bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphy of Vendian terrigenous deposits in the northeast of the Nepa–Botuobiya Anteclise
Authors: Lebedev M.V. , Moiseev S.A. , Topeshko V.A. , Fomin A.M.
Published: June 2014

We discuss the current understanding of the Vendian Regional Stages in the northeast of the Nepa-Botuobiya Anteclise, establish a new correlation of the Vendian sections across different facies, and propose stratotypes for the introduced stratigraphic units. A new stratigraphic chart is constructed for the Vendian terrigenous strata in the northeast of the Nepa-Botuobiya Anteclise and the adjacent territories.
The Cambrian sediments of the Cis-Yenisei basin (West Siberia): stratigraphy and correlation
Authors: Filippov Yu.F. , Saraev S.V. , Korovnikov I.V.
Published: June 2014

A scheme is proposed for the stratigraphic division and correlation of the Cambrian sediments of the Upper Proterozoic–Paleozoic Cis-Yenisei basin. It is based on data from the drilling of parametric wells (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-1, Vostok-3, Vostok-4, and others). Two structure-facies zones are recognized in the study area: Kas zone (Lemok-1, Averinskaya-150, Tyiskaya-1, Vostok-4, and Eloguiskaya-1 wells), in which the sedimentary complexes accumulated in a salt subbasin, and Ket’ zone (Vostok-1 and Vostok-3 wells) with open-sea-basin sedimentation. The boundary between the structure-facies zones passes along the reconstructed zone of a barrier reef stretching in the N–S direction. The Vostok-4 well is localized in the western Kas structure-facies zone, at the salt subbasin/barrier reef boundary. Local stratigraphic units (formations) are described and compared with the adjacent Turukhan–Irkut–Olekma facies region of the Siberian Platform.
An imitation stochastic model for lateral hydrocarbon migration
Authors: Livshits V.R.
Published: June 2014

Application of stochastic simulation to study of lateral migration of primary hydrocarbon pools near the roof of a collector is considered. It is shown that this approach can be used for point and interval estimations of oil accumulation in a trap and the formation of residual oil saturation.
Composition and distribution of alkylnaphthalenes in West Siberian oils
Authors: Golovko A.K. , Kontorovich A.E. , Pevneva G.S. , Fursenko E.A.
Published: June 2014

The type of source organic matter of West Siberian oils localized at depths of 1425 to 3950 m in Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Paleozoic deposits is determined based on the composition of bio- and geomarkers. The individual and group compositions of alkylnaphthalenes of these oils are studied. The geochemical parameters of oil transformation are calculated from the composition of methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylnaphthalenes. Data on the individual composition of alkylnaphthalenes are processed by the method of principal components of factor analysis. The matrix is compiled of 44 oils and 22 characteristics (contents of individual alkylnaphthalenes). The molecular-mass distributions of alkylnaphthalenes in oils of different genesis served as a basis for the separation of the latter into families according to the compositional similarity of biarenes and the degree of oil transformation.
Integrated electromagnetic and geochemical surveys for petroleum exploration in West Siberia
Authors: Epov M.I. , Antonov E.Yu. , Nevedrova N.N. , Olenchenko V.V. , Pospeeva E.V. , Napreev D.V. , Sanchaa A.M. , Potapov V.V. , Plotnikov A.E.
Published: June 2014

Electromagnetic soundings with controlled and natural sources (TEM and MT, respectively) integrated with IP and geochemical surveys have been tested for petroleum exploration in West Siberia. The TEM method, with loop sizes smaller than the depth to the target, provide high resolution, sufficient penetration depth, and data locality. The MT method sounds deeper earth and can place constraints on the Paleozoic basement structure and its electrical properties. The petroleum implications of IP and geochemical data are associated with secondary alteration (mineralization) of rocks over oil traps.
No Global Labor History without Africa: Reciprocal Comparison and Beyond
Authors: Hofmeester Karin , Lucassen Jan , Ribeiro da Silva Filipa
Published: June 2014

This introduction explains why it is important to include the history of labor and labor relations in Africa in Global Labor History. It suggests that the approach of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500–2000 – with its taxonomy of labor relations – is a feasible method for applying this approach to the historiography on labor history in Africa. The introduction ends with an analysis of four case studies that are presented in this special section, with a specific focus on shifts in labor relations and how they could be explained.
Density measurements of laser interaction with ordered structured ‘snow’ targets
Authors: Schleifer E. , Botton M. , Nahum E. , Eisenman S. , Zigler A. , Henis Z.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a new method to control the position of a micro-column snow target. This target enables the measurement of the mean electron density of the pre-plasma created by a pre-pulse with different time delays. This research will allow a better understanding of the generation of fast protons from the interaction between a structured pre-plasma and a high intensity laser.
Numerical simulation of turbulent duct flows with constant power input
Authors: Hasegawa Yosuke , Quadrio Maurizio , Frohnapfel Bettina
Published: June 2014

