bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confronting inflation models with the coming observations on primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Qiu Taotao , Katsuragawa Taishi , Ni Shulei
Published: December 2020

The recent observations from CMB have imposed a very stringent upper-limit on the tensor/scalar ratio r of inflation models, $$r < 0.064$$

r
<
0.064

, which indicates that the primordial gravitational waves (PGW), even though possible to be detected, should have a power spectrum of a tiny amplitude. However, current experiments on PGW is ambitious to detect such a signal by improving the accuracy to an even higher level. Whatever their results are, it will give us much information about the early Universe, not only from the astrophysical side but also from the theoretical side, such as model building for the early Universe. In this paper, we are interested in analyzing what kind of inflation models can be favored by future observations, starting with a kind of general action offered by the effective field theory (EFT) approach. We show a general form of r that can be reduced to various models, and more importantly, we show how the accuracy of future observations can put constraints on model parameters by plotting the contours in their parameter spaces.
Am I Done? Predicting Action Progress in Videos
Authors: Becattini Federico , Uricchio Tiberio , Seidenari Lorenzo , Ballan Lamberto , Bimbo Alberto Del
Published: December 2020

In this article, we deal with the problem of predicting action progress in videos. We argue that this is an extremely important task, since it can be valuable for a wide range of interaction applications. To this end, we introduce a novel approach, named ProgressNet, capable of predicting
when
an action takes place in a video,
where
it is located within the frames, and
how far
it has progressed during its execution. To provide a general definition of action progress, we ground our work in the linguistics literature, borrowing terms and concepts to understand which actions can be the subject of progress estimation. As a result, we define a categorization of actions and their phases. Motivated by the recent success obtained from the interaction of Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks, our model is based on a combination of the Faster R-CNN framework, to make framewise predictions, and LSTM networks, to estimate action progress through time. After introducing two evaluation protocols for the task at hand, we demonstrate the capability of our model to effectively predict action progress on the UCF-101 and J-HMDB datasets.
Motion-Aware Structured Matrix Factorization for Foreground Detection in Complex Scenes
Authors: Zhu Lin , Jiang Xiurong , Li Jianing , Hao Yuanhong , Tian Yonghong
Published: December 2020

Foreground detection is one of the key steps in computer vision applications. Many foreground and background models have been proposed and achieved promising performance in static scenes. However, due to challenges such as dynamic background, irregular movement, and noise, most algorithms degrade sharply in complex scenes. To address the problem, we propose a motion-aware structured matrix factorization approach (MSMF), which integrates the structural and spatiotemporal motion information into a unified sparse-low-rank matrix factorization framework. Technologically, it has three main contributions: First, a variant of structured sparsity-inducing norm is proposed to constrain both structure and sparsity of foreground. The model is robust to the statistical variability of the underlying foreground pixels in complex scenes. Second, to capture the ambiguous pixels, a spatiotemporal cube-based motion trajectory is extracted for assisting matrix factorization. Finally, to solve the optimization problem of structured matrix factorization, we develop an augmented Lagrange multiplier method with the alternating direction strategy and Douglas-Rachford monotone operator splitting algorithm. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves impressive performance in separating irregular moving foreground while suppressing the dynamic background and the noise, and outperforms some state-of-the-art algorithms.
Make Full Use of Priors
Authors: He Xin , Liu Qiong , Yang You
Published: December 2020

Multi-view video plus depth (MVD) is the promising and widely adopted data representation for future 3D visual applications and interactive media. However, compression distortions on depth videos impede the development of such applications, and filters are crucially needed for the quality enhancement at the terminal side. Cross-view priors can intuitively be involved in filter design, but these priors are also distorted in compression and thus the contribution of them can hardly be considered in previous research. In this article, we propose a cross-view optimized filter for depth map quality enhancement by making full use of inner- and cross-view priors. We dedicate to evaluate the contributions of distorted cross-view priors in filtering the current view of depth, and then both inner- and cross-view priors can be involved in the filter design. Thus, distortions of cross-view priors are not barriers again as before. For the purpose of that, mutual information guided cross-view consistency is designed to evaluate the contributions of cross-view priors from compression distortions of MVD. After that, under the framework of global optimization, both inner- and cross-view priors are modeled and taken to minimize the designed energy function where both data accuracy and spatial smoothness are modeled. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods, where 3.289 dB and 0.0407 average gains on peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity metrics can be obtained, respectively. For the subjective evaluations, object details and structure information are recovered in the compressed depth video. We also verify our method via several practical applications, including virtual view synthesis for smooth interaction and point cloud for 3D modeling for accuracy evaluation. In these verifications, the ringing and malposition artifacts on object contours are properly handled for interactive video, and discontinuous object surfaces are restored for 3D modeling. All of these results suggest that compression distortions in MVD can be properly filtered by the proposed model, which provides a promising solution for future bandwidth constrained 3D and interactive visual applications.
Evaluation of Information Comprehension in Concurrent Speech-based Designs
Authors: Fazal Muhammad Abu Ul , Ferguson Sam , Johnston Andrew
Published: December 2020

