bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF BANNED FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS IN INDIA
Authors: PATEL SHRUTI , SHAH SAMIDH , DESAI CHETNA
Published: February 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and respiratory fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) recently banned in India.

Methods: This observational study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The data were collected from the report on the banned FDCs submitted by the drug technical advisory board subcommittee. Total 195 FDCs belonging to NSAIDs (33) and respiratory group (162) were assessed for class, number of active pharmacological ingredients, formulations, indications, and reasons for banning.

Results: The mean number of drugs in FDCs of NSAIDs was 2.6, while in respiratory FDCs, it was 3.6. The most common NSAID formulation was uncoated tablet (15, 30%) while it was syrup in respiratory (49, 30%). The most common reasons for banning these FDCs were safety concerns (153, 78.4%), followed by mismatched pharmacodynamics in respiratory FDCs and mismatched pharmacokinetics in NSAIDs FDCs. The NSAIDs FDCs were marketed for pain (70%) while respiratory FDCs were marketed for cough and cold (62%). Most common NSAIDs FDCs contained NSAID with NSAID (18%), while in respiratory FDCs combinations of a cough suppressant, expectorant, and soothing agents (10%) were present.

Conclusion: Evaluation of FDCs is essential to prevent the marketing of irrational FDCs.
Additional Resistance to any Fluoroquinolones among Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Suresh Kancharla , Vimala Yapadinna , Mohan Nitin , Padmaja Indugula Jyothi
Published: February 2021

Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are integral part of multidrug resistant/rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB/RR TB) treatment regimens. FQ resistance in MDR-TB lead to narrower treatment options and poor treatment outcomes. Hence proportion of FQ resistance among MDR-TB and cross-resistance among FQ in MDR-TB isolates was studied. This is the first study from North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 21,474 sputum samples from January-December 2018 & 833 culture isolates (rifampicin resistant detected by GeneXpert MTB / RIF assay & MDR-TB detected by direct and indirect GenoType MTBDRplus Assay) were analysed for FQ resistance by Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) for ofloxacin (Ofx) 2.0 µg/mL, levofloxacin (Lfx) 1.5 µg/mL & moxifloxacin (Mfx) 2.0 μg/mL. Among 833 culture isolates, 119 (14.2%) showed resistance to FQ which included 90 (10.8%) Ofx and Lfx resistance isolates but still sensitive to Mfx, 16 (1.92%) with resistance to all FQ tested, 12 Ofx monoresistance & 1 Lfx monoresistance. Mfx monoresistance was absent. Mfx sensitive isolates are 714 (85.7%) and were always sensitive to Ofx and Lfx. Cross-resistance was not complete. MDR-TB/RR TB is 4.1% among all TB patients. Additional resistance to FQ, among MDR-TB patients was seen in 14.2% patients.
“Al-Athar” — a Monument of Muhammad al-Yaragi’s Written Heritage
Authors: Abdulmazhidov R. S. , Abdulaev A. G.
Published: February 2021

This paper is devoted to the source research analysis of the collection works and letters of a famous Dagestani Sheikh Muhammad al-Yaragi, which are written in Arabic and known as ‘Al-Athar’. Despite a keen interest in the personality of the sheikh, practically nothing was known about the content of this book, the only one extant from his written heritage. Meanwhile, the research of these collected works allows us to provide unique insight into the views and beliefs of this famous sheikh. In this regard, the authors examined in detail the structure of ‘Al-Athar’, having determined the genre variety of the manuscript materials included in it. The collection consists of two qasids, texts of several duas and instructions, a biography of the sheikh written by his son, as well as his extensive correspondence with various Dagestani theologians and communities. The collection ends with a small work in poetic form by Jamaluddin al-Gazigumuki, in which he quotes his silsila, i. e. a consistent chain of succession of the sheikhs of the Naqshbandi tariqa. The materials under research provide interesting information about the political and spiritual life of Dagestan society in the ﬁrst half of the 19th century. At the same time, they provide an insight into the resumption of the interrupted Suﬁ tradition in the region.
Lung cancer-associated cognitive impairment in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease pathology: A case report
Authors: Takigawa Kiyoto , Takaya Masahiko , Saigoh Kazumasa , Shirakawa Osamu
Published: February 2021

Pathologic amyloid β and tau protein accumulation in the cerebral cortex
does not necessarily lead to a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Our
current report presents a patient with Alzheimer’s disease pathology who
presented general cognitive impairment we considered derived from the
lung cancer itself, without metastasis.
ATFL1 (Anti-TFL1), a novel orthologue induces flowering in the masting alpine snow tussock, Chionochloa pallens (Poaceae)
Authors: * Samarth , Lee Robyn , Kelly Dave , Turnbull Matthew , Macknight Richard , Poole Anthony , Jameson Paula
Published: February 2021

Masting, the synchronous highly variable flowering across years by a
population of perennial plants, has been shown to be precipitated by
many factors including nitrogen levels, drought conditions, spring and
summer temperatures. However, the molecular mechanism leading to the
initiation of flowering in masting plants in particular years remains
largely unknown, despite the potential impact of climate change on
masting phenology. We studied genes controlling flowering in Chionochloa
pallens, a strongly masting perennial grass. We used a range of in situ
and manipulated plants to obtain leaf samples from tillers (shoots)
which subsequently remained vegetative or flowered. Here, we show that a
novel orthologue of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1; normally a repressor of
flowering in other species) promotes the induction of flowering in C.
pallens (hence Anti-TFL1), a conclusion supported by structural,
functional and expression analyses. Global transcriptomic analysis
indicated differential expression of CpTPS1, CpGA20ox1, CpREF6 and
CpHDA6, emphasising the role of endogenous cues and epigenetic
regulation in terms of responsiveness of plants to initiate flowering.
Our molecular-based study has provided insights into the cellular
mechanism of flowering in masting plants and will supplement ecological
and statistical models to predict how masting will respond to global
climate change.
Fully coupled high-resolution medium-range forecasts: evaluation of the hydrometeorological impact in an ensemble framework
Authors: Furnari Luca , Magnusson Linus , Mendicino Giuseppe , Senatore Alfonso
Published: February 2021

