bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muscle-Strengthening Activity among College Students: Who, What, Where, and Is It Enough?
Authors: Frederick Ginny M. , Boudreaux Benjamin D. , Evans Ellen M. , Schmidt Michael D.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) is recommended for all major muscle groups ≥2 d·wk−1. Assessment is often based on the number of days per week of MSA without determining if all major muscle groups are being used, precluding accurate determination of compliance with physical activity (PA) guidelines. Thus, characteristics of MSA remain inadequately characterized, especially among college students. Although it is known that males engage in more MSA than females across the lifespan, more detailed information regarding sex differences in this behavior is needed. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively describe MSA among male and female college students to a) characterize adherence to MSA guidelines according to frequency of MSA and number of muscle groups used, and b) explore sex differences in MSA.

Methods

College students (n = 651, 79.1% female, 20.3 ± 1.3 yr old) reported frequency of participation in MSA, muscle groups used, types of MSA performed, and location of MSA engagement via online questionnaires. The proportion of students meeting public health recommendations for MSA and characteristics of MSA participation were analyzed for the total sample and separately for male and female students.

Results

The proportion of students meeting MSA recommendations ranged from 9.8% to 52.7% depending on the minimum number of muscle groups required. Regardless of criteria, males were more likely to meet PA guidelines and reported more days of MSA, more muscle groups used, more types of MSA, and MSA at more locations than females (all P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions

Estimates of compliance with MSA guidelines vary substantially depending upon the number of muscle groups required for compliance. Frequency of MSA and specific muscle groups worked should be included as part of MSA assessment to align with PA guidelines. Sex differences also influence MSA participation; thus, tailoring of messages and programming may improve MSA participation on college campuses.
EFEITOS ECONÔMICO-FINANCEIROS DOS EMPREENDIMENTOS DE GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA EÓLICA NA MICRORREGIÃO DE SERRA DE SANTANA -RN
Authors: Sousa Rani Priscila de , Carvalho Valdemir Galvão de
Published: September 2024

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar os impactos econômico-financeiros dos empreendimentos de geração de energia eólica para a microrregião da Serra de Santana/RN. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de natureza aplicada. Como técnica de coleta de dados, foi utilizada revisão de literatura e pesquisa documental em sites e bancos de dados oficiais. Foram levantados os dados sobre o recolhimento de ISSQN de cada município junto ao site do Sistemas de Informações Contábeis e Fiscais do Setor Público Brasileiro - Siconfi e o número de empregos formais ativos referentes a cada ano no site da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais - RAIS. A coleta de dados sobre investimentos públicos municipais utilizou dados do Índice Firjan de Gestão Fiscal - IFGF. Foi identificado que as variações no recolhimento de ISSQN e no número de empregos formais ativos impactou os municípios positivamente, porém, de forma temporária e insuficiente para alterar as dinâmicas econômico-financeiras da região. Não foram identificadas mudanças na performance dos investimentos públicos municipais, assim como não foram exigidos pagamentos por compensações ambientais dos empreendimentos em contrapartida. A partir da análise realizada, foi possível observar que houve variações no recolhimento de ISSQN e do número de empregos formais ativos que beneficiaram os municípios da Serra de Santana em intensidades diferentes, porém de forma temporária e insuficiente, para alterar as dinâmicas econômico-financeiras da região de maneira significativa no que se refere aos aspectos aqui abordados. Lagoa Nova foi o único município a conseguir manter seus níveis de arrecadação acima dos praticados antes da chegada dos empreendimentos.
Corticosteroids and invasive fungal infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients – A single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Ramanathan Venkateswaran , Pari Thenmozhi Hariswar , Singh Rakesh , Bheemanathi Hanuman Srinivasan , Adithan Subathra
Published: September 2024

