bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A2A adenosine receptor stimulation decreases foam cell formation by enhancing ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux
Authors: Bingham Taiese Crystal , Fisher Edward A , Parathath Saj , Reiss Allison B , Chan Edwin S , Cronstein Bruce N
Published: January 2010

Adenosine A2A receptor occupancy diminishes foam cell formation by stimulating increased reverse cholesterol transport via ABCA1.

Immune and inflammatory cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques. We have demonstrated that A2ARs inhibit foam cell formation and stimulate production of ABCA1, the primary transporter of lipoproteins. We asked whether the effects of A2ARs on foam cell formation in vitro are mediated by transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport, ABCA1 and ABCG1. Foam cells were generated from THP-1 cells by incubation with 100 nM PMA for 2 days and incubated with acLDL (50 μg/mL) plus IFN-γ (500 U/mL) ± A2AR agonist CGS-21680 (1 μM). Radiolabeled cholesterol (0.2 μCi/ml) was added to cells, and efflux was measured using a liquid scintillation counter. Lentiviral siRNA infection markedly reduces ABCA1 or ABCG1 mRNA in THP-1 cells. Despite diminished ABCG1 expression (KD), CGS-21680 inhibits foam cell formation (81+5% inhibition; P<0.0001 vs. IFN-γ alone; n=3) but has no effect on foam cell formation in ABCA1 KD cells (5+3% inhibition; P<0.85 vs. IFN-γ alone; n=3). The A2A agonist increases apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux nearly twofold in THP-1-derived macrophages (from 9.5% to 17.5+2.5% [3H]-cholesterol efflux; P<0.0090 vs. control; n=3) but not in ABCA1 KD cells. Activation of Epac, a signaling molecule downstream of the A2AR, increased ABCA1 (23+5%; P<0.0007 vs. control; n=3) and phospho-ABCA1 (13+5%; P<0.0003 vs. control; n=3) protein. These results demonstrate that A2AR occupancy diminishes foam cell formation by stimulating increased reverse cholesterol transport via ABCA1.
Application of a three-component evaluation system for autonomous control in logistics
Authors: Windt K , Philipp T , Böse F , Becker T
Published: January 2010

Autonomous control of logistic systems is a potential solution to the problems encountered in modern competitor marketplaces. Autonomous control in a logistic system is characterized by the ability of logistic objects (e.g. order, pallet, machine) to process information in order to render and execute decisions on their own. In order to determine the limitations of autonomy an evaluation system is needed which is presented in this paper. The evaluation system is created by three components which can be combined to analyse the potential of autonomous control. This potential is visualized by the result of the evaluation procedure with the help of a three-dimensional (3D) diagram built from single curves. Simulation studies are used to verify the surface of the 3D diagram and highlight the limitations of the autonomous control approach. All the varied parameters (level of autonomous control, level of complexity, and level of logistic objective achievement) are described and measured in the simulation study.
Virtual-reality-based methodology for modelling and verifying shop floor control systems
Authors: Manesh H F , Hashemipour M
Published: January 2010

The design and development of shop floor control systems (SFCSs) in automated manufacturing plants requires careful thought to ensure that the manufacturing system successfully satisfies the demands of today's competative marketplace. This paper presents a methodology for the development of SFCSs that is based on virtual reality (VR) in order to assist the system designer at each stage of development. Exploiting VR helps the user to collect valid information quickly and in a correct form by putting the user and the information support elements in direct relation with the operation of the system in a more realistic environment. A VR-SFCS prototype tool is designed as a software system to realize the features outlined in each phase of the methodology. A set of rules and a knowledge base is appended to the methodology to remove any inconsistency that could arise between the material and the information flows during the development. A novel environment for matching the physical and the informational model domains is recommended in order to delineate the system requirements specification.
Methodology for adapting metal cutting to a green economy
Authors: Rao B C
Published: January 2010

The advent of global warming, as attested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), has serious ramifications for various facets of the human endeavour. Manufacturing is one such activity that is poised to undergo significant changes for curbing green-house gas emissions. This paper presents schemes for reducing the energy consumed in machining and grinding operations — the workhorses of any typical manufacturing set-up. These schemes are based on the mechanics of the metal cutting process which have been well studied over the years. Besides lowering the energy drawn from national grids, such schemes will pave the way for improved energy-efficient manufacturing processes. In the foreseeable future, alternative fuel systems to power manufacturing processes together with both newer operations and schemes, such as those outlined in this effort, would have a positive impact on the energy consumption of the manufacturing sector.
Improved interval-fuzzy quadratic programming for management of filters in a fluid power system under uncertainty
Authors: Nie S L , Hu Z , Li Y P , Huang G H
Published: January 2010

An improved mathematic model of management of filters in a fluid power system (FPS) under uncertainty was developed in this article based on the former hybrid optimization method. The model integrated the interval-fuzzy quadratic programming model into an improved model of contaminant control for the selection of filters finenesses, the estimation of service life of pumps, and replacement strategies of filters in an FPS under uncertainty. The fuzzy quadratic optimization approach was used in the model to handle the uncertainties existing not only in the contaminant holding capacity, but also in the contamination level and contaminant sensitivity. The integrated model has been applied in a case of selecting filter fineness and planning allocation and replacement strategies under uncertainty for an FPS with bypass filtration circuit. All of the scenarios with available filter fineness have been examined. The generated decision alternatives can help decision makers to identify desired policies for contamination control under various total costs, satisfaction degrees, and system-failure risks under different contaminant ingression/generation rates.
Extended opportunity-based age replacement with a one-cycle criterion
Authors: Venkat D , Coolen F P A , Coolen-Schrijner P
Published: January 2010

Age replacement is a well-established theoretical model for guidance on preventive replacement of technical units, with the intention to replace units before failure, in a manner that is most cost-effective. Traditionally, the cost criterion is based on assumed use of the same replacement strategy over a period of infinite length, enabling application of the renewal reward theorem to derive the units’ optimal preventive replacement age. However, in many situations the number of renewals involving exchangeable units is typically small, which undermines the use of this traditional cost criterion. As an alternative, minimal average costs per unit time over a single cycle has been proposed, and studied for several age replacement scenarios.

