bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐Hospital and 1‐year outcomes with drug‐eluting versus bare metal stents in saphenous vein graft intervention: A report from the EVENT registry
Authors: Tolerico Paul H. , Cohen David J. , Kleiman Neal S. , Berger Peter B. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Piana Robert N. , Shammo Salim , Keyes Michelle J. , Kennedy Kevin F. , Massaro Joseph M. , Saucedo Jorge F. ,   on behalf of the EVENT Investigators
Published: March 2012

Objectives

To compare outcomes of patients receiving drug‐eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein bypass grafts (SVG).

Background

Long‐term benefits of DES versus BMS are well established for native vessel PCI. Benefit in patients undergoing SVG intervention is less certain. We used data from a multicenter registry (evaluation of drug eluting stents and ischemic events, EVENT) to compare outcomes among patients treated with DES versus BMS 1‐year following SVG interventions.

Methods

Between July 2004 and December 2007, 684 patients in EVENT underwent SVG PCI (515 DES only, 169 BMS only). The primary endpoint was a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization between hospital discharge and 1‐year follow‐up. Propensity score stratification was used to adjust for differences between groups.

Results

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated with DES and BMS were similar. The DES group had fewer men and a higher prevalence of prior PCI. Patients receiving DES had less angiographic thrombus, less frequent use of embolic protection devices, greater total stent length, and smaller maximum stent diameters. Unadjusted outcomes between discharge and 1‐year follow‐up did not differ between the groups. After risk adjustment, the primary outcome was less frequent among patients treated with DES (adjusted HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.27–0.84, P < 0.01) with similar relative benefits across the individual endpoints.

Conclusions

Among patients undergoing SVG PCI in a “real world” registry analyzed using propensity score stratification, treatment with DES compared with BMS was associated with reduced MACE at 1 year following PCI. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coil‐occlusion of the left ventricle as emergency treatment in failing stage I palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome with sinusoids
Authors: Hummel Johanna , Stiller Brigitte , Grohmann Jochen
Published: March 2012

We report on a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), ventricular septal defects, and coronary sinusoids who suffered recurrent myocardial ischemic events that required cardiopulmonary resuscitation after stage I palliation. We identified the main reason to be a steal phenomenon of blood from the left coronary artery via the sinusoids into the rudimentary left ventricle and across the septal defects into the right ventricle. To limit this coronary steal phenomenon, we successfully performed transcatheter closure of the left ventricle with implantation of three Microplex Terumo®‐Coils. This led to the patient's clinical stabilization. Stage II surgery took place at the age of 5 months without difficulty. In the setting of a symptomatic neonate with HLHS and ventriculocoronary connections, embolization of the left ventricle is a feasible interventional therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preclosure of large‐sized venous access sites in adults undergoing transcatheter structural interventions
Authors: Hamid Tahir , Rajagopal Rajinikanth , Pius Charlene , Clarke Bernard , Mahadevan Vaikom S.
Published: March 2012

Background

Patients requiring congenital and structural heart interventions often require large‐sized sheath insertion into femoral veins and arteries. Clinical outcome data on the use of suture‐mediated devices for femoral venous access site closure are limited.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and safety of the Perclose™ (Abbott Vascular Devices, CA) suture‐mediated device using the preclosure technique, in achieving haemostasis at femoral venous access site following large sheath insertion (≥8 Fr).

Design and Setting

Two hundred and forty‐three consecutive patients underwent 310 access site closures with the Perclose™ device using the preclosure technique. There were 151 (62%) women, mean age 43 (±16) years. 234/243 (96%) received heparin. Mean venous access site sheath diameter was 11.5 (±3) Fr.

Results

Immediate haemostasis (<2 min) was achieved in 304/310 (98%) sites. No patients had major complications. Short‐term follow‐up at 3 months revealed no evidence of haematoma or fistula formation or clinical evidence of vessel occlusion. On medium‐term clinical follow‐up (mean follow‐up of 14 ± 12 and median of 12.4 months), no complications were seen at the venous access sites.

Conclusion

Preclosure of large‐size femoral venous access sheath sites using the suture‐mediated Perclose™ device is efficacious in achieving rapid haemostasis in the presence of anticoagulation in the venous site. On 1‐year follow‐up, there was no clinical evidence of vascular complications in the venous access sites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects
Authors: Velasco‐Sanchez Daniel , Tzikas Apostolos , Ibrahim Reda , Miró Joaquim
Published: March 2012

Although effective, transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects (pmVSD) with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, MN) carries a substantial risk of complete heart block, prompting many to abandon this intervention. A newly designed Amplatzer device for pmVSD was modified, in part, to minimize this risk. After rigorous preclinical testing, we report the first human experience with the Amplatzer Membranous VSD Occluder 2 (AGA Medical Corporation) in two patients (a 5‐year old with a 12‐mm pmVSD and a 26‐year‐old male with a 8‐mm defect). Both procedures were successful, with no adverse events at 7 and 4 weeks of follow‐up, respectively. Herein, we discuss characteristics of the new device, potential advantages compared to the prior version, and main technical aspects related to the procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term clinical outcome of rotational atherectomy followed by drug‐eluting stent implantation in complex calcified coronary lesions
Authors: Abdel‐Wahab Mohamed , Baev Radoy , Dieker Patrick , Kassner Guido , Khattab Ahmed A. , Toelg Ralph , Sulimov Dmitriy , Geist Volker , Richardt Gert
Published: March 2012

Objectives

To assess long‐term outcome after rotational atherectomy (RA) is followed by drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation in complex calcified coronary lesions.

