bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive and Dominant Loci Jointly Pyramiding the Grain Quality of Hybrid Rice
Authors: Li Lanzhi , Zheng Xingfei , Wang Jiabo , Zhang Xueli , He Xiaogang , Xiong Liwen , Song Shufeng , Su Jing , Diao Ying , Yuan Zheming , Zhang Zhiwu , Hu Zhongli
Published: April 2022

Hybrid rice has an advantage in its heterosis, resulting in high yield and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, genetic improvement of grain quality is more challenging in hybrid rice than in inbred rice due to additional complexity, such as the dominant effect. It is critical to identify a path to efficiently develop inbreds and identify their superior crosses for hybrid production. Here, we developed a pipeline for joint analysis of phenotypes, effects, and generations (JPEG) and analysed 113 inbred varieties as male parents, five tester varieties as female parents, and their 565 (113×5) hybrid testcrosses for 12 grain quality traits, including grain length and width, chalkiness, and amylose content. A total of 1,619,588 single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained for the parent varieties and inferred for the hybrids using whole-genome sequencing with an average sequencing depth of 11×. Genome-wide association studies with JPEG identified 128 loci associated with at least one of the 12 traits. There were 44 and 97 loci with additive and dominant effects, respectively, including 13 overlaps. Among the 128 associated loci, 42 loci are located in or near (< 200 kb) 17 known genes. Pyramiding genetic loci with additive and/or dominant effects in genomic selection dramatically improves the accuracy of predicting hybrid performances. More than 45% of genetic variation was explained by the identified markers for all traits except one (30%). These results demonstrate that pyramiding genetically identified additive and dominant loci can afford substantial power for predicting hybrid performances, presenting opportunities to identify superior crosses from existing phenotypes and genotypes of inbreds and hybrids.
Analysis of NITI AAYOG (National Institution for Transforming India) health index report on the ranking of states and union territories: A cross sectional observational research study Round 1 (2014 – 2016)-V1
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Anupama Advocate
Published: April 2022

India has committed to adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all to be fulfilled by year 2030. Goal 3 of SDGs is about ensuring healthy lives with promoting well-being for all. National Institution for Transforming India- (NITI) Aayog had started the Health Index initiative for achieving desirable health outcomes. The key objective of the whole exercise is to track development on health, to develop healthy competition and cross learning among states and UTs. Health Index Scores and rankings are generated to assess Incremental Performance (year-to-year progress) and Overall Performance of state/UT for achievement of health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as well as Universal Health Coverage (UHC). This novel study was a cross-sectional retrospective observational epidemiological study. The Health Index consists of a set of indicators in the domains of Health Outcomes, Governance and Information, and Key Inputs/Processes. Health Outcomes are assigned the highest weight, indicators were selected on the basis of their importance and availability of reliable data at least annually from pre- existing data sources such as the Sample Registration System (SRS), Civil Registration System (CRS) and Health Management Information Systems (HMIS). Data on indicators is included for Index calculations only after validation by the IVA.
A Newtonian Alternative To Special Relativity
Authors: Samuel Eric A.
Published: April 2022

This paper offers elegant Newtonian explanations for key experiments that support special relativity (SR). Rossi’s high altitude µ-meson measurements are shown to accurately reveal µ-meson flight times between known altitudes, consistent with µ-meson speeds of up to 20 c, thus contradicting SR’s universal speed limit concept. The speed-limited E‑field and spiral H-field trajectories of electrons are explained classically by augmenting the Lorentz force with a flux-proportional radiation damping Lentz force: F = (eE + e v x B ) - [(e/c) (v ∙E) E/|E| + e α (B x v x B)/|B|]In the above model, an electron in an E-field reaches a terminal velocity of c when its Lorentz motive and radiation damping forces are equally opposed. The spiral trajectories of charged particles in H-fields are shown to be due to the progressive radiation dampening of their tangential velocities while their Lawrence cyclotron frequencies remain unaffected. The remarkable experiments of Ives and Stillwell, and of Kundig are re-interpreted as being due to impulsive momentum transfer to photons emitted from accelerating molecules or nuclei. However, the impulsive momentum transfer time is a fraction of the photon emitter lifetime that is proportional to the characteristic light transit time. SR’s time-dilatation formulation is shown to be theoretically flawed because: (i) both its postulates are traceable to Newton’s Corollary V, in which time and mass invariance are implicit, and (ii) SR’s unjustified expectation of an inertial frame outcome for a non-inertial experimental design that places observer and apparatus in separate frames; a simple solution by Galilean velocity transformation proves no time dilation. Additionally, SR’s time dilation formulation is ambiguous for rotations and wave-clock types. Replacing the light clock with a sonar clock also leads to ambiguous time dilations and an unlikely upper speed limit. Consequently, Newton’s laws alone are sufficient to fully explain the experimental data that are now believed to support SR.
Duration of untreated illness in Obsessive compulsive disorder and its associated factors
Authors: Osman Abdelgadir H. , Ibnauf Anas
Published: April 2022

