bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of people with albinism about photoprotection and skin cancers prevention in Togo
Authors:   Dermatology and STI Department, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, University of Lomé, Togo, Akakpo Abla Sefako , Téclessou Julienne Noude , Adani-Ife Ablavi Ahoefa Oyenitiwa , Adam Saliou , Kassang Panawe , Sanwogou Gountaanthe Logte , Gnossike Piham , Gligbe Reine-Pélagie , Mahamadou Garba , Mouhari-Touré Abas , Kombaté Koussake , Tchangai-Wall Kissem , Pitché Palokinam , Saka Bayaki
Published: January 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with albinism (PWAs) related to photoprotection and prevention of skin cancers in Togo. Materials and Method: A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of three months in the year 2020 among PWAs over eighteen years of age residing in Lomé, Togo. Results: A total of 78 PWAs were interviewed. Their mean age was 23.38 ± 15.11 years (extremes: 18 and 63 years), and their sex ratio (M/F) was 0.81. In terms of knowledge, all PWAs declared that photoprotection was essential to prevent skin cancers. Interview data revealed the following strengths: wearing a wide-brimmed hat (n = 77; 98.7%) and using sunscreen cream (n = 75; 96.2%) were the main means/measures of prevention. In terms of attitudes, only 27 PWAs (34.6%) said that a dermatology consultation would be their first reaction to an unusual skin lesion. The main prevention means/measures in their possession were wide-brimmed hats (91.3%), sunscreen creams (85.9%), dark clothes (76.9%), and tinted glasses (70.5%). Regarding the practices, sunscreen creams were used by 88.5% of PWAs (n = 69). About two-thirds (64.1%) of respondents used tinted glasses to protect themselves from the sun. Finally, less than a quarter of the respondents (17.9%) consulted a dermatologist for a skin lesion in the last twelve months. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that PWAs in Togo have fairly good knowledge about photoprotection and prevention of skin cancers. Attitudes and practices were generally positive but some behaviors such as dermatological follow-up still require improvement. Key words: Albinism, Sun protection, Skin cancers, Togo
Trichomycosis axillaris: Case report
Authors:   Dermatologist at Paseo Plaza Clinic Center, Guatemala, Guatemala, Way Patricia Chang , Paiz Gabriela Alejandra Alarcon , Logemann Heidi
Published: January 2024

Trichomycosis axillaris is a bacterial infection commonly caused by Corynebacterium. This condition usually affects the axillary and pubic hair, but it also can be seen on the scalp. It may have three different presentations: trichomycosis flava, rubra and nigra; it is characterized by the presence of concretions around the hair. Despite it is not uncommon, doctors outside of dermatology underdiagnosis this condition of the skin. Herein, we report a 70-year-old male patient, who visited the clinic for a post-lesional melanoderma affecting the right armpit. During the physical examination he was found to have a trichopathy localized at the axillary hair, consisting of multiple yellow axillary hairs. Dermoscopy and microscopy showed sheath and nodules around the hair. With these clinical features the patient was diagnosed with post-lesional melanoderma and axillary trichomycosis. Key words: Hair diseases, Corynebacterium infections, Corynebacterium
Norwegian scabies in a patient with Down syndrome – case report
Authors:   Dermatology Clinic, Military Institute of Medicine – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland, Werner Alina , Zalewska Joanna , Płatkowska Anna , Paluchowska Elwira , Owczarek Witold
Published: January 2024

Scabies is a highly infectious dermatosis. It is caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The available estimates indicate more than 400 million cases of scabies annually. The main route of infection is direct skin contact. The main symptoms such as pruritus appear 3–6 weeks after infection. Additionally, papules, erythema, erosions, excoriations, and crusts may be visible. One of the rarest forms of scabies is Norwegian scabies. This is the most severe variant. Its clinical picture may resemble psoriasis. In the article, we present the case of a 21-year-old patient with Down syndrome who was admitted to the department of dermatology with a diagnosis of psoriasis. During hospitalization, due to clinical doubts, it was decided to extend the diagnostics. Basing on the microscopic examination, Norwegian scabies was diagnosed. The treatment involved oral ivermectin and topical 5% permethrin, which resulted in a remission of the skin lesions and the resolution of itching. Key words: Sarcoptes scabiei, Scabies, Crusted scabies, Permethrin, Ivermectin
Persistent purple erythematous rash: Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors:   Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Hassan II, Fes, Morocco, Alaoui Imane Kacimi , Baybay Hanane , El-Ammari Sara , Douhi Zakia , Soughi Meryem , Elloudi Sara , Mernissi Fatima-Zahra
Published: January 2024

