bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choisir la césarienne : une pratique où convergent habitus de classe et intérêts médicaux
Authors: Gelly Maud , Cristofalo Paula , Gasquet-Blanchard Clélia
Published: December 2019

Dans un contexte d’interrogation de la pertinence des pratiques autour de l’accouchement, nous analysons le choix de la césarienne comme produit des rapports de classe et de l’offre médicale. Par une enquête qualitative dans une maternité privée de type 1 accueillant une clientèle très aisée, et pratiquant la césarienne à des taux élevés, nous explorerons les logiques professionnelles et les logiques de classe qui contribuent à rendre compte de l’offre et de la demande de césarienne. L’article analyse les conditions sociales de possibilité d’une préférence pour la césarienne, du côté des femmes comme du côté des obstétricien·ne·s, et rend compte des modalités du choix de la césarienne par les femmes et de ses modalités de légitimation, par les obstétricien.ne.s, lorsqu’elle est pratiquée en dehors des critères définis par les recommandations médicales nationales.
Escultores italianos en España a comienzos del siglo XVIII: novedades sobre Domenico Lemico y Domenico Grasselli
Authors: Gaeta Letizia , García Luque Manuel
Published: December 2019

La instalación en Andalucía del escultor napolitano Domenico Lemico y del escultor veneciano Domenico Grasselli a comienzos del siglo XVIII constituye un episodio olvidado en la historia de las relaciones artísticas entre España e Italia. En este artículo reconstruimos la trayectoria ibérica de ambos artistas mediante el estudio de fuentes inéditas y la atribución de nuevas obras.
La mirada explícita: fundamentos estéticos de la fotografía de Xavier Miserachs
Authors: Vega Carmelo
Published: December 2019

Xavier Miserachs fue uno de los fotógrafos más influyentes en el contexto de la fotografía española de los años 50 y 60. Su discurso fotográfico y sus proyectos editoriales personales (Barcelona blanco y negro, 1964; Costa Brava Show, 1966) marcaron un camino de renovación y modernización fotográfica hacia los lenguajes de la fotografía de reportaje, que se alejaba de los postulados académicos del “salonismo” y de las agrupaciones fotográficas.
Las clasificaciones de los cuentos: el catálogo ATU vs. la morfología de Propp. Un caso práctico
Authors: Cantero Atenza Natalia
Published: December 2019

Los innumerables cuentos folclóricos se encuentran en todas las culturas de la geografía mundial. Algunos estudiosos, como Antti Aarne, Stith Thompson y Hans-Jörg Uther, han tratado de catalogarlos en índices que tienen en cuenta versiones de todo el mundo, así como aspectos temáticos o elementos repetitivos de los mismos. Estas clasificaciones han servido durante años como referencia a la hora de localizar y llevar a cabo distintos estudios en el campo de los cuentos folclóricos. Sin embargo, algunos críticos han cuestionado su validez. Vladimir Propp propone otro tipo de clasificación derivada de la propia morfología del cuento y basada en las funciones de los personajes. El presente trabajo tratará de confrontar las propuestas de unos y otros autores a través de un caso práctico: el análisis morfológico estructural de dos cuentos clasificados por Aarne, Thompson y Uther dentro de la categoría de «cuentos maravillosos» y tipificados como 311B* y 327C.
Vaivenes de un tópico: la contraposición corte y aldea en el último Lope de Vega
Authors: Rivera Salmerón Esperanza
Published: December 2019

El menosprecio de corte y la alabanza de aldea es un leit motiv en varias de las comedias del Lope de senectud. En ellas vemos cómo ambos espacios se cargan de un peculiar significado y cómo reflejan simbólicamente siempre las mismas ideas, aquellas que la tradición ha consagrado: la corte es el lugar de la envidia, del engaño, del poder; mientras que la aldea lo es de la paz, de la transparencia, del amor sin ataduras sociales, del locus amoenus. Ejemplo de ello son las comedias palatinas Del monte sale quien al monte quema, La boba para los otros y discreta para sí, Porfiando vence amor, La mayor virtud de un rey o ¡Si no vieran las mujeres! Estudiaremos sus personajes, sus argumentos, sus versos..., y nos detendremos fundamentalmente en sus esquemas dramáticos para intentar explicar por qué estos lugares literarios se convierten en una obsesión del último Lope
La traducción de Antonio Marqués y Espejo de la Historia de los naufragios (1803-1804): una empresa literariamente instructiva y económicamente provechosa
Authors: Rodríguez Morín Felipe
Published: December 2019

Durante 1803 y 1804 Antonio Marqués y Espejo publicó en cinco volúmenes la Historia de los naufragios, traducción al castellano del libro francés Histoire des naufrages, que su autor galo, Deperthes, había dado a la luz unos cuantos años antes. Con esta colección sobre desastres acaecidos en el mar, además de escoger un tema muy en boga en la época, procuró Marqués inculcar en el lector la correspondiente dosis didáctica que, envuelta en la más amena capa de la intriga y el entretenimiento, juzgaba había de llevar siempre aparejada toda labor literaria; pero, según se desprende del análisis de algunas de sus anotaciones, creemos que su principal aspiración consistió en alcanzar el éxito comercial en la venta de la obra, con la consiguiente ganancia pecuniaria.
L’indemnisation des victimes d’actes terroristes : responsabilité publique ou garantie sociale ?
Authors: Qazbir Hanan
Published: December 2019

