bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biopsychosocial barriers affecting recovery after a minor transport‐related injury: A qualitative study from Victoria
Authors: Samoborec Stella , Ayton Darshini , Ruseckaite Rasa , Evans Susan M
Published: June 2019

Objective

The aim of the study was to understand the recovery phenomena and to explore participants' perspectives on the biopsychosocial facilitators and barriers affecting their recovery after a minor transport injury.

Methods

A qualitative method was used involving semi‐structured interviews with 23 participants who sustained a minor transport injury. Interviews and analysis were guided by the biopsychosocial model (BPS) of health. The outcomes were themes capturing biopsychosocial barriers to, and personal experiences of, recovery using a previously defined framework.

Results

The themes indicate that recovery is a multifaceted phenomenon affected by comorbidities such as chronic pain, depression and anxiety. A range of subsequent complexities such as the inability to self‐care and undertaking daily domestic duties, and incapacity to participate in recreational activities were major barriers to recovery. These barriers were found to be an on‐going source of frustration, dissatisfaction and a perceived cause of depressive symptomatology in many participants. Most participants reported mixed feelings of the care received. Other common issues raised included a lack of understanding of the assessment time, regular follow‐up, guidance and on‐going support.

Conclusion

This study revealed that recovery after a minor transport‐related injury was a challenging, complex, demanding and a long‐term process for the individuals in this study. Findings from this limited cohort suggested that, for participants to return to their pre‐accident health status, a more coordinated approach to information and care delivery may be required.
Hospitalised exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: adherence to guideline recommendations in an Australian teaching hospital
Authors: Sha Joy , Worsnop Christopher J. , Leaver Benjamin A. , Vagias Christopher , Kinsella Paul , Rahman Muhammad A. , McDonald Christine F.
Published: June 2019

Background

Optimal management of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reduces patient morbidity and healthcare system burden. COPD guidelines, including the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and the COPD‐X Plan, provide evidence‐based recommendations, but adherence in hospital practice is variable.

Aims

To examine current practice in management of COPD exacerbations at an Australian teaching hospital and to compare with COPD‐X Plan recommendations.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records for admissions occurring during 1 May to 31 August 2016, and compared with recommendations from the COPD‐X Plan.

Results

A total of 134 patients (n = 68 females) was admitted for a COPD exacerbation during the study period. Mean age was 75.4 ± 10.2 years and 33.6% were current smokers. Airflow obstruction on spirometry was confirmed in 67.2% (mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 53 ± 22% predicted (1.2 ± 0.5 L)). Excellent adherence to the COPD‐X Plan was demonstrated in the ordering of chest radiographs (97%) and electrocardiograms (94%). Supplemental oxygen was appropriately provided to all patients with oxygen saturation of <88%. All patients with confirmed hypercapnic respiratory failure were managed with non‐invasive ventilation. Corticosteroids and bronchodilators were prescribed for the majority of patients. Areas of suboptimal practice included inadequate usage of arterial blood gases, excess supplemental oxygen in the absence of hypoxaemia, over‐prescription of intravenous antimicrobials, low referral rates to pulmonary rehabilitation and insufficient smoking cessation counselling.

Conclusions

Level of adherence to guideline recommendations in the management of COPD exacerbations is inadequate and further strategies are required to elevate standards of practice.
Constrained two‐dimensional guillotine cutting problem: upper‐bound review and categorization
Authors: Russo Mauro , Boccia Maurizio , Sforza Antonio , Sterle Claudio
Published: June 2019

In the two‐dimensional (2D) cutting (2DC) problem, a large rectangular sheet has to be dissected into smaller rectangular pieces with the aim of maximizing the total profit associated with the extracted pieces. When the number of copies of each piece to be extracted is bounded, it is referred to as constrained 2DC (C2DC) problem. The C2DC has been widely studied by the operations research community for its applications and theoretical issues. In this work, we recall the best exact and heuristic solving approaches for the C2DC and we provide a review and a categorization of the available upper bounds. We also discuss improvements and combinations of these upper bounds and give directions for their effective exploitation. Finally, we demonstrate the loss of accuracy of several exact methods present in literature because of the effect of the used antiredundancy strategies on the implemented bounding criteria. This work, based on more than 90 contributions, has a twofold target. For researchers working in C2DC, it provides a useful insight on the topic. For expert practitioners, it represents a systematic collection of the main findings and achievements, posing also the basis for future research.
Competition model and coordination mechanism considering strategic customer behavior under vendor‐managed inventory
Authors: Cai Jianhu , Zhou Qian , Sun Jianyue , Hu Xiaoqing , Feng Cuiying , Li Xuejiao
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes the vendor‐managed inventory (VMI) decision model that considers strategic customer behavior. Decision differences between the Stackelberg game equilibria and the supply chain (SC) coordination are compared under the VMI mode. A comparison of the optimal decisions under the VMI mode and the retailer‐managed inventory (RMI) mode is made. The SC members’ preferences for the two inventory modes are obtained under different wholesale price conditions. Then, the option contract is introduced to coordinate the SC, and possible allocation schemes of the coordinated expected profit between the SC members are discussed. Through a reasonable design of the option contract, a Pareto improvement can be achieved with the SC being coordinated. All of our findings are illustrated using numerical examples.
Examining Differential Rater Functioning Using a Between‐Subgroup Outfit Approach
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S.
Published: June 2019

