bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification accuracy and compatibility across devices of a new Rapid-E+ flow cytometer
Authors: Sikoparija Branko , Matavulj Predrag , Simovic Isidora , Radisic Predrag , Brdar Sanja , Minic Vladan , Tesendic Danijela , Kadantsev Evgeny , Palamarchuk Julia , Sofiev Mikhail
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The study evaluated a new model of a Plair SA air flow cytometer, Rapid-E+, and assessed its suitability for airborne pollen monitoring within operational networks. Key features of the new model are compared with the previous one, Rapid-E. A machine learning algorithm is constructed and evaluated for (i) classification of reference pollen types in laboratory conditions and (ii) monitoring in real-life field campaigns. The second goal of the study was to evaluate the device usability in forthcoming monitoring networks, which would require similarity and reproducibility of the measurement signal across devices. We employed three devices and analysed (dis-)similarities of their measurements in laboratory conditions. The lab evaluation showed similar recognition performance as that of Rapid-E, but field measurements in conditions when several pollen types are present in the air simultaneously, showed a notably lower agreement of Rapid-E+ with manual Hirst-type observations than those of the older model. An exception was the total-pollen measurements. Comparison across the Rapid-E+ devices revealed noticeable differences in fluorescence measurements between the three devices tested. As a result, application of the recognition algorithm trained on the data of one device to another one led to large errors. The study confirmed the potential of the fluorescence measurements for discrimination between different pollen classes, but each monitor needed to be trained individually to achieve acceptable skills. A large uncertainty of fluorescence measurements and their variability between different devices need to be addressed to improve the device usability.
Using observed urban NOx sinks to constrain VOC reactivity and the ozone and radical budget in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
Authors: Nault Benjamin A. , Travis Katherine R. , Crawford James H. , Blake Donald R. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Cohen Ronald C. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Diskin Glenn S. , Hall Samuel R. , Huey L. Gregory , Jimenez Jose L. , Kim Kyung-Eun , Lee Young R. , Simpson Isobel J. , Ullmann Kirk , Wisthaler Armin
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is an important secondary pollutant that impacts air quality and human health. Eastern Asia has high regional O3 background due to the numerous sources and increasing and rapid industrial growth, which impacts the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). However, SMA has also been experiencing increasing O3 driven by decreasing NOx emissions, highlighting the role of local, in-situ O3 production on SMA. Here, comprehensive gas-phase measurements collected on the NASA DC-8 during the NIER/NASA Korea United States-Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) study are used to constrain the instantaneous O3 production rate over the SMA. The observed NOx oxidized products support the importance of non-measured peroxy nitrates (PNs) in the O3 chemistry in SMA, as they accounted for ~49 % of the total PNs. Using the total measured PNs (ΣPNs) and alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (ΣANs), unmeasured volatile organic compound (VOC) reactivity (R(VOC)) is constrained and found to range from 1.4 – 2.1 s-1. Combining the observationally constrained R(VOC) with the other measurements on the DC-8, the instantaneous net O3 production rate, which is as high as ~10 ppbv hr-1, along with the important sinks of O3 and radical chemistry, are constrained. This analysis shows that ΣPNs play an important role in both the sinks of O3 and radical chemistry. Since ΣPNs are assumed to be in steady-state, the results here highlight the role ΣPNs play in urban environments in reducing net O3 production, but ΣPNs can potentially lead to increased net O3 production downwind due to their short lifetime (~1 hr). The results provide guidance for future measurements to identify the missing R(VOCs) and ΣPNs production.
Radar based high resolution ensemble precipitation analyses over the French Alps
Authors: Vernay Matthieu , Lafaysse Matthieu , Augros Clotilde
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Reliable estimation of precipitation fields at high resolution is a key issue for snow cover modelling in mountainous areas, where the density of precipitation networks is far too low to capture their complex variability with topography. Adequate quantification of the remaining uncertainty in precipitation estimates is also necessary for further assimilation of complementary snow observations in snow models. Radar observations provide spatialised estimates of precipitation with high spatial and temporal resolution, and are often combined with rain gauge observations to improve the accuracy of the estimate. However, radar measurements suffer from significant shortcomings in mountainous areas (in particular, unrealistic spatial patterns due to ground clutter). Precipitation fields simulated by high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models provide an alternative estimate, but suffer from systematic biases and positioning errors. Even though these uncertainties can be partially described by ensemble NWP systems and systematic errors can be reduced by statistical post-processing, NWP precipitation estimates are still not reliable enough for the requirements of high resolution snow cover modelling. In this study, better precipitation estimates are obtained through a specific analysis based on a combination of all these available products. First, a pre-processing step is proposed to mitigate the main deficiencies of radar and gauges precipitation estimation products, focusing on reducing unrealistic spatial patterns. This method also provides a spatialised estimate of the associated error in mountainous areas, based on a climatological analysis of both radar and NWP-estimated precipitation. Three ensemble daily precipitation analysis methods are then proposed, first using only the modified precipitation estimates and associated errors, then combining them with ensemble NWP simulations based on the Particle Filter and Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation algorithms. The performance of the different precipitation analysis methods is evaluated at a local scale using independent ski resort precipitation observations. The evaluation of the pre-processing step shows its ability to remove the main spatial artefacts coming from the radar measurements and to improve the precipitation estimates at the local scale. The local scale evaluations of the ensemble analyses do not demonstrate an additional benefit of ensemble NWP forecasts, but their contrasted spatial patterns are challenging to evaluate with the available data.
