bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green engineering approach with microstructured coiled flow inverter for CMF and
HMF continuous flow synthesis
Authors:   Darmstadt University of Applied
            Science, Schael Frank , Nigam Krishna ,   Indian Institute of
            Technology Delhi, Rojahn Patrick ,   Hochschule Darmstadt
            University of Applied Science
Published: November 2022

Since the first publication of the 12 green engineering principles by Anastas and
coworkers in 2003 a considerable body of literature developed the idea and its
systematic application further. Nowadays several chemical process assessment tools
include green engineering principles. This talk gives an overview on the status of green
engineering in process assessment and presents a process development example following
green engineering principles such as employment of renewable rather than depleting
feedstocks and maximization of mass, energy, space and time efficiency among
others.
In particular, investigations of the technical synthesis of
5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural HMF and 5-(chloromethyl) furfural CMF from sugars and sugar
containing waste streams is presented. HMF and CMF attracted a lot of attention in
recent literature as potential candidates for new platform chemicals. However, mainly
studies of batch processes are so far available.
In continuation of earlier
investigations process development for a continuous flow synthesis of HMF and CMF is
performed by means of a reactive extraction which allows to beneficially combine
separation and reaction unit operations in a single processing step. A coiled flow
inverter reactor concept with reactor diameters on the scale of millimeter and
submillimeter is used. The hydrodynamic properties of the reactor concept in conjunction
with small reactor diameters assure efficient heat and mass transfer, narrow residence
time distribution and improved safety when compared to regular batch processes. The
continuous flow approach allows more easy adaption to changing processing demands and
better process control.
In systematic investigations environmentally benign
extraction solvents, reaction temperature, initial sugar concentrations, and reactor
geometry is varied. Kinetic details as well as the influence of flow regimes of the
two-phase mixture and hydrodynamic aspects of the reactor operation are elucidated. This
information is of relevance for optimization for a later scale-up of the process in line
with green engineering principles.
Epoxy materials with triglyceride structure
Authors:   Pittsburg State
            University, Petrovic Zoran , Radojcic Dragana ,   Pittsburg State
            University, Hong Jian
Published: November 2022

Preparing materials for technical applications made completely from natural oils
is always aÂ respectable goal. Epoxidized oils are an excellent platform for a range of
new polymers, including cross-linked epoxy resins prepared by cationic ring-opening
polymerization. Casts of glassy or rubbery epoxy resins were made from epoxidized algal,
soybean, and linseed oils at room temperature, in relatively short amounts of time.Â 
The tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane catalyst allowed for precise control of the processing
time and curing temperature, even at very low concentrations. Properties of the resins
were dependent on both the degree of conversion and initial epoxy content.Â 
Co-polymerization with small amounts of cyclohexene oxide led to improved strength and
modulus. The limits of the mechanical properties achievable with triglyceride structure
alone were studied. Materials displayed good mechanical, optical and electrical
properties.
Unknown unknowns in lipidomics: A de novo method for fatty acid discovery
Authors:   Queensland University of Technology, Blanksby Stephen , Poad Berwyck ,   Queensland University of Technology, Marshall David , Menzel Philipp , Young Reuben
Published: November 2022

Current technologies for fatty acid analysis are overly reliant on the availability of reference libraries, databases and standards. This reliance is hampering the discovery of novel fatty acids and obscuring a full view of lipid metabolism across the kingdoms of life. Recent high-profile discoveries of novel lipids with site(s) of unsaturation inconsistent with canonical lipid metabolism stress the need for new technologies that can provide robust identifications of fatty acids without reliance on prior assumptions. Herein we present advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the de novo identification and quantification of fatty acids in lipid extracts. The workflow combines fixed-charge derivatization with ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) for sensitive detection of low-abundant fatty acids with unambiguous assignment of site(s) of unsaturation. Chromatographic alignment of precursor ions with OzID transitions is undertaken using a bespoke Skyline pipeline providing unbiased identification of fatty acids over a relative concentration range spanning more than 4-orders of magnitude. Application of this analytical workflow to lipid extracts from diverse sources including human plasma, cell lines and vernix caseosa has led to the discovery of new fatty acids that point to hitherto undescribed metabolism within the source cell or organism. The description of these “unknown unknowns” particularly in well-studied systems “such as human plasma” points to a substantially great diversity in the lipidome than previously appreciated.
Cost effective hygienic design strategies for your protein plant
Authors:   Process Plus LLC, McCullough Dennis , Korte Scott ,   Process Plus
            LLC
Published: November 2022

