bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The bifurcation of advanced packaging
Authors: Park John
Published: June 2019

Following a similar trend from the 1990's, IC package design is experiencing a sea change. As a refresher, the 1990's is when the ball grid array (BGA) came along, introducing a whole new set of design tool requirements. The mechanical design tools used for the previous generation of lead frame styled packages were no longer capable of supporting the new design requirements of the BGA. In short, the BGA introduced multi-layer routable organic and ceramic substrates and new possibilities for stacking (and embedding) multi-die, requiring designers to abandon their mechanical design tools and look at new solutions for doing package design. On top of that, IO's were switching faster than ever, requiring engineers to look at new ways of electrically characterizing these designs.

As a result, a couple of EDA companies stepped up and adapted their printed circuit board (PCB) layout and analysis tools for that generation of BGA-based advanced packaging. Problem (more or less) solved!

Fast forward to today and we see a very similar trend. Now being introduced at a rapid pace, are new advanced IC packaging solutions that have a lot more silicon content, wafer stacking and, in some cases, chips being packaged directly at the wafer-level at traditional IC foundries, skipping the traditional OSAT model of the past. Make no mistake, this is a significant change to the status quo of BGA package design tools of the past. The PCB-like flows that were established for BGA design are likely not the path forward for technologies like, 2.5D/3D IC and fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP). Instead, in all likelihood IC design tools and flows will need to be slightly adapted to support the next generation of package designs.

Let's start with foundry-based FOWLP. In this case, induvial dice are placed on a chip-carrier with additional spacing between them. Molding is poured in the empty space and then an array of bumps (UBM) and the connectivity (RDL) are added. In foundry-based flows, these UBM and RDL layers require IC-styled routing/metal fill and mask generation from the layout tool. In addition, these masks must be verified with traditional IC DRC/LVS tools. It's clear that some kind of hybrid advanced packaging flow using some traditional IC tools in the flow is required to support this type of design. And in fact, if you look at the largest semiconductor foundries reference flow tools, you will find this to be true.

This presentation further examines the design tool/flow requirement for FOWLP, 2.5D/3D IC and future multi-die packaging technologies.
What is driving the TSV business: Market & Technology Trends
Authors: Kumar Santosh
Published: June 2019

TSV interconnect based 3D/2.5D packaging has gained significant attention since its introduction in FPGA (for die partitioning) and HBM integrated GPU module (for gaming application). The performance potential offered by this technology is unequalled by any other packaging platform today. High-end applications like deep learning, datacenter networking, AR/VR, and autonomous driving are becoming real, thereby pushing the limits of other current packaging platforms. Fueled by increasing bandwidth needs for moving data in cloud-computing and supercomputing applications, performance-driven markets have adopted 3D stacked technologies in a row. Imaging, as the first market adopter of 3D integration, is propelling the market with an increasing number of sensors in smartphones and tablets, including 3D imaging. TSV-based products can be classified in three ranges: low, middle, and high-end. The middle and high-end product markets like CMOS image sensor, memory cube, and interposer are based on a via-middle process. In low-end products, we can also find TSV based on via-middle (i.e. in Apple's fingerprint sensor), but for cost reasons the MEMS industry is using essentially a via-last process, which is cheaper than a via-middle process. TSV's penetration rate in low-end products will remain stable, with the main source of growth due to RF filters in smartphone front-end modules, which keep increasing in order to support the different frequency bands used in 5G mobile communications protocol. This presentation will discuss about the market and technology trends of the TSV based 3D/2.5D packaging.
Thinking in 3D - The New Architecture
Authors: DeLaCruz Javi
Published: June 2019

Advancements in image sensors, RF devices and memory have highlighted a better approach to performance improvements than trotting along a Moore's Law path. 3D approaches have benefits that can far surpass shrinking nodes. This presentation discusses the benefits and barriers in designing true 3D SoC devices
Enabling Early and Fast Thermal Simulation for 3D Multi-Die System Designs
Authors: Dey Tunir , Koga Kazunari , Mandavia Humair
Published: June 2019

As design complexity increases with 3DICs and time-to-market becomes a critical component in the automotive, wearables and IoT segments, reducing design cycle time while maintaining accuracy of analysis has become all the more important. To address this, a system level co-design approach in step with multi-physics analysis is presented. To mitigate errors due to manual exchange of data between various engineering teams spread across chip, package and board with design and analysis adding further level of exchange, a design flow incorporating simplification at the layout level is shown. The flow enables various levels of simplified models to be used, wherein data transfer between the complex 3D structures in layout to the thermal analysis tool is automated. The efficacy of the model simplification is verified through a test case showing comparable results for the simplified and full models.
Design, Processes & Technology Co-design Methodology
Authors: Peng Diane , Tabrez Baqar
Published: June 2019

Costs, design complexity and manufacturing risks are creating opportunities with a rapid convergence of the traditional IC design and IC package design processes. For the goal of achieving the electrical (SI/PI) performance requirements of a complex SoC design, choices of package technology, impact of material selection, process flow optimization are critical factors with increasing challenges to overcome.