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon yet serious inflammatory neoplasia that frequently affects children. Skin and bone manifestations are frequent and may be isolated or associated with visceral or systemic disorders. Diagnosis is clinicopathologic, established upon typical clinical findings and immunohistochemical and histological analyses of a biopsy taken from the lesions. Prognosis depends on onset age and the quantity of affected organs. Treatment is often necessary for LCH if systemic involvement exists. Herein, we report a rare case of multifocal LCH of late onset. Key words: Histiocytosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Inflammation, Systemic manifestations
The fortune telling in the Siberian Tatars culture
Authors: Zinnatullina Guliuza
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this article is to describe, study and analyze traditional methods of divination in the culture of the Tatars of Western Siberia. Such practices occupy an important place in the spiritual heritage of the people. They are valuable material for studying the traditional culture of the people, their worldview. They allow us to highlight the transformation of the worldview of the people under the influence of different cultures. These methods of divination were widely used by the people in the past, and some of them have been preserved and used to this day. The research was based on ethnographic sources and field materials collected by the author in 2002-2023. The works of domestic researchers in the field of history and traditional culture of Turkic and Muslim peoples served as a methodological basis for the article. The paper gives a historical and comparative analysis of traditional rites of divination widespread among the Tatars of Western Siberia. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the article is the first to record and describe the method of divination among Siberian Tatars called "tastar tartu", which, according to the available information at the moment, was widespread only among the Tatars of Western Siberia. In addition, the article provides a historical and comparative analysis of such methods of divination as "nogyt bulu", "kitap atsu", with other Turkic and Mongolian peoples. The study has shown that some of the described methods of divination among Siberian Tatars, having arisen on the basis of the common Altai, Turkic tradition in the early period, were transformed under the influence of the Muslim worldview in the later period. Also through the Islamic culture the methods of divination of other Muslim peoples began to spread among Siberian Tatars.
Involvement of TRPV4 in temperature-dependent perspiration in mice
Authors: Kashio Makiko , Derouiche Sandra , Yoshimoto Reiko U , Sano Kenji , Lei Jing , Kido Mizuho A , Tominaga Makoto
Published: January 2024

Reports indicate that an interaction between TRPV4 and anoctamin 1 (ANO1) could be widely involved in water efflux of exocrine glands, suggesting that the interaction could play a role in perspiration. In secretory cells of sweat glands present in mouse foot pads, TRPV4 clearly colocalized with cytokeratin 8, ANO1, and aquaporin-5 (AQP5). Mouse sweat glands showed TRPV4-dependent cytosolic Ca2+ increases that were inhibited by menthol. Acetylcholine-stimulated sweating in foot pads was temperature-dependent in wild-type, but not in TRPV4-deficient mice and was inhibited by menthol both in wild-type and TRPM8KO mice. The basal sweating without acetylcholine stimulation was inhibited by an ANO1 inhibitor. Sweating could be important for maintaining friction forces in mouse foot pads, and this possibility is supported by the finding that wild-type mice climbed up a slippery slope more easily than TRPV4-deficient mice. Furthermore, TRPV4 expression was significantly higher in controls and normohidrotic skin from patients with acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis (AIGA) compared to anhidrotic skin from patients with AIGA. Collectively, TRPV4 is likely involved in temperature-dependent perspiration via interactions with ANO1, and TRPV4 itself or the TRPV4/ANO 1 complex would be targeted to develop agents that regulate perspiration.
The effect of self-related humor on convergent and divergent thinking
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinoor , Zhou Zhijin
Published: January 2024

Humour enhances creativity, but the question is whether different types of humour have a similar effect on improving individual creativity. It is evident that negative humour style is negatively related to creativity, while positive humour style is positively related to it. However, no evidence has been found that self-related humour (self-enhancing and self-defeating humour) directly affects creative thinking in the experimental setting. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of self-related humour on convergent and divergent creative thinking. We included 60 (38 male, 22 female) participants and randomly assigned 20 in each condition to conduct this experiment. To evoke humour, we used 12 stimuli (12 self-enhancing jokes, 12 self-defeating jokes, and 12 non-humorous statements) in each condition. Remote Association Task (RAT) was used to measure convergent thinking, and Alternative Uses Task (AUT) was used to measure divergent thinking. We expected that i) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at convergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group and ii) people who engage in self-enhancing humour would perform better at divergent thinking tasks than the control group and the self-defeating humour group. Our results supported our hypotheses and suggested that self-enhancing humour induced individual creativity both in convergent or divergent thinking (originality, fluency, flexibility). In contrast, self-defeating humour failed to affect either convergent or divergent thinking.
Genre and stylistic markers of Ukrainian folk jokes
Authors: Yemelyanova Olena , Baranova Svitlana , Kobyakova Iryna
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on the study of Ukrainian social and domestic folk jokes that contain information about the life of people, their habits, customs, traditions, and relations, and ridicule the weak sides of Ukrainians. The research material comprises 311 folk jokes that date back to the second part of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century. They are selected from the collection by M.V. Nagornyi (1940) and the book of Ukrainian folk satire and humour (1959). The goal of the research is to study the main genre and stylistic markers of Ukrainian folk jokes. It is noted that Ukrainian folk jokes have a form of dialogue. Ukrainians’ longstanding tradition of self-deprecating humour is also mentioned. The stylistic markers of the texts under consideration are the choice of vocabulary with diminutive suffixes, a wide range of expressive means, and stylistic devices that are a basis for achieving humorous effects. Diminutive suffixes are proved to have acquired specific characteristics in folk jokes giving positive or negative evaluation. Ukrainian social and domestic folk jokes, some of which take the form of joke-stories, are distinguished by precision, witty expression, and concise and dynamically constructed plot. The future research might involve the detailed study of the peculiarities of the Ukrainian social and domestic jokes of the third millennium, focusing on their linguistic and extra-linguistic features.
Tunable theranostics: innovative strategies in combating oral cancer
Authors: Uthman Asmaa , AL-Rawi Noor , Saeed Musab Hamed , Eid Bassem , Al-Rawi Natheer H.
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study aims to assess and compare the potential of advanced nano/micro delivery systems, including quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, and microneedles, as theranostic platforms for oral cancer. Furthermore, we seek to evaluate their respective advantages and disadvantages over the past decade.

