bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TDCOSMO
Authors: Mozumdar P. , Fassnacht C. D. , Treu T. , Spiniello C. , Shajib A. J.
Published: February 2023

We have measured the redshifts and single-aperture velocity dispersions of eight lens galaxies using the data collected by the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI) and Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (LRIS) at W.M. Keck observatory on different observing nights spread over three years (2018–2020). These results, combined with other ancillary data, such as high-resolution images of the lens systems, and time delays, are necessary to increase the sample size of the quasar-galaxy lens systems for which the Hubble constant can be measured, using the time-delay strong lensing method, hence increasing the precision of its inference. Typically, the 2D spectra of the quasar-galaxy lens systems get spatially blended due to seeing by ground-based observations. As a result, the extracted lensing galaxy (deflector) spectra become significantly contaminated by quasar light, which affects the ability to extract meaningful information about the deflector. To account for spatial blending and extract less contaminated and higher signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) 1D spectra of the deflectors, a forward modeling method has been implemented. From the extracted spectra, we have measured redshifts using prominent absorption lines and single aperture velocity dispersions using the penalized pixel fitting code pPXF. In this paper, we report the redshifts and single aperture velocity dispersions of eight lens galaxies – J0147+4630, B0445+123, B0631+519, J0659+1629, J0818−2613, J0924+0219, J1433+6007, and J1817+2729. Among these systems, six do not have previously measured velocity dispersions; for the other two, our measurements are consistent with previously reported values. Additionally, we have measured the previously unknown redshifts of the deflectors in J0818−2613 and J1817+2729 to be 0.866 ± 0.002 and 0.408 ± 0.002, respectively.
Complementary cosmological simulations
Authors: Rácz Gábor , Kiessling Alina , Csabai István , Szapudi István
Published: February 2023

Context. Cosmic variance limits the accuracy of cosmological N-body simulations, introducing bias in statistics such as the power spectrum, halo mass function, or the cosmic shear.

Aims. We provide new methods to measure and reduce the effect of cosmic variance in existing and new simulations.

Methods. We ran pairs of simulations using phase-shifted initial conditions with matching amplitudes. We set the initial amplitudes of the Fourier modes to ensure that the average power spectrum of the pair is equal to the cosmic mean power spectrum from linear theory.

Results. The average power spectrum of a pair of such simulations remains consistent with the estimated nonlinear spectra of the state-of-the-art methods even at late times. We also show that the effect of cosmic variance on any analysis involving a cosmological simulation can be estimated using the complementary pair of the original simulation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our novel technique, we simulated a complementary pair of the original Millennium run and quantified the degree to which cosmic variance affected its the power spectrum. The average power spectrum of the original and complementary Millennium simulation was able to directly resolve the baryon acoustic oscillation features.
Deficit of primitive compositions in binary asteroids and pairs
Authors: Minker K. , Carry B.
Published: February 2023

Context. Small binary asteroid systems and pairs are thought to form through fission induced by spin up via the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect. This process is expected to depend on their structural strength and therefore composition.

Aims. We aim to determine how taxonomic classes – used as a proxy for composition – are distributed amongst binary asteroids and asteroid pairs compared to the general population.

Methods. We compared the distribution of taxonomic classes of binary systems and pairs with that of a reference sample of asteroids. We built this sample by selecting asteroids in a way that reproduces the orbital and size distribution of the binaries and pairs. We did this in order to minimize potential biases between samples.

Results. A strong deficit of primitive compositions (C, B, P, D types) among binary asteroids and asteroid pairs is identified, as well as a strong excess of asteroids with mafic-silicate-rich surface compositions (S, Q, V, A types).

Conclusions. Amongst low-mass, rapidly rotating asteroids, those with mafic-silicate-rich compositions are more likely to form multiple asteroid systems than their primitive counterparts.
Optimal control of ensembles of dynamical systems
Authors: Scagliotti Alessandro
Published: February 2023

In this paper we consider the problem of the optimal control of an ensemble of affine-control systems. After proving the well-posedness of the minimization problem under examination, we establish a Γ-convergence result that allows us to substitute the original (and usually infinite) ensemble with a sequence of finite increasing-in-size sub-ensembles. The solutions of the optimal control problems involving these sub-ensembles provide approximations in the L2-strong topology of the minimizers of the original problem. Using again a Γ-convergence argument, we manage to derive a Maximum Principle for ensemble optimal control problems with end-point cost. Moreover, in the case of finite sub-ensembles, we can address the minimization of the related cost through numerical schemes. In particular, we propose an algorithm that consists of a subspace projection of the gradient field induced on the space of admissible controls by the approximating cost functional. In addition, we consider an iterative method based on the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. Finally, we test the algorithms on an ensemble of linear systems in ℝ2.
Leserbrief zur Arbeit: Kaiser B, Gohritz A, Mende K et al.
Knochenrekonstruktion an der oberen Extremität mittels eines freien
vaskularisierten Knochentransplantates aus der medialen Femurkondyle ohne
Berücksichtigung des Skaphoids.
Authors: Pögl Dieter , Al-Benna Sammy
Published: February 2023

