bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Simeone Silvio , Stile Filomena , Assunta Guillari , Gargiulo Gianpaolo , Rea Teresa
Published: July 2019

The international literature concerning cesarean surgeries (CSs) make it clear that many of these procedures are unnecessary. Using a phenomenological methodology, we seek to understand the experiences and decisions of women who have undergone vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Various factors contribute to the choice of VBAC. Making VBAC a more regular practice would contribute to a decrease in the total number of repeat CSs. The purpose of this study is threefold: (a) to understand the process that women use to select a VBAC rather than a repeat cesarean, (b) to understand the mothers' lived experience of that VBAC, and (c) to use the aforementioned data to inform the development of new educational programs for mothers considering VBAC.
A Labor Support Workshop to Improve Undergraduate Nursing Students' Understanding of the Importance of High Touch in a High-Tech World
Authors: Burgess Adriane , Morin Luukia , Shiffer Wendy
Published: July 2019

This article presents the development and evaluation of a labor support workshop aimed at providing senior undergraduate nursing students with education on the provision of labor support. In collaboration with a Lamaze educator, a two and half hour interactive educational session was developed. The workshop included both a didactic and a hands-on component which included physical labor support strategies, which could be utilized in the clinical setting. Pre-and postintervention data was collected on students' knowledge and self-efficacy in the provision of labor support, as well as, data on their use of these strategies while in the clinical setting. The labor support workshop was well received by students (4.9/5) and increased their self-reported knowledge (p = <.001) and self-efficacy (p = <.001) in the provision of labor support.
La economía mexicana en su laberinto neoliberal
Authors: Calva José Luis
Published: July 2019

Este artículo evalúa el desempeño de la economía mexicana durante seis sexenios de aplicación de la estrategia económica neoliberal (1983-2018), así como sus efectos en la distribución funcional del ingreso, el empleo y el bienestar social. Analiza los instrumentos de política económica de esta estrategia, en contraste con los instrumentos de la estrategia de desarrollo económico liderado por el Estado aplicada en México durante el periodo de 1935 a 1982, así como sus resultados: el PIB real de México creció 6.1% anual en el periodo de 1935 a 1982, mientras que en el periodo de 1983 a 2018 sólo creció 2.3% anual; y el PIB per cápita real creció 3.2 y 0.7% anual, respectivamente. El autor presenta también un análisis comparativo de la estrategia neoliberal aplicada en México con la estrategia heterodoxa de desarrollo aplicada en China durante el periodo de 1982 a 2018, contrastando sus resultados: en 1982 la economía de México era mayor que la de China; hoy la economía de China es 10 veces mayor que la mexicana. Finalmente, el autor presenta un sucinto análisis de los orígenes del neoliberalismo en México, su ascenso al poder en la década de los ochenta y los contextos internacional y nacional de este proceso.
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, PENDAPATAN PERKAPITA DAN ANGKATAN KERJA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMISKINAN ABSOLUTE DI KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA
Authors: Erfani Muhammad Husien
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendapatan Perkapita, dan Angkatan Kerja Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Absolut di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara pada tahun 2006-2015. Kemiskinan merupakan penyebab dalam pembangunan ekonomi dimana kondisi yang mempengaruhi secara dominan adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi, pendapatan perkapita, dan angkatan kerja di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara.
Metode analisis ini adalah refgresi linier berganda, date Time series, dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif yang menggunakan data bersifat sekunder. Dengan menganalisis selama 10 tahun menggunakan Uji statistik yaitu uji R-square (R2), uji simultan (uji F), uji parsial (uji T) dan Uji Asumsi Klasik (Uji Normalitas, Uji Multikolineritas, Uji Heteroskedastisitas, Uji Autokorelasi) yang dibantu program alat komputer e-views 9.0.
Adapun juga pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan absolut di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara. Faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi tinkat kemiskinan absolute adalah Pendapatan perkapita.
¿Mejora la CIE-11 los propósitos epidemiológicos y nosológicos de los Trastornos mentales, del comportamiento y del desarrollo?
Authors: Bobes Bascarán María Teresa , Flórez Gerardo , Seijo Pedro , Bobes García Julio
Published: July 2019

Editorial del vol 31(3).
Virtual Power Plants and Their Prospects
Authors: Feksa Ramos Lucas , Neves Canha Luciane
Published: July 2019

This article presents an in-depth review of Virtual Power Plant (VPP), its organization in the energy system and its prospects in the face of the promising future of the increasing bidirectional complexity exposed in the current scenario. A new paradigm for the operations of modern power distribution and transmission systems requires greater grid flexibility that is accompanying an extensive change in the structure of electricity markets, the fruit of the development of the renewable industry and of the growing photovoltaic systems popularized, but in contrast due to the intermittent nature cause variable uncertainties in the power system. Innovative concepts like VPP are becoming a reality, establishing an efficient and effective mechanism. The objectives and components are described in a comprehensive way, and some of the most important are pointed out and presented in detail to contribute with a description of the energy systems and the implicit research needed for sustainability and resilience in the eminent energy scenario with this technology. In addition, the literature and studies of this technology already indicate a direction of this new tool as a promising solution to manage the uncertainties of the renewable energies.
Mechanisms Underlying the Altered Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells via Small Interfering RNA Specific Snail-1 Transcription Factor in HEC-1A Cells
Authors: Jiang Jun , Wang Jianfen , Shen Yong , Jiang Xuelu
Published: July 2019

