bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milky Way Thin and Thick Disk Kinematics with Gaia EDR3 and RAVE DR5
Authors: Vieira Katherine , Carraro Giovanni , Korchagin Vladimir , Lutsenko Artem , Girard Terrence M. , van Altena William
Published: June 2022

We present a detailed analysis of kinematics of the Milky Way disk in the solar neighborhood using the Gaia DR3 catalog. To determine the local kinematics of the stellar disks of the Milky Way we use a complete sample of 278,228 red giant branch (RGB) stars distributed in a cylinder, centered at the Sun with a 1 kpc radius and half-height of 0.5 kpc. We determine separately the kinematical properties of RGB stars for each Galactic hemisphere in search of possible asymmetries. The kinematical properties of the RGB stars reveal the existence of two kinematically distinct components: the thin disk with mean velocities V

R
, V

ϕ
, V

Z
of about −1, −239, 0 km s−1, correspondingly, and velocity dispersions σ

R
, σ

ϕ
, σ

Z
of 31, 20, and 11 km s−1, and the Thick disk with mean velocity components of about +1, −225, 0 km s−1, and velocity dispersions of 49, 35, and 22 km s−1. We find that up to 500 pc in height above/below the Galactic plane, Thick disk stars comprise about half the stars of the disk. Such a high amount of RGB stars with Thick disk kinematics points at the secular evolution scenario origin for the Thick disk of the Milky Way.
The Twisted Magnetic Field of the Protobinary L483
Authors: Cox Erin G. , Novak Giles , Sadavoy Sarah I. , Looney Leslie W. , Lee Dennis , Berthoud Marc , Bourke Tyler L. , Coudé Simon , Encalada Frankie , Fissel Laura M. , Harrison Rachel , Houde Martin , Li Zhi-Yun , Myers Philip C. , Pattle Kate , Santos Fabio P. , Stephens Ian W. , Wang Hailin , Wolf Sebastian
Published: June 2022

We present H-band (1.65 μm) and SOFIA HAWC+ 154 μm polarization observations of the low-mass core L483. Our H-band observations reveal a magnetic field that is overwhelmingly in the E–W direction, which is approximately parallel to the bipolar outflow that is observed in scattered IR light and in single-dish 12CO observations. From our 154 μm data, we infer a ∼45° twist in the magnetic field within the inner 5″ (1000 au) of L483. We compare these new observations with published single-dish 350 μm polarimetry and find that the 10,000 au scale H-band data match the smaller-scale 350 μm data, indicating that the collapse of L483 is magnetically regulated on these larger scales. We also present high-resolution 1.3 mm Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of L483 that reveals it is a close binary star with a separation of 34 au. The plane of the binary of L483 is observed to be approximately parallel to the twisted field in the inner 1000 au. Comparing this result to the ∼1000 au protostellar envelope, we find that the envelope is roughly perpendicular to the 1000 au HAWC+ field. Using the data presented, we speculate that L483 initially formed as a wide binary and the companion star migrated to its current position, causing an extreme shift in angular momentum thereby producing the twisted magnetic field morphology observed. More observations are needed to further test this scenario.
Prague: Belonging in the Modern City by Chad Carl Bryant
Authors: Pickles John
Published: June 2022

Book reviewed
A description of veterinary eliminations within British National Endurance rides in the competitive season of 2019
Authors: Bloom F. , Draper S. , Bennet E. , Marlin D. , Williams J.
Published: June 2022

Veterinary eliminations within the equestrian sport of endurance have predominantly been evaluated based on data from international competitions. However, in order to take part in international competition, each horse and rider must qualify by completing rides under their national federation. The aim of this study was to analyse the competitive data and veterinary eliminations, specifically lameness, from competitions run by the British governing body of endurance: Endurance GB, during the 2019 competitive season. Competitive results for 765 ride starts from seven different ride venues were evaluated; 81.6% (n=624) horses successfully completed the rides, with the remaining 18.4% (n=141) failing to complete the ride. The majority of horses that were unsuccessful were eliminated for lameness at veterinary inspections (n=83; 58.9%). Horses competing in single loop rides (up to 55 km rides) had a success rate of 88.6% (n=624), in contrast, horses competing in rides of three loops or more (>80 km rides) reported a decreased success rate of 61.8% (n=81). Hindlimb lameness was identified more frequently (n=50; 60.2%) compared with forelimb lameness (n=33; 39.8%). Further consideration should be given to the differences between single loop rides, where a higher percentage are presented to the veterinary panel as lame prior to the start, and multi loop rides, where a higher percentage of horses are eliminated lame during the ride and potential risk factors for the increased prevalence of hindlimb lameness observed.
A novel formulation of the fuzzy hybrid transform for dealing nonlinear partial differential equations via fuzzy fractional derivative involving general order
Authors: Alqurashi M. S. , Rashid Saima , Kanwal Bushra , Jarad Fahd , Elagan S. K.
Published: June 2022