We have undertaken a co-design methodology to optimize the IC chip layout and substrate design to streamline assembly processes while assimilating the physical and logical interactions within each design domain. We have optimized the die top-level/RDL layout & pattern, defined bump placement & structures for the current density, established electrical constraints for critical nets, applied PG supply strategy, and facilitated routings in the package thereby mitigating assembly risks.

To streamline the design and development process, we have employed simulation tools for a thorough evaluation of electrical, mechanical and thermal performance to identify the areas of enhancing the packaging assembly processes:Cadence XtractIM and Ansys SIwave to assess current density and electrical performance on the combo of die + package.Ansys mechanical to understand the underlying assembly issues such as stress induced to die and bumps.Mentor Graphics Flotherm to evaluate the thermal performance per the different die thickness and bump stackup.

Using simulation results as the guideline, we have defined and conducted DOEs focusing on bump structures and stackup, die thickness, substrate stackup, assembly mold processes (CUF vs MUF), die placement and configuration, and low CTE material selection to mitigate underlying assembly issues and refine the assembly recipes. We have gained a thorough understanding of dependency factors on the assembly manufacturing processes and parameters in each DOE to finetune and finalize the assembly PORs for the advanced package technology. The refined assembly recipes have delivered the robust package performance and reliability for high volume production.
Microbump Processing for 3D IC Integration
Authors: Li Feng , Owens Andrew W. , Li Qianyi
Published: June 2019

In recent years, the development of microbumps has allowed even smaller sizes of ICs to utilize the flip chip technique. In addition, microbumps have enabled the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) ICs, which drastically improve the spatial efficiency of packaging. However, as the bumps size decreases and the number increases, several process challenges must be considered, for example, the height consistency of bump, the ratio of miss and deformity bump and the yield and strength of interconnection, etc. Therefore, it is increasingly important to study the interconnection technology and materials of high-density microbump interconnection.

After briefly introducing the common electronic packaging techniques, including wire bonding, tape-automated bonding and flip chip, this paper reviews microbumps as an advanced bonding technology. Techniques such as Controlled Collapse Chip Connection - New Process(C4NP), printing, insert bump bonding, and self-replication process are discussed and compared. C4NP can achieve low-cost, fine pitch bumping by utilizing varied lead-free solder alloys, which overcomes the limitation of existing bumping technologies. Depending on the microbump size, engraved mask stump, and photosensitive organic mask and squeegee are the two ways for micro-bump printing. The micro-insert bump bonding process is new to stack chips vertically, which has robust bonding structure and a simpler bonding process compared to Cu pillar bonding process. The self-replication process is using the surface tension property of molten solder between the micro bridged bump to get two bumps with same volume and geometries on each faced pairs of lands. The use of two common material for the microbump, Cu, Sn, and its alloys are presented along with the differences in the process for each.

As with any technology, a new breakthrough addressing an issue brings with it its own set of shortfalls. Microbumps are no different. The various techniques and materials used to realize the reduced scale bonding method are subject to a number of challenges. Most prominent among them are electromigration, thermomigration, and thermallyinduced mechanical fatigue, which are discussed in this paper.
Organic Substrate Technologies for Fingerprint Sensors
Authors: Wen Shengmin
Published: June 2019

Fingerprint sensor had a long history. With the mobile electronics security application being ushered in several years back, miniature and low-cost capacitive fingerprint sensors enjoyed an explosion growth. One technology to make such a low-cost, highly sensitive, high environment tolerating and reliable technology is to use organic substrate to construct sensing element. In this paper, several technologies are reviewed. They include Si based absolute capacitive sensors, film-based transcapacitive technology, organic substrate-based transcapacitive technology. To make highly sensitive substrate sensor, a newly invented architecture has been achieved with new photosensitive material in combination with traditional substrate manufacturing process, resulting the best performance at very low cost. Detailed manufacturing process and performance evaluation results will be presented.
Additive Manufacturing of Dielectric Microstructures
Authors: Christenson Kurt
Published: June 2019

Additive, printed, 3D electrical traces are needed to achieve the desired advances in packaging. Recent advances in silver inks in some cases provide resistivities of 2× bulk silver (3.2E-6 Ohm-cm) when sintered at 120 C, and laser sintering can provide similar performance on substantially room-temperature substrates. Compared to wire bonds, printed traces have smaller heights (no loops) and the trace cross sections can be tailored to carry larger currents. In RF applications, printed traces can be shorter, have lower inductance and crosstalk, and be shaped to form substantially impedance-matched connections.

Additive dielectric microstructures are often required to support the additive printing of conductors on 2.5D and 3D electronic structures. For example:A fillet, or at minimum a wall coating, is needed on the conductive sidewall of an unpackaged IC die that is to be connected to an underlying PCB by a printed trace. Large fillets (ca 350 um) are needed on typical single die, <50 um fillets on stacks of thinned die, and <20 um fillets are needed on flexible die.Filling the inter-die gap is necessary when interconnecting closely spaced die.Filling the gap between the substrate dielectric and die is needed when the die is mounted in a cavity in the substrate. Cavity mounting is sometimes used when the floor of the cavity is a thick metal layer that acts as both a ground plane and a heat sink.

