bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative renal transplantation management in small children using adult‐sized living or deceased donor kidneys: A single‐center experience
Authors: Lee Eliza , Ramos-Gonzalez Gabriel , Staffa Steven J. , Rodig Nancy , Vakili Khashayar , Kim Heung Bae
Published: July 2019

Kidney transplantation remains the treatment of choice for children with ESRD. Optimal perioperative management is critical in small recipients of ASK to assure adequate graft perfusion. We present a single‐center experience outlining management for patients weighing <20 kg who underwent primary renal transplantation with ASKs between 2007 and 2016. Sixty‐three patients met study criteria and underwent 34 living‐related, six living‐unrelated, and 23 deceased donor kidney transplants. Median age and weight at transplant were 25 months (IQR 18‐37 months; range 11 months‐6 years) and 11.0 kg (IQR 9.2‐14.5 kg; range 7.1‐19.5 kg). Eighty‐nine percent of patients required vasoactive agents intra‐operatively, with twenty patients requiring prolonged vasoactive agents post‐operatively. Intra‐operatively, patients received 51.9 mL/kg of crystalloid, 27.3 mL/kg of 5% albumin, and 13.6 mL/kg of packed red blood cells. Most (93.7%) patients were extubated on POD#0. Weights peaked on post‐operative days three through five. Over a median follow‐up of 49 months (IQR 31‐86 months; range 0‐130 months), four grafts were lost, two due to thrombosis and two secondary to chronic rejection. There was one patient death six months post‐transplant due to causes unrelated to transplantation. Graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 98.4%, 96.6%, and 84.2%, respectively. Of surviving allografts, the median 1, 5, and 10 years post‐transplant eGFR was 122.9, 90.0, and 59.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 as determined by the 2009 Schwartz formula. Renal transplantation in small children using ASKs requires meticulous perioperative management including adequate fluid resuscitation and judicious use of pressors to assure adequate graft perfusion. The use of ASKs from living or deceased donors results in satisfactory short and long‐term outcomes.
Rhabdomyosarcoma arising from retroperitoneal teratoma in an infantile neurofibromatosis type 1 patient
Authors: Aikawa Akane , Mizutani Kenichi , Futatsuya Chizuru , Kumagai Motona , Shioya Akihiro , Nakada Satoko , Kurose Nozomu , Nojima Takayuki , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Yamada Sohsuke
Published: July 2019

We herein report the case of a 2‐year‐old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), who presented with a 12‐cm mass in the right retroperitoneum and underwent tumor resection. Histologically, the tumor was composed of two distinct components: one was teratoma, showing mature morphology; and the other was embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. An interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the rhabdomyosarcoma component revealed the absence of isochromosome 12p. Although it is well known that rhabdomyosarcoma occurs in infantile NF1, and that rhabdomyosarcoma can arise from teratoma as a somatic‐type malignancy, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of an infantile NF1 patient, who developed rhabdomyosarcoma within a retroperitoneal teratoma. The absence of chromosome 12p alteration suggests a possibility that the rhabdomyosarcoma occurred due to the NF1 background, not as a somatic‐type malignancy of germ cell tumor.
EBV‐encoded RNA1‐positive cells in the bone marrow specimens of patients with EBV‐negative lymphomas and sarcomas
Authors: Ito Yuta , Makita Shinichi , Maeshima Akiko Miyagi , Hatta Shunsuke , Yuda Sayako , Suzuki Tomotaka , Fukuhara Suguru , Munakata Wataru , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Suzuki Tatsuya , Maruyama Dai , Izutsu Koji
Published: July 2019

Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with pathogenesis of various cancers, including extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL). ENKL tumor cells are positive for EBV‐encoded RNA1 (EBER1), which is the most useful marker to identify ENKL tumor cells in histopathology. Currently, EBER1 in situ hybridization (ISH) is recommended to evaluate bone marrow (BM) involvement of ENKL. However, the actual burden of EBER1‐positive cells in normal BM specimens remains unclear. In the present study, we performed EBER1 ISH on 111 BM specimens, which were obtained during an initial staging procedure in patients with EBV‐negative cancers and were also negative for BM involvement. One or more EBER1‐positive cells per whole specimen were observed in 38 specimens (34%). The number of EBER1‐positive cells was distributed as follows: single positive cell, n = 17; two positive cells, n = 13; three positive cells, n = 3; and four positive cells, n = 5. These findings suggest that four or fewer EBER1‐positive cells can be observed in BM specimens of patients with non‐EBV‐related cancers. The clinical implications of a small number of EBER1‐positive cells in BM specimens of patients with ENKL should be evaluated in further studies.
Clinicopathological characteristics of non‐ampullary duodenal tumors and their phenotypic classification
Authors: Yoshida Masao , Shimoda Tadakazu , Abe Masato , Kakushima Naomi , Kawata Noboru , Takizawa Kohei , Ono Hiroyuki , Sugino Takashi
Published: July 2019

