bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vezetési funkciók egy helyi rendvédelmi szerv életében.
Authors: Kovács István
Published: December 2019

Mint, ahogy minden tudományos diszciplínának, úgy a vezetés-, és szervezéselméletnek is vannak fejlődési korszakai. Bármilyen meglepő, a globális világban megjelenő új elméleteknek, rendszereknek, és iskoláknak az alapját is egytől-egyig a klasszikus iskola tanai fektették le. A tanulmány Fayol vezetési funkcióinak elemzésén keresztül egy lokális (helyi) rendvédelmi szerv életébe enged betekintést. A tanulmányban a célmeghatározás funkcióival ismerkedhetünk meg, amelyet olyan megoldási alternatívák, és javaslatok követnek, amelyek a hatékonyság megtartása mellett a szerv működőképességét megkönnyít(het)ik, eredményességét pedig megnövel(het)ik. Kulcsszavak: vezetés-, és szervezéselmélet, vezetési funkciók, klasszikus iskola, rendvédelem, szervezés  As all of the academic disciplines, the theory of the management has evolutionary ages too. It isn’t a surprise, that the basic has been given by the classic school’s lores to the newly born theories, systems, schools in the global world from one to one. The study let insight to the life of a local police station across to the analysis of the Fayol’s management’s functions. In the study we can meet with the organizing function, which are followed such an solution’s alternatives, and proposals, which could make the agency’s operability easier, which could grow the success next to the holding of the efficiency. Keywords: theory of the management, management’s functions, classic school, police, organizing
Seascapes of solidarity
Authors: Van De Peer Stefanie
Published: December 2019

Films about refugees have been embraced by accented cinema. Indeed, exilic filmmakers continue to test the boundaries of cinema, and specifically its strong bonds with nation and land. But not all exiles are refugees. This article offers that for Arab refugees the journeys across the sea define their filmmaking and thus also the refugee film. If we acknowledge the sea as a central theme, motif and stylistic element in (some) refugee cinema, spectators may be able to experience refugee cinema more ethically. Using the concept of “Mediterranean thinking” as a central analytical tool, this article focuses on the visual representations of refugees in films made on and in the Mediterranean Sea, problematising the injustices in the representation of refugees since the so-called “refugee crisis”. With a film-philosophical approach to four films from North Africa and Syria, I emphasise how filmmakers directly or indirectly address the senses of their spectators with a cinema that highlights the instability of knowledge and power through movement and fluidity. An in-depth analysis of the visual qualities of water places fluid space and time at the centre of these refugee films. In Mediterranean refugee filmmaking, water enables an embodied experience that leads to allegiance and sympathy, in order to achieve solidarity. This approach is based on a desire to contribute to a new historiography in the service of a more just world. Transnational journeys shape the representations of refugees travelling, transforming and transcending the Mediterranean. Ultimately, this article examines how the migrant and the sea itself develop with the “refugee crisis”, visualised in a cinema adrift on the Mediterranean Sea.
The vulnerable gaze of the migrant
Authors: Cati Alice
Published: December 2019

In the current media system, we are observing the increasing sedimentation of symbolic forms, discourses and imagery regarding contemporary migrations. With the reuse of videos filmed by migrants, the documentary form represents the best “yielding field” where intercultural modes of representation and visual self-inscriptions can be constantly reinvented. In particular, videos made with nonprofessional devices have drawn viewers’ attention to the capacity of moving images to bear witness to reality “from below” and, in some respects, to reproduce aesthetically the opacity and the contingency of events, even the most tragic ones. This paper examines how such a gaze, when it is embodied by the migrant subject, raises questions about the representation of a first-person experience, an experience which paradoxically constitutes a denial of all identity and subjectivity in a deeper sense. To do this, two interesting experiments recently hosted by the website of the Italian newspaper La Repubblica will be analysed: the web series Com’è profondo il mare and Un unico destino—Tre padri e il naufragio che ha cambiato la nostra storia. These web series not only represent traumatic events, but the images show clashes within the depictions themselves and a collision or negotiation between conflicting points of view.
Displacement, exile and incarceration commuted into cinematic vision
Authors: Tofighian Omid
Published: December 2019

Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time (Behrouz Boochani and Arash Kamali Sarvestani, 2017) is a documentary that exposes the systematic torture of refugees banished by the Australian Government to Manus Prison (in Papua New Guinea and officially called the Manus Regional Processing Centre). Shot clandestinely from a mobile phone camera by Boochani and smuggled out for codirection with Kamali Sarvestani, the film documents an important phase in the history of migration to Australia. This article analyses the film by foregrounding the experience of displacement, exile and incarceration as a unique cinematic standpoint. Boochani’s cinematic vision and socio-political critique will be interpreted in terms of embodied knowing and his existential predicament. The symbiotic relationship between the experience of seeking asylum, exile, imprisonment and the filmmaking process raises critical questions regarding the film as anti-genre, common tropes used to define refugeehood, and the criteria necessary to interpret and evaluate cultural production created from this unique position. The article draws on theories pertaining to accented cinema and incorporates ideas from social epistemology. Furthermore, it considers the author’s dialogue and collaboration with Boochani and Kamali Sarvestani and examines the significance of various contributors to the filmmaking process and cinematic vision.
The last Goldfish
Authors: Goldfish Su , Newman Joanna , Ewington Julie
Published: December 2019