In human-computer interaction, particularly in multimedia delivery, information is communicated to users sequentially, whereas users are capable of receiving information from multiple sources concurrently. This mismatch indicates that a sequential mode of communication does not utilise human perception capabilities as efficiently as possible. This article reports an experiment that investigated various speech-based (audio) concurrent designs and evaluated the comprehension depth of information by comparing comprehension performance across several different formats of questions (main/detailed, implied/stated). The results showed that users, besides answering the main questions, were also successful in answering the implied questions, as well as the questions that required detailed information, and that the pattern of comprehension depth remained similar to that seen to a baseline condition, where only one speech source was presented. However, the participants answered more questions correctly that were drawn from the main information, and performance remained low where the questions were drawn from detailed information. The results are encouraging to explore the concurrent methods further for communicating multiple information streams efficiently in human-computer interaction, including multimedia.
Everything you should know about online voting
Authors: Bernhard Matt
Published: December 2020

Online voting has been presented as the means to ensure faster, clearer results, mainly in close races. What complexities lie behind this claim? Will we ever replace paper-voting with a technological solution?
Boeing's 737 MAX
Authors: Cusumano Michael A.
Published: December 2020

Tracing the trajectory of management and engineering decisions resulting in systemic catastrophe.
Cybersecurity research for the future
Authors: Benzel Terry
Published: December 2020

Considering the wide range of technological and societal trade-offs associated with cybersecurity.
Zn Doped NiMn-Layered Double Hydroxide for High Performance Ni–Zn Battery
Authors: Wang Shiyuan , Duan Xinxuan , Gao Tengfei , Wang Zhaolei , Zhou Daojin , Sun Kai , Shang Zhicheng , Kuang Yun , Tian Shubo , Li Xuejin , Liu Wen , Sun Xiaoming
Published: December 2020

Rechargeable Ni–Zn battery with aqueous alkaline electrolyte represents a low-cost, safe and environmentally benign battery technology but limited in energy density and inferior cycling stability. Herein, Zn doped NiMn-layered double hydroxides have been proposed to enhance the specific capacity and cycle stability of Ni–Zn battery, which featuring lower Ni valence state and flower-like micro-structure. As a result, NiMn-LDH with 5 at% Zinc doping in can achieve a high mass-specific capacity of 294 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and enhanced stability, manifesting one of the best cathode materials for Ni–Zn batteries. Moreover, the corresponding Ni–Zn battery behaves a high capacity of 180 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 100% retention after 1000 cycles. This work demonstrates the superiority of materials design in both elemental composition and hierarchical structure to achieve high performance in energy storage, which can be also adapted to other battery systems.
A Two-Electron Bispyridinylidene Anolyte for Non-Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Alkhayri Fahad , Dyker C. Adam
Published: December 2020

Bispyridinylidenes (BPYs) are promising anolyte materials for organic redox flow batteries owing to their low potential, reversible two-electron oxidation and low molecular weight; however, a recent study suggested that without appropriate substitution, these compounds are inherently unsuitable for this application owing to an apparent chemical reaction between the neutral and dicationic redox partners. It is now demonstrated that the electrolyte itself is key to their stability. In a dimethylformamide-based electrolyte, both BPY charge states (0/2+) exhibit complete compatibility, long lifetime, and excellent solubility (1.18 M, corresponding to a high capacity of 63 Ah l−1). In symmetric cell testing, capacities of up to 100% of the theoretical value and coulombic efficiencies above 98% were achieved, though cell lifetimes with cycling were less than those of the individual BPY redox partners alone in the electrolyte. Considering the tuneability of BPY properties by structural modification, these results should promote further development of this exciting and unique class of materials for energy storage.
Parameter
θ
-Type Marcinkiewicz Integral on Nonhomogeneous Weighted Generalized Morrey Spaces
Authors: Lu Guanghui
Published: December 2020

Let

X
,
d
,
μ

be a nonhomogeneous metric measure space satisfying the upper doubling and geometrically doubling conditions in the sense of Hytönen. In this setting, the author proves that parameter

θ

-type Marcinkiewicz integral

M

θ

ρ

is bounded on the weighted generalized Morrey space

L

p
,
ϕ
,
τ

ω

for

p
∈

1
,

∞

. Furthermore, the boudedness of

M

θ

ρ

on weak weighted generalized Morrey space

W

L

p
,
ϕ
,
τ

ω

is also obtained.
Bidder Network Community Division and Collusion Suspicion Analysis in Chinese Construction Projects
Authors: Zhu Jiwei , Wang Bing , Li Liang , Wang Jiangrui
Published: December 2020

Bidder collusion seriously undermines the fair competition of the construction project market, and effective identification of collusion behaviors is of vital importance to the implementation of proactive regulation and supervision. In this paper, the data of construction project bidders from 2011 to 2018 are selected in Shaanxi Province, China, and a bidder network of construction projects is constructed. The collusion suspicion of bidders is analyzed from the macro‐, meso‐, and microlevels. The results show that the bidder network has features as small world at macrolevels, and it is easy for bidders to involve in collusion. The network community formed by construction, supervision, and survey and design bidding enterprises is analyzed at the mesolevel, and the collusion of supervision enterprises is found to have the highest suspicion At the microlevel, the characteristic value judgment and community division are adopted to analyze the collusion suspicion, which is divided into high, medium, and low according to the possibility. Through a comparison with the actual data, it is found that the method proposed in this paper can effectively identify the collusion behavior of construction project bidders. This paper proposes red, yellow, and green warning mechanism and formulates hierarchical accurate management preparedness, which can provide some suggestions to help prevent bidders from colluding.
Ethnoveterinary Survey of Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Animal Diseases in Ambo District of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia
Authors: Berhanu Mulugeta , Tintagu Tarekegn , Fentahun Selamawit , Giday Mirutse
Published: December 2020

Traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants is in danger of extinction because of different changes taking place all over the world including Ethiopia, and thus, there is a need for its immediate documentation for the purpose of conservation, sustainable utilization, and development. Thus, an ethnobotanical study was conducted in Ambo District, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia, to document and analyze local knowledge on medicinal plants used for the treatment of animal diseases. Data were collected between November 2017 and April 2018 mainly through semi‐interviews conducted with purposively selected informants. Data collected mainly included demographic information of respondents, local names of medicinal plants, plant parts used, preparation methods, mode of applications, diseases treated, and habit and habitat of the reported plants. Based on data obtained through interviews, informant consensus factor (ICF) values were computed. A total of 55 medicinal plants used to manage livestock ailment were reported by informants in the Ambo District. Herbs were commonly used in the preparation of remedies. Leaf was the most frequently utilized plant part accounting for 49.1% of the total reported medicinal plants. The majority (69.0%) of the medicinal plants used in the study district were uncultivated ones mainly harvested from edges of forests and bushlands, roadsides, riverbanks, and grasslands. High ICF values were obtained for ophthalmological (0.82), dermatological (0.79), febrile (0.77), and gastrointestinal ailments (0.77). The current study shows that there is still rich traditional knowledge on the use of plants to control various animal diseases in the study district. However, such a claim needs to be scientifically verified with priority given to medicinal plants used in the treatment of ailment categories with high ICF values as such plants are considered to be good candidates for further pharmacological evaluation.
The Influence of Systemic Inflammation Response Index on Survival Outcomes of Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kucuk Ahmet , Ozkan Emine Elif , Eskici Oztep Sukran , Mertsoylu Huseyin , Pehlivan Berrin , Selek Ugur , Topkan Erkan
Published: December 2020

Background. Recent studies have indicated that the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) can efficiently predict survival outcomes in various tumor types. Thusly, in absence of comparable investigations in limited-stage small-cell lung cancers (LS-SCLCs), we aimed to retrospectively evaluate the prognostic utility of SIRI in LS-SCLC patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Patients and Methods. Present multi-institutional retrospective analysis incorporated LS-SCLC patients treated with CRT at three academic radiation oncology centers between January 2007 and December 2018. The SIRI was calculated by using the peripheral blood neutrophil (N), monocyte (M), and lymphocyte (L) counts acquired in the last ≤7 days before the commencement of the CRT: SIRI = N × M/L. Accessibility of pretreatment SIRI cutoff that may stratify the study population into two gatherings with distinctive overall survival (OS) results was evaluated by utilizing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Primary objective was the association between the SIRI values and the OS results. Results. Search for the availability of an ideal SIRI cutoff that may stratify the entire patients’ population into two particular groups with distinctive OS outcomes identified the 1.93 value (area under the curve (AUC): 72.9%; sensitivity: 74.6%; specificity: 70.1%): Group 1: SIRI <1.93 (N = 71) and Group 2: SIRI ≥1.93 (N = 110), respectively. At a median follow-up of 17.9 (95% CI: 13.2–22.6) months, 47 (26.0%) patients were still alive (47.9% for SIRI <1.93 versus 18.3% for SIRI ≥1.93;

p
<
0.001

). Kaplan–Meier comparisons between the two SIRI groups showed that the SIRI <1.93 cohort had significantly longer median OS (40.5 versus 14.2 months;

p
<
0.001

) than the SIRI ≥1.93 cohort. Similarly, the 3- (54% versus 12.6%) and 5-year (33% versus 9.9%) OS rates were also numerically superior in the SIRI <1.93 cohort. Results of the multivariate analyses uncovered that the prognostic significance of the SIRI on OS outcomes was independent of the other confounding variables. Conclusions. The results of this retrospective multi-institutional cohort analysis suggested that a pre-CRT SIRI was a strong and independent prognostic biomarker that reliably stratified LS-SCLC patients into two cohorts with significantly different OS outcomes.
GTR Treatment in Furcation Grade II Periodontal Defects with the Recently Reintroduced Guidor PLA Matrix Barrier: A Case Series with Chronological Step-by-Step Illustrations
Authors: Friedmann Anton , Stavropoulos Andreas , Bilhan Hakan
Published: December 2020

