bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocomposites of aluminum alloy-MoSi2: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Sameezadeh Mahmood , Farhangi Hassan , Emamy Masoud
Published: November 2014

Nanocomposites of AA 2024 aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with nano-sized MoSi2 particles were produced using mechanical alloying method followed by cold and hot pressing. Phase stability analysis, hardness, and room temperature compression tests of the composites were performed. In addition, absorb energy calculation and fracture behavior evaluation of the compression test specimens were carried out. The results indicated that the composite constituents exhibit good stability during the high temperature processing. The hardness and compressive strength of the composites show a steady increase for nano-sized MoSi2 particle contents up to 3 vol.% and exceed values of 150 HB and 800 MPa, respectively followed by a small drop at higher contents, most probably due to the particle agglomeration. Fractographic investigations of compression test specimens revealed that the failure mode of the composites with lower amount of reinforcement is mainly dimple ductile fracture while, with increasing the reinforcement amount, multiple cracking dominates.
Health Lifestyles in Early Childhood
Authors: Mollborn Stefanie , James-Hawkins Laurie , Lawrence Elizabeth , Fomby Paula
Published: November 2014

This study integrates two important developments, the concept of health lifestyles (which has focused on adults and adolescents) and the increased attention to early childhood. We introduce the concept of children’s health lifestyles, identifying differences from adult health lifestyles and articulating intergenerational transmission and socialization processes shaping children’s health lifestyles. Using the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001–2007; N ≈ 6,150), latent class analyses identify predominant health lifestyles among U.S. preschoolers. Five distinct empirical patterns representing health lifestyles emerge, two capturing low and medium levels of overall risk across domains and three capturing domain-specific risks. Social background predicts children’s health lifestyles, but lower household resources often explain these relationships. Across kindergarten measures of cognition, behavior, and health, preschool health lifestyles predict children’s development even after controlling for social disadvantage and concurrent household resources. Further research on health lifestyles throughout childhood is warranted.
Education, Mental Health, and Education–Labor Market Misfit
Authors: Bracke Piet , van de Straat Vera , Missinne Sarah
Published: November 2014

Higher-educated people experience enhanced mental health. We ponder whether the mental health benefits of educational attainment are limitless. At the individual level, we look at the impact of job-education mismatch. At the societal level, we hypothesize that diminishing economic returns on education limit its mental health benefits. Using a subsample of individuals aged 20 to 65 years (N = 28,288) from 21 countries in the European Social Survey (ESS 2006), we estimate the impact on depressive symptoms of characteristics at both the employee level (years of education and job-education mismatch) and the labor market/country level (the gap between the nontertiary and tertiary educated in terms of unemployment risks and earnings). The results show that educational attainment produces mental health benefits in most European countries. However, in some of the countries, these benefits are limited or even completely eliminated by education–labor market misfit.
“Patrimonial Bureaucracy” and Chinese Law
Authors: Lai Junnan
Published: November 2014

Max Weber’s claim that traditional Chinese law was “khadi justice” continues to be a challenge facing scholars of Chinese legal history. While many scholars respond to this thesis at the level of empirical studies, their research cannot replace responses at the theoretical level. Thus, it is necessary to enter into a theoretical dialogue with Weber on the basis of empirical findings. Weber’s thought about China within the framework of his sociology of domination is a crucial factor influencing his presentation of Chinese law. In his original theoretical design, “patrimonial bureaucracy” is a mixed or in-between state of irrational and rational types of domination, since it contains elements of both patrimonialism and bureaucracy. Thus, justice and administration under such domination are not completely arbitrary. Weber’s assumption that world history increasingly moves toward full rationality, however, induces him to place China in the initial stage of the process of rationalization and to put the modern Western world at the end of that process. Under the influence of this thinking, Weber consciously or unconsciously neglects bureaucratic facets of imperial China’s patrimonial bureaucracy and deliberately amplifies its patrimonial facets. As a result, Chinese law in Weber’s writings is substantively irrational “khadi justice.” Although Weber’s concepts and insights are limited, if refined and revised they can still benefit future scholars of traditional Chinese law.
‘When that great ship went down’: Modern maritime disasters and collective memory
Authors: Moyer Robert C.
Published: November 2014

The aim of this article is to examine the social and psychological impact of modern maritime disasters upon the population of a technologically developed nation. Through an innovative research approach using various indirect measurements of public interest including the internet, media response, music and film, the article explores the interest displayed by the American public following the loss of ships such as the Titanic, Andrea Doria, Edmund Fitzgerald, and Andrea Gail. In order to provide a basis for qualitative comparison, disasters involving other modes of transportation are also considered, including the Hindenburg crash, the ‘Great Train Wreck of 1918’ in Nashville, TN, the Tenerife air disaster of 1977, and the Concorde crash of 2000. The article seeks to explain why the American public seems to display more short-term and long-term interest in maritime disasters than in disasters involving other forms of transportation.
A Border Context of Violence
Authors: Cepeda Alice , Nowotny Kathryn M.
Published: November 2014