In this paper, this work is briefly reviewed, followed by presentation of results on the use of the one-cycle criterion for extended opportunity-based age replacement. In this model, a unit is replaced correctively in case of failure or preventively upon reaching a specific age, as in the standard age replacement model. In addition, the unit is replaced preventively if opportunities occur during a period before the optimal age replacement time, for example in case production stops due to failure or preventive replacement of other units in the same production process. As such, costs of preventive replacement in the latter case are likely to be smaller than if preventive replacement of the specific unit requires a production stop, making it clear that it will be attractive to benefit from such opportunities occurring within a certain time range prior to scheduled preventive replacement. Optimality results for this model, with the one-cycle criterion, are presented and illustrated, and it is shown how limiting cases coincide with several other age replacement scenarios.

Iskandar and Sandoh (An extended opportunity-based age replacement policy. RAIRO Ops Res., 2000, 34, 145—154) studied this model with the renewal reward criterion, but they assumed that all preventive replacements would incur the same costs. A generalization of their results is presented, allowing different costs for the two preventive replacement scenarios. This enables the comparison of the optimal replacement strategies according to the one-cycle criterion and the renewal reward criterion.
Prevalence, distribution and correlates of endocervical human papillomavirus types in Brazilian women
Authors: Lippman S A , Sucupira M C A , Jones H E , Luppi C G , Palefsky J , van de Wijgert J H H M , Oliveira R L S , Diaz R S
Published: January 2010

We determined the prevalence, distribution and correlates of human papillomavirus (HPV) types in 386 mixed-income, sexually active women in São Paulo, Brazil. Endocervical samples were tested for HPV DNA with L1 primers MY09 and MY11; negative and indeterminate samples were retested using GP 5+/6+ consensus primers. HPV was detected in 35% of all women; high-risk/probable high-risk types in 20%; low-risk types in 7%; and an indeterminate type in 10%. Twenty-five HPV types were found overall: 17 (probable) high-risk types and eight low-risk types. Approximately one-third (29%) of women with HPV infection were positive for type 16 or 18 and 36% were positive for types 6, 11, 16 or 18. The presence of (probable) high-risk HPV was associated with younger age, more lifetime sex partners and abnormal vaginal flora. Additional studies mapping the distribution of HPV types worldwide are necessary to prepare for vaccination programmes and direct future vaccine development.
Audit of routine rectal swabs for gonorrhoea culture in women
Authors: Raychaudhuri M , Birley H D L
Published: January 2010

The British Association for Sexual Health and HIV Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gonorrhoea (GC) in Adults recommends rectal screening only in special circumstances. Our genitourinary medicine clinic undertakes rectal swabs for gonorrhoea culture in all women attending for sexually transmitted infection screening. We undertook this audit to determine the value of our practice.
Sexually transmitted infections among pregnant heroin- or cocaine-addicted women in treatment: the significance of psychiatric co-morbidity and sex trade
Authors: Cavanaugh C E , Hedden S L , Latimer W W
Published: January 2010

Psychiatric co-morbidity and sex trade were tested as correlates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among 76 pregnant heroin- or cocaine-dependent women. Participants were recruited from a drug treatment programme and attended a clinician-administered assessment including the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV-TR) and self-report questionnaires about lifetime histories of sex trade and STIs (i.e. gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia, herpes, genital warts or trichomonas). Lifetime and six month rates of STIs were 53.9% and 18.4%, respectively. The majority of women also had lifetime histories of psychiatric co-morbidity (61.8%) and/or sex trade (60.5%). Participants with psychiatric co-morbidity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–11.6) and/or sex trade (AOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1–9.5) were more likely to report STIs during their lifetime compared with those without such histories while controlling for age, education and race/ethnicity. Results suggest that as many as one-in-five pregnant heroin- or cocaine-dependent women in treatment have one or more STIs that are concurrent with their pregnancy and may contribute to risk for contracting HIV and pregnancy complications; psychiatric co-morbidity and/or sex trade were associated with greater STI risk. Findings underscore the importance of identifying and addressing co-morbid psychiatric disorders and sex trade behaviour in this population.
Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, p57 Immunostaining, Flow Cytometry, and Digital Image Analysis for Diagnosing Molar and Nonmolar Products of Conception
Authors: Kipp Benjamin R. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Oberg Trynda N. , Cousin Margot A. , Plagge Amy M. , Wiktor Anne E. , Ihrke Johnita M. , Meyers Cecelia H. , Morice William G. , Halling Kevin C. , Clayton Amy C.
Published: January 2010