Snail-1 is a transcription factor that play a role in the regulation of invasion, and metastasis of malignant cells via modulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Here in the current investigation, we knocked down the expression of Snail-1 through small interference RNA (siRNA) in Endometrial carcinoma (EC) associating cell line, namely HEC-1A, and then assessed the migration and proliferation of the transfected cells. We exerted Snail-1 specific siRNA to transfect the HEC-1A cells. Using quantitative Real-time PCR, the mRNA expression levels of Snail-1, MMP-9, Vimentin, and E-cadherin as well as expression level of miR-34a were measured. In addition, western blotting was carried out to determine the protein level of Snail-1. Using MTT and migration assay, the ability of transfected HEC-1A cells in proliferation and migration was evaluated. Snail-1 mRNA and protein expressions were decreased after transfection of HEC-1A cells. As well transfection caused decreased expression of MMP-9 and vimentin, while the expressions of E-cadherin and miR-34a were increased. Transfection of HEC-1A cells resulted in promoted apoptosis rate and reduced migration ability. EMT of EC tumor cells is partially under the impression of Snail-1, which alters the apoptosis and metastasis of these cells. As a consequence, silencing Snail-1 by siRNA may suggest a potentially promising tool in the EC therapy.
Approximate and Situated Causality in Deep Learning
Authors: Vallverdú Jordi
Published: July 2019

Causality is the most important topic in the history of Western Science, and since the beginning of the statistical paradigm, it meaning has been reconceptualized many times. Causality entered into the realm of multi-causal and statistical scenarios some centuries ago. Despite of widespread critics, today Deep Learning and Machine Learning advances are not weakening causality but are creating a new way of finding indirect factors correlations. This process makes possible us to talk about approximate causality, as well as about a situated causality.
Environmentally Sound Spatial Management Using Conservation and Land Evaluation Approach at Sloping Lands in Humid Tropic (A case study of Antang Kalang sub-district, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)
Authors: Bhermana Andy , Susilawati Susilawati
Published: July 2019

The main problem faced by sloping lands in the humid tropic includes land degradation influencing natural ecosystem damage broadly. Land conversion and improper land-use have been widely recognized as the main cause of environmental damage since the demands for agricultural lands become greater than land resource available. The objective of this study was to determine the concept of appropriate land-use planning through environmentally sound spatial management in order to prevent land and environmental degradation.  The sub-district of Antang Kalang was chosen as study area representing sloping lands in humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion. Conservation approach by the use of USLE erosion risk prediction model and land evaluation through land suitability classification was used in this study. The geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology were applied to generate spatial basic information and to assist in spatial analysis. Two crops, upland rice, and rubber,  representing food crop and estate p have been selected based on the local resource that has been existed since a long time ago. The result of spatial analysis shown that the arable land for agricultural practices covers  9,039 hectares (23.19%) while for non-arable land, it is allocated for forest preservation with total areas 29,934 hectares (76.81%). Land-use planning and land resources management involving conservation aspect and land suitability evaluation should be taken into account for farming practice at sloping lands areas since the value of soil loss potential appears as an indicator of erosion risk. Permanent cultivation system and the intercropping farming system is the option of recommended agricultural practice at sloping lands in the humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion.
Epizootic Situation in the Mongolian Part of the Transboundary Sailugem Natural Plague Focus in 2018
Authors: Korzun V. M. , Balakhonov S. V. , Denisov A. V. , Rozhdestvensky E. N. , Tokmakova E. G. , Sanarov P. P. , Akulova S. S. , Kosilko S. A. , Otgonbayar D. , Orgilbayar L. , Batzhav D. , Urzhikh Ch. , Togoldor N. , Makhbal A. , Tsogbadrakh N. , Tserennorov D.
Published: July 2019

Objectiveof the study was monitoring of epizootic situation in the Mongolian part of the trans-boundary Sailugem natural plague focus through 2018 for optimization of preventive and anti-epidemic activities to decrease the level of risk of human plague cases among the population in the border areas of Mongolia and Russia.

Materials and methods. Epizootic survey was conducted across the area of 2668 km2 ; 282 mammals, 261 ectoparasites, including 257 fleas, were tested for plague. All laboratory investigations of the field material were carried out in the mobile laboratory for monitoring and diagnostics, mounted on the platform of KAMAZ. Field samples were subjected to molecular-genetic (PCR) and serological tests. Fresh and mummified pickings of birds of prey, corpses, caught rodents and lagomorphs, fleas collected from corpses, were tested using immune-chromatographic method (ICM) to detect capsular antigen (F1) of plague microbe. PCR and ICM positive samples were investigated applying bacteriological method. In the course of epizootiological survey, GIS-tools were employed. All the results obtained were plotted on electronic maps using QGIS 2.12.3 software package.

