bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Anglicisms in Spanish Television Commercials of Cosmetics, Hygiene and Personal Care Products
Authors: Rodríguez-Medina María Jesús
Published: August 2016

This paper analyses the use of English in Spanish television commercials, since no scientific studies have been carried out so far in this field. Although there are a few similar studies of print media, our review of the literature has shown some gaps in the research on Anglicisms used in advertising. English seems to be widely present in television commercials in Spain for different reasons. Marketing and cost-saving strategies of multinational companies together with the prestige of the English language and Anglo-American culture in Spain are some of the primary causes. In our study, we have focused on a corpus of pure Anglicisms (English words which have not been adapted to Spanish) and pseudo-Anglicisms (terms that do not exist in English, though they are similar to English words), found in commercials related to cosmetics, hygiene and personal care products, as part of the research project “Globalisation and Impact of the Anglo-American Culture on Spain”. Five hundred and thirty one commercials of the three main private national television channels in Spain (Tele5, Antena3, LaSexta) and children’s Disney Channel (Spain) were compiled in 2013. The results confirm a considerable presence of pure Anglicisms, English-Spanish code switching, pseudo-Anglicisms and Anglo-American imagery and music in the advertising of products related to cosmetics, hygiene and personal care on Spanish television. Consequently, the link of these products to the prestige of the English-speaking world is reinforced.
PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND THE BODY FAT TOPOGRAPHY IN CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Bertapelli Fabio , Gorla José Irineu , Silva Fábia Freire da , Costa Leonardo Trevisan
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de obesidade e topografia da gordura corporal em crianças eadolescentes com idade entre 6 e 19 anos de idade de ambos os sexos com síndrome de Down nomunicípio de Campinas, São Paulo. Método: Foram realizadas nove medidas antropométricas,incluindo peso, estatura, dobras cutâneas tricipital, bicipital, subescapular, supra-ilíaca, abdominal,coxa e perna. Para determinação do percentual de gordura foram utilizadas as equações de prediçãode Slaughter et al. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado através do pacote computadorizado RCommander 1.6-3, sendo utilizada estatística descritiva (mediana e percentis 25 e 75), teste deMann-Whitney e teste t para comparação entre grupos etários, ao nível de 5% (p d” 0,05).Resultados: A maioria dos indivíduos apresentou excesso de gordura corporal, sendo encontradosvalores superiores no sexo feminino. A obesidade entre os meninos não foi uma característicaproeminente, diferentemente dos demais grupos etários que apresentaram quadros elevados deobesidade. Quanto à topografia da gordura, a maioria apresentou maior concentração de gordura nacoxa e menor depósito na região do bíceps. Na transição entre a infância e a adolescência, foipossível verificar que meninos e rapazes diferem quanto às quantidades de tecido adiposo. Comrelação às meninas e moças, não foram observadas diferenças significativas. Conclusão: A avaliaçãoda prevalência de obesidade e topografia da gordura subcutânea são recursos importantes parasubsidiar pesquisadores e profissionais que atuam diretamente na melhora da qualidade de vida decrianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARDIAC AUTONOMIC REGULATION AND AUDITORY MECHANISMS: IMPORTANCE FOR GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Valenti Vitor E. , Guida Heraldo L. , Monteiro Carlos Bandeira de Mello , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. , Ferreira Lucas Lima , Ferreira Celso , Carvalho Tatiana Dias de , Roque Adriano L. , Silva Talita Dias da , Manhabusque Katia Valeria , Abreu Luiz Carlos De
Published: August 2016

A literatura já demonstrou que a estimulação auditiva por meio de música influencia o sistemacardiovascular. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de investigar a relaçãoentre os mecanismos auditivos e a regulação autonômica cardíaca. Os estudos selecionados indicaramforte correlação entre a intensidade do ruído e o equilíbrio simpatovagal. Além disso, foi relatadoque a terapia com música melhorou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes com câncerde mama tratados com antraciclinas. Postula-se que a dopamina liberada no sistema estriatal,induzida por canções alegres, está envolvida na regulação autonômica. Estudos posteriores sãonecessários para adicionar novos elementos na literatura, para melhorar a novas terapias e para otratar doenças cardiovasculares.
INTER-SECTOR ACTIONS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS IN CHILDREN EDUCATION: TEACHER’S ASSESSMENTS AND STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Nascimento Edinalva Neves , Gimeniz-Paschoal Sandra Regina , Sebastião Luciana Tavares , Ferreira Natália Paula
Published: August 2016

As políticas públicas de saúde e de educação privilegiam a escola para atividades de prevenção dedoenças e promoção da saúde. Objetivo: este estudo descreve uma ação intersetorial de prevençãode acidentes infantis, as opiniões do professor e conhecimentos dos alunos envolvidos. Método: foirealizado em uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil do interior paulista. Participaram 30 alunosdo Pré II, entre cinco e seis anos, e a professora, mediante Termo de Consentimento assinado. Asações ocorreram na sala de aula. Foram utilizados questionários com a professora e materiais didáticoscom as crianças, elaborados por estagiárias de Fonoaudiologia, que também conduziram as açõesna escola. Resultados: os resultados mostraram ampliação de conhecimentos sobre riscos paraacidentes infantis e formas de prevenção pelas crianças e professora. Conclusões: a atividadeeducativa foi avaliada positivamente pelos dois segmentos de participantes, sendo sugestiva paraoutras turmas e/ou escolas, com a parceria de profissionais da saúde e da educação.
Biological oxygen sensing via two-photon absorption by an Ir(III) complex using a femtosecond fiber laser
Authors: Moritomo Hiroki , Fujii Akinari , Suzuki Yasutaka , Yoshihara Toshitada , Tobita Seiji , Kawamata Jun
Published: August 2016