A few years before filmmaker Su Goldfish’s father, Manfred Goldfish, died she interviewed him on camera. He was reluctant to talk about the uncomfortable truths of his past, his previous marriage, his two other children and the persecution and murder of his family in Germany. “You can watch all that in a documentary”, he used to say to her. The Last Goldfish (Su Goldfish, 2017) became that documentary. This article contains three responses to the film. The first section, “Losing Harry”, written by Su Goldfish, focuses on the impact Manfred’s experiences had on his son Harry, connecting that experience to the despair of children currently held in the Australian Regional Processing Centre on Nauru. The second part, “Internment”, is written by historian Dr Joanna Newman whose research on refugees in the British West Indies grounds Manfred’s reluctant memories of rescue and internment in Trinidad in historical fact. The third section of this composite reflection, “Citizen of the World”, is a response from curator and scholar Julie Ewington who reflects on the film’s unravelling of hidden traumas and the unspoken histories in families.
Carceral-border cinema
Authors: Tofighian Omid
Published: December 2019

The articles in this dossier critically discuss the film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time (Behrouz Boochani and Arash Kamali Sarvestani, 2017) and reflect on its creation and response. The film is unique in many ways. It was shot clandestinely on a smartphone; shots were smuggled out of the Manus Island immigration detention centre (which has now been dismantled, but was located on the Lombrum Naval Base and officially called Manus Regional Processing Centre) to Lorengau, the main town on the island, then to Australia, and then sent to the codirector in the Netherlands. One of the filmmakers, Behrouz Boochani, was imprisoned at the time of filming and production, an imprisonment which continues at the time of writing; and the two codirectors have never met—the whole film project was conducted over WhatsApp voice messaging and never with conversations in real time due to poor reception in the prison.
Chauka calls
Authors: Tofighian Omid
Published: December 2019

This photo essay represents many of the major themes, feelings, people and critiques central to Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time (Behrouz Boochani and Arash Kamali Sarvestani, 2017). The images and commentary explore the role of Manusian people, culture and knowledge; the systematic torture designed for the imprisoned refugees; the colonial logic underlying Australia’s border politics; the positionalities and perspectives of the codirectors; and the collaborative nature of the film’s production and distribution.
Mera Islah Uygulamasının Değişim Seyrinin Belirlenmesi: Bartın İli Serdar Köyü Örneği
Authors: PALTA Şahin , GENÇ LERMİ Ayşe
Published: December 2019

