bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vueltas con la regulación de las aguas de baño en la Unión Europea: ¿hacer de la necesidad, virtud?
Authors: Torres Cazorla María Isabel
Published: July 2024

La regulación de la calidad de las aguas de baño en la Unión Europea es un tema que hunde sus raíces en la década de los setenta del pasado siglo xx, con la adopción de la primera directiva sobre el particular (Directiva 76/160/CEE). La misma fue sucedida, más recientemente, por la Directiva 2006/7/CE, que en la actualidad se encuentra sometida a un proceso de discusión y —eventualmente— revisión. Este trabajo analiza la regulación llevada a cabo hasta la fecha, las propuestas de mejora de la misma y los problemas y obstáculos que se han encontrado para poner en práctica los objetivos delineados por las directivas antedichas. Se trata de un tema donde medio ambiente, seguridad y salud están imbricados, teniendo como telón de fondo el uso recreativo de las aguas de baño (marítimas y agua dulce) en condiciones sanitarias seguras.
Recibido: 18 marzo 2024 Aceptado: 29 mayo 2024
Crónica de la Jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea Primer semestre de 2024
Authors: Ordoñez Solís David
Published: July 2024

Sumario: I. Introducción.—II. Primera parte. Los desarrollos jurisprudenciales del derecho de la Unión Europea. 1. La salvaguarda del Estado de Derecho. 2. El derecho a la vida privada y a la protección de datos, huellas dactilares y conservación de datos en Internet. 3. El asilo en la Unión Europea y sus contornos jurisprudenciales. 4. Las costas y los baremos de los colegios de abogados bajo el prisma del Derecho europeo de la competencia. 5. Los controles en origen y en destino de los proveedores de servicios en Internet. 6. El derecho a una buena administración tributaria.—III. Segunda parte. La jurisprudencia europea, los tribunales españoles y sus efectos en el derecho interno. 1. Los derechos de los trabajadores frente a los empleadores. 2. Los derechos de los consumidores frente a las empresas. 3. Las relaciones entre sociedades mercantiles: marcas y jurisdicción competente en materia de insolvencia y de transporte marítimo. 4. Los derechos de los ciudadanos frente a la Administración tributaria. 5. Los derechos de los ciudadanos no comunitarios y el orden público. 6. Los incumplimientos de las Directivas medioambientales: contaminación de aguas por nitratos.—IV. Relación de las sentencias comentadas.
Actualidad institucional y económica de España en el marco de la Unión Europea (julio de 2024)
Authors: Rodríguez Talavera Pablo
Published: July 2024

Sumario: I. Introducción.—II. El Estado de la Integración. —III. Cuestiones generales de la actualidad económica.
Risk factors of exposure to Brucella through milk consumption in cattle keeping households in Rwanda
Authors: Djangwani J ,   University of Nairobi, Abong’ GO , Njue LG , Kaindi DWM ,   University of Nairobi,   University of Nairobi,   University of Nairobi
Published: July 2024

Milk produced in Rwanda and consumed in cattle keeping households poses undocumented food safety risks including the transmission of the zoonotic brucellosis from animals to humans. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the risk factors of exposure to Brucella species through milk consumption in zero grazing and open grazing cattle keeping households in Rwanda. The study was a cross-sectional study which involved 198 and 132 households practicing zero grazing and open grazing cattle production systems, respectively. To determine the risk factors exposure to Brucella through milk consumption, a questionnaire was used to collect data on milk consumption habits and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (i-ELISA) was used to collect data on farm bulk milk contamination with Brucella. Collected questionnaire and i-ELISA data were then analyzed using SPSS descriptive statistics and logistic regression. In nearly half (49.1 %; 162/330) of all surveyed households, raw milk was consumed. And overall, 14.2% (47/330) of all surveyed households were exposed to Brucella by having at least one household member consuming raw milk in a household for which the farm bulk milk sample tested positive for Brucella. The proportion of open grazing households in which raw milk was consumed and from which the farm bulk milk sample tested positive for Brucella (34.8 %; 46/132) was significantly high (p < 0.05) compared to the proportion of zero grazing households consuming raw milk and having a Brucella positive farm bulk milk sample (0.5 %; 1/198). While in total 4.8 % (77/1589) of all surveyed individual household members were exposed to Brucella by consuming raw milk in a household for which the farm bulk milk sample had tested positive for Brucella, the cattle keeper was the most exposed household member (OR=50.82, 95 % CI [17.9-143.9], p < 0.05). Practicing open grazing cattle production system was significantly associated with raw milk consumption and raw milk consumption in a household with a Brucella positive farm bulk milk. There is a risk of exposure to Brucella through milk consumption especially in households practicing open grazing cattle production in Rwanda. Educational campaigns are needed to raise awareness about the dangers of drinking raw milk in regards to zoonotic brucellosis. Key words: Brucella, consumption, exposure, grazing, household, milk, risk factor, Brucella positive
Toxicity of rock dust and charcoal powder enhanced with diatomaceous earth against rice weevil in maize stored by smallholder farmers
Authors: Sitoe MD ,   Eduardo Mondlane University, Zorzetti J , Neves PMOJ ,   Londrina State University,   Centre of Excellence in Agri-food Systems and Nutrition – CEAFSN
Published: July 2024

