bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da luta pela terra ao reconhecimento: considerações sobre a trajetória das famílias assentadas no PDS Santa Helena e o acesso a políticas públicas
Authors: Khalil Bárbara El , Carvalho Joelson Gonçalves de
Published: July 2019

A expansão do capitalismo no meio rural tem como consequência histórica o conflito entre o capital e as populações camponesas. Esse conflito se materializa, não somente, mas em grande parte, na luta pela terra e na dificuldade que as populações camponesas têm em acessar políticas públicas voltadas para um desenvolvimento rural compatível com a diversidade dos sujeitos e de suas formas de organização social presentes no rural brasileiro. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho pretende analisar a conflitualidade inerente à questão agrária brasileira a partir de um estudo de caso, a saber: o Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) Santa Helena, localizado no município de São Carlos, interior do estado de São Paulo. Nosso objetivo é reconstruir a trajetória de luta pela terra dos assentados, bem como compreender como se dá o acesso da comunidade assentada a outras políticas públicas. Nossa hipótese é a de que os agricultores do Santa Helena enfrentam dificuldades para serem reconhecidos como sujeitos que podem acessar políticas públicas, o que limita, por seu turno, a capacidade de produção e reprodução social e material desses assentados.
Mudanças climáticas nos assentamentos rurais: uma etnografia sobre a experiência de futuro
Authors: Arbarotti Alexsandro Elias , Martins Rodrigo Constante
Published: July 2019

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar como as mudanças climáticas são percebidas e impactam o modo de produção e a existência sócio cultural dos assentados rurais da reforma agrária, por meio de um estudo de caso no maior Assentamento do estado de São Paulo. Os dados empíricos foram coletados a partir de trabalhos de campo realizados entre os anos de 2014 e 2017 dentro da perspectiva da história oral. Fora tomado como evento balizador da análise a crise hídrica vivida no estado de São Paulo no ano de 2014, tida como o maior período de estiagem vivido no estado. Os resultados mostraram que esse evento foi tido como a expressão de um processo que é percebido pelos assentados há muito tempo. Segundo os relatos está cada vez mais difícil produzir, pois não é mais possível saber quando vai chover. Esse cenário produz uma situação de incertezas, medos e angústias em relação ao futuro pessoal e do planeta. A verificação desse ambiente de ausência de futuro é tomada no artigo como um elemento chave para a construção de uma nova ordem social e ambiental que leve em conta todos os viventes.
Effects of Head and Neck Positions on Blood Flow in the Vertebral, Internal Carotid, and Intracranial Arteries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kranenburg Hendrikus Antonius “Rik” , Tyer Rob , Schmitt Maarten , Luijckx Gert Jan , van der Schans Cees , Hutting Nathan , Kerry Roger
Published: July 2019

Background

Manual therapy interventions targeting the neck include various positions and movements of the craniocervical region. The hemodynamic changes in various spinal positions potentially have clinical relevance.

Objectives

To investigate the effects of craniocervical positions and movements on hemodynamic parameters (blood flow velocity and/or volume) of cervical and craniocervical arteries.

Methods

A search of 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Index to Chiropractic Literature) and, subsequently, a hand search of reference lists were conducted. Full-text experimental and quasi-experimental studies on the influence of cervical positions on blood flow of the vertebral, internal carotid, and basilar arteries were eligible for this review. Two independent reviewers selected and extracted the data using the double-screening method.

Results

Of the 1453 identified studies, 31 were included and comprised 2254 participants. Most studies mentioned no significant hemodynamic changes during maximal rotation (n = 16). A significant decrease in hemodynamics was identified for the vertebral artery, with a hemodynamic decrease in the position of maximum rotation (n = 8) and combined movement of maximum extension and maximum rotation (n = 4). A similar pattern of decreased hemodynamics was also identified for the internal carotid and intracranial arteries. Three studies focused on high-velocity thrust positioning and movement. None of the studies reported hemodynamic changes. The synthesized data suggest that in the majority of people, most positions and movements of the craniocervical region do not affect blood flow.

Conclusion

The findings of this systematic review suggest that craniocervical positioning may not alter blood flow as much as previously expected.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(10):688–697. Epub 5 Jul 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8578
Strategic Leadership Competencies and its Relationship on Achieving Organizational Commitment: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Olwan Adnan Ahmad , Irtaimeh Hani Jaza’a , AL-Lozi Musa
Published: July 2019

Many of the contemporary administrative approaches focus their efforts on defining the concepts of organizational excellence. In the context of scientific management, the concept of efficiency has been defined as the basis for organizational excellence and the entry of human relations, which focused on the social needs of workers. The present study aims to review the theoretical and educational literature on strategic leadership and its relationship to achieving organizational commitment.
The Calculation of the Infrared and Terahertz Spectrum of Sodium Peroxodisulfate.
Authors: Kendrick John , Burnett Andrew
Published: July 2019