The numerical simulation of a flow through a duct requires an externally specified forcing that makes the fluid flow against viscous friction. To this end, it is customary to enforce a constant value for either the flow rate (CFR) or the pressure gradient (CPG). When comparing a laminar duct flow before and after a geometrical modification that induces a change of the viscous drag, both approaches lead to a change of the power input across the comparison. Similarly, when carrying out direct numerical simulation or large-eddy simulation of unsteady turbulent flows, the power input is not constant over time. Carrying out a simulation at constant power input (CPI) is thus a further physically sound option, that becomes particularly appealing in the context of flow control, where a comparison between control-on and control-off conditions has to be made. We describe how to carry out a CPI simulation, and start with defining a new power-related Reynolds number, whose velocity scale is the bulk flow that can be attained with a given pumping power in the laminar regime. Under the CPI condition, we derive a relation that is equivalent to the Fukagata–Iwamoto–Kasagi relation valid for CFR (and to its extension valid for CPG), that presents the additional advantage of naturally including the required control power. The implementation of the CPI approach is then exemplified in the standard case of a plane turbulent channel flow, and then further applied to a flow control case, where a spanwise-oscillating wall is used for skin-friction drag reduction. For this low-Reynolds-number flow, using 90 % of the available power for the pumping system and the remaining 10 % for the control system is found to be the optimum share that yields the largest increase of the flow rate above the reference case where 100 % of the power goes to the pump.
A Folk Theorem for Repeated Elections with Adverse Selection
Authors: Duggan John
Published: June 2014

This article establishes a folk theorem for a model of repeated elections with adverse selection: when citizens (voters and politicians) are sufficiently patient, arbitrary policy paths through arbitrarily large regions of the policy space can be supported by a refinement of perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Politicians are policy motivated (so office benefits cannot be used to incentivize policy choices), the policy space is one-dimensional (limiting the dimensionality of the set of utility imputations), and politicians’ preferences are private information (so punishments cannot be targeted to a specific type). The equilibrium construction relies critically on differentiability and strict concavity of citizens’ utility functions. An extension of the arguments allows policy paths to depend on the office holder's type, subject to incentive compatibility constraints.
Opportunities to enhance alternative sources of long-chainn-3 fatty acids within the diet
Authors: Delarue Jacques , Guriec Nathalie
Published: June 2014

Health benefits or advocated health benefits of long-chain (LC)n-3 PUFA are better known by medical doctors as well as by consumers, so that consumption increases. In addition, the development of aquaculture requires more fishmeal and fish oil. Humanisation of care of companion animals is also associated with addition of LCn-3 PUFA in pet foods. The risk of the increased demand for LCn-3 PUFA is the excess harvesting of natural sources, especially of marine origin (oily fishes, krill). In order to improve sustainability, alternative sources of LCn-3 PUFA have been developed. These alternative sources are: (a) terrestrial plants naturally or genetically enriched in stearidonic acid (SDA), which bypasses the first limiting step of (i.e. ∆6 desaturase) of the biosynthesis of LCn-3 PUFA; (b) single-cell oils rich in LCn-3 PUFA (microalgae,Escherichia coli) and krill. Currently, plants rich in SDA are expensive, metabolic engineering is unfavourably accepted by consumers in many countries, cultivation of microalgae is very expensive even though their ability (for some of them) to synthesise biofuels could induce a decrease in industrial costs, and Antarctic krill harvest must be restricted. Thus, it is difficult to predict their real development in the future.
Influencing and modifying children's energy intake: the role of portion size and energy density
Authors: Pourshahidi L. Kirsty , Kerr Maeve A. , McCaffrey Tracy A. , Livingstone M. Barbara E.
Published: June 2014

Childhood obesity is of concern worldwide. The portion size (PS) and energy density (ED) of food are two major determinants of children's energy intake (EI). Trends towards increasing PS are most apparent and best documented in the USA, where PS of numerous food products have increased in the marketplace over the past three decades, particularly high-energy dense foods. Analyses of population-level dietary surveys have confirmed this trend in children for both in- and out-of-home eating, and a plethora of observational evidence positively associates PS, ED and adiposity in children. A limited number of intervention studies provide clear evidence that children, even as young as 2 years, respond acutely to increasing PS, with some studies also demonstrating the additive effects of increased ED in promoting excessive EI. However, most of the evidence is based on children aged 3–6 years and there is a paucity of data in older children and adolescents. It is unclear whether decreasing PS can have the opposite effect on children's EI but recent acute studies have demonstrated that the incorporation of lower energy dense foods, such as fruit and vegetables, into children's meals down-regulates EI. Although a direct causal link between PS and obesity remains to be established, the regular consumption of larger PS of energy dense foods do favour obesity-promoting eating behaviours in children. Further research is required to establish the most feasible and effective interventions and policies to counteract the deleterious impact of PS and ED on children's EI.
Pragmatic design in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Purgato M. , Barbui C. , Stroup S. , Adams C.
Published: June 2014

At more than 10 years after the paper by Hotopf and colleagues regarding pragmatic trials in psychiatry, the field has evolved and is evolving further. There have been many developments in our understanding of what pragmatism really means, and excellent examples of truly pragmatic trials in psychiatry are currently available. Funders have helped encourage more emphasis on the need for such studies, but ‘local’ and trans-national regulations could help more. Consumers of the evidence should have a greater voice in generating the research agenda and, as this happens, the questions generated are more likely to be answered by a pragmatic approach to trials.
NON-REASONED DECISION-MAKING
Authors: Stone Peter
Published: June 2014