Near-infrared two-photon absorption of the phosphorescent Ir(III) complex (2,4-pentanedionato-κO
2,κO
4)bis[2-(6-phenanthridinyl-κN)benzo[b]thien-3-yl-κC]iridium (BTPHSA) was characterized. It exhibited a 800–1200 nm two-photon absorption band, and thus could be electronically excited by 1030-nm femtosecond Ti:sapphire and Yb-doped fiber lasers. By using BTPHSA, oxygen concentrations in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were imaged. These results demonstrate two-photon oxygen sensing of live tissues via easily operable excitation sources.
Sub-10 ns single-shot dynamic recording in holographic polymeric medium by nonlinear absorption using excited state absorption process
Authors: Kamada Kenji , Satoh Kazuyuki , Tanaka Yoshito
Published: August 2016

Optical recording by a single shot of an 8 ns laser pulse in a dye-doped holographic polymeric medium was demonstrated with a peak power as low as 71 W at a wavelength of 402 nm. Nonlinear absorption triggered by two-photon absorption and enhanced by the succeeding process allows high-speed recording corresponding to 125 Mbps (3.4 times the recording speed of a Blu-ray Disc). The preformed holographic grating in the medium enhanced the readout signal through diffraction, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio of about 15 dB. The recording capacity was estimated at ca. 80 GB/side for 100 µm/side by recording 20 layers, but that of over TB/side class would be possible for optical optimization. Theoretically, it can be improved to 10 TB/side for 800 µm/side by recording 400 layers.
Local structure analysis of NaNbO3 and AgNbO3 modified by Li substitution
Authors: Yoneda Yasuhiro , Aoyagi Rintaro , Fu Desheng
Published: August 2016

We analyzed the local structures of NaNbO3 and AgNbO3 by combining the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and atomic pair-distribution function (PDF) techniques. NaNbO3 is known to be an antiferroelectric material at room temperature. It also undergoes a diffuse phase transition, in which orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases coexist over a wide temperature range. We found a disordered feature in the nearest-neighbor bond distance corresponding to the Nb–O bonds. The disordered bond distribution disappeared when Li was substituted for Na. A similar disorder feature was found in AgNbO3. The disordered site can be specified by combining XAFS and PDF techniques. The sequences of disordered and complex phase transitions are attributable to the competition between the tolerance of the AO12 cage and the tilt of NbO6 octahedra.
Microsatellite loci in the tiger shark and cross-species amplification using pyrosequencing technology
Authors: Mendes Natália J. , Cruz Vanessa P. , Ashikaga Fernando Y. , Camargo Sâmia M. , Oliveira Claudio , Piercy Andrew N. , Burgess George H. , Coelho Rui , Santos Miguel N. , Mendonça Fernando F. , Foresti Fausto
Published: August 2016

The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) has a global distribution in tropical and warm temperate seas, and it is caught in numerous fisheries worldwide, mainly as bycatch. It is currently assessed as near threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. In this study, we identified nine microsatellite loci through next generation sequencing (454 pyrosequencing) using 29 samples from the western Atlantic. The genetic diversity of these loci were assessed and revealed a total of 48 alleles ranging from 3 to 7 alleles per locus (average of 5.3 alleles). Cross-species amplification was successful at most loci for other species such asCarcharhinus longimanus, C. acronotusandAlopias superciliosus. Given the potential applicability of genetic markers for biological conservation, these data may contribute to the population assessment of this and other species of sharks worldwide.
Minimum information about tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (MITAP): a first step towards reproducibility and standardisation of cellular therapies
Authors: Lord Phillip , Spiering Rachel , Aguillon Juan C. , Anderson Amy E. , Appel Silke , Benitez-Ribas Daniel , ten Brinke Anja , Broere Femke , Cools Nathalie , Cuturi Maria Cristina , Diboll Julie , Geissler Edward K. , Giannoukakis Nick , Gregori Silvia , van Ham S. Marieke , Lattimer Staci , Marshall Lindsay , Harry Rachel A. , Hutchinson James A. , Isaacs John D. , Joosten Irma , van Kooten Cees , Lopez Diaz de Cerio Ascension , Nikolic Tatjana , Oral Haluk Barbaros , Sofronic-Milosavljevic Ljiljana , Ritter Thomas , Riquelme Paloma , Thomson Angus W. , Trucco Massimo , Vives-Pi Marta , Martinez-Caceres Eva M. , Hilkens Catharien M.U.
Published: August 2016

Cellular therapies with tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (tolAPC) show great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and for the prevention of destructive immune responses after transplantation. The methodologies for generating tolAPC vary greatly between different laboratories, making it difficult to compare data from different studies; thus constituting a major hurdle for the development of standardised tolAPC therapeutic products. Here we describe an initiative by members of the tolAPC field to generate a minimum information model for tolAPC (MITAP), providing a reporting framework that will make differences and similarities between tolAPC products transparent. In this way, MITAP constitutes a first but important step towards the production of standardised and reproducible tolAPC for clinical application.
Sonography Is Superior to Serum‐Based Biomarkers for Measuring Disease Status in Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Shuqiang , Zheng Qing , Liu Hui , Zeng Jinshu , Ye Zhen , Su Yiming , Lv Guorong
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Progress in developing novel rational treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) critically depends on preclinical work in experimental animals. However, there is lack of insight into the most appropriate mode of noninvasive measurement of disease status in experimental RA. This study compared sonography with serum biomarkers in a rabbit model of RA.

