bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Aspects of Support for Institutions Responsible
for the Internal Security of the State by the Armed Forces
Authors: Wiśniewski Bernard
Published: July 2017

This article presents the basic theoretical issues related to the use of armed forces to support the actions of institutions responsible for the internal security of the state. The reflections presented are based on an analysis of the literature on security sciences, generally applicable laws and directives of a strategic nature related to national security issues of the Republic of Poland. The basis for the discussion was a presentation of the significance of the effectiveness of the internal security system — the vision and the state security strategy. This served to illustrate the basic areas of support that have been identified on the basis of the common use of the term “internal security”. It is assumed that these are public safety and general security, understood as the components of the internal security of the state. An important issue in this part of the article is an overview of these types of security, which allows the relationships between them to be indicated. This range of considerations has consequently enabled the presentation of the rules of support for institutions responsible for the internal security of the state by the armed forces. Rules that have scientific justification, unmatchable practical value and that are systematically improved in the course of the day-to-day activity of the entities mentioned. In the final part of the work a summary, along with an indication of the specific scope of support, has been made using the conclusions of the provisions of generally applicable law.
An Outline of the Legal Protection of Air in Poland and the European Union
Authors: Jurgilewicz Marcin , Jurgilewicz Oktawia
Published: July 2017

Air Protection is clearly an issue regulated both under Polish, as well as international, law especially European Union law. The area of this regulation is part of wide-ranging environmental protection issues, the essence of which should be considered mainly in the light of the numerous socio-economic transformations of the late twentieth century, as well as the development of the structures of the European Union and the Polish membership of this organisation since 2004. Currently, the broad regulations on air protection have been amended many times already by the Act of 27 April 2001. Environmental Protection Law and implementing Acts issued on its basis, define first and foremost the principles for the protection of the environment and conditions for the use of its resources, taking into account the requirements of sustainable development and, in particular, the rules determining the conditions of conservation of the environment, the conditions for the introduction of substances or energy into the environment, the costs of using the environment as well as the responsibilities of authorities and responsibilities and sanctions. Its provisions do not apply to matters covered in nuclear law and in respect of the obligation to hold a permit, issue a decision on an acceptable level of noise, or pay fees in the case of conducting rescue operations, as well as the noise arising in connection with the widespread use of the environment. This article includes the issues of formation and characteristics of the current normative regulations relating to the protection of the air as part of the environment both in regard to Polish, as well as foreign, legislation.
Experiences of Green Building Professionals With Water‐Related Systems
Authors: Chambers Benjamin D. , Pearce Annie R. , Edwards Marc A. , Dymond Randel L.
Published: July 2017

An internet survey sent to green building professionals explored the level of users' satisfaction with several water‐saving products and methods.
The Kaleidoscope View of Workforce Diversity and Inclusion
Authors: Irby‐Butler Teresa
Published: July 2017

As a child, I was fascinated with kaleidoscopes. I was intrigued that the image was ever changing even though I neither added nor removed any of the kaleidoscope's glass fragments. It was a closed device that changed its reflection on the basis of how I manipulated it. Similarly, the resources needed to meet our workforce requirements have generally been in hand, but the water industry needs to rotate the kaleidoscope's object box to create new, more vibrant perspectives to improve its workforce.
I, Robot?
Authors: Mercer Kenneth L.
Published: July 2017

Several workforce issues have remained troublesome over time in the water industry. Chief among these is an aging workforce and the subsequent expectation that a forthcoming wave of retirements will result in the loss of significant institutional knowledge. Indeed, some utilities have reported that over 50% of their workforces are eligible to retire in the next five years. While we've been warned to brace for this Silver Tsunami, the water industry has also continued its historical struggle to attract and retain the best employees to fill positions across a spectrum of careers. As if tackling these issues weren't enough, it seems we must also begin to face up to the fact that we will soon all be replaced by robots.
El proyecto europeísta de la filosofía krausista
Authors: Manzanero Delia
Published: July 2017

En primer lugar, este artículo se propone estudiar cómo el desarrollo de la filosofía del derecho krausista contribuyó al desarrollo político de España y cómo esta corriente iusfilosófica se constituyó como un movimiento modernizador de la Filosofía del Derecho y la Ciencia política española. En segundo lugar, profundizaremos en los principios básicos de la teoría sociológico-jurídica krausista que han constituido un factor de europeización de primer orden como son: su fondo insobornablemente liberal, su clara vocación europeísta y su profunda fe en la cultura y en las posibilidades de un cambio social a través de un cambio ético del hombre individual.
El ‘empresario de sí mismo’: el olvido de Antonio Negri
Authors: Gómez Villar Antonio
Published: July 2017

Antonio Negri es un gran conocedor de la obra del filósofo francés Michel Foucault. Su diálogo con él y con el post-estructuralismo francés es amplio y sostenido. Sin embargo, existe una importante omisión en la obra de Negri que este artículo pretende problematizar: la figura del ‘empresario de sí mismo’, tratada por Foucault en El Nacimiento de la biopolítica. Nuestra hipótesis es que la razón de dicha omisión la encontramos en la ‘ontología del hacer’ que atraviesa toda la obra de Negri. Atender a esta ausencia no es un fin en sí mismo. Nos interesa en tanto el ‘empresario de sí’ se nos presenta como una figura fundamental con la que entender los procesos de subjetivación propios del neoliberalismo; y en tanto encarna la temporalidad propia de la lógica de la explotación neoliberal.
El presente en suspenso. Estratos del tiempo y la pregunta por lo contemporáneo a partir del pensamiento de Reinhalt Koselleck
Authors: Svampa Lucila
Published: July 2017