Human behaviour, like everything else, has causes. Most of the time, those causes can be described as reasons. Human beings perform actions because they have reasons for performing them. They are capable of surveying the options available and then selecting one based upon those reasons. But invariably occasions arise in which the reasons known to the agent fail to single out a determinate option. When reasons cannot determine the option to select on their own, the agent must resort to some form of non-reasoned decision-making (NRDM). This paper distinguishes four different forms of NRDM – picking, randomizing, deferring and judging. Each form may be appropriate under different circumstances. The paper concludes by laying out the theoretical assumptions upon which this account of NRDM rests.
A profile of New Zealand ‘Asian’ participants of the 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey: focus on dietary habits, nutrient intakes and health outcomes
Authors: Parackal Sherly M , Smith Claire , Parnell Winsome Ruth
Published: June 2014

Objective

To investigate similarities and differences in dietary habits, nutrient intakes and health outcomes of South Asians (SA) and East and South-East Asians (ESEA) and the New Zealand European and Other (NZEO) group, and to examine differences within ‘Asian’ subgroups according to duration of residence.

Design

Nutrient intake data from 24 h diet recalls and data from the dietary habits questionnaire, anthropometry and biochemical analyses from the cross-sectional 2008/09 Adult National Nutrition Survey in New Zealand were compared for participants categorized as SA, ESEA and NZEO.

Subjects

Adults aged 15 years and older (n2995).

Setting

New Zealand households.

Results

SA were more likely to ‘never’ eat red meat in comparison to NZEO (P<0·001) and among females also in comparison to ESEA (P<0·05). Intakes of fats and some micronutrients (riboflavin, vitamin B6, B12, Se) were lower among SA than NZEO (P<0·05). Lower intakes of Zn and vitamin B12were reported by SA females compared with ESEA and NZEO females (P<0·05). A higher percentage of SA were obese using ethnic-specific cut-offs, had lower indices of Fe status and reported diagnosed diabetes compared with NZEO and ESEA. Recent SA male migrants had higher intakes of β-carotene, vitamin C and Ca compared with long-term migrants (P<0·05).

Conclusions

The results of the present study indicate that dietary habits, nutrient intakes, blood profile and body size differ significantly between Asian subgroups. It also provides some evidence for changes in dietary intakes according to duration of residence especially for SA males.
Scanning Electron Microscopy Comparison of the Cleaning Efficacy of a Root Canal System by Nd:YAG Laser and Rotary Instruments
Authors: Samiei Mohammad , Pakdel Seyyed Mahdi Vahid , Rikhtegaran Sahand , Shakoei Sahar , Ebrahimpour Delaram , Taghavi Pedram
Published: June 2014

This study evaluated the cleaning efficacy of a root canal system by Nd:YAG laser and rotary instruments. Sixty single-rooted human teeth were divided into four experimental groups (n=15). In the first group the teeth were prepared with a step-back technique using conventional K-files. In the second and third groups, tooth preparation was carried out using Nd:YAG laser and rotary NiTi instruments, respectively. Teeth in the fourth group were prepared by combined laser and rotary methods. The smear layer remaining on canal walls was then assessed by scanning electron microscopy in the coronal, middle, and apical portions. The comparison of smear layer removal efficacy between groups was carried out by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The mean grades of smear layer removal in rotary-laser, rotary, laser and step-back techniques were 1.34±0.18, 2.2±0.28, 1.91±0.25, and 2.42 ±0.19, respectively. On the whole, differences between rotary-laser and rotary groups, step-back, and the three other techniques (rotary, laser, and rotary-laser) were significant at p=0.034. Based on the findings of this study, the cleaning efficacy of rotary, laser, and rotary-laser techniques were better than the step-back technique and the combined laser and rotary technique was the most efficient method.
Resistive switching and its suppression in Pt/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions
Authors: Mikheev Evgeny , Hoskins Brian D. , Strukov Dmitri B. , Stemmer Susanne
Published: June 2014

Oxide-based resistive switching devices are promising candidates for new memory and computing technologies. Poor understanding of the defect-based mechanisms that give rise to resistive switching is a major impediment for engineering reliable and reproducible devices. Here we identify an unintentional interface layer as the origin of resistive switching in Pt/Nb:SrTiO3 junctions. We clarify the microscopic mechanisms by which the interface layer controls the resistive switching. We show that appropriate interface processing can eliminate this contribution. These findings are an important step towards engineering more reliable resistive switching devices.
Real-time liquid crystal-based biosensor for urea detection
Authors: Khan Mashooq , Kim Youngkyoo , Lee Joon Hyung , Kang Inn-Kyu , Park Soo-Young
Published: June 2014

A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid filled with 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) on an octadecyltrichloro silane-coated glass substrate in aqueous media was developed to construct a urea biosensor by coating poly(acrylicacid-b-4-cyanobiphenyl-4-oxyundecylacrylate) (PAA-b-LCP) at the aqueous/5CB interface and immobilizing urease covalently to the PAA chains.
Simultaneous determination of aromatic amino acids in different systems using three-way calibration based on the PARAFAC-ALS algorithm coupled with EEM fluorescence: exploration of second-order advantages
Authors: Kang Chao , Wu Hai-Long , Xiang Shou-Xia , Xie Li-Xia , Liu Ya-Juan , Yu Yong-Jie , Sun Jing-Jing , Yu Ru-Qin
Published: June 2014

