bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Doebner, Doebner—von Miller and Knoevenagel—Doebner Reactions in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Asadi Shima , Azarakhshi Fatemeh
Published: March 2015

Review: 184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advancements in the Mechanistic Understanding of the Copper‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Berg Regina , Straub Bernd F.
Published: March 2015

Review: 232 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Protonation Catalyzed by Chiral Bronsted Bases
Authors: Wang Chao , Goh Cindy Mei Ting , Xiao Shihua , Ye Weiping , Tan Choon‐Hong
Published: March 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Alkyloxycyclobutanones as Useful Synthons for Heterocycle and Carbocycle Synthesis
Authors: Chen Shi , Shan Gang , Nie Pengju , Rao Yu
Published: March 2015

Review: [formal [4 + 2], [3 + 2], and [3 + 3] annulations as well as other types of transformations with 3‐alkyloxycyclobutanones, 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Couplings of Secondary and Tertiary Boronic Esters
Authors: Leonori Daniele , Aggarwal Varinder K.
Published: March 2015

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Dialdehydes as Promising Substrates for Aminocatalyzed Transformations
Authors: Kumar Indresh , Ramaraju Panduga , Mir Nisar A. , Singh Anoop
Published: March 2015

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Giant Functional Porphyrin Arrays
Authors: Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: March 2015

Review: [143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Perspectives on Solid‐State Phase Transformation and Chemical Reactivity of Drugs: Metoclopramide as an Example
Authors: Lin Shan‐Yang
Published: March 2015

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Chemistry: Intelligent Processing of Gas‐Liquid Transformations Using a Tube‐in‐Tube Reactor
Authors: Brzozowski Martin , O'Brien Matthew , Ley Steven V. , Polyzos Anastasios
Published: March 2015

Review: 55 refs.
Rapid screening of 35 new psychoactive substances by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS)
Authors: Gwak Seongshin , Almirall Jose R.
Published: March 2015

The recent propagation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has led to the development of new techniques for the rapid characterization of controlled substances in this category. A commercial bench‐top ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) with a 63Ni ionization source and a direct analysis in real time (DART) coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) were used for the rapid characterization of 35 NPS. The advantages of these techniques are fast response, ease of operation, and minimal sample preparation. The characteristic reduced mobilities of each substance are reported as are the mass spectra of the 35 compounds. The acquired product ion scan mass spectra were also compared to a library database constructed by QTOF with a electrospray ionization (ESI) source and showed a consistent relative abundance for each peak over time. A total of four seized drug samples provided by the local forensic laboratory were analyzed in order to demonstrate the utility of this approach. The results of this study suggest that both IMS and DART‐QTOF are promising alternatives for the rapid screening and characterization of these new psychoactive substances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral fluid with three modes of collection and plasma methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomer concentrations after controlled intranasal l‐methamphetamine administration
Authors: Newmeyer Matthew N. , Concheiro Marta , da Costa Jose Luiz , Flegel Ronald , Gorelick David A. , Huestis Marilyn A.
Published: March 2015

Methamphetamine is included in drug testing programmes due to its high abuse potential. d‐Methamphetamine is a scheduled potent central nervous system stimulant, while l‐methamphetamine is the unscheduled active ingredient in the over‐the‐counter nasal decongestant Vicks® VapoInhaler™. No data are available in oral fluid (OF) and few in plasma after controlled Vicks® VapoInhaler™ administration. We quantified methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomers in OF collected with two different devices and plasma via a fully validated liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. Additionally, OF were analyzed with an on‐site screening device. Sixteen participants received 7 Vicks® VapoInhaler™ doses according to manufacturer's recommendations. Specimens were collected before and up to 32 h after the first dose. No d‐methamphetamine or d‐amphetamine was detected in any sample. All participants had measurable OF l‐methamphetamine with median maximum concentrations 14.8 and 16.1 μg/L in Quantisal™ and Oral‐Eze® devices, respectively, after a median of 5 doses. One participant had measurable OF l‐amphetamine with maximum concentrations 3.7 and 5.5 μg/L after 6 doses with the Quantisal™ and Oral‐Eze® devices, respectively. There were no positive DrugTest® 5000 results. In the cutoff range 20–50 μg/L methamphetamine with amphetamine ≥limit of detection, 3.1–10.1% of specimens were positive; first positive results were observed after 1–4 doses. Two participants had detectable plasma l‐methamphetamine, with maximum observed concentrations 6.3 and 10.0 μg/L after 2 and 5 doses, respectively. Positive OF and plasma methamphetamine results are possible after Vicks® VapoInhaler™ administration. Chiral confirmatory analyses are necessary to rule out VapoInhaler™ intake. Implementing a selective d‐methamphetamine screening assay can help eliminate false‐positive OF results. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Palliative care needs in patients hospitalized with heart failure (PCHF) study: rationale and design
Authors: Campbell Ross T. , Jackson Colette E. , Wright Ann , Gardner Roy S. , Ford Ian , Davidson Patricia M. , Denvir Martin A. , Hogg Karen J. , Johnson Miriam J. , Petrie Mark C. , McMurray John J.V.
Published: March 2015

Aims

The primary aim of this study is to provide data to inform the design of a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) of a palliative care (PC) intervention in heart failure (HF). We will identify an appropriate study population with a high prevalence of PC needs defined using quantifiable measures. We will also identify which components a specific and targeted PC intervention in HF should include and attempt to define the most relevant trial outcomes.

