bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR DAN MOTIVASI TERHADAP PRESTASI KERJA GURU IPS SMP NEGERI DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA
Authors: Eriyadi Noor Adha
Published: March 2020

This research aims (1) to indentify the level of teaching skill and working performance of Social Science (IPS) teachers at the Public Junior High Schools in the Regency of Hulu Sungai Utara, (2) to indentify the level of working motivation and working performance of IPS teachers at the Public Junior High Schools in the Regency of Hulu Sungai Utara, he method used in this research was descriptive quantitative method. The sample of this research was taken by using random sampling. The result of the research shows that (1) based on the respondents’ answers about teaching skill, approximately 64.45% of the respondents strongly agreed, while 31.10% of respondents agreed, 3.46% of respondents disagreed and 0.99% of respondents strongly disagreed. (2) based on the respondents’ answers about motivation, approximately 53.59% of respondents strongly agreed, while 41.62% of respondents agreed, 3.03% of respondents disagreed and 1.77% of respondents strongly disagreed. (3) based on the respondents’ answers about working performance, approximately 68.04% of respondents strongly agreed, while 26.83% of respondents agreed, 3.64% of respondents disagreed and 1.48% of respondents strongly disagreed. Teaching skill had a strong correlation with working performance of IPS teachers which can be identified from the value of ry1 = 0.832 in the interval of 0.80 – 1.000 with very strong criteria. Working motivation had a strong correlation with working performance of IPS teachers which can be seen from the value of ry2 = 0.768 in the interval of 0.60 – 0.779 with strong criteria. There was a positive and significant correlation between teaching skill and motivation together with the working performance of IPS teachers. The result of double correlation testing shows that the correlation value (R) was 0.850 with p = 0.000. Those three factors are related to each other in supporting working performance. Key Words: Teaching Skill, Working Motivation and Working Performance.
PENERAPAN MODEL INKUIRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SOSIOLOGI MATERI STRUKTUR SOSIAL PADA SISWA KELAS XI IPS-1 DI SMAN 1 KUSAN HILIR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2014 / 2015
Authors: Widarti Nani Whuri
Published: March 2020

Observations conducted by researchers at SMAN 1 Kusan Hilir showed (1) the lack of understanding of students of the teaching materials, (2) the students' responses to the explanation or information submitted by teachers during learning activities are very low, (3) students do not have motivation and excitement during the learning activities Sociology in the classroom, (4) low value results were obtained by the students, and (5 ) the students were not able to develop critical thinking skills in terms of understanding the problems and solving problems in the learning process. The purpose of this study was to study the process and results of the application of the inquiry model of learning Sociology whether it can increase the activity of learning, thinking and learning outcomes of students of class XI IPS-1 SMAN 1 Kusan Hilir. This study used a descriptive qualitative research with the implementation of social inquiry model  on the subject. This study was conducted for 3 months from May to July 2015. The subjects were 40 students of class XI IPS-1 SMAN 1 Kusan Hilir, consisting of 18 male students and 22 female students. The results showed that the implementation of the social inquiry model to study Sociology, increased from 71,92% to 87.15%, with an average of completeness KKM reaching 78.0% to 100%, This assessment became successful if 85% of students completed with the class average of 74.Key words: Inquiry Model, Sociology, Learning Outcomes
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS POKOK BAHASAN PRANATA SOSIAL MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH PADA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 2 KURIPAN KABUPATEN BARITO KUALA
Authors: Wahyu Wahyu
Published: March 2020

Learning social studies teacher at the school applied generally not maximized, is evident from the results of tests and observations during classroom learning social studies in grades completeness is still lacking and student activity is still low. This condition should be corrected by learning strategies so that learning can be meaningful for students in dealing with life problems that it faces in the future. Lessons are suitable for this is problem-based learning strategies. This study uses a Class Action Research (PTK) with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used were observation of teachers and students in learning activities. Learning outcomes measured by the initial test and final test on each cycle and analyzed using Anates program. The results showed that the activity of teachers through problem-based learning to obtain a score of 85.71 in the first cycle and 95.23 in the second cycle. Student learning activities also increased there the first cycle (meeting of 1 and 2) reached 78% and 79%, while the second cycle (meeting of 1 and 2) reached 81% and 88%. The study of students in the first cycle reaches 72.50 with classical completeness 80%, while the second cycle reaches 80.00 with classical completeness 95%. Through problem-based learning beneficial for students to foster creativity and improve learning achievement.Keywords: results of social studies, problem-based learning.
POLA ASUH KELUARGA PETANI DI DESA LOKLAHUNG KECAMATAN LOKSADO KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN
Authors: Nadia Nadia
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to describe parenting peasant family in the Loklahung village. The method used is qualitative descriptive method. The results showed family upbringing farmers in the Loklahung in education patterns parenting authoritative (democratic), in terms of discipline pattern of parenting authoritarian, the impact of social changes that occur in the family in the Loklahung village not only the mother who is in charge of taking care of children but father also took part in parenting and the mother is also involved in making a living as farm stays and weaving baskets, and parenting peasant family in the village of Loklahung in shaping children's character based on the character values such as the nature respect and respect for others are responsible, fair, and caring social studies can be used as a source of learning that focuses on value (value-based).Keywords: parenting, family farmers, values, social studies learning
HUBUNGAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VIII DI MTsN AMUNTAI
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun
Published: March 2020