An efficient method is proposed for determination of aromatic amino acids in different systems simultaneously, even in the presence of three uncalibrated interferents.
Emergent properties arising from the assembly of amphiphiles. Artificial vesicle membranes as reaction promoters and regulators
Authors: Walde Peter , Umakoshi Hiroshi , Stano Pasquale , Mavelli Fabio
Published: June 2014

Membranes of artificial vesicles may act as reaction promoters and regulators.
Ultra-rapid formation of ZnO hierarchical structures from dilution-induced supersaturated solutions
Authors: Wang Jing , Hou Sichao , Zhang Lizhao , Chen Jincai , Xiang Lan
Published: June 2014

ZnO hierarchical structures assembled by tunable nanoscale building blocks such as nanorods, nanosheets and nanoparticles were synthesized from dilution-induced supersaturated solutions.
Experimental and numerical investigation of contact-area-limited doping for top-contact pentacene thin-film transistors with Schottky contact
Authors: Noda Kei , Wada Yasuo , Toyabe Toru
Published: June 2014

Effects of contact-area-limited doping for pentacene thin-film transistors with a bottom-gate, top-contact configuration were investigated.
Sortase A catalyzed reaction pathways: a comparative study with six SrtA variants
Authors: Heck Tobias , Pham Phu-Huy , Yerlikaya Alpaslan , Thöny-Meyer Linda , Richter Michael
Published: June 2014

Different enzyme variants of sortase A fromStaphylococcus aureuswere found to have distinct catalytic properties with regard to site-directed protein fusion and competing intermolecular crosslinking reactions.
Site isolated complexes of late transition metals grafted on silica: challenges and chances for synthesis and catalysis
Authors: Rimoldi Martino , Mezzetti Antonio
Published: June 2014

Grafting, quo vadis? The reasons for the aggregation of late transition metal complexes on oxide supports under reducing conditions and/or in the presence of π-accepting ligands are discussed, and strategies are suggested to prevent it.
Phosphotungstic acid encapsulated in the mesocages of amine-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for catalytic oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Wang Xu-Sheng , Huang Yuan-Biao , Lin Zu-Jin , Cao Rong
Published: June 2014

PTA@MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 has been prepared via an anion exchange method, and showed high catalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization under mild conditions.
A quasi core–shell nitrogen-doped graphene/cobalt sulfide conductive catalyst for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Bi Enbing , Chen Han , Yang Xudong , Peng Wenqin , Grätzel Michael , Han Liyuan
Published: June 2014

A platinum-free counter electrode was designed based on a quasi core-shell N-doped graphene/cobalt sulfide with high catalytic activity and conductivity.
Bioavailability and metabolism of hydroxycinnamates in rats fed with durum wheat aleurone fractions
Authors: Calani Luca , Ounnas Fayçal , Salen Patricia , Demeilliers Christine , Bresciani Letizia , Scazzina Francesca , Brighenti Furio , Melegari Camilla , Crozier Alan , de Lorgeril Michel , Del Rio Daniele
Published: June 2014

A specific wheat aleurone fraction showed potentially interesting ferulic acid improved bioavailability and might be used for the formulation of new wheat based products.
Highly efficient visible-light-driven photoelectro-catalytic selective aerobic oxidation of biomass alcohols to aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Zhao Guohua , Zhang Yanan , Huang Xiaofeng
Published: June 2014

Highly efficient visible-light driven synergistic photoelectrocatalytic aerobic oxidation of biomass alcohols to aldehydes using Au/CeO2–TIO2 NT photocathodes under the mild conditions.
Identification of bacteriophage virion proteins by the ANOVA feature selection and analysis
Authors: Ding Hui , Feng Peng-Mian , Chen Wei , Lin Hao
Published: June 2014

The bacteriophage virion proteins play extremely important roles in the fate of host bacterial cells.
Identification of redox-regulated components of arsenate (AsV) tolerance through thiourea supplementation in rice
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Srivastava S. , Mishra S. , D'Souza S. F. , Suprasanna P.
Published: June 2014

In this work, the effect of the interaction between As and thiourea was utilized for the identification of redox regulatory mechanisms of As tolerance in rice.
Predicting natural product value, an exploration of anti-TB drug space
Authors: Dashti Yousef , Grkovic Tanja , Quinn Ronald J.
Published: June 2014

Here we present a perspective based on an analysis of the drug-like properties of the reported anti-mycobacterium natural products in order to assess drug potential.
Base mediated 7-exo-dig intramolecular cyclization of Ugi–propargyl precursors: a highly efficient and regioselective synthetic approach toward diverse 1,4-benzoxazepine-5(2H)-ones
Authors: Pandey Shashi , Kumar S. Vinod , Kant Ruchir , Chauhan Prem M. S.
Published: June 2014

A metal-free facile and efficient two-step synthetic protocol for the preparation of 1,4-benzoxazepine-5(2H)-one derivatives has been developed.
Regioselective synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted 2-aminofurans
Authors: Huynh Thi Ngoc Tram , Retailleau Pascal , Denhez Clément , Nguyen Kim Phi Phung , Guillaume Dom
Published: June 2014

