bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TOXICITY AND REPELLENCY OF SCENT LEAVE (OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM), KEROSENE AND NAPHTHALENE IN SINGLE AND MIXED FORMS ON TERMITES (MACROTERMES BELLICOSUS)
Authors:   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria., C C Ojianwuna , V N Enwemiwe ,   Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT Termites (Macrotermes) are destructive pests in nature and their activities cause economic loss to field crops, wooden and building structures. Plant protectants have been widely used but information on the use of Ocimum gratissimum, kerosene and naphthalene in their single and mixed forms at various concentrations in the control of Macrotermes is lacking.Hence this study determined the toxicity and repellency of O. gratissimum, kerosene and naphthalene in their single and mixed forms on Macrotermes. Termites were sourced using axe and shovel, and exposed to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5g of O. gratissimum, naphthalene and kerosene in single forms respectively. Mixed forms were in 50%:50% of 0.5-1.5g of O.gratissimum and naphthalene, 0.5 -1.5g/mL of kerosene and O. gratissimum, and naphthalene and kerosene respectively. The set up was in triplicate and exposed for 24 hours. Results revealed that all concentrations of O. gratissimum, naphthalene, kerosene in single and mixed forms showed anti-termite activities. The differences were not significant(p> 0.05). Complete mortality was recorded in all treatment concentrations except 0.5 and 1.0g of O. gratissimum, 0.5g of naphthalene and O. gratissimum. All concentrations of kerosene, 0.5 and 1.5g/mL of naphthalene and kerosene, 1.0g/mL of kerosene and O. gratissimum caused complete mortality after 6 hours of treatment. The difference between the time mortality was significant p< 0.05. Repellency and their distances being remarkably high across all concentrations and the differences were significant (p<0.05). Lethal concentrations at 50% and 95% of all treatment were 0.347 and 0.471, respectively except for O. gratissimum which was 0.086 and 0.071g respectively. The results of this research indicated that higher concentrations of O. gratissimum and the other two treatments in their single forms as well as the mixed forms could limit the destructive activities and economic losses caused by termites.
OVERVIEW OF PEST STATUS, CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR SPODOPTERA LITURA (FAB.): A REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous, Affiliated to Bangalore North University, Bengaluru-560077, Karnataka, India., Saraswathi Saraswathi , Shoba Esther ,   Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous, Affiliated to Bangalore North University, Bengaluru-560077, Karnataka, India., Dhayalan Ashok ,   Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous, Affiliated to Bangalore North University, Bengaluru-560077, Karnataka, India., Pradhan Nibedita ,   Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous, Affiliated to Bangalore North University, Bengaluru-560077, Karnataka, India., Sreeramulu Arun Kumar ,   Department of Life Sciences, Kristu Jayanti College Autonomous, Affiliated to Bangalore North University, Bengaluru-560077, Karnataka, India., Rama Thyloor ,   Department of Biotechnology, Nrupathunga University, Bengaluru- 560001, Karnataka, India., Manjulakumari Doddamane ,   Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bengaluru-560056, Karnataka, India.
Published: April 2024

The Spodoptera litura (Tobacco Caterpillar) has significantly damaged various cultivated crops, primarily affecting Solanaceous crops. It voraciously consumes the crop leaves, giving the appearance of animal grazing. It can cause extensive damage in its later stages, ultimately leading to crops decay. Commercial farmers typically depend on chemical pesticides for control. However, the overreliance on chemical insecticides to combat S. litura has led to the development of resistance over time. Various strategies have been explored in pursuit of environmentally friendly pest control measures. These include natural predators, employing techniques like sex pheromones and genetically modified crops, and utilizing RNA interference tools. While these methods have encountered implementation challenges, they are noteworthy for being safe, sustainable, and tailored to specific species. In this comprehensive review, we have delved into historical and current practices for pest management, covering cultural techniques, chemical controls, and biological methods. In addition, we have examined emerging technologies like the gene editing approach, nano-insecticides, neuropeptides and seminal fluid proteins that are promising tools in the ongoing efforts to manage S. litura.
MYCOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF MARINE-DERIVED BENEFICIAL FUNGI AGAINST PLANT PATHOGENIC FUNGI
Authors:   Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, Dethoup T , Kumla D ,   ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal, Kijjoa A ,   Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
Published: April 2024