This research aims to (1) determine the correlation between school environment and learning achievement in IPS of the VIII grade students of MTsN Amuntai, (2) determine the correlation between learning motivation and learning achievement in IPS of the VIII grade students of MTsN Amuntai, (3) determine the correlation among school environment, learning motivation, and learning achievementin IPS of the VIII grade students of MTsN Amuntai. The method used in this research was quantitative method. This research was conducted to the VIII grade students of MTsN Amuntai. The research samples were determined by using Purposive Sampling, the sample used in this study were 138 students with population 292 students. The data were analyzed using the correlation technique of Pearson Product Moment, t-test and multiple correlation. The instruments were tested in advance with the aim of analyzing the validity and reliability. The hypothesis testing used Pearson Correlation Product Moment, t test and multiple correlation with SPSS 14.0 for window at the significant level of 0.05 (5%). The result of the research shows that school area has strong correlation with the learning achievement in IPS. The strong correlation can seen from the ry1 value  which is 0.420, in the interval 0.400-1.000 with very strong criteria. Learning motivation has strong correlation with the learning achievement in IPS. The strong correlation can be seen from the ry2 value 0.199, which is in the interval of 0.000-0.199 with strong criteria. Those three factors are related to each other in supporting the learning achievement in IPS. Pursuant to result of research, hence suggested (1) Teacher expected can make student is not saturated bored and to follow lesson of IPS; (2) Student expected can exploit environment which is kondusif; (3) Ministry of religion to be more pay attention existing facilities and basic facilities each every school.Key words: school environment, learning motivation, and learning achievement of social studies
PEMBENTUKAN SIKAP SOSIAL MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN IPS PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 3 PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Natalia Desiana
Published: March 2020

Social attitudes is awareness within the individual. In SMP Negeri 3 Palangkaraya VII class, the teacher was instrumental in the formation of social attitudes of students, especially through social studies learning. The purpose of this researc his to know how Social Attitude Formation Through Social Learning In Seventh Grade Students of SMP Negeri 3 Palangkaraya. This study used a qualitative method. Results of the study is that the SMP Negeri 3 Palangkaraya implement Curriculum 2013, in which there are aspects of attitude assessment. Social attitudes of students can be formed in a social studies lesson with the teacher giving an example of a good attitude to the students both in the classroom and outside the classroom. Keywords: Social Attitudes and Social Learning Sikap sosial adalah kesadaran dalam diri individu. Di SMP Negeri 3 kelas Palangkaraya VII, guru berperan dalam pembentukan sikap sosial siswa, terutama melalui studi sosial pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Sikap Formasi Sosial Melalui Pembelajaran Sosial Dalam Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Palangkaraya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil dari studi ini adalah bahwa SMP Negeri 3 Palangkaraya menerapkan Kurikulum 2013, di mana ada aspek penilaian sikap. sikap sosial siswa dapat dibentuk dalam pelajaran IPS dengan guru memberikan contoh sikap yang baik kepada siswa baik di kelas maupun di luar kelas.Kata kunci: Sikap Sosial dan Pembelajaran Sosial
KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU IPS BERSERTIFIKAT PENDIDIK DI SMP NEGERI 1 BANJARMASIN
Authors: Sania Sania
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this research is to investigate: (1) The pedagogical competence of IPS certified teachers in SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin, (2) The factors affecting Social Studies certified teacher competence in SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that (1) There are still short comings of the pedagogic competence of certified social studies teachers in SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. Of the seven pedagogical components, there are three components that are not maximally applied, among others are understanding the characteristics of students, lacking of learning activities that utilizes the use of ICT, problems in assessmentandevaluation referring to the2013 Curriculum;(2) Factors affecting pedagogic competence of certified social studies teachers in SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin are: a) Input factor; b) Nurturing problem of the certified social studies teachers in SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin by the Municipal Education Authorities and the Principal, and c). Internal problems of teachers. In realizing competent and professional teachers, alls take holders must play a role and show responsibility in fostering sustainable teacher professionalism.Keywords: Pedagogic Competence, Social Studies Teacher, Educator’s CertificateTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) kompetensi pedagogik guru bersertifikat IPS di SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin, (2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Ilmu Sosial bersertifikat kompetensi guru di SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Masih kekurangan dari kompetensi pedagogik guru IPS bersertifikat di SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. Dari tujuh komponen pedagogis, ada tiga komponen yang tidak maksimal diterapkan, antara lain memahami karakteristik siswa, kurang dari kegiatan pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan penggunaan ICT, masalah dalam penilaian dan evaluasi mengacu pada 2013 Kurikulum; (2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kompetensi pedagogik guru IPS bersertifikat di SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin adalah: a) faktor input; b) Memelihara masalah guru studi bersertifikat sosial di SMP Negeri 1 Banjarmasin dengan Otoritas Pendidikan Kota dan Kepala Sekolah, dan c). masalah internal guru. Dalam mewujudkan guru yang kompeten dan profesional, semua pemangku kepentingan harus berperan dan menunjukkan tanggung jawab dalam membina profesionalisme guru berkelanjutan.Kata kunci: Pedagogik Kompetensi, Ilmu Sosial Guru, Pendidik Sertifikat
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERTANYA SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 5 MUARA UYA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TALKING STICK
Authors: Norpah Norpah
Published: March 2020