Maize is a major staple food in Africa, its production and post-harvest generally occurs on smallholder farmers' properties, where significant food losses occur in the field during harvesting, processing and storage. Most smallholder farmers lack access to modern methods of harvesting, processing and storage. Generally, the storage structures used are ineffective against storage pests, leading to post-harvest losses due to insect pests that, in some cases, can reach about 40% of the total production. Pest control is generally scarce, and when adopted, it is based on local knowledge-based pest control alternatives or on the application of synthetic pesticides known to be harmful to the environment and human and animal health. So, alternative pest control methods commonly found include the use of inert dust as an integrated pest management approach, without residual effects and ideal for food safety. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of charcoal powder (CP) and rock dust (RD) alone or combined with diatomaceous earth (DE) in the control of rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae). Maize grains were treated and infested by the addition of Sitophilus oryzae, on the day they were treated and, 30 and 60 days after treatment. Mortality was assessed at 10 and 20 days after each infestation. Emerged insects were counted 40 days after the second mortality assessment for each infestation period. At 90 days after treatment, the seed germination test was performed. The best treatments for Sitophilus oryzae control (mortality) and F1 emergence reduction were RD (0.5, 0.25 and 0.10 g/kg), RD+DE (0.5+0.05, 0.25+0.05 and 0.10+0.05 g/kg), and CP+DE (1.0+0.05, 0.50+0.05 and 0.25+0.05 g/kg). The RD and RD+DE remained efficient in maize treated and stored for 60 days. The treatments did not interfere with seed germination. Rock Dusts, RD+DE, and CP have the potential to be used as stored grain protectants, providing economically and environmentally friendly pest control alternatives, especially in small-scale agriculture. In developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, studies for optimization and introduction of inert dusts tested in this research, have the potential to reduce post-harvest losses, improving food security. Key words: Inert dust, stored maize, biological agriculture, storage pests, diatomaceous earths
Assessment of market price determinants of live goats in three district municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Mthi S ,   Dohne Agricultural Development Institute, Washaya S , Ikusika OO , Mpisana Z , Qokweni L , Yawa M , Tyasi TL , Rumosa-Gwaze F , Tokozwayo S , Mabece V , Ngonyama A , Duda S , Mpendulo CT ,   Great Zimbabwe University,   University of Fort Hare,   University of Fort Hare,   Dohne Agricultural Development Institute,   University of Limpopo,   Ikhala TVET College,   Dohne Agricultural Development Institute,   University of Fort Hare
Published: July 2024

Goat production is essential to South African rural livelihood despite being faced with numerous challenges. Goat trade is crucial for African rural households' welfare, and food security. The study aimed to assess market price determinants of live goats in three Eastern Cape Province district municipalities. A pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire obtained information from randomly selected 210 out of 350 goat farmers. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science to generate means, frequency, and percentage. Pearson's chi-square test was used to analyze farmers' demographic profiles, flock structure, and price determinants of goats. The results revealed that goat farming in the study areas was dominated by men (78%), and 43% were between 41 and 60 years. More than 40% of the respondents had advanced secondary education and more than 10 years of farming experience, holding between 2-5ha land with a household size ranging from 4-6 members. Regarding flock structure, female goats accounted for a higher proportion (53.2%) than their male counterparts (46.8%). Cash income (42.3%) was the main reason for keeping goats in the study areas. This is followed by traditional ceremonies purpose, while milk purpose was the least reason goat's farmers in the study area keep goats. Findings revealed that body size (p<0.001), colour (p<0.05), sex (p<0.01), age (p<0.001), season (p<0.001), breed (p<0.05) and head type (p<0.05) were the main determining attributes for the market price of live goats in the study areas. The study revealed that most goat farmers sell live goats during December (57%) compared to other seasons (43%). This could be attributed to the many traditional ceremonies among the Isixhosa people, who comprise the study area. The desired features and attributes influencing prices should be informed and incorporated into the breeding. It could be concluded that the size of the goat and the season are the main determinants of prices for goats in the study area. Additionally, various stakeholders should create market linkages and access to market information systems to convert the system into market-oriented using a value chain framework. Key words: Income, size, colour, season, live goats, South Africa
A diallel cross-based analysis of the genetic basis of pod quality and pod yield in snap bean
Authors: Njau SN ,   University of Embu, Arunga EE , Otsyula R ,   University of Embu,   Non-Ruminant Research Institute
Published: July 2024

Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is among the leading vegetables in Kenya that is mainly grown for export with the potential to increase household income. There are few programs in Kenya that focus on breeding new cultivars for increased production. The development of snap bean varieties that are resilient to the changing climate is crucial for sustainable agriculture in Kenya. To achieve this, knowledge of gene action, trait expression, and heritability is vital in effective breeding for quantitative traits like pod quality and yield. A study was conducted to investigate the inheritance of pod quality and yield traits in snap beans, which can inform the breeding of snap beans. A half diallel cross involving two indeterminate dry beans (G2333 and MCM 5001) and five determinate snap beans (Amy, Moonstone, Seagull, Serengeti and Vanilla) varieties was conducted. Data on pod traits (pod weight per plant, pod number per plant, pod length, pod diameter, pod wall fiber and pod suture string) were collected from 21 F1s and 7 parents grown in two locations (Embu and Kirinyaga Counties) in Kenya. The results showed significant genotypic and environmental effects (P < 0.001) for all traits, with significant genotype by environment (G × E) interactions for most traits. Additionally, general combining abilities (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) were significant for all traits evaluated. The significance of GCA and SCA indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in controlling the traits, although the additive gene effects were predominant. The study revealed that Vanilla and Serengeti had the highest GCA estimate for pod quality traits, while G2333 and MCM5001 had the highest GCA estimate for pod yield traits. Snap bean pod yield and quality are quantitative traits controlled by multiple genes and influenced by the environment. Therefore, the predominance of additive gene effects suggests that selection for these traits in segregating generations could yield satisfactory gains. The results of this study could impact the development of snap bean varieties that are more resilient to the effects of climate change. Thus, improving the sustainability and productivity of the agriculture sector in Kenya. Key words: Snap bean, GCA, SCA, gene action, heritability, combining ability
Uptake of health insurance by the informal sector workers at Kenyatta market, Kibra sub-county, Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Okumu Mary , Wanyonyi Luketero S , Wabuya Kikete D
Published: July 2024

The uptake rate of health insurance in many countries is quite low, particularly in Africa and East Asia. In Kenya, the National Health Insurance has been lowly taken up by employees involved in the informal economy, this has been credited to a host of factors. This paper assessed the influence of education level, income level, marital status, and religious affiliations on the rate at which the National Health Insurance is taken up by informal sector employees in Kenyatta market. The theories of Maslow hierarchy of needs and Planned behaviour were anchors for the study. Descriptive research design was used. A sample of 241 respondents was chosen from the different strata identified based on a simple random sampling technique. Instruments validity was checked by experts in the field while Cronbach alpha coefficient was used in checking reliability. The findings show that only 64.4% of the sampled respondents had enrolled in NHIF scheme despite government policy that every Kenyan 18 years and above must enroll for NHIF.  In addition, based on the binary logistic regression, it was found that education and income were positive significant predictors of NHIF uptake, religious affiliations have a negative influence on uptake of NHIF, and marital status was not a significant predictor of uptake of NHIF. The study findings will be significant to researchers in the area of project management in particular health projects financing.
Exploring the multifaceted roles of English for specific purposes practitioners within the transformative paradigm in higher education
Authors: Chaovanapricha Traithana , Champakaew Wilawan
Published: July 2024

This academic article, utilizing an analytical literature review, aimed to explore the multifaceted roles of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) practitioners. It was found that there were five key roles responsible by the practitioners: (1) teaching; (2) course designing and material providing; (3) researching; (4) collaborating; and (5) evaluating. Performing the teaching role, practitioners facilitate learning, integrate subject-specific content, and foster authentic communication. As course designers and material providers, ESP practitioners adopt language-centered, skills-centered, and learning-centered approaches, as well as the cyclical process of needs analysis, ensuring relevance and authenticity in their courses. ESP practitioners, in their role as researchers, actively participate in action research to develop their professional identities within the ESP context. Collaboration with subject teachers and colleagues also emerges as a crucial aspect, ranging from cooperation to team-teaching, with associated challenges. Lastly, ESP practitioners serve as evaluators, assessing teaching methods, materials, and student learning outcomes, emphasizing fair and constructive evaluation aligned with academic and professional achievements. The discussion highlights the dynamic and comprehensive nature of ESP practitioners' responsibilities, requiring ongoing adaptation and improvement in response to the evolving demands of ESP instruction. Moreover, clear national educational and language policies of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) countries should be emphasized to succeed in their ESP education.
Psychosocial barriers to promoting self-directed and autonomous learning: The perception of students and lecturers in Malaysia
Authors: Esmaeil Ahmad Azmi Abdel Hamid , Dzulkifli Dg Norizah Binti Ag Kiflee @ , Maakip Ismail , Halik Murnizam , Marshall Sanen
Published: July 2024

