bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive biases in cyber fraud practices: the heuristic potential of M. Norton's theory
Authors: Vasilkova Valerya
Published: January 2025

The concept of cognitive biases, introduced in 1972 by D. Kahneman and A. Tversky and identifying the cause of erroneous decisions in human economic behavior, has become one of the explanatory models in describing the practices of modern cyber fraud. However, the growing scale and negative consequences of cyber fraud actualize the need to expand the interpretations of this phenomenon in the context of various disciplines, primarily sociology, which allows us to overcome the narrowly individual approach that links cognitive distortions only with the mental characteristics of human thinking and to set the vector of analysis of their socio-cultural determination. The article examines the heuristic prospects of using the concepts of cognitive sociology (in particular, M. Norton’s theory) as an interpretative model for the analysis of cognitive distortions in cyber fraud practices. This approach allows us to give a broad interpretation of this phenomenon as a necessary attribute of the general process of socio-cultural semiosis, to explain the manipulative nature of specific semiotic contours that determine the choice of a certain type of human action and the activation of specific cognitive distortions, to understand how certain cognitive distortions influence such a choice in a situation of cyber fraud, to show the conjugation of cognitive mechanisms and the socio-cultural environment in the process of forming networks of meanings in the “semiosis of cyber fraud”. The theoretical provisions of Norton's concept are examined using specific examples of such cognitive distortions as the authority effect, the trust effect, and the confirmation bias.
Prioritizing Strategies for the Development and Sustainability of Higher Education in Developing Countries: A FullEX MCDM Approach
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, 618000, China, Bouraima Mouhamed Bayane , Badi Ibrahim ,   Mechanical Engineering Department, Libyan Academy, Misrata, Libya, Makinde Opeyemi Oluyemisi ,   Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria, Kassembe Eliamin Aloyce ,   Dar es Salaam Maritime Institute, Department of Science and Management, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Muya Francis ,   National Institute of Transport, Box 705, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Published: January 2025

This study examines strategies for advancing and sustaining Nigeria’s higher education system, which plays a vital role in achieving the sustainable development goals. Despite its importance, higher education in Nigeria faces numerous challenges. Through a combination of literature review and expert insights, nine strategies were identified to address these challenges. The FullEX method is employed to prioritize these strategies, with experts’ experience and educational backgrounds used to weigh the significance of each strategy in the decision-making process. To validate the robustness of the method, a comparative and sensitivity analyses were conducted. The findings underscore increased funding, recruiting additional lecturers, enhancing infrastructure, and ensuring a stable academic calendar as the most effective strategies to support the development and sustainability of Nigeria’s higher education sector.
Preventing suicide with Safe Alternatives for Teens and Youths (SAFETY): A randomized feasibility trial
Authors: Karemyr Moa , Bellander Martin , Ponten Moa , Ohlis Anna , Flygare Oskar , Walldén Ylva , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Hadlaczky Gergö , Mataix-Cols David , Asarnow Joan R. , Hellner Clara , Hughes Jennifer L. , Bjureberg Johan
Published: January 2025

Objective: Suicide attempts are common in youth and have potentially lethal outcomes. Effective treatments targeting suicide attempts are scarce. The objective was to assess the feasibility of a family-based cognitive-behavioral treatment relative to an active control for youth with suicidal behavior. Method: Thirty youths (93% female; mean [SD] age=14.6 [1.5] years) residing in Sweden with recent suicidal behavior (last 3 months) and at least one parent per youth were randomized to 12 weeks of the family-based cognitive-behavioral treatment Safe Alternatives for Teens and Youths (SAFETY) or Supportive Therapy, an active control treatment. Primary endpoint was 3-month post-treatment. Feasibility outcomes included treatment and assessment compliance, adverse events, treatment credibility, and treatment satisfaction. Secondary outcomes included suicide attempt, nonsuicidal self-injury, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and emotion dysregulation.Results: Both treatments showed high compliance, satisfaction, and credibility, with few adverse events. At primary end-point, two (14%) participants in SAFETY and four (27%) in Supportive Therapy had attempted suicide. Nonsuicidal self-injury was reduced by 95% (incidence rate ratio=0.05 [95% confidence interval 0.01, 0.20]) in SAFETY and 69% (incidence rate ratio=0.31 [0.11, 0.83]) in Supportive Therapy. Participation in SAFETY, but not in Supportive Therapy, was associated with moderate to large within-group improvements in anxiety and depression (Cohen’s d=0.85 [0.33, 1.40]), quality of life (d=1.01 [0.48, 1.56]), and emotion dysregulation (d=1.22 [0.45, 2.03]).Conclusions: The results suggest that SAFETY is feasible and promising for youth with suicidal behavior. A full-scale randomized controlled trial is warranted to further examine the efficacy of SAFETY.
Theory of the Essence: A New Paradigm for Scientific Exploration of Reality
Authors: Marozau Raman
Published: January 2025