Background Many well-cited reasons hinder early detection and treatment of mental disorders, leading to variable periods before effective treatment is administered. Conceptually, this is known as the duration of untreated illness (DUI). In most functional psychotic illnesses, DUI has been found to relate to prognoses and sensitivity to treatment. The DUI is yet fully to be investigated in relation to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study examined a sample of 89 patients who presented with OCD over a span of one year and who were treated at a clinic in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan. We examined the mean DUI before the patients received an effective psychiatric intervention. We also gauged different socio-demographic and clinical presentations associated with DUI.Results The sample consisted of 55 male (61.8%) and 34 female patients (38.2%). Around 75% were single (N = 67); 34 participants (38.2%) were students; 28 (31.5%) were employed; and 27 (30.3%) were unemployed. The mean age of the participants was 27.12 years (SD ± 8.72) and the mean age at the first onset of the disorder was 21.72 years (SD ± 7.51). The mean of DUI was 5.41 years (SD ± 5.53). There was no significant difference in DUI in respect of age or gender. It was significantly longer in unemployed patients (7.59 years ± 5.93) than in employed (6.37 years ± 6.64) or students (2.88 years ± 2.59); p = .002. Married OCD patients had a longer DUI than single patients.Conclusion The present study highlighted a considerable delay before OCD patients received effective treatment. Although many intractable cultural and socioeconomic factors were tested, the strongest associations were found to be unemployment and marital status.
Resurgence of Pertussis -- The Resurgence of a Vaccine-Preventable Disease in China
Authors: Luo Yizhe , Zhu Changqiang , Lv Heng , Wu Yifan , Nie Danyue , Ai Lele , Ye Fuqiang , Li Jiaqiao , Wu Jiahong , Tan Weilong
Published: April 2022

Background
In 2017, pertussis made a comeback in China. Altogether, 10 390 cases were reported, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.7530 cases per 100 000 people, the most in 24 years.
Methods
Using epidemiological data of pertussis cases in China from 1950 to 2021 extracted from the National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Surveillance System and the official website of the National Health Commission, we investigated the epidemic of pertussis in China in 2017. The data came from 31 provinces and regions in mainland China, including geographic, seasonality and patient demographic information.
Results
From 1950 to 2021, there was a cumulative total of 34703090 cases of pertussis. In 2017, 10390 cases were diagnosed, with the annual incidence of pertussis during the 2017–2021 surge is almost 2.5 times higher than the 1991–2016 period (1.1048 vs 0.4279 per 100 000; IRR 2.582, 95% CI 2.503 ~ 2.663; p < 0·0001) and peaked in 2019 (2·1947 per 100 000). In the past 71 years, the hardest hit regions the epidemic has increase from southern China towards northern China and spread to all provinces. The peak incidence is from July to August each year; most cases are children, with the highest annual incidence in 0-year-old children (16.983 per 100,000). In 2017, as compared with 2004 through 2016, incidence increased in younger infants and older children; the percentages of cases according to age group were as follows: 0 to 12 months, 10.23 percent from 2004 through 2016 and 60.86 percent from 2017 through 2018 (P < 0.05); 1 years to 2 years, 2.77 percent and 14.40 percent (P < 0.05); 2 to 6 years, 1.14 percent and 4.17 percent (P = 0.037).
Conclusions
Since the introduction of universal immunization in 1978, it took only 27 years from the control of the epidemic in 1990 to the recovery. Since the 2017 pertussis resurge in China occurred mainly in children who had been appropriately immunized, it is clear that the diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine failed to give full protection against the disease.
Dynamic Programming of the Stochastic 2D-Navier-Stokes Equations Forced by L’evy Noise
Authors: Mohan Manil T. , Sakthivel Kumarasamy , Srith Sivaguru S.
Published: April 2022

In this article, we study optimal feedback control synthesis of stochastic 2DNavier-Stokes equations perturbed L´evy type noise with distributed stochastic control process acting on the state equation. We use the dynamic programming approach to solve this control problem which involves the study of second order infinite dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation consisting of an integro-differential operator with L´evy measure associated with the stochastic control problem. Using the regularizing propertiesof the transition semigroup corresponding to the stochastic 2D Navier-Stokes equation, we obtain a smooth solution in weighted function space for the HJB equation and solve the resultant feedback control problem.
Risk Assessment of the Continuity of Essential Medications for Low Socioeconomic patients in Syria: A Case Study of Diabetes Mellitus.
Authors: Shaloul Lujain , Bouri Feras , Bsso Eman , Saleh Aya , Darwish Ebaa , Yaseen Lamiaa , Mustafa Ammar Muhamed , Hatahet Taher
Published: April 2022

Background
During the past decade, the health system in Syria has been devastated due to the ongoing conflict which affected the production of pharmaceuticals as well. Patients of chronic diseases, such as Diabetes Mellitus, were significantly affected by the shortages of oral anti-diabetic medications, especially those of lower socioeconomic status.
Aims
The aim of this paper is to study the causes and effects of the shortage in oral anti-diabetic agents in the Syrian market on patients with low socioeconomic status who find difficulties in accessing these medications.
Methods
The methodology of the study includes determining the availability of nationally produced oral anti diabetic agents in different local pharmacies. Then, it studied the effects of this availability on low socioeconomic status patients whom prescriptions were registered in a local NGO and analysed using Excel (Microsoft, USA).
Results
The study shows that many of the anti-diabetic medications included in the study have less than 50% availability in the pharmacies. Metformin, which is considered as a first-line treatment in diabetes has 40% availability. In addition, Metformin was the most prescribed medication with about 57% frequency followed by Gliclazide with 37% prescription’s frequency.
Conclusion
This study examines the availability of the most prescribed anti-diabetic medications in the Syrian market and highlights the most common challenges in the supply chain of medications due to sanction.
Super-enhancer associated nine-gene prognostic score model for prediction of survival in chronic lymphoic leukemia patients
Authors: Liang Xue , Meng Ye , Li Cong , Wang Yangyang , Pu Lianfang , Hu Linhui , Li Qian , Zhai Zhimin
Published: April 2022