Molars with a furcation involvement (FI) exceeding grade 1 according to Hamp’s classification are at approximately doubled risk of tooth loss. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a regenerative approach in the treatment of periodontal defects and is aimed at achieving new clinical attachment formation. The aim of this case series was to assess the efficacy of a newly reintroduced polylactic acid (PLA) matrix barrier and to evaluate the feasibility of the surgical approach. 11 patients with an average age of 58.7 years were treated with GTR using a PLA matrix barrier. Patients were instructed not to brush and chew on the treated side for 4 weeks. A gentle clinical probing was performed after 6 months for the first time after surgery. The patients were included into individual maintenance program at three months’ interval. The clinical improvement was expressed by reduced horizontal penetration of the probe accompanied by vast resolution of the vertical defect component. The change from grade II to grade I or complete resolution of the FI could be seen in 8 from 11 sites included. The newly reintroduced PLA matrix barrier showed promising results after a 12-month observation period with clinical attachment gain.
TCM: Temporal Consistency Model for Head Detection in Complex Videos
Authors: Khan Sultan Daud , Altamimi Ahmed B. , Ullah Mohib , Ullah Habib , Cheikh Faouzi Alaya
Published: December 2020

Head detection in real-world videos is a classical research problem in computer vision. Head detection in videos is challenging than in a single image due to many nuisances that are commonly observed in natural videos, including arbitrary poses, appearances, and scales. Generally, head detection is treated as a particular case of object detection in a single image. However, the performance of object detectors deteriorates in unconstrained videos. In this paper, we propose a temporal consistency model (TCM) to enhance the performance of a generic object detector by integrating spatial-temporal information that exists among subsequent frames of a particular video. Generally, our model takes detection from a generic detector as input and improves mean average precision (mAP) by recovering missed detection and suppressing false positives. We compare and evaluate the proposed framework on four challenging datasets, i.e., HollywoodHeads, Casablanca, BOSS, and PAMELA. Experimental evaluation shows that the performance is improved by employing the proposed TCM model. We demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively that our proposed framework obtains significant improvements over other methods.
Does Determining Tumor Markers from the Testicular Vein Enable Better Diagnosis and Prognosis?
Authors: Zauner Thomas , Heidler Stefan , Lusuardi Lukas , Albrecht Walter , Wimpissinger Florian
Published: December 2020

Introduction: β-HCG has been the only tumor marker evaluated in testicular vein (VT) blood until now. Objective: To evaluate the correlation between the tumor markers β-HCG, AFP, PLAP, and LDH from the VT and peripheral blood as well as their significance in predicting tumor recurrence and tumor stage. Methods: Patients with testicular cancer undergoing orchiectomy were studied retrospectively over a period of 20 years. Tumor stage, tumor histology, time to tumor recurrence, and tumor markers from VT and peripheral blood were analyzed. Minimal follow-up was 2 years. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Cox- and logistic regression models and Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results: A total of 172 patients with an average follow-up of 9.9 years were investigated. The overall recurrence rate was 18% (seminoma patients 20.8%, nonseminoma patients 14.5%). Marker values measured from VT blood were higher than in peripheral blood and correlated strongly with the peripherally measured values. AFP obtained from peripheral blood was the only tumor marker allowing a statement on the recurrence probability. Tumor markers from VT blood showed no correlation with tumor stage. Discussion/Conclusion: Tumor markers from VT blood are significantly higher than in peripheral blood. Tumor markers obtained from VT blood do not provide clinical advantage in terms of assessing tumor stage and recurrence probability.
Prognostic Value of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate 3–6 Months after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Lee Won Jik , Kim Dong-Bin , Her Sung-Ho , Park Chul Soo , Lee Jong-Min , Kim Hee-Yeol , Chung Wook Sung
Published: December 2020

