bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Social Media Cybercrime: Revolutionising with AES Encryption and Generative AI
Authors: Poh Soon JosephNg  , Zhuang Cheik EricMok  , Koo Yuen Phan  , Jianhua Sun  , Zhiming Wei
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the effective implementation of AES encryption techniques, combined with Generative AI, to ensure secure communication on personal social media platforms. The research aims to propose strategies for improving encryption implementation, enhancing usability for easy adoption, and exploring the potential for increased profitability while maintaining security. The research methodology includes a mixed mode to collect data on encryption practices, challenges, and perceptions in social media platforms. The research concludes that the findings will offer valuable insights into the effectiveness, usability, and potential impact of AES encryption techniques, powered by Generative AI, on secure communication while assessing the potential economic benefits and growth of enhanced encryption implementation. The results of this research will contribute to developing robust encryption strategies, user-centred design principles, and cost-effective encryption solutions, ultimately strengthening the security of user communications on personal social media platforms to mitigate cybercrime.
Implementasi Kebijakan Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas (ANDALALIN) di Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Putra Ikhsan Fauzi Gunawan , Mudiyono Rachmat , Wahyudi Imam
Published: July 2024

Pembangunan perumahan yang pesat pada Kabupaten Brebes menjadi latar belakang dalam diperlukannya studi Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas (ANDALALIN) untuk mengetahui besaran dampak lalu lintas yang ditimbulkan oleh pembangunan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi Implementasi Kebijakan Analisis Dampak Lalu Lintas (ANDALALIN) berdasarkan peraturan-peraturan yang berlaku khususnya untuk perumahan di Kabupaten Brebes; Menilai hambatan apa sajakah yang dihadapi pada implementasi kebijakan; dan Memberikan solusi strategis yang diprioritaskan dalam menghadapai hambatan utama. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian mixed methods yang menggunakan desain tipe explanatory yang termasuk dalam model sequential (urutan). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes sudah melaksanakan tiap butir komponen peraturan dalam Implementasi Kebijakan ANDALALIN untuk perumahan namun terdapat beberapa kekurangan yang bersifat administratif dan dibutuhkan tindak lanjut. Tujuh aspek yang digunakan dalam mengevaluasi hambatan dalam implementasi kebijakan ini adalah Aspek Sosialisaai atau Forum, Aspek Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP), Aspek Kewenangan Status Jalan, Aspek Website Andalalin, Aspek Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), Aspek Monitoring dan Evaluasi, dan Aspek Sanksi. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, hambatan dengan nilai prioritas tertinggi ada pada aspek Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yaitu tingkat keterlibatan pihak terkait dalam menjalankan kebijakan ANDALALIN dimana solusi strategis yang diperlukan adalah penyelenggaraan pelatihan dan sosialisasi mengenai SOP secara teratur guna memastikan pemahaman dan penerapan yang konsisten.
Stabilisasi Tanah Lempung Ekspansif Menggunakan Bahan Tambah Serbuk Gypsum dan Abu Sekam Padi
Authors: Arismawati Resti , Lydia Ellida Novita , Ardhyan Muhammad Zacky , Mutia Eka
Published: July 2024

Tanah lempung ekspansif ditandai oleh kemampuan untuk mengalami perubahan volume yang signifikan, dengan daya ekspansi dan kontraksi yang tinggi. Ketika tingkat kelembaban tanah meningkat, tanah akan mengembang, namun saat mengering, tanah ini akan menyusut. Dibutuhkan stabilisasi untuk memperbaiki sifat tanah. Stabilisasi yang digunakan merupakan bahan tambah berupa serbuk gypsum yang dapat menyerap rembesan air pada tanah dan abu sekam padi dapat mengisi rongga-rongga dari tanah. Tujuan pengujian ini untuk mengetahui karakterisitik sifat fisik tanah lempung ekspansif asli maupun yang distabilisasi, dan untuk menentukan nilai kohesi (c) dan sudut geser. Hasil pengujian memperoleh karakteristik sifat fisik dari tanah lempung ekspansif asli dengan nilai kadar air lapangan sebesar 35,71%, Gs sebesar 2,28, LL sebesar 47,19%, PL sebesar 13,71% dan PI sebesar 33,38%, dan tanah dengan lolos nomor saringan 200 sebesar 52,09%. Pada tanah. Presentase terbaik terdapat pada variasi LE 4 dimana batas atterberg mengalami penurunan, memiliki nilai w optimum terbaik dan memiliki nilai kohesi (c) sebesar 33,40 kpa juga sudut geser sebesar 72,03° yang merupakan nilai tertinggi, maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan bahwasanya penambahan serbuk gypsum dan abu sekam padi berpengaruh baik pada sifat tanah lempung ekspansif.
Texto para Discussão 2894
Authors: Nogueira Mauro Oddo , Moreira Rafael de Farias Costa
Published: July 2024

