bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting reproductive behaviour in Estonia in the 21st century
Authors: Tiit Ene-Margit
Published: September 2023

In Estonia where the population size is quite small (less than a million ethnic Estonians) the low birth rate has been a problem throughout known history.

In Estonia as in other Eastern European countries, the so-called transition shock appeared in the 1990s after regaining independence. As a result of the shock, the birth rate fell sharply; the number of births in 1994–2000 was twice less than the number of births ten years earlier, in 1984–1990. Intensive migration also lasted for about 25 years, and, as a result, the population of Estonia decreased by more than for 250 000 people (one sixth of the population). The ethnic structure of the population of Estonia also changed. Depending on the direction and volume of foreign migration, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population, which was 61.5% in 1991, increased to 67.9% by the turn of the century.

Postponing of births has been an important trend throughout the world, including in Estonia, in recent decades. In Estonia the average age of mothers who gave birth increased from 1991 to 2021 by almost 6 years. This means that, for 30 years, nearly a fifth of children were not born each year. The total fertility rate depends on the change in the average childbearing age. When the childbearing age increases (which has been happening in Estonia during the last 30 years), the total fertility rate (TFR) underestimates the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime. Although TFR is relatively low in Estonia now, oscillating between 1.5 and 1.7, this does not mean that the average number of children born by a woman is so low.

If a cohort of women (e.g., women born 45–49 years ago) has passed the fertile age, it is possible to determine the average number of children whom they actually gave birth during their lifetime. This indicator gives a much more optimistic picture about the fertility behaviour of Estonian women than TFR.

Ethnic Estonian women are more active in giving birth than the women of other ethnic origins. On average, Estonian women aged 40+ have given birth to 2 children.
Industrial legacy towards modern urban environment: a comparative study of Wroclaw and Brno
Authors: Kunc Josef , Sikorski Dominik , Novotná Markéta , Brezdeń Paweł , Ilnicki Dariusz , Tonev Petr , Marek Aneta
Published: September 2023

The paper examines the spatial structure of industrial production in the urban environment of two Central European cities, Wroclaw and Brno, and their changes during the transformation from centrally controlled to capitalist economies. The study used mapping techniques to analyse the spatial distribution of industrial activities, focusing on the representation of industrial sectors and major industrial enterprises in both cities. The research aimed to evaluate the spatial impacts of deindustrialization on the urban environment and subsequently interpret the functional and structural changes in the cities. Standard methodological procedures in regional sciences, including descriptive statistics and ArcGIS visualization, were employed. The results revealed similarities and differences in the transformation of the two cities and indicated the substantial scale of their post-industrial transformation. Major structural changes have occurred since the 1990s. The last two decades have been directed towards creating modern post-industrial environments while retaining the significant and visible industrial heritage.
Emotional and Motivational School Readiness of Six-Year-Old Children and Parental Support in Mothers’ Assessments
Authors: Michalska Paulina , Szymanik-Kostrzewska Anna
Published: September 2023

The aim of the research was to determine the readiness of 6-year-old children to start school education, especially the emotional and motivational readiness and the level of support for this readiness in the assessment of mothers. 131 mothers of 63 girls and 68 boys participated inthe research. Three proprietary research methods were used: the Child’s Emotional and Motivational Readiness Questionnaire for the Parent, the Parent’s Child’s School Readiness Assessment Questionnaire – version 3 and the Parent’s Questionnaire for Supporting the Child’sEmotional and Motivational Readiness. Both the level of school readiness of children and the level of support were assessed by the surveyed mothers as high. Numerous positive correlations were observed between the manifestations of school readiness and the manifestationsof mothers’ support. Supporting the development of the child’s autonomy and independence turned out to be the predictor of the child’s emotional and motivational readiness.
(Post)pamięciowy aktywizm
Authors: Doległo Sławomir
Published: September 2023

(POST)MEMORY ACTIVISM: MEDIA RESISTANCE PRACTICES AFTER RUSSIA’S INVASION OF UKRAINE The military aggression of Russia against independent Ukraine has starkly exposed the naivety of the expression “never again,” which has been repeated for over eighty years. The bestiality exhibited by Russian soldiers and the cynical propaganda emanating from the Kremlin since the beginning of the invasion have resulted in both literal and symbolic resistance from the free world and a surge of international solidarity with Ukrainians, both online and off. Notably, there has been an increase in subvertising campaigns targeting brands that have failed to withdraw their products from Russia, as it signifies support for Russian war crimes. Vladimir Putin, often juxtaposed with Hitler as “Putler,” has emerged as a prominent figure on numerous posters, and murals and the butt of memes, while the Kremlin’s foreign policy has explicitly been labeled as Rashism. Active media users have creatively altered, reinterpreted, and enriched cultural texts, generating new content and meanings. The current article examines several examples of visual communication expressing resistance to the Russian regime and its war crimes, along with highlighting the involvement of institutions, brands and media that support it.
Rozmowa o współczesnej tożsamości polskich Żydów
Authors: Weżgowiec Barbara
Published: September 2023