Sehr geehrte Herausgeber

mit großem Interesse haben wir die Arbeit „Knochenrekonstruktion an
der oberen Extremität mittels eines freien vaskularisierten
Knochentransplantates aus dem medialen Femurkondyl ohne Berücksichtigung des
Skaphoids“ gelesen 1. Die Arbeit
unterstreicht wichtige Aspekte in Bezug auf die Überlegenheit der Verwendung
von vaskularisierten Knochentransplantaten, auch bei kleinen Defekten,
gegenüber der herkömmlichen Spongiosaplastik oder nicht
vaskularisierten Transplantaten. Bei Defekten mit schlecht vaskularisierter Umgebung
ist der Erhalt der Länge, des Alignments/Rotation sowie die
Verbesserung der Durchblutung essentiell. Das Transplantat sollte dazu
möglichst „pressfit“ eingebracht werden. Dazu braucht es ein
Knochentransplantat mit entsprechender Größe um die Durchblutung
ausreichend wiederherzustellen. Der freie medialen Femurkondyl rekonstruiert die
Gefäßsituation und begünstigt die Knochenheilung in
Pseudarthrosen und Defekten. Beide Aufgaben erfüllt er mit
Überlegenheit zu nicht vaskularisierten Varianten.
Wenn aus einem Bauchgefühl viszerale Schmerzen werden:
Placebo- und Nocebo-Mechanismen entlang der Darm-Hirn-Achse
Authors: Jan Pawlik Robert , Aulenkamp JanaLuisa , Elsenbruch Sigrid
Published: February 2023

Das Erleben von Schmerz ist nach heutigem Verständnis durch eine Vielzahl
biologischer, psychologischer und sozialer Faktoren geprägt und somit
eine komplexe, von der Nozizeption abzugrenzende, psychologische Erfahrung.
Entsprechend ist das Schmerzerleben durch psychologische Faktoren modulierbar
und chronische Schmerzen werden als biopsychosoziale Erkrankungen verstanden.
Dies gilt auch für den Viszeralschmerz, dem spezifische
psychophysiologische Prinzipien und neurobiologische Mechanismen zugrunde
liegen, was eine interdisziplinäre Betrachtung unter Einbeziehung der
Psychologie und der Neurowissenschaften erforderlich macht. Ausgehend von den
bidirektionalen Verbindungen zwischen Darm und Hirn und aufbauend auf einem
biopsychosozialen Krankheitsmodell beschreibt dieser Übersichtsbeitrag
psychologische Mechanismen, die bei der Entstehung, Aufrechterhaltung und
Therapie viszeraler Schmerzen wichtig sind. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf positiven
und negativen Erwartungseffekten im psychosozialen Behandlungskontext.
Therapieerwartungen können Krankheitssymptome sowohl positiv als auch
negativ beeinflussen. Diese gemeinhin als Placebo- und Noceboeffekte bekannten
Phänomene, die durch die Arzt-Patient Kommunikation, Lernprozesse,
Stress und Furcht vermittelt werden, sind auch für den Viszeralschmerz
bei gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen zunehmend anerkannt und Gegenstand aktueller
grundlagenwissenschaftlicher und klinischer Forschungsaktivitäten. Neue
interdisziplinäre und translationale Forschungsansätze aus der
Forschung zu Placebo- und Noceboeffekten liefern spannende Einblicke in die
zahlreichen Verbindungen und Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Darm und Gehirn bei
normalen wie auch pathologischen Darm-Hirn Interaktionen und können dazu
beitragen, die Pathophysiologie von Erkrankungen, die mit viszeralen Schmerzen
einhergehen, besser zu verstehen und wichtige Erkenntnisse für neue
Therapieansätze zu gewinnen.
Was ist Gesundheit?
Authors: Wydra Georg
Published: February 2023

Gesundheit ist ein abstrakter Begriff, der von jedem anders interpretiert wird.
Unser Gesundheitssystem orientiert sich an Krankheiten und Gebrechen, obwohl die
Weltgesundheitsorganisation bereits 1946 in ihrer Präambel festgestellt
hat, dass auch das umfassende Wohlbefinden in körperlicher, psychischer
und sozialer Hinsicht berücksichtigt werden sollte. Vor dem Hintergrund
einer umfassenden Beschäftigung mit dem Gesundheitsbegriff wird der
Versuch unternommen, ein heuristisches mehrdimensionales Gesundheitsmodell zu
entwickeln, das diese Schwächen beseitigt. Das Modell ist durch folgende
fünf Dimensionen charakterisiert:

1 Neben Krankheiten, Schmerzen und Missempfindungen werden auch das
Wohlbefinden und die Bewegungskompetenz als Kriterien einer positiv verstandenen
Gesundheit in den Blick genommen.

2 Prinzipiell ist zu unterscheiden, ob die Beurteilung der Gesundheit
durch den Betroffenen selbst (Selbsturteil) oder durch eine andere Person
(Fremdurteil) erfolgt.

3 Entsprechend der WHO-Definition und neuerer Vorstellungen einer
ganzheitlichen Medizin sollte die bio-psycho-soziale Einheit des Menschen
berücksichtigt werden. Die Überrepräsentanz somatischer
Aspekte könnte hierdurch überwunden werden.

4 Krankheit und Gesundheit haben eine Entstehungsgeschichte. Viele
Erkrankungen der heutigen Zeit entstehen nicht über Nacht, sondern
über mehr oder weniger lange Zeiträume (retrospektiver Aspekt).
Und nach einer Erkrankung gilt es, zeitlich nach vorn zu schauen (prospektiver
Aspekt), um die neue gewonnene Gesundheit präventiv zu sichern.