A pandemia de covid-19 foi devastadora para os pequenos negócios, tendo causado queda brusca de demanda, interrupção das atividades e, em muitos casos, fechamento definitivo de diversas empresas. Dados do IBGE mostram que, até junho de 2020, 716.372 empresas fecharam as portas de vez; dessas, 99,8% eram de menor porte. Tamanho impacto implicou uma perda expressiva de estoque de capital. A partir de bases de dados do IBGE, este trabalho traz estimativa inédita do total de estoque de capital das empresas brasileiras por porte e setor das empresas. Utilizando essas estimativas e os resultados da Pesquisa Pulso Empresa: impacto da covid-19 nas empresas, também do IBGE, estima-se, de maneira conservadora, que, até junho de 2020, foram perdidos entre R$ 9,1 bilhões e R$ 24,1 bilhões (em R$ de dez/2020) em estoque de capital de micro e pequenas empresas, com os setores de comércio e serviços tendo sido os mais afetados. Considerando-se os valores da faixa do estoque total perdido e a taxa anual média de formação de capital dos pequenos negócios entre 2014 e 2018, serão necessários, caso não sobrevenha nenhum apoio governamental nesse sentido, entre 1 e 3 anos para sua total recomposição. Caso fossem considerados os negócios que fecharam por conta da pandemia após junho de 2020 (último período com dado disponível), os quase 14 milhões de microempreendedores individuais que não foram incluídos no cômputo, os negócios informais e os ativos intangíveis, é de se supor que o valor total de estoque perdido pelos pequenos negócios tenha superado o limite superior da faixa aqui estimada, que é de R$ 24,1 bilhões. Essas estimativas visam a apoiar no dimensionamento das políticas públicas focadas para a reconstrução do estoque de capital perdido, bem como para facilitar o acesso ao crédito por essas empresas.
Identification of Missing Person using CNN
Authors: Dhanalakshmi J. , Kumar M Ashok , J Shalini , Devi M Soundharya
Published: July 2024

Our project aims to leverage Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the identification of missing persons. CNNs, a class of deep learning algorithms widely used in image recognition tasks, offer promising potential in automating and enhancing the identification process. The project aims to develop a robust system using CNN models to match unidentified individuals with missing person databases, improving identification accuracy and providing closure. The proposed approach demonstrates potential in assisting law enforcement agencies and missing persons organizations by providing a reliable and efficient means of cross-referencing images from various sources, such as surveillance footage, social media, and public records. Additionally, the flexibility of CNNs allows for the integration of other biometric markers, including fingerprints and voice recognition, to increase the accuracy and reliability of identifications. This research underscores the importance of using artificial intelligence and machine learning in social good applications, highlighting the potential for technology to play a transformative role in reuniting families and bringing closure to unresolved cases. Future work will focus on refining the model, enhancing privacy protections, and ensuring ethical use in real-world applications.
Factors Impacting Nurses' Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Protocols: A study at Central Hospital in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Mary Isioma Ofili , Bartholomew Chukwuebuka Nwogueze
Published: July 2024

Nurses generally play a vital role in fostering patient care and safety, and they take lead in explaining to patients’ infection control protocols. This study evaluated factors impacting nurses’ compliance with infection prevention and control measures at the Central Hospital, Sapele, Delta State using descriptive research design and convenience sampling techniques. The sample size of 133 was determined using the Taro Yamane formula. A self- developed questionnaire was used. 133 copies of the questionnaires were administered; however, 100 copies of the questionnaires were successfully retrieved. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. A criterion mean of 1.50 was used as a benchmark for acceptance. The results are presented in tables. Findings from this study revealed that most of the participants knew that infection prevention and control is the approach to prevent, control and minimize harm caused by infection to patients and health workers. Inappropriate provision of infection prevention and control supplies (44%), poor maintenance of medical equipment (25%), inappropriate provision of adequate infection prevention supplies (45%), the unavailability of policies and guidelines (23%), etc. were factors influencing compliance level. In conclusion, there is adequate knowledge of infection prevention and control among nurses. Inappropriate provision of infection prevention and control (IPC) supplies was the highest factor hindering compliance with infection prevention and control, while, the provision of adequate infection prevention supplies was the highest factor that promotes compliance to infection prevention and control. However, there was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the factors influencing compliance with infection prevention and control. Hence, there is urgent need to establish policies and guidelines on infection control practices and this should be strictly followed.
Speaking and pronunciation: Jokes
Authors: Van Niekerk Angelique
Published: July 2024

Speaking practice with text, visuals and sound: Jokes

Speaking practice and pronunciation practice.

This is used as the pronunciation assessment as well. Students practice all given texts and must show their pronunciation skills with two of the given texts from the list as part of the formal assessment in the interactive course, Nederlands leren spreken.

Academic custodian and presenter: Angelique van Niekerk
Mountain Doctors, Khoi and San traditional leaders and Rastas sing and wave Ethiopian inspired Lion of Judah Rastafarian flags, singing and celebrating the life of Papa P (Shange, 2021, George)
Authors: Shange Nombulelo
Published: July 2024

Mountain Doctors, Khoi and San traditional leaders and Rastas sing and wave Ethiopian inspired Lion of Judah Rastafarian flags, singing and celebrating the life of Papa P (Shange, 2021, George)
Surviving on the margins
Authors: Phiri Admire , Dande Innocent
Published: July 2024