Female sex workers (FSW) represent a population confronted with an array of intersecting social problems. We explore the case of FSW in Nuevo Laredo and Ciudad Juarez to understand the everyday violence associated with sex work within the unique context of Mexico. Life history interviews were conducted with 109 FSW revealing violent acts by clients and other sex industry employees (bar owners, police, other FSW). The risk of violence by different types of persons associated with the sex work industry varied by venue and geographic area. Moreover, the violence was shaped by the social structural constraints of dominant gender ideologies.
Young children’s experiences of participating in group treatment for children exposed to intimate partner violence: A qualitative study
Authors: Pernebo Karin , Almqvist Kjerstin
Published: November 2014

The risk of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) between caregivers is increased during early childhood. The adverse effects on the health and development of the youngest children may be severe. Effective and promising interventions for children who have experienced IPV have been developed and evaluated. However, there is a lack in knowledge about how the children themselves experience the interventions. The aim of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of group treatment designed to improve the psychological health of young children in the aftermath of family violence by elucidating the children’s experiences of participating. Nine children, aged 4 to 6 years, were interviewed after participating in group programmes specifically designed for children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions was used. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, to ensure a focus on the children’s own views and experiences. Five master themes embracing the children’s experiences were identified: joy – positive emotional experience of participation; security – feeling safe; relatedness – relationships within the group; to talk – externalised focus on the violence; and competence – new knowledge and skills. Theoretical and clinical implications and the benefit of including very young children’s views and experiences in research are discussed.
Factors associated with active commuting among parents-to-be in Karlskrona, Sweden
Authors: Thern Emelie , Sjögren Forss Katarina , Jogréus Claes E. , Stjernberg Louise
Published: November 2014

Aim: The purpose of the present study is to examine the prevalence of active commuting and factors associated with participation in active commuting in the municipality of Karlskrona, Sweden. Active commuting is defined here as walking or cycling to and from school/work for at least 15 minutes one-way. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, which included baseline data from parents-to-be. Pregnant females and their partners were invited to participate in the study when they contacted either of the municipality’s two antenatal clinics. Data collection ran from March 2008 to February 2009. When completing the questionnaire, the participants were asked to reflect on their situation one month before the female became pregnant. The final sample consisted of 432 participants (response rate 51.9% for females and 85.0% for males). Results: The main mode of commuting was motor vehicle (63.0%), with active commuters forming a minority (8.3%). The main facilitating factor for active commuting was living in an urban as opposed to a rural area. Regular participation in outdoor recreational physical activity was significantly positively associated with active commuting. Being Swedish and being surrounded by a green space environment were significantly negatively associated with active commuting. Conclusions: This study found that the number of people who are active commuters is modest and other modes of transportation are preferred. Several facilitating and impeding factors associated with active commuting were also found, indicating the importance of applying a broad health-promoting approach to encouraging active commuting.
Qualitative Evaluation of Fiducial Markers for Radiotherapy Imaging
Authors: Chan Maria F. , Cohen Gil’ad N. , Deasy Joseph O.
Published: November 2014

Purpose:

To evaluate visibility, artifacts, and distortions of various commercial markers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography (CT), and ultrasound imaging used for radiotherapy planning and treatment guidance.

Methods:

We compare 2 solid gold markers, 4 gold coils, and 1 polymer marker from 3 vendors. Imaging modalities used were 3-T and 1.5-T GE MRIs, Siemens Sequoia 512 Ultrasound, Phillips Big Bore CT, Varian Trilogy linear accelerator (cone-beam CT [CBCT], on-board imager kilovoltage [OBI-kV], electronic portal imaging device megavoltage [EPID-MV]), and Medtronic O-ARM CBCT. Markers were imaged in a 30 × 30 × 10 cm3 custom bolus phantom. In one experiment, Surgilube was used around the markers to reduce air gaps. Images were saved in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format and analyzed using an in-house software. Profiles across the markers were used for objective comparison of the markers’ signals. The visibility and artifacts/distortions produced by each marker were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results:

All markers are visible in CT, CBCT, OBI-kV, and ultrasound. Gold markers below 0.75 mm in diameter are not visible in EPID-MV images. The larger the markers, the more CT and CBCT image artifacts there are, yet the degree of the artifact depends on scan parameters and the scanner itself. Visibility of gold coils of 0.75 mm diameter or larger is comparable across all imaging modalities studied. The polymer marker causes minimal artifacts in CT and CBCT but has poor visibility in EPID-MV. Gold coils of 0.5 mm exhibit poor visibility in MRI and EPID-MV due to their small size. Gold markers are more visible in 3-T T1 gradient-recalled echo than in 1.5-T T1 fast spin-echo, depending on the scan sequence. In this study, all markers are clearly visible on ultrasound.

Conclusion:

All gold markers are visible in CT, CBCT, kV, and ultrasound; however, only the large diameter markers are visible in MV. When MR and EPID-MV imagers are used, the selection of fiducial markers is not straightforward. For hybrid kV/MV image-guided radiotherapy imaging, larger diameter markers are suggested. If using kV imaging alone, smaller sized markers may be used in smaller sized patients in order to reduce artifacts. Only larger diameter gold markers are visible across all imaging modalities.
Clinical Assessment of 2D/3D Registration Accuracy in 4 Major Anatomic Sites Using On-Board 2D Kilovoltage Images for 6D Patient Setup
Authors: Li Guang , Yang T. Jonathan , Furtado Hugo , Birkfellner Wolfgang , Ballangrud Åse , Powell Simon N. , Mechalakos James
Published: November 2014