The tumorigenesis of non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs) might be different between the oral and anal sides of Vater's papilla. We conducted an immunohistological review to elucidate the clinicopathological features according to the tumor location and phenotypic classification. A review of an institutional database identified 121 patients with 125 superficial NADETs. NADETs were histologically evaluated and classified into the intestinal or gastric type based on immunohistochemical analysis. Clinicopathological factors were compared based on the tumor location and phenotype. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for gastric‐type NADETs. According to location analysis, the mucin phenotype was significantly different (oral side, intestinal‐type 64.8%, gastric‐type 35.3%; anal side, intestinal‐type 87.3%, gastric‐type 12.7%; P < 0.01). Although the incidence of adenoma was significantly predominant in the intestinal type (75.3%), most gastric‐type NADETs were cancerous (64.3%). Notably, most gastric‐type NADETs were adenocarcinomas even when the tumor size was ≤0 mm. In multivariate analysis, tumor location on the oral side (odds ratio [OR], 4.42), villous structure (OR, 6.44), and low tumor gland density (OR, 9.49) were independent predictors of gastric‐type tumors. Gastric‐type NADETs significantly differ from intestinal‐type NADETs in terms of tumor location, morphology, and biology.
Immigrant socioeconomic mobility in the United States: Mechanisms of inequality and the role of ethnic capital
Authors: Khachikian Oshin , Bandelj Nina
Published: July 2019

We review recent social science research on the socioeconomic mobility of immigrants to the United States by focusing on the educational, occupational, and income attainments among immigrant adults, the first‐generation, and the educational attainment of their children, the New Second‐Generation. Existing research has identified significant inequalities in educational attainment between second‐generation Asian and Latinx immigrant groups. Researchers have also highlighted the importance of ethnic capital for mobility, but we find that they have largely proceeded with the assumption that co‐ethnic ties are easily available as a benefit for immigrants upon resettlement. We propose that future research on immigrant socioeconomic mobility should incorporate conceptual insights from economic and cultural sociology as well as use comparative ethnographic research designs to directly observe how ethnic capital operates to challenge or reinforce patterns of socioeconomic inequality.
A Social Fields Theory of Pilgrimage: African American Christians in Israel and Palestine
Authors: Baumann Roger
Published: July 2019

What is pilgrimage and how should we understand its social significance? Traditional analyses of religiously motivated travel have focused on praxis and ritual. Contemporary analyses have further analyzed pilgrimage as a site where religion, politics, economy, and cultural production converge. This article argues that such convergence is best understood as the product of overlapping and interacting social fields and that particular pilgrimages—as sites of contestation and negotiation—take shape in the interstitial spaces between fields. Using the case of African American Christian pilgrimage to Israel and Palestine as the “Holy Land,” this article examines the relationship between overlapping fields and the negotiation of competing interests on pilgrimage. It suggests cultural framing work as a mechanism by which actors manage tensions between these fields and their interests.
The Role of Intimate Relationship Status, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Doing Fieldwork among Sexual–Racial Minority Refugees: An Intersectional Methodology*
Authors: Karimi Aryan
Published: July 2019

Feminist researchers from a range of disciplines have called for consolidation of intersectionality as a methodology. In this article, I contribute to the literature on intracategorical intersectional methodology by drawing on my experiences of conducting fieldwork with 19 gay male Iranian refugees in Canada. Also, by merging the research on intersectionality, sexuality, and refugee studies, I take intersectionality beyond its traditional application on the lives of women of color. I particularly focus on relations between intimate relationship status and insider status, sexuality and internal gatekeepers, and ethnicity and obtaining signed consent forms. Assuming that ethnographers, albeit marginally, participate in or become part of their participant group during fieldwork, I demonstrated the utility of intracategorical intersectional methodology for a systematic examination of power dynamics and the interactions between participants’ and researchers’ markers of identity. I argue that intracategorical intersectionality challenges static definitions of insiderness in qualitative research and provides researchers with nuanced and non‐hegemonic analyses of research process.
Role of the cytosolic domain of occludin in trafficking and hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Lavie Muriel , Linna Lydia , Moustafa Rehab I. , Belouzard Sandrine , Fukasawa Masayoshi , Dubuisson Jean
Published: July 2019

The role of the tight‐junction (TJ) protein occludin (OCLN) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry remains elusive. Here, we investigated the OCLN C‐terminal cytosolic domain in HCV infection. We expressed a series of C‐terminal deletion mutants in Huh‐7 cells KO for OCLN and characterized their functionality in HCV infection and trafficking. Deleting the OCLN cytosolic domain led to protein instability and intracellular retention. The first 15 residues (OCLN‐C15 mutant) of the cytosolic domain were sufficient for OCLN stability, but led to its accumulation in the trans‐Golgi network (TGN) due to a deficient cell surface export after synthesis. In contrast, the OCLN‐C18 mutant, containing the first 18 residues of the cytosolic domain, was expressed at the cell surface and could mediate HCV infection. Point mutations in the context of C18 showed that I279 and W281 are crucial residues for cell surface expression of OCLN‐C18. However, in the context of full‐length OCLN, mutation of these residues only partially affected infection and cell surface localization. Importantly, the characterization of OCLN‐C18 in human‐polarized hepatocytes revealed a defect in its TJ localization without affecting HCV infection. These data suggest that TJ localization of OCLN is not a prerequisite for HCV infection in polarized hepatocytes.
Canine symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis in bearded collies
Authors: Steimer Tanja , Bauer Alexander , Kienzle Ellen , Mueller Ralf S.
Published: July 2019

Background

Symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis (SLO) is a disease not infrequently seen in bearded collie dogs in Germany.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare historical and clinical data, as well as the mineral content of the hair and claws of bearded collies with SLO with that of normal control dogs.

