bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In situ constructed bimetallic sulfide heterostructures on 3D graphene for efficient lithium storage
Authors: Wang Xiuzhen , Cai Yangbo , Wu Chenyu , Kong Wei , Wei Tao
Published: June 2024

The ultra-fine multicomponent heterogeneous SnS/CoS@rGO materials have rapid transfer kinetics and structural stability, exhibiting excellent rates and cycling performances.
Pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization: a comprehensive Floquet description
Authors: Camenisch Gian-Marco , Wili Nino , Jeschke Gunnar , Ernst Matthias
Published: June 2024

Matrix-based Floquet theory is used to analyze and describe pulsed DNP experiments such as XiX, TOP and TPPM sequences. We find that the transition amplitude of those pulsed DNP experiments scale inversely with the external magnetic field.
Correction: Molybdenum-maltolate as a molybdopterin mimic for bioinspired oxidation reaction
Authors: Pawar Swapnil S. , Ketkar Rohit N. , Gaware Pranav B. , Jagushte Kaustubh U. , Dhawne Divyani , Save Shreyada N. , Sharma Shilpy , Periyasamy Ganga , Chimthanawala Niyamat , Sathaye Sadhana , Joshi Shreerang V. , Sadhukhan Nabanita
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Molybdenum-maltolate as a molybdopterin mimic for bioinspired oxidation reaction’ by Swapnil S. Pawar et al., Dalton Trans., 2024, 53, 5770–5774, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3DT04296K.
Halide-sulfide bilayer electrolytes for LiFePO4-based all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Zhang Guoyao , Shi Xixi , Su Qili , Sun Yiming , Lu Yong , Liu Kai , Li Zhe , Liu Haijing , Zhang Lianqi
Published: June 2024

In pursuit of cost-effectiveness and stability of batteries, halide-sulfide bilayer electrolyte is designed for LFP-based ASSLBs, aiming to achieve favorable interfacial compatibilities with both the LFP cathode and Li-In alloy anode.
Correction: CO2-derived non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) and their potential applications
Authors: Turnaturi Rita , Zagni Chiara , Patamia Vincenzo , Barbera Vincenzina , Floresta Giuseppe , Rescifina Antonio
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘CO2-derived non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) and their potential applications’ by Rita Turnaturi et al., Green Chem., 2023, 25, 9574–9602, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC02796A.
Standardization of microwave-assisted extraction procedures for characterizing non-labile metallic nanoparticles in environmental solid samples by means of single particle ICP-MS
Authors: Gómez-Pertusa Carlos , García-Poyo M. Carmen , Grindlay Guillermo , Pedraza Ricardo , Yañez M. Adela , Gras Luis
Published: June 2024

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) treatments seem to be a promising sample preparation strategy to isolate nanomaterials (NMs) from environmental samples prior to single particle inductively coupled plasma mass (spICP-MS) determination.
Applying local interpretable model-agnostic explanations to identify substructures that are responsible for mutagenicity of chemical compounds
Authors: Rosa Lucca Caiaffa Santos , Pimentel Andre Silva
Published: June 2024

“The study identifies more specific chemical fragments responsible for mutagenicity in human beings, aiding in chemical safety evaluation, and health and environmental risk assessment”.
Sonochemically induced cube-shaped NiFe2O4 nanoparticle-catalyzed selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde
Authors: Iraqui Saddam , Kalita Babul , Rashid Md. Harunar
Published: June 2024

A base-free protocol for NiFe2O4 NP-catalysed selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under sonochemical conditions at room temperature is reported.
Large-area grown ultrathin molybdenum oxides for label-free sensitive biomarker detection
Authors: Zhang Jiaru , Luan Yange , Ma Qijie , Hu Yihong , Ou Rui , Szydzik Crispin , Yang Yunyi , Trinh Vien , Ha Nam , Zhang Zhenyue , Ren Guanghui , Jia Hu Jun , Zhang Bao Yue , Ou Jian Zhen
Published: June 2024

A molybdenum oxide (MoOx)-interdigitated electrode (IDE)-based label-free biosensing chip, functionalized with anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies via APTES, achieves a wide range and low limit of detection for CEA.
Rethinking the stability of metal nanoclusters: the individual versus the collective
Authors: Zhang Di , Pan Peiyao , Du Xiaoqin , Kang Xi , Zhu Manzhou
Published: June 2024

This work demonstrated that the stability of a nanocluster-based crystalline system should be assessed from both the cluster individual and the cluster collective aspects.
Using a dual-site substitution strategy to inhibit staircase-like electrochemical profiles for high-performance Na-ion battery cathodes
Authors: Luo Kun , Li Wenhui , Jiang Yang , Song Houze
Published: June 2024

The dual-site substitution strategy is utilized in improving the electrochemical behaviors of layered oxide cathodes and provides a synergistic modification method to achieve high-performance layered cathodes for Na-ion batteries.
Synthesis of polysubstituted fused pyrrolidines via [2 + 2]/[2 + 3] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides
Authors: Ou Chunyan , Wang Jian , Yin Pingping , Chen Bin , Hu Ping , Wang Bi-Qin , Cao Peng , Xu Minghui
Published: June 2024