One item which is generally not discussed in food manufacturing is how to design
facilities which provide the ability to perform proper cleaning and sanitization for low
water activity products. As example, a typical approach for handling low water activity
products is to dry clean and attempt to heat sanitize without introducing water or other
fluids for cleaning and sanitization (which could increase the micro risk). This is a
developing area with great importance for control of pathogens in soybean oil processing
preparation and extraction areas. Without a kill step in place, all processing
operations and finished products developed from oil extraction have shown sensitivity to
potentially harmful microbiological contamination.However, having a "Kill"
step to the manufacturing process of oil processing operations is not enough in the
avoidance of microbiological contamination.  Beyond having hygienic designed equipment
with proper cleaning and sanitization processes for low water activity products, one
must understand facility design, and the application of hygienic zones (i.e., material
flows and personnel transfers) within the manufacturing environment.  Before we jump to
the conclusion of selecting the €˜best' designs, we must provide the right technical
solution(s), which is based on understanding current designs.  The desired facility
state and hygienic equipment design facilitates both zoning control and supports proper
cleaning and sanitization steps.  This is accomplished through design
actions:1.  Effective physical and operational segregation of raw materials (dirty side)
and finished product (clean side) via the "Kill" step process.2.    Materials
and flow of people facilitate the separation and segregations.3.  Proper HVAC
pressurization between manufacturing processes and warehousing with special emphasis on
"Post-Kill" pre-packaging areas.The results indicate the importance of
selecting cost effective hygienic design for equipment and facilities within oil
processing operations. Implementing recommended equipment design features and facility
segregation steps should meet the objectives targeted.
Ce 6a-2021 HPLC analysis of phenolic antioxidants: A successful collaborative trialÂ during the Covid pandemic
Authors:   Retired, Collison Mark
Published: November 2022

In 2019 Official Method Ce 6-86—Antioxidants, Liquid Chromatographic Method, was rewritten in modern format and preparations were underway for a collaborative trial. The Covid pandemic greatly impacted those plans. The difficulties in completing the collaborative trial as well as the successful results will be presented.
Delivery systems for omega-3 oils
Authors:   Technical University of
            Denmark, Jacobsen Charlotte , Sorensen Ann-Dorit Moltke ,   Technical University of
            Denmark, Yesiltas Betul ,   Technical University of
            Denmark
Published: November 2022

Research during the last four decades has demonstrated that oils rich in the
highly polyunsaturated marine omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, have several health
benefits. The positive health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids have led to increased use
of omega-3 oils for functional foods. However, due to their polyunsaturated nature,
omega-3 oils are highly susceptible to lipid oxidation, which decreases their
nutritional value, gives rise to off-flavors and leads to the formation of toxic
aldehydes during food enrichment and digestion. Development of delivery systems, which
allows food fortification with omega-3 PUFAs is a possible strategy to reduce lipid
oxidation. This presentation will discuss different types of delivery systems including
low and high fat emulsions and micro-encapsulated fish oil using different encapsulation
techniques such as spray drying and electrospraying. It will be discussed how different
emulsifiers and encapsulating materials will affect the oxidative stability of the
delivery emulsion.
Lipid separation and structural characterization using travelling wave cyclic ion mobility
Authors:   Waters Corporation, Isaac Giorgis , Olivos Hernando , Plumb Robert
Published: November 2022

The analysis and structural characterization of lipids remain challenging due to the chemical structure diversity and isobaric nature. In recent years, liquid chromatography coupled to ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS) for lipidomics has shown advantages in lipid identification. In particular, collision cross section (CCS) obtained from the IM measurements represents a physical property that can be used to enhance the confidence of lipid identification. Data were collected on a hybrid quadrupole cyclic IM (cIM) orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight instrument. It provides the option to perform either a single pass, or multiple passes until the desired resolution is achieved. MS and CID fragmentation data were obtained on precursor IM separated lipids followed by TOF mass measurement. Using the advanced travelling WAVE technology, a portion of the IMS separation can be selected and stored in a Pre-Array trap region. The stored ions can be re-injected to enable ion mobility analysis and by repeating this IMS to the “n” experiments can be performed. Ion mobility provides additional separation dimension that allows the separation of isobaric and isomeric compounds. The separation and structural characterization of different lipid classes using cIM is currently under study. Different lipid classes with positional isomer (Sn1/Sn2 vs Sn2/Sn1), different double bond positions, cis and trans isomers, glucosyl and galactosyl ceramide isomers, PIP and ganglioside isomers were investigated. Some of the isomers were baseline separated only after 1 pass (approximately at 65 IMS resolution) and others with 50 passes (approximately at 450 IMS resolution). In summary, cyclic IMS provides novel, scalable ion mobility resolution and the increased resolution is useful to resolve and separate isobaric and isomeric lipids species. Advanced modes of operation with ion activation followed by ion mobility separation offers new insights into lipid structural characterization.
Determination of oxidation stability and shelf life of cannabis
formulations
Authors:   University of
            Windsor, Marquardt Drew , Castillo Stuart ,   University of
            Windsor
Published: November 2022