A number of DFT programs with various combinations of pseudo-potentials and van der Waals’ dispersive corrections have been used to optimize the structure of sodium peroxodisulfate, Na2(SO4)2, and to calculate the infra-red and terahertz absorption spectrum of the powdered crystal. Comparison of the results from the different methods highlights the problems of calculating the absorption spectrum reliably. In particular the low frequency phonon modes are especially sensitive to the choice of grids to represent the wavefunction or the charge distribution, k-point integration grid and the energy cutoff. A comparison is made between the Maxwell-Garnett (MG) and Bruggeman effective medium methods used to account for the effect of crystal shape on the predicted spectrum. Possible scattering of light by air inclusions in the sample and by larger particles of Na2(SO4)2 is also considered using the Mie method. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental measurements of the transmission and attenuated total reflection spectra
Comparative Technoeconomic Process Analysis of Industrial-Scale Microencapsulation of Bioactives in Cross-Linked Alginate
Authors: Strobel Scott , Knowles Lucille , Nitin Nitin , Scher Herbert , Jeoh Tina
Published: July 2019

The food, chemical, and biotechnology industries offer many potential applications for calcium alginate microencapsulation, but this technique is largely confined to the laboratory bench due to scalability challenges. Scaling up the traditional external gelation method requires several costly unit operations. Alternatively, a consolidated process accomplishes alginate cross-linking in situ during spray-drying to form cross-linked alginate microcapsules (‘the CLAMs process’). This work examined the process economics of these two microencapsulation processes through technoeconomic analysis. Parallel batch process models were constructed in SuperPro Designer, initially for encapsulating emulsified fish oil. At all production scales examined, the capital investment and annual operating cost were lower for the CLAMs process. Modifying the external gelation process marginally improved the process economics, but costs remained elevated. The CLAMs process’ economic advantage stemmed from reducing the number of unit procedures, which lowered the equipment purchase cost and the dependent components of capital investment and annual operating cost. Upon modifying the models for microencapsulating hydrophilic cargo (e.g. enzymes, vitamins, microbial concentrates), the CLAMs process remained favorable at all cargo material costs and cargo loadings examined. This work demonstrates the utility of technoeconomic analysis for evaluating microencapsulation processes and may justify applying the CLAMs process at the industrial scale.
Constitutional Isomerization Enables Ultrabright NIR-Ⅱ AIEgen for Brain-Inflammation Imaging
Authors: liu shunjie , chen chao , li yuanyuan , Zhang Haoke , Liu Junkai , Wong Sherman , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Ding Dan , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2019

Although biological fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-Ⅱ, 1000-1700 nm) has embodied the advantages of deep tissue penetration, low background noise and high spatial resolution, shortage of high quantum yield (QY) organic fluorophores has become the bottleneck for further development to this field. Now, an ingenious strategy is proposed to address this: constitutional isomerization by utilizing the molecular design philosophy of aggregation-induced emission (AIE). By solely shifting alkyl chain from meta to ortho position, the resulting twisted structure drives the NIR-Ⅱ fluorophores from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) to AIE. In this way, the AIE luminogen (AIEgen), 2TT-oC6B, is provided with an emission peak at 1030 nm and a QY of 11% in nanoparticles, one of the highest reported so far. To endow the targeting ability to deeply located diseases, neutrophils (NEs), the most common immune cells, are used to penetrate the brain tissues. Herein, we show that NEs carrying 2TT-oC6B NPs can penetrate the brain and visualize the deeply located inflammation through intact scalp and skull (3 mm of depth). Notably, the bright 2TT-oC6B fluorophore contributes to a significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratio of 30.6 in brain inflammation site, which is among the best ones to date. This modern molecule design philosophy could enable a powerful platform for high QY fluorophores and their potential biological applications.
Electrochemical Characterization of Low-Temperature Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells Using Direct and Alternate Current Methods
Authors: Wnuk Paweł , Jurczakowski Rafal , Lewera Adam
Published: July 2019

Here we report for the first time the results of systematic characterization of a low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane direct ethanol fuel cell using DC and AC electrochemical methods. Model catalysts (carbon supported Pt nanoparticles) painted on carbon paper are used as anode and cathode. Influence of physical parameters, such as cell temperature, current density, ethanol concentration and anode fuel flow rate on overall cell impedance is studied. Analysis of the obtained impedance spectra in connection with DC measurements allows us to comment on cell properties and to separate different contributions to the overall cell polarization. Our results suggest that the cell impedance is dominated by anode faradaic impedance, with negligible contribution from cathode faradaic impedance. The anode impedance depends strongly on current density and cell temperature, but is not significantly influenced by ethanol concentration. Presence of anode mass-transfer impedance, even when ethanol was fed to the cell in high excess, is confirmed. Based on the results we conclude that changes in ethanol electro-oxidation mechanism might manifest themselves on the impedance spectra in the low-frequency inductive loop. Nonetheless, further studies involving equivalent circuit modelling are needed to determine the exact influence of the cell parameters on the anode kinetics.
Hypervalent Iodine(III)-Mediated Cyclization of Unsaturated N-Alkoxyureas: Cationic Oxybromination vs. Radical Aminobromination and Aminooxyamination
Authors: Peilleron Laure , Retailleau Pascal , Cariou Kevin
Published: July 2019