A general approach via [2 + 2]/[2 + 3] cycloaddition is elaborated for the preparation of densely substituted 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.
Correction: Targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in lung and colon cancers: synthesis, antitumor evaluation of new 1,2,4-oxdiazoles tethered 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Ayoup Mohammed Salah , Shawki Islam , Abdel-Hamid Hamida , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Masoud Aliaa , Harras Marwa F. , El-Atawy Mohamed , Alharbi Nuha Salamah , Ismail Magda M. F.
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Targeting EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in lung and colon cancers: synthesis, antitumor evaluation of new 1,2,4-oxdiazoles tethered 1,2,3-triazoles’ by Mohammed Salah Ayoup et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 16713–16726, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA02222J.
Boosting oxygen evolution with electrodes composed of metal sulfides and hydrogen bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Naz Hina , Ali Rai Nauman , Qureshi Waqar Ahmad , Ali Amjad , Albert Nyaaba Akeno , Zhu Guoxing
Published: June 2024

Metal sulfides and HOFs are synthesized through a MTC approach, offering enhanced electrocatalytic performance, with a remarkably low overpotential and a Tafel slope.
Colloidal bubble propulsion mediated through viscous flows
Authors: Chamolly Alexander , Michelin Sébastien , Lauga Eric
Published: June 2024

A diffusive-hydrodynamic theory explains the mechanism of and conditions for colloidal bubble propulsion.
Correction: Surface mobility gradient and emergent facilitation in glassy films
Authors: Zhai Qiang , Gao Xin-Yuan , Lee Chun-Shing , Ong Chin-Yuan , Yan Ke , Deng Hai-Yao , Yang Sen , Lam Chi-Hang
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Surface mobility gradient and emergent facilitation in glassy films’ by Qiang Zhai et al., Soft Matter, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SM00221K.
Targeting the endothelium by combining endothelin-1 antagonism and SGLT-2 inhibition: better together?
Authors: Ambery Phil , Greasley Peter J. , Menzies Robert I. , Brynne Lena , Kulkarni Spoorthy , Oscarsson Jan , Davenport Anthony P.
Published: June 2024

Endothelin A and B receptors, together with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) channels are important targets in improving endothelial function and intervention with inhibitors has been the subject of multiple mechanistic and clinical outcome trials over recent years. Notable successes include the treatment of pulmonary hypertension with endothelin receptor antagonists, and the treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease with SGLT-2 inhibitors. With distinct and complementary mechanisms, in this review, we explore the logic of combination therapy for a number of diseases which have endothelial dysfunction at their heart.
The Acceptability of Relationship-Centered Communication Partner Training for Couples Impacted by Aphasia: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Investigation
Authors: Pertab Kathryn-Anne , Harmon Tyson G. , Sandberg Jonathan , Pertab Jon L. , Evans William S.
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

This study explored the acceptability and impact of relationship-centered communication partner training (RC-CPT) in couples impacted by aphasia. In particular, couples considered whether discussing their relationship roles and responsibilities was important and relevant to the changes they desire. Preliminary quasi-experimental data regarding perceived communication confidence and the marriage relationship were also obtained.

Method:

Three couples participated in RC-CPT across two sessions. Surveys were used to measure communication confidence and the marital relationship before and after participation in RC-CPT. The quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Couples also participated in a semistructured interview about the acceptability of RC-CPT during a third session. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using reflexive codebook analysis.

Results:

Quantitative data indicated that participants generally maintained or improved self-rated accessibility, responsiveness, engagement, conflict resolution, and communication within their marriage after participating in RC-CPT. Additionally, individuals with aphasia demonstrated enhanced communication confidence scores. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (a) Impact on Communication, (b) Impact on Relationship, and (c) Impact on Psychosocial Well-Being. Feedback from participants regarding future development was also included.

Conclusions:

The convergence of quantitative and qualitative data supports the conclusion that couples experienced positive changes in their communication, relationship, and psychosocial well-being during the intervention, suggesting that RC-CPT has the potential to positively impact both communicative and psychosocial effects of aphasia on couples. Moreover, this study highlights the promise of RC-CPT as a relationship-centered counseling tool, warranting further exploratory and experimental research.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25937383
Joint optimization of deployment, user association, channel, and resource allocation for fairness‐aware multi‐UAV network
Authors: Sun Weihao , Wang Hai , Qin Zhen , Qin Zichao
Published: June 2024

This paper studies the problem of joint deployment, user association, channel, and resource allocation in unmanned aerial vehicle‐enabled access network. Since different user equipments performing different tasks and have different data rate requirements, the priority‐based traffic fairness problem is investigated. This problem, however, is a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem with NP‐hard complexity, making it challenging to be solved. To address this issue, a self‐organized and distributed framework “sense‐as‐you‐fly” based on the decomposition process, which divides the original problem into several subproblems, is proposed. Assuming without central controller, we derive the closed‐form resource allocation scheme and propose distributed many‐to‐one matching to optimize user association subproblem. Considering the coupled characteristics, the multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle deployment and channel allocation subproblems are modelled as a local altruistic game. The existence of Nash equilibrium is proved with the aid of exact potential game and efficient best response learning‐based algorithm is proposed. The original problem is finally addressed by solving the sub‐problems alternately and iteratively. Simulation results verify its effectiveness. By jointly optimizing multidimensional variables, the proposed algorithm unlocks network performance gains, especially in resource‐limited regimes.
Analysis of capacitive discharges in motor bearings under different operation conditions
Authors: Jammoul Sara , Pusca Remus , Romary Raphael , Lefevre Guillaume , Voyer Nicolas , Mariani Guilherme Bueno
Published: June 2024