Pathologic examination of products of conception (POC) is used to differentiate hydropic abortus (HA), partial hydatidiform mole (PM), and complete hydatidiform mole (CM). Histologic classification of POC specimens can be difficult, and ancillary testing is often required for a definitive diagnosis. This study evaluated 66 POC specimens by flow cytometry, digital image analysis, p57 immunohistochemical analysis, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The final diagnosis, based on the combined analysis of all test results, included 33 HAs, 24 PMs, and 9 CMs. The p57 immunostain identified 9 CMs that were evaluated as nontriploid by all other techniques. FISH seems to have the best accuracy (100%) for determining whether a specimen contains a triploid chromosome complement. These data suggest that the combination of p57 and FISH seems to be the best ancillary testing strategy to aid pathologists in the appropriate identification of CM, PM, and HA in POC specimens.
Book Reviews
Authors: Neff Kristin
Published: January 2010

The mindful path to self‐compassion: Freeing yourself from destructive thoughts and emotions
Applications and toxicological issues surrounding nanotechnology in the food industry
Authors: Xu Ligeng , Liu Ying , Bai Ru , Chen Chunying
Published: January 2010

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, the presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercially available products is becoming more and more common. The field of food nanotechnology has experienced significant growth over the last five years. Agricultural cultivation, food processing, food packaging, food security, and water purification are examples of the important sectors linked with nanotechnology in the food production chain. However, safety concerns about such nanotechnology and the use of nanomaterials are increasing. Many determinants for the unusual activities and toxicities of the nanomaterials involving particle size, chemical composition, surface structure, and dosage are considered as well as three main exposure routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposure. In addition, the trends and progress for toxicity and risk evaluation of the nanomaterials used in the food industry are also reviewed, which are helpful to understand and establish a regulatory system for the further development and use of NPs in the food industry.
Peptides Generated Ex Vivo from Serum Proteins by Tumor-Specific Exopeptidases Are Not Useful Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Timms John F , Cramer Rainer , Camuzeaux Stephane , Tiss Ali , Smith Celia , Burford Brian , Nouretdinov Ilia , Devetyarov Dmitry , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Ford Jeremy , Luo Zhiyuan , Gammerman Alex , Menon Usha , Jacobs Ian
Published: January 2010

Background: The serum peptidome may be a valuable source of diagnostic cancer biomarkers. Previous mass spectrometry (MS) studies have suggested that groups of related peptides discriminatory for different cancer types are generated ex vivo from abundant serum proteins by tumor-specific exopeptidases. We tested 2 complementary serum profiling strategies to see if similar peptides could be found that discriminate ovarian cancer from benign cases and healthy controls.

Methods: We subjected identically collected and processed serum samples from healthy volunteers and patients to automated polypeptide extraction on octadecylsilane-coated magnetic beads and separately on ZipTips before MALDI-TOF MS profiling at 2 centers. The 2 platforms were compared and case control profiling data analyzed to find altered MS peak intensities. We tested models built from training datasets for both methods for their ability to classify a blinded test set.

Results: Both profiling platforms had CVs of approximately 15% and could be applied for high-throughput analysis of clinical samples. The 2 methods generated overlapping peptide profiles, with some differences in peak intensity in different mass regions. In cross-validation, models from training data gave diagnostic accuracies up to 87% for discriminating malignant ovarian cancer from healthy controls and up to 81% for discriminating malignant from benign samples. Diagnostic accuracies up to 71% (malignant vs healthy) and up to 65% (malignant vs benign) were obtained when the models were validated on the blinded test set.

Conclusions: For ovarian cancer, altered MALDI-TOF MS peptide profiles alone cannot be used for accurate diagnoses.
Survival through art and the art of survival
Authors: al-Nasiri Rafa
Published: January 2010

The impact of the artistic heritage of Iraq visible in monuments and in museums and art education in modern Iraq run by Iraqi and foreign artists in the 1940s and 1950s produced a solid foundation of distinguished Iraqi art that combined modern vision with national imprint. As the political
and social situation in Iraq was no more hospitable, particularly through the years of embargo that prevented artists from the basic tools of their art, many young artists left Iraq to neighbouring countries or farther away to pursue their vocation. The author of this article gives examples
of the new wave of Iraqi artists living abroad who continue to present Iraqi concerns and distinctiveness while adding new dimension drawn from their surroundings. The eight artists continue the trajectory of Iraqi art that was initiated by the pioneers.
An Oedometer for Studying Combined Effects of Temperature and Suction on Soils
Authors: François Bertrand , Laloui Lyesse
Published: January 2010

This paper reports the development of an advanced thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) oedometer in order to characterize the behavior of soils under combined non-isothermal and unsaturated conditions. The simultaneous control of temperature, suction, and stress states within the sample required rigorous calibration. This THM oedometer accommodates samples 80 mm in diameter and 23 mm in height. The applied vertical stresses can reach values of up to 1 MPa, the controlled temperature ranges from 20 to 80°C, and the applied suction is up to 500 kPa. The paper thoroughly discusses the calibration of the device and presents some results of tests performed on sandy silt.
Use of Fe–31Mn–7.5Al–1.3Si–0.9C Alloy for Fabrication of Resistive Elements
Authors: Casteletti L. C. , Lombardi Neto A. , Totten G. E. , Heck S. C. , Fernandes F. A. P.
Published: January 2010

Austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–Si–C steel provides excellent cold formability and good oxidation resistance for possible fabrication of resistive elements. In this work, austenitic Fe–31Mn–7.5Al–1.3Si–0.9C steel wire was obtained by cold rolling and then tested with respect to oxidation resistance and electrical resistive behavior. After being subjected to an isothermal oxidation test at 700°C in air, this steel exhibited behavior similar to that the AISI 304 stainless steel. When the test was conducted at 800°C, the performance was inferior to that the AISI 304 steel. However, after 40 h of testing, the mass-gain curve stabilized. From these results and the results of the electric resistance tests, the Fe–Mn–Al–Si alloy proved to be a promising candidate for substitution of thermo-resistive alloys of Ni–Cr and Fe–Ni–Cr for use at temperatures of up to 800°C. Such alloys provide the potential for cost performance savings by using lower cost alloying elements.
Determination of ε-Caprolactam Concentration in Water and a White Wine Simulant during Simulated Transport and Storage of Lidded Cups
Authors: Ianneo J. C. , Brown J. W. , Vorst K. , Singh J.
Published: January 2010

Under normal sealing and storage conditions, nylon-6, poly (caprolactam)-based plastic laminates may release impurities to packaged foods and liquids, and the application of heat for cooking often increases the rate of migration. Epsilon-caprolactam is one of the main contaminates found to migrate from a nylon-6 poly (caprolactam) plastic film. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of solvent, transportation, and storage time on the concentration of ε-caprolactam from a nylon-6-based lidding material in water or a white wine substitute (12 % ethanol) in poly (propylene) cups lidded with a nylon-6-based film. Cups were filled, sealed, packaged, stacked, and exposed to a simulated 3-day cross-country shipment. Cups were sampled with or without simulated shipment after 0, 7, 14, or 28 days at 20.6°C. Epsilon-caprolactam was determined using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with flame ionization detector and Restek Rtx 1301 megabore column. Results of the study indicated release of ε-caprolactam into containers at the time of sealing with significantly higher levels (4.42 ppm average) occurring in 12 % ethanol versus water (0.01 ppm average). After the cups were sealed, neither simulated cross-country shipment nor storage increased levels of ε-caprolactam in either solvent. It is not understood how the alcohol, whether as liquid or vapor, interacted with the lidding material to increase ε-caprolactam release at the time of sealing. No delamination of the poly (propylene) layer of the lidding material was observed when cups were sealed. Future research needs to be conducted to study the effects of alcohol, alcohol vapor, sealing time, and temperature on potential ε-caprolactam release.
Wagner, Klimt, and the Metaphysics of Creativity in fin-de-siècle Vienna
Authors: Karnes Kevin C.
Published: January 2010

This article takes a close look at a pair of well-known works by Gustav Klimt, the Nuda Veritas (1898) and the Beethoven Frieze (1902), and argues that the Schopenhauerian worldview evident in them testifies to the underappreciated influence of Richard Wagner on the Viennese artistic scene circa 1900. I begin by isolating previously unnoticed strains of Schopenhauerian iconography evident in the Nuda Veritas pertaining to the source and value of artistic creativity. I proceed by demonstrating that Klimt's peculiar use of that iconography conflicts with Schopenhauer's own theories of art, although it hews closely to Wagner's idiosyncratic interpretation of Schopenhauer's ideas outlined in his Beethoven essay and enacted in Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. After surveying evidence of Klimt's familiarity with Wagner's works, I turn to Die Meister singer, highlighting the unacknowledged ways in which that opera dramatically enacts Wagner's theories of creativity. I conclude by suggesting that some of those same theories underlie the imagery of Klimt's Beethoven Frieze, and by suggesting more broadly that the Beethoven Frieze and the Nuda Veritas testify to the vital role played by Wagner's music dramas in mediating and popularizing a quasi-Schopenhauerian worldview in the creative culture of the turn of the century.
The embryo's cystatin C and F expression functions as a protective mechanism against the maternal proteinase cathepsin S in mice
Authors: Baston-Buest D M , Schanz A , Buest S , Fischer J C , Kruessel J S , Hess A P
Published: January 2010

A successful implantation of a mammalian embryo into the maternal endometrium depends on a highly synchronized fetal–maternal dialogue involving chemokines, growth factors, and matrix-modifying enzymes. A growing body of evidence suggests an important role for proteinases playing a role in matrix degeneration and enhancing the embryo's invasive capacity and influencing the mother's immunological status in favor of the conceptus. This study focused on the expression of cathepsin S (CTSS) and its inhibitors in the murine fetal–maternal interface as well as the detection of the cellular sources of either proteinase and inhibitors. Nested RT-PCR for detection of embryonic mRNAs, immunohistochemistry of maternal and fetal tissues in B6C3F1 mice, and FACS analysis for determination of immunocompetent cell population were applied. This study shows that the cysteine proteinase CTSS is upregulated in the stroma of the implantation site, and that pregnancy induces an influx of CTSS-positive uterine natural killer cells. Compared to maternal tissues, the CTSS inhibitors cystatin F and C, but not the proteinase itself, are expressed in blastocysts. In conclusion, CTSS underlies a hormonal regulation in the maternal tissue and therewith most likely supports the embryonic implantation. The invading embryo regulates the depth of its own invasion through the expression of the cathepsin inhibitors and furthermore, interleukin-6 to activate CTSS in maternal tissues. Additionally, the observed decrease in CD3+cells leads to the hypothesis that cells of the cytotoxic T-cell group are down-regulated in the decidua to support the implantation and ensure the survival of the embryo.
Reprocessamento de artigos críticos em unidades básicas de saúde: perfil do operador e ações envolvidas
Authors: Costa Lidiana Flora Vidôto da , Freitas Maria Isabel Pedreira de
Published: January 2010