DIALOG ABOUT THE MODERN IDENTITY OF POLISH JEWS: AROUND THE POSTMEMORY NARRATIONS IN DOCUMENTARY BY MIKOŁAJ GRYNBERG THE PROOF OF IDENTITY

The 2021 documentary The Proof of Identity marked the directorial debut of Mikołaj Grynberg. In this film, the director attempts to depict the unique experience of being a Polish Jew, while also exploring the intricate nature of an essentially dual (Polish-Jewish or Jewish-Polish) identity. The aim of this article is to elucidate the framework employed by both the director and his characters in recounting their search for a proof of identity, which entails coming to terms with personal (and familial) memory. The article delves into the “conflicts” and “negotiations” that arise in the interviewed individuals’ considerations of identity within the context of postmemory. Central to the film is the director’s fundamental question: What does it mean to be a Jew in present-time Poland? An integral aspect of these considerations is the examination of the fact that the author, who is primarily known as a writer, chose the form of documentary, with the interview as its special type.
„Wojny pamięci” w literaturze rosyjskiej. Twórczość Siergieja Lebiediewa
Authors: Kowalska Martyna
Published: September 2023

“MEMORY WARS” IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE: SERGEI LEBEDEV’S WORKS

Sergei Lebedev’s tetralogy – Oblivion (2010), The Year of the Comet (2014), People of August (2015), and The Goose Fritz (2018) – is considered a multigenerational novel. This genre of literature can be seen as a medium for collective memory, offering an avenue for reinterpreting the experiences of past generations as an alternative to official historical narratives (referred to as “first memory”). The primary focus of this article centers on Lebedev’s oeuvre in the context of the ongoing “memory wars” within Russian culture. Lebedev’s works are characterized by an intensified historical consciousness that revolves around the key events of the 20th century. However, the objective is not an inquiry into historical truth sensu stricto, but rather an exploration of post-trauma, which is Russians’ unwanted and rejected heritage. Consequently, the past becomes a catalyst for contemplating the current condition of Russian society. Lebedev’s work encourages deeper reflection on the causes of the “memory wars” and the consequences of divisions between individual and collective memory.
Przechwycić traumę, czyli Aleksandra Petrova opowieść o serbskim cierpieniu
Authors: Giergiel Sabina
Published: September 2023

TO SEIZE THE TRAUMA: ALEKSANDAR PETROV’S STORY ABOUT THE SERBIAN SUFFERING

The paper focuses on Aleksandar Petrov’s novel Kao zlato u vatri, originally published by this Serbian author in 1998. The novel’s main characters represent diverse ethnic groups inhabiting the Balkans ( Jews, Serbians, Russians), and their fortunes intertwined with the tumultuous events of 20th century history, namely WWII and the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s. The primary objective of the article is to address the question of whether it is feasible to apply Michael Rothberg’s model of multifaceted memory in a scenario involving distinct memory communities (such as Serbs, Croatians, and possibly Jews), characterized by a specific proximity (primarily territorial, historical and rooted in past coexistence within one national entity) and where relations are predominantly shaped by unresolved past grievances and mutual accusations of guilt.
“Born into a Broken World:” The Holocaust Carrier
Authors: Jacobowitz Susan
Published: September 2023

In this article, a second-generation author explores the conflicts and challenges of post-war Jewish identity and the inheritance from her father, through the medium of literature by and about sons and daughters of Holocaust survivors.
Management of sports-related concussion in the emergency department
Authors: Whitehouse Daniel P , Newcombe Virginia FJ
Published: September 2023

Sports-related concussion is a common presentation to the emergency department, with increasing evidence of short and long-term morbidity. The heterogeneity of symptoms and clinical outcomes, alongside a lack of familiarity with current guidance, can present significant challenges to clinicians. This article presents an overview of the current literature concerning assessment and management of sports-related concussion in the emergency department and outlines a framework for graduated return to activity as based upon the current national guidance.
Immediate effect of stretched myofascial dry needling on the myofascial trigger point in the upper trapezius muscle: a case report
Authors: Rajput Priyanka , Kalia Varun
Published: September 2023

Background/Aims

A myofascial trigger point is a hyperirritable spot, usually within a taut band of skeletal muscle, that is painful on compression and can cause motor dysfunction. The authors present a case report of a 21-year-old woman with myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle who reported a pre-assessment pain score of 7 on the visual analogue scale, a pressure pain threshold of 1.32 kg/cm2 and a reduction in all cervical ranges of motion. To provide more immediate results in comparison to traditional dry needling, the upper trapezius muscle was kept in a stretched position and then dry needling was performed.

Methods

With the patient lying in the prone position, the therapist stretched the right upper trapezius muscle. Fast in-and-out movements of dry needling were performed to target multiple active myofascial trigger points until the first visible local twitch response occurred.

Results

Immediately after the procedure, the patient's pain level reduced to a score of 3 on the visual analogue scale, the patient's pressure pain threshold increased to 3.07 kg/cm2, and cervical ranges of motions increased between 10 and 20°.