This study was a classroom action research.  This study aimed to improve the students’asking skill through the cooperative learning method, especially the Talking Stick model, which is relevant to the situation and condition in year VIII SMP Negeri 5Muara Uya.  The study consisted of two cyclesduring four months. The data were collected through observations and tests. The result of this study showed that during the action implementation, the students’ asking skill were improved from 82% in cycle 1 to 87% in cycle 2.  Therefore, the application of the model to improve the students’ asking skill.Keywords: students’ asking skill, talking stick model. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan bertanya siswakelas VIII SMPN 5 Muara Uya melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif Talking Stick, khususnya pada materi Kondisi Fisik Wilayah dan Penduduk Indonesia. Penelitian dilaksanakan dua siklus selama 4 bulan.  Pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan tes dengan menggunakan lembar observasi selama tindakan, lembar penilaian siswa, lembar kerja siswa, dan hasil tes akhir siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan bertanya siswa meningkat dari 82% pada siklus 1 menjadi87% pada siklus 2. Dengan demikian penerapan model pembelajaran Talking Stick meningkatkan keterampilan bertanya siswa.Kata Kunci:  keterampilan bertanya siswa, model pembelajaran Talking Stick.
Potential Therapeutic Agents for COVID-19 Based on the Analysis of Protease and RNA Polymerase Docking
Authors: Chang Yu-Chuan , Tung Yi-An , Lee Ko-Han , Chen Ting-Fu , Hsiao Yu-Chun , Chang Hung-Ching , Hsieh Tsung-Ting , Su Chan-Hung , Wang Su-Shia , Yu Jheng-Ying , Shih Shang-shung , Lin Yu-Hsiang , Lin Yin-Hung , Tu Yi-Chin Ethan , Hsu Chun-Hua , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Tung Chun-Wei , Chen Chien-Yu
Published: March 2020

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections in 2019 is in dire need of finding potential therapeutic agents. In this study, we used molecular docking to repurpose HIV protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogues for COVID-19, with evaluations based on docking scores calculated by AutoDock Vina and RosettaCommons. Our results suggest that Indinavir and Remdesivir possess the best docking scores, and comparison of the docking sites of the two drugs reveal a near perfect dock in the overlapping region of the protein pockets. After further investigation of the functional regions inferred from the proteins of SARS coronavirus, we discovered that Indinavir does not dock on any active sites of the protease, which may give rise to concern in regards to the efficacy of Indinavir. On the other hand, the docking site of Remdesivir is not compatible with any known functional regions, including template binding motifs, polymerization motifs and nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) binding motifs. However, when we tested the active form (CHEMBL2016761) of Remdesivir, the docking site revealed a perfect dock in the overlapping region of the NTP binding motif. This result suggests that Remdesivir could be a potential therapeutic agent. Clinical trials still must be done in order to confirm the curative effect of these drugs.
MiR-144: A New Possible Therapeutic Target in Cancers
Authors: Kooshkaki Omid , Rezaei Zohre , Rahmati Meysam , Vahedi Parviz , Derakhshani Afshin , Brunetti Oronzo , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Mansoori Behzad , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad
Published: March 2020