This article examines the history of the Tjwa (San) community of Zimbabwe from the prisms of food, marginality and Zimbabwean politics. It traces the marginal position of the Tjwa people to the Bantu migrations and the coming of the Ndebele state in the 1830s. These two migrations pushed the San people into the marginal and driest south-western parts of Zimbabwe. We examine how this affected the Tjwa people’s choice of food as they responded to capricious weather conditions. We also argue that the colonial state furthered the marginalisation of the Tjwa by setting up the Hwange National Park and removing the Tjwa from their traditional foodways and livelihood strategies. Their marginalisation in the colonial economy got worse because the colonial state did not prioritise their education or induction in the colonial economy, as it did for other ethnic groups. Resultantly, the Tjwa found themselves as ‘rural serfs’ working for their Ndebele and Kalanga neighbours who underpaid them. We show that the Ndebele and Kalanga rural cattle economies were themselves periodically plagued by recurrent droughts and that they responded to these variable weather conditions by underpaying their Tjwa workers. We also show that the government’s preference of settled agriculture also worsened the marginalisation of the Tjwa. We conclude by pointing out that the Tjwa’s marginal position in the successive epochs affected their eating habits and access to food. The paper is based on published sources produced by European literate observers, as well as data collected during multiple fieldworks between 2013 and 2023. The fieldworks aimed at documenting the language and its speech community through interviews, questionnaires and narratives.
Hyperfine Structure Investigation of Singly Ionized Thulium in Fourier-transform Spectra
Authors: Kebapcı Taha Yusuf , Parlatan Şeyma , Sert Sami , Öztürk İpek Kanat , Başar Gönül , Şahin Timur , Bilir Selçuk , Ferber Ruvin , Tamanis Maris , Kröger Sophie
Published: July 2024

The hyperfine structure of 40 spectral lines of singly ionized thulium (Tm ii) in emission spectra from a hollow cathode discharge lamp measured with a Fourier transform spectrometer in the wavelength range from 335 to 2345 nm has been investigated. As a result of the analysis, the magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants A for 27 fine structure levels of Tm ii were determined for the first time. In addition, the values of two magnetic dipole hyperfine structure constants A from the literature were declared incorrect, and the corrected values were given.
A Complete 16 μm Selected Galaxy Sample at z ∼ 1. II. Morphological Analysis
Authors: Liang Piaoran , Dai 戴 Y. Sophia 昱 , Huang Jia-Sheng , Cheng Cheng , Shi Yaru
Published: July 2024

We present a morphological analysis of the 16 μm flux-density-limited galaxy sample at 0.8 < z < 1.3 from Huang et al. (2021). At the targeted redshift, the 16 μm emission corresponds to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature from intense star formation, or dust heated by active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our sample of 479 galaxies are dominated by luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs; 67%) in three CANDLES fields (Extended Groth Strip, ​​​​Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey North and South fields), and are further divided into AGN-dominated, star-forming dominated, composite, and blue compact galaxies by their spectral energy distribution types. The majority of our sample (71%) have disk morphologies, with the few AGN-dominated galaxies being more bulge-dominated than the star-forming-dominated and composite galaxies. The distribution of our sample on the Gini versus M
20 plane is consistent with previous studies, where the Sérsic index n shows an increasing trend toward the smaller M
20 and higher Gini region below the dividing line for mergers. The subsample of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) follows a steep size–mass relation that is closer to the early-type galaxies. In addition, as the 4.5 μm luminosity excess (

L
4.5
exc

, proxy for AGN strength) increases, our sample appears to be more bulge dominated (i.e., higher n). Based on the specific star formation rate and compactness (

log

10

Σ

1.5

,

Σ

1.5

=

M

*

/

R

e

1.5

) diagram, the majority of our LIRG-dominated galaxy sample follows a secular evolution track, and their distribution can be explained without involving any merging activities. Out of the 16 ULIRGs in our sample, six are compact with strong AGN contributions, likely evolving along the fast track from more violent activities.
Constraints from Parallaxes and Average Period Spacings in the Asteroseismic Study of Eight Hydrogen-atmosphere Pulsating White Dwarfs
Authors: Bischoff-Kim Agnès , Bell Keaton J.
Published: July 2024

With space missions such as Kepler, TESS, and Gaia, we have a wealth of data on pulsating white dwarfs that can be leveraged in white dwarf asteroseismology. We address the question of the proportion of white dwarfs with thin hydrogen layers versus those with thick hydrogen layers. We also provide a mass–radius relation for carbon–oxygen-core, hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs. Such a relationship can be used in conjunction with magnitudes and distance measurements to constrain the mass and effective temperature of the white dwarfs. We select nine hydrogen-atmosphere pulsating white dwarfs for their rich pulsation spectra. From such pulsation spectra, we can derive the asymptotic period spacing, which in turn allows us to determine the thickness of the hydrogen and helium envelope of the models, without having to perform period-by-period fitting. We find that the majority of the white dwarfs have thicker hydrogen layers and we determine an upper limit of M

r
= 1–10−2.2 for the location of the base of the helium layer, in accordance with stellar evolution models. We confirm a finding from earlier studies that used a mass–radius relation and Gaia data to determine the effective temperatures of white dwarfs. The Gaia data systematically point to white dwarfs of lower effective temperature than indicated by the spectroscopy. Our results also support the hypothesis that white dwarfs with thicker hydrogen layers are more common than those with thinner layers.
Asymmetry, Gap Opening, and a High Accretion Rate on DM Tau: A Hypothesis Based on the Interaction of Magnetized Disk Wind with Planets
Authors: Wu 吴 Yinhao 寅昊
Published: July 2024

