bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic and functional diversity of mollusk assemblages in a tropical rocky intertidal zone
Authors: Souza Shayanna M. A. da R. , Matthews-Cascon Helena , Couto Erminda da C. G.
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT We investigated the spatial variation of molluscan assemblages with different habitat-forming species and bare rock habitat in a rocky intertidal zone in northeastern Brazil. The high intertidal zone substrate was covered predominantly of barnacles [Chthamalus bisinuatus (Pilsbry, 1916)], the mid-intertidal of mussels [Brachidontes exustus (Linnaeus, 1758)] and the low intertidal of macroalgae chlorophytes [Gayralia oxysperma (Kützing) K. L. Vinogradova ex Scagel et al., 1989 and Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753], phaeophytes [Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh] and rhodophytes [Palisada flagellifera (J.Agardh) K. W. Nam, 2007]. A total of 3,861 mollusks were recorded, belonging to the classes Gastropoda (9 species; 3,800 individuals), Bivalvia (3 spp.; 54 ind.), and Polyplacophora (1 sp.; 7 ind.). Functional diversity was accessed through the trophic structure, in which we identified food guilds: suspension feeders, grazers, herbivores, and carnivores. The analysis revealed significant differences in mollusk abundance, species richness, diversity indices, and trophic diversity among barnacle belts, mussel beds, algae habitat, and bare rock habitats. The highest species richness and trophic diversity were detected in algae habitat and mussel beds, which showed low abundance. In contrast, barnacle belts registered low species richness and trophic diversity and a high number of individuals. Bare rock recorded low values in all surveyed indices. This result points to the effect of environmental modification caused by habitat-forming species in this system. These species increase environmental complexity and enable the establishment of organisms through facilitation processes. The various food guilds found in this study reaffirm the role of habitat-forming species in providing niches that support different occupation patterns.
Otimismo Disposicional, Afetos e Personalidade em Pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica
Authors: Oliveira Renata Cipriano de , Rossini Joaquim Carlos , Lopes Renata Ferrarez Fernandes
Published: November 2020

Resumo Este estudo investiga relações entre otimismo disposicional, afetos e traços de personalidade em pacientes com doença renal crônica que aguardam por um transplante renal (grupo pré-transplante) e em pacientes que já fizeram o procedimento (grupo pós-transplante). Teve como objetivos específicos: verificar se houve diferença nos escores desses três constructos nas duas amostras; se houve diferenças de desempenho no teste de otimismo e na escala de afetos em função do tempo de transplante; e se houve diferenças de desempenho no teste de otimismo e na escala de afetos em função do tempo de espera em lista. A pesquisa contou com quinze participantes em cada grupo sendo usados quatro instrumentos para coleta de dados: questionário sociodemográfico, Teste para avaliar o Otimismo (LOT-R), Inventário dos Cinco Grandes Fatores (NEO-FFI-R) e Escala de Afetos Positivos e Afetos Negativos (Panas). Os resultados indicaram maior otimismo nos participantes do grupo Pré-transplante (Md = 29; IIQ = 2) comparado com os do grupo Pós-transplante (Md = 26; IIQ = 1). Conclui-se que no grupo pré-transplante, o otimismo disposicional não se associou de maneira significativa com nenhum fator de personalidade, o que pode indicar que o otimismo esteja voltado para um objetivo-alvo, mais do que para expectativas gerais de que coisas boas aconteçam e se evidencia como fator de proteção da personalidade, ou como mecanismo de ajustamento à condição crítica de hemodiálise. O tempo passado em lista de espera e de realização do transplante não tiveram associação significativa às demais variáveis.
Conhecimento etnobotânico de moradores do Sítio Histórico de Olinda, Patrimônio Natural e Cultural da Humanidade
Authors: Santos Edvaldo Amaro dos , Andrade Laise de Holanda Cavalcanti
Published: November 2020

Resumo Olinda (Pernambuco, Brasil) foi declarada pela UNESCO “Patrimônio Natural e Cultural da Humanidade”. Considerando o conhecimento etnobotânico associado à população local como parte imaterial desse patrimônio, o presente trabalho avaliou a relação entre a riqueza de conhecimento dos moradores com a diversidade de plantas úteis encontradas nos quintais e jardins domiciliares da região. Verificou-se a associação da riqueza de plantas úteis com a disponibilidade de área verde, o tempo de moradia, e a riqueza do conhecimento. Foram entrevistados 11 homens e 37 mulheres, com idade superior a 18 anos, residentes em 48 domicílios, localizados em quatro bairros de Olinda, resultando em 12 por bairro: Amparo, Carmo e Bonsucesso, componentes do Sítio Histórico, e Ouro Preto, não tombado, contíguo à área peri-urbana do município. Foram citadas 346 espécies de plantas pelos entrevistados, sendo 88% cultivadas, e 35% nativas, destinadas ao paisagismo (246 spp), cuidados da saúde (81 spp) e alimentação (80 spp). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os quatro bairros pesquisados, sendo as categorias ornamental e medicinal as mais representativas. A riqueza do conhecimento do morador e a área verde disponível foram os fatores mais influentes na riqueza de plantas nas residências.
Kocaeli Hereke Dokuma Fabrikası Yerleşkesi’ndeki Hümâyûn Camii
Authors: TANIK Saliha
Published: November 2020