Background

RA can favorably modify heavily calcified coronary lesions, but long‐term outcome is poor when it is used as a stand‐alone therapy or combined with bare‐metal stents. DES have reduced rates of restenosis in a wide range of patient and lesion subsets, but little information is available on long‐term clinical outcome when RA is followed by DES implantation (Rota‐DES) in complex calcified lesions.

Methods and Results

Two hundred and five patients with de novo complex calcified coronary lesions treated with Rota‐DES were analyzed. Mean age was 69.7 ± 9.3 years, 63 patients (31%) had diabetes mellitus and 21 patients (10%) had chronic renal failure. Total stent length/patient was 32 mm. The majority of patients were treated with paclitaxel‐eluting stents (64%) or sirolimus‐eluting stents (30%). Angiographic success rate was 98%. The incidence of in‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR), was 4.4%. Long‐term follow‐up was available for 188 patients (92%). At a median follow‐up period of 15 months (range, 1–84), the cumulative incidence of MACE (Kaplan–Meier estimate) was 17.7%. Death occurred in 4.4%, MI in 3.4%, TVR in 9.9%, and target lesion revascularization (TLR) in 6.8%. One definite (0.5%) and one probable (0.5%) stent thrombosis were observed. In a multivariate analysis, low ejection fraction (<40%) was the only independent predictor of MACE, and both age and diabetes were independent predictors of TLR.

Conclusion

This study represents the largest European data set of patients treated with RA in the DES era. RA followed by DES implantation in calcified coronary lesions appears to be feasible and effective, with a high rate of procedural success and low incidence of TLR and MACE at long term considering this complex patient and lesion subset. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of different stent alloys on human vascular response to everolimus‐eluting stent: An optical coherence tomography study: The OCTEVEREST
Authors: Guagliumi Giulio , Capodanno Davide , Ikejima Hideyuki , Bezerra Hiram G. , Sirbu Vasile , Musumeci Giuseppe , Fiocca Luigi , Lortkipanidze Nikoloz , Vassileva Angelina , Tahara Satoko , Valsecchi Orazio , Costa Marco A.
Published: March 2012

Background

New generation drug‐eluting stents (DES) incorporate thinner struts and novel alloys to improve clinical performance. Nevertheless, the impact of novel stent materials and designs on human vascular response to DES remains elusive. We sought to evaluate the in‐vivo coronary artery response to platinum‐chromium (PtCr) versus cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) stents featuring the same durable polymer and antiproliferative drug by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods and Results

A total of 42 patients with de novo lesions in native coronary vessels was treated with PtCr‐everolimus eluting stent (EES; n = 21) or CoCr‐EES (n = 21). Angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and OCT were performed at the index procedure and 6‐month follow‐up. PtCr‐EES and CoCr‐EES had similar concentric expansion (stent eccentricity index; median 0.91 vs. 0.90, respectively, P = 0.47) and very low rate of strut malapposition (median 1.15 vs. 1.80%, P = 0.92) at post implantation. Proportion of struts embedded in tissue was lower in PtCr‐EES compared to CoCr‐EES (median 2.67 vs. 15.23%, P < 0.001). The primary prespecified end point, the percentage of uncovered struts per patient at 6 months follow‐up, was 8.46% [interquartile range (IQR) = 3.05–17.26] in PtCr‐EES and 5.88% (IQR = 1.35–13.27) in CoCr‐EES (P = 0.36), whereas malapposed struts were observed in 0.00% (IQR = 0.00–0.25) versus 0.48% (IQR = 0.00–1.44), respectively, (P = 0.10). Strut‐level neointimal thickness did not differ between the two platforms (median 0.09 vs. 0.08 mm, P = 0.49).

Conclusions

Acute and mid‐term responses to EES using PtCr or CoCr platforms were similar, with concentric stent expansion, low malapposition, similar strut coverage and limited amount of neointima. Conversely, at postprocedure, PtCr‐EES had fewer embedded struts compared with CoCr‐EES. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Five‐year clinical outcomes of a polymer‐free sirolimus‐eluting stent versus a permanent polymer paclitaxel‐eluting stent: Final results of the intracoronary stenting and angiographic restenosis – test equivalence between two drug‐eluting stents (ISAR‐TEST) trial
Authors: King Lamin , Byrne Robert A. , Mehilli Julinda , Schömig Albert , Kastrati Adnan , Pache Jurgen
Published: March 2012

Background

Limited evidence exists regarding the long‐term performance of polymer‐free (PF) drug‐eluting stents (DES) in comparison to permanent polymer DES. This study investigated the 5‐year efficacy and safety of a PF sirolimus‐eluting stent (PF‐SES) versus a permanent polymer paclitaxel‐eluting stent (PES) in the setting of the Intracoronary Stenting and Angiographic Restenosis‐Test Equivalence Between Two Drug‐Eluting Stents (ISAR‐TEST) randomized trial.

Methods and Results

A total of 450 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to receive either PF‐SES (Yukon, Translumina; n = 225) or PES (Taxus, Boston Scientific; n = 225). Clinical follow‐up was performed to 5 years after enrollment. The endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE), target lesion revascularization (TLR), the composite of death or any myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis (ST). The incidence of MACE at 5 years was 27.3% (57 patients) in the PF‐SES group and 31.7% (65 patients) in the PES group [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.87 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.61–1.24]; P = 0.40]. The combined incidence of death or MI was 16.6% (34 patients) in the PF‐SES group and 20.0% (39 patients) in the PES group (HR = 0.86 [95% CI = 0.54–1.36]; P = 0.52). The incidence of TLR was 16.5% (34 patients) in the PF‐SES group and 16.4% (33 patients) in the PES group (HR = 1.03 [95% CI = 0.64–1.66]; P = 0.89). ST occurred in 0.5% (one patient) in the PF‐SES group and 1.6% (three patients) in the PES group (HR = 0.33 [95% CI = 0.03–3.14]; P = 0.32).