The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) crude extracts of five marine-derived fungi, namely Emericella nidulans (KUFA 0104), Hamigera avellanea (KUFA 0106), Neosartorya fischeri (KUFA 0107), N. pseudofischeri (KUFA 0108) and Talaromyces trachyspermus (KUFA 0021), were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against ten economically important plant pathogenic fungi. The crude extract of Talaromyces trachyspermus (KUFA 0021) exhibited the most effective mycelial growth inhibition in most of the plant pathogenic fungi whereas the rest of the crude extracts displayed relevant antifungal properties against the tested plant pathogenic fungi. The EtOAc crude extract of T. trachyspermus (KUFA 0021) was found to effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of Alternaria brassicicola, Colletotrichum capsici, Helminthosporium maydis, Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii with IC50 values 100-186 ppm and IC90 values 205-807 ppm and displayed total inhibition of mycelial growth on all plant pathogenic fungi at the highest concentration tested (10,000 ppm). Interestingly, this extract was effective on the mycelial growth inhibition of P. aphanidermatum even at low concentration with have IC50 and IC90 values 100 and 205 ppm, respectively. Chemical investigation of the EtOAc crude extract of the culture of T.trachyspermus (KUFA 0021) resulted in theisolation of spiculisporic acid E, 3- acetylergosterol 5, 8- endoperoxide,ergosta- 4,6,8 (14), 22- tetraen- 3- one, glaucanic acid and glauconic acid. Spiculisporic acid E, glaucanic acid, glauconic acid and the combination of these compounds were tested for the antifungal activity and it was found that none of them was active against the tested plant pathogens.
Empirical Assessment of Transfer Learning Strategies for Dementia Classification Using MRI Images
Authors: Almufareh Maram Fahaad , Kausar Sumaira , Humayun Mamoona , Tehsin Samabia
Published: April 2024

Dementia is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions worldwide. Early detection is very crucial for effective management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a noninvasive means to assess structural brain changes associated with dementia. In this study, we propose an empirical evaluation for binary classification of dementia using MRI images, utilizing transfer learning techniques applied to a diverse array of pretrained deep learning models. This paper presents a systematic comparison of the performance of various transfer learning approaches, including feature extraction and fine-tuning, across a spectrum of popular pretrained models, such as visual geometry group (VGG), Inception, ResNet, EfficientNet, and DenseNet. This paper also investigates the effects of the transfer learning approach on classification accuracy. Experimental results show that transfer learning is effective in improving classification performance, and they are validated on a large dataset of MRI scans from subjects with and without dementia. Furthermore, the relative benefits and drawbacks of various transfer learning techniques and pretrained models for dementia classification are revealed by the comparative analysis. The results of this investigation enhance the development of automated diagnostic instruments for dementia, thereby promoting prompt intervention and enhanced patient results.
Reconhecimento e Compartilhamento de Padrões Textuais em Notícias Falsas
Authors: Alves Leonardo Emerson A. , Oliveira Jonice , da Silva Sirius Thadeu F.
Published: April 2024

Esta pesquisa propõe uma metodologia para a caracterização, descrição da evolução e identificação de padrões de notícias falsas escritas em português-brasileiro. A caracterização das notícias falsas é realizada por meio da análise textual de notícias coletadas entre 2013 e 2021, com o uso de técnicas de processamento de linguagem natural e modelagem de tópicos. O principal diferencial dessa pesquisa consiste na abordagem de um corpus não-balanceado. Dessa forma, foi definida uma abordagem focada em aprendizado de máquina não-supervisionado com a utilização da métrica de coerência das modelagens para obter a otimização dos resultados.
VISHnu: uma abordagem para apoiar a personalização de avatares autoexpressivos usando sensibilidade ao contexto
Authors: Ribeiro Ailton , Vieira Vaninha , Alves Lynn , Maciel Cristiano
Published: April 2024

Este resumo destaca a relevância dos avatares digitais como representações de indivíduos em ambientes virtuais. Discute-se como as características desses avatares podem influenciar o comportamento dos usuários, destacando a importância da personalização para melhorar a imersão e a expressão do eu. O artigo original apresenta o VISHnu, uma abordagem desenvolvida para apoiar a personalização de avatares com base no contexto. Três avaliações foram conduzidas para investigar a eficácia e viabilidade do VISHnu, envolvendo especialistas. Os resultados incluem artefatos tangíveis, lista de verificação e um glossário, destinados a auxiliar no desenvolvimento de avatares mais inclusivos e representativos da diversidade humana.
Perspective Chapter: Conditions and Protection of Female Imprisonment – The Double Detention of Women in Italian Prison Management Policies
Authors: Polimeni Valeria
Published: April 2024

This chapter intends to analyze the conditions of detention and protection of women prisoners (also as mothers), first in the European context, in the light of the international sources on the subject, and then, more specifically, in the Italian penitentiary system. In particular, from a critical perspective, we will try to highlight how the female prison population, being a minority, suffers a sort of “double” detention within the Italian prison management policies, which are focused on the re-educational needs of the majority male component. The result is the marginalization of an entire category of persons, which leads to a tendency to lack resources and access to treatment activities. In order to deal with this problem, we underline the need for a rethinking of the current Italian prison administration model, so that in the management of daily life the female part of the prison population can finally be given due attention.
Challenges in Assessing Useful Exergy and Its Significance for Economic Development Studies: An Examination of Mozambique’s Economics Sectors, 1971–2014
Authors: Huo Teles , St. Aubyn Miguel , Felício Laura , Sousa Tânia
Published: April 2024