Hereke, Kocaeli Körfez İlçesi’nin batısında yer almakta olup bugün belde mahiyetindedir.
Sultan Abdülmecit Dönemi’nde 1842-45 yılları arasında Hereke’de kurulan Dokuma Fabrikası (fabrika-i hümayun) zaman içinde genişleyerek beldeye canlılık kazandırmıştır. Fabrikanın sanayi birimleri dışında oluşturulan sosyal hizmet kuruluşlarından biri de Hereke Fabrika-i Hümayun Camii’dir. Eser, Cumhuriyet Dönemiyle birlikte fabrikanın Sümerbank’a devrolmasıyla Sümer Camii adını almıştır.
Cami, Sultan Abdülmecit tarafından M.1850-51 yılları arasında fabrika işçilerinin ibadet ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere inşa edilmiştir.
Arazi eğimi nedeniyle cami asimetrik planlıdır. Yapı malzemesi kâgirdir. İçten düz ahşap tavanla, dıştan çatıyla örtülüdür.
Cami, tarafımızca yerinde incelenmiş olup, fotoğrafları çekilip ölçüleri alınmıştır. Yapıya ait rölöve, restitüsyon ve restorasyon projeleri incelenmiştir. İlgili arşiv kaynakları ise Ankara Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü ve Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi’nden temin edilmiştir. Bugüne kadar konuyla ilgili derli toplu bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır.
Bildiride, caminin kurulduğu dönemden bugüne kadar geçirmiş olduğu evreler kronolojik sırasıyla anlatılacak ve zaman içinde yapılan değişiklik ve eklemeler eldeki veriler ışığında ortaya konulacaktır.
Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Dimensions of Commons-Based Value
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

The book proceeds in this chapter to present extensive elaboration of the research findings on the sequences and circuits of commons-based value within and beyond the communities under examination. Four sections of the chapter offer an analysis of collected research data as a basis to ground findings in relation to each of these four dimensions of commons-based values. The concluding section elicits general findings on the circulation of commons-based value, arising from common characteristics found in all four dimensions. Overall, the findings of the research show that social value within and beyond intellectual commons communities is circulated in specific forms, which can be revealed through social research and depicted in general formulae. The key finding of the chapter is that commons-based value circulates in the form of economic, social, cultural and political values and these alternative circuits of value have both inherent moral value and are beneficial for society.
The Social Value of the Intellectual Commons: Conclusions on Commons-Based Value
Authors: Broumas Antonios
Published: November 2020

Elaborating on key findings of previous chapters this chapter proposes more abstract statements on commons-based value, its sources, forms and mode of circulation and, finally, the value crisis challenging the interrelation between intellectual commons and capital. It is structured into the five following sections. The first offers a working definition of commons-based value in accordance with the findings of the research. The second determines productive communal activity as the source of commons-based value. The third analyses the forms of commons-based value. The fourth sketches out the basic characteristics of the mode of commons-based value circulation. The fifth and final substantive section examines the crises of value encountered in the sphere of the intellectual commons. Overall, this chapter offers a social theory of commons-based value circulation with normative dimensions in respect of the morality of the intellectual commons. With empirical data it confirms the presence of an alternative proto-mode of value circulation based on the intellectual commons, which supports the reproduction of the intellectual bases of our societies in dialectical interrelation to the dominant capitalist mode thus thereby rendering commons-based value visible to activists, researchers and policymakers and fuelling practices, policies and laws that might truly unleash their potential.
Aprovechamiento del escapo y los botones florales de Agave kerchovei en el Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, México
Authors: Brena-Bustamante Paulina , Lira-Saade Rafael , García-Moya Edmundo , Romero-Manzanares Angélica , Cervantes-Maya Héctor , López-Carrera Martín , Chávez-Herrera Salvador
Published: November 2020

La Reserva de la Biósfera del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán es una provincia de gran riqueza etnoflorística en la que resalta el género Agave por su diversidad específica y los múltiples recursos que ofrece a los lugareños. Agave kerchovei Lem. es una especie de interés particular por el aprovechamiento de la estructura floral. El objetivo de este estudio fue obtener información acerca del conocimiento y uso tradicional de los recursos derivados de A. kerchovei en San Rafael, Puebla y San Gabriel Casa Blanca, Oaxaca, México. Se realizaron entrevistas a hombres y mujeres relacionados con las actividades del hogar y del campo, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario estructurado con tres apartados: (1) identificación por medio de fotografías de la especie y las estructuras aprovechadas, (2) lugar, forma de recolecta y uso y (3) cantidad y frecuencia de recolecta de A. kerchovei . Este agave es conocido como cacayas y rabo de león. Las estructuras que se utilizan son los botones florales (capullos), como alimento tanto para humanos como para el ganado ovicaprino; la forma de uso es muy variada y su recolecta es particular. Los entrevistados indicaron que sus sitios de acopio son cercanos a sus asentamientos y las recolectas se realizan durante los meses de octubre a diciembre; en los cuales se cosechan hasta siete quiotes, acudiendo en más de cinco ocasiones. La información sobre A. kerchovei es escasa, de tal forma que este estudio amplía su conocimiento tradicional e importancia cultural.
Diversidad florística en cimas de la Sierra Madre Occidental, México, y su relación con variables ambientales
Authors: Ruacho-González Lizeth , González-Elizondo M. Socorro , González-Elizondo Martha , López-González Celia
Published: November 2020

