bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species of Platypalpus Macquart (Diptera: Hybotidae) from Uzbekistan, with descriptions of thirteen new species
Authors: BARTÁK MIROSLAV , SHAMSHEV IGOR
Published: March 2015

The genus Platypalpus Macquart is studied from Uzbekistan for the first time. Thirteen species are described as new for science: Platypalpus amankutanensis sp. nov., P. chimganensis sp. nov., P. commutatoides sp. nov., P. penesmirnovi sp. nov., P. sagma sp. nov., P. samarkandensis sp. nov., P. spatenkai sp. nov., P. subinfectus sp. nov., P. sublutescens sp. nov., P. tumidiarista sp. nov., P. uzbekistanicus sp. nov., P. virgatus sp. nov., and P. zeravshanensis sp. nov. Eight additional probable new species remain unnamed due to insufficient material. Platypalpus farabiensis Shamshev, 1998, P. kirtlingensis Grootaert, 1986, and P. longiseta (Zetterstedt, 1842) are recorded from Uzbekistan for the first time. A key to species of Platypalpus known from Middle Asia is compiled.
America's rebalance to the Asia-Pacific: The impact on Canada's strategic thinking and maritime posture
Authors: Sloan Elinor
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the impact of the US pivot to the Asia-Pacific on Canada's strategic thinking and maritime posture. It highlights elements of the US rebalance before examining Canada's recent past, present, and future strategic and military engagement. Canada wants to be able to contribute to crisis de-escalation if regional tensions lead to conflict, yet the Royal Canadian Navy has less deployment capacity today than it has had in 25 years. To contribute to mediatory influence, and provide warfighting capability, a recapitalized navy should increase deployments to the region, forward deploy some naval assets, and ensure interoperability with its US counterpart. In the event of a crisis, a choice might have to be made between a neutral, honest-broker stance and a more likely decision to contribute forces to a US-led coalition. The first step in either case is to be in the Asia-Pacific region with capable and credible naval forces.
Canada, the Arctic, and NORAD: Status quo or new ball game?
Authors: Charron Andrea
Published: March 2015

The Arctic is perceived as an area that requires increased North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) attention. On the one hand, the region has always been of particular concern to NORAD, especially during the Cold War. From this perspective, attention to the Arctic is business as usual. On the other hand, increased potential traffic in the region due to warmer temperatures, natural resource exploitation, and tourism could increase threats to North America and create the need for a new NORAD posture. This paper reviews the challenges facing the Arctic, the perceived new urgency for attention, the command and control structures of NORAD, and NORAD's specific preoccupations in order to answer the question: does the Arctic represent status quo for NORAD or does NORAD need to change, fundamentally, its approach to the North? This paper ultimately argues for the former.
Teachers’ Uses of a Learning Trajectory in Student-Centered Instructional Practices
Authors: Wilson P. Holt , Sztajn Paola , Edgington Cyndi , Myers Marrielle
Published: March 2015

The growing national attention to students’ learning trajectories (LTs) renews the opportunity to explore the ways that teachers may use students’ thinking in their instruction. In this article, we examine teachers’ learning of two frameworks, one for students’ thinking in a particular domain and one for broad student-centered instructional practices, in the context of an elementary grades mathematics professional development setting. As a part of a retrospective analysis of a design experiment, we analyzed 19 lessons of teachers who participated in 60 hr of professional development designed to support their learning of one LT and one framework about student-centered instructional practices. Our findings describe the ways in which teachers brought together these frameworks to enact instructional practices that elicit and use students’ mathematical thinking in classroom instruction. We conclude by arguing that LTs can serve as a referent for student-centered instructional practices, bridging guidelines for student-centered instruction with domain-specific understandings of students’ thinking for teachers.
Site of Memory and Site of Forgetting
Authors: Guglielmucci Ana , Scaraffuni Ribeiro Luciana
Published: March 2015

Efforts to classify the Punta Carretas Prison, repurposed as a shopping center, into a “site of forgetting” imposed through the logic of the market obscure the ongoing productivity of the place as a vehicle of memory linked not only to the military dictatorship but also to the privatization of public patrimony. They fail to account for the dynamic and complex process of construction of a common past resulting from direct confrontations between different sectors of Uruguayan society. The increasing politicization and spatialization of collective memory, focusing on past experiences of repression, overlook the link between memory, history, nation-state, museum, everyday life, people’s dreams, their sense of the future, and utopia.