To provide a comprehensive assessment of patient setup accuracy in 6 degrees of freedom (DOFs) using 2-dimensional/3-dimensional (2D/3D) image registration with on-board 2-dimensional kilovoltage (OB-2DkV) radiographic images, we evaluated cranial, head and neck (HN), and thoracic and abdominal sites under clinical conditions. A fast 2D/3D image registration method using graphics processing unit GPU was modified for registration between OB-2DkV and 3D simulation computed tomography (simCT) images, with 3D/3D registration as the gold standard for 6DOF alignment. In 2D/3D registration, body roll rotation was obtained solely by matching orthogonal OB-2DkV images with a series of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) from simCT with a small rotational increment along the gantry rotation axis. The window/level adjustments for optimal visualization of the bone in OB-2DkV and DRRs were performed prior to registration. Ideal patient alignment at the isocenter was calculated and used as an initial registration position. In 3D/3D registration, cone-beam CT (CBCT) was aligned to simCT on bony structures using a bone density filter in 6DOF. Included in this retrospective study were 37 patients treated in 55 fractions with frameless stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy for cranial and paraspinal cancer. A cranial phantom was used to serve as a control. In all cases, CBCT images were acquired for patient setup with subsequent OB-2DkV verification. It was found that the accuracy of the 2D/3D registration was 0.0 ± 0.5 mm and 0.1° ± 0.4° in phantom. In patient, it is site dependent due to deformation of the anatomy: 0.2 ± 1.6 mm and −0.4° ± 1.2° on average for each dimension for the cranial site, 0.7 ± 1.6 mm and 0.3° ± 1.3° for HN, 0.7 ± 2.0 mm and −0.7° ± 1.1° for the thorax, and 1.1 ± 2.6 mm and −0.5° ± 1.9° for the abdomen. Anatomical deformation and presence of soft tissue in 2D/3D registration affect the consistency with 3D/3D registration in 6DOF: the discrepancy increases in superior to inferior direction.
Mothering While Disabled
Authors: Frederick Angela
Published: November 2014

Sociologist Angela Frederick argues the legacy of the Eugenics movement persists today. She explores how mothers with disabilities continue to face pervasive threats to their right to parent.
The Sex Lives of Sex Researchers
Authors: Irvine Janice M.
Published: November 2014

Sociologist Janice M. Irvine examines biographies of Alfred Kinsey in order to explore stigma attached to sexuality research.
Looking—who are we now?
Authors: Albertson Cory
Published: November 2014

Sociologist Cory Albertson examines the implications of the HBO television series Looking and its attempt to accurately depict the lives of gay men by showing heteronormative ideals being maintained and challenged in romantic relationships.
12,906 days
Authors: Sheridan Embser-Herbert Melissa
Published: November 2014

Wrongfully convicted at 18, Michael Ustaszewski was paroled from prison six weeks shy of his 54th birthday. Sociologist Melissa Sheridan Embser-Herbert documents his experience reentering society after over 35 years behind bars.
Contested Memories
Authors: Goyette Kimberly
Published: November 2014

In this review of two books, Caroline Kieu-Linh Valverede’s, Transnationalizing Vietnam: Community, Culture, and Politics in the Diaspora and Cathy J. Schlund-Vials’ War, Genocide and Justice: Cambodian American Memory Work, sociologist Kimberly Goyette discusses how memory may be shaped and contested for two Southeast Asian immigrant groups, Vietnamese Americans and Cambodian Americans. She also considers how memory is important for identity, and ultimately, assimilation in the United States.
Submandibular approach and use of Ligasure® system in a complex carotid paraganglioma
Authors: Rojas Esquivel Diego José , Stefanov Kiuri Stefan , Fernández Heredero Alvaro , Riera De Cubas Luis , Carretero José Cebrian
Published: November 2014

Carotid paragangliomas are rare tumors of slow growth, progressive, and highly vascularized; surgery is the chosen treatment, and most surgeons perform an approach with a longitudinal cervicotomy.

Objective:

We present a case of carotid paraganglioma Shamblin III with skull base extension.

Methods:

Submandibular approach and vascular sealing device of the Ligasure® system were used in the surgery.

Results:

We achieved complete resection using these adjunctive techniques.

Conclusions:

The use of these adjunctive techniques can be useful to manage large carotid body tumors.
Comparative genomics of closely related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains reveals genome dynamics and the acquisition of novel pathogenic elements
Authors: Yap Kien-Pong , Gan Han Ming , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju , Chai Lay Ching , Thong Kwai Lin
Published: November 2014

Background

Typhoid fever is an infectious disease of global importance that is caused bySalmonella entericasubsp.entericaserovar Typhi (S. Typhi). This disease causes an estimated 200,000 deaths per year and remains a serious global health threat.S. Typhi is strictly a human pathogen, and some recovered individuals become long-term carriers who continue to shed the bacteria in their faeces, thus becoming main reservoirs of infection.