Bu
çalışma, Bartın ili merkeze bağlı Serdar köyünde Bartın İl Gıda Tarım ve
Hayvancılık Müdürlüğü’nün Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü işbirliği ile
2008-2012 yılları arasında Mera Islah ve Amenajmanı projesi kapsamında ıslah
edilen alanda 2019 yılında yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ıslah edilen mera
alanının zaman içinde değişim seyrini takip etmektir. Bu amaçla çalışmada, mera
alanının 2008, 2016 ve 2019 yıllarındaki botanik kompozisyonları
karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca 2008 ve 2019 yılları arasındaki bitki tür
çeşitliliği Seronson’un benzerlik indeksi kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır.
Mera alanının mevcut durumu ve sağlığı belirlenmiştir. Mera alanında 2019
yılında yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre; botanik kompozisyonun %22.19’unu
baklagiller, %50.72’sini buğdaygiller ve %27.09’unu diğer familyalara ait
bitkiler oluşturmaktadır. Vejetasyon örtüsü %100 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Mera
alanının 2019 yılında mera durumu “orta” (4.29) ve mera sağlığı “sağlıklı” olarak
belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre zamana bağlı olarak mera alanının
genel seyrinde değişikler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mera alanının 2016 yılında %87.2
olan vejetasyon örtüsü değerinin artış göstererek 2019 yılında %100’e çıktığı
belirlenmiştir. 2008 yılında sürülerek suni mera tesisi kurulan alanın botanik
kompozisyonunda yıllar içerisinde önemli değişimler gerçekleşmiştir. Islah
projesi tamamlandıktan 4 yıl ve 7 yıl sonrası kıyaslandığında; baklagillerin
oranının azaldığı, buğdaygillerin ve diğer familyaların oranının artış
gösterdiği görülmektedir. Her ne kadar buğdaygillerin oranı artmış gibi görünse
de bu artış meranın durumunun iyiye doğru gittiğini göstermemektedir. Nitekim
buğdaygillerdeki yüksek oranın %16.14’ünü yem değeri oldukça düşük olan ve
istilacı grupta yer alan Bromus sterilis oluşturmaktadır.
Ayrıca zehirli bitkiler grubunda yer alan Ranunculus
constantinopolitanus’un oranı %14.41 olarak oldukça yüksek bulunmuştur. Bu
değerler meranın sağlıklı olmasına rağmen mera durumunun neden “orta” olarak
belirlendiğini açıklamaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Yoğun emek, iş gücü ve masraflar
ile ıslah edilen Serdar köyü mera alanının “orta” olan mera durumunun “iyi”
olabilmesi ve mera alanının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için; 1) Mera
alanında yabancı ot mücadelesi yapılmalıdır, 2)Kritik otlatma mevsimlerine
dikkat etmeye devam edilmelidir, 3)Meraya uniform otlatmayı sağlayacak şekilde suluk,
tuzluk, kaşınma kazığı ve gölgelikler yerleştirilmedir.
Sütten Kesimin Keçilerin Süt Verimi ve Süt Kompozisyonu ile Oğlakların Büyüme Hızına Etkisi
Authors: TÖLÜ Cemil , HARDAL Kamilcan , SAVAŞ Türker
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada, sütten kesimin
süt keçilerinde süt miktarı, süt bileşenleri ve oğlakların büyüme hızına
etkileri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma Türk Saanen genotipi 8 baş keçi
ve tekiz oğlakları üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada süt kontrolleri sütten
kesim öncesi dönemde elle ve tart-emzir-tart yoluyla yapılırken, sütten kesim
sonrası elle sağım yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Süt ölçümleri 22
gün boyunca 07:00-08:00 ve 17:00-18:00 saatleri arasında yapılmıştır. Oğlaklar
60. günde sütten kesilirken, sütten kesim öncesi ve sonrası 11’er gün canlı
ağırlık takipleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, oğlakların canlı ağırlıklarının
sütten kesim dönemleri ve cinsiyetlere göre önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterdiği
belirlenmiştir (P≤0,05). Erkek oğlaklarda canlı ağırlıklarında herhangi bir
olumsuzluk görülmezken, dişi oğlakların sütten kesimden sonra canlı
ağırlıklarının düştüğü ve 6. günde dengelendiği görülmüştür. Sütten kesim
öncesi ve sütten kesim sonrası dönemlere göre süt miktarı (kg), yağsız kuru
madde oranı, protein oranı ve laktoz oranının sütten kesimden sonra önemli
ölçüde düştüğü belirlenmiştir (P≤0,05). Sabah sağımlarında süt miktarının akşam
sağımlarından %60 daha yüksek olduğu gözlenmiştir (P≤0,05). Sabah sağılan
sütlerde süt bileşenleri düşük olmakla birlikte sadece süt yağ oranındaki fark önemli
bulunmuştur (P≤0,05). Sonuç olarak, Türk Saanen keçilerinde sütten kesimin
etkilerinin özellikle dişi oğlaklar ve anneler açısından daha fazla sayıda
hayvan ve laktasyonun daha fazla süreci ile ele alınmasına ihtiyaç olduğu
düşünülmektedir.
Türkiye’de Aphis craccivora Koch ve Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’nin Yeni Konukçu Bitki Kaydı: Capsella rubella Reut. (Brassicaceae)
Authors: KÖK Şahin , KASAP İsmail , KARABACAK Ersin
Published: December 2019

Afitler (Hemiptera:
Aphididae) dünyada tarım ve tarımdışı alanlardaki bitkilerin ekonomik olarak en
önemli herbivor zararlılarından birisidir. Afitler onların gıda kaynakları ve
hayat döngüleri üzerinde hayati bir rol oynayan konukçu bitkiler ile yakın bir
ilişki içerisindedir. Bu sebeple, Türkiye’nin tüm bölgelerinde farklı
habitatlardaki afitler ve konukçu bitkilerinin kapsamlı bir şekilde
belirlenmesi aralarındaki ilişkilerin net olarak anlaşılabilmesi açısından
önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile Capsella
rubella Reut. (Brassicaceae) bitkisi Türkiye’de ilk kez Çanakkale ilinden Aphis craccivora Koch and Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) afit
türlerinin yeni konukçu bitkisi olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yukarıda
bahsedilen afitlerin şimdiye kadar Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerinde rapor edilen
konukçu bitki türleri de verilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar hem Çanakkale ilinin hem de
ülkemizin afitler ve konukçu bitkileri çeşitliliği bakımından önemli bir
potansiyeli olduğunu göstermektedir.
The rapidly changing landscape in mature T‐cell lymphoma (MTCL) biology and management
Authors: Marchi Enrica , O’Connor Owen A.
Published: December 2019

