bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Berufsbezogene Rehabilitation für Patient:innen mit chronisch
entzündlicher Darmerkrankung– Ergebnisse einer
Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Langbrandtner Jana , Hüppe Angelika , Reichel Christoph , Steimann Gero
Published: December 2024

Ziel Trotz der gewachsenen Bedeutung von beruflich orientierten Konzepten
bei chronischen Erkrankungen spielen sie in der medizinischen Rehabilitation von
Rehabilitand:innen mit chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankung (CED) bislang noch
eine untergeordnete Rolle. Ziel der Studie war die Erprobung eines
berufsbezogenen Konzeptes für CED-Rehabilitand:innen mit Anzeichen einer
beruflichen Problemlage sowie die Überprüfung der Akzeptanz bei Betroffenen und
ihren Behandelnden. Erste Hinweise auf berufsbezogene und gesundheitliche
Prä-Post-Effekte sollten ermittelt werden.

Methodik In einer einarmigen, multizentrischen, prospektiven
Kohortenstudie wurden CED-Rehabilitand:innen zwischen 18 und 63 Jahren
konsekutiv zu Reha-Beginn auf eine berufsbezogene Problemlage gescreent.
Teilnehmende mit beeinträchtigter beruflicher Teilhabe nahmen an einer beruflich
orientierten Rehabilitation teil und bearbeiteten zu Beginn, am Ende und 6
Monate nach der Rehabilitation einen Fragebogen. Als primäre Zielgrößen wurden
die Einschränkungen der Teilhabe sowie Art und Umfang beruflicher Probleme
definiert. Nach Implementierung des Konzeptes wurden Zufriedenheit und Barrieren
in zwei Fokusgruppeninterviews mit Reha-Mitarbeitenden erhoben.

Ergebnisse Von 156 Rehabilitand:innen, die am berufsbezogenen Konzept
teilnahmen, lagen für 114 (Ø 46,9 Jahre, 55,3%  weiblich, 56,1%  Morbus Crohn)
komplette Datensätze zu allen Messzeitpunkten vor. Ein halbes Jahr nach der
Teilnahme zeigten sich signifikante Verbesserungen in der erlebten Einschränkung
der Teilhabe (p<0,001) und in der berufsbezogenen Problemvielfalt
(p<0,001). In 12 der untersuchten 27 berufsbezogenen Problemfelder reduzierte
sich die derzeitige berufliche Belastung in signifikanter Weise, u. a. in den
Bereichen „Müdigkeit“ (p<0,001) und „verringerte Leistungsfähigkeit“
(p<0,001). Das neue Versorgungskonzept wurde von allen beteiligten
Mitarbeitenden und Rehabilitand:innen positiv angenommen. Teilnehmende
bewerteten die in Anspruch genommenen Therapieangebote mehrheitlich positiv.
Barrieren in der Umsetzung ergaben sich durch begrenzte personelle und zeitliche
Ressourcen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Rückmeldungen der teilnehmenden Rehabilitand:innen
und positiven Veränderungen in den untersuchten Parametern 6 Monate nach der
Rehabilitation weisen auf eine gelungene Implementierung berufsbezogener Inhalte
und erfolgreiche Umsetzung des Konzeptes hin. Trotz der vielversprechenden
Ergebnisse und der hohen Akzeptanz, erfordert eine umfassende Implementierung in
die Routineversorgung mehr Ressourcen. Ob die positiven Verlaufseffekte kausal
auf die Teilnahme an einer berufsbezogenen Rehabilitation zurückzuführen sind,
bleibt unklar. Hierfür bedarf es weiterer Forschung in Form von randomisierten
kontrollierten Studien.
The skin effect in the intermediate state of a current-carrying cylindrical superconductor
Authors: Shklovskii V. A.
Published: December 2024

The characteristic of the skin effect in a superconductor carrying a current higher than the critical current are elucidated. It is suggested that the dependence on the current strength of the thickness of the normal-metal coating of the intermediate state can be studied through the measurement of the frequency dispersion of the dynamical resistance of the sample. The nonlinear effects are discussed.
Steady-state Josephson effect in superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor junctions
Authors: ltskovich I. F. , Shekhter R. I.
Published: December 2024

The steady-state Josephson effect is studied in superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor junctions (S-Sc-S). The dependence of the critical current on effective mass and charge-carrier density is obtained for arbitrary temperatures.
ESR spectrum of Co2+ in Na2ZnCl4 · 3H2O
Authors: Lukin S. N. , Samsonova G. Ya. , Teslya O. P. , Tsintsadze G. A.
Published: December 2024