Over 200 protoplanetary disk systems have been resolved by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), and the vast majority suggest the presence of planets. The dust gaps in transition disks are considered evidence of giant planets sculpting gas and dust under appropriate disk viscosity. However, the unusually high accretion rates in many T Tauri stars hosting transition disks challenge this theory. As the only disk currently observed with high turbulence, the high accretion rate (∼10−8.3
M
⊙ yr−1) observed in DM Tau indicates the presence of strong turbulence within the system. Considering the recent theoretical advancements in magnetized disk winds are challenging the traditional gap-opening theories and viscosity-driven accretion models, our study presents a pioneering simulation incorporating a simplified magnetized disk wind model to explain the observed features in DM Tau. Employing multifluid simulations with an embedded medium mass planet, we successfully replicate the gap formation and asymmetric structures evident in ALMA Band 6 and the recent Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array 7 mm observations. Our results suggest that when magnetized disk wind dominates the accretion mode of the system, it is entirely possible for a planet with a medium mass to exist within the gap inside 20 au of DM Tau. This means that DM Tau may not be as turbulent as imagined. However, viscosity within the disk should also contribute a little turbulence to maintain disk stability.
Observations of the Formation and Disappearance of a Funnel Prominence
Authors: Yang Bo , Yang Jiayan , Bi Yi , Hong Junchao
Published: July 2024

We present an observational study of the formation and disappearance of a funnel prominence. Before the funnel prominence formed, cool materials from the top of a preexisting polar crown prominence flowed along saddle-shaped coronal loops to their base, forming a smaller prominence. Meanwhile, the saddle-shaped coronal loops gradually rose, and U-shaped coronal loops, termed prominence horns, began to appear along with a coronal cavity. Afterward, a cool column emerged from the chromosphere, rose vertically into the corona, and then moved laterally to be transported into the U-shaped coronal loops. The formed prominence slid into the chromosphere, while the U-shaped coronal loops and the coronal cavity became more pronounced. As cool materials accumulated at the base of the U-shaped coronal loops, these loops underwent a significant descent and a V-shaped structure appeared at the base of the cool materials, indicating that the U-shaped coronal loops may be dragged down to sag. Subsequently, cool materials from the V-shaped structure continued to flow almost vertically toward the chromosphere, forming the funnel prominence. The vertical downflows might be produced by magnetic reconnection within or between the sagging field lines. Due to persistent vertical downflows, the U-shaped coronal loops were lifted up and prominence materials followed along inclined coronal loops toward the chromosphere, causing the funnel prominence to disappear. Our observations suggest that chromospheric plasma transported into a coronal cavity and then drained out via vertical downflows can form a funnel prominence.
Mallotus bullata (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Southwest China based on morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence
Authors: Yu Jiang-Hong , Chen Zheng-Ren , An Ming-Tai , Yu Deng-Li , Liu Feng , Xu Jian , Tang Yu-bin , Wang Yi-ran , Zou Hua-kai
Published: July 2024

Mallotus bullata M.T.An & J.H. Yu sp. Nov. (Euphorbiaceae), a species new to science discovered in Guizhou, China, is described and illustrated here, along with its phylogenetic position among other Mallotus species. Morphological, micro-morphological, and molecular evidence is presented as attestation of its novelty. The new species morphologically resembles M. philippensis var. reticulatus and M. philippensis, but it clearly differs by having leaf surface bullate, absence of coarse serrations on leaf margins, lateral veins reticulate near margins, sepals in male flowers 5, polygamous flowers, pollen grains 3 apertures with have obvious protrusions in the apertures, abaxial leaf epidermal microhairs 1-8 mm long. Molecular phylogenetic analysis (BS = 100% / BS = 96%, PP = 1 / PP = 1) provides strong evidence supporting M. bullata as a new species within the genus Mallotus.
The first record of Chironomus nuditarsis Keyl, 1961 from Sevan Lake (Armenia) confirmed by morphology, karyotype and COI gene sequence
Authors: Bolshakov Viktor , Prokin Alexander , Ivanova Elena , Movergoz Ekaterina
Published: July 2024

Chironomus nuditarsis Keyl, 1961 is recorded from Sevan Lake for the first time. This species is widespread in Europe, the Caucasus, and Siberia. For species identification, we used a comprehensive approach that included morphological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic analyses. Morphological analysis showed a high similarity with the description. Nine chromosome banding sequences ndtA1, ndtA2, ndtB2, ndtC1, ndtD1, ndtE1, ndtF1, ndtG1, and ndtG2 were found. The banding sequences ndtA1, ndtA2, ndtG1, and ndtG2 are species-specific for C. nuditarsis and allow us to accurately distinguish it from the sibling species Ch. curabilis Belyanina, Sigareva et Loginova, 1990. Molecular-genetic analysis of the COI gene sequences has shown low genetic distances of 0.38–0.95% in the sibling species Ch. nuditarsis and Ch. curabilis complex and the insufficiency of using a single COI as a molecular marker for their separation.
Network pharmacology exploration to reveal molecular insights of Phyllanthus niruri in non-alcoholic fatty liver: In vitro and in silico evidence
Authors: Singh Anuragh , Chitra Vellapandian , Ilango Kaliappan
Published: July 2024

The hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, associated with various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and high cholesterol, is called non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Despite several research efforts, no approved medicine is currently available for the treatment of this illness. Swiss Target Prediction was used to screen phytochemicals. To examine potential targets, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was developed. Cytoscape was used to create the component-target-pathway (C-T-P) network, and AutoDock was used to assess molecular docking. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities were tested in vitro. Naringenin, ellagic acid, and cyanidin were found to be the main active components. As important targets, PPARA, PPARG, and AKT1 were selected. Through enrichment analysis, a total of 20 crucial signaling pathways, including insulin resistance (IR), NAFLD, relaxin, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, AGE-RAGE, and MAPK, were identified. The in silico computational techniques predicted the molecular pathway for the active ingredients and the disease targets, thus helping to further research.
Le référentiel de l’inclusion en actes : expansion et brouillage des frontières dans les organisations scolaires
Authors: Bélanger Nathalie , Goastellec Gaële , Verhoeven Marie
Published: July 2024

À l’agenda politique international depuis les années 1990, le référentiel de l’inclusion demande à toute institution éducative de s’adapter à la diversité des apprenants, dans une perspective d’accessibilité, de reconnaissance et de développement du potentiel de chacun. Ce préambule pose les jalons d’un dossier consacré aux traductions organisationnelles concrètes de ce nouvel impératif. L’exploration de différents systèmes nationaux montre que ce référentiel épouse les contours de réalités historiques et structurelles variées, ce qui en colore, selon une logique de dépendance au sentier, les interprétations et mises en forme locales. Trois arguments sont avancés pour problématiser ce processus de traduction. Le premier concerne la manière dont l’injonction à l’inclusion reconfigure les lignes de division et de hiérarchisation scolaire existantes, tout en étant façonnée par elles. Le deuxième porte sur son impact sur la division du travail éducatif et sur la renégociation des territoires et des frontières entre professionnels concernés par l’inclusion, entre collaboration et concurrence. Le troisième interroge le rôle des parents dans sa mise en œuvre, entre injonction d’accessibilité et production de nouvelles asymétries.
Entre inclusion et sélection : l’orientation des élèves primo-arrivants allophones dans les conseils de classe d’accueil en Suisse
Authors: Mathivat Noémie , Rey Jeanne , Kloetzer Laure
Published: July 2024

La Suisse peut être décrite comme un laboratoire pour l’étude des migrations du fait de sa pluralité culturelle et linguistique nationale et immigrée, mais aussi de la multiplicité des réglementations propres à chaque canton. Dans le canton de Vaud, les élèves primo-arrivants allophones (EPAA) peuvent être scolarisés dans des classes d’accueil séparées. Chaque fin d’année, l’enjeu pour les enseignantes est d’évaluer chaque élève en train d’acquérir la langue d’enseignement locale, pour l’orienter dans un système à filières visant l’homogénéité des groupes. Ces moments charnières représentent un point aveugle dans la construction des trajectoires scolaires. Cette recherche étudie comment les EPAA sont orientés dans un système scolaire secondaire sélectif et d’après quels éléments. L’analyse des données montre que la prolongation de la scolarité en classe d’accueil est favorisée par les enseignantes pour protéger les élèves d’une scolarisation en classe ordinaire perçue comme à rebours de l’école inclusive.
La mixité sociale dans les établissements scolaires : une question socialement vive pour l’école et la société à venir
Authors: Jellab Aziz
Published: July 2024

La mixité sociale fait partie de ces thématiques qui émergent ici et là au rythme des débats politiques et sociaux. Elle est souvent présentée comme une modalité particulière visant à réduire les inégalités scolaires. Si des expérimentations ont été tentées en France et dans d’autres pays occidentaux, l’évaluation de leur efficacité ne laisse pas entrevoir de modèle généralisable, mais plutôt des pistes d’action qui tiennent compte des variables locales en présence –par exemple quand l’offre de formation par les établissements privés est plus ou moins importante. L’entre-soi choisi et l’entre-soi subi dessinent les contours des inégalités sociales qui ont des effets sur les devenirs socialement différenciés des élèves. Si des expériences nationales et internationales augurent d’évolutions positives, les fortes résistances chez les milieux socialement favorisés et le faible volontarisme politique interrogent fondamentalement sur le type de société qui se dessine.
Un clientélisme de façade : logiques d’action publique et intérêts clientélaires dans un programme de pensions en Ouganda
Authors: Jacquin Ronan
Published: July 2024

L’article explore les rapports entre clientélisme et action publique à partir du cas d’un programme de pension pour personnes âgées en Ouganda. À rebours d’une vision abordant ces rapports comme un jeu à somme nulle, l’article montre comment les deux logiques se combinent dans la fabrique au concret du programme. Il est basé sur une enquête multi-niveau (de la conception à la mise en œuvre de l’action publique) mêlant entretiens et observations, menée entre 2018 et 2019. Les intérêts clientélistes et électoraux qui structurent le champ bureaucratique national favorisent l’adoption et l’expansion du programme, mais influencent également sa conception par l’élaboration d’un diagnostic de manipulations potentielles et le renforcement des techniques d’identification, au risque d’en exclure les plus précaires. À l’inverse, la centralité des structures politico-administratives locales dans la mise en œuvre donne aux pensions une façade clientéliste et renforce les dynamiques d’allégeance et de loyauté à l’égard du régime NRM.
Petits arrangements avec le vivant dans le bocage pavillonnaire
Authors: Frileux Pauline , Paillocher Élodie
Published: July 2024