Characterizing the marine iodine cycle and its relationship to ocean deoxygenation in an Earth System model
Authors: Cheng Keyi , Ridgwell Andy , Hardisty Dalton
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Iodine abundance in marine carbonates (as an elemental ratio with calcium – I:Ca) is of broad interest as a proxy for local/regional ocean redox. This connection arises because the speciation of iodine in seawater—in terms of the balance between iodate (IO3-) and iodide (I-)—is sensitive to the prevalence of oxic vs. anoxic conditions. However, although I:Ca ratios are being increasingly commonly measured in ancient carbonate samples, a fully quantitative interpretation of this proxy is hindered by the scarcity of a mechanistic and quantitative framework for the marine iodine cycle and its sensitivity to the extent and intensity of ocean deoxygenation. Here we present and evaluate a representation of marine iodine cycling embedded in an Earth system model (‘cGENIE’) against both modern and paleo observations. In this, we account for IO3- uptake and reduction by primary producers, the occurrence of ambient IO3- reduction in the water column, plus the re-oxidation of I- to IO3-. We develop and test a variety of different mechanistic relationships between IO­3- and I- against an updated compilation of observed dissolved IO­3- and I- concentrations in the present-day ocean. In optimizing the parameters controlling previously proposed mechanisms behind marine iodine cycling, we find that we can obtain broad matches to observed iodine speciation gradients in zonal surface distribution, depth profiles, and oxygen deficient zones (ODZs). We also identify alternative, equally well performing mechanisms which assume a more explicit mechanistic link between iodine transformation and environment. This mechanistic ambiguity highlights the need for more process-based studies on modern marine iodine cycling. Finally, because our ultimate motivation is to further our ability to reconstruct ocean oxygenation in the geological past, we conducted ‘plausibility tests’ of our various different model schemes against available I:Ca measurements made on Cretaceous carbonates – a time of substantially depleted ocean oxygen availability compared to modern and hence a strong test of our model. Overall, the simultaneous broad match we can achieve between modelled iodine speciation and modern observations, and between forward-proxy modelled I:Ca and geological elemental ratios supports the application of our Earth system modelling in simulating the marine iodine cycle to help interpret and constrain the redox evolution of past oceans.
Response of cirrus clouds to idealised perturbations from aviation
Authors: Gilbert Ella , Purseed Jhaswantsing , Li Yun , Krämer Martina , Altamura Beatrice , Bellouin Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Aviation is a rapidly growing source of climate forcing, and the non-CO2 effective radiative forcing of aviation is approximately twice that of aviation CO2. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding aviation’s non-CO2 effects because the radiative forcing of aviation aerosol-cloud interactions, especially with cirrus clouds, is poorly known. Here, we use a large eddy simulation model to quantify the impact of ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) perturbations on the water budget and microphysics of pre-existing cirrus clouds. These perturbations aim to represent the second half of the chain of effects linking aircraft aerosol emissions to changes in ICNC and ice water path. We examine two types of cirrus: warm conveyor belt outflow and gravity wave cirrus, which represent different updraft regimes and formation mechanisms. In both cases, the primary effect of an idealised increase in ICNC is to extend cloud lifetime, with the increase proportional to the magnitude of the ICNC perturbation applied. The effect is more pronounced in the gravity wave cirrus case than in the warm conveyor belt outflow cirrus case because the latter has lower initial ICNC and ice water contents. Quantitatively, the sensitivity of ice water path (IWP) to changes in ICNC, expressed as ∆ln(IWP)/∆ln(ICNC), is 0.06 for gravity wave cirrus and 0.35 for warm conveyor belt outflow cirrus when calculated 45 minutes after imposing the ICNC perturbation. These results suggest that aviation has the potential to increase the lifetime and radiative effects of pre-existing cirrus clouds.