Three series of methyl 5-substituted 2-aminofuran-4-keto-3-carboxylates have been prepared following a multicomponent reaction strategy by the addition of an isocyanide to 4-oxo-2-butynoate in the presence of an aldehyde.
A bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst from monodisperse MnCo2O4 nanoparticles on nitrogen enriched carbon nanofibers
Authors: Xu Chaohe , Lu Meihua , Zhan Yi , Lee Jim Yang
Published: June 2014

Monodisperse MnCo2O4 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen enriched carbon nanofibers (NCF) exhibited a synergy of component interactions that resulted in higher ORR and OER activities than commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Evaluating solvent extraction systems using metabolomics approaches
Authors: Martin Amanda C. , Pawlus Alison D. , Jewett Erin M. , Wyse Donald L. , Angerhofer Cindy K. , Hegeman Adrian D.
Published: June 2014

Metabolomics generated features were used as unbiased metrics to identify solvents that produce botanical extracts with the greatest chemical diversity.
One-step synthesis of high-quality N-doped graphene/Fe3O4hybrid nanocomposite and its improved supercapacitor performances
Authors: Li Li , Dou Yuanyun , Wang Lifeng , Luo Min , Liang Jun
Published: June 2014

A series of high-quality N-doped graphene (N-graphene)/Fe3O4nanocomposites were readily obtained by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method under mild conditions.
Novel nickel–palladium catalysts encased in a platinum nanocage
Authors: Jeyadevan Balachandran , Cuya Jhon L. , Inoue Yoshinori , Shinoda Kozo , Ito Takashi , Mott Derrick , Higashimine Koichi , Maenosono Shinya , Matsumoto Takatoshi , Miyamura Hiroshi
Published: June 2014

Synthesis of novel self-designed Ni–Pd–Pt nanocubes that possess the potential for the preparation of designed catalysts of the future.
Blue transition metal complexes of a natural bilin-type chlorophyll catabolite
Authors: Li Chengjie , Ulrich Markus , Liu Xiujun , Wurst Klaus , Müller Thomas , Kräutler Bernhard
Published: June 2014

Natural pink degradation products of chlorophyll occur in de-greened leaves. They form blue transition metal complexes, some of which show intensive red fluorescence and may serve as highly sensitive reporters of transition metals in plants.
Experimental and computational studies on the mechanism of the Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)–H γ-arylation of amino acid derivatives assisted by the 2-pyridylsulfonyl group
Authors: Poveda Ana , Alonso Inés , Fernández-Ibáñez M. Ángeles
Published: June 2014

Experimental and computational studies on the mechanism of the Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed C(sp3)–H γ-arylation of amino acid derivatives are reported.
Influence of polarization-tilt coupling on the ferroelectric properties of smectic gels
Authors: Vimala S. , Nair Geetha G. , Prasad S. Krishna , Hiremath Uma S. , Yelamaggad C. V.
Published: June 2014

Transfer of chirality from the enclosed ferroelectric liquid crystals to the strands of an organic gel structure.
Palladium nanoparticles in situ generated in metal–organic films for catalytic applications
Authors: Gao Shuiying , Cao Minna , Li Weijin , Cao Rong
Published: June 2014

Palladium nanoparticles were first in situ generated in metal–organic films for catalytic applications.
Exceptional pseudocapacitive properties of hierarchical NiO ultrafine nanowires grown on mesoporous NiO nanosheets
Authors: An Lei , Xu Kaibing , Li Wenyao , Liu Qian , Li Bo , Zou Rujia , Chen Zhigang , Hu Junqing
Published: June 2014

Hierarchical NiO ultrafine nanowires grown on mesoporous NiO nanosheets with Ni foam as a substrate synthesized by a facile and effective hydrothermal method showed exceptional pseudocapacitive properties.
3D conductive network-based free-standing PANI–RGO–MWNTs hybrid film for high-performance flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Fan Haosen , Zhao Ning , Wang Hao , Xu Jian , Pan Feng
Published: June 2014

A facile method was successfully established to construct 3D conductive network-based free-standing polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube ternary hybrid film, in which a 3D conductive network was synergistically assembled by MWNTs and GO.
Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers integrating space-separated magnetic nanoparticles and heterostructures for recoverable and efficient photocatalyst
Authors: baiyila Dahu , Wang Xiaohui , Li Xin , sharileaodu Bao , Li Xiaotian , Xu Liang , Liu Zongrui , Duan Limei , Liu Jinghai
Published: June 2014

Magnetically recoverable nanofibers photocatalysts integrating surface heterostructures were fabricated by electrospinnig Fe3O4@TiO2 and hydrothermally depositing CdS nanoparticles.
Multifunctional self-assembled cationic peptide nanostructures efficiently carry plasmid DNA in vitro and exhibit antimicrobial activity with minimal toxicity
Authors: Yadav Santosh , Mahato Manohar , Pathak Rajiv , Jha Diksha , Kumar Bipul , Deka Smriti Rekha , Gautam Hemant Kumar , Sharma Ashwani Kumar
Published: June 2014

An amphiphilic peptide–aminoglycoside (Pep–Neo) conjugate has been synthesized, self-assembled into nanostructures and evaluated for its multifunctional properties.
Rho protein GTPases and their interactions with NFκB: crossroads of inflammation and matrix biology
Authors: Tong Louis , Tergaonkar Vinay
Published: June 2014