Background: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, an increase in the incidence of fungal infections was observed. However, the real magnitude of these fungal infections and their risk factors among COVID-19 patients in the Indian population is unknown. Aim: To study the frequency, and spectrum of invasive fungal infections (IFI) among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and the risk factors associated with invasive fungal infections. Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study; including all adult patients, admitted to Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), a tertiary care hospital in Southern India between April 2020 and August 2021, with COVID-19. Based on clinical-radiological features, patients with fungal infections were grouped into three diagnostic categories. Demographics, clinical, and laboratory features of patients with fungal infections were analyzed to identify the risk factors. Results: About 10% (449 out of 4650) of the admitted patients with recent COVID-19, had some form of IFI. Among the patients with IFI, 80% (366 out of 449) were hospitalized for active COVID-19, whereas almost all the patients admitted with post-COVID complications had IFI. Of the 449 patients with IFI, 377 had mold infections and 88 had invasive candidiasis. Mucormycosis was the most common mold infection. Diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis were strong independent predictors of IFI. We also found an association between end-stage renal disease, central venous catheterization, antibiotic usage, prior stroke, and corticosteroid therapy with IFI. Conclusions: The frequency of fungal infections among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was high. Special precautions in COVID-19 patients with diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid therapy, and prior antibiotic usage may help to reduce invasive fungal infections.
Importance of Supplementation in Vegan and Vegetarian Diets for Adults
Authors: Wójtowicz Justyna , Sajkiewicz Ilona , Rudnicka Katarzyna , Miga-Orczykowska Nadia , Lemieszek Paulina , Jasiuk Ilona , Pustelniak Martyna , Krukar Katarzyna , Łukaszewska Ewa , Kister Klaudia
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose
Vegan and vegetarian diets are popular due to health, ethical, and ecological benefits, but they risk nutrient deficiencies. This article reviews research on supplementation to meet the nutritional needs of adults on these diets. It provides recommendations for different life stages, including pregnancy, aging, and physical activity, and highlights the risks of excessive or inadequate supplementation, stressing the need for personalized dietary approaches..
Material and method
A systematic review of the past decade's literature focused on peer-reviewed articles from databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. It included studies on adults adhering to vegan or vegetarian diets, evaluating supplementation's effects on nutrition and health. The review encompassed observational studies, interventions, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, using keywords such as "vegan diet," "vegetarian diet," "supplementation," "nutrient deficiencies," and "adult health."
State of knowledge
Research shows that well-planned vegan or vegetarian diets can be healthy for adults, but often need supplementation to prevent nutrient deficiencies. Clinical studies confirm the efficacy of supplements. Specific groups, like pregnant and lactating women and those with regular physical activity, may need extra vitamins and minerals. Excessive supplementation poses health risks, so a personalized approach considering individual needs, health status, age, and lifestyle is crucial.
Conclusions
A well-balanced vegan or vegetarian diet, supported by appropriate supplementation, can be beneficial for the health of adults. A personalized approach to supplementation is essential, taking into account specific nutritional needs, pregnancy, health status, age, and lifestyle. Regular monitoring of nutritional status and adjusting supplementation to the body's current needs is crucial for maintaining optimal health.
Nietolerancyjna konfederacja warszawska. O znaczeniu swobód wyznaniowych w 1573 roku
Authors: Ptaszyński Maciej
Published: September 2024

Artykuł dotyczy interpretacji znaczenia konfederacji warszawskiej, dokumentu przygotowanego podczas bezkrólewia w styczniu 1573 r., a następnie zatwierdzanego przez monarchów panujących w Rzeczypospolitej. Ponieważ dokument ten stanowił podstawę wyznaniowej koegzystencji przez następne dwa stulecia, w historiografii zwykle określany jest jako wyjątkowo tolerancyjny. Artykuł podważa tę interpretację przez wskazanie na nieprecyzyjne użycie terminu „tolerancja” oraz na znaczenie recepcji nocy św. Bartłomieja w momencie uchwalenia konfederacji.
Niemodelowe życie średniowiecznych zakonnic w cieniu piastowskich dworów. Uwagi na marginesie pracy Anny Agnieszki Dryblak
Authors: Wiszewski Przemysław
Published: September 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu jest weryfikacja tezy postawionej przez Annę Agnieszkę Dryblak w jej pracy poświęconej piastowskim fundacjom klasztorów żeńskich w XIII w. Według Autorki wspomniane klasztory powstawały w wyniku opóźnionej recepcji modelu „klasztoru dynastycznego”, ukształtowanego w X–XI w. w kręgu dworu cesarskiego dynastii Ludolfingów. Przeprowadzone analizy procesu fundacji klasztorów będących przedmiotem badań Autorki nie potwierdzają tych tez. Klasztory powstawały w sposób bardzo zindywidualizowany. Ich związek z dynastią książęcą był dużo słabszy niż z poszczególnymi fundatorkami. Podobieństwa dziejów analizowanych klasztorów wynikały z typowego przebiegu procesu fundacji i zagnieżdżania się (implantacji) w otoczeniu społecznym.
The effects and benefits of creatine supplementation on brain health
Authors: Sztemberg Elena , Łepecki Dominik , Grodziński Bartłomiej , Tomaszewski Robert , Mikusek-Pham Van Marcin , Krawiel Karolina , Kras Marta , Król Marek , Cieślik Aleksandra , Gruszczyńska Hanna
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Creatine is a naturally occurring compound vital for energy metabolism, particularly in high-energy-demand tissues like muscles and the brain. Traditionally, research on creatine has focused on its ergogenic effects in sports, but emerging research suggests it may also positively impact brain health. Studies are exploring creatine monohydrate's role in improving cognitive function, mitigating neurodegenerative processes, and supporting mental health. This dual functionality highlights the compound's versatility as both a performance enhancer and a potential therapeutic agent for neurological health. By expanding the scope of creatine research beyond physical performance, we can better understand and utilize its full capabilities to enhance human health. This research review examines the growing evidence suggesting that creatine supplementation could significantly benefit brain health and the management of neurological diseases. Aim of the study: This review aims to synthesize current findings on creatine's cognitive benefits and its therapeutic potential for neurological disorders, critically analyzing preclinical and clinical studies to identify gaps and suggest future research directions.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering studies published between 2000 and 2024. Keywords such as creatine supplementation, brain health and neurodegeneration were used. Exclusion criteria included non-peer-reviewed articles, studies with insufficient data, and those not in English. Conclusions: This review highlights the potential benefits of creatine supplementation for cognitive and neurodegenerative diseases, noting its positive effects on memory, alleviating depression and anxiety, and offering neuroprotection. Future research should aim to standardize dosing, extend follow-up periods, and include larger, more diverse populations.
Will melatonin supplementation become a new form of obesity treatment? A review of recent literature.
Authors: Żak Natalia , Błaszczyk Aleksandra , Pażyra Aldona , Kusak Natalia , Jaworska Barbara , Stanicki Paweł
Published: September 2024

