bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: George Ebra
Published: June 2019

The patient who is afflicted with end-stage renal disease presents a variety of considerations for those who participate in his rehabilitation. The artificial kidney, while necessary and successful, is at best a palliative solution to the medical problems only. There are numerous complications that may evolve from the utilization of the artificial kidney. It is not this paper's intention to elaborate on the medical aspects of the disease, but rather to elucidate the psycho-social factors inherent in the formulation 'and execution of a successful plan of total rehabilitation for the client presenting terminal uremia.
Caseload Management: The Key to Effectiveness
Authors: Henke Raymond O. , Connolly Sean G. , Cox Jennings G.
Published: June 2019

Discussion of the role of the rehabilitation counselor shows the significance of coordinating skills for effective client service delivery. An attempt is made to provide initial work on resolving the counselor-coordinator controversy. Coordinating skills include caseload management, case management, and self management. Counselors need to view the caseload as a whole, work within its parts, and use themselves and other resources to accomplish the task. Development of all skills allows optimal functioning and service to the client. Examples of how coordination skills can be broken down into a technology that is effective and humane are given. Pilot projects attempting to provide the technology are mentioned as is the need for experimentation and implementation in the area af coordination skills. No single skill has priority as each is necessary and facilitates clients’ efforts in reaching their goals.
Predicting Long Term Job Satisfaction and Persistence Among Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Muthard John E. , Morris John D.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors who completed the Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) and Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) in 1970 while in graduate school, were followed up in 1975. Of the 164 for whom correct addresses could be obtained, 58 percent responded to questions about their satisfaction and persistence in the job of rehabilitation counselor. Although the SVIB and VPI scales usually associated with social service occupations were not related to subsequent job satisfaction, multiple correlation of several other scales predicted 18 percent of the job satisfaction score variance. For women counselors the best predictor of later job satisfaction was the academic achievement key of the SVIB; scores of this key were inversely related to later satisfaction as rehabilitation counselors. Multiple correlations also yielded small but significant relationships between SVIB and VPI scores and persistence in rehabilitation counselor work.
Rehabilitation Counseling Practice: Some Sociological Insights
Authors: Britton Jean O. , Thomas Kenneth R.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this article is to selectively offer insights from the discipline of sociology which rehabilitation counselors could find useful in improving the practice of their profession. Among the dominant topics discussed are the role of society in shaping and defining man's behavior, the role of society in rehabilitation, the concept and conferment of deviance, and Merton's self-fulfilling prophecy construct. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practice are presented.
Perceptions of State Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors, Supervisors, and Administrators of Core Competencies for Professional Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Tripp James E.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the study was to identify the core knowledge and skill based competencies which State Vocational Rehabilitation counselors, supervisors, and administrators thought would best prepare professional VR counselors for practice in State Divisions of Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies in HEW Region VIII. A non-random sample of 243 VR counselors, 44 VR supervisors, and 68 administrators responded to a forced choice survey of questionnaire which contained 11 major competency categories and 128 subject items. The respondents generally agreed that all of the major competency categories were important. Also, the results of the study indicated that Vocational Rehabilitation counseling is based upon an interdisciplinary core of knowledge and skill based competencies. A continuum model of education including undergraduate, graduate, and in-service training is required to be competent at the professional level. Furthermore, the findings indicated that government rehabilitation agencies and vocational rehabilitation counselor education programs can best prepare manpower through joint training efforts.
Loss and Grief in Rehabilitation Counseling of the Severely Traumatically Disabled
Authors: Krieger George W.
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the importance of the counselor—client relationship in dealing with the severely disabled. The focus has been on the concept of loss as something we all continually face but which is more profound and threatening in the severely disabled. The role of the counselor's attitudes and values have been stressed. Finally some suggestions for counselor strategies have been offered.
Gainful Employment: The Myth and Hope of Rehabilitation Consumers
Authors: Braunstein William B.
Published: June 2019

One of the main goals of rehabilitation is gainful employment. Rehabilitation consumers enter rehabilitation with this goal in mind. while rehabilitation counselors measure their effectiveness, in part. with their ahility to facilitate consumers toward this end. unfortunately, the economy lacks the potential for the full employment of workers without handicaps let alone the receptivity necessary for those with handicaps. The author proposes some ideas that can make work a viable incentive in lieu of social benefits without jeopardizing the consumer's standard of living.
Post-Mastectomy Counseling
Authors: Joiner James G. , Fisher Joan Z.
Published: June 2019

Prosthetic developments and clothing assist post-mastectomy women toward a goal of concealment. Adjustment difficulties related to mastectomy are also concealed by various psychologically defensive means. Counselors, post-mastectomy women and significant others assist in the concealment, not from a lack of concern, but because of a lack of understanding of the associated dynamics. Mastectomy may provide the impetus for many pre-mastectomy personal problems to surface. Counselors by understanding the dynamics and potential devastation to the several life areas involved, can assist with appropriate adjustment without contributing to concealment.
The Neglected Minority
Authors: Riel Donald R.
Published: June 2019