Methods

Six‐month‐old male New Zealand White rabbits were randomized into 2 groups: antigen‐induced arthritis group (n = 25), which was subjected to ovalbumin immunization and intra‐articular injection; and control group (n = 5). Pathologic changes in the knee joints were evaluated by sonography, and serum C‐reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor TNF‐α, and interleukin 1 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Synovial pathologic scores were obtained by ultrasound‐guided biopsy.

Results

A total of 23 rabbits (2 rabbits died before the end of the study) in the antigen‐induced arthritis group and 5 rabbits in the control group completed the study. Sonographic scores for all rabbits were graded from 0 to 3, according to grayscale sonography, synovitis, and blood flow. Synovial lesions were evident on sonography before week 4; however, serum biomarkers slowly increased until weeks 5 and 6 (P < .05). Although both sonography and serum biomarkers correlated significantly with synovitis scoring, the correlations for the sonographically derived parameters were better. The correlation indices between pathologic scores and synovial membranes thickness, blood flow, and resistive index were 0.798, 0.557, and −0.320, respectively, whereas the correlation indices between pathologic scores and tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1, and C‐reactive protein levels were 0.451, 0.503, and 0.529.

Conclusions

Sonographic findings had better correlations with histologic scoring than serologic biomarkers of disease activity in the RA rabbit model, especially at early stages. Local pathologic assessment of disease status by sonography is possible.
Evaluation of Parathyroid Lesions With Point Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Hattapoğlu Salih , Göya Cemil , Hamidi Cihad , Taşdemir Bekir , Alan Bircan , Durmaz Mehmet Sedat , Teke Memik , Ekici Faysal
Published: August 2016

Objectives

The aim of our study was to evaluate the shear wave velocity (SWV) of parathyroid lesions by point shear wave elastography (SWE) and to compare their stiffness with that of thyroid nodules and normal thyroid parenchyma quantitatively.

Methods

Thirty‐six patients considered to have parathyroid disorders by clinical and laboratory tests and scintigraphy were enrolled in the study between January 2012 and February 2015. Conventional sonography, Doppler sonography, and the Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ) method of point SWE (Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA) were conducted with a linear transducer (4–9 MHz) while the patients were in the supine position. Then we compared our VTQ measurements with pathologic results.

Results

The 36 patients included 31 female and 5 male patients with a mean age ± SD of 49 ± 15.7 years (range, 15–79 years). The mean SWV of parathyroid hyperplasia lesions (n = 4) was 1.46 ± 0.23 m/s, whereas the mean SWV of parathyroid adenomas (n = 32) was 2.28 ± 0.50 m/s. The mean SWV of normal thyroid parenchyma (n = 36) was 1.62 ± 0.20 m/s, and the mean SWV of benign thyroid nodules (n = 21) was 2.25 ± 0.51 m/s. A significant difference was found between SWV values of normal thyroid parenchyma and parathyroid adenoma (P < .001). A cutoff value of 1.73 m/s for adenomas led to 90.0% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity.

Conclusions

The VTQ method of point SWE may contribute to the discrimination of parathyroid adenomas from the thyroid gland. However, more comprehensive studies are needed.
The “Puck” energetic charged particle detector: Design, heritage, and advancements
Authors: Clark G. , Cohen I. , Westlake J. H. , Andrews G. B. , Brandt P. , Gold R. E. , Gkioulidou M. A. , Hacala R. , Haggerty D. , Hill M. E. , Ho G. C. , Jaskulek S. E. , Kollmann P. , Mauk B. H. , McNutt R. L. , Mitchell D. G. , Nelson K. S. , Paranicas C. , Paschalidis N. , Schlemm C. E.
Published: August 2016

Energetic charged particle detectors characterize a portion of the plasma distribution function that plays critical roles in some physical processes, from carrying the currents in planetary ring currents to weathering the surfaces of planetary objects. For several low‐resource missions in the past, the need was recognized for a low‐resource but highly capable, mass‐species‐discriminating energetic particle sensor that could also obtain angular distributions without motors or mechanical articulation. This need led to the development of a compact Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), known as the “Puck” EPD (short for hockey puck), that is capable of determining the flux, angular distribution, and composition of incident ions between an energy range of ~10 keV to several MeV. This sensor makes simultaneous angular measurements of electron fluxes from the tens of keV to about 1 MeV. The same measurements can be extended down to approximately 1 keV/nucleon, with some composition ambiguity. These sensors have a proven flight heritage record that includes missions such as MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging and New Horizons, with multiple sensors on each of Juno, Van Allen Probes, and Magnetospheric Multiscale. In this review paper we discuss the Puck EPD design, its heritage, unexpected results from these past missions and future advancements. We also discuss high‐voltage anomalies that are thought to be associated with the use of curved foils, which is a new foil manufacturing processes utilized on recent Puck EPD designs. Finally, we discuss the important role Puck EPDs can potentially play in upcoming missions.
Direct Visualization of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Its Effects on Silicon Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Sina Mahsa , Alvarado Judith , Shobukawa Hitoshi , Alexander Caleb , Manichev Viacheslav , Feldman Leonard , Gustafsson Torgny , Stevenson Keith J. , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: August 2016

