bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID vaccine and generation Z – a study of factors influencing adoption
Authors: Jose Saju
Published: August 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that affect Generation Z behavior in the adoption of the COVID-19 Vaccine.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative data was collected using 30 in-depth interviews from University students, using purposive sampling and the data was subjected to thematic analysis. The interview was done through the Zoom application.

Findings

The results reveal that the key variables that expedite the adoption process among Generation Z is Observability, Country of Origin, Brand and Word of mouth. Observability is the most influential variable, followed by word of mouth in the adoption of the vaccine. This study holds much importance to the marketers, to come up with carefully orchestrated campaigns to demonstrate the success of the vaccine, which could influence a faster rate of adoption.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to University students who belong to Generation Z, the studies on other demographic groups could reveal other interesting insights. A quantitative study examining the relationship of the adoption and other variables will conform to the results of the study.

Practical implications

The study will allow marketers to come up with effective promotion strategies to encourage the adoption of the COVID 19 vaccine. The emphasis should be given to triggering word of mouth and improving the observability of the effectiveness of the vaccine.

Social implications

The strategies to encourage the adoption of the vaccine could result in reducing the effects of pandemics and further spread of the virus.

Originality/value

This study holds much importance to the marketers to come up with carefully orchestrated campaigns to demonstrate the success of the vaccine, which could influence a faster rate of adoption. The study also contributes to the consumer behavior literature by addressing the existing research gap.
Within‐corridor heterogeneity is more important than corridor design for maintaining butterfly functional and taxonomic diversity
Authors: van Schalkwyk Julia , Gaigher René , Pryke James S. , Samways Michael J.
Published: August 2021

Local and landscape features influence the spatial distribution of biodiversity. At the landscape scale, heterogeneity has compositional and configurational components that can be measured at different resolutions of conservation planning.

We assess the importance of local and landscape features measured at different planning resolutions for maintaining taxonomic and functional butterfly diversity. In remnant conservation corridors that dissect alien tree plantations, butterflies were sampled along a gradient of successional stages, from open and recently burned grasslands to closed‐canopy woody habitats. Changes in local vegetation structure were represented by measures of canopy cover. At the landscape scale, compositional and configurational heterogeneity were measured at two resolutions: a simple binary classification of suitable habitat versus unsuitable transformed habitat, and a classification that accounts for the different successional stages within corridors (i.e. within‐corridor heterogeneity). Butterfly assemblages were characterized using taxonomic (Simpson's diversity index) and functional indices (Rao's quadratic entropy). The relationship between environmental filters and species traits was further assessed using multivariate modelling.

Taxonomic diversity did not reflect functional diversity, as the latter showed differential trait specific responses to local vegetation structure.

For both functional and taxonomic diversity, local and landscape variables representing within‐corridor heterogeneity were more important than landscape variables measured at the coarser planning resolution. Butterfly diversity showed a negative relationship with increasing edge density between grassy and woody habitats.

Synthesis and applications. To promote the taxonomic and functional dimensions of biodiversity, management should aim to maintain both open‐ and closed‐canopy habitats within corridors. These habitats should be contiguous, and corridors as wide as possible, to increase the patch size of contiguous habitat while reducing the proportion of edge.
Cardioprotective effects of the proline‐rich oligopeptide Bj‐PRO‐7a in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: de Jesus Érika Fernandes , Nunes Allancer Divino de Carvalho , Pontes Carolina Nobre Ribeiro , Macedo Larissa Matuda , Mendes Elizabeth Pereira , Ianzer Danielle Alves , da Costa Michael , Ghedini Paulo César , dos Santos Fernanda Cristina Alcantara , Biancardi Manoel Francisco , Castro Carlos Henrique
Published: August 2021

The proline‐rich oligopeptide from Bothrops jararaca snake venom, Bj‐PRO‐7a, promotes acute effects in blood pressure in hypertensive animals. However, the cardiac effects of this heptapeptide are completely unknown. Thus, we sought to evaluate whether the Bj‐PRO‐7a could protect against cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were treated with Bj‐PRO‐7a (71 nmol/kg/day, s.c.) or saline for 28 days. Wistar rats were used as control. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured by tail‐cuff plethysmography. Cardiomyocyte diameter and interstitial and perivascular fibrosis of the left ventricle (LV) were evaluated using Picrosirius staining. Immunofluorescence was used to detect collagen I and III. Fibroblast proliferation was assessed by immunohistochemistry to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Protein expression was assessed by western blot. The superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products were evaluated in the LV. The SBP and HR were not different between treated and non‐treated SHR at the end of the treatment. However, Bj‐PRO‐7a attenuated the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, deposition of interstitial and perivascular fibrosis and collagen I, and positive PCNA‐labelled fibroblasts. This peptide also reduced the increased levels of TBARS, expression and activity of catalase, and activity of SOD in LV from SHR. Also, the Bj‐PRO‐7a increased the expression of metalloproteinases‐2 in SHR hearts. These findings demonstrate that the Bj‐PRO‐7a reduced the pathological cardiac remodelling in a pressure‐independent manner in hypertensive rats through mechanisms mediated by oxidative stress regulation.
Infliximab therapy in parenchymal neuro‐Behçet’s disease: A single‐center experience
Authors: Yalcin Kehribar Demet , Gunaydin Serkan , Ozgen Metin
Published: August 2021

Background

Parenchymal neuro‐Behçet’s disease involvement is the most serious complication of Behçet's disease, and no sufficient data on its treatment exists. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of infliximab treatment in neuro‐Behçet’s disease patients with parenchymal involvement.