Background: The prognostic significance of follow-up (f/u) renal function for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the prognostic implications of f/u renal function in patients undergoing PCI. Methods: A drug-eluting stent registry was used. We divided patients into 4 groups according to the change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before PCI and 3–6 months after PCI. Patients with normal pre-PCI eGFR and f/u eGFR were assigned to group 1. Those with normal pre-PCI eGFR and abnormal f/u eGFR were assigned to group 2. Patients with abnormal pre-PCI eGFR and normal f/u eGFR were assigned to group 3. Patients with abnormal pre-PCI eGFR and f/u eGFR were allocated into group 4. Results: A total of 4,899 PCI patients were enrolled. The death rate in group 1, 2, 3, and 4 at 3 years was 2, 11, 4, and 9%, respectively. This showed significant differences between groups, except between groups 2 and 4. The prognosis of a group with aggravation from normal renal function was worse than that of a group with recovery from abnormal renal function. A prediction model that combines clinical risk factors and f/u eGFR has more power for predicting clinical outcomes than a combination of clinical risk factors and pre-PCI eGFR. Conclusion: Post-PCI eGFR was more accurate for predicting patient outcomes than pre-PCI eGFR.
Aids em homens no município de São Paulo, 1980–2012
Authors: Pellini Alessandra Cristina Guedes , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco , Zanetta Dirce Maria Trevisan
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVOS: Identificar aglomerados espaciais e espaço-temporais de altas taxas de incidência de aids em homens residentes no município de São Paulo desde o primeiro caso da doença em 1980. MÉTODOS: As notificações de HIV/aids foram obtidas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (57.440 homens) entre janeiro de 1980 e junho de 2012. Os casos foram geocodificados por endereço de residência; em seguida, análises de varredura puramente espacial, espaçotemporal e de variação espacial nas tendências temporais foram realizadas para três conjuntos de dados: total de casos de aids em homens com 13 anos de idade ou mais, homens com 50 anos ou mais e óbitos por aids. RESULTADOS: Foi possível geocodificar uma expressiva proporção de casos de aids (93,7%). Na análise de varredura puramente espacial, considerando-se todo o período avaliado, a epidemia de aids nos homens apresentou importante concentração espacial no Centro e em áreas contíguas das regiões Norte, Sudeste e Oeste do município, independentemente da faixa etária e da evolução para o óbito (riscos relativos entre 1,22 e 5,90). Levando-se em conta simultaneamente o espaço e o tempo, diversos aglomerados foram encontrados, espalhados por todas as regiões do município (riscos relativos entre 1,44 e 8,61). Na análise da variação espacial nas tendências temporais, os aglomerados nas regiões mais periféricas apresentaram maior incremento percentual anual das taxas da doença (de até 7,58%), denotando a tendência de “periferização” da epidemia nos homens na cidade de São Paulo. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo permitiu a detecção de aglomerados geográficos de alto risco para a aids nos homens, apontando para áreas prioritárias no município, tanto para ações programáticas como para nortear outros estudos.
Cost-benefit analysis of pharmacist interventions over 36 months in a university hospital
Authors: Cazarim Maurilio de Souza , Rodrigues João Paulo Vilela , Calcini Priscila Santos , Einarson Thomas , Pereira Leonardo Régis Leira
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-benefits analysis of a clinical pharmacy (CP) service implemented in a Neurology ward of a tertiary teaching hospital. METHODS: This is a cost-benefit analysis of a single arm, prospective cohort study performed at the adult Neurology Unit over 36 months, which has evaluated the results of a CP service from a hospital and Public Health System (PHS) perspective. The interventions were classified into 14 categories and the costs identified as direct medical costs. The results were analyzed by the total and marginal cost, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and the net benefit (NB). RESULTS: The total 334 patients were followed-up and the highest occurrence in 506 interventions was drug introduction (29.0%). The marginal cost for the hospital and avoided cost for PHS was US$182±32 and US$25,536±4,923 per year; and US$0.55 and US$76.4 per patient/year. The BCR and NB were 0.0, -US$26,105 (95%CI -31,850 – -10,610), -US$27,112 (95%CI -33,160–11,720) for the hospital and; 3.0 (95%CI 1.97–4.94), US$51,048 (95%CI 27,645–75,716) and, 4.6 (95%CI 2.24–10.05), US$91,496 (95%CI 34,700–168,050; p < 0.001) for the PHS, both considering adhered and total interventions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CP service was not directly cost-benefit at the hospital perspective, but it presented savings for forecast cost related to the occurrence of preventable morbidities, measuring a good cost-benefit for the PHS.
Monitoramento das equipes de saúde bucal após a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica 2017
Authors: Lucena Edson Hilan Gomes de , Lucena Carolina Dantas Rocha Xavier de , Alemán Josiane Aparecida de Souza , Pucca Júnior Gilberto Alfredo , Pereira Antônio Carlos , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVO: Realizar um monitoramento do quantitativo de equipes de saúde bucal implantadas na Estratégia Saúde da Família após a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica 2017. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de natureza quantitativa, descritiva e analítica que utilizou os dados dos relatórios públicos do histórico de cobertura de saúde bucal disponível na plataforma e-Gestor da Atenção Básica do Ministério da Saúde de todos os municípios brasileiros (5.570). A sobrevida dos municípios que não reduziram o quantitativo de equipes de saúde bucal foi analisada segundo a região do país, índice de desenvolvimento humano, índice de desigualdade de Gini e porte populacional. A regressão de Cox foi utilizada para analisar os fatores associados à diminuição do número de equipes implantadas após 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 e 21 meses da publicação da portaria da política nacional de 2017, considerando-se a hazard ratio (HR) e p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Após 21 meses de publicação da política, 6,7% dos municípios brasileiros reduziram a quantidade de equipes de saúde bucal. Essa redução foi maior nas regiões Sul (6,7%) e Nordeste (4,8%), nos municípios com índice de desenvolvimento humano mais alto, ou seja, maior ou igual a 0,7 (5,6%), mais desiguais quanto à distribuição de renda (índice de Gini > 0,62) e de maior porte populacional (mais de 100.000 habitantes). Municípios das regiões Nordeste (HR = 1,220) e Sul (HR = 1,771) apresentaram maior chance de redução do número de equipes comparados aos da região Norte. Municípios mais desiguais (HR = 6,405) e com maior porte populacional (HR = 4,273) também apresentaram maior chance de reduzir a cobertura de equipes de saúde bucal. CONCLUSÃO: Os municípios que reduziram a quantidade de equipes de saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família são das regiões Sul e Nordeste, com maior desigualdade social e maior porte populacional. Esse cenário pode impactar significativamente o acesso da população aos serviços de saúde bucal do Sistema Único de Saúde, principalmente entre os que mais necessitam.
Atuação da indústria de produtos ultraprocessados como um grupo de interesse
Authors: Mariath Aline Brandão , Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto
Published: December 2020

