bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exchange Rate-Based Stabilization in War-Ravaged Economies The Case of Lebanon
Authors: Shahnawaz Sheikh
Published: September 2021

This article examines exchange rate-based stabilization in an economy that has been badly destroyed by war or other calamities. The article does this in the context of post-civil war Lebanon. Both Iraq and Afghanistan are prime candidates for such a policy. This article first demonstrates the validity of the theory and empirical regularities (initial boom followed by an economic contraction) in the case of Lebanon and argues for the suitability of such programs for war-ravaged economies. It then empirically highlights the role played by the credibility of policy makers in the success or failure of the program and the resulting dynamics of economic variables. The article concludes that the success depends on a political environment that engenders credible policy.
Christian Ethics, Formal Institutions, and Economic Growth
Authors: Carden Art
Published: September 2021

Christians have a moral obligation to help the poor and destitute, and many Christians argue that we must exercise our moral obligation by, for example, redistributing income or by enacting price controls and minimum wages. Christians must proceed with caution when prescribing such policies: the resulting changes in incentives embodied in changed formal institutions may in fact work to the detriment of “the least of these” among us.
Hemşirelik İntörn Öğrencilerinin COVID-19 Şüpheli Çocuk Hasta İçin Belirledikleri Hemşirelik Tanılarının İncelenmesi
Authors: CEYLAN Sibel Serap , TURAN Türkan , ERDOĞAN Çiğdem
Published: September 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırma hemşirelik intörn öğrencilerinin COVID-19 şüphesi olan çocuk hasta ile ilgili verilen örnek vakada belirledikleri hemşirelik tanılarının incelenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Yöntem: Bu araştırma tanımlayıcı türdedir. Araştırmaya bir üniversitenin hemşirelik bölümüne devam eden ve Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği İntörn Uygulama dersine kayıtlı öğrenciler alınmıştır. Araştırmada örneklem seçimine gidilmemiş, derse kayıtlı 80 öğrencinin belirlediği toplam 446 adet hemşirelik tanısı incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin belirledikleri hemşirelik tanıları araştırmacılar tarafından NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) hemşirelik tanıları sınıflandırma sisteminde bulunup bulunmaması, tanı yapısının ve belirlenen tanılarının COVID-19 şüpheli çocuk hasta için uygunluğu açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmada her bir öğrenci ortalama 5.57±1.67 adet tanı belirlemiştir. Öğrencilerin belirledikleri tanıların; %76.90’ının NANDA sınıflandırma sisteminde yer aldığı, %35.20’sinde ilişkili faktör belirtildiği ve %13.41’inde tanımlayıcı özellik belirtildiği bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin belirlediği hemşirelik tanıları incelendiğinde çoğunluğunun sırasıyla hipertermi (%14.87), etkisiz solunum örüntüleri (%14.58), enfeksiyon riski (%7.87), gaz değişiminde bozulma (%6.71) ve anksiyete (%6.41) olduğu görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Bu araştırmada öğrencilerin belirledikleri hemşirelik tanılarının çoğunluğunun COVID-19 şüpheli çocuğun bakımına uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak tanıların çoğunluğu NANDA sınıflandırma sisteminde yer alsa da hemşirelik tanı yapıları incelendiğinde çoğunluğunda ilişkili faktör ve tanımlayıcı özellik bulunmamaktadır.
Dissecting the Strong-lensing Galaxy Cluster MS 0440.5+0204. II. New Optical Spectroscopic Observations in a Wider Area and Cluster Dynamical State
Authors: Carrasco Eleazar R. , Verdugo Tomás , Motta Verónica , Foëx Gael , Ellingson E. , Gomez Percy L. , Falco Emilio , Limousin Marceau
Published: September 2021

We present an optical study of the strong-lensing galaxy cluster MS 0440.5+0204 at z = 0.19593, based on CFHT/MegaCam g′, r′ photometry and GMOS/Gemini and CFHT/MOS/SIS spectroscopy in a broader area than previous works. We have determined new spectroscopic redshifts for the most prominent gravitational arcs surrounding the central galaxy in the cluster. The new redshifts and the information provided by the photometric catalog allow us to perform a detailed weak- and strong-lensing mass reconstruction of the cluster. The large number of member galaxies and the area covered by our observations allow us to estimate more accurately the velocity dispersion and mass of the cluster and to examine in detail the nature of the cluster and surrounding structures. The dynamical mass is in good agreement with the mass inferred from the lensing analysis and X-ray estimates. About 68% of the galaxies are located in the inner ≲0.86

h

70

−
1

Mpc region of the cluster. The galaxy redshift distribution in the inner region of the cluster shows a complex structure with at least three substructures along the line of sight. Other substructures are also identified in the galaxy density map and in the weak-lensing mass map. The member galaxies in the northeast overdensity are distributed in a filament between the clusters MS 0440.5+0204 and ZwCL 0441.1+0211, suggesting that these two structures might be connected. MS 0440.5+0204 appears to be dynamically active, with a cluster core that is likely experiencing a merging process, and with other nearby groups at projected distances of ≲1

h

70

−
1

Mpc that could be being accreted by the cluster.
A Global Numerical Model of the Prompt Emission in Short Gamma-ray Bursts
Authors: Ito Hirotaka , Just Oliver , Takei Yuki , Nagataki Shigehiro
Published: September 2021