Materials and Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with Behçet's disease with parenchymal neurological involvement and underwent infliximab treatment for at least 12 months were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data of the patients were accessed through the electronic database of our hospital.

Results

This study comprises 19 patients who were diagnosed with neuro‐Behçet's disease and used infliximab: 12 male and 7 female patients. The mean age of the patients was 36.5 ± 11.7 years, and the diagnostic age was 26.3 ± 10.8 years. The duration of treatment with infliximab was 32.3 months (minimum 11, max 79). In the 19 patients receiving infliximab treatment, 11 (58%) patients achieved remission (complete disappearance of neurological symptoms) and 7 (37%) patients achieved disease stability (no new neurological findings); steroid treatments were discontinued for these 18 patients. In addition, only 5 patients were concomitantly taking immunosuppressive drugs with the infliximab. Infliximab was discontinued after the development of a new parenchymal attack in the 9th month of infliximab treatment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, parenchymal neurological involvement in Behçet's disease is an important cause of disability, and no sufficient data exists in literature on its treatment. The results of our study suggest that infliximab treatment was effective and safe in neuro‐Behçet’s disease parenchymal involvement for preventing long‐term neurological attacks and discontinuing corticosteroid treatment.
Computed tomography‐guided microwave ablation for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer patients with and without adjacent lobe invasion: A comparative study
Authors: Xu Sheng , Bie Zhi‐Xin , Li Yuan‐Ming , Li Bin , Guo Run‐Qi , Li Xiao‐Guang
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of the study was to explore the outcomes of computed tomography‐guided microwave ablation (MWA) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with adjacent lobe invasion (ALI), and to compare the outcomes of ALI‐NSCLC and non‐ALI NSCLC patients after MWA.

Methods

A total of 319 NSCLC patients and 366 tumors treated with MWA were included in the study, comprising 34 ALI‐NSCLC patients and 285 non‐ALI NSCLC patients. Complications, local recurrence rates, progression‐free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the correlation between ALI and the occurrence of pneumothorax after MWA.

Results

The mean tumor diameter of ablated tumors was 3.6 ± 2.2 cm. There were 95 (29.8%) NSCLC patients in which pneumothorax occurred after MWA, and all patients recovered. Of these, the ALI group had a significantly higher incidence rate of pneumothorax than the non‐ALI group (52.9% vs. 27.0%, p = 0.002). The median PFS and OS for the ALI group were 12.0 ± 10.2 and 15.5 ± 9.5 months, respectively, and that of the non‐ALI group were 13.0 ± 10.6 and 17.0 ± 11.1 months, respectively, and no significant difference was found in PFS (p = 0.329) nor OS (p = 0.394) between the two groups. Local recurrence rates for ALI and non‐ALI groups were 29.4% and 20.7%, respectively, and no significant difference was found (p = 0.244). Logistic regression analyses revealed that ALI can increase the risk of pneumothorax (hazard ratio [HR], 2.867; p = 0.012).

Conclusions

MWA is an effective and safe approach for ALI‐NSCLC treatment. Although ALI can increase the risk of pneumothorax, ALI‐NSCLC patients reveal a comparable outcome to non‐ALI NSCLC patients after MWA.
Estimating expansion of the range of oak processionary moth (Thaumetopoea processionea) in theUKfrom 2006 to 2019
Authors: Suprunenko Yevhen F. , Castle Matthew D. , Webb Cerian R. , Branson Julia , Hoppit Andrew , Gilligan Christopher A.
Published: August 2021

The expansion of oak processionary moth (OPM) in South‐East England continues despite ongoing efforts to control the pest since its introduction in 2006.

Using locations of OPM larval nests, supplied by the Forestry Commission and recorded as part of ongoing surveillance and control measures from 2006 onwards, we show that the expansion of the range of OPM in South‐East England up to 2019 was biphasic with a higher rate of expansion from 2015 onwards.

The maximum rate of OPM range expansion in the United Kingdom from 2006 to 2014 was estimated as 1.66 km/year (95% CI = [1.22, 2.09]), whereas the 2015–2019 expansion rate was estimated as 6.17 km/year (95% CI = [5.49, 6.84]). This corresponds to an estimated species range distribution area of 7077 km2in 2019.

To explain the faster expansion of OPM range from 2015 onwards, we discuss potential reasons that include: natural capability of species of both short‐ and long‐distance dispersal; external factors such as environmental heterogeneity; a reduction of active control.
Real world outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Parsonson Andrew Ohyama , Connolly Elizabeth , Lee Mark , Hruby George , Sandroussi Charbel , Merrett Neil , Samra Jaswinder , Mittal Anubhav , Tse Regina , Grimison Peter
Published: August 2021

Background

Neoadjuvant therapy may increase the likelihood of complete (R0) resection for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. The optimal approach is unknown and differs amongst treatment centres.