Despite being a well‐known problem, bearing faults are still one of the major challenges that the industry face. The growing use of voltage source inverters imposed the alertness of possible bearing damage due to their high‐frequency signals. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of capacitive discharges on a rolling element bearing to obtain a series of faulty bearings with different deterioration levels. An ageing test bench is built to generate bearing roughness using Electric Discharge Machining. The purpose is to study the effect of operation conditions, such as frequency of drive, amplitude of shaft voltage, radial load level as well as rotational speed, on the capacitive discharge occurrence within the bearing. Having the desire to further understand this phenomenon, the influence of each parameter on the discharge activity and the discharge waveform is analysed. A worst‐case scenario is conducted and applied to a series of bearings. Finally, the bearing damage is examined, and a quantitative fault detection method is presented based on a microscopic inspection of the bearing's surface.
A novel jittered‐carrier phase‐shifted sine pulse width modulation for cascaded H‐bridge converter
Authors: Luo Dan , Lin Dong , Zhang Wenzhong , Lian Wenwu
Published: June 2024

Carrier phase‐shifted sine pulse width modulation is a common modulation strategy for medium‐ and low‐voltage cascaded H‐bridges (CHB). This paper proposes a novel jittered‐carrier phase‐shifted sine pulse width modulation (JCPS‐SPWM) to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the converter. It makes the carrier jitter regularly while the total switching times remain unchanged, which reduces the THD of the bridge arm voltage and current by moving the low‐order output harmonics of the bridge arm voltage and current to filterable high‐order harmonics. Since the total number of switching times remains unchanged, this modulation strategy will not cause any increase in switching loss. A seven‐level CHB simulation model and an experimental prototype are built to verify the effectiveness of the approach. The results show that harmonic content can be reduced by 47.5% compared with the traditional method, thus verifying the effectiveness of the JCPS‐SPWM.
Well-posedness for a transmission problem connecting first and second-order operators
Authors: Chang-Lara Héctor A.
Published: June 2024

We establish the existence and uniqueness of viscosity solutions within a domain Ω ⊆ ℝn for a class of equations governed by elliptic and eikonal type equations in disjoint regions. Our primary motivation stems from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation that arises in the context of a stochastic optimal control problem.
Research on the Perception and Dissemination of Tourist Attraction Images in Tourist Cities under Cross-Cultural Backgrounds: Data from International Tourists’ Online Reviews
Authors: Fan Qianqian
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the perception and dissemination strategies of tourist images in tourist cities from the perspective of international tourists with cross-cultural characteristics, coming from different countries. It selects 13 tourist cities in Jiangsu Province, China, as case studies. By analyzing online review data from international tourists entering the country, the study examines both positive and negative perceptions of tourist attraction images. The results reveal that the language and volume of the reviews reflect the origins and scale of the international tourists, while the content of these reviews indicates their preferences for tourist attractions. A comparative analysis of the review data suggests that there are differences in the perceived images of tourist cities. The conclusions of this study suggest that tourism city managers, tourism business operators, and local residents can make efforts to improve the city’s tourism development. These improvements can be achieved by utilizing international media platforms to disseminate tourism images, enhancing the quality of tourist attraction operations, and strengthening cultural exchanges in tourism.
How to promote urban employment in the process of local transformation and upgrading? -- Analysis based on principal component regression
Authors: Jing Qian
Published: June 2024

The possible unemployment in the process of industrial upgrading may affect the improvement of residents’ well-being, so it is very necessary to study its influencing factors. Based on time series data from 2000 to 2019, this paper selects indicators that may affect urban labor employment from three dimensions: economic growth, structural change and technological progress, and further analyzes the factors affecting urban labor employment through principal component regression on this basis. The empirical results show that although economic growth factors can also have a positive effect on urban labor employment, its impact is not significant compared with the other two types of factors. Therefore, the government should combine various measures to promote employment, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of industrial structure at the same time, increase investment in independent research and development, improve the level of technological innovation, and should also focus on improving the quality of workers.
Research on the connectivity of port infrastructure along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
Authors: Ma Mingxin , Liang Jing
Published: June 2024

The connectivity construction of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century has created more opportunities for trade and further promoted maritime trade among countries along the route. As an important hub of the maritime connectivity network, the construction of port infrastructure connectivity is of great significance. Taking the port infrastructure of 30 countries along the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road as an example, this paper analyzes the current state of port connectivity construction in China. It identifies that the port infrastructure connectivity between China and Southeast Asia is the most developed and establishes an indicator system for evaluating the potential for port infrastructure connectivity. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), it is found that Germany, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and other countries have relatively high port infrastructure connectivity potential. Finally, suggestions are put forward: China should strengthen the connectivity construction of port infrastructure with Europe and prioritize policy exchanges with Germany to align port development strategies and enhance bilateral maritime trade by establishing complementary trade chains.
The Evolution of Pop Art and Its Application to the Urban Landscape —— The example of the landscape design work of Martha Schwartz
Authors: Zhu Bing
Published: June 2024