In spite of the many state and Federal laws enacted concerning housing for handicapped individuals, there is still an unmet need for accessible and useable housing for this neglected minority. The article goes back twelve years in time when housing was first recognized as a step in the total rehabilitation of the handicapped individual. Twelve years later, this same need still exists. The figures and estimates are based on the state of Massachusetts only. They must be multiplied fifty times over to estimate the true scope of this national problem of the neglected minority.
Legal Concerns of the Rehabilitation Counselor, Part IV: Third Institute on Rehabilitation Issues
Authors: Martin Michael E. , Andrew Jason D. , Anderson Earl , Austin Edward W. , Bendekovic John , Corley William R. , Costa Dan M. , Laski Frank L. , Moline John , Rubino Jerome N. , Stubbs Miriam , Duncan Jack , Menszer Paul , Owens Joseph H.
Published: June 2019

This is the fourth in a series of four articles dealing with the legal concerns of the rehabilitation counselor. Final preparation was coordinated by the Research and Training Center, Stout Vocational Rehabilitation Institute, University of Wisconsin-Stout with partial support provided through Grant No. 45-P-81123/5-01, from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Human Development, Rehabilitation Services Administration, Washington, D.C. Interpretations shown in this publication do not necessarily represent the interpretations 01'- opinions of DREW /ORD/RSA. Reprinting of this document in JARC is done at the suggestion and with the approval of Jason Andrew, now Director, Division of Rehabilitation Services, State of Nebraska. The original document was edited to conform to the stylistic requirements and space limitations of JARC.
Ethical Concerns in Clinical Practice Supervision
Authors: Scofield Michael E. , Scofield Barbara J.
Published: June 2019

These are those students whose skills and facilitative behaviors in clinical practice are so lacking that failure to effectively address this situation would be a breech of professional ethics. The problem is outlined, variables that compound the difficulty of the issue are presented, and a number of preventive measures are suggested.
A National Survey of the Employment of Placement Specialists by General and Blind Rehabilitation Agencies
Authors: Decker Roger S. , Stanojevich Boris
Published: June 2019

This study investigated the use of placement specialists by Vocational Rehabihtation and State Blind agencies. Minimum educational requirements and salary ranges for counselors and placement specialists were also surveyed for comparison purposes.

The ,data were collected through a questionnaire, which was sent to all the State Vocational Rehabilitation and State Blind agencies. The results indicate that almost sixty percent (60%) of the surveyed agencies used placement specialists at either a local, regional, or state level. The functions performed by the placement specialist at the three levels are reported.

The increase in the use of placement specialists may have a future effect on the rehabilitation counseling profession. The study suggests the opening of new employment opportunities for the rehabilitation counselor and the challenge for new placement-oriented curricula for the rehabilitation counselor training programs.
The Effects of Human Relations Training Upon the Self Concept of Severely Disabled Persons
Authors: Crisler Jack R. , Long Elbert G.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) would as Human Relations training-as-treatment approach with severely disabled persons produce a significant and positive change in their Human Relations functioning skills; and (b) would a significant positive improvement in Human Relations skills significantly and positively improve the severely disabled person's self concept? Results indicated a positive response to question A and a negative response to question B. Of significance was the low concept scores of the severely disabled.
Climate Impacts on Capital Accumulation in a Small Island Developing State
Authors: Kemp-Benedict Eric , Lamontagne Jonathan , Laing Timothy , Drakes Crystal
Published: June 2019

This paper constructs a model of climate-related damage for small island developing states (SIDS). We focus on the loss of private productive capital stocks through extreme climate events. In contrast to most economic analyses of climate impacts, which assume temperature-dependent damage functions, we draw on the engineering literature to allow for a greater or lesser degree of anticipation of climate change when designing capital stocks and balancing current adaptation expenditure against future loss & damage. We apply the model to tropical storm damage in the small island developing state of Barbados and show how anticipatory behavior changes the damage to infrastructure for the same degree of climate change. Thus, in the model, damage depends on behavior as well as climate variables.
Morphometry of the Wheat Spike by Analyzing 2D Images
Authors: Genaev Mikhail , Komyshev Evgenii , Smirnov Nikolai , Kruchinina Yuliya , Goncharov Nikolay P. , Afonnikov Dmitry
Published: June 2019