Las partes más altas de la Sierra Madre Occidental presentan comunidades vegetales con algunas características de vegetación alpina. Estos sitios son ecológicamente importantes, pues además de sus altos índices de diversidad, son de las primeras zonas terrestres donde pueden detectarse efectos del cambio climático. El objetivo del trabajo fue aportar información acerca de la composición florística y su cobertura en las cimas de tres de los picos más altos de la Sierra Madre Occidental: Cerro Gordo, Huehuento y Las Antenas, comparar su riqueza específica y medir la similitud florística entre las cimas e identificar las variables ambientales que más influyen sobre la vegetación. Los muestreos se basaron en la metodología propuesta por el Proyecto GLORIA. Se realizó un Análisis de Correspondencias Canónicas, el cual mostró una estrecha relación entre la presencia de las especies y las variables de precipitación, temperatura, continentalidad, superficie de afloramiento rocoso, perturbación y altitud. Se registraron 175 taxa y una similitud florística baja, con únicamente dos compartidos entre los tres cerros. Aunque en la cima de Las Antenas fue donde se registró el mayor número de taxa, tanto en el inventario florístico como en las unidades de muestreo, fue en el cerro Huehuento donde se registró el mayor número de especies/m2. El elemento alpino está escasamente representado en la Sierra Madre Occidental, compuesto por Juniperus blancoi var. huehuentensis, Draba implexa, Micranthes mexicana, Bromus richardsonii y varias especies de Sedum, Galinsoga y Muhlenbergia .
Conditions for establishment of a key restoration species, Lupinus elegans Kunth, in a Mexican temperate forest
Authors: Díaz-Rodríguez Berenice , Del-Val Ek , Gómez-Romero Mariela , Gómez-Ruiz Pilar Angélica , Lindig-Cisneros Roberto
Published: November 2020

Seedling establishment is essential to ensure the persistence of most plant populations. When the establishment of early successional species is hampered, the regeneration dynamics of plant communities may be altered, thus becoming an obstacle for ecological restoration practice. This is the case of Lupinus elegans (Fabaceae), a pioneer leguminous shrub of temperate forests that facilitates the establishment of other plant species. In this experiment, L. elegans seeds were planted in the same density within a landscape of abandoned agricultural fields, to determine site characteristics that favor the establishment of this species. By analyzing classification trees, the variables that explain L. elegans establishment were determined, before and after herbivory by Zygogeomus trichopus , an endemic gopher known as tuza de Nahuatzen, that prevented establishment of this species by 40%. The results showed that S-SW and SW-W orientations, a soil density > 0.8047 g/cm3, a vegetation cover < 110%, and slopes > 11.5° favored L. elegans establishment and minimized mortality caused by the gopher.
Accelerated atherosclerosis in premenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis – 15-year follow-up
Authors: Koren Krajnc Metka , Hojs Radovan , Holc Iztok , Knez Željko , Pahor Artur
Published: November 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, associated with increased mortality and morbidity due to the higher cardiovascular risk in these patients. Traditional risk factors are not the only answer for the accelerated atherosclerosis. In long term prospective study, we investigated the relationship between asymptomatic atherosclerosis and traditional risk factors as well as inflammatory markers in patients with RA and matched healthy controls. We studied the laboratory test results, the concentrations of inflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteases (MMP) and inflammation markers in the total of 70 (60 at follow-up) premenopausal healthy women with RA and 40 (34 at follow-up) matched controls’. We used the B-mode ultrasound imaging of carotid arteries for detection of asymptomatic atherosclerosis. Correlation with different factors was evaluated. Statistically significant higher values of inflammatory markers such as selective adhesion molecules ICAM & VCAM, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and MMP-3 in patients` group were found in the follow-up study. More plaques were found in the patients’ group (42.4% vs. 12.9%; p=0.005), as compared with the controls’ group. The patients had also higher values of cIMT (p=0.001). Using bivariate regression analysis only VCAM was found as a prognostic factor for plaque occurrence (r= 0. 341, p=0.016), but not for cIMT (r= -0.130, p=0.327) in premenopausal female patients with RA after the follow-up. Therefore, the asymptomatic atherosclerosis is accelerated in premenopausal women with RA. The results of our follow-up study showed the association between the inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis. Furthermore, VCAM was found to have statistically significant correlation with plaque occurrence in these patients.
Local Participation or Elite Capture in Sheep’s Clothing? A Conundrum of Locally Led Development
Authors: Craney Aidan
Published: November 2020