Los esfuerzos para clasificar la prisión de Punta Carretas (ahora transformada en un centro comercial) como un “lugar del olvido” impuesto por medio de la lógica del mercado ocultan la productividad en curso del lugar como vehículo de la memoria ligado no unicamente a la dictadura militar pero también a la privatización del patrimonio público. No toman en cuenta el proceso dinámico y complejo de la creación de un pasado común que es el resultado de los enfrentamientos directos entre diferentes sectores de la sociedad uruguaya. La creciente politicización y espacialización de la memoria colectiva, con el énfasis en las experiencias pasadas de represión, pasa por alto el vínculo entre la memoria, la historia, el estado nacional, el museo, la vida cotidiana, los sueños de la gente, el sentido del futuro y la utopía.
Irreconcilable Differences
Authors: Hiner Hillary , Azócar María José
Published: March 2015

The politics of national reconciliation during the transitional period of the 1990s in Chile constructed a hegemonic framework that affected discourses in other domains in multilayered ways. In order to achieve consensus among its various factions, the Concertación used “reconciliation” discourse to portray the nation as a family, and potentially divisive issues were framed in the most apolitical, ahistorical, and technical way. In this context, gender violence was construed as a matter of family and individual liberties, and the objective of the first family violence law was maintaining the family intact. The framework of reconciliation and its association with Christian forgiveness and family unity promoted the use of conciliation rather than sentencing as the primary means of settling domestic violence disputes and made it difficult for those affected by gender violence to achieve justice. However, the foundational discourses of the 1990s served an important purpose in opening up discursive spaces on gender violence that could be further refined.

Las políticas de reconciliación nacional durante el periodo de transición de los 1990 en Chile armaron un marco hegémonico que afectó el discurso en otros campos de múltiples maneras. Para lograr el consenso entre sus diferentes facciones, la Concertación usó el discurso de la “reconciliación” para describir la nación como una familia y los temas que pudieran suscitar discrepancias fueron enmarcados de la manera más apolítica, ahistórica y técnica. En este contexto, la violencia de género fue interpretada como una cuestión de libertades individuales y de la familia, y el objetivo de la primera ley sobre violencia familiar fue mantener a la familia unida. El marco de reconciliación y su asociación con el perdón cristiano y la unidad familiar promovieron el uso de la conciliación en lugar de la sanción penal como el medio principal para resolver las disputas de violencia doméstica. Esto hizo difícil que aquellas personas afectadas por la violencia de género recibieran justicia. Sin embargo, los discursos fundacionales de los 1990 sirvieron para abrir más espacios de discusión sobre la violencia de género, y ésto es algo que podría ser profundizado.
“The Holocaust” or “The Salvation of Democracy”
Authors: Leal-Guerrero Sigifredo
Published: March 2015

The massacre known as the Palace of Justice Holocaust is an important object of public concern in Colombia. After 29 years, social agents struggle in fields such as public activism, legal claims, and artistic creation to construct and legitimate accounts of what happened and inscribe them in collective memory as “the truth.” An analysis of these struggles, developed from inside and outside the state and from diverse points of the political spectrum, makes it possible to identify the meaning frames in which the people taking part in these struggles construct narratives of the massacre, such as the Jewish-Christian tradition, discourses on human rights and the memory of the Shoah, national security doctrines, and Nazi anticommunist anti-Semitism.

La masacre conocida como el Holocausto del Palacio de Justicia es un importante objeto de interés público en Colombia. Después de 29 años de acontecida, diversos actores sociales continúan luchando en campos como el activismo político, los reclamos legales y la creación artística para construir y legitimar versiones sobre lo sucedido, e inscribirlas en la memoria colectiva como “la verdad”. Un análisis de esas luchas, desarrolladas desde dentro y fuera del Estado y desde diversos puntos del espectro político, permite identificar los marcos de sentido dentro de los cuales dichos actores construyen narrativas sobre la masacre. Algunos de esos marcos son la tradición judeo-cristiana, los discursos sobre los derechos humanos y la memoria de la Shoá, las doctrinas de seguridad nacional y el antisemitismo anticomunista nazi.
The Memory of the National and the National as Memory
Authors: Poblete Juan
Published: March 2015

This essay seeks to illuminate a different, more encompassing kind of transition than that from dictatorship to post-dictatorship (and its attendant forms of memory of military brutal force and human rights abuses) often privileged by studies of political violence and social memory. The focus is twofold: first, to describe a transition from the world of the social to that of the post-social, i.e. a transition from a welfare state-centered form of the nation to its neoliberal competitive state counterpart; and secondly, to analyze its attendant memory dynamics. The double articulation of collective memory under neoliberalism, the deep and recurring violence it has involved at both the social and the individual level, and its self-articulation as a social memory apparatus are apparent in two Chilean films exploring the logic (Pablo Larraín’s Tony Manero) and the history (Patricio Guzmán’s Nostalgia de la luz) of the implementation of this neoliberal memory apparatus in Chile.

