bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Teknik Vokal pada Choral Workshop PGRI Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Muhtar Sri Wahyuni
Published: July 2022

Bali International Choir Festival 2022 menjadi salah satu kegiatan PGRI Kabupaten Bone tahun ini, untuk mengikuti kegiatan tersebut telah dilaksanakan Choral Workshop mulai tanggal 12 sampai 15 Januari 2022. Kurangnya pemahaman tentang teknik vokal dan rendahnya keterampilan bernyanyi menggunakan berbagai teknik vokal sehingga pelatihan vokal dihadirkan pada Choral Workshop PGRI Kabupaten Bone. Pengabdi sebagai pelatih vokal menggunakan metode imitasi dan drill untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan bernyanyi kelompok paduan suara PGRI Kabupaten Bone menggunakan berbagai teknik vokal seperti teknik pernafasan diafragma, intonasi, phrasering dan artikulasi, dinamika hingga teknik interpretasi lagu. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan adanya pemahaman dan peningkatan keterampilan bernyanyi menggunakan berbagai teknik vokal mempersiapkan materi lagu Bugis sebagai identitas kelokalan Indonesia yang akan membaggakan di tingkat internasional.
Fine-sediment Supply Can Control Fluvial Deposit Architecture: An Example From the Blackhawk Formation-Castlegate Sandstone Transition, Upper Cretaceous, Utah, USA
Authors: Chamberlin Ellen P. , Hajek Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2022

The arrangement of channel and floodplain deposits in alluvial basins reflects the balance of subsidence, sediment supply, and channel avulsion behavior during accumulation. Approaches for reconstructing tectonic and climatic histories from alluvial architecture generally assume that floodplain preservation is primarily a function of channel mobility relative to long-term sediment-accumulation rate; however, the amount of mud supplied to a river network can significantly impact the baseline accumulation of fine-grained deposits in alluvial basins. Here we evaluate preserved fine-sediment volume fractions at the bedform, reach, and outcrop scale across the transition from the mudstone-dominated Blackhawk Formation to the sandstone-dominated Lower Castlegate Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous, Utah, USA). Results show a nearly 50% decrease in mud abundance across the Blackhawk-Castlegate transition at a range of morphodynamic scales (mud percent in bed material: 28.4% to 14.1%, interbar fine deposits: 39.6% to 22.1%, and outcrop architecture: 58% to 16%). This decrease in fine-grained sediment coincides with an abrupt increase in quartz abundance from Blackhawk to Castlegate sands, suggesting that unroofing quartz-rich source rock caused significant regional changes in the alluvial deposits. This result shows that changes in sediment supply grain size are detectable from bed to landscape scales and can cause major changes in stratigraphic architecture. This method of comparing sand-to-mud ratios can be broadly applied in other fluvial successions and in source-to-sink transects to better reconstruct mud fluxes through ancient fluvial networks and to investigate how rivers respond to changes in fine-sediment availability.
Moisture Sources for Precipitation Variability over the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Horan Matthew F. , Batibeniz Fulden , Kucharski Fred , Almazroui Mansour , Abid Muhammad Adnan , Fu Joshua S. , Ashfaq Moetasim
Published: July 2022

We apply the Lagrangian-based moisture back trajectory method to two reanalysis datasets to determine the moisture sources for wet season precipitation over the Arabian Peninsula, defined as land on the Asian Continent to the south of the Turkish border and west of Iran. For this purpose, we make use of the evaporative source region between 65°W–120°E and 30°S–60°N, which is divided into twelve sub-regions. Our results indicate north-to-south spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the characteristics of dominant moisture sources. In the north, moisture for precipitation is mainly sourced from midlatitude land and water bodies, such as the Mediterranean and Caspian Seas. Areas further south are dependent on moisture transport from the Western Indian Ocean and parts of the African continent. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle exhibits an overall positive but sub-seasonally varying influence on the precipitation variability over the region, with noticeable moisture anomalies from all major source regions. A significant drying trend exists over parts of the Peninsula, which both reanalyses partially attribute to anomalies in the moisture advection from the Congo Basin and South Atlantic Ocean. However, considerable uncertainty in evaporation trends over the terrestrial evaporative sources in observations warrants additional modeling studies to further our understanding of key processes contributing to the negative trends.
On Certain Types of Neutrosophic Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Padma P. , khalif Aliyaz
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce some types of NF graphs and operations. Also, we define the partial NF subgraph, spanning NF subgraph, strong degree of the vertex, total strong degree of the vertex and its properties are included.
Surface modification of cellulose by glutaric and succinic anhydride using solvent-free grafting process: A comparative study of surface functionalization
Authors: Fahim Hoda , Motamedzadegan Ali , Farahmanfar Reza , Khaligh Nader Ghaffari , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to compare the ability of glutaric and succinic anhydrides for surface modification of cellulose using the green and solvent-free grafting method. The conductometric titration results showed that both anhydrides could successfully introduce carboxylate functional groups on the cellulose surface with 1.5±0.2 and 3.5±0.2 mmol carboxylic acid/g cellulose for glutaric and succinic anhydride, respectively. The FTIR spectra demonstrated the presence of carboxyl functional groups on all samples, and the zeta potential results confirmed increasing surface charge from −10.9±0.6 to −23.03±1.7 mV for grafting with glutaric and succinic anhydride, respectively. SEM showed all samples had fibrous structure; however, fiber diameter and length decreased after the grafting process. DSC profiles showed that grafting could slightly change the apex temperature of treatments while not significantly changing the transition phases. The findings of this work suggest that glutaric anhydride can be used as a promising esterification agent in a greener, solvent-free, and catalyst-free grafting process.
Mesenchymal stem cells reverse the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Thakur Reva Sharan , Tiwari Mrinalini , Chauhan Rubika , Kalkal Meenu , Chaudhary Amrendra , Chattopadhyay Debprasad , Das Jyoti
Published: July 2022