Los intentos por aprender de la historia considerando las “lecciones” que ofrece abren un amplio terreno de discusión sobre los modos de aproximarnos a ella. Ahora bien, cuando nos referimos a eventos traumáticos, las demandas por superar el pasado dejando atrás viejas disputas presuponen una reivindicación de una estructura cronológica de las dimensiones temporales. En el futuro trabajo buscaremos explorar dicho punto de partida, indagando sobre alternativas centradas en una resignificación de los modos en que comprendemos la historicidad. Esto se llevará adelante estudiando principalmente la noción de estratos del tiempo propuesta por el historiador alemán Reinhalt Koselleck y formulando el impacto que esto tiene no solo para pensar el pasado, sino también el presente y el futuro.
BERTINETTO, Alessandro, Eseguire l’inastesso. Ontologia della musica e improvvisazione. Il glifo Ebooks, Colecc. Melisma, mayo 2016.
Authors: Alcaraz León María José
Published: July 2017

Reseña del libro:
Bertinetto, Alessandro,

Eseguire l’inastesso. Ontologia della musica e improvvisazione.
Il glifo Ebooks, Colecc. Melisma, ISBN: 9788897527343, mayo 2016.
Canadian History Blogging: Reflections at the Intersection of Digital Storytelling, Academic Research, and Public Outreach
Authors: Adcock Tina , Grant Keith , Nation-Knapper Stacy , Robertson Beth , Slumkoski Corey
Published: July 2017

This article surveys the impacts of blogging on Canadian historical practice to date. Drawing upon the experiences and practices of five collaborative or multi-author Canadian history blogs — ActiveHistory.ca, The Otter~La Loutre, Findings/Trouvailles, the Acadiensis Blog, and Borealia — it explores how this activity is changing the ways in which Canadian historians tell stories, publish their research, teach, and serve academic and wider communities. Blogging has encouraged new forms of historical storytelling and the inclusion of underrepresented and marginalized voices in public discussions of Canadian historical narratives. It is being integrated into cycles of academic publication and undergraduate and graduate classrooms. Yet challenges remain with regard to determining the place and value of blogging within standard paradigms of academic labour. As more Canadian historians come to read, write for, and edit historical blogs, however, they will not only help shift the practice of Canadian history inside and outside university campuses, but will also experience the pleasures and rewards of this kind of digital historical work for themselves.
State Capacity in Russia, Past and Present: A Commentary on Yanni Kotsonis, States of Obligation: Taxes and Citizenship in the Russian Empire and Early Soviet Republic
Authors: Chandler Andrea
Published: July 2017

The author provides a commentary on Yanni Kotsonis, States of Obligation: Taxes and Citizenship in the Russian Empire and the Early Soviet Republic. Many of the challenges of pre-revolutionary taxation, as identified by Kotsonis, continue to exist even today in Putin’s Russia. The country’s large size, unwieldy state and the precarious basis of individual rights continue to make it difficult to establish a cohesive taxation system. At the same time, taxation is dynamic and contested in many states, precisely because it is difficult to balance the complexity of modern taxation with the fair treatment that citizens expect to receive from their state.
International and Interpretive Dimensions
Authors: Kotsonis Yanni
Published: July 2017

The author engages the comments of his colleagues on his book, States of Obligation, and reiterates the international and interpretive dimensions of the monograph.
Les différents processus d’apprentissage vécus par des professionnels de la santé participant à une communauté de pratique
Authors: GOSSELIN Marilène , VIAU-GUAY Anabelle , BOURASSA Bruno
Published: July 2017

Le but de cet article est de dégager les processus d’apprentissage pouvant être déployés par des participants à une communauté de pratique dans une perspective de développement professionnel constructiviste. Les données sont présentées selon le modèle de l’apprentissage humain de Jarvis (2010). Les résultats révèlent que tous les types de processus d’apprentissage, tel que suggéré théoriquement par Jarvis, que ce soit des apprentissages non réflexif, réflexif ou réfléchi ou encore une absence d’apprentissage immédiat, peuvent être vécus au sein d’une communauté de pratique. Une prédominance à certains types de processus se dessine selon les prédispositions personnelles. Ces prédispositions et le monde vécu ont une influence sur l’interprétation de l’expérience et donc sur les apprentissages qui en découlent pour la pratique ou chez la personne.
L’accueil des parents en néonatalogie : apprendre une activité « banale »
Authors: OLRY Paul
Published: July 2017