Historical advances in the care of patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have been restricted largely to patients with B‐cell lymphoma. The peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs), which are rare and heterogeneous in nature, have yet to experience the same degree of improvement in outcome over the past 20 to 30 years. It is estimated that there are approximately 80,000 and 14,000 cases, respectively, of NHL and Hodgkin lymphoma per year in the United States. As a subgroup of NHL, the PTCLs account for 6% to 10% of all cases of NHL, making them exceedingly rare. In addition, the World Health Organization 2017 classification describes 29 distinct subtypes of PTCL. This intrinsic diversity, coupled with its rarity, has stymied progress in the disease. In addition, most subtypes carry an inferior prognosis compared with their B‐cell counterparts, an outcome largely attributed to the fact that most treatment paradigms for patients with PTCL have been derived from B‐cell neoplasms, a radically different disease. In fact, the first drug ever approved for patients with PTCL was approved only a decade ago. The plethora of recent drug approvals in PTCL, coupled with a deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease, has stimulated the field to pursue new avenues of research that are now largely predicated on the development of novel, targeted small molecules, which include a host of epigenetic modifiers and biologics. There is an expectation these advances may begin to favorably challenge the chemotherapy paradigms that have been used in the T‐cell malignancies.
Estimating synchronous changes in condition and density in eastern Bering Sea fishes
Authors: Grüss A , Gao J , Thorson JT , Rooper CN , Thompson G , Boldt JL , Lauth R
Published: December 2019

Estimating fish condition, the relative weight of an individual fish given its body length, is a convenient way to relate the physiological health and energetic status of fishes to their productivity. Despite evidence of density-dependence effects on condition in some species, previous research has not jointly estimated synchronous changes in condition and density operating at fine spatial scales (a few km). Therefore, we developed a spatio-temporal modeling approach that simultaneously estimates correlated variation in density (measured as numbers per area) and condition. We applied our approach to 6 eastern Bering Sea (EBS) groundfish species (4 flatfishes and 2 gadoids) for the period 1992-2016, and estimated correlations in spatial variation (unmeasured variation that is stable over time) and spatio-temporal variation (unmeasured variation that changes between years). Spatial variation in density had a strong significant negative association with spatial variation in condition for 3 flatfishes and a positive association for one gadoid. Spatio-temporal variation in density had a significant association with spatio-temporal variation in condition for one flatfish (negative) and one gadoid (positive). Moreover, for the 6 study species, bottom temperature was identified as an important predictor of both density and condition. The increasing trend in bottom temperatures between 1992 and 2016 was accompanied by an overall increase in the abundance-weighted condition of 5 species. We conclude that forecasts of changes in weight-at-age within some EBS groundfish assessments will require an understanding of both density-dependence and bottom temperature effects on fish condition to better prepare for future climate and exploitation changes.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Content of Tellina (Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) in Black Sea Region (Kefken)
Authors: TAN Evren , KIZILKAYA Bayram
Published: December 2019

In this study, monthly change of the heavy metal composition of tellina (Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) from Kefken territory on the Black Sea coast between 2013 and 2014 was investigated. Heavy metal analysis was determined by ICP-OES. Mercury (Hg) and tin (Sn) were not detected during the period of 12 months. Lead (Pb) was detected in November, December, January, February, and March and it was calculated as 12.97 μg/g on average. The highest amount of lead was detected in December as 16.08±0.82 μg/g. The amounts of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) were determined between November and April and it was seen that they had average values such as 0.45 μg/g Cd, 0.91 μg/g Co and 4.46 μg/g Ni. Chrome was detected during the 12 months and it was calculated as 4.19 μg/g on average. The highest and the lowest amounts of chrome were detected in January as 16.71±2.11 and August as 0.70±0.05, respectively. In addition, it was seen that during the period this study was held, between 2013 and 2014, there were dramatic temperature changes and the instant temperature changes positively affected the accumulation of heavy metal in the species. Despite the fact that the instant temperature changes positively affect the accumulation of heavy metals in the live metabolism, it is better to handle the subject regarding the effects of global warming on living things. It is possible to say that tellina can be consumed as food in convenient times. In respect of the detections in this study, it can be said that tellina can be conveniently consumed between April and October depending on the territory.
OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE ENDOSCOPE
Authors: Egorenko Marina , Efremov Viktor
Published: December 2019

The principal possibility of the optical scheme calculation for a high-temperature endoscope made of heat-resistant optical crystals is considered. A small number of heat-resistant optical crystals and the difference in their optical and mechanical properties limit the ability to create achromatic pairs in the development of the endoscope.
Forming an effective financial and investment environment in the eu countries-experience for Ukraine
Authors: Yevgeny Ryzhyuk
Published: December 2019