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as an electrolyte additive can considerably improve the cycling performance of silicon (Si) electrodes in Li‐ion batteries. However, the fundamental mechanism for how FEC contributes to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) morphological changes and chemical composition is not well understood. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy gives a comprehensive insight as to how FEC affects the SEI evolution in terms of composition and morphology throughout electrochemical cycling. In the first lithiation cycle, the electrode cycled in ethylene carbonate (EC): diethylene carbonate (DEC) forms a porous uneven SEI composed of mostly Li2CO3. However, the electrode cycled in EC/DEC/FEC is covered in a dense and uniform SEI containing mostly LiF. Interestingly, the intrinsic oxide layer (Li
x
SiO
y
) is not observed at the interface of electrode cycled in EC/DEC/FEC after 1 cycle. This is consistent with fluoride anion formation from the reduction of FEC, which leads to the chemical attack of any silicon‐oxide surface passivation layer. Furthermore, surface sensitive helium ion microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques give further insights to the SEI composition and morphology in both electrodes cycled with different electrolytes.
Strategic Preparation of Efficient and Durable NiCo Alloy Supported N‐Doped Porous Graphene as an Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Kumar Deepak , Dhavale Vishal M. , Pal Sourav , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: August 2016

Development of an efficient and durable water splitting electrocatalyst holds a great commitment for the future energy devices. The real application of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts mainly suffers from sluggish kinetics and high overpotential except for the Ir and Ru‐based systems. However, the high cost and vulnerability of the Ir and Ru metals are the main hostiles to use them for marketization. Herein, a high‐performance OER electrocatalyst consisting of NiCo alloy nanoparticles supported on high surface area N‐doped porous graphene (NiCo/pNGr(75:25)) is reported. The importance of the doped‐N for achieving the uniform dispersion‐cum‐effective interaction of the size controlled NiCo alloy nanoparticles has been explicitly investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photo­electron spectroscopy, Raman, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, etc. The electrochemical analysis of NiCo/pNGr(75:25) shows an overpotential of ≈260 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a smaller Tafel slope of ≈87 mV dec−1 and long catalytic durability. DFT calculations are done to check the interaction between the NiCo alloy nanoparticles and the defective sites of pNGr and also with the doped‐N, which could be attained for maintaining long catalytic durability. Furthermore, NiCo/pNGr(75:25) is used as an OER catalyst to fabricate an electrolyzer, which works at very low potential of 1.5 V in 1 m KOH.
Polysulfide‐Shuttle Control in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries with a Chemically/Electrochemically Compatible NaSICON‐Type Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Bi Zhonghe , Zhao Feng , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: August 2016

A NaSICON‐type Li+‐ion conductive membrane with a formula of Li1+

x
Y
x
Zr2−

x
(PO4)3 (LYZP) (x = 0–0.15) has been explored as a solid‐electrolyte/separator to suppress polysulfide‐crossover in lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. The LYZP membrane with a reasonable Li+‐ion conductivity shows both favorable chemical compatibility with the lithium polysulfide species and exhibits good electrochemical stability under the operating conditions of the Li‐S batteries. Through an integration of the LYZP solid electrolyte with the liquid electrolyte, the hybrid Li‐S batteries show greatly enhanced cyclability in contrast to the conventional Li‐S batteries with the porous polymer (e.g., Celgard) separator. At a rate of C/5, the hybrid Li ||LYZP|| Li2S6 batteries developed in this study (with a Li‐metal anode, a liquid/LYZP hybrid electrolyte, and a dissolved lithium polysulfide cathode) delivers an initial discharge capacity of ≈1000 mA h g−1 (based on the active sulfur material) and retains ≈90% of the initial capacity after 150 cycles with a low capacity fade‐rate of <0.07% per cycle.
Two‐stage additional evidence support association of common variants in the HDAC3 with the increasing risk of schizophrenia susceptibility
Authors: Jia Xiaodi , Zhang Tianxiao , Li Lu , Fu Dongke , Lin Huali , Chen Gang , Liu Xinshe , Guan Fanglin
Published: August 2016

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with high heritability. Abnormal gene methylation was found to play a key role in the development of SCZ, suggesting that histone deacetylases (HDACs) may increase the expression of several key genes in the brain. However, recent studies evaluating the association between SCZ and genetic polymorphisms in histone deacetylase 3 (encoded by HDAC3) have shown conflicting results. In this study, we designed a two‐stage case‐control study to investigate the association of the HDAC3 with SCZ. Fourteen tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) entirely covering the region of HDAC3 were analyzed in the testing group of 1,421 patients and 2,823 healthy controls, and the SNP rs14251 was found to be significant (and rs2530223 to be nominally significant). The significant result of rs14251 was successfully replicated in the validation group consisting of 896 cases and 1,815 healthy controls (P = 0.009276, OR = 1.219), and also confirmed by haplotype based analyses (rs976552‐rs14251, global P < 0.001). To sum up, our results provide additional evidence that HDAC3 confers the increasing risk of SCZ susceptibility in Han Chinese individuals, suggesting this gene as a potential genetic modifier for SCZ development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mutations modifying sporadic Alzheimer's disease age of onset
Authors: Vélez Jorge I. , Lopera Francisco , Patel Hardip R. , Johar Angad S. , Cai Yeping , Rivera Dora , Tobón Carlos , Villegas Andrés , Sepulveda‐Falla Diego , Lehmann Shaun G. , Easteal Simon , Mastronardi Claudio A. , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio
Published: August 2016