The main objective of the investigation is to broaden the description of Caputo fractional derivatives (in short, CFDs) (of order $ 0 < \alpha < r $) considering all relevant permutations of entities involving $ t_{1} $ equal to $ 1 $ and $ t_{2} $ (the others) equal to $ 2 $ via fuzzifications. Under $ {g\mathcal{H}} $-differentiability, we also construct fuzzy Elzaki transforms for CFDs for the generic fractional order $ \alpha\in(r-1, r) $. Furthermore, a novel decomposition method for obtaining the solutions to nonlinear fuzzy fractional partial differential equations (PDEs) via the fuzzy Elzaki transform is constructed. The aforesaid scheme is a novel correlation of the fuzzy Elzaki transform and the Adomian decomposition method. In terms of CFD, several new results for the general fractional order are obtained via $ g\mathcal{H} $-differentiability. By considering the triangular fuzzy numbers of a nonlinear fuzzy fractional PDE, the correctness and capabilities of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated. In the domain of fractional sense, the schematic representation and tabulated outcomes indicate that the algorithm technique is precise and straightforward. Subsequently, future directions and concluding remarks are acted upon with the most focused use of references.
Global existence and blow up of solutions for a class of coupled parabolic systems with logarithmic nonlinearity
Authors: Deng Qigang , Zeng Fugeng , Wang Dongxiu
Published: June 2022

According to the difference of the initial energy, we consider three cases about the global existence and blow-up of the solutions for a class of coupled parabolic systems with logarithmic nonlinearity. The three cases are the low initial energy, critical initial energy and high initial energy, respectively. For the low initial energy and critical initial energy $ J(u_0, v_0)\leq d $, we prove the existence of global solutions with $ I(u_0, v_0)\geq 0 $ and blow up of solutions at finite time $ T < +\infty $ with $ I(u_0, v_0) < 0 $, where $ I $ is Nehari functional. On the other hand, we give sufficient conditions for global existence and blow up of solutions in the case of high initial energy $ J(u_0, v_0) > d $.
Finding Wellness in Faraway Places
Authors: Collins Paul
Published: June 2022

This chapter is designed to speak to those educators in the field who can relate to functioning on a mental, emotional, and physical low frequency based on the challenges of the workplace. The author unravels how he, as an educator, struggled to find balance in his own self-care practices while simultaneously devoting himself to helping students, and a school community, flourish. The requirements of becoming better as teachers and school leaders, supporting students and their families, and being agile in maneuvering organizational change can prove to be daunting at best. These are some of the challenges that are outlined. Nevertheless, this work will unpack some actionable strategies that have been helpful by being proactive, rather than reactive, in coping with the challenges that educators face.
A Critical Conversation About Mindfulness for School Leadership
Authors: Wilson Adrianne
Published: June 2022

The global COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the scope of teaching and leading and has had negative effects on the academic outcomes for students. As a result of stress-induced demands provoked by this pandemic, school leaders are at an increased risk for physical, emotional, and mental health challenges. Recent studies about the pandemic's psychological impact on the general population reveal increased depression and stress levels. This chapter discusses ways university educational leadership programs can integrate self-care using mindfulness practice to effectively prepare aspiring school leaders. Practical approaches and resources for university programs are provided. In addition to suggestions for practical application, this chapter also discusses recommendations for universities and school districts regarding self-care for school leaders.
Spiritual Self-Care for Academic Excellence
Authors: Singh Sonika , Singh Gagan
Published: June 2022

Our thoughts decide our personality. Our idea of life arrays the complete quality our life. The off-base idea of life is the root of conflict within the life, wherein the cost of inattention is devastating. All our worries are due to spiritual unawareness which needs to be taken care of for excelling in a field. One can have success, but solace and satisfaction would only come if that success is attained through hard work by a pure mind. Science teaches us physical laws that govern the material world but knowledge of absolute or true understanding comes through discrimination which is a byproduct of leading a spiritual life. Yoga of synthesis in our thoughts, beliefs, and action is the only key for any student to practice upon to bear maximum fruits of his efforts and enjoy a holistic development for his bright career and a peaceful life.
Rainbow Families Need More Sun
Authors: Saqib Abrar , Majumdar Anindita
Published: June 2022

This chapter dispenses findings and results from different literature reviews done in the area of LGBTQ adoption rights. The topic has been explored through a multilateral approach. Literature reviews of various disciplines like human rights, psychology, sociology, law, and politics have been incorporated to provide a comprehensive picture to the readers. A notable fact is that sexual minority people are capable of adoption and having families. Adoption by LGBTQ community is legal in countries like Canada, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. But genuine effort is needed to legalise adoptions among LGBTQ populations in more nations. Many countries previously open to international adoptions are now raising barriers for interested adoptive parents from other countries. Further focus is given to the future challenges in legalizing LGBTQ peoples' adoption rights, which includes stressors for LGBTQ parents, such as misconceptions about gender and sexual minorities, opposition of strong religious views and laws, and poor economic and education systems of a country.
Innovative Management Strategy of Wine Tourism in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Yu Poshan , Wang YuHan , Hanes Emanuela
Published: June 2022