5 Gesundheit und Krankheit haben darüber auch eine soziale
Dimension. Für das Individuum bedeuten Gesundheit oder Krankheit im
Extremfall Tod oder Leben. Für die Gesellschaft können sowohl
die Gesundheit des Individuums als auch der ganzen Gesellschaft mit erheblichen
Herausforderungen verbunden sein, wie gerade die Corona-Pandemie gezeigt
hat.
Vergleich der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit von Kindern aus
einem Sportkindergarten und Kindern aus einem Kindergarten ohne
Bewegungsförderung mit dem MOT 4–6
Authors: Dincher Andrea
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund Bewegung, Spiel und Sport sind essenziell für die
Entwicklung der Gesamtpersönlichkeit unserer Kinder. Über
Bewegung erfahren sie ihre Umwelt und entwickeln ihre motorischen
Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten weiter. Aber wie wirken sich Bewegung,
Spiel und Sport auf die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit aus? Dies soll in
der vorliegenden Arbeit überprüft werden.

Methodik Es wurden zwei Kindergärten mit unterschiedlichen
Konzepten miteinander verglichen (Sportkindergarten und Kindergarten ohne
Bewegungsförderung). 101 Kinder (57 Jungen, 44 Mädchen, Alter
57,28±6,75 Monate) nahmen an der Untersuchung teil. Zur
Überprüfung der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit wurde der
Motoriktest für 4- bis 6-jährige Kinder MOT 4–6
eingesetzt. Der Gesamt-Punktwert, Prozentrang und motorischer Quotient wurden
mittels univariater ANOVA analysiert. Im zweiten Schritt wurde eine multiple
lineare Regressionsanalyse für den Gesamt-Rohwert des MOT 4–6
und anschließend für die einzelnen Testaufgaben
durchgeführt, um festzustellen, inwieweit Alter, Geschlecht und
Kindergartenzugehörigkeit als Prädiktoren Aussagen treffen.

Ergebnisse Bei Gesamt-Punktwert, -Prozentrang und motorischem Quotient
zeigen sich signifikante Gruppenunterschiede. Eine Interaktion
Kindergartenzugehörigkeit*Alter zeigt sich nicht. Die
erklärte Varianz erreicht beim Gesamtrohwert 41%, wenn
Kindergartenzugehörigkeit und Alter als Prädiktoren herangezogen
werden. Bei den Testaufgaben werden hierbei Werte zwischen
R2=54% (Balancieren rückwärts) und
R2=1% (Zielwurf auf eine Scheibe) erreicht.

Diskussion Die signifikanten Unterschiede bei den Punktwerten sind
teilweise auf den signifikanten Unterschied beim Alter und dem damit
zusammenhängenden Entwicklungsstand der Kinder
zurückzuführen. Die signifikanten Unterschiede bei den
geschlechts- und altersnormierten Prozentrang und motorischem Quotienten kann
auf das Bewegungskonzept des Sportkindergartens zurückzuführen
sein. Die Kindergartenzugehörigkeit erweist sich bei vielen Aufgaben als
stärkster Prädiktor, gefolgt vom Alter der Kinder. Es zeigt
sich, dass die Kinder des Sportkindergartens in ihrer motorischen Entwicklung
über ein Jahr älter sind als die Kinder des
Regelkindergartens.

Ausblick Die Studie könnte trotz aussagekräftiger
Ergebnisse aufgrund des hohen Zeitaufwands des Motoriktests für 4- bis
6-jährige Kinder mit einem ökonomischen Screeningverfahren wie
dem MOBAK-KG, dem MOT 4–8 Screen oder dem MobiScreen für 4- bis
6-jährige Kinder wiederholt und die Ergebnisse könnten
miteinander verglichen werden.
Comparison of Multifrequency Narrow-Band CE-Chirp and Tone Burst Evoked Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials
Authors: Neupane Anuj Kumar , Lodha Vidhi
Published: February 2023

Abstract Background Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are inhibitory myogenic responses that have commonly been elicited using a variety of stimuli. Yet the comparison of the effects of multifrequency tone bursts and narrow-band Claus Elberling
chirps (NB CE-chirps) on cVEMPs has never been studied in homogeneous age groups. Purpose The present study focused on comparing the effect of multifrequency NB CE-chirps and tone bursts on the various parameters of cVEMP responses in normal-hearing younger adults. Research
Design A within-group study design was applied, and purposive sampling was utilized for the collection of the data sample. Study Sample The present study involved the elicitation of NB CE-chirp and tone burst‐evoked cVEMPs across four-octave frequencies in 25
normal-hearing younger adults. Results NB CE-chirp and tone burst evoked cVEMPs were found to have a 100% response rate for all frequencies except 4,000 Hz. Across frequencies, P1 and N1 latencies were seen to be significantly shorter for NB CE-chirps than tone bursts
at 500 Hz and 1,000 Hz stimulation. No differences were seen in the P1N1 amplitudes and interaural asymmetry ratio between the two stimuli across all four-octave frequencies. Furthermore, we found a significantly higher number of ears tuned to NB CE-chirps than tone bursts at 500 Hz.
Conclusions Comparative differences in the latencies of cVEMP responses between and within stimuli could be due to the variation in stimuli duration. Also, the difference in amplitudes across stimulation frequencies might have resulted due to the predominance of saccular responses
at lower mechanical resonance frequencies. Thus, the tuning was also seen at 500 Hz and was relatively higher for NB CE-chirps than tone bursts.
Rigorous scaling laws for internally heated convection at infinite Prandtl number
Authors: Arslan Ali , Fantuzzi Giovanni , Craske John , Wynn Andrew
Published: February 2023

