bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) in Tunisian Population
Authors: Daboussi Selsabil , Boubaker Nouha , Hagui Mounir , Aichaouia Chiraz , Khadhraoui Mohsen , Mhamdi Samira , Bouomrani Salem
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The aim of our study was to determine if the gender influences the clinical presentation and/or the outcome of the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Tunisian population. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study including 143 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, admitted in the Pneumology Department of the Military Hospital of Tunis between September 2020 and January 2021, during the first infection-wave. Results: There were 99 men (69.2%) and 44 women (30.8%) with a mean age of 61.66 years: 61.66 years for men and 61.68 years for women, and a sex-ratio of 2.25. The clinical presentation of the infection was significantly more severe in men: Tachycardia>100 bpm (15.2% Vs 2.3%, p=0.034), neurological symptoms (5.1% Vs 4.5%, p=0.008) and oxygen desaturation<90% (19.2% vs. 20.5%, p=0.002). Radiologically, pulmonary involvement was more severe in men with significantly more bilateral damage: 75.8% Vs 59.1%, p=0.048, and pulmonary embolism: 9.1% Vs 6.8%, p=0.045. Men have received more second-line antibiotic (ATB) treatment (Quinolones, Tetracyclines…) with a prolonged ATB course duration. Furthermore, they needed more systemic corticosteroids compared to women. Severe complications, Intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality were significantly higher in men compared to women: 16.2% Vs 15.9%, p=0.006, 21.2% Vs 22.7%, p=0.017, and 10.1% Vs 6.8%, p =0.055 respectively. Conclusion: In our study, men affected with COVID-19 were more prone to severe infection forms, leading to higher ICU admissions, severe radiological lesions, greater use of antibiotics and worse outcomes.
Adecuación nutricional de almuerzos en comedores asistenciales de Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña-Chaco
Authors: Vanesa Kolesnik Denise , Fernández Carina Lorena
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la adecuación nutricional de almuerzos servidos en comedores comunitarios de Pcia. Roque Sáenz Peña, con énfasis en el tipo de grasas y el aporte de hierro. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal, durante el periodo marzo-agosto de 2021, en el que se incluyeron los 21 comedores que brindaban sus servicios durante el confinamiento por Covid. Los datos se recolectaron mediante observaciones, entrevistas estructuradas y pesaje directo de las raciones. Se estimó el porcentaje de adecuación nutricional para calorías, macronutrientes y hierro, a partir de la composición nutricional promedio y las ingestas recomendadas para cuatro grupos poblacionales, clasificados según el rango etario. Los datos se procesaron mediante planillas de Excel, expresando el valor nutricional como media ± desviación estándar de las estimaciones realizadas. Se observó una inadecuada proporción de nutrientes, con exceso de carbohidratos y déficit de proteínas y grasas, siendo notorio el déficit de ácidos grasos esenciales omega 3, omega 6 y hierro. En todos los comedores las preparaciones se realizaron sin tener en cuenta la edad de los asistentes, lo cual influyó en los requerimientos nutricionales y, por ende, en la distribución de nutrientes requerida en los menús. No obstante, se requieren estudios complementarios que permitan confirmar las estimaciones realizadas, y, a la vez, diseñar estrategias tendientes a mejorar la alimentación ofrecida con este servicio asistencial, entre las que se incluye la capacitación del personal de cocina encargado de la preparación de los menús.
Control de cuentas de servicio de salud y su relación en la facturación de una clínica peruana
Authors: Romero-Carazas Rafael , Ruiz Silvano Yolanda , Quinteros Linari Luis Alberto , Medina León José Edgardo
Published: September 2022

El presente artículo tuvo por finalidad determinar la relación existente entre el control de cuentas de servicio de salud y la facturación de la clínica adventista Ana Stahl. La investigación se fundamentó bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo el cual se pretendió buscar el estado situacional del control de las cuentas de los servicios de salud; correlacional, no experimental de corte transversal El tipo fue aplicado, ya que se utilizaron instrumentos de recolección de datos cuantitativos para validar o refutar la hipótesis de la investigación. Para la selección de la muestra se estudió se optó por aplicar un muestreo estratificado basado en criterios siendo en total 13 personas. En el que se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario. Se evidenció en el desarrollo del presente artículo, que existe una relación significativa entre el control de las cuentas de servicios de salud y el proceso de facturación de la clínica objeto de estudio con una bondad de ajuste con 49 grados de libertad, se evidencia un Pseudo R cuadrado de Nagelkerke de 0.677 (≥0.05), esto quiere decir que existe un 67.7% de variabilidad de estas variables de estudio. Asimismo, se evidenció que no existe relación significativa entre el control de las cuentas de servicio de salud y La Ejecución de La Facturación, el cumplimiento en el proceso de Facturación y de las metas establecidas en las Facturación.
Contaminación y hongos: resistencia a metales pesados
Authors: Navarro Moreno Leticia Guadalupe , Vázquez Velasco Lucero , Rangel Cordero Andrea , González José M.
Published: September 2022