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of soil respiration in a bare-soil Mediterranean olive grove
Authors: Aranda-Barranco Sergio , Serrano-Ortiz Penélope , Kowalski Andrew S. , Sánchez-Cañete Enrique P.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs) is an important carbon flux in terrestrial ecosystems and knowledge about this CO2 release process and the drivers involved is a key topic in the context of global change. However, temporal, and spatial variability has not been extensively studied in semiarid systems such as olive groves. In this study, we show a full year of continuous measurements of Rs with six automatic chambers in a fertirrigated olive grove with bare soil in the Mediterranean accompanied by ecosystem respiration (Reco) obtained using the eddy covariance (EC) technique. To study spatial variability, the automatic chambers were distributed equally under the canopy (Rs Under-Tree) and in the center of the alley (Rs Alley), and the gradient of Rs between both locations was measured in several manual campaigns in addition to azimuthal changes about the center of the olive trees. The results indicate that Rs Under-Tree was three times larger than Rs Alley in the annual computations. Higher Rs was found on the south face, and an exponential decay of Rs was observed until the alley's center was reached. These spatial changes were used to weigh and project Rs to the ecosystem scale, whose annual balance was 1.6–2.3 higher than Reco estimated using EC-derived models. The daytime Reco model performs better the greater the influence of Rs Under-Tree and the night-time Reco model and Rs covaried more the higher the fraction of Rs Alley. We found values of Q10 < 1 in the vicinity of the olive tree and Rs Under-Tree represented 39 % of the Rs of the olive grove. CO2 pulses associated with precipitation events were detected, especially in the alley, during dry periods, and after extended periods without rain, but were not accurately detected by EC-derived models. We point out an interaction between several effects that vary in time and are different under the canopy than in the alleys that the accepted models to estimate Q10 and Reco do not consider. These results show a high spatial and temporal heterogeneity in soil respiration and the factors involved, which must be considered in future work in semi-arid agrosystems.
Clouds and precipitation in the initial phase of marine cold air outbreaks as observed by airborne remote sensing
Authors: Schirmacher Imke , Schnitt Sabrina , Klingebiel Marcus , Maherndl Nina , Kirbus Benjamin , Ehrlich André , Mech Mario , Crewell Susanne
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) strongly affect the Arctic water cycle and, thus, climate through large-scale air mass transformations. The description of air mass transformations is still challenging partly because previous observations do not resolve fine scales, particularly for the initial development of a MCAO, and lack information about cloud microphysical properties. Therefore, we focus on the crucial initial development within the first 200 km over open water of two MCAO events with different strengths observed during the HALO-(AC)3 campaign. Based on unique sampling of high-resolution airborne remote sensing and in-situ measurements, the development of the boundary layer, formation of clouds, onset of precipitation, and riming are studied. For this purpose, we establish a novel approach, solely based on radar reflectivity measurements, to detect roll circulation that forms cloud streets. The two MCAO events observed in April 2022 just three days apart occurred under relatively similar thermodynamic conditions. However, for the first event, colder airmasses from the central Arctic led to a marine cold air outbreak index twice that high as for the second event. Thus, the two cases exhibit different properties of clouds, riming, and roll circulations though the width of the roll circulation is similar. For the stronger MCAO, cloud tops are higher, more liquid-topped clouds exist, the liquid layer at cloud top is wider, and the liquid water path, mean radar reflectivity, precipitation rate, and occurrence are increased. These parameters evolve with distance over open water, as seen by, e.g., boundary layer deepening and cloud top height rising. Generally, cloud streets form after traveling 15 km over open water. After 20 km, this formation enhances cloud cover to just below 100 %. After around 30 km, precipitation forms, though for the weaker event, the development of precipitation is shifted to larger distances. For the stronger event, we detect riming for cloud temperatures below -20 °C. The variability of rime mass has the same horizontal scales as the roll circulation implying the importance of roll circulation on precipitation. The detailed observations of the two MCAO events could serve as a valuable reference for future model intercomparison studies.
HESS Opinions: A few camels or a whole caravan?
Authors: Clerc-Schwarzenbach Franziska Maria , Selleri Giovanni , Neri Mattia , Toth Elena , van Meerveld Ilja , Seibert Jan
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Large-sample datasets containing hydrometeorological time series and catchment attributes for hundreds of catchments in a country, many of them known as “Camels” (catchment attributes and meteorology for large-sample studies), have revolutionized hydrological modelling and enabled comparative analyses. The Caravan dataset is a compilation of several (“Camels” and other) large-sample datasets with uniform attribute names and data structure. This simplifies large-sample hydrology across regions, continents, or the globe. However, the use of the Caravan dataset instead of the original Camels or other large-sample datasets may affect model results and the conclusions derived thereof. For the Caravan dataset, the meteorological forcing data are based on ERA5-Land reanalysis data. Here, we describe the differences between the original precipitation, temperature, and potential evapotranspiration (Epot) data for 1252 catchments in the CAMELS-US, CAMELS-BR, and CAMELS-GB datasets and the forcing data for these catchments in the Caravan dataset. The Epot in the Caravan dataset is unrealistically high for many catchments but there are, not surprisingly, also considerable differences in the precipitation data. We show that the use of the forcing data from the Caravan dataset impairs hydrological model calibration for the vast majority of catchments, i.e., there is a drop in the calibration performance when using the forcing data from the Caravan dataset compared to the original Camels datasets. This drop is mainly due to the differences in the precipitation data. Therefore, we suggest extending the Caravan dataset with the forcing data included in the original Camels datasets wherever possible, so that users can choose which forcing data they want to use, or at least indicating clearly that the forcing data in Caravan come with a data quality loss and using the original datasets is recommended. Moreover, we suggest not using the Epot data (and derived catchment attributes, such as the aridity index) from the Caravan dataset and replacing these with (or based on) alternative Epot estimates.