The identification of mutations modifying the age of onset (AOO) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for understanding the natural history of AD and, therefore, for early interventions. Patients with sporadic AD (sAD) from a genetic isolate in the extremes of the AOO distribution were whole‐exome genotyped. Single‐ and multi‐locus linear mixed‐effects models were used to identify functional variants modifying AOO. Aposteriorienrichment and bioinformatic analyses were applied to evaluate the non‐random clustering of the associate variants to physiopathological pathways involved in AD. We identified more than 20 pathogenic, genome‐wide statistically significant mutations of major modifier effect on the AOO. These variants are harbored in genes implicated in neuron apoptosis, neurogenesis, inflammatory processes linked to AD, oligodendrocyte differentiation, and memory processes. This set of new genes harboring these mutations could be of importance for prediction, follow‐up and eventually as therapeutical targets of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of meso‐CF3‐BODIPY with Acylethynyl Substituents in the 3‐Position of the Indacene Core
Authors: Tomilin Denis N. , Petrushenko Konstantin B. , Sobenina Lyubov N. , Gotsko Maxim D. , Ushakov Igor A. , Skitnevskaya Anna D. , Trofimov Alexander B. , A.Trofimov Boris
Published: August 2016

A strategy for the synthesis of asymmetric meso‐CF3 substituted BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) dyes bearing acylethynyl substituents at the 3‐position has been developed. The key step is the solid‐phase mechanoactivated ethynylation of meso‐CF3‐dipyrromethanes by acylbromoacetylenes in Al2O3 or K2CO3 media. Additional possibilities for building up new aromatic heterocycles on the dipyrromethane systems has been demonstrated through the example of the pyrazole cycle “click‐assembly” over the benzoyl ethynyl moiety. The synthesized dyes fluoresce in a long wavelength region (628–663 nm) with high quantum yield (0.79–0.93).
Imaging of Oxygen Diffusion in Individual Platinum/Ce2Zr2Ox Catalyst Particles During Oxygen Storage and Release
Authors: Matsui Hirosuke , Ishiguro Nozomu , Enomoto Kaori , Sekizawa Oki , Uruga Tomoya , Tada Mizuki
Published: August 2016

The spatial distribution of Ce3+ and Ce4+ in each particle of Ce2Zr2Ox in a three‐way conversion catalyst system was successfully imaged during an oxygen storage/release cycle by scanning X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) using hard X‐ray nanobeams. For the first time, nano‐XAFS imaging visualized and identified the modes of non‐uniform oxygen diffusion from the interface of Pt catalyst and Ce2Zr2Ox support and the active parts in individual catalyst particles.
An Organic Dyad Composed of Diathiafulvalene‐Functionalized Diketopyrrolopyrrole–Fullerene for Single‐Component High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Narayanaswamy K. , Venkateswararao A. , Nagarjuna P. , Bishnoi Swati , Gupta Vinay , Chand Suresh , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: August 2016

A new low‐band gap dyad DPP‐Ful, which consists of covalently linked dithiafulvalene‐functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole as donor and fullerene (C60) as the acceptor, has been designed and synthesized. Organic solar cells were successfully constructed using the DPP‐Ful dyad as an active layer. This system has a record power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.2 %, which is the highest value when compared to reported single‐component organic solar cells.
From Alkanes to Carboxylic Acids: Terminal Oxygenation by a Fungal Peroxygenase
Authors: Olmedo Andrés , Aranda Carmen , del Río José C. , Kiebist Jan , Scheibner Katrin , Martínez Angel T. , Gutiérrez Ana
Published: August 2016

A new heme–thiolate peroxidase catalyzes the hydroxylation of n‐alkanes at the terminal position—a challenging reaction in organic chemistry—with H2O2 as the only cosubstrate. Besides the primary product, 1‐dodecanol, the conversion of dodecane yielded dodecanoic, 12‐hydroxydodecanoic, and 1,12‐dodecanedioic acids, as identified by GC–MS. Dodecanal could be detected only in trace amounts, and 1,12‐dodecanediol was not observed, thus suggesting that dodecanoic acid is the branch point between mono‐ and diterminal hydroxylation. Simultaneously, oxygenation was observed at other hydrocarbon chain positions (preferentially C2 and C11). Similar results were observed in reactions of tetradecane. The pattern of products formed, together with data on the incorporation of 18O from the cosubstrate H218O2, demonstrate that the enzyme acts as a peroxygenase that is able to catalyze a cascade of mono‐ and diterminal oxidation reactions of long‐chain n‐alkanes to give carboxylic acids.
Hydrostatic Pressure Increases the Catalytic Activity of Amyloid Fibril Enzymes
Authors: Luong Trung Quan , Erwin Nelli , Neumann Matthias , Schmidt Andreas , Loos Cornelia , Schmidt Volker , Fändrich Marcus , Winter Roland
Published: August 2016

We studied the combined effects of pressure (0.1–200 MPa) and temperature (22, 30, and 38 °C) on the catalytic activity of designed amyloid fibrils using a high‐pressure stopped‐flow system with rapid UV/Vis absorption detection. Complementary FT‐IR spectroscopic data revealed a remarkably high pressure and temperature stability of the fibrillar systems. High pressure enhances the esterase activity as a consequence of a negative activation volume at all temperatures (about −14 cm3 mol−1). The enhancement is sustained in the whole temperature range covered, which allows a further acceleration of the enzymatic activity at high temperatures (activation energy 45–60 kJ mol−1). Our data reveal the great potential of using both pressure and temperature modulation to optimize the enzyme efficiency of catalytic amyloid fibrils.
Expanding Radical SAM Chemistry by Using Radical Addition Reactions and SAM Analogues
Authors: Ji Xinjian , Li Yongzhen , Xie Liqi , Lu Haojie , Ding Wei , Zhang Qi
Published: August 2016