Results and discussion. The total of 47 Yersinia pestis ssp. pestis strains were isolated from grey marmots and their fleas. Y. pestis DNA was detected in 60 objects. Serological testing showed 60 positive results. Contamination of the caught souslik with plague agent reached 4.5 % (n=22), fresh corpses and picking of predatory birds – 63.4 % (n=41), mummified corpses and leftovers, skeletal remains – 10.0 % (n=140). It was established that in the border territory, adjacent to Russia, an intensive diffused plague epizooty, caused by the agent of the main subspecies, takes place. All epizootic manifestations were revealed at the altitudes of 2400–2800 m above sea level, in densely populated grey marmot settlements. The epizooty was registered in most of the southern macro-slope of Sailugem ridge, throughout 100 km and along the whole Karalakhtu ridge – throughout 30 km. The epizooty area, confirmed by plague agent isolation, amounted to 1207 km2 (45.2 % of the examined territory).
Menyingkap Tabir Realitas Tax Amnesty
Authors: Ramadan Greska Redielano , Afiqoh Nyimas Wardatul
Published: July 2019

Tax amnesty is a shape of government’s programme to increase receiptents from tax
sector. Whilst, the effectiveness of these programme need to be evaluated. Data
showed that from taxpayer participation and the target of tax amnesty sides, it
doesn’t in line with what expected. This paper addr essed to reveal the reality of tax
amnesty. The meaning realities of tax amnesty would parsed with peeling subject
consciousness. This research would implicate to figure the meaning of tax amnesty
in term to reflect taxpayer compliance phenomenon from the taxpayer and tax
consultant perspectives. This study classified as qualitative research with
interpretive paradigm, whilst, the research methodology used trancendental
phenomenology. This research could discover a few meaning of tax amnesty. From
the taxpayer and tax consultant, a few point discovered are tax amnesty is about
calculating profit and loss, the existing rules ass if violated, tax amnesty is effective
but there is the failed side exist, and there is unfair existing within tax amnesty.
Comparing Effect of Auricular Acupressure and Body Acupressure on Pain and Duration of First Stage of Labor: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Alimoradi Zainab , kazemi farideh , Valiani Mahboubeh , Gorji Maryam
Published: July 2019

Background

labor pain is one of the leading causes for fear of childbirth. Acupressure is a non-pharmacological pain relief method which showed promising results. Comparing the effect of body acupressure at multiple points and auricular acupressure on the pain and duration of labor, the present study is designed.

Methods/Design

In a randomized controlled trial, 90 primigravida women who attend for childbirth would be randomly assigned to three groups (interventions: body acupressure and auricular acupressure, control: routine care). In order to determine the allocation sequence with 1:1:1 ratio, the computer-generated 6-block randomization techniques would be used. To hide the allocation, the type of intervention will be written based on the generated sequence and put in opaque enveloped pockets; then, the pockets as well as questionnaires are encoded respectively. The pain score of all the participants would be measured at the peak uterine contraction at the 4cm cervical dilation and at 10 cm dilation based on visual analog scale (VAS). Duration of the active phase of labor in these groups are recorded too. Data are imported into SPSS-16 software. First, normality of the data distribution will be investigated. To compare the labor duration among the research groups, ANOVA would be used, which will be followed, in case of significance, by the Scheffe post-hoc test. Furthermore, Chi-squared test would be used to compare the categorized demographic variables and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests will be used to compare the quantitative variables in the studied groups. significance level of 0.05 is considered significant.

Discussion

In this study the effect of auricular acupressure and body acupressure on pain and duration of first stage of labor will be compared.

Trial registration number

IRCT20180218038789N1 in 2018-03-04; pre result.
Validation and Modification of Staging Systems for Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Haihong , Lin Zhenyu , Li Guiling , Zhang Dejun , Yu Dandan , Lin Qili , Wang Jing , Zhao Ye , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2019

Background

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging classifications and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) are two broadly used systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This study aims to identify the most accurate and useful TNM staging system for poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(pNECs).

Methods

An analysis was performed to evaluate the application of the ENETS, 7th edition (7th) AJCC and 8th edition (8th) AJCC staging classifications using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (N = 568 patients). A modified system was proposed based on analysis of the 7th AJCC classification.

Results

In multivariable analyses, only the 7th AJCC staging system allocated patients into four different risk groups, compared with the 8th AJCC staging system and ENETS staging system, although there was no significant difference. We modified the staging classification by maintaining the T and M definitions of the 7th AJCC staging and adopting new staging definitions. An increased hazard ratio (HR) of death was also observed from class I to class IV for the modified 7th (m7th) staging system (compared with stage I disease; HR for stage II =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.73-2.06, P =0.44; HR for stage III =2.20, 95% CI =1.06-4.56, P=0.03; HR for stage IV =4.95, 95% CI =3.20-7.65, P < 0.001).The concordance index (C-index) was higher for local disease with the m7th AJCC staging system than with the 7th AJCC staging system.