We present the first global model of prompt emission from a short gamma-ray burst (GRB) that consistently describes the evolution of the central black hole (BH) torus system, the propagation of the jet through multicomponent merger ejecta, the transition into free expansion, and the photospheric emission from the relativistic jet. To this end, we perform a special relativistic neutrino-hydrodynamics simulation of a viscous BH-torus system, which is formed about 500 ms after the merger and is surrounded by dynamical ejecta as well as neutron star winds, along with a jet that is injected in the vicinity of the central BH. In a postprocessing step, we compute the photospheric emission using a relativistic Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. It is found that the wind from the torus leaves a strong imprint on the jet as well as on the emission, causing narrow collimation and rapid time variability. The dependence of the emission on viewing angle gives rise to correlations among the spectral peak energy, E

p
, isotropic energy, E
iso, and peak luminosity, L

p
, which may provide natural explanations for the Amati and Yonetoku relations. We also find that the degree of polarization is small for emission from the jet core (≲2%), while it tends to increase with viewing angle outside the core and can become as high as ∼10%–40% for energies larger than the peak energy. Finally, the comparison of our model with GRB 170817A strongly disfavors the photospheric emission scenario and therefore supports alternative scenarios, such as cocoon shock breakout.
Period Bouncer Cataclysmic Variable EZ Lyn in Quiescence
Authors: Amantayeva A. , Zharikov S. , Page K. L. , Pavlenko E. , Sosnovskij A. , Khokhlov S. , Ibraimov M.
Published: September 2021

We report the study of the accretion disk structure of the period bouncer cataclysmic variable EZ Lyn (SDSS J080434.20+510349.2) in quiescence based on our new time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic observations and data extracted from archives. The object magnitude now is V = 17.95(5), close to its brightest before the first superoutburst in 2006. We confirmed the presence of the small eclipse in the optical light curve. The spectra obtained in quiescence at different epochs look similar. However, the contribution of the disk and intensities of emission lines are strongly varied. We singled out pure accretion disk spectra and found that the Balmer decrement Hα:Hβ:Hγ:Hδ = 1.61:1.0:0.76:0.59 is comparable with one at bright accretion disks in longer period cataclysmic variables. The decrement suggests that emission lines are excited collisionally in an optical thin part of the disk with average density and temperature of logN
0 = 12.5(2) and T = (10–15) × 103 K. Based on the photometric data and our modeling techniques, we redetermined the mass of M
WD = 0.85(1) M
⊙ and the current effective temperature T
WD,eff = 11,250(50) K of the white dwarf. The secondary has mass of M
2 = 0.042(14) M
⊙. The system inclination is 79.0°(2). The mass accretion rate is about

M

̇

≈
(
0.3
–
3.0
)
×

10

−
12

M

⊙

yr−1. The disk luminosity, together with results from light-curve modeling, suggests a low effective temperature ∼2500 K of the continuum emitting region, where also the spiral arm pattern is hosted.
NOEMA Observations of CO Emission in Arp 142 and Arp 238
Authors: Xu C. K. , Lisenfeld U. , Gao Y. , Renaud F.
Published: September 2021

Previous studies have shown significant differences in the enhancement of the star formation rate (SFR) and star formation efficiency (SFE = SFR/M
mol) between spiral–spiral and spiral–elliptical mergers. In order to shed light on the physical mechanism of these differences, we present NOEMA observations of the molecular gas distribution and kinematics (linear resolutions of ∼2 kpc) in two representative close major-merger star-forming pairs: the spiral–elliptical pair Arp 142 and the spiral–spiral pair Arp 238. The CO in Arp 142 is widely distributed over a highly distorted disk without any nuclear concentration, and an off-center ringlike structure is discovered in channel maps. The SFE varies significantly within Arp 142, with a starburst region (region 1) near the eastern tip of the distorted disk showing an SFE ∼ 0.3 dex above the mean of the control sample of isolated galaxies and the SFE of the main disk (region 4) 0.43 dex lower than the mean of the control sample. In contrast, the CO emission in Arp 238 is detected only in two compact sources at the galactic centers. Compared to the control sample, Arp 238-E shows an SFE enhancement of more than 1 dex, whereas Arp 238-W has an enhancement of ∼0.7 dex. We suggest that the extended CO distribution and large SFE variation in Arp 142 are due to an expanding large-scale ring triggered by a recent high-speed head-on collision between the spiral galaxy and the elliptical galaxy, and the compact CO sources with high SFEs in Arp 238 are associated with nuclear starbursts induced by gravitational tidal torques in a low-speed coplanar interaction.
The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data
Authors: Miller M. C. , Lamb F. K. , Dittmann A. J. , Bogdanov S. , Arzoumanian Z. , Gendreau K. C. , Guillot S. , Ho W. C. G. , Lattimer J. M. , Loewenstein M. , Morsink S. M. , Ray P. S. , Wolff M. T. , Baker C. L. , Cazeau T. , Manthripragada S. , Markwardt C. B. , Okajima T. , Pollard S. , Cognard I. , Cromartie H. T. , Fonseca E. , Guillemot L. , Kerr M. , Parthasarathy A. , Pennucci T. T. , Ransom S. , Stairs I.
Published: September 2021

PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2.08 ± 0.07 M
⊙, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is

13.7

−
1.5

+
2.6

km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼2 M
⊙ pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation-of-state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼1.5–5 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included, the radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2.08 M
⊙ neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12.45 ± 0.65 km for a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star and 12.35 ± 0.75 km for a 2.08 M
⊙ neutron star.
The Implementation of Integrated Management of Children Illness in Primary Health Community in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmah Rahmah , Astuti Yoni
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The mortality rate for infants and toddlers aged 12–59 months in Yogyakarta has shown a fluctuating trend between 2008 and 2014. To reduce infant and toddler mortality rates, the Yogyakarta city government has made some efforts to implement integrated management of children illness (IMCI). Thus, it can be said that one of the successful actions of the government in reducing mortality and morbidity of infants and toddlers is determined by optimizing the role of IMCI in the primary health community (PHC) as the vanguard in public health services. The results of the preliminary study found that all PHCs in the cities of Bantul and Yogyakarta had implemented IMCI, although there were no data related to how the inputs, processes, and outputs in the implementation of the IMCI were.
AIM: This study aims to determine the implementation of IMCI related to its inputs, processes, and outputs at PHC in Bantul and Yogyakarta City.
METHODS: This research method used descriptive research.
RESULTS: Based on previous study results, in 2019, the average health center had fulfilled the “output” activities regarding 60% of toddler visits carrying out IMCI.
CONCLUSION: It indicated that some health centers had implemented the IMCI program optimally.
Intramedullary Spinal Cystic Lesions Mimicking Cavernoma with Spontaneous Myelum Hemorrhage in Children: A Case Report
Authors: Jani Januardi Rifian , Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin , Suryaningtyas Wihasto
Published: September 2021

Background: Intramedullary spinal masses is a rare yet devastating and challenging. One of the biggest difficulty is to reveal the mass type and feature, thus determine the definitive treatment. Despite its difficulties, many controversies persist regarding diagnosis and management. 
Case Presentation: We report a case of 6 years old female came with gradual right limb weakness for 1 week before admission. It preceded by neck stiffness and for 2 weeks ago. Radiological examination revealed intradural intramedullary mass suggesting a cavernoma at VC1-C2 and VTh12-L1 level. The histopathological results shows unspecified hematoma.
Conclusions: Intramedullary tumors in pediatric population is rare and can mimic any other mass lesion. MRI is the mainstay diagnostic tool of this patient. Complete surgical resection is the main goal of treatment, but the histopathologic features is the most important predictor of the functional outcome.
Innovative Non-Irradiating and Non-Invasive Per Fraction Control System in Radiotherapy: Surface-Guided Radiation Therapy Experience of Casablanca Cancer Center
Authors: Naim Asmaa , Mansouri Safae , Saidi Kamal , ELBaydaoui Redouane , Mesradi Mohamed Reda
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Evaluation of the added value of radiotherapy guided by the cutaneous
 
surface in the positioning and monitoring of the radiotherapy
 
Patients and Methods: This study included 21 consecutive patients treated with an
 
accelerator dedicated to "True Beam®" stereotactic radiotherapy whose sessions were
 
monitored by an Optical Surface Monitoring System: "OSMS®". Excluded from our
 
study were treatments controlled exclusively by radiological imaging (IGRT).
 
Positioning variabilities were compared between conventional imaging and skin
 
surface infrared (OSMS) monitoring. Conventional imaging was in the form of
 
standard radiography (KV) performed during the treatment session or three-
 
dimensional by a series of Cone Beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scanned
 
images made at the beginning and end of The total time of the session and
 
the positioning variability’s in the 3 planes were
 
14
 
Results: The results of our study show that the cutaneous surface monitoring allowed
 
to obtain a faster alignment of the patient with an improvement in the overall time of
 
the session with a mean at 32% [14.5-49.27%], likewise a sub-millimeter positioning
 
quality for all locations with a median longitudinal distance of 0.02 cm [0-0.66], 01
 
cm verticality [0-0.32] and laterality 0.02 cm [0-0.77] This benefit is significantly
 
