bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental effects of leachate extracts from reclaimed asphalt pavement: determination of metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and acute toxicity to Daphnia magna
Authors: Moraes Diego , Severino Marcos Antonio , Freitas Adriane Martins de , Nagalli André , Martins Lucia Regina Rocha , Pagioro Thomaz Aurélio
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT Pavimentos asfálticos fresados (PAF) apresentam uma variedade de compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos que podem interagir com o meio ambiente e promover efeitos deletérios à saúde humana. Este estudo investigou o potencial de toxicidade dos PAF por meio da determinação de metais, hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) e testes de toxicidade aguda com Daphnia magna. Foram comparados extratos lixiviados e solubilizados de amostras de PAF e de resíduo asfáltico fresco. As análises de Mn apresentaram concentrações acima do critério de aceitação normativo brasileiro para os extratos solubilizados. As amostras resultaram em concentrações de Cd, Cr e Pb, que estão na lista de substâncias que conferem periculosidade aos resíduos. Em relação aos HPA, duas amostras de lixiviado apresentaram concentração de BaP acima do valor máximo permitido e as demais amostras apresentaram valores de BaP próximos ao limite estabelecido. Ademais, foram identificadas nas amostras concentrações de BaA, BbF, IcdP e Chr. Para os ensaios de toxicidade aguda, duas amostras solubilizadas indicaram toxicidade aguda para Daphnia magna. Os resultados indicaram que o método de preparo dos lixiviados e do extrato solubilizado influenciaram os valores de metais e a toxicidade aguda. Duas amostras de PAF foram classificadas como resíduos perigosos, sinalizando que tais materiais apresentam potencial para lixiviar substâncias perigosas ao ambiente. Portanto, a disposição em solo desse tipo de resíduo deve ser criteriosa, uma vez que sua composição contém substâncias que podem impactar o meio ambiente e causar efeitos toxicológicos em organismos vivos.
Dissolution of silicate minerals and nutrient availability for corn grown successively
Authors: Krahl Luise Lottici , Valadares Leonardo Fonseca , Sousa-Silva José Carlos , Marchi Giuliano , Martins Éder de Souza
Published: December 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrient availability for corn (Zea mays) grown successively in pure and ground biotite schist and biotite syenite rock samples. The rock powders were subjected to chemical, physical, and mineralogical characterization, and the availability of the elements released to the plants was determined. Plant and rock materials were evaluated at the end of seven successive growth cycles. Biotite schist and biotite syenite provided nutrients – as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Mn – to the corn plants. The nutrients accumulated in plant tissues came mostly from minerals containing oxidizable Fe and Mn in their structure, such as biotite, chlorite, and clinopyroxene. The congruent dissolution of some of the fine particles of these minerals, solubilize elements, which may, then, be available to the plants.
Initial performance of 'Rebo' wine grapes on different rootstocks and at various planting densities
Authors: Nardello Izabel Camacho , Souza André Luiz Kulkamp de , Pasa Mateus da Silveira , Dalbó Marco Antonio , Malgarim Marcelo Barbosa
Published: December 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different rootstocks and planting densities on the initial performance of the yield and quality of the Rebo grapes cultivars grown in a high altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. An experimental design with randomized complete blocks was carried out in a 5×3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of the combination of five rootstocks ('101-14 Mgt', 'IAC 572', 'Paulsen 1103', 'Harmony', and 'VR 043-43') with the 'Rebo' grape, and of three spacing between plants (1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 m). The evaluations took place during the 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 crop seasons. The initial yield variables and the physicochemical characteristics of the grapes were evaluated. The '101-14 Mgt' rootstock provided early shoots, and the 'VR043-43' and 'IAC 572' rootstocks the latest shoots. The '101-14 Mgt' and 'VR043-43' rootstocks provided a higher yield. Plant spacing at 1.0 and 1.2 m increased the initial yield of the vineyard. The '101-14 Mgt' and 'Harmony' rootstocks contributed to the lower total acidity of must. The initial performance of the yield and quality of 'Rebo' wine grape is favored by the '101-14 Mgt' rootstock at the planting densities of 1.0 to 1.2 m.
A New Gradient Based Surface Defect Detection Method for the Ceramic Tile
Authors: GÜNGÖR Murat Alparslan
Published: December 2022

Ceramic tiles are controlled to detect surface defects after production because many defects may occur on their surface during production. The detection of ceramic tile surface defects is usually performed by human observations in most factories. In this paper, an image processing method was proposed to detect the defects. In the proposed method, first, the user selects the homogenous region in the image. Then the gradient-based image processing algorithm is applied. We conducted our study using simulated and real images to which we applied the conventional image processing methods and our proposed method. Performance of the proposed method was evaluated with quality metric and subjective evaluation. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed method has very good performance and is very promising for ceramic tile application.
A Phased Array Antenna System of a Millimeter-wave FMCW Radar for Blind Spot Detection of Mobile Robots
Authors: SAVCI Hüseyin Şerif
Published: December 2022

