bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biology and ecology of the rare species Astragalus galactites Pall. in the South-Western Transbaikal
Authors: Alekseeva Elena Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

Astragalus galactites Pall. (milky-white astragalus) is a species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Buryatia, has a category and status of 4 (DD), a species with an uncertain status, a representative of the Fabaceae family. A. galactites belongs to the mountain-steppe zone and has a point distribution. It belongs to the early spring flowering stem-rooted herbaceous polycarpacae, with polycyclic monopodially growing shoots. Its a hemicryptophyte. A. galactites occupies a narrow ecological niche: steppe, sandy, rocky steppe slopes and saline coast of lakes. It prefers open spaces with good illumination, winds and fluctuations in temperature, to which it has perfectly adapted, and which are a selective filter for other species. It is confined to dry low grass-semi-shrub mountain petrophytic steppes, well adapted to the lack of moisture sclerophite. Most of all it is found in saline habitats. Its an optional halophyte. In the vegetation cover, the milky-white astragalus acts as an assektator. By the type of ecological-phytocenotic strategy, A. galactites belongs to ecotopic patients. As a rare species it needs protection. We propose to create protected areas, which is part of the biocenoses of the coenopopulation of the rare species, as an optimal measure for floristic diversity conservation.
Accumulation of heavy metals by family Lymnaeidae representatives as response to anthropogenic pollution critical levels of South Ural reservoirs
Authors: Deryagin Vladimir Vladislavovich , Nazarenko Nazar Nikolayevich , Devyatova Ekaterina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The features of heavy metals accumulation by Lymnaea fragilis and L. psilia were researched for the aerate emission polluted area of Karabash copper-smelting manufacturing (Southern Ural). These features are concluded with selective redistribution of heavy metals between soft tissues and the shell of Lymnaea. The heavy metals accumulation takes place by three independent tendencies: water soft tissues, water shell and soft tissues shell. The heavy metals content levels a thousand times exceed the physiological norm in soft tissues while in shell they exceed manifold. In the first place manganese and iron are accumulated while the cobalt, cadmium and molybdenum are finalizing the researched rank of accumulation. It has been ascertained that more biophil manganese are accumulated in mollusk soft tissues more than in other metals, while slightly less biophil iron is accumulated in shell, mainly in surface layers. For soft tissues and shell different ranks of heavy metals accumulation are observed, but these ranks are similar for different habitats, thus qualitative biogeochemical similarity is observed. The heavy metals accumulation in the system water soft tissues shell can help to estimate the extent of the metal environment pollution as well as local biophility of this metal. The adaptive response of pond snails to anthropogenic pollution is that there are more of them in less polluted reservoirs and less in more polluted reservoirs. It has been confirmed, that high heavy metals concentration and low pH level in reservoirs leads to death and absolute absence of these mollusk species.
Use of corvids’ nests by other bird species in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia
Authors: Dorzhiev Tsydypzhap Zayatuevich , Badmaeva Evgeniya Nikolaevna , Dayanzhav Tsogtbaatar , Enkhsaikhan Uuganbayar , Saaya Ariyana Tomur-oolovna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the species composition of corvids in Baikal Siberia and Mongolia. More than 700 nests of 8 species of corvids in Transbaikalia, Baikal and Mongolia were examined. 133 cases of using nests of 5 species of corvids (Magpies, Eastern Carrion Crow, Rooks and Daurian Jackdaws) by other species of birds were noted. Nests of small corvids do not attract other birds. Nests of magpies are most commonly used; they are characterized by a specific structure. Of the 8 species that use corvid nests for nesting, Amur red-footed Falcon and long-eared owl are obligate tenants. Then goes Kestrel that prefers magpie nests. The number of these types in many places is determined by the abundance of magpies and crows. In recent years, due to the high number of magpies, the number of Amur falcons in the region is growing. They began following magpies to penetrate the outskirts of Ulan-Ude. Three species (Mallard, hobby, tree sparrows) are considered optional to be the tenants and three other species (Ruddy Shelduck, Long-eared Owl and House Sparrow) are considered to be random. Tree sparrows often nest in the magpie nests in natural habitats. Almost all types of tenants use old nests of the owners. Regional features in the use of corvid nests are revealed. Some species in different regions do not prefer the same nests of different types of corvids.