The subject of the research is a set of institutional institutions and organizational and managerial relations that effectively regulate the financial and investment environment in the EU countries, comparing them with Ukrainian realities.The goal of writing this article is to develop practical and scientific-methodicalrecommendations on how to increase the efficiency of using financial and investment potential based on the experience of EU countries. The methodology of thework-system-structural and comparative studies (to understand the logic of thefunctioning of institutions that form the investment environment and the mechanisms of their interaction); monographic analysis (in studying the problems ofattracting investors); historical and economic analysis (in assessing the state andprospects of the European, as well as the Ukrainian economy). Results of work -it is revealed that modern European regulators are aimed at forming a holisticinvestment and financial infrastructure and investment platform at the supranational level. It was proposed to carry out further liberalization of currency regulation in Ukraine in order to transform it into a convenient and efficient electronicautomated currency exchange system and introduce the integration of the domestic depository system into the international depositary clearing system Clearstream.It was noted that the financial and investment environment in Ukraine is blockedand domestic monopolies are interested in this, thanks to lobbying in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in the executive branch they have distorted financial,investment and currency legislation for their interests and needs. Conclusions-thepresence of a holistic investment and financial infrastructure in the EU countriesis due to the gradual convergence and unification of legislation at the nationallevel to the supranational level. In addition, it is reasonably high investment positions of Ireland in the world and it was proposed to use this experience to createa favorable financial and investment environment in Ukraine. Note that the formation of the financial and investment environment in Ukraine according to European standards is hampered by: oligarchic monopolies, which parasitizes mainly onnatural monopolies; government corruption; confusing and incomprehensible legislation for investors; high tax rates and tax administration system; instability ofthe banking system, the risks of hryvnia devaluation; the insecurity of landagrarian relations; as well as armed conflict in the east of Ukraine.
Functioning of the organic aquaculture products market inUkraine and the world in the context of innovative economy
Authors: Makhyborodа Kateryna
Published: December 2019

Subject of research - The current stage of social development requires thedevelopment and implementation of a new model of the Ukrainian economy, whichinvolves combining the interests of consumers and producers of products, preservingthe environment, improving the health of the population and improving theenvironmental situation. The production and distribution of organic produce shouldfind its place in this new model. The international community has accumulatedconsiderable experience in addressing these issues, so its study and constructive usecan help shape a new national economy. The purpose of the article. Development ofscientific, methodological and practical proposals in order to ensure the functioningof the market of organic aquaculture products in Ukraine and worldwide and toregulate the aquaculture sector in a competitive environment and innovativedevelopment of aquaculture. The methodology of the work. The theoretical andmethodological basis of the research is the system of both general scientific andspecial methods of scientific cognition, fundamental provisions of modern economictheory and practice. Methods such as monograph-in formulating approaches, whichestablishes an agreed set of rules for regulating the collection of information on thestate of the environment, technical and socio-economic parameters of the organicaquaculture sectors, and economic and statistical-in determining and calculatingthe main indicators of organic aquaculture production in an innovative economy. Theresults of the work-methodological approaches to the development and functioningof the organic market of agriculture and aquaculture have been proposed andconceptual bases have been substantiated in the context of improving the instrumentsof state regulation of the organic market in Ukraine. Conclusions. Conceptualapproaches to the formation of organic agriculture and aquaculture supply in themarket are to recreate “production activity” in natural agro-ecological systems, basedon ecological processes, biodiversity and, adapted to the conditions of innovativeeconomy, to combine traditions, innovations and achievements science to achieve theplanned level of economic indicators, improve social indicators and maximumconsideration of the interests of all groups: producers, consumers, the state.
Marketing of organic eggs in Ukraine
Authors: Kryvenok Мykola , Rudenko Мarina
Published: December 2019

The subject of research is a set of organizational and economic measuresundertaken by the enterprises for the production of organic food eggs for theeffective promotion of their products on the market of Ukraine and beyond. Thepurpose of this article is to analyze and determine the peculiarities of the marketingcomplex of enterprises producing food eggs and a separate segment of this market -organic eggs. Methodology of work - methods of theoretical generalization andcomparison, economic analysis, structural-logical method and method of graphicalinterpretation. The results of the work - a system of methods and tools forincreasing the efficiency of utilization and development of the potential of theenterprises for the production of organic eggs for qualitative promotion of theirproducts on the market. Conclusions-analysis of the efficiency of utilization ofthe potential of organic food egg production enterprises will allow to identify theirunused reserves, as well as to offer methods, tools and directions for solving thestrategic development problems of these enterprises in promoting their own productson the market.
SWOT Analysis in US-China Trade War
Authors: Yan Pidvysotskyi
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the article is to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the US and China, and to identify the factors that will helpwin or lose a particular party to the conflict in the future. The methodologyof thestudy is to use a set of methods: dialectical, statistical, historical, comparative.The scientific novelty of the work is to determine, on the basis of SWOT, thewinning factors in the fight for the world markets. Conclusions. Both the US andChina have strengths in international trade that allow them to develop withoutharming each other. At the same time, there are weak links that opponents try touse in trade events, such as dependence on certain products or internal trade barriers. Weakening economic capacity is considered a threat, and each country triesto protect itself through customs or tariff restrictions. Prolonged confrontationbetween countries can lead to another recession or crisis, therefore countries mustseek compromise.
Scientific methodological approaches to the developmentof strategy of sustainable development of territorial communities
Authors: Martynyuk Olexander , Studennikova Inna , Hromozdov Volodymyr , Maliarevsky Victor
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the article is to propose methodological assistance to the selfgovernment system in developing strategies for sustainable development of territorialcommunities. Methodology. The research used the works of foreign and domesticspecialists involved in the development of sustainable development strategies.Authors applied methods of scientific comparative analysis, general scientificmethods of theoretical, empirical research and a method of expert evaluation. Scientificnovelty includes clear well-structured approach to identification of what is neededto develop a strategy of territorial communities’ development, important tasks fora working group, SWOT analysis methods, what should be analysed to achievestrategic goals and consistency of organizational details. Conclusions. Complianceto the proposed scientific methodological approaches to the development of thestrategies of territorial communities’ sustainable development enables the communityto obtain a strategic algorithm for its sustainable development.
The Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Irish Potato Producers in Santa Subdivision, Cameroon
Authors: Mengui Khan Claudette , Oh Saera , Lee Sang Hyeon
Published: December 2019