The RhoGTPases, with RhoA, Cdc42 and Rac being major members, are a group of key ubiquitous proteins present in all eukaryotic organisms that subserve such important functions as cell migration, adhesion and differentiation. The NFκB (nuclear factor κB) is a family of constitutive and inducible transcription factors that through their diverse target genes, play a major role in processes such as cytokine expression, stress regulation, cell division and transformation. Research over the past decade has uncovered new molecular links between the RhoGTPases and the NFκB pathway, with the RhoGTPases playing a positive or negative regulatory role on NFκB activation depending on the context. The RhoA–NFκB interaction has been shown to be important in cytokine-activated NFκB processes, such as those induced by TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α). On the other hand, Rac is important for activating the NFκB response downstream of integrin activation, such as after phagocytosis. Specific residues of Rac1 are important for triggering NFκB activation, and mutations do obliterate this response. Other upstream triggers of the RhoGTPase–NFκB interactions include the suppressive p120 catenin, with implications for skin inflammation. The networks described here are not only important areas for further research, but are also significant for discovery of targets for translational medicine.
Performance of Nth‐best antenna selection diversity systems with co‐channel interference and outdated channel information
Authors: Salhab Anas M. , Zummo Salam A.
Published: June 2014

In this study, the authors evaluate the performance of space diversity systems with the Nth‐best antenna selection scheme in the presence of interference and outdated channel information (OC1). The Nth‐best antenna selection scheme is efficient in situations where the second or even the Nth best antenna is mistakenly selected by the destination instead of the first best antenna for data reception. In this study, they first derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end‐to‐end (e2e) signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio at the selection scheme combiner output. This CDF is then used to derive exact closed‐form expressions for the e2e outage probability and symbol error probability (SEP) of the system. In the analysis, the channels of the desired user and the interferers are assumed to follow Rayleigh distribution. Furthermore, to obtain more about system insights, the performance is studied at the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regime where the diversity order and coding gain are derived. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to validate the derived analytical and asymptotic expressions. Main results illustrate that with an interference power that is not scaling with SNR, the system can still achieve diversity gain when more receive antennas are used. Also, findings show that the diversity order of the system is linearly decreasing with increasing the order of the antenna, and linearly increasing with decreasing it. Furthermore, results illustrate that as the higher the correlation coefficient between the SNRs of antennas at the selection and transmission time instances, the better the achieved performance.
Reference model‐based containment control of multi‐agent systems with higher‐order dynamics
Authors: Rong Lina , Lu Junwei , Xu Shengyuan , Chu Yuming
Published: June 2014

This study studies the problem of distributed containment control for multi‐agent systems with higher‐order dynamics under directed network topologies. The higher‐order model‐based containment controllers with relative damping and absolute damping are proposed, respectively. It is shown that under the proposed containment controllers the followers will converge to the convex hull spanned by the leaders if for each follower, there exists at least one leader that has a directed path to the followers; the final states of the followers depend on the network topology as well as the initial states of the references models of the leaders. The second‐order model‐based containment controllers are discussed as special cases. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Algebraic conditions for monotonicity of magnitude‐frequency responses in all‐pole fractional order systems
Authors: Tavazoei Mohammad Saleh
Published: June 2014

This study deals with the investigation of the magnitude‐frequency responses of all‐pole fractional order systems in the viewpoint of extrema existence in these responses. In this investigation, a sufficient algebraic condition, two necessary algebraic conditions, and a necessary and sufficient algebraic condition are obtained to guarantee the non‐existence of extrema in the magnitude‐frequency response of all‐pole fractional order systems. Some examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the results of the paper.
Human perception‐based image segmentation using optimising of colour quantisation
Authors: Cho Sung In , Kang Suk‐Ju , Kim Young Hwan
Published: June 2014

This study presents an advanced histogram‐based image segmentation method that enhances image segmentation quality, while greatly reducing the computational complexity. Unlike existing histogram‐based methods, the authors optimise the size of bins in the colour histogram by using human perception‐based colour quantisation and the clustering centroids are selected effectively without using a complex process. Additionally, an over‐segmentation removal technique based on connected‐component labelling is employed. This improves the segmentation quality by connectivity analysis. A comparison between the experimental results on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset by the proposed method and the benchmark methods demonstrated that the proposed method enhanced the segmentation quality by improving the Probabilistic Rand Index and the Segmentation Covering values compared with those of the benchmark methods. The computation time using the proposed method is reduced by up to 91.63% compared with the computation time using benchmark methods.
Multimodal non‐rigid registration methods based on local variability measures in computed tomography and magnetic resonance brain images
Authors: Reducindo Isnardo , Mejia‐Rodriguez Aldo R. , Arce‐Santana Edgar R. , Campos‐Delgado Daniel U. , Vigueras‐Gomez Flavio , Scalco Elisa , Bianchi Anna M. , Cattaneo Giovanni M. , Rizzo Giovanna
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a novel non‐rigid multimodal registration method that relies on three basic steps: first, an initial approximation of the deformation field is obtained by a parametric registration technique based on particle filtering; second, an intensity mapping based on local variability measures (LVM) is applied over the two images in order to overcome the multimodal restriction between them; and third, an optical flow method is used in an iterative way to find the remaining displacements of the deformation field. Hence the new methodology offers a solution for multimodal NRR by a quadratic optimisation over a convex surface, which allows independent motion of each pixel, in contrast to methods that parameterise the deformation space. To evaluate the proposed method, a set of magnetic resonance/computed tomography clinical studies (pre‐ and post‐radiotherapy treatment) of three patients with cerebral tumour deformations of the brain structures was employed. The resulting registration was evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively by standard indices of correspondence over anatomical structures of interest in radiotherapy (brain, tumour and cerebral ventricles). These results showed that one of the proposed LVM (entropy) offers a superior performance in estimating the non‐rigid deformation field.
Design of double‐sided axe‐shaped ultra‐wideband antenna with reduced radar cross‐section
Authors: Dikmen Cengizhan M. , Çimen Sibel , Çakır Gonca
Published: June 2014