Si l’indemnisation des victimes d’actes de terrorisme n’est pas sujette à débat, il n’en va pas de même pour le fondement du régime qui l’organise. Le régime actuel, créé, en 1986 a pour origine la loi qui met en place un système d’indemnisation dont les caractéristiques sont celles de type assuranciel. Aussi, cet élément contribue à s’interroger sur la qualification de régime de responsabilité publique. Bien plus, l’État dans son rôle d’assureur est convoqué et non pas sa responsabilité.
L’avènement de la coproduction de la sécurité : le bilan et les acteurs
Authors: Heyeghe Héritage Bita
Published: December 2019

Cette étude porte sur la production de la sécurité des personnes et des biens. Si elle confirme l’idée selon laquelle l’État est le « producteur naturel » de cette sécurité, d’autres de ses développements nuancent le propos en soulignant la présence aux côtés de celui-ci, d’autres Acteurs : notamment les collectivités territoriales et les agents privés de sécurité. Cette association, désormais qualifiée de « coproduction » de la sécurité, tend à être de plus en plus présentée par les personnalités politiques comme une nécessité, dans un contexte où la sécurité des personnes est de plus en plus menacée par la montée en puissance de la délinquance et des attaques terroristes ; la carence d’ordre humain, matériel, financier etc. à laquelle font souvent face les personnes publiques, justifierait également le recours à d’autres acteurs en vue de protéger les personnes et leurs biens. Il apparaît dès lors intéressant au-delà de la présentation des acteurs de cette « coproduction » de la sécurité, de dresser le bilan d’une telle politique de sécurité ; ce qui permettra autant de relever sa part de positivité que de critiquer certains aspects de sa mise en œuvre. Au demeurant, l’interprétation d’une telle politique de sécurité s’avère nécessaire. Le propos avancera qu’elle traduirait une certaine mutation de l’État régalien.
A Psicologia do trabalho e as Clínicas do trabalho no Brasil
Authors: Araújo José Newton Garcia de , Barros Vanessa Andrade de
Published: December 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma breve discussão sobre a Psicologia do trabalho no Brasil e suas interfaces com as Clínicas do trabalho e com o campo da saúde do trabalhador. Nosso ponto de partida são os trabalhos inscritos por pesquisadores brasileiros no “Simpósio França-América Latina”. Um recorte metodológico permitiu-nos eleger esses campos disciplinares, por meio da leitura de títulos, resumos e referências dos trabalhos apresentados. Os textos evidenciaram uma significativa convergência entre aos seguintes temas : a orientação social e crítica, no interesse pelos sujeitos trabalhadores ; a complexidade e as singularidades que regem suas experiências laborais ; os processos de constituição, os engajamentos psíquicos e político-sociais desses trabalhadores. Acreditamos que uma síntese das pesquisas apresentadas neste colóquio reflete o estágio atual da Psicologia do trabalho no Brasil, em suas conexões com as Clínicas do trabalho e com o campo da Saúde do trabalhador.
Extremely Preterm Infants Have Significant Alterations in Their Conventional T Cell Compartment during the First Weeks of Life
Authors: Qazi Khaleda Rahman , Bach Jensen Georg , van der Heiden Marieke , Björkander Sophia , Holmlund Ulrika , Haileselassie Yeneneh , Kokkinou Efthymia , Marchini Giovanna , Jenmalm Maria C. , Abrahamsson Thomas , Sverremark-Ekström Eva
Published: December 2019

Extremely preterm neonates are particularly susceptible to infections, likely because of severely impaired immune function. However, little is known on the composition of the T cell compartment in early life in this vulnerable population. We conducted a comprehensive phenotypic flow cytometry–based longitudinal analysis of the peripheral conventional T cell compartment of human extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) with extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) participating in a randomized placebo-controlled study of probiotic supplementation. PBMCs from ELGAN/ELBW neonates were collected at day 14, day 28, and postmenstrual week 36. Comparisons were made with full-term 14-d-old neonates. Total CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies were markedly lower in the preterm neonates. The reduction was more pronounced among the CD8+ population, resulting in an increased CD4/CD8 ratio. The preterm infants were also more Th2 skewed than the full-term infants. Although the frequency of regulatory T cells seemed normal in the ELGAN/ELBW preterm neonates, their expression of the homing receptors α4β7, CCR4, and CCR9 was altered. Notably, ELGAN/ELBW infants developing necrotizing enterocolitis before day 14 had higher expression of CCR9 in CD4+T cells at day 14. Chorioamnionitis clearly associated with reduced T regulatory cell frequencies and functional characteristics within the preterm group. Finally, probiotic supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri did not impose any phenotypic changes of the conventional T cell compartment. In conclusion, notable immaturities of the T cell compartment in ELGAN/ELBW neonates may at least partially explain their increased susceptibility to severe immune-mediated morbidities.
Overview and Principles of Scientific Writing
Authors: Prayag Amrita
Published: December 2019