Morphometric characteristics of inflorescences and phenology of introduced plants of the genus Crataegus L. in the Kola subarctic conditions
Authors: Zotova Olesya Evgenievna , Goncharova Oksana Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents phenological development of seven introduced species of the genus Crataegus L. in the Kola North. The studied hawthorn species are characterized by early onset of vegetation, short duration of linear growth of shoots and a short vegetation period. Timely completion of growth processes and lignification of shoots contribute to successful adaptation of Crataegus plants under the conditions of introduction. The authors study morphometric parameters of flowers and inflorescences, decorative qualities, size and density of the inflorescence, the number of flowers in the inflorescence, the diameter of the flowers. The most decorative species of Crataegus during flowering are selected. The plants of the studied hawthorns are characterized by the average duration of the prefloral period, annual / irregular flowering. The most decorative species during flowering are the ones with larger flowers and inflorescences: C. maximoviczii and C. dahurica. Species with a large number of flowers are characterized by a denser inflorescence. Species with smaller flowers form smaller inflorescences and vice versa. In the conditions of the Kola Subarctic, the number of flowers in the inflorescence depends mainly on the specific features. C. maximoviczii is recommended for gardening in northern cities.
Current status of Cypripedium macranthon Sw. (Orchidaceae) coenopopulation on Bering Islands (Komandorsky reserve)
Authors: Mogileva Anzhelika Vasilyevna , Lavrentyev Mikhail Vasilyevich , Petrova Nadezhda Andreevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of Cypripedium macranthon Sw. monitoring on Bering Island (Kamchatka Krai) in 20122018. Cypripedium macranthon Sw is a rare Orchidaceae species enlisted in several regional Red Books and the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The species on Bering Island inhabits its north-eastern range border and is protected in Komandorsky State Biosphere Nature Reserve. 7 coenopoulations of C. macranthon are found on the island. The studied coenopopulation inhabits the polydominant mixed-herbs-gramineous meadow on coastal sandy dunes. The coenopopulation occupies 4,0 ha and consists of separate loci. The vital state of the plants was defined as normal (3 points). Adult vegetative and generative individuals prevail in the coenopopulation. According to our data the number of shoots was 8 to 16 individuals per sq. m. The average number of generative shoots in 2013, 2017 and 2018 was 9, 10 and 1,4 correspondingly. The maximum generativity index of 81,8% was marked in 2013 due to favorable conditions of the vegetative season. The quantitative data from different periods allow to assume that C. macranthon coenopopulations state is stable which if determined by the population dynamics and proportion of generative shoots.
The balance of photosynthetic pigments pools and phenolic compounds in dwarf shrubs on the weakly disrupted territory
Authors: Ustinova Marina Vyacheslavovna , Kravchenko Inessa Vyacheslavovna , Rusak Svetlana Nikolaevna , Yadgarova Diana Athamzhanovna
Published: December 2020

The paper identifies photosynthetic pigments pools balance and phenolic compounds in suffruticous species of Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. on the Tundrinsky bor territory (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra) for the purpose of ecological and biochemical assessment of the valuable plant species status. The authors carry out a comparative analysis of the studied biochemical parameters (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and phenolic compounds) of two species leaves, collected from two sample plots similar in landscape and soil and hydrological conditions of the weakly disrupted territory of the Tundrinsky bor territory. The analysis of the suffruticous species leaves for chlorophyll content revealed the following distribution of chlorophyll pools: chlorophyll a 64,96%, chlorophyll b 35,04% for leaves of Vaccinium myrtillus and chlorophyll a 68,28%, chlorophyll b 31, 72% for leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea. The average content of carotenoids and phenolic compounds of Vaccinium myrtillus leaves was 0,62 0,11 mg/g and 14,18 1,65 mg/g, respectively, in Vaccinium vitis-idaea leaves 0,52 0,12 mg/g and 18,79 2,25 mg/g, respectively. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a direct average strength correlation (r = 0,4) between the levels of chlorophyll and phenolic compounds in the leaves of Vaccinium vitis-idaea.
Invasions of Bidens frondosa L. (Asteraceae) in communities of saline soils of south-east Europe
Authors: Yuritsyna Natalia Alekseevna , Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Bidens frondosa is an invasive xenophyte which is naturalized in vegetative communities on the territory of the Southeast of Europe. The natural area of B. frondosa is in the North America. The secondary one is on the territory of Eurasia, here B. frondosa forces out native B. tripartita that is explained by competitive superiority of the North American species on growth rates and seed efficiency on soils of different fertility and water regime. In the secondary area in Eurasia B. frondosa grows on banks of reservoirs and water currents as well as on other damp habitats (including disturbed ones) often in large quantities. This species is also found on saline soils of the European Southeast. It is registered in communities of association Atriplici aucheri-Tamaricetum ramosissimae Golub et al. 1998 belonging to class Nerio-Tamaricetea Br.-Bl. et Bols 1958 order Tamaricetalia ramosissimae Golub in Barmin 2001 alliance Elytrigio repentis-Tamaricion ramosissimae Golub in Barmin 2001, in one of its subassociations A.au.-T.r. althaeetosum Golub et al. 1998, but there B. frondosa is the diagnostic taxon as well as the constant species that is met in all of its described coenosis.