Cerebral malaria-associated over expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines ultimately results in the up-regulation of adhesion molecules in the brain endothelium leading to sequestration of mature parasitized RBCs in the brain. The high-parasitic load subsequently results in increased mortality or development of neurological symptoms within a week of infection. Studies in the human and experimental cerebral malaria have implicated the breakdown of the integrity of blood-brain barrier during the lethal course of infection, cerebral dysfunction, and fatal organ pathologies that result in multi-organ failure.In the present study, using Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbANKA) as a mouse model and in vitro conditions, we have investigated the effect of MSCs to attenuate Cerebral malaria pathogenesis by diminishing the effect of inflammation altered organ morphology, reduced parasitemia and increased survival of the mice. MSCs are also validated for their role in preventing BBB dysfunction and reducing malarial toxins. It was observed that administration of MSCs significantly reduced parasitemia and increased survival in PbANKA infected mice. It was further demonstrated that MSCs play a significant role in reversing neurological complexities associated with cerebral malaria. Infusion of MSCs in infected mice decreased hemozoin deposition, oedema and heamorrhagic lesions in vascular organs. MSCs administration also preserved the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and reduced neural inflammation. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential of MSCs as an emerging anti-malarial candidate.
Assessing Spanish Health Literacy and Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in a Student-Run Free Clinic
Authors: Jones Nat C. , Fusani Anna Ulyanenkova , Cox Kaitlyn Maria , Martinez Valeria Pereira , Guerra Lucy , Gonzalez Eduardo
Published: July 2022

Background
While the incidence of cervical cancer continues to decrease, there is a significant discrepancy in incidence rates and screening behaviors among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white patients in the United States. This project examines the relationship between Spanish health literacy and cervical cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, and practices among native Spanish-speaking patients at risk for cervical cancer at the USF BRIDGE Healthcare Clinic, a student-run free clinic in Tampa, Florida.
Methods
Spanish-speaking patients ≥ 21 years (n = 34) participated in a quality improvement project that included an assessment of Spanish health literacy and a written survey on cervical cancer knowledge. Chi-squared tests were performed to assess potential relationships between health literacy and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, health behaviors, and demographics.
Results
Seven participants (20.6%) scored between 0–14 on the SAHL-S, indicating inadequate health literacy. A significant difference in cervical cancer health knowledge was found between patients with adequate health literacy compared to patients with inadequate health literacy (p = 0.002).
Conclusions
There is a potential association between low Spanish health literacy and subsequent poorer understanding of cervical cancer in BRIDGE patients. This implies that patients of low health literacy may have poorer comprehension of other aspects of their care beyond cervical cancer screening. Strategies are discussed to improve communication with BRIDGE patients of low Spanish health literacy that may be applicable to other patient populations.
Adherence to Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation and Associated Factors among Mothers receiving Antenatal Care in Lira District, Uganda: A cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Ssewankambo Usaama , Nakaziba Rebecca
Published: July 2022

Background
Prenatal Iron and Folic Acid supplementation is an economical way of decreasing iron and folic acid deficiency anaemia amongst expectant mothers in resource limited countries like Uganda. This study was geared toward assessing the levels of compliance to Iron and Folic Acid Supplements as well as the associated factors amongst mothers receiving prenatal services in Lira district, Uganda.
Methods
252 pregnant mothers were enlisted in a cross-sectional study at Lira Regional Referral Hospital at the antenatal clinic. Adherence levels to Iron and Folic Acid Supplements were evaluated using a visual analogue scale and the associated factors were compiled through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The findings were analyzed using SPSS software and reported in tables.
Results
Only 46% of the mothers attending the antenatal clinic adhered to iron and folic acid supplements over 30-day period of the previous month before the study. Participants who had good knowledge of Iron and Folic Acid Supplements before recruitment (OR 1.49 95% CI 1.12–1.97), using any reminder technique (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.09) and being supported by their partner or relatives (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07–2.29) were more likely to have good adherence. Forgetfulness and fear of taking too many tablets were the main reasons for missed iron and folic acid supplements.
Conclusions
There was low adherence to iron and folic acid supplements among mothers attending antenatal clinic in Lira district. We recommend further investigations into the hindrances to adherence and provision of comprehensive health education to pregnant mothers.
Predictors of outcome after endovascular treatment for Tandem Occlusions: a single center retrospective analysis
Authors: Enriquez Brian Anthony , Nome Terje , Nome Cecilie G. , Tennøe Bjørn , Lund Christian G. , Beyer Mona K. , Skjelland Mona , Aamodt Anne Hege
Published: July 2022