Dual-cure (UA and/or heat) resins are desirable for creating microstructures as the resins can be “pinned” in-situ to create structures that would normally be impossible due to the flow of the resin. A secondary heating step is normally used to cure any areas shadowed from the UV. These resins can shrink on curing by as much as a few percent causing delamination from underlying structures or stress in the final parts. Much like applying multiple thin coats of paint to avoid the cracking that results from applying one thick coat, applying multiple thin coats of dielectric with simultaneous UV or UV exposure between the coats allows the polymer to be deposited with low stress and without delamination. For example, a method for creating fillets around thick die by multiple layering has been described by Hines et al. It is also possible to create structures with low-shrinkage/CTE materials, but these materials are often compromised in other metrics.

Creating micro dielectric structures by conventional syringe dispense methods is difficult due to the size of currently used dispense needles. Even the 190 um OD of a 34 ga needle, which is too small to be used with filled resins, is poorly suited to forming 45-degree fillets on a stack of 35 um-tall die. This work discusses some of the practical aspects and results of creating these micro dielectric microstructures and printed traces using Aerosol Jet® technology.
An Unusual Cause of Right Heart Failure
Authors: Hill Paul , Sidhu Jagdip , Bastiaenen Rachel
Published: June 2019

Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic condition, which usually affects the lungs or gastrointestinal tract but uncommonly cardiac valves can be involved, causing carcinoid heart disease. We describe a case of a 60-year-old man presented with a twelve-month history of worsening shortness of breath and decreased exercise tolerance. Investigations confirmed grade 1 metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumour) of likely gastrointestinal tract origin. Two months after diagnosis he underwent successful tricuspid valve replacement and pulmonary root replacement. Cytoreductive surgery of the right lobe of the liver and the ileal primary is planned. Cardiac surgery is the only definitive treatment for carcinoid heart disease and should be considered in all those with symptoms and evidence of severe valvular disease.
A quantitative study on personnel’s experiences with patient handovers between the operating room and the postoperative anesthesia care unit before and after the implementation of a structured communication tool
Authors: Leonardsen Ann-Chatrin , Moen Ellen Klavestad , Karlsøen Gro , Hovland Trine
Published: June 2019

Postoperative handover of patients has been described as a complex work process challenged by interruptions, time pressure and a lack of supporting framework. The purpose of this study was to investigate involved personnel’s experiences with the quality of patient handovers between the operating room and the postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU) before and after implementation of a structured tool for communication. The study was conducted in a hospital in South-eastern Norway. Personnel completed a questionnaire before (n=116) and after (n=90) implementation of the Identification-Situation-Assessment- Recommendations (ISBAR)- tool. Analysis included summative statistics, t-tests and generalized linear regression analysis. Statistical significance assumed at P<0.05. The overall impression of quality in handovers improved significantly after implementation of the ISBAR (P=0.001). Personnel’s experiences were improved in relation to that handovers followed a logical structure, available documentation was used and all relevant information was communicated (P<0.001). Moreover, personnel found it easier to establish contact at the beginning of the handover, ambiguities were resolved and documentation was more complete (P=0.001). Profession was associated with seven of the statements, relating to whether relevant information is clearly communicated, whether possible risks and complications are discussed, contact easily established, and to completeness of documentation and information. In addition, findings indicate significantly more negative experiences among receiving personnel both pre- and post-implementation. Implementation of a structured tool for communication in patient handovers, may improve quality and safety in patient handovers between the operating room and the PACU. Research is needed to define optimal patient handovers and to determine the effect of handover quality on patient outcomes.
Intertrial Rest for Maximum Grip and Key Pinch Strength in Japanese Young Adults
Authors: Kurosaki Masaki , Momose Kimito
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE. This study investigated the most appropriate intertrial rest period for maximum grip and key pinch strength measurements involving three trials.

METHOD. The study included 40 male and 40 female participants. Using a repeated-measures design, six intertrial rest periods—15 s, 30 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s, and 150 s—were investigated, one per day on 6 different days.

RESULTS. A repeated-measures analysis of variance or Friedman test found significant decreases in grip and key pinch strength over the three trials in all test conditions. However, for both hands, only small differences were observed in test conditions (≥90 s, male grip; ≥60 s, female grip; male and female key pinch; effect sizes of <0.5).