Este trabajo intenta iluminar una transición más amplia que aquella entre dictadura y post-dictadura ( y sus correspondientes formas de memoria sobre la violencia militar o los abusos a los derechos humanos) que suele ser el objeto de estudio de los trabajos sobre violencia política y memoria social. Mi interés es doble: primero, describir una transición del mundo social al post-social (es decir, una transición desde una forma de estado-nación centrada en el estado de bienestar a su contraparte neoliberal y competitiva; y en segundo lugar, analizar sus correspondientes formas de memoria. La doble articulación de la memoria colectiva bajo el neoliberalismo, la profunda y recurrente violencia presente, tanto a nivel social como a nivel individual, y su autoarticulación como un aparato de la memoria social son evidentes en las dos películas chilenas Tony Manero de Pablo Larraín y Nostalgia de la luz de Patricio Guzmán que exploran la lógica y la historia de la implementación de este aparato de la memoria neoliberal en Chile.
Counterhegemony in the Media under Rafael Correa’s Citizens’ Revolution
Authors: Kitzberger Philip
Published: March 2015

The Citizens’ Revolution, the political process initiated in Ecuador with the presidential inauguration of Rafael Correa in 2007, initiated a radical transformation in the media comparable to other progressive governmental experiments in the region. The political process led by Correa has pursued a change in power relations and ownership, the introduction of regulation, the demystification of the established media discourse, and an abandonment of the market as a guiding principle in the media. From the perspective of the equitable redistribution of media power, however, it is still an open process whose outcome is uncertain.

La Revolución Ciudadana, el proceso político iniciado en el Ecuador con la investidura presidencial de Rafael Correa en 2007, inició una transformación radical en los medios de comunicación comparables a otros experimentos gubernamentales progresistas de la región. El proceso político liderado por Correa ha buscado un cambio en las relaciones de poder y la propiedad, la introducción de la regulación, la desmistificación del discurso de los medios establecidos, y un abandono del mercado como principio rector en los medios de comunicación. Desde la perspectiva de la redistribución equitativa de poder de los medios, sin embargo, sigue siendo un proceso abierto cuyo resultado es incierto.
Democratic Constitutionalism and Constitutional Innovation in Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Dalmau Rubén
Published: March 2015

Since the renewal of constituent power in the 1991 Colombian constitution, various democratic constitutions in Latin American countries have undertaken important structural changes in both the organization of public powers, the democratic legitimacy of power, and the constitutional reform of rights. Among these new constitutional texts in Latin America, the 2008 Ecuadorean constitution, with sumak kawsay (living well) as its axiological basis, stands out for its originality and theoretical advances as the first case of transitional constitutionalism. All these constitutions, however, are faced with an enforcement problem that hinders their operation as instruments of social transformation.

Desde la renovación del poder constituyente en la Constitución colombiana de 1991, varias constituciones democráticas en los países de América Latina han llevado a cabo importantes cambios estructurales tanto en la organización de los poderes públicos, la legitimidad democrática del poder, y la regeneración constitucional de los derechos. Entre estos nuevos textos constitucionales en América Latina, la constitución de Ecuador 2008, con el sumak kawsay (buen vivir) como su base axiológica, destaca por su originalidad y avances teóricos como el primer caso de constitucionalismo de transición. Todas estas constituciones, sin embargo, se enfrentan a un problema de aplicación que dificulta su funcionamiento como instrumentos de transformación social.
I Think I Am Doing Great but I Feel Pretty Bad About It
Authors: Holtgraves Thomas
Published: March 2015

Four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of responding to self-report items framed with either a cognitive verb (think) or an affective verb (feel). Participants’ open-ended self-descriptions were significantly more negative when they responded to a feel prompt than when they responded to a think prompt (Experiments 1 and 2). This effect persisted and influenced scores on a subsequent measure of self-esteem (Experiment 2). Substituting the verb think for feel in the Rosenberg self-esteem scale resulted in significantly higher reported self-esteem for female participants but not for male participants (Experiments 3 and 4). The research contributes to the literature demonstrating the subtle effects of word choice on responses to self-report items.
Non-cancer effects: science and values aspects of protection decisions
Authors: Lazo T.
Published: March 2015

The Nuclear Energy Agency organised its third workshop on ‘Science and values in radiological protection’ in November 2012 in Tokyo. One of the issues addressed, non-cancer effects, had also been addressed in the first two science and values workshops (Helsinki, Finland, 2008; Vaux-de-Cernay, France, 2009), but presented several new elements of relevance to International Commission on Radiological Protection discussions of the evolution of the system of radiological protection. Radiological protection science, both epidemiological and biological, now suggests that stroke and heart disease may well be caused by radiation exposure at doses of the order of 0.5 Gy or less. Further, it is possible that such detriments may be caused by either chronic or acute exposures. While significant uncertainties remain, the need to consider non-cancer detriment in risk assessment and in the development of protection strategies is now a significant scientific and ethical question. This paper will present the results of the Nuclear Energy Agency science and values workshop discussion of non-cancer risks, and of the questions and possible future directions raised during the workshop.
Review of the ICRP system of protection: the approach to existing exposure situations
Authors: Cool D.A.
Published: March 2015