Muchos organismos vivos poseen la capacidad de adaptarse a las condiciones adversas del ambiente. Lo anterior se realiza para poder sobrevivir y asegurar una continuidad en su especie. Uno de los ambientes más tóxicos que se ha generado es la contaminación del medio. Esta ha sido resultado de la sobreproducción y el mal manejo de materiales usados por el ser humano. El agua constituye un buen ejemplo de ambiente contaminado. La contaminación ambiental ha servido como un modo de selección de varias formas microbianas, las cuales han expresado diferentes mecanismos de acción para poder adaptarse y sobrevivir al medio ambiente en el cual se desarrollan. En la Ciudad de Tuxtepec, Oaxaca y sus poblados aledaños existe un grave problema de contaminación del agua debido al mal uso de los desechos generados en industrias y hogares. Se eligieron tres afluentes, el primero fue el rio Papaloapan y dos más localizados en colonias cercanas a este. A partir de esas muestras se aislaron e identificaron, mediante diferentes metodologías (microbiológicas y de biología molecular) tres hongos microscópicos y una levadura, los cuales fueron sembrados de forma separada para su posterior estudio. Los hongos identificados fueron Aspergillus sección flavi, Penicillium citrinum y Paecilomyces lilacinus. La levadura fue Cándida parapsilosis.  En este trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos de los aislamientos y las características microbiológicas de las cepas aisladas e identificadas. Es importante conocer y estudiar cepas microbianas (bacterias, levaduras y hongos) que sean capaces de tolerar concentraciones altas de agentes tóxicos diversos, como los metales pesados para, posteriormente, establecer protocolos de investigación que tengan como finalidad su uso como microorganismos capaces de llevar acabo la biodegradación.
Peranan Finance & Marketing Dalam Sebuah Distribusi Produk Film
Authors: Saeadmin  , RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari, S.E, M.M
Published: September 2022

Financing of film projects often requires an elaborate patchwork of investors, banks, soft money tax credits and in-kind services, and some companies specialize in financing specific stages of production. One of the overall themes of the industry that can at times make obtaining financing hard is the risks involved in making films, many of which may have very little tangible value at the end of the process. How an independent filmmaker chooses to make a movie is often dictated by access to money more than any aesthetic sensibilities. Without the proper funding, a feature film never gets made or made the way the filmmaker wants to. Which strategy the filmmaker uses to access funding will depend on the type of film, the story or subject matter, the budget, genre, the filmmaker’s reputation, the talent attached and the amount of creative control the filmmaker wants over the production.
Penerapan Desain Karakter Dan Art Direction Perancangan Karakter Film Animasi
Authors: Saeadmin  , Paramita Hapsari, S. Ds, M.Ds
Published: September 2022

One aspect of creating a successful character design is the story. Although fairy tales are not the most important aspect of character development, stories will help us in identifying and developing characters through story character attributes. So that we can build a character with a striking image. Character designers must remember that characters are always created to help a story run smoothly. The purpose of this research is to find out and understand the application of character design and Art Direction in designing animated film characters. The research methodology used in this study is a literature review, which consists of a sequence of actions related to collecting library data, reading and taking notes, and organizing research materials.
Literacy Coaching: Providing Leadership and Support for the Next Generation of Teachers
Authors: Stover Katie , Glover Crystal P.
Published: September 2022

New teachers face a number of challenges as they begin their careers. In fact, many leave the profession for a range of reasons including an overwhelming amount of information and responsibility, pressures of high stakes testing, and lack of support. To counter these challenges, the authors discuss ways literacy coaches can provide leadership and guidance to new teachers through building relationships, creating a climate of trust, and developing individualized support to enhance the teacher’s success
Perancangan Aplikasi Penjualan Barang Elektronik Berbasis Android
Authors: Muddin Saripuddin , Darti A Amaliah Chintami , Arlanjatdin Risno , Ramang Anwar
Published: September 2022

Perkembangan internet pada masa kini telah memberikan dampak besar bagi kemajuan berbagai industri. Transaksi yang digunakan dalam proses penjualan barang elektronik masih konvensional yang di akses oleh pelanggan dengan cara mendatangi lokasi penjualan dan melihat produk secara langsung dan bagi pelanggan berada di luar kota makassar mengalami kesulitan untuk melihat produk yang ditawarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk merancang sistem aplikasi penjualan barang elektronik berbasis android untuk memudahkan pelanggan dan pemilik toko dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli. Metode pengujian yang digunakan adalah metode black-box testing, dimana sistem di eksekusi melalui uji coba dan memeriksa fungsional dari perangkat lunak. Hasil pengujian aplikasi ini adalah pelanggan melakukan registrasi, setelah pelanggan mendapatkan akun maka pelanggan login ke dalam aplikasi untuk memilih produk yang akan di beli, melakukan pengisian alamat pengiriman yang kemudian berbentuk notifikasi pesan yang terkirim ke admin untuk selanjutnya melakukan transaksi. Kesimpulan dari pengujian sistem aplikasi penjualan barang adalah semua fungsional aplikasi dapat berjalan baik pada perangkat berbasis android dan tidak ditemukannya bug.
Perancangan Alat Tempat Minum Otomatis Pada Kandang Ayam Petelur
Authors: Faridah
Published: September 2022