In this study, a novel axe‐shaped ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna with low‐backscattering radar cross‐section (RCS) is designed. The designed UWB antenna bandwidth is 3.4–15.5 GHz covering the entire band assigned for the UWB applications. The RCS of the designed antenna is reduced by modifying the geometrical shape. This technique is based on the subtraction of the metal areas which have the minimum current distributions on the surface of the printed antenna. Therefore the backscattering RCS of the modified axe‐shaped UWB antenna is reduced up to 10 dB in the whole frequency band while maintaining the radiation performance. The size of the antenna is 0.32λl ×0.39λl, where λl is the wavelength at the lower operation frequency and the fractional bandwidth is 128%. The radiation patterns, scattering characteristics and the RCS of both the modified and reference axe‐shaped UWB antennas are simulated and experimentally verified. The simulation and measurement results are in a good agreement.
Fast non‐linearly constrained least square joint estimation of position and velocity for X‐ray pulsar‐based navigation
Authors: Liu Jin , Fang Jiancheng , Wu Jin , Kang Zhiwei , Ning Xiaolin
Published: June 2014

Considering the limited computational capacity of on‐board computer, a fast non‐linearly constrained least square joint estimation of position and velocity is proposed for X‐ray pulsar‐based navigation (XNAV). The authors found that besides the distortion of the pulse profile, the Doppler caused by the spacecraft velocity alters the pulse time‐of‐arrival (TOA). The relationship model between the pulse TOA and the spacecraft velocity is built. Based on this, they can estimate the spacecraft velocity according to the variation of TOAs instead of the pulse profile distortion. In the proposed estimation method, the total observation interval is divided into several equal observation sub‐intervals. Then a set of TOAs for sub‐intervals can be obtained by the Fourier transform‐based TOA estimation method. Finally, the non‐linearly constrained least square estimation method is developed to estimate the spacecraft position and velocity. The simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed method is far faster than the maximum‐likelihood estimation method, in which the spacecraft velocity is estimated via detecting the distortion of the folded pulse profile. The accuracy of the proposed method is robust to the initial errors and the elements of orbit.
Resonant frequency and Q factor extraction from temporal responses of ultra‐high Q optical resonators
Authors: Dantanarayana Harshana G. , Vukovic Ana , Sewell Phillip , Benson Trevor M.
Published: June 2014

Resonant frequency extraction from time signal simulations of optical resonators is often required to resolve closely spaced resonances in addition to estimating high Q factors. Traditional Fourier transform‐based fitting methods thus require very long time signals, limiting their usage. Complex exponential fitting‐based methods such as matrix pencil, modified Prony and harmonic inversion provide better accuracy, but each has its own advantages as well as disadvantages. In this study, it is shown that the matrix pencil method is limited by the number of time samples, but provides accurate results, whereas the harmonic inversion method provides less accurate results with high efficiency. The difference formulation of the modified Prony method implemented with multiple precision, while providing the best accuracy, is the least efficient approach and requires careful adjustment of its parameters to obtain a solution.
Distributed estimation of non‐linear functions of the state vector for multisensory continuous‐time linear systems
Authors: Song II Young , Shin Vladimir , Lee Seokhyoung , Choi Won
Published: June 2014

This study focuses on fusion algorithms for the estimation of a non‐linear function of the state vector in a multisensory continuous‐time stochastic system. The non‐linear function of the state (NFS) represents a non‐linear multivariate function of state variables, which can indicate useful information of a target system for control. To estimate a NFS using multisensory information, they propose one centralised and three distributed estimation fusion algorithms. For multivariate polynomial functions, they derive a closed‐form estimation procedure. In the general case, an unscented transformation is used for evaluation of the fusion estimate of an NFS. The subsequent application of the proposed fusion estimators to a linear stochastic system within a multisensor environment demonstrates their effectiveness.
Retrocaruncular Approach for the Repair of Medial Orbital Wall Fractures: An Anatomical and Clinical Study
Authors: Shen Yun-Dun , Paskowitz Daniel , Merbs Shannath L. , Grant Michael P.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this article is to investigate a retrocaruncular approach for repairing medial orbital wall fractures. A total of 10 fresh cadaver orbits were dissected to investigate a transconjunctival approach to the orbit posterior to the caruncle. Medical records of consecutive patients with medial orbital wall fractures repaired via a retrocaruncular incision at Wilmer Eye Institute over a 10-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The study was approved by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institution's Institutional Review Board. Feasibility of this approach was clearly demonstrated on all cadavers. Horner muscle was observed to be directly attached to the caruncle and remained undisturbed throughout the retrocaruncular approach. For each of the 174 patients reviewed, this approach allowed successful access to the fracture and proper implant placement. The origin of the inferior oblique muscle was divided in only 19 patients. Sutures were not used for conjunctival incision closure in any patient. For 120 patients who underwent acute repair, the percentage with enophthalmos (≥ 2 mm) decreased from 34% preoperatively to 4% postoperatively; extraocular motility deficit decreased from 41 to 11%. Postoperative complications included recurrence of the preexisting retrobulbar hemorrhage, conjunctival granuloma, and temporary torsional diplopia, each in one patient. The retrocaruncular transconjunctival incision is an effective and safe approach for repairing medial orbital wall fractures with minimal complications. The retrocaruncular incision offers advantages over dividing the caruncle because Horner muscle is left undisturbed, and the incision heals well without suturing.
From quotative other to quotative self
Authors: Nuckolls Janis B.
Published: June 2014