CONCLUSION. If a rest of ≥150 s is not possible, 90 s of rest between trials for grip strength and 60 s of rest between trials for key pinch strength can be considered.
Effects of benzene, quercetin, and their combination on porcine ovarian cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone release
Authors: Tarko Adam , Štochmal'ová Aneta , Jedličková Katarína , Hrabovszká Sandra , Vachanová Adriana , Harrath Abdel Halim , Alwasel Saleh , Alrezaki Abdulkarem , Kotwica Jan , Baláži Andrej , Sirotkin Alexander V.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We hypothesized that the environmental contaminant benzene and the plant
antioxidant quercetin may affect ovarian cell functions and that quercetin
could offer protection against the adverse effects of benzene. This study
aimed to examine the action of benzene, quercetin, and their combination on
porcine ovarian granulosa cell functions. We elucidated the effects of
benzene (20 µg mL−1), quercetin
(at the doses 0, 1, 10, 100 µg mL−1), and their combination
on ovarian granulosa cell functions (proliferation, apoptosis, and hormone
release) in vitro using immunocytochemistry and enzyme immunoassay
respectively. Benzene alone stimulated proliferation, apoptosis, and oxytocin
release and inhibited progesterone and prostaglandin F release. Quercetin
alone inhibited proliferation, apoptosis, and stimulated oxytocin release
but did not affect progesterone and prostaglandin F release. When used in
combination with benzene, quercetin promoted the inhibitory effect of benzene
on progesterone release. Overall, these data suggest that benzene and quercetin have direct stimulatory and
inhibitory effects, respectively, on basic ovarian
functions. Moreover, no protective action of quercetin against the effects of
benzene was found. Rather, it was found to enhance the effect of benzene on
progesterone release. Therefore, quercetin cannot be considered for
preventing or mitigating the effects of benzene on reproductive processes.
The TRIple-frequency and Polarimetric radar Experiment for improving process observations of winter precipitation
Authors: Dias Neto José , Kneifel Stefan , Ori Davide , Trömel Silke , Handwerker Jan , Bohn Birger , Hermes Normen , Mühlbauer Kai , Lenefer Martin , Simmer Clemens
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This paper describes a 2-month dataset of ground-based triple-frequency (X,
Ka, and W band) Doppler radar observations during the winter season obtained
at the Jülich ObservatorY for Cloud Evolution Core Facility (JOYCE-CF),
Germany. All relevant post-processing steps, such as re-gridding and offset and
attenuation correction, as well as quality flagging, are described. The
dataset contains all necessary information required to recover data at
intermediate processing steps for user-specific applications and corrections
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1341389; Dias Neto et al., 2019). The large number of ice clouds included in the dataset
allows for a first statistical analysis of their multifrequency radar
signatures. The reflectivity differences quantified by dual-wavelength ratios
(DWRs) reveal temperature regimes where aggregation seems to be triggered.
Overall, the aggregation signatures found in the triple-frequency space agree
with and corroborate conclusions from previous studies. The combination of
DWRs with mean Doppler velocity and linear depolarization ratio enables us to
distinguish signatures of rimed particles and melting snowflakes. The riming
signatures in the DWRs agree well with results found in previous
triple-frequency studies. Close to the melting layer, however, we find very
large DWRs (up to 20 dB), which have not been reported before. A combined
analysis of these extreme DWR with mean Doppler velocity and a linear
depolarization ratio allows this signature to be separated, which is most likely
related to strong aggregation, from the triple-frequency characteristics of
melting particles.
A Bayesian approach to multivariate adaptive localization in ensemble-based data assimilation with time-dependent extensions
Authors: Popov Andrey A. , Sandu Adrian
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Ever since its inception, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has elicited many heuristic approaches that sought to improve it. One such method is covariance localization, which alleviates spurious correlations due to finite ensemble sizes by using relevant spatial correlation information. Adaptive localization techniques account for how correlations change in time and space, in order to obtain improved covariance estimates. This work develops a Bayesian approach to adaptive Schur-product localization for the deterministic ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF) and extends it to support multiple radii of influence. We test the proposed adaptive localization using the toy Lorenz'96 problem and a more realistic 1.5-layer quasi-geostrophic model. Results with the toy problem show that the multivariate approach informs us that strongly observed variables can tolerate larger localization radii. The univariate approach leads to markedly improved filter performance for the realistic geophysical model, with a reduction in error by as much as 33 %.
Sensitivity of a calving glacier to ice–ocean interactions under climate change: new insights from a 3-D full-Stokes model
Authors: Todd Joe , Christoffersen Poul , Zwinger Thomas , Råback Peter , Benn Douglas I.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Iceberg calving accounts for between 30 % and 60 % of net mass loss from
the Greenland Ice Sheet, which has intensified and is now the single largest
contributor to global sea level rise in the cryosphere. Changes to calving
rates and the dynamics of calving glaciers represent a significant
uncertainty in projections of future sea level rise. A growing body of
observational evidence suggests that calving glaciers respond rapidly to
regional environmental change, but predictive capacity is limited by the lack
of suitable models capable of simulating calving mechanisms realistically.
Here, we use a 3-D full-Stokes calving model to investigate the environmental
sensitivity of Store Glacier, a large outlet glacier in West Greenland. We
focus on two environmental processes: undercutting by submarine melting and
buttressing by ice mélange, and our results indicate that Store Glacier
is likely to be able to withstand moderate warming perturbations in which the
former is increased by 50 % and the latter reduced by 50 %. However,
severe perturbation with a doubling of submarine melt rates or a complete
loss of ice mélange destabilises the calving front in our model runs.
Furthermore, our analysis reveals that stress and fracture patterns at
Store's terminus are complex and varied, primarily due to the influence of
basal topography. Calving style and environmental sensitivity vary greatly,
with propagation of surface crevasses significantly influencing iceberg
production in the northern side, whereas basal crevasses dominate in the
south. Any future retreat is likely to be initiated in the southern side by a
combination of increased submarine melt rates in summer and reduced
mélange strength in winter. The lateral variability, as well as the
importance of rotational and bending forces at the terminus, underlines the
importance of using the 3-D full-Stokes stress solution when modelling
Greenland's calving glaciers.
Introduction: Epistemic Injustice and Recognition Theory
Authors: Giladi Paul , McMillan Nicola
Published: June 2019