Discrete Global Grid System-based Flow Routing Datasets in the Amazon and Yukon Basins
Authors: Liao Chang , Engwirda Darren , Cooper Matthew , Li Mingke , Fang Yilin
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Discrete Global Grid systems (DGGs) are emerging spatial data structures widely used to organize geospatial datasets across scales. While DGGs have found applications in various scientific disciplines, including atmospheric science and ecology, their integration into physically based hydrologic models and Earth System Models (ESMs) has been hindered by the lack of flow-routing datasets based on DGGs. In response to this gap, this study pioneers the development of new flow routing datasets using Icosahedral Snyder Equal Area (ISEA) DGGs and a novel mesh-independent flow direction model. We present flow routing datasets for two large basins, the tropical Amazon River Basin and the Arctic Yukon River Basin. These datasets demonstrate the potential of DGGs-based flow routing datasets to enhance the performance of hydrologic models and provide observationally-based flow routing inputs for immediate application to the Amazon and Yukon River Basins. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8377765 (Liao, 2023).
PM2.5 concentrations based on near-surface visibility at 4011 sites in the Northern Hemisphere from 1959 to 2022
Authors: Hao Hongfei , Wang Kaicun , Wu Guocan , Liu Jianbao , Li Jing
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Long-term PM2.5 data are needed to study the atmospheric environment, human health, and climate change. PM2.5 measurements are sparsely distributed and of short duration. In this study, daily PM2.5 concentrations are estimated from 1959 to 2022 using a machine learning method at 4011 terrestrial sites in the Northern Hemisphere based on hourly atmospheric visibility data, which are extracted from the Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR). PM2.5 monitoring is the target of machine learning, and atmospheric visibility and other related variables are the inputs. The training results show that the slope between the estimated PM2.5 concentration and the monitored PM2.5 concentration is 0.946± 0.0002 within the 95 % confidence interval (CI), the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.95, the root mean square error (RMSE) is 7.0 μg/m3, and the mean absolute error (MAE) is 3.1 μg/m3. The test results show that the slope between the predicted PM2.5 concentration and the monitored PM2.5 concentration is 0.862 ± 0.0010 within a 95 % CI, the R2 is 0.80, the RMSE is 13.5 μg/m3, and the MAE is 6.9 μg/m3. The multiyear mean PM2.5 concentrations from 1959 to 2022 in the United States, Canada, Europe, China, and India are 11.2 μg/m3, 8.2 μg/m3, 20.1 μg/m3, 51.3 μg/m3 and 88.6 μg/m3, respectively. PM2.5 is low and continues to decrease from 1959 to 2022. PM2.5 in the United States increases slightly at a rate of 0.38 μg/m3/decade from 1959 to 1990 and decreases at a rate of -1.32 μg/m3/decade from 1991 to 2022. Trends in Europe are positive (5.69 μg/m3/decade) from 1959 to 1972 and negative (-1.91 μg/m3/decade) from 1973 to 2022. Trends in China and India are increasing (3.04 and 3.35 μg/m3/decade, respectively) from 1959 to 2012 and decreasing (-38.82 and -42.84 μg/m3/decade, respectively) from 2013 to 2022. The dataset is available at National Tibetan Plateau / Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.301127) (Hao et al., 2024).
Changes in flowing drainage network and stream chemistry during rainfall events for two pre-Alpine catchments
Authors: Bujak-Ozga Izabela , von Freyberg Jana , Zimmer Margaret , Rinaldo Andrea , Benettin Paolo , van Meerveld Ilja
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Many headwater catchments embed non-perennial streams that flow only during wet conditions or in response to rainfall events. The onset and cessation of flow results in a dynamic stream network that periodically expands and contracts. The onset of flow can flush sediment and nutrients from previously dry streambeds and enhance carbon processing rates. The expansion of the flowing drainage network also increases hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and streams because it decreases travel distances to the stream. However, datasets on flowing drainage network dynamics during rainfall events and short-term changes in stream chemistry are rare. This limits our interpretation of hydrological processes and changes in stream chemistry during events. Here, we present joint hourly measurements of solute concentrations and stable isotopes from precipitation and streamflow at the outlets of two 5-ha catchments in the Swiss pre-Alps during seven rainfall-runoff events in the snow-free season of 2021. Relevant samples were also collected from soil- and groundwater across the catchments before and after rainfall events. In addition, 10-min frequency information was collected on the flowing drainage network length. We used these synoptic measurements to infer the dominant runoff-generating mechanisms for the two experimental catchments. Despite their proximity and similar size, soil and bedrock features, the flowing drainage network dynamics proved very different for the two catchments. In the flatter catchment (average slope: 15°), the stream network was more dynamic and expanded rapidly, up to 10-fold, while in the steeper catchment (average slope: 24°), it remained relatively stable (only a 2-fold change). The event water contributions were also higher for the flatter catchment. The dilution of calcium at the time of the rapid expansion of the network and increase in discharge suggested that the contribution of rainfall falling directly on the stream channels is important, especially for the smaller events during dry conditions. In wet conditions, unchanneled areas must have contributed event water as well. In the flatter catchment endowed with the more dynamic stream network, a “first flush” of nitrate was detectable, possibly attributed to the transport of material from previously dry stream segments. In the catchment characterized by a more stable flowing drainage network, such flush was not observed and nitrate concentrations decreased, suggesting enhanced contributions from riparian groundwater with reducing conditions during rainfall events. Our experimental study not only highlights the large differences observable in stream network dynamics and stream chemical responses for neighboring, nearly equal-size catchments but also shows the value of fine-scale observations on both the channel network dynamics and stream chemistry to fully understand runoff generation mechanisms.