When practitioners use modern measurement models to evaluate rating quality, they commonly examine rater fit statistics that summarize how well each rater's ratings fit the expectations of the measurement model. Essentially, this approach involves examining the unexpected ratings that each misfitting rater assigned (i.e., carrying out analyses of standardized residuals). One can create plots of the standardized residuals, isolating those that resulted from raters’ ratings of particular subgroups. Practitioners can then examine the plots to identify raters who did not maintain a uniform level of severity when they assessed various subgroups (i.e., exhibited evidence of differential rater functioning). In this study, we analyzed simulated and real data to explore the utility of this between‐subgroup fit approach. We used standardized between‐subgroup outfit statistics to identify misfitting raters and the corresponding plots of their standardized residuals to determine whether there were any identifiable patterns in each rater's misfitting ratings related to subgroups.
Scale Alignment in Between‐Item Multidimensional Rasch Models
Authors: Feuerstahler Leah , Wilson Mark
Published: June 2019

Scores estimated from multidimensional item response theory (IRT) models are not necessarily comparable across dimensions. In this article, the concept of aligned dimensions is formalized in the context of Rasch models, and two methods are described—delta dimensional alignment (DDA) and logistic regression alignment (LRA)—to transform estimated item parameters so that dimensions are aligned. Both the DDA and LRA methods are applied to real and simulated data, and it is demonstrated that both methods are broadly effective for achieving aligned scales. The routine use of scale alignment methods is recommended prior to comparing scores across dimensions.
Nasal dorsum augmentation using soft tissue filler injection
Authors: Lee Won , Kim Ji‐Soo , Oh Wook , Koh Ik‐Soo , Yang Eun‐Jung
Published: June 2019

Background

Soft tissue filler injection is a common procedure for augmentation rhinoplasty. Various techniques for augmenting the nasal dorsum using a soft tissue filler have been attempted considering the size of the needle, the anatomical layer where the filler is injected, and the vascular distribution. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the course of the dorsal nasal artery in patients scheduled for nasal augmentation using a soft tissue filler and to propose a method of nasal augmentation that minimizes vessel damage during soft tissue filler injection by confirming the distribution pattern of blood vessels through ultrasound.

Methods

Patients underwent augmentation rhinoplasty using a soft tissue filler. All patients underwent ultrasound examination before the filler injections.

Results

From July to September 2018, ultrasound studies were conducted before augmentation rhinoplasty in 50 consecutive patients. Forty patients (80%) had a well‐known lateral arterial pathway, while in 10 patients (20%), the dorsal nasal artery was found at the midline of the nose. In four cases (8%), the artery travelled just beneath the preperiosteal layer, which is under the nasalis muscle. Additionally, in seven cases (14%), the dorsal nasal artery coursed superficially, just beneath the subdermal layer.

Conclusion

Injecting the filler into the preperiosteal layer either via a needle or cannula is considered relatively safe but there remains the possibility of vascular compromise. Using a large diameter cannula and injecting the filler into the preperiosteal layer using a gentle approach may be the safest approach.
Online privacy in job recruitment processes? Boundary work among cybervetting recruiters
Authors: Backman Christel , Hedenus Anna
Published: June 2019

This article addresses various ways that cybervetting recruiters (re)construct boundaries around the public–private division. Based on interviews with 37 recruiters in Sweden, we show how the practice of cybervetting is legitimised by the recruiters’ descriptions and accounts in relation to various notions of privacy and norms of information flow. We present this as a boundary work aided by especially two ways of framing information: the repertoire about accessible information and the repertoire of relevant information. These repertoires help define what information can be conceived of as public or private, and as legitimate versus unethical to search for and to use. Privacy is framed by employers as a responsibility, rather than a right, for social network site users. The findings also underline similarities and differences in jobseekers’ and employers’ norms of information flow, not least considering the right to online privacy.
Indian English in theory and action
Authors: Mesthrie Rajend
Published: June 2019

This tribute to the work of Braj B. Kachru covers three themes. First, I present an overview of Kachru's career and contribution to the field of world Englishes (WE) and language contact. In the second and main section I present an overview of Indian English – Language and culture, a booklet in the Lonely Planet language products series from 1968 (Lonely Planet, 2008). I argue that this popular piece of work is a fitting – if unwitting – tribute to Kachru's work in bringing to life the features of Indian English and related varieties for practical (and even commercial), rather than academic purposes. In the final section I reflect briefly on newer models in WE studies in relation to Kachru's oeuvre.
Unilateral Manipulability Quality Indices: Generalized Manipulability Measures for Unilaterally Actuated Robots
Authors: Eden Jonathan , Lau Darwin , Tan Ying , Oetomo Denny
Published: June 2019