Irish potato is one of the major staple food and cash crops in Cameroon. Several studies have been conducted on the agronomic aspect of the crop, but very little is known on the technical efficiency of potato producers in the country. This study examines the technical efficiency of smallholder Irish potato producers in the Santa subdivision and the determinants of technical efficiency. Data were collected through surveys of Irish potato producers, and analyses were conducted using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Tobit model. The research findings imply that, in order to reduce the level of technical inefficiencies among smallholder Irish potato producers, appropriate training should be provided to farmers in order to improve their agronomic knowledge with respect to potato production. In addition, emphasis should be placed on policies and programs that promote extension services in order to improve the performance of Irish potato producers in the Santa subdivision. Again, more credit institutions, such as microfinance institutions, should be established by the government in order to help farmers access enough credit for potato production.
Growing Conditions Affect the Phytochemical Composition of Edible Wall Rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides)
Authors: Guijarro-Real Carla , Adalid-Martínez Ana M. , Aguirre Katherine , Prohens Jaime , Rodríguez-Burruezo Adrián , Fita Ana
Published: December 2019

Wall rocket (Diplotaxis erucoides) is a wild vegetable with the potential to become a crop of high antioxidant quality. The main bioactive compounds include ascorbic acid (AA), sinigrin, and a high content of total phenolic compounds (TP). It also accumulates nitrates. Since these compounds are affected by environmental conditions, adequate crop management may enhance its quality. Eleven accessions of wall rocket were evaluated under field and greenhouse conditions during two cycles (winter and spring) and compared to Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia crops. The three species did not differ greatly. As an exception, sinigrin was only identified in wall rocket. For the within-species analysis, the results revealed a high effect of the growing system, but this was low among accessions. The highest contents of AA and TP were obtained under field conditions. In addition, the levels of nitrates were lower in this system. A negative correlation between nitrates and antioxidants was determined. As a counterpart, cultivation in the field–winter environment significantly decreased the percentage of humidity (87%). These results are of relevance for the adaptation of wall rocket to different growing conditions and suggest that the field system enhances its quality. The low genotypic differences suggest that intra-species selections in breeding programs may consider other aspects with greater variation.
Considerations for the Retirement of Therapy Animals
Authors: Ng Zenithson Y. , Fine Aubrey H.
Published: December 2019

With the growth of animal-assisted interventions, the number of animals designated to work as therapy animals continues to increase. These animals participate in this work in varying capacities during life, but there will be a point in time when the animal can no longer engage in these activities. The concept of retirement, or withdrawing the animal from its working life, is an important phase of life that every therapy animal will inevitably face. Retirement is typically regarded as a well-deserved reward earned after a lifetime of work, but this termination of an animal’s career has potential positive and negative implications for animal, handler, and human participants in these interventions. The question of precisely when and how to appropriately retire an animal is usually answered at the discretion of the handler; however, the validity of this question remains largely unanswered without scientific evidence. The purpose of this review is to describe the implications of therapy animal retirement for the handler, participant, and animal and to discuss the challenges in determining when to retire a therapy animal.
Neutering Effects on Social Behaviour of Urban Unowned Free-Roaming Domestic Cats
Authors: Cafazzo Simona , Bonanni Roberto , Natoli Eugenia
Published: December 2019