Methods

We identified patients with biopsy‐proven borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma who commenced neoadjuvant therapy between January 2012 and June 2019 at three centres in Sydney, Australia. Patterns of care and outcomes of varying approaches were examined.

Results

Forty‐eight patients were identified. Median age was 66 years (range: 41–84). Staging included endoscopic ultrasound in 98%, PET‐CT scan in 77%, laparoscopy in 46%. Neoadjuvant regimens used were a combination of chemotherapy and chemo‐radiation (58%), chemotherapy alone (13%) and chemoradiation alone (29%). Radiologic complete or partial response occurred in 33% and progression in 25%. Complete macroscopic surgical resection was achieved in 50%, and R0 resection in 38%. At median follow‐up of 15 months, the 1‐year and 2‐year overall survival was 75% and 63% respectively, and the 1‐year and 2‐year progression‐free survival was 50% and 29% respectively. Significant predictors of macroscopic resectability were radiologic response (p = 0.005) but not addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy (OR 0.87, p = 0.81). Predictors of overall survival included baseline Ca19.9 level (p = 0.04) and a trend to the use of systemic chemotherapy (HR 0.51, p = 0.07), but not use of radiotherapy (HR 0.70, p = 0.47).

Conclusion

There is high variability in staging and neoadjuvant approaches for borderline resectable pancreas cancer. Despite aggressive neoadjuvant therapies, R0 resection and prolonged survival are uncommon. The incremental benefit of neoadjuvant radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not demonstrated in this observational study.
Prophylactic versus reactive percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing radical radiotherapy
Authors: Thirayan Varun , Jameson Michael Barrett , Gregor Reinhold Theophilus
Published: August 2021

Background

Radiotherapy (RT) for oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) is associated with malnutrition due to treatment‐related mucositis and dysphagia. While percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding can improve nutrition, it has acute and late complications, including dependence on PEG feeding. We retrospectively evaluated patient outcomes by whether gastrostomy placement was prophylactic (P‐G) or reactive to RT complications (R‐G).

Methods

Retrospective analysis of OPSCC patients undergoing curative‐intent RT at Waikato Hospital between 2010 and 2015.

Results

Of 103 OPSCC patients treated with RT (+/− chemotherapy) 21 had P‐G, 15 had R‐G and 67 had none (No‐G). P‐G patients were significantly more likely to be female, older, have higher tumour stage and receive bilateral RT (all p < 0.05). P‐G and No‐G patients had similar rates and duration of hospital admission for complications during treatment, but both were significantly less than in R‐G patients (admission rates 52.3%, 49.3% and 86.7%, and mean length of stay 3.5, 3.3 and 11.9 days, respectively; p < 0.001). R‐G patients also had greater RT treatment delays than P‐G or No‐G patients (mean 1.1, 0.7 and 0.4 days, respectively, p < 0.05). No significant differences were noted between groups in PEG dependence or weight change during, or 1, 3 or 6 months after, RT. Weight loss was not significantly different with P‐G than R‐G despite more frequent use of bilateral RT fields in the former group.

Conclusions

P‐G placement affords shorter and less frequent hospital admissions than R‐G during RT for OPSCC, with no increased complications or gastrostomy‐dependence rates.
The doctor will see you now: eye gaze, conversation and patient engagement in the surgical outpatient clinic. An Australian observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ting Ying Yang , Reid Jessica L. , Treloar Ellie , Lee Wei Shan Bobby , Tee Jeeng Yeeng , Cong Wen Jing Phoebe , Peng Dangyi , Edwards Suzanne , Ey Jesse , Edwardes Nicholas , Granchi Nelson , Maddern Guy J.
Published: August 2021

Background

Surgical outpatient consultations are demanding for the surgeon and patients without a definite formula for success. Various factors have been identified regarding factors that influence patient satisfaction and engagement. We aimed to examine the modern‐day surgical outpatient consultation and report on these factors.

Methods

An observational cross‐sectional study was performed by reviewing video recordings of 182 surgical consultations by 12 surgeons at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, South Australia, Australia.

Results

The mean consultation time was 12.3 min, with pre‐surgical consultations being the longest. There were 107 consultations for benign conditions (58%). Proportionally, the consultant spoke most (51.9% of total consultation time), followed by the patient (19.5%) and then companion (8.2%). Forty‐eight (26.4%) patients brought a companion to the clinic but monopolisation of the consultation by the companion was rare. When a companion was present, there was more mutual eye gaze between the consultant and the patient. Interruptions were present in 23.6% of consultations and were associated with a significant increase of the length of the consultation. Table positioning did not seem to affect the dynamics of the outpatient consultation.