The study of the relationship between the desired system dynamics and the actuation wrench producing those dynamics is important for robotic system analysis. For traditionally actuated robots, the quality indices of dexterity and manipulability quantify this relationship. However, for unilaterally actuated robots (UARs), such as grasping hands and cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs), these indices cannot be applied due to the unilateral actuation constraint. In this paper, the quality indices of unilateral dexterity (UD) and unilateral maximum force amplification (UMFA) are established for UARs with arbitrary number of actuators. It is shown that these quality indices provide task-independent quantifications of the physical properties of robustness and force amplification for UARs, and they can measure the mechanism’s capability both in singular and nonsingular poses. With these indices, manipulability ellipsoid-derived measures can be applied to arbitrary UARs. The significance of the quality indices for robot synthesis and motion generation analysis is illustrated through two case studies: a five-fingered grasp selection problem and the workspace analysis of a spatial CDPR.
Singularity Analysis on a Special Class of Cable-Suspended Parallel Mechanisms With Pairwise Cable Arrangement and Actuation Redundancy
Authors: Tang Lewei , Shi Pengshuai , Wu Li , Wu Xiaoyu , Tang Xiaoqiang
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a singularity study on a special class of spatial cable-suspended parallel mechanisms (CSPMs) with merely three translational degrees of freedom using redundant actuators. This paper focuses on the CSPMs that have the capability to perform the purely translational movement with pairwise cables as parallelograms. There are two types of singularity to be discussed, which result from dynamic equations of CSPMs and the parallelogram constraint of pairwise cables. To ensure three-translational dofs without rotation of the end-effector, the matrix formed by normals of the planes based on each pairwise cables should maintain in full rank. In the case study, four typical designs of CSPMs with a planar end-effector and a spatial end-effector are discussed to clarify and conclude the singularity features of CSPMs with actuation redundancy. The results show that for some architectures there exist both types of singularity for redundantly actuated CSPMs with pairwise cables but for some other architectures the redundant actuation exerts no effect on the singularity issue.
Investigation on the Performance of a Ducted Propeller in Oblique Flow
Authors: Zhang Qin , Jaiman Rajeev K. , Ma Peifeng , Liu Jing
Published: June 2019

In this study, the ducted propeller has been numerically investigated under oblique flow, which is crucial and challenging for the design and safe operation of the thruster driven vessel and dynamic positioning (DP) system. A Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model has been first evaluated in the quasi-steady investigation on a single ducted propeller operating in open water condition, and then a hybrid RANS/LES model is adapted for the transient sliding mesh computations. A representative test geometry considered here is a marine model thruster, which is discretized with structured hexahedral cells, and the gap between the blade tip and nozzle is carefully meshed to capture the flow dynamics. The computational results are assessed by a systematic grid convergence study and compared with the available experimental data. As a part of the novel contribution, multiple incidence angles from 15 deg to 60 deg have been analyzed with different advance coefficients. The main emphasis has been placed on the hydrodynamic loads that act on the propeller blades and nozzle as well as their variation with different configurations. The results reveal that while the nozzle absorbs much effort from the oblique flow, the imbalance between blades at different positions is still noticeable. Such unbalance flow dynamics on the blades, and the nozzle has a direct implication on the variation of thrust and torque of a marine thruster.
Hidden in Plane Sight: The Extraordinary Vision of Ernest Irving Freese
Authors: Frederickson Greg N.
Published: June 2019

We assess selected geometric dissections associated with, or inspired by, Ernest Irving Freese’s 1957 manuscript and identify noteworthy features that lay beneath their surface. These include a dissection of a regular dodecagon to a regular hexagon, a hingeable dissection of a Greek Cross to an equilateral triangle, a hingeable dissection of an equilateral triangle to a regular hexagon, a hingeable dissection of ten regular pentagons to a decagonal ring, a translational dissection of two regular decagons to one, a translational dissection of a dodecagram and a co-dodecagram to a regular dodecagon, a translational dissection of ten regular pentagons to two 5-pointed pseudo-stars and a regular decagon, a translational dissection of ten regular heptagons to four 7-pointed pseudo-stars and a regular 14-gon, a translational dissection of three regular octagons to a larger octagon, a hingeable dissection of regular pentagons for (sin π/5)2 + (cos π/5)2 = 1, a translational dissection of squares of areas 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 to a large square, and a translational dissection of squares for 82 + 92 + 122 = 172. Unsubstantiated claims by Freese are also evaluated.
Metabolic Demands of Yoga at Varying Tempos and Compared With Walking
Authors: Pryor J. Luke , Christensen Brittany , Jackson Catherine G. R. , Moore-Reed Stephanie
Published: June 2019