Par leurs pratiques jardinières, les habitants du bocage pavillonnaire agissent sur les écosystèmes qui les environnent. Ils introduisent des plantes horticoles et exotiques, favorisent certaines espèces sauvages, végétales et animales, en suppriment d’autres. Ils interfèrent aussi avec les cycles de la matière : exportation des déchets végétaux, importation d’engrais, arrosages, etc. Deux grandes tendances peuvent être identifiées chez ces jardiniers : les adeptes d’un désherbage méticuleux et les « écocentrés ». Le bon entretien dicte la conduite des jardins et le rapport au vivant, mais les pratiques évoluent sous l’influence des politiques environnementales, des associations naturalistes et de la réglementation. Le propre résiste donc, mais le récent engouement pour l’herbivore domestique – sous couvert d’environnement (réduire ses déchets), et l’attrait renouvelé des productions nourricières pourraient être les signes avant-coureurs d’une reconquête agricole et écologique du bocage pavillonnaire.
Une politique d’influence stalinienne sur la défensive
Authors: Shapovalova Anna
Published: July 2024

Cet article interroge l’internationalisation des campagnes staliniennes de propagande autour des procès soviétiques « pour l’exemple » sur le terrain français, au moment même où les relations bilatérales traversent une crise profonde et où la justice soviétique fait l’objet de critiques croissantes. Évitant les écueils du paradigme diffusionniste, il montre que les mobilisations transnationales légitimant ces procès sont de nature défensive et se construisent progressivement en réaction à leur mise en cause frontale par différents acteurs européens. Les prises de positions ne débouchent pas, pourtant, sur un véritable débat concernant les procès « pour l’exemple » : se mettent en place plutôt des discours étanches laissant peu de place à une discussion sur des désaccords pourtant profonds. Les fissures entre ces discours concurrentiels referment, quant à elles, tout questionnement sur les ancrages sociaux du stalinisme naissant et la spécificité des pratiques répressives staliniennes.
La France et l’entrée de l’URSS à la Société des Nations
Authors: Jeannesson Stanislas
Published: July 2024

Le 17 septembre 1934, l’URSS est admise à la Société des nations, dans un contexte européen dominé par les effets de la crise économique et la montée en puissance de l’Allemagne nazie. Elle entre ainsi véritablement dans le système international, 15 ans après en avoir été exclue lors de la conférence de la Paix. En nous appuyant sur les acquis de la recherche et les archives du Quai d’Orsay, notre objectif est de traiter du rôle de la France dans l’admission de l’URSS à la Société des nations, en entrant dans le détail des négociations et des efforts prodigués, pour réévaluer la place que la diplomatie française accordait à la question dans sa politique globale de sécurité : simple condition préalable au pacte oriental – voire à une alliance franco-soviétique – ou véritable objectif en soi ?
« Sommes-nous lâches ? » La question des droits de l’homme et des libertés dans les relations franco-soviétiques pendant la présidence de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing (1974-1981)
Authors: Cœuré Sophie
Published: July 2024

Cet article questionne les relations entre l’action des gouvernements et les mobilisations transnationales par le bas pour les « refuzniks » juifs privés de visa de sortie et pour les « dissidents » soviétiques, dans le cas des relations entre la France de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing (1974-1981) et l’URSS de Leonid Brežnev. La position française de coopération et de « non-ingérence » sur la question des droits de l’homme semblait en dissonance avec la forte politisation intérieure de la question des libertés etdesdroitsenUnionsoviétique.Lesarchives soviétiques révèlent cependant une inquiétude croissante de Moscou face à l’actualité médiatique et politique de la dissidence en France, et la mobilisation des ressources d’influence de l’URSS. Si la question des dissidences resta davantage du domaine des négociations de la CSCE et des mobilisations transnationales que des relations bilatérales, la diplomatie française mit en œuvre des actions « humanitaires » et des interventions discrètes en appui aux dissidents et aux refuzniks soviétiques.
« Nous parlons affaires » quand Leonid Brežnev rencontre Armand Hammer
Authors: Kozovoï Andreï
Published: July 2024

Leonid Brežnev, secrétaire général du PCUS (1964-1982) a toujours été attentif à prendre l’avis de personnalités extérieures pour les questions de politique étrangère – domaine dans lequel il n’a, de prime abord et de son propre aveu, jamais été expert, mais qu’il va pourtant marquer de son empreinte en façonnant la politique de « détente », d’abord avec la France, puis l’Allemagne, et surtout les États-Unis.Les sept entretiens de Brežnev avec Armand Hammer (1898-1990), célèbre homme d’affaires américain surtout connu pour avoir rencontré Lenin, donnent un aperçu de l’architecture de la « détente » et les tentatives pour la sauver ; ils dévoilent aussi un Brežnev méconnu, ses idées en matière de politique étrangère, mais aussi, plus largement, sa vision du monde. Ils témoignent également du déclin du brežnevisme en tant que système politique. L’article s’appuie sur un corpus d’archives du RGANI (Moscou).
Rites de la route et réparation de la mémoire servile : cas de la construction d’une tradition chez les Yémba de l’Ouest-Cameroun (XIXe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Kana Célestine Colette Fouellefak , Malabon Darice
Published: July 2024