Estudo descritivo-exploratório que teve como objetivo conhecer o perfil e ações do operador do reprocessamento de artigos críticos nas unidades básicas de saúde de um município do Estado de São Paulo. Das 34 unidades básicas de saúde, verificou-se que 32,4% destes operadores receberam treinamentos admissionais e 8,8% há menos de um ano. Eles exerciam funções concomitantes ao reprocessamento como: imunização (11,7%), curativos (26,4%) e coletas de exames (23,5%). Esses resultados podem influenciar negativamente na qualidade do processo, limitando o controle de infecção nos locais estudados.
Ter hanseníase e trabalhar na enfermagem: história de lutas e superação
Authors: Gusmão Ana Paula Batista , Antunes Maria José Moraes
Published: January 2010

A pesquisa teve como objetivo conhecer a história dos ex-trabalhadores de enfermagem, que tiveram hanseníase internados compulsoriamente desde início do século XX no Brasil. A hanseníase, permeada de preconceitos e estigmas, no início dos anos 20 foi tratada por décadas com severas políticas públicas de isolamento compulsório dos doentes em Hospitais Colônias. Devido ao preconceito, havia dificuldade em contratar recursos humanos para manter estes estabelecimentos. As histórias dos sujeitos pesquisados surgiram a partir de entrevistas gravadas com sete moradores da colônia, pelo método da história oral. Os resultados da pesquisa apresentados parcialmente neste trabalho relatam as histórias de vida dos sujeitos, suas lutas, sofrimentos e sonhos. Confirmou-se que os próprios doentes eram mantenedores dos serviços dentro das colônias, inclusive os de Enfermagem.
Construção de uma tecnologia assistiva para validação entre cegos: enfoque na amamentação
Authors: Oliveira Paula Marciana Pinheiro , Rebouças Cristiana Brasil de Almeida , Pagliuca Lorita Marlena Freitag
Published: January 2010

Objetivou-se construir tecnologia assistiva na temática amamentação para validação por cegos. Esta tecnologia é um cordel que será cantarolado por repentistas para, posteriormente, ser apreciado por cegos. Realizou-se no período de maio a junho de 2008 e consta de 32 sextilhas, distribuídas nas categorias: 1. Composição do leite materno; 2. Mitos e tabus; 3. Profissional, família e amamentação; 4. Vantagens da amamentação para a criança; 5. Vantagens da amamentação para a mãe e família; 6. Comunicação em saúde. A partir deste cordel, ressalta-se a importância do enfermeiro atuar na promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças além de utilizá-lo como meio de comunicação e incentivo ao aleitamento.
Sentimentos vivenciados pelos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam em unidade de emergência
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , Martins Maria de Fátima Moraes Salles , Espósito Vitória Helena Cunha
Published: January 2010

OBJETIVO: conhecer o significado do trabalho em uma unidade de emergência para os profissionais de enfermagem. MÉTODO: tratou-se de pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica. A coleta de dados foi obtida por meio de 14 entrevistas com profissionais de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: os profissionais de enfermagem convivem com sentimentos díspares, como cansaço, esgotamento, angústia e revolta pela sobrecarga e limitações dos recursos frente às situações que envolvem risco de morte. CONCLUSÃO: apesar do estresse que esses profissionais enfrentam durante o cotidiano de trabalho, eles mantêm o compromisso de prestar uma assistência com qualidade e humanização, havendo tendência para exaustão emocional, desânimo e sentimentos de angústia, o que reafirma a importância da prevenção de saúde no ambiente de trabalho.
Participação da enfermagem nas Conferências Nacionais de Saúde
Authors: Dourado Edilmar Pereira Vilela , Sanna Maria Cristina
Published: January 2010

As Conferências Nacionais de Saúde abordaram a questão de Recursos Humanos com ênfase, fazendo prescrições de interesse para a Enfermagem, categoria numerosa dentre os profissionais da saúde. Com o objetivo de identificar, descrever e analisar o que os relatórios finais das cinco últimas conferências mencionaram sobre este tema, realizou-se estudo documental por meio de análise do discurso contido nesses textos. As categorias encontradas foram: condição de trabalho; educação, formação e capacitação; formação de equipes multiprofissionais e humanização. Concluiu-se que os aspectos abordados sejam de maneira pontual, seja numa formulação mais complexa dirigiram-se aos recursos humanos como um todo, com pouca especificidade para a enfermagem em contraste com a significância deste grupamento para o SUS.
Enfermagem em estomaterapia: cuidados clínicos ao portador de úlcera venosa
Authors: Silva Francisca Alexandra Araújo da , Freitas Consulelo Helena Aires de , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Alcântara Maria Cláudia Moreira de
Published: January 2010

Estudo de revisão cujo objetivo é analisar a produção científica de Enfermagem acerca da úlcera venosa, no período de 2002 a 2007. Para o levantamento de artigos foram consultados periódicos de enfermagem indexados nos sistemas Medline e LILACS. Foram encontrados 25 artigos em sete periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Foi verificado que a produção científica versa sobre diversos aspectos, havendo necessidade de estudos acerca das questões humanísticas. Concluiu-se que o cuidado úlcera venosa é expresso em alguns aspectos na pesquisa de enfermagem, mas o assunto ainda é pouco pesquisado e existem poucas pesquisas qualitativas que abordam esse conteúdo.
Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem: acidente por Loxosceles gaucho
Authors: Kamimura Helayne Mika , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro , Ayres Jairo Aparecido
Published: January 2010