Introduction to the special issue
“Me Too”: Epistemic Injustice and the Struggle for Recognition
Authors: Jackson Debra L.
Published: June 2019

Congdon (2017), Giladi (2018), and McConkey (2004) challenge feminist epistemologists and recognition theorists to come together to analyze epistemic injustice. I take up this challenge by highlighting the failure of recognition in cases of testimonial and hermeneutical injustice experienced by victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault. I offer the #MeToo movement as a case study to demonstrate how the process of mutual recognition makes visible and helps overcome the epistemic injustice suffered by victims of sexual harassment and sexual assault. I argue that in declaring “me too,” the epistemic subject emerges in the context of a polyphonic symphony of victims claiming their status as agents who are able to make sense of their own social experiences and able to convey their knowledge to others.
Misrecognition and Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Medina José
Published: June 2019

In this essay I argue that epistemic injustices can be understood and explained as social pathologies of recognition, and that this way of conceptualizing epistemic injustices can help us develop proper diagnostic and corrective treatments for them. I distinguish between two different kinds of recognition deficiency—quantitative recognition deficits and misrecognitions—and I ague that while the rectification of the former simply requires more recognition, the rectification of the latter calls for a shift in the mode of recognition, that is, a deep transformation of the recognition dynamics so that other forms of recognition can emerge. Arguing against incremental recognitional approaches that aim only at increasing social visibility/audibility, I examine communicative dysfunctions around the phenomenon of racist violence in order to show how problems of misrecognition persist and become recalcitrant even when quantitative recognition deficits disappear.
Epistemic Injustice and Recognition Theory: A New Conversation —Afterword
Authors: Fricker Miranda
Published: June 2019

The notion of recognition is an ethically potent resource for understanding human relational needs; and its negative counterpart, misrecognition, an equally potent resource for critique. Axel Honneth’s rich account focuses our attention on recognition’s role in securing basic self-confidence, moral self-respect, and self-esteem. With these loci of recognition in place, we are enabled to raise the intriguing question whether each of these may be extended to apply specifically to the epistemic dimension of our agency and selfhood. Might we talk intelligibly—while staying in tune with Honneth’s concepts and their Hegelian key—of a generic idea of epistemic recognition? Such an idea might itself be seen to apply at the same three levels to indicate: first, basic epistemic self-confidence; second, our status as epistemically responsible; and third, a certain epistemic self-esteem that reflects the epistemic esteem we receive from others. The papers in this volume surely sound a chord in the affirmative, and together they steer us towards a multifaceted conception of how epistemic injustice is related to epistemic misrecognition, and indeed how we might construe a positive relation of epistemic recognition.
Massimo Campanini. Averroes, the "Decisive Treatise". The Connection Between Islamic Religious Law and Philosophy. Edited with and Introduction by -. Gorgias Islamic Studies 7. Gorgias Press, 2017. ISBN 978-1-4632-0638-3.
Authors: Puig Montada Josep
Published: June 2019

REseña
Capital taxation efficiency of agricultural businesses in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Andrejovská Alena , Buleca Ján , Puliková Veronika
Published: June 2019

Effective tax rates are presented by indicators of the actual corporate tax burden, which take into account the impact of all the elements listed in the legislation. The submitted contribution explores the issue of effective taxation through effective average tax rates (EATRs) focusing on agricultural production enterprises. The analysis assessed the effect of changing the statutory tax rate (and other taxes and factors) on changing the effective average rate of capital. Taxation efficiency was monitored for selected intangible and tangible assets for 2004 and 2018. Analysis indicated a depreciation tax shield that tracked the amount of tax savings on capital investment as well as the economic rent of the project with taxation. The analysis showed that a 3% increase in the statutory rate over the reference period increased the effective average corporate rates for intangible assets by 13.35%, tangible assets by 14.25% and inventories by 16.63%. The highest annual tax saving was achieved in 2018 for tangible assets of â‚¬ 4,647.50, with a four-year return.
Weaving a Map of “Global” Empire: The Second-Century BCE Origins of Mediterraneanism
Authors: Davies Sarah H.
Published: June 2019