Methods

An unselected, prospective, near‐consecutive, cohort of patients admitted to hospital with acute decompensated HF will be enrolled over a 2‐year period. All potential participants will be screened using B‐type natriuretic peptide and echocardiography, and all those enrolled will be extensively characterized in terms of their HF status, comorbidity, and PC needs. Quantitative assessment of PC needs will include evaluation of general and disease‐specific quality of life, mood, symptom burden, caregiver burden, and end of life care. Inpatient assessments will be performed and after discharge outpatient assessments will be carried out every 4 months for up to 2.5 years. Participants will be followed up for a minimum of 1 year for hospital admissions, and place and cause of death. Methods for identifying patients with HF with PC needs will be evaluated, and estimates of healthcare utilisation performed.

Conclusion

By assessing the prevalence of these needs, describing how these needs change over time, and evaluating how best PC needs can be identified, we will provide the foundation for designing an RCT of a PC intervention in HF.
The Effects of Alkaline‐Earth Counterions on the Architectures, Band‐Gap Energies, and Proton Transfer of Triazole‐Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Asha K. S. , Reber Arthur C. , Pedicini Anthony F. , Khanna Shiv N. , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: March 2015

Three coordination polymers based on alkaline‐earth metals (Ca, Sr, and Ba) have been synthesized with 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐carboxylic acid (3‐AmTrZAc). Structural analysis reveals that the Ca‐based structure [Ca(3‐AmTrZAc)(5‐AmTrZAc)(H2O)] (1) is two‐dimensional, and the Sr‐ and Ba‐based structures [Sr(3‐AmTrZAc)2(H2O)] (2) and [Ba(3‐AmTrZAc)2(H2O)] (3) are three‐dimensional. In the Ca‐based structure 1, the 3‐AmTrZAc reactant converts to 5‐AmTrZAc. The relative stability of the two isomers is controlled by a dipole–ion interaction between the triazole ring and the carboxylate group. We have measured the band‐gap energies, and the Ca‐based structure has the largest band‐gap energy. Density functional theoretical investigations showed that internal electric fields generated by the alkaline‐earth counterions increase the band gap in the 5‐AmTrZAc anion and lower it in the 3‐AmTrZAc anion.
Ionic Ferrocene‐Based Burning‐Rate Catalysts with Polycyano Anions: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Migration, and Catalytic Effects during Combustion
Authors: Liu Xuelin , Li Jizhen , Bi Fuqiang , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhang Guofang , Gao Ziwei
Published: March 2015

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Guofang Zhang from Shaanxi Normal University, China. The cover image shows how to develop low‐migratory ferrocene‐based burning‐rate catalysts (BRCs) for the next generation of rocket propellants.
Progress in the Preparation of Jatrophane Diterpenes
Authors: Rinner Uwe
Published: March 2015

The Euphorbiaceae family of plants is one of the largest in the plant kingdom and over the last few decades a vast number of structurally complex and compelling terpenoid natural products have been isolated from the milky latices of Euphorbiaceae species. This review provides a brief overview of the biosynthetic routes leading to Euphorbiaceae diterpenes and outlines their pronounced biological properties. Synthetic approaches to jatrophane diterpenes, an important class of Euphorbiaceae diterpenes, are discussed in detail.
Why vision is important to how we navigate
Authors: Ekstrom Arne D.
Published: March 2015

Place cells are a fundamental component of the rodent navigational system. One intriguing implication of place cells is that humans, by extension, have “map‐like” (or GPS‐like) knowledge that we use to represent space. Here, we review both behavioral and neural studies of human navigation, suggesting that how we process visual information forms a critical component of how we represent space. These include cellular and brain systems devoted to coding visual information during navigation in addition to a location coding system similar to that described in rodents. Together, these findings suggest that while it is highly useful to think of our navigation system involving internal “maps,” we should not neglect the importance of high‐resolution visual representations to how we navigate space. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Navigating the circuitry of the brain's GPS system: Future challenges for neurophysiologists
Authors: Craig Michael T. , McBain Chris J.
Published: March 2015