Taking the development of Pop Art to Post Pop Art as a clue, the urban landscape has gradually given city dwellers different sensory experiences and begun to lead people’s lifestyles. Few people have collated the correlation between the evolution of Pop Art and the landscape design works of Martha Schwartz, and there is no systematic study of Pop Art landscape on urban development. Through the analysis of different design techniques in early Pop Art, New Pop Art and Post Pop Art, and the in-depth analysis of Martha Schwartz who is the representative figure of Pop Art landscape, the influence of Pop Art landscape on urban development is excavated. The study summarizes systematic theories and design methods, and provides ideas for future innovation in urban landscape design.
Knowledge Visualization in Outdoor Thermal Environment Studies: A Comprehensive Review and International Comparison
Authors: Zheng Zhiheng , Wan Jun
Published: June 2024

This review highlights the escalating challenges of outdoor thermal discomfort and urban heat islands due to urbanization and climate change, impacting sustainability and health. Analyzing global research trends, it reveals methodological differences between Chinese and Western scholars, with the former focusing more on quantitative analysis and the latter on diverse approaches including adaptation strategies. It underscores the importance of using emerging technologies like GIS, AI, and remote sensing for precise mapping, scenario modeling, and environmental monitoring. These tools offer innovative, data-driven solutions for urban planning, essential for addressing thermal impacts. The paper calls for enhanced Sino-Western cooperation and interdisciplinary research to develop context-specific, sustainable strategies for improving urban thermal environments.
Research on the implied carbon measurement and structural decomposition technology of power grid engineering based on structural analysis method
Authors: Ke Ye , Zeng Cong , Zhu Xuemei , Wang Ying , Lin Jiawei
Published: June 2024

At present, with the development of “double-carbon”, it has an important impact on the investment form of the power grid, and the emerging investment objects continue to expand, and the new investment management mode is constantly highlighted. In this context, in-depth research is carried out on the total factor carbon measurement of new power system construction projects, and the total factor measurement framework system and technical method are put forward, which is conducive to improving the efficiency and efficiency level of investment control of power grid enterprises. Therefore, this paper puts forward the implicit carbon measurement and structure decomposition technology of power grid engineering based on structural analysis method, which provides support and reference for project type division and scientific decision-making under the new situation of power grid enterprises.
IT-Angriffe an Kliniken
Authors: Pfenninger Ernst , Königsdorfer Manuel
Published: June 2024

Kliniken gehören per definitionem zur kritischen Infrastruktur eines Landes. Vermehrt
sind in den vergangenen Jahren Krankenhäuser Ziel von Hackerangriffen mit der Folge
einer wochen- bis sogar monatelangen Beeinträchtigung ihrer Handlungsfähigkeit geworden.
Gemäß der „Nationalen Strategie zum Schutz Kritischer Infrastrukturen
(KRITIS-Strategie)“ sind Kliniken gesetzlich verpflichtet, dagegen Vorsorge zu treffen.
Dazu sollten IT-abhängige Prozesse in einer Klinik evaluiert, definiert und
Ausfallkonzepte erarbeitet werden, um auf einen Cyberangriff vorbereitet zu sein.
Spezifisch auf einen EDV-Ausfall zugeschnittene Notfallpläne sollten in allen
IT-abhängigen Bereichen einer Klinik erstellt und vorgehalten werden. Zudem sollten
papierbasierte Ersatzlösungen, wie z. B. Anforderungsbelege für Diagnostik- oder
Konsilleistungen, abteilungsspezifische Notfalldokumente und
Patientendokumentationskurven an einem gut zugänglichen und den Mitarbeitenden des
jeweiligen Bereichs bekannten Ort vorgehalten werden. Die vollständige Wiederherstellung
eines Kliniknetzwerks nach einem Cyberangriff erfordert häufig eine umfassende
Wiederherstellung zahlreicher IT-Systeme. Dies kann u. U. Wochen bis Monate dauern. Wenn
das Krankenhaus über solide Pläne zur Cyber-Notfallvorsorge verfügt, die regelmäßige
Scans und Backups in Echtzeit umfassen, können eine Stabilisierung und ein schnelleres
Wiederanlaufen des Betriebs möglich sein.
“Unveiling Unique Pathologies in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Two Intriguing Case Reports”
Authors: Baptista Peter M. , O'connor Carlos , Altoron Mahran , Rodriguez-Alcala Laura , Plaza-Mayor Guillermo
Published: June 2024

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often associated with reduced pharyngeal muscle tone and an anatomically narrowed pharyngeal airspace. We try to describe two cases with OSA that were diagnosed with vascular lesions during DISE: One of them was an aberrant internal carotid artery, and the second one was a glomus tumor. These anatomic anomalies contribute to airspace narrowing in these patients. These two cases describe an exciting presentation of sleep apnea and remind us of the importance of clinically recognizing vascular alterations to avoid damage during routine oropharyngeal procedures.
Phase properties of the mean-field Ising model with three-spin interaction
Authors: Osabutey Godwin
Published: June 2024