Animals

Twenty‐eight affected bearded collie dogs and 39 control dogs.

Methods and materials

Owners completed an extensive questionnaire regarding upbringing, environmental conditions and diets. Claw specimens were obtained by claw trimming or gathering lost claws; hairs were obtained by plucking samples from several areas of the body; samples were converted to ash and evaluated in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.

Results

Clinical signs in affected dogs eventually involved all claws on all paws. In twelve dogs recurrence of onychomadesis was observed. There was no relevant association between gender, housing, diet and health management, physical stress and the development of SLO with exception of the age at which more intense exercise began. The most commonly used treatment combination was fatty acids, pentoxifylline and tetracycline; improvement occurred in 17 animals. Calcium, sodium and phosphorus concentrations were higher in the claws of affected dogs, whereas zinc concentrations were lower. The mineral content of hair samples of the affected dogs was not significantly different than controls.

Conclusion and clinical importance

Symmetrical lupoid onychomadesis in bearded collies is clinically similar to what has been described in other breeds with regard to clinical signs and response to treatment. Early strenuous activity may increase the risk for disease occurrence in this breed.
Clinical and histopathological classification of feline intraocular lymphoma
Authors: Musciano Ayla R. , Lanza Matthew R. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Teixeira Leandro B. C. , Durham Amy C.
Published: July 2019

This retrospective study aimed to describe and classify cats with intraocular lymphoma, determine the proportion of cases with presumed solitary ocular lymphoma (PSOL) compared with ocular manifestations of multicentric disease and assess the clinical outcomes of these patients. One hundred seventy‐two cases identified through biopsy submissions were reviewed histologically; 163 of these cases were subtyped according to the WHO classification system. Cases were categorized as having PSOL or ocular lymphoma with suspected systemic involvement (SSI) based on submission forms and follow‐up data. The majority of cases exhibited concurrent uveitis (75%) and secondary glaucoma (58%). Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was the most common subtype (n = 86; 53%), followed by peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (n = 44; 27%). Other subtypes included anaplastic large T‐ (n = 8; 5%) and B‐cell (n = 4; 2.5%) lymphomas, and 15 cases (9%) were negative for all immunohistochemical markers. In sixty‐nine cases (40%), adequate clinical data and sufficient survival data were obtained to distinguish PSOL from SSI. PSOL comprised the majority of cases (64%), while 36% had SSI. When covarying for age at diagnosis, the median survival time was significantly higher (P = 0.003) for cases of PSOL (154 days) versus those with SSI (69 days); hazards ratio of 0.47 for PSOL (95% CI: 0.241‐0.937). The subtype of lymphoma did not affect survival time. Cats with PSOL represent a greater proportion of the disease population, and this subset of cats with intraocular lymphoma has a better clinical outcome.
Comparison of bacterial culture results collected via direct corneal ulcer vs conjunctival fornix sampling in canine eyes with presumed bacterial ulcerative keratitis
Authors: Auten Candace R. , Urbanz Jennifer L. , Dees Darryl Dustin
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare aerobic bacterial culture results between samples obtained from the corneal ulcer versus lower conjunctival fornix in eyes with presumed bacterial ulcerative keratitis.

Animals studied

Fifty five client‐owned dogs diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis.

Procedures

Ophthalmic examinations were performed on each dog including slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Microbial swabs were collected by direct sampling of the infected corneal ulcer as well as the lower conjunctival fornix, of the same eye, using a sterile rayon‐tipped swab. Samples were submitted to an outside reference laboratory for aerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity.

Results

One hundred twelve samples were obtained from 56 eyes (55 dogs). Sixty‐eight samples yielded bacterial growth. Positive growth from both sites was obtained in 31 eyes (55%). Six eyes yielded bacterial growth from the conjunctival fornix but not from the cornea. No bacterial growth was obtained from either sampling site in 19 eyes. Overall, 31/56 (55%) corneal samples were positive and 37/56 (66%) conjunctival fornix samples were positive. Comparison of organisms isolated from the two collection sites of the same eye revealed an exact correlation in 42/56 (75%) eyes and differed in 14/56 (25%) eyes. Twenty different bacterial isolates were obtained from 68 positive samples. Gram‐positive (71%) organisms were more common than Gram‐negative (29%). The most commonly isolated organisms wereStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(25%), beta‐hemolyticStreptococcusspp. (23%), andPseudomonas aeruginosa(12%). Methicillin‐resistant organisms were isolated in 9% of samples.