The discovery of the brain's navigation system creates a compelling challenge for neurophysiologists: how do we map the circuitry of a system that can only be definitively identified in awake, behaving animals? Do grid and border cells in the entorhinal cortex correspond to the two classes of principal cell found there, stellate and pyramidal cells? In the hippocampus, does the diversity seen in pyramidal cell subtypes have functional correlates in the place cell system? How do interneurons regulate the activity of spatially tuned principal cells in the hippocampal and entorhinal circuits? Here, we discuss recent literature relating the cellular circuitry of these circuits to in vivo studies of the brain's navigation system, and the role that interneurons have in regulating the activity of principal cells in these circuits. We propose that studying in vitro models of neuronal oscillations in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus can provide useful insights for bridging the gap in understanding that exists in relating in vivo and behavioral studies to circuit function at the cellular level. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Guest Editors' Introduction: Diversity and Inclusion in Different Work Settings: Emerging Patterns, Challenges, and Research Agenda
Authors: Theodorakopoulos Nicholas , Budhwar Pawan
Published: March 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyze and highlight the developments in the current scholarship on managing diversity and inclusion (D&I) and provide insights for future research. While doing so, the article advances our understanding of “what matters” in this field, through the integration of different literature concerning the dimensions of D&I. It also provides a neo‐institutionalist framework, which locates different themes in the D&I scholarship to assist in further development of the field. It argues for a consideration of inquiry in D&I from a neo‐institutionalist perspective to encourage interdisciplinarity and align with broader social science research in human resource management (HRM) and development, highlighting the complexity involved in the theorizing of D&I management in organizations. Specifically, we argue for the need to engage with a variety of stakeholders concerned with the management of D&I, to enable cross‐fertilization of theories and mixing methods for future research designs. The article also introduces the manuscripts included in this special issue and build on them as well to develop the future research agenda. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving Acquisition Outcomes with Contextual Ambidexterity
Authors: Meglio Olimpia , King David R. , Risberg Annette
Published: March 2015

The results of research on mergers and acquisitions often point to a need to improve acquisition outcomes and lessen the organizational turmoil that can often follow integration efforts. We assert that viewing acquisition integration through the lens of contextual ambidexterity may improve acquisition outcomes in two ways: by providing an integrated solution to the economic and social tensions in acquisitions, and by enabling managers to effectively confront the competing needs of task and human integration. We also posit that by building on contextual ambidexterity, we can extend the possibilities for both research and practice regarding task and human integration in acquisitions. We also emphasize the role of an integration manager and integration mechanisms in enabling contextual ambidexterity for successful acquisition integration. Finally, we identify implications for research and practice. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The current status in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization
Authors: Civriz Bozdag Sinem , Tekgunduz Emre , Altuntas Fevzi
Published: March 2015

Hemotopoietic stem cell mobilization with cytokines alone, has still been widely accepted as the initial attempt for stem cell mobilization. Chemotherapy based mobilization can be preferred as first choice in high risk patients or for remobilization. But mobilization failure still remains to be a problem in one third of patients. Salvage mobilization strategies have been composed to give one more chance to ‘poor mobilizers’. Synergistic effect of a reversible inhibitor of CXCR4, plerixafor, with G‐CSF has opened a new era for these patients. Preemptive approach in predicted poor mobilizers, immediate salvage approach for patients with suboptimal mobilization or remobilization approach of plerixafor in failed mobilizers have all been demonstrated convincing results in various studies. Alternative CXCR4 inhibitors, VLA4 inhibitors, bortezomib, parathormone have also been emerged as novel agents for mobilization failure. J. Clin. Apheresis 30:273–280, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of tumor blood flow in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling: Comparison with dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Fujima Noriyuki , Kudo Kohsuke , Tsukahara Akiko , Yoshida Daisuke , Sakashita Tomohiro , Homma Akihiro , Tha Khin Khin , Shirato Hiroki
Published: March 2015

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of tumor blood flow (TBF) measurement in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) in a comparison with dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) perfusion.

Materials and Methods

We prospectively scanned 18 patients with HNSCC using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with both pCASL and DCE perfusion. Quantitative TBF value in the whole‐tumor region of interest (ROI), and regional TBF in the ROIs of the central and peripheral areas in the tumor were respectively measured. Relative TBF value in the whole‐tumor ROI was also calculated. We determined the correlation and agreement between each measured TBF by pCASL and DCE perfusion using Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis.

Results

In the whole‐tumor ROIs, significant correlation was observed between the absolute TBF values (r = 0.72, P < 0.01), with an ICC of 0.72; moreover, higher correlation was observed in the relative TBF (r = 0.79). The correlation was higher in the peripheral ROI (r = 0.70) than the central ROI (r = 0.65), with an ICC of 0.62 and 0.54, respectively. Bland–Altman plots revealed the underestimation of TBF by pCASL in central ROIs.

Conclusion

TBF measurement by pCASL was feasible in patients with HNSCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:1–1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vitro study of biological activities of anthocyanin‐rich berry extracts on porcine intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Kšonžeková Petra , Mariychuk Ruslan , Eliašová Adriana , Mudroňová Dagmar , Csank Tomáš , Király Ján , Marcinčáková Dana , Pistl Juraj , Tkáčiková L'udmila
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND

Anthocyanins, compounds that represent the major group of flavonoids in berries, are one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to evaluate biological activities and comparison of anthocyanin‐rich extracts prepared from chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and blueberry (V. corymbosum) on the porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC‐1 cell line.