The Theory of the Essence presents a revolutionary framework that redefines the fundamental nature of reality, time, and existence. It introduces Essence as the core structure unifying all aspects of reality – past, present, and future – addressing not only how the universe functions but also why it exists in its current form. Essence serves as the ultimate foundation, guiding the unfolding of reality through an intrinsic striving toward the search for truth.This theory builds upon and is confirmed by foundational scientific principles such as Einstein’s theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and cosmology. By expanding these frameworks, the Theory of the Essence integrates both physical and metaphysical dimensions, providing new insights into time, causality, and the nature of potentiality while reinforcing the validity of established scientific laws.With profound implications for both scientific and philosophical inquiry, this theory opens new avenues for research, inviting exploration into the deeper truths of existence and the forces that shape reality.
Observation-based estimate of Earth's effective radiative forcing
Authors: Van Loon Senne , Rugenstein Maria , Barnes Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Human emissions continue to influence Earth's climate. Effective radiative forcing quantifies the effect of such anthropogenic emissions together with natural factors on Earth's energy balance (Soden et al. 2018; Gregory et al. 2020; Forster et al. 2021, 2024). Evaluating the exact rate of effective radiative forcing is challenging, because it can not be directly observed. Therefore, estimating the effective forcing usually relies heavily on climate models (Forster et al. 2024). Here, we present an estimate of effective radiative forcing that makes optimal use of observations. We use artificial intelligence to learn the relationship between surface temperature and radiation caused by internal variability in a multi-model ensemble. Combining this with observations of surface temperature and the Earth's net radiative imbalance (Loeb et al. 2018, 2021; NASA/LARC/SD/ASDC 2023), we predict an effective forcing trend of 0.72+-0.20 Wm^{-2} per decade for 2001-2023. Our method enables a new and independent assessment of the observed effective radiative forcing since 1985, that can be updated simultaneously with available observations. We make advances to close the Earth's energy budget on annual timescales, separating the influence of forcing versus the radiative response to surface temperature variations. Effective radiative forcing has substantially increased since 2021 and has not been countered by a strongly negative radiative response, consistent with an exceptionally warm year of 2023 and 2024.
Illumination Testing of 4Pi Sun Sensor
Authors: Avadhanam Abhishek
Published: January 2025

This report discusses two projects: developing an Illumination Testing Facility for precise solar simulation and; implementing quality checks on a 4Pi Sun Sensor assembly, including creating an Illumination Test Set-Up. The significance of solar simulators is highlighted, as they are crucial for testing and studying the performance of photovoltaic devices being illuminated by sunlight under various environmental conditions. Different types of solar simulators, such as continuous and pulsed, are explained, along with their uses in calibration, efficiency measurement, material testing, component testing, and research of various devices. The 4Pi Sun Sensor’s role in Attitude Determination is described, emphasising the need for accurate and reliable testing. The methodology employed in both projects is presented. The regular maintenance of the Newport 94043A Solar Simulator and the assembly and testing procedures for the 4Pi Sun Sensor are described in detail. The various tests conducted on the sun sensor, such as visual inspection, electrical tests, illumination tests, and operation of the instruments involved, like the Keithley 2401 Sourcemeter and the Murata SCL3300-D01-PCB tilt sensor, are explained. The results section includes the findings from the solar simulator testing, highlighting the need for replacing the Xe-Arc Lamp and the results from the sun sensor’s illumination tests on different axes. The conclusion emphasises the importance of these projects in understanding solar simulation and sun sensor technology, providing hands-on experience in testing and calibration procedures for photovoltaic devices and spacecraft orientation systems. Overall, these projects contribute to advancement in solar energy and aerospace technology by ensuring accurate testing and calibration of devices used in these fields.
A Cautionary Note on Avoiding the Initial Conditions Problem in the CLPM-RI
Authors: Somaraju Ajay
Published: January 2025

The cross-lagged panel model with random intercepts (CLPM-RI) is often used to analyze reciprocal relationships, because it separates within-unit dynamics and between-unit differences by modeling unit-specific heterogeneity as a latent variable. Through a simulation study, it is shown that common specifications of the CLPM-RI often produce biased estimates of autoregressive (AR) and cross-lagged (CL) effects due to the initial conditions problem. These biases are often substantial enough to produce inaccurate inferences about the long-term stability of the observed system. An alternative approach suggested by Bollen and Brand (2010) resolves the initial conditions issue by conditioning unit-specific heterogeneity on the first observation and provides more accurate estimates and reliable inferences about system stability compared to the CLPM-RI.
A Note on the Similarity of Latent Change and Traditional Autoregressive Models for Estimating Change and Stability: A Comment on Matusik et al. (2020)
Authors: Somaraju Ajay , Griffin Daniel J. , DeShon Richard P.
Published: January 2025

There is now a growing popularity in the use of latent change score (LCS) modeling, which has beendifferentiated from traditional autoregressive (TAR) models. In this study, we identify the mathematicalcorrespondence between the two approaches and show how they generate the same trajectories. Weshow that either model can be used to estimate change and stability, but that some particular specifications of TAR models are required when trend (constant change) exists in the dynamic process.
Ability grouping in German secondary schools: The effect of non-academic track schools on the development of Math competencies
Authors: Herrmann Sonja , Bach Katharina Marie
Published: January 2025