Conclusion

Sampling from the conjunctival fornix may be a suitable alternative to direct ulcer sampling in eyes with compromised corneal structural integrity.
Impact of epidural bupivacaine on perioperative opioid requirements, recovery characteristics, and duration of hospitalization in dogs undergoing cystotomy: A retrospective study of 56 cases
Authors: Floriano Dario , Sahagian Michael J. , Chiavaccini Ludovica
Published: July 2019

Objective

To compare perioperative opioid consumption and duration of hospitalization (DOH) in anesthetized dogs receiving opioid‐based analgesia (OBA) vs those receiving bupivacaine epidural‐based analgesia (EPID) during cystotomy.

Study design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Animals

Fifty‐six client‐owned dogs undergoing cystotomy.

Methods

Clinical records of dogs undergoing cystotomy between January 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. Demographic data, duration of anesthesia and surgery, anesthetic management, perioperative opioid consumption expressed in morphine equivalents (ME), perioperative use of adjuvant analgesics, time to first micturition, time to eat, time to ambulate, and DOH were recorded. Opioid consumption and DOH were compared with a Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, followed by linear regression analysis as appropriate. Time to first micturition, time to eat, and time to walk unassisted were modeled with Cox‐proportional hazard models.

Results

Dogs treated with EPID during surgery required 1.5 mg/kg ME less compared with those treated with OBA (P = .04) during surgery. Three of 19 dogs treated with EPID vs 15 of 37 dogs receiving OBA required intraoperative adjuvant analgesics (P = .06). Dogs treated with EPID regained motor function slower than dogs treated with OBA (P = .01); however, there was no difference in time to urinate, time to eat, or DOH between treatments.

Conclusion

Perioperative lumbosacral epidural with bupivacaine reduced intraoperative opioid consumption in dogs anesthetized for cystotomy.

Clinical significance

The use of epidural bupivacaine in dogs undergoing cystotomy may reduce intraoperative opioid requirements without affecting return of bladder function or DOH.
Investigation of Motivation Levels of Individuals Doing Fitness and Kickbox for Recreative Activity Purpose in Terms of Some Variables
Authors: Kaya Erdi
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the correlation of motivation levels of those who do fitness and kickbox exercises for recreative activity in Antalya Province in terms of some variables. The sampling group of the research is consisted of individuals who do fitness and kickbox for the recreative purpose in Antalya province. “Recreational Exercise Motivation Measure” (REMM) developed for the purpose of determining the factors which can motivate the individuals to the exercise was used as a data collection tool in the study. Totally 190 individuals participated into the study. SPSS 22.0 program was used for the analysis of data obtained. While Independent T test was used in comparison of the motivation factors by the participants’ gender, exercise type they perform and status of supplement, OneWay ANOVA analysis was used in comparison of the motivation factors by the age groups, income status, educational background and starting time of the exercise.
"Together but Separate" – What is the Correlation, If Any, between Social Loneliness, Virtual Friendship, and Use of Social Networks
Authors: Yavich Roman , Davidovitch Nitza
Published: July 2019

With the rise of online social networks, the development and maintenance of relationships are gradually being transferred to the virtual sphere. Technological developments have created a revolution that forces people to cope with situations that were unknown to them several decades ago. This study aimed to examine the association, if any, between social loneliness and virtual friendship. In addition, the effect of gender on these variables was also examined. The research participants included 313 high school students from all over Israel, with an age range of 14-18. The study examined social loneliness, the nature of virtual friendships, and participants' undue use of social networks, using two self-report scales. The research findings indicate a significant correlation between social loneliness and these variables, as well as an effect of gender. A correlation was also found between social loneliness and virtual friendships, but no interaction was found between these variables and gender, such that this research hypothesis was not confirmed. These findings might illuminate the development of interpersonal communication in the present era, as well as the role of virtual communication in the lives of individuals.
Centrally acting adrenomedullin in the long‐term potentiation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity induced by intermittent hypoxia in rats
Authors: Zoccal Daniel B. , Colombari Debora S. A. , Colombari Eduardo , Flor Karine C. , da Silva Melina P. , Costa‐Silva João H. , Machado Benedito H. , Moraes Davi J. A. , Murphy David , Paton Julian F. R.
Published: July 2019

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Adrenomedullin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) increases sympathetic activity; given that adrenomedullin is released during hypoxia, what are the effects of its agonism and antagonism in the RVLM after chronic intermitent hypoxia (CIH) exposure?

What is the main finding and its importance?

CIH exposure sensitizes adrenomedullin‐dependent mechanisms in the RVLM, supporting its role as a sympathoexcitatory neuromodulator. A novel mechanism was identified for the generation of sympathetic overdrive and hypertension associated with hypoxia, providing potential guidance on new therapeutic approaches for controlling sympathetic hyperactivity in diseases such as sleep apnoea and neurogenic hypertension.