Background
The endovascular treatment procedure in tandem occlusions (TO) is complex compared to single occlusion (SO) and optimal management remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and procedural factors that may be associated to efficacy and safety in the management of TO and compare functional outcome in TO and SO stroke patients.
Methods
This is a prospective, observational single center study of medium (MeVO) and large vessel occlusion (LVO) of the anterior circulation. Clinical, imaging, and interventional data were analyzed to identify predictive factors for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and functional outcome after endovascular treatment (EVT). Functional outcome in TO and SO patients was compared.
Results
Of 662 anterior circulation stroke patients with MeVO and LVO stroke, 90 (14%) had TO. Stenting was performed in 73 (81%) of TO patients. Successful reperfusion with modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) ≥ 2b was achieved in 82 (91%). SICH occurred in seven (8%). The strongest predictors for sICH were diabetes mellitus and number of stent retriever passes. Good functional clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at 90-day follow up was similar in TO and SO patients (58% vs 59% respectively). General anesthesia (GA) was associated with good functional outcome whereas hemorrhage in the infarcted tissue, lower mTICI score and history of smoking were associated with poor outcome.
Conclusions
The risk of sICH was increased in patients with diabetes mellitus and those with extra stent-retriever attempts. Functional clinical outcomes in patients with TO were comparable to patients with SO.
WITHDRAWN: Genome-wide surveying of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) lines for idetifying loci of ZYMV resistance
Authors: Gokbulut Tarik , Fidan Hakan , Fırat Ahmet Fikret , Coskun Omer Faruk , Pinar Hasan , Gulsen Osman
Published: July 2022

Control of virus diseases such as zuchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) of cucumber causing major yield and quality losses is impossible by using any chemical pesticide except for using elimination of vectors of viruses and resistant cultivar. The objectives of this study were to investigate structure of genetic resistance to ZYMV of cucumber for marker-assisted selection (MAS). Forty-eigth resistant and 48 susceptible lines were selected from a germplasm of 600 cucumber lines. Bulk DNAs of resistant and susceptible lines were screened to find candidate marker(s) by using ISSR, RAPD and a cleaved amplified polymorphism (CAP) primers, which targeted over 5000 loci of cucumber. Candidate markers later were applied to 96 lines including 48 resistance and susceptible lines to find associating markers. A total of 54 candidate marker loci were produced, which were clustered into two groups based on Dice’, average distance, simple matching and correlation similarity matrices. In the association analyses by using TASSEL software, associating markers were detected. These markers were then subjected to backward regression analysis by SAS program. The results explained %78 of total variation for ZYMV. The remaining 22% of the variation was possibly due to presence of additional gene(s) and environmental effect that caused lower repeatability.
The impact of income gap on the CO2 emission and grey trend prediction
Authors: Cai Kai , Pan Xiaoying , Wu Lifeng
Published: July 2022

The CO2 emissions of urban and rural are different. The research on the life and production of urban and rural residents can help to adjust the carbon emission policy more accurately. The income gap between urban and rural residents is an important embodiment of the differences in the life and production of urban and rural. Taking the income gap between urban and rural residents as an input variable, the non-equidistant grey model with conformable fractional accumulation (CFNGM(1,1)) is used to predict the CO2 emissions of six provinces in China. The CFNGM(1,1) model is a novel grey prediction model, which satisfies that the input sequence is non-equidistant sequence. The predicted results show that there is a large income gap in East China, and the CO2 emissions are increasing. The income gap in Northwest China is relatively smaller, and the CO2 emissions are gradually reduced. It is concluded that there is a positive correlation between the income gap and the CO2 emission. Based on the cases analysis, it is verified that the life and production of urban and rural have different effects on CO2 emission. Finally, based on the research results, the suggestions for sustainable development of environment and economy are put forward.
The health and climate benefits of economic dispatch
in China’s power system
Authors: Luo Qian , Garcia-Menendez Fernando , Yang Haozhe , Deshmukh Ranjit , He Gang , Lin Jiang , Johnson Jeremiah
Published: July 2022

China’s power system is highly regulated and uses an “equal-share" dispatch approach. However, market mechanisms are being introduced to reduce generation costs and improve system reliability. Here, we quantify the climate and human health impacts brought about by this transition, modeling China’s power system operations under economic dispatch. We find that significant reductions in mortality related to air pollution (11%) and CO2 emissions (3%) from the power sector can be attained by economic dispatch, relative to the equal-share approach, through more efficient coal-powered generation. Additional health and climate benefits can be achieved by incorporating emission externalities in electricity generation costs. However, the benefits of the transition to economic dispatch will be unevenly distributed across China and may lead to increased health damages in some regions. Our results show the potential of dispatch decision-making in electricity generation to mitigate negative impacts of power plant emissions with existing facilities in China.
Characterization, Seasonal Variations, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in the Urban Site of Agra, India
Authors: Sah Dinesh
Published: July 2022