This chapter aims to study operation mode of wine tourism and coping strategies of major wine producing regions in the context of COVID-19. This study uses Citespace to analyze the changes of research hotspots in wine tourism industry before and after COVID-19. Through the comparison between the global wine industry management strategy and the Chinese wine industry management strategy, the similarities and differences between the two are analyzed through specific cases. This chapter investigates the driving force and factors of sustainable development of tourism economy with wine tourism as the core sector. It also studies innovative strategies such as the promotional effects of digital tourism in response to COVID-19 on wine tourism, thereby extending the protection and utilization of intellectual property rights of each wine producer. Case studies of China will be used for discussion. Finally, this chapter provides suggestions for policymakers to build a sustainable wine tourism for enterprises.
If Winter Comes, Can Spring Be Far Behind?
Authors: Zhang Cheryl Qianru , Wang Amy Yamei , Liao Eko Yi
Published: June 2022

This chapter discusses the impact of COVID-19 on the Chinese aviation industry. Specifically, China Southern Airlines (CSAIR) was chosen as a focal airline company, from which its approach and strategies in dealing with various challenges and difficulties brought by COVID-19 was investigated and analyzed. Challenges that airline companies faced during pandemic include a decline in traffic volume, operation funds shortage, and uncertain situations and difficulties in making predictions. The case starts with introducing general impact of COVID-19 on airline industry, followed by delineating regulations from the industry as prevention and control of the pandemic situation. It identifies several pathways to civil aviation industry recovery, namely group standard measures, fleet storage, domestic passengers flight operation, and transition to cargo flight.
Adaptive Resilience of a Social Enterprise During Adversity
Authors: Mishra Oly
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic presented a challenging situation to the business organizations all over the world. This challenge was even more tough for the social enterprises as they function in resource constraints which increased due to the restrictions on physical movement. The case study discusses how a social entrepreneur repurposed her operations through adaptive resilience. The framework of adaptive resilience has been studied in the context of the social enterprise, Vyomini, a rural women entrepreneurs' network that used to manufacture sanitary napkins at affordable rates before the pandemic. During the pandemic, Vyomini showcased their adaptive resilience and started manufacturing essential items like masks, sanitizers, etc. The case study explores the various components of adaptive resilience with the various stages of adversity (i.e., immediate response, recovery, and renewal). It shows that the components of adaptive resilience (i.e., communication, collaboration, leadership, and learning) are necessary for creating as well as sustaining adaptive resilience.
Surviving Amid Crisis Episodes
Authors: Dhar Saptarshi , Farzana Tahira , Abedin Sabiha Saju Ibne
Published: June 2022

The chapter examines how women-owned small businesses in Bangladesh responded to crisis episodes such as COVID-19 and discusses their resilience to shocking events. The study involved a qualitative exploration of three women-owned online small businesses conducted using the case study method. The cases included businesses that sold jewelry and fashion accessories, both imported and locally procured, and exclusively operated on social media platforms, including Facebook and Instagram. The findings suggest that the businesses adopted innovative social media strategies to survive the crisis episode, including page boosting and paid promotions, Facebook and Instagram Live coupled with sales and discount promotions, temporary closure, vendor switching, and product basket modification. The enterprises showed an overall moderate level of resilience, with a moderate level of adaptability, agility, and low flexibility with a high vulnerability to crisis events. Recommendations for policymakers and credit institutions are also discussed.
Revisiting Employee Engagement in the New Normal
Authors: Saxena Parul , Kovid Reena , Nasreen Asiya
Published: June 2022

The chapter provides for developing an understanding of the various aspects of employee engagement, namely the concept, levels, and techniques for measuring employee engagement during and after COVID-19. It explores employee engagement practices and its implications in some selected organizations during and after the pandemic. It highlights the most affected dimensions of employee engagement. Additionally, this chapter maps the practices followed by various industry organizations and presents these practices as a way forward to overcome the hurdle of keeping employees engaged in the new normal. The findings indicate that the organisations appeared to have made considerable changes in their employee engagement strategies and have integrated technology at a large scale to suit the remote work environment and emotional well-being as well.
Role of Meteorological Satellites and Radar in Weather Forecasting
Authors: Dave Divyang , Gupta Rajeev Kumar , Bharti Santosh Kumar , Singh Ved Prakash
Published: June 2022

Because of global warming, pollution, and many other factors, the environment is changing at an alarming rate. Accurate forecasting can assist people in making appropriate plans for activities such as harvesting, traveling, aviation, etc. Satellites and radar have been increasingly popular in weather forecasting over the previous few decades. The information collected by the satellite and radar can be used to monitor climate movement, track hurricanes, and give barometrical estimations that can be turned into mathematical climate expectation (NWP) models for exact forecasting. Currently, more than 160 meteorological satellites are located in orbit, which generates approximately 80 million observations every day. This chapter discusses several meteorological satellites which are used to extract weather pattern. For the time being, the results of Observation System Simulation Studies (OSSE) utilising satellite information are presented in order to demonstrate the relationship between perceptions from satellite sensors and ground-based sensors.
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting of Rainfall Using Machine Learning
Authors: Hudnurkar Shilpa , Sood Vidur , Mishra Vedansh , Mehta Manobhav , Upadhyay Akash , Gite Shilpa , Rayavarapu Neela
Published: June 2022