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small and non-coding RNAs displaying aberrant expression in the tissue and plasma of cancer patients in comparison to healthy individuals. In past decades, accumulating data proposed that miRNAs could be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. It has been identified that miRNAs can act either as oncogenes through silencing of tumor inhibitors or tumor suppressor via targeting oncoproteins. MiR-144 is located in chromosomal region 17q11.2 that was widely destroyed in many types of cancers. Several studies revealed that miR-144 has different target genes including rapamycin, zonula occludens1, SFRP1, and ANO1. MiR-144 acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene by targeting specific genes. In this review, we define the role of miR‐144 and its targets in different cancers and provide understanding in tumor proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.
Three Decades of Selecting Honey Bees that Survive Infestations by the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor: Outcomes, Limitations and Strategy
Authors: Guichard Matthieu , Dietemann Vincent , Neuditschko Markus , Dainat Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Despite the implementation of control strategies, the invasive parasitic mite Varroa destructor remains one of the principal causes of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses in numerous countries. For this reason, the parasite represents a serious threat to beekeeping and to agro-ecosystems that benefit from the pollination services provided by honey bees. Numerous selection programmes have been initiated over the last three decades with the aim of promoting the establishment of balance in the host–parasite relationship and, thus, helping European honey bees to survive in the presence of the parasite without the need for acaricide treatments. Such programmes have focused on either selective breeding for putative resistance traits or natural selection. To date, no clear overview of these attempts has been available, which has prevented building on past successes or failures and, therefore, hindered the development of a sustainable strategy for solving the V. destructor problem. In the present study, we review past and current selection strategies, report on their outcomes and discuss their limitations. Based on this state-of-the-art knowledge, we propose a strategy for increasing response to selection and colony survival against V. destructor infestations. Developing in-depth knowledge regarding the selected traits, optimising selection programmes and communicating their outcomes are all crucial to our efforts to establish a balanced relationship between the invasive parasite and its new host.
An Antiviral Process Targeting HTLV-1: The Complex Relationship between HTLV-1 and Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay
Authors: Prochasson Léa , Jalinot Pierre , Mocquet Vincent
Published: March 2020

Before the adaptive immune response is established, retroviruses can be targeted by several cellular host factors at different stages of the viral replication cycle. This intrinsic immunity relies on a large diversity of antiviral processes. In the case of HTLV-1 infection, these active innate host defence mechanisms are debated. Among these mechanisms, we focused on a RNA decay pathway called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which can target multiple viral RNAs, including HTLV-1 unspliced RNA, as it has been recently demonstrated. NMD is a cotranslational process that depends on the RNA helicase UPF1 and regulates the expression of multiple types of host mRNAs. RNA sensitivity to NMD depends on mRNA organization and the ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) composition. HTLV-1 has evolved several means to evade the NMD threat, leading to NMD inhibition. In the early steps of infection, NMD inhibition favours the production of HTLV-1 infectious particles, which may contribute to the survival of the most fit clones despite genome instability; however, its direct long-term impact remains to be investigated.
Synthesis of Aminated Polystyrene and Its Self-assembly with Nanoparticles at Oil/water Interface
Authors: Shi Chenliang , Yang Yukun , Lin Ling , Luo Wenjia , Deng Maoqing , Luo Pingya , Wu Yujie
Published: March 2020

Nanoparticle (NP)–surfactants formed by the self-assembly of NPs and end-functionalized polymers at the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface have a wide range of applications in many fields. In this study, the influence of density of amino groups, NPs dimension and pH on the interaction between end-functionalized polymers and NPs were extensively investigated. Single amino-terminated polystyrene (PS-NH2, Mw ≈ 0.6k, 2.5k, 3.5k, 3.9k) and diamino-terminated polystyrene (H2N-PS-NH2, Mw ≈ 1.1k, 2.8k) were prepared using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. NPs with different dimensions (zero-dimensional carbon dots with sulfonate groups, one-dimensional cellulose nanocrystals with sulfate groups and two-dimensional graphene with sulfonate groups) in the aqueous phase were added into the toluene phase containing the aminated PS. The influence of pH and the molecular weight of amino-terminated PS on the interfacial tension between two phases were investigated. The results indicate that aminated PS exhibited the strongest interfacial activity after compounding with sulfonated NPs at a pH of 3. Terminating PS with amino groups on both ends leads to better performance in in reducing the water/toluene interfacial tension than modifying the molecular structure of PS on a single end. The dimension of sulfonated NPs also contributed significantly to the reduction of the water/toluene interfacial tension. The minimal interfacial tension was 4.49 mN/m after compounding PS-NH2 with sulfonated zero-dimensional carbon dots. Molecular dynamics simulation on the evolution of the water/toluene interface in the presence of sulfonated carbon dots and H2N-PS-NH2 revealed that these opposite charged substances moved towards the interface in an extreme short time and orderly assembled in a thermodynamic equilibrium.
Evaluation the methods of Educating Organizational Strategic Capability in Kerman Executive Organizations
Authors: Khezri Mitra , Pourkiani Masoud , Sayadi Saeed , Salajegheh Sanjar
Published: March 2020