Fully coupled atmospheric-hydrological models allow a more realistic
representation of the land surface–boundary layer continuum,
representing both high-resolution land-surface/subsurface water lateral
redistribution and the related feedback towards the atmosphere. This
study evaluates the potential contribution of the fully coupled approach
in extended-range mesoscale hydrometeorological ensemble forecasts.
Previous studies have shown, for deterministic simulations, that the
effect of fully coupling for short-range forecasts is minor compared to
other sources of uncertainty, however, it becomes not negligible when
increasing the forecast period. Through a proof-of-concept consisting of
an ensemble (50 members from the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System)
seven-days-in-advance forecast of a high impact event affecting the
Calabrian peninsula (southern Italy, Mediterranean basin) on November
2019, the paper elucidates the extent to which the improved
representation of the terrestrial water lateral transport in the Weather
Research and Forecasting (WRF) – Hydro modeling system affects the
ensemble water balance, focusing on the precipitation and the
hydrological response, in terms of both soil moisture dynamics and
streamflow in 14 catchments spanning over 42% of the region. The fully
coupled approach caused an increase of surface soil moisture and latent
heat flux from land in the days preceding the event, partially affecting
the lower Planetary Boundary Layer. However, when shoreward moisture
transport from surrounding sea rapidly increased becoming the dominant
process, only a weak signature of soil moisture contribution could be
detected, resulting in only slightly higher precipitation forecast and
not clear variation trend of peak flow, even though the latter variable
increased up to 10% in some catchments. Overall, this study highlighted
a remarkable performance of the medium-range ensemble forecasts,
suggesting a profitable use of the fully coupled approach for
forecasting purposes in circumstances in which soil moisture dynamics is
more relevant and needs to be better addressed.
The Impact of Sublingual Immunotherapy on Quality of Life in Allergy Rhinitis Patients
Authors: Rosla Luqman , Hussain Salina , Zahedi Farah Dayana , Anuar Mohd Syazwan Mohamad
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Immunotherapy has proven its efficacy in multiple
randomized control trials (RCT) in treating allergic rhinitis (AR) as it
induces induces long term remission after discontinuation and prevent
new sensitization. Objective: Our aim is to look into earliest
improvement of quality of life (QOL) in AR patient treated with
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Methodology: Patients who were
sensitized to dust mites (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides
pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis) were enrolled into the study. All
patients were treated with SLIT for 6 months. The patients were assessed
using rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaires (RQLQ) and peak
nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) pre-treatment at 1, 3 and 6 months post
SLIT. The usage of intranasal corticosteroids (INS) and antihistamine
were documented in medication diary. The data for pre and post treatment
for RQLQ results were analysed using paired T-test and medication diary
were analysed using ANOVA test. Results: A total of 53 patients were
enrolled in the study. The mean RQLQ score showed significant result at
3 and 6 months post SLIT (p<0.05). Significant improvement
seen in the mean PNIF value pre-treatment (81.54 L/min ±29.36 ) compared
to mean PNIF value at 3 months (92.0L/min ±29.03 ) and 6 months
(96.13L/min ±26.67) post SLIT (p<0.05). The dependency of
patients towards pharmacotherapy also showed a significant reduction at
3 and 6 months post SLIT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study
showed a significant improvement of patients’ quality of life as early
as 3 months of post SLIT treatment.
Friends because of foes: the interplay between space use and sociality in mediating predation risk
Authors: Prokopenko Christina , Ellington Edward , Robitaille Alec , Aubin Jaclyn , Balluffi-Fry Juliana , Laforge Michel , Webber Quinn , Zabihi-Seissan Sana , Wal Eric Vander
Published: February 2021

From the perspective of prey, movement synchrony can represent either a
potent anti-predator strategy or a dangerous liability. Prey must
balance the costs and benefits of using conspecifics to mediate risk and
the emergent patterns of risk-driven sociality depends on the spatial
variation and trait composition of the system. Our literature review
outlined the prevailing, but not universal, trend of animals using
sociality as an antipredator strategy. Empirically, we then used
movement synchrony as a measure of social antipredator response of two
ungulates to spatial variation in predator and prey habitat domains. We
demonstrated that these responses vary based on prey vulnerability and
predator hunting modes. Prey favored asynchrony when calves were present
and within habitat domains of ambush predators but not pursuit
predators. By unifying community ecology concepts such as habitat
domains with movement ecology we provided a comprehensive evaluation of
factors mediating prey social response to predation risk.
Adoptability and Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Screening for Valvular Heart Disease in the Primary Care setting
Authors: Chugh Yashasvi , Lohese Opema , Sorajja Paul , Garberich Ross , Stanberry Lariss , Cavalcante Joao , Gossl Mario
Published: February 2021

Background: Despite continued efforts, the majority of patients with
valvular heart disease (VHD) remain undiagnosed and untreated. This
study aimed to assess the adoptability and accuracy of point-of-care
handheld echocardiographic assessments (POCE) in the primary care
setting. Methods: Eleven previously untrained primary care providers
were trained to use the Vscan Extend (GE, WI) POCE to assess VHD, left
ventricular function (LVEF), and major extra-cardiac findings. Their
assessments were compared to those of 3 blinded expert readers. A total
of 180 assessments were evaluated using Kappa statistics (κ) together
with their estimated standard error, p-value, and 95% CI bounds.
Results: Identical or nearly identical agreement between previously
untrained primary providers and expert readers was evident for the
diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation, pericardial
effusion, volume status. These agreements were strongest in apical long
axis (κ =1, p<0.001) and parasternal long and short axis views
(k>=0.82 p<0.001), though agreement remained
robust in apical 4-chamber views (k>=0.76). The agreements
in LVEF assessment were identical in the apical long axis view (κ =1,
p<0.001) and robust in the remaining 3 views
(κ>=0.66, p<0.001). The assessments of aortic
stenosis (parasternal/long, κ =0.42, and parasternal/short, κ =0.47,
both p<0.001) were weak in their agreement. Conclusion:
Compared to expert echocardiography readers, the untrained providers’
use of POCE for VHD shows high user adoptability and diagnostic
accuracies in the primary care setting.
Clinicopathological study of surgery for pulmonary metastases of hepatoblastoma with indocyanine green fluorescent imaging
Authors: Yoshida Misa , Tanaka Mio , Kitagawa Norihiko , Shinkai Masato , Goto Hiroaki , Tanaka Yukichi
Published: February 2021