Predicting rainfall is essential for assessing the impact of climatic and hydrological changes over a specific region, predicting natural disasters or day-to-day life. It is one of the most prominent, complex, and essential weather forecasting and meteorology tasks. In this chapter, long short-term memory network (LSTM), artificial neural network (ANN), and 1-dimensional convolutional neural network LSTM (1D CNN-LSTM) models are explored for predicting rainfall at multiple lead times. The daily weather parameter data of over 15 years is collected for a station in Maharashtra. Rainfall data is classified into three classes: no-rain, light rain, and moderate-to-heavy rain. The principal component analysis (PCA) helped to reduce the input feature dimension. The performance of all the networks are compared in terms of accuracy and F1 score. It is observed that LSTM predicts rainfall with consistent accuracy of 82% for 1 to 6 days lead time while the performance of 1D CNN-LSTM and ANN are comparable to LSTM.
Review of Weather-Affected Urban Air Pollution Forecast Models
Authors: Didwania Ankit , Patel Vibha
Published: June 2022

Weather affects air quality globally since different aspects of the weather like humidity, temperature, wind speed, and direction essentially affect the movement, creation, and concentration of various major air pollutants like surface ozone, PM 2.5, methane, carbon dioxide, etc. Air pollution is caused when an excessive amount of harmful substances like gases, particles, etc. are poured into our atmosphere which can severely affect the health of any living organisms. In this chapter, the most relevant weather affected urban air quality prediction papers are studied along with recent IoT systems developed for air pollution, and the authors observed that modern artificial intelligence algorithms are better than traditional statistical models. However, artificial intelligence-based algorithms cannot be directly compared effectively due to the hybrid nature of data sources used. Also, a need is identified to develop a powerful end-to-end model based on artificial intelligence algorithms and IoT systems.
A Theoretical Investigation on Intra-Firm Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Uyan Umut , Şanal Musa , Ibin Adil
Published: June 2022

Considering that knowledge management is a multifaceted process, studies that examine a limited number of factors individually may not explain the process sufficiently. This chapter set out to advance our knowledge on intra-organizational knowledge sharing (KS) by addressing multiple factors (relational, organizational, and socio-cognitive factors) holistically. This would also lead to an explicit discussion of various organizational theories towards intra-firm KS. The study, which is designed as a conceptual one, compiles and synthesizes previous studies. Unlike previous research, the current one is encouraging as it develops a holistic perspective towards intra-organizational KS.
Sentiment Analysis and Review Rating Prediction of the Users of Bangladeshi Shopping Apps
Authors: Hossain Md Shamim , Rahman Mst Farjana
Published: June 2022

The goal of this study is to apply machine learning (ML) approaches to assess user sentiment and predict review ratings for Bangladeshi shopping apps. The data for this study was obtained from the Google Play Store reviews of 15 Bangladeshi shopping apps. The AFINN and VADER sentiment algorithms were used to assess the filtered summary phrases as positive, neutral, or negative sentiments after cleaning. The present study additionally employed five supervised machine learning approaches to divide users' assessments of shopping apps into three sentiment groups. According to the findings of this survey, the majority of ratings for shopping apps were positive. While all five machine learning approaches (SVC, k-neighbors classifier, logistic regression, decision tree classifier, and random forest classifier) can properly categorize review text into sentiment classes, the random forest classifier outperforms in terms of high accuracy. This study adds to the literature on customer sentiment and aids app marketers in understanding how consumers feel about apps.
Demystifying the Role of Neuromarketing in Creating Value for the Marketers
Authors: Sharma Disha , Nama Deepak Kumar
Published: June 2022

Marketing is not merely the advertisement for the consumers; instead, it is a physiological and psychological science that directly deals with the understanding of brain and cognitive decision making. This also raises an important question, How do we make buying decisions? Was that decision made on fact reason, consciousness, or logic? Through the concept of neuromarketing, marketers are able to see that consumers are making decisions unconsciously based on feelings, emotions, and intuitions. In this chapter, the authors intended to study neuromarketing as the science of consumer decisions and to unfold the new marketing markings and new signs of consumer decisions (i.e., to identify the role of emotions and institutions in shaping consumers' buying decisions). The authors would also like to study the gravity of paying attention to consumers' emotions, intuitions, and the unconscious mind. This chapter will add value in decoding the buy button inside the brain and how the future of branding is personal and knowing why you buy.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Kaur Jasneet
Published: June 2022