Population of the Upper and Middle Kama basin in the Neolithic
Authors: Demakov Denis Aleksandrovich , Lychagina Evgenia Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

The paper gives a description of the landscapes formed in the Upper and Middle Kama basin in the Holocene. First of all, we talk about the first river terraces and the most ancient floodplain generations. In the Upper and Middle Kama basin, 78 Neolithic sites are known. During the mapping of the study area, 4 micro regions were identified with a large concentration of Neolithic settlements and territories with no Neolithic sites are known. The first group includes: the old-channel formation of the Chashkinskoye Lake, the Berezovaya River and the Chusovsky Lake District, the old-channel formation of the Khomutovskoe Lake and surroundings of Perm. The second one is the Upper Kama in the Gainsky and Kosinsky District s of the Perm Region and middle flows of the Chusovaya and Sylva rivers. The analysis of Neolithic sites locations showed that there is a dependence on the first formed terraces and the most ancient floodplains of large water arteries. Actually the most of the sites were located on its tributaries rather than on the upper Kama river.
Absolute chronology of ceramics of the Lugovskoy type
Authors: Andreev Konstantin Mikhailovich , Vybornov Alexander Alekseevich , Kulkova Marianna Alekseevna , Khramov Dmitriy Yurievich
Published: December 2020

The ceramics of the Lugovskoy type is represented by small straight-walled, weakly profiled or rounded canals with a flat or flat-concave bottom. The surface of the vessels is carefully smoothed, the external one is clogged. The fragments of ceramics have a visually dense molding material; the original plastic raw materials are silty clay, which sometimes contain an admixture of sand, shell or organic matter. The bulk of the vessels are ornamented only with horizontal bands of pits or pearls, sometimes along the neck of the vessels. The formation of the Lugovskoy type is associated with the interaction of the Elshanskaya and Lower Volga populations, while the Elshanskaya component was dominant. The existence of the Lugovskoy type dishes belongs to the end of the early Neolithic period of the forest-steppe Volga region and characterizes the second stage of the development of the Elshanskaya culture. The problem of the absolute chronology of the Lugovskoy ceramics hasnt been studied yet. As a rule, the dating obtained for vessels of this type were considered in the context of the general chronology of the Elshanskaya culture and did not receive an appropriate interpretation in special works. To fill this gap is the main task of this paper. During the analysis of a representative series of radiocarbon determinations, it was established that the existence time of the dishes of the Lugovskoy type can be determined within the end of the first second quarter of the 6th millennium BC. At the same time, with an increase in the radiocarbon date bank, the expansion of the chronological framework for the development of the final stage of the early Neolithic of the forest-steppe Volga region cannot be ruled out.
Signs of gathering and fishing on the monuments of the Late Neolithic – Early Eneolithic of Karelia (based on the settlement of Vigainavolok I)
Authors: Vasilyeva Tatyana Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the study results of Vigainavolok I materials. This settlement is located on the west of Lake Onega in Karelia. The monument was investigated by G.A. Pankrushev in 19631966. Its area was 8,000 m. 26 buildings remains were revealed. The area of 2748 m was studied. The inventory collection includes more than 25 thousand pieces of ceramics and about 7 thousand pieces of stone, clay and metal. The buildings served as dwellings and workshops. The collection includes sinkers that are marked as direct signs of fishing. Favorable climatic conditions for the development in the forest zone, confined to the coast of a large body of water, settlement equipment, osteological materials of the Stone Age monuments characterize fishing as one of the determining factors in the life of the population.
State policy in the field of social security for families of soldiers in ethnic military formations during the World War I (1914–1917)
Authors: Podpryatov Nikolay Vyacheslavovich , Poperechnaya Anastasiya Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

The paper examines the normative legal acts of the First World War period, which regulated the social sphere, studied the social practices and institutions of the charity system in the national regions of the empire. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the measures of state social support and manage its delivery to certain groups of the empire population during the First World War. The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that the issues of social assistance to families of soldiers and cavalrymen of ethnic military formations have not yet become the subject of deep historical research. The authors, based on the systematization of legal documents of the era and the analysis of archival materials, first introduced into scientific circulation, identify common approaches in the production of cash benefits for food, reveal the features of the implementation of social charity regulations in national regions. A comparative analysis of the social practices of the war period allows us to conclude that the governments policy in this area was systematic and quite effective. Institutions of power demonstrated timely responses to the demands of society in matters of social security of the family, which provided timely and equal material support to the families of volunteers in the army, regardless of their ethnic or religious affiliation.