Conclusions

Stretched myofascial dry needling is effective to treat symptoms immediately related to myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle, although further research is needed.
Free-space optical (FSO) feeder link planning in space-ground integrated optical networks (SGIONs): trade off throughput and dynamics
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Xin , Li Daixuan , Zhang Lu , Huang Shanguo
Published: September 2023

The low-orbit satellite communication can provide users with low-delay and ultra-wideband communication services worldwide. By the wide available bandwidth and immunity to interference, free-space optical (FSO) feeder links are presented as an ideal alternative to radio frequency (RF) feeder links for satellite-to-ground backhaul, and the space-ground integrated optical network (SGION) is gradually formed by using FSO feeder links to integrate the low-orbit satellites and the terrestrial optical network (TON) for backhaul services. The propagation channel characteristics of FSO feeder links vary significantly during low-orbit satellite passes, and atmospheric turbulence causes serious scintillation in FSO feeder links at low elevations, increasing link budget and restricting link capacity. Limiting the observation range of optical ground stations (OGSs) to the high elevation area can establish high-capacity feeder links to improve SGION’s throughput, but inevitably increase the network dynamics and reduce the satellite visibility. This paper trades off SGION’s throughput and dynamics by planning FSO feeder link handover and capacity adjustment. Two baseline schemes and the feeder link handover and capacity adjustment scheme based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-FLHCA) are proposed. By finding the Pareto edge of the multi-objective optimization problem, NSGA-FLPCA is more effective in improving network throughput and reducing network dynamics compared with two baselines.
Superposed three-dimensional 64QAM constellation design for MIMO-OFDM visible light communication systems
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Chu Tiantian , Xia Jingkai
Published: September 2023

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) has been widely used to improve data rate in visible-light communication (VLC) systems. However, the high correlation of channels restricts the application of MIMO. A superposed constellation, combined with MIMO, can achieve considerable diversity gain even in highly correlated MIMO channels. In this study, what we believe to be novel superposed three-dimensional 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (3D-64QAM) constellation schemes are proposed for MIMO-OFDM VLC systems. First, a superposed 3D-64QAM constellation scheme using two transmitted light emitting diodes (LEDs) is proposed, where two independent signals with 3D-4QAM and 3D-16QAM modulation formats are superposed to form a 3D-64QAM signal at the receiver. Then, for what we believe is the first time, we expand the superposed constellation solution to three-LED application scenarios, wherein the 3D-64QAM constellation is superposed by three different 3D-4QAM constellations. Both schemes benefit from a higher minimum Euclidean distance of 3D-64QAM constellation, 1.67 times that of traditional two-dimensional (2D) 64QAM constellation. Meanwhile, the equal-power superposition design of transmitted signals reduces the nonlinearity of LEDs and power competition of photodiodes. Moreover, the three-LED scheme further improves the transmitted power without increasing the risk of nonlinear distortion. To improve spectral efficiency and reduce complexity, we also propose a 3D OFDM modulation scheme. The superposed 3D-64QAM schemes are first studied through theoretical analysis and computer simulation. Then, an experimental demonstration is established to investigate the system performance comprehensively. Experimental results prove that the superposed 3D-64QAM constellation schemes achieve a superior bit error rate (BER) performance than the traditional superposed 2D-64QAM constellation scheme. Compared with two-LED scheme, the three-LED scheme not only obtains a lower BER, but also improves the dynamic range of driving peak-to-peak voltage significantly.
Speckle-based optical encryption with complex-amplitude coding and deep learning
Authors: Zhang Lin , Lin Shanshan , Zhou Qingming , Xue Jidong , Xu Bijun , Wang Xiaogang
Published: September 2023

We propose a speckle-based optical encryption scheme by using complex-amplitude coding and deep learning, which enables the encryption and decryption of complex-amplitude plaintext containing both amplitude and phase images. During encryption, the amplitude and phase images are modulated using a superpixel-based coding technique and feded into a digital micromirror device. After passing through a 4f system, the information undergoes disturbance modulation by a scattering medium, resulting in a diffracted speckle pattern serving as the ciphertext. A Y-shaped convolutional network (Y-Net) model is constructed to establish the mapping relationship between the complex-amplitude plaintext and ciphertext through training. During decryption, the Y-Net model is utilized to quickly extract high-quality amplitude and phase images from the ciphertext. Experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method, demonstrating that the potential of integrating speckle encryption and deep learning for optical complex-amplitude encryption.
Ten quick tips for building FAIR workflows
Authors: de Visser Casper , Johansson Lennart F. , Kulkarni Purva , Mei Hailiang , Neerincx Pieter , Joeri van der Velde K. , Horvatovich Péter , van Gool Alain J. , Swertz Morris A. , Hoen Peter A. C. ‘t , Niehues Anna
Published: September 2023