Background: The prognosis of metastatic hepatoblastoma remains poor; to
improve it, pulmonary metastasis must be controlled. Indocyanine green
(ICG) fluorescent imaging has been used recently for lung
metastasectomy. The objective of our study was to clarify the usefulness
of ICG imaging for lung metastasectomy of hepatoblastoma using detailed
clinicopathological analysis. Procedure: Patients with hepatoblastoma
who underwent resection of pulmonary metastases with ICG fluorescent
imaging were studied using retrospective analysis of clinical
information, a review of their surgical records, and a histological
analysis of their metastatic nodules. Results: Sixteen patients were
enrolled. In total, 61 ICG-imaging-guided pulmonary metastasectomies
were performed, and 350 ICG-positive and 23 ICG-negative specimens were
identified. Tumors were confirmed in 250 of the ICG-positive specimens,
including eight nonpalpable nodules, on microscopic examination. One
hundred ICG-positive specimens and histologically tumor-negative
specimens showed histological changes suggesting the regression of a
tumor or bloodstream disturbance. The palpable ICG-negative tumors
showed more-severe atypia than the ICG-positive tumors. Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the high sensitivity of ICG imaging in detecting
metastatic lesions of hepatoblastoma. Histological examinations
suggested that ICG imaging detects not only tumor cells, but also
nontumorous pulmonary tissues affected by bloodstream disturbance.
Because a number of false-positive specimens were detected, further
optimization of the dose of ICG and the timing of its administration may
be required for thorough metastasectomy. Several false-negative
specimens were also detected, suggesting the presence of ICG-negative
metastatic tumors. Palpation during operation and imaging studies remain
essential for detecting metastatic lesions, even in the era of ICG
imaging.
Glomerular filtration rate in children and young adults with haemato-oncological disease and infection is best described by three-compartmental iohexol model
Authors: Soeorg Hiie , Noortoots Aveli , Karu Maarja , Saks Kadri , Lass Jana , Lutsar Irja , Kõrgvee Lenne-Triin
Published: February 2021

Background. Children with cancer and infection may develop glomerular
hyperfiltration (GH). With the aim to determine the prevalence of GH in
children and young adults with haemato-oncological disease and infection
we developed population pharmacokinetic model of iohexol. We further
aimed to assess the accuracy of estimated glomerular filtration rate
(eGFR) equations and single- or two-point measured GFR (mGFR) formulas
compared with GFR based on iohexol clearance from our population
pharmacokinetic model (iGFR). Procedure. Hospitalized patients (0.5-25
years) with haemato-oncological disease and infection were included if
their eGFR was ≥80 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the screening visit. Iohexol plasma
concentrations were described by population pharmacokinetic model. Bias,
precision and accuracy of 23 eGFR equations and 18 mGFR formulas were
calculated. Results. Total of 32 iohexol administrations was performed
in 28 patients. Median (range) eGFR was 136 (74-234) mL/min/1.73 m2 and
age 15.1 (0.8-26.0) years. Three-compartment model with allometric
scaling of central, one peripheral compartment and clearance (with power
0.75) to weight fitted the best. Median (range) iGFR was 103 (68-140)
mL/min/1.73 m2. All except one eGFR equation overestimated GFR.
Lund-Malmö revised eGFR equation performed the best, followed by Gao
equation. Of single- or two-point mGFR formulas 15 overestimated iGFR.
Modified Jacobsson formula at 5.5 h performed the best, followed by
Fleming formula at 3 h. Conclusions. In children and young adults with
haemato-oncological disease and infection renal function is best
described by iohexol clearance from three-compartmental pharmacokinetic
model, while eGFR equations and single- and two-point mGFR formulas
overestimate iGFR.
A rare case of patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 in a genotype-phenotype correlation revealing a submicroscopic deletion on the long arm of chromosome 17
Authors: Yethindra Vityala , Tagaev Tugolbai , Mainazarova Elmira , Dzhumakova Cholpon , Namazbekova Asel
Published: February 2021

We are reporting a case of neurofibromatosis type 1 in a
genotype-phenotype correlation and chromosomal microarray test revealed
a submicroscopic deletion on the long arm of chromosome 17, which is
associated with a more severe phenotype. The presence of a more severe
phenotype warrants precise monitoring of complications.
Drought stress imposes reversible photosynthetic damage under fluctuating light conditions in crops
Authors: Sakoda Kazuma , Taniyoshi Kazuki , Yamori Wataru , Tanaka Yu
Published: February 2021

Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop growth and yield.
Water availability in the field can cyclically change between drought
and rewatering conditions, depending on precipitation patterns.
Concurrently, light intensity under field conditions can fluctuate,
inducing dynamic photosynthesis and transpiration during crop growth
period. The present study aimed to characterize carbon gain and water
use in fluctuating light under drought and rewatering conditions by
conducting gas exchange measurements in two major crops, namely rice and
soybean. In both crops, drought stress reduced steady-state
photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic capacity, and delayed
photosynthetic induction even when it had relatively small impact on
photosynthetic capacity, suggesting that the drought effects on
photosynthesis should be evaluated based on induction, maximum, and
steady states. This delayed photosynthetic induction resulted in a
substantial loss of carbon gain under fluctuating light conditions,
which can be a limiting factor for crop growth and yield in the field.
Meanwhile, rewatering after drought conditions completely recovered
photosynthetic capacity and induction in both crops, whereas drought
experience would be memorized to slow down the stomatal opening.
Therefore, the stability of photosynthetic induction can be a promising
target to improve drought tolerance during crop breeding in the future.
Tone-pip frequency-specific auditory brainstem response via loudspeakers in ossiculoplasty: a tool in predicting long-term hearing improvement intra-operatively
Authors: Ren Wei , Ji Fei , Xu Cong , Zheng Fan-Jun , Yang Ying , Ren Xiao , Jiang Pei-yi , Shi Bin-Yu , zhao hui , Yang Shi-Ming
Published: February 2021

Objective: In this study, we aimed to establish a frequency-specific ABR
(fs-ABR) system via loudspeakers to assess the hearing improvement in
ossiculoplasty intra-operatively and observe its efficiency and accuracy
in predicting the long-term outcome. Setting Blackman-gated 1kHz
tone-pips with 1ms, 2ms and 3ms duration were used in normal hearing
(NH) subjects to calibrate the system and the standard ABR threshold and
wave V latency for this system were established. All subjects would take
four hearing tests: Pure tone audiometry (PTA) before and six-month
after the surgery, fs-ABR under anesthesia before surgery and right
after the ossicular chain reconstruction intra-operatively. PTA was used
as the standard test to measure hearing. Bland-Altman analysis and
linear correlation analysis were used to compare the agreement between
PTA and fs-ABR results. Participants Forty-two conductive hearing loss
(CHL) subjects. Results: For NH and CHL subjects in operating room
before surgery, the fs-ABR threshold showed a high linear relation with
the PTA results (r=0.88, P<.0001). For CHL follow up results:
for 1ms group, PTAI showed a better correlation with fs-ABRI (r=0.67,
P<.01) with the equation: PTAI=2.15*fs-ABRI-3.49; for 3ms
group, PTA showed a better correlation with fs-ABR (r=0.76,
P<.01) with the equation PTA=0.93*fs-ABR+3.48. Bland-Altman
analysis showed no difference between PTA and fs-ABR in all above
analysis. Eustachian tube malfunction would negatively affect the
prediction efficacy, for subjects with normal ETF, the correlation
between fs-ABRI and PTAI was even higher: PTAI=1.6*fs-ABRI+12.48 with
r=0.77 (P=.0407<0.05). Conclusions This system could monitor
the function of the reconstructed ossicular chain intra-operatively and
predict the post-surgical 6-month hearing improvement efficiently and
accurately. The average testing time for the fs-ABR was short, about 10
to 15 minutes. This system would serve as a promising tool clinically to
help surgeons optimize the efficacy of ossiculoplasty. Besides, ETF
should be taken into consideration as a risk factor that would
negatively influence the hearing impairment.
On the dark sides of the “exposed” cultural life. An objection to the recently raised, optimistic tone in cultural theory
Authors: Liebsch Burkhard
Published: February 2021

The text begins by charting the current seeming resistance of understanding
one?s own cul?ture as inherently heterogenous, transculturally mixed with
the foreign. Looking at classic contributions to the theory of culture, the
text continues by dealing with the identitary temp?tation so as to
understand it from the perspective that cultural life forms can only be
ap?proached from the perspective of the intractable foreignness of the world
- on the condition that we are permanently accepted in them. The fact that
foreignness cannot thus be ?re?moved? means that we never experience
?complete? enculturation, but rather we remain always tied to the
precultural. The article thesis is that for this very reason we have an
in?delible affinity to everything transcultural, which can foremost be
understood as what can be found ?beyond? familiar forms of life, and which
can bind us to the ?beyond?, as we will never fully feel domesticated in
this ?here present?. Ironically, however, the transcultural draws on the
precultural. Apologists of identity negate this latter insight, offering
warped images of homogenized belonging that, it would appear, allow for no
interior disagreement, oddity, or distance.
Beyond radical humanism. An attempt to critically confront Liebsch’s heterocentrism
Authors: Koprivica Caslav
Published: February 2021

Methodologically, heterocentrism is the principal starting point of several
recent Liebsch?s theoretical contributions, the meaning of which is simply
to be taken as the protection of man. In one decisive sense, for him,
keeping someone in a position of otherness already con?tains the germ of
violence: making an other leads to alienating subordination. In this paper,
we examine the (un)sustainability of the author?s universal interpretive
thesis that the history of our culture is a history of violence: it turns
out to be structurally unprovable and partly arbitrary. The starting point
of such a generally negative attitude is what we call Liebsch?s conceptual
moralism. Our research also re-examines Liebsch?s interrogation of the
tradition of philosophy of culture as morally indifferent, as well as his
criterion of acceptability of nor?matively impregnated culture in the form
of the Derridean imperative of unconditional openness to the other as a
guest.
Some subordinating results for classes of functions defined by Sǎlǎgean type q derivative operator
Authors: Aouf Mohamed , Mostafa Adela
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate several interesting some subordination results
for classes of analytic functions defined by the S?l?gean type
q-derivative operator.
Proximal point algorithm for differentiable quasi-convex multiobjective optimization
Authors: Amir Fouzia , Farajzadeh Ali , Petrot Narin
Published: February 2021

The main aim of this paper is to consider the proximal point method for
solving multiobjective optimization problem under the differentiability,
locally Lipschitz and quasi-convex conditions of the objective function. The
control conditions to guarantee that the accumulation points of any
generated sequence, are Pareto critical points are provided.
On Ramsey properties, function spaces, and topological games
Authors: Clontz Steven , Osipov Alexander
Published: February 2021