Background Differences in competence gains between academic and non-academic track schools are often attributed to selection effects based on students’ primary school performance and socioeconomic status (SES). However, how the competencies of comparable students (in terms of school performance and social background) at different tracks develop is often neglected.AimsWe investigated whether comparable students diverge in their Math competencies due to attending different types of secondary schools, contributing to the ongoing debate on whether inaccurate stratification may lead to disadvantages.MethodsUsing data from the National Education Panel Study (Kindergarten Cohort SC2, N = 4180), we examined students’ competence development from the fourth to seventh grade.We employed a quasi-experimental design (Propensity Score Weighting, PSW) comparing similarly capable students at academic and non-academic school tracks to make causal inferences. The outcome variable was students’ Math competence in seventh grade. PSW used fourth-grade competency measures in Math and reading and other variables such as sex, migration background, SES, class composition, special educational needs, school grades, and school location.ResultsResults revealed a significant average treatment effect on the treated, indicating that comparable students attending non-academic track schools show lower Math performance than those at academic track schools.ConclusionNon-academic tracks seem to hinder the full development of students’ competencies. We conclude that the effects of preconditions like the students’ SES, ability, and aspirations on competence development are lower than assumed and that school learning environments should be given greater importance. We discuss practical solutions and provide suggestions for future research.
Empirical Study of L2 Motivation and Motivational Learning Behaviors among College Students in English for Medicine Class
Authors: Su Na , Othman Rohani Binti , Su Hailin
Published: January 2025

This study examines the relationship between L2 motivation and motivational learning behaviors among college students enrolled in an English for Medicine course at a university in Zhejiang, China. It aims to help language teachers gain a deeper understanding of the relationship among constructs in the L2 Motivational Self System and how constructs like the Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, and Second Language Learning Experience influence students’ motivational learning behaviors using the L2 Motivational Self System framework. Eighty medical students were included as a sample, and a structured questionnaire was used to gather the quantitative data. Through a quantitative analysis, it is found that the students’ motivational learning behaviors are significantly predicted by both L2 motivation and Second Language Learning Experience, with a moderate influence from the Ideal L2 Self. Additionally, the Ought-to L2 Self had less impact on the students’ learning behaviors. The findings show that fostering intrinsic motivation and providing a supportive learning environment is necessary to improve students’ engagement and effort in English for medicine courses.
Corpus-based Readability Assessment of Chinese Cultural Textbooks for Middle School Students from an English Glocalization Perspective
Authors: Su Yujie , L Xueyan , Dai Yuqing
Published: January 2025

The localized English version of Chinese cultural material has played an essential role in spreading Chinese culture worldwide. However, insufficient attention had been paid to the readability of Chinese cultural reading materials, and far less to the readability of Chinese cultural reading materials for middle school students. The readability of Chinese cultural reading materials was calculated based on a self-created corpus, considering various factors such as vocabulary, sentence structure, and comprehensive indicators to analyze the readability of these materials in English quantitatively. Two questions were addressed: 1) To what degree are the current Chinese stories in English readable to middle school students; 2) What readability of Chinese stories in English is ideal for middle school students? The results indicated significant variations in readability among the five sets. It also recognized the need for further adjustments and development of the textbooks to better align with students’ grade levels and curriculum requirements. Moreover, it is crucial to enhance students’ engagement with Chinese culture via textbooks. It helped demonstrate the lack of sufficient attention to the readability of Chinese stories in English, and it inspired future Chinese cultural texts designed for middle school students to possess good adaptability in terms of readability.
Improvising at the Borders and without Borders: Therapeutic Valency and the Discovery of Self in Eastern Siberian Alternative Medicine
Authors:   Institut für Europäische Ethnologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Altukhova Anna , Klepikova Anna
Published: January 2025

The article addresses the problem of how the emic classifications of healers and alternative medicine specialists in Eastern Siberia relate to their institutional affiliations, hierarchies, and the possibilities for improvisation. While to an outside observer the field of alternative medicine appears differentiated by categories of specialists (lamas, shamans, whisperers, etc.), in practice it is more complexly organised, so therapeutic profiles and jurisdictions cannot be described unambiguously. The authors suggest considering the emic classifications with which healers and their clients operate as labels or advertisements which do not fully define the jurisdiction of a particular practitioner and do not limit the scope of potential services. To denote the ability to expand jurisdictions and collect the skills of healing in a portfolio, the article introduces the concept of therapeutic valency. It can be informed either by an institutional track or by self-education or self-discovery. This analytical category allows us to see the basic principles of the structure of healing practice, regardless of the labels applied, and to describe professional dynamics through following more or less rigid scenarios and going beyond them. Each of the variants of professionalisation provides practitioners with different spaces for improvisation with principles and techniques of treatment.
Basic Principles of Democratic Constitution
Authors: Phuyel Shyam Prasad , Acharya Bhojraj
Published: January 2025