L’accueil des parents en néonatalogie est une activité méconnue des infirmières du domaine. Il concerne un objet : l’accompagnement à la parentalité que peut mettre à mal la naissance d’une enfant prématurée. Il s’agit dans cette activité des soignants de mettre en travail le lien d’attachement connexe au processus d’appropriation d’un enfant. On définit d’abord ce que l’on entend par accompagnement et soutien à la parentalité dans l’espace de la néonatalogie. Le cadrage théorique de la recherche prend principalement appui sur les concepts d’expérience, de compétence dans leur rapport au couple situation/activité. Ce cadre réfère ainsi à une didactique professionnelle, choix opéré pour deux raisons. C’est d’abord une méthode d’approche du travail pour conduire une analyse de l’activité des infirmières et puéricultrices ; c’est ensuite une voie pour comprendre comment se décline cette compétence sur le terrain, en comparant plusieurs professionnelles1.
L’exercice délibératif dans le contexte de rapports linguistiques complexes : le cas du Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Paulin Christine C.
Published: July 2017

Dans la littérature sur les instruments d’action publique (IAP), il n’y a que très peu de prise en considération des variables contextuelles et de leurs effets sur la conception des instruments, de même que sur le processus de formulation des politiques publiques. Or, par l’entremise d’une étude empirique sur la question à partir du cas du Nouveau-Brunswick, nous pouvons mettre en relief le rôle de la dimension linguistique en tant que l’une des variables contextuelles ayant le plus d’influence sur la conception des IAP (plus précisément sur lesmécanismes délibératifs) et sur le processus décisionnel qui en découle. En particulier, nous observons l’incidence que peut avoir la variable linguistique sur les mécanismes délibératifs, mais également sur les réseaux d’action publique impliqués dans l’exercice démocratique, sur les institutions étatiques, et sur le processus de production des politiques publiques. Nos constats permettent de conclure que les instruments se traduisent différemment dans un contexte de rapports linguistiques complexes (un bilan qui peut d’ailleurs se transposer à l’infranational bilingue, où cohabitent diverses communautés linguistiques).
PTEN controls glandular morphogenesis through a juxtamembrane β-Arrestin1/ARHGAP21 scaffolding complex
Authors: Javadi Arman , Deevi Ravi K , Evergren Emma , Blondel-Tepaz Elodie , Baillie George S , Scott Mark GH , Campbell Frederick C
Published: July 2017

PTEN controls three-dimensional (3D) glandular morphogenesis by coupling juxtamembrane signaling to mitotic spindle machinery. While molecular mechanisms remain unclear, PTEN interacts through its C2 membrane-binding domain with the scaffold protein β-Arrestin1. Because β-Arrestin1 binds and suppresses the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein ARHGAP21, we hypothesize that PTEN controls Cdc42 -dependent morphogenic processes through a β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 complex. Here, we show that PTEN knockdown (KD) impairs β-Arrestin1 membrane localization, β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions, Cdc42 activation, mitotic spindle orientation and 3D glandular morphogenesis. Effects of PTEN deficiency were phenocopied by β-Arrestin1 KD or inhibition of β-Arrestin1-ARHGAP21 interactions. Conversely, silencing of ARHGAP21 enhanced Cdc42 activation and rescued aberrant morphogenic processes of PTEN-deficient cultures. Expression of the PTEN C2 domain mimicked effects of full-length PTEN but a membrane-binding defective mutant of the C2 domain abrogated these properties. Our results show that PTEN controls multicellular assembly through a membrane-associated regulatory protein complex composed of β-Arrestin1, ARHGAP21 and Cdc42.
Super-resolution imaging of synaptic and Extra-synaptic AMPA receptors with different-sized fluorescent probes
Authors: Lee Sang Hak , Jin Chaoyi , Cai En , Ge Pinghua , Ishitsuka Yuji , Teng Kai Wen , de Thomaz Andre A , Nall Duncan , Baday Murat , Jeyifous Okunola , Demonte Daniel , Dundas Christopher M , Park Sheldon , Delgado Jary Y , Green William N , Selvin Paul R
Published: July 2017

Previous studies tracking AMPA receptor (AMPAR) diffusion at synapses observed a large mobile extrasynaptic AMPAR pool. Using super-resolution microscopy, we examined how fluorophore size and photostability affected AMPAR trafficking outside of, and within, post-synaptic densities (PSDs) from rats. Organic fluorescent dyes (≈4 nm), quantum dots, either small (≈10 nm diameter; sQDs) or big (>20 nm; bQDs), were coupled to AMPARs via different-sized linkers. We find that >90% of AMPARs labeled with fluorescent dyes or sQDs were diffusing in confined nanodomains in PSDs, which were stable for 15 min or longer. Less than 10% of sQD-AMPARs were extrasynaptic and highly mobile. In contrast, 5–10% of bQD-AMPARs were in PSDs and 90–95% were extrasynaptic as previously observed. Contrary to the hypothesis that AMPAR entry is limited by the occupancy of open PSD ‘slots’, our findings suggest that AMPARs rapidly enter stable ‘nanodomains’ in PSDs with lifetime >15 min, and do not accumulate in extrasynaptic membranes.
Two new species of the Brachycephaluspernix group (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the state of Paraná, southern Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz F. , Blackburn David C. , Stanley Edward L. , Pie Marcio R. , Bornschein Marcos R.
Published: July 2017