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a group of highly heterogeneous mature B cell malignancy with various disease courses and diagnoses. Although there is a multitude of prognostic markers in CLL, insights into the role of super-enhancer(SE)-related risk indicators are still lacking. Super-enhancer(SE) is a novel concept drew in recent years which is a cluster of enhancers involved in cell differentiation and tumorigenesis ,and is one of the promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. The CLL-related super-enhancers in training database were processed by Lasso penalized Cox regression analysis to screen a nine-gene prognostic model including TCF7, VEGFA, MNT, GMIP, SLAMF1, TNFRSF25, GRWD1, SLC6AC, and LAG3. A SE-related risk score was further constructed and the predictive performance with overall survival and time-to-treatment (TTT) was satisfactory. Besides, a high correlation was found between the risk score and already known prognostic markers of CLL. Meantime, we noticed that the expression of TCF7, GMIP, SLAMF1, TNFRSF25, and LAG3 in CLL were different from healthy donors(P < 0.01), moreover, the risk score and LAG3 level of matched pairs before and after treatment samples varied significantly, although these results were not completely consistent in different datasets. An interactive nomogram consisting of the nine-gene risk group and four clinical traits was established. And the inhibitors of mTOR and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) were considered effective in patients of high-risk group according to the pRRophetic algorithm. Therefore, the SE-associated nine-gene prognostic model developed here may be used to predict the prognosis and assist in the risk stratification ,treatment of CLL patients in the future.
Neutral winds and tides over South Africa
Authors:   , Ojo Taiwo Theophilus
Published: April 2022

This thesis presents the first results of a climatology of nighttime thermospheric neutral winds between February 2018 and January 2019 measured by a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) in Sutherland, South Africa (32.2°S, 20.48°E; geomagnetic latitude: 40.7°S). This FPI measures the nighttime oxygen airglow emission at 630.0 nm, which has a peak intensity at an altitude of roughly 250 km. The performance of the Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) was evaluated by comparing results from HWM14 with the FPI measurements. The results showed that the model had a better agreement with the measurements for meridional component compared to the zonal component. In addition, the HWM14 zonal wind consistently peaked several hours (~3 h) prior to the measured wind, creating what looks like a phase shift compared to the measured wind. An investigation of this apparent phase shift revealed it to be a consequence of a difference in phase shift of the terdiunal tide. Since ionosondes are more prolific with wider temporal and spatial coverage than FPIs, nighttime meridional winds aligned to the magnetic meridian were inferred from the peak height (hmF2) of ionospheric data taken from South Africa ionosonde network using the servo model during February 2018-June 2019. These were compared with FPI measured meridional wind and benchmarked with HWM14 and Magnetic mEridional NeuTrAl Thermospheric (MENTAT) model. The amplitudes and trends of the calculated meridional winds across all four ionosonde stations agreed relatively well with the observed data, especially during the summer months. Furthermore, the results confirmed that the ionosonde station located closest to the FPI, i.e. Hermanus station, had better agreement with measurements compared to the stations located at further distances. The extraction and analysis of atmospheric tides, namely the diurnal, semidiurnal, terdiurnal and 6-hour components from the FPI as well as the long-term tidal winds variations from the thermospheric wind measurements were investigated. The results showed that the semidiurnal peak mostly had the highest peak across all the months, indicating that the semidiurnal tides dominate the dynamic structure of the upper mesosphere at midlatitudes, consistent with previous observation over midlatitudes. Futhermore, the signature of the diurnal tide in the meridional (zonal) wind was stronger in winter (summer) and weaker in summer (winter). Also, semidiurnal tide didn't show any trend with season, while the terdiurnal tide was dominant in summer (zonal) and winter (meridional). Lastly, the 6 hour tide was detected intermittently during the period of the study and had the weakest signature (i.e. lowest amplitudes).
Entre la “ética idealista” y el “empirismo de la vida”: notas en torno al concepto de “ideal” en el pensamiento ético-político del joven Carlos Astrada
Authors: Prestía Martín
Published: April 2022