The basic values rooted in a democratic constitution serve as the foundation for protecting individual liberty, establishing an equitable society, and encouraging civic duty. At its heart, a democratic constitution must explicitly proclaim people's sovereignty, guaranteeing that all political authority is derived from popular desire. This includes holding free, fair, and regular elections that allow individuals to pick their representatives without force or manipulation. Furthermore, the constitution should guarantee fundamental human rights and freedoms such as free speech, religion, assembly, and the press, promoting an atmosphere in which different points of view may be expressed and heard. The notion of the rule of law must take first place guaranteeing that all persons and institutions are held accountable to the law, which is equitably applied and enforced. Another key component is the separation of powers, which provides checks and balances to prevent abuse of authority by different and independent departments of government (executive, legislative, and judicial). Furthermore, the constitution should encourage social justice, equality, and minority rights, guaranteeing that all people have equal opportunities and are protected from discrimination. This study focused on secondary sources of knowledge about the idea and status of the fundamental values entrenched in the democratic constitution. These principles, taken together, guarantee the creation and preservation of a dynamic, inclusive, and resilient democratic society.
Exploring the Perception of Adolescent Students on Self-Stigma towards Mental Health and Counseling
Authors: Pokharel Rashika
Published: January 2025

In my five years of experience as a psycho-social counselor, I have consistently observed significant stigma surrounding mental health and counseling among adolescents, often exacerbated by peer pressure and societal norms. Even in critical circumstances, counseling is routinely refused because of the prevailing stigma. Mindful of this experience, during my MEd in School Counseling studies at Kathmandu University, I conducted this research on self-stigma among adolescent using Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Self-Discrepancy Theory (SDT). I employed qualitative methods that involved in-depth interviews with four adolescent students of Mahendra Ratna  Secondary School, and Mechi Multiple Campus, Jhapa, who were purposefully selected. In-depth interviews, and thematic analysis, providing verbatim accounts to highlight the influence of stigma were used to make the interpretations. My findings revealed that fear of social rejection among the adolescents and the need to maintain a strong public appearance contribute to reluctance in seeking help. Addressing self-stigma and incorporating mental health education into school curricula are imperative for improving access to mental health care.
Pengaruh Substitusi Bonggol Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca L.) Terhadap Karakteristik Organoleptik dan Analisis Kimia Abon Ikan Bandeng
Authors: Puspita Arwini , Hermanto  , Rejeki Sri , Elvira Ilian
Published: January 2025

Pemanfaatan bonggol pisang sebagai bahan substitusi dalam pembuatan abon ikan bandeng merupakan inovasi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah pertanian, mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan baku ikan bandeng, dan menciptakan produk pangan alternatif yang bernutrisi tinggi serta ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi bonggol pisang kepok terhadap karakteristik organoleptik dan nilai gizi abon ikan bandeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan yaitu: B0 (ikan bandeng 100% : bonggol pisang 0%), B1 (ikan bandeng 80% : bonggol pisang 20%), B2 (ikan bandeng 70% : bonggol pisang 30%), B3 (ikan bandeng 60% : bonggol pisang 40%), dan B4 (ikan bandeng 50% : bonggol pisang 50%). Data di analisis menggunakan Analisis of varian (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penilaian organoleptik hedonik produk abon ikan bandeng yang disukai panelis terdapat pada perlakuan B2 (ikan bandeng 70% : bonggol pisang 30%) dengan nilai kesukaan warna 3,84 (suka), aroma 3,9 (suka), rasa 3,5 (suka), tekstur 3,5 (agak suka). Abon ikan ini mengandung kadar air sebesar 7,20%, kadar abu 4,21%, kadar protein 15,27%, kadar lemak 18,45% dan kadar karbohidrat 54,87%.
kata kunci: abon; bonggol pisang; ikan bandeng
Analisis Nilai Gizi Mie Tepung Mocav dengan Penambahan Eksrak Rumput Laut
Authors: Ndilai Falan , Sufiana
Published: January 2025

Tepung Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) adalah produk tepung dari ubi diperoses menggunakan prinsip memodifikasi sel ubi kayu dengan cara fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan pengaruh penambahan rumput laut dan CMC terhadap penilaian organoleptik mie Mocaf. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan yang merupakan kombinasi proporsi antara tepung Mocaf, rumput laut dan CMC (tepung Mocaf : terigu : rumput laut : CMC ) M1= 50% : 47% : 2% : 1%, M2= 50% : 45% : 4% : 1%, M3= 50% : 43% : 6% : 1%, M4= 50% : 41% : 8% : 1% , M5= 60% : 29% : 10% : 1%, M6= 98% : 2%. Hasil penilaian nilai gizi dengan perlakuan terbaik yaitu M4  kadar air 20,9%, kadar abu 3,32%, Kadar Protein 6,82%, kadar lemak 0,68%, serat kasar 2,43 % dan Karbohidrat 68 %.
Kata Kunci : Mocaf, rumput laut,CMC, mie basah.
May Summer Farnsworth. Feminist Rehearsals: Gender at the Theatre in Early Twentieth-Century Argentina and Mexico
Authors: Amich Candice
Published: January 2025