Materials and Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed using Google Scholar and PubMed, with a focus on articles published between 2013 and 2023. Search queries included the specific advanced delivery system as the primary term, followed by oral cancer as the secondary term (e.g., “quantum dots AND oral cancer,” etc.).

Results

The advanced delivery platforms exhibited notable diagnostic and therapeutic advantages when compared to conventional techniques or control groups. These benefits encompassed improved tumor detection and visualization, enhanced precision in targeting tumors with reduced harm to neighboring tissues, and improved drug solubility and distribution, leading to enhanced drug absorption and tumor uptake.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that advanced nano/micro delivery platforms hold promise for addressing numerous challenges associated with chemotherapy. By enabling precise targeting of cancerous cells, these platforms have the potential to mitigate adverse effects on surrounding healthy tissues, thus encouraging the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
Trends and Pattern of Poultry Production and Development in India, Special Reference to Karnataka
Authors: Veeresh  , Lokesh G. B.  , Sreedhara J. N.  , Deshmanya Jagrati B. , Jainuddin S. M.
Published: January 2024

Poultry farming in India, in spite of several hurdles, has progressed considerably during the last decade. The present study has been done to investigate many areas of the country's poultry production growth and development. Until recently, poultry production in India was limited to backyards. The study examined the trends and patterns of poultry population in Karnataka and in India. Secondary data was collected from the various livestock census reports from 1997 to 2019. Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) analysis is used to achieve the objective. The results revealed that the Karnataka’s total poultry population was 213.99 lakh during 1997 census increased to 594.94 lakh in 2019. Kolar district has registered highest population of poultry 86.08 lakh accounting for 14.47 per cent of state population. The overall growth rate of all the districts of Karnataka was 32.67 per cent over years, whereas Kolar district stands in first position with a highest positive growth rate of 69.90 per cent.The country’s poultry population has increased marginally from 3476.1 lakh in 1997 to 8078.9 lakh in 2019. Among states Tamil Nadu (14.73%) has registered highest poultry population.The country’s overall growth rate was 22.57 per cent during 1997 to 2019.  The study conclude that poultry sector plays an important role in economy by providing gainful employment. and supplementary income to the farmers in the rural areas.  Among states, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Telangana were major states have registered highest poultry population. It is suggested promote the poultry development with incentive schemes in less aspirational districts and states which increase employment and income with nutritional security.
A Review of 20 Research for Music Teaching in Contemporary Junior High Schools in China
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: January 2024

This article provides a comprehensive review of the current status and future trends of music education in junior middle schools in China. The primary objective is to provide an insightful overview of the landscape by examining various aspects of music education. The research methodology involves a thorough examination of current practices, with an emphasis on synthesizing information from recent studies and research papers. The central theme emphasizes life-long learning as a core strategy in contemporary music education. Another important aspect explored is the emphasis on a music education strategy based on core skills. The article delves into the cultivation of students' aesthetic perception and overall quality, with the goal of providing a deeper musical experience and comprehensive development in music learning. In addition, the article discusses the application of interdisciplinary integration and interactive teaching strategies in music education. These strategies are presented with the goal of enhancing teaching effectiveness and promoting greater student engagement in the learning process, and the article emphasizes the importance of fostering students' sense of music and ability to appreciate music as integral components of improving core musical literacy. By citing relevant research, this review provides both theoretical guidance and practical references for junior middle school music education in China. In conclusion, the trajectory of junior middle school music education in China is depicted as evolving toward a more life-oriented, comprehensive, and interactive approach, with an emphasis on cultivating students' musical literacy and aesthetic ability.
Mitigation of Soil Pollution by Biodegradation of Plastic Materials through Activity of Mealworms
Authors: Kanwal Hira , Fatima Tahreem , Sharif Umer , Maryam Iqra , Naz Komal , Ameer Fareesa , Sanaullah
Published: January 2024