Mobile robots have been extensively used in manufacturing plants for inter-logistic transportation in recent years. This paper covers a phased array antenna design for a millimeter wave radar system to improve lidar-based navigation systems' safety and environmental consciousness. The K-band phased array antenna, when integrated with 24 GHz Frequency-Modulated-Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar, not only enhances the accuracy of the 2-D Area Scanning lidar system but also helps with the safe operation of the vehicle. The safety improvement is made by covering blind spots to mitigate collision risks during the rotations. The paper first reviews the system-level details of the 2D lidar sensor and shows the blind spots when integrated into a Mobile Robot prototype. Then continues with the inclusion of an FMCW Low-Speed Ramp radar system and discusses the design details of the proposed K-band antenna array, which will be integrated with a radar sensor.
Kitâbu’l-‘Ayn ve Kitâbu’l-Cîm’de N-F-S (ن ف س) Kökü
Authors: ARSLAN İclal
Published: December 2022

Birçok disiplinde önemli bir yere sahip olan nefs kavramının zengin bir anlam yelpazesi vardır. Nefs sözcüğünün sözlük anlamlarının klasik Arap dili sözlükleri perspektifinde etraflıca ortaya konulması, farklı disiplinlerdeki terim anlamlarının netleşmesine ve gereği gibi anlaşılmasına yarar sağlayacağı açıktır. Bu makalenin amacı, nefs hakkında yapılacak yeni çalışmalara referans niteliği taşıyacak şekilde n-f-s kökünün klasik sözlüklerdeki etimolojisinin yapılmasıdır. Burada ilk sistematik sözlük kabul edilen Kitâbu’l-‘Ayn ve yine kökün ilk harfine göre alfabetik sıralanmış sözlük özelliğini taşıyan Kitâbu’l-Cîm tercih edilmiştir. nefs kelimesinin kavramsal çerçevesini çizmektir. Etimolojik çalışmanın ilk aşamasında bu sözlüklerdeki n-f-s kök malumatı etraflıca incelenmiştir. Sonrasında nefs kelimesi, çoğulları olan ‘enfus’ ve ‘nufûs’ kelimeleriyle birlikte ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca nefs kelimesinin manalarında belirleyici olduğu düşünülen fiil vezinlerine değinilmiş, ‘nefs’ ve ‘nefes’ kelimeleri arasındaki ilintiye işaret edilerek sözlükler arasındaki anlam farklılıkları tespit edilmektedir/edilmiştir. Böylelikle bu iki klasik sözlükten istifade edilerek “nefs” ve “nefes” kelimeleri için temel bir çerçeve ortaya konulmuştur. Son dönem kaynaklardan bilhassa kelimelerin Türkçeye aktarılmasında titizliğiyle meşhur olan el-Okyânûsu’l-Muhît’ten istifade edilmektedir. Daha sonra bu klasik sözlüklerdeki manalar; âyet, hadis-i şerif, Arap şiiri ve deyimsel ifadelerden oluşan şahidlerle desteklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada klasik metinlerde karşılaşılan nefsle ilgili deyimsel ifadelerin bir kısmına da ayrıca yer verilmektedir. Bütün bunlar, Halil b. Ahmed’in de dediği gibi birçok anlama sahip olan ‘nefs’in kavram alanını ortaya koymaktadır. Yapılan çalışma sonunda görülmüştür ki, nefs kelimesinin sözlük anlamları ne kadar farklı olsa da alt alta sıralandığında, aralarında bazı ortak noktalar bulunmaktadır. Amaç kelime anlamıyla ilgili bütün detayları ortaya koymaya çalışmak ve anlam sürecindeki gelişim seyrini tespit edebilmektir. İlk dönem sözlükleri kendi içinde değerlendirilmiştir. Amaç bu sözlüklerin köklerin türevlerinden hangilerinin, ne şekilde ele aldığını tespit edebilmektir.
THE INSTANCE OF TURKEY IN THE SELECTION OF TERRESTRIAL RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER PLANTS IN AN INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: ZARALI Fulya
Published: December 2022