The “trap, spay/neuter, and release” programs to manage unowned free-roaming cat populations are diffused worldwide and they are largely advised even in countries where the suppression of unowned cats is enforced by law. Despite the massive neutering campaigns in the world, there is little information on the influence of neutering on individual cat behaviour, as well as on the social structure of cat colonies. The aim of this study is to verify such effects. Before neutering, the group consisted of 17 free-roaming domestic cats, who were totally unrestrained. After neutering it consisted of 16 individuals. Data on the outcomes of aggressive, submissive, affiliative, and territorial behaviour were collected, using classic ethological methods (“focal animal”, “all occurrences”, and “1/0” sampling methods) (735 h of observation before and 537 h after neutering). The dominance hierarchy did not change after neutering. On the other hand, the frequency of aggressive, territorial behaviour as well as proximity among individuals decreased significantly. Affiliative behaviour has been observed among neutered adult males that never performed it before neutering. The results of this study suggest that, after neutering: (i) The group of free-ranging cats was stable over time; (ii) the hierarchical structure of the cat social group did not change; (iii) the general level of activity, decreased; (iv) urine spraying marking behaviour almost disappeared; (v) the level of social proximity among group members decreased, although it tended to increase in some male–male dyads. The most obvious effect of neutering, detected on individual behaviour, was that cats were less active.
Effect of a Herbal Therapy on Clinical Symptoms of Acute Lower Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Secondary Analysis from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Vahlensieck Winfried , Lorenz Horst , Schumacher-Stimpfl Anne , Fischer Roland , Naber Kurt
Published: December 2019

Background: Antibiotics are commonly used as first-line treatment for acute lower uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs). However, antimicrobial resistance is a growing global problem and efficacious nonantibiotic treatment options are urgently needed. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted with data from a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial comparing a fixed combination of extracts of restharrow root, Java tea, and goldenrod herb (Aqualibra®) to placebo in 200 women with acute lower uUTI. Symptom scores reported in the original trial were reanalyzed and adjusted to the definitions of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS). Results: Based on a subgroup of patients with evaluable microbiologic data (n = 122), the decrease of the mean sum-score of three typical ACSS-adjusted symptoms showed significant superiority of the herbal preparation over placebo already after one day of treatment (p = 0.0086); on Day 7, the average difference was −1.9 score points (p < 0.0001). The superior efficacy of the herbal preparation on Day 1 was mainly driven by a difference in response rates of the symptom ‘dysuria’ (group difference: −29.4%, p = 0.0042). Furthermore, significantly fewer patients in the verum group required antibiotic therapy (15.3% vs. 49.2%, p = 0.0001). These results were confirmed in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (n = 200). Conclusions: A fixed combination of extracts of restharrow root, Java tea, and goldenrod herb was superior to placebo regarding symptom relief and prevention of antibiotic use in women with lower uUTI. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04032574.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Effect of the Temperature-Control Curtain in Thermal Stratified Reservoirs
Authors: Lian Jijian , Li Peiyao , Yao Ye , He Wei , Shao Nan
Published: December 2019

The impoundment and power generation of dams cause the temperature of released water much lower than the original rivers in the thermal stratified reservoirs. In addition, the released low-temperature water would damage the downstream habitats of fish and other biological groups seriously. Available facilities, such as stop log gate intakes and multi-level intakes, are built to alleviate the problem. For overcoming the limitations of traditional facilities on construction conditions and the improved effect of water temperature, a new facility of the temperature control curtain (TCC), with the advantages of convenient regulation and no hydropower loss, has been proposed recently. However, to the author’s knowledge, the theory of TCC is not abundant, with incomplete experimental tests and few numerical simulations. In this paper, a rectangular tank is designed specifically to conduct experimental tests to verify the effects of TCC and explore its potential impacts on released water temperature (RWT) under four major influencing factors. The study results show that TCC has significant effects on improving RWT, with a maximum increase of 8.3 °C. In addition, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with the same size of experimental model is established for further research. The results show that RWT is mainly related to the temperature distribution of a reservoir and the water-retaining proportion of the curtain. Finally, a basic principle for TCC construction is proposed and all these laid an important theory foundation for its application in engineering practice.
Bootstrap Analysis of the Production Processes Capability Assessment
Authors: Stoma Patrycjusz , Stoma Monika , Dudziak Agnieszka , Caban Jacek
Published: December 2019

The high customer requirements for appropriate product quality pose a challenge for manufacturers and suppliers and also cause them many problems related to ensuring a sufficiently high product quality throughout the entire production cycle. For the above reasons, it is so important to assess the capability of monitored processes, and shaping, analyzing and controlling the capability of processes is an important aspect of managing an organization that uses a process approach to management. The use of an appropriate method to analyze the course of production processes is a necessity imposed by quality standards, e.g., ISO 9001: 2015. That is why it is so important to propose a quick and low-cost method of assessing production processes. For this purpose, a method of assessing the capability of the manufacturing process using bootstrap analysis was used. The article presents the analysis of inherent properties of the production process based on the results of measurements of the characteristic features of the process or the characteristics of the manufactured products (process variables) for the shafts with grooves. The main goals of the work are to develop a procedure for determining process capability based on the bootstrap method, including criteria for the classification of production process capability; to develop the criterion values for confidence intervals of production process capability; as well as to demonstrate the practical application of bootstrap analysis in manufacturing. Moreover, comparative analyses of process capabilities using bootstrap and classic methods were carried out. They confirm both the narrowing of the confidence interval when using the bootstrap method and the possibility of determining a better estimator of the lower limit of this range compared to the results obtained using the classic method. The tests carried out for the unit production of shafts with grooves showed that the analysis of the process capability for measuring tests n = 10 is possible. Finally, new criterion values for the assessment of process capability for the bootstrap method were proposed. The model for assessing the capability of production processes presented in the paper was implemented in low-volume production in the defense industry.
Synthesis and Processing of Melt Spun Materials from Esterified Lignin with Lactic Acid
Authors: Goulis Panagiotis , Kartsonakis Ioannis , Konstantopoulos George , Charitidis Costas
Published: December 2019