Adrenomedullin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been shown to increase sympathetic activity whereas the antagonism of its receptors inhibited this autonomic activity lowering blood pressure in conditions of hypertension. Given that hypoxia is a stimulant for releasing adrenomedullin, we hypothesized that the presence of this peptide in the RVLM associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) would cause sympathetic overdrive. Juvenile male rats (50–55 g) submitted to CIH (6% oxygen every 9 min, 8 h day−1 for 10 days) were studied in an arterially perfused in situ preparation where sympathetic activity was recorded. In control rats (n = 6), exogenously applied adrenomedullin in the RVLM raised baseline sympathetic activity when combined with episodic activation of peripheral chemoreceptors (KCN 0.05%, 5 times every 5 min). This sympathoexcitatory response was markedly amplified in rats previously exposed to CIH (n = 6). The antagonism of adrenomedullin receptors in the RVLM caused a significant reduction in sympathetic activity in the CIH group (n = 7), but not in controls (n = 8). The transient reflex‐evoked sympathoexcitatory response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation was not affected by either adrenomedullin or adrenomedullin receptor antagonism in the RVLM of control and CIH rats. Our findings indicate that CIH sensitizes the sympathoexcitatory networks within the RVLM to adrenomedullin, supporting its role as an excitatory neuromodulator when intermittent hypoxia is present. These data reveal novel state‐dependent mechanistic insights into the generation of sympathetic overdrive and provide potential guidance on possible unique approaches for controlling sympathetic discharge in diseases such as sleep apnoea and neurogenic hypertension.
Study of a Loop Thermosyphon Evaporator for Thermal Control of Aircrafts
Authors: Vieira Gabriela C. , Flórez M Juan Pablo , Mantelli Marcia B. H.
Published: July 2019

This work presents experimental studies of a two-phase loop thermosyphon, designed to use the aircraft fuselage low temperatures at high altitude to promote passive thermal management of electronics components in avionics. The main purpose of this work is to develop the evaporator of a loop thermosyphon composed of one evaporator coupled to two condensers presented in the literature. The proposed evaporator comprises ten square stacked copper plates bonded by diffusion. Channels were manufactured in the inner plates so that internal grooves are obtained after the stack is bonded. Studies with concentrated and distributed heat sources over the evaporator external surface are under performance. Parameters such as start-up and operation temperatures will be compared, according to the condition submitted.
Additive-Manufactured Organic Interposers
Authors: Roshanghias A. , Krivec M. , Bardong J. , Binder A.
Published: July 2019

The trend toward heterogeneous integration of optoelectronic, electronic, and micromechanical components favors three-dimensional (3D) integration in which the components are not arranged side-by-side but rather in vertical stacks. This presents a particular challenge due to the fact that the stacked components have different geometric dimensions, and their contact surfaces are also dissimilar. Therefore, an intermediate substrate, the so-called interposer, with different formats (i.e., flip-chip, wire-bond, and hybrid flip-chip/wire bond) comes into play. Currently, the interposers are mainly made of silicon or glass, which incur huge additional costs to the packaged components. In this study, the unique advantages of additive manufacturing (AM) are exploited to realize organic interposers. The proposed interposers provide easy signal probing and flexible die-to-board integration in lower costs without any lithography process, drilling, plating, or any waste. Accordingly, the two state-of-the-art 3D printers (i.e., a monomaterial 3D printer and a bimaterial 3D printer) were utilized for the manufacturing of the interposer parts. The complementary circuitry for vias and through-holes was facilitated by also additive technologies, i.e., 2D-inkjet printing and microdispensing. Moreover, and to manifest the unique possibilities within AM for the next generation of interposers, two examples for 3D-printed interposers with incorporated added-features, i.e., pillars for flip-chip bonding and cavities for face-up die-attachment were realized. The assemblies were consequently assessed by electrical examinations. Conclusively, the main opportunities and challenges toward the full implementation of AM technology for the fabrication of organic interposers with added-features such as integrated multipurpose vias were discussed. Based on the results obtained from this study, it was found that bimaterial 3D printer was more efficient and powerful for the construction of interposers.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Erosive Wear of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Mohammadi Bijan , Khoddami AmirSajjad , Pourhosseinshahi Mohammadreza
Published: July 2019

Solid particle erosion (SPE) as a common damage mechanism in industrial applications can reduce the effective operation of components or contribute to failure. However, it has beneficial usages in manufacturing processes, especially in abrasive sandblasting and waterjet cutting. The aim of this paper is an investigation of erosive behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy through numerical and experimental approaches. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed using the representative volume element (RVE) to simulate multiple particles impact on Ti-6Al-4V target. Failure and plastic behavior of the target surface due to particles impact is described by Johnson-Cook constitutive equations. Furthermore, erosive behavior of the alloy is experimentally researched by multiple SPE tests. Verification of the implemented approach is studied by comparing the results of the FE model and the SPE experiments. Effects of particles impact angle considering Johnson-Cook coefficient values and particles velocity on erosive behavior of Ti-6Al-4V are also studied. Both numerical and experimental results show a maximum erosion rate of the alloy at an impact angle of 45 deg for spherical sand particles with a diameter of 100 µm. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the erosion process involves both ductile and brittle mechanisms at this angle.
Click characteristics of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) and Sowerby's beaked whales (Mesoplodon bidens) off eastern Canada
Authors: Clarke Emma , Feyrer Laura Joan , Moors-Murphy Hilary , Stanistreet Joy
Published: July 2019