It can be difficult to align with the present theoretical change in education from teacher-centered to student-centered learning especially in high-power distance cultures like Malaysia that are communal. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of students and lecturers regarding the psychosocial barriers to promoting self-directed and autonomous learning in the Malaysian context. The qualitative research method was chosen based on the research questions. Qualitative research allows the researcher to understand people's beliefs, attitudes, perceptions and behaviors. This study used purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen students and four lecturers at a Malaysian public university. The study found two types of challenges: personal (within the student) and environmental (surrounding the student). Personal obstacles include ideas about the value of education such as an emphasis on grades and diplomas as well as attitudes towards life, such as a propensity for hedonism and a need for spoon-feeding. Environmental barriers include a lack of encouragement for critical thinking, the development of student dependency, issues with university regulations, family and lecturers' attitudes and teaching methods. These challenges were explained using Hofstede's, self-determination and ARCS theories. The study highlights how important it is for teachers to modify their pedagogical approaches and attitudes in order to encourage student-centered learning as well as how important it is for students to get more assistance and support.
Implementing maqasid sharia: Impact on stability of Indonesian Islamic banks
Authors: Analia Adinda Lia , Hakim Abdul , Anto Mohammad Bekti Hendrie , Perdana Andika Ridha Ayu
Published: July 2024

Purpose – This study analyzes the relationship between maqasid sharia and the stability of Islamic banks in Indonesia.Methodology – This study uses annual balanced panel data of eight Islamic banks in Indonesia from to 2010-2020 and utilizes a random effects model (REM) approach with the generalized least squares (GLS) method. The dependent variable is the Z-score as a proxy for bank stability, and the independent variables are bank size, the maqasid index (MI), capital adequacy ratio (CAR), gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, and interest rate.Findings – This research reveals that the stability of Islamic banking in Indonesia decreased over the study period, whereas maqasid performance increased. Furthermore, this study shows that the maqasid index and GDP negatively influence the Z-score, while bank size and CAR have a positive influence. We found no influence of inflation or the interest rate on the Z-score. The negative impact of the Maqasid index denotes poor management and financing quality, which is linked to the slanted achievement of the three Maqasid objectives (education, justice, and maslahah) during the study period.Implications – Policymakers, industry, and academics can use the research findings as recommendations to strengthen the stability of Islamic banks and their role in promoting welfare.Originality – This study employs the maqasid index as a proxy for Islamic bank performance to analyze its influence on bank stability.
Энтропийная регуляризация разрывного метода Галеркина для трехмерных уравнений Эйлера
Authors: Kriksin Yury Anatolievich , Tishkin Vladimir Fedorovich
Published: July 2024

Построена энтропийная регуляризация консервативного устойчивого разрывного метода Галеркина в консервативных переменных для трехмерных уравнений Эйлера на основе специального ограничителя наклонов. Данный ограничитель обеспечивает выполнение трехмерных аналогов условий монотонности и дискретного аналога энтропийного неравенства. Проведено тестирование разработанного метода на трехмерной модельной задаче о вихре Тейлора-Грина.
Исследование качества адаптивных сеток для расчета отрывных течений на основе двухжидкостной модели турбулентности
Authors: Madaliev Murodil Erkinjanovich
Published: July 2024

Исследуется эффективность адаптивных расчетных сеток, основанных на концепции метода эквираспределения для задачи поперечного обтекания турбулентным потоком цилиндра с квадратным сечением. Моделирование турбулентности проведено на основе двухжидкостной модели турбулентности З.М. Маликова для числа Рейнольдса Re=21400. Для подтверждения корректности численных результатов выполнено сравнение с экспериментальными данными, которые были взяты из литературных источников. Показано, что в результате использования адаптивных сеток можно улучшить численную точность при заданном числе узловых точек за счет сгущения их в необходимых областях.
Сквозной расчет термомеханических процессов в твердом теле с динамическим контролем агрегатного состояния
Authors: Boykov Dmitrii Sergeevich
Published: July 2024