Background: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 650 million adults worldwide are obese, and 2.8 billion individuals struggle with overweight. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, adverse effects on mental health, the development of certain cancers, and other conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of melatonin, which has therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity. Studies suggest that melatonin supplementation may lead to weight reduction and improvement in metabolic parameters, significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, and enhance insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.
Aim of study:  This review aims to present the latest scientific findings on the impact of melatonin supplementation on the development of obesity and its complications. We focus primarily on the mechanisms of melatonin's action in the context of obesity, particularly on potential pathways that have not yet been thoroughly explored. Our aim is to provide deeper insights into research on obesity and its prevention.
Materials and Methods: Search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, utilizing the keywords "obesity," "melatonin," and "weight loss" in various configurations. The review primarily considers studies published after 2016 that are available online.
Summary
Melatonin supplementation leads to a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels and an increase in cellular insulin sensitivity. Its promising properties in the treatment of obesity have been demonstrated through the reduction of oxidative stress, indicating a potential adjunct for weight loss. Based on the cited studies, the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors have been confirmed. Melatonin could be considered as an adjunctive therapy for obese individuals who do not respond to other treatment modalities.
Impact of lifestyle on erectile dysfunction: literature review and educational recommendations
Authors: Wawszkowicz Konrad , Dyląg Liliana , Graca Magdalena , Szopińska Kinga , Łowicka Weronika , Szeliga Anna , Szostak Agata , Korta Karolina , Oluszczak Karolina , Śmigielska-Mikołajczyk Maria Janina
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) represents a significant health problem that can have a negative impact on men's quality of life, intimate relationships and self-esteem. ED is a marker of overall health, requiring a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic approach. This article highlights the need for an integrated approach, in which lifestyle modifications are key to the successful treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Aim of the study: The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on erectile dysfunction, with the intention of improving understanding of the condition and providing directions for future research and clinical practice.
Materials and methods: Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched to identify studies and literature reviews on erectile dysfunction (ED).
The state of knowledge: This review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors associated with ED, emphasizing the importance of lifestyle in prevention and treatment. The role of diet, physical activity, weight reduction, smoking cessation, and alcohol restriction in improving erectile function is discussed. The article also presents current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including pharmacotherapy, alternative therapies and psychological interventions.
Conclusions: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a complex health issue that necessitates a comprehensive and interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Lifestyle plays a pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of ED, and its modification should be an integral component of any treatment plan.
Methods of surfactant administration in newborn. Literature review
Authors: Głoskowska Julia , Frańczuk Agata , Kuleta Katarzyna , Dyl Tomasz , Kruk Adrian , Gruszczyńska Hanna , Szpulak Angelika , Kopczyńska Ewelina , Makłowicz Aleksandra , Peregrym Michał
Published: September 2024

The most common cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates born prematurely is surfactant deficiency. Surfactant administration has been the method of choice for the treatment of RDS since the 1990s, only the method of delivery is changing with the use of increasingly less invasive methods of respiratory support in neonatal respiratory failure.  For many years, the standard method was the administration of surfactant after intubation through an endotracheal tube during artificial ventilation. Gradually, new methods were introduced to reduce or avoid the use of ventilation (INSURE), followed by methods that bypass intubation (LISA). The latest SALSA technique made it possible to omit the use of a laryngoscope and the need for intubation. The new methods of surfactant administration can be used successfully in newborns requiring only non-invasive respiratory support, in neonatal centers in regions with limited access to specialized medical care.
Influencia de la Realidad Virtual en el rendimiento académico en Educación Secundaria a través de un meta-análisis
Authors: Victoria Maldonado Juan José , Fuentes-Cabrera Arturo , Fernández-Cerero José , Sadio-Ramos Fernando José
Published: September 2024