This article discusses concepts of legitimacy and elite capture in locally led development through a case study of the Pacific-based Green Growth Leaders’ Coalition (GGLC). GGLC is a fellowship of persons identified for their developmental leadership potential on issues of sustainability and economic growth. Members are recruited into an exclusive grouping dedicated to influencing positive developmental change through informal networks and political backchannels. With their membership representing people who both self-identify and are locally recognised as leaders, queries exist to the extent to which their efforts represent a shift towards greater ownership of developmental processes at local levels or simply reinforce elite capture of ‘local voice’ in the most aid-dependent region in the world. Rather than necessarily offering straightforward answers to questions of legitimacy and elite capture, the example of GGLC demonstrates how complex the notion of locally led development can be in practice.
Effect of Random 3D Correlated Velocity Perturbations on Numerical Modeling of Ground Motion from the Source Physics Experiment
Authors: Scalise Michelle , Pitarka Arben , Louie John N. , Smith Kenneth D.
Published: November 2020

Explosions are traditionally discriminated from earthquakes, using the relative amplitude of compressional and shear waves at regional and teleseismic distances known as the P/S discriminant. Pyle and Walter (2019) showed this technique to be less robust at shorter distances, in detecting small-magnitude earthquakes and low-yield explosions. The disparity is largely due to ground motion from small, shallow sources being significantly impacted by near-surface structural complexities. To understand the implications of wave propagation effects in generation of shear motion and P/S ratio during underground chemical explosions, we performed simulations of the Source Physics Experiment (SPE) chemical explosions using 1D and 3D velocity models of the Yucca Flat basin. All simulations used isotropic point sources in the frequency range 0–5 Hz. We isolate the effect of large-scale geological structure and small-scale variability at shallow depth (<5  km), using a regional 3D geologic framework model (GFM) and the GFM-R model derived from the GFM, by adding correlated stochastic velocity perturbations. A parametric study of effects of small-scale velocity variations on wave propagation, computed using a reference 1D velocity model with stochastic perturbations, shows that the correlation length and depth of stochastic perturbations significantly impact wave scattering, near-surface wave conversions, and shear-wave generation. Comparisons of recorded and simulated waveforms for the SPE-5 explosion, using 3D velocity models, demonstrate that the shallow structure of the Yucca Flat basin contributes to generation of observed shear motion. The inclusion of 3D wave scattering, simulated by small-scale velocity perturbations in the 3D model, improves the fit between the simulated and recorded waveforms. In addition, a relatively low intrinsic attenuation, combined with small-scale velocity variations in our models, can confirm the observed wave trapping and its effect on duration of coda waves and the spatial variation of P/S ratio at basin sites.
Поколение миллениалов в российском обществе: в поисках другой молодежи
Authors: Ядова Майя
Published: November 2020

Опираясь на монографию В.В. Радаева “Миллениалы: как меняется российское общество” (М.: Изд. дом Высшей школы экономики, 2019), автор анализирует отличительные особенности поколения миллениалов, период взросления которого пришелся на 2000-е годы. На примере российских миллениалов показано, что получивший широкую известность концепт “советского простого человека” постепенно уходит в прошлое, и это делает важным создание альтернативных интерпретационных поколенческих схем. Подчеркивается, что на рубеже тысячелетий в России произошел социальный перелом, который обусловил формирование нового, “другого” поколения молодежи, сильно отличающегося от старших возрастных когорт. Рассматриваются сильные и слабые социальные ресурсы и индивидуальные особенности личности, помогающие адаптироваться к стремительно меняющимся социальным условиям. Сравнивая данные собственных социологических исследований с результатами, изложенными в рецензируемой книге, автор размышляет о взглядах и ценностях постсоветской молодежи, ее модернизационном потенциале и адаптивных способностях; оценивает соотношение современных и традиционных компонентов в системах ценностей представителей разных социальных групп молодежи. По мнению автора, при анализе социально-политических изменений, вызванных приходом новых поколений, необходимо учитывать, что постсоветская молодежь как социальная группа внутренне неоднородна и состоит из представителей разных – порой контрастных – подгрупп, различающихся по взглядам, объему социального капитала и особенностям социализационного опыта. Делается вывод, что в будущем при благоприятных внешних условиях отечественное поколение миллениалов может стать силой, способной к реальной социально-политической модернизации российского общества.
INFLUENCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL CURRENT-PHASE RELATION ON CHAOTIC DYNAMICS OF JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS
Authors: ASKERZADE İman
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we study the influence of unconventional current-phase relation (CPR) of Josephson junction on chaotic dynamics. The influence of the second term of CPR on an externally shunted Josephson junction with nonzero inductance has been studied. Using the circuit model, the time-dependent simulations are carried out for a variety of control parameters. It is shown that the presence of the second term on CPR leads to a change in the boundary of the chaotic region in the bifurcation diagram.
Advances of Fluorescent Probes Inbiomedical Science
Authors: Manohar Joshi M , Kumar Azza
Published: November 2020

Fluorescence probes are attracting more and more attentions in biomedical research because of their nontoxicity, sensitivity and accuracy. The advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of fluorescent probes, the research status and the progress of fluorescent labeling in biomedicine are reviewed, and the research trend and application prospect of biofluorescence probe are prospected
Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Technologies Used In The Covid-19 Outbreak Process
Authors: İlkbahar Fatih , Sungu Eylul
Published: November 2020