The ESR spectrum of Co2+ ions in a Na2ZnCl4 · 3H2O crystal with tetrahedral coordination of the bivalent impurity ion is studied with the help of a spectrometer in the 4 mm wavelength range. The spectrum obtained is described by an axial spin Hamiltonian for an ion with S = 3/2, I = 7/2 and with parameters D = + (7.13 ± 0.03) cm−1, g‖ = 2.26±0.01, g⊥ = 2.37±0.02, A = (11 ± 1) · 10−4 cm−1, and B = (22±1)·10−4 cm−1.
Interrelation of electrical, superconducting, and structural characteristics of low-temperature indium thin films
Authors: Belevtsev B. I. , Pilipenko V. V. , Yatsuk L. A.
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive study was made of the electrical, superconducting, and structural properties of indium thin films obtained by condensation on a substrate cooled with liquid helium. Structural electron diffraction analysis made it possible to refine the general law governing the annealing processes occurring when the cold-deposited films are warmed up. The annealing of indium films to about 80–100°K is found to entail an irreversible growth of the interplanar separations owing to a reduction of the inhomogeneous microstresses. When the films are warmed from 100 to 300 °K the main annealing processes are determined by the growth of crystallites and the appearance of a predominant orientation in them. The variation of the residual resistance and of Tc as the cold-deposited films are warmed is explained on the basis of the structural data obtained. In particular, a direct relation is established between the crystallite size and the value of Tc.
Dielectric response functions and spectrum of collective oscillations in bounded superconductors
Authors: Bezuglyĭ E. V. , Bratus’ E. N.
Published: December 2024

The dielectric response function formalism is developed for a superconducting metal for longitudinal and transverse perturbations using the general methods of the electrodynamics of a medium with spatial and frequency dispersion. The results obtained are used to study the spectrum and form of collective oscillations in bounded superconductors. It is shown that excitation of collective oscillations by an external high-frequency field is a result of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the characteristic collective modes of the superconducting specimen. The appearance of new features in the tunnelling current-voltage characteristic of a superconducting film in the regime of fluctuation excitation of collective oscillations, corresponding to the discrete spectrum of collective oscillations in the film, is predicted.
Long-wavelength plasma oscillations in periodic structures with conducting layers
Authors: Korzh S. A. , Kosevich A. M.
Published: December 2024

Plasma oscillations are studied in periodic structures containing conducting layers. New branches in the plasmon dispersion relations are found when retardation of the electromagnetic waves is taken into account. The behavior of other, previously known branches is analyzed in the long wavelength limit.
Effect of pressure on the absorption of first sound in 3He–4He mixtures
Authors: Dyumin N. E. , Esel’son B. N. , Dikina L. S. , Kotenev G. Ya.
Published: December 2024

We have measured the absorption coefficient for first sound at a frequency of 29.8 MHz in a 4% 3He–4He mixture for pressures in the range O ≤P ≤ 20 atm in the temperature interval 0.35–1.5 °K. It is shown that at elevated pressures the sound absorption in the temperature interval 0.3–0.7 °K basically stems from the viscosity of the 3He quasiparticles and from scattering by thermal phonons. In contrast to the case of pure 4He, three-phonon processes make practically no contribution to the sound absorption in the mixtures studied.
The role of machine learning in decoding the molecular complexity of bovine pregnancy: a review
Authors: van Rumpt Marilijn , Rabaglino M. Belen
Published: December 2024

Pregnancy establishment and progression in cattle are pivotal research areas with significant implications for the industry. Despite high fertilization rates, ~50% of bovine pregnancies are lost, pinpointing the need to keep studying the biological principles leading to a successful pregnancy. The increasing access to and generation of omics data have aided in defining the molecular characteristics of pregnancy, i.e. embryo and fetal development and communication with the maternal environment. Large datasets generated through omics technologies are usually analyzed through pipelines that could lack the power to deeply explore the complexity of biological data. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence, offers a promising approach to address this challenge by effectively handling large-scale, heterogeneous and high-dimensional data. This review explores the role of ML in unraveling the intricacies of bovine embryo–maternal communication, including the identification of biomarkers associated with pregnancy outcome prediction and uncovering key genes and pathways involved in embryo development and survival. Through discussing recent studies, we define the contributions of ML towards advancing our understanding of bovine pregnancy, with the final goal of reducing pregnancy losses and enhancing reproductive efficiency while also addressing current limitations and future perspectives of ML in this field.
Genome-edited livestock to secure sustainability
Authors: Sonstegard Tad , Bostrom Jon , Martins Kyra , Kim Eui-Soo , Correia Carolina , MacHugh David , Larson Sabreena , Carlson Daniel
Published: December 2024

Sustainable improvement of production in most tropical dairy systems is a significant challenge, because the cattle breeds with the most genetic potential for milk output relative to native tropical breeds have not been selected for these types of environments. Multiplex genome editing provides a potential solution to introduce beneficial sequence variants (SVs) into elite animals for tropical adaptation in a single generation. Bovine sequence variants for heat tolerance, stature, milk yield, and disease-tolerance traits were identified and genotyped across indigenous African, dairy Zebu, and dairy Taurine breeds to validate those targets best suited for introgression by genome editing. In vitro fertilized embryos from a series of matings were used to produce embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and were subsequently multiplexed edited prior to cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer. A set of best target SVs for genome editing was established for the Holstein and Gir breeds. ESCs were produced and cloned following treatment and validation screening for multiplex alterations of up to four target genes. Currently, 12 animals have been born, and all the mature males have produced viable semen that will be submitted for regulatory review in a series of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Multiplex genome editing based on homology-directed repair combined with cloning of bovine ESCs provides an opportunity to initiate genetic improvement of polygenic traits in cattle. Combining genomics and genome editing provides new opportunities to breed more resilient dairy animals for the tropics that should improve animal and farmer livelihoods.
Beyond genomics in Patescibacteria: A trove of unexplored biology packed into ultrasmall bacteria
Authors: Srinivas Pooja , Peterson S. Brook , Gallagher Larry A. , Wang Yaxi , Mougous Joseph D.
Published: December 2024