Построена комплексная компьютерная модель термомеханических явлений в твердом деформируемом материале в результате действия интенсивных потоков энергии. Разработан алгоритм сквозного расчета нагрева, испарения, динамики испаренного вещества и упругопластических волновых процессов, приводящих к разрушениям в неиспаренном твердом материале. Предложена новая методика динамического контроля изменения агрегатного состояния конденсированной среды с соответствующим выбором уравнения состояния и формы тензора напряжений. Созданная модель позволяет проводить численные исследования свойств материалов при интенсивных энергетических воздействиях. Проведены расчеты разрушения полимерных и композитных материалов под действием ионизирующих излучений. Результаты расчетов по предложенной модели находятся в качественном и количественном согласии с экспериментальными данными.
Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Asing, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Leverage Terhadap Pemilihan Auditor Eksternal
Authors: Warokka Ribka Remita , Nindito Marsellisa , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan asing, ukuran perusahaan, dan leverage terhadap pemilihan auditor eksternal pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2020-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan perusahaan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan teknik purposive sampling, sehingga memeroleh 55 perusahaan sebagai sampel atau 165 data observasi selama periode penelitian. Teknik analasis data pada penelitian ini ialah analisis regresi logistik serta data diolah menggunakan software IBM SPSS Versi 29.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemilikan asing dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif terhadap pemilihan auditor eksternal. Sedangkan kepemilikan institusional dan leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap pemilihan auditor eksternal. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah, memperluas dan meningkatkan objek atau sampel penelitian, menambahkan tahun pengamatan, meggunakan proksi lain untuk mengukur pemilihan auditor eksternal serta mempertimbangkan penambahan variabel lain yang juga berpotensi mempengaruhi pemilihan auditor eksternal.
Analisis Penerapan ISAK 35 Tentang Laporan Keuangan Organisasi Nonlaba pada Gereja HKBP Kutabumi
Authors: Ruth Gabirella Apriliana  , Ulupui I Gusti Ketut Agung , Pahala Indra
Published: July 2024

This research aims to apply ISAK 35 guidelines in preparing the financial statements of HKBP Kutabumi Church for the year 2022, following the accounting cycle process. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. Data collection techniques include interviews, documentation, and observation. The data sources utilized are primary and secondary data. The results of this study indicate that HKBP Kutabumi Church has not yet implemented financial reporting based on ISAK 35. The church's financial statements are prepared on a cash basis with a single entry recording system, where only cash inflows and outflows are recorded. Additionally, church officials have not conducted an inventory of assets owned. Therefore, the researcher compiled and prepared the financial statements of HKBP Kutabumi Church for the year 2022 in accordance with ISAK 35 accounting standards. These include the statement of financial position, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in net assets, statement of cash flows, and notes to the financial statements.
Religion, Education, and Maintaining Ethno-religious Harmony in Sanggau, West Kalimantan
Authors: Ruslan Ismail , Amri Faizal , Yusriadi Yusriadi
Published: July 2024

This study aims to explore the role of religion and education in maintaining inter-ethnic harmony in Sanggau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sanggau, with its ethnic diversity including Malays, Dayaks, Chinese and others, provides a rich context for understanding how inter-group harmony can be maintained through religious and educational interventions. This study uses qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews with religious leaders, community leaders and teacher, as well as observation and documentation of religious, educational and social activities in Sanggau. The findings of this study indicate that small-scale conflicts over religious issues are common in the Sanggau. The conflict arose because of the multi-religious and multi-ethnic situation. Conflicts arose over the construction of places of worship, religious changes and interfaith marriages. However, these conflicts have been resolved through ethno-religious and educational approaches. Group identity is used to strengthen the bonds of fraternity, as expressed in the phrase  "kita menyadi’ (we are brothers)". A shared identity is built on the traces of origin, history and the values of local wisdom that are inherited. Local initiatives have also emerged to promote ingroup cooperation through religion and education, successfully cultivating the values of tolerance as the key to maintaining harmony. Religious approaches have given way to ethnic approaches, and education has been part of strengthening narratives of togetherness and peace. Joint religious activities, such as the celebration of religious holidays and inclusive education programmes involving students from different ethnic backgrounds, have proven effective in strengthening solidarity and mutual understanding.
Motor cortical neuromodulation in women with Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome: reducing pain by improving brain and muscle activity
Authors: Johnson Eileen V. , Bachmann DPT Molly , Yani Moheb S. , Garcia Giselle I. , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Kutch Jason J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic pain condition creating a wide range of urologic and pain symptoms. There is currently limited evidence to understand the mechanisms of IC/BPS. There have been recent studies suggesting that altered function in brain motor areas, particularly the supplementary motor cortex (SMA), relate to altered bladder sensorimotor control and may play an important role in IC/BPS. This study aims to provide evidence that non-invasive stimulation targeting the motor cortex may help reduce IC/BPS pain, as well as better understand the neural mechanism by which this stimulation targets neuromuscular dysfunction.
Methods and analyses:
This study is a two-group quadruple-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) of active vs. sham repetitive transmagnetic stimulation (rTMS). In addition, our study will also include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), pelvic floor electromyography (EMG), pelvic exam and outcome measures and questionnaires to further study outcomes.
Ethics and dissemination:
All aspects of the study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Southern California (protocol HS-20-01021). All participants provided informed consent by the research coordinator/assistants. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at scientific conferences.
Trials Registration:
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04734847 Registered on 2021-02-01.
Antiviral therapy improves postoperative survival in elderly HBV-related HCC patients: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinyu , Wu Qionglan , Zeng Jinhua , Liu Jingfeng , Zeng Jianxing
Published: July 2024