RESULTS

The IC50 values calculated in the antioxidant cell‐based dichlorofluorescein assay (DCF assay) were 1.129 mg L−1 for chokeberry, 1.081 mg L−1 for elderberry, 2.561 mg L−1 for bilberry and 2.965 mg L−1 for blueberry, respectively. We found a significant negative correlation (P < 0.001) between cyanidin glycosides content and IC50 values. Moreover, extracts rich in cyanidin glycosides stimulated proliferation of IPEC‐1 cells and did not have cytotoxic effect on cells at an equivalent in vivo concentration.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that the chokeberry and elderberry extracts rich in cyanidin glycosides possess better antioxidant and anticytotoxic activities in comparison to blueberry or bilberry extracts with complex anthocyanin profiles. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipids in cheese
Authors: Tunick Michael H.
Published: March 2015

Lipids are present in cheese at levels above 20% and are analyzed by several techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) are used to examine the microstructure, gas chromatography is employed to look at fatty acid composition, and differential scanning calorimetry is utilized to examine the melting profile. Differences resulting from storage, organic feeding regimen, substitution of milk from a different species, and homogenization may be determined.
Side‐On Nematic Liquid Crystal Dendrimers Based on PAMAM and PPI as Dendritic Scaffolds: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Martín‐Rapún Rafael , Cano Miguel , McKenna Mark , Serrano José Luis , Marcos Mercedes
Published: March 2015

The design, synthesis, and investigation of two series of side‐on dendrimers displaying nematic liquid crystal behavior at room temperature are described. The dendritic structures are derived from poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM‐(NH2)n) or poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (PPI‐(NH2)n) (with n = 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64) containing lateral attached mesogenic units in the periphery. The materials are characterized by 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass (MALDI‐TOF MS) spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and x‐ray diffraction spectroscopy. All dendrimers exhibit nematic mesophase behavior at room temperature. Conoscopic studies reveal that the nematic phase is uniaxial. The relationship between the structure of the two dendrimer series and the mesomorphic behavior is discussed.

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Approximation properties for King's type modified q‐Bernstein–Kantorovich operators
Authors: Mursaleen M. , Khan Faisal , Khan Asif
Published: March 2015

In the present research article, we introduce the King's type modification of q‐Bernstein–Kantorovich operators and investigate some approximation properties. We show comparisons and present some illustrative graphics for the convergence of these operators to some function. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permeation of steryl ferulates through an in vitro intestinal barrier model
Authors: Zhu Dan , Brambilla Davide , Leroux Jean‐Christophe , Nyström Laura
Published: March 2015

Scope

Steryl ferulates (SFs) belong to the bioactive lipids contributing to the health promoting effects of whole grains. However, their intestinal absorption remains unclear. We investigated the permeation of individual SFs using an in vitro intestinal barrier model.

Methods and results

An in vitro Caco‐2 cell monolayer, mimicking the intestinal barrier, was used to evaluate the permeation of eight SFs from different sources. A method based on ultra‐performance LC with high‐resolution mass spectrometric detection was developed for their quantification. Although only a negligible amount (< 0.5%) permeated across the Caco‐2 cell monolayer, some differences in the permeability coefficients were observed between individual SFs. Permeation mechanism was mainly passive diffusion.

Conclusion

This work indicates that the permeation of SFs across the gut is very low. Therefore, cholesterol lowering and antioxidant activity‐related health benefits of SFs most likely occur in the gut independently from absorption.
Phytosterol oxidation products in enriched foods: Occurrence, exposure, and biological effects
Authors: Scholz Birgit , Guth Sabine , Engel Karl‐Heinz , Steinberg Pablo
Published: March 2015

Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Dietary intake of phytosterols/phytostanols and their fatty acid esters results in a reduction of the LDL and total plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore, these constituents are added to a broad spectrum of foods. As in the case of cholesterol, thermo‐oxidative treatment of phytosterols may result in the formation of phytosterol oxidation products (POPs), i.e. keto‐, hydroxy‐, and epoxy‐derivatives. This review summarizes and evaluates the current knowledge regarding POPs in the light of the potentially increasing dietary exposure to these constituents via the consumption of foods enriched with phytosterols/phytostanols and their esters. Data on the occurrence of POPs and approaches to assess the potential intake of POPs resulting from the consumption of enriched foods are described. The knowledge on the uptake of POPs and the presently available data on the impact of the consumption of enriched foods on the levels of POPs in humans are discussed. Biological effects of POPs, such as potential proatherogenic properties or the loss of the cholesterol‐lowering effects compared to nonoxidized phytosterols, are discussed. Finally, knowledge gaps are outlined and recommendations for further research needed for a safety assessment of POPs are presented.
An IPv6‐based mobility framework for urban vehicular networks
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Le Deguang , Cheng Hongbin , Mu Yi
Published: March 2015