Conclusion

Companions are highly valuable for promoting patient engagement and their presence should be encouraged in surgical outpatients. Interruptions should be kept to a minimum to avoid unnecessary delays. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the effect of companions, interruptions and table positioning during a consultation on patient outcomes.
Not just a tragic compromise: The positive case for adolescent access to puberty‐blocking treatment
Authors: Wenner Danielle M. , George B. R.
Published: August 2021

Within bioethics as well as in broader clinical practice, support for transgender and gender‐questioning adolescent access to pubertal suppression has often relied heavily on the desire to prevent risky, self‐destructive, and suicidal behavior. We argue that framing justifications for access to puberty suppression in this way can actually be harmful to both individual patients as well as to the broader trans population. This justification for access to care makes such access precarious, limits its scope, and introduces perverse incentives to the patient population that is being served. We go on to offer an alternative, positive defense of access to puberty‐blocking treatment for transgender youth grounded in the child's right to an open future. We argue that decisions related to pubertal suppression are both importantly weighty and potentially irreversible, and show why this justification is preferable to so‐called “informed consent” approaches.
A maternity care home model of enhanced prenatal care to reduce preterm birth rate and NICU use
Authors: Masten Yondell , Song Huaxin , Esperat Christina R. , McMurry Linda J.
Published: August 2021

Background

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) funded 182 US health care sites to reduce preterm birth rates by enhancing prenatal care for at‐risk women. As a funded site, the enhanced prenatal care maternity care home (MCH) model was implemented from 2013 to 2018 for 1042 Medicaid‐eligible pregnant women.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated the impact of enhanced services on preterm birth risk reduction. Certified community health workers provided enhanced services from enrollment through six weeks postpartum. Participants attending enhanced intake and third‐trimester prenatal visits comprised the Active Group (N = 632). Participants missing third‐trimester visits, but participating in enhanced intake and postpartum visits, comprised the Inactive Group (N = 128). Lost Group participants attended only intake visits (N = 282). Data were collected through CMS‐developed intake, third‐trimester, postpartum, and exit forms. Descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, and the chi‐square tests analyzed the impact of risk factors, participant characteristics, and program participation on birth outcomes.

Results

Active Group compared with Inactive and Lost Group participants experienced significantly lower preterm birth rates (7.64% vs 22.48% and 15.82%,P < 0.001) and therefore a significantly lower NICU admission rate compared with Inactive and Lost Groups (2.82% vs 11.85% and 5.47%,P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The MCH model of enhanced prenatal care reduced preterm birth and NICU admission rates for Active Group participants. The Black Active Group participant preterm birth rate was not significantly different than other Active Group rates, but was lower than Black Inactive and Lost Group rates.
Beyond counting words: A paradigm shift for the study of language acquisition
Authors: Masek Lillian R. , Ramirez Alexus G. , McMillan Brianna T. M. , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick
Published: August 2021

The 30‐million‐word gap, the quantified difference in the amount of speech that children growing up in low‐resourced homes hear compared to their peers from high‐resourced homes, is a phrase that has entered the collective consciousness. In the discussion of quantity, the complex and nuanced environments in which children learn language were distilled into a singular metric—number of words. In this article, we propose examining children’s language environments by focusing on what caregivers communicate to children and how they communicate it. Focusing on the features of the language environment promotes a more inclusive approach to understanding how children learn and the diverse contexts in which that learning occurs.
Social relationships and children’s perceptions of adversity
Authors: Smith Karen E. , Pollak Seth D.
Published: August 2021

Having sensitive, contingent, and supportive social relationships has been linked to more positive outcomes after experiences of early childhood adversity. Traditionally, social relationships are construed as moderators that buffer children from the effects of exposure to adverse events. However, recent data support an alternative view: that supportive social relationships influence children’s later outcomes by shaping their perceptions of safety and stress, regardless of the particular events to which children are exposed. This perspective has implications for understanding vulnerability and resilience in children.
The pubertal stress recalibration hypothesis: Potential neural and behavioral consequences
Authors: DePasquale Carrie E. , Herzberg Max P. , Gunnar Megan R.
Published: August 2021

Recent research has suggested that the pubertal period provides an opportunity for recalibrating the stress‐responsive systems in youth whose responses to stress have been altered by early adversity. Such recalibration may have cascading effects that affect brain and behavioral development. In this article, we consider a large, cross‐species literature to demonstrate the potential importance of pubertal stress recalibration for understanding the development of psychopathology following early deprivation by caregivers. We review the evidence for recalibration of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis in humans, examine research on rodents that has established mechanisms through which stress hormones affect brain structure and function, and summarize the literature on human neuroimaging to assess how these mechanisms may translate into changes in human behavior. Finally, we suggest ideas for elucidating the consequences of pubertal stress recalibration that will improve our understanding of adaptive and maladaptive adolescent behavior following early adversity.
Advancing developmental intergroup perspectives on social class
Authors: Mistry Rashmita S. , Elenbaas Laura , Griffin Katherine M. , Nenadal Lindsey , Yassine Asil
Published: August 2021