Conclusions

The m7th AJCC staging system for pNECs proposed in this study provides improvements and may be assessed for potential adoption in the next edition.
Inappropriate prescribing among ambulatory elderly patients in a geriatric centre in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akande-Sholabi Wuraola , Ajilore Oluwatobi , Showande Segun J , Adebusoye Lawrence A
Published: July 2019

Background: Inappropriate medication prescribing is a common, major global health concern among the elderly. There are no guidelines to detect potentially inappropriate prescribing in Nigeria among the elderly. Therefore, this study compared the appropriateness of Beers' and Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescription (STOPP)/ Screening Tool to Alert Right Treatment (START) criteria to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing in ambulatory elderly patients in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study at the geriatric centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan was conducted using systematically selected case files of 335 elderly patients aged ≥ 60 years between 1st January and 31st December 2016. With the aid of a data extraction sheet, information on the socio-demographic characteristics, drug utilisation pattern and morbidities were obtained from the most recent prescription in the case files. The 2015 American Geriatrics Society (AGS)-Beers Criteria, and version 2 of the STOPP and START were subsequently used to identify the Potentially Inappropriate Prescribing (PIP) and Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPOs). Associations between polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) and multimorbidity (presence of 2 or more diseases), and AGS Beers and STOPP/START criteria were determined with Chi-square test at p <0.05. Results: Mean age of patients was 69 ± 0.4 years (range 60-85 years) and 219 (65.4%) were females. An average of 4.2 medications per patient prescription was found. The Beers criteria identified 26.5% PIMs, while STOPP criteria identified 57.1% PIMs. START detected 29 PPOs in 15 (4.4%) of the patient’s prescription. The most prevalent disease conditions were hypertension 235 (70.1%) and osteoarthritis 64 (19.3%). Polypharmacy was significantly associated with PIMs use in both Beers (p=0.002) and STOPP (p=0.001) criteria. Conclusions: The prevalence of PIP is high among the elderly patients. The STOPP/START criteria identified a higher proportion of PIMs among elderly patients compared with Beers criteria. The frequency of PIP should stimulate efforts to curtail potentially inappropriate prescribing and may require the need for advocating for a national criteria to be adopted by health care professionals in Nigeria. Keywords: Inappropriate prescribing, Beers’ criteria, STOPP/START criteria, Elderly, Nigeria
A novel Bcl-2 inhibitor, BM-1197, Induces apoptosis in Malignant Lymphoma Cells through the Endogenous Apoptotic Pathway
Authors: Sun Yue-Li , Jiang Wen-Qi , Luo Qiu-Yun , Yang Da-Jun , Cai Yu-Chen , Huang Hui-Qiang , Sun Jian
Published: July 2019

Background: Bcl-2 family members play an important role in the development of malignant lymphoma and can induce drug resistance in anticancer treatment. The development of small molecules targeting Bcl-2 family protein can be new strategy for malignant lymphoma treatment. In this study, we investigate the antitumor effect and the cellular mechanism of a novel Bcl-2/Bcl-xL dual inhibitor BM-1197 in DCBCL and Burkitt lymphoma cells. Methods: CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometry. The activity of caspase-3/caspase-9 was determined using the caspase-3/ caspase-9 activity kit. Western blotting analysis was performed to evaluate the change of protein expression. The functional analysis was evalueated via immunoprecipitation and siRNA interference. Human malignant lymphoma xenograft models in nude mice were established for in vivo efficacy detection. Results: We find that BM-1197 exerts potent growth-inhibitory activity against lymphoma cells which harbor Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL high expression in vitro and has synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic drugs. Mechanistically, we see that the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is activated upon BM-1197 treatment. BM-1197 affects the protein interaction of Bak/Bcl-xl, Bim/Bcl-2, Bim/Bcl-xl, PUMA/Bcl-2 and induced conformational change in the Bax protein.which results in activation of Bax and release cytochrome c, and activated caspase -9, -3, -7 and finally induce cell apoptosis. Furthermore, our data demonstrates that BM-1197 exhibits strong anti-tumor effects against established human malignant lymphoma xenograft models. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated BM-1197 exerts potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, and provides promising preclinical data for further development of BM-1197 in malignant lymphoma.
β2AR-HIF-1α-CXCL12 signaling of osteoblasts activated by isoproterenol promotes migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Huang Zhibin , Li Guihuan , Zhang Zhishuai , Gu Ruonan , Wang Wenyang , Lai Xiaoju , Cui Zhong-kai , Zeng Fangyin , Xu Shiyuan , Deng Fan
Published: July 2019

Background

Chronic stress is well known to promote tumor progression, however, the mechanisms that underlie the association of chronic stress with cancer metastasis remain elusive.