The entry of new technologies has upgraded the dynamics of various marketing strategies and enables it to tap a wider range of uncovered markets. In the present scenario, technology helps businesses to deeply penetrate the existing market and fetch more precise consumer information. It has much emphasis on increasing service quality, efficient management systems, and customer loyalty. In the 21st century, blockchain technology has the potential to upgrade business models across various industries. In this chapter, much emphasis has been given to how blockchain technology can potentially impact a firm's marketing strategies and present some of the applications of blockchain in the marketing domain. Applications of blockchain in marketing and its comprehensive discourse on integrating the applications of IoT system with this technology have also been covered in this chapter. It can be concluded that blockchain technology has a huge impact on a firm's marketing strategies. It will not only provide the features to consumers but assist many businesses to frame their strategies.
Neuromarketing Approach
Authors: Pranjal Shreyasi , Lakhawat Pradhyuman Singh
Published: June 2022

In the 21st century, marketing research has been oriented towards four components of consumers—physical body, mind, heart, and spirit—which contributes to the birth of new term, neuromarketing. Neuromarketing is an infant field of marketing science. It tends to help in measurement of physiological and neural signals of brain to gain insight into consumer motivations, preferences, and decisions related to market current situations. In simple words, it's the study of consumer responses in response to marketing stimuli. Human feelings, thoughts, actions are the parts of neural activities in the brain. This chapter sheds light on the neuromarketing approach to give an overview of it in respect to the future market. As it can easily reduce the uncertainty, it helps in studying consumer behavior and draws a brain map to predict and manipulate decision making.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hossain Md Shamim , Rahman Mst Farjana
Published: June 2022

The current study looks at how marketing managers utilize machine learning and artificial intelligence to analyze large amounts of client data and develop effective marketing strategies. A qualitative research design was used in this study. With a total sample of 30 respondents, the study used purposive sampling since selecting the exact demographic participating in the study is subjective. The data for the study was gathered through in-depth interviews with the interviewees. The study found that marketing managers use ML and AI to disclose patterns and trends by incorporating them into decision-making algorithms. The findings of the study will be of great benefit to business managers and markers. To the authors' knowledge, prior studies verified how to analyze business data using AL and ML but did not demonstrate how organizations use the AL and ML approaches in practice. As a result, in the current study, they demonstrated how businesses use AL and ML in practice, especially for improving marketing strategies.
Chinese EdTech Economy in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Yu Poshan , Gu Haiyue , Sampat R. Michael , Lin Qiucen , Chen Zuozhang
Published: June 2022

This chapter discusses the Chinese EdTech economy in the COVID-19 era. After studying the characteristics of the Chinese online education market and its market size, this research focuses on the differences in business strategies and market responses among online education applications during the COVID-19 era and the subsequent institutional changes, as well as analyzing the factors that cause such differences. For the analysis, a few cases of successful online education companies in China are selected, and their business models and technology applications are discussed. The authors conclude this chapter by addressing the challenges that China's online education faces and providing corresponding suggestions.
The Challenging Scenario of Brazilian Education in COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Times
Authors: Quadros Paulo da Silva
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how the Brazilian education system has been able to adapt to respond to new teaching demands because of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Brazil had to offer quick responses to the epidemic times, with the restriction of many activities of social contact, to avoid the risks of infection and morbidity. During the global pandemic period, online education brought new meanings to knowledge mediation, as well as ways to provide didactic-pedagogical content, evaluation methods, and ways to encourage permanent learning. The new educational normal has forced Brazilian educational institutions to think of new resilient pedagogical models to preserve health and life. However, the drastic educational solutions showed the levels of socioeconomic inequalities regarding access to quality education. Social disparities in the Brazilian educational field revealed the world of the digitally included and excluded. Thus, some aspects of improvised online educational strategies will be analyzed in terms of pandemic and post-pandemic challenges.
Exploring the Role of Social Media Marketing in the Education Sector
Authors: Raj Lakshmi , M. Mallika Sankar
Published: June 2022

The educational system across the world is undergoing a transition and is affected by numerous factors encompassing technology to psychology. The traditional model of face-to-face teacher-led learning approach has been gradually shifted to student-centric and outcome-based learning. Though the intellect and learning capacities among students differ in many aspects, personalized attention of the teacher to student and practical exposure to subjects are considered as few significant areas of concern in curriculum and pedagogy. The late 2000s witnessed the dawn of many EdTech companies proclaiming personalized attention and experiential learning through online platforms. EdTech companies make fine use of social media marketing and adopt well-thought-out strategies to reach out to the student segment and parents. The prime objective of this chapter is to study the role of social media marketing strategies in capturing student segments and the influence that makes on parents' purchase decisions.
Tax Incentives for Tourism
Authors: Dinis Ana Arromba , Pereira Liliana
Published: June 2022