This paper proposes an IPv6‐based mobility framework for urban vehicular networks. In this framework, the architecture for urban vehicular networks is presented, and based on this architecture, the IPv6 address structure for urban vehicular networks is proposed. In this framework, a vehicle is always identified by its home address and does not need to be configured with a care‐of address. Based on this architecture, the pre‐handover algorithm is presented. In this algorithm, the third‐layer (L3) mobility handover is performed before the second‐layer (L2) one. When a vehicle finishes the L3 handover but does not perform the L2 handover, the corresponding access router or border router reserves the messages destined for the vehicle. After the vehicle completes the L2 handover, the access router or border router transmits the reserved messages to the vehicle. The performance of this framework is evaluated, and the results show that this framework reduces the handover cost and delay and lowers the packet loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new formulation for imposing Dirichlet boundary conditions on non‐matching meshes
Authors: Ramos Aurelia Cuba , Aragón Alejandro M. , Soghrati Soheil , Geubelle Philippe H. , Molinari Jean‐François
Published: March 2015

Generating matching meshes for problems with complex boundaries is often an intricate process, and the use of non‐matching meshes appears as an appealing solution. Yet, enforcing boundary conditions on non‐matching meshes is not a straightforward process, especially when prescribing those of Dirichlet type. By combining a type of Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) with the Lagrange multiplier method, a new technique for the treatment of essential boundary conditions on non‐matching meshes is introduced in this manuscript. The new formulation yields a symmetric stiffness matrix and is straightforward to implement. As a result, the methodology makes possible the analysis of problems with the use of simple structured meshes, irrespective of the problem domain boundary. Through the solution of linear elastic problems, we show that the optimal rate of convergence is preserved for piecewise linear finite elements. Yet, the formulation is general and thus it can be extended to other elliptic boundary value problems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities in children and adolescents with mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG)
Authors: Sekimizu Masahiro , Mori Tetsuya , Kikuchi Akira , Mitsui Tetsuo , Sunami Shosuke , Kobayashi Ryoji , Fujita Naoto , Inada Hiroko , Takimoto Tetsuya , Saito Akiko Moriya , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Fujimoto Junichiro , Nakazawa Atsuko , Ohshima Koichi , Horibe Keizo , Tsurusawa Masahito ,   for the lymphoma committee of the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group
Published: March 2015

Little information is available on cytogenetic abnormalities and their prognostic importance in childhood mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL). We performed a review of 79 abnormal karyotypes in childhood B‐NHL treated by a uniform protocol. Del(17p) was independently associated with significantly inferior event‐free survival in Burkitt or Burkitt‐like lymphoma. The adverse prognosis of MYC/8q24 rearrangement, +7q or del(13q), was not observed, which had been suggested as risk factors in FAB/LMB96. Our results imply the possible existence of a biological difference among ethnicities and should be useful to narrow down the gene causing poor prognosis in childhood B‐NHL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1294–1296. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Handheld readout system for field‐effect transistor biosensor arrays for label‐free detection of biomolecules
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Chien , Schwartz Miriam , Vu Xuan Thang , Blinn Jörg , Ingebrandt Sven
Published: March 2015

Sensors for label‐free biomolecule detection using ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor (ISFET) arrays working in a liquid environment offer great opportunities for fast diagnostics of diseases and other point‐of‐care applications. In the last decades, ISFET‐based sensors with progressively improved sensitivity, robustness, and diversity of detected biomolecules were described. However, a reliable, miniaturized electronic readout for such sensors is one of the main demands in the field. In this work, we developed a handheld readout system for biomolecule sensing with ISFET arrays, which can measure four channels simultaneously and can be used for a wide range of ISFET devices from microsized ISFETs to silicon nanowire transistor arrays. The hardware was built around a 32‐bit PIC microcontroller. A user‐friendly software written in LabVIEW communicates with the hardware to record and to display the measurement results. After a simple calibration, the error of the handheld system was below 5% in comparison with a standard semiconductor parameter analyzer. For the first applications, pH sensing and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) immobilization and hybridization events were successfully measured with our ISFET sensors. Our readout system in combination with our top‐down fabricated sensor devices has the potential to bring the ISFET sensors closer to the point‐of‐care testing in near future.
Multi‐parameter sensing using high‐k oxide of barium strontium titanate
Authors: Huck Christina , Poghossian Arshak , Bäcker Matthias , Reisert Steffen , Kramer Friederike , Begoyan Vardges K. , Buniatyan Vahe V. , Schöning Michael J.
Published: March 2015

High‐k perovskite oxide of barium strontium titanate (BST) represents a very attractive multi‐functional transducer material for the development of (bio‐)chemical sensors. In this work, a Si‐based sensor chip containing Pt interdigitated electrodes covered with a thin BST layer (485 nm) has been developed for multi‐parameter chemical sensing. The chip has been applied for the contactless measurement of the electrolyte conductivity, the detection of adsorbed charged macromolecules (positively charged polyelectrolytes of polyethylenimine) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor. The experimental results of functional testing of individual sensors are presented. The mechanism of the BST sensitivity to charged polyelectrolytes and H2O2 vapor has been proposed and discussed.
Surface‐Tunable Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer via Geometry‐Controlled ZnO Nanorod Coordination
Authors: Lim Jun Hyung , Park Geun Chul , Lee Seung Muk , Lee Jung Heon , Lim Butaek , Hwang Soo Min , Kim Jung Ho , Park Hansoo , Joo Jinho , Kim Young‐Pil
Published: March 2015