Research data is accumulating rapidly and with it the challenge of fully reproducible science. As a consequence, implementation of high-quality management of scientific data has become a global priority. The FAIR (Findable, Accesible, Interoperable and Reusable) principles provide practical guidelines for maximizing the value of research data; however, processing data using workflows—systematic executions of a series of computational tools—is equally important for good data management. The FAIR principles have recently been adapted to Research Software (FAIR4RS Principles) to promote the reproducibility and reusability of any type of research software. Here, we propose a set of 10 quick tips, drafted by experienced workflow developers that will help researchers to apply FAIR4RS principles to workflows. The tips have been arranged according to the FAIR acronym, clarifying the purpose of each tip with respect to the FAIR4RS principles. Altogether, these tips can be seen as practical guidelines for workflow developers who aim to contribute to more reproducible and sustainable computational science, aiming to positively impact the open science and FAIR community.
Provider-led community antiretroviral therapy distribution in Malawi: Retrospective cohort study of retention, viral load suppression and costs
Authors: Songo John , Whitehead Hannah S. , Nichols Brooke E. , Makwaya Amos , Njala Joseph , Phiri Sam , Hoffman Risa M. , Dovel Kathryn , Phiri Khumbo , van Oosterhout Joep J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Outcomes of community antiretroviral therapy (ART) distribution (CAD), in which provider–led ART teams deliver integrated HIV services at health posts in communities, have been mixed in sub-Saharan African countries. CAD outcomes and costs relative to facility-based care have not been reported from Malawi.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study in two Malawian districts (Lilongwe and Chikwawa districts), comparing CAD with facility-based ART care. We selected an equal number of clients in CAD and facility-based care who were aged >13 years, had an undetectable viral load (VL) result in the last year and were stable on first-line ART for ≥1 year. We compared retention in care (alive and no period of ≥60 days without ART) using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression and maintenance of VL suppression (<1,000 copies/mL) during follow-up using logistic regression. We also compared costs (in US$) from the health system and client perspectives for the two models of care. Data were collected in October and November 2020.

Results

700 ART clients (350 CAD, 350 facility-based) were included. The median age was 43 years (IQR 36–51), median duration on ART was 7 years (IQR 4–9), and 75% were female. Retention in care did not differ significantly between clients in CAD (89.4% retained) and facility-based care (89.3%), p = 0.95. No significant difference in maintenance of VL suppression were observed between CAD and facility-based care (aOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.47–3.20, p = 0.70). CAD resulted in slightly higher health system costs than facility-based care: $118/year vs. $108/year per person accessing care; and $133/year vs. $122/year per person retained in care. CAD decreased individual client costs compared to facility-based care: $3.20/year vs. $11.40/year per person accessing care; and $3.60/year vs. $12.90/year per person retained in care.

Conclusion

Clients in provider-led CAD care in Malawi had very good retention in care and VL suppression outcomes, similar to clients receiving facility-based care. While health system costs were somewhat higher with CAD, costs for clients were reduced substantially. More research is needed to understand the impact of other differentiated service delivery models on costs for the health system and clients.
Exploring diabetes status and social determinants of health influencing diabetes-related complications in a Northwestern community, Ontario, Canada: A mixed method study protocol
Authors: Costa Idevania G. , McConell Kristen , Adduono Kaitlin , Camargo-Plazas Pilar , Koné Anna
Published: September 2023

Diabetes is a common chronic condition affecting the many spheres of individuals’ lives. It can also lead to severe complications without continuous management. Accordingly, this paper describes a study protocol aimed at 1) determining the status and prevalence of diabetes complications in a Northwestern Ontario community; 2) exploring the internal (e.g., demographic and clinical variables) and external factors (e.g., access to services and resources) affecting diabetes outcomes (e.g., complications, emergency room visits, hospitalizations); 3) critically exploring how the social determinants of health affect self-management for individuals living with diabetes; and 4) identifying individuals’ needs, concerns, and challenges to monitor and regulate diabetes. The study uses a cross-sectional design and a social constructivist approach based on qualitative data collection. The proposed study will include patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes with or without diabetes complications who have been attending the Centre for Complex Diabetes Care (CCDC) in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, since January 2019. Quantitative data related to diabetes complications and other outcomes, diabetes management, and demographic and clinical status will be retrieved from patients’ charts using a data extraction form. Analyses of the quantitative data will include the prevalence of diabetes complications, rate of hospitalizations, and their associations with diabetes management, access to services, and social determinants of health. Additionally, interviews will occur with at least 10 participants with or without diabetes complications to understand their needs, concerns, and struggle to self-manage diabetes daily. The results of this study will generate evidence to support future research and policy on the development and implementation of an educational program to improve self-care management and outcomes for individuals living with diabetes and its complications in Northwestern Ontario.
Non-autistic persons modulate their speech rhythm while talking to autistic individuals
Authors: Daikoku Tatsuya , Kumagaya Shinichiro , Ayaya Satsuki , Nagai Yukie
Published: September 2023