Patescibacteria, also known as the Candidate Phyla Radiation, are a diverse clade of largely uncultivated, small bacteria that comprise a significant proportion of all bacterial diversity. The few members that have been cultivated exhibit a fascinating life cycle in which they grow as obligate epibionts on the surface of host bacteria. In this Perspective, we make the case that the study of these unique, divergent, and poorly characterized organisms represents an exciting frontier in microbiology. This burgeoning field has already achieved several critical breakthroughs, including metagenomic sequence-based reconstructions of the metabolic and biosynthetic capabilities of diverse Patescibacteria and the development of generalizable strategies for their cultivation and genetic manipulation. We argue these that advances, among others, should pave the way toward a molecular understanding of the complex interactions that undoubtedly underpin the relationship between Patescibacteria and their hosts.
Adaptive finite element forward of MT field in a 2D structure with near-surface transversal conductivity variation
Authors: Pan Lindong
Published: December 2024

The Qiandao Lake water diversion project can greatly improve the water use problem of Hangzhou citizens. The site selection of the underground passage has been investigated by MT sounding method in this project. In this paper, the type of suspected anomaly filling (air, mineral water, sediment) found under cement bridge is studied by using the adaptive finite element algorithm with continuous change of conductivity. The results show that this method can identify the type of filling material in underground caves well, and can roughly understand the volume proportion of water in caves.
The Design of a Virtual Laboratory for Electrophoretic Separation Analysis
Authors: Situmorang Manihar , Munthe Lanita Bernadetta , Simanjuntak Hendra , Purba Jamalum , Sinaga Marudut , Sitorus Marham , Sudrajat Ajat
Published: December 2024

Analytical separation is expensive because it uses expensive instrumentation, chemicals and skilled laboratory resources. The problem faced was that there was a separation analysis that was not carried out due to limited laboratory resources. The virtual laboratory design is a strategy for teaching the principles of separation analysis. This research aims to design a virtual laboratory to simulate electrophoretic separation analysis. The research was carried out by creating a virtual electrophoresis design which has the same working principle as real laboratory equipment. The research results show that virtual laboratory electrophoresis has been successfully developed and standardized. The Virtual Laboratory consists of learning resources containing the concept of electrophoretic separation, visualization of instrumentation work, the separation process, and virtual display of electrophoretic separation results. Virtual laboratory products are suitable as learning media in providing knowledge of electrophoresis separation before carrying out actual experiments. This virtual design is a model for other virtual chemical separation laboratories, as a learning tool for students, laboratory assistants and practitioners.
Magnetic and Optical Properties of α-Fe2O3/TiO2 Nanocomposite Derived from Logas Natural Sand for Environmental Application
Authors: Amiruddin Erwin , Awaluddin Amir , Rini Ari S , Umar Lazuardi , Rianna Martha , Hadilala Teguh P , Putri Novalin
Published: December 2024

In this study, the iron oxide/titanium dioxide (α-Fe2O3/TiO2) nanocomposites derived from Logas natural sand were prepared by ball milling method. The effects of milling time on the magnetic, optical properties and chemical composition of the nanocomposites were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Uv-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, respectively. The magnetization measurement results of all the samples showed the presence of ferromagnetic behaviour characterized by their low coercivity value ranged from 360.10 Oe to 86.50Oe. The optical properties of the samples strongly depend on milling time and showed that the band gaps of the iron oxide/titanium dioxide (α-Fe2O3/TiO2) nanocomposites decrease with increasing milling time. Some other elements such as silicon, aluminium and others were detected, which shows that the milled sample is not purely α-Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites as confirmed by X-Ray Fluorescence. This study demonstrates the simple way of preparing the α-Fe2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites for environmental application.
Analysis of Thermoelectric Generator Efficiency for n-Bi2Te3 and p-Sb2Te3 from Experimental and Simulation
Authors: Ruamruk Surasak , Singsoog Kunchit , Thaowonkaew Somporn , Namhongsa Wanatchaporn , Khotummee Nattee , Nakhowong Ronariddh , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: December 2024

Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are technologies that convert heat directly into electricity and vice versa. The performance of TEG systems has been predicted and optimized by numerous theoretical models created in recent years. This paper compares TEG efficiency with n-Bi2Te3 and p-Sb2Te3 by simulation and experimental analysis. At the same temperature range of 20 to 70 ºC, the n-Bi2Te3 and p-Sb2Te3 thermoelectric modules have comparable electrical voltage, total current density, output power, and efficiency. The outcome demonstrated that the TE generator’s maximum output power is 0.6 and 0.38 W and that the TEG system’s instantaneous efficiency can achieve roughly 2.5 and 2% for both simulation and experimentation at 70 ºC. The present comparative analysis of efficiency enhances our comprehension of thermoelectric materials and their possible uses in sustainable energy solutions. The results of the study can direct future advancements in the design of thermoelectric generators and open the door to higher energy conversion efficiency.
Testing The Difference Value of Compressive Strenght for Distrub and Undistrub Soil in Sibolga Hill Landslide
Authors: Suhairiani S , Panjaitan N H , Sinaga E K
Published: December 2024