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of protection consists of existing, planned, and emergency exposure situations. With the 2007 Recommendations in ICRP Publication 103, a coherent approach has been established that emphasises the optimisation of protection with appropriate constraints or reference levels in each exposure situation. Existing exposure situations pose unique challenges because the source of exposure already exists, and it may not always be possible to control the source directly. This is the case for naturally occurring sources, which are ubiquitous in the environment and vary widely in the magnitude of exposures that may be received by individuals. Decisions on protection strategies must consider a graded, pragmatic, and flexible approach for dealing with exposure of members of the public, and those that may be occupationally exposed while working with naturally occurring sources. Although limits are not applicable, aspects of the management approach for planned exposure situations may be appropriate, depending upon the magnitude of exposures.
Flannery O’Connor’s theology of friendship: Blasphemer and pagan landlady
Authors: Giannone Richard
Published: March 2015

Friendship in Flannery O’Connor’s world is scarce. Enmity prevails. Yet, in Wise Blood, O’Connor’s adversaries heal each other, as a self-mortifying blasphemer and covetous pagan woman forge a tie that opens a way to God. Drawing on monastic theology, this article traces their relationship from attraction, through intention, to a fruition that participates in divine life. The zeal of their bond further answers the often-heard charges that Wise Blood depicts a fraudulent Christianity that ignores the gospel call to ethical responsibility.
Discourse and intercourse inThe Kreutzer Sonata: A Schelerian perspective
Authors: Wyman Alina
Published: March 2015

This article discusses Tolstoy’s The Kreutzer Sonata as a case study of faulty emotional connections. Analysis centers on the story’s unsympathetic hero, the ideologically motivated wife-murderer Pozdnyshev, whose relationships with others are examined in the context of Max Scheler’s phenomenology of emotions. The article intends to demonstrate that the key moral problem in the tale is not that the hero fails to realize the ideal of neighborly love and compassion, which he preaches, but that this very ideal is deeply flawed. Scheler’s theory of empathy, with its distinction between active, productive empathy and the passive, merely reproductive kind, is highly relevant to Tolstoy’s problematics and is used as a tool of both psychological and philosophical analysis.
Veblen, Bataille and Financial Innovation
Authors: Gammon Earl , Wigan Duncan
Published: March 2015

This article advances towards the reconceptualization of financial innovation. It examines the calamitous role of financial innovation in the global financial crisis, developing a non-rational theorization of finance within the social economy that factors in the role of affect. Outlining the foundations for such an approach, the analysis draws on Thorstein Veblen and Georges Bataille, whose work encompasses psycho-social conceptions of political-economic agency. From the more anthropological lens of Veblen and Bataille's theorizations, it is possible to move beyond instrumentalist accounts of financial innovation premised on pecuniary expedients and aspirations of market completion. As we argue, in a broader affective economy, contemporary financial innovation serves invidious ends, providing a means of attaining social distinction, constituting a medium for violent expenditure and bestowing access to sovereign expression on its purveyors. Highlighting the non-rational dimension of financial markets prompts a reconsideration of the nature of crisis and the means of its redress.
Status of the Contralateral Rotator Cuff in Patients Undergoing Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Ro Kyung-Han , Park Jong-Hoon , Lee Soon-Hyuck , Song Dong-Ik , Jeong Ha-Joon , Jeong Woong-Kyo
Published: March 2015

Background:

Although the prevalence of rotator cuff tear (RCT) in the general population has been analyzed, little information is available on the status of the opposite-side rotator cuff in patients who have undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To identify the characteristics of the contralateral shoulder and to identify factors associated with RCT of the contralateral shoulder in patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic RCT. The hypothesis was that the prevalence of RCT in the contralateral shoulder would be higher in patients with increasingly larger cuff tears requiring surgical intervention.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The study cohort consisted of 140 patients with RCT who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Opposite-shoulder rotator cuff tendons of all patients were evaluated by ultrasonography. Demographic information and factors related to contralateral RCT were investigated, and risk factors associated with contralateral RCT were assessed.

Results:

Of the 140 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, 54 (38.6%) had an RCT of the contralateral shoulder. Of 51 patients with partial-thickness and small-sized full-thickness tears of the operated shoulder, 35 (68.6%) had no tears; 14 (27.5%) had partial-thickness tears; and 2 (3.9%) had small-sized full-thickness tears of the contralateral shoulder. Of 75 patients with medium-sized full-thickness tears, 43 (57.3%) had no tears; 12 (16%) had partial-thickness tears; and 20 (26.7%) had full-thickness tears of the contralateral shoulder. Of 14 patients with large to massive full-thickness tears, 8 (57.1%) had no tears; 1 (7.1%) had a partial-thickness tear; and 5 (35.7%) had full-thickness tears of the contralateral shoulder. The prevalence of RCT of the contralateral shoulder differed significantly among groups classified by tear size ( P = .007). The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was significantly lower in the RCT than in the nontear group (55.8 ± 16.9 vs 61.6 ± 13.3; P = .03). Of 29 subjects with symptomatic tears involving the nondominant arm, 17 (58.6%) had contralateral asymptomatic RCT, compared with 37 of 111 (33.3%) subjects with symptomatic tears involving the dominant arm ( P = .007).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of RCT of the contralateral asymptomatic shoulder tends to be higher in patients with more symptomatic RCT on one side, in patients with medium-sized or larger RCT in the operated shoulder, and in patients with symptomatic RCT in the nondominant arm.
Penetration impact resistance of novel tough steel fibre-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Mosleh Yasmine , Clemens Dorien , Gorbatikh Larissa , Verpoest Ignace , van Vuure Aart W
Published: March 2015