This chapter presents and analyses the outcomes derived from estimating useful exergy data associated with the final electricity usage in Mozambique’s productive sectors—encompassing industry, commerce, and services—covering Mozambique, from 1971 to 2014. At the time of carrying out the research, the availability of International Energy Agency (IEA) data relating to Mozambique was only from 1971 to 2014. The societal exergy analysis methodology used to estimate useful exergy involved first converting the final electricity use into its exergetic equivalent. Then, this exergy was categorized according to its specific end uses. Finally, the useful exergy was calculated by applying the appropriate efficiency rates for each usage category. The electricity consumption data, measured in GWh, was sourced from the IEA database. The findings indicate a significant increase in final electricity consumption starting in 2000. While there was a noticeable rise in useful exergy in the trade and services sector, the industry sector’s contribution remained dominant. The most significant contributions to total useful exergy were mechanical work in the industry sector, followed by high-temperature heat production. As useful exergy represents the effective portion of exergy reflecting energy usage outcomes, it emerges as a crucial concept for analyzing the link between energy consumption and economic growth.
Residual Stress Analysis of Laser Cladded Commercially Pure Grade Titanium Alloy Plates
Authors: Lawrence Ngake Tankiso , Vuyolwethu Mjali Kadephi
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of laser power on the microstructure, hardness, and residual stresses of laser-cladded titanium alloy. Laser powers of 600, 800, and 1000 W were varied while keeping other processing parameters constant. Microhardness and microstructure measurements were conducted using a Vickers microhardness tester and an optical microscope, respectively. Residual stresses were determined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results obtained revealed a non-linear relationship between microhardness and increasing laser power. Microstructural analysis indicated a transformation from all α grains to α′ martensite in the cladded zone, observed across all laser powers. Residual stress measurements showed a consistent tensile trend, decreasing with increasing laser power. The issue of increasing tensile residual stress can be mitigated by adjusting the laser power with minimal impact on the microstructure. These findings highlight the significant influence of processing parameters on surface properties, suggesting the potential for optimizing laser cladding parameters to enhance material corrosion and abrasion resistance properties.
Integrated Water Clarification
Authors: Pylkkanen Juhani
Published: April 2024

An integrated water clarification method for industrial and communal wastewater treatment and recycling is presented here. The clarification is hermetic and consists of four seamless phases: (1) separation of dissolved ingredients, (2) molecular activation, (3) clarification reactions and (4) replacement dissolution. It separates dissolved gases such as radon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrocarbons and dissolved solids such as iron, manganese, calcium, fluorine and phosphorus. The molecules are activated, and clarification reactions occur immediately by the suction of clean air, oxygen or ozone. The clarified water is aerated or oxygenated immediately after clarification. All this happens within a second or a few seconds depending on the water volume to be clarified. The integrated clarification is based on the fact that water itself is pure; it just picks up and easily transfers heavy loads. In the natural water cycle, the water eliminates its load by vaporizing. The integrated clarification separates the load in such a way that most of it can be removed and recycled. Treated water can be recycled and discharged into nature with respect to its natural value. The treated water can influence the natural water cycle by being sprayed on the ground and plants for solar vaporization and cooling of the climate. The load of the ocean can be reduced significantly. Integrated water clarification is performed under flowing conditions in a tube by kinetic energy. Gases and possible additives are sucked by a vacuum caused by a symmetrical nozzle design of two curved flow channels. It reduces water, energy and chemical consumption, and the capital and operational costs are low.
Pectin-Based Encapsulation Systems for Bioactive Components
Authors: Sasina Sai O.K. , K. Aravind Usha , T. Aravindakumar Charuvila
Published: April 2024

Pectin is a soluble dietary fiber with several health benefits, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, gastrointestinal-protective, and anticancer properties. Pectin is becoming an important class of materials owing to their inherent structural and functional properties such as biodegradability, binding potential, self-assembly, high nutritional value, gelling properties, non-toxicity, and good biocompatibility. Pectin is highly beneficial in microencapsulation since it allows for better control over the toxicity of the active substances and ensures the safety of the customer. Pectin offers a safe route for drug delivery due to its well-designed molecular architecture based on the changes in the biological process’s fundamental mechanisms. The current arising insight into the chemical structure and associated health advantages of pectin opens new opportunities for the use of pectin in nutraceutical encapsulation and drug delivery. Pectin can be obtained from various plant sources at a lower cost. Thus, pectin is a promising biopolymer when designing materials that may achieve the highly desired dual objectives of being environmentally friendly and economically sustainable. This chapter emphasizes pectin-based nano and microencapsulation systems, their tailor-made functionalities, and their applications in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
Timber and Trout: An Examination of the Logging Legacy and Restoration Efforts in Headwater Streams in New England (USA)
Authors: C. Hoekwater Joshua , M. Villamagna Amy , C. O’Donnell Brigid , R. Morrill Tyson , J. Nugent Ben , B. Lamy Jared
Published: April 2024

