bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the single-cell transcriptome network in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma receiving operative paclitaxel plus platinum chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Zhencong , Huang Yiwei , Hu Zhengyang , Zhao Mengnan , Bian Yunyi , Chen Zongwei , Zheng Yuansheng , Bi Guoshu , Pang Yanrui , Zhan Cheng , Lin Zongwu , Guo Weigang , Wang Qun , Tan Lijie
Published: October 2021

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 90% of all cases of esophageal cancers worldwide. Although neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT-ESCC) improves the survival of ESCC patients, the five-year survival rate of these patients is dismal. The tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor heterogeneity decrease the efficacy of ESCC therapy. In our study, 113,581 cells obtained from five ESCC patients who underwent surgery alone (SA-ESCC) and five patients who underwent preoperative paclitaxel plus platinum chemotherapy (NACT-ESCC), were used for scRNA-seq analysis to explore molecular and cellular reprogramming patterns. The results showed samples from NACT-ESCC patients exhibited the characteristics of malignant cells and TME unlike samples from SA-ESCC patients. Cancer cells from NACT-ESCC samples were mainly at the ‘intermediate transient stage’. Stromal cell dynamics showed molecular and functional shifts that formed the immune-activation microenvironment. APOE, APOC1, and SPP1 were highly expressed in tumor-associated macrophages resulting in anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes. Levels of CD8+ T cells between SA-ESCC and NACT-ESCC tissues were significantly different. Immune checkpoints analysis revealed that LAG3 is a potential immunotherapeutic target for both NACT-ESCC and SA-ESCC patients. Cell–cell interactions analysis showed the complex cell-cell communication networks in the TME. In summary, our findings elucidate on the molecular and cellular reprogramming of NACT-ESCC and ESCC patients. These findings provide information on the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ESCC patients.
Lifestyle considerations in multiple myeloma
Authors: Shapiro Yael N. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Yee Andrew J. , Branagan Andrew R. , Raje Noopur S. , Donnell Elizabeth K. O’
Published: October 2021

As the prognosis for multiple myeloma (MM) has significantly improved and patients remain on therapy longer, there is a need for supportive care interventions to optimize patient quality of life (QOL) and functional status over the course of cancer treatment. MM is characterized by a significant symptom burden and a relatively lower QOL compared to other cancers. This review evaluates the role of healthy lifestyle behaviors in improving both the physical functioning and psychological well-being of the MM population. We (1) describe the current literature on physical activity, weight management, diet, sleep, and substance use in the context of MM, (2) present important considerations for incorporating lifestyle factors into clinical practice, and (3) identify directions for future research. Developing MM-specific guidelines for modifiable lifestyle changes that take into account both the length of treatment and the unique disease features (i.e. osteolytic lesions and anemia) may provide a promising path for improved patient QOL and functioning.
Type V collagen alpha 1 chain promotes the malignancy of glioblastoma through PPRC1-ESM1 axis activation and extracellular matrix remodeling
Authors: Tsai Hsing-Fang , Chang Yu-Chan , Li Chien-Hsiu , Chan Ming-Hsien , Chen Chi-Long , Tsai Wen-Chiuan , Hsiao Michael
Published: October 2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal cancer. Existing therapies do not have significant efficacy for GBM patients. Previous studies have shown that the collagen family is involved in the regulation of the extracellular environment of cancer cells, and these conditions could become an important factor for effective treatment. Therefore, we screened various collagen types and observed that the type V collagen α1 chain (COL5A1) gene plays a pivotal role in GBM. We further examined whether the overexpression of COL5A1 is common in mesenchymal subtypes and is related to the survival rate of GBM patients through several in silico cohorts. In addition, our cohort also showed a consistent trend in COL5A1 protein levels. Most importantly, we validated the cell mobility, metastatic ability and actin polymerization status caused by COL5A1 with two-way models. Based on these results, we established a transcriptomics dataset based on COL5A1. Moreover, PPRC1, GK and ESM1 were predicted by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to be transcription factors or to participate downstream. We investigated the involvement of COL5A1 in extracellular remodeling and the regulation of actin filaments in the metastasis of GBM. Our results indicate that the COL5A1−PPRC1−ESM1 axis may represent a novel therapeutic target in GBM.
Two novel Warburg micro syndrome 1 cases caused by pathogenic variants in RAB3GAP1
Authors: Alavi Omid , Khamirani Hossein Jafari , Zoghi Sina , Feili Afrooz , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza , Tabei Seyed Mohammad Bagher , Manoochehri Jamal , Panahandeh Seyed Mehdi , Kamali Majid , Dianatpour Mehdi
Published: October 2021

In this study, we detected a novel pathogenic variant and a previously reported variant in RAB3GAP1 by whole-exome sequencing (NM_001172435.2: c.1552C>T, p.Gln518*; c.1471C>T, p.Arg491*). The first patient is a 3-year-old girl who presented with bilateral congenital cataracts, developmental delay, abnormal craniofacial features, drug-resistant constipation, and corpus callosum hypoplasia. The proband of the second family is a 13-year-old boy who suffers from developmental delay, quadriplegia, intellectual disability, abnormal craniofacial features, and corpus callosum hypoplasia.
Distinct behavior of the little finger during the vertical translation of an unsteady thumb platform while grasping
Authors: Banuvathy Rajakumar , Varadhan SKM
Published: October 2021