Background: Yoga is a popular alternative to walking, but the tempo at which asanas must be performed to elicit comparable metabolic and cardiorespiratory demands is unknown. Therefore, the authors aim to compare the metabolic demands of moderate-intensity walking to Surya Namaskar yoga performed at varying tempos. Methods: Inactive obese adults with limited prior yoga experience (n = 10) completed 10 minutes of treadmill walking at a self-selected pace (rating of perceived exertion = 12–13) and three, 10-minute bouts of yoga at a low (6 s/pose; LSUN), medium (4 s/pose; MSUN), and high (3 s/pose; HSUN) tempo with 10-minutes rest between exercise bouts. Results: Mean metabolic equivalents observed in MSUN (3.64 [0.607]), HSUN (4.22 [0.459]), and treadmill (5.29 [1.147]) were greater than 3.0 (P ≤ .01), but not LSUN (3.28 [0.529], P = .13). Treadmill elicited greater caloric and kilocaloric expenditure (1.36 [0.23] L·min−1; 64 [11] kcal) than LSUN (0.87 [0.24] L·min−1; 39 [11] kcal) and MSUN (1.00 [0.29] L·min−1; 45 [13] kcal) (P ≤ .01). Absolute between yoga tempos were not different, but relative was higher in HSUN (14.89 [1.74] mL·min−1·kg) versus LSUN (11.39 [1.83] mL·min−1·kg) (P = .02). Conclusions: Yoga can meet (LSUN) or exceed (MSUN and HSUN) moderate-intensity exercise recommendations. For unfit or obese populations, varying tempos of yoga practice may serve as a lower-impact option for beginning an exercise program.
Erwinia amylovora Auxotrophic Mutant Exometabolomics and Virulence on Apples
Authors: Klee Sara M. , Sinn Judith P. , Finley Melissa , Allman Erik L. , Smith Philip B. , Aimufua Osaretin , Sitther Viji , Lehman Brian L. , Krawczyk Teresa , Peter Kari A. , McNellis Timothy W.
Published: June 2019

This study has revealed the availability of a range of host metabolites to
E. amylovora
cells growing in apple tissues and has examined whether these metabolites are available in sufficient quantities to render bacterial
de novo
synthesis of these metabolites partially or even completely dispensable for disease development. The metabolomics analysis revealed that auxotrophic
E. amylovora
mutants have substantial impact on their environment in culture, including those that fail to grow appreciably. The reduced growth of virulent
E. amylovora
on flowers treated with an arginine auxotroph is consistent with the mutant competing for limiting resources in the flower environment. This information could be useful for novel fire blight management tool development, including the application of nonpathogenic
E. amylovora
auxotrophs to host flowers as an environmentally friendly biocontrol method. Fire blight management options are currently limited mainly to antibiotic sprays onto open blossoms and pruning of infected branches, so novel management options would be attractive to growers.
Distinct Roles of Chromosome- versus Plasmid-Encoded Genital Tract Virulence Factors in Promoting Chlamydia muridarum Colonization in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Koprivsek John J. , Zhang Tianyuan , Tian Qi , He Ying , Xu Hong , Xu Zhenming , Zhong Guangming
Published: June 2019

The genital pathogen
Chlamydia
is known to colonize the gastrointestinal tract. Orally delivered
Chlamydia muridarum
can reach the colon and maintain a long-lasting colonization there. However,
C. muridarum
with mutations in chromosomal genes
tc0237
and
tc0668
(designated a chromosomal mutant) or deficient in plasmid-encoded pGP3 (designated a plasmid mutant) is unable to do so.
Benefits and Costs of Animal Virulence for Microbes
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Pirofski Liise-anne
Published: June 2019

This essay is written from the vantage point of the microbial world. While the focus of much thought in the microbial pathogenesis and infectious diseases fields has been on the impact of host-microbe interaction on the host, here we ask questions about what happens to the microbe.
Profile of trauma mortality and trauma care resources at rural emergency departments and urban trauma centres in Quebec: a population-based, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fleet Richard , Lauzier François , Tounkara Fatoumata Korinka , Turcotte Stéphane , Poitras Julien , Morris Judy , Ouimet Mathieu , Fortin Jean-Paul , Plant Jeff , Légaré France , Dupuis Gilles , Turgeon-Pelchat Catherine
Published: June 2019

Objectives

As Canada’s second largest province, the geography of Quebec poses unique challenges for trauma management. Our primary objective was to compare mortality rates between trauma patients treated at rural emergency departments (EDs) and urban trauma centres in Quebec. As a secondary objective, we compared the availability of trauma care resources and services between these two settings.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

26 rural EDs and 33 level 1 and 2 urban trauma centres in Quebec, Canada.

Participants

79 957 trauma cases collected from Quebec’s trauma registry.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Our primary outcome measure was mortality (prehospital, ED, in-hospital). Secondary outcome measures were the availability of trauma-related services and staff specialties at rural and urban facilities. Multivariable generalised linear mixed models were used to determine the relationship between the primary facility and mortality.