Feminist Rehearsals is a comparative study of Argentine and Mexican theatre as it intersected with the struggles for women’s rights in the first half of the twentieth century. It is essential reading for all students and scholars of Latin American theatre and performance.
Tina Post. Deadpan: The Aesthetics of Black Inexpression
Authors: Carpenter Faedra Chatard
Published: January 2025

This book explores how the aesthetic gesture of deadpan, an inscrutability or opacity that can be witnessed through corporeal or inanimate means, retains cultural narratives related to Black embodiment and subjectivity. Offering historic and contemporary examples of deadpan, Post presents new ways of thinking about expressionlessness in art and everyday life.
Fire Safety and Protection Measures in Heritage Buildings with Special Consideration on Museum Buildings in Malaysia
Authors: Salleh Nurul Hamiruddin
Published: January 2025

In Malaysia, a number of priceless heritage buildings were badly damaged or burnt down by fire including the People Museum, Melaka (2001), Pak Aliâ€™s House, Gombak (2003) and the Sarawak Club, Kuching (2006). Indeed, fire is one of the greatest threats to heritage buildings not only to the buildingsâ€™ occupants but also to the buildingsâ€™ fabrics and contents. Heritage buildings are irreplaceable, in addition to being vulnerable to fire due to several factors: large scale buildings, flammable priceless contents, and weak existing structures to fire resistance. Unfortunately, until today, there are no sufficient legislations or guidelines on fire safety for heritage buildings in Malaysia. This study audits the current fire safety measures and examines the management of fire safety in Malaysian heritage buildings that focuses on museum buildings. A combination of observations, interviews, questionnaires and case studies was employed to provide primary data in this study. Thirty seven heritage buildings from nine different states in Malaysia were successfully surveyed as building samples. Later, three of them were selected as case studies; each of them represented different criteria in order to gather various information and comparison as much as possible. Findings from the study revealed that there are several fire safety weaknesses in the heritage buildings that could put people and heritage properties on fire risks. Four fire safety guidelines for heritage buildings are recommended at the end of the study.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS MATERIAIS AUTORAIS DIGITAIS EDUCACIONAIS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES:
Authors: Araújo Jesuino Francisco Leonardo , Cavalcante de Medeiros Lídia Carla , De Lima Luciana , Lima Vasconcelos Francisco Herbert
Published: January 2025

A formação de licenciandos enfrenta dificuldades ao lidar com Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDICs), e a inserção de experiências tecnodocentes inova com estratégias para superar esses desafios. O desenvolvimento de Material Autoral Digital Educacional (MADE) do tipo livro-jogo integra as TDICs na prática docente e surge como uma alternativa para promover uma abordagem centrada no estudante. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que maneira um MADE desenvolvido por licenciandos de uma Instituição Pública de Ensino Superior (IPES) pode contribuir para a formação de professores no contexto da Tecnodocência. A pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória descreve e interpreta o MADE com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Tecnodocência, apresentando duas categorias: interdisciplinaridade e integração entre docência e TDICs. O MADE em questão integra quatro áreas do conhecimento (Ciências Biológicas, Educação Física, História e Química), abordando conteúdos como glândulas hormonais, Yoga, religião e elementos químicos utilizando quatro princípios da Tecnodocência. Os resultados mostram que o MADE inovou no processo de aprendizagem e ajudou os licenciandos a desenvolverem habilidades essenciais para a prática docente futura. A interdisciplinaridade e a integração entre docência e TDICs mostraram-se relevantes para uma formação mais abrangente e contextualizada.
APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA E AVALIAÇÃO FORMATIVA VIA QUATRO ABORDAGENS DE ENSINO: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Ferreira Marcello , Ribas Sabrina Nunes , Silva André Luís Silva da , Nogara Pablo Andrei , Coelho André Luís Miranda de Barcellos , Silva Filho Olavo Leopoldino da , Portugal Khalil Oliveira
Published: January 2025