An excellent illustration of this idea is the use of insects in circular production systems, since they are capable of converting a variety of organic waste and byproducts into nutrient-rich feedstocks that are subsequently recycled back into the production cycle. This study reviews the use and applicability of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) in many industries, including food, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and more, in order to investigate their potential in circular production systems. This insect is highly versatile and has the potential to replace other sources of nutrients and other vital components, but its adoption and acceptability are currently hampered by a number of behavioral and legislative issues. The majority of plastics made from petroleum do not biodegrade in the environment. Research on the biodegradation of plastics by insects was prompted by observations of damage, penetration, and ingestion of plastics by insects and their larvae. More investigation is required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the fast biodegradation of PS and PE. It is probable that intestinal microbial activities and the host digestive system work in concert to produce this effect. This review's primary goal is to examine insects' potential from a circular economy standpoint, with a particular emphasis on mealworm larvae. This research will also help to mitigate climate change by lowering soil contamination.
Prevalence and Trend of Urinary Schistosomiasis in West Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Adedze-Kpodo Robert Kwashie , Ewusie Ebenezer Ato , Odonkor Stephen Tawiah
Published: January 2024

Background: Urinary schistosomiasis remains a major cause of public health concern with the global burden predominant in Sub-Sahara Africa. Over 78 countries are affected and approximately 800 million people are exposed to the disease in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounting for 90% of cases and an estimated 280,000 deaths each year. The disease poses a substantial public health challenge causing an estimated 70 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years. There is however no consolidated data on the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in West Africa.

Aim: This study assessed the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in West Africa.

Methods: This research employed a systematic literature review to meticulously gather and analyze existing data, with the primary aim of establishing the weighted prevalence of S. haematobium infection in West Africa rigorously adhering to the PRISMA guidelines between March 1 and March 12, 2023, spanning key databases including MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Prevalence metrics were presented using proportion. Random effects model was used as significantly large heterogeneity was observed among the studies. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects method was used as the between study variance estimator in estimating the pooled proportion estimate and its confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger’s test and the Beggs test as well as funnel plots. The MedCalc statistical software version 14 and OpenMeta [Analyst] meta-analysis tools were used for the meta-analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: This review included 133 articles out of which 91 (68.40%) representing the majority were contributed by Nigeria. Overall, this review comprised 126508 participants out of which 40019 were identified to be infected with S. haematobium. The pooled prevalence based on the random effect model was 37.6% (95%CI: 33.9% - 41.3%). Pooled prevalence rates of 41.4% (95% CI: 36.1% - 46.7%), 40.2% (95% CI: 24.7% – 55.6%) and 23.9% (95% CI: 16.8% - 30.9%) were recorded among rural, suburban and urban dwellers respectively. A meta regression analysis revealed a significantly decreasing trend in the prevalence of schistosomiasis with advancement in year of publication (Coeff. -0.007, p=0.004).

Conclusion: The result from this study highlights the positive impact of control measures instituted in fighting urinary schistosomiais in West Africa. Targeted interventions, especially in rural areas may further aid in the elimination of the schistosomiasis menace in the subregion. Age-specific disparities underscore the need for tailored approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of sustained control measures and continued research to achieve long-term disease reduction and, ultimately, elimination.
Population Dynamics and Sustainable Management of the Blue Runner Caranx crysos (Mitchill,1815) within Côte d’Ivoire’s Coastal Waters
Authors: Bakari Coulibaly , Léonard Tah , Soumaila Sylla , Tidiani Kone , Paul Kouamelan Essétchi
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives: The blue runner Caranx crysos is exploited by artisanal marine fisheries but the knowledge on its population dynamic, is still sketchy. The present work was conducted to obtain information on population parameters and assess the stock of the species within Côte d’Ivoire’s coastal waters.

Methodology: Fish were caught using gill nets in several sampling sites and then measured to the nearest mm and weighted to the nearest g. Data on fish length measurement were recorded during the period from April 2022 to May 2023, followed by the analysis of the recorded values with FiSAT.

Results: The asymptotic length (L∞), the growth rate (K), the growth performance index (Ø'), the theoretical age (t0) and the maximum age (Tmax) obtained from length frequency data were 38.85 cm, 0.70 per year, 3.02, -0.12 year and 4.18 year respectively. From the study the total mortality rate (Z) estimated was 2.33 year-1, the natural mortality rate (M) was 1.75 year-1 and fishing mortality (F) was 0.58 year-1. The current level of the exploitation rate (E) and the maximum exploitation rate (E max) were estimated as 0.25 and 0.42 respectively indicating a low exploitation of Caranx crysos within Côte d’Ivoire’s coastal waters.

Conclusion: Although Caranx crysos was underfished, fishing effort must be carefully monitored as well as a policy of adherence to conventional mesh sizes for responsible management of the fishery.
Speed Breeding: One of the Rapid Generation Advancement Approaches
Authors: Shinde C. S.  , Nishtha  , Salunke A. J.  , Deshmukh V. V.
Published: January 2024

