5% POFA concrete significantly improves consistency compared to the control specimen. This resulted from the liquidation technique applied to POFA during the concrete mixing process that functions as a liquid lubricant which can easily blend with cement component. Moreover, 5% POFA and 8 mol treated PET concrete shows strength increment due to the combination effect between raw POFA that act as filler and PET act as fiber reinforcement to help the concrete.
Application of Artificial Neural Network on Health Monitoring of Offshore Mooring System
Authors: Yee X. E. , Mohamed M. A. W. , Montasir O. A.
Published: May 2021

The amount of floating offshore structures had been grown rapidly over these few years due to deepwater exploration and production activities, and this increase in number is predicted to remain over the coming years. Due to the catastrophic consequences from offshore mooring system failure and the limitation on the traditional method for failure detection, there is a need for alternative methods for health monitoring of the offshore mooring system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has acquired recognition in these few years for petroleum engineering approach, especially Artificial Neural Network (ANN) thanks to its potential to solve complex problems with less time-consuming and effort. A review of the application of ANNs on health monitoring of offshore mooring system had been presented in this paper. The ANNs system had demonstrated its capability as a health monitoring tool for offshore floating structures to detect any damaged or broken mooring system.
Comparison of Thermomechanical Properties of Cement Mortar with Kenaf and Polypropylene Fibers
Authors: Beddu Salmia , Basri Amalina , Muda Zakaria Che , Farahlina Fatyn , Mohamad Daud , Itam Zarina , Kamal Nur Liyana Mohd , Sabariah Teh
Published: May 2021

Fibres Reinforced Concrete has received much interest in the concrete research world over the last few decades. Assimilating fibres into concrete structures has many advantages. Previous study discovered that the addition synthetic or natural fibres to concrete enhanced the material’s thermal properties as well as its strength to some extent. Fibres, on the other hand, have an influence on the thermo-mechanical properties of concrete. The aim of this research is to see whether applying Polypropylene and Kenaf fibres to cement mortars of various compositions has any potential (0.1 %, 0.2 %, and 0.3%). Eight separate mixes were tested in this report. The addition of PP and Kenaf fibres reduced the workability of the mortar samples as measured by flow ability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity. In contrast to other ratios, cement mortar containing 0.1% PP and Kenaf fibres have highest compressive strength, while samples containing 0.3% recorded highest tensile strength which are 6.2 MPa and 7.2 MPa respectively. When higher percentages of both fibres are used in mortar samples, the thermal conductivity decreases. It can be inferred that adding a certain percentage of fibre to a composite can boost both mechanical and thermal properties.