Penelitian perancangan tempat minum otomatis pada kandang ayam petelur, khususnya untuk mempermudah atau mengurangi tenaga manusia dalam pemberian minum terhadap ayam guna menghemat biaya. Biasanya di lakukan dengan cara manual, seperti menuangkan air kedalam wadah dengan cara menimbah. Namun metode tersebut kurang efisien karena pengerjaanya yang sangat lama dan juga produksi telur ayam sangat kurang di karenakan menimbulkan stres bagi ayam. Alat ini akan bekerja dengan otomatis memberikan minum maksimal 3 kali dalam sehari yang bisa kita atur kapan saja, di dalam perancangan alat ini di lakukan cara merakit merangkai alat dengan menggunakan timer on/off dan sensor proximity berbasis sistem semi-otomatis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan untuk kerja dari “Alat tempat minum semi-otomatis pada kandang ayam petelur” telah menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan perencanaan yaitu alat dapat memberikan minum ayam secara otomatis pada waktu yang telah di tentukan. Banyaknya air yang di keluarkan yaitu sebesar 2,9 liter/detik di dalam volume 7 liter air.
Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Asap (Smoke) Dalam Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Type R3
Authors: Arief BijaksanaA A.Muh , Faridah
Published: September 2022

Penggunaan sensor MQ_2 sebagai pendeteksi asap (smoke) merupakan alat yang dapat mendeteksi keberadaan asap (smoke) dan dapat mengaktifkan alarm peringatan. Alat ini terdiri dari sensor MQ_2 sebagai pendeteksi keberadaan alat arduino sebagai pengendali input dan output, Buzzer sebagai suara peringatan. Output dari sensor MQ_2 akan di bandingkan dengan tegangan referensi oleh arduino type R3 sehingga Otpu dari sensor MQ_2 enghasilkan dua keadaan, yaitu low padasaat tdk ada terdeteksi keberadaan asap (smoke) dan high sat terdeteksi asap (smoke) Arduino Type MQ_2 di gunakan untuk memeperoses keadaan tersebut, sehingga pada saat terdeteksi asap (smoke) buzzer akan mengegeluarkan suara peringatan.Dari hasil pengujian dapat diketahui tentang unjuk kerja Pendeteksi Asap (Smoke) Dlam Ruangan Berbasis Arduino Uno Type R3 Dengan Output Suara Berbasis Arduino Uno Type R3. Alat ini dapat bekerja dengan baik apabila ada asap yang terdeteksi oleh sensor MQ_2 Maka alat ini akan bekerja dengan mengeluarkan peringatan akan bahaya asap (smoke) berupa suara.
Evaluación de diferentes densidades de crianza en cuyes mejorados (Cavia porcellus L.) en la etapa de acabado en condiciones de trópico húmedo
Authors: Tuesta-Hidalgo Juan Carlos , Tuesta-Hidalgo Oscar Alejandro , Zegarra-Álava Karen Cecilia , Lancha-Flores Julio Remigio
Published: September 2022

En Yurimaguas la crianza de cuyes mejorados es una actividad familiar que representa una fuente de ingresos económicos. Se buscó determinar la densidad óptima de crianza, los parámetros productivos y económicos de cuyes mejorados (Cavia porcellus L.) en la etapa de acabado en condiciones de trópico húmedo. Se utilizaron 78 cuyes machos mejorados, distribuidos mediante un diseño completamente al azar en cuatro (4) tratamientos (T1:5 cuyes, T2:6 cuyes, T3:7 cuyes y T4:8 cuyes) / 0,81m² y 3 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los parámetros de ganancia de peso, ganancia diaria de peso y conversión alimenticia muestran diferencias entre tratamientos, el mejor resultado es el tratamiento 4, con 318,41g, 11,37g y 6,82 respectivamente; en el consumo de forraje más cuyina en materia seca y rendimiento de carcasa no se observan diferencias entre tratamientos; en los parámetros económicos el mejor beneficio neto y mérito económico se obtuvo en el tratamiento 4 con un beneficio neto de S/.79 y un mérito económico de 14,1%. Concluimos que la mejor densidad de crianza fue en el tratamiento 4, que representa un espacio vital de 0,10m²/cuy.
Seguridad y salud ocupacional para prevenir enfermedades laborales
Authors: Ruiz-Aguilar Juan Luis
Published: September 2022

La presente investigación aborda la identificación y valoración de la seguridad y salud ocupacional para prevenir las enfermedades laborales en trabajadores de la Red de Salud Moyobamba. Fue de tipo no experimental, basada en la observación de fenómenos tal y como se dan en su contexto natural para después hacer el respectivo análisis. Para recoger la información se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento principal el cuestionario, la muestra fue de 51 trabajadores de la sede administrativa, para diagnosticar los factores de riesgo a través de la percepción de los trabajadores y una matriz IPER para identificar los peligros y evaluar los riesgos. Los resultados mostraron que la red de servicios de salud, presentó 59 potenciales peligros, de los cuales 27 de ellos son de valoración importante, 22 de valoración moderado y 10 de valoración tolerable; siendo las áreas de mayor probabilidad que exista un incidente la oficina de Planificación e Inteligencia Sanitaria y Salud Colectiva. Así mismo según los factores de riesgo de mayor nivel tenemos riesgo físico químico, ergonómico, químico y mecánico.
Avaliação de requisitos de processamento e memória do algoritmo de criptografia pós-quântica SABER em plataforma ARM Cortex-M0+
Authors: Gigilas Junior George , Henriques Marco A. A.
Published: September 2022