Speed breeding is a cutting-edge breeding method with the potential to revolutionize the agricultural industry. Speed breeding significantly reduces the time it takes for crops to mature, enabling the production of several generations each year. This is accomplished by adjusting environmental conditions like temperature, light quality, and photoperiod duration. Researchers and breeders can create new crop varieties with desired features more quickly thanks to this faster breeding procedure. Compared to conventional breeding techniques, speed breeding has a number of benefits. It makes it simpler to generate improved cultivars with higher yield, disease resistance, and other desirable qualities since it enables the swift evaluation and selection of plant attributes. Speed breeding speeds up the breeding process, allowing scientists to adapt to shifting environmental factors and developing agricultural problems more quickly. While speed breeding offers tremendous potential, there are also limitations and challenges associated with its implementation. Factors such as plant species, specific traits, and optimal growth conditions need to be carefully considered. This system involves manipulation of growing conditions by different ways, here three of the methods are described. As the population of world is increasing day by day so to overcome the risk of global food security and to cope with such future problems, such rapid crop improvement approaches need to be implemented. Speed breeding approach is an old concept but its implementation in the field of breeding has not been exploited to a greater extent. However, ongoing advancements in technology and further research is likely to overcome these challenges, making speed breeding an increasingly valuable tool for crop improvement in the future.
Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in F2 Segregating Population of Cross RNR-15048 x Dokra-Dokri in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Kumar Margam Bharath , Vidyadhar B. , Anuradha Ch. , Chary D. Srinivasa , Aravind A. , Madhuri M. , Sahithi M. , Meghana J. , Himaja N. , Dileep G. D.  , Chaithanya K. , Fiyaz R. Abdul
Published: January 2024

The present experiment was conducted to study the variability, heritability and genetic advance in F2 segregating population derived from the cross, RNR-15048 x Dokra-Dokri, evaluated in augmented design with two checks at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad during the Kharif-2022. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant differences for all eleven traits examined, indicating the presence of genetic variation between the individuals studied. Higher values of Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were observed for panicle weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, total grains per panicle, and single plant yield. Least difference was observed between PCV and GCV value for almost all the traits indicating the little influence by the environment and possibility for genetic improvement of these traits through selection. The traits plant height, panicle weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, total grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, thousand grain weight and single plant yield recorded high heritability (>60%) associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean (>20) resulting in no environmental influence on the expression and selection for improvement of such characters could be worthwhile. High heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for panicle length propounding non-additive gene action in their inheritance suggesting heterosis breeding could be useful for improving these traits. Overall high PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and high genetic advance as percent of mean was noticed for panicle weight, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, total grains per panicle, and single plant yield suggesting significant amount of variability with predominance of additive type of gene action. Hence, direct phenotypic selection.
Investigating the Role of Fe‐Pyrrolic N4 Configuration in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction via Covalently Bound Porphyrin Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Li Qi , Xu Yue , Pedersen Angus , Wang Mengnan , Zhang Mi , Feng Jingyu , Luo Hui , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Jones Christopher R.
Published: January 2024

Atomically dispersed iron–nitrogen–carbon catalysts are promised, low‐cost, and high‐performance electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, most Fe–N–C materials are produced via pyrolysis at a high temperature and it is difficult to characterise the precise Fe–N configurations. This can lead to confusion surrounding the best chemical and coordination environment for Fe and understanding the subsequent ORR mechanisms. In this work, Fe porphyrin is used to produce a specific Fe–N environment, therefore allowing the role and activity of this environment to be studied. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are covalently functionalized with iron 5,10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) motifs via aryl diazonium methodology, enabling the exact role of only the Fe‐Pyrrolic N4 configuration of FeTPP in ORR to be studied and better understood. Upon covalent functionalization, a high electrochemical active site density of 1.12 × 1015 sites cm−2, approximately six‐fold more than that of noncovalently functionalized samples with 12.7% electrochemical active site. The heightened active site density and superior electrochemical active site utilization (12.7%) lead to the more favorable 4‐electron pathway for the ORR. Furthermore, a preliminary discussion regarding the selectivity of the ORR pathway is initiated.
Hierarchically Structured Hydrogel Composites with Ultra‐High Conductivity for Soft Electronics
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Xu Xiaoyun , Tan Renjie , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Ke , Hu Jinlian
Published: January 2024

Conductive hydrogels possessing high conductivity, stretchability, and biocompatibility are promising materials for underwater devices and bioelectronics. However, typical hydrogels often exhibit low electrical conductivity, which is insufficient for applications requiring high electronic communication. A common approach to increase hydrogel conductivity is to introduce conductive fillers; however, this usually implies a partial sacrifice of stretchability, biocompatibility, and water content. In addition, the electrical properties of hydrogels tend to be unstable due to rehydration in aqueous environments. In this study, a conductive hydrogel composite is fabricated from silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) employing a synergistic method of freezing and salting‐out treatments. This combined method constructs a hierarchical hydrogel structure and increases the local concentration of AgNWs by inducing continuous phase separation. The resultant conductive hydrogel composites exhibit ultra‐high electrical conductivity (≈1739 S cm−1) and electrical stability in aqueous environments while maintaining high water content (≈87%), stretchability (≈480%), and excellent biocompatibility. To illustrate the capabilities of the conductive hydrogel composites, they are applied to bionic sharks, underwater soft circuitry, and electrocardiogram electrodes.
On‐Chip Direction‐Multiplexed Meta‐Optics for High‐Capacity 3D Holography
Authors: Li Zhe , Liu Yang , Zhang Chen , Qiao Yuqi , Deng Rong , Shi Yangyang , Li Zhongyang
Published: January 2024