We describe two new species of miniaturized toadlet in the B. pernix group of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Paraná, southern Brazil. The first new species is distinguished from all congeners by the pale red coloration from the head to the pelvic region, with sides of the body and thighs dorsally yellowish green. It is known only from the type locality in a cloud forest at altitudes ranging between 1,144–1,228 m a.s.l. The second species, although more closely related to B. izecksohni, is morphologically similar to B. brunneus in its overall brown coloration, but distinct from that species in the color of the iris (black with conspicuous golden spots, instead of entirely black). It was found on three mountains, at altitudes between 1,095–1,320 m a.s.l., and in vegetation types including cloud forest, montane forest, and secondary forest. The two new species exhibit neither vertebral fusions nor osteoderms, but one has both a distinct neopalatine and well-developed odontoids on the maxillae. We discuss the conservation status of both species.
A data set with kinematic and ground reaction forces of human balance
Authors: dos Santos Damiana A. , Fukuchi Claudiane A. , Fukuchi Reginaldo K. , Duarte Marcos
Published: July 2017

This article describes a public data set containing the three-dimensional kinematics of the whole human body and the ground reaction forces (with a dual force platform setup) of subjects who were standing still for 60 s in different conditions, in which the subjects’ vision and the standing surface were manipulated. Twenty-seven young subjects and 22 old subjects were evaluated. The data set comprises a file with metadata plus 1,813 files with the ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematics data for the 49 subjects (three files for each of the 12 trials plus one file for each subject). The file with metadata has information about each subject’s sociocultural, demographic, and health characteristics. The files with the GRF have the data from each force platform and from the resultant GRF (including the center of pressure data). The files with the kinematics contain the three-dimensional positions of 42 markers that were placed on each subject’s body and 73 calculated joint angles. In this text, we illustrate how to access, analyze, and visualize the data set. All the data is available at Figshare (DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.4525082), and a companion Jupyter Notebook presents programming code to access the data set, generate analyses and other examples. The availability of a public data set on the Internet that contains these measurements and information about how to access and process this data can potentially boost the research on human postural control, increase the reproducibility of studies, and be used for training and education, among other applications.
Three new species of Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) from south Western Ghats, India
Authors: Mathew Jose , Yohannan Regy , Conn Barry J
Published: July 2017

Three new species of Plectranthus (Lamiaceae) from south Western Ghats are here recognised for the first time, viz., Plectranthus petricola J.Mathew & B.J.Conn, Plectranthus idukkianus J.Mathew, Yohannan & B.J.Conn and Plectranthus saxorum J.Mathew, Yohannan & B.J.Conn. Taxonomic descriptions, morphological differences to their allied taxa and colour photographs are provided to facilitate easy identification in the field.
Modeling of viscoelastic properties of nonpermeable porous rocks saturated with highly viscous fluid at seismic frequencies at the core scale
Authors: Wang Zizhen , Schmitt Douglas R. , Wang Ruihe
Published: July 2017

A core scale modeling method for viscoelastic properties of rocks saturated with viscous fluid at low frequencies is developed based on the stress‐strain method. The elastic moduli dispersion of viscous fluid is described by the Maxwell's spring‐dash pot model. Based on this modeling method, we numerically test the effects of frequency, fluid viscosity, porosity, pore size, and pore aspect ratio on the storage moduli and the stress‐strain phase lag of saturated rocks. And we also compared the modeling results to the Hashin‐Shtrikman bounds and the coherent potential approximation (CPA). The dynamic moduli calculated from the modeling are lower than the predictions of CPA, and both of these fall between the Hashin‐Shtrikman bounds. The modeling results indicate that the frequency and the fluid viscosity have similar effects on the dynamic moduli dispersion of fully saturated rocks. We observed the Debye peak in the phase lag variation with the change of frequency and viscosity. The pore structure parameters, such as porosity, pore size, and aspect ratio affect the rock frame stiffness and result in different viscoelastic behaviors of the saturated rocks. The stress‐strain phase lags are larger with smaller stiffness contrasts between the rock frame and the pore fluid. The viscoelastic properties of saturated rocks are more sensitive to aspect ratio compared to other pore structure parameters. The results suggest that significant seismic dispersion (at about 50–200 Hz) might be expected for both compressional and shear waves passing through rocks saturated with highly viscous fluids.
Dissolved scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum in the surface waters of the North Atlantic: Potential use as an indicator of scavenging intensity
Authors: Till C. P. , Shelley R. U. , Landing W. M. , Bruland K. W.
Published: July 2017