Object stabilization while grasping is a common topic of research in motor control and robotics. Forces produced by the peripheral fingers (index and little) play a crucial role in sustaining the rotational equilibrium of a handheld object. In this study, we examined the contribution of the peripheral fingers towards object stabilization when the rotational equilibrium is disturbed. For this purpose, the thumb was placed over an unsteady platform and vertically translated. The task was to trace a trapezoid or an inverted trapezoid pattern by moving the thumb platform in the vertical direction. The thumb displacement data served as visual feedback to trace the pattern displayed. Participants were instructed to maintain the handle in static equilibrium at all times. We observed that the change in the normal force of the little finger due to the downward translation of the thumb was significantly greater than the change in the normal force of the index finger due to the upward translation. We speculate that morphological correlations (between thumb and little finger) during the displacement of the thumb might be a reason for such large increases in the little finger forces.
A haploscope based binocular pupillometer system to quantify the dynamics of direct and consensual Pupillary Light Reflex
Authors: Meethal Najiya S. K. , Mazumdar Deepmala , Morshchavka Sergii , Robben Jasper , van der Steen J. , George Ronnie , Pel Johan J. M.
Published: October 2021

This study described the development of a haploscope-based pupillometer for the parametrization of the Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR), and its feasibility in a set of 30 healthy subjects (light or dark-colored irides) and five patients diagnosed with Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD). Our supplementary aim focused on evaluating the influence of iris colour on the PLR to decide whether a difference in PLR parameters should be anticipated when this system is used across ethnicities. All the participants underwent a customized pupillometry protocol and the generated pupil traces, captured by an eye tracker, were analyzed using exponential fits to derive PLR parameters. A Pupil Response Symmetry (PRS) coefficient was calculated to predict the presence of RAPD. The mean (SD) Initial PD during dilation (3.2 (0.5) mm) and the minimum PD during constriction (2.9 (0.4) mm) in the light iris group had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) higher magnitude compared to the dark iris group. The normal limits of the PRS coefficient ranged from − 0.20 to + 1.07 and all RAPD patients were outside the calculated normal limits. This proposed system, analysis strategies, and the tested metrics showed good short-term repeatability and the potential in detecting pupil abnormalities in neuro-ophthalmic diseases.
Pseudogenization of the chloroplast threonine (trnT-GGU) gene in the sunflower family (Asteraceae)
Authors: Abdullah  , Mehmood Furrukh , Heidari Parviz , Rahim Abdur , Ahmed Ibrar , Poczai Peter
Published: October 2021

The chloroplast genome evolves through the course of evolution. Various types of mutational events are found within the chloroplast genome, including insertions-deletions (InDels), substitutions, inversions, gene rearrangement, and pseudogenization of genes. The pseudogenization of the chloroplast threonine (trnT-GGU) gene was previously reported in Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae), Pelargonium × hortorum (Geraniaceae), and Anaphalis sinica and Leontopodium leiolepis of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Asteroideae, Asteraceae). Here, we performed a broad analysis of the trnT-GGU gene among the species of 13 subfamilies of Asteraceae and found this gene as a pseudogene in core Asteraceae (Gymnarrhenoideae, Cichorioideae, Corymbioideae, and Asteroideae), which was linked to an insertion event within the 5′ acceptor stem and is not associated with ecological factors such as habit, habitat, and geographical distribution of the species. The pseudogenization of trnT-GGU was not predicted in codon usage, indicating that the superwobbling phenomenon occurs in core Asteraceae in which a single transfer RNA (trnT-UGU) decodes all four codons of threonine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a complete clade of a plant species using the superwobbling phenomenon for translation.
Microclimate and the vertical stratification of potential bridge vectors of mosquito‑borne viruses captured by nets and ovitraps in a central Amazonian forest bordering Manaus, Brazil
Authors: Hendy Adam , Valério Danielle , Fé Nelson Ferreira , Hernandez-Acosta Eduardo , Mendonça Claudia , Andrade Eloane , Pedrosa Igor , Costa Edson Rodrigues , Júnior José Tenaçol Andes , Assunção Flamarion Prado , Chaves Bárbara Aparecida , Scarpassa Vera Margarete , Gordo Marcelo , Buenemann Michaela , de Lacerda Marcus Vinícius Guimarães , Hanley Kathryn A. , Vasilakis Nikos
Published: October 2021

In the Americas, some mosquito-borne viruses such as Zika, chikungunya, and dengue circulate among humans in urban transmission cycles, while others, including yellow fever and Mayaro, circulate among monkeys in sylvatic cycles. The intersection of humans and wildlife at forest edges creates risk for zoonotic virus exchange. We built a scaffold tower at the edge of a treefall gap in rainforest bordering Manaus, Brazil, to identify vectors that may bridge transmission between humans and monkeys. We vertically sampled diurnally active, anthropophilic mosquitoes using handheld nets at 0, 5, and 9 m and container-breeding mosquitoes in ovitraps at 0, 5, 10, and 15 m. Haemagogus janthinomys and Psorophora amazonica were present in high relative abundance in nets at each height sampled, while anthropophilic species were uncommon in ovitraps. Hg. janthinomys was more abundant at elevated heights than at ground level, while Ps. amazonica abundance was not significantly stratified across heights. The presence of each species increased with increasing 7-day rainfall lagged at 1 week, and at 1 and 4 weeks prior to collection, respectively. In addition, Hg. janthinomys was most frequently collected at 29.9 °C, irrespective of height. These data provide insight into the potential role of each species as bridge vectors.
The largest hoplophonine and a complex new hypothesis of nimravid evolution
Authors: Barrett Paul Zachary
Published: October 2021