greater for cerebral and Head and neck’s localizations
 
21
 
Conclusion: Optical Surface Monitoring System (OSMS®) is a non-invasive and non-
 
irradiating means that allows reliable and fast
Light Environment Effect in the Sperm and Ribonucleic Acid Quality and Body Weight of Male Mus musculus
Authors: Hanizar Evi , Huang Yung-Sen , Siswoyo Tri Agus , Aswan Mohamad Syaifudin
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: The mice are categorized as the nocturnal animal meaning that most of the activity conducted in dark environment. However, the treatment of mice as the object studied in the laboratory often experiences the lack attention especially the treat to light exposure to mice during the investigation period which potentially affect the result. AIM: The present study aims to investigate the effect of light environment in the sperm quality, RNA quality, and body weight of male Mus musculus. METHODS: We compared in the mice the desired parameter onto the sample of 16 mice which kept in light and dark cages for 6 weeks. RESULTS: The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the number of sperm, concentration, and purity of RNA between the mice exposed in dark and light environment. The average number of sperm from the ones kept in the dark was found twice as much as those in the light condition. The average RNA concentration in the dark was higher than in the light place but the RNA purity in the dark was lower than the light place. However, the motility and morphology of sperm was not showing any significancy different in both conditions. CONCLUSION: The result proved that the natural light of cages for treating the mice in the laboratory influences the amount of sperm and the quality RNA. Therefore, the control of the light room in the experimental laboratory needs to be considered, especially during the further experiment which related to the quality of sperm, RNA, and body weight of mice.
The Diagnostic Value of Urinary Secretory Antigen Target of 6 kDa in Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Iskandar Agustin , Lawanto Ella Melissa , Zulhaidah Maimun , Olivianto Ery , Handono Kusworini , Anshory Muhammad , Aprilia Andrea , Aryati Aryati
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Childhood tuberculosis (TB) is difficult to diagnosed and is  based together on  clinical and microbiology examinations. Since in children  signs and symptoms of TB are not typical and sputum is  difficult to be obtained,  Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigen detection  could  be considered  as a non invasive method for early detection of childhood TB. ESAT-6 is a low molecular weight specific protein that plays an important role in Mtb virulence. Aim. To determine the diagnostic value of urinary ESAT-6 for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Methodology.This was a cross-sectional study, with consecutive sampling collection . in children aging between  0-14 years suspected for pulmonary TB based on the clinical presence of  :cough lasting  more than 2 weeks, fever without clear ethiology, loss of body weight or poor weight gain, fatigue, malaise with positive history of contact with sputum smear from adult TB patients. Diagnosis of pulmonary TB was based on clinical presentation plus tuberculin positive skin test, chest x-ray, AFB staining and/or sputum culture. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria but unconfirmed by clinical and microbiological were considered as control (non-TB group). Urinary ESAT-6 level was analyzed by using ELISA. Cut off value and AUC was determined using ROC Statistical Analysis (SPSS 20.0). Sensitivity and specificity was measured from 2x2 crosstable. Result. Between the 61 studied children with suspected TB, 46/61 (75%) were finally diagnosed with TB, with 34/46 (74%) microbiologically confirmed cases either by sputum microscopy 31/34 (91%) or culture 3/34 (9%), whereas 15/61 (25%) subjects were not-confirmed cases (non-TB group). The mean value of urinary ESAT-6 level was higher in TB than non-TB group, Mean (SD) [4.855(6.714)] ng/mLvs [1.503(0.946)] ng/mL; p=<0.001(Mann-Whitney test). At ROC curve analysis ,the cut off value of urinary ESAT-6 in subjects TB  confirmed both with clinical plus microbiology evaluation  as reference standard was 1,91 ng/mL, with sensitivity 72% and specificity 67%. While the cut off value of ESAT-6 in TB subjects confirmed group only by clinical signs was 2.45 ng/mL, with sensitivity 65% and specificity 67%. Conclusion. For  TB Diagnosis in Children, Urinary ESAT-6 urine could be considered  of   value  when  utilized in addition to microbiological tests and clinical examination.
Analysis Predictors of the Outcome of Adjuvant of Hormone Therapy on Estrogen Receptor-positive Breast Cancer in Indonesia
Authors: Dasman Hardisman , Harahap Wirsma Arif , Khambri Daan
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: An existing study reported variation of the outcome of adjuvant hormone therapy on breast cancer.

AIM: This study aimed to examine predictors of the hormone therapy to the outcome of recurrence-free survival (RFS) of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer.

METHODS: In this cohort study, we followed up 219 eligible breast cancer patients with ER+ who had hormone therapy in 2017–2018. Age of patients, cancer stage, and various histopathology parameters were collected from the medical records, then we followed up with the patients within 2 years (2019–2020) to assess the RFS outcome. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess the association between the clinicopathology parameters with RFS outcome. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was also performed to see the dominant predictor. Mediation path analysis was also performed to determine the estimated effect of a predictor on the level of RFS and to see the visualization of the association of predictors with RFS.

RESULTS: Breast cancer RFS was 91.3% within 2 years of hormone therapy. The recurrent rate was only 8.7%, which most of them (68.4%) were local. There was no association of age, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status with RFS. Based on the molecular subtype, the RFS was better in luminal A (p = 0.045), and also better gradually in the lower stage (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis shows that the cancer stage was the dominant predictor of the RFS outcome (p = 0.001) with OR = 4.271 (Exp[B] = 1.937–9.417). Mediation analysis also found that there was a positively associated molecular subtype with RFS through cancer stage mediation (r = 16.7%, p = 0.006) but no statistically significant association of age, LVI, PR, and HER2 status (p > 0.005).

CONCLUSION: Cancer stage is the main predictor of RFS of hormone therapy outcome. Luminal A is most also likely to have a better outcome of RFS, especially mediated by the lower stage.
Study of Knowledge of Hand Disinfection and Dental Impressions in Everyday Practice among Dental Students during a Pandemic by Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Stoeva Velina , Bozhkova Tanya , Atanasowski Aleksandar , Kondeva Veselina
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Dentistry is risky for acquiring and spreading a lot of infections. Patients in dental practice, especially those treated with dental prostheses, are at high risk both for acquisition and as a source of infectious diseases.