Spike shape and morphometric characteristics are among the key characteristics of cultivated cereals associated with their productivity. Identification of the genes controlling these traits requires morphometric data at harvesting and analysis of numerous plants, which could be automatically done using technologies of digital image analysis. A method for wheat spike morphometry utilizing 2D image analysis is proposed. Digital images are acquired in two variants: a spike on a table (one projection) or fixed with a clip (four projections). The method identifies spike and awns in the image and estimates their quantitative characteristics (area in image, length, width, circularity, etc.). Section model, quadrilaterals, and radial model are proposed for describing spike shape. Parameters of these models are used to predict spike shape type (spelt, normal, or compact) by machine learning. The mean error in spike density prediction for the images in one projection is 4.61 (~18%) versus 3.33 (~13%) for the parameters obtained using four projections.
Cheating in the Viral World
Authors: Leeks Asher , Ghoul Melanie , West Stuart
Published: June 2019

The extent to which cheating occurs in the natural world has proved contentious. We suggest that viruses offer an exceptional opportunity for studying cheats, individuals that exploit the cooperative behaviour of others. In particular, we show that: (1) cheating is common in viruses; (2) there are many different types of viral cheat; (3) viral cheats offer novel problems for social evolution theory; (4) viruses offer excellent empirical opportunities for studying cheating; (5) cheating shows that viral populations experience substantial conflict, changing how we think about how viral infections evolve; (6) evolutionary theory about cheating could help us understand viral evolution; (7) a greater understanding of cheating in viruses could aid viral intervention strategies.
A gas turbine cooled-stage expansion model
for the simulation of blade cooling effects on cycle performance
Authors: Masci Roberta , Sciubba Enrico
Published: June 2019

Modern gas turbines firing temperatures (1500-2000K) are well beyond the maximum allowable blade material temperatures. Continuous safe operation is made possible by cooling the HP turbine first stages -nozzle vanes and rotor blades- with a portion of the compressor discharge air, a practice that induces a penalty on the cycle thermal efficiency. Therefore, a current issue is to investigate the real advantage, technical and economical, of raising maximum temperatures much further beyond current values. In this paper, process simulations of a gas turbine are performed to assess HP turbine first-stage cooling effects on cycle performance. A new simplified and properly streamlined model is proposed for the non-adiabatic expansion of the hot gas mixed with the cooling air within the blade passage, which allows for a comparison of several cycle configurations at different TIT (turbine inlet temperature) and max (total turbine expansion ratio) with a realistically acceptable degree of approximation.. The calculations suggest that, at a given max, the TIT can be increased in order to reach higher cycle efficiency up to a limit imposed by the required amount and temperature of the cooling air. Beyond this limit, no significant gains in thermal efficiency are obtained by adopting higher max and/or increasing the TIT, so that it is convenient in terms of cycle performance to design at lower rather than higher max. The small penalty on cycle efficiency is compensated by lower plant cost. The results of our model agree with those of some previous much more complex and computationally expensive studies, so that the novelty of this paper lies in the original method adopted on which the proposed model is based, and in the fast, accurate and low resource intensity of the corresponding numerical procedure: all advantages that can be crucial for industry needs. The presented analysis is purely thermodynamic, with no investigation on the effects of the different configurations on plant costs, so that future work addressing a thermo-economic analysis of the air-cooled gas turbine power plant is the next logical step.
Structural Equation Model for Investigating the Causal Relationships Between Project Complexities and Project Cost: An Empirical Study from New Zealand
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Zhang Huirong
Published: June 2019

Project complexity is usually considered as one of main causes of cost overruns, resulting in poor performance and thus project failure. However, empirical studies focused on evaluating its effects on project cost remain lacking. Given this circumstance, this study attempts to develop the relationships between project cost and the multidimensional project complexity elements. We establish complexity as a multidimensional factor including the task, organization, market, legal, and environment complexities. This study uses an empirical evidence-based structural model to account for the relationships between project cost and project complexity. By doing so, a quantitative assessment of multi-dimensional project complexity has been developed. The findings suggest that task and organization complexities have direct effects on project cost, while market, legal and external environment complexities have indirect effects on project cost. The practical contribution is that the findings can improve the understanding of which dimension of complexity significantly influence project cost, and the need to focus efforts on strategically addressing that complexities.
BIOSORPTION OF Cu (II) METAL IONS BY DRAGON FRUIT SKIN (Hylocereus polyrhizus)
Authors: Ali Sahriani , La Nafie Nursiah , Taba Paulina
Published: June 2019

Biosorption is an effective method for removal of heavy metals from their solutions. Biosorption of Cu (II) by contact time, pH, and concentration has been investigated. Concentration of Cu (II) ion before and after adsorption was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The effect of the pH process was studied at pH of 2-7. The result showed that the optimum time for biosorption of Cu (II) ion by biomass dragon fruit was 10 minutes and pH 4 was the optimum pH of biosorption. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used for the adsorption of isotherm. Result showed that biosorption of Cu (II) by dragon fruit peel fit better the Langmuir model than Freundich model with the adsorption capacity (Qo) of 20.401 mg/g biosorbent. The result of FT-IR analysis showed that hydroxyl groups were responsible for the binding of Cu (II) ions.
Review of "Financial Citizenship. Experts, Publics & the Politics of Central Banking", by Annelise Riles
Authors: Iacob (Bâra) Raluca
Published: June 2019