The characterization of cannabis extract in an industrial setting is required for
both quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC) and antioxidant research and
development (R&D) purposes. More importantly, having a rapid and straightforward
streamlined process is essential for the daily operational success of any R&D
department. Using physical techniques such as polarimetry, refractometry, and
densitometry, the physical properties of three cannabis extract compositions in carrier
oils were characterized and examined: pure Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol
(CBD), and a THC/CBD mixture. Furthermore, a Rapidoxy 100 â€“ oxidation stability tester
was used to investigate the shelf of our samples; these were subsequently characterized
by polarimetry, refractometry, and densitometry. To validate and support our findings
with the aforementioned instruments, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was
used. To examine varying sample concentrations of THC, CBD, and THC/CBD mixtures, we
employed polarimetry, refractometry, and densitometry. The results showed a linear
dependence on concentration for all three instruments with good reproducibility,
verified and supported by HPLC analysis. These rapid tests enable the identification of
cannabis extract compositions, while additionally giving details about concentration of
extract in the sample. Additionally, the aforementioned techniques were used for
cannabis mixtures after and before oxidation to characterize various stages in the
oxidative process. Oxidation of mixtures generally resulted in higher density and lower
refractive index values, with optical rotation remaining relatively similar. These
findings were further supported by HPLC data providing validation of these techniques.
These simple and straightforward techniques allowed for measurements of cannabis (THC,
CBD, and THC/CBD) rapidly and effectively. Overall, we found these simple techniques to
be effective, rapid, and suitable for the determination and quantification of THC, CBD,
and THC/CBD in cannabis extract for industrial applications. These strategies will pave
the way for future R&D focused on safe antioxidant for cannabis products.
Strategies to prevent hemoglobin-mediated lipid oxidation in fish
Authors:   Chalmers University of
            Technology, Undeland Ingrid
Published: November 2022

During the last 20 years, numerous studies have revealed how hemoglobin (Hb)
strongly controls development of lipid oxidation in fish muscle; more so than the total
lipid content or the relative amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Chalmers, three
main routes have been explored to combat Hb-mediated lipid oxidation in fish muscle; (i)
preventing lysis of the red blood cells (RBC), (ii) removing Hb during processing, or
(iii), introducing natural antioxidants. Key results from these strategies will be
revealed. In (i), which is mainly applicable to very early steps of the fish process
chain, we have found for example that avoiding osmotic or mechanic pressure as well as
temperature raises keeps the RBC intact. Important RBC-stabilizing factors were also
identified in blood plasma of herring and trout. In terms of Hb-removal, washing or
pH-shift processing of different types of fish raw materials have been studied. Among
findings are that repeated washing of fish mince (3Ã—3 volumes), e.g. in surimi
production, can remove nearly 85% heme and yield relatively stable minces. On the other
hand, limited washing (1Ã—1 volumes) destabilizes fish mince despite >60% heme
removal, pointing at wash-out of antioxidants counteracting the effect of Hb removal.
Work with antioxidants has been done both in simpler models such as washed fish mince
and with more complex systems as filleting rest raw materials. Particularly interesting
results have been found when using bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) or rosemary extracts
as well as grape or lingonberry press cakes. Extracts/solutions provides the possibility
to apply antioxidants onto the surface of intact fish tissue via dipping or incubation
treatments which is easy to implement in industry. The solid materials can on the other
hand be co-processed with fish (rest)raw materials proving a sustainable concept to
valorize different food side streams while at the same time preventing
oxidation.
Selective ionization of oxidized versus non-oxidized lipid species using different solvent additives in direct infusion MS
Authors:   Wageningen University and Research, Lazaridi Eleni , Hollebrands Boudewijn ,   Unilever
Published: November 2022

Lipid oxidation in food products is a crucial problem that causes undesirable changes in the foodâ€™s flavor, texture, nutritional value and consequently reduces shelf life. Even though lipid oxidation has been examined extensively and is rather well understood in bulk oils and fats, the processes behind it in more complex systems like emulsified foods are still largely unresolved. Oxidation reactions are believed to progress from the oil/water interface to the core of the oil droplets, making it important to understand the contribution of interfacial lipids (i.e. MAG, DAG and PL) to the lipid oxidation process. To study this, novel analytical tools are needed that allow the characterization of the highly complex mixture of oxidized species encountered in aged emulsified foods.In this study, a direct infusion mass spectrometry (MS) approach was set up to selectively ionize oxidized lipid species versus their non-oxidized precursors (DAG and TAG). Three mobile phase additives were investigated (NH4HCO2, C2H3NaO2 and NaI) at three different concentrations, and three ion source parameters (i.e. sheath gas temperature, nozzle and capillary voltage)were optimized. A fractional factorial design was conducted to examine not only the direct effect of the operating parameters on selective ionization of oxidized lipid species, but also assess their combined effect. A three level process was chosen to examine the effect of the selected parameters: (1) on the whole mass range of oxidized versus non oxidized lipid species, (2) on selected lipid species and their different oxidized forms, and (3) on the fragments of the lipid species investigated in the previous step. Selective ionization of oxidized versus non-oxidized lipid species was favored more by the use of sodium containing solvent additives. These findings will contribute to future studies on the influence of interfacial composition on lipid oxidation in complex emulsified food systems.
Developing Pickering and nanoemulsions for inhibiting lipid oxidation of aquatic
food products
Authors:   National University of
            Singapore, Yang Hongshun , Feng Xiao ,   Nanjing University of
            Finance & Economics, Ren Zhongyang ,   Jimei
            University
Published: November 2022