We prove rigorous scaling laws for measures of the vertical heat transport enhancement in two models of convection driven by uniform internal heating at infinite Prandtl number. In the first model, a layer of incompressible fluid is bounded by horizontal plates held at the same constant temperature and convection reduces the fraction of the total dimensionless heat input per unit volume and time escaping the layer through the bottom boundary. We prove that this fraction decreases no faster than O(R−2), where R is a “flux” Rayleigh number quantifying the strength of the internal heating relative to diffusion. The second model, instead, has a perfectly insulating bottom boundary, so all heat must escape through the top one. In this case, we prove that the Nusselt number, defined as the ratio of the total-to-conductive vertical heat flux, grows no faster than O(R4). These power-law bounds improve on exponential results available for fluids with finite Prandtl number. The proof combines the background method with a minimum principle for the fluid’s temperature and with Hardy–Rellich inequalities to exploit the link between the vertical velocity and temperature available at infinite Prandtl number.
Heterodyne performance and characteristics of terahertz MgB2 hot electron bolometers
Authors: Gan Y. , Mirzaei B. , Silva J. R. G. , Cherednichenko S. , van der Tak F. , Gao J. R.
Published: February 2023

We have studied THz heterodyne detection in sub-micrometer MgB2 hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers based on superconducting MgB2 films of ∼5nm (HEB-A), corresponding to a critical temperature (Tc) of 33.9 K, and ∼7nm (HEB-B), corresponding to a Tc of 38.4 K. We have measured a double sideband (DSB) receiver noise temperature of 2590 K for HEB-A and 2160 K for HEB-B at 1.6 THz and 5 K. By correcting for optical losses, both HEBs show receiver noise temperatures of ∼1600 K referenced to the front of anti-reflection (AR)-coated Si lenses. An intermediate frequency (IF) noise bandwidth of 11 GHz has been measured for both devices. The required local oscillator (LO) power is about 13 μW for both HEBs. We have also measured a DSB receiver noise temperature of 3290 K at 2.5 THz and 5 K but with an AR-coated lens optimized for 1.6 THz. Besides, we have observed a step-like structure in current voltage (IV) curves, which becomes weaker when the LO power increases and observable only in their differential resistance. Such a correlated structure appears also in the receiver output power as a function of voltage, which is likely due to electronic inhomogeneities intrinsic to the variations in the thickness of the MgB2 films. Different behavior in the IV curves around the low bias voltages, pumped with the same LO power at 1.6 and 5.3 THz, was observed for HEB-B, suggesting the presence of a high-energy σ-gap in the MgB2 film.
Synergistic band modulation and precipitates: Achieving high quality factor in SnTe
Authors: He Shan , Zhang Fujie , Li Ruiheng , Gan Lin , Tan Xiaobo , Zhu Jianglong , Ang Ran
Published: February 2023

Breaking the thermoelectric figure of merit zT barrier of SnTe enables it to become a promising alternative to PbTe; however, the inferior and strongly coupled physicochemical properties of pristine SnTe severely restrict the efficient optimization. Herein, we doped trivalent Sb in SnTe and incorporated SnS particles to achieve high quality factor B through a two-step optimization strategy of tuning the valence band structure and intercalating heterostructural precipitates, and well predicted the potential prospects. The high solubility limit of Sb not only reduced the carrier concentration nH but also significantly optimized the valence band structure and improved the Seebeck coefficient, thereby enhancing the weight mobility μw in the all-temperature region. Furthermore, the additional SnS, which tends to exist as precipitates with different micrometer-scale sizes, enhanced low-medium-frequency phonon scattering in a wider frequency range except for point defects scattering, suppressing the lattice thermal conductivity to 0.55 W m−1 K−1. As a result of this synergistic effect, a high B-factor of ∼0.82 greater than triple pure SnTe was obtained in Sn0.91Sb0.09Te-10%SnS, with an enhanced zT of ∼1.15 at 850 K. More importantly, the high B-factor accurately predicted an excellent zT value of ∼1.65 at the optimal Fermi level, which highlights the great potential of Sn1-xSbxTe-y%SnS-based materials. This work provides an effective route for stepwise optimization of electrical and thermal performance from the B-factor perspective and has guiding significance for other thermoelectric materials.
Slater transition methods for core-level electron binding energies
Authors: Jana Subrata , Herbert John M.
Published: February 2023

Methods for computing core-level ionization energies using self-consistent field (SCF) calculations are evaluated and benchmarked. These include a “full core hole” (or “ΔSCF”) approach that fully accounts for orbital relaxation upon ionization, but also methods based on Slater’s transition concept in which the binding energy is estimated from an orbital energy level that is obtained from a fractional-occupancy SCF calculation. A generalization that uses two different fractional-occupancy SCF calculations is also considered. The best of the Slater-type methods afford mean errors of 0.3–0.4 eV with respect to experiment for a dataset of K-shell ionization energies, a level of accuracy that is competitive with more expensive many-body techniques. An empirical shifting procedure with one adjustable parameter reduces the average error below 0.2 eV. This shifted Slater transition method is a simple and practical way to compute core-level binding energies using only initial-state Kohn–Sham eigenvalues. It requires no more computational effort than ΔSCF and may be especially useful for simulating transient x-ray experiments where core-level spectroscopy is used to probe an excited electronic state, for which the ΔSCF approach requires a tedious state-by-state calculation of the spectrum. As an example, we use Slater-type methods to model x-ray emission spectroscopy.
Diffusiophoresis of hydrophobic spherical particles in a solution of general electrolyte
Authors: Samanta Susmita , Mahapatra Paramita , Ohshima H. , Gopmandal Partha P.
Published: February 2023