An open question of Gruenhage asks if all strategically selectively separable
spaces are Markov selectively separable, a game-theoretic statement known to
hold for countable spaces. As a corollary of a result by Berner and Juh?sz,
we note that the ?strong? version of this statement, where the second player
is restricted to selecting single points rather than finite subsets, holds
for all T3 spaces without isolated points. Continuing this investigation, we
also consider games related to selective sequential separability, and
demonstrate results analogous to those for selective separability. In
particular, strong selective sequential separability in the presence of the
Ramsey property may be reduced to a weaker condition on a countable
sequentially dense subset. Additionally, ?- and ?-covering properties on X
are shown to be equivalent to corresponding sequential properties on Cp(X).
A strengthening of the Ramsey property is also introduced, which is still
equivalent to ?2 and ?4 in the context of Cp(X).
On the equality of triple derivations and derivations of lie algebras
Authors: Jafari Hossein , Madadi Ali
Published: February 2021

Let L be a Lie algebra over a commutative ring with identity. In the present
paper under some mild conditions on L, it is proved that every triple
derivation of L is a derivation. In particular, we show that in perfect Lie
algebras and free Lie algebras every triple derivation is a derivation.
Finally we apply our results to show that every triple derivation of the Lie
algebra of block upper triangular matrices is a derivation.
Heat transfer analysis in counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger using of design of experiments
Authors: Perumal Sakthivel , Sundaresan Dinesh , Sivanraju Rajkumar , Tesfie Nega , Ramalingam Kamalakannan , Thanikodi Sathish
Published: February 2021

In this research aimed to estimate the overall heat transfer coefficient of counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger. Heat transfer is the phenomenon to analysis of heat transfer from one medium of fluid to another medium of fluid, it is considered as a major role in industrial applications. Numerous heat exchangers are available, in this research considered as shell and tube heat exchanger. Overall heat transfer coefficient informed that three major factors are influenced as passing of fluid (film) media coefficient inside the tubes, circulating of fluid (film) media coefficient over in the shell, and the resistance of wall made on metal. In this study Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is executed to found the overall heat transfer coefficient with effective process parameters. Three major parameters are considered for this work are coil diameter (25 mm, 30 mm, and 35 mm), baffle thickness (15 mm, 20 mm, and 25 mm) and baffle gap (200 mm, 300 mm, and 400 mm. Baffle plate thickness is highly significant factor for this experiment.
Intelectual orgânica, urbanista militante, professora dialógica
Authors: Martins Maria Lucia Refinetti , Ferreira João Sette Whitaker , Leitão Karina Oliveira , Royer Luciana de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Erminia Maricato se traduz em um conjunto de ideias, papéis e ações: intelectual, acadêmica, gestora pública e ativista. Nosso olhar e considerações são de um grupo que convive com Erminia em todas essas frentes, a partir do universo acadêmico (e de um convívio diferente para cada um) que envolve desde a vivência no período estudantil, à experiência de tê-la como orientadora, ou ainda, a prática comum na pesquisa e na docência. Somos professores da FAU USP e pesquisadores do LabHab, o laboratório de pesquisa sobre habitação e assentamentos humanos que ela fundou em 1996. Na condição de coordenadores deste escrevemos estas linhas referenciando-nos ao grande número de alunos e pesquisadores que ao longo desses quase 25 anos se formaram, pesquisaram, estagiaram e viveram o LabHab. Temos certeza de que para todos nós, é impossível falar dela, ou sobre ela, sem dar vazão a uma enorme base de carinho e admiração.

Intelectual e militante aguerrida, acolhe e estimula, abrindo espaço aos novatos e dando-lhes asas para que voem sozinhos. Impossível descrever a Erminia sem falar de seu companheirismo e lealdade para com aquelas e aqueles com quem ela divide o mesmo compromisso na luta por cidades mais justas. No meio acadêmico, altamente competitivo, em que egos muitas vezes superam ideias, a consistência e o caráter de Erminia são aspectos que exigem destaque. O respeito pelo outro, o reconhecimento do mérito dos pesquisadores e colegas e a rejeição à apropriação pessoal do trabalho de colaboradores e orientandos, sempre valorizado no sentido coletivo e solidário, marcam sua trajetória.
Bartın İli Kozcağız Yöresindeki Bir Sekonder Mera Alanının Bazı Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: PALTA Şahin , GENÇ LERMİ Ayşe , YİĞİT Mustafa
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışma, Bartın ili Kozcağız yöresindeki bir sekonder mera alanında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma 2018 yılı vejetasyon periyodunda yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kozcağız yöresindeki sekonder mera alanının bazı vejetasyon ve toprak özelliklerini belirlemektir. Mera vejetasyonunun toprağı kaplama oranı ve botanik kompozisyonu belirlenmiş olup vejetasyonda yer alan bitkilerin teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca mera alanının bazı fiziko-kimyasal toprak özellikleri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, sekonder mera alanında 30 familyaya ait 68 bitki taksonu teşhis edilmiştir. Bu bitki taksonlarının 19 tanesinin tek yıllık ve 49 tanesinin çok yıllık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sekonder mera alanında teşhis edilen bitki taksonlarının 15 tanesinin baklagillere (Fabaceae), 11 tanesinin buğdaygillere (Poaceae) ve 42 tanesinin diğer bitki familyalarına ait olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu bitkilerin 10 adedi azalıcı, 7 adedi çoğalıcı ve 51 adedi istilacı bitkiler sınıfında yer almaktadır. Vejetasyonun toprağı kaplama oranı % 100 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarından elde edilen ortalama değerlere göre botanik kompozisyonun % 32,40’ünü baklagiller, % 38,14’ünü buğdaygiller ve % 29,46’sını diğer familyalara ait bitkilerin oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Toprak analizi sonuçlarının ortalama değerlerine göre; sekonder mera alanı killi topraklar sınıfında, hafif alkali, orta derecede kireçli, elektriksel iletkenliği düşük, organik madde ve toplam azot içeriği bakımından fakir, yarayışlı potasyum içeriği orta derecede ve yarayışlı fosfor içeriği yüksek bulunmuştur.
Yaban Hayvanı Uyarı Levhalarının Konumlarının Değerlendirilmesi Kırıkkale-Çankırı Karayolu Örneği
Authors: ÖZCAN Ali Uğur , ÖZKAZANÇ Nuri Kaan
Published: February 2021