In the course of the outbreak of coronovirus (Covid-19), which emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, and then spread all over the world, the biggest assistants in the fight against this virus were the technologies which used. Today, the areas where artificial intelligence is applied and the developments in the focus of artificial intelligence lead the technology. With Industry 4.0, there is no need for manpower to meet especially unqualified workforce in many business sectors. The idea of doing things by machines has begun to cause serious changes in the world. In order for the work to be done by the machines, importance has been given to the development of the decision making capabilities of the machines. The decision-making ability of the machines is based on previous periods. The lack of necessary computer hardware parts in testing the hypotheses made in the previous periods caused. It has not been applied in the past due to the high time and cost of hypotheses developed. Today, as a result of the rapid growth of technology, hardware elements with high processing capability can now be obtained at affordable prices. As a result of the acceleration of the developed hardware elements, many methods that took a long time in the past have reached the level that everyone can apply. We observe that what needs to be done for digital transformation in our country has been tested in many sectors. The most basic element for digital transformation is artificial intelligence technology. This is an indication that artificial intelligence technologies have started to be used in many areas of our lives. Accordingly, the use of artificial intelligence technologies in different areas, especially in medicine, played an important role in combating the epidemic during the coronavirus (Covid-19) epidemic process. In this study, the concept of artificial intelligence and the usage areas of artificial intelligence techniques are discussed in the literature section. Then, the applications developed using artificial intelligence technologies during the coronavirus (Covid-19) epidemic process were evaluated and the adequacy of the applications developed by analysing in the method section was discussed.
Children with solid tumors treated in our centre
Authors: Sarbay Hakan , Okumus Mustafa , Sertbas Idris , Hacisalihoglu Uguray Payam , Atay Avni , Malbora Baris
Published: November 2020

Background: General characteristics and responses to treatment of patients with solid tumors were investigated.Methods: Patients treated with a diagnosis of solid tumors in the pediatric hematology and oncology clinic between March 2019 and June 2020 were included in the study. The gender, age, diagnosis, age of diagnosis, risk status, stage, treatment details, and treatment complications of the patients were evaluated. The risk status of the patients was determined according to the stage of each diagnosis, metastasis status and treatment protocol. It was noted whether the patients had undergone surgery or not, and patients who were in-operable were specified. Patients receiving radiotherapy were specified. The chemotherapeutic drugs given to the patients according to the treatment protocols were indicated one by one. Treatment complications or morbidity states were recorded.Results: Out of the 31 patients evaluated, 10 (32%) were female and 21 (68%) were male. The mean±SD age was 6.3±5.16 years. The youngest patient was 3 months old, and the oldest patient was 18 years old. The central nervous system was the most commonly affected area and 7 (22%) of the patients had various CNS tumors. The second most common malignancy is neuroblastoma; 4 patients (12%). Rhabdomyosarcoma and retinoblastoma were the third most common malignancy with 3 patients each. Surgical resection was performed in 19 (61%) patients. Radiotherapy was applied to 13 of the patients (41%).Conclusions: Early diagnosis and detection of the disease at low stage, complete tumor resection are important for the success of treatment.
Relation between the duration of disease and audiogram findings in tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media after myringoplasty
Authors: Ganganamoni Rajamohan , Thejas Saai Ram
Published: November 2020

Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) has been an important cause of hearing loss and ear discharge in people affected by it for a significant time now. Its prevalence is more in developing countries where the socioeconomic status is low. Poor and overcrowded living conditions, poor hygiene and nutrition have been suggested as a basis for the widespread prevalence of CSOM in developing countries. Pure tone audiometry is the easiest and the most basic procedure which needs to be performed on any patient who has history of hearing loss irrespective of the nature of the disease and the cause surrounding it. Every initial evaluation for CSOM should include audiometric testing via air and bone along with pure tone thresholds. Aim of the study was to co-relate the hearing loss to the duration of the disease in the ear in patients with CSOM and to also associate the same to the corresponding hearing changes after myringoplasty.

Methods: Sixty patients were taken to be part of the study after following a strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. With proper consent, they underwent pure tone audiogram and myringoplasty. Their air bone (AC) gap and air conduction (AC) threshold results were tabulated with the duration of the disease and a consensus was reached at.

Results: It was observed that the hearing loss was much lesser if the duration of the disease was lesser than one year.  As the diagnosis was delayed, both the AB gap and mean AC threshold went up. The early closure of the perforation can significantly bridge the AB gap but the same cannot be said about the AC threshold as it seemed to be lesser affected by the duration.

Conclusions: It can thus be concluded that AC threshold is quietly independent of the changes in the diseased middle ear as compared to the AB gap. This makes it a stronger tool in the assessment of hearing. The early diagnosis and management of tubotympanic type of CSOM can not only help in preventing complications but also aid in better hearing protection which in-turn helps in better social survival.
Comparison of two different doses of intrathecal Neostigmine as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia
Authors: Ruparel Dipakkumar H , Dhumane Pradeep , Rathi Ankita
Published: November 2020

Subarachnoid block (SAB) using Bupivacaine lacks postoperative analgesia. Aim of present study was to assess safety and efficacy of 50 µ and 100µ intrathecal Neostigmine for postoperative analgesia.