Recent work has begun to elucidate the biogeochemical cycling of scandium (Sc) in the open ocean, but so far no surface distribution data have been reported of dissolved Sc, and no basin‐scale surface distributions have been reported of yttrium (Y) or lanthanum (La). This work presents basin‐wide surface Sc, Y, and La data in a section across the North Atlantic subtropical gyre (2011 GEOTRACES GA03) and investigates the potential utility of these distributions. This work uses dissolved and aerosol concentration data for La and Sc to estimate their surface ocean residence times in both the center of the oligotrophic gyre and near the African coastline. This work additionally shows that the surface distribution of Sc in the North Atlantic correlates with the shape of the gyre as inferred by isotherm depth, with lower Sc concentrations at the gyre boundaries. This pattern suggests that Sc could be drawn down by the elevated particle flux at the gyre boundaries. In this case, Sc removal could be used as an indicator of scavenging intensity. In order to account for variable input of Sc to the surface ocean, we propose normalizing the Sc distribution to that of Y or La, which are much less particle reactive and are input via dust to the surface North Atlantic in constant ratios with Sc. Such normalization improves the correlation with isotherm depth. We propose that the variations in dissolved Y/Sc and La/Sc ratios may be due to preferential Sc scavenging and could therefore indicate scavenging intensity.
Self‐Assembled Injectable Nanocomposite Hydrogels Stabilized by Bisphosphonate‐Magnesium (Mg2+) Coordination Regulates the Differentiation of Encapsulated Stem Cells via Dual Crosslinking
Authors: Zhang Kunyu , Feng Qian , Xu Jianbin , Xu Xiayi , Tian Feng , Yeung Kelvin W. K. , Bian Liming
Published: July 2017

Nanocomposite hydrogels consist of a polymer matrix embedded with nanoparticles (NPs), which provide the hydrogels with unique bioactivities and mechanical properties. Incorporation of NPs via in situ precipitation in the polymer matrix further enhances these desirable hydrogel properties. However, the noncytocompatible pH, osmolality, and lengthy duration typically required for such in situ precipitation strategies preclude cell encapsulation in the resultant hydrogels. Bisphosphonate (BP) exhibits a variety of specific bioactivities and excellent binding affinity to multivalent cations such as magnesium ions (Mg2+). Here, the preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels via self‐assembly driven by bisphosphonate‐Mg2+ coordination is described. Upon mixing solutions of polymer bearing BPs, BP monomer (Ac‐BP), and Mg2+, this effective and dynamic coordination leads to the rapid self‐assembly of Ac‐BP‐Mg NPs which function as multivalent crosslinkers stabilize the resultant hydrogel structure at physiological pH. The obtained nanocomposite hydrogels are self‐healing and exhibit improved mechanical properties compared to hydrogels prepared by blending prefabricated NPs. Importantly, the hydrogels in this study allow the encapsulation of cells and subsequent injection without compromising the viability of seeded cells. Furthermore, the acrylate groups on the surface of Ac‐BP‐Mg NPs enable facile temporal control over the stiffness and crosslinking density of hydrogels via UV‐induced secondary crosslinking, and it is found that the delayed introduction of this secondary crosslinking enhances cell spreading and osteogenesis.
Catalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Electron‐Deficient Enynes Promoted by Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide‐Scandium(III) Complex
Authors: Zhang Hang , Yao Qian , Lin Lili , Xu Chaoran , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: July 2017

An asymmetric epoxidation of electron‐deficient enynes with environmentally benign aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant has been accomplished by developing a chiral N,N′‐dioxide‐Scandium(III) complex catalytic system. In the presence of 0.5–2 mol% catalyst, a variety of trisubstituted alkynyl oxiranes were obtained in high yields (up to 97%) with excellent ee values (up to 99%). Furthermore, control experiments provide a fundamental insight into the reaction mechanism.

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Teaching Quality Improvement in Emergency Medicine Training Programs: A Review of Best Practices
Authors: Mondoux Shawn , Chan Teresa M. , Ankel Felix , Sklar David P.
Published: July 2017

International graduate medical accreditation bodies are placing increasing emphasis on resident education and competency in the principles of quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS). Current QIPS educational curricula are heterogeneous and variably attain stated objectives. We have conducted a review of QIPS curricular best practices and barriers to implementation of successful QIPS curricula and provide clear solutions aimed at overcoming these barriers. Emergency medicine programs provide fertile ground for QIPS initiatives and can become world leaders in QIPS curricular development and education.
Autopsy findings in EPG5‐related Vici syndrome with antenatal onset
Authors: Touraine Renaud , Laquerrière Annie , Petcu Carmen‐Adina , Marguet Florent , Byrne Susan , Mein Rachael , Yau Shu , Mohammed Shehla , Guibaud Laurent , Gautel Mathias , Jungbluth Heinz
Published: July 2017

Vici syndrome is one of the most extensive inherited human multisystem disorders and due to recessive mutations in EPG5 encoding a key autophagy regulator with a crucial role in autophagosome–lysosome fusion. The condition presents usually early in life, with features of severe global developmental delay, profound failure to thrive, (acquired) microcephaly, callosal agenesis, cataracts, cardiomyopathy, hypopigmentation, and combined immunodeficiency. Clinical course is variable but usually progressive and associated with high mortality. Here, we present a fetus, offspring of consanguineous parents, in whom callosal agenesis and other developmental brain abnormalities were detected on fetal ultrasound scan (US) and subsequent MRI scan in the second trimester. Postmortem examination performed after medically indicated termination of pregnancy confirmed CNS abnormalities and provided additional evidence for skin hypopigmentation, nascent cataracts, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Genetic testing prompted by a suggestive combination of features revealed a homozygous EPG5 mutation (c.5870‐1G>A) predicted to cause aberrant splicing of the EPG5 transcript. Our findings expand the phenotypical spectrum of EPG5‐related Vici syndrome and suggest that this severe condition may already present in utero. While callosal agenesis is not an uncommon finding in fetal medicine, additional presence of hypopigmentation, cataracts and cardiomyopathy is rare and should prompt EPG5 testing.
Co‐occurring Down syndrome and SUCLA2‐related mitochondrial depletion syndrome
Authors: Couser Natario L. , Marchuk Daniel S. , Smith Laurie D. , Arreola Alexandra , Kaiser‐Rogers Kathleen A. , Muenzer Joseph , Pandya Arti , Gucsavas‐Calikoglu Muge , Powell Cynthia M.
Published: July 2017