Recent research has contributed to developmental scientists’ understanding of how children and adolescents reason about social class in relation to themselves, others, and their economic, social, and cultural world. To advance developmental intergroup perspectives on social class, in this article, we (1)definesocial class, (2) evaluate whether the evidence about social classalignswith key predictions from developmental intergroup theory (DIT) and social identity development theory (SIDT), (3) outline how complementary insights from DIT and SIDT can beintegratedto describe and explain developing concepts of social class, and (4) highlight what isuniqueabout social class andadditional considerationsimportant to the study of social class that developmental intergroup researchers need to consider. In each section, we emphasize strengths and limitations of the research and offers suggestions for ongoing research.
Forecasting habitat and connectivity for pronghorn across the Great Basin ecoregion
Authors: Zeller Katherine A. , Schroeder Cody A. , Wan Ho Yi , Collins Gail , Denryter Kristin , Jakes Andrew F. , Cushman Samuel A.
Published: August 2021

Aims

In the sagebrush ecosystems of the western United States, identifying and enhancing habitat for large ungulates has become an increased priority for many management agencies, as indicated by Department of Interior Secretarial Order 3362. Estimating and understanding current and future habitat suitability and connectivity is important for successful long‐term management of these species.

Location

Great Basin ecoregion, western USA.

Methods

We focussed on pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Great Basin ecoregion and used a variety of data sources (GPS telemetry, aerial surveys, observation locations) to develop multi‐scale ensemble habitat suitability models for the current and two future time steps (years 2050 and 2070). We also developed dynamic resistant kernels to model pronghorn connectivity. We combined the habitat suitability and connectivity outputs to derive and quantify changes in pronghorn habitat networks through time as well as identify areas that are resilient to climate and land use change.

Results

We observed a 33.4% decline in highly suitable pronghorn habitat by 2070, assuming a high carbon emission scenario. Patches of suitable habitat reduced in number and size, whilst the distance amongst patches increased, indicating elevated importance of connectivity for pronghorn in the future. Future connectivity decreased to a greater degree than habitat suitability (47.2%–80.0%, depending on the pronghorn movement threshold used). We also found highly suitable habitat (70%) to be more resilient to climate change than areas of connectivity (10%–15%).

Main conclusions

Our results show a loss of high‐quality pronghorn habitat and areas of connectivity with projected climate change. Connectivity was more sensitive than habitat, indicating connectivity may become a limiting factor for pronghorn populations in the Great Basin. These results can help managers prioritize resource investments and conservation efforts in areas most likely to be successful towards long‐term pronghorn conservation.
Family‐focused therapy for individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis: A confirmatory efficacy trial
Authors: Miklowitz David J. , Addington Jean M. , O'Brien Mary P. , Denenny Danielle M. , Weintraub Marc J. , Zinberg Jamie L. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle S. , Stone William S. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Woods Scott W. , Sugar Catherine A. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: August 2021

Aims

Young people with attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS), brief intermittent psychosis, and/or genetic risk and functional deterioration are at high risk for developing psychotic disorders. In a prior trial, family‐focused therapy for clinical high risk youth (FFT‐CHR) was more effective than brief psychoeducation in reducing APS severity over 6 months. This 7‐site trial will compare the efficacy of FFT‐CHR to a psychoeducational and supportive intervention (enhanced care) on APS and social functioning in CHR individuals over 18 months.

Methods

Participants (N = 220, ages 13–25 years) with a CHR syndrome will be randomly assigned to FFT‐CHR (18 1‐h sessions of family psychoeducation and communication/problem‐solving skills training) or enhanced care (3 1‐h family psychoeducational sessions followed by 5 individual support sessions), both given over 6 months. Participants will rate their weekly progress during treatment using a mobile‐enhanced online platform. Family communication will be assessed in a laboratory interactional task at baseline and post‐treatment. Independent evaluators will assess APS (primary outcome) and psychosocial functioning (secondary outcome) every 6 months over 18 months.

Results

We hypothesize that, compared to enhanced care, FFT‐CHR will be associated with greater improvements in APS and psychosocial functioning over 18 months. Secondarily, improvements in family communication over 6 months will mediate the relationship between treatment condition and primary and secondary outcomes over 18 months. The effects of FFT‐CHR are predicted to be greater in individuals with higher baseline risk for psychosis conversion.

Conclusions

Results of the trial will inform treatment guidelines for individuals at high risk for psychosis.
Presidential Address* and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2021
Authors:   The Rt. Hon. the Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Published: August 2021

In the Society’s second virtual AGM, the President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), The Rt. Hon. the Baroness Chalker of Wallasey, reflected on her final year in office and hopes for the future. She specifically noted the need for combined efforts to tackle climate change in ways that involve geographers and non‐geographers alike. The President also drew out some lessons from her own experiences, applying them to the COP26 conference in Glasgow (2021), as well as other global challenges that will require geography and geographers to play a key role.
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards 2021
Authors:   The Rt. Hon. the Baroness Chalker of Wallasey
Published: August 2021