El pensamiento juvenil de Carlos Astrada (1916-1927) está signado por una preocupación fundamental: la posibilidad, para el ser humano, de establecer nuevos “ideales” y “valores” capaces de suplantar a los viejos valores de la civilización capitalista. El propósito principal del presente trabajo radica en identificar los variados alcances que tiene el concepto de “ideal”. Tras un primer apartado en que se establecen algunas bases para considerar la filosofía de la vida subyacente a los desarrollos astradianos, el trabajo se divide en otros tres apartados que siguen la cronología de los textos del autor. En el primero se considera el lugar que tiene, para Astrada, el “ideal” como elemento operativo en la historia, para lo cual se indaga en la influencia que la filosofía de Jean-Marie Guyau ha tenido en su pensamiento, dimensión no advertida por la crítica. En el segundo se aborda la relación entre los conceptos de “ideal” y “vida”, y la impugnación que Astrada realiza de las posiciones “idealista” y “empirista”, a las que juzga igualmente unilaterales y estériles para pensar una ética acorde a los nuevos tiempos. En ese sentido, Astrada buscará una “posición intermedia” entre ambas perspectivas, que llamará “síntesis vital” y que estará posibilitada por un diálogo filosófico trazado, fundamentalmente, con Georg Simmel, Manuel García Morente, José Ortega y Gasset y Oswald Spengler. En el tercer apartado, por último, se analiza el ideal como elemento capaz de otorgar un sentido orientador al cúmulo creciente de las actividades humanas, signadas por la especialización, en una operación que puede interpretarse bajo la clave romántica de “recuperar” la Totalidad, que se considera perdida en la Modernidad. Para ello se dará cuenta del diálogo filosófico que Astrada establece con Georg Simmel y Rudolf Eucken.
Johan Ludvig Heiberg y su diagnóstico de la crisis de la época en la Edad de Oro de Dinamarca
Authors: Bravo Nassim
Published: April 2022

En este artículo examino el diagnóstico elaborado por Johan Ludvig Heiberg acerca de la crisis de su época, la llamada Edad de Oro de Dinamarca, en su obra de 1833 Sobre la importancia de la filosofía para la época presente. A pesar de que en los últimos tiempos se ha mostrado un mayor interés por el mundo intelectual de la Edad de Oro danesa, en gran parte debido a la vigencia de un pensador como Søren Kierkegaard, lo cierto es que se conoce poco o nada acerca de una de sus más importantes figuras, J. L. Heiberg. Con esto en mente, en el presente artículo intento arrojar luz sobre su figura y su pensamiento, especialmente su proyecto de utilizar la filosofía hegeliana para resolver la crisis cultural de su tiempo.
Melancolía, vulnerabilidad y “promesa política”. Campo político y campo psíquico en J. Butler
Authors: González Fisac Jesús
Published: April 2022

J. Butler se ha ocupado, desde sus primeros trabajos, de la política y del problema de la transformación social. Este interés ha estado vinculado con una fenomenología del campo (del campo del lenguaje, del cuerpo o del campo político propiamente dicho), pero su trabajo también ha estado vinculado con el psicoanálisis, con el que ha tenido un diálogo fructífero (especialmente con Freud y Lacan). En este trabajo muestro, en primer lugar, que el campo está marcado y recibe su necesaria movilidad por mor del exterior constitutivo. En segundo lugar, muestro que Butler hace una lectura de la psique more freudiano que interpreta como un campo atravesado por la economía de la melancolía. La melancolía no es un fenómeno psíquico más, sino una estructura y un acontecimiento fundamental de la psique y de su formación. Este acontecimiento inaugura un campo marcado por la ambivalencia entre la pérdida del Otro y la interpelación abierta al Otro, y por la vulnerabilidad, pues no se puede distinguir entre la actividad de la agencia y la pasividad de la receptividad. Esta indistinguibilidad o ambivalencia es pensada por Butler como el punto de partida para un modo distinto de hacer política.
El arraigo sensible a la tierra: el horizonte de crisis del mundo moderno y la apertura de la fenomenología del espacio público a la ecología en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Palomar Torralbo Agustín
Published: April 2022

Este trabajo plantea una reinterpretación del pensamiento político de Arendt desde la perspectiva ecológica en el contexto de la crisis que se abre con el surgimiento del mundo moderno. Para ello, en primer lugar, se describe esta situación de crisis a partir de las siguientes razones: la profunda transformación de la condición humana por la tecnología, el desplazamiento del sentido común y del conocimiento sensible por la ciencia y la posibilidad de aniquilación de la vida en la Tierra. En segundo lugar, se señala el camino por el que Arendt reconduce esta situación hacia una fenomenología del espacio público. Y, por último, el trabajo expone de qué modo en nuestro arraigo sensible a la tierra y en su modo de aparecer puede encontrarse el fundamento para que podamos hacernos cargo del cuidado de la vida sobre la Tierra en la esfera pública.
Comentario al artículo “Los dilemas políticos de las transformaciones de México: una aproximación filosófica”, de Virginia Aspe
Authors: Patiño Palafox Luis Aarón Jesús
Published: April 2022

El siguiente texto responde al artículo “Los dilemas políticos de las transformaciones de México: una aproximación filosófica”, de Virginia Aspe Armella, con el objetivo de discutir, desde la historia de la filosofía mexicana, algunas de las ideas desarrolladas por la autora, señalando tanto los aciertos de su planteamiento como algunos aspectos que ameritan mayor debate.
Individualidad y conciencia en Plotino
Authors: Hermoso Félix María Jesús
Published: April 2022