How non-autistic persons modulate their speech rhythm while talking to autistic (AUT) individuals remains unclear. We investigated two types of phonological characteristics: (1) the frequency power of each prosodic, syllabic, and phonetic rhythm and (2) the dynamic interaction among these rhythms using speech between AUT and neurotypical (NT) individuals. Eight adults diagnosed with AUT (all men; age range, 24–44 years) and eight age-matched non-autistic NT adults (three women, five men; age range, 23–45 years) participated in this study. Six NT and eight AUT respondents were asked by one of the two NT questioners (both men) to share their recent experiences on 12 topics. We included 87 samples of AUT-directed speech (from an NT questioner to an AUT respondent), 72 of NT-directed speech (from an NT questioner to an NT respondent), 74 of AUT speech (from an AUT respondent to an NT questioner), and 55 of NT speech (from an NT respondent to an NT questioner). We found similarities between AUT speech and AUT-directed speech, and between NT speech and NT-directed speech. Prosody and interactions between prosodic, syllabic, and phonetic rhythms were significantly weaker in AUT-directed and AUT speech than in NT-directed and NT speech, respectively. AUT speech showed weaker dynamic processing from higher to lower phonological bands (e.g. from prosody to syllable) than NT speech. Further, we found that the weaker the frequency power of prosody in NT and AUT respondents, the weaker the frequency power of prosody in NT questioners. This suggests that NT individuals spontaneously imitate speech rhythms of the NT and AUT interlocutor. Although the speech sample of questioners came from just two NT individuals, our findings may suggest the possibility that the phonological characteristics of a speaker influence those of the interlocutor.
Exploration of the application of Grey-Markov models in the causality analysis of traffic accidents in roundabouts
Authors: Li Peijing , Li Jian
Published: September 2023

We propose a multivariate Grey-Markov model to quantify traffic accident risk from different causality factors in roundabouts that is uniquely suited for the scarce and stochastic traffic crash data from roundabouts. A data sample of traffic crashes occurring in roundabouts in the U.S. State of Michigan from 2016 to 2021 was collected to investigate the capabilities of this modeling methodology. The multivariate grey model (MGM(1,4)) was constructed using grey relational analysis to determine the best dimensions for model optimization. Then, the Markov chain is introduced to address the unfitness of stochastic, fluctuating data in the MGM(1,4) model. Finally, our proposed hybrid MGM(1,4)-Markov model is compared with other models and validated. This study highlights the superior predictive performance of our MGM(1,4)-Markov model in fore-casting roundabout traffic accidents under data-limited conditions, achieving a 3.02% accuracy rate, in contrast to the traditional GM(1,1) model at 8.30% and the MGM(1,4) model at 4.47%. Moreover, incorporating human, vehicle, and environmental risk factors into a multivariate crash system yields more accurate predictions than merely aggregating crash counts.
Development of a checklist to assess potentially effective components in combined lifestyle interventions for children with overweight or obesity
Authors: Saat Jenneke J. E. H. , Fransen Gerdine A. J. , Naumann Elke , van der Velden Koos , Assendelft Willem J. J.
Published: September 2023

Background

In the Netherlands, Combined Lifestyle Interventions (CLIs), offered in primary care, aim to reduce the number of children with overweight or obesity. CLIs are carried out by a multidisciplinary team and focus on dietary advice and guidance, exercise and behaviour change. These CLIs are not uniformly designed and vary in protocols to suit the local circumstances. Due to the variation in content of CLIs it is difficult to investigate their effectiveness. To enable a proper evaluation of CLIs, we first need to unravel the ‘black boxes’ of CLIs by identifying the various potentially effective components.

Methods

First of all we identified potentially effective components in literature. Subsequently we organized an online consultation with experts with diverse backgrounds and asked if they could add potentially effective components. These components were then assembled into a checklist meant to determine the presence or absence of potentially effective components in CLIs for children.

Results

42 experts participated. We identified 65 potentially effective components for CLIs for children with overweight or obesity that we categorized into three themes: content, organisation and implementation.

Conclusions

Based on literature and expert opinions we developed a practical 65-item checklist to determine the presence of potentially effective components in a CLI. This checklist can be used in the development of CLIs as well as evaluation of CLIs.
On the dynamic reconfigurable implementations of MISTY1 and KASUMI block ciphers
Authors: Jiexian Huang , Khizar Yasir , Ali Zain Anwar , Hasan Raza , Pathan Muhammad Salman
Published: September 2023

Novel hardware architectures for dynamic reconfigurable implementation of 64-bit MISTY1 and KASUMI block ciphers are proposed to enhance the performance of cryptographic chips for secure IoT applications. The SRL32 primitive (Reconfigurable Look up Tables—RLUTs) and DPR (Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration) are employed to reconfigure single round MISTY1 / KASUMI algorithms on the run-time. The RLUT based architecture attains dynamic logic functionality without extra hardware resources by internally modifying the LUT contents. The proposed adaptive reconfiguration can be adopted as a productive countermeasure against malicious attacks with the added advantage of less reconfiguration time (RT). On the other hand, the block architecture reconfigures the core hardware by externally uploading the partial bit stream and has significant advantages in terms of low area implementation and power reduction. Implementation was carried out on FPGA, Xilinx Virtex 7. The results showed remarkable results with very low area of 668 / 514 CLB slices consuming 460 / 354 mW for RLUT and DPR architectures respectively. Moreover, the throughput obtained for RLUT architecture was found as 364 Mbps with very less RT of 445 nsec while DPR architecture achieved speed of 176 Mbps with RT of 1.1 msec. The novel architectures outperform the stand-alone existing hardware designs of MISTY1 and KASUMI implementations by adding the dynamic reconfigurability while at the same achieving high performance in terms of area and throughput. Design details of proposed unified architectures and comprehensive analysis is described.
Multimorbidity patterns in the working age population with the top 10% medical cost from exhaustive insurance claims data of Japan Health Insurance Association
Authors: Nishida Yuki , Anzai Tatsuhiko , Takahashi Kunihiko , Kozuma Takahide , Kanda Eiichiro , Yamauchi Keita , Katsukawa Fuminori
Published: September 2023