Problems of foreign students’ integration into the educational environment of a pedagogical university
Authors: Arestova Inessa Yuryevna
Published: December 2020

A survey was conducted among foreign students studying at Natural Sciences Education Faculty of the I. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University located in Cheboksary, the Republic of Chuvashia, Russia. The methodology was used to diagnose the learning motivation of students and a survey was conducted in order to identify socio-pedagogical conditions of students adaptation to the university. Leading motives have been established that determine the desire of foreign students to obtain higher education in Russian cities. The dynamics of student motivation changes has been revealed. It is also found that the assessment of the university and faculty management work by foreign students testifies to the favorable social and pedagogical environment that is developed at the faculty and university. Foreign students poor knowledge of special terminology used for the study of natural sciences is noted. The author identified that it is necessary for foreign students to acquire professional activities of pedagogical education bachelors. Studying at a pedagogical university is demanded by foreign citizens from Central Asia states. Working with foreign students enriches the teaching experience of faculty members. Strengthening multicultural relations, creating conditions conducive to the full self-realization of foreign students personality facilitates the process of their adaptation and integration into the educational environment. Training a prospective bachelor of pedagogical education as a specialist takes place in the context of motivations change throughout the learning process. At the same time, an important point is the confidence in the future profession. In such conditions, educational and cognitive motives become more important and stimulate students to acquire knowledge in the field of their chosen profession.
Valuable aspects of prospective teacher’s professional identity development
Authors: Berkutova Diana Iskanderovna , Gromova Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Gorshkova Tatyana Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper actualizes one of the most important problems of modern higher education prospective teachers professional identity development. The authors study the history of the problem of identity, analyze the main theoretical approaches to the essence of the concept from the point of view of foreign and domestic scientists, and provide options for planning horizontal and vertical career of the teacher. The paper presents the results of the study of pedagogical university students value orientations in the context of planning their career strategy. The experimental sample of respondents consisted of full-time students of Physical, Mathematical and Technological Education Department of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov. They were diagnosed by F. Herzbergs method, aimed at identifying the predominant role of hygienic factors or motivators in the career, as well as by Edgar H. Scheins Career Anchors method, used to determine the leading professional motives. The results of the study were subjected to a thorough analysis. The paper presents comparative data of the diagnostics. The obtained materials can serve as a starting point for further theoretical and practical development of the problem of successful prospective teachers professional identity development.
Development of professional foreign language speaking competences of students majoring in «Tourism Business» at the economic university
Authors: Glukhov Gennady Vasilyevich , Ermakova Yulia Dmitrievna , Kapustina Lyubov Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses ways to optimize the process of students professional foreign language competence development at a non-linguistic university, based on students language and speech training at the economic university training program of Tourism business, which combines a comprehensive business training with entrepreneurial approach to future qualified professionals working in the leisure and tourism industry. This involves acquisition of necessary competencies by students, aiming them at the prospect of becoming entrepreneurs and managers who are able to realize their working potential both at the national and international level. This, in turn, imposes quite high requirements for professional language training at a non-linguistic university and implies fluency in a foreign language by graduates. An additional catalyst for the Samara Region and a dozen other regions of the Russian Federation was the 2018 FIFA World Cup, which stimulated the formation of modern infrastructure of the tourism industry and confirmed relevant changes in the field of higher education. Globalization and the Internet have changed all aspects of foreign language training, including at a non-language university, especially for the tourism and hotel industry. Many of the strategies that have been applied in higher education until recently are no longer effective at present because of new and constantly evolving technical capabilities.
Students’ self-development through the prism of electronic portfolio
Authors: Dobudko Tatiana Valerianovna , Gorbatov Sergey Vasilievich , Dobudko Alexandr Valerianovich , Pugach Olga Isaakovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper discusses one of the urgent tasks of higher education at the present stage the development of the personality of a specialist capable of self-development in the conditions of education digitalization in the Russian Federation. The creation of the system of continuous education in Russia is primarily the result of this process, as specialists self-education is a necessary condition for successful employment, career growth, social and professional mobility at the present time. At the same time, the needs and opportunities of various forms of continuing education are unevenly distributed in various industries. So the IT industry requires constant self-education of employees. Practice shows that secondary general education, as a rule, does not develop the necessary skills of graduates self-education. Therefore, the issues of management of bachelors self-development as well as the formation of readiness for continuous education are very relevant for higher education. The paper describes conditions for the development of bachelors readiness to continue education in its various forms (formal, informal) using the electronic portfolio system, which is an integral part of the electronic information and educational environment (EIEE) of the University. The obtained materials can serve as a basis for the development of a single electronic educational space of Russian universities.