In 2018, the anthropological literature on economics was enriched by the publication of a book that argues for building communication bridges between financial experts and the public. It identifies the main blind spots on both sides, discusses the need to substantiate a new narrative legitimacy for central banks, and gives experts in these prominent institutions a rigorous call to action for a more effective communication. Annelis Riles’s Financial Citizenship is the outcome of more than 20 years of research on central banking culture and the social ties between financial regulators and the other financial market participants. The book complements analysis with thorough fieldwork, and one of its strengths is access to sources in the relevant institutions.
Mechanistic and Kinetic Study of CO2-CH4 Exchange Process in Methane Hydrates Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Zhang Kaiyi , Qin Guan
Published: June 2019

CO2 exchange method is one of the extraction techniques that is under development for the production of methane from gas hydrate resources, and the mechanisms and kinetics of the CO2-CH4 exchange process still remain unclear. We model this process with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to reveal the reaction mechanism, find the optimal operating condition and enhance the conversion rate. The simulations are carried out at three different temperatures to study the impact of temperature on the exchange rate and the kinetics. The production runs are carried out at microsecond level in the NPT ensemble with pressure held at 5 MPa. The simulation results and the associated analysis show that at the investigated conditions, the CO2-CH4 exchange process involves a direct swap of the guest molecules without complete breakage of the water cages. Also, temperature has a significant impact on the kinetics of the process that the increase of temperature from 250K to 270K accelerates the procedure by at least 1.5 times. The reactions mainly occur at the hydrate surface, so that it is critical to enhance the penetration of CO2 into hydrate structures for large scale application of the CO2-CH4 exchange method.
Development and evaluation of a LAMP assay for differentiating Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains harboring blaOXA-23
Authors: Li Puyuan , Niu Wenkai , Fang Yun , Zou Dayang , Liu Huiying , Qin Yanhong , Zheng Jing , Yin Xiuyun , Li Fengjiang , Liu Yannan , Yuan Xin , Huang Liuyu , Bai Changqing
Published: June 2019

Background

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospital-acquired infections, and the resistance to carbapenems has been observed increasingly worldwide. Oxacillinase produced by blaOXA-23 is one of the predominant carbapenem resistance mechanisms in A. baumannii, which is highly prevalent worldwide, especially in China. The rapid identification of blaOXA-23 may give a valuable hint for the administration of directed antimicrobial therapy.

Method

In this study, we aimed to develop a LAMP-based detection for the blaOXA-23 gene; clinical samples of A. baumannii were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of this method compared to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and traditional PCR method. MLST was performed to investigate the epidemiology of A. baumannii bacterial population.

Results

Compared to the antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP in detecting blaOXA-23 was 88.4% and 97.7%, respectively. However, the LAMP method was found to be much simpler and the result could be available in a shorter period (within 60 minutes) when compared to conventional PCR and phenotypic susceptibility testing. The 113 isolates could be clustered into 30 sequence types (STs), and majority (83/113) of these strains belong to clonal complex 92 (CC92), which is also the dominant CC in the China.

Conclusion

The LAMP-based method detected blaOXA-23 in a much simpler way, by which could provide timelier results for differentiating the carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii than conventional methods. Consequently, blaOXA-23 may potentially serving as surrogate marker for the presence of CRAB in patients with serious infections in clinic.
Isoniazid preventive therapy utilization rate and associated factors in adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital ART clinic: A cross-sectional study.
Authors: Imana Gudeta , Rajamanickam Vinodhini , Woldemichael Kifle
Published: June 2019

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most frequent life-threatening infection and a common cause of death for people living with HIV (PLHIV).The influence of TB and HIV infection has enhanced the magnitude of both epidemics. IPT is one of the several key interventions recommended by the world health organization (WHO) for the prevention of TB in patients infected with HIV. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the IPT utilization rate and to explore the determinant factors among PLHIV under follow-up, Health care providers (HCP’s) and TB/HIV coordinators working in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH) ART clinic, Ethiopia. Methods: An Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in JUSH ART clinic, Oromia region, Ethiopia. The target groups were enrolled by a systematic sampling technique from the registered medical records of JUSH HIV care. Semi-structured questioners and in-depth interviews were designed for quantitative analysis from PLHIV, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators working in JUSH, ART clinic. All statistical analysis was compiled by Epi data 3.1 and SPSS 20. Results: The overall estimated IPT utilization rate in JUSH ART clinic was 59.2%.Demographic and clinical factors are not significant, but ethnicity was highly significant with IPT use in PLHIV. All respondents, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators were interviewed on identifying the factors and barriers that increase the utilization of IPT. The results of in-depth interviews are grouped into three core categories as patient perceptions, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinator perspectives. Discussion and conclusion:PLHIV, HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators suggested their overall response as periodic counseling for target groups, educating the benefits of IPT and increasing public awareness on TB prophylaxis in PLHIV. Higher attention should be provided in linking all HIV patients to the nearest health facilities for receiving free service packages and medical care. Administrative managers could improve the capacity building by increasingthe number of health care professionals, maintaining data base on patient records and continuous supply of pyridoxine and IPT for all PLHIV. HCP’s and TB/HIV coordinators responded that disclosure to the patient families and occupational independence will increase the acceptance and implementation of IPT in large scale.
The effect of support surface and footwear condition on postural sway and lower limb muscle action of the old people
Authors: Huang Meizhen , Yick Kit-lun , Ng Sun-pui , Yip Joanne , Cheung Roy
Published: June 2019