AIM: Our study aims to estimate the level of knowledge about transmission of infections, hygienic disinfection of hands, and dental impressions among dental students during a pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online anonymous survey was conducted among 106 students of dental medicine from the Faculty of Dental Medicine - Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

RESULTS: According to 8.5% of students, hands are a factor for transmission of infections only if they are visibly contaminated and 2.8% do not think that hands are a factor. 19.3% believe that dental impressions could be a factor in transmitting microorganisms from the dentist to the dental technicians only if they are visibly contaminated and 1.8% deny this possibility.

CONCLUSION: In our country, it is necessary to be done and implement in practice a protocol for disinfection of impressions and prostheses, as they are epidemiological factors for the transmission of microorganisms between the dental office and the dental laboratory. The results in practice, after the implementation of the protocol, should be checked regularly.
A Rare Case: Tuberculous Peritonitis, Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis, and Incisional Hernia in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Kurniaatmaja Enita R. , Bandiara Ria , Oktaviyanti Ika Kustiyah , Rudiansyah Mohammad
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Peritonitis is the most common infectious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) with an estimated ratio of 1:20–30 patients per month. In addition, less than 3% cases are due to Mycobacteria, although not all are caused by Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Therefore, specific examinations are needed for proper diagnosis. Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), another rare complication of PD, accounts for 0.7–13.6 per 1000 patients per year.
CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old man undergoing PD, with complaints of intermittent abdominal pain and cloudy fluid, followed by nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Furthermore, visible protrusion was observed on the abdominal wall due to the wound from the Tenckhoff catheter insertion surgery. This is clearly comprehended as the patient sits or stands but disappears on lying down. Along with the condition, continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) ultrafiltration ability decreases, rough defecation occurs, with a hard sensation on the lower right abdomen. Moreover, the patient had earlier suffered peritonitis for the 3rd time. The results of the dialysate fluid analysis showed a cloudy liquid coloration, as the number of cells 278, polymorphonuclear 87, mononuclear 13, Ziehl–Neelsen +1 and acid-resistant bacteria +3 staining, including GeneXpert MTB/RIF, were positive. Furthermore, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a thick peritoneum, partly with calcification, air-filled intestinal, dilated colon with wall thickening. Furthermore, the mesentery lining the liver and intestine were observed to be dense with multiple calcifications to support an EPS. Definitive diagnosis is confirmed by laparotomy and/or laparoscopy, but CT scan provides an alternative. Subsequently, CAPD utilization is discontinued and switched to renal replacement therapy to hemodialysis twice a week due to several complications associated with PD, ranging from recurrent peritonitis, tuberculous peritonitis, EPS, and incisional hernias responsible for an ineffective PD ultrafiltration.
CONCLUSION: At present, the combination of clinical symptoms, radiology, and medical pathology remains the key to diagnosing tuberculous peritonitis and EPS. Consequently, prompt and precise analysis determines a good prognosis.
Perioperative Approach in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Kuci Saimir , Ibrahimi Alfred , Memeti Shaban , Goga Marsela , Dumani Selman , Refatllari Ali
Published: September 2021

Background: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disorder that causes the destruction and overall decrease in functional acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. The resultant respiratory and cardiovascular implications are a primary cause of mortality; therefore, a complete and comprehensive understandings of this disorder is vital for the anesthesia provider. Anesthesia management in myasthenia gravis is a great challenge for all anesthesiologists. In this disease, even small doses of muscle relaxants could lead to delayed recovery for respiratory muscles.
Case report: We present the case of a 38 years old woman (weight 87 kg) diagnosed with Myasthenia Gravis, which symptoms has worsened recently. The case demonstrates the anesthetic challenges involved, with a focus on the overall approach, pharmacologic considerations, physiological changes, and an emphasis on preoperative operative and post-operative optimization.
Conclusion: Thymectomy is a common procedure performed in cases of myasthenia gravis (MG) with a thymoma or general MG that does not improve with medical therapy. During anesthesia the use of propofol or sevoflurane with opioids without the use of any neuromuscular blocking agents has been used with success.
Molecular Acquisition, Cleaning and Evaluation in R (MACER) - A tool to assemble molecular marker datasets from BOLD and GenBank
Authors: Young Robert , Gill Rekkab , Gillis Daniel , Hanner Robert
Published: September 2021

Molecular sequence data is an essential component for many biological fields of study. The strength of these data is in their ability to be centralised and compared across research studies. There are many online repositories for molecular sequence data, some of which are very large accumulations of varying data types like NCBI’s GenBank. Due to the size and the complexity of the data in these repositories, challenges arise in searching for data of interest. While data repositories exist for molecular markers, taxa and other specific research interests, repositories may not contain, or be suitable for, more specific applications. Manually accessing, searching, downloading, accumulating, dereplicating and cleaning data to construct project-specific datasets is time-consuming. In addition, the manual assembly of datasets presents challenges with reproducibility. Here, we present the MACER package to assist researchers in assembling molecular datasets and provide reproducibility in the process.
The ant associates of Lycaenidae butterfly caterpillars – revisited
Authors: Fiedler Konrad
Published: September 2021