Root water uptake patterns are controlled by tree species interactions and soil water variability
Authors: Demir Gökben , Guswa Andrew J. , Filipzik Janett , Metzger Johanna Clara , Römermann Christine , Hildebrandt Anke
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Root water uptake depends on soil moisture which is primarily fed by throughfall in forests. Several biotic and abiotic elements shape the spatial distribution of throughfall. It is well documented that throughfall patterns result in reoccurring higher and lower water inputs at certain locations. However, how the spatial distribution of throughfall affects root water uptake patterns remains unresolved. Therefore, we investigate root water uptake patterns by considering spatial patterns of throughfall and soil water in addition to soil and neighboring tree characteristics. In a beech-dominated mixed deciduous forest in a temperate climate, we conducted intensive throughfall sampling at locations paired with soil moisture sensors during the 2019 growing season. We employed a linear mixed-effects model to understand controlling factors in root water uptake patterns. Our results show that soil water patterns and interactions among neighboring trees are the most significant factors regulating root water uptake patterns. Temporally stable throughfall patterns did not influence root water uptake patterns. Similarly, soil properties were unimportant for spatial patterns of root water uptake. We found that wetter locations (rarely associated with throughfall hotspots) promoted greater root water uptake. Root water uptake in monitored soil layers also increased with neighborhood species richness. Ultimately our findings suggest that complementarity mechanisms within the forest stand, in addition to soil water variability and availability, govern root water uptake patterns.
Mangroves as nature-based mitigation for ENSO-driven compound flood risks in a large river delta
Authors: Pelckmans Ignace , Belliard Jean-Philippe , Gourgue Olivier , Dominguez-Granda Luis Elvin , Temmerman Stijn
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Densely populated coastal river deltas are very vulnerable to compound flood risks coming from both oceanic and riverine sources. Climate change may increase these compound flood risks due to sea level rise and intensifying precipitation events. Here, we investigate to what extent nature-based flood defence strategies, through the conservation of mangroves in a tropical river delta, can contribute to mitigate the oceanic and riverine components of compound flood risks. While current knowledge of estuarine compound flood risks is mostly focussed on short-term events such as storm surges (taking 1 or a few days), longer-term events, such as El Niño events (continuing for several weeks to months) along the Pacific coast of Latin America, are less studied. Here, we present a hydrodynamic modelling study of a large river delta in Ecuador aiming to elucidate the compound effects of El Niño-driven oceanic and riverine forcing on extreme high water level propagation through the delta and, in particular, the role of mangroves in reducing the compound high water levels. Our results show that the deltaic high water level anomalies are predominantly driven by the oceanic forcing but that the riverine forcing causes the anomalies to amplify upstream. Furthermore, mangroves in the delta attenuate part of the oceanic contribution to the high water level anomalies, with the attenuating effect increasing in the landward direction, while mangroves have a negligible effect on the riverine component. These findings show that mangrove conservation and restoration programmes can contribute to nature-based mitigation, especially the oceanic component of compound flood risks in a tropical river delta.
Modeling tsunami initial conditions due to rapid coseismic seafloor displacement: efficient numerical integration and a tool to build unit source databases
Authors: Abbate Alice , González Vida José M. , Castro Díaz Manuel J. , Romano Fabrizio , Bayraktar Hafize Başak , Babeyko Andrey , Lorito Stefano
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The initial condition for the simulation of a seismically-induced tsunami for a rapid, assumed instantaneous, vertical seafloor displacement is given by the Kajiura low-pass filter integral. This work proposes a new efficient and accurate approach for its numerical evaluation, valid when the sea floor displacement is discretized as a set of rectangular contributions. We compare several truncated quadrature formulae, selecting the optimal one. We verify that we can satisfactorily approximate the initial sea level perturbation as a linear combination of those induced by the elementary sea floor displacements. The methodology is tested on the tsunamigenic Kuril earthquake doublet – a megathrust and an outer-rise – occurred in the Central Kuril Islands in late 2006 and early 2007. We also confirm the importance of the horizontal contribution to the tsunami generation and we consider a simple model of the inelastic deformation of the wedge, on a realistic bathymetry. The proposed approach results accurate and fast enough to be considered relevant for practical applications, and a tool is provided to create tsunami unit source databases for a given region of interest.