Conclusion

Overall there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between PF‐SES and PES to 5 years. Extended follow‐up supports the durability of efficacy and safety of PF‐SES. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term luminal change after drug‐eluting stent implantation: Serial angiographic follow‐up study of the ZEST randomized trial
Authors: Park Gyung‐Min , Park Duk‐Woo , Kim Yong‐Giun , Cho Sung Won , Sun Byung‐Joo , Hwang Ki Won , Kim Yoo Ri , Ahn Jung‐Min , Song Hae‐Geun , Kim Won‐Jang , Lee Jong‐Young , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung
Published: March 2012

Objective

To evaluate long‐term patterns of luminal changes after implantation of different types of drug‐eluting stents (DES), we analyzed the serial angiographic outcomes of patients implanted with zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES), sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES), or paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES).

Background

Little is known regarding long‐term luminal changes after DES implantation.

Methods

As a subgroup analysis of the ZEST trial, we performed complete angiographic evaluation immediately after the procedure and at 9 months and 2 years in 111 patients with 165 lesions (36 patients with ZES, 40 with SES, and 35 with PES).

Results

Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics were similar among the three groups. Quantitative angiographic analysis revealed significant decreases in minimal luminal diameter 9 months after stent implantation in the ZES (from 2.71 ± 0.49 to 2.21 ± 0.42 mm, P < 0.001), SES (from 2.79 ± 0.49 to 2.58 ± 0.57 mm, P < 0.001), and PES (from 2.66 ± 0.45 to 2.19 ± 0.52 mm, P < 0.001) groups. However, significant late improvements with different degree in luminal diameter were observed between 9 months and 2 years in the ZES (from 2.21 ± 0.42 to 2.39 ± 0.58 mm, P = 0.001), SES (from 2.58 ± 0.57 to 2.66 ± 0.60 mm, P = 0.039), and PES (from 2.19 ± 0.52 to 2.43 ± 0.52 mm, P < 0.001) groups.

Conclusion

Serial angiographic follow‐up study revealed a biphasic luminal response after DES implantation, characterized by an early progression phase for the first 9 months and a late regression phase from 9 months to 2 years. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dehydroalkylation of Benzene with Ethane over Pt/H‐MFI in the Presence of Hydrogen Scavengers
Authors: Ordomskiy V. V. , Rodionova L. I. , Ivanova I. I. , Luck F.
Published: March 2012

The alkylation of benzene with ethane has been studied over the Pt/H‐MFI catalyst in the presence of intermetallic compounds and titanium as hydrogen acceptors. The addition of hydrogen scavengers shifts the thermodynamic equilibrium of the reaction and allows for an improvement in the catalytic activity. In the presence of Ti, Zr2Fe, and ZrV2, the initial conversion of ethane increases by 5–7 times with respect to the neat catalyst. However, the positive effect of hydrogen acceptors decreased with time on stream, owing to saturation of their capacity.
Fabrication of Rice‐Like Porous Anatase TiO2 with High Thermal Stability and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Sun Fanfei , Zhou Wei , Tian Guohui , Pan Kai , Miao Xiaohuan , Li Ying , Zhang Guoliang , Li Ting , Fu Honggang
Published: March 2012

Rice‐like porous anatase TiO2 with high crystallinity has been successfully synthesized by means of a facile hydrothermal method with the inorganic precursor titanyl sulfate, followed by calcination at higher temperature. The structures of the prepared TiO2 nanocrystals are characterized in detail by using XRD, Raman spectra, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SEM, and TEM. Experimental results indicate that the anatase crystalline structure could be maintained up to 800 °C, which is attributed to the protection of S‐containing species that are produced in situ during the hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate. They hinder the undesirable grain growth and aggregation, inhibit the anatase–rutile phase transformation, and protect the porous structure from collapse during the calcination process. The rice‐like porous anatase TiO2, after calcination at 700 °C, exhibits better photocatalytic activity than Degussa P 25 TiO2 in the degradation of highly toxic 2,4‐dichlorophenol under UV light irradiation. This improvement was attributed to the porous structure, which offers more active sites and facilitates mass transport, and the high crystallinity that favors the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which is confirmed by analysis of surface photovoltage spectra.
The Nature of the [TTF].+⋅⋅⋅[TTF].+ Interactions in the [TTF]22+ Dimers Embedded in Charged [3]Catenanes: Room‐Temperature Multicenter Long Bonds
Authors: Capdevila‐Cortada Marçal , Novoa Juan J.
Published: March 2012