La cuestión de la individualidad en Plotino es una de las más debatidas. A lo largo de las Enéadas, la problemática del sujeto individual se ve atravesada por la complejidad en la comprensión del hombre y del alma. Al hombre inteligible, al hombre interior o primer hombre, viene a añadírsele un segundo hombre, de modo que “hemos llegado a ser el conjunto de ambos hombres” (En. VI 4 (22) 14.28-30). Esta cuestión ha sido extensamente tratada desde diferentes ángulos que desembocan bien en una solución puramente estructuralista, o bien, en su crítica y la búsqueda de una definición más estable de la identidad subjetiva. La tesis que defenderemos en este artículo, y que nos posicionará en el debate, trata de dar una nueva perspectiva de la cuestión arraigándola principalmente en el ámbito de la vida y sus formas. La continuidad entre los diferentes hombres vendrá determinada por la continuidad entre los diversos modos de la vida, cuestión primaria a la que se subordina la problemática de la individualidad y los diferentes modos de la conciencia.
Henry Thoreau: la pobreza voluntaria como ejercicio crítico en Walden
Authors: Clares Diego
Published: April 2022

El propósito de este artículo es defender una triple propuesta dentro de la ética expuesta por Henry Thoreau en Walden: (1) la definición de su concepción del lujo, a la luz de cómo se ha abordado el tema desde diferentes posiciones históricas y relevantes para la filosofía; (2) la reivindicación de la pobreza como concepto fundamental para la propuesta ética de Walden y el sentido de la economía thoreauviana, y (3) la lectura de Walden como un texto estructurado que se conduce desde las condiciones individuales de la vida humana hasta las necesidades sociales y culturales. Estos tres puntos quedarán enlazados a través del ejercicio crítico de pobreza voluntaria practicado por Thoreau, en el sentido de una duda pragmática sobre los hábitos y en busca de lo necesario para la vida.
INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND GROSS MOTOR CAPACITY IN CHILDREN WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1
Authors: ÇANKAYA Özge , SEL Sinem Asena , GÜRLER Gökçe , ALTUNBÜKER Hira , GÜNEL Mintaze
Published: April 2022

Purpose: To assess physical fitness, gross motor capacity, and their relationship in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Materials and Methods: Children with NF1 (n=40, age 6-17, mean 9.70±3.8 years) and typically developing children (TDC) (n= 28, age 5,5-17,5, mean 11.35±3.0 years) were evaluated by the six-minute walking test, sit-up test, sit-and-reach test, flamingo balance test and body mass index. Gross motor capacity was assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure D and E subdimensions.

Results: Physical fitness and gross motor capacity differed significantly between NF1 and TDC (p
Water surface profile in converging compound channel using gene expression programming
Authors: Naik Bandita , Kaushik Vijay , Kumar Munendra
Published: April 2022

Assessment of water surface profile in compound channels is essential for flood defence systems. Agriculture and development activities in floodplains affect the floodplain shape over the length, leading in a converging compound channel. Few laboratory investigations proved overbank flow in converging floodplains. Therefore, innovative and precise approaches are still in great demand. In this paper, new approach has been proposed to forecast the water surface profile of various compound channels with converging floodplains using gene expression programming (GEP). The models are constructed utilising pertinent experimental data from past studies. A new equation is devised to compute water surface profile in such channels using non-dimensional geometric and flow parameters such as converging angle, width ratio, relative distance, relative depth, aspect ratio and bed slope. The findings demonstrate that the GEP-derived water surface profile is in good correlation with the experimental data and data from other studies (R2 = 0.99 and RMSE = 0.028 for the training data and R2 = 0.99 and RMSE = 0.027 for the testing data). According to the results of statistically based investigations, the GEP model created for the study of compound channel flow is reliable and can be used in this domain.
Hydrological variation and hydro-sediment interrelation of the Luozha River in the Lancang River Basin
Authors: Li Zongyu , Sun Zhilin , Sun Lixia , Liu Jing , Xiong Wenhua , Dong Haiyang , Zheng Haolei
Published: April 2022

The research on water and sediment variations is of great importance for regional resource and watershed management. Studying the relationship between precipitation, runoff and sediment load, traditional methods are based on observational data fitted or artificial intelligence predictions, whose accuracy is directly dependent on the quality and quantity of the data. This paper developed a new approach for researching the relationship between precipitation, runoff and sediment load. Based on the sliding accumulative anomaly method, the M-K mutation analysis and the wavelet functions, variation of precipitation and runoff annually were discussed. The results indicated the annual variation trend of the precipitation and runoff have been consistent since 1969, both with a 28-year main cycle, and runoff variations were less subject to human influence in the Luozha River. Therefore, the formula of the relationship between annual runoff and sediment load can be obtained by integrating discrepancy in the magnitude of its variation in the natural state, which was verified by the observational data and was applicable to acquisition of annual sediment load. The current work broadens the current knowledge of recent changes in the Lancang River Basin and improves the recognition of the water-sediment interrelation in the river.
Demonstration study of bypass stabilization pond system in the treatment of eutrophic water body
Authors: Xu Jiefei , Huang Yongbing , Li Zhipeng , Ni Shang , Huang Fuyao , Jia Junzuo
Published: April 2022