Project activities of bachelor students of a pedagogical university as a condition for preparing schoolchildren’s research activities
Authors: Zaitseva Olga Arkadyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses current issues of training a professional teacher, a successful organizer of schoolchildrens research activities. The material is presented in terms of new standards. The author discusses innovative forms of educational process organization at university and school the creation of a single educational space based on the principles of science and education integration. The main condition for schoolchildrens research potential development and successful teachers development is the project activity of students and schoolchildren in the framework of cooperation. A structural model of network interaction between the Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, schools № 151, 129, 173 of Nizhny Novgorod, the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad) and the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) has been developed. This model is a key factor contributing to the solution of the problem of high-quality training of a prospective teacher majoring in Biology who will be able to organize students research activities and develop their creative activity. The experience of the development and testing of various joint scientific, social and creative projects is shown. The data of the experiment are presented, which speak about the success of the events held as part of the implementation of the project technology.
Combination of information coding methods as a condition of effective physical concepts development in primary school
Authors: Samoilov Evgeny Andreevich
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses a way to resolve the contradiction between high requirements of the modern Federal state educational standard (FSES) to the level of training and intellectual development of primary school graduates and the lack of effective didactic means and teaching methods that ensure assimilation of students abstract elements of the curriculum, which were previously studied only in high school. The researches by Russian psychologists (V.N. Druzhinin, M.A. Holodnaya, etc.) show that an essential element of the individual intellect are mental conceptual structures, and their optimal development is provided by a collection of specially prepared learning tasks, involving the use of three modalities of experience (sensual-effective, figurative, symbolic). On the example of teaching methods design of electromagnetic induction in primary school, the author shows the sequence and specifics of the teachers actions, which allow to build a complex of didactic means for the full enrichment of the mental experience of students and organize their educational activities in accordance with the needs of school physical education, taking into account psychological laws of individual intelligence development together with modern private didactic approaches to the management of intellectual development of students. The proposed method of training and a set of training tasks that meet the requirements of the target orientation, target sufficiency, increasing the level of difficulty, motivational orientation, were approved in Samara Aviation Lyceum № 135 and showed high efficiency in terms of intellectual development and training of primary school students.
Labor education and professional orientation in biological and ecological education of pupils
Authors: Semenov Aleksandr Alekseevich
Published: December 2020

The attitude of a person to work, the activity of his work, creative approach to it depends on the right choice of profession, in general, and specialty in particular. In this regard, the correct training of pupils for future employment is of paramount importance in the education of schoolchildren. One of the foundations of labor education is vocational guidance of pupils. It is considered as a condition of all-round and harmonious development of the personality; the unity of teaching Biology and Ecology with the main directions of spiritual and moral development, education and socialization of pupils. Professional orientation involves purposeful activities to form pupils internal needs and readiness for conscious choice of profession and consists of several components: professional education; professional upbringing; professional advice; professional adaptation. Professional education equips pupils with knowledge about professions in the field of Biology and Ecology, conditions of their choice, educates them a positive attitude to work, forms professional preferences. Professional upbringing is the education of pupils professionally important qualities of personality: communication skills, professional duty and honor, responsibility, professional ethics and others. The teacher introduces pupils to the professions related to Biology and Ecology; studies and develops the interests, aptitudes and abilities of each pupil; includes career guidance topics in the design of the classroom; provides regular demonstration of videos reflecting the application of the achievements of biological science in production. Professional advice is designed to provide pupils with necessary assistance in professional self-determination. It involves informing pupils about biological and environmental professions. Professional adaptation is associated with the acquisition of necessary knowledge and practical skills for pupils future profession. There is a direct correlation between the level of subject knowledge and skills and the speed of adaptation of a person to professional training and work. Thus, labor education and professional orientation of pupils in the process of teaching Biology and Ecology is a holistic system consisting of interrelated and complementary components, united by a common goal and unity of management.
Development of foreign language strategic competence of non-linguistic students
Authors: Tatarina Tatiana Mikhailovna
Published: December 2020

A graduate of a modern Russian university must have a wide range of competencies within the chosen major as well as a large set of universal or key competencies. One of the universal competencies in each field of Bachelors degree courses is a foreign language communicative competence. In this paper the author considers the features of non-linguistic students oral communication, as well as the views of specialists on the difficulties impeding communication. The data of psychological and pedagogical research (Cattell questionnaire, language testing, and teachers observations) of freshmen at the Faculty of Economics are given in order to find out whether there is a relationship between the students personal structure, level of knowledge of the language and the desire to start oral communication in English. On the basis of the obtained data, the views of specialists are summarized and recommendations on the regulation of students emotional state in the process of communication are formulated. Based on the results of the research and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, techniques are defined that can be used by the teacher in order to minimize the fear of mistakes, and bring the state of the students to the optimum working (learning) state. The author emphasizes the importance of applying the techniques of reflection and self-regulation to change the emotional state of students in the English classroom.