Modernity and recent innovations and advances in information technology, human resources, marketing, and innovation have played a key role in accelerating the emergence of organizational strategic capabilities .  Teaching the ways of It has become an essential issue for organizational success. Considering the importance of the subject, the objective of this article is to evaluate the available methods of teaching the organizational strategic capability in Kerman executive organizations. The present study is an applied research in terms of objective and descriptive in terms of nature and survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups. The first group consisted of experts including management professors who had knowledge on this subject and their number was unknown, and 30 of them were selected purposefully. The second group consisted of all employees of Kerman executive organizations. The sample size of employees was estimated to be 380 people based on Morgan table. They were selected by stratified random sampling. The researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 39 questions scored on Likert scale ranging from very low to very high. The content validity of the questions was examined, modified and verified by experts’ opinions. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the variables was higher than 0.7, indicating the internal consistency of the items and confirming the reliability of the questions. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, univariate t-test, and Friedman test through SPSS software. According to the results, the status of organizational strategic capabilities was high in Kerman executive organizations. Also, IT and organizational structure had the highest priority among the dimensions of organizational strategic capabilities.
The Values of Pancasila in Electronic Banking Agreement
Authors: Famauri Andi Tenri
Published: March 2020

Pancasila as a state’s foundation (philosophische grondslag), its values have exist, inherent and predicted in daily life as a way of life; therefore the material of Pancasila in the form of these values is the Indonesian Nation itself. The research is a normative-legal research. The research approach uses a statute, historical and conceptual approaches. The results show that Pancasila as the State’s foundation (Philosophische Grondslag) is universal and open, especially in the life of nation; it can be used in all aspects of life. Changes in banking activities, from conventional to electronic banking (e-banking) cannot be avoided again. The elements of morality and good values in banking are much needed, because banks as financial institutions that manage public money as customers have a great responsibility must be accompanied by honesty and dedication as important elements in trust. Consider the foundation of business in the banking sector is trust. The principle of good faith is placed as super eminent principle in the agreement. It is based on the principle of good faith related with the behavior of someone that becomes a basis for the agreement to bind them (pacta sunt servanda). Thus, the basic values of Pancasila that emphasize fair and civilized humanity can be applied as part of the values that live in Indonesian peoples.
Investigation of Corrosion Resistance Enhancement for Biodegradable Magnesium Alloy by Ball Burnishing Process
Authors: Cao Chenyao , Zhu Jiang , Tanaka Tomohisa , Pham Dinh Ngoc ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan,   Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Published: March 2020

Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys are considered ideal materials for implants in orthopedic treatment because their stiffness is close to that of human bones, and they can be absorbed gradually in the human organism. However, a major issue in their actual application is that the corrosion speed of Mg alloys is very high in aggressive environments such as the human fluids. In previous studies, many approaches have been attempted to enhance the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. In this research, ball burnishing, a mechanical surface finishing process, is applied to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys by changing its surface properties. The influence of the burnishing parameters on the corrosion resistance is investigated, and the corrosion of a treated and non-treated sample are compared. The test material used is the AZ31 Mg alloy. Firstly, a comprehensive review of the effect of burnishing on the final microstructures is reported. The influence of burnishing on grain size, work-hardened layer thickness, crystal orientation, and residual stress of the sample is discussed. Secondly, by conducting an especially designed long-term immersion test, the mass loss and surface evolution of each sample are evaluated. The experimental results indicate that, under proper processing conditions, the mass loss of the treated sample (8.8 mg) can be reduced to 36% of the non-treated one (24.2 mg). To elucidate the mechanism behind corrosion resistance enhancement by burnishing, the samples treated with the optimal processing parameters found are immersed in an aggressive solution for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. From the results of mass loss measurement and surface structure characterization, it was found that, among pitting, general, and intergranular corrosion, pitting corrosion is the dominant corrosion mechanism. The holes enlarge because pits combine together, representing the greatest portion of mass loss. The main mechanism enhancing corrosion resistance is the size reduction of the grains on the surface induced by ball burnishing, causing a denser distribution of corrosion products in the immersion test. These corrosion products protect the material underneath accelerated corrosion.
Evaluation of Dynamic Characteristics of a Hybrid Guideway System
Authors: Oshita Isao , Matsubara Atsushi , Sumida Tsuneto ,   Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nisikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan,   Yasda Precision Tools K. K., Okayama, Japan
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the dynamic characteristics of a hybrid guideway system that employs sliding guides as the primary support and rolling guides to decrease the friction force and improve servo response. A drive table with a linear motor was fabricated, and the dynamic responses of the proposed hybrid guideway to command input and disturbances were measured. The results indicate that the developed guideway system provides high dynamic stiffness without sacrificing the accuracy of servo response. Furthermore the floating action of the table influenced the dynamic compliance of the guide in the horizontal direction.
Hubungan Antara Orientasi Nilai (Value Orientation) dengan Perilaku Pro Lingkungan (Pro Environmental Behavior) Siswa
Authors: Rahman Ayu Awalia
Published: March 2020