Background: Diminished somatosensory function and lower plantar cutaneous sensitivity have been identified as a critical age-related change, which is related to postural instability in the older population. Footwear is suggested that can modulate the postural stability by altering the interface between the foot sole and the ground. However, it is unclear whether this footwear effect could also influence lower limb muscle activation for the elderly. This study aimed to investigate the footwear insole texture and supporting surface condition on static postural stability and lower limb muscle activation for healthy older people.
Methods: This is a single-session study with repeated measurements. Twenty-three healthy older female stood on the firm (i.e., concrete floor) and foam surfaces with their eyes open in the three footwear conditions, namely barefoot, plain shoes and nodulous insole shoes, for 30 seconds. Static postural sway and muscle activation of biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), tibialis anterior (TA), and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) of the dominant leg were measured during each testing condition.
Results: compared to firm surface, standing on the foam could significantly increase the body sway and lower limb muscle activation (p<0.05); compared to barefoot, when standing on the foam, wearing footwear significantly decreased the VL and TA muscle activation and minimize the postural sway in ML and AP direction, while the influence is larger for the nodulous shoes compared to the plain shoes. A positive correlation was observed between the lower limb muscle activation and AP (r=0.327-0.389, p<0.001) and total sway path length (r=0.317-0.427, p<0.001).
Conclusions: footwear could improve the postural stability and decease the fall risk comparing to barefoot when the somatosensory input is in disturbance, while the improvement is larger when wearing nodulous insole footwear for the elderly.
Cervical Adenopathy of the Children in Tropical Context: Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Darre Tchin , Doukouré Brahima , Djiwa Toukilnan , Amana Bathokédeou , Bissa Haréfétéguéna , Adam Saliou , Pegbessou Essobozou , Dare Sassil , Napo-Koura Gado
Published: June 2019

Objective

The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of cervical lymphadenopathy in children, for 15 years (2003-2017) at the pathology laboratory of Lomé, Togo.

Results

A total of 221 cervical adenopathies in children were collected. The sex ratio (M/F) of patients was 1.1 and the average age was 9.8 ± 0.3 years. The notion of HIV was found in 69 children. Histological, the etiologies were infectious (n = 128 cases, 57.9%), tumors (n = 96 cases) and others (n = 8 cases, 1.6%). The main etiology among infections was tuberculosis (n = 84 cases). Tumor etiologies were primitive in 82 cases and secondary in 3 cases. Primary tumors were dominated by lymphomas (n = 74 cases) in its Burkitt form (n = 44 cases). The etiologies of cervical lymphadenopathy in tropical environments are always dominated by infectious agents.
Effects of shade stress on morphophysiology and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses
Authors: Fu Juanjuan , Luo Yilan , Sun Pengyue , Gao Jinzhu , Zhao Donghao , Yang Peizhi , Hu Tianming
Published: June 2019

Background: Perturbations in the abiotic stress directly or indirectly affect plants and root-associated microbial communities. Shade stress presents one of the major abiotic limitations for turfgrass growth, as light availability is severely reduced under a leaf canopy. Studies have shown that shade stress influences plant growth and alters plant metabolism, yet little is known about how it affects the structure of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities. In this study, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the impact of shade stress on the physiology of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses and their rhizosphere soil microbes. Shade-tolerant dwarf lilyturf (Ophiopogon japonicus, OJ) and shade-intolerant perennial turf-type ryegrasss (Lolium perenne, LP) were used. Bacterial community composition was assayed using high-throughput sequencing.
Results: Our physiochemical data showed that under shade stress, OJ maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and root growth, thus OJ was found to be more shade-tolerant than LP. Illumina sequencing data revealed that shade stress had little impact on the diversity of the OJ and LP’s bacterial communities, but instead impacted the composition of bacterial communities. The bacterial communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in OJ soil. Further pairwise fitting analysis showed that a positive correlation of shade-tolerance in two turfgrasses and their bacterial community compositions. Several soil properties (NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK) showed a tight coupling with several major bacterial communities under shade stress, indicating that they are important drivers determining bacterial community structures. Moreover, OJ shared core bacterial taxa known to promote plant growth and confer tolerance to shade stress, which suggests common principles underpinning OJ-microbe interactions.
Conclusion: OJ was more shade-tolerant than LP. Shifts in rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure play a vital role in shade-tolerance of OJ plants.
The Political Mobilization of Serbian Communists in the First Phase of the „Antibureaucratic Revolution“
Authors: Ribić Vladimir
Published: June 2019