Conventional composites are susceptible to impact loading due to their low toughness. Novel annealed steel fibres possess a unique combination of high stiffness and high strain to failure. A range of composite laminates incorporating various steel fibre architectures with thermoplastic and thermoset matrices were produced and the low-velocity penetration impact resistance was characterized by falling weight impact tests, showing the high potential toughness of steel fibre composites. The effect of different parameters was determined. High matrix strain to failure allows a better exploitation of the steel fibre ductility. The higher absorbed energy up to penetration, in case of laminates with lower levels of fibre/matrix adhesion is attributed to fibre debonding, potential for more plastic deformation, and pull-out mechanisms. Thinner fibres are more sensitive to premature failure due to inclusions in the steel fibres. Cross-ply laminates show higher energy absorption, probably due to increased delamination, whereas woven fibre structures lead to more localized damage. A preliminary study shows that layer by layer (‘macro’) hybridization of carbon and steel fabrics leads to penetration impact resistance close to the pure steel fibre composite, in case the steel plies are placed on the outside surfaces, showing a significant positive effect of hybridization.
Biosorption of heavy metals by Pseudomonas species isolated from sugar industry
Authors: Naz Tayyaba , Khan Muhammad Daud , Ahmed Iftikhar , Rehman Shafiq ur , Rha Eui Shik , Malook Ijaz , Jamil Muhammad
Published: March 2015

Heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be efficient bioremediators of metals and may provide an alternative or additional method to conventional methods of metal removal. In this study, 10 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples of a sugar industry, located at Peshawar, Pakistan. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of these isolates were observed. Sequence analysis (16S ribosomal RNA) revealed that isolated strains were closely related to the species belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter. Bacterial isolates were resistant with a minimum inhibitory concentration (500–900 ppm) to lead ion (Pb2+), (500–600 ppm) nickel ion (Ni2+), (500–800 ppm) copper ion (Cu2+), and (600–800 ppm) chromium ion (Cr3+) in solid media. Furthermore, biosorption of metals proved considerable removal of heavy metals by isolated metal-resistant strains. Pseudomonas sp. reduced 37% (Pb2+), 32% (Ni2+), 29% (Cu2+), and 32% (Cr3+) and was thus found to be most effective, whereas Enterobacter sp. reduced 19% (Pb2+), 7% (Ni2+), 14% (Cu2+), and 21% (Cr3+) and was found to be least effective. While average reduction of Pb2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cr3+ by Citrobacter sp. was found to be 24%, 18%, 23%, and 27%, respectively, among recognized species. This study revealed that Pseudomonas sp. may provide a new microbial community that can be used for enhanced remediation of contaminated environment.
Nutrition‐Focused Physical Examination in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Green Corkins Kelly
Published: March 2015

A complete nutrition assessment includes several components: medical record review, anthropometric measurements, diet/nutrition intake, interview, and physical examination. The nutrition‐focused physical examination (NFPE) can identify or confirm muscle wasting, subcutaneous fat loss, and edema and clarify information gathered during the medical record review. The physical examination component of the nutrition assessment is more critical in pediatric patients because pediatric patients can become malnourished more quickly than adults and because prolonged malnutrition can negatively affect growth and development. In addition, case studies of micronutrient deficiencies, essential fatty acid deficiency, and protein‐calorie malnutrition with skin manifestations have been reported in developed countries. The etiologies of the deficiencies are chronic disease, long‐term tube feedings, or long‐term parenteral nutrition. An NFPE involves an in‐depth examination of the patient from head to toe by a trained nutrition professional. Nutrition professionals recognize the importance and value of an NFPE, yet it is seldom completed, particularly in pediatrics, most likely due to lack of training and lack of pediatric‐specific information or training opportunities. Although there are similarities between NFPE in pediatric and adult patients such as the techniques used (inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation), there are important differences related to growth and development. This review provides an overview of nutrition assessment with focus on the NFPE and aspects unique to the pediatric patient.
A Lack of Experience-Dependent Plasticity After More Than a Decade of Recovered Sight
Authors: Huber Elizabeth , Webster Jason M. , Brewer Alyssa A. , MacLeod Donald I. A. , Wandell Brian A. , Boynton Geoffrey M. , Wade Alex R. , Fine Ione
Published: March 2015