The forested landscape of New England (USA) was dramatically altered by logging during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although the northern temperate forests of the region have largely regenerated, the streams and rivers remain impacted. The loss of terrestrial wood, organic material, and nutrient inputs during the forest regeneration period has affected habitat quality and biotic communities, most notably in small headwater streams. The same waterways are further impacted by now undersized stream crossings, mostly culverts associated with old infrastructure that alter hydrology and sediment transport; moreover, these culverts have created barriers to the movement of riverine organisms. We synthesize literature on headwater stream wood additions and culvert removal in North America and discuss observed patterns in organic matter, benthic macroinvertebrates, and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from before and after wood additions and stream-crossing enhancements in a previously logged watershed in New England. There were minimal changes to habitat and substrate two years after restoration efforts. However, streams with wood additions retained a higher density of rafted organic matter and had significantly higher benthic macroinvertebrate density. Additionally, two years after restoration, one year-old Brook Trout were significantly longer in restored streams than prior to restoration. Collectively, these results document a relatively rapid increase in organic matter retention, macroinvertebrates, and Brook Trout size, soon after restoration efforts.
Global Ligand-Protein Docking Tools: Comparation and Case Study
Authors: T.T. Le Vy , H.T. Nguyen Tu , Do Phuc-Chau
Published: April 2024

Molecular docking study, a method used in drug discovery, is used to estimate the interactions between small molecules and macromolecules. Docking can be divided into rigid and flexible docking where local and global docking is the subclass in the flexible approach. Two important criteria in docking are search algorithms and scoring functions. The former assesses the fitness of ligand poses within the protein’s binding site, while the latter explores different ligands “conformations until the point at which the least energy convergence is achieved.” Three user-friendly global docking programs (AutoDock Vina, MOE, and DOCK6) are utilized to study ligand behaviors against Enterovirus A71 3C protease (3Cpro), which causes hand-foot-mouth disease in children. The results suggested that the DOCK6 gives the fastest output, and all of the ligands correctly bind to the active site of 3Cpro. Rupintrivir is a good candidate for serving as a positive control in all three tools for binding site identification because it shows broad resistance to viruses. In comparison to AutoDock Vina and MOE, DOCK6 exhibits superior conformational space search efficiency and speed across the three docking technologies used in our investigation. AutoDock Vina, however, is typically regarded as being more appropriate for novices.
Harvesting in Progress: The Crucial Role of Genetically Improved Crops in Latin America
Authors: Xoconostle-Cázares Beatriz , Claret Triana Vidal Laura , Guadalupe Domínguez-Fernández Yoatzin , Obando-González Rosa , Padilla-Viveros América , Ruiz-Medrano Roberto
Published: April 2024

Crop genetic improvement in Latin America is necessary to address the region’s agricultural challenges and to enhance food security. The use of advanced biotechnological techniques, such as genetic engineering and molecular breeding, should enable the development of crops with improved traits tailored to the unique agroecological conditions prevalent in the region, similar to the observed impact of improved germplasm in leading countries using transgenic or edited plants. Research has focused on enhancing key agricultural traits, including tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, resistance to pests, and herbicide resistance. However, other modifications designed to cope with emergent diseases and increase in nutritional content key nutrients such as vitamins and proteins should be addressed. Despite the benefits of genetic improvement, challenges, such as public perception, heavy regulatory frameworks, and a deficient communication on the benefits of these technologies, persist. Collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and the public are essential to overcome these challenges. Through the application of innovative biotechnological tools, scientists are crafting crops with enhanced biotic and abiotic resistance, productivity, and nutritional value. As Latin America continues to grapple with the complexities of a changing climate and the imperative to feed a growing population, genetic improvement stands as a crucial ally in the pursuit of a sustainable and resilient agriculture.
What it takes to get it right: A qualitative study exploring optimal handover of health programmes in Tonkolili District, Sierra Leone
Authors: N Sitali , E Briskin , J Foday , C Walker , K Keus , E Ali , K Whitehouse , F Smart
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Effect of Cr on the Hot Ductility of Austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C Lightweight Steel
Authors: Jeong Seonghoon , Moon Joonoh , Park Seong-Jun , Lee Changhee
Published: April 2024