À la fin du XXe siècle sont apparues chez les Yémba de l’Ouest-Cameroun de nouvelles pratiques rituelles qui trouvent leur terrain de mise en scène sur les routes, les carrefours et les places de marché : ce sont les rites de la route dits fiέ’ mènzhɛ. L’histoire de la construction de ces rites renseigne sur le processus d’émergence d’une institution ou d’une tradition nouvelle dans certaines communautés africaines. En effet, les rites de la route émergent comme moyen thérapeutique contre les traumatismes hérités par les Yémba de leur passé esclavagiste et colonial, et de la guerre d’indépendance pendant laquelle des membres de leurs familles furent enlevés et conduits ailleurs, loin de leur terre. Les rites de la route deviennent ainsi des structures de réparation de la mémoire de ces personnes enlevées. La construction de ces traditions rituelles est donc le fait d’un héritage historique traumatisant à cause des enlèvements, de la torture, de la mort et de l’oubli des membres de la communauté. Par un procédé de reproduction et inspiré des institutions de la mémoire existante, ces nouvelles pratiques rituelles apparaissent comme la solution adéquate à ce traumatisme mémoriel. Au gré de leur pratique d’une génération à une autre, leur efficacité va conduire à leur institutionnalisation comme tradition nouvelle.
La lisibilité des opérations spatiales avec les paquets rituels des Pawnee (XIXe siècle, États-Unis)
Authors: Balloy Benjamin
Published: July 2024

Quelles opérations spatiales sont rendues possibles par l’usage, en contexte rituel, d’une classe particulière d’artéfacts appelés paquets rituels ? Nous traiterons cette question à partir du cas d’une société amérindienne de l’Amérique du Nord : les Skiri-Pawnee. Un riche corpus de documents ethnographiques collectés au tournant du XXe siècle permet de discuter certains aspects de la vie rituelle pawnee dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. Si la centralité des paquets dans l’organisation cérémonielle et politique des Pawnee est largement connue et commentée, peu d’attention en revanche a été portée, dans le détail de la dynamique rituelle, aux effets spatiaux produits par leur manipulation. En particulier, nous soulignerons la force narrative logée au cœur des opérations spatiales réalisées avec les paquets rituels majeurs, dits cuharipi.ru’.
L’invention d’une tradition : le cas des Églises cowboys au Texas
Authors: Pioch-Eberhart Véronique
Published: July 2024

Dans cet article, nous abordons la question de l’invention de tradition à travers l’étude de cas des Églises cowboys qui se sont rajoutées récemment dans le paysage chrétien de l’Ouest américain. Les Églises cowboys émergent de diverses confessions traditionnelles. Elles offrent cependant un certain nombre de caractéristiques communes qui, selon nous, sont génératrices d’une invention de la tradition.
The New Christian Family Bernal Nunes de Miranda: Between Borders, Religiosities and the Inquisition in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Júnior Ademir Schetini
Published: July 2024

Cet article s’intéresse au discours de l’Inquisition portugaise sur l’hérésie juive à Bahia (Brésil), et met en lumière le rôle de l’institution contre la famille néo-chrétienne Bernal Nunes de Miranda. En suivant le parcours de deux générations, il interroge notamment les questions du sang, de la foi et de l’hétérodoxie. L’article met en évidence les migrations du Portugal vers le Brésil, signale les alternatives employées pour l’intégration sociale et discute de la manière dont les individus gèrent les stigmates à l’époque des juges de la foi. Enfin, il analyse certains détails de la religiosité étrangère au catholicisme et évalue les possibilités du crypto-judaïsme au XVIIIe siècle.
Nanotechnology in Restoration of Degraded Soil Fertility
Authors: Rout Chadetrik , Aggarwal Diwakar
Published: July 2024

Soil fertility degradation caused by factors such as erosion, organic matter decline, loss of biodiversity, compaction, point-source and diffused contamination, pollution, salinization, and unsustainable agricultural practices poses serious challenges to global food security and ecosystem health. However, in recent years, nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and nanocomposites have shown promise in improving soil structure, nutrient availability, water retention, microbial activity etc. The development of nanoscale soil amendments is a key application of nanotechnology in soil restoration. These include nanoparticles that have been engineered to release nutrients gradually, increasing nutrient uptake by plants and reduce nutrient leaching. Furthermore, nanomaterials can act as carriers for beneficial microorganisms, shielding them from environmental stressors and ensuring efficient delivery to the soil.
Green Remediation Harnessing Plant-Based Strategies for Removal of Emerging Soil Contaminants
Authors: Ghazaryan Karen , Verma Aman , Rawat Sapna , Warshini Amrit , Rajput Priyadarshani , Minkina Tatiana , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Khachatryan Hrant , Singh Rupesh Kumar , Alexiou Athanasios , Singh Abhishek
Published: July 2024