In 2000, monocular vision was restored to M. M., who had been blind between the ages of 3 and 46 years. Tests carried out over 2 years following the surgery revealed impairments of 3-D form, object, and face processing and an absence of object- and face-selective blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses in ventral visual cortex. In the present research, we reexamined M. M. to test for experience-dependent recovery of visual function. Behaviorally, M. M. remains impaired in 3-D form, object, and face processing. Accordingly, we found little to no evidence of the category-selective organization within ventral visual cortex typically associated with face, body, scene, or object processing. We did observe remarkably normal object selectivity within lateral occipital cortex, consistent with M. M.’s previously reported shape-discrimination performance. Together, these findings provide little evidence for recovery of high-level visual function after more than a decade of visual experience in adulthood.
Longitudinal analysis of lifestyle habits in relation to body mass index, onset of overweight and obesity: Results from a large population-based cohort in Sweden
Authors: de Munter Jeroen s. , Tynelius Per , Magnusson Cecilia , Rasmussen Finn
Published: March 2015

Aims: It is currently unknown whether the prevalence of obesity is increasing or has levelled off in Sweden and other Westernised countries. Given the major importance of lifestyle habits on weight status, we aimed to explore associations of longitudinal changes in lifestyle habits with changes in body mass index (BMI), and the onset of overweight and obesity. Methods: Participants (aged 18–84 years at baseline) were included from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort 2002–2010 ( n=23,108). Weight status was from self-reported height and weight. Investigated lifestyle habits were leisure-time physical activity, and fruit, alcohol and smoking habits. We estimated associations of stable, improving or worsening lifestyle habits with longitudinal changes in BMI and onset of overweight or obesity between 2002 and 2010. Results: Both men and women increased in weight during the eight years of follow-up. Incidence of obesity was lower in men who increased their leisure-time physical activity (Relative Risk [RR]=0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.81) than in inactive individuals; the same applied to women (RR=0.37, 0.25–0.54), and similar patterns were identified for overweight and BMI in both genders. Smoking cessation was associated with onset of obesity for men (RR=1.69, 1.15–2.50) and women (RR=1.99, 1.39–2.85). Stable low alcohol intake or decreasing alcohol intake and daily fruit intake was associated with less weight gain, but only in men. Conclusions: Improving physical activity in both men and women, and alcohol habits and fruit intake in men, prevents excess weight gain among adult people in Sweden. Such an improvement might diminish weight gain after smoking cessation.
Gambling frequency, gambling problems and concerned significant others of problem gamblers in Finland: Cross-sectional population studies in 2007 and 2011
Authors: Salonen Anne H. , Alho Hannu , Castrén Sari
Published: March 2015

Aims: This study compares past-year gambling frequency, gambling problems and concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers in Finland by age, from 2007 and 2011. Methods: We used random sample data collected in 2007 (n = 4722) and 2011 (n = 4484). The data were weighted, based on gender, age and region of residence. We measured the past-year gambling frequency using a categorical variable, while gambling severity was measured with the South Oaks Gambling Screen. We identified CSOs by a single question including seven response options. Chi-Squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Results: Overall, the past-year gambling frequency change was statistically significant between 2007 and 2011. Among 18–64-year-old Finnish people, the proportion of non-gamblers decreased. Yet, among 15–17-year-old respondents, non-gambling increased and gambling problems decreased. Among 18–24 year olds, the proportion of close ones with gambling problems also decreased. On the other hand, the proportion of family members with gambling problems increased among the 50–64 year olds. Conclusions: The increase in adult gambling participation was mainly explained by infrequent gambling. The proportion of gambling problems from the gamblers’ and CSOs’ perspective remained unchanged, yet significant changes were observed within age groups. The short-term changes in under-age gambling problems were desirable. Future studies should explore the adaptation and access hypotheses alongside gambling problems.
Influence of multiple UV exposures on serum cobalamin and vitamin D levels in healthy females
Authors: Juzeniene Asta , Baturaite Zivile , Lagunova Zoya , Grigalavicius Mantas , Porojnicu Alina C. , Bruland Øyvind S. , Moan Johan
Published: March 2015

Aims: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major source for vitamin D production. Furthermore, UV destroys cobalamins (also called vitamin B12) in solution. However, data from humans are scarce. The aim of the present study was to clarify if UV exposure has any effect on serum cobalamins, as compared to vitamin D levels, in healthy volunteers. Methods: This single-center, open observational study was conducted in a research institute: 23 non-pregnant, non-lactating, healthy, fair-skinned female subjects had their serum cobalamin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, the marker for vitamin D status) levels measured before and after exposure to UV. Results: UV exposure increased serum 25(OH)D levels from 61.6 nmol/L to 88.5 nmol/L (44%; p < 0.001). A statistically insignificant decay in serum cobalamin levels from 300 pmol/L to 260 pmol/L (13%; p = 0.142) was observed in the volunteers after the first UV exposure; however, no additional decline of statistical significance was seen after subsequent exposures. Conclusions: Multiple exposure to UV radiation give a significant increase in 25(OH)D levels, but has no detrimental effect on cobalamin concentrations.
Testing the police model for the handling and use of firearms against non-police subjects
Authors: Ivanovski Jonche , Rajkovchevski Rade
Published: March 2015