Emulsions including Pickering emulsions and nanoemulsions have enormous
application potential for inhibiting lipid oxidation. Polysaccharides like
Îº-carrageenan can improve the gel-like behavior of protein-stabilized Pickering
emulsions. Tea water-insoluble proteins and Îº-carrageenan can be used for preparing
fish oil-in-water Pickering emulsions and fish oil gels. The characteristics of
Pickering emulsions and fish oil gels at different proportion of tea water-insoluble
proteins and Îº-carrageenan were analyzed by high-speed homogenization assisted with
ultrasonic treatment. The physicochemical analysis and secondary structure of mixtures
showed that the turbidity reduced, particle size unchanged except that of mixtures at
80:20 and zeta potential was unaltered with the addition of Îº-carrageenan; meanwhile,
the secondary structure of mixtures changed due to the addition of Îº-carrageenan. The
viscoelastic behavior enhanced compared with that stabilized by tea water-insoluble
proteins only. Fish oil gels using mixture-stabilized PEs as a template had a solid-like
behavior with a storage modulus of approximately 200 kPa. Besides, the effects of
tocopherol nanoemulsions on lipid oxidation of fish sausages were assessed during 16-day
storage at 4€¯°C. Nanoemulsions including 250 and 500€¯mg/kg tocopherol improved fish
sausages' quality during cold storage and effectively inhibited lipid oxidation due to
low peroxide value and high polyunsaturated fatty acid content. The droplet diameter of
nanoemulsions including tocopherol stored at 4€¯°C for 16 days was below 500€¯nm. The
small droplets with even distribution, and high stability of tocopherol nanoemulsions
might explain the potential mechanism of inhibiting lipid oxidation in fish sausages.
Interestingly, nanoemulsions encapsulated with 250€¯mg/kg tocopherol were effective to
delay the lipid oxidation and improve fish sausages quality during cold storage. These
findings will be useful for developing new edible hydrocolloid systems such as Pickering
emulsions and nanoemulsions to inhibit lipid oxidation in aquatic products and broaden
the application of emulsions in food industry.
Inhibitory effect of sphingoid bases on the oxidative flavor deterioration of fish
oil.
Authors:   Obihiro University of Agric and
            Vet Med, Miyashita Kazuo , Hosokawa Masashi ,   Hokkaido
            University
Published: November 2022

Sphingoid bases (SPG), a backbone of sphingolipids, are kind of amino alcohol
containing long carbon chains. Although the importance of SPG as major component of
sphingolipids is well-known, little attention has been paid to the nutritional and
chemical properties of SPG itself. Recently, we have found that SPG supplementation to
diet-induced obese animals significantly attenuated the abdominal adipose tissue weight
gain and the hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we have reported the strong ability of SPG to
inhibit the oxidative deterioration of EPA- and DHA-containing oils such as fish oil.
Fish oil triacylglycerol (TAG) just after being refined by chromatographic separation
has little to no flavor. However, the TAG shows an unpleasant smell less than 1 hr after
leaving the chromatograph at room temperature. Although antioxidants and other methods
such as microencapsulation in a matrix are used to control the fish oil oxidation, it is
still difficult to completely prevent the formation of unpleasant fishy and rancid
odors. On the contrary, we have found the effective prevention of the volatile formation
in the fish oil TAG oxidation by SPG. The antioxidant activity of SPG synergistically
increased in the presence of general antioxidants such as tocopherols. The most likely
mechanism for the antioxidant activity of SPG is the formation of novel antioxidants by
the amino-carbonyl reaction between the amine group of SPG and the carbonyl group of
aldehydes, which are formed in a very early stage of the fish oil oxidation. At the same
time, the reaction can result in the removal of aldehydes responsible for flavor
deterioration.
New AOCS Methods and Methods under development
Authors:   AOCS, Wu Xin , Liu Fiona ,   AOCS, Bloomer Scott ,   AOCS
Published: November 2022

Newly issued and recently revised AOCS methods will be reviewed.
Os Açores e a Europa: ultraperiferia, autonomia e subsidiariedade
Authors: Fontes Paulo Vitorino
Published: November 2022

Desde a gênese do pensamento europeu açoriano, passando pela conquista da autonomia político-administrativa e com a entrada de Portugal na Comunidade Europeia, a Região Autónoma dos Açores tem empreendido um significativo percurso de integração europeia, onde também sobe inspirar outras ilhas e arquipélagos nos seus processos de emancipação política. Pretendemos explorar esse percurso na articulação de três conceitos: a autonomia; a ultraperiferia, em que a luta política das regiões e ilhas da Europa, destacando o papel dos Açores, conduziu à consagração do estatuto de ultraperiferia e a subsidiariedade entre o centro e as periferias, reforçada no Tratado de Lisboa. A metodologia seguida é a revisão bibliográfica dos contributos pertinentes à temática, equacionando as potencialidades e desafios que os Açores hoje enfrentam, para concluir que a fértil articulação da autonomia com a subsidiariedade, no atual quadro jurídico-político europeu, possibilita, para além do desenvolvimento interno, uma nova centralidade da Região na política internacional.
As nanotecnologias e as indústrias: aplicações e implicações
Authors: Maia João
Published: November 2022