This paper offers an analysis of concrete actions and legitimations, and also of the elements of the action- and legitimation basis of the Serbian communists’ political moblization conducted during the first phase of the so-called Antibureaucratic Revolution, which began in April 1987 with Slobodan Milošević’s speech in Kosovo Polje, and came to an end with the intra-party showdown at the Eighth Session of the Serbian Communist Party’s Central Committee in September of the same year. The paper also provides a reconstruction of the political context in which the mobilization was conducted.
The Right Way Through the Region of Sin: Islam, Bioethics and New Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Pišev Marko
Published: June 2019

In the 1980s numerous debates were held in the House of Lords on the scientific research of embryos, with certain participants attempting to point out the difference between two styles of thought, namely, religious and scientific thought. Yet was the conflict in the House of Lords between two styles of thinking, or rather between the proponents of the scientific approach, on the one hand, and the proponents of religious thought, on the other, for intellectual and moral domination in society?

Clearly, these debates hinted at something beyond and something more complex than a mere concern about embryos. What was actually being problematized? Or, to put it differently, to what extent does the use of bioreproductive technologies call into question the notions and issues of ethics, procreation and kinship, regardless of the religious dogma that considers the possibilities of their application? This paper will be confined to an analysis of Islamic dogma and any correspondences between this dogma and certain aspects of the new reproductive technologies. Still, in order to be able to discuss the relation between the new reproductive technologies and Islamic ethics, it is necessary to devote the greater part of this paper to an interpretation of how man is perceived in the context of the Koran.
The "Adam Berenz German Society" and the Revitalization of the Ethnic Identity of Germans in Apatin
Authors: Krel Aleksandar
Published: June 2019

At the time of the violent interethnic conflict in the former Yugoslavia, ethnic Germans in Serbia became publicly active for the first time after decades of "ethnic mimicry", founding ethnic German societies. It is through these societies that the process of revitalization and (re)construction of their ethnic and cultural identity has been taking place. There are about a dozen such societies active in Vojvodina today, one of them being the Adam Berenz German Society in the town of Apatin. The paper looks at the conceptualization and symbolization, analysis of ethnic strategies and presentation of modalities by means of which the Apatin association seeks to preserve and revive certain specific ethnic and cultural elements of the German ethnic community.
Phosphorus Release from Unamended and Gypsum‐ or Biochar‐Amended Soils under Simulated Snowmelt and Summer Flooding Conditions
Authors: Dharmakeerthi R. S. , Kumaragamage D. , Goltz D. , Indraratne S. P.
Published: June 2019

Prolonged flooding changes the oxidation–reduction status of soils, often enhancing P release to overlying floodwater. We studied P release from unamended, gypsum‐amended, and biochar‐amended soils under simulated snowmelt flooding (previously frozen, cold flooding at +4°C) and summer flooding (unfrozen, warm flooding at +22°C) using two soils, Fyala clay (FYL‐Cl) and Neuenberg sandy loam (NBG‐SL), from Manitoba, Canada. Amended and unamended soils were packed into vessels and flooded under cold and warm temperatures in the laboratory. Pore water and floodwater samples were taken weekly for 6 wk after flooding (WAF) and thereafter biweekly for 10 WAF and analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), pH, and cation concentrations. The NBG‐SL showed a significantly higher DRP concentration in pore water and floodwater despite its low Olsen P content. Redox potential (Eh) decreased slowly under cold versus warm flooding; hence, redox‐induced P release was substantially lower under cold flooding. Gypsum amendment significantly decreased the floodwater DRP concentrations in NBG‐SL by 38 and 35% under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in FYL‐Cl, which had low DRP concentrations (<1.2 mg L−1) throughout the flooding period. Biochar amendment significantly increased floodwater DRP concentrations by 27 to 68% in FYL‐Cl under cold and warm flooding, respectively, but had no significant effect in NBG‐SL. The results indicate substantially less P release under cold than under warm flooding. Gypsum was effective in reducing floodwater DRP concentrations only at high DRP concentrations; thus, the effectiveness was greater under warm than under cold flooding conditions.

Core Ideas

Floodwater DRP concentration increased with time of flooding in amended and unamended soils.

Increase in floodwater DRP concentration was less under simulated snowmelt than summer flooding.