Methods

First, the changes in migration and invasion ability of prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU145 were assessed by transwell migration assay. And HIF-1α expression of osteoblasts and the momentous proteins of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PC-3 and DU145 cells were examined by western blot. Then, an analysis of the main cytokines associated with bone metastasis was performed in osteoblasts by qRT-PCR. Finally, HIF-1α siRNA and inhibitor YC-1 were used to assess the reverse of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced changes of HIF-1α in osteoblasts, and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) inhibitor ICI118,551 and CXCR4 inhibitor LY2510924 were used to antagonizes migration and invasion of PC-3 and DU145 cells induced by osteoblasts triggered by ISO.

Results

In this study, ISO, a non-selective β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) agonist, used as a pharmacological surrogate of sympathetic nerve activation induced by chronic stress, exhibits no direct effect on migration and invasion of PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. Whereas, osteoblasts pretreated with ISO promote EMT and migration as well as invasion of PC-3 and DU145 cells, which can be inhibited by β2AR inhibitor. Mechanically, ISO increases the secretion of CXCL12 via the β2AR-HIF-1α signaling in osteoblasts. Moreover, inhibiting CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling with LY2510924 blunts the effects of osteoblasts in response to ISO on EMT and migration as well as invasion of PC-3 and DU145 cells.

Conclusions

These findings indicate that β2AR-HIF-1α-CXCL12 signaling in osteoblasts facilitates migration and invasion as well as EMT of prostate cancer cells, and may play a potential role in affecting bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
Opportunities for selective reporting of harms in randomized clinical trials: Selection criteria for nonsystematic adverse events
Authors: Mayo-Wilson Evan , Fusco Nicole , Hong Hwanhee , Li Tianjing , Canner Joseph K. , Dickersin Kay
Published: July 2019

Background: Adverse events (AEs) in clinical trials may be reported in multiple sources. Different methods for reporting adverse events across trials, or across sources for a single trial, may produce inconsistent information about the adverse events associated with interventions.
Methods: We compared the methods authors use to decide which AEs to include in a particular source (i.e., “selection criteria”), including the number of different types of AEs reported (i.e., rather than the number of events). We compared sources (e.g., journal articles, clinical study reports [CSRs]) of trials for two drug-indications: gabapentin for neuropathic pain and quetiapine for bipolar depression. Electronic searches were completed in 2015. We identified selection criteria and assessed how criteria affected AE reporting.
Results: We identified 21 gabapentin and 7 quetiapine trials. We found 6 gabapentin CSRs and 2 quetiapine CSRs, all written by drug manufacturers. All CSRs reported all AEs without applying selection criteria; by comparison, no other source reported all AEs, and 15/68 (22%) gabapentin sources and 19/48 (40%) quetiapine sources reported using selection criteria. Selection criteria greatly affected the number of AEs reported. For example, 67/316 (21%) AEs in one quetiapine trial met the criterion “occurring in ≥2% of participants in any treatment group,” while only 5/316 (2%) AEs met the criterion, “occurring in ≥10% of quetiapine-treated patients and twice as frequent in the quetiapine group as the placebo group.”
Conclusions: Selection criteria for reporting AEs vary across trials and across sources for individual trials. If investigators do not pre-specify selection criteria, they might “cherry-pick” AEs based on results. Even if investigators pre-specify selection criteria, selective reporting will produce biased meta-analyses and clinical practice guidelines. Data about all AEs identified in clinical trials should be publicly available; however, sharing data will not solve all the problems identified in this study.
Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) intervention for the treatment of psychological distress in adolescents: Study protocol for randomised controlled trials in Lebanon and Jordan
Authors: Brown Felicity Louise , Steen Frederik , Taha Karine , Aoun May , Bryant Richard A. , Jo Mark J.D. , Malik Aiysha , Ommeren Mark van , Abualhaija Adnan , Aqel Ibrahim Said , Ghatasheh Maha , Habashneh Rand , Sijbrandij Marit , Chammay Rabih El , Watts Sarah , Akhtar Aemal
Published: July 2019

Background
There are significant barriers to accessible, quality mental health care for young adolescents affected by adversity. In an attempt to overcome this, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) psychological intervention for young adolescents with internalizing problems. EASE is group-based (seven sessions for adolescents, three sessions for their caregivers) and can be delivered by non-specialist providers. This paper outlines the study protocols for two trials of EASE in the Middle-East - one in Lebanon and one in Jordan.

Methods
We will conduct two, single-blind, two-arm, individually randomised group treatment trials in Lebanon and Jordan, with at least 445 young adolescents per trial. Adolescents will be screened eligible for the trial if they demonstrate levels of psychological distress indicative of internalizing problems requiring treatment. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive the EASE intervention, or enhanced usual care (one home-visit psychoeducation session). The primary outcome is reduction in overall child-reported psychological distress over time, with 3 months post-treatment as the primary end-point. Secondary child-reported outcomes include post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression symptoms, daily functioning, and wellbeing. Secondary caregiver-reported outcomes include parenting style, overall child distress, and caregiver psychological distress. Coping strategy use will be explored as a mediator of treatment effects, and relevant moderators of treatment effects will be explored.