Yaban hayvanları doğal yaşam ortamlarının farklı sebeplerden dolayı tahrip olması ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu tahribatların önemli sebeplerinden biri de karayollarıdır. Karayolları yaban hayvanlarının yaşam alanlarında habitat parçalanmalarına sebep oldukları gibi, yaban hayvanı araç çarpışmaları nedeni ile ölümlere de sebep olmaktadır. Mayıs 2014 ile Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında Kırıkkale-Çankırı karayolu üzerinde yaban hayvanları ile araç çarpışmalarını incelediğimiz bu çalışmada 9 türden 389 adet memeli yaban hayvanı kazası kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmada kirpi 182, tilki 136, sansar 44, yaban domuzu 12, kurt 6, tavşan 5, porsuk 2, arap tavşanı ve gelincik ise 1 adet olarak kazalara karışmıştır. Çalışma alanında 4 adedi yaban domuzu ve 6 adedi ise karaca figürlü olan toplam 10 adet yaban hayvanı uyarı levhası olduğu ve bu uyarı levhalarının kazaların 52 adedinin meydana geldiği noktalara yerleştirildiği ve tüm kazaların %13,5’i kadarına etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak Kırıkkale-Çankırı karayolunda bulunan yaban hayvanı uyarı levhalarının gerek konum gerekse de sayı olarak yeterli olmadığı belirlenmiştir.
Determination of Changes in Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Stocks under Different Stand Age of Kazdağı Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani (Steven) Spach)
Authors: SAVACI Gamze , SARIYILDIZ Temel
Published: February 2021

Most of the carbon in forest ecosystems is stored in the forest litter and in the soil. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks are, however, highly variable. Forest carbon stocks and fluxes vary with forest age, and relationships with forest age are often used to estimate fluxes for regional or national carbon inventories. Therefore, it is extremely important to determine the effect of stand age on SOC and TN stocks and the amount of tree species on the distribution. The objective of this study was to estimate SOC and TN stocks of Kazdağı fir (A. nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani (Steven) Spach) in the northwest (Ilgaz) and northeast (Inebolu) of Kastamonu. Three sites of fir stand, aged 38, 57, 60, 66, 90, 100, 183, 250, 283 and 306 years were selected in pure fir forests. The results showed significant differences in the amounts of forest litter, SOC and TN stocks among the different stand ages. Kazdağı fir stands older than 100 years had much higher forest litter than the younger fir stands. The highest amount of forest litter was under the 306 years old fir stands (30.3 Mg ha-1) while the lowest amount of forest litter was under the 100 years old fir stands (3.95 Mg ha-1). When 0-30 cm soil depth was considered, the fir stands aged 100 and over generally showed higher SOC stocks than the fir stands younger than 100 years old, with the exception of 38 and 57 years old fir stands which had the highest SOC (166.7 Mg C ha-1). Similarly, for TN stocks, it was also seen that the fir stands aged 100 or over had higher TN stocks than the fir stands younger than 100 years old. Our results have indicated that the forest litter, SOC and TN stocks of fir stands are more dependent on stand age. Our results have indicated that the forest litter, SOC and TN stocks of fir stands are more dependent on stand age.
Bazı Geniş Yapraklı Orman Ağacı Fidanlarının Morfolojik Özellikleri
Authors: AYAN Sezgin , GEDİK Fatih , YER ÇELİK Esra Nurten , GÜLSEVEN Orhan , YILMAZ Ergin , AKIN Şeyma Selin , ÖZEL Halil Barış
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada; Ordu orman fidanlığı ekolojik şartlarında “Tam Alan Serpme Yöntemi” ile ekilen ve rutin yetiştirme tekniği uygulamaları ile üretilen bazı geniş yapraklı orman ağacı [1+0 yaşlı doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis L.)], 2+0 yaşlı adi gürgen (Carpinus betulus L.) ve 3+0 yaşlı dağ akçaağacı (Acer pseudoplatanus L.)] fidanlarının fidan boyu (FB), kök boğazı çapı (KBÇ), dal sayısı (DS) ve gürbüzlük indisi (Gİ) değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Morfolojik fidan özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen morfolojik özelliklere göre fidanlar, TSE standartları ve Aphalo ve Rikala (2003) Gİ değerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; sırasıyla doğu kayını, dağ akçaağacı ve adi gürgenin ortalama fidan boyları 29,5, 86,7 ve 70,8 cm; ortalama KBÇ 3,62, 9 ve 6,7 mm; ortalama DS 6,6, 9 ve 22,1 adet ve Gİ değerleri ise 86,7, 98,8 ve 111,9 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Morfolojik fidan özelliklerinde dikkati çeken en önemli hususlardan biri her türde çok yüksek varyasyonun olmasıdır. Araştırma objesi üç türde FB-KBÇ, DS-FB ve DS-KBÇ arasında pozitif yönlü güçlü ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Yetiştirilen fidanların TSE standartlarına göre; doğu kayınında %40’ı, dağ akçaağacında %75,5’i ve adi gürgende ise %63,3’ünün 1. kalite sınıfında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aphalo ve Rikala (2003) Gİ değerlerine göre ise doğu kayınında %93,3’ü; Dağ akçaağacında %100’ü ve adi gürgende ise %97,8’i “düşük kaliteli fidan” kategorisinde yer almıştır. Tam alan serpme ekimi yöntemiyle yetiştirilmiş fidanlarda fidan başına düşen yaşam alanının homojen olmamasından dolayı FB, KBÇ ve Gİ değerlerinde tespit edilen büyük varyasyonlar nedeniyle seleksiyon ile ıskarta olarak elimine olacak fidan oranı çok yüksek olabilecektir.
Akdeniz ve Arizona Servisi Fidanlarının Morfolojik Kalite Özellikleri
Authors: AYAN Sezgin , CİVEK Emre , YER ÇELİK Esra Nurten , GÜLSEVEN Orhan , AKIN Şeyma Selin , YILMAZ Ergin
Published: February 2021