In this study, a hot ductility test was performed for Fe-30Mn-10.5Al-0.9C-Cr austenitic lightweight steels. The test was carried out through a commercial Gleeble simulator at a heating rate of 350 °C/sec and cooling rate of 50 °C/sec, with a stroke rate of 50 mm/sec. Microstructural analysis for understanding the hot ductility behavior was conducted through optical and scanning electron microscopy. The lightweight steels exhibited similar hot ductility behavior in accordance with temperature despite the addition of Cr. The experimental results indicated that the κ-carbide precipitation had an insignificant influence on the hot ductility test. However, ductility at low temperature was induced by slip mechanism, while dynamic recrystallization had significant influence at high temperatures during the on-heating thermal cycle. In the on-cooling thermal cycle, the melted and re-solidified grain boundaries decreased the overall ductility, exhibiting the same tendency as that observed in the on-heating test.
Review on Ultrasonic Welding Quality Monitoring Technology
Authors: Kim Byeong-Jin , Hwang Insung , Son Seong-Guk , Park Chanhoon , Kim Young-Min
Published: April 2024

To produce batteries for electric vehicles, various welding processes are used, of which ultrasonic welding is an important one. In recent years, the quality control of welded components has become increasingly important due to fires and frequent discharges caused by battery heat. In addition, ultrasonic welding is sensitive to the process environment, so quality monitoring is essential. In this paper, we introduce a study to predict the quality of ultrasonic welding by measuring the energy generated during the welding process, the vibration of the horn and anvil, and the temperature of the weld. In particular, we will introduce various methods to measure the temperature of the weld, which is difficult to measure in the ultrasonic welding process, and a study that performs machine learning by fusing the energy and vibration obtained in the process.
Addressing the Leadership Crisis through Servant-Infused Pedagogy in the College Classroom
Authors: Campbell Heather , Strawser Michael G. , Sellnow Deanna D. ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: April 2024

Few would argue with the notion that teachers play an important role in shaping student learning. Best practices suggest we do so by positively influencing affect (motivation based on perceived relevance/utility), cognition (comprehension/ understanding), and behavior (performance/application). Grounded in the theoretical paradigms of Freire, Greenleaf, and Bandura, we contend that teachers have a moral obligation to influence not only students' minds, but also their hearts in ways that encourage them to grow into morally grounded servant-leaders as they interact in the world beyond the academy. We recommend several pedagogical strategies based on Greenleaf’s ten servant leadership principles and propose potential implications.
Islam and Muslims in the Australian Press
Authors: Ghauri Muhammad Junaid ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: April 2024

Recent research has revealed a prominent ‘political parallelism’ phenomenon in the coverage of Islam and Muslims. The studies have evidenced that the coverage of Islam and Muslims is widely influenced by the ideological leanings of the newspapers. This paper is set to explore whether the ideological differences of the Australian newspapers are reflected in the coverage of Islam and Muslims during January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017. Employing Van Dijk’s (1998) ideological square and lexicalization approaches within the CDA paradigm, this study examined editorials from two leading Australian newspapers. The findings have validated the existence of the ‘political parallelism’ discourse in the editorial contents of the selected newspapers representing Islam and Muslims.
Islamic Terrorist Radicalization through Online Jihadist Magazines
Authors: Matusitz Jonathan ,   Religious Communication Association
Published: April 2024

This study is a conceptual analysis of the role that online jihadist magazines play in the process of Islamic terrorist radicalization. This topic is essential because it demonstrates how successful jihad propagandists have been at finding new ways to radicalize new and potential recruits—often a young target audience—into the Salafist-jihadist doctrine. The four specific magazines examined are Al-Qaeda’s Inspire, ISIS’s Dabiq and Rumiyah, and Al-Shabaab’s Gaidi Mtaani. These units of analysis were selected because they remain the most influential online magazines in the jihadist world today. An important conclusion is that, although Islamic terrorist radicalization still happens offline (through face-to-face meetings, group communication, or various rituals), internet content that promotes jihadism can yield equally damaging consequences in the real-world environment, as demonstrated by a myriad of terrorist attacks (in Europe and the United States) that were inspired by those online magazines.
Examining the Relationship between Vaccine Utilization and Educational Attainment in Southeast Los Angeles
Authors: Dhaulakhandi Hemang , Kodavatikanti Achyutha , Elhaija Ahmad , Alam Usman
Published: April 2024