Radical S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) enzymes utilize a [4Fe‐4S] cluster to bind SAM and reductively cleave its carbon–sulfur bond to produce a highly reactive 5′‐deoxyadenosyl (dAdo) radical. In almost all cases, the dAdo radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from the substrates or from enzymes, thereby initiating a highly diverse array of reactions. Herein, we report a change of the dAdo radical‐based chemistry from hydrogen abstraction to radical addition in the reaction of the radical SAM enzyme NosL. This change was achieved by using a substrate analogue containing an olefin moiety. We also showed that two SAM analogues containing different nucleoside functionalities initiate the radical‐based reactions with high efficiencies. The radical adduct with the olefin produced in the reaction was found to undergo two divergent reactions, and the mechanistic insights into this process were investigated in detail. Our study demonstrates a promising strategy in expanding radical SAM chemistry, providing an effective way to access nucleoside‐containing compounds by using radical SAM‐dependent reactions.
Metallic Nickel Hydroxide Nanosheets Give Superior Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Urea for Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhu Xiaojiao , Dou Xinyu , Dai Jun , An Xingda , Guo Yuqiao , Zhang Lidong , Tao Shi , Zhao Jiyin , Chu Wangsheng , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Wu Changzheng , Xie Yi
Published: August 2016

The direct urea fuel cell (DUFC) is an important but challenging renewable energy production technology, it offers great promise for energy‐sustainable developments and mitigating water contamination. However, DUFCs still suffer from the sluggish kinetics of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) owing to a 6 e− transfer process, which poses a severe hindrance to their practical use. Herein, taking β‐Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as the proof‐of‐concept study, we demonstrated a surface‐chemistry strategy to achieve metallic Ni(OH)2 nanosheets by engineering their electronic structure, representing a first metallic configuration of transition‐metal hydroxides. Surface sulfur incorporation successfully brings synergetic effects of more exposed active sites, good wetting behavior, and effective electron transport, giving rise to greatly enhanced performance for UOR. Metallic nanosheets exhibited a much higher current density, smaller onset potential and stronger durability.
Crosslinked Aspartic Acids as Helix‐Nucleating Templates
Authors: Zhao Hui , Liu Qi‐Song , Geng Hao , Tian Yuan , Cheng Min , Jiang Yan‐Hong , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Niu Xiao‐Gang , Jiang Fan , Zhang Ya‐Ou , Lao Yuan‐Zhi , Wu Yun‐Dong , Xu Nai‐Han , Li Zi‐Gang
Published: August 2016

Described is a facile helix‐nucleating template based on a tethered aspartic acid at the N‐terminus [terminal aspartic acid (TD)]. The nucleating effect of the template is subtly influenced by the substituent at the end of the side‐chain‐end tether as indicated by circular dichroism, nuclear magnetic resonance, and molecular dynamics simulations. Unlike most nucleating strategies, the N‐terminal amine is preserved, thus enabling further modification. Peptidomimetic estrogen receptor modulators (PERMs) constructed using this strategy show improved therapeutic properties. The current strategy can be regarded as a good complement to existing helix‐stabilizing methods.
Polystyrene‐supported Pd(II) complex‐catalysed carboacylation of 2‐arylpyridines with alcohols via C─H bond activation under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Perumgani Pullaiah C. , Parvathaneni Sai Prathima , Keesara Srinivas , Mandapati Mohan Rao
Published: August 2016

Polystyrene‐supported N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine Pd(II) complex C was used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of aromatic ketones via ortho‐acylation of sp2 C─H bonds of 2‐arylpyridines with alcohols as effective coupling partners. The alcohols were oxidized with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide to their corresponding aldehydes in situ and efficiently coupled with 2‐arylpyridines to form aryl ketones under solvent‐free conditions. Furthermore, catalyst C could be easily recovered by simple filtration and reused for five cycles without any significant decrease in its activity.
Metal–organic framework of amine‐MIL‐53(Al) as active and reusable liquid‐phase reaction inductor for multicomponent condensation of Ugi‐type reactions
Authors: Rostamnia Sadegh , Jafari Maryam
Published: August 2016

Metal–organic framework of NH2‐MIL‐53(Al), with coordinative unsaturated aluminium sites, has been shown to be active in the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé multicomponent coupling reaction based on Ugi‐type amine and aldehyde condensation over isocyanide and then a cyclization process. Interestingly this reaction occurred under solvent‐free conditions with high yield, in which the NH2‐MIL‐53(Al) could be recovered and reused for five reaction cycles, giving a total turnover number of 455.
Response of perennial woody plants to seed treatment by electromagnetic field and low‐temperature plasma
Authors: Mildaziene Vida , Pauzaite Giedre , Malakauskiene Asta , Zukiene Rasa , Nauciene Zita , Filatova Irina , Azharonok Viktor , Lyushkevich Veronika
Published: August 2016