Este artigo faz um levantamento das possíveis aplicações da nanotecnologia molecular às indústrias ligadas ao ambiente, saúde e transformação, entre outras.  Neste contexto, este trabalho também desenvolve o debate ético e político sobre as implicações decorrentes de um novo regime tecnológico específico baseado nas nanotecnologias. As considerações finais apontam para a necessidade de uma forte cooperação científica e tecnológica entre os países de modo a mitigar as possíveis fraturas sociais e ambientais. Em paralelo, os países devem implementar políticas internas para adaptarem o enquadramento institucional e social dos territórios às tecnologias emergentes, incluindo no debate social sobre as suas aplicações.
Preaching in Transition: A Homiletic Perspective from Latin America and Brazil
Authors: Adam Júlio Cézar
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this article is to reflect on homiletics and Christian preaching in the context of Latin America, in the current times of transition. In order to provide a better understanding of the approach, initially aspects of the Latin American religious and cultural context will be analyzed. Then there will be considerations on aspects of the development of Christian preaching, creating a space to think about the relationship between Christian preaching and theologies that are relevant to the context, such as liberation theology. Finally a few challenges to Christian preaching in times of transition will be pointed out. Due to the delimitation of the article, it will focus on the homiletic development of the historical Protestant churches on the continent, above all in the Brazilian context.
Fearing God in a Fear-Filled World? Homiletical Explorations
Authors: Ottoni-Wilhelm Dawn
Published: November 2022

The presidential address introduces the 2018 conference theme through rhetorical, political, spiritual, and biblical understandings of fear as well as communicative and homiletical strategies for addressing fear in preaching. In addition to Aristotle’s Rhetoric, the prevalence of fear amid current U.S. political discourse is examined in light of the rhetorical analyses of Martha Nussbaum, professor of law and ethics at The University of Chicago. To develop an appropriately reverent fear of God while addressing the myriad anxieties around us, we may query our fears to better understand what is at stake in ignoring or addressing socio-political concerns. Beyond the rhetoric of fear, the spiritual writings of Julian of Norwich as well as numerous biblical texts (including the Book of Job and Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount) suggest communicative strategies that invite a homiletical poesis of divine love and compassion, including musical and theopoetic expressions of faith.
Preaching in Times of Pestilence – 1918 and 2020
Authors: Nystrand Clara
Published: November 2022

With the help of sermon manuscripts from the time of the Spanish flu, held within the Church of Sweden, new light is shed on sermons held in the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. The comparison shows, among other things, that a shift has been made in how God is portrayed. It also points to some challenging questions about suffering, hope and the role of eternity in preaching today.
Of Springs and Living Stones: Psalm 87 and the Memory of Zion in Christian Preaching
Authors: Sharp Carolyn J.
Published: November 2022

Central to Hebrew Scripture traditions of covenant fidelity is Zion: the holy city Jerusalem, chief locus of ancient Judean worship and a pilgrimage site for countless believers. In many biblical texts, Jerusalem is personified as Daughter Zion: beloved of YHWH, ravaged by enemies, awaiting God’s glorious restoration. This essay focuses on the act of remembering Zion as a sacred practice fruitful for the Christian homiletical imagination. Exploring Zion traditions with their congregations, preachers can deepen the capacity of their hearers to respond to historical and contemporary traumas, build up global communities in justice, and bear witness to the eschatological hope of the Gospel. Psalm 87 is a powerful resource for Christian believers learning to envision Zion as the joyous kin-dom of all who love the Holy One.
The Utilization of Heart Rate Variability for Autonomic Nervous System Assessment in Healthy Pregnant Women: Systematic Review
Authors: Sharifiheris Zahra , Rahmani Amir , Onwuka Joseph , Bender Miriam
Published: November 2022

Background

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a central role in pregnancy-induced adaptations, and failure in the required adaptations is associated with adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. Mapping maternal ANS function in healthy pregnancy may help to understand ANS function.

Objective

This study aimed to systematically review studies on the use of heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring to measure ANS function during pregnancy and determine whether specific HRV patterns representing normal ANS function have been identified during pregnancy.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was used to guide the systematic review. The CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases were searched to comprehensively identify articles without a time span limitation. Studies were included if they assessed HRV in healthy pregnant individuals at least once during pregnancy or labor, with or without a comparison group (eg, complicated pregnancy). Quality assessment of the included literature was performed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool. A narrative synthesis approach was used for data extraction and analysis, as the articles were heterogenous in scope, approaches, methods, and variables assessed, which precluded traditional meta-analysis approaches being used.