Pro environmental behavior is a person's activity that aims to improve the quality of the environment and reduce the environmental impact of one's actions that can damage the environment which can be seen from several factors. One of the factors is value orientation. This study aims to determine the relationship between value orientation and pro environmental behavior in high school students in Jakarta. The study was conducted at 71 Jakarta High School in the first semester of the 2019/2020 Academic Year. The method used is a survey method with correlational techniques. The samples used was 100 students of class XI MIPA who were randomly selected. Data was collected using value orientation instruments (biospheric, altruistic and egoistic) with a sample reliability coefficient of 0.770 and a pro environmental behavior with a sample reliability coefficient of 0.868. Data analysis was performed with a simple linear regression test to measure the magnitude of the relationship used the Pearson Product Moment formula at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between value orientation and pro environmental behavior. The correlation coefficient of this research is 0.338. The contribution of value orientation variables to students' pro environmental behavior variables was 14.1%. Therefore, value orientation has a role in pro-environmental behavior of students.
IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Addahlawi Hilmi Alwi , Mustaghfiroh Umi , Ni'mah Lailatul Khoirun , Sundusiyah Asfiyatus , Hidayatullah Ahmad Fauzan
Published: March 2020

Sudah menjadi rahasia umum bahwa permasalahan lingkungan hidup yang sering menjadi perbincangan masyarakat saat ini adalah masalah sampah. Sampah merupakan permasalahan kompleks dan serius yang dihadapi oleh banyak negara, baik negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Agar permasalahan sampah ini dapat tertangani dengan baik, maka diperlukan kerjasama antar semua anggota masyarakat baik dari pihak pemerintah, instansi swasta, maupun masyarakat pada umumnya. Kebijakan pemerintah tentang pengelolaan sampah perlu ditegakkan agar permasalahan ini dapat tertangani dengan baik. Salah satunya yaitu dengan penerapan prinsip good environmental governance dalam pengelolaan sampah. Masing-masing daerah dapat menyelenggarakan berbagai kegiatan dalam rangka pengeloaan sampah agar kelestarian lingkungan hidup tetap terjaga.
PENERAPAN KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN MENUJU UDARA BERSIH DI KERAJINAN PERAK DESA CELUK PROVINSI BALI
Authors: Pramudi Arian
Published: March 2020

The village of Celuk belongs to Sukawati sub-district, Gianyar regency of Bali province. Celuk Bali Village is famous for the results of gold and silver craftsmen, the home-made crafts do have the quality and taste of high-value art. Silvery handicraft activity one of them is the activity of plating (elektoplating). Electroplating process in addition to producing useful products, also produce solid waste, gas and liquid emissions. Waste in the form of gas emissions generally comes from the evaporation of electrolyte, solvent, acid vapor, and cleaning fluids. The purpose of this paper is how the implementation of environmental management policy of air pollution control towards clean air to silver artisans in Celuk Village. By using methods of data collection with instruments and interviews. From the results of questionnaires and interviews, 0% results obtained for indicators of the implementation of environmental management policies of air pollution control and only 25% for the indicator of clean air
Innovation in Social Management, A Way to Create Shared Value While Building Trust. The Case of Health Services in Remote Native Communities
Authors: Joo Garfias Vanessa Carolina , Egoavil Ayala Miguel Sebastian
Published: March 2020

The Company has operations in the jungle of Peru where it is the operator of one block. The relationship with the communities is key to the success of the business and, therefore, in its social management model it establishes a participatory and constant dialogue with its stakeholders in order to identify, know and consider the social environment to contribute to their socio-economic development. From this process in one of the communities, the challenge arose of how to shorten the gaps in medical care, being accessible to the territory, the main cause.

The socio-geographical environment of the community becomes an even greater challenge given the lack of access roads to the Amazon territory from the big cities of the country and the little presence of the institutions of the Peruvian state. Given this scenario, it was necessary to seek innovative solutions and change paradigms on medical care. In telemedicine an alternative was found to respond to this problem.