The Southeast Los Angeles cities of Maywood and Bell have educational attainment (bachelor’s degree or higher) rates of 8.7% and 8.8%, respectively, relative to California’s state average of 37.0% (U.S. Census Bureau 2022). The goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between educational attainment and vaccine utilization in Southeast Los Angeles to inform future policies aimed at improving long-term health outcomes. For this study, the International Collegiate Health Initiative (ICHI), a 501(c)-3 nonprofit focused on providing multicultural low-income, immigrant, and refugee populations with educational, nutritional, and medical health services, conducted extensive surveying of the patient population at its mobile community health clinic events at the Maywood YMCA and the Bell Community Health Center. The data reveals significant differences in vaccine use between college- and non-college-educated individuals. 68.75% of college-educated respondents reported receiving a COVID-19 booster shot, whereas 56.82% of non-college-educated respondents reported the same. Similarly, college-educated respondents had a 62.5% flu vaccination rate in the 2022 flu season, compared to 47.7% for non-college-educated respondents. The trend of college attendees being more likely to use vaccine services than non-college attendees is corroborated by a longitudinal study of Wisconsin high school graduates. This study determined that college attendance was correlated with higher probability of vaccine utilization in general, and increased flu shot usage in particular (Fletcher & Frisvold, 2009). The study also indicates that there is causation, rather than simply correlation, between increased college attendance and use of vaccines. Moreover, an empirical assessment of OECD countries for the period 1995–2015 found that well-educated adults have better health relative to adults who are less-educated (​​Raghupathi & ​​Raghupathi, 2020). This underscores the need to support increased educational attainment in underserved communities in order to increase vaccination rates in the United States.
THE ASYMMETRİC EFFECT OF PRODUCER PRİCES ON CONSUMER PRİCES İN TURKİSH ECONOMY
Authors: Aşık Bekir
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study is to evaluate the asymmetric impacts of producer price on consumer prices and cointegration relationship between two price indexes for Turkish economy from 2003.M1 to 2022.M12. Another aim is to analyze the causality between Producer Price Index (PPI) and Consumer Prıce Index (CPI). The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) and Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (NARDL) is estimated to determine relation between PPI and CPI and asymmetric effects of PPI on CPI. The causality relation is examined using Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality method. According to the results, there is a cointegration relation between CPI and PPI. The ARDL model implies that PPI has a positive impact on CPI both in the short time period and in the long time period. The NARDL model indicates that although positive shocks to the PPI have positive effects on CPI, negative shocks do not have statistically significant effect on CPI. In addition to these results, Toda-Yamamoto Granger Causality method indicates that a bidirectional causality is found between two price indexes.
Studi Gelombang Kejut dan Karakteristik Arus Lalu Lintas dengan Model Greenberg dan Greenshield Jalan Letjen Hertasning
Authors: Reski Said Annisa , Badaron Fauziah , Massara Asma
Published: April 2024

Pada ruas jalan Letjen Hertasning mengalami masalah lalulintas  seperti, kemacetan, antrian dan tundaan merupakan hal yang sudah sering terjadi. Hal tersebut umumnya terjadi pada jam-jam tertentu (jam sibuk/puncak), disebabkan oleh adanya peningkatan volume kendaraan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menganalisis hubungan Arus, Kecepatan, dan Kepadatan model Greenshield dan model Greenberg Jalan Letjen Hertasning Kota Makassar dan menganalisis panjang antrian, waktu normal dengan waktu tertentu arus lalu lintas  di Jalan Letjen Hertasning Kota Makassar . Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan data Primer dan Data Sekunder dimana akan di lakukan survey secara langsung pada lokasi, Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Pada ruas jalan Letjen Hertasning (3 lajur) didapatkan nilai arus maksimum untuk model Greenshields 2602,05 smp/jam, model Greenberg 3123,34 smp/jam, di mana nilai tersebut didasarkan pada interval 15 menitan. Rerata arus maksimum (kapasitas) tiap lajur hasil dari model yang di dapat sebesar 4950 smp/jam Untuk dasar perhitungan gelombang kejut akibat jalan ditutup 1 (satu) lajur, ditetapkan nilai kapasitas 1 lajur sebesar 1584 smp/jam dan Untuk interval waktu hambatan yang sama, model Greenshields umumnya akan menghasilkan antrian terpanjang dibandingkan model Greenberg . Hal ini dikarenakan kemiringan garis yang menunjukkan adanya perubahan arus dan kepadatan Iebih curam, yaitu didasarkan pada saat kepadatan pada kondisi macet, model Greenberg nilainya terkecil dari model lainnya. Pada ruas jalan Hertasning yang ditutup seluruh lajurnya, jika arus lalu lintas sebesar 2000 smp/jam maka antrian akan bertambah 4,75 meter setiap 5 menit (kecepatan terbentuknya antrian sebesar 2,77 km/jam).
The MHONGOOSE survey of atomic gas in and around galaxies
Authors: McGaugh Stacy
Published: April 2024