The present article deals with the diffusiophoresis of hydrophobic rigid colloids bearing arbitrary ζ-potential. We derived the generic expression for the diffusiophoretic velocity of such a colloid exposed in an externally applied concentration gradient of the general electrolyte solution. The derived expression takes into account the relaxation effect and is applicable for all values of surface ζ-potential and hydrodynamic slip length at large κa (κa≥ca.50), where κ−1 is the thickness of the electric double layer and a is the particle radius. We further derived several closed-form expressions for particle velocity derived under various electrostatic and hydrodynamic conditions when the particle is exposed in an applied concentration gradient of binary symmetric (e.g., z:z), asymmetric (1:2, 2:1, 3:1, 1:3), and a mixed electrolyte (mixture of 1:1 and 2:1 electrolytes). The results for diffusiophoretic velocity are further illustrated graphically to indicate the mutual interaction of chemiphoresis, induced electrophoresis due to unequal mobilities of cations and anions of the electrolyte, and the mechanism by which the sufficiently charged particle migrates opposite to the direction of the applied concentration gradient. The impact of hydrophobicity is further discussed.
Discovery of cyanophycin dipeptide hydrolase enzymes suggests widespread utility of the natural biopolymer cyanophycin
Authors: Sharon Itai , McKay Geoffrey A. , Nguyen Dao , Schmeing T. Martin
Published: February 2023

Cyanophycin is a bacterial polymer mainly used for nitrogen storage. It is composed of a peptide backbone of L-aspartate residues with L-arginines attached to their side chains through isopeptide bonds. Cyanophycin is degraded in two steps: Cyanophycinase cleaves the polymer into β-Asp-Arg dipeptides, which are hydrolyzed into free Asp and Arg by enzymes possessing isoaspartyl dipeptide hydrolase activity. Two unrelated enzymes with this activity, isoaspartyl dipeptidase (IadA) and isoaspartyl aminopeptidase (IaaA) have been shown to degrade β-Asp-Arg dipeptides, but bacteria which encode cyanophycin-metabolizing genes can lack
iaaA
and
iadA
genes. In this study, we investigate a previously uncharacterized enzyme whose gene can cluster with cyanophycin-metabolizing genes. This enzyme, which we name cyanophycin dipeptide hydrolase (CphZ), is specific for dipeptides derived from cyanophycin degradation. Accordingly, a co-complex structure of CphZ and β-Asp-Arg shows that CphZ, unlike IadA or IaaA, recognizes all portions of its β-Asp-Arg substrate. Bioinformatic analyses showed that CphZ is found in very many proteobacteria and is homologous to an uncharacterized protein encoded in the “arginine/ornithine transport” (aot) operon of many pseudomonas species, including
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. In vitro assays show that AotO is indeed a CphZ, and in cellulo growth experiments show that this enzyme and the
aot
operon allow
P. aeruginosa
to take up and use β-Asp-Arg as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. Together the results establish the novel, highly specific enzyme subfamily of CphZs, suggesting that cyanophycin is potentially used by a much wider range of bacteria than previously appreciated.
In the name of the nobility of the cause, what I did is right
Authors: Elnakkouzi Rania
Published: February 2023

Discourse-focused analyses of political communication show a complex interplay between narration and
argumentation. Yet, current analytical tools fall short of accounting for the multifarious ways in which narratives perform as
arguments. This paper adopts the notion narrative argument, developed in argumentation theory, to examine the ways the
‘hero-protector’ narrative serves as argument. The paper analyzes four speeches given by Donald Trump and Joe Biden, whereby the
use of force on foreign grounds is justified via the ‘hero-protector’ narrative. The analytical framework combines the
argumentation strategies of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) with pragma-dialectics’ argumentation schemes. The analysis
shows that each narrative sequence constituting the ‘hero-protector’ narrative constructs specific argument schemes, and the
logical connections between these sequences link arguments in chains to collectively justify the rightness of claims. The paper,
thus, seeks to illustrate the possibility of conceptualizing narrative discourse as an effective way to argue for or against a
claim.
Multiphysics multi-scale computational framework for linking process–structure–property relationships in metal additive manufacturing: a critical review
Authors: Sharma Shashank , Joshi Sameehan S. , Pantawane Mangesh V. , Radhakrishnan Madhavan , Mazumder Sangram , Dahotre Narendra B.
Published: February 2023

This review article provides a critical assessment of the progress made in computational modelling of metal-based additive manufacturing (AM) with emphasis on its ability to predict physical phenomena, concepts of microstructural evolution, residual stresses, role of multiple thermal cycles, and formation of multi-dimensional defects along with the achieved degree of experimental validation. The uniqueness of this article stems from the inclusion of comprehensive information on computational progress in the field of fusion-based, sintering-based, and mechanical deformation-based AM. A computational model's role in determining the process framework for the desired outcome of the set properties of the AM components is recognised while presenting the process-microstructure maps, thereby appraising computational ability towards the qualification of products. The inclusion of a detailed discussion on the bi-directional coupling of machine learning and physics-based computational models provides a futuristic roadmap for the digital twin of metal-based AM.
The Development of a Forensic Intellectual Disability Model of Care: Synergy to Achieve Equity
Authors: Duff M. , Paki W. ,   (Waikato, Te Arawa, Ngaaruahine), Butler R. , McSweeney C. , McKenna B.
Published: February 2023