Phytoremediation, a green remediation, presents an eco-friendly approach to combatting environmental pollution by harnessing the natural detoxification properties of plants. This method utilises various plant species to absorb, accumulate, and transform pollutants, offering a subtle yet effective means of cleansing contaminated soil and water. This highlights the significance of phytoremediation in addressing heavy metal pollution, which poses enduring threats to ecological systems and human health. It explores the diverse applications of phytoremediation, including its effectiveness against heavy metals, radioactive substances, and organic pollutants. The review also discusses the challenges and prospects of phytoremediation, emphasising the importance of identifying suitable plant species and enhancing their resistance to metallic toxins. Overall, phytoremediation emerges as a promising strategy for sustainable environmental remediation, offering long-term benefits for both ecosystems and human well-being.
Innovations in Nanotechnology for Amelioration of Nutrient Use Efficiency in Agriculture
Authors: Singla Richu , Goel Honey
Published: July 2024

Nanotechnology has drastically shepherded a magnanimous period in the global agricultural landscape. Nutrient use efficiency is one of the most imperative concepts for invigorate crop production systems, which can be influenced by various factors such as fertilizer management and soil and plant-water relationships. The nutrients are used with an objective of enhance the overall performance of crops and cropping systems by providing optimum nourishment and supporting sustainable agricultural production systems through contributions to soil fertility and other important soil quality components. Improvement in nutrient use efficiency has been today's most critical and formidable research issues. With the advent of green, modern agriculture techniques are not only confined to augment crop yield/food productivity but, aim to elevate the nutritional content of the food/crops. Various nano-structured formulations may also be developed in order to deliver active ingredients in response to environmental cues and biological demands more properly.
Health Effects of Heavy Metals Contamination in Children
Authors: Bora Jutishna , Kumari Masum , Panda Ipsita , Gupta Shruti , Priya Swati , Mondal Sagar , Malik Sumira , Lata Smita
Published: July 2024

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements with a high atomic weight and a minimum density five times greater than that of water. Many heavy metals are known to be highly toxic and can be absorbed by humans through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, leading to various health issues. Children are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of heavy metal exposure compared to adults. The detrimental impact of these elements on children's health encompasses conditions such as intellectual disabilities, neurocognitive impairments, behavioural issues, respiratory ailments, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. Given their potent toxicity, extensive utilization, and widespread occurrence, heavy metals warrant significant attention. This review thus investigates the pathways of exposure and health ramifications associated with mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and barium (Ba) in children, elucidating their toxic effects. In addition, different treatment methods are being discussed.
Revolutionizing Agricultural Sustainability and Food Security and Management to Achieve SDGs Goals via Nanotechnology
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Singh Abhishek , Rajput Priyadarshani , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Chena Shen-Ming , Singh Rupesh Kumar , Ragab El-Ramady Hassan , Ghazaryan Karen
Published: July 2024

Modern farming has evolved by adopting technological development such as machines for tillage and harvesting, controlled irrigation, fertilizers, pesticides, crop breeding, genetics research, and biotechnological tools for trait improvement. These innovations helped farmers to produce a large quantity of quality crop yield. However, achieving the best possible yield from various types of soil is still in progress, and there are major losses related to food wastage - especially during and post-harvest - where the production is not monitored and handled well. The industry needs a smart and accurate solution that is possible through new technologies. Various tools and technology in agriculture can help in smart farming such as GIS remote sensing, nanotechnology, and genome editing tools including molecular biological techniques. Smart farming aims to use modern technological tools to improve crop yield and product quality.
Crop Biofortification Innovative Solutions for Micronutrient Deficiency
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Singh Abhishek , Rajput Vishnu D. , Minkina Tatiana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Ragab El-Ramady Hassan , Ghazaryan Karen
Published: July 2024

Micronutrient deficiency is a significant global health issue that affects nearly half of the world's population, leading to stunted physical and mental development in children and a variety of illnesses. It is particularly prevalent among young girls, women, and pre-school children due to insufficient intake of vitamins and micronutrients. In response to this widespread challenge, biofortification has emerged as a promising and cost-effective approach to increase the essential micronutrient levels in staple crops. The quality and nutrient content of produce can be further improved using micronutrient fertilizers. Developing countries with high rates of malnutrition are increasingly interested in integrated biofortification, which combines modern agricultural practices with genetic enhancements of food crops. As a result, maize, rice, wheat, beans, pearl millet, sweet potato, and cassava have been successfully biofortified with higher levels of iron, zinc, or provitamin A in various developing nations.
Revolutionizing Sustainable Agriculture With Nano-Priming Technology
Authors: Pandey Divya , Singh Abhishek , Darbinyan Nare , Chakhmakhchyan Armine David , Parmar Shipra Singh , Ghazaryan Karen
Published: July 2024

The development and growth of crops were impacted by climate change, leading to a decrease in crop production. The issue of food security can arise from a decline in agricultural output. Emerging from the confluence of nanotechnology with agriculture and materials science, the emerging discipline of nano priming enhances the effectiveness of priming agents by utilizing the distinct physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs). By carefully dotting seeds or substrates with engineered nanomaterials, this method seeks to improve essential physiological processes or material qualities via nanoscale targeted interactions. To further reduce reliance on fertilizers and pesticides, nano-seed priming improved metabolic, biochemical, antioxidant, and phytohormone pathways; this, in turn, promoted abiotic and biotic stresses. An introduction to nanoparticles and their potential uses in environmentally friendly farming practices is given in this chapter.