ICDP workshop on the Lake Victoria Drilling Project (LVDP): scientific drilling of the world's largest tropical lake
Authors: Berke Melissa A. , Peppe Daniel J. ,   the LVDP team
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Lake Victoria, which is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, and has a catchment that extends to Rwanda and Burundi, is home to the largest human population surrounding any lake in the world and provides critical resources across eastern Africa. Lake Victoria is also the world's largest tropical lake by surface area, but it is relatively shallow and without a major inlet, making it very sensitive to changes in climate, and especially hydroclimate. Furthermore, its size creates abundant habitats for aquatic fauna, including the iconic hyper-diverse cichlids, and serves as a major geographic barrier to terrestrial fauna across equatorial Africa. Given Lake Victoria's importance to the eastern African region, its sensitivity to climate, and its influences on terrestrial and aquatic faunal evolution and dispersal, it is vital to understand the connection between the lake and regional climate and how the lake size, shape, and depth have changed through its depositional history. This information can only be ascertained by collecting a complete archive of Lake Victoria's sedimentary record. To evaluate the Lake Victoria basin as a potential drilling target, ∼ 50 scientists from 10 countries met in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in July 2022 for the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP)-sponsored Lake Victoria Drilling Project (LVDP) workshop. Discussions of the main scientific objectives for a future drilling project included (1) recovering the Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary records of Lake Victoria that document the dynamic nature of the lake, including multiple lacustrine and paleosol sequences; (2) establishing the chronology of recovered sediments, including using extensive tephra fingerprinting and other techniques from deposits in the region; (3) reconstructing past climate, environment, lacustrine conditions, and aquatic fauna, using an integrated multi-proxy approach, combined with climate and hydrologic modeling; and (4) connecting new records with existing sedimentary snapshots and fossils exposed in deposits around the lake, tying archaeological, paleontological, sedimentological, tectonic, and volcanic findings to new drilling results. The LVDP provides an innovative way to address critical geological, paleontological, climatological, and evolutionary biological questions about Quaternary to modern landscapes and ecosystems in eastern Africa. Importantly, this project affords an excellent opportunity to help develop conservation and management strategies for regional responses to current and future changes in climate, land use, fisheries, and resiliency of at-risk communities in equatorial Africa.
NorthGreen: unlocking records from sea to land in Northeast Greenland
Authors: Pérez Lara F. , Knutz Paul C. , Hopper John R. , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , O'Regan Matt , Jones Stephen
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The increasing anthropogenic CO2 forcing of the climate system calls for a better understanding of how polar ice sheets may respond to accelerating global warming. The sensitivity of the Greenland ice sheet to polar amplification, changes in ocean heat transport, and deteriorating perennial sea ice conditions makes the Northeast Greenland margin a pertinent location with respect to understanding the impact of climate change on ice sheet instability and associated sea level rise. Throughout the Cenozoic, ocean heat fluxes toward and along Northeast Greenland have been controlled by water mass exchanges between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans. A key element here is the current flow through oceanic gateways, notably the Fram Strait and the Greenland–Scotland Ridge. To gain a long-term (million-year) perspective of ice sheet variability in this region, it is essential to understand the broader context of ice–ocean–tectonic interactions. Coupling between the ice sheet, the subsurface, the ocean, and sea ice are readily observable today in Northeast Greenland, but geological records to illuminate long-term trends and their interplay with other parts of the global climate system are lacking. Consequently, the NorthGreen workshop was organized by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland in collaboration with Aarhus (Denmark) and Stockholm (Sweden) universities in November 2022 to develop mission-specific platform (MSP) proposals for drilling the Northeast Greenland margin under the umbrella of the MagellanPlus Workshop Series Programme of the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD). Seventy-one participants representing a broad scientific community discussed key scientific questions and primary targets that could be addressed through scientific drilling in Northeast Greenland. Three pre-proposals were initiated during the workshop targeting Morris Jesup Rise, the Northeast Greenland continental shelf, and Denmark Strait.
Paleogene Earth perturbations in the US Atlantic Coastal Plain (PEP-US): coring transects of hyperthermals to understand past carbon injections and ecosystem responses
Authors: Robinson Marci M. , Miller Kenneth G. , Babila Tali L. , Bralower Timothy J. , Browning James V. , Cramwinckel Marlow J. , Doubrawa Monika , Foster Gavin L. , Fung Megan K. , Kinney Sean , Makarova Maria , McLaughlin Peter P. , Pearson Paul N. , Röhl Ursula , Schaller Morgan F. , Self-Trail Jean M. , Sluijs Appy , Westerhold Thomas , Wright James D. , Zachos James C.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The release of over 4500 Gt (gigatonnes) of carbon at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary provides the closest geological analog to modern anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The cause(s) of and responses to the resulting Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and attendant carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) remain enigmatic and intriguing despite over 30 years of intense study. CIE records from the deep sea are generally thin due to its short duration and slow sedimentation rates, and they are truncated due to corrosive bottom waters dissolving carbonate sediments. In contrast, PETM coastal plain sections along the US mid-Atlantic margin are thick, generally having an expanded record of the CIE. Drilling here presents an opportunity to study the PETM onset to a level of detail that could transform our understanding of this important event. Previous drilling in this region provided important insights, but existing cores are either depleted or contain stratigraphic gaps. New core material is needed for well-resolved marine climate records. To plan new drilling, members of the international scientific community attended a multi-staged, hybrid scientific drilling workshop in 2022 designed to maximize not only scientifically and demographically diverse participation but also to protect participants' health and safety during the global pandemic and to reduce our carbon footprint. The resulting plan identified 10 sites for drill holes that would penetrate the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, targeting the pre-onset excursion (POE), the CIE onset, the rapidly deposited Marlboro Clay that records a very thick CIE body, and other Eocene hyperthermals. The workshop participants developed several primary scientific objectives related to investigating the nature and the cause(s) of the CIE onset as well as the biotic effects of the PETM on the paleoshelf. Additional objectives focus on the evidence for widespread wildfires and changes in the hydrological cycle, shelf morphology, and sea level during the PETM as well as the desire to study both underlying K–Pg sediments and overlying post-Eocene records of extreme hyperthermal climate events. All objectives address our overarching research question: what was the Earth system response to a rapid carbon cycle perturbation?