Relato de experiência realizado em um hospital de ensino, com uma paciente vítima de acidente por aranha do gênero Loxosceles gaucho. Este tipo de acidente pode ser classificado como leve, moderado e grave, o que dependerá do tempo entre o ocorrido e o atendimento. Objetivou-se aplicar a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem de forma integralizada e humanizada. Foram estabelecidos os seguintes diagnósticos de enfermagem: dor aguda, integridade da pele prejudicada, riscos para infecção, constipação e baixa auto-estima. O relacionamento terapêutico favoreceu as interações aluna/paciente e possibilitou o reconhecimento das necessidades que mereciam intervenções de enfermagem. O processo de enfermagem foi um instrumento valioso e trouxe elementos importantes para a evolução diária da paciente e adequação do planejamento, priorizando a qualidade dos cuidados.
Características químicas de solos de várzeas sob diferentes sistemas de uso da terra, na calha dos rios baixo Solimões e médio Amazonas
Authors: Fajardo Juan Daniel Villacis , Souza Luiz Augusto Gomes de , Alfaia Sônia Sena
Published: January 2010

Foram estudados os solos de várzea alta e baixa em quatro municípios situados na calha dos rios baixo Solimões e médio Amazonas (Manacapuru, Iranduba, Itacoatiara e Silves), com o objetivo de avaliar as características químicas dos solos assim como os possíveis efeitos da unidade de paisagem e dos diferentes sistemas de uso da terra sobre o estoque de nutrientes nesses solos. Um total de 19 diferentes sistemas de uso da terra foi amostrado, sendo oito no baixo rio Solimões e onze no médio rio Amazonas. Os solos foram amostrados nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm de profundidade. As determinações efetuadas foram: pH, Al, Ca, Mg, K, P, C, N, Zn, Cu, Mn e Fe. Todos os sistemas de uso da terra amostrados apresentaram uma alta disponibilidade de Ca, Mg, P, Zn, Cu, Mn e Fe. Apesar do elevado teor de K encontrado na maioria das amostras analisadas, as áreas de capoeiras e sítios na região do médio rio Amazonas, apresentaram uma concentração média de K mostrando que esse nutriente em algumas áreas de várzea pode se tornar limitante. Ao contrário dos outros sistemas de cultivo que apresentaram baixas concentrações de Al trocável, os sistemas de floresta e capoeiras apresentaram acidez elevada e valores tóxicos, desse elemento. Na maior parte dos sistemas de uso da terra estudados, os níveis de C e N no solo foram baixos confirmando que o N é um dos principais nutrientes limitantes para a produção agrícola em área de várzea na Amazônia.
Substâncias ergásticas foliares de espécies amazônicas de Oenocarpus Mart. (Arecaceae): caracterização histoquímica e ultra-estrutural
Authors: Silva Rolf Junior Ferreira , Vilhena Potiguara Raimunda Conceição de
Published: January 2010

O presente estudo teve por objetivo diagnosticar e caracterizar as substâncias ergásticas foliares de Oenocarpus bacaba Mart., O. distichus Mart., O. mapora H. Karst. e O. minor Mart. através de microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura, análises histoquímicas e microanálises físicas. Secções transversais e longitudinais, assim como maceração foram realizadas em material botânico fixado. As análises histoquímicas foram empregadas em material botânico in natura, seguindo-se protocolos específicos para mucilagem, amido e sílica. Microanálises físicas foram feitas com Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) detector. Nas espécies estudadas de Oenocarpus Mart., as substâncias ergásticas foliares correspondem a mucilagem amorfa; grãos de amido poliédricos do tipo simples e sílica opalina sob a forma de corpos elípticos e esféricos-globosos de superfície espiculada, ambos com elevado teor de dióxido de silício. As observações microscópicas, os testes histoquímicos e as microanálises físicas permitiram diagnosticar, caracterizar e elucidar a estrutura e ultra-estrutura das substâncias ergásticas ocorrentes nas folhas dos táxons analisados de Oenocarpus Mart.
Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) do litoral paraense
Authors: Sousa Julio dos Santos de , Bastos Maria de Nazaré do Carmo , Rocha Antônio Elielson Sousa
Published: January 2010

Este trabalho consiste no tratamento taxonômico de Mimosoideae nas restingas do litoral paraense, uma vez que estas são pouco conhecidas sob esse aspecto. Esse estudo abrangeu a análise do material proveniente de coletas e exsicatas dos herbários MG e IAN, além de literatura especializada. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições e ilustrações dos táxons, bem como dados adicionais sobre distribuição geográfica, comentários, período de floração e frutificação e hábitat das mesmas. O fruto foi o caráter de maior destaque na separação dos táxons. Os resultados evidenciaram a presença de sete espécies, três variedades e uma subespécie, distribuídas em seis gêneros. Inga thibaudiana subsp. thibaudiana e Mimosa candollei, são novos registros para o litoral do Pará. O gênero Inga Mill. foi o mais representativo com cinco espécies. Entada polystachya var. polystachya e principalmente Chloroleucon acacioides apresentaram distribuição mais ampla e a formação floresta de restinga foi o ecossistema que apresentou o maior número de espécie.
Efluxo de CO2 do solo em floresta de transição Amazônia Cerrado e em área de pastagem
Authors: Pinto-Junior Osvaldo Borges , Sanches Luciana , Dalmolin Andrea Carla , Nogueira José Souza de
Published: January 2010