Energy is recognized as a significant indication of economic developmentin the globalizing globe. A society has to have plenty of energy resources in order to ensure sustainable development. These energy sources must be acquired at a reasonable cost and utilised to meet all societal demands without having a detrimental social impact. Power plants are often regarded as the center of the power producing business in all countries. It is crucial to the industry's and economy's survival. More power plants are required due to the requirement for energy supply and rising demand. Choosing the best power plant gives economic benefits, local employment, and energy security while decreasing environmental effect and resource waste. As a result, selecting the correct power plant for energy investments is critical. In this study, terrestrial renewable energy plants are ranked utilizing the intuitionistic fuzzy WASPAS approach. Economic, environmental, technological, and social criteria are taken into account while determining the best terrestrial renewable power facilities for Turkey. The solar power plant emerged as the most suitable renewable energy plant as a result of the modeling.
Occupational enablement through the Crosstrainer programme: Experiences of early childhood development practitioners
Authors: Homan A , van Vuuren S , de Villiers D
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCTION: In rural South Africa, inadequately trained Early Childhood Development practitioners and inequity of access have been placed as top priorities to address. Enabling occupation is the primary goal and core competency of occupational therapists and supporting the services of ECD practitioners may address these problems. The Crosstrainer Programme aims to do this by training and equipping ECD practitioners. ECD practitioners were therefore approached to reflect on the occupational enablement through the Cross-trainer Programme METHOD: Demographic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were utilised. The data were analysed through the cyclical process of coding. RESULTS: Three major themes emerged from the data analysis, namely The Great Imbalance, Enabling Occupation, and Disabling Occupation. The participants expressed the difficulty of fulfilling the need for their services in their communities. The CTP relieves these difficulties and enables the work of ECD practitioners through increased knowledge, confidence, creative alternatives to resources, and guidance in managing their time, incorporating all six enablement foundations. The CTP disables their occupation of work through the language barrier, unclear scaling of the activities, and insufficient involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The CTP enables the occupation of the ECD practitioners and the children. Through translating the programme, adding more activities, and increasing involvement and mentoring, enablement through the CTP will improve.
Trauma and the Scottish Gàidhealtachd - Contemporary artistic responses to the Highland Clearances
Authors: Boyd Alexander
Published: December 2022

The historical event known as "The Highland Clearances" is a term broadly used to describe the forced evictions of Scottish crofters and their families. Whether through dispossession, or through migration due to economic circumstances, the changes undergone between 1750-1860 in the Gàidhealtachd (Gaeldom) have been represented in visual culture by a number of artists, with scholarship largely focused on painters of the Victorian period such as Thomas Faed RSA and John Watson Nicol. This paper seeks to place an emphasis on the efforts made in the last few decades by those in traditional Gàidhealtachd areas to reassess this legacy. As we approach the 40th anniversary of the landmark exhibition and publication As an Fhearann (From the Land), this paper focuses in particular on the work of An Lanntair Arts Centre in Stornoway, and the practice of an artist descended from an evicted family, Will Maclean RSA. The difficult issue of victimhood and the Gàidhealtachd, its relation to post-colonial narratives, and the changing nature of discourse around the Clearances are also discussed.
Memorials, landscape and white masculinity: dialogic interventions in South African art
Authors: von Veh Karen , Raubenheimer Landi
Published: December 2022

The memorialisation of place and representation of land and landscape is topical in many societies that are dealing with the aftermath of political trauma, such as Post-Colonial or Post-Soviet countries. In such contexts, artists engage with land and notions of place through processes of memorialisation and landscape representation, or very often, the undoing of these traditions as they were entrenched by regimes that are now redundant. In this article we investigate two different artistic agendas that engage with such sites in South Africa, in the work of Paul Emmanuel, and the collective Avant Car Guard. Though separated by a decade, the artworks discussed here share a dialogic engagement with existing memorial sites, or indeed, traditions that memorialise settler belonging, such as the landscape painting tradition or military equestrian monuments. While Emmanuel's work may be understood to employ a dialogic, anti-monumental strategy in response to the statue of Louis Botha at the Union buildings in Tshwane in South Africa, Avant Car Guard insert themselves in spaces where they engage parodically with memorial sites and the tradition of landscape representation. In both cases, white masculinity is called into question through self-representation, engaging with notions of Afrikaner hegemony and white anxiety.
L’intégration culture-élevage à l’échelle régionale
Authors: NAPOLEONE Martine , GRAVAS Olivier , ROUQUETTE Anne , CITTADINI Roberto , CAMPOY Elodie
Published: December 2022