There is a relative lack of research focused on people with intellectual disabilities within forensic settings and limited information describing models of care. This article describes the process of enquiry and information gathering that was synthesized to develop a specific model of care for a specialist forensic intellectual disability secure care unit within a forensic mental health service in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The obligations to address the over representation of tāngata whenua (Māori; Indigenous people of Aotearoa) and to resist the dominant Western and mental health paradigms being ineffectively imposed within this specialist service, were acknowledged as central challenges. A literature review, consultation with tāngata whaikaha hinengaro (service users) and Māori cultural input provided a platform to synthesize diverse perspectives. This resulted in the weaving together of the important elements necessary in a model of care, to optimize specialist forensic intellectual disability care and rehabilitation in Aotearoa. This article has an emphasis on the research literature, but is not a research project, rather it is a description of the process leading to a negotiated model of care to achieve equity.
The outer mitochondrial membrane protein TMEM11 demarcates spatially restricted BNIP3/BNIP3L-mediated mitophagy
Authors: Gok Mehmet Oguz , Connor Olivia M. , Wang Xun , Menezes Cameron J. , Llamas Claire B. , Mishra Prashant , Friedman Jonathan R.
Published: February 2023

Mitochondria play critical roles in cellular metabolism and to maintain their integrity, they are regulated by several quality control pathways, including mitophagy. During BNIP3/BNIP3L-dependent receptor-mediated mitophagy, mitochondria are selectively targeted for degradation by the direct recruitment of the autophagy protein LC3. BNIP3 and/or BNIP3L are upregulated situationally, for example during hypoxia and developmentally during erythrocyte maturation. However, it is not well understood how they are spatially regulated within the mitochondrial network to locally trigger mitophagy. Here, we find that the poorly characterized mitochondrial protein TMEM11 forms a complex with BNIP3 and BNIP3L and co-enriches at sites of mitophagosome formation. We find that mitophagy is hyper-active in the absence of TMEM11 during both normoxia and hypoxia-mimetic conditions due to an increase in BNIP3/BNIP3L mitophagy sites, supporting a model that TMEM11 spatially restricts mitophagosome formation.
Final report of CCQM-K172 on measurement of Specific Adsorption A [mol/kg] of Ar on zeolite at liquid argon temperature (to enable a traceable determination of the Specific Surface Area by following ISO 9277)
Authors: Sobina Egor , Prinz Carsten , Landi Sandra M , Santos Bianca P S , Damasceno Jailton C , Kuznetsov Oleksii , BİLSEL Mine , Sadak Ali Enis , Wang Hai
Published: February 2023

Main text

The CCQM-K172 key comparison on measurement of Specific Adsorption A [mol/kg] of Ar on zeolite at liquid argon temperature (to enable a traceable determination of the Specific Surface Area by following ISO 9277) has been performed by the Surface Analysis Working Group (SAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). The objective of this key comparison is to compare the equivalency of the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) for the measurement of specific adsorption of Ar, BET specific surface area) of microporous substances (zeolites, sorbents, ceramics, catalytic agents, etc) used in advanced technology.

In this key comparison, a commercial zeolite was supplied as a sample. Five NMIs/DIs participated in this key comparison. All participants used a gas adsorption method, here argon adsorption at 77.3 K, for analysis according to the international standard ISO 9277.

In this key comparison, the degrees of equivalence uncertainties for specific adsorption argon, BET specific surface area were established.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Investigation of Multi-ionization Processes of Kr and Xe Using Short-pulse X-rays and Time-of-flight Apparatus
Authors: Gejo Tatsuo , Tanaka Yuka , Sakano Takuya , Takeuchi Satoshi , Takahashi Osamu , Osawa Hitoshi , Sugimoto Kunihisa , Tamasaku Kenji , Oura Masaki
Published: February 2023

The multi-ionization processes of Kr and Xe in the K-edge photon energy region were investigated using short-pulse x-rays and time-of-flight apparatus. The generation of Kr13+ ions in this photon energy region was observed for the first time. The distribution characteristics observed in the experiment, such as the production of Kr13+ ions, high production ratios of Kr4+, Kr5+, and Kr6+ ions, and the existence of a small peak for Kr8+, were quantitatively reproduced by the Monte Carlo simulation for the charge distribution of Kr ions following 1s of inner shell ionization. The highly charged ions were suppressed in the experiments compared with those in the simulation, probably owing to the inhibition of certain Coster-Kronig processes in the highly charged ions, which were not considered for analysis. The charge distribution of Xe ions following 1s of inner shell ionization was also investigated. A similar charge distribution was observed when the photon energy was located between the K and L edges. This is because the Xe 1s hole state mainly undergoes ultrafast relaxation to the 2p hole state owing to the strong dipole transition moment between the 1s and 2p states.
Controlled synthesis of 3D urchinlike niobium tungsten oxide nanostructure for fast hydrogen ion storage
Authors: Wang Liushun , Zhang Hanyang , Yin Yanling , Zhou YuLan , Yin Xixi , Wang Ting , Zeng Jing , Wang Weike , Zhou Weichang , Tang Dongsheng
Published: February 2023