Discussion
These trials will provide the first assessments of the effectiveness of the EASE intervention for use in the middle-east, with important implications for the use of low intensity, non-specialist interventions for this age range.
Identification of a novel mutation in the CACNA1C gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Sun Yajuan , Liu Xiaoyang , Li Jia
Published: July 2019

Background: Hereditary ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cerebellar ataxia of the gait and limbs as the main symptoms. The genetic patterns of the disease are diverse but it is mainly divided into autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and about 45 pathogenic loci have been found in ADCA. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic defect in a Chinese family with ADCA. Methods: A three-generation Chinese family with ADCA was enrolled in this study, Exome sequencing was conducted in four family members, including the proband, and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The rs779393130 mutation of the CACNA1C gene co-segregated with the ataxia phenotype in this family. The mutation was not detected in 50 unaffected controls. Conclusions: The rs779393130 mutation of CACNA1C may be associated with the phenotype of the disease. The CACNA1C gene encodes the Cav1.2 (alpha-1) subunit of an L-type calcium channel and this subunit may be related to the ADCA phenotype. These findings may have implications for family clinical monitoring and genetic counseling and may also help in understanding pathogenesis of this disease.
Cone-beam Computed Tomography Investigation of Middle Mesial Canals and Isthmuses in Mandibular First Molars in a Chinese Population
Authors: Xu Shuaimei , Dao Junfeng , Liu Zhongjun , Zhang Zhiyong , Lu Yu , Zeng Xiongqun
Published: July 2019

Background: While there is ample research into the anatomy of mandibular molars, little is known regarding isthmuses and middle mesial (MM) canals in Chinese populations. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of MM canals and isthmuses in the mesial root of mandibular first molars using Cone-beam Computed Tomography.
Methods: Cone-beam Computed Tomography images of 357 mature mandibular first molars were retrospectively analyzed. Presence of isthmuses and MM canals, and the length of isthmuses in the mesial root were recorded. Meanwhile, we also recorded possible correlated factors such as demographics, side of mandible, presence of separated distal-lingual roots.
Results: Of these 357 teeth, 209 showed evidence of either complete or partial communication in the mesial root. Of these, 11(3.08%) exhibited true MM canals while 198(55.46%) exhibited isthmuses. Sex or side of mandible was not correlated with the prevalence of communication (isthmuses or MM canals) (P> 0.05). However, there was a significant association between the presence of a distal-lingual root and the prevalence of such communication (P< 0.05). The average length of isthmuses was 4.3 ± 3.1mm.
Conclusions: We detected high rate of isthmuses and low rate of MM canals in mesial roots of mandibular first molars, which is important as such areas should be identified and cleaned during root canal treatment.
Transcriptome Analysis of Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium Response to Salt Stress and Overexpression a K+ Transport ClAKT Gene-enhanced Salt Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang He , Liu Yuting , Pu Ya , Zhang Mi , Dai Silan
Published: July 2019

Plant growth and development are significantly affected by salt stress. Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium is a halophyte species and one of the ancestors of chrysanthemum (C. ×morifolium). Understanding how this species tolerates salt stress could provide vital insight for clarifying the salt response systems of higher plants, and chrysanthemum-breeding programs could be improved. In this study, salt tolerance was compared among C. lavandulifolium and three chrysanthemum cultivars by physiological experiments, among which C. lavandulifolium and Jinba displayed better tolerance to salt stress than the other two cultivars, whereas Xueshan was a salt-sensitive cultivar. Using the transcriptome database of C. lavandulifolium as a reference, we used digital gene expression technology to analyze the global gene expression changes in C. lavandulifolium seedlings treated with 200 mm NaCl for 12 hours compared with seedlings cultured in normal conditions. In total, 2254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1418 up-regulated and 836 down-regulated genes, were identified. These DEGs were significantly enriched in 35 gene ontology terms and 29 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Genes related to signal transduction, ion transport, proline biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging systems, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were relevant to the salt tolerance of C. lavandulifolium. Furthermore, comparative gene expression analysis was conducted using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to compare the transcriptional levels of significantly up-regulated DEGs in C. lavandulifolium and the salt-sensitive cultivar Xueshan, and species-specific differences were observed. The analysis of one of the DEGs, ClAKT, an important K+ transport gene, was found to enable transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana to absorb K+ and efflux Na+ under salt stress and to absorb K+ under drought stress. The present study investigated potential genes and pathways involved in salt tolerance in C. lavandulifolium and provided a hereditary resource for the confinement of genes and pathways responsible for salt tolerance in this species. This study provided a valuable source of reference genes for chrysanthemum cultivar transgenesis breeding.
Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Putative Genes Involved in Flowering Time Under Different Photoperiods in ‘Hong jin gou’ Common Bean
Authors: Yang Xiaoxu , Liu Chang , Yan Zhishan , Fan Youjun , Feng Guojun , Liu Dajun
Published: July 2019