Results

Overall, 7215 (9.0%) trauma patients were treated in a rural ED and 72 742 (91.0%) received treatment at an urban centre. Mortality rates were higher in rural EDs compared with urban trauma centres (13.3% vs 7.9%, p<0.001). After controlling for available potential confounders, the odds of prehospital or ED mortality were over three times greater for patients treated in a rural ED (OR 3.44, 95% CI 1.88 to 6.28). Trauma care setting (rural vs urban) was not associated with in-hospital mortality. Nearly all of the specialised services evaluated were more present at urban trauma centres.

Conclusions

Trauma patients treated in rural EDs had a higher mortality rate and were more likely to die prehospital or in the ED compared with patients treated at an urban trauma centre. Our results were limited by a lack of accurate prehospital times in the trauma registry.
Optimizing foods for special dietary use in Canada: key outcomes and recommendations from a tripartite workshop
Authors: Wiggins Ashleigh K.A. , Grantham Andrea , Anderson G. Harvey
Published: June 2019

Many health conditions result in unique nutritional requirements (e.g., protein restriction, low energy, fortification) and the need to consume foods in nontraditional formats (e.g., liquid diets, supplements, tube feeding). In Canada, 45% of hospital patients are malnourished upon admission, resulting in prolonged hospital stays, increased health care costs, and higher mortality rates. Fortunately, advances in nutrition and food science enabled the development of products that provide nutritional support for individuals in hospital and at home. In Canada, these products are defined as Foods for Special Dietary Use (FSDUs). Canada’s regulation of FSDUs (Division 24 of the Food and Drug Regulations) is particularly stringent and outdated, which results in products that do not meet current nutritional recommendations or allow application of current technologies, and lack harmonization with other countries. Many of these issues also apply to the Infant Food regulations in Canada. To provide vulnerable populations with optimal nutrition, experts have suggested modernization of Canadian FSDU regulations. A multi-stakeholder workshop established several recommendations and goals toward that end while ensuring the safety of consumers. These include (i) assessing other jurisdictions’ regulations; (ii) tracking products currently on the market; (iii) temporary marketing authorizations to permit products on the market and collect data; (iv) use of incorporation by reference for compositional requirements; (v) support for research of FSDU and nutritional needs of special population; and (vi) better understanding accessibility to these products. Overall, the proposed vision is for a modern, safe, flexible, innovative, and health-driven regulatory framework for FSDU in Canada.
Homoclinic Orbits of a Buckled Beam Subjected to Transverse Uniform Harmonic Excitation
Authors: Zhang D. M. , Jin Y. L. , Li F.
Published: June 2019

Homoclinic orbits of a buckled beam subjected to transverse uniform harmonic excitation are investigated in the case of 1:1 internal resonance. The geometric singular perturbation method and Melnikov method are employed to show the existence of the one-bump and multi-bump homoclinic orbits that connect the equilibria in a resonance band of the slow manifold. Each bump is a fast excursion away from the resonance band, and the bumps are interspersed with slow segments near the resonance band. The results obtained imply the existence of the amplitude modulated chaos for the Smale horseshoe sense in the class of buckled beam systems.
Complex-Periodic Spiral Waves Induced by Linearly Polarized Electric Field in the Excitable Medium
Authors: Luo Jinming , Zhang Xingyong , Tang Jun
Published: June 2019

Complex-periodic spiral waves are investigated extensively in the oscillatory medium. In this paper, the linearly polarized electric field (LPEF) is employed to induce complex-periodic spiral waves in the excitable medium with abnormal dispersion. As the amplitude of LPEF is increased beyond a threshold, the simple-periodic spiral wave converts into an irregularly complex-periodic one, in which, the local dynamics exhibit several regular spikes followed by one missed spiking period. Furthermore, with the increase of the LPEF amplitude, the missed spiking period follows different numbers of regular spikes [so-called period-1 (P-1), period-2 (P-2), etc.], even a mix of different periods. Meanwhile, the wavelength of the spiral wave transits from a short to a longer one. The pure-periodic (from P-6 to P-2) spirals generally contain defect lines, across which the phase of local oscillation changes by [Formula: see text]. In contrast, there is no defect line in the mixed-periodic spiral waves. This finding indicates that the defect line is not a necessary feature for complex-periodic spiral waves. Moreover, three types of tip trajectories of pure-periodic spiral waves are identified depending on the periods. That is, the outward-petal meandering, the outward-petal meandering with slow modulation, and drifting tip motion, and the tip trajectories could be used to distinguish them from the complex-oscillatory spiral waves.
Funnelling
Authors: Esuli Andrea , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio
Published: June 2019