Although the economic burden of multimorbidity is a growing global challenge, the contribution of multimorbidity in patients with high medical expenses remains unclear. We aimed to clarify multimorbidity patterns that have a large impact on medical costs in the Japanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study using health insurance claims data provided by the Japan Health Insurance Association. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify multimorbidity patterns in 1,698,902 patients who had the top 10% of total medical costs in 2015. The present parameters of the LCA model included 68 disease labels that were frequent among this population. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed using a generalized linear model (GLM) to assess the factors influencing annual medical cost and 5-year mortality. As a result of obtaining 30 latent classes, the kidney disease class required the most expensive cost per capita, while the highest portion (28.6%) of the total medical cost was spent on metabolic syndrome (MetS) classes, which were characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. GLM applied to patients with MetS classes showed that cardiovascular diseases or complex conditions, including malignancies, were powerful determinants of medical cost and mortality. MetS was classified into 7 classes based on real-world data and accounts for a large portion of the total medical costs. MetS classes with cardiovascular diseases or complex conditions, including malignancies, have a significant impact on medical costs and mortality.
Double graph correlation encryption based on hyperchaos
Authors: Feng Luoyin , Du Jize , Fu Chong
Published: September 2023

Preventing unauthorized access to sensitive data has always been one of the main concerns in the field of information security. Accordingly, various solutions have been proposed to meet this requirement, among which encryption can be considered as one of the first and most effective solutions. The continuous increase in the computational power of computers and the rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques have made many previous encryption solutions not secure enough to protect data. Therefore, there is always a need to provide new and more efficient strategies for encrypting information. In this article, a two-way approach for information encryption based on chaos theory is presented. To this end, a new chaos model is first proposed. This model, in addition to having a larger key space and high sensitivity to slight key changes, can demonstrate a higher level of chaotic behavior compared to previous models. In the proposed method, first, the input is converted to a vector of bytes and first diffusion is applied on it. Then, the permutation order of chaotic sequence is used for diffusing bytes of data. In the next step, the chaotic sequence is used for applying second diffusion on confused data. Finally, to further reduce the data correlation, an iterative reversible rule-based model is used to apply final diffusion on data. The performance of the proposed method in encrypting image, text, and audio data was evaluated. The analysis of the test results showed that the proposed encryption strategy can demonstrate a pattern close to a random state by reducing data correlation at least 28.57% compared to previous works. Also, the data encrypted by proposed method, show at least 14.15% and 1.79% increment in terms of MSE and BER, respectively. In addition, key sensitivity of 10−28 and average entropy of 7.9993 in the proposed model, indicate its high resistance to brute-force, statistical, plaintext and differential attacks.
Effects of different sponge implantation methods of negative pressure wound therapy on wound healing of deep surgical site infection after spinal surgery
Authors: Wang Jingming , Xing Hao , Chang Zhengqi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

After spinal surgery, negative pressure wound treatment (NPWT) improves deep surgical site infection (DSSI) wound healing. This research compared the healing benefits of two sponge implantation strategies in NPWT for DSSI.

Methods

21 patients with DSSI utilized NPWT to improve wound healing following spine surgery were followed from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. After antibiotic treatment failure, all these patients with DSSI received extensive debridement and NPWT. They are grouped by sponge placement method: centripetal reduction and segment reduction. The two groups’ hospital stays, NPWT replacement frequency, wound healing time, healing speed, and quality of wound healing (POSAS score) were compared.

Results

All patients had been cured by the end of December 2022, and the mean follow-up time was 57.48 ± 29.6 months. Surgical incision length did not vary across groups (15.75±7.61 vs. 15.46±7.38 cm, P = 0.747). The segmental reduction approach had shorter hospital stay and NPWT treatment times than the centripetal reduction method (39.25±16.04 vs. 77.38±37.24 days, P = 0.027). Although there is no statistically significant difference, the mean wound healing duration of segmental reduction group is faster than that of centripetal reduction group (0.82±0.39 vs 0.45±0.28 cm/d, P = 0.238), wound healing quality (POSAS) (33.54±8.63 vs 48.13±12.17, P = 0.408) is better in segmental reduction group, and NPWT replacement frequency (2.62 ± 1.04 vs 3.88 ± 1.25, P < .915) is smaller in segmental reduction group.