Le projet Fricato vise à valoriser des friches péri-urbaines littorales en vue de diversifier les modèles agricoles en plaine et améliorer l’autonomie fourragère d’éleveurs pastoraux en piémont. Il représente une forme nouvelle de reconception d’un système de polyculture élevage, dans une dynamique de transition agroécologique pensée à l’échelle territoriale. Nous avons suivi la genèse et l’évolution de ce projet sur 3 ans et analysé la dynamique collective mise en place. Une centaine d’hectares ont permis à 5 éleveurs pastoraux de devenir autonomes en foin et céréales. Les remises en cultures marquent le paysage. Des difficultés persistent : l’équipement, la maitrise foncière et le maintien d’une animation foncière. Ce projet ouvre des pistes à l’échelle régionale, pour penser la durabilité des activités et des territoires tant en plaine qu’en piémont. Il apporte aussi des éléments sur les conditions de mise en œuvre d’un projet collectif concernant la gestion d’une ressource commune constituée de biens privés.
Features of the structure formation of sintered powder materials using waste metal processing of steel workpieces
Authors:   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Korosteleva Elena , Nikolaev Ivan ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Korzhova Victoria ,   Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Manufacturing processes, to one degree or another, are associated with the metal waste production in the form of metal chips. The development of technologies for recycling of waste from mechanical facilities is a popular solution both from the resource saving and from an environmental points of view. Among many traditional approaches to the problem of recycling metal chips, the most interesting may be the method of using chips as one of the components in a powder material. The aim of this work is to analyze the possibility of using metalworking wastes from steel 45 (metal chips) in powder compositions based on titanium and aluminum not only as a source of iron, but also as a possible source of Fe2O3 oxide. Attention to the oxide was paid in terms of initiating reduction reactions in the powder mixture based on titanium and aluminum with the formation of the Al2O3 oxide phase to obtain a metal matrix composite. Research methods: steel chips after processing workpieces from steel 45 were additionally oxidized in water and crushed in a vibrating mill to an average particle size of 300 μm for use in powder compositions with titanium and aluminum powders. Grinded and oxidized chips were mixed with titanium and aluminum powders in various proportions in order to study its interaction with these powder components. The obtained mixtures were pressed in the form of cylindrical samples and sintered in a vacuum furnace at a temperature of 1,000 °C. The phase composition and microstructure were studied using an XRD-6000 X-ray diffractometer with CuKα – radiation and an AXIOVERT-200MAT optical microscope. Results and discussions. It is shown that after milling without coolant, steel 45 chips did not accumulate a noticeable amount of iron oxides, which required additional oxidizing procedures. The interaction of grinded oxidized chips with the components of powder mixtures is considered, and its effect on volumetric changes in compacts and structure formation of metal-matrix composites is shown. The results of optical metallography and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) of sintered powder compositions using oxidized ground chips of steel 45 made it possible to evaluate the ongoing processes of structure formation depending on the combination of interacting components, its mutual influence, and the prospects for obtaining composites with a dispersed oxide phase.
Studies of wear resistance and antifriction properties of metal-polymer pairs operating in a sea water simulator
Authors:   Kh.I. Ibragimov Complex Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russian Federation, Bataev Dena , Goitemirov Ruslan ,   Kh.I. Ibragimov Complex Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russian Federation,   Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny, Russian Federation, Bataeva Petimat ,   Kh.I. Ibragimov Complex Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Sea water is an aggressive environment that causes corrosion, erosion, and cavitation when moving at high speeds of steel, cast iron, bronze, or babbit parts that work satisfactorily only with lubrication. In this case, oil stains are often released into the water, which leads to pollution of the water basin. Materials and methods. To study the wear and friction coefficient, the following materials were chosen: pure polyamide P-610 and antifriction materials based on it Maslyanit D and Maslyanit 12. The following metals were used as the material of the counterbody: stainless steel Cr18Ni9Ti, bronze (9 % Al; 2 % Mn), and titanium alloy VT-3. Results and discussion. It is established that the materials of the “maslyanit” group have significantly better wear resistance and antifriction properties than pure polyamide P-610. It is shown that the reason for such properties of Maslyanit D and Maslyanit 12 is the presence of solid and grease lubricants in its compositions, which simultaneously also play the role of a plasticizer. Finely dispersed metal fillers favorably affect the heat rejection from the friction zone and the growth of the crystalline phase of the polymer. A positive effect of iron minium on the friction of Maslyanit 12, which causes the generation of a protective anti-friction film on the working surfaces of the friction pair, is revealed. A decrease in wear and friction coefficient is found as the purity class of the metal surface increased. The predominantly fatigue mechanism of wear of polymeric materials during friction in a sea water simulator is confirmed. The results of testing Maslyanite 12 in a real marine environment confirmed the positive characteristics of Maslyanit 12.
Renovación y estabilidad en el Congreso de Colombia, 1974-2018
Authors:   Universidad del Valle, Duque Daza Javier
Published: December 2022

Sobre la renovación-estabilidad en la conformación de los cuerpos legislativos las posiciones contrapuestas consideran que tiende a conformarse una oligarquía electiva en las democracias, una clase estable y cerrada, una clase política que se reproduce y se mantiene casi inmóvil en sus posiciones y, cuando se presentan cambios, se dan mediante la cooptación o algún mecanismo controlado de sucesión sin renovación real. Por otra parte, en las democracias es natural la competencia y, con ello, una alta y constante renovación de la clase política con movilidad ascendente, circulación y emergencia de nuevos sectores y de ideas entre las élites. Otra perspectiva ha considerado que lo más frecuente es una situación de amalgama. Entre los extremos de la absoluta inmovilidad de la clase política, que tiende a perpetuar los mismos círculos decisores y generaría una oligarquía parlamentaria, una total circulación y una absoluta renovación que expresaría la imposibilidad de conformar una clase política profesional ante la continua entrada-salida de los miembros de las instancias de representación, es más frecuente que se genere un punto intermedio, y la conformación de los cuerpos legislativos se ubica en un punto más o menos cercano a uno de los extremos de inmovilidad absoluta o de plena circulación (Panebianco, 1992). Desde el enfoque que considera que los cuerpos legislativos tienden a presentar la forma de una amalgama, este capítulo estudia el caso de Colombia en el periodo 1974-2018. Se analizan la conformación del Congreso, los grados de renovación-estabilidad de sus integrantes y los factores que inciden en estas dinámicas de cambio y permanencia.
Outcomes from a brief group behavior therapy approach for social anxiety disorder in adolescence: An exploratory clinical trial
Authors: Barata Mariluz , Ferreira Ana , Vagos Paula
Published: December 2022