O objetivo deste trabalho foi (a) estimar o efluxo de CO2 do solo em uma Floresta de Transição Amazônica Cerrado e em uma área de Pastagem localizadas no norte do Mato Grosso, e (b) verificar a influência da umidade e temperatura do solo, e serrapilheira acumulada no efluxo de CO2. As medições foram realizadas com aparelho de absorção de CO2 por infravermelho (EGM/WMA-2 PP System, Hitchin Hertz, UK) de maio/2005 a abril/2006. Os valores médios do efluxo de CO2 do solo na Floresta e na área de Pastagem foram de 5,45 e 4,95 µmolm-2s-1, respectivamente. Uma resposta satisfatória do efluxo de CO2 do solo e a serrapilheira acumulada, ocorreu somente na estação seca. Na estação seca o comportamento do efluxo de CO2 do solo foi semelhante na Floresta de Transição Amazônica Cerrado e na área de Pastagem, e na estação úmida os ecossistemas apresentaram comportamentos distintos, e o efluxo de CO2 do solo na área de Pastagem foi superior ao na Floresta de Transição. É essencial que se avalie a influência de outros fatores no efluxo de CO2 em ecossistemas localizados em um mesmo ecótono para a obtenção de novas respostas que contribuíam para esclarecer as dúvidas da emissão de CO2 em nível mundial.
Efeito de duas intensidades de colheita de madeira na estrutura de uma floresta natural na região de Paragominas, Pará
Authors: Francez Luciana Maria de Barros , Carvalho João Olegário Pereira de , Jardim Fernando Cristóvam da Silva , Quanz Beatriz , Pinheiro Klewton Adriano Oliveira
Published: January 2010

Foram estudadas as mudanças na estrutura de 108ha de uma floresta primária submetida a duas intensidades de colheita de madeira, na Fazenda Rio Capim, pertencente à Cikel Brasil Verde Madeiras Ltda., no município de Paragominas, Pará. Os dados foram coletados, em dois períodos (2003, antes da exploração, e 2004, após a exploração) em 36 parcelas permanentes quadradas de 0,25ha, estabelecidas aleatoriamente na área, sendo12 em floresta não-explorada: Testemunha - T0; 12 em floresta explorada com colheita apenas do fuste comercial das árvores: Tratamento - T1; e 12 em floresta explorada com colheita do fuste e dos resíduos lenhosos: Tratamento - T2. Em 2003 foram registrados 4469 indivíduos com DAP > 10cm, nas 36 parcelas amostradas (9ha). Sete meses após a exploração (2004), foram observados na área 4531 indivíduos com DAP > 10cm, sendo 4330 vivos. Lecythis idatimon, Poecilanthe effusa, Rinorea flavescens, Eschweilera grandiflora, Eschweilera pedicellata, Inga sp., Protium spp., Vouacapoua americana, Guatteria poeppigiana e Eschweilera coriacea foram as dez espécies mais importantes, tanto antes como após a exploração. A estrutura da floresta, tanto no T1 como no T2, sofreu alterações significantes devido à exploração a que foi submetida. Entretanto, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os três tratamentos, sugerindo que com a intensidade de exploração aplicada, mais a retirada adicional dos resíduos, a floresta manteve as características semelhantes à floresta original, apesar do menor estoque de árvores adultas de espécies comerciais. Recomendam-se estudos sobre a regeneração natural (DAP < 10cm), silvicultura pós-colheita e crescimento da floresta.
Changes in the relationship between society and nature in the Mezzo-region of Southeastern Pará, Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Monteiro Maurilio de Abreu , Coelho Maria Célia Nunes , Silva Regiane Paracampos da
Published: January 2010

With this work, the authors wish to show some of the alterations in the pattern of relations between society and nature, which have taken place throughout the 20th century in the Parauapebas and Itacaiúnas river valleys, as well as in parts of the Tocantins River valley, in southeastern Pará. This is accomplished through descriptions based on Coudreau's first-hand accounts (1889), transcribed in "Voyage a Itaboca et a L'Itacayuna", published in 1897, which depicts an area almost totally covered by forest. This is followed by a counter view made possible through the LandSat 5 satellite sensors, with images of those valleys in 2001, showing the consequences of society transformations and pressure on natural resources, and above all the dramatic decrease in the size of the forest, reduced to 52 percent of the 63,000 square kilometers analyzed herein.
Anemia e marcadores séricos da deficiência de ferro em grávidas atendidas na rede pública municipal de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: Costa Carolina Marinho da , Brum Ione Rodrigues , Lima Emerson Silva
Published: January 2010

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a anemia em grávidas, associando os resultados da dosagem de hemoglobina e hematócrito com a análise de marcadores do perfil sérico do ferro. Participaram do estudo 92 grávidas que estavam realizando pré-natal em unidades de atendimento à saúde no Município de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Foi aplicado um formulário para obtenção dos dados antropométricos e informações sobre estilo de vida, além de serem realizadas dosagens dos níveis séricos de ferro, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro (CLLF), capacidade total de ligação do ferro (CTLF), índice de saturação da transferrina (IST), transferrina, ferritina e níveis sanguíneos de hemoglobina e hematócrito por metodologia automatizada utilizando kits comerciais disponíveis. Foram encontradas 26,1% de grávidas com níveis de hemoglobina abaixo de 11 g/dL. Observou-se que 17,4% das grávidas com níveis normais de hemoglobina apresentavam níveis inadequados de ferro sérico e 9,8% apresentavam níveis baixos de ferritina sérica. Os níveis de ferritina e de hemoglobina apresentaram diferença significativa entre os trimestres de gestação (p < 0,05, ANOVA). Os resultados sugerem que a dosagem da hemoglobina juntamente com outros marcadores do perfil sérico do ferro pode trazer uma avaliação mais precisa da deficiência de ferro na gravidez.
Hidroquímica do rio Solimões na região entre Manacapuru e Alvarães: Amazonas - Brasil
Authors: Queiroz Maria Mireide Andrade , Horbe Adriana Maria Coimbra , Seyler Patrick , Moura Candido Augusto Veloso
Published: January 2010