Rate of P diffusion from pore water to floodwater was less under simulated snowmelt flooding.

Gypsum reduced floodwater DRP in one soil with DRP concentrations >1 mg L−1, but not in the other.

Woodchip biochar was ineffective in reducing P release from soils to overlying floodwater.
Stimulation of Growth and Alteration of Hormones by Elevated Carbon Dioxide for Creeping Bentgrass Exposed to Drought
Authors: Burgess P. , Chapman C. , Zhang X. , Huang B.
Published: June 2019

Drought stress inhibits shoot growth of cool‐season turfgrass species, and elevated CO2 concentration may mitigate the adverse effects of drought through alteration of hormone production. The objective of this study was to determine whether elevated CO2–enhanced drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was associated with the stimulation of tiller and stolon growth and the alteration of stress‐regulating and growth‐regulating hormone accumulation. Creeping bentgrass (cv. Penncross) plants were established for 24 d at ambient (400 μL L−1) or elevated (800 μL L−1) CO2 concentration and subsequently exposed to drought stress for 23 d by withholding irrigation. Drought stress caused significant reduction in leaf relative water content and tiller density, whereas both parameters, as well as stolon length, were maintained at significantly higher values in CO‐treated plants compared with those at ambient CO2 under drought stress. The positive effects of elevated CO2 on the maintenance of leaf hydration and the promotion of tiller density and stolon growth in creeping bentgrass exposed to drought stress could be associated with the suppression of drought‐induced accumulation of abscisic acid and the increase in the endogenous content of isopentenyladenosine, jasmonic acid, and the jasmonic acid precursor 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid. These results suggest that the elevated CO2–enhanced growth of tillers and stolons in creeping bentgrass under drought stress could be regulated in part by the adjustment of endogenous hormone levels.
An Assessment of Traditional Chemical Indicators of Atmospheric Pollution in Northern Saskatchewan Forest Soils
Authors: Watmough Shaun A. , Whitfield Colin J. , Baker Scott
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Concentrations of pollutants in Saskatchewan forest soils are low but are highly variable.

Distinct spatial patterns in surface soil pollutant concentration are evident.

Patterns in soil Hg and V and SO42−are strongly related to soil organic matter.

Concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn influenced by soil factors in addition to organic matter.

Atmospheric deposition plays a minor role in pollutant levels in northernSaskatchewansoils.

Long‐range transport and subsequent atmospheric deposition of pollutants has led to soil contamination around the globe. Northern Saskatchewan is downwind of major emissions of sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), and heavy metals vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) associated with oil sands activities, leading to concerns over possible soil contamination. In this study we sampled 200 forested sites spanning five ecoregions of Saskatchewan. Surface (A‐horizon) soils were measured for a suite of traditional chemical indicators of atmospheric pollution (e.g., SO42–, NO3−, Hg, heavy metals). In general, metal concentrations in surface soils were among the lowest reported in the literature indicating low levels of soil contamination. Despite the remote location of the sites there was a large range in pollution soil indicators in surface soil. For example, Hg concentrations were between 0.6 and 53.3 μg g−1, V concentrations varied from <0.02 to 161 mg kg−1, and extractable SO42–was between 0.2 and 52.2 mg kg−1and distinct spatial patterns were evident. Higher concentrations of pollutants were observed in southern, eastern and northern parts of the study area. Much of the variability in surface soil chemistry was explained by soil factors and in particular organic matter as the dominant controls of these pollution indicators. Lower values of these indicators were found in sandy soils low in organic matter such as those occurring in the Athabasca Plain located south of Lake Athabasca closest to oil sands activities.
Can Bioenergy Ash Applications Emulate the Effects of Wildfire on Upland Forest Soil Chemical Properties?
Authors: Hannam K. D. , Fleming R. L. , Venier L. , Hazlett P. W.
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas

Bioenergy is growing; the ash generated as a by‐product is often treated as waste.

Ash applications could be used to emulate wildfire effects on forest soil chemistry.

Wildfires and ash applications increase soil phosphorus and calcium and raise pH.

Guidance on ash dosage rates and pre‐treatment for emulating wildfire is required.