Results

A comparative genomics analysis combined with a phylogenomic analysis revealed that the strains from the outbreak and carrier were closely related with microvariations and possibly derived from a common ancestor. Additionally, the comparative genomics analysis with all of the other completely sequencedS. Typhi genomes revealed that strains BL196 and CR0044 exhibit unusual genomic variations despiteS. Typhi being generally regarded as highly clonal. The two genomes shared distinct chromosomal architectures and uncommon genome features; notably, the presence of a ~10 kb novel genomic island containing uncharacterised virulence-related genes, andzotin particular. Variations were also detected in the T6SS system and genes that were related to SPI-10, insertion sequences, CRISPRs and nsSNPs among the studied genomes. Interestingly, the carrier strain CR0044 harboured far more genetic polymorphisms (83% mutant nsSNPs) compared with the closely related BL196 outbreak strain. Notably, the two highly related virulence-determinant genes,rpoSandtviE, were mutated in strains BL196 and CR0044, respectively, which revealed that the mutation inrpoSis stabilising, while that intviEis destabilising. These microvariations provide novel insight into the optimisation of genes by the pathogens. However, the sporadic strain was found to be far more conserved compared with the others.

Conclusions

The uncommon genomic variations in the two closely related BL196 and CR0044 strains suggests thatS. Typhi is more diverse than previously thought. Our study has demonstrated that the pathogen is continually acquiring new genes through horizontal gene transfer in the process of host adaptation, providing novel insight into its unusual genomic dynamics. The understanding of these strains and virulence factors, and particularly the strain that is associated with the large outbreak and the less studied asymptomatic Typhi carrier in the population, will have important impact on disease control.
Layout Planning of Sortation Conveyors in Parcel Distribution Centers
Authors: Fedtke Stefan , Boysen Nils
Published: November 2014

Fully automated sortation processes play a crucial role in modern distribution networks of the parcel service industry. In this context, this study systematically investigates different design alternatives of closed-loop tilt tray sortation conveyors. In particular, the number of loading stations for feeding parcels into a conveyor system, and its relation to the subordinate decision problem of assigning inbound and outbound destinations to docking doors, is shown to considerably influence the throughput of a hub terminal. A novel destination assignment problem is formalized, appropriate solution procedures are presented, and, by means of simulation, the resulting throughput is quantified, so that an experienced terminal manager can weigh the operational gains against the investment cost of different conveyor layouts.
Ips acuminatus kills pines in southern Finland
Authors: Siitonen Juha
Published: November 2014

Recently dead Scots pines ( L.) apparently killed by (Gyllenhal) were observed in Sipoo, southern Finland, in summer 2013. This record was unexpected and in contradiction with what is currently known about the distribution and aggressiveness of the species in Finland. The aim of this study was to survey a larger area in Uusimaa region, to find out whether occurs frequently in recently dead pines, and whether inhabited trees share some common tree- or site-level characteristics. Galleries of were found in most of the studied trees. A total of 96 inhabited trees were found in 21 separate sites. Colonized pines were typically large (average DBH 30âÂ±â9 cm) trees located in relatively open pine-dominated heathland stands at half-open, sun-exposed spots. The whole upper part of the trunk with thin bark was usually occupied. Galleries of L. or Hartig occurred only in few cases in the same trees, indicating that the trees had died later in the summer. Galleries of the jewel beetle F. were found in 13 trees. Trees colonized by often occurred as small groups, with generally 1Â­â12 trees (average 3 trees), but in one exceptional group there were no less than 35 trees. It is possible that the hot and dry summers during the 2000s have increased the susceptibility of pines to insect damage, and have contributed to a population growth of .Pinus sylvestrisIps acuminatusI. acuminatusI. acuminatusTomicus piniperdaT. minorPhaenops cyaneaI. acuminatusI. acuminatus
Forensic psychiatric evaluations: an overview of methods, ethical issues, and criminal and civil assessments
Authors: Sher Leo
Published: November 2014

Forensic psychiatry is frequently defined as the branch of psychiatry that deals with issues arising in the interface between psychiatry and the law. Psychiatrists are called on by the legal system to provide testimony in a wide variety of cases, criminal and civil. In criminal cases, forensic psychiatrists may be asked to comment on the competence of a person to make decisions throughout all the phases of criminal investigation, trial, and punishment. These include the competence to stand trial, to plead guilty, to be sentenced, to waive appeal, and to be executed. In civil cases, forensic psychiatric experts are asked to evaluate a number of civil competences, including competence to make a will or contract or to make decisions about one’s person and property. Psychiatrists are also called on to testify about many other issues related to civil cases. Forensic psychiatrists who work with children and adolescents are frequently involved in evaluations and testimonies concerning juvenile delinquency, child custody, termination of parental rights, and other issues. As such, forensic psychiatric experts have now developed into a reputable and well-known group of professionals. Forensic evaluation methods, ethical issues related to forensic psychiatric practice, and some common criminal and civil forensic psychiatric evaluations are discussed in this overview.
Biological and environmental predictors of the dysregulation profile in children and adolescents: the story so far
Authors: Caro-Cañizares Irene , García-Nieto Rebeca , Carballo Juan J.
Published: November 2014

Most children and adolescents attending mental health services exhibit severe affective and behavioral dysregulation. The dysregulation profile (DP) seems to be an indicator of self-regulatory problems, overall psychopathology, symptom severity, and functional impairment. Although there are studies signaling its importance as a marker of severe psychopathology and long-term impairment, little is known about its predictors. We reviewed the existing literature and found biological and environmental factors associated with the DP. The DP seems to have high heritability rates, blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses at stress tasks, and attention problems regardless of emotional context. Some family factors (such as abnormal qualities of upbringing, lower effortful control, parental hostility, and parental substance use disorders) are also related to the DP. More research about specific predictors of the DP is clearly needed. Longitudinal studies would help identify them more clearly.
Adolescent mass shootings: developmental considerations in light of the Sandy Hook shooting
Authors: Rice Timothy R. , Hoffman Leon
Published: November 2014