Scientific writing in English started in the 14th century. Human beings have been able to communicate for thousands of years. Yet scientific communication as it is today is relatively new. It was only 300 years ago that the first journals were published. Writing is the most vital means for communicating scientific work. It helps document and communicate ideas, activities and findings to others. Good writing can be beneficial to scientists in a number of ways. In this article we have discussed the basic overview and principles of scientific writing.
Clinicopathological Profile of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Chakrabarti Sudipta , Deb Asit Ranjan
Published: December 2019

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitutes one of the most common malignancies in the world. The geographic location influences the etiologic factors and site of tumor. Aims and Objectives: The present study was carried out to illustrate the clinicopathologic profiles of HNSCC patients since data regarding these tumors from eastern region of India are scarce. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was undertaken for 2 years in which patients with histologically proven HNSCC were included. The clinicopathologic features of each case were analyzed. Results: A total of 108 cases were included in the study, among which 79 (73.15%) were male and 29 (26.85%) were female. Mean age of the patients was 53.21 (±12.17) years. The most common risk factor was smoking (63 cases, 58.33%) followed by tobacco or betel nut chewing (41 cases, 37.96%). The common patterns of presentation included ulcerated lesion (51 cases, 47.22%), whitish lesion (28 cases, 25.93%), and hoarseness of voice (11 cases, 10.19%). The most common sites involved were buccal mucosa (36 cases, 33.33%) and dorsal surface of the tongue (26 cases, 24.07%). The most common site for exophytic tumors was buccal mucosa (9 out of 23, 39.13%) and that for ulceroproliferative lesions was tongue (9 out of 17, 52.04%). Microscopically, well-differentiated (Grade I) tumors were most common (67 cases, 62.04%) followed by moderately differentiated (Grade II) tumors (38 cases, 35.19%). A statistically significant correlation was obtained between anatomic site and grade of the tumor. Conclusion: Patients of HNSCC from the eastern region of India have distinctive features with regard to macroscopic appearance and microscopic grade of their tumors.
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma and Targeted Therapy Based on the Biomarkers
Authors: Pandiaraja Jayabal
Published: December 2019

Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of cutaneous malignancy. It accounts for more than 75% of cancer-related deaths among cutaneous malignancies. It accounts for <5% of cutaneous malignancy. Numerous biomarkers are used in malignant melanoma with varying clinical applications, including diagnostic purposes, prognosis, therapeutic purpose, and targeted therapy against melanoma. Systemic chemotherapy in malignant melanoma has little benefit compared to immunotherapy and targeted therapy. The observed overall survival with systemic chemotherapy is much less compared with targeted therapy in advanced or metastatic melanoma. Various targeted therapies are currently used in melanoma treatment including BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib and dabrafenib; MEK inhibitors such as trametinib; anti-CTLA-4 antibodies such as ipilimumab; and anti-programmed cell death 1 antibodies such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and pidilizumab. This study discusses the role of biomarkers and targeted therapies based on the biomarker.
Pediatric Primary Pleural Synovial Sarcoma: A Unique Case Report with Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Vatsayan Anant , Gupta Ajay , Saab Sharazad , Petrosiute Agne
Published: December 2019

Synovial sarcoma (SS) primary to the pleura is an extremely rare tumor. So far, only nine cases have been reported in pediatric patients. However, none of these patients was found to have a conglomeration of tumors. Here, we report a case of 16-year-old female with monophasic SS and synchronous occurrence of left paraspinal ganglioneuroma and a right paraovarian cystadenoma. A next-generation sequencing genetic panel revealed a novel variant of unknown significance in the MET gene. The occurrence of multiple different tumors in a young patient with a novel genetic variant in a known oncogene (MET) may suggest a possibility of a hitherto unknown cancer predisposition syndrome. We also present a brief review of primary pleural SS reported in pediatric patients.
Metaplastic Carcinoma of Breast: Case Series with Cytohistological Correlation
Authors: Sood Neelam , Gupta Sanjay , Navmeet Soin
Published: December 2019

Metaplastic carcinoma of breast (MCB) is a rare breast malignancy. It is important to differentiate metaplastic carcinoma from malignant phyllodes and primary breast sarcomas because of their differing biological behavior and prognosis. We report four cases of MCB diagnosed over the past 15 years. Retrospective review of patient records in a tertiary care setting to retrieve cases diagnosed as MCB. Patient records of the past 15 years (2002–2015) were retrieved. Four histopathologically diagnosed cases of metaplastic carcinoma out of a total of 880 archived cases of breast carcinoma were studied along with their cytopathology. Immunohistochemistry was performed on sections. MCB comprised 0.45% of all breast malignancies. The four cases of MCB included MCB with chondroid metaplasia, spindle cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, and carcinosarcoma. All the tumors were invariably triple negative (estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2/Neu negative) and expression of other epithelial and mesenchymal markers was variable. MCB is a rare breast malignancy. Differential diagnosis is related to the presence of heterologous elements and degree of atypia seen in the lesion. It is important to be aware of this entity as it carries a poor prognosis.
MUC2 and MUC5AC Expression in Colon Cancer: A Preliminary Report from South India
Authors: Jayanth R , Devaraj H , Surendran R , Jain Mayank , Venkataraman Jayanthi
Published: December 2019