Metasurfaces are recently incorporated with waveguides for in‐plane wave manipulation and extraction, enhancing the capability and design flexibility of integrated photonic devices. However, the unique guided‐wave‐driven scheme poses challenges in achieving multiplexed functionality for on‐chip integrated metasurfaces. Here, an on‐chip direction‐multiplexing strategy is proposed and demonstrated for high‐capacity 3D multiplane projection in free space. By exploring and utilizing the direction‐dependence of the guided‐wave‐driven detour phase manipulation, a 16‐channel on‐chip holography is realized with different images independently encoded at distinct z planes for all four illumination directions. Moreover, the on‐chip full‐space 3D holography is demonstrated by exploiting the conjugated relation of the optical responses driven by the opposite on‐chip illuminations, enabling observation of a total of 16 holographic images in full‐space. The demonstrated on‐chip direction‐multiplexed holography exhibits low background noise or crosstalk and offers high information density and quality, which shows promise for practical applications in data storage, 3D display, and virtual/augmented reality.
Simultaneously Generating Redox Mediator and Hybrid SEI for Lithium–oxygen Batteries by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Ring‐opening Reaction of Organic Iodine
Authors: Wang Qian‐Yan , Zheng Meng‐Ting , Gao Meng‐Lin , Liao Ya‐Ling , Zhang Xiao‐Ping , Fan Cong , Chen Wei‐Rong , Lu Jun
Published: January 2024

Facing high overpotential, severe Li corrosion and degradation of electrolytes caused by the reactive oxygen species, the development of lithium–oxygen batteries is seriously limited. Although the iodine species have been considered to be effective redox mediators (RMs) for lowering the charging overpotential, the shuttling of oxidized I3− may attack the Li metal anode, compromising the number of RMs, cycling stability and energy efficiency. Here the intend to introduce 3‐Iodooxetane (C3H5OI, IOD) into TEGDME‐based electrolyte to form a protective SEI layer on the Li surface for defending against the attack of I3−. However, the iodine in IOD is found difficult to dissociate. To solve this problem, hard Lewis acid, aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is proposed as the catalytic agent for dissociating the I− and triggering the ring‐opening reaction of the detached C3H5O+ ions. The former can dissociate redox couple I3−/I− while the latter can form oligomers or polymers under the attack of a nucleophile. Meanwhile, AlCl3 can form Al2O3 and LiCl inorganic species. Taking together, the introduction of IOD and AlCl3 into electrolytes can effectively derive reduced overpotential and in situ SEI layers consisting of flexible organics and rigid inorganics, endowing lithium–oxygen batteries over 150 cycles with significantly enhanced stability and lifespan.
Flexible Film Constructed by Asymmetrically‐Coordinated La1N4Cl1 Moieties on Interconnected Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Nanocages for High‐Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Shi Yanan , Ma Zheng , Zhang Xiao , Yan Feng , Zhao Yingying , Zhu Chunling , Chen Yujin
Published: January 2024

The microenvironments of metal single‐atoms (SAs) have important effects on their physicochemical properties. However, the understanding of the relationship between the coordination configuration of SAs and their properties is insufficient. Here, a sacrificing template strategy is developed to anchor La‐SAs on interconnected graphene nanocages (La‐N‐Cl/GNC), where La‐SAs are located above the graphene plane and one La atom coordinated with four N atoms in the graphene plane and with one Cl atom along the axial direction. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that asymmetrically La‐SAs are more conducive to breaking local charge symmetry. Consequently, additional electrical dipoles along the axial direction are generated, leading to unprecedented dipolar polarization loss and strong electromagnetic wave absorption properties. Moreover, the film constructed by asymmetrically‐coordinated La‐N‐Cl/GNC with a mass density of 0.084 g cm−3 exhibits superior flexibility, excellent mechanical strength, and moderate thermal insulation properties, guaranteeing its practical applications in harsh environments. These findings not only shed light on the relationships between asymmetrically coordinated SAs and their dielectric properties at the atomic level but also provide an efficient method for preparing multifunctional films.
Defect Strategy‐Regulated MoSe2‐Modified Self‐Supporting Graphene Aerogels Serving as Both Cathode and Interlayer of Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhai Shengjun , Ye Zimujun , Liu Ran , Xu Hongyuan , Li Changwen , Liu Weiyi , Wang Xianbao , Mei Tao
Published: January 2024

The severe shuttle effect and the sluggish redox reaction kinetics are the two most urgent issues with lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs). In this work, Se vacancy‐rich molybdenum selenide‐modified graphene aerogels are designed to serve as both cathode host (MoSe2‐x@GA/S) and freestanding interlayers (MoSe2‐x@GA) for LSBs. The graphene network‐supported binder‐free sulfur host maximizes electron conductivity/Li+ migration rate and alleviates bulk expansion. The defect‐rich MoSe2‐x with sulfiphilic‐lithiophilic properties accelerates the nucleation and dissociation of Li2S, while the insertion of a bifunctional interlayer not only facilitates the adsorption and conversion of polysulfides but also regulates the uniform lithium deposition and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the assembled MoSe2‐x@GA/S+interlayer electrode obtains good feedback in terms of capacity enhancement and cycling stability, possessing a high initial discharge capacity of 1256.9 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C and a slow decay ratio of 0.024% per cycle at a high current density of 1 C after 1000 long‐term cycling, and achieve high specific capacity (720.6 mA h g−1) at high sulfur loading (4.8 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (5.5 µL mg−1) conditions. This insightful work contributes new ideas for the design of binder‐free sulfur host and the application of defective electrocatalytic engineering.
Electrochromic Reflective Displays Based on In Situ Photo‐Crosslinked PEDOT:PSS Patterns
Authors: Yang Guojian , Fan Junpeng , Zhang Kai , Gu Chang , Li Jing , Kang Kai , Xiang Chaoyu , Qian Lei , Zhang Ting
Published: January 2024