The current context caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the greatest impact on tourism, showed the countries´ economic dependence on this sector. In fact, tourism is fundamental for the economic development of a country and should be one of the priorities of the public policies of municipalities, as a stakeholder in the development of regions. In this sense, the present research focuses on the study of tax incentives to tourism of regional scope, and on the benefits granted to Portuguese companies with touristic utility statute. The authors conclude that the tax benefits understudy have not been a practice generally adopted by Portuguese companies and concentrated on a small number of municipalities in Portugal.
Novel Heuristic for Intuitionistic Triangular Fuzzy Travelling Salesman Problem
Authors: Dhouib Souhail
Published: June 2022

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a well-known combinatorial problem frequently used in real-world industries to find the minimum cost cycle between all cities. In this paper, the authors consider the distance matrix between all cities in a vagueness environment, where each element in the distance matrix is presented as an intuitionistic triangular fuzzy set. To solve this problem, the novel heuristic Dhouib-Matrix-TSP1 (DM-TSP1) is enhanced with the centroid ranking function for defuzzification and the range statistical metric for cities selection. In fact, this paper presents the first adaptation of DM-TSP1 to solve TSP under intuitionistic environment. DM-TSP1 can easily generate a good initial basic feasible solution just after just n iterations (where n represents the number of cities). The performance of DM-TSP1 is demonstrated by suitable numerical examples.
Monaco Explorations Ocean Decade Project
Authors: Calcagno Robert , Bessero Gilles
Published: June 2022

Abstract Perpetuating the tradition initiated more than 100 years ago by Prince Albert Ist of Monaco to make people love, know, and protect the ocean, his great-great-grandson HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco puts the protection of the planet and particularly the
ocean high on his agenda. Accordingly, he has instigated a flagship project for the Principality—Monaco Explorations—as a platform for his commitment to the knowledge, sustainable management, and protection of the ocean. The project was among the first set of international actions
officially endorsed on World Ocean Day in June 2021 in response to the first call for actions of the UN Ocean Decade.The 10-year project comprises collaborative international expeditions combining scientific research, public outreach, and government cooperation through the transdisciplinary
approach underpinned by sustainability science. It will investigate selected marine areas worldwide, starting with an expedition in the Western Indian Ocean in October and November 2022.
The SEA-UNICORN European COST Action: Advancing Knowledge on Marine Connectivity to Support Transition to a Sustainable Blue Economy
Authors: Darnaude Audrey M. , Seker Yael Teff , Costantini Federica , Tanner Susanne , Sturrock Anna , López-López Lucía , Manuel Hidalgo , Beger Maria , Türkmen Ant , Peck Myron , Volkaert Filip , Hunter Ewan
Published: June 2022

Abstract The European COST Action “Unifying Approaches to Marine Connectivity for improved Resource Management for the Seas” (SEA-UNICORN, 2020‐2025) is an international research coordination initiative that unites an interdisciplinary community of scientists
and policymakers from over 100 organizations across Europe and beyond. It is establishing a globally harmonized framework to deliver actionable, transdisciplinary knowledge of marine functional connectivity, promoting a sustainable blue economy and ocean conservation. Planning sustainable
development in rapidly changing oceans requires a thorough comprehension of marine biodiversity and the processes underpinning the functioning of ecosystems. Connectivity among marine populations and habitats facilitates the persistence and resilience of vulnerable species and ecosystems and
controls the spread of invasive species. Constructing effective networks of restoration or conservation areas and promoting sustainable harvesting requires knowledge of connectivity. SEA-UNICORN advances worldwide collaboration by coordinating the collection, sharing, and application of knowledge
on species, community, and ecosystem connectivity at sea and at the land‐sea interface. It engages scientists from diverse areas and early-career researchers and creates a stronger match between natural and social science and policy needs to better address key environmental issues that
challenge the future of our planet.
Animal-Borne Ocean Sensors: A Decadal Vision Through New Eyes
Authors: McMahon Clive R. , Roquet Fabien
Published: June 2022

Abstract Animal-Borne Ocean Sensors—AniBOS—is an emerging network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). AniBOS makes freely available oceanographic measurements across the hard-to-observe world's polar and tropical oceans from miniaturized sensors attached
to marine animals. These data complement conventional approaches by providing both physical and ecological data in remote ocean regions directly at the scale and resolution at which animals move. AniBOS fills an important observational gap by integrating animal-collected data within the GOOS
to improve our ability to observe and predict global climate processes and animal behavior, both of which are essential components of the Decade of Ocean Science.
Protecting Estuaries of the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) Region
Authors: Lugendo Blandina Robert , Mang'ena Jerry Geofrey
Published: June 2022

Abstract Estuaries are vital habitats that allow life to exist in the oceans. Because of their role as nurseries for various ocean animals, they are sometimes referred to as the "cradle of the sea." They are among the most vulnerable habitats due to their reliance
on salt‐freshwater balance, as any imbalances have a significant impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Climate change, urbanization, and water diversion for various uses result in less optimal freshwater and increased sediments into the estuary and ocean, as well as saltwater
intrusion high up estuaries, all of which have negative consequences for estuary functioning and the ecosystem services they provide to the ocean and humanity as a whole. During the Ocean Decade (2021‐2030), the School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology (SoAF), University
of Dar es Salaam intends to investigate the extent to which the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region's estuaries have been impacted by anthropogenic activities and climate change in order to develop feasible recommendations for their protection. This program is endorsed as Ocean Decade Project
Number 45.
Scientists for Ocean Literacy: An Ocean Decade Project to Empower Scientists as Ocean Champions
Authors: Eparkhina Dina
Published: June 2022