The use of firearms is an integral part of the police profession. The use of a gun, for example a standard firearm, imposes upon the user the need to know the relevant legal regulations (police authority), and requires professionalism and skills regarding its usage. This study, conducted over the period 2010–2012, gives results, conclusions and recommendations regarding the model for training police officers in the use of firearms (semi-automatic weapons). Students from three year groups at the Faculty of Security in Skopje (Former Police Academy) participated in the research. The results show correlations between knowledge of standard operative procedures for firearms usage and the methodological approach used during the firearms course. It is proved that, if the security measures and procedures that are part of the firearms course are taken into consideration, individuals with theoretical knowledge (students) can achieve good results in this course. This work hypothesises that additional shooting practice with more bullets may give better results, in other words, may improve efficiency.
Dementia beyond 2025: Knowledge and uncertainties
Authors: Kenigsberg Paul-Ariel , Aquino Jean-Pierre , Bérard Alain , Gzil Fabrice , Andrieu Sandrine , Banerjee Sube , Brémond François , Buée Luc , Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Mangialasche Francesca , Platel Hervé , Salmon Eric , Robert Philippe
Published: March 2015

Given that there may well be no significant advances in drug development before 2025, prevention of dementia–Alzheimer’s disease through the management of vascular and lifestyle-related risk factors may be a more realistic goal than treatment. Level of education and cognitive reserve assessment in neuropsychological testing deserve attention, as well as cultural, social, and economic aspects of caregiving. Assistive technologies for dementia care remain complex. Serious games are emerging as virtual educational and pleasurable tools, designed for individual and cooperative skill building. Public policies are likely to pursue improving awareness and understanding of dementia; providing good quality early diagnosis and intervention for all; improving quality of care from diagnosis to the end of life, using clinical and economic end points; delivering dementia strategies quicker, with an impact on more people. Dementia should remain presented as a stand-alone concept, distinct from frailty or loss of autonomy. The basic science of sensory impairment and social engagement in people with dementia needs to be developed. E-learning and serious games programs may enhance public and professional education. Faced with funding shortage, new professional dynamics and economic models may emerge through coordinated, flexible research networks. Psychosocial research could be viewed as an investment in quality of care, rather than an academic achievement in a few centers of excellence. This would help provide a competitive advantage to the best operators. Stemming from care needs, a logical, systems approach to dementia care environment through organizational, architectural, and psychosocial interventions may be developed, to help reduce symptoms in people with dementia and enhance quality of life. Dementia-friendly environments, culture, and domesticity are key factors for such interventions.
Pupils as active participants: Diamond ranking as a tool to investigate pupils’ experiences of classroom practices
Authors: Niemi Reetta , Kumpulainen Kristiina , Lipponen Lasse
Published: March 2015

This article is based on a pedagogical action research initiative carried out in a Finnish primary school. Twenty-four 5th grade pupils and their teacher participated in the study. The research initiative was guided by two questions: (1) How do pupils experience their classroom practices? (2) How can pupils participate in the process of developing classroom practices through diamond ranking? Photographs, diamond ranking and written narratives functioned as mediating tools between the pupils’ experiences and the narratives of their classroom experiences. Drama lessons were the experiences that were most appreciated by the pupils. The pupils ranked experiential learning, learning games and group work activities as medium-level experiences in the learning projects. They ranked activities that were strictly structured, such as tasks from a book or notebook exercises, at the bottom of the diamond. In sum, the study reveals that diamond ranking, together with written narratives, worked well as a tool to capture the pupils’ experiences of classroom pedagogy. The activity gave each pupil the opportunity to participate in the process of gathering and analysing data, and to acquire agency in evaluating and developing classroom practices.
Development of Interviewer Response Rate Standards for National Surveys
Authors: Erdman Chandra , Adams Tamara , O’Hare Barbara C.
Published: March 2015

Realistic response rate expectations are important for successfully allocating and managing data collection efforts under limited resources. Interviewer performance is often evaluated against response rate standards, and face-to-face interviewer performance can vary due to, in part, the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhoods in which they work, reflecting well-documented differences in survey participation by these characteristics. In this article, we describe a method to establish unified, data-driven response rate standards to evaluate field interviewers. Using U.S. Census and American Community Survey data at the block-group level of geography, we identify correlates of 2010 census participation and cluster the block groups into homogeneous strata. The resulting clusters vary in meaningful ways to differentiate participation rates in household surveys. We use response rates by cluster to establish interviewer response rate standards for these sample surveys. We describe the process for simulating response rate distributions and the procedure for identifying performance-level cutoffs.
“Waiting for Better Times”
Authors: Edhborg Maigun , Carlberg Magdalena , Simon Fia , Lindberg Lene
Published: March 2015