Conclusions

NPWT heals wounds and controls infection. Segmental reduction method accelerates wound healing, reduces hospital stay, and improves wound quality compared to central reduction method.
An ethogram of acute pain behaviors in cats based on expert consensus
Authors: Marangoni Sabrine , Beatty Julia , Steagall Paulo V.
Published: September 2023

An improved understanding of behaviors reflecting acute pain in cats is a priority for feline welfare. The aim of this study was to create and validate a comprehensive ethogram of acute pain behaviors in cats that can discriminate painful versus non-painful individuals. An inventory of behaviors (ethogram) with their respective descriptors was created based on a literature review of PubMed, Web of Science and CAB Abstracts databases. The ethogram was divided into ten behavior categories that could be evaluated by duration and/or frequency: position in the cage, exploratory behaviors, activity, posture and body position, affective-emotional states, vocalization, playing (with an object), feeding, post-feeding and facial expressions/features. Thirty-six behaviors were analyzed independently by four veterinarians with postgraduate qualifications in feline medicine and/or behavior as (1) not relevant, (2) somewhat relevant, (3) quite relevant or (4) highly relevant and used for content (I-CVI) and face validity. Items with I-CVI scores > 0.67 were included. Twenty-four behaviors were included in the final ethogram. Thirteen items presented full agreement (i.e., I-CVI = 1): positioned in the back of the cage, no attention to surroundings, feigned sleep, grooming, attention to wound, crouched/hunched, abnormal gait, depressed, difficulty grasping food, head shaking, eye squinting, blepharospasm and lowered head position. Seven descriptors were reworded according to expert suggestions. The final ethogram provides a detailed description of acute pain behaviors in cats after content and face validity and can be applied to the characterization of different acute painful conditions in hospitalized cats.
Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Wolbachia endosymbionts in bed bugs (Hemiptera; Cimicidae) collected in Paris
Authors: Chebbah Dahlia , Hamarsheh Omar , Sereno Denis , Elissa Nohal , Brun Sophie , Jan Julie , Izri Arezki , Akhoundi Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Wolbachia in field-caught bed bug species in Paris areas.

Methods

The bed bug specimens were captured from various infested localities in Paris and surrounding cities. They belonged to diverse life stages, including egg, nymph, and adult. They were then identified using morphological and molecular approaches. Furthermore, Wolbachia was detected, and its genetic diversity was investigated by conventional PCR of 16S-rRNA and Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) genes.

Results

A total of 256 bed bug specimens belonging to various life stages [adult (183 specimens), nymph (48), and egg (25)] were captured from seven private apartments, five social apartments, three houses, two immigrant residences, and one retirement home situated in 10 districts of Paris and 8 surrounding cities. They were identified as Cimex lectularius (237 specimens) and C. hemipterus (19) using morphological and molecular approaches. The presence and diversity of Wolbachia were ascertained by targeting 16S-rRNA and wsp genes. Based on molecular analysis, 182 and 148 out of 256 processed specimens were positive by amplifying 16S-rRNA and wsp fragments, respectively. The inferred phylogenetic analysis with 16S-rRNA and wsp sequences displayed monophyletic Wolbachia strains clustering each one in three populations. The median-joining network, including the Wolbachia 16S-rRNA and wsp sequences of C. lectularius and C. hemipterous specimens, indicated a significant genetic differentiation among these populations in Paris areas which was consent with Neighbor-Joining analyses. A phylogenetic analysis of our heterogenic Wolbachia sequences with those reported from other arthropod species confirmed their belonging to supergroup F. Moreover, no difference between Wolbachia sequences from eggs, nymphs, and adults belonging to the same clade and between Wolbachia sequences of C. lectularius and C. hemipterus were observed after sequence alignment. Furthermore, no significant correlation was found between multiple geographical locations (or accomodation type) where bed bugs were collected and the genetic diversity of Wolbachia.

Conclusions

We highlight a significant heterogeneity within Wolbachia symbionts detected in C. lectularius and C. hemipterus. No correlation between Wolbachia species and bed bug species (C. lectularius versus C. hemipterus), physiological stages (egg, nymph, and adult), and sampling location was recorded in this study.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Some Novel Furan Supported 1,2,4-Triazoles
Authors: VARAPRASADU B. DURGA , KUMAR K. SHIVA , RAO B. PULLA
Published: September 2023

A methodical approach to synthesize several novel 2-phenyl-4-methylfuran [2,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives (5a-c) as final compounds, N-(4-imino-4-methylfuro [2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-ylbenzamides (4a-c) by involving 2-amino-3-cyano-4-methyl furan (1) and N-(3-cyano-4-methylfuran)formimidic ethyl ether (2) and N’-((Z-(3-cyano-4-methylfuran-2-ylimino)methyl)benzohydrazides (3a-c) as intermediates and their antibacterial activity was tested. The chemical structures of all the newly synthesized intermediates and title compounds have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR, HRMS and elemental analysis. Compounds 4a-c and 5a-c showed antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains.
Impact of Ship Breaking Activities on the Water Quality at the Coastal Area of Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Nath Ranjit Kumar , Karim Ahasanul , RABI SASWATS , ROY ARUP KUMER
Published: September 2023