Adolescent mass shootings are a special subset of mass killings, which continue despite significant preventative public health efforts. It is often held that these individuals have few salient warning signs that could have been identified. This piece proposes that mass shootings committed by adolescent and post-adolescent young males must be understood from a developmental perspective. The hypothesis proposed in this paper is that such killings occur as the result of the adolescent’s frustrated effort to progress along normative development. The goal of normative separation from maternal figures by the boy is presented as a potential risk factor when this goal is thwarted. Childhood case material from the perpetrator of a recent adolescent mass shooting, the Sandy Hook shooting, is discussed as an illustration of this hypothesis. Implications for public health measures and for individualized treatment are presented and developed.
Validity test of the self-report measurement tools of regulatory focus
Authors: Faragó Klára , Kiss Orhidea Edith , Fekete Sándor
Published: November 2014

Summerville és Rose (2008) a Higgins-féle önszabályozás elmélet (1997, 1998) és az azt vizsgáló mérőeszközökkel kapcsolatban végzett kutatásai nyomán arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy az önszabályozás koncepciója két különböző konstruktumot von egybe, az ideálok, illetve a kötelességek motivációs bázisát (önvezérlés), valamint a nyereség megszerzésének, illetve a veszteségek elkerülésének vágyát (referenciapont). Az első koncepciót az RFQ teszt, a másodikat a GRFM teszt vizsgálja. Egy nagyobb, 1023 fős mintán vizsgáltuk a Lockwood, Jordan és Kunda (2002) által megalkotott GRFM teszt validitását abból a célból, hogy támpontokat kapjunk a skála megbízhatóságáról és érvényességéről. Egy kisebb mintán végzett további vizsgálat segítségével elemeztük, hogy az RFQ és a GRFM a regulációs fókusz egységes felfogását tükrözi-e. Előzetes vizsgálatok tapasztalatait megerősítve mi sem találtunk megfelelő együttjárást a két skála eredményei között. így csatlakozunk Summerville és Rose nézetéhez, amely szerint a két teszt a regulációs fókusz különböző felfogását tükrözi. A Megismerés iránti szükséglet (NFCS) és az Ambiguitás iránti tolerancia (MSTAT-II) skálákkal kapott eredményeink ugyanakkor megerősítik mindkét teszt külső validitását. Vizsgálataink eredményeképpen a regulációs fókusz dichotóm felfogása helyett egy olyan kategorizációt javasolunk, ami számot vet azzal, hogy számos olyan személy található, aki mind a promóció-, mind a prevenciófókuszt mérő alskálán magas vagy alacsony eredményt ért el. Az így kialakított négy kategória tagságának számát és demográfiai jellegzetességeit tekintve alkalmasnak bizonyult arra, hogy további vizsgálatokban az önszabályozás komplexebb vizsgálatának kiindulópontjául szolgáljanak.
Absorbed in creation: Psychotic and dissociative experiences in the creative process?
Authors: Ferencz Ákos , Bolló Henrietta , Hidegkuti István , Szemán-Nagy Anita
Published: November 2014