Integrative links in musical-theoretical and musical-historical cycles teaching
Authors: Fedotova Tatiana Yurievna , Nemirovskaya Iya Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with actual questions of modernization of musical pedagogical middle level teaching. Specific thinking features of contemporary students are marked, and problems of innovative development of information society are described. Difficulties of secondary professional musical education are shown. System thinking and scientific knowledge integration are pointed out as a basis of new ideological settings formation. Scientific researches in musical pedagogy about integrative links are analyzed. A use of integrative links in teaching musical-theoretical and musical-historical areas is marked as a necessary factor of solid and systematic music language image development. A language of music, as a complex of musical means of expression is named as an integrity factor. A system analysis of every element of music language aimed to discover their inner correlation and semantic role is named as a necessary clause, allowing to form a solid image of musical language and musical art in general. The authors justify a necessity of optimization and intensification of musical-theoretical schooling on the basis of integrative links inside the subjects of musical-theoretical and musical-historical cycles.
The steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis Hodgson, 1833) and the Eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809) study on the territory of Central Siberia in the XX-XXI centuries
Authors: Baranov Aleksander Alekseyevich , Erinkova Anastasia Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the study of the steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensisHodgson, 1833) and the Eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliacaSavigny, 1809). The authors consider the research periods of these bird species: the beginning of the XX century to the 60th, 6080th, 8090th, and 90thof the XXI century and 2000. The authors use the materials of the researches and expeditions made in the XXXXI centuries on the territory of Central Siberia. They also analyze the borders change of the steppe eagle and the Eastern imperial eagle habitat. The authors carried out a detailed analysis of these types study they created an interactive map of the steppe eagle and the Eastern imperial eagle places of nesting and revealed an approximate border of their habitat. The study was carried out in four hollows: Uvs Lake Basin; Uregnursk Hollow; Tuva Depression; Minusinsk Hollow, located in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Tuva and Khakassia, the part of the territory of Southern and Central Altai. These eagles habitat border changes are a consequence of deep changes in activity of these types that undoubtedly will lead to a deeper study of this subject.
Analysis of the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the soil cover of Samara and Syzran
Authors: Bugrov Sergey Vyacheslavovich , Makarova Yulia Vladimirovna , Prokhorova Nataliya Vladimirovna , Platonov Igor Artemyevich , Goryunov Maksim Glebovich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of a statistical analysis of the data on the accumulation and distribution of a number of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) in the soils of the cities of Samara and Syzran in the Samara Region, carried out using the Spearmans rank correlation coefficient, the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The authors show that the soils of Samara are more susceptible to the accumulation of Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd than the soils of Syzran. Higher gross concentrations of metals are observed in the functional zones of the cities characterized by increased technogenic load near industrial enterprises and along railways. The fixation of metals in the upper humus horizon is facilitated by the organic matter of the soil. The exception is Pb, whose total concentration does not depend on the type of functional zone and the content of organic carbon. The Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance made it possible to establish the presence of a statistically significant relationship between the mechanical composition of the soil and the gross concentrations of Cr and Ni, the content of which increases in soils of heavier texture. According to the principal component analysis, natural and technogenic sources of metals have a decisive influence on the content and distribution of heavy metals in the soil cover of the cities; soil characteristics (mechanical composition, actual acidity of the soil solution, organic carbon content) and the intensity of exposure to sources of heavy metals play a less significant role.
Ecological features of some species of the Lily of the valley family (Convallariaceae) in the Kirov Region
Authors: Suleimanova Venera Nuritdinovna , Egoshina Tatyana Leonidovna
Published: December 2020

In connection with the anthropogenic load on the natural habitats of many medicinal plant species, it is relevant to assess the ecological conditions of growth in order to study the relationships between species and plant communities. The paper presents the analysis of ecological features of some species of the Lily of the valley family (Convallariaceae) in the Kirov Region. To identify the ecological-phytocoenotic association of the studied species in forest communities of the Kirov Region, 45 coenotic populations (CP) ofConvallaria majalis, 10 CP ofPolygonatum odoratumand 20 CP ofMajanthemum bifoliumwere studied. When analyzing the ecological conditions of the species habitats, H.Ellenberg ecological scales were used. Geobotanical descriptions of plant communities were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It has been established that the amplitudes of the ecological spaces of the studied species in the Kirov Region practically do not fit into most ranges of ecological niches calculated on the basis of H.Ellenberg scales. The species have a wide range of adaptability to the studied environmental factors. All studied species are distributed on medium-moist soils (5thlevel of H.Ellenberg scale). The authors have shown that the studied species are similar in environmental factors such as moisture and soil richness with nitrogen.Convallaria majalisandPolygonatum odoratum photophilous species,Majanthemum bifolium shade-tolerant species are distinguished with respect to illumination. In the grass-shrub layer of the studied habitats of the species, 7 rare, small, narrowly araic species are listed in the Red Book of the Kirov Region(Pulsatilia flavescens(Zuccar.) Juz.,Potentilla humifusaWilld. ex Schlecht.,Centaurea sumensisKalen.,Koeleria glauca(Spreng.) DC.,Eryngium planumL.,Geranium sanguineumL.,Carex bohemicaSchreb.). And 4 species that need constant monitoring and observation in the region (Annex 2) Campanula perscifoliaL.,Pulsatilia patens(L.) Mill.,Platanthera bifolia(L.) Rich.,Iris sibiricaL.).