Based on a global compilation of data on ant associates of 523 Lycaenidae species, a synthesis is attempted as to which ants participate in these interactions. Ants from 63 genera have thus far been observed as visitors of facultative myrmecophiles or as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles among the Lycaenidae. Over 98% of records come from nectarivorous and trophobiotic ants in just three subfamilies, viz. Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae, with the genera Crematogaster and Camponotus occupying the top ranks. Accumulation analysis suggests that rather few ant genera remain to be added to the list of associates. The representation of ant genera as attendants of lycaenid immatures is related to their global species richness, but with some notable exceptions. Ants that form ecologically dominant, large, long-lived colonies are over-represented as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles. The taxonomic diversity of lycaenid-ant associations is highest in the Oriental and Australian region, and lowest in the Neotropical and Afrotropical region. Among tropical African lycaenids, this is due to two butterfly lineages (genus Lepidochrysops and subfamily Aphnaeinae) that have massively radiated in the Neogene, but mostly maintaining their general affiliations with either Camponotus or Crematogaster ants, respectively. Many tropical and subtropical lycaenids nowadays form associations also with invasive alien tramp ants, giving rise to novel mutualistic interactions.
Dermatitis in community pharmacies: a survey on italian pharmacists’ management and implications on corticophobia
Authors: Giua Corrado , Floris Nicolina P. , Schlich Michele , Keber Enrico , Gelmetti Carlo
Published: September 2021

Community pharmacists represent an important resource for the promotion of a safer and more effective self-management of common skin diseases, as well as the provision of educational support on therapies prescribed by clinicians, ultimately improving patients’ adherence. In this study, a semi-structured survey was administered to 154 Italian community pharmacists, in order to acquire information on their counseling activity on dermatological disorders. Collected data provide an overview on the frequency and methodology of counseling offered in Italian community pharmacies, identifying knowledge gaps and misbeliefs. In particular, an overall negative opinion on topical corticosteroid therapy emerged among pharmacists, unveiling a phenomenon previously described as corticophobia. Starting from this observation, we discuss the risks for patients’ adherence, associated with corticophobia among pharmacists. Lastly, we briefly report on the main tools desired by pharmacists to improve their education on dermatology, envisioning their implementation with the aim of a more effective counseling.
A novel derivative of picolinic acid induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cells: synthesis, docking study, and anticancer activity
Authors: Abbas Ali H. , Mahmood Ammar A. Razzak , Tahtamouni Lubna H. , Al-Mazaydeh Zainab A. , Rammaha Majdoleen S. , Alsoubani Fatima , Al-bayati Rheda I.
Published: September 2021

Thirteen new derivatives of picolinic acid (4–7) were designed and synthesized from the starting parent molecule, picolinic acid. The new compounds were characterized by ATR-FTIR, 1HNMR, and CHNS analysis. A molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of the synthesized compounds toward EGFR kinase domain that indicated occupation of the critical site of EGFR kinase pocket and excellent positioning of the compounds in the pocket. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7), the non-tumorigenic MCF10A cell line, and white blood cells (WBC) was evaluated using the MTT assay. Compound 5 showed anticancer activity against A549 lung cancer cells (IC50 = 99.93 µM) but not against MCF-7 breast cancer cells or normal cells. Compound 5 mediated cytotoxicity in A549 lung cancer cells by inducing apoptotic cell death, as suggested by fragmented nuclei after DAPI staining, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, compound 5 triggered the activation of caspases 3, 4 and 9. However, compound 5 treatment did not affect the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, as compared to the vehicle-treated control cells. Nevertheless, compound 5-treated cells reported greater release of smac/DIABLO to the cytosol. In the same context, both compound 5 and thapsigargin (specific inhibitor of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)) enhanced eIF2 phosphorylation, reflecting the activation of the atypical ER stress pathway and the potential applicability of compound 5 in lung cancer treatment.
A digital dietary assessment tool may help identify malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies in hospitalized patients
Authors: Bernstein Adam , Moore Randall , Rhee Lauren , Aronson Dina , Katz David
Published: September 2021

Malnutrition is common among hospitalized patients and associated with longer hospital stays, higher rates of rehospitalization, and increased mortality. Validated questionnaires of varying sensitivity and specificity to help identify patients at risk of malnutrition have been developed, but none has been broadly adopted. Tools to identify patients at risk for malnutrition should be quick, inexpensive, easy to administer and use, not require specialized nutrition knowledge, and provide results which can be entered into an electronic medical record; ideally, the tool should be deployed within 24 hours of admission and repeated if warranted. We hypothesize that a novel digital nutrition assessment tool which uses the Diet Quality Photo Navigation (DQPN) method, can help triage hospitalized patients toward further evaluation of nutritional status. We further propose that micronutrient deficiencies may be identified at the same time as malnutrition and that the reimbursement and cost savings from DQPN will prove substantially greater than the combined costs of its use and triggered dietitian consult. Deploying DQPN upon admission will represent an addition to standard hospital intake procedure that is frictionless for patients and health professionals, and one which may be overseen by clerical rather than clinical staff. The digital format of DQPN, which can be integrated into electronic medical records, will facilitate easier tracking and management of nutritional status over the course of hospitalization and post-discharge. To evaluate the hypotheses, DQPN will be deployed in a hospital setting to a group of patients who will also be seen by a registered dietitian to assess the nutritional status of each patient. Receiver operating characteristic curves will determine the point, or criterion, at which maximal true positivity rate and least false positivity rate for a diagnosis of malnutrition and specific nutrient deficiencies align. The study cohort will also be compared to a matched historical cohort to compare total medical spend and reimbursement between the intervention cohort and matched control. Testing of these hypotheses will thus allow for insight into whether DQPN may be used to identify malnutrition and nutrient deficiencies in hospitalized patients and, in so doing, improve patient outcomes, reduce healthcare utilization, and bring financial benefit to hospitals.
Nettoyer, contrôler et cibler : les engrenages de violence et la guerre de l’OTAN contre le terrorisme en Afghanistan
Authors: Pomarède Julien
Published: September 2021