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) usually develops in adolescence and is maintained by avoidance and safety seeking behaviors, which are the focus of behavioral therapy (BT). This work explored the outcomes of a brief group BT for SAD in adolescence, combining exposure with skills training. Fourteen adolescents (aged 14-18 years old) diagnosed with SAD received the intervention. BT was compared to a waiting list condition (n = 10) from pre- to post-intervention; how change in avoidance and safety behaviors predicted post-intervention social anxiety was also tested. Significant improvement was limited to anxiety and avoidance when interacting in new social situations, which may be due to skills training having been focused on general interaction. Only change in avoidance predicted post-intervention social anxiety. Though exploratory, current findings suggest BT to be a relevant approach to SAD. As such, it may inform future more robust studies on interventions tailored to specific core social fears.
Muslim and Buddhist Encounters: Between Conflict and Harmony
Authors: Awang Jaffary , Ramli Ahmad Faizuddin , Ab Rahman Zaizul
Published: December 2022

Recent public concern over Muslim–Buddhist relations in South and Southeast Asia has emerged because of massive violence against Muslim minority groups in the region's Buddhist-majority states. The Buddhist have expressed fear that the rise in the Muslim population would force out the Buddhists, as has happened in several historical records. Thus, in this article, we provide a preliminary analysis of Buddhist-Muslim relations from past to present as it unfolds the various forms of relations, conflicts, and harmonies. This article also analyses the driving factors that contribute to the relation of both religious societies in terms of politics, religion, and economics. This research is qualitative. The research method used is descriptive-analytical by emphasizing content analysis of data information from various books and articles covering the Muslim and Buddhism encounters. Despite certain polemics having occurred along the relationship, the study shows that Muslim-Buddhist encounter occurred in harmony, particularly when relation was rooted in tolerance. Studies affirm that disputed facts ought to be critically updated to establish the causes, which will also help address the misunderstanding between religious societies.
Segmentation Methods for MRI Human Spine Images using Thresholding Approaches
Authors:   Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering Programme, Abdul Halim Nor Aqlina , Huddin Aqilah Baseri ,   Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) in MRI image processing can assist experts in detecting abnormality in human spine image efficiently. The manual process of detecting abnormality is tedious, hence the use of CAD in this field is helpful to increase the diagnosis efficiency. The segmentation method is an important and critical process in CAD that could affect the accuracy of the MRI spine image’s overall diagnosis. There are various segmentation methods commonly used in CAD. One of the methods is segmentation using thresholding. Thresholding approaches divide the area of interest by identifying the threshold values that can separate the image into desired grayscale levels based on its pixel’s intensity. This study focuses on investigating the optimal approach in segmenting lumbar vertebrae on the MRI images. The steps involved in this study include pre-processing (normalization), segmentation using local and global thresholding, neural network classification, and performance measurement. 20 images are used to evaluate and compare the segmentation methods. The effectiveness of the segmentation method is measured based on the performance measurement technique. This preliminary study shows that local thresholding outperforms the global thresholding approach with an accuracy of 91.4% and 87.7%.
Modelling on CVN Toughness of Weld Deposits
Authors:   Metallurgy Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India, Chauhan Rudrang , Nanavati Purvesh ,   Metallurgy Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India, Pandit Vinaykumar ,   Metallurgy Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India, Sharma Shashank ,   Metallurgy Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, 382424, Gujarat, India
Published: December 2022

The Charpy V Notch toughness (CVN) of steel is an important property while considering structural and heavy loading conditions. In welded structures, CVN is attributed to many variables like composition of steel, heat input of welding, pre- and post-heat treatments of the weldment, type of welding process etc. The regression analysis works accurately for three to four variables. The property of weldment is associated to more than three-four variables. So this conventional regression analysis couldn’t capture associated trends among the variables due to their non-linearity. This complexity is countered well by artificial neural network (ANN) modelling. In the present work, artificial neural network approach is utilized for the prediction of CVN of ferritic steel welds, which is multi-phase complex engineering material. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) method is used for formulating the neural network models. Numerous models were made by adjusting the hyperparameters and a best model was selected having least training error. The crucial results obtained from this model where analysed from response graphs and contour plot. This (MLP) approach for formulating neural network model was proved to be efficient after validation procedure and the same model could be exploited well for predicting accurate value of CVN in a very time and cost-effective manner.
Reinforced Composite as a Feeder for 3D Printing Application
Authors:   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia, Khalid Nisa Naima , Mohd Radzuan Nabilah Afiqah ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia, Sulong Abu Bakar ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohd Foudzi Farhana ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia, Ahmad Shukri Mohd Zamzuri ,   Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan  Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: December 2022