The use of ZnO nanorods (NRs) as an effective coordinator and biosensing platform to create bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is reported. Herein, a hydrothermal approach is applied to obtain morphologically controlled ZnO NRs, which are directly bound to luciferase (Luc) and carboxy‐modified quantum dot (QD) acting as a donor–acceptor pair for BRET. BRET efficiency varies significantly with the geometry of ZnO NRs, which modulates the coordination between hexahistidine‐tagged Luc (Luc‐His6) and QD, owing to the combined effect of the total surface area consisting of (001) and (100) planes and their surface polarities. Unlike typical QD–BRET reactions with metal ions (e.g., zinc ions), a geometry‐controlled ZnO NR platform can facilitate the design of surface‐initiated BRET sensors without being supplemented by copious metal ions: the geometry‐controlled ZnO NR platform can therefore pave the way for nanostructure‐based biosensors with enhanced analytical performance.
Viscosity Model for Iron Blast Furnace Slags in SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO System
Authors: Han Chen , Chen Mao , Zhang Weidong , Zhao Zhixing , Evans Tim , Nguyen Anh V. , Zhao Baojun
Published: March 2015

Operational performance of ironmaking processes is determined to a great extent by its slag viscosity. A simple and accurate viscosity model for blast furnace (BF) slags has been developed based on the Urbain model using the critically evaluated experimental data reported by the authors and other researchers. A total number of 2958 viscosity measurements from 582 compositions in the SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO system have been collected from 34 publications. These data have been critically reviewed for developing a viscosity model for ironmaking slags. The model has been significantly revised by consideration of alumina behavior in this system and re‐optimization of the parameters using large quantity and high quality data. The new model has less number of parameters, but better performance in the viscosity predictions. Applications of the new viscosity model on BF operation have been discussed.
Sustainable Transport: BRT experiences from Mexico and India
Authors: Rogat Jorge , Dhar Subash , Joshi Rutul , Mahadevia Darshini , Mendoza Juan Carlos
Published: March 2015

Increasing population and urbanization is creating a steadily increasing demand for transportation in the cities of many developing countries, coinciding with rapid economic growth leading to increasing demand for higher standards of living and faster and more efficient modes of transportation. The decisions made today regarding transport infrastructure will affect long‐term travel behavior, with corresponding impacts on the economy, society, and the environment, the last impact being one of the most important in times of steadily rising environmental concern. The successful experiences of Curitiba in Brazil and Bogotá in Colombia have served as a source of inspiration for other cities in Latin America and elsewhere. In 1973 Curitiba became the first city in the world to introduce an integrated land use and transport infrastructure approach with an integrated transport network based on bus rapid transit (BRT). The BRT systems of Curitiba and Bogotá have subsequently been adopted all over the world with some variations. Implementation of two recent BRTs, Mexico City and Ahmedabad in India, are examined in this paper. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:564–574. doi: 10.1002/wene.162

This article is categorized under:

Energy and Development > Economics and Policy

Energy Research & Innovation > Climate and Environment
Culling reduces fecal pellet deposition by introduced sambar (Rusa unicolor) in a protected water catchment
Authors: Bennett Ami , Haydon Shane , Stevens Melita , Coulson Graeme
Published: March 2015

Introduced sambar (Rusa unicolor) occur at high density within the Upper Yarra Catchment, an important watershed for the supply of water to Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Contamination by zoonotic pathogens in sambar fecal pellets poses a serious risk to water quality. We describe spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and density of sambar in the Upper Yarra Catchment between 2003 and 2012, and assess ground‐based culling as a technique to reduce the risk of fecal contamination of the water supply. Sambar density, as indexed by fecal pellet deposition, was inversely related to distance from the reservoir, and aggregations of up to 70 sambar occurred on open flats adjacent to the reservoir, where they foraged mostly at dusk. Culling by ground‐shooting halved fecal pellet density on these flats, primarily through short‐term deterrence rather than a significant reduction of the population. As culling continued, fecal pellet deposition declined further, reducing the likely risk to water supplies. We conclude that localized deterrence through targeted culling of sambar at this site is an effective management technique for decreasing deer fecal deposition and the risk of contamination by zoonotic pathogens of Melbourne's water supply. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
A life‐cycle analysis of minority underrepresentation in natural resource fields
Authors: Haynes Nia , Jacobson Susan K. , Wald Dara M.
Published: March 2015