The equilibrium and phase properties of the Ising model with three-spin interaction and an external field are studied within the framework of mean-field approximation. The thermodynamic properties of the model reveals two coexistence curves, signifying two distinct second-order phase transitions, dependent on the domain of the interaction parameter. The critical exponents of the magnetic order parameter are calculated in all directions of the phase space and show their agreement with the mean-field universality class.
Magneto-optical efficiencies combined with surface-plasmon resonance in FeSi/Au system
Authors: Yasukawa Yukiko , Itoh Masaki , Sugita Ryo , Yamane Haruki
Published: June 2024

We designed and fabricated our original laminated materials that simultaneously exhibited different properties: magneto-optical (MO), i.e., the transverse MO Kerr effects (T-MOKE) and surface-plasmon resonance (SPR). The material design was composed of dielectric, magnetic, and noble-metal layers. We selected the soft-magnetic FeSi thin film as a T-MOKE magnetic layer, while an Au thin film was chosen as a SPR-source layer, creating an FeSi-/Au-based “MO-SPR material.” Strong interactions between T-MOKE and SPR were demonstrated. When the material is irradiated with a laser beam of wavelength 660 nm, at the SPR angle to the material, θR, the highest T-MOKE value was attained. The T-MOKE was markedly enhanced at θR: ∼32 to ∼84 times higher compared with the FeSi single layer (reference). The T-MOKE was amplified by a strong interaction between MO activities and electromagnetic field distributions. The FeSi (5.0 nm)/Au (14.8 nm) specimen achieved the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The sample was then tested for its sensing efficiency by measuring the T-MOKE using distilled water and a glucose solution, respectively: It was possible to distinguish between two different solutions. Our MO-SPR materials utilizing both magnetism and near-field light are thus sufficiently sensitive to be applicable as sensing materials. Furthermore, the polarity of the T-MOKE signal is flipped under the application of a small, external magnetic field owing to the soft magnetism of the FeSi T-MOKE layer. This is highly advantageous to create high-frequency AC-magnetic synchronized T-MOKE sensing systems with low-power consumption.
Magnetic field mapping along a NV-rich nanodiamond-doped fiber
Authors: Filipkowski Adam , Mrózek Mariusz , Stępniewski Grzegorz , Ficek Mateusz , Pysz Dariusz , Gawlik Wojciech , Buczyński Ryszard , Wojciechowski Adam , Klimczak Mariusz
Published: June 2024

Integration of NV−-rich diamond with optical fibers enables guiding quantum information on the spin state of the NV− color center. Diamond-functionalized optical fiber sensors have been demonstrated with impressive sub-nanotesla magnetic field sensitivities over localized magnetic field sources, but their potential for distributed sensing remains unexplored. The volumetric incorporation of diamonds into the optical fiber core allows developing fibers sensitive to the magnetic field over their entire length. Theoretically, this makes distributed optical readout of small magnetic fields possible, but does not answer questions on the addressing of the spatial coordinate, i.e., the location of the field source, nor on the performance of a sensor where the NV− fluorescence is detected at one end, thereby integrating over color centers experiencing different field strength and microwave perturbation. Here, we demonstrate distributed magnetic field measurements using a step-index fiber with the optical core volumetrically functionalized with NV− diamonds. A microwave antenna on a translation stage is scanned along a 13 cm long section of a straight fiber. The NV− fluorescence is collected at the fiber's far end relative to the laser pump input end. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectra were recorded at the fiber output for every step of the antenna travel, revealing the magnetic field evolution along the fiber and indicating the magnetic field source location. The longitudinal distribution of the magnetic field along the fiber is detected with high accuracy. The simplicity of the demonstrated sensor would be useful for, e.g., magnetic-field mapping of photonics- and/or spintronics-based integrated circuits.
Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy of the 13C- and 18O-substituted tropolone. Proton tunneling effect for the isotopic species with the asymmetric potential wells
Authors: Tanaka Keiichi , Harada Kensuke , Watanabe Yoshihiro , Endo Yasuki
Published: June 2024

Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy has been applied for the 13C/18O-substituted tropolone to observe tunneling-rotation transitions as well as pure rotational transitions. The tunneling-rotation transitions were observed between the 13C-4 and -6 forms as well as between 13C-3 and -7, between 13C-1 and -2, and between 18O-8 and -9 (we denote these tunneling pairs as 13C-46, etc., below) although they have an asymmetric tunneling potential due to the difference in the zero point energy (ZPE). From the observed tunneling splittings ΔEij (0.9800–1.6824 cm−1), the differences in ZPE Δij for the 13C-46, -37, -12, and 18O-89 species are derived to be −0.1104, 0.5652, −1.3682, and 1.3897 cm−1 to agree well with the DFT calculation. The state mixing ratio of the tunneling states decreases drastically from (44%:56%) to (8.7%:91.3%) for 13C-46 and 18O-89 with an increase in the asymmetry Δij of the tunneling potential function. The observed tunneling-rotation interaction constants Fij decrease from 16.001 to 9.224 cm−1 as the differences in ZPE Δij increase, while the diagonal tunneling-rotation interaction constants Fu increase from 1.767 to 13.70 cm−1, explained well by the mixing ratio of the tunneling states.
Coupling polyatomic molecules to lossy nanocavities: Lindblad vs Schrödinger description
Authors: Fábri Csaba , Császár Attila G. , Halász Gábor J. , Cederbaum Lorenz S. , Vibók Ágnes
Published: June 2024