In this study we describe the reactivity of unsaturated N-alkoxyureas in the presence of different combinations of a hypervalent iodine(III) reagent and a bromide source or TEMPO. Three complementary cyclizations can be achieved depending on the reaction conditions. On the one hand, PIFA with pyridinium bromide leads to an oxybromination reaction. On the other hand, bis(tert-butylcarbonyloxy)iodobenzene with tetrabutylammonium bromide or TEMPO triggers aminobromination or aminooxyamination reactions, respectively. Control experiments showed that while the first process is ionic, the other two follow a radical manifold.
Efficacy and acceptability of the vaginal combination hormone system containing ethinylestradiol and etonogestrel. Literature rewiev
Authors: Mezhevitinova Elena A , Prilepskaya Vera N
Published: July 2019

The review focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and acceptability of a vaginal ring and combined oral contraceptives (COC) in a comparative aspect. It is shown that the vaginal ring has high efficiency, comparable to COC, has better cycle control, fewer side effects, is convenient to use, there is no need for daily monitoring of the pill.
Ladder of life of a modern woman: how to maintain health. Opportunities and prospects of phytotherapy (to help a practitioner)
Authors: Prilepskaya Vera N , Nazarenko Elena G
Published: July 2019

The article provides a modern view on features of different stages of a woman’s life. It presents information on pathogenetic basis and effectiveness of modern phytotherapy with a use of certified agents for a treatment of main pathological conditions associated with different stages of a woman’s life when the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system’s function is formed, actively functions and then undergoes a gradual involution. The features of the use of herbal remedies in pathological conditions of the reproductive system (premenstrual syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, menopausal syndrome, mastalgia, etc.) are described. The article is illustrated with figures and tables for better understanding by clinicians. It emphasis on the features of herbal therapy, its high acceptability, safety and efficacy in the age aspect.
Optimization of treatment tactics in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding on the background of benign hyperplastic processes in the uterus
Authors: Khodjaeva Aziza S
Published: July 2019

Aim. Optimization of management tactics for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding on the background of benign endometrial and myometrial hyperplastic processes (BEMH) using systemic enzyme therapy. Materials and methods. 90 female patients with BEMH were included. They were divided into three groups: group 1 - women with endometrial hyperplasia, group 2 - women with uterine myoma of small size (6-8 weeks) in combination with endometrial hyperplasia and group 3 - women with endometrial hyperplasia in combination with endometriosis. Systemic enzyme therapy drug was used. Results and conclusions. BEMH are accompanied by inhibition of cellular immunity (pronounced suppression of T-lymphocytes) and excessive activation of humoral immunity. Therefore, an immunomodulatory effect of systemic enzyme therapy at hyperplastic processes is the basis for its prescription for comprehensive treatment of patients with combined endometrial and myometrial hyperplastic processes.
The value of 5% topical imiquimod cream for the treatment of flat warts in a sample of Iraqi patients
Authors: Asmaa Abdul Jaleel Swadi  , Akeel Hamed Jabur  , Suhad Jassim Abdlkadhim
Published: July 2019

Flat warts are mainly caused by HPV type 3 and 10. The condition is usually seen in young people in visible skin areas such as the back of hands, face, and forehead. Medical treatment may be prolonged in some situations for months and rarely for years making patients unsatisfactory Surgical approaches such as electrocoagulation, cryosurgery, and laser are used when medical treatment fails to control the disease, but surgical removal carries the risk of scar formation and is usually costly. The current study was planned and carried out to evaluate the response of plane warts to 5% imiquimod cream in a sample of Iraqi patients with plane warts. The present cohort study included 20 patients with plane warts. Those patients were selected from the pool of patients visiting the dermatology consultation unit at Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital, Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq during the period from September 2018 through June 2019. Age, gender, and duration of disease were the main variables included in the study; the outcome was a response to treatment classified as complete, partial, and incomplete. All patients were treated by topically applied 5% imiquimod cream once daily and were followed up for a period of time, ranging from 2 weeks to 12 weeks. The results of the current study revealed that treatment duration and response to treatment is shown in table 2. Mean duration of treatment was 7.95 ±3.33 weeks, and it ranged from 2 to 12 weeks. Complete response was seen in 60 %, partial response was identified in 30 %, and no response was the outcome in 10 % of patients. Treatment response was not correlated to the age or gender of patients, but longer duration of disease predicted poor response to treatment.  In view of available data in the current study and in previous reports, 5% topical imiquimod cream appears to be an efficient and safe mode of treatment for flat warts.
Evolution of animal chemical communication: Insights from non-model species and phylogenetic comparative methods
Authors: Baeckens Simon
Published: July 2019

Chemical communication is probably the oldest, most ubiquitous form of information exchange in the natural world, spanning all three domains of life. While excellent sociobiological and behavioral ecological research has been conducted on the form and function of chemical signals in animals, we still know remarkably little on their evolution. Besides, much of our understanding of chemical signal diversity is restricted to insects, since studies on chemical communication in vertebrates are relatively scarce. In this review, I introduce the key concepts of animal communication and expand on the past, present, and future of research in chemical communication. When doing so, I highlight the current gaps in our knowledge on the evolution of the chemical communication system in animals, whilst emphasizing the heavy research bias towards lepidopterans. Here, I detail the benefits of using phylogenetic comparative methods to identify the motors and brakes that guide the evolution of chemical signals and chemical sensory systems. Moreover, I point out that focusing on non-model species in chemical ecology, specifically lizards, can provide valuable insights into how vertebrate chemical signals evolve, and how biological systems responsible for sending and receiving signals co-evolve with signal design. Lastly, I present a case study on lacertid lizards, demonstrating the possibilities of the phylogenetic comparative approach and the use of non-model species to study the evolution of animal chemical communication systems.
Rigidity and Contingency
Authors: García Ramírez Eduardo
Published: July 2019