The properties of tetrathiafulvalene dimers ([TTF]22+) and the functionalized ring‐shaped bispropargyl (BPP)‐functionalized TTF dimers, [BPP–TTF]22+, found at room temperature in charged [3]catenanes, were evaluated by M06L calculations. The results showed that their isolated [TTF]22+ and [BPP–TTF]22+ dimers are energetically unstable towards dissociation. When enclosed in the 4+‐charged central cyclophane ring of charged [3]catenanes (CBPQT4+), [TTF]22+ and [BPP–TTF]22+ dimers are also energetically unstable with respect to leaving the CBPQT4+ ring; since the barrier for the exiting process is only about 3 kcal mol−1, that is, within the reach of thermal energies at room temperature (neutral [TTF]20 dimers are stable within the CBPQT4+ ring). However, the [BPP–TTF]22+ dimers in charged [3]catenanes cannot exit, because this would imply breaking the covalent bonds of the BPP–TTF+ macrocycle. Finally, it was shown that the [TTF]22+, [BPP–TTF]22+ dimers, and charged [3]catenanes are energetically stable in solution and in crystals of their salts, in the first case due to the interactions with the solvent, and in the second case mostly due to cation–anion interactions. In these environmental conditions at room temperature the TTF units of the [BPP–TTF]22+ dimers make short contacts, thus allowing their SOMO orbitals to overlap: a room‐temperature multicenter long bond is formed, similar to those previously found in other [TTF]22+ salts and their solutions.
Electron Attachment to Solvated dGpdG: Effects of Stacking on Base‐Centered and Phosphate‐Centered Valence‐Bound Radical Anions
Authors: Gu Jiande , Liang Guoming , Xie Yaoming , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: March 2012

To explore the nature of electron attachment to guanine‐centered DNA single strands in the presence of a polarizable medium, a theoretical investigation of the DNA oligomer dinucleoside phosphate deoxyguanylyl‐3′,5′‐deoxyguanosine (dGpdG) was performed by using density functional theory. Four different electron‐distribution patterns for the radical anions of dGpdG in aqueous solution have been located as local minima on the potential energy surface. The excess electron is found to reside on the proton of the phosphate group (dGpH−dG), or on the phosphate group (dGp.−dG), or on the nucleobase at the 5′ position (dG.−pdG), or on the nucleobase at the 3′ position (dGpdG.−), respectively. These four radical anions are all expected to be electronically viable species under the influence of the polarizable medium. The predicted energetics of the radical anions follows the order dGp.−dG>dG.−pdG>dGpdG.−>dGpH−dG. The base–base stacking pattern in DNA single strands seems unaffected by electron attachment. On the contrary, intrastrand H‐bonding is greatly influenced by electron attachment, especially in the formation of base‐centered radical anions. The intrastrand H‐bonding patterns revealed in this study also suggest that intrastrand proton transfer might be possible between successive guanines due to electron attachment to DNA single strands.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of BaTaO2N Photocatalyst for Enhanced Non‐Sacrificial Hydrogen Evolution from Water under Visible Light by Forming a Solid Solution with BaZrO3.
Authors: Matoba Tamaki , Maeda Kazuhiko , Domen Kazunari
Published: March 2012

The activity of BaTaO2N for non‐sacrificial H2 evolution from water is improved by formation of a solid solution with BaZrO3 prepared by modifying Ba—Ta oxide particles with Ba—Zr oxide followed by nitridation at 1223 K for 20 h under flowing NH3.
ChemInform Abstract: A Zinc Phosphate Structure with Unusual Double‐Sheet Layers Templated by a Cobalt Hexaammine Complex.
Authors: Han Yide , Li Yi , Yu Jihong , Pan Qinhe , Xu Ruren
Published: March 2012

Large single crystals of the new compound [Co(NH3)6]3 [Zn8(HPO4)8(PO4)2] (PO4) are synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Zn(OAc)2, Co(NH3)6Cl3, and H3PO4 (H2O, autoclave, 110 °C, 6 d).
ChemInform Abstract: New Five‐Coordinate Ru(II) Phosphoramidite Complexes and Their Catalytic Activity in Propargylic Amination Reactions.
Authors: Widaman Andria K. , Rath Nigam P. , Bauer Eike B.
Published: March 2012

A new five‐coordinate square pyramidal Ru—phosphoramidite is prepared and successfully applied in the amination of propargylic acetates (I) with secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of N‐Substituted Anilines from Nitroaromatics and Alcohols under H2 by Alumina‐Supported Silver Cluster Catalysts.
Authors: Shimizu Kenichi , Shimura Katsuya , Nishimura Masanari , Satsuma Atsushi
Published: March 2012

The direct synthesis of N‐benzyl‐substituted anilines is achieved for the first time by reaction of nitrobenzenes (I) with benzylic alcohols (II) in the presence of a heterogeneous Ag—Al2O3 catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfamic Acid: An Efficient, Cost‐Effective and Green Catalyst for Crossed‐Aldol Condensation of Ketones with Aromatic Aldehydes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Rostami Amin , Ahmad‐Jangi Firoz
Published: March 2012

The procedure is generally efficient for the transformations, but requires different reaction temperature and time.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium(IV) Chloride Mediated Intramolecular Ring Enlargement of Methylenecyclopropanes with Propargylic Esters: A Concise Synthesis of Bicyclo[4.2.0]oct‐5‐ene Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Shi Min
Published: March 2012

Carbocyclization of enyne derivatives (I) and (IV) under mild conditions offers a novel synthetic route to bicyclic N‐heterocycles (II)/(III) as important scaffolds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of Amiloride Analogues as Inhibitors of the Urokinase‐Type Plasminogen Activator (uPA).
Authors: Matthews Hayden , Ranson Marie , Tyndall Joel D. A. , Kelso Michael J.
Published: March 2012

Amiloride analogues (VI) are the most potent compounds identified in the study with nearly 6‐fold increase in potency relative to amiloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of 3‐Phosphorylquinolin‐4‐ones and 3‐Phosphoryl‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐4‐ones.
Authors: Kedzia Jacek , Modranka Jakub , Janecki Tomasz
Published: March 2012

A new four step sequence from readily available substrates (I) faciliates the synthesis of the title compounds (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Reactions of Indolysines
Authors: Yanilkin V. V. , Nastapova N. V. , Kalinin A. A. , Mamedov V. A.
Published: March 2012