Techno-morphological features of items made of antler from the site near the village of Michnievičy (north-western Belarus)
Authors: Malyutina Anna Andreevna , Vashanov Aleksandr Nikolaevich , Tkacheva Mariya Ivanovna , Tkach Evgenia Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

Thepaperpresents the results of a techno-morphological analysis of itemsmade of antlerobtained as a result of the collectionsfrom the1960s1990s from thesitenear the village of MichnievičySmorgon District of the Grodno Region (north-western Belarus).Currently, more than 100 artifacts are known fromthissite, as well as a large number of fauna residues with no visible traces of processing. Radiocarbon dating was obtained for some categories of products, which link them to 92 thousand BC. The largest part of the collection refers to the period of the MesolithicNeolithic. At the first stage of work, the most expressive and numerous group of artifacts made of horn (24 exemplars), stored in the fonds of the Institute of History of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, was selected for a techno-morphological analysis.The degree of preservation of the external surface of objects is relatively good, which made it possible to analyze macro-tracesrelated to the technology of manufacturing various categories of products, on the basis of whicha process flowwas proposed from the selection of raw materials to the finished product.The analysis of the technological traces recorded on the products allowed us to highlight the differences in the manufacturing processes of the oldesttools. In addition, on the basis of the macro signs of utilitarian wear, preliminary observations on the functionalusingof objects were obtained. According totechnological and morphological features, thewhole of theanalyzed material was divided into conditional categories of instruments with a selected heel and without it. The presence or absence of this element, apparently, influenced the method of using objects in various household situations.
The eneolithique settlement and burial site Vasilyevskiy Kordon 27: evidence of hunting and fishing (excavations 2016-2018, preliminary publication)
Authors: Smolyaninov Roman Viktorovich , Yurkina Elizaveta Sergeevna , Yanish Yevgeniia Yurievna , Zheludkov Andrey Sergeevich , Shemeniov Sergey Viktorovich , Soloviev Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The settlement and grave fieldVasilyevskiy Kordon 27was discovered by A.A.Klukoit in 2008 and it was investigated from 2016 to 2018. In the excavation within the area of 195 sq. m. six ancient buildings and four burials were identified. A large number of Eneolithique ceramics of theSrednestogovskayaandVolosovskayaculture as well as Ksizovski type vessels were discovered.A huge number of finds testify to the hunting and fishing on the monument.The accompanying flint inventory is represented by tools related to both economic activity and hunting weapons, with the latter predominating. In the outbuildings, burials and cultural layer 68 stone arrowheads and darts were found. 2245 residues of animal origin were also revealed.There are 1386 mammalian bones, 595 birds, 61 reptile bones and 138 fragments of mollusk shells among them. It is interesting to note that there were ceramic fishing weights carved from the broken vessels. On the monument animal husbandry was noted for the Upper Don for the first time, while poultry farming was absent. Bones of wild species of mammals, birds, fish and turtles confirm the importance of hunting and fishing as the main (but not the only) source of food in the settlement. At the same time, only four hunting tools were made of bone: two edges and two fragments of harpoons. The archaeological collection of the settlement Vasilyevskiy Kordon 27 refers mainly to the late Eneolithic period and datesthe 32 quarter of the IV Millennium BC.