Nimravids were the first carnivorans to evolve saberteeth, but previously portrayed as having a narrow evolutionary trajectory of increasing degrees of sabertooth specialization. Here I present a novel hypothesis about the evolution of this group, including a description of Eusmilus adelos, the largest known hoplophonine, which forces a re-evaluation of not only their relationships, but perceived paleoecology. Using a tip-dated Bayesian analysis with sophisticated evolutionary models, nimravids can now be viewed as following two paths of evolution: one led to numerous early dirk-tooth forms, including E. adelos, while the other converged on living feline morphology, tens of millions of years before its appearance in felids.
Quantum cryptographic resource distillation and entanglement
Authors: Choi Minjin , Lee Soojoon
Published: October 2021

We look into multipartite quantum states on which quantum cryptographic protocols including quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing can be perfectly performed, and define the quantum cryptographic resource distillable rate as the asymptotic rate at which such multipartite state can be distilled from a given multipartite state. Investigating several relations between entanglement and the rate, we show that there exists a multipartite bound entangled state whose quantum cryptographic resource distillable rate is strictly positive, that is, there exists a multipartite entangled state which is not distillable, but can be useful for quantum cryptography such as quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing.
Classifying diseases by using biological features to identify potential nosological models
Authors: Prieto Santamaría Lucía , García del Valle Eduardo P. , Zanin Massimiliano , Hernández Chan Gandhi Samuel , Pérez Gallardo Yuliana , Rodríguez-González Alejandro
Published: October 2021

Established nosological models have provided physicians an adequate enough classification of diseases so far. Such systems are important to correctly identify diseases and treat them successfully. However, these taxonomies tend to be based on phenotypical observations, lacking a molecular or biological foundation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to modernize them in order to include the heterogeneous information that is produced in the present, as could be genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolic data, leading this way to more comprehensive and robust structures. For that purpose, we have developed an extensive methodology to analyse the possibilities when it comes to generate new nosological models from biological features. Different datasets of diseases have been considered, and distinct features related to diseases, namely genes, proteins, metabolic pathways and genetical variants, have been represented as binary and numerical vectors. From those vectors, diseases distances have been computed on the basis of several metrics. Clustering algorithms have been implemented to group diseases, generating different models, each of them corresponding to the distinct combinations of the previous parameters. They have been evaluated by means of intrinsic metrics, proving that some of them are highly suitable to cover new nosologies. One of the clustering configurations has been deeply analysed, demonstrating its quality and validity in the research context, and further biological interpretations have been made. Such model was particularly generated by OPTICS clustering algorithm, by studying the distance between diseases based on gene sharedness and following cosine index metric. 729 clusters were formed in this model, which obtained a Silhouette coefficient of 0.43.
Evaluation of a saliva molecular point of care for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in ambulatory care
Authors: LeGoff Jérôme , Kernéis Solen , Elie Caroline , Mercier-Delarue Séverine , Gastli Nabil , Choupeaux Laure , Fourgeaud Jacques , Alby Marie-Laure , Quentin Pierre , Pavie Juliette , Brazille Patricia , Néré Marie Laure , Minier Marine , Gabassi Audrey , Leroy Chrystel , Parfait Béatrice , Tréluyer Jean-Marc , Delaugerre Constance
Published: October 2021

Rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is a cornerstone for the control of virus spread. The sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by RT-PCR is similar in saliva and nasopharyngeal swabs. Rapid molecular point-of-care tests in saliva could facilitate, broaden and speed up the diagnosis. We conducted a prospective study in two community COVID-19 screening centers to evaluate the performances of a CE-marked RT-LAMP assay (EasyCoV) designed for the detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA from fresh saliva samples, compared to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR, to saliva RT-PCR and to nasopharyngeal antigen testing. Overall, 117 of the 1718 participants (7%) tested positive with nasopharyngeal RT-PCR. Compared to nasopharyngeal RT-PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of the RT-LAMP assay in saliva were 34% and 97%, respectively. The Ct values of nasopharyngeal RT-PCR were significantly lower in the 40 true positive subjects with saliva RT-LAMP (Ct 25.9) than in the 48 false negative subjects with saliva RT-LAMP (Ct 28.4) (p = 0.028). Considering six alternate criteria for reference tests, including saliva RT-PCR and nasopharyngeal antigen, the sensitivity of saliva RT-LAMP ranged between 27 and 44%. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in crude saliva samples with an RT-LAMP assay had a lower sensitivity than nasopharyngeal RT-PCR, saliva RT-PCR and nasopharyngeal antigen testing.