One of the parts in soil parameters that can determine the shear strength of soil is the soil compressive strength value which is obtained from the Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) test. The value of the shear strength of soil is half value of soil compressive strength. This research uses experiment method that is done in the laboratory, using distrub and undistrub soil sample models which originate from landslide in the area of Aek Parombunan, Pancuran gerobak and Angin Nauli Village of Sibolga. The results that want to be obtained in this research are seeing the differences great value of “qu” (soil compressive strength value) which represents the soil samples that are tested, so that great and little value of “qu” can determine the consistency properties of soil, and it can be used for data to evaluate the ability of soil to support the load above it, and it can be used for initial data as an early warning of potential landslide.
Paper-Driven Thermoelectric: Unveiling the Role of White Paper in Flexible Power Harvesting Device
Authors: Namhongsa Wanatchaporn , Ruamruk Surasak , Thaowonkaew Somporn , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: December 2024

Exploring paper-based flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs) is gaining traction as an innovative approach to sustainable energy harvesting. This study evaluates the microstructure and electrical properties of Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 TEGs fabricated using white paper substrates. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the overall thermoelectric efficiency of the TEGs. We ensured consistency across samples by employing a uniform painting process to integrate thermoelectric material dispersion onto the white paper substrates. The experimental results demonstrate a clear correlation between white paper and the electrical performance of the TEGs, offering optimized performance due to improved electrical stability. Our findings suggest that selecting the appropriate white paper substrate is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of paper-based TEGs. This research contributes to developing high-performance, flexible thermoelectric devices and underscores the potential of tailored paper substrates in advancing sustainable energy technologies.
Application and Evaluation of Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis in Meteorological Data
Authors: Amry Z , Mulyono  , Amalia S N
Published: December 2024

Multivariate Singular Spectrum Analysis (MSSA) is a forecasting method suitable for data that has intricate patterns such as seasonal variations and nonlinear trends. This article aims to shed light and detail insights about how MSSA can be employed in one such use-case of temperature-wind data processing & evaluation. Using MSSA, the data can be decomposed into constituents that lead to an in-depth analysis of understanding the essence and quality assurance of dataset. The research has shown the proven utility of MSSA for temperature and wind prediction. The results provide a method for the analysis and interpretation of complex meteorological data to support decision making in other fields related with meteorology or climate change research.
Study and application of bridge circuit based on ratio method
Authors: Zhang Yuehuan , Deng Lifen , Xu Hailong , Wang Zhonghua
Published: December 2024

A new high-precision bridge circuit based on the ratio method is proposed to solve the requirements of high-precision resistance measurement for resistive sensors. The bridge circuit based on the ratio method of the ADC’s digital output is the ratio of the ADC’s analog input voltage and reference voltage, using unbalanced bridge output which is amplified as the analog input of ADC, also using differential voltage of another bridge arm of the same side as the reference voltage of ADC, after analog-digital conversion the ADC’s digital output as the system output. Achieving the resistance signal and the output of the bridge circuit has a strictly linear relationship, overcoming the supply voltage fluctuations has a great impact on the resistance measurement results, and eliminating the system’s zero drift and temperature drift is reached, so the bridge circuit has a better high-precision performance of resistance measurement.
Second and Third Harmonic Generations in CdSe Nanoplatelets
Authors: Manvelyan M K , Mkrtchyan M A , Sarkisyan H A
Published: December 2024

The nonlinear optical properties (second and third harmonic generations) in CdSe nanoplatelets were theoretically studied. The energy spectra and wave functions of the hole in the considered system were calculated with the finite element numerical method. Quantum transitions are considered in the hole subband. The second and third harmonic generation coefficients were determined. The influence of the number of nanoplatelet monolayers on the character of the second and third harmonic generation coefficients has been studied.
Compact cosmic ray muon scattering imaging system based on plastic scintillating fibers
Authors: Zhai Jiajia , Feng Meichan , Pan Bin , Fan Xingming , Huang Xianchao , Li Daowu , Yang Yao , Zhu Meiling , Zhang Zhiming , Wei Long
Published: December 2024

Muon scattering imaging is a non-destructive method that
utilizes cosmic ray muons to image materials with different atomic
numbers. In recent decades, multiple international research
institutions have developed various detection systems and
reconstruction algorithms for applications in nuclear reactor core
monitoring, nuclear material imaging, border security screening, and
nuclear non-proliferation. However, the methods for assessing the
material discrimination capability of the corresponding system are
not very intuitive. In this study, the design and construction of a
cosmic ray muon imaging system based on plastic scintillating fibers
are described. The system's material discrimination capability
assessment method was designed based on theoretical calculations and
physical analysis. Based on the detector position and angular
resolution, joint simulation and experimental data analysis were
conducted to evaluate the material discrimination and imaging
capabilities of the cosmic ray muon system.
Corrigendum: Application of multinomial logistic regression toward adaptive reuse of pre-war shophouses (IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol 1347 (2024) 012032)
Authors: Ebas N A , Abdullah M S Mohd , Shafi M A , Rusiman M S
Published: December 2024

Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
The role of phosphate solubilizing fungi from the shallot rhizosphere on increasing the growth and yield of shallot on Andisol
Authors: Marpaung Agustina E. , Sabrina T. , Rauf Abdul , Susilowati Dwi N.
Published: December 2024

Plants need the nutrient P to increase growth and yield. P availability is low in Andisol soil and has high retention by 97.8%. Giving the phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) is an alternative to increase available P which plants can use to increase growth and yield. This research aims to determine the benefits of providing phosphate-solubilising fungi on the growth and yield of shallots in Andisol. The study used a block randomized design with three replications. The first factor is Andisol soil origin (Karo regency and Tapanuli Utara regency) and the second is isolate of phosphate solubilizing fungi (Aspergillus niger P13, Aspergillus niger P21, Aspergillus pseudodeflectus BJ21, and Aspergillus niger BJ23). The research results showed that the soil from Karo can increase plant dry weight and root dry weight respectively by 36.38% and 37.66% compared to Tapanuli Utara. The application of Aspergillus pseudodeflectus BJ21 and Aspergillus niger BJ23 fungi was able to increase plant dry weight by 35.10% and 34.25% and root dry weight by 29.38% and 23.46% compared to without PSF application. The soil origin of Karo Regency increased yield by 36.40% from Tapanuli Utara Regency. Giving fungi Aspergillus pseudodeflectus BJ21 and Aspergillus niger BJ23 fungi was able to increase plant dry weight by 35.10% and 34.25% and root dry weight Aspergillus niger P13 was able to increase yield of 65.63% and 63.12% compared to without giving PSF.
Bananas Intercropping Effects on Cocoa Yield and Land Productivity
Authors: Evizal R , Prasmatiwi F E
Published: December 2024

Bananas are commonly used as intercrops to generate income and provide shade for cocoa plantation. In this study conducted from October 2023 to February 2024 in the Tanggamus District of Lampung Province, Indonesia, researchers analysed the impact of bananas intercropping on cocoa yield and land productivity (combined yield of cocoa and bananas). The study focused on three purposively selected sub-districts: Air Naningan, Pugung, and Pulau Panggung—key cocoa production areas. From each sub-district, a village (Sumberejo, Tangkit Serdang, and Way Ilahan) was chosen, and a farmer group was sampled, resulting in 58 respondent farmers. In-depth interviews were performed for data collecting using questioner. Data were analysed using multiple regression. The results showed that the number of cocoa tree and the age of cocoa tree had positively effect on cocoa yield and land productivity. The number of bananas plant had no significant effect both on cocoa yield and land productivity. However, the number of bananas plant has positively significant effect on land productivity if cocoa price decreased by 50%.
Efficacy of Animal Urine-Based Organic Fertilizer Enriched with Nano Palm Oil Empty Bunch Ash on Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Growth and Yield
Authors: Samidjo Gatot Supangkat , Mulyono  , Isnawan Bambang Heri , Dewi Niken Ayu Sasmitha
Published: December 2024

This research aims to study the effect of liquid organic fertilizer in the urine of goats, rabbits, and cows added with Empty Palm Oil Bunches (EPOB)’s nano ash in increasing red spinach’s growth and yield (Amaranthus tricolor L.). The treatments tested consisted of seven treatments, namely control (recommended urea dose), cow urine liquid organic fertilizer, cow urine liquid organic fertilizer-empty palm oil bunches nano, goat urine liquid organic fertilizer, goat urine liquid organic fertilizer-empty palm oil bunches nano, rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer, Rabbit urine liquid organic fertilizer-empty palm oil bunches nano. All treatments were repeated three times. Parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, crown fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, yield, and anthocyanin levels. The results showed that the application of cow urine liquid organic fertilizer affected the growth and yield of red spinach, with an average yield of 20.4 tons/ha.
Physical Properties of Extrudate with Treatments of Corn Grit-Sago Flour Composition and Moisture Contents Using Twin-Screw Extruder
Authors: Inayah I A R , Karyadi J N W , Susanti D Y , Yunistiana A D , Mufadhol R S , Samodra A S
Published: December 2024