Ninety patientsof age 18 to 65 were allocated randomly to three groups of 30 each and studied prospectively by double blind controlled trial. Patient posted for lower limb and lower abdominal surgeries were given SAB using 3 ml Bupivacaine 0.5% in group A, 2.9 ml Bupivacaine + 50 µ Neostigmine in B and 2.8 ml Bupivacaine and 100µ Neostigmine in C.

Patients were monitored for onset, regression of sensory and motor block, blood pressure and heart rate. Postoperatively patients were assessed for pain score using visual analogue scale (VAS) and duration of analgesia by rescue analgesia requirement.

90 patients enrolled were analysed. VAS pain score was more in group A compared to B which had higher than group C. Analgesia was prolonged in group C than in B which had better analgesia than group A. Incidence of nausea, vomiting and bradycardia was higher with 100µ Neostigmine than 50 µ.

Intrathecal Neostigmine 50 µ dose as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine is associated with good postoperative analgesia and hemodynamic stability while 100 µ dose was associated with more prolonged analgesia and higher incidence of adverse effects.
Attenuation of haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation a comparative study between I.V. labetalol and I.V. lignocaine
Authors: Korukonda Viditha , Kaladhar S
Published: November 2020

One of the most common procedures performed by the anaesthisiologists is the Endotracheal Intubation. During this procedure, hemodynamic changes, which may be rapid and dramatic and adverse to the patient may occur. Lignocaine is an excellent drug for the attenuation of pressor events and Labetalol is a potent antihypertensive drug.

50 patients between the ages 18 to 60 years who were scheduled for various procedures under general anaesthesia with ASA Grade I status were included into the study and divided into 2 groups of 25 each. One group was given intravenous Labetalol 0.75mg/kg 10 minutes before intubation and the other group received intravenous injection of Lignocaine hydrochloride (without preservative) 2% in a dose of 1.5 mg/kg over a period of 10 seconds, before 90 seconds of laryngoscopy and intubation.

The parameters were lower in Labetalol group (P<0.05) compared to the lignocaine group. The arterial pressures in the Labetalol group attained basal value, and heart rate nearing basal value. The arterial pressures in the Lignocaine group were slightly higher a than basal values and the heart rate is higher than baseline value.

Labetalol given intravenous was more advantageous compared to other methods for attenution of hemodynamic changes after laryngoscopy and intubation as it has a good attenuation of pressor response and heart rate and provides a good intra operative profession against haemodynamics response to surgical stimuli.
A case report of vasopressin induced bradycardia and dyspnea after intramyometrial injection during myomectomy
Authors: Nikhilesh Bokka , Vadhanan Prasanna , Megha Kotha , Tripaty Debendra Kumar
Published: November 2020

Injecting vasopressin intramyometrially reduces bleeding during myomectomy. It is challenging to the anesthesiologist in view of its side effects. Low concentrations of vasopressin has been considered to be safe, but sometimes it can lead to undesirable effects such as bradycardia with loss of peripheral pulse, non recordable blood pressure further leading to cardiac arrest. We report a case history of a patient who had developed bradycardia and dyspnea along with loss of peripheral pulse after local infiltration of 5 unit of vasopressin (20units diluted in 100ml NS), patient was revived by successful resuscitation.
Biodiversidad, patrimonio y cocina. Procesos bioculturales sobre alimentación-nutrición
Authors: Magaña Santiago María de los Angeles
Published: November 2020

Edith Yesenia Peña Sánchez y Lilia Hernández Albarrán (Coord.), Biodiversidad, patrimonio y cocina. Procesos bioculturales sobre alimentación-nutrición, México, Secretaría de Cultura, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 2018, 259 pp.
Contraofensiva neoliberal. La Escuela Austríaca de Economía en el centro estratégico de la disputa
Authors: Rossi Ignacio Andrés
Published: November 2020

María Pula de Büren, Contraofensiva neoliberal. La Escuela Austríaca de Economía en el centro estratégico de la disputa, Buenos Aires, CLACSO, 2020, 337 pp.
COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF LACRIMAL BONE OF BACTRIAN CAMEL
Authors:   FSBEI All-Russian research Institute of biological plant protection, Dnekeshev А.К. , Baitlesov Е.U. ,   FSBEI All-Russian research Institute of biological plant protection
Published: November 2020

Spackled yellows of wheat leaves is caused by pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.). This is a widespread disease and in addition to wheat, the pathogen affects more than 60 species of cereals and wild relatives. The review presents spread of pathogen in the world and in Russia, its biological features and injurousness, which is associated with reduction of yields up to 60% in the years of its epiphytotic development. Special attention is paid to the racial composition of P. tritici-repentis in various geographical zones and the heterogeneity of the distribution of races in the world. The most common races of spacled yellows pathogen are races 1 (Tox A, Tox C), 2 (Tox A), 7 (Tox A, Tox B), 8 (Tox A, Tox B, Tox C). The formation of atypical races that cannot be referred to the existing classification is noted, which indicates high adaptive properties of the phytopathogen. At present, ubiquitousness of fungus, its high adaptive abilities, saturation of crop rotations with grain crops, cultivation of unstable varieties, minimization of soil cultivation and other reasons will contribute to further spread of the harmful disease, which actualizes the need to develop integrated systems for protecting crops from spackled yellows pathogen.
ASSESSMENT OF THE NATURE OF THE MICROCIRCULATORY RESPONSE TO EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL INJURY
Authors:   FSBEI HE « Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Martusevich А.К. , Yepishkina А.А. ,   FSBEI HE Privolzhsky Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dilenyan L.R. ,   FSBEI HE « Privolzhsky Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2020