Cultural background and chronology of the multisegment populated settlement Salekhard-4 located in the Lower Ob River region
Authors: Tupakhina Olga Sergeevna , Tupakhin Daniel Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

In this paper the authors study the issues of the cultural and chronological attribution of the Salekhard-4 settlement, the historic site, which was studied during the field works in 2017 for the first time. The site is located within the Salekhard city territory. Considering the vast historical and landscape context it should be noted that the territory of the Lower Ob River region (within the area of the modern Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) includes several natural ranges: Northern taiga, forest tundra and tundra, and geographically spreads up to the Arctic coast. Moreover, it should be outlined that the historical retrospective displays multiple shifts of borders of the abovesaid nature and climatic ranges both, south and the northward, and such shifts affected migration of the ancient population considerably, which is clearly reflected on the archaeological remains. For instance the lower cultural layers of the Salekhard-4 settlement should be referred to the Chalcolithic Period (end of the 4th beginning of the 3rdthousand years AD); this can be confirmed by the found ceramics referred to the Gorny Samotnel settlement. The cultural layers discovered above and containing the settlement and the burial complexes can be attributed to the Heyakh culture of the Late Bronze age (approx. 13thcentury AD). One of the tombs partially containing relics and remains is the subject of special interest as it contains the unviolated funeral accessories. The unique nature of this finding is that for today it is the only Late Bronze age burial located in the region under study. Undamaged condition of the antropological material made it possible to establish the sex and the race of the buried, as well as to determine the approximate age at death. The upper cultural layers of the site under study can be referred to the culture of the Lower Ob River region of the early Middle Ages (1st4thcenturies DC), they contain residuals of a wooden flooring, a fire-forge, and some amount of ceramics.
Sengir-tam 2: new research on the site in Eastern Aral Sea region
Authors: Kurmankulov Zholdasbek , Utubayev Zhanbolat Raimkulovich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the excavations results from the new site of the early Iron Age Sengir-tam 2, located in the lower stream of the Syr Darya River in Kyzylorda Region. The site is a grave consisting of 23 ground mounds. There are west and east groups located in chain order and oriented along the west-east line. To date, six mounds have been explored on the site. It has been revealed that the grave was robbed in ancient times. Archaeological works on the high ground of Sengir-tam 2 showed that burials were carried out here for a long time. The excavations revealed pieces of horse tack, iron knives, beads and helmet plaque, ceramics. The burial rite and equipment recorded on the site have direct similarities with other burial complexes of Eastern Aral Sea, particularly among the materials of the graves of South Tagisken and Uigarak dated by VIIV centuries BC. It should be noted that Sengir-tam 2 is still the third site discovered in the interfluve of Incardarya and Zhanadarya. According to the materials received, the population of Eastern Aral Sea region had links with the other cultures of the Saka time from Altay in the east to the Black Sea in the west.
Samara public figure and deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire V.A. Plemyannikov
Authors: Eliseev Andrey Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes published and archival documents, periodical materials, and memoirs of contemporaries; it is devoted to the socio-political activities of the member of the Samara Zemstvo Council, one of the organizers of the Samara Provincial and Buzuluk Uyezd Committees of the Constitutional Democratic Party, deputy of the first State Duma of the Russian Empire, Vasily Andreevich Plemyannikov. The author examines the work of V.A.Plemyannikov in the Zemstvo institutions of the Samara province and All-Russian Zemstvo Congresses, where he studied the situation in the region, gained rich experience in social activities, and formed his political views. The paper also contains an overview of Plemyannikovs relations with Central authorities and regional public organizations. The author argues that the years of the first Russian revolution became the peak of Plemyannikovs social and political activity. The paper is focused on the active participation of V.A.Plemyannikov in the State Duma election campaign and the organization of the local branch of the Constitutional Democratic Party in Buzuluk Uyezd. Due to his active propaganda work and political significance in the province, Plemyannikov was elected to the State Duma. In addition to the reconstruction of political activity of V.A.Plemyannikov, the paper introduces previously unknown biographical data.
S.Yu. Witte’s views on the cultural and historical significance of the railway communication in the East of the Russian Empire
Authors: Suvorov Valery Vladimirovich , Sulimin Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the Minister of Finance S.Yu.Wittes views on cultural and historical significance of the railway communication in the Asian part of the Russian Empire. Although Witte primarily attached importance to the economic factor of the railroad, designed to connect the western and the eastern parts of Russia, he nevertheless often noted the military-strategic and cultural-historical significance of the Siberian railroad and the China Eastern Railway. Attaching particular importance to the railway communication in ensuring both economic and cultural contacts of Europeans, especially the population of Russia, with the Eastern peoples, Witte saw the awakening of the East and the expansion of its ties with the Western world as consequences. According to the Minister of Finance, such connections opened by the railway made it impossible to maintain alienation for the peoples of the Far East. Understanding the scale of the consequences of cultural, economic and political ties that had opened up, Witte noted a special task that was assigned to Russia in bringing Western and Eastern peoples closer together. Russia, providing the opportunity for interaction between the West and the East through the railway built by it, was to use, according to Witte, all the benefits of their convergence, which boiled down to the socio-economic and cultural development of Siberia and the Russian Far East. It is important that Witte also saw geopolitical changes associated with the possible rapprochement between Russia and Japan on the basis of common economic interests as a consequence of the development of the railway communication.