Electrochromic (EC) technology is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation reflective displays, owing to its advantages of outstanding color adjustability, low energy consumption, vivid color, and flexibility, etc. However, current EC reflective displays are seriously restricted by the complicated and expensive patterned methods. Herein, a facile and low‐cost route is developed to achieve the EC reflective displays, which is fabricated based on the combination of an easily‐obtained EC material of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and an efficient photo‐crosslinked additive (2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐diol, HDDO). The micrometer‐scale patterns (<50 µm) can be achieved by the in situ photo‐crosslinked process. As‐prepared EC devices show great performances containing fast response (<0.5 s), good reversibility (>10 000 cycles) and high coloration efficiency (274.75 cm2 C−1). More importantly, the applications in the EC logo, QR code, and price tag are demonstrated successfully. Overall, the current exploration suggests an efficient, low‐cost, and facile method to produce patterned EC devices with high performance, which can undoubtedly promote the further development and application of EC reflective displays.
Activation‐Induced Senescent Cell Death based on Chiral CoHAu Nanoassemblies with Enantioselective Cascade‐Catalytic Ability
Authors: Li Si , Wang Fang , Xing Xinhe , Yue Xiaoyong , Sun Shan , Lin Hengwei , Xu Chuanlai
Published: January 2024

Chirality is common in nature, which determines the high enantioselectivity of living systems. Selecting suitable chiral configurations is of great meaning for nanostructures to function better in biological systems. In this study, chiral Co3O4‐H2TPPS‐Au (CoHAu) nanoassemblies are constructed to accelerate the production ∙OH by consuming D‐glucose (D‐Glu, widely spread in nature) based on their outstanding enantioselective cascade‐catalytic abilities. In particular, D‐CoHAu nanoassemblies are more effective in the catalytic conversion of D‐Glu than L‐CoHAu nanoassemblies. This phenomenon is due to the stronger binding affinity of D‐CoHAu nanoassemblies indicated by the lower Km value. Moreover, D‐CoHAu nanoassemblies display excellent consumption‐ability of D‐Glu and production of ∙OH in living cells, which can eliminate senescent cells effectively based on their intracellular enantioselective cascade‐catalysis. This research establishes the foundation for bio‐mimicking nanostructures with unique functionalities to regulate abnormal biological activities better.
Electroluminescence, Mechanoluminescence, and Triboelectric from Superior Multimode Systems Based on Flexible Hydrogels for Human Motion Sensing
Authors: Yu Yongjie , Xu Haibo , Song Enhai , Peng Dengfeng , Han Keyu , Xu Shiqing , Bai Gongxun
Published: January 2024

Flexible sensors have attracted extensive research interest due to their great application potential in biodetection, flexible display, and wearable devices. However, they still have a lot of room for improvement in terms of luminous color, flexibility, and self‐powered systems. A wearable, antifreeze, and discoloration sensing system based on electroluminescence, mechanoluminescence, and tribo‐power generation is developed in this paper. Triboelectric nanogenerator systems can harvest biomechanical energy from hand clapping and knee/elbow bending to generate real‐time electrical signals. The use of dielectric materials reduces the initial voltage and frequency of light‐emitting devices, enabling them to be driven by Triboelectric nanogenerators. At the same time, the device can produce red, blue, white, and other multicolor light. In addition, the system can produce an optical signal output due to external mechanical stimulation. As a result, the sensor system is simple to manufacture and unique to operate, proving its potential applications in areas such as cold‐resistant displays, wearable optoelectronics, soft robotics, and electronic skin.
High‐performance Self‐powered Ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared Broadband Photodetectors Based on Sb2Se3/TiO2 Heterojunctions and Multifunctional Applications
Authors: Gao Songyao , Xu Jianping , Shi Shaobo , Chen Jing , Xu Jianghua , Kong Lina , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Lan
Published: January 2024