The abundant production of sago in Indonesia is not followed by a consumption rate. Currently, the utilization of sago flour is only limited to raw materials for making traditional food. One of the innovations in sago flour processing as a raw material for the manufacture of extruded snacks is to be mixed with corn grit. The quality of extrudate snack is influenced by extrusion process variables such as composition and moisture content. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects composition and moisture content of mixed corn grit and sago flour on the physical characteristics of extrudates and determine the treatment variation that produces the extrudate with the best preference. Extruded snacks made from corn grit and sago flour were processed using SYSLG-IV twin-screw extruder with capacity of 15 kg/h. This experiment conducted with two treatments, sago flour composition (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) and moisture content (14%, 16%, 18%). The result revealed that sago flour composition had significant effect on expansion ratio (2.31-3.68), particle density (0.14-0.41 g/cm3), bulk density (0.094-0.214 g/cm3), extrudate moisture content (1.02-3.67 %wb), water absorption index (6.70-7.70), water solubility index (1.48-6.62%.). The moisture content of the mixture had significant effect on all measured physical characteristics including hardness (2.15-9.72 N/mm2). Based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution analysis, the treatment that produced extrudates with the best preference was 30% sago flour composition and 14% moisture content. The results are useful for optimizing the extrusion process so that food sustainability can be achieved by increasing food diversification.
The intervention of 1-MCP and ethylene on the ripening of sapodilla fruit (Manilkara zapota L.)
Authors: Prabasari Indira , Akmala Syifa , Setiawan Chandra K. , Djaafar Titiek F.
Published: December 2024

The sapodilla fruit has a short shelf life, lasting approximately 6-9 days at room temperature before it begins to decay. The objective of the study was to examine the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) in extending the shelf life of sapodilla fruit, and to see if the impact may be reversed by introducing ethylene as a ripening stimulus. The study was conducted using a completelyrandomized design (CRD), with three different treatments: (1) control, (2) 1-MCP at a concentration of100 ppb at a temperature of 13°C, and (3) 1-MCP at a concentration of 100 ppb at a temperature of 13°C followed by the addition of ethylene. An investigation was undertaken to identify the fruit ripening process, which included measuring weight loss, colour, firmness, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, and vitamin C content. The results indicated that the application of 1-MCP significantlyextended the shelf life of sapodilla. Although ethylene was added after 1-MCP application, however it was found out that the effect of 1-MCP was irreversible.
Phenomenal Properties and the Intuition of Distinctness
Authors: Melnyk Andrew
Published: December 2024

We experience the intuition of distinctness when, for example, we attend introspectively to the phenomenal redness of a current visual sensation and it seems to us that that very property could not literally be a physical property of neural activity in a certain tiny region of our brain. The book begins by arguing that the intuition of distinctness underlies certain otherwise puzzling attitudes manifested in debates both inside and outside philosophy about whether physicalism (or materialism) can accommodate phenomenal properties (or qualia). It then argues systematically against the dualist suggestion that the intuition of distinctness gives us reason to reject the physicalist view that phenomenal properties are physical, and to adopt property dualism instead. In the course of the argument, it defends an unorthodox version of representationalism and offers positive accounts of what makes our introspective knowledge of phenomenal properties special, how introspection could tell us that an introspected property is physical, and what the subjectivity of phenomenal properties could be. Finally, after critically surveying previous attempts to account for the intuition of distinctness consistently with physicalism, it elaborates a novel explanation of the intuition of distinctness. The intuition arises because introspection is, in a certain way, conceptually encapsulated, as a result of which we are unable to do something that we can do in the case of every other kind of identity claim that we believe or entertain, and therefore unable to believe, or even to imagine believing, that an introspected phenomenal property is physical.
Marcel Proust
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This book is a brief guide to the thought and work of Marcel Proust, arguably France’s most famous literary writer. It explores a series of questions raised in Proust’s monumental novel, In Search of Lost Time: how we can feel at home in the world; how we can make genuine contact with other human minds; how we can find enchantment in a world without God; how art can transform our lives; whether an artist’s life can shed light on their work; what we can know about the world, other people, and ourselves; when not knowing is better than knowing; how sexual orientation affects questions of connection and identity; who we are, deep down; what memory tells us about our inner world; why it might be good to think of our life as a story; and how we can feel like a single, unified person when we are torn apart by change and competing desires. And it asks why Proust wrote about all this in the form of an intricate 3,000-page novel, rather than producing a philosophical treatise. Proust’s novel isn’t just rich in theoretical interest, thanks to its reflections on memory, society, art, same-sex desire, knowledge, self-understanding, self-fashioning, and the unconscious mind. Rather, it offers an experience—a long, demanding, but joyous experience—which can itself be transformative for minds and souls.
Art and life
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

Here we learn why Proust would not have wanted this book to include a biography. In sharp disagreement with Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, one of the most prominent literary critics of the 19th century, Proust claimed that an artist’s life and work have nothing to do with each other: “a book is the product of a different self from the self we manifest in our habits, in our social life, in our vices.” Assessing artworks based on their authors’ lives is, for Proust, a cruel and misleading reduction; getting excited about objects and places just because they connect in some way to a writer is “idolatry.” Chapter 1 explains how this idea applies not only to Proust’s characters (Bergotte the novelist, Elstir the painter, Vinteuil the composer) but also to Proust’s own novel, which is not, as many have thought, a thinly veiled autobiography. And it offers cheerful advice about which Proust-related tourist sites to visit.
Plot and character
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This chapter summarizes the plot of Proust’s 3,000-page novel, presenting it as a story in which the main character seeks identity, connection, belonging, vocation, and above all enchantment. It details his efforts to find these things in high society, travel, friendship, love, and nature, before finally discovering them in memory and art. Thanks to art, this chapter claims, the narrator ends up receiving a secular version of just about everything promised by Christianity, from mystery, wonder, and depth to epiphany, miracle, communion, and even a new form of the infinite.
Memories and impressions
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the phenomenon of “involuntary memory,” famously central to Proust’s novel. It also distinguishes between instances of involuntary memory and what Proust calls “impressions,” the latter being sensory experiences that show us who we are, rather than who we have been. Involuntary memory restores forgotten memories, allowing us to experience them in full force; it restores a past version of ourselves; and it reveals the existence of a self outside of time. Impressions, meanwhile, help us understand what that “true self” actually looks like: it is an idiosyncratic conceptual scheme or perspective, one that shows up in the metaphors we use, the people we choose to spend time with, and the way we experience the world.
Art and artists
Authors: Landy Joshua
Published: December 2024