La integración de la tecnología como herramienta educativa es esencial en todas las etapas educativas. En este contexto, la realidad virtual ha emergido como una herramienta poderosa en los últimos años. A pesar de su prominencia, la investigación que demuestra su eficacia en la Educación Secundaria es escasa. Para abordar esta brecha, se llevó a cabo un meta-análisis con el objetivo de explorar y definir la influencia de la realidad virtual en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de secundaria. Los resultados principales revelan un impacto positivo en el rendimiento académico, especialmente en intervenciones de corta duración al igual que se muestran las investigaciones realizadas en otras etapas. Sin embargo, se destaca la falta de claridad en la literatura científica respecto al impacto general de las intervenciones con realidad virtual en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en esta etapa específica. Este hallazgo resalta la necesidad de investigaciones más detalladas y concluyentes para informar mejor las prácticas educativas en el uso de la realidad virtual en la Educación Secundaria.
Application of Virtual Reality as a Method of First Aid Training – Results of Survey Research Conducted among the Construction Faculty Students
Authors: Natalia Schmidt-Polończyk  , Joanna Warmuzek
Published: September 2024

Aim: The survey focused on the assessment of students' knowledge after first aid training carried out using two methods. In order to check the effectiveness and compare both methods, standard training with the use of training phantoms and a BLS and AED course supported by Virtual Reality technology were organized among students. The aim was to test whether virtual reality training would be as effective as standard training with training phantoms. In addition, the study also included collecting students' subjective opinions on the use of VR technology in first aid. During the research, a research hypothesis was put forward, according to which students after standard training with the use of phantoms have more knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation than students after training with the use of virtual reality. Methodology: The method of a survey was used to assess the effectiveness of training. It was attended by 57 students of Civil Engineering, aged 20 to 22. Thanks to the study, the theoretical and practical knowledge of students on first aid was verified and their subjective feelings after training with the use of VR technology were analyzed. Results: The results of the research indicate that the level of knowledge in the field of first aid is higher in students after standard training with the use of training phantoms. In this group, the respondents answered 100% correctly in 7 questions, while the respondents in the group using virtual reality answered only 4 questions correctly in 100%. Students from the first group also showed a greater knowledge of the first aid procedure – they answered correctly in 82%, and the respondents in the second group in 56%. Students from the first group also gave better answers to the questions verifying the knowledge of the principles of proper cardiopulmonary resuscitation – 85% of them answered these questions correctly, while in the second group there were less than half of the correct answers – only 40%. Conclusions: Based on the results of the research and the feelings of the students, it was concluded that training using the VR application without tactile interaction with the dummy is not sufficient. The use of physical phantoms in such training will increase the realism of the simulation and make the virtual environment better perceived by users interacting tactilely with virtual models and experiencing their (physical) properties in a tangible way. Keywords: safety, first aid training, VR, BLS, AED
Stock Return Autocorrelations and Expected Option Returns
Authors: Jeon Yoontae , Kan Raymond , Li Gang
Published: September 2024

We show that the return autocorrelation of underlying stock is an important determinant of expected equity option returns. Using an extended Black-Scholes model incorporating the presence of stock return autocorrelation, we demonstrate that expected returns of both call and put options are increasing in the return autocorrelation coefficient of the underlying stock. Consistent with this insight, we find strong empirical support in the cross-section of average returns of equity options. Our paper highlights the necessity to control for stock return autocorrelation when studying option return predictability.

This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03071 .
Metformin – the old drug with new therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Oleksa Paulina , Jasiński Kacper , Żuraw Daria , Sobczyk Mateusz , Żybowska Monika , Rzewuska-Fijałkowska Anna , Haczkur-Pawłowska Karolina , Więsyk Piotr
Published: September 2024

Original Article, Pol J Public Health, Vol. 134 (2024): 47-51

Paulina Oleksa, Kacper Jasiński, Daria Żuraw, Mateusz Sobczyk, Monika Żybowska,
Anna Rzewuska-Fijałkowska, Karolina Haczkur-Pawłowska, Piotr Więsyk
Students’ Scientific Society at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland

Introduction. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug from the biguanide group, popularly referred as an aspirin of the 21st century. The therapeutic targets of metformin are expanding. It is characterized by antineoplastic, immunoregulatory, anti-aging and neuroprotective properties. We aimed to evaluate the pleiotropic effects of metformin, taking into account its different mechanisms, efficacy and safety in contemporary public health challenges.
Material and methods. We conducted the literature review from 2014 to 2024 using the PubMed and Google Scholar.
Results. Metformin, depending on the cancer and its stage, enhances the cancer treatment effects, prevents the drug resistance, lengthens overall time of survival, reduces the risk of recurrence. In the Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and depression metformin can even increase the risk of their occurrence, especially in high doses. Such doses predispose to the cobalamin deficiency, affecting the functioning of the nervous system. Metformin was effective in seizure control of epilepsy. It has positive impact on the course of some autoimmunological diseases. Among diabetics treatment, outcomes of COVID-19 and tuberculosis could be improved by metformin.
Conclusions. Metformin is pluripotential drug. Possibilities of adjuvant metformin therapy are very promising, but it cannot be recommended as standard treatment. This issue requires further investigation, preferentially randomized controlled trials on the bigger research samples.