At least since Kripke (1980) it has been generally accepted that true identity statements involving proper names are necessarily true. This view is allegedly supported by our most ordinary, pretheoretic intuitions according to which ordinary proper names are rigid designators. This paper challenges the established status of this view. Section 1 develops the context of the debate by presenting the intuitions of rigidity and of contingency of identity found among competent speakers. Section 2 shows how the latter constitute a serious problem for the received view, one that cannot be easily ignored. Section 3 considers three available proposals intended to solve the problem and shows why they fail. Section 4 briefly describes a way to make compatible the intuitions of rigidity and of contingency, a consequence of which is the acceptance of the possibility of contingently true identity statements. Finally, section 5 considers some philosophical consequences of accepting such a view.
El Departament d’Urbanisme i Ordenació del Territori (DUOT) y la enseñanza del Urbanismo
Authors: Franquesa Sánchez Jordi , Sabaté Bel Joaquín
Published: July 2019

A nadie se le escapa la vertiginosa transformación y el constante cambio que continuamente experimenta nuestra sociedad. Ello repercute de manera muy especial en los procesos de formación, ya que además de hacerse imperiosa la revisión de contenidos, se hace imprescindible replantear también las estructuras docentes, metodologías y sistemas de aprendizaje. En este texto se valoran algunos cambios en la práctica docente del Departamento de Urbanismo y Ordenación del Territorio (DUOT) de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Barcelona en los últimos años, así como su encaje en un contexto más amplio.
Tan lejos, tan cerca: universalidad y conciencia para la educación del siglo XXI
Authors: Ulargui Agurruza Jesús
Published: July 2019

Estamos asistiendo a una revolución en el mundo de la enseñanza. Las nuevas herramientas para la obtención de informa-ción, la velocidad de la comunicación y la aparición de nuevas estructuras de aprendizaje están poniendo en cuestión las actuales instituciones pedagógicas. En las escuelas politécnicas hay abierto un debate entre potenciar sus intereses hacia la formación técnica habilitante o enfocarse hacia una mayor investigación especulativa. Mediante el repaso a algunos textos de figuras incuestionables del siglo XX, el texto expone la existencia de una tercera vía. Sus objetivos, más generales e intempora-les, son aquellos que atienden a la aceptación de la universalidad del conocimiento, la igualdad entre aprender y enseñar, la potenciación del arte de vivir, el valor del trabajo bien hecho y la conexión con la dimensión espiritual del hombre.
Lessons between apprentices. Vertical structure in the teaching of architecture
Authors: Alarcón González Luisa , Montero-Fernández Francisco
Published: July 2019

The teaching of architectural projects structured in vertical workshops, in which students from different years have shared teaching, has been a formula adopted in different schools and historical periods, from the Bauhaus in Germany to the present time. This educational organisation constituted the fundamental structure of the teaching of projects in the School of Architecture of Seville from the 1975-76 to the 1994-95 academic year. This system generated important synergies between teachers and students, especially significant between the students themselves who learned not only from the teacher, but also from their higher level classmates, establishing a learning structure similar to that of craft workshops, facilitating the initiation into a new practice, such as that of artistic creation, improving collaborative work and intergenerational relations.
Dimensión económica y laboral en la formación de los arquitectos españoles
Authors: Echarte Ramos Jose María
Published: July 2019

En 2013 Peggy Deamer, presidenta del Architecture lobby, describía de forma sintética la relación de los arquitectos con el concepto de trabajo: “We don’t belive we do work”. Tomando como punto de partida esta peculiar propiocepción de los profesionales de la arquitectura, el presente artículo se dividirá en dos partes, la primera aborda el distanciamiento de los arquitectos españoles de las estructuras económicas básicas que rigen su actividad y entre ellas, y significativamente, las asociadas al trabajo. Se entienden estas como elementos fundamentales en los que se ancla su manera de relacionarse con un entorno progresivamente globalizado en el que la dimensión económica es, si no prioritaria, sí al menos fundamental. Una segunda parte buscará el origen de esta conceptualización en los procesos formativos de los arquitectos, tratando de analizar la propia evolución del concepto de trabajo inmaterial, y su presencia en la universidad, en el modelo capitalista de acumulación flexible predominante en occidente y su traslación a la concepción de la profesión de arquitecto.
La enseñanza como juego. De Alvin Boyarsky a Enric Miralles
Authors: Coll Jaime
Published: July 2019