Abstract The Ocean Decade project “Scientists for Ocean Literacy” is helping marine scientists become more actively involved in public engagement. Scientists have the power, knowledge, and passion to explain the importance of the ocean for the planet. But scientists
cannot do this alone. Scientists for Ocean Literacy aims at expanding the horizon of science communication towards a multi-stakeholder dialogue. The project is building on the best practices from the European community of oceanographers and meteorologists, bringing in other science disciplines,
culture, and the arts, and promoting inclusiveness, diversity, and accessibility in the public engagement activities. This article explains the raison d'être for the Scientists for Ocean Literacy project, its objectives and actions, and gives recommendations on how to improve the ocean
literacy offer in the publicly funded oceanographic and meteorological agencies and beyond.
The Sea Change Needed for Gender Equality in Ocean-Going Research
Authors: Johannesen Ellen , Ojwala Renis Auma , Rodriguez Mariamalia Chavez , Neat Francis , Kitada Momoko , Buckingham Susan , Schofield Clive , Long Ronan , Jarnsäter Jill , Sun Zhen
Published: June 2022

AbstractSince the 1950s, there has been an increase of women participating in ocean-going science. However, the number of women scientists in the field remains significantly less than that of men, especially in senior roles. In this commentary, we take a feminist perspective to understand the challenges women face in pursuing a career in ocean-going science. Based on the limited literature and reports of women in ocean-going research, we identified several cultural and structural barriers and constraints faced by women. These fell into four main categories: (1) behavioral/social norms and gender-biased culture in science and at sea; (2) failure to provide for balancing duties of family care with extended periods away from home; (3) gender-insensitive design of ship facilities, operations, and personal protective equipment (PPE); and (4) the need for a safe working environment at sea; i.e., gender-related aspects of health, safety, and personal security at sea. To overcome these barriers, the following interventions are suggested: (1) greater awareness raising and training to shift destructive mindsets as well as affecting behavioral and cultural change; (2) consideration of gender-sensitive design and safe operation of research vessels; and (3) more comprehensive and effective implementation of gender equality policies for research at sea.
Listen to Ocean Voices for an Equitable Ocean Decade
Authors: Harden-Davies Harriet , Ota Yoshitaka , Fardin Frédérique , Schutter Marleen , Singh Gerald , Sey Araba
Published: June 2022

Abstract The Ocean Decade is a critical chance to move toward a sustainable and equitable ocean. Realizing this vision requires that we all recognize inequities, learn from failure, listen to the diverse voices of people who rely on the ocean for their lives and livelihoods,
and value their expertise.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Performance of the Tourism Sector in Sri Lanka: A Balanced Scorecard Approach
Authors: Samarasekara U. , Deshika N. P. T. , Dissanayake D. H. S. W.
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of the tourism sector in Sri Lanka. There is a dearth of studies that have used a Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry. The impact of COVID-19 on the performance is measured by developing a BSC including; financial, customer, learning and growth, and internal business indicators. This study collects primary data using a questionnaire from 110 tourist accommodation providers. Initially, the reliability and validity of the questionnaires are ensured and conducted the descriptive analysis to measure the impact on the performance.  In addition, due to the lack of normality in the data set of this study, the Kruskal Wallis test was performed to analyze the difference in performance between the number of employees, star ratings, and the number of years in existence. The findings revealed that there is a high-level impact on all performance indicators. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 does not change according to the number of employees and the star rating but there is a difference in financial performance with the number of years in existence. The findings of this study create the BSC to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the tourism industry which adds new knowledge to stakeholder theory. The methodology, findings, and recommendations of the study are academically and professionally significant for a variety of hotel sector firms, the tourist board, and policymakers.
Volterra-type operators on the minimal Möbius-invariant space
Authors: Xie Huayou , Liu Junming , Ponnusamy Saminathan
Published: June 2022

In this note, we mainly study operator-theoretic properties on the Besov space
$B_{1}$
on the unit disk. This space is the minimal Möbius-invariant space. First, we consider the boundedness of Volterra-type operators. Second, we prove that Volterra-type operators belong to the Deddens algebra of a composition operator. Third, we obtain estimates for the essential norm of Volterra-type operators. Finally, we give a complete characterization of the spectrum of Volterra-type operators.
Sex Differences in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Outcomes in Mali, West Africa
Authors: Dabitao Djeneba , Somboro Amadou , Sanogo Ibrahim , Diarra Bassirou , Achenbach Chad J. , Holl Jane L. , Baya Bocar , Sanogo Moumine , Wague Mamadou , Coulibaly Nadie , Kone Mahamadou , Drame Hawa Baye , Tolofoudie Mohamed , Kone Bourahima , Diarra Ayouba , Coulibaly Mamadou D. , Saliba-Shaw Kathryn , Toloba Yacouba , Diakite Mahamadou , Doumbia Seydou , Klein Sabra L. , Bishai William R. , Diallo Souleymane , Murphy Robert L.
Published: June 2022