El dispositivo emprendedor y la producción política de nuevos sujetos del trabajo: el fenómeno influencer
Authors: Borges Gómez Efrén
Published: April 2024

La creciente popularidad y centralidad social del fenómeno de los influencers, asociado a la digitalización de la economía puede ser entendida como una expresión novedosa de la difusión del ethos emprendedor, en un contexto de expansión del proyecto neoliberal y deconstrucción política del trabajo. Este artículo aborda los rasgos que conforman estos nuevos arquetipos de buen trabajador a través del análisis de la proyección pública de los perfiles de Instagram de influemprendedores de reconocida popularidad. Atenderemos al tipo de narraciones y escenificaciones que despliegan los sujetos en sus estrategias de (re)presentación pública y promoción de su marca personal.
The Convergence of Slobozhanska Iconography in the Discourse of Western European Baroque
Authors: Panyok Tetyanа Volodymyrivna
Published: April 2024

Based on the analysis, generalization and systematization of documents, some well-known to researchers and others not so much investigated, this article studies the influence of Western European Baroque art on the iconography of the region of Slobozhanska (Ukraine) during the 17th and 18th centuries. It is argued that the use of Western European religious themes by Slobozhanshchyna icon painters, in combination with previous iconographic traditions and their transformation to the spiritual and religious features of the region, contributed to the development of a regional iconographic art, a process that could be regarded as a unique phenomenon in the history of Ukrainian culture. As the text will highlight, the stylistic program of Slobozhanshchyna iconography of the Baroque period was influenced by symbolic and emblematic Western European collections that inspired icon painters to create new iconographic subjects. To that aim, the article analyses the artistic and figurative system of iconography, considers its characteristic stylistic features, and draws attention to the borrowing of elements of Western European painting and graphics in Orthodox iconography.
Las joyas como espejo de virtudes: las mujeres y la Prudencia
Authors: Escalera Fernández Isabel
Published: April 2024

En la actualidad los estudios de joyería están cobrando cada vez más importancia. Las alhajas no solo servían para mostrar el poder que tenía su dueño, sino que contenían información acerca de los intereses y la personalidad de quien lo llevaba. Estas fueron utilizadas como un instrumento de prestigio por las élites. Desde fechas tempranas las mujeres comenzaron a usarlas para subrayar sus cualidades, apareciendo en estos pequeños objetos preciosos alusiones al carácter de su dueña. Uno de los motivos que comenzó a cobrar fuerza en las alhajas fue la representación de una virtud: la Prudencia. Aunque los tipos iconográficos de la Prudencia han variado con el paso del tiempo, su presencia en joyeles, pinjantes o insignias de sombrero aluden a la virtud de su portadora. Así, mediante las piezas que han llegado hasta la actualidad podremos analizar el papel que cumplieron.
La creación artística visual frente a los retos de la inteligencia artificial. Automatización creativa y cuestionamientos éticos
Authors: Martín Prada Juan
Published: April 2024

Este artículo aborda la emergencia de los modelos generativos de creación de imágenes basados en inteligencia artificial (IA) y su modo de funcionamiento mediante la conversión de descripciones de lenguaje natural (prompts) en imágenes. Se hace especial hincapié aquí en la problemática suscitada en torno a los aspectos éticos implicados en los procesos de entrenamiento de estos sistemas. Los riesgos de que estos modelos generativos catalicen una desvalorización de la creatividad humana en diversas dimensiones y de que la generalización de su uso promueva una cultura visual cada vez más derivativa e inauténtica son puntos centrales de este artículo. Asimismo, en la parte final, se describen algunas vías de la creación visual actual centradas en la tematización crítica de la inteligencia artificial, que sitúan la relación entre arte e IA no tanto en el aprovechamiento de la capacidad creativa (combinatoria, derivativa) de esta como en la indagación poética y crítica sobre sus efectos en la producción de nuestra subjetividad.