Registration number: NCT04578509.
Murine SEC24D can substitute functionally for SEC24C during embryonic development
Authors: Adams Elizabeth J. , Khoriaty Rami , Kiseleva Anna , Cleuren Audrey C. A. , Tomberg Kärt , van der Ent Martijn A. , Gergics Peter , Tang Vi T. , Zhu Guojing , Hoenerhoff Mark J. , O’Shea K. Sue , Saunders Thomas L. , Ginsburg David
Published: October 2021

The COPII component SEC24 mediates the recruitment of transmembrane cargos or cargo adaptors into newly forming COPII vesicles on the ER membrane. Mammalian genomes encode four Sec24 paralogs (Sec24a-d), with two subfamilies based on sequence homology (SEC24A/B and C/D), though little is known about their comparative functions and cargo-specificities. Complete deficiency for Sec24d results in very early embryonic lethality in mice (before the 8 cell stage), with later embryonic lethality (E7.5) observed in Sec24c null mice. To test the potential overlap in function between SEC24C/D, we employed dual recombinase mediated cassette exchange to generate a Sec24cc-d allele, in which the C-terminal 90% of SEC24C has been replaced by SEC24D coding sequence. In contrast to the embryonic lethality at E7.5 of SEC24C-deficiency, Sec24cc-d/c-d pups survive to term, though dying shortly after birth. Sec24cc-d/c-d pups are smaller in size, but exhibit no other obvious developmental abnormality by pathologic evaluation. These results suggest that tissue-specific and/or stage-specific expression of the Sec24c/d genes rather than differences in cargo export function explain the early embryonic requirements for SEC24C and SEC24D.
The response of different kinds of rapeseed cultivars to foliar application of nitrogen, sulphur and boron
Authors: Sikorska Anna , Gugała Marek , Zarzecka Krystyna
Published: October 2021

The study was based on in 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019 field experiment conducted at the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce (Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station), eastern Poland. The studied factors were: I. winter rape cultivars: Monolit—open pollinated cultivar; PT248-F1 hybrid cultivars with traditional growth type; PX115-F1 hybrid cultivars with a semi-dwarf growth type and types of foliar nutrition: (1) control variant without foliar nutrition and amino acids; (2) amino acid; (3) foliar fertilizer sulphur and boron; (4) foliar fertilizer sulphur with foliar fertilizer boron and amino acid. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of foliar application of sulphur, boron, amino acids on the use and feed value of seeds of three winter rape morphotypes. The highest content of crude fat in seeds of the studied morphotypes was found after foliar fertilization with sulphur and boron and amino acids, while the lowest under the influence of amino acids. The highest concentration of total protein was obtained after the application of amino acids, and regardless of the morphotype studied on this object, the same value of this trait was demonstrated. In restored morphotypes, the use of additional foliar fertilization S and B in combination with amino acids did not significantly increase this characteristic compared to the amino acid variant. As a result of the application of amino acids and foliar feeding of S and B, and amino acids, the largest increase in crude fibre content in rapeseeds was obtained, while the application of S and B did not significantly increase this characteristic compared to the control variant. The best feed and use value of seeds were noted in restored morphotypes, with the semi-dwarf variety having the highest fat and crude fibre content. Climatic conditions in the years of research significantly determined the value of seeds. The highest values of the examined traits were obtained in the last year of the study, and the lowest in the growing season 2016–2017.
Variable intraspecific space use supports optimality in an apex predator
Authors: Finnegan S. P. , Svoboda N. J. , Fowler N. L. , Schooler S. L. , Belant J. L.
Published: October 2021

Within optimality theory, an animal’s home range can be considered a fitness-driven attempt to obtain resources for survival and reproduction while minimizing costs. We assessed whether brown bears (Ursus arctos) in two island populations maximized resource patches within home ranges (Resource Dispersion Hypothesis [RDH]) or occupied only areas necessary to meet their biological requirements (Temporal Resource Variability Hypothesis [TRVH]) at annual and seasonal scales. We further examined how intrinsic factors (age, reproductive status) affected optimal choices. We found dynamic patterns of space use between populations, with support for RDH and TRVH at both scales. The RDH was likely supported seasonally as a result of bears maximizing space use to obtain a mix of nutritional resources for weight gain. Annually, support for RDH likely reflected changing abundances and distributions of foods within different timber stand classes. TRVH was supported at both scales, with bears minimizing space use when food resources were temporally concentrated. Range sizes and optimal strategies varied among sex and reproductive classes, with males occupying larger ranges, supporting mate seeking behavior and increased metabolic demands of larger body sizes. This work emphasizes the importance of scale when examining animal movement ecology, as optimal behavioral decisions are scale dependent.
Deficiency of lung-specific claudin-18 leads to aggravated infection with Cryptococcus deneoformans through dysregulation of the microenvironment in lungs
Authors: Sato Ko , Matsumoto Ikumi , Suzuki Koya , Tamura Atsushi , Shiraishi Aki , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Kasamatsu Jun , Yamamoto Hideki , Miyasaka Tomomitsu , Tanno Daiki , Miyahara Anna , Zong Tong , Kagesawa Takafumi , Oniyama Akiho , Kawamura Kotone , Kitai Yuki , Umeki Aya , Kanno Emi , Tanno Hiromasa , Ishii Keiko , Tsukita Sachiko , Kawakami Kazuyoshi
Published: October 2021

Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that infects the lungs via airborne transmission and frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis. Claudins (Cldns), a family of proteins with 27 members found in mammals, form the tight junctions within epithelial cell sheets. Cldn-4 and 18 are highly expressed in airway tissues, yet the roles of these claudins in respiratory infections have not been clarified. In the present study, we analyzed the roles of Cldn-4 and lung-specific Cldn-18 (luCldn-18) in host defense against C. deneoformans infection. luCldn-18-deficient mice exhibited increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection, while Cldn-4-deficient mice had normal fungal clearance. In luCldn-18-deficient mice, production of cytokines including IFN-γ was significantly decreased compared to wild-type mice, although infiltration of inflammatory cells including CD4+ T cells into the alveolar space was significantly increased. In addition, luCldn-18 deficiency led to high K+ ion concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and also to alveolus acidification. The fungal replication was significantly enhanced both in acidic culture conditions and in the alveolar spaces of luCldn-18-deficient mice, compared with physiological pH conditions and those of wild-type mice, respectively. These results suggest that luCldn-18 may affect the clinical course of cryptococcal infection indirectly through dysregulation of the alveolar space microenvironment.
Flexible sensor with electrophoretic polymerized graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS composite for voltammetric determination of dopamine concentration
Authors: Ko Seung Hyeon , Kim Seung Wook , Lee Yi Jae
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a novel, flexible sensor with graphene oxide/PEDOT:PSS (GO/PEDOT:PSS) composite for voltammetric determination of selective low levels of dopamine. The well-distributed GO and EDOT:PSS suspension in water were deposited simply and polymerized. Consequently, the EDOT:PSS provided a strong interaction between GO and PEDOT:PSS, and it also had well-tailored interfacial properties that allowed the highly selective and sensitive determination of DA. Since the interfacial net charge is well-constructed, the sensor satisfies both the requirements of selectivity and the highly sensitive detection of low amounts of DA. In the results, the sensor with the GO/PEDOT:PSS composite exhibited a low interfacial impedance of about 281.46 ± 30.95 Ω at 100 Hz and a high charge storage capacity (53.94 ± 1.08 µC/cm2) for the detection of dopamine. In addition, the interference from ascorbic acid was reduced effectively to a minimum by electrostatic charge repelling of the AA and the distinct difference for the oxidation peak of the UA. Due to the fact that the GO/PEDOT:PSS composite had a net negative charge and, enhanced interfacial properties, the sensor showed a dopamine detection limit of 0.008 μM and a sensitivity of 69.3 µA/µMcm2.
Spin–orbit torques in normal metal/Nb/ferromagnet heterostructures
Authors: Lee Min Hyeok , Go Gyungchoon , Kim Yong Jin , Cha In Ho , Kim Gyu Won , Kim Taehyun , Lee Kyung-Jin , Kim Young Keun
Published: October 2021

Quantifying the spin–orbit torque (SOT) efficiency with changing the layer thickness is crucial for understanding the physical background of SOT. This study investigates the Nb-thickness-dependent SOT efficiency of two types of layered heterostructures: Ta/Nb/CoFeB and Pt/Nb/CoFeB. We find that the Nb thickness dependence of the SOT efficiency in the two samples is quite different. In the Pt/Nb series, the SOT sign changes according to the thickness variation because Pt and Nb have different spin–orbit coupling signs. We observe the resulting reversal in switching polarity through current-induced SOT switching experiments. However, due to the same spin–orbit coupling signs of Ta and Nb, no such polarity reversal was observed in Ta/Nb series. Further, we extract the spin diffusion length of Nb in each heterostructure. These results provide a systematic understanding of the material- and thickness-dependent SOT characteristics.
A multi-proxy approach to exploring Homo sapiens’ arrival, environments and adaptations in Southeast Asia
Authors: Bacon Anne-Marie , Bourgon Nicolas , Welker Frido , Cappellini Enrico , Fiorillo Denis , Tombret Olivier , Thi Mai Huong Nguyen , Anh Tuan Nguyen , Sayavonkhamdy Thongsa , Souksavatdy Viengkeo , Sichanthongtip Phonephanh , Antoine Pierre-Olivier , Duringer Philippe , Ponche Jean-Luc , Westaway Kira , Joannes-Boyau Renaud , Boesch Quentin , Suzzoni Eric , Frangeul Sébastien , Patole-Edoumba Elise , Zachwieja Alexandra , Shackelford Laura , Demeter Fabrice , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Dufour Élise
Published: October 2021

The capability of Pleistocene hominins to successfully adapt to different types of tropical forested environments has long been debated. In order to investigate environmental changes in Southeast Asia during a critical period for the turnover of hominin species, we analysed palaeoenvironmental proxies from five late Middle to Late Pleistocene faunas. Human teeth discoveries have been reported at Duoi U’Oi, Vietnam (70–60 ka) and Nam Lot, Laos (86–72 ka). However, the use of palaeoproteomics allowed us to discard the latter, and, to date, no human remains older than ~ 70 ka are documented in the area. Our findings indicate that tropical rainforests were highly sensitive to climatic changes over that period, with significant fluctuations of the canopy forests. Locally, large-bodied faunas were resilient to these fluctuations until the cooling period of the Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4; 74–59 ka) that transformed the overall biotope. Then, under strong selective pressures, populations with new phenotypic characteristics emerged while some other species disappeared.We argue that this climate-driven shift offered new foraging opportunities for hominins in a novel rainforest environment and was most likely a key factor in the settlement and dispersal of our species during MIS 4 in SE Asia.
Habitat geometry in artificial microstructure affects bacterial and fungal growth, interactions, and substrate degradation
Authors: Arellano-Caicedo Carlos , Ohlsson Pelle , Bengtsson Martin , Beech Jason P. , Hammer Edith C.
Published: October 2021