Kenaf fibre has a low environmental impact because it is recyclable, light density and strong to be used as a product. Natural fibres, especially kenaf fibre, are undertilised and understudied in 3D printing technology. 3D technology is gaining traction to replace traditional methods because it saves cost and production time. This study focuses on producing kenaf composite materials that can be used as a feeder for 3D printing. This study used different fibre compositions (20,25,30) % mixed with polypropylene set at 190 ˚C temperature, 45 rpm speed, and 25 minutes. The material was left to cool to form clot to go through for the rheology process, and injection analysis was performed using Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2014. This study showed that a mixing temperature of 190 ˚C was suitable for forming a high shear mechanism. Kenaf fibre was treated in an alkaline solution of NaOH to 3 hours to prevent damage to the surface of the filler fibre in composites. Kenaf fibre at 6% of NaOH solution reaches a higher value for mechanical strength and roughness, resulting in better mechanical interlocking between the fibres and the matrix. In addition, analysis from Autodesk Moldflow Insight 2014 reveals that at 200 ˚C injection temperature pretend, the shear rate is higher creating smoother melt flow characteristics.
Implementation of Some Remedial Actions to Improve the Performance and Level of Transit Service for Public Transport Bus Routes in Baghdad City
Authors:   Roads and Bridges Branch, Civil Engineering Department, Technology University, Iraq, Abbas Imad Ismael , Diwood Noor Mukdam ,   Computer Engineering Department, Al-Farabi University College, Iraq, Naser Ali Fadhil ,   Building and Construction Engineering Techniques Department, Al-Mussaib Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq
Published: December 2022

The objective of this study was to improve level of transit service of public transport bus routes in Baghdad city through the implementation of some remedial actions. Eight public transport bus routes were selected to evaluate and improve the Level of Transit Service (LOTS). These routes represent Al-Tahrir bus network (A) which was located in the center of Baghdad city (capital of Iraq). The suggested remedial actions include reduction of legal bus stops delay (B), the elimination of illegal bus stops delay (b), the elimination of signalized intersections delay (I), and the reduction of traffic congestion delay (C). These suggested remedial actions are leaded to improve the values of total delay, bus travel time, service frequency (headway), adjusted running speed, and capacity. The values of level of transit service for these transit performance measures were improved. The overall routes level of transit service were improved for bus routes No. (72, 36, 13, 114, 11, 30, 37, and 9) from LOTS (D, E, E, E, E, D, E, and E) to LOTS (C, D, C, D, D, C, D, and D) respectively. The overall network LOTS was improved from LOTS (E) to LOTS (D), indicating that the application of the suggested remedial actions was effective and suitable to improve the performance and Level of Transit Service for public transport bus routes in Baghdad city. Therefore, this study recommended to use the remedial actions which proposed by authors to improve level of transit service for others bus networks.
Approaches of Southern European countries in supporting Ukraine after the full-scale Russian invasion
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Riy Grygoriy
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to reviewing the government’s response of Southern European countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) to the full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine on 24 February 2022, which is based on the analysis of the researches, analytical papers, and official reports of the state authorities and mass media. Coverage of this topic is explained by the necessity of the full exploration of the Sothern European governments’ key approaches in supporting Ukraine in the struggle with the Russian army, as well as, discovering some new perspectives, using the comparative and transnational methodology. It is defined the term “Southern Europe”, and also outlined the main historiographical interpretations of the countries of the region. Preference is given to a pragmatic approach for characterising the countries of Southern Europe. The central studies of Ukrainian-Italian, Ukrainian-Spanish, Ukrainian-Portuguese and Ukrainian-Greek relations, official reports and mass media used in the study are analysed. It also analyses and compares the changing Southern European governments’ attitudes towards their supporting Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity, the illegal annexation of Crimea, and the beginning of war in Donbas in 2014, with the united international response after the full-scale Russian invasion on 24 February 2022. In general, the governments of Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece changed completely their policy of supporting or non-supporting Ukraine in the war. If after 2014 they tried to be pragmatic in the question of cutting ties with the Russian Federation in their foreign policy activity, then after the full-scale invasion in 2022 they strongly condemned Putin’s regime and agreed to provide assistance to Ukraine to the extent of their military and financial capabilities. The study found that the assistance of Southern European countries has been provided on the Atlantic (through NATO) and European (through EU) levels, as well as national. Defence ministers of the governments of Southern Europe are among the members of the “Ramstein” meetings, where the provision of military aid to Ukraine is coordinated. The countries of the region have so far given priority to humanitarian, financial aid and lethal weapons assistance (but not heavy ones), and have also accepted a large number of Ukrainian refugees. The assistance provided at each of the levels is illustrated by specific examples. Otherwise, Russian influence on domestic policy, national populistic parties and single members of the government or parliament is still strong. For instance, the Italian governmental crisis that happened in the mid-summer was the result of the unpopular and strong position of the prime minister Mario Draghi in his unwavering support of Ukraine. The countries of the region also see the Russian-Ukrainian war as an opportunity for them to strengthen their influence in the Mediterranean.
Socio-political gains and losses of the Jewish national organization in the Freistadt camp, Austria-Hungary (1916 – early 1918)
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Sribnyak Ihor
Published: December 2022