Background: There is scanty data from India regarding MUC protein expression from colorectal cancers (CRC) among Indian patients. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is to assess the alterations in the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC in 25 patients with CRC by site of the tumor location and differentiation at histology. Materials and Methods: Patients with proven adenocarcinoma of the colon alone were included for the study. Biopsy specimens obtained from tumorous lesions in the colon were classified based on histopathology as well differentiated, moderately, and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was done in the 4 μm thick sections to identify the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins. Results: MUC2 was uniformly expressed with near similar intensity while MUC5 was moderately (56%) to highly expressed (36%) in mucinous tumors. In nonmucinous tumors, MUC2 was least expressed (68%) with a significant expression on MUC5AC (88%). Except for rectosigmoid growth which had greater expression of MUC5AC (31%), both proximal and distal carcinomas had significant MUC2 and MUC5AC expression. Conclusion: MUC2 and MUC5AC are expressed in colonic cancers, the former showing mildtomoderate expression and the latter moderatetointense expression. The expression is more in mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Is High Altitude an Emergent Occupational Hazard for Primary Malignant Brain Tumors in Young Adults? A Hypothesis
Authors: Sharma Neelam , Purkayastha Abhishek , Pandya Tejas
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Brain cancer accounts for approximately 1.4% of all cancers and 2.3% of all cancer-related deaths. Although relatively rare, the associated morbidity and mortality affecting young- and middle-aged individuals has a major bearing on the death-adjusted life years compared to other malignancies. Over the years, we have observed an increase in the incidence of primary malignant brain tumors (PMBTs) in young adults. This observational analysis is to study the prevalence and pattern of brain tumors in young population and find out any occupational correlation. Materials and Methods: The data were obtained from our tertiary care cancer institute's malignant diseases treatment center registry from January 2008 to January 2018. A total of 416 cases of PMBT were included in this study. Results: Our analysis suggested an overall male predominance with most PMBTs occurring at ages of 20–49 years. The glial tumors constituted 94.3% while other histology identified were gliosarcoma (1) gliomatosis cerebri (1), hemangiopericytoma (3), and pineal tumors (3). In our institute, PMBT constituted 1% of all cancers while 2/416 patients had secondary glioblastoma multiforme with 40% showing positivity for O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter methylation. Conclusions: Most patients belonged to a very young age group without any significant family history. A probable hypothesis could be excessive cosmic radiation exposure to persons staying at high altitude areas due to occupational exigencies for which in-depth case–control epidemiological studies are required to reach any conclusion.
Coupled Systems of Renewal Equations for Forces of Infection through a Contact Network
Authors: Alavinejad Mahnaz , Wu Jianhong
Published: December 2019

We formulate a coupled system of renewal equations for the forces of infections in interacting subgroups through a contact network. We use the theory of order-preserving and sub-homogeneous discrete dynamical systems to show the existence and uniqueness of the disease outbreak final sizes in the sub-populations. We illustrate the general theory through a simple SIR model with exponentially and non-exponentially distributed infectious period.
The Range of the Cesàro Operator Acting on
Authors: Bao Guanlong , Wulan Hasi , Ye Fangqin
Published: December 2019

In 1993, N. Danikas and A. G. Siskakis showed that the Cesàro operator ${\mathcal{C}}$ is not bounded on $H^{\infty }$; that is, ${\mathcal{C}}(H^{\infty })\nsubseteq H^{\infty }$, but ${\mathcal{C}}(H^{\infty })$ is a subset of $BMOA$. In 1997, M. Essén and J. Xiao gave that ${\mathcal{C}}(H^{\infty })\subsetneq {\mathcal{Q}}_{p}$ for every $0<p<1$. In this paper, we characterize positive Borel measures $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ such that ${\mathcal{C}}(H^{\infty })\subseteq M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}})$ and show that ${\mathcal{C}}(H^{\infty })\subsetneq M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{0}})\subsetneq \bigcap _{0<p<\infty }{\mathcal{Q}}_{p}$ by constructing some measures $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{0}$. Here, $M({\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}})$ denotes the Möbius invariant function space generated by ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$, where ${\mathcal{D}}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}}$ is a Dirichlet space with superharmonic weight induced by a positive Borel measure $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ on the open unit disk. Our conclusions improve results mentioned above.
Migration and the Emerging Security Challenges in West Africa: Case of Fulani Herders/Sedentary Farmers Conflicts in Nigeria
Authors: Idehen Roosevelt Osazenaye , Ikuru Ubelejit Renner
Published: December 2019