Il est désormais admis que l’après-guerre froide, et plus encore la guerre contre le terrorisme post-11 septembre 2001, ont donné lieu à un interventionnisme occidental permanent, caractérisé par un engrenage de la violence militaire. Toutefois, peu d’analyses portent sur les conditions sociopolitiques à partir desquelles les appareils diplomatico-militaires usent de cette violence et, surtout, la conçoivent comme logique et instrumentale en dépit de ses impasses. En explorant les luttes d’influence au sein de la FIAS (Force internationale d’assistance et de sécurité), la mission de l’OTAN en Afghanistan, nous cherchons à rendre compte de la plasticité du sens et des significations investis dans ces rapports de force. La domination diplomatico-militaire d’un groupe d’acteurs (celui des États-Unis) sur un autre (celui des Européens) résulte en effet de logiques de compromis caractérisées par d’irréductibles multiplicités de significations. Cette pluralité, encastrée dans les âpres négociations multilatérales relatives aux nombreux enjeux concernant le pilotage de la guerre, est le fondement d’une violence dont l’usage continu constitue, in fine , le dénominateur commun du consensus interventionniste. Loin d’être des machines de guerre devenues incontrôlables, ces interventions sont en fait le produit sociologique de luttes et d’accords qui rationalisent ces spirales de violence contemporaines.
Comment une chimère est devenue une politique internationale : l’arène de la « paix positive »
Authors: Lefranc Sandrine
Published: September 2021

En contrepoint des modalités usuelles d’intervention des organisations internationales en faveur de la paix, une arène s’est développée autour des ambitions de peacebuilding et de « paix positive ». Les initiatives prises dans ce cadre contournent les élites des gouvernements pour susciter le dialogue et construire, à l’échelle locale, des liens entre les gens « ordinaires ». Confrontées à ce que les sciences sociales disent de la guerre et de la paix, ces pratiques paraissent chimériques. Comment expliquer alors leur diffusion depuis la fin de la guerre froide ? À rebours des hypothèses privilégiées par l’étude des relations internationales et à partir de l’étude d’une diversité d’organisations non gouvernementales appréhendées comme autant de maillons d’une chaîne d’intervention, nous montrons que cette arène n’est pas née d’un projet impérialiste ou d’un contre-projet militant. La proposition a priori naïve d’une paix positive tire sa force et sa capacité à structurer des interventions internationales, d’une part, des causes locales (principalement aux États-Unis) qu’elle transpose à l’échelle internationale, d’autre part, de la constitution « en miroir » de l’espace académique et des politiques internationales de paix. Ce sont ces projections, ces rencontres et ces interdépendances qui, d’une chimère, font une politique.
« Asseoir l’État » en territoire amazonien : l’extraction pétrolière entre production et contestation de l’ordre national
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris
Published: September 2021

Alors que les conflits environnementaux d’Amérique latine semblent éprouver frontalement les pouvoirs publics, l’observation des terrains extractifs laisse entrevoir des processus plus ambivalents. À partir d’une ethnographie menée aux abords du plus ancien site pétrolier d’Amazonie péruvienne, j’explore les liens entre l’exploitation des sous-sols d’une nation, les contestations qu’elle suscite et la formation de l’État. Je développe ainsi une analyse par le bas des modes de gouvernement et des contestations qui se déploient autour de l’exploitation de la nature, en tant que processus qui influent sur la production d’un ordre politique national. Je montre tout d’abord comment, sur le temps long de l’histoire amazonienne, l’exploitation des ressources naturelles a été un instrument au service du contrôle exercé sur le territoire. Je reviens ensuite sur la contribution du développement de l’industrie pétrolière au gouvernement des populations amazoniennes depuis les années 1970. Enfin, je m’intéresse aux habitant·es confronté·es à l’industrie pétrolière qui, en se mobilisant face à l’État, contribuent à consolider sa légitimité et son assise territoriale aux frontières du pays.
Évaluation du sentiment de sécurité postnatal chez les mères : adaptation et validation en langue française du Parents’ Postnatal Sense of Security instrument (PPSSi)
Authors: Schaming Céline , Wendland Jaqueline
Published: September 2021