Keywords: metformin and therapy, metformin and treatment, metformin and advances.
Therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis
Authors: Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara , Abramek Natalia
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Hirsutism is a disorder manifested by excessive hair growth in the telogen phase in androgen-dependent areas: on the face, lower back, thighs and breasts in women with hormonal disorders. Hypertrichosis is excessive hair covering the entire skin surface or limited to certain areas of the skin, independent of androgens. It may occur in both men and women and is not limited to androgen-dependent areas. Hormonal disorders are not observed in hypertrichosis. It may be genetically determined or caused by medications taken by the patient: minoxidil or cyclosporine A. Hypertrichosis most often occurs on the arms and lower legs.

Aim. The aim of the study was to identify the therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis available on the Polish market.
Material and methods. In 2022 and 2023, therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis available in 10 randomly selected pharmacies and 10 drugstores in the Lubelskie Voivodeship in Poland were analyzed.

Results. Together 53 therapeutic and skincare products used in hirsutism and hypertrichosis were found. The therapeutic products were available with doctor’s prescription only (Rp.), while the skincare products were available without prescription, like cosmetics. In the analyzed preparations for hirsutism, the most frequently used active substances are dienogest and cyproterone acetate.

Conclusion. The most commonly used form of drugs in hirsutism are tablets, and in hypertrichosis – foams that facilitate the removal of unwanted hair. The new promising formulas for treatment of hirsutism and hypertrichosis contain eflornithine, acyclovir, licorice and vitamin D.

Keywords: hirsutism, hypertrichosis, skincare products, therapeutic products.
Alertas y camufladas: Las ardillas de tierra en México
Authors: Albino-Miranda Sergio , González-Romero Alberto , Galindo-González Jorge
Published: September 2024

Se conoce como ardillas a los integrantes de la familia Sciuridae, que siempre asociamos como intrépidos roedores que se mueven ágilmente entre las ramas de los árboles. Sin embargo, no todas las ardillas presentan esta conducta. Estos roedores se clasifican en tres grupos según sus hábitos: ardillas arborícolas, ardillas voladoras y ardillas terrestres, cada una con características distintivas de movilidad. En este artículo, exploraremos la diversidad y la importancia biológica de las ardillas de tierra que habitan en las llanuras y praderas mexicanas.
A Case Study of Home Care Nursing for People with Chronic Mental Illness
Authors: Kim Soyaja , Nam Kyoungah
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to identify the basic data necessary to develop a home care protocol for people with chronic mental illnesses and to develop various psychosocial rehabilitation programs. The subject of this study was a 29 year old divorced fe male diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid type.She was hospitalized and discharged from the psy chiatric ward of S General Hospital for the second time.A home care nurse assessed the client's psychosocial functions, identified mental problems, planned nursing interventions, performed nursing activities, and evaluated the outcomes. The results were then reflected in the nursing interventions that followed. This study was a case study that reporting recovering process from the mental illness. The data was collected through the in-depth interviews with the subject. The home care nurse visited the client's home eight times. During the first and second sessions, the nurse made assessments and plans, during the third to seventh sessions nursing interventions were made and the eighth session was the termination session.The main nursing problems of the client were the lack of communication skills, social support and in sight into the disease, ineffective drug manage ment, the absence of a caregiver, social inaladaptation, ineffective stress-coping skills and conflicts with other family members. Focusing on these problems, the nu ovided counseling, psychoeducation, role modeling of social skills and stress coping strategies.The results showed that the client expressed feelings of satisfaction to the home care nursing she received. There were also a decreased number of family conflicts, fewer difficulties at work and increased effective stress coping skills, a greater knowledge of drugs and their side effects, a de crease in noncompliance of drugs, and insight into the mental disease.
Strategies of Stress Management for Health Promotion
Authors: Lee Pyoung Sook
Published: September 2024