The debated term “Mediterranean” has been variously understood as a modern construct, a “politics of knowledge,” and/or a zone of community or conflict. This article argues that such polyvalence can be traced back to the second century BCE. During this period, and in Polybius' Histories, a teleological understanding of world power was evolving, one that labeled Rome as an inevitably superior focal point of a Mediterranean-centered “oikoumenē.” Geographic determinism combined with a language of cultural capital to weave a new map of the “inhabited world,” according to which “global” time and space unified along the spine of an “Our Sea.”
Normalization in a War Environment
Authors: Gottesfeld Dorit , Yitzhak Ronen
Published: June 2019

This article examines the Mandelbaum Gate, which delineated the border between Jerusalem's two parts from 1948 to 1967, and which was the only open border crossing between Israel and Jordan. By employing both literary texts and historical documents, the article sheds light on the new reality that the border crossing created between the two states. While the historical sources reveal mainly the political aspects of the Mandelbaum Gate, the literary sources illustrate the mood of the people and the effects of the gate on the human soul. Together, the two different types of sources reveal the important role of the Mandelbaum Gate in the creation of relative normalization between two hostile states in a war environment.
A Longitudinal Study of Alternatively Licensed Career and Technical Teachers
Authors: Zirkle Chris , Jeffery Jeremy , Shrewe Laine
Published: June 2019

Retaining qualified career and technical education teachers (CTE) is crucial to the continued supply and reduced demand of these types of teachers. Demographic data and emerging trends of CTE teachers were analyzed for those teachers who completed a summer workshop as part of alternative
licensure. Some of the emerging trends included shifts in retention rates during certain school years, years in which enrollment was highest for each gender, and changes in employment status within education. Conclusions and discussions derived from the study were a need for teacher educators
to become aware of a diverse classroom of alternative CTE teachers, CTE teachers completing continuing education and degree requirements, and legislative policies that impact retention rates.
Experiência de Consumo do Pokémon GO e Intenção de Compra
Authors: Senra Karin Borges , Vieira Francisco Giovanni David
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: O artigo explora como o uso do jogo Pokmon GO afeta a inteno de compra dos consumidores por meio de respostas originadas dessa experincia de consumo. Mtodo: Foi utilizado mtodo misto com a realizao de duas pesquisas com consumidores do jogo Pokmon GO, uma qualitativa, usando entrevistas semiestruturadas com 15 consumidores, e uma quantitativa, por meio de survey com 377 consumidores. Originalidade/Relevncia: A pesquisa se destaca ao explorar a experincia de consumo de jogos eletrnicos, especialmente em relao s respostas do jogo para o seu consumidor e sobre o impacto dessas respostas na inteno de compra dos jogadores, sobretudo externamente ao jogo. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que existem respostas da experincia de consumo do jogo, como nostalgia e identificao com o grupo. H, ainda, a inteno de compra para casos hipotticos em que empresas ou marcas se associem ao Pokmon GO, fornecendo benefcios aos jogadores. Esses resultados foram corroborados com relaes significativas entre as respostas do uso do jogo e a inteno de compra. Contribuies tericas/metodolgicas: O artigo amplia discusses sobre experincias de consumo e efeitos do uso de jogos nos consumidores. Contribui, tambm, com a literatura sobre o jogo Pokmon GO na explicao de como essas experincias auxiliam na formatao da realidade dos consumidores. Contribuies sociais / para a gesto: O artigo possibilita compreender a relao do consumidor com o consumo do jogo, auxiliando praticantes na construo de estratgias que permitam trazer experincias de consumo valorosas para o consumidor e fomentar o desempenho das empresas.
Beleza Materna: Mudanças no Self e no Consumo
Authors: Peixoto Amanna Ferreira , Mesquita Silva Patrícia Karla de , Abreu Nelsio Rodrigues de
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: identificar a percepo sobre corpo e sobre aparncia enquanto componentes do self de recm-mes e as suas prticas de consumo voltados beleza Metodologia: Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis mes de pelo menos uma criana com at dois anos de idade. Utilizou-se anlise de contedo com o uso de categorias temticas. Principais resultados: obteve-se que a viso do self at a ideia de self estendido das mulheres que se tornam mes so alteradas. As preferncias de compra e os cuidados com a beleza so colocados em segundo plano diante do cuidado com o filho e das demais atividades do lar e do trabalho. Verificou-se a cobrana ou a expectativa pela volta ao corpo antes da gestao por pessoas do convvio das mes, embora ocorra tambm a cobrana individual. Percebe-se que a aparncia requerida no processo da maternidade influenciada em alguma medida pelos padres e comportamentos de consumo exigidos pela sociedade no tocante mulher. Contribuies tericas: Este estudo contribui para o corpo de conhecimentos que envolve comportamento de consumo e self em suas diferentes transies ao longo da vida, aqui, especificamente, com recm-mes. Relevncia/originalidade: O estudo de mulheres mes um pblico pouco explorado na literatura. Elas so recorrentemente cobradas a seguir o padro de beleza legitimado socialmente, trazendo implicaes na sua autoestima e que vai, em alguma medida, influenciar no comportamento de consumo.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Czapla Alina
Published: June 2019