Recent history of Fulani migrants in Nigeria is inundated with pastoral nomadic violence exacerbated by the increase in the influx of migrating herders within the context of ecological history and Geopolitics. Drawing extensively from the ECOWAS protocol on free movement within the sub region, the Fulani pastoralist have unrestrained access to the nook and crannies of the Nigeria state with attendance violence in contest for scarce resources between local farmers and herders. This is occasioned by deepening environmental dynamics, climate change and climate induced constrictions, altering the age long concentric pattern of coexistence and cooperation to competition and conflict. This work seeks to interrogate this violent trend while trailing the pattern with the view to unraveling the cause of the conflict. The work takes a critical look at the subsisting ECOWAS protocol on free movement within the sub region of West Africa, and it consequences for sub-regional security amongst member states. Anchored on the political ecology perspective, the paper posits, the conflicts have been informed by the desperate struggle for competitive survival and subsistence in an environment characterized by ecological scarcity and livelihood insecurity and the unchallenged culture of arms bearing by the Fulani herders over the years. The work concludes that an urgent constitutional provision is necessary that will provide for private Ranching as a panacea to the perennial conflict between herders and local farmers in Nigeria.Key Words: Fulani Herders, Conflict, Migration, Local Farmers, Ecological Scarcity
Transnational Advertising of Coca Cola and the Adoption of Pop Culture among Youths in South-South Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ochonogor C.I. , Nwachukwu F.G.
Published: December 2019

Advancement in technology, economies of scale and the law of comparative advantage have combined to make goods and services available in countries other than their countries of origin due to increased production. Advertising has helped to create awareness and persuasion that nudged consumers to patronise products manufactured outside their shores. Multinational advertisements carry some vestige of foreign cultures into local environments, thus altering the cultural milieu. This study examines coca cola advertisements in relation to the infusion of the pop culture among youths of South-South Nigeria. The investigation was anchored on individual difference theories and used the survey research design to study 384 respondents drawn from the six states that make up the South-South Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria, with a population of 26, 237, 239 Using a set of Questionnaire The study adopted qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. The analysis among others revealed that Coca Cola advertisements have significantly altered the lifestyle of the youths of South-South Nigeria in terms of their music preferences, dancing, dressing and the acceptance of values alien to the local cultures. The study recommended among others, that the standardised transnational advertisements of products and services for local markets should be adapted for the local markets and produced with nationally recognised local talents to minimise the alteration of the indigenous cultures. Key Words: Audience, Foreign culture, local markets, Perception, Pop Culture, & Multinational Advertising
Literary Language: A Unique Experimentation
Authors: Awa Jacinta Onyekachi
Published: December 2019

Literary language is a style or form of language used in literary writing. The intent of this investigation is to disclose how and why literary writers foreground their texts and what meanings and effects are associated with foregrounding, deviation, creativity, Style and aesthetics on literature. This paper therefore appraised the characteristics of the language of literature, with a view to revealing the potency of creativity, style and aesthetics in some African and non-African poems and novels, which in turn portrays the skilfulness and dexterity of literary writers. Specifically, it examined the foregrounded parts of selected literary works; and to achieve this purpose, linguistic benchmarks were applied to these literary works. The descriptive system of data analysis, primary and secondary data collection methods and the foregrounding/deviation theory were employed. This survey therefore revealed that the literary genius contravenes the linguistic norms deliberately because he or she believes that the most proficient means of achieving distinction in writing is the use of distorted and strange forms. Thus, style heightens the language of literature to create a special effect and special meaning to the audience in order to arousing the interest and consciousness of the reader and society at large.Key Words: Deviation, Foregrounding, Literary Artist, Literature and Stylistics.
The Environment, Peace and Conflict in Nigeria: A Theoretical Foundation of Linkage Analysis, 1956-2000
Authors: Amiara Solomon Amiara , Omeje Paul Uroko
Published: December 2019

Environment, peace and conflict are inseparable phenomena in Nigeria’s historical development. Over the years, environmental problems have taken centre stage in Nigerian history. Sometimes, it leads to peace while at other times contributes to conflict outbreak in Nigeria. However, scholars and practitioners of environmental studies have always studied environment and conflict in isolation of peace thereby neglecting how environmental factors contribute to peace building. To this extent, this paper interrogates the link between environment, peace, and conflict in Nigeria. The argument of the paper is that most conflicts that have occurred in Nigeria occurred as a result of environmental negligence. This paper adopted linkage theory as a theoretical framework of analysis. The paper concluded that environmental negligence contributes to conflict outbreak and retards peaceful coexistence.Key Words: Environment, Peace, Conflict, Nigeria, Linkage
Determining the effects of black cumin seed oil on performance and meat fatty acid profile of broiler chickens
Authors: Demirci M. , Karslı M.A. , Aluç Y.
Published: December 2019