Teresa Diez me fecit y las pinturas del convento de Santa Clara de Toro. Algunas consideraciones epigráficas
Authors: Arribas Ramos Lara
Published: April 2024

El debate desarrollado en torno a la personalidad creadora de Teresa Díez, a partir de la inscripción con su nombre que se conservó en los frescos góticos del convento de clarisas de Toro, da prueba del interés que han venido despertando las firmas medievales en la historia del arte. La relevancia de esta decisión epigráfica por parte de la dama toresana trasciende, empero, el estudio de tal documento como fuente para la mera atestación del rol de Teresa como autora o comitente de los ciclos pictóricos. Aspectos tales como la carga simbólica que posee desde antiguo la palabra en su condición de signo visual, o la ubicación de las grafías dentro de un espacio de clausura femenina permiten profundizar en algunos de los usos dados a esta inscripción en su calidad de imagen. Desde tal punto de vista, su revisión permite aseverar, para este me fecit, una función ligada al ejercicio de la memoria personal e institucional a través de la enunciación del nombre de la dama, del recuerdo de su linaje y de una intención de vinculación atemporal con la obra.
Intencionalidad, casualidad e intermedialidad. Crítica a una historiografía de la recepción de Babel en Pieter Bruegel el Viejo y la escuela de Amberes.
Authors: Bendito María
Published: April 2024

En el presente artículo se pretende cuestionar una gran parte de la literatura que la Historia del arte ha producido en torno al valor y significado de las dos torres de Babel de Pieter Bruegel el Viejo. Dicho cuestionamiento deriva de la advertencia de que los resultados son críticos e insuficientes cuando, en primer lugar, se someten a crisis los conceptos de semanticidad, autoría, tradición e intencionalidad; conceptos harto habituales en la disciplina de la Historia el arte y especialmente débiles cuando ésta intersecciona con metodologías propias de los Estudios Visuales o Culturales. En segundo lugar, cuando dichas torres se estudian en paralelo a otras imágenes consideradas tradicionalmente menores. Es decir, cuando se advierte que la historiografía ha considerado a Bruegel artífice de novedades en detrimento de otros artistas y medios de un aparente rango menor.  Y, finalmente, cuando se reformula la perspectiva desde donde deberían estudiarse estas imágenes y, en consecuencia, las preguntas.
IMPLEMENTASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BANK INDONESIA TERHADAP PENGAWASAN KUPVA BB DI WILAYAH KERJA KPw BI KEDIRI
Authors: Oktaviana Nurdiana Kholida , Rahmatullah Arwin Yafi
Published: April 2024

Bank Indonesia merupakan suatu lembaga negara yang independen dan bebas dari campur tangan pemerintah. Bank Indonesia memiliki tugas utama yakni mengatur kestabilan nilai rupiah. Salah satu kantor perwakilan Bank Indonesia adalah kantor perwakilan wilayah Bank Indonesia Kediri atau yang biasa disingkat KPw BI Kediri. Pertumbuhan KUPVA BB di Indonesia masih memiliki kekurangan yakni pada regulasi yang mengatur tentang KUPVA BB atau money changer. Dengan banyaknya KUPVA BB atau money changer yang tidak mengantongi izin usaha dari Bank Indonesia, maka hal ini akan mengakibatkan banyaknya transaksi KUPVA yang tidak terkontrol. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yakni dengan meninjau literatur dan melakukan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Peran Bank Indonesia terhadap pengawasan KUPVA BB di wilayah kerja KPw BI Kediri dapat dikatakan berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien hal itu dilihat dari meningkatkan kuantitas jumlah KUPVA BB legal sebanyak 69 KUPVA BB yang telah memperoleh izin Bank Indonesia yang sebelumnya hanya terdapat 3 KUPVA BB yang memiliki perizinan legal.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERBANKAN SYARIAH DALAM MENDUKUNG AGENDA SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)
Authors: Akmalia Zirma Akmalia , Puspitaningrum Rani
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Pembiayaan, DPK, dan Qardh Hasan pada Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia, yang berpengaruh terhadap Adjusted National Income Per Capita, Manufacturing Value Added, dan GINI Index. Penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis regresi linear berganda dengan perolehan data dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2022. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pembiayaan dan DPK tidak berpengaruh terhadap GINI Index di Indonesia tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2022. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, Qardh berpengaruh terhadap GINI Index. Sebagaimana yang kita ketahui Qardh adalah peminjaman yang diberikan perbankan kepada nasabah tanpa imbal hasil. Qardh dapat menjaga perekonomian dan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat dapat dilihat pada nilai probabilitas qardh adalah 0.0755 < 0,1 yang
artinya qardh berpengaruh terhadap GINI Index Secara keseluruhan pembiayaan, DPK, dan Qardh tidak berpengaruh terhadap Adjusted National Income Per Capita di Indonesia tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2022. Secara keseluruhan pembiayaan, DPK, dan Qardh tidak berpengaruh terhadap Manufacturing Value Added di Indonesia tahun 2015 sampai dengan 2022.