Results

After full screening, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. In 88% (7/8) of the studies, HRV was measured using electrocardiogram and operationalized in 3 different ways: linear frequency domain (FD), linear time domain (TD), and nonlinear methods. FD was measured in all (8/8), TD in 75% (6/8), and nonlinear methods in 25% (2/8) of the studies. The assessment duration varied from 5 minutes to 24 hours. TD indexes and most of the FD indexes decreased from the first to the third trimesters in the majority (5/7, 71%) of the studies. Of the FD indexes, low frequency (LF [nu]) and the LF/high frequency (HF) ratio showed an ascending trend from early to late pregnancy, indicating an increase in sympathetic activity toward the end of the pregnancy.

Conclusions

We identified 3 HRV operationalization methods along with potentially indicative HRV patterns. However, we found no justification for the selection of measurement tools, measurement time frames, and operationalization methods, which threaten the generalizability and reliability of pattern findings. More research is needed to determine the criteria and methods for determining HRV patterns corresponding to ANS functioning in healthy pregnant persons.
Literaturaspost humanas. Reflexiones en torno a algunas estrategias del uso narrativo de las inteligencias artificiales
Authors: Rodríguez-Ruiz Jaime Alejandro , Rodríguez-García Daniel Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la manera de cómo la literatura ha apropiado los retos del llamado posthumanismo en sus diversas prácticas, incorporando, más allá de su función mimética, ejercicios que implican la transformación de funciones creativas, críticas e investigativas derivadas de su soporte en tecnologías como la inteligencia artificial, el maching learning, y el análisis big data. La conciencia del imperativo contemporáneo de un desligue de la visión antropocéntrica y la atención vigilante, responsable y humilde a las nuevas sensibilidades, retos y posibilidades que abre esta condición, son los criterios de análisis que guían esta reflexión. En una primera parte se presentan, sin pretender agotarlas, nueve formas de entender las literaturas posthumanas, haciendo énfasis en los retos conceptuales y prácticos que implica el soporte en inteligencias artificiales para la creación de textos y expresiones literarias. En la segunda parte se describen brevemente siete ejemplos de lo que consideramos ejercicios que ilustran el giro posthumanista en la literatura. En las conclusiones hacemos énfasis en las implicaciones de un giro algorítmico para la cultura, la necesidad de atender las inteligencias artificiales empáticas como imperativo para las nuevas prácticas creativas, el horizonte que abre para la reflexión la computación cuántica como modelo de la programación humana y el llamado a entender, atender y extender las nuevas sensibilidades y espacios creativos y literarios que todas estas circunstancias configuran para el hacer del creador, del investigador y del estudioso de la literatura.
espejo digital
Authors: Fuentes-Cabrera José Gustavo
Published: November 2022

El ensayo reflexiona sobre la inteligencia artificial (IA) y, al igual que espejos, refleja la actividad humana y reproduce, en el mundo digital, información precisa de nuestra existencia, ya sean las virtudes y, en una conjetura terrible, las actividades perversas que como especie estamos tratando de erradicar; mantenernos atentos sobre el desarrollo de la IA nos permite considerar los dilemas de la humanidad que se presentan.
Probióticos como tratamiento psiconutricional para la anorexia nerviosa. Una revisión sistemática/Probiotics as a psychonutritional treatment for anorexia nervosa. A systematic review
Authors: Martínez Moreno Alma Gabriela
Published: November 2022

Las personas con anorexia nerviosa manifiestan dificultades psicológicas y gastrointestinales. Se afirma que la anorexia nerviosa es sinónimo de una comunidad microbiana intestinal desregulada. Al parecer, existen diferencias notables en la composición de la microbiota de las personas con anorexia nerviosa en comparación con personas sanas; en la cual, se encuentra una interacción entre las bacterias intestinales y los sistemas de control de saciedad, ansiedad o estado de ánimo. Por su parte, se advierte que los probióticos modifican la microbiota y mejoran el bienestar mental y síntomas intestinales, pero actualmente no se han documentado los resultados de aquellos estudios que evidencien la eficacia de los probióticos en la terapia psiconutricional de la anorexia nerviosa. Se realizó una revisión sistemática para identificar tales estudios bajo los procedimientos de la Medicina Basada en Evidencia y la declaración PRISMA a través del formato PICO. Se encontraron siete estudios que demuestran efectos positivos en la recuperación del peso corporal, salud intestinal, mental y respuesta antiinflamatoria. La escasa información al respecto representa un área de oportunidad para establecer protocolos de investigación que indaguen más acerca de los efectos de los probióticos en la recuperación de personas con anorexia nerviosa.
Autoestima y su medición
Authors: Guillén Riebeling Raquel del Socorro , Reidl Martínez Lucy María
Published: November 2022