Cross-lingual Text Classification
(CLC) consists of automatically classifying, according to a common set
C
of classes, documents each written in one of a set of languages
L
, and doing so more accurately than when “naïvely” classifying each document via its corresponding language-specific classifier. To obtain an increase in the classification accuracy for a given language, the system thus needs to also leverage the training examples written in the other languages. We tackle “multilabel” CLC via
funnelling
, a new ensemble learning method that we propose here. Funnelling consists of generating a two-tier classification system where all documents, irrespective of language, are classified by the same (second-tier) classifier. For this classifier, all documents are represented in a common, language-independent feature space consisting of the posterior probabilities generated by first-tier, language-dependent classifiers. This allows the classification of all test documents, of any language, to benefit from the information present in all training documents, of any language. We present substantial experiments, run on publicly available multilingual text collections, in which funnelling is shown to significantly outperform a number of state-of-the-art baselines. All code and datasets (in vector form) are made publicly available.
Antioxidant Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Murtilla (Ugni molinaeTurcz.) Extract and Its Effect on the Regulation of Metabolism in Refrigerated Boar Sperm
Authors: Jofré Ignacio , Cuevas Magdalena , de Castro Leticia Signori , de Agostini Losano João Diego , Torres Mariana Andrade , Alvear Marysol , Scheuermann Erick , Andrade André Furugen Cesar , Nichi Marcilio , Assumpção Mayra Elena Ortiz , Romero Fernando
Published: June 2019

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in boar spermatozoa increases in refrigeration; this can have an impact on sperm quality and fertilization capacity. We evaluated the effect of polyphenol-rich aqueous extract of murtilla (Ugni molinaeTurcz) on boar sperm stored at 17°C in order to reduce oxidative stress and improve sperm quality in the long term. Five experiments were performed: first, characterization of the polyphenol content from five genotypes of murtilla; second, determination of the genotype with the best antioxidant effect (MT-Ex); third, the antioxidant capacity on O2-and lipid peroxidation; fourth, the influence of MT-Ex on motility, calcium movement, cAMP, and metabolic parameters; and fifth, analysis of long-term refrigeration. The average phenolic content was 344 ppm; gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol were detected. All extracts evaluated presented a concentration-dependent antioxidant effect. MT-Ex reduces intracellular O2-/peroxides but low lipid peroxidation. MT-Ex in nonstimulated ROS conditions reduces sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane potential, cAMP, and ATP, but the succinate dehydrogenase activity remained normal; also, we observed a reduction in calcium movement inin vitrosperm capacitation. The long-term analyses showed that MT-Ex improved sperm motility decay and reduced membrane damage and ROS at 168 h. Based on this study, we propose MT-Ex as a supplement in semen extenders.
A Pilot Study to Assess At-Home Speed of Processing Training for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Barker Lindsay , Healy Brian C. , Chan Emily , Leclaire Kaitlynne , Glanz Bonnie I.
Published: June 2019

Objective. Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet treatment is currently limited. The primary goal of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an at-home, five-week computerized speed of processing (SOP) training intervention for MS patients. In addition, we examined the utility of the intervention to improve speed of information processing, memory, executive function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Method. Fifteen subjects were assigned five weeks of SOP training, two times per week, for a total of ten sessions. Subjects were trained on five computerized SOP tasks that required processing of increasingly complex visual stimuli in successively shorter presentation times. Subjects were given a neuropsychological test battery that included measures of speed of information processing, verbal memory, visual spatial memory, and executive function. Subjects were also administered patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to assess HRQOL, depression, and work productivity. Neuropsychological and PRO batteries were completed at baseline and after five weeks. Results. Eighty percent of subjects completed the five-week intervention (n = 12). Significant improvements were observed on some, but not all, measures of speed of information processing, verbal memory, and executive function. There were no significant changes in HRQOL. Conclusion. This pilot study supports the feasibility of an at-home SOP training intervention for individuals with MS. SOP training was associated with improvements in several cognitive domains. Larger, randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Autophagy following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Turkieh Annie , Charrier Henri , Dubois-Deruy Emilie , Porouchani Sina , Bouvet Marion , Pinet Florence
Published: June 2019

Macroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of the lysosome-dependent degradation of damaged proteins and organelles and plays an important role in cellular homeostasis. Macroautophagy is upregulated after myocardial infarction (MI) and seems to be detrimental during reperfusion and protective during left ventricle remodeling. Identifying new regulators of cardiac autophagy may help to maintain the activity of this process and protect the heart from MI effects. Recently, it was shown that noncoding RNAs (microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) are involved in autophagy regulation in different cell types including cardiac cells. In this review, we summarized the role of macroautophagy in the heart following MI and we focused on the noncoding RNAs and their targeted genes reported to regulate autophagy in the heart under these pathological conditions.
A Scoping Review of Obesity among Indigenous Peoples in Canada
Authors: Batal Malek , Decelles Stéphane
Published: June 2019