I have been spending a lot of time lately writing up a formal paper on high redshift galaxies, so haven’t had much time to write here. The paper is a lot more involved than I told you so, but yeah, I did. Repeatedly. I do have a start on a post on self-interacting dark matter that I hope eventually to get back to. Today, I want to give a quick note about the MHONGOOSE survey. But first, a non-commercial interruption.
Forced pregnancy in the International Criminal Law
Authors: Škundrić Aleksa
Published: April 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the crime of forced pregnancy within the framework of the International Criminal Law (ICL). The author notes that acts of sexual violence, including forced pregnancy, have long been neglected in the system of international criminal justice. The crime of forced pregnancy has particularly been one of the most controversial issues during the negotiations regarding the text of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Delegations from several states that prohibit abortion were concerned that the adoption of the crime will expose their nationals to the criminal prosecution for forced pregnancy. A solution was a compromise which moved the crime of forced pregnancy away from the original concept of its proponents - an emphasis of the crime, as it stands in the Rome Statute, is not on the denial of the abortion for women which have been forcibly made pregnant, but rather on the (physical) confinement of such women. Also, the result is a definition that is too complex to be of significant practical value, a demonstration of which is the fact that the ICC has just recently made its first judgement regarding the crime of forced pregnancy, even though this crime has been in the Rome Statute for more than twenty years. Having that in mind, the author argues that the crime of forced pregnancy is a classic example of the "overextension" of the ICL. Namely, the ICC should be responsible for prosecuting only the most serious international crimes which are of concern for the international community. Clearly, as it has been demonstrated in the Rome Conference, various states have very different opinions on this issue. Besides these topics, the author has also pointed out that the crime of forced pregnancy, within a framework of crimes against humanity and war crimes, is a distinct crime in relation to the crime of genocide. The main difference between those two crimes is in their material element.
Artificial intelligence and totalitarianism
Authors: Pejković Marko
Published: April 2024

After the introduction, the first part of the paper is devoted to defining the concepts of artificial intelligence and totalitarianism, where the importance of distinguishing between the current (machine learning) and the projected (superintelligence) phase in the development of artificial intelligence, i.e. between the embryonic (totalitarian movement out of power) and the established (totalitarian movement in power) stage in the development of totalitarianism is underlined. The second part of the paper examines the connection between the current level of artificial intelligence and the embryonic phase of totalitarianism, while the third part of the paper analyzes the potential relationship between the superintelligence and the established totalitarianism. It seems, considering the similarities and differences between the effects of contemporary and future artificial intelligence and the effects of earlier totalitarianism, that today (and in the future) we do not have a mere replica of totalitarian phases from the 20th century, but special totalitarian phenomena in the form of "capillary totalitarianism", i.e. "hypertotalitarianism". Last century's totalitarianism, as well as today's "capillary" variant of it, were not necessarily irreversible, but "hypertotalitarianism" will be. In conclusion, protective measures against the risk of artificial intelligence are proposed, in the form of the principle of exemption (modeled after the concept of conscientious objection).
Determining differences between motor abilities and body composition between football and basketball players
Authors: Maljanović Džejla , Čaprić Ilma , Špirtović Omer , Milić Vladan , Stanković Mima , Nailović Hamza , Muković Iso , Radenković Oliver , Zekić Inesa , Zelenović Milan , Ćorović Mejra
Published: April 2024

The goal of this research was to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of motor abilities and body composition between athletes of different sports (basketball and football). The research included 45 athletes who participated in this survey based on the two groups including 23 soccer players (17±0.30) and 22 basketball players (17±0.50). The research involved measuring motor abilities (S10m and VS) and body composition (BMI, FAT% and MM). By analyzing the obtained results whilst applying Levene's test for equality of variances, it indicates that there are no significant differences in the values of the variables for respondents who play basketball compared to those who play football for any variable (p>0.05), except for MM (p<0.05) where the difference in values is statistically significant.
Ski school feasibility study
Authors: Gajević Aco , Ivanović Jelena , Cicović Borislav
Published: April 2024

Winter sports are very popular, and the Ski Resort "Kopaonik", as the largest in the Republic of Serbia, is visited by an increasing number of tourists every year. This trend of constant growth in the number of guests creates great potential for new business. Although the competitive game in this area (ski teaching) is quite strong, given that several ski schools are currently operating in Kopanik, the ski and snowboard school that is planned to start operating in the future has a competitive advantage due to business premises in an excellent location, an extremely strong team quality instructors, innovative models in work, but also the offer of services, thanks to which in the future it could successfully "compete" on the market with other opponents.
Physical preparation in goalball
Authors: Popović Ivan , Ilić Igor , Durlević Slavka , Popović-Ilić Tatjana , Kostić Milica
Published: April 2024