O SABER é um esquema de encapsulamento de chaves CCA-seguro pós-quântico baseado em reticulados e finalista na terceira rodada padronização de algoritmos de criptografia pós-quântica do NIST. Neste trabalho, avaliamos sua execução em um microcontrolador ARM Cortex-M0+ e aplicamos otimizações sugeridas na literatura, adaptando-as para execução no SABER, no LightSABER, versão mais rápida, mas com menor segurança, e no FireSABER, versão mais lenta e mais segura. Essas otimizações diminuem o uso de memória, em troca de um número maior de ciclos de CPU, tornando a execução dos algoritmos viável em ambientes restritos.
Multi-level consensus algorithm for appendable-block blockchains in IoT Environments
Authors: Lunardi Roben Castagna , Zorzo Avelino Francisco
Published: September 2022

Atualmente, existem diversos dispositivos que coletam dados e prestam serviços na Internet. Alguns desses dispositivos colaboram para trocar informacões e usá-las para tomar decisões mais inteligentes em um ambiente chamado Internet das Coisas (IoT). Recentemente, a tecnologia blockchain surgiu como uma possível solução para superar problemas de segurança em IoT. Apesar disso, blockchains tradicionais (como Bitcoin ou Ethereum) nao são adequados para a natureza de capacidade/recursos limitados dos dispositivos IoT. Alem disso, as propostas atuais carecem de uma discussão sobre o comportamento do usuario em diferentes contextos e como ele pode ser adaptado para diferentes algoritmos de consenso. Para superar esses problemas, apresentamos na tese um conjunto de etapas para criar um mecanismo de consenso multinível para diferentes contextos usando uma estrutura blockchain leve chamada appendable-block blockchain. Essa abordagem fornece uma solução que permite usar diferentes configurações ou consensos, de acordo com os requisitos de cada contexto no ambiente IoT. Por fim, a tese mostra que um consenso multinível pode produzir uma alta taxa de transferencia e baixa latência para inserir novas transações em appendable-block blockchains.
Análise de viabilidade de implantação de sistema de autenticação híbrido baseado em Identidades Digitais Federadas e Identidades Digitais Descentralizadas
Authors: Leite Raquel Pereira , Henriques Marco Aurélio Amaral
Published: September 2022

Com objetivo de tornar o usuário dono absoluto e exclusivo de seus dados pessoais, novos modelos de gestão de identidades digitais emergiram, baseados no conceito de Identidades Descentralizadas (DID - Decentralized ID) e estimulados pelo advento das blockchains. O presente trabalho busca entender os reais benefícios e custos de um sistema de identidade digital baseado em identidades descentralizadas. Para isso, propoe-se a avaliar uma transição suave entre os modelos de gestão de identidades federadas e descentralizadas, baseada no uso de um sistema de autenticação híbrido que combina os dois modelos. Assim, é possível conhecer melhor os riscos, vantagens e desvantagens de uma forma de autenticação em relação à outra.
DevSecOps - integração da segurança contínua em pipelines DevOps: um estudo de caso
Authors: de França Rafael Pio , da Silva Vinicius Barcelos
Published: September 2022

O DevOps busca integrar os mundos de desenvolvimento e operações, por meio de forte automatização nas fases de desenvolvimento e entrega o software. Apesar do DevOps não excluir a segurança, sua adoção é vista como um gargalo para o fluxo DevOps. O presente trabalho se propõe a demonstrar, por meio de um estudo de caso, o desenvolvimento de um pipeline DevOps e sua integração com a segurança contínua, alcançando assim um pipeline DevSecOps. Através da comparação entre os pipelines, contatou-se que ambos cumprem seus papéis de automatização, porém, o pipeline DevSecOps conseguiu impedir à entrega de uma aplicação vulnerável à produção, se mostrando como solução pertinente para o uso do DevOps de maneira segura e ágil.
AutoCAR: Automação e Reprodutibilidade de Testes de Métodos de Classificação Baseados em Regras de Associação
Authors: Rocha Vanderson da Silva , Kreutz Diego , Feitosa Eduardo
Published: September 2022

Existem diferentes métodos de classificação baseados em regras de associação. Entretanto, é muitas vezes difícil de encontrar a implementação e realizar a avaliação dos métodos. Para mitigar esses problemas, propomos a AutoCAR, um arcabouço de software modular para catalogar implementações, automatizar os testes e a avaliação de métodos de classificação baseados em regras de associação. AutoCAR permite que novos métodos sejam incorporados à ferramenta sem a necessidade de modificação do código.
iplite: a lightweight packet filter for NuttX
Authors: Moraes Eduardo Menezes , de Souza Rodrigo Teixeira , da Rocha Rafael Oliveira , Pereira Jr Lourenço Alves
Published: September 2022