Na educação contemporânea, é imprescindível a adoção de estratégias e abordagens didáticas voltadas a aprendizagens envolventes, participativas e significativas. Este estudo empreendeu a tarefa de explorar conexões entre quatro estratégias e abordagens educacionais distintas – “Seminários”, “Feiras de Ciências”, “Experimentações” e “Mapas Conceituais” – e os fundamentos subjacentes à Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa e à Avaliação Formativa. A identificação inicial de 466 artigos em dois periódicos de grande relevância, seguida pela análise de 20 deles contendo as temáticas investigadas revelou diversidade de estratégias e abordagens, abarcando desde contextos da Educação Básica até os da Educação Superior. Os resultados obtidos revelam uma consistente atenção para aproximar as estratégias de ensino com os princípios teóricos propostos, visando criar ambientes educativos que fomentem aprendizagens com significados e participativas. A categorização dos artigos em Pesquisas Educacionais e Pesquisas de Divulgação Científica ressalta a pluralidade inerente a esse campo de estudo. A abordagem multifacetada identificada nas pesquisas destaca a importância intrínseca de entrelaçar teoria e prática no processo educativo. Tais metodologias promovem uma compreensão profunda, evidenciando a necessidade do processo educativo por meio da aplicação de estratégias educacionais com teorias pedagógicas bem estabelecidas.
ENSINO DE BOTÂNICA E ESTATÍSTICA DESCRITIVA: UMA ABORDAGEM INTERDISCIPLINAR COM ESTUDANTES DO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Bacil Caroline , Martins Stavny Fabiola , Dos Santos Junior Guataçara , Bertoni Danislei , Budek Dias Cristiane
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições do ensino de Botânica e Estatística Descritiva em uma abordagem interdisciplinar com estudantes do Ensino Médio para os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. A pesquisa foi conduzida em cinco etapas e o levantamento teórico explorou a interligação entre Estatística e Biologia. As atividades foram realizadas em uma escola rural no município de São João do Triunfo, PR. Uma sequência de ensino, alinhada aos novos padrões curriculares do novo Ensino Médio, integrou conteúdos estatísticos e Botânica. Aplicada em uma turma da segunda série, a pesquisa envolveu a coleta e análise de 120 folhas de Prunus domestica. Os estudantes, em grupos, realizaram cálculos estatísticos e elaboraram exsicatas foliares para análise morfológica. Utilizando Análise Textual Discursiva, identificaram-se dificuldades conceituais. Conclui-se que a abordagem interdisciplinar pode beneficiar a aprendizagem e aumentar a motivação dos estudantes.
“Friends” with Benefits?
Authors: Fleisch Eric
Published: January 2025

Historically, the impact of American Jewish philanthropic support for Israel has been significant and far reaching. Yet American Jews have, by and large, not attempted to leverage their philanthropy for the purposes of advancing their own agendas in Israel. Since the 1990s, however, there have been substantial changes in how American Jews give to Israel. Total inflation-adjusted peacetime giving is higher than at any point in Israel's history, but the traditional channels that dominated the field for decades—Jewish federations and the Jewish Agency—have been overtaken collectively by over eight hundred smaller ‘friends of’ and umbrella organizations. This article assesses the degree to which the American Jews running these organizations use their money as a means to push for agendas not necessarily prioritized in the same way by the Israelis to whom they are donating. Through case studies of ten Israeli non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and their relationships with their associated American fundraising vehicles, this article elucidates the range of interaction patterns, exploring issues such as trust, collaboration, and the extent of involvement by Americans. Most importantly, it introduces a typology for studying the broader field of thousands of Israeli NGOs that depend on diaspora Jews for financial support.
Scientific contribution of G.I. Rychagov to the study of the Caspian Sea and its' basin
Authors: Bredikhin A. V. , Bolysov S. I. , Antonov S. I. , Kuznetsov M. A.
Published: January 2025

Based on many years of geomorphological studies over the coast of the largest lake in the world, the outstanding Russian geomorphologist G.I. Rychagov formulated the idea of the Caspian Sea as a complex self-regulating system in which the altitude position of the basin level is determined not only by the values of the components of the water balance, but also by the topography of the bottom and the land adjacent to its' water area. Regarding the modern (Holocene) stage of its' development, the author determined the amplitude of level fluctuations in the range of absolute values from –25 to –30 m. The long-term forecast for the development of the Caspian Sea level was justified twice during the author’s lifetime. The experience of paleogeographical studies of the Caspian coast allowed G.I. Rychagov to formulate and solve a number of scientific and methodological issues. First of all, it showed the high information content of geomorphological data and geomorphological analysis in paleogeographical and forecasting work. Thus, data on the depths of incision of the mouth areas of the valleys of small rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea, in addition to the heights of the surfaces of the Neo-Caspian marine terraces, turned out to be excellent indicators of the magnitude of sea level fluctuations. The close connection between the development of the Caspian Sea and the processes in its' basin required a detailed study of its' largest part – the Volga River basin. The key site here was the Satinsky educational and scientific polygon in the basin of the middle reaches of the Protva River. Many years of comprehensive work under the leadership of G.I. Rychagov made the Satinsky polygon one of the most studied geologically and geomorphologically in the central region of the East European Plain. The geomorphological and complex paleogeographical method of studying the relief of the territory and the Middle-Upper Neopleistocene strata composing it allow us to consider the test site as a stratotypic area for the Middle Neopleistocene of the region. The independence of two glaciations of the Middle Neopleistocene – Moscow and Dnieper – was shown.
Debris flow processes on lateral moraines of mountain glaciers (analytical review)
Authors: Bekkiev M. Yu. , Dokukin M. D. , Zalikhanov M. Ch. , Kalov R. Kh. , Fedchenko L. M. , Akaev A. R.
Published: January 2025