This study involved a comprehensive renovation of fish ponds to improve the water quality of a eutrophic river in Dongguan City. The abandoned fish ponds were transformed into three different types of stabilization ponds: facultative, aerated biological, and submerged plant stabilization ponds. The water of the eutrophic section of the river was pumped into the facultative stabilization pond and discharged into the Haizai River through an aerated biological pond and a submerged plant pond. In the aerated biological pond, secondary treatment was carried out using plant zoning and artificial floating island aeration system. The submerged plant pond used fountain-type aeration and an underwater forest for tertiary treatment. After four months of monitoring the water quality of the stabilization pond and the river, the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) levels in the raw sewage reduced from 6.53 mg/L to 1.13 mg/L, 1.76 mg/L to 0.29 mg/L, and 63 mg/L to 22 mg/L, respectively; the transparency of water increased to 45 cm, and dissolved oxygen (DO) level increased to 5.32 mg/L. This study provides a reference for the ex-situ treatment of urban eutrophic waterbodies.
Construction and Validation of a Protein-associated Prognostic Model for
Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Miao Yandong , Mi Denghai , Mu Linjie , Chen Yonggang , Tang Xiaolong , Wang Jiangtao , Quan Wuxia
Published: April 2022

Background:

Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a prevalent and lethal malignant tumor. It
is obligatory to investigate innovative biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis. Proteins play a
crucial role in regulating the occurrence and progression of GIC. However, the prognostic value of
proteins is unclear in GIC.

Objective:

This paper aims to identify the hub prognosis-related proteins (PAPs) and construct a
prognosis model for GIC patients for clinical application.

Methods:

Protein expression data of GIC was obtained from The Cancer Proteome Atlas (TCPA) and
downloaded the clinicopathological data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA). Besides,
hub proteins were filtrated via univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Moreover, survival
analysis and nomogram were used to predict overall survival (OS). We used the calibration curves to
assess the consistency of predictive and actual survival rates. The consistency index (C-index) was
used to evaluate the prognostic ability of the predictive model. Furthermore, functional enrichment
analysis and protein co-expression of PAPs were used to explore their roles in GIC.

Results:

Finally, a prognosis model was conducted based on ten PAPs (CYCLIND1, DVL3, NCADHERIN,
SYK, ANNEXIN VII, CD20, CMET, RB, TFRC, and PREX1). The risk score calculated by
the model was an independent prognostic predictor. Compared with the high-risk subgroup, the low-risk
subgroup had better OS. In the TCGA cohort, the area under the curve value of the receiver operating
characteristic curve of the prognostic model was 0.692. The expression of proteins and risk score had a
significant association with the clinicopathological characteristics of GIC. Besides, a nomogram based
on GIC clinicopathological features and risk scores could properly predict the OS of individual GIC patients.
The C-index is 0.71 in the TCGA cohort and 0.73 in the GEO cohort.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that the risk score is an independent prognostic biomarker and is
related to the malignant clinical features of GIC patients. Besides, several PAPs associated with the
survival and clinicopathological characteristics of GIC might be potential biomarkers for GIC diagnosis
and treatment.
Suppression of Melanoma Growth in a Murine Tumour Model Using Orthosiphon
stamineus Benth. Extract Loaded in Ethanolic Phospholipid Vesicles (Spherosome)
Authors: Nazari V. Mansoureh , Mahmood Syed , Shah Amin Malik , Al-Suede Fouad Saleh Resq
Published: April 2022

Background:

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (O.S) is a traditional south-east Asian herb. The extract of O.S
is used in the formulation of ethanolic nanolipid vesicle system to have considerable potential for tumour therapeutics.

Method:

The research objective is to develop and characterise the anticancer and antiangiogenic effect of O.S extract
in the form of nano-ethanolic spherosomes (ESP) using phospholipids in melanoma. Spherosomes formulation
of O.S was developed using the thin-film re-hydration method and converted to gel using Acrypol 1%. The formulations
were subjected to optimisation and physical-chemical characterisations like particle size, surface charge, DSC,
FTIR, and TEM. Cytotoxicity of O.S and ESP was studied using an endothelial cell line (EA. hy926). Furthermore,
anti-melanoma effect of O.S spherosome gel was studied in albino mice after topical administration.

Results:

ESP-6 with the ratio of extract (O.S): cholesterol: phospholipid (1: 6: 0.5) showed the highest entrapment
efficiency (80.56 ± 0.84%) using ultraviolet spectroscopy. In-vivo permeation/penetration studies revealed deeper
absorption of ESP-6 compared to a hydroethanolic gel of O.S. In-vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma studies demonstrated
the significant tumour-suppressing effect of ESP-6 on murine melanoma. Percentage inhibition of tumour
growth by O.S and ESP-6 at 3000 mg/kg showed to be 63.98 ± 7.86% and 87.76 ± 7.90%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Spherosome vesicles were developed with a smooth surface. The results demonstrated that O.S extract
showed no toxicity when tested on the endothelial cell line. O.S loaded in spherosomes has the potential to lower the
growth of melanoma in mice. The spherosomes loaded with O.S do not promote tumour growth or act as antiangiogenetic
in melanoma.
Synthesis and Characterization of Curcumin Incorporated Multi Component
Nano-Scaffold with Enhanced Anti‐bacterial and Wound Healing
Properties
Authors: Reddy Desu Naveen Kumar , Huang Fu-Yung , Wu Yi-Ying , Kumar Ramya , Wong Chi-Cheng
Published: April 2022

Background:

Wound healing is one of the major challenges in chronic diseases; the current
treatment options are less effective with undesirable side effects and are expensive. Extensive research
is carried out to develop cost-effective, natural, biodegradable wound dressings that can reduce oxidative
stress and inflammation and prevent bacterial infections. Curcumin has a plethora of therapeutic
applications; however, its low solubility limits its clinical use.