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is actually often in the center of attention. Human rights, labor standards, environmental protection or ethical market rules are becoming very actual issue in business. Large companies create and realize special strategies to implement this ideas. The sector of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is considered as less prepared to realize this goals. The aim of this article is to point out problems with CSR implementing in SMEs. This publication also highlights the possibility of resolving this problems by networking. The CSR strategy created by a leader of a network organization can be realized by partners – small and medium-sized enterprises
Uma proposição metodológica para análise de uma prática de aprendizagem e de um sistema sócio-técnico
Authors: Latoski Ariane , Bulgacov Yara Lúcia Mazziotti , Cunha Sieglinde Kindl da
Published: June 2019

This article aims to propose an analytical model and contribute to the methodology used to study the phenomenon of learning and innovation, through the appropriation of two theoretical-methodological models: cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) and socio-technical system (STS) theory. AIESEC (Association Internationale des Etudiants in Sciences Economiques et Commerciales) Curitiba was used as empirical field to expose such methodology.
Estilo de Consumo e Propensão ao Endividamento: evidências na Fronteira da Paz
Authors: Mendonça Flores Silvia Amélia , Bidarte Marcos Vinicius Dalagostini
Published: June 2019

This research has investigated behavioral factors and demographic variables in the propensity for debt in Santana do Livramento, Brazil and Rivera, Uruguay. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire with quantitative scales for the debt, materialism, perception and risk behavior and other profile issues. In relation to the debt, the central theme of the research, it is perceived that the respondents have submitted a more conservative behavior as it pertains to propensity to incur debts, presenting a high risk perception and a more conservative behavior risk. In relation to materialism, the respondents demonstrated a tendency to purchase goods to satisfy their wishes. This result can be associated with the profile of the Peace Border that occurs due to the diversity of imported products aligned to shopping tourism incentive. We also emphasize that aspects that can influence individuals in the propensity for debt are the 'perception of risk' and the demographic variable 'age'.This research has investigated behavioral factors and demographic variables in the propensity for debt in Santana do Livramento, Brazil and Rivera, Uruguay. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire with quantitative scales for the debt, materialism, perception and risk behavior and other profile issues. In relation to the debt, the central theme of the research, it is perceived that the respondents have submitted a more conservative behavior as it pertains to propensity to incur debts, presenting a high risk perception and a more conservative behavior risk. In relation to materialism, the respondents demonstrated a tendency to purchase goods to satisfy their wishes. This result can be associated with the profile of the Peace Border that occurs due to the diversity of imported products aligned to shopping tourism incentive. We also emphasize that aspects that can influence individuals in the propensity for debt are the 'perception of risk' and the demographic variable 'age'.
Elementos que a influenciam o processo de inovação em uma universidade pública brasileira
Authors: Rosa Wellington Luiz De Oliveira da , Maehler Alisson Eduardo
Published: June 2019

The aim of this qualitative study was to analyze the elements that influence the process of innovation management in a public university in southern Brazil. It was conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 questions to three groups: six university managers; six researchers with only scientific production (articles) and seven researchers with also technological production (patents). After transcribing the interviews, the content analysis was performed in MAXQDA 12 software (Verbi GmbH, Berlin, Germany). The lack of understanding of the legal part (17.6%) and bureaucratization in the transfer process (14.7%) were the most frequently reported difficulties in the process of technology transfer. After identifying the main elements of innovation management in a public university, we proposed a new model in which the research projects are developed in conjunction with the productive sector since the beggining of technological development. Public policies and management measures to facilitate the interaction between academia and the productive sector can facilitate technology transfer and, consequently, management of innovation.
Alguns comentários sobre o uso das construções do tipo dry wall no Brasil
Authors: Aversi-Ferreira Tales Alexandre
Published: June 2019

O Brasil é um país que tem herança na construção civil associada a Portugal com uso quase total de alvenaria, principalmente para a confecção de residências de pequeno e médio porte. Esse tipo de construção apresenta vários problemas associados ao desperdício de material, uso excessivo de água, planejamento e projeto muita vez inadequados, logo vai em desencontro com os ideais de sustentabilidade tão importante para a preservação do ambiente. Os modelos de construções a seco oferecem residências mais econômicas e sustentáveis, podendo ser usada para alterar os processos de construção para os processos de montagem que são mais rápidos e eficientes. Nesse artigo, discutiu-se sobre as vantagens e algumas desvantagens do uso dos sistemas de construção a seco, como o gesso acartonado, o steel frame e o wood frame, além de citar alguns possíveis motivos do atraso do uso abrangente dessas tecnologias no Brasil.
Comparação das metodologias enzimática e da fermentação de lactose para estimativa de coliformes em rio
Authors: Barcellos Demian da Silveira , Bollmann Harry Alberto
Published: June 2019