This study was designed to investigate the effects of adding black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed (BCS) oil to diets for broiler chickens on their performance and the meat fatty acid profile of the meat. Broiler chicks were assigned to three groups. The unsupplemented control did not receive BCS oil. The two treated groups received 0.5% and 1% BCS oil. The live weight and live weight gain of the experimental groups were generally greater for the treated groups than for the control group. Feed consumption did not differ among groups, and thus the group that was fed the diet supplemented with 1% BCS oil was most efficient. Total saturated fatty acids were lower, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were greater in the treated groups, but monounsaturated fatty acids were greater in meat from the control group. As a result, it can be concluded that the addition of 0.5–1% BCS oil into the diets of broiler may improve the performance of chicks and enrich the meat quality by creating meaningful changes in meat fatty acid profiles, especially in terms of total polyunsaturated fatty acids.Keywords: Ross broiler, fatty acids, nigella sativa, nutrition, yield
Substitution of Leucaena hay for oil seed cake meal in total mixed rations for goats
Authors: Leketa K. , Hassen A. , Donkin E.F. , Akanmu A.M.
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the effects of incorporating different protein sources (oil seed cakes versus Leucaena leucocephala hay) in a total mixed ration (TMR) on intake, digestibility, growth and carcass meat quality of Saanen goats. Sixteen Saanen male goats were allocated to TMR diets formulated with or without L. leucocephala hay at 25% of total dry matter (DM). The TMRs were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous, isocaloric and iso-neutral detergent fibre using two sources of crude protein from Leucaena hay or oilseed cake meal (OSCM), which is a blend of soybean, sunflower and cottonseed cake meal. Data were collected on nutrient digestibility and carcass quality parameters. The goats fed TMR with Leucaena had greater (P <0.05) dry matter intake compared with those fed the control diet. In contrast, the digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and feed conversion ratio did not differ (P >0.05) between the two dietary treatments. Between treatments, no differences were detected for slaughter bodyweight, empty bodyweight carcass weight, and dressing percentage. Nor were differences detected (P >0.05) for cooking loss percentage, back fat cover, and area of eye muscle (longissimus dorsi) and WarnerBratzler shear force between goats fed the two TMR diets. Replacing a portion of oilseed cake meal at 15% DM with Leucaena hay at 25% DM in TMR for Saanen goats would help rural farmers to reduce the cost of feeding.Keywords: body composition, digestibility, feed intake, growth, meat quality
Alchemilla vulgaris effects on egg production and quality expressed by heatstressed quail during the late laying period
Authors: Akdemir F. , Köseman A. , Şeker I.
Published: December 2019

Potential for mitigating effects of heat stress through dietary Alchemilla vulgaris (AV) supplementation during the late laying period of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were investigated. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of environmental temperature (ET) regimes and levels of dietary supplementation with AV (0%, 1%, and 3%) was used in a 75-day experiment. Twenty-five quail were randomly assigned to each treatment with five replicate cages of five birds. The birds were housed in temperature-controlled rooms at 22 ± 2 °C for 24 h/day (TN) or 34 ± 2 °C between 09h00 and 17h00 followed by 22 ± 2 °C for 16 h/day (HS). The interaction of ET and supplement regimes was rarely significant. In HS quail supplemented with 1% AV, egg production was reduced and FCR was increased compared with the other treatments. Dietary AV was found to reduce egg production in TN conditions, but 3% AV supplementation in the HS group prevented decreased egg production and improved FCR. Various indicators of egg quality were significantly affected by supplementation with AV at certain times during the experiment. Most effects of HS on egg quality were manifest in the first 15 days of ET regimes. Although HS significantly decreased eggshell weight until 31–45 days, AV supplementation improved it on the 45th day and then maintained it through the end of the experiment. Thus, AV may mitigate some effects of HS by partially preventing decreased egg production and increased FCR during the late laying period of Japanese quail.Keywords: Coturnix coturnix japonica, flavonoids, supplement
Presenting the Research Track Abstracts From the 2019 AOTA Annual Conference & Expo
Authors: Harvison Neil
Published: December 2019

Each year, the American Occupational Therapy Association publishes an online supplement to the American Journal of Occupational Therapy consisting of the peer-reviewed “research track” abstracts of presentations at the AOTA Annual Conference & Expo. The abstracts are in five categories: (1) assessment and measurement, (2) basic research, (3) health services research and education, (4) prevention and intervention, and (5) translational research. The current supplement consists of the abstracts presented April 4 to April 7, 2019, in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Identifying the Characteristics of an Effective Agricultural Education Teacher: A National Study
Authors: Eck Christopher J. , Robinson J. Shane , Ramsey Jon W. , Cole Ki Lynn
Published: December 2019

The educational landscape in America is changing every day. The need for effective teachers, especially those in agricultural education, remains a high priority. This national study sought to identify the human capital (i.e., education, training, skills, and experiences) necessary for effective school-based agricultural education teachers. The modified Delphi approach consisting of award- winning agricultural education teachers, state staff, and National FFA Board of Directors in the 2017 calendar year was used to collect data. Three rounds of data collection resulted in 58 characteristics, across eight different categories, reaching consensus of agreement. Panelists agreed unanimously on 28 items. The top-rated item was, “understands student needs.” The eight categories emerging from the data included: Instruction, FFA, SAE, Program Planning, Balance, Diversity and Inclusion, Professionalism, and Personal Dispositions. Personal Dispositions (n = 14) and Instruction (n = 14) were the two themes generating the greatest numbers of items. SAE (n = 1) was the category with the least amount of items generated. The results of this study serve as a call to action for a balanced program and personal life, refrain from working extra hours, and limiting one’s involvement in the community as a leader.
Wild Leaves on Narrow STEMs: Exploring Formal and Non-Formal Education Tensions Through Garden-Based Learning
Authors: Cramer Sarah E. , Ball Anna L.
Published: December 2019