The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) awards medals and awards annually to recognise achievements in relation to geographical research, teaching, and communication. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the celebration of the 2021 Medal and Awards did not occur at the Society’s online AGM. Recipients were announced to Fellows and members and online. The awards ceremony will be postponed until a later date in 2021.This paper provides a list of the recipients of medals and awards.
The Resurrection and God's Eschatological Justification: On a Secondary Strand of Karl Barth's Theology of the Resurrection
Authors: Kelly Declan
Published: August 2021

This article considers the significance of the resurrection in the soteriology of Karl Barth. While Barth has rightly been associated with an understanding of the resurrection centred around the concepts of ‘declaration’ and ‘revelation’, this article explores an often overlooked secondary strand in Barth's theologia resurrectionis centred around the concepts of ‘redemption’ and ‘justice’. With a view of the ‘three‐agent’ character of the soteriology developed in §59.2–3, it will be demonstrated that this second strand of Barth's theology of the resurrection can fund an account of salvation as a reality completed not in the crucifixion of Christ but in God's new, eschatological act of raising Christ from the dead.
FICTION WORKS: Cultural ideas and the design of industrial relations systems in Britain and Denmark
Authors: Martin Cathie Jo
Published: August 2021

This paper explores how cultural work contributes to differences in coordinated and liberal industrial relations systems. Quantitative text analyses show profound and systematic differences between coordinated Denmark and liberal Britain in depictions of labour, skills, coordination and the role of government in large corpora of fictional works between 1700 and 1920. The analysis expands our notions about how ideas contribute to the employment relationship and to the defense against liberalization in the post‐industrial economy.
It’s not what you do, it’s why you do it: Motives for disclosure and concealment decisions among employees with depression
Authors: Follmer Kayla B. , Jones Kisha S.
Published: August 2021

This multi‐method study examined disclosure decisions made by employees with depression as well as their motives for those decisions. In Study 1, we conducted in‐depth interviews with employees who had been diagnosed with depression to better understand why they chose to disclose or conceal their depression at work. Based on the results of the interviews, both approach and avoid motives for disclosure and concealment emerged in the analysis. Further, these motives were influenced by multiple organizational factors including social support, stigma, and diversity climate. In Study 2, we developed and validated a scale to measure approach and avoid motives for disclosure and concealement. In Study 3, we tested approach and avoid motives as mediators of the relationships between organizational factors and employee outcomes (i.e., engagement and presenteeism). We tested our model among 223 working adults with depression. Our results provided support for the hypothesized relationships among those who disclosed but not those who concealed, suggesting that when employees disclosed for approach reasons they were more likely to be engaged, and when they disclosed for avoid reasons they were more likely to engage in presenteeism. These findings provide both theoretical and practical contributions to the study of concealable identity management and to employees with mental illness.
Histological differences between lumbar and tail intervertebral discs in mice
Authors: Brendler Jana , Winter Karsten , Lochhead Paul , Schulz Angela , Ricken Albert Markus
Published: August 2021

Both the lumbar and tail intervertebral discs (IVD) of mice serve as models for the pathogenesis and histologic progression of degenerative disc disease. Recent studies in mature mice, however, demonstrate that the mechanics and physical attributes of lumbar and tail IVD‐endplate (EP)‐interfaces are strikingly different. We hypothesized that these structural disparities are associated with differences in the composition and organization of soft tissue elements that influence the biomechanical properties of the spine. Lumbar and tail vertebral segments and discs were collected from the same C57BL/6N and C57BL/6JRj mice, respectively for histological comparison of coronal sections at the ages of 4 weeks (weaned, both strains, C57BL/6N: n = 7; C57BL/6JRj: n = 4), three (mature, C57BL/6N: n = 7; C57BL/6JRj: n = 4), twelve (middle aged, C57BL/6JRj only: n = 3) and eighteen (old, C57BL/6JRj only: n = 3) months old. The histology of lumbar and tail IVD‐EP‐interfaces of mature mice differed markedly. The lumbar IVD‐EP‐interphase was characterized by a broad cartilaginous EP, while the tail IVD‐EP‐interphase comprised a thin layer of cartilage cells adjacent to a broad bony layer abutting the vertebral growth plate. Furthermore, the composition of the nuclei pulposi (NP) of lumbar and tail IVD in mature mice differed greatly. Lumbar NP consisted of a compact cluster of mainly large, uni‐vacuolated cells centered in an amorphous matrix, while tail NP were composed of a loose aggregate of vacuolated and non‐vacuolated cells. The anuli fibrosi also differed, with more abundant and sharply defined lamellae in tail compared to lumbar discs. The observed histological differences in the EP were even most prominent in weaned mice but were still discernible in middle‐aged and old mice. An appreciation of the histological differences between lumbar and tail IVD components in mice, including nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and endplates, is essential to our understanding of spinal biomechanics in these animals and should inform the design and interpretation of future IVD‐studies.
Access and attitudinal barriers to engagement in integrated primary care mental health treatment for rural populations
Authors: Newman Mark W. , Hawrilenko Matt , Jakupcak Matthew , Chen Shiyu , Fortney John C.
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Compared to urban areas, rural populations are less likely to engage in mental health care. Using data from the Study to Promote Innovation in Rural Integrated Telepsychiatry, we examined the effect of rurality on engagement in mental health treatment as well as the role of potential mediators.