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is crucial to expanding the knowledge of beaked whales, including the northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus) and Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens). Existing descriptions of clicks produced by these species are limited by sample size, number of individuals recorded, and geographic scope. Data from multiple encounters in the western North Atlantic are used to provide a quantitative description of clicks produced by these species. Recordings from nine encounters with northern bottlenose whales in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland were analyzed (N = 2239 clicks). The click type described had a median peak frequency of 25.9 kHz (10th–90th percentile range: 22.9–29.3 kHz), and a median inter-click interval (ICI) of 402 ms (N = 1917, 10th–90th percentile range: 290–524 ms). Recordings from 18 Sowerby's beaked whale encounters from Nova Scotia were analyzed (N = 762 clicks). The click type described had a median peak frequency of 65.8 kHz (10th–90th percentile range: 61.5–76.5 kHz), and a median ICI of 237 ms (N = 677, 10th–90th percentile range: 130–315 ms). These results will contribute to the development of methods to detect and classify beaked whale clicks to the species level, improving the effectiveness of PAM and enhancing scientific understanding and conservation efforts for cryptic and at-risk cetaceans.
Strain differences in hearing in song canaries
Authors: Brown Jane A. , Brittan-Powell Elizabeth F. , Dooling Robert J. , Fishbein Adam R. , Ball Gregory F. , Madison Farrah N.
Published: July 2019

Belgian Waterslager song canaries, bred for hundreds of years for a low-pitched song, have also acquired an inherited high-frequency hearing loss associated with hair cell abnormalities. Here, auditory thresholds measured using auditory brainstem responses and psychophysical methods in three different strains of canaries are compared: Belgian Waterslagers, American Singers, and Borders. Border canaries have not been bred for song characteristics while American Singer canaries have been bred for song only since the 1930s. Results show that American Singer canaries also have elevated high frequency thresholds that are similar to those of the Belgian Waterslager, while Border canaries have normal thresholds. These results strengthen the case that song canary breeders in selecting for song characteristics may have inadvertently selected for hearing abnormalities.
Edge fracture instability in sheared complex fluids: Onset criterion and possible mitigation strategy
Authors: Hemingway Ewan J. , Fielding Suzanne M.
Published: July 2019

We perform a detailed theoretical study of the edge fracture instability, which commonly destabilizes the fluid-air interface during strong shear flows of entangled polymeric fluids, leading to unreliable rheological measurements. By means of direct nonlinear simulations, we map out phase diagrams showing the degree of edge fracture in the plane of the surface tension of the fluid-air interface and the imposed shear rate, within the Giesekus and Johnson–Segalman models, for different values of the nonlinear constitutive parameters that determine the dependencies on the shear rate of the shear and normal stresses. The threshold for the onset of edge fracture is shown to be relatively robust against variations in the wetting angle where the fluid-air interface meets the hard walls of the flow cell, whereas the nonlinear dynamics depend strongly on the wetting angle. We perform a linear stability calculation to derive an exact analytical expression for the onset of edge fracture, expressed in terms of the shear-rate derivative of the second normal stress difference, the shear-rate derivative of the shear stress (sometimes called the tangent viscosity), the jump in the shear stress across the interface between the fluid and the outside air, the surface tension of that interface, and the rheometer gap size. (The shear stress to which we refer is σxy with x^ being the flow direction and y^ being the flow-gradient direction. The interface normal is in the vorticity direction z^.) Full agreement between our analytical calculation and nonlinear simulations is demonstrated. We also elucidate in detail the mechanism of edge fracture and finally suggest a new way in which it might be mitigated in experimental practice. We also suggest that, by containing the second normal stress difference, our criterion for the onset of edge fracture may be used as a means to determine that quantity experimentally. Some of the results in this paper were first announced in an earlier letter [E. J. Hemingway, H. Kusumaatmaja, and S. M. Fielding, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 028006 (2017)]. The present paper provides additional simulation results, calculational details of the linear stability analysis, and more detailed discussion of the significance and limitations of our findings.
Patient-to-Patient Transmission of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase Variants with Reduced Ceftazidime-Avibactam Susceptibility
Authors: Munoz-Price L. Silvia , Reeme Allison E. , Buchan Blake W. , Mettus Roberta T. , Mustapha Mustapha M. , Van Tyne Daria , Shields Ryan K. , Doi Yohei
Published: July 2019

We report patient-to-patient transmission of
Enterobacter hormaechei
isolates with reduced susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam due to production of KPC-40, a variant of KPC-3 with a two-amino-acid insertion in the Ω-loop region (L167_E168dup). The index patient had received a prolonged course of ceftazidime-avibactam therapy, whereas the second patient had not received the agent and still became colonized with the KPC-40-producing strain.
Kinetics and Identities of Extracellular Peptidases in Subsurface Sediments of the White Oak River Estuary, North Carolina
Authors: Steen Andrew D. , Kevorkian Richard T. , Bird Jordan T. , Dombrowski Nina , Baker Brett J. , Hagen Shane M. , Mulligan Katherine H. , Schmidt Jenna M. , Webber Austen T. , Royalty Taylor M. , Alperin Marc J.
Published: July 2019