El artículo expone los argumentos en torno a la enseñanza como juego, tomando los testimonios y programas de diversos profesores y teóricos clave de la segunda mitad del siglo XX: la educación explícita y el aprendizaje implícito de José Luis Pardo; la educación extrínseca o subjetiva de Alvin Boyarsky en la AA de Londres frente a la educación intrínseca u objetiva de Robert Slutzky en Cooper Union; el doble anacronismo de la enseñanza de la arquitectura, de Josep Quetglas; y finalmente la enseñanza de la arquitectura en los tres únicos cursos que impartió Enric Miralles en la Etsab con un programa propio, que recogen todos los argumentos discutidos en los tres primeros puntos. A esos cursos de Miralles se añade un ejercicio en la Etsav y el conocido One double, Please! realizado en la GSD en 1995. Para Miralles ese juego es una conversación y en todos los casos aparece lo que llamó “pensamiento paralelo”, que a menudo explicaba como Dr. Jekyll y Mr. Hyde. Es interesante recuperar y analizar los programas de curso y ejercicios de Enric Miralles pues a pesar de lo mucho que se ha escrito e investigado sobre su obra, su actividad docente ha quedado relegada y es prácticamente inédita.
Recobrar el paisaje en la enseñanza de la arquitectura: lecturas desde el valle de Aburrá
Authors: Vélez Venegas Claudia María , Montoya Arenas Catalina , Escobar Ocampo Lina María
Published: July 2019

El carácter dinámico y los cambios en el paisaje de las ciudades deben ser inherentes a la enseñanza, la investigación y la práctica de la arquitectura. Las ciudades latinoamericanas, con paisajes cada vez más híbridos, se constituyen por fragmentos de piezas inconexas que generan mixturas difíciles de leer y, por qué no, de valorar. A tales manifestaciones se le suma la presión expansiva de las metrópolis y, le antecede, una práctica proyectual profesional que no reconoce el paisaje como determinante. Son paisajes olvidados, minimizados, que en la enseñanza de la arquitectura deben recobrar sentido con base en el reconocimiento del lugar que incluya variables de orden paisajístico, en este caso vinculadas a preguntas de investigación, tarea que se propone como central en el conjunto de investigaciones formativas del curso “Paisaje cultural” de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana en Medellín. De esta forma, el objeto arquitectónico que se pretende proyectar, analiza e interpreta su entorno para generar formas y funciones que establezcan un diálogo y den respuesta a su contexto.
The ‘enabling’ master’s degree in architecture, an opportunity for experiential learning
Authors: Sauquet Llonch Roger-Joan , Serra-Permanyer Marta
Published: July 2019

Schools of architecture have recently converted the former Final Degree Project into a one-year ‘enabling’ master’s degree. This is a collateral effect of adapting Spanish university studies to the European legislative framework. Faced with this challenge, the Escola Tècnica Superior d’Arquitectura del Vallès (ETSAV) proposed the implementation of a teaching model that would allow students to learn based on the experience of interaction with ‘the people’ and construction experimentation. On a methodological level, the article reviews the theoretical basis related to this model based on the condition of an open process, physical experimentation and social return. It also makes a critical approach of the three first years of the master’s degree to identify and review the teaching tools implemented, the subjects being researched and the contradictions that emerge. It concludes by evaluating the results obtained and identifying the need to balance learning between psychosocial competences and construction and technological competences, representing the main challenge and potential complexity of the service-learning projects conducted by the ETSAV’s ‘enabling’ master’s degree.
L. MOHOLY-NAGY - Vision in Motion
Authors: Juárez Chicote Antonio
Published: July 2019

László Moholy-NagyVision in MotionChicago: Paul Theobald & Co, 1947. 371 páginas. Tapa dura. Idioma: inglés. 45 €.ISBN-10: 9780911498004; ISBN-13: 978-0911498004
Karakteristik Tes Hasil Belajar Ranah Kognitif Materi Elastisitas Menggunakan Analisis Item Response Theory
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Lukman , Muslim Muslim , Ramalis Taufik Ramlan
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini secara umum yaitu mengetahui karakteristik tes hasil belajar ranah kognitif materi elastisitas. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain one-shot design digunakan di dua sekolah menengah atas di Bandung. Partisipan ditentukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling sehingga 116 siswa yang telah mempelajari materi elastisitas dipilih sebagai partisipan dalam penelitian. Partisipan diberi tes hasil belajar ranah kognitif materi elastisitas yang berjumlah 25 butir soal berbentuk pilihan ganda yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli. Tes tersebut dibuat berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom revisi dengan proses kognitif yaitu mengingat, memahami, mengaplikasikan, menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan mencipta. Jawaban siswa kemudian dianalisis menggunakan item response theory. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa validitas tes yang diukur menggunakan indeks Aiken V secara keseluruhan memiliki kategori tinggi, baik secara materi, kontruksi maupun bahasa. Hasil analisis menggunakan item response theory menunjukkan bahwa tes reliabel jika diberikan pada siswa dengan rentang kemampuan sedang sampai kemampuan tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, tes berkategori baik karena memiliki nilai daya pembeda berada pada rentang 0 sampai 2, nilai tingkat kesukaran berada pada rentang -2 sampai 2, dan faktor tebakan semu tidak melebihi nilai 1/k yaitu 0,2.Kata-kata kunci: Tes Hasil Belajar Ranah Kognitif, Item Response Theory, Elastisitas.
Penggunaan Alat Peraga Gerak Proyektil terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis Siswa SMA
Authors: Laila Zukhal , Nuvitalia Duwi , Saptaningrum Ernawati
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembelajaran fisika menggunakan alat peraga gerak proyektil terhadap kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa kelas X MIA MA Keterampilan Al Irsyad Gajah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quasi Eksperiment dengan bentuk desain Pretest Posttest Control Group Desain. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 semester gasal. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA MA Keterampilan Al Irsyad Gajah. Sampel penelitian menggunakan dua kelas yaitu X MIA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIA 1 sebagai kelas kontrol, masing-masing kelas berjumlah 34 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik Cluster Random Sampling. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu dengan subjektif tes berjumlah 4 soal uraian dan non tes berupa penilaian lembar praktikum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran fisika menggunakan alat peraga gerak proyektil terhadap kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa X MIA 2 MA Keterampilan Al Irsyad Gajah. Hal itu sesuai dengan perhitungan uji t dengan thitung > ttabel (9,593 > 2,042) dan uji t Independent samples test memperoleh nilai yang signifikan yaitu dengan sig (2 tailed) 0,000 < 0,05 serta memunculkan hasil standar deviasi 7,57. Hasil uji gain dengan rata-rata 0,74 kategori tinggi juga mendukung hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran fisika menggunakan alat peraga gerak proyektil terhadap kemampuan berpikir analitis siswa X MIA MA Keterampilan Al Irsyad Gajah.Kata Kunci: Alat Peraga Gerak Proyektil, Kemampuan Berpikir Analitis, Gerak Parabola
Menentukan Koefisien Restitusi Tumbukan dengan Analisis Konversi Sudut Penyimpangan
Authors: Kholifudin M. Yasin
Published: July 2019