This chapter looks at the depiction of art in Proust’s novel. Drawing on the narrator’s statements about fictional novelist Bergotte, fictional painter Elstir, and fictional composer Vinteuil, as well as on the nature of Proust’s novel itself, it suggests that art stands to offer many important benefits. Art can reveal things not just about the way the world is but also about the way the world feels to us, and even about the way it appears, uniquely, to the artist. (This last benefit is a kind of miracle, on the narrator’s account—one that does nothing less than re-enchant the world.) In addition, art can help us to understand ourselves as individuals. It can take everyday, mediocre objects and transfigure them into things of glorious beauty. And it can provide us with a set of formal models, allowing us to import a special kind of order into the story of our lives.
Assessing the Risk of Gastrointestinal Perforation Associated with COVID-19: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study
Authors: Okura Takayuki , Tanaka-Mizuno Sachiko , Fukasawa Toshiki , Yoshida Satomi , Kawakami Koji
Published: December 2024

Although some case reports have reported gastrointestinal perforation after COVID-19, epidemiological studies investigating this association are scarce. We aimed to assess the risk of gastrointestinal perforation associated with COVID-19. We conducted a self-controlled case series (SCCS) study using a Japanese nationwide, large-scale claims database. We identified patients diagnosed with COVID-19 between March 2020 and October 2022 who had undergone surgery for gastrointestinal perforation. Conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gastrointestinal perforation during the 4-week risk period compared with the control period. Our SCCS study included 276 patients. The IRR for gastrointestinal perforation was 6.62 (95% CI 3.52 to 12.47) for the first week, 3.27 (95% CI 1.51 to 7.09) for the second week, and 1.45 (95% CI 0.63 to 3.33) for the third and fourth weeks following COVID-19. The risk was lower in female patients than in male patients. In a subgroup analysis, the results were consistent regardless of age. This study suggests a significant association between COVID-19 and gastrointestinal perforation, particularly during the first 2 weeks. These findings highlight the need to recognize COVID-19 as a risk factor for gastrointestinal perforation.
Understanding inequitable healthcare: Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Matson Theresa E , Galea Sandro
Published: December 2024

This paper considers methodological approaches that can help better understand inequity in healthcare, focusing on five key domains: availability, patient-centeredness, access, effectiveness, and implementation. We present conceptual definitions of each of these domains, example research questions pertaining to inequity in each domain, and methodological approaches that can contribute to research about health inequities. We discuss the role of multilevel, participatory, and longitudinal research, particularly using representative, real-world data. We propose alternatives to randomized controlled trials that better suit questions regarding inequities in healthcare. We discuss challenges and considerations for research on inequities in healthcare alongside opportunities for innovation and prioritization of methodologies that are underutilized in epidemiology and health services research. We emphasize throughout that each of these five domains are interconnected and essential to be understood jointly if we are to improve our understanding of the role of healthcare in perpetuating health inequities.
A Survey of US Collegiate Student-Athletes and Athletic Trainers on Sports-Related Concussion Knowledge and Reporting Habits
Authors: Vo Sydnie , Lin Yone-Kawe , Siriwardhana Chathura , Nichols Andrew W.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

To assess sports-related concussion (SRC) knowledge levels in US collegiate student-athletes (S-As) and athletic trainers (ATs) and identify factors that influence reporting of SRC by S-As.

Design:

Cross-sectional, retrospective study.

Setting:

University training room/clinic visits.

Participants:

National Collegiate Athletics Association Division 1 S-As and ATs.

Interventions:

A survey consisting of demographics, SRC knowledge, prior SRC history, and reporting habits.

Main outcome measures:

Sports-related concussion knowledge scores, SRC reporting habits.

Results:

Response rates were 67% (350/520) for S-As and 100% (11/11) for ATs. S-As represented 21 sports (mean age 20.3 years, range 18–24, 54% male). Sports-related concussion knowledge scores were lower in male S-As (median 73%; interquartile range [IQR] 55%-85%) than in female S-As (79%; 55%–88%) (P < 0.05). Sports-related concussion knowledge scores differed between collision/contact (C/C) sport (79%; 67%–86%) and noncontact (NC) sport (73%; 55%–83%) S-As (P < 0.05). Twenty-nine percent (n = 102) of the S-As experienced a prior SRC, of which 67% (n = 68) reported their injury to a medical/authority figure. Male and C/C S-As were significantly less likely to report SRC than female, limited-contact, or NC sport S-As. Sports-related concussion knowledge scores were higher in ATs (97%; 89%–99%) than in S-As (76%; 55%–85%) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

S-As have variable levels of SRC knowledge, with female and C/C sport S-As scoring the highest. Most S-As with prior SRC reported these to a medical/authority figure, but male and C/C sport S-As were less likely to do so. As expected, ATs have higher SRC knowledge than S-As.
Role of continuous renal replacement therapy in management of the preliver transplant patient
Authors: Yenebere Priya , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Jan Muhammad Yahya
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review

Highlight the importance of acute kidney injury (AKI) among liver transplant candidates, its importance of survival and the vital role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) as a supportive therapy.