However, telemedicine implies a great change and a great challenge. It is necessary to start with a project whose smaller scope would ensure its viability while preserving innovation and the paradigm shift as axes.

In the EIA Social Baseline, it was determined that diseases and conditions of childbirth care influence the termination of pregnancy, in addition to increasing the risk of both maternal and infant mortality.

For this reason, tele-ultrasound was chosen, since being an innovative methodology where the processes of acquisition and interpretation of ultrasound findings are separated, it allows to share images hundreds of kilometers away, and thus strengthen preventive health to ensure the life of the newborn and the mother.

A partner with experience in the use of tele-medicine was necessary for this innovative project to be a reality, bringing public institutions closer and training the technical staff of the community medical post in the use of this technology.

A 50% ultrasound of pregnant women (60 pregnant women attended) was performed, reaching five pregnant women who the system did not attend previously and finding an ultrasound finding of total placenta previa detected and a partial placenta previa.

Through the use of tele-ultrasound echography, pregnant women who previously had difficulties in being able to be treated and have a proper follow-up of their pregnancy have been treated. In addition, the positive experience of the use of tele-ultrasound allowed the initial scope to be enlarged, being able to attend to other health specialties such as thyroid-related diseases or fatty liver.
Risk Management Strategies Required for Unconventional Oil and Gas Exploration and Development in Latin America
Authors: Bravo Oscar , Hernandez Diego F.
Published: March 2020

Lack of information, ambiguity, uncertainty and differing risk perceptions among stakeholders have generated an atmosphere of distrust that hinders unconventional oil and gas (UOG) exploration and development E&P. The objective of this paper is to identify the risk management strategies required by E&P companies focused on UOG to control and communicate operational, HSSE and social uncertainties.

Firms should use the proper risk management tools and communication strategies to effectively cope with uncertainties and generate trust to obtain the Social License to Operate (LTO). Operational risk management, resilience, antifragility and the Risk Governance Framework, with a focus on effective communication, are key to generate long-term confidence, a requirement for situations characterized by uncertainty, complexity, or ambiguity.

The authors update the general matrix for risk management strategy considering the uncertainty category, with the inclusion of antifragility, as a management strategy in pursuing opportunities. An analysis of key uncertainties, taking into account social factors and mitigation plans to control such uncertainties and satisfy stakeholder perceptions is presented. This holistic risk assessment approach incorporates results from interviews and observations of top industry performers in Latin America to identify best practices successfully implemented by those companies to counter ambiguity. To facilitate its implementation, the authors propose a comprehensive five-step risk management process.

We conclude that E&P companies can effectively mitigate operational, HSSE and social risks by incorporating strict regulation compliance, leading edge technologies, best practices in operations, engagement with stakeholders, effective communication and direct community investment. Moreover, together with an antifragility approach, that incorporates optionality, hormesis, nuanced risk-taking and redundancy, it is possible for companies to capture the underlying opportunities within uncertainty and position them to adapt and grow. By applying these novel approaches for risk management, we hope to increase visibility regarding the convenience of hydraulic fracturing and provide firms with more reliable risk management practices to facilitate the obtainment of the LTO.
Comparative Analysis of Alternative Solutions for Produced Water Management in Offshore Environment Based on Life Cycle Assessment and Biodiversity Impact Assessment
Authors: Chiavico Mattia , Cova Carlo Alberto , Buffagni Melania , Pavanel Elena , Pedullà Martino , Florio Maurizio
Published: March 2020

The produced water management represents an important issue for the Oil&Gas industry.

This paper illustrates the development and testing of a Life Cycle Assessment-based, phased methodology employable to various offshore contexts for the comparative assessment of alternative produced water management options (such as injection versus sea discharge), based on their potential effects on the environment.

The first phase of the assessment consists in the quantification and the comparison of global environmental pressures resulting from produced water management processes (facilities installation, use of materials, energy consumption, discharges) through the application of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), in compliance with ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.

The second phase consists in the local impacts assessment. It starts with the definition of biodiversity and ecosystem services values (biodiversity screening) in the Project area using secondary data, such as global and local datasets and scientific bibliography, with the objective to relate the sensitive receptors eventually occurring in the area. This phase continues with the Biodiversity Impact Assessment, which is conducted through a matrix approach that evaluates the significance of the impacts on the related receptors. The approach is based on a combination of the following aspects. The sensitivity of local biodiversity to the defined impact categories.The magnitude of the local impacts.

The third and final phase of the process entails a detailed dispersion modelling of the produced water discharges into the sea. The discharges into the sea were identified as the most impactful produced management solution in the previous phases.