A muvészek és a pszichiátriai betegek egyaránt osztoznak abban a kivételes adottságban, hogy a világot a szokásostól eltéro módon látják. A kreativitás pszichopatológiával való kapcsolatának kutatása a mentális zavarok mint diagnosztikus kategóriák felol a kognitív és affektív fenotípusok felé tolódik. Egyes, pszichiátriai zavarokra is jellemzo vonások — sokszor enyhébb formában és több más tényezo együttállása esetén — a kreativitás folyamatában is kulcsszerepet játszanak, így adaptívak lehetnek.Munkánk célja a kreativitás és a pszichopatológiák irodalmának áttekintése. A kreativitással kapcsolatos alapfogalmak tisztázása után ismertetjük a kreatív személyiség jellemzoit. A pszichopatológiai vonatkozások között részletesen tárgyaljuk a szkizotípiával és a diszszociatív jelenségekkel, ezen belül az abszorpcióval való összefüggéseket. Végül néhány általános szempontot fogalmazunk meg a kreativitás kutatásával kapcsolatban.
Desenvolvimento de mudas de mirtileiro inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares
Authors: Farias Daniela da Hora , Pinto Marília Alves Brito , Carra Bruno , Schuch Márcia Wulff , Souza Paulo Vítor Dutra de
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (Glomus clarum Nicolson e Schenck, Glomus etunicatum Becker e Gerd Gigaspora margarita Becker e Hall e Scutellospora heterogama Nicolson e Gerd) em mudas micropropagadas de mirtileiro da cultivar Woodard. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, quatro repetições por tratamento e seis plantas por parcela. As plantas inoculadas com G. margarita apresentaram maior altura e biomassa seca das raízes. Os tratamentos com S. heterogama e G. margarita apresentaram os maiores resultados para a biomassa verde das raízes. O desempenho foi relacionado com as taxas de colonização das raízes que, nas plantas inoculadas com G. margarita e S. heterogama, foram de 48,2 e 45,1%, respectivamente. Para os teores nutricionais, as plantas inoculadas com S. heterogama, G. etunicatum, G. clarum e G. margarita proporcionaram maiores teores de N e P na parte aérea das plantas.
Growth and production of irrigated vitória pineapple grown in semi-arid conditions
Authors: Pegoraro Rodinei Facco , Souza Bruna Aparecida Madureira de , Maia Victor Martins , Amaral Uirá do , Pereira Marlon Cristian Toledo
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the growth characteristics of irrigated Vitória pineapple plants grown in semi-arid conditions and determine its developmental stages based on those characteristics. It was used a randomized block design with four replicates. The experimental treatments were: plant harvest at 270, 330, 390, 450, 510, 570, 690, 750, and 810 days after planting (DAP). The following variables were determined: plant height, stem diameter, D-leaf length, D-leaf fresh and dry mass, biomass production of plants and plant parts (organs), and vegetative biomass. Five phenological stages are proposed based on vegetative biomass production: < 20% biomass production (V1); 21-40% (V2); 41-60% (V3); 61-80% (V4); and > 80% (V5). The maximum growth rate for plant height, D-leaf length, and stem diameter was observed at the end of the phenological stage V1 (390-411 DAP), and at the end of stage V5 these plant traits had average values of 106, 82, and 7 cm, respectively. The maximum biomass accumulation rates were observed at stages V4 and V5, resulting in a final fruit yield and total fresh biomass of 72 t ha-1 and 326 t ha-1, respectively. Finally, we estimated that 80% of the accumulated biomass may remain in the field after fruit and slip harvest, and could be incorporated as plant residue into the soil.
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as an alternative auxin for rooting of vine rootstock cuttings
Authors: Tofanelli Mauro Brasil Dias , Freitas Pytágoras Leal , Pereira Giuliano Elias
Published: November 2014

Viticulture is an important agricultural activity in semiarid northeastern Brazil, and the quality and ease of vine propagation are very important in this context. This study evaluated the use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as an alternative to indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the rooting of vine rootstock cuttings. The trial was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Sergipe (São Cristóvão-SE) between January and March 2010 with cuttings of the rootstocks of 'IAC-766', 'IAC-572', and 'Paulsen 1103' treated with 2,4-D or IBA applied at concentrations of 0, 1000, 2000, or 3000 rng-L-1 for 5 s and planted in a field on washed sand. At 56 days after planting, the percentages of rooted, sprouted, callused, and dead cuttings were evaluated, and also the average number and length of the rooted cuttings. The results showed that 2,4-D was not superior to IBA in the characteristics wanted for the rooting process of the vine rootstock cuttings. The vine rootstocks showed potential for propagation by cutting without auxin application. It was observed that the high concentrations were the worst for the rooting of the cuttings.
Heterosis in papaya: inter and intragroup analysis
Authors: Cardoso Deisy Lúcia , Luz Lucas Nunes da , Macêdo Celia Maria Peixoto de , Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: November 2014

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a typical crop of tropical areas, and Brazil is one of the leading world producers. In recent decades, papaya culture has expanded to different regions of the country, but the number of cultivars available is still limited. In the present study, a complete diallel cross was carried out using eight accessions of papaya from the UENF/Caliman germplasm bank. Four genotypes belong to the Formosa heterotic group and four, to the Solo group. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and viability of exploring heterosis in heterotic intragroup hybrids. Fifty-six hybrid progenies were generated and evaluated. Among the Formosa intragroup hybrids, two hybrid combinations (MR x J4 and MR x SK) showed heterosis for all traits, as well as good average total fruit production. Among the Solo intragroup hybrids, three hybrid combinations (WM x GG, WM x SS and WM x SM) stand out for fruit production and high content of soluble solids. In Formosa x Solo hybrids, all hybrid combinations with the parent JS (JS x WM, JS x GG, JS x SS and JS x SM) showed high fruit quality and good average for fruit production. The heterotic profile of the hybrids tested allowed the identification of promising hybrids within Formosa and Solo heterotic groups. The analysis of the canonical variables also allowed the visualization of distinct groups of hybrids, depending on the provenance of the parents.
Uso fertilizante do subproduto da agroindústria processadora de goiabas II: estado nutricional e produção de goiabas
Authors: Souza Henrique Antunes de , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Amorim Daniel Angelucci de , Modesto Viviane Cristina , Natale William
Published: November 2014

O conhecimento sobre a dinâmica dos nutrientes provenientes da aplicação de resíduos orgânicos faz-se necessário, principalmente visando sua a reciclagem, considerando que a quantidade desses materiais tem aumentado rapidamente com o tempo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o estado nutricional e a produção de frutos de um pomar de goiabeiras, em função da aplicação do subproduto da indústria processadora de goiabas. O delineamento empregado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo as doses do subproduto (moído) iguais a zero; 9;18; 27 e 36 t ha-1 (peso do material seco). Foram feitas cinco aplicações do subproduto em 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010. Avaliou-se o estado nutricional das goiabeiras, via diagnose foliar (macro e micronutrientes), bem como a produção de frutos por seis safras consecutivas. A aplicação do subproduto da indústria processadora de goiabas promoveu alterações no estado nutricional e na produção de frutos. As doses do subproduto incrementaram os teores foliares de N, Mg e Mn da goiabeira. A produção de goiabas cresceu de forma linear em função das doses do subproduto. Os efeitos da aplicação do subproduto foram verificados primeiramente no solo, posteriormente nos teores foliares e, finalmente, na produção de frutos, ao longo das safras.
Spatial distribution of C-sections within the state of São Paulo
Authors: Campi Stephani Felício da Silva , Nascimento Luiz Fernando C.
Published: November 2014