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Analytical Tools for the Analysis of Carotenoids in Diverse Materials
Authors: Rivera S. M. , Canela‐Garayoa R.
Published: March 2012

Review: 99 refs.
Shedding Light on Intermolecular Metal–Organic Ring Interactions by Theoretical Studies
Authors: Konidaris Konstantis F. , Tsipis Athanassios C. , Kostakis George E.
Published: March 2012

Metal–organic ring interactions (MORi) represent a kind of supramolecular interaction with a stacking character, which is formed between five and/or six‐membered chelated rings; the latter occur when a pseudopeptidic‐type of ligand (malonamide‐N,N′‐dicarboxylic acid) chelates to CuII which favors a square‐planar geometry. So far, a series of CuM compounds (M=Ca, Ln) with diverse structural characteristics have been isolated, varying from discrete coordination clusters to multidimensional polymers; their common feature is the presence of five and six‐membered chelated rings stacked together. In this study, the nature of MORi was investigated at the DFT level (B3LYP‐D/TZ2P) by using an energy decomposition analysis (EDA) of the interaction energy between the two CuII complexes in the dimeric monomer unit chosen. The EDA calculations showed that the intermolecular interactions in three heterometallic CuM compounds (M=Li, Na, Ca) arise from dispersion forces, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonds.
MRI Paramagnetic Probes for Cellular Labeling
Authors: Gianolio Eliana , Stefania Rachele , Di Gregorio Enza , Aime Silvio
Published: March 2012

This review discusses the main procedures that have been developed for pursuing the task of an efficient cellular labelling with paramagnetic metal complexes for MRI detection. Although most of the work deals with GdIII‐based relaxation enhancers it is shown that the emerging class of paraCEST agents can allow the visualization of more cell types in the same MR image. To improve the detection of labelled cells, it is often necessary to deal with the use of nano‐sized carriers able to deliver a large number of paramagnetic metal complexes. Finally, selected examples are reported to show how proper design of the paramagnetic complex can offer the way to acquire key information on underlying processes in the labelled cells.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Homochiral Homo‐Oligomers of cis‐γ‐Methoxy‐Substituted cis‐ and trans‐Furanoid‐β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Giri Awadut G. , Jogdand Ganesh F. , Rajamohanan Pattuparampil R. , Pandey Sunil K. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: March 2012

Herein we describe the synthesis of cis‐/trans‐3‐aminotetrahydrofuran‐2‐carboxylic acids (cis‐/trans‐FAA) having a γ‐methoxy group cis to the amine. The homo‐oligomers of these two diastereomeric FAAs have been prepared. Preliminary investigation of their solution secondary structures revealed that they are the same as the homo‐oligomers of the parent cis‐/trans‐FAA with the methoxy group only being a spectator substituent.
Expeditious Racemic and Enantiodivergent Synthesis of 1‐Deoxymannojirimycin and 1,4‐Dideoxymannojirimycin
Authors: Scarpi Dina , Bartali Laura , Casini Andrea , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: March 2012

The racemic and enantiodivergent syntheses of 1‐deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ) and 1,4‐dideoxymannojirimycin have been realized through key enamide ester intermediates obtained by converting cis‐4,5‐dihydroxylated δ‐valerolactam derivatives into the corresponding enol phosphates and subjecting them to Pd‐catalyzed methoxycarbonylation. Further elaborations of these intermediates included stereocontrolled catalytic hydrogenation, for the synthesis of racemic 1,4‐dideoxymannojirimycin, and hydroboration/oxidation, for the synthesis of DMJ. Enantiodivergency was attained by optical resolution before exhaustive functional group deprotection, through the formation of diastereomeric camphanic esters. As the key racemic intermediate esters were easily prepared in a few steps on a large scale, and the final chromatographic separation of the camphanic esters was straightforward, this approach represents a convenient way to obtain both enantiomers of DMJ for medicinal chemistry studies.
[3+2] Cycloaddition of Dialkyl (E)‐Hex‐2‐en‐4‐ynedioates to [60]Fullerene by Phosphane‐Promoted Tandem α(δ′)‐Michael Additions
Authors: Chuang Shih‐Ching , Deng Jie‐Cheng , Chan Fu‐Wei , Chen Sheng‐Yuan , Huang Wei‐Je , Lai Li‐Hsiang , Rajeshkumar Venkatachalam
Published: March 2012

Organophosphanes promote the [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of dialkyl (E)‐hex‐2‐en‐4‐ynedioates and [60]fullerene, giving a series of cyclopenteno‐fullerenes 3a–k bearing phosphorus ylides. This cycloaddition reaction is initiated by the attack of nucleophilic phosphanes at the α(δ′)‐C atom of the dialkyl (E)‐hex‐2‐en‐4‐ynedioate, which generates a 1,3‐dipolar species. These 1,3‐dipoles then react with C60 followed by intramolecular cyclization to give cyclopenteno‐fullerenes in moderate‐to‐good yields. In a cyclic voltmmetry study, these novel fullerenes show a larger cathodic shift in their first reduction potential relative to [6,6]phenyl‐C61 methyl butyrate, which indicates that these new derivatives possess higher LUMO energy levels.
Single‐Step, Regioselective Synthesis of Diazadioxacalix[4]arenes and Diazadioxa[14]cyclophanes Bearing an Alternating N/O‐Bridge Pattern
Authors: Bizier Nicholas P. , Vernamonti Jack P. , Katz Jeffrey L.
Published: March 2012