The article reveals the specifics of the Jewish national organization in the Freistadt camp (Austria-Hungary) functioning. The organization’s establishment was made possible with the assistance of the Presidium of the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine in Vienna and the Ukrainian camp community. It was very important that the leaders of the Jewish and Ukrainian organizations realized the urgent need for political awareness of peoples enslaved by the Russian tsar (in particular, the Jewish and Ukrainian), and the importance of Ukrainian-Jewish understanding. One of the first joint political actions of Jews and Ukrainians in the camp was their articulation of their critical attitude to the imperial order in Russia during a visit to the camp by the representative of the Russian Red Cross A.V. Romanova. Already in the spring and summer of 1916, the Jewish educational group managed to expand its activities in the camp, organizing national cultural and artistic events for the campers and conducting educational courses. The key to success in its work was the provision of regular financial assistance from the profits of the camp cooperative union «Tea». At the same time, the Ukrainian organization of the camp provided significant intangible assistance to the Jewish group – by temporarily providing free of charge camp premises for theatrical performances, concerts and various national educational events. Unfortunately, despite the mutual recognition of the national and political aspirations of both peoples (Jewish and Ukrainian), the pace and nature of state and political transformations in Ukraine prompted the Jewish organization to distance itself first and then declare its rejection of Ukrainian «independence». In turn, such a hostile attitude of the captured Jews to the independent aspirations of Ukrainians led to the cessation, and then a complete break between the two communities, which in turn called into question their experience in the joint struggle against Russian despotism.
Datación en arqueología a través de la cultura material: cerámicas, epígrafes y monedas
Authors: Campos Carrasco Juan Manuel , González Fernández Julián , Arévalo González Alicia , Bermejo Meléndez Javier
Published: December 2022

El estudio de determinados artefactos, especialmente la cerámica, la moneda y las inscripciones, permite establecer dataciones relativas o absolutas por sí mismos. Las cerámicas pueden aportar dataciones con márgenes de una o dos décadas, caso de determinados sellos de alfareros o talleres de producción, e incluso absolutas gracias a la aparición de tituli picti. Por su parte, la epigrafía a través del estudio de las inscripciones posibilita en numerosos casos una datación absoluta, gracias a la información que recogen por escrito. Muestra de ello podrían ser las dataciones consulares o titulaciones imperiales que permiten conocer con total exactitud la fecha a la que hace mención el episodio o acontecimiento que recogen. La moneda es un documento continuo en el tiempo puesto que las series se suceden unas a otras, en algunos casos durante doscientos o trescientos años, o durante la vida de una ciudad como es el caso de Roma. Aunque en la moneda antigua no consta expresamente la fecha de acuñación, existen distintos procedimientos para su datación, debido a la variedad de emisiones existentes y a la información contenida en ellas. Es por tanto que, en el marco de las investigaciones arqueológicas, la información que aportan estos materiales en determinados contextos, ya sea gracias a la conjunción de los tres, ya sea por alguno de ellos, supone a día de hoy la principal fuente para el establecimiento de cronologías o dataciones en el campo de la Arqueología.
Métodos de datación en sedimentos cuaternarios con laminación anual: Ejemplos de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Corella Juan Pablo , Martin-Puertas Celia
Published: December 2022

Las secuencias sedimentarias con laminación anual (varvas) producen modelos cronológicos independientes de alta resolución (e.g. anual o incluso estacional), basados en el contaje de láminas, con una incertidumbre de edad menor al 5%. Durante las últimas décadas se han datado más de doscientas secuencias varvadas en diferentes sistemas marinos y lacustres, ubicadas fundamentalmente en el hemisferio norte. La mayor parte de las secuencias varvadas cubren los últimos siglos o milenios, siendo mucho más escasos los registros que abarcan cronologías anteriores al Holoceno. Hasta la fecha, se han identificado cinco registros varvados cuaternarios en la Península Ibérica (restringidos al Holoceno tardío), los cuales estan ubicados en sistemas kársticos de zonas mediterráneas. Cuando la laminación no es continua desde el techo del registro, el conteo de varvas debe validarse con otras técnicas de datación independiente y compararse con eventos históricos (cronomarcadores) para asignar una edad calendario a la secuencia varvada y alcanzar modelos precisos y fiables de profundidad-edad, sirviendo de base para llevar a cabo reconstrucciones paleoambientales de alta resolución temporal.
4 KİŞİLİK BİR AİLENİN ELEKTRİK ENERJİSİ İHTİYACI İÇİN ŞEBEKE BAĞLANTILI GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ SANTRALİ TASARIMI VE SİMÜLASYONU
Authors: ŞAHİN Zafer Ramazan , DİNÇER Furkan , YILMAZ Ahmet Serdar
Published: December 2022