Physical practicum-based learning on collision was been carried out with the aim of knowing the magnitude of the coefficient of restitution of collision of 2 toy balls that are hung on station with a rope by analyzing the conversion of angle of the deviation before and after collision to the magnitutde of  velocity. The instruments used in the practicum were“ tek-tek” balls, “ping-pong” balls, clear rubber ball, bow, stationary. Data collection was taken from the 8 practicum groups each of which  consists of 4 students in class X IPA 1 of Senior High School 2 Kebumen in the 2nd semester of the school year 2017/2018. Conclusions obtained from data analysis are the conversion of angle of deviation before and after collision to the magnitude of velocity, average collision coefficient; between “tek-ball” was  0.18, “tek-tek” ball with clear rubber ball was 0.26, “tek-tek” ball with “pingpong” ball was 0.64. So that the three collisions include a partially resilient collision which has a range of restitution coefficients 0 ˂ e ˂ 1.Students did the practicum carefully, students had fun learning while playing and collision. This practicum can be done as an alternative to teach the competency on KI-4
Tipologi Nekrokultural pada Gambar Mahasiswa S 1 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) IKIP PGRI Semarang Angkatan Tahun 2009/2010 Melalui Analisis Tekstual
Authors: M.Kristanto M.Kristanto
Published: July 2019