The present study evaluated the concentration, seasonal variations, source identification and health risk through inhalation of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Si and Pb) in fine particulate matter. Samples of PM2.5 were collected from an urban site in Agra (27°10′N, 78°05′E), India during January 2018 to January 2019. A total of 48 samples of PM2.5 were collected using Fine Particulate Sampler (Envirotech APM 550) set at a flow of 16.6 L min− 1 on 47 mm quartz fiber filters (Pallflex, Tissuquartz) for 24 h. Heavy metals were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) after acid digestion. The average PM2.5 mass concentration was 107 ± 57.85 µg m− 3 which has been compared with NAAQS and WHO limit was found to be higher. Seasonal variation of PM2.5 showed: winter > post-monsoon > summer > monsoon. The average concentration of heavy metals lied within the range of 4.92 to 505.38 ng m− 3. Among heavy metals, the high concentration belonged to Si (505.38 ng m− 3) and Fe (281.23 ng m− 3). The highest metal concentration occurred in the winter season followed by post-monsoon, summer and monsoon seasons. The enrichment factor was used to estimate the main sources of the metals in PM2.5. Two factors were identified using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) at the urban site including resuspended road dust, vehicular activities, solid waste incineration, industrial emission and construction activities. To assess the health risks through inhalation exposure pathway hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR) were estimated. The carcinogenic risks of Pb (for both children and adults) Cd (for children) were lower than the precautionary criterion (1×10− 6), while Cd for children and As, Cr and Ni for both children and adults were higher than 1×10− 6. The non-carcinogenic risks of As, Cd, Cr, Mn and V for both children and adults were lower than the safe level of 1, whereas Ni for both children and adults were higher than the safe level of 1. The HI values of all heavy metals for both children and adults were higher than the safe level of 1 indicating a non-carcinogenic adverse health effect. The results of the present study impart information for the behaviour and risk mitigation of heavy metals.
Sustainable-use marine protected areas to improve human nutrition
Authors: Viana Daniel , Gill David , Zvoleff Alex , Krueck Nils , Zamborain-Mason Jessica , Free Christopher , Shepon Alon , Mascia Michael , Grieco Dana , Schmidhuber Josef , Golden Christopher
Published: July 2022

Coral reef fisheries are a vital source of nutrients for thousands of nutritionally vulnerable coastal communities around the world. Here, we evaluated the potential effects of expanding sustainable-use marine protected areas (MPAs) to improve the nutrition of coastal communities. Using information from underwater visual surveys from 2,518 sites located in 53 countries, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the average effect of existing sustainable-use MPAs reef fish biomass and explored how that may alter fish catch, and the nutrients supplied to local communities. We then estimated the potential nutritional benefits of expanding sustainable-use MPAs to all non-MPA coral reefs globally. We found that existing sustainable use MPAs have on average 15% more biomass than open access reefs. Translating this into catch, we estimated that expanding sustainable-use MPAs could increase catch potential by 0-20%, which could prevent 0.53-1.95 million cases of inadequate micronutrient intake globally, a fraction of the people who would continue to be sustained by this foundation of coastal food systems. Our study estimates the potential nutritional benefits of expanding sustainable-use MPAs and pinpoints locations with the greatest potential to reduce inadequate micronutrient intake levels, critical knowledge given the strong international movement to cover 30% of our oceans with MPAs by 2030.
Towards Safe Cholinergic Modulators: Investigating the Action of Berberine Nanoparticles
Authors: Leimann Fernanda Vitória , Souza Luma Borges , Oliveira Byanca Pereira Moreira , Rossi Bruna Franzon , Silva Patrícia Sabino , Shiraishi Carlos Seiti Hurtado , Foleis Vanessa Kaplum , Abreu Rui Miguel , Pereira Carla , Barros Lillian , Peron Ana Paula , Ineu Rafael Porto , Oechsler Bruno Francisco , Sayer Claudia , Araújo Pedro Henrique Hermes , Gonçalves Odinei Hess
Published: July 2022

Researchers have concentrated efforts in the search for natural-based reversible inhibitors for cholinesterase enzymes because they may play a key role in the treatment and cure of degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Disease. Diverse alkaloids from plants can inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and, among them, berberine is a promising bioactive. Although the mechanism of action of berberine still needs to be fully elucidated, the major concern lies in its poor water solubility and consequent low bioavailability. The solid dispersion technique is a well-known procedure to improve the water affinity of hydrophobic substances, however, the obtention of berberine solid dispersions is yet to be truly investigated. It is also of key importance to elucidate the safety aspects of the berberine-loaded solid dispersions and a range of tests can be applied, such as in vitro cytotoxicity in cell lines and in vivo tests using model organisms. In this work, berberine-loaded solid dispersions were obtained and evaluated as inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). A polypropylene glycol / polyethylene glycol triblock copolymer was used in the solid dispersion formation. In a first step, the influence of berberine on AChE was investigated by docking simulation, showing the active sites in which berberine may anchor to the enzyme. The enzymatic reactions involved in the action of AChE on the acetylcholine were investigated by kinetic modeling. In vitro assays were carried out to confirm the enzymatic kinetics of AChE in the presence of berberine. berberine nanoparticles exerted an improved cytotoxic effect on tumoral cells demonstrating the improvement in water affinity. In vivo assays in Allium cepa were implemented showing that no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity is expected for the berberine solid dispersion. Berberine-loaded solid dispersions may represent a significant step towards safe nanostructures to be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the high temperature-induced damage is a significant factor affecting the osmotic function of gill tissue in cold-water fish
Authors: Yang Shiyong , Li Datian , Feng Langkun , Zhang Chaoyang , Xi Dandan , Liu Hongli , Yan Chaozhan , Xu zihan , zhang Yujie , Li Yunkun , Yan Taiming , He Zhi , Wu Jiayun , Gong Quan , Du Jun , Huang Xiaoli , Du Xiaogang
Published: July 2022