Enerji sektöründe meydana gelen teknolojik gelişmeler, dünyanın içinde bulunduğu iklim değişikliği sorunu ve enerji maliyetlerinin hızlı bir şekilde artması insanları daha ucuz ve temiz alternatif enerji kaynakları arayışına yönlendirmiştir. Rüzgâr enerjisi, güneş enerjisi, biyokütle enerjisi, biyogaz, jeotermal enerji, dalga enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları günümüzde daha fazla tercih edilir olmuştur. Bununla birlikte yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biri olan güneş enerjisi ile fotovoltaik santraller gerek yenilenebilir olması gerek ülkemizdeki yüksek güneş enerji potansiyeli sayesinde giderek yaygınlaşmıştır. Bu çalışma Kahramanmaraş ili Göksun ilçesinde ikamet eden dört kişiden oluşan bir ailenin evde tüketeceği günlük elektrik enerjisi ihtiyacını, ev çatısına kurulumu gerçekleştirilen şebeke bağlantılı fotovoltaik sistem tarafından karşılamayı amaçlamaktadır. Normal şartlar altında dört kişinin kullanacağı yıllık elektrik enerjisi tüketim miktarı hesaplanmış, bu veriye dayanılarak bu ailenin evinde kullandığı ev gereçlerinin tüketeceği elektrik enerjisinin ortalaması belirlenmiş ve evin ihtiyacı olan günlük elektrik enerjisi miktarı belirlenmiştir. Hesaplamalara göre evin elektrik enerjisi gereksinimini karşılayacak Kahramanmaraş ilinin yıllık ortalama güneşlenme süresi ve ışınım değerleri temel alınarak şebeke bağlantılı fotovoltaik santral tasarlanmış ve bu tasarımın PVsyst demo yazılım programıyla simülasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Simülasyon sonucunda elde edilen nümerik sonuçlar detaylı olarak analiz edilmiştir.
Association between surfactant protein B gene locus and acute bronchiolitis in infants
Authors: AYBEK Sümeyya Deniz , ATEŞ Ömer , SEZER SONDAŞ Saime , GÜL Ali , TAKÇI Şahin , ALTINTAŞ SEYYAH Buket
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between surfactant protein B (SFTPB) C1580T polymorphism and acute bronchiolitis.

Materials and Methods: The study analyzed the allele frequency and genotype distribution for the SFTPB C1580T polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique in 103 acute bronchiolitis infants and 102 healthy infants.

Results: The results showed no association between SFTPB C1580T polymorphism and clinical characteristics of acute bronchiolitis. The distribution of the CT genotype was higher in acute bronchiolitis infants (43%) than in healthy subjects (39%) and distribution of the TT genotype was found lower in acute bronchiolitis infants (38%) than in healthy subjects (41%). No significant differences in genotype distribution and allele frequency for the SFTPB C1580T polymorphism were found between case group and control group

Conclusion: SFTPB C1580T gene polymorphism plays no important role in susceptibility to acute bronchiolitis. Further work on the relevance of SFTPB C1580T polymorphism in larger cohorts will require validating our results.
Characteristics of vitamin D deficiency in early infancy
Authors: ORHAN Mehmet Fatih , ÖZKAN Behzat
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency is a health problem in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of children with vitamin D deficiency in early infancy.

Materials and Methods: Hundred and forty infants with vitamin D deficiency (mean age:3.5 ± 1.7 [0-6] months) and a control group of 200 healthy infants (mean age: 3.4 ± 1.7 [0-6] months) were included in the study. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in the patient, control groups, and the mothers of the patients. In 38 patients, radiological findings were evaluated with knee and wrist radiographs. Thacher Rickets Severity Scoring (RSS) system was used for radiological evaluation of rickets severity.

Results: The most common (42%) complaints were respiratory symptoms, including cough, respiratory distress, and wheezing. The most common finding of physical examination was the rachitic rosary. Serum calcium (Ca++), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 25(OH) vitamin D, and parathormone (PTH) levels were significantly different in the patient and the control groups. The mean Thacher radiological score of 38 patients was 3.1 ± 2.1 (0-8) points. The mother's dressing style of covering up the whole body, i.e., veiling, increased the infant's risk of vitamin D deficiency by 17.5 times.

Conclusion: Subtle clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings of vitamin D deficiency are detected in early infancy. Vitamin D deficiency should be considered primarily in infants with hypocalcemia whose mothers are less frequently exposed to sunlight due to geographical conditions and their preferred or imposed lifestyle.