Gambar yang dihasilkan oleh Mahasiswa PAUD IKIP?é?á PGRI Semarang angkatan tahun 2009/2010 memiliki?é?á kesamaan-kesamaan?é?á atau gejala nekrokultural antara karya satu dengan karya lainnya, baik secara komposisi maupun objek yang divisualisasikan. Penyebabnya adalah ketidakmampuan mahasiswa?é?á berpikir dalam?é?á poros paradigmatik atau asosiatif. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini membuktikan serta memetakan tipologis nekrokultural pada gambar. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik ?é?ábentuk tipologis ?é?ánekrokultural pada karya?é?á gambar mahasiswa angkatan 2009/2010. Penelitian mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode analisis tekstual. Teknik pengambilan data melalui dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap struktur elemen rupa dengan menggunakan analisis isi sebagai tahapan heuristik dan analisis tema sebagai tahapan hermeneutik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa?é?á 70 gambar yang dihasilkan?é?á mahasiswa?é?á Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) angkatan tahun 2009/2010 secara paradigmatik dan sintagmatik terdapat tiga kategori. Kategori A, gambar bersifat?é?á monoton dan kurang baik, berjumlah 69 %.?é?á ?é?áKategori B, gambar bersifat?é?á sedang,?é?á berjumlah 29 %. Kategori C, gambar bersifat baik, berjumlah 11 %.?é?á Berdasarkan kategorisasi tersebut, maka hanya 11 % saja yang sudah menunjukan tingkat kreativitas secara baik yaitu pada kategori C.?é?á Atas dasar itulah maka saran yang dapat diberikan adalah mahasiswa sebagai calon Guru TK perlu lebih mengembangkan gambar secara lebih kreatif sebagai bekal pengalaman estetik khususnya dalam peningkatan aspek paradigmatik dan sintagmatik. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu segera dilakukan untuk dapat mengetahui penyebabnya atau faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Kata kunci: sintagmatik, paradigmatik, gambar, penanda, dan petanda
Penigkatan Kemampuan Visual Spasial Anak Melalui Bermain Balok pada Kelompok B PAUD Al Azzam Semarang Tahun ajaran 2013/2014
Authors: Rahmasari Alya Nur , Prasetyo Agung
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi pentingnya siswa dalam membangun ruang atau bangunan yang sesuai dengan konsep yang diberikan oleh guru sehingga anak mengalami kurangnya kemampuan dalam membangun ruangan seperti yang dikendaki oleh guru, kurangnya ketelitian, keseimbangan, kestabilan, kerjasama serta kreatifitas dalam membangun bangunan. Dalam membangun ruangan maka akan membantu dalam aktivitas pembelajaran untuk mengajak anak bermain,  dan mengeksplorasi dalam sebuah bangunan serta pengetahuannya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan visual spasial anak.  Kurangnya pengalaman secara langsung bagi anak saat membangunakan menghambat imajinasi serta kreativitas anak tentang kemampuan membangun bangunan yang dibuat oleh anak. Permasalahan yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana bermain balok dapat meningkatkan kemampuan visual spasial pada anak. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kemampuan visual spasial anak, untuk meningkatkan kemampuan visual spasial anak melalui bermain balok pada kelompok B PAUD AL-AZAM Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014.Permasalahan yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana upaya peningkatan kemampuan visual spasial melalui bermain balok. Tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk peningkatan yang terjadi pada kemampuan visaual spasial melalui bermain balok pada kelompok B PAUD AL-AZAM Semarang Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014.Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian setelah mendapatkan perlakuan menggunakan bermain balok, menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari kemampuan visual spasial anak PAUD AL-AZAM Semarang tahun ajaran 2013/2014. Peningkatan rata-rata kemampuan visual spasial pada kelompok B PAUD AL-AZAM Semarang tahun ajaran 2013/2014 dari sebelum treatment adalah sebesar 30,77%, dan sesudah dilakukan treatmentsiklus 1, meningkat menjadi 53.85%, dan dilakukan lagi treatment siklus yang kedua, maka dihasilkan peningkatan kemampuan visual spasial menjadi 84.61%. oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa “Bermain balok dapat meningkatkan kemampuan visual spasial anak kelompok B PAUD AL-AZAM Semarang tahun ajaran 2013/2014.
PENGARUH METODE BERMAIN PERAN TERHADAP PERILAKU AGRESIF PADA ANAK TK DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK KRISTEN TRITUNGGAL SEMARANG TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Sumbogo Agnisella Kezia , Purwadi Purwadi , Sagala Anita Chandra Dewi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh metode bermain peran terhadap perilaku agresif pada anak TK di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kristen Tritunggal Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dalam metode quasi experimental design dengan desain the non ekuivalen, pretest-posttes design. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Penggunaan metode bermain peran memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menurunkan perilaku agresif anak kelas TK B TK Kristen Tritunggal Semarang, dengan pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran berdasarkan empat indicator perilaku agresif anak. Hal ini terbukti dengan hasil analisis pengaruh menggunakan perhitungan uji t yang dilakukan selama proses penelitian, diperoleh thitung = 31,4029 > ttabel = 1,701 dengan rata-rata terhadap perilaku agresif pada anak memberikan pengaruh positif, yaitu terjadi penurunan terhadap perilaku agresif anak.Kata kunci : Metode Bermain Peran, Perilaku Agresif AbstrackThis study aims to identify the effect of role playing methods on aggressive behavior in kindergarten children in the Trinitarian Christian Kindergarten Semarang. This type of research is quantitative research in quasi-experimental design method with the non-equivalent design, pretest-posttes design. This research uses simple random sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study use observation and documentation. The use of role playing method has a significant influence in reducing the aggressive behavior of kindergarten children in Trinitarian Christian Kindergarten Semarang class, with the implementation of learning activities based on four indicators of children's aggressive behavior. This is evidenced by the results of the analysis of the influence using the calculation of the t test conducted during the research process, obtained t count = 31.4029> t table = 1.701 with an average of aggressive behavior in children has a positive influence, namely a decrease in aggressive behavior of children.Keywords: Role Playing Method, Aggressive Behavior
Uwagi na temat gdańskiego budownictwa publicznego drugiej połowy XVI i pierwszej połowy XVII wieku pod kątem zaopatrzenia w materiał kamieniarski
Authors: Skibiński Franciszek
Published: July 2019

Works of architecture and stone sculpture would never have been created without the existence of a supply network enabling access to assets crucial for their production, including stone. Based on archive quarries and analysis of existing works of architecture and stone sculpture, this article focuses on the importation of stone for the building and stonecutting industry in early modern Gdańsk. In the second half of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century the city was experiencing an era of economic prosperity and became a major center of architecture and stone sculpture in the Baltic region and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Gdańsk authorities put much effort into securing suitable stone necessary to carry out their ambitious projects. Builders and sculptors based in the Baltic metropolis applied various kinds of stone imported from abroad, including limestone from Oland and Sweden, sandstone quarried in Bückeburg and Bentheim, Belgian marble, and English alabaster. The kind of stone most commonly used in local architecture and sculpture was, however, the sandstone from the Isle of Gotland. To obtain this material the city authorities often approached the Danish king, as revealed by numerous letters preserved in Gdańsk and Copenhagen archives. Each year several shipments of Gotland stone would arrive in the city, the amount of stone reaching up to 10,000 cubic feet. Some of the material destined for the public building works was then prepared by workers supervised by the ‘Bauknecht’. He was an official appointed by the city authorities to support the public building industry and to facilitate the work of specialized building and sculpting workshops by overlooking low-skilled workers and supply of materials. Some of the local builders and stonecutters were also involved in the importation of stone from Gotland. Besides carrying out major architectural and sculptural works, at least some of the guild masters running large workshops were engaged in the supply of necessary materials. For this reason, they had to maintain a network of professional contacts within the Baltic region and beyond. The most prominent among them was Willem van der Meer, called Barth, a stonecutter from Ghent established in Gdańsk. Between roughly 1590 and 1610, he supplied the city with a large amount of Gotland stone, including that used for the building of the Great Arsenal. Other important members of the local milieu engaged in the stone trade were Willem and Abraham van den Blocke as well as Wilhelm Richter, continuator of Van den Blocke’s enterprise often engaged by the city authorities. These findings broaden our understanding of the professional practices of builders and stone sculptors in Gdańsk and the Baltic region in the late 16th and in the 17th centuries.
Przekształcenia gdańskich obiektów zabytkowych w pierwszej połowie XIX w. w kontekście rodzącej się myśli konserwatorskiej
Authors: Staręga Magdalena
Published: July 2019