School gardens and garden-based learning, though not new in the landscape of United States public education, have gained great popularity in recent years. Scholars from myriad disciplines have examined school garden programs’ impact on outcomes ranging from standardized test scores to childhood obesity. As school gardens become commonplace across the country, scholars and practitioners must ask critical questions about program efficacy, sustainability, educational philosophy, and teaching methods. The public school garden site is a unique environment in which constructivist, non-formal educational philosophies are entangled in the structure of standardized, formal education. To examine these tensions and consider opportunities for student learning and the ongoing evolution of public education, we conducted a qualitative case study of a school garden program transitioning from non-profit to public school district control. We conceptualize the non-profit era of the Midwest Garden Education Project as an example of a non-formal education paradigm, and the school district-funded era as its formal education counterpart. Using the findings that emerged from this research, we argue for public education to embrace non-formal learning in the school garden, and put forth a call for broader legitimation of garden-based learning in curriculum.
Do They Believe They Can Communicate? Assessing College Students' Perceived Ability to Communicate About Agricultural Sciences
Authors: Norris Shannon L. , Murphrey Theresa Pesl , Leggette Holli R.
Published: December 2019

Meeting the demands of a proficient scientific workforce depends on students’ communication skill preparation. To describe students’ self-perceptions of their communication skills, we surveyed 315 students in Texas A&M University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Participants noted they were most proficient in their ability to listen effectively and least proficient in asking effective questions. Each communication skill characteristic showed a statistically significant difference before and after college engagement, but we found no statistically significant difference in the overall communication scores of students. Therefore, we recommend: 1) interviewing employers to understand their perceptions of entry-level employees; 2) investigating when students transition from false sense of confidence to actual confidence; 3) conducting a longitudinal study to investigate students’ perceptions of communication skills throughout their college experience; 4) evaluating faculty’s communication teaching methods across disciplines; and 5) investigating the influence of self-reflection on students’ attained communication skills. Conducting such studies could lead to stronger connections between the academy and the industry, especially as faculty strive to align their teaching with needs of the industry.
A Social-Ecological Resilience Perspective for the Social Sciences of Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources
Authors: Pauley Catlin M. , McKim Aaron J. , Hodbod Jennifer
Published: December 2019

Scholarship within the social sciences of agriculture, food, and natural resources (AFNR) exists, in part, to inform solutions to complex problems. Increasingly, complex problems are found at the nexus of social and ecological systems; therefore, scholarship within the social sciences of AFNR must mirror this social-ecological characteristic. Existing AFNR social science literature on resilience lacks the required social-ecological perspective, conceptualizing resilience as an individual characteristic. The absence of a social-ecological perspective of resilience fails to holistically address the complexity of AFNR systems and the challenge therein. Therefore, the current manuscript seeks to inform social science scholarship within AFNR by foregrounding social-ecological resilience as a necessary approach to addressing the complexity of challenges found throughout AFNR systems. Included in the discussion is a critical review of individual resilience, an introduction to adaptation and transformation, an outline of social-ecological resilience, an in-depth analysis of the seven principles of social-ecological resilience, and a discussion of social-ecological resilience thinking applied to the seven research priority areas described by the American Association for Agricultural Education. In total, the current manuscript paves the way for additional systems-based research in the AFNR social sciences by introducing critical concepts and approaches related to social-ecological resilience.
An Examination of Changes in Student Course Evaluations of CALS Faculty after Participating in a Faculty Development Program
Authors: Roberts T. Grady , Colclasure Blake C. , LaRose Sarah E. , Turner R. Elaine , Wysocki Alan F.
Published: December 2019

Faculty development programs in agricultural colleges have aimed to improve teaching and learning in undergraduate and graduate courses. The purpose of this study was to examine how students perceived instructor teaching behaviors after instructors participated in the Teacher’s College program at the University of Florida. Student course evaluation scores were used as an indicator of instructor behaviors. A paired samples t-test was used to compare participant’s student evaluation scores before with their student evaluation scores after the program. Results indicated a statistically significant difference between scores, demonstrating slightly higher student evaluation scores after completion. It was also found faculty had higher student evaluation scores for classes they taught during the semester of participation. Lastly, this study compared student evaluation scores for courses before, during, and after faculty members’ completion of the program with their department student evaluation averages. Results indicated before Teacher’s College, faculty members had slightly lower student evaluation averages compared to department averages. Student evaluation averages were found to be slightly higher than department averages during and after Teacher’s College. Although variations were found between graduate and undergraduate-level courses, this study supports the use of faculty development programs as a strategy to improve teaching behaviors of faculty.
Teacher Shortage in School-Based, Agricultural Education (SBAE): A Historical Review
Authors: Eck Christopher J. , Edwards M. Craig
Published: December 2019