Described is a single‐step synthesis of diazadioxacalix[4]arenes and diazadioxa[14]cyclophanes bearing an alternating N/O‐bridge substitution pattern. The macrocycles are formed regioselectively by condensation of 3‐ or 4‐aminophenols with 1,5‐difluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene. Conformational properties of the macrocyclic products are discussed, as well as mechanistic details of the synthesis leading to the observed bridge‐pattern selectivity.
Building trust in climate science: data products for the 21st century
Authors: Chandler Richard E. , Thorne Peter , Lawrimore Jay , Willett Kate
Published: March 2012

Climate science has a key role to play in informing strategies for adapting to and mitigating the effects of climate change. However, given the magnitude of the issues involved and their implications, it is imperative that the scientific process is–and is seen to be—rigorous, defensible, and transparent so as to ensure trust in the results. A key element in building such trust is to provide access to underlying data, so that interested parties can check published results and compare with their own analyses. A further priority is to provide data at the fine space and time scales that are relevant for user needs. Until recently, the ability to meet these requirements has been constrained by data‐sharing agreements and limitations on digital storage and processing. This is now changing however, thanks to improved global collaboration, communication and computing capability. This article describes current efforts to exploit these opportunities via the International Surface Temperature Initiative, an international and multidisciplinary effort that aims: firstly, to create a single comprehensive global databank of surface meteorological observations at monthly, daily, and sub‐daily resolutions; and secondly, to encourage the contribution of multiple independent data products, subject to common performance assessment and benchmarking criteria, thus providing the opportunity for a detailed assessment of uncertainties. The rationale for the initiative is discussed, along with logistical and technical challenges, as well as opportunities for involvement from the statistical and wider scientific and user communities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural changes when actions change: Adaptation of strong and weak expectations
Authors: Schiffer Anne‐Marike , Ahlheim Christiane , Ulrichs Kirstin , Schubotz Ricarda I.
Published: March 2012

Repeated experiences with an event create the expectation that subsequent events will expose an analog structure. These spontaneous expectations rely on an internal model of the event that results from learning. But what happens when events change? Do experience‐based internal models get adapted instantaneously, or is model adaptation a function of the solidity of, i.e., familiarity with, the corresponding internal model? The present fMRI study investigated the effects of model solidity on model adaptation in an action observation paradigm. Subjects were made acquainted with a set of action movies that displayed an altered script when encountered again in the scanning session. We found model adaptation to result in an attenuation of the premotor‐parietal network for action observation. Model solidity was found to modulate activation in the parahippocampal gyrus and the anterior cerebellar lobules, where increased solidity correlated with activity increase. Finally, the comparison between early and late stages of learning indicated an effect of model solidity on adaptation rate. This contrast revealed the involvement of a fronto‐mesial network of Brodmann area 10 and the ACC in those states of learning that were signified by high model solidity, no matter if the memorized original or the altered action model was the more solid component. Findings suggest that the revision of an internal model is dependent on its familiarity. Unwarranted adaptations, but also perseverations may thus be prevented. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quercetin in elimination of tumor initiating stem‐like and mesenchymal transformation property in head and neck cancer
Authors: Chang Wen–Wei , Hu Fang–Wei , Yu Cheng–Chia , Wang Hsiu–Huan , Feng Hsiang–Pu , Lan Chih , Tsai Lo–Lin , Chang Yu–Chao
Published: March 2012

Background

Previously, we enriched a subpopulation of head and neck cancer–derived tumor initiating cells (HNC‐TICs) presented high tumorigenic, chemo‐radioresistant, and coupled with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of quercetin on HNC‐TICs.

Method

ALDH1 activity of head and neck cancer cells with quercetin treatment was assessed by the Aldefluor assay flow cytometry analysis. Self‐renewal, invasiveness, and EMT capability of HNC‐TICs with different doses of quercetin was presented.

Results

We first observed that the treatment of quercetin significantly downregulated the ALDH1 activity of head and neck cancer cells in a dose‐dependent manner (p < .05). Moreover, quercetin reduced self‐renewal property and stemness signatures expression in head and neck cancer‐derived sphere cells. The migration ability of head and neck cancer‐derived sphere cells was lessened under quercetin treatment partially due to the decreased productions of Twist, N‐cadherin, and vimentin.

Conclusion

Quercetin suppressing HNC‐TICs characteristics may therefore be valuable therapeutics clinically in combination with standard treatment modalities. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Prudential, Pragmatic, and Prescient, Reform of Bank Resolution Schemes
Authors: Sarra Janis
Published: March 2012

This article examines current initiatives in respect of bank financial distress in response to the 2008‐2009 financial crisis, suggesting that there is considerably more work to be undertaken before bank regulatory oversight, bank corporate governance, and bank resolution regimes have the appropriate preventive safeguards, governance, and timely, efficient and fair responses to bank financial distress. The corporate governance of banks and other financial institutions differs from the governance of corporations because of prudential regulation, banks' significance to the financial system, the different nature of stakeholders with investments at risk, and the existence of deposit insurance. The article offers a number of policy options in respect of how banks and other financial institutions could enhance their prudential, prescient, and pragmatic oversight and governance in a way that protects creditors, deposit holders, and other stakeholders, as well as the public interest in a healthy and sustainable financial sector. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the covalently immobilized amyloglucosidase on macroporous polymer by mathematical modeling of the pH optima
Authors: Milosavić Nenad , Bogdanović Pristov Jelena , Veličković Dušan V. , Dimitrijević Aleksandra S. , Kalauzi Aleksandar , Radotić Ksenija
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: A totally new approach has been applied for mathematical modeling of the enzyme activity/pH relationship, for quantification and distribution of enzyme activity in and out of carrier pores. This is a very simple and elegant method for determination of the distribution of enzyme molecules on the surface and inside the particles, simply through measurement of enzyme activity at different pH values.