Este trabalho discute as características físico-químicas das águas dos rios Solimões, Purus e seus afluentes, coletadas em novembro de 2004 no Estado do Amazonas, entre as cidades de Manacapuru-Alvarães e Anamã-Pirarauara. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, Ca2+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, HCO3-, SO4(2-), Cl-), de elementos-traço (Li, B, Al, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, La, Ce e U) e isótopos de estrôncio. Os parâmetros analisados e a composição química mostram que as águas dos rios e igarapés da região central da Amazônia são quimicamente distintas entre si. As águas brancas do Solimões são cálcicas-bicarbonatadas e as do Purus bicarbonatadas, os respectivos afluentes são sódico-potássico-bicarbonatados e sódico-potássico-sulfatados. Isso acarreta águas brancas fracamente ácidas a neutras e mais condutivas, enquanto as pretas são menos mineralizadas, mais ácidas, especialmente as do Purus. O Ba, Sr, Cu, V e As mais elevados diferenciam as águas brancas do Solimões das do Purus, bem como os afluentes do primeiro em relação ao segundo. Esse conjunto de características indicam que tanto o Solimões, como o Purus e os respectivos afluentes, estão submetidos a condições geológicas/ambientais distintas. A influência do aporte de sedimentos dos Andes é diluída ao longo da bacia do Solimões e se reflete na formação das várzeas dos Solimões e Purus. Por outro lado as rochas crustais, representadas pelos escudos das Guianas e Brasileiro também contribuem, mas em menor proporção.
Determinação espectrofotométrica do arsênio em solo da cidade de Santana-AP usando o método do dietilditiocarbamato de prata (SDDC) modificado
Authors: Pereira Simone de Fátima Pinheiro , Oliveira Geiso Rafael Fonseca , Oliveira Johny da Silva , Silva Juliane da Silva e , Sousa Junior Pedro Moreira de
Published: January 2010

Várias toneladas de rejeito de manganês contendo arsênio, gerado por uma empresa de mineração, foram utilizadas como aterro de ruas da cidade de Santana-AP. A possibilidade de exposição das pessoas residentes nessas localidades levou ao estudo de quantificação de arsênio total nos solos. Após a digestão, os teores de arsênio foram quantificados por espectrofotometria de absorção molecular usando um sistema automático de geração de hidretos (HG-MAS), diciclohexilamina/CHCl3 como solvente do dietilditiocarbamato de prata (SDDC) e KBH4 como redutor. O método apresentou bons resultados com sensibilidade (ε) de 1,10 10(4) L.mol-1.cm-1, estabilidade de 2,96% e outras vantagens em relação ao método oficial. O método foi aplicado em amostras de referência de solo com recuperação de 98,82 % (N=10). As análises de solos mostraram que do total de amostras analisadas 94,74 % apresentaram concentração de arsênio acima do valor editado pela CETESB para solo residencial (50 mg.kg-1) com valor médio de 682,96 mg.kg-1, variando de 48,08 mg.kg-1 a 1.713,00 mg.kg-1 que comprova a contaminação do solo pelo arsênio.
In vitro screening of Amazonian plants for hemolytic activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation in human blood
Authors: Oliveira Viviana Maria Araújo de , Carneiro Ana Lucia Basilio , Cauper Glaucia Socorro de Barros , Pohlit Adrian Martin
Published: January 2010

In the present study, different aerial parts from twelve Amazonian plant species found in the National Institute for Amazon Research's (INPA's) Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve (in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) were collected. Separate portions of dried, ground plant materials were extracted with water (by infusion), methanol and chloroform (by continuous liquid-solid extraction) and solvents were removed first by rotary evaporation, and finally by freeze-drying which yielded a total of seventy-one freeze-dried extracts for evaluation. These extracts were evaluated initially at concentrations of 500 and 100 µg/mL for in vitro hemolytic activity and in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation in human blood, respectively. Sixteen extracts (23 % of all extracts tested, 42 % of all plant species), representing the following plants: Chaunochiton kappleri (Olacaceae), Diclinanona calycina (Annonaceae), Paypayrola grandiflora (Violaceae), Pleurisanthes parviflora (Icacinaceae), Sarcaulus brasiliensis (Sapotaceae), exhibited significant inhibitory activity towards human platelet aggregation. A group of extracts with antiplatelet aggregation activity having no in vitro hemolytic activity has therefore been identified. Three extracts (4 %), all derived from Elaeoluma nuda (Sapotaceae), exhibited hemolytic activity. None of the plant species in this study has known use in traditional medicine. So, these data serve as a baseline or minimum of antiplatelet and hemolytic activities (and potential usefulness) of non-medicinal plants from the Amazon forest. Finally, in general, these are the first data on hemolytic and inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation for the genera which these plant species represent.