Objective:

In this study, curcumin nanoparticles (Cur NP) and curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles (CCNP)
were incorporated into the chitosan collagen vanillin scaffold, characterized, and investigated their potential
wound healing properties.

Method:

The nano-scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying method and were characterized using
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and scanning
electron microscopy. The drug release, antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing properties were
assessed by in vitro assays.

Results:

Cur nano-scaffolds showed particle sizes of 195.9 nm and 110.6 nm for Cur NP+VC and
CCNP+VC, respectively. The curcumin encapsulated in the Cur NP+VC and CC+VC nano-scaffolds
showed a release profile of > 60% and an improved antioxidant activity of greater than 80%. The nanoscaffolds
were antagonistic against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and enhanced wound
healing capacity of 85.62 % and 77.05% in the murine cell line.

Conclusion:

The curcumin nano-scaffold is a biodegradable and effective drug delivery system for
topical use that can act as an antioxidant, facilitate wound healing, as well as prevent bacterial infections.
A Timeline of Ca2+/cAMP Signalling: From Basic Research to Potential
Therapeutics for Dementia
Authors: Bergantin Leandro B.
Published: April 2022

Background:

The hypothesis that a dyshomeostasis of Ca2+ increases the incidence of dementia
has been established. Several discoveries have emphasized the concept that a decrease in the
excess of Ca2+ could be an interesting pharmacological target to alleviate dementia symptoms. Aging
along with a healthy brain can be supported by daily exercise, self-control in caloric ingestion, and participation
in intellectually challenging events. These lifestyle factors may alleviate the excess of Ca2+
resulting from a Ca2+ dyshomeostasis. Curiously, epidemiological and clinical studies have also reported
a clinical relationship between hypertension, diabetes, and other inflammatory processes, and a higher
risk of cognition decline. Considering the cumulative data from the scientific literature, including
data of high evidence such as meta-analysis and systematic reviews, we can now link a Ca2+ dyshomeostasis
as an upstream factor for hypertension, diabetes and other inflammatory processes, and dementia.
Several reports have also indicated that increasing cAMP levels may induce neuroprotective outcomes,
thus alleviating dementia symptoms.

Methods:

With these concepts in mind, we found that the pharmacological manipulation of Ca2+/cAMP
signalling could be a novel plausible target to treat dementia. This article puts together fundamental
concepts and current therapies to treat dementia, including novel therapeutics coming from the pharmacological
manipulation of Ca2+/cAMP signalling.

Results:

Then, combined with improvements in the lifestyle issues, these novel therapeutics may allow
sustained improvements in the life quality of age-related neurological patients.

Conclusions:

In addition, considering coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving
field, this article also reviewed recent reports about Ca2+ channel blockers' role in restoring Ca2+ signalling
disruption due to COVID-19. Finally, this article also presents a timeline of the major events in
Ca2+/cAMP signaling.
Recent Development of Heterocyclic Compounds with Indazole Moiety as
Potential Antiparasitic Agents
Authors: Paul Abhik , Guria Tanmoy , Roy Puspita , Maity Arindam
Published: April 2022

Indazole is a vital nitrogen-containing heterocyclic unit in organic and medicinal chemistry research and a helpful precursor molecule for the production of various types of encirclement heterocycles. Indazole analogues are diverse pharmacological agents that can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, inflammation, infectious diseases, and neurological problems. In fact, the indazole moiety containing inhibitors also showed excellent medicinal properties for the treatment of parasitic diseases. Therefore, the development of new inhibitors has immense promise for usage as key components for the next generation as antiparasitic medication. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments of indazole-containing antiparasitic inhibitors, specially anti-protozoal, anti-fungal, and antiamoebic inhibitors, as well as their structure-activity relationship (SAR) findings for medicinal chemists who are searching for new preclinical parasitic drug candidates.
Recent Advances in Chemodosimeters Designed for Amines
Authors: Unaleroglu Canan , Teknikel Efdal
Published: April 2022

The analysis of amines has long been a very important task in science, industry, and healthcare. To date, this task has been accomplished by using expensive and time-consuming methods. Colorimetric and fluorescent chemodosimeters enable the fast, accurate and sensitive analysis of various species with inexpensive instruments or the naked eye. Accordingly, the studies on these probes have gained great momentum in the last 20 years. In this review, amine chemodosimeters developed in the last 10 years were investigated. The investigated chemodosimeters are metal-free structures based on small organic compounds. The strategies for the detection, differentiation, and quantification of amines were discussed by taking the reaction types into account.
Synthesis and Molecular Docking of New 1,2,3-triazole Carbohydrates with
COVID-19 Proteins
Authors: Hamadi Naoufel Ben , Guesmi Ahlem , Algathami Faisal K. , Khezami Lotfi , Nouira Wided , El-Fattah Wesam Abd
Published: April 2022

Aims:

With this aim, we have established this paper to recommend a novel way for the preparation of carbohydrates encompassing a 1,2,3-triazole motif that were prepared using an efficient click chemistry synthesis.

Background:

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus epidemic continues to spread at a fast rate worldwide. The main protease (Mpro) is a gorgeous target for anti-COVID-19 agents. Triazoles are frequently found in many bioactive products such as coronavirus inhibitors.