Evidentials in Pastaza Quichua, an Amazonian dialect of Ecuadorian Quechua, are examined and their uses in narratives compared. The novel contribution of this chapter is to show, by comparing data from personal experience narratives, that evidentials are used to convey speaker subjectivity, rather than source of information, and that switches between different speaker subjectivities, which may be encoded as ‘selves’ or ‘others’, are particularly evident in passages where momentous, life-changing statuses or interpersonal upheavals are being articulated.
Chapter 8. Noun valency in Latin
Authors: Spevak Olga
Published: June 2014

This article has two objectives. The first is to present an account of valency nouns in Latin. Lyons’ typology (1977) envisaging three orders of entities is useful for predicting the number and type of complements used with various nouns. Expansions of all the categories are distinguished: concrete entities, relational nouns, agent nouns, verbal nouns, and nouns expressing qualities. Furthermore, Latin shows interesting phenomena closely related to noun valency, namely nominalization of verbal notions in Early Latin and the construction of the dominant participle. The second objective is to examine argument marking at the noun phrase level. The genitive is the “adnominal” case par excellence; other cases (the dative, accusative, and ablative) as well as prepositional phrases are atypical noun complements in Latin, and furthermore they are often restricted to specific categories of nouns.
Physiological assessment of Olympic windsurfers
Authors: Vogiatzis Ioannis , De Vito Giuseppe
Published: June 2014

Olympic boardsailing is a very demanding endurance sport activity. The main reason for this phenomenon is ascribable to the fact that elite windsurfers use pumping for propulsion during sailing. Pumping is a manoeuvre in which the athlete pulls the sail rhythmically so that it acts as a wing, thus providing the board with additional forward motion especially in light and moderate wind conditions. It has been demonstrated, by using portable metabolimeters, that Olympic boardsailing (Mistral board and the current Olympic board the Neil Pryde RS:X) entails high energy and cardiorespiratory requirements. In elite Olympic board‐sailors, by measuring energy costs and cardiorespiratory responses, it was found that (in wind velocity conditions ranging between 4 and 15 m s−1) pumping, compared to non‐pumping sailing, induced a significant increase in oxygen uptake () and heart rate (HR) demands (from 19.2 to 48.4 ml min−1 kg−1 and from 110 to 165 beats min−1, respectively). In general, across studies the aerobic demand, recorded on various windsurf boards (expressed as% ), was greater than 75%, whilst HR values were greater than 85% of HRmax during actual racing conditions. In conclusion, Olympic class windsurfing can be considered as a high‐intensity endurance type of sport that is comparable to other aerobic sporting activities such as rowing. Sail pumping is the crucial factor determining this high intensity of aerobic demand. Moreover, the fact that a typical regatta includes many races over several days implies that particular attention must be paid to the training strategy and the nutritional requirement of this discipline.
Fusion procedure for Coxeter groups of type 𝐵 and complex reflection groups 𝐺(𝑚,1,𝑛)
Authors: Ogievetsky O. , Poulain d’Andecy L.
Published: June 2014

A complete system of primitive pairwise orthogonal idempotents for the Coxeter groups of type

B
B

and, more generally, for the complex reflection groups

G
(
m
,
1
,
n
)

G(m,1,n)

is constructed by a sequence of evaluations of a rational function in several variables with values in the group ring. The evaluations correspond to the eigenvalues of the two arrays of Jucys–Murphy elements.
Hyperplane sections and stable derived categories
Authors: Ueda Kazushi
Published: June 2014

We discuss the relation between the graded stable derived category of a hypersurface and that of its hyperplane section. The motivation comes from the compatibility between homological mirror symmetry for the Calabi-Yau manifold defined by an invertible polynomial and that for the singularity defined by the same polynomial.
Psychotropic Medications for Pediatric Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Hussain Sunny Z. , Hyman Paul E.
Published: June 2014

We describe the use of psychotropic medications in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children based on available data. We address their safety and efficacy. Most pediatric gastroenterologists do not or are not able to collaborate with child psychiatrists, so it may be beneficial for pediatric gastroenterologists to have a working knowledge of off‐label psychotropic drugs to improve functional symptoms. We recommend that efforts be made to involve both the children and their families from the beginning, adverse effects be mentioned, and the treatment plan be explained.