Objective: to identify spacial patterns for cesarean deliveries per microregion in the state of São Paulo. Methods: this is an ecological and exploratory study with data on live births occurred between 2003 and 2007 in 63 microregions in the state of São Paulo. Variables analyzed included cesarean delivery rates, teenage mothers, mothers with high levels of education and who had at least seven prenatal consultations. Moran's index (I), a measure of spatial autocorrelation of rates related to the variables described above and which identifies the presence of spatial clusters, was calculated. The distributions of the variables' rates in this study were visualized using thematic maps. The Moran map was used to identify microregions with high priority need for attention. Pearson correlation coefficients among the variables were also obtained. Results: there were 3,045,293 births, being 1,636,009 (53.7 %) cesarean deliveries. It was possible to identify spatial clusters of C-sections (I = 0.58 and p < 0.01) in the microregions located on the north and northwest of the state of São Paulo, as well as in Guaratinguetá; the values found for Moran index were, I = 0.32, I = 0.30 and I = 0.24, for the rates of teenage mothers, schooling and number of consultations, respectively, being all significant results (p <0.01). Micro-regions with high-priority need for attention were identified. Cesarean rates were significantly correlated with high rates of maternal education and number of prenatal consultations. Conclusion: the identification of these microregion clusters with high rates of cesarean delivery allows health managers to implement policies in order to minimize these rates.
Investigation of urinary abnormalities and risk factors for kidney disease in the World Kidney Day campaigns in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Araújo Sônia M.H.A. , Ribeiro Maria Zenaide D. , Lima Rafael S. A. , Silva Junior Geraldo B. , Jacinto Camilla N. , Cruz Neto Moises Francisco da , Feitosa Junior Valdenor N. , Girão Marília M. V. , Daher Elizabeth F.
Published: November 2014

Objective: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing common problem in the world due to the exponential growth of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other risk factors. The aim of this study is to investigate urinary abnormalities and risk factors for kidney disease in the general population. Methods: this study was performed from data collected during the annual World Kidney Day (WKD) campaigns, in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, between 2009 and 2012. The population sought assistance spontaneously in stands placed in high people-traffic areas. Results: among 2,637 individuals interviewed, the mean age was 50.7±15.7 years and 53% were male. The main risk factors found were sedentarism (60.7%), obesity (22.7%) and smoking (19.8%). Blood pressure (BP) > 140x90 mmHg was found in 877 (33%). Increased BP was found for the first time in 527 cases (19.9%). Cardiovascular diseases were reported in 228 (8.6%). Diabetes was related by 343 (13%). Capillary blood glucose > 200 mg/dL was found in 127 (4.8%) and it was > 200 mg/dL for the first time in 30 (1.13%). Urinalysis was performed in 1,151 people and found proteinuria in 269 (23.3%). Proteinuria was most frequent in hypertension people (77.3% vs. 55.8%, p=0.0001), diabetes mellitus (22.7% vs. 15.2%, p=0.005) and elderly (42.1% vs. 30.7%, p=0.0007). Conclusion: risk factors for CKD are frequent in the general population. Many individuals had hypertension and diabetes and did not know this. It is important to regularly perform actions like WKD in order to early detect potential candidates for CKD.
How to evaluate quality of life in overweight and obese women during climacterium?
Authors: Munhoz Livia Oliveira , Sorpreso Isabel Cristina Esposito , Nogueira Maria Cristina Caceres , Simões Ricardo dos Santos , Soares Junior José Maria , Baracat Edmund Chada
Published: November 2014

Objective: identifying the instruments used to measure quality of life during menopausal transition and post-menopause in women with obesity or overweight. Methods: a systematic search using the Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane databases, and the following key-words: menopause/climacteric, quality of life, overweight/obesity. Nineteen papers that fulfilled the including criteria were found. Results: eighteen studies using generic health questionnaires (global quality of life) were identified, six of them were specific for menopause and one specific for obesity. Eleven studies used generic questionnaires, while only eight questionnaires were specific for menopause. Conclusion: there was no consensus in the literature about the use of quality of life questionnaires in women with overweight and obesity in climacterium, which makes de comparison and reproducibility of the results difficult. This is an alert about the need for standardization to better evaluate this specific population.
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia - a review
Authors: Coimbra Susana , Neves Rafael , Lima Margarida , Belo Luís , Santos-Silva Alice
Published: November 2014