As efforts to combat climate change intensify in Canada and around the world, the use of forest biomass to produce energy is expanding rapidly. At the same time, there is an urgent need for environmentally sustainable methods of handling the ash generated during biomass combustion. Currently, bioenergy ash is often landfilled, placing significant pressure on Canada's waste disposal infrastructure. In some countries, however, the use of bioenergy ash as a nutrient‐rich forest soil amendment is strongly encouraged. Given that forest management in Canada is often driven by the ‘emulation of natural disturbance’ paradigm, bioenergy ash could have potential as a management tool for improving wildfire emulation in harvested stands. We compared published values of wildfire ash chemistry with those for Canadian and European bioenergy ash and found that they are similar. We used meta‐analysis to examine changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, extractable phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and soil pH following wildfires and applications of bioenergy ash on upland forested sites. Both wildfires and bioenergy ash can reduce forest floor C and N pools: wildfires by direct combustion of organic matter, and ash applications by an apparent increase in organic matter decay. Both wildfires and bioenergy ash applications increase extractable P, exchangeable Ca and pH in surface mineral soils. Although bioenergy ash applications can trigger larger increases in available P and pH in surface mineral soils than wildfires, controlling ash dosage rates or pre‐treating the ash to slow the rate of nutrient release could attenuate some of these effects.
The digital world and the new frontiers of the European courts case-law
Authors: Vilaça José Luís Da Cruz
Published: June 2019

Finding the right balance between achieving the full potential of the digital economy in terms of innovation and economic growth, on the one hand, and protecting the core values of our societies, including fundamental rights and the rule of law, on the other hand, has become a pressing issue for political and judicial authorities. Data generated by electronic communications is an important tool in the fight against organized crime and terrorism, whose effectiveness depends on the use of modern research techniques. However, the pursuance of that general interest objective must be balanced against the need to protect the fundamental rights to privacy and to personal data from the most serious interferences.
An overview of the developments of the European Common Fisheries Policy regarding sustainable development and its regionalisation in Portugal and the Autonomous Regions
Authors: Vieira Rui Castro
Published: June 2019

The European integration is not only a continental, but also a maritime integration, with the development of a maritime market including its maritime resources like fisheries. The development of the Common Fisheries Policy, in the European Union, has been marked by a few peculiar principles and tension among Member States. These developments have also been challenged by the developments of International Law, especially the Law of the Seas Convention, as well as the increasing attention given to a sustainable development and the need for maritime environmental development. The latest years have also been marked by a need for decentralization and regionalisation of the Common Fisheries Policy. The Iberian nations, especially Portugal, are a distinctive case with the rather difficult Common Fisheries Policy Integration. In spite of that, its singularity regarding its maritime presence and autonomic decentralized model give new potential for a new management and development of a decentralized Common Fisheries Policy, as well as a new possibility for sustainable development. In this paper, we analyse the development of the European Common Fisheries Policy as well as its role and interaction with International Law and the new concerns regarding sustainability of fishing stocks and its new management approach and needs for regionalisation. We also analyse its repercussions on Portugal and the potential offered by its own maritime and territorial peculiarities with its archipelagos and their own qualities and aptitude for a sustainable integration of the Common Fisheries Policy.
Understanding Drivers of Resistance Toward Implementation of Web-Based Self-Management Tools in Routine Cancer Care Among Oncology Nurses: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: de Wit Matthijs , Kleijnen Mirella , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit , van Uden-Kraan Cornelia , Millet Kobe , Frambach Ruud , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Supporting patients to engage in (Web-based) self-management tools is increasingly gaining importance, but the engagement of health care professionals is lagging behind. This can partly be explained by resistance among health care professionals.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate drivers of resistance among oncology nurses toward Web-based self-management tools in cancer care.

METHODS

Drawing from previous research, combining clinical and marketing perspectives, and several variables and instruments, we developed the Resistance to Innovation model (RTI-model). The RTI-model distinguishes between passive and active resistance, which can be enhanced or reduced by functional drivers (incompatibility, complexity, lack of value, and risk) and psychological drivers (role ambiguity, social pressure from the institute, peers, and patients). Both types of drivers can be moderated by staff-, organization-, patient-, and environment-related factors. We executed a survey covering all components of the RTI-model on a cross-sectional sample of nurses working in oncology in the Netherlands. Structural equation modeling was used to test the full model, using a hierarchical approach. In total, 2500 nurses were approached, out of which 285 (11.40%) nurses responded.

RESULTS

The goodness of fit statistic of the uncorrected base model of the RTI-model (n=239) was acceptable (χ21=9.2; Comparative Fit Index=0.95; Tucker Lewis index=0.21; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.19; Standardized Root Mean Square=0.016). In line with the RTI-model, we found that both passive and active resistance among oncology nurses toward (Web-based) self-management tools were driven by both functional and psychological drivers. Passive resistance toward Web-based self-management tools was enhanced by complexity, lack of value, and role ambiguity, and it was reduced by institutional social pressure. Active resistance was enhanced by complexity, lack of value, and social pressure from peers, and it was reduced by social pressure from the institute and patients. In contrast to what we expected, incompatibility with current routines was not a significant driver of either passive or active resistance. This study further showed that these drivers of resistance were moderated by expertise (P=.03), managerial support (P=.004), and influence from external stakeholders (government; P=.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Both passive and active resistance in oncology nurses toward Web-based self-management tools for patients with cancer are driven by functional and psychological drivers, which may be more or less strong, depending on expertise, managerial support, and governmental influence.