Methods

Data were obtained from medical records and surveys. We defined rurality using the rural‐urban commuting area codes. Baseline mediators included the Endorsed and Anticipated Stigma Inventory and the Assessment of Perceived Access to Care. Engagement outcomes included number of psychotherapy visits and self‐reported medication use. We used path analysis to examine the relationship between rurality and engagement and the influence of mediating variables.

Findings

Rural participants were less likely to initiate psychotherapy (OR = 0.49;adjusted P= .036), although rurality was not associated with number of psychotherapy sessions or medication use. Rurality was associated with a small elevation in negative beliefs about mental health, but this potential mediator was not associated with engagement. Rurality was negatively associated with lower perceived need for treatment (OR = 0.67,adjusted P= .040), which was in turn positively associated with initiating psychotherapy (OR = 1.99,adjusted P= .001).

Conclusions

Neither rurality itself nor the potential mediators had a large effect on engagement. Federally Qualified Health Centers offering colocated and/or integrated mental health care appear to be mostly mitigating rural‐urban disparities in mental health engagement. Improving rates of psychotherapy initiation for rural patients should remain a policy goal.
Rheological properties and interactions of fish gelatin–κ‐carrageenan polyelectrolyte hydrogels: The effects of salt
Authors: Tong Lu , Kang Xinzi , Fang Qi , Yang Wenge , Cen Shijie , Lou Qiaoming , Huang Tao
Published: August 2021

This study mainly explored the effects of low‐concentration salts (0.1, 0.5 mM NaCl and Na2SO4) on the gel, rheological and structural properties of fish gelatin (FG)–κ‐carrageenan (κC) polyelectrolyte hydrogels. The results showed that κC could increase the gel strength, hardness, and chewiness of the FG–κC polyelectrolyte hydrogels, while the addition of salts had a negative effect. The rheological behaviors showed that the addition of salts reduced the apparent viscosity, gel, and melting points of the FG–κC polyelectrolyte hydrogels. Compared with NaCl, Na2SO4‐treated FG–κC had lower gel strength, hardness, viscosity, gelation, and melting points, while the addition of salts increased the fluorescence intensity by unfolding FG molecules. The secondary structure analysis results showed that the addition of NaCl and Na2SO4 decreased α‐helix and β‐sheet contents of FG–κC by destroying the hydrogen bond of FG–κC.
Yea or nay to artificial intelligence? More questions than answers under Malaysian copyright law
Authors: Sik Cheng Peng
Published: August 2021

The development of artificial intelligence draws heavily on training data which may be comprised of copyright works. Utilization of copyright works as such raises questions on copyright infringement as well as the possibilities of the usage being excused under the existing law. There are also concerns with respect to accessing copyright works in digital formats that are commonly protected by digital rights management tools. Restrictions on such usage may hamper the research and development of artificial intelligence applications. This paper examines the said issues with specific focus on first, the applicability of a seemingly Americanized fair dealing exception to copyright infringement under the Malaysian Copyright Act 1987; and second, the exceptions to legal protection of digital rights management. In doing so, the paper studies the existing models of the United States, United Kingdom, and the European Union. It ends with suggestions as to how copyright law may respond to the emerging needs and provide adequate latitude with the aim to promote research and development of artificial intelligence which would ultimately benefit the public at large.
Morphology control in crystalline nanoparticle–polymer aggregates
Authors: Bian Tong , Klajn Rafal
Published: August 2021

Self‐assembly of nanoparticles can be mediated by polymers, but has so far led almost exclusively to nanoparticle aggregates that are amorphous. Here, we employed Coulombic interactions to generate a range of composite materials from mixtures of charged nanoparticles and oppositely charged polymers. The assembly behavior of these nanoparticle/polymer composites depends on their order of addition: polymers added to nanoparticles give rise to stable aggregates, but nanoparticles added to polymers disassemble the initially formed aggregates. The amorphous aggregates were transformed into crystalline ones by transiently increasing the ionic strength of the solution. The morphology of the resulting crystals depended on the length of the polymer: short polymer chains mediated the self‐assembly of nanoparticles into strongly faceted crystals, whereas long chains led to pseudospherical nanoparticle/polymer assemblies, within which the crystalline order of nanoparticles was retained.
Disciplining Student Activism: Secondary Schools as Sites of Resistance and Control in Hong Kong*
Authors: Tong Kin‐long , Yuen Samson
Published: August 2021