Background
Maintaining osmotic balance plays an important role in the normal operation and survival of cold-water fish. High water temperature has been proven to reduce the activity of NA+-K+-ATPase in the gill. However, the mechanism of megatemperature affect gill osmoregulation has not been fully elucidated.
Results
In this study, A.baerii, as a kind of iconic cold-water fish, was used to analyze histological alterations, plasma ion content, and transcriptional responses of gill of A.baerii, subjected to 20℃, 24℃and 28℃. We found that ROS levels in gill tissue increased and the gill damage deteriorated along with the temperature rising. Moreover, plasma Cl− levels at 28℃ were much lower than those in the other two groups, and there were no significant differences in Na+ and K+ ions among all trials. At the same time, the transcriptome data indicated that there were significant changes in injury-related pathways and genes at 24℃and 28℃. Meanwhile, GO enrichment analysis showed a large number of genes related to ion transport function changed with temperature increasing during cell processes. We discovered that as temperature increased, the expression of genes that regulate ion outflow (OCLN) and active ion absorption (AE2, NHE3, CLC-2) increased, while NKA-a expression decreased. Furthermore, the changes in osmotic regulation genes and the degree of tissue damage at 28℃ were significantly higher than those in the other two groups, indicating that the degree of heat stress-induced injury affects the osmotic regulation function of gill tissue.
Conclusions
this study reveals for the first time that the tissue damage caused by high temperature affects the function and the response mechanism of the osmotic regulation in gill of cold-water fish. It provides reference data for the study on the physiological function of cold-water fish under global warming.
Integrated single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics captures transitional states in soybean nodule symbiosis establishment
Authors: Liu Zhijian , Kong Xiangying , Long Yanping , Zhang Hong , Jia Jinbu , Qiu Li-juan , Zhai Jixian , Yan Zhe
Published: July 2022

Legumes form symbiosis with rhizobium leading to the development of nitrogen-fixing nodules. By integrating single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics, we established a cell atlas of soybean nodules and roots. In central infected zone of nodule, we found that uninfected cells specialize into functionally distinct sub-groups during nodule development and revealed a transitional subtype of infected cells with enriched nodulation-related genes. Overall, our results provide a single-cell perspective for understanding rhizobium-legume symbiosis.
Critical care nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward using ventilator waveform monitoring to detect patient-ventilator asynchrony: A cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed Ezzelregal , Mohamed Farida Khalil , Ghoneam Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Background
Most mechanically ventilated patients will be exposed to some asynchrony with the ventilator. Inability to detect and manage patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) as early as possible may lead to poor outcomes, including, but not limited to, prolonged mechanical ventilation, extended ICU stay, and higher mortality. Critical care nurses as primary health care providers may achieve significant participation in the timely detection of PVA. Waveform monitoring is a non-invasive and reliable method, but it is also regarded as a challenging task even for skilled clinicians. The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge level and attitude of critical care nurses in Egypt regarding the use of ventilator waveform monitoring to detect PVA.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was carried out in three intensive care units in three hospitals in Alexandria, Egypt. The questionnaire comprised four parts to evaluate critical care nurses' level of knowledge and attitude regarding ventilator waveform monitoring and assessed their ability to detect PVA.
Results
Most nurses (88.1%) have poor knowledge levels and negative attitudes (93.1%) toward using waveform monitoring to detect PVA. A significant relationship was found between nurses' knowledge of ventilator waveform monitoring and previous training programs on mechanical ventilation (P = 0.031). In addition, a significant relationship between nurses' attitude toward ventilator waveform monitoring and their level of education (P = 0.002), and their attendance in previous courses containing waveform analysis (P = 0.020) was noted. A highly significant relation (P = 0.000) was detected between nurses' level of knowledge and their attitude toward ventilator waveform monitoring.
Conclusions
The majority of the critical care nurses have poor knowledge and negative attitudes regarding using ventilator waveform monitoring to detect PVA. Previous training on mechanical ventilation and attendance of courses on ventilator waveform analysis was found to be significantly correlated with nurses' level of knowledge and attitude regarding ventilator waveform monitoring.
International cooperation could help avert a major food crisis due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Kuhla Kilian , Puma Michael , Schewe Jacob , Kubiczek Patryk , Otto Christian
Published: July 2022