Microhabitat conditions determine the magnitude and speed of microbial processes but have been challenging to investigate. In this study we used microfluidic devices to determine the effect of the spatial distortion of a pore space on fungal and bacterial growth, interactions, and substrate degradation. The devices contained channels differing in bending angles and order. Sharper angles reduced fungal and bacterial biomass, especially when angles were repeated in the same direction. Substrate degradation was only decreased by sharper angles when fungi and bacteria were grown together. Investigation at the cellular scale suggests that this was caused by fungal habitat modification, since hyphae branched in sharp and repeated turns, blocking the dispersal of bacteria and the substrate. Our results demonstrate how the geometry of microstructures can influence microbial activity. This can be transferable to soil pore spaces, where spatial occlusion and microbial feedback on microstructures is thought to explain organic matter stabilization.
Cavity vat photopolymerisation for additive manufacturing of polymer-composite 3D objects
Authors: Bachmann Joel , Obst Philip , Knorr Lukas , Schmölzer Stefan , Fruhmann Gabriele , Witt Gerd , Osswald Tim , Wudy Katrin , Hinrichsen Olaf
Published: October 2021

Vat photopolymerisation describes resin-based additive manufacturing processes in which ultraviolet light is used to layer-wise solidify liquid resin into a desired 3D shape. If the starting resin is a dual-curing formulation the object is also thermally cured to attain its final properties, obtaining either an elastomer or a thermoset. Here, we introduce cavity vat photopolymerisation, in which one photopolymer resin produces a composite material of an elastomer and thermoset. Cavities of any geometry are purposefully designed in the solid object and then filled with liquid resin during printing due to negative pressure. Thermal curing then solidifies the resin in the cavities into an elastomer, forming a distinct interface held together by strong covalent bonds. Hybrid specimens indicate improved damping, reduced fragmentation upon fracture and increased local elasticity, and we suggest several hard-shell/soft-core applications that might benefit.
Functionalized Metal Nanoclusters for Biosensing Applications
Authors: Kumari Komal , Bera Debkumar , Kumar Vinay , Rakshit Surajit , Goswami Nirmal
Published: October 2021

The detection of biologically relevant analytes at ultra-low concentrations using the unique physicochemical properties of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) has emerged as a frontier research area in recent decades. In this chapter, we discuss the most recent emerging trends in MNC-based biosensing applications. In particular, we have summarized the biosensing strategies with two key features of the MNCs. These are MNC-based (i) optical biosensors and (ii) electrochemical biosensors. In optical biosensing applications, both the absorbance as well as the photoluminescence properties of MNCs are frequently explored and are therefore discussed in the chapter with special emphasis on the detection of various diseases and bacteria. Finally, the pros and cons as well as discussions about further directions in designing MNC-based smart biosensors is also presented.
Engineering Biochars for Environmental Applications
Authors: Liu Yanbiao , Zheng Wentian , You Shijie
Published: October 2021

Biochar provides a promising solution toward effective water decontamination. This chapter presents a systematic review on the modification strategies of biochar and its potential environmental applications.
Reduced quenching effect of pyridine ligands in highly luminescent Ln(iii) complexes: the role of tertiary amide linkers
Authors: Kocsi Daniel , Kovacs Daniel , Wells Jordann A. L. , Borbas K. Eszter
Published: October 2021

Luminescent Eu(iii) and Tb(iii) complexes based on triazacyclononane frameworks, bidentate picolinate donors, and tertiary amide-linked carbostyril sensitising antennae are more luminescent and more photostable than their secondary amide-linked analogues.
Photophysicochemical, sonochemical, and biological properties of novel hexadeca-substituted phthalocyanines bearing fluorinated groups
Authors: Farajzadeh Nazli , Çelik Çetin , Atmaca Göknur Yaşa , Özdemir Sadin , Gonca Serpil , Erdoğmuş Ali , Koçak Makbule Burkut
Published: October 2021

This study reports the sono-photochemical properties of novel hexadeca-substituted metal-free/metal phthalocyanines bearing fluorinated groups for the first time. Their biological properties were studied extensively, as well.
Bioinspired mononuclear Mn complexes for O2 activation and biologically relevant reactions
Authors: Cook Emma N. , Machan Charles W.
Published: October 2021

An interest in harnessing the oxidizing power of O2 has led to the synthetic models of Mn-dependent enzyme active sites. Here, we describe the recent advancements to the development of bioinspired mononuclear Mn complexes for O2 activation.
Independent mode sorption of perfluoroalkyl acids by single and multiple adsorbents
Authors: Krop Hildo , Eschauzier Christian , van der Roest Els , Parsons John R. , de Voogt Pim
Published: October 2021

Based on the independent mode sorption model it is proposed that a two-step adsorption remediation technology, a hydrophobic one followed by an electrostatic one, is most efficient for short chain PFAAs.
Cp*Ir(iii)/chiral carboxylic acid-catalyzed enantioselective C–H alkylation of ferrocene carboxamides with diazomalonates
Authors: Mou Qi , Zhao Ruyuan , Niu Ruihan , Fukagawa Seiya , Shigeno Taiki , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki , Sun Bo
Published: October 2021

An achiral Cp*Ir(iii)/chiral carboxylic acid-catalysed enantioselective C–H alkylation of ferrocene carboxamides with diazomalonates was achieved, providing planar chiral alkylated ferrocenes in up to 94 : 6 er.
Transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes with 2-propanol and ethanol enabled by manganese catalysis
Authors: Gong Yingjie , He Jingxi , Wen Xiaoting , Xi Hui , Wei Zhihong , Liu Weiping
Published: October 2021

A convenient well-defined manganese catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes using 2-propanol and ethanol as hydrogen sources is developed. DFT calculations support an outer sphere hydrogenation mechanism.
Nanotechnology in cardiac stem cell therapy: cell modulation, imaging and gene delivery
Authors: Sarathkumar Elangovan , Victor Marina , Menon Jaivardhan A. , Jibin Kunnumpurathu , Padmini Suresh , Jayasree Ramapurath S.
Published: October 2021