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 5 (MIM 612073) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the beta subunit of the succinate‐CoA ligase gene located within the 13q14 band. We describe two siblings of Hispanic descent with SUCLA2‐related mitochondrial depletion syndrome (encephalomyopathic form with methylmalonic aciduria); the older sibling is additionally affected with trisomy 21. SUCLA2 sequencing identified homozygous p.Arg284Cys pathogenic variants in both patients. This mutation has previously been identified in four individuals of Italian and Caucasian descent. The older sibling with concomitant disease has a more severe phenotype than what is typically described in patients with either SUCLA2‐related mitochondrial depletion syndrome or Down syndrome alone. The younger sibling, who has a normal female chromosome complement, is significantly less affected compared to her brother. While the clinical and molecular findings have been reported in about 50 patients affected with a deficiency of succinate‐CoA ligase caused by pathogenic variants in SUCLA2, this report describes the first known individual affected with both a mitochondrial depletion syndrome and trisomy 21.
Morbidity and mortality in infant mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei): A 46‐year retrospective review
Authors: Hassell James M. , Zimmerman Dawn , Cranfield Michael R. , Gilardi Kirsten , Mudakikwa Antoine , Ramer Jan , Nyirakaragire Elisabeth , Lowenstine Linda J.
Published: July 2017

Long‐term studies of morbidity and mortality in free‐ranging primates are scarce, but may have important implications for the conservation of extant populations. Infants comprise a particularly important age group, as variation in survival rates may have a strong influence on population dynamics. Since 1968, the Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project (MGVP, Inc.) and government partners have conducted a comprehensive health monitoring and disease investigation program on mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In an effort to better understand diseases in this species, we reviewed reliable field reports (n = 37), gross post‐mortem (n = 66), and histopathology (n = 53) reports for 103 infants (less than 3.5 years) mountain gorillas in the Virunga Massif. Our aim was to conduct the first comprehensive analysis of causes of infant mortality and to correlate histological evidence with antemortem morbidity in infant mountain gorillas. Causes of morbidity and mortality were described, and compared by age, sex, and over time. Trauma was the most common cause of death in infants (56%), followed by respiratory infections and aspiration (13%). Gastrointestinal parasitism (33%), atypical lymphoid hyperplasia (suggestive of infectious disease) (31%), and hepatic capillariasis (25%) were the most significant causes of antemortem morbidity identified post‐mortem. Identifying the causes of mortality and morbidity in infants of this critically endangered species will help to inform policy aimed at their protection and guide ante‐ and post‐mortem health monitoring and clinical decision‐making in the future.
A craniometric analysis of early modern Romania and Hungary: The roles of migration and conversion in shaping European Ottoman population history
Authors: Allen Kathryn Grow , von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Debate persists regarding the biological makeup of European Ottoman communities settled during the expansion of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th and 17th centuries, and the roles of conversion and migration in shaping demography and population history. The aim of this study was to perform an assessment of the biological affinities of three European Ottoman series based on craniometric data.

Materials and Methods

Craniometric data collected from three Ottoman series from Hungary and Romania were compared to European and Anatolian comparative series, selected to represent biological affinity representative of historically recorded migration and conversion influences. Sex‐separated samples were analyzed using D2‐matrices, along with principal coordinates and PERMANOVA analyses to investigate biological affinities. Discriminant function analysis was employed to assign Ottoman individuals to two potential classes: European or Anatolian.

Results

Affinity analyses show larger than expected biological differences between males and females within each of the Ottoman communities. Discriminant function analyses show that the majority of Ottoman individuals could be classified as either European or Anatolian with a high probability. Moreover, location within Europe proved influential, as the Ottomans from a location of more geopolitical importance (Budapest) diverged from more hinterland communities in terms of biological affinity patterns.

Discussion

The results suggest that male and female Ottomans may possess distinct population histories, with males and females divergent from each other in terms of their biological affinities. The Ottoman communities appear diverse in terms of constituting a mix of peoples from different biological backgrounds. The greater distances between sexes from the same community, and the differences between communities, may be evidence that the processes of migration and conversion impacted individual people and groups diversely.
Combined electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrical source imaging improves localization of pediatric focal epilepsy
Authors: Centeno Maria , Tierney Tim M. , Perani Suejen , Shamshiri Elhum A. , St Pier Kelly , Wilkinson Charlotte , Konn Daniel , Vulliemoz Serge , Grouiller Frédéric , Lemieux Louis , Pressler Ronit M. , Clark Christopher A. , Cross J. Helen , Carmichael David W.
Published: July 2017

Objective

Surgical treatment in epilepsy is effective if the epileptogenic zone (EZ) can be correctly localized and characterized. Here we use simultaneous electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) data to derive EEG‐fMRI and electrical source imaging (ESI) maps. Their yield and their individual and combined ability to (1) localize the EZ and (2) predict seizure outcome were then evaluated.