A participação da indústria de produtos ultraprocessados nos esforços para reduzir a obesidade e doenças crônicas associadas à má alimentação tem sido questionada, sobretudo porque há evidências de sua interferência no processo de formulação de políticas públicas. Este artigo se alicerça na teoria da ação coletiva e na literatura de ciência política para discutir o papel desse setor como um grupo de interesse especial que utiliza seu significativo poder econômico para influenciar decisões governamentais em seu favor. No Brasil, sua atuação ocorre principalmente por meio de associações. Ainda não se pode assegurar, todavia, que seus interesses prevaleçam no processo decisório. Sugere-se a realização de pesquisas que determinem o grau de sucesso de suas ações, identifiquem as condições associadas à convergência dos resultados das políticas com seus interesses e apontem em que medida as organizações da sociedade civil são capazes de fazer os interesses públicos se sobreporem aos privados.
Fatores de risco associados a náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia antineoplásica
Authors: Simino Giovana Paula Rezende , Reis Ilka Afonso , Acurcio Francisco de Assis , Andrade Eli Iola Gurgel , Brazil Natalia Maria Linhares , Cherchiglia Mariângela Leal
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVO: Estimar a incidência e avaliar os fatores de risco para náuseas e vômitos induzidos por antineoplásicos com alto e moderado potencial emético em pacientes adultos, no primeiro ciclo de tratamento. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva, com 269 adultos acompanhados durante o primeiro ciclo de quimioterapia antineoplásica. A incidência de náuseas e vômitos foi avaliada na fase aguda (0–24 horas), na fase tardia (24 horas–5º dia) e na fase total (0–5º dia). RESULTADOS: 152 pacientes foram submetidos a quimioterápico com alto potencial emético e 117 a moderado potencial emético. A frequência relativa de náuseas foi maior quando comparada à de vômitos na fase aguda (p < 0,001) e na fase tardia (p < 0,001). Os fatores de risco identificados foram: faixa etária ≤ 49 anos (odds ratio = 0,47; IC95% 0,23–0,95) e 50–64 anos (odds ratio = 0,45; IC95% 0,23–0,87), uso de tabaco (odds ratio = 0,35; IC95% 0,14–0,88) e alto potencial emético dos quimioterápicos (odds ratio 0,55; IC95% 0,31–0,95). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de náuseas foi maior do que a de vômitos, e na fase tardia os efeitos adversos foram mais frequentes. Os resultados sugerem que os fatores de risco para náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia são o tabaco, a idade (adultos jovens) e o alto potencial emético do quimioterápico.
Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em mulheres privadas de liberdade em Roraima
Authors: Benedetti Maria Soledade Garcia , Nogami Audrey Stella Akemi , Costa Beatriz Belo da , Fonsêca Herbert Iago Feitosa da , Costa Igor dos Santos , Almeida Itallo de Souza , Miranda Luana de , Conchy Matheus Mychael Mazzaro , Bentes Renan da Silva , Higa Suzani Naomi , Israel Tháles de Souza , Fonseca Allex Jardim da
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de infecção por vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), sífilis e hepatite B entre mulheres privadas de liberdade do estado de Roraima e sua correlação com percepções, conhecimento e fatores comportamentais. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo de corte transversal, com amostragem sistemática simples, realizado na Cadeia Pública Feminina de Boa Vista, estado de Roraima, no ano de 2017. Foram avaliadas 168 detentas (93,8% da população) por meio de entrevista face a face e testes rápidos. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de alguma infecção sexualmente transmissível (IST) foi de 20,2%, sendo 4,7% de HIV, 15,5% de sífilis, e 0,0% de hepatite B. A análise multivariada confirmou como fatores de risco para adquirir uma IST: ter mais de 30 anos de idade [odds ratio (OR) ajustada: 2,57; IC95% 1,03–6,40); baixa escolaridade (OR ajustada: 2,77; IC95% 1,08–5,05); pouco conhecimento sobre o uso da camisinha (OR ajustada: 2,37; IC95% 1,01–7,31); e achar que não há risco de contrair sífilis (OR ajustada: 2,36; IC95% 1,08–6,50). CONCLUSÃO: A população privada de liberdade constitui um grupo de alta vulnerabilidade às IST. A elevada prevalência dessas infecções pode ser explicada por déficits de conhecimento sobre o assunto, percepções distorcidas e condições peculiares ao aprisionamento, que resultam em comportamento de risco. Ressalta-se a necessidade de implantar programas educativos de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de IST para essa população.
Médicos da atenção primária e especializada conhecem e utilizam mecanismos de coordenação?
Authors: Mendes Lívia dos Santos , Almeida Patty Fidelis de
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVOS: Analisar se médicos da atenção primária à saúde e da atenção especializada conhecem e utilizam mecanismos de coordenação do cuidado entre níveis assistenciais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito, com aplicação do instrumento COORDENA-BR a médicos da atenção primária e da atenção especializada da rede pública de um município de médio porte, no período de junho a outubro de 2019. Foi abordado o conhecimento, frequência de envio e recebimento, finalidade, características e dificuldades para a utilização dos mecanismos de feedback ou adaptação mútua e de padronização para promoção de coordenação do cuidado entre níveis assistenciais. RESULTADOS: Instrumentos de feedback como formulários de referência e contrarreferência, resumo de alta hospitalar e WhatsApp são amplamente conhecidos por profissionais dos dois níveis, s em d iferenças s ignificativas. S essões c línicas e protocolos s ão p ouco r econhecidos, sobretudo na atenção especializada, o que pressupõe baixa utilização de mecanismos de padronização para obtenção de maior coordenação do cuidado entre níveis assistenciais. Apesar do elevado reconhecimento e facilidade de uso, instrumentos de feedback tradicionais como guias de referência e contrarreferência não são amplamente utilizados. Menor frequência de médicos conhecia os protocolos, principalmente na atenção especializada, e destacaram dificuldades para sua aplicação, como insuficiência de exames e indisponibilidade de insumos na rede. As sessões clínicas eram pouco conhecidas e tinham baixa frequência de participação. Pressão assistencial, baixa institucionalização e falta de tempo foram barreiras identificadas para a incorporação dos mecanismos de coordenação do cuidado ao processo de trabalho na atenção primária e especializada, além daquelas relacionadas à oferta de serviços na rede. CONCLUSÃO: Argumenta-se que a fragmentação do sistema e dos cuidados poderá ser enfrentada na complementariedade de medidas que possibilitem conhecer, desenvolver habilidades profissionais, institucionalizar e promover condições organizacionais para a efetiva utilização de mecanismos de coordenação em toda rede de atenção à saúde.
Pandemia e coberturas vacinais
Authors: Sato Ana Paula Sayuri
Published: December 2020