People with disabilities (PWD) represent the category of population which due to their impaired abilities have special needs. However, PWD need to have sports activities like all other people in order to maintain and improve their general anthropological status. As such, people with disabilities achieve significant sport results at the highest level. Blind and visually impaired people are a special category of people with disabilities in regards to sports training and competitions, since their physical abilities and characteristics are not impaired compared to people without disabilities, except in the field of sight. Goalball is a team sport designed for blind and visually impaired people and is characteristic among sports of people with disabilities because the rules are not adopted from another sport and adapted for people with disabilities, but are unique. There is no categorization in this sport because all participants, blind and visually impaired, wear special blacked - out eye shades, so that everyone is equal on the court. Goalball requires special physical preparation due to the complexity of the game itself. Although in this sport players occupy only three positions on the field, the time from defending the shot on goal to the end of the attacking phase is 10 seconds, so athletes must have high fitness levels. Depending on the competition schedule, there is a distinct difference between general and special physical preparation, within which special emphasis is placed on individual physical preparation.
Anthropometric characteristics of Grand Slam winners
Authors: Milovanović Marija , Đorđević Stefan , Milenković Saša , Milovanović Jelena , Antonijević Maša
Published: April 2024

Tennis is a sport in which body type is not the only condition for success, but in any case, it is a very important factor that will determine an individual's playing style. The aim of this work was to determine the differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the winners of the tournament. The sample of respondents consisted of seniors, winners of Grand Slams in the last 40 years. All data such as tournament winners, players' height, and weight are taken from the official ATP website. For the statistical processing of the data, the basic descriptive parameters of height, weight and BMI for all 4 Grand Slam tournaments were taken into account. To determine the differences in the anthropometric characteristics of the tournament winners, a T-test was used for two independent groups. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference between the two time periods (1980-2000) and the time period (2001-2020). Also, from the results, it can be concluded that BMI gradually increased from year to year. Innovations in terms of equipment, changes, and improvements along the field led to a change in technique and tactics. In the future, children should be selected based on their anthropometric characteristics.
Body composition and motor abilities of female handball players
Authors: Mijalković Stefan , Mladenović Kristina , Stanković Ana , Ilić Tamara
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of body composition with motor abilities of female handball players. The sample of respondents consisted of 18 female handball players with an average chronological age of 20.22 ± 4.67 years, with average sports experience of 9.56 ± 3.93 years. First, the respondents' body composition parameters were measured (body height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat, percentage of muscle and daily metabolism), followed by tests of speed (sprint at 10m, 20m and 30m), agility (Agility T-test, Illinois and Change of direction and acceleration Test (CODAT)) and explosive strength (Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Counter Movement Jump With Arm Swing (CMJwas) and Squat Jump (SJ)). Based on the results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that there was no statistically significant correlation of any body composition parameter with the motor abilities of female handball players. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the motor abilities of underweight, overweight and normal female handball players. Therefore, it can be concluded that despite different values of body composition, all handball players achieved similar results of motor abilities.
Differences in morphological characteristics and functional abilities of recreationally active women and inactive women
Authors: Mladenović-Ćirić Ivana , Aleksić Dragana , Kocić Jadranka
Published: April 2024

Physical activity and health are intricately connected, yet paradoxically, the modern way of life is increasingly reducing the physical activity of the average person. This trend, driven by technological advancements and modern civilization, leads to numerous health problems, such as obesity, neuroses, depression, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as diseases of the musculoskeletal system and digestive organs. Insufficient physical activity, poor nutrition, and the imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure are the main causes of these diseases. This research focuses on women aged 30 to 35 and aims to examine the differences in morphological characteristics and functional abilities between recreational and inactive women. The research methods involve 22 recreational and 22 inactive women, with the assessment of morphological characteristics conducted through 12 anthropometric measures and the evaluation of functional abilities with three variables. The results show that recreational women have better anthropometric parameters, less body fat, more muscle mass, lower heart rate values, and higher oxygen intake. These findings indicate that recreational physical activity is associated with better physical fitness, contributing to the prevention of various diseases and improvement of overall health.
Changes in body weight and body composition during student exam period
Authors: Ogrizović Saša
Published: April 2024

Most faculties at the University of Ljubljana support sport and recreation for students in various ways. At the Faculty of computer and information science and at the Faculty of chemistry and chemical technology we offer students the course "Sports Education". The course is running in the winter and summer semesters. During the exam period, students do not have the opportunity to be involved in organized sport activities from the faculty. We decided to investigate whether the students kept the habit of joining sport activity during that period and whether there were changes in body weight and body composition. Methods: We measured body weight and body composition, which included the muscle mass weight and percentage in fat mass. We used Tanita RD545 and a survey questionnaire for measurement. The first test was performed in the last week of the winter semester and the second in the first week of the summer semester, while the exam period lasts four weeks. Results: In the short period of four weeks, the students on average increased their body weight by 0.48 kg (range: min=-2.3kg, max=3.7kg), muscle mass by 0.11 (range max=-4.25kg, max =3.15kg), percentage in fat mass 0.22% (range max=-4.4%, min=3.3%). In the questionnaire, the students assessed that they were less physically active during the exam period. The results showed changes in body weight and body composition occurred in a relatively short period. The reason for this is probably less physical activity.