Radiofrequency (5.28 MHz) electromagnetic radiation and low‐temperature plasma were applied as short‐term (2–15 min) seed treatments to two perennial woody plant species, including Smirnov's rhododendron (Rhododendron smirnowii Trautv.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.). Potential effects were evaluated using germination indices and morphometry. The results suggest that treatment with electromagnetic field stimulated germination of freshly harvested R. smirnowii seeds (increased germination percentage up to 70%), but reduced germination of fresh M. nigra seeds (by 24%). Treatment with low‐temperature plasma negatively affected germination for R. smirnowii, and positively for M. nigra. The treatment‐induced changes in germination depended on seed dormancy state. Longer‐term observations revealed that the effects persisted for more than a year; however, even negative effects on germination came out as positive effects on plant morphometric traits over time. Treatments characterized as distressful based on changes in germination and seedling length increased growth of R. smirnowii after 13 months. Specific changes included stem and root branching, as well as increased leaf count and surface area. These findings imply that longer‐term patterns of response to seed stressors may be complex, and therefore, commonly used stressor‐effects estimates, such as germination rate or seedling morphology, may be insufficient for qualifying stress response. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:536–548, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic Study on Aminolysis of O‐2‐Pyridyl Thionobenzoate in Acetonitrile: Effect of Changing Electrophilic Center from CO to CS on Reactivity and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Kim Min‐Young , Um Ik‐Hwan
Published: August 2016

Pseudo‐first‐order rate constants (k
obsd) for nucleophilic substitution reaction of O‐2‐pyridyl thionobenzoate (7) with a series of secondary amines in MeCN at 25.0 ± 0.1°C have been measured spectrophotometrically. The plots of k
obsd vs. [amine] curve upward, indicating that the reaction proceeds through a stepwise mechanism with a zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate (T±), which decomposes to the products through uncatalyzed and catalyzed routes. It has been proposed that the uncatalyzed reaction proceeds through a six‐membered cyclic transition state (TS), in which expulsion of the leaving group occurs in the rate‐determining step. The catalyzed reaction from T± proceeds through a concerted mechanism with a six‐membered cyclic TS rather than via a stepwise pathway with an anionic intermediate T−. This is in contrast to the report that the corresponding reaction of 2‐pyridyl benzoate (6, a CO analogue of 7) proceeds through a forced concerted mechanism. Comparison of the second‐order rate constants for the uncatalyzed reaction of 7 with those reported previously for the corresponding reaction of 6 has revealed that 7 is much more reactive than 6. Factors that affect the reactivity and reaction mechanism are discussed in detail.
HER2 RNA Aptamer‐ and Cell Penetrating Peptide‐Mediated Delivery of Multimeric Antisense Strands of siRNAs for Gene Silencing
Authors: Kang Sungmuk , Chae Woori , Suh Sung‐Kwan , Jung Woong , Chang Dong‐Jo , Hah Sang Soo
Published: August 2016

In this study, we describe the development of a new siRNA delivery method for enhanced gene silencing, which is based on HER2 RNA aptamer‐ and cell penetrating peptide (CPP)‐mediated intracellular delivery of multimeric antisense strands of siRNAs. By making use of HER2 RNA aptamer or peptide nucleic acid‐linked CPP as delivery moiety for multimeric antisense strands of siRNAs, the multimeric siRNAs were observed to show significant gene silencing effects even without any delivery vehicles, in comparison with the conventional duplexed monomeric siRNAs mixed with lipofectamine. Our observations suggest that the introduction of RNA aptamer or CPP to multimeric siRNA as delivery moiety of siRNA delivery system can allow efficient target gene suppression with slow and steady but persistent intracellular uptake capacity.
Urinary biomarker and treatment mechanism of Rhizoma Alismatis on hyperlipidemia
Authors: Miao Hua , Zhang Li , Chen Dan‐Qian , Chen Hua , Zhao Ying‐Yong , Ma Shuang‐Cheng
Published: August 2016

Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), a diuretic in Asia and Europe, was found to possess anti‐hyperlipidemic activity. Since the biomarkers and mechanisms of RA in the treatment of hyperlipidemia are inadequate, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight synapt high‐definition mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis were employed to investigate the urinary metabolomics of RA on hyperlipidemic rats induced by high‐fat diet. The metabolic profile of RA‐treated hyperlipidemic group located between control and diet‐induced hyperlipidemic groups. Nineteen metabolites with significant fluctuations were identified as potential biomarkers related to the hyperlipidemia and anti‐hyperlipidemia of RA using partial least‐squares‐discriminate analysis, heatmap analysis and correlation coefficient analysis. The fluctuations of these biomarkers represented disturbances in amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and energy metabolism. After RA treatment, these perturbed metabolites were restored to normal or nearly normal levels. RA can alleviate high‐fat diet‐induced dysfunctions in these metabolic pathways.
Facile Construction of g‐C3N4 Nanosheets/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays as Z‐Scheme Photocatalyst with Enhanced Visible‐Light Performance
Authors: Zhou Dantong , Chen Zhi , Yang Qian , Shen Cai , Tang Gao , Zhao Shilong , Zhang Jingji , Chen Da , Wei Qinhua , Dong Xiaoping
Published: August 2016