The project proposes a lightweight packet filter in a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), aiming to provide an additional security layer to embedded systems, allowing the users to create their security policies through the filtering process of the ingress network packets. The iplite firewall was implemented on NuttX OS based on the best practices of the Linux Netfilter firewall and consists basically of two parts: an application on user space, homonymously called iplite, which serves to provide the user CLI, besides a module on kernel space, netfilterlite, responsible for providing the APIs. As an open-source project, our solution allows the reproducibility of the experiments and the firewall core adaptation to other operating systems.
Focus on dietary calcium intake in a subgroup of the Italian population
Authors: Pampaloni Barbara , Quattrini Sara , Guasti Leonardo , Gronchi Giorgio , Cianferotti Luisella , Brandi Maria Luisa
Published: September 2022

Purpose: To update knowledge on dietary calcium intake in the Italian population, focusing on subjects of any age over 18 years. Methods: Data were collected through consecutive surveys, carried out from 2013 to 2018 in several Italian cities, during screening events intended to promote bone health among the Italian population. A Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), validated for the assessment of the intake of calcium and nutrients for bone health in adults, was administered to subjects to estimate calcium intake in all groups. Results: Out of a total of 1821 FFQs filled in, 1801 provided all the information necessary for the evaluation of calcium intake (being correctly completed and indicating gender and age). Median values were significantly lower than the Italian population reference intake (PRI) values in women of all ages (range: 792 to 854.1 mg/day) and in men aged 60-74 years (854 mg/day) and over 75 years (832.1 mg/day). Young adult males (18-29 years) and adult males (30-59 years) consumed calcium in quantities close to the recommended amounts. Conclusions: These results are in line with what has already been observed in subsets of the Italian population. For this reason, it is once again appropriate to reiterate the need to plan suitable campaigns to spread information and provide guidelines on adequate nutrition able to guarantee correct calcium intake.
Plenum Gas Effect on Fuel Temperature
Authors: Jha Alok
Published: September 2022

All key phenomena in a fuel element are dominated by the temperature distribution. Fuel thermal expansion, fission gas-induced swelling, and release are directly related to the temperature distribution of the fuel. The fuel-cladding heat transfer coefficient has two components (a) heat transfer through the plenum and (b) heat transfer in case of contact. The gap width, in turn, is affected by thermal expansion, cracking and healing of the fuel, fuel densification, and fuel swelling. As the thermal and mechanical properties of the fuel are interdependent, inaccuracy in fuel-cladding temperature difference directly affects the reactor operating margins. A quantitative, as well as qualitative assessment of the fission heat transport across the fuel and embodiment of that knowledge in computer code, allows for a more realistic prediction of fuel performance. This knowledge helps in reducing the operating margins and leads to an improved operating economy of the reactor.
Reliability Analysis of Instrumentation and Control System: A Case Study of Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Rao Mamdikar Mohan , Kumar Vinay , Singh Pooja
Published: September 2022

Instrumentation and control system (I&Cs) plays a key role in nuclear power plants (NPP) whose failure may cause the major issue in a form of accidents, hazardous radiations, and environmental loss. That is why importantly ensure the reliability of such system in NPP. In this proposed method, we effectively analyze the reliability of the instrumentation and control system. An isolation condenser system of nuclear power plant is taken as a case study to show the analysis. The methodology includes the dynamic behavior of the system using Petri net. The proposed method is validated on operation data of NPP.
Interdisciplinary Integrated Tools to Problem Solving 2.0
Authors: J. Espona Maria
Published: September 2022

Everyone understands the events they witness or read about according to their mental models, and that is one of the main reasons there are a lot of disagreements at workplaces and between friends and families. Considering this situation, plus the difficulty that most people face when trying to conceptualize problems, I suggest a course that includes series methodologies, working synergistically to deal with this problem that goes from understanding the differences between people to test multiple hypotheses and planning the solution implementation. Since 2014, I have been teaching with some colleagues this tool in the format of a short course that articulates systems thinking, mapping studies, information quality, and competing hypotheses. This course has been presented often not only in Argentina and also in Peru with great success. Considering the pandemic situation, since 2020, it has been taught virtually. The latest modification to the original structure of the course was the incorporation of the Gantt chart to design the implementation of the solution found. This paper will present our course and the logic behind it, its outcomes, and how it evolved with the different iterations.
Using Trichoderma to Manage Sclerotia-Producing Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Rembinski Jéssica , I. Moreira Silvino , T. De Souza Jorge , C.A. Souza Alan , F. Dorigan Adriano , Alves Eduardo , C.M. Juliatti Breno , C. Julliati Fernando
Published: September 2022