The use of cavities to impact molecular structure and dynamics has become popular. As cavities, in particular plasmonic nanocavities, are lossy and the lifetime of their modes can be very short, their lossy nature must be incorporated into the calculations. The Lindblad master equation is commonly considered an appropriate tool to describe this lossy nature. This approach requires the dynamics of the density operator and is thus substantially more costly than approaches employing the Schrödinger equation for the quantum wave function when several or many nuclear degrees of freedom are involved. In this work, we compare numerically the Lindblad and Schrödinger descriptions discussed in the literature for a molecular example where the cavity is pumped by a laser. The laser and cavity properties are varied over a range of parameters. It is found that the Schrödinger description adequately describes the dynamics of the polaritons and emission signal as long as the laser intensity is moderate and the pump time is not much longer than the lifetime of the cavity mode. Otherwise, it is demonstrated that the Schrödinger description gradually fails. We also show that the failure of the Schrödinger description can often be remedied by renormalizing the wave function at every step of time propagation. The results are discussed and analyzed.
Parameters of dust particle chains levitated vertically in a gas discharge plasma
Authors: Fedoseev A. V. , Salnikov M. V. , Vasiliev M. M. , Petrov O. F.
Published: June 2024

The structural parameters of the dust particle chains suspended vertically in the electric field of a gas discharge are studied here. The investigations are performed by a numerical multi-block model based on a mean field approximation. The model describes the movement of ions and dust particles under the action of an external electric field, the electric field (Coulomb) of each charged dust particle, and the field of bulk plasma charge (ions and electrons) that screens the charges of dust particles. The gravity and the ion drag forces acting on the dust particles are also taken into account. Self-consistent chain parameters are calculated and compared for different number (1, 3, 5, and 7) and two different diameters (3.4 and 8.94 mcm) of dust particles in the chains. It is shown that an “ion wake” is formed behind the dust structures, and it grows with the number of dust particles and their size. With an increase in the number of dust particles in the chain, the charge of the first (top) dust particle increases. In the case of small dust particles, with an addition of new particles into the chain, the centers of the chains almost remain at the position of a single particle in the vertical direction. The chains of big dust particles move as a whole down in the direction of gravity with an increase in the number of particles.
Temporal variations in NO, N2O, and NO2 generation in filament-induced atmospheric plasmas
Authors: Huang Qian , Deng Lunhua , Wang Luping , Qiu Xuanbing , Li Chuanliang , Zhang Sanjun
Published: June 2024

Ultra-short pulse lasers generate filaments in air, inducing changes in molecular concentration and the formation of new molecules. However, our understanding of the specific chemical reactions triggered by these filaments remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the NxOy species produced by femtosecond laser filaments in a sealed chamber. We employed mid-infrared laser spectroscopy to analyze the resulting products over the reaction time. The research revealed that filament plasma generates NO, N2O, and NO2. Notably, N2O was detected for the first time in filament plasmas generated in the air. The production of NxOy species depends on the initial pressure and is influenced by factors such as plasma properties and molecular collisions. We measured the equilibrium concentrations of NO, N2O, and NO2 under atmospheric conditions, finding them to be 67, 38, and 518 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, comparative experiments conducted in zero air illustrated significantly higher concentrations of NO and NO2 under identical pressure conditions, indicating a significant negative impact of other air molecules on the generation of these species. These findings provide valuable insight into the understanding of filament-induced atmospheric chemical reactions and the generation of NxOy species.
Influence mechanism of hydrocyclone main diameter on separation performance
Authors: Liu Lin , Chen Jianwei , Zhao Lixin , Wang Yahong , Zhang Shuang , Yang Kaiwen , Jiang Minghu
Published: June 2024

The main diameter of hydrocyclone (HC) has significant effects on separation performance. However, the differences of flow field characteristics within different HCs have not been understood well yet, which makes it impossible to grasp the influence mechanism of the main diameter on the separation performance. Through the study of the migration trajectories of particles, it is found that the greater the diameter and the finer the particles, the more particles escape from the overflow outlet. The relationships between the longest residence time and the HC main diameter for particles with 10 and 15 μm were, respectively, clarified. The high-speed video and particle image velocimetry experiments were performed and found although the main diameter of a large-HC (LHC) is twice that of a mini-HC (MHC), its air-core diameter is much larger than twice that of MHC, which is not beneficial for separations. The axial velocity around the central axis area in LHC is higher than that of the MHC, which helps separate low-density discrete phases from the overflow outlet at a faster speed but not for the separations of high-density discrete phases from the underflow outlet. The angle of the locus of zero vertical velocity in MHC is larger than that of LHC, which is anticipated to enhance the separation efficiency for the high-density discrete phase. This study first reveals the influence mechanism of the HC main diameter on its separation performance from the perspective of the flow field characteristics, which would hopefully provide significant references for the applications of HCs.
Modeling of laser generation in a Fabry–Pérot-Tamm structure with a nematic liquid crystal layer
Authors: Yakovkin I. I. , Ledney M. F. , Reshetnyak V. Yu. , Pakamoryte I. , Hands P. J. W.
Published: June 2024