RESULTS: Amyloglucosidase (AG) from Aspergillus niger was covalently immobilized onto poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) by the glutaraldehyde and periodate methods. Mathematical modeling of the pH optima for two types of covalently immobilized AG resulted in higher enzyme amounts on the surface within periodate immobilizate (67%) in comparison with glutaraldehyde immobilizate (53%). These values are modified to 64.25% for periodate immobilizate and 49.95% for glutaraldehyde immobilizate when diffusion effects are taken into account.

CONCLUSION: The mathematical model applied enabled observation of the difference between the two types of coupling agents and different immobilization procedures throughout quantification of the immobilized enzyme on the matrix surface and inside pores. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Human herpesvirus 8 shedding in the mouth and blood of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Al‐Otaibi Lubna M. , Moles David R. , Porter Stephen R. , Teo Chong‐Gee
Published: March 2012

In Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of transplantation‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is high, and there is disparity in the prevalence rates of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) infection between patients with renal disease and the general population. It was hypothesized that oral HHV‐8 transmission among patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment contributes to the high prevalence of infection in renal disease patients. The detection rates of anti‐HHV8‐IgG in plasma and HHV‐8‐DNA in CD45(+)‐peripheral blood cells of 72 hemodialysis patients were compared first with those of 178 blood donors and 60 pregnant women. Between the hemodialysis patients and the apparently healthy people sampled, the detection rate of anti‐HHV‐8‐IgG was 16.7% versus 0.4% (P < 0.001) and that of HHV‐8‐DNA was 4.2% versus 0.4%, (P < 0.05). HHV‐8 DNA was determined in oral samples and the HHV‐8 viral load measured in saliva of patients undergoing hemodialysis. The amount of virus shed into saliva ranged between 8,600 and 119,562,500 (mean: 24,009,360) genome‐equivalents/ml among the five patients in whom oral HHV‐8 DNA was detected. Finally, HHV‐8‐subgenomic sequencing was conducted which showed that orally shed HHV‐8 in four patients belonged to genotype C2, and in one patient to genotypes A1 and C2. HHV‐8 shed in the mouth of hemodialysis patients may be extensive and diverse. Oral fluid in addition to blood is thus a likely vehicle for transmission of HHV‐8, possibly contributing to the high risk of HHV‐8 infection in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to KS following immunosuppression after renal transplantation. J. Med. Virol. 84:792–797, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates fracture healing by stimulation of recruitment of both local and circulating osteogenic progenitors
Authors: Kumagai Ken , Takeuchi Ryohei , Ishikawa Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Fujisawa Takahiro , Kuniya Takashi , Takagawa Shu , Muschler George F. , Saito Tomoyuki
Published: March 2012

We investigated the effect of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the homing of circulating osteogenic progenitors to the fracture site. Parabiotic animals were formed by surgically conjoining a green fluorescent protein (GFP) mouse and a syngeneic wild‐type mouse. A transverse femoral fracture was made in the contralateral hind limb of the wild‐type partner. The fracture site was exposed to daily LIPUS in the treatment group. Animals without LIPUS treatment served as the control group. Radiological assessment showed that the hard callus area was significantly greater in the LIPUS group than in the control group at 2 and 4 weeks post‐fracture. Histomorphometric analysis at the fracture site showed a significant increase of GFP cells in the LIPUS group after 2 weeks (7.5%), compared to the control group (2.4%) (p < 0.05). The LIPUS group exhibited a significantly higher percentage of GFP cells expressing alkaline phosphatase (GFP/AP) than the control group at 2 weeks post‐fracture (5.9%, 0.3%, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of GFP/AP cells between the LIPUS group (2.0%) and the control group (1.4%) at 4 weeks post‐fracture. Stromal cell derived factor‐1 and CXCR4 were immunohistochemically identified at the fracture site in the LIPUS group. These data indicate that LIPUS induced the homing of circulating osteogenic progenitors to the fracture site for possible contribution to new bone formation. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1516–1521, 2012
The formation of an antitubercular complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3− through mercury(II)‐catalyzed ligand substitution reaction: A kinetic and mechanistic study
Authors: Naik Radhey M. , Prasad Surendra , Yadav Shiv B. S. , Rastogi R. , Tiwari R. K.
Published: March 2012

The kinetics and mechanism of the formation of an antitubercular complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3− based on the substitution reaction between K4[Fe(CN)6] and isoniazid (INH), i.e., isonicotinohydrazide, catalyzed by Hg2+ in aqueous medium was studied spectrophotometrically at 435 nm (the λmax of the golden‐yellow‐colored complex [Fe(CN)5(INH)]3−) as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the concentration of the reactants and the catalyst. The replacement of coordinated CN− in [Fe(CN)6]4− was facilitated by incoming ligand INH under the optimized reaction conditions: pH 3.5 ± 0.02, temperature = 30.0 ± 0.1°C, and ionic strength I = 0.05 M (KNO3). The stoichiometry of the reaction and the stability constant of the complex ([Fe(CN)5(INH)]3−) have been established as 1:1 and 2.10 × 103 M, respectively. The rate of catalyzed reaction was found to be slow at low pH values, to increase with increasing pH, to attain a maximum value at 3.50 ± 0.02, and finally to decrease after pH > 3.5 due to less availability of H+ ions needed to regenerate the catalytic species. The initial rates were evaluated for each variation from the absorbance versus time curves. The reaction was found to be pseudo‐first order with respect to [INH] and first order with respect to [Fe(CN)64−] at lower concentration, whereas it was found to be fractional order at higher [INH] and [Fe(CN)64−]. The ionic strength dependence study showed a negative salt effect on the rate of the reaction. Based on experimental results, a mechanism for the studied reaction is proposed. The rate equation derived from this mechanism explains all the experimental observations. The evaluated values of activation parameters for the catalyzed reaction suggest an interchange dissociative (Id) mechanism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 398–406, 2012
Prevention of de novo hepatitis B with adefovir dipivoxil in recipients of liver grafts from hepatitis B core antibody–positive donors
Authors: Chang Matthew S. , Olsen Sonja K. , Pichardo Elsa M. , Heese Scott , Stiles Jessica B. , Abdelmessih Rita , Verna Elizabeth C. , Guarrera James V. , Emond Jean C. , Brown Robert S.
Published: March 2012