Değişen iklim koşulları etkisiyle özellikle Akdeniz havzasında artan yangın riskine karşı servilerin önemi gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, farklı yaşlardaki çıplak köklü ve tüplü Akdeniz piramidal servisi (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. pyramidalis (O. Targ. Tozz.) Nyman) ve Arizona servisi (Cupressus arizonica Greene) fidanlarının morfolojik kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Samsun-Gelemen Orman Fidanlığında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Samsun orijinli 1+0 yaşlı çıplak köklü, 1+1 ve 1+2 yaşlı repikajlı-polietilen tüplü fidanlar kullanılmıştır. Fidanlarda morfolojik özellik bakımından; Kök boğazı çapı (KBC), fidan boyu (FB), terminal sürgün boyu (TSB), kök taze ağırlığı (KTA), gövde taze ağırlığı (GTA), kök kuru ağırlığı (KKA), gövde kuru ağırlığı (GKA), fidan kuru ağırlığı (FKA), gürbüzlük indisi (Gİ), kuru kök yüzdesi (%KKök), katlılık indisi (Kİ) ve Dickson kalite indeksi (DKİ) kriterleri baz alınmıştır. Tespit edilen morfolojik özelliklere göre fidanlar, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE) kriterleri ve Aphalo ve Rikala (2003) Gİ değerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; her iki türde boy gelişimi ve gövde ağırlığında yüksek değerlere sahip fidanlar yetiştirilmesine rağmen, KKA (0,27-5,43 gr), %Kkök (%15,75-30) ve Kİ (2,67-7,25) gibi kök gelişimini temsil eden kriterler bakımından oldukça düşük değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fidanlık ekolojisi ve kültürel uygulamalar etkisiyle fidanların kök gelişiminde zayıf davranmaları kurak ve yarı kurak bölgeler için tercih edilmeyecek bir fidan standardını oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada öne çıkan kök gelişimi zayıflığına karşı; su stresi ile şartlandırma, fidan gelişim dönemlerini esas alan kök kesim zamanı ve tekrarı, gübreleme ve sulama rejimi gibi kültürel işlemlerin doğru ve etkin bir şekilde yapılması şiddetle önerilmektedir.
İkramiye Vadisi Florası (Sapanca) Sakarya
Authors: TURNA Melike , SAĞIROĞLU Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmada İkramiye vadisi (Sapanca/Sakarya) ve çevresinin floristik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Yapılan arazi çalışmaları sonucunda, araştırma alanında 79 familyaya ait 257 cins, 434 tür ve tür altı seviyede takson belirlenmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 5’i Pteridophyta bölümüne, 429’u Spermatophyta bölümüne aittir. Spermatophyta bölümüne ait olan taksonlardan 5’i Gymnospermae, 424’ü Angiospermae alt bölümündedir. Florayı oluşturan taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı şöyledir; 110 takson Avrupa-Sibirya, 51 takson Akdeniz, 14 takson İran-Turan fitocoğrafik bölgesine aittir, fitaocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyen takson sayısı 259’tır. Bölgede bulunan taksonların hayat formlarına göre dağılımları ise şöyledir; 52’si Fanerofit, 36’sı Kamefit, 172’si Hemikriptofit, 56’sı Kriptofit, 121’i Terofit ve 1 tanesi Vasküler parazittir. Araştırma alanındaki endemik takson sayısı 11 olup endemizm oranı %2,53’tür. Araştırma alanında tespit edilen 29 takson A3 karesi için yeni kayıttır.
Desertification in the OIC Member Countries: Factors, Challenges and the Way Forward
Authors: AHSAN Md
Published: February 2021

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) comprises of 57 member countries that are located in different parts of the world and many of them are situated in hyper-arid, arid and semi-arid areas. Based on secondary based research, this study highlights the factors that lead to desertification in OIC member countries and the challenges that need to overcome. The study found that the changing land use pattern and climate-related process were the direct causes of desertification in these countries. Decreased arable land, increased aridity and drought, population growth, urbanisation, encroachment on rangelands and forests, increased land degradation, and climate change are the key factors leading to desertification. Again, around 30% of OIC populations are living in Sub Saharan African countries, who still depend on subsistence agriculture. The old-fashioned forest management system also enhances the risk of losing forest resources. The study found that local phenomena especially unsustainable use of natural resources by local people and globalization phenomena in international food markets, neoliberalisation impact and thereby depletion of agriculture and forest resources, are laying significant role of deforestation and the resultant desertification in the affected OIC member countries. The study proposes that there is a need to establish a desertification monitoring and implementing center so that the OIC can take appropriate and coordinated actions in a timely manner. This center could help to raise awareness-building, regional campaign and management of natural resources in the issues of desertification across the OIC member countries.
Peyzaj Direnç Değişimlerinin Ekolojik Bağlantılar Üzerine Etkileri: Çankırı Örneği
Authors: ÖZCAN Ali Uğur , AYTAŞ İbrahim
Published: February 2021