In the presented work, the possibility of controlling laser generation using a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) in a hybrid layered structure consisting of a thin metal layer (Ag), a layer of NLC doped with a light-absorbing dye, and a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with a rectangular refractive index profile is theoretically studied. Spectral dependencies of the reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients of light as well as the localization coefficient of the light field in NLC within the photonic bandgap of the DBR are obtained. Narrow dips in the reflection coefficient and peaks in the transmission coefficient are achieved due to the excitation of plasmons at the Ag-NLC interface. The dependence of the spectral position and magnitude of the plasmonic dips/peaks and the enhancement of the light field in the NLC medium on the thickness and orientation of the NLC layer as well as the impact of a light-absorbing dye doping are investigated. Theoretical calculations of the temporal dependencies of luminescence pulses for pumping pulses of different power settings (below, above, and at the threshold of laser generation) and different values of light absorption in the dye-doped NLC medium are performed, taking into account the peculiarities of the optical properties of the dye-doped NLC.
The modified cubic Benjamin–Ono equation describing internal solitary waves in the deep ocean and its related properties
Authors: Yu Di , Song Jinbao
Published: June 2024

In this article, we investigate the propagation of internal solitary waves in deep ocean. Based on the principles of nonlinear theory, perturbation expansion, and multi-scale analysis, a time-dependent modified cubic Benjamin–Ono (mCBO) equation is derived to describe internal solitary waves in the deep ocean with stronger nonlinearity. When the dispersive term ∂3f∂X3 vanishes, the mCBO equation transforms into the cubic BO equation. Similarly, when the dispersive term ∂3f∂X3 becomes zero and the nonlinear term ∂f3∂X degenerates into ∂f2∂X, the mCBO equation reduces to the BO equation. Furthermore, if the integral term ∂2∂X2ℵ(f) disappears, it simplifies to the mKdV equation. To gain deeper insight into the characteristics of solitary waves, conservation of mass and momentum associated with them are discussed. By employing Hirota's bilinear method, we obtain soliton solutions for the mCBO equation and subsequently investigate interactions between two solitary waves with different directions, leading to the occurrence of important events such as rogue waves and Mach reflections. Additionally, we explore how certain parameters influence Mach stem while drawing meaningful conclusions. Our discoveries reveal the complex dynamics of internal solitary waves within the deep ocean and contribute to a broader understanding of nonlinear wave phenomena.
Phase dynamics of tunnel Al-based ferromagnetic Josephson junctions
Authors: Ahmad H. G. , Satariano R. , Ferraiuolo R. , Vettoliere A. , Granata C. , Montemurro D. , Ausanio G. , Parlato L. , Pepe G. P. , Tafuri F. , Massarotti D.
Published: June 2024

By measuring the current–voltage characteristics and the switching current distributions as a function of temperature, we have investigated the phase dynamics of Al tunnel ferromagnetic Josephson junctions (JJs), designed to fall in the typical range of parameters of state-of-the-art transmons, providing evidence of phase diffusion processes. The comparison with the experimental outcomes on non-magnetic JJs with nominally the same electrodynamical parameters demonstrates that the introduction of ferromagnetic barriers does not cause any sizeable detrimental effect and supports the notion of including tunnel ferromagnetic JJs in qubit architectures.
Self-supervised transformers for turbulent flow time series
Authors: Drikakis Dimitris , Kokkinakis Ioannis William , Fung Daryl , Spottswood S. Michael
Published: June 2024

There has been a rapid advancement in deep learning models for diverse research fields and, more recently, in fluid dynamics. This study presents self-supervised transformers' deep learning for complex turbulent flow signals across various test problems. Self-supervision aims to leverage the ability to extract meaningful representations from sparse flow time-series data to improve the transformer model accuracy and computational efficiency. Two high-speed flow cases are considered: a supersonic compression ramp and shock-boundary layer interaction over a statically deformed surface. Several training scenarios are investigated across the two different supersonic configurations. The training data concern wall pressure fluctuations due to their importance in aerodynamics, aeroelasticity, noise, and acoustic fatigue. The results provide insight into transformers, self-supervision, and deep learning with application to complex time series. The architecture is extendable to other research domains where time series data are essential.
Effects of ivermectin on soil nutrient cycling, plant biomass, and dung beetle abundance
Authors: Torabian Shiva , Leffler A. Joshua , Perkins Lora
Published: June 2024