Bajo el panorama de la Psicología Clínica y de la Salud, se abordan factores psicológicos relacionados con la condición corporal de peso corporal, la cual es denominada  como Índice de Masa Corporal o IMC, resultado de la medición antropológica y cuya clasificación va del rango de bajo peso al de obesidad. Entre los factores o modalidades relacionadas con el IMC de sobrepeso y obesidad, se encuentran: la personalidad, la emoción, la cognición, la conducta y las relaciones interpersonales. En este artículo, se aborda la modalidad emocional que se vincula con otras modalidades, la Autoestima en su conceptualización y en su medición. El instrumento de Autoestima (Reidl-Martínez, 2002), se analiza en sus versiones anteriores hasta su versión final como Escala de Autoestima de Reidl Martínez (2002).
Study of Solar PV Module Using Incremental Conductance MPPT with Boost Converter and Sepic Converter
Authors: Saurabh Shivendra , Pandey Priyesh , Pandey Ajay Shekhar
Published: November 2022

Abstract: In this study, the maximum power point is tracked precisely and quickly using an MPPT technique based on incremental conductance (INC). Based on the PV voltage and current, the Incremental Conductance (INC) technique searches for the precise MPP. PV-based power generation systems use the MPPT algorithm and two separate DC-DC converters to increase the output voltage. Using the MATLAB simulink system, the proposed algorithm's operation is simulated. At the conclusion of this work, conclusions were reached after comparing the algorithm's performance when using Boost Converter and SEPIC Converter.
Durability Behavior of Nano-Silica and OMMT Nano-Clay In High Performance Concrete
Authors: N Sanjay , Thanusha
Published: November 2022

Abstract: In this work here the nanomaterials are colloidal and one is in aqueous state and other one is powdered form, so the materials are in liquid form so the usage of water for the mix is also decreases and the as the mix design is done for M60 so the water use is also limited or designed and the additional use is restricted for the water. Here in this work study as a durability behaviour study in high performance concrete the 30% GGBS is used here as the admixture and the cement content is also reduced and the superplasticizer of epoxy based is used for the sitting of the concrete and the strength increasing liquid are used. This work carried out for the testing of the specimens with days of curing of 7, 14 & 28 days for the mechanical properties here flexure testing is not done due to usage of highly expensive nanomaterials in actions. In this testing determines the dosage of the nano silica. Firstly 2, 4 & 6% nano silica are added in respectively mixed in concrete and casted and cured and tested and the result shows the 2% as the optimum dosage in the mechanical properties as well as the durability properties. Secondly keeping 2% nano silica as the constant and the OMMT nano clay 2, 4 & 6% are added and mixed and casted and cured and mechanical properties are determined and as well as durability is determined as the objective of the work is defined and scope of the work also states the experimental analysis of the work with microstructure analysis like SEM and EDX are done with samples to determine the additional compositions in the concrete and the conclusions is also done with concluding the project work.
Promoting global well-being through fairtrade food: the role of international exposure
Authors: Yamoah Fred A. , Yawson David Eshun
Published: November 2022

Social preference theory highlights an alternative explanation for consumption choices that are not consistent with rational economic decision making. In the current research, social preference theorizing is advanced by highlighting consumers’ exposure to developing countries (international exposure) as a factor that increases disposition to support fairtrade. The study shows that internationally exposed consumers through direct and indirect means demonstrate social concern by engaging in fairtrade food purchasing behaviour. Managers employing social preference appeals could prioritise internationally exposed consumers and heighten perceptions of equality restoration for a global reference group. The results imply that fairtrade marketers and public policymakers should highlight the benefits of fairtrade products to promote global equity.
CLIMATE CHANGE MEDIATED RESPONSE ON WEED, HERBICIDE AND THEIR VULNERABILITIES, CONSEQUENCES AND FUTURE SCOPES
Authors: DEBANGSHI UDIT , Duary Buddhadeb
Published: November 2022

Global climate change and its consequences such as rising temperatures,
hydrological cycle (variable rainfall), soil salinity due to inclusion
of sea water and rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, have an impact on
weed species, their population dynamics, growth, reproduction and
competitive ability and eventually crop productivity. Among these
environmental factors, rising CO2 levels will benefit C3 plants more
than C4 plants. Climate change can cause changes in the weed life cycle,
community composition. Over the course of the year, some weed species go
extinct while others develop into more noxious invaders and evolve
genetic artefacts in response to intensifying climatic and non-climatic
selection pressures. On the solution side, variations in temperature,
CO2 levels and rainfall alter stomatal conductance, cuticle viscosity,
transport, uptake, leaf retention duration and herbicide efficacy.
Therefore, to adapt and mitigate; it is important to review how climate
change can influence the crop-weed interaction.
Long-term hydrological and biogeochemical datasets from a Mediterranean forest site (Montseny, NE Spain)
Authors: Avila Anna , Rodà Ferran
Published: November 2022

In humid regions, the chemical flux and cycling of elements is
intimately linked to the hydrologic cycle. This insight opened in the
late s. XX a worldwide avenue for the use of small watersheds as
ecological units to study the hydrological and biogeochemical
functioning of ecosystems at the small catchment scale. The Montseny
catchment research, starting in 1978, initially addressed the forest
response to acid rain. But continuous recording for about 4 decades in
two small catchments allowed to describe the changes in streamwater
chemistry related to changes in atmospheric deposition (with particular
emphasis to S, N and P deposition), to climate change and to the inputs
of African dust. Further research and new hypothesis testing may take
advantage of the collected data series in these long-term study sites at
a Mediterranean site. This is the motivation for the publication of the
quality-checked original stream and atmospheric deposition chemistry
files whose links accompany this paper.
GERD and Its Association with BMI in Adult Patients Undergoing Upper GI Endoscopy at the Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: L Gathara
Published: November 2022