In this study, the carbon fiber manufacturing process is investigated, using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and esterified lignin either with lactic acid (LA) or with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as precursors. More specifically, lignin was modified using either LA or PLA in order to increase its chemical affinity with HDPE. The modified compounds were continuously melt spun to fibrous materials by blending with HDPE in order to fabricate a carbon fiber precursor. The obtained products were characterized with respect to their morphology, as well as their structure and chemical composition. Moreover, an assessment of both physical and structural transformations after modification of lignin with LA and PLA was performed in order to evaluate the spinning ability of the composite fibers, as well as the thermal processing to carbon fibers. This bottom–up approach seems to be able to provide a viable route considering large scale production in order to transform lignin in value-added product. Tensile tests revealed that the chemical lignin modification allowed an enhancement in its spinning ability due to its compatibility improvement with the commercial low-cost and thermoplastic HDPE polymer. Finally, stabilization and carbonization thermal processing was performed in order to obtain carbon fibers.
A Model for Deriving Trust and Reputation on Blockchain-Based e-Payment System
Authors: Ahn Jaehong , Park Mingyu , Shin Hyungsik , Paek Jeongyeup
Published: December 2019

E-commerce has become a crucial part of our life allowing us to buy products, request services, and transfer money easily with a press of a button. As such, establishing immutable trust and reputation of entities that are resilient to manipulation by the malicious are critical in today’s online systems. In this work, we propose a model for calculating trust and reputation using the values stored on blockchain ledger. The model is applied to blockchain-based online payment systems which have a characteristic of immutability by preventing data manipulation. The model normalizes user evaluations based on each user’s personal evaluation criteria that changes over time. In addition, the model derives reputation of, and trust between, users by applying psychological factors. We evaluate our model using not only simulated transaction data but also on real Bitcoin transaction-based dataset to show that our model is able to derive stable values from immutable transactions on blockchain-based online payment systems. Our model has been built into a live commercial blockchain service platform, and new application developments are underway.
Deep Multiphysics and Particle–Neuron Duality: A Computational Framework Coupling (Discrete) Multiphysics and Deep Learning
Authors: Alexiadis Alessio
Published: December 2019

There are two common ways of coupling first-principles modelling and machine learning. In one case, data are transferred from the machine-learning algorithm to the first-principles model; in the other, from the first-principles model to the machine-learning algorithm. In both cases, the coupling is in series: the two components remain distinct, and data generated by one model are subsequently fed into the other. Several modelling problems, however, require in-parallel coupling, where the first-principle model and the machine-learning algorithm work together at the same time rather than one after the other. This study introduces deep multiphysics; a computational framework that couples first-principles modelling and machine learning in parallel rather than in series. Deep multiphysics works with particle-based first-principles modelling techniques. It is shown that the mathematical algorithms behind several particle methods and artificial neural networks are similar to the point that can be unified under the notion of particle–neuron duality. This study explains in detail the particle–neuron duality and how deep multiphysics works both theoretically and in practice. A case study, the design of a microfluidic device for separating cell populations with different levels of stiffness, is discussed to achieve this aim.
Finite Element Steady-State Vibration Analysis Considering Frequency-Dependent Soil-Pile Interaction
Authors: Song Seung-Han , Lee Sean Seungwon
Published: December 2019

The vibration response of equipment foundation structures is not only affected by the structural stiffness and mass, but also greatly influenced by the degree of a soil-foundation structural interaction. Furthermore, the vibratory performance of equipment foundation structures supported by pile systems largely depends on the soil-pile dynamic stiffness and damping, which are variable in nature within the speed range that machines operate at. This paper reviews a method for evaluating effective soil-pile stiffness and damping that can be computed by Novak’s method or by commercial software (DYNA6, University of Western Ontario). A series of Finite Element (FE) time history and steady-state analyses using SAP2000 have been performed to examine the effects of dynamic soil-pile-foundation interaction on the vibration performance of equipment foundations, such as large compressor foundations and steam/gas turbine foundations. Frequency-dependent stiffness is estimated to be higher than frequency-independent stiffness, in general, and, thus, affects the vibration calculation. This paper provides a full-spectrum steady-state vibration solution, which increases the reliability of the foundation’s structural design.