Ivermectin, a commonly used parasiticide, is known to affect dung beetle abundance when present in cattle dung. In this experimental study, we explicitly manipulated ivermectin concentrations in dung pats to examine its effects on dung beetle abundance, soil properties, and plant growth throughout the growing seasons of spring and summer in a western South Dakota grassland. Dung pats containing zero, low (2 mg/kg), and high (10 mg/kg) concentrations of ivermectin were strategically placed in the grassland in summer 2019 and spring 2021. Over a period of 63 days, we monitored changes in the nitrogen content of dung, soil, plants, as well as the abundance of dung beetles, and plant biomass. Our findings indicated that beetle abundance was 50% greater in dung pats without ivermectin, especially when the dung was fresh. However, ivermectin concentrations did not significantly alter the nitrogen content in dung and plants across both seasons, nor was there a discernible effect on plant biomass, despite the pronounced impact on dung beetle abundance.
TULIP: A transformer-based unsupervised language model for interacting peptides and T cell receptors that generalizes to unseen epitopes
Authors: Meynard-Piganeau Barthelemy , Feinauer Christoph , Weigt Martin , Walczak Aleksandra M. , Mora Thierry
Published: June 2024

The accurate prediction of binding between T cell receptors (TCR) and their cognate epitopes is key to understanding the adaptive immune response and developing immunotherapies. Current methods face two significant limitations: the shortage of comprehensive high-quality data and the bias introduced by the selection of the negative training data commonly used in the supervised learning approaches. We propose a method, Transformer-based Unsupervised Language model for Interacting Peptides and T cell receptors (TULIP), that addresses both limitations by leveraging incomplete data and unsupervised learning and using the transformer architecture of language models. Our model is flexible and integrates all possible data sources, regardless of their quality or completeness. We demonstrate the existence of a bias introduced by the sampling procedure used in previous supervised approaches, emphasizing the need for an unsupervised approach. TULIP recognizes the specific TCRs binding an epitope, performing well on unseen epitopes. Our model outperforms state-of-the-art models and offers a promising direction for the development of more accurate TCR epitope recognition models.
cAMP/PKA signaling regulates TDP-43 aggregation and mislocalization
Authors: Ho Diana M. , Shaban Muhammad , Mahmood Faisal , Ganguly Payel , Todeschini Leonardo , Van Vactor David , Artavanis-Tsakonas Spyros
Published: June 2024

Cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43 protein are hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and are observed in the vast majority of both familial and sporadic cases. How these two interconnected processes are regulated on a molecular level, however, remains enigmatic. Genome-wide screens for modifiers of the ALS-associated genes
TDP-43
and
FUS
have identified the phospholipase D (Pld) pathway as a key regulator of ALS-related phenotypes in the fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
[M. W. Kankel
et al.
, Genetics
215
, 747–766 (2020)]. Here, we report the results of our search for downstream targets of the enzymatic product of Pld, phosphatidic acid. We identify two conserved negative regulators of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, the phosphodiesterase
dunce
and the inhibitory subunit
PKA-R2
, as modifiers of pathogenic phenotypes resulting from overexpression of the
Drosophila TDP-43
ortholog
TBPH
. We show that knockdown of either of these genes results in a mitigation of both TBPH aggregation and mislocalization in larval motor neuron cell bodies, as well as an amelioration of adult-onset motor defects and shortened lifespan induced by TBPH. We determine that PKA kinase activity is downstream of both TBPH and Pld and that overexpression of the PKA target CrebA can rescue TBPH mislocalization. These findings suggest a model whereby increasing cAMP/PKA signaling can ameliorate the molecular and functional effects of pathological TDP-43.
The HERCulean task of recognizing, ubiquitinating, and shielding misfolded integral membrane proteins
Authors: Guerriero Christopher J. , Brodsky Jeffrey L.
Published: June 2024

During ER-associated decay, unfolded membrane-resident proteins are targeted for removal and degradation by ubiquitin ligases whose identities and precise operations remain unclear. In this issue, Guerriero and Brodsky discuss new results from Kamada et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202308003) showing the clearance of misfolded CFTR by the E3 ligase HERC3.
ON and OFF starburst amacrine cells are controlled by distinct cholinergic pathways
Authors: Gangi Mie , Maruyama Takuma , Ishii Toshiyuki , Kaneda Makoto
Published: June 2024

Cholinergic signaling in the retina is mediated by acetylcholine (ACh) released from starburst amacrine cells (SACs), which are key neurons for motion detection. SACs comprise ON and OFF subtypes, which morphologically show mirror symmetry to each other. Although many physiological studies on SACs have targeted ON cells only, the synaptic computation of ON and OFF SACs is assumed to be similar. Recent studies demonstrated that gene expression patterns and receptor types differed between ON and OFF SACs, suggesting differences in their functions. Here, we compared cholinergic signaling pathways between ON and OFF SACs in the mouse retina using the patch clamp technique. The application of ACh increased GABAergic feedback, observed as postsynaptic currents to SACs, in both ON and OFF SACs; however, the mode of GABAergic feedback differed. Nicotinic receptors mediated GABAergic feedback in both ON and OFF SACs, while muscarinic receptors mediated GABAergic feedback in ON SACs only in adults. Neither tetrodotoxin, which blocked action potentials, nor LY354740, which blocked neurotransmitter release from SACs, eliminated ACh-induced GABAergic feedback in SACs. These results suggest that ACh-induced GABAergic feedback in ON and OFF SACs is regulated by different feedback mechanisms in adults and mediated by non-spiking amacrine cells other than SACs.