The ship breaking area of Chattogram is one of the most ecologically effective regions in Bangladesh. It includes wealthy biodiversity that consists of numerous species which are endemic to this region. The impact of various physico-chemical parameters on pollution is a significant concern for both the environment and biodiversity. In order to evaluate the potential ecological impact, water samples were obtained using standard procedures from several sites within ship breaking yards. The values of physico-chemical parameters like, temperature, EC, TDS, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, salinity, oil and greases were found 29.65 ºC, 2028.87 μS/cm, 1014.89 mg/L, 7392.42 mg/L,8.03, 7.28 mg/L, 4.03 mg/L, 12.83 ppt, 7166.64 mg/L, respectively. A decreasing trend in the amount of trace elements present in water and sediment: Pb (0.46 mg/L) > Cr (0.49 mg/L) > As (0.205 mg/L) > Cd (0.049 mg/L). The concentrations of toxic metals, however, exceeded the permissible thresholds in both regions. Lead and chromium had no seasonal effects, whereas arsenic and cadmium significantly varied with the seasons. The evaluation of the heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and contamination factor (CF) showed that the study area had a critical score of water quality (HPI > 100). The metal concentrations had an elevated contamination effect (CI > 3). According to the study’s findings, the ship breaking site is moderately polluted with heavy metals and posed a risk to the ecosystem.
Development and Validation of UPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Multi-Class Antibiotics, Antivirals and Antifungals in Water
Authors: KONIDALA SATHISH KUMAR , SHANMUGAM S SIVA , NARAYANAN S. , SHANDIL R.K. , PURAM PAVAN KUMAR , SAMINENI RAMU , PULUSU VEERA SHAKAR , SRI KAMMA HARSHA
Published: September 2023

According to a WHO report, antimicrobial resistance is one of the top 10 health threats. Environmental sources are extremely contaminated with high levels of antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals due to their excessive and unsafe usage. Hence, there is a need to detect and quantitate the antimicrobial agents in water. Consequently, a simultaneous analytical method is developed and validated, employing a solid-phase extraction methodology with an HLB cartridge. This method was utilized to quantify a minimum of twenty different chemicals derived from antibiotics, antivirals and antifungal drugs. Antibiotics include quinolones, isonicotinic acid, macrolides, oxazolidinones, penicillin, sulphonamides, antivirals that contain nucleotide class compounds and antifungals that comprising of triazoles and imidazoles. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC- S/MS) was used to quantify the analytes. Detection was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring with positive electron spray  ionization. All the compounds were well separated with the column, Xterra MS C18 4.6 × 50 mm 2.5 μm, using water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase. The calibration curve range was set at 50 to 2000 ng mL-1. Validation parameters like precision and accuracy, matrix effect, sensitivity, autosampler stability, the limit of detection and recovery were performed.
Methyl Cellulose based in situ Hydrogel for Controlled Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: DEWAN MITALI
Published: September 2023

Methyl cellulose is an attractive smart biomaterial for its thermoreversible gelation nature. When subjected to temperature stimuli, an aqueous solution containing methyl cellulose at a critical concentration exhibits the ability to form stable physically cross-linked hydrogels. These hydrogels alter the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the methyl cellulose. This thermo-responsive nature become quite appealing when the physiological temperature functions as a trigger to regulate the thermogelation of methyl cellulose. Regarding this, exciting inventions have been explored in the drug delivery and tissue engineering field which make methyl cellulose an attractive and versatile biomaterial. In this review, we have covered traditional and advanced applications of methyl cellulose as thermoreversible in situ gelling system. Three main types of applications are presented: (i) in situ gelling system for controlled drug delivery; (ii) fabrication of injectable scaffolds and cell sheet for tissue engineering application; and finally (iii) developing methyl cellulose based bioink for 3D bioprinting by applying in situ thermogelation property of methyl cellulose.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt doped Zinc Ferrite for its Structural and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Santosh Dr Santosh Kumar , Avinash Chand Yadav  , Tiwari Prabhat  Ranjan , Singh Gulab , Rajput Parasmani , Kumar Manvendra
Published: September 2023

In this work, the synthesis of cobalt doped zinc ferrites CoxZn1-xFe2O4 for x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 by sol-gel method followed by selfignition root is reported. The prepared materials in powder form were characterized by HRXRD, FTIR, SEM and VSM analysis for its structural, vibrational and magnetic properties. Single phase cubic structure having fd3m space group of the zinc ferrites was revealed by HRXRD technique. The minimum crystallite size of Co doped ZnFe2O4 was found to be 26.11 nm for x = 0.1. The effect of cobalt in the prepared composites was studied using VESTA and Match3! Software for the structural analysis. The FTIR spectra illustrate two bands in the range 565-544 cm-1 and 431-410 cm-1, which confirm the formation of the spinel ferrite phase. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used for magnetic parameters like remanence, coercivity and saturation magnetization, etc. of the prepared nanomaterials.