Le sentiment de sécurité parental dans le post-partum, tant sur le plan physique qu’affectif, est un prédicteur reconnu du bien-être des nouveaux parents. Cette étude transversale avait pour objectif d’étudier les qualités psychométriques de la traduction française du questionnaire Parents’ Postnatal Sense of Security instrument (PPSSi) de Persson, et al. (2007) dans sa version pour les mères. Il a été administré à un échantillon de 874 mères françaises ayant un bébé âgé de la naissance à 6 mois. La fidélité test-retest a été évaluée auprès de 304 mères. Les résultats font état d’une très bonne consistance interne de l’outil (α = 0,85) et d’une excellente fidélité test-retest (ρ = 0,86). Les validités de construit et convergente sont également satisfaisantes. Ce questionnaire est donc un outil d’évaluation utile et fiable de la sécurité émotionnelle des mères dans le post-partum.
Implication paternelle chez des enfants d’âge préscolaire. Contributions des styles parentaux et de l’affectivité négative de l’enfant
Authors: Santos Carolina , Monteiro Ligia , Torres Nuno , Tereno Susana
Published: September 2021

Cette étude vise à analyser les facteurs prédictifs de l’implication du père, en tenant compte du style parental, du niveau d’études et les heures de travail, ainsi que des caractéristiques des enfants : leur âge, sexe et affectivité négative. Cent quatre-vingt-six familles nucléaires, avec des enfants d’âge préscolaire (90 garçons), ont participé à l’étude. Les résultats indiquent que les facteurs prédictifs significatifs de l’implication paternelle sont : pour les soins directs, le niveau d’études et les heures de travail du père ; pour l’enseignement/la discipline son style démocrate (directif) ; et pour le jeu et le niveau d’études. Il existe également des interactions significatives entre le style démocrate (directif) du père et l’affectivité négative de l’enfant dans l’enseignement/la discipline et le jeu.
Alexeï Gastev, ingénieur du Nouveau Monde
Authors: Koulaeva Alexandra
Published: September 2021

La vie et les idées politiques, littéraires et scientifiques de l’« ingénieur du nouveau monde » russe Alexeï Gastev (1882-1939) illustrent les jalons importants et les paradoxes tragiques de son pays et de son époque. Révolutionnaire professionnel, arrêté maintes fois mais toujours évadé ; ouvrier par choix dans des usines russes et françaises ; écrivain, journaliste et poète célèbre ; syndicaliste qui organisa les premières grandes grèves russes de 1905, il est parvenu à la présidence du comité central de la gigantesque Union des ouvriers métallurgistes en 1917. Les années 1920 marquent un développement sans équivalent des théories de l’organisation du travail dans la Russie post-révolutionnaire. Gastev, souvent mentionné comme vulgarisateur en Russie des idées de Taylor et de Ford, a pourtant maintenu toute sa vie une certaine opposition à une partie de leurs idées, tout en assumant une grande inspiration de leurs méthodes. Théoricien et créateur il y a exactement 100 ans de l’Institut Central du Travail (TsIT) à Moscou, d’où sortirent 500 000 ouvriers qualifiés dans 200 spécialités, Alexeï Gastev a été élevé dans les années 1930 au rang de ministre de la Standardisation de l’Union soviétique et a contribué à la création d’un système du travail très éloigné de son idéal romantique initial du travail libérateur. Entre son exécution en 1939, victime du colosse qu’il avait aidé à construire, et les années 1990, une seule monographie et une poignée d’articles de recherche lui avaient été consacrés, tous hors de son pays. Les articles publiés en URSS pendant ces années étaient soit des préfaces à ses quelques œuvres rééditées, soit de brèves mentions dans des articles plus généraux, qui mettaient surtout en honneur son passé révolutionnaire. Cet article retrace à la fois le destin de Gastev et de ses idées, avant et après sa disparition, et l’intérêt récent et croissant qui sort de façon spectaculaire ce nom d’un oubli long de plusieurs décennies.
Factory management in Chinese capitalist enterprises in the 1950s. The case of the Shanghai silk weaving industry labor-capital consultative conference
Authors: Cliver Robert
Published: September 2021

L’économie chinoise n’est pas passée sous contrôle de l’État avec la victoire des communistes en 1949. Le processus de transformation des entreprises industrielles privées et capitalistes en entreprises opérant dans le cadre d’une économie socialiste planifiée a pris plusieurs années. Au cours de cette période de transition, les employeurs, les cadres et les ouvriers des entreprises privées ont réagi aux changements radicaux survenus dans le gouvernement, la société et l’économie en résistant, en s’adaptant ou en créant des formes entièrement nouvelles de relations sociales. Les Conférences consultatives travail-capital (劳资协商会议), instaurées par la loi dans toutes les usines privées, en sont un exemple. Ni largement répandue ni très concluante, cette nouvelle forme de relations de travail dans l’industrie privée n’a pas survécu à la mise en place de la collectivisation en 1956. Néanmoins, dans certains cas, comme dans l’industrie du tissage de la soie à Shanghai, ces nouvelles formes de gestion consultative ont permis d’atteindre les objectifs de coopération entre travailleurs et employeurs et de redressement économique fixés au début des années 1950. Malgré leur importance potentielle pour résoudre les contradictions du capitalisme industriel, la majorité des spécialistes de la Chine ont négligé ces exemples de coopération entre travail et capital dans le contexte chinois. Cet article comble cette lacune en offrant une nouvelle perspective sur cette expérience avortée de la révolution chinoise.