Semiconductor photocatalysis may be a promising strategy to face energy and environmental issues because it utilizes the solar energy as energy source. The artificially Z‐scheme photocatalytic system has attracted special interests owing to its high efficiency and strong redox ability. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g‐C3N4 NSs) display prominent performances, which are intensively investigated. Herein, we constructed an all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme photocatalytic system and firstly immobilized g‐C3N4 nanosheets on TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) by a simple method. The microstructures of prepared g‐C3N4 NSs/TNTAs photocatalyst were characterized by XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SEM and TEM. The features of light absorption, charge separation, and charge transfer were analyzed by UV/Vis diffuse reflectance techniques, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemical atomic force microscopy, and photocurrent measurement. The synthesized g‐C3N4 NSs/TNTAs samples shows enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for rhodamine B degradation under visible light, which is four times more than that of pure TNTAs. Tetracycline hydrochloride could also be effectively degraded under visible light, which contributes to reducing antibiotic residues in wastewater. Additionally, g‐C3N4 NSs/TNTAs also possess other advantages such as well long‐term stability and easily recyclable properties. A reaction mechanism is also proposed.
Expanding the Catalytic Scope of (Cyclopentadienone)iron Complexes to the Hydrogenation of Activated Esters to Alcohols
Authors: Gajewski Piotr , Gonzalez‐de‐Castro Angela , Renom‐Carrasco Marc , Piarulli Umberto , Gennari Cesare , de Vries Johannes G. , Lefort Laurent , Pignataro Luca
Published: August 2016

Herein, we report the application of easy‐to‐make and bench‐stable (cyclopentadienone)iron complexes (such as 1) as precatalysts for the hydrogenation of esters. After optimization of the reaction conditions (i.e., solvent, temperature, pressure), complex 1 was tested in the hydrogenation of a range of esters. With most of the activated trifluoroacetate esters, quantitative formation of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol was obtained at low catalyst loadings. For nonactivated esters, no reaction was observed. Trifluoroacetic acid, a common impurity in hydrolytically labile trifluoroacetate esters, was shown to act as a poison for the catalyst. However, the simple addition of Et3N allowed the catalyst activity to be restored. Our study constitutes the first examples of ester hydrogenation with an Fe complex based on a non‐pincer ligand.
Energy‐Economic Analysis of Thermal‐Expansionary Pretreatment for Its Implementation at a Biogas Plant
Authors: Kutsay Andrey , Kratky Lukas , Jirout Tomas
Published: August 2016

Thermal‐expansionary pretreatment is a novel environmentally friendly technology that has high potential to be installed in various industrial biofuel technologies where lignocellulosic biomass is processed. It is based on the boiling of biomass in water maintained by pressure in the liquid state, under a process temperature and a residence time with subsequent rapid batch decompression. The performance of the intensified pretreatment technology was shown in an intensified full‐scale biogas plant. Wheat straw was used as the model processing substrate. To show the improvement, the results were compared with the regular non‐intensified biogas plant. It was found that the intensified plant had a much higher power. The economic analysis and payback period were performed for both types of plant.
A Ligand That Targets CUG Trinucleotide Repeats
Authors: Li Jinxing , Matsumoto Jun , Bai Li‐Ping , Murata Asako , Dohno Chikara , Nakatani Kazuhiko
Published: August 2016

The development of small molecules that can recognize specific RNA secondary and tertiary structures is currently an important research topic for developing tools to modulate gene expression and therapeutic drugs. Expanded CUG trinucleotide repeats, known as toxic RNA, capture the splicing factor MBNL1 and are causative of neurological disorder myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Herein, the rational molecular design, synthesis, and binding analysis of 2,9‐diaminoalkyl‐substituted 1,10‐phenanthroline (DAP), which bound to CUG trinucleotide repeats, is described. The results of melting temperature (Tm) analyses, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, and electrospray spray ionization time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) mass spectrometry showed that DAP bound to r(CUG)9 but not to r(CAG)9 and r(CGG)9. The dual luciferase assay clearly indicated DAP bound to the r(CUG)n repeat by affecting the translation in vitro.
Tuning the Accessibility and Activity of Au25(SR)18 Nanocluster Catalysts through Ligand Engineering
Authors: Li Jingguo , Nasaruddin Ricca Rahman , Feng Yan , Yang Jun , Yan Ning , Xie Jianping
Published: August 2016

In this work, the effects of thiolate ligands (‐SR, e.g., chain length and functional moiety) on the accessibility and catalytic activity of thiolate‐protected gold nanoclusters (e.g., Au25(SR)18) for 4‐nitrophenol hydrogenation is reported. The data suggest that Au25(SR)18 bearing a shorter alkyl chain shows a better accessibility to the substrates (shown by shorter induction time, t0) and a higher catalytic activity (shown by higher apparent reaction rate constant, kapp). The functional moiety of the ligands is another determinant factor, which clearly suggests that ligand engineering of Au25(SR)18 would be an efficient platform for fine‐tuning its catalytic properties.
Two Unusual Nanocage‐Based Ln‐MOFs with Triazole Sites: Highly Fluorescent Sensing for Fe3+ and Cr2O72−, and Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Liu Jian‐Qiang , Li Gao‐Peng , Liu Wei‐Cong , Li Qing‐Lin , Li Bao‐Hong , Gable Robert W. , Hou Lei , Batten Stuart R.
Published: August 2016

Luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) containing fluorescent probes for the detection of pollutants such as organic solvents and heavy metals are becoming increasingly important, with lanthanide‐MOF (Ln‐MOF) materials receiving greater attention owing to the possibility of achieving fine‐tuned luminescent properties. Herein, two unusual isostructural nanocage‐based three‐dimensional Ln‐MOFs, 1‐Ln (Ln=Tb, Eu), are constructed, using a new diisophthalate ligand with active Lewis basic triazole sites. Selective gas adsorption, especially the removal of CO2 from CH4, a primary component of natural gas and biogas, is desirable in terms of both economic and environmental considerations. 1‐Eu is found to exhibit highly efficient luminescent sensing for Fe3+ cations and Cr2O72− anions, as well as selective CO2 capture over CH4.