As a result of climate change there have been high rates of degradation of mountain glaciers in recent years. During deglaciation in the territories previously occupied by glaciers, moraines of various morphogenetic types remain deposited by them, connected with massifs of glacial-colluvial and other deposits. The most actively involved in debris flow processes are massifs of terminal moraines with extended steep ledges, on which debris flow cuts and furrows develop.
Much less often, debris flow original sites are formed on lateral moraines, but debris flows can reach catastrophic proportions. The analysis of publications and of multi-time satellite images revealed data on the formation of debris flow original sites of various types in the areas of lateral moraines of mountain glaciers, pockets of lateral moraines filled with slope and glacial deposits, as well as lakes and streams inside them. Similar debris flow original sites have been characterized for the Central Caucasus, the Andes, the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas and Tibet. The largest debris flow disasters with original sites in areas of lateral moraines were outbursts of Palcacocha lakes in Peru in 1941 and Chorabari in India in 2013 with a death toll of up to 6054, as well as the outburst of South Lhonak Lake in Sikkim (India) in 2023. In areas of lateral moraines of valley glaciers connected with moraine pedestals of former tributary glaciers, the volume of mass transport of debris flows can reach 6.5 million m3 (lateral moraine of the Gangotri glacier in the Himalayas in 2017). The progress of debris flow processes on lateral moraines of mountain glaciers must be taken into account when developing mountain territories both in areas near lateral moraines and at a considerable distance from them.
Right Turn on Red: Energy-Saving Measure or Unsafe Maneuver?
Authors: Appleyard Bruce , Pande Anurag , Gibbons Joseph , Tanvir Shams , Honey Megan , Ahangarfabrik Nell , Carbajal Mario , Swayne Madison
Published: January 2025

There is a growing interest in prohibiting right turn on red (RTOR) policies in the name of pedestrian and bicycle safety but there is not enough research on the subject to help agencies make informed decisions. When Congress passed the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975, they included a provision requiring states to permit right turns on red lights as an energy-saving measure to receive federal assistance for mandated conservation programs. Since 1980, all states have permitted right turns on red as a general rule. More research is needed to help guide state policies that can support jurisdictions in making more informed and context-sensitive decisions. This research examines the infrastructure design and built environment-related factors associated with RTOR collisions—particularly those involving pedestrians and bicyclists. We also looked at emissions issues for RTOR maneuvers. Our findings reveal that RTOR movements are generally unsafe for pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers, while only marginally useful in lowering emissions and only under certain contexts. Those marginal benefits may further decline with increased electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Despite RTOR crashes being a small portion of collisions and fatalities at signalized intersections, they tend to be more severe for vulnerable road users (e.g., bicyclists and pedestrians). Additionally, given the rise of SUVs/pickups in the U.S. personal automobile fleet—which tend to cause more severe collisions—RTOR prohibition is a proactive safety strategy consistent with the internationally recognized and USDOT-adopted Safe Systems approach. We recommend that state policy should make it easier for California communities to prohibit RTOR movements. We also recognize that banning or permitting RTOR movements should acknowledge the specific contexts of the communities (their place types), which could unduly burden cities that want to allow or prohibit RTOR at a vast number of their intersections in terms of signage. Informed decisions about RTOR policies can improve road safety for all.
Foundation Models for Low-Resource Language Education (Vision Paper)
Authors: Ding Zhaojun , Liu Zhengliang , Jiang Hanqi , Gao Yizhu , Zhai Xiaoming , Liu Tianming , Liu Ninghao
Published: January 2025

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools for working with natural language, bringing advances in many areas of computational linguistics. However, these models face challenges when applied to low-resource languages due to limited training data and difficulty in understanding cultural nuances. Research is now focusing on multilingual models to improve LLM performance for these languages. Education in these languages also struggles with a lack of resources and qualified teachers, particularly in underdeveloped regions. Here, LLMs can be transformative, supporting innovative methods like community-driven learning and digital platforms. This paper discusses how LLMs could enhance education for low-resource languages, emphasizing practical applications and benefits.
What to Expect in a Forest Inventory
Authors: Demers Chris , Latt Chris , Clausen Robert
Published: January 2025

This document outlines the importance of forest inventory for resource management, detailing its benefits for timber valuation, wildlife habitat assessment, and recreational planning. It explains the steps involved in conducting an inventory, including mapping, sampling, and data analysis. The article emphasizes the need for professional assistance in complex inventories and provides guidance on selecting consultants. It also highlights the significance of background information, such as property maps and soil types, for effective forest management. The document concludes with recommendations for storing inventory data and ensuring its long-term usefulness. First published January 2002.
Chapter 3 - Assessing Hurricane-Damaged Trees and Deciding What to Do
Authors: Kampf Eliana , Duryea Mary L. , Gilman Edward , Delgado Astrid
Published: January 2025

Right after a hurricane, communities and homeowners need to decide what to do with storm-damaged trees. Although damaged trees may seem to be dying, some trees can be restored, others will need to be removed, and still others will not require any special treatment and can be left alone. The factors that should be considered when deciding whether to remove or restore storm-damaged trees are discussed in detail in this fact sheet. This information helps to make informed decisions about how to treat the damaged trees after a storm. First published January 2007.
Capítulo 1 - Limpieza Después de un Huracán:¡La Seguridad es Primordial!
Authors: Kampf Eliana , Delgado Astrid , Lehtola Carol , Duryea Mary L.
Published: January 2025