Lamivudine has been shown to prevent de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections in liver transplantation (LT) patients receiving hepatitis B core antibody–positive (HBcAb+) grafts, but it may produce long-term resistance. Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) might be effective in preventing de novo hepatitis and resistance. A single-center, prospective trial was conducted with 16 adults (10 men and 6 women, mean age = 54 ± 11 years) who underwent LT with HBcAb+ grafts between September 2007 and October 2009. After LT, patients were given ADV [10 mg daily (adjusted for renal function)]. No hepatitis B immune globulin was administered. At LT, all graft recipients were hepatitis B surface antigen–negative (HBsAg−), 38% were surface antibody–positive (HBsAb+), and 50% were HBcAb+. The median follow-up after LT was 1.8 years (range = 1.0–2.6 years). All recipients had undetectable HBV DNA (<40 IU/mL) after LT until the end of follow-up. One recipient (6%) who was HBsAb− and HBcAb− before LT became HBsAg+ after 52 weeks. One recipient was switched from ADV to entecavir for chronic renal insufficiency, and 19% of the patients had renal dose adjustments. There was a nonsignificant trend of increasing creatinine levels over time (1.2 mg/dL at LT, 1.3 mg/dL 1 year after LT, and 2.0 mg/dL 2 years after LT, P = 0.27). A comparison with a control cohort of LT recipients with hepatitis C virus who did not receive ADV showed no difference in the creatinine levels at LT or 1 year after LT. In conclusion, ADV prophylaxis prevents HBV replication in recipients of HBcAb+ livers but does not fully protect recipients from de novo HBV. Long-term follow-up is needed to better determine the risk of de novo infection. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Hemodynamics-compliant reconstruction of the right hepatic vein for adult living donor liver transplantation with a right liver graft
Authors: Hwang Shin , Ha Tae-Yong , Ahn Chul-Soo , Moon Deok-Bog , Song Gi-Won , Kim Ki-Hun , Jung Dong-Hwan , Park Gil-Chun , Sung Kyu-Bo , Ko Gi-Young , Kim Kyoung Won , Cho Byungchul , Namgoong Jung-Man , Jung Sung-Won , Yoon Sam-Youl , Park Chun-Soo , Park Yo-Han , Park Hyeong-Woo , Lee Hyo-Jun , Lee Sung-Gyu
Published: March 2012

Secure reconstruction of the right hepatic vein (RHV) is essential for the successful implantation of a right liver graft during living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). To develop reliable surgical techniques for RHV reconstruction, we performed 3 concurrent studies: a simulation study using a fluid dynamics experimental model and a computational simulation model; an observational study analyzing the hemodynamic changes during radiological interventions for RHV stenosis; and a prospective clinical study establishing hemodynamics-compliant surgical techniques. The simplified fluid dynamics experimental model revealed that actually measured outflow volumes were very similar to theoretical values derived from a fluid dynamics formula. The computational simulation model showed that outflow decreases were nearly linearly correlated with the degree of stenosis when it exceeded 50%. The clinical observational study revealed that mild (≤50%), moderate (50%-75%), and severe RHV stenoses (≥75%) had mean pressure gradients of 2.5 ± 1.0, 6.6 ± 2.3, and 9.6 ± 2.8 mm Hg, respectively. The prospective clinical study was performed for patients who underwent RHV reconstruction with RHV angle blunting and inferior vena cava enlargement (n = 274); a historical control group of patients who underwent reconstruction by other methods (n = 225) was also used. RHV stenting within 2 weeks and 1 year was necessary for 1 patient (0.4%) and 5 patients (1.8%) in the study group, respectively, and for 9 patients (4.0%) and 21 patients (9.1%) in the control group, respectively (P < 0.01). The mean cephalocaudal length of patulous RHV anastomoses was greater in the study group versus the control group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our modified RHV reconstruction technique significantly reduces the risk of RHV stenosis. We thus suggest the routine or selective use of this technique as a part of graft standardization for LDLT using a right liver graft. Liver Transpl, 2012. © 2012 AASLD.
Steel your purpose
Authors: Baldoni John
Published: March 2012

Despite incessant time demands, today's leaders must take time for self‐reflection and careful thought about the future of their life and that of their organization. Baldoni presents this thinking as a “combination of assessment, diagnosis, reflection, and prioritization.” Leaders can aid self‐development through such areas as taking a sabbatical and rethinking roles and responsibilities. It is not necessary to abandon the traits that have led to success. But Baldoni believes that “the challenge becomes finding ways to channel that energy in new and direct ways, so that you lead more appropriately and effectively.”