Sclerotia are resistance structures that allow several soil-borne plant pathogens to survive for extended periods of time. The white mold disease, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the stem rot in Allium spp., caused by Stromatinia cepivora are examples of destructive pathogens in which sclerotia are the central survival structure in their life cycle. In this chapter, we explore the information on the use of Trichoderma to manage sclerotia-producing pathogens in Brazil. There are 34 registered commercial products registered in Brazil, and most of them are recommended to manage sclerotia-producing fungi. The mechanisms of action of Trichoderma against these pathogens involve mainly mycoparasitism. The number of species employed as active ingredients of these commercial products is very limited, although many other species have shown a high potential against these pathogens. The white mold pathogen in soybean was taken as an example of field management, where the technical recommendations are detailed. This management involves other practices in addition to the application of Trichoderma in an integrated manner, and they are essential to manage this disease in the field in Brazil.
Looking beyond the Numbers: Determinants of Financial Performance of Portuguese Wine Firms
Authors: Leal Carmem , Cardoso Bernando , Bessa Rogério , Vale José , Nunes Rúben , Silva Rui
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on the analysis of the determinants of financial performance (FP) of Portuguese wine firms. Unbalanced panel data were analyzed using fixed-effects regression. The sample consisted of 386 Portuguese wine firms, for the period 2014–2017. FP is the dependent variable of this study, having been measured through return on assets (ROA) using as explanatory variables debt-to-equity, net working capital, current ratio, days payable out-standing (DPO), and days receivables outstanding (DRO). The results show: (1) DRO, debt-to-equity and net working capital are the variables that best explain the FP measured by ROA; (2) Debt-to-equity and DRO have a negative relationship with ROA, whereas current ratio, working capital, and DPO have a positive relationship with profitability measured by ROA. The findings suggest that there are other qualitative elements in the wine sector, beyond numbers, that support the explanation of its performance. The way this industry is heavily controlled affects its success. Furthermore, factors such as the style of corporate governance and the lengthy production cycle can have a significant impact on its FP. it is strongly advised that qualitative approaches be employed in conjunction with quantitative research in future studies to obtain the most comprehensive and accurate results.
Cassava Production Enterprise in the Tropics
Authors: Olusola Sanusi Raufu , Lordbanjou Deola-Tayo , Olalekan Ibrahim Azeez , Babakatcha Abubakar Mohammad , Olalekan Oke Oluwole
Published: September 2022

Cassava, a tropical root crop, provides the staple food for millions of people around the world. It is one of the tuber crops that could be cultivated on a small scale in an environment with erratic rainfall, and without necessarily needing heavy equipment and machineries. Cassava could be successfully cultivated by resource-poor farm family. Farmers’ productivity could be as much as 70 tonnes per hectares under favourable conditions. However, smallholder farmers do among other things improve productivity through proven cultural practices and a mix of organic and inorganic measures. Irrigation is very necessary for achieving bumper harvest in areas with shortage of rainfall and insufficient soil moisture content. The concept of sustainability in the practice of agriculture has been on the front burner world over in recent time. Therefore, the cultivation of cassava with the aim of increased productivity without jeopardising the factors of production meant for future time is encouraged. Practices that combine traditional knowledge with modern technologies that are adapted to the needs of small-scale farmers are on the increase around the world. Depending on the purpose, cassava could be harvested anytime from eight month. Cassava leaves could serve as vegetable and the stems use as fire wood.
Holistic Pest Management Strategies in Tropical Plant Species
Authors: Samuel Kennedy John , Kasiviswanathan Lekshmi Jeeva
Published: September 2022

The tropical climate shift is causing herbivores to emerge almost ceaselessly throughout the year in certain regions exhibiting homodynamic cycles and unbalanced biodiversity. Crop management and pest management are being viewed as separate activities, with recent focus on sustainability. Even though there is a great deal of information on crop loss assessment, systems analysis, systems modelling, individual pest sciences, and pest management, the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) concept is not frequently deployed. The IPM system is a multi-tactic approach to pest management in agricultural production that takes into account economic, environmental, ecological, and human health implications. This paper provides an overview of key achievements in the development of management strategies, including the transition from a specific level of pest control that focuses on the suppression of target pests to an eco-friendlier and/or systems approach to pest management that employs a variety of non-chemical options as well as the judicious use of pesticides. The agroecological protection techniques and their integration to sustainably minimise pest risks are also reviewed here and describe technological advances in tropical pest management using host resistance, semiochemicals, natural enemies, selective pesticides, ecological engineering and habitat management which promotes sustainable pest management.
Hardware Implementation of an Improved Hybrid Cryptosystem for Numerical Image Encryption and Authenticity
Authors: Hafsa Amal , Malek Jihene , Machhout Mohsen
Published: September 2022

Cryptography is the science that concerns protecting information by transforming its comprehensible form into an incomprehensible one. The conception of a robust cryptosystem is a challenge. In this paper, an improved hybrid cryptosystem for numerical image protection is presented. First, the initial secret key is generated by a secure hash function (keccak). Secondly, the plain image is encrypted through the advanced encryption standard (AES) with CTR mode. Finally, a Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) algorithm is used to secure the symmetric key transmitted over the insecure channel and owner signature. Our cryptosystem is implemented in hardware and evaluated by different tools mainly identified from the image cryptography community using numerous kinds of standard images. The experimental and analytical findings prove that our framework security gives a trade-off between robustness and performance, which can be used in several domains like medicine, military, and community privacy.
Social Work Leadership for Patient Safety
Authors: Travaglia Joanne
Published: September 2022

Social workers are rarely considered as key personnel in the field of patient safety. The clinical nature of many, if not most, errors means that it is much more likely that doctors, nurses and pharmacists are involved both in the errors themselves and in attempts to improve the quality and safety of care. Yet, despite best efforts around the world for the last two decades the overall rate of errors has not decreased. In this chapter I argue that there is great potential for social work leadership to improve the quality and safety of care for patients and clients, and in particular for vulnerable individuals and groups. One way of understanding this potential is through the lens of a social epidemiology of patient safety, which can then be linked to the competencies required by social workers in leading this new approach to patient/client safety and quality improvement. Drawing on evidence both from research and from patient safety inquiries around the world, I look at how the social context and status of patients contributes to errors, particularly of vulnerable individuals and groups, and the unique leadership role that social workers can take in preventing and responding to errors and adverse events.
‘Chance all’ – A Simple 3D6 Dice Stopping Game to Explore Probability and Risk vs Reward
Authors: Flanagan Mark , C. Lipscombe Trevor , Northey Adrian , M. Robinson Ian
Published: September 2022