Burn disease affects the functioning of almost all functional systems, having a negative effect on them due to the development of endotoxicosis and vascular disorders. At the same time, the greatest attention is paid to the shifts that form in the systemic hemodynamics, primarily in the coronary and pulmonary blood flow, which can cause the development and progression of life-threatening conditions. At the same time, the microcirculatory system is also undergoing changes, but these changes have been studied in much less detail. The aim of this research was to study the state of skin microcirculation in healthy and burned rats. The experiment was carried out on 20 adult male Wistar rats divided into two equal groups. The first group of animals (n=10) was a control group (intact), with its representatives there were not any manipulations, except for a single study of the state of microcirculation. Rats of the second (main) group (n=10) were simulated contact thermal burn using their own patented method. The assessment of microcirculation parameters in the main group of animals was carried out by laser Doppler flowmetry on the device "LAKK-M" on the 1st day (2-3 hours after the injury), on the third and tenth days after the burn period. It was found that thermal injury has a negative impact on the microcirculation system, which is seen in a decrease in the intensity of blood flow through small-diameter vessels. This is achieved by reflex vasospasm, reducing the release of nitrogen oxide by endothelial cells and activating precapillary sphincters, and simultaneously activating the shunting ways of cardiac shunt from the arterial directly to the venous channel, bypassing the capillaries. Thus, in the post-thermal period, a compensatory "robbing phenomenon" is realized in the border zone of the burn, which requires pathogenetic correction.
RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING POTATO TUBERS AND CARROT ROOT CROPS USING ULTRASOUND
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Zyalalov Sh.R. , Dezhatkina V.S. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Sharonina N.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: November 2020

The manifestation of mineral deficiency in the body of animals contributes to a decrease in their productivity and the development of diseases such as perversion and loss of appetite, anemia, endemic goiter, rickets, and osteoporosis. One of the ways to solve the problem of mineral insufficiency is the scientific search and development of advanced formula of feed additives based on natural minerals processed by high technologies. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using modified diatomite as a feed additive for dairy cows. The exeriment was carried out in Ulyanovsk region during 100 days. We formed groups of animals of 50 cows, the 1st group (control) did not receive additives, but only a household diet, in the 2nd group an additive based on modified diatomite was additionally introduced into the diet in a mixture with feed at the rate of 250 g/head/day, . For the physiological experiment, 5 cows were selected by the method of pairs of analogues. It was established that the introduction of additives based on modified diatomite into the diet of cows improves the morphological composition of their blood. Intake of the additive increases milk yield by 24.7% at p<0.05, the amount of milk fat by 16.2 % compared to the control. The effect of afteraction after stopping feeding the additive was revealed. The use of an additive based on a modified mineral is a cost-effective measure that reduces feed costs and gets additional profit. The average daily yield of natural milk increased by 8.2 % for 1 ruble, and a profit of 4.30 rubles was received . There was a decrease in feed costs for the production of 1 kg of natural milk, up to 0.85.
RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING POTATO TUBERS AND CARROT ROOT CROPS USING ULTRASOUND
Authors:   FSBSI Federal agricultural research centre ARM, Dorokhov A.S. , Aksenov A.G. ,   FSBSI Federal agricultural research centre ARM, Sibirev A.V.
Published: November 2020

The most promising of the known ways to reduce the content of soil bolsters during machine harvesting of tuberous roots should be considered pre-harvest moisturization of the soil layer in which the tuberous root are located. This significantly reduces the content of soil impurities in harvested tuberous roots. However, atomized spray of water, even under pressure, is not able to ensure its instant flow to the depth of tuberous roots and, moreover, to moisten the soil to the state that provides further intensification of the process of separation of tuberous roots from soil bolsters that are comparable to them. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to provide an intensification of the water spraying process by one of the methods of physical influence, which provides instant soil moisture to the depth of tuberous roots. The article presents instrumentation for research of technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment on the quality of the cleaning roots crops from soil impurities, the method and results of laboratory studies of ultrasound effect on the cleaning process of potato tubers of the "Red Scarlet" variety and carrot root crops of «Shantane» variety . The optimal parameters of ultrasound influence that intensifies the process of cleaning root crops from soil impurities were determined. The results of comparative laboratory studies of cleaning potato tubers and carrot root crops from various root crops on the physical and mechanical composition of soil impurities (sandy loams and loam soils) allow us to conclude that the best indicators of intensification of ultrasonic influence with increase in the completeness of cleaning, despite the weight and type of contamination, are observed when processing carrot root crops, the completeness of cleaning is on average higher by 13...20 %.
INFLUENCE OF DURATION OF INTER-SPAWNING PERIOD ON THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF CAVIAR
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Lyubomirova V. N. , Romanova Е. М. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Romanov V.V. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Shlenkina Т. М. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: November 2020