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common clinical problem affecting millions of people worldwide. GERD is highly prevalent in morbidly obese patients and a high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for this condition. However, there is differing data on the use of BMI as a predictor of GERD, its severity and frequency. We therefore aimed to determine the association between GERD and high BMI and to document the esophageal mucosal changes in these patients during endoscopy. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among the 174 GERD patients to investigate the association between BMI and GERD at Kenyatta National Hospital endoscopy unit. Patients aged 18 years and above presenting with classical symptoms of GERD were evaluated upon voluntary enrolment. Ethical approval was sought from the KNH-UON ethics& research committee. A questionnaire was administered with demographic data (age, gender, weight, height) and specific questions assessing for GERD. At endoscopy, the mucosal changes were recorded. Data was then summarized using means, frequencies and proportions. Association between patient demographics and GERD was evaluated using the Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables. Chi-square analysis was applied for categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This was an analysis of 174 patients (56.9% Female, 43.1% Male) between ages 18- 80 years (x̄=43) who underwent endoscopy. The BMI ranges were 14.5 to 38.6 Kg/m2 (x̄=26.6 Kg/m2). The proportion of patients who were overweight was 40.2% and obese patients made up 21.8% of the population. There was no significant association between BMI measurements and frequency scale of GERD (FSSG) symptoms (p=0.217). During endoscopy, 35.6% of the patients had esophagitis (LA-A -28.7%, LA-B – 6.9%). Hiatal hernia was diagnosed in 20.7% of the patients. There was no significant association between the diagnoses of esophagitis and hiatal hernia and the BMI status of the patients. However, older age was associated with a higher prevalence of hiatal hernia (p=0.002). Conclusion: There was no association between increasing BMI and frequency and severity of GERD symptoms in the study population.
Efektivitas Model Project Based Learning Berbasis Tri Kaya Parisudha dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPS Siswa SD
Authors: Nata I Gede Hendra , Sujana I Wayan
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Efektivitas Model Project Based Learning berbasis Tri Kaya Parisudha Dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Pengetahuan IPS Siswa SD. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Library Reserch dengan menggunakan tipe penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan meta analisis. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengupulkan data relevan dan berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang akan dikaji dan bersumber dari hasil penelitian ilmiah, jurnal-jurnal ilmiah, serta proses wawancara kepada peneliti yang telah melakukan penelitian sejenis. Analisis data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji effect size (ES) yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian yaitu data kedua Kelompok Eksperimen dengan Standar deviasi sebsar 6,72 dan Effect Size sebesar 3,05 sedangkan pada kelompok Kontrol didapatkan Standar Deviasinya yaitu 7,19 dan Effect Size nya yaitu 2,09. Untuk memperoleh besaran Kelompok eksperimen terhadap kelompok kontrol untuk mengetahui besaran dari efektivitas variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat yaitu dengan mencari selisih Effect Size dari kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol sehingga didapatkan besaran efeksivitas yaitu 3,05-2,09 = 0,96. Besaran dari efektivitas variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat yaitu 0,96 yang berada dalam kategori besar. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Project Based Learning berbasis Tri Kaya Parisudha efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pengetahuan IPS siswa sekolah dasar.
Pengembangan Media Scrapbook Model Dick and Carey Berorientasi Cerita Rakyat pada Muatan Pelajaran PPKn Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Puriasih Kadek Ayu , Putra Made
Published: November 2022

Kegiatan pembelajaran PPKn di sekolah dasar umumnya hanya menggunakan media berupa buku ajar dan dibelajarkan secara konvensional, sehingga siswa merasa bosan saat kegiatan pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mendeskripsikan rancang bangun dan validitas pengembangan media Scrapbook berorientasi cerita rakyat muatan pelajaran PPKn sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model Dick and Carey yang disederhanakan menjadi 8 tahapan. Subjek pada penelitian ini yaitu ahli isi muatan pelajaran, ahli desain pembelajaran, ahli media pembelajaran, dan siswa kelas V pada tahap uji coba perorangan dan coba kelompok kecil. Metode dan instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni berupa kuisioner/angket yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada uji ahli isi muatan pelajaran memperoleh hasil 91,66% dengan kategori sangat baik, uji validitas ahli desain pembelajaran memperoleh hasil 96,42% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, uji ahli media pembelajaran memperoleh hasil 88,90% dengan kualifikasi baik, uji coba perorangan memperoleh hasil 94,16% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik, dan uji coba kelompok kecil memperoleh hasil 95,27% dengan kualifikasi sangat baik. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media Scrapbook yang berorientasi cerita rakyat ini layak digunakan pada muatan pelajaran PPKn kelas V sekolah dasar.