This review summarizes the potential challenges present in cardiac stem cell therapy and the major role of nanotechnology to overcome these challenges including cell modulation, tracking and imaging of stem cells.
Phenothiazine and semi-cyanine based colorimetric and fluorescent probes for detection of sulfites in solutions and in living cells
Authors: Chen Hong-Wei , Xia Hong-Cheng , Hakeim O. A. , Song Qin-Hua
Published: October 2021

Four 7-substituted phenothiazine hemicyanines display a substituent effect on the fluorescence response toward sulfites. The CN-substituted probe exhibits the best sensing behavior.
Multiscale structures and rheology of bisurea-loaded resins for anti-sagging applications
Authors: He Ying-Feng , Huang Ssu-Ting , Chen Chia-Hao , Chang Yu-Hsuan , Hua Chi-Chung , Chiang Ping-Ray , Weng Jien-Yi
Published: October 2021

Four representative bisurea molecules (HDI-BA, MDI-BA, TDI-BA, and IPDI-BA) were synthesized and dispersed in a polyester/ortho-xylene resin medium to produce bisurea-loaded resins for anti-sagging applications with paints and coating materials.
Green, tough and highly efficient flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam enabled by double network hydrogel coatings
Authors: Huang Yubin , Zhou Jinming , Sun Ping , Zhang Lei , Qian Xiaodong , Jiang Saihua , Shi Congling
Published: October 2021

Designing eco-friendly fireproof rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) that can completely stop fire ignition or spread has significant technological implications, which has been proved to be extremely challenging.
Achieving performance and longevity with butane-operated low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells using low-cost Cu and CeO2 catalysts
Authors: Thieu Cam-Anh , Yang Sungeun , Ji Ho-Il , Kim Hyoungchul , Yoon Kyung Joong , Lee Jong-Ho , Son Ji-Won
Published: October 2021

Record high performance and longevity is reported for a butane-fueled low-temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC). Affordable catalysts, Cu and CeO2, were incorporated into a thin-film-based SOFC to enable this remarkable enhancement.
Ultrahigh energy density with excellent thermal stability in lead-free multilayer ceramic capacitorsviacomposite strategy design
Authors: Zhao Peiyao , Chen Lingling , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui
Published: October 2021

A universal composite strategy design to fabricate MLCCs with finer grains, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, and better stability.
Stress/pressure-stabilized cubic polymorph of Li3Sb with improved thermoelectric performance
Authors: Yahyaoglu Mujde , Soldi Thomas , Ozen Melis , Candolfi Christophe , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Aydemir Umut
Published: October 2021

The thermoelectric potential of cubic Li3Sb is reported for the first time through a detailed investigation of its high-temperature thermoelectric properties measured on polycrystalline specimens prepared by the stress-induced mechanochemical method.
The influence of differently functionalized nanodiamonds on proliferation, apoptosis and EMT/MET phenomena in 2D and 3D tumor cell cultures
Authors: Shirley Anup James , Schweeberg Sarah , Waag Thilo , Peindl Matthias , Dandekar Gudrun , Walles Heike , Jakob Franz , Krueger Anke , Ebert Regina
Published: October 2021

Three different nanodiamonds (ND-BA, NDprist, ND-BQ) were applied in 2D and 3D models to LNCaP prostate and MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Proliferation, apoptosis and expression of EMT/MET markers were analyzed by qPCR and Western Blot.
Constitutional isomers of carbazole–benzoyl-pyrimidine-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for efficient OLEDs
Authors: Pandidurai Jayabalan , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Chen Yi-Kuan , Hsieh Chia-Min , Cheng Chien-Hong
Published: October 2021

Two pairs of constitutional isomeric TADF dopants (35CzBPym and 25CzBPym; 35tCzBPym and 25tCzBPym) containing benzoyl pyrimidine (BPym) as an acceptor and carbazoles (Czs) as donors were designed for high-efficiency OLEDs.
Specific chiral recognition of amino acid enantiomers promoted by an enzymatic bioreactor in MOFs
Authors: Yang Jian , Jiang Yao , Tao Guorong , Gu Jinlou
Published: October 2021

A general enzyme-driven indirect fluorescence sensing model based on mesoporous MOFs was proposed to realize specific detection of chiral AAs.
Sulfur-doping tuning oxygen vacancies in ultrathin 2D Ni–V mixed metal oxides for exceptional oxidase mimic and antibacterial applications
Authors: Wang Yi , Chen Chao , Zhang Dun
Published: October 2021

Sulfur-doping ultrathin 2D Ni–V MMO nanosheets can be derived from LDHs. The obtained 2NiV-S-400 with rich oxygen vacancy exhibits the best OXD/POD-like and antibacterial activity by generating of ˙OH and ˙O2− radical with low level of H2O2.
A first principles study of uniaxial strain-stabilized long–range ferromagnetic ordering in electrenes
Authors: Zhou Jun , Song Xiaohe , Yang Ming , Chai Jianwei , Wong Nancy Lai Mun , Shen Lei , Wang Shijie , Feng Yuan Ping
Published: October 2021