The article discusses modifications in antique structures of Gdańsk in the first half of the 19th century. The exact time frame for the phenomenon explored is marked by the seizure of the city by the Kingdom of Prussia as a result of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, and the early 1860s. It was a highly difficult period in the history of Gdańsk. Terrible economic situation resulted in an extremely small number of new, important architectonic projects being implemented. Instead, the authorities began adapting old buildings to new needs, often not without significant alterations. Other major modifications to historic structures were introduced in the course of repairs and reconstructions of deteriorated and war-damaged buildings.

The first half of the 19th century is a time which saw a substantial change in the perception of historic sites and their value. The article highlights the occurrence of this process in Gdańsk. Reconstructions involving classicist stylistic forms, which gave way to the coexistence of old and new formal marks, as well as later ones, introduced in the course of regothicisation, characterised by aiming at stylistic cohesion are examined.

The modifications extended to many of Gdańsk’s most important historic buildings. Architects such as Karl Friedrich Schinkel or Friedrich August Stüler were involved in the discussed process. The number and extent of undertaken redevelopments indicates that they constitute a significant aspect of the 19th-century Gdańsk architecture.
Wystawa "100 lat realizmu w sztuce polskiej" w Akademii Sztuk Pięknych ZSRR w Moskwie (1952) w kontekście polsko-radzieckich stosunków kulturalnych w latach 1949-1955
Authors: Gavrash Irina
Published: July 2019

The article analyses the exhibition named „100 lat realizmu w sztuce polskiej” [100 Years of Realism in Polish Art] at the Academy of Fine Arts in Moscow in 1952 and its reception in the artistic environment of USSR in the context of Polish-Soviet artistic relations in 1949–1955. The exposition, prepared by the Committee of the International Cultural Cooperation with and the Ministry of Culture and Art, consisted of the Polish art of the 19th century and the art of a few previous years. It was supposed to present to the Soviet party the progress of the implementation of Socialist Realism in Poland on the basis of the Soviet example and Polish tradition of realistic art. However, the implementation of the scheme deviated from the official declarations due to both including in the exhibition the turn of the century, as well as presenting the issues of modernism and the selection of modern pieces, resulting from the specific emphases in the cultural policy of the time. The contemporary department was composed of pieces of artists from the ‘Sopot School’, combining in its art the Socialist Realism doctrine with elements of colourism. Opening the method onto elements of the Impressionism tradition was dictated by a need to break the deadlock which the Polish art found itself in soon after the 1st OWP. The exhibition caused a reaction in the environment of Soviet critics and artists, exposing differences in attitude towards art in the two countries, which, in the conditions of the political dominance of USSR, had been deepened further with time, impinging on the artistic relations dynamics.
Architektura w śródmieściu Gdyni po 1989 roku wobec tradycji modernistycznej
Authors: Melzacka Alicja
Published: July 2019

The following article explores the recurring stylistic tendencies in the architecture of Gdynia after 1989, and seeks to identify their origins. The study encompasses four distinguished areas in the city centre, and places emphasis on the relationship between the contemporary (and postmodern) architecture and the architectural legacy of Gdynia’s inner city, which can be broadly defined as ‘modernist’. Based on a series of case studies, the Author has distinguished three intertwined architectural tendencies, each of them referring in their own way to the local context. Often manifested in the same architectural designs and, therefore, inseparable, these tendencies cannot be strictly delimited. They are: ‘regionalist tendency’ deploying architectural forms of the interwar origin, ‘semiotic tendency’ which perceives architecture as the system of signs, and ‘technologising tendency’ of which strive for the ‘high-tech’ appearance can be considered an ideological continuation of the modern imperative of progress. To conclude, contemporary architecture in Gdynia represents, widely understood, contextualism: comprising all of the aforementioned tendencies. Tis status quo is reinforced by the strong need to maintain the continuity of the city’s architecture, but also of its identity. As a result of operating with a relatively limited range of means of expression, architecture in Gdynia constitutes a coherent whole, which can be considered an advantage for the local landscape. Nonetheless, the notorious and often naive application of widely accepted patterns originating from the vocabulary of West European modernism, and the limitations inherent in that approach, should be definitely pointed out for further scrutiny.
Bruno Schulz – i co dalej?
Authors: Brun A.
Published: July 2019

A short article published in Chwila (1935, no. 5921). The author, who must have known Schulz personally, interprets Cinnamon Shops in opposition to literature that was socially and politically engaged. Besides, the text includes a description of Schulz’s apartment.