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is a major threat to the global food system. We explore multiple scenarios for global annual wheat prices and country supplies, finding that prices could spike by up to 65%, exceeding the price spikes of the two recent world food price crises in 2007/08 and 2010/11 if the war escalates any further and national policy makers react uncoordinatedly and unilaterally. International cooperation and leadership are urgently needed to help coordinate an effective international response.
The Correction Factor of Monterey No.0/30 sample with fines content Liquefaction Resistance between Cyclic Triaxial and Cyclic Hollow Cylinder Tests
Authors: Liu Jungang , Chen Geng
Published: July 2022

Soil liquefaction is one of the most detrimental forms of earthquake-induced ground failure that can result in catastrophic damage to engineering structures. For the seismic safety evaluation of foundations and high-rise structures, it is the most critical way to assess liquefaction resistance. In this paper, an array number of isotropically consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests (CTT) and cyclic hollow cylinder tests (CHCT) have been performed to evaluate soil liquefaction resistance. Thirty-seven isotopically consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests and thirty-seven cyclic hollow cylinder tests were run on the uniform medium Monterey No. 0/30 sand and it is with four different percentages of fine content. By using cyclic triaxial and cyclic hollow cylinder tests for evaluating liquefaction resistance, it helps us better understand the relationship between two types of tests on uniform clean Monterey No.0/30 sand and soil sample with five different percentages of fines content. Four different relative densities of 30%,45%,50%, and 60%, two confining pressure of 103kpa and 207kpa, five cyclic stress ratios (0.15,0.2,0.25,0.3 and 0.4) have been used for a series of cyclic triaxial tests and cyclic hollow cylinder tests. At the same relative densities of 30 percent and 60 percent, the correction factor between CTT and CHCT evaluated range from 0.46 to 0.63 on the uniform clean Monterey No.0/30 sand. Statistical analyses were performed to formulate functional relationships for predicting the correction factor of soil liquefaction resistance between CTT and CHCT tests.
Neuronal progenitors of the dentate gyrus express the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor during migration in the developing human hippocampus
Authors: Hernandez-Lopez Jose Manuel , Hernandez-Medina Cristina , Medina-Corvalan Cristina , Rodenas Monica , Almagro Francisca , Carratala Francisco , Geijo-Barrientos Emilio , Martinez Salvador
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic spread around the world due to the enormous capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to be transmitted among humans, causing a threat to global public health. It has been shown that the entry of this virus into cells is highly facilitated by the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the cell membrane. Currently, we have no precise knowledge of how this receptor expresses in the brain of human embryos and, as a consequence, we do not know how susceptible the neural cells in the developing brain are to being infected through the vertical transmission of this virus, from mother to fetus. In this work we describe the expression of ACE2 in the human brain at 20 weeks of gestation. This stage corresponds to the period of neuronal generation, migration and differentiation in the cerebral cortex. We describe the specific expression of ACE2 in neuronal precursors and migratory neuroblasts of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. This finding implies that SARS-CoV-2 infection during the fetal period may affect neuronal progenitor cells and alter the normal development of the brain region where memory engrams are generated. Thus, although vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection was reported in few cases, the massive infection rate of young people in terms of the new variants leads to the possibility of increasing the ratio of congenital infections and originating cognitive alterations, as well as neuronal circuit anomalies that may represent vulnerability to mental problems throughout life.
Multimodal deep learning for COVID-19 prognosis prediction in the emergency department: a bi-centric study.
Authors: Dipaola Franca , Gatti Mauro , Levra Alessandro Giaj , Menè Roberto , Shiffer Dana , Faccincani Roberto , Raouf Zainab , Secchi Antonio , Querini Patrizia Rovere , Voza Antonio , Badalamenti Salvatore , Solbiati Monica , Costantino Giorgio , Savevski Victor , Furlan Raffaello
Published: July 2022

Clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients is still a challenging event to predict in the emergency department (ED). The present study developed an artificial neural network using textual and tabular data from ED electronic medical reports. Predicted outcomes were 30-day mortality and ICU admission. Consecutive patients between February 20 and May 5, 2020, from Humanitas Research Hospital and San Raffaele Hospital, in the Milan area, were included. COVID-19 patients were 1296. Textual predictors were patient history, physical exam, and radiological reports. Tabular predictors were age, creatinine, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and platelet count. Tabular-textual model performance indices were compared to a model implementing only tabular data. For 30-day mortality, the combined model yielded slightly better performances than the tabular model, with AUC 0.84 ± 0.02, F-1 score 0.56 ± 0.04 and an MCC 0.44 ± 0.04. Tabular model performance was: AUC 0.84 ± 0.02, F-1 score 0.55 ± 0.03 and MCC 0.43 ± 0.04. As for ICU admission, the combined model was not superior to the tabular one. The present data points to the effectiveness of a textual and tabular model for COVID-19 prognosis prediction. Also, it may support the ED physician in their decision-making process.
Diagnosis and treatment of 2 cases of sleep disorder in military flight personnel and the aeromedical identification
Authors: Sun Nannan , Liu Hongjin
Published: July 2022