Throughout history, student activism has been a powerful force in promoting social and political changes. During the process, schools—serving in part as an institution of social control—often become a site of contestation, where student activists may clash with the school authorities when mobilizing their peers and fighting for protest goals. Focusing on Hong Kong’s Anti‐Extradition Bill Movement, which saw extensive participation among secondary school students, this article examines how secondary schools in a non‐democratic context dealt with campus protests and how student activists negotiated space for dissent. Based on an on‐site survey on student protesters and semi‐structured interviews with teachers and student activists, we demonstrate how schools attempted to de‐politicize the campus through spontaneously expanding their “hidden curriculum,” particularly by creating and repurposing school rules in the face of mounting student activism. In turn, progressive teachers and students developed innovative tactics to negotiate or circumvent these ad hoc school rules. Our findings contribute to the field of sociology of education and contentious politics by exploring the politics of school rules and the complex relationship between schools, teachers, and students during social movements.
A Internet das coisas como recurso interativo na aprendizagem: Benefícios percebidos por discentes de Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Garcia da Matta Alcir Junior , Gonçalves Fernandes Carla Milena , Betti Frare Anderson , Costa Quintana Alexandre
Published: August 2021

A tecnologia, principalmente no âmbito contábil, está mudando a forma como produzimos, trabalhamos, estudamos e nos relacionamos. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o efeito da preocupação com a Internet das Coisas na aprendizagem e nos benefícios percebidos por estudantes do curso de Ciências Contábeis em uma Universidade Pública Federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de surveys e analisados com Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados apontam que o envolvimento dos estudantes é um fator chave para a preocupação com a Internet das Coisas na aprendizagem, e isto influencia os benefícios percebidos por eles. Ademais, o número de serviços de Internet das Coisas e a compatibilidade percebida também influenciam significativamente os benefícios percebidos pelos estudantes. O estudo contribui teoricamente ao enumerar os antecedentes dos benefícios percebidos pelos docentes e, principalmente, pelos discentes.
Procedimiento para la contabilización de costos medioambientales en las empresas que realizan inversiones en el sector de la construcción
Authors: Laguna Sánchez Celia Caridad , Sánchez Arencibia Alba , Laguna Cruz Jorge Alejandro 
Published: August 2021

Este artículo de investigación responde a la necesidad identificada de contabilizar los costos medioambientales para contribuir a la gestión de la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales y con ello preservar el medio ambiente. El objetivo del artículo es diseñar un procedimiento para la contabilización de costos medioambientales en las empresas que realizan inversiones en el sector de la construcción. Para ello se realiza una investigación explicativa que permite proponer un procedimiento que relaciona el análisis del ciclo de vida con indicadores para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales y los costos medioambientales en la fase de ejecución del proceso inversionista en Cuba. El procedimiento diseñado es una herramienta novedosa para la contabilidad de gestión medioambiental que permite la comprensión, explicación e interpretación de los costos medioambientales, así como generar información pertinente para la toma de decisiones sobre la sostenibilidad de los recursos naturales.
Relação entre estrutura de capital e estrutura de propriedade em empresas brasileiras: Trade-Off Decision Analysis
Authors: Silva Haussmann Darclê Costa Silva Haussmann , Vogt Mara , Hein Nelson , Kroenke Hein Adriana
Published: August 2021

Este estudo analisou a relação entre a estrutura de capital e a estrutura de propriedade das empresas brasileiras dos setores de metalurgia e siderurgia. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por todas as empresas dos setores de metalurgia e siderurgia disponíveis na BM&FBovespa, no período de 2011 a 2015. A estrutura de capital foi mensurada a partir das variáveis de endividamento a curto prazo, a longo prazo e total. Para a estrutura de propriedade foram utilizados os cinco maiores acionistas em quantidade total de participação. Os grupos foram comparados por meio de rankings utilizando-se o método multicritério Trade-Off Decision Analysis (T-ODA). Os resultados mostram que no ranking geral as empresas apresentaram posições diferentes, quando comparado o ranking da estrutura de capital com o ranking da estrutura de propriedade. Pode se inferir, por tanto, que a estrutura de capital e a estrutura de propriedade não estão associadas. Igualmente, mostra-se que o grau de endividamento não tem relação com a principal posição acionária das empresas, podendo inclusive seguir em direções opostas.
Evaluating Assessment in MOOCs
Authors: Agudo-Arroyo Yolanda , Callejo-Gallego Javier
Published: August 2021

Este artículo analiza determinantes de la evaluación por pares. Presenta los resultados de encuestas online destinadas a evaluar cursos MOOC. Se centra en determinantes de tal evaluación, como la experiencia concreta durante el curso o aspectos externos, aplicando análisis multivariante de regresión logística binaria. Los resultados de 1037 encuestados muestran las dudas sobre este sistema de evaluación desde la relación entre expectativas y experiencias obtenidas en el curso que se ha seguido, la relación con los principios del modelo de aprendizaje, aspectos concretos de los contenidos y el diseño de los cursos, y las características de los estudiantes.
Single-cell analysis reveals divergent responses of human dendritic cells to the MVA vaccine
Authors: Döring Marius , De Azevedo Kevin , Blanco-Rodriguez Guillermo , Nadalin Francesca , Satoh Takeshi , Gentili Matteo , Lahaye Xavier , De Silva Nilushi S. , Conrad Cécile , Jouve Mabel , Centlivre Mireille , Lévy Yves , Manel Nicolas
Published: August 2021

Infected and noninfected bystander dendritic cells have distinct roles in the response to the vaccine vector MVA.