This paper reviews the theoretical approaches which can be conducive to understanding the concept of stress and stress management for health promotion.1. The theoretical approach to understanding the concept of stress is mainly physiological in nature which focuses on the fight-flight response. It is also founded on psychosocial factors which include life events and personality variables. Other critical variables are, transactional approach which based on cognitive apprasal and coping style, and the psychoneuro -immunology which of recent emerging interest.2. Although various stress management strategies are introduced, they only revealed the effects of technique and lacked a rational basis for applying the technique.3. Traditional relaxation training was merely based on relaxation response which focused on decreasing the physiological arousal.4. The stress model which has recently emerged is based on the transactional model. The transactional model applies a cognitive-behavioral ap proach which focuses on cognitive appraisal and coping style.5. The synthesis of the transactional model and f)sycho-immunology explains the stressdesease r lationship and provides justification for the use of a multidimensioml approach for stress management which addresses all variables of the stress process.In summary the relationships among life events, personality variables, cognitive appraisal processes, physiological arousal, coping style, and immune functioning are complex relationships which influ ence each other. Therefore I suggest that currently the need of a multidimensional approach exist. All aspect of stress relationships should be adressed when planning a stress management program.In order to have an effective stress management approach, all nurses need a comprehensive under standing that considers stress process and stress-illness relationship, and that applies an ef fective integrative stress minagement approach which includes all variables related to stress.
Classification and detection of dental images using meta-learning
Authors: Yadalam Pradeep Kumar , Anegundi Raghavendra Vamsi , Alarcón-Sánchez Mario Alberto , Heboyan Artak
Published: September 2024

Meta-learning of dental X-rays is a machine learning technique that can be used to train models to perform new tasks quickly and with minimal input. Instead of just memorizing a task, this is accomplished through teaching a model how to learn. Algorithms for meta-learning are typically trained on a collection of training problems, each of which has a limited number of labelled instances. Multiple X-ray classification tasks, including the detection of pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019, and other disorders, have demonstrated the effectiveness of meta-learning. Meta-learning has the benefit of allowing models to be trained on dental X-ray datasets that are too few for more conventional machine learning methods. Due to the high cost and lengthy collection process associated with dental imaging datasets, this is significant for dental X-ray classification jobs. The ability to train models that are more resistant to fresh input is another benefit of meta-learning.
Optimal traditional Chinese medicine formulas in treating ulcerative colitis: Choose one or take it all?
Authors: Zeng Yan , Zhang Jun-Wen , Yang Jian
Published: September 2024

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that presents significant treatment challenges due to its complexity, especially in terms of the various side effects that traditional medications may bring during the chronic course of the disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has emerged as a promising complementary therapy for UC. Based on the latest research, our editorial explored the current issues and potential essential research directions for TCM in treating UC. We anticipate that future high-quality research will pave the way for the optimization of TCM formulas for UC and their broader global application.
Important Drugs and Its Patterns during the Late Goryeo Dynasty -Obtain and distribution of Bupleuri Radix (柴胡) and Ginger(生薑)-
Authors: LEE Kyung-Rok
Published: September 2024

This article deals with drugs obtain and distribution during the Goryeo Dynasty. In particular, I analyzed the case of ‘Bupleuri Radix(柴胡)’, which corresponds to ‘dot-ui minali’ as Idu(吏讀), an archaic Korean notation, and Ginger(生薑), which was intentionally introduced and cultivated in Goryeo. Drugs of the Goryeo Dynasty can be classified into 5 types. Drugs that use the Chinese character name as the name of Goryeo were type A, drugs that correspond 1:1 with the archaic Korean notation to the Chinese character name were type B, and drugs that have the Chinese character name translated directly into the Korean name were type C. And although it were originally the foreign drugs, the drugs cultivated in Goryeo were Type D, and the drugs imported from foreign countries were Type E. Among these, types B and D are particularly interesting. Bupleuri Radix and Ginger discussed in this article were representative examples of type B and D respectively. Looking overall, type B had the highest proportion, followed by type A. Type E was the next most common. On the other hand, type C and D were relatively small. However, regardless of the high or low proportion, these types coexisted and constituted the therapeutic drugs of the Goryeo Dynasty. In conclusion, during the Goryeo Dynasty, interest and use of local drugs, namely Hyangjae(鄕材), greatly expanded.
The Publication and Historical Significance of Modern Chinese Medical Reports
Authors: JIN Qing
Published: September 2024