The whole methodology aims at introducing a complete and quantitative assessment to select the most sustainable design for produced water management, shifting from a broader perspective (LCA considers global impact categories), to a local perspective (focused on the natural context of the Project area).
Skill Equals Competence Plus Experience
Authors: Hudson Timothy Gordon , Hudson Professor Patrick
Published: March 2020

Skill = Competence + Experience

The paper discusses the development of skill in the management of risk and discusses challenges posed in the lower probability margins of the risk space within which operations are conducted. In hindsight failures of competence are often framed in terms of a lack of experience but this cannot always be delivered by competence training.

In hazardous industries there is a requirement for skilled individuals who can manage dangerous operations either on their own or in small teams. The requirement for minimum levels of skill in increasingly complex environments has been met by setting requirements for competence, often embedded in a Skills Management System. While the level of competence acquired after initial training, and with recurrent training, is generally sufficient to ensure procedures are applied on a daily basis, situations may still arise when individuals are called to perform beyond the minimum.

In aviation there are often calls for pilots with greater experience when things have gone wrong, but hours flown may not deliver the necessary skill. In the Deepwater Horizon disaster apparently competent individuals on and off the rig also nevertheless appeared to lack the necessary experience when faced with anomalous information.

This paper considers the need to go beyond the minimum in training to acquire experience without having to undergo dangerous situations that are outside the scenarios used for competence acquisition - ‘squeaky bottom moments’. Using the notion of a ‘possibility space’ we consider that most scenarios used in training cover all the simple and most of the more complex possible accidents, but do not cover the many remaining scenarios. Success in training and safety management has resulted in good safety performance but leaves behind the residual weird (Wildly Erratic Incident Resulting in Disaster) incidents for which experience is essential to avoid bad outcomes and which us away from still achieving zero harm. The paper discusses how experience and competence combine as skill.
Sharing the Experience of the Ecological and Participatory Restoration in Drilling Locations: A Sustainable Synergy Between Communities, the State and the Company
Authors: Gutierrez Mesías Fernando , Changano Guevara Humberto , Diaz Venero Alfonso , Ahumada Morales Carlos , Ramos Cesar , Cardenas David
Published: March 2020

The restoration of ecosystem and functions to a trajectory that shows a clear recovery path of the areas is a commitment made by Repsol in the areas intervened during the exploration phase. The latest areas to restore were the drilling pads Mapi LX and Mashira GX, both in the territory of the Tsoroja Native Community and in the buffer area of the Ashaninka Communal Reserve, a protected area by the state. This paper aims to show the concerted effort made by Repsol with the native communities, the Service of Natural Protected Areas of Peru (SERNANP) and the administration of the Ashaninka Communal Reserve (ECOASHANINKA) in order to achieve the ecological restoration of this areas in a participatory manner.
Satisfying Local Expectations: A Case Study on Total's Subsidiaries in Bolivia and Congo
Authors: de Sartre Xavier Arnauld , Castro Monica , Aublet Benoit , Desriac Philippe
Published: March 2020

This article examines the logic followed by two subsidiaries of the Total group in order to meet the expectations of local populations. This communication explores the ways in which the Congolese and Bolivian subsidiary manage these expectations: what resources do they have? How are these services internally organized to satisfy social demands? What are the tools available to enable local social development in line with the company's project? Is this development still compatible with the priority given to business issues?

Our research encompasses two field surveys in Congo and Bolivia. We conducted 86 interviews in the two subsidiaries (49 in Bolivia and 37 in Congo) with both subsidiaries (CLO, social teams) and external stakeholders such as NGOs, environmental associations, experts, representatives of local communities and researchers. Our aim is to understand how societal conflicts are managed within these two subsidiaries, in order to identify and explain differences in these managements. We examined the different socio-economic and political contexts in which Total operates its hydrocarbon activities, showing that these contexts have different influences on how societal issues are taken into account. We reviewed the strategies used by the subsidiaries, engaging with the management profiles of "social risks" – as they are commonly identified by stakeholders. Finally, we studied the limits and resistances showed by subsidiaries to the application and development of societal tools.

Our findings show that subsidiaries face similar social risks, but develop different strategies to manage them. In Bolivia, the objective assigned to the social team is to anticipate and minimize social risks. In Congo, the approach is more of a remediation one, symptomatic of the need to manage social problems on a case-by-case basis. These differences can been explained by subsidiaries’ cultures and by their visions of sustainable development, in particular in relation to risks and social conflicts. Finally, although Total has developed a number of rules, guidelines, procedures, guides, manuals and tools to address these issues – that are valid and relevant – the problem lies in their implementation.