Recent findings

Kidney dysfunction is common in the preliver transplant patient. Early recognition, broad diagnostic work up, and therapeutic interventions are vital in minimizing morbidity and mortality in this critically ill group of patients. Liver dysfunction can impact kidney function in multiple ways, leading to worsening of clinical illness. High mortality and poor prognosis in those with AKI without CRRT and Liver Transplant are highlighted.

Etiology of AKI may not be as important as is the potential for liver transplant (LT) listing in offering CRRT. Non eligibility for a LT does not by default imply non eligibility for CRRT. Multidisciplinary approach should be adopted among those with a need for CRRT in the setting of end-stage liver disease. Goals of care conversations are key, in evaluating the role of CRRT in this group of individuals as they have a very high risk of mortality.
Diagnostic Performance of Imaging Methods in Predicting Lung Cancer Metastases
Authors: Aşık Murat , Kazci Zeynep Nihal
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the possibility of distant organ metastasis using an algorithm developed to evaluate the morphology and localization of lung masses.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2016 and 2023 were included. The lesion's morphological characteristics, proximity to important structures, and maximum standardized uptake value were recorded. Six common metastatic sites were identified: the contralateral lung, liver, brain, adrenal glands, bone, and other regions. The relationship between the characteristics of the mass and the metastatic location was investigated.

Results

A total of 383 patients (260 men, 68%) with malignant lung lesions with a mean ± SD age of 65.50 ± 12.34 years (range: 36–74 years) were included in the study. Among them, 242 were diagnosed with primary lung cancer, and 106 (43.8%) exhibited metastases to other organs with primary lung tumors. Distant organ metastases were most frequently detected in the bones (n = 45, 42.5%) and were more frequent in male patients and lesions adjacent to the ribs and bronchi, those involving mediastinal lymph nodes, irregular contours, and maximum standardized uptake values above 11.15 ± 5.67 (mean ± SD).

Conclusions

Evaluating radiological imaging of malignant lesions in patients with lung cancer using an algorithm that considers morphological and neighborhood characteristics can provide predictive information regarding the possibility of metastasis of malignant lung lesions and the metastatic location.
Corneal Graft Rejection: Is it Reflected in Peripheral Immune Cells? Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study (VISICORT)
Authors: Vabres Bertrand , Pleyer Uwe , Hjortdal Jesper , Murphy Conor C. , Armitage W. John , Imrie Lisa , Cadoux Marion , Danger Richard , Bylesjo Max , Mac Gabhann Peadar , Tole Derek , Walkinshaw Malcolm D. , Griffin Matthew D. , Brouard Sophie , Degauque Nicolas
Published: December 2024

Background.

Allogeneic graft rejection is the leading cause of graft failure in corneal transplantation (CT) despite the immune privilege of the anterior chamber and corneal bed. The ability to identify patients at higher risk of acute rejection before or after CT could have a major impact on the clinical management of these patients.

Methods.

To address this important issue, a multicenter European cohort of low-risk (n = 142) and high-risk (n = 102) CT recipients was established, and the immune system was evaluated in detail in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma before and 6 and 12 mo posttransplantation. Eleven patients in the low-risk group and 11 in the high-risk group experienced acute rejection.

Results.

Mass spectrometry analysis of plasma showed a high similarity in composition between patients with and without acute rejection, regardless of their preexisting clinical risk. Pretransplant and longitudinal immune cell analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using deconvolution of transcriptomic profiling and high-dimensional flow cytometry revealed a lack of immune-related biomarkers associated with acute rejection.

Conclusions.

Our results indicate that the immune response leading to acute rejection of CT is unlikely to be detected in the peripheral blood and suggest that analysis of compartments in close proximity to the cornea is more likely to yield clinically applicable predictive biomarkers.
Nonequilibrium heat dissipation as a probe for detecting wavefront distortion in microscopy
Authors: Ando Taro , Otsu-Hyodo Tomoko
Published: December 2024

Although an optical vortex (OV) is a promising means for driving cyclic Brownian dynamics of a small particle, the OV-driven dynamics cannot avoid producing additional nonequilibrium heat dissipation of a few tens of kBT per cycle due to distortion of a light wavefront. We propose an adaptive wavefront-optimization concept, where minor wavefront distortion in microscopy can be probed by the additional heat dissipation itself. As a result, the additional heat dissipation was suppressed to <0.6kBT, which makes OVs applicable to examining small nonequilibrium changes in thermodynamic systems. The present approach is expected to become an experimental standard in the nonequilibrium physics field.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024