A quantificação de bactérias do grupo coliformes é utilizada mundialmente para a avaliação da qualidade das águas, mas, a metodologia utilizada para sua estimativa na maioria das vezes não tem sido considerada como um fator importante, apesar de estudos já sugerirem isso. Neste contexto, objetivo principal deste trabalho foi comparar as metodologias da fermentação de lactose em tubos múltiplos e do substrato enzimático (Colilert®), utilizadas para a estimativa de coliformes, a partir de amostras de águas superficiais com distintos graus de poluição. Para isso foram selecionadas duas bacias hidrográficas, a bacia do rio Belém em Curitiba/PR que é tipicamente urbana e a bacia do rio Nhundiaquara no trecho da serra do mar paranaense, no município de Morretes/PR. As análises bacteriológicas foram realizadas simultaneamente em laboratório a partir da mesma amostra de água. Os resultados apontaram que a técnica enzimática aparentemente é mais sensível que a da fermentação de lactose na estimativa de coliformes. Mostrando que a escolha da técnica para a determinação do NMP 100 mL-1 de coliformes pode variar a classe do rio perante a “condição de qualidade” (Resolução do CONAMA nº 357/05) das águas. O que pode tornar necessário a fixação de uma metodologia padrão para a avaliação do atendimento ao enquadramento dos corpos hídricos, no âmbito da qualidade bacteriológica.
Parques verdes urbanos: espaços de sensibilização ambiental e bem-estar social
Authors: Fernandes Karoline Matos , Higuchi Maria Inês Gasparetto
Published: June 2019

Os Parques Verdes Urbanos são espaços destinados à proteção do ambiente natural e bem-estar psicossocial para a população de grandes cidades. Diante dessas funções, esse estudo de caráter qualitativo, investigou os tipos de usos sociais e a percepção ambiental de frequentadores de um Parque Verde Urbano (PVU), na cidade de Manaus-AM. Participaram da pesquisa 30 adultos, a partir da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas logo após a visita ao parque. Os resultados apontam que as pessoas se deslocam para este espaço em busca de contato com a natureza, bem-estar e lazer. O estudo mostra que as percepções ambientais dos visitantes sobre o PVU evidenciam aspectos relacionados à sua atratividade, sentimentos de prazer e valorização da natureza além de despertar pensamentos relacionados à conservação da natureza. Constatou-se que a percepção ambiental dos visitantes incorpora de forma contundente aspectos ambientais que levam ao bem-estar e estes aspectos socioambientais dão suporte ao caráter de importância do PVU. Dessa forma, os espaços se configuram como instrumentos de sensibilização das pessoas para a proteção da natureza e espaços sociais de socialização.
Análise situacional da qualidade de água nas zonas de uma instalação piscícola no Ceará - Brasil
Authors: Sá Geny Gil , Gomes Diolande Ferreira , Freire George Satander Sá , Marinho Reynaldo Amorim
Published: June 2019

Os índices de qualidade da água têm sido frequentemente estudados como ferramentas gerenciais para tomada de decisões relativas aos recursos hídricos. Nesta perpectiva, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a variação dos índices de qualidade da água (IQA) e do estado trófico médio (IETm) nas áreas de influência de uma instalação de piscicultura familiar no reservatório Pereira de Miranda em Pentecoste, no Estado do Ceará. As coletas para as análises das variáveis físico-químicas e bacteriológicas foram realizadas em seis pontos de amostragens, nos períodos de estiagem e das chuvas. Por meio destas variáveis, o IQA e o IET foram estabelecidos para cada local, nos dois períodos de coleta. Os resultados classificaram a água como de boa qualidade em quase todos os pontos estudados. Isso sugere que a atividade de piscicultura praticada no açude não está comprometendo os múltiplos usos da água do reservatório. Por terem a facilidade de comunicação com o público não técnico através dos seus resultados, os índices podem ser replicados nas regiões com características semelhantes e cada vez melhorados nos estudos posteriores.
Systematic mapping of forensic psychiatry: discovering evolution, trends and current priorities
Authors: Aedma Kapil K , Waqas Ahmed , Naveed Sadiq , Meraj Hafsa , Tariq Maryam
Published: June 2019

The expansion of research in forensic neuropsychiatric practice has led to several developments with an interdisciplinary focus in legal systems and psychiatry around the globe. Given the dearth of scientometric analyses in this area, this article will help increase knowledge of publication trends in law and psychiatry, and will also highlight the scant attention given on forensic psychiatry research in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Web of Science (WoS) Network Analysis Interface for Literature Studies (NAILS) platform software was used to conduct statistical and Social Network Analysis (SNA) of citation records, in order to obtain journal rankings based on citations, popularity, and highly cited keywords. A total of 7184 articles were published through November, 2016 in the journals selected for analysis. These items were cited a total of 44,033 times in 25,286 articles and a total of 36,441 times without self-citations in 22,105 articles. The keywords cited most frequently in these journals were psychopathy, risk assessment, delinquency, recidivism, violence, sex offender, aggression, treatment, assessment, adolescents, offenders, prison, mental illness, homicide, prisoners, gender, rehabilitation, sexual offenders, meta-analysis, self-control, the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised, suicide, personality disorder, and forensic psychiatry. None of the most influential articles were published from LMICs, and funding opportunities were poor.