Ongoing teacher shortages in SBAE have been a concern dating back to the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 (Hillison, 1987). This historical inquiry identified the longitudinal trends revealed by data derived from the supply and demand studies of SBAE teachers over a 51-year period, and how the studies and their reporting procedures evolved. On average, between 50% and 60% of graduates prepared to teach SBAE nationwide did so during their first year after graduation. The studies’ research teams changed eight times, including 12 lead investigators from eight institutions and, in the case of two reports, the National FFA Organization assisted. Reporting cycles also changed over time. Perhaps the long-term graduates-to-entrants trend should be accepted as canon and stakeholders redouble efforts to recruit a larger pool of future teachers and improve the likelihood of graduates who enter the profession also choosing to remain.
Success, Balance, but Never Both: Exploring Reified Forms of Success in School-Based Agricultural Education
Authors: Traini Haley Q. , Claflin Kellie , Stewart Josh , Velez Jonathan J.
Published: December 2019

This study utilized a case study design to explore how early career agriculture teachers in Oregon conceptualize success and work-life balance in school-based agricultural education. Wenger's (1998) theory of Communities of Practice, precisely the concept of reification, served as the framework for our study. Our population included 52 agriculture teachers who attended an early career teacher workshop and participated in a seminar on work-life balance. Overall, participants grappled with several tensions regarding notions of success, work-life balance, and the interactions between the two. Findings concluded "success" has been reified to equate the number of awards won, active FFA members, or money earned and, one can be a successful agriculture teacher, a balanced agriculture teacher, but never both. As agriculture teachers strive for success and balance, they encounter emotions of guilt, judgment, fear, and pressure. While participants acknowledged the tensions that exist between notions of success and notions of balance, any progress on achieving such balance is done in vain as no examples of balanced agriculture teachers exist, and messages about success and work-life balance are paradoxical and unsubstantiated. While this study focused on one state, it provides valuable insight into how agriculture teachers are defining and thinking about success.
Artificiële intelligentie en normatieve ethiek
Authors: Lauwaert Lode
Published: December 2019

Artificial intelligence and normative ethics: Who is responsible for the crime of LAWS?

In his text “Killer Robots”, Robert Sparrow holds that killer robots should be forbidden. This conclusion is based on two premises. The first is that attributive responsibility is a necessary condition for admitting an action; the second premise is that the use of killer robots is accompanied by a responsibility gap. Although there are good reasons to conclude that killer robots should be banned, the article shows that Sparrow's argument for the ban is not correct.
Nietzsches Einverleibung als leertheorie
Authors: Gellens Sven
Published: December 2019

Nietzsche’sEinverleibungas learning theory: Towards an integrated corporality in pedagogy and philosophy education

The traditional distinction of Western philosophy between body and mind still permeates many contemporary pedagogical frameworks. In this article, I will reconstruct in Nietzsche’s philosophy the basis for a constructive pedagogical model that understands learners in an integrated way. The first part of this article will argue that this model ofembodiment(‘Einverleibung’) forms a learning theoretical foundation. In the second part, I will build on this Nietzschean learning theory in order to re-evaluate specific contemporary pedagogical trends, a.o. Bloom’s taxonomy and competency-based education within the context of expertise development. Finally, I elaborate on the meaning of Nietzsche’s model of Einverleibung for a 21st century philosophy education thatembodiesan emancipatory and inclusive didactic.
Assimilating monthly precipitation data in a paleoclimate data assimilation framework
Authors: Valler Veronika , Brugnara Yuri , Franke Jörg , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Data assimilation approaches such as the ensemble Kalman filter method have become an important technique for paleoclimatological reconstructions and reanalysis. Different sources of information from proxy records and documentary data to instrumental measurements were assimilated in previous studies to reconstruct past climate fields. However, precipitation reconstructions are often based on indirect sources (e.g., proxy records). Assimilating precipitation measurements is a challenging task because they have high uncertainties, often represent only a small region and generally do not follow Gaussian distribution. In this paper, a set of experiments are conducted to test the possibility of using information about precipitation in climate reconstruction with monthly resolution by assimilating monthly instrumental precipitation amounts or the number of wet days per month, solely or in addition to other climate variables such as temperature and sea level pressure, into an ensemble of climate model simulations. The skill of all variables (temperature, precipitation, sea-level pressure) improved over the pure model simulations when only monthly precipitation amounts were assimilated. Assimilating the number of wet days resulted in similar or better skill compared to assimilating precipitation amount. The experiments with different types of instrumental observations being assimilated indicate that precipitation data can be useful, particularly if no other variable is available from a given region. Overall the experiments show promising results because with the assimilation of precipitation information a new data source can be exploited for climate reconstructions. Especially the wet day records can become an important data source in future climate reconstructions because many existing records date several centuries back in time and are not limited by the availability of meteorological instruments.