Racial and ethnic diversity in natural resource careers does not reflect U.S. population trends. To explore potential drivers of underrepresentation in this field, we used a life‐cycle analysis to review 55 scholarly articles to identify barriers and supports influencing career choices (i.e., personal, contextual, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations) across 4 age groups. The number of cited barriers differed significantly among age groups. Personal influences included race or ethnicity, gender, age, and perceptions or predispositions toward nature. The latter was the most cited barrier for youth. Contextual influences included social, familial, structural, and experiential, and varied significantly between age groups. Exposure to nature was the most cited contextual barrier for all groups: 59% for youth, 40% for high school, 43% for college, and 50% for career. Self‐efficacy was emphasized in studies referencing youth, high school, and college age groups, and outcome expectations were only discussed in studies of the career group. After the literature analysis, we reviewed web sites, reports, and conducted personal interviews to explore how 21 federal natural‐resource agency diversity programs address variables influencing minority recruitment. Participating agencies reported challenges recruiting individuals, ensuring funding, and creating welcoming environments for minority participants, many of whom have never experienced remote natural environments or nontraditional careers. Our analysis revealed the need for a modified Framework for Career Influences. The proposed framework combines existing theories on social career choice and minority involvement in natural resource activities, but identifies personal and contextual influences that are important for minority students, as endogenous variables that influence and are influenced by self‐efficacy and outcome expectations. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Differences in management action acceptability for coyotes in a National Park
Authors: Sponarski Carly C. , Vaske Jerry J. , Bath Alistair J.
Published: March 2015

Successful wildlife management often depends on public acceptance of wildlife control methods. We explored the acceptability and amount of consensus among local residents, park staff, and visitors for coyote (Canis latrans) management in Cape Breton Highlands National Park of Canada (NPC). We collected data near Cape Breton Highlands NPC, where there has been an increase in human–coyote conflict. Local residents were mailed a questionnaire (n = 578; 72% return rate) in 2011. Park staff completed the questionnaire (n = 124; 85% return rate) during 2011 and visitors were interviewed on trails and given a mail‐back questionnaire during 2011 and 2012 (n = 375; 51% return rate). The Potential for Conflict Index was used to examine differences in acceptability among the 3 groups. Acceptability of different management options was evaluated for 3 situations: 1) a coyote crossed the trail; 2) a coyote approached a person; and 3) a snarling coyote approached a person. All 3 groups tended to prefer nonlethal management options, but as the scenarios increased in threat level, lethal and more invasive options became more acceptable. Understanding which management options were more acceptable in different contexts facilitates informed decision‐making when humans and coyotes come into conflict. Contrasting public(s) views against those of managers highlighted situations whereby problems might occur. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis and Structural Features of New Schiff Base Complexes of Mononuclear MnIV, Dinuclear CoIICoIII, and Tetranuclear CuII
Authors: Back Davi F. , Manzoni de Oliveira Gelson , Mensch Canabarro Cibele , Almeida Iglesias Bernardo
Published: March 2015

2‐(((2‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methylene)amino)‐2(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐propanediol (LH4, as abbreviation) reacts with MnCl2·4H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, and Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O to give the new complexes [Mn(LH2)2] (1), [Co2Cl(H2O)(LH2)2]·4H2O (2), and [Cu4(LH2)4(H2O)4] (3). Complex 1 is formed by the assembly of two molecules of the ligand with one manganese(IV) ion. In the mixed‐valence cobalt complex 2 there is an asymmetry between the coordination spheres of cobalt(II) and cobalt(III). In the tetramer 3 four copper(II) ions attain a distorted tetrahedral configuration surrounded by four molecules of the ligand.
The Methanosarcina acetivorans thioredoxin system activates DNA binding of the redox-sensitive transcriptional regulator MsvR
Authors: Sheehan Ryan , McCarver Addison C , Isom Catherine E , Karr Elizabeth A , Lessner Daniel J
Published: March 2015

The production of biogas (methane) by an anaerobic digestion is an important facet to renewable energy, but is subject to instability due to the sensitivity of strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaea (methanogens) to environmental perturbations, such as oxygen. An understanding of the oxidant-sensing mechanisms used by methanogens may lead to the development of more oxidant tolerant (i.e., stable) methanogen strains. MsvR is a redox-sensitive transcriptional regulator that is found exclusively in methanogens. We show here that oxidation of MsvR from Methanosarcina acetivorans (MaMsvR) with hydrogen peroxide oxidizes cysteine thiols, which inactivates MaMsvR binding to its own promoter (PmsvR). Incubation of oxidized MaMsvR with the M. acetivorans thioredoxin system (NADPH, MaTrxR, and MaTrx7) results in reduction of the cysteines back to thiols and activation of PmsvR binding. These data confirm that cysteines are critical for the thiol-disulfide regulation of PmsvR binding by MaMsvR and support a role for the M. acetivorans thioredoxin system in the in vivo activation of MaMsvR. The results support the feasibility of using MaMsvR and PmsvR, along with the Methanosarcina genetic system, to design methanogen strains with oxidant-regulated gene expression systems, which may aid in stabilizing anaerobic digestion.
Psychosocial Responses to being Identified as a Balanced Chromosomal Translocation Carrier: a Qualitative Investigation of Parents in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Mikiko , Ohashi Hirofumi , Takamura Tomoko , Kawame Hiroshi
Published: March 2015