Indigenous populations in Canada are heavily affected by the burden of obesity, and certain communities, such as First Nations on reserve, are not included in the sampling framework of large national health surveys. A scoping review of ever published original research reporting obesity rates (body mass index ≥ 30), among adult Indigenous peoples in Canada, was conducted to identify studies that help close the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data gap for obesity prevalence in Indigenous populations in Canada and to make comparisons based on ethnicity, sex, time, and geography. First Nations on reserve with self-reported height and weight had higher rates of obesity (30%–51%) than First Nations off reserve (21%–42%) and non-Indigenous populations (12%–31%) in their respective province or territory, with the exception of Alberta, where rates in First Nations on reserve (30% and 36%) were lower or similar to those reported in First Nations off reserve (38%). First Nations on reserve with predominantly measured height and weight (42%–66%) had higher rates of obesity compared to Inuit in Quebec (28%), Nunavut (33%), and Newfoundland and Labrador (41%), while the rates were similar to those in Inuit in Northwest Territories (49%). Obesity in these large studies conducted among Inuit was based solely on measured height and weight. Studies in First Nations and Inuit alike showed higher prevalence of obesity in women, as well as an increase with time. No recent studies measured the obesity rates for First Nations in Yukon and Northwest Territories and for Métis living in settlements of Northern Alberta. Researchers are encouraged to conduct total diet studies in these regions, and to use existing data to analyze the associations between obesity, road access, latitude, food environment, and traditional food intake, to further inform community planning and development.
New Exact Solutions of Nonlinear (3 + 1)-Dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation
Authors: Ali Mohamed R. , Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: June 2019

Based on Hirota’s bilinear structure, we evolute a new protuberance type arrangement of the (3+1)-dimensional Boiti-Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation, which depicts nonlinear wave spreads in incompressible fluid. New lump arrangement is built by applying the bilinear strategy and picking appropriate polynomial. Under various parameter settings, this lump arrangement has three sorts of numerous irregularity waves, blended arrangements including lump waves and solitons are additionally developed. Association practices are seen between lump soliton and soliton. Research demonstrates that soliton can somewhat swallow or release lump waves. The shape and highlights for these subsequent arrangements are portrayed by exploiting the three-dimensional plots and comparing shape plots by picking suitable parameters. The physical significance of these charts is given.
Back to the Future: Rethinking and Retooling IL2 in the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Era
Authors: Sullivan Ryan J.
Published: June 2019

IL2 is a type I cytokine that is associated, when given at high doses intravenously, with durable regressionin a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma, yet high toxicity limits its use. NKTR-214 is a novel pegylated IL2 with minor clinical activity as a single agent, but a favorable toxicity profile and compelling pharmacodynamic effects that predict utility in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition.

See related article by Bentebibel et al., p. 711.
A Research Survey on Scheduling Techniques in lte-based Network and its State of Art
Authors: R K Srinivasa , Kumar A.R Hemantha
Published: June 2019

The growing interest over the mobile based communication has attracted the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technique which facilitates higher data transmission rates to its dynamic users. The LTE-based network involves with scheduling which governs the better communication at different traffic (large, small, medium) condition. The LTE caters up network demands and encounters some potential and unreported problems in presence of large traffic with uncertainty of its associated load. Thus, scheduling becomes most essential is must. This manuscript reviews the recent existing researches with their contribution along with significances and limitations. The paper also contributes in identify the state of art in research issues to identify the research gap towards scheduling techniques in LTE
Image Inpaint Using Patch Sparsity
Authors: Suryawanshi Shital D. , Baviskar P. V.
Published: June 2019

The process of removing the specific object or area or repairing the damaged area in an image is known as image inpainting. This algorithm [5] is proposed for removing objects from digital image. The challenge is to fill in the hole that is left behind in a visually plausible way. We first note that patch sparsity based synthesis contains the essential process required to replicate both texture and structure [8]; the success of structure propagation however is highly dependent on the order in which the filling proceeds. We propose a best algorithm in which the confidence in the synthesized pixel values is propagated in a manner similar to the propagation of information in inpainting.The actual color values are computed using patch sparsity based synthesis. In this paper the simultaneous propagation of texture and structure information [2] is achieved by a single, efficient algorithm. For best results selected image should have sufficient background information.
Mathematical Document Retrieval System based on Signature Hashing
Authors: Dhar Sourish , Roy Sudipta
Published: June 2019

Scientific documents and magazines involve large number of mathematical expressions and formulas along with text. The continuous growth of such documents necessitates the requirement of developing specialized tools and techniques, which could handle and analyse mathematical expressions and formulas. Mathematical expressions and formulae are highly structured and quite different from traditional text. Due to which conventional text retrieval system performs poorly in retrieving scientific documents based on mathematical expression formulated as a query. Mathematical information retrieval is concerned with finding information in documents that include mathematics. To address the challenges posed by mathematical formulae as compared to text, this paper aims to construct a math aware search engine, which can retrieve relevant scientific documents based on a mathematical query. A novel signature based hashing scheme to index raw mathematical web documents is proposed in this paper, which can also take mathematical notational equivalences into account. The proposed system demonstrates better precision and stability of the ranked results when compared with other related state-of-the-art math aware search engines.
The survey of load balancing in cloud computing environment
Authors: Singh Ankita
Published: June 2019