Swedish fathers are largely involved in their infant’s care, and Sweden has a generous parental leave, with 2 months especially assigned for fathers. The prevalence of depressive symptoms postpartum for fathers appears to be similar as for mothers in Sweden. This study aimed to describe fathers’ experiences of the first year postpartum, when they showed depressive symptoms 3 to 6 months postpartum. Semistructured interviews with 19 fathers were conducted and analyzed with content analysis. The fathers experienced loss of control and powerlessness due to discrepancies between their expectations and the reality they met after birth. They found the everyday-life turbulent, with much stress and worries for the infant, conflicts between family and work, and lack of support in everyday life. In addition, the fathers struggled with impaired partner-relationship, losses, and contradictory messages from both the society and their partners. These findings indicate that the fathers had difficulties to balance the competing demands of family, work, and their own needs. Thus, it is important to identify fathers with depressive symptoms at the Child Health Care Centers and attend to fathers’ needs of support and acknowledge them as parents equal to mothers.
Acute cardiomyopathy with MCAT abuse
Authors: Redfern Andrew , Sampson Caroline , Giovannelli Marco
Published: March 2015

Consent This article has been accepted for publication as a letter rather than a case report due to an inability to contact the patient to gain written or verbal consent for publication. The letter has been anonymised, and the author affiliations are available by request to the Editor-in-Chief. The manuscript has undergone extensive review by JICS editors and the Editor-in-Chief of another medical journal in order to ensure that the principles behind its publication strictly adhere to the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics. Caldicott Guardian approval for its publication has been given by the Executive Medical Director of the Trust in which the patient was treated. All reviewers believe that the message being imparted justifies its publication albeit in an anonymised form.
Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration successfully performed for a large gastric varix in combination with temporary occlusion of the splenic artery in a child
Authors: Yamagami Takuji , Yoshimatsu Rika , Kajiwara Kenji , Onitake Yoshiyuki , Hiyama Eizou , Awai Kazuo
Published: March 2015

We encountered a 10-year-old boy with a gastric varix that occurred after long-term treatment by Kasai’s hepatic portoenterostomy for biliary atresia for which balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) was performed. With the standard B-RTO procedure, sufficient distribution in the entire gastric varix could not be obtained. However, the gastric varix was successfully treated by the addition of occlusion of the splenic artery by inflation of a balloon catheter during B-RTO.
Soldiers and Buses
Authors: Burnham Margaret
Published: March 2015

The field of retrospective justice has spawned interesting scholarship on the complexities of redress for histories of slavery and Jim Crow, including reparation, official apologies, judicial remedies, and truth commissions. Although numerous studies of Jim Crow in the South have captured the social, economic, and political dynamics of the practice, in the realm of retrospective justice, adequate attention has not yet been given to the massive failure of criminal law enforcement agencies, state and federal, to respond to homicidal racial violence. Still underexplored are the patterns and prevalence of the violence, the specifics of federal/state collaboration, and the character of community resistance. This essay is based on a larger project that examines these questions; the project uses legal case studies to develop a comprehensive and qualitatively rich account of racial homicides in the 1930s and 1940s. and to engage affected communities in restorative justice practices. This particular study describes a range of harms, with a particular focus on homicide, experienced by soldiers and veterans in their encounters with Jim Crow transportation in the World War II era, and it argues that the incidence of violence was sufficiently acute and widespread so as to warrant current remedial measures, including official investigation and appropriate acknowledgment of government failures.
Strong and Flexible
Authors: Traicoff Denise A. , Suarez-Rangel Gloria , Espinosa-Wilkins Yescenia , Lopez Augusto , Diaz Anaite , Caceres Victor
Published: March 2015

Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) are recognized worldwide as an effective means to strengthen countries’ capacity in epidemiology, surveillance, and outbreak response. FETPs are field-based, with minimum classroom time and maximum time in the field, providing public health services while participants achieve competency. The Central America FETP (CAFETP) uses a three-level pyramid model: basic, intermediate, and advanced. In 2006, a multidisciplinary team used a methodical process based on adult learning practices to construct a competency-based curriculum for the CAFETP. The curriculum was designed based on the tasks related to disease surveillance and field epidemiology that public health officers would conduct at multiple levels in the system. The team used a design process that engaged subject matter experts and considered the unique perspective of each country. The designers worked backwards from the competencies to define field activities, evaluation methods, and classroom components. The 2006 pyramid curriculum has been accredited for a master’s of science in field epidemiology by the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and has been adapted by programs around the world. The team found the time and effort spent to familiarize subject matter experts with key adult learning principles was worthwhile because it provided a common framework to approach curriculum design. Early results of the redesigned curriculum indicate that the CAFETP supports consistent quality while allowing for specific country needs.