High‐performance broadband photodetectors (PDs) are essential components in spectroscopy, remote sensing, imaging, and light communication applications. In this paper, Sb2Se3 nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly deposited on TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRs) to construct a type II heterojunction with good interfacial contact by a simple two‐step potentiostatic electrochemical deposition method combined with N2 atmosphere annealing at 280, 290 and 300 °C to control the amount of Se in Sb2Se3. A good interfacial contact between Sb2Se3 and TiO2 is conducive to the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers. Sb2Se3/TiO2 PDs exhibit excellent self‐powered photoresponse in a broad spectral range from ultraviolet‐visible‐near infrared (UV‐VIS‐NIR) due to the combined effects of high light absorption, low defect density, and more suitable band alignment. The optimal parameters with a responsivity of 13.48 A W−1, detectivity of 7.9 × 1011 Jones, and response time of 18/20 µs are demonstrated for the PDs annealed at 290 °C. The excellent performance broadband Sb2Se3/TiO2 PDs are used to construct the application models in the light communication for light encryption and  flaw detection. This work opens up a new strategy for Sb2Se3/TiO2 PDs in multifunctional applications.
Deep Learning Design for Multiwavelength Infrared Image Sensors Based on Dielectric Freeform Metasurface
Authors: Xiong Bo , Xu Yihao , Li Wenwen , Ma Wei , Chu Tao , Liu Yongmin
Published: January 2024

Near‐infrared multispectral imaging technology enhances target detection and recognition by distinguishing the spectral characteristics of various targets. However, traditional imaging systems heavily rely on complex optical filter designs that are often bulky and mechanically unstable, posing significant challenges for miniaturization and integration challenging. In this study, a freeform dielectric metasurface with the wavelength‐multiplexing focusing effect based on a deep learning model is designed, which can separate the mixed near‐infrared light into distinct wavelengths. To effectively modulate the complex amplitude of the transmitted light at three distinct near‐infrared wavelengths (1150, 1350, and 1550 nm), high‐index silicon freeform nanostructures supporting rich resonant modes are proposed. An inverse design model based on deep learning is utilized to generate individual freeform nanostructures pixel by pixel, satisfying the complex amplitude requirement for a multiplexed metalens design. Both the simulated and experimental results show that the wavelength‐multiplexing effect of the devices is in good agreement with the target with negligible crosstalk. Finally, a metasurface is employed to realize near‐infrared multispectral imaging, which allows for the distinct detection and decoding of images at the three target wavelengths. The proposed technology has a wide range of applications in clinical medicine, biological tissue imaging, and deep‐space exploration.
Vertical Van Der Waals Epitaxy of p‐MoxRe1‐Xs2 on GaN for Ultrahigh Detectivity Uv–vis–NIR Photodetector
Authors: Jiang Zhongwei , Zhou Jie , Li Bo , Ma Zhengweng , Huang Zheng , Yang Yongkai , Zhang Yating , Huang Yeying , Zhang Huile , Fan Kangkai , Li Yu , Liu Xinke
Published: January 2024

van der Waals (vdW) heterogeneous integration and doping engineering have emerged as crucial factors in advancing the development of functional device systems. This work presents a fully vertical 2D/3D vdW stacking p‐MoxRe1‐xS2/GaN (x = 0.10 ± 0.02) heterojunction photodetector, integrating multiple strategies for enhanced performance, such as mixed‐dimensional stacking, p‐type doping, vertical device design, and type‐II band alignment. By integrating horizontal, vertical, and quasi‐vertical devices on a Free‐standing (FS)‐GaN substrate, the vertical p‐MoxRe1‐xS2/GaN device demonstrates superior performance, including high Ilight/Idark ratio (1.48 × 106), large Responsivity (888.69 AW−1), high specific detectivity (D*) (6.13 × 1014 Jones), and fast response speed (rise/decay time of 181 ms/259 ms). Moreover, the spectral response encompasses the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near‐infrared (NIR) regions through energy band integration and bandgap modulation. This design surpasses previous devices, highlighting the potential of highly sensitive and micro‐integrated optoelectronic devices enabled by vertical vdW heterogeneous integration.
In Situ Glass Crystallization Enables Narrowband Blue Luminescence for Full‐Spectrum Lighting and Transparent Display
Authors: Li Xinyue , Feng Weigang , You Fengluan , Pang Tao , Zhu Jiwen , Lin Jidong , Fang Yongzheng , Chen Daqin
Published: January 2024

Currently, narrowband light‐convertor is critically urgent for preeminent color representation in lighting and display fields, however, the development of target materials still remains challenging. Herein, glass ceramic (GC) composite based on in situ glass crystallization, where the condense glass network structure acts as effective obstructors for long distance ion diffusion, is elaborately designed to inhibit activators’ multi‐sites occupation for acquiring narrowband emitting. Following this strategy, an unprecedented narrowband blue emission of Eu2+‐activators with a peak at 447 nm and full‐width of half maximum (FWHM) of ≈30 nm is developed in a new type of Sr5(PO4)3Cl (SPOCl) GC composite. The Eu2+‐activators’ hindered diffusion inside the GC composite makes preferential and limit occupation of the [Sr1O9] sites, enabling narrowband blue luminescence. Furthermore, the GC composite highlights remarkable performance in high‐power violet‐excitable full‐spectrum lighting and transparent display (TD) prototype fields, due to its high color purity (≈98.1%), photoluminescence quantum field (PLQY, ≈80.5%) and thermal stability (≈82.1%@150 °C). This work not only promotes the profound understanding of the relationship between light manipulation and glass crystallization, but also paves the way toward the implementation of high‐quality lighting and display of GC composites.