Objective To explore the diagnosis, treatment and aviation medical identification of sleep disorders in flight personnel. Methods All methods are performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines. The diagnosis, treatment and aviation medical identification of 2 cases of flight personnel with sleep disorders were retrospectively analyzed and the related literatures were reviewed.Results An air mechanic (case 1) expressed abnormal behavior during sleep. The video electroencephalogram monitoring showed episodic abnormal behavior that was manifested involuntary movement of limbs (obviously on the right side) and flapping action in his first admission examination. Synchronous electroencephalogram showed a large number of electromyography motion artifacts throughout the whole course, and a few scattered suspicious spiky waves were observed in the right temporal region during the interictal period. Polysomnography (PSG) indicated abnormal sleep behavior, confusional arousals. No more obvious abnormality was found by PSG and video electroencephalogram when the reexaminations conducted. Case 2 was a bomber pilot with lower extremities discomfort, difficulty in falling asleep and easy to wake up at night. Restless legs syndrome was diagnosed according to the patient′s symptoms, PSG, braking test, response to treatment and exclusion of other possible causes of the symptoms. The symptoms disappeared by treatment. Both cases were qualified for flight. Conclusion Abnormal sleep of flight personnel is rarely reported. The relevant personnel, such as aviation doctors should raise awareness of abnormal sleep among flight personnel. According to the clinical symptoms and related examinations of the pilots, diagnosis and treatment should be made as soon as possible, and individualized diagnosis, treatment and identification should be carried out according to their responsibilities and curative effects.
A New Denitrification Pathway in Oxygen-Rich Aquatic Environments through Long-Distance Electron Transfer
Authors: Elimelech Menachem , Wei Ming-Zhi , Yang Qin-Zheng , Xue An , Winter Lea , Zhao Huazhang
Published: July 2022

The lack of electron donors in oxygen-rich aquatic environments limits the ability of natural denitrification to remove excess nitrate, leading to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Herein, we demonstrate that electron rich substances in river or lake sediments could participate in long-distance electron rebalancing to reduce nitrate in overlying water. A microstructure containing Dechloromonas and consisting of an inner layer of green rust and an outer layer of lepidocrocite forms in the sediment-water system through synergetic evolution and self-assembly. The microstructure enables long-distance electron transfer from the sediment to dilute nitrate in the overlying water. Specifically, the inner green rust adsorbs nitrate and reduces the kinetic barrier for denitrification via an Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox mediator. Our study reveals the mechanism of spontaneous electron transfer between distant and dilute electron donors and acceptors to achieve denitrification in electron-deficient aquatic systems.
Thermoelectric coupling deep drawing process of ZK60 magnesium alloys
Authors: Zhan Le , Li Ruixing , Wang Junzhi , Xue Xin , Wang Yiming , Lv Zhiqing
Published: July 2022

In this work, thermal deep drawing and thermoelectric coupling drawing tests were performed on an annealed ZK60 magnesium alloy sheet to investigate the effect of the pulse current on the formability of the ZK60 magnesium alloy during the drawing process. The effects of thermal deep drawing and the thermoelectric coupling on the forming of drawn parts were studied, and the change laws of the thinning rate and hardness were obtained. The results showed that the use of pulse current improved the formability of the ZK60 magnesium alloy and increased the ultimate depth of drawing. The hardness value of the drawn part showed an overall increasing trend, followed by thermoelectric coupling deep drawing, which was significantly higher than the sheet after annealing without deep drawing. The deep-drawn parts had varied grain sizes in different places, and dynamic recrystallization occurred to varying degrees in each region. Furthermore, the degree of dynamic recrystallization in the punch fillet and cylinder wall was significantly higher than in other areas.
The Applicability of Species Sensitivity Distributions to the Development of Generic Doses for Phytosanitary Irradiation
Authors: Penca Cory , Beam Andrea L. , Bailey Woodward D.
Published: July 2022

Phytosanitary irradiation is used as a commodity treatment to prevent the introduction of pests through trade. Generic doses are a valuable means to increase the number of pest-commodity combinations that can be treated using phytosanitary irradiation. Generic doses allow for the treatment of the entire taxa for which the dose has been improved, allowing for the treatment of untested species. As such, the approval of a generic dose requires substantial supporting data and careful consideration of the risks involved. We adopt the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) framework, already in widespread use in the field of ecotoxicology and environmental risk assessment, to evaluate generic doses for phytosanitary irradiation treatments. Parametric SSDs for Curculionidae and Tephritidae were developed using existing data on efficacious phytosanitary irradiation treatments. The resulting SSDs provided estimates of the taxa coverage expected by the generic dose, along with the margin of uncertainty. The SSD analysis lends support to the existing 150 gray generic dose for Tephritidae and a proposed 175 gray generic dose for Curculionidae. The quantitative estimates of risk produced by the SSD approach can be a valuable tool for phytosanitary rule making, improving the process for generic dose development and approval.
Association evaluation of 5-HTR2A manifested salient contribution of rs6311 and rs6313 in increasing the occurrence of schizophrenia
Authors: Massoud Sareh , Salmanian Maryam , Tabibian Mobina , Ghamari Rana , Tavabe-Ghavami Toktam-Sadat , Alizadeh Fatemeh
Published: July 2022