Purpose
We investigated the effects of postoperative adjuvant antiviral therapy (AVT) in elderly patients following curative treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
A total of 300 elderly patients (≥ 65 years) with HBV-related HCC were recruited, which comprised 123 non-AVT group and 177 AVT group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was developed to reduce any bias in patient selection. Independent risk factors were identified by Cox regression analysis.
Results
After PSM, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates in the AVT group and non-AVT group were 97.5%, 76.0%, 55.0%, and 83.5%, 60.1%, 40.9%, (p = 0.003), respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that postoperative adjuvant AVT was the independent protective factor associated with mortality (HR = 0.46, 95%CI = 0.31–0.68, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Among patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for elderly HBV-related HCC, postoperative adjuvant AVT can improve long-term survival and was the independent protective factor associated with survival.
The potential effects of the combination (Cytidine, Uridine and Zinc) on gut microbiota and clinical parameters of healthy rats
Authors: Othman Maram A. , Barakat Muna , Omar Amin , Athamneh Tamara , Zrieq Rafat , Al-Alwany Ruaa R. , Al-Najjar Mohammad AA
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims
As healthy gut flora contributes to mammalian health, the focus of this study is to investigate the effect of the combination of (Uridine, Cytidine, and Zinc) compared to individual supplements on the diversity of gut microbiota in healthy rats, and on other clinical parameters.
Methods
The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to study the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota. Liver enzymes were monitored by measuring serum level of (ALP and ALT), serum fasting blood glucose level, latency to fall, index of nociception and body weight were monitored. The previously mentioned analysis was done to study the effect of orally taken combination of (Uridine, Cytidine and Zinc) and the separate intake of these supplements on gut microbiota and other parameters in 35 healthy white Wistar rats for six weeks.
Results
The study findings showed that both the combination and the individual supplements enhanced the abundance of Clostridia and decreased Bacteroidia. Clostridia: Bacteroidia ratio increased from 1:2.5 to 1:1.2 by the last day of treatment in the combination group. Moreover, combination supplement reduced fasting blood glucose level (P < 0.0001), improved rats’ motor activity (P < 0.05), reduced nociception Index (P < 0.0001) and decreased the ALP liver enzyme level in healthy rats (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The studied combination supplement was found to be safe and no harmful change on gut microbiota was noticed. This was clear from the normal level of the tested clinical parameters such as fasting blood glucose level and motor activity.
Community Engagement and Local Collaboration: A Framework to Enhance Women’s Participation in a COVID-19 Vaccine Immunogenicity Study in Liberia
Authors: Wilson Barthalomew , Dennis Dehkontee , Nyuangar Garmai , Faley Patrick , Bongolee Ophelia , Sumbo Louvina , Smolskis Mary , Ridzon Renee
Published: July 2024

Background
Morbidity and mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred urgent COVID-19 vaccination efforts worldwide. In April 2021, Liberia launched its COVID-19 vaccination campaign, achieving 63% vaccination coverage in Montserrado County by July 2022. In August 2021, the Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia initiated the International Study on COVID-19 Vaccines to Assess Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Efficacy. This study was funded by the US National Institutes of Health and is an observational study to evaluate the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines over two years across multiple countries, including Liberia. However, health facility-based recruitment targeting vaccinated individuals revealed low enrollment of women in Liberia, underscoring the need to enhance women's participation in the study.
Methods
A mitigation plan was developed. Stakeholder mapping and advocacy meetings were conducted to garner community support and align the study with local health priorities. Media engagements were held to promote study recruitment. Mobile teams were deployed to local community centers to provide education, dispel rumors, and facilitate vaccination and study enrollment.
Results
Listening sessions identified barriers hindering women's vaccine acceptance and study enrollment, prompting the development of tailored strategies. Barriers to vaccinations included women's inability to access vaccination sites and rumors about vaccine effects on reproduction. Thirteen community meetings were held, resulting in an increase in the proportion of women in the study from 34% in September 2021 to 46% in April 2022.
Conclusions
Community-driven interventions facilitated vaccine uptake and increased participation in our study, emphasizing the significance of ongoing community engagement in clinical research.
Reliability and Asymmetry Associated with Different Plantar Flexion Assessments Using a Portable Fixed Dynamometer
Authors: Hagley Patrick , Ryan Chloe , Ye-Lee Dana , Cronin John
Published: July 2024