Unlike Western medical journals such as The Lancet which focused on Western-centric medical cases, Medical Reports analyzed medical and sanitary issues in East Asia, including China, Korea, and Japan and sought solutions to these problems. Medical Reports, a medical project initiated by the Chinese Maritime Customs Service (CMCS) in 1871, aimed to compile reference materials on the health conditions and diseases in ports. It was launched by the British Inspector General Robert Hart, who appointed the British Shanghai Customs Surgeon R. Alexander Jameson as the editor. Beginning in the 1860s, the British-led CMCS began expanding its reach from major cities to border areas, western regions, Taiwan Island, and Hainan Island, as well as territories beyond Qing Dynasty, such as Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Hong Kong, and Macau. This expansion required multinational cooperation, leading to the participation of Customs Surgeons, medical missionaries, and military doctors from ten countries, including the UK, the United States, France, China, Germany, Canada, Portugal, Norway, the Netherlands, and Australia, in the Medical Reports project. The Medical Reports were directly tied to the medical and sanitary initiatives in that community. They were authored by Customs Surgeons from a country with substantial regional influence. An analysis of the authors’ nationalities, primary research focuses, and the relationship between the customs regions they covered revealed a statistically significant correlation. Even after Robert Koch discovered bacteria in the late nineteenth century, the miasma theory remained dominant, and most British doctors in India did not acknowledge the possibility that diseases could be caused by parasites. Despite this conservative historical context, the Medical Reports featured progressive research, including studies on leprosy based on germ theory and studies that actively embraced the emerging theory that parasites could be the cause of certain illnesses. In this process, the relatively unknown young physician named Patrick Manson, while working at the CMCS for 13 years, significantly advanced his medical knowledge by publishing numerous studies on filaria in the Medical Reports. His work led to the groundbreaking discovery that mosquitoes transmit infectious diseases. These research achievements pioneered the field of tropical medicine, a discipline that had not been established even in the extensive colonial holdings of France and Britain in tropical regions. Manson’s work for the Medical Reports significantly advanced human efforts to prevent and respond to infectious diseases.
Organizing an AORA Conference: Both Inspiring and Challenging!
Authors:   [1] Children’s Anesthesia Services, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. [2] AORA India., Ponde Vrushali
Published: September 2024

Oraginzing AORA ((Academy Of Regional Anaesthesia, India ) conferences is inspiring! However, it is also a monumental challenge. This annual event, which is distinguished by its innovative approach, impeccable discipline, and epitome of professionalism, is much more than a collection of lectures, workshops, master classes and yes, the wars. It is a demonstration of unwavering dedication to the demands of anesthesiologists as well as a sign of AORA’s pride and unity. It ensured an exhaustive coverage of all branches and super-specialties within regional anesthesia.The conference meticulously incorporates two main tracks, including PNS (Peripheral Nerve Stimulation) and USG (Ultrasound Guidance) . Also delves into dedicated symposiums on subspecialties such as obstetric regional anaesthesia, paediatric anaesthesia, chronic pain, and more, However, despite the apparent precision and sophistication of its organization, numerous obstacles continue to exist. These encompass the following: • Ensuring economic feasibility while fostering genuine industry partnerships, • Adapting to the evolving landscape of medical education, and • Balancing the requirements of both faculty and delegates.
USG Guided Lumbosacral Plexus Block for Surgery for Fracture Hip in High-Risk Patients– A Retrospective Case Series
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesia, Kokilaben Dirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Wagh Harshal D , Salunkhe Chetan ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Kokilaben Dirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Pareek Mitalee ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Kokilaben Dirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, Kumar Senthil ,   Department of Anaesthesia, Kokilaben Dirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2024

Background 1.6 million patients worldwide are victims of hip fracture. The incidence is expected to rise with ageing of world’s population. Elderly patients with hip fracture pose a medical challenge for the anesthesiologist and are often associated with high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Early surgical fixation of fractured joint is necessary to reduce associated morbidity. Advanced age and delayed surgical correction and medical history are independent factors determining 1 year mortality after hip fixation which is 23.9% in these patients. Objective: In this case series where we share our experience of fracture femur fixation performed under USG guided combined lumbosacral block for 19 patients of ASA 3/4 physical status. Method: Hip fracture fixation was performed under USG guided and neurostimulation technique Lumbar plexus and Para-sacral sciatic nerve block with 20 ml and 15 ml of 0.3% Ropivacaine respectively. All patients were shifted to ICU for further care. Conclusion: USG guided Lumbosacral plexus block for surgeries around the hip joint can be used as a sole anesthetic in high-risk patients. Detailed preoperative evaluation and optimization, vigilant patient selection, counselling, monitoring, providing optimum drug dosage are key for success. Keywords: Lumbosacral plexus block, Hip fracture, USG-guided
Anomalous Brachial Plexus and their Relationship to the Subclavian Artery in the Supraclavicular Region
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, Sancheti Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India, Jadhao Pooja , Diwan Sandeep ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, Sancheti Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2024

The brachial plexus at supraclavicular division level is superior and lateral to the subclavian artery. Thus needle tip positions are already published in literature. However we report the brachial plexus divisions on the medial side of the subclavian artery. This might result in inadequate or failed blocks with landmark guided technique. Moreover with ultrasound needle tip needs to advance medial to artery making it more difficult in expert hands too. Ultrasound imaging of brachial plexus helps in identifying anamolous position of brachial plexus divisions. Keywords- Brachial plexus divisions, Subclavian artery, Ultrasound
Calibration approach of non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensors for improving the dynamic range
Authors: Wang Zhongqi , Bai Hua
Published: September 2024