Uniaxial strains have been proposed to introduce in-plane magnetic anisotropy to electrene, LaBr2, stabilizing a long–range magnetic ordering of the magnetic anionic electrons.
Pseudo-Nitzschia sp(Bacillariophyceae), seasonal distribution in the lagoon of Nador (Morroco)
Authors: Riouchi Ouassila , El Madani Faid , Abadie Eric , Skalli Ali , Akodad Mustapha , Moumen Abdelmajid , Ait Hmeid Hanane , Azizi Ghizlane , Baghour Mourad
Published: October 2021

The goal of this study is to look into the dominance of diatoms, specifically the genus “Pseudo-Nitzschia Sp” at the Nador lagoon level and how it relates to the physicochemical parameters of the environment. From the four sampling stations and for two seasons (spring and summer 2018). This diatom of the genus “Pseudo-Nitzschia Sp” includes toxic species capable of producing domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin responsible for amnesic intoxication syndrome in humans. During sampling, the species “PseudoNitzschia Sp” showed variable cell densities between stations and seasons. The dominate microalgae were observed during the spring period with a maximum concentration of (4000 Cells / l). And a low viscosity during the summer seasons (140 Cells / l).
Development of Stochastic Mathematical Models for the Prediction of Heavy Metal Content in Surface Waters Using Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression
Authors: El Chaal Rachid , Aboutafail Mouley Othman
Published: October 2021

The principal purpose of this study is to build stochastic neuronal models, for the prediction of heavy metal, contents in the surface waters of the Oued Inaouen catchment area of the TAZA region, according to their Physico-chemical parameters; we have carried out a comparative study: the multiple linear regression (MLR) method and the artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The following statistical indicators were used to evaluate the performance of the stochastic models developed by neural network and MLR: The sum of the quadratic errors (SSE) and the determination coefficient (R²), also through the study of fit graphs. The results show that the predictive modelling using artificial neural networks is very effective. This performance shows a non-linear relation between the studied Physico-chemical characteristics and the heavy metal contents in the surface waters of the Oued Inaouen catchment area.
Proposal of a Big data System for an Intelligent Management of Water Resources
Authors: Bouziane Sara , Aghoutane Badraddine , Moumen Aniss , Sahlaoui Ali , EL Ouali Anas
Published: October 2021

Today, advanced technologies like Big Data, IoT, and Cloud Computing can provide new opportunities and applications in all sectors. In the water sector, water scarcity has become a common concern of different institutions and actors worldwide. In this context, several approaches and systems have been proposed and developed, using these technologies, allowing intelligent water resources management. Internet of Things can be used for assisting the Water Industry to collect data, manage and monitor the water infrastructures using smart devices. Big Data is a strategic technology for analyzing and interpreting collected data into valuable and helpful information for better decision making. This paper presents Big Data and Internet of Things technologies. It addresses theirs uses in some use cases such as municipal water losses, water pollution in agriculture, water Leak detection, etc., to provide new systems and innovative solutions for intelligent water resources management. Based on this study, we propose a Big Data and IoT architecture for intelligent water resources management.
A study of water infiltration basin and clogging using column experiments
Authors: El Mrabet Elyasse , El Mezouary Lhoussaine , El Mansouri Bouabid
Published: October 2021

The clogging of infiltration basins is the main problem affecting the proper functioning of groundwater artificial recharge systems. In this study, several parameters have been varied to understand their impacts on water infiltration. The experimental results show that the effect of initial humidity is significant for less porous material such as silty soil (Hamri) and sand. The air bubbles are also an important factor to take into consideration since when trapped within porous structures, it forms a barrier for the displacement of water infiltration. The accumulation of suspended particles in stormwater can contribute to clogging by creating a light layer due to the finest particles, which remain in suspension for a long time. Finally, for the tested materials and experimental conditions, we observed that a combination of a silty soil and sand layer in the design of infiltration basins was more practical than a combination of sand and gravel. The latter, despite its high porosity, could release very fine particles; which would create a cement layer of clogging when deposited at the interface. This layer is an obstacle for water infiltration, thus rendering the device thus constructed unsuitably for groundwater recharge, by reducing its life.
Selection and Justification of Information Security Indicators for Materials Processing Systems
Authors: Kotenko Igor , Parashchuk Igor , El Baz Didier
Published: October 2021

The paper examines an approach to formulating the composition of a non-redundant and rational set of information security indicators for modern materials processing systems. The approach is focused on taking into account the hierarchical relationships that exist between the processes and subsystems responsible for protecting information, taking into account the features and boundaries of modern requirements for the availability, integrity and confidentiality of information, and also takes into account the variety of factors affecting the information support of materials processing processes. A variant of the system of information security indicators for materials processing systems is proposed. Practical implementation of the approach to the selection and substantiation of information security indicators will improve the efficiency of security control of information support procedures for modern materials processing processes.
The Stability of Laser Hardening Structures to Softening During Heating
Authors: Brover Andrey , Brover Galina , Moysova Olga , Yankovskaya Valeriya
Published: October 2021

Structural and phase changes occurring in laser-hardened steels after tempering at different temperatures are considered. It is shown that the optimization of laser processing and subsequent tempering allows to increase the heat resistance of steels 50-120°C by maintaining a high density of defects in the crystal structure and appearance of the uniform allocation of dispersed carbide particles. It is established that for the laser-irradiated metal, from the energy point of view, it is not the formation of ε-carbide during tempering, but the deposition of carbon atoms and alloying elements on structural imperfections with further formation of carbides according to the scheme: carbon in solid solution → carbon associated with defects → carbide on defects of the crystal structure.