Background
Decreased plantar flexion strength has been linked to several lower limb injuries such as ankle sprains, Achilles tendon ruptures and calf muscle strains. Therefore, it would seem important to assess and monitor an individual’s plantar flexion strength.
Aims
The purpose of this study was to, 1) quantify the intra- and inter-session reliability of a portable fixed dynamometer (PFD) for measuring peak force (PF) and peak RFD (PRFD) during two dynamic plantar flexion assessments, and 2) determine the inter-limb and inter-protocol asymmetries for PF and PRFD.
Methods
Eleven participants completed both neutral and maximal dorsi-flexed movements over three testing sessions separated by seven days.
Results
Good to excellent relative consistency (intraclass correlation coefficients – ICC) and acceptable absolute intra- and inter-session reliability (coefficient of variation – CV) was observed for PF during both protocols (ICC = 0.90–0.99, CV = 1.6–5.3%). Poor to moderate intra- and inter-session reliability was observed for PRFD measures during both protocols (ICC = 0.48–0.96, CV = 5.7–27.0%). There were no differences between left and right legs except for PRFD for the neutral position (p < 0.05, ES = -0.82). There were significant differences between protocols, with the neutral position producing higher force outputs (p < 0.01, 6.44–66.22%, ES = 1.05–1.75).
Conclusions
It appears that PFD can be used to reliably measure PF during two dynamic plantar flexion protocols in a healthy male population, however the results from the different protocols cannot be used inter-changeably.
An Open Model of Cultural Dialogue in the Context of Safe Social Interaction
Authors: Huseyn G. Zeynalov Huseyn G. ,   Mordovia State Pedagogical University, Vinogradova Irina B. , Shulugina Galina A. , Abdullaev Alikram Z. , Eliseev Maxim A. ,   Mordovia State Pedagogical University,   Mordovia State Pedagogical University,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan,   Mordovia State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2024

Within the framework of the systemic crisis of sociocultural life of modern society, the problem of dialogue of cultures in the aspect of its safe implementation for interacting subjects has a particular significance. The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring systemic security of the interaction of cultures, the preservation of individual cultural elements and the survival of the entire system. The problem of the research is to discover the contradiction between the process of interaction of cultures and the need to ensure their general security and survival as an integrity in the conditions of maintaining the system of interaction and co-existence of cultures. The purpose of the article is to study models of dialogue between cultures in the history of European civilization and to identify the form that meets the challenges of our time in the conditions of the formation of a new world order. The research was based on the cultural-historical method and the method of theoretical modeling. The theoretical source of the research is primarily Russian philosophy of the second half of the twentieth century, in particular the philosophy of dialogue by M. M. Bakhtin, V. S. Bibler and others. In the course of analyzing the history of European civilization, the authors identified three models of dialogue between cultures in the context of ensuring the safe existence of society: 1. The ancient “separation” model; 2. Classical unification model of the New Age; 3. Modern open dialogue model. The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to form an open model of dialogue between cultures, which is proposed as a model for the safety of social interaction. It is characterized by fundamental openness, incompleteness of dialogue, as co-existence in borderline, limit states, at points of contact and interaction of dialogizing subjects. The prospects of the study are aimed at revising the basic characteristics and postulates of modern culture in order to determine the constitutive role of dialogue in the formation of a new (mixed) reality and the mechanism of its functioning.
The Influence of Buddhist Institutions on the Formation of the Civic Identity of the Population of the Trans-Baikal Territory
Authors: Liga Marina B. ,   Transbaikal State University, Shchetkina Irina A. , Zakharova Elena Yu. , Gomboeva Margarita I. ,   Transbaikal State University,   Transbaikal State University,   Transbaikal State University
Published: July 2024