Flowering time influences pod yield and quality of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); however, our knowledge of flowering time genes and flowering mechanisms in common bean remain limited. We performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses [long-day (LD) condition and short-day (SD) condition] to identify the flowering time genes and analyzed differentially expressed genes to examine their expression levels in relation to flowering time in ‘Hong Jin Gou’ common bean, a cultivar highly sensitive to photoperiod. The circadian patterns of related genes were identified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flowering time in ‘Hong Jin Gou’ was influenced by day length: SD conditions promoted flowering. A total of eight flowering time–related genes were identified, which were classified into photoperiod pathways. Homologs of pseudo-response regulator 5, pseudo-response regulator 7, and gigantea were more highly expressed under SD conditions than under LD conditions. Homologs of late elongated hypocotyl and timing of cab expression 1 were differentially expressed under light and dark conditions. Early flowering 3 is a key regulator of the pathway, which coordinates light and circadian clock inputs in leaves to trigger the expression of downstream genes. The present study provides critical information that could facilitate further investigations on the genetic mechanism of flowering time in common bean.
TP53 Gene Mutations in Tumor Cells of Patients with Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Misyurina Anna Evgen'evna , Kravchenko S.K. , Misyurin V.A. , Kovrigina A.M. , Magomedova A.U. , Baryakh E.A. , Babaeva F.E. , Misyurin A.V.
Published: July 2019

Background. TP53 gene mutations impede cell apoptosis and lead to additional oncogenic events contributing to tumor progression. Aim. To assess TP53 gene mutation rate in patients with high-grade B-cell lymphoma double-hit (HGBCL DH) and not otherwise specified (HGBL NOS); to analyse its relationship with disease prognosis. Materials & Methods. Retrospective materials from medical data of 10 HGBL DH and 26 HGBL NOS patients were analyzed. Median follow-up was 26.5 months (range 0.6-160.9 months). Selection was based on the presence of available biological materials (paraffin blocks) for Sanger sequencing of TP53 gene from exon 5 to exon 8 (encoding DNA-binding domain of TP53 gene). FISH analysis of the tumor was performed in all patients to identify translocations involving c-MYC/8q24, BCL2/18q21, and BCL6/3q27 gene locus. To analyze differences between groups χ2 and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. Univariate event analysis (Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests) and Cox regression analysis were used to assess the influence of molecular markers on the disease prognosis. Results. TP53 gene mutations in lymphoma cells were found in 13 (36 %) out of 36 patients, 10 (77 %) out of 13 mutations were pathogenic. In 8 out of 10 patients with TP53 mutations c-MYC/8q24 gene translocation was identified. Groups with wild (TP53-WT) and mutant (TP53-MUT) types of TP53 gene were similar in terms of main clinical characteristics. Patients with TP53-MUT in tumor cells showed worse 3-year overall survival (OS) compared with the group without TP53-MUT (30 % vs. 73 %; p = 0.026) as well as higher probability of disease progression in the period of 3 years (66 % vs. 15 %; p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis significant OS predictor was the presence of TP53 mutation (p = 0.006). Relapse/ progression probability was higher in combined cases of TP53 mutation and translocation involving c-MYC gene locus (p = 0.0003). Conclusion. Translocation involving c-MYC gene along with TP53 gene mutation in tumor cells can serve as a criterion for dividing HGBL DH and HGBL NOS patients into different lymphoma relapse/progression risk groups.
Rearrangements of Immunoglobulin Genes in Tumor Cells of Patients with Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mangasarova Yana Konstantinovna , Sidorova Yu.V. , Magomedova A.U. , Biderman B.V. , Nikulina E.E. , Sudarikov A.B. , Kovrigina A.M. , Kravchenko S.K.
Published: July 2019

Background. Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a malignant tumor with large atypical lymphoid cells expressing post-germinal differentiation markers. Rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes in PMBCL are revealed in 30-65 % of cases. Immunoglobulin molecules, however, are expressed neither on the surface, nor in cytoplasm of tumor cells. Aim. To assess cell clonality rate on the basis of rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy/light chain genes; to determine rearrangement stability at the time of relapse development; to study the range of rearrangements and clonal relationship with primary tumor in metachronous development of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma. Materials & Methods. The assessment of rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy/light chain genes was based on molecular analysis of 29 primary tumor biopsies and 4 tissue samples with histologically and immunohistochemically verified relapses or metachronous lymphoma development. Results. In 16 (55.2 %) out of 29 cases a rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes was reported, in 7 (24.1 %) cases a rearrangement of light chain genes was identified, in 6 (20.7 %) cases no rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy/light chain genes were found. On the basis of immunoglobulin gene analysis in 2 patients with early relapse a tumor clone was detected that was identical with the one identified at the onset of the disease. In 2 patients with complete remission a metachronous development of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma was reported, whereas molecular genetic analysis revealed a change/disappearance of initial clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes. Conclusion. Total detection rate of B-cell clonality in PMB-CL was 79.3 %. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed that initial clonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes were preserved in early relapses, and invalidated tumor clonal relationship in a metachronous development of mediastinal gray zone lymphoma.
Clinical Value of miR-3151 Overexpression in Synergistic Interaction with BAALC Host Gene in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Shakirova Alena Igorevna , Barkhatov I.M. , Churkina A.I. , Mamaev N.N. , Zubarovskaya L.S. , Afanas'ev B.V.
Published: July 2019