Methods

Fifty‐three children with drug‐resistant epilepsy underwent EEG‐fMRI. Interictal discharges were mapped using both EEG‐fMRI hemodynamic responses and ESI. A single localization was derived from each individual test (EEG‐fMRI global maxima [GM]/ESI maximum) and from the combination of both maps (EEG‐fMRI/ESI spatial intersection). To determine the localization accuracy and its predictive performance, the individual and combined test localizations were compared to the presumed EZ and to the postsurgical outcome.

Results

Fifty‐two of 53 patients had significant maps: 47 of 53 for EEG‐fMRI, 44 of 53 for ESI, and 34 of 53 for both. The EZ was well characterized in 29 patients; 26 had an EEG‐fMRI GM localization that was correct in 11, 22 patients had ESI localization that was correct in 17, and 12 patients had combined EEG‐fMRI and ESI that was correct in 11. Seizure outcome following resection was correctly predicted by EEG‐fMRI GM in 8 of 20 patients, and by the ESI maximum in 13 of 16. The combined EEG‐fMRI/ESI region entirely predicted outcome in 9 of 9 patients, including 3 with no lesion visible on MRI.

Interpretation

EEG‐fMRI combined with ESI provides a simple unbiased localization that may predict surgery better than each individual test, including in MRI‐negative patients. Ann Neurol 2017;82:278–287.
Seizure activity per se does not induce tissue damage markers in human neocortical focal epilepsy
Authors: Rossini Laura , Garbelli Rita , Gnatkovsky Vadym , Didato Giuseppe , Villani Flavio , Spreafico Roberto , Deleo Francesco , Lo Russo Giorgio , Tringali Giovanni , Gozzo Francesca , Tassi Laura , de Curtis Marco
Published: July 2017

Objective

The contribution of recurring seizures to the progression of epileptogenesis is debated. Seizure‐induced brain damage is not conclusively demonstrated either in humans or in animal models of epilepsy. We evaluated the expression of brain injury biomarkers on postsurgical brain tissue obtained from 20 patients with frequent seizures and a long history of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy.

Methods

The expression patterns of specific glial, neuronal, and inflammatory molecules were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the core of type II focal cortical dysplasias (FCD‐II), at the FCD boundary (perilesion), and in the adjacent normal‐appearing area included in the epileptogenic region. We also analyzed surgical specimens from cryptogenic patients not presenting structural alterations at imaging.

Results

Astroglial and microglial activation, reduced neuronal density, perivascular CD3‐positive T‐lymphocyte clustering, and fibrinogen extravasation were demonstrated in the core of FCD‐II lesions. No pathological immunoreactivity was observed outside the FCD‐II or in cryptogenetic specimens, where the occurrence of interictal and ictal epileptiform activity was confirmed by either stereo‐electroencephalography or intraoperative electrocorticography.

Interpretation

Recurrent seizures do not induce the expression of brain damage markers in nonlesional epileptogenic cortex studied in postsurgical tissue from cryptogenic and FCD patients. This evidence argues against the hypothesis that epileptiform activity per se contributes to focal brain injury, at least in the neocortical epilepsies considered here. Ann Neurol 2017;82:331–341
Porphyrin Antennas on Carbon Nanodots: Excited State Energy and Electron Transduction
Authors: Arcudi Francesca , Strauss Volker , Đorđević Luka , Cadranel Alejandro , Guldi Dirk M. , Prato Maurizio
Published: July 2017

We report the synthesis and electron donor–acceptor features of a novel nanohybrid, in which the light‐harvesting and electron‐donating properties of a meso‐tetraarylporphyrin (TArP) are combined with the electron‐accepting features of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanodots (NCNDs). In particular, in an ultrafast process (>1012 s−1), visible‐light excitation transforms the strongly quenched porphyrin singlet excited states into short‐lived (225 ps) charge‐separated states. On the other hand, ultraviolet light excitation triggers a non‐resolvable transduction of singlet excited state energy from the NCNDs to the porphyrins, followed by the same charge separation observed upon visible light excitation.
A Highly Efficient Chemiluminescence Probe for the Detection of Singlet Oxygen in Living Cells
Authors: Hananya Nir , Green Ori , Blau Rachel , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit , Shabat Doron
Published: July 2017

Singlet oxygen is among the reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the shortest life‐times in aqueous media because of its extremely high reactivity. Therefore, designing sensors for detection of 1O2 is perhaps one of the most challenging tasks in the field of molecular probes. Herein, we report a highly selective and sensitive chemiluminescence probe (SOCL‐CPP) for the detection of 1O2 in living cells. The probe reacts with 1O2 to form a dioxetane that spontaneously decomposes under physiological conditions through a chemiexcitation pathway to emit green light with extraordinary intensity. SOCL‐CPP demonstrated promising ability to detect and image intracellular 1O2 produced by a photosensitizer in HeLa cells during photodynamic therapy (PDT) mode of action. Our findings make SOCL‐CPP the most effective known chemiluminescence probe for the detection of 1O2. We anticipate that our chemiluminescence probe for 1O2 imaging would be useful in PDT‐related applications and for monitoring 1O2 endogenously generated by cells in response to different stimuli.
Pot Economy in the Total Synthesis of Estradiol Methyl Ether by Using an Organocatalyst
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Koshino Seitaro , Ojima Kanna , Kwon Eunsang
Published: July 2017