Day by Day increasing traffic on internet introduces the need of load balancing conception to induce the most utilization of the resources available on Cloud. The load balancing becomes a vital purpose for performance and stability of the system. Therefore, it's required AN algorithmic rule for enhancing the system performance by balancing work among VMs. Methods: Task scheduling algorithms are used to achieve the load balancing and QoS. Cloud computing is a completely internet-based approach wherever all the applications and files are hosted on a cloud that consists of thousands of computers interlinked along during a complicated manner. A load balancing algorithmic rule tries to enhance the response time of user’s submitted applications by ensuring maximal utilization of accessible resources. The most objective of load balancing ways is to speed up the execution of applications on resources whose work varies at run time in unpredictable method.
Sexual Dimorphisms of Preeclampsia-Dysregulated Transcriptomic Profiles and Cell Function in Fetal Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zhou Chi , Yan Qin , Zou Qing-Yun , Zhong Xin-Qi , Tyler Chanel T. , Magness Ronald R. , Bird Ian M. , Zheng Jing
Published: June 2019

Preeclampsia impairs fetoplacental vascular function and increases risks of adult-onset cardiovascular disorders in children born to preeclamptic mothers, implicating that preeclampsia programs fetal vasculature in utero. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesize that preeclampsia alters fetal endothelial gene expression and disturbs cytokines- and growth factors-induced endothelial responses. RNA sequencing analysis was performed on unpassaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. Functional assays for endothelial monolayer integrity, proliferation, and migration were conducted on passage 1 HUVECs from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. Compared with normotensive cells, 926 and 172 genes were dysregulated in unpassaged female and male HUVECs from preeclamptic pregnancies, respectively. Many of these preeclampsia-dysregulated genes are associated with cardiovascular diseases (eg, heart failure) and endothelial function (eg, cell migration, calcium signaling, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling). TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α–, TGF (transforming growth factor)-β1–, FGF (fibroblast growth factor)-2–, and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A)–regulated gene networks were differentially disrupted in unpassaged female and male HUVECs from preeclamptic pregnancies. Moreover, preeclampsia decreased endothelial monolayer integrity in responses to TNF-α in both female and male HUVECs. Preeclampsia decreased TGF-β1–strengthened monolayer integrity in female HUVECs, whereas it enhanced FGF-2–strengthened monolayer integrity in male HUVECs. Preeclampsia promoted TNF-α–, TGF-β1–, and VEGFA–induced cell proliferation in female, but not in male HUVECs. Preeclampsia inhibited TNF-α–induced cell migration in female HUVECs, but had an opposite effect on male HUVECs. In conclusion, preeclampsia differentially dysregulates cardiovascular diseases- and endothelial function-associated genes/pathways in female and male fetal endothelial cells in association with the sexual dimorphisms of preeclampsia-dysregulated fetal endothelial function.
Brain TACE (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Converting Enzyme) Contributes to Sympathetic Excitation in Heart Failure Rats
Authors: Yu Yang , Cao Yiling , Bell Balyssa , Chen Xiaolei , Weiss Robert M. , Felder Robert B. , Wei Shun-Guang
Published: June 2019

TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) is initially synthesized as a transmembrane protein that is cleaved by TACE (TNF-α–converting enzyme) to release soluble TNF-α. The elevated level of TNF-α in the brain and circulation in heart failure (HF) suggests an increase in the TACE-mediated ectodomain shedding process. The present study sought to determine whether TACE is upregulated in cardiovascular/autonomic brain regions like subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in rats with ischemia-induced HF and whether TACE plays a role in TNF-α–driven sympathetic excitation. We found that TACE was expressed throughout the subfornical organ and paraventricular nucleus, with significantly higher levels in HF than in sham-operated (Sham) rats. Intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant TACE induced a mild increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity that peaked at 15 to 20 minutes in both Sham and HF rats. HF rats had a secondary prolonged increase in these variables that was prevented by the TNF-α inhibitor SPD304. Intracerebroventricular administration of the TACE inhibitor TNF-alpha protease inhibitor 1 decreased blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity in Sham and HF rats, with an exaggerated reduction in heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity in the HF rats. Direct microinjection of TACE or TNF-alpha protease inhibitor 1 into paraventricular nucleus or subfornical organ of Sham and HF rats elicited blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity responses similar to intracerebroventricular TACE or TNF-alpha protease inhibitor 1. Intracerebroventricular infusion of Ang II (angiotensin II) and IL (interleukin)-1β increased TACE expression in subfornical organ and paraventricular nucleus of normal rats. These data suggest that a TACE-mediated increase in soluble TNF-α in the brain contributes to sympathetic excitation in HF.
Robert Hooke and the Visual World of the Early Royal Society
Authors: Henderson Felicity
Published: June 2019

This article argues that despite individual Fellows’ interest in artistic practices, and similarities between a philosophical and a connoisseurial appreciation of art, the Royal Society as an institution may have been wary of image-making as a way of conveying knowledge because of the power of images to stir the passions and sway the intellect. Using Robert Hooke as a case study it explores some of the connections between philosophers and makers in Restoration London. It goes on to suggest that some epistemic images were in fact designed to elicit an emotional response in their viewers in order to force them to re-evaluate the subject-matter by presenting it in a new and surprising way.