‘Chance all’ is a simple 3D6 dice game that explores a player’s attitude to risk vs reward. Strategies for playing the game are explored ranging from zero risk to more complex forms of risk, based on an appreciation of the odds; those strategies more likely to win are identified. In addition, the game may be an indirect measure of an individual’s bias towards risk vs reward and how that bias alters through the game as the likelihood of winning and losing changes. It can be used as a simple introductory teaching tool for the Gaussian distribution to examine chance and probability, in evolution and computing science, together with psychological aspects of gameplay.
Study of a Dynamical Problem under Fuzzy Conformable Differential Equation
Authors: Harir Atimad , Melliani Said , Saadia Chadli Lalla
Published: September 2022

The notion of inclusion by generalized conformable differentiability is used to analyze fuzzy conformable differential equations (FCDE). This idea is based on expanding the class of conformable differentiable fuzzy mappings, and we use generalized lateral conformable derivatives to do so. We’ll see that both conformable derivatives are distinct and that they lead to different FCDE solutions. The approach’s utility and efficiency are demonstrated with an example.
Perspective Chapter: Recent Progressions on the Colorimetric Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay
Authors: Alhamid Galyah , Tombuloglu Huseyin
Published: September 2022

A simple, fast, and accurate diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is of great importance for the patient’s isolation, treatment, and the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although RT-qPCR is accepted as the gold standard, studies to improve fast, simple, and more reliable diagnostic methods are continuing. Colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a method that allows visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 without needing expensive fluorescence readers. However, the performance of the assay depends on some factors, such as selection of a target gene (i.e., N, RdRp, S, E, M), primer design, the dye used for visual observation—neutral red, calcein, cresol red, or phenol red—and the reaction conditions such as the buffer pH, reaction temperature, and enzyme concentration. In the last 2 years, plenty of research has been conducted to obtain the best performance. In this chapter, the recent progressions on colorimetric RT-LAMP assay for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 are comprehensively elucidated.
Molecular Docking: Metamorphosis in Drug Discovery
Authors: Danao Kishor , Nandurkar Deweshri , Rokde Vijayshri , Shivhare Ruchi , Mahajan Ujwala
Published: September 2022

Molecular docking is recognized a part of computer-aided drug design that is mostly used in medicinal chemistry. It has proven to be an effective, quick, and low-cost technique in both scientific and corporate contexts. It helps in rationalizing the ligands activity towards a target to perform structure-based drug design (SBDD). Docking assists the revealing of novel compound of therapeutic interest, forecasting ligand-protein interaction at a molecular basis and delineating structure activity relationships (SARs). Molecular docking acts as a boon to identify promising agents in emergence of diseases which endangering the human health. In this chapter, we engrossed on the techniques, types, opportunities, challenges and success stories of molecular docking in drug development.
New Trends in Robots Engineering with Professional Software SolidWorks
Authors: Dragne Ciprian , Todirite Isabela , Pandelea Marius , Radu Frenţ Corina , Cotfas Petru-Alexandru , Chiroiu Veturia , Iliescu Mihaiela
Published: September 2022