Enantioselective total synthesis of estradiol methyl ether has been accomplished in a pot‐economical manner using five reaction vessels and four purifications. The key reaction is a diphenylprolinol silyl ether mediated domino Michael/aldol reaction to afford bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane derivatives, containing the A, C, and D rings of steroids, as a single isomer with excellent enantioselectivity. Six reactions such as oxidation, hydrogenation, formation of acid chloride, Friedel–Crafts reaction, deprotection, and reduction can be carried out in the last one‐pot sequence.
Molecular structure, molecular docking, thermal, spectroscopic and biological activity studies of bis‐Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes
Authors: Zayed Ehab M. , Hindy Ahmed M.M. , Mohamed Gehad G.
Published: July 2017

Coordination compounds of Fe(III), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II) ions were synthesized from the ligand [4,4′‐((((ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1‐phenylene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(azanylylidene))diphenol]ethane (H2L) derived from the condensation of bisaldehyde and 4‐aminophenol. Microanalysis, magnetic susceptibility, infrared, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopies, molar conductance, X ray powder diffraction and thermal analysis were used to confirm the structure of the synthesized chelates. According to the data obtained, the composition of the 1:1 metal ion–bis‐Schiff base ligand was found to be [M(H2L)(H2O)2]Cln (M = Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II), n = 2; Fe(III), n = 3). Magnetic susceptibility measurements and reflectance spectra suggested an octahedral geometry for the complexes. Central metals ions and bis‐Schiff base coordinated together via O2 and N2 donor sites which as evident from infrared spectra. The Gaussian09 program was applied to optimize the structural formula for the investigated Schiff base ligand. The energy gaps and other important theoretical parameters were calculated applying the DFT/B3LYP method. Molecular docking using AutoDock tools was utilized to explain the experimental behaviour of the Schiff base ligand towards proteins of Bacillus subtilis (5 h67), Escherichia coli (3 t88), Proteus vulgaris (5i39) and Staphylococcus aureus (3ty7) microorganisms through theoretical calculations. The docked protein receptors were investigated and the energies of hydrogen bonding were calculated. These complexes were then subjected to in vitro antibacterial studies against several organisms, both Gram negative (P. vulgaris and E. coli) and Gram positive (S. pyogones and B. subtilis). The ligand and metal complexes exhibited good microbial activity against the Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
Synthesis of graphene oxide supported copper–cobalt ferrite material functionalized by arginine amino acid as a new high–performance catalyst
Authors: Ghadari Rahim , Namazi Hassan , Aghazadeh Mohammad
Published: July 2017

A novel Cu0.5Co0.5Fe2O4@Arg–GO catalytic system was successfully prepared by immobilization of copper substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on arginine–grafted graphene oxide nanosheets, in which ferrite moiety acts as an oxidation catalyst and arginine has the role of base catalyst. Also, arginine amino acid was used to modify the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets which the prepared support can improve dispersion and uniform loading of nanoparticles. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP–OES), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x–ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The prepared Cu0.5Co0.5Fe2O4@Arg–GO nanocomposite was used as an efficient catalyst for one–pot tandem oxidative synthesis of 2–phenylbenzimidazole derivatives in good yields.
2‐Arylation/alkylation of benzothiazoles using superparamagneticgraphene oxide‐Fe3O4 hybrid material as a heterogeneous catalystwith diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) as an oxidant
Authors: Khalili Dariush , Etemadi‐Davan Elham , Banazadeh Ali Reza
Published: July 2017

In this report, we introduced Graphene oxide‐iron oxide (GO‐Fe3O4) nanocomposites as a heterogeneous catalyst for arylation/alkylation of benzothiazoles with aldehydes and benzylic alcohols in the presence of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (DIAD) as an oxidant which exclusively produced 2‐aryl (alkyl)‐1H–benzothizoles in moderate to excellent yields. The absence of precious metals and toxic solvent, easy product isolation, and recyclability of the GO‐Fe3O4 with no loss of activity are notable advantages of this method.
Hydrogenation of nitroarenes catalyzed by a dipalladium complex
Authors: Hung Ming‐Uei , Yang Shu‐Ting , Ramanathan Mani , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung
Published: July 2017

A dipalladium complex [Pd2(L)Cl2](PF6)2 (2), via the substitution of (PhCN)2PdCl2 with 5‐phenyl‐2,8‐bis(6′‐bipyridinyl)‐1,9,10‐anthyridine (L) followed by the anion exchange, was found to be a good pre‐catalyst for the reduction of nitroarenes to yield the corresponding anilines under atmospheric pressure of hydrogen in methanol. This method provides a straightforward access to a diverse array of functionalized anilines, exhibiting a possible application in synthetic chemistry. The catalytic activity of this complex is enhanced by the di‐metallic system via the synergistic effect.