Burial of organic carbon in marine and estuarine sediments represents a long-term sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Globally, ∼40% of organic carbon burial occurs in anoxic estuaries and deltaic systems. However, the ultimate controls on the amount of organic matter that is buried in sediments, versus oxidized into CO
2
, are poorly constrained. In this study, we used a combination of enzyme assays and metagenomic analysis to identify how subsurface microbial communities catalyze the first step of proteinaceous organic carbon degradation. Our results show that microbial communities in deeper sediments are adapted to access molecules characteristic of degraded organic matter, suggesting that those heterotrophs are adapted to life in the subsurface.
The
ilvGMEDA
Operon Is Regulated by Transcription Attenuation in Vibrio alginolyticus ZJ-T
Authors: Deng Yiqin , Luo Xing , Xie Mei , Bouloc Philippe , Chen Chang , Jacq Annick
Published: July 2019

This study analyzes the regulation of the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine) in
Vibrio alginolyticus
, a marine bacterium that is pathogenic to fish and humans. The results highlight the conservation of the main regulatory mechanism with that of the enterobacterium
Escherichia coli
, suggesting that such a mechanism appeared early during the evolution of Gram-negative bacteria, allowing adaptation to a wide range of environments.
Interleukin 8 and Pentaxin (C-Reactive Protein) as Potential New Biomarkers of Bovine Tuberculosis
Authors: Gao Xintao , Guo Xiaoyu , Li Ming , Jia Hong , Lin Weidong , Fang Lichun , Jiang Yitong , Zhu Hongfei , Zhang Zhifang , Ding Jiabo , Xin Ting
Published: July 2019

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is caused byMycobacterium bovis. During the early stage of infection, greater than 15% ofM. bovis-infected cattle shed mycobacteria through nasal secretions, which can be detected by nested PCR.
Stable Occupancy of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Encoded Deubiquitinase Blocks Viral Infection
Authors: Scholte Florine E. M. , Hua Brian L. , Spengler Jessica R. , Dzimianski John V. , Coleman-McCray JoAnn D. , Welch Stephen R. , McMullan Laura K. , Nichol Stuart T. , Pegan Scott D. , Spiropoulou Christina F. , Bergeron Éric
Published: July 2019

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus is an important human pathogen with a wide global distribution for which no therapeutic interventions are available. CCHFV encodes a cysteine protease belonging to the ovarian tumor (OTU) family which is involved in host immune suppression. Here we demonstrate that artificially prolonged binding of the OTU to a substrate inhibits virus infection. This provides novel insights into CCHFV OTU function during the viral replicative cycle and highlights the OTU as a potential antiviral target.
Synthetic Methane-Consuming Communities from a Natural Lake Sediment
Authors: Yu Zheng , Groom Joseph , Zheng Yue , Chistoserdova Ludmila , Huang Jing
Published: July 2019

The metabolism of methane is an important part of the global carbon cycle. While deciphering the community function and the potential role of the different functional guilds is very difficult when considering native complex communities, synthetic communities, built of species originating from a study site in question, present a simplified model and allow specific questions to be addressed as to carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrient transfer among species in a controlled system. This study applies an ecophysiological approach, as a proof of principle, to an already well-studied model system, contributing to a better understanding of microbial community function and microbial ecosystem processes.
Charge-Mediated Pyrin Oligomerization Nucleates Antiviral IFI16 Sensing of Herpesvirus DNA
Authors: Lum Krystal K. , Howard Timothy R. , Pan Catherina , Cristea Ileana M.
Published: July 2019

The ability of mammalian cells to detect the genomes of nuclear-replicating viruses via cellular DNA sensors is fundamental to innate immunity. Recently, mounting evidence is supporting the universal role of polymerization in these host defense factors as a signal amplification strategy. Yet, what has remained unclear are the intrinsic properties that govern their immune signal transmission. Here, we uncover the biochemical basis for oligomerization of the nuclear DNA sensor, IFI16. Upon infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) in human fibroblasts, we characterize the contribution of IFI16 oligomerization to downstream protein interactions and antiviral functions, including cytokine induction and suppression of HSV-1 replication. Until now, the global characterization of oligomerization-dependent protein interactions for an immune receptor has never been explored. Our integrative quantitative proteomics, molecular CRISPR/Cas9-based assays, mutational analyses, and confocal microscopy shed light on the dynamics of immune signaling cascades activated against pathogens.
Pathological fracture of non-ossifying fibroma associated with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Gill James Ritchie , EL Nakhal Tamer Magid , Park Soo-Mi , Chomicki Mariusz
Published: July 2019

We report the management of a pathological fracture through a proximal tibial non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) in a 13-year-old girl with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The fracture was minimally displaced, and the lesion had clinical features of a NOF, and therefore biopsy was not required. Operative fixation has been the preferred method of treatment for pathological fractures through NOF associated with NF1. Multiple NOFs associated with NF1 are rare but can coalesce resulting in large lesions with an increased risk of pathological fracture. In cases which permit, non-operative treatment with cast immobilisation can yield satisfactory results.
Unmasking of left upper lobe bronchial atresia in a case of H1N1 pneumonia
Authors: Khera Daisy , Toteja Nisha , Bhatnagar Ambar , Kumar Garg Pawan
Published: July 2019