This document emphasizes the importance of safety during post-hurricane cleanup, highlighting the dangers associated with using chainsaws and other equipment. It outlines six key areas for safe cleanup: personal protective equipment, debris removal, site assessment, caution around power lines, work area preparation, and chainsaw handling. The goal is to prepare homeowners and tree care professionals to conduct cleanup operations safely, reducing the risk of accidents that commonly occur after hurricanes and other natural disasters.
Keys to Successful Tomato and Cucumber Production in Perlite Media
Authors: Hochmuth George , Hochmuth Robert
Published: January 2025

This document provides a comprehensive guide for successful greenhouse production of tomatoes and cucumbers in perlite media. It covers essential aspects such as media preparation, irrigation, transplanting, and pest control. The guide is aimed at small to medium-sized growers but is also applicable to larger operations. Key topics include the benefits of perlite, irrigation techniques, nutrient management, and environmental control. The document emphasizes the importance of record-keeping and observation for optimal crop management and highlights the potential for reusing perlite media under certain conditions. First publication date: January 1996.
Improving Financial Fraud Detection System with Advanced Machine Learning for Predictive Analysis and Prevention
Authors: Sagar Bharat Shah
Published: January 2025

Credit card fraud is a major problem for financial institutions. Credit card fraud costs over one million people every year across several different nations. Research studies involving the study of actual credit card data are few and few between because of privacy issues. In order to prevent financial losses and make sure that transactions are safe, CCFD is an essential application in financial systems. This paper focuses on the analysis of financial fraud detection system that uses ML algorithms with special emphasis on the CCFD dataset. The system methods for increasing the model’s accuracy consist of data preprocessing, feature engineering, and class balancing with Borderline-SMOTE. LSTM model improves the performance of the competitors’ algorithms with 99.9% accuracy, precision80.3%, a recall92.1% and F1 - score85.8%. Regarding the trade-off among accuracy and recall rate, LSTM is superior to other models from the fraud detection portfolio, including DT, RF, and SVM. Continuous real-time data, CNNs and other forms of DL may be further explored in future research to extend the detection of fraud. More improvements could also center on model interpretation and bringing up the models’ suitability for practical utility in big conventional financial structures.
Entre prexuízos e estereotipos
Authors: Veiga Mateos Inés , Iglesias Cancela Yolanda
Published: January 2025

Neste artigo afóndase no estudo, desde o punto de vista lexicográfico, dos modelos de relación afectivo-sexual máis tradi-cionais. As relacións monógamas son maioritarias nos nosos días, mais cómpre ter en conta que isto non sempre foi así nin ocorre en todas as culturas. Por medio da análise dos artigos lexicográficos que se recollen para as voces monogamia, bigamia, poligamia, poliandria e polixinia nalgúns dos principais dicionarios de carácter xeral do galego e doutras linguas da nosa contorna, reflexionaremos sobre a orixe e evolución semántica destes termos e dedicarémoslles especial atención aos enunciados definitorios e aos exemplos recollidos. O noso principal obxectivo é identificar as principais incorreccións e nesgos cognitivos presentes nestes textos, coa intención de evidenciar a persistencia de determinados prexuízos, estereotipos ou concepcións caducas no discurso lexicográfico. O traballo finaliza cunha proposta de modificación das definicións lexicográficas para os termos estudados. O interese desta proposta adica, por unha banda, en que desprovemos os novos enunciados de xuízos inexactos e, pola outra, en que incorporamos os significados derivados que estas voces posúen hoxe en día.
СИТУАЦІЙНЕ ЛІДЕРСТВО: СУТНІСТЬ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИБОРУ СТИЛІВ ВПЛИВУ В УМОВАХ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Белянська Ольга , Передало Христина
Published: January 2025

Розглянуто значимість лідерства як феномену в управлінській діяльності сучасних підприємств та трактування сутності даного поняття вітчизняними та зарубіжними науковцями. Звернено увагу на наявність відмінностей між керівництвом та лідерством, а також на видах лідерства, а саме: харизматичному, ситуаційному та трансформаційному. Проаналізовано стилі лідерства згідно з ситуаційними теоріями Р. Блейка і Д. Моутона, Ф. Фідлера, В. Врума і Ф. Йеттона, Т. Мітчела і Р. Хауса, П. Херсі та К. Бланшара. Наведено результати дослідження використання ситуаційного лідерства на одному з будівельних підприємств Львівщини. Визначено, на основі опитування, що ключовими проблемами за предметом дослідження є низький рівень обізнаності з сутністю ситуаційного лідерства та його моделями. Встановлено, що на підприємстві застосовують переважно авторитарний або демократичний стиль лідерства. У статті запропоновано використовувати ситуаційну модель лідерства Поля Херсі та Кена Бланшара, яка передбачає вибір стилю на підставі визначеного стану зрілості підлеглих.