Objective: Schizophrenia is an acute mental disorder with undefined etiology. The high heritability of the disease hints that several genetic variants and polymorphisms contribute to schizophrenia symptoms and severity. Former molecular evidence shed a light on the association of serotonergic pathway genetic polymorphisms with schizophrenia. Here, we investigated the association between schizophrenia and two SNPs from one haplotype block, which lies within 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A(5-HTR2A) in the Iranian population. Material and methods: Blood samples were collected from one-hundred and fifty-two patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and one-hundred and fifty-eight age and sex matched healthy control. Participants were genotyped for rs6311 and rs6313 using PCR-RFLP. R programming language and Haploview software respectively were leveraged for statistical and haplotype inference. Results: The results signified that there was no significant association between rs6313 and schizophrenia. However, rs6311 T allele independently and in a rs6311-rs6313 haplotype significantly associated with schizophrenia. Also, the general linear model confirmed the potential predictor role of rs6311 for schizophrenia. Moreover, the C allele of rs6313 demonstrated more frequency among females compared to males. Conclusion: This study elucidated the association of rs6311 and rs6311-rs6313 haplotype with schizophrenia in the Iranian population and also suggested a potential schizophrenia risk predictor role for rs6311.
Transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle using different sources of dietary fatty acids in male pigs
Authors: Fanalli Simara Larissa , Silva Bruna Pereira Martins , Gomes Julia Dezen , Almeida Vivian Vezzoni , Moreira Gabriel Costa Monteiro , Silva-Vignato Bárbara , Afonso Juliana , Freitas Felipe André Oliveira , Reecy James M. , Koltes James E. , Koltes Dawn , Garrick Dorian , Regitano Luciana Correia Almeida , Balieiro Júlio César Carvalho , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Fukumasu Heidge , Poleti Mirele Daiana , Alencar Severino Matias , Filho Albino Luchiari , Cesar Aline Silva Mello
Published: July 2022

BackgroundPork is of great importance in world trade and represents the largest source of fatty acids in the human diet. Lipid sources such as soybean oil (SOY), canola (CO), and fish oil (FO) are used in pig diets and influence blood parameters and the ratio of deposited fatty acids. Scientific studies that improve our nutrigenomic knowledge about pig and human health through the consumption of pork are of great importance. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate changes in gene expression in porcine skeletal muscle tissue resulting from the dietary oil sources and to identify metabolic pathways and biological process networks through RNA-Seq.ResultsThe addition of FO in the diet of pigs led to intramuscular lipid with a higher FA profile composition of C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, and SFA (C16:0 and C18:0). Blood parameters for the FO group showed lower cholesterol and HDL content compared with CO and SOY groups. Skeletal muscle transcriptome analyses revealed 65 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR 10%) between CO vs SOY, and 531 DEG for SOY vs FO comparison, and 32 DEG for CO vs FO. The enrichment analysis of the DEG lists revealed lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, and inflammation processes networks, such as "regulation of lipid metabolism: RXR-dependent regulation of lipid metabolism via PPAR, RAR and VDR", “transport HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport”, and "TNF- α , IL-1 β induce dyslipidemia and inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes in adipocytes". ConclusionThe genes identified in this study provided relevant information on biological processes and lipid metabolism pathways. The enrichment of the basal diet with oil containing different FA profiles influenced fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat, blood parameters, and the gene differential expression in metabolic pathways and processes network in skeletal muscle of pigs. The results provide mechanisms to help us understand the behavior of genes according to fatty acids.
Beyond a ‘perfect fit’: the interplay between morphology and spatiotemporal overlap as determinants of microstructure in a bat-flower network
Authors: Diniz Ugo Mendes , Aguiar Ludmilla Moura de Souza
Published: July 2022

Plant-pollinator interactions in diverse tropical communities are often predicted by a combination of ecological variables, yet the interaction drivers between flower-visiting bats and plants at the community level are poorly understood. We assembled a network between Neotropical bats and flowering plants to describe its macrostructure and to test the role of neutral and niche variables in predicting microstructure. We found a moderately generalized network with internally nested modules comprising functionally similar species. Modules grouped bats and plants with matching degrees of specialization but had considerable overlap in species morphologies and several inter-module interactions. Both morphological specialization and spatiotemporal overlap, not abundance, were the best predictors of microstructure, with functional groups of bats also interacting more frequently with plants in certain vegetation types (e.g., frugivores within forests) and seasons (e.g., long-snouted nectarivores in the dry season). Therefore, flower-visiting bats appear to have species-specific niche spaces delimited not only by their ability to exploit certain flower types but also by preferred foraging habitats and the timing of resource availability. The prominent role of spatial and temporal synchrony likely reflects the heterogeneity of Neotropical savannas, and further research in biomes beyond the Cerrado is needed to better understand the complexity of this system.