Currently, issues related to the study of civic identity, the all-Russian civic identity are being updated. However, at the same time, civic identity and the all-Russian civic identity are insufficiently developed areas of scientific knowledge. Under civic identity, the authors consider the conscious attitude of a person to a certain community, which is formed in the process of his/her life activity in a certain historical, socio-cultural space. Civic identity is the basis for the formation of human behavior models as a subject of the historical process, in which civic consciousness becomes decisive. Identity is considered as a social phenomenon (ontological approach); as a value that determines the relationship between consciousness and objective reality and determines the actions of a person in a historical setting, giving her guidelines for action (axiological approach). The research uses such methods as conceptual synthesis, inductive generalization, construction, system-structural analysis and expert survey in the form of interviews. In order to identify the role of Buddhism in the formation of civic identity, we carried out the study determining that Buddhist religious institutions of the Trans-Baikal Territory have a direct impact on the formation of Russian identity. The results of the study confirmed that Buddhism acts as a moral guideline for citizens, because in this teaching the main principles and rules of morality are formulated, without these principles it is not possible for peoples to exist, organize their social and daily life. The article defines the importance of Buddhist institutions in the formation and support of civic identity, which comes from the content of Buddhism itself, its postulates and doctrines.
Sociocultural Design of the Sustainability of the Value Core of Buryat Culture Through the Implementation of Social Practices
Authors: Namzhilova Elena S. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of a study devoted to the peculiarities of sociocultural design of ethnocultural activities with the aim of preserving cultural heritage and updating traditional values in the Aginsky Buryat Okrug. Since the end of the twentieth century, processes of revival of ethnic culture have begun in the district, social practices have been developing, the initiators of which are informal social groups. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the value core of Buryat culture, actualized in these social practices. The study was conducted using methods of participant observation, content analysis of implemented social practices, as well as analysis of scientific literature on the topic of sociocultural design and Buryat cultural values. The social practices implemented in the Aginsky Buryat Okrug are considered. The study revealed that in the Aginsky Buryat Okrug, the subjects initiating innovative social practices aimed at updating and reviving the cultural core of the people are tribal communities and social peers. These practices, which arose among the people, are the basis for the creation and implementation of social projects of government bodies and institutions of the social sphere, culture and education. Thus, the principle of the “critical threshold of modification” observed, thanks to which the values that constitute the actual core of culture become the object of sociocultural design. Sociocultural design at the present stage actualizes the values of the native language, continuity of the family and clan community, love for the native land, strengthening friendly ties with fellow citizens and peers during the implementation of socially significant practices.
Scientific Heritage of Specialist in Mongolian Studies A. M. Pozdneyev on Buddhism Among Buryats in the XVIIIth – Early XXth centuries: From Spread to Integration into the Sociocultural Space of Russia
Authors: Polyanskaya Oksana N. ,   Institute of History, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The history of Buddhism spread among the Mongolic peoples, its influence on their worldview, daily life, and education level is one of the most important topics in the research of Russian Orientalists. Noting the comprehensive influence of religion, scientists tried to immerse themselves in both the philosophy and dogmatics of Buddhism, as well as to study its sociocultural role in the life of the Mongolic peoples. The research of domestic specialists in Mongolian studies based on written materials, official documents, observations, collected by them during expeditionary activities, was aimed at identifying the place of religion in the life of the Buryats, the role of the clergy in the spread of Buddhism and creation of Buddhist temples, understanding the processes of interaction between the Buddhist clergy and official authorities of Russia. The article studies the works by Aleksey Matveyevich Pozdneyev – a specialist in Mongolian Studies, who made a significant contribution to understanding many aspects of the history of Buddhism. We have analyzed some of the scientist’s publications and handwritten materials devoted to the issues related to the spread of Buddhism among the Buryats of Eastern Siberia, the establishment of Pandito Khambo Lama’s Institute in Russia, the importance of religion for preserving the territorial integrity of the state. Through the prism of A. M. Pozdneyev’s works, the fact of complex contradictory relations, shrouded in threads of mistrust, at the initial stage of interaction between the Buddhist clergy and the official power of the Russian state becomes obvious. However, these relations developed, and largely under the influence of external factors an emphasis was placed on the importance of common interests and mutually beneficial cooperation which led to the integration of Buddhism into the sociocultural world of Russia, making it an integral part of Russian history.
The Enumeration of the Names-Epithets of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the Buddhist Sources
Authors: Shomakhmadov Safarali Kh. ,   Institute of Oriental Manuscripts, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The article provides the analysis and typology of the enumerations of the names-epithets of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas recorded in Buddhist texts that were spread throughout the Buddhist area. Despite the fact that texts united under the common title ‘Buddha’s Names’ were very popular among Buddhists during Ancient and early Medieval time (the article contains titles’ list of relevant texts in Sanskrit, Tibetan and Chinese languages) the author points out weak study of these texts in the modern Buddhology. Moreover, there are also similar texts praising various gods (Viṣṇu, Śiva, etc.) in Indian orthodox tradition. The study of such written sources is very urgent since the lists of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas names, in addition to the functions of the spells protected from various adversities, can represent a kind of matrix lists encoding various aspects of the Buddhist doctrine. Moreover, some initial typologies are already present in Buddhist written sources. To solve the problems posed in the article, historical-genetic, historical-typological and systemic approaches were used. Based on the lists of Bodhisattvas names containing in the Prajñāpāramitā (‘The Perfect Wisdom’) texts, the author makes the assumption that these names mark the stages of the Buddhist yoga practice – levels of the Eightfold Noble Path. The analysis of Bodhisattvas names semantics allowed us to develop three typologies of the names-epithets: 1) stages of the religious practice; 2) spheres of the Buddhist cosmology; 3) aspects of the Noble Path (wisdom, morality, yogic practice). In conclusion, we state that all analyzed names are epithets of the four main Bodhisattvas, whose cult was widespread throughout Buddhist world – Avalokiteśvara, Mañjuśrī, Vajrapāṇi (Mahāsthāmaprāpta) and Maitreya. In their turn, they also mark various aspects of yogic practice.