Background. Among a multitude of molecular genetic changes underlying acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disordered epigenetic regulation is of special importance. It includes expression change in miR-3151 gene forming a part of BAALC gene on chromosome 8 in q22.3 locus. At present BAALC gene overexpression is observed in a half of AML patients. A considerable part of them shows a combination of it with an increased transcriptional activity of miR-3151 gene, which is associated with the poorest AML prognosis. Aim. To assess the prognostic value of miR-3151 overexpression in synergistic interaction with BAALC host gene in AML patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Materials & Methods. The trial included bone marrow samples taken from 10 healthy SCT donors and 29 AML patients after receiving allo-HSCT. Relative miR-3151 expression level and relative BAALC copy number were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. The analysis yielded a poor correlation between miR-3151 expression level and blast cell count in bone marrow (r = 0.330; p = 0.005) as well as between the expression levels of miR-3151 and BAALC (r = 0.273; p = 0.020). In addition, a great prognostic value of miR-3151 overexpression in post-transplantation period was confirmed (p = 0.005). Patients with miR-3151 and BAALC co-expression in posttransplantation period have also the poorest prognosis than the control group with regard to both disease-free survival and relapse risks within 2 years after allo-HSCT. Conclusion. Monitoring expression level of miR-3151 and its host gene BAALC in AML patients after receiving allo-HSCT seems to be important not only in AML prognosis but also in therapy efficacy evaluation.
PENERAPAN SURGICAL SAFETY CHECKLIST WHO DI RSUD JARAGA SASAMEH KABUPATEN BARITO SELATAN
Authors: Klase Suryanti , Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Meliala Andreasta
Published: July 2019

Latar Belakang: Penerapan pemakaian Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) dari

World Health Organization (WHO) adalah untuk meningkatkan keselamatan

pasien dalam proses pembedahan dikamar operasi dan mengurangi terjadinya

kesalahan dalam prosedur pembedahan. Tingginya angka komplikasi dan

kematian akibat pembedahan menyebabkan tindakan pembedahan seharusnya

menjadi perhatian kesehatan global. Penggunaan checklist terstruktur dalam

proses pembedahan akan sangat efektif karena standarisasi kinerja manusia

dalam memastikan prosedur telah diikuti. Untuk itu diperlukan juga proses

penerapan Surgical Safety Checklist WHO di RSUD Jaraga Sasameh Kabupaten

Barito Selatan.

Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan

penelitian kualitatif, studi kasus. Subyek penelitian ini adalah semua personel

kamar bedah RSUD Jaraga Sasameh Kabupaten Barito Selatan, Propinsi

Kalimantan Tengah selama bulan Maret - Mei 2015. Kuesioner menjelaskan

tentang karakteristik umum dari sampel (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, lama

kerja di rumah sakit), pengetahuan tentang Surgical Safety Checklist WHO,

penerimaan checklist dan penerapannya, dan kerja sama team kamar bedah.

Hasil: Dari 21 personel kamar bedah yang menjawab kuesioner, 100%

menyadari keberadaan Surgical Safety Checklist WHO dan mengetahui tujuannya.

Kebanyakan personel berpikir bahwa menggunakan checklist keselamatan Bedah

WHO bermanfaat dan pelaksanaannya di kamar bedah merupakan keputusan

yang tepat. Ada 90,5% personel yang menyatakan bahwa penggunaan Surgical

Safety Checklist WHO cukup mudah untuk dilaksanakan.

Kesimpulan: Meskipun terdapat penerimaan yang besar terhadap

pelaksanaan penerapan checklist ini diantara personel kamar bedah, tetapi

terdapat sedikit perbedaan dalam pengetahuan tentang tata cara pengisian

ataupun penggunaan checklist.
Rural Administration of the Kuznetsk Region by the End of the XIX Century
Authors: Karpinets Alexey Yu.
Published: July 2019

The research features the rural administration of the Kuznetsk region in the end of the XIX century. The author understands the territory of modern Kuzbass as "The Kuznetsk region" and "rural administration" – as the bodies of local country government created according to the principles of peasant reform of 1861. The paper introduces data on the main bodies of local country government in the imperial and state village of the Kuznetsk region. The author focuses on the Kuznetsk district described in N. A. Vaganov's audit to the Altai district in the early 1880s. The analysis of the statistical, standard, and narrative data contained in the works by N. A. Vaganov, V.Volchkov, and K. T.Krayevsky provided a detailed characteristic of bodies of local country government, their functions, and efficiency. The Kuznetsk region remained largely understudied in this aspect; hence, the present material can be used in educational and scientific purposes. The author believes that, despite all their drawbacks, the local authorities played an important role in the sphere of regional public government. As local links in the chain of administrative facilities, they promoted the system of interrelations between the government and the country population, which was based upon the classical principles of statecraft and paternalism.