We describe a case of H1N1 pneumonia with left upper lobe bronchial atresia. Although bronchial atresia as an isolated occurrence is an innocuous finding, but when it is superimposed by another major insult, it can amplify the disease effect and can have adverse implications leading to significant morbidity. This report highlights the fact that anatomical anomalies can be the cause of inordinately severe or prolonged course of acute respiratory infection in children.
Triple synchronous tumour of female genital tract: cervical squamous cell carcinoma, right ovarian dermoid cyst and left ovarian benign Brenner tumour
Authors: Adhya Amit Kumar , Mohanty Ranjan
Published: July 2019

Synchronous tumours of two different histological type are not uncommon in the female genital tract. But triple synchronous tumours of three or more different histological types is extremely rare. We describe a case of a 48-year-old female patient who presented with cervical growth and bilateral ovarian masses. Pathological evaluation of the surgical specimen revealed synchronous cervical squamous cell carcinoma, right ovarian dermoid cyst and left ovarian benign Brenner tumour. The patient was treated as per the carcinoma cervix protocol and is disease free at 1-year follow-up. To our knowledge this is the first report of such an occurrence. This occurrence cannot be related to any known hereditary syndromes, hence may be considered a chance association. Although rare, awareness of such an occurrence is important for the surgeon, radiologist and the surgical pathologist for proper diagnosis and management.
Predictive value of AZGP1 following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: a cohort study and meta-analysis
Authors: Kristensen Gitte , Berg Kasper Drimer , Toft Birgitte Grønkær , Stroomberg Hein Vincent , Nolley Rosalie , Brooks James D , Brasso Klaus , Roder Martin Andreas
Published: July 2019

Aims

Zinc-alpha 2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) is a promising tissue biomarker to predict outcomes in men undergoing treatment for localised prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to examine the association between AZGP1 expression and the endpoints: risk of biochemical failure (BF), initiating castration-based treatment, developing castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) and PCa-specific mortality following radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods

The study included a prospective cohort of 302 patients who underwent RP for PCa from 2002 to 2005. AZGP1 expression was analysed using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray RP specimens and was scored semiquantitively as low or high expression. Risk of all endpoints was analysed using stratified cumulative incidences and cause-specific Cox regression, and validated with receiver operating curves, calibration and discrimination in competing-risk analyses. A meta-analysis was performed including previous studies investigating AZGP1 expression and risk of BF following RP.

Results

Median time of follow-up was 14.0 years. The cumulative incidence of all endpoints was significantly higher in patients with low AZGP1 expression compared with patients with high AZGP1 expression (p<0.001). In a multivariate analysis, low AZGP1 expression increases the risk of BF (HR 2.7; 95% CI 1.9 to 3.8; p<0.0001), castration-based treatment (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2; p=0.01) and CRPC (HR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0; p=0.03). Validation showed a low risk of prediction error and a high model performance for all endpoints. In a meta-analysis, low AZGP1 was associated with BF (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.5).

Conclusions

Low AZGP1 expression is associated with the risk of aggressive time-dependent outcomes in men undergoing RP for localised PCa.
Caseload management and outcome of patients with aortic stenosis in primary/secondary versus tertiary care settings—design of the IMPULSE enhanced registry
Authors: Rudolph Tanja K. , Messika-Zeitoun David , Frey Norbert , Lutz Matthias , Krapf Laura , Passefort Stephanie , Fryearson John , Simpson Helen , Mortensen Kai , Rehse Sebastian , Tiroke Andreas , Dodos Fotini , Mies Florian , Pohlmann Christiane , Kurucova Jana , Thoenes Martin , Bramlage Peter , Steeds Richard Paul
Published: July 2019

Background

Severe aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common and most serious valve diseases. Without timely intervention with surgical aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve replacement, patients have an estimated survival of 2–3 years. Guidelines for the treatment of AS have been developed, but studies suggest that as many as 42% of patients with AS are not treated according to these recommendations.

The aims of this registry are to delineate the caseload of patients with AS, outline the management of these patients and determine appropriateness of treatments in participating centres with and without onsite access to surgery and percutaneous treatments.

Methods/design

The IMPULSE enhanced registry is an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort registry conducted at four central full access centres (tertiary care hospitals) and at least two satellite centres per hub (primary/secondary care hospitals). An estimated 800 patients will be enrolled in the registry and patient follow-up will last for 12 months.

Discussion

In addition to the primary aims determining the caseload management and outcome of patients with AS in primary, secondary and tertiary care settings, the registry will also determine a time course for the transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic status and the diagnostic steps, treatment decisions and the identification of decision-makers in tertiary versus primary/secondary care hospitals. The last patient will be enrolled in the registry in 2018 and results of the registry are anticipated in 2019.

Registration number

NCT03112629.