Desde março de 2020, o Brasil enfrenta a pandemia da doença do coronavírus 2019 (covid-19), que modificou intensamente o modo de viver da população e o uso dos serviços de saúde, nos quais o comparecimento presencial caiu drasticamente, inclusive para a vacinação infantil, devido às medidas de distanciamento social para mitigar a transmissão do vírus. Diversos países registraram queda substancial das coberturas vacinais em crianças, especialmente nas menores de dois anos de idade. No Brasil, dados administrativos apontam o impacto da pandemia de covid-19 no agravamento dessa queda, que já constituía um desafio importante do Programa Nacional de Imunizações nos últimos anos. Muitas crianças estarão suscetíveis a doenças imunopreveníveis, o que reforça a necessidade de avaliar a situação vacinal dos escolares antes do retorno às aulas presenciais.
Churchgoing and Christian Ethics: an Empirical Study among 13- to 15-Year-Old Students in England and Wales
Authors: Francis Leslie J.
Published: December 2020

This study explores the connections between churchgoing and two fields of Christian moral values (sex-related and substance-related) among 23,714 13- to 15-year-old students in England and Wales who self-identified as either Christian or as of no religion. Bivariate crosstabulation identifies clear patterns of association. Multiple regression analyses confirm that the associations persist after controlling for personal factors (sex and age) and for psychological factors (extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism). Multiple regression analyses also suggest that additional variance is explained when two aspects of intrinsic religiosity are added to the model (personal prayer and belief in God) and that much of the variance accounted for by churchgoing is mediated through these aspects of intrinsic religiosity. These findings illuminate the connection between the Christian community and communities of moral values.
Specters of Qingzhen: Marking Islam in China
Authors: Ha Guangtian
Published: December 2020

Based on fieldwork in Henan and Ningxia conducted in numerous research trips each lasting from two weeks to two years from 2010 to 2018, this article argues that in the two decades from the late 1990s to the late 2010s, there was a critical transition in how halal food was marked in China and how the state as well as ordinary Muslims perceived these shifting signs. By explaining the difference between qingzhen and halal signs, and by highlighting the imagistic character of the former, this article shows how local governments both propagated the proliferation of halal signs and soon afterwards saw in these same signs not so much economic prosperity as the threat of global Islam. Therefore, the current crackdown on Islam in China is as much about how Islam is to be visually represented as it is about concerns over sovereignty, ethnicity and religious dissent.
Measuring the Unmeasurable? Production & Certification of Halal Goods and Services
Authors: Botoeva Aisalkyn
Published: December 2020

Attending to the rise of halal economy and particularly halal certification initiatives in the region and globally, this paper asks why and how third-party certifiers would gain credibility and authority, and what does authority have to do with the work of entrepreneurs in the sector. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2015, and interviews with entrepreneurs and a private halal certification agency in Kyrgyzstan as well as their accreditors in Kazakhstan, I pay close attention to the collective meaning-making deliberations that revolve around questions of what makes goods and services halal and also what makes one a ‘good Muslim’. Certifiers and entrepreneurs come to form what I call a valuation circuit. In these circuits, they construct shared understandings of ethnical and behavioral norms for market actors, create and reinforce binaries around halal and haram, and rely on transnational network of religious authority as they attempt to valuate and measure compliance to halal standards.
Al-Ghazālī’s Virtue Ethical Theory of the Divine Names: The Theological Underpinnings of the Doctrine of Takhalluq in al-Maqṣad al-Asnā
Authors: Casewit Yousef
Published: December 2020

Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī’s (d. 505/1111) al-Maqṣad al-Asnā fī Sharḥ Maʿānī Asmāʾ Allāh al-Ḥusnā (“The Highest Aim in Explaining the Meanings of God’s Most Beautiful Names”) is more than just a commentary on the ninety-nine names of God. In setting out to expound on a virtue ethical theory of the divine names, the Maqṣad in effect amounts to a sustained theological meditation upon one of the most fundamental paradoxes of monotheism: how to locate and affirm both divine incomparability (tanzīh) and comparability (tashbīh). In order to avoid any semblance of theological immanentism, or “the affirmation of God’s comparability” (tashbīh), al-Ghazālī begins by positing that an unbridgeable chasm, or irreducible “disparity” (tafāwut), separates the Lord from the servant. This chasm accounts for a disconnect not only between God’s unqualified Essence and the human being, but also between the transcendent meanings (maʿānī) that reside in the Essence and our limited apprehension of those transcendent meanings in the mind. At the same time, he insists that this chasm does not annul the ethical relevance and ontological reality of the attributes (taʿṭīl). Rather, the latter are somehow comparable (tashbīh) and do serve as prototype for human ethical conduct. In addressing this apparent paradox, al-Ghazālī’s Maqṣad exudes a palpable theological anxiety. This article explores the ways in which he addresses this theological conundrum by grounding his treatise in Ashʿarī theology and Sufi ethics. It closely analyses his cautious use of diction, hyper-systematised exegetical methodology, and staunch commitment to a set of hermeneutical principles which serve to undergird his virtue ethical theory of the divine names. Later generations of commentators picked up on al-Ghazālī’s theological anxiety, and critiqued the work for excessive immanentism (tashbīh), excessive transcendentalism (tanzīh), or excessive hermeneutical systematisation (takalluf).
Assimilation of Satellite-Retrieved Sea Ice Concentration and Prospects for September Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Zhang Yong-Fei , Bushuk Mitchell , Winton Michael , Hurlin Bill , Yang Xiaosong , Delworth Tom , Jia Liwei
Published: December 2020

The current GFDL seasonal prediction system achieved retrospective sea ice extent (SIE) skill without direct sea ice data assimilation. Here we develop sea ice data assimilation, shown to be a key source of skill for seasonal sea ice predictions, in GFDL’s next-generation prediction system, the Seamless System for Prediction and Earth System Research (SPEAR). Satellite sea ice concentration (SIC) observations are assimilated into the GFDL Sea Ice Simulator version 2 (SIS2) using the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF). Sea ice physics is perturbed to form an ensemble of ice–ocean members with atmospheric forcing from the JRA-55 reanalysis. Assimilation is performed every 5 days from 1982 to 2017 and the evaluation is conducted at pan-Arctic and regional scales over the same period. To mitigate an assimilation overshoot problem and improve the analysis, sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are restored to the daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature version 2 (OISSTv2). The combination of SIC assimilation and SST restoring reduces analysis errors to the observational error level (~10%) from up to 3 times larger than this (~30%) in the free-running model. Sensitivity experiments show that the choice of assimilation localization half-width (190 km) is near optimal and that SIC analysis errors can be further reduced slightly either by reducing the observational error or by increasing the assimilation frequency from every 5 days to daily. A lagged-correlation analysis suggests substantial prediction skill improvements from SIC initialization at lead times of less than 2 months.
Pushed Together or Pulled Apart? Economic Stressors and Romantic Relationship Quality
Authors: Lucas Amy , Halliday Hardie Jessica , Sage Yim Sejung
Published: December 2020

Previous research indicates that romantic partners’ relationship quality is associated with poverty and material hardship. Few studies have used longitudinal data to incorporate changing economic circumstances over time, included a range of economic factors, or investigated the role of social support in this association, however. Using five waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we extend prior work by evaluating the association between multiple economic stressors and romantic relationship quality over time, and whether social support explains or alters this association. Changes in economic stressors are associated with changes in romantic relationship quality over time, particularly nonstandard work and material hardship. Social support neither explains nor moderates this association in most cases. This study confirms the stress process perspective, showing how economic and work-related stress can proliferate into family life, but does not support the contention that social support buffers families against stress proliferation.
The Effects of ADHD Teacher Training Programs on Teachers and Pupils: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ward Rebecca J. , Bristow Sarah J. , Kovshoff Hanna , Cortese Samuele , Kreppner Jana
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To synthesize the evidence on the efficacy of ADHD teacher training interventions for teachers’ ADHD knowledge and reducing pupils’ ADHD-type behaviors.

Method:

Six electronic databases were systematically searched up to 14/04/20. Meta-analyses were performed to pool standardized mean differences (SMD).

Results:

29 studies were included in the systematic review, and 22 meta-analyzed. SMD for teacher knowledge within subjects at post-test and follow-up was 1.96 (95% confidence interval = 1.48, 2.43) and ‒1.21 (–2.02, –0.41) respectively. Between subjects analyses at post-test showed SMD = 1.56 (0.52, 2.59), with insufficient data at follow-up. At post-test, SMD for pupils’ behavior within and between subjects was 0.78 (0.37, 1.18), and 0.71 (–0.11, 1.52), respectively. Medium-to-high risk of bias was found in all but one study.

Conclusion:

ADHD teacher training programs may be effective in initially improving ADHD teachers’ knowledge. There is inconsistent evidence for their efficacy to reduce students’ ADHD-type behaviors.