Undergoing chromosome analysis and receiving the results may have various psychosocial effects. To identify the impact on balanced translocation carriers identified through affected offspring, we conducted semi‐structured interviews with eleven parents at Saitama Children's Medical Center. The results of the interviews were analyzed qualitatively by the KJ (Kawakita Jiro) method. Categories and subcategories of the various thoughts, emotions and responses experienced by balanced chromosomal translocation carriers were extracted. Participants’ reactions were mixed, and appeared to be interrelated in some cases. Parents’ reactions were sometimes ambivalent with regard to effects on reproductive issues and disclosure of test results. We recommend genetic counseling before and after carrier testing to help parents cope with the mixed and complex thoughts and feelings that arise upon being identified as a carrier.
A Research Note on Trends in Black Hypersegregation
Authors: Massey Douglas S. , Tannen Jonathan
Published: March 2015

In this note, we use a consistently defined set of metropolitan areas to study patterns and trends in black hypersegregation from 1970 to 2010. Over this 40-year period, 52 metropolitan areas were characterized by hypersegregation at one point or another, although not all at the same time. Over the period, the number of hypersegregated metropolitan areas declined by about one-half, but the degree of segregation within those areas characterized by hypersegregation changed very little. As of 2010, roughly one-third of all black metropolitan residents lived in a hypersegregated area.
Off-label intranasal oxytocin use in adults is associated with increased amygdala-cingulate resting-state connectivity
Authors: Kovács B. , Kéri S.
Published: March 2015

Intranasally administered oxytocin gained popularity as a hormone facilitating trust, cooperation, and affiliation. However, the long-term consequences of oxytocin use are not known. Given that intensive media attention and advertisements of the “love hormone” might lead to a new form of misuse, we conducted an online survey and identified 41 individuals with oxytocin misuse. Misuse will be proposed throughout the manuscript instead of the more accurate “off-label use” for reasons of simplicity. We compared the social functions of oxytocin users with that of 41 matched control volunteers. We administered the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test” (RMET) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) Toolbox Adult Social Relationship Scales (NIH-ASRS) to delineate affective “theory of mind” and real-life social functions, respectively. Resting-state functional brain connectivity analyses were also carried out. Results revealed no significant differences between individuals with oxytocin misuse and control participants on the RMET and NIH-ASRS. However, individuals with oxytocin misuse showed an increased connectivity between the right amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex relative to the control group. Higher estimated cumulative doses of oxytocin were associated with enhanced amygdala-cingulate connectivity. These results show that individuals who have self-selected for and pursued oxytocin use have increased amygdala-cingulate resting connectivity, compared to individuals who have not used oxytocin, despite the lack of differences in RMET and NIH-ASRS scores. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the cause-effect relationship between oxytocin use and brain connectivity.
SRB measures for almost Axiom A diffeomorphisms
Authors: ALVES JOSÉ F. , LEPLAIDEUR RENAUD
Published: March 2015

We consider a diffeomorphism $f$ of a compact manifold $M$ which is almost Axiom A, i.e. $f$ is hyperbolic in a neighborhood of some compact $f$-invariant set, except in some singular set of neutral points. We prove that if there exists some $f$-invariant set of hyperbolic points with positive unstable Lebesgue measure such that for every point in this set the stable and unstable leaves are ‘long enough’, then $f$ admits an SRB (probability) measure.
The Street Leaders of Seoul and the Foundations of the South Korean Political Order
Authors: MOBRAND ERIK
Published: March 2015

In the decade and a half following Korean liberation from Japan in 1945, a category of men prowled Seoul's back alleys and also its halls of power. These figures might be called street leaders, for they were directly linked on one hand to private agents of violence and on the other to the top state and political elites of the country. The most notorious individuals included Kim Tu-han, a gang leader who became an elected politician, and Yi Chŏng-jae, a ‘political gangster’ who helped party politicians with their dirty work. Street leaders like Kim and Yi were on the scene at key moments in the republic's early political development. An examination of the political careers of Kim and Yi reveals how important cooperation between such actors and elite politicians was to state-building, political mobilization, and design of electoral institutions—processes that created the contemporary South Korean polity. Both the alliances between politicians and street leaders as well as the destruction of those alliances left deep impressions on South Korean politics.
From Kabul to Kiev: Afghan trading networks across the former Soviet Union
Authors: MARSDEN MAGNUS
Published: March 2015

While the territory of Afghanistan is widely connected in the popular and historical imagination to long-distance trade, Afghan society continues to be popularly represented as being made-up of ‘tribes’, who subscribe to static ‘honour codes’, and tenaciously cling to archaic tribal values. This article examines the significance of traders of Afghan background to commodity flows across a wide range of contexts in the former Soviet Union, especially in Russia and Ukraine and the Muslim-majority Central Asian Republics. It charts the social and political backgrounds of the merchants who make up this trading network, the nature of their connections to one another and the forms of mobility that make these connections possible, their complex relations with the communities amongst whom they live, and the types of moral value they attach to their work as traders.