The pyramid wavefront sensor (PWFS) can provide high sensitivity in demanding adaptive optics applications. However, its exquisite sensitivity has a limited dynamic range, which relies on the use of beam modulation to improve the dynamic range of the PWFS—despite this task being achieved by moving optical components in the PWFS, increasing the complexity of the system. An attractive idea to simplify the optical and mechanical design of a PWFS is to work without any dynamic modulation. This paper proposes a new method, to the best of our knowledge, called the pyramid wavefront sensor with truncated axicon (TA-PWFS), which is used in the non-modulated PWFS in the closed-loop adaptive optics system with high sensitivity and high dynamic range without the need for cumbersome modulation. The new approach uses a diffractive element placed at a conjugated Fourier plane of the pyramid prism to shape part of the incident light in a ring pattern around the pyramid pin. The radius of the circular-shaped image is identical to that of the modulation radius in the sinusoidal modulation, offering a high dynamic range, while the remaining portion of the light continues un-diffracted, producing high sensitivity through a spot on the pyramid pin. Simulation results with different kinds of aberrations containing large global tilts reveal that the use of the TA-PWFS has a noticeable improvement in the aberration estimation performance. With a highly simplified structure, elements without mechanical modulation, and aberration reconstruction without precorrection of global tilt, the TA-PWFS could present an innovative method for the design of non-modulated pyramid wavefront sensors that can better suit the higher requirements of adaptive optics applications.
Asynchronous visible light communication and positioning system based on a multi-carrier orthogonal coding mechanism
Authors: Liu Zhongxu , Xie Dawei , You Xiaodi , Yu Changyuan
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an asynchronous visible light communication and positioning (VLCP) system leveraging the multi-carrier orthogonal coding mechanism (MC-OCM) based on complete complementary (CC) codes. Utilizing the superior correlation properties of CC codes, our system first achieves interference-free transmission from multiple access interference and inter-symbol interference, thus simultaneously enhancing the accuracy of data transmission and receiver location in asynchronous code division multiplexing-based VLCP systems. Numerical results confirm the proposed VLCP system’s superiority, featuring an average BER below the FEC standard and an average PE less than 3 cm in challenging system settings with asynchronous transmission and multipath propagation.
Prediction of residual stress in precision injection molding of plastic optical lenses based on an improved solidification layer model
Authors: Hu Yuwang , Wang Longfei , Xue Changxi
Published: September 2024

Precision injection molding technology (PIM) is the primary technique used for large scale manufacture of plastic optical lenses. However, the injection molding of plastic optical lenses results in a problem of residual stress, which affects the imaging quality of the optical system. The conventional injection molding process uses an orthogonal approach for adjusting the process parameters, requiring a large number of experiments. Therefore, this article proposes an improved residual stress model for precision injection molding of plastic optical lenses based on the solidification layer theory. The residual stress of precision injection molded aspherical plastic optical lens used for imaging optical systems was analyzed through simulation and experimentation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves residual stress prediction for plastic optical lenses after injection molding.
Spectral channels increase of multi-wavelength visible laser enabled by SHG-SFG hybrid processes
Authors: He Junhong , Ye Jun , Ke Yanzhao , Ma Xiaoya , Zhang Yang , Liang Junrui , Du Lei , Chen Wenwen , Zou Jinhai , Xu Jiangming , Leng Jinyong , Zhou Pu
Published: September 2024

Spectral evolution in nonlinear optical processes, such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG), plays a crucial role in multi-wavelength generation through nonlinear frequency conversion. In this study, the enhancement of spectral performance in a multi-wavelength visible laser facilitated by SHG-SFG hybrid processes is proposed and demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge. An output of up to eleven wavelengths can be achieved using a six-wavelength pump. Theoretical analysis suggests that the increase in spectral channel count is attributed to the SHG-SFG hybrid processes. Additionally, each nonlinear process operates independently without competition under small-signal approximation, validated through temperature variations. This research not only elucidates the mechanism of spectral evolution in hybrid nonlinear processes but also presents a viable method for improving the spectral performance of a multi-wavelength visible light source.
Pure moving optical media consisting of magnetochiral metasurfaces
Authors: Kodama Toshiyuki , Nakanishi Toshihiro , Sawada Kei , Tomita Satoshi
Published: September 2024

We report on numerical studies of microwave bianisotropies by magnetochiral (MCh) metasurfaces consisting of double Z-type gammadions with perpendicularly magnetized substrates. The metasurfaces’ effective polarizability tensor, extracted from calculated reflection and transmission coefficients, has components of the non-reciprocal moving-type bianisotropy as well as the reciprocal chiral-type bianisotropy and non-reciprocal magneto-optical (MO) effect. The combination of the metasurfaces with contraposition MCh metasurfaces cancels both the chiral-type bianisotropy and MO effect, resulting in pure moving optical media. An achieved perfect transmission with a phase difference of π realizes an ideal gyrator for arbitrary spatial and polarization modes.