Objective:

Click reactions are facilitated via the activation of copper nanoparticles, different substrates have been tested using this adopted procedure given in all cases, in high yields and purity. Other interesting comparative docking analyzes will be the focus of this article. Calculations of quantitative structure-activity relationships will be studied.

Method:

Copper nanoparticles were produced by the reaction of cupric acetate monohydrate with oleylamine and oleic acid. To a solution 5-(azidomethyl)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-5H-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran 2 (200 mg, 0.72 mmol, 1 eq.) in toluene (15 mL) was added (1.5 eq.) of N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide derivatives 1a-d, copper nanoparticles (0.57 mg, 0.036 mmol, 0.05 eq.).

Result:

A novel series of 1,2,3-triazole carbohydrate skeletons were modeled and efficiently synthesized. Based on the observations of virtual screening established using molecular docking performed to identify novel compounds that can be able to bind with the protein structures of COVID-19 (PDB ID: 6LU7 and 6W41), we believed that the 1,2,3-triazole carbohydrate derivatives could aid in COVID-19 drug discovery.

Conclusion:

The formations of targeted triazoles were confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and CHN analysis). The docking scores of the newly synthesized triazole are maybe attributed to the presence of hydrogen bonds together with many interactions between the ligands and the active amino acid residue of the receptor. The comparison of the interactions of remdesivir drug and triazole in the largest pocket of 6W41 and 6LU7 is also presented.
Hypoalbuminemia Caused by Malnutrition and Total Joint Arthroplasties:
A Narrative Review
Authors: Bertolucci Leonardo Henrique , de Almeida Samantha Souza , da Silva Yasmin Podlasinski , Freitas Eduarda Correa , Galia Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2022

Background:

Albumin is the most abundant soluble protein in plasma, and it is a
widely used and low-cost marker for the diagnosis of malnutrition. The serum albumin level
below 35 g/L defines hypoalbuminemia.

Objective:

This review aims to discuss the role of albumin in the body, review hypoalbuminemia
associated with postoperative complications in total joint arthroplasty surgeries, and examine the
impact of nutritional interventions in malnutrition patients submitted to total joint arthroplasty.

Method:

This article is a narrative review of the literature.

Results:

Preoperative hypoalbuminemia has been identified as the only significant predictor for
surgical site infection and delayed wound healing after total joint arthroplasty. The postoperative
complications related to hypoalbuminemia are infection of the surgical site, pneumonia, length of
hospital stay, reintervention, and death. As a result, hypoalbuminemia is also associated with a
higher cost of hospitalization for patients.

Conclusion:

Hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition are causes of postoperative complications of
hip arthroplasty, and the control of these conditions can lead to better results in the postoperative
period.
Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the Treatment of Neurological
Disorders
Authors: Sharma Sonu
Published: April 2022

Different formulations of ashwagandha have been utilized for the treatment of neurological disorders. The present manuscript aimed to discuss various roles of Withaniasomnifera, (ashwagandha) in the treatment of neurological disorders. In the literature, several neuro-protective phyto-constituents of shwagandha have been reported, with important pharmacological effects in neurological and brain disorders such as anxiety, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and chizophrenia. Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and patents indicate that Withaniasomnifera has a wide range of potential as a neuroprotective in several neurological disorders. After a complete literature survey, it can be concluded that Withaniasomnifera has significant potential to treat neurological disorders.
Assessment of Radioactivity Concentration in Milk Samples Consumed in
Italy
Authors: Caridi Francesco , Venuti Valentina , Paladini Giuseppe , Belmusto Giovanna , Crupi Vincenza , Majolino Domenico
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:

Being highly consumed by the population for nutritional
purposes, the monitoring of radionuclides in milk represents a very important task for the protection
of human health. The present paper reports the results of an investigation aimed at determining
the natural and anthropogenic radioactivity content in milk and assessing the radiological
health risks due to its ingestion.

Methods:

Liquid for infants, Ultra Heat Treated (UHT) sheep, UHT cow, and UHT goat milk
samples, coming from Italian large retailers, were investigated. In particular, a total of twenty
samples, five for each type, were analyzed by using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray
spectrometry, with the ultimate goal of quantifying the specific activity of natural and anthropic
radionuclides (40K and 137Cs, respectively). The evaluation of dose levels due to the milk ingestion
was also performed for six age categories, namely infants, 1-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-17 years old,
and adults (> 17 years old), taking into account the average yearly direct consumption in Italy
and under the a priori hypothesis that this need can be satisfied by a single variety of milk.

Results:

The mean specific activity of 40K varies from (30 ± 4) Bq L-1 to (48 ± 6) Bq L-1; the
lowest value was obtained for the UHT sheep milk, while the highest one for the UHT cow milk,
with investigated Italian large retailers milk samples presenting an activity concentration of (38 ±
5) Bq L-1 on average. The 137Cs specific activity is lower than the minimum detectable activity
(MDA) value for all investigated samples. Regarding the dose levels due to the milk ingestion,
the obtained values remain below the threshold value of 1 mSv y-1 set by the Italian legislation.

Conclusion:

Reported results then show that the radiation dose incurred from the ingestion of the
investigated milk samples poses no significant health effect on the population from a radiological
point of view.