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoproliferative disease of B lymphocytes, characterized by a lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma in the bone marrow and by IgM monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. It was first described in 1944 by Jan Gösta Waldenström, reporting two patients with oronasal bleeding, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum viscosity, normal radiography and bone marrow infiltrated by lymphoid cells. The WM is a rare disease with a typically indolent clinical course, affecting mainly individuals aged between 63 and 68 years. Most patients have clinical signs and symptoms related to hyperviscosity resulting from IgM monoclonal gammopathy, and/or cytopenias resulting from bone marrow infiltration by lymphoma. The differential diagnosis with other lymphomas is essential for the assessment of prognosis and therapeutic approach. Treatment of patients with asymptomatic WM does not improve the quality of life of patients, or increase their survival, being recommended, therefore, their follow-up. For the treatment of symptomatic patients, alkylating agents, purine analogs and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are used. However, the disease is incurable and the response to therapy is not always favorable. Recent studies have shown promising results with bortezomib, an inhibitor of proteasomes, and some patients respond to thalidomide. In patients with relapse or refractory to therapy, autologous transplantation may be indicated. The aim of this paper is to describe in detail the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of WM, main clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
Inoculação de Pseudomonas fluorescens e adubação NPK na composição química e contaminação fungo-fumonisina de milho
Authors: Bernd Luciana P. , Souza Thiago M. , Oliveira Mariana A. de , Ono Elisabete Y. S. , Zucareli Claudemir , Hirooka Elisa Y.
Published: November 2014

Propôs,neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito da inoculação de sementes com Pseudomonas fluorescens e adubação NPK (nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio) na composição química e contaminação por fungo-fumonisina de grãos de milho. O delineamento experimental foi bloco casualizado em fatorial 2 x 3, correspondente à inoculação com P. fluorecens (não inoculada ou inoculada) e níveis de adubação NPK (0, 125 e 250 kg ha-1, formulados 08-28-16) com 4 repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram composição química (proteína e cinzas), contaminação fúngica (bolores e leveduras) e fumonisinas B1 (FB1) e B2 (FB2). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey e correlação de Pearson, pelo teste-t (p < 0,05). Inoculação com P. fluorescens e adubação mineral não apresentaram efeito individual sobre os parâmetros avaliados (p > 0,05). A interação entre fatores, com incremento no nível de adubação NPK e uso de P. Fluorescens, resultou em aumento no teor de cinzas e proteína (p < 0,05) e reduziu a contaminação por leveduras no grão, favorecendo o crescimento de Fusarium spp. (r = -0,40; p < 0,05). Os níveis de fumonisinas totais (FB1 + FB2) observados estão enquadrados nos limites máximos tolerados, estabelecidos por órgãos de vigilância sanitária.
A Colônia Agrícola Nacional de Goiás e a redefinição nos usos do território
Authors: Freitas Wagner Abadio de , Mello Marcelo de
Published: November 2014

O discurso da Marcha para o Oeste produzido pelo Estado Novo foi materializado com ações efetivas. O povoamento do interior do país e a criação de uma infraestrutura mínima foram fundamentais para a penetração do capital e a redefinição de seu território. Nesta perspectiva, investigou-se o processo de criação das Colônias Agrícolas Nacionais, suas dinâmicas regionais, os avanços técnicos e os resultados produzidos pelas mesmas. O destaque principal foi direcionado à Colônia Agrícola Nacional de Goiás, tendo em vista a concepção do processo de ocupação e produção do território goiano, pautado em questões naturais da região “O Mato Grosso de Goiás”, bem como na inserção dos sistemas de engenharia (infraestrutura) que possibilitaram diferentes usos do território, cuja materialidade definiu a forma e o conteúdo do espaço produzido a partir da constituição de um meio técnico. O presente trabalho foi estruturado a partir da análise de decretos e referenciais teóricos pertinentes ao tema, com vistas à pavimentação de um caminho que contribua com o entendimento do processo investigado.
O conhecimento local e a etnopedologia no estudo dos agroecossistemas da comunidade quilombola de Brejo dos Crioulos
Authors: Matos Laudiceio Viana , Ker João Carlos , Cardoso Irene Maria , Lani João Luiz , Schaefer Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud
Published: November 2014

O presente trabalho buscou identificar, resgatar e valorizar os saberes tradicionais sobre o solo e os agroambientes, estabelecendo uma articulação destes saberes com o conhecimento científico de cunho acadêmico. Para isso, realizou-se uma estratificação dos ambientes do território quilombola de Brejo dos Crioulos, com base em critérios locais e pelo método pedológico convencional, considerando o solo e sua interface com outros componentes ambientais. Associou-se a caracterização dos agroecossistemas, com a interpretação e reconhecimento da lógica dos sistemas e saberes tradicionais de uso e manejo dos recursos naturais, constatando-se que os quilombolas reconhecem o melhor momento (tempo), o ambiente (a terra, a umidade, o microclima), a espécie e variedade, combinando atividades e elencando o conjunto de práticas que permitem o sustento de suas famílias. A comunidade de Brejo dos Crioulos domina um sistema próprio de estratificação dos ambientes, cuja identidade possibilita ampla referência e articulação ao conhecimento científico acadêmico. A construção de chaves de identificação dos ambientes com base nos critérios dos quilombolas, associada às informações obtidas com base no saber local, ao aprofundamento da caracterização dos ambientes e ao mapeamento de solos contribuíram para a melhor compreensão das estratégias agroalimentares dos quilombolas, alcançando resultados que podem subsidiar processos de planejamento e definições de políticas públicas para o uso sustentável das terras do território quilombola.