Engineering robotic systems stand for a challenging complex process, closely related to product development phases. Society’s needs and requirements generate the idea for new robot products, which are sketched as an initial concept. This is the moment when the design phases start, engineers continue their work by evaluating and optimizing the mechanical parts according to many criteria: kinematics, dynamics, the strength of materials, NVH, thermal assessments, etc. Finally, there are established specifications for prototype execution, environment sustainability, end-user specifications, and recycling requirements. All these phases could be implemented into smart software. SolidWorks is such software enabling the creation of new mechanical designs automatically based on its programming tools. This chapter is focused on relevant advanced capabilities of SolidWorks software to assist engineers in achieving a new advanced level in mechanical design, that of automatically generating new or modifying existing concepts according to the requirements. By using professional software in research studies, new engineering procedures can be developed in order to automate the concept and design phases for many concurrent engineering methodologies, design optimization methods, manufacturing, documentation, or end-user specification. Case studies on the different types of robot systems used in healthcare and assisted living are presented.
The Analysis on the Effects of COMT, DRD2, PER3, eNOS, NR3C1 Functional Gene Variants and Methylation Differences on Behavoiral Inclinations in Addicts through the Decision Tree Algorythm
Authors: Zaim Gokbay Inci , Oyaci Yasemin , Pehlivan Sacide
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2), Period Circadian Regulator 3 (PER3), Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthetase (eNOS), Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1 (NR3C1) functional gene variants on possible inclinations of the individuals with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) by using decision trees algorithm and to evaluate the similarities with former studies. The decision trees classification was structured by confirming the effects of genetic and epigenetic sequences of gene variants through 10-fold cross-validation under subtitles of the criminal history, continuum of substance use, former polysubstance abuse, attempted suicide, and inpatient treatment. Performance criteria were evaluated with the similarities of former studies’ accuracy, sensitivity, and precision values. The branching structure of gene variants obtained by tree classification is consistent with the studies in the literature. Our study serves to be the first to show that there is a need for further comprehensive studies with data from different ethnic groups to increase the predictive accuracy rates and to state that machine learning may guide in predicting the effect of gene variants on behavior in the future.
Water Quality Effects on Growth and Survival of Oreochromis jipe and Oreochromis niloticus Species in Aquaculture
Authors: O. Omweno Job , Getabu Albert , Omondi Reuben , S. Orina Paul
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted at Kegati Aquaculture Center (KMFRI) for 12 weeks to evaluate the effect of water quality parameters on the growth and survival rates of Oreochromis jipe and Oreochromis niloticus. The fingerlings (n = 270), were stocked in triplicates in 9m2 raised ponds arranged in double series and fed on a 30% CP ration twice a day at 10% total bodyweight. Water quality parameters were measured daily using the YSI multi-parameter meter. Fish total length and bodyweight was determined biweekly using a measuring board and a digital weighing balance, respectively, and survivals were determined from the initial and final counts of fingerlings. Data were analyzed with an unpaired sample t-test using R-software and statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), and salinity showed no significant differences, whereas the pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the O. jipe and O. niloticus. Furthermore, O. jipe attained a lower final mean weight (12.16 ± 0.34 g) compared to O. niloticus (29.79 ± 0.91 g). The study recommends a further study be conducted in a controlled culture environment to establish optimal conditions for O. jipe culture.
Laterally Coordinated Gaits in the Modern Horse (Equus ferus caballus)
Authors: Renders Elise , Vincelette Alan
Published: September 2022

Besides “natural” gaits of walk, trot, and canter, selected horse breeds engage in the so-called artificial gaits, including the fox trot, running walk, and rack. Though some studies have been undertaken of these artificial gaits, the datasets are incomplete, sample sizes are small, and no comprehensive overview has been written. After reviewing the literature and detailing what is known about these artificial horse gaits, the authors present data of their own. Linear, temporal, and footprint parameters or given regarding artificial gaits of twenty horses total from specialized breeds. In addition to finding decreasing stride duration, lateral advanced placement, and tripedal support as one moves from the walk to the running walk to the rack, as with previous studies, we also found decreasing ipsilateral/diagonal step time ratios and increasing ipsilateral swing phase overlaps. Visually, the walk, trot, fox trot, and slow rack leave trackways of ipsilateral pairs in parallel rows, the running walk and canter leave trackways of isolated prints with the running walk pattern more symmetrical, and the fast rack, stepping pace, and pace leave trackways with an undulating pattern formed by diagonal pairs of hooves with hooves often crossing over the center line yielding a negative interior straddle.
Phytochemical Changes in Root Vegetables during Postharvest Storage
Authors: K. Lelmen Elijah , K. Makatiani Jacqueline
Published: September 2022

Root vegetables contain phytochemicals that are essential for human nutrition, in addition to offering desirable health benefits such as anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory activities. The quantity and stability of these phytochemicals vary greatly among root vegetable cultivars and landraces. Besides, freshly harvested root vegetables deteriorate rapidly thus causing significant losses in their quality attributes. To minimize these losses, various postharvest technologies have been assessed and shown efficacy in prolonging the shelf-life of stored vegetables. However, postharvest technologies may contribute to deterioration of nutrients and/or accumulation of toxic compounds such as glycoalkaloids. Therefore, this chapter summarizes information that has been reported on the influence of varied pre-storage treatments and storage systems on the quality of root vegetables. Quality attributes that are highlighted include changes in: root vegetable morphology such as sprouting, dehydration, and greening; phytochemical content of phenolics, flavonoids, glycoalkaloids, alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids; and nutritional content of carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, and carotenoids.
Quantum Dots as Material for Efficient Energy Harvesting
Authors: Kwaśnicki Paweł
Published: September 2022

The essence of the photovoltaic effect is the generation of electric current with the help of light. Absorption of a quantum of the energy of light (photon) generates the appearance of an electron in the conduction band and holes in the valence band. The illumination of the material, in general, is not uniform, which leads to the appearance of spatially inhomogeneous charge in the band valence and conductivity. Besides, electrons and holes generally diffuse with different velocities, which leads to the creation of a separated space charge and generation of an electric field (sometimes called the Dember field). This field inhibits further separation of cargo. The reverse processes also take place in the system, i.e. electron recombination and holes. These processes are destructive from the point of view of photovoltaics and should be minimized, which is achieved; thanks to the spatial separation of electrons and holes. The point is that electrons and holes were carried away from the area where they formed as quickly as possible, yes to prevent their spontaneous recombination. The use of semiconductor quantum dots introduced into the photoelectric material is currently a very important and effective way to increase the efficiency of photoelectric devices and photovoltaic cells. This is due to the fact that in semiconductor photoelectric materials with no quantum dots, there is always some upper limit of the wavelength λgrgr≃1,24/EgeV for absorbed light, above which the light is not absorbed.