The shear crystal structure through metal doping can effectively promote the transport speed of ions and electrons in metal oxides, which has important dynamic significance for the design of high-performance energy storage materials. Herein, a 3D urchinlike niobium tungsten oxide (NWO) nanostructure as an efficient hydrogen ion storage material is reported for the first time, which exhibits a capacity of 88mAh g−1 at 20 °C (1 °C = 100 mA g−1). The large specific capacity of the 3D urchinlike NWO nanostructure is ascribed to the reversible reaction of a great quantity of W6+, W5+ and W4+ in the process of protonation and deprotonation processes. In addition, hydrogen ions can still be stored in large and stable quantities, even at rates as high as 100 °C (75 mAh g−1 at 100 °C). The improvement of hydrogen ion storage properties is arising from an optimized morphology of niobium tungsten oxide via tuning of the crystal structure. The high specific superficial area 3D urchinlike shape with rich one-dimensional nanostructures significantly shortens charge-carrier transport distances, ensuring rapid interfacial electronics movement to polish up ion storage kinetics. Consequently, this crystallographic shear structure strategy to boost hydrogen ion storage capacity may be universal and is likely to pave the way toward highly capacity hydrogen ion energy storage systems.
Detection of distributed and localized faults in rotating machines using periodically non-stationary covariance analysis of vibrations
Authors: Javorskyj Ihor , Yuzefovych Roman , Lychak Oleh , Semenov Pavlo , Slyepko Roman
Published: February 2023

The covariance structure for vibrations of the noising mechanism for a port crane and a wind turbine with gear tooth breakage are studied on the basis of their models in the form of periodically non-stationary random processes (PNRPs). The investigation is performed by the authors using PNRP statistical analysis methods. The estimations of the basic frequencies of the vibration’s deterministic components and the time changes of the power for the stochastic part (the PNRP variance) are the key issues of this analysis. In the present paper, the basic frequency estimators are obtained using the least squares technique which are characterized by the maximum of the signal-to-noise ratio as compared with techniques known in the literature. Using the basic frequency, values for the Fourier coefficients for the mean and covariance functions are calculated and the dependencies of the forenamed moment functions on time and lag are ascertained. The amplitude spectra of the deterministic oscillations and the time changes of the power of the stochastic part are presented. These spectra are considered as the symptomatic features of the mechanism’s state of health. It is revealed that the high-frequency modulation of PNRP carrier harmonics is narrow-band for both distributed and localized faults. Using bandpass filtering and Hilbert transform, the quadratures for each high-frequency component are separated and analyzed. It is shown that the auto- and cross-covariance structure of the high-frequency component quadratures characterizes the specific features of the different types of faults. Using the cross-covariance map for high-frequency components, the peculiarities of the bandpass filtering of vibrations for a damaged wind turbine’s gearbox as a PNRP’s is considered. It is shown that the filtering bandwidth cannot be narrower than 14 times the basic frequency. This bandwidth essentially exceeds that recommended in the literature (two to three times the basic frequency).
Magnetic resonance biomarker assessment software (MR-BIAS): an automated open-source tool for the ISMRM/NIST system phantom
Authors: Korte James C , Chin Zachary , Carr Madeline , Holloway Lois , Franich Rick
Published: February 2023

Objective. To provide an open-source software for repeatable and efficient quantification of T
1 and T
2 relaxation times with the ISMRM/NIST system phantom. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) biomarkers have the potential to improve disease detection, staging and monitoring of treatment response. Reference objects, such as the system phantom, play a major role in translating qMRI methods into the clinic. The currently available open-source software for ISMRM/NIST system phantom analysis, Phantom Viewer (PV), includes manual steps that are subject to variability. Approach. We developed the Magnetic Resonance BIomarker Assessment Software (MR-BIAS) to automatically extract system phantom relaxation times. The inter-observer variability (IOV) and time efficiency of MR-BIAS and PV was observed in six volunteers analysing three phantom datasets. The IOV was measured with the coefficient of variation (CV) of percent bias (%bias) in T
1 and T
2 with respect to NMR reference values. The accuracy of MR-BIAS was compared to a custom script from a published study of twelve phantom datasets. This included comparison of overall bias and %bias for variable inversion recovery (T
1
VIR), variable flip angle (T
1
VFA) and multiple spin-echo (T
2
MSE) relaxation models. Main results. MR-BIAS had a lower mean CV with T
1
VIR (0.03%) and T
2
MSE (0.05%) in comparison to PV with T
1
VIR (1.28%) and T
2
MSE (4.55%). The mean analysis duration was 9.7 times faster for MR-BIAS (0.8 min) than PV (7.6 min). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall bias, or the %bias for the majority of ROIs, as calculated by MR-BIAS or the custom script for all models. Significance. MR-BIAS has demonstrated repeatable and efficient analysis of the ISMRM/NIST system phantom, with comparable accuracy to previous studies. The software is freely available to the MRI community, providing a framework to automate required analysis tasks, with the flexibility to explore open questions and accelerate biomarker research.
Scanning drift tube measurements and kinetic studies of electron transport in CO
Authors: Dujko S , Bošnjaković D , Vass M , Hartmann P , Korolov I , Pinhão N R , Loffhagen D , Donkó Z
Published: February 2023

We present scanning drift tube measurements of electron swarm transport coefficients in CO as a function of the reduced electric field

E

/

N

at room temperature under time-of-flight conditions. The measurements are compared to modeling results and other available experimental data on swarm transport over the broad range of

E

/

N

from 2 Td to 1603 Td. The modeling results are obtained in Monte Carlo simulations and by solving the electron Boltzmann equation using a multi-term approach and the density gradient expansion procedure. We find generally good agreement between the measured and calculated transport coefficients. We propose a strategy to improve the cross-section set used to explain certain discrepancies at lower

E

/

N

values. Measurements and calculations of electron transport coefficients under hydrodynamic conditions are complemented by Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport in an idealized steady-state Townsend (SST) setup. The ionization coefficient is calculated as a function of