Men and women often respond differently to infectious diseases and their treatments. Tuberculosis (TB) is a life-threatening communicable disease that affects more men than women globally. Whether male sex is an independent risk factor for unfavorable TB outcomes, however, has not been rigorously investigated in an African context, where individuals are likely exposed to different microbial and environmental factors. We analyzed data collected from a cohort study in Mali by focusing on newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB individuals who were treatment naive. We gathered baseline demographic, clinical, and microbiologic characteristics before treatment initiation and also at three time points during treatment. More males than females were affected with TB, as evidenced by a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. In addition, at baseline, males had a significantly higher bacterial count and shorter time to culture positivity as compared with females. Male sex was associated with lower smear negativity rate after 2 months of treatment also known as the intensive phase of treatment, but not at later time points. There was no relationship between patients’ sex and mortality from any cause during treatment. This study suggests that sex-based differences in TB outcomes exist, with sex-specific effects on disease outcomes being more pronounced before treatment initiation and during the intensive phase of treatment rather than at later phases of treatment.
Gut Resistome after Antibiotics among Children with Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oldenburg Catherine E. , Hinterwirth Armin , Ourohiré Millogo , Dah Clarisse , Ouédraogo Moussa , Sié Ali , Boudo Valentin , Chen Cindi , Ruder Kevin , Zhong Lina , Lebas Elodie , Nyatigo Fanice , Arnold Benjamin F. , O’Brien Kieran S. , Doan Thuy
Published: June 2022

A broad-spectrum antibiotic, typically amoxicillin, is included in many country guidelines as part of the management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children without overt clinical symptoms of infection. Alternative antibiotics may be beneficial for children with SAM without increasing selection for beta-lactam resistance. We conducted a 1:1 randomized controlled trial of single dose azithromycin versus a 7-day course of amoxicillin for SAM. Children 6–59 months of age with uncomplicated SAM (mid-upper arm circumference < 11.5 cm and/or weight-for-height Z-score < −3) were enrolled in Boromo District, Burkina Faso, from June through October 2020. Rectal swabs were collected at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment and processed using DNA-Seq. We compared the resistome at the class level in children randomized to azithromycin compared with amoxicillin. We found no evidence of a difference in the distribution of genetic antibiotic resistance determinants to any antibiotic class 8 weeks after treatment. There was no difference in genetic macrolide resistance determinants (65% azithromycin, 65% placebo, odds ratio, OR, 1.00, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.43–2.34) or beta-lactam resistance determinants (82% azithromycin, 83% amoxicillin, OR 0.94, 95% CI, 0.33–2.68) at 8 weeks. Although presence of genetic antibiotic resistance determinants to macrolides and beta-lactams was common, we found no evidence of a difference in the gut resistome 8 weeks after treatment. If there are earlier effects of antibiotics on selection for genetic antibiotic resistance determinants, the resistome may normalize by 8 weeks.
Getting on the Same Page: A Quality Improvement Project to Enhance Nurse-to-Resident Communications and Reduce Overnight Sleep Interruptions
Authors: Fisher Renae , Chaggar Rajbir , Zenger Anthony , Hamilton Susan , Carter William
Published: June 2022

Background

Many residency programs utilize “home call” residents who answer hospital communications and place orders from home. Often, residents are required to live nearby and arrive in-person if needed. Residents work normal daytime work hours while on home call, which can last several nights. This disrupts sleep and creates the potential for increased resident fatigue and patient safety issues.

Objective

To implement and evaluate a novel program to reduce non-urgent overnight pages from nurses to home call physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) residents between 11 pm and 6 am.

Methods

At an inpatient acute rehabilitation unit in a tertiary care university teaching hospital, we implemented a 2-step prospective quality improvement study with interventions derived from nurse-physician meetings implemented 9 months apart in 2018 and 2019. The first intervention was a centralized nightly handoff sheet. The second intervention was to display suggested PRN medication lists in resident workrooms. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of nights with non-urgent pages between 11 pm and 6 am. Tracking urgent pages and 7-10 am emergent pages were used as balancing measures.

Results

A total of 1835 text-based nursing pages (366 pre- and 1469 post-intervention) were received and categorized by content, urgency, and timing over a 17-month period. Post-intervention, there was a stable 25% decrease in nighttime non-urgent pages. The most common hour to be paged shifted from 11 pm to 8 pm. Pain, constipation, insomnia, and nausea were the most common complaints overnight.

Conclusions

By characterizing and studying nighttime pages, residents collaborated with nighttime nursing staff through structured meetings to reduce non-urgent nighttime pages for more than 1 year.