The work is devoted to the study of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of African sharptooth catfish caviar produced at different periods of the inter-spawning interval, obtained artificially under the influence of reproductive hormones. In industrial aquaculture, the African catfish does not reproduce naturally, so the problem of obtaining high-quality caviar suitable for artificial insemination is relevant. To carry out the reproductive process in fish in industrial aquaculture, it is necessary to choose the right sex hormone and its dose. Sex hormones affect the duration of the inter-spawning interval and the quality of eggs obtained for fertilization and for food purposes. The pituitary gland of the African sharptooth catfish and surfagon were used as gamatogenesis stimulators. The study aim was to empirically select the optimal duration of inter-spawning interval and type of hormonal stimulator that provides caviar maturation in the conditions of industrial aquaculture. The results of research have shown that the use of fresh or acetonated catfish as a pituitary hormone stimulator is more effective than the use of synthetic hormone preparation surfagon. Stimulation of acetonated pituitary gland by injection reduces the interspawning interval to three months, and the use of surfagon extends inter-spawning interval to four months. The reduction of inter-spawning interval plays an important role in the realization of technology for the production of African sharptooth catfish caviar for food purposes. Using a shorter inter-spawning interval, even against hormonal stimulants, does not allow you to get high-quality eggs that meet the requirements.
SELECTIVE- GENETIC PARAMETERS AND EVALUATION OF PHENOTYPIC VARIATION ACCORDING TO THE RANGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC FACTORS OF ECONOMIC TRAITS OF AYSIRE BREED COWS
Authors:   All-Russian research institute of genetics and breeding of farm animals – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution «Federal Research centre of cattle breeding – VIZh named after member of academy L. К. Ernst», Arlimova Е.V. , Smotrova Е.А. ,   All-Russian research institute of genetics and breeding of farm animals – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution «Federal Research centre of cattle breeding – VIZh named after member of academy L. К. Ernst»
Published: November 2020

Actuality of research data is in contribution rate of growth of genetic progress according to main economic traits in Ayshire populations at the cost of conducting correlative- regression analysis and study of influence factors, as a preparatory phase in development of selection index for selection of animal units into selected groups. Study sample of cow heifers (n=12821), which are offsprings of 232 servicing bulls from 13 farms, is modified to normal distribution with the help of R-studio program (on control of events, emergence, removal of empty and impossible values). Calculation and analysis of selective- genetic parameters of economic traits are conducted, and also impact assessment of genetic and paratypic factors on realization of economic traits of local cattle population of Ayshire breed in Leningrad region for the period from 2014 to 2018. Animal milk production was 6848 kg with fat mass percentage and protein 4,07 and 3,29 %. We established lowering of MOP duration and reproductivity coefficient and fertility index (RC and FI). Multiregressional model was formed including into formula percentage of fat, protein, live weight and service period. It was established that with fat increase for 1 % milk yield will decrease by 15,3 kg, but with increase of protein on the same value- for 107,8 kg of milk. The most accurate influence on studied economic traits had father factor (14,97 – 41,58% ***). Consequently, with the aim to achieve positive result in population development of Ayshire cattle it is necessary to use bulls, having high genetic potential of milk yield and reproductive qualities.
PROCESS MODELING OF THE FIRST MECHANICAL CROP TENDING OF CULTIVATED CROP IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors:   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU, Zykin Е. S. , Kurdyumov V. I. ,   FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU
Published: November 2020

Conducted analysis of calculation methods of estimated figures of facilities for crop tending of cultivated crop according to hilled technology showed that in the theories of determination of geometrical dimensions and shapes of working parts surfaces of inter-row cultivator now some points are left, which are not solved . Besides, obtained data from studies of many scientists can be applied to new working tool with flat discs for inter-row cultivator. Consequently, additional theoretical and empirical support of optimal constructive-operating conditions of above mentioned working tools of inter-row cultivator is demanded. For mechanized crop tending of cultivated crop according to hilled technology we offered working tool of inter-row cultivator with flat disc, set for native or foreign inter- row cultivator. Offered working tool of cultivator will allow to clip off pest in seed inter rows of cultivated plants, and also dust not cut pests on the flanks of ridges and between culms of cultivated crop on upper base of soil rigs . In the article process of formation of secondary soil rigs by working tools with flat discs during modeling the first mechanized crop tending of cultivated crops in laboratory conditions is observed. Considering agrotechnical requirements and physical mechanical properties of soil, reference profile of soil rigs is accepted, forming during mechanized crop tending, which conditionally can accept as ideal, and an original optimization criterion . After practical realization of research in soil box and statistical treatment of obtained data fit equations were got, in which independent factors of process took the form of natural and coded levels. It was found out that speed change of cultivator moving within 1,2...2,4 m/s, angled к of flat disk approach angle from 5º to 20º, increases the range of soil throwing away and width of soil dust on the flanks and upper base of the first soil rigs (kсэ → max). At the angle of  attack of flat discs within 25º...30º and cultivator conveying speed from1,2 m/s to 1,6 m/s there is growth of width of dusted layers hпр, an coefficient kсэ is maximum (kсэ = 0,98 with diameter of flat discs 0,3 m).