Peyzaj direnci kavramı, çevresel parametrelerin yaban hayvanlarının hareketlerini nasıl etkilediğini nicel olarak tahmin etmek için peyzaj ekolojisi ve koruma biyolojisinde son yıllarda oldukça sık kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, zamansal olarak mekânsal değişimin ve peyzaj dirençlerinin ekolojik bağlantılar üzerine etkisini Çankırı ili örneğinde ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Hedef tür olarak karaca (Capreolus capreolus) seçilmiştir. Öncelikli olarak peyzaj dirençleri için arazi kullanımları, karayolları ve akarsu ağı değişkenleri seçilmiş ve bu değişkenlerin direnç değerleri belirlenmiştir. Çekirdek alan olarak 1.000 hektardan büyük tek parça halindeki orman alanları seçilmiştir. Çalışma alanı için iki farklı zamana ait peyzaj dirençleri hesaplanmıştır. İstanbul-Samsun karayolu (D-100), Çankırı ilini doğudan batıya doğru kesen en önemli bariyerdir. Bu yüzden D-100'ün böldüğü alan için iki farklı koridor seçilmiştir. Hedef tür için koridor güzergâhları, least-cost modeli (en az maliyetli yol) kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Analiz sonucuna göre 2000 ve 2018 yıllarına ait Path1 (P1) ve Path2 (P2) koridorlarının ikisinde de zamansal olarak değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. P1 koridoru için 2000 yılı direnç/metre ortalaması 4.83, 2018 yılı için 5.31 olarak artarken, P2 koridoru için 6.38’den 5.90 değerine düşmüştür. Bu değişiklik, D-100 karayolu ve çevresinde oluşan yerleşimlerin yaban hayatı üzerine etkisini net bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır. Parçalanmış peyzaj yamaları arasında ekolojik bağlantıların tekrar tesis edilmesi, biyoçeşitliliğin sürdürülebilirliği için oldukça önemlidir. Çankırı’da peyzaj dirençlerinin belirlenmesi, ekolojik bağlantıların planlamasında nasıl bir koridorun oluşturulacağı ve gerekli olan önlemlerin neler olacağını ortaya koyması açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Toprak Makrofaunasının Saf ve Karışık Meşcerelerdeki Komünite Yapıları
Authors: ÇAKIR Meriç , MAKİNECİ Ender
Published: February 2021

Toprak makrofaunası, farklı trofik gruplar içeren ve boyutları 2mm’den büyük olan eklembacaklılar ile yumuşak vücutlu omurgasızları içermektedir. Makrofauna, ayrışma, besin döngüsü, toprak strüktürü ve hastalık yapan canlıların popülasyon yoğunluğunu dengede tutmak gibi önemli ekosistem fonksiyonlarını etkiler. Ayrıca bitkilerin çeşitliliğini, bolluğunu, süksesyonunu ve üretimini etkileyen biyojeokimyasal döngülerde çok önemli rolleri vardır. Saf meşe (Quercus petraea L.) ve kayın (Fagus orientalis L.) meşcereleri ile meşe-kayın karışık meşceresinde yürütülen çalışmada makrofaunanın miktar, çeşitlilik ve komünite yapılarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. İstanbul Belgrad Ormanı içerisinde yer alan Atatürk Arboretumu’unda yürütülen çalışmada makrofaunayı örneklemek için çukur tuzaklar kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme aylık olarak bir yıl boyunca yapılmıştır. Meşe-kayın karışık meşceresinde (606 bry. m-2) makrofauna miktarı saf meşe (478 bry. m-2) ve saf kayın meşceresine (470 bry. m-2) kıyasla istatistiksel olarak fazla bulunmuştur. Shannon çeşitlilik indeksine göre makrofauna çeşitliliği meşe (H'=1,24), kayın (H'=1,29) ve meşe-kayın (H'=1,28) meşcereleri arasında önemli bir fark çıkmamıştır. Genel olarak saf ve karışık meşcerelerdeki en baskın trofik grubu yırtıcılar oluşturmaktadır.
Orman Fonksiyon Önceliklerinin Belirlenmesi: Çelikhan Plan Ünitesi Örneği
Authors: BOZALİ Nuri
Published: February 2021

Bütün dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de hızlı nüfus artışı doğal kaynaklardan beklentiyi artırmakta ve çeşitlendirmektedir. İnsanların ormanlardan beklentilerinin çeşitlenmesi ve artması ormanların topluma sunmuş olduğu ekolojik ve sosyo-kültürel fonksiyonları ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Orman amenajman planlarının yapılmasında çok önemli bir altlık olarak değerlendirilen ve ormanların topluma sağladığı faydaları gösteren orman fonksiyon haritalarının oluşturulması son derece önem arz etmektedir. Bu amaçla Çelikhan plan ünitesi örneğinde toprak koruma, su üretimi, estetik ve rekreasyon fonksiyonlarına ayrılacak alanlar ölçüt ve göstergelere göre belirlenerek her bir fonksiyon için ayrı ayrı haritalar oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada toprak koruma fonksiyonunu belirlemek için kullanılan eğim parametresine ilaveten anakaya grupları ile meşcere yapısı, kök sistemi ve kapalılık biçimi gibi yeni parametreler bir arada kullanılarak toprak koruma fonksiyonu erozyon risk grupları oluşturulmuştur. Tüm fonksiyonlar farklı renkler kullanılarak veya taranarak tek bir harita üzerinde birleştirilmiş ve bütün fonksiyonlar meşcere tipleri haritası ile çakıştırılarak plan ünitesinde tek ve çok fonksiyonlu alanlar belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla plan ünitesindeki her bölme ve bölmeciğin göreceği fonksiyon ya da fonksiyon grupları belirlenerek haritalandırılması yapılmıştır. Plan ünitesi içerisindeki konumsal orman fonksiyonları ile bireysel ve kurumsal talebe konu olan estetik ve rekreasyon fonksiyonları ayrıldıktan sonra erozyon riskinin az ve eğimin düşük olduğu alanlar üretim fonksiyonuna ayrılmıştır. Orman fonksiyon haritasına göre; I. fonksiyonların dağılımına göre toprak koruma, su üretimi, odun üretimi, rekreasyon, estetik ve ormansız alanlar sırasıyla %9,61, %9,27, %0,31, %0,04, %0,46 ve %61,54’ ünü oluşturmaktadır. Orman fonksiyonların belirlenmesinde katılımcı yaklaşım kullanılarak orman kaynaklarının planlanması ve yönetilmesi ile sürdürülebilir ormancılık işletmeciliğine katkı sağlanacaktır.