E

/

N

from the spatial density profiles of the electrons and compared to the corresponding values evaluated from the knowledge of the effective ionization frequency, drift velocity and longitudinal diffusion coefficient. Contrary to the traditional views, according to which the spatial relaxation of the mean energy and other transport properties for electrons in molecular gases is most commonly monotonic or quasi-monotonic, we find a ‘window’ of

E

/

N

where the SST transport properties of the electrons exhibit oscillatory behavior as they relax towards the equilibrium state far downstream from the electron emitting boundary.
Evidence for fireballs in bipolar HiPIMS plasmas
Authors: Law Marcus A , Lockwood Estrin Francis , Bryant Paul M , Bowden Mark D , Bradley James W
Published: February 2023

Using laser Thomson scattering (LTS) and 2D optical imaging, a fireball-like discharge is detected during the positive pulse period of bipolar voltage waveforms, for a circular planar unbalanced magnetron with W target operating in argon. These reverse discharges, excited for positive pulse voltages V
pp from 200 to 300 V, sit primarily on the discharge centreline. Their establishment is delayed relative to the initiation of the positive pulse, with the delay time shortening with increased V
pp: they are clearly attached to the target (anode in this phase) and have lifetimes extending to the end of the positive pulse. LTS measurements of the electron temperature T
e show dramatic electron heating (T
e rises from 1 up to 3 eV) both on the discharge centre line and above the racetrack during the fireball event. This is consistent with greater light intensities from the broad band optical imaging of the discharge. In the fireball phase, the LTS measurements also show greatly reduced election densities (by a factor of 5) in the magnetic trap (directly above the racetrack) compared to the unipolar pulse case. The existence of such anodic fireballs is quite possibly an unwanted effect in bipolar HiPIMS.
Absolute dielectronic recombination rate coefficients of highly charged ions at the storage ring CSRm and CSRe
Authors: Huang Zhongkui , Wang Shuxing , Wen Weiqiang , Wang Hanbing , Ma Wanlu , Chen Chongyang , Zhang Chunyu , Chen Dongyang , Huang Houke , Shao Lin , Liu Xin , Zhou Xiaopeng , Mao Lijun , Li Jie , Ma Xiaoming , Tang Meitang , Yang Jiancheng , Yuan Youjin , Zhang Shaofeng , Zhu Linfan , Ma Xinwen
Published: February 2023

Dielectronic recombination (DR) is one of the dominant electron–ion recombination mechanisms for most highly charged ions (HCIs) in cosmic plasmas, and thus, it determines the charge state distribution and ionization balance therein. To reliably interpret spectra from cosmic sources and model the astrophysical plasmas, precise DR rate coefficients are required to build up an accurate understanding of the ionization balance of the sources. The main cooler storage ring (CSRm) and the experimental cooler storage ring (CSRe) at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL) are both equipped with electron cooling devices, which provide an excellent experimental platform for electron-ion collision studies for HCIs. Here, the status of the DR experiments at the HIRFL-CSR is outlined, and the DR measurements with Na-like Kr25+ ions at the CSRm and CSRe are taken as examples. In addition, the plasma recombination rate coefficients for Ar12+, 14+, Ca14+, 16+, 17+, Ni19+, and Kr25+ ions obtained at the HIRFL-CSR are provided. All the data presented in this paper are openly available at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00092.
Er intercalation and its impact on transport properties of epitaxial graphene
Authors: Yang Mingmin , Duan Yong , Kong Wenxia , Zhang Jinzhe , Wang Jianxin , Cai Qun
Published: February 2023

Intercalation of atomic species is a practicable method for epitaxial graphene to adjust the electronic band structure and to tune the coupling between graphene and SiC substrate. In this work, atomically flat epitaxial graphene is prepared on 4H-SiC(0001) using the flash heating method in an ultrahigh vacuum system. Scanning tunneling microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and electrical transport measurements are utilized to investigate surface morphological structures and transport properties of pristine and Er-intercalated epitaxial graphene. It is found that Er atoms are intercalated underneath the graphene layer after annealing at 900 °C, and the intercalation sites of Er atoms are located mainly at the buffer-layer/monolayer-graphene interface in monolayer domains. We also report the different behaviors of Er intercalation in monolayer and bilayer regions, and the experimental results show that the diffusion barrier for Er intercalated atoms in the buffer-layer/monolayer interface is at least 0.2 eV higher than that in the first/second graphene-layer interface. The appearance of Er atoms is found to have distinct impacts on the electronic transports of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001).
Rate of moment convergence in the central limit theorem for the elephant random walk
Authors: Hayashi Masafumi , Oshiro So , Takei Masato
Published: February 2023

The one-dimensional elephant random walk is a typical model of discrete-time random walk with step-reinforcement, and is introduced by Schütz and Trimper (2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 045101). It has a parameter

α
∈
(
−
1
,
1
)

: the case α = 0 corresponds to the simple symmetric random walk, and when α > 0 (resp. α < 0), the mean displacement of the walker at time n grows (resp. vanishes) like n

α
. The walk admits a phase transition at

α
=
1

/

2

from the diffusive behavior to the superdiffusive behavior. In this paper, we study the rate of the moment convergence in the central limit theorem for the position of the walker when

−
1
<
α
⩽
1

/

2

. We find a crossover phenomenon in the rate of convergence of the 2mth moments with

